bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gammaherpesviral Tegument Proteins, PML-Nuclear Bodies and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
Authors: Full Florian , Hahn Alexander , Großkopf Anna , Ensser Armin
Published: October 2017

Gammaherpesviruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) subvert the ubiquitin proteasome system for their own benefit in order to facilitate viral gene expression and replication. In particular, viral tegument proteins that share sequence homology to the formylglycineamide ribonucleotide amidotransferase (FGARAT, or PFAS), an enzyme in the cellular purine biosynthesis, are important for disrupting the intrinsic antiviral response associated with Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) protein-associated nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) by proteasome-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, all herpesviruses encode for a potent ubiquitin protease that can efficiently remove ubiquitin chains from proteins and thereby interfere with several different cellular pathways. In this review, we discuss mechanisms and functional consequences of virus-induced ubiquitination and deubiquitination for early events in gammaherpesviral infection.
Phosphonic acid: preparation and applications
Authors: Sevrain Charlotte M , Berchel Mathieu , Couthon Hélène , Jaffrès Paul-Alain
Published: October 2017

The phosphonic acid functional group, which is characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (two hydroxy groups and one P=O double bond) and one carbon atom, is employed for many applications due to its structural analogy with the phosphate moiety or to its coordination or supramolecular properties. Phosphonic acids were used for their bioactive properties (drug, pro-drug), for bone targeting, for the design of supramolecular or hybrid materials, for the functionalization of surfaces, for analytical purposes, for medical imaging or as phosphoantigen. These applications are covering a large panel of research fields including chemistry, biology and physics thus making the synthesis of phosphonic acids a determinant question for numerous research projects. This review gives, first, an overview of the different fields of application of phosphonic acids that are illustrated with studies mainly selected over the last 20 years. Further, this review reports the different methods that can be used for the synthesis of phosphonic acids from dialkyl or diaryl phosphonate, from dichlorophosphine or dichlorophosphine oxide, from phosphonodiamide, or by oxidation of phosphinic acid. Direct methods that make use of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and that produce a phosphonic acid functional group simultaneously to the formation of the P–C bond, are also surveyed. Among all these methods, the dealkylation of dialkyl phosphonates under either acidic conditions (HCl) or using the McKenna procedure (a two-step reaction that makes use of bromotrimethylsilane followed by methanolysis) constitute the best methods to prepare phosphonic acids.
Spectroscopic Observations of Magnetic Reconnection and Chromospheric Evaporation in an X-shaped Solar Flare
Authors: Li Y. , Kelly M. , Ding M. D. , Qiu J. , Zhu X. S. , Gan W. Q.
Published: October 2017

We present observations of distinct UV spectral properties at different locations during an atypical X-shaped flare (SOL2014-11-09T15:32) observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). In this flare, four chromospheric ribbons appear and converge at an X-point where a separator is anchored. Above the X-point, two sets of non-coplanar coronal loops approach laterally and reconnect at the separator. The IRIS slit was located close to the X-point, cutting across some of the flare ribbons and loops. Near the location of the separator, the Si iv 1402.77 Å line exhibits significantly broadened line wings extending to 200 km s−1 with an unshifted line core. These spectral features suggest the presence of bidirectional flows possibly related to the separator reconnection. While at the flare ribbons, the hot Fe xxi 1354.08 Å line shows blueshifts and the cool Si iv 1402.77 Å, C ii 1335.71 Å, and Mg ii 2803.52 Å lines show evident redshifts up to a velocity of 80 km s−1, which are consistent with the scenario of chromospheric evaporation/condensation.
Photochemistry of Coronene in Cosmic Water Ice Analogs at Different Concentrations
Authors: de Barros A. L. F. , Mattioda A. L. , Ricca A. , Cruz-Diaz G.A. , Allamandola L. J.
Published: October 2017

This work presents the photochemistry of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated coronene in water ices at 15 K studied using mid-infrared Fourier transform (FTIR) spectroscopy for C24H12:H2O at concentrations of (1:50), (1:150), (1:200), (1:300), and (1:400). Previous UV irradiation studies of anthracene:H2O, pyrene:H2O, and benzo[ghi]perylene:H2O ices at 15 K have shown that aromatic alcohols and ketones, as well as CO2 and H2CO, are formed at very low temperatures. Likewise, here, in addition to the coronene cation, hydroxy-, keto-, and protonated coronene (coronene H+) are formed. The rate constants for the decay of neutral coronene and for the formation of photoproducts have been derived. It is shown that Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their UV induced PAH:H2O photoproducts have mid-infrared spectroscopic signatures in the 5–8 μm region that can contribute to the interstellar ice components described by Boogert et al. as C1–C5. Our results suggest that oxygenated and hydrogenated PAHs could be in UV-irradiated regions of the interstellar medium where water-rich ices are important.
Multipoles and Force on External Points for a Two-layered Spheroidal Liquid Mass Rotating Differentialy
Authors: Cisneros-Parra Joel U. , Martinez-Herrera Francisco J. , Montalvo-Castro J. Daniel
Published: October 2017

We recently reported on a series of equilibrium figures for a self-gravitating heterogeneous liquid body, consisting of two concentric distorted spheroids, “nucleus” and “atmosphere,” each endowed with its own internal motion of differential rotation. In our current work, we calculate the body’s force at external points and obtain a multipolar expansion of the potential. We also give an account of figures with prolate nuclei, which remained unnoticed by us in our former paper.
Near-IR Spectroscopy of Luminous LoBAL Quasars at 1 < z < 2.5
Authors: Schulze Andreas , Schramm Malte , Zuo Wenwen , Wu Xue-Bing , Urrutia Tanya , Kotilainen Jari , Reynolds Thomas , Terao Koki , Nagao Tohru , Izumiura Hideyuki
Published: October 2017

We present near-IR spectroscopy of 22 luminous low-ionization broad absorption line quasars (LoBAL QSOs) at redshift

, with 12 objects at z ∼ 1.5 and 10 at z ∼ 2.3. The spectra cover the rest-frame Hα and Hβ line regions, allowing us to obtain robust black hole mass estimates based on the broad Hα line. We use these data, augmented by a lower-redshift sample from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to test the proposed youth scenario for LoBALs, which suggests that LoBALs constitute an early short-lived evolutionary stage of quasar activity, by probing for any difference in their masses, Eddington ratios, or rest-frame optical spectroscopic properties compared to normal quasars. In addition, we construct the UV to mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for the LoBAL sample and a matched non-BAL quasar sample. We do not find any statistically significant difference between LoBAL QSOs and non-BAL QSOs in their black hole mass or Eddington ratio distributions. The mean UV to mid-IR SED of the LoBAL QSOs is consistent with non-BAL QSOs, apart from their stronger reddening. At

there is no clear difference in their optical emission line properties. We do not see particularly weak [O iii] or strong Fe ii emission. The LoBAL QSOs do not show a stronger prevalence of ionized gas outflows as traced by the [O iii] line, compared to normal QSOs of similar luminosity. We conclude that the optical–MIR properties of LoBAL QSOs are consistent with the general quasar population and do not support them to constitute a special phase of active galactic nucleus evolution.
What Causes the High Apparent Speeds in Chromospheric and Transition Region Spicules on the Sun?
Authors: De Pontieu Bart , Martínez-Sykora Juan , Chintzoglou Georgios
Published: October 2017

Spicules are the most ubuiquitous type of jets in the solar atmosphere. The advent of high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and ground-based observatories has revealed the presence of very high apparent motions of order 100–300 km s−1 in spicules, as measured in the plane of the sky. However, line of sight measurements of such high speeds have been difficult to obtain, with values deduced from Doppler shifts in spectral lines typically of order 30–70 km s−1. In this work, we resolve this long-standing discrepancy using recent 2.5D radiative MHD simulations. This simulation has revealed a novel driving mechanism for spicules in which ambipolar diffusion resulting from ion-neutral interactions plays a key role. In our simulation, we often see that the upward propagation of magnetic waves and electrical currents from the low chromosphere into already existing spicules can lead to rapid heating when the currents are rapidly dissipated by ambipolar diffusion. The combination of rapid heating and the propagation of these currents at Alfvénic speeds in excess of 100 km s−1 leads to the very rapid apparent motions, and often wholesale appearance, of spicules at chromospheric and transition region temperatures. In our simulation, the observed fast apparent motions in such jets are actually a signature of a heating front, and much higher than the mass flows, which are of order 30–70 km s−1. Our results can explain the behavior of transition region “network jets” and the very high apparent speeds reported for some chromospheric spicules.
Voyage en terres d’autismes
Authors: Pelloux Anne-Sylvie
Published: October 2017

L’auteure s’est plongée dans plusieurs récits et témoignages de personnes autistes sur le mode d’un voyage en pays étranger. Elle s’interroge sur l’expression croissante issue de mouvements de « patients » ou autres minorités et leur prise en compte. Elle relate quelques faits marquants comme la prégnance du monde sensoriel ou la déconnexion entre corps et esprit, qu’elle a relevés dans ces récits. Enfin, elle discute du sens et des effets de cette forme de transmission entre personnes autistes et « neuro-typiques ».
Réflexions sur les modalités de transmission à partir d’un parcours en intersecteur
Authors: Constant Jacques
Published: October 2017

À partir du témoignage d’un praticien dont la carrière égale la durée de vie du dispositif administratif intitulé « intersecteur de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile » (1972/2009), le texte décrit les modalités de transmission des savoirs, savoirfaire et savoir-être, tels qu’ils ont été vécus dans ce cadre. L’accent est mis sur l’évolution des conceptions et des modes de soins pour les cas les plus graves. On distingue la transmission verticale descendante universitaire traditionnelle avec la spécificité du perfectionnement en pédopsychiatrie, la transmission horizontale entre pairs et circulaire en équipe.
Les limites de la visite médiatisée dans la création des liens précoces
Authors: Mondon Amélie
Published: October 2017

Les premiers mois de vie du bébé sont des moments-clés dans la constitution des liens d’attachement auprès de son parent. Pour autant, il est à se demander comment travailler ces liens lorsqu’une décision judiciaire impose une séparation parent/enfant et ordonne des rencontres ponctuelles. L’article soulève trois principales questions : est-ce que l’outil de la visite médiatisée, pouvant être ordonné en premier lieu par le magistrat, est adapté pour soutenir ces liens ? Comment le professionnel s’inscrit-il dans la médiatisation de la relation ? Quelles sont les évolutions possibles dans les pratiques en protection de l’enfance ?
Chapitre 3. El principio de precaución. Estado de situación en el derecho Argentino
Authors: Kemelmajer de Carlucci Aída
Published: October 2017

Le nouveau code civil et commercial argentin règle le principe de prévention. En revanche, le principe de précaution est contenu dans la loi de l’environnement. Un nombre important de cas a atteint la Cour suprême. En règle générale, cette Cour a estimé que les décisions concernant le principe de précaution ont un caractère définitif, c’est-à-dire, ne sont pas des référés. Dans la plupart des cas, la situation est générée par l’État lui-même, qui n’a pas un contrôle adéquat. Les décisions montrent un système judiciaire préoccupé par la protection de l’environnement.
Se créer des doubles de soi
Authors: Guinard Frédérik
Published: October 2017

Dans l’axe des recherches en clinique de la création, l’auteur propose d’envisager l’expérience cinématographique comme un mouvement auto-réfléxif de l’art humain qui prolonge les courants les plus réalistes de l’art pictural. A partir du récit de l’origine du cinématographe et de l’analyse de trois films : Dans la peau de John Malkovich, Le mystère Picasso et Fados , l’auteur explorera tout le jeu de paradoxalité qu’implique cette saisie de l’homme par lui-même au travers d’une expérience d’enregistrement scénarisée et de re-vision différée. Il montrera que le dispositif technique de l’art cinématographique constitue son propre angle mort et qu’il doit nécessairement se tourner vers d’autres arts pour évoluer d’un fantasme de saisie réaliste et holistique de l’identité humaine à une expérience auto-subjective empreinte de profondeur et de vérité.
Jeunesse populaire et État en Argentine
Authors: Martinez Candice
Published: October 2017

En Argentine, la lutte contre la délinquance juvénile se constitue en objet de l’action publique avec l’arrivée au pouvoir du président Fernando de la Rúa, candidat de la coalition de partis appelée l’« Alliance », élu en 1999. Ce gouvernement centriste adopte un plan de prévention de la délinquance qui comprend un programme de prévention sociale ciblé sur les jeunes issus des quartiers dits marginaux, considérés en risque de devenir délinquants ou déjà engagés dans des activités illicites. Mais cette stratégie se heurte à la résistance des populations ciblées par cette politique publique, mettant au jour la difficile question du rapport entre l’État, les quartiers défavorisés et la jeunesse populaire. Cet article revient sur la place accordée à la jeunesse populaire dans l’action publique depuis le retour de la démocratie. Ensuite, à partir d’une enquête de terrain portant sur la mise en œuvre du programme « Communautés vulnérables » dans une villa miseria de la province de Buenos Aires, il réinterroge le rapport entre État, engagement politique et jeunesse populaire en Argentine à partir du point de vue des jeunes.
Personnel éducatif et déficience intellectuelle : vers une redéfinition des territoires et des valeurs professionnelles
Authors: Kuehni Morgane , Bovey Laurent
Published: October 2017

Cet article mobilise les outils théoriques de la sociologie des professions pour questionner l’impact de l’intervention étatique sur l’éducation sociale dans le domaine du handicap. Partant d’une enquête empirique, il analyse les dimensions objectives de cette intervention en termes de délimitation de territoires et de division du travail, mais aussi ses dimensions symboliques, en termes de valeurs professionnelles et de critères du travail bien fait. L’analyse qualitative met au jour les injonctions contradictoires, mais aussi les dilemmes éthiques auxquels font face les professionnel-le-s dans leur travail quotidien.
Introduction à une politique des frontières
Authors: Causse Jean-Daniel
Published: October 2017

En introduction du dossier, Jean-Daniel Causse pose le problème de la frontière à l’articulation de la conjoncture et de la structure. En effet, si les questions de notre temps, liées à un contexte donné, sont particulières, il ne faut pas occulter ce qui fait de la frontière une élaboration propre au monde des humains. Trois éléments sont évoqués : d’abord, un exil, qui est certes celui que connaissent les hommes et les femmes qui par choix ou par nécessité émigrent, mais qui est également le fait que chacun habite d’emblée dans le lieu de l’Autre ; ensuite, la positivité de l’idée de frontière contre les fantasmes d’un monde sans limite et en même temps le drame d’une frontière qui sert à construire des identités par différenciation avec une tendance à persécuter ce qui n’est pas soi ; enfin, la notion de frontière interprétée en fonction d’un franchissement qui donne une certaine valeur éthique à l’idée même de transgression.
Treatment-related post-operative mortality after cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Alzahrani Nayef , Valle Sarah J. , Liauw Winston , Morris David L.
Published: October 2017

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has an established role in selected patients for the treatment of peritoneal surface malignancy. However, CRS/HIPEC is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to identify risk factors for post-operative mortality in an attempt to improve patient outcomes post CRS/HIPEC. This is a retrospective study of prospectively collected data on 1019 patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC by the same surgical team at St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia, between January 1996 and July 2016. During the 20-year time-period seventeen patients (1.67%) died postoperatively. A higher peritoneal cancer index (PCI), completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score, longer operative time and a volume of intra-operative transfusion were evident in the hospital mortality group and were significantly associated with postoperative mortality on univariate analysis. Postoperative complications including infection, bleeding, pneumonia, fistula, collection and pancreatic leak were also associated with post-operative mortality. The most common cause of death was sepsis (n=15, 88.2%). It is difficult to determine pre-operative factors that can be utilized as predictors of post-operative mortality, as the overall incidence of in-hospital mortality post CRS/HIPEC was very low on our unit. Nevertheless, a cascade of events and learning curve was displayed.
Time of symptom onset and histologic findings in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: new findings on useful correlations
Authors: Porru Daniele , Bobbi Valentina , Di Franco Carmelo , Viglio Alessandra , Novario Mattia , Tinelli Carmine , Gardella Barbara , Nappi Rossella , Spinillo Arsenio , Paulli Marco , Rovereto Bruno
Published: October 2017

The aim was to find out whether a correlation exists between denudation of urothelium and time of symptom onset in patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), and to search a correlation between impact of symptoms evaluated with ICSI-ICPI and the presence of comorbid conditions associated with BPS/IC. Ninety-seven consecutive patients underwent cystoscopy under general anesthesia to classify those cases suspected of being affected from BPS/IC. Three cold bladder biopsies were taken including detrusor muscle. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between IC/BPS duration and the presence of Hunner’s lesions (P<0.023). Hunner’s lesion with cystoscopy and histological evidence of urothelial denudation with bladder biopsy appear to be items related to IC/BPS duration. Thus an early diagnosis allows to start an appropriate therapeutic approach and prevent a more severe evolution of this multifaceted painful syndrome. Our study shows a correlation between time of symptom onset and evidence of urothelial denudation and with detrusor mast cell count in the whole group of patients. IC/BPS duration seem to correlate with the presence of associated diseases.
Primary adrenal teratoma
Authors: Ramakant P , Rana C , Singh KR , Mishra A
Published: October 2017

We report a rare case of a 25-year-old lady who presented with right hypochondriac pain associated with weakness for 3 months. Her hormonal evaluation was normal. Computed tomography scan revealed an adrenal mass for which a right open transperitoneal adrenalectomy was performed, and the lesion was diagnosed as mature teratoma on histopathological examination. Teratoma is an unusual neoplasm which arises from one or all the three germ layers. Extragonadal teratomas are rare in adults as compared to children and are mostly retroperitoneal in location, constituting only 4% of all primary teratomas. Primary adrenal teratomas are even rarer and to the best of our knowledge, only eight cases have been reported in adults in the past 10 years. Adrenal teratoma can pose a diagnostic challenge because radiologically it mimics myelolipoma, angiomyolipoma, liposarcoma, or pheochromocytoma. Mature teratomas are usually benign but may possess malignant potential, the chances of which are greater in adults as compared to children, making it an important entity requiring a proper diagnosis and management.
Effect of Vitamin D therapy on urinary albumin excretion, renal functions, and plasma renin among patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liyanage PLGC , Lekamwasam S , Weerarathna TP , Liyanage C
Published: October 2017

Background:

Despite different management strategies, progression of proteinuria occurs in a sizable category of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Increase in serum renin levels induced by the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to this. Vitamin D therapy is found to have an inhibitory effect on the RAS. We aimed to study the effects of Vitamin D therapy on renal functions of patients with DN.

Methods:

This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients with DN (urinary albumin [UA] >30 mg/g of creatinine) whose estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was more than 30 mL/min were selected and their plasma renin, parathyroid hormone, serum Vitamin D, serum calcium, serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar were done as baseline measurements. Subjects were randomized into two groups and treatment group was given Vitamin D, 50000 IU (0.25 ml) intramuscularly (IM) monthly for 6 months; control group received distilled water IM. Investigations were repeated after 6 months of therapy.

Results:

Of 155 patients invited, 85 were randomly assigned to two groups. After 6 months, mean reduction of UA to creatinine ratio in the treatment and control group was 51.8 mg/g (95% confidence interval [CI]; 66.1–−37.5, P ≤ 0.001); 22.4 mg/g (95% CI; −45.7–0.8, P = 0.06), respectively (between group difference P = 0.001). Significant increase in the eGFR observed in the treatment group while eGFR remained unchanged in the control group (P = 0.03 for the between-group difference). Mean reduction in plasma renin in treatment group and control group was 5.85 pg/mL (95% CI; −6.7–−4.6) (P < 0.001) and 0.95 pg/mL (95% CI; −1.4–−0.14, P = 0.02), respectively.

Conclusions:

Vitamin D 50000 IU given IM monthly for 6 months reduces urine albumin, serum creatinine, and renin levels in patients with DN.
Comparison of stress and burnout among anesthesia and surgical residents in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Authors: Gandhi K , Sahni N , Padhy SK , Mathew PJ
Published: October 2017

Objective:

The residents undergoing training at hospitals in our country face challenges in terms of infrastructure and high workload with undefined working hours. The aim of the study was to compare the stress and burnout levels in trainee doctors doing residency in surgical fields and anesthesia at a tertiary care academic center in North India.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. After Ethics Committee approval, 200 residents (100 each from surgical branches and anesthesia) were required to fill a questionnaire with information about age, sex, year of residency, marital status, and the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire-12. Burnout and perceived stress were compared between residents of anesthesia and surgical specialties.

Results:

Residents of both surgical and anesthesia branches scored high in perceived stress, namely 21 and 18, respectively. The score was significantly higher in surgical residents (P = 0.03) and increased progressively with the year of residency. The majority of residents (90% surgical, 80% anesthesia) felt that they were being overloaded with work. However, only 20%–30% of respondents felt that there was lack of development of individual skills and still fewer (<10%) reported giving up in view of difficulties.

Conclusion:

There is high level of stress and overload dimension of burnout among the residents of anesthesia and surgical branches at our tertiary care academic institution and the surgical residents score marginally higher than anesthesia residents.
Почти-периодические алгебры и их автоморфизмы
Authors: Antonevich Anatolij Borisovich , Buzulutskaya A N
Published: October 2017

Рассматривается вопрос о виде пространства максимальных идеалов
почти-периодической алгебры, состоящей из функций
на $\mathbb{R}^m$. Показано, что это пространство
гомеоморфно топологической группе, двойственной к группе частот
рассматриваемой алгебры. В случае квазипериодической алгебры
описаны отображения $\mathbb{R}^n$,
порождающие автоморфизмы алгебры. Приведен ряд конкретных примеров
и отмечена связь с теорией квазикристаллов.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Fctors that Influence Engagement in Home Food Production: Perceptions of Citizens of Trinidad
Authors: Warner Laura A. , Harder Amy M. , Henry C. Vernon , Ganpat Wayne G. , Martin Emmett
Published: October 2017

Home food production plays a critical role in food security for residents of Trinidad and Tobago and around the world. The purpose of this study was to examine barriers and benefits that influence residents’ engagement in or rejection of home food production to inform social marketing programs. To address study objectives, interviews were conducted with 40 participants who represented five distinct Habitat for Humanity communities. Four subthemes emerged among the benefits associated with engaging in home food production: economic benefits, food safety, sharing and reciprocity, and personal well-being. Among the barriers, subthemes included: monetary expenses associated with start-up, lack of nonmonetary resources, lack of experience, generational disconnect, and barriers beyond human control such as the weather. While findings revealed many factors may hinder residents growing food around homes, there were high perceived social and financial values associated with this practice. Implications point to strategies that agricultural education professionals can use to encourage home food production among Trinidadians and in other locations.
The maintenance of elevated active chlorine levels in the Antarctic lower stratosphere through HCl null-cycles
Authors: Müller Rolf , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Zafar Abdul Mannan , Lehmann Ralph
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole arises from ozone destruction driven by elevated levels of ozone destroying (active) chlorine in Antarctic spring. These elevated levels of active chlorine have to be formed first and then maintained throughout the period of ozone destruction. It is a matter of debate, how this maintenance of active chlorine is brought about in Antarctic spring, when the rate of formation of HCl (considered to be the main chlorine deactivation mechanism in Antarctica) is extremely high. Here we show that in the heart of the ozone hole (16–18 km or 100–70 hPa, in the core of the vortex), high levels of active chlorine are maintained by effective chemical cycles (referred to as HCl null-cycles hereafter). In these cycles, the formation of HCl is balanced by immediate reactivation, i.e. by immediate reformation of active chlorine. Under these conditions, polar stratospheric clouds sequester HNO3 and thereby cause NO2 concentrations to be low. These HCl null-cycles allow active chlorine levels to be maintained in the Antarctic lower stratosphere and thus rapid ozone destruction to occur. For the observed almost complete activation of stratospheric chlorine in the lower stratosphere, the heterogeneous reaction HCl + HOCl, the production of HOCl via HO2 + ClO, with the HO2 resulting from CH2O photolysis, is essential. These results are important for assessing the impact of changes of the future stratospheric composition on the recovery of the ozone hole. Our simulations indicate that, in the lower stratosphere, future increased methane concentrations will not lead to enhanced chlorine deactivation (through the reaction CH4 + Cl → HCl + CH3) and that extreme ozone destruction to levels below ≈ 0.1 ppm will occur until mid-century.
Variations in soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and stoichiometry along forest succession in southern China
Authors: Ouyang Shuai , Xiang Wenhua , Gou Mengmeng , Lei Pifeng , Chen Liang , Deng Xiangwen , Zhao Zhonghui
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Floristic composition changes during forest succession influence nutrient cycling. However, variation patterns of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P), and soil stoichiometry (C : N, C : P, and N : P ratios) along forest succession are controversial. In this study, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm in three forests at early, middle, and late succession stages. Concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were measured. As succession proceeds, concentrations and storage of SOC and TN exhibited a significant increasing tendency, while those of TP decreased significantly. The tendency was more pronounced (P
Effect of wind speed on the size distribution of biogenic gel particles in the sea surface microlayer: Insights from a wind wave channel experiment
Authors: Sun Cui-Ci , Sperling Martin , Engel Anja
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Biogenic gels particles, such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP), are important components in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). The accumulation of gel particles in the SML and their potential implications for gas exchange and emission of primary organic aerosols have generated considerable research interest in recent years. Changes in the particle-size distribution (PSD) can provide important information for the understanding of physical and chemical processes involving gel particles, such as aggregation, degradation or loss. So far, little is known regarding the influence of wind speed on the size distribution of marine gel particles in the surface microlayer. Here, we present results on the effect of different wind speeds on the PSD of TEP and CSP during a wind wave channel experiment in the Aeolotron. Total area of TEP and CSP were exponentially related to wind speed in the SML. At wind speeds  8 m s−1 also significantly altered the PSD slope of TEP in the 2–16 μm size range toward smaller size. Changes in spectral slopes at wind speeds > 8 m s−1 were more pronounced for TEP than for CSP indicating a high aggregation potential for TEP in the SML, potentially enhancing the export of TEP by aggregates settling out of the SML. Our experiment provided evidence for the control of wind speed on the accumulation of biogenic gel particles and their PSD changes, providing a useful insight into particle dynamics and biophysical processes at the interface between air and sea.
The development and evaluation of a hydrological seasonal forecast system prototype for predicting spring flood volumes in Swedish rivers
Authors: Foster Kean , Bertacchi Uvo Cintia , Olsson Jonas
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Hydropower makes up nearly half of Sweden's electrical energy production. However, the distribution of the water resources is not aligned with demand, most of the inflows to the reservoirs occur during the spring flood period. This means that carefully planned reservoir management is required to help redistribute the water resources to ensure optimal production and accurate forecasts of the spring flood volume (SFV) is essential for this. The current operational SFV forecasts use a historical ensemble approach where the HBV model is forced with historical observations of precipitation and temperature. In this work we develop and test a multi-model prototype, building on previous work, and evaluate its ability to forecast the SFV in 84 sub-basins in northern Sweden. The testing is done using cross-validated hindcasts for the period 1981–2015 and the results are evaluated against both climatology and the current system to determine skill. Both the considered multi-model methods considered showed skill over the reference forecasts, however the version that combined the historical modelling chain, dynamical modelling chain, and statistical modelling chain performed better than the other and was chosen for the prototype. The prototype was able to outperform the current operational system on average 65 % of the time and reduce the error in the SFV by ~ 6 % across all subbasins and forecast dates.
A Spatiotemporal Prediction Framework for Air Pollution Based on Deep RNN
Authors: Fan J. , Li Q. , Hou J. , Feng X. , Karimian H. , Lin S.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Time series data in practical applications always contain missing values due to sensor malfunction, network failure, outliers etc. In order to handle missing values in time series, as well as the lack of considering temporal properties in machine learning models, we propose a spatiotemporal prediction framework based on missing value processing algorithms and deep recurrent neural network (DRNN). By using missing tag and missing interval to represent time series patterns, we implement three different missing value fixing algorithms, which are further incorporated into deep neural network that consists of LSTM (Long Short-term Memory) layers and fully connected layers. Real-world air quality and meteorological datasets (Jingjinji area, China) are used for model training and testing. Deep feed forward neural networks (DFNN) and gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) are trained as baseline models against the proposed DRNN. Performances of three missing value fixing algorithms, as well as different machine learning models are evaluated and analysed. Experiments show that the proposed DRNN framework outperforms both DFNN and GBDT, therefore validating the capacity of the proposed framework. Our results also provides useful insights for better understanding of different strategies that handle missing values.
MODELLING URBAN NOISE IN CITYGML ADE: CASE OF THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Kumar K. , Ledoux H. , Commandeur T. J. F. , Stoter J. E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Road traffic and industrial noise has become a major source of discomfort and annoyance among the residents in urban areas. More than 44 % of the EU population is regularly exposed to road traffic noise levels over 55 dB, which is currently the maximum accepted value prescribed by the Environmental Noise Directive for road traffic noise. With continuously increasing population and number of motor vehicles and industries, it is very unlikely to hope for noise levels to diminish in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor urban noise, so as to make mitigation plans and to deal with its adverse effects. The 2002/49/EC Environmental Noise Directive aims to determine the exposure of an individual to environmental noise through noise mapping. One of the most important steps in noise mapping is the creation of input data for simulation. At present, it is done semi-automatically (and sometimes even manually) by different companies in different ways and is very time consuming and can lead to errors in the data. In this paper, we present our approach for automatically creating input data for noise simulations. Secondly, we focus on using 3D city models for presenting the results of simulation for the noise arising from road traffic and industrial activities in urban areas. We implemented a few noise modelling standards for industrial and road traffic noise in CityGML by extending the existing Noise ADE with new objects and attributes. This research is a steping stone in the direction of standardising the input and output data for noise studies and for reconstructing the 3D data accordingly.
FEASIBILITY OF MULTISPECTRAL AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION, ROAD MAPPING AND MAP UPDATING
Authors: Matikainen L. , Karila K. , Hyyppä J. , Puttonen E. , Litkey P. , Ahokas E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This article summarises our first results and experiences on the use of multispectral airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. Optech Titan multispectral ALS data over a large suburban area in Finland were acquired on three different dates in 2015–2016. We investigated the feasibility of the data from the first date for land cover classification and road mapping. Object-based analyses with segmentation and random forests classification were used. The potential of the data for change detection of buildings and roads was also demonstrated. The overall accuracy of land cover classification results with six classes was 96 % compared with validation points. The data also showed high potential for road detection, road surface classification and change detection. The multispectral intensity information appeared to be very important for automated classifications. Compared to passive aerial images, the intensity images have interesting advantages, such as the lack of shadows. Currently, we focus on analyses and applications with the multitemporal multispectral data. Important questions include, for example, the potential and challenges of the multitemporal data for change detection.
TEMPERATURE – EMISSIVITY SEPARATION ASSESSMENT IN A SUB-URBAN SCENARIO
Authors: Moscadelli M. , Diani M. , Corsini G.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In this paper, a methodology that aims at evaluating the effectiveness of different TES strategies is presented. The methodology takes into account the specific material of interest in the monitored scenario, sensor characteristics, and errors in the atmospheric compensation step. The methodology is proposed in order to predict and analyse algorithms performances during the planning of a remote sensing mission, aimed to discover specific materials of interest in the monitored scenario. As case study, the proposed methodology is applied to a real airborne data set of a suburban scenario. In order to perform the TES problem, three state-of-the-art algorithms, and a recently proposed one, are investigated: Temperature-Emissivity Separation '98 (TES-98) algorithm, Stepwise Refining TES (SRTES) algorithm, Linear piecewise TES (LTES) algorithm, and Optimized Smoothing TES (OSTES) algorithm. At the end, the accuracy obtained with real data, and the ones predicted by means of the proposed methodology are compared and discussed.
ENABLING SEARCHES ON WAVELENGTHS IN A HYPERSPECTRAL INDICES DATABASE
Authors: Piñuela F. , Cerra D. , Müller R.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Spectral indices derived from hyperspectral reflectance measurements are powerful tools to estimate physical parameters in a non-destructive and precise way for several fields of applications, among others vegetation health analysis, coastal and deep water constituents, geology, and atmosphere composition. In the last years, several micro-hyperspectral sensors have appeared, with both full-frame and push-broom acquisition technologies, while in the near future several hyperspectral spaceborne missions are planned to be launched. This is fostering the use of hyperspectral data in basic and applied research causing a large number of spectral indices to be defined and used in various applications. Ad hoc search engines are therefore needed to retrieve the most appropriate indices for a given application. In traditional systems, query input parameters are limited to alphanumeric strings, while characteristics such as spectral range/ bandwidth are not used in any existing search engine. Such information would be relevant, as it enables an inverse type of search: given the spectral capabilities of a given sensor or a specific spectral band, find all indices which can be derived from it. This paper describes a tool which enables a search as described above, by using the central wavelength or spectral range used by a given index as a search parameter. This offers the ability to manage numeric wavelength ranges in order to select indices which work at best in a given set of wavelengths or wavelength ranges.
TREE SPECIES RECOGNITION IN SPECIES RICH AREA USING UAV-BORNE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY AND STEREO-PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUD
Authors: Tuominen S. , Näsi R. , Honkavaara E. , Balazs A. , Hakala T. , Viljanen N. , Pölönen I. , Saari H. , Reinikainen J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Recognition of tree species and geospatial information of tree species composition is essential for forest management. In this study we test tree species recognition using hyperspectral imagery from VNIR and SWIR camera sensors in combination with 3D photogrammetric canopy surface model based on RGB camera stereo-imagery. An arboretum forest with a high number of tree species was used as a test area. The imagery was acquired from the test area using UAV-borne cameras. Hyperspectral imagery was calibrated for providing a radiometrically corrected reflectance mosaic, which was tested along with the original uncalibrated imagery. Alternative estimators were tested for predicting tree species and genus, as well as for selecting an optimal set of remote sensing features for this task. All tested estimators gave similar trend in the results: the calibrated reflectance values performed better in predicting tree species and genus compared to uncorrected hyperspectral pixel values. Furthermore, the combination of VNIR, SWIR and 3D features performed better than any of the data sets individually, with calibrated reflectances and original pixel values alike. The highest proportion of correctly classified trees was achieved using calibrated reflectance features from VNIR and SWIR imagery together with 3D point cloud features: 0.823 for tree species and 0.869 for tree genus.
ESTIMATING EXTERIOR ORIENTATION PARAMETERS OF HYPERSPECTRAL BANDS BASED ON POLYNOMIAL MODELS
Authors: Berveglieri A. , Tommaselli A. M. G. , Honkavaara E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Hyperspectral camera operating in sequential acquisition mode produces spectral bands that are not recorded at the same instant, thus having different exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) for each band. The study presents experiments on bundle adjustment with time-dependent polynomial models for band orientation of hyperspectral cubes sequentially collected. The technique was applied to a Rikola camera model. The purpose was to investigate the behaviour of the estimated polynomial parameters and the feasibility of using a minimum of bands to estimate EOPs. Simulated and real data were produced for the analysis of parameters and accuracy in ground points. The tests considered conventional bundle adjustment and the polynomial models. The results showed that both techniques were comparable, indicating that the time-dependent polynomial model can be used to estimate the EOPs of all spectral bands, without requiring a bundle adjustment of each band. The accuracy of the block adjustment was analysed based on the discrepancy obtained from checkpoints. The root mean square error (RMSE) indicated an accuracy of 1 GSD in planimetry and 1.5 GSD in altimetry, when using a minimum of four bands per cube.
CLASS-PAIR-GUIDED MULTIPLE KERNEL LEARNING OF INTEGRATING HETEROGENEOUS FEATURES FOR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Wang Q. , Gu Y. , Liu T. , Liu H. , Jin X.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In recent years, many studies on remote sensing image classification have shown that using multiple features from different data sources can effectively improve the classification accuracy. As a very powerful means of learning, multiple kernel learning (MKL) can conveniently be embedded in a variety of characteristics. The conventional combined kernel learned by MKL can be regarded as the compromise of all basic kernels for all classes in classification. It is the best of the whole, but not optimal for each specific class. For this problem, this paper proposes a class-pair-guided MKL method to integrate the heterogeneous features (HFs) from multispectral image (MSI) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. In particular, the one-against-one strategy is adopted, which converts multiclass classification problem to a plurality of two-class classification problem. Then, we select the best kernel from pre-constructed basic kernels set for each class-pair by kernel alignment (KA) in the process of classification. The advantage of the proposed method is that only the best kernel for the classification of any two classes can be retained, which leads to greatly enhanced discriminability. Experiments are conducted on two real data sets, and the experimental results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance in terms of classification accuracies in integrating the HFs for classification when compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms.
FOREST ROADIDENTIFICATION AND EXTRACTIONOF THROUGH ADVANCED LOG MATCHING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Zhang W. , Hu B. , Quist L.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A novel algorithm for forest road identification and extraction was developed. The algorithm utilized Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter and slope calculation on high resolution multispectral imagery and LiDAR data respectively to extract both primary road and secondary road segments in the forest area. The proposed method used road shape feature to extract the road segments, which have been further processed as objects with orientation preserved. The road network was generated after post processing with tensor voting. The proposed method was tested on Hearst forest, located in central Ontario, Canada. Based on visual examination against manually digitized roads, the majority of roads from the test area have been identified and extracted from the process.
TREE SPECIES CLASSIFICATION OF BROADLEAVED FORESTS IN NAGANO, CENTRAL JAPAN, USING AIRBORNE LASER DATA AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES
Authors: Deng S. , Katoh M. , Takenaka Y. , Cheung K. , Ishii A. , Fujii N. , Gao T.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This study attempted to classify three coniferous and ten broadleaved tree species by combining airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and multispectral images. The study area, located in Nagano, central Japan, is within the broadleaved forests of the Afan Woodland area. A total of 235 trees were surveyed in 2016, and we recorded the species, DBH, and tree height. The geographical position of each tree was collected using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device. Tree crowns were manually detected using GNSS position data, field photographs, true-color orthoimages with three bands (red-green-blue, RGB), 3D point clouds, and a canopy height model derived from ALS data. Then a total of 69 features, including 27 image-based and 42 point-based features, were extracted from the RGB images and the ALS data to classify tree species. Finally, the detected tree crowns were classified into two classes for the first level (coniferous and broadleaved trees), four classes for the second level (Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Cryptomeria japonica, and broadleaved trees), and 13 classes for the third level (three coniferous and ten broadleaved species), using the 27 image-based features, 42 point-based features, all 69 features, and the best combination of features identified using a neighborhood component analysis algorithm, respectively. The overall classification accuracies reached 90 % at the first and second levels but less than 60 % at the third level. The classifications using the best combinations of features had higher accuracies than those using the image-based and point-based features and the combination of all of the 69 features.