bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The factors that affect halal certification among small and medium enterprise food entrepreneurs in Ngawi
Authors: Luthfiya Lulu' , Damayanti Amilia Yuni , Pibriyanti Kartika , Marfu'ah Nurul , Mufidah Indahtul , Amala Nur , Hafifah Cut Ajma Fitira , Fauziatunnisa Elok
Published: September 2024

A halal lifestyle using halal-certified products is a vital necessity for Muslims. It allows Indonesia to become the world's largest producer and servicer of halal products. However, many uncertified halal products are circulating in the community, and the number of certified halal items tends to be small. Several factors influence the low quality of halal certification products. This Research aimed to identify factors influencing halal certification: education, knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and awareness. The Type of research was crossectional research. The research was conducted in the Ngawi district by comparing entrepreneurs with halal certification and entrepreneurs who still need to have halal certification, with the number of each sample of 26 entrepreneurs. The technique of sampling was purposive sampling.  These research variables are factors associated with halal certification, including the level of education, knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and awareness of the entrepreneur acquired through interviews using validated questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaire. The education, knowledge, and attitude data were analyzed using a chi-square test. The behavior and halal awareness were analyzed using the Fisher test. The statistical test results showed a p-value of < 0.001 on the variables of knowledge, education, attitude, and behavior, so it can be said that knowledge, education, behavior, and attitude positively affect halal certification. However, based on the statistical test on the halal awareness variable, the relationship test results of p-value > 0.05, so it can be said that halal awareness does not positively affect halal certification. This research concludes that education, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior influence legal certification. Awareness of halal behavior does not affect halal certification.
 
Keywords: Attitude, Behavior, Education, Halal awareness, Halal certification knowledge
Sulphur Fractions, Distribution, and Connections with Soil Attributes in the Gopalpur and Ishwardi Soil Series of Bangladesh
Authors: Hasi Sharmin Aktar , Ahsan Samiul , Joardar Jagadish Chandra , Amin Sadiqul , Halder Milton
Published: September 2024

The deficiency of soil sulfur (S) is a prevalent issue in Bangladesh soils, posing a significant obstacle to enhancing crop yield and overall productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of different sulfur fractions across various soil depths in the Gopalpur and Ishwardi soil series, along with their relationships with other soil parameters. In both soil series, the sulfur fractions were ordered as follows: organic > adsorbed > available forms, with organic sulfur being the most abundant. Additionally, soil attributes such as pH, organic carbon, texture, and EC were assessed to understand their relationships with sulphur fractions. Results indicate significant variations in sulphur distribution between the two soils series, with organic sulphur dominating in Gopalpur soils and sulphate-sulphur prevailing in Ishwardi soils. Correlation analysis reveals strong associations between sulphur fractions and soil attributes, highlighting the influence of soil properties on sulphur dynamics. These findings provide valuable insights into sulphur cycling in agricultural soils of Bangladesh and underscore the importance of soil management practices for optimizing sulphur availability and crop productivity.
Climate Change Impact and Traditional Adaptation Practices in Northeast India: A Review
Authors: Lotha Tsenbeni N , Ritse Vimha , Nakro Vevosa , K Ketiyala , I Imkongyanger , Rudithongru Lemzila , Hazarika Nabajit , Jamir Latonglila
Published: September 2024

The review explores the intricate traditional knowledge (TK) nurtured by the diverse indigenous communities of Northeast (NE) India, emphasizing on their adaptive strategies amidst the region's evolving climate patterns. NE India faces a multitude of climate change-induced risks, including earthquakes, landslides, flash floods, and thunderstorms/lightning, highlighting the critical role of indigenous knowledge in mitigating these challenges. Through generations of experience, indigenous cultures have amassed a treasure trove of traditional ecological knowledge, particularly pertinent in NE India's context. Given the region's vulnerability to climate change impacts, these indigenous practices are indispensable. The review provides an in-depth analysis of these aspects, shedding light on recent climate change impacts, prevalent issues, and the indigenous adaptation strategies in NE India. Recognizing the significance of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation, the review stresses the importance of integrating it with scientific knowledge to enhance adaptation effectiveness. It extensively covers various aspects of traditional farming systems, watershed governance, the preservation of biodiversity, and traditional medical practices in NE India. However, the region faces challenges from growing development, the industrial revolution, and devastation, emphasizing an urgent need to document, evaluate, and preserve indigenous cultures' traditional ecological knowledge (TEK).
Study on Experiences with and Awareness of Swallowing Accidents during Dental Treatments among Domestic Dental Professionals
Authors: Jang Su-Mi , Kim Han-Na
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study examined the causes of swallowing accidents experienced by dental professionals during dental treatment. In addition, an attempt was made to understand the awareness of swallowing accidents and identify factors influencing swallowing accident experiences. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 390 dental healthcare professionals to assess their experiences and perceptions of swallowing accidents. Quantitative analysis was performed on the collected data using statistical software. Frequency analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and t-tests were used as analysis methods. Results: Swallowing accidents were prevalent among dental healthcare professionals (63.3%) and occurred most frequently in patients aged 41 to 60 years, with a higher incidence in men. Common foreign objects, including prostheses and extracted teeth, typically pass through the upper gastrointestinal tract. No significant difference was reported between the occupation and experience of dental workers and their perception of swallowing accidents. These findings indicate that awareness of the risk of swallowing accidents is not related to occupation or work experience. Conclusions: The substances and types of treatments that cause swallowing accidents vary. Therefore, the prevention of swallowing accidents occurring during dental treatment is important. In addition, increasing the awareness and education is necessary.
TEFNET24: reference packet optical network topology for edge to core transport
Authors: Rivas-Moscoso José Manuel , Arpanaei Farhad , Otero Pérez Gabriel , Jiménez José David Martínez , Fernández-Palacios Juan Pedro , de Dios Óscar González , Contreras Luis Miguel , Sánchez-Macián Alfonso , Hernández José Alberto , Larrabeiti David , Folgueira Jesús
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we introduce TEFNET24, a reference multi-layer hierarchical network topology that spans from access to core networks, specifically designed to meet the demands of beyond 5G and prepared for next-generation 6G communication systems. This topology, inspired by the actual network deployments of Telefónica in medium-sized countries (or large federal states) in Europe and America, integrates both IP and optical (DWDM) layers to provide a comprehensive framework for network design, optimization, and analysis. Our primary contribution is the development of an open-source benchmarking network, accessible to both researchers and industry professionals. This resource aims to facilitate the study and advancement of integrated IP and optical networks, allowing researchers to address key challenges such as traffic aggregation, latency reduction, cost efficiency, and support for advanced applications. We provide guidelines for utilizing this benchmark network, enabling users to evaluate and enhance their solutions for AI-driven network management, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, enhanced mobile broadband, and massive machine-type communication. By sharing this detailed and practical benchmarking network, we seek to foster innovation and collaboration within the optical network community, driving forward the capabilities and performance of future communication networks. A dataset with TEFNET24 details is provided.
Multichannel meta-imagers based on electrically tunable metasurfaces for accelerating matrix operations
Authors: Wang Mengguang , Zhang Qiangbo , Liu Xinyu , Wang Chang , Yu Zeqing , Chen Bingliang , Zheng Zhenrong
Published: September 2024

Optical neural networks have facilitated groundbreaking advancements in machine vision, intelligent healthcare, and autonomous driving systems. However, fixed optical network architectures encounter a dramatic challenge in achieving large-scale parameter tuning without necessitating modifications to the physical components, thereby limiting their capacity to handle intricate application scenarios. Here, a meta-imager based on tunable metasurfaces is proposed, which acts as an optoelectronic front end in collaboration with a digital back end to transfer computationally intensive convolution operations to super integration, highly parallel optical devices. The tunable metasurface integrated liquid crystal (LC) within our system allows for the multiplexing of both polarization and angle, generates multiple convolution channels, and performs both positive and negative convolution operations simultaneously. Moreover, two helicity channels could be tuned by voltages to exponentially double the number of information channels thus overcoming the limitations of fixed information channels in traditional metasurfaces. Our tunable meta-imager achieves 98.5% accuracy for handwritten digitals and 90.9% accuracy for fashion images. Due to its high speed, compactness, and tunable characteristics, this system holds significant potential in the field of artificial intelligence (AI).
Standing-wave atom tweezer
Authors: Chen Guang-Jie , Wang Jun-Jie , Wang Zhu-Bo , Zhao Dong , Zhang Yan-Lei , Liu Ai-Ping , Dong Chun-Hua , Huang Kun , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling
Published: September 2024

We report on the experimental realization of a standing-wave atom tweezer (SWAT) by aligning tightly focused dipole laser beams from a commercial objective lens and a metalens on a chip. By independently tuning the laser intensities of the two beams, we demonstrate the controlled loading of multiple atoms into the SWAT. We systematically investigate the influence of the standing-wave potential modulation depth on single-atom loading dynamics and quantitatively estimate the number of atoms in the SWAT by calculating the fluorescence of trapped atoms. Our results show that the SWAT can trap a chain of more than 20 atoms with significantly suppressed atom collisions, exhibiting a lifetime exceeding 1 second. Our work presents a versatile platform for investigating atom dynamics in 1D optical lattices, enabling the study of collective atom-photon interactions and many-body physics in a highly controllable system.
Intensity correlations in measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Liu Junxuan , Xing Tianyi , Liu Ruiyin , Chen Zihao , Tan Hao , Huang Anqi
Published: September 2024

The intensity correlations due to imperfect modulation during the quantum-state preparation in a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) system compromise its security performance. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the impact of intensity correlations on the practical security of MDI QKD systems. In this work, we propose a theoretical model that quantitatively analyzes the secure key rate of MDI QKD systems under intensity correlations. Furthermore, we apply the theoretical model to a practical MDI QKD system with measured intensity correlations, which shows that the system struggles to generate keys efficiently under this model. We also explore the boundary conditions of intensity correlations to generate secret keys. This study extends the security analysis of intensity correlations to MDI QKD protocols, providing a methodology to evaluate the practical security of MDI QKD systems.
Phase volume correlation approach for overcoming decorrelation in three-dimensional phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography
Authors: Ni Zihao , Xie Shengli , Zhu Yuanyang , He Zhaoshui , Dong Bo , Bai Yulei
Published: September 2024

The dynamic measurement range in phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (PhS-OCE) is limited for the phase decorrelation induced by pixel-level displacements in precision measurement, where the consideration of the time-resolved incremental method and in-plane pixels tracking method is insufficient to recover the phase holistically. This work presented a phase volume correlation (PVC) approach to handle the phase decorrelation in three-dimensional PhS-OCE. By utilizing the ability of the discontinuous source diagram to quantify voxel phase correlation levels, the PVC establishes a wrapped phase-matching equation aimed at optimizing the number of volumetric source distributions. The three-dimensional pixel-level motions in the deformed phase space can be evaluated by solving the optimization model for phase matching, thereby enabling the reconstruction of the volumetric phase variation corrupted by decorrelation. The large deformations experiments including diffident loadings, i.e., stretching, three-point bending, and light-cured, verified the proposed PPVC approach's of feasibility, reliability, and stability. The contribution of this work can dramatically enhance the dynamic measuring range in three-dimensional PhS-OCE.
On-chip integrated polarization beam splitter based on a meta-waveguide
Authors: Song Yuqing , Chu Xixi , Chen Rongquan , Wang Wei , Hu Xudong , Hu Ting , Liu Jinbiao , Chen Ming
Published: September 2024

The current research on metasurfaces is mostly focused on its ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves in space, which requires a large number of subwavelength structures to control, thus making it difficult to avoid the problem of large device size. However, it also has great development potential in the conversion of space light to guided waves. In this paper, we propose a compact structure consisting of silicon nanoantennas and waveguides for controlling the conversion of linearly polarized light in free space into guided waves and propagating along the waveguide. The device is capable of efficiently coupling and splitting linearly polarized light at any polarization angle in free space, and realizing wavelength routing functions with the directivity can reach up to 23.74 dB, and the maximum transmission rate is 12.5%. The results not only prove that the integration of nanoantennas with waveguides can achieve polarization multiplexing functions on a chip and achieve high working efficiency but also provide more possibilities for chip applications such as mode conversion in photonic integrated circuits.
Self-referencing refractive index sensor based on graphene-assisted TAMM plasmon cavity resonance
Authors: Shen Songchao , Hameed Ahmed M. F. , Dai Jun
Published: September 2024

In this Letter, we report TAMM plasmonic polaritons (TPPs) generated by few-layer MoS2 with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure in the terahertz frequency region by utilizing the transfer matrix method (TMM) and finite element method (FEM). By inserting a mono-graphene embedded cavity layer, we realize the graphene-induced mode strong coupling (GCM), which is a strategy of a refractive index sensor by optimizing the cavity layer spacing. By adjusting the chemical potential of graphene, GCM is modulated. μc =  0.1 eV and μc = 0.9 eV are selected as the on–off-state parameters, respectively. The difference in reflectance spectra presents a differential signal and a self-reference operation. The sensitivity of the designed refractive index sensor is 7.8 THz/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 882 RUI-1 can be obtained. The proposed structure in our Letter demonstrates its potential application in high-performance self-reference refractive index sensors.
Reconfigurable wide-angle broadband terahertz wave antireflection using a non-volatile phase-change material
Authors: Lai Weien , Gou Hanguang , Huang Ding , Wu Huizhen
Published: September 2024

Actively wide-angle broadband terahertz (THz) antireflection (AR) coatings with a flexible reconfigurability have a great potential for the development of next-generation versatile THz components and systems with high performance. Here, we present a reconfigurable wide-angle broadband THz AR coating using a phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film, which is based on the impedance matching method. The performance of GST-based AR coating can be effectively achieved by a thermal excitation, exhibiting the complete suppression of unwanted THz-wave reflections for incidence angles from 0∘ to 50∘ in the broad frequency range of 0.1–3.0 THz. Simulation and experimental results show that the GST-based AR coating can efficiently eliminate Fabry–Perot interference caused by unwanted THz-wave reflections from the substrate, thereby significantly improving the performances of THz devices. Moreover, the active AR mechanism of the GST-based coating is investigated, which elucidates the essential role of the phase transition between the amorphous and crystalline phases in changing the conductivity of the film to achieve an impedance matching condition under thermal excitation. Additionally, the non-volatile properties of GST can enable the AR coating to retain a long-term stability for optimal wave-impedance matching without power holding requirements. Our work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, and promising way for realizing high-performance integrated THz components and systems in the future.
A preliminary indication that HLA-A*03:01 may be associated with visceral leishmaniasis development in people living with HIV in Ethiopia
Authors: de Vrij Nicky , Vandoren Romi , Ramadan Kadrie , Van Hul Anke , Ceulemans Ann , Kassa Mekibib , Melkamu Roma , Yeshanew Arega , Bogale Tadfe , Beyene Hailemariam , Sisay Kasaye , Kibret Aderajew , Mersha Dagnew , Cuypers Wim L. , Vogt Florian , van Henten Saskia , Ritmeijer Koert , Pham Thao-Thy , Meysman Pieter , Laukens Kris , Cuypers Bart , Diro Ermias , Mohammed Rezika , van Griensven Johan , Adriaensen Wim
Published: September 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is a major challenge for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control, particularly in Ethiopia where the incidence of both pathogens is high. VL-HIV often leads to high rates of antileishmanial treatment failure and recurrent VL disease relapses. Considering the high prevalence of HIV and Leishmania in the Ethiopian population, preventing the progression of asymptomatic Leishmania infection to disease would be a valuable asset to VL disease control and to the clinical management of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, such a strategy requires good understanding of risk factors for VL development. In immunocompetent individuals living in Brazil, India, or Iran, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene region has been associated with VL development. We used NanoTYPE, an Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing-based HLA genotyping method, to detect associations between HLA genotype and VL development by comparing 78 PLWH with VL history and 46 PLWH that controlled a Leishmania infection, all living in a VL endemic region of North-West Ethiopia. We identified an association between HLA-A*03:01 and increased risk of VL development (OR = 3.89). These data provide candidate HLA alleles that can be further explored for inclusion in a potential Leishmania screen-and-treat strategy in VL endemic regions.
Derivation of Russian-specific reference intervals for complete blood count, iron markers and related vitamins
Authors: Ruzhanskaya Anna , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Sukhacheva Elena , Skibo Irina , Vybornova Nina , Butlitski Dmitry , Vasiliev Anton , Agarkova Galina , Vilenskaya Ekaterina , Emanuel Vladimir , Lugovskaya Svetlana
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for Russian adults for hematological parameters including related iron markers and vitamins. Sources of variation of reference values (RVs) and needs for secondary exclusion were explored for proper derivations of RIs.

Methods

Following the harmonized protocol of the IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL), 506 healthy Russians (age 18−80; 46% male) were recruited. Complete blood counts (CBC) and leukocyte differentials, iron markers, vitamin B12, and folate were measured by Beckman Coulter’s analyzers. Sources of variation were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and ANOVAs, and the need for partitioning RVs was decided accordingly. Two schemes of excluding latent anemia were compared: (1) latent abnormal values exclusion method (LAVE) based on associations among CBC parameters, or (2) explicit exclusion of individuals with either ferritin or iron below the respective lower limit of the manufacturer. RIs were determined by the parametric method using two-parameter Box-Cox formula.

Results

Gender-specific RIs were required for most analytes, while age-specific RIs were set only for ferritin in females. A BMI-related increase in RVs was prominently observed for reticulocyte parameters, hence we chose to exclude individuals with BMI>28 kg/m2 when establishing the RIs. The LAVE method was more effective in excluding individuals with latent anemia, than exclusion based on low ferritin and/or iron values. International comparison revealed that Russian RIs featured a lower side shift of platelet counts. Similar to African countries, Russian RIs for total leukocyte and neutrophil counts were lower compared to most of other countries.

Conclusion

RIs for the Russian population for 34 hematological and related parameters were established using up-to-date methods proposed by C-RIDL. Reducing the influences of latent anemia and obesity on RIs was crucial for erythrocyte parameters. Low levels of Russian RIs observed for platelet and neutrophil counts need further investigation.
Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal association of anthropometric measures on sepsis risk and mortality
Authors: Liu Chu-Yun , Yang Yu-Shen , Pei Meng-Qin , He He-fan
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the potential causalities of fat mass, nonfat mass and height (henceforth, ‘anthropometric measures’) with sepsis risk and mortality. We conducted the Mendelian randomization (MR) investigation using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of anthropometric measures, sepsis, and sepsis mortality. The GWAS summary data from the UK Biobank was used. Firstly, MR analysis was performed to estimate the causal effect of anthropometric measures on the risk of sepsis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary analytical approach, together with weighted median-based method. Cochrane’s Q test and MR-Egger intercept test were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy, respectively. Finally, we performed a series of sensitivity analyses to enhance the precision and veracity of our findings. The IVW method showed that genetically predicted weight-related measures were suggestively linked to an increased risk of sepsis. However, height displayed no causal association with sepsis risk and mortality. Furthermore, weight-related measures also displayed significant MR association with the sepsis mortality, except body nonfat mass and right leg nonfat mass. However, MVMR analysis indicated the observed effects for weight-related measures in the univariable MR analyses are more likely a bias caused by the interrelationship between anthropometric measures. According to the MR-Egger intercept assessment, our MR examination was not influenced by horizontal pleiotropy (all p>0.05). Moreover, the reliability of the estimated causal association was confirmed by the sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, these findings provided vital new knowledge on the role of anthropometric-related measures in the sepsis etiology.
A suboptimal OCT4-SOX2 binding site facilitates the naïve-state specific function of a Klf4 enhancer
Authors: Waite Jack B. , Boytz RuthMabel , Traeger Alexis R. , Lind Torrey M. , Lumbao-Conradson Koya , Torigoe Sharon E.
Published: September 2024

Enhancers have critical functions in the precise, spatiotemporal control of transcription during development. It is thought that enhancer grammar, or the characteristics and arrangements of transcription factor binding sites, underlie the specific functions of developmental enhancers. In this study, we sought to identify grammatical constraints that direct enhancer activity in the naïve state of pluripotency, focusing on the enhancers for the naïve-state specific gene, Klf4. Using a combination of biochemical tests, reporter assays, and endogenous mutations in mouse embryonic stem cells, we have studied the binding sites for the transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2. We have found that the three Klf4 enhancers contain suboptimal OCT4-SOX2 composite binding sites. Substitution with a high-affinity OCT4-SOX2 binding site in Klf4 enhancer E2 rescued enhancer function and Klf4 expression upon loss of the ESRRB and STAT3 binding sites. We also observed that the low-affinity of the OCT4-SOX2 binding site is crucial to drive the naïve-state specific activities of Klf4 enhancer E2. Altogether, our work suggests that the affinity of OCT4-SOX2 binding sites could facilitate enhancer functions in specific states of pluripotency.
The impact of port green competitiveness on the hinterland economy: A case study of China
Authors: Li Yajing , Yin Ming , Ge Jiawei
Published: September 2024

In the global trade landscape, ports are not only critical nodes for the transportation of goods but also increasingly recognized as key factors driving sustainable development through their green competitiveness. This paper takes a green competitiveness perspective to delve into the interactive relationship between port development and the hinterland economy, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and policy recommendations for the green development of ports. An evaluation index system for green competitiveness of ports was constructed, and a combination of the Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) and the Entropy Weighted-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (EW-TOPSIS) method was employed to quantitatively measure and assess the 25 major coastal ports and their hinterland economic systems in China. The study reveals that the overall green competitiveness of these major coastal ports is on the rise, yet notable disparities exist among individual ports. Regionally, the green competitiveness of the Yangtze River Delta port group stands out, while that of the Bohai Rim, southeastern, Pearl River Delta, and southwestern coastal port groups is relatively low. Empirical analysis conducted in this paper demonstrates the positive impact of port green competitiveness on the hinterland economic system, particularly its significant role in enhancing the total and quality aspects of the hinterland economy. Furthermore, it was found that the green competitiveness of ports exerts a more pronounced promotional effect on the hinterland economies of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta port groups compared to that on the Bohai Rim, southeastern, and southwestern coastal port groups. The results of this paper also hold important guiding value for optimizing the allocation of port resources, promoting port technological innovation, and improving port environmental management, contributing to the harmonious coexistence and long-term development of ports and their hinterlands.
Pathogen contingency loci and the evolution of host specificity: Simple sequence repeats mediate Bartonella adaptation to a wild rodent host
Authors: Rodríguez-Pastor Ruth , Knossow Nadav , Shahar Naama , Hasik Adam Z. , Deatherage Daniel E. , Gutiérrez Ricardo , Harrus Shimon , Zaman Luis , Lenski Richard E. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Hawlena Hadas
Published: September 2024

Parasites, including pathogens, can adapt to better exploit their hosts on many scales, ranging from within an infection of a single individual to series of infections spanning multiple host species. However, little is known about how the genomes of parasites in natural communities evolve when they face diverse hosts. We investigated how Bartonella bacteria that circulate in rodent communities in the dunes of the Negev Desert in Israel adapt to different species of rodent hosts. We propagated 15 Bartonella populations through infections of either a single host species (Gerbillus andersoni or Gerbillus pyramidum) or alternating between the two. After 20 rodent passages, strains with de novo mutations replaced the ancestor in most populations. Mutations in two mononucleotide simple sequence repeats (SSRs) that caused frameshifts in the same adhesin gene dominated the evolutionary dynamics. They appeared exclusively in populations that encountered G. andersoni and altered the dynamics of infections of this host. Similar SSRs in other genes are conserved and exhibit ON/OFF variation in Bartonella isolates from the Negev Desert dunes. Our results suggest that SSR-based contingency loci could be important not only for rapidly and reversibly generating antigenic variation to escape immune responses but that they may also mediate the evolution of host specificity.
Giving voice to the global majority
Authors: Lugo-Ocando Jairo
Published: September 2024

In this print edition 13.3, we continue our journal’s tradition and commitment to give a voice to those traditionally excluded in society. In the broader context of the dynamics of global communication and connectivity, we offer six articles from authors principally from the Global South. Their focus on creating spaces for dialogue and inclusion to those often excluded from society – the so-called subaltern voices – importantly offers an alternative to the Western populist narrative and challenges the inequalities created by globalization. It is also timely and especially important set against the backdrop of the rise of the populist right in Europe and North America which appear to pose a threat to those voices least heard across the globe.
Development of Augmented Reality-Based Radiation Protection Application for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Matsumoto Shinnosuke , Shinsho Kiyomitsu , Eisuke Kondo , Tanaka Yuhi , Ito Yuko , Nishimura Yumi
Published: September 2024

Background: Radiodiagnosis is widely performed in medical institutions. All medical professionals, including nurses, are at risk of radiation exposure. This study developed an educational application for radiation medical professionals to visualize the distribution of scattered radiation using augmented reality.Materials and Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation code was used to simulate mobile chest and abdominal radiography. The calculation results were incorporated into an augmented reality application. The results of the Monte Carlo calculations were validated by comparing them with radiation measurements. An augmented reality application for tablet devices was developed in Unity that visualizes the scattered radiation dose.Results and Discussion: The application was developed by visualizing the distribution of scattered radiation in mobile radiography in augmented reality in three-dimensional real space. The calculation results were validated, and the error between the displayed radiation dose values and the measured radiation dose values was generally less than 10%.Conclusion: The developed application allows users to overlay quantitative values of imperceptible radiation exposure doses onto any real-world environment. This enables users to intuitively understand the relationship between the distance from a radiation source and the received dose, thereby contributing to a better understanding of radiation protection in clinical settings.
Revolutionizing Finance: Decentralized Finance as a Disruptive Challenge to Traditional Finance
Authors: MIRDALA Rajmund
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the emergence and impact of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), between 2019 and 2024, as a disruptive agent opposing traditional finance (TradFi). By using blockchain technology to offer decentralized, open, and readily available financial services, the DeFi industry has seen explosive expansion Emphasizing DeFi's competitive advantage over TradFi, this study aims to investigate notable trends, developments, and market drivers in the toolkit. The main conclusions are the fast and significant rise in Total Value Locked (TVL), the clear increase in user adoption, the expansion in the number of transactions and trading volume on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), and the development of creative financial products. DeFi constantly changes the financial scene despite regulatory oversight and market volatility, so posing major problems and opportunities for established financial institutions.
Navigating the Maze: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies on Tax Avoidance and Its Influence Factors
Authors: GE Chao , SU Wunhong , WONG Wong Ming
Published: September 2024

There is a wealth of research on the factors influencing tax avoidance, and it has gradually become a global topic of interest. However, few studies systematically identify which factors influence corporate tax avoidance and how they do so. Many studies on similar topics show significant differences in conclusions across countries. Therefore, a systematic review of the relevant literature on tax avoidance is necessary, as it will help us understand the current state of research and offer insights and directions for future exploration of the reasons behind these discrepancies and the discovery of new factors influencing tax avoidance.
This study analyzes 97 empirical studies on tax avoidance, aiming to clarify influencing factors by categorizing themes and summarizing findings. Literature was sourced via Scopus and divided into three sections: Factors influencing tax avoidance in Western countries, factors in China, and future research prospects. Tax avoidance is a complex issue vital to firms’ high-quality development. The study underscores that differing methodologies may lead to varying conclusions, systematizing the literature and drawing comparisons among various perspectives. By enhancing understanding of tax avoidance, the effort provides a foundation for future investigations into practical strategies for firms, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of tax avoidance and emphasizing the importance of a coordinated approach among stakeholders.
One Channel System sebagai Sistem Keamanan Siber untuk Melindungi Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Malaysia
Authors: Afiya Nadien , Sudirman Arfin , Hakiki Falhan
Published: September 2024

Tingginya angka permasalahan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) di Malaysia yang terus berlanjut sedari dahulu hingga sekarang membutuhkan upaya kedua pemerintah untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut. Tahun 2022 Indonesia-Malaysia menetapkan MoU yang berisikan One Channel System sebagai satu-satunya kanal penempatan dan pengawasan PMI. One Channel System merupakan sistem terintegrasi antara pemerintah Indonesia dengan Malaysia dalam seluruh proses penempatan, pemantauan, dan kepulangan PMI disana, nantinya semua data yang mencakup lokasi bekerja, identitas majikan dan latar belakang majikan akan diawasi sepenuhnya oleh kedua pemerintah. One Channel System diinisiasi sebagai sebuah solusi untuk jaminan perlindungan bagi PMI dengan transparansi data terkait PMI di Malaysia dalam sebuah sistem siber yang akan berpotensi akan mengurangi berbagai ancaman yang sebelumnya menjadi isu bagi para PMI di Malaysia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu wawancara, studi literatur, dan penelitian berbasis internet. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah membahas mengenai One Channel System sebagai sistem keamanan siber untuk memberikan pelindungan bagi PMI melalui dua konsep kunci dalam keamanan siber, yaitu Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) dan Information Security. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa One Channel System tidak memiliki kementerian yang berwenang terkait keamanan siber sehingga belum memenuhi standar keamanan siber. Selain itu, pemerintah Indonesia belum menjadikan PMI prioritas dalam konteks memberikan perlindungan dalam keamanan siber karena PMI belum mendapatkan perhatian dari lembaga kementrian terkait keamanan siber itu sendiri.
Additions to the angiosperm flora of Manipur, India
Authors: Eshuo Kazhuhrii , Kashung Sochanngam , Kholi Kaini
Published: September 2024

The investigation into angiosperm flora has identified 5 flowering plants as a new record to Manipur state, northeast India: Amorphophallus napalensis (Wall.) Bogner & Mayo and Arisaema nephanthoides (Wall.) Mart. (Araceae), Impateins pulchra Hook. f. & Thomson (Balsaminaceae), Lonicera acuminata Wall. (Caprifoliaceae) and Silene baccifera (L.) Durande (Caryophyllaceae). Notably, the genus Silene is a new addition to the state’s flora. Detailed morphological descriptions and colour photo plates are provided for easy identification.
Structural types of sentences in Kosovo police communication centers
Authors: Haziri Shemsi , Neziri Senad
Published: September 2024

In this paper it will be analyzed grammatical and dialectal aspect of structural sentences of Albanian language used in six Kosovo Police Communication Centers. This paper includes: types of sentences used in Communication Centers separately; enhancing sentences, declarative sentences, declarative-exclamatory sentences and declarative-imperative; imperative sentences; - affirmative and negative sentences. All sections of this paper are illustrated with tables and charts, including number of used sentences and percentage of usage, to present the current situation of use of structural types of sentences in the Kosovo Police Communication Centers. Based on the results from six Communication Centers, which we have analyzed and treated separately, we have come to conclusions of the analysis of the grammatical and dialectal aspects. In Kosovo Police Communication Centers, within the category of declarative sentences, we find positive and negative sentences, which are formed by positive and negative particles, as: Poziiv (Positive), Negativ (Negative), Negativ niher (Negative for now), Po (Yes), Jo (No), veç çka po vrehet n’pamje t’jashtme (only what can be seen from outside), etc. In six Kosovo Police Communication Centers, the affirmative sentences are mainly formed through affirmative particles, as: pozitiv (positive), pranim (copy), po, po – po (yes, yeas – yes), u ba (done), ani faleminderit (OK thank you), n’rregull (alright), e kjart osht n’rregull (it’s clear alright), u kry (done), etc.
SCARCE RESOURCES, GREAT CHALLENGE: CENTRAL ASIA'S WATER CRISIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Argalı Medihanur
Published: September 2024

Central Asia has limited water resources and increasing pressure on these resources. Large-scale irrigation projects initiated during the Soviet Union led to the over-exploitation of the Amu Darya and Sir Darya rivers and the dramatic drying up of Lake Aral. This process has caused extensive damage to the ecosystem, declines in agricultural productivity and serious problems in human health. The article analyses the historical origins and the current state of the water crisis in the region and examines the challenges of water resources management and sustainability efforts. It will also emphasise the importance of regional cooperation and modern water management policies. Central Asia's water crisis is not only an environmental problem but also a social and economic challenge. In this context, sustainable water management strategies are vital for the region to achieve its long-term development goals. Türkiye’s cooperation with the Central Asian states in this regard and transferring experience to them will contribute to the regional states' confidence in Türkiye and increase Türkiye’s prestige in the international arena. The article will use the Russian, English, Turkish and Uzbek source search method.
BANKING ON GREEN: THE MODERATING ROLE OF BANK TYPE IN GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Özbay Edibe , İpek Rana , Esen Emel
Published: September 2024

This study examines the moderating role of bank type in the relationship between green human resource management and corporate sustainability, based on the AMO (Ability-Motivation-Opportunity) theory. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in the study. A 5-point Likert-type questionnaire was used to collect data from both public and private banks. The study's sample consisted of participants holding various positions in the banking sector. A total of 151 participants responded to the questionnaire. The survey data were analyzed and interpreted using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 and PROCESS Macro (Study 1). To support the quantitative study, content analysis was conducted by coding the sustainability reports of the same banks. The findings suggest that both private and public banks can benefit from implementing GHRM initiatives, albeit with some differences based on their organizational characteristics.
The crystal structure of 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one, C18H14N4O
Authors: Liu Sheng-Jie , Zhang Ying , Yuan Lin , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2024

C18H14N4O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.963(3) Å, b = 12.629(5) Å, c = 30.116(11) Å, V = 3,028.3(19) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0475, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1444, T = 296(2) K.
Transformer-based approaches for neuroimaging: an in-depth review of their role in classification and regression tasks
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Sun Shen , Lin Lan , Wu Yutong , Ma Xiangge
Published: September 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of deep learning (DL), the transformer model emerges as a formidable neural network architecture, gaining significant traction in neuroimaging-based classification and regression tasks. This paper presents an extensive examination of transformer’s application in neuroimaging, surveying recent literature to elucidate its current status and research advancement. Commencing with an exposition on the fundamental principles and structures of the transformer model and its variants, this review navigates through the methodologies and experimental findings pertaining to their utilization in neuroimage classification and regression tasks. We highlight the transformer model’s prowess in neuroimaging, showcasing its exceptional performance in classification endeavors while also showcasing its burgeoning potential in regression tasks. Concluding with an assessment of prevailing challenges and future trajectories, this paper proffers insights into prospective research directions. By elucidating the current landscape and envisaging future trends, this review enhances comprehension of transformer’s role in neuroimaging tasks, furnishing valuable guidance for further inquiry.
THE EFFECT OF PACKAGING METHODS AND STORAGE TEMPERATURES ON THE ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF MALATYA CHEESE
Authors: Yaşar Doğan , Köse Şenol
Published: September 2024

This study analyzed the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of traditionally produced Malatya cheeses made from cow's milk. Cheeses were ripened either in brine using plastic drums or in dry salted polyethylene bags at 7 and 20°C for 120 days. Results showed that cheeses ripened in polyethylene had higher TPC and antioxidant activity compared to those in plastic drums. The highest TPC and antioxidant activity were found in water-soluble extracts from the dry salted samples ripened at 20°C for 120 days, while the lowest were in cheeses ripened in brine at 7°C for just 2 days. The antimicrobial activity was tested against two bacteria using an agar well diffusion technique, but no antimicrobial effects were observed. Overall, the findings suggest that salting methods, ripening times, and temperatures significantly influence the TPC and antioxidant activity of Malatya cheeses.
DERİN ÖTEKTİK ÇÖZÜCÜLERİN PORTAKAL KABUĞUNDAN BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: Kutlu Kantar Naciye , Hacıbektaşoğlu Hanife
Published: September 2024

Atık değerlendirme kapsamında en önemli meyve atıklarından biri olan portakal kabuğuna alternatif kullanım alanı oluşturmak adına bu çalışma planlanmıştır. Çalışmada, öncelikle organik çözücülerin (etanol, metanol ve su) yerine alternatif olabilecek farklı tipte derin ötektik çözücüler kullanılarak ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi eşliğinde portakal kabuğu ekstraktları hazırlanmış olup bu ekstraktların biyoaktif bileşik içerikleri (toplam fenolik bileşik, toplam flavonoit bileşik, antioksidan aktivite ve bireysel fenolik bileşik profili) değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, derin ötektik çözücülerin en yüksek toplam flavonoit madde ve antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin sağlanmasında istatistiksel olarak etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bireysel fenolik bileşik profili incelendiğinde en baskın bileşenin hesperidin olduğu görülmüş ve en yüksek değere kolin klorür:gliserol (1:2) kombinasyonu ile ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçta derin ötektik çözücülerin portakal kabuğundan fitokimyasal bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonunda organik çözücülere alternatif olabildikleri saptanmıştır.
Long COVID in Children: A Call for Paying More Attention
Authors: Limal Clément
Published: September 2024

Long COVID in pediatric patients has lately attracted the interest of healthcare professionals and researchers around. Children, although typically less susceptible to severe sickness caused by the virus, can still have enduring symptoms such as weariness, impaired concentration, and respiratory problems long after their first infection. Acknowledging and dealing with these persistent consequences is essential to guaranteeing the general health and welfare of pediatric patients. Healthcare practitioners need to dedicate more focus to the phenomena of Long COVID in children, undertaking additional research to comprehend its frequency, risk factors, and best therapies. By enhancing knowledge and executing customized interventions for those impacted, we can more effectively facilitate the process of recovery and enhance results for this susceptible group.
Opting for COVID-19 Vaccine: Yes versus No
Authors: Han David
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 vaccine has unquestionably provided a multitude of advantages in the fight against the global pandemic. The virus has resulted in a substantial decrease in infection rates, hospitalizations, and fatalities as a result of its successful development and distribution. Individuals can contribute to the collective effort to attain herd immunity and end the spread of COVID-19 by receiving the vaccine, which will protect them and those around them. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize a few of the vaccine’s downsides. These may encompass temporary side effects, such as muscle soreness or fatigue, as well as concerns regarding the long-term effectiveness and potential unforeseen risks. The COVID-19 vaccine is a critical weapon in the fight against this unprecedented public health crisis, as the benefits of receiving it far outweigh any potential risks, despite the drawbacks.