bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEPINSKA RIVER WATERS QUALITY THROUGH THE COMBINED USE OF DIFFERENT INDICES
Authors: Varbanov Marian , Gartsiyanova Kristina , Genchev Stefan , Metodieva Gergana
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes and evaluates the current status of the water quality of the Chepinska River. It is one of the main right-hand tributaries of the Maritsa River, and large settlements are located in its catchment area and active agricultural activity is carried out. They cause a strong anthropogenic impact and a significant change in water quality. The heterogeneous impact requires the assessment to be carried out by using a complex of indices that includes the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), the Bavarian Pollution Index (CJ) and the water oxygen balance index used in the BENILUX countries. The assessment was made according to more than 10 chemical indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, ammonium nitrogen, electrical conductivity, BOD5 and others. The data were obtained from the National Water Monitoring System, at 4 points along the main river and its tributaries, for the period 2015-2022. The reference values for the maximum permissible concentration of polluting substances are in accordance with Regulation N-4 of 2012. Significant water pollution is observed after the settlements, as a result of waste water from urban sewage and agricultural activity. Poor water quality is mainly observed in local sections of the river course. In the lower reaches of the river, the water quality improves significantly.
CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ON WATER QUALITY IN LAKE BRATES, ROMANIA
Authors: Iticescu C. , Georgescu P. L. , Calmuc M. , Calmuc V. , Topa C.
Published: April 2024

Lake Brates is located near Galati city, in the south-eastern part of Romania being one of the largest lakes in the country. Unfortunately, water quality has greatly decreased in recent years, both due to human actions and to climate change. The present paper aims at establishing the quality of the water in Lake Brates as resulted from the calculation of the water quality index (WQI) by the weighted arithmetic method. In order to calculate this index, several sampling campaigns were carried out in various points of the lake, followed by the measurement of relevant parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, oxygen demand (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen consumption at 5 days (CBO5), NO2 -, NO3 -, N total, Cl-, SO4 2-, PPO4 3-, heavy metals (As3+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+). Both the individual variation of the monitored physicochemical parameters and the variation of the WQI were tracked. Moreover, a correlation of the WQI with the climatic conditions in the region (rainfall and thermal regime) was established. The determinations were made by applying the standardized methods in force in � situ and ex-situ and by using the following equipment: the UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer, Thermo Scientific Vanquish Flex UHPLC system coupled with the Mass Spectrometer, Thermo Scientific Trace GC coupled with the Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, the Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Spectrometer and a portable multiparameter.
COMPREHENSIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF FLOODS IN CYPRUS: EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Xekalakis Georgios , Anastasiou Christos , Riga Evi , Zuccaro Giulio , Christou Petros
Published: April 2024

Arid and semi-arid regions, including Cyprus, are increasingly experiencing severe weather events due to climate change. These events, characterized by prolonged droughts and flash floods, pose significant challenges to the environment, economy, and societal well-being. This paper aims to analyze the challenges of Flood Risk Management (FRM) in dry areas, focusing on Cyprus as a case study. It reviews historical data on temperature and rainfall patterns, flood types, and severity to propose effective, nature-based mitigation measures. The study examines temperature and rainfall trends over the last 30 years in Cyprus, categorizes floods since 1859 based on severity, and identifies prevalent flood types. The investigation reveals a decrease in annual rainfall and an increase in average temperatures in Cyprus, leading to heightened flood risks. The study categorizes floods into fluvial, pluvial, flash, and coastal types, with pluvial floods being the most common due to urbanization. The paper underscores the role of community and individual participation in adopting nature-based solutions such as permeable materials, rain gardens, tree planting, and roof gardens. Addressing flood risks in Cyprus requires a combined effort of government initiatives and community engagement. The adoption of sustainable, eco-friendly practices can significantly mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on flood hazards. This holistic approach is imperative for enhancing resilience against future climate-related challenges in Cyprus and similar arid regions.
DENDROGEOMORPHIC ANALYSIS OF FLASH FLOODS IN A SMALL FOREST CATCHMENT
Authors: Uhrova Marie , Krecek Josef , Pazourkova Eva , Vritska Jiri
Published: April 2024

Flash floods represent one of the most significant natural hazards in headwater catchments facing the lack of systematic hydrological monitoring. This study focus on the detection of flash floods on growth disturbances detected at trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located in the torrential channel of the Holubi Potok stream in the Jizera Mountains (North Bohemia, Czech Republic). At the injured stems, flood scars were identified and core samples dated by tree ring analysis; the intensity of the disturbance clearly depends on geomorphology of the stream channel. These data were compared with 40 years of hydrometric measurements at the catchment outlet. The flood injuries were detected in the last 65 years, and those flood signs occurred on average every 12-13 years. All of them correspond with intensive summer rainstorms. Flood waves exceeding the gauging capacity or the period of hydrometric observation were reconstructed by HEC- HMS 4.4 and HEC-RAS 5.0.3 tools. The applied approach contributed to the extrapolation and correction of the standard flood frequency curve at the investigated catchment.
DERIVATION OF FLOOD HYDROGRAPHS IN UNGAUGED BASINS
Authors: Spahiu Santino , Kerpaci Andrin
Published: April 2024

Estimation of floods is of extreme importance in designing hydraulic structures and systems, as well as in flood management, including ecosystem recovery. Accurate derivation of flood hydrographs in ungauged basins has additional challenges. The aim of this paper is to estimate flood hydrographs with different return periods using a semidistributed hydrological model, in the ungauged River basin of Benca, Albania. Benca River is part of Vjosa River, which is considered the last wild river of Europe. A frequency analysis of annual maximum daily precipitation is conducted for all meteorological stations in the study area. Average precipitation depths are calculated by constructing Thiessen polygons. Storm hyetographs distributions are determined using regional information. For precipitation abstraction, the Curve Number method is applied. Spatial distribution of runoff curve numbers is computed through GIS analysis, based on average antecedent moisture conditions, and hydrological soil-cover complexes. The watershed is modelled via HEC-HMS software, schematized into subbasins, and reaches. For generating hydrographs in each subbasin, the synthetic unit hydrograph recommended by the Natural Resources Conservation Service is used. The stream channel routing methodology applied is the Muskingum method. Subsurface components are also defined. Model results include floods with different return periods, their hourly flow rates, respective volumes, peak discharges, shapes, thus giving a complete representation of flood magnitudes the basin. The findings are relevant to policymakers, researchers, and engineers in the region.
DESTRUCTION OF THE KAKHOVKA RESERVOIR AS A RESULT OF HOSTILITIES: DYNAMICS OF CHANGE AND CONSEQUENCES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandr , Sheviakina Natalia , Tomchenko Olha
Published: April 2024

The results of the study of the dynamics of changes in the territory of the Kakhovka reservoir before and after the explosion of the dam on June 6, 2023 are presented. This led to the destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir and the sharp flooding of significant areas downstream of the Dnieper River, including the delta. The analysis was carried out on two indicators: the water surface area and the water level. As a result of the analysis of space images, it was found that the area of the Kakhovka reservoir decreased by 80% from its original. The results of the analysis of the flooded area downstream of the Dnieper River from the dam showed that the water surface area at the peak of flooding increased 3.7 times and the water level has increased from 1 to 7 m above sea level. The destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir affected the fish population, local bird populations and nesting colonies of migratory birds, the bottom (benthos) and terrestrial fauna, the flora of the reservoir and the flora of the Dnieper River Delta. This disaster affected rare types of biotopes, there was also a decrease in the delta islands and partially their destruction. The lower reaches of the tributaries of the Dnieper River were flooded. The territories of the nature reserve fund, environmental objects and wetlands of international importance and the territories of the Emerald Network were especially affected. Contaminated fresh water came to the Black Sea. All this has disastrous consequences for the environment.
DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORPTIVE METHOD FOR REMOVAL OF AZITHROMYCIN FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT USING ACID-MODIFIED NATURAL ZEOLITES
Authors: Rubashvili Imeda , Ebralidze Ketevan , Zautashvili Marine , Tsitsishvili Vladimer
Published: April 2024

The present work is the first case where the adsorptive removal of the most commonly used antibiotic - azithromycin from aqueous solution as a model of wastewater treatment plant effluent by acid-modified natural zeolite - clinoptilolite has been investigated. The adsorption processes were carried out under static and dynamic conditions. The acid-modified form of the above-mentioned natural zeolite were obtained with hydrothermal treatment by using 2M hydrochloric acid solution. In order to investigate the adsorption dynamic process, there was used the specially constructed laboratory dynamic type instrument with a fixed bed adsorption glass column and a high-pressure pump. The effect of the inlet concentration, the flow rate and the pH value of the antibiotic influent solution, also, the contact time of system zeolite/antibiotic solution in the adsorption process were studied. The adsorption was evaluated using the Langmuir adsorption model. In order to determine quantitively azithromycin in influent and effluent solutions, a new effective and specific high performance liquid chromatography method was used. The results have been shown that the studied acid-modified clinoptilolite were characterized with high dynamic adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was mainly composed of electrostatic interaction between the zeolite surface and adsorbate - azithromycin. This study has been shown and proved that acid-modified natural clinoptilolite could be an efficient, eco-friendly, alternative and competitive adsorbent in terms of cheapness, selectivity and adsorption efficacy for the removal of azithromycin from hospital, pharmaceutical industrial wastewaters and wastewater treatment plant effluents.
DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NYMPHOIDES PELTATA (S.G. GMEL.) KUNTZE IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND CENOTIC CONDITIONS OF THE BASIN'S WATER BODIES DESNA RIVER (UKRAINE)
Authors: Skliar Iurii , Skliar Viktoriia , Sherstiuk Maryna , Zubtsova Inna
Published: April 2024

Nymphoides peltata is a typical representative of higher aquatic plants. Despite its wide geographical distribution, N. peltata is a rather rare species. The development of effective measures to protect a species in any territory is possible only if there is complete information on the status of its populations. Study of the size and morphological structure of plants plays an important role in the system of population studies. The purpose of this publication is to characterise the dimensional values of N. peltata plants growing in the waters of the Desna River basin and to assess the impact of the leading ecological and coenotic factors on them. Five N. peltata cenopopulations were studied. Morphometric analysis was used, which was accompanied by the recording of 12 static metric morphoparameters. The results of the study showed that N. peltata plants respond to changes in ecological and cenotic conditions with a statistically significant change in the values of the leading morphological parameters and total size. As a result, plants of a characteristic habit and morphostructure are formed in each habitat. Based on the results of the study of plant size and the assessment of the influence of the leading ecological and coenotic factors, it was found that the most favourable for the formation, growth and development of N. peltata coenopopulations are large floodplain lakes, which are characterised by the following set of indicators: no current, water depth of 30�80 cm, transparency of at least 75�80% of the maximum depth, muddy bottom sediments, and projective coverage of the species of 70�95%. The habitats of the Nymphoides peltata subpurum (floodplain lake) and Nymphoides peltata�Ceratophyllum demersum (floodplain lake) communities most closely correspond to the parameters of the ecological and cenotic optimum.
EFFICIENCY OF WATER PURIFICATION FROM THE FOOD INDUSTRY USING BIOCHAR
Authors: Suchankova Jana , Roupcova Petra , Slany Jan
Published: April 2024

Today, more than in the past, water is considered a very valuable resource. Efforts to use it efficiently are growing. One method of using water efficiently is wastewater treatment. Well-treated water minimises negative impacts after discharge into a watercourse, i.e., within or adjacent to aquatic ecosystems, or can be reused, for example, in the form of drinking water. This study focuses on the possibility of treating food industry water using biochar as a sorption medium. Biochar from wood pulp (100%) was used for the experiments. The wastewater collected was a mixture from two production plants, focussing on aspics, fish spreads, or cheese processing. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the efficiency of the sorption properties of a specific type of biochar in terms of its weighting of different masses for an identical volume of wastewater and also in terms of different sorption times (time dependence). The efficiency was addressed in the context of the determination of the chemical oxygen demand with the oxidising agent potassium dichromate (CODCr method). The highest efficiency was achieved in the experiment with a load of 2 g of sorption reagent per litre of wastewater. No trend was demonstrated in the efficiency change with respect to the time of contact of the sorbent with the water.
FLOODING ASSESSMENT OF SALT MINING AREAS TO REDUCE THE THREAT OF TRANSBOUNDARY SPREAD OF SALINE POLLUTION
Authors: Stadnichenko Svitlana , Kril Tetiana , Siumar Natalia , Shekhunova Stella
Published: April 2024

The former mining of rock and potassium salt deposits in Transcarpathia and Nearcarpathia (western Ukraine) has a potential impact on water resources and the transboundary spread of saline pollution (e.g. Solotvyno rock salt deposit on the banks of the Tisza River on the Ukraine-Romania border; Kalush-Golyn potassium-magnesium salt deposit in the Dniester River basin). The threat of pollution spreading increases during floods, flash floods, and flooding. The aim of the study is to determine the extent of possible flooding based on the analysis of natural and man-made factors and using remote sensing data. The probabilistic, comparative-analytical and statistical methods, mechanical and mathematical bases of engineering geology in a complex with system analysis approaches were used in research. Geological, engineering-geological, hydrogeological and remote sensing data (Sentinel-1A) have been processed using a geoinformation system to the database of indicators of flooding processes. The territory is ranked according to the probability of flooding. The probability of flooding varies from 0.03 to 0.75 within the floodplain of Tisza river, 0.8-1.0 in places with a high groundwater level at settlement. The highlighted areas by GRD processing images (Sentinel-1A mission) according to the data of 2 flash floods indicate the probable places for flooding development in additional abnormal synoptic precipitation. The water mineralisation assessment on the flooding risk zones was based on the data of hydrological stations and wells for the Quaternary aquifer. The mapping shows that the flood zone includes areas of increased mineralisation (up to 13 g/l), but in the conditions of significant water inflow during a flood, the capture of such mineralisation would not lead to chloride concentration increase in the river after the flood. The developed schemes are proposed for use by municipal authorities in risk management programs.
ICE PIER FOR WATER TRANSPORT
Authors: Andreeva Sofiya , Kudyashova Elena , Saveleva Viktoriia
Published: April 2024

Water transport in icy environments necessitates specialized infrastructure to facilitate safe and efficient movement. Ice piers, vital components in these regions, serve as critical pathways over frozen water bodies, enabling the traversal of ships and vessels. This overview encapsulates the scientific exploration of ice piers, focusing on their design, construction, functionality, and the advancements revolutionizing water transport in challenging icy terrains. The design of ice piers requires a holistic approach that considers various environmental factors, including ice thickness, temperature fluctuations, water currents, and load-bearing capacities. Structural engineers employ advanced modeling techniques and materials to ensure the stability and resilience of these structures under diverse conditions. Construction methodologies, ranging from traditional snow compaction to modern prefabricated modular units, underscore the diverse approaches used to build these piers. Innovative technologies play a pivotal role in the maintenance and sustainability of ice piers. Freezing/heating systems embedded within these structures, coupled monitoring ice conditions and facilitating timely maintenance. The article delves into the environmental impact of ice piers and emphasizes sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly materials and renewable energy sources, to minimize ecological disturbances. Work underlines existing challenges and outlines future research directions, emphasizing the need for materials, predictive models, and smart technologies to enhance the resilience and adaptability of ice piers.
ICE RELATED CHALENGES FOR WATER TRANSPORT
Authors: Andreeva Sofiya , Saveleva Viktoriia , Kudyashova Elena
Published: April 2024

Water transport in icy conditions presents intricate challenges that significantly impact navigability, safety, and operational efficiency. This article delves into the complexities of navigating icy waters, focusing on the diverse forms and compositions of ice that pose formidable obstacles to maritime operations. Pack ice, icebergs, and frazil ice represent distinct challenges, restricting access, threatening safety, and impeding the fluidity of water transport routes. The challenges for water transport in icy conditions encompass reduced navigability, safety concerns arising from potential collisions, economic implications affecting shipping schedules and trade, and environmental impacts stemming from ice management strategies. However, innovative technologies and strategic approaches have emerged to address these challenges. Advanced ice detection systems, specialized icebreaker vessels, thermal de-icing techniques, and innovative hull designs offer promising solutions to mitigate the impact of ice accumulation on vessels. The overview article explores these technological advancements and strategic measures employed in ice management, emphasizing their role in enhancing safety and efficiency in navigating icy waters. Furthermore, the integration of remote sensing, autonomous technologies, and weather forecasting models enhances situational awareness, aiding in the development of safer navigation routes through ice-prone areas. Understanding and effectively addressing the complexities of ice-related challenges in water transport are essential for devising comprehensive strategies that prioritize safety, operational efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This exploration seeks to offer insights into the multifaceted nature of ice navigation challenges, emphasizing the importance of innovative solutions to ensure the continuity and safety of maritime operations in icy conditions.
METHODOLOGY OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN OUTFLOW UNIT DISCHARGES EVALUATION FOR WATERSHEDS WITHOUT MONITORING POINTS
Authors: Tretyakov Victor , Klubov Stepan , Nikulkina Anna , Dimitriev Vasiliy
Published: April 2024

Anthropogenic eutrophication is the main ecological problem of the Baltic Sea. However, there are many rivers entering the sea without monitoring points. The paper presents methodology for evaluation of the total phosphorus and nitrogen discharges outflow unit discharges from catchment areas of such rivers. As example, we consider Russian part of the Finnish Gulf catchment area. The first stage of the methodology consists in determination of partial catchment areas of rivers with water runoff and the biogenic elements concentrations monitoring points. We must determine the watersheds upstream the monitoring points. The next stage of the exploration is determination of the watersheds spatial landscape structure and the relief features. The stages are processed by GIS-technologies. The same processing must be applied to catchment areas of the rivers without monitoring points. Thus, it is necessary comparison of the watersheds parameters of both the above-mentioned types by means of cluster analysis. As the result, we must determine analogue watersheds of the rivers with the monitoring points for the catchment areas without the points. Of course, the watersheds must have similar landscape structures and relief parameters. At the exploration next stage, we calculate the unit discharges from the analogue watersheds on the base of the monitoring data. The final exploration stage consists in evaluation of the biogenic elements outflow from the watersheds of the rivers without the monitoring points. The research results can be used for planning of actions for marine ecosystems biodiversity keeping and the water resources maintenance for fishery and recreation.
MICROPOLLUTANTS IN WATER FROM SURFACE RUNOFF AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hrudka Jaroslav , Wittmanova Reka , Skuletyova Ivona , Kollar Adam , Stanko Stefan
Published: April 2024

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas have an enormous impact on the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent long-term dry periods, extreme downpours with large quantities or long-lasting rains are an extreme problem for efficient water management in cities. Extreme changes in the weather also result in a risk to the environment when soaking in or relieving highly contaminated water from the first flush. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution, in which various types of pollutants are concentrated. In our research, we focus on the evaluation of water quality from surface runoff with an emphasis on concentrations of micropollutants on a global scale. The article is focused on research in the subject area and is a summary of the current view on the issue of micropollutants in water from surface runoff. Research in the field of pollution focuses on the evaluation of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, non-polar extractable substances, halogen organic compounds or nitrogenous pollution.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF HYDROLOGY TO PREVENT CRISIS PHENOMENA AND EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS
Authors: Kollar Boris , Haluskova Bronislava , Novakova Karin , Ristvej Josef
Published: April 2024

Climate change brings a number of risks. Increasing numbers of weather fluctuations, floods, extreme heat and droughts have potential to endanger people's lives, health and property. The paper presents modern technologies and possible use in the field of hydrology connected to disaster management. Main attention is paid to the use of innovative technologies for the needs of protecting and prevent population from hydrological risks. Currently, the trend of introducing new technologies is clear, due to adapting to the challenges of today's digital age, thanks to their versatile usability and intelligent technological solutions. Tools for monitoring, analysing and evaluating extraordinary events caused by climate change are a basic prerequisite for their management and successful management. It primarily involves use of various sensors and radars for data collection, geographic information systems that enable spatial analysis and visualization, but also information systems and application software for creating models and simulations. Thanks to progress in development in the field of information technology, today it is also possible to use the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence or a DT to make predictions and create models. The mentioned tools represent an effective means of managing risks, planning and the necessary response of the responsible entities in the area of population and environmental protection, but also in the adoption of adaptation measures against the manifestations of climate change. It is important to minimize risks and damages to society and the ecosystem, always looking for innovative solutions in improvement that would contribute to environmental sustainability and progress, which is also the intention of this contribution.
POPULATION ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE FLOODPLAIN OF THE SEIM RIVER (SUMY REGION, UKRAINE)
Authors: Zubtsova Inna , Skliar Viktoriia
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of population studies conducted in the floodplain of the Seim River within Sumy region, Ukraine. The ontogenetic and vitality structures populations of Potentilla erecta and Althaea officinalis. During the study, the following methods were used: the geobotanical method, morphometric analysis, complex vitality analysis. In general, for the region of research on P. erect� priority is the introduction of active protection measures aimed at increasing the distribution centers and the formation of high-quality (with a significant area of the population field, population density, severity of invasive processes and belonging to the category of prosperous) populations capable of sustainable existence and self-maintenance. Based on the results of ontogenetic and vitality structures, the A. officinalis population, three populations can be considered as potential as potential cells of regulated procurement of medicinal raw materials: from the associations Scirpetum (sylvatici) ranunculosum (acris), Scirpetum (sylvatici) lycoposum (europaei), Caricetum (acutae) agrostidosum (stoloniferae). They are distinguished not only by belonging to the category of prosperous, but also by high values of population density, significant values of recovery indices.
STUDY OF THE HYDROLOGICAL, TERRAIN AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS FOR THE DEVASTATING FLOOD AT THE SOUTHERN BLACK SEA COAST OF BULGARIA ON 4-6 SEPTEMBER 2023
Authors: Nitcheva Olga , Shopova Donka , Vatralova Albena , Koutev Veselin , Dobreva Polya
Published: April 2024

Heavy rainfall in the summer have become more frequent, and when they occur over the coastal region, the cumulative hazardous pressure leads to floods, loss of physical life and socio-economic impact. Such is the disaster due to the floods in Tsarevo at the end of summer 2023. The paper contains a conceptual analysis of hydrological and meteorological conditions, land cover and use, and institutional preparedness to deal with dangerous floods. It is prepared on the basis of the data from Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, NCEP Reanalysis, EFAS�EC (European Flood Awareness System), IMERG�NASA (Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM), national hydro-meteorological measurements and CLM model study. The results of the research show that in addition to severe weather conditions, the human factor has contributed to the disaster situation - inadequate information to the population, problems with the dams around Tsarevo, over urbanization, failures in critical infrastructure maintenance, unavailable public information for surface and groundwater monitoring.
THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION AND ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Smuleac Laura , Pascalau Raul , Smuleac Adrian , Imbrea Florian , Lato Alina
Published: April 2024

Water pollution and climate change are two of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, and their interconnection is increasingly evident. Water pollution and climate change are interconnected in various ways. The release of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, is a significant driver of global warming. These gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, leading to rising global temperatures, which, in turn, affect water resources. Warmer temperatures exacerbate water pollution by increasing the prevalence of harmful algal blooms, the degradation of water quality, and disruptions in aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, climate change-induced extreme weather events like floods and droughts can intensify water pollution by causing the runoff of pollutants into water bodies. Preventing water pollution is an essential component of mitigating climate change. Furthermore, the preservation of healthy ecosystems plays a vital role in both preventing water pollution and addressing climate change. Wetlands and forests act as carbon sinks, sequestering carbon dioxide, while also filtering pollutants from runoff. Protecting and restoring these ecosystems is a win-win strategy for combatting both issues simultaneously. These global challenges require integrated strategies that recognize the symbiotic relationship between them. By implementing effective pollution control measures, reducing carbon emissions, and protecting vital ecosystems, we can make significant strides in combating these urgent issues and ensuring a sustainable future for our planet.
VOLUMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL EROSION AND ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN LOCALITY IN TERMS OF RUNOFF AND EROSION CONDITIONS
Authors: Bursik Lukas , Dumbrovsky Miroslav , Sobotkova Veronika , Kulihova Martina
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is volumetric quantification of soil erosion using the so-called erosion bridge. For the measurement, a locality in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic was chosen. With the erosion bridge, we can measure erosion rills. Rill erosion is caused by concentrated water flow. It occurs when runoff water forms small channels as it concentrates down a slope. The erosion bridge is a very simple device that enables us to accurately measure the shape of the soil surface in a given place. It was designed and created at the Institute of Landscape Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. The erosion bridge consists, besides other parts, of a rectangular steel frame to which needles are attached. These needles are lowered onto the terrain, copying its profile. Using this method, we get photos of the profile of the terrain, which are subsequently evaluated using a software program and exported into a DXF file that can be opened in AutoCAD. It is then possible to calculate soil loss. This paper also deals with the analysis of the chosen locality in terms of runoff and erosion conditions. This analysis was made by using geographic information systems, mainly ArcGIS Pro software program.
WATER SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE SDGS AND THE RECOVERY AND RESILIENCE PLAN
Authors: Majernikova Ivana , Ciderova Denisa , Sakacova Simona , Cernak Jozef
Published: April 2024

Water is one of the basic necessities of life. However, water crises have become more frequent around the world as billions of people continue to suffer from a lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene. Water is a limited resource that has been in growing demand � with the world's population increasing and water-intensive economic development continuing, infrastructure of many countries is not fit to meet accelerating demand. With climate change and its variability fluctuations in rainfall and extreme temperatures occur, causing shorter rain seasons and longer dry periods � making water and its availability more unpredictable. These changes have a serious impact on lives and livelihoods. Water is essential in all sectors for the production of food, energy, goods, and services. Over the past century, global water consumption has increased at more than twice the rate of population growth. Many water sources are drying up, more polluted, or both. The European Environment Agency (EEA) defines water stress as a situation where there is not enough water of sufficient quality to meet the needs of the people and of the environment. Lack of water is a relative term, the amount of water that is physically available changes as supply and demand change. Water scarcity intensifies when demand increases and/or when water supply is affected by declining quantity or quality. Water, energy and food security are key to sustainable long-term economic development and human well-being. The water, energy and food nexus focuses on decision-making in the complex linkages between systems that produce, supply and use goods and resources. The purpose of assessing such linkages is to identify untapped potential of synergies, such as in the case of water- and energy-related measures and the consequent impact of coordinated measures in contrast to uncoordinated measures. Based on the application of scientific methods in relation to the investigation of sustainability in water resources (the �W� Matrix in the framework of the Water- Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus) on the background of quantitative & qualitative sustainable development and CSR trends, the main aim of our paper is to assess sustainability in water resources in the context of the WEF nexus as well as in the light of the United Nations 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in order to formulate opportunities arising from the European Union Recovery and Resilience Plans. When documenting quantitative & qualitative sustainable development trends in the context of the WEF Nexus, our paper addressed the United Nations 2030 Agenda (alias �SDG diplomacy�) as well as the NextGenerationEU Agenda (alias �Green Deal diplomacy�).
AMAZON DEFORESTATION, CLIMATE LAW AND THE PRINCIPLE OF ECOLOGICAL SOLIDARITY: A COMMON BRAZILIAN AGENDA
Authors: Ferra Junior Ari Rogerio
Published: April 2024

Climate change is a topic of worldwide relevance, not only because of the recent heat waves affecting the globe as a whole but also because of the importance of conserving the ecologically balanced environment itself. Climate is a vital aspect of human survival and ecological balance. With this in mind, the world is turning its attention to Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, the target of recurrent attacks that have resulted in high percentages of deforestation. It is known that since the signing of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty by the eight countries of the Amazon biome, many new challenges have arisen; however, the main commitment signed in the treaty of July 1978 remains a common commitment (and agenda) for the preservation and conservation of the environment and the rational use of the Amazon's natural resources. In addition to preserving the Amazon territory, the development of the Amazon territory is prioritized in order to achieve sustainable development. As a result, deforestation liabilities must be tackled and combated through reforestation and ecological restoration. According to preliminary government data from the Space Research Institute, deforestation alerts in the Amazon may have fallen by 39 percent in the first half of 2023. What emerges within the topics of climate change and consequent climate litigation is climate law as a means of resisting and confronting the climate crisis. Nevertheless, the Brazilian government itself was ordered by the Supreme Court to take action because of omissions by the Brazilian government responsible for the increase in deforestation in the Amazon in relation to the Climate Fund and the paralyzing of the Amazon Fund. As a response to climate litigation, what is assumed to be necessary is an understanding of the so-called ecological Constitution and the duty to sustainable development, and ecological solidarity in a broad normative perspective, in its governmental actions and not being silent on environmental positions; in addition, Brazil's commitment to its own normative order, to international treaties and agendas, such as Agenda 2030, must be part of the Brazilian agenda in order to regain environmental prominence. To achieve the expected goals, the methodology used is bibliographical, documentary, and exploratory, using the deductive method.
ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS OF WAR ON ECOSYSTEMS OF PROTECTED AREAS UKRAINE
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandr , Vishnyakov Vyacheslav , Sheviakina Natalia , Klymenko Viktoriia , Zahorodnia Snizhana
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of satellite remote sensing to assess the consequences of hostilities in nature protected areas. Since February 24, 2022, 20% of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine has suffered from the war. The real level of damage to the objects of the nature reserve fund as a result of the war cannot be estimated. After all, active hostilities continue, and restrictions are created for environmental activities in the temporarily occupied territories. Therefore, remote monitoring is the only tool for studying changes in the occupied protected areas and territories on the front line. To analyze satellite data, advanced image processing methods were used, including algorithms for detecting changes and classification based on a series of satellite images of the Sentinel-2A, SkySat and WorldView 01-03 missions, with a spatial resolution of 10 to 0.5 meters. It was found in places of violation of the surface layer of soil by vents, numerous fortifications (trenches, trenches, dugouts), burned out, the tracks were formed due to the active movement of military equipment. The obtained result makes it possible to understand which territories are most affected by hostilities, including the destruction of vegetation, changes in soil cover. The results of the study contribute to understanding the environmental consequences of hostilities and are a valuable tool for managing the environment for post-war recovery in Ukraine.
CARBON DYNAMICS IN DECIDUOUS FORESTS ON ORGANIC SOILS: ASSESSING FOREST OFFSET IN RESPONSE TO DRAINAGE DISRUPTION
Authors: Bickovskis Karlis , Samariks Valters , Jansons Aris
Published: April 2024

Forest ecosystems are essential when dealing with climate change mitigation goals. Carbon stock of forest stand can hold substantial amounts of carbon as well products made from wood provide substitution effect, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Silvicultural practices, such as drainage, have proven to be highly efficient of enhancing tree volume, aligning with climate change mitigation goals. As forest drainage disruption for rewetting of drained areas gains momentum with appealing goals such as enhancing biological diversity and restoring natural ecosystems, it becomes imperative to account for the consequential trade-offs. While these efforts hold promise for achieving ecological objectives, it is crucial to recognize that carbon sequestration dynamics within these areas may undergo significant alterations. Notably, the years required to offset carbon losses resulting from deadwood formation may no longer align with climate change mitigation targets, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between drainage disruption, carbon dynamics, and climate goals. Aim of the study was to quantify carbon dynamics in tree carbon pool 15 years after drainage disruption. Our central research question revolves around understanding when newly established forest can offset carbon losses resulting from deadwood formation and decay in their predecessors. Our findings suggest that, on average, the new forest stand is poised to offset these losses in approximately 12-15 years. These insights are critical for forest management strategies aimed at maximizing carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts.
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF QUERCUS CANARIENSIS FROM THE OULED BECHIH FOREST OF ALGERIA
Authors: Malika Rached-Kanouni , Karimara Kara , Lilia Redjaimia , Boutheyna Touafchia , Alia Zerrouki
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this study is to analyze the demographic structure and spatial distribution of Quercus canariensis populations in the Ouled Bechih forest in northeastern Algeria. Knowledge of these parameters is an essential step in their sustainable management. Sample inventory plots measuring 30m x 30m (900m2) were identified by random sampling. Tree diameter at 1.30 m above the ground and total height of Q. canariensis were measured for each tree in four inventory plots. The demographic structures were established according to the classes of diameter and height and adjusted to the theoretical distribution of Weibull. The results show that the highest values of density (178 individuals/ha) and basal area (37.87 m2/ha) were respectively obtained in plots P2 and P1; while the highest values of Lorey's average height (18.56 m) and quadratic diameter (73.67 cm) were obtained in plot 1. The diameter and height structures show a concentration of adult individuals throughout the stands of this forest. The demographic analysis shows that the diameter structure of plots 1 and 3 present a left asymmetrical distribution, characteristic of monospecific stands with a predominance of old individuals with values of the coefficient c of 4.782 and 5.352 respectively. The values of c for plots 2 and 4 are less than 3.6; these values are of the order of 2.427 (P2) and 3.227 (P4). The distribution according to the diameter of these plots shows a right asymmetrical, characteristic of monospecific stands with a predominance of young individuals. Analysis of the height structure of these stands shows that plot 3 has a "c" value of less than 3.6 while the values of the other plots are greater than 3.6; this result attests to a predominance of tall individuals (10 to 15 m). In the perspective of rehabilitation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems, this study provides additional information on the current state of Quercus canariensis stands in the Ouled Bechih forest.
DYNAMICS OF PINE FOREST STRUCTURE ON A PEAT BOG REVEALS HALF-CENTENNIAL FOREST DECAY AND ONGOING SUCCESSION (DARWIN BIOSPHERE RESERVE, NW RUSSIA)
Authors: Mukhin Andrej , Sadokov Dmtrii , Akhmetshina Lera , Bykovskaia Elena , Koniaeva Olga
Published: April 2024

Bogs of Darwin Biosphere reserve (southern NW Russia) represent sustain ecosystem balance on an outstandingly large scale. Dynamics of the bog metabolism and structure should be estimated both under the influence of the Rybinsk reservoir and beyond it (in terms of natural evolution), although these cannot always be distinguished clearly. Forested bog areas are most sensible ecosystems to trace decadal or centennial dynamics of the landcover. Longstanding observations of the geobotanical and forest structure have been continuously performed in Darwin Nature Biosphere reserve from 1947 to 2012 within a series of the model grounds. Changes of parameters of sphagnous pinewood through 65 years are overviewed, based on the on-site censuses and, partially, remote sensing data. During the first decades of observations (1947-1991) the accounted forest stand gained maturity, and ultimately tree died off numerously. Pinewood shrinkage was noticed in 1990-s, due to the reached tree age limits (in bog conditions), and the durative drought to have affected those years. At present mature and undergrowth pine stand covers almost 1.7 times less of the surrounding 500-area around the model ground, than 40-50 years ago, mainly due to the tree dying off in 1990-2000. A 20-year forest regrowth brings repopulation of pine on the site, which gradually spreads over the bog around the model ground. The assessed changes of qualitative and quantitative properties of the microlandscape enable to trace ecosystem function transformation on the local level, i.e., enhancement of peat soil humidity, hygrophytic vegetation appearance, and reformation of habitats suitable for bog-nesting birds, as the pine forest decayed.
EVALUATION OF ONTOGENETIC AND VITAL STRUCTURES OF STELLIARIA HOLOSTEA L. IN BEECH FORESTS IN THE SOUTH OF LOW SAXONY, GERMANY
Authors: Yaroshenko Nataliia , Skliar Viktoriia , Rosenthal Gert
Published: April 2024

In this study, we conducted the plant population investigations in the Goettingen forest, located in Low Saxony, Germany, from 2022 to 2023. Our research focused on six distinct populations of Stellaria holostea L. across six plots within the forest. These plots encompassed varying tree species and forest management conditions, including a young beech managed forest (Plot #1), a virgin beech forest (Plot #2), and four managed old beech forest plots (Plots #3-6) subjected to different anthropogenic influences. To assess these coenopopulations' ontogenetic and vitality structures, we employed a range of scientific methodologies, including geobotanical description, morphometry analysis, complex vitality assessment, and statistical data analysis. Morphometric analyses allowed us to discern the characteristic size parameters of S. holostea plants within each specific habitat. Notably, our findings revealed that the ontogenetic spectra of S. holostea in areas varying in the intensity of anthropogenic influence exhibited incompleteness, except in the virgin forest plot, where all ontogenetic stages were observed. We conducted a factor analysis to gauge vitality, identifying critical morphological parameters unique to each population. Our results indicated a pronounced level of resilience in coenopopulations residing in areas devoid of forestry activities. Specifically, five of the six S. holostea populations were classified as having low vitality (class c). In contrast, the highest vitality class (class a) was predominantly observed among the populations residing in the virgin forest. This study, utilizing S. holostea as an exemplar species, highlights the considerable disruption that forestry management imparts upon the herbaceous layer of forest ecosystems and underscores the resultant degradation in population quality.