bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘See You Next Week’?
Authors: Drummond Helga
Published: September 2004

This article explores the relevance of the notion of entrapment in explaining the decline of small businesses. Entrapment refers to situations where individuals become bound to a suboptimal course of action through the passage of time. The vehicle for this exploration is a dilapidated hairdresser’s shop. By analysing the artefacts of the shop and interview data, analysis seeks to understand how and why a once successful business can reach a point of ‘no return’. What emerges suggests that whilst entrapment partly results from mixing economic and extraneous interests (‘side-bets’), the reasons may be more complex. Specifically, entrapment is distinctly risk averse and may reflect social pressures and ego-defensiveness, sustained not so much by illusion as delusion.
Knowledge Management in Malaysian Banks: A Study of Causes and Effects
Authors: Ali Hafizi M. , Yusof Zawiyah M.
Published: September 2004

The adoption of knowledge management (KM) practices by local commercial banks in Malaysia is perceived as the beginning of their emergence as knowledge-based institutions. Reports the results of a study aiming to identify the causes and effects of adopting KM practices among 10 local commercial banks in Malaysia. Analysis of the results confirmed that there is a relation between the causes and effects of implementing KM practices. KM equips organizations to be more competitive and provides better integration and sharing of information. Increases in knowledge sharing, both horizontally and vertically, along with increases in workers’ efficiency, appear to be common effects resulting from adopting KM practices. It is hoped that this study will encourage local banks to maximize the benefits that KM can offer.
Problems in the Study of the Transnational Business Community
Authors: Carroll William K. , Fennema Meindert
Published: September 2004

In responding to Kentor and Jang’s article, the authors point to methodological problems that have led them to underestimate the level of interlocking in their reference year (1983), and thus to exaggerate the extent of the shift towards transnational interlocking. The authors also argue that Kentor and Jang fail to adequately theorize the social processes that produce corporate interlocks, and to place the practice of interlocking within its specific historical settings. It is only on the basis of sound conceptualization, valid empirical data and detailed, contextualized analysis that the contours and character of the emerging transnational business community can be ascertained.
Prediction of Equilibria of Lifted Logarithmic Radial Potential Fields
Authors: Moon Hyungpil , Luntz Jonathan
Published: September 2004

Many distributed manipulation systems are capable of generating planar force fields which act over the entire surface of an object to manipulate it to a stable equilibrium within the field. Passive air flow and other physical phenomena naturally generate force fields through the linear superposition of logarithmically varying radial potential fields. The main advantage of these fields is that they are realizable through very simple actuation. However, they do not lend themselves to analytical prediction of net forces or equilibria. In this paper we present an efficient means of numerically computing the net force and moment exerted by such fields on objects composed of multiple simple shapes, as well as efficient means of finding equilibrium points on these fields with experimental verification. Existence conditions of stable equilibria are investigated in analytic forms and incremental searching algorithms are proposed based on existence conditions.
Manipulation Planning with Probabilistic Roadmaps
Authors: Siméon Thierry , Laumond Jean-Paul , Cortés Juan , Sahbani Anis
Published: September 2004

This paper deals with motion planning for robots manipulating movable objects among obstacles. We propose a general manipulation planning approach capable of addressing continuous sets for modeling both the possible grasps and the stable placements of the movable object, rather than discrete sets generally assumed by the previous approaches. The proposed algorithm relies on a topological property that characterizes the existence of solutions in the subspace of configurations where the robot grasps the object placed at a stable position. It allows us to devise a manipulation planner that captures in a probabilistic roadmap the connectivity of sub-dimensional manifolds of the composite configuration space. Experiments conducted with the planner in simulated environments demonstrate its efficacy to solve complex manipulation problems.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with Sparse Extended Information Filters
Authors: Thrun Sebastian , Liu Yufeng , Koller Daphne , Ng Andrew Y. , Ghahramani Zoubin , Durrant-Whyte Hugh
Published: September 2004

In this paper we describe a scalable algorithm for the simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) problem. SLAM is the problem of acquiring a map of a static environment with a mobile robot. The vast majority of SLAM algorithms are based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In this paper we advocate an algorithm that relies on the dual of the EKF, the extended information filter (EIF). We show that when represented in the information form, map posteriors are dominated by a small number of links that tie together nearby features in the map. This insight is developed into a sparse variant of the EIF, called the sparse extended information filter (SEIF). SEIFs represent maps by graphical networks of features that are locally interconnected, where links represent relative information between pairs of nearby features, as well as information about the robot’s pose relative to the map. We show that all essential update equations in SEIFs can be executed in constant time, irrespective of the size of the map. We also provide empirical results obtained for a benchmark data set collected in an outdoor environment, and using a multi-robot mapping simulation.
The Use of Pornography during the Commission of Sexual Offenses
Authors: Langevin Ron , Curnoe Suzanne
Published: September 2004

The goal of this study was to examine the use of pornographic materials by sex offenders during the commission of their crimes. A sample of 561 sex offenders was examined. There were 181 offenders against children, 144 offenders against adults, 223 incest offenders, 8 exhibitionists, and 5 miscellaneous cases. All but four cases were men. A total of 96 (17%) offenders had used pornography at the time of their offenses. More offenders against children than against adults used pornography in the offenses. Of the users, 55% showed pornographic materials to their victims and 36% took pictures, mostly of child victims. Nine cases were involved in the distribution of pornography. Results showed that pornography plays only a minor role in the commission of sexual offenses, however the current findings raise a major concern that pornography use in the commission of sexual crimes primarily involved child victims.
Developing “The Essentials of Good Citizenship and Responsibilities” in Maori Women: Family Life, Social Change, and the State in New Zealand, 1944-70
Authors: Labrum Bronwyn
Published: September 2004

New Zealand’s welfare state made unprecedented provision for the indigenous people of New Zealand. The Department of Maori Affairs employed Maori welfare officers to inculcate “the essentials of good citizenship and responsibilities” and to promote social change in a period when Maori were becoming one of the most highly urbanized indigenous peoples in the world. Female Maori welfare officers worked with women and children, devoting attention to the general standard of living of Maori families, as a “good home” was increasingly recognized as “the source of all social progress.” This article analyses some of the meanings of a “good home” and good citizenship and identifies how the particularities of this New Zealand case study illustrate a number of international trends in this period.
Preindustrial “Single-Parent” Families: The Tutelle in Early Modern Dijon
Authors: Corley Christopher
Published: September 2004

In the preindustrial world, single-parent families were most often created by the death of a spouse. This article examines maternal social authority in the wake of this everyday family crisis and attempts to recover the activities of single mothers and the legal parameters within which they lived in Dijon. The study shows that although tremendous legal restrictions were placed upon the newly widowed “single mother” in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, these women consistently tailored the legal system to maintain lines of authority over their children and property.
Making Mothers: The Advice Genre and the Domestic Ideal, 1760-1830
Authors: Popiel Jennifer J.
Published: September 2004

In part due to the transmission of ideas like those developed by Rousseau in Nouvelle Heloise and Emile, the selflessly nurturing and domestic mother displaced a distant and controlling father as the ideal parent for early childhood. Women, unlike men, were seen as uniquely capable of giving young children the love and attention that they needed to become moral adults. Advice manuals for mothers taught women how to model proper behaviors for prerational girls and boys by being self-controlled, concerned with social norms, and focused on duties, just as the children should be. This self-control, however, provided its own benefits, and this article reexamines whether nineteenth-century domesticity was as coercive as much recent scholarship assumes.
Service Learning and Teaching about Globalization
Authors: Goldstein Don
Published: September 2004

Service and activist learning (SAL) and teaching about globalization can be mutually reinforcing pedagogies. SAL combines community activity with social analysis, attracting many students who want to make the world better. Integrating globalization helps them place local problems in the context of world trade and investment policies and dynamics. Rather than feeling overwhelmed by the complexity of global processes, students explore ways of responding in their daily lives and become more effective social change advocates.
Teaching Globalization through a Gender Lens
Authors: Bergeron Suzanne
Published: September 2004

This article examines the pedagogical benefits associated with teaching globalization from a feminist perspective. In addition to its focus on the often neglected gender dimensions of globalization, the feminist approach provides a less abstract and disempowering understanding of global processes than that found in many political economy accounts. The article uses a variety of examples to show how this perspective helps students make the connection between their daily lives and these complex processes.
A New Transnational Corporate Social Structure of Accumulation for Long-Wave Upswing in the World Economy?
Authors: O’Hara Phillip Anthony
Published: September 2004

This article examines whether a new transnational corporate social structure of accumulation (SSA) has emerged in the global economy to promote long-wave upswing. It explores the main tendencies of the transnational corporate system; three main engines of potential growth; and the evidence of profitability, accumulation, productivity, and growth. Then the dominant contradictions are surveyed. Overall, a new transnational corporate SSA does not seem to be operating, and long-wave upswing is not evident for the global corporate economy.
Class Struggles and the Reinvention of American Capitalism in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Lippit Victor D.
Published: September 2004

American capitalism has changed dramatically in the last fifty years. During the 1950s, one of its principal characteristics was a capital-labor accord with workers in major industries receiving many benefits in exchange for ceding management broad rights. From 1970 to 2000, by contrast, struggles between labor and capital intensified, with capital gaining overwhelming strength. This article examines some of the principal factors involved in this process, which played a major role in the transformation of American capitalism.
A Political Economy View of ASSA Meetings: The U.S. Mexican Border
Authors: Barkin David
Published: September 2004

The URPE tour to Tijuana unveiled the social underpinnings of regional integration. Alongside the dance halls, cheap eateries, and “schlock” stores are the sexoservidoras and itinerant merchants hawking their wares. The city is privatizing public services while many of its industrial plants have moved to China. Most workers’ housing lacks basic public services, and authorities on both sides of the border refuse to implement a growth management strategy to reverse the environmental disaster that benefits powerful elites, North and South.
The Invasion Complex in Australian Political Culture
Authors: Papastergiadis Nikos
Published: September 2004

The political and social reaction to the ‘refugee crisis’ in Australia cannot be solely understood in purely geo-political or economic terms. Neither can the persistence of racism in Australian political culture be explained in terms of its electoral advantage. This article contends that the racist attitudes of the Australian Liberal Government, and John Howard in particular, hide deeper unconscious processes that are historically embedded in the national imaginary. These unconscious processes are manifested in the invasion complex which lies just below the surface of Australia’s political culture.
The Moroccan Subject in a Globalizing World
Authors: Cohen Shana
Published: September 2004

This article outlines a theory of subjectivity and social consciousness that complements prevalent debates in cultural studies about marginality and subjectivity. The article suggests that we can interpret the constitution of subjectivity sociologically as between the nation-state and global market integration. More broadly, we can think about social processes in global market capitalism through returning to class formation. The article draws upon research conducted in Morocco from 1995-97 and again in 2000-02 to illustrate social transformation in market reform.
Is the APOE ∊4 Allele a Risk to Person-Environment Fit?
Authors: Hays Judith C. , Burchett Bruce M. , Fillenbaum Gerda G. , Blazer Dan G.
Published: September 2004

This study uses Lawton’s model of “the good life” to examine whether the Apolipoprote in E-∊4 genotype functions as a risk factor not only for specific diseases but also for a misfit between elders’ personal needs and their physical and social environments. A biracial cohort of communitydwelling elders from five North Carolina Piedmont counties was assessed annually for 10 years. Six-year survivors (N = 2,076) were genotyped for this retrospective-prospective cohort study. Compared to those in whom this allele was absent, participants with the 4 allele were not different in social or residential resources, social behavioral competence, or perceived quality of resources. Exposed elders had an excess 10-year adjusted risk of institutionalization of 1.72 (95% CI = 1.29, 2.29), totally mediated by cognitive problems. The threat of the APOE 4 genotype to person-environment fit is mediated by cognitive problems, a finding that has focused but important implications for residential decision making in late life.
Coping Behaviors as Predictors of Drinking Practices among Primary in-Home Dementia Caregivers
Authors: Mjelde-Mossey Lee Ann , Barak Michal E. Mor , Knight Bob G.
Published: September 2004

This study examines the predictive value of coping behaviors in discriminating drinkers from nondrinkers among 109 primary in-home dementia caregivers. The participants were enrolled in a caregivers education project and completed comprehensive health and psychosocial assessments prior to receiving education. Coping was measured using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Questions on alcohol use were embedded in a self-administered portion of the assessment. A model testing the predictive value of coping behaviors in discriminating drinkers from nondrinkers was found to be significant (p < .0393). Caregivers who used self-controlling or distancing coping were more likely to be classified as drinkers, and those who used positive reappraisal or confrontive coping were more likely to be classified as nondrinkers. As the number of caregivers increases, gaininga greater understanding of relationships between caregiver copingand behaviors with potential for negative health and psychosocial consequences, such as alcohol use, can have useful applications in practice.
The Role of Social Engagement in Life Satisfaction: Its Significance among Older Individuals with Disease and Disability
Authors: Jang Yuri , Mortimer James A. , Haley William E. , Graves Amy R. Borenstein
Published: September 2004

The present study examines social engagement (social network and participationin social activities) and its relation to life satisfaction among 354 community-dwelling, cognitively intact older individuals (M age = 72.4 years) with different combinations of disease and disability. Specifically, the analysis focused on individuals with disease but no disability (N = 186) and those with both disease and disability (N = 168). Individuals with both disease and disability had significantly lower levels of participation in social activities and life satisfaction; however, their level of social engagement was more strongly associated with life satisfaction as compared with individuals with disease but no disability. Disabled individuals may compensate for their lower physical function by placing more emphasis on social networks and social activities. Implications for enhancing social engagement and improving the quality of life among disabled older individuals are discussed.
Care Managers as Research Interviewers: A Test of a Strategy for Gathering Consumer Satisfaction Information
Authors: Murdoch Latona D. , Kunkel Suzanne R. , Applebaum Robert A. , Straker Jane K.
Published: September 2004

Care managers from local Area Agencies on Aging, operating Ohio’s home- and community based waiver program (PASSPORT), were trained as research interviewers to collect consumer satisfaction data from clients receiving in-home services using the Home Care Satisfaction Measure (Geron, Smith, Tennstedt, Jette, Chassler, & Kasten, 2000). The data for homemaker and home health aide scales were comparable to those collected by independent research interviewers for interrater reliability and showed no significant difference between the two groups. The scores on the home-delivered meals index obtained by care managers were slightly but significantly higher than those obtained by the research interviewers. A slight, but significant, difference was found on the home-delivered meals index, although differences between most individual items were not significant. Overall, findings indicate that care managers, when appropriately trained, can collect reliable, scientifically sound data, providing a cost-effective method for collecting satisfaction information from consumers receiving in-home care.
Retirement Planning and Retirement Satisfaction: The Need for a National Retirement Program and Policy in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee William Keng Mun , Law Kenneth Wing-Kin
Published: September 2004

This study, based on a telephone survey, examines retirement planning behaviors and retirement satisfaction of 1,078 middle-aged respondents in Hong Kong. The findings show that, in general, middle-aged Hong Kong adults do little retirement planning. Retirement planning behaviors focus on a very narrow set of activities, including financial and health planning. Of the 19 planning variables, only a few were significantly related to perception of sufficiency in retirement planning and retirement satisfaction. More important, middle-aged adults in Hong Kong no longer feel that they can depend on their family for support for retirement planning or satisfaction during retirement. The lack of private and public support for retirement planning left the respondents feeling unsure as to whether they have the capability to plan sufficiently for retirement. The discussion concludes with policy implications related to assisting middle-aged individuals in planning for retirement.
Federal Labor-Management Relations for the Next Century—Or the Last?
Authors: Ferris Frank , Hyde Albert C.
Published: September 2004

In determining the future for 175,000 excepted civil servants, the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) human resources management (HRM) system must accommodate more than 20 different bargaining units representing many DHS employees. The DHS HRM design process provided for extensive consultation on numerous system options among management and labor representatives. But this consultation process under the Bush management-oriented administration is occurring in a dramatically different federal labormanagement environment than the partnership era of the Clinton administration. The article assesses the political challenges and opportunities involved and advocates four strategic change areas: (a) removing delay from the labor-management weapons arsenal, (b) reengineering the dispute process, (c) depoliticizing the labor relations and impasse regulators, and (d) rediscovering relationships in federal labor-management relations. These changes could reduce adversarialism and sustain the next era of federal labor-management relations in a federal government where excepted service is becoming the norm.
Experimental Study on Cooling a Hot Solid Surface with Water Mist
Authors: Xishi Wang , Guangxuan Liao , Weicheng Fan , Dobashi R.
Published: September 2004

In this paper, a series of experiments are performed to investigate the hot solid surface cooling with water mist under different conditions, such as different initial surface temperatures and mist characteristics (droplet size, droplet velocity, etc.), while these parameters are simultaneously varied. A 150 150 10mm 3chrome-plated stainless steel plate is heated from below by a 1500-W electric cooker continuously. A downward pressure nozzle is positioned on a square steel plate, 1000mm above the surface to inject water mist, the 0.5mm K-type thermocouples are jointed on the surface to obtain its temperature, and a TVS-2000ST Thermography is used to visualize the transient thermal behavior of a water mist and obtain the temperature distribution of the surface. The characteristics of the water mist are obtained by a modified PIVS (Particle Image Velocimetry and Sizing) technique previously. Based on the experiments, the effects of mist parameters and the initial surface temperature on droplet evaporative cooling are analyzed. Further discussion is carried out by considering the relationship between these parameters and the droplet Weber number, the results show that an inverse relationship between the cooling efficiency and mist droplet Weber number existed in this study.
An Investigation on the Flammability of Halogen-Free Fire Retardant PP–APP–EG Systems
Authors: Wei Ping , Li Haixing , Jiang Pingkai , Yu Haiyang
Published: September 2004

Both natural graphite (NG) and home-made expandable graphite (EG) were blended with polypropylene (PP) and intumescent flame retardant (IFR) by a melt process. The resulting composites contain filler of 1–5 phr (parts per hundred parts of PP–IFR). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed for the study of fire retardance. It shows that the incorporation of EG into systems of PP–IFR would impart flame retardance and thermal stability to the virgin formulation PP–IFR with optimal synergy at a loading of 2 phr, rather than the NG. The mechanical properties of the three systems and fracture surface morphology by SEM were also described.
Public-Private Partnerships
Authors: Miraftab Faranak
Published: September 2004

This article concerns the equity dimension of partnerships between disadvantaged communities and local governments and private sector firms to provide basic services and amenities. It examines the necessary conditions for fulfilling the expectation that such partnerships can serve the interests of the poor and the critical role of state in intervention to level the playing field for such a partnership. In the context of decentralizing third world governments, the article highlights conceptual inconsistencies underlying public-private partnerships that lead them to deliver results opposite to those they claim. The article points to the ambivalent and even deceptive core of such partnerships that enables their effective operation as a form of privatization, advancing the interests of the private sector and the market under the banner of sharing power with the poor and the state.
Voluntary Regional Councils and the New Regionalism
Authors: Visser James A.
Published: September 2004

This article compares the opposite fates of two voluntary regional councils in similar substate regions of Michigan and evaluates their effectiveness as planning mechanisms of the new regionalism. Organizational development strategies and consensus building drove the survival and partial success of one council but reduced its policy effectiveness. A climate of mistrust emanating from virulent localism and idiosyncratic events undercut the other council’s organizational capacity and policy effectiveness and led to its demise. Implications of these cases as “weak” examples of new regionalism are discussed.
Learning Expectations in Environmental Planning
Authors: White Stacey Swearingen , Mayo James M.
Published: September 2004

Most graduate planning programs offer a specialization in environmental planning, yet there has been little recent discussion of environmental planning pedagogy. This article draws on the results of a survey of planning educators to determine trends and patterns in environmental planning curricula. It develops an explanatory model for predicting the learning expectations for various types of knowledge that are part of environmental planning education in U.S. and Canadian planning programs. This model uses individual, organizational, and curricular characteristics to predict the substantive environmental planning topics taught in graduate planning programs.
Sexually Abstinent Adolescents
Authors: Blinn-Pike Lynn , Berger Thomas J. , Hewett John , Oleson Jacob
Published: September 2004

This study was a longitudinal follow-up of 697 early adolescents from 20 schools in Missouri, investigating students who, in 1997, indicated on a survey of sexual attitudes and behaviors that they had not had sexual intercourse. They completed the Reasons for Abstinence Scale (RAS) by identifying those items that were reasons why they had not had sex. In 1999, 18 months later, 568 of the same students were available to complete the RAS again. When the adolescents who remained abstinent in 1999 ( n = 422) were compared with their peers who had become sexually active ( n = 146), the abstinent adolescents (a) were significantly less likely to report consuming alcohol on a regular basis, (b) were significantly more likely to be male, and (c) gave more reasons for being abstinent. However, the adolescents who remained abstinent had a significant drop in the number of reasons for being abstinent over the 18 months.
Parents’ Intended Limits on Adolescents Approaching Unsupervised Driving
Authors: Hartos Jessica L. , Beck Kenneth H. , Simons-Morton Bruce G.
Published: September 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which parents intend to place driving limits on adolescents approaching unsupervised driving. A total of 658 parents and their 16-year-old adolescents were recruited from a local Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration site as adolescents successfully tested for provisional licenses. Parents completed written surveys about parent-adolescent relations and anticipated adolescent unsupervised driving. The results indicated that parents reported high levels of intended limits on adolescents’ unsupervised driving, especially for trip conditions (e.g., getting permission) when compared with risk conditions (e.g., at night). Almost one third of parents reported completing driving agreements. Overall, intended driving limits and completed driving agreements were more likely when parents reported high levels of parental monitoring (2 times more likely), discussion of driving rules (2 to 4 times more likely), risk perception (2 times more likely), and vehicle access (2 to 3 times more likely). Completed driving agreements were not related to intended driving limits.
Depression in Parkinson’s Disease: Conceptual Issues and Clinical Challenges
Authors: Leentjens Albert F. G.
Published: September 2004

Background: Depression frequently accompanies Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may have a negative impact on activities of daily living, cognitive performance, and quality of life. Because of the symptom overlap between the 2 disorders, it may be difficult to recognize depression in PD. Moreover, the partially shared pathophysiology may make it difficult to treat depressive symptoms without influencing motor or cognitive function. Objective: To review the current knowledge of the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Method: Discussion of recent studies and relevant literature. Conclusion: Not only conceptually but also in terms of etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment, the relationship between PD and depression remains a challenge. There are still many questions to be answered. In the therapeutic domain, large, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of antidepressant treatment and allow the development of evidence-based guidelines. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:120-126)
Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wint Dylan P. , Okun Michael S. , Fernandez Hubert H.
Published: September 2004

Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fairly common and vexing problem. Although it can occur at any stage of the illness, it is a particularly important issue for patients who are in the later stages of PD and have been chronically treated with anti-PD medications. The exact pathophysiology of PD-related psychosis remains a mystery. Neurochemical imbalances, sleep disturbances, and visual processing abnormalities in PD have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Treatment of psychotic symptoms should occur only after potential medical and environmental causes of delirium have been eliminated or addressed. Initial pharmacologic changes should include limiting the patient’s anti-PD medications to those that are necessary to preserve motor function. Should that fail, an atypical antipsychotic agent is presently the treatment of choice. An emerging treatment option is the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This article reviews what is known about the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of PD-related psychosis. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:127-136)
Role of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Parkinson’s Disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Aarsland Dag , Mosimann Urs P. , McKeith Ian G.
Published: September 2004

This article reviews the cholinergic changes in Parkinson’s disease and dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), their potential clinical implications, and the available evidence for cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of PDD and DLB. Marked neuronal loss of cholinergic nuclei, reduced cholinergic markers in the neocortex, hippocampus, and selected thalamic nuclei, and receptor changes have been reported. One large and 2 small placebo-controlled trials and nearly 20 open-label studies suggest that cholinesterase inhibitors have a positive effect on cognition, psychiatric symptoms, and global function in patients with DLB and PDD. The treatment is well tolerated in most patients without any apparent worsening of extrapyramidal motor features. Given the high risk of severe sensitivity reactions and increased risk of cerebrovascular incidents during treatment with neuroleptics, more clinical trials of cholinesterase inhibitors are encouraged to establish their precise role in DLB and PDD. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:164-171)
Three-Dimensional FE–NCV Modeling of Thermoplastic Composites Pultrusion
Authors: Ahmed Feroz , Joshi Sunil C. , Lam Y. C.
Published: September 2004

A three-dimensional (3D) model for the simulation of the thermoplastic pultrusion process is developed. The simulation procedure and algorithms are based on the Finite Element–Nodal Control Volume (FE–NCV) approach. For illustration purposes, APC-2 CF–PEEK is used as a candidate material along with multiheater steel die assemblies. Heat transfer in the die and the composite is modeled using FEs whereas NCVs are used to model crystallization kinetics and heat of reaction for PEEK. The developed simulation procedure is validated using available data. Subsequently, versatility of the model for simulating various types of die assembly and transient heat transfer effects on crystallization is demonstrated.
The Self in Cultural-Historical Activity Theory
Authors: Stetsenko Anna , Arievitch Igor M.
Published: September 2004

This paper suggests a framework in which the importance of the individual dimension and agency can be reclaimed within a profoundly social and relational view of the self. Juxtaposed with recent research on the self, cultural-historical activity theory is discussed, including its foundational premises formulated by Vygotsky and its conception of the self articulated by Leontiev. Expanded in a number of ways proposed in this paper, this theory helps to theorize the self (a) in its practical relevance, as a lawful and necessary moment in human collective practices, (b) as endowed with the capacity to generate new cycles of practice, and (c) as immanent in activities that position individuals to contribute to meaningfully changing the world. The concept of ‘self as a leading activity’ is discussed as a way to capture what the self is, where it is located, and what its purpose and relation to society are.
Creating a Niche in Internationalization for (South) African Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Mthembu Thandwa
Published: September 2004

This article raises existential questions about the African University. In search of an identity of the African University, the article surveys and re-affirms a descriptive definition of the African University. Furthermore, it surveys contextual challenges of internationalization that should be peculiar to the African University and uses them to inform and affirm an African identity of the African University. Such an affirmation of uniqueness and identity would provide a niche for the African University that would enable it to meet the challenges that Africa faces. The article, therefore, presents a cyclic process toward African Universities contributing uniquely to internationalization: from existential questions to contextual challenges to affirmation of definition and identity and eventually, to meeting contextual challenges that will make the African University a leader in its chosen niche.
Herbal Remedies in a Nicaraguan Barrio
Authors: Ailinger Rita L. , Molloy Suzanne , Zamora Lydia , Benavides Carmen
Published: September 2004

To become more culturally competent, nurses need to increase their knowledge of the health practices of their immigrant clients. With the growing Latino immigrant community, it is imperative that nurses learn more about the cultures from which the immigrants come. This article examines the use of herbal remedies in treating common illnesses in a barrio in Managua, Nicaragua. Data were collected in a random sample of households in an impoverished community of more than 1,600 persons. The use of herbal remedies occurred in 78% of the households. Herbal remedies were used for a variety of symptoms. There was no difference in herbal remedy use based on age or education. The discussion focuses on the availability and functionality of these herbal remedies for this vulnerable population. Implications are addressed for incorporating this information into nursing practice with Central American immigrants, thereby increasing cultural competence.
Perceptions of the Value of Microworld Simulation: Research Note
Authors: Romme A. Georges L.
Published: September 2004

The educational value of microworlds has been accepted as an article of faith. This research note defines microworlds as simulators based on system dynamics models of particular business systems. Subsequently, it explores how business students perceive microworld simulation. This research draws on data obtained from courses in undergraduate business programs as well as a postexperience MBA program. The data suggest that the learning benefits perceived by students are substantial. Moreover, mature students are more likely to benefit from microworlds than less mature ones.
MS ANTWERPEN: Emergency Management Training for Low-Risk Environments
Authors: Strohschneider Stefan , Gerdes Jürgen
Published: September 2004

Emergency management training programs have been developed mostly for trainees from high-risk environments such as aviation or the chemical industry. This article describes a training program for staff members from low-risk environments such as hospitals or hotels, where the awareness of potential dangers is usually low and emergency plans are often outdated or missing. The goal is to equip members of such organizations with some basic competencies necessary for effective functioning in the context of an emergency management team. The training is based on learning by doing, guided reflection, and instruction. The main training tool is a dynamic and interactive computer simulation of a passenger cruiser called MS ANTWERPEN. Participants enact different roles of this ship’s leading crew and are confronted with a number of crises and emergencies. Results of a pilot evaluation study with staff members from a large hospital confirm the expectations regarding the effectiveness of the approach.
Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment: A Synthesis of Controlled Evaluations
Authors: Vaughn Michael G. , Howard Matthew O.
Published: September 2004

Objective: A synthesis was conducted to assess outcome findings and methodological characteristics of controlled evaluations of adolescent substance abuse treatments. Method: Extensive computerized and manual bibliographic searches were employed to identify controlled evaluations of adolescent substance abuse treatment. Meta-analytic techniques were utilized to gauge effect sizes across studies to determine which interventions are most effective. An index of methodological quality was computed for each study using ratings of 13 study design factors. Interventions were classified by a combination of their design strength, achievement of desired effect, and other evidence factors. Results: Findings indicate that multidimensional family therapy and cognitive-behavioral group treatment received the highest level of evidentiary support. Seven other interventions showed evidence of effectiveness as well. Conclusions: Several interventions are effective for treating adolescent substance abuse. These treatments are psycho-social in nature, exist within a structured framework, and should be appealing to social work practitioners.
Work and Family As Constituents of Sense of Coherence
Authors: Löyttyniemi Varpu , Virtanen Pekka , Rantalaiho Liisa
Published: September 2004

In this article, the authors focus on the intersection of the sense of coherence (SOC) and professional career in the light of qualitative data. They analyze the career descriptions written by young physicians in response to an open question in a survey questionnaire. In these narrative accounts, respondents who scored high on the SOC scale did not always orientate to work in a predictable way. Visiting narrative theoretization and feminist critique, the authors suggest a reflective survey style that seeks in the research process not so much an endeavor to reach a preexisting truth but, rather, a dialogue aimed at explaining the phenomenon at hand in a meaningful, agency-enabling way.
Problem-Based Learning in Graduate Management Education: An Integrative Model and Interdisciplinary Application
Authors: Brownell Judi , Jameson Daphne A.
Published: September 2004

This article develops a model of problem-based learning (PBL) and shows how PBL has been used for a decade in one graduate management program. PBL capitalizes on synergies among cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning. Although management education usually privileges cognitive learning, affective learning is equally important. By focusing on real-world problems, PBL helps students appreciate multiple perspectives, recognize nonrational elements of decision making, and confront ethical quandaries. Together, cognitive and affective learning underpin the essential third element: behavioral learning about how to implement plans, lead teams, resolve conflict, persuade others, and communicate with multiple constituencies. Specific examples of PBL projects illustrate this inter relationship.
What Lies Within: The Nice Story of an Ugly Neoplasm
Authors: Batistatou Anna
Published: September 2004

A cancerous cell presents the sequence of events that follows the neoplastic transformation of a single mammary epithelial cell from its point of view. After multiple cell cycles, a mass is generated and becomes mammographically detectable and palpable. Metastases through the lymphatics are generated. Despite mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy, the patient dies from widely metastatic disease, and the neoplastic cells die too. The final triumph becomes their Waterloo! The patient with her death defeats cancer!
Pessimism, Lifestyle, and Survival: A Follow-up Study of Open-Heart Surgery Patients in Israel
Authors: Ben-Zur Hasida , Rappaport Batya , Uretzky Gideon
Published: September 2004

Afollow-up study was conducted to assess the survival of 168 patients who participated in 1995 in a survey study two to twenty months after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). The patients' survival was examined over a seven-year period following the initial study. The surviving patients did not differ from those who died during the seven-year follow-up period on mean age, gender, family status, or education levels. Active lifestyle, pessimism, and self-reported functional capacity predicted survival at the seven-year end point. The conclusion is that assessments of patients' levels of lifestyle and pessimism may be used in detecting those who are at a greater risk of dying following CABG.
Making Changes
Authors: Nadler Gerald , Chandon William J.
Published: September 2004

We describe how a manager should approach the development of any type of change to get significantly better results. Where to start? How to build a good plan? How to get the best chances of an innovative and effective implemented solution? Research on many leading solution creators in all fields (architecture, urban planning, engineering, executives, and so on) found that, instead of a conventional problem-solving approach, they intuitively used an approach that took a holistic view of the assignment and led them to create award-winning and peer-recognized solutions. The FIST (future ideal solution target) approach is a synthesis of the research, enhanced and made easier to use by subsequent practice with it by us and our colleagues around the world. The FIST concept provides a big picture perspective to be sure it results in real and continuing changes.
Family Therapy Theory Applied in a Group Setting: The Family Issues Group
Authors: Armstrong Kathleen L.
Published: September 2004

Family therapy theory and techniques can be successfully applied in group settings. This article discusses such an application of family therapy theory and describes it in terms of a group treatment setting for adult males with substance addiction. Various treatment rationales and subsequent interventions are explored.
Opening Space for Dialogue between Postmodern Therapists and Evangelical Couples
Authors: Blanton P. Gregg
Published: September 2004

Integrating spirituality and religion into clinical practice has become a significant area of interest for marriage and family therapists. The present article focuses more specifically on describing postmodern interventions that make therapy a meaningful and congruent experience for evangelical clients. The use of these interventions must grow out of an understanding of evangelical Christians as well as an ability to compare essential postmodern and evangelical thinking. Equipped with this basic knowledge and compatible interventions, the postmodern family therapist can implement an approach that is consistent with the language, relationships, and stories of evangelical clients. Finally, this article offers three case examples to illustrate this postmodern approach to the spiritual experiences of evangelical couples.
Sustainable Development and the Clean Development Mechanism: A South African Case Study
Authors: Kim Joy A.
Published: September 2004

The clean development mechanism (CDM) is often seen as providing the financial benefits and transfers of cutting-edge green technology that enable developing countries to reduce emissions and achieve their sustainable development goals. The process of implementing the mechanism is, however, fraught with challenges. The absence of the United States in the carbon market has induced the low price of certified emissions reductions through the CDM, while host countries desire to ensure the sustainable development benefits of the CDM is likely to result in a complex approval process, which would further increase transaction costs. This article examines the CDM implementation environment in the context of a South African case study. It is argued that a fine balance needs to be struck between the spirit of the CDM, as encapsulated in its mandate to promote sustainable development in host countries, and its economic rationale when host countries approve those projects they deem beneficial.
Predicting Knowledge Complexity in the Wake of an Environmental Risk
Authors: Kahlor Leeann , Dunwoody Sharon , Griffin Robert J.
Published: September 2004

In 1993, the parasite cryptosporidium infested the Milwaukee-area drinking supply and sickened some 400,000 people. This study uses survey data gathered from 610 residents in the wake of that outbreak to look at predictors of the complexity of people’s understanding of two causal components of the outbreak: (1) how the parasite got into the water and (2) how it caused illness in the human body. Analysis of open-ended data indicated that, consistent with the predictors used in the knowledge gap literature, indicators of socioeconomic status are significant predictors of differences in explanatory complexity. Also, consistent with the literature on motivation and knowledge seeking, experience with and worry about the parasite served as predictors of explanatory complexity under certain circumstances.
Deep Play in a Poker Rally: A Sunday among the Ferraristi of Long Island
Authors: Goodall H. L.
Published: September 2004

This article provides a narrative account of a “poker rally” conducted by Ferrari owners and enthusiasts on Long Island, New York. Evoking Clifford Geertz’s treatment of a Balinese cockfight, the author uses this elite event to interpret this ritual drama experientially and textually, thus offering a reading of Ferrari culture and of some persistent problems associated, ever since Geertz’s essay, with narrative ethnography.