bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of programmable cameras for web-based sensing and control of daylight in buildings
Authors: Mah Dongjun , Kim Michael , Tzempelikos Athanasios
Published: November 2021

The concept of integrating programmable low-cost cameras into the office infrastructure and BMS for real-time, web-based sensing and control of the luminous environment in buildings is presented in this study. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of predicting the luminance field perceived by an office occupant using a programmable calibrated HDR camera installed at the rear side of a computer monitor or on the wall behind the occupant, for a variety of sky conditions and shading options. The generated luminance maps using Python scripts with OpenCV packages were further processed to extract daylighting and glare metrics using Evalgare. The results showed that: (i) among the different camera resolutions that were compared, the 330x330 resolution was selected as the best option to balance between accurate capturing of visual environment and comfort and computational efficiency; (ii) a camera sensor embedded on the rear side of a computer screen could capture interior visual conditions consistently similarly to those viewed by the occupant, except for sunny conditions without proper shading protection. This prototype study paves the way for luminance monitoring and daylight control using programmable low-cost camera sensors embedded into the office infrastructure.
Towards the integration of personal task-lighting in an optimised balance between electric lighting and daylighting: A user-centred study of emotion, visual comfort, interaction and form-factor of task lights
Authors: Papinutto M. , Colombo M. , Golsouzidou M. , Reutter K. , Lalanne D. , Nembrini J.
Published: November 2021

Task-lighting is a well-known strategy to save energy by bringing light where it is most needed, providing adaptable localised light conditions of special interest in the current home-office context. Despite these benefits and in addition to negatively impacting biological rhythms, the generalization of backlit screens has made task lights less demanded, with screen users tending to accept significantly lower amounts of the illuminance standards. In parallel, the advantages of task-lighting may contradict the energy benefits of presence-driven lighting or blinds automation. This pilot experiment aims at evaluating the task light usage patterns and characteristic preferences for both paper and computer work from a user-centered perspective to provide guidelines in terms of luminaires characteristics. Thirteen participants evaluated three different task lights in both paper and computer conditions. Our results emphasize the role of the luminaire’s form factor, interface and lighting control characteristics, providing general recommendations on luminaire design.
Large lightwells to revitalize a deep office building in Lausanne
Authors: Paule Bernard , Tardin Anne , Som Ly
Published: November 2021

The city of Lausanne is built on fairly steep slopes, with the consequence that some buildings are leaning against what could be described as cliffs and, therefore, have only one glazed facade. The Rue Saint Martin office building has been built during the 1970s. Because of its important depth (~23m from the façade), the spaces located at the back were totally deprived of natural light. During the renovation of this building, the architects wanted to create large openings in the roof and in the floors’ slabs in order to provide daylight to the rear spaces. The close collaboration between Estia1 and Archespace2 allowed for the design and implementation of an efficient daylighting system that provides a new quality of use for the interior spaces and a new identity for the building.
Impact of COVID-19 countermeasures on the energy and water consumption and CO2 concentration of municipal buildings
Authors: Stinner Florian , Kümpel Alexander , Müller Dirk
Published: November 2021

As a disease, COVID-19 has shaken the world in 2020/21. Countermeasures have been taken by governments to protect against infection, which have also affected the water and energy consumption of buildings. In particular, buildings managed by public authorities (e.g. kindergartens, schools and administrative offices) have been closed and reopened with different concepts. In this paper, the impact of countermeasures on the electrical and thermal energy and water consumption of municipal buildings is investigated using monitoring data of 100 buildings from 2018 to 2021 of a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) in Germany. Where available, data of CO2 sensors from building automation systems are included in the evaluation. The CO2 concentration is in a range of concern (1500-2000 ppm) for 2% of presence periods. A value in the unacceptable range (>2000 ppm) is not found in the CO2 data. Since only ventilation-conditioned spaces are equipped with CO2 sensors, no conclusions can be drawn about non-ventilated buildings. We investigate to which extent the measures taken have changed the energy and water consumption. On total average, the heat demand increased lightly by 5 % and water and electricity demand decreased by 15% and 12% respectively.
Environmental thermal influence over soundscape perception: a test room experimental campaign involving the psychological and physiological description of the indoor environment
Authors: Pigliautile Ilaria , Fusaro Gioia , Kang Jian , Chang Wen-Shao , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: November 2021

Human environmental perception leads occupants’ behaviour when interacting with buildings components, affecting the final building energy performance. A solid understanding of human comfort perception includes simultaneous multisensory stimuli and cross-modal interactions among different comfort domains. This study aims to explore the cross-modal effect between thermal and acoustic domains. Each of the 40 subjects took part in a multisensory survey under two different stationary environmental temperature settings. Results show that people in thermally warm conditions are less confident in describing the provided acoustic records. To perform the same procedure but providing a decreasing air temperature ramp would lead to a better interpretation of the results of this campaign.
Thermal comfort analysis: comparison between model and experimental data in tropical climate
Authors: Rakotoarivelo T. , Miranville F. , Gronfier C. , Malet-Damoui B.
Published: November 2021

Humans in the 21st century spend nearly 90% of their time in an indoor environment. This environment is far from the one in which humans have developed their physiological adaptation and regulation mechanisms. The indoor environment must be optimized for wellbeing and cognitive performance with an anthropocentric and multidisciplinary approach. The objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate the reliability of approaches to characterize thermal comfort in a humid tropical climate. To do so, we will present (i) an experiment conducted to evaluate this perception in a quantitative (physical measurements) and qualitative (field survey) way, and finally (iii) an intermodal and experimental comparison analysis. The results reveal some notable discrepancies between numerical approaches and experimental data. This finding reinforces our study perspectives on the need to engage a multimodal and multidisciplinary analysis to improve the accuracy of comfort models.
Actual energy savings of more than 1000 renovated buildings in Geneva
Authors: Grandjean Basile , Schneider Stefan , Hollmuller Pierre
Published: November 2021

This study quantifies the annual energy-related retrofit rate of the Geneva building stock (1.7%), based on data concerning the delivered construction permits over the 2010 – 2018 period. By cross-cutting with final energy demand before and after retrofit, we derive an energy-efficient retrofit rate (0.6% for an improvement of 1 class at least, 0.2% for 2 classes at least). Results are analysed as a function of the construction period, as well as of the energy demand before retrofit.
Effectiveness of passive climate change adaptation measures in Switzerland: A climate-based analysis on natural ventilation and overheating risks reduction in dwellings
Authors: ZepedaRivas Daniel , Moreno Sergi Aguacil , Álvarez Jorge Rodríguez
Published: November 2021

Building energy codes have been implemented in Switzerland as well as across the world to reduce building energy consumption, however, due to the progressive effect of climate change phenomena and the precipitate change in occupancy patterns due to the global pandemic, their effectiveness and limitations must be constantly re-examined. This paper explores the effectiveness of natural ventilation as a passive cooling strategy, as well as the overheating patterns in dwellings across the Swiss territory. The work is based on a climate-based simulation model at a territorial scale, from which the building performance is further analysed considering the heating energy consumption and overheating risk hours above 26.5°C. The effectiveness of natural ventilation through the operable window operable area in reducing overheating risk was also estimated. The results show the effectiveness across the whole territory of the current regulation (SIA 380/1:2016), which is focused on the performance of the building envelope to reduce heat losses. An unattended alarming overheating pattern was spotted in locations with altitudes below 1500 meters as a direct consequence of the climate change phenomena, hence a series of recommendations are proposed to update and improve the current legal requirements.
The retrofit of ‘70s office buildings curtain walls in London
Authors: Cirillo A , Scofone A
Published: November 2021

The built environment accounts for 44% of UK emissions, of which 18% are from non-domestic buildings. Considering that a façade's performance accounts for more than 50% of the energy consumption of a building, the retrofit of a ‘70s curtain wall system is analysed along with common issues such as poor insulation, fire risk, air infiltration and absence of natural ventilation, all of which are known to affect both occupants’ comfort and energy demand negatively. The methodology includes thermal and energy analysis of the Euston tower, results from which are used to inform an analytical model representing a more extensive building stock. Orientation, occupation, window to wall ratio and floor heights are examined as the main factors influencing heat gains, and different passive design solutions are tested to reduce them. Combining these passive design strategies shows a reduction of cooling demand by up to 91% and overheating hours down to 0% from base case to best case, demonstrating how the retrofit of curtain walls in office buildings is essential to cut emissions, reducing energy demand and improving comfort and productivity.
A Tool for Optimal Refurbishment Design of Low-Energy Buildings
Authors: Salerno I , Anjos M F , McKinnon K , Mazzucchelli E S
Published: November 2021

We propose a model that aims to fulfill the following three necessities: the demand for refurbishing the existing built environment, the lack of a reliable means to help architects navigate among the numerous possible solutions for low-energy constructions, and the need for a multi-function tool to analyze buildings as complex systems. We introduce the Optimal Refurbishment Design (ORD) model that is a novel tool to help architects with the refurbishment of an existing building or the design of a new one. The ORD shows four innovative aspects. First, it opens the way to passive building design while focusing on affordable solutions. Second, its core component is based on mathematical optimization. Third, it simultaneously outputs optimal thermal mass and insulation of all the required elements in the building. Fourth, it automatically accounts for the user’s needs and local regulations. Unlike most of the approaches in the Literature, the ORD’s outputs are not limited by any pre-defined set of materials or strategies. We tested the ORD using a realistic study case of refurbishment, and found that the renovated house achieved the energy consumption of a Passive House by lowering its annual heating/cooling consumption by 23% with a payback period of less than 5 years.
New circular building composite material to upcycle building wastes
Authors: Horvath Mélanie , Trachte Sophie , Pardoen Thomas
Published: November 2021

A new class of sustainable building composite materials is developed, made out of recycled fibers waste, of sand from crushing inert waste and of lime. The fibers come from abundant and available bio-based or mineral fibers such as cellulose, glass wool, or rock wool. The crushing sand comes from inert building waste and is used instead of river sand which is a resource under shortage. Lime is, like the other two constituents, available locally. The targeted performance is minimizing the environmental footprint compared to the current building materials available on the market in terms of CO2 emissions and grey energy consumption over the entire life cycle. Additional specific objectives are a lifetime up to 60 years, the incorporation of at least 75% recycled or end-of-cycle materials and a high potential of further reuse or recycling. These performances must be optimized under all the structural, thermal and durability constraints of specific building applications. A test campaign has proved the energy-efficient nature of the processing and excellent potential in terms of insulation, fire resistance and mechanical strength, for materials containing a rate of paper fibers larger than 50%.
Implementation of strategies for the realization of ecologically and economically optimized serial type house buildings for social housing
Authors: Vollmer M , Harter H , Theilig K , Kierdorf D , Lang W
Published: November 2021

The goal of this research is to develop ecologically and economically optimized implementation strategies for social housing. Therefore, a case study is analysed over its life cycle using life cycle assessments (LCA) and life cycle costs (LCC) regarding the global warming potential (GWP) and its environmental impact costs (cost per ton of CO2). The case study is optimized regarding the embodied emissions of construction and energy demand during its use stage. Considering the cost ceiling for social housing, it is evident, that an implementation of renewable materials and energies is mandatory in order to prevent the risk of a project failure due to excessive environmental impact costs.
Gap between simplified and detailed calculation of the environmental impacts of road mixtures
Authors: Hoxha Endrit , Bohne Rolf André , Passer Alexander
Published: November 2021

In order to reach the COP21 objectives, solutions with low carbon contents must be used in road projects. However, the identification of the best materials to be implemented in the wearing course of roads is a daily problem faced by stakeholders. To overcome this knowledge gap, the present study demonstrates the environmental impacts of 120 mixtures calculated with simplified and detailed hypotheses and input data. Even though the variability of inputs significantly influences the impacts of the mixtures and do not allow for the identification of the best solutions, on average, warm mix asphalt presented lower impacts than hot mix asphalt or concrete.
Analysis of supplemental dehumidification for increased energy efficiency of shoulder seasons based on climate change predictions in Austin Texas
Authors: Marshall B , Felkner J , Nagy Z
Published: November 2021

This research project compared a standard vapor compression system and a standard desiccant dehumidification system with heat wheel to determine if there was some potential energy savings for “shoulder season” hours in Austin Texas. “Shoulder season” hours as defined in the paper are hours during which the dry bulb temperature falls within the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) comfort bound but the humidity is above the comfortable humidity point. These hours are normally addressed with vapor compression systems which dehumidify by cooling the air under the comfort setpoint to dehumidify, which is wasteful of energy. The study found that for these shoulder season hours a desiccant dehumidification system was around 4.5 times more energy efficient at reaching comfort setpoints if free heating was used for drying the desiccant.
Phase Change Materials for building envelopes in Reunion Island, France
Authors: Trovalet L. , Liu L. , Bigot D. , Malet-Damour B.
Published: November 2021

This study is being conducted to evaluate the effects of Phase Change Materials (PCM) on thermal comfort in buildings in Reunion Island. Experimental and numerical approaches are used to determine the criteria for the integration of bio-based PCM. A full-scale platform is divided into two rooms, where a layer of PCM is applied to one surface of the test room. Results show that the application of PCM delays the temperature rises and its maximum is reduced by up to 4 degrees. Finally, the experimental results are compared to those of a Dynamic Thermal Simulation (DTS) program to evaluate the ability of such programs to predict the thermal behavior of the building with and without PCM.
Optimal design of mass timber panels as dynamic insulation: simulations of steady and transient heat exchange
Authors: Halepaska Anna , Craig Salmaan
Published: November 2021

Mass timber panels could be designed as heat exchangers for use in building envelopes. Fresh air, drawn through geometrically optimized channels in the panel, is pre-tempered with building heat that would otherwise be lost to the exterior via conduction. Recent experiments have shown that timber heat exchanging panels can approach U ~0.1 W/m2K – but there are potential limitations. The sizing correlations which predict panel geometry and steady heat exchange must be numerically calibrated for building-scale contexts, the heat-exchange efficiency must be verified virtually, and practical thresholds for transient response time must be determined. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate these factors for one design ‘case’ of timber panels, and establishes a methodology for studies of further cases.
Vacuum Polarization and Particle Creation for Two-Horizon Metrics
Authors: Fil’chenkov M L , Laptev Yu P
Published: November 2021

Kerr–Newman and Kottler’s metrics with two horizons are considered. Evaporation of Kerr – Newman’s horizons in Hawking’s effect and Penrose’s process as well as de Sitter’s horizon decay and Schwarzschild’s horizon evaporation for Kottler’s metric have been analyzed in terms of an effective temperature, using lifetimes on the horizons. The results are applied to black hole physics and cosmology.
The Statistical Analysis of Anisotropy Fluctuations of CMB Temperature in Angular Spatial and Temporal Areas
Authors: Vargashkin V
Published: November 2021

The changes in the nature of the statistical distributions of the anisotropy of the temperature of CMB in the satellite measurements of the “WMAP” probe were analyzed for the presence of laws in them in changes within the adjacent periods of data accumulation. Statistical distributions of changes in anisotropy between adjacent data accumulation periods were analyzed. The probability of the occurrence of such unidirectional changes at different frequencies of satellite measurements was analyzed and the probability of their occurrence under the influence of non-random factors was estimated.
IV International Seminar on Pedagogical Practice (IV ISPP)
Authors: Prada-Nuñez R , Torres-Ramírez J E , Hernández-Suárez C A , Gamboa-Suarez A A , V-Niño E D
Published: November 2021

In the process of teaching and training students and new professionals, constructive actions and didactic spaces must be open where the teacher encourages the integral growth of their students, strengthening different technical/academic aspects and personal skills.

With a good orientation and implementation of appropriate pedagogical practices, the teacher will have the ability to teach and create spaces to socialize, discuss and reflect about experiences that generate, not only the construction of new knowledge, but also the strengthening of principles and qualities in students, such as responsibility, honesty, equity, respect and the ability to reason to solve problems and conflicts. All this promotes the formation of human capital capable of confronting and solving different aspects and challenges that may be encountered in their training process and professional development.

List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Sponsor, Partners, image are available in this pdf.
Analysis for the reconstruction of attractors by reconstruction of phase spaces using delay times
Authors: Mesa F , González Granada J R , Correa Vélez G
Published: November 2021

Being able to estimate the behavior of a system from observable data is one of the great difficulties that any system presents. This problem presents a challenge for researchers who perform scenario estimation and forecasting. In most problems it is proposed to perform data analysis, but in this article, we propose to perform synthesis in such a way that a dipheomorphic attractor is constructed. that models the system. In the treatment of the analysis, we start from the inputs and assume some equations that describe the system, in the case of synthesis the most important thing is the data produced by the system, since these are real with some associated noise, so from those data and using Takens’ theorem, we can build an attractor that models the system we model in a more real way.
The Correlations between Building Heights and Wind Speed in Determining the Dimension of Windows in a High-rise Residential Building Façade
Authors: Napitupulu S S , Hardiman G , Tobing RR
Published: November 2021

Climate change due to architecture occurs as a result of technological developments that support the development of materials, electrical mechanics, structures, and building shapes that play a role in increasing emission levels in the air. One type of building in Indonesia that contributes to increasing emissions is the residential building known as rumah susun. This research employs the case study method, observing the Rumah Susun Jatinegara Barat, located in East Jakarta. The case study shows that the use of prototypes that are not environmentally friendly makes a building’s performance worse. The use of precast, which resulted in monotonous window dimensions, is considered the main factor causing the failure of this Rumah Susun Jatinegara Barat to adapt to the surrounding environment. This problem occurred because the openings in the building façades had a monotonous dimension while the wind intensity that hit the building was increasing. The final result shows that the windows on the façades of the case study were not functioning except if all the openings in the residential unit are open. These results prove that the height of a building is an essential factor in planning high-rise flats, especially in Jakarta.
Composing the noise space: Musical architecture of urban culture
Authors: Samodra F X T B , Nugrahani I G
Published: November 2021

In the recent climate change era of several tropical urban living and cultures, many slums are built on the railroad tracks accompanying the overheating environment. The people in that area can receive the noise radiation that was made from the railroad and the train wheels friction. The design research aims to manage noise with high intensity into the white noise, which was fit and valuable to increasing human life performance in daily life. It enhances through designing the attractive area at Malang urban area as the site and analyzing the environmental psychology approach according to adaptable barriers. This study uses audio editing and music notation software, Adobe Audition and Cubase, to capture the sound to support the design. The results highlighted that musical architecture could bridge the needs of the various people’s living space and noise that cannot be moved and deleted. The play of materials, order, and composition of time that pay attention to the intensity and frequency of noise design project compose the rhythm of formal and spatial settlement design.
Sustainable Development of Taman Harmoni Tourism Area, Karangasem based on Local Wisdom’s Value
Authors: Salain N R P , Mahastuti N M M
Published: November 2021

Sustainable development is raised as the theme of the article which is then analyzed based on the value of local wisdom with three main pillars, namely economic, environmental, and social aspects. Manik Ring Cucupu, Tattwa, Susila, Upacara, and Tri Hita Karana are the values of local wisdom used in organizing sustainable development in Taman Harmoni. The purpose of writing this article is to know the existence of economic, environmental, and social aspects that are the pillars of sustainable development in the Taman Harmoni tourist area based on the values of local wisdom. The method used is Qualitative Descriptive with data collection techniques through direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. The result of this writing is sustainable development in the economic aspect prioritizes the natural sustainability of the environment which is assumed to be a “container” as well as the value of local wisdom Manik Ring Cucupu which perceives the built environment with a natural environment such as a fetus in the womb of a mother; Sustainable development in environmental aspects is planned based on the value of local wisdom, namely Tattwa (philosophy), Susila (ethics), and Upacara (religious rituals); Sustainable development in environmental aspects, dividing the area of Taman Harmoni into three areas namely Parahyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan in accordance with the teaching values of Tri Hita Karana.
Effect of (N.P.K) Nano and Mineral Fertilizer on Some Growth Characteristics of Pinus Brutia Ten. Seedlings by Foliar Application
Authors: Shareef Sahira Saleh , Qasim Haitham Abdul Jabbar , Omar Omar Muzaffar
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Forestry/College of Agriculture and Forestry/the University of Mosul for the period from 15/9/2020 to 15/8/2021 to study the effect of spraying with N.P.K nano and mineral fertilizer on some growth characteristics of Pinus brutia seedlings. The spraying process was carried out using two types of N.P.K nano fertilizer, the first is (20: 20: 20) and the second is (12:12:36), and N.P.K mineral fertilizer was used in two types, the first is (20: 20: 20) and the second is (12:12:36) at a concentration of 5 g. L-1 for both nano and mineral, and by four sprays (2 autumns + 2 spring). The results showed the superiority of nano fertilizer (20:20:20) over the rest of the treatments in terms of the increase in longitudinal and diagonal growth, root length and diameter, and the wet and dry weight of the vegetative mass, which amounted to 28.3167 cm, 3.8383 mm, 58.5333 cm, 5.52000 mm, 32.4703 g and 13.9210 g respectively. The mineral fertilizer (20:20:20) also showed significant superiority over all treatments as it gave 27.4833 cm, 3.5939 mm, 57.1778 cm, 5.26278 mm, 29.7901 g and 13.3387 for the studied traits, respectively, an increase in longitudinal and diagonal growth, root length, root diameter and wet and dry weight of the stem. The interaction between the two fertilizers N.P.K nano (20:20:20) and mineral N.P.K (20:20:20) was significantly superior by giving the highest average growth of all studied traits, as it gave 30,717 cm, 4.2680 mm, 61,000 cm, 5.8493 mm, 36.135 g and 15.8160, respectively.
Genetic Variation Among Three Zea Mays L Cultivars In Iraq
Authors: Khaleel Faten , saeed Janan
Published: November 2021

Maize is a very fertile and widely environmental grown crop and it globally cultivated. The purpose of our research was to determine genetic variation among three Zea mays L. cultivars (Al maha, Drachma and Talar F-1). The primer ITS1 and ITS4 used as a molecular marker in a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a 290 bp ampli- fication outcome. The nucleotide sequences of amplification products were analyzed, sequence alignment was significantly revealed which confirming Zea mays diagnosis. Furthermore, analysis of genetic relationship revealed a neighboring relationship between Talar F-1 and Almaha cultivars(93),whereas phylogeny schematic diagram clearly showed presence of Drachma cultivar in other cluster(77).
The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium in Some Growth Properties of Rosa Damascena Mill L.
Authors: Eedan Razzaq Owayez , Bajlan Sabah Ga. Sh. , Aljeboory Sabbar Rahi Jasim
Published: November 2021

The experiment was conducted on cuttings of Rosa damascena mill L. During the period from mid-March of 2014 until the end of 2015 before the period of formation of flowers for picking at the College of Agriculture/University of Karbala According to the design of complete random sectors, The research included a global experiment with three different factors of the first chemical fertilizer nitrogen fertilization and three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 gm N. Kg -1 soil) and fertilization with the element phosphorus with three levels (0, 15 and 30 mg P2O5. Kg -1 soil) and three levels of Potassium (0, 100 and 200 mg K2O. Kg -1 soil). The results showed that the single effect of the fertilization treatment with nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium resulted in a significant increase in the characteristic of plant height and number of leaves, and the fertilization treatment with nitrogen and phosphorus component separately resulted in the production of seedlings that were characterized by a high dry green weight compared to the comparison treatment. The data of the bilateral overlap between nitrogen and phosphorous indicate the presence of significant differences, as the treatment with nitrogen component gave a concentration of (0.5 and 1 g. Kg-1) overlapping with the component of phosphorus concentration (30 mg. Kg-1) with the highest significant rate of (39.66 cm). The treatment of the triple interference between nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium gave a significant effect on all the studied traits.
Response of Yield Components of Some Black Rice Cultivars to Spraying With The Amino Acid Phenylalanin
Authors: Abakah Ahmed Jaafar Sadiq , Al-Mohammad Maher Hamid Salman
Published: November 2021

Three rice varieties (Goura, Chakhao and Local) were grown during two seasons 2019-2020, aimed to assessment of different levels of spraying of phenylalanine on performance of the grain yield components in different rice varieties. The selected three varieties (sub plots) were grown under the influence of four levels of phenylalanine spraying (main plots), included amino acid treatments occupied the main plates 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1 as well as the control treatment (spraying distilled water only), the experiment applied in split plots arrangements in RCBD with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of the Goura genotype selected by giving the highest averages in plant height, total grains number per panicles, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, Biological yield, percentage of harvest index and tillers number plant, that reached to 118.47 cm, 144.25 grains.panicl-1, 23.44 g, 6.70 tons.hectare-1, 12.06 tons.hectare-1,54.82% and 18.40 tillers.plant-1 respectively, while the genotype significantly superior to Local Selected by giving the highest averages in the leaves content of total chlorophyll pigments SPAD, which amounted to 39.13 SPAD. The spraying of the amino acid phenylalanine at a concentration of 50 mg.l-1 was significantly superior by giving the highest averages in the indicators of vegetative growth, yield and its components.
Effect of Planting Dates and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Safflower
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Zainab N. M. A. , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was carried out during winter agricultural season 2020/2021 in Babylon Governorate in at Tajieh region, southeast of Hilla city, to study the effect of planting dates and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of safflower. The experiment included two factors: planting dates (1 and 15 November and 1 December), and nitrogen fertilizer at levels (0, 90, 120 and 150 kgN.ha-1), the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed significant superiority of planting date at December 1 on most growth and yield components parameters, it recorded the highest averages on seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1576.2, 6126.0 kg.ha-1 and 25.6% respectively. However, nitrogen fertilizer at concentration 150 kg N.ha-1 affected all growth and yield and its components, it gave the highest averages for seed yield, dry matter yield and harvest index amounted to 1762.2, 6626.8 kg.ha-1 and 26.6%, respectively.
Consumers Choice and Preference for Chicken Meat in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Neima Hemin A. , Sirwan Kawan , Hameed Khansa
Published: November 2021

Chicken meat consumption and demand have significantly increased in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) after 2003, which has led to the growth of poultry production and risen import from abroad. Consumer preferences study can be a determinant factor for poultry production development strategies to fill local demand gaps and global market competition. This study aimed to identify the consumer preference of chicken meat regarding the type, size, parts, marketplace, and other vital aspects considered by consumers when buying chicken meat, and the internal and external factors that affect consumer preference in the chicken meat purchasing choice. A descriptive study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah city, and the data were collected through a structured questionnaire form. This study indicated that 47.7% of the respondents prefer local Kurdish chicken (Mrishki Kurdi). 50% of the consumers in the Sulaymaniyah city prefer to buy whole chicken weighed between (2-3 Kg), 35.4% at the nearest or trusted meat shop, 38.5% at the wet markets, and 69.3% alive chicken slaughtered at the wet market at the time of purchase. Additionally, the internal factors (sensory features and perceptual features) were more dominant (sum total=4.084) than External factors (information, social environment, and physical environment) (sum total=3.599). Conclusions derived from the results suggest that the current study can contribute to a better understanding of consumers and improve the agribusiness value chain in KRI. The results from this study are recommended to examine consumer behavior and preference for agri-foods to build an integrated sustainable food production system based on consumers' needs and demands in the KRI and compete with the imported products.
Biological Control of The White Cochineal Parlatoria Blanchardi (Hemiptera - Diaspididae) by Using Coccidiphagous Ladybirds and Biopesticides in Palm Groves of The Region of Ouargla (South-East Algeria)
Authors: Hayet Benameur-Saggou , Chennouf Rekia , Insar Gassou , Noureddine Kirouane , Khaoula Goui , Keltoum Benbrahim
Published: November 2021

The white cochineal of the date palm is a very serious pest in the palm groves of the Ouargla region (South-East Algeria). Our attempt at biological control of this pest was based on the use of two coccidiphagous ladybirds Pharoscymnus ovoideus and Pharoscymnus numidicus and aqueous extracts of two Saharan plants Solenostemma argel and Azadirachta indica with two doses in two palm groves in the Ouargla region. The results obtained are very encouraging. White cochineal infestation rates of treated plants decreased considerably especially for the high dose of two treatments. The infestation rate decreased from 52.54% to 35.49% with P.ovoideus (120 ladybirds/tree) and from 54.03% to 18.88% with Neem extract (dose 5%), to 11.01% with Argel extract (dose 7.5%). The two ladybirds and the two extracts used showed highly significant differences (P=0.000), as did the two doses used (P< 0.0001). Our control attempt also showed an efficiency that increased with the increase of the dose used. It is 0.119±0.20 with the low dose of P. ovoideus to reach an efficiency of 0.324±0.23. For the extract-based treatments, the highest efficacy was recorded with the high dose Argel (0.812±0.22). It should be noted that the low doses used for both treatments gave insignificant results compared to their controls with the high doses, which showed very high significant differences with P=0.000 for the ladybird releases and P<0.0001 for the high doses of the water extracts.
Controlling Strategies of Citrus to Increase The Yield in The Country: A step Towards The Fight Against COVID-19
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Al-Taey Duraid K.A. , Al-Azawi Saad S.M. , Mehdizadeh Mohammad , Qureshi Razia A. M. , Jasman Ammar K , Slomy Ali K , Khan Mumtaz A. , Jabbar Makhdoom Abdul , Iqbal Asif , Arshad Maria , Rehman Jalees Ur , Konca Yusuf , Arshad Muhammad , Ahmad Mehmood
Published: November 2021

Citrus (oranges, lemon, mandarin, limes and tangarines) has significant nutritional value in human foods. It is rich source of vitamin C, sugar, organic acids, amino acids, minerals like Ca, Mg and various other phytochemicals (flavonoids, hesperidin etc) compounds that are responsible for good health. Citrus is growing in more than one forty countries of the world including Pakistan, Brazil, China, Mexico, USA, Spain and India.Viral infection and inflammation triggers the production of oxygen free radicals and these radicals severely damage the cells, however hesperidin and vitamin C is reported to counteract these damages. Intake of plentiful citrus fruits is one of amongst the many possible approaches to prevent from COVID-19 role of nutrition. Citrus fruit are very rich in important substances with a potential beneficial for health such as modulating the immunity and in protecting cells from oxidative stress related with infection. Flavonoids and hesperidin two major key compound found in citrus have affinity to treat Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hesperidin has a low binding energy, both with the coronavirus “spike” protein, and with the fundamental protease that alters the primary proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex liable for viral replication hence these compounds could work as an antiviral function. Pakistan is amongst top ten citrus producers in the world. Citrus is one of the best commercial fruits of Pakistan cultivated on a large area, however, in Pakistan yield of citrus has been affected due to attack of insects and pathogens (nematode, fungal, bacterial and viral) which causes heavy losses both in quality and quantity. The purpose of this article is to focusing on the controlling the pathogens of citrus to boost citrus production in country as these beneficial plants are well known for its essential vitamin and flavonoid contents to control COVID-19.
Effect of Adding SAPs Polymers and Spraying With Organic Fertilizer on The Vegetative and Root Growth Characteristics of Lawns
Authors: Al-Assafi Ali Karim Ali , Mahmood Saad A.
Published: November 2021

The experiment was carried out in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture - Anbar University for the period from 1/4/2020 to 31/1/2021 to experience the effectiveness of adding SAPs, spraying with organic fertilizers and the interaction between them in the vegetative and root growth characteristics of the lawn. The polymers were used in three concentrations (0, 20, 40) g kg-1 soil, while the organic fertilizer was in four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) ml.L-1. A factorial experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the addition of polymers at the level of 40 g kg-1 soil had significant differences in the average plant density, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 47.83 plant 100 cm-2, 25.20 cm, 36.85% and 89.36 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.17%, 36.19 m mg-1 for cold season. The high concentration of organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in plant density, number of branches in the crown area, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 46.00 plant 100 cm-2, 9.10 branch plant-1, 25.14 cm and 36.41%, 87.80 mg g-1 for hot season and 29.04%, 33.99 mg g-1 for cold season. The interaction treatment between the level of application of polymers 40 g kg-1 soil and the treatment of adding organic fertilizer 1.5 ml L-1 showed significant differences in the number of branches, root length, dry matter percentage and chlorophyll content in the vegetative group was 9.83 branch plant-1, 27.36 cm and 39.65%, 99.31 mg g-1 for hot season and 33.44%, 42.10 mg g-1 for cold season.
Effect of Adding Sulfur and Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Onions (Allium Cepa L.) Under Different Plant Densities
Authors: Al-Amri Basim K. F. , Al-Abdaly Maath M. M.
Published: November 2021

A field experiment was conducted in the Amiriyat al-Fallujah district of the Anbar governorate to know the effect of the combination of sulfur and organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of onion, (a local red type), under different plant densities. The experiment included two factors, first: a combination of fertilizing with decomposing Cow’s manure (20 tons.ha-1) and sulfur (50 kg.ha-1), and this factor was distributed as follows (T0: fertilizer recommendation (NPK 100-100-120 kg.ha-1 It is considered a control). T1: cow waste + half of the chemical fertilizer recommendation and T2: fertilizer recommendation + sulfur addition and T3: Cow’s manure + half of the fertilizer recommendation + sulfur addition and T4: double the recommendation of cow manure (40 t.ha-1 + half of the fertilizer recommendation + adding sulfur). The second factor: planting distances (S1:10×10, S2:10×15, and S3:10×20) cm. The distance between plants was fixed 10 cm and the dimensions changed between one line and another. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment with the randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results showed clear significant differences for the two study factors in characteristics of vegetative growth, yield, and the content of total soluble solids, as the T4S3 treatment exceeded by giving it the highest number of tubular blades, leaf area and the highest percentage of sulfur in the leaves, which was positively reflected on the plant yield and percentage the total soluble solids amounted to (16.57 blades.plant-1, 15.97 dm2, 1.70%, 0.64%, 104.50 g, 15.83%), respectively, The treatment of planting distances S1 achieved significant differences in the total yield (90.39 tons.ha-1 and 8.91 kg) respectively compared to plants of treatment S3, which achieved(74.29 tons.ha-1and 5.39 kg).
Performance of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Under Modern and Conventional Farming Methods in Three Locations in Iraq
Authors: Musa Abdulkadhim Jawad , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Hameed Khidhir Abbas
Published: November 2021

The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops for meeting the global food demand. However,System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. The study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in the south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having 2 donum of land (5,000 m2).The trial was performed as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle, and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as a percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf, and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.
Effect Of Organic Fertilizer and Emitter Type on The Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var Italica)With Evaluation of The Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Mohammed Hayat I. , Abdul Rahman Harith B. , Tahir Hussain T.
Published: November 2021

The experiment was conducted in field during the season 2020-2021 at The Al-sayade Research Station of the College of Agriculture/University of Kirkuk, and aimed to study the impact of three types of organic fertilization (without fertilization, sheep fertilizer, organic fertilizer), and three types of Emitter (GR, Turbo, Spiral ) and the interaction between them in the growth and yield of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea Var.italica ) and the evaluation of the Drip Irrigation System. A factorial experiment was carried out according split split – plot design of the Random Complete Block Design R.C.B.D and obtained data was statistical analyzed by using SAS system and Duncan multi –Range test at the probability level of %5 used to compared among the mean of treatment. The results showed that organic fertilization of sheep fertilizer gave a significant increase in the height of the plant 66.27 cm. The H (250g.d-1 in four stages) fertilizer adding showed a significantly Superiority for traits of the yield of plant and total yield of plant (902.84 g plant-1 and 45.142 ton ha-1, respectively). However, the treatment without fertilization has given a significant increase of total chlorophyll ratio to 25.44 mg. g-1.Turboemitter recorded a significant increase in the height of the plant 67.233cm. whereas, the GR emitter showed a significant increase the total chlorophyll ratio by 25.830mg g-1and superior in percentage of dry material in main head recorded by %12.694. The interaction between H fertilizer and Turbo emitter, had significantly differences of the most of the qualities traits were studied. When evaluating the drip irrigation system, it noted the superiority of the GR emitter treatement was gave the lowest plants the Coefficient of Variation 0.051 % with the highest absolute field emission uniformity reach to 98.84%, the highest efficient water distribution with 98.08% and the lowest water consumption 43.17mm.