bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Line-scan camera calibration: a robust linear approach
Authors: Usamentiaga R. , Garcia D. F. , de la Calle F. J.
Published: September 2020

Camera calibration requires three steps: estimation of correspondences between world and image coordinates, computation of a linear solution, and nonlinear optimization using the linear estimate as a starting point. The resulting accuracy depends mostly on the first and final steps. However, the nonlinear optimization method can achieve an accurate result only when given an initial estimate close to the global solution. Therefore, obtaining a good linear estimation is crucial for the performance of the camera calibration procedure. This work proposes a robust method to estimate a linear solution for the calibration of line-scan cameras, resulting in individual intrinsic and extrinsic parameters by using only a single line scan. The calculated parameters can then be used by nonlinear optimization methods to finely adjust the estimation of all the line-scan camera parameters, including distortions. The proposed procedure does not impose restrictions on particular orientations, and always generates a well-conditioned problem that can be solved analytically with no optimization required. Extensive experiments are performed to verify the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed method provides excellent performance.
Depth-resolved Mueller matrix polarimetry microscopy of the rat cornea
Authors: Du Le V. N. , Saytashev Ilyas , Saha Sudipta , Lopez Pedro F. , Laughrey Megan , Ramella-Roman Jessica C.
Published: September 2020

Mueller matrix polarimetry (MMP) is a promising linear imaging modality that can enable visualization and measurement of the polarization properties of the cornea. Although the distribution of corneal birefringence has been reported, depth resolved MMP imaging of the cornea has not been archived and remains challenging. In this work, we perform depth-resolved imaging of the cornea using an improved system that combines Mueller matrix reflectance and transmission microscopy together with nonlinear microscopy utilizing second harmonic generation (SHG) and two photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF). We show that TPEF can reveal corneal epithelial cellular network while SHG can highlight the presence of corneal stromal lamellae. We then demonstrate that, in confocal reflectance measurement, as depth increases from 0 to 80 μm both corneal depolarization and retardation increase. Furthermore, it is shown that the spatial distribution of corneal depolarization and retardation displays similar complexity in both reflectance (confocal and non-confocal) and transmission measurement, likely due to the strong degree of heterogeneity in the stromal lamellae.
Retroreflection from a single layer of electromagnetic Helmholtz cavities based on magnetic symmetric dipole modes
Authors: Wang Qianjing , Zhou Ling , Wan Pengcheng , Huang Di , Guo Haiqin , Ren Yinghui , Cao Xiyuan , Du Junjie
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a new electromagnetic mode which is formed by the dynamic interaction between a magnetic quadrupole mode and an electric monopole mode in a two-dimensional electromagnetic Helmholtz cavity. It is termed a magnetic symmetric dipole mode since it shares similarity with a magnetic dipole mode in the sense that their radiation is both overwhelmingly dominant in the forward and backward directions with respect to the incident wave. However, the phase distribution in the two radiation directions is symmetric, in stark contrast to the antisymmetry of magnetic dipole modes. When the Helmholtz cavities are arranged in a line, the incident wave will be reflected back to the source, in other words, retroreflection occurs because of the peculiar properties of magnetic symmetric dipole modes. We show that the retroreflection is quite robust against the disorder of the orientation angle of Helmholtz cavities and there exists a wide tolerance for wavelength and the outer radius of the cavity. With low fabrication demands, this might offer a feasible solution for the design of ultrathin retroreflectors towards device miniaturization and the realization of multiplexing holography.
Interference suppression of light backscattering through oblique deposition of high-reflectivity multilayers: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Fang Shenghuan , Kozhevnikov Igor V , Cheng Xinbin , Wang Zhanshan
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a theoretical approach whereby light backscattering toward the incident beam can be suppressed entirely for a high-reflectivity, rough-surfaced multilayer mirror fabricated using oblique deposition, such that the interface relief is replicated at a certain angle β to the sample normal. The mirror comprises two parts: a main (lower) multilayer consisting of N identical bi-layers growing at the angle βML to the mirror normal, and an additional bi- or tri-layer forming the topmost section of the mirror, which grows at another angle βBL. We show that choosing appropriate growth angles βML and βBL results in a disappearance of backscattering toward the incident beam due to the destructive interference of waves scattered from the main multilayer and uppermost bi- or tri-layer. The conditions for the scattering suppression are formulated, and the suitability of different mirror materials is discussed.
Simultaneous scattering-absorption dual-modal cell imaging in a single shot by a transmission-mode photoacoustic microscope
Authors: Wu Shiqing , Tao Chao , Zhang Xiang , Lu Feng , Liu Xiaojun
Published: September 2020

A microscopy scheme is proposed to simultaneously achieve optical scattering-absorption dual-contrast imaging of a transparent or semi-transparent specimen. This scheme is based on a transmission-mode photoacoustic microscope. We find that two peaks exist in the detected photoacoustic signal. One peak is caused by the optical absorption of the specimen, and the other is related to both the optical scattering and absorption of the specimen. Therefore, both the absorption and scattering information can be simultaneously extracted by analyzing the same photoacoustic signal excited by a single-shot laser pulse. After the microscope is validated by imaging a binary mixture consisting of particles with different optical properties, it successfully acquires dual images of red blood cells with different contrasts. Quantitative analysis reveals that the optical absorption and scattering properties of the specimen can be derived from the two images. The proposed dual-modal imaging method would be useful in revealing the structural and functional properties of tissues at the cell level or the clinical assessment of pathological sections.
High azimuthal angle tolerant dual-channel wavelength filter from visible to NIR using conically mounted guided mode resonance structures
Authors: Sahoo Pankaj K. , Sharma Jaiyam , Yukino Ryoji , Sandhu Adarsh , Joseph Joby
Published: September 2020

We present a concept to design narrow linewidth dual-channel wavelength filters using the principle of wavelength tuning under conical mounting of guided mode resonance structure. The general procedure for the design of such filters from visible to NIR wavelength range is presented and validated experimentally. We show that already fabricated guided mode resonance structures that do not show dual wavelength filtering at these wavelengths in classical mounting can exhibit dual wavelength filtering in conical mounting. Using this principle, we design high azimuthal angle tolerant guided mode resonance dual wavelength filters at C-band communication wavelengths (1310 and 1550 nm) that are insensitive to azimuthal angle over a range of up to 20 deg, achieved in expense of a tolerance in the angle of incidence that is less than 3 deg.
Photoluminescence of two-dimensional plasmonic structures: enhancement, spectral and lifetime peculiarities below the lasing threshold
Authors: Yankovskii Georgiy M. , Baklykov Dmitriy A. , Shaimanov Alexey N. , Nechepurenko Igor A. , Dorofeenko Alexander V. , Pischimova Anastasiya A. , Rodionov Ilya A. , Tananaev Peter N. , Baryshev Alexander V.
Published: September 2020

We study the interplay between optical properties and photoluminescence spectra of structures based on square lattices of silver nanodiscs or nanoholes in silver embedded in or adjoined to a dye-doped polymer waveguiding layer. The lattices and the waveguiding gain layer were designed to overlap the spectral features of such two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic structures. By varying the lattice constant, we demonstrate a condition for a significant increase of photoluminescence intensity and compare lifetime reduction for both nanodiscs- and nanoholes-based structures, when pumping them below lasing threshold. These enhancements are reached by matching the dark modes of the structure with the gain medium fluorescence spectrum.
Tunable SIM: observation at varying spatiotemporal resolutions across the FOV: publisher’s note
Authors: Woo Taeseong , Jung Su Hyun , Ahn Cheolwoo , Hwang Byungjae , Kim Hyunggee , Kang Joo H. , Park Jung-Hoon
Published: September 2020

This publisher’s note reports corrections made to Optica 7,
973 (2020)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.392800.
Impact of COVID-19 and associated lockdown on livestock and poultry sectors in India
Authors: Biswal Jyotsnarani , Vijayalakshmy Kennady , Rahman Habibar
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown for a long period have created a significant adverse impact on different sectors, including that of the agriculture and other allied sub-sectors in India and several other countries. The present review aimed to depict the impact of this pandemic and the lockdown on the livestock and poultry sectors in the country, which has been one of the fastest-growing sectors in recent years. Inadequacy of country-wide information has been a major bottleneck for having a thorough understanding of the impact of the prolonged lockdown on different sub-sectors of livestock and poultry. In the present case, an in-depth analysis of the subject has been made through the collation of available published materials and information collected through public contacts. The pandemic and the associated lockdown has not only caused enormous distress to the millions of poor and marginal farmers for saving their crops and/or livestock and thereby assuring their livelihoods but also impacted the overall poultry, dairy, and other livestock production systems and associated value chains, nutrition and health care, and labor availability. The paper highlights various dimensions of the impacts, namely, reduction in demand of different commodities, wastage of the produce due to the closure of transport and market chains, distress sale of the produce, and labor shortage and revival strategies taken by the government and associated enterprises. The present impact study although gives a picture about the overall present scenario, a systematic study through the collection of primary data from all over the country is suggested, which will provide a holistic view of the impact on each of the sub-sectors and the associated value chains.
A Preclinical Animal Study of Combined Intragastric Balloon and Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner for Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Ghoz Hassan , Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Matar Reem , Beran Azizullah , Maselli Daniel B. , Storm Andrew C. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K.
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies can potentially reproduce similar gastric and small intestinal anatomic and physiologic manipulations as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This proof of concept animal study was aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, efficacy, and impact on gastrointestinal physiology of combined intragastric balloons (IGB) and duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) for the treatment of obesity.

METHODS:

Five Ossabaw pigs were fed a high-calorie diet to develop obesity and were randomly assigned to receive IGB or DJBL in sequence. The weight gain rate was calculated. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were drawn before any intervention (serving as the baseline group) and 1 month after second device insertion (serving as the combination group) to measure gut neurohormonal changes and metabolic parameters.

RESULTS:

Four pigs successfully received a sequential device insertion. One pig developed duodenal sleeve prolapse that was spontaneously resolved. One pig was early terminated because of developing a central line infection. The rate of weight gain in the combination group (0.63 ± 1.3 kg/wk) was significantly lower than the baseline group (1.96 ± 2.17 kg/wk) and numerically lower than after insertion of the IGB (1.00 ± 1.40 kg/wk) or the DJBL (0.75 ± 2.27 kg/wk) alone. A trend of higher postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 was observed in the combination group compared with the baseline group.

DISCUSSION:

A combination of IGB and DJBL is feasible and well tolerated. A strategy of sequential use of these devices might offer a synergistic approach that can enhance weight loss and metabolic outcomes.
Das Indernet
Authors: Goel Urmila
Published: September 2020

Im Jahr 2000 gründeten drei junge Männer das Internetportal »Indernet« - einen deutschsprachigen Raum von »Indern der zweiten Generation« für »Inder der zweiten Generation«. Aufbauend auf Material, das sie über 17 Jahre gesammelt hat, legt Urmila Goel in ihrer Ethnografie drei Mosaike dieses virtuellen Raums. Sie beschreibt, wie die unterschiedlichen Teile des Portals (Artikel, Forum, Gästebuch, etc.) genutzt wurden und zeichnet die Entwicklungsschritte des Community-Portals von seiner Gründung bis zum Umzug ins Web 2.0 nach. Dabei analysiert sie rassismuskritisch, wie das »Indernet« zu einem Raum der natio-ethno-kulturellen (Mehrfach-)Zugehörigkeit wurde und welche Ausschlüsse damit einhergingen.
Von Bruno Latours Assoziationen zu Theodore Schatzkis social sites
Authors: Freitag Winfried
Published: September 2020

Winfried Freitag arbeitet in seinem Beitrag Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den Positionen Latours und Schatzkis heraus. Beide wenden sich gegen Soziologien, die allein von den Menschen und ihren Interaktionen ausgehen, der belebten und unbelebten Materie aber nur eine untergeordnete Rolle zubilligen. Beide weigern sich, zwischen einer Ebene der Individuen und einer der Strukturen oder Institutionen zu unterscheiden. Sie beharren auf einer flachen Ontologie, in der das Soziale stets von Neuem durch Assoziationen menschlicher und nicht-menschlicher Aktanten hervorgebracht wird. Anders als Latour, der alle Aktanten gleich behandelt sehen möchte, räumt Schatzki der menschlichen agency eine Sonderrolle ein. Sie werde neben Dingen stets auch von Praktiken bestimmt. Menschliches Zusammenleben, so seine zentrale These, »transpires as part of bundles of practices and material arrangements.« Solche Bündel nennt er social sites und definiert Geschichte als »the realm and course of past practice-arrangement nexuses.«
Die Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie im Kontext der Geschichtswissenschaften
Authors: Antenhofer Christina
Published: September 2020

Ausgehend von wesentlichen Eckpunkten der Ansätze Bruno Latours schlägt Christina Antenhofer in diesem Beitrag zehn Anwendungen der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie (ANT) in historischer Perspektive vor, denen sie sieben Grenzen in Hinblick auf den New Materialism gegenüberstellt. Versucht wird darüber eine Handreichung für eine reflektierte und praxisnahe Umsetzung der in der neuen Hinwendung zur Materialität liegenden Potentiale, die deren Grenzen überlegt und ernstnimmt, ohne bei einer oft bewusst wörtlich missverstehenden Kritik stehen zu bleiben.
»Conative And Connective Cars«
Authors: Leinung Silja
Published: September 2020

Silja Leinung reflektiert in ihrem Beitrag den Zusammenhang von materieller Kultur einerseits und historischem Denken und Lernen andererseits. Dafür wendet sie die Denkansätze des Neuen Materialismus zunächst auf Oldtimer als gegenständliche Quellen und dann auf den Prozess des historischen Lernens an. Anschließend veranschaulicht sie das daraus resultierende Potential einer materiellen Lernkultur am Beispiel von Oldtimern, indem sie aufzeigt, wie Oldtimer als Reflexionsanlass für Technik-, Konsum-, Umwelt-, Reise- und Alltagsgeschichte dienen können und dabei dazu beitragen, sich auch mit Problemen der Gegenwart auseinanderzusetzen.
New Multi-Level Governance in the EU?
Authors: Schönlau Justus
Published: September 2020

The Chapter looks at two specific initiatives of the European Committee of the Regions (CoR), namely its work on the Covenant of Mayors on climate change, and its RegHubs project on implementation of EU legislation, as examples of new trends in multi-level governance in the European Union.
'Europe of the Regions'
Authors: Guérot Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Ulrike Guérot's chapter contains a brief history of the concept of »Europe of the regions«, in which she criticises the dominance of the member states at nearly all levels of EU decision making. Guérot diagnoses a lack of republicanism in the current political system of the EU and argues for both to be integrated in the near future: republicanism and a federal structure that would give more power to the regions. Her innovative approach is to call for a »European Republic« that would create a common umbrella under which European regions could peacefully coexist and citizens' rights would be managed under the principle of equality before the law.
The Redundant City
Authors: Kling Norbert
Published: September 2020

Dynamic processes and conflicts are at the core of the urban condition. Against the background of continuous change in cities, concepts and assumptions about spatial transformations have to be constantly re-examined and revised. Norbert Kling explores the rich body of narrative knowledge in architecture and urbanism and confronts this knowledge with an empirically grounded situational analysis of a large housing estate. The outcome of this twofold research approach is the sensitising concept of the Redundant City. It describes a specific form of collectively negotiated urban change.
Die Dialektik der Angewiesenheit
Authors: Böhnisch Lothar
Published: September 2020

Eduard Heimann zählt zu den seit der Nachkriegszeit bis heute vergessenen Sozialwissenschaftler*innen. Weder in den allgemeinen sozialökonomischen Diskursen noch in der Diskussion um den »dritten Weg« finden die Überlegungen des emigrierten linken Forschers Resonanz. Doch nicht nur der gegenwärtige sozialökologische Transformationsdiskurs kann sein historisch-dialektisches Modell der Angewiesenheit gebrauchen, auch die gegenwärtige Diskussion zum »Neosozialismus« kann ihn als reflexives historisches Erbe annehmen. Lothar Böhnisch stellt das sozialökonomische Gesamtwerk Heimanns vor und führt seine ungebrochene Aktualität auf verschiedenen Ebenen konstruktiv aus.
Wunderpille Games!?
Authors: Thiele-Schwez Martin , Sauer Anne
Published: September 2020

Videospiele sind faszinierend. Daher ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass ihr Motivationspotential in verschiedenen Disziplinen diskutiert wurde. (Serious) Games for Health sind speziell für das Gesundheitswesen konzipiert und zielen darauf ab, positive Auswirkungen auf die Anwender*innen zu haben - physisch oder psychisch. Health Games dienen dazu, Anreize für mehr körperliche Aktivität zu schaffen, sie werden in der Medizin zu Therapiezwecken eingesetzt, sie können förderliche Verhaltensänderungen hervorrufen oder Außenstehenden helfen, Krankheiten (wie z.B. Depression) besser zu verstehen. Ein Spiel an sich macht eine Person jedoch noch nicht dick oder dünn, nicht klug oder dumm und eben nicht gesund oder krank. Es ist ein Zusammenspiel von Missionszielen, Inhalten, Technologie und Vermittlungstechniken, um das angestrebte Ziel zu erreichen. In der Kenntnis über die Spannungen zwischen der schnelllebigen Gamesbranche und dem mitunter restriktiven Gesundheitswesen zeigen wir, wie Games im Gesundheitswesen zum Einsatz kommen und gar kommerziell etabliert werden können. Dabei sehen wir Games als Medien mit hohem Potenzial, aber auch mit Herausforderungen und Grenzen an.
Interreligiöse Bildung - Und wo bleiben die Nichtreligiösen?
Authors: Willems Joachim
Published: September 2020

Seit einem Vierteljahrhundert ist der Begriff »Interreligiöses Lernen« innerhalb der Religionspädagogik fest verankert. Angesichts dessen überrascht ein blinder Fleck: Kaum im Blick sind nicht-religiöse Schülerinnen und Schüler, die in Deutschland eine deutlich größere Gruppe bilden als etwa die der muslimischen Schülerinnen und Schüler. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird gefragt, wie dezidiert nicht-religiöse Positionen von Lernenden und nicht-religiöse Lebens-, Welt- und Sinndeutungen in einen Unterricht eingespielt werden können, der nicht mehr nur interreligiöses Lernen ermöglicht, sondern interweltanschauliches Lernen.
Das zweite konvivialistische Manifest
Authors:   Die konvivialistische Internationale
Published: September 2020

In der gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen und ökologischen Krisensituation ist nichts dringender gefragt als eine Vorstellung davon, wie eine Zeit nach dem Neoliberalismus aussehen kann. Das zweite konvivialistische Manifest stellt eine politische Philosophie vor, die konsequent relational und pluriversal angelegt ist, die das Zusammenleben der Menschen untereinander und das Verhältnis zur Natur auf neue, glaubwürdige und überzeugende Grundlagen stellt. Ein zentraler Aspekt ist dabei die Überwindung aller Formen menschlicher Hybris. Nach einer intensiven Diskussion haben fast 300 Wissenschaftler*innen, Intellektuelle und Aktivist*innen aus 33 Ländern dieses Manifest unterzeichnet.
DEAE EX MACHINA
Authors: Schürmer Anna
Published: September 2020

Performative und medientechnische Vorgänge rücken die Musik des 21. Jahrhunderts in unmittelbare Nähe des Theaters. Das zeigt sich insbesondere bei den sogenannten »Composer-PerformerInnen«, welche die jahrhundertelang prägende Trennung von Schöpfer und Darsteller unterlaufen. Erst technische Erweiterungen ermöglichen diese multifunktionale Personalunion, welche einer basalen Logik der Digitalisierung folgt: das Zusammenfassen verschiedener Funktionen in einem smarten »Device«, der KünstlerIn. Denn richtiger sollte man von »Composer-Performerinnen« sprechen - schließlich sind es vor allem Frauen, welche dieses hybride Arbeitsmodell innerhalb einer anwachsenden Szene praktizieren. Dabei zeigt sich die Technisierung als Teil des emanzipatorischen Projekts: der verstärkte Einsatz des Körpers und das Embodyment des Schöpferwillens lässt sich etwa mit den feministischen Science and Technology Studies und konkret Donna Haraways Cyborg-Theorie denken, indem es hier zur Auflösung eindimensional binärer Grenzen kommt - nicht nur der Geschlechter, sondern auch der Stilistik.
Time and Form: The "Unthought Known"
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, Mieke Bal examines the visibility of time. Time has no form, no shape. It can leave shapes, in the sense of historically specific styles, but time itself is formless. It can be used in rhythm, which can sometimes create the illusion of form, something we take from music and rhythmic poetry. But it is not time that has that form, it is the music, verse, or even the rhythmic breathing that espouses time, that has a form. Formlessness does not entail invisibility, however. The choice is not to either see fully shaped forms or to see nothing, but to learn to practice a »visual habitus« (Kaja Silverman's term) that enables us to see what, by lack of recognizable form, seems invisible. In general, as the time passing in the everyday, »all the time«, time is so self-evident that one would not wonder about its potential form. It only accedes to awareness when its apparent flow is interrupted. This can be due to nature or man-made disasters, traumatogenic events, which change the course of time, in one way or another. For the last two decades Bal has been pursuing artistic experimentations with video that attempts to explore the potential visualization of the form of time.
Der Corona-Impfstoff zwischen geostrategischem Instrument und globalem öffentlichen Gut
Authors: Randeria Shalini
Published: September 2020

Shalini Randeria geht in ihrem Beitrag u.a. der Frage nach, ob es legitim ist, einen Impfstoff, der mit öffentlichen Geldern entwickelt und hergestellt wird, als Eigentum eines privaten Unternehmens patentieren zu lassen. Während die Pharmaindustrie unter dem Verdacht steht, Profit aus der Pandemie zu schlagen, ist der Corona-Impfstoff im Wettstreit zwischen den USA und China längst zum Gegenstand von Soft Power und geopolitischen Interessenskonflikten geworden. In einem Klima der Angst und Unsicherheit werden nationale Interessen gegen internationale Solidarität ausgespielt. Initiativen wie der Patent-Pooling-Mechanismus der WHO, die durch den gegenseitigen Datenaustausch sowie Patent- und Technologieübertragung einen fairen und leistbaren Zugang zu Impfstoffen auch für die Länder des Globalen Südens gewährleisten sollen, geben jedoch Grund zur Hoffnung, dass nicht nur ein sicherer, effektiver Impfstoff, sondern auch die öffentliche Gesundheit künftig als öffentliches Gut behandelt werden könnte.
Los historiadores ensanchan la vida
Authors: Hortal Alonso Augusto
Published: September 2020

Los historiadores aumentan la vida: amplían, enriquecen y flexibilizan el horizonte intelectual de quienes nos dedicamos a la ética. La historia honestamente investigada y bien narrada ayuda a liberarse de las miopías y los sectarismos del presente. A los jesuitas, conocer la propia historia, saber de dónde venimos, qué hicimos, cómo actuamos y qué nos pasó en otros tiempos y otras circunstancias, da perfiles, hondura y realismo a la propia identidad. Esa fue la historia que cultivó Manuel Revuelta; de ello quiere dar aquí testimonio agradecido un compañero de claustro, de generación y compañero jesuita.
Manuel Revuelta González. Biógrafo de la Historia
Authors: García de Castro Valdés José
Published: September 2020

Entre los grandes temas de estudio que ocuparon la trayectoria académica del Prof. Manuel Revuelta no encontramos la biografía como tal; Revuelta no hizo de ningún personaje en particular el centro de su investigación. No obstante, son numerosas las veces que el historiador se detiene a presentar diversos protagonistas (principalmente jesuitas) que han influido en el contexto histórico objeto de su atención y análisis. Entendiendo biografía en un sentido amplio (bio-grafía) este artículo se centra en el «Revuelta biógrafo» para conocer tanto a los personajes biografiados como el modo peculiar de mirar y analizar que Revuelta desarrolló a la hora de presentar a sus «héroes callados».
Aculturación de ida y vuelta: Misión y educación jesuita en América y Asia
Authors: Jiménez Pablo Esther
Published: September 2020

En este artículo homenaje al P. Manuel Revuelta se aborda el estudio de las misiones jesuitas teniendo en cuenta la adaptación de sus estrategias a las gentes y culturas a evangelizar. Desde una perspectiva comparativa entre América y Asia se analiza la aculturación de los nativos, pero también la de los misioneros, y su capacidad de integración de «unos» en la cultura de los «otros». Asimismo, la expansión de la evangelización y el éxito de la educación jesuita en estos continentes dependió también de otros factores determinantes como el contexto político en el que se originaron las misiones, y el grado de implicación de los nativos en el progreso de la misión.
Con Manuel Revuelta González en Roma y Alcover (1889-2019)
Authors: Andrés-Gallego José
Published: September 2020

El recuerdo de un encuentro en Roma con Manuel Revuelta me lleva a reconsiderar la forma de estudiar las peregrinaciones que se multiplicaron en los siglos XIX y XX. Al rehacer la de Alcover (Cataluña) de 1889 como andadura física de una multitud, aparecen comportamientos que no tienen que ver con la ideología de los organizadores, el “integrismo”. Eso me lleva recordar los planteamientos de Victor Turner y la invención de lo cotidiano de que hablaba Michel de Certeau. Me pregunto sobre lo que esa perspectiva plural añade a la historia clásica y nos acerca más a la realidad.
Factors influencing the accuracy of pre-contract stage estimation of final contract price in New Zealand
Authors:   School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand, Ji Cong , Mbachu Jasper ,   School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand, Domingo Niluka ,   School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: September 2020

Establishing and prioritising the factors that may influence the final contract price when responding to a call for tenders is crucial for proper risk analysis and reliable forecasting; it could make or mar the ability to achieve expected profit margin in an era of lump sum fixed price contracts where clients often contest variation claims. In New Zealand, these factors have not been researched; hence estimators rely only on judgement to ‘guess-estimate’ in their price forecasting. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gap by investigating the priority factors. 150 responses from professional members of the New Zealand Institute of Quantity Surveyors were analysed using multi-attribute method. Results showed thirty-seven factorswhich could influence the final contract price; the three most influential being poor tender documentation, complexity of design & construction, and completeness of project information. Other factors relating to project, client and contractor characteristics, design consultants and tendering conditions, estimating practice and external factors were reported. Concordance analysis indicated high level of agreement amongst survey participants in the rank-ordering of the relative importance of the identified factors. The findings could assist quantity surveyors to prepare more reliable contract price estimates at the pre-contract stage. It would also improve construction-stage cost control.
Evaluating the modus operandi of construction supply chains using organization control theory
Authors:   National Intitute of Construction Management and Research, Pune, Jagtap Milind , Kamble Sachin ,   National Institute of INdustrial Engineeering.
Published: September 2020

Supply chains are omnipresent. However, the modus operandi of the construction supply chain is not clearly established in the literature. This might be attributable to the character of construction projects and the structure of the construction industry. Formal and informal control mechanisms are well established in retail and manufacturing supply chains whichis evident in improved product performance. However, there is a paucity of research on the construction supply chain especially atidentifying the interplay of control mechanisms and their relationship with project performance. In the case of large and complex construction projects, the client-contractor relationship requires input control, behaviour control and output control for successful project delivery. In the light of organisationcontrol theory and the existing literature on construction supply chains, this study evaluates the modus operandi of the client-contractor relationship based on three control mechanisms: input control (project risk and reward power, and intra-project communication), behaviour control (opportunism) and output control (project performance) using a structural equation model. A survey data of258 construction professionals working on construction projectsin Indiawas collected. The study findingsreveal that input control, in terms of project risk and reward power,and intra-project communication, largely influence behaviour control in terms of opportunism. However, behaviour controls do not directly affect output control in terms of project performance; rather, a direct effect of the input control mechanism of output control is particularly evident.
Analisis Penyusunan Draf Panduan Praktik Klinis Pelayanan Radiologi di RRSUD Ajibarang Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Aryani Asri Indah , Jati Sutopo Patria , Kuntjoro Tjahjono
Published: September 2020

A clinical practice guideline is a procedure implemented by group of a profession referred to National Guideline of Medical Service made by organisation of profession and approved by Director of a hospital. In providing health services to patients, radiology service must refer to the clinical practice guideline that is available in its service. The aim of this study was to explain the process of draft arrangement of the clinical practice guideline of radiology service at Ajibarang Public Hospital in Banyumas District. This was qualitative research aimed at investigating the arrangement process of the clinical practice guideline of radiology service collected from various sources and informants at Ajibarang Public Hospital in Banyumas District. Data were collected using methods of indepth interview, observation, and literature review, analysed using content analysis, and presented descriptively combined with matrix of interview results. In addition, data presentation was supported by results of field observation and literature review. The results of this research showed that viewed from aspects of resources, there were any barriers as follows: radiologist did not involve in the arrangement process and there was lack of communication between radiographer and an arrangement team of the clinical practice guideline of hospital. On the other hand, there was no barrier in the aspect of tariff pattern. Tariff of INA- CBGs have been used in a program of National Health Insurance and implemented since 1 January 2014. In the aspect of evidence availability, arranged clinical practice guideline was based on literature and textbook. A format of arranged clinical practice guideline draft consisted of title of action procedure, definition, indication, contra-indication, preparation, action procedure, post action procedure, levels of evidence, levels of recommendation, reviewers, indicators of action procedure of radiographer, and references. In conclusion, the arrangement process of the clinical practice guideline had been well implemented. However, radiologist had not involved. Director’s decree about arrangement team of the clinical practice guideline at Ajibarang Public Hospital needs to be revised. Radiology service needs to accomplish and determine final draft of the clinical practice guideline.
Evaluasi Implementasi Pelayanan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional pada Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BKPM) Wilayah Semarang Terikat Kerjasama Dengan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan
Authors: Budiono Agus , Jati Sutopo Patria , Suryawati Chriswardani
Published: September 2020

Provision of National Health Insurance (JKN) on Lung Health Center Society (BKPM) Region Semarang has not been implemented optimally. Increased patient visits JKN participants in 2014 only 1% compared to the era of Askes, the discrepancy rates with real cost incurred, inadequate infrastructure services, long waiting time queuing services and the lack of agreement among stakeholders define the classification status of BKPM. The aim of research to evaluate the implementation of national health insurance on Lung Health Center Society (BKPM) Region Semarang. The research was conducted by using a qualitative in-depth interviews and review of documentation to explore the phenomenon being evaluated. This study key informants from BKPM Territory Semarang is Semarang Regional Head of BKPM, Treasurer, 1 Medical Record officers, 2 doctors clinic, and 1 administrative manager of the Health Insurance. 1 person sexy informant triangulation financing and Public Health Insurance Central Java Provincial Health Office, 1 Main Branch Health BPJS staff Semarang. Quantitative data to support the triangulation of data with customer satisfaction survey using quota sampling technique to sample 45 participants JKN patients who seek treatment in Semarang Regional BKPM. Qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative content analysis method with frequency table. The results showed that: 1) The number of patients more than Non PBI PBI, 2) Services BKPM Semarang according to the contents successor agreement Regional cooperation but still need to be developed and improved again. 79.03% patient satisfaction that includes a satisfactory category. 3) On the financing aspects still exist discrepancies BPJS service rates with real cost Semarang Regional BKPM expenses, 4) Coordination is not maximized at the management and executive levels in Semarang Regional BKPM in the implementation of Health Insurance in early 2014. Recommendations that can be given is necessary socialization and revamping procedures JKN referral, assessment manufacture unit cost as the basis tariff scheme, infrastructure development and improvement of health services in the implementation of labor discipline JKN in Semarang Regional BKPM.
Analisis Kebijakan Donor Darah Dan Implementasi Program Rekrutmen Donor Di Unit Donor Darah (UDD PMI) Kota Pontianak
Authors: Dewi Ria Risti Komala , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Mawarni Atik
Published: September 2020

The availability of blood in Blood Donor Unit of Indonesian Red Cross (BDU-IRC) cannot fulfil the necessity of blood in Pontianak City for every year. Until the year 2014, there was only 37.3% of the total blood demand that could be provided. The aim of this study was to analyse problems of resource, attitude and commitment, a bureaucracy structure, communication, and social condition in implementing the blood donor recruitment program in BDU-IRC in Pontianak City.This was an observational study using a descriptive-qualitative design. Data were collected using methods of indepth interview, Focus Group Discussion, and observation. Main informants consisted of five P2D2S officers (a head of department and four staffs of P2D2S). Informants for triangulation purpose were 22 persons consisted of two decision makers, (a head of BDU and a deputy head of IRC), five coordinators of KDD, five persons of DDS, five persons of DDP, five citizen of Pontianak City. Data were analysed using content analysis.The results of this research showed that resource was quantitatively sufficient but it was qualitatively insufficient, particularly willingness of the officers in implementing their duties. Amount of budget was limited. There were a poor attitude and lack of commitment of the officers due to lack of willingness and low motivation to implement their duties in accordance with available regulations and goals. Not all the implementation was referred to Standard Operating Procedure released by the main office of IRC because the officers assumed that they had understood the ways to recruit blood donor. Communication was unclear and inconsistent. Support from blood donor groups was not optimal due to lack of attention and support from the program implementer such as supervising, providing rewards, and providing a supporting facility. In conclusion, the implementation of the blood donor recruitment program have not been well implemented. BDU-IRC needs to improve a competency of the officers by conducting training for untrained officers. The unit also needs to conduct a meeting to arrange a work program and a budget allocation annually. In addition, a community needs to be proactively asked to provide their blood to the IRC.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Bidan Pelaksana Dalam Pelayanan Ibu Nifas Di Wilayah Kabupaten Blora
Authors: Saptaningrum Epi , Jati Sutopo Patria , Suparwati Anneke
Published: September 2020

Maternal Mortality Rate mostly occurred during postnatal period. Midwives played an important role and had responsibility in providing maternal services. Postnatal services in Blora District had not been optimally implemented. This condition was influenced by motivation of midwives in providing postnatal services. Five of seven midwives said that they were lazy to provide postnatal services particularly in visiting maternal. Motivation was influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Therefore, factors influencing motivation of midwives in providing maternal services needed to be investigated. This was a quantitative-analytic study using cross sectional approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Number of population was 359 midwives in Blora District. Number of samples were 76 respondents calculated using minimal sample size. A validity test used pearson product moment whereas alpha Cronbach test was used to analyse reliability. Data were analysed using methods of univariate (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate (logistic regression test). The results of this research showed that factors of perception of administration and policy (p=0.043; C=0.227), perception of supervision (p=0.001; C=0.346), perception of work (p=0.000; C=0.503) and perception of environmental condition (p=0.001; C=0.350) statistically significantly related to motivation of midwives. Perception of work was the most influenced factor of motivation (p=0.000; Exp(B)=11.655). As suggestions, other researchers need to investigate the factor of perception of work. District Health Office needs to evaluate main and additional tasks and to consider increasing incentive for activities of maternal services. Indonesian Midwives Association of Blora needs to guide and to improve motivation of midwives in providing maternal services. Health Centres (Coordinator Midwives) need to involve midwives in improving perception of work (maternal services) by conducting training.
Randomised trial of block and replace vs dose titration thionamide in young people with thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Wood Claire L , Cole Michael , Donaldson Malcolm , Dunger David B , Wood Ruth , Morrison Niamh , Matthews John N S , Pearce Simon H S , Cheetham Timothy D , _ _
Published: September 2020

Objective

First-line treatment of thyrotoxicosis in young people is thionamide anti-thyroid drug (ATD) in a blocking dose with levothyroxine replacement (block and replace, BR) or in a smaller dose tailored to render the patient euthyroid (dose titration, DT). Our objective was to determine which regimen provides more stable biochemical control.

Design

A multi-centre phase III, open-label randomised trial comparing BR with DT in patients aged 2–17 years with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis at 15 UK centres.

Methods

Patients were randomised shortly after diagnosis and treated for 3 years. The primary outcome was the percentage of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the reference range between 6 months and 3 years. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of Free thyroxine (FT4) levels in the reference range, adverse event frequency and 4 years outcome (remission/relapse).

Results

Eighty-two patients were randomised, with details on clinical course in 81 (62 Female); 40 were allocated to BR (41 DT). Three withdrew with one ineligible. The mean percentage of serum TSH within reference range was 60.2% in BR and 63.8% in DT patients; adjusted difference 4.3%, 95% CI (−7.8 to 16.4); P = 0.48. Proportions for FT4 were 79.2% in BR and 85.7% in DT patients; adjusted difference 6.8%, (−0.2 to 15.6); P = 0.13. Three patients developed neutropenia – all on BR. 6 BR and 10 DT patients were in remission at 4y.

Conclusion

This randomised trial has shown no evidence to suggest that BR, when managing the young patient with thyrotoxicosis, is associated with improved biochemical stability when compared to DT.
FAM172A promotes follicular thyroid carcinogenesis and may be a marker of FTC
Authors: Xu Pei-Pei , Zeng Su , Xia Xiao-Tian , Ye Zi-Heng , Li Mei-Fang , Chen Ming-Yun , Xia Tian , Xu Jing-Jing , Jiao Qiong , Liu Liang , Li Lian-Xi , Guo Ming-Gao
Published: September 2020

Our aims were to uncover the role of FAM172A (Family with sequence similarity 172 member A) in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and to evaluate its value in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign thyroid follicular lesions. FAM172A expression was evaluated by q-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The ability of proliferation, migration and invasion of cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8), clone-formation and Transwell assays. Nude mouse tumorigenicity assays were used to investigate the role of FAM172A in the pathogenesis of FTC in vivo. The value of FAM172A in the differential diagnosis for FTC was assessed using 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues after the operation and 81 fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples before the operation. FAM172A was highly expressed in FTC tissues and FTC cell lines. Downregulation of FAM172A inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of FTC cells through Erk1/2 and JNK pathways. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice showed that knockdown of FAM172A inhibited tumor growth and progression in vivo. The FAM172A IHC scores of 3.5 had 92% sensitivity and 63% specificity to separate FTC from benign/borderline thyroid follicular lesions, and 92% sensitivity and 80% specificity to discriminate FTC from benign thyroid follicular lesions in postoperative FFPE samples. The corresponding values were 75 and 78%, and 75 and 89% in preoperative FNA samples, respectively. FAM172A plays an important role in the pathogenesis of FTC through Erk1/2 and JNK pathways. FAM172A may be a potential marker for the preoperative diagnosis of FTC based on the IHC results of thyroid FNAB samples.
High content imaging for monitoring signalling dynamics in single cells
Authors: Garner Kathryn L
Published: September 2020

All living cells are sensors of their environment: they sense signals, hormones, cytokines, and growth factors, among others. Binding of these signals to cell surface receptors initiates the transmission of messages along intracellular signalling pathways through protein–protein interactions, enzymatic modifications and conformational changes. Typically, the activation of signalling pathways are monitored in whole populations of cells, giving population average measures, often using experimental methods that destroy and homogenise the cell population. High content imaging is an automated, high-throughput fluorescence microscopy method that enables measurements of signal transduction pathways to be taken from live cells. It can be used to measure signalling dynamics, how the abundance of particular proteins of interest change over time, or to record how particular proteins move and change their localisation in response to a signal from their environment. Using this, and other single cell methods, it is becoming increasingly clear that cells are in fact very variable in their response to a given stimulus and in the quantities of cellular components they express, even in clonal (isogenic) cell lines. This review will discuss how high content imaging has contributed to our growing understanding of cellular heterogeneity. It will discuss how data generated has been combined with information theoretic approaches to quantify the amount of information transferred through noisy signalling pathways. Lastly, the relevance of heterogeneity to our understanding and treatment of disease will be considered, highlighting the importance of single cell measurements.
La triple frontera: propuesta conceptual para explicar las dinámicas de la región fronteriza entre México y Guatemala
Authors: Ramos Rojas Diego Noel
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es explicar la región transfronteriza entre México y Guatemala deconstruyendo el concepto de frontera y proponiendo un esquema epistemológico en el que converjan distintas categorías analíticas y dimensiones para su estudio. Se expone que el paradigma estadocéntrico limita la apertura a dialogar otras formas de imaginar las regiones fronterizas y las movilidades humanas. En ese sentido, se retomaron miradas, corrientes y enfoques que han estudiado la frontera entre México y Guatemala como un concepto heterogéneo, para así plantear en este texto que el contexto transfronterizo estudiado se reconfigura constantemente en matices, contradicciones y ambigüedades.