bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Aminomethylation of 9‐Aza‐3‐azoniaspiro[5,5]undeca‐7,10‐diene‐8‐selenolates.
Authors: Frolov K. A. , Dotsenko V. V. , Krivokolysko S. G. , Zubatyuk R. I. , Shishkin O. V.
Published: November 2013

The previously unknown title compounds (III) are obtained by reaction of N‐alkylpiperidin‐4‐ones with two equivalents of cyanoselenoacetamides, or with malononitrile and cyanoselenoacetamide.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Regioselective Oxidation of Glycosides.
Authors: Jaeger Manuel , Hartmann Marcel , de Vries Johannes G. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: November 2013

This is the first catalytic, regioselective oxidation of unprotected pyranosyl glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Hippolachnin A, a New Antifungal Polyketide from the South China Sea Sponge Hippospongia lachne.
Authors: Piao Shu‐Juan , Song Yun‐Long , Jiao Wei‐Hua , Yang Fan , Liu Xiang‐Fang , Chen Wan‐Sheng , Han Bing‐Nan , Lin Hou‐Wen
Published: November 2013

The title compound shows potent antifungal activity against cryptococcus neoformans, trichophyton rubrum, and microsporum gypseum with an MIC value of 0.41 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and First Total Synthesis of PM050489 and PM060184, Two New Marine Anticancer Compounds.
Authors: Cuevas Carmen , et al. et al.
Published: November 2013

The first isolation, structural elucidation and total synthesis of two totally new polyketides (I) isolated from the Madagascan sponge Lithoplocamia lithistoides are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Science Studies on the Zirconia‐Based Model Catalysts
Authors: Han Yong , Zhu Junfa
Published: November 2013

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Controlling the Size, Composition and Nanostructure of Supported Gold‐Palladium Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Paalanen Pasi , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Sankar Meenakshisundaram
Published: November 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Calix[4]arene Derivatives: Binding Stoichiometry and Spectroscopic Evaluation of the Host‐Guest Recognition Mechanism
Authors: Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Song Keum‐Soo , Kim Taisun
Published: November 2013

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Otteliones A and B, Novel and Powerful Antitumor Agents from the Freshwater Plant Ottelia Alismoides
Authors: Katoh Tadashi
Published: November 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mono‐, Di‐ and Trithioorthocarbamates
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Ali Karamat
Published: November 2013

Review: synthetic routes to title compounds; 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Aspects of Fluoroalkylation Reactions with Copper and Nickel
Authors: Wang Huan , Vicic David A.
Published: November 2013

Review: 158 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing α‐Amino Acids in Enantiomerically Pure Form via Homologation of Ni(II) Complexes of Glycine and Alanine Schiff Bases
Authors: Acena Jose Luis , Sorochinsky Alexander E. , Moriwaki Hiroki , Sato Tatsunori , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: November 2013

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocyclopropenium Ions: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Bandar Jeffrey S. , Lambert Tristan H.
Published: November 2013

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Oligonucleotide‐Based Detection of Enzymes Involved with DNA Repair
Authors: Leung Chung‐Hang , Zhong Hai‐Jing , He Hong‐Zhang , Lu Lihua , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Ma Dik‐Lung
Published: November 2013

Review: [96 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives on Poly(dopamine)
Authors: Dreyer Daniel R. , Miller Daniel J. , Freeman Benny D. , Paul Donald R. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: November 2013

Review: history, chemical relationship to melanins, recent applications, and potential areas for future study; 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Superhydrophobic Graphene‐Based Materials: Surface Construction and Functional Applications
Authors: Chen Zhongxin , Dong Lei , Yang Dong , Lu Hongbin
Published: November 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: OCWLGI Descriptors: Theory and Praxis
Authors: Toropov Andrey A. , Toropova Alla P. , Benfenati Emilio , Gini Giuseppina
Published: November 2013

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperconjugation in Hydrocarbons: Not Just a “Mild Sort of Conjugation”
Authors: Wu Judy I.‐Chia , von Rague Schleyer Paul
Published: November 2013

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Assignment of the Absolute Configurations of Natural Products by Means of Solid‐State Electronic Circular Dichroism and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Pescitelli Gennaro , Kurtan Tibor , Krohn Karsten
Published: November 2013

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 19F NMR: A Valuable Tool for Studying Biological Events
Authors: Chen Han , Viel Stephane , Ziarelli Fabio , Peng Ling
Published: November 2013

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Sensing of Saccharides Using Simple Boronic Acids and Their Aggregates
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Zhao , Chen Xuan‐Xuan , Fossey John S. , James Tony D. , Jiang Yun‐Bao
Published: November 2013

Review: 85 refs.
Cellulose Functionalization via ATRP Grafting of Glycidyl Methacrylate for Cr(VI) Adsorption
Authors: Lin Chunxiang , Qiao Sha , Liu Danhui , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2013

Cellulose was first grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in an ionic liquid via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and then the introduced epoxy groups were reacted with ethanediamine (EDA) to obtain an amino adsorbent. The grafting copolymer and the obtained adsorbent were characterized by FTIR,1H NMR, TEM and SEM. The results showed that the grafted copolymers had grafted polymer chains with well‐controlled molecular weight and polydispersity, the polymerization was a controlled system. The cellulose adsorbent had numerous micropores on the surface and showed high performance for Cr(VI) adsorption. The adsorption behavior was pH dependent and the sorption equilibrium was achieved within 2 h on the adsorbent.
An Improved Protocol for Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Sulfonyl Aziridines with Iodine Promoted by PPh3
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Meng Lingguo , Li Chuntao , Xiao Guoyuan
Published: November 2013

A new route to synthesize β‐iodo amines from sulfonyl aziridines and iodine was developed in the presence of PPh3. This ring‐opening reaction was an efficient and simple process to give β‐iodo amines in excellent yields with high chemoselectivity.
FGF7 signals are relayed to autocrine EGF family growth factors to induce branching morphogenesis of mouse salivary epithelium
Authors: Kera Hayashi , Yuki Satoshi , Nogawa Hiroyuki
Published: November 2013

Background: The Matrigel‐embedded epithelium of the mouse submandibular gland undergoes branching morphogenesis when cultured in medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), whereas it elongates a stalk with limited branching in medium with only FGF7. Because LPA is a well‐known activator of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, we hypothesized the involvement of autocrine EGF family growth factors in the branching morphogenesis. Results: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies showed that three members, Tgfa, Hbegf,and Nrg1 of the EGF family were expressed in the epithelium cultured with FGF7 + LPA as well as in the epithelium freshly isolated from the rudiments. All the growth factors induced extensive branching morphogenesis in the Matrigel‐embedded epithelium in the presence of LPA. Tyrphostin AG112, an inhibitor of EGF signaling, severely impaired branching morphogenesis induced by FGF7 + LPA without exogenous addition of EGF family growth factors to the culture medium. The shaking cultures, which were expected to decrease the concentration of autocrine growth factors near the epithelium by promoting their diffusion, significantly reduced branching morphogenesis induced by FGF7 + LPA. Conclusions: Autocrine EGF family growth factors are involved in epithelial branching morphogenesis induced by FGF7 + LPA. Developmental Dynamics 243:552–559, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraspecific phenotypic variation in a fish predator affects multitrophic lake metacommunity structure
Authors: Howeth Jennifer G. , Weis Jerome J. , Brodersen Jakob , Hatton Elizabeth C. , Post David M.
Published: November 2013

Contemporary insights from evolutionary ecology suggest that population divergence in ecologically important traits within predators can generate diversifying ecological selection on local community structure. Many studies acknowledging these effects of intraspecific variation assume that local populations are situated in communities that are unconnected to similar communities within a shared region. Recent work from metacommunity ecology suggests that species dispersal among communities can also influence species diversity and composition but can depend upon the relative importance of the local environment. Here, we study the relative effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation in a fish predator and spatial processes related to plankton species dispersal on multitrophic lake plankton metacommunity structure. Intraspecific diversification in foraging traits and residence time of the planktivorous fish alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) among coastal lakes yields lake metacommunities supporting three lake types which differ in the phenotype and incidence of alewife: lakes with anadromous, landlocked, or no alewives. In coastal lakes, plankton community composition was attributed to dispersal versus local environmental predictors, including intraspecific variation in alewives. Local and beta diversity of zooplankton and phytoplankton was additionally measured in response to intraspecific variation in alewives. Zooplankton communities were structured by species sorting, with a strong influence of intraspecific variation in A. pseudoharengus. Intraspecific variation altered zooplankton species richness and beta diversity, where lake communities with landlocked alewives exhibited intermediate richness between lakes with anadromous alewives and without alewives, and greater community similarity. Phytoplankton diversity, in contrast, was highest in lakes with landlocked alewives. The results indicate that plankton dispersal in the region supplied a migrant pool that was strongly structured by intraspecific variation in alewives. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that intraspecific phenotypic variation in a predator can maintain contrasting patterns of multitrophic diversity in metacommunities.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Thiophosphinoyl Late‐Transition‐Metal and Divalent Lanthanide Complexes Derived from 2‐Quinolyl‐Linked (Thiophosphorano)methane
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , Chan Yuk‐Chi , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: November 2013

The synthesis and structural characterization of a series of late‐transition‐metal and divalent lanthanide complexes derived from 2‐quinolyl‐linked phosphoranosulfide CH2(iPr2P=S)(C9H6N‐2) are reported. Metathesis of dimeric lithium complex [(Li{Et2O}{CH(iPr2P–S)(C9H6N‐2)})2] (1) with CoCl2 (2 equiv.) afforded a heteroleptic cobalt(II) complex [(CoCl{CH(iPr2P=S)2(C9H6N‐2)})2] (2). Treatment of potassium complex [(K{CH(iPr2P–S)(C9H6N‐2)})n] (3) with MCl2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co; 1 equiv.) afforded homoleptic 2‐quinolyl‐linked (thiophosphorano)methanide metal(II) complexes, [M{CH(iPr2P–S)2(C9H6N‐2)}2] [M = Mn (4), Fe (5), Co (6)]. Metathesis reaction of 3 with [YbI2(thf)2] and [EuI2(thf)2] (1 equiv.) afforded dimeric homoleptic ytterbium(II) complex [(Yb{CH(iPr2P–S)(C9H6N‐2)}2)2] (7) and europium(II) complex [(Eu{CH(iPr2P–S)(C9H6N‐2)}2)2] (8), respectively. The structures of 2 and 4–8 have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility of compounds 4–6 have been determined by using Evan's method.
Room‐Temperature Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of Vinylic C(sp2)–H Bonds with Amines and CO
Authors: Yang Xu‐Heng , Li Kai , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: November 2013

A new, mild route to access 3‐methyleneindolin‐2‐ones is presented that proceeds through a room‐temperature, palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative aminocarbonylation of alkenes with amines and CO. This method represents a new aminocarbonylation strategy by employing an oxidative functionalization of a vinyl C(sp2)–H bond.
Adsorption of neutral red from aqueous solutions using waste foundry sand: Full factorial design analysis
Authors: Çoruh Semra , Gürkan Elif Hatice
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study is to investigate the adsorption of Neutral red dye from aqueous solution on waste foundry sand with bentonite using 23 full factorial design. The combined effect of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the neutral red adsorption was studied. Factorial design of experiments is employed to study the effect of three factors initial dye concentration (30 and 300 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (2.5 and 20 g/L), and contact time (5 and 120 min), at two levels low and high. The results were statistically analyzed by using the student's t‐test, analysis of variance and an F‐test to define important experimental factors and their levels. A regression model that considers the significant main and interaction effects was suggested. The results showed that initial dye concentration is the most significant factor that affects the removal of neutral red. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 1086–1095, 2014
Optimal cost‐effective topology of column bearings for reducing vertical acceleration demands in multistory base‐isolated buildings
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Warn Gordon P.
Published: November 2013

Base‐isolation is regarded as one of the most effective methods for protecting the structural and nonstructural building elements from design level horizontal earthquake ground shaking. However, base‐isolation as currently practiced does not offer unlimited protection for these buildings, especially when the ground shaking includes a strong vertical component. The vulnerability of nonstructural systems in a base‐isolated building was made evident during recent shake table testing of a full‐scale five‐story base‐isolated steel moment frame where nonstructural system damage was observed following tests including vertical excitation. Past research efforts have attempted to achieve 3D isolation of buildings and nuclear structures by concentrating both the horizontal and vertical flexibility at the base of the building that are either quite limited or not economically viable. An approach whereby the vertical flexibility is distributed up the height of the building superstructure to passively reduce vertical acceleration demands in base‐isolated buildings is presented. The vertical flexibility is achieved by placing laterally restrained elastomeric ‘column’ bearings at one or more floor levels along the height of the building. To broadly investigate the efficacy of the vertically distributed flexibility concept and the trade‐off between mitigation and cost, a multi‐objective optimization study was conducted considering 3‐story, 9‐story, and 20‐story archetype buildings that aimed to minimize the median peak vertical floor acceleration demands and to minimize the direct cost of column bearings. Based on the results of the optimization study, a practical rule for determining the number of levels and locations of column bearings is proposed and evaluated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact outage analysis of underlay cooperative cognitive networks with maximum transmit‐and‐interference power constraints and erroneous channel information
Authors: Ho‐Van Khuong
Published: November 2013

This paper presents exact analysis of interference probability and outage probability of underlay cooperative cognitive networks under quite general conditions such as imperfect channel information, maximum transmit‐and‐interference power constraints, correlation among received signal‐to‐noise ratios and non identically distributed fading channels. In addition, asymptotic outage analysis at either large maximum transmit power or large maximum interference power is proposed to have useful insights into performance limits of underlay cooperative cognitive networks. Analytical results reveal that underlay cooperative cognitive networks dramatically suffer outage saturation phenomenon, and saturation degree significantly depends on channel estimation quality. Moreover, the performance of both licenced network in terms of interference probability and unlicenced network in terms of outage probability is considerably deteriorated by channel estimation error. Furthermore, optimum relay position is dependent of several factors such as maximum transmit power, maximum interference power, licensee position and channel estimation quality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M2M access performance in LTE‐A system
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhu Guangxi , Wu Weimin , Gao Youjun
Published: November 2013

Machine‐type communication emerges recently as a solution to cater for ubiquitous connections between a diversity of devices and the public wireless data networks. Long Term Evolution Advanced system introduces machine to machine (M2M) communication as an important part of realising the blueprint of smart cities. To bring M2M communication into reality, the access procedure is a key problem. Massive access requests on the air interface in M2M communication make the communication scenarios significantly different from the traditional communications, which challenges the cellular access mechanism greatly. In this paper, the challenges of applying M2M through Long Term Evolution Advanced system are discussed. We model the access on the air interface as a queuing system. The queuing theory indicates that the system is not stable when the occupation rate is high. The access performance of M2M is evaluated by system level simulation, which shows that the congestion on the air interface is very serious in some application cases. To ease the congestion on the air interface, this paper proposes a bundling transmission scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CANDi: context‐aware node discovery for short‐range cooperation
Authors: Alam Muhammad , Albano Michele , Radwan Ayman , Rodriguez Jonathan
Published: November 2013

Multi‐standard mobile devices are allowing users to enjoy higher data rates with ubiquitous connectivity. However, the benefits gained from multiple interfaces come at an expense—that being higher energy consumption in an era where mobile devices need to be energy compliant. One promising solution is the usage of short‐range cooperative communication as an overlay for infrastructure‐based networks taking advantage of its context information. However, the node discovery mechanism, which is pivotal to the bearer establishment process, still represents a major burden in terms of the total energy budget. In this paper, we propose a technology agnostic approach towards enhancing the MAC energy ratings by presenting a context‐aware node discovery (CANDi) algorithm, which provides a priori knowledge towards the node discovery mechanism by allowing it to search nodes in the near vicinity at the ‘right time and at the right place’. We describe the different beacons required for establishing the cooperation, as well as the context information required, including battery level, modes, location and so on. CANDi uses the long‐range network (WiMAX and WiFi) to distribute the context information about cooperative clusters (Ultra‐wideband‐based) in the vicinity. The searching nodes can use this context in locating the cooperative clusters/nodes, which facilitates the establishing of short‐range connections. Analytical and simulation results are obtained, and the energy saving gains are further demonstrated in the laboratory using a customised testbed. CANDi saves up to 50% energy during the node discovery process, while the demonstrative testbed shows up to 75% savings in the total energy budget, thus validating the algorithm, as well as providing viable evidence to support the usage of short‐range cooperative communications for energy savings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dentate gyrus mediates cognitive function in the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse model of down syndrome
Authors: Smith Genevieve K. , Kesner Raymond P. , Korenberg Julie R.
Published: November 2013

In the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), hippocampal deficits of learning and memory are the most robust features supporting this mouse as a valid cognitive model of DS. Although dentate gyrus (DG) dysfunction is suggested by excessive GABAergic inhibition, its role in perturbing DG functions in DS is unknown. We hypothesize that in the Ts65Dn/DnJ mouse, the specific role of the DG is disturbed in its support of contextual and spatial information. Support for this hypothesis comes from rats with DG lesions that show similar deficits. In order to test this hypothesis, we have developed a novel series of spontaneous exploratory tasks that emphasize the importance of recognizing spatial and contextual cues and that involve DG function. The results with this exploratory battery show that Ts65Dn/DnJ mice are impaired in DG‐dependent short‐term recognition tests involving object recognition with contextual cues, in place recognition and in metric distance recognition relative to wild type littermate controls. Further, whereas Ts65Dn/DnJ mice can recognize object novelty in the absence of contextual cues after a 5‐min delay, they cannot do so after a delay of 24 h, suggesting a problem with CA1‐mediated consolidation. The results also show that Ts65Dn/DnJ mice are not impaired in tasks (object recognition and configural object recognition) that are mediated by the perirhinal cortex (PRh). These results implicate the DG as a specific therapeutic target and the PRh as a potential therapeutic strength for future research to ameliorate learning and memory in DS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A REALIST EVALUATION OF THE PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES OF INFANT MASSAGE PROGRAMS
Authors: Underdown Angela , Norwood Rhonda , Barlow Jane
Published: November 2013

The sensitivity of early interactions conveyed through eye contact, voice tone, facial expression, and gentle touch plays a crucial role in healthy development. Recognition of the importance of parent–infant interaction for later attachment has underpinned the search for innovative ways of promoting sensitive parent–infant interaction. One such early intervention is infant massage, but a recent review found no evidence of its effectiveness in population samples. This points to the need to identify which parent–infant dyads are potentially able to benefit from such an intervention. This study aimed to identify the contextual factors and program mechanisms that were associated with different outcomes for a group of mother–infant dyads who attended infant massage programs. A Realist mixed‐methods research design was used to identify the context, mechanism, and outcome (CMO) patterns across a sample of 39 mother–infant dyads attending infant massage programs. A range of quantitative measures (Working Model of the Child Interview, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and video recordings of mother–infant interaction coded with the CARE‐Index) were administered pre‐ and post‐intervention, alongside qualitative observations and interviews with a range of stakeholders. Three key CMO patterns were identified. Women categorized as “low” risk on the whole showed no change in parent–infant interaction (i.e., because they were already in the adequate range) and limited change in levels of depression, irrespective of the quality of the program attended. Mothers who were categorized as being at “moderate” risk (i.e., they had one to two risk factors over and above their demographic risk) appeared to require “good” quality programs (seven or more program mechanisms) for change to occur. Mothers categorized as being at “high risk” showed no benefits irrespective of the quality of the program, and there was evidence of unresponsive mothers becoming more intrusive. These findings suggest that infant massage programs should be targeted at parents experiencing moderate problems in terms of parent–infant interaction, and that primary care professionals working in a range of settings need the skills to identify such compromised parenting to do this. High‐risk mothers appear unlikely to benefit from infant massage alone. Rigorous randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence is needed to test the hypotheses raised by this study.
A retrospective performance evaluation of an adenovirus real‐time PCR assay
Authors: Alsaleh Asma N. , Grimwood Keith , Sloots Theo P. , Whiley David M.
Published: November 2013

Human adenoviruses (AdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. To date, there are at least 60 known human AdV types and, as these exhibit high levels of genetic variation this could impact potentially upon their detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based technology. Here, the sensitivity of a pan‐AdV real‐time PCR assay (AdV‐PCR) used widely for testing clinical samples was determined retrospectively. An in silico analysis was performed initially using the 370 AdV sequences available on the Genbank database. To investigate for potential false‐negative results, two additional AdV‐PCR assays were used to re‐evaluate 779 respiratory samples submitted for virus testing and 1,012 nasal swab samples collected as part of an ongoing community‐based study. The results were then compared to those obtained by AdV‐PCR. In silico analysis showed the presence of mismatches in the AdV‐PCR primers and probe for most AdV sequences available on Genbank. Notably, 215 of the 370 (58%) sequences had at least three mismatches with the AdV‐PCR forward primer. Of the 779 clinical samples, 88 were identified as AdV‐positive, of which 84 were positive by the AdV‐PCR. The four samples providing false‐negative results in the AdV‐PCR had high cycle threshold values in the other methods suggesting that sampling at low load, rather than sequence variation, was responsible for the negative results. No false‐negative AdV‐PCR results were observed for the community‐based study samples. Reassuringly, the results show that despite the high level of sequence variation in the AdV‐PCR assay oligonucleotide targets, the assay remains suitable for routine detection of human AdV strains. J. Med. Virol. 86:795–801, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Raman study of a photochromic diarylethene molecule: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Boubekri R. , Yasukuni R. , Lau Truong S. , Grand J. , Perrier A. , Aubard J. , Maurel F.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the photochromic reaction of the 1,2‐bis(5′‐ethoxy‐2′‐(2″‐pyridyl) thiazolyl) compound (named DE) was studied by ultraviolet–visible absorption and various Raman spectroscopies associated with density functional theory calculations. To explain the growth of the visible absorption spectrum when the compound is irradiated with ultraviolet light, we suggest the existence of several conformations of the colored form. We also studied the vibrational spectroscopic properties of DE in different conditions such as powder, thin solid film, or in gold nanorods colloidal solutions. This compound is found photochromic in all these conditions. The theoretical Raman spectra of the open and closed forms reproduce fairly well the experimental data and help the complete assignment of the observed bands. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cleaning and sanitization agents on the surface characteristics of new and extended‐wear produce picking bins
Authors: Talbert Joey N , Seto Kayla , Cotter John , McLandsborough Lynne , Goddard Julie M
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Although surface characteristics of food contact materials are known to alter the efficacy of cleaning procedures there is a lack of data establishing how cleaning/sanitization practices affect the surface characteristics of materials used for produce handling on‐farm. The overall objective of this work was to characterize the effects of cleaning and sanitization procedures on the surface properties of new and extended‐wear polyethylene bins used for produce harvest and handling.

RESULTS

Compared to detergent cleaned samples, chlorine and quaternary ammonium sanitization resulted in a decrease in advancing contact angle from 100° to 88° and 59°, respectively, after 2 min exposure. However, changes in surface chemistry were not observed. Increasing sanitization time to 144 min (representative of 4320 sanitization cycles) resulted in an increase in contact angle to 73° for quaternary ammonium sanitization and a decrease in contact angle to 75° for chlorine sanitization. Abrasion increased contact angle hysteresis due to enhanced surface roughness. The hysteresis effect of abraded material was reduced with quaternary ammonium treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

This work indicates that sanitizing agents employed in on‐farm cleaning can alter the surface characteristics of polyethylene picking bins and should be considered in developing cleaning and sanitization procedures. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Dimension of images of subspaces under mappings in Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Hencl Stanislav , Honzík Petr
Published: November 2013

Let and let be a ‐quasicontinuous representative of a mapping in the Triebel‐Lizorkin space . We find an optimal value of such that for a.e. the Hausdorff dimension of is at most α. We construct examples to show that the value of β is optimal and we show that it does not increase once p goes below the critical value α.
Temperature Dependence of Polypropylene Configurations
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Yang Wenming , Yan Deyue , Liu Hong
Published: November 2013

The temperature dependence of the chain configurations of amorphous polypropylenes is investigated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The temperature gradient of the specific volume can be used to estimate the glass temperature of the amorphous polypropylene chain system. The dihedral distribution of the overall bonds of the amorphous polypropylene chain system at the various temperatures maintains the rotational isomeric state (RIS) scheme. The occurrence frequency of the isomeric state also can be used to locate the glass temperature. The average occurrence frequency of the trans or gauche states is almost unchanged below the glass temperature and the trans fraction decreases with increasing temperature above the glass temperature. The RIS calculations developed for an isolated chain conflicts with configurational parameters in amorphous bulk or melt state, although it is successful to explain the observation for the dilute and θ‐solution. The average molecular dimension of polypropylenes obtained by MD simulation is almost independence of temperature in amorphous bulk and melt, which is in agreement with the experimental observation.
Solutions for PDEs with constant coefficients and derivability of functions ranged in commutative algebras
Authors: Pogorui Anatoliy , Rodríguez‐Dagnino Ramón M. , Shapiro Michael
Published: November 2013

Given a PDE with real or complex partial derivatives and with constant coefficients, we propose a method of assigning to it a set of algebra‐valued functions in such a manner that the components of the latter are solutions of the PDE. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behavior of poly(amino acids) containing l‐cysteine and their block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) on gold surfaces
Authors: Obeid Rodolphe , Armstrong Tracy , Peng Xiaoju , Busse Karsten , Kressler Jörg , Scholz Carmen
Published: November 2013

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is often used to biocompatibilize surfaces of implantable biomedical devices. Here, block copolymers consisting of PEG and l‐cysteine‐containing poly(amino acid)s (PAA's) were synthesized as polymeric multianchor systems for the covalent attachment to gold surfaces or surfaces decorated with gold nanoparticles. Amino‐terminated PEG was used as macroinitiator in the ring‐opening polymerization, (ROP), of respective amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA's) of l‐cysteine (l‐Cys), l‐glutamate (l‐Glu), and l‐lysine (l‐Lys). The resulting block copolymers formed either diblock copolymers, PEG‐b‐p(l‐Glux‐co‐l‐Cysy) or triblock copolymers, PEG‐b‐p(l‐Glu)x‐b‐p(l‐Cys)y. The monomer feed ratio matches the actual copolymer composition, which, together with high yields and a low polydispersity, indicates that the NCA ROP follows a living mechanism. The l‐Cys repeat units act as anchors to the gold surface or the gold nanoparticles and the l‐Glu repeat units act as spacers for the reactive l‐Cys units. Surface analysis by atomic force microscopy revealed that all block copolymers formed homogenous and pin‐hole free surface coatings and the phase separation of mutually immiscible PEG and PAA blocks was observed. A different concept for the biocompatibilization of surfaces was followed when thiol‐terminated p(l‐Lys) homopolymer was first grafted to the surface and then covalently decorated with HOOC‐CH2‐PEG‐b‐p(Bz‐l‐Glu) polymeric micelles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 248–257
Calculation of response properties with the normalized elimination of the small component method
Authors: Filatov Michael , Zou Wenli , Cremer Dieter
Published: November 2013

The normalized elimination of the small component method is a first principles two‐component relativistic approach that leads to the Dirac‐exact description of one‐electron systems. Therefore, it is an ideal starting point for developing procedures, by which first‐ and second‐order response properties can be routinely calculated. We present algorithms and methods for the calculation of molecular response properties such as geometries, dipole moments, hyperfine structure constants, vibrational frequencies and force constants, electric polarizabilities, infrared intensities and so forth. The described formalisms are applied to molecules containing mercury and other heavy elements, which require a relativistic treatment. Perspectives for the future development and application of Dirac‐exact methods are outlined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
De Jure and De Facto Validity in the Logic of Time and Modality
Authors: Leuenberger Stephan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2013

What formulas are tense-logically valid depends on the structure of time, for example on whether it has a beginning. Logicians have investigatedwhat formulas correspond towhat physical hypotheses about time. Analogously, we can investigate what formulas of modal logic correspond to what metaphysical hypotheses about necessity. It is widely held that physical hypotheses about time may be contingent. If so, tense-logical validity may be contingent. In contrast, validity in modal logic is typically taken to be non-contingent, as reflected by the general acceptance of the so-called ‘‘rule of necessitation.’’ But as has been argued by various authors in recent years, metaphysical hypotheses may likewise be contingent. If, in particular, hypotheses about the extent of possibility are contingent, we should expect modal-logical validity to be contingent too. Let ‘‘contingentism’’ be the view that everything that is not ruled out by logic is possible. I shall investigate what the right system of modal logic is, if contingentism is true. Given plausible assumptions, the system contains the McKinsey principle, and is thus not even contained in S5. It also contains simple and elegant iteration principles for the contingency operator: something is contingent if and only if it is contingently contingent.
Testing the higgsino-singlino sector of the NMSSM with trileptons at the LHC
Authors: Ellwanger Ulrich
Published: November 2013

Abstract

We propose a simplified light higgsino-singlino scenario in the NMSSM, in which the masses of the chargino and the lightest neutralino determine the masses and couplings of all 3 lightest neutralinos. This scenario is complementary to the simplified wino-like chargino/neutralino scenario used conventionally for the interpretation of results from trilepton searches, and motivated by lower bounds on the gluino mass in the case of GUT relations between the wino and gluino masses. We present all masses and mixing angles necessary for the determination of production cross sections of the chargino and the 3 neutralinos in the form of tables in the
$ {M_{{\chi_1^0}}}-{M_{{\chi_1^{\pm }}}} $
plane, assuming Higgs mass motivated values for tan β = 2 and λ = 0.6. We show that this scenario leads to considerable signal rates, and present constraints in this plane from recent searches for trileptons at the LHC.
Higgs at last
Authors: Falkowski Adam , Riva Francesco , Urbano Alfredo
Published: November 2013

Abstract

We update the experimental constraints on the parameters of the Higgs effective Lagrangian. We combine the most recent LHC Higgs data in all available search channels with electroweak precision observables from SLC, LEP-1, LEP-2, and the Tevatron. Overall, the data are perfectly consistent with the 126 GeV particle being the Standard Model Higgs boson. The Higgs coupling to W and Z bosons relative to the Standard Model one is constrained in the range [0.98, 1.08] at 95% confidence level, independently of the values of other Higgs couplings. Higher-order Higgs couplings to electroweak gauge bosons are also well constrained by a combination of LHC Higgs data and electroweak precision tests.
Erythropoietin-induced acute erythroid leukemia-like picture
Authors: Moharram Laila , Kamal Nazmi , Sukhun Sana Al , Sughayer Maher A
Published: November 2013

A 31-year-old male patient presented with fever and pancytopenia. He was diagnosed as a case of chronic anemia since early childhood. The etiology of the anemia was not known. The patient was transfusion dependent, and he had been maintained on erythropoietin for three years prior to admission. A bone marrow examination revealed prominent proliferation of immature and dysplastic erythroid precursors. Acute erythroid leukemia of the pure erythroid subtype was suspected. However, because of the history of erythropoietin therapy a definite diagnosis was not made. On follow-up one month later, the marrow changes had reversed to normal.
Revisiting the framework of the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria
Authors: Carrillo Maria C. , Dean Robert A. , Nicolas François , Miller David S. , Berman Robert , Khachaturian Zaven , Bain Lisa J. , Schindler Rachel , Knopman David
Published: November 2013

In 2011, the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) proposed revising the criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which had been established more than 25 years earlier by the National Institute on Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA), now called the Alzheimer's Association. The NIA‐AA initiative also built upon research criteria for AD proposed by the International Working Group (IWG) in 2007 and updated in 2010. These efforts to revise the criteria reflect the need to improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate clinical trials, and establish a common set of criteria that are universally accepted across domains of clinical practice, research, and drug development. To ensure that the proposed NIA‐AA criteria remain as current as possible, the Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened a meeting in Washington, DC, on October 1 and 2, 2012, bringing together international stakeholders from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies to identify areas of agreement and research gaps respective of NIA‐AA criteria and IWG recommendations.
Effect of Caffeine Intake on Finger Cold-Induced Vasodilation
Authors: Jo Kim Byeong , Seo Yongsuk , Kim Jung-Hyun , Taek Lee Dae
Published: November 2013

Objective

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of caffeine intake on finger cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD).

Methods

Ten healthy men underwent 6 experimental trials characterized by control (NCAFF) or caffeine intake (CAFF) via chewing gum (300 mg of caffeine) while resting on a chair or performing submaximal (70% maximal oxygen consumption) or maximal (100% maximal oxygen consumption) treadmill exercise (Bruce protocol) followed by immersion of the middle finger in a water bath (5°C) for 20 minutes. Finger temperature (Tf ) and time parameters of the first CIVD cycle and post-test norepinephrine were measured.

Results

Exercise duration for submaximal and maximal exercise was 8.9 ± 0.9 and 12.4 ± 0.8 minutes, respectively. CAFF had no effect on Tf, but exercise increased minimal Tf in NCAFF (9.08 ± 1.27°C, 13.02 ± 2.13°C, and 13.25 ± 1.63°C in rest, submaximal, and maximal exercise, respectively) and CAFF (8.76 ± 1.39°C, 12.50 ± 1.91°C, and 12.79 ± 1.20°C). Maximal Tf was significantly higher in NCAFF (15.98 ± 1.04°C, 16.18 ± 1.56°C, and 15.14 ± 1.52°C) than in CAFF (13.56 ± 1.19°C, 15.52 ± 1.31°C, and 14.39 ± 1.43°C), resulting in a significant difference between minimal and maximal Tf in rest (NCAFF, 6.89 ± 1.56°C and CAFF, 4.79 ± 1.23°C), but not in exercise conditions. CAFF had no effect on CIVD time responses, but exercise significantly shortened CIVD onset and peak time compared with rest in both NCAFF and CAFF. Norepinephrine concentration was significantly greater in CAFF (290.6 ± 113.0 pg/mL, 278.1 ± 91.4 pg/mL, and 399.8 ± 125.5 pg/mL) than NCAFF (105.6 ± 29.5 pg/mL, 199.6 ± 89.6 pg/mL, and 361.5 ± 171.3 pg/mL).

Conclusions

Caffeine intake before finger immersion in cold water does not result in a thermogenic effect and adversely affects CIVD responses, whereas exercise modifies CIVD temperature and time responses.
Scattering of SH Waves by a Truncated Semi-Elliptic Canyon
Authors: Hsu M.-S. , Tsaur D.-H.
Published: November 2013

In this study, the region-point-matching technique (RPMT) is applied to examine the scattering problem of truncated semi-elliptic canyons under plane SH-wave excitation. The partition of the entire analyzed region into two subregions is carried out via an introduction of the elliptic-arc auxiliary boundary. Taking advantage of appropriate wavefunctions in elliptic coordinates, the expression of antiplane motions for each subregion can be obtained. To accomplish the indispensable coordinate shift, thecoordinate-transformed relation, intended as a substitute for the addition theorem involving Mathieu functions, is well utilized. Integration of thecoordinate-transformed relationinto the RPMT brings about the rapid construction of simultaneous equations. Effects of pertinent parameters on steady-state and transient surface motions are demonstrated. Computed results show that, for horizontal incidence, the potential high level of ground shaking may occur near the illuminated upper corner of the canyon. In such a small localized region, due to the occurrence of constructive interference between the reflected waves from the horizontal ground surface and the scattered waves from the corners of the canyon, the peak amplifaction may be at least two times that of free-field response.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Microscale Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beams using the Most General form of Strain Gradient Elasticity
Authors: Ansari R. , Shojaei M. Faghih , Mohammadi V. , Gholami R. , Rouhi H.
Published: November 2013

Based on the Timoshenko beam model, the nonlinear vibration of microbeams made of functionally graded (FG) materials is investigated under different boundary conditions. To consider small scale effects, the model is developed based on the most general form of strain gradient elasticity. The nonlinear governing equations and boundary conditions are derived via Hamilton's principle and then discretized using the generalized differential quadrature technique. A pseudo-Galerkin approach is used to reduce the set of discretized governing equations into a time-varying set of ordinary differential equations of Duffing-type. The harmonic balance method in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method is also applied so as to solve the problem in time domain. The effects of boundary conditions, length scale parameters, material gradient index and geometrical parameters are studied. It is found that the importance of the small length scale is affected by the type of boundary conditions and vibration mode. Also, it is revealed that the classical theory tends to underestimate the vibration amplitude and linear frequency of FG microbeams.
Assessment of the Shock-Absorption Performance of a High Capacity Suspension System by Neural Networks
Authors: Lee Y.-W.
Published: November 2013

The objective of this study is to develop a framework using nonlinear autoregressive model process with exogenous inputs (NARX) neural networks (NNs) to identify the dynamic hysteresis of high load capacity suspension systems. Here, a vertical excitation test is used to simulate various terrains at an oscillation frequency range from 0.1Hz to 10Hz by using NARX NNs. The model results are in good agreement with suspension component oscillation responses that manifest as variations in model order selection as the excitation frequency approaches 7Hz. Furthermore, mapping the models into generalized frequency response functions (GFRFs), elucidates any unanticipated couplings between surroundings and mechanical hysteresis within the suspension. The proposed approach's systematic design procedure is advantageous because it provides a cost-efficient method that achieves precise identification of online data.
Effect of Dielectric-Layer on the Stress Field of Micro Cantilever Beams at the Onset of Pull-In Instability
Authors: Yazdanpanahi E. , Noghrehabadi A. , Ghalambaz M.
Published: November 2013

In this paper, stress distribution of micro cantilever beams in the presence of a dielectric-layer is studied using an analytic method. The Modified Adomian Decomposition Method (MADM) is applied to obtain a semi-analytical solution for a distributed parameter model of the micro cantilever beam. The important parameters for designing and manufacturing micro-actuators such as shear force, bending moment and stress distribution along the cantilevers are computed for different values of the dielectric-layer parameter. The results of MADM are compared with the numerical results, and they found in good agreement. It is found that increase of the dielectric-layer parameter increases the dimensionless pull-in voltage, tip deflection, internal stress and bending moment of the micro cantilever actuators at the onset of pull-in instability.