bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLP-1 and Exendin-4 Transiently Enhance GABAA Receptor–Mediated Synaptic and Tonic Currents in Rat Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Korol Sergiy V. , Jin Zhe , Babateen Omar , Birnir Bryndis
Published: August 2014

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion. Receptors for GLP-1 are also found in the brain, including the hippocampus, the center for memory and learning. Diabetes is a risk factor for decreased memory functions. We studied effects of GLP-1 and exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and decreases neuronal excitability. GLP-1 (0.01–1 nmol/L) transiently enhanced synaptic and tonic currents, and the effects were blocked by exendin (9-39). Ten pmol/L GLP-1 increased both the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) amplitudes and frequency by a factor of  1.8. In 0.1, 1 nmol/L GLP-1 or 10, 50, or 100 nmol/L exendin-4, only the sIPSC frequency increased. The tonic current was enhanced by 0.01–1 nmol/L GLP-1 and by 0.5–100 nmol/L exendin-4. When action potentials were inhibited by tetrodotoxin (TTX), inhibitory postsynaptic currents decreased and currents were no longer potentiated by GLP-1 or exendin-4. In contrast, although the tonic current decreased in TTX, it was still enhanced by GLP-1 or exendin-4. The results demonstrate GLP-1 receptor regulation of hippocampal function and are consistent with GLP-1 receptor agonists enhancing GABAA signaling by pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
The Influence of Chemical Surface Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of Titanium Castings Used in Dental Prosthetics
Authors: Burnat B. , Parchańska-Kowalik M. , Klimek L.
Published: August 2014

Air abrasion process is used for cleaning casting surface of prosthetic components, and to prepare the surface of these elements for the application of veneering items. Its side effect, however, is that abrasive particles are embedded in the treated surface, which can be up to 30% of the surface and it constitutes the side effect of this procedure. Such a significant participation of foreign material can not be indifferent to the properties of the surface. Embedded particles can be the place of stress concentration causing cracking of ceramics, and may deteriorate corrosion resistance by forming corrosive microlinks. In the latter cases, it would be advisable to remove elements embedded into the surface. The simplest method is chemical etching or electrochemical one. Nevertheless, these procedures should not significantly change the parameters of the surface. Among many possible reagents only a few fulfills all the above conditions. In addition, processing should not impair corrosion resistance of titanium, which is one of the most important factors determining its use as a prosthetic restoration in the mouth. The study presented results of corrosion resistance of titanium used to make prosthetic components by means of casting method, which were subjected to chemical processing designed to remove the embedded abrasive particles. The aim of the study was to investigate whether etching with selected reagents affects the corrosion resistance of titanium castings. For etching the following reagents were used: 30% HNO3 + 3% HF + H2O, HNO3+ HF+ glycerol (1:2:3), 4% HF in H2O2, 4% HF in H2O, with a control sandblasted sample, not subjected to etching. Tests demonstrated that the etching affected corrosion properties of test samples, in each case the reduction of the corrosion potential occurred - possibly due to the removal of particles of Al2O3 from the surface and activation of the surface. None of the samples underwent pitting corrosion as a result of polarization to 9 V. Values of the polarization resistance, and potentiodynamic characteristics indicated that the best corrosion resistance exhibited the samples after etching in a mixture of 4% solution of HF in H2O2. They showed very good passivation of the surface.
The Use of Innovative Ceramic-Carbon Bonded Filters Used for Filtration of Liquid Alloys and Evaluation of the Filtration Efficiency
Authors: Karwiński A. , Małysza M. , Wieliczko P. , Gil A. , Lipowska B.
Published: August 2014

Extremely intense development of civilization requires from foundry casting technologies very high quality and not expensive castings. In the foundries, there are many treatments that allow increasing of the final properties of produced castings such as refining, modification, heat treatment, etc. One of the methods of increasing the quality of the casting by removing inclusions from the liquid alloy is filtration. The use of ceramic-carbon foam filters in filtration process is still analysed phenomenon that allows improving the final properties of castings. A modern method of research, testing and synthesis of innovative chemical compositions allows improving the properties of such filters. In the paper the evaluation of application properties of developed ceramic-carbon bonded foam filters is presented. The quality of the foam filters is evaluated by Computer Tomography and foundry trials in pouring of liquid metal in test molds. Additionally computer simulations were made to visualize the flow characteristics in the foam filter. The analysed filters are the result of the research work of Foundry Research Institute and the Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Refractory Materials Department in Gliwice.
Multi-Criterion Assessment of Different Variants of Casts Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kukla S.
Published: August 2014

The paper presents the issue of production processes improvement in foundries in the area of finishing treatment of iron casts manufactured on automated foundry lines with vertical or horizontal mould division. Due to numerous factors which influence the efficiency of the processes, multi-criterion assessment tools were proposed in order to select the optimal solution for the assumed criteria. After determining the criteria weight using the Saaty method, a simulation experiment was designed and carried out which presents possible scenarios of casts finishing treatment operations. Basing on experiment reports from a computer model, particular solutions were evaluated using the Yager's method. The evaluation of the experiment results was performed by experts who assessed different options according to each of the criteria adopted. After the establishment of the total standardized ratings by averaging the scores given by individual experts, the final decision was generated. Using the presented method, the best solution was chosen from among the analyzed scenarios.
The Influence of Graphite Addition on the Abrasive Wear of AlMg10 Alloy Matrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles
Authors: Łągiewka M. , Konopka Z.
Published: August 2014

The presented work deals with the influence of the addition of soft graphite particles on the abrasive wear of composite reinforced with hard SiC particles. The discussed hybrid composites were produced by stirring the liquid alloy and simultaneous adding the mixture of particles. The adequately prepared suspension was gravity cast into a metal die. Both the composite castings obtained in this way and the comparative castings produced of the pure matrix alloy were examined for the abrasive wear behaviour. Photomacrographs of the sliding surfaces of the examined composites were taken, and also the hardness measurements were carried out. It was found that even a small addition of Cgr particles influences positively the tribological properties of the examined composite materials, protecting the abraded surface from the destructive action of silicon carbide particles. The work presents also the results of hardness measurements which confirm that the composite material hardness increases with an increase in the volume fraction of hard reinforcing particles.
Evaluation of Heat Capacity and Resistance to Cyclic Oxidation of Nickel Superalloys
Authors: Przeliorz R. , Binczyk F. , Gradoń P. , Góral M. , Mikuszewski T.
Published: August 2014

Paper presents the results of evaluation of heat resistance and specific heat capacity of MAR-M-200, MAR-M-247 and Rene 80 nickel superalloys. Heat resistance was evaluated using cyclic method. Every cycle included heating in 1100°C for 23 hours and cooling for 1 hour in air. Microstructure of the scale was observed using electron microscope. Specific heat capacity was measured using DSC calorimeter. It was found that under conditions of cyclically changing temperature alloy MAR-M-247 exhibits highest heat resistance. Formed oxide scale is heterophasic mixture of alloying elements, under which an internal oxidation zone was present. MAR-M-200 alloy has higher specific heat capacity compared to MAR-M-247. For tested alloys in the temperature range from 550°C to 800°C precipitation processes (γ′, γ″) are probably occurring, resulting in a sudden increase in the observed heat capacity.
High-Strength Aluminium Alloys and Their Use in Foundry Industry of Nickel Superalloys
Authors: Pysz S. , Maj M. , Czekaj E.
Published: August 2014

Of great importance in the selection of materials for cast structures is keeping a proper balance between the mechanical and plastic properties, while preserving the relevant casting properties. This study has been devoted to an analysis of the choice and application of high-strength aluminium-based alloys maintaining sufficient level of casting properties. The high level of tensile strength (Rm > 500 MPa) matched with satisfactory elongation (A > 3%) is important because materials of this type are used for cast parts operating in the aerospace, automotive, and military industries. These beneficial relationships between the high tensile strength and toughness are relatively easy to obtain in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys subjected to plastic forming and proper heat treatment. In gravity cast products, on the other hand, whether poured into sand moulds or metal moulds (dies), obtaining this favourable combination of properties poses a number of research problems (mostly resulting from the alloy chemical composition) as well as technical and technological difficulties.
The Decision Support System in the Domain of Casting Defects Diagnosis
Authors: Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D. , Rojek G. , Regulski K.
Published: August 2014

This article presents a computer system for the identification of casting defects using the methodology of Case-Based Reasoning. The system is a decision support tool in the diagnosis of defects in castings and is designed for small and medium-sized plants, where it is not possible to take advantage of multi-criteria data. Without access to complete process data, the diagnosis of casting defects requires the use of methods which process the information based on the experience and observations of a technologist responsible for the inspection of ready castings. The problem, known and studied for a long time, was decided to be solved with a computer system using a CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) methodology. The CBR methodology not only allows using expert knowledge accumulated in the implementation phase, but also provides the system with an opportunity to “learn” by collecting new cases solved earlier by this system. The authors present a solution to the system of inference based on the accumulated cases, in which the main principle of operation is searching for similarities between the cases observed and cases stored in the knowledge base.
Investigation of an Advanced Cellulose Profile Used for the Manufacture of Gating Systems
Authors: Zawieja Z. , Sawicki J. , Gumienny G. , Sobczyk-Guzenda A.
Published: August 2014

The herein paper contains the results of investigations on a new type of cellulose blend used for the manufacture of profiles applied in the process of making gating systems in the foundry industry. A standard cellulose profile was subjected to an experiment. During the experiment the profile was filled with a liquid cast iron and at the same time the temperatures of the liquid metal crystallizing inside the profile were measured as well as the temperature of the outer layer of the profile was controlled. Further, the microstructure of the cast iron, which crystallized out inside the cellulose profile, was analysed and the cellulose, thermally degraded after the experiment, was verified with the use of the chemical analysis method. Moreover, a quality analysis of the original as well as the degraded cellulose profile was run with the use of the FTIR infrared spectroscopy. The presented results revealed that the cellulose blend is aluminium silicate enriched and contains organic binder additives. The cast iron, which crystallized out, tended to have an equilibrium pearlitic structure with the release of graphite and carbides. The generation of disequilibrium ausferrite phases was also observed in the structure.
Distribution and Morphological Variations of Invasive Macrophytes Elodea Nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John and Elodea Canadensis Michx in Croatia
Authors: Kočić Aleksandra , Horvatić Janja , Jelaska Sven D.
Published: August 2014

The invasive species Elodea nuttallii was recorded for the first time in the Croatian flora in 2006, in the drainage channels of Kopački rit (Baranja). After its establishment, E. nuttallii begins to spread to the eastern and northern part of the drainage channel network from 2006-2009. High water levels are responsible for the linear spreading direction of E. nuttallii, E. nuttallii and E. canadensis show a wide range of morphological variation, which is characteristic of successful invaders. To show morphological variations of two Elodea species, the most important characters indicated in the literature were measured on 24 fresh collected samples from the seven sites in Croatia. In spite of some overlap in leaf length and width between the two Elodea species, the differences of all morphological traits except internode length are statistically significant. In E. nuttallii leaf width, length and internode length show a higher morphological variability as a result of the higher adaptive strategy to environmental parameters. The most reliable morphologi-cal characters distinguishing E. nuttallii and E. canadensis are leaf width 0.5 mm below the tip and the angle at the apex. E. nuttallii can be expected to spread to other areas of Croatia.
Responses of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) and Maize (Zea Mays L.) Plants to Cadmium Toxicity in Relation to Magnesium Nutrition
Authors: Nikolić Nataša , Pajević Slobodanka , Župunski Milan , Topić Mirjana , Arsenov Danijela
Published: August 2014

The influence of cadmium (Cd) on physiological processes in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and maize (Zea maysL.) plants exposed to either optimal mineral nutrition or the absence of magnesium (Mg) as well as the accumulation of cadmium and magnesium in plant organs were studied using the method of water culture in a greenhouse. Cd treatment reduced shoot fresh mass more strongly in Mg-supplied than in Mg-deficient plants. Negative effect of Cd on photosynthetic activity was more pronounced inT. aestivumthan inZ. maysplants. Cd treatment decreased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration in bothZ. maysandT. aestivum,irrespective of the Mg supply. Cd was preferentially accumulated in the roots of both species. Catalase activity inT. aestivumleaves and roots was unaffected by Cd and Mg supply. Cd treatment did not affect Fe accumulation in the leaves of either species, while in the roots a considerable increase occurred, irrespective of the Mg nutrition. Higher tolerance ofZ. maysandT. aestivumplants to Cd toxicity exposed to Mg deficiency could partly be ascribed to the preservation of Fe nutrition.
Spatio-temporal Soil Quality Assessment under Crop Rotation Irrigated with Treated Urban Wastewater using Fuzzy Modelling
Authors: Ghaemi Marjan , Astaraei Ali R. , Mahalati Mehdi Nassiri , Emami Hojat , Sanaeinejad Hossein H.
Published: August 2014

Quantifying soil quality is important for assessing soil management practices effects on spatial and temporal variability of soil quality at the field scale. We studied the possibility of defining a simple and practical fuzzy soil quality index based on biological, chemical and physical indicators for assessing quality variations of soil irrigated with well water and treated urban wastewater during two experimental years. In this study 6 properties considered as minimum data set were selected out of 18 soil properties as total data set using the principal component analysis. Treated urban wastewater use had greater impact on biological and chemical quality. The results showed that the studied minimum data set could be a suitable representative of total data set. Significant correlation between the fuzzy soil quality index and crop yield (R2= 0.72) indicated the index had high biological significance for studied area. Fuzzy soil quality index approach (R2= 0.99) could be effectively utilized as a tool leading to better understanding soil quality changes. This is a first trial of creation of a universal index of soil quality undertaken.
Conformational Changes in Wheat Gluten After using Ag-nanoparticles
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka
Published: August 2014

Silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties since they can be regarded as an efficient protector against pathogenic microorganisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine conformational changes in the secondary structure of wheat gluten washed out from grain treated with an aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized by tri-sodium citrate. Silver nanoparticles were used as a protective layer on the grain surface against bacterial and fungal infections (antimicrobial agent). Analysis of the amide I band revealed significant changes in the secondary structure after using silver nanoparticles. An increase in the β-sheet content (from 36.2 to 39.2%) was observed at the expense of the α-helix and β-turn content. To find factors causing these changes, the wheat grains were treated by an aqueous solution of trisodium citrate and water. The results obtained indicate that the changes in the gluten structure were connected mainly with the trisodium citrate action due to presence of a small number of free molecules of the stabilizer in the solution of silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the conformational changes in gluten pointed out that gluten flexibility increased (decrease in the αH/βS ratio from 1.40 for the control sample to 1.26 for the silver nanoparticle-treated samples) as well as the solubility of gluten decreased (decrease in the β-turn content from 13.1 to 11.4%).
Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment
Authors: Piasecka Agata , Krzemińska Izabela , Tys Jerzy
Published: August 2014

The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.
Effect of Long Storage and Soil Type on the Actual Denitrification and Denitrification Capacity to N2O Formation
Authors: Włodarczyk Teresa , Szarlip Paweł , Kozieł Wojciech , Nosalewicz Magdalena , Brzezińska Małgorzata , Pazur Marek , Urbanek Emilia
Published: August 2014

The actual denitrification to N2O and denitri-fication capacity to N2O after flooding of different soil samples stored for over 25 years in air-dry conditions and fresh, air dried samples were compared in our study. Zero N2O release was observed from the stored soils but the fresh soil samples had very low actual denitrification to N2O. NO3- addition significantly increased the amount of N2O (denitrification capacity to N2O) released after flooding, which depended on the length of storage and type of soils and was much higher in stored soils. Prolonged exposure of the soils to drought conditions caused a greater decrease in the Eh value compared with the fresh soil. The total cumulative release of N2O from the stored and fresh soils was correlated with the reduced NO3- and organic C content in soils enriched with NO3-. Some soils showed the capability of N2O consumption. CO2 release depended on the length of storage and type of soils under flooding after pro-longed drought. On average, CO2 release was higher from the stored rather than fresh soils. The organic C content in the stored soils was generally lower than in the fresh soils, probably due to the storage effect. The cumulative CO2 release from the stored soils was well correlated with the organic C while no correlation was observed for the fresh soil samples.
Physical and Biochemical Properties of Selected Tropical Fruits
Authors: Athmaselvi K.A. , Jenney Pandian , Pavithra C. , Roy Ishita
Published: August 2014

This study was conducted to determine the physical and biochemical properties of guava, sapota, and papaya. The physical properties studied were: dimensions, shell ratio, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, sphericity, packing coefficient, aspect ratio, and roundness index. The specific heat at various mass fractions, biochemical properties like pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and colour analysis were studied for fruit pulps. The viscosity of fruits was studied at various mass fractions. The high sphericity of guava and sapota indicated that those fruits had high rolling capability, which is an important factor for designing hoppers. Biochemical analysis showed that sapota was the sweetest fruit amongst the three studied.
Trace elements in scalp hair of leukaemia patients
Authors: Khuder Ali , Bakir Mohammad Adel , Hasan Reem , Mohammad Ali , Habil Khozama
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in scalp hair of leukaemia patients and healthy volunteers, using the optimised XRF method. Leukaemia hair samples were classifi ed corresponding to type, growth and age of the participants. The results showed that the studied trace elements (TEs) in both of leukaemia and control groups were positively skewed. In comparison with the control group, lower Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb and higher of Ni medians were found in all studied leukaemia patients. The median rank obtained by Mann-Whitney U-test revealed insignifi cant differences between the leukaemia patients subgroups and the controls. An exact probability (α < 0.05) associated with the U-test showed signifi cant differences between medians in leukaemia patients and controls groups for Pb (lymphatic/control, acute/control), Cu (lymphatic/control, chronic/control), Ni (lymphatic/control, chronic/control) and Fe (chronic/control). Very strong positive and negative correlations (r > 0.70) in the scalp hair of control group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn, Pb/Fe-Pb, Cu/Ni-Zn/Ni, Cu/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Ni-Pb/Ni, Zn/Fe-Zn/Cu, Pb/Ni-Ni and Ni/Fe-Pb/Ni, whereas only very strong positive ratios in the scalp hair of leukaemia patients group were observed between Ni/Fe-Ni, Cu/Fe-Cu, Zn/Fe-Zn and Pb/Fe-Pb, all correlations were signifi cant at p < 0.05. Other strong and signifi cant correlations were also observed in scalp hair of both groups. Signifi cant differences between grouping of studied TEs in all classifi ed leukaemia groups and controls were found using principal component analysis (PCA). The results of PCA confi rmed that the type and the growth of leukaemia factors were more important in element loading than the age factor.
Prevalence of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Amongst Dental Students of the Medical University of Lublin
Authors: Szalewska Magdalena , Lupa Marta , Pochroń Natalia , Pudzianowski Stanisław , Szalewski Leszek , Bożyk Andrzej , Borowicz Janusz
Published: August 2014

Introduction. The joint hypermobility syndrome is a connective tissue disorder affecting the entire organism. The symptoms include laxity of joint-stabilizing capsules and ligaments, excessive joint mobility and other accompanying symptoms. Some symptoms manifest in the oral cavity, which is of importance to dentists.

Aim. The authors attempted to determine the prevalence of joint hypermobility syndrome in the population studied.

Material and methods. The questionnaire study was conducted amongst students of the Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division, Medical University of Lublin. The study population consisted of 321 individuals, including 283 Polish students and 37 students of south-eastern nationalities (Saudi Arabia, Taiwan).

Results and conclusions. The prevalence of constitutional hypermobility amongst dental students is comparable to that reported in literature. Constitutional hypermobility is more common in students of south-eastern nationalities than in Polish students.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid – Composition and Clinical Importance in Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Authors: Rahnama Mansur , Czupkałło Łukasz , Kozicka-Czupkałło Maryla , Łobacz Michał
Published: August 2014

Among many substances used in clinical diagnosis, such as peripheral blood, gum homogenate, saliva and gingival pocket fluid, it is the latter that seems to bean extremely valuable diagnostic and research material. Identification of mediators in gingival crevicular fluid, both in the healthy gingival fissure, as well as in pathological periodontal pockets can be a valuable supplement to the initial diagnosis and describe the mechanism of gumorperiodontal diseases.

Changes in the concentration of individual components in the gingival crevicular fluid may be used to assess the severity of periodontal disease.

There are numerous methods for collecting fluid from the sulcus described: Micro-capillary drainage, micropipette drainage, rinsing pocket or drainage with the use of methylcellulose strips and then reading with Periotron.

Gingival fluid is composed mainly of blood electrolytes and organic molecules, i.e. albumins, globulins, lipoproteins or fibrinogen and cellular components as well as peptides, bacteria and enzymes.

Therefore gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is treated as a window for noninvasive analysis of periodontitis, taking into account indicators and markers of connective tissue and bone destruction.
Composite Inlays as A Modern Way of Posterior Restorations in the Dental Arch
Authors: Chałas Renata , Jurczykowska Marta , Marczyński Rafał , Pels Elżbieta
Published: August 2014

Modern restorative dentistry offers many methods of restoring qualitative cavities within the clinical crowns. Due to the concept of maintaining continuity of the dental arch and maintaining the correct plane of occlusion, for reconstruction of posterior teeth, there are especially recommended indirect restorations, which are made in the dental laboratory, i.e. crown inlays.

The aim of the study was based on the literature to describe indications, classifications and advantages of indirect composite inlays. Additionally, factors affecting the durability of indirect composite inlays and the influence on stomatognathic system were noted. Authors concluded that composite inlays can be recommended restoration method, not only in situations of loss of clinical crown tissue, but also in situations where it is necessary as structural reinforcement, e.g., in the case of Cracked Tooth Syndrome or Molar Incisor Hypomineralization.
The Effect of Sowing Quantity and Row Spacing on Seed Production of Few Minor Grass Species
Authors: Martyniak Danuta , Żurek Grzegorz
Published: August 2014

A wide range of seed material from different grass species is necessary to keep high quality grasslands and to create buffer zones between arable lands and forest and to re-cultivate waste or fallow land. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe elements of seed propagation of some minor grass species. On the basis of field experiments, different spacing and seed quantities were investigated for Beckmannia eruciformis, Cynosurus cristatus and Elytrigia elongata aiming at an optimal seed production. Satisfying seed yields were obtained even at a reduced (50% to 75%) amount of seed quantity, as compared to theoretical (or normal) values, calculated on the basis of number of plants per area unit.
Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans in Three Solanum Nigrum F3 Families
Authors: Śliwka Jadwiga , Tomczyńska Iga , Chmielarz Marcin , Stefańczyk Emil , Lebecka Renata , Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa
Published: August 2014

Solanum nigrumis a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a fewSolanaceaespecies native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host forPhytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.),S. nigrumcan suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistantS. nigrumgenotypes have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2plants and 15 F3lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3lines, originating from crosses between a susceptible and three different resistantS. nigrumaccessions followed by two self-pollinations. Parental accessions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48P. infestansisolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance toP. infestans. Laboratory detached leaf assays were performed in two dates and two replications of three leaves each. Segregation of the trait within the line allowed us to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible homozygotes was 1:2:1, indicating that a single gene is most likely underlying the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.
Effect of Seed Priming on Improvement of Germination of Vicia Villosa Under Allelopathic Components of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis
Authors: Saberi Morteza , Tamian Farajollah
Published: August 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming in improving seed germination and seedling vigor ofVicia villosaunder laboratory conditions. Chemical stimulators included: gibberel-lic acid (125,250 and 500 ppm), salicylic acid (100,200 and 300 mg/lit) and extract ofEucalyptus camaldulen-sis(0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %). This experiment was carried out as factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design, with four replications. The results showed thatEucalyptus camaldulensisextract had in-hibitive effect on germination and early seedling growth ofVicia villosa. Early seedling growth ofVicia villosaincreased by pretreatment of seeds in chemical stimulators so that the highest effect was observed in gibberellic acid (250 ppm). The chemical stimulators don’t have any effect on germination speed. Interaction effects of allelopathic and pretreatment with chemical stimulators were significance on germination percentage, root, shoot and plant length and seed vigor index.
Clustering Durum Wheat Genotypes in Multi-Environmental Trials of Rain-Fed Conditions
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Mohammadi Mohtasham , Karimizadeh Rahmatollah
Published: August 2014

For durum wheat genotypes evaluation in multi-environmental trials (MET), measured seed yield is the combined result of effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype by environment GE interaction. The GE interaction structure can be identified if the data are stratified into homogeneous subsets through cluster analysis. A combined analysis to assess GE interactions of 20 durum wheat genotypes across 14 environments was undertaken. The combined analysis of variance for E, G and GE interaction was significant, suggesting differential responses of the genotypes in various environments. Four cluster methods, which differ in the dissimilarity indices depending on the regression model or ANOVA model, were used. According to dendograms of regression methods there were 10 different genotypic groups based on G (intercept) and GE (line slope) sources and 3 different genotypic groups based on GE (line slope) sources. Also, the dendograms of ANOVA methods indicated 11 different genotypic groups based on G and GE sources and 13 different genotypic groups based on GE sources. The above mentioned genotypic groups were determined via F-test as an empirical stopping criterion for clustering. Due to the high values of regression’s determination coefficient which ranged from 92.6 to 99.4, using of the linear regression-based clustering was more practical. The genotypes clustering based on similarity of linear regression parameters or ANOVA model indicated that there were considerable variations among durum wheat genotypes and there are different with each other in response to environmental changes. Such an outcome could be regularly applied in the future to clattering durum wheat genotypes and other crops based on regression or ANOVA models in the Middle East and other areas of the world.
Genetic Variation of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) and Related Species Revealed by ISSR Analysis
Authors: Bagmohammadi Hamed , Pahlevani Mohammadhadi , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Razavi Seyed Esmaeil
Published: August 2014

Genetic diversity of eight genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius L., two populations of C. oxyacanthus, and one population of C. lanatus was investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. All samples were uniquely distinguished by 10 ISSR primers with 144 bands which generated 100% polymorphism. Furthermore, the ISSR markers could separate three safflower species properly, that highlights the effectiveness of this marker system for phylogenetic studies. The most and least informative primers were ISSR9 (PIC=0.367) and ISSR2 (PIC=0.254), and some primers were more efficient in detecting polymorphism in one species than for the others. Unweighed pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis enabled construction of a dendrogram for estimating genetic distances among different populations. The result of cluster analysis suggested that cultivated and wild populations of C. oxyacanthus had close relationship with each other and far relationship with C. lanatus. The extreme genetic dissimilarity was observed between genotypes of C. tinctorius and C. lanatus populations. Based on the results, C. oxyacanthus could introduce favorable genes to cultivated safflower via inter-specific hybridization in breeding programs. Nei’s gene diversity index, Shannon’s index and percent of polymorphic loci showed that Isfahan ecotype of C. oxyacanthus had the highest variation at DNA level in relation to populations of other species. The ISSRs developed in this research along with those recently studied by other researchers will contribute to construct genetic map with a density sufficient for safflower molecular breeding.
Shelf Life of Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) Seed Stored Under Humid Tropical Conditions
Authors: Adebisi M.A. , Esuruoso O.A. , Adetumbi J.A. , Abdul-Rafiu A.M. , Kehinde T.O. , Ajani O.O. , Agboola D.A.
Published: August 2014

Successful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. Seed viability and vigour of four kenaf varieties during storage were investigated. Seeds of each variety were packed inside thick polythene bags and kept in Seed Stores under ambient conditions in two storage locations (Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) (29.8°C, 59.10 RH%) and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan (27.5°C, 64.68 RH%) for 240 days (8 months). Seeds were sampled during storage at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days and tested for seed viability and seedling vigour index. Data collected on seed viability and seedling vigour were analyzed using ANOVA, mean separation using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level and PROBIT analysis. The results showed differential responses in the two quality traits due to differences in storage location and varieties. Ibadan storage location provided more favourable conditions for higher seed quality compared to Abeokuta location while Ifeken 400 and Tianung had the best storage potential. The study showed that under ambient humid tropical conditions, storage period should not exceed 180 days (6 months) in order to maintain higher physiological quality with little or no cost. The PROBIT result revealed that the highest seed shelf life (longevity) of kenaf seeds of 8 to 9 months was derived for seeds of Ifeken 400 and Tianung stored in Ibadan and Abeokuta. The shortest shelf life of 6 months was estimated for Ifeken 100 stored in both locations.
Seed and Seedling Vigour in Tropical Maize Inbred Lines
Authors: Adebisi M.A. , Kehinde T.O. , Porbeni J.B.O. , Oduwaye O.A. , Biliaminu K. , Akintunde S.A.
Published: August 2014

Seed and seedling vigour is an aspect of seed quality which affects field establishment and performance. Low maize yields have been reported to be affected by several factors in which poor quality seed with low seed and seedling vigour. Information is scarce on seed and seedling vigour in maize inbred lines developed for tropical environments. Fifteen genotypes of tropical maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines were evaluated to determine the level of differences in seed and seedling vigour traits, and extent of relationships among traits and their heritability. A substantial amount of genetic variability was found, which suggested that most of the traits under study could be improved through selection and utilized in breeding programs. Positive and significant interrelationship among seed germination and seedling traits and a positive correlation between seed germination and seed vigour and field emergence showed that these could be given due consideration in crop improvement for seed and seedling vigour. High genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance were obtained for seed germination, seed emergence, shoot length and seedling vigour index I and II, revealing the possibility of improvement in these characters through direct selection. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified seed emergence, shoot length, seedling vigour index I and II and tetrazolium vigour as characters that contributed greatly to variation in seed vigour in the maize inbred lines. Cluster analysis partitioned the genotypes into two groups, with group I consisting of seven genotypes and group II comprised the other eight genotypes, which suggested that hybridization between the two groups could lead to high level of heterosis. Genotype V5 had superior seedling vigour traits compared to other genotypes. Seedling emergence, shoot length, seedling vigour index I, seedling vigour index II and tetrazolium vigour are effective characters for good seedling vigour traits in maize inbred lines investigated.
Genetic Assessment of 23 Cassava, Manihot Esculenta Crantz, Genotypes at Two Agro-Climatic Zones in Nigeria
Authors: Oduwaye O.A. , Ojo D.K. , Mkumbira J. , Alake C.O. , Adenuga O. , Mapayi E.F.
Published: August 2014

This study investigated genetic diversity among 23 cassava genotypes in two-agro-ecological zones (Ibadan and Mokwa), Nigeria. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The cassava genotypes were evaluated for tuber yield, fresh weight of tuber, number of tubers, tuber girth and length, dry matter and chlorophyll concentration. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and differences among the genotypes were computed using Duncan’s multiple range test. Single linkage cluster and FASTCLUS analysis were used to group the cassava genotypes. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance were also evaluated. Genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) were significant (P < 0.01) for most of the traits evaluated. The magnitude of the environment was higher compared to genotype and GEI. Comparative mean performance varied from location to location. Tuber yield ranged from 0.32 for 92/0325 to 0.90 kg for 99/3073 with mean of 0.58 kg, and 0.16 kg for 82/00058 to 0.67 kg for 98/0581 with mean of 0.35 kg in Mokwa. Higher genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were observed in Ibadan than Mokwa, for most of the characters. The interrelationships among the characters revealed the superiority of some cassava genotypes for a character in one location and not in the other location. However, breeding potentials exists among the cassava genotypes across the two environments.
Effects of Nacl Stress on Seed Germination Attributes of Periwinkle (Catharanthus Roseus L.) and Corn Poppy (Papaver Rhoeas L.) Plants
Authors: Saeb H. , Khayyat M. , Zarezadeh A. , Moradinezhad F. , Samadzadeh A. , Safaee M.
Published: August 2014

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinized water with NaCl on seed germination of Periwinkle and Corn Poppy. Treatments were: A) H2O- distilled water (control); B) sodium chloride solutions (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM). Application of the highest NaCl concentration (80mM) significantly reduced germination percentage and mean germination time of both species, although increased the day of 50% germination. Increment of salinity concentration was led to the reduction of radicle length in Periwinkle. The seedling fresh weight and water content and radicle length of Corn Poppy were decreased in both levels of 20 and 80 mM, and seedling dry weight was unaffected by treatments. It is concluded that both species are tolerant to NaCl salinity up to 80 mM during germination stage.
Genetic Diversity of Common Bean Genotypes as Revealed By Seed Storage Proteins and Some Agronomic Traits
Authors: Marzooghian Akbar , Moghaddam Mohammad , Valizadeh Mostafa , Kooshki Mohammad Hasan
Published: August 2014

Evaluation of the genetic diversity present within species is essential for conservation, management and utilization of the genetic resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic variability of 70 common bean genotypes for seed storage proteins, grain morphological characteristics and agronomic traits. Two methods of extracting soluble seed proteins in salt were used.

Positive correlations were observed among both seed morphological characters and developmental characters while yield components showed negative correlations with each other. Factor analysis for agronomic and grain morphological traits resulted in three factors were named yield components, seed morphology and phenology, respectively. Most genotypes had lower or medium scores for yield components and phenology factors. Considerable diversity was observed for seed morphology factor among the common bean genotypes.

Nei’s diversity coefficient (He= 0.4), effective number of alleles (Ae= 1.69) and number of polymorphic loci (N = 17) indicated larger variation in the extraction method of soluble proteins in low salt (0.2 M NaCl) than high salt (1 M NaCl) condition. Considering that the centers of diversity for common bean are different in seed size, the result of Gst statistics showed that bands with relative mobility of 30, 32, 38 and 40 differentiated two weight groups more than other bands. Furthermore, significant differences were observed between these bands for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant.
Career overall average relative response time of online panellists
Authors: Vocino Andrea , Polonsky Michael J.
Published: August 2014

Scientific and commercial researchers around the world are relying increasingly on the responder insights obtained from online panels. However, from the researcher viewpoint, what distinguishes a good panel from a bad one is not clear and new metrics need to be developed to consider panel health. Given that online panels are composed of individuals, it is proposed that new individual-based metrics, taken across an individual's career, should also be developed. This paper proposes that each respondent's overall average relative response time (OARRT) across all surveys they have completed is one such measure, and examines how it is affected by a range of control factors. Three cohorts of panellists “ that is, ‘ongoing’, ‘unsubscribers’ and ‘three-strikers’ “ are examined. We found that the number of surveys completed and the respondent's age affected OARRT across the three cohorts, with participation in other panels affecting OARRT for unsubscribers. Gender, education and employment status did not impact OARRT for any group. The results suggest there may be a learning effect.
Gossip in social networking sites
Authors: Okazaki Shintaro , Rubio Natalia , Campo Sara
Published: August 2014

This study examines the effects of online gossip propensity in social networking sites (SNSs). We posit that online gossip propensity affects SNS identification, which in turn determines normative pressure and SNS engagement. The ultimate outcome is electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) intention. We also explore the impact of two types of SNS communication channel, i.e. handheld (mobile devices and tablets) and traditional (desktop PCs and laptops) computing devices. The data were collected from a questionnaire survey with 400 general consumers. Using a scenario approach, we asked the respondents how they would react to a special discount campaign for a popular beer brand ad posted on an SNS. Our structural equation modelling results indicate that online gossip propensity is indeed a significant driver of SNS identification. All hypothesised paths are supported, except the one from normative pressure to eWOM intention. Furthermore, SNS communication channels had a clear impact, since the latent means are greater for most of the constructs in the handheld computing device group than in the traditional computing device group.
Techniques for Fusing Survey Modules: Respondent Matching and Data Imputation
Authors: Johnson Edward Paul , Siluk Lynn , Tarraf Sarah
Published: August 2014

Survey respondents want short, applicable surveys they enjoy. In order to continue to receive good data, we need to capture respondents’ input through the means and within the capacity they are willing to provide. One way to meet the respondents’ needs is to break the traditional 20 -30 minute survey into 5-10 minute modules. These shorter modules appeal to a wider audience and work well in a mobile environment, but have large amounts of missing data which can be problematic for advanced research techniques. We examine two possible techniques to fusing the modular surveys back into a data set analysts can use to perform advanced analytics: hot-deck data imputation and respondent matching. We demonstrate how each technique works in a control experiment with a 25 minute A&U (attitude and usage) study on frozen carbonated beverages. Lastly, we discuss the implications and opportunities for future research into these fusion techniques.