bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Interventions to Support English Learners with Disabilities in High School: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bowman-Perrott Lisa , Boon Richard T. , Ewoldt Kathy B. , Burke Mack D. , Eslami Zohreh , Mirzaei Azizullah
Published: February 2025

This systematic review summarizes the reading intervention literature for English learners (ELs) with disabilities in high school. A robust and exhaustive electronic search of ERIC, PsycINFO, Education Source Ultimate, and Academic Search Ultimate databases using keywords such as “reading interventions”, “English learners”, “disabilities”, and “high school” was performed for the period from 1975 to July 2024. To be included in this review, participants had to be an EL with an identified disability enrolled in high school and receiving a reading intervention, while studies that included participants with reading difficulties were excluded. A total of 110 documents were retrieved, including 105 from the initial electronic database search, and an additional five more were found using Google Scholar. After reviewing all of the documents using a four-step process, seven studies met our inclusion criteria and are included in this systematic review. Across the reading intervention studies, key study variables were coded into two categories: (a) participant characteristics and (b) study and intervention characteristics. The findings indicated that all studies reported largely positive effects on improving students’ reading outcomes. Reading interventions included semantic mapping, repeated readings with systematic error correction and performance feedback, summarization strategies (e.g., RAP Paraphrasing Strategy, Modified GIST Strategy), and multi-component instructional packages (e.g., Clue Word Strategy, CLUES strategy, Reading Intervention for Adolescents [RIA]). It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about effective reading interventions for high school ELs with disabilities because of the limited number of studies, small sample sizes of ELs with disabilities, few disability categories represented, and lack of stand-alone reading interventions. The Discussion section summarizes the key findings, limitations to consider, implications for classroom practice, and directions for future research.
The Impact of Solar Power Plants on the Electricity Grid: A Case Study of Albania
Authors: Bardhi Astrit , Eski Ajakida , Leka Bajram , Dhoska Klodian
Published: February 2025

The demand for electricity in Albania has risen significantly in recent years, accompanied by a growing emphasis on sustainable and environmentally friendly development. As a result, the focus of electricity generation is increasingly shifting towards renewable sources, particularly solar energy. In recent years, several large-scale solar plants have been installed across the country. This research examines four different scenarios and evaluates various technical parameters related to electrical power quality to assess the effects of integrating solar plants into the power system. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the active power losses and voltage fluctuations in the electrical distribution network following the connection of solar plants through the main distribution grid. Simulations were conducted using the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software platform. The results suggest that a substantial penetration of solar energy into the grid may lead to increased losses in both active and reactive power.
Structural Properties of a Novel Modified Carbon Foam Derived from Pine Sawdust
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Ling Jianwei , Liu Shouqing , Li Xuemei , Liu Jianxiang
Published: February 2025

Biomass carbon foams are extensively utilized across various fields due to their favorable properties and cost-effectiveness. In this study, triethylene glycol (TEG), nylon 66 (PA66), and 3-glycidyl-oxypropyl-trimethoxy-silane (KH560) were incorporated into pine wood liquefaction resin to successfully prepare three novel modified carbon foams (MCFs), and their characteristics were investigated. The results indicate that the compressive strength and specific surface area of the three MCFs were significantly enhanced. Specifically, the compressive strength increased by 37%, 46%, and 89% following modification with TEG, PA66, and KH560, respectively, while the specific surface areas ranged from 383.4 to 499.3 m2/g. Additionally, the cell structures of the three MCFs exhibited greater uniformity, with larger average pore sizes, thinner ligament thicknesses, and increased opening porosities. Notably, the opening porosity of KH560-modified carbon foam (KH560-PLP-PF-CF) reached its maximum value at 87.95%. XPS analysis confirmed the successful introduction of Si-containing molecular bonds, including Si-OH-Si, Si-OH, and Si-CH, into KH560-PLP-PF-CF. Furthermore, FT-IR analysis revealed characteristic Si-O vibration peaks, PA66 amide peaks, and TEG ether bond absorption peaks in the three MCFs. The incorporation of flexible functional groups effectively enhanced their compressive properties. The findings of this study expand the potential for utilizing biomass waste to partially replace phenol in the development of novel carbon foams.
Effects of Different Earthworms on Calcium Speciation and Base Cation Release in Terra Rossa Soil: A Case Study from South China
Authors: Wu Jialong , Zhang Chi , Zhang Menghao , Deng Ting , Motelica-Heino Mikael , Zhong Hesen , Défarge Christian , Huang Yingmei , Xu Changchao , Zhang Juntao
Published: February 2025

Soil calcium is a vital component in plant growth and soil health. Earthworm activities impact metal distribution and speciation a lot by changing soil pH. Nevertheless, little is known about how ecological earthworm species, particularly in Terra Rossa soil, affect soil Ca speciation distribution. This research examined the effects of the activities of four different earthworm species (epigeic species Eisenia fetida (noted as EF), endogeic species Amynthas robustus (noted as AR) and Pontoscolex corethrurus (noted as PC), anecic species Amynthas aspergillum (noted as AA)) on Ca speciations (water-soluble (CaWs), exchangeable (CaEx), acid-soluble bound (CaAc), organic-bound (CaOr), and residual (CaRe)), soil pH, the release contents of exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, and Na), total calcium (CaTotal) contents, total nitrogen (TN) contents, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and NIRS spectral characteristics in Terra Rossa soil for 40 days under lab conditions. In contrast to control soil, 108.3%, 158.3%, 91.7%, and 125.0% of CaWs contents in casts and 116.6%, 108.3%, 58.3% and 91.6% of CaWs in uningested soil increased significantly with the inoculation of EF, PC, AR, and AA, respectively. In addition, compared with control, for casts, the contents of exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, CEC, and available-K were significantly increased in the presence of EF, PC, AR, and AA, respectively. In the casts of EF, PC, AR, and AA, soil pH values declined by 0.72, 0.80, 0.45, and 0.60 units relative to control soil, while they decreased by 0.65, 0.84, 0.34, and 0.59 units in uningested soil. The soil inoculated with PC had higher soil pH values and CaWs contents than those with the other three earthworm species. Principal component analysis revealed significant differences in soil pH, Ca speciation, NIR spectra, and exchangeable base cation release between casts and uningested soil in treatments with EF, PC, AR, and AA inoculation. These findings expand, for the first time, to the ecological functions of earthworm species, especially for PC, demonstrating a capacity to alter soil Ca speciation, decrease soil pH, affect the exchangeable base cations’ release, and participate in and regulate the geochemical circulation processes in limestone regions.
Chopped Basalt Fibers Reinforced Mortar for Strengthening the Architectural Heritage
Authors: Mercuri Micaela , Vailati Marco , Gregori Amedeo
Published: February 2025

The high seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings urgently calls for researchers to develop sustainable reinforcing methods and materials. This paper presents an innovative lime-based mortar reinforced with randomly oriented basalt fibers for the reinforcement of masonry heritage. The main aim of this study is to understand the effect of the content and the length of basalt fibers on the mortar’s mechanical behavior. As a cementitious material made mostly out of lime, the mortar is chemically compatible with the historical substrate and therefore suitable in cases of restoration works on architectural heritage. Moreover, the chopped basalt fibers are randomly oriented, and this characteristic makes the overall layer effective in all directions, as the state of stress induced by seismic action is directionally undetermined. The newly proposed reinforcement system is characterized by a twofold aspect related to sustainability: 30% of the aggregates composing the mortar mix design is a recycled result of the ruins of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake, and the chopped fibers are made out of basalt, widely known for its environmentally supportable peculiarity. The study consists of testing samples characterized by two fiber lengths and six fiber contents, along with one set of plain mortar samples. Specimens measuring 160 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm are first tested in a three-point bending (TPB) configuration, aiming to determine the flexural strength and the post-peak capacity through the calculation of the fracture energy. Then, the two broken pieces resulting from the TPB tests, each measuring 80 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm, are tested in splitting and compression, respectively, aiming to compute the tensile and compressive strengths. Finally, to provide a trend for the mortar’s mechanical properties, a regression analysis is performed by fitting the experimental data with simple linear, polynomial, and exponential regression models. Results show that: (i) both fiber content and fiber length are responsible for a linear increase of the flexural strength and the fracture energy; (ii) for both short- and long-fiber mortar samples, the tensile strength and the compressive strength parabolically increase with the fiber content; (iii) the increase in fiber content and fiber length always generates a reduction in the conglomerate workability. The fiber content (FC) optimization with respect to the mechanical properties leads to a basalt FC equal to 1.2% for long-fiber samples and an FC equal to 1.9% for short-fiber ones.
Linking Error Estimation in Fixed Item Parameter Calibration: Theory and Application in Large-Scale Assessment Studies
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: February 2025

In fixed item parameter calibration (FIPC), an item response theory (IRT) model is estimated with item parameters fixed at reference values to estimate the distribution parameters within a specific group. The presence of random differential item functioning (DIF) within this group introduces additional variability in the distribution parameter estimates, which is captured by the linking error (LE). Conventional LE estimates, based on item jackknife methods, are subject to positive bias due to sampling errors. To address this, this article introduces a bias-corrected LE estimate. Moreover, the use of statistical inference is examined using the newly proposed bias-corrected total error, which includes both the sampling error and LE. The proposed error estimates were evaluated through a simulation study, and their application is illustrated using PISA 2006 data for the reading domain.
Use of Different Inclusion Criteria to Compare COVID-19 Hospital Admission Rates by Race and Ethnicity: A Cohort Study
Authors: Longcoy Joshua , Isgor Zeynep , Suzuki Sumihiro , Lynch Elizabeth , Wang Heng , Ansell David , Johnson Tricia J.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Reports documenting racial disparities in COVID-19 hospitalization rates from electronic medical record data have used different sample selection methods. Studies including all individuals with a positive COVID-19 test may be vulnerable to misclassification bias if hospitalization status is not captured for all individuals (i.e., if they went to a non-study hospital). A few studies have used only patients who tested positive in the ED and have found different results. In this study, we explore the implications of using different sets of inclusion criteria for analyses that compare COVID-19 hospital admissions by race and ethnicity. Methods: Two separate data sets were created by applying the two different COVID-19 testing inclusion criteria to medical records data from a single academic health system. We used logistic regression to compare the odds of COVID-19 hospitalization across race and ethnicity for each data set and compared our results with previous studies. Results: We found that using all positive COVID-19 tests as the study sample resulted in higher odds of hospitalization for Black and Hispanic patients relative to White patients. In contrast, using only patients who tested positive in the ED resulted in higher odds of hospitalization for White patients. These findings matched the findings of other studies. Conclusions: Patient inclusion criteria should be considered carefully when comparing results from studies of COVID-19 hospitalization.
Measurement and Evaluation of Health, Functional Capacity, Physical Fitness, and Daily Habits of Greek Female Healthcare Professionals Working in a Hospital Environment
Authors: Chasandra Anastasia , Karatrantou Konstantina , Papazeti Kyriaki , Melissopoulou Anastasia , Batatolis Christos , Mourounoglou Maria , Sioupi Rafaela-Varvara , Gerodimos Vassilis
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The wellness profile of healthcare professionals is of crucial importance since it can affect the quality of healthcare services. This study created a comprehensive profile of health, functional capacity, physical fitness, and lifestyle behaviours in hospital healthcare professionals. Methods: A hundred female (age: 45.53 ± 2 yrs) professionals underwent assessments of their health (respiratory function/blood pressure/body circumference/body fat/body mass index/musculoskeletal pains), functional capacity (flexibility/balance), physical fitness (strength/aerobic capacity), and daily habits (smoking/alcohol/caffeinated beverages/screen time/physical activity). Results: According to data analysis (descriptive statistics, paired t-tests to analyze possible differences between the right and left sides), (a) 39% of the participants were overweight and 28% obese, (b) 40–44% of the participants showed higher values than normal in waist circumference and systolic blood pressure, and (c) 96% of the participants showed musculoskeletal pains. Functional capacity and physical fitness demonstrated significant differences in balance and flexibility (p < 0.05) between sides (right/left) and low levels of strength and dynamic balance-agility. Moreover, 67% of the sample did not participate in physical activities, while a significant percentage showed increased screen time on weekdays (44%) and weekends (61%). Finally, 36% of the sample smoked, 62% consumed alcohol, and 92% consumed caffeinated beverages (the majority were within permissible limits). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into the wellness profile of healthcare professionals to ensure optimal care for this population.
Shifting Compasses: A Qualitative Study of Lived Experiences Driving Perioperative Nurses to Leave the Profession Post COVID-19
Authors: Sillero Sillero Amalia , Gil Poisa Maria , Ayuso Margañon Sonia , Marques-Sule Elena , Ayuso Margañon Raquel
Published: February 2025

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, perioperative nurses faced extraordinary demands in frontline roles, leading many to leave their positions. This study investigates the factors influencing their decisions to resign or change roles during or after the pandemic, providing insights into systemic, ethical, and emotional contributors to professional attrition. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at a university hospital in Spain between December 2021 and March 2022. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze the lived experiences of perioperative nurses who worked during the pandemic and subsequently resigned or changed role. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Atlas.ti (version 22). Ethical issues such as informed consent and participants confidentiality were upheld. Results: Eighteen perioperative nurses participated. Four themes emerged: (1) balancing professional duty and personal limits, (2) the role of workplace culture (emphasizing peer support and managerial neglect), (3) resilience and moral conflict, and (4) the emotional cost of caring. Conclusions: Attrition among perioperative nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was driven by physical and emotional exhaustion, lack of managerial support, ethical dilemmas, and emotional trauma. Healthcare organizations should implement strategies such as strengthening leadership, providing mental health resources, and creating a supportive work culture to improve staff retention and ensure workforce sustainability in future crises. The clinical implications highlight the need for specific interventions to support the emotional and professional well-being of perioperative nurses, ensuring high quality care and continuity of health services.
Flowering Responses to Vernalization and Photoperiod in Minuartia laricina (L.) Mattf., a Perennial Herb in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Dong Gyu , Park Suejin , Kim Chae Won , Kim Jae Hui , Lee Seung Youn
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the flowering physiology of Minuartia laricina (L.) Mattf. to provide fundamental information for the development of flowering control techniques. A phenology test was conducted in an open field, where M. laricina overwintered from December to February. Flower buds began to form in late March as temperatures and photoperiods increased. Flowering started in late April and continued until mid-June, with seeds maturing in capsule-shaped fruits by mid-August. In a greenhouse experiment, M. laricina was subjected to cold treatments at 5 °C for 0, 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks, followed by photoperiod treatments of 9/15, 11/13, 13/11, 16/8, 24/0 h day/night photoperiod, or night interruption (9 h + 4 h). Plant growth and flowering were measured during the photoperiod treatments. The results showed 100% flowering with 8 weeks of cold treatment and under 16 h or longer photoperiod conditions. However, without cold treatments flowering was not observed across all photoperiods. These findings align with outdoor conditions, where M. laricina flowers experience a cold winter and under long photoperiods. Thus, M. laricina is classified as an obligate vernalization and long-day plant, requiring at least eight weeks of cold and a 16/8 h photoperiod to flower.
Predictors of Academic Adjustment Among International Students in Rural Southern USA
Authors: Al Juboori Ruaa , Barker Dylan , Kim Yi Jin
Published: February 2025

Academic adaptation is crucial for the success and well-being of international students, especially in rural areas where cultural and social support resources may be limited. This study aimed to identify predictors of academic adaptation among international students in the rural southern United States, focusing on social support, cultural integration, alcohol use, and acculturative stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 141 international students from two universities: the University of Mississippi/Oxford campus and the University of Alabama. Data were collected through a web-based survey using validated scales to measure cultural integration, acculturative stress, social support, alcohol use, and academic adaptation. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of academic adaptation. The sample consisted of 54.6% male and 45.4% female students, with a mean age of 29.4 years. The majority were graduate students (89.4%), with the majority being funded by graduate teaching or research assistantships (78.7%). Correlation analyses showed that social support was positively correlated with academic adaptation (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). Also, cultural integration was positively corelated with academic adaptation (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). However, acculturative stress was negatively correlated with academic adaptation (r = −0.20, p < 0.05). The fully adjusted regression analyses identified social support as a positive predictor of academic adaptation among international students in rural U.S. universities. The model demonstrated that each unit increase in the social support score was associated with a 0.61 increase in the academic adaptation score (95% CI [0.44, 0.79], p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for tailored support programs addressing the unique challenges faced by this population to enhance their academic success and overall well-being.
Risk Factors for Fall-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review Highlighting Research Gaps
Authors: Okrah Albert K. , Tharrington Shafer , Shin Isaac , Wagoner Aaron , Woodsmall Katelyn S. , Jehu Deborah A.
Published: February 2025

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly undiagnosed, delaying treatment and recovery. Approximately 80% of mTBIs in older adults stem from falls, yet the predictive factors remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to examine the risk factors for fall-related mTBIs among older adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol and the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed (Prospero ID: CRD42023377847). The scope included prospective studies analyzing the risk factors for fall-related mTBIs in adults ≥ 60 years. The primary outcome measure was the relative risk for fall-related mTBIs, and the secondary outcomes were fall rate, total falls, and faller/non-faller count among those with and without an mTBI. CINAHL Plus, Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition, Nursing and Allied Health Database, Medline via PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched on 4 November 2022 and 31 May 2024. Additional electronic searches were conducted. Two authors planned to screen the articles and assess the quality and risk of bias, with a third author adjudicating disagreements. Results were to be presented in a narrative synthesis. The database search yielded 434 records; 410 titles and abstracts were screened after deduplication, and 71 reports underwent a full-text review. No prospective observational studies were eligible because they did not fulfil the following: (1) focus on an mTBI (46 records); (2) exclusively assess individuals aged ≥60 (20 records); or (3) examine falls (5 records). Given the devastating consequences of fall-related mTBIs among older adults, there is an urgent need to identify the risk factors to improve screening and intervention.
Perceived Impacts of Climate Change in Pastoralist Regions of Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study Applying the Concept of One Health
Authors: Tamire Mulugeta , Mor Siobhan M. , Baylis Matthew , Kaba Mirgissa
Published: February 2025

Ethiopia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with the increasing geographic extent, intensity, and frequency of drought. This study aimed to examine how pastoralist communities understand climate change and its impacts. We conducted a qualitative study among pastoral communities in Ethiopia using focus group discussions with community representatives and key informant interviews with human and animal health and agriculture experts. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Participants viewed deforestation and population growth as the main causes of climate change. They found that climate change caused high temperatures, a shortage of rainfall, and drought. These changes affected the environment, food security, and animal health, impacting their livelihoods, health, and social systems. Coping strategies included engaging in new economic activities, environmental recovery attempts, migration, and seeking food aid for survival. They suggested providing food aid, improving access to human and animal health care, and implementing early warning systems at the community level. The pastoralists perceived that climate change destroyed the natural environment, increased food insecurity, and negatively affected social systems and health. Collaborative actions are needed to mitigate these effects, initiate local environmental adaptation mechanisms, enhance water and food security, and improve animal and human health services.
Progress in the Preparation and Applications of Microcapsules for Protective Coatings Against Corrosion
Authors: Liu Shupei , Li Jiajun , Zhang Yanchi , Zhang Xinfang , Ding Yao , Zhang Wenrui , Rao Jinsong , Zhang Yuxin
Published: February 2025

The annual economic loss caused by corrosion accounts for about 2%~4% of GDP, which exceeds the sum of losses caused by fires, floods, droughts, typhoons, and other disasters. Coating is one of the most effective methods to delay metal corrosion. With the development of technology and the intersection of disciplines, functional microcapsules have been applied to anticorrosive coatings, but microcapsules are still being updated. To understand the application progress of microcapsules in anticorrosive coatings, the future development trend of microcapsules is analyzed. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, functional characteristics, and development trends of organic, inorganic, and organic–inorganic hybrid microcapsules are described, respectively, from the perspective of material and molecular characteristics. Simultaneously, the influence of microcapsules of different materials on the properties of organic coatings is proved by examples. In addition, the research status and future development trends of microcapsule composite coating are introduced in detail. Finally, the great advantages of organic–inorganic hybrid microcapsules modified by functional materials based on natural inorganic materials in improving the utilization efficiency of loaded active substances and prolonging the life of coatings are foreseen.
Bioactivity Assessment of Functionalized TiO2 Powder with Dihydroquercetin
Authors: Nikšić Valentina , Pirković Andrea , Spremo-Potparević Biljana , Živković Lada , Topalović Dijana , Nedeljković Jovan M. , Lazić Vesna
Published: February 2025

Biological activities, including cell viability, oxidative stress, genotoxicity/antigenotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity, were evaluated for a visible-light-responsive TiO2-based ICT complex with dihydroquercetin (DHQ) and compared with pristine TiO2, its inorganic component. Pristine TiO2 did not induce cytotoxicity in MRC-5 or HeLa cells within the tested concentration range (1–20 mg/mL), while TiO2/DHQ displayed a significant reduction in cell viability in both cell lines at higher concentrations (≥10 mg/mL). The analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production revealed that TiO2/DHQ significantly reduced ROS levels in both cell types (MRC-5 and HeLa), with HeLa cells showing a more substantial reduction at lower concentrations. Genotoxicity assessment using the comet assay demonstrated that TiO2 induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, while TiO2/DHQ did not, indicating that DHQ mitigates the genotoxic potential of TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2/DHQ exhibited antigenotoxic effects by reducing H2O2-induced DNA damage in MRC-5 cells, supporting its protective role against oxidative stress. Preliminary antimicrobial tests revealed that TiO2/DHQ exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli under visible-light excitation, while TiO2 does not. These findings suggest that the TiO2-based ICT complex with DHQ with enhanced antioxidant properties can potentially serve as a safe, non-toxic biocide agent.
The Factors Associated with the Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Grygorczuk Sambor , Czupryna Piotr , Martonik Diana , Adamczuk Justyna , Parfieniuk-Kowerda Anna , Grzeszczuk Anna , Pawlak-Zalewska Wioletta , Dunaj-Małyszko Justyna , Mielczak Kaja , Parczewski Miłosz , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Published: February 2025

The pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) pathology in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) remains unclear. We attempted to identify mediators of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in human TBE in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 100 TBE patients. CSF albumin quotient (Qalb) was calculated as a measure of BBB impairment. Concentrations of cytokines, cytokine antagonists, adhesion molecules, selectins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were measured with a multiplex bead assay. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes MIF, TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, IL-10, TLR3 and TLR4 were studied in patient blood DNA extracts and analyzed for associations with Qalb and/or cytokine concentrations. The multivariate regression models of Qalb were built with the soluble mediators as independent variables. The best models obtained included L-selectin, P-selectin, sVCAM, MMP7, MMP8 (or MMP9) and IL-28A as positive and IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-6Rα/IL-6 ratio and TNF-RII/TNFα ratio as negative correlates of Qalb. The genotype did not associate with Qalb, but polymorphism rs4149570 (in TNFRSF1A) associated with TNFα and rs1800629 (TNF) with MIF concentration. We confirm the association of the TNFα-dependent response, L-selectin and MMP8/MMP9 with BBB disruption and identify its novel correlates (IL-12, IL-15, IL-28A, MMP7). We detect no genotype associations with BBB function in TBE.
Evaluation of the Potency of Repurposed Antiretrovirals in HBV Therapy: A Narrative Investigation of the Traditional Medicine Alternatives
Authors: Ugbaja Samuel Chima , Mokoena Ata Thabo , Mushebenge Aganze Gloire-Aimé , Kumalo Hezekiel M. , Ngcobo Mlungisi , Gqaleni Nceba
Published: February 2025

Hepatitis B is one of the killer communicable diseases, with a global estimation of 1.1 million deaths resulting from liver diseases annually. The search for HBV therapeutics has resulted in repurposing the existing antiretrovirals (ARVs) for HBV treatment, considering their shared common replication mechanisms. This review is aimed at evaluating the potencies of some of the repurposed ARVs used for HBV treatment, analyzing the common mechanisms of viral replications in HBV and HIV, and investigating the potentials of traditional medicines as an alternative treatment for HBV patients. The topical keywords drug repurposing, drug repositioning, antiretrovirals, hepatitis B treatment, HBV, natural products, traditional medicines, title, and abstract were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The advanced search included the five years, 2019–2024. The search result was filtered from 377 to 110 relevant articles. The evaluation reveals that CD4+ T cells are targeted by HIV, while HBV targets the liver with its associated diseases (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)). Furthermore, treatments with the available repurposed ARVs only prevent or slow down the progression to cirrhosis, reduce the HCC incidence, and can improve the quality of life and increase life expectancy; however, they are not curative for HBV. Traditional medicines/natural product extracts or their phytochemicals exert anti-HBV effects through different mechanisms. Traditional medicines exert improved therapeutic effects when combined properly. The investigation further reveals that consideration of an in silico approach in HBV therapeutics might not only streamline drug development but also contribute to a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. Therefore, we recommend the integration of computational drug design methods with traditional medicine and natural product screening for discovering new bioactive HBV drug candidates
Deferasirox Targets TAOK1 to Induce p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Boyang , Liu Shihui , Zhou Xiaowan , Hou Dongpu , Jia Huajie , Tang Rude , Zhang Yunqing , Song Mengqiu
Published: February 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited effective treatment options. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Deferasirox (DFO), an iron chelator, in ESCC by targeting TAOK1, an STE20-type kinase implicated in cancer development. We demonstrate that DFO significantly inhibits the proliferation and colony formation of ESCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistic investigations reveal that DFO binds directly to TAOK1 and reduces its kinase activity. Proteomics and phosphorylated proteomic sequencing analysis further reveal that TAOK1 knocking down dramatically increased p53-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, the inhibition of TAOK1 by DFO or lenti-virus infection induces apoptosis in ESCC cells, as evidenced by the increased expression of p53, p-p53 (S15), p-p53 (S46), Puma, Noxa, and Bax, and the decreased expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, in vivo studies using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models show that DFO treatment significantly reduces tumor volume without observable toxicity. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirm the down-regulation of TAOK1 and Ki-67, and the up-regulation of p53 expression in DFO-treated tumors. Our findings suggest that DFO exerts its antitumor effects in ESCC by targeting TAOK1, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients.
Clustering and Vectorizing Acoustic Emission Events of Large Infrastructures’ Normal Operation
Authors: Tsenis Theocharis , Kappatos Vassilios
Published: February 2025

The detection of acoustic emission events from various failing mechanisms, such as plastic deformations, is a critical element in the monitoring and timely detection of structural failures in infrastructures. This study focuses on the detection of such failures in metal gates at rivers’ lifting dams aiming to increase the reliability of river transport compared to the current situation, thereby, increasing the resilience of transport corridors. During our study, we used lifting dams in both France and Italy where river transport is thriving. A methodology was developed, processing corresponding acoustic emission recordings originating from lifting dams’ metal gates, using advanced denoising—preprocessing, various decompositions, and spectral embeddings associated with various latest nonlinear processing clustering techniques—thus providing a detailed cluster label morphology and profile of water gates’ normal operating area. Latest machine learning outlier detection algorithms, like One-Class Support Vector Machine, Variational Auto-Encoder, and others, were incorporated, producing a vector of confidence on upcoming out-of-the-normal gate operation and failure prediction, achieving detection contrast enhancement on out-of-the-normal operation points up to 400%.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Metal Oxides and Carbons
Authors: Gao Lili , Liu Fuyuan , Qi Jiaxing , Gao Wenyue , Xu Guobao
Published: February 2025

Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) are a novel type of supercapacitor composed of battery-type electrodes and capacitor-type electrodes, which have directly transformed the global energy landscape. On one hand, they can replace clean energy sources that are heavily dependent on climatic conditions in specific regions, thereby enhancing the effective utilization of intermittent energy sources. On the other hand, with their high energy density akin to secondary batteries and the long lifespan and high power density characteristic of supercapacitors, they perfectly bridge the gap between secondary batteries and supercapacitors. This article reviews the fundamental energy storage principles of HSCs and highlights the latest optimization strategies for HSCs based on transition metal oxides (TMOs) and carbon over the past two years. These strategies include heteroatom doping, heterostructured materials, nanocomposites, and metal–organic frameworks (MOF). Finally, prospects on future research directions of HSCs are discussed.
Predicting Mortality in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Using Big Data and Machine Learning: A Nationwide Study in Türkiye
Authors: Khaniyev Taghi , Cekic Efecan , Gecici Neslihan Nisa , Can Sinem , Ata Naim , Ulgu Mustafa Mahir , Birinci Suayip , Isikay Ahmet Ilkay , Bakir Abdurrahman , Arat Anil , Hanalioglu Sahin
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, necessitating prognostic algorithms to guide decisions. Our study evaluates the use of machine learning (ML) models for predicting 1-month and 1-year mortality among SAH patients using national electronic health records (EHR) system. Methods: Retrospective cohort of 29,274 SAH patients, identified through national EHR system from January 2017 to December 2022, was analyzed, with mortality data obtained from central civil registration system in Türkiye. Variables included (n = 102) pre- (n = 65) and post-admission (n = 37) data, such as patient demographics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, laboratory results, and complications. We employed logistic regression (LR), decision trees (DTs), random forests (RFs), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), average precision, and accuracy. Feature significance analysis was conducted using LR. Results: The average age was 56.23 ± 16.45 years (47.8% female). The overall mortality rate was 22.8% at 1 month and 33.3% at 1 year. One-month mortality increased from 20.9% to 24.57% (p < 0.001), and 1-year mortality rose from 30.85% to 35.55% (p < 0.001) in the post-COVID period compared to the pre-COVID period. For 1-month mortality prediction, the ANN, LR, RF, and DT models achieved AUCs of 0.946, 0.942, 0.931, and 0.916, with accuracies of 0.905, 0.901, 0.893, and 0.885, respectively. For 1-year mortality, the AUCs were 0.941, 0.927, 0.926, and 0.907, with accuracies of 0.884, 0.875, 0.861, and 0.851, respectively. Key predictors of mortality included age, cardiopulmonary arrest, abnormal laboratory results (such as abnormal glucose and lactate levels) at presentation, and pre-existing comorbidities. Incorporating post-admission features (n = 37) alongside pre-admission features (n = 65) improved model performance for both 1-month and 1-year mortality predictions, with average AUC improvements of 0.093 ± 0.011 and 0.089 ± 0.012, respectively. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of ML models in predicting mortality in SAH patients using big data. LR models’ robustness, interpretability, and feature significance analysis validate its importance. Including post-admission data significantly improved all models’ performances. Our results demonstrate the utility of big data analytics in population-level health outcomes studies.
The Role of Clinicopathological Features in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitory Duration in EGFR Mutant Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dogan Ender , Firat Sedat Tarik , Cengiz Muhammet , Bozkurt Oktay , Inanc Mevlude , Ozkan Metin
Published: February 2025

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective treatments for EGFR mutant (EGFRm) metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). However, the benefit of EGFR-TKIs varies. We aimed to determine the impact of clinicopathological features on the duration of response to EGFR-TKIs in EGFRm mNSCLC. Method: Patients diagnosed with EGFRm mNSCLC who underwent EGFR-TKI therapy were retrospectively reviewed. Cox regression analyses were employed to determine the association between the PFS rates of EGFR-TKI treatments and the clinicopathological variables. Results: We included 83 patients in this study. The univariate analysis revealed that male gender, de novo metastatic disease, adrenal metastasis, and the absence of intrathoracic metastasis were significantly associated with poor PFS rates. The multivariate analyses revealed that male gender and adrenal metastasis were correlated with poor PFS rates. Conclusions: Male gender, de novo metastatic disease, adrenal metastasis, and the absence of intrathoracic metastasis negatively impact EGFR-TKI response in patients with EGFRm NSCLC.
Remote Monitoring of Cardiac Devices and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Structural Heart Diseases: Rationale and Design of the ReVe Study
Authors: Hwang You-Mi , Jang Sung-Won
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Whether remote monitoring reduces mortality in patients with heart failure remains controversial, and research on remote monitoring in South Korea is generally lacking. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remote monitoring for patients in South Korea with severe structural heart diseases who have an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator or cardiac resynchronisation therapy pacemaker/defibrillator. Methods: This ReVe study is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study in which we will comprehensively evaluate the impact of remote monitoring on cardiovascular-related death and hospital admissions related to pre-existing cardiovascular disease (primary outcomes) and satisfaction with and cost of remote monitoring and the healthcare provider workload (secondary outcomes). Two patient groups are being recruited: (1) Patients in the historical group (n = 225) already had a cardiac implantable electronic device implanted after January 2020 and have attended outpatient device check-ups. (2) Those in the initiating group (planned n = 225) will undergo cardiac implantable electronic device implantation during this study. In-office visits are scheduled for every 3–6 months. The time/medical cost efficiency and satisfaction index will be evaluated during the 24-month follow-up period. Questionnaires regarding patient satisfaction will be administered every 6 months. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study involving patients with structural heart diseases who have implanted high-power cardiac electronic devices. It will provide insights into remote monitoring applications in South Korea and evidence for their use in such patients. It will also provide evidence of the efficacy, safety, and satisfaction with remote monitoring in this population.
Is There a Role for Urodynamic Investigation in the Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Authors: Rosato Eleonora , Vacca Lorenzo , Lombisani Andrea , Campagna Giuseppe , Orecchia Luca , Bianchi Daniele , Cavaleri Yuri , Serati Maurizio , Finazzi Agrò Enrico
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The role of urodynamic study (UDS) in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and concurrent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) remains controversial. Although LUTS alone often fail to yield an accurate diagnosis, routine UDS is debated due to its invasiveness, cost, patient discomfort, and risk of urinary tract infections. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the utility of UDS in the pre- and postoperative management of POP, focusing on its role in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for detrusor overactivity (DO), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DU), and SUI. Methods: An extensive search of the available medical literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify relevant studies published up to December 2024. The search combined keywords and MeSH terms related to pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urodynamic studies (UDS), overactive bladder, detrusor overactivity, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DU), preoperative assessment, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) detection with UDS can aid in planning concurrent anti-incontinence procedures, while preoperative assessment of DO or DU helps predict postoperative complications like urinary retention or overactive bladder symptoms. Conclusions: Despite its diagnostic advantages, evidence on UDS parameters and surgical outcomes remains inconsistent. The most important societies’ guidelines promote the use of UDS in selected cases, highlighting the need for individualised assessments to optimise patient counselling and management strategies.
Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonism Inhibits Colorectal and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bandini Arianna , Banchi Marta , Orlandi Paola , Vaglini Francesca , Alì Greta , Fontanini Gabriella , Ottani Alessandra , Giuliani Daniela , Vandini Eleonora , Francia Giulio , Carli Marco , Scarselli Marco , Bocci Guido
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives MC4R expression and its role in colorectal and anaplastic thyroid cancers, where resistance to therapy and lack of standard treatments remain significant challenges, are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate MC4R as a potential therapeutic target in these cancers using the selective antagonist ML00253764 (ML), alone and in combination with vinorelbine (VNR) and irinotecan (or its active metabolite SN-38). Methods: Human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29, Caco-2, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma 8305C cell lines were used. MC4R expression was assessed by Real-Time PCR with validated primers (Assay ID Hs00271877_s1), immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were conducted with ML, and synergy with VNR and SN-38 was evaluated by Combination Index and Loewe methods. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was measured using an ELISA assay. In vivo studies were conducted by injecting tumor cells into Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu mice, treated with ML, VNR, irinotecan, or their combinations. Results: MC4R expression was confirmed in all cell lines. ML treatment inhibited MC4R, producing antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, with IC50 values of 7667 ± 2144.6 nM (8305C), 806.4 ± 321.8 nM (HT-29), and 2993 ± 1135.2 nM (Caco-2). In combination with VNR and SN-38, ML exhibited significant synergy in vitro and reduced tumor volume in vivo without causing weight loss or adverse effects in mice. Conclusions This study identifies ML as a promising therapeutic agent that, when combined with chemotherapy, may offer a novel strategy for treating colorectal and anaplastic thyroid cancers.
Change in Tinnitus Severity After an Online Self-Paced Tinnitus Course: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Acute and Chronic Tinnitus Patients
Authors: van der Wal Annemarie , Lobbezoo Frank , van Gorkum Roel , Su Naichuan , Korfage Hans
Published: February 2025

Background: Tinnitus can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. As no evidence-based curative treatments exist, therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness-based interventions aim to minimize tinnitus severity and have been shown effective. Since traditional delivery can be costly and time-consuming and often has limited accessibility, therapies might also be provided via eHealth. This study investigates the change in tinnitus severity measured by the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) score after participation in an online self-paced tinnitus (“Still Tinnitus”) course. The secondary aim was to identify predictors for the clinically relevant improvement after participation in this course. Methods: This retrospective record study included patients from Still Tinnitus course between March 2023 and July 2024. Patients were recruited via the Still Tinnitus website. Differences in the TFI scores from baseline and after completing the fifth (last) module of the course were calculated to investigate the change in tinnitus over time. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to identify the possible predictors for the clinically relevant improvement after completion of the Still Tinnitus course. Results: In total, 122 patients were included in the study. The analysis revealed a clinically relevant reduction in the TFI score of 27.2 points. Multiple regression analyses showed that the “duration of the tinnitus” (OR 5.0; 95%CI: 1.537–16.240; p = 0.007) and “female sex” (OR 1.9; 95%CI 0.111–7.637; p = 0.030) are predictors for a clinically relevant improvement. Conclusions: In a convenience sample of tinnitus patients, the Still Tinnitus course may contribute to a clinically relevant reduction in tinnitus severity. A shorter duration of tinnitus and female sex were identified as significant predictors.