bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Dipyrrolyl-bis-sulfonamide chromophore based probe for anion recognition
Authors: Ghule Namdev V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Bhosale Sidhanath V.
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Dipyrrolyl-bis-sulfonamide chromophore based probe for anion recognition’ by Namdev V. Ghule et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 27112–27115, DOI: 10.1039/C4RA04000G.
Advancements and future prospects of wearable sensing technology for healthcare applications
Authors: Sharma Asha , Singh Anoop , Gupta Vinay , Arya Sandeep
Published: March 2022

The realm of wearable technology is continually growing.
Weak polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Geoghegan Mark
Published: March 2022

Grafted weak polyelectrolytes (brushes) change shape with pH and/or added salt. This gives them “smart” properties that can be used in adhesion, lubrication, or actuation.
Copper coordination polymers with selective hole conductivity
Authors: Michaels Hannes , Golomb Matthias J. , Kim Byeong Jo , Edvinsson Tomas , Cucinotta Fabio , Waddell Paul G. , Probert Michael R. , Konezny Steven J. , Boschloo Gerrit , Walsh Aron , Freitag Marina
Published: March 2022

Low-dimensional copper coordination polymers represent an alternative, unprecedented class of charge transport materials, comprised of molecular building blocks.
Solvent polarity tuning to enhance the crystallinity of 2D-covalent organic frameworks for visible-light-driven hydrogen generation
Authors: Elewa Ahmed M. , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Hassan Ahmed E. , Wen Zhenhai , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Lee Tsung-Lin , Ting Li-Yu , Mekhemer Islam M. A. , Huang Tse-Fu , Elsayed Mohamed Hammad , Chang Chih-Li , Lin Wei-Cheng , Chou Ho-Hsiu
Published: March 2022

The higher the polarity or the hydrogen bond donor ability of the solvent, the more easily COFs crystallize, and the higher the COF crystallization, the higher the photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Immobilization strategies for porphyrin-based molecular catalysts for the electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Abdinejad Maryam , Tang Keith , Dao Caitlin , Saedy Saeed , Burdyny Tom
Published: March 2022

Using homogeneous and heterogeneous metalloporphyrin-based catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 to value-added materials.
Mitigation of RuO6 octahedron distortion by enhanced A-site electronegativity in pyrochlore for acidic water oxidation
Authors: Yan Jiabiao , Zhu Jing , Chen Dawei , Liu Shuai , Zhang Xu , Yu Shoushan , Zeng Zhenhua , Jiang Luhua , Du Fanglin
Published: March 2022

Enhanced A-site electronegativity in pyrochlore oxides mitigates RuO6 octahedron distortion to boost the activity and stability of the acidic OER.
Cobalt and oxygen double doping induced C@MoS2–CoS2–O@C nanocomposites with an improved electronic structure and increased active sites as a high-performance anode for sodium-based dual-ion batteries
Authors: Zong Jingui , Wang Fei , Nie Chang , Zhao Mingshu , Yang Sen
Published: March 2022

Cobalt and oxygen double doping induced C@MoS2–CoS2–O@C nanocomposites has been synthesized. The special structure improves electronic structure, increases active sites and possesses superior electrochemical performance.
Correction: Spherical Co3S4 grown directly on Ni–Fe sulfides as a porous nanoplate array on FeNi3 foam: a highly efficient and durable bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Shen Jun , Li Qin , Zhang Wenxiu , Cai Zhenyu , Cui Liang , Liu Xiuping , Liu Jingquan
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Spherical Co3S4 grown directly on Ni–Fe sulfides as a porous nanoplate array on FeNi3 foam: a highly efficient and durable bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting’ by Jun Shen et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 5442–5451, DOI: 10.1039/d1ta07504g.
A 3D-printed biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold loaded with platelet lysate/gelatin methacrylate to promote vascularization
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Boqing , Wan Ting , Zhou Changchun , Fan Yujiang , Tian Weidong , Jing Wei
Published: March 2022

Our research showed that the vascularization capability of a 3D-printed BCP scaffold was enhanced after being loaded with PL/GelMA, which shows potential for tissue regeneration engineering.
Fluorescence detection and imaging of intracellular sulphite using a remote light activatable photochromic nanoprobe
Authors: Fu Youxin , Zhang Xing , Liu Jianping , Qian Guangren , Xu Zhi Ping , Zhang Run
Published: March 2022

We report the development of a photochromic nanoprobe that can be activated by remote light for sulphite fluorescence detection and imaging.
Cu-Chelated polydopamine nanoparticles as a photothermal medium and “immunogenic cell death” inducer for combined tumor therapy
Authors: Xu Na , Hu Ao , Pu Ximing , Wang Juan , Liao Xiaoming , Huang Zhongbing , Yin Guangfu
Published: March 2022

A Cu(ii)-Chelated polydopamine nano-system (Cu–PDA) acts as photothermal agent (PTA), Fenton-like reaction initiator and “immunogenic cell death” inducer to mediate PTT/CDT synergistical tumor therapy and antitumor immune activation.
Stiff and strong hydrogel tube with great mechanical properties and high stability in various solutions
Authors: Lv Qiong , Sun Xingyue , Ye Lina , Liang Haiyi
Published: March 2022

A novel hydrogel tube exhibiting remarkable mechanical performance and stability in various solutions is prepared by introducing a dual physically cross-linked double network (DN) hydrogel matrix.
Water-soluble thienoviologen derivatives for imaging bacteria and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Authors: Guo Mengying , Zhou Kun , Ding Rui , Zhao Xiaodan , Zhang Yueyan , Zhang Zixi , He Gang
Published: March 2022

A series of thienoviologen derivatives (nTPy-Rs) were synthesized as novel bacteria imaging and PDT agents. The antibacterial PDT effects ofnTPy-Rs were significantly enhanced and achieved the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ng mL−1level.
Platinum(ii) metallacycles as highly affinitive hosts for dendritic amino acids with tunable circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhao Jianjian , Xu Qian , Xing Pengyao , Feng Shengyu , Xu Xing-Dong , Yang Hai-Bo
Published: March 2022

A strategy to transfer chirality via host–guest interaction to shape-persistent metallacycles with potential chiroptical applications is established.
Optical spectroscopy of the Sr4Al14O25:Mn4+,Cr3+ phosphor: pressure and temperature dependences
Authors: Jara Enrique , Valiente Rafael , González Jesus , Espeso José Ignacio , Khaidukov Nicholas , Rodríguez Fernando
Published: March 2022

A model to explain the pumping and photoluminescence efficiencies of Mn4+-based phosphors is proposed from spectroscopic measurements on Sr4Al14O25:Mn4+,Cr3+.
Theoretical search of a simple characteristic for long-lived organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials with H aggregation
Authors: Gao Jing , Zhao Yuanyuan , You Xiaoxia , Geng Yun , Shan Guogang , Su Zhongmin , Gao Ying
Published: March 2022

In RTP crystals, the overlapping area between H-aggregated planar dimer exhibits strong correlation with the physical parameters characterizing the RTP performance.
Specific interactions of peripheral membrane proteins with lipids: what can molecular simulations show us?
Authors: Larsen Andreas H. , John Laura H. , Sansom Mark S.P. , Corey Robin A.
Published: March 2022

Peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs) can reversibly and specifically bind to biological membranes to carry out functions such as cell signalling, enzymatic activity, or membrane remodelling. Structures of these proteins and of their lipid-binding domains are typically solved in a soluble form, sometimes with a lipid or lipid headgroup at the binding site. To provide a detailed molecular view of PMP interactions with the membrane, computational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be applied. Here, we outline recent attempts to characterise these binding interactions, focusing on both intracellular proteins, such as phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)-binding domains, and extracellular proteins such as glycolipid-binding bacterial exotoxins. We compare methods used to identify and analyse lipid-binding sites from simulation data and highlight recent work characterising the energetics of these interactions using free energy calculations. We describe how improvements in methodologies and computing power will help MD simulations to continue to contribute to this field in the future.
Distributed fusion cross‐chain model and architecture
Authors: Yang Guozheng , Zang Cheng , Chen Jiajun , Guo Dongsheng , Zhang Jingzhi
Published: March 2022

Cross‐chain is the key technology to achieve interconnectivity and interoperability across various blockchain networks. It surpasses traditional single‐chain architecture in terms of the performance, capacity, privacy, economic and technical scalability. Cross‐chain can break barriers between institutions, industries, and regions. This paper integrates existing blockchain interoperability technologies and proposes a distributed fusion cross‐chain model in financial industry. In order to support large scale computing and high availability requirements in financial industry, the model is built on a decentralized architecture and highly scalable. It supports large‐scale isomorphic or heterogeneous blockchain cross‐chain data and state interaction. And it achieves reliable financial value circulation in various underlying blockchain networks.
Performance enhancement of grid‐connected photovoltaic systems using Ant Lion optimisation and Genetic Algorithm‐based optimisation techniques
Authors: Negi Pankaj , Pal Yash , G Leena
Published: March 2022

One of the most common issues in renewable energy applications is modelling and regulating grid‐connected PV systems. The model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique has been analysed in this paper. It's difficult to develop an MRAC that performs well in both transient and steady‐state conditions; hence, the primary goal of this paper is to create a modified MRAC that has excellent steady‐state and transient responses. A modified MRAC scheme has been proposed, where an Ant lion optimisation technique and a well‐known algorithm that is Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimise the controller gain and compared it with each other and also with the conventional MRAC technique. The optimisation techniques are used to tune the controller parameters so that errors should be minimised. The time response analysis of MRAC, MRAC‐GA, and MRAC‐ALO controllers are shown and evaluated using common control criteria such as rising time, settling time, peak overshoot, steady‐state, and error parameters. The simulation findings reveal that the proposed modified MRAC controller, both MRAC‐ALO and MRAC‐GA, outperforms in relation to transient performance and steady‐state performance compared to conventional MRAC controllers.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Husemann B. , Singha M. , Scharwächter J. , McElroy R. , Neumann J. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Urrutia T. , Baum S. A. , Bennert V. N. , Combes F. , Croom S. M. , Davis T. A. , Fournier Y. , Galkin A. , Gaspari M. , Enke H. , Krumpe M. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. , Rose T. , Tremblay G. R. , Walcher C. J.
Published: March 2022

Context.Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to be intimately connected with their host galaxies through feeding and feedback processes. A strong coupling is predicted and supported by cosmological simulations of galaxy formation, but the details of the physical mechanisms are still observationally unconstrained.

Aims.Galaxies are complex systems of stars and a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). A spatially resolved multiwavelength survey is required to map the interaction of AGN with their host galaxies on different spatial scales and different phases of the ISM. The goal of the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) is to obtain the necessary spatially resolved multiwavelength observations for an unbiased sample of local unobscured luminous AGN.

Methods.We present the overall CARS survey design and the associated wide-field optical integral-field unit (IFU) spectroscopy for all 41 CARS targets atz < 0.06 randomly selected from the Hamburg/ESO survey of luminous unobscured AGN. This data set provides the backbone of the CARS survey and allows us to characterize host galaxy morphologies, AGN parameters, precise systemic redshifts, and ionized gas distributions including excitation conditions, kinematics, and metallicities in unprecedented detail.

Results.We focus our study on the size of the extended narrow-line region (ENLR) which has been traditionally connected to AGN luminosity. Given the large scatter in the ENLR size–luminosity relation, we performed a large parameter search to identify potentially more fundamental relations. Remarkably, we identified the strongest correlation between the maximum projected ENLR size and the black hole mass, consistent with anRENLR,max∼MBH0.5relationship. We interpret the maximum ENLR size as a timescale indicator of a single black hole (BH) radiative-efficient accretion episode for which we inferred 〈log(tAGN/[yr])〉 = (0.45 ± 0.08)log(MBH/[M⊙]) + 1.78−0.67+0.54using forward modeling. The extrapolation of our inferred relation toward higher BH masses is consistent with an independent lifetime estimate from the He IIproximity zones around luminous AGN atz ∼ 3.

Conclusions.While our proposed link between the BH mass and AGN lifetime might be a secondary correlation itself or impacted by unknown biases, it has a few relevant implications if confirmed. For example, the famous AGN Eigenvector 1 parameter space may be partially explained by the range in AGN lifetimes. Also, the lack of observational evidence for negative AGN feedback on star formation can be explained by such timescale effects. Further observational tests are required to confirm or rule out our BH mass dependent AGN lifetime hypothesis.
Dynamo effect caused by non-stationary turbulence in strongly magnetized, hot, low-density plasma
Authors: Mizerski K. A.
Published: March 2022

Context.The large-scale hydromagnetic dynamo mechanism is often assumed to rely on the existence of a resistive phase shift between the kinetic and magnetic components of waves. It is not clear how this mechanism could effectively operate in hot, low-density plasma, where the electrical resistivity is extremely low.

Aims.We show that non-stationarity, a common factor in plasma turbulence (e.g., in the interstellar medium caused by random supernova explosions), allows inducing a strong large-scale electromotive force (EMF) by the plasma flow and significantly enhances the dynamo effect.

Methods.We adopted the simplest approximation in which plasma evolution is modelled with a set of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with a random, Gaussian, and non-stationary forcing to explicitly demonstrate the role of non-stationarity in the large-scale dynamo process. The EMF was calculated analytically in the limit of large magnetic Prandtl numbers (low magnetic diffusion in comparison with plasma viscosity) and strong magnetic fields for the non-stationary turbulence and the standard diffusive mechanism.

Results.We show that the EMF induced by the effects of non-stationarity can typically be expected to dominate the dynamo mechanism (over the diffusive phase shift generation) by several orders of magnitude. This is confirmed by the explicit calculation in two example cases for the interstellar medium in the Milky Way galaxy and hot accretion disks such as those of active galactic nuclei.
The NO-cGMP-K+ Channel Pathway Participates in Diuretic and Cardioprotective Effects of Blutaparon portulacoides in Spontaneously Hypertensive
Rats
Authors: Terço Leite Patrícia Regina , Lorençone Bethânia Rosa , Moreno Karyne Garcia Tafarelo , Lopes Katiana Simões , Marques Aline Aparecida Macedo , Fortini Clara Soligo , Palozi Rhanany Alan Calloi , Dalmagro Mariana , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite , dos Santos Ariany Carvalho , Salvador Marcos José , Gasparotto Junior Arquimedes
Published: March 2022

Blutaparon portulacoides is a Brazilian plant species that is widely used in folk medicine. The present study investigated the role of an aqueous extract of B. portulacoides
against hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was obtained from the whole plant. Its chemical profile was analyzed by
ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was evaluated in female Wistar rats. Male 6-month-old
spontaneously hypertensive rats then received the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 28 days. On
days 1, 14, and 28, the diuretic effects of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides were evaluated. The role of prostaglandins and the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine
monophosphate-potassium channel pathway in the diuretic activity of the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides was also investigated. At the end of the treatment, hepatic and renal
biochemical markers, serum nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, nitrite, and aldosterone levels, and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity were measured. The electrocardiographic profile, blood
pressure, and renal vascular reactivity were also assessed. The heart, kidneys, and liver were collected to determine relative organ weight, histopathology, and cardiac morphometry. Caffeic
acid, ferulic acid, and several flavonoids were identified in the aqueous extract of B. portulacoides. No signs of toxicity were observed. Prolonged treatment with the aqueous extract
of B. portulacoides (300 mg/kg) induced significant diuretic activity by activating the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway. These effects reduced
blood pressure and oxidative stress and prevented renal vascular dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy that was induced by hypertension. Overall, the present data suggest that the
aqueous extract of B. portulacoides has important diuretic and cardioprotective effects by activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-potassium channel pathway.
The Association of Achilles Sonoelastography Findings with Disease
Activity, Functional Status and Enthesitis Index in Patients with Axial
Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Beyazal Mehmet , Beyazal Münevver Serdaroğlu , Çeliker Fatma Beyazal , Devrimsel Gul , Yıldırım Murat
Published: March 2022

Background Sonoelastography (SE) is a new ultrasound (US)-based technique
able to assess tissue elasticity. Using conventional US, it is sometimes
difficult or even impossible to distinguish pathologic tissue because it often
presents with the same echogenicity as the surrounding healthy tissue. This
study aimed to evaluate SE findings in Achilles tendons of patients with axial
spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to assess how these findings are associated with
disease-related parameters.

Material and Methods Sixty-four consecutive patients (37 men, 27 women;
mean age 39.7 years; range 20–65 years) with axSpA and 30 sex and
age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was
evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI),
whereas functional capacity was evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis
Functional Index (BASFI). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive
protein (CRP) and the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC)
enthesitis index were recorded. All participants underwent an SE examination of
the Achilles tendon and measurement of the strain index (SI).

Results The mean right and left SI were significantly higher in axSpA
patients than in controls (2.96±0.94 vs. 1.90±0.45;
p<0.001; 2.95±0.95 vs. 1.92±0.48, p<0.001,
respectively). In axSpA patients, both right and left SI were significantly
correlated with the BASDAI, BASFI and SPARCC enthesitis indices, but not with
ESR or CRP.

Conclusion AxSpA patients had an increased SI compared with healthy
subjects and these values were associated with disease activity, functional
capacity and the enthesitis index. SE may be a useful tool for the evaluation of
Achilles tendons in patients with axSpA.
Untersuchungen zur Funktionskapazität von Rumpfmuskeln an
gesunden Probanden unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen
Authors: Anders Christoph , Hübner Agnes , Faenger Bernd
Published: March 2022

Die Studie legt Normdaten für funktionsbezogene Kraft- und
Aktivierungswerte während Flexion und Extension des Oberkörpers
an gesunden Vergleichspersonen beiderlei Geschlechts in unterschiedlichen
Altersgruppen vor. Dafür wurden jeweils 25 weibliche und
männliche Personen in den Altersgruppen 20–40 Jahre (Junge),
sowie 50–70 Jahre (Ältere) untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden
in aufrechter Körperhaltung mit 100% des
Oberkörpergewichts (90° Kippung), sowie während
isometrischer Maximalkraftversuche, jeweils in Flexions- und Extensionsrichtung
durchgeführt. Als funktionsbezogener Kraftwert wurde das
Verhältnis zwischen den Werten während der Maximalkraftversuche
und 100% Oberkörpergewichts- Halteübung als
Oberkörper-Kraftverhältnis (OKKV), bzw. für das
Oberflächen-EMG von Rumpfmuskeln als Muskel
Aktivierungsverhältnis (MAV) bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde das Extensions-
zu Flexionsverhältnis der maximalen Kraftwerte bestimmt (Ex-Flex-Ratio).
Generell waren die funktionellen Kraftwerte der Männer (OKKV Extension,
Junge: 2,37±0,36; Ältere: 2,12±0,55, OKKV Flexion,
Junge: 1,95±0,36; Ältere: 1,94±0,46) signifikant
höher als die der Frauen (OKKV Extension, Junge: 1,98±0,32;
Ältere: 1,60±0,38, OKKV Flexion, Junge: 1,52±0,27;
Ältere: 1,59±0,33). Im Altersvergleich konnten für beide
Geschlechter nur für die ältere Gruppe und hier nur für
die Extensions-OKKV signifikant niedrigere Werte nachgewiesen werden
(p<0,01). Infolge dessen fiel die Ex-Flex-Ratio für die
älteren Probanden ab, wies aber nur für die untersuchten Frauen
signifikante Altersunterschiede auf (Männer, Junge: 1,24±0,02,
Ältere: 1,12±0,28; Frauen, Junge: 1,33±0,26,
Ältere: 1,03±0,27, p<0,01). Die MAV-Werte können
seriös nur für die untersuchten Rückenmuskeln
interpretiert werden. Die Werte waren hier erneut in der älteren Gruppe
signifikant niedriger als in der jungen Gruppe. Geschlechtsunterschiede waren
nur für den M. longissimus (w<m p<0,01, beide
Altersgruppen), nicht aber für den M. multifidus nachweisbar. Im
Wertevergleich zwischen OKKV und MAV konnten altersgruppenspezifische
Unterschiede mit OKKVMAV
für die älteren Probanden identifiziert werden. Anhand der
vorgestellten Daten konnte ein funktioneller Kraftverlust der
Rückenmuskulatur mit zunehmendem Alter bei gesunden Probanden
nachgewiesen werden, nicht jedoch für die Bauchmuskulatur. Die ebenfalls
ermittelten Oberflächen-EMG-Kennwerte geben Hinweise auf eine
veränderte Faserzusammensetzung der Rückenmuskulatur für
ältere Personen.
Synthesis of New Fused 4H-Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole Derivatives via Decomposition of Methyl 4-Azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Samsonenko Anna L. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Vlasov Igor S.
Published: March 2022

This article is focused on the development of practical approaches to the synthesis of 4-azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates and 4-amino-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates using the Fiesselmann reaction. The photochemical and thermal (including microwave-assisted) decomposition of 4-azido-5-arylthiophene-2-carboxylates have been studied in order to synthesize fused 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives. The proposed approaches allow to obtain functionally substituted heteroacenes, which are of interest as building blocks for organic semiconductors.
Detection of Barrett’s neoplasia with a near-infrared fluorescent heterodimeric peptide
Authors: Chen Jing , Jiang Yang , Chang Tse-Shao , Rubenstein Joel H. , Kwon Richard S. , Wamsteker Erik J. , Prabhu Anoop , Zhao Lili , Appelman Henry D. , Owens Scott R. , Beer David G. , Turgeon D. Kim , Seibel Eric J. , Wang Thomas D.
Published: March 2022

Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis that is rising rapidly in incidence. We aimed to demonstrate specific binding by a peptide heterodimer to Barrett’s neoplasia in human subjects.

Methods Peptide monomers specific for EGFR and ErbB2 were arranged in a heterodimer configuration and labeled with IRDye800. This near-infrared (NIR) contrast agent was topically administered to patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) undergoing either endoscopic therapy or surveillance. Fluorescence images were collected using a flexible fiber accessory passed through the instrument channel of an upper gastrointestinal endoscope. Fluorescence images were collected from 31 BE patients. A deep learning model was used to segment the target (T) and background (B) regions.

Results The mean target-to-background (T/B) ratio was significantly greater for high grade dysplasia (HGD) and EAC versus BE, low grade dysplasia (LGD), and squamous epithelium. At a T/B ratio of 1.5, sensitivity and specificity of 94.1 % and 92.6 %, respectively, were achieved for the detection of Barrett’s neoplasia with an area under the curve of 0.95. No adverse events attributed to the heterodimer were found. EGFR and ErbB2 expression were validated in the resected specimens.

Conclusions This “first-in-human” clinical study demonstrates the feasibility of detection of early Barrett’s neoplasia using a NIR-labeled peptide heterodimer.
Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component 1,4-Carboarylation of 1,3-Enynes with Malonic Esters and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Li Yajun , Bao Jingjing , Wei Rongbiao , Bao Hongli
Published: March 2022

Ionic 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes has often been conducted with strong nucleophiles or 1,3-enynes that are activated by an electron-withdrawing group. In this work, a palladium-catalyzed three-component ionic 1,4-carboarylation of 1,3-enynes is reported with arylated 1,3-enynes as the substrates. This method can afford various tetrasubstituted allenes with different functionalities. The palladium salt might play a key dual role in the reaction: as the catalyst to catalyze the cross-coupling reaction and as a Lewis acid to facilitate the nucleophilic attack. The synthetic value of this method is demonstrated by the further cyclization, decoration, and hydrolysis of the allene products.
Synthesis of the Icetexane Diterpenoids (±)-Rosmaridiphenol, (±)-Pisiferin, and (±)-Barbatusol from Abietane
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Le Thuy Quynh , Lee JuHui
Published: March 2022

We report the rearrangement of abietane core with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride in pyridine to afford the icetexane core, a key intermediate for total syntheses of the structurally intriguing and biologically active compounds (±)-barbatusol, (±)-rosmaridiphenol, and (±)-pisiferin.
Does winning a CSR Award increase firm value?
Authors: Benjamin Samuel Jebaraj , Biswas Pallab Kumar
Published: March 2022

This study explores the effect of winning a corporate social responsibility (CSR) Award on firm value. Drawing on the stakeholder value maximization view of stakeholder theory, we analyze a sample of 14,039 US firm-years between 2002 and 2018 and find that winning a CSR Award is value enhancing. We further offer evidence that demonstrates how the CSR dimensions of environmental, social and governance criteria influence the CSR Award–firm value nexus. Our results are supported by a series of robustness tests. As CSR Awards are typically awarded to firms that excel in CSR, our findings are expected to encourage managers to pursue CSR more rigorously so as to attain high firm value.
Electron temperature a key element for interpreting high-speed plasma imaging
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: March 2022

Model incorporating plasma density and electron temperature fluctuations more accurately describes light fluctuations in images of plasma
Research on methods for extracting aging characteristics and health status of lithium-ion batteries based on small samples
Authors: Zhou Yongqin , Chang Yujia , Wang Yongchao , Li Ran
Published: March 2022

The number of aging samples is small with regard to the small sample characteristics of lithium-ion battery aging data, and the extraction of effective aging features is difficult to perform, which reduces the generalization of the battery aging behavior model as well as the accuracy of battery state of health (SOH) estimation. According to the incremental capacity analysis, a gray relational analysis (GRA) method based on PCA (principal component analysis) was proposed in this study, which was combined with AdaBoost-SVR (support vector regression) to achieve accurate SOH measurement under small sample conditions. Accordingly, the combination of GRA and PCA was able to fully mine the aging characteristic information from limited battery aging samples while improving the generalization ability of the battery aging behavior model. Moreover, based on AdaBoost-SVR, it was able to perform adaptive weighted sampling on small data samples, and through multiple iterations of the SVR training model, the full use of small sample information was realized, ensuring the accuracy of SOH estimation. Finally, by employing multiple sets of battery aging training sets and test sets for experimental verification, the joint algorithm based on GRA-PCA and AdaBoost-SVR was proven to achieve the accurate extraction of battery aging characteristics and precise tracking of capacity decline.
Deep learning enhanced dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Alford-Lago D. J. , Curtis C. W. , Ihler A. T. , Issan O.
Published: March 2022

Koopman operator theory shows how nonlinear dynamical systems can be represented as an infinite-dimensional, linear operator acting on a Hilbert space of observables of the system. However, determining the relevant modes and eigenvalues of this infinite-dimensional operator can be difficult. The extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is one such method for generating approximations to Koopman spectra and modes, but the EDMD method faces its own set of challenges due to the need of user defined observables. To address this issue, we explore the use of autoencoder networks to simultaneously find optimal families of observables, which also generate both accurate embeddings of the flow into a space of observables and submersions of the observables back into flow coordinates. This network results in a global transformation of the flow and affords future state prediction via the EDMD and the decoder network. We call this method the deep learning dynamic mode decomposition (DLDMD). The method is tested on canonical nonlinear data sets and is shown to produce results that outperform a standard DMD approach and enable data-driven prediction where the standard DMD fails.
Investigation of wurtzite formation in MOVPE-grown zincblende GaN epilayers on AlxGa1−xN nucleation layers
Authors: Gundimeda Abhiram , Frentrup Martin , Fairclough Simon M. , Kappers Menno J. , Wallis David J. , Oliver Rachel A.
Published: March 2022

The influence of AlGaN nucleation layers on zincblende GaN epilayers was studied to investigate the formation of wurtzite phase inclusions in the epilayer. GaN epilayers grown on AlGaN nucleation layers with varying aluminum contents suffer from the increasing presence of wurtzite inclusions as the aluminum content of the nucleation layer increases. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy along with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the origin of the wurtzite inclusions in the nucleation layer and at the GaN/AlGaN interface. It was observed that a GaN nucleation layer and an Al0.95Ga0.05N nucleation layer grew in the zincblende and wurtzite phase, respectively. These phases were then adopted by the overgrown GaN epilayers. For a GaN epilayer on an Al0.29Ga0.71N nucleation layer, wurtzite inclusions tend to form at the GaN/ Al0.29Ga0.71N interface due to strong {111}-type faceting observed in the zincblende nucleation layer. This strong faceting is correlated with an enrichment of aluminum in the upper part of the nucleation layer, as observed in energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, which may influence the kinetics or thermodynamics controlling the surface morphology.
Time evolution of atomic nitrogen density in pure-nitrogen-pulsed barrier discharge at sub-atmospheric pressure
Authors: Nakagawa Yusuke , Yoshii Tatsuki , Tochikubo Fumiyoshi
Published: March 2022

Ground state atomic nitrogen N(2p34S) was analyzed using two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) in sub-atmospheric pressure nitrogen pulsed barrier discharge under needle-to-hemisphere electrode configuration. By reducing the pressure from 90 to 30 kPa, the discharge form transitioned from multiple filaments to a single column, improving the reacting region uniformity. The TALIF measurement revealed that the amount of atomic nitrogen near the needle anode increased over tens of microseconds after the discharge, and this N-production during afterglow was enhanced by reducing the pressure. Reducing the pressure from 90 to 30 kPa extended the half-life period of atomic nitrogen near the anode by 350 μs, while maintaining the peak amount of atomic nitrogen. The lifetime extension with the same amount of atomic nitrogen helped improving the chemical activity near the anode. The origin of the N-production during afterglow was not identified as a single factor, but its time constant indicated the contribution of N(2P) quenched by the ground state atomic nitrogen, along with the quenching of N(2D), which was previously considered as a major source of afterglow production of the ground state atomic nitrogen. Under 30 kPa, higher discharge energy resulted in faster and larger amount of atomic nitrogen production during afterglow, which indicates the involvement of highly excited particles including metastable atomic nitrogen. In contrast, the decay rate of atomic nitrogen did not depend on the discharge energy. This suggests that the increasing discharge energy broadens the N-productive region while maintaining the local N density.
Accelerating double pulse all-optical write/erase cycles in metallic ferrimagnets
Authors: Steinbach Felix , Stetzuhn Nele , Engel Dieter , Atxitia Unai , von Korff Schmising Clemens , Eisebitt Stefan
Published: March 2022

All-optical switching of magnetic order presents a promising route toward faster and more energy efficient data storage. However, a realization in future devices is ultimately dependent on the maximum repetition rates of optically induced write/erase cycles. Here, we present two strategies to minimize the temporal separation of two consecutive femtosecond laser pulses to toggle the out-of-plane direction of the magnetization of ferrimagnetic rare-earth transition metal alloys. First, by systematically changing the heat transfer rates using either amorphous glass, crystalline silicon, or polycrystalline diamond substrates, we show that efficient cooling rates of the magnetic system present a prerequisite to accelerate the sequence of double pulse toggle switching. Second, we demonstrate that replacing the transition metal iron by cobalt leads to a significantly faster recovery of the magnetization after optical excitation allowing us to approach terahertz frequency of write/erase cycles with a minimum pulse-to-pulse separation of 7 ps.
Propulsive performance of plunging airfoils in biplane configuration
Authors: Yucel S. B. , Sahin M. , Unal M. F.
Published: March 2022

Biplane configuration of pure plunging airfoils is investigated in terms of vortex dynamics both experimentally and numerically by utilizing particle image velocimetry and unstructured finite volume solver of incompressible unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. Experiments are carried out to disclose the vortex shedding and interaction mechanisms for various values of frequency and amplitude of the plunging motion. For the non-dimensional plunge amplitude with respect to the chord of airfoil h = 0.2, the effect of the reduced circular frequency based on chord length and the free stream velocity k = 1 and 10 are considered, whereas for h = 0.3, k = 2, 4, 8, and 10 cases are examined. Influence of the plunge amplitude is studied for h = 0.25 at k = 2.5 and for h = 0.0875, 0.15, and 0.3 at k = 4. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of phase difference on vortex structures and propulsive characteristics, such as thrust and Froude efficiency. Two cases having the highest thrust and efficiency values k = 2.5, h = 0.25, and k = 4, h = 0.15 value couples are selected for the phase angle of ϕ=0°, ϕ=90°, ϕ=180°, and ϕ=270°. Opposed plunge, ϕ=180°, was found as the most efficient amongst all phase angles that were investigated, where ϕ=90° is beneficial in lift production. Additionally, three-dimensional simulations indicate no significant three dimensionalities for the parameters used herein.
Simultaneous measurement of the exchange parameter and saturation magnetization using propagating spin waves
Authors: Riley Grant A. , Shaw Justin M. , Silva Thomas J. , Nembach Hans T.
Published: March 2022

The exchange interaction in ferromagnetic ultra thin films is a critical parameter in magnetization-based storage and logic devices, yet the accurate measurement of it remains a challenge. While a variety of approaches are currently used to determine the exchange parameter, each has its limitations, and good agreement among them has not been achieved. To date, neutron scattering, magnetometry, Brillouin light scattering, spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Kerr microscopy have all been used to determine the exchange parameter. Here, we present a method that exploits the wavevector selectivity of Brillouin light scattering to measure the spin wave dispersion in both the backward volume and Damon–Eshbach orientations. The exchange, saturation magnetization, and magnetic thickness are then determined by a simultaneous fit of both dispersion branches with general spin wave theory without any prior knowledge of the thickness of a magnetic “dead layer.” In this work, we demonstrate the strength of this technique for ultrathin metallic films, typical of those commonly used in industrial applications for magnetic random-access memory.
Parametric study of small-scale rotors in axial descent
Authors: Veismann Marcel , Yos Daniel , Gharib Morteza
Published: March 2022

Despite extensive research in multirotor aerodynamics in the recent past, axial descent, specifically the vortex ring state, still poses great challenges for multirotor configurations as this flight stage is typically accompanied by severe losses in rotor thrust and strong thrust fluctuations. This paper presents a parametric study to investigate the influence of relevant geometric parameters of a small-scale rotor blade on the rotor performance in axial descent. Design variables subject to variation were the collective pitch, chord length, taper ratio, number of blades, as well as the tip geometry. Custom rotors for each parameter modification were manufactured and experimentally evaluated in wind tunnel tests with mean thrust recordings and measurements of the thrust fluctuations serving as performance metrics. Results indicated that rotor blades with larger aspect ratio and higher blade loading coefficient are less affected by the adverse aerodynamics in the vortex ring state, experiencing lower thrust losses and vibrational loads. Particle image velocimetry flow visualization confirmed that the aerodynamic losses in the vortex ring state can be attributed to blade vortex interactions. Comparison of the rotor flow structure in hover of all investigated rotor designs suggested that improvements in the descent performance of a rotor stem from a combination of reduced tip vortex strength and increased axial tip vortex convection rate. Using the experimental findings of this study, a predictive model for approximating the maximum extent of mean thrust losses in axial descent for a given blade geometry and hover thrust coefficient could be established.
Quantum color image encryption based on a novel 3D chaotic system
Authors: Hu Wanbin , Dong Yumin
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the security of quantum color images, this study proposes a novel algorithm for quantum color image encryption based on three-dimensional chaotic systems. The encrypted quantum color image is represented by the novel quantum image representation for color digital image model. The original image is first perturbed by the Arnold transform and then the RGB channel is perturbed separately from the chaotic sequence generated by the new three-dimensional chaotic system by the xor operation. Evaluation metrics such as histogram, information entropy, and correlation of neighboring pixels of the image are analyzed using MATLAB. The simulation results show that the pixel values of the encrypted image are uniformly distributed and the algorithm enhances the security of quantum color images. The specific quantum circuit diagram of the encryption algorithm is given in the paper. The superposition and entanglement properties of quantum physics greatly improve the efficiency of complex image processing algorithms, and the overall complexity of the circuit is O(n), which is efficient and implementable.
Early warning of noise-induced catastrophic high-amplitude oscillations in an airfoil model
Authors: Ma Jinzhong , Liu Qi , Xu Yong , Kurths Jürgen
Published: March 2022

Noise-induced tipping from a low-amplitude oscillation state to a high-amplitude one is widespread in airfoil systems. Its occurrence may cause fatigue damage to the wing structure of an aircraft, which directly threatens its flight safety. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to predict the occurrence of noise-induced high-amplitude oscillations as the system parameters vary in airfoil systems. Taking a two-degrees-of-freedom airfoil model with random loadings as a prototype class of real systems, the prediction of noise-induced tipping from low-amplitude to high-amplitude oscillations is carried out in the present study. First, we analyze the effects of random fluctuations on the system response. The results show that noise-induced catastrophic high-amplitude oscillations take place before the bifurcation point of the corresponding deterministic airfoil model. Subsequently, the possibility that the low-amplitude oscillation state of the given noisy model jumps to the high-amplitude one is analyzed based on the escape probability. Then, the new concept of the high-risk region is defined. This is an efficient early warning indicator to approximately quantify the ranges of the system parameters where noise-induced high-amplitude oscillations may occur. Compared with the existing early warning indicators, this method is a non-local universal concept of stability. More importantly, it may provide theoretical guidance for aircraft designers to take some measures to avoid such catastrophic critical jump phenomena in practical engineering applications.
Modeling and simulation of the potential indoor airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus through respiratory droplets
Authors: Bhat Sourabh P. , Kumar B. V. Rathish , Kalamkar Shainath Ramesh , Kumar Vinay , Pathak Sudhir , Schneider Walter
Published: March 2022

Respiratory viruses are transported from an infected person to other neighboring people through respiratory droplets. These small droplets are easily advected by air currents in a room and can potentially infect others. In this work, the spread of droplets released during coughing, talking, and normal breathing is numerically analyzed in a typical conference room setting. The room space is occupied by ten people, with eight people sitting around a conference table and two people standing. Four different scenarios are considered, with the air-conditioning turned on/off and people wearing/not-wearing masks, to understand the spread of respiratory droplets inside the room. The flow in the room is simulated using a multiphase mixture model with properties computed for the inhaled and exhaled air using fundamental gas relations. The transport of respiratory droplets is analyzed using the discrete phase model with a range of droplet sizes fitted to data from previous experimental studies. The mask is modeled as porous media with the properties of a woven fabric computed using a newly developed model for multilayered homemade masks. The human inhalation and exhalation are modeled using analytical functions to mimic the biological flow patterns during breathing, coughing, and talking. Important observations about the air flow and dispersion of respiratory droplets in the conference room are presented based on the numerical analysis. Animations of all the results are included to provide insight into flow physics of the various dynamic conditions occurring in the room during an ongoing meeting. Although this study is conducted for a typical conference room, the newly developed models and techniques can be applied to other confined environments.
Temperature jump and Knudsen layer in rarefied molecular gas
Authors: Su Wei , Li Qi , Zhang Yonghao , Wu Lei
Published: March 2022

The temperature jump problem in rarefied molecular (diatomic and polyatomic) gases is investigated based on a one-dimensional heat conduction problem. The gas dynamics is described by a kinetic model, which is capable of recovering the general temperature and thermal relaxation processes predicted by the Wang–Chang Uhlenbeck equation. Analytical formulations for the temperature jump coefficient subject to the classical Maxwell gas–surface interaction are derived via the Chapman–Enskog expansion. Numerically, the temperature jump coefficient and the Knudsen layer function are calculated by matching the kinetic solution to the Navier–Stokes prediction in the Knudsen layer. Results show that the temperature jump highly depends on the thermal relaxation processes: the values of the temperature jump coefficient and the Knudsen layer function are determined by the relative quantity of the translational thermal conductivity to the internal thermal conductivity; and a minimum temperature jump coefficient emerges when the translational Eucken factor is 4/3 times of the internal one. Due to the exclusion of the Knudsen layer effect, the analytical estimation of the temperature jump coefficient may possess large errors. A new formulation, which is a function of the internal degree of freedom, the Eucken factors, and the accommodation coefficient, is proposed based on the numerical results.
Zero-field routing of spin waves in a multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Zhu Weijia , Qin Huajun , Flajšman Lukáš , Taniyama Tomoyasu , van Dijken Sebastiaan
Published: March 2022

We report zero-field routing of spin waves in a multiferroic heterostructure comprising a ferromagnetic Fe film and a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate with fully correlated strain-coupled domains. In the Fe film, a regular alternation of magnetic anisotropy produces a back-and-forth rotation of uniform magnetization in zero magnetic field. Spin waves propagating across this domain structure are refracted at the magnetic domain walls because of abrupt changes in the dispersion relation and phase velocity. Using super-Nyquist sampling magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we image the routing of spin waves and analyze the dependence of the effect on frequency and the propagation direction. We find that spin waves are routed efficiently by angles up to 60° without measurable loss in amplitude. The experimental results are reproduced by micromagnetic simulations and calculations based on the modified Snell's law for magnonics.