bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and analytical results for geometric measure of coherence and geometric measure of entanglement
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Dai Yue , Dong Yu-Li , Zhang Chengjie
Published: July 2020

Quantifying coherence and entanglement is extremely important in quantum information processing. Here, we present numerical and analytical results for the geometric measure of coherence, and also present numerical results for the geometric measure of entanglement. On the one hand, we first provide a semidefinite algorithm to numerically calculate geometric measure of coherence for arbitrary finite-dimensional mixed states. Based on this semidefinite algorithm, we test randomly generated single-qubit states, single-qutrit states, and a special kind of d-dimensional mixed states. Moreover, we also obtain an analytical solution of geometric measure of coherence for a special kind of mixed states. On the other hand, another algorithm is proposed to calculate the geometric measure of entanglement for arbitrary two-qubit and qubit-qutrit states, and some special kinds of higher dimensional mixed states. For other states, the algorithm can get a lower bound of the geometric measure of entanglement. Randomly generated two-qubit states, the isotropic states and the Werner states are tested. Furthermore, we compare our numerical results with some analytical results, which coincide with each other.
The emergence and adaptive use of prestige in an online social learning task
Authors: Brand C. O. , Heap S. , Morgan T. J. H. , Mesoudi A.
Published: July 2020

Prestige-biased social learning occurs when individuals preferentially learn from others who are highly respected, admired, copied, or attended to in their group. This form of social learning is argued to reflect novel forms of social hierarchy in human societies, and, by providing an efficient short-cut to acquiring adaptive information, underpin the cumulative cultural evolution that has contributed to our species’ ecological success. Despite these potentially important consequences, little empirical work to date has tested the basic predictions of prestige-biased social learning. Here we provide evidence supporting the key predictions that prestige-biased social learning is used when it constitutes an indirect cue of success, and when success-biased social learning is unavailable. We ran an online experiment (n = 269) in which participants could copy each other in real-time to score points on a general-knowledge quiz. Our implementation of ‘prestige’ was the number of times someone had previously been copied by others. Importantly, prestige was an emergent property of participants’ behaviour during the experiment; no deception or manipulation of prestige was employed at any time. We found that, as predicted, participants used prestige-biased social learning when the prestige cue was an indirect cue of success, and when direct success information was unavailable. This highlights how people flexibly and adaptively employ social learning strategies based on the reliability of the information that such strategies provide.
Gold nanoparticle mediated radiation response among key cell components of the tumour microenvironment for the advancement of cancer nanotechnology
Authors: Bromma Kyle , Cicon Leah , Beckham Wayne , Chithrani Devika B.
Published: July 2020

One of the major issues in cancer radiotherapy (RT) is normal tissue toxicity. Introduction of radiosensitizers like gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into cancer cells to enhance the local RT dose has been tested successfully. However, it is not known how GNPs interact with other stromal cells such as normal fibroblasts (FBs) and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumour microenvironment. It is known that FBs turn into CAFs to promote tumour growth. Hence, we used FBs and CAFs along with HeLa (our cancer cell line) to evaluate the differences in GNP uptake and resulting radiation induced damage to elucidate the GNP-mediated therapeutic effect in RT. The CAFs had the largest uptake of the GNPs per cell, with on average 265% relative to HeLa while FBs had only 7.55% the uptake of HeLa and 2.87% the uptake of CAFs. This translated to increases in 53BP1-related DNA damage foci in CAFs (13.5%) and HeLa (9.8%) compared to FBs (8.8%) with RT treatment. This difference in DNA damage due to selective targeting of cancer associated cells over normal cells may allow GNPs to be an effective tool in future cancer RT to battle normal tissue toxicity while improving local RT dose to the tumour.
IL-10 attenuates OxPCs-mediated lipid metabolic responses in ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Bagchi Ashim K. , Surendran Arun , Malik Akshi , Jassal Davinder S. , Ravandi Amir , Singal Pawan K.
Published: July 2020

Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) promote inflammation as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake in a variety of physiological and pathological states. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cytokine IL-10, we investigated its modulatory effect on the production of oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) as well as lipid metabolic responses in global myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Increased OxPCs levels, by 1-Palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleryl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC), promoted oxidative stress (OS) and cell death. OxPCs-mediated-OS, resulted in oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) activation and upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). IL-10-induced increase in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) negatively regulated LOX-1 as well as TLR2 inflammatory responses. Under stress conditions, phosphorylation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) was prevented by IL-10. The latter also prevented the generation of OxPCs and reduced their ratio (OxPCs/PCs) during injury. LOX-1 activation also promoted SREBP1c-mediated TGF-βRII expression which was inhibited by IL-10. Both fragmented and non-fragmented OxPCs were elevated during I/R and this effect was attenuated by IL-10. The largest impact (two–threefold change at log2) was on PAzPC, (1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)—a fragmented OxPC. Thus it appears that among different OxPCs, IL-10 significantly reduces a single molecule (PAzPC)-mediated lipid metabolic responses in cardiomyocytes thereby mitigating inflammation and cell death.
Cancer cells grown in 3D under fluid flow exhibit an aggressive phenotype and reduced responsiveness to the anti-cancer treatment doxorubicin
Authors: Azimi Tayebeh , Loizidou Marilena , Dwek Miriam V.
Published: July 2020

3D laboratory models of cancer are designed to recapitulate the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the tumour microenvironment and aim to enable studies of cancer, and new therapeutic modalities, in a physiologically-relevant manner. We have developed an in vitro 3D model comprising a central high-density mass of breast cancer cells surrounded by collagen type-1 and we incorporated fluid flow and pressure. We noted significant changes in cancer cell behaviour using this system. MDA-MB231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells grown in 3D downregulated the proliferative marker Ki67 (P < 0.05) and exhibited decreased response to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) (P < 0.01). Mesenchymal markers snail and MMP14 were upregulated in cancer cells maintained in 3D (P < 0.001), cadherin-11 was downregulated (P < 0.001) and HER2 increased (P < 0.05). Cells maintained in 3D under fluid flow exhibited a further reduction in response to DOX (P < 0.05); HER2 and Ki67 levels were also attenuated. Fluid flow and pressure was associated with reduced cell viability and decreased expression levels of vimentin. In summary, aggressive cancer cell behaviour and reduced drug responsiveness was observed when breast cancer cells were maintained in 3D under fluid flow and pressure. These observations are relevant for future developments of 3D in vitro cancer models and organ-on-a-chip initiatives.
Mitomycin C treatment improves pancreatic islet graft longevity in intraportal islet transplantation by suppressing proinflammatory response
Authors: Yamane Kei , Anazawa Takayuki , Tada Seiichiro , Fujimoto Nanae , Inoguchi Kenta , Emoto Norio , Nagai Kazuyuki , Masui Toshihiko , Okajima Hideaki , Takaori Kyoichi , Sumi Shoichiro , Uemoto Shinji
Published: July 2020

The in vitro culture period prior to cell transplantation (i.e. pancreatic islet transplantation) enables cell modification and is thus advantageous. However, the islet preconditioning method has not been fully explored. Here we present a simple approach for islet preconditioning that uses the antibiotic mitomycin C (MMC), which has antitumor activity, to reduce islet immunogenicity and prevent proinflammatory events in an intraportal islet transplantation model. Freshly isolated mice islets were treated for 30 min with 10 μg/mL MMC or not, cultured for 20 h and transplanted into the livers of syngeneic or allogeneic diabetic mouse recipients. In the allogeneic model, MMC preconditioning significantly prolonged graft survival without requiring immunosuppressants. In vitro, MMC treatment suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in islet allografts, while immunohistochemical studies revealed the suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration into MMC-treated allografts relative to untreated allografts. Furthermore, MMC preconditioning significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines into the transplant site and induced the differentiation of regulatory T cells with the ability to suppress CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses. In conclusion, islet preconditioning with MMC prolonged graft survival in an intraportal islet transplantation model by suppressing proinflammatory events and inducing potentially regulatory lymphocytes.
FPGS relapse-specific mutations in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yu Sung-Liang , Zhang Hui , Ho Bing-Ching , Yu Chih-Hsiang , Chang Chia-Ching , Hsu Yin-Chen , Ni Yu-Ling , Lin Kai-Hsin , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Lu Meng-Yao , Chen Shu-Huey , Wu Kang-Hsi , Wang Shih-Chung , Chang Hsiu-Hao , Pui Ching-Hon , Yang Jun J. , Zhang Jinghui , Lin Dong-Tsamn , Lin Shu-Wha , Ma Xiaotu , Yang Yung-Li
Published: July 2020

Although the cure rate for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has exceeded 80% with contemporary therapy, relapsed ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in children. Relapse-specific mutations can be identified by comprehensive genome sequencing and might have clinical significance. Applying whole-exome sequencing to eight triplicate samples, we identified in one patient relapse-specific mutations in the folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) gene, whose product catalyzes the addition of multiple glutamate residues (polyglutamation) to methotrexate upon their entry into the cells. To determine the prevalence of mutations of the FPGS mutations, and those of two important genes in the thiopurine pathway, NT5C2 and PRPS1, we studied 299 diagnostic and 73 relapsed samples in 372 patients. Three more FPGS mutants were identified in two patients, NT5C2 mutations in six patients, and PRPS1 mutants in two patients. One patient had both NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutants. None of these alterations were detected at diagnosis with a sequencing depth of 1000X, suggesting that treatment pressure led to increased prevalence of mutations during therapy. Functional characterization of the FPGS mutants showed that they directly resulted in decreased enzymatic activity, leading to significant reduction in methotrexate polyglutamation, and therefore likely contributed to drug resistance and relapse in these cases. Thus, besides genomic alterations in thiopurine metabolizing enzymes, the relapse-specific mutations of FPGS represent another critical mechanism of acquired antimetabolite drug resistance in relapsed childhood ALL.
A novel method for assessing the renal biopsy specimens using an activatable fluorescent probe
Authors: Iyama Takuji , Takata Tomoaki , Yamada Kentaro , Mae Yukari , Taniguchi Sosuke , Ida Ayami , Ogawa Masaya , Yamamoto Marie , Hamada Shintaro , Fukuda Satoko , Kanda Tsutomu , Sugihara Takaaki , Isomoto Hajime , Urano Yasuteru
Published: July 2020

Gamma-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) is an activatable fluorescent probe that can be activated by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). The expression of GGT in the kidney, which is one of the major organs exhibiting enhanced GGT expression, is exclusively localised to the cortex. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of gGlu-HMRG as a probe for the on-site assessment of renal biopsy specimens. gGlu-HMRG fluorescent probe was applied to the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and cortical collecting duct cells in vitro, mouse kidneys ex vivo, and human biopsy specimens. In addition, the fluorescence intensities in the cortex and the medulla were comparatively evaluated in the biopsy specimens. The fluorescence signal was rapidly detected in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, whereas that in the cortical collecting duct cells was not detected. The fluorescence signal was detected in the mouse kidneys ex vivo without markedly affecting the tissue morphology. In the human biopsy specimens, the fluorescence signal in the cortex was significantly distinct from that in the medulla (p < 0.05). Thus, this fluorescent probe can be used to distinctly identify the renal cortex in the biopsy specimens.
The histone lysine methyltransferase SETD8 regulates angiogenesis through HES-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Choi Dong Kyu , Kim Young Kyu , Park Sang Wook , Lee Heejin , Lee Seul , Kim Sang A. , Kim Soo Jin , Lee Junyeop , Kim Wanil , Min Sang-Hyun , Yu Ji Hoon
Published: July 2020

Histone modifications, including histone lysine methylation, regulate gene expression in the vasculature, and targeting tumor blood vessels through histone modification decreases tumor growth. SETD8, a methyltransferase that catalyzes the mono-methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 is known to promote tumorigenesis in various cancers and its high levels of expression are related to poor prognosis. However, the detailed mechanisms by which SETD8 stimulates tumor progression and angiogenesis are still not well understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that, in vitro, BVT-948 efficiently and selectively suppresses SETD8 activity and histone methylation levels. In this study, we showed that BVT-948-mediated SETD8 inhibition in HUVECs results in an inhibition of angiogenesis. Inhibition of SETD8 not only inhibited angiogenesis but also disrupted actin stress fiber formation and induced cell cycle arrest at S phase. These effects were accompanied by increased HES-1 expression levels, decreased osteopontin levels, and a decreased differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial cells. Interestingly, BVT-948 treatment reduced pathological angiogenesis in mouse OIR model. These data illustrate the mechanisms by which SETD8 regulates angiogenesis and may enable the use of a SETD8 inhibitor to treat various pathological conditions that are known to be associated with excessive angiogenesis, including and tumor growth.
Author Correction: Simvastatin reduces the carcinogenic effect of 3-methylcholanthrene in renal epithelial cells through histone deacetylase 1 inhibition and RhoA reactivation
Authors: Chang Chih-Cheng , Huang Kuo-How , Hsu Sung-Po , Lee Yuan-Chii G. , Sue Yuh-Mou , Juan Shu-Hui
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A facile template method to fabricate strongly coupled 1D sandwich-like C@Fe3O4@C/Ni coaxial microtubes with enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Niu Qian , Zhang Min , Liu Libin , Zheng Jing , Fang Qunling , Xu Jingli
Published: July 2020

Sandwich-like C@Fe3O4@C/Ni microtubes were well-constructed with MoO3 microrods as a hard template, which manifested excellent catalytic performance and recycling ability in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
Molybdenum–titanium oxo-cluster, an efficient electrochemical catalyst for the facile preparation of black titanium dioxide film
Authors: Yang Lei , Shu Xian-Ping , Fu Meng-Yuan , Wang Hao-Yu , Zhu Qin-Yu , Dai Jie
Published: July 2020

We found, by accident, that a Mo–Ti oxo-cluster is an efficient and green catalyst for the hydrogenation of a TiO2 electrode to black-TiO2 at room temperature.
Suppressing singlet oxygen generation in lithium–oxygen batteries with redox mediators
Authors: Liang Zhuojian , Zou Qingli , Xie Jing , Lu Yi-Chun
Published: July 2020

Charging lithium–oxygen batteries with redox mediators suppresses singlet oxygen generation at rates orders of magnitude faster than quenchers.
Predictable and targeted activation of biomass to carbons with high surface area density and enhanced methane storage capacity
Authors: Altwala Afnan , Mokaya Robert
Published: July 2020

The O/C atomic ratio of biomass-derived carbonaceous matter is a universal predictor of porosity and packing density, and enables predictable synthesis of activated carbons that have high methane storage of 222 cm3 (STP) cm−3 at 25 oC and 35 bar.
Cell-free biocatalytic syntheses of l-pipecolic acid: a dual strategy approach and process intensification in flow
Authors: Roura Padrosa David , Benítez-Mateos Ana I. , Calvey Liam , Paradisi Francesca
Published: July 2020

As an alternative to the traditional chemical synthesis or in vivo production of l-pipecolic acid, we have developed two ex vivo strategies using purified and immobilised enzymes for the production of this key building block.
Integration of highly anisotropic multiferroic BaTiO3–Fe nanocomposite thin films on Si towards device applications
Authors: Kalaswad Matias , Zhang Bruce , Wang Xuejing , Wang Han , Gao Xingyao , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2020

Integration of highly anisotropic multiferroic thin films on silicon substrates is a critical step towards low-cost devices, especially high-speed and low-power consumption memories.
Hard X-ray-based techniques for structural investigations of CO2 methanation catalysts prepared by MOF decomposition
Authors: Prinz Nils , Schwensow Leif , Wendholt Sven , Jentys Andreas , Bauer Matthias , Kleist Wolfgang , Zobel Mirijam
Published: July 2020

We investigate the structure-activity correlations of methanation catalysts obtained by thermal decomposition of a Ni-based metal-organic framework, using pair distribution function, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Nanoscale engineering and Mo-doping of 2D ultrathin ReS2 nanosheets for remarkable electrocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Xu Jun , Fang Changji , Zhu Zhiqian , Wang Jingwen , Yu Bansui , Zhang Junjun
Published: July 2020

Improved conductivity and activated basal planes of ReS2 nanosheets are realized by heteroatom Mo-doping, which results in a significant enhancement in electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
IrCo nanocacti on CoxSy nanocages as a highly efficient and robust electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media
Authors: Kim Jun , Kwon Taehyun , Yu Saerom , Chun So Yeon , Oh Aram , Kim Jong Min , Baik Hionsuck , Ham Hyung Chul , Kim Jin Young , Kwak Kyungwon , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: July 2020

The rational synthesis of IrCo nanocacti on CoxSy nanocages and their enhanced stability for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media are demonstrated.
Hybrid free-radical and cationic photo-polymerization of bio-based monomers derived from seed oils – control of competitive processes by experimental design
Authors: Tataru Gabriela , Coqueret Xavier
Published: July 2020

Experimental design helps define optimal compositions for a 3-component photo-initiating system for IPNs synthesized from mixed epoxidized and acrylated triglycerides.
Mechanically robust and tough waterborne polyurethane films based on diselenide bonds and dual H-bonding interactions with fast visible-light-triggered room-temperature self-healability
Authors: Fan Wuhou , Jin Yong , Shi Liangjie
Published: July 2020

A dynamic but mechanically robust and tough polymer network was proposed, in which the fast room-temperature self-healing of our target polymer with mechanically robust and tough features is achieved under visible light.
Covalently assembled ultrathin polymer nanocapsules to mimic a multienzyme-cascade antioxidative system
Authors: Tian Ruizhen , Fan Xiaotong , Liu Shengda , Xue Yao , Yang Feihu , Li Fei , Luo Quan , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu
Published: July 2020

Covalently assembled ultrathin polymer nanocapsules to mimic a multienzyme-cascade antioxidative system for protecting cells from damage caused by excess ROS.
Dual stimuli-responsive polyphosphazene-based molecular gates for controlled drug delivery in lung cancer cells
Authors: Salinas Yolanda , Kneidinger Michael , Fornaguera Cristina , Borrós Salvador , Brüggemann Oliver , Teasdale Ian
Published: July 2020

Bottle-brush polyphosphazenes as dual, thermosensitive and pH responsive gatekeepers for mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and their use in controlled drug release.
Innovative induction heating of grapefruit juiceviainduced electric field and its application inEscherichia coliO157:H7 inactivation
Authors: Jin Yamei , Yang Na , Xu Dan , He Chenghao , Xu Yue , Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu
Published: July 2020

Innovative induction heating method is applied in the pasteurization of grapefruit juice.
Xanthan gum derivatives: review of synthesis, properties and diverse applications
Authors: Patel Jwala , Maji Biswajit , Moorthy N. S. Hari Narayana , Maiti Sabyasachi
Published: July 2020

Due to presence of hydroxy and carboxy functional groups, xanthan gum is amenable to various chemical modification for producing derivatives such as carboxymethyl xanthan and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl xanthan with desirable properties for end use.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles: properties, biosynthesis and biomedical application
Authors: Singh Kshitij RB , Nayak Vanya , Sarkar Tanushri , Singh Ravindra Pratap
Published: July 2020

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have revolutionized the biomedical field and is still in very fast pace of development. Hence, this work elaborates the physicochemical properties, biosynthesis, and biomedical applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles.
Aptamers targeting protein-specific glycosylation in tumor biomarkers: general selection, characterization and structural modeling
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Ana , Miranda-Castro Rebeca , Díaz Natalia , Suárez Dimas , de-los-Santos-Álvarez Noemí , Lobo-Castañón M. Jesús
Published: July 2020

Binary recognition of the glycoprotein prostate specific antigen by aptamers: a tool for detecting aberrant glycosylation associated with cancer.
Palladium-catalysed C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes: mechanistic diversity and origin of selectivity
Authors: Rekhroukh Feriel , Chen Wenyi , Brown Ryan K. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: July 2020

A palladium pre-catalyst, [Pd(PCy3)2] is reported for the efficient and selective C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes with the aluminium(i) reagent [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl).
Semiquinone radical-bridged M2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) complexes with strong magnetic exchange giving rise to slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Chakarawet Khetpakorn , Harris T. David , Long Jeffrey R.
Published: July 2020

A semiquinone radical bridging two trigonal bipyramidal metal centers facilitates strong magnetic exchange and single-molecule magnet behavior.
Strategy for functionalization of electrodes with discrete, unmodified small molecules exhibiting aqueous stability
Authors: Clair Sean , Norris Michael R.
Published: July 2020

Immobilization of electroactive molecules without synthetic modification that are stable at neutral pH!
Screening effective single-atom ORR and OER electrocatalysts from Pt decorated MXenes by first-principles calculations
Authors: Kan Dongxiao , Lian Ruqian , Wang Dashuai , Zhang Xilin , Xu Jing , Gao Xinying , Yu Yue , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: July 2020

Pt single atoms doped on V-, Ti-, Nb-, and Cr-based MXenes presented high catalytic performances, especially the Nb- and Cr-based ones, which were promising bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts.
The rational design of single-atom catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis via a descriptor-based approach
Authors: Long Jun , Fu Xiaoyan , Xiao Jianping
Published: July 2020

The descriptor-based approach was generalized to the rational design of single-atom catalysts.
A redox-active organic cation for safer high energy density Li-ion batteries
Authors: Ji Weixiao , Huang He , Huang Xingkang , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zheng Dong , Ding Tianyao , Chen Junhong , Lambert Tristan H. , Qu Deyang
Published: July 2020

A thioether-substituted diaminocyclopropenium (TDAC) cation is developed as a redox shuttle additive for safer high energy density Li-ion batteries.
Phospholipid-mimicking cell-penetrating polymers: principles and applications
Authors: Goda Tatsuro , Miyahara Yuji , Ishihara Kazuhiko
Published: July 2020

Phospholipid-mimicking amphiphilic polymers show nonendocytic internalization by membrane fusion.
On use of animal models
Authors: Clark David A.
Published: July 2020

Human pregnancy, critical for our species survival, is inefficient and prone to complications such as infertility, spontaneous miscarriages and preeclampsia (PE). Immunological factors may be important as the embryo is 50% paternal and foreign to the mother. Mouse pregnancy models, and in particular the murine CBA/J x DBA/2 mating combination, has been widely used to investigate mechanisms causing and preventing partner-specific recurrent miscarriages (RM) and PE. Occult losses can represent T cell-mediated rejection, and antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) with classical αβ T cell receptors (TcR) activated by semen antigens at the time of mating are protective. If there is no occult loss, an inadequate Treg response can also predispose to RM. In RM, proinflammatory cytokines from natural killer (NK)-type cells and macrophages of the innate immune system are responsible and cells with γδ TcR protect via release of TGF-β-type molecules. Immunization of abortion-prone female CBA/J mice or administration of cell-associated or soluble CD200, an immune check point inhibitor, can prevent abortions by augmenting uterine decidual suppressor cell activity. Human studies suggest that is also true in couples with RM. Environmental activators of the innate immune system, such as bacterial LPS and stress, can cause abortions as well as occult losses. The endogenous level of Tregs and activation of Tregs specific for the male H-Y antigen may determine success rates and alter the male:female birth ratio. Intralipid alters LPS clearance, prevents abortions in the CBAxDBA/2 model, and is effective in increasing live birth rates in couples undergoing IVF treatment.
Protostellar collapse: the conditions to form dust-rich protoplanetary disks
Authors: Lebreuilly U. , Commerçon B. , Laibe G.
Published: July 2020

Context. Dust plays a key role during star, disk, and planet formation. Yet, its dynamics during the protostellar collapse remain a poorly investigated field. Recent studies seem to indicate that dust may decouple efficiently from the gas during these early stages.

Aims. We aim to understand how much and in which regions dust grains concentrate during the early phases of the protostellar collapse, and to see how this depends on the properties of the initial cloud and of the solid particles.

Methods. We used the multiple species dust dynamics MULTIGRAIN solver of the grid-based code RAMSES to perform various simulations of dusty collapses. We performed hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations where we varied the maximum size of the dust distribution, the thermal-to-gravitational energy ratio, and the magnetic properties of the cloud. We simulated the simultaneous evolution of ten neutral dust grain species with grain sizes varying from a few nanometers to a few hundreds of microns.

Results. We obtain a significant decoupling between the gas and the dust for grains of typical sizes of a few tens of microns. This decoupling strongly depends on the thermal-to-gravitational energy ratio, the grain sizes, and the inclusion of a magnetic field. With a semi-analytic model calibrated on our results, we show that the dust ratio mostly varies exponentially with the initial Stokes number at a rate that depends on the local cloud properties.

Conclusions. We find that larger grains tend to settle and drift efficiently in the first-core and in the newly formed disk. This can produce dust-to-gas ratios of several times the initial value. Dust concentrates in high-density regions (cores, disk, and pseudo-disk) and is depleted in low-density regions (envelope and outflows). The size at which grains decouple from the gas depends on the initial properties of the clouds. Since dust cannot necessarily be used as a proxy for gas during the collapse, we emphasize the necessity of including the treatment of its dynamics in protostellar collapse simulations.
The pocket-creation method may facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection of large colorectal sessile tumors
Authors: Yamashina Takeshi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Fukuda Hisashi , Okada Masahiro , Takezawa Takahito , Kobayashi Yasutoshi , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Miura Yoshimasa , Shinozaki Satoshi , Sunada Keijiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: July 2020

Background and study aims Resecting large colorectal sessile tumors using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is challenging because of severe submucosal fibrosis. Previously, we reported that ESD strategy using the pocket-creation method (PCM) is useful for large colorectal sessile tumors, but there are no large studies reporting the effectiveness and safety of the PCM for resection of large colorectal sessile tumors.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective review of 90 large colorectal sessile tumors in 89 patients who underwent ESD in our institution. Large colorectal sessile tumors were defined as polypoid lesions 20 mm or more in diameter. We divided them into PCM (n = 40) and conventional method (CM) groups (n = 50). The primary outcome measure was en bloc resection. The inverse-probability-treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was used to adjust for selection bias.

Results Both PCM and CM achieved high en bloc resection (100 % vs. 94 %, non-adjusted P = 0.25, IPTW-adjusted P = 0.19) and R0 resection rates (88 % vs. 78 %, non-adjusted P = 0.28, IPTW-adjusted P = 0.27). When PCM was used, the rate of pathologically negative vertical margins was significantly greater than with the CM (IPTW-adjusted P = 0.045). The dissection time was significantly shorter (IPTW-adjusted P = 0.025) and dissection speed faster (IPTW-adjusted P = 0.013) using the PCM than when the CM was used. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (intraprocedural perforation and delayed bleeding, IPTW-adjusted P = 0.68).

Conclusion Although en bloc resection and R0 resection rates were similar, PCM significantly increased the rate of negative vertical margins with rapid dissection for treatment of large colorectal sessile tumors.
Radiation-Induced Cervical Spinal Cord Cavernoma Following Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Case Report
Authors: Al-Jehani Hosam , Najjar Ahmad , Barnawi Abdulwahid , Shedid Daniel
Published: July 2020

Cavernous angiomas are congenital vascular malformations that affect the central nervous system. Reports implicated radiation therapy as a triggering factor for the formation of cavernomas but not in relation with head and neck radiation therapy. Radiation-induced cavernomas (RIC) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal neurological symptoms in any patient who has received previous cranial-spinal or head and neck radiotherapy.
Dynamic Oromandibular Reconstructions Using Chimeric Fibular and Gracilis or Vastus Lateralis Free Flaps
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Choi Jong Woo , Jeong Woo Shik , Nam Soon Yuhl , Choi Seung Ho
Published: July 2020

Background Despite efforts of head and neck functional reconstruction, anatomic restoration has been used until now. This article describes our experience of using a chimeric free fibular osteocutaneous flap conjoined with a functional muscle free flap, defined as dynamic oromandibular reconstruction.

Methods Through a retrospective chart review, four consecutive patients who underwent reconstruction with a total fibular free flap were included. The former two patients underwent reconstruction using a conventional osteocutaneous free fibular flap. The latter two patients had an oromandibular defect after cancer resection and underwent dynamic oromandibular reconstruction with a chimeric free fibular flap conjoined with a gracilis free flap or vastus lateralis muscle free flap.

Results In the speech analysis, the dynamic group revealed a satisfactory tongue movement. Protrusion and lateralization were the most different movement changes. The tongue range of motion score was 62.5 in the dynamic group and 25.0 in the control group. On the dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, the contact of the soft palate with the tongue was excellent, and the epiglottis closure during deglutition was complete. In the three-dimensional volumetric analysis of mandibular aesthetic contouring, the dynamic group showed a much smaller difference in hemifacial volume, with a difference of 73.7 mL in the dynamic group and 101.76 mL in the control group.

Conclusion This study is a preliminary trial of dynamic oromandibular reconstruction using chimeric free fibular flaps with functional muscle transfer. We demonstrated the possibility of dynamic oromandibular reconstruction, which enhanced more functional aspects in the patients in this study.
5,7,12,14-Tetraphenyl-Substituted 6,13-Diazapentacenes as Versatile Organic Semiconductors: Characterization in Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Hauschild Miriam , Borkowski Michal , Dral Pavlo O. , Marszalek Tomasz , Hampel Frank , Xie Gaozhan , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Kivala Milan
Published: July 2020

We report the synthesis of 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyl-substituted 6,13-dihydro-6,13-diazapentacene and its fully aromatic 6,13-diazapentacene congener. Both arylated diazapentacenes were characterized by X-ray crystallography to investigate their solid-state structures and by UV–vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry to unveil their electronic properties. The experimental results are complemented with theoretical investigations. The semiconductor properties of both diazapentacene derivatives were assessed in organic field-effect transistors, whereby the fully aromatized compound showed comparably less abundant n-type behavior.
An analytical description of the energy balance in turbulent, round, free jets
Authors: Brocchini M.
Published: July 2020

This brief contribution provides a quantification of the terms of the turbulent kinetic energy transport equation for a round steady turbulent free jet. The analysis is based on the assumption of flow self-similarity, and it is performed by means of a simple analytical asymptotic analysis. The results are in good agreement with the experimental findings of Panchapakesan and Lumley [J. Fluid Mech. 246, 197–223 (1993)] and with the large eddy simulations of Bogey and Bailly [J. Fluid Mech. 627, 129–160 (2009)], hence providing a theoretical interpretation of such findings.
Cancer cell migration and cancer drug screening in oxygen tension gradient chip
Authors: Nam Hyeono , Funamoto Kenichi , Jeon Jessie S.
Published: July 2020

Cancer metastasis, which is prevalent in malignant tumors, is present in a variety of cases depending on the primary tumor and metastatic site. The cancer metastasis is affected by various factors that surround and constitute a tumor microenvironment. One of the several factors, oxygen tension, can affect cancer cells and induce changes in many ways, including motility, directionality, and viability. In particular, the oxygen tension gradient is formed within a tumor cluster and oxygen is lower toward the center of the cluster from the perivascular area. The simple and efficient designing of the tumor microenvironment using microfluidic devices enables the simplified and robust platform of the complex in vivo microenvironment while observing a clear cause-and-effect between the properties of cancer cells under oxygen tension. Here, a microfluidic device with five channels including a gel channel, media channels, and gas channels is designed. MDA-MB-231cells are seeded in the microfluidic device with hydrogel to simulate their three-dimensional movement in the body. The motility and directionality of the cancer cells under the normoxic and oxygen tension gradient conditions are compared. Also, the viability of the cancer cells is analyzed for each condition when anticancer drugs are applied. Unlike the normoxic condition, under the oxygen tension gradient, cancer cells showed directionality toward higher oxygen tension and decreased viability against the certain anticancer drug. The simplified design of the tumor microenvironment through microfluidic devices enables comprehension of the response of cancer cells to varying oxygen tensions and cancer drugs in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
A wildfire in an Amazonian canga community maintained important ecosystem properties
Authors: Barbosa Luciula Cunha , Viana Pedro Lage , Teodoro Grazielle Sales , Caldeira Cecílio Frois , Ramos Silvio Junio , Gastauer Markus
Published: July 2020

Because wildfires alter plant communities, we describe the effects of a single fire event on the composition and diversity of Amazonian ferruginous savannas, locally known as cangas. We installed 20 observation plots in burned and unburned parts of a homogeneous canga site from the Carajás Massif. The single fire event shifted community composition slightly, increased functional richness and the abundance of anemochoric and subshrub species, but did not influence the number of phanerophyte species, highlighting the importance of both seeding and resprouting strategies in the post-fire scenario. In contrast, neither taxonomic nor phylogenetic diversity was affected by the fire event. The absence of differences in the phylogenetic community structure indicated that specific adaptations to fires are widespread within the canga phylogeny, although fires are not an eminent part of these ecosystems, as in other neotropical savannas. As diversity metrics were not negatively affected by a single fire event and only small shifts in species composition were observed, our data indicate maintenance of important ecosystem properties despite an occasional wildfire event in the analysed canga shrubland. Further research should outline how different physiognomies are affected and how different fire regimes influence communities to assist in the design of effective management plans for this ecosystem.
The carbon footprint of household energy use in the United States
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin , Gounaridis Dimitrios , Newell Joshua P.
Published: July 2020

Significance

This study uses data on ∼93 million individual homes to perform the most comprehensive study of greenhouse gases from residential energy use in the United States. We provide nationwide rankings of carbon intensity of homes in states and ZIP codes and offer correlations between affluence, floor space, and emissions. Scenarios demonstrate this sector cannot achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 target by decarbonizing electricity production alone. Meeting this target will also necessitate a broad portfolio of zero emission energy solutions and behavioral change associated with housing preferences. To support policy, we estimate the reductions in floor space and increases in density needed to build low-carbon communities.
Human cytomegalovirus protein pUL36: A dual cell death pathway inhibitor
Authors: Fletcher-Etherington Alice , Nobre Luis , Nightingale Katie , Antrobus Robin , Nichols Jenna , Davison Andrew J. , Stanton Richard J. , Weekes Michael P.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Cell death is a key defense against viral infection, preventing spread from infected to uninfected cells. Correspondingly, certain viruses encode inhibitors of apoptotic and necroptotic cell death pathways in order to facilitate their persistence. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important human pathogen that can block apoptosis, but hitherto it has been unclear whether or how the virus blocks necroptosis. Here, we used a proteomic screen to identify human proteins targeted for destruction by HCMV, finding that the key necroptosis mediator MLKL is degraded throughout infection. MLKL is targeted for degradation by HCMV protein pUL36, which is also instrumental in inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, pUL36 is a dual cell death pathway inhibitor, and may represent an important therapeutic target.
FOXO transcription factors activate alternative major immediate early promoters to induce human cytomegalovirus reactivation
Authors: Hale Andrew E. , Collins-McMillen Donna , Lenarcic Erik M. , Igarashi Suzu , Kamil Jeremy P. , Goodrum Felicia , Moorman Nathaniel J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is lifelong and persistent. Periodic reactivation of cytomegalovirus poses serious disease risk for immune-compromised patients. A critical driver of reactivation is expression of viral genes from the major immediate early locus. Recent paradigm-shifting evidence shows that reactivation is driven from promoters distinct from those that drive replication in permissive cells. Understanding the contextual control of these promoters and how they specifically respond to cellular cues that drive reactivation is critical for establishing future therapies that prevent reactivation. Our findings mechanistically define a previously enigmatic relationship between differentiation and reactivation and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention to prevent HCMV reactivation and disease.
Robust evidence for bisexual orientation among men
Authors: Jabbour Jeremy , Holmes Luke , Sylva David , Hsu Kevin J. , Semon Theodore L. , Rosenthal A. M. , Safron Adam , Slettevold Erlend , Watts-Overall Tuesday M. , Savin-Williams Ritch C. , Sylla John , Rieger Gerulf , Bailey J. Michael
Published: July 2020

Significance

There has long been skepticism among both scientists and laypersons that male bisexual orientation exists. Skeptics have claimed that men who self-identify as bisexual are actually homosexual or heterosexual. (The existence of female bisexuality has been less controversial.) This controversy can be resolved using objective, genital responses of men to male and female erotic stimuli. We combined nearly all available data (from eight previous American, British, and Canadian studies) to form a dataset of more than 500 men, much larger than any previous individual study, and conducted rigorous statistical tests. Results provided compelling evidence that bisexual-identified men tend to show bisexual genital and subjective arousal patterns. Male sexual orientation is expressed on a continuum rather than dichotomously.
Molecular basis of Coxsackievirus A10 entry using the two-in-one attachment and uncoating receptor KRM1
Authors: Cui Yingzi , Peng Ruchao , Song Hao , Tong Zhou , Qu Xiao , Liu Sheng , Zhao Xin , Chai Yan , Wang Peiyi , Gao George F. , Qi Jianxun
Published: July 2020

Significance

CV-A10 is one of the major causative agents of hand-foot-mouth disease, an acute febrile disease occurring mainly in children. To date, there are no effective vaccines or therapeutic drugs available for CV-A10 infection. Moreover, knowledge of the mechanisms of CV-A10 infection and pathogenesis, which are crucial for prevention and treatment of the related diseases, is incomplete. In this work, we provide comprehensive mechanistic insight into CV-A10 infection using the receptor KRM1, demonstrating that KRM1 acts as a two-in-one attachment and uncoating receptor for CV-A10 entry, which mediates both viral attachment at the cell surface and uncoating in the endosome. This work expands our understanding on the mechanism of nonenveloped virus infection and reveals new clues for antiviral intervention.
Lay theories of peace and their influence on policy preference during violent conflict
Authors: Leshem Oded Adomi , Halperin Eran
Published: July 2020

Significance

Most people embroiled in violent intergroup conflict have sincere desires for peace. Yet, we show that, even in its abstract form, the concept of peace encompasses different interpretations, each influenced by the perceiver’s experiences of conflict, and each shaping the way in which the perceiver thinks about conflict resolution. Using original data collected in Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, we provide insights about how lay theories of peace are associated with the power structure of the conflict and how they predict citizens’ preferences for solving their long-standing dispute by either dividing resources or sharing them.
Last step in the path of LDL cholesterol from lysosome to plasma membrane to ER is governed by phosphatidylserine
Authors: Trinh Michael N. , Brown Michael S. , Goldstein Joseph L. , Han Jaeil , Vale Gonçalo , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Seemann Joachim , Mendell Joshua T. , Lu Feiran
Published: July 2020

Significance

Feedback control of cholesterol metabolism is essential for cell viability and prevention of heart attacks. Cells acquire cholesterol from receptor-mediated uptake of low-density lipoprotein, which delivers cholesterol to lysosomes. To exert feedback control, cholesterol must reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we use a CRISPR screen to show that lysosome-derived cholesterol moves first to the plasma membrane and then to the ER. The last movement requires an enzyme that produces phosphatidylserine. This demonstrates that transmembrane movement of one lipid (cholesterol) requires another lipid (phosphatidylserine). Our results explain how one organelle (ER) monitors the cholesterol content of another organelle (plasma membrane), thereby maintaining membrane integrity and ensuring cell survival.
On the Dutch temporal adverbial goed en wel
Authors: Hoeksema Jack , van der Wouden Ton
Published: July 2020

The paper investigates the origin, the development, the semantics and the pragmatics of the temporal use of the
Dutch expression goed en wel ‘good and well’. We argue that the expression has developed from a meaning “safe and
sound” into an indicator of the end of a preparatory phase or transition period, as well as a marker of the beginning of a new
state. We observe that temporal goed en wel always requires a secondary state of affairs that is temporally
related to the transition point initiating the primary state of affairs, and we show that the expression is increasingly being
employed for rhetorical purposes.
Syntax of the Palestinian Arabic negation-associated exclusive construction
Authors: Khalaily Samir
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an analysis of a Palestinian Arabic negation-associated exclusive construction featuring the
contrastive focus marker illa ‘but’, with theoretical implications for the syntax of negation, negative polarity
item licensing, and the categorical status of the root in sentential syntax. It analyzes illa-phrases as
constituents licensed by a c-commanding sentential negation (Neg), and illa as a grammatical device encoding
contrastiveness. A crucial source for the exclusive semantics of the construction comes from a silent bass ‘only’
immediately following illa that constitutes a syntactic ‘shield’ against Neg scope. Rather than taking an
in-situ focus-interpretation approach (cf. Rooth 1985, 1992), we argue for two covert movements at the syntax-semantics interface:
quantifier raising of illa-phrases to the designated specifier of polarity Phrase followed by
Polarity-to-Focus-raising of Neg. This creates the right syntactic configuration for the truth conditional import of both
operators and captures the ‘classical’ thought that focus-sensitive exclusive operators like only quantify over
propositional alternatives.