bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunlight‐Reduced Graphene Oxides as Sensitive Moisture Sensors for Smart Device Design
Authors: Han Dong‐Dong , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Ma Jia‐Nan , Liu Yan , Mao Jiang‐Wei , Han Chang‐Hao , Jiang Kai , Zhao Hong‐Ran , Zhang Tong , Xu Huai‐Liang , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: May 2017

Here, a facile fabrication of graphene‐based humidity sensors is reported for smart device design. Focused sunlight photoreduction of graphene oxide (GO) helps to remove most of the oxygen‐containing groups on GO sheets, which not only recovers their conductivity but also leads to the formation of a highly porous nanostructure, enabling the manufacture of versatile humidity‐sensing smart devices, such as moisture controllers, humidity detector robots, and even a novel electronic harmonica, through a very simple technique. As an uncomplicated and chemical‐free method, focused sunlight photoreduction of GO provides an avenue to produce versatile sensing devices for the development of smart devices.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylation of Benzofurazans at the C‐4 Position
Authors: Idris Imane , Derridj Fazia , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri
Published: May 2017

The palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of benzofurazans with aryl bromides to access 4‐arylbenzofurazans proceeds in moderate‐to‐high yields using phosphine‐free palladium acetate as the catalyst and potassium acetate as an inexpensive base. A wide variety of (hetero)aryl bromides, including bromopyridine and bromothiophene derivatives has been successfully employed. Palladium‐catalyzed one‐pot C‐4,C‐7‐diarylation of benzofurazan was also achieved using a larger amount of aryl bromide. Moreover, the derivatization of 4‐arylbenzofurazans into 4‐arylquinaxolines is also reported.

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Molecularly imprinted fluorescent probe based on hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for the detection of methamidophos in fruit and vegetables
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Liu Qiurui , Kong Feifan , Qiao Xuguang , Xu Zhixiang
Published: May 2017

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)‐fluorescent probe based on hydrophobic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS@MIP) was designed and synthesized by bulk polymerization for detecting methamidophos (MAP). The CdSe/ZnS@MIP was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetric analysis and adsorption properties, and it exhibited good adsorption capacity and fluorescent stability, and excellent selectivity. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence showed a good linear decrease in the range of 3.50 × 10−7–0.71 × 10−3 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. The limit of detection of the fluorescent probe was 9.16 × 10−8 mol/L, and the relative standard deviation of the method for nine replicate analyses of 4.0 × 10−6 mol/L MAP was 4.1%. Apple and pear samples spiked with MAP at three levels were extracted and determined by the presented method with good recoveries (89.7%–94.9%). The accuracy of the method was verified by gas chromatography for the detection of kidney beans, leek and cucumber samples, and no significant difference was observed for the results of two methods.
Conduction Electrohydrodynamics with Mobile Electrodes: A Novel Actuation System for Untethered Robots
Authors: Cacucciolo Vito , Shigemune Hiroki , Cianchetti Matteo , Laschi Cecilia , Maeda Shingo
Published: May 2017

Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) refers to the direct conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy of a fluid. Through the use of mobile electrodes, this principle is exploited in a novel fashion for designing and testing a millimeter‐scale untethered robot, which is powered harvesting the energy from an external electric field. The robot is designed as an inverted sail‐boat, with the thrust generated on the sail submerged in the liquid. The diffusion constant of the robot is experimentally computed, proving that its movement is not driven by thermal fluctuations, and then its kinematic and dynamic responses are characterized for different applied voltages. The results show the feasibility of using EHD with mobile electrodes for powering untethered robots and provide new evidences for the further development of this actuation system for both mobile robots and compliant actuators in soft robotics.
How Robust Are Studies in the American Board of Emergency Medicine Maintenance of Certification Lifelong Learning and Self‐assessment? An Examination of Fragility and Bias of Included Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Davis Philip J. , Butler Michael , Magee Kirk , Thoma Brent , Nickson Christopher P. , Trueger N. Seth
Published: May 2017

Objective

Critics have raised concerns regarding the validity of maintenance of certification (MOC) programs. We sought to examine the quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) selected for the lifelong learning and self‐assessment (LLS) component of the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) MOC program.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the ABEM LLS reading lists from 2004 to 2017 to identify RCTs with dichotomous outcomes and superiority designs. A fragility index (FI) was calculated using Fisher's exact test for all statistically significant dichotomous outcomes. Bivariate correlation was performed to examine associations between the FI and RCT study characteristics. Each included study was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration risk‐of‐bias (ROB) tool.

Results

Thirteen superiority RCTs with dichotomous outcomes were included in the 2004–2017 LLS reading lists. Ten had a statistically significant outcome, and the majority were robust and at low ROB. The median trial size was 511 patients (interquartile range [IQR] = 251–1,517), and the median FI was 10 (IQR = 7–18); i.e., if 10 patients in the treatment arm had not had events, the results would not have been statistically significant.

Conclusions

The majority of RCTs included in the LLS are robust and at low ROB.
Pre‐fibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis vs. WHO‐defined essential thrombocythemia: The impact of minor clinical diagnostic criteria on the outcome of the disease
Authors: Jeryczynski Georg , Thiele Jürgen , Gisslinger Bettina , Wölfler Albert , Schalling Martin , Gleiß Andreas , Burgstaller Sonja , Buxhofer‐Ausch Veronika , Sliwa Thamer , Schlögl Ernst , Geissler Klaus , Krauth Maria‐Theresa , Nader Alexander , Vesely Michael , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Müllauer Leonhard , Beham‐Schmid Christine , Gisslinger Heinz
Published: May 2017

The 2016 revised WHO criteria for the diagnosis of pre‐fibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis (pre‐PMF) require at least one of the following four borderline expressed minor clinical criteria: anemia, leukocytosis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and splenomegaly. In this study, we evaluated the relative frequency of these four criteria in a group of 170 pre‐PMF patients and compared them to 225 ET cases. More than 91% of pre‐PMF cases showed one or more of these features required for diagnosis, by contrast with only 48% of ET patients. According to clinical data the cumulative risk of progression to advanced/overt PMF in pre‐PMF was 36.9% after 15 years. After fitting cox regression models to analyze the impact of the minor criteria on overall survival, only leukocytosis remained as a significant predictor of survival in both pre‐PMF and ET. Molecular characterization showed differences in survival in pre‐PMF but not ET, with CALR being a more favorable mutation than JAK2. The different outcome of pre‐PMF versus ET and associated molecular genetic data supports the concept of two different entities, rather than a continuum of the same disease. Although slightly less than 50% of ET patients also show one or more minor clinical criteria, accurate distinction between ET and pre‐PMF is possible by following an integrated approach including histomorphological diagnosis and presence of minor clinical criteria.
Superior Alkylating Agents for Bulky Esters/Ketones via Strontium‐Mediated Barbier‐Type Reaction
Authors: Ohmura Satoshi D. , Miyazaki Yasuaki , Kanehiro Daisuke , Yamaguchi Yuka , Kitakata Saki , Tateda Sawa , Nishizawa Takahiro , Shimoda Ryosuke , Nagaoka Gen , Ueno Masaharu , Miyoshi Norikazu
Published: May 2017

An efficient method has been developed for the Barbier‐type alkylation reaction of bulky esters or ketones in the presence of metallic strontium and alkyl iodides. The reaction proceeded smoothly at ambient temperature to afford the fully alkylated corresponding alcohols in better yield than those obtained when using the corresponding Grignard reagents. The method is especially effective for introducing isobutyl or neopentyl groups into phenyl or adamantyl skeletons.
Comparison of male conflict behavior in chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes)and bonobos(Pan paniscus), with specific regard to coalition and post‐conflict behavior
Authors: Surbeck Martin , Boesch Christophe , Girard‐Buttoz Cédric , Crockford Catherine , Hohmann Gottfried , Wittig Roman M.
Published: May 2017

Coalitions among males during within group conflicts have a strong influence on the competitive and social environment within social groups. To evaluate possible variation in the occurrence of such coalitions in our closest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, we compared male aggression and coalitionary behavior in two natural communities, one of each species, with a similar size and composition. Furthermore we compared affiliative behavior that might be related to coalition formation among males. We found higher frequencies of aggression and a greater likelihood to form coalitions during within‐group conflicts among wild male chimpanzees at Taï compared to wild male bonobos at LuiKotale. The species differed in the predominant sex of the male coalition partners, with male bonobos forming coalitions more often with females, while male chimpanzees formed coalitions more often with other males. Compared to male bonobos, male chimpanzees showed higher rates of grooming and tended to reconcile more conflicts with other males. Overall our results showed lower frequencies of reconciliation among bonobos than those described in captivity and at artificial feeding sites. These findings add to the evidence that male cooperation and conflict resolution are potentially very different in bonobos and chimpanzees, despite the fact that these two species are closely related, live in multi‐male, multi‐female communities with a high degree of fission‐fusion dynamics and have female‐biased migration patterns. Given the correlation between aggressive, cooperative and some affiliative patterns within the species in our study, we hypothesize that the fitness benefits of male relationships are greater in chimpanzees compared to bonobos.
Structural Basis for Copper–Oxygen Mediated C−H Bond Activation by the Formylglycine‐Generating Enzyme
Authors: Meury Marcel , Knop Matthias , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: May 2017

The formylglycine‐generating enzyme (FGE) is a unique copper protein that catalyzes oxygen‐dependent C−H activation. We describe 1.66 Å‐ and 1.28 Å‐resolution crystal structures of FGE from Thermomonospora curvata in complex with either AgI or CdII providing definitive evidence for a high‐affinity metal‐binding site in this enzyme. The structures reveal a bis‐cysteine linear coordination of the monovalent metal, and tetrahedral coordination of the bivalent metal. Similar coordination changes may occur in the active enzyme as a result of CuI/II redox cycling. Complexation of copper atoms by two cysteine residues is common among copper‐trafficking proteins, but is unprecedented for redox‐active copper enzymes or synthetic copper catalysts.
Reversing Polarity: Carbonyl α‐Aminations with Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: de la Torre Aurélien , Tona Veronica , Maulide Nuno
Published: May 2017

The synthesis of α‐amino carbonyl compounds is an important challenge in synthesis en route to biologically essential structures. While classical approaches involve the use of enol or enolate chemistries in combination with an electrophilic source of nitrogen, those strategies usually necessitate further transformations to reach the desired targets. In recent years, a new approach arose involving the direct use of nucleophilic sources of nitrogen along with an oxidant. This approach advantageously leads, in one‐pot, to the biologically relevant α‐amino compound without requiring further transformation. This review highlights the recent advances in the emerging field of oxidative α‐amination reactions using nucleophilic sources of nitrogen.
Black Tungsten Nitride as a Metallic Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting Operable at up to 765 nm
Authors: Wang Yu Lei , Nie Ting , Li Yu Hang , Wang Xue Lu , Zheng Li Rong , Chen Ai Ping , Gong Xue Qing , Yang Hua Gui
Published: May 2017

Semiconductor photocatalysts are hardly employed for overall water splitting beyond 700 nm, which is due to both thermodynamic aspects and activation barriers. Metallic materials as photocatalysts are known to overcome this limitation through interband transitions for creating electron–hole pairs; however, the application of metallic photocatalysts for overall water splitting has never been fulfilled. Black tungsten nitride is now employed as a metallic photocatalyst for overall water splitting at wavelengths of up to 765 nm. Experimental and theoretical results together confirm that metallic properties play a substantial role in exhibiting photocatalytic activity under red‐light irradiation for tungsten nitride. This work represents the first red‐light responsive photocatalyst for overall water splitting, and may open a promising venue in searching of metallic materials as efficient photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
Study on thermal oxidative stabilization reactions of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) copolymers synthesized at different polymerization stages
Authors: Fu Zhongyu , Liu Baijun , Zhang Huixuan
Published: May 2017

The structural evolution of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐itaconic acid) (PAI) copolymers synthesized at different polymerization stages during thermal oxidative stabilization (TOS) are quantitatively tracked by the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technology. The evolution of β‐amino nitrile and conjugated nitrile are quantitatively tracked by peak‐fitting technique during TOS. A procedure is developed to get the fine information of TOS reactions, especially to value qualitatively the length of cyclic or ladder structures. There is no distinguished difference of structural evolution of PAI copolymers synthesized at different polymerization stages during TOS process. The length of cyclic or ladder structures for all PAI copolymers possesses almost the same values and decreases gradually as the TOS proceeding. The termination of cyclization and the oxidative dehydrogenation become dominant in the late of TOS process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45245.
Benzimidazole Scaffold as Anticancer Agent: Synthetic Approaches and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Shrivastava Neelima , Naim Mohd. Javed , Alam Md. Jahangir , Nawaz Farah , Ahmed Shujauddin , Alam Ozair
Published: May 2017

Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasm, is a dreadful disease which involves abnormal cell growth having the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Benzimidazole is an organic compound that is heterocyclic and aromatic in nature. It is a bicyclic compound formed by the fusion of the benzene and imidazole ring systems. It is an important pharmacophore and a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. According to the World Health Organisation (2015 survey), one in six deaths is due to cancer around the globe, accounting for 8.8 million deaths of which 70% of the cases were from low‐ and middle‐income countries. In the efforts to develop suitable anticancer drugs, medicinal chemists have focussed on benzimidazole derivatives. This review article covers the current development of benzimidazole‐based anticancer agents along with the synthetic approaches and structure–activity relationships (SAR).
Glycated human albumin alters mitochondrial respiration in preadipocyte 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Baret Pascal , Le Sage Fanny , Planesse Cynthia , Meilhac Olivier , Devin Anne , Bourdon Emmanuel , Rondeau Philippe
Published: May 2017

Diabetes and obesity are strongly associated with increased levels of circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These two molecular phenomena affect the physiology of adipose tissue, a biological driver of the metabolic syndrome, leading to an inflammatory profile and insulin resistance, which could contribute to obesity/diabetes‐associated complications, such as cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the impact of AGEs on mitochondrial bioenergetics in murine preadipocyte cells (3T3‐L1) and cellular redox homeostasis. We show that incubation of preadipocytes with AGEs stimulates mitochondrial activity and respiration while inducing oxidative stress. This AGE‐induced intracellular ROS production was blocked by diphenylene iodonium, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor. In parallel, antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were found to be activated upon AGE treatment. Our results suggest that AGE‐induced oxidative stress is generated by NAD(P)H oxidase and leads to a cellular proliferation arrest associated with enhanced mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, and with increased levels of ROS‐detoxifying enzymes, as well. These new data show how AGEs may be involved in hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative damage in preadipocytes and their potential links to diabetes progression. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):577–592, 2017
Naringenin‐responsive riboswitch‐based fluorescent biosensor module for Escherichia coli co‐cultures
Authors: Xiu Yu , Jang Sungho , Jones J. Andrew , Zill Nicholas A. , Linhardt Robert J. , Yuan Qipeng , Jung Gyoo Yeol , Koffas Mattheos A. G.
Published: May 2017

The ability to design and construct combinatorial synthetic metabolic pathways has far exceeded our capacity for efficient screening and selection of the resulting microbial strains. The need for high‐throughput rapid screening techniques is of upmost importance for the future of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Here we describe the development of an RNA riboswitch‐based biosensor module with dual fluorescent reporters, and demonstrate a high‐throughput flow cytometry‐based screening method for identification of naringenin over producing Escherichia coli strains in co‐culture. Our efforts helped identify a number of key operating parameters that affect biosensor performance, including the selection of promoter and linker elements within the sensor‐actuator domain, and the effect of host strain, fermentation time, and growth medium on sensor dynamic range. The resulting biosensor demonstrates a high correlation between specific fluorescence of the biosensor strain and naringenin titer produced by the second member of the synthetic co‐culture system. This technique represents a novel application for synthetic microbial co‐cultures and can be expanded from naringenin to any metabolite if a suitable riboswitch is identified. The co‐culture technique presented here can be applied to a variety of target metabolites in combination with the SELEX approach for aptamer design. Due to the compartmentalization of the two genetic constructs responsible for production and detection into separate cells and application as independent modules of a synthetic microbial co‐culture we have subsequently reduced the need for re‐optimization of the producer module when the biosensor is replaced or removed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2235–2244. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leaping‐in and leaping‐ahead: A hermeneutic phenomenological study of being‐responsible in psychotherapeutic supervision
Authors: Glover Rita , Philbin Mark
Published: May 2017

Aims

Psychotherapeutic supervision is a human‐to‐human encounter in which counsellors and psychotherapists regularly present their client case work. There are multiple theoretical and practical perspectives about what supervision is and how to do it. Yet, little is known about the day‐to‐day lived experiences of psychotherapeutic supervisors. This article reports on a key finding from a Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological research study which was concerned with uncovering what it is really like being a psychotherapeutic supervisor. Participants told many stories about experiences of heightened responsibility. They recounted how experiences of anxiety in specific supervisory encounters were intertwined with burdensome experiences of responsibility. Existing theories, practices and prescribed ethical guidelines on managing supervisory responsibility were of limited assistance to supervisors grappling with troubling supervisory experiences. Instead, to cope with the burden of responsibility, psychotherapeutic supervisors had common human experiences of ‘leaping‐in and leaping‐ahead’ of their supervisees, leading to hidden and unintended consequences for supervisees and supervisors.

Conclusions

Responsibility is inescapable in supervisory encounters and is fuelled by a mood of anxiety. The phenomenon of responsibility could be rendered more intelligible, in supervision consultation, by privileging, uncovering and dwelling in psychotherapeutic supervisors’ day‐to‐day lived experience of being‐responsible, while being mindful of what we already know about responsible supervisory practice.
The effects of virtual human's spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR
Authors: Kim Kangsoo , Maloney Divine , Bruder Gerd , Bailenson Jeremy N. , Welch Gregory F.
Published: May 2017

In augmented reality, people can feel the illusion of virtual humans (VHs) integrated into a real (physical) space. However, affordances of the real world and virtual contents might conflict, for example, when the VHs and real objects “collide” by occupying the same space. This implausible conflict can cause a break in presence in real–virtual human interactions. In this paper, we address an effort to avoid this conflict by maintaining the VH's spatial and behavioral coherence with respect to the physical objects or events (e.g., natural occlusions and appropriate help‐requesting behaviors to avoid implausible physical–virtual collisions). We present a human subject experiment examining the effects of the physical–virtual coherence on human perceptions, such as social/copresence and behaviors with the VH. The basic ideas, experimental design, and results supporting the benefit of the VH's spatial and behavioral coherence are presented and discussed.
Supervised coordinate descent method with a 3D bilinear model for face alignment and tracking
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Shuang , Yang Xiaosong , Zhang Jianjun , Shi Daming
Published: May 2017

Face alignment and tracking play important roles in facial performance capture. Existing data‐driven methods for monocular videos suffer from large variations of pose and expression. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust method for this task by introducing a novel supervised coordinate descent method with 3D bilinear representation. Instead of learning the mapping between the whole parameters and image features directly with a cascaded regression framework in current methods, we learn individual sets of parameters mappings separately step by step by a coordinate descent mean. Because different parameters make different contributions to the displacement of facial landmarks, our method is more discriminative to current whole‐parameter cascaded regression methods. Benefiting from a 3D bilinear model learned from public databases, the proposed method can handle the head pose changes and extreme expressions out of plane better than other 2D‐based methods. We present the reliable result of face tracking under various head poses and facial expressions on challenging video sequences collected online. The experimental results show that our method outperforms state‐of‐art data‐driven methods.
3D skeleton‐based action recognition by representing motion capture sequences as 2D‐RGB images
Authors: Laraba Sohaib , Brahimi Mohammed , Tilmanne Joëlle , Dutoit Thierry
Published: May 2017

In recent years, 3D skeleton‐based action recognition has become a popular technique of action classification, thanks to development and availability of cheaper depth sensors. State‐of‐the‐art methods generally represent motion sequences as high dimensional trajectories followed by a time‐warping technique. These trajectories are used to train a classification model to predict the classes of new sequences. Despite the success of these techniques in some fields, particularly when the data used are captured by a high‐precision motion capture system, action classification is still less successful than the field of image classification, especially with the advance of deep learning. In this paper, we present a new representation of motion sequences (Seq2Im—for sequence to image), which projects motion sequences onto the RGB domain. The 3D coordinates of joints are mapped to red, green, and blue values, and therefore, action classification becomes an image classification problem and algorithms for this field can be applied. This representation was tested with basic image classification algorithms (namely, support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbor, and random forests) in addition to convolutional neural networks. Evaluation of the proposed method on standard 3D human action recognition datasets shows its potential for action recognition and outperforms most of the state‐of‐the‐art results.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2017

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid use

The link between being bullied and later use of substances
Drug‐coated balloons for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis in diabetic patients: A review of currently available scientific data
Authors: Minacapelli Alberto , Piraino Davide , Buccheri Dario , Cortese Bernardo
Published: May 2017

After the introduction of drug eluting stent (DES) the rate of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) has decreased if compared to the BMS era; however, treatment of patients with ISR remained a major issue for the interventional cardiologist. DES has been largely used with good results also as second layer for the treatment of ISR, but the overall percentage of patients suffering from restenosis still remains high, especially in some subgroups of patients as ones with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this clinical scenario, drug coated balloon (DCB) has been gaining an important role for the treatment of ISR. In fact, it allows to release an antiproliferative drug, namely paclitaxel, without the addition of a second metallic strut, which can lead to a persistent inflammatory stimulus and further narrow the vessel. This could be an advantage in patients with an already increased systemic inflammatory burden and stiffer vessels as those with DM. Despite differences in terms of efficacy and safety between DES and DCB have already been evaluated in different clinical trials, just few of these focused on diabetic patients. The aim of this paper is to review the available data for treatment of ISR both with DES, DCB, and a comparison between these two devices, in patients affected by DM. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Real‐life clinical outcomes with everolimus eluting platinum chromium stent with an abluminal biodegradable polymer in patients from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR)
Authors: Sarno Giovanna , Lagerqvist Bo , Olivecrona Göran , Varenhorst Christoph , Danielewicz Mikael , Hambraeus Kristina , Lindholm Daniel , Råmunddal Truls , Witt Nils , James Stefan
Published: May 2017

Background

No previous studies have evaluated the performance of the Synergy stent in a large real‐life population.

Objectives

To describe the initial real‐life experience with a novel everolimus eluting platinum chromium stent with abluminal biodegradable polymer (SYNERGY) in unselected patients from a nationwide registry.

Methods

All implanted Synergy stents were compared with other new generation drug eluting stents (n‐DES) with >1,000 implantations in Sweden between March 2013 and October 2015. Restenosis, definite stent thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI) and death rates were assessed using propensity score and Cox regression analyses.

Results

A total of 7,886 of Synergy stents and 64,429 other n‐DES (BioMatrix, N = 1,953; Orsiro, N = 4,946; Promus Element Plus, N= 2,543; Promus Premier, N= 20,414; Xience Xpedition, N= 7,971, Resolute/Resolute Integrity, N = 19,021; Ultimaster, N = 1,156; Resolute Onyx, N = 6,425) were implanted in 42,357 procedures.

Restenosis and stent thrombosis occurred in 642 and 314 cases, respectively, in the overall population at 1 year. The cumulative rate of restenosis (1.1% vs. 1.0%, adjusted HR: 1.24 95% CI: 0.88–1.75; P = 0.21) and ST (0.4% vs. 0.5%, adjusted HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.63–1.50; P = 0.17) up to 1 year was low in both the Synergy group and the other n‐DES group. Death occurred in 5.2% versus 4.5% (adjusted HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.96–1.36; P = 0.11) and MI in 3.2% versus 3.5%, (adjusted HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.93–1.33; P = 0.24) up to 1 year.

Conclusions

In a large real‐life population the Synergy stent appears to be safe and effective with a low rate of restenosis and ST comparable with other n‐DES. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy outcomes of 3rd generation DES in an all‐comer population of patients undergoing PCI: 12‐month and 24‐month results of the e‐Biomatrix French registry
Authors: Maupas Eric , Lipiecki Janusz , Levy Raphy , Faurie Benjamin , Karsenty Bernard , Moulichon Marc Eric , Brunelle François , Maillard Luc , de Poli Fabien , Lefèvre Thierry
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The French Ebiomatrix registry aimed to confirm the results of the Leaders trial in an all‐comer population in France.

Background

The Leaders trial showed the Biolimus‐eluting‐sent (BES) to be equivalent to the Cypher stent in terms of safety and efficacy at 1 year and superior regarding stent thrombosis after 1 year.

Methods

BES recipients were enrolled in 42 French centers with up to 24‐month clinical follow up.

Results

2365 patients were included. Mean age: 65.7 ±11.2 years, 76.1% males, 31.8% had diabetes, 36.5% ACS (28.7% non‐ST‐elevation MI and 7.8% with ST‐elevation MI). 1.7 ± 1.0 stents/patient were implanted and procedural success was 99.5%. 12‐month follow‐up was completed in 94.3% patients and 24 months in 91.4%. MACCE rates at 12 and 24 months were 5.8% and 9% (all cause‐death 1.5% and 2.2%; stent thrombosis definite/probable 0.4% and 0.6%), respectively. MACCE were not significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with non‐diabetics but cardiac death was higher (1.6% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.01 at 1 year and 1.9% vs. 0.6, P = 0.005 at 2 years) as was stent thrombosis (0.9% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.009 and 1.2 vs. 0.3% P = 0.008). Compared with non‐ACS patients, MACCE was significantly higher in the ACS subgroup (7.5% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.001 at 1 year and 10.3% vs.8.1%, P = 0.07 at 2 years).

Conclusion

In this large real‐world registry, the BES with biodegradable polymer showed excellent acute and mid‐term outcomes with a 5.8% and 9% rate of MACCE at one and 2 years and a very low rate of stent thrombosis between 1 and 2 years (0.2%), thus demonstrating the replicability of the LEADERS trial in a registry population. © 2017 The Authors Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic significance of aortic valve gradient in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Witberg Guy , Finkelstein Arik , Barbash Issi , Assali Abid , Shapira Yaron , Segev Amit , Halkin Amir , Fefer Paul , Ben‐Shoshan Jeremy , Konigstein Maayan , Sagie Alexander , Guetta Victor , Kornowski Ran , Barsheshet Alon
Published: May 2017

Objective

To evaluate the effect of baseline aortic valve gradient (AVG) both as a continuous and a categorical variable on mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), focusing on the high‐gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients.

Background

Identifying new predictors of mortality in the TAVR population can help refine risk stratification and improve the patient selection process for this procedure. So far, AVG has mainly been studied as a categorical variable and there is a paucity of data on its prognostic value as a continuous variable, especially in patients with high AVG AS, who constitute the majority of patients referred for TAVR.

Methods

We analyzed data on 1,224 consecutive symptomatic severe AS patients, who underwent TAVR at 3 centers. The relation between pre‐TAVR AVG and mortality was evaluated among all patients and in patients with high AVGs (mean AVG ≥40 mm Hg) using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for multiple variables.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 1.8 years, baseline AVG was inversely associated with mortality in the entire cohort and in patients with high AVG AS. By multivariable analysis, patients with mean AVG 40–60 mm Hg and >60 mm Hg had a respective 38% (P = 0.010) and 61% (P < 0.001) reduction in mortality compared to patients with mean AVG <40 mm Hg. Every 10 mm Hg increase in mean AVG was associated with 20% reduction in mortality (P < 0.001). Analyses among patients with high (mean AVG >40 mm Hg) and very high AVG AS (mean AVG >60 mm Hg) yielded similar results (HR = 0.88, P = 0.031, and HR = 0.80, P = 0.019, per 10 mm Hg increase in AVG, respectively). Using peak AVGs and an analysis restricted to patients without reduced ejection fraction yielded consistent results.

Conclusions

Baseline AVGs show an inverse association with mortality post‐TAVR. These results were consistent also in patients with high‐gradient AS, suggesting that AVG can be used to identify patients most likely to benefit from TAVR.
Percutaneous thoracic aortic aneurysm repair through transcaval aortic access
Authors: Fanari Zaher , Hammami Sumaya , Goswami Nilesh J. , Goldstein Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2017

Transcaval aortic access has been used for deployment of transcatheter aortic valves in patients in whom conventional arterial approaches are not feasible. This access can be vital in other situation when large bore access is needed. We described a case of 65‐year‐old man who had large thoracic descending aortic aneurysm with diffuse bilateral iliac disease precluding the arterial access required for the procedure. The patient underwent successful transcaval access with placement of 22‐Fr balloon expandable sheath followed with successful deployments of 32 mm × 32 mm × 150 mm Valiant stent graft (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). The aorto‐vena cava tract was closed successfully using 12 × 10 PDA occluder device with no residual flow at the end of the case, which was confirmed on repeated CT next day.
Mesoporous and Skeletal Molybdenum Carbide for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Diatomite‐Type Structure and Formation Mechanism
Authors: Wang Yangxia , Shi Zhangping , Mo Qijie , Gao Boxu , Liu Bolun , Wang Lei , Zhang Yahong , Gao Qingsheng , Tang Yi
Published: May 2017

Molybdenum carbide (MoCx) has generated mounting attentions as noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, triggered by the strategy of organic‐inorganic hybrid oriented transformation in nature, we attempt to prepare a diatomite‐type mesostructured MoCx electrocatalyst via the solid‐state reaction between MoOx/DMF hybrid precursor and β‐cyclodextrin. Benefiting from the occurrence of the designed individual “mesoskeleton‐forming” and “MoCx‐generating” processes during pyrolysis, we successfully harvest the targeted electrocatalyst with mesostructural skeleton composed of inter‐connected MoCx nanoparticles (∼20 nm) and nanorod‐like morphology inheriting from its hybrid precursor. This crosslinked mesostructure can not only greatly decrease the diffusion resistance of reactants/products and promote the exposure of active sites, but also efficiently decrease the contact electrical resistance between neighboring MoCx nanoparticles. Importantly, the heterostructure of Mo2C and MoC on the nanorod is tunable in the synthesis process, which is proved to be favorable for the promoted HER performance in both acid and alkaline media. The strategy for synthesizing such nanostructures may open up new avenues for developing mesoskeletal materials
Synthesis of Benzodihydrofurans by Asymmetric C−H Insertion Reactions of Donor/Donor Rhodium Carbenes
Authors: Lamb Kellan N. , Squitieri Richard A. , Chintala Srinivasa R. , Kwong Ada J. , Balmond Edward I. , Soldi Cristian , Dmitrenko Olga , Castiñeira Reis Marta , Chung Ryan , Addison J. Bennett , Fettinger James C. , Hein Jason E. , Tantillo Dean J. , Fox Joseph M. , Shaw Jared T.
Published: May 2017

Metal carbenes appended with two electron‐donating groups, known as “donor/donor” carbenes, undergo diastereo‐ and enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed C−H insertion reactions with ether substrates to form benzodihydrofurans. Unlike the reactions of metal carbenes with electron‐withdrawing groups attached, the attenuated electrophilicity enables these reactions to be conducted in Lewis basic solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) and in the presence of water. The diazo precursors for these species are prepared in situ from hydrazone using a mild and chemoselective oxidant (MnO2). Although this sequence often can be performed in one‐pot, control experiments have elucidated why a “two‐pot” process is often more efficient. A thorough screening of achiral catalysts demonstrated that sterically encumbered catalysts are optimal for diastereoselective reactions. Although efficient insertion into allylic and propargylic C−H bonds is observed, competing dipolar cycloaddition processes are noted for some substrates. The full substrate scope of this useful method of benzodihydrofuran synthesis, mechanisms of side reactions, and computational support for the origins of stereoselectivity are described.
Stereospecific Winding of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons into Trinacria Propellers
Authors: Mosca Dario , Stopin Antoine , Wouters Johan , Demitri Nicola , Bonifazi Davide
Published: May 2017

The stereospecific trimerization of enantiomerically pure binaphthols with hexakis(bromomethyl)benzene gives access in one step to enantiomerically pure molecular propellers, in which three binaphthyl rings are held together with dioxecine rings. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that three out the six naphthyl moieties are folded in a (EF)3‐type arrangement held by three intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. This slips outward the three remaining naphthyl rings in a blade‐like fashion, just like in three‐folded propeller components. This peculiar conformation shows striking similarity to the mythological Sicilian symbol of Trinacria, from which the name “trinacria propeller” derives. The propeller conformation is also preserved in chlorinated solutions, as displayed by the presence of a peak at 4.7 ppm typical of an aromatic proton resonance engaged in a C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction. The denaturation of the propeller‐like conformation is obtained at high temperature, corresponding to activation energy for the ring inversion of ca. 18.2 kcal mol−1. Notably, halide‐functionalized molecular propellers exposing I‐atoms at the leading and trailing edges could be prepared stereo‐ and regiospecifically by choosing the relevant iodo‐bearing BINOL derivative.
Absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in several water types
Authors: Al‐Hindi Mahmoud , Azizi Fouad
Published: May 2017

This study investigated the effect of water type on the rate of CO2 transfer from/to an aqueous phase with varying degree of water salinity. The absorption and desorption experiments were conducted on reverse osmosis product, brackish well, and brackish water reverse osmosis reject waters as well as seawater in a mechanically agitated tank. Results show that the direction of mass transfer has a major impact on the value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kLa, with the absorption experiments always rendering higher values. Furthermore, kLa values always decreased with salinity in both absorption and desorption experiments until a certain critical salinity value was reached, beyond which mass transfer increased again. However, kLa values were found to decrease continuously with an increase in the water alkalinity in absorption experiments, while no clear conclusion could be drawn for the alkalinity effect in the case of desorption experiments. These observations suggest that the effect of alkalinity should be further investigated to elucidate its impact along with the salinity on the volumetric mass transfer rate.
Cover Picture: Improving the Catalytic Activity of Au25 Nanocluster by Peeling and Doping (Chin. J. Chem. 5/2017)
Authors: Li Man‐bo , Tian Shi‐kai , Wu Zhikun
Published: May 2017

The cover picture shows the structure transformation from a well‐known gold nanocluster Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 (Au25 for short) to a novel cadmium doped gold nanocluster [Au13Cd2(PPh3)6(SC2H4Ph)6(NO3)2]2Cd(NO3)4 (Au26Cd5 for short) by a combined peeling and doping process. Although the mother nanocluster Au25 is inactive, the as‐prepared Au26Cd5 exhibits high catalytic activity, as well as good recyclability and substrate tolerance at room temperature. The high catalytic activity is attributed to the cooperation between the exerted cadmium atoms and the neighbor gold atoms in the Au13 icosahedron based on some experimental results. More details are discussed in the article by Wu et al. on page 567–571.

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Predictive value of inflammatory factors on contrast‐induced acute kidney injury in patients who underwent an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yuan Ying , Qiu Hong , Hu Xiaoying , Luo Tong , Gao Xiaojin , Zhao Xueyan , Zhang Jun , Wu Yuan , Qiao Shubin , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin
Published: May 2017

Background

Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is one of the most serious complications in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), especially in those with acute coronary syndrome. It has been shown that inflammation may play an important role in the pathophysiology of CI‐AKI.

Hypothesis

Inflammatory factors may play a predominant role in the prediction of CI‐AKI in patients who undergo emergency PCI.

Methods

Patients who underwent emergency PCI from 2013 to 2015 were consecutively enrolled and were divided into CI‐AKI and non–CI‐AKI groups. Logistic analysis was used to identify the risk factors of CI‐AKI. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the area under the curve (AUC) and to establish the optimal cutoff.

Results

A total of 1061 patients were included, and the CI‐AKI rate was 5.47% (58/1061). Logistic analysis showed that the white blood cell (WBC) count (odds ratio [OR]: 1.103, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.018‐1.195, P = 0.016), neutrophil (N) count (OR: 1.134, 95% CI: 1.045‐1.232, P = 0.003), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR: 1.105, 95% CI: 1.044‐1.169, P = 0.001), C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.001‐1.011, P = 0.020), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) level (OR: 1.099, 95% CI: 1.020‐1.184, P = 0.013), and big endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) level (OR: 4.030, 95% CI: 1.989‐8.165, P < 0.001) were all significant predictors for CI‐AKI, as was the left ventricular ejection fraction and diuretic administration. The AUC of the big ET‐1 level was the highest (0.793, 95% CI: 0.733‐0.853), followed by the NLR (0.708, 95% CI: 0.641‐0.774), hs‐CRP level (0.705, 95% CI: 0.627‐0.782), CRP level (0.684, 95% CI: 0.607‐0.761), N count (0.655, 95% CI: 0.584‐0.726), WBC count (0.620, 95% CI: 0.544‐0.695), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (0.611, 95% CI: 0.527‐0.695).

Conclusions

The WBC count, N count, NLR, CRP level, hs‐CRP level, and big ET‐1 level are all associated with an increased risk of CI‐AKI, and among which, the big ET‐1 level, NLR, and the hs‐CRP level might have high predictive value for CI‐AKI after an emergency PCI.
Mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance to molecularly targeted therapy for melanoma
Authors: Lim Su Yin , Menzies Alexander M. , Rizos Helen
Published: May 2017

The identification of driver mutations in melanoma has changed the field of cancer treatment. BRAF and NRAS mutations are predominant in melanoma and lead to overactivation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Selective inhibitors targeting key effectors of the MAPK pathway have revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic BRAF‐mutant melanoma. However, resistance to therapy is almost universal and remains a major challenge in clinical care, with the majority of patients progressing within 1 year. Dissecting the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies may offer new insights into strategies for overcoming resistance. This review describes the efficacy of therapies targeting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in melanoma, details the mechanisms contributing to drug resistance, and discusses current approaches to improving outcomes further. Cancer 2017;123:2118‐29. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Adoptive T cell therapy: An overview of obstacles and opportunities
Authors: Baruch Erez Nissim , Berg Amy Lauren , Besser Michal Judith , Schachter Jacob , Markel Gal
Published: May 2017

The therapeutic potential of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in cancer patients was first acknowledged 3 decades ago, but it was an esoteric approach at the time. In recent years, technological advancements have transformed ACT into a viable therapeutic option that can be curative in some patients. In fact, current ACT response rates are 80% to 90% for hematological malignancies and 30% for metastatic melanoma refractory to multiple lines of therapy. Although these results are encouraging, there is still much to be done to fulfill ACT's potential, specifically with regard to improving clinical efficacy, expanding clinical indications, reducing toxicity, and increasing production and cost‐effectiveness. This review addresses the current major obstacles to ACT and presents potential solutions. Cancer 2017;123:2154‐62. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Interaction of molecular alterations with immune response in melanoma
Authors: Szczepaniak Sloane Robert A. , Gopalakrishnan Vancheswaran , Reddy Sangeetha M. , Zhang Xue , Reuben Alexandre , Wargo Jennifer A.
Published: May 2017

Major advances have been made in melanoma treatment with the use of molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and numerous regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with stage IV disease. However, therapeutic resistance remains an issue to both classes of agents, and reliable biomarkers of therapeutic response and resistance are lacking. Mechanistic insights are being gained through preclinical studies and translational research, offering potential strategies to enhance responses and survival in treated patients. A comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of common mutations at play in melanoma is critical, as is an appreciation of the molecular mechanisms contributing to therapeutic resistance to immunotherapy. These mechanisms and the interplay between them are discussed herein. Cancer 2017;123:2130‐42. © 2017 American Cancer Society.