bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF SMES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND AFRICA
Authors: Mustafa Ayobami Raji  , Hameedat Bukola Olodo  , Timothy Tolulope Oke  , Wilhelmina Afua Addy  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole
Published: March 2024

The digital transformation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is a critical phenomenon shaping the global business landscape. This paper presents a comparative review between the United States and Africa, exploring the diverse trajectories of digitalization within these regions. While the USA is often at the forefront of technological advancements, Africa's SMEs exhibit unique challenges and opportunities in their digital transformation journey. In the United States, SMEs have embraced digital technologies to enhance operational efficiency, improve customer experiences, and gain a competitive edge. The adoption of cloud computing, data analytics, and e-commerce platforms has become ubiquitous, fostering innovation and scalability. This comparative study delves into the specific strategies employed by American SMEs to navigate the complexities of the digital era. On the contrary, African SMEs face distinct hurdles in their digital transformation efforts. Infrastructure limitations, limited access to capital, and a diverse economic landscape present unique challenges. However, this review sheds light on the innovative approaches taken by African SMEs to overcome these barriers. Leveraging mobile technology, localized digital solutions, and collaborative networks, African SMEs are carving out their digital paths. Moreover, this comparative review emphasizes the role of government policies and support mechanisms in shaping the digital transformation landscape for SMEs in both regions. By examining regulatory frameworks, funding initiatives, and skill development programs, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the ecosystem supporting SMEs in their digital evolution. The digital transformation of SMEs is a dynamic process with distinct nuances in the USA and Africa. While American SMEs benefit from advanced technological infrastructures, African SMEs showcase resilience and adaptability in leveraging digital tools to overcome challenges. Understanding these diverse trajectories is essential for policymakers, businesses, and researchers seeking to foster inclusive and sustainable digital growth globally.

Keywords:  Digital Transformation, SMEs, USA, Africa, Review.
Mental well-being and fear
Authors: Kujala Pietari , Niemelä Mikko
Published: March 2024

There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the association between mental well-being and fear of crime. This study utilises several measures of well-being and fear to examine how poorer affective well-being is associated with affective fear of crime in Finland. In addition, the article explores the extent to which feelings of unsafety and generalised distrust moderate this association. The research comprised 2020 survey data representing the Finnish-speaking population in mainland Finland. Descriptive methods, median regression, and interaction terms are used for the analyses. These results indicate that poorer affective well-being is positively associated with a stronger affective fear of crime in Finland. Furthermore, feelings of unsafety and generalised distrust were found to moderate the considered association. This indicates that the perceived risk of victimisation facilitates the association between poorer affective well-being and stronger affective fear of crime in Finland.
CAPACITAÇÃO DE GESTORES ESCOLARES, UM CAMINHO PARA A MELHORIA DA QUALIDADE DE ENSINO: PERCEPÇÕES DOS GESTORES ESCOLARES E PROFESSORES DE QUATRO ESCOLAS DO ENSINO PRIMÁRIO EM MAPUTO, MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Mubai Marta da Glória da Conceição , Manuel Alzira
Published: March 2024

O presente estudo analisa as percepções dos gestores e professores do ensino primário de quatro escolas públicas do município de Ka Mpfumo (duas), Lhamankulu (uma) e Ka-Mubukwana (uma), em Maputo, Moçambique, em relação à capacitação em gestão escolar em que os gestores participaram. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que apresenta resultados parciais de um estudo realizado no âmbito dos estudos de doutoramento em Educação. O estudo usou entrevistas semi-estruturadas e teve como respondentes quatro gestores escolares e oito professores. Para a selecção das escolas e dos respondentes foi utilizado o processo de amostragem intencional, tendo sido seleccionados directores de escolas que beneficiaram do curso de formação de gestores escolares no Instituto de Formação de Professores em Maputo, no período 2014-2017 e professores que trabalharam nestas escolas antes e depois da capacitação dos gestores. O estudo entre outros aspectos, revelou que os entrevistados reconhecem a importância e a necessidade da formação contínua de gestores escolares. Perceberam que a formação contínua dos gestores escolares contribui, não só para a actualização dos conhecimentos adquiridos no passado, entre os participantes, mas principalmente para o desenvolvimento de novas competências para uma gestão inovadora, proactiva, democrática e flexível. Os resultados também mostraram que o facto de a metodologia usada na formação ter sido a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projectos contribuiu, em grande medida, para que os gestores (formandos) pudessem ter a oportunidade de reflectir sobre problemas reais que afectam as suas instituições, e exercitarem possíveis soluções.
MANIFESTAÇÕES CUTÂNEAS EM CRIANÇAS: DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO
Authors: Irber Marcio Alessandro de Oliveira Batista , Faria Patrícia Antunes , Rennó Julia Wanderley , Aguiar Thayná Gomes de , Pereira Giovanna Maria Gomes Bandeira
Published: March 2024

Manifestações cutâneas em crianças constituem uma área ampla e desafiadora da dermatologia pediátrica, abrangendo uma variedade de condições que podem apresentar-se de forma distinta em pacientes mais jovens. O diagnóstico e tratamento adequados dessas manifestações são fundamentais não apenas para a saúde dermatológica, mas também para o bem-estar geral e a qualidade de vida das crianças. A compreensão precisa dessas condições requer uma abordagem abrangente que leve em consideração fatores como a idade do paciente, histórico médico, características clínicas e potenciais desafios na aplicação de tratamentos. Objetivo da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura: Analisar criticamente a literatura científica recente para fornecer uma visão abrangente das manifestações cutâneas em crianças, focando no diagnóstico diferencial e opções de tratamento disponíveis.Metodologia:A revisão foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. As bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science foram pesquisadas por artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os descritores utilizados foram "manifestações cutâneas", "crianças", "diagnóstico", "tratamento" e "dermatologia pediátrica". Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos que abordaram especificamente manifestações cutâneas em crianças, diagnóstico e tratamento, enquanto os critérios de exclusão incluíram estudos que não estavam disponíveis em texto completo, não eram em língua inglesa ou não abordavam diretamente o tema. Resultados: A análise da literatura revelou uma ampla gama de manifestações cutâneas em crianças, incluindo eczema, acne, dermatite seborreica, entre outras. Diferentes condições foram discutidas em termos de características clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial e opções de tratamento. Abordagens terapêuticas variadas foram consideradas, incluindo terapias tópicas, sistêmicas e intervenções não farmacológicas. Conclusão: Esta revisão destaca a importância do reconhecimento precoce e diagnóstico preciso das manifestações cutâneas em crianças, bem como a necessidade de abordagens terapêuticas individualizadas. A compreensão abrangente dessas condições é essencial para fornecer cuidados dermatológicos eficazes e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pediátricos.
Konsep Muhammad Abduh Tentang Islam Rasional Di Era Modern
Authors: Mulfi Harry
Published: March 2024

Muhammad Abduh was born in Mahallat District village, Al-Bahirah province in 1266 H / 1849 AD and died in 1322 H / 1905 AD Muhammad Abduh was a scholar and well-known Reformist figure in modern times. He is an intellectual who wants modernization efforts for the rise of modern Islam. Abduh wanted an Islam based on rationality in order to release Muslims from the shackles of imitation, static, and old age which were the main causes of the decline of the ummah.

            Muhammad Abduh for him, Islam is a rational religion. religions that have a harmonious relationship with the ratio, complement each other and that cannot be separated. Rationalism is the only method that can lead every Muslim to the way to obtain truth, peace and true faith. Not only that, rationalism can also make Muslims excel in advances in science and technology.

            Muhammad Abduh in his term Al-Aqlaniyah Al Islamiyah, namely Islamic rationality, is against the skepticism which is anti-reason and exaggeration of reasoning. Ummah should not be satisfied simply standing on the gate of a text without maximizing the potential of the ratio in mengintrepetasikan implied meaning and interpretation in the Qur'an. In conclusion, Muhammad Abduh wanted to create a modern Islamic civilization that excelled in the advancement of science and technology by maximizing the potential ratio based on the Al-Qur'an (Allah) and Hadith (Rasul).
Pengaruh Pembinaan Mental Keagamaan Terhadap Prajurit TNI Kosek Hanudnas III Medan Polonia
Authors: Jurmiana Lenda
Published: March 2024

This study talks about the religious mental development of the TNI at Soewondo Airfield in Medan, Polonia. To create members who are weighty or classy, both themselves and their religion are formed religious mental formation structures. With this bintal activity in order to further enhance the personality that is better in terms of attitude and behavior. The creation of coaching is because many soldiers do not control their emotions in carrying out their duties because Soldiers are trained in very harsh and disciplined conditions. With this study, the authors conducted a qualitative research approach, namely research conducted directly on the subject under study, to obtain data on the problem. Soewondo Air Base's religious mental development program is a means of forming a soldier's identity so that he has a healthy mentality and upholds Islamic teachings so that he can become a role model for soldiers and society. The results showed that the form of mental religious development at the Hanudnas III boarding school in Medan that studying is the most compulsory thing that is done by every human being, because studying is a form of worship as the Prophet Muhammad SAW said. This method is carried out through routine recitation activities, yasin, tahlil, warning Islamic holidays and so on. Supporting factors in the effort to develop mental religion are the religious spirit of the TNI members themselves, the harmony of life between religious communities around the headquarters and the disciplined military environment, while the inhibiting factor is the differences in character or personality between TNI members.
Aspek-Aspek Teologi Islam dalam Pernikahan Tradisi Mepahukh Masyarakat di Desa Darul Amin, Kecamatan Lawe Alas, Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara
Authors: Nasution Armin , Sahpitri Ratna
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Religion is a religion which kaffah covers all fields of science including Islamic Theology, Sociology, Tawheed and Philosophy, culture and customs are no exception. Talking about marriage and traditions, the people of Kutacane, especially those in Darul Amin village, are very famous for their very strong customs and culture. The mepahukh tradition is a custom carried out by young people and girls after the wedding ceremony. The problem in this study is how the process and what is the importance of this mepahukh tradition to be carried out.

This research uses qualitative methods by means of observation and interviews as well as literature study, a research approach that uses a religious approach, the purpose of this research is to find out and will try to describe why the traditional marriage or mepahukh tradition in the community in Darul Amin village has been maintained until now. The results of this study indicate that the mepahukh tradition has procedures that have been determined by custom in the process of carrying it out and to find out the aspects of aspects of Islamic theology in that tradition.

Keywords : Aspects of Islamic Theology, Mapahukh Tradition Marriage
Relawan dalam Perspektif Islam (Studi : Aksi Cepat Tanggap Cabang Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Novita Ade , Abbas Mardhiah , Ekowati Endang
Published: March 2024

Humans are weak creatures who are powerless to face natural disasters, which have an impact on all aspects of life. Volunteers on this issue, present for humanity and natural disasters. Volunteers are the most needed fighters at the right time and on the front lines. The Humanitarian Foundation for Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) is an organization whose members are called volunteers. ACT is spread across various regions in Indonesia, one of its branches is in Medan, namely Aksi Cepat Tanggap, North Sumatra Branch (ACT Sumut). The purpose of this study is to find out what is meant by volunteering from an Islamic perspective and to find out how the role of Aksi Cepat Tanggap’s North Sumatra Branch is as a humanitarian movement (volunteers). The method used is field research with a qualitative research approach. Sources of data were obtained from volunteers in ACT North Sumatra. The findings of the study found that Islam appeals to work and do good deeds outside the scope of profit and loss, namely voluntary work or volunteering who only expects the pleasure of Allah SWT. Volunteers are in line with what Islam teaches, for example in terms of helping. In conclusion, a volunteer in an Islamic perspective is a person or group of people who aim to help people who need humanitarian assistance voluntarily to include people who are in the way of Allah. ACT North Sumatra plays a role as a liaison between the beneficiary (donors and benefactors) to parties they cannot reach directly to provide humanitarian assistance to people in need.
Peranan Zikir dan Doa Terhadap Kesehatan Jiwa di Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Al-Kholidiyah di Desa Sei Pasir Kecamatan Sei Kepayang Timur Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Gunawan Lubis Rizki
Published: March 2024

This article will explore the role of remembrance and prayer on mental health in the Naqsyabandiyah Order in Sei Pasir Village, Asahan Regency. The Naqsabandiyah Order is not just a ritual teaching, it focuses on the human spiritual approach to God Almighty. The implementation of remembrance is part of the method of approaching Allah SWT. The formulation of the problem in this study is 1. The role of remembrance and prayer for mental health in the Naqsyabandiyah Order located in Sei Pasir Village, Sei Kepayang Timur District, Asahan Regency 2) How are the practices of the Naqsabandiyah Order in the Naqsyabandiyah Order located in Sei Pasir Village, Subdistrict Sei Kepayang Timur, Asahan Regency 3) How is the influence of the teachings of the Naqsabandiyah Order in Sei Pasir Village, Sei Kepayang Timur District, Asahan Regency on the surrounding community? This study aims to determine the form of the role of remembrance and prayer on mental health in the Naqsyabandiyah Al Kholidiyah Order in Sei Pasir Village, Sei Kepayang Timur District, Asahan Regency. This type of research is a qualitative field research. This research is pursued by the steps of collecting, classifying and analyzing or processing data, making conclusions and reports with the main aim of making an overview of a situation objectively from a description. The approach according to the researcher according to the theme of this research is the sociocultural approach. Zikir in the Naqsyabandiyah Order in Sei Pasir Village, Sei Kepayang Timur District, Asahan Regency, from remembrance of ismu substance, remembrance of lathaif and with practices such as repentance, talqin allegiance, and remembrance. The results of the study illustrate that people who follow the teachings of Tariqah Naqsabandiyah in their lives are calmer, more open to the way, the problems they face are felt with a well-controlled mind. The daily life of the tariqah congregation is more confident in the destiny of life from Allah SWT, more istiqomah in living life, in society the congregation has more high social awareness, and upholds the dignity of fellow living creatures as Allah's creation. in Sei Pasir Village, Sei Kepayang Timur District, Asahan Regency, more giving social roles in social life to people who follow tariqah. Because he can be trusted in carrying out his mandate as a leader and prioritizes the public interest.
Praktek Tasawuf Pada Thoriqoh Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyah di Kelurahan Terjun Kecamatan Medan Marelan
Authors: Rohana Rohana
Published: March 2024

This article aims to explore the teachings on Thoriqoh Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyyah related to soul purification, through practices taught through the guidance of Mursyid Teachers. Which with Sufism becomes the antidote to solve problems related to the heart. With tarekat as the way. This study discusses specifally about the ways of purification or cleansing of the soul in Thoriqoh Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyyah. the result is that in Thoriqoh Qodiriyyah Naqsyabandiyyah there are stages of purification of the soul through the Sufism method, namely tahalli, takhalli, and tajalli.
Tradisi Pengobatan Mambang Deo-Deo Dalam Pandangan Akidah Islam di Kepenghuluan Teluk Pulai Kecamatan Pasir Limau Kapas Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Authors: Syukri Syukri
Published: March 2024

This thesis is entitled "Tradition of Treatment of MambangDeo-deo in the View of the Islamic Faith in the PenghuluanTelukPulai District, PasirLimauKapas District, RokanHilir Regency". This tradition is a treatment that is carried out with the supernatural power of a bomo or shaman, by summoning a supernatural being or called Mambang who is considered to be able to treat or cure a sick patient. This study uses a qualitative method and conducts research in a field research that comes from religious leaders, bomo or shamans from the treatment of MambangDeo-deo, and the chairman of the Malay Traditional Institute. Then supported by literature studies related to theoretical opinions. Allah swt does tell his creatures to try, because without effort it is impossible to achieve anything, as well as in the case of treatment for every disease there is a cure, if treated with Allah's permission, it will heal. However, sometimes there are deviations in carrying out treatment and contrary to Islamic creed, as contained in the MambangDeo-deo medical tradition where in practice there are deviations that have the potential to be doubtful (unclear). In carrying out treatment, it should be done without violating the rules of Islamic law. This shows that medical practices that are contrary to the main teachings of Islam must be rejected because they are contrary to Islamic teachings.
Karakteristik dan Corak Pemikiran Teologi Islam Klasik dan Modern
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: March 2024

Classical theology is a legacy from past theologies in the span of Islamic history and has apologetic characteristics (long debates on the area of mortal sin, eschatology, heaven and hell and the eternity of the Qur'an) and romantic remembers and longs for the greatness and excellence of past theologians without filling and preparing for global competition to be faced, while the style of modern theological thinking is to prioritize substance rather than form, and function Islamic values to overcome concrete community problems such as ignorance, poverty, unemployment, and social backwardness and develop science and science within the framework of prosperity and the peace of mankind on this earth. The two theological styles that exist in society make the color of the paradigm of Islamic theology must be able to be dialecticized by adherents of more moderate theology, so that abandoning classical theology does not mean leaving totality but changing the construct of thinking towards the substance of ijtihad in accordance with messages of humanist values.
Jiwa Keberagamaan Generasi Milenial di Kelurahan Titi Kuning Kecamatan Medan Johor
Authors: Kumullah Rahimah , Anwar Husnel
Published: March 2024

Generation is marked by the increasing use of digital media and technology.  With the progress of the development of the global world has caused a change in perspective.  The level of perspective of the millennial generation is more progressive about religion.  This is developing in line with advances in technology for easy access to information.  The results of the study show 1) The diversity of adolescents is seen from five elements.  a) The subject's faith admits that he believes in the existence of Allah, Allah as his Lord and protector.  God who gives health and sustenance.  b) Knowledge and understanding of religious teachings, the subject knows about Islam from the pillars of Islam.  c) Ritual worship, all subjects have performed ritual worship, namely prayer, fasting, zakat.  d) The subject's religious experience has felt his religious experience such as feeling very happy to pray, pray midnight, dhuha and make fortune always smooth.  e) Consequences of faith, subjects have solidarity among friends in the form of helping each other, being polite to older people, working together, and helping each other among friends is a form of worship that they consider important in life.  2) The origin of diversity in the millennial generation, the subject gains knowledge of the basics of different religions.  Most get religious knowledge from their parents, and get religious education from certain institutions.  In the millennial era, it is not only family, educational institutions, friendship circles, and organizations that are factors that influence the process of religious learning for young Muslims.  Social media actually contributes to student religious learning as a Go-Jek partner.  Because of current technological developments, those who used to take part in studies by coming to mosques in this millennial era, students only watch studies via the internet or YouTube channel. After conducting research, this research focuses on the religious spirit and religious origins of adolescents in the Titi Kuning Village, Medan, Johor.  This study uses the theory of Starkan an Glock, namely diversity with five dimensions: ideological, ritualistic, intellectual, experiential and consequential.  This research method uses a type of qualitative research.  Data Collection Techniques using Interview Methods or interviews, observation, and documentation.  Miles and Huberman's qualitative data analysis technique.
Menjadi “Filosof Muslim” di Media Sosial: Referensi dari Husein Ja’far Al-Hadar
Authors: Husin Lubis Zakaria
Published: March 2024

This article is of the view that the presence of philosophy in cyberspace, especially YouTube, has eliminated the "heavy side" of philosophy. Philosophy is constructed in an entertainment style that is easy to watch, even though it cannot necessarily be understood and interpreted as it should be. The emergence of philosophy on YouTube has succeeded in establishing the authority of philosophers for the individuals who popularized it. Research data was explored from Husein Ja'far Al-Hadar's YouTube channel. To facilitate research, the research question was asked about the process of "becoming a philosopher" in the world of YouTube. Research findings suggest that the process of becoming a Muslim philosopher on YouTube is formed through the number of followers and consistency in discussing philosophy. Then, authority is strengthened by social attributes, such as educational background, social status and knowledge of Islamic philosophy. Lastly, the authority of Muslim philosophers formed through YouTube makes philosophy not express its true form because it exists as entertainment which is contradictory to the orthodoxy of Islamic philosophy.

Keywords: Muslim Philosopher, Youtube, Authority and Husein Ja'far.
Interactive Snow Avalanche Segmentation from Webcam Imagery: results, potential and limitations
Authors: Hafner Elisabeth Doris , Kontogianni Theodora , Caye Daudt Rodrigo , Oberson Lucien , Wegner Jan Dirk , Schindler Konrad , Bühler Yves
Published: March 2024

Abstract. For many safety-related applications such as hazard mapping or road management, well documented avalanche events are crucial. Nowadays, despite research into different directions, the available data is mostly restricted to isolated locations where it is collected by observers in the field. Webcams are getting more frequent in the Alps and beyond, capturing numerous avalanche prone slopes several times a day. To complement the knowledge about avalanche occurrences, we propose to make use of this webcam imagery for avalanche mapping. For humans, avalanches are relatively easy to identify, but the manual mapping of their outlines is time intensive. Therefore, we propose to support the mapping of avalanches in images with a learned segmentation model. In interactive avalanche segmentation (IAS), a user collaborates with a deep learning model to segment the avalanche outlines, taking advantage of human expert knowledge while keeping the effort low thanks to the model's ability to delineate avalanches. The human corrections to the prediction in the form of positive clicks on the avalanche or negative clicks on the background result in avalanche outlines of good quality with little effort. Relying on IAS, we extract avalanches from the images in a flexible and efficient manner, resulting in a 90 % time saving compared to conventional manual mapping. If mounted in a stable position, the camera can be georeferenced with a mono-photogrammetry tool, allowing for exact geolocation of the avalanche outlines and subsequent use in geographical information systems (GIS). In this way all avalanches mapped in an image can be imported into a designated database, making them available for the relevant safety-related applications. For imagery, we rely on current and archive data from webcams that cover the Dischma valley near Davos, Switzerland and capture an image every 30 minutes during daytime since the winter 2019. Our model and the associated mapping pipeline represent an important step forward towards continuous and precise avalanche documentation, complementing existing databases and thereby providing a better base for safety-critical decisions and planning in avalanche-prone mountain regions.
Comparison of shortwave radiation dynamics between boreal forest and open peatland pairs in southern and northern Finland
Authors: Peräkylä Otso , Rinne Erkka , Ezhova Ekaterina , Lintunen Anna , Lohila Annalea , Aalto Juho , Aurela Mika , Kolari Pasi , Kulmala Markku
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Snow cover plays a key role in determining the albedo, and thus the shortwave radiation balance, of a surface. The effect of snow on albedo is modulated by land use: tree canopies break the uniform snow layer, and lower the albedo, as compared to an open ground. This results in a higher fraction of shortwave radiation being absorbed in forests. At seasonally snow-covered high latitudes, this lowering of the albedo has been suggested to offset some or all of the climate cooling effect of the carbon stored by forests. We used long-term in situ measurements to study the albedo and shortwave radiation balance of two pairs of sites, each consisting of an open peatland and a forest. One pair is located in northern and one in southern Finland in the boreal zone. We found that both forest sites had a low, constant albedo during the snow-free period. In contrast, both peatland sites had a higher snow-free albedo, with a clear seasonal cycle. This seasonal cycle was presumably caused by changing near-infrared albedo, as the albedo for photosynthetically active radiation was considerably more constant over the season. During the snow-covered period, the peatland sites again had higher albedo than the forest sites. The transition between the high and low albedo upon snow accumulation and especially snowmelt was more abrupt at the peatland sites. The annual difference in absorbed shortwave radiation between the peatland and the forest site was greater in the northern site pair, due to longer snow cover duration. This was partially offset by the greater difference in snow-free albedos at the southern site pair. Annual variation in the differences in absorbed shortwave radiation between forest and peatland sites was mainly controlled by the snow melt date at the peatland sites. These findings have implications for the future climate, as snow cover continues to evolve under global warming.
cloudbandPy 1.0: an automated algorithm for the detection of tropical–extratropical cloud bands
Authors: Pilon Romain , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Persistent and organized convective cloud systems that arise in convergence zones can lead to the formation of synoptic cloud bands extending from the tropics to the extratropics. These cloud bands are responsible for heavy precipitation and are often a combination of tropical intrusions of extratropical Rossby waves and processes originating from the tropics. Detecting these cloud bands presents a valuable opportunity to enhance our understanding of the variability of these systems and the underlying processes that govern their behavior and that connect the tropics and the extratropics. This paper presents a new atmospheric cloud band detection method based on outgoing longwave radiation using computer vision techniques, which offers enhanced capabilities to identify long cloud bands across diverse gridded datasets and variables. The method is specifically designed to detect extended tropical–extratropical convective cloud bands, ensuring accurate identification and analysis of these dynamic atmospheric features in convergence zones. The code allows for easy configuration and adaptation of the algorithm to meet specific research needs. The method handles cloud band merging and splitting, which allows for an understanding of the life cycle of cloud bands and their climatology. This algorithm lays the groundwork for improving our understanding of the large-scale processes that are involved in the formation and life cycle of cloud bands and the connections between tropical and extratropical regions as well as evaluating the differences in cloud band types between different ocean basins.
Deep clustering in subglacial radar reflectance reveals subglacial lakes
Authors: Dong Sheng , Fu Lei , Tang Xueyuan , Li Zefeng , Chen Xiaofei
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Ice-penetrating radar (IPR) imaging is a valuable tool for observing the internal structure and bottom of ice sheets. Subglacial water bodies, also known as subglacial lakes, generally appear as distinct, bright, flat, and continuous reflections in IPR images. In this study, we use available IPR images from the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains to extract one-dimensional reflector waveform features of the ice–bedrock interface. We apply a deep-learning method to reduce the dimension of the reflector features. An unsupervised clustering method is then used to separate different types of reflector features, including a reflector type corresponding to subglacial lakes. The derived clustering labels are then used to detect features of subglacial lakes in IPR images. Using this method, we compare the new detections with a known-lakes inventory. The results indicate that this new method identified additional subglacial lakes that were not previously detected, and some previously known lakes are found to correspond to other reflector clusters. This method can offer automatic detections of subglacial lakes and provide new insight for subglacial studies.
Analysis of the de-icing procedures effect on the flight safety level in the operation of a long-haul passenger airplane
Authors:   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation (Irkutsk branch), Skorobogatov Sergey V.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this article is to investigate the barrier ice accretion after aircraft de-icing, as well as to analyze the impact of it on flight safety. The influence degree of the flight speed factor, the factor of the ice ridges location relative to the aircraft Pitot tubes on the airflow disturbance creation and the total pressure indicators pulsations is studied. It was analyzed the aviation accidents related to the aircraft icing process. A detailed study of the incident caused by the barrier ice in the fuselage nose section was performed; weather conditions and de-icing procedure by the ground personnel were analyzed. It has been presented a picture of the turbulent flow pulsations behind the ice ridges, making it possible to determine the flight conditions when the crew may receive unreliable information about the airspeed being an important parameter necessary for the autopilot normal operation.
Assessment of equipment performability depending on the manifestation of random and non-random factors
Authors:   SOYUZCERT LLC, Khersonsky Nikolai S. , Bolshedvorskaya Ludmila G. ,   Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation
Published: March 2024

The main motive for conducting the study was the need to consider in detail the change in equipment performability depending on the manifestation of random and non-random factors. The results obtained will make it possible to solve particular problems conditioned by the need to assess the survivability of equipment, the likelihood of its service life or radical replacement.
Multiarea Economic-Emission Dispatch Using Simplex Based Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Authors: Chopra Namarta , Brar Y. S. , Dhillon J. S.
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces the hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Simplex Search Method (SSM) in the field of Multi Area Power Dispatch (MAPD) problem. The proposed simplex based particle swarm optimization (SPSO) helps in refining the global solution obtained using PSO, with local search through SSM. As in today’s power industry, the energy flow between the areas and fossil fuel emissions from the generating units are of major concern. So, the objective of MAPD is to reduce the overall generation cost of the areas along with the reduction of pollutants’ emissions also. The comparison with Single Area Power Dispatch (SAPD) system is done to understand the benefit of resolving the whole region into small areas. Due to the conflicting nature of both the objectives, Price Penalty Factor (PPF) method is used to convert the multiobjective problem into single objective optimization problem while satisfying its various equality and inequality constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on a test system consisting four areas, twelve generator system under both MAPD and SAPD cases. These cases are compared with each other and with the available literature to show the robustness of the proposed method.
Perceptions and Use of Library Resources Among Students in Selected Junior High Schools in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Adjei Silas
Published: March 2024

Library use in Ghana is found to be poor, especially among junior high students. The limited use of the library mostly stems from the fact that students’ decisions to utilize the library or not are largely influenced by their opinions of libraries, in addition to the availability of library resources. Perceptions people hold are very powerful because they affect how they relate to and use particular objects. However, research examining junior high school students’ perceptions about libraries in Ghana is limited. The current study explores perceptions and use of library resources among 150 students selected from 2 junior high schools in Accra. Findings showed that the students use the school library very frequently, with the majority indicating usage during break time. Additionally, visiting the school library to read remains the dominant purpose of using school libraries among the students. They also reported a high level of satisfaction and a positive perception of the staff in their school library.
Práticas de literatura no ensino médio: um (re)pensar sobre a leitura literária e a formação do leitor
Authors: Paula Leônia Souza de , Magalhães Epaminondas de Matos
Published: March 2024

Ler é condição fundamental para a produção de conhecimento e configura-se em um contexto mediado pela linguagem como forma de interação humana. Este estudo objetivou refletir sobre as práticas de incentivo à leitura literária no contexto escolar, bem como a formação do leitor a partir do gênero romance. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com características da pesquisa-ação, desenvolvida por meio do Método Recepcional (BORDINI; AGUIAR 1988), no segundo semestre de 2022. Tais práticas foram vivenciadas por meio do projeto pizza literária com estudantes do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, da Escola Estadual Ulisses Guimarães, localizada no município de Campo Verde-MT. Como aporte teórico, utilizou-se Brasil (1998), Aguiar (2001), Lajolo (1997), Freire (1998), dentre outros. Conclui-se que a leitura literária promove situações de apreciação, diálogo e interação do leitor e autor, quando mediadas pelo texto literário, bem como fortalece o contato dos jovens com a literatura.
Da formação inicial à formação continuada para ensino de inglês: o que dizem os professores de Serra Talhada-PE?
Authors: Cavalcanti Larissa de Pinho , Silva Mirian Shirley Gomes da
Published: March 2024

Este artigo apresenta e discute alguns dos dados coletados na realização do projeto de iniciação científica “A Formação dos Professores de Inglês e suas Implicações para o Ensino Público de Serra Talhada” desenvolvido entre 2021 e 2022. O objetivo geral do estudo era fazer um levantamento de demandas de formação dos professores municipais de língua inglesa atuando no referido município a partir do perfil de formação desses professores. Fizemos o levantamento das escolas municipais que ofereciam ensino de língua inglesa no Ensino Fundamental II, entrevistamos os professores por meio de uma entrevista estruturada e analisamos suas respostas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com nove professores inicialmente de forma online, em decorrência da modalidade híbrida de funcionamento das escolas à época, passando para a modalidade presencial posteriormente. A análise das entrevistas seguiu a leitura interpretativa e discussão à luz da literatura. Foi possível verificar a autopercepção de fluência dos professores bem como suas dificuldades em articular seus saberes sobre metodologias e práticas de ensino-aprendizagem.
Does Tourism Development Influence the Economic Growth in Pakistan? Evidence from ARDL and Causality Approach
Authors: Iqbal Mujahid , Khawer Aminah , Khan Ghulam Sajjad , Irshad Muhammad Saqib
Published: March 2024

This study analyzes the influence of tourism development on economic growth (GDP) in the case of Pakistan's economy using the time series data covering the spanning from 1995-2022. In order to unveil reliable and robust results, a more appropriate time-series approach was applied for the current article. Time series unit root tests infer that all the variables have unit root problems at levels I(0), however, after taking the first difference I(1), all series turn into following the stationary process. Furthermore, (ARDL) bound test reveals that a long-term cointegration prevails among all analyzed variables. The Granger causality test is also utilized to check the causal relationship among the series. The long-run elasticity estimates examine a statistically significant and positive link between the sect tourism sector GDP growth in the case of Pakistan. Furthermore, political instability and inflation rate have an inverse influence on GDP growth, whereas, capital investment has a positively significant influence on GDP growth. In addition, it is concluded that tourism sector development helps to move upward shift in the economy of Pakistan by generating more profits for the country. Finally, it is suggested that goverment should have to focus on investing in the tourism sector and provide better facilities for tourists.
Fang Xianting’s Contribution to the Study of China’s Industrial Development (1920s–1930s)
Authors:   Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of sciences, Borokh Olga
Published: March 2024

The article examines the history of the searches for China’s industrialization strategy in the writings of Fang Xianting. The experience of studying the history of the industrial development of England and the influence of the German historical school became important components of his understanding of China’s economic prospects in the first half of the 20th century. The starting point for the study of Chinese economy was Bücher’s classification of types of industrial organization in their historical evolution. Analysis of data collected by Fang Xianting on the socio-economic characteristics of a number of industries (carpet industry, cotton industry) made it possible to identify the obstacles to industrialization. The scholar recommended focusing on the development of rural industry while avoiding following the Western model of concentration of large enterprises in the cities. Rural industry needed no large investments, resources and sophisticated equipment, it could use the labor of peasants and was not under the control of foreign powers. Although China’s rural industry suffered from reduction in sales to foreign markets during the global crisis, Fang Xianting hoped for its revival and transformation into a driving force for industrialization. In the development of small-scale decentralized production, he saw the possibility of counteracting foreign dumping, preserving the family as a production unit and maintaining social stability. The scholar recommended developing a system of rural cooperatives that can protect the economic interests of producers and increase the competitiveness of Chinese goods. It is concluded that Fang Xianting’s research has become an important part of the advancement of Chinese economists towards a deeper understanding of the prospects of China’s industrialization that take into account national specifics. His research method combined the collection of objective economic information with the study of political, social and legal institutions for the sake of identifying the impact of industrialization on Chinese society. Emphasis on the priority of rural industry reveals the historical origins of the economic strategy in the initial stage of Chinese reforms in the 1980s that was aimed at improving the living standards of peasants through the development of rural industries.
History of Economic Thought by the Eyes of a Structuralist (Part 2. Marshall, «Reorientation of the Theory of Value» and Outsiders)
Authors:   Institute оf Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orekhovsky Petr
Published: March 2024

The article represents the second part of structuralist notes on the history of economic thought. The first part dealt with the classical school, and now the emphasis is on the history of marginalists and neoclassicism. It also characterizes outsider economists who believe that the development of science has gone the wrong way, ignoring unproductive economic activities and growth blocking mechanisms. The most significant discoveries pushed to the fringes of the mainstream by authoritative discourse are the variants of unequal exchange and different purchasing value of money considered by Chamberlin and Robinson, as well as the lack of a homogeneous relationship between costs, utility, and price, implicitly present in the works of Schumpeter. With regard to consumer goods and services, the absence of such existence a homogeneous relationship was discovered by Veblen, although it is still considered an exception. However, fund-saving scientific and technological progress makes it a rule to replace machines with new machines that are superior to the old ones both in quality and in price. More productive machines and technologies are also cheaper per unit of useful effect. The history of thought legitimizes many provisions of the modern mainstream, which are particular «marginal» cases. Considering the consequences of the crisis of 2008–2009, one should expect further fragmentation of the history of thought and the loss of its function of legitimizing the directions of modern theory.
Regions of Russia at the End of 2023: Have They Managed to Overcome the Crisis Recession?
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zubarevich Natalia
Published: March 2024

Sectors of the Russian economy had different trajectories during the crisis and at the stage of recovery from it, especially in the regional dimension, the dynamics were influenced by different factors. The specialization of industry led to the accelerated growth of the military-industrial complex regions, a strong decline in the automotive industry regions or negative dynamics in regions with a high share of export products; a quarter of the regions did not overcome the decline. Fiscal impulse played an important role in construction and investment, growth accelerated compared to 2022, Far East regions with big infrastructure projects are leading. Institutional factors influenced housing construction dynamics the most, housing construction in the two largest agglomerations began to decline. The decline in retail trade has not been overcome throughout the country, especially in the agglomerations of federal cities. In public catering, growth was faster in the largest agglomerations, in regions with cities with a population of over a million and near SVO zone. The dynamics of recovery are not synchronous either by economic sector or by geographic projection. The unemployment rate in manufacturing regions is ultra-low. The dynamics of wages is influenced by the factor of economic specialization; in 2023, it grew faster in regions with a significant share of military-industrial complex sectors. Over the two-year period, household incomes did not recover in most regions of the North-West, where the main industries were hit harder by the sanctions. The state of the consolidated budgets of the regions is quite stable, but in social sectors expenditures grew more slowly.
Pembelajaran IPA Berorientasi Pada Framework Strategic Vision and Direction for Science (SVDS) PISA 2024
Authors: Latip Abdul
Published: March 2024

Penelitin ini bertujuan mengkaji secara literatur megnenai pembelajaran IPA berorientasi pada Framework Strategic Vision and Direction for Science (SVDS). Kajian literatur yang dilakukan menggunakan Narrative Literatur Review (NLR) dengan 4 tahapan utama, yaitu menentukan topik kajian, mencari dan menyeleksi literatur, menganalisis dan mengkritisi literatur, dan menentukan struktur logis untuk narasi dari kajian literaturnya. Hasil kajian literatur menunjukkan bahwa 1) pada SVDS terdapat penambahan domain literasi saintifik, yaitu scientific identity yang menggantikan scientific attitude. 2) Domain scientific knowledge terdiri atas pengetahuan yang mendukung untuk pemecahan masalah kompleks berkaitan dengan isu-isu di sekitar, pengetahuan dalam memberikan apresiasi dalam perkembangan ilmu, serta pengetahuan tentang data, struktur dan perilaku sistem pemorsesan informasi. 3) Pada domain scientific competencies terjadi penambahan dua kompetensi dan mengeliminasi satu kompetensi, yaitu kompetensi menggunakan pengetahuan sains dalam memutuskan tindakan, keterampilan berpikir probabilistik, keterampilan mengevaluasi dan merancang penyelidikan ilmiah, dan keterampilan menginterpretasi data dan bukti ilmiah. 4) Pada domaian tambahan, yaitu scientific identitiy terdiri atas Science Capital, Critical science agency, Inclusive science experiences and practices, Ethics and values. Pembelajaran IPA yang dapat dirancang antara lain pembelajaran IPA berpendekatan socio-scientific issues (SSI), pembelajaran IPA dengan tema-tema sustainable development goals, pembelajaran IPA dengan pendekatan Historical Inquiry Cases (HIC), pembelajaran IPA berbantuan Machine learning and artificial intelligence, dan pembelajaran IPA dengan Inquiry Based Learning (IBL)