bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretable Models Capture the Complex Relationship Between Climate Indices and Fire Season Intensity in Maritime Southeast Asia
Authors: Daniels William S. , Buchholz Rebecca R. , Worden Helen M. , Ahamad Fatimah , Hammerling Dorit M.
Published: August 2022

There have been many extreme fire seasons in Maritime Southeast Asia (MSEA) over the last two decades. Fires, in turn, are a major driver of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) variability, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we attempt to maximize the amount of CO variability that can be explained during fire season in MSEA (defined as September through December) via human‐interpretable statistical models that use only climate mode indices as predictor variables and are trained on data from 2001 to 2019. We expand upon previous work through the complexity at which we study the connections between climate mode indices and atmospheric CO (an indicator of fire intensity). Specifically, we present three modeling advancements. First, we analyze five different climate modes at a weekly timescale, increasing explained variability by 15% over models a monthly timescale. Second, we accommodate multiple lead times for each climate mode index, finding that some indices have very different effects on CO at different lead times. Finally, we model the interactions between climate mode indices at a weekly timescale, providing a framework for studying more complex interactions than previous work. Furthermore, we perform a stability analysis and show that our model for the MSEA region is robust, adding weight to the scientific interpretation of selected model terms. We believe the relationships quantified here provide new understanding of a significant mode of variability in MSEA, specific lead times for use in forecasts, and a method for evaluating climate mode‐CO relationships in climate model output.
Strong absorption and ultrafast localisation in NaBiS2 nanocrystals with slow charge-carrier recombination
Authors: Huang Yi-Teng , Kavanagh Seán R. , Righetto Marcello , Rusu Marin , Levine Igal , Unold Thomas , Zelewski Szymon J. , Sneyd Alexander J. , Zhang Kaiwen , Dai Linjie , Britton Andrew J. , Ye Junzhi , Julin Jaakko , Napari Mari , Zhang Zhilong , Xiao James , Laitinen Mikko , Torrente-Murciano Laura , Stranks Samuel D. , Rao Akshay , Herz Laura M. , Scanlon David O. , Walsh Aron , Hoye Robert L. Z.
Published: August 2022

I-V-VI2 ternary chalcogenides are gaining attention as earth-abundant, nontoxic, and air-stable absorbers for photovoltaic applications. However, the semiconductors explored thus far have slowly-rising absorption onsets, and their charge-carrier transport is not well understood yet. Herein, we investigate cation-disordered NaBiS2 nanocrystals, which have a steep absorption onset, with absorption coefficients reaching >105 cm−1 just above its pseudo-direct bandgap of 1.4 eV. Surprisingly, we also observe an ultrafast (picosecond-time scale) photoconductivity decay and long-lived charge-carrier population persisting for over one microsecond in NaBiS2 nanocrystals. These unusual features arise because of the localised, non-bonding S p character of the upper valence band, which leads to a high density of electronic states at the band edges, ultrafast localisation of spatially-separated electrons and holes, as well as the slow decay of trapped holes. This work reveals the critical role of cation disorder in these systems on both absorption characteristics and charge-carrier kinetics.
Electron-mediated control of nanoporosity for targeted molecular separation in carbon membranes
Authors: Oh Banseok , Seo Hyeokjun , Choi Jihoon , Lee Sunggyu , Koh Dong-Yeun
Published: August 2022

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes are considered game-changers to overcome the challenges that conventional polymeric membranes face. However, CMS membranes also confront a challenge in successfully separating extremely similar-sized molecules. In this article, high-precision tuning of the microstructure of CMS membranes is proposed by controlled electron irradiation for the separation of molecules with size differences less than 0.05 nm. Fitting CMS membranes for targeted molecular separation can be accomplished by irradiation dosage control, resulting in highly-efficient C2H4/C2H6 separation for low dosages (∼250kGy, with selectivity ∼14) and ultra-selective H2/CO2 separation for high dosages (1000∼2000kGy with selectivity ∼80).The electron irradiated CMS also exhibits highly stabilized permeability and selectivity for long-term operation than the pristine CMS, which suffers from significant performance degradation due to physical aging. This study successfully demonstrates electron irradiation as a possible way to construct “designer” nanoporous carbon membranes out of the standard components mostly confined to pyrolysis conditions.
qMRI-BIDS: An extension to the brain imaging data structure for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging data
Authors: Karakuzu Agah , Appelhoff Stefan , Auer Tibor , Boudreau Mathieu , Feingold Franklin , Khan Ali R. , Lazari Alberto , Markiewicz Chris , Mulder Martijn , Phillips Christophe , Salo Taylor , Stikov Nikola , Whitaker Kirstie , de Hollander Gilles
Published: August 2022

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) established community consensus on the organization of data and metadata for several neuroimaging modalities. Traditionally, BIDS had a strong focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and lacked guidance on how to store multimodal structural MRI datasets. Here, we present and describe the BIDS Extension Proposal 001 (BEP001), which adds a range of quantitative MRI (qMRI) applications to the BIDS. In general, the aim of qMRI is to characterize brain microstructure by quantifying the physical MR parameters of the tissue via computational, biophysical models. By proposing this new standard, we envision standardization of qMRI through multicenter dissemination of interoperable datasets. This way, BIDS can act as a catalyst of convergence between qMRI methods development and application-driven neuroimaging studies that can help develop quantitative biomarkers for neural tissue characterization. In conclusion, this BIDS extension offers a common ground for developers to exchange novel imaging data and tools, reducing the entrance barrier for qMRI in the field of neuroimaging.
Testosterone deficiency and metabolic disturbances in men who fathered a child by use of donated spermatozoa
Authors: Elenkov Angel , Zarén Peter , Sundell Bianca , Lundin Lovisa , Giwercman Aleksander
Published: August 2022

Dose–response association between level of impairment of semen quality and risk of morbidity or premature death has been reported. Therefore, it can be presumed that men utilizing donated spermatozoa, i.e. patients with non-obstructive azoospermia, are at highest risk for adverse health outcomes. To evaluate the risks of prescription of medications for common metabolic disturbances and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) among men who father children with donated spermatozoa—who presumably do it due to severe impairment of fertility. We used Swedish nationwide register data on all fathers who had a live-born child between 2007 and 2014 in order to compare men who fathered children with donated spermatozoa to the ones who became fathers by using own gametes. Cox regression analysis was used in order to estimate the post-conception incidence of prescription of medicines for hypertension (HT), diabetes (type 1 and 2), dyslipidaemia (DLE) or TRT. Starting the follow up at time of conception, models were adjusted for age, educational level, and previous cancer treatment. In total 410,119 childbirths were included in the analysis. Among them, for 390 fathers donated spermatozoa were utilized. Fathers to children conceived with donated spermatozoa had higher risk for having TRT prescribed (HR: 18.14; 95%CI: 11.71–28.10; p ≪ 0.001). Same was true for DLE (HR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.27–3.39; p = 0.003) but not diabetes. Fathers to children conceived by use of donated spermatozoa are at significantly increased risk for testosterone treatment and dyslipidaemia, necessitating stringent follow up and inclusion in prevention programs.
Frozen section utilization to omit systematic biopsy in diagnosing high risk prostate cancer
Authors: Tae Jong Hyun , Jin Hyun Jung , Noh Tae Il , Shim Ji Sung , Kang Seok Ho , Cheon Jun , Lee Jeong Gu , Kang Sung Gu
Published: August 2022

The current guidelines for targeted prostate biopsy recommend an additional systematic biopsy regardless of clinical risk assessment.
To evaluate frozen section biopsy utilization in targeted prostate biopsy to omit systematic biopsies in cases of positive frozen section results of patients with clinical features suggestive of high-risk prostate cancer. In this prospective, single-center study, we enrolled patients with a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with clinical evidence suggestive of high-risk prostate cancer (either an extracapsular extension or prostate-specific antigen level > 20 ng/ml). All patients underwent 2–4 core targeted biopsies utilizing frozen section biopsy with immediate results, allowing patients with a positive result to omit a systematic biopsy. In case of a negative result, additional systematic biopsies were performed. The primary endpoint was the detection rate of targeted biopsy. Patient demographics, clinical variables were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Sixty-six patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 63 patients were diagnosed with cancer without the need for an additional systematic biopsy. Three patients were non-diagnostic with target biopsy alone. Hence an additional systematic biopsy was performed. Two of these patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and one tested negative for cancer. In this report we looked into the necessity of taking a routine systematic biopsy in patients with high risk features of prostate cancer. We found that utilizing frozen section biopsy for targeted biopsy reduces unneccessary systematic biopsy in 97% of cases and still provides a means for systematic biopsy when targeted biopsy alone fails to make the diagnosis.
Daidzein alleviates doxorubicin-induced heart failure via the SIRT3/FOXO3a signaling pathway
Authors: Li Huaxin , Zhang Mengxue , Wang Yuanyu , Gong Ke , Yan Tengteng , Wang Dandan , Meng Xianshe , Yang Xiaoxiao , Chen Yuanli , Han Jihong , Duan Yajun , Zhang Shuang
Published: August 2022

Daidzein improves doxorubicin-induced heart failure in mice by activating AMPKα and SIRT3/FOXO3a pathway-mediated energy balance and improving mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress in heart.
Correction: On-chip miRNA extraction platforms: recent technological advances and implications for next generation point-of-care nucleic acid tests
Authors: Petrou Loukia , Ladame Sylvain
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘On-chip miRNA extraction platforms: recent technological advances and implications for next generation point-of-care nucleic acid tests’ by Loukia Petrou et al., Lab Chip, 2022, 22, 463–475, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1LC00868D.
Association Between Early Speech-Language Pathology Consultation and Pneumonia After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Kumble Sowmya , Strickland Amber , Cole Therese K. , Canner Joseph K. , Frost Nicole , Madeira Tim , Alejo Diane , Steele Anne , Schena Stefano
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are reported to be at higher risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration, which may predispose them to respiratory complications such as pneumonia. Speech-language pathology consultation facilitates early identification of swallowing difficulties providing appropriate and timely interventions during the postoperative period. This study explores the association between pneumonia and timing of speech-language pathology order entry and evaluation following cardiac surgery.

Method:

A retrospective study was performed on adults who underwent cardiac surgery in a tertiary care center, from July 2016 through December 2019. Patients with preexisting tracheostomy upon admission for cardiac surgery were excluded. The medical records of patients who had speech-language pathology consultation orders for swallowing concerns were analyzed in order to compare the timing of speech-language pathology order entry, completion of speech-language pathology evaluation, and incidence of pneumonia during hospitalization following cardiac surgery.

Results:

During the study period, 3,168 patients underwent cardiac surgery, of which 2,864 patients met the inclusion criteria. Speech-language pathology was ordered for 473 cases (16.5%), and clinical swallow evaluation (CSE) was completed by speech-language pathology in 419 patients (88.6%), of which 309 patients were suspected to have dysphagia (73.7%). Among the 2,391 patients without speech-language pathology consultation, pneumonia was reported in 34 patients (1.42%). Pneumonia was reported in 53 patients in the speech-language pathology cohort, of which 43 patients (13.9%) were suspected to have dysphagia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly longer median time (20.0 hr, range: 4.9–26.7) from speech-language pathology orders to completion of CSE, compared to those without pneumonia (13.2 hr, range: 3.2–22.4,
p
= .025). There was no significant difference in the median time from extubation to speech-language pathology consultation order time in patients with pneumonia versus those without pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia were observed to have prolonged, although not statistically significant, median time from extubation to CSE (70.4 hr, range: 21.2–215) compared to those without pneumonia (42.2 hr, range: 19.5–105.8,
p
= .066).

Conclusions:

Patients without pneumonia in the postoperative period were observed to have shorter median time from extubation to speech-language pathology evaluation. Future studies are needed to further understand the impact of early speech-language pathology consultation and incidence of pneumonia in this population.
Prevalence Versus Evidence: A Closer Look at the Research Available for Serving Children Exposed to Maltreatment and a Response to Hyter's Call for Trauma-Informed Care
Authors: Gayaldo Savanah , Gladfelter Allison
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

In an October 2021 post of
The ASHA LeaderLive
, Dr. Yvette Hyter emphasized the need for trauma-informed services for children exposed to maltreatment in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by her call, we discuss how the pandemic created a high-risk context for maltreatment, the speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') role in prevention and intervention, reflect on the gap in evidence for maltreatment within empirical journals aimed at the speech-language pathology audience, and reiterate Hyter's call for trauma-informed care as a guide for clinicians serving children exposed to maltreatment.

Method:

We searched for empirical evidence within journals aimed at SLPs focused on maltreatment to get an estimate of the available research. For comparison, we consulted the same journals for the number of publications covering other risk factors or conditions with similar impacts on communication skills but with lower prevalence rates.

Results:

Compared to other risk factors or conditions with lower prevalence rates, the disparity between the evidence aimed at SLPs and the prevalence of childhood maltreatment was difficult to ignore.

Conclusion:

Given the current circumstances, we encourage clinicians to seek information about the communicative effects of exposure to maltreatment beyond journals aimed specifically at speech-language pathologists, stress the need for trauma-informed care instruction during graduate schooling, increase awareness of our role in preventative care, and call for more research on intervention services tailored specifically for children exposed to maltreatment.
Faecal Triiodothyronine Hormone Levels in Female Iguana during Weekday and Weekend in In Situ Conservation
Authors: Rain Kee , Lok Yee Chin , Anggoro Ditto , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Astuti Pudji , Mona Airin Claude
Published: August 2022

Iguanas are exotic animals that are widely kept as pets in our society,their performance and color being their main attraction. Jogja Exotarium is anin situ conservation park that carries the back to nature concept. Animals thatare kept at the Jogja Exotarium are allowed direct contact with visitors. Thisstudy aims to determine the hormone triiodothyronine in female iguanas that are raised and conserved in situ. This study used feces obtained from iguanas kept in Jogja Exotarium, sampling was carried out on Wednesdays and Sundays for 2 weeks. The collected faecal samples were processed by usingfreeze-drying method and then extracted using 80% methanol. The extracted samples were analyzed using the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) method. The results showed during the week day was 107.1 ± 7.01 ng/gr dry feces, while the week end was 119.95 ± 4.3 ng/gr dry feces. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is no difference in the hormone triiodothyronine in female iguanas during weekday and weekend
Full-length standing radiographs can be used for determination of the Femoral neck-shaft angle but not acetabular coverage
Authors: Ahmad Sufian S. , Konrads Christian , Steinmeier Annika , Ettinger Max , Windhagen Henning , Giebel Gregor M.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The exact evaluation of hip morphology is essential for surgical planning. A wide range of morphometric measures of the acetabulum is deduced from conventional anterior-posterior (ap) pelvic radiographs. Full-length weight-bearing radiographs (FLWBR) also depict the acetabulum and are commonly used for osteotomy planning of the lower limb. This study aimed to determine whether FLWBR can be used to evaluate acetabular morphology. Methods: Radiographs of patients receiving a hip workup that included a conventional ap pelvic X-ray and FLWBR were utilized for radiographic measurements. The following parameters were measured: extrusion index of the femoral head, anterior wall index, posterior wall index, lateral center edge angle (LCE), acetabular index, pubic arc angle (subpubic angle), and centrum-collum-diaphyseal angle (CCD). Results: FLWBR depicted a significantly reduced anterior coverage (p = 0.049) and increased posterior coverage (p < 0.001), higher acetabular index (p = 0.015), and higher pubic-arc angle (p = 0.02) compared to conventional ap pelvic radiographs. There were no significant differences regarding the CCD angle (p = 0.28), extrusion index (p = 0.31), and LCE (p = 0.16). Discussion: The CCD angle of the femur can be measured on conventional ap radiographs and full-length weight-bearing X-rays for lower limb deformity analysis. However, FLWBR will depict an anteverted acetabular morphology, rendering conventional ap radiographs necessary for planning pelvic osteotomies.
Medikamenteninduzierte Lungenveränderungen und unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Meiler Stefanie , Hamer Okka Wilkea
Published: August 2022

Bereits mehrere Hundert Substanzen sind als potenziell lungenschädigend bekannt. Zu den häufigsten Auslösern einer medikamentös induzierten Pneumonitis („drug-related pneumonitis“, DRP)
zählen Chemotherapeutika, antiinflammatorische Medikamente, kardiovaskuläre Medikamente und Antibiotika. Die Einführung der Biologika/Immuntherapeutika in die Krebstherapie hat die Inzidenz
weiter erhöht.
Diagnostik und Behandlung von duralen AV-Fisteln
Authors: Solymosi László
Published: August 2022

Durale arteriovenöse Fisteln machen 10 – 15% aller intrakraniellen Gefäßmalformationen aus. Sie werden heute als erworbene Erkrankungen angesehen, die nach Sinus- und/oder Venenthrombosen,
Traumen und Operationen auftreten. Radiologische Aufnahmen, die diese Fisteln zeigen, werden nicht selten fehlinterpretiert. Im folgenden Beitrag sind die typischen Veränderungen
insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Bildgebung dargestellt.
Comparison of Glioblastoma Outcomes in Two Geographically and Ethnically Distinct Patient Populations in Disparate Health Care Systems
Authors: Mirza Farhan A. , Baqai Muhammad Waqas S. , Hani Ummey , Hulou Maher , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad , Enam Syed Ather , Pittman Thomas
Published: August 2022

Introduction Variations in glioblastoma (GBM) outcomes between geographically and ethnically distinct patient populations has been rarely studied. To explore the possible similarities and differences, we performed a comparative analysis of GBM patients at the University of Kentucky (UK) in the United States and the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Pakistan.

Methods A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for GBM between January 2013 and December 2016 at UK, and July 2014 and December 2017 at AKUH. Patients with recurrent or multifocal disease on presentation and those who underwent only a biopsy were excluded. SPSS (v.25 IBM, Armonk, New York, United States) was used to collect and analyze data.

Results Eighty-six patients at UK (mean age: 58.8 years; 37 [43%] < 60 years and 49 [57%] > 60 years) and 38 patients at AKUH (mean age: 49.1 years; 30 (79%) < 60 years and 8 (21%) > 60 years) with confirmed GBM were studied. At UK, median overall survival (OS) was 11.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9–14) months, while at AKUH, median OS was 18 (95% CI: 13.9–22) months (p = 0.002). With gross-total resection (GTR), median OS at UK was 16 (95% CI: 9.5–22.4) months, whereas at AKUH, it was 24 (95% CI: 17.6–30.3) months (p = 0.011).

Conclusion Median OS at UK was consistent with U.S. data but was noted to be longer at AKUH, likely due to a younger patient cohort and higher preoperative Karnofsky's performance scale (KPS). GTR, particularly in patients younger than 60 years of age and a higher preoperative KPS had a significant positive impact on OS and progression-free survival (PFS) at both institutions.
Patients with Invasive Tumors and eNOS Gene Polymorphisms with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Tend to Have Poorer Prognosis
Authors: Siroya Hardik Lalit , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Aripirala Prasanthi , Ramesh Shruthi Shimoga , Bhat Dhananjaya Ishwar , Shukla Dhaval Prem , Konar Subhash Kanti , Christopher Rita
Published: August 2022

Context Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms are found to predict predisposition to aneurysmal rupture and development of vasospasm in a patient of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). eNOS gene polymorphisms are also found to predict invasiveness of malignant cells. Studies are not available in literature to describe the effect of eNOS gene polymorphisms and correlation between aneurysm and carcinoma. This study aims to investigate whether positive cancer history influences clinical outcome following SAH and eNOS gene polymorphisms.

Materials and Methods The eNOS gene polymorphisms were analyzed in seven consecutive patients (mean age, 52.28 ± 20 years) with a diagnosis of invasive systemic tumors from 2011 to 2017. The eNOS 4a/4b eNOS -786T> eNOS894G > T polymorphisms of the eNOS gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results Seven patients of aneurysmal SAH in association with malignancies were studied for eNOS polymorphisms expression and outcome. Three patients had carcinoma cervix: one patient of carcinoma breast and one each of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder, spindle cell carcinoma of left kidney, and untreated patient of atypical pituitary (adenoma). A genotype study of eNOS gene polymorphisms in these patients shows common polymorphisms are involved in the determination of disease progression in malignancies and aneurysmal SAH.

Conclusion Patients who expressed 4ab, eNOS -786T > TT/CC/TC, eNOS894G > T GG/GT polymorphisms did better than patients who expressed only 4bb, though both were associated with poor prognosis.
Intradural Extramedullary Metastasis from Primary Carcinoma of Breast via Brachial Plexus Perineural Spread: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dandekar Anurag Chandrakant , Chaudhari Mahesh P.
Published: August 2022

Intradural extramedullary metastasis from breast carcinoma is a rare occurrence. Furthermore, patients with primary breast carcinoma presenting with neurological symptoms in the first place are even rarer, which was the case in our patient. A 60-year-old woman presented with left upper limb monoparesis for 2 years and rapidly progressive weakness in the left lower limb for 1 week. The patient was evaluated and investigated to find primary left breast carcinoma with metastasis to multiple sites including C5-T1 intradural extramedullary spread. The patient was treated surgically, and decompression and tissue diagnosis were achieved to form a base for starting adjuvant therapy and safeguarding further neurological deterioration due to cord compression. In advanced metastatic cancer, preservation of neurologic function is the goal of surgical treatment. Thorough evaluation of patients presenting with a neurological deficit is always mandatory. Patient education is equally important for palliative treatment as well as to help reduce the burden of metastatic diseases.
Impact of Body Weight, Height, and Obesity on Selection of Skin Entry Point for Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Patgaonkar Prasad , Goyal Vaibhav , Agrawal Utkarsh , Marathe Nandan , Patel Vivek
Published: August 2022

Background Prospective evaluation of the effect of physical parameters like height, weight and abdominal girth on different skin entry points in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) in lower lumbar discs.

Methods This prospective study involved 174 patients with unilateral radicular pain or discogenic back pain, central, paracentral disc herniations and lateral canal stenosis at the level from L3 to S1 radiologically confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and failed conservative trial for 6 weeks. All patients underwent measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal girth preoperatively. All the four possible entry points, i.e., 45 to 45, posterolateral (PL), tip of spinous process (TOSP), and dorsum of the facet joint, were marked and point midway between PL and TOSP (PL-TOSP) skin entry was used.

Results The change in the value, i.e., distance from midline of all the entry points with physical parameters like height, weight, BMI, and abdominal circumference was statistically significant. The visual analog scale score decreased from a preoperative value of 7.98 to 1.84 at 6 months follow-up. The Oswestry disability index score improved from 72.53 to 16.26.

Conclusion The entry point in TELD is not a fixed value as it varies with the physical parameters like weight and abdominal girth of the patient. PL-TOSP is a safe entry point for common pathologies like central, paracentral herniations and lateral canal stenosis in lower lumbar levels and can be predicted preoperatively by proposed formula.
A numerical study of the natural transition in a gas–liquid two-phase boundary layer over a flat plate taking account of interphase slip
Authors: Liu Bin , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Yongming
Published: August 2022

The natural transition in a gas–liquid two-phase boundary layer over an underwater flat plate is studied, taking into account the interphase slip between gas and liquid. An interphase slip model is proposed to determine the dynamic viscosity of the two-phase flow based on the physical origins of fluid viscosity. The model is then applied to laminar flow calculation, instability analysis, transition prediction, and prediction of the spectrum of wall fluctuating pressure in the laminar region. Numerical calculations are conducted for boundary layers for different void fractions, including liquid single-phase flow at a zero void fraction. The results reveal the differences between two-phase and single-phase flows and show that these differences become more obvious as the void fraction increases: (i) the thickness of the two-phase laminar boundary layer becomes less; (ii) the unstable zone becomes larger; (iii) the transition location moves upstream, and the transition advance distance caused by the microbubbles becomes longer and is proportional to the void fraction; (iv) the dangerous frequency becomes higher, and the frequency bandwidth becomes wider; and (v) the wall fluctuating pressure in the laminar region becomes stronger, and its peak frequency becomes slightly higher. As the oncoming flow velocity increases, the transition advance coefficient becomes smaller, and the dangerous frequency becomes higher. The comparison of the results of the interphase slip model and those of the conventional homogeneous flow model implies that the above differences between two-phase and single-phase flows are caused by the interphase slip between gas and liquid.
Tension-induced toughening and conductivity enhancement in sequentially bridged MXene fibers
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S , Zhang Jizhen , Bacal Christine Jurene O , Qin Si , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Lynch Peter A , Naebe Minoo , Henderson Luke C , Hegh Dylan , Razal Joselito M
Published: August 2022

Ti3C2T
x
MXene is a promising active material for developing fiber-based devices due to its exceptional electrical conductivity and electrochemical capacitance. However, fabricating robust fibers with high MXene content remains challenging due to shortcomings such as low interfacial adhesion between sheets and shrinkage-induced sheet disorientation during processing, leading to diminished physical and electrochemical properties. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tough, conductive, and electrochemically active fibers through a sequential bridging strategy involving calcium cation (Ca2+) infiltration of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-bridged MXene, cross-linked and dried under tension. The resulting fibers exhibited a record toughness of ∼2.05 MJ m−3 and retained high volumetric capacitance (∼985 F cm−3), attributed to the synergistic CNC bridging, Ca2+ cross-linking, and tension application during fiber drying. These fibers also surpass the conductivity of their unaligned pristine MXene counterpart (∼8347 S cm−1 vs ∼5078 S cm−1), ascribed to the tension-induced improvement in MXene alignment within these fibers, mitigating the undesirable effects of inserting an insulating CNC bridge. We anticipate that improving the toughness and conductivity of sequentially bridged MXene fibers will pave the way for the production of robust multifunctional MXene fibers, allowing their use in practical high-performance applications like wearable electronics and energy storage devices.
Constitutive modeling for the flow stress behaviors of alloys based on variable order fractional derivatives
Authors: Meng Ruifan , Cao Liu , Zhang Qindan
Published: August 2022

During hot working, alloys may experience three kinds of flow stress behaviors, including strain hardening, strain softening, or steady flow, because of the competition of work hardening and thermal softening. Modelling the flow stress behaviors plays an essential role in understanding the mechanical properties of alloys. In this paper, the variable order fractional model is provided to describe the flow stress behaviors of alloys. The variation of the fractional order between 0 and 1 can reflect the mechanical property changing between solids and fluids. By assuming that the fractional order varies linearly with time, the proposed model can describe both the strain softening and strain hardening behaviors of alloys. The model fitting results are compared to the experimental data of A356 alloy for strain softening and Cu-Cr-Mg alloy for strain hardening under different temperatures and strain rates. It is validated that the variable order fractional model can accurately describe the flow stress behaviors of alloys. Furthermore, the rule of the variable order is also discussed to analyze its overall values and the changes before and after the yield point. It is concluded that the variation of the fractional order can intuitively reveal the changes in mechanical properties in the flow stress behaviors of alloys, including both strain softening and strain hardening.
Stretchable thin film inductors for wireless sensing in wearable electronic devices
Authors: Ding Xiuping , Shen Ethan , Zhu Yujie , Moran-Mirabal Jose M
Published: August 2022

The unique soft and elastic nature of stretchable electronics has potential to advance wearable devices as human-machine interfaces. The integration of wireless power and data communication technology into stretchable electronics, which could be realised by inductive coupling and oscillator circuits, is key to achieve continuous monitoring of body signals with minimally invasive devices. As one of the main components for inductive coupling and oscillator circuits, the development of stretchable inductors is therefore compelling. The most common strategy to fabricate stretchable inductors is to add periodic waves to a spiral conductor, which provides mechanical robustness but inevitably increases resistance. In this work, we introduce a method to fabricate stretchable inductors, which relies on creating a wrinkled thin film inductor on a polystyrene substrate, functionalizing the inductor surface with an adhesive layer, and then transferring the structure onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer. Contrary to inductors created through the addition of periodic wave patterns, the wrinkled inductor features low resistance while providing high stretchability. The wrinkled inductors fabricated using this approach exhibited 30% decrease in resistance compared to their flat counterparts of the same size and geometry. Resistance and inductance under uniaxial stretching remained unchanged up to 45% strain, revealing exceptional electrical and mechanical stability. The strong chemical bonding between the functionalized wrinkled inductor and the PDMS elastomer contributes to the robustness and long-term stability of the device. This method provides an added advantage of miniaturization of the stretchable inductor, as it is shrunk to 16% of its original size during the wrinkling process. This technology has potential for building high performance stretchable inductors for stretchable wireless electronic devices and can eventually benefit the design of electronics for implants, health care monitoring and wearable communication.
Approximation by polyanalytic functions in Hölder spaces
Authors: Mazalov M.
Published: August 2022

The problem of approximation of functions on plane compact sets by polyanalytic functions of order higher than two in the Hölder spaces

C
m

C^m

,

m
∈
(
0
,
1
)

m\in (0,1)

, is significantly more complicated than the well-studied problem of approximation by analytic functions. In particular, the fundamental solutions of the corresponding operators belong to all the indicated Hölder spaces, but this does not lead to the triviality of the approximation conditions.

In the model case of polyanalytic functions of order 3, approximation conditions and a constructive approximation method generalizing the Vitushkin localization method are studied. Some unsolved problems are formulated.
Cytoplasmic keratins couple with and maintain nuclear envelope integrity in colonic epithelial cells
Authors: Stenvall Carl-Gustaf A. , Nyström Joel H. , Butler-Hallissey Ciarán , Jansson Theresia , Heikkilä Taina R. H. , Adam Stephen A. , Foisner Roland , Goldman Robert D. , Ridge Karen M. , Toivola Diana M.
Published: August 2022

Cytoplasmic keratins couple with SUN2 and lamin A at the nuclear envelope and maintain plectin, LINC complex, lamin and lamin-associated protein levels in colonic epithelial cells. Loss of keratin 8 has no major impact on nuclear shape and size, but compromises nuclear envelope integrity basally and during shear stress.
Blood Brothers
Authors: James Leslie
Published: August 2022

In British West African and Caribbean colonies in the 1930s fascism felt urgently close to people’s lived reality. Grappling with the nature of fascism, by comparing it with their lived reality under colonialism, became a site of critical intellectual debate. Yet genealogies of ideas about fascism have overwhelmingly tended to historicise and theorise fascism’s intellectual history from Europe. Histories that include arguments about fascism by colonised people nevertheless leave the impression that these debates occurred primarily among a few intellectuals living in metropolitan spaces, rather than in the colonies themselves. By mining newspapers as sites of intellectual debate, this article shows that questions about the relationship between colonialism and fascism encompassed broad plebeian and intellectual participants in a range of spaces. Their debate revises our intellectual genealogy of fascism by confirming that anti-colonialism was foundational to anti-fascism. It also revises our understanding of fascism. The embodied knowledge articulated by colonised peoples helps decipher fascism as excess by reconfiguring the very relationship between fascism and other political ideologies from one of polarities to one of proximity. When fascism is viewed from the perspective of colonised peoples, the base and root from which its excess springs comes into sharper relief
Class, Conservation, and the Police Power in the American Gilded Age: The Origins of Lawton v. Steele
Authors: Meyer William B
Published: August 2022

The leading police power case of Lawton v. Steele, decided by the US Supreme Court in 1894, offers insight into the question of judicial class bias during the decades following the Civil War. Conflict arose in rural northern New York State over restrictions on livelihood fishing by nets imposed to protect sport angling by affluent tourists. Opposition to the restrictions was grounded in a producerist worldview and class consciousness. The matter reached the courts in a challenge to state laws permitting the summary destruction, without legal process, of nets placed illegally. Seemingly prohibited by the Fourteenth Amendment and previous case law, such destruction was upheld by a Supreme Court divided along ideological lines, correlating with the justices’ Whig or Jacksonian antecedents. The dissenters, those of Jacksonian sympathies, argued unsuccessfully against the challenged laws.
Plural Texts: On Rereadings
Authors: Chihaya Sarah
Published: August 2022

This review considers Columbia University Press’s ongoing Rereadings—an ambitious series of short books that aims to rethink both individual novels and the larger question of what constitutes “academic” criticism. Focusing on three of the four current entries in the series—Peter Coviello’s reread of Thomas Pynchon’s Vineland, Ivan Kreilkamp’s of Jennifer Egan’s A Visit From the Goon Squad, and Kate Zambreno’s of Hervé Guibert’s To the friend who did not save my life—many of the pressing questions that arise from these books, seen together, ultimately reflect the institutional conditions of their writing and reception.“The university press is and must continue to be a space for new thought and forms of inquiry, but what happens when the university itself cannot or will not sustain the thinkers who produce this work?”
Genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis in Ectinogonia (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) suggest a complex evolutionary history in these polymorphic jewel beetles from Chile
Authors: Anguita-Salinas Simón , Barahona-Segovia Rodrigo M , Poulin Elie , Zúñiga-Reinoso Álvaro
Published: August 2022

Ectinogonia is a genus of jewel beetles from the western slope of the Andes Cordillera, inhabiting arid and semiarid ecosystems in different biogeographical provinces. Most of the species in this genus have undergone several rearrangements and misassignments over time, making the taxonomic history of Ectinogonia particularly complex. Recent studies based on molecular phylogenies suggest that the taxonomy of the genus should be revised using genetic tools. Because some species are polymorphic and others cryptic and monomorphic, species diversity may be over- or underestimated. We performed here the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for Ectinogonia s.s. using nuclear and mitochondrial genes. We also performed species delimitation analyses to estimate diversity within Ectinogonia. Results show that Ectinogonia is divided into two main groups: the artificial ‘southern group’ and the natural ‘northern clade’. The southern group matched with the current morphology-based taxonomy, whereas the northern clade contained the largest number of species, several of which do not fit with the current taxonomy. There was both genetic-morphological uncoupling and crypsis by convergence, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. We also provide a new taxonomic arrangement based on our results.
Finance as an (ever more fragile) ‘perpetual mania’: have they all lost their collective minds?
Authors: Palma José Gabriel
Published: August 2022

This paper analyses events in financial markets since the 2008 financial crisis in both the developed and the developing worlds, giving especial attention to the processes of ‘financialisation’. Its main conclusion is that we are paying the price (a huge one) for two related phenomena. The first relates to the failure of economic theory since the 1970s, especially (although not only) of the mainstream type, to really take on board those developments in the world of international finance that ‘did not fit in their models’ (such as the 1970s stagflation; Volker’s subsequent radical monetarist recession; the ‘savings and loan’ debacle following Reagan’s financial liberalisation and deregulation―policies reinforced in the 1990s; the inability of both monetarists, and traditional Keynesian policies to revert Japan’s ‘lost decade’; and the ‘endogenous’ nature of the 2008 financial crisis). Basically, economic theory has failed to reinvent itself when needed as it did after the 1930s crash. The second, in turn, relates to the fact that rocketing the net worth of a few individuals was a rather odd way to reactivate fragile economies after the 2008 crisis and the 2020 pandemic. But when rentier agents were allowed to become ‘too-large-to-be-challenged’, it was likely that these newly (and artificially) created ‘whales’ would capture policy-making and take it in this direction―leaving the politicians and central bankers to tell stories explaining why the very rich should become the biggest welfare recipients of all time. As one group of Native Americans used to say, ‘Those who are better at storytelling will dominate the world’.
Comprehensive Analysis of Fragile X Syndrome: Full Characterization of the FMR1 Locus by Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Liang Qiaowei , Liu Yingdi , Liu Yaning , Duan Ranhui , Meng Wanli , Zhan Jiahan , Xia Jiahui , Mao Aiping , Liang Desheng , Wu Lingqian
Published: August 2022

Background

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of inherited X-linked intellectual disability. Conventional FXS genetic testing methods mainly focus on FMR1 CGG expansions and fail to identify AGG interruptions, rare intragenic variants, and large gene deletions.

Methods

A long-range PCR and long-read sequencing-based assay termed comprehensive analysis of FXS (CAFXS) was developed and evaluated in Coriell and clinical samples by comparing to Southern blot analysis and triplet repeat–primed PCR (TP–PCR).

Results

CAFXS accurately detected the number of CGG repeats in the range of 93 to at least 940 with mass fraction of 0.5% to 1% in the background of normal alleles, which was 2–4-fold analytically more sensitive than TP–PCR. All categories of mutations detected by control methods, including full mutations in 30 samples, were identified by CAFXS for all 62 clinical samples. CAFXS accurately determined AGG interruptions in all 133 alleles identified, even in mosaic alleles. CAFXS successfully identified 2 rare intragenic variants including the c.879A > C variant in exon 9 and a 697-bp microdeletion flanking upstream of CGG repeats, which disrupted primer annealing in TP–PCR assay. In addition, CAFXS directly determined the breakpoints of a 237.1-kb deletion and a 774.0-kb deletion encompassing the entire FMR1 gene in 2 samples.

Conclusions

Long-read sequencing-based CAFXS represents a comprehensive assay for identifying FMR1 CGG expansions, AGG interruptions, rare intragenic variants, and large gene deletions, which greatly improves the genetic screening and diagnosis for FXS.
The Perils of Progressive Jurisprudence: The Nullum Crimen Sine Lege Principle in International Criminal Law
Authors: Akhavan Payam
Published: August 2022

The nullum crimen sine lege principle is a fundamental principle of human rights, prohibiting both retroactive application of crimes as well as expansive interpretations and extensions by analogy. Yet throughout its historical evolution, from the emergence of novel crimes in the Charters of the International Military Tribunals at Nuremberg and Tokyo, to the expansive interpretations of such crimes by contemporary jurisdictions such as the ICTY, ICTR and ICC, international criminal law has been characterized by a privileging of substantive justice over the principle of legality. From filling normative lacunae to evolutionary adaptation of existing norms, the humanitarian interests underlying the criminalization of atrocities is often invoked to justify progressive jurisprudence. The paper considers whether this sensibility is a cause for celebration or a cause for concern, and whether the nullum crimen sine lege principle should be applied less strictly in the context of international criminal law.
ASCUE: An Adversarial Network-Based Semantical Conformance Checking Method for Unsupervised Event Extraction in Social Internet of Things
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Cheng Huangfei , Cao Bin , Wang Jiaxing , Fan Jing
Published: August 2022

Event extraction (EE) methods are widely used in the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) to help objects obtain the key information from messages shared by other objects. Existing supervised EE methods can only extract predefined events and can hardly extract events with unseen event types. To address this issue, we propose an unsupervised EE method based on the idea of semantic role labeling. However, after extracting all possible events from a given message text, some of these events face the semantically inconsistent issue that will destroy the information credibility in SIoT. To solve this issue, we present ASCUE, an adversarial network-based semantic conformance checking method for unsupervised EE in SIoT. Briefly, ASCUE first mines all the event candidates from a given text unsupervisedly. Next, ASCUE introduces two independent Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers models to capture the semantics of the event candidate and text, respectively. Moreover, to enable the model to achieve competitive performance as label embedding for semantic conformance checking, an adversarial network is added into ASCUE’s training stage. Finally, ASCUE extracts all the events that are semantically consistent with the original text by classifying them into two categories: semantically consistent and semantically inconsistent. In addition, since the existing datasets do not label whether the events are semantically consistent with the original text, we re-annotate an existing dataset to fit our task. Experimental results on the re-annotated dataset show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of accuracy and F1 scores.