bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shipwreck and Autonomy: Rawls, Riesman, and Oppen in the 1960s
Authors: Esteve Mary
Published: February 2006

This essay examines the pervasive countercultural investment in authenticity by looking at three intellectualsâthe political philosopher John Rawls, the sociologist David Riesman, and the poet George Oppenâwho came of age before the sixties and shared a distinct ambivalence toward the counterculture's later refusal of universalism, particularly its existentialist tendency to derive authenticity from the atomizing experience of alienation. Politically, all three were social democrats who believed in the socially regulative necessity of individual autonomy, that is, in the premises of a Kantian liberalism. Riesman and Oppen were particularly concerned to reveal the relevance and value of contemplative autonomy in the face of calamity and catastrophe. Theirs was an engaged poetics, critical of the political order even as it depended on a universalizing version of the Kantian sublime.
"Total system, total solution, total apocalypse": Sex Oppression, Systems of Property, and 1970s Women's Liberation Fiction
Authors: Farland Maria
Published: February 2006

This essay examines major texts of 1970s women's and feminist fiction in terms of themes of sex oppression and systems of property which served as the nodal point for post-1945 sexual liberation theory and fiction. Where Beatnik writers like Jack Kerouac and Diane di Prima had insisted that free love could only flourish in a milieu of freedom from property and possessiveness, a new generation of 1970s writers came to abandon the notion that freedom would involve a choice between one system of property and another, and instead began to idealize spaces of removal from those systems. Charting this movement, this essay examines the property/sex oppression nexus across a range of texts—women's fiction and poetry; feminist theory; and consciousness-raising manifestos—written from 1970 to 1975.
Postmodern Supernaturalism: Ginsberg and the Search for a Supernatural Language
Authors: Hungerford Amy
Published: February 2006

This essay traces the development of Allen Ginsberg's poetics in the sixties, in particular, his use of Hindu and Buddhist chant as a theoretical basis for his writing. Tracing this development reveals how Ginsberg synthesizes an anti-representational theory of writing borrowed from William Burroughs with a conception of the poet as supernaturally empowered. This synthesis in Ginsberg's work is set next to popular religious movements of the sixties that, like Ginsberg's poetry, turned to meaningless or empty language as a privileged site of supernatural power.
Chants Demagogic
Authors: Lott Eric
Published: February 2006

Eric Lott responds to the essay by this issue's guest editors (Sean McCann and Michael Szalay), "Do You Believe in Magic? Literary Thinking after the New Left"
Introduction: Paul Potter and the Cultural Turn
Authors: McCann Sean , Szalay Michael
Published: February 2006

In 1965, Paul Potter designated "the system" as the principle antagonist of the fledgling New Left. This term, and the assumptions behind it, capaciously synthesized the many ills that Potter and others hoped to redress; it also revealed, the authors suggest, a conception of power particularly congenial to the description and analysis of culture. The authors introduce each of the following essays with this in mind, detailing their shared interest in the articulation of a cultural politics specific to the 1960s.
Do You Believe in Magic? Literary Thinking after the New Left
Authors: McCann Sean , Szalay Michael
Published: February 2006

Toward the end of the 1960s, the New Left and the counterculture developed a libertarian theory of politics that emphasized symbolic action and self-realization. A concomitant suspicion of formal political institutions and a turn to cultural politics have since become common to intellectual discourse within the humanities. This essay argues against these attitudes, while tracing them from the protest movements of the late sixties to contemporary fiction and literary theory. The authors conclude by detailing the strong affinities between this vision of radicalism and the interests of professional labor within the present-day university.
Learning from Little Tree: The Political Education of the Counterculture
Authors: McGurl Mark
Published: February 2006

This essay uses the scandal surrounding the authorship of Forrest Carter's The Education of Little Tree, discovered to have been written by white supremacist activist and speechwriter, Asa Carter, as an occasion to examine the shifting relation between American education and the political sphere in the 1960s and seventies, demonstrating how the figure of the Native American became a symbolic vehicle of the period's increasing inability to decide where the boundaries of higher educational institutions and practices should be drawn, and of the confusing directionality of politics conducted in the educational domain.
How the Conjure-Man Gets Busy: Cultural Nationalism, Masculinity, and Performativity
Authors: Murray Rolland
Published: February 2006

This essay reconsiders the Black Power movement's cultural politics by arguing that these advocates suffered from the contradictions and anxieties produced as they legitimated a highly performative mode of masculine speech as a cornerstone of their nationalism. Framing John Oliver Killens's career as an especially keen extension of these tensions, the essay explores how he endorsed the performative turn even as his novel The Cotillion tracked out its inevitable limitations. Placing Killens's work alongside that of his contemporaries, the essay paints a portrait of a nationalism that was deeply divided by the very agenda that it created.
Past Using James Baldwin and Civil Rights Law in the 1960s
Authors: Nabers Deak
Published: February 2006

This essay charts the intersecting relations between social and historical accounts of the nature of American racial inequality in Baldwin's essays and in the broader discourse of American civil rights in the 1960s. It maintains that the history of racial inequality achieves a new political salience over the course of the 1960s, that it achieves this salience because it serves as a proxy for those features of racial disadvantage deriving from something other than the state's authority, and that its rise mirrors the rise of a widespread anxiety that legal initiatives might be unable to eliminate American racial inequality.
Liberating Sade
Authors: Steintrager James A.
Published: February 2006

In the 1960s, both high theory and popular culture used the Marquis de Sade to link concerns about violence and social repression with an investment in sexual repression in the psychoanalytic sense. While Sade's writings suggest the incompatibility of complete sexual freedom with political emancipation, this apparent contradiction was meant to vanish within a framework of general liberation. I argue that the idea of general liberation failed to account for the increasing differentiation of society. In the case of Sade in particular, the elision of the distinction between intimacy and sexual pleasure allowed—and continues to enable—the notion that sexual acts translate into liberationist politics rather than creating potentially insoluble social conflicts.
Cultural Politics and the Sociology of the University
Authors: Winter Sarah
Published: February 2006

Sarah Winter responds to the essay by this issue's guest editors (Sean McCann and Michael Szalay), "Do You Believe in Magic? Literary Thinking after the New Left"
Information Retrieval in Medicine: The Visual and the Invisible (Information Retrieval im Gesundheitswesen: Das Visuelle und das Unsichtbare)
Authors: Wiesman Floris , Hasman Arie , Braun Loes , van den Herik Jaap
Published: February 2006

Especially in knowledge-rich domains such as medicine perfect access to the literature is essential for professionals. Unfortunately, especially in knowledge-rich domains it is difficult to achieve perfect access: it is too difficult and too time consuming for users to formulate queries that yield the maximum of relevant documents and a minimum of non-relevant ones. The paper first discusses the challenges of information retrieval in medicine and various existing approaches. To address the challenges two completely opposite approaches are presented. The first supports the user by means of metabrowsing: a visual way of depicting the relations between domain concepts and documents. Metabrowsing relieves the user from the formulation of queries, while leaving him in full control. The second approach aims to minimize the interaction with the user. Information needs and queries are autonomously and proactively formulated by a software-agent who remains invisible to the user. The agent uses the electronic patient record of a particular patient and domain knowledge. As a result, the agent provides the doctor with literature that is relevant with respect to the patient at hand.
Bioinformatics and The Virtual Cell (Bioinformatik und die Virtuelle Zelle)
Authors: Glass Änne , Karopka Thomas , Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: February 2006

Over the last decade, the areas of bioinformatics and genomics have identified, catalogued and characterised, at the molecular level, the components that make up the complex system of a cell. The next step is to describe how the many components interact to create the complex behaviour that underlies development and disease. The following article is to describe some of the research areas and challenges involved.
Health Information Systems (Informationssysteme im Gesundheitswesen)
Authors: Beyer Mario , Lenz Richard , Kuhn Klaus A.
Published: February 2006

Hospital Information Systems have been emerging towards Health Information Systems (HIS) for more than a decade. Systems have spread across institutional borders, and regional health networks are being supported. Furthermore, E-Health is starting to become a reality. In the same time, HIS functionality has significantly improved: systems have become by far more comprehensive, providing essential information and knowledge to health care professionals, supporting quality management, improving patient safety, and providing means to inform patients. Old and new problems, however, remain to be solved, and significant challenges exist. Among them are the need for flexibility, extensibility, seamless integration, and adaptation to work processes. Health Information Systems need to cope with change and with the evolution of medical concepts. Continuous quality improvement of distributed health care processes needs to be supported. The underlying IT infrastructure has to gradually overcome semantic heterogeneity of systems, and to provide support for inter-institutional workflow. In this article, we will present both challenges and architectural approaches for future HIS.
Introduction to “Anthropology and Human Rights in a New Key”
Authors: GOODALE MARK
Published: February 2006

In this “In Focus” introduction, I begin by offering an overview of anthropology's engagements with human rights following the American Anthropological Association's (AAA) 1947 “Statement on Human Rights.” After offering a rereading of the Statement, I describe the two major anthropological orientations to human rights that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, following several decades of relative disengagement. Finally, I locate the articles in relation to this history and indicate how, when taken as a whole, they express a new key or register within which human rights can be studied, critiqued, and advanced through anthropological forms of knowledge. This “In Focus” is in part an argument for an essentially ecumenical anthropology of human rights, one that can tolerate, and indeed encourage, approaches that are both fundamentally critical of contemporary human rights regimes and politically or ethically committed to these same regimes.
The Twice‐Killed: Imagining Protest Suicide
Authors: ANDRIOLO KARIN
Published: February 2006

The inspiration I take from J. M. Coetzee's book Elizabeth Costello (2003) is his advocacy of imagining as an alternative to rational thought. Imagining, as I understand him, is mindwork that engages the body as an experiential and metaphorical site. I apply this notion of imagining to suicides conducted in the service of political protest: The fatal hunger strike of ten prisoners in Northern Ireland in 1981 and Jan Palach's self‐immolation in Prague in 1969. Three questions direct the exploration of their trajectories: What feeds the hope for the effectiveness of protest suicides? How do they use the body as a performance site? Do such suicides call for an ethics of attentiveness?
The Humanity of Animals and the Animality of Humans: A View from Biological Anthropology Inspired by J. M. Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello
Authors: FUENTES AGUSTIN
Published: February 2006

In his novel Elizabeth Costello (2003), J. M. Coetzee's title character espouses philosophical perspectives on cruelty and the human condition in a series of fictionalized lectures. In particular, she takes on the question of human cruelty to animals. As novelist, Coetzee relies on lyrical statements about the nature of cruelty, analogies between the atrocities of fascism and factory farms, and ethical elitism to address these issues. In this article, I use anthropological data to investigate such constructed notions of “human cruelty” and “human nature.” I end with a discussion of cross‐cultural variation in animal use by humans and of the current animal rights movement. The goal of this article is to engage, anthropologically, perspectives on cruelty in human natures and our relations with other animals.
Afterword to “Cruelty, Suffering, Imagination: The Lessons of J. M. Coetzee”: Anthropologists as Public Intellectuals, Again
Authors: HANDLER RICHARD
Published: February 2006

Anthropologists' interest in literature and novelists' interest in cultural criticism converge in J. M. Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello (2003) and in these four “In Focus” responses to the book. Recent discussions of ethnographic writing seem to have prepared anthropologists for the generic innovations of the novel, leaving us free to take up the pressing moral problems that Coetzee rehearses. To speak to a broad public about such issues remains a challenge for anthropologists, who would do well to study the ways novelists have found to make their political voices heard.
Prehistory, Identity, and Archaeological Representation in Nordic Museums
Authors: LEVY JANET E.
Published: February 2006

In this article, I examine the variable representation of Saami (Lapp) prehistory in several Nordic museums. The analysis is situated at the intersection of (1) the examination of the ideology of archaeological practice, (2) the discourse about creation of indigenous identity, and (3) the visual culture of museum exhibitions. I describe and analyze displays about archaeology and prehistory from seven museums in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. The presentation of Saami prehistory differs significantly between majority community museums and those run by Saami communities. These presentations reflect ideologies implicated in building indigenous, nationalist, and pannational identities as well as in establishing legitimacy of Saami claims to land and heritage. Representations of the past are inevitably political because they are about linking people, place, and legitimacy. Ambiguities in these uses of prehistory are discussed, as is the globalizing role of the European Union.
Memory Pieces and Footprints: Multivocality and the Meanings of Ancient Times and Ancestral Places among the Zuni and Hopi
Authors: COLWELL‐CHANTHAPHONH CHIP , FERGUSON T. J.
Published: February 2006

The notion of the “contested past” has grown to be an important topic in anthropological research in recent decades, linking such themes as nationalism, identity, museology, tourism, and war. In North America, these discussions have largely centered on archaeology's shifting relationship with native peoples. As scholars give new attention to how research methodologies and representation of cultural histories affect indigenous peoples, it is critical to understand the unique ways in which Native Americans view their past. Contemporary Zuni and Hopi interpretations of ancestral landscapes in the San Pedro Valley of Arizona are used to explore how indigenous worldviews imbue ancient places with deep cultural and individual meanings. This research, based on a three‐year collaborative ethnohistory project, argues for resolution to the “contested past” by incorporating a perspective of multivocality, which will enable the creation of alternative histories that do not eschew scientific principles while respecting native values of history.
Culturally Determined Patterns of Violence: Biological Anthropological Investigations at a Historic Urban Cemetery
Authors: BRICKLEY MEGAN , SMITH MARTIN
Published: February 2006

Patterns of violence and the type and distribution of resulting injuries are highly culturally specific. In this study, skeletal data from a historic cemetery (St. Martin's, England) are combined with contemporary sources and modern clinical data to enable the patterning of violence‐related injuries to be interpreted. Particular consideration was given to the possibility of a relationship between commonly occurring types of violence and those that are popular in sport. Phillip Walker (1997) suggested that the growth of fist fighting in the early‐20th‐century United States was stimulated by the rising popularity of boxing. At St. Martin's, a pattern of injuries consistent with fighting in a style specific to boxing is evident, suggesting that developing boxing styles were influential in 18th‐ and 19th‐century Britain as the accepted way of settling interpersonal disputes. This research underlines the importance of interpreting skeletal data in their specific cultural context to gain the maximum information on patterns of behavior.
Reclaiming Applied Anthropology: Its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: RYLKO‐BAUER BARBARA , SINGER MERRILL , WILLIGEN JOHN VAN
Published: February 2006

Growing concerns about anthropology's impact in both academia and the broader social arena have led to calls for more “public” and more relevant anthropology. In this article, we expand on these exhortations, by calling for systematic joining of critical social theory with application and pragmatic engagement with contemporary problems. We argue for the repositioning of applied anthropology as a vital component of the broader discipline and suggest that it should serve as a framework for constructing a more engaged anthropology. In revisiting disciplinary history and critiques of applied anthropology, we demonstrate the central role that application has played throughout anthropology's evolution, address common misconceptions that serve as barriers to disciplinary integration, examine the role of advocacy in relation to greater engagement as well as the relationship of theory to practice, and conclude with an assessment of the diverse work that is subsumed under the inclusive rubric of “anthropology in use.”
Introduction: Making Human Rights Claims Public
Authors: McLAGAN MEG
Published: February 2006

This introduction explores some of the broader themes in this special section on the technologies of witnessing. In today's globally mediated world, visual images play a central role in determining which violences are redeemed and which get recognized. Northern human rights activists understand this fact and in recent years have built a transnational communications infrastructure through which “local” actors' claims are formatted into human rights “issues.” I discuss the axiom that underpins this infrastructure, the notion that “seeing is believing,” and then go on to briefly analyze some of the models (mobilization of shame) and forms (testimony) through which activists mediate their claims.
Transnational Storytelling: Human Rights, WITNESS, and Video Advocacy
Authors: GREGORY SAM
Published: February 2006

Video is increasingly utilized by human rights groups as a component in their advocacy strategies. This article looks at how video is used for a range of local, national, and transnational human rights audiences—both traditional and alternative. Drawing on a case study from the Philippines, it considers the challenges and issues faced by WITNESS (www.witness.org), its locally based human rights partners, and other similar organizations as they create and use video as visual evidence, testimony, and moral story before local, international, and transnational human rights audiences. These challenges include the contextualization of stories and sight bites, dilemmas of moving testimony between advocacy and media arenas, and the difficulties of establishing an ethical relationship, a community of witness, at a distance. This article is written in a personal capacity, although it draws on my experiences working as Program Manager at WITNESS.
Mobilizing Hope: Beyond the Shame‐Based Model in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict
Authors: AVNI RONIT
Published: February 2006

Author Ronit Avni left her position at WITNESS, a nonprofit organization that trains nongovernmental institutions worldwide to incorporate video and digital media into their human rights advocacy campaigns, to launch Just Vision. Just Vision is dedicated to documenting, exposing, and supporting that which is not seen in mainstream broadcast images of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, such as local Palestinian and Israeli civilians working to build a grassroots consensus for peace. Avni discusses the reasoning for her shift from human rights monitoring within the context of the conflict to promoting civic models for peace building using documentary film and the Internet. She also examines some of the implications of this shift: How they play out in the work of Just Vision, and what they might tell us about the limitations of conventional human rights documentation practices in specific contexts.
Ravished Armenia: Visual Media, Humanitarian Advocacy, and the Formation of Witnessing Publics
Authors: TORCHIN LESHU
Published: February 2006

Discourses around human rights frequently treat media as transparent delivery systems for testimony and spectacles of atrocity. Such views detract from the degree to which media circuits shape human rights claims, in which aesthetic strategies transform a vast and distant horror into sympathetic cause, and systems of exhibition channel sentiment into action. This article's study of Ravished Armenia and the early film advocacy of Near East Relief in the Armenian case yields not only the contributions of media to claims‐making process and humanitarian action but also Christian underpinnings of human rights movements. The evangelical legacy produced missions that provided the transnational infrastructure for sharing visual testimony and administering aid and offered an instrumental iconography of suffering that shaped an early “rights imaginary.”
Complementary Angles and Inclusive Perspectives: Rounding Out Integrative Views of Material Culture
Authors: SCHELD SUZANNE
Published: February 2006

Crafting Gender: Women and Folk Art in Latin America and the Caribbean. Eli Barta, ed. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. 244 pp.

Clothing the Pacific. Chloë Colchester. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 215 pp.

Wedding Dress across Cultures. Helen Bradley Foster and Donald Clay Johnson, eds. Oxford: Berg, 2003. 227 pp.
People Out of Place: Unquiet Immigrants
Authors: SMITH‐NONINI SANDY
Published: February 2006

Legalizing Moves: Salvadoran Immigrants' Struggle for U.S. Residency. Susan Bibler Coutin. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. 228 pp.

The Maya of Morganton: Work and Community in the Nuevo New South. Leon Fink. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 254 pp.

The Children of NAFTA: Labor Wars on the U.S./Mexico Border. David Bacon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 348 pp.
Combined Reviews
Authors: CASTILLO RICHARD J.
Published: February 2006

Schizophrenia, Culture, and Subjectivity: The Edge of Experience. Janis Hunter Jenkins and Robert John Barrett, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 357 pp.

Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Schizophrenia. John Read, Loren R. Mosher, and Richard P. Bentall, eds. New York: Brunner‐Routledge, 2004. 373 pp.
Creole Transformation from Slavery to Freedom: Historical Archaeology of the East End Community, St. John, Virgin Islands
Authors: DELLE JAMES A.
Published: February 2006

Creole Transformation from Slavery to Freedom: Historical Archaeology of the East End Community, St. John, Virgin Islands. Douglas V. Armstrong. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. 448 pp.
Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality
Authors: ERRINGTON JOSEPH
Published: February 2006

Voices of Modernity: Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality. Richard Bauman and Charles L. Briggs. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 356 pp.
Asian American Religions: The Making and Remaking of Borders and Boundaries
Authors: OGURI KAORU
Published: February 2006

Asian American Religions: The Making and Remaking of Borders and Boundaries. Tony Carnes and Fenggang Yang, eds. New York: New York University Press, 2004. 399 pp.
Fraternal Capital: Peasant Workers, Self‐Made Men and Globalization in Provincial India
Authors: VISWESWARAN KAMALA
Published: February 2006

Fraternal Capital: Peasant Workers, Self‐Made Men and Globalization in Provincial India. Sharad Chari. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 379 pp.
The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico
Authors: BINFORD LEIGH
Published: February 2006

The Culture of Migration in Southern Mexico. Jeffrey H. Cohen. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. 195 pp.
Around the Tuscan Table: Food, Family and Gender in Twentieth‐Century Florence
Authors: ROGERS SUSAN CAROL
Published: February 2006

Around the Tuscan Table: Food, Family and Gender in Twentieth‐Century Florence. Carole M. Counihan. New York: Routledge, 2004. 248 pp.
From Mukogodo to Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya
Authors: JONES DOUG
Published: February 2006

From Mukogodo to Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya. Lee Cronk. Cambridge, MA: Westview Press, 2004. 172 pp.
The Price of Poverty: Money, Work, and Culture in the Mexican American Barrio
Authors: ALVAREZ ROBERT R.
Published: February 2006

The Price of Poverty: Money, Work, and Culture in the Mexican American Barrio. Daniel Dohan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 314 pp.
The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography
Authors: NARAYAN KIRIN
Published: February 2006

The Ethnographic I:. Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. Carolyn Ellis. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 448 pp.
Medieval Archaeology: Understanding Traditions and Contemporary Approaches
Authors: McGOVERN THOMAS H.
Published: February 2006

Medieval Archaeology: Understanding Traditions and Contemporary Approaches. Christopher Gerrard. New York: Routledge, 2003. 302 pp.
The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post‐Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North
Authors: PLATTET PATRICK
Published: February 2006

The Predicament of Chukotka's Indigenous Movement: Post‐Soviet Activism in the Russian Far North. Patty A. Gray. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 276 pp.
The End of the Soul: Scientific Modernity, Atheism, and Anthropology in France
Authors: LANGLITZ NICOLAS
Published: February 2006

The End of the Soul: Scientific Modernity, Atheism, and Anthropology in France. Jennifer Michael Hecht. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. 402 pp.
Archaeology beyond Dialogue
Authors: KOWALEWSKI STEPHEN A.
Published: February 2006

Archaeology beyond Dialogue. Ian Hodder. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 208 pp.
Now I Know Only So Far: Essays in Ethnopoetics
Authors: TEDLOCK DENNIS
Published: February 2006

Now. Know Only So Far: Essays in Ethnopoetics. Dell Hymes. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. 512 pp.
Chronicling Cultures: Long‐Term Field Research in Anthropology
Authors: HAUGERUD ANGELIQUE
Published: February 2006

Chronicling Cultures: Long‐Term Field Research in Anthropology. Robert V. Kemper and Anya Peterson Royce, eds. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2002. 353 pp.
The Other Side of Middletown: Exploring Muncie's African American Community
Authors: GRIM VALERIE , HOGUE KELLIE
Published: February 2006

The Other Side of Middletown: Exploring Muncie's African American Community. Luke Eric Lassiter, Hurley Goodall, Elizabeth Campbell, and Michelle Natasya Johnson, eds. Marburg an der Lahn: Basilisken Press, 2004. 307 pp.
Ethical Theory as Social Practice
Authors: GOODALE MARK
Published: February 2006

This article represents a search for a different analytical language through which anthropology can engage with human rights. This effort is intended to contribute to what is an expanding range of ways in which anthropologists conceptualize, advocate for, and critique contemporary human rights. Its central argument is that current ethnographic studies of human rights practices can be used as the basis for making innovative claims within human rights debates that take place outside of anthropology itself. To do this, ethnographic description that captures the contradictions and contingencies at the heart of human rights practices is not enough. What is needed is a different understanding of how the idea of human rights comes to be formed in context. In this article, I suggest several possible ways that an anthropological philosophy of human rights can accomplish this. I conclude by locating this approach in relation to a longer history of anthropological skepticism toward universalist discourses.
Early Inhabitants of the Amazonian Tropical Rain Forest: A Study of Humans and Environmental Dynamics
Authors: ROOSEVELT A. C.
Published: February 2006

Early Inhabitants of the Amazonian Tropical Rain Forest:. Study of Humans and Environmental Dynamics. Santiago Mora. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003. 211 pp.
Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader
Authors: OSTERWEIL MICHAL
Published: February 2006

Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader. June C. Nash, ed. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishers, 2005. 344 pp.
Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives
Authors: BALÉE WILLIAM
Published: February 2006

Ethnoecology: Situated Knowledge/Located Lives. Virginia D. Nazarea, ed. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2003. 299 pp.
Archaeology as a Process: Processualism and Its Progeny
Authors: KOWALEWSKI STEPHEN A.
Published: February 2006

Archaeology as. Process: Processualism and Its Progeny. Michael J. O'Brien, R. Lee Lyman, and Michael Brian Schiffer. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2005. 350 pp.
Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems
Authors: HANNERZ ULF
Published: February 2006

Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Aihwa Ong and Stephen J. Collier, eds. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishers, 2005. 494 pp.
Foundations of Social Archaeology: Selected Writings of V. Gordon Childe
Authors: SCHUYLER ROBERT L.
Published: February 2006

Foundations of Social Archaeology: Selected Writings of V. Gordon Childe. Thomas C. Patterson and Charles E. Orser Jr., eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2004. 211 pp.
Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth‐Century Mauritius
Authors: ANDERSON CLARE
Published: February 2006

Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth‐Century Mauritius. Megan Vaughan. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005. 341 pp.
Identity and Development: Tongan Culture, Agriculture, and the Perenniality of the Gift
Authors: ODDEN HAROLD
Published: February 2006

Identity and Development: Tongan Culture, Agriculture, and the Perenniality of the Gift. Paul van der Grijp. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. 227 pp.
A Moral Critique of Development: In Search of Global Responsibilities
Authors: STIRRAT R. L.
Published: February 2006

A Moral Critique of Development: In Search of Global Responsibilities. Philip van Ufford and Ananta Kumar Giri, eds. New York: Routledge, 2003. 309 pp.
Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission
Authors: WINKELMAN MICHAEL
Published: February 2006

Modes of Religiosity:. Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Harvey Whitehouse. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. 208 pp.
Transnational Human Rights and Local Activism: Mapping the Middle
Authors: MERRY SALLY ENGLE
Published: February 2006

How do transnational ideas such as human rights approaches to violence against women become meaningful in local social settings? How do they move across the gap between a cosmopolitan awareness of human rights and local sociocultural understandings of gender and family? Intermediaries such as community leaders, nongovernmental organization participants, and social movement activists play a critical role in translating ideas from the global arena down and from local arenas up. These are people who understand both the worlds of transnational human rights and local cultural practices and who can look both ways. They are powerful in that they serve as knowledge brokers between culturally distinct social worlds, but they are also vulnerable to manipulation and subversion by states and communities. In this article, I theorize the process of translation and argue that anthropological analysis of translators helps to explain how human rights ideas and interventions circulate around the world and transform social life.
Anthropology, Human Rights, and Legal Knowledge: Culture in the Iron Cage
Authors: RILES ANNELISE
Published: February 2006

In this article, I draw on ethnography in the particular zone of engagement between anthropologists, on the one hand, and human rights lawyers who are skeptical of the human rights regime, on the other hand. I argue that many of the problems anthropologists encounter with the appropriation and marginalization of anthropology's analytical tools can be understood in terms of the legal character of human rights. In particular, discursive engagement between anthropology and human rights is animated by the pervasive instrumentalism of legal knowledge. I contend that both anthropologists who seek to describe the culture of human rights and lawyers who critically engage the human rights regime share a common problem—that of the “iron cage” of legal instrumentalism. I conclude that an ethnographic method reconfigured as a matter of what I termcircling back—as opposed to cultural description—offers a respite from the hegemony of legal instrumentalism.
At the Crossroads of Human Rights and Anthropology: Toward a Critically Engaged Activist Research
Authors: SPEED SHANNON
Published: February 2006

In this article, I consider anthropology's engagement with human rights today. Through the lens of my experience in a case brought before the International Labor Organization by a community in Chiapas, Mexico, I consider the ethical, practical, and epistemological questions that arise in research defined by rights activism. I argue that the critical engagement brought about by activist research is both necessary and productive. Such research can contribute to transforming the discipline by addressing the politics of knowledge production and working to decolonize our research process. Rather than seeking to avoid or resolve the tensions inherent in anthropological research on human rights, activist research draws them to the fore, making them a productive part of the process. Finally, activist research allows us to merge cultural critique with political action to produce knowledge that is empirically grounded, theoretically valuable, and ethically viable.
Introduction to “Cruelty, Suffering, Imagination: The Lessons of J. M. Coetzee”
Authors: MASCIA‐LEES FRANCES E. , SHARPE PATRICIA
Published: February 2006

For over two decades, Nobel laureate J. M. Coetzee has brilliantly addressed issues of interest to anthropologists: the brutal effects of racist tyranny and injustice in South Africa; the reach of empire; guilt and revenge; and the problem of language in particular historical and political moments. In his recent work Elizabeth Costello (2003a), Coetzee confronts a particularly pressing set of contemporary political and ethical concerns, ones to which anthropologists have much to add. In this “In Focus,” anthropologists from each of the subdisciplines use Elizabeth Costello as a lens for working through such concerns, addressing a range of questions—including the nature of evil and its relationship to state power, the burden of belief, the legacy of colonialism, the ethical limits of representations of horror, what it means to live in a world of cruelty and suffering, and the power of humans' sympathetic imagination to confront such a world.
Coetzee on South Africa's Past: Remembering in the Time of Forgetting
Authors: MESKELL LYNN , WEISS LINDSAY
Published: February 2006

As an intellectual figure in South Africa, J. M. Coetzee has consistently engaged with the politics of the past, particularly the contemporary ethical ramifications of the colonial past, alongside the more recent and bitter history of oppression under apartheid. As archaeologists, we aim to excavate these engagements through his novels and essays, particularly his long‐standing concerns with the Khoekhoe communities of the Cape. In South Africa today, the tensions between remembering and forgetting are palpable and, in the aftermath of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), we suggest that not all forgetting can be cast as therapeutic. Throughout his complex relationships with the nation's history, Coetzee foregrounds the colonial past and reiterates the ethical responsibilities of remembering so that the patterns of the past are not repeated.
Culture and Rights after Culture and Rights
Authors: COWAN JANE K.
Published: February 2006

Building on a critical, theoretical approach outlined in Culture and Rights: Anthropological Perspectives (Cowan et al. 2001a), I posit rights processes as complex and contradictory: Both enabling and constraining, they produce new subjectivities and social relations and entail unintended consequences. To encourage interdisciplinary engagement on these themes, I explore selected texts that consider the relationship between culture and rights, addressing two literatures: (1) debates on culture, rights, and recognition in the context of multiculturalism among political philosophers and (2) an emerging literature by anthropologists, feminists, critical legal scholars, and engaged practitioners analyzing empirical cases. Although political philosophers elucidate ethical implications and clarify political projects, an outmoded arsenal of theoretical concepts of “culture,”“society,” and “the individual” has hampered their debates. When accounts are both theoretically informed and empirically grounded, contradictions, ambiguities, and impasses of culture and rights are more fully explored and the liberal model of rights and multiculturalism is more open to interrogation.
Workers in the New Economy: Transformation as Border Crossing
Authors: Walkerdine Valerie
Published: February 2006

In this article, I seek to make an intervention in debates between psycho‐logical and postmodern anthropology by engaging with the theme of border crossing. I argue that the theme of the border is one that fundamentally instantiates a separation between interior and exterior with respect to subjectivity, itself a funda‐mental transformation and a painful and difficult border. This is related to a Cartesian distinction critiqued in this article. How the distinction between interior and exterior may be transcended is discussed in relation to examples of transformation from the crossing of class borders to the production and regulation of workers in a globalized and neoliberal economy. I begin with reference to postwar transformations of class with its anxious borders and go on to think about changes in the labor market and how these demand huge transformations that tear apart communities, destroy work‐places, and sunder the sense of safety and stability that those gave. Advanced liberalism or neoliberalism brings with it a speeding up of the transformations of liberalism in which subjects are constantly invoked as self‐contained, with a trans‐portable self that must be produced through the developmental processes of personality and rationality. This self must be carried like a snail carries a shell. It must be coherent yet mutable, fixed yet multiple and flexible. But this view of the subject covers over the many connections that make subjectivity possible. I conclude by ask‐ing what it would mean to rethink this issue of the production of safe spaces beyond an essentialist psychological conception of only one mother child space, separated from the social world, as having the power to produce feelings of safety? I end the article with an argument for a relational approach to subjectivity and sociality. [subjectivity, relationality, neoliberalism, workers, class]
Richard G. Condon Prize Toward a Cultural Psychology of Impermanence in Thailand
Authors: Cassaniti Julia
Published: February 2006

How do people in a northern Thai community think about the central Theravada Buddhist concept of anicca (a Pali term referring to impermanence)? Different interpretations and applications are explored through conversations with 27 monks and laypeople in the town of Mae Chaem, Chiang Mai Province. Authoritative dis‐course, occupation, life experience, and personal concerns were all found to be involved in the ways that people in this community use the concept of impermanence in their everyday lives. I address a distinction between abstract and practiced culture, and make an argument for the significance of lived experience in the scholarly under‐standing of Buddhism. [Buddhism, psychology, practice, Thailand, religion]
Revealing and Concealing: Interpersonal Dynamics and the Negotiation of Identity in the Interview
Authors: Ewing Katherine Pratt
Published: February 2006

With questions of identity negotiation and power now central in anthropol‐ogy, anthropologists must become more attentive to negotiations in the interview process itself. This article draws together insights from sociolinguistics, psychoanalysis, and literary criticism to identify procedures for recognizing multiple layers of signifi‐cance in interview responses. Passages from two well‐known ethnographies, Dorinne Kondo's Crafting Selves (1990) and Sidney Mintz's Worker in the Cane (1974), are reinterpreted to demonstrate how attending to transference and countertransference, allusion and intertextuality, and linguistic phenomena such as ambiguity and pronom‐inal shifts can enhance the anthropologist's awareness of the process of identity negotiation in the field and yield richer ethnographic writing that goes beyond the use of abstracted cultural patterns as an explanatory device to a demonstration of how cultural practices are enacted with and through the ethnographer. [interviewing, ethnography, identity, transference, sociolinguistics, intertextuality]
A Functional Impression Technique for an Implant-supported Overdenture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Uludağ Bülent , Şahin Volkan
Published: February 2006

Overdenture support is derived from oral mucosa and retained roots or implants. Functional loads must be distributed, optimally, between the supporting structures for the success of overdentures; such a distribution may be obtained with the use of functional impression procedures. A functional impression technique is described for the fabrication of an implant-supported overdenture.
Preparation and Characterization of Anodized Titanium Surfaces and Their Effect on Osteoblast Responses
Authors: Kim Kyo-Han , Kwon Tae-Yub , Kim Shin-Yoon , Kang Inn-Kyu , Kim Sukyoung , Yang Yunzhi , Ong Joo L.
Published: February 2006

In this study, titanium (Ti) surface was modified by anodizing with a mixture of β-glycerophosphate sodium and calcium (Ca) acetate, and the anodized surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. In vitro osteoblast response to anodized oxide was also evaluated. The anodic oxide produced was observed to have interconnected pores (0.5–2 μm in diameter) and intermediate roughness (0.60–1.00 μm). In addition, anodic oxide was observed to have amorphous and anatase oxide. Calcium and phosphorus ions were deposited on the Ti oxide during anodization. Osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase production, was enhanced on anodized surfaces. It was thus concluded from this study that Ca phosphate can be deposited on Ti surfaces by anodization. It was also concluded that the phenotypic expression of osteoblast was enhanced by the presence of Ca phosphate and higher roughness on anodized Ti surfaces.
Screw vs Cement-Implant–retained Restorations: An Experimental Study in the Beagle. Part 2. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of the Peri-implant Tissues
Authors: Assenza Bartolomeo , Artese Luciano , Scarano Antonio , Rubini Corrado , Perrotti Vittoria , Piattelli Maurizio , Thams Ulf , Roman Fidel San , Piccirilli Marcello , Piattelli Adriano
Published: February 2006

Crestal bone loss has been reported to occur around dental implants. Even if the causes of this bone loss are not completely understood, the presence of a microgap between implant and abutment with a possible contamination of the internal portion of the implants has been suggested. The aim of this study was to see if there were differences in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, microvessel density (MVD), proliferative activity (MIB-1), and inflammatory infiltrate in the soft tissues around implants with screwed and cemented abutments. Sandblasted and acid-etched implants were inserted in the mandibles of 6 Beagle dogs. Ten 3.5- × 10-mm root-form implants were inserted in each mandible. A total of 60 implants (30 with screwed abutments and 30 with cemented abutments) were used. After 12 months, all the bridges were removed and all abutments were checked for mobility. A total of 8 loosened screws (27%) were found in the screwed abutments, whereas no loosening was observed in cemented abutments. A gingival biopsy was performed in 8 implants with cemented abutments, in 8 implants with screwed abutments, and in 8 implants with unscrewed abutments. No statistically significant differences were found in the inflammatory infiltrate and in the MIB-1 among the different groups. No statistically significant difference was found in the MVD between screwed and cemented abutments (P = .2111), whereas there was a statistically significant difference in MVD between screwed and unscrewed abutments (P = .0277) and between cemented and unscrewed abutments (P = .0431). A low intensity of VEGF was prevalent in screwed and in cemented abutments, whereas a high intensity of VEGF was prevalent in unscrewed abutments. These facts could be explained by the effects induced, in the abutments that underwent a screw loosening, by the presence of bacteria inside the hollow portion of the implants or by enhanced reparative processes.
Use of a Resin-bonded Fixed Partial Denture With a Removable Pontic During the Osseointegration Period of a Single Implant Treatment: A Clinical Report
Authors: Uludağ Bülent , Şahin Volkan
Published: February 2006

This clinical report describes the construction of a resin-bonded fixed partial denture with a removable pontic during the healing period of a single implant treatment. This design improves maintenance of oral hygiene.
Implant-supported Fixed Prosthetic Treatment Using Very Small-diameter Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Flanagan Dennis
Published: February 2006

A case report is presented where an edentulous mandibular anterior site is restored with very small- or mini-diameter (1.8-mm) dental implants. The surgical and prosthetic use of very small-diameter dental implants is discussed. Such implants can be successfully used in appropriate sites where there is adequate bone density for immediate implant stability and an implant-protected occlusal scheme.