bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OGC P54 Catastrophic dumping after gastrectomy in a patient with absent pituitary treated with octreotide – case report
Authors: Adnan Patel Ebrahim , Jain Anchal , Bennett John , Roberts Geoffrey
Published: November 2023

Background

Gastrectomy results in a profound change in appetite, satiety and response to food. Most people will adapt and manage to maintain adequate enteral nutrition, however severe symptoms can hamper quality of life. Early dumping, defined as noxious symptoms occurring within an hour of food, arises due to a combination of vastly increased satiety gut hormone secretion and fluid shifts. Late dumping (reactive hypoglycaemia) occurs due to enhanced post-prandial incretin hormone secretion. We present a case of severe dumping in a patient with absent pituitary treated with the global counter-regulatory hormone octreotide.

Methods

A 71-year-old patient with absent pituitary underwent total gastrectomy and oesophago-jejunal anastomosis for a greater curve gastric adenocarcinoma. Post-operatively, the patient developed an overall aversion to eating along with significant nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal fullness, and tachycardia. Anti-emetics including droperidol, metoclopramide, and haloperidol yielded limited response. NJ feeding also triggered symptoms and was stopped. Parenteral nutrition was the principal source of diet. A trial of a somatostatin analogue, octreotide, resulted in significant improvement of patient symptoms. A dose increase and then conversion to monthly lanreotide was tolerated well resulting in complete resolution of symptoms and no side effects.

Results

The pituitary gland and hypothalamus are central to regulating appetite and satiety through complex signalling pathways. Hormone signals, including GLP-1, GIP, PYY and ghrelin act on central circuits within the hypothalamus to modulate intake, gastric emptying, and satiety. With an absent pituitary, these hormonal signalling pathways including somatostatin are disrupted. Octreotide therapy likely works through a combination of central suppression of gut hormone signalling as well as peripheral reduction in gut hormone secretion.

Conclusions

Dumping syndrome is a multifactorial, quality of life limiting consequence of upper GI resection. In patients with altered central appetite control circuitry the symptoms may be so severe as to prevent any enteral intake, including via NJ tube. Interestingly, considering this an endocrinology problem and acting to suppress all hormonal signalling with octreotide had immediate and enduring success in the presented case. This may represent a route for management of patients with significant dumping symptoms and nutritional compromise after gastrectomy or oesophagectomy.
OGC P61 Audit of diagnosis and treatment of early pneumonia after elective oesophagogastric resections
Authors: Gupta Ayushi , Gudal Ahmad , Miah Mujahidul , Soares Ana , Pollara Gabriele , Dawas Khaled
Published: November 2023

Background

Respiratory complications after oesophagogastric (OG) cancer surgery are common and present as some of the most severe. Post-operative respiratory complications reduce disease free and overall survival. Incorrect use of antibiotics can have negative outcomes. Are the diagnosis criteria clear and do such patients receive the correct management?

This audit assesses diagnoses of pneumonia against the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria and antibiotic choice against National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines in a regional OG cancer surgery centre (which may be replicated in many other OG centres).

Methods

We examined records of 109 patients who underwent elective OG surgery at University College Hospital London between July 2021 and June 2022. The post-operative period was defined as 7 days from the initial operation.

Results

30.2% of all patients were treated with antibiotics for pneumonia in the post-operative period. 42.4% of these patients had a sputum sample taken at the time of clinical suspicion of pneumonia, and 42.8% of these grew one or more relevant organisms. 69.7% of treated patients were prescribed a NICE-approved antibiotic.

17.4% of all patients developed pneumonia per the US CDC criteria and these patients had a longer stay in ICU (10.6 days compared to 5.3 days) and hospital (29.4 days compared to 14.3 days) than those who did not. 30-day mortality rate was 0% in this group.

Conclusions

This audit identified variability in diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing in post-operative pneumoniae. Sputum analysis was used inconsistently to diagnose and guide antibiotic therapies; cultures were often taken after antimicrobials were initiated, with patients treated symptomatically rather than based on microbiology results.

Recommendations following this audit comprised; the use of CDC criteria to promote accurate diagnosis in the post-operative period, and regular multidisciplinary review of antibiotic agents prescribed to ensure appropriate targeted treatment.
OGC P63 The Influence of PET-CT on the Therapeutic Pathway of Oesophageal and Oesophago-Gastric Junction Cancers. A Clinical Audit in a High Volume UGI Cancer Unit in the UK
Authors: Rizkallah Nayer , Abushawaly Amr , Johnson Angel , Clarke Simone , Yanni Fady
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with oesophageal and oesophago-gastric Junction (OGJ) cancers require accurate staging to decide on intent of treatment (curative or palliative). The literature reported higher accuracy (82% vs. 64%, P = 0.004) and sensitivity (74% vs. 47%) for PET-CT when compared to CT for detecting distant disease. Consequently, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends PET-CT for all oesophageal and GOJ cancers except T1a tumors. This audit investigated how PET-CT affected the treatment plan of oesophageal and OGJ cancer patients and its impact on MDT decisions and patients’ waiting time before first treatment is started.

Methods

Retrospective data collection from our institutional electronic database for all oesophageal and OGJ cancer patients that had undergone PET-CT as part of cancer staging in the last 9 months. Data collected was basic demographics, waiting time for PET-CT and discrepancy between CT and PET-CT in finding distant metastasis or other incidental findings. The influence of this on the MDT outcomes was investigated and the delay in cancer treatment secondary to further investigations was recorded.

Results

A total of 44 oesophageal and OGJ cancer patients had staging PET-CT. Out of 44 patients, 33 (75%) were males. The average age was 67 (45-85) years. Average waiting time for PET-CT was 17(1-57) days. Fourteen (32%) patients had discrepancy between CT and PET-CT. In Group A, 5 (11%) patients, PET-CT reported distant metastasis. In Group B, 9 (20%) patients, PET-CT detected active uptake in colon (n=4), cervical LNs (n=2), thyroid (n=1), tonsils & prostate (n=1) and spine (n=1). Further investigations (endoscopy, ultrasound, biopsy etc.) added a delay with an average of 15 (1-28) days.

Conclusions

It is proven that PET-CT is essential in staging non metastatic oesophageal and OGJ cancers. It is important for MDTs to be vigilant that PET-CT can delay the start of first treatment for those patients by picking up non UGI cancer related pathology. This initiates a cohort of further investigations, creating some delay. Therefore, timely PET-CT scanning and reporting is recommended e.g during pre-MDT referral triage meetings. Selecting patients for PET-CT may also be helpful based on accurate CT reporting of cancer TNM stage.
OGC P68 Surgical performance of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy is associated with patient outcome on a national level - A video assessment study
Authors: Ketel Mirte , Klarenbeek Bastiaan , Abma Inger , van Det Marc , van Esser Stijn , Law Simon , de Steur Wobbe , Sosef Meindert , Wijnhoven Bas , Hannink Gerjon , Rosman Camiel , van Workum Frans
Published: November 2023

Background

It is highly likely that suboptimal surgical performance is associated with less favorable patient outcomes in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Establishing this association can lead to programs that promote better surgical performance of MIE and improve patient outcomes.

Methods

In this nationwide cohort study, 7 blinded expert MIE surgeons assessed performance of surgical videos of MIE performed in 2022, using a previously developed and validated competency assessment tool (CAT), the MIE-CAT. Hospitals were divided into quartiles based on their MIE-CAT score. Patient outcomes of 2021-2022 registered in the Dutch Upper-GI Clinical Audit were compared between highest (top 25%) and lowest (bottom 25%) performing quartiles. Multilevel logistic regression, with clustering of patients within hospitals was used to analyze associations between performance and outcomes, and to correct for casemix. Primary outcome parameter was severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo≥3) within 30 days after surgery.

Results

MIE-CAT scores ranged from range 93.9-118.8. In total, 970 patients were included. Severe postoperative complications occurred in 18.7% (n=41/219) in the highest performing quartile versus 39.2% (n=40/102) in the lowest performing quartile (RR=0.50, 95%CI 0.24-0.99). Moreover, there were less conversions (1.8% versus 8.9%, RR=0.21, 95%CI 0.21-0.21), less peroperative complications (2.7% versus 7.8%, RR=0.21, 95%CI 0.04-0.94) and overall less postoperative complications (46.1% versus 65.7%, RR=0.54, 95%CI 0.24-0.96). Oncological outcomes R0 resection and lymph node yield increased with oncologic specific-performance scores (e.g. hiatus dissection/thoracic esophagus dissection and abdominal/thoracic lymph node dissection respectively). ). A strong association between high anastomotic-phase score and a lower anastomotic leakage rate was observed (4.6% versus 17.7%, RR=0.14, 95%CI 0.06-0.31).

Conclusions

Better surgical performance was associated with decreased perioperative complications and better oncological outcome for esophageal cancer patients undergoing MIE. If surgical performance of MIE can be improved, significantly better patient outcomes may be possible.
OGC P69 Omentectomy as part of radical surgery for gastric cancer: results of a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Keywani K , Borgstein A B J , Boerma D , van Esser S , Eshuis W J , van Berge Henegouwen M I , Gisbertz S S
Published: November 2023

Background

Omentectomy is routinely performed in patients with gastric cancer as part of sub(total) gastrectomy with modified D2 lymphadenectomy. However, there is little evidence for a survival benefit of omentectomy. This study investigated both the prevalence of metastases in the greater omentum and the survival prognosis for patients afflicted with such omental involvement.

Methods

This was a multicenter prospective cohort study (OMEGA study) of consecutive patients with gastric cancer undergoing (sub)total gastrectomy with complete en bloc omentectomy and modified D2 lymphadenectomy. After resection, the omentum was separated from the gastrectomy specimen distal to the gastroepiploic vessels and sent separately for pathological examination. The main endpoints were the presence of metastases in the greater omentum and the 5-year overall survival of patients with omental metastases. Pathological factors associated with locoregional recurrence and/or metastases were tested with multivariable regression analysis.

Results

Of 100 included patients, five had metastases in the greater omentum. All five patients had advanced tumors and microscopically non radical resection (R1). Metastases in the greater omentum correlated significantly with a microscopically non-radical resection, tumour expansion in the oesophagus or duodenum, linitis plastica or a proximal gastric tumour with diameter of at least 5 cm, stage III-IV disease and (y)pM1 category. Five-year overall survival was 0.0% in patients with omental metastases and 44.2% in patients without omental metastases (p=0.001). Median overall survival was seven months in patients with omental metastases and 53 months in patients without omental metastases.

Conclusions

The incidence of metastases in the greater omentum is low, and when present, it is associated with advanced and unresectable disease with impaired overall survival. Omentectomy as part of radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer may not contribute to survival benefit in cases of undetected omental metastases and may therefore be omitted. Our forthcoming randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the non-inferiority of omentum preservation as compared to omentectomy in terms of 3-year overall survival.
OGC V02 Linear Stapler Technique for Oesophagogastric Anastomosis during a RAMIE: A Demonstration of Tips, Tricks, and Challenges
Authors: Salem Riadh , Sgromo Bruno
Published: November 2023

Background

Minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) has gained popularity as a preferred surgical approach for treating oesophageal cancer. Our unit has been performing MIOs for the past 5 years, and more recently, we have adopted robotic assisted minimally invasive oesophagectomy (RAMIE). Our preferred method for creating an anastomosis involves using linear staplers to create a side-to-side anastomosis, followed by suturing to close the enterotomy. In this video, we demonstrate our anastomosis technique during a RAMIE, providing tips and highlighting challenges that may arise during the procedure.

Methods

An oesophagotomy is created on the medial side of the staple line. 32Fr orogastric tube is passed to ensure adequate enterotomy. After positioning of the gastric conduit, a gastrotomy is made anteriorly and 3cm from the tip of the conduit. Full thickness sutures are placed at the 12, 6 and 3 o’clock positions on the oesophagotomy and gastronomy. This will insure proper alignment and the overlap of 3cm allowing for side-to-side anastomosis. The cartridge of the stapler is introduced into the conduit and the anvil into the oesophagotomy. The remaining enterotomy is closed using two V-lock sutures.

Results

The linear stapler oesophagogastric anastomosis is a viable option due to its various advantages. Firstly, it is easy to learn, making it accessible to surgeons of different skill levels. Additionally, it is reproducible, ensuring consistent results across different cases. Compared to circular or handsewn techniques, the linear stapler technique involves fewer surgical steps, saving time and reducing complexity and the literature indicates similar leak rate compared to other techniques. Moreover, the stricture rate is likely lower with this technique, although other factors may also contribute to this outcome.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the linear stapler technique for oesophagogastric anastomosis in MIOs and RAMIEs offers several advantages. It is easy to learn, reproducible, and saves time by involving fewer surgical steps. The leak rate is comparable to other techniques, and the stricture rate is likely lower.
Longitudinal evolution of diffusion metrics after left hemisphere ischaemic stroke
Authors: Boucher Johémie , Marcotte Karine , Bedetti Christophe , Houzé Bérengère , Descoteaux Maxime , Brisebois Amélie , García Alberto Osa , Rochon Elizabeth , Leonard Carol , Desautels Alex , Brambati Simona M
Published: November 2023

White matter is often severely affected after human ischaemic stroke. While animal studies have suggested that various factors may contribute to white matter structural damage after ischaemic stroke, the characterization of damaging processes to the affected hemisphere after human stroke remains poorly understood. Thus, the present study aims to thoroughly describe the longitudinal pattern of evolution of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging metrics in different parts of the ipsilesional white matter after stroke. We acquired diffusion and anatomical images in 17 patients who had suffered from a single left hemisphere ischaemic stroke, at 24–72 h, 8–14 days and 6 months post-stroke. For each patient, we created three regions of interest: (i) the white matter lesion; (ii) the perilesional white matter; and (iii) the remaining white matter of the left hemisphere. We extracted diffusion metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivities) for each region and conducted two-way repeated measures ANOVAs with stage post-stroke (acute, subacute and chronic) × regions of interest (white matter lesion, perilesional white matter and remaining white matter). Fractional anisotropy values stayed consistent across time-points, with significantly lower values in the white matter lesion compared to the perilesional white matter and remaining white matter tissue. Fractional anisotropy values of the perilesional white matter were also significantly lower than that of the remaining white matter. Mean, axial and radial diffusivities in the white matter lesion were all decreased in the acute stage compared to perilesional white matter and remaining white matter, but significantly increased in both the subacute and chronic stages. Significant increases in mean and radial diffusivities in the perilesional white matter were seen in the later stages of stroke. Our findings suggest that various physiological processes are at play in the acute, subacute and chronic stages following ischaemic stroke, with the infarct territory and perilesional white matter affected by ischaemia at different rates and to different extents throughout the stroke recovery stages. The examination of multiple diffusivity metrics may inform us about the mechanisms occurring at different time-points, i.e. focal swelling, axonal damage or myelin loss.
Cardioneuroablation for the treatment of ictal-associated cardiac asystole: case report and literature review
Authors: Tan Jian Liang , Markman Timothy M , Santangeli Pasquale , Hyman Matthew C
Published: November 2023

Background

Ictal-associated bradyarrhythmia or asystole can be a manifestation of malignant seizure syndromes. In patients with ictal-associated hypervagotonia and asystole, cardioneuroablation may provide a promising alternative to permanent pacemaker implantation.

Case summary

We present a case of a 47-year-old female with a 1.5-year history of ongoing uncontrolled seizures with multiple semiologies despite multiple antiepileptic drugs who had episodes of symptomatic severe sinus bradycardia (15–30 b.p.m.) and sinus pauses (15–16 s). She underwent a successful cardioneuroablation for ictal-induced asystole with complete resolution of bradyarrhythmias.

Discussion

This case highlights the utility of cardioneuroablation in patient with ictal-induced cardiac bradyarrhythmia and asystole. Cardioneuroablation may be an approach to avoid permanent pacemakers in this population.
Development of virus-induced genome editing methods in Solanaceous crops
Authors: Lee Seo-Young , Kang Bomi , Venkatesh Jelli , Lee Joung-Ho , Lee Seyoung , Kim Jung-Min , Back Seungki , Kwon Jin-Kyung , Kang Byoung-Cheorl
Published: November 2023

Genome editing (GE) using CRISPR/Cas systems has revolutionized plant mutagenesis. However, conventional transgene-mediated GE methods have limitations due to the time-consuming generation of stable transgenic lines expressing the Cas9/single guide RNA (sgRNA) module through tissue cultures. Virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) systems have been successfully employed in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana spp. In this study, we developed two VIGE methods for Solanaceous plants. First, we used the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector to deliver sgRNAs into a transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line of cultivar Micro-Tom expressing Cas9. Second, we devised a transgene-free GE method based on a potato virus X (PVX) vector to deliver Cas9 and sgRNAs. We designed and cloned sgRNAs targeting Phytoene desaturase in the VIGE vectors and determined optimal conditions for VIGE. We evaluated VIGE efficiency through deep sequencing of the target gene after viral vector inoculation, detecting 40.3% and 36.5% mutation rates for TRV- and PVX-mediated GE, respectively. To improve editing efficiency, we applied a 37°C heat treatment, which increased the editing efficiency by 33% to 46% and 56% to 76% for TRV- and PVX-mediated VIGE, respectively. To obtain edited plants, we subjected inoculated cotyledons to tissue culture, yielding successful editing events. We also demonstrated that PVX-mediated GE can be applied to other Solanaceous crops, such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena). These simple and highly efficient VIGE methods have great potential for generating genome-edited plants in Solanaceous crops.
Two transcription factors, AcREM14 and AcC3H1, enhance the resistance of kiwifruit Actinidia
chinensis var. chinensis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Authors: Zhao Chao , Liu Wei , Zhang Yali , Li Yuanzhe , Ma Chao , Tian Runze , Li Rui , Li Mingjun , Huang Lili
Published: November 2023

Kiwifruit bacterial canker is a global disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which poses a major threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. Despite the economic importance of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, only a few resistant varieties have been identified to date. In this study, we screened 44 kiwifruit F1 hybrid lines derived from a cross between two A. chinensis var. chinensis lines and identified two offspring with distinct resistance to Psa: resistant offspring RH12 and susceptible offspring SH14. To identify traits associated with resistance, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of these two lines. We identified several highly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with flavonoid synthesis, pathogen interactions, and hormone signaling pathways, which play essential roles in disease resistance. Additionally, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified six core transcription factors. Moreover, qRT–PCR results demonstrated the high expression of AcC3H1 and AcREM14 in Psa-induced highly resistant hybrid lines. Ultimately, Overexpression of AcC3H1 and AcREM14 in kiwifruit enhanced disease resistance, and this was associated with upregulation of enzymatic activity and gene expression in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Our study elucidates a molecular mechanism underlying disease resistance in kiwifruit and contributes to the advancement of research on kiwifruit breeding.
Entrants heterogeneity, pre-entry knowledge, and the target industry context: a taxonomy and a framework
Authors: Cattani Gino , Fontana Roberto , Malerba Franco
Published: November 2023

This paper advances a general and unified framework to explain the patterns of entry in an industry. The specificity of a type of entrant is examined based on the match between the entrant’s prior experience, in terms of knowledge endowment, and the target industry context. The knowledge endowment is analyzed by focusing on its content—market, technological, organizational, and scientific—and its generic and specific nature. The target industry context is examined by looking at four basic dimensions: the stage of development of the target industry (the time dimension); the specific technological regime and related innovation patterns (the technological dimension); the demand regime (the demand dimension); and the institutional regime (the institutional dimension). These dimensions moderate the matching between the knowledge endowment of the type of entrants and the features of the industrial contexts. Our newly proposed taxonomy offers a more systematic and nuanced explanation of how the complex relationship between pre-entry experience and knowledge, entrants and the chosen target industry evolves over time.
Research on the anti-aging efficacy of fermented lysate VHProbi® MixA as the functional skincare ingredient
Authors: Cui Hongchang , Feng Congrui , Guo Chaoqun , Bu Xinping , Li Xinping , Zhang Tao , Cheng Sidao , Duan Zhi
Published: November 2023

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a cream containing VHProbi® MixA for improving skin aging.

Methods and results

In vitro studies demonstrated that the lysate produced from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E12 (E12) exhibited immunoregulatory effects in a 3D skin model, with significant reductions in levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8 (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, the lysate of E12 mitigated the hydrogen peroxide-induced mortality of 3D skin cells and enhanced the transepithelial electrical resistance to show significant differences in comparison with control (P < 0.05), suggesting favorable antioxidant effects. The antioxidant capacity of the lysate of E12 was also confirmed using the Caenorhabditis elegans N2 model. C. elegans N2 fed the E12 strain showed a significantly higher % survival than those fed Escherichia coli OP50 (P < 0.05). Subsequently, VHProbi® MixA was formulated using the fermented lysates of E12, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E15, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri E18. In a clinical study to ascertain if a cream containing VHProbi® MixA could improve the skin aging trends, participants were asked to use the investigational products for 60 days, and six indicators, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, skin texture (roughness), and pores were measured at baseline and the endpoint of the study. A self-evaluation questionnaire analysis was also provided. TEWL, wrinkles, skin texture, and thickness of pores decreased significantly after treatment with the cream for 60 days (P < 0.01), whereas hydration and elasticity increased significantly (P < 0.01), in comparison to the baseline measurements.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that the use of the cream containing VHProbi® MixA could be favorable for skin anti-aging management.
Non-original car spare parts and trade mark infringement: is there no room for referential use? The AG Opinion in C-334/22 Audi
Authors: Żelechowski Łukasz
Published: November 2023

In her Opinion in C-334/22 Audi, Advocate General (AG) Medina found that provisions of the EU trade mark law must be interpreted as meaning that an element placed on a non-original automotive spare part (radiator grille) for fitting the original mark of the car manufacturer would not constitute ‘use of a sign in the course of trade’. She ruled out, however, the possibility of relying on the referential use limitation in such circumstances. This gives rise to concerns that the AG’s Opinion construes the scope of the referential use limitation too narrowly. The author submits that the AUDI case, which is now to be decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), calls for attributing greater relevance to the catalogue of limitations and exceptions to exclusive trade mark rights, notably the referential use limitation. Moreover, a recalibration of the approach towards the 'honest practices' clause, which serves as a filter for all limitations and exceptions under EU trade mark law, is also needed in the context of non-original spare parts.
Race/Ethnicity Inequities in the Association Between Movement Behaviors and Suicidal Thoughts/Ideation Among Adolescents
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Duncan Markus Joseph , Kuzik Nicholas , Tremblay Mark S
Published: November 2023

Objective

We aimed to analyze the associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep), independently and jointly, and suicidal thoughts/ideation among Brazilian adolescents according to race/ethnicity.

Methods

This cross-sectional study surveyed 4,081 adolescents aged 15–19 years (49.9% females) across all Brazilian geographic regions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Within the sample, 31.0% (n = 1,264) self-reported as White and 69.0% (n = 2,817) as Black. Adolescents who declared one or more times/week suicidal thoughts/ideation were considered as a risk group. Accruing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during leisure time, reduced recreational screen time, and good sleep quality were the exposures investigated. We evaluated both additive and multiplicative interactions between race/ethnicity and movement behaviors. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR), marginal means effects, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

Black adolescents who met 1 (OR: 0.34; [95% CI: 0.22–0.52]), 2 (OR: 0.17 [0.11–0.27]), or 3 (OR: 0.13 [0.07–0.26]), and White adolescents who met 1 (OR: 0.35 [0.21–0.57]), 2 (OR: 0.14 [0.08–0.26]), or 3 (OR: 0.11 [0.04–0.31]) of the movement behavior targets had lower odds of suicidal thoughts/ideation than Black adolescents who did not meet any of the movement behavior targets. Black adolescents who did not meet any of the movement behavior targets had higher suicidal thoughts/ideation odds than the other adolescent’s groups.

Conclusions

We identified an inverse association between meeting individuals and combinations of movement behavior targets with suicidal thoughts/ideation. Among Black adolescents who did not meet any targets, these associations were more evident.
Saving Oneself Through Labor: Disabled Workers and Social Welfare Production in Southwest China, 1956–65
Authors: Zhang Jinghong
Published: November 2023

This article examines the organization of social welfare production work (shehui fuli shengchan gongzuo) in China’s southwest Sichuan province from 1956 to 1965, with a focus on the marginalized experience of disabled workers during and after the Great Leap Forward Campaign (1958–62). Utilizing unexamined state archives, local gazetteers, and newspaper publications, the study traces how disabled workers were incorporated into or excluded from the campaign and their survival strategies after its derailment. During the Great Leap Forward, a campaign that aimed to rapidly industrialize China and accelerate developmental timelines, disabled workers were mobilized into collective production for the first time in the People’s Republic of China. When the industrial labor force needed to shrink, however, these once-mobilized disabled workers were marginalized and excluded from the state production system and instead resorted to heterodox forms of labor not officially recognized by the Communist state. The article argues that the tension between disabled workers and the Chinese Communist state, intensified by poor economic conditions, stemmed from the marginalization of disabled individuals with limited productivity in the state’s idealized vision of productive labor. By uncovering the interplay between disability, labor mobilization, and state ideology, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the social and economic dynamics during the Great Leap Forward era.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: the role of the environment in AGN triggering
Authors: Rembold Sandro B , Riffel Rogério , Riffel Rogemar A , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa , Schimoia Jaderson da S , Valk Greique A , Lorenzoni Vanessa , Ilha Gabriele S , da Costa Luiz N
Published: November 2023

The large- and small-scale environments around optically-selected AGN host galaxies and a control sample of non-active galaxies in the MaNGA survey have been investigated in order to evaluate the importance of the environment in AGN triggering. Using the MaNGA integral field spectroscopy, we quantify non-circular motions of the ionized gas and detect an excess of radial gas motions in AGN hosts relative to control galaxies, not associated to AGN feedback and are most likely the result of tidal interactions, possibly associated with the triggering of the AGN. We find that the large-scale environments are similar for the AGN hosts and control galaxies in our sample and are biased towards lower large-scale densities and group virial masses, suggestive that the large-scale environment properties is only relevant to the AGN phenomenon in an indirect way, in the form, e.g. of the morphology-density relation. The small-scale environment, as measured by the frequency and luminosity of close neighbours, was also found to be similar for AGN and control galaxies. However, we find a correlation between the intensity of the non-circular gas motions in AGN hosts and the strength of the tidal field, while the control sample does not present such correlation. Also, AGN hosts with the most intense radial gas motions present larger tidal fields than their control galaxies. These findings indicate that at least a fraction of the AGN hosts in our sample have been triggered by tidal interactions with nearby galaxies.
LTBK-06. IMPACT OF VORASIDENIB TREATMENT ON MUTANT IDH1 OR IDH2 DIFFUSE GLIOMA TUMOR GROWTH RATE: RESULTS FROM THE RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PHASE 3 INDIGO STUDY
Authors: Wen Patrick , Mellinghoff Ingo , van den Bent Martin , Blumenthal Deborah , Touat Mehdi , Peters Katherine , Clarke Jennifer , Mendez Joe , Yust-Katz Shlomit , Mason Warren , Ducray Francois , Umemura Yoshie , Nabors L Burt , Holdhoff Matthias , Hottinger Andreas , Arakawa Yoshiki , Sepúlveda Juan , Wick Wolfgang , Soffietti Riccardo , Perry James , Giglio Pierre , de la Fuente Macarena , Maher Elizabeth , Zhao Dan , Pandya Shuchi , Steelman Lori , Hassan Islam , Cloughesy Timothy , Ellingson Benjamin
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

The INDIGO study (NCT04164901) showed that vorasidenib, an oral, brain-penetrant, dual inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) 1/2, significantly improved imaging-based progression-free survival and time-to-next-intervention compared with placebo in patients with grade 2 mIDH1/2 glioma previously treated with surgery only. Given the limitations of traditional bi-dimensional measurements, evaluating volumetry and tumor growth rate (TGR) is an additional method of measuring treatment effect in these diffuse growing tumors.

METHODS

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed at baseline and every 12 weeks on-treatment; up to three pre-treatment MRI scans were requested when available. Tumor volumes were derived per blinded independent review committee using a semi-automated approach. TGR was defined as percentage change in tumor volume every 6 months. Patients with evaluable baseline and ≥ 1 MRI during the corresponding period were included in the analysis. The difference in TGR in each arm was assessed by slope of tumor growth over time using a linear mixed model.

RESULTS

331 patients were randomized to vorasidenib (n=168) or placebo (n=163). Median follow-up was 14.2 months. On-treatment TGR was −2.5% (95% CI, −4.7, −0.2) with vorasidenib (n=167) and 13.9% (95% CI, 11.1, 16.8) with placebo (n=161). In patients with available imaging data, TGR pre- and post-treatment with vorasidenib (n=56) was 13.2% (95% CI, 10.3, 16.3) and −3.3% (95% CI, −5.2, −1.2), respectively, while placebo (n=67) was 18.3% (95% CI, 15.0, 21.7) and 12.2% (95% CI, 9.5, 14.9), respectively. In patients who crossed over from placebo with available imaging data (n=38), TGR pre- and post-crossover was 22.4% (95% CI, 15.7, 29.4) and 5.2% (95% CI, −3.8, 15.0), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor growth was observed in patients with mIDH1/2 gliomas before receiving vorasidenib or placebo. Treatment with vorasidenib reduced the TGR and shrunk tumor volume, whereas continued growth in tumor volume was observed in patients receiving placebo.
Berlin Klezmer and Urban Scenes
Authors: Alexander Phil
Published: November 2023

This chapter considers klezmer music’s changing social role: from the ritual musical expression of distinct ethnic and geographic nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ashkenazic Jewish communities in eastern Europe and subsequently the United States, to a looser twenty-first-century articulation of musical connectivity, as expressed within multiple local scenes. It focuses particularly on developments in Berlin over the past three decades, during which time the city has hosted the busiest and most dynamic klezmer scenes outside of North America. The analysis follows a narrative that has moved from committed but isolated pioneers, through a rapid post-reunification take-up (initially by a majority of non-Jews), to a contemporary sense of community as seen in the work of a group of younger, international musicians, some of whom have also brought a renewed emphasis to the Jewishness of klezmer. The chapter argues that the city and its cosmopolitanism facilitate the conjuncture of local scene and transnational community.
Jewish Music and Totalitarianism in the Post-Stalinist Soviet Union
Authors: Nemtsov Jascha
Published: November 2023

The years 1953 through the 1970s in the Soviet Union have been called the era of the “Jews of silence.” And yet through various types of musical activities, certain parts of the Jewish population in the USSR were able to maintain a collective cultural identity in the public sphere. Captured as a musical community, this collectivity also extended to non-Jewish composers, musicians, and audiences. As such it thematicized, performed, represented, and received Jewishness, through Yiddish theater and songs, art music, and popular music. Concerts and works conceived for the Soviet stages demonstrate that Jewishness mattered, with music taking on new symbolism and becoming imbued with new meaning. This chapter focuses on the presence (and absence) of Jewish music in the public sphere, specifically in the concert hall and other stages in the post-Stalinist Soviet Union.
Postcustodialism in the Jewish Music Archive
Authors: Toltz Joseph
Published: November 2023

This chapter addresses the question of how to approach Jewish music in archives at a time when postcustodialism is seen as an ethical imperative to address the imbalance of power relations between non-Indigenous custodians, scholars, and traditional owners of culture. It does so through the lens of two case studies—the Australian Archive of Jewish Music at Monash University in Melbourne, and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC, and its music collections. Is postcustodialism a relevant concept for the Jewish music archive? In a world where the residuals of colonialism continue to have real impacts (especially for First Nations peoples), it is imperative for scholars of Jewish music working in archives to consider collaboration, care, custody, and control as factors mediating this material, and to emphasize the necessity of such a process for this material as we transition from an age of witness to an age of memory.
“Ferramonti We Do Not Forget”
Authors: Del Zoppo Silvia
Published: November 2023

In November 1938 fascist Italy began to promulgate a set of laws, known as leggi razziali, which enforced racial discrimination for the first time since the foundation of the Kingdom of Italy. Their effect on Jews cannot be overstated, and many left the country. In parallel, Italy began to create concentration camps, where mostly foreign Jews were imprisoned. One of them is Ferramonti di Tarsia in Calabria, which from 1940 to 1943 served as a concentration camp, and from liberation to December 1945 as a Displaced Persons camp. The musical activities in the camp during these two distinct phases are examined with a focus on two Hanukkah celebrations. During the first the prisoners emphasized their Jewishness through holiday-appropriate songs in Hebrew and German, while during the second, they deemphasized the same through the performance of largely European canonical repertoires, possibly preparing themselves for a return to their professions in the public institutions they had worked for prior to 1938. Ultimately, a third Ferramonti surfaces, an “imaginary,” transgenerational community consisting of both “insiders” and “outsiders,” who share the collective ritual of zekher. As such, the site of Ferramonti has hosted symbolic communities, past and present, each uniquely dealing with memory.
Land, Voice, Nation
Authors: Elbaz Vanessa Paloma
Published: November 2023

This chapter addresses the musically entangled histories of Al-Andalus, Sepharad, and North Africa, which are informing current political and musical discourse in Spain and Morocco, and their relationship to land and nation. Since the early 2000s, the performance of Mediterraneanism and peaceful coexistence through music has coalesced historical repertoires and contemporary politics, drawing memory, myth, music, diplomacy, and Judaism into continuous relationship. Two case studies—one being Ana Alcaide, a Spanish performer of Sephardic repertoires; the other the Kinor David Maroc ensemble from Morocco that focuses on Jewish liturgical poetry and Judeo-Andalusian repertoire—demonstrate how the Jewish relationship to adamah (earth) and its fellow arets (land) vis-à-vis voice, fertility, and burial counterpoints the tripartite relationship of Jews to local specificities, to the diverse nation in Spain and Morocco, and to their simultaneous belonging to a larger Jewish polity.
The role of histone acetylation in transcriptional regulation and seed development
Authors: Chen Yan , Guo Peiguo , Dong Zhicheng
Published: November 2023

Histone acetylation is highly conserved across eukaryotes and has been linked to gene activation since its discovery nearly 60 years ago. Over the past decades, histone acetylation has been evidenced to play crucial roles in plant development and response to various environmental cues. Emerging data indicate that histone acetylation is one of the defining features of “open chromatin,” while the role of histone acetylation in transcription remains controversial. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery of histone acetylation, the mechanism of histone acetylation regulating transcription in yeast and mammals, and summarize the research progress of plant histone acetylation. Furthermore, we also emphasize the effect of histone acetylation on seed development and its potential use in plant breeding. A comprehensive knowledge of histone acetylation might provide new and more flexible research perspectives to enhance crop yield and stress resistance.
Risk factors for thromboembolic events in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia in a general ward and requiring treatment with oxygen
Authors: Degrave Raphaël , Murris Juliette , Charles-Nelson Anaïs , Hermine Olivier , Porcher Raphaël , Ravaud Philippe , Mariette Xavier , Tharaux Pierre-Louis , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Sanchez Olivier , Katsahian Sandrine ,   The CORIMUNO-19 Collaborative Group, Arlet Jean-Benoît
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To assess risk factors for arterial and venous thromboses (AVT) in patients hospitalized in general wards for COVID-19 pneumonia and requiring oxygen therapy.

Methods

Our study was based on three randomized studies conducted as part of the CORIMUNO-19 platform in France between 27 March and 26 April 2020. Adult inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring at least 3 l/min of oxygen but not ventilation were randomized to receive standard care alone or standard care plus biologics. Patients were followed up for 3 months, and adverse events were documented. Risk factor for AVT and bleeding was identified by analyzing clinical, laboratory, and treatment data at baseline among the 315 patients with complete datasets. A Fine and Gray model was used to take account of competing events.

Results

During the 3-month follow-up period, 39 AVT occurred in 38 (10%) of the 388 patients: 26 deep vein thromboses and/or pulmonary embolisms in 25 (6%) patients, and 14 arterial thrombotic events in 13 (3%) patients. A history of diabetes at inclusion [sHR (95% CI) = 2.65 (1.19–5.91), P = .017] and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level (sHR = 1 [1–1.01], P = .049) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of thrombosis. Obesity was not associated with a higher risk of thrombosis (sHR = 1.01 [0.4–2.57], P = .98). The CRP level and diabetes were not risk factors for hemorrhage.

Conclusion

Among patients hospitalized in general wards for COVID-19 pneumonia during the first wave of the epidemic, diabetes (but not obesity) and a high CRP level were risk factors for AVT. The use of higher doses of anticoagulant in these high-risk patients could be considered.
Bioactive citrate-based polyurethane tissue adhesive for fast sealing and promoted wound healing
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Jiawei , Lian Chenxi , Yang He , Zhang Mingjiang , Wang Youfa , Dai Honglian
Published: November 2023

As a superior alternative to sutures, tissue adhesives have been developed significantly in recent years. However, existing tissue adhesives struggle to form fast and stable adhesion between tissue interfaces, bond weakly in wet environments and lack bioactivity. In this study, a degradable and bioactive citrate-based polyurethane adhesive is constructed to achieve rapid and strong tissue adhesion. The hydrophobic layer was created with polycaprolactone to overcome the bonding failure between tissue and adhesion layer in wet environments, which can effectively improve the wet bonding strength. This citrate-based polyurethane adhesive provides rapid, non-invasive, liquid-tight and seamless closure of skin incisions, overcoming the limitations of sutures and commercial tissue adhesives. In addition, it exhibits biocompatibility, biodegradability and hemostatic properties. The degradation product citrate could promote the process of angiogenesis and accelerate wound healing. This study provides a novel approach to the development of a fast-adhering wet tissue adhesive and provides a valuable contribution to the development of polyurethane-based tissue adhesives.
Governance around family wealth: How to preserve a long-term value for families?
Authors: Gruna Mirek , Ronovská Kateřina
Published: November 2023

Preservation of long-term values has been a challenge for wealthy families over centuries. What is valuable to each family should not only be measured in financial terms but also in the context of family harmony, avoiding disputes, and ensuring a shared understanding of the family’s long-term goals. This article focuses on and explains some key mechanisms that can assist families in the preservation and enhancement of those long-term values and goals, from informal ones such as family mission statements to more formal arrangements like family charters. The authors offer jurisdictional comparison of examples as to how these approaches apply in practice, including discussion about the legal enforceability of family charters.