bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new ‘turn-on’ and reversible fluorescent sensor for Al3+ detection and live cell imaging
Authors: Wang JianHua , Feng LiHen , Chao JianBin , Wang Yu , Shuang ShaoMin
Published: October 2019

Herein, we report a new benzothiazole-based azomethine receptor L as a reversible fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of Al3+ in buffered aqueous methanol (20 mM HEPES, pH = 6.0, 50% (v/v) CH3OH).
Integrated wax valve for robust fluid control in an electrochemical fabric-based device
Authors: Downs Corey , Nejely Arianna , Fu Elain
Published: October 2019

We present a wax-based valve as a novel approach for fluid control in fabric-based microfluidic devices.
Intracellular target delivery of cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated dodecaborate for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)
Authors: Nakase Ikuhiko , Katayama Miku , Hattori Yoshihide , Ishimura Miki , Inaura Shunsuke , Fujiwara Daisuke , Takatani-Nakase Tomoka , Fujii Ikuo , Futaki Shiroh , Kirihata Mitsunori
Published: October 2019

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) technology using cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for enhanced cellular uptake of boron compounds and their controlled localization inside cells.
Construction of benzofuranone library via a metal-free, one-pot intermolecular condensation, and their application as efficient estrogen receptor β modulators
Authors: Peng Xueke , Hu Zhiye , Zhang Jing , Ning Wentao , Zhang Silong , Dong Chune , Shi Xiaodong , Zhou Hai-Bing
Published: October 2019

Facile synthesis of benzofuranones as efficient estrogen receptor β modulators was achieved through a metal-free, one-pot intermolecular condensation between α-hydroxy aryl ketones and resorcinol derivatives.
Probing protein–protein and protein–substrate interactions in the dynamic membrane-associated ternary complex of cytochromes P450, b5, and reductase
Authors: Gentry Katherine A. , Anantharamaiah G. M. , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy
Published: October 2019

Cytochrome P450 (cytP450) interacts with two redox partners, cytP450 reductase and cytochrome-b5, to metabolize substrates.
Chromenopyrazole-based bipolar host materials for solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs exhibiting high efficiency and low roll-off
Authors: Godumala Mallesham , Yoon Jiwon , Lee Chiho , Jeong Ji-Eun , Park Sungnam , Woo Han Young , Cho Min Ju , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: October 2019

With chromenopyrazole as an electron-acceptor core, two new bipolar host materials (DCzCP and TCzCP) exhibited high performance and low roll-off in solution-processable TADF-OLEDs.
High-efficiency electrocatalyst for N2 conversion to NH3 based on Au nanoparticles loaded on defective WO3−x
Authors: Li Youzeng , Yan Pengfei , Chen Jun , Ren Yumei , Zhou Yannan , Ge Tianpei , Chen Jun , Xu Qun
Published: October 2019

Au/WO3−x achieve a large NH3 yield of 23.15 μg h−1 mg−1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 14.72%. DFT indicate that the electron transfer between Au nanoparticles and defective WO3−x promotes the activation of N2 molecules effectively.
Palladium-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of allenyl carbinol acetates with C,N-cyclic azomethine imines
Authors: Mao Biming , Zhang Junya , Xu Yi , Yan Zhengyang , Wang Wei , Wu Yongjun , Sun Changqing , Zheng Bing , Guo Hongchao
Published: October 2019

Palladium-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of allenic esters with azomethine imines affording biologically interesting tetrahydropyrazoloisoquinoline derivatives.
Dye-sensitized LaFeO3 photocathode for solar-driven H2 generation
Authors: Li Fusheng , Xu Rui , Nie Chengming , Wu Xiujuan , Zhang Peili , Duan Lele , Sun Licheng
Published: October 2019

A mesoporous visible-light-absorbing LaFeO3 semiconductor adsorbed an organic dye and a molecular catalyst on its surface for solar-driven H2 generation.
Effects of vanadium pentoxide with different crystallinities on lithium ion storage performance
Authors: Yu Lü-Qiang , Zhao Shi-Xi , Wu Xia , Wu Qi-Long , Li Jing-Wei , Zhao En-Lai
Published: October 2019

V2O5 anode materials with low crystallinity release better electrochemical performance than that of V2O5 with high crystallinity.
Species selective charge transfer dynamics in a P3HT/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction: fluorescence lifetime microscopy and core hole clock spectroscopy approaches
Authors: Garcia-Basabe Yunier , Parra Gustavo G. , Barioni Marina B. , Mendoza Cesar D. , Vicentin Flavio C. , G. Larrudé Dunieskys
Published: October 2019

The π* (C–C) electronic state of the P3HT species is the main pathway for interfacial ultrafast CT in a P3HT/MoS2/SiO2 heterojunction.
Magnesium oxide clusters as promising candidates for hydrogen storage
Authors: Mojica-Sánchez Juan Pablo , Zarate-López Tania Isabel , Flores-Álvarez José Manuel , Reyes-Gómez Juan , Pineda-Urbina Kayim , Gómez-Sandoval Zeferino
Published: October 2019

A magnesium oxide candidate for hydrogen storage is identified through Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics.
Perigestational high folic acid: impact on offspring's peripheral metabolic response
Authors: Tojal Ana , Neves Catarina , Veiga Hugo , Ferreira Sílvia , Rodrigues Ilda , Martel Fátima , Calhau Conceição , Negrão Rita , Keating Elisa
Published: October 2019

Perigestational excess folic acid programmed offspring to increased weight gain, but also to adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with Lpl upregulation, and to hyperglycemia, possibly due to VAT and skeletal muscle Glut4 downregulation.
Production of 3-hydroxypropionate using a novel malonyl-CoA-mediated biosynthetic pathway in genetically engineeredE. colistrain
Authors: Liang Bo , Sun Guannan , Wang Zhaobao , Xiao Jian , Yang Jianming
Published: October 2019

To biosynthesize 3-HP directly from malonate, a novel malonyl-CoA-mediated biosynthetic pathway was successfully developed.
Molecular design and shear stability correlations of dendritic polymethacrylates
Authors: Cosimbescu Lelia , Malhotra Deepika , Campbell Kristen B. , Swita Marie S. , Kennedy Zachary C.
Published: October 2019

Effect of number of arms of dendritic methacrylates on rheology and shear stability of polymer solutions.
A comprehensive study on the effects of gamma radiation on the physical properties of a two-dimensional WS2monolayer semiconductor
Authors: Felix Jorlandio Francisco , da Silva Arlon Fernandes , da Silva Sebastião Willam , Qu Fanyao , Qiu Bin , Ren Junfeng , de Azevedo Walter Mendes , Henini Mohamed , Huang Chung-Che
Published: October 2019

This article reports the effects of gamma radiation on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) grown by a scalable van der Waals epitaxial (VdWE) process on a SiO2coated Si substrate.
A nitrogen and phosphorus enriched pyridine bridged inorganic–organic hybrid material for supercapacitor application
Authors: Dhiman Nisha , Mohanty Paritosh
Published: October 2019

A heteroatom-enriched hybrid material, HPHM, has been synthesized and it was used to demonstrate the role of mass loading in supercapacitor performance.
Efficient encapsulation of theranostic nanoparticles in cell-derived exosomes: leveraging the exosomal biogenesis pathway to obtain hollow gold nanoparticle-hybrids
Authors: Sancho-Albero María , Encabo-Berzosa Maria del Mar , Beltrán-Visiedo Manuel , Fernández-Messina Lola , Sebastián Víctor , Sánchez-Madrid Francisco , Arruebo Manuel , Santamaría Jesús , Martín-Duque Pilar
Published: October 2019

Techniques tested for encapsulation of large gold theragnostic nanoparticles in cell-derived exosomes.
Nanoscale plasmonic TM-pass polarizer integrated on silicon photonics
Authors: Wang Binbin , Blaize Sylvain , Salas-Montiel Rafael
Published: October 2019

We experimentally demonstrate a nanoscale TM-pass polarizer based on TE-polarized plasmonic absorption using a periodic metal nanoparticle chain integrated on a silicon waveguide.
Celebrating 10 years of Nanoscale
Authors: Niederberger Markus , Stellacci Francesco , Bai Chunli , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: October 2019

Celebrating 10 years of Nanoscale.
A rate equation model for the energy transfer mechanism of a novel multi-color-emissive phosphor, Ca1.624Sr0.376Si5O3N6:Eu2+
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Singh Satendra Pal , Kim Minseuk , Pyo Myoungho , Park Woon Bae , Sohn Kee-Sun
Published: October 2019

A novel multi-color-emissive phosphor (Ca1.624Sr0.376Si5O3N6:Eu2+) and a rate equation model to elucidate the mechanism of energy-transfer leading to broadband emission.
Asymmetric organocatalyzed reaction sequence of 2-hydroxy cinnamaldehydes and acyclic N-sulfonyl ketimines to construct diverse chiral bridged polycyclic aminals
Authors: Chen Ying-Han , Lv Xue-Jiao , You Zhi-Hao , Liu Yan-Kai
Published: October 2019

2-Hydroxy cinnamaldehydes and acyclic N-sulfonyl ketimines were used as multisite substrates in an iminium catalysis triggered sequential process, leading to diverse chiral bridged polycyclic aminals in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner.
An evaluation on the extraction capability of anion exchange membranes for high-precision sulfur isotope measurement by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Liu Willow , Liu Chenhui , Yang Tao
Published: October 2019

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are adept at extracting sulfate for sulfur isotope analyses by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) from natural samples typically with low sulfate concentrations.
Substituent effects on the stability of the four most stable tautomers of adenine and purine
Authors: Szatylowicz Halina , Jezuita Anna , Marek Paulina H. , Krygowski Tadeusz M.
Published: October 2019

Substituent effects at the C2-, C8- and N-positions of adenine and purine in their four the most stable tautomers are examined using substituents of varying electronic properties: NO2, CN, CHO, Cl, F, H, Me, OMe, OH and NH2.
Properties and degradation of castor oil-based fluoridated biopolyurethanes with different lengths of fluorinated segments
Authors: Li Jia-Wun , Cheng Yung-Hsin , Lee Hsun-Tsing , Tsen Wen-Chin , Chiu Chih-Wei , Suen Maw-Cherng
Published: October 2019

To develop a durable, biodegradable polymer, this study successfully synthesized a castor-oil-based prepolymer by using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as a hard segment, polycaprolactone as a soft segment, and castor oil as a functional monomer.
Neuroprotective effects of myristargenol A against glutamate-induced apoptotic HT22 cell death
Authors: Park Jung-Soo , Park Jong-Hwa , Kim Ki-Young
Published: October 2019

Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; however, at high concentrations, it causes excitotoxicity and many neurological disorders.
Controlled sol–gel synthesis of oxygen sensing CdO : ZnO hexagonal particles for different annealing temperatures
Authors: Rajput Jeevitesh K. , Pathak Trilok K. , Kumar Vinod , Swart H. C. , Purohit L. P.
Published: October 2019

CdO : ZnO hexagonal particles were synthesized by a sol–gel precipitation method at different annealing temperatures.
Effective removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution by biochar supported manganese sulfide
Authors: Zhang Shiqiu , Zhang Haiqing , Liu Fang , Yang Fan , Zhou Shengnan , Zheng Kui , Chu Chunli , Liu Le , Ju Meiting
Published: October 2019

In order to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) efficiently and simplify the adsorbent preparation process, we employed a single step method to prepare a new biochar supported manganese sulfide material.
Screening of molecular targets and construction of a ceRNA network for oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wei Wu , Xi Yang , Jiamin Xu , Jing Zhuang , Shuwen Han
Published: October 2019

Oxaliplatin resistance reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC).
Anti-inflammatory potency of Locusta migratoria manilensis cyclopeptides in mast cells and macrophages
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Huailing , Wang Guangjun , Luo Qiang , Cao Hui , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Zehuang , Yang Pingchang , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2019

Locusts are esteemed as a traditional Chinese medicine, as well as tonic foods in Asian countries.
Improving MOF stability: approaches and applications
Authors: Ding Meili , Cai Xuechao , Jiang Hai-Long
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes recent advances in the design and synthesis of stable MOFs and highlights the relationships between the stability and functional applications.
HAMA: a multiplexed LC-MS/MS assay for specificity profiling of adenylate-forming enzymes
Authors: Stanišić Aleksa , Hüsken Annika , Kries Hajo
Published: October 2019

Adenylation enzymes are engineering targets in ribosomal and nonribosomal peptide synthesis. Through multiplexed LC-MS/MS measurement of hydroxamates, the HAMA assay records specificity profiles of these enzymes in a snap.
Multi-walled carbon nanotube and carbide-derived carbon supported metal phthalocyanines as cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cell applications
Authors: Bhowmick G. D. , Kibena-Põldsepp E. , Matisen L. , Merisalu M. , Kook M. , Käärik M. , Leis J. , Sammelselg V. , Ghangrekar M. M. , Tammeveski K.
Published: October 2019

Metal phthalocyanine (CoPc and FePc) modified MWCNT or CDC materials were explored as superior cathode catalysts for MFC technology.
The hierarchical emergence of worm-like chain behaviour from globular domain polymer chains
Authors: Hanson Benjamin S. , Head David , Dougan Lorna
Published: October 2019

Biological organisms make use of hierarchically organised structures to modulate mechanical behaviour across multiple lengthscales. We investigate this effect with a simulation study on globular domain polymers.
Correction: The role of stickiness in the rheology of semiflexible polymers
Authors: Golde Tom , Glaser Martin , Tutmarc Cary , Elbalasy Iman , Huster Constantin , Busteros Gaizka , Smith David M. , Herrmann Harald , Käs Josef A. , Schnauß Jörg
Published: October 2019

Correction for ‘The role of stickiness in the rheology of semiflexible polymers’ by Tom Golde et al., Soft Matter, 2019, 15, 4865–4872.
A flexible cyanometallate coordination polymer electrode for electrochemical dual-mode seawater energy extraction
Authors: Li Yucen , Dang Qi , Shi Chunjing , Zhang Wei , Jing Chengbin , Li Xin , Hu Ming
Published: October 2019

Flexible electrochemical seawater energy extraction is realized by growing a Prussian blue film on a modified carbon felt.
An optimised Cu(0)-RDRP approach for the synthesis of lipidated oligomeric vinyl azlactone: toward a versatile antimicrobial materials screening platform
Authors: Grace James L. , Amado Maite , Reid Janet C. , Elliott Alysha G. , Landersdorfer Cornelia B. , Truong Nghia P. , Kempe Kristian , Cooper Matthew A. , Davis Thomas P. , Montembault Véronique , Pascual Sagrario , Fontaine Laurent , Velkov Tony , Quinn John F. , Whittaker Michael R.
Published: October 2019

For the first time Cu(0)-RDRP conditions were optimised to allow for the fast and controlled polymerisation of vinyl azlactone with tuneable lipid elements: a versatile platform material for the high-throughput synthesis of antimicrobial materials.
Effects of local symmetry on upconversion emission mechanisms under pulsed excitation
Authors: Avram Daniel , Colbea Claudiu , Tiseanu Carmen
Published: October 2019

Under pulsed excitation, the upconversion emission intensity is comparable/110 times greater in higher compared to in lower local symmetry, in contrast to cw excited upconversion.
Annulation of Indoles with 1,n-Dibromoalkanes by a Pd(II)-Catalyzed and Norbornene-Mediated Reaction Cascade
Authors: Henkel Michael , Bach Thorsten
Published: October 2019

Employing 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane, and 1,5-dibromopentane as biselectrophiles, the annulation of indoles was probed in the presence of PdCl2(MeCN)2 as a catalyst and norbornene as a transpositional ligand. Ring formation to a five-membered ring was observed at positions C2 and N, while annulation of a six-membered ring occurred at positions C2 and C3. The latter cascade process was successfully applied to the direct synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles from indoles (11 examples, 31–68% yield). Seven-membered-ring annulation was feasible by an initial coupling at positon C2 followed by alkylation at C3.
Optimising nudges and boosts for financial decisions under uncertainty
Authors: Franklin Matija , Folke Tomas , Ruggeri Kai
Published: October 2019

Behavioural interventions that directly influence decision-making are increasingly popular policy tools. Two prominent interventions used are nudges, which promote an optimal choice without restricting options, and boosts, which promote individual capabilities to make more informed choices. Direct comparison is a critical step toward understanding the populations and contexts where they may be most efficient, or potentially complementary toward improving their effectiveness. Two trials in the US and Serbia (N = 1423) tested a series of choices under uncertainty using both nudge and boost interventions. In a replication setting, hypothetical and consequential decisions are used. Findings indicate that disclosure nudges and boosts, unlike social nudges, promote more advantageous financial decisions. Furthermore, the effects of disclosure nudges and boosts generally differ depending on loss and gain framing—boosts promoted more advantageous decisions under gain frames while disclosure nudges did so under loss frames. Finally, boosts were typically more effective for those who initially made suboptimal choices and sociodemographic factors did not mediate the effectiveness of the interventions. These insights provide clarity to highly nuanced, complex patterns across population behaviours in the context of financial choice under uncertainty and considerable implications for the design of interventions for policies that impact population behaviours.
Dependence of the pickup-like ion effective heating on the poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields during magnetic reconnection
Authors: Usami Shunsuke , Horiuchi Ritoku , Ohtani Hiroaki , Ono Yasushi , Inomoto Michiaki , Tanabe Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

The dependence of the ion effective heating on the poloidal (reconnection) and toroidal (guide) magnetic fields during magnetic reconnection in the presence of a guide magnetic field is investigated by means of particle simulations, which mimic merging plasmas in a spherical tokamak. In previous works, our simulations demonstrated that the ion temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field grows mainly in the downstream, in which ring-shaped velocity distributions are formed. This means that ions are effectively heated. The basic theory explains that the ring-shaped distribution is formed by the ions which rotate around the guide magnetic field while E × B drifting. In this work, the basic theory is extended to a more general theory including not only a ring-shaped distribution, but also a circular-arc-shaped distribution. The generalized theory explains that the effective temperature changes by the radius and the central angle of the arc-shaped velocity distribution and conjectures the dependence of the ion effective heating on the poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields. The simulations show that the ion heating energy is proportional to the square of the poloidal magnetic field, whereas the ion temperature decreases as the toroidal field is larger, but the toroidal field dependence becomes small for the regime of high toroidal field. These tendencies are consistent with those observed in experiments.
Bismuth surface segregation and disorder analysis of quaternary (Ga,In)(As,Bi)/InP alloys
Authors: Veletas Julian , Hepp Thilo , Volz Kerstin , Chatterjee Sangam
Published: October 2019

The incorporation of small fractions of bismuth atoms in III–V semiconductors such as (Ga,In)As leads to a vast decrease of the bandgap energies accompanied by an increase of the spin-orbit splitting energies of the alloy compared to the host material. This effect is commonly described by an anticrossing of the bismuth-level with the valence bands of the matrix. Growth and characterization of quaternary alloys like (Ga,In)(As,Bi) remains challenging due to the required low growth temperatures, since Bi generally tends to have pronounced surfactant properties on the one hand and the similar influence in Bi and In on most structural, electronic, and optical properties such as the lattice constant or the bandgap energy. In this study, we uniquely identify surface diffusion of the bismuth atoms with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and relate the finding to growth parameters and photoluminescence properties and X-ray diffraction patterns of the material. We show the influence of different partial pressures of the MOVPE growth on the bismuth segregation process as well as a consequence thereof the disorder properties of those samples compared to (Ga,In)As/InP reference alloys.
Turbulent transport in TCV plasmas with positive and negative triangularity
Authors: Merlo G. , Fontana M. , Coda S. , Hatch D. , Janhunen S. , Porte L. , Jenko F.
Published: October 2019

Local gyrokinetic simulations with the GENE code are used to investigate the turbulent transport for different levels of neutral beam injection heating power in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) for plasmas with both positive and negative edge triangularity. The sensitivity of the heat fluxes with respect to the main plasma parameters, including background gradients, impurity content, and electron temperature, is systematically studied. The experimentally measured transport levels are recovered with variations of profiles compatible with experimental error bars. When considering experimental conditions, trapped electron modes are the dominant instabilities for all heating powers and both types of shapes, whereas ion temperature gradients (ITGs) are not found. A numerical experiment, considering plasma profiles that strongly destabilize ITG modes, is thus performed. Negative triangularity is found to reduce the transport level also in this regime.
Ferroelectric films on metal substrates: The role of thermal expansion mismatch on dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties
Authors: Patel T. A. , Co K. , Hebert R. J. , Alpay S. P.
Published: October 2019

We present here a comprehensive analysis of the effect of thermal stresses on the functional properties of ferroelectric oxides on metal substrates. We use a Landau-Devonshire formalism to quantitatively assess the role of in-plane thermal strains that arise from the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between lead zirconate titanate [PbZrxTi1–xO3, PZT x/(1 – x)] films and Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Ti-based substrates. Specifically, we compute Curie transition temperatures, spontaneous polarizations, dielectric permittivities, piezoelectric coefficients, and pyroelectric responses of tetragonal PZT compositions as a function of the growth/processing temperature. To provide a rapid evaluation, we also develop Ashby diagrams of property coefficients as a function of PZT composition, processing temperature, and CTE of the substrate. Our results show that thermal strains in PZT may significantly alter the ferroelectric transition temperature, dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. For example, for PZT 50/50 films on Ni-based superalloys processed/annealed at 700 °C, we predict monodomain intrinsic dielectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric responses to be 234, 152 pC/N, and 0.021 μC cm−2 °C−1, respectively, compared to bulk PZT 50/50 values of 381, 326 pC/N, and 0.045 μC cm−2 °C−1. These are substantial variations which show that thermal strains must be considered in the design and development of built-in functionality obtained through ferroelectric films in structural, aerospace components.
Semiclassical dynamics in the mixed quantum-classical limit
Authors: Church Matthew S. , Ananth Nandini
Published: October 2019

The semiclassical double Herman-Kluk initial value representation is an accurate approach to computing quantum real time correlation functions, but its applications are limited by the need to evaluate an oscillatory integral. In previous work, we have shown that this “sign problem” can be mitigated using the modified Filinov filtration technique to control the extent to which individual modes of the system contribute to the overall phase of the integrand. Here, we follow this idea to a logical conclusion: we analytically derive a general expression for the mixed quantum-classical limit of the semiclassical correlation function—analytical mixed quantum-classical-initial value representation (AMQC-IVR), where the phase contributions from the “classical” modes of the system are filtered while the “quantum” modes are treated in the full semiclassical limit. We numerically demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the AMQC-IVR formulation in calculations of quantum correlation functions and reaction rates using three model systems with varied coupling strengths between the classical and quantum subsystems. We also introduce a separable prefactor approximation that further reduces computational cost but is only accurate in the limit of weak coupling between the quantum and classical subsystems.
Structural and electronic properties of liquid, amorphous, and supercooled liquid phases of In2Te5 from first-principles
Authors: Dragoni Daniele , Bernasconi Marco
Published: October 2019

In2Te5 is a stoichiometric compound in the In–Te system of interest for applications in phase change electronic memories and thermoelectrics. Here, we perform a computational study of the structural, dynamical, and electronic properties of the liquid, supercooled liquid, and amorphous phases of this compound by means of density functional molecular dynamics simulations. Models of the supercooled liquid and amorphous phases have been generated by quenching from the melt. The structure of the liquid phase is characterized by a mixture of defective octahedral and tetrahedral local environments of In atoms, while the amorphous phase displays a mostly tetrahedral local geometry for In atoms with corner and edge sharing tetrahedra similar to those found in the crystalline phases of the In2Te5, InTe, and In2Te3 compounds. Comparison with our previous results on liquid and amorphous In2Te3 and further data on the structural properties of liquid In2Te3 are also discussed. The analysis of the electronic properties highlights the opening of a mobility gap in In2Te5 at about 150 K below the liquidus temperature.
Transfer or delivery of micro light-emitting diodes for light-emitting diode displays
Authors: Cho Jaehee , Kim Jong Kyu
Published: October 2019

As the next-generation display technology, microscale light-emitting diode (μ-LED) displays have attracted significant attention recently. For applying μ-LEDs as direct emissive pixels in everyday display applications, many chips in a relatively small-sized wafer must be relocated and distributed quickly over a wide screen area via so-called transfer technology. After a brief review of current conventional transfer technologies for placing μ-LEDs on a wide screen, for perspective, a new and versatile delivery technique for μ-LEDs is presented, in which an LED chip is converted to a ball shape in order to facilitate handling and processing of μ-LEDs for practical applications. Plausible procedures including the formation, arrangement, and removal of the plastic ball are discussed to envision potential impacts of the technology.
Correlation effects in B1s core-excited states of boronic-acid derivatives: An experimental and computational study
Authors: Toffoli Daniele , Ponzi Aurora , Bernes Elisa , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Coreno Marcello , Stredansky Matus , Cossaro Albano , Fronzoni Giovanna
Published: October 2019

We performed a theoretical investigation on the influence of electronic correlation effects on the B1s NEXAFS spectrum of boronic acid derivatives, namely, boric acid [B(OH)3], phenyl boronic acid (PBA), and 1,4-phenyl diboronic acid (PDBA), employing different computational schemes of increasing complexity, ranging from the purely one-electron scheme based on the transition potential method of density functional theory (DFT-TP), time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF). We also report experimental measurements of the B1s NEXAFS spectra of the aforementioned molecules together with the high-resolution C1s NEXAFS spectrum of PBA. We demonstrate that due to the shallow B1s core energy levels compared to C, O, and N, the inclusion of static correlation effects, which can be incorporated by using multireference approaches to excited states, assumes a decisive role in reconciling experiment and theory on B1s core-electron excitation energies and oscillator strengths to valence states. This claim is corroborated by the good agreement that we find between the DFT-TP calculated C1s NEXAFS spectrum and that experimentally measured for PBA and by the failure of both DFT-TP and TDDFT approaches with a selection of xc functionals kernels to properly describe the B1s NEXAFS spectrum of PBA and PDBA, at variance with the good agreement with the experiment that is found by employing the MCSCF wave function approach.
Optically transparent broadband and polarization insensitive microwave metamaterial absorber
Authors: Xiao Houdi , Qu Zhipeng , Lv Mingyun , Du Huafei , Zhu Weiyu , Wang Chuanzhi , Qin Ruiru
Published: October 2019

A transparent metamaterial absorber with broadband microwave absorption and polarization insensitiveness is presented in this paper. Consisting of a two-layer closed square ring, one-layer patch-shaped indium tin oxide films, and a three-layer soda-lime glass substrate, the proposed absorber has advantages of broadband absorption with absorptivity higher than 85% ranging from 4.6 to 18 GHz, transparency, good polarization insensitiveness, wide-incident-angle stability, and high shielding efficiency. A prototype sample is fabricated and measured to demonstrate its excellent performance. The experimental results agree well with the numerical simulations.
Design and analysis of the Tesla transformer with duplex secondary winding
Authors: He Shi , Li Jun-na , Qiu Ai-ci
Published: October 2019

A Tesla transformer with duplex winding is designed. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided into two parts, a 120-turn tapered winding and a 6-turn extra winding, which combine the transient oscillation of the main tapered winding and the main gap’s trigger electrode. This configuration improves the performance of the main gap and makes the generator more compact. Two types of numerical techniques are introduced: a time-dependent finite element method model and a double transmission line lumped circuit model. To validate these models, calculated voltage signals on the extra winding are compared with the measured signal. The verification test shows that results of the two models are acceptable. Errors between the measured signal and simulation results are explained.
The anatomy of an unstable node: a Levantine relict precipitates phylogenomic dissolution of higher-level relationships of the armoured harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores)
Authors: Aharon Shlomi , Ballesteros Jesus A. , Crawford Audrey R. , Friske Keyton , Gainett Guilherme , Langford Boaz , Santibáñez-López Carlos E. , Ya'aran Shemesh , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Sharma Prashant P.
Published: October 2019

After tumultuous revisions to the family-level systematics of Laniatores (the armored harvestmen), the basally branching family Phalangodidae presently bears a disjunct and irregular distribution, attributed to the fragmentation of Pangea. One of the curious lineages assigned to Phalangodidae is the monotypic Israeli genus Haasus, the only Laniatores species that occurs in Israel, and whose presence in the Levant has been inferred to result from biogeographic connectivity with Eurasia. Recent surveys of Israeli caves have also yielded a new troglobitic morphospecies of Haasus. Here, we describe this new species as Haasus naasane sp. nov. So as to test the biogeographic affinity of Haasus, we sequenced DNA from both species and RNA from Haasus naasane sp. nov., to assess their phylogenetic placement. Our results showed that the new species is clearly closely related to Haasus judaeus, but Haasus itself is unambiguously nested within the largely Afrotropical family Pyramidopidae. In addition, the Japanese ‘phalangodid’ Proscotolemon sauteri was recovered as nested within the Southeast Asian family Petrobunidae. Phylogenomic placement of Haasus naasane sp. nov. in a 1550-locus matrix indicates that Pyramidopidae has an unstable position in the tree of Laniatores, with alternative partitioning of the matrix recovering high nodal support for mutually exclusive tree topologies. Exploration of phylogenetic signal showed the cause of this instability to be a considerable conflict between partitions, suggesting that the basal phylogeny of Laniatores may not yet be stable to addition of taxa. We transfer Haasus to Pyramidopidae (new familial assignment). Additionally, we transfer Proscotolemon to the family Petrobunidae (new familial assignment). Future studies on basal Laniatores phylogeny should emphasise the investigation of small-bodied and obscure groups that superficially resemble Phalangodidae.
Shape-shifting structured lattices via multimaterial 4D printing
Authors: Boley J. William , van Rees Wim M. , Lissandrello Charles , Horenstein Mark N. , Truby Ryan L. , Kotikian Arda , Lewis Jennifer A. , Mahadevan L.
Published: October 2019

Shape-morphing structured materials have the ability to transform a range of applications. However, their design and fabrication remain challenging due to the difficulty of controlling the underlying metric tensor in space and time. Here, we exploit a combination of multiple materials, geometry, and 4-dimensional (4D) printing to create structured heterogeneous lattices that overcome this problem. Our printable inks are composed of elastomeric matrices with tunable cross-link density and anisotropic filler that enable precise control of their elastic modulus (
E
) and coefficient of thermal expansion

(
α
)

. The inks are printed in the form of lattices with curved bilayer ribs whose geometry is individually programmed to achieve local control over the metric tensor. For independent control of extrinsic curvature, we created multiplexed bilayer ribs composed of 4 materials, which enables us to encode a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) shape changes in response to temperature. As exemplars, we designed and printed planar lattices that morph into frequency-shifting antennae and a human face, demonstrating functionality and geometric complexity, respectively. Our inverse geometric design and multimaterial 4D printing method can be readily extended to other stimuli-responsive materials and different 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell designs to create scalable, reversible, shape-shifting structures with unprecedented complexity.
ILC2s mediate systemic innate protection by priming mucus production at distal mucosal sites
Authors: Campbell Laura , Hepworth Matthew R. , Whittingham-Dowd Jayde , Thompson Seona , Bancroft Allison J. , Hayes Kelly S. , Shaw Tovah N. , Dickey Burton F. , Flamar Anne-Laure , Artis David , Schwartz David A. , Evans Christopher M. , Roberts Ian S. , Thornton David J. , Grencis Richard K.
Published: October 2019

Host immunity to parasitic nematodes requires the generation of a robust type 2 cytokine response, characterized by the production of interleukin 13 (IL-13), which drives expulsion. Here, we show that infection with helminths in the intestine also induces an ILC2-driven, IL-13–dependent goblet cell hyperplasia and increased production of mucins (Muc5b and Muc5ac) at distal sites, including the lungs and other mucosal barrier sites. Critically, we show that type 2 priming of lung tissue through increased mucin production inhibits the progression of a subsequent lung migratory helminth infection and limits its transit through the airways. These data show that infection by gastrointestinal-dwelling helminths induces a systemic innate mucin response that primes peripheral barrier sites for protection against subsequent secondary helminth infections. These data suggest that innate-driven priming of mucus barriers may have evolved to protect from subsequent infections with multiple helminth species, which occur naturally in endemic areas.
Simple symmetrical circuits and a comment on the importance of topology
Authors: Wörner C H
Published: October 2019

The equivalent resistance calculation for two circuits in cubic arrangements is solved. Emphasis is placed on the plastic (topological) properties of these circuits. In contrast, the opposite topological behaviour of an analogous arrangement is observed in the calculus of a magnetic field. It is also noted that the solved examples may be used as a teaser/comic pedagogical approach to physics instruction.
Distinguishing Majorana zero modes from impurity states through time-resolved transport
Authors: Tuovinen Riku , Perfetto Enrico , Leeuwen Robert van , Stefanucci Gianluca , Sentef Michael A
Published: October 2019

We study time-resolved charge transport in a superconducting nanowire using time-dependent Landauer–Büttiker theory. We find that the steady-state Majorana zero-bias conductance peak emerges transiently accompanied by characteristic oscillations after a bias-voltage quench. These oscillations are suppressed for trivial impurity states (IS) that otherwise show a similar steady-state signal as the Majorana zero mode (MZM). In addition, we find that Andreev bound states or quasi-Majorana states (QMS) in the topologically trivial bulk phase can give rise to a zero-bias conductance peak, also retaining the transient properties of the MZM. Our results imply that (1) time-resolved transport may be used as a probe to distinguish between the topological MZM and trivial IS; and (2) the QMS mimic the transient signatures of the topological MZMs.
A succinct review on fuel cells
Authors: Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar , Karthikeyan P
Published: October 2019

The role of renewable energy is becoming significant in the current scenario due to increasing power demand, instability of fuel prices and economic-environmental glitches. Fuel cell stood as one of the emerging and leading contributors in the realm of renewable energy because of its higher efficacy, cleanliness and economic supply of demanded energy to the consumers. This article gives a brief knowledge on the different types of fuel cell technologies along with their working principles, pros, cons and application of fuel cells in various sectors. It also discusses the techno-economic issues of this current technology. Also briefed about the future recommendations to wide spread this technology for better economic and environmental solutions.
Minimization of parallax error in positron emission tomography using depth of interaction capable detectors: methods and apparatus
Authors: Mohammadi I , Castro I F C , Correia P M M , Silva A L M , Veloso J F C A
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the authors review the field of parallax error (PE) minimization in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging systems by using depth of interaction (DOI) capable concepts. The review includes apparatus as well as an overview of various methods described in the literature. It also discusses potential advantages gained via these approaches, as discussed with reference to various metrics and tasks, particularly in the improvement of spatial resolution (SR) performance. Furthermore, the authors emphasize limitations encountered in the context of DOI decoding, which can be a considerable pitfall depending on the task of interest.
Mitochondrial lipid droplet formation as a detoxification mechanism to sequester and degrade excessive urothelial membranes
Authors: Liao Yi , Tham Daniel K. L. , Liang Feng-Xia , Chang Jennifer , Wei Yuan , Sudhir Putty-Reddy , Sall Joseph , Ren Sarah J. , Chicote Javier U. , Arnold Lora L. , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Romih Rok , Andrade Leonardo R. , Rindler Michael J. , Cohen Samuel M. , DeSalle Rob , Garcia-España Antonio , Ding Mingxiao , Wu Xue-Ru , Sun Tung-Tien
Published: October 2019

The apical surface of the terminally differentiated mammalian urothelial umbrella cell is mechanically stable and highly impermeable, in part due to its coverage by urothelial plaques consisting of 2D crystals of uroplakin particles. The mechanism for regulating the uroplakin/plaque level is unclear. We found that genetic ablation of the highly tissue-specific sorting nexin Snx31, which localizes to plaques lining the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in urothelial umbrella cells, abolishes MVBs suggesting that Snx31 plays a role in stabilizing the MVB-associated plaques by allowing them to achieve a greater curvature. Strikingly, Snx31 ablation also induces a massive accumulation of uroplakin-containing mitochondria-derived lipid droplets (LDs), which mediate uroplakin degradation via autophagy/lipophagy, leading to the loss of apical and fusiform vesicle plaques. These results suggest that MVBs play an active role in suppressing the excessive/wasteful endocytic degradation of uroplakins. Failure of this suppression mechanism triggers the formation of mitochondrial LDs so that excessive uroplakin membranes can be sequestered and degraded. Because mitochondrial LD formation, which occurs at a low level in normal urothelium, can also be induced by disturbance in uroplakin polymerization due to individual uroplakin knockout and by arsenite, a bladder carcinogen, this pathway may represent an inducible, versatile urothelial detoxification mechanism.
Heterogeneous Exposure Associations in Observational Cohort Studies: The Example of Blood Pressure in Older Adults
Authors: Odden Michelle C , Rawlings Andreea M , Khodadadi Abtin , Fern Xiaoli , Shlipak Michael G , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Covinsky Kenneth , Kanaya Alka M , Lee Anne , Haan Mary N , Newman Anne B , Psaty Bruce M , Peralta Carmen A
Published: October 2019

Heterogeneous exposure associations (HEAs) can be defined as differences in the association of an exposure with an outcome among subgroups that differ by a set of characteristics. In this article, we intend to foster discussion of HEAs in the epidemiologic literature and present a variant of the random forest algorithm that can be used to identify HEAs. We demonstrate the use of this algorithm in the setting of the association between systolic blood pressure and death in older adults. The training set included pooled data from the baseline examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study (1989–1993), the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (1997–1998), and the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998–1999). The test set included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2002). The hazard ratios ranged from 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.13, 1.37) per 10-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure among men aged ≤67 years with diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mm Hg to 1.00 (95% confidence interval: 0.96, 1.03) among women with creatinine concentration ≤0.7 mg/dL and a history of hypertension. HEAs have the potential to improve our understanding of disease mechanisms in diverse populations and guide the design of randomized controlled trials to control exposures in heterogeneous populations.
Religious Service Attendance, Religious Coping, and Risk of Hypertension in Women Participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Spence Nicholas D , Farvid Maryam S , Warner Erica T , VanderWeele Tyler J , Tworoger Shelley S , Argentieri M Austin , Shields Alexandra E
Published: October 2019

The association between religious service attendance, religious coping, and hypertension is unclear. Prospective research and assessment of potential mediators is needed to understand this relationship. From 2001–2013, we prospectively followed 44,281 nonhypertensive women who provided information on religious service attendance and religious coping in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Cox regression and mediation analyses were conducted to assess associations between religion and hypertension. There were 453,706 person-years of follow-up and 11,773 incident hypertension cases. Women who attended religious services were less likely to develop hypertension. In the fully adjusting model, compared with women who never or almost never attend religious meetings or services, women attending less than once per month (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.03), 1–3 times per month (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.00), once per week (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98), or more than once per week (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97) showed a decreased risk of hypertension (P for trend = 0.001). Body mass index was an important mediator (11.5%; P < 0.001). Religious coping had a marginal association with hypertension. In conclusion, religious service attendance was modestly associated with hypertension in an inverse dose-response manner and partially mediated through body mass index. Future research is needed on biological or social reasons for the lower risk of hypertension.
The risk-takers and -avoiders: germination sensitivity to water stress in an arid zone with unpredictable rainfall
Authors: Duncan Corrine , Schultz Nick L , Good Megan K , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Cook Simon
Published: October 2019

Water availability is a critical driver of population dynamics in arid zones, and plant recruitment is typically episodic in response to rainfall. Understanding species’ germination thresholds is key for conservation and restoration initiatives. Thus, we investigated the role of water availability in the germination traits of keystone species in an arid ecosystem with stochastic rainfall. We measured seed germination responses of five arid species, along gradients of temperature and water potential under controlled laboratory conditions. We then identified the cardinal temperatures and base water potentials for seed germination, and applied the hydrotime model to assess germination responses to water stress. Optimum temperatures for germination ranged from 15 to 31 °C under saturated conditions (0 MPa), and three species had low minimum temperatures for germination (<3 °C). A small proportion of seeds of all species germinated under dry conditions (Ψ ≤ −1 MPa), although base water potential for germination (Ψ b50) ranged from −0.61 to −0.79 MPa. Species adhered to one of two germination traits: (i) the risk-takers which require less moisture availability for germination, and which can germinate over a wider range of temperatures irrespective of water availability (Casuarina pauper and Maireana pyramidata), and (ii) the risk-avoiders which have greater moisture requirements, a preference for cold climate germination, and narrower temperature ranges for germination when water availability is low (Atriplex rhagodioides, Maireana sedifolia and Hakea leucoptera). High seed longevity under physiological stress in H. leucoptera, combined with a risk-avoiding strategy, allows bet-hedging. The hydrotime model predicted lower base water potentials for germination than observed by the data, further supporting our assertion that these species have particular adaptations to avoid germination during drought. This study provides insights into the complex physiological responses of seeds to environmental stress, and relates seed germination traits to community dynamics and restoration in arid zones.