bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytochemical Studies on the leaves of Solanum torvum Sw
Authors: Janarthanan L , Balakrishnan BR , Karthikeyan V , Senniappan P , Venkateswarlu BS , Anandharaj G
Published: September 2019

A genus of plant belongs to the family Solanaceae well distributed in India more than 26 species which are found naturalised in India. Solanum torvum Sw. is a medium sized flowering plant in the Solanaceae family that is found in India, Malaysia. Transverse section of lamina showed the adaxial part has thick, short hump; the midrib and the adaxial hump have thin, angular epidermal cells. The upper part of adaxial hump has a few layers sclerenchyma cells. The inner layer of the adaxial midrib also has few layers of thick walled cells. The ground tissue consists of wide circular thin walled parenchyma cells with narrow inter cellular spaces. The vascular system of the midrib showed bi-collateral structure. Non glandular, profusely branched, thick walled, lignified epidermal trichome occurs as both on the veins and lamina. Physico-chemical standards such as Foreign Matter, Total Ash, Water Soluble Ash, Sulphated Ash, Loss on Drying, Water Soluble Extractive, Alcohol Soluble Extractive and Crude Fiber Content in percentage were estimated. Preliminary phytochemical screening of appropriate solvent extracts showed the presence of Alkaloids, Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Lignin, Fats & Fixed Oils, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Tannins, Proteins, Starch, Steroids and Triterpenoids and absence of Volatile Oil, Mucilage and Pectin. Microscopic analysis and other parameters were informative and provide valuable information in the identification, standardization of Solanum torvum leaves.
Keywords: Solanum torvum, Solanaceae, leaf, Microscopical evaluation.
Role of Some Homeopathic Medicines in Allergic Rhinitis: An Investigational Study
Authors: Kavishwar Viplav N. , Anpat Ashok V.
Published: September 2019

Allergic rhinitis is one of common pathological condition mainly affecting growing age children and person with weak immune system. The disturbed pattern of daily regimen and contact with infected person may also induce pathogenesis of disease. The pathological manifestation arises when specific antigen antibody reaction initiated which leads release of inflammatory mediated like histamine. The release of histamine produces typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This condition affects around 25% of adults while prevalence of disease is more in children (around 40%). Asthma and sinusitis are the chronic stages of allergic rhinitis. Present study summarized effects of homeopathic medicine in patients suffered with allergic rhinitis. Study suggested that arsenic album and sulphur offers beneficial effects in the management of allergic rhinitis.
Keywords: Homeopathy, Medicine, Allergic Rhinitis, Potency
Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Clitoria ternatea Hepatoprotective & Nephroprotective Activity in Rats
Authors: Chandra Srikanta
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective & hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of  Clitoria ternatea  in Cisplatin & CCl4 induced in rats
Methods: Methanolic extract of aerial part of Clitoria ternatea  plant was studied  for its Nephroprotective  & Hepatoprotective activity in animal experiment models. Nephrotoxicity was induced by Cystone  16 mg/kg b.w . Standard drug was taken Silymarin .Test drug were given methanolic extract   Clitoria ternatea   500 mg/kg , 1000 mg/kg  . Hepatoxicity was induced by CCl4 .Standard drug was taken cisplatin 100 mg/kg . Test drugs were given extract of  Clitoria ternatea 500 mg/kg  & 1000 mg/kg as per b.w
Results : In Hepatoprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 and increased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to negative control group whereas Test(2) group was  provided with methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea  1000 mg/kg decreased SGPT , SGOT , ALP level compare to standard group. In nephroprotective activity positive control group was provided with CCl4 increased Urea and creatinine level where as Test(2) group are provided with methanolic extract of  Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg decreased urea and creatinine level
Conclusion: On evaluating biochemical parameters it was found that methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea 1000 mg/kg showed hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity in rats.  
Keywords:  SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Nephroprotective, Hepatoprotective
Bridging Studies- A Key in the Extrapolation of Clinical Results between Regions
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Aditya Srinivas S.
Published: September 2019

In pharmaceutical industry, the sponsors are interested in bringing their drug products from one region (e.g., the United States of America) to another region (e.g., Asian Pacific) to increase the exclusivity of the drug products in the marketplace. However, it is about the clinical results that can be extended from the victim patient population in one region to a similar, but different patient population in a new region due to a possible difference in ethnic factors. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) suggested that a bridging study may be important to extrapolate the clinical results between regions. However, little or no information concerns the basis for determining whether a bridging study is necessary based on the assessment of the complete clinical data package provided by the ICH. Moreover no criteria on the evaluation of similarity of clinical results between regions is given.
Keywords: International Conference on Harmonization, Bridging study, Clinical trails
Contract Research Organization (CRO): An Important Partner to Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Paul Sangbit
Published: September 2019

With the ever increasing Research and Development cost for the pharmaceutical industries, the cost of bringing a drug to market was increasing drastically. The funds for drug development was drying up and thus to maintain a healthy profit margin , the pharmaceutical companies have adopted to frame out research and development (R&D) to Contract Research Organizations (CRO’s). The CRO’s have become an important partner to biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies, in the development of new compounds and at the same time in drug registration also it has extended its hands. Out of 20, 19 pharmaceutical companies have invested in emerging markets like China, India, Russia and Latin America since clinical research is accessible to these markets due to adoption of ICH and GCPs guidelines. The traditional nature of CRO’s have changed and they will develop into a formidable industry in near future.
Pre-Formulation Study for Palatable Microbeads of Lycopene
Authors: Rahman Yasir , Amin Saima , Mir Showkat R , Kohli Kanchan
Published: September 2019

Lycopene is a widely used nutraceuticals for its antioxidant property but the molecule has poor aqueous solubility, high instability, and extremely low intestinal permeability leading to its poor bioavailability. In the present study, pre-formulation study was carried out to prepare sodium alginate microbeads with the intention to deliver an effective amount of lycopene for high absorption through oral route. A thorough physical characterization and spectral analysis were done to understand the characteristic of lycopene such as its melting point, UV spectrophotometric analysis, chromatography through reverse phase HPLC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were adopted to know the interaction of sodium alginate with lycopene. Box-Behnken design (version 9.0.2.0, Stat Ease Inc, USA) was used to analyse the effect of formulation variables such as sodium alginate (%), glutaraldehyde (%) and stirring speed on lycopene entrapment and its loading into microbeads. The adopted preformulation strategy revealed that lycopene was a crystalline powder with a sharp melting point at 155oC and the prominent functional groups were present in the sample. UV and HPLC analysis revealed precise quantitation and authenticity of lycopene. Excipient compatibility also revealed inertness of sodium alginate. Response surface morphology revealed significant effect of alginate, glutaraldehyde and stirring speed on formation of best composition. Therefore, it is concluded that lycopene can be formulated as microbeads for oral drug delivery.
Keywords: lycopene, sodium alginate, permeation, absorption, microbeads
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet of Repaglinide
Authors: Thakare Eknath B , Malpure Prashant S. , Maru Avish D. , More Yashpal M.
Published: September 2019

The aim of present investigation was formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablet of Repaglinide to study the effect of different polymers on release profile of drug for prolonged release. In this study mucoadhesive buccal tablet were prepared by direct compression method. Various rheological characteristics of the powder bed like bulk density, compressibility index, and angle of repose were evaluated and studied. Mucoadhesive buccal tablets were compressed on a 8 station mini press using 10 mm flat faced punches and were all assessed for weight variation, hardness, thickness, percent swelling index, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro release of the drug by using USP TDT 08L dissolution testing apparatus method II using a paddle at 50 rpm. Data was optimized by using 32 full factorial design by using software named as design expert and with the help of kinetic study. The stability studies showed that there is no decrease in the drug content of all formulations for the period of 2 months.
Keywords: Buccal tablet, Repaglinide, HPMC K100M, Xanthan gum.
Expression and purification of Murine IFN-γ protein from cloned E. coli strain containing pRSET A Vector with IFN gamma gene
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Mathiyazhagan N. , Suresh K. , Gajendiran K. , Manopradesh M.
Published: September 2019

The cloned E. coli cell containing Murine IFN -γ inserted pRSET A vector system was effectively expressed in this study.  The induction of the clones was done using IPTG in E.coli and induces mRNA generation and synthesis protein. It has shown an expression of protein with 18 kda in SDS PAGE and western blotting and their size was determined by GENE RUNNER software.  This recombinant protein has a 6x His tag and it has been proved as it has shown a potent anti His property in western blotting. The purification of the protein was further done by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Nitrilo tri acetic acid (NTA) binds more stably with nickel (Ni) with 4 to 6 ligand binding sites in the coordination sphere of Nickel leaving two sites free to interact with the 6X His tag. The total results conclude that the targeted IFN gamma (408bp mouse gene) cloned in pRSET A was effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 strain cells and purified IFN gamma protein effectively as 1mg/ml. The purified IFN gamma protein may be used to diagnose the antiviral activity and antitumor activity.
Key words: IFN gamma, pRSET A, E. coli, SDS PAGE, Western Blotting
Evaluation of Primary Metabolites and Antioxidant Potential Activity of Cayratia trifolia (Leaf and Stems)
Authors: Anita , , Jasuja Nakuleshwer Dut , T Manas Mahur
Published: September 2019

Cayratia trifolia Linn. Domin Syn. Vitis trifolia (Family: Vitaceae) is commonly known as Fox grape in English; Amlabel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit. It is native to Asia and Australia. This plant is used for chronic fever, rheumatic, anti-inflammatory etc. In the present study, quantitative analysis and free radical scavenging activities of stem ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia was investigated. The extract was found to possess more secondary metabolites and it exhibit radical scavenging activities, Based on the results it can be concluded that, the stem ethanolic extract of Cayratia trifolia which contains high amount of secondary metabolites and exhibits free radical scavenging activities, phytochemistry from leaves and stems using spectral techniques. This research paper provides information mainly on various biological activities like antimitotic, antidiabetic and anti-implantation and several medicinal uses. Biological activities of few of them have been studied maximum concentration of Proteins (58.4mg/gdw) and minimum concentration in total soluble sugar (0.7mg/gdw) and maximum concentration of Lipid peroxidase (5.01mg/gdw) and minimum concentration in FRAP (0.197mg/gdw).
Keywords: Cayratia trifolia; Vitaceae; Phytochemistry; Antioxidant.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Avicennia marina against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats
Authors: Vellimalai K , Dinesh Kumar G , Jayaseelan K
Published: September 2019

Plants play an important role in the life of human, as the major source of food, as well as for the maintenance and improvement of health and for the elimination of the enemies since ages. Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaves extract  of Avicennia marina are evaluated in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The ethanolic leaves extract  of Avicennia marina have shown very significant hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and GGT and levels of total bilirubin and total protein were investigated and showed an increase in alcohol induced rats when compared to control. The extracts of the test plant exhibited significant (p < 0.01) hepatoprotective activity against the alcohol induced liver models by improving liver function which was indicated by reduction in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and total protein.
Keywords: Avicennia marina, Hepatoprotective, Liver Enzymes, Silymarin
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CURCUMIN LOADED LIPOSOME AND ITS BIO-ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Verma Khushboo , Prasad Jhakeshwar , Saha Suman , Sahu Surabhi
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate curcumin loaded liposome and its bio- enhancement. Curcumin was selected as a natural drug for liposome formulation. Curcumin show variety of biological activity but it also shows poor bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility (1 µg/ml), poor absorption and rapid metabolism so that piperine was selected as bio enhancer to improve curcumin bioavailability. Soy lecithin and cholesterol were used to prepared curcumin and curcumin-piperine loaded liposome at different ratio by thin film hydration method because of easy to perform, and high encapsulation rates of lipid. The all liposome formulations (F1-F5) were evaluated by mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug release. Bioavailability was also determined on rat. Blood samples were collected at specific intervals, and plasma was separated by ultracentrifugation. Plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 425 nm taking acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) acidified with 2% acetic acid as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min using C18 column. The mean particle size was found in the range between 800-1100 that indicate liposome are large unilamellar vesical types. By zeta potential study its conform that the all formulation was stable. The encapsulation efficiency of all liposome formulation are varied between 59-67%. In vitro drug release was analyse in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer, the maximum %CDR observed at the 12 hrs., and formulation are follow sustained release thus they reduce metabolism, good absorption rate which improve bioavailability of drug. From in-vivo study, it is clear that curcumin-piperine liposomal formulation, increases Cmax, area under the curve, and mean residence time significantly as compared to pure curcumin and pure curcumin liposome.
Keywords: liposome; Curcumin; Piperine, Thin film hydration method; Bioavailability
Comparative in vivo study of pure drug and fast dissolving tablets of Simvastatin
Authors: Babu M. Suresh , Murthy T. E. Gopalakrishna
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the pharmacokinetic patterns between pure drug and an optimized  formulation of fast dissolving tablets  of Simvastatin. The formulations were administered to 2 groups of white New Zealand rabbits (n=6) following cross over design pattern and the plasma levels were measured using LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each formulation. The comparison of the plasma time curves of the dosage forms showed that each dosage form caused significant differences in the drug plasma levels.  The highest mean Cmax value was observed for optimized fast dissolving tablets (68.33 ± 0.42ng/ml) compared to  pure drug (27.72 ± 0.31ng/ml). The mean time taken to peak plasma concentration for (Tmax) following administration of pure drug  was  11.53 ± 0.011hours, while it was 6.09 ± 0.072 hour following administration of selected optimized fast dissolving tablets.The elimination rate constant (Kel) for pure drug and optimized fast dissolving tablets were found to be 0.58 ± 0.012h-1and 0.53 ± 0.014 h-1 respectively.  The absorption rate constant (Ka) for pure drug and optimized fast dissolving tablets were found to be 1.68 ± 0.01h-1and 5.53 ± 0.02h-1 respectively. The AUC0-αvalues observed with optimized fast dissolving tablets686.1.±2.07 nghr/ml in compared to pure drug values 191 ± 1.43 nghr/ml. Thus, the results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated rapid and higher oral absorption of Simvastatin when administered as its fast dissolving tablets. Both Ka and AUC were markedly increased by fast dissolving tablets.
Keywords: LC-MS/MS, Simvastatin, fast dissolving, In-vivo studies, pharmacokinetic parameters.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF A UNANI ANALGESIC FORMULATION HABB-E-SURANJAN
Authors: Suhail Shahid , Parveen Shagufta , Jilani Shazia , Shama ,
Published: September 2019

Habb-e-Suranjaan is an important compound preparation which is used for a centuries in Unani system of medicine as an effective analgesic for all types of Waj-al-Mafasil (Arthritics). The drug is known for its pharmacological actions such as Mushile-Balgham (Phlegmagogue), Mushile-Safra (Cholagogue), Mushile-Sauda (Melanagogue), Mohallile-Waram (Anti-inflammatory), Musakkin-e-Alam (Analgesic), Dafae Niqris (Anti-gout) Muqawwi-e asaab (Nervine tonic) Munawwim (Hypnotic/Soporific), Musaffi-e-Dam (Blood Purifier). Ingredients of Habb-e-Suranjaan play very effective role in management of different types of Waj-al-Mafasil.  In this article, standardized value of a specimen of Habb-e Suranjaan assessed on physico-chemical and analytical parameters viz Macroscopic and microscopic features, extractive values, moisture contents, Ash values, loss of weight on drying, pH of 1 % and 10 % solution, TLC and  Fluorescence analysis are provided. The moisture content and the ash value were found within the recommended normal range. The value of different hot extracts (Petroleum ether, Methanol, chloroform and Aqueous) is more than the cold extracts of drug.
Keywords-  Habb-e-Suranjaan, Waj-al-Mafasil, Analgesic.
Berbris aristata DC: Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytochemical Studies of its Leaves
Authors: Karthikeyan V , Balakrishnan BR , Senniappan P , Janarthanan L , Venkateswarlu BS , Anandharaj G
Published: September 2019

Berberis aristata DC. (Fam: Berberidaceae) commonly known as Daruharidra, Indian Barberry or tree turmeric. Leaves of this plant are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, wound healing, skin disease, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice and infection of eyes etc. Micromorphology and physicochemical analysis of the leaves of B.aristata were performed as per WHO and Pharmacopoeial methods. Leaves (4.9cm × 1.8cm) are deep green on dorsal and light green on ventral side. Leaves are in tufts of 5 to 8, phyllotaxy verticillate, simple spiny, lanceolate, toothed, leathery, sessile, acuminate apex and reticulate pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation of leaves showed biconvex midrib and thick lamina. The epidermal layers of the midrib are thick with small, less conspicuous cells and thick cuticle. The vascular system consists of three large vascular bundles; the median one is small than the two lateral bundles; the bundles are collateral and wedge shaped.  Lamina is made of epidermal layer on the adaxial side with spindle shaped thick walled cells and papillate cuticle. The abaxial epidermis has squarish or rectangular epidermal cells with prominent spiny cuticular outgrowths. Powder microscopy showed the presence of cuticular papillae, anomocytic stomata and spiny outgrowth. Preliminary phytochemical screening of appropriate solvent extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, tannins, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, carbohydrates and absence of glycosides and volatile and fixed oil. Microscopic analysis and other parameters were informative and provide valuable information in the identification, standardization of B.aristata leaves.
Keywords: Berberis aristata, Berberidaceae, leaf, Microscopical evaluation.
Development of Hot Melt Coating Technique for Taste Masking of Chloroquine Phosphate Tablets
Authors: Madgulkar Ashwini R. , Bhalekar Mangesh R. , Vaidya Aishwarya Deepak , Kaushal Pauroosh , Mudalwadkar R. P.
Published: September 2019

In the present study to mask the unpleasant taste of chloroquine phosphate, hot melt coating technique was used as a taste masking tool. Hot melt coating is a solvent free technology grants rapid, additionally economical coating process with reduced risk of dissolving drug during process and provide uniform application rate of coating agent. Precirol ATO 5 was used as hot melt coating material for taste masking. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and coated using hot melt coating technique. Coated tablets exhibited good uniformity of drug content. Amount of drug release from all batches were evaluated. Taste evaluation of hot melt coated tablets was done by using electronic tongue.PrecirolATO5 was found to be a better taste masking agent when used by hot melt coating technique.

Keywords: Precirol ATO 5, Hot melt coating, taste masking.
Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. Review of Its Botany, Medicinal Uses, Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemistry
Authors: Bhardwaj Manisha , Alia Aparna
Published: September 2019

The oldest remedies identified to mankind are herbal medicines. India is recognized worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. As only little studies are done on this plant, the purpose of current review is to make accessible up-to-date information on, botany, morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities on diverse parts of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (C. wightii). This review was assembled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as Springerlink, BioMed Central, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Medline and Science domain. Supplementary literatures were obtained from books, book chapters, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. C. wightii  (Syn. Commiphora mukul Hook. ex. Stocks) or Guggulu tree. C. wightii is a shrub or small tree belonging to Burseraceae family. C. wightii contains volatile oil, gum resin, gugulipids, guggulsterones, guggulsterols, mukolol and other steroids. Guggulu is very much used in Ayuvedic system of medicine as astringent, anti-septic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, carminative, anti-spasmodic, emmenagogue. In Ayurveda, it is the best among herbs that are used for Medoroga and Vata disorders. It is widely used for obesity and it is also known as fat burning agent all over the world. It helps to lower cholesterol and triglycerides level. It is very effective in rheumatoid arthritis, gout and sciatica. It is also one of the most important Rasayana of Ayurveda. In addition it treats sluggish liver, stimulates libido, nervous diseases, bronchial congestion, cardiac and circulatory problems, weak digestion, wounds, abscess, foetid ear, fractures, gynaecological problems and various skin diseases. C. wightii is a very important and trustworthy herb in Ayurvedic medicine. This alternative system of medicine is gaining increasing fame universal. There is a required to isolate active constituents, their biological test, molecular mechanisms, experimental defense and legalization of therapeutic uses of C. wightii. The collected information will be obliging to locate up study protocol for current drugs and Ayurvedic formulation extension in remedial and luxury a variety of ailments.
In-Vivo Studies on Anti-Diabetic Potential of Leucas Aspera in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Madhu GC , Jaianand Kannaiyan , Rameshkumar K , Balaji Paulraj , Veeramanikandan Veeramani
Published: September 2019

Nanotechnology is being a utilized in medicine for diagnosis, therapeutic drug delivery and for the development of treatment for many ailments and disorders specifically in the areas of drug delivery, as medical diagnostic tools, and as diseases cure agents. During the past decades, the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles has received considerable attention due to the growing need to develop environmentally sociable technologies in material synthesis. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats and, serum creatinine, blood urea, protein content, enzymatic antioxidant, and non-enzymatic antioxidant was estimated.  This study evidenced the efficacy of the anti-diabetic potential of Leucas aspera leaf extract in the in-vivo model.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Leucas aspera, Streptozotocin (STZ).
Traditional Remedies for Wound Healing: A Review
Authors: SHAIKH Shakila Shabbeer , Ukande Manisha D. , Murthy Krishna , Shete Rajkumar V , Solunke R.S.
Published: September 2019

Wounds are a natural part of everyday life that can be successfully treated with the knowledge of Ayurveda. Ayurveda is the study of science that is based on herbal remedies. A wound must progress through vrana shodhana (wound purification) and vrana roopana (wound healing) and pass through the four stages of wound healing; dushta vrana (septic wound), shudh vrana (clean wound), roohyamana vrana (healing wound), and roodha vrana (healed wound). Through this, Ayurveda has revealed knowledge for treating conditions that can’t be treating by the modern medicine. Ghee-based herbal formulations claimed to promote wound healing in traditional practices. This article aims to provide probable scientific explanations for using medicated ghrita (ghee) as wound healing formulation in Ayurvedic system of medicine and its clinical importance.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Wound, Ghrita, Wound healing.
Cytotoxic Anti-Cancer Activity of Certain Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly (Ester-Amides) Containing 2, 6-Bis (Benzylidene)Cyclohexanone Moiety in the Main Chain
Authors: Kalappa Kavitha Erra , Ramalakshmi N.
Published: September 2019

Five thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester-amides) were synthesized by polycondensation method. The poly(ester-amides) were synthesized from varying dicarboxylic acids with a common diamine namely 4,4'-diaminobenzene and a common diol namely 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene))cyclohexanone. For qualitative characterization, viscosity measurements and solubility data were used for these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR were performed to investigate the microstructural features of these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The thermal phase transition behavior of these poly(ester-amides) were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Hot-stage Optical Polarized Microscopy (HOPM). The degree of crystallinity was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) technique was used to illustrate the morphology of these poly(ester-amides). The copolymer synthesized was subjected into in vitro anti-cancer activity studies against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line.

Keywords: Bisbenzylidenecyclohexanone; poly(ester-amides); polycondensation; thermotropic liquid crystalline properties; cytotoxicity, anticancer.
Review on Teneligliptin: A novel antihyperglycemic agent
Authors: Gorde V. D. , Rachh Punit R.
Published: September 2019

Diabetes mellitus relates a metabolic disorder of collective aetiology which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia caused due to disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism due to impaired β cell function of pancreas or insulin resistance or both. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have recently emerged as a new class of antidiabetic that show favorable results in improving glycemic control with a minimal risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Teneligliptin is a recently developed oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Teneligliptin, characterized by a "J-shaped" structure formed by five consecutive rings which give unique binding characteristics, reflect in higher potency than other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. Teneligliptin is a novel antihyperglycemic agent with a preferable profile in terms of long-term efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor, Teneligliptin, Hypoglycemia,
ANTIEPILEPTICS USE IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Arshida P , Sreejith Koorikat , Thehsin K Shabana , Nadiya Banu MT , Sulaikha S , Midhun KP
Published: September 2019

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition in women of reproductive age. Being careful in antiepileptic treatment during pregnancy can avoid birth defects in off springs. Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine are some of the antiepileptics used even during pregnancy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL GEL CONTAINING Allium cepa EXTRACT
Authors: Sarukh Vikram S. , NAGOBA SHIVAPPA N , Hindole S. S. , Kaudewar K. D. , More Digamber R.
Published: September 2019

Herbal medicines widely improved for primary health care because of better cultural acceptability and better compatibility with human body and lesser side effects. The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate of herbal gel containing Allium cepa extract. Topical gel formulation was designed by using Allium cepa extract and carbopol 934 as a gelling agent and different excipients. The herbaceous plant Allium cepa (onion). It has great health significance and is consumed for nutritional and health benefits for last centuries. It contains flavonoids compound. Plant extract used for prevention of hair loss. Raw onion eaten in salad form this is play very important role in health beneﬁts. Gel was prepared by incorporating extract of Allium cepa in gel at a particular step in order to prepare non greasy formulation. Gel Formulation F3 Batch was optimized in the concentration 1.5% of Carbopol 934. Different gel formulations were evaluated for their physical appearance; pH, Spreadability, Homogeneity in-vitro diffusion ,Viscosity and Drug Excipients comparability study are carried out.
A Review Bioactive Components of Vigna mungo
Authors: Dhumal Jeevan Suresh , Chaudhari Sanjay R , Chavan Macchindra J
Published: September 2019

The bioactive compound is secondary plant metabolites eliciting pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. Legumes are a valuable source of proteins and nutrients for the majority of the world population. Vigna mungo is one of the important legume crops extensively cultivated in India and other parts of the world. Pulses and legumes have been gaining interest because they are an excellent source of bioactive compounds. The objective of this present review is to compile all relevant information published regarding bioactive components from the Vigna mungo. Various bioactive components reported in Vigna mungo were found and it includes flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic acids, enzymes, fibers, starches, trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, lectins, saponins, tocopherols, fatty acids and proteins. This review clearly demonstrates that Vigna mungo is rich in bioactive components and these components are located in various organs of the plant.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Tagetes Erecta L. Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Vidyadhar Kamshetti Manoj , Sharma Hemant Kumar
Published: September 2019

Tagetes erecta L. is a widespread garden plant that is commonly known as the marigold, and it is widely used as a medicinal herb for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-edematous properties, which are important for phytotherapeutic, dermatological and cosmetic applications. In this study, the protective effects of water extract of Tagetes erecta L. against liver damage were evaluated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. The results showed that the treatment of extract significantly lowered the CCl4-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (GOT, GPT, ALP, and total bilirubin Liver histopathology showed that extract reduced the incidence of liver lesions including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, lymphocytes infiltration, hepatic necrosis, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation induced by CCl4 in rats. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Tagetes erecta L. Extract could protect liver against the CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, and this hepatoprotective effect might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.

Keywords: Tagetes erecta L., Carbon Tetrachloride, Liver Damage, Hepato-protection
Antitumor efficacy of Folic Acid conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles of SN-38 after oral delivery
Authors: Shilpi Prasad , Dangi J.S
Published: September 2019

The objective of the present research was to develop folic acid conjugated polymeric nanoparticles (FCsPNP) and to investigate its therapeutic effectiveness in xenograft Colon tumor models after oral delivery. Chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles (CsPNP) were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation method and it was further conjugated with Folic acid. Optimized formulation was investigated for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PdI), % entrapment drug loading and in vitro release. The morphology was observed by SEM and TEM images. Tumor regression studies were conducted on Balb/c mice implanted with Colo-26 cells. FCsPNP were successfully prepared and optimized. In vitro parameters viz. Particle size, Zeta potential, PdI were found to be optimum. The in vitro % release is directly correlated with the nature of polymers and folate conjugation. In vivo tumor regression studies found the formulations to be less toxic than Irinotecan hydrochloride (IHCl). CsPNP and FCsPNP were successfully prepared and evaluated for antitumor efficacy after oral delivery. FCsPNP were more effective in the colon tumor treatment and found to be less toxic than IHCl thus making it a potential drug delivery candidate for future anticancer therapy.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Xenograft colon tumor, Chitosan, Irinotecan hydrochloride
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Flavonoids from Corchorus olitorius L.
Authors: Dhayal Kalpna , Kumar Dileep
Published: September 2019

Corchorus olitorius is fibre yielding plant with nutritive value so human used its various parts in their food. Flavonoids  are secondary metabolites  of plants and exist with variable phenolic structures.In the present study carried out the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids by using chromatographic and spectral studies.Total amount of flavonoids were  found in Corchorus olitorius ( 0.55 mg/gdw in stem and 0.30 mg/gdw in fruit). Thirty three compound were found in GC-MS analysis, Ethyl Oleate found to be maximum from fruits of Corchorus olitorius.

Keywords: GC-MS,flavonoids , Corchorus olitorius.
Challenges Faced During eCTD and CTD Filling Procedures for USFDA and Canada
Authors: Ahammad Nisar , Reddy Nagarjuna , Nagabhushanam M.V. , Ramakrishna Brahmaiah
Published: September 2019

Electronic Common Technical Document (eCTD) is a topic of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical Industry as it become compulsory for filing procedures.  The Common Technical Document (CTD) is a set of specification for application dossier, for the registration of Medicines and designed to be used across Europe, Japan and the United States.Quality, Safety and Efficacy information is assembled in a common format through CTD .The CTD is maintained by the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Electronic common technical documentis an interface used by applicants of marketing authorisation for medical products to submit regulatory affairs document to the agency concerned. The purpose of this article is to present a concise overview of challenges faced during eCTD & CTD submissions in United States and Canada. A regulatory process, by which a person/organization/ sponsor/innovator gets authorization to launch a drug in the market, is known as registration process. The registration process will be done by submitting technical information to the authority

Keywords: electronic common technical document (ECTD)/ (CTD), International conference on hormonisation (ICH), Drug registration process.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Sustain Release Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Prochlorperazine Dimaleate
Authors: Patle Bharti , Jain Vivek , Shende Shradha , Jain Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2019

Floating drug delivery systems are the gastroretentive forms that precisely control the release rate of target drug to a specific site which facilitate an enormous impact on health care. The purpose of this research was to develop a novel gastro retentive drug delivery system based on direct compression method for sustained delivery of active agent to improve the bioavailability, reduce the number of doses and to increase patient compliance. Gastro retentive floating tablets of Prochlorperazine dimaleate (PCZ) were prepared by direct compression method using altered concentrations of HPMC K4, HPMC K15 and PVP K30 as polymers. The prepared tablets of PCZ were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content uniformity, buoyancy lag time, total floating time, in-vitro dissolution study, etc. All the compositions were resulted in adequate Pharmacopoeial limits. Compatibility studies was execution during FTIR shown that there was absence of probable chemical interaction between pure drug and excipients. The varying concentration of gas generating agent and polymers was found to affect on in-vitro drug release and floating lag time. In vitro drug release of floating gastro retentive tablet of PCZ shown that the formulation F9 was found to be the best formulation as it releases 98.89% in a controlled manner for an extended period of time (up to 12 hrs). The release data was fitted to various mathematical models such as Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, First order and Zero order to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of the drug release. The optimized formulation (F9) showed no significant change in physical appearance, drug content, floating lag time, in vitro dissolution studies after 75%±5% RH at 40±20C relative humidity for 6 months.  Prepared floating tablets of PCZ may prove to be a potential candidate for safe and effective controlled drug delivery over an extended period of time for gastro retentive drug delivery system.

Keywords: Prochlorperazine dimaleate, Floating tablet, Gastro retentive, Total floating time.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Prochlorperazine Dimaleate
Authors: Shukla Kavita Varma , Sharma Vishal
Published: September 2019

Fsee Full PDF
Formulation and Evaluation of Glucosamine Sulphate Potassuim Chloride 1500 Mg and Methyl Sulphonyl Methene 200 Mg Film Coated Tablet
Authors: Abbas Jameel , Ansari Yaasir Ahmed , Malik Tauheed Ahmad , Sayed Isar Ahmad , Sayyed Mukhim , Azharuddin Mohd.
Published: September 2019

Methyl Sulphonyl methane (MSM) is an organ sulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO2. Glucosamine is naturally hygroscopic is nature when exposed to air and moisture and degradable whether in the form of tablet or raw material.  To overcome this problem Glucosamine needs to bond with suitable stabilizer.  Glucosamine Sulphate in the form of Salt i.e. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride are stable. The normal dose of Glucosamine is 500-1500 mg TID.  It is very difficult to compress the tablet at the label claim 1500 mg because some additives are also required in the formulation and the average weight is 1800 mg.  As per the pre formulation studies it is concluded that tablet average weight less than 70 mg are very difficult to compress and more than 1500 mg are difficult to swallow in adult patient.  Glucosamine stimulates the formation or manufacture of collagen, the protein portion of the fibrous substance that holds joints together and provides a shock-absorbing cushion, as a person ages, the cartilage that cushions the joints often loses its ability to support healthy cellular growth. This condition, called osteoarthritis, often leads to rough bones that rub together and cause distress with every twist or bend.  In this condition patient regularly required the Glucosamine tablet in 1500 mg three times a day. But it’s very difficult to compress the tablet at huge weight because D tooling compression machine have maximum limit is 1500 mg. For such critical formulation weight cam is adjusted in lower direction to increase the weight and feeding of granules in feed frame through force feeder resolve the dissolution problem. This tablet is prepared by wet granulation method by using Non Aqueous binding showed good results physical evaluation parameters and chemical parameters such as Assay, and Dissolution values. The granules are lubricated using suitable lubricants / Glidant / Antiadhrants were good in their flow properties. Assay and dissolution studies were conducted by the HPLC method.
Gastroretentive Mucoadhesive Microsphere for the Management of Gastric Infection
Authors: Mishra Sri Prakash , Nayak Amit , Mishra Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Abhay
Published: September 2019

Gastric infections are mostly triggered by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a fungus that colonizes the stomach mucosa of more than 50% of the inhabitants of the world. Chronic H. Pylori diseasewas associated with stomach diseases such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and stomach adenoc arcinoma. Current therapy for eradication relies on antibiotic-based therapies that are ineffective in about 20% of patients. Traditional method constraints optimize the creation of new techniques for fast, consistent and cost-effective H diagnosis. Infection with pylori. Wide-ranging study has been carried out over the previous few centuries to create a type of gastro-retentive dosage (GRDF). This sort of dosage form can advance the delivery and efficiency of stomach-active medicines because the GRDF enables the medication to remain in the stomach for a sufficient time period. Various methods were used to develop effective GRDFs such as high-density systems, low-density systems, swelling and expansion systems, hydrodynamically balanced systems, superporous hydrogels,. However, there are both merits and demerits in these kinds of schemes. Intra-individual and inter-individual dissimilarities are obstacles to the growth of effective GRDFs in gastric physiology. Examples of these individual differences include gastric pH and gastric motility that have a notable effect on the moment of stomach retention and delivery of drugs. Some of these obstacles can be overcome by developing a novel mucoadhesive microsphere. The mucoadhesive microsphere is characterized by close contact of the MDF with the mucosal layer, thereby increasing the localized absorption of the drug. H2Receptor antagonists (H2RAs) have become first-line therapy for acid related peptic disease and GRDF especially designed for H2RAs and drugs against H. pylori, including specific targeting systems and leading to a marked development in the quality of life for a large number of patients. In this relationship, new formulations with improved absorption, improved bioavailability and improved acid-suppressing regimens are welcome

Keywords: H. pylori, gastro-retentive dosage, mucoadhesive microsphere
A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF INSULIN MEDICINAL PLANTS Costus spicatus- JACQ.
Authors: Senthilkumar S , Azhagu Madhavan S , Andrews S , Ganesan S
Published: September 2019

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic pharmacognostical characters of Costus spicatus flower extract along with their Phytochemical screening of physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence and Vitamins analysis.

Methods: The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of Costus spicatus flower extract constant, fluorescence analysis and Preliminary phytochemical investigation.

Result: Plant products are believed to more preferable due to less toxicity, economic and better patient compliance. Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in minute amounts designed for growth and activity of the body. The term also means that vitamins can be destroyed and become unable to perform their functions inour bodies. The phytochemical report of the plant exposed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, phenols, tannins, glycosides and steroids as organic phytoconstituents. Every constituent plays an important role and deficiency of any one constituent may lead to abnormal developments in the body. Plants are rich source of all the elements essential for human being. Qualitative analysis of various inorganic elements revealed the presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Iron, sulphates and phosphates.

Conclusion: The present study of good source of Costus spicatus may be useful for human health associated emerging diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, vitamins, Costus spicatus, physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence analysis
Enrichment Design : Additional Screening Process
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Shambhavi K.
Published: September 2019

Identification of a human subject into a study for a clinical trial involves screening and placebo run in periods. In some cases additional screening process is required as some therapeutic agents will be effective in patients with some disorders as they show changes in response. Hence, an additional screening process called Enrichment design is employed in the clinical trials which includes active treatments as it helps in easy identification of patients in whom test agents are found to be beneficial during early phase of trial. They also helps in identification of patients with better therapeutic response. Thus, this additional screening process restricts the target population into a very small selective group during the clinical trial making the trial process easier and effective.