bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The purportedly Indo-Australian gecko species Cnemaspis timoriensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) is actually the first named species of the neotropical genus Gonatodes Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: RÖSLER HERBERT , GRISMER L. LEE , INEICH IVAN , KAISER HINRICH
Published: April 2019

Only a single known specimen of Cnemaspis timoriensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) exists, the holotype in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, France. Purportedly collected by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré in the year 1818 on Timor Island in the Lesser Sunda Archipelago during the circumnavigation of the globe by the vessel L’Uranie, intensive research on Timor has failed to produce additional specimens or any similarly appointed gecko. Using a series of detailed morphological comparisons, we provide irrefutable evidence that the animal in question is not a member of Cnemaspis but of the neotropical genus Gonatodes. Furthermore, we ascertained that C. timoriensis is conspecific with G. humeralis, a widely distributed South American species. We also show that a specimen labeled with the timoriensis name in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany is not conspecific and not part of a type series. While the taxon name timoriensis has nomenclatural priority over the two-decades-younger name humeralis, usage would dictate that to preserve the nomenclatural stability of neotropical geckos the junior synonym should be retained. An application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to this effect is in preparation.
New and additional records of hyperiidean amphipods of the infraorder Physosomata (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) from the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean
Authors: ZEIDLER WOLFGANG
Published: April 2019

New and additional records of hyperiidean amphipods of the infraorder Physosomata from the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean, based on specimens in the USNM, are documented. They represent several range extensions for species previously recorded from the region as well as 14 new records with another three recorded from within a few degrees north of the Antarctic Zone. The following species represent new records for the Antarctic Zone: Lanceola loveni loveni, L. sphaerica, Megalanceoloides remipes, Microphasmoides vitjazi, Mimonecteola diomedeae, M. macronyx, Mimonectes diomedeae, M. loveni, Cheloscina antennula, Ctenoscina macropa, Scina curilensis, S. incerta, S. stebbingi and S. vosseleri. In addition, Lanceola felina, L. loveni grossipes and L. pacifica are recorded for the first time from the Southern Ocean, just 1°–3°N of the Antarctic Zone.
Review of the genus Zelleria Stainton (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae, Yponomeutinae) in East Asia, with description of a new species
Authors: NA SOL-MOON , PONOMARENKO MARGARITA G. , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: April 2019

Zelleria Stainton, 1849 from the East Asia is reviewed. Zelleria asiatica Na, Bae & Ponomarenko, sp. nov. is described from Korea and Russia. Three species are redescribed and provided with a key to species, illustrations of adult, male and female genitalia, diagnoses, and descriptions. Z. japonicella Moriuti, 1977 is reported from Korea for the first time.
A Prototype Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Algorithm for Operational S-Band Polarimetric Radar Utilizing Specific Attenuation and Specific Differential Phase. Part I: Algorithm Description
Authors: Wang Yadong , Cocks Stephen , Tang Lin , Ryzhkov Alexander , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Jian , Howard Kenneth
Published: April 2019

A prototype quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithm that utilizes specific attenuation A and specific differential phase KDP was developed for inclusion into the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system and the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network. Special attention is given to the optimization of the factor α used for computation of a path-integrated attenuation from a total span of differential phase along the propagation path in rain. It is suggested to estimate α from a slope of the ZDR dependence on Z in rain. The use of real-time adjusted α allows us to capture the variations of the drop size distributions, and therefore improve the QPE accuracy. It is demonstrated that the factor α is generally higher for tropical rain type compared to continental rain. Since the R(A) approach is only valid for pure rainfall, the R(KDP) relation is suggested as a complement in areas of hail contamination. The paper contains a description of the basic version of the R(A) and R(KDP) algorithm and recommendations for its further optimization.
Effect of interlocking pattern on short beam strength of 3D woven composites
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Hamdani Syed TA , Zubair Muhammad , Nawab Yasir
Published: April 2019

Natural fiber-based preforms possess various attractive characteristics in different applications due to their light weight, value for money and compatibility with the environment. The possible tailorable shapes and mechanical properties make these more attractive for composites applications. Earlier, researchers focused on characterizing preforms for composites, but this work emphasis on the outcome of the weave patterns on composites performance. Mechanical performance (especially shear beam strength) of the 3D layer-to-layer and through-the-thickness prefroms with different interlocking patterns was deliberated. Composites were fabricated using 3D woven jute preforms and green epoxy system. The diverse performance of composites was compared. The effect of weave pattern remained prominent in their composites.
Counteracting shame, recognizing desire: Managing the emotional reverberations of criminalizing HIV nondisclosure in Canada
Authors: Kilty Jennifer M. , Orsini Michael
Published: April 2019

This article considers how emotions shape law through specific consideration of the criminalization of HIV nondisclosure in Canada. As the majority of these cases involve heterosexual sex, we argue that Canada’s aggressive prosecution is partially driven by carceral feminist attitudes toward protecting women’s sexual purity. We contend that emotions structure punitive mentalities in ways that contribute to the expansion of carceral culture into new sites of surveillance, in this case the field of public health and the HIV/AIDS frontline service sector. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted with frontline workers in AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) across Canada, we explore the emotionally laden nature of disclosure for people living with HIV and those who counsel them. Emotions shape the narrative arc of disclosure and counselling practices, commanding significant emotional labour.
Dying to live: Youth violence and the munpain
Authors: Bakkali Yusef
Published: April 2019

This article engages with accounts of the everyday experiences of young adults living in London who have been involved with road life (street culture) and how their narratives might help us to better understand issues of youth violence in the UK. Through an exploration of their experiences, this article argues that deeply embedded structural contradictions are leaving a generation of marginalised young people dying to live as they become locked in an existential struggle against a sense of malaise permeating many of their everyday experiences. These experiences of social suffering are conceptualised through ‘the munpain’. The munpain is a psychosocial concept which articulates the impact of structurally routed violence, inherent in late-modern neoliberal states, within the everyday lives of marginalised young adults living in a contemporary urban context. This article draws on interview data from two young men, Stephen and T, who have both been victims of knife crime and have spent much of their lives involved with youth groups self-identifying as gangs. In this article, I demonstrate some of the often unspoken struggles that saturate their lives. These experiences induce agentic responses as people seek to alleviate their suffering, at times affecting them in ways that lead to acts of violence. Moreover, I also elaborate on the inductive methodological approach employed to denote how ‘the munpain’ was developed while working alongside marginalised young adults.
An analytical approach of filament bundle swinging dynamics, Part I: Modeling filament bundle by ANCF
Authors: Wang Yongxing , Li Shujia , Ma Xunxun , Zhang Dayu , Feng Pei , Wang Shengze
Published: April 2019

A filament bundle is a kind of filament assembly with less twist or nontwist. It is a viscoelastic body and has a large aspect ratio. Its large deformation during motion over a wide range is a universal phenomenon in many textile processes. The dynamic viscoelasticity of the filament bundle, gravity, and air resistance are three important factors affecting the filament bundle's dynamic behavior. Taking account of these factors, a filament bundle dynamics analysis method is proposed in a series of three papers. This paper, the first in the series, presents an approach to model the dynamics of the flexible filament bundle with viscoelasticity and to analyze its dynamic behavior under the action of gravity and air resistance. The filament bundle element (FBE) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), in which slope vectors and global coordinates are applied. The approach presented in this paper is well suited for the analysis of large deformation motions of filament bundles. As an example, a dynamic model was established to predict the filament bundle's trace during its swinging through large displacements under the action of gravity and air resistance, taking into account the filament bundle viscosity. The nonlinear differential equations of the filament bundle system were solved using MATLAB. Furthermore, the swing traces of the filament bundle in a closed Plexiglas box with different vacuum degrees were recorded using a high-speed camera to prove the validity of the established filament bundle model based on ANCF.
Postoperative Pain and 14-Day Recovery in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: Low Thermal Damage Device Versus Electrosurgery
Authors: Blake Kathryn V. , Hossain Jobayer , Chafin Brett , Black Angela , Schrum Stefanie , Josephson Gary
Published: April 2019

This was a randomized controlled trial of low thermal damage device versus traditional electrosurgery in children 3 to 17 years old with a clinical diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, or recurrent adenotonsillitis. Pain score (Wong-Baker FACES pain scale) was recorded each morning before eating, drinking, or administering pain medication for 14 days postoperatively. Seventy-five children were enrolled. There was no difference in the rate of decrease in pain scores. A significant interaction between rate of pain decrease and number of pain medication doses was present ( P < .0001). Median number of pain medication doses was greater with electrosurgery (36, range: 7-49) versus low thermal device (21, range: 2-124; P = .001). Pain scores reached 0 after a median of 7 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-8.6) for low thermal device and 9 days (95% CI, 8.0-10.0) for electrosurgery ( P = .67). One child randomized to electrosurgery was withdrawn due to hospitalization for postoperative bleed. In children, low thermal device results in significantly less pain medication used during the postoperative period than electrosurgery.
Conflating Temporal Advancement and Epistemic Advancement: The Progression Bias in Judgment and Decision Making
Authors: Zhou Haotian , Li Xilin , Sim Jessica
Published: April 2019

When seeking out the truth about a certain aspect of the world, people frequently conduct several inquiries successively over a time span. Later inquiries usually improve upon earlier ones; thus, it is typically rational to expect the finding of a later inquiry to be closer to the truth than that of an earlier one. However, when no meaningful differences exist between earlier and later inquiries, later findings should not be considered epistemically superior. However, in these cases, people continue to regard findings from later inquiries as closer to the truth than earlier ones. In 10 experiments, when later inquiries conflicted with—but did not epistemically improve upon—earlier ones, participants’ global judgments about the truth aligned more with later findings than earlier ones, an effect referred to as progression bias. The liability to progression bias may have severe ramifications for the well-being of the society and its members.
Alcohol, conflict, and aggression in intimate relationships: A dyadic approach
Authors: Eckhardt Christopher I. , Parrott Dominic J. , Crane Cory A.
Published: April 2019

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a critical public health problem that requires clear and testable etiological models that may translate into effective interventions. While alcohol intoxication and a pattern of heavy alcohol consumption are robust correlates of IPA perpetration, there has been limited research that examines this association from a dyadic perspective. In the present review, we discuss compelling reasons for understanding dyadic factors that assist our understanding of alcohol-facilitated IPA, review the relatively small number of studies that have investigated such factors, and provide a theoretical and methodological framework for researchers to conceptualize how to model alcohol-facilitated IPA from a dyadic framework.
A dehumanization perspective on dependence in low-satisfaction (abusive) relationships
Authors: Bastian Brock
Published: April 2019

The investment model of close relationships has focused on satisfaction and dependence (as it pertains to viable alternatives) as important indicators of relationship commitment and success. In this review, I apply a dehumanization perspective to understanding why abusive relationships can increase dependence in the context of low relationship satisfaction. I will argue that abusive relationships are likely to continue when (a) perpetrators of abuse fail to self-dehumanize, but continue to dehumanize their partner; (b) victimized partners self-dehumanize, but fail to dehumanize the perpetrator of their abuse; and (c) third-party observers dehumanize victimized partners. This pattern of dehumanization facilitates dependence due to a tendency for (a) perpetrators and victims to justify ongoing abusive behavior, (b) victimized partners to view themselves as unworthy of available relationship alternatives or incapable of developing economic alternatives, and (c) third-party observers to downgrade the social value of victims. Finally, I will review potential precipitators of these dynamics, drawing from research on Dark Triad traits to understand the longer term conditions under which dehumanizing processes may contribute to high levels of dependence under conditions of low levels of satisfaction. Applying a dehumanization perspective to abusive behavior within close relationships opens new lines of inquiry and provides an alternative framework for understanding how people may become entrapped and vulnerable in relationships where maltreatment persists.
Revival of water table experiments in fluid mechanics courses, part I
Authors: Goushcha Oleg
Published: April 2019

In a classroom environment, after a comprehensive theoretical discussion of compressible flows, it is beneficial to conduct a visual experiment in which students can observe these flows and some of the features associated with them. Experimental study of compressible fluid dynamics is associated with high equipment costs; therefore, conducting an experiment is not feasible for some colleges. This article describes an experiment implemented at Manhattan College upper division and graduate fluid dynamics courses at a relatively low cost. In the experiment, a water table hydraulic analogy was used. Theoretical considerations of this analogy are explained in this article. An area–velocity relation was used to study the Mach number at the exit of a Laval nozzle. The theory and measurement came within 10% of each other, which is sufficient for a teaching demonstration. This exercise can be conducted in two class sessions: (1) discussing the theoretical considerations and (2) performing the experiment and analyzing data. The overall experience is a good way to help students understand some of the compressible flow features, and further promote their interest in fluid mechanics.
Quantifying the Potential Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Adoption on Government Finances
Authors: Terry Jacob , Bachmann Chris
Published: April 2019

There is some understanding that autonomous vehicles will disrupt public sector policies and the existing transportation industry, but this disruption is often loosely defined and tends to ignore how it would affect governments financially. The primary objective of this paper is to quantify the short-term impact of introducing autonomous vehicles on government finances. The analysis focuses on eight Canadian governments, encompassing four government tiers. Public discourse and academic literature are used to generate nine predicted changes (forecast variables) in future adoption scenarios. Using the predicted rate of autonomous vehicle adoption, the remaining variables are converted into financial changes by combining them with government financial records, infrastructure inventory datasets, and project cost estimates. The results suggest that, while revenue impacts are fairly minimal, and mostly impact Canadian provinces, the cost of implementing the expected vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication upgrades could be expensive for governments with smaller populations, especially municipalities. The revenue analysis indicates the biggest shift is likely to be a loss in gas tax, which affects federal and provincial revenues, yet this share is relatively small compared with the size of these governments’ budgets. The expense analysis suggests that, although provinces have extensive road networks, the cost of upgrading all of their highways may not be unreasonable compared with their yearly revenue intake. On the other hand, municipalities would require substantial new funds to be able to make the same upgrades.
Biking the First Mile: Exploring a Cyclist Typology and Potential for Cycling to Transit Stations by Suburban Commuters
Authors: Mitra Raktim , Schofield James
Published: April 2019

Regional commuter rail has become an important means of traveling to urban employment centers across North America, but planners are faced with the challenge of connecting commuters from their origin or destination locations to a train station. Cycling may be an efficient and low-cost way of taking these transit-access trips. However, cycling behavior of rail commuters, particularly in a suburban context, remains understudied. This research examined perceptions of cycling and current cycling behavior of 257 transit users from three suburban commuter rail stations in the Toronto region, Canada. Using a cluster analysis approach, four distinct cyclist types were identified, namely: recreational cyclists (29%), all-purpose cyclists (10%), safety-conscious occasional cyclists (33%), and facility-demanding occasional cyclists (28%). Differences between these groups included different mode-choice motivations, tolerance for adverse weather conditions, comfort bicycling in various hypothetical traffic/infrastructure conditions, and current frequency of cycling for transportation and recreational purposes. The safety-conscious group included a higher percentage of women compared to other groups. Overall, 32.5% of regional transit users would be interested in cycling more often to rail stations. A higher proportion of recreational cyclists (compared to other groups) were “interested first-mile cyclists”, whereas the safety-conscious group had a significantly greater proportion of “uninterested” respondents. With careful planning of bicycle infrastructure and awareness campaigns targeting perceptions of cycling, there is much potential for cycling to accommodate a greater proportion of transit-access trips in suburban communities, reducing demand for automobile parking at transit stations.
A Pedestrian Exposure Model for the California State Highway System
Authors: Griswold Julia B. , Medury Aditya , Schneider Robert J. , Amos Dave , Li Ang , Grembek Offer
Published: April 2019

For this study, we developed one of the first statewide pedestrian exposure models, using log-linear regression to estimate annual pedestrian crossing volumes at intersections on the California State Highway System. We compiled a database of more than 1,200 count locations, one of the largest ever used to create a pedestrian volume mode. We initially evaluated 75 explanatory variables for the model. The final model is based on the three land-use variables (employment density, population density, number of schools), four roadway network variables (number of street segments, intersections with principal arterial and minor arterial roadways, and four-way intersections), and the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey journey-to-work walk mode share that are readily available or fairly easy to create using basic geographic information system analysis. The resulting pedestrian volume model was used to estimate annual crossing volumes at more than 12,000 intersections along the California State Highway System. This is one of the first statewide pedestrian volume models, and California may represent the largest jurisdiction to date to adopt a single, system-wide pedestrian volume model.
The Ivy League–Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study: A Report on Methods and First Findings
Authors: Putukian Margot , D’Alonzo Bernadette A. , Campbell-McGovern Carolyn S. , Wiebe Douglas J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Little is known about the nature of concussion injury among university student-athletes, including concussion incidence and rates across sports, the mechanisms of injury, the type of activity during competition or practice, and the time to return to academics, return to sport, and symptom resolution.

Purpose:

To describe methods of the Ivy League–Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study and first epidemiologic findings.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted with data accrued through a surveillance system that was launched in the 2013-2014 athletic season. Surveillance continues to operate by detecting and collecting sport-related concussion (SRC) cases and non-SRC cases in addition to outcomes among university student-athletes.

Results:

A total of 1922 cases of SRC (649 women, 1004 men) among athletes from 27 sports, including varsity sports and club rugby, were enrolled during the 5 athletic seasons from 2013-2014 through 2017-2018. American football had the most cases (n = 495, 25.8%), followed by women’s rugby (n = 199, 6.2%), men’s ice hockey (n = 106, 5.5%), men's lacrosse (n = 105, 5.5%), women's soccer (n = 103, 5.4%), wrestling (n = 93, 4.8%), and men's soccer (n = 89, 4.6%), and women's ice hockey (n = 78, 4.1%). The highest overall concussion rates occurred in women’s lacrosse (1.35 concussions per 1000 athletic exposures [AEs]) and football (1.26 per 1000 AEs). Rates of concussion were generally higher during competition than practice and were highest during wrestling competition (4.06 per 1000 AEs) and second highest during football competition (3.68 per 1000 AEs). The median number of concussion symptoms was 7. Time to symptom resolution was longer for athletes with ≥7 symptoms versus <7 ( P < .001) but did not differ across the 4 sports with rules comparable by sex and did not differ significantly between women and men (median, 8 vs 9 days, respectively). Women and men did not differ in days to return to academics, exertion activities, or competition.

Conclusion:

This multisite collaborative endeavor has produced a robust database yielding novel opportunities to better understand the epidemiology of concussion among university student-athletes participating in a variety of sports. Given the setting and number of cases, these findings add to our understanding of SRC and are the first of many that will be generated over the coming years from this large study that continues in its sixth year.
Data journalism and black-boxed data sets
Authors: Lowrey Wilson , Broussard Ryan , Sherrill Lindsey A.
Published: April 2019

This study explores the level of scrutiny data journalists from national, local, traditional and digital outlets apply to data sets and data categories, and reasons that scrutiny varies. The study applies a sociology of quantification framework that assumes a tendency for data categories to become “black-boxed,” or taken-for-granted and unquestioned. Results of in-depth interviews with 15 data journalists suggested these journalists were more concerned with data accessibility and ease of use than validity of data categories, though this varied across outlet size and level of story complexity.
The Effect of Seriousness and Device Use on Data Quality
Authors: Verbree Anne-Roos , Toepoel Vera , Perada Dominique
Published: April 2019

Nonserious, inattentive, or careless respondents pose a threat to the validity of self-report research. The current study uses data from the Growth from Knowledge Online Panel in which respondents are representative of the Dutch population in education, gender, and age over 15 years ( N = 5,077). By doing regression analyses, we investigated whether self-reported seriousness and motivation are predictive of data quality, as measured using multiple indicators (i.e., nonsubstantial values, speeding, internal data consistency, nondifferentiation, response effects). Device group and demographic characteristics (i.e., education, gender, age) were also included in these analyses to see whether they predict data quality. Moreover, it was examined whether self-reported seriousness differed by device group and demographic characteristics. The results show that self-reported seriousness and motivation significantly predict multiple data quality indicators. Data quality seems similar for different device users, although smartphone users showed less speeding. Demographic characteristics explain little of the variance in data quality. Of those, education seems to be the most consistent predictor of data quality, where lower educated respondents show lower data quality. Effect sizes for all analyses were in the small to medium range. The present study shows that self-reported seriousness can be used in online attitude survey research to detect careless respondents. Future research should clarify the nature of this relationship, for example, regarding longer surveys and different wordings of seriousness checks.
An implementation of the cubature Kalman filter for estimating trajectory parameters and air data of a hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Ding Zhijian , Zhou Huan , Wang Feng , Wu Dongsheng , Wu Yingchuan , He Yuanyuan
Published: April 2019

Trajectory parameters (including the position, velocity, and attitude angles of a vehicle) and air data (consisting of the flow angles, the Mach number, and the freestream static pressure) are vital data for the analysis and evaluation process in the hypersonic flight tests. This paper describes a data fusion estimation algorithm for a flush air data sensing system/inertial navigation system/global positioning system integrated system, which is used to estimate the trajectory parameters and air data for an unpowered hypersonic vehicle. In the approach, the raw outputs of flush air data sensing system (i.e. the surface pressure measurements) are integrated with global positioning system results (the vehicle’s position and velocity) and inertial navigation system measurements (including the acceleration and the angular velocity measurements) by using a nonlinear Kalman filter algorithm. Firstly, the system state vector is defined with the trajectory parameters, the biases of the inertial sensors and the winds. Then, the system dynamic models are built based on the motion equations of an unpowered hypersonic vehicle, the inertial sensor error models and the wind model. Besides, the system measurement vector is designed with the global positioning system results and the flush air data sensing system raw outputs. Based on these works, the system state is directly estimated by using the cubature Kalman filter algorithm. After that, the air data is calculated based on the estimated values and a high-fidelity model of atmosphere. Simulation cases are implemented to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed method could estimate the trajectory parameters and air data for hypersonic vehicle with a high precision.
Oncology Nurse Managers’ Perceptions of Palliative Care and End-of-Life Communication
Authors: Sawin Kathleen J. , Montgomery Kathleen E. , Dupree Claretta Yvonne , Haase Joan E. , Phillips Celeste R. , Hendricks-Ferguson Verna L.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe pediatric oncology nurse managers’ (NMs) perspectives of palliative care/end-of-life (PC/EOL) communication. The study, guided by group-as-a-whole theory and empirical phenomenology, was part of a larger, multisite study aimed at understanding pediatric oncology nurses’ experiences of PC/EOL communication. Nurses were assigned to focus groups based on length or type of experience (i.e., nurses with <1, 2–5, or >5 years’ work experience and NMs). Eleven NMs from three Midwestern pediatric hospitals with large oncology programs participated in one focus group. The participants’ mean years of experience was 15.8 in nursing and 12 in pediatric oncology; 90% had a BSN or higher degree; all had supervisory responsibilities. The authors identified 2,912 meaning statements, which were then analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Findings include NMs’ overall experience of “Fostering a Caring Climate,” which includes three core themes: (1) Imprint of Initial Grief Experiences and Emotions; (2) Constant Vigilance: Assessing and Optimizing Family-Centered Care; and (3) Promoting a Competent, Thoughtful, and Caring Workforce. Findings indicate that pediatric oncology NMs draw on their own PC/EOL experiences and their nursing management knowledge to address the PC/EOL care learning needs of nursing staff and patient/family needs. NMs need additional resources to support nursing staff’s PC/EOL communication training, including specific training in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs and national and hospital-based training programs.
Perceived Grief Among Caregivers of Patients With Dementia in China
Authors: Li Jufang , Li Yun , Li Ping
Published: April 2019

Chinese family caregivers of dementia patients suffer considerable grief in their caregiving activity; little research has been conducted on dementia caregivers’ grief in China. This study aims to (a) confirm the factor structure of the Mandarin version of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory–Short Form (MM-CGI-SF), (b) evaluate the levels of family caregivers’ grief, and (c) explore the best predictors of family caregivers’ grief. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 91 caregivers of dementia patients. The Mandarin version of the MM-CGI-SF had a three-factor structure. Family caregivers’ grief was at an average level. Family caregivers’ monthly household income and caring time per day predicted their own grief. The Mandarin version of the MM-CGI-SF possessed the same factor structure as the original English version, and the Chinese family caregivers experienced an average grief which was predicted by the monthly household income and caring time per day of the caregivers.
Florid Vascular Proliferation of the Small Bowel and Colon, a Potential Masquerader of Malignancy: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Whitney-Miller Christa L. , Cellini Christina , Huber Aaron R.
Published: April 2019

Vascular abnormalities and lesions of the small bowel and colon are rare. A florid vascular proliferation (FVP) associated with colon obstruction and intussusception has been described and can mimic malignant vascular tumors such as angiosarcoma. In this article, we report a case of colonic FVP associated with colon obstruction, a case of small bowel FVP associated with a Meckel’s diverticulum, and a case of small bowel FVP with intussusception. All cases occurred in older adults (mean 73 years of age, range 62-80 years of age). FVP grossly appeared as a mass-like lesion in one small bowel case, while the other cases did not demonstrate a grossly identifiable mass. Histologically, all cases demonstrated a transmural vascular proliferation with plump endothelial cells. No significant cytologic atypia was seen, and mitotic figures were rare. No recurrence was seen in all cases with an average follow-up of 22 months. It is important to be aware of this entity as it appears to be a nonneoplastic reactive process, unlike some of its histologic mimics.
Undifferentiated Sarcoma as Intermediate Step in Rhabdomyosarcomatous Transformation of a Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Resistant to Anti-BRAF Therapy: A Phenomenon Associated With Significant Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pitfalls
Authors: Tran Tien Anh N.
Published: April 2019

Undifferentiated sarcoma has been hypothesized as an intermediate step in the progression of malignant melanoma to rhabdomyosarcoma. The current report describes a new case of rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation in a malignant melanoma and documents the temporal progression of the malignant melanoma to rhabdomyosarcoma in different metastatic sites via undifferentiated sarcoma. A 65-year-old female with a past medical history of malignant melanoma presented with a new lung mass. A core biopsy revealed a malignant spindle cell neoplasm that was negative for all melanocytic markers, suggesting the possibility of a primary pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma or sarcoma. The subsequent lobectomy demonstrated an undifferentiated spindle cell neoplasm with areas of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Review of the skin lesion and lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of the primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, but also revealed that the nodal metastases had largely transformed into an undifferentiated sarcoma with similar morphology as the spindle cell neoplasm in the lung. Molecular studies demonstrated an identical BRAFV600E mutation in both the primary malignant melanoma and the lung tumor. Interestingly, the metastatic malignant melanoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous transformation was the single metastasis resistant to anti-BRAF therapy, whereas other metastases displayed dramatic clinical responses. The case report provides further supportive evidence that undifferentiated sarcoma is an intermediate step in the progression of malignant melanoma to rhabdomyosarcoma. Pathologists should be aware of this phenomenon as proper documentation of an undifferentiated sarcoma or newly acquired phenotypic variations in a malignant melanoma could considerably improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic management of subsequent recurrences.
Structure of ADHD/ODD Symptoms in Spanish Preschool Children: Dangers of Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Evaluation of Rating Scales
Authors: Molina Jonatan , Servera Mateu , Burns G. Leonard
Published: April 2019

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is often used to evaluate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom ratings by parents and teachers. An ADHD-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and ODD three-factor model is usually the best model. Acceptable CFA models, however, can hide symptoms with poor convergent and discriminant validity. To demonstrate this issue, CFA models (i.e., cross-loadings set to zero) along with exploratory CFA models (i.e., cross-loadings allowed) were applied to parent ( n = 308) and teacher ( n = 258) ratings of ADHD/ODD symptoms with Spanish preschool children ( Mage = 4.78, SD = .84, 56% boys). While the three-factor CFA model provided an acceptable-fit with moderate to substantial symptom-factor loadings, the three-factor exploratory CFA model, however, found a large number of the symptoms failed to show convergent and discriminant validity. These outcomes argue for the use of exploratory CFA procedures in the initial evaluation of ADHD/ODD rating scales.
Clinico-epidemiologic characteristics and patterns of care in Kaposi’s sarcoma: Data from a single-institution series
Authors: Hwang Andrew , Iskandar Andrew S , Kerr Wesley T , Farrell Stephanie , Plaxe Steven C , Dasanu Constantin A
Published: April 2019

In the late 20th to early 21st century, most new Kaposi’s sarcoma cases were associated with HIV coinfection and low CD4 T-cell counts. After introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy, the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma may have changed. We analyzed and now report on 27 consecutive Kaposi’s sarcoma patients treated at our institution from 2007 to 2017. Most patients were HIV-positive Caucasian men on antiretroviral therapy; the average CD4 T-cell count was above the AIDS-defining level of 200 cells/mm3. Seven patients had Kaposi’s sarcoma with mucosal involvement, and 20 had skin-only Kaposi’s sarcoma. Mucosal Kaposi’s sarcoma patients had a mean CD4 T-cell count of 83 cells/mm3 as opposed to 381 cells/mm3 for patients with skin-only involvement (p = 0.005). Survival was significantly compromised in both groups but even more so in Kaposi’s sarcoma patients with mucosal involvement (306 vs. 609 days). Along with other reports, our findings suggest that Kaposi’s sarcoma may develop in HIV patients in the modern era despite well-controlled HIV disease. This is significant since Kaposi’s sarcoma remains an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients.
The effect of high-dose cytarabine followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the outcome of patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Çakar Merih K , Tekgündüz Emre , Dal Mehmet S , Merdin Alparslan , Başçı Semih , İskender Dicle , Uğur Bilge , Bekdemir Filiz , Yıldız Jale , Ulu Bahar U , Bakırtaş Mehmet , Yiğenoğlu Tuğçe N , Batgi Hikmetullah , Kaya Ali H , İskender Dicle , Altuntaş Fevzi
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAC)-containing treatments followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on the survival of patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Material and methods

The data of 27 MCL patients who were followed-up between January 2009 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The median age of the patients was 63 (range, 45–82) with 22 (81.4%) males and 5 (18.6%) females. Eight of 27 patients were treated with HDAC-containing regimens either as induction or salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). The patients who received HDAC-containing regimen followed by AHSCT were found to have better one-year survival compared to others ( p = 0.03). Median follow-up of patient cohort was 27.6 months and median overall survival (OS) was not reached. The probability of one-year OS for all patients was 76.8%.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that HDAC treatment followed by AHSCT seems to provide the best outcome for young-fit patients presenting with mantle cell lymphoma.
High-Throughput Analysis of Clinical Flow Cytometry Data by Automated Gating
Authors: Lee Hunjoong , Sun Yongliang , Patti-Diaz Lisa , Hedrick Michael , Ehrhardt Anka G
Published: April 2019

Advancements in flow cytometers with capability to measure 15 or more parameters have enabled us to characterize cell populations at unprecedented levels of detail. Beyond discovery research, there is now a growing demand to dive deeper into evaluating the immune response in clinical trials for immune modulating compounds. However, for high-volume, complex flow cytometry data generated in clinical trials, conventional manual gating remains the standard of practice. Traditional manual gating is resource intense and becomes a bottleneck and an impractical method to complete high volumes of flow cytometry data analysis. Current efforts to automate “manual gating” have shown that computational algorithms can facilitate the analysis of daunting multi-parameter data; however, a greater degree of precision in comparison with traditional manual gating is needed for wide-scale adoption of automated gating methods. In an effort to more closely follow the manual gating process, our automated gating pipeline was created to include negative controls (Fluorescence Minus One [FMO]) to enhance the reliability of gate placement. We demonstrate that use of an automated pipeline, heavily relying on FMO controls for population discrimination, can analyze multi-parameter, large-scale clinical datasets with comparable precision and accuracy to traditional manual gating.
The ARTS of Cell Death
Authors: Koren Elle , Fuchs Yaron
Published: April 2019

Although much is known regarding intestinal stem cell (ISC) self-renewal and differentiation, the specific mechanisms used for their elimination is unclear. We recently discovered that the pro-apoptotic protein ARTS, a Septin4 isoform, interacts with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in the ISC niche to regulate stem cell survival during intestinal homeostasis and regeneration. These findings point to an intriguing avenue of translational research, examining how manipulation of stem cell apoptosis through the ARTS/XIAP module can affect stem-cell-dependent processes.
Making al-Qa’ida legible: Counter-terrorism and the reproduction of terrorism
Authors: Phillips Sarah G.
Published: April 2019

Why did America’s counter-terrorism strategy in Yemen fail to contain al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula in the years prior to the Yemeni government’s collapse in 2015? Moreover, why did the US administration think that its strategy was successful? This article draws from field research in Yemen and a diverse array of other Yemeni sources to argue that the answer lies in the fact that there are two broad, but ultimately irreconcilable, ontologies of what al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula ‘really is’: one legible, organisationally rational and thus governable; and one not entirely so. I argue that by targeting tangible elements of al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula (such as its leaders, sources of revenue and bases) in partnership with the Yemeni state security apparatus, the strategy strengthened the group’s less coherent aspects. As a result, Western counter-terrorism practices target a stripped-down, synoptic version of the group while missing, even empowering, the shadowy appendage of state or hegemonic power that animates popular Yemeni discourses. This article is concerned with what al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula looks like when we prioritise Yemeni observations about how it emerged and is reproduced. I argue that seeing al-Qa’ida as at least partly illegible removes counter-terrorism’s obvious targets, making it more suited to quelling anxieties than actually preventing terrorism.
Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States
Authors: Gillespie-Lynch Kristen , Daou Nidal , Sanchez-Ruiz Maria-Jose , Kapp Steven K , Obeid Rita , Brooks Patricia J , Someki Fumio , Silton Nava , Abi-Habib Rudy
Published: April 2019

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.
The AASPIRE practice-based guidelines for the inclusion of autistic adults in research as co-researchers and study participants
Authors: Nicolaidis Christina , Raymaker Dora , Kapp Steven K , Baggs Amelia , Ashkenazy E , McDonald Katherine , Weiner Michael , Maslak Joelle , Hunter Morrigan , Joyce Andrea
Published: April 2019

As interest in autism in adulthood grows, so does the need for methods to promote the inclusion of autistic adults in research. Our objective was to create practice-based guidelines for the inclusion of autistic adults, both as research team members and as study participants. We conducted an institutional ethnography of three closely related research partnerships that used participatory methods with autistic adults over the years 2006–2018. We used an iterative approach which combined discussions with community and academic partners and artifact review. Guidelines to promote the inclusion of autistic adults as co-researchers focus on being transparent about partnership goals, clearly defining roles and choosing partners, creating processes for effective communication and power-sharing, building and maintaining trust, disseminating findings, encouraging community capacitation, and fairly compensating partners. Guidelines to promote the inclusion of autistic adults as study participants focus on maximizing autonomy and inclusion, creating an accessible consent process, offering multiple modes of participation, adapting survey instruments for use with autistic adults, creating accessible qualitative interview guides, and handling data from proxy reporters. Although these practice-based guidelines may not apply to all research teams, we hope that other researchers can capitalize on these practical lessons when including autistic adults in research.
The Survival Processing Advantage of Face: The Memorization of the (Un)Trustworthy Face Contributes More to Survival Adaptation
Authors: Hou Chunna , Liu Zhijun
Published: April 2019

Researchers have found that compared with other existing conditions (e.g., pleasantness), information relevant to survival produced a higher rate of retrieval; this effect is known as the survival processing advantage (SPA). Previous experiments have examined that the advantage of memory can be extended to some different types of visual pictorial material, such as pictures and short video clips, but there were some arguments for whether face stimulus could be seen as a boundary condition of SPA. The current work explores whether there is a mnemonic advantage to different trustworthiness of face for human adaptation. In two experiments, we manipulated the facial trustworthiness (untrustworthy, neutral, and trustworthy), which is believed to provide information regarding survival decisions. Participants were asked to predict their avoidance or approach response tendency, when encountering strangers (represented by three classified faces of trustworthiness) in a survival scenario and the control scenario. The final surprise memory tests revealed that it was better to recognize both the trustworthy faces and untrustworthy faces, when the task was related to survival. Experiment 1 demonstrated the existence of a SPA in the bipolarity of facial untrustworthiness and trustworthiness. In Experiment 2, we replicated the SPA of trustworthy and untrustworthy face recognitions using a matched design, where we found this kind of memory benefits only in recognition tasks but not in source memory tasks. These results extend the generality of SPAs to face domain.