bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cherry leaf roll virus abundant on Betula pubescens in Finland
Authors: Jalkanen Risto , Büttner Carmen , Bargen Susanne
Published: March 2014

Virus-related symptoms such as vein banding, leaf roll, chlorosis and subsequent necrosis on birch leaves were increasingly recorded throughout Finland since 2002. They are widespread in this country and have also been detected in northern Norway and Sweden. Symptomatic foliage has so far been found on Betula pendula, B. pubescens, B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, and B. nana. A Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) specific IC-RT-PCR was applied to young leaves, buds and catkins of symptomatic shoots of nineteen pubescent and one silver birch trees grown in the centre of Rovaniemi, Finland. CLRV was found in seventeen B. pubescens trees. This is the first time that B. pubescens has been confirmed to be a host species for CLRV in Finland. Nor has CLRV been recorded earlier in northern Finland.
Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) for active hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Yang Quankui , Fuchs Frank , Wagner Joachim
Published: March 2014

There is an increasing demand for wavelength agile laser sources covering the mid-infrared (MIR, 3.5–12 µm) wavelength range, among others in active imaging. The MIR range comprises a particularly interesting part of the electromagnetic spectrum for active hyperspectral imaging applications, due to the fact that the characteristic ‘fingerprint’ absorption spectra of many chemical compounds lie in that range. Conventional semiconductor diode laser technology runs out of steam at such long wavelengths. For many applications, MIR coherent light sources based on solid state lasers in combination with optical parametric oscillators are too complex and thus bulky and expensive. In contrast, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) constitute a class of very compact and robust semiconductor-based lasers, which are able to cover the mentioned wavelength range using the same semiconductor material system. In this tutorial, a brief review will be given on the state-of-the-art of QCL technology. Special emphasis will be addressed on QCL variants with well-defined spectral properties and spectral tunability. As an example for the use of wavelength agile QCL for active hyperspectral imaging, stand-off detection of explosives based on imaging backscattering laser spectroscopy will be discussed.
Correlative evidence for competition between Fucus serratus and the introduced chlorophyte Codium fragile subsp. fragile on the southwest coast of Norway
Authors: Armitage Caroline S. , Sjøtun Kjersti , Jensen Knut Helge
Published: March 2014

The distribution of Codium fragile subsp. fragile and the native canopy-forming alga Fucus
serratus was recorded at 51 sites in a 20 km long, sheltered region on the southwest coast of Norway. The purpose of the study was to examine if these species are potentially competing and how their distributions are related to wave-exposure and substrate. Codium fragile subsp. fragile was patchily distributed, a pattern which appears to have been sustained over time since its introduction to this area. It was almost always observed growing below mean low water, in the low intertidal and shallow subtidal. Both substrate type and wave-exposure influenced the vertical distribution of C. fragile subsp. fragile; growth occurred higher on the shore at sheltered sites and deeper in the subtidal on stony substrate. Its vertical range of growth overlapped with that of F. serratus and, when C. fragile subsp. fragile was abundant, F. serratus tended to grow higher on the shore and at lower abundances. This suggests that C. fragile subsp. fragile is affecting F. serratus in this area through competition, but only in the lower portion of the fucoid’s vertical range and only at sites favorable for its own growth with regard to shelter and substrate.
The ‘Learner Corpus Research, Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition’ nexus: a SWOT analysis
Authors: De Knop Sabine , Meunier Fanny
Published: March 2014

The introductory chapter of this special issue on ‘Learner Corpus Research, Cognitive Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition’ addresses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential threats of using both learner corpora and Cognitive Linguistics to research second language acquisition. We also discuss some terminological issues related to the notion of second language acquisition. Finally, we present the various chapters included in the volume and explain how each of them concretely articulates the connections between the three disciplines under analysis.
Numerical Solution of Direct and Inverse Scattering Problems in 1D with a General Nonlinearity
Authors: Harju Markus , Fotopoulos Georgios
Published: March 2014

We consider direct and inverse scattering problems for a general nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The direct problem is solved by the method of integral equations. The inverse problem is solved by the method of Born approximation. The computation of the Born approximation is carried out using regularization methods. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of these methods.
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin/PMMA/SiO2 Dental Composites
Authors: Mo Zunli , Zhu Xiaobo , Meng Shujuan , Guo Ruibin
Published: March 2014

Epoxy resin/ Thermoplastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/SiO2 dental composites were synthesized successfully at last after the following two steps: polymerization of MMA act as the initiator at this first process. Then the obtained PMMA was incorporated into epoxy resin and SiO2 to prepare the hybrid thermosets. The structural characteristics of epoxy resin/PMMA/SiO2 composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). What is more, the mechanical properties and water solubility of the composites have also been tested. It is found that the stability has been improved after adding SiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites which were modified by silica indicated that the mechanical properties of materials could be improved after preprocessing of SiO2 nanoparticles in epoxy resin/PMMA composites. Interference of epoxy resin produced magnetic adsorption and chemical reaction with the existence of hydroxyls, ether bonds and epoxy groups. In conclusion, the improvement in surface properties was ascribed to the enrichment of epoxy resin moiety on the surface of the nanostructured thermosets.
Crystal structure of dichloro-bis(n-pentyl)tin(IV),Sn(C5H11)2Cl2,tin-halide compounds - part VI
Authors: Reuter H. , Izaaryene M.
Published: March 2014

M. Izaaryene
Crystal structure of 3-(phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, C14H11N3O
Authors: Kesternich Victor , Pérez-Fehrmann Marcia , Puelles Arturo , Brito Iván , Cárdenas Alejandro , Bolte Michael , López-Rodríguez Matías
Published: March 2014

C14H11N3O, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.0506(8) Å, b = 11.362(1) Å, c = 11.486(1) Å, α = 88.137(7)°, β = 87.526(7)°, γ = 89.659(7)°, V = 1179.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0581, wRref(F2) = 0.1489, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of trans-dichlorido-bis(2,6-pyridinediyl-bis(3-pyridinyl) methanone)-κ2N,N'-manganese(II), C34H22Cl2MnN6O4
Authors: Liu Bin
Published: March 2014

C17H11ClMn0.50N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.542(1) Å, b = 16.186(2) Å, c = 11.652(2) Å, β = 103.160(3)°, V = 1568.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0415, wRref(F2) = 0.1069, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxylic acid, C12H13ClO4
Authors: Zhang Min , Jia Guo-Kai , Yuan Lin , Yuan Xian-You
Published: March 2014

C12H13ClO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 35.310(2) Å, b = 5.9993(2) Å, c = 22.7422(8) Å, β = 98.692(4)°, V = 4762.3 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.0397, wRref(F2) = 0.1048, T = 153 K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-4-benzyl-N'-(4-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-piperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide, C20H20ClN5OS
Authors: Mao Bei-Bei , Li Ai-Min , Wan Chong-Qing , Cao Sheng-Li
Published: March 2014

C20H20ClN5OS, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.668(1) Å, b = 8.733(1) Å, c = 13.554(2) Å, α = 94.673(9)°, β = 94.73(1)°, γ = 101.841(9)°, V = 995.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0410, wRref(F2) = 0.1118, T = 296 K.
The de novo Transcriptome and Its Analysis in the Worldwide Vegetable Pest, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Zhang Yu-Juan , Hao Youjin , Si Fengling , Ren Shuang , Hu Ganyu , Shen Li , Chen Bin
Published: March 2014

The onion maggot Delia antiqua is a major insect pest of cultivated vegetables, especially the onion, and a good model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of diapause. To better understand the biology and diapause mechanism of the insect pest species, D. antiqua, the transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Approximately 54 million reads were obtained, trimmed, and assembled into 29,659 unigenes, with an average length of 607 bp and an N50 of 818 bp. Among these unigenes, 21,605 (72.8%) were annotated in the public databases. All unigenes were then compared against Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae. Codon usage bias was analyzed and 332 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected in this organism. These data represent the most comprehensive transcriptomic resource currently available for D. antiqua and will facilitate the study of genetics, genomics, diapause, and further pest control of D. antiqua.
Acquisition of a Leucine Zipper Motif as a Mechanism of Antimorphy for an Allele of theDrosophila HoxGeneSex Combs Reduced
Authors: Sivanantharajah Lovesha , Percival-Smith Anthony
Published: March 2014

In 1932, Müller first used the term "antimorphic" to describe mutant alleles that have an effect that is antagonistic to that of the wild-type allele from which they were derived. In a previous characterization of mutant alleles of the Drosophila melanogaster Hox gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr), we identified the missense, antimorphic allele Scr14, which is a Ser10-to-Leu change in the N-terminally located, bilateran-specific octapeptide motif. Here we propose that the cause of Scr14 antimorphy is the acquisition of a leucine zipper oligomerization motif spanning the octapeptide motif and adjacently located protostome-specific LASCY motif. Analysis of the primary and predicted secondary structures of the SCR N-terminus suggests that while the SCR+ encodes a short, α-helical region containing one putative heptad repeat, the same region in SCR14 encodes a longer, α-helical region containing two putative heptad repeats. In addition, in vitro cross-linking assays demonstrated strong oligomerization of SCR14 but not SCR+. For in vivo sex comb formation, we observed reciprocal inhibition of endogenous SCR+ and SCR14 activity by ectopic expression of truncated SCR14 and SCR+ peptides, respectively. The acquisition of an oligomerization domain in SCR14 presents a novel mechanism of antimorphy relative to the dominant negative mechanism, which maintains oligomerization between the wild-type and mutant protein subunits.
Characterization of Tin Oxide Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Medina G. , Stampe P.A. , Kennedy R.J. , Reeves R.J. , Dang G.T. , Hyland A. , Allen M.W. , Wahila M.J. , Piper L.F.J. , Durbin S. M.
Published: March 2014

We describe the characteristics of a series of thin film tin oxide films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on r-plane sapphire substrates over a range of flux and substrate temperature conditions. A mixture of both SnO2 and SnO are detected in several films, with the amount depending on growth conditions, most particularly the substrate temperature. Electrical measurements were not possible on all samples due to roughness related issues with contacting, but at least one film exhibited p-type characteristics depending on measurement conditions, and one sample exhibited significant persistent photoconductivity upon ultraviolet excitation in a metal-semiconductor-metal device structure.
Thermal Modification of Nanoscale Mask Openings in Polystyrene Sphere Layers
Authors: Riedl Thomas , Strake Matthias , Sievers Werner , Lindner Joerg K.N.
Published: March 2014

An experimental analysis of the morphology changes of hexagonally close packed polystyrene sphere monolayers induced by annealing in air is presented. The triangular interstices between each triple of spheres, which are frequently used as nanoscale mask openings in colloidal lithography, are observed to gradually shrink in size and change in shape upon annealing. Top view scanning electron microscopy images reveal that different stages are involved in the closure of monolayer interstices at annealing temperatures in the range between 110°C and 120°C. In the early stages shrinkage of the triangular interstices is dominated by material transport to and thus shortening of their corners, in the late stages interstice area reduction via displacement of the triangle edges becomes significant. At intermediate annealing times the rate of interstice area reduction displays a maximum before a stabilized state characterized by a rounded isosceles triangular shape forms.
Spectroscopic characterization of lithium combustion
Authors: Brockhinke Andreas , Koppmann Julia , Brockhinke Regina , Kellermann Renate , Eckert Helmut , Taroata Dan , Schmid Guenter
Published: March 2014

In this work, the exothermic reaction of the chemical energy storage material for stranded renewable energy, lithium is analyzed in carbon dioxide (CO2) and air. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the reaction of bulk lithium pellets of up to 1 g weight. In comparison, power plant applicable combustion of atomized lithium spray was analyzed.

Electrical high voltage spark was used to overcome to activation energy of the combustion for the experiments with bulk lithium. The lithium spray was successfully ignited by pre-heating the reaction gases (air and CO2).

Radiation temperature of the bulk lithium during reaction in air was calculated to 2260 K. The observed green and red emission of the lithium combustion could be demonstrated in the spectral analysis.

In CO2 atmosphere the reaction products were found to be lithium carbonate with little lithium oxide. Beside, lithium carbide could be detected in the reaction product of the combustion of bulk lithium. The gaseous reaction product carbon monoxide (CO), which could be further converted with hydrogen from renewable sources to valuable methanol or gasoline, was detected online by gas analysis.
Using ground granulated blast-furnace slag and mineral wastes to reduce cement in paving block
Authors: Jalull Ghassan , Ganjian Eshmaiel , Sadeghi-Pouya Homayoon
Published: March 2014

Portland cement production releases carbon dioxide; this has significant adverse effects on the environment and so a reduction in the content of Portland cement in concrete products will improve the carbon footprint. This investigation explored the use of by-product materials and waste in the production of paving blocks. The following materials were examined: ground granulated blast-furnace slag, basic oxygen slag, plasterboard gypsum and cement by-pass dust. Ternary blends were created for different mixes and tested. The tensile strength, skid/slip resistance and freeze/thaw of each paving block specimen were determined in accordance with British Standard BS EN 1338. It was found that about 30% cement replacement was achieved in comparison with current factory production in the UK without having any considerable impact on the strength and durability of the paving blocks. It was also found that a cement mix can contain ground granulated blast-furnace slag up to 55%, basic oxygen slag up to 70%, cement by-pass dust up to 10% and plasterboard gypsum up to 5% by weight.
Impact of CYP3A5 Gene Polymorphism on Efficacy of Simvastatin
Authors: Kolovou Genovefa , Ragia Georgia , Kolovou Vana , Mihas Constantinos , Katsiki Niki , Vasiliadis Ioannis , Mavrogeni Sophie , Vartela Vassiliki , Tavridou Anna , Manolopoulos Vangelis G.
Published: March 2014

Background:
One of the promises of human genetics is individualized therapy. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of CYP3A5 gene polymorphism on the effectiveness of simvastatin (a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor). Methods: Patients (n = 191) with hypercholesterolemia were treated with simvastatin for at least 6 months and were genotyped for the CYP3A5 polymorphism. Results: The frequency of CYP3A5 polymorphism was 0.5% for WT (wild-type), 15.6% for HT (heterozygous, expressors) and 83.9% for HM (homozygous, non-expressors). Differences in lipid profile before and after dose-response of simvastatin treatment were described as % difference {[(variable after-variable before)/variable before]*100}. There was a trend towards the decrease of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in HT individuals who had a -35.2% reduction with a dose of 20 mg simvastatin and HM individuals who had a slightly higher decrease (-37.5%) despite the lower dose of simvastatin (10 mg, p = 0.07). Furthermore, HT genotype individuals had significantly higher than expected (6-8%) LDL-C % difference between 20 and 40 mg of simvastatin (-35.2 vs -49.2%, p = 0.037). In individuals with HM genotype a significant LDL-C % difference was found between 10 and 40 mg of simvastatin (-37.5 vs -48.4%, p = 0.023). Conclusion: The individuals with HM polymorphism display a trend towards higher LDL-C reductions compared with HT polymorphism. Within the same genotype, differences between doses were also observed. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Trend analysis of water quality parameters for the Nisava river
Authors: Gocic Milan , Trajkovic Slavisa
Published: March 2014

The data of 12 water quality parameters have been daily monitored at the Nis
station on the Nisava River during 2000-2004. The trend analysis was
performed on monthly, seasonal and annual time series using the Mann-Kendall
test, the Spearman?s Rho test and the linear regression at the 5%
significance level. The monthly results showed that significant trends were
found only in pH, total hardness, Ca and SO4 data. The results in seasonal
series indicated that the significant trends were detected in pH, total
hardness, Cl, Ca and SO4 data. In annual series, the trends were
insignificant at the 5% significance level.
Remodeling of the interior of preschool institutions in the context of improvement of ambient value and quality of space
Authors: Nikolic Vojislav , Kekovic Aleksandar , Stankovic Danica , Tanic Milan
Published: March 2014

Starting from the attitude that in conceiving, designing and equipping of the
areas where children stay, the areas? quality becomes enriched, this paper
treats the remodeling of the interior in the revitalization process of the
existing preschool institutions. The issue was handled using the input of the
critique and the studies of the psychological aspects of children?s stay in
preschool institutions. The basic goal of the research is finding of a
practical model of interior space renovation in the preschool facilities in
Nis, as in a typical urban environment. The innovation potential was analyzed
on proposed remodeling of the interior of kindergarten ?Bajka". The
conclusions from this research can be used as guidelines for remodeling of
the interior of other kindergartens built in the same period.
Methods for rationalization of the design of residential buildings in classical antiquity
Authors: Miric Aleksandra , Jovanovic Goran
Published: March 2014

The description of residential buildings in the past is made possible by
studying the physical structure of the preserved architectural and movable
archaeological finds, and also by the analysis of the written (epigraphic and
numismatic) material findings, as well as the analysis of the written
literary works which, through the author?s subjectivity, documented the
social life. That is why the knowledge of the classical antiquity
construction handbooks can only contribute to the understanding of the
architecture, housing conditions, and thus facilitate the reconstruction of
the ancient houses. Works about residential buildings by Columella, Vitruvius
and Faventinus, three authors from different periods of the mature antiquity,
are fully preserved. This paper presents the results of a comparative
analysis of their works, which indicate that the recommendations for
determining the properties of various functional units within the residential
building were similar over a longer period of time observed here.
Numerical modelling in seismic analysis of tunnels regarding soil-structure interaction
Authors: Zlatanovic Elefterija , Broceta Gordana , Popovic-Miletic Natasa
Published: March 2014

The paper is related to the most significant aspects of numerical simulations
in seismic analysis of tunnels, highlighting the soil-structure interaction
phenomenon. The modelling of a problem and analysis of relevant influences
may be completed by an application of software packages based on the finite
element method. In order to define a reliable and efficient numerical model,
that should simultaneously put together both the criteria of simplicity and
realistic presentation of a physical problem, analyses should start from the
most simple modelling techniques (theory of elasticity, replacing the soil
medium with elastic springs, pseudo-static analysis), with the final goal to
accomplish a more complex and realistic model (theory of elasto-plasticity,
finite element method, full dynamic analysis).
Tensile structures as the most advanced lightweight structures
Authors: Milosevic Vuk , Igic Tomislav , Kostic Dragan
Published: March 2014

Tensile structures are currently the most advanced lightweight structures.
Apart from their very small self-weight, they are also characterized by a
double curved form with a negative Gaussian curvature. In addition, this is
one of the most recent structural systems to be designed and because of that
a lot of research work is still being done on its improvement. This paper
will give a brief overview of the development of tensile structures. Their
most modern sub-type, membrane structures, was analyzed in more detail. The
characteristics of this system, its loading and the structural material it is
made of were also studied. Special attention is paid to the form of this
structural system. In the end an overview of the most significant objects
constructed using the tensile structure system is offered, including the
Olympic stadium in Munich as an example of cable net subsystem, and the roof
of the central court in Wimbledon and the stadium in Durban as
representatives of the membrane subsystem. In addition to the significant
advantages of this system, the drawbacks are also highlighted.
Camphor-10-sulfonic acid catalyzed condensation of 2-naphthol with aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes to 14-aryl/alkyl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes
Authors: Kundu Kshama , Nayak Sandip
Published: March 2014

(?)-Camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) catalyzed condensation of 2-naphthol with
both aliphatic/aromatic aldehydes at 80?C yielded
14-alkyl/aryl-dibenzoxanthenes as the sole product in high yields. However,
the same condensation with benzaldehyde at 25?C afforded a mixture of
intermediate 1,1-bis-(2-hydroxynaphthyl)phenylmethane and
14-phenyl-dibenzoxanthene while the condensation with aliphatic aldehydes at
25?C furnished the corresponding 14-alkyl-dibenzoxanthenes as the sole
product. Moreover, condensation of 2-naphthol with aromatic/aliphatic
aldehydes with low catalyst loading (2 mol%) was greatly accelerated under
microwave irradiation to afford the corresponding
14-aryl/alkyl-dibenzoxanthenes as the sole product in high yields.
Evaluating Financial Results at Graphic Apparel Corporation (GAC): The Impact of Accounting Policies
Authors: Phillips Fred
Published: March 2014

This case requires students to evaluate financial reporting practices adopted by a small apparel company. The company's owner/manager has recently taken the business in a new direction, and is asking for help in determining whether the company's existing financial accounting policies continue to be appropriate and how alternative policies would affect the reported financial results. This case will require students to apply knowledge of financial accounting and financial statement ratios to judge the appropriateness of selected accounting policies. This case is designed for use in introductory and intermediate financial accounting courses that aim to develop students' critical thinking skills.
Modelling of textile composite reinforcements on the micro-scale
Authors: Döbrich Oliver , Gereke Thomas , Cherif Chokri
Published: March 2014

Numerical simulation tools are increasingly used for developing novel composites and composite reinforcements.
The aim of this paper is the application of digital elements for the simulation of the mechanical behaviour of textile
reinforcement structures by means of a finite element analysis. The beneficial computational cost of these elements
makes them applicable for the use in large models with a solution on near micro-scale. The representation of
multifilament yarn models by a large number of element-chains is highly suitable for the analysis of structural and
geometrical effects. In this paper, a unit cell generating method for technical reinforcement textiles, using digital
elements for the discretization, is introduced.
Effects of Dynamic Stepping Training on Nonlocomotor Tasks in Individuals Poststroke
Authors: Straube Don D. , Holleran Carey L. , Kinnaird Catherine R. , Leddy Abigail L. , Hennessy Patrick W. , Hornby T. George
Published: March 2014

Background

During the physical rehabilitation of individuals poststroke, therapists are challenged to provide sufficient amounts of task-specific practice in order to maximize outcomes of multiple functional skills within limited visits. Basic and applied studies have suggested that training of one motor task may affect performance of biomechanically separate tasks that utilize overlapping neural circuits. However, few studies have explicitly investigated the impact of training one functional task on separate, nonpracticed tasks.

Objective

The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the potential gains in specific nonlocomotor assessments in individuals poststroke following only stepping training of variable, challenging tasks at high aerobic intensities.

Methods

Individuals with locomotor deficits following subacute and chronic stroke (n=22) completed a locomotor training paradigm using a repeated-measures design. Practice of multiple stepping tasks was provided in variable environments or contexts at high aerobic intensities for ≥40 sessions over 10 weeks. The primary outcome was timed Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5XSTS) performance, with secondary measures of sit-to-stand kinematics and kinetics, clinical assessment of balance, and isometric lower limb strength.

Results

Participants improved their timed 5XSTS performance following stepping training, with changes in selected biomechanical measures. Statistical and clinically meaningful improvements in balance were observed, with more modest changes in paretic leg strength.

Conclusions

The present data suggest that significant gains in selected nonlocomotor tasks can be achieved with high-intensity, variable stepping training. Improvements in nonpracticed tasks may minimize the need to practice multiple tasks within and across treatment sessions.
Drug resistance among tuberculosis cases in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2007 to 2012
Authors: van der Werf M J , Ködmön C , Hollo V , Sandgren A , Zucs P
Published: March 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Return to system within 30 days of discharge following pediatric shunt surgery
Authors: Chern Joshua J. , Bookland Markus , Tejedor-Sojo Javier , Riley Jonathan , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane , Reisner Andrew
Published: March 2014

Object

The rate of readmission after CSF shunt surgery is significant and has caught the attention of purchasers of health care. However, a detailed description of clinical scenarios that lead to readmissions and reoperations after index shunt surgery is lacking in the medical literature.

Methods

This study included 1755 shunt revision and insertion surgeries that were performed at a single institution between May 1, 2009, and April 30, 2013. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were prospectively collected in the administrative, business, and operating room databases. Clinical events within the 30 days following discharge were reviewed and analyzed. Two events of interest, Emergency Department (ED) utilization and reoperation, were further analyzed for risk factor associations by using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

There were 290 readmissions within 30 days of discharge (16.5%). Admission sources included ED (n = 216), hospital transfers (n = 23), and others. Of the 290 readmissions, 184 were associated with an operation, but only 165 of these were performed by the neurosurgical service. These included surgeries for shunt occlusion and externalization (n = 150), wound revision (n = 7), and other neurosurgical procedures that were not shunt related (n = 8). The remaining readmissions (n = 106) were not associated with an operation, and only 59 patients were admitted for issues related to the index shunt surgery.

When return to the ED was the dependent variable in a multivariate regression model, patients who returned to the ED were more likely to be from the Atlanta metropolitan area and to be either uninsured or insured with public assistance. When reoperation was the dependent variable, patients whose surgery started after 3 p.m. were more likely to undergo subsequent CSF shunt revision surgery on readmission.

Conclusions

Of the readmissions within 30 days of shunt surgery, 74.5% were related to the index shunt surgery. Whether and to what extent these readmissions are preventable continues to be controversial. Further study is needed to identify modifiable risk factors that may eventually improve patient care.
Spatial Analysis of the Home Addresses of Hospital Patients with Hepatitis B Infection or Hepatoma in Shenzhen, China from 2010 to 2012
Authors: Hu Tao , Du Qingyun , Ren Fu , Liang Shi , Lin Denan , Li Jiajia , Chen Yan
Published: March 2014

Background: Hepatoma associated with hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem in Shenzhen (China) and worldwide. China has the largest number of people infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and many studies have demonstrated that HBV infection is associated with hepatoma development. Shenzhen officials have been attempting to monitor and control these diseases for many years. The methodology and the results of this study may be useful in developing a system to monitor, prevent and control these diseases. Methods: The aim of the study was to analyze HBV infection and hepatoma distribution characteristics and patterns in Shenzhen by combining geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial analysis. The study used data from patients at the district level from the 2010–2012 population censuses. Results: Only one-third of the patients were female, and 70.7% of all cases were 20–50 years of age. There was no global spatial correlation of the distribution of hepatitis B infections and hepatomas; however, there was a local spatial correlation, and certain sub-districts of the Nanshan district had significant agglomeration effects. Based on incidence density and rate maps, we can conclude that the Shenzhen special zone had a higher incidence density and rate of hepatitis B infections and hepatomas compared with the area outside of the Shenzhen special zone during 2010–2012. Conclusions: This study demonstrated substantial geographic variation in the incidence of hepatitis B infection and hepatoma in Shenzhen. The prediction and control of hepatitis B infections and hepatoma development and interventions for these diseases should focus on disadvantaged areas to reduce disparities. GIS and spatial analysis play an important role in public health risk-reduction programs and may become integral components in the epidemiologic description, analysis and risk assessment of hepatitis B and hepatoma.
A Preliminary X-ray Study of Murine Tnfaip8/Oxi-α
Authors: Lee Daeun , Kim Mi-Sun , Park Jimin , Jhon Gil-Ja , Son Jin , Shin Dong
Published: March 2014

Tnfaip8/oxidative stress regulated gene-α (Oxi-α) is a novel protein expressed specifically in brain dopaminergic neurons and its over-expression has been reported to protect dopaminergic cells against OS-induced cell death. In this study, murine C165S mutant Tnfaip8/Oxi-α has been crystallized and X-ray data have been collected to 1.8 Å using synchrotron radiation. The crystal belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P21212, with unit-cell parameters a = 66.9, b = 72.3, c = 93.5 Å. A full structural determination is under way in order to provide insights into the structure-function relationships of this protein.
Structural and Molecular Modeling Features of P2X Receptors
Authors: Alves Luiz , Da Silva João , Ferreira Dinarte , Fidalgo-Neto Antonio , Teixeira Pedro , De Souza Cristina , Caffarena Ernesto , De Freitas Mônica
Published: March 2014

Currently, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is recognized as the extracellular messenger that acts through P2 receptors. P2 receptors are divided into two subtypes: P2Y metabotropic receptors and P2X ionotropic receptors, both of which are found in virtually all mammalian cell types studied. Due to the difficulty in studying membrane protein structures by X-ray crystallography or NMR techniques, there is little information about these structures available in the literature. Two structures of the P2X4 receptor in truncated form have been solved by crystallography. Molecular modeling has proven to be an excellent tool for studying ionotropic receptors. Recently, modeling studies carried out on P2X receptors have advanced our knowledge of the P2X receptor structure-function relationships. This review presents a brief history of ion channel structural studies and shows how modeling approaches can be used to address relevant questions about P2X receptors.
Cathodic Polarization Coats Titanium Based Implant Materials with Enamel Matrix Derivate (EMD)
Authors: Frank Matthias , Walter Martin , Rubert Marina , Thiede Bernd , Monjo Marta , Reseland Janne , Haugen Håvard , Lyngstadaas Ståle
Published: March 2014

The idea of a bioactive surface coating that enhances bone healing and bone growth is a strong focus of on-going research for bone implant materials. Enamel matrix derivate (EMD) is well documented to support bone regeneration and activates growth of mesenchymal tissues. Thus, it is a prime candidate for coating of existing implant surfaces. The aim of this study was to show that cathodic polarization can be used for coating commercially available implant surfaces with an immobilized but functional and bio-available surface layer of EMD. After coating, XPS revealed EMD-related bindings on the surface while SIMS showed incorporation of EMD into the surface. The hydride layer of the original surface could be activated for coating in an integrated one-step process that did not require any pre-treatment of the surface. SEM images showed nano-spheres and nano-rods on coated surfaces that were EMD-related. Moreover, the surface roughness remained unchanged after coating, as it was shown by optical profilometry. The mass peaks observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis confirmed the integrity of EMD after coating. Assessment of the bioavailability suggested that the modified surfaces were active for osteoblast like MC3M3-E1 cells in showing enhanced Coll-1 gene expression and ALP activity.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Salinity on the Microbial Diversity in Lithifying Microbial Mats
Authors: Ahrendt Steven , Mobberley Jennifer , Visscher Pieter , Koss Lawrence , Foster Jamie
Published: March 2014

Atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) are rising at an accelerated rate resulting in changes in the pH and carbonate chemistry of the world’s oceans. However, there is uncertainty regarding the impact these changing environmental conditions have on carbonate-depositing microbial communities. Here, we examine the effects of elevated CO2, three times that of current atmospheric levels, on the microbial diversity associated with lithifying microbial mats. Lithifying microbial mats are complex ecosystems that facilitate the trapping and binding of sediments, and/or the precipitation of calcium carbonate into organosedimentary structures known as microbialites. To examine the impact of rising CO2 and resulting shifts in pH on lithifying microbial mats, we constructed growth chambers that could continually manipulate and monitor the mat environment. The microbial diversity of the various treatments was compared using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The results indicated that elevated CO2 levels during the six month exposure did not profoundly alter the microbial diversity, community structure, or carbonate precipitation in the microbial mats; however some key taxa, such as the sulfate-reducing bacteria Deltasulfobacterales, were enriched. These results suggest that some carbonate depositing ecosystems, such as the microbialites, may be more resilient to anthropogenic-induced environmental change than previously thought.
Morphologies and Thermal Variability of Patterned Polymer Films with Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Schoukens Gustaaf
Published: March 2014

Patterned films of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) copolymers were deposited by dip-coating from acetone solutions. A qualitative study of the film morphologies shows the formation of polymer spheres with smaller diameters at higher amounts of maleic anhydride (MA), and long-fibrous features at higher molecular weights. Upon heating, the films progressively re-assemble with short- and long-fibrous structures as a function of heating time and temperature. In parallel, the film morphologies are quantified by image processing and filtering techniques. The differential scanning calorimetry confirms the higher glass transition temperatures with increasing amount of MA. The analysis with Raman spectroscopy shows interactions between the molecules in solution and effects of ring-opening (hydrolysis) and ring-closure (formation of MA) during drying of the films. The water contact angles on the patterned films are within the hydrophilic range. They mainly correlate with the amount of MA moieties calculated from spectroscopy, while the roughness parameters have a minor effect. The variations in film patterns illustrate the self-assemble ability of the copolymers and confirm a heterogeneous molecular structure, as previously assumed.
Concepts of Culture and Tourism Adaption to Climate Change in Tuvalu
Authors: Hübner Anna
Published: March 2014

In the context of a changing climate, the tourism industry has increasingly been given attention due to its considerable contributions in accelerating climate change and to its susceptibility towards current and projected social, economic, and environmental impacts. Accordingly, studies
examining adaptation strategies to mitigate effects and on barriers for implementation at destinations have been carried out to a greater extent. Likewise, this study will explore current impediments to taking action, looking more closely at the tourism industry of the small island state of
Tuvalu. Although tourism is recognized to drive future economic growth of the island nation, proactive adaptation to climate change has been limited. Hence, key drivers for (non)proactive responses of tourism actors are explored by utilizing a cultural framework. Semistructured interviews
were carried out with the National Tourist Office and with tourism service providers, concentrating on the investigation of assumptions (of artifacts, symbols, and values) held about climate change as well as on external stakeholder pressures (such as the government, the community, or the
media). Cultural Theory and its proposed typologies then serve as a tool to help identify reaction groups within Tuvalu's tourism industry. Unlike looking at the more tangible elements impeding adaptation, the examination of barriers to proactiveness underlain by different values and beliefs
may serve as a somewhat different approach.
TAXI TOUR GUIDES AS CULTURE BROKERS ON JEJU ISLAND IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Bae So Young , Dong Erwei , Chick Garry , Kerstetter Deborah
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of taxi tour guides (TTGs) as culture brokers on Jeju Island in South Korea. A qualitative approach via in-depth interviews was utilized to describe domestic tourists' travel experiences with TTGs, and TTGs' perception of their roles.
Weiler and Yu's dimensions of tour guides' cultural mediation (i.e., mediating access, understanding, and encounter) were referenced when analyzing the results and assessing how TTGs play a role as culture brokers in a domestic tourism context. The results revealed the importance
of mediating understanding, recognizing TTGs' locality in culture brokering, and responding to constraints that discourage TTGs from acting as culture brokers.
Toward an Algorithmic Rhetoric
Authors: Ingraham Chris
Published: March 2014

Insofar as algorithms are digital problem-solving operations that follow a set of rules or processes to arrive at a result, they are constrained by the rules that determine their parameters for operating. While an algorithm can only operate according to its instructions, however, the potential rules that might govern an algorithm are inexhaustible. An algorithm's design thus makes rhetorical choices that privilege the importance of some information or desired outcomes over others. This chapter argues for a way of thinking about algorithmic rhetoric as macro-, meso-, and micro-rhetorical. Along these lines, it would be beneficial to think more about algorithms as digital rhetorics with terrific power to sway what counts as knowledge, truth, and material reality in the everyday lives of people across an astonishing range of global communities in the twenty-first century.
The Data Machine
Authors: Hanford Nicholas A.
Published: March 2014

Kenneth Burke warned of the trends of behaviorism in A Grammar of Motives as he found them to be a reduction of the human condition. In the current digital landscape, data mining aims at reducing the human user to characteristics and re-presenting those characteristics, through online advertising, to the user they were collected from. Due to these processes, rhetoricians are forced to take a deeper look at how the audience is constituted within digital situations. This chapter discusses the effects of data mining on Burke's work, providing an example for the contextualization of rhetorical theory in new media environments. By contextualizing Burke's concepts, this chapter allows for these ideas to be used more seamlessly within digital rhetoric and any medium where data mining is a consistent practice.
Inviting Citizen Designers to Design Digital Interface for the Democratization of Web Online Environments
Authors: Panthee Rajendra Kumar
Published: March 2014

Web online environments are supposed to create unifying spaces where diverse societies, cultures and linguistics as well as literacies and knowledge associated with them merge together as negotiated in neutral space. However, these online environments are not culturally neutral or innocent communication landscapes. They may alienate the users from marginal/periphery social, cultural, and linguistic background and experience because of their disregard to their social, cultural, and linguistics norms and values in the digital contact zone. Acknowledging the social, cultural, and linguistic limitations of these technologies that aim to provide agency to their users in this chapter, this chapter proposes to invite citizen designers to design the interface of web online environment in general and Learning Management Systems (LMS) in particular because this process can transform online environments into democratic platforms. Citizen designers, who have democratic sentiments for the creation of a just society, are composition students in general and students with periphery cultural and linguistic experience in particular. Doing a cultural usability test of Blackboard 8, the author argues that current web interface design is not democratic and inclusive, and proposes to invite citizen designers to re/design interface of online environments for their democratization so that they would include people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds and enhance writing students' writing powers.
On the Condition of Anonymity
Authors: Lallas Demetrios Jason
Published: March 2014

The ambiguity of identity in disembodied communities poses unique challenges in the flow of digital rhetoric. Online anonymity can lead to disinhibition, enabling the practice of trolling: the effort to derail discussion for attention, mischief, and abuse. This chapter examines this phenomenon in various social media contexts, exploring effective practices in recognizing and harnessing trolling.
Research Essay
Authors: Traxler John
Published: March 2014

Mobile learning is perhaps nine or ten years old. This thought piece, based on my keynote at IADIS Mobile Learning 2010 in Oporto, looks back at those years to ask if we started in the right place and went in the right direction, and if we have gone as far as we can go.
Fusing website usability and search engine optimisation
Authors: Visser Eugene B. , Weideman Melius
Published: March 2014

Background: Most websites, especially those with a commercial orientation, need a high ranking on a search engine for one or more keywords or phrases. The search engine optimisation process attempts to achieve this. Furthermore, website users expect easy navigation, interaction and transactional ability. The application of website usability principles attempts to achieve this. Ideally, designers should achieve both goals when they design websites.Objectives: This research intended to establish a relationship between search engine optimisation and website usability in order to guide the industry. The authors found a discrepancy between the perceived roles of search engines and website usability.Method: The authors designed three test websites. Each had different combinations of usability, visibility and other attributes. They recorded and analysed the conversions and financial spending on these experimental websites. Finally, they designed a model that fuses search engine optimisation and website usability.Results: Initially, it seemed that website usability and search engine optimisation complemented each other. However, some contradictions between the two, based on content, keywords and their presentation, emerged. Industry experts do not acknowledge these contradictions, although they agree on the existence of the individual elements. The new model highlights the complementary and contradictory aspects.Conclusion: The authors found no evidence of any previous empirical experimental results that could confirm or refute the role of the model. In the fast-paced world of competition between commercial websites, this adds value and originality to the websites of organisations whose websites play important roles.
Salt-marsh evolution at Northwick and Aust warths, Severn Estuary, UK: a case of constrained autocyclicity.
Authors: Haslett Simon K. , Allen John R.L.
Published: March 2014

Historic maps, remote imagery and field surveys reveal that a terraced sequence of four salt marshes has arisen on a decadal-centennial time-scale over a frontage of about 4 km at Northwick and Aust warths exposed to westerly to northerly winds on the east bank of the Severn Estuary, UK. Except for the youngest marsh, at present very immature, each marsh built up through differential sedimentation from a mudflat until the outer zone reached a critical steepness; at that point wave-attack caused erosion that led to the rapid landward retreat of a bold, laterally extensive, marsh-edge cliff. This observed behaviour is consistent with previous models of autocyclic marshes, but evidence suggests that the extrinsic factor of medium-scale changes in wind-wave climate constrained the particular timing of marsh responses.