bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALIDITAS DAN PRAKTIKALITAS LKPD HIDROLISIS GARAM BERBASIS GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING TERINTEGRASI ETNOSAINS UNTUK FASE F SMA
Authors: JELITA FARAH , ANDROMEDA ANDROMEDA
Published: February 2025

The independent curriculum demands discovery-based learning, so the use of teaching materials must be adjusted based on the curriculum and the needs of students. In chemistry learning, the integration of ethnoscience can improve conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills by connecting knowledge theory with real-life phenomena, such as culture in society. This study aims to determine the level of validity and practicality of the salt hydrolysis LKPD based on guided discovery learning integrated with ethnoscience that was developed. The research was conducted using the 4D research model (define, design, develop, and disseminate), the limitations in this study were carried out until the development stage of the validity test and practicality test. The validity test was carried out on experts and then tested on 32 students in phase F of SMA N 1 Batang Anai. The results of the study obtained an Aiken's V value of 0.85 (valid) and the level of practicality of teacher and student responses was 93% and 86% (very practical), respectively. These results indicate that the salt hydrolysis LKPD based on guided discovery learning integrated with ethnoscience for phase F of SMA is valid and very practical to use in learning after being tested for its effectiveness.
ABSTRAKKurikulum merdeka menuntut pembelajaran berbasis penemuan, maka penggunaan bahan ajar harus disesuaikan berdasarkan kurikulum serta kebutuhan peserta didik. Dalam pembelajaran kimia, pengintegrasian etnosains dapat meningkatkan pemahan konsep serta keterampilan pemecahan masalah dengan menghubungkan teori pengetahuan dengan  fenomena kehidupan nyata, seperti kebudayaan dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui tingkat validitas dan praktikalitas LKPD hidrolisis garam berbasis guided discovery learning terintegrasi etnosains yang dikembangkan. Penelitian diakukan menggunakan model penelitian 4D (define, design, develop, dan disseminate), pembatasan pada penelitian ini dilakukan hingga tahap develop uji validitas dan uji praktikalitas. Uji validitas dilakukan kepada para ahli kemudian diuji cobakan kepada 32 peserta didik fase F SMA N 1 Batang Anai. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai Aiken’s V sebesar 0,85 (valid) serta tingkat praktikalitas respon guru dan peserta didik masing-masing sebesar 93% dan 86% (sangat praktis). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa LKPD hidrolisis garam berbasis guided discovery learning terintegrasi etnosains untuk fase F SMA valid dan sangat praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran setelah diuji efektivitasnya.
TANTANGAN DAN STRATEGI GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN LITERASI SOSIAL SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: RELA NI LUH CINDY , LASMAWAN I WAYAN , KERTIH I WAYAN
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify the challenges and formulate strategies used by teachers to develop students' social literacy through social studies (IPS) learning in elementary schools. Social literacy is considered a crucial skill, encompassing the ability to understand, analyze, and participate in social interactions and understand diverse societal perspectives. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. The findings reveal several key challenges, including time constraints, varying levels of social skills among students, limited facilities, and challenges in implementing digital technology. Identified strategies include project-based learning, integration of technology, and collaboration between schools, families, and the community. Conclusions indicate that a holistic approach is necessary for effective and comprehensive development of social literacy.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dan merumuskan strategi yang digunakan oleh guru dalam mengembangkan literasi sosial siswa melalui pembelajaran IPS di sekolah dasar. Literasi sosial dianggap sebagai kemampuan penting yang mencakup pemahaman, analisis, dan partisipasi dalam interaksi sosial serta memahami perspektif masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa tantangan utama, termasuk keterbatasan waktu, perbedaan tingkat keterampilan sosial siswa, keterbatasan sarana prasarana, serta tantangan dalam penerapan teknologi digital. Strategi yang diidentifikasi meliputi pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis proyek, integrasi teknologi, serta kolaborasi antara sekolah, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan holistik diperlukan untuk mengembangkan literasi sosial secara efektif dan menyeluruh.
A FUNDAMENTAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPREHENDING COMMUNICATION IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY.
Authors: Khmelnitskaya O.M.
Published: February 2025

Communication in science is a complex socio-cultural system that has closely interrelated components. This significantly expands the possibilities for its study. Different theories from various fields of scientific thought offer competing views on the specific details and essence of scientific communication. These theories include linguistic, sociological, philosophical, psychological, and cybernetic approaches. However, there is currently a lack of a unified theoretical and methodological basis in the sociology of science that could integrate the accumulated knowledge from socio-philosophy and sociology regarding the specifics and significance of scientific communication in light of the changes occurring in professional scientific communication due to globalization. Information and communication processes in modern society, and the formation of an information society in Kazakhstan, pose the challenge for humanitarians to find new ways to understand and predict the processes that are taking place. Factors such as globalization and the intense influence of mass communication on individuals have significantly changed the communication behavior of modern people, making the study of the role of media in today’s information society extremely important, especially in the era of internet development. Today, the impact of the internet on society continues to grow, with the information society seen as an evolutionary extension of the industrial era. Sectors related to information creation and consumption are rapidly growing, as are new information and communication technologies arising from scientific and technological advancements. This revolution is transforming the way we communicate, produce, process, and transmit information, becoming a powerful force that significantly influences social, economic, and political processes. In this context, the need for rethinking mass communication theory and practice becomes urgent. For Kazakhstan, sociology of mass communication is a relatively new field, and Kazakh scientists are likely currently conducting scattered empirical research in the area of media studies.
STRATEGY OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CONFLICTS BASED ON GAME THEORY
Authors: Yskak O. , Biswas I.
Published: February 2025

The article presents strategic methods of mathematical modeling of conflicts that are frequently repeated in modern society. Although game theory was initially used in economic and mathematical sciences, as a result of recent research, it has been proven that it can be successfully used in social sciences as well. It is known that the problem of preventing and avoiding any conflict is becoming one of the most relevant topics every year. However, while social sciences show us that conflicts can only be observed, using mathematical methods we can manage and predict conflicts. The scientific article also contains information about the researchers who worked in the mentioned topic. There are also scientific examples of how conflict can be represented and studied in game theory. It is known that the application of game theory in conjunction with the diffusion equation quickly brings us closer to the truth. It is known that the application of the theory of games together with the diffusion equation quickly approaches the truth. In the modern era, we can see that conflicts have developed in an evolutionary way. We can also make sure that the tools of social research that were used to monitor conflicts in the 20th century will not work well in the new millennium. It seems that the first priority for the science of conflictology is to increase the practical fund as much as possible. For the development of the domestic science of conflictology, a large base fund of works and research by European and world scientists is needed. When there is a need to form competent conflict experts, we understand the need for specialists who can use the methods of natural sciences such as game theory, mathematical modeling, and diffusion equations in social sciences. After all, without the aforementioned mathematical methods for predicting and modeling future conflicts, it is undoubtedly difficult to achieve that goal.
TEACHING CHEMISTRY TO LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Sadykov T.M. , Kokibasova G.T. , Alimkulova M.K. , Unerbaeva Z.O.
Published: February 2025

At the present stage of the reform of the education system, every general education institution should accept and meet the special educational needs of all students, i.e. it should be inclusive. Because the number of students entering inclusive classes is increasing, the education of children with special educational needs is becoming an urgent educational issue. Teachers working with these students have trouble for several reasons. This study aimed to investigate the possibilities of improving students' pedagogical skills in the context of inclusive education in chemistry. The pedagogical experiment was conducted in the secondary school 73 in Karaganda from 18 January 2022 to 3 April 2022. 8 "A" class was the control class and 8 "B" class was the experimental class. Three students, recommended by the chemistry teacher were selected for the pedagogical experiment and observed throughout the experiment. The students participated in the inclusive education programme and were assigned to the experimental class 8 'B'. According to the results of the final test, the quality of knowledge of the students in the experimental class with inclusive students increased by 4.6% in chemistry.
ГЕОГРАФИЯ САБАҒЫНДА «КЛИМАТТЫҢ ӨЗГЕРУІНЕ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ САЛДАРЫНА ҚАРСЫ КҮРЕС»ТҰРАҚТЫ ДАМУ МАҚСАТЫН ОҚЫТУДА ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ӘДІСТЕРДІ ҚОЛДАНУ
Authors: Тилекова Ж.Т. , Әбушаман С.Ә.
Published: February 2025

Мектеп географиясы географиялық ғылымның ерекшеліктерін көрсете отырып, табиғат-ты, қоғамды және олардың өзара іс-қимылының сипатын зерделеудің кешенді тәсілімен ерекшеленеді, сондықтан іс-әрекеттік тәсілді жүзеге асыру үшін зерттеу қажет тақырып-тардың бірі. Мектеп географиясын оқыту кезінде оқушылардың зерттеу, практикалық және шығармашылық іс-әрекетін ұйымдастыру оқушылардың білімін жетілдіруге, оларда геогра-фиялық іскерлік пен дағдыларды қалыптастыруға бағытталған.Климаттың жаһандық өзгерістері қазіргі қоғамның маңызды мәселелерінің бірі болып отыр, сондықтан мектеп бағдарламасына бұл тақырыпты енгізу білім беру процесінің өзекті міндеттеріне айналды. Оқушыларды климаттық өзгерістердің себептері, салдары және олар-ды азайту жолдары туралы оқыту экологиялық сауаттылықты арттырады, сыни ойлау мен мәселелерді шешу дағдыларын дамытады. Сонымен қатар, оқыту барысында табиғи ресурс-тарды ұтымды пайдалану, жаңартылатын энергия көздерін қолдану, экологиялық таза көлік және қалдықтарды дұрыс басқару сияқты практикалық аспектілер қарастырылады. Бұл оқу-шылардың экологиялық жауапкершілік сезімін қалыптастырып, оларды ғаламдық экология-лық мәселелерді шешуге бағытталған белсенді азаматтар ретінде тәрбиелеуге ықпал етеді.Бұл мақалада мектептегі білім беру процесіндегі, соның ішінде географиядағыклиматтық өзгерістергеқарсы күресті оқытуға байланысты әдебиеттік талдаулар жүргізілді. Мектептегі география пәні бағдарламасындағы климат пен климаттың өзгеруін зерттеудің маңызды-лығы, оқушылардың климаттың өзгеруіне қарсы күресте зерттеушілік қабілеттерін дамыту, алдын алу шаралары сияқты күрделі және даулы тақырып бойынша шет елдік зерттеулер мен ғалымдардыңтеориялық пікірлері талқыланады. Мақаланың практикалық маңыздылығы білікті бітіру жұмысының материалдары мен зерделеу және талдау негізінде жасалған қорытындыларды жалпы білім беретін мекеме-лердің география мұғалімдері әртүрлі сыныптардағы климат тақырыбын неғұрлым егжей-тегжейлі зерделеу кезінде география сабақтарында, сондай-ақ география мұғалімінің сабақ-тан тыс қызметінде пайдалана алатындығында болып табылады.
On-road vehicle emission measurements show a significant reduction of black carbon and nitrogen oxides emissions in Euro6c and 6d diesel-powered cars
Authors: Ježek Brecelj Irena , Gregorič Asta , Zgonik Lucijan , Rutar Tjaša , Ivančič Matic , Alfoldy Balint , Močnik Griša , Rigler Martin
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study compares the results of three on-road chasing campaigns conducted in 2011, 2017, and 2023, making it the first to report how real-world emission factors (EF) for diesel vehicles have changed over a decade. By directly measuring emissions during real-world driving, this research provides critical insights into the effectiveness of emission control technologies and regulatory interventions. The findings highlight the transformative impact of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs), which have consistently reduced black carbon (BC) EF from diesel vehicles to levels comparable to gasoline-powered cars. This underscores the success of DPFs in controlling particulate emissions, a major contributor to air quality issues. Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations have also proven effective in significantly lowering nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. By incentivizing the use of previously underutilized technologies, these regulations ensure better compliance with standards during typical driving conditions. Real-world EF measurements are crucial for bridging the gap between ambient pollution data and traffic emission models, enabling more accurate assessments of vehicle fleet contributions to air quality. This study employs an independent chasing method, demonstrating its value as a practical tool for monitoring fleet emissions, identifying super-emitters, and detecting vehicles with defeat devices. Overall, this decade-long analysis highlights the significant advancements in reducing diesel emissions, while emphasizing the importance of sustained efforts in monitoring and regulation to further improve air quality and refine emission modeling frameworks.
Calibrating the GAMIL3-1° climate model using a derivative-free optimization method
Authors: Liang Wenjun , Tett Simon Frederick Barnard , Li Lijuan , Cartis Coralia , Xu Danya , Dong Wenjie
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Parameterization in climate models often involves parameters that are poorly constrained by observations or theoretical understanding alone. Manual tuning by experts can be time-consuming, subjective, and prone to underestimating uncertainties. Automated tuning methods offer a promising alternative, enabling faster, objective improvements in model performance and better uncertainty quantification. This study presents an automated parameter-tuning framework that employs a derivative-free optimization solver (DFO-LS) to simultaneously perturb and tune multiple convection-related and microphysics parameters. The framework explicitly accounts for observational and initial condition uncertainties (internal variability) to calibrate a 1-degree resolution atmospheric model (GAMIL3). Two experiments, adjusting 10 and 20 parameters, were conducted alongside three sensitivity experiments that varied initial parameter values for a 10-parameter case. Both of the first two experiments showed a rapid decrease in the cost function, with the 10-parameter optimization significantly improving model accuracy in 24 out of 34 variables. Expanding to 20 parameters further enhanced accuracy, with improvement in 25 of 34 variables, though some structural model errors emerged. Ten-year AMIP simulations validated the robustness and stability of the tuning results, showing that the improvements persisted over extended simulations. Additionally, evaluations of the coupled model with optimized parameters showed–compare to the default parameter setting–reduced climate drift, a more stable climate system, and more realistic sea surface temperatures, despite a slight energy imbalance and some regional biases. The sensitivity experiments underscored the efficiency of the tuning algorithm and highlight the importance of expert judgment in selecting initial parameter values. This tuning framework is broadly applicable to other general circulation models (GCMs), supporting comprehensive parameter tuning and advancing model development.
Predictive Performances of Machine Learning– and Deep Learning–Based Univariate and Multivariate Reservoir Inflow Predictions in the Chao Phraya River Basin
Authors: Kraisangka Jidapa , Dornpunya Pheeranat , Rittima Areeya , Sawangphol Wudhichart , Phankamolsil Yutthana , Sriratana Tabucanon Allan , Talaluxmana Yutthana , Vudhivanich Varawoot
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study demonstrated the predictability of Machine Learning (ML)– and Deep Learning (DL)–based univariate and multivariate predictions of reservoir inflows of Bhumibol (BB) and Sirikit (SK), two major dams in the Chao Phraya River Basin. XGBoost, tree–based ensemble–, and LSTM, deep neural network–based algorithms were selected for development of daily and monthly prediction models. For univariate prediction, the inflows of the BB and SK dams were predicted separately using two individual models. In contrast, for multivariate prediction, a single model was developed to simultaneously predict the inflows of both the BB and SK dams facilitating the integrated decision–making processes. Across all prediction scenarios, ML– and DL–based models demonstrated superior performances in predicting daily reservoir inflows for BB and SK dams compared to monthly predictions, achieving NSE values of 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. Since modeling with LSTM algorithm can effectively handle larger datasets, this enables single multivariate prediction model to predict closer results to those individual univariate models performed by XGBoost and LSTM for BB and SK prediction. XGBoost models mostly outperformed LSTM when tested on the datasets for both daily and monthly univariate predictions. Among all prediction scenarios, underprediction of low reservoir inflows and overprediction of high reservoir inflows by both univariate and multivariate models were consistently existed. Therefore, extracting specific and informative insights from the results of each model type, forecasting horizon, and algorithms used can significantly enhance decision–making support for both real–time reservoir operation and long–term reservoir management planning.
Trabajo significativo y condiciones laborales en el Tercer Sector. Un enfoque crítico para la reflexión desde una revisión teórica
Authors: Salguero González Pedro
Published: February 2025

Este artículo presenta una revisión teórica sistemática que examina la intersección entre el trabajo significativo y la dimensión política del trabajo, con un enfoque específico en el Tercer Sector. La revisión abarca principalmente literatura académica desde la década de 1970 hasta 2024, período que coincide con la emergencia y evolución del Tercer Sector como espacio socioeconómico distintivo. Esta revisión teórica resulta necesaria debido a la escasez de análisis críticos que examinen las contradicciones inherentes entre las aspiraciones de trabajo significativo y las condiciones laborales reales en el Tercer Sector. A través del análisis de contribuciones teóricas críticas, el artículo identifica la emergencia de una nueva subjetividad laboral que busca combinar autorrealización y compromiso social, pero que se desarrolla en un contexto de creciente precariedad laboral. Los hallazgos de esta revisión sirven para: 1) sistematizar el conocimiento existente sobre las tensiones entre trabajo significativo y condiciones laborales en el Tercer Sector; 2) proporcionar un marco teórico para futuros estudios empíricos sobre esta problemática; y 3) contribuir al debate sobre si la precariedad en este sector representa una oportunidad para nuevas formas de organización política o un riesgo para la emancipación social. La revisión concluye señalando la necesidad de repolitizar el debate sobre el trabajo significativo en el Tercer Sector y de desarrollar más investigación empírica sobre las dinámicas identificadas.
Percepción social y salud mental de las personas sin hogar en la provincia de Almería.
Authors: Salvador Ferrer Carmen María , Jurado Pérez María Daniela , Rodríguez Fernández Ascensión , Martínez Crisol Juan José
Published: February 2025

En el presente trabajo se pretende conocer la percepción de las personas sin hogar de la provincia de Almería en lo que respecta a los elementos sociales-personales (factores motivadores de la situación; estigma y discriminación; salud y bienestar y empoderamiento y dignidad) y su relación con el tiempo que llevan viviendo en la calle y la asistencia a centros de salud mental. Se aplicó un cuestionario para realizar el cuenteo de las personas sin hogar a nivel nacional. Los datos indican que las personas sufren discriminación, especialmente insultos. También, hallamos que la mayoría de personas tienen problemas de enfermedad mental. De la misma manera, parece que existe una relación entre la asistencia a los centros de salud mental y el tiempo que llevan en esta situación y los actos denigrantes. Estos datos indican que es preciso promover enfoques holísticos, participativos e integradores donde se promuevan intervenciones personalizadas orientadas a lograr la dignidad humana.
A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DOCENTE NO CURSO DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DA UFCAT: UM DEBATE NA PERSPECTIVA MATERIALISTA DIALÉTICA
Authors: Sampaio José Francisco Silva , Silva Mariana Batista do Nascimento
Published: February 2025

Este artigo é parte da Dissertação de Mestrado, cujo título é “A Formação inicial docente no curso de Educação Física da UFCAT: a relação dos dizeres dos estudantes com os documentos curriculares pedagógicos”. O estudo problematiza a formação inicial do profissional da área de Educação Física e investiga os sentidos atribuídos pelos licenciandos do curso de Educação Física da UFCAT em “ser docente”, com ênfase na maneira como estes estudantes compreendem seu percurso de graduação, as perspectivas sobre a profissão docente e a formação inicial. Consideramos que a identidade do docente de Educação Física se relaciona com o pertencimento ao campo da Educação, sendo ela formal ou não formal. Neste artigo, apresentamos apenas parte das discussões feitas na dissertação a partir do corpus de análise, a saber: 1.questionário respondido voluntariamente por estudantes do quarto ao oitavo período do curso de graduação em Educação Física da UFCAT; 2. Grupo focal realizado com oito estudantes que se dispuseram a participar. Como aporte teórico e metodológico, apoiamo-nos na teoria materialista histórico-dialética para as discussões e na teoria bakhtiniana para analisar os sentidos nos dizeres obtidos no grupo focal.
O CONCEITO DE INSERÇÃO CRÍTICA DE PAULO FREIRE E A UNIVERSIDADE SERTANEJA DO CARIRI
Authors: Protásio Alexandre Reinaldo , Silva Wagner Pires da , Barbosa Erlene Pereira
Published: February 2025

O artigo busca explorar as contribuições teóricas de Paulo Freire para a gênese de uma instituição que reflita a cultura e a história sertaneja do povo caririense, uma universidade sertaneja. O artigo defende que uma universidade sertaneja pode se opor ativamente ao modelo de educação centrado no projeto de (re) produção do capital, que ignora as características históricas e culturais do semiárido, formando mão-de-obra para atender às demandas do mercado. Ao combater a lógica da padronização e da mercantilização, a universidade pode tornar-se um espaço que promova a cultura nordestina como um modo de vida válido. Nesse sentido, Paulo Freire é destacado como referência teórica fundamental para a compreensão do papel dos(as) oprimidos(as) no processo de ocupação e apropriação da UFCA.
INDICADORES DO PROCESSO DE POPULARIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS MINEIRAS
Authors: Ferreira Tenisziara Moura , Oliveira Renato de , Ovigli Daniel Fernando Bovolenta
Published: February 2025

Este artigo é o recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento que tem como objetivo analisar o que dizem os documentos das universidades federais de Minas Gerais a respeito de como realizam a Divulgação Científica (DC). A pesquisa qualitativa documental utilizou como procedimento analítico a Análise Textual Discursiva - ATD, de acordo com Moraes e Galiazzi (2006). O corpus foi constituído das informações disponíveis nos meios de comunicação oficiais das instituições (ex: sites, canais no YouTube e Instagram, Facebook), excluindo, neste primeiro momento, os documentos normativos e operacionais (ex: PDI, Política de Comunicação, Portarias e Resoluções). Como resultado, foram identificadas seis categorias relacionadas à DC nas universidades federais mineiras: (i) estrutura institucional; (ii) meios de comunicação; (iii) eventos e iniciativas espontâneas; (iv) colaborações e parcerias; (v) acessibilidade e inclusão e (vi) políticas e diretrizes institucionais.
INDICADORES DE RESULTADOS EDUCACIONAIS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE DESIGUALDADES EM REDES MUNICIPAIS DE ENSINO PÚBLICO
Authors: Ribeiro Raimunda Maria da Cunha
Published: February 2025

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar indicadores de resultados educacionais de redes municipais de ensino público no estado do Piauí e em que medida podem denotar o forjamento de desigualdades educacionais. A metodologia empreendeu a pesquisa do tipo quantitativa, com base em levantamento de sinopses estatísticas oriundas do Censo da Educação Básica, dos resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) e, também, dados oriundos do IBGE referentes a 8 municípios: 4 com IDEB mais alto e 4 com IDEB mais baixo na educação de 2023, no contexto do Piauí. Os dados nos permitem auscultar indicadores de cada município pesquisado, de tal forma, que conseguimos identificar desigualdades econômicas, sociais, político-institucionais e, sobretudo, educacionais, ali implicadas.
IGUALDADE OU EQUIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA? UM DEBATE CONCEITUAL
Authors: Lima Naira da Costa Muylaert
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma discussão teórica sobre os princípios de justiça subjacentes às políticas educacionais e às práticas escolares. As reflexões propostas foram feitas a partir do entendimento da Educação como um direito público subjetivo, tendo como referência conceitual o princípio da diferença – termo estabelecido por John Rawls para a gestão das desigualdades em sistemas político-liberais e que fundamenta a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas compensatórias (ações afirmativas). O estudo defende que a justiça na educação se concretiza por políticas que articulem os conceitos de equidade e igualdade que não são independentes e muito menos excludentes, pois possuem relação intrínseca. Entende-se que ações baseadas no conceito de equidade são instrumentos meios para a concretização da plena igualdade.
An experience of staged treatment of gunshot wounds
Authors: Bogdanov S. B. , Tikunov D. V. , Shevchenko A. V. , Mukhanov M. L. , Zaytseva S. L. , Dutov V. S. , Sheshev A. R.
Published: February 2025

The article describes clinical cases of successful treatment of gunshot wounds (shot) in the Trauma Department of the Scientific Research Institute – Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after Professor S.V. Ochapovsky" (Krasnodar, Russia). In the treatment of gunshot fractures, the recognized method is the use of external transosseous fixation devices, but in modern conditions it is possible to use various surgical techniques of one-stage and staged treatment. To prevent infectious complications, in addition to medications, VAC drainage and subsequently delayed autodermoplasty are recommended for victims with the most severe fractures.

Purpose of a study: to select the most successful effective tactics for the treatment of non-standard clinical cases with ligamentous gunshot wounds of the extremities.

Material and methods. Upon admission, all wounded underwent laboratory tests: general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, immunological cytological studies, radiography and ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the injured limb. Subsequently, surgical treatment of the wound, its vacuum therapy, plastic surgery with pedicle flaps and free skin autoplasty were performed in stages.

Results. To replace the wound defect with exposure of deep anatomical structures, plastic surgery with skin-fat flaps was performed with an individual approach to the choice of the type of skin plastic surgery.

Conclusion. The key factors for the success of the surgical results are consistency in treatment and active monitoring of the wound surface, aimed at early detection of potential complications in the postoperative period.
Non-Placement of the On-Job Trained Employees on their Performance in Public Universities in Kenya
Authors: M. Awino, , R. Shitsinzi,
Published: February 2025

Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST) is one institution that sponsors its administrative staff in various trainings such as on-job training. These trainings aim to ensure that employees remain relevant in their jobs. As a result, employees leave to look for greener pastures thus high turnover rates. This paper, therefore, attempts to investigate the effects of non-placement of the on-job-trained employees on their performance. The study was anchored on the Theory of Performance utilizing the case study approach with a total sample size of 149 respondents. A structured questionnaire and an interview schedule were used for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively while qualitative data was analysed thematically. From the findings, it was inferred that most respondents agreed that non-placement could affect job performance. The study concludes that employees perform optimally when they are well-placed. The study recommends that institutions should ensure that they hire qualified and competent administrative staff and also endorse policies on the appropriate placement of employees.
Reading Habits of the Undergraduate Level EFL Learners: A Survey
Authors: A. K. Pathan,
Published: February 2025

The importance of reading in learning a new language is unquestionable. Someone who wants to master a new language, s/he must read a lot in that language as reading is one of the two means of language input; the other one is listening. Reading not only helps the students to learn new words and expressions of the target language but also makes them familiar with the varieties of sentence structures and their uses in various contexts. Unfortunately, the EFL learners in Bangladesh do not usually read non-academic texts written in English like English newspapers, magazines, novels, and stories, among others. This hinders their lexical and syntactic development of the target language and consequently hampers their overall language learning process. The current study attempts to explore the reading habits of the undergraduate level EFL learners through a five-point Likert-scale survey. Ten different types of questions are set to investigate what the learners read or what they like to read in English, how much time they spend on reading English, and how much importance they give to improve their reading skills. The study finds that most of the students do not regularly read non-academic English texts. The majority of the students read them occasionally. Moreover, a considerable number of students are fond of reading non-academic English texts. Many do not even like to read their institutional textbooks in English. This indicates that the students are not really sincere about improving their reading skills. Although many different types of reading materials are available around, they do not read them to develop their reading skills. As a result, they fail to develop good reading habits in their daily lives.
TrQtNTR: a new algebra for establishing secure public-key NTRU
Authors: Yassein Hassan R. , Shahhadi Sarah H.
Published: February 2025

NTRU has been proven computationally efficient and can be implemented at low cost. In addition, it does not depend on factorization integer problems or discrete logarithm problems, it depends on truncated polynomials ring. This paper presents the design of the TrQtNTR public key cryptosystem. It is based on qua-tripternion, a novel algebra with a distinctive mathematical structure. High security and efficiency are ensured by the new system, which is thought to be ideal for various applications.
Comparative Analysis of Classification Models for Steel Rods Using Convolution Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Systems
Authors: Chandrashekar P.
Published: February 2025

Maintaining high-quality steel rods is crucial in the competitive steel-strip production industry. Human visual inspection has traditionally been the primary method for detecting flaws, but it has limitations in accuracy, processing time, cost, and reliability. Automated visual inspection technologies have been developed to address these issues. However, in-depth research on vision-based approaches for identifying and categorizing surface flaws in steel products has also proven ineffective. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various classification models for different types of steel rods using a combination of pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and fuzzy logic systems. We employ VGG16 to extract features from grayscale images of steel rods and then use multiple classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). Additionally, we explore fuzzy c-means clustering, fuzzy SVM, and fuzzy regression models to enhance classification accuracy. Experimental results indicate that fuzzy logic systems can significantly improve classification performance compared to traditional methods. Our study includes learning-driven, statistical, spectral, and texture segmentation methods, as well as diverse classification techniques. The paper also outlines future research directions.
Analysis of hemodynamics indicators during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under epidural anesthesia
Authors: Yusufzoda O. K. , Safarzoda A. M. , Zikirzoda A. Kh. , Ibrokhimov Yu. Kh. , Ziyoev Sh. H.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To assess hemodynamic changes during the use of epidural anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and methods. The study included 184 patients who underwent surgery for cholelithiasis, with epidural anaesthesia in 105 cases and combined general anaesthesia in 79 cases. The majority of patients were female, 163 (88.6%), and 21 (11.4%) were male. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 88 years. Anaesthetic risk was assessed according to the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification. The epidural space was punctured in the sitting position between vertebrae Th8-Th11.

Results. Patients were divided into two groups according to the chosen method of anaesthesia and haemodynamic characteristics. In the first group, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed under epidural anaesthesia. This group was further divided into two subgroups according to haemodynamic parameters: patients with a normokinetic type of circulation (20 individuals) and those with a hypokinetic type of circulation (19 individuals).

The second group consisted of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general endotracheal anaesthesia. The baseline haemodynamic status of these patients was characterised by a normokinetic type of circulation.

Conclusion. A key advantage of epidural anaesthesia is the maintenance of spontaneous breathing throughout the operation. This allows adequate compensation for the adverse effects of capnoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery
Treatment tactics for pregnant women with hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Berdiev R. N. , Turdiboev Sh. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To optimize delivery methods for pregnant women with hemorrhagic stroke.

Material and methods. The study included 41 pregnant women aged 20 to 40 years with haemorrhagic stroke. All women underwent a general clinical examination, a haemostasis study, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral angiography, consultations with a neurologist, neurosurgeon, anaesthesiologist and ophthalmologist.

Results. Surgical intervention was required in 21 (51.2%) cases due to haemorrhage. The extent of the surgical intervention was as follows: - cranectomy with removal of intracerebral haematoma (IH) in 6 (28.6%) cases, osteoplastic trepanation with removal of IH in 3 (14.3%) pregnant women, trepanation with drainage of subacute and chronic IH in 4 (19. 1%), ventriculoperitoneostomy for occlusive hydrocephalus due to subarachnoid haemorrhage in 5 (23.7%) cases, and AA/AVM clipping in 3 (14.3%) of the remaining cases. Conservative management was performed in 20 (48.8%) cases. Residual effects of the transferred GI were observed in 22 (53.6%) women. Fundus examination revealed signs of intracranial hypertension in 18 (43.9%) pregnant women.

Conclusion. Optimisation of the management of pregnant women who have had a haemorrhagic stroke with the participation of a group of specialists, timely diagnosis, adequate treatment of cerebral pathology allows to avoid errors in medical and obstetrical management, maintain pregnancy and safely increase the frequency of delivery of these patients through the natural birth canal. Timely detection and adequate treatment of brain pathology help reduce errors during treatment and delivery, which, in turn, supports the preservation of the gestational period and ensures the birth of a viable child.
Modern aspects on the immunological status of overweight children with nosocomial pneumonia
Authors: Aslamova G. K. , Ikromi Т. Sh.
Published: February 2025

This scientific review analyzes the socio-epidemiological, clinical and immunological aspects of communityacquired pneumonia against the background of overweight in children. The main points regarding the prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among children of early and older age, with overweight are outlined, and along with this, the relevance of this problem was considered not only in the Republic of Tajikistan, but in the world as a whole. The distinctive features of the immunological status of the body of children with community-acquired pneumonia against the background of excess body weight and other forms of pneumonia were noted. The clinical and immunological dependence of the body in community-acquired pneumonia on the background of chronic malnutrition in children is discussed.
On the issue of organizing active tuberculosis screening, taking into account key and individual vulnerabilities
Authors: Bobokhojaev O. I. , Saidova S. N. , Abdulloev N. N. , Gulomzoda B. Z. , Rasulov Yo. F. , Shukurov S. G.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To analyze the main groups of patients with individual vulnerability to tuberculosis (TB), as well as key risk groups for the development of TB.

Material and methods. This study identified and analyzed groups of patients with individual susceptibility to TB and key risk groups for the development of TB. WHO recommendations, TB program monitoring and evaluation reports, clinical guidelines and personal observations were used.

Research results. The study identified the following vulnerable populations and key risk groups for tuberculosis: HIV-infected people, drug addicts, contacts, prisoners, labor migrants, patients with diabetes, viral hepatitis, mental illness, and decreed population groups. The methods and frequency of screening in each of these population groups are described.

Conclusion. The findings showed that even with screening intervals as short as four months, 21% of patients were diagnosed with the disease at a moderately advanced stage, with a slightly lower percentage diagnosed at a late stage. For this reason, targeted screening among representatives of key high-risk groups for TB disease and vulnerable individuals allows for timely detection of cases of latent and active TB among them and improvement of clinical outcomes of the disease among these population groups.
Some issues of the clinical course of central nervous system damage in newborns
Authors: Vokhidov A. , Abdurakhmanova R. F. , Khokiroev D. S. , Abidjanova N. N.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To study the impact of risk factors on the development of brain damage in the perinatal period.

Material and methods. The work is based on a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of the maternity hospital and the “mother and child” department of the state institution MC “Istiklol” in Dushanbe. The analysis included birth histories and developmental charts of newborns for the period from 2019 to 2021. In the process, data from statistical accounting form 32 “Report on medical care of pregnant women, women in labour, postpartum women and newborns” were used. Approved by the order of the State Statistics Service under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan No. 054 of 11 October 2013, the analysis covered the period from 2017 to 2021.

Results and discussion. The highest number of children with birth injuries in the republic over the five analyzed years was recorded in 2018, with 2,020 cases. In 2021, the total number of children with birth injuries was 1,879.

Over the five-year period, the incidence of birth injuries decreased by 20.9%; however, the number of affected children increased by 393 cases.

In the city of Dushanbe, the highest number of newborns diagnosed with intrauterine hypoxia was recorded in 2019, with 962 cases, accounting for 7.4% of all children born sick or who developed illnesses. In 2021, a decrease in the proportion of children born sick was observed, with a reduction rate of 53.3%.

Conclusions. An unstable trend in the reduction of the number of children born sick or who developed illnesses has been identified, with an increase in this indicator observed in 2021 compared to other years.

The proportion of children who experienced intrauterine hypoxia has shown a clear downward trend over the fiveyear period. The number of children born with asphyxia in Dushanbe exhibits a pronounced tendency toward reduction.
Therapeutic and diagnostic solutions for the recurrence of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Gulzoda M. K. , Salimov D. S. , Mukhabbatzoda J. K. , Kholmatov P. K. , Ali-Zade S. G. , Nosiri K. N. , Kobilov I. I.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To study the impact of risk factors on the recurrence rate of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (AASBO) and to determine the indications for laparoscopic adhesiolysis.

Materials and methods. To investigate the causes of AASBO recurrence, a statistical analysis of patients’ medical records was performed. The study included 50 patients who were divided into two groups according to the recurrence of the disease. The first group included 28 patients (56.0%) who experienced a recurrence of AASBO. The second group included 22 patients (44.0%) with no recurrence. This analysis allowed us to identify potential factors influencing the likelihood of AASBO recurrence and to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic measures aimed at preventing recurrences.

Results and discussion. The primary factors associated with the risk of recurrence of AASBO include multiple episodes of AASBO in the patient’s history, elevated white blood cell levels, absence of colonic pneumatosis on radiographs of small bowel obstruction, significant volume of gastric contents drained by tube, and delayed transit of contrast medium through the small bowel. These indicators can serve as important predictors in determining the risk of disease recurrence and the need for additional medical intervention.

Conclusion. The scale used in the study to assess the intensity of the adhesion process in the peritoneal cavity demonstrated its effectiveness. Based on the factors identified, a system for predicting the risk of recurrence after conservative treatment was improved, achieving an accuracy of 86%. This supports its recommendation for use in planning conservative therapeutic approaches.
Transfusionrelated acute lung injury (TRALI-syndrome) in critical states and its prevention measures
Authors: Bakhovadinov B. B. , Shumilina O. V. , Ashurzoda G. S. , Pevtsov D. E. , Muradov A. A. , Kubiddinov A. F. , Estrina M. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To study the prevalence of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

Material and methods. A retrospective and prospective analysis of the medical histories of 3,750 women in labour and postpartum women with class III-IV (WHO) haemorrhage, 756 patients with acute gastroduodenal haemorrhage of ulcerative etiology, 150 victims of polytrauma complicated by massive haemorrhage was undertaken. In addition, the results of transfusion therapy of 7,325 oncological and haematological patients hospitalised at the Research Institute of Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Transplantation named after R. Gorbacheva were analysed.

Results and discussion. TRALI was diagnosed in 24 patients and “possible TRALI” in 5 obstetric patients, or 0.77% of cases. The frequency of TRALI and “possible TRALI” was 1 case per transfusion of 870.3 doses of donated blood and blood components. In surgical patients - 4 and 2 (0.79%) respectively (1 case per transfusion out of 765 doses of blood components). In polytrauma patients, the diagnosis of “possible TRALI” was made in 3 patients (2.0%). 4 cases of TRALI and 5 cases of “possible TRALI” were diagnosed in patients with oncological and oncohematological profiles. The frequency of TRALI and “possible TRALI” was 1 case per 16,155 transfusions.

Conclusion. Transfusion of blood components is a high risk factor for the development of TRALI, especially from female donors with a history of multiple pregnancies and childbirth. In order to prevent TRALI, it is necessary to screen the blood of female donors for the presence of anti-HNA, anti-HLA antibodies, or to discontinue the clinical use of plasma-containing components of blood from female donors and to arrange for the preparation of platelet concentrate in an additional solution.
Intracranial infectious complications in patients with combined traumatic brain injury
Authors: Naimov S. R. , Rakhmonov Kh. J. , Kositov D. D. , Husainov E. S.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To describe the structure of infectious complications and determine the risk of their formation in patients with combined TBI.

Material and methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma of the Avicenna Tajik State Medical University at the State Medical Centre “Shifobakhsh” from 2020 to 2024. Participants were included according to the following criteria: hospitalisation in a national medical institution in the first 72 hours after TBI, age between 18 and 75 years, and stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 48 hours. A total of 124 patients with TBI were included.

Research results. The acute phase of TBI is characterized by a significant prevalence of intracranial infectious complications, observed in 16% of cases. The most common infectious complication was meningitis, found in 18.7% of patients. The highest frequency of infectious complications was found in patients with category 4-8 intracranial injuries.

Conclusion. Combined traumatic brain injury is associated with a high incidence of infectious complications, which were detected in 18.6% of study participants.