bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders: A Case Report
Authors: Stoyneva Zlatka Borisova , Dermendjiev Svetlan , Dermendjiev Tihomir , Dobrev Hristo
Published: March 2015

In this study the complex interrelationship between physical factors, job stress, lifestyle and genetic factors on symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs is demonstrated by a case report and discussion of the literature. A 58 year old woman with long lasting complaints of the upper limbs with increasing intensity and duration, generalisation, combined with skin thickness, Raynaudâ€™s phenomenon, joint disorders, arterial and pulmonary hypertension, metabolic lipid dysfunctions is presented. Occupational history proves continuous duration of service at a job with occupational physical static load with numerous repetitive monotonous systematic motions of fingers and hands as a weaver of Persian rugs followed by work at an automated loom and variable labour activities. Though the complaints dated since the time she was a manual weaver, the manifestations of generalized joint degenerative changes, system sclerosis with Raynaudâ€™s phenomenon with similar upper extremities signs and symptoms discount upper limbs musculoskeletal disorder as caused only or mainly by occupational risk factors. The main principles and criteria for occupational diagnosis of musculoskeletal upper limb disorders and legislative requirements for their reglamentation are discussed.
Some Adverse Effects of Used Engine Oil (Common Waste Pollutant) On Reproduction of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Akintunde Wasiu Olalekan , Olugbenga Ojo A. , Olufemi Ogundipe O.
Published: March 2015

AIM: Used oil is contaminated not only with heavy metals but also with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are insignificant in the unused oil. In our study we determined possible reproductive effects of used engine oil on male rats.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty eight male Wistar rats were used for the study. The rats had average weight of 181.5 Â± 10 g, animal feeds and portable water was provided ad-libitum. The rats were assigned to 4 groups (n = 7) including control. The treated groups orally received 0.1 ml/rat, 0.2 ml/rat and 0.4 ml/rat of the used engine oil every other day for 28 days using oral canulla. The spermatozoa were collected from epididymis for sperm analysis and testes were removed and preserved in Bouinâ€™s fluid for routine histological analysis.RESULTS: Our results showed that there was progressive weight increase among the control group of rats that received distilled water. Meanwhile, rats that received 0.4 ml/rat of the used engine oil showed significant (P < 0.05) weight loss in second and third week of administration while rats that received 0.2 ml/rat and 0.1 ml/rat of the used engine oil showed non-significant (P > 0.05) weight reduction. The spermatozoa number was decreased with significance (P < 0.05) at 0.2 ml/rat (2.38 Â± 0.29) and 0.4 ml/rat (1.98 Â± 0.08) when compared with the control (5.00 Â± 0.89). However, the percentage of motile sperms was reduced significantly (P <0.05) at 0.2 ml/rat (52.86 Â± 3.59) and 0.4 ml/rat (45.71 Â± 2.94) except at 0.1 ml/rat where the reduction (64.00 Â± 7.5) was not significant (P> 0.05). The percentage of head deformity been 41.43 Â± 2.61 and 42.00 Â± 3.74 at 0.2 ml/rat and 0.4 ml/rat respectively, also significant increase of middle piece deformity was observed only at 0.1 ml/rat (45.71 Â± 2.02) while tail deformity significantly decreased (15.71 Â± 2.02, 20.00 Â± 4.36 and 20.00 Â± 4.47) when compared with the control (30.00 Â± 1.29). The testicular seminiferous tubules were slightly degenerated with absence of Lumen. The germinal cell layer consisting of necrosis of spermatogonia and interstitial (Leydig) cells with affected Sertoli cells at different maturation stages.CONCLUSION: Hence, it can be said that there is a negative relation between used engine oil and male reproductive parameters. And it can be concluded that used engine oil should beÂ  prevented from leaking, spilling or improperly discarded as through medium it may enter storm water runoff and eventually affect the environmental health receiving water bodies.
Tenascin-C Levels, A Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand, in Enthesitis-related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shukla Anuj , Gaur Priyanka , Aggarwal Amita
Published: March 2015

Objective.

Monocytes of children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) show Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein and acts as an endogenous TLR4 ligand. Thus, we studied the serum and synovial fluid (SF) levels of TNC in children with ERA.

Methods.

TNC was measured in the serum of 80 children with ERA satisfying the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria. Fifteen children were followed up while being treated with regular nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and levels were reassessed at 3 months. Seventeen paired serum-SF samples and 25 healthy control serum samples were also analyzed. Disease activity was assessed by physician’s global assessment (PGA), early morning stiffness (EMS), tender (TJC) and swollen joint counts (SJC), enthesitis score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results.

The mean serum TNC level in patients with active disease (67.1 ± 44.9 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in those with inactive disease (40.6 ± 36.7 ng/ml, p = 0.01) and healthy controls (21 ± 15.2 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Levels of TNC were higher in HLA-B27–positive (58.4 ng/ml) versus −negative disease (20.4 ng/ml, p = 0.01). TNC levels correlated moderately with disease activity: PGA r = 0.4, EMS r = 0.34, TJC r = 0.4, SJC r = 0.46, ESR r = 0.42, and CRP r = 0.32. In receiver-operation characteristic analysis for active versus inactive diseases, TNC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.754] was equivalent to ESR (AUC = 0.787) and CRP (AUC = 0.789). Regular NSAID therapy led to a significant fall in serum TNC levels at 3 months (p = 0.0003). The SF TNC level was 17.39 ng/ml, significantly lower than the paired serum values (p = 0.01).

Conclusion.

Serum TNC levels are significantly raised and correlate with various clinical and laboratory variables of disease activity in children with ERA. Regular NSAID therapy reduces the TNC levels, probably related to controlling disease activity.
The OMERACT Ultrasound Working Group 10 Years On: Update at OMERACT 12
Authors: Bruyn George A. , Naredo Esperanza , Iagnocco Annamaria , Balint Peter V. , Backhaus Marina , Gandjbakhch Frederique , Gutierrez Marwin , Filer Andrew , Finzel Stephanie , Ikeda Kei , Kaeley Gurjit S. , Manzoni Silvia Magni , Ohrndorf Sarah , Pineda Carlos , Richards Bethan , Roth Johannes , Schmidt Wolfgang A. , Terslev Lene , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta
Published: March 2015

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) now thrives as an established imaging modality for the investigation and management of chronic inflammatory arthritis. We summarize here results of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) US working group (WG) projects of the last 2 years. These results were reported at the OMERACT 12 meeting at the plenary session and discussed during breakout sessions. Topics included standardization of US use in rheumatic disease over the last decade and its contribution to understanding musculoskeletal diseases. This is the first update report of WG activities in validating US as an outcome measure in musculoskeletal inflammatory and degenerative diseases, including pediatric arthritis, since the OMERACT 11 meeting.
remediation of the fan convention: Understanding the emerging genre of cosplay music videos
Authors: Lamerichs Nicolle
Published: March 2015

Through cosplay (costume play), fans perform existing fictional characters in self-created costumes, thereby enriching and extending popular narratives. Cosplay is an understudied form of appropriation that transforms and actualizes an existing story or game in close connection to the fan community and the fan's own identity. Although the costume can be experienced firsthand at convention sites, it is also remediated in photography, thereby extending its potential audience and performative possibilities. In the rich emerging genre of cosplay music videos, commonly shot and produced at convention sites, fans juxtapose different cosplayers and texts. Informed by work on other fan videos, such as machinima, I propose a reading of a selected corpus of videos to analyze the dynamics of costume culture as it transcends the convention grounds.
Self-representation in literary fandom: Women's leisure reader selfies as postfeminist performance
Authors: Opel Dawn S.
Published: March 2015

In social media communities dedicated to women's leisure reading and literary fandom, images of women engaged in the act of reading circulate prominently. These images—created and uploaded to fan sites by the fans themselves—have recurring characteristics: the woman often holds a leather-bound book, wears romanticized, neo-Victorian dress, and has exaggeratedly feminine, sexualized features. These representations are not of actual members of the community but rather fictive, collected, circulated, and commented upon in a communal act of identity construction. This gendered visual representation of the literate self provides a performance of a double movement in postfeminist culture: a broadcasting of discourses that is empowering (participatory digital cultural production around literature) and yet promotes a cultural context for reinforcement of conventional gender norms. To demonstrate this double movement, I utilize a case study of these self-representational fan images, collected over a year on a Facebook group page for fans of 19th-century British literature and filmic adaptations. These images and their circulation are then analyzed via a two-pronged double movement theoretical framework. First, feminist media scholarship helps explain the empowering aspects of the new media creation of the reader selfie. Second, gender performance uncovers how these repeated sexualized images of women readers reentrench conventional, hyperfeminine, and sexualized gender roles. Double movement takes place in contemporary women leisure readers' lives, and the media-led postfeminist cultural movement offers a depoliticized, self-indulgent path toward youth and beauty at the expense of institutional or social change.
Bound princes and monogamy warnings: "Harry Potter," slash, and queer performance in LiveJournal communities
Authors: Hampton Darlene Rose
Published: March 2015

Media fans often refer to their texts, practices, productions, and selves as works in progress—unfinished, in between, and transformative. This article applies theoretical models of performance to the fannish practice of crafting slash fan fiction within LiveJournal communities. By examining the content and form of the fiction itself, its mode of production, and fannish interactions, this paper discusses fan practices as opportunities for media fans to engage in individual and collective performances that negotiate hegemonic norms of gender and sexuality. These negotiations often illustrate a disconnect between social conditioning and female desire in heteronormative and patriarchal culture, and demonstrate the utility of theories of performance in studying individual and collective fannish engagement with texts as a means of intervening in the world.
digital fandom of Na'vi speakers
Authors: Schreyer Christine
Published: March 2015

Few academic studies have focused on the fans of created or constructed languages. One reason behind this may be the popular impression, intensified by the media, that speakers of these languages are obsessed fans or fanatics. In this essay, I use data from a survey conducted in summer 2011 to determine who is learning to speak Na'vi (a language constructed for the alien race in the 2009 film Avatar), how they are learning the language, and why they are learning the language. I also address the questions of how important community is to fandoms, as well as whether virtual fandoms constitute communities. Na'vi speakers are a digital fandom as well as a speech community, and Na'vi speakers are developing shared social norms and culture via their use of the Na'vi language.
Audience reaction movie trailers and the Paranormal Activity franchise
Authors: Swanson Alexander
Published: March 2015

This article addresses the concept and growing practice of audience reaction movie trailers, specifically for films in the horror genre. Popularized by the Paranormal Activity series of films, these trailers primarily utilize green night-vision video footage of a movie theater audience reacting to the film being advertised, yet also consist of webcam recordings of screaming fans, documentary-style B-roll footage of audiences filing into preview screenings with high levels of anticipation, and close-up shots of spectator facial expressions, accompanied by no footage whatsoever from the film being advertised. In analyzing these audience-centric promotional paratexts, my aim is to reveal them as attempting to sell and legitimize the experiential, communal, and social qualities of the theatrical movie viewing experience while at the same time calling for increased fan investment in both physical and online spaces. Through the analysis of audience reaction trailers, this article hopes to both join and engender conversations about horror fan participation, the nature of anticipatory texts as manipulative, and the current state of horror gimmickry in the form of the promotional paratext.
Toward new horizons: Cosplay (re)imagined through the superhero genre, authenticity, and transformation
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ellen
Published: March 2015

I identify and explore connections between cosplay and costuming practices characterizing the superhero genre. Utilizing the concepts of authenticity, context, and transformation, I open a dialogue between these cultural texts and interrogate and rearticulate the spaces and surfaces of cosplay. I work with cosplay as a simultaneous performance—as source character and as member of the cosplaying community. Analysis permits the presentation of three interconnected assertions. First, cosplay is readable as an embodied reception of the unstable modes of identity worked within the superhero genre. Second, cosplay, although conventionally sited and treated within fandom, is also performed within spaces away from organized fandom, notably on screens (industry costuming) and streets (copycats or real-life superheroes). Cosplay can thus be reconceptualized as a spectrum of intersecting behaviors rather than as a limited fan practice. Third, the idea of transformation does not adequately reflect the actuality of performing as a source character. I assert and demonstrate instead that cosplay exemplifies a moment of what I have termed embodied translation, where cosplayers transfer the source character from a limitless fictional landscape to their delimited physical one. Such creative consideration complicates and troubles our current understandings of cosplay and commences the project of reconceptualizing this most complicated and manifold practice.
Simblr famous and SimSecret infamous: Performance, community norms, and shaming among fans of "The Sims"
Authors: Deller Ruth A.
Published: March 2015

This essay explores the way fandom is performed on Tumblr by fans of the games series The Sims (Electronic Arts, 2000), as well as how the LiveJournal site SimSecret attempts to regulate and shame Tumblr behavior. Through interviews and surveys with fans and through content analysis, I examine the way in which Tumblr lends itself to particular performance norms in terms of its aesthetics, content tagging, and interactivity. I explore how fans also call out other fans for behaviors they do not approve of and how some of this shaming is connected to wider discourses surrounding the pleasures of fans, particularly teenaged female fans, often deemed to be excessive, inappropriate, or overly dramatic.
Fannish tattooing and sacred identity
Authors: Jones Bethan
Published: March 2015

Pleasure is an important motivation for fans to adopt texts. Fannish tattoos function to demonstrate affective investments in a text; they are also a performance of fandom and an example of sacred fan identity. Like engaging in cosplay or wearing clothing that features logos, fannish tattoos mark people as fans of a text. Furthermore, the more obscure the logo or fannish reference, the more performative the tattoo. Fannish tattoos help to construct a sacred fan identity. The sacred experience (as theorized by Émile Durkheim and his concept of the totem) is imbued with meaning through choices that set it aside from the mundane. Within the context of fannish tattoos, fan affect gains similar significance.
"Fandom unbound," edited by Mizuko Ito, Daisuke Okabe, and Izumi Tsuji
Authors: Noppe Nele
Published: March 2015

Book review of Mizuko Ito, Daisuke Okabe and Izumi Tsuji, eds. Fandom unbound: Otaku culture in a connected world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012. Kindle edition, $35; paperback, $38 (352p) ISBN 978-0300158649.
Exploring nonhuman perspectives in live-action role-play
Authors: Bienia Rafael
Published: March 2015

In this personal essay, the author, sometimes in the voice of a live-action role-play (LARP) sword, discusses the nature of LARP materials, arguing that the costume or elements of the costume (such as a sword) are actually nonhuman actors.
Finding truth in playing pretend: A reflection on cosplay
Authors: Mongan Shelby Fawn
Published: March 2015

Cosplay fits easily in a life spent playing pretend. Upon reflection, the act of cosplaying is a practice in finding truths, not manufacturing lies.
My football fandoms, performance, and place
Authors: Waysdorf Abby
Published: March 2015

In this personal essay, the author discusses negotiation of identity in the various spaces of football fandom.
Doctor Who–themed weddings and the performance of fandom
Authors: Johnston Jessica Elizabeth
Published: March 2015

Coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the science fiction/fantasy TV series Doctor Who (1963–1986, 1996, 2005–), 50 couples chose to marry, renew vows, and engage in civil partnerships during a mass Doctor Who–themed wedding in London. By using Doctor Who fandom as a case study, I explore how fans are able to construct, define, and maintain their identity in wedding culture by the meaning they ascribe to objects present in the wedding performance. By using the concept of weddings as performance narratives, I describe how fans are able to tell the story of their experience and identification with fandom, but because not everyone identifies with fandom, fans must communicate this narrative in a highly selective manner, choosing details that both satisfy their identities as fans and make sense to a diverse audience of fans and nonfans alike. In doing so, fans are negotiating this identity within the heteronormative structure of wedding culture. The presence of the wedding ceremony reveals that fan identity and performance, despite seeming subversive to mainstream, are actually influenced and shaped by these traditional spaces and rituals.
Exploring fandom and the performance paradigm: An interview with Kurt Lancaster, author of "Interacting with 'Babylon 5'"
Authors: Booth Paul J. , Bennett Lucy
Published: March 2015

This interview with Kurt Lancaster, conducted via e-mail in August 2014, discusses the use of the performance studies paradigm in his Interacting with "Babylon 5": Fan Performances in a Media Universe (University of Texas Press, 2001).
Zombie walks and the public sphere
Authors: Riley Brendan
Published: March 2015

This brief essay considers the phenomenon of zombie walks from a personal perspective, exploring the experience and practice of collaborative cosplay, as well as some of the theoretical and political implications of this widespread practice.
Interview with Hello Earth Productions
Authors: Salisbury Cameron
Published: March 2015

Interview with Joy DeLyria and Kris Hambrick, cofounders of Hello Earth Productions, a grassroots, community-based theater company in Seattle, Washington.
What is global theater? or, What does new media studies have to do with performance studies?
Authors: De Kosnik Abigail
Published: March 2015

This piece summarizes some key historical points of connection between new media studies and performance studies, beginning with Marshall McLuhan's concept of telecommunications networks as constitutive of a global theater. In combination with Kurt Lancaster's and Francesca Coppa's theories of fan works as performances, the global theater model can yield new insights into the nature and purpose of Internet fan fiction and fan fiction archives.
"Work/text" by Cynthia W. Walker
Authors: Coppa Francesca
Published: March 2015

Review of Cynthia W. Walker. 2015. Work/text: Investigating "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." New York: Hampton Press, 2013. Hardcover, $89.50 (367p) ISBN 978-1612891200; paperback, $37.95 (379p) ISBN 978-1612891217.
Performance and performativity in fandom
Authors: Bennett Lucy , Booth Paul J.
Published: March 2015

Editorial overview of Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 18, special issue, "Performance and Performativity in Fandom."
La lógica de Stalin y la Guerra de España
Authors: Elorza Antonio
Published: March 2015

Au-delà de sa composante répressive, Staline définit une forme spécifique d’action dans le domaine de la politique, une approche personnelle à la « guerre » de classes et à la résolution des conflits dont le principal atout est une poursuite de ses buts au même temps implacable et pragmatique. La guerre d’Espagne devient un scénario optimal pour la mise en œuvre de cette stratégie.
Anarchisme et sexualité en Espagne jusqu’en 1939
Authors: Guereña Jean-Louis
Published: March 2015

Cette contribution examine l’espace occupé par la sexualité au sein de la « culture anarchiste » espagnole, en abordant rapidement divers points qui montrent la présence et l’importance d’une véritable « culture sexuelle » dans la mouvance anarchiste : l’éducation sexuelle et la divulgation de la sexualité, l’eugénisme, le néomalthusianisme et le contrôle de la natalité, la lutte contre la prostitution réglementée et les « maladies vénériennes », comme l’on disait alors, et finalement l’homosexualité.
Trente ans d'exil en Suisse. José Herrera Petere (Genève, 1947-1977)
Authors: Duroux Rose
Published: March 2015

En 1946, l’écrivain José Herrera Petere (Guadalajara, 1909-Genève, 1977), en exil au Mexique, accepte un contrat lucratif comme fonctionnaire du BIT (Bureau International du Travail). Il arrive à Genève en février 1947. Il restera trente ans en Suisse. Éloigné des cercles de l’exil les plus influents et du public espagnol, il est coupé de l’humus qui le nourrissait. Alors, il va rechercher la compagnie des écrivains suisses, notamment celle des « poètes de Genève ». Il ne tarde pas à entrer dans le milieu des revues littéraires suisses de langue française, progressistes, telles que Rencontre et Jeune Poésie, et à collaborer. Cette sociabilité nouvelle va marquer, profondément, sa création. Il n’écrira plus de romans. Les recueils de poésie qu’il publiera seront bilingues, généralement traduits par ses amis poètes. Il était reconnu en Suisse mais ce que lui attendait, c’était un appel de l’Espagne, qui ne vint jamais. C’est là une expérience originale dans la diaspora républicaine.
Projeto Identicidade: espaço, identidade e fotografia
Authors: Jesus Glauber Bedini de
Published: March 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo suscitar as aproximações entre os temas espaço, identidade e fotografia, partindo de um levantamento de referências conceituais, pautados na multidisciplinariedade, na qual a geografia, a filosofia, a sociologia e a literatura se imbricam, possibilitando ao mesmo tempo a criação de um produto iconográfico representativo. A construção de tal elemento visual foi realizada a partir da criação e revisitação de imagens fotográficas monocromáticas de locais representativos de cidades pelas quais o pesquisador passou e que em conjunto, foram analisadas e dispostas de forma a criar um autoretrato. Apesar de verificarmos uma relação estreita entre os temas pesquisados ao longo da criação, o produto intitulado Projeto Identicidade possibilitou a construção de um espaço/tempo de característica fundamentalmente processual, que revelou os obstáculos da criação de uma identidade a partir das visualidades, em que a hermeticidade dos processos tecnológicos são cada vez mais presentes e moldadores das ações artísticas. Da mesma forma, levantou a incapacidade de representação imagética da identidade do sujeito a partir de uma leitura dos espaços vividos, já que estes acabam por se transformar em paisagens quando tratadas em imagens fotográficas e que portanto, não passam de interpretações transtemporais da vida, nas quais a organicidade deixa de ser apresentada por conta de ser apenas um fragmento. Por outro lado, o exercício de criação visual da identidade colaborou para o constante retorno e interpretação das experiências vividas nos espaços representados pelas fotografias, o que proporcionou a reflexão do posicionamento atual no espaço, desenvolvendo de forma construtiva e qualitativa a identidade do pesquisador.
Comunidades Quilombolas na Amazônia:
Authors: Superti Eliane , Silva Gutemberg de Vilhena
Published: March 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear localização, histórico, condições de vida e o patrimônio cultural das comunidades quilombolas do Estado do Amapá, considerando, as 28 comunidades certificadas pela Fundação Cultural Palmares (FCP) até janeiro de 2013. O arcabouço metodológico utilizado foi centrado em cinco instrumentos fundamentais; questionário socioeconômico, entrevista semiestruturada, laudo antropológico, registro fotográfico e cadernos de campo. As questões que nortearam esta produção foram: Onde se localizam, quais são as origens e condições de vida e que conteúdo do patrimônio cultural caracteriza as comunidades quilombolas do Amapá? O artigo foi dividido em três partes – Localização e História; Condições de Vida e, por fim, Patrimônio Cultural. Em todas elas a discussão sobre o espaço da cultura dos grupos investigados perpassa pela apresentação e análise, mas cada divisão tem um objetivo singular.
A cidade por seus nomes:
Authors: Teixeira Rubenilson Brazão , Brito João Fernando Barreto de , Melo Cleópatra de
Published: March 2015

A análise da nomenclatura dos espaços públicos da cidade potiguar, a qual se consolida aos poucos ao longo do século XIX, permite revelar o seu fortalecimento paulatino. O presente artigo se propõe a desenvolver essa análise a partir dos seguintes procedimentos: 1) a seleção de vilas e cidades do Rio Grande do Norte, e dos nomes dos espaços públicos nelas existentes, conforme a disponibilidade de documentação; 2) uma classificação desses mesmos nomes por grupos de significados; 3) o levantamento da frequência com que esses nomes ocorrem em cada grupo. A análise, que perpassa três períodos: 1830-1850; 1851-1880; 1881-1900, permitiu compreender a cidade potiguar quanto a sua consolidação/crescimento ao longo do século XIX, bem como dos valores inerentes àquela sociedade.
Rios nossos que estão no sertão! São Francisco e Parnaíba
Authors: Gandara Gercinair Silvério
Published: March 2015

A região nordeste do Brasil apresenta modesta hidrografia. A maiorias dos rios dessa região são classificados como temporários à exceção dos rios maranhenses, que são quase todos perenes. Abrangem considerável extensão territorial. Quase sempre constituem cada um deles, uma bacia própria. Ao conjunto dessas bacias convencionou-se chamar Bacia do Nordeste. Nos estados do Piauí e da Bahia as condições naturais e geográficas dos rios Parnaíba e São Francisco tiveram especial significado na composição do seu espaço e, consequentemente, na formação de sua história. As riquezas ambientais de ambos os vales e rios são muitas. Em ambas as bacias os problemas fundamentais eram de ocupação territorial em bases de civilização moderna. No fundo das suas calhas hidrográficas se tornaram condensadores de gentes e “avenidas” interiores de povoamento. Caminhos líquidos! Historicamente somente os traçados de ambos os rios nada significaria, mas o conteúdo ambiental e humano de suas águas jorram histórias, razão pela qual optamos confrontar, por meio de uma análise comparada, essas duas bacias fluviais. Os debates que aqui são encetos sobre estes rios são (re)produções da realidade lidas nas suas próprias paisagens, pois não poderiam ser pensados sem que levássemos em conta sua paisagem geográfica, a natureza e também suas águas, consequentemente o clima e o tempo. Esta comparação foi/é/será perfeitamente possível!
Fazer um museu numa ruína moderna
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo , Vilhena Joana
Published: March 2015

Definir um projeto de arquitetura e museografia implica uma investigação específica – uma investigação disciplinar. Esta incide habitualmente sobre as posições precedentes no domínio da curadoria, da arte e da arquitetura. Este artigo desenvolve uma abordagem ao espaço do museu a partir da arquitetura, e toma como estudo de caso a instalação provisória do MUDE - Museu do Design e da Moda, Coleção Francisco Capelo em Lisboa (Portugal). Convocam-se exemplos construídos em que foi possível realizar a síntese entre a arte e a arquitetura, como é caso do PS1 de Nova Iorque, da Fundação Chinati em Marfa, nos Estados Unidos, e o Centro de Criação Contemporânea Palais Tokyo, em Paris. Abordam-se ainda os espaços de trabalho dos artistas e a capacidade experimental que estes possuem, bem como a problemática da conceção do espaço de museu na cultura contemporânea.
Bricoler le vivant dans des garages
Authors: Meyer Morgan
Published: March 2015

La « biologie de garage » suscite des interprétations variées. D’un côté, on s’inquiète face aux risques potentiels (bioterrorisme, contamination, fabrication de virus). De l’autre, elle permettrait de rendre la science plus démocratique et citoyenne. La comparaison fréquente avec Steve Jobs suggère même un fort potentiel économique. Le garage symbolise donc la liberté de penser de façon non conventionnelle, en dehors de contraintes économiques, politiques, académiques et institutionnelles. En même temps, un garage qui n’est pas surveillé, sécurisé ni contrôlé est vu comme un lieu propice au bioterrorisme. La comparaison entre le bioterroriste fabriquant un virus et le génie innovant nous permet de distinguer deux types de viralité : une viralité due à des « petits êtres » difficiles à confiner et à rendre visibles, et une viralité produisant des « grands êtres » singularisés et très visibles. La différence entre ces deux types de viralité est d’ordre sémantique, ontologique et institutionnel.
IgM and IgA Rheumatoid Factors Purified from Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera Boost the Fc Receptor– and Complement-Dependent Effector Functions of the Disease-Specific Anti–Citrullinated Protein Autoantibodies
Authors: Anquetil Florence , Clavel Cyril , Offer Géraldine , Serre Guy , Sebbag Mireille
Published: March 2015

Rheumatoid factors (RF) and the disease-specific anti–citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) coexist in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients where they probably contribute to synovitis. We investigated the influence of IgM and IgA RF on the FcR- and complement-dependent effects of ACPA immune complexes (ACPA-IC). When stimulated by ACPA-IC formed in the presence of IgM RF or IgA RF fractions purified from RA serum pools, M-CSF–generated macrophages skewed their cytokine response toward inflammation, with increases in the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, and decreases in the IL-1Ra/IL-1β ratio. In the IgM RF-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of macrophages, the participation of an IgM receptor was excluded, notably by showing that they did not express any established receptor for IgM. Rather, this amplification depended on the IgM RF-mediated recruitment of more IgG into the ACPA-IC. However, the macrophages expressed FcαRI and blocking its interaction with IgA inhibited the IgA RF-mediated amplification of TNF-α secretion induced by ACPA-IC, showing its major implication in the effects of RF of the IgA class. LPS further amplified the TNF-α response of macrophages to RF-containing ACPA-IC. Lastly, the presence of IgM or IgA RF increased the capacity of ACPA-IC to activate the complement cascade. Therefore, specifically using autoantibodies from RA patients, the strong FcR-mediated or complement-dependent pathogenic potential of IC including both ACPA and IgM or IgA RF was established. Simultaneous FcR triggering by these RF-containing ACPA-IC and TLR4 ligation possibly makes a major contribution to RA synovitis.
Shoulder Pad Sign and Asymptomatic Hypercalcemia in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Izawa Sayoko , Akimoto Tetsu , Ikeuchi Hirokuni , Kusano Eiji , Nagata Daisuke
Published: March 2015

Interpreting an abnormal serum calcium level in subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires the simultaneous evaluation of various clinical and laboratory parameters. An excessive intake of calcium salts and vitamin D overdosing may be the most common etiologies of hypercalcemia in individuals with advanced CKD. Nevertheless, it should be noted that such patients are susceptible to all diseases that may cause hypercalcemia in subjects without renal disease. In this report, we describe the case of a male chronic hemodialysis patient who developed asymptomatic hypercalcemia associated with polyarticular swelling. On the basis of the findings of systemic workup, he was finally diagnosed as having multiple myeloma. The so-called shoulder pad sign, which is pathognomonic for light chain amyloidosis, although its detection remains a challenge for physicians, was a clue leading to the prompt diagnosis of the disease in the current case. The impact of articular manifestations on the diagnostic strategy for assessing multiple myeloma is also discussed.
Effect of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene on the Proliferative Activity of the Breast Epithelium in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Lucato Miliana T. , Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Moreira Marise A. R. , Bernardes-Junior Júlio R. M. , Pinto Sebastião A. , Paulinelli Regis R. , Soares Leonardo R.
Published: March 2015

Objectives

To compare the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on the proliferative activity of normal breast tissue in premenopausal women as measured by Ki-67/MIB-1 expression.

Study Design

A total of 48 women with benign breast nodules and a recommendation for surgical removal of the lesion took part in this study. They were randomized to use tamoxifen or raloxifene for 22 days, after which they were submitted to surgery. During the surgical procedure, a 1-cm fragment of normal breast tissue was removed to study Ki-67 expression.

Results

The mean percentage ratios between immunolabeled and non-labeled cells were 2.02 ± 1.09 and 3.13 ± 3.23 for the tamoxifen and raloxifene groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the tamoxifen ( n = 16) and raloxifene ( n = 14) groups in relation to the immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 ( P = 0.205).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed no difference between tamoxifen and raloxifene with respect to the potential of these drugs to reduce the proliferative activity of the normal breast epithelium in premenopausal women.
Do Premenopausal Hypothyroid Women on Levothyroxine Therapy Need Bone Status Monitoring?
Authors: Babu Ruby P. , Christy Alap , Hegde Anupama , Manjrekar Poornima , D'Souza Vivian
Published: March 2015

Background

Suppressive doses of levothyroxine therapy are reported to reduce bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Data on bone changes in premenopausal hypothyroid women with replacement therapy are limited. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate bone changes in this group using bone markers and BMD.

Materials and Methods

A hospital-based case–control study including 75 premenopausal women aged 30–45 years was conducted. The subjects were categorized based on their thyroid function and history into three groups of 25 euthyroid, 25 newly diagnosed hypothyroid, and 25 hypothyroid women on 100–200 μg of levothyroxine for a minimum of 5 years. The bone changes were evaluated and compared among the groups biochemically by estimating their plasma osteocalcin and serum calcium and phosphorus and radiologically by measuring their BMD by quantitative ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was conducted by using analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.

Results

Levels of plasma osteocalcin, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus in patients on long-term levothyroxine therapy were significantly higher than those in newly diagnosed hypothyroid women and in the euthyroid group. BMD showed definite features of osteopenia ( T-score: −2.26 ± 0.5) among the women in the treatment group, while it was well within the normal range in the newly diagnosed and euthyroid women. A significant correlation was found between the osteocalcin levels and T-score.

Conclusion

Hypothyroid women on long-term levothyroxine therapy showed signs of increased bone turnover and increased resorptive changes, though not frank osteoporosis. Hence, it may be important to evaluate the bone status of patients on levothyroxine for >5 years.
A Simulated Clinical Skills Scenario to Teach Interprofessional Teamwork to Health Profession Students
Authors: Herge Eileen Adel , Hsieh Christine , Waddell-Terry Tarae , Keats Pamela
Published: March 2015

The Eastern Pennsylvania Delaware Geriatric Education Center developed an Interprofessional Clinical Skills Scenario (CSS) to facilitate development of teamwork skills, specifically decision making, communication and collaboration, in health professions students in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, occupational and physical therapy programs. The case scenario provides students with the opportunity to practice communication and collaboration with a team and standardized patient and caregiver in a simulated clinical setting. The CSS was integrated into an existing occupational therapy course in 2011. Students were recruited by faculty from various schools (health professions, pharmacy, nursing, medicine) throughout the university to participate in the CSS. The program evaluation included demographic assessment, process, and outcome measures. 166 students have participated in the CSS. Pre- and post-tests measured students' attitude toward healthcare teams. A Team Observation Tool was used by faculty and standardized patients/caregivers to evaluate student teams on communication, information sharing, and team interaction. A satisfaction survey was completed by the learners at the end of the CSS. This simulated Clinical Skills Scenario is a practical, interactive exercise that allows teams of interprofessional students to practice teamwork skills and patient-centered care with standardized patients and caregivers. Following a review of the learning activity and evaluation tools, the authors reflect on the effectiveness of the evaluation process for this CSS.
Selective Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Antibacterials
Authors: Gordon Sara , Simithy Johayra , Goodwin Douglas C. , Calderón Angela I.
Published: March 2015

Owing to the persistence of tuberculosis (TB) as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) forms of the disease, the development of new antitubercular drugs is crucial. Developing inhibitors of shikimate kinase (SK) in the shikimate pathway will provide a selective target for antitubercular agents. Many studies have used in silico technology to identify compounds that are anticipated to interact with and inhibit SK. To a much more limited extent, SK inhibition has been evaluated by in vitro methods with purified enzyme. Currently, there are no data on in vivo activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis shikimate kinase ( MtSK) inhibitors available in the literature. In this review, we present a summary of the progress of SK inhibitor discovery and evaluation with particular attention toward development of new antitubercular agents.
The Frequency of Elliptic Curve Groups over Prime Finite Fields
Authors: Chandee Vorrapan , David Chantal , Koukoulopoulos Dimitris , Smith Ethan
Published: March 2015

Letting p vary over all primes and E vary over all elliptic curves over the finite field 𝔽p, we study the frequency to which a given group G arises as a group of points E(𝔽p). It is well known that the only permissible groups are of the form Gm,k:=ℤ/mℤ×ℤ/mkℤ. Given such a candidate group, we let M(Gm,k) be the frequency to which the group Gm,karises in this way. Previously, C.David and E. Smith determined an asymptotic formula for M(Gm,k) assuming a conjecture about primes in short arithmetic progressions. In this paper, we prove several unconditional bounds for M(Gm,k), pointwise and on average. In particular, we show thatM(Gm,k) is bounded above by a constant multiple of the expected quantity when m ≤ kA and that the conjectured asymptotic for M(Gm,k) holds for almost all groups Gm,k when m ≤ k1/4-∈. We also apply our methods to study the frequency to which a given integer N arises as a group order #E(𝔽p).
The Contraction Principle for Multivalued Mappings on a Modular Metric Space with a Graph
Authors: Rashed Alfuraidan Monther
Published: March 2015

We study the existence of fixed points for contraction multivalued mappings in modular metric spaces endowed with a graph. The notion of a modular metric on an arbitrary set and the corresponding modular spaces, generalizing classical modulars over linear spaces like Orlicz spaces, were recently introduced. This paper can be seen as a generalization of Nadler and Edelstein’s fixed point theorems to modular metric spaces endowed with a graph.
الافتتاحية
Authors: Laude Patrick
Published: March 2015

كان التقاطع بين العلم التجريبيّوالمعرفة والدين واحدً من المواضيع الهامّة والحسّاسة التي أُثيرت خلال القرون الماضية ولا سيّما في الغرب. وهذه المواضيع قد تطوّرت بطريقة متنافرةتُبعدها تدريجيًّا عن بعضها.كان هذا التنافر بين المعرفة والدين قد أحدث تغييرًا عميقًا في كليهما، وخاصّةًفي الغرب، منذ الثورة العلميّة في القرن السابع عشر، حين انحصرت المعرفة بشكل كلّيّتقريبًا في المعلومات حول الطبيعة،وحيث أضحت ظلًّاللظواهر يلتقطه العقل الإنسانيّ، بينما أصبح الدين في كثير من الأحيان، وخاصّةً في القرون المتأخّرة،مجرّد اعتقاد متّصل بالعادات والمشاعر. ونتيجة ذلك،أصبح الدين اليوم نظام اعتقاد قائم على افتراضات وأسس حول معرفة الطبيعة والعالم بدلًا من كونه نشاطًا للبحث في الطبيعة ونظام الكون. الدين لم يعد علمًا بالمعنى المتعارف،أي وسيلةً لمعرفة الحقيقة المطلقة، ومن ثمّ معرفة الكون والذات.في الوقع، أصبح الدين،وبصفة متزايدة، متعلّقًا بالمشاعر الشخصيّة، وفقه المعاملات، والأوامر والنواهي، كمّا يتحوّل في بعض الأحيان، إلى مجرّد إيديولوجيا.يمكن تصوير العلاقة المعاصرة بين الدين والعلم الأشكال التالي:أوّلًا: هناك عداء يغذّيه شعور بأنّ كلًّا من جانبَي الدين والعلم قد يكون مهدَّدًا من قبل الطرف الآخر لأسباب تنافسيّة.ثانيًا: هناك تفسير متزايد من جانب الدين والعلم، متلازم من ناحية، من حيث فهم العالم،ومتكامل، من ناحية أخرى. وهذا يثري الرؤية الإنسانيّة.اعتمادًا على وجهة النظر هذه، قد يرقى العلم التجريبيّ من التحقّق من صحة الدين، أو بالعكس من رؤية مسبقة من العلم بالدين.إنّ الصراع بين الدين والعلم ليس دائمًا،ويمكن أن يحصل التقارب بينهما في بعض الأحيان. في الواقع، الدين هو الاعتقاد الجازم، بينما العلم يعبّر عن المعرفة الرقميّة التجريبيّة. ولكن،قد تختلف هذه القاعدة في بعض الأحيان، ومثال ذلك يفسّره حنين المسلمينإلى ماضيهم الذي كانت فيه المعرفيّة العلميّة تتمتّعبمكانة متميّزة.ولاستعادة هذا المجد، سلك المسلمون طريقةً تبني بقوّة نظريّة العلم الحديث،ومن ثمّ أسلمتها، مع بعض التحفّظات في مجال الأخلاقethique،وحصر القرآن في هذا الصدد في كونه مجرّد مرجع علميّ تجريبيّ.كما ظهر الغلوّ في النظريّة العلميّة التجريبيّة بين المسلمين.وفي هذا الإطار، حصل تغافل لدى البعض عن أن مصطلح العلم يشمل مفاهيم ومعانيأوسع ممّا أدركه الناس اليوم. ومن هنا فإنّ كلمة العلم، في القرآن الكريم،المذكورة في آيات مختلفة،تبقى تحدّيًا للترجمات والتطبيقات المعاصرة. ويعرّف علماء المسلمين،مثل الجرجاني في القرن الرابع عشر، العلم بأنّه ""الاستيقاظالجازم المطابق للواقع""، أي (اليقين الراسخ المطابق للواقع)، في كتابالتعريفات. وتحتوي العديد من آيات القرآن الكريمعلى معاني أخرى لكلمة العلم،قد لا يقتصر على المفهوم العصريّ للعلم.وفي هذا الصدد، يمكن القول بأنّ""العلم الإلهيّ اللدنيّ""، كما هو علم الخضر (""وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْمًا"" [سورةالكهف: الآية 65])، هو متغاير عن العلم التجريبيّ المعاصر.في الختام،يمكن أن نؤكّد أنّ مصطلحَيالعلم والمعرفة يشتملان على مجموعة من المفاهيم الأشياء (والتصوّرات).وهذا التطوّرللمعرفة وسّع منإطار الثورة المعرفيّة الأوربيّة الحديثة.كما أنّتلك الثورة فتحت مجالات مادّيّة جديدة للبحث لم تكن معروفةً من قبل. ولكن يبقى أن هذا التقدّم العلميّ الكبير كان على حساب فقدان قيم الوجدان الإلهاميّ، وإدراك البركة الإلهيّة.باتريك لودرئيس تحرير
علاقة الدين والعلم مع رافي رافيندرا
Authors: Ravindra Ravi
Published: March 2015

تتّخذ العلاقة بين العلم التجريبيّ والدين طابع التنابذ في عقول الكثيرين. بيد أنّ التمييز الواعي لحدود كلٍّ منهما يظهرهما متقاربين ومتكاملين. فالعلم التجريبيّ يسعى إلى كسف أسرار الكون كما أودعها الله فيه، ويُدرك بُعدها الجماليّ. وهو في الحالين لا يتّسع إلّا بالتواضع، وإدراك محدوديّته، ونبذ أنانيّته. فيتمازج مع التجربة الروحيّة المنغمسة في تقصّي الغيب، ويتوازن معها في معايشة التجربة الذاتيّة.
شرح الحوار بين ابن العربي وابن رشدأوبين عرفان البصيرة وعلم العقل
Authors: Meftah Abdel Baki
Published: March 2015

يتّفق ابن رشد وابن العربي في تشخيص طُرُق المعرفة. فالمعرفة إمّا عقليّة برهانيّة متاحة للجميع، أو كشفيّة ذوقيّة تدركها الخاصّة. وفي الحالين، فإنّ للشريعة مدخلًا ذا امتياز. إلّا أنّهما يختلفان في الأوّليّة. فابن رشد يرى العقل مقدَّمًا على الكشف، وابن العربي ينهى العقل عن طرق الغيبيّات. إذ العقل عنده له أن ينفي ويهذِّب، لا أن يثبت. وينسحب سؤال المعرفة عند كليهما على موقفهما من مسألة الحشر الجسمانيّ.
دور العلم والتكنولوجيا في تحقيق التواصل بين الجماعات الدينيّة
Authors: Mbarek Ali Ben
Published: March 2015

بعد مرحلة من التشكيك، وتقديم العلوم الشرعيّة على العلوم المعاصرة، تعي النُّخَب الدينيّة اليوم أهمّيّة الخيار التكنولوجيّ في تعزيز الحياة البشريّة. والدين من جهته، في مقاصده الكبرى، يرشّد التكنولوجيا ويحول دون تطوّرها في اتّجاه امتهان الكرامة الإنسانيّة، والفساد في الأرض. فالتكنولوجيا تحتاج إلى منظومة قيميّة توفّرها الأديان، وهي بدورها تقدّم الخيار التواصليّ الذي يجمع هذه الأديان، ويعمّق علاقاتها ببعضها.
لماذا العلم بحر بلا شواطئ في ميزان العقل والنقل؟
Authors: Dhaouadi Mahmoud
Published: March 2015

يولد العقل البشريّ في أحضان الرموز البشريّة، وهي الجانب غير المادّيّ فيه، الذي يؤهّله لخلافة الله، وسيادة العالم. ولـمّا كان مردّ البعد الرمزيّ في الإنسان إلى النفخة الثقافيّة الإلهيّة، وهي كاملة وغير محدودة، فإنّ رغبة الإنسان في العلم غير محدودة، ويظلّ باب العلم مفتوحًا أمامه بلا نهاية.
حقيقة العلم بين بصيرة القلب وفكر العقلالشيخ عبدالواحد يحيى(رنيه جينوRené Guénon)
Authors: Meftah Abdel Baki
Published: March 2015

عادةً ما يُنظر إلى القلب والعقل (الدماغ) على أنّهما قطبان في الوجود الإنسانيّ، يتنابذان أو يتضادّان، إلّا أنّهما، في الصميم متكافئان. بيد أنّ هذه الثنائيّة تذهب بوحدة الكائن، وهو أمر باطل. فالقلب والعقل محكومان لعلاقة من نوع آخر هي علاقة التبعيّة. وعلم القلب، أو العلم المقدّس، مؤسَّس جوهريًّا على المعرفة فوق-العقلانيّة، أو المعرفة الظاهريّة، ولا بدّ فيه من التحقّق، في حين تكون المعرفة العقلانيّة قابلةً للتبليغ، مستغنيةً عن التحقّق.
Biographies
Authors: Meftah Abdel Baki
Published: March 2015

عادةً ما يُنظر إلى القلب والعقل (الدماغ) على أنّهما قطبان في الوجود الإنسانيّ، يتنابذان أو يتضادّان، إلّا أنّهما، في الصميم متكافئان. بيد أنّ هذه الثنائيّة تذهب بوحدة الكائن، وهو أمر باطل. فالقلب والعقل محكومان لعلاقة من نوع آخر هي علاقة التبعيّة. وعلم القلب، أو العلم المقدّس، مؤسَّس جوهريًّا على المعرفة فوق-العقلانيّة، أو المعرفة الظاهريّة، ولا بدّ فيه من التحقّق، في حين تكون المعرفة العقلانيّة قابلةً للتبليغ، مستغنيةً عن التحقّق.