bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
العلة النحوية عند المتقدمين والمتأخرين
Authors: GUMILAR RIZKI
Published: August 2020

الملخصتُعدّ العلة سمةً من أهم السمات في الفكر النحوي. فما من قاعدة نحوية إلا وقد علّلها النحاة، فكل حكم يُعلَّل، وكل ظاهرة نحوية لا بد لها من علة. فهذا ما جعل كثيرين من غير العرب يشهدون للعقلية العربية الفذّة، وجعل آخرين يتعجبون من وضع النحو العربي على ذلك الكامل.وقد جاء هذا البحث في خمسة أجزاء: تمهيد، وثلاثة مباحث، وخلاصة. المبحث الأول يتناول عن العلة ركن من أركان القياس النحوي، وهو يتكون من ثلاثة أجزاء: مفهوم القياس النحوي، وأنواع القياس، وأركان القياس. والمبحث الثاني يتناول عن مفهوم العلة النحوية ونشأتها وأقسامها، وهو يتكون من ثلاثة أجزاء: مفهوم العلة النحوية والتعليل، ونشأة العلة النحوية وتطورها، وأقسام العلة النحوية. والمبحث الثالث يتناول عن آراء المتقدمين والمتأخرين في العلة النحوية.الكلمات المفتاحية: التعليل النحوي، العلل النحوية، النحو العربي، أصول النحو ABSTRACTThe reason is one of the most important features of Arabic Grammatical. There is no grammatical rule unless the Scholars gives a reason for it. Every rule is given a reason, and every grammatical phenomenon must have a reason. This is what makes many non-Arabs bear witness to the unique Arabic mindset, and impress others with the status of perfect Arabic grammar.This research came in five parts: a preface, three sections, and a summary. The first section deals with the reason of the grammatical measurement, which consists of three parts: the concept of grammar measurement, types of measurement, and the pillars of measurement. The second section deals with the concept of grammatical reason and its origins and types. It consists of three parts: the concept of grammatical reason and reasoning, the emergence and development of grammatical reason, and the types of grammatical reason. The third section deals with the views of classical and contemporary scholars in the grammatical reason.Keywords: grammatical reasoning, grammatical reasoning, Arabic grammar, the origins of grammar.
المصطلحات البلاغية بين القديم والحديث
Authors: Malla Agussalim Beddu
Published: August 2020

إن المحدثين من النقاد العرب، قد نظروا إلى البلاغة العربية، باعتبار علومها (المعاني والبيان والبديع)، وحدة واحدة، وأطلقوا عليها اسم علم البيان وكذلك فعل بعض القدامي. ثم إن بعض المحدثين من النقاد العرب، قد نظروا نظرة موحدة إلى المصطلحات البلاغية، وجعلوها تحت اسم الحقيقة والمجاز، وعندما يعرضون إليها يثبتون أثرها الجمالي، ومعناها الذوقي، مغفلين إجراء مصطلحها الفلسفي. وبعد ذلك يربطون هذه النظرة الموحدة إلى المصطلحات بالقيمة، والناحية المعنوية، وهذا يلزمهم أن ينظروا إلى النواحي النفسية والاجتماعية والحضارية.  هذه اللفتات في النفس والحياة والكون والحضارة والإنسان جعلت بعض النقاد المحدثين يشترطون مقدمة لدراسة البلاغة العربية وهي مؤلفة من علم النفس والاجتماع، ومواقف من الحياة الحضارية الإنسانية في الوقت الذي كان فيه القدماء يشترطون مقدمة للبلاغة في الفصاحة والبلاغة.
تعليم اللغة العربية عن بعد وتطوره في جامعة حسن الدين مكاسر
Authors: H. Abd. Safa Najmuddin , Sanusi. B. Yusring
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang perkembangan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Universitas Hasanuddin.  Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang ditampilkan dari dokumen laporan program studi bahasa dan dokumen Universitas Hasanuddin yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program studi bahasa Arab Universitas Hasanuddin selalu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi pembelajaran dalam jaringan dan teknologi pembelajaran jarak jauh. Mode kedua jenis pendekatan pembelajaran ini berbeda. Mode pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam jaringan memiliki ciri yaitu materi pembelajaran dan penugasan disiapkan pada media learning management system (LMS atau Sikola) dan tatap muka dilakukan dalam kelas. Sedangkan mode pembelajaran jarak jauh materi pembelajaran dan penugasan disiapkan pada media learning management system (LMS atau Sikola) tetapi tetap muka dilaksanakan terkadang dalam kelas dan lebih banyak dilakukan dalam jaringan melalui video konferensi. Selain itu, perkembangan media teknologi pembelajaran senantiasa diikuti oleh sivitas akademika program studi bahasa Arab Universitas Hasanuddin, misalnya perubahan platform LMS menjadi Sikola. Kesiapan menghadapi perubahan teknologi pembelajaran selalu diperhatikan program studi bahasa Arab Universitas Hasanuddin.
تحليل الأخطاء الإملائية في الهمزة لدى طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية بجامعة الملك سعود
Authors: Abdoulaye Abdelaziz Haroun
Published: August 2020

الملخص    استهدف هذا البحث على معرفة الأخطاء الإملائية في الهمزة لدى طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية بجامعة الملك سعود، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (23) طالباً ممثلة في ثلاثة مستويات: (المبتدئ والمتوسط والمتقدم)، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج البحث الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدم الاختبار أداة لجمع المعلومات من عينة الدراسة، وتم التحقق من صدق الأداة وثباتها من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين ذوي الاختصاص في المجال، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المستويات الثلاثة، حيث بلغت  نسبة  أخطاء طلاب المستوى المبتدئ في كتابة الهمزة في أول الكلمة (37%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة في وسط الكلمة وصلت إلى (55%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة في آخرة الكلمة (08%). وأما نسبة أخطاء طلاب المستوى المتوسط في كتابة الهمزة المتطرفة فقد بلغت (25.4%)، وبلغت نسبة أخطائهم في كتابة الهمزة في وسط الكلمة (57.3%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة المتطرفة وصلت إلى (17.3%). وبالنسبة لطلاب المستوى المتقدم، فقد بلغت نسبة أخطائهم في كتابة الهمزة في أول الكلمة (33.3%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابتها في وسط الكلمة (60%)، والأخطاء المتعلقة بكتابة الهمزة في آخر الكلمة قد بلغت نسبتها (06.7%)، ونتيجة لذلك فقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات في ضوء ما أظهرت عنه من نتائج.الكلمات المفتاحية: تحليل الأخطاء ـــ الأخطاء الإملائية ـــ طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية.                    Abstract:   This study aimed to know the spelling errors in Hamza among students of the Institute of Arabic Linguistics at King Saud University. The sample of the study consisted of (23) students represented in three levels: (beginner, intermediate and advanced) .The study relied on the descriptive analytical research methodology.  To collect information from the study sample, the validity and reliability of the tool was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators with competence in the field. The results of the study indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the three levels.  (37%), and  The percentage of errors in writing Hamza in the middle of the word reached (55%), and the percentage of errors in writing Hamza in the back of the word (08%).  As for the percentage of mistakes of middle level students in the writing of extreme Hamza (25.4%), and the percentage of mistakes in writing Hamza in the center of the word (57.3%), and the percentage of errors in the writing of extreme Hamza reached (17.3%).  As for the advanced level students, the percentage  of their mistakes in writing the Hamza at the beginning of the word (33.3%), and the percentage of errors in writing in the middle of the word (60%), and errors related to the writing of the Hamza at the end of the word (06.7%), as a result  The study concluded with a set of recommendations in the light of the results shown. Keywords: error analysis - spelling errors - students of the Institute of Arabic Linguistic
Pembelajaran Maharah Kalam pada Program Kursus Bahasa Arab Pondok Pesantren Darul Lughah wad Dirasatil Islamiyah
Authors: Aziz Mahbub Humaidi
Published: August 2020

Penilitian tentang pembelajaran maharah kalam pada program kursus bahasa Arab spesial Ramadhan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Lughah Wad Dirasatil Islamiyah (PP. DLWI) Pamekasan Madura ini menarik untuk dikaji, karena program ini dapat menjadikan pesertanya mampu berbicara bahasa Arab dalam 21 hari sesuai tingkatan masing-masing, yaitu mubtadi’, mutawassith, dan mutaqaddim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) proses pembelajaran maharah kalam dari segi materi, metode, media dan evaluasi, (2) efektivitas, dan (3) efisiensi pembelajaran maharah kalam pada program kursus bahasa Arab spesial Ramadhan di PP DLWI Pamekasan Madura. Jenis penelitian kualitatif yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observari, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif, sedangkan data kuantitatif menggunakan statistik sederhana yang terdiri atas: tahap persiapan, tabulasi dan pengolahan data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) proses pembelajaran maharah kalam terdiri atas: a) materi pada tingkat mubtadi’ tentang aktifitas sehari-hari, tingkat mutawassith mempelajari tentang aktifitas di hari libur dan kegiatan di bulan Ramadhan, dan pada tingkat mutaqaddim mempelajari tentang aktifitas ekonomi, kebahasaan, politik, dan olah raga, b) metode pembelajaran pada tingkat mubtadi’, mutawassith dan mutaqaddim menggunakan metode langsung, c) media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah papan tulis, gambar, lukisan, foto, VCD, LCD dan proyektor, sedangkan d) evaluasi pembelajarannya berbentuk tes lisan dan tertulis di akhir pembelajaran, (2) efektivitas pembelajaran maharah kalam pada program ini adalah: tingkat mubtadi’ sebesar  87,33% (sangat efektif), tingkat mutawassith sebesar 95,6% (sangat efektif), dan tingkat mutaqaddim sebesar 98% (sangat efektif). 3. Efisiensi pembelajaran maharah kalam pada program ini adalah: tingkat mubtadi’ sebesar 88,25% (sangat efisien), tingkat mutawassith sebesar 90,88% (sangat efisien), dan tingkat mutaqaddim sebesar 94,05% (sangat efisien).
EFEK EVAPORASI DAN SUHU PENGERINGAN SPRAYDRYING TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA WHEY BUBUK
Authors: Huda Syamsul
Published: August 2020

Whey merupakan produk samping (limbah) dari pembuatan keju dengan koagulan rennet. Persentase whey yang dihasilkan tergolong tinggi (±93,2%) daripada keju yang diperoleh. Whey masih memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi yaitu whey protein dan laktosa sehingga perlu dimanfaatkan menjadi whey bubuk. Spray drying adalah metode pengeringan yang banyak dipakai di industri pangan karena memiliki kecepatan pengeringan yang tinggi. Proses evaporasi dapat mengurangi beban pengeringan pada spray drying. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakteristik fisik dan kimia whey bubuk yang dihasilkan melalui metode spray drying pada suhu pengeringan yang berbeda yaitu suhu 160, 165 ,170 ,175, dan 180oC dan adanya perlakuan pra-pengeringan yaitu evaporasi dan non-evaporasi pada whey. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan 2 kali ulangan. Parameter pengamatan meliputi kadar air, laju dan tingkat higroskopisitas, nilai kecerahan, dan rendemen, serta pengamatan penunjang yaitu kandungan protein dan laktosa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan evaporasi dan tanpa evaporasi pada suhu pengeringan 160-180oC tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada kadar air, laju higroskopistas, tingkat higroskopisitas, dan warna. Rendemen pada perlakuan evaporasi memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata karena terjadi fenomena lengket pada dinding tabung pengering akibat kandungan laktosa yang tinggi. Peningkatan suhu hanya memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada kadar air sampel whey bubuk tanpa evaporasi sedangkan parameter lainnya tidak berbeda nyata. Whey bubuk yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan protein 10,85% dan laktosa 74,20%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa proses evaporasi perlu dilakukan pada suhu 160-180oC karena tidak banyak mengubah parameter seperti yang disebutkan sehingga beban pengeringan yang tinggi pada proses spray drying bisa berkurang.
Rural Legal Deserts Are a Critical Health Determinant
Authors: Statz Michele , Termuhlen Paula
Published: August 2020

We introduce “rural legal deserts,” or rural areas experiencing attorney shortages, as a meaningful health determinant. We demonstrate that the absence of rural attorneys has significant impacts on public health—impacts that are rapidly exacerbated by COVID-19.

Our work builds on recent scholarship that underscores the public health relevance of attorneys in civil and criminal contexts. It recognizes attorneys as crucial to interprofessional health care teams and to establishing equitable health-related laws and policies. Attorney interventions transform institutional practices and help facilitate the stability necessary for health maintenance and recovery. Yet, critically, many rural residents cannot access legal supports.

As more individuals experience unemployment, eviction, and insecure benefits amid the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need for attorneys to address these social determinants of health as legal needs. Accordingly, the growing absence of attorneys in the rural United States proves particularly consequential—because of this pandemic context but also because of rural health disparities. We argue that unless a collaborative understanding of these interrelated phenomena is adopted, justice gaps will continue to compound rural health inequities.
Frequent Cannabis Use and Cessation of Injection of Opioids, Vancouver, Canada, 2005–2018
Authors: Reddon Hudson , DeBeck Kora , Socias M. Eugenia , Lake Stephanie , Dong Huiru , Karamouzian Mohammad , Hayashi Kanna , Kerr Thomas , Milloy M-J
Published: August 2020

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of frequent cannabis use on injection cessation and injection relapse among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods. Three prospective cohorts of PWID from Vancouver, Canada, provided the data for these analyses. We used extended Cox regression analysis with time-updated covariates to analyze the association between cannabis use and injection cessation and injection relapse.

Results. Between 2005 and 2018, at-least-daily cannabis use was associated with swifter rates of injection cessation (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.30). A subanalysis revealed that this association was only significant for opioid injection cessation (AHR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.41). At-least-daily cannabis use was not significantly associated with injection relapse (AHR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.95, 1.23).

Conclusions. We observed that at-least-daily cannabis use was associated with a 16% increase in the hazard rate of injection cessation, and this effect was restricted to the cessation of injection opioids. This finding is encouraging given the uncertainty surrounding the impact of cannabis policies on PWID during the ongoing opioid overdose crisis in many settings in the United States and Canada.
Организационное и методическое обеспечение развертывания лабораторной сети диагностических исследований на SARS-Cov-2 в Волгоградской области
Authors: Снатенков Евгений
Published: August 2020

В сообщении приведены перечень и основные результаты реализации мероприятий по обеспечению развертывания лабораторной сети тестирования на новую коронавирусную инфекцию COVID-19 в Волгоградской области
Jam Sessions
Authors: Suechting Max , Leal Jonathan
Published: August 2020

In this essay, we consider what musical improvisation can offer humanists interested in interdisciplinary cultural study. We begin by exploring our shared backgrounds as jazz-informed percussionists and our coincidental meeting in the same interdisciplinary graduate program. In the process, we identify key homologies between our musical and scholarly practices: namely, careful and constant practice; a deep commitment to listening; and an openness to conceptual translations across a variety of contexts. As we unpack these ideas, we draw on a wide range of artistic-theoretical texts, years of after-hours conversations, and occasional music collaboration; ultimately, we articulate, for each other and potential readers, that the dynamic, collaborative ethic required for successful improvisation nurtures scholarly interdisciplinary practice by valuing individual efforts as part of communal strivings.
A Quantitative Analysis of Mindfulness Practice as Self-Care for Social Workers in an Urban Setting
Authors: Diner Matthew Thomas
Published: August 2020

This study examines the relationship between mindfulness and secondary traumatic stress (STS) amongst licensed social workers in New York City. The research that was conducted was a quantitative analysis. Participants consisted of 154 social workers that were employed in a variety of agency based or private practice settings. Participants were asked to complete an electronic survey that included: (1) a questionnaire of professional characteristics and demographic information; (2) Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale - Revised (CAMS-R); (3) Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ); (3) Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS). The data was analyzed by the use of SPSS. The multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that higher level of mindfulness is related to an increase in job satisfaction (B=1.13, SE=.09, β=.73, p.001) and lower STS for social workers (B=-.66, SE=.11, β=-.49, p.001).
Persistent domestic circulation of African swine fever virus in Tanzania, 2015-2017
Authors: Yona Clara M. , Vanhee Merijn , Simulundu Edgar , Makange Mariam , Nauwynck Hans , Misinzo Gerald
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs that threatens livelihoods and food security. In Africa, ASF virus (ASFV) circulates in sylvatic (transmission between warthogs and soft argasid ticks) and domestic (transmission between domestic pigs) cycles, with outbreaks resulting from ASFV spill-over from sylvatic cycle. A number of outbreaks were reported in different parts of Tanzania between 2015 and 2017. The present study investigated ASFV transmission patterns through viral DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsASFV was confirmed to cause disease in sampled domestic pigs. ASFV genotypes II, IX, and X were detected from reported outbreaks in 2015-2017. The current ASFV isolates were similar to those recently documented in the previous studies in Tanzania. The similarities of these isolates suggests for continuous circulation of ASFV with virus maintenance within the domestic pigs.MethodsA total of 3120 tissue samples were collected from 2396 domestic pigs during outbreaks at different locations in Tanzania between 2015 and 2017. Partial sequencing of the B646L (p72) gene was conducted for diagnostic confirmation and molecular characterization of ASFV. Phylogenetic analysis to study the relatedness of current ASFV with those that caused previous outbreaks in Tanzania and representatives of all known 24 ASFV was performed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood model with 1000 bootstrap replications in MEGA 6.0.ConclusionsGenetic analysis confirmed the circulation of ASFV genotypes II, IX, and X by partial B646L (p72) gene sequencing. The similarities of current isolates to previously isolated Tanzanian isolates and pattern of disease spread suggest for continuous circulation of ASF with virus’ maintenance in the domestic pigs. Although certain viral genotypes seem to be geographically restricted into certain zones within Tanzania, genotype II seems to expand its geographical range northwards with the likelihood of spreading to other states of the East African Community. The spread of ASFV is due to breach of quarantine and transportation of infected pigs via major highways. Appropriate control measures including zoosanitary measures and quarantine enforcement are recommended to prevent ASF domestic circulation in Tanzania.
The Persistence of Child and Adolescence Mental Healthcare: Results from Registry Data
Authors: Dijk Hermien , Freriks Roel , Alessie Rob , Mierau Jochen
Published: August 2020

Background: Previous studies on the persistence of child and adolescent mental healthcare do not consider the role of time-invariant individual characteristics. Estimating persistence of healthcare using standard linear models yields biased estimates due to unobserved heterogeneity and the autoregressive structure of the model. This study provides estimates of the persistence of child and adolescent mental healthcare taking these statistical issues into account.

Methods: We use registry data of more than 80,000 Dutch children and adolescents between 2000 and 2012 from the Psychiatric Case Registry Northern Netherlands (PCR-NN). In order to account for autocorrelation due to the presence of a lagged dependent variable and to distinguish between persistence caused by time-invariant individual characteristics and a direct care effect we use difference GMM-IV estimation. In further analyses we assess the robustness of our results to policy reforms, different definitions of care and diagnosis decomposition.

Results: All estimation results for the direct care effect (true state-dependence) show a positive coefficient smaller than unity with a main effect of 0.215 (p < 0.01), which indicates that the process is stable. Persistence of care is found to be 0.065 (p < 0.05) higher for females. Additionally, the majority of persistence of care appears to be associated with time-invariant characteristics. Further analyses indicate that (1) results are robust to different definitions of care and (2) persistence of care does not differ significantly across subgroups.

Conclusions: The results indicate that the majority of mental healthcare persistence for children and adolescents is due to time-invariant individuals characteristics. Additionally, we find that in the absence of further shocks a sudden increase of 10 care contacts in the present year is associated with an average of less than 3 additional care contacts at some point in the future. This result provides essential information about the necessity of budget increases for future years in the case of exogenous increases in healthcare use.
The current status of gender equity in medicine in Korea: An online survey
Authors: Shin Hyun-Young , Lee Hang Aie
Published: August 2020

Background: Although the number of women doctors has increased in South Korea, and efforts to improve gender awareness have gained importance in recent years, the issue of gender equity in the medical field has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of gender equity in the medical profession in Korea. Methods: An online survey on gender discrimination was conducted for two months, with both men and women doctors participating. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1,170 doctors responded to the survey (9.2% response rate). The survey found that 47.3% of the women respondents and 18.2% of the men had experienced gender discrimination in the resident selection process (p value<0.001); 17.2% of the women and 8.7% of the men had experienced discrimination during the fellowship application process (p value<0.001); and 36.2% of the women and 8.0% of the men had experienced discrimination during the professorship application process (p value<0.001). Both men and women cited the issue of childbirth and parenting as the number one cause of gender discrimination against women doctors.Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of perceived gender discrimination in the Korean medical society. To address discrimination, a basic approach is necessary to change the working environment so that it is flexible for women doctors, and to change the current culture where the burden of family care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, is the primary responsibility of women.
Comparison of different feedback modalities for the training of procedural skills in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery: a blinded, randomized and controlled study
Authors: Seifert Lukas Benedikt , Herrera-Vizcaino Carlos , Herguth Philipp , Sterz Jasmina , Sader Robert
Published: August 2020

Background: The feedback given to students plays an important role in their efficiency related to learning practical skills. In the present study, diverse feedback modalities have been investigated. Our hypothesis is that individualized and unsupervised video feedback can produce a similar learning experience as performing practical skills in an oral and maxillofacial surgery setting with conventional direct expert feedback (control group).Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled, and blinded study compared direct expert feedback (DEF), individualized video feedback (IVF) and unsupervised video feedback (UVF). The participants were fourth-year dental students from University Goethe in Frankfurt. The students were assigned to one of the three feedback methods (n = 20 per group) using simple randomization. All participants watched an instruction video for an interdental (‘Ernst’) ligature and periphery venous catheterization. Next, the students were video recorded performing the tasks by themselves (pre-test). Following this, every student received feedback using one of the above-mentioned feedback modalities. The participants then performed the same task again while being video recorded (post-test) to measure the acquired competence. Six weeks later, the students participated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to evaluate their long-term knowledge retention. All examiners were blinded regarding the students’ instructional approach and their affiliation in terms of the learning group.Results: For the interdental ligature, we found significant improvements in performance in each feedback modality group between the pre-test and post-test (p <0.001). UVF had the strongest effect on performance time. The comparison between each group in the post-test showed no significant differences between the three groups.Conclusion: This study showed that IVF and UVF can be considered an alternative or adjunct to conventional methods (i.e. DEF) when learning procedural skills in oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, DEF showed to be the most effective method of feedback and therefore preferable in teaching.
A case study of an influenza vaccination program for health care workers in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Nga , Nguyen Thoa Thi Minh , Nguyen Tung Xuan , Tran Phu Dac , Nguyen Hang Minh , Ha Van Thi Cam , Lafond Kathryn E. , Seward Jane F. , McFarland Jeffrey W. , Chu Susan Y.
Published: August 2020

Background: In 2017, the Vietnam Ministry of Health conducted a demonstration project to introduce seasonal influenza vaccination to health care workers. A total of 11,000 doses of influenza vaccine, single-dose prefilled syringes, were provided free to HCWs at 29 selected hospitals, clinics, and research institutes in four provinces: Hanoi, Khanh Hoa, Dak Lak and Ho Chi Minh City. Methods: Before the campaign, a workshop was organized to discuss an implementation plan including technical requirements, cold chain, uptake reporting, and surveillance for adverse events following immunization. All sites distributed communication materials and encouraged their staff to register for vaccination. Following immunization sessions, sites sent reports on uptake and adverse events following immunization. Left-over vaccine was transferred to other sites to maximize vaccine use. Results: The average uptake was 57% for all health care workers, with 11 sites achieving 90% and above. These 11 sites were small with less than 500 staff, including 5 primary hospitals, 3 preventive medicine units, and 2 referral hospitals. Among the six biggest sites with over 1,000 staff, four sites had the lowest uptake (14%-47%). Most of the high-uptake sites were from the central to the south; only one site, a referral hospital, was from the north. After redistribution of left-over vaccine, only 130 vaccine doses (1.2%) were not used and destroyed. Based on factors that affected uptake, including registration levels, differing communication strategies, availability of vaccination, and commitment by health facility leaders, we recommended ways to increase health care worker coverage; recommendations to improve reporting adverse events following immunization were also made.Conclusions: The project demonstrated that it was feasible to conduct influenza vaccination campaigns among health care workers in Vietnam. Improvements in promotion of registration, more intense pre-planning, especially at larger facilities, and wider, more consistent availability of communication materials will result in increased efficiency and coverage in this program’s future expansion.
Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy as an Adjunct for Orthodontic Retention: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Shan Zhiyi , Wong Ka Wai Frank , McGrath Colman , Gu Min , Yang Yanqi
Published: August 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Toe flexor strength is associated with mobility in older adults with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet
Authors: Kusagawa Yuki , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Imai Aiko , Maeo Sumiaki , Sugiyama Takashi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao
Published: August 2020

Background: Older adults are known to have more pronated foot posture and decreased toe flexor strength (TFS), as well as decreased mobility in daily life compared to young adults. Although foot posture is reported to be an influential factor for walking biomechanics in young adults, there is less information on this subject in older adults. Age-related reduction in TFS is shown to be associated with impairments of functional performance, but it is poorly understood whether foot posture influences the relationships between TFS and functional performances. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate this concern by examining older women. Methods: Seventy community-dwelling older women (76.8 ± 4.4 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Foot posture was evaluated by the 6-item foot posture index (FPI). Based on the FPI score, participants were allocated to pronated, neutral, or supinated group (n = 33, 26, and 11, respectively). TFS was assessed using a toe grip dynamometer in a seated position. Scores of 30-second chair stand, timed up-and-go, 5-m comfortable-speed walking, and static balance tests were determined to evaluate functional performances. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships between TFS and functional performances in each group. Results: TFS positively correlated with comfortable walking speed in the pronated (r = 0.37, p = 0.03) and supinated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) groups, but not in the neutral group (r = 0.17, p = 0.42). For the two significant relationships, an analysis of covariance showed that there was no significant difference between the pronated and supinated groups in the slopes of the regression lines, suggesting a similar relative contribution of TFS to comfortable walking speed between the two groups. In addition, TFS tended to negatively correlate with timed up-and-go time in the pronated (r = -0.32, p = 0.07) and supinated (r = -0.56, p = 0.08) groups, and positively correlate with 30-second chair stand score in the pronated group (r = 0.31, p = 0.08). Conclusions: The present study indicates that TFS would be associated with mobility, walking performance in particular, in older women with pronated and supinated feet but not with neutral feet.
Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review
Authors: Stuijfzand Suzannah , Deforges Camille , Sandoz Vania , Sajin Consuela-Thais Consuela-Thais , Jaques Cécile , Elmers Jolanda , Horsch Antje
Published: August 2020

Background: Epidemics or pandemics, such as the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, pose unique challenges to healthcare professionals (HCPs). Caring for patients during an epidemic/pandemic may impact negatively on the mental health of HCPs. There is a lack of evidence-based advice on what would be effective in mitigating this impact. Objectives: This rapid review synthesizes the evidence on the psychological impact of pandemics/epidemics on the mental health of HCPs, what factors predict this impact, and the evidence of prevention/intervention strategies to reduce this impact. Method: According to rapid review guidelines, systematic searches were carried out in Embase.com, PubMed, APA PsycINFO-Ovid SP, and Web of Science (core collection). Searches were restricted to the years 2003 or later to ensure inclusion of the most recent epidemic/pandemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Papers written in French or English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and of quantitative design using validated measures of mental health outcomes were included. Of 1308 papers found, 50 were included. The full protocol for this rapid review was registered with Prospero ( reg.no. CRD42020175985). Results: Results show that exposed HCPs working with patients during an epidemic/pandemic are at heightened risk of mental health problems in the short and longer term, particularly: psychological distress, insomnia, alcohol/drug misuse, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, burnout, anger, and higher perceived stress. These mental health problems are predicted by organizational, social, personal, and psychological factors and may interfere with the quality of patient care. Few evidence-based early interventions exist so far. Discussion: HCPs need to be provided with psychosocial support to protect their mental wellbeing if they are to continue to provide high quality patient care. Several recommendations relevant during and after an epidemic/pandemic, such as COVID-19, and in preparation for a future outbreak, are proposed.
Probability Bankruptcy Using Support Vector Regression Machines
Authors: Manurung Adler Haymans , Suhartono Derwin , Hutahayan Benny , Halimawan Noptovius
Published: August 2020

Bankruptcy is a decision made by a court after examining the assets and liabilities of individuals even businesses in which they are not able to pay their bills. Due to the importance of prevent bankruptcy to be happened in such business, a calculation which can predict probability bankruptcy is necessary. This paper aims to investigate probability bankruptcy using Support Vector Regression. There are 6 variables for 2016 to 2018 period coming from 17 coal mining companies from Indonesia. The model built by using Support Vector Regression indicates a good performance because it has the highest coefficient of determination.
Ceramic bricks containing Ni ions from contaminated biomass used as an adsorbent
Authors: Simón Daiana , Quaranta Nancy , Gass Sebastián , Procaccini Raúl , Cristóbal Adrián
Published: August 2020

This article shows how pine sawdust residues can be used to adsorb nickel ions from synthetic solutions and then to produce porous bricks for civil construction using a mixture of natural clay and biomass containing the adsorbed metals. The adsorption tests were performed by mixing NiCl2 solutions with pine sawdust during a fixed stirring period of 24 h. The set was filtered and the filtrate was analysed. Highest efficiency adsorbate/adsorbent ratio was 1 mol L-1 of NiCl2 solution and 20 g L-1 of pine sawdust. This was the contaminated biomass sample used in the manufacture of the bricks. This paper analyses the properties of the bricks achieved and compares them with bricks without added biomass, porous bricks containing zinc and commercial bricks. The obtained values ​​of bulk density (apD), apparent specific weight (aspW), apparent porosity (apP), water absorption (H2OAbs), apparent volume (apV), weight loss on ignition (LOI), compression fracture stress (σstr), flexural modulus of rupture (MOR) and retention efficiency (RE), demonstrate that the ceramic pieces obtained are optimal for construction.
Development of a national survey on foot involvement among people with psoriatic arthritis in Australia using a best practice approach: A survey development protocol
Authors: Carter Kate , Walmsley Steven , Rome Keith , Turner Deborah E.
Published: August 2020

Background Limited research to date has defined the nature and extent of foot involvement in a psoriatic arthritis-specific population in Australia and the scale of the problem remains unclear. Survey research provides the ideal opportunity to sample a large population over a wide geographical area. Although quality criteria for survey research have been developed, research shows that adherence is low and that survey studies are poorly reported in peer-reviewed survey articles, which limits the ability to inform future survey design. The objective of this paper was to develop a national survey about foot involvement in people with psoriatic arthritis using a best practice approach. This is a methods paper for the development of survey research.Methods A systematic, multi-stage process of survey development was undertaken, which comprised 3 phases: 1) the generation of the conceptual framework and survey content; 2) the development of the survey and pre-testing and 3) development of the survey dissemination strategy. A survey best practice approach was adopted using iterative pre-testing techniques, which included; cognitive debriefing, cultural sensitivity review, survey design expert validation, subject expert validation and pilot testing. Targeted postal and online survey dissemination strategies were developed a priori to optimise the response rates anticipated.Results A 59-item survey with 8 sections was developed. Findings demonstrated a high survey response (n=649), high data completeness (83% of respondents reached the end of the survey) and low rates of missing data (below 5% for 95% of respondents). Extensive survey pre-testing among the target population, health professionals and experts improved the overall quality, content validity, functioning and representativeness of the survey instrument, which optimised potential response rates. Clear audit trails that mapped the analytical process at each stage substantiated the rigour of the survey development methods. Robust strategies for sampling, survey dissemination and community engagement were deemed to have made a powerful contribution to response rates and the scale of information collected.Conclusions Robust patient-centred methods in survey design were used to create a novel, high-quality survey to comprehensively evaluate psoriatic arthritis-related foot involvement. Transparent and precise description of the survey design and dissemination methods provides useful information to other researchers embarking on survey design in healthcare.
Effects of Ferula assa-foetida on clinical, hormonal and ultrasound parameters in young girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, placebo controlled, triple-blinded
Authors: Ghavi Fatemeh , abdolahian somayeh , Shakeri Fatemeh , Taebi Mahboubeh
Published: August 2020

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women. As a result of side effect of pharmaceutical medications women are interested in using alternative medicines to treat. To determine the comparative effects of Ferula assa-foetida on androgenic hormone levels and ovarian features in patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In this triple-blinded controlled clinical trial, 34 student participants were randomly divided in two groups. Intervention group received 100 mg of oleo-gum resin of Ferula assa- foetida, control group received oral paraffin (Placebo) twice daily for 3 months. The efficacy of this herbal medicines was measured after the 3-month intervention. Hormonal assay for evaluating Testosterone, DEHAS, Prolactin, TSH, FSH, LH levels and also trans abdominal ultrasound for evaluating ovarian volumes, number of follicles of both ovaries, and endometrial thickness. Were measured before and after the study. Results: In this study, significant changes in DEHAS and TSH level were observed (p value<0.03). The greatest reduction in the number of ovarian follicles was reported in the Ferula group (p value <0.00). Conclusion: Use of Ferula assa-foetida can be effected in decrease of DHEAS, TSH levels, and ovarian follicles number in young girls with PCOS.Trial registration: the Iranian Randomized Clinical Trial (IRCT2016040427207N1).url: https://www.irct.ir/trial/22343
The experiences of individuals with cervical spinal cord injury and their family during post-injury care in non-specialised and specialised units in UK
Authors: McRae Jackie , Smith Christina , Emmanuel Anton , Beeke Suzanne
Published: August 2020

Background Individuals with acute cervical spinal cord injury require specialised interventions to ensure optimal clinical outcomes especially for respiratory, swallowing and communication impairments. This study explores the experiences of post-injury care for individuals with cervical spinal cord injury and their family members during admissions in specialised and non-specialised units in the United Kingdom.Methods Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with individuals with a cervical spinal cord injury and their family member, focussing on the experience of care across units. Eight people with spinal cord injury levels from C2 to C6, were interviewed in their current care settings. Six participants had family members present to support them. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed with data inputted into NVivo for thematic analysis.Results The study identified six themes from the participant interviews that highlighted different experiences of care in non-specialised and specialised settings. A number of these were related to challenges with the system, whilst others were about the personal journey of recovery. The themes were titled as: adjustment, transitions, “the golden opportunity”, “when you can’t eat”, communication, and “in the hands of the nurses and doctors”.Conclusions Whilst participants reported being well cared for in non-specialised units, they felt that they did not receive specialist care and this delayed their rehabilitation. Participants were dependent on healthcare professionals for information and care and at times lost hope for recovery. Staff in non-specialised units require training and guidance to help provide support for those with dysphagia and communication difficulties, as well as reassurance to patients and families whilst they wait for transfer to specialised units.
Analysis of the Effect of Prognosis Factors for Breast Cancer
Authors: Deka Mrinal , Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti
Published: August 2020

Background: The idea of Prognosis factor is based on the variables that can be used to assess the chance of recovery from a disease. It is also considered as the prior knowledge about any disease before treatment. The concept is applied to the cancer patients to get an idea of how cancer will affect the body and how it will respond to the therapies. Method: In this paper, selective prognostic factors (Age, Node and Tumour size) are analysed by logistic regression in patients who are suffering from Breast cancer based on data collected from Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, Assam, India. Results: The study claims that there are 50.1 percent and 65.8 percent chance of remission of cancer for patients of age above 50 in case of breast cancer with below poverty line and above poverty line respectively. The present study has focused on this cut-off value of 2 cm as the determining prognostic factor in relation to tumour size. Thus, the chance of remission from cancer is 22.3 percent and 34.7 percent for below poverty line and above poverty line patients respectively, if tumour size is greater than 2 cm.It also endeavours to ascertain that there are 10.9 percent and 18.1 percent chances of remission of cancer, if the disease has metastasized to regional lymph nodes, with below poverty line and above poverty line respectively.Conclusion: The parameters viz. Tumour size and Node status, which measure the stage of the cancer patients, are significant prognostic factors that help in predicting tumour behaviour and survival outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Imbalanced Sensory Eye Dominance of Surgically Aligned Late-onset Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropes with normal stereopsis
Authors: Yao Zhimo , Yu Huanyun , Zhang Junxiao , Chen Bo , Yu Xinping
Published: August 2020

Background: Adults with late-onset acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) have chance to develop normal binocular functions including a balanced ocular dominance before the onset of esotropia. For most patients, strabismus surgery re-establishing the ocular alignment indeed effectively restore stereopsis and visual acuity to the normal level. However, it is unclear whether they have already acquired balanced two eyes.Methods: 11 surgically aligned patients with AACE (24.3 ± 1.5 years; mean ± SE) and 14 adults with normal vision (26.1±1.2 years) participated in our experiments. All patients had normal binocularity and stereopsis. Using binocular phase combination paradigm, sensory eye dominance was quantified as the interocular contrast ratio, termed balance point, at which the contribution of each eye to the perception of cyclopean grating were equal.Results: Normal controls had a mean balance point value close to unity (0.95±0.01), while AACE group exhibited evident binocular imbalance (0.76±0.05), which was significantly different from control group (t (10.45) = -3.485, p = 0.006) . The balance point value didn’t depend on the interval from AACE onset to strabismus surgery (r = -0.357, p = 0.281) or the interval from the surgery to examination of sensory eye dominance (r = -0.105, p = 0.759).Conclusions: Although strabismus surgery effectively straightened AACE patients’ ocular alignment and even conferred them normal stereopsis, late-onset AACE patients’ two eyes were still not balanced. These results indicated that binocular imbalance might be a risk factor for adult AACE.
Npas4 impairs fear memory via phosphorylated HDAC5 induced by CGRP administration in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Mishima Shuta , Okujima Chihiro , Shitanishi Youdai , Hashikawa Naoya
Published: August 2020

The relationships among neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and memory formation remain unclear. Here, we showed that the intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP impaired the traumatic fear memories, in a widely studied animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. We found that CGRP administration suppressed fear memory by increasing neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), phosphorylated histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), and protein kinase D (PKD). We also discovered that Npas4 knockdown inhibited CGRP-mediated fear memory. CGRP decreased the binding between HDAC5 and the Npas4 enhancer site and increased the binding between acetylated histone H3 and the Npas4 enhancer site. The pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PKD attenuated the CGRP-mediated impairment of fear memory and the increased phosphorylation of HDAC5 and Npas4 expression. Our findings demonstrated that the CGRP-PKD pathway was associated with the histone H3 acetylation-Npas4 pathway. These results suggested a novel function for CGRP on fear memory, through epigenetic regulation.
Newly Modified Descemetopexy Method in Descemet’s Membrane Detachment and Prognostic Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shen Zhan , Peng Rongmei , Xiao Gege , Hong Jing
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTo present a newly modified descemetopexy method and investigate the most determinative factor in the prognosis of Descemet’s membrane detachment (DMD). MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 37 patients (38 eyes) treated with the newly modified descemetopexy method. This surgical method was combined with the vacuum technique to pump supra-Descemet’s fluid. After reviewing and screening, we enrolled 31 patients (32eyes). We evaluated outcomes using the anatomical reattachment of DM [anatomical success (AS)] and the resolution of corneal oedema [functional success (FS)]. Donor characteristics, including sex, age, the presence of diabetes, ocular history, DMD duration, DMD grade, were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether FS was achieved. Univariate and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were adopted to evaluate factors contributing to the prognosis of DMD. ResultsAS was achieved in 31 eyes (96.9%), and FS was achieved in 21 eyes (65.6%). The univariate analysis showed that both the DMD grade (P=0.029) and DMD duration (P=0.004) affect the prognosis of DMD. The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the DMD duration was the dominant factor (P=0.006). No significant difference was found in the DMD grade, sex, age, presence of diabetes, presence of glaucoma or DMD-originating surgery between the two groups.ConclusionsDescemetopexy combined with the vacuum technique can be used to deal with DMD. The DMD duration is the dominant factor affecting the activity of endothelial cells and the final prognosis.