bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Resistance to Substance Use and a Research Approach: The Resist! Project
Authors: Vanyukov Michael M. , Maes Hermine H. M. , Iacono William G. , Kirisci Levent , Samek Diana R. , Silberg Judy L. , Zimmerman Emily B. , Prom-Wormley Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2023

Illicit substance use is dangerous in both acute and chronic forms, frequently resulting in lethal poisoning, addiction, and other negative consequences. Similar to research in other psychiatric conditions, whose ultimate goal is to enable effective prevention and treatment, studies in substance use are focused on factors elevating the risk for the disorder. The rapid growth of the substance use problem despite the effort invested in fighting it, however, suggests the need in changing the research approach. Instead of attempting to identify risk factors, whose neutralization is often infeasible if not impossible, it may be more promising to systematically reverse the perspective to the factors enhancing the aspect of liability to disorder that shares the same dimension but is opposite to risk, that is, resistance to substance use. Resistance factors, which enable the majority of the population to remain unaffected despite the ubiquity of psychoactive substances, may be more amenable to translation. While the resistance aspect of liability is symmetric to risk, the resistance approach requires substantial changes in sampling (high-resistance rather than high-risk) and using quantitative indices of liability. This article provides an overview and a practical approach to research in resistance to substance use/addiction, currently implemented in a NIH-funded project. The project benefits from unique opportunities afforded by the data originating from two longitudinal twin studies, the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent and Behavioral Development and the Minnesota Twin Family Study. The methodology described is also applicable to other psychiatric disorders.
Power, Self-Esteem, and Body Image
Authors: Körner Robert , Schütz Astrid
Published: March 2023

Abstract: We expected power – the perceived capacity to influence others – to be an antecedent of positive body image because power is closely linked to self-esteem, which in turn is linked to body image. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 318), sense of power was positively related to body appreciation and satisfaction with one’s appearance. Self-esteem partially mediated this effect. In an experimental study ( N = 114), participants assigned to a high-power group indicated more body appreciation, reported more body satisfaction, and estimated themselves to be taller than participants assigned to a low-power group. Self-esteem mediated all the effects. Altogether, power affected body image directly but also indirectly through elevated self-esteem. Implications refer to clinical prevention and intervention programs.
Improved Performance of High‐Resolution Climate Models in Simulating Asian Monsoon Rainfall Extremes
Authors: You Yujia , Ting Mingfang
Published: March 2023

Rainfall extremes are one of the most difficult features to simulate using global climate models. Using pairs of high‐ and low‐resolution atmosphere‐only simulations from the High‐Resolution Model Intercomparison Project, we assess whether and how the horizontal grid spacing influences model's skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon rainfall extremes. Despite the large inter‐model spread, improved model performance is seen across most models as resolution increases, both in terms of spatial distribution and intensity of monsoon rainfall extremes. Rainfall extremes are enhanced at the windward side of steep topography such as the foothills of Himalayas, and in the heavy monsoon regions such as central India, southern China, and western North Pacific. The improvements are found to be associated with a better representation of the vertical ascents and models' ability in simulating the rain‐producing synoptic low‐pressure systems, which are more frequent and stronger at higher resolutions.
Detection and Characterization of Earthquake Swarms in Nankai and Its Association With Slow Slip Events
Authors: Guo Yicun , Zhuang Jiancang , Zhang Huai
Published: March 2023

Various types of slow earthquakes occur in the Nankai subduction zone, among which the slow slip events (SSEs) seem to connect the shallow and deep part of the subduction plate and further trigger seismic or aseismic transients in surrounding areas. This study uses a version of space‐time epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model with non‐stationary background rate to detect earthquake swarms that may be related to SSEs in the Nankai region. We detect 999 swarm sequences including 13,387 earthquakes, accounting for about 18 percent of all M ≥ 1.0 earthquakes in the selected region along the Nankai trough. The detected swarms are mostly distributed in the Hyuga‐nada, Bungo Channel, Kii Channel, and Tokai regions, forming a complementary pattern to SSEs. Nearly 70 percent of swarm events are located in western Nankai, with the southern part characterized by a higher occurrence rate, which is consistent with the smaller recurrence interval of SSEs in this region. By comparing occurrence times of swarm events to those of SSEs, we find that some SSEs are accompanied by enhanced swarm activities during their occurrence periods. In addition, the swarm rates increase to higher levels in the southern part of western Nankai during the 2003 and 2010 Bungo SSEs, indicating the high sensitivity of earthquake swarms to the migrations of slow earthquakes in this region.
Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Caldwell Matthew , Hughes Megan , Wei Fei , Ngo Christopher , Pascua Raven , Pugazhendhi Abinaya Sindu , Coathup Melanie J.
Published: March 2023

Due to the rise in our aging population, a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the elderly is forecast. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TJA, and as the number of primary and revision TJAs continues to rise, an increasing PJI burden is projected. Despite advances in operating room sterility, antiseptic protocols, and surgical techniques, approaches to prevent and treat PJI remain difficult, primarily due to the formation of microbial biofilms. This difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial strategy. The dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids (D-AAs) are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall, providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of species. Among many tasks, D-AAs regulate cell morphology, spore germination, and bacterial survival, evasion, subversion, and adhesion in the host immune system. When administered exogenously, accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation; furthermore, D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm disassembly. This presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic approaches. Despite their emerging antibacterial efficacy, their role in disrupting PJI biofilm formation, the disassembly of established TJA biofilm, and the host bone tissue response remains largely unexplored. This review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of TJAs. Data to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PJI.
Are the standards of professionalism expected in dentistry justified? Views of dental professionals and the public
Authors: Barrow Hannah , Bartlett Sophie , Bullock Alison , Cowpe Jonathan
Published: March 2023

Introduction In the UK, the General Dental Council specifies nine principles of professional standards that dental registrants must follow. There are views that such standards are high, patients' expectations are rising, and the professionalism of dental professionals is increasingly scrutinised. This paper explores whether the high standards expected in dentistry are justified.

Methods We applied thematic analysis to 772 free-text responses from dental team members and the public to a modified Delphi survey. Respondents described their views of professional and unprofessional behaviours in dentistry. Data were obtained as part of a larger review of professionalism in dentistry.

Results Two lines of argument were identified: professionalism standards are high, but justifiably so; and professionalism standards are too high. Within these, four broad themes emerged: patient trust; comparison with other professions; a culture of fear; and perfection.

Conclusion High professionalism standards are justified in a profession where patient trust is paramount. However, a problem lies in the culture that surrounds professionalism in terms of litigation and dental professionals feel pressure to possess an unattainable, infallible nature. These negative impacts need minimising. We suggest that undergraduates and continuing professional development approach professionalism with care, to foster a supportive, positive and reflective culture of professionalism.
PTPN14 promotes gastric cancer progression by PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Hui , Guan Bingxin , Liu Sen , Liu Haiting , Song Lin , Zhang Guohao , Zhao Ruinan , Zhou Chengjun , Gao Peng
Published: March 2023

Gastric cancer is a high molecular heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Although gastric cancer is a hot area of medical research, the mechanism of gastric cancer occurrence and development is still unclear. New strategies for treating gastric cancer need to be further explored. Protein tyrosine phosphatases play vital roles in cancer. A growing stream of studies shows that strategies or inhibitors targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases have been developed. PTPN14 belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase subfamily. As an inert phosphatase, PTPN14 has very poor activity and mainly functions as a binding protein through its FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain or PPxY motif. The online database indicated that PTPN14 may be a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer. However, the function and underlying mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer remain unclear. We collected gastric cancer tissues and detected the expression of PTPN14. We found that PTPN14 was elevated in gastric cancer. Further correlation analysis indicated that PTPN14 was relevant with the T stage and cTNM (clinical tumor node metastasis classification) stage. The survival curve analysis showed that gastric cancer patients with higher PTPN14 expression had a shorter survival time. In addition, we illustrated that CEBP/β (CCAAT enhanced binding protein beta) could transcriptionally activate PTPN14 expression in gastric cancer. The highly expressed PTPN14 combined with NFkB (nuclear factor Kappa B) through its FERM domain and accelerated NFkB nucleus translocation. Then, NFkB promoted the transcription of PI3KA and initiated the PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, we established mice models to validate the function and the molecular mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer. In summary, our results illustrated the function of PTPN14 in gastric cancer and demonstrated the potential mechanisms. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to better understand the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
A nanogenerator based on metal nanoparticles and magnetic ionic gradients
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Xiao Tao , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Xing , Yan Yong
Published: March 2023

Developing a new technique/method and/or mechanism for separating ionic charges is critical to the fabrication of a high-performance nanogenerator. Inspired by charge migration and/or separation under an electric bias, herein, we demonstrate a reverse process in which the ionic charge gradients within a metal nanoparticle film are used to output electrical energy. The metal nanoparticle core is ‘jammed’ within the film, while the counterion itself is mobile and magnetic; therefore, ionic gradients are created through an external magnetic field. The distribution gradient of magnetic counterions is subsequently transformed into an electric potential within the metal nanoparticle film and into an electron flow in the external circuit. The performance of the nanoparticle nanogenerator is also optimized, and the highest output open-circuit voltage reaches 0.55 V. Finally, we develop a continuum charge-transport model combining Poisson and Nernst‒Planck diffusion equations to simulate the production of electrical energy within metal nanoparticle films.
Population genomics and conservation management of the threatened black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) in northern Australia
Authors: von Takach Brenton , Sargent Holly , Penton Cara E. , Rick Kate , Murphy Brett P. , Neave Georgina , Davies Hugh F. , Hill Brydie M. , Banks Sam C.
Published: March 2023

Genomic diversity is a fundamental component of Earth’s total biodiversity, and requires explicit consideration in efforts to conserve biodiversity. To conserve genomic diversity, it is necessary to measure its spatial distribution, and quantify the contribution that any intraspecific evolutionary lineages make to overall genomic diversity. Here, we describe the range-wide population genomic structure of a threatened Australian rodent, the black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii), aiming to provide insight into the timing and extent of population declines across a large region with a dearth of long-term monitoring data. By estimating recent trajectories in effective population sizes at four localities, we confirm widespread population decline across the species’ range, but find that the population in the peri-urban area of the Darwin region has been more stable. Based on current sampling, the Melville Island population made the greatest contribution to overall allelic richness of the species, and the prioritisation analysis suggested that conservation of the Darwin and Cobourg Peninsula populations would be the most cost-effective scenario to retain more than 90% of all alleles. Our results broadly confirm current sub-specific taxonomy, and provide crucial data on the spatial distribution of genomic diversity to help prioritise limited conservation resources. Along with additional sampling and genomic analysis from the far eastern and western edges of the black-footed tree-rat distribution, we suggest a range of conservation and research priorities that could help improve black-footed tree-rat population trajectories at large and fine spatial scales, including the retention and expansion of structurally complex habitat patches.
A global synthesis of high-resolution stable isotope data from benthic foraminifera of the last deglaciation
Authors: Muglia Juan , Mulitza Stefan , Repschläger Janne , Schmittner Andreas , Lembke-Jene Lester , Lisiecki Lorraine , Mix Alan , Saraswat Rajeev , Sikes Elizabeth , Waelbroeck Claire , Gottschalk Julia , Lippold Jörg , Lund David , Martinez-Mendez Gema , Michel Elisabeth , Muschitiello Francesco , Naik Sushant , Okazaki Yusuke , Stott Lowell , Voelker Antje , Zhao Ning
Published: March 2023

We present the first version of the Ocean Circulation and Carbon Cycling (OC3) working group database, of oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios from benthic foraminifera in deep ocean sediment cores from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23-19 ky) to the Holocene (<10 ky) with a particular focus on the early last deglaciation (19-15 ky BP). It includes 287 globally distributed coring sites, with metadata, isotopic and chronostratigraphic information, and age models. A quality check was performed for all data and age models, and sites with at least millennial resolution were preferred. Deep water mass structure as well as differences between the early deglaciation and LGM are captured by the data, even though its coverage is still sparse in many regions. We find high correlations among time series calculated with different age models at sites that allow such analysis. The database provides a useful dynamical approach to map physical and biogeochemical changes of the ocean throughout the last deglaciation.
Genetic variation in salt taste receptors impact salt intake and blood pressure
Authors: Mohammadifard Noushin , Moazeni Faezeh , Azizian-Farsani Fatemeh , Gharipour Mojgan , Khosravi Elham , Sadeghian Ladan , Mansouri Asieh , Shirani Shahin , Sarrafzadegan Nizal
Published: March 2023

So far, few studies have examined the effect of salt taste receptors genetic variation on dietary intake in the Iranian population. We aimed to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in salt taste receptors’ genes with dietary salt intake and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 116 randomly selected healthy adults aged ≥ 18 in Isfahan, Iran. Participants underwent sodium intake determination by 24-h urine collection, as well as dietary assessment by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and blood pressure measurement. Whole blood was collected to extract DNA and genotype of SNP rs239345 in SCNN1B and rs224534, rs4790151 and rs8065080 in TRPV1 gene. Sodium consumption and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in carriers of the A-allele in rs239345 compared to subjects with the TT genotype (4808.4 ± 824.4 mg/day vs. 4043.5 ± 989.3 mg/day; P = 0.004) and 83.6 ± 8.5 mmHg vs. 77.3 ± 7.3 mmHg; P = 0.011), respectively. The level of sodium intake was lower in the TT genotype of TRPV1 (rs224534) than the CC genotype (3767.0 ± 713.7 mg/day vs. 4633.3 ± 793.5 mg/day; P = 0.012). We could not find any association between genotypes of all SNPs with systolic blood pressure as well as genotypes of rs224534, rs4790151 and rs8065080 with diastolic blood pressure. Genetic variations can relate with salt intake and consequently may associate with hypertension and finally cardiovascular disease risk in the Iranian population.
Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamics Casson nanofluid flow with activation energy, Hall current and thermal radiation
Authors: Suresh Kumar Y. , Hussain Shaik , Raghunath K. , Ali Farhan , Guedri Kamel , Eldin Sayed M. , Khan M. Ijaz
Published: March 2023

In this study we analyzed the flow, heat and mass transfer behavior of Casson nanofluid past an exponentially stretching surface under the impact of activation energy, Hall current, thermal radiation, heat source/sink, Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Transverse magnetic field with the assumption of small Reynolds number is implemented vertically. The governing partial nonlinear differential equations of the flow, heat and mass transfer are transformed into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically by using Matlab bvp4c package. The impact of each of the Hall current parameter, thermal radiation parameter, heat source/sink parameter, Brownian motion parameter, Prandtl number, thermophoresis parameter and magnetic parameter on velocity, concentration and temperature, is discussed through graphs. The skin friction coefficient along the x-and z-directions, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are calculated numerically to look into the inside behavior of the emerging parameters. It is witnessed that the flow velocity is a diminishing function of the thermal radiation parameter and the behavior has observed in the case of Hall parameter. Moreover, mounting values of Brownian motion parameter reduce the nanoparticle concentration profile.
Identification, characterization and spatiotemporal expression analysis of the FKBP family genes in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zhang Neng , Feng Shiqian , Tian Ye , Zhuang Ling , Cha Gan , Duan Saiya , Li Hongmei , Nong Xiangqun , Zhang Zehua , Tu Xiongbing , Wang Guangjun
Published: March 2023

FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) are a highly-conserved group of proteins known to bind to FK506, an immunosuppressive drug. They play different physiological roles, including transcription regulation, protein folding, signal transduction and immunosuppression. A number of FKBP genes have been identified in eukaryotes; however, very little information about these genes has been reported in Locusta migratoria. Here, we identified and characterized 10 FKBP genes from L. migratoria. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of domain architectures indicated that the LmFKBP family can be divided into two subfamilies and five subclasses. Developmental and tissue expression pattern analysis revealed that all LmFKBPs transcripts, including LmFKBP46, LmFKBP12, LmFKBP47, LmFKBP79, LmFKBP16, LmFKBP24, LmFKBP44b, LmFKBP53, were periodically expressed during different developmental stages and mainly expressed in the fat body, hemolymph, testis, and ovary. In brief, our work depicts a outline but panoramic picture of LmFKBP family in L. migratoria, and provides a solid foundation to further investigate the molecular functions of LmFKBPs.
A hybrid deep learning approach for COVID-19 detection based on genomic image processing techniques
Authors: Hammad Muhammed S. , Ghoneim Vidan F. , Mabrouk Mai S. , Al-atabany Walid I.
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been spreading quickly, threatening the public health system. Consequently, positive COVID-19 cases must be rapidly detected and treated. Automatic detection systems are essential for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular techniques and medical imaging scans are among the most effective approaches for detecting COVID-19. Although these approaches are crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, they have certain limitations. This study proposes an effective hybrid approach based on genomic image processing (GIP) techniques to rapidly detect COVID-19 while avoiding the limitations of traditional detection techniques, using whole and partial genome sequences of human coronavirus (HCoV) diseases. In this work, the GIP techniques convert the genome sequences of HCoVs into genomic grayscale images using a genomic image mapping technique known as the frequency chaos game representation. Then, the pre-trained convolution neural network, AlexNet, is used to extract deep features from these images using the last convolution (conv5) and second fully-connected (fc7) layers. The most significant features were obtained by removing the redundant ones using the ReliefF and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms. These features are then passed to two classifiers: decision trees and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Results showed that extracting deep features from the fc7 layer, selecting the most significant features using the LASSO algorithm, and executing the classification process using the KNN classifier is the best hybrid approach. The proposed hybrid deep learning approach detected COVID-19, among other HCoV diseases, with 99.71% accuracy, 99.78% specificity, and 99.62% sensitivity.
YgfB increases β-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by counteracting AlpA-mediated ampDh3 expression
Authors: Eggers Ole , Renschler Fabian A. , Michalek Lydia Anita , Wackler Noelle , Walter Elias , Smollich Fabian , Klein Kristina , Sonnabend Michael S. , Egle Valentin , Angelov Angel , Engesser Christina , Borisova Marina , Mayer Christoph , Schütz Monika , Bohn Erwin
Published: March 2023

YgfB-mediated β-lactam resistance was recently identified in multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that YgfB upregulates expression of the β-lactamase AmpC by repressing the function of the regulator of the programmed cell death pathway AlpA. In response to DNA damage, the antiterminator AlpA induces expression of the alpBCDE autolysis genes and of the peptidoglycan amidase AmpDh3. YgfB interacts with AlpA and represses the ampDh3 expression. Thus, YgfB indirectly prevents AmpDh3 from reducing the levels of cell wall-derived 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-peptides, required to induce the transcriptional activator AmpR in promoting the ampC expression and β-lactam resistance. Ciprofloxacin-mediated DNA damage induces AlpA-dependent production of AmpDh3 as previously shown, which should reduce β-lactam resistance. YgfB, however, counteracts the β-lactam enhancing activity of ciprofloxacin by repressing ampDh3 expression and lowering the benefits of this drug combination. Altogether, YgfB represents an additional player in the complex regulatory network of AmpC regulation.
Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of the Eu-based quaternary tellurides EuGdCuTe3and EuLuCuTe3
Authors: Ruseikina Anna V. , Grigoriev Maxim V. , Garmonov Alexander A. , Molokeev Maxim S. , Schleid Thomas , Safin Damir A.
Published: March 2023

Novel paramagnetic tellurides EuGdCuTe3and EuLuCuTe3, with the transition to a ferrimagnetic state at ∼8 K and ferromagnetic state at ∼3 K, respectively, are reported.
Ab initio studies on graphyne (GY) for the detection of rare bases in DNA
Authors: Lv Mengdan , Li Ruirui , Zeng Xia , Jin Lingxia , Zhao Caibin , Gao Yanhong , Jiang Min , Qin Gongwei , Li Chen , Zhang Shengrui
Published: March 2023

The rare bases adsorbed on pristine and B/N-γ-GY nanosheet, the translocation time of 5-hmCyt is the longest and 5-fCyt is the shortst, and for B-γ-GY, the translocation time of rare bases is much longer than that of pure and N-γ-GY.
Comparison of biokinetic models for non-dissolvable engineered nanomaterials in freshwater aquatic organisms
Authors: Zheng Yuanfang , Nowack Bernd
Published: March 2023

Understanding the uptake and elimination kinetics of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in aquatic organisms is essential for their environmental risk assessment.
High-throughput multi-gate microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for biological nanoparticle detection
Authors: Kim June Soo , Kwon Soon Yeol , Lee Jae Yong , Kim Seung Deok , Kim Da Ye , Kim Hyunjun , Jang Noah , Wang Jiajie , Han Maeum , Kong Seong Ho
Published: March 2023

We presented microfluidic resistive pulse sensing for submicron particles and exosomes with high sensitivity via multiple gates and gate structure modification.
Origin of the spectral red-shift and polarization patterns of self-assembled InGaN nanostructures on GaN nanowires
Authors: Ries Maximilian , Nippert Felix , März Benjamin , Alonso-Orts Manuel , Grieb Tim , Hötzel Rudolfo , Hille Pascal , Emtenani Pouria , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Speiser Eugen , Plaickner Julian , Schörmann Jörg , Auf der Maur Matthias , Müller-Caspary Knut , Rosenauer Andreas , Esser Norbert , Eickhoff Martin , Wagner Markus R.
Published: March 2023

A pronounced polarization anisotropy and spectral red-shift of the emission wavelength of individual InGaN nanowires is attributed to the spontaneous formation of superlattices caused by inhomogeneous In-distribution in the wires.
Immunomodulatory nanotherapeutic approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Xu Tian , Xie Kunke , Wang Cong , Ivanovski Sašo , Zhou Yinghong
Published: March 2023

This review discusses the important role of immune cells in the management of periodontitis and the nanotherapeutic methods for immunoregulated periodontal tissue regeneration.
Mesoporous SiO2@pH-responsive polypeptide nanocomposites: noninterventional embolization and ultrasound imaging combination theranostic for solid tumors
Authors: Lu Dedai , Chen Mingshu , Yu Lili , Wang Jiachen , Guo Hongyun , Zhou Xing , Han Zhiming , Zhou Zubang , Wang Haijun , Liao Shiqi , Lei Ziqiang
Published: March 2023

Tumors theranostics will be a single but effective treatment in the future, while transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of solid tumors is currently an important clinical method, but TAE has some insurmountable defects.
A stimuli-responsive polymer modified nanopore for measuring β-amyloid peptide and zinc ions in brains of live mice with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ding Shushu , Zhu Yue , Zhu Anwei , Shi Guoyue
Published: March 2023

A copolymer-modified glass nanopore combined with microdialysis was used for assaying cerebral Aβ monomer and Zn2+. In the presence of Aβ monomer, the copolymer stretched. Then, the Zn2+ altered surface charges and fluorescence.
Revealing drug release and diffusion behavior in skin interstitial fluid by surface-enhanced Raman scattering microneedles
Authors: Shi Shang , Wang Yunqing , Mei Rongchao , Zhao Xizhen , Liu Xifang , Chen Lingxin
Published: March 2023

Scheme of the study of drug release and diffusion behavior of a therapeutic microneedle (T-MN)viaa SERS detection microneedle (D-MN) in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF).
Encapsulating and inkjet-printing flexible conductive patterns on a fluoroelastomer for harsh hydrocarbon fluid environments
Authors: Wankhede Sahil P. , Alshehri Ali H. , Du Xian
Published: March 2023

Encapsulated and inkjet-printed flexible conductive patterns on a fluoroelastomer in hydrocarbon fluid environments.
Transition-metal interdiffusion and solid electrolyte poisoning in all-solid-state batteries revealed by cryo-TEM
Authors: Zhang Ruizhuo , Strauss Florian , Jiang Lin , Casalena Lee , Li Letian , Janek Jürgen , Kondrakov Aleksandr , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: March 2023

TEM investigations under cryogenic conditions reveal transition-metal dissolution and interdiffusion into the bulk solid electrolyte in thiophosphate-based all-solid-state batteries.
Au10Ag17(TPP)10(SR)6Cl5nanocluster: structure, transformation and the origin of its photoluminescence
Authors: Ma Along , Wang Jiawei , Kong Jie , Ren Yonggang , Wang Yuxuan , Ma Xiaoshuang , Zhou Meng , Wang Shuxin
Published: March 2023

The structure of Au10Ag17nanocluster was determined by SC-XRD. Our work revealed that charge or energy transfer from metal kernel (M25) to shell (two surface motifs) can quench the emission.
Design principles for a nanoconfined enzyme cascade electrode via reaction–diffusion modelling
Authors: Siritanaratkul Bhavin
Published: March 2023

An enzyme cascade within a porous electrode can achieve large current enhancements due to pore-confined cofactor regeneration, and here we use transport modelling to reveal the effects of key parameters on the performance.
Reusable nickel foam supported 3D hierarchical Co–Fe–Ni mixed metal oxides with peroxidase-like activity as biosensors for the colorimetric detection of H2O2
Authors: Wu Tao , Liu Fangyuan , Lyu Xiangrong , Wu Fengze , Zhao Hui , Xin Yan , Li Leixuan , Fan Gaochao , Zhu Xixi , Liu Qingyun , Gao Yan
Published: March 2023

A fast visual sensing platform for H2O2 was developed based on a novel recyclable nanozyme.
Highly tough, degradable, and water-resistant bio-based supramolecular plastics comprised of cellulose and tannic acid
Authors: Sun Haoxiang , Fang Xu , Zhu Youliang , Yu Zhuochen , Lu Xingyuan , Sun Junqi
Published: March 2023

Bio-based degradable supramolecular plastics with a high fracture strength of 265 MPa and excellent water-resistance are fabricated through complexation of regenerated cellulose with tannic acid, and can be fully degraded under soil in ∼35 days.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuwei , Huo Lili , Yang Changqing , He Xiaofeng
Published: March 2023

Widely regarded as one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is a common clinical condition of the digestive system. Reviewing 14 meta-analyses that evaluated the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and GC risk, we observed inconsistent results, and the credibility of the significant correlation between the statistical results was ignored. With the aim of further exploring the association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C and the risk of GC, we searched electronic databases, pooling 43 relevant studies and calculating odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each of the five genetic models. Subgroup and regression analyses were performed to look for sources of heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. To assess the plausibility of statistically significant associations, we used the FPRP test and the Venice criteria. Overall data analysis showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with GC risk, especially in Asians, while MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was not associated with GC risk. However, in subgroup analysis by hospital-based controls, we found that MTHFR A1298C might be a protective factor for GC. After credibility assessment, the statistical association between MTHFR C677T and GC susceptibility study was classified as ‘less credible positive result’, while the result of MTHFR A1298C was considered unreliable. In summary, the present study strongly suggests that MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the GC risk.
CircRBM23 regulates the switch between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells via sponging miR-338-3p
Authors: Gao Jia-Wen , Song Min-Kai , Wu Di-Zheng , Yan Tao , Zhao Kai , Huang Yu-Sheng , Chen Xing-Yu , Tu Chen , Deng Guang-Xu , Chen Zi-Shuo , Zhang Ming-Ming , Huang Jun-Long , Zhang Chao , Zhong Zhao-Ming
Published: March 2023

Background: The disruption of the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow contributes to the adipocytes accumulation and bone loss, which leads to the development of osteoporosis (OP). The circular RNA (circRNA), circRBM23, was generated from the RNA binding motif protein 23 (RBM23) gene. It was reported that circRBM23 was down-regulated in OP patients, but it remains unknown whether its down-regulation is involved in the lineage switch of MSCs.

Objective: We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circRBM23 in regulating the switch between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Methods: The expression and function of circRBM23 in vitro were detected by qRT-PCR, alizarin red staining, and oil Red O staining. The interactions between circRBM23 and microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) were analyzed by RNA pull-down assay, FISH, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. MSCs treated with lentivirus overexpression of circRBM23 was applied for both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results: CircRBM23 was expressed at lower levels in OP patients. Besides, circRBM23 was up-regulated during osteogenesis and down-regulated during adipogenesis of MSCs. CircRBM23 could promote the osteogenic differentiation but inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanistically, circRBM23 acted as a sponge for microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) to enhance the expression of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2).

Conclusions: Our research indicates that circRBM23 could promote the switch from adipogenic to osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via sponging miR-338-3p. It might improve the understanding of the lineage switch of MSCs and provide a potential target for diagnosing and treating OP.
A privacy‐preserving method for publishing data with multiple sensitive attributes
Authors: Yi Tong , Shi Minyong , Shang Wenqian , Zhu Haibin
Published: March 2023

The overgeneralisation may happen because most studies on data publishing for multiple sensitive attributes (SAs) have not considered the personalised privacy requirement. Furthermore, sensitive information disclosure may also be caused by these personalised requirements. To address the matter, this article develops a personalised data publishing method for multiple SAs. According to the requirements of individuals, the new method partitions SAs values into two categories: private values and public values, and breaks the association between them for privacy guarantees. For the private values, this paper takes the process of anonymisation, while the public values are released without this process. An algorithm is designed to achieve the privacy mode, where the selectivity is determined by the sensitive value frequency and undesirable objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide more information utility when compared with previous methods. The theoretic analyses and experiments also indicate that the privacy can be guaranteed even though the public values are known to an adversary. The overgeneralisation and privacy breach caused by the personalised requirement can be avoided by the new method.
Frequency dependence of the thermal dust E/B ratio and EB correlation: Insights from the spin-moment expansion
Authors: Vacher L. , Aumont J. , Boulanger F. , Montier L. , Guillet V. , Ritacco A. , Chluba J.
Published: March 2023

The change of physical conditions across the turbulent and magnetized interstellar medium induces a 3D spatial variation of the properties of Galactic polarized emission. The observed signal results from the averaging of different spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and polarization angles along and between lines of sight. As a consequence, the total Stokes parameters Q and U will have different frequency dependencies, both departing from the canonical emission law, so that the polarization angle becomes frequency dependent. In the present work, we show how this phenomenon similarly induces a different, distorted SED for the three polarized angular power spectra 𝒟𝓁EE, 𝒟𝓁BB, and 𝒟𝓁EB, implying a variation of the 𝒟𝓁EE/𝒟𝓁BB ratio with frequency. We demonstrate how the previously introduced “spin-moment” formalism provides a natural framework to grasp these effects and enables us to derive analytical predictions for the spectral behaviors of the polarized spectra, focusing here on the example of thermal dust polarized emission. After a quantitative discussion based on a model combining emission from a filament with its background, we further reveal that the spectral complexity implemented in the dust models commonly used by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) community includes different distortions for the three polarized power-spectra. This new understanding is crucial for CMB component separation, in which extreme accuracy is required for the modeling of the dust signal to allow for the search of the primordial imprints of inflation or cosmic birefringence. For the latter, as long as the dust EB signal is not measured accurately, great caution is required regarding the assumptions made to model its spectral behavior, as it may not be inferred from the other dust angular power spectra.
Comparative analysis of the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity of milk and whey hydrolysates
Authors: Valchkov Alexandar , Loginovska Kamelia , Doneva Maria , Ninova-Nikolova Nadia , Metodieva Petya
Published: March 2023

The degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from fresh cow’s milk and whey obtained by the action of the proteolytic enzymes papain, bromelain and chymosin were compared. The lowest degree of hydrolysis in fresh milk hydrolysates was reported for sample MP1 (10 min reaction time, treatment with 0.1 mg/ml papain), and the highest percentage was obtained at hydrolysate MB12 (at 60 min reaction time, treatment with 1.0 mg/ml bromelain). For the whey samples in sample WC1 (10 min reaction time, treatment with 1.0 μl/ml chymosin), the percentage of hydrolysis was the lowest. The highest percentage was achieved at WP12 hydrolysate using papain at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and a 60-min reaction time. The obtained values for the antioxidant capacity of the hydrolysed products show a higher activity compared to the starting substrates. The highest activity in the milk hydrolysates of 11.32 mg TE/100 ml was found in variant MB3, and in the whey hydrolysates of 7.83 mg TE/100 ml - in variant WP7. Hydrolysates treated with chymosin had lower TE values compared to the hydrolysate’s variants, treated with papain and bromelain.
Microbial growth kinetics as a method to model and predict the development of starter cultures
Authors: Sergeev Sergey , Ivanov Galin , Goranov Bogdan , Ganeva Zlatka , Gaytanska Yordanka
Published: March 2023

A comparative study was conducted on the growth rate of lactic acid bacteria involved in starter cultures for the production of lactic acid products. Based on the data obtained, with respect to the rate of development, it is possible to predict their development as monocultures or as cultures in symbiotic relationship. In order to achieve the set objective, culture of lactic acid microorganisms was carried out in a bioreactor for 24 hours. Data on the rate of development in the different phases, represented by the acid formation curve, are reported for the following strains: Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus S22; Streptococcus thermophilus S1; Lacticaseibacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus AS15; Lactobacillus casei ssp. shirota 51C. The conclusions drawn allow the correct and predictable use of the investigated strains of lactic acid bacteria in starter cultures for the production of lactic acid products.
Study of physical and chemical parameters of goat meat for use in the production of children's food
Authors: Tokysheva Gulzhan , Makangali Kadyrzhan
Published: March 2023

The issue of rational nutrition of children is still extremely relevant and an effective factor ensuring the preservation of life and health of children. Pathological conditions associated with intolerance to certain components of food are increasingly common. When assessing the chemical composition of experimental samples of goat meat (Zaanen, Alpine, Nubian), no abnormal deviations were detected, and all indicators were in the generally accepted contents of this type of animal muscle tissue. Comparative analysis of goat meat samples shows that the fat content is more than 3 times less than that of lamb. The mass fraction of moisture is higher than mutton by 3 - 5%. Thus, it confirms that goat meat is a more dietary meat raw material in comparison with lamb. The potassium content among the experimental samples is distinguished by the goat meat of the Nubian breed (4125.83 ± 618.87 mg/ kg), which in comparison with the Zaanen (2470.10 ± 370.52 mg/kg) is more than 1.5 times greater, and the Alpine breed (1693.22 ± 253.98 mg/kg) is more than 2 times. The concentration of such essential amino acids as tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine allows you to cover from 14% to 30.5% of the daily norm.
Ein zentrales Regulationsorgan – osteopathische Betrachtung
des Pankreas
Authors: Röhrmann Nicole
Published: March 2023

Das Pankreas nimmt sowohl durch seine Funktionen in der Verdauung
und Stoffwechselregulierung als auch durch seine anatomische Lage eine zentrale Stellung im
Körper ein. Mit der Produktion von wichtigen Verdauungsenzymen und der Regulation
des Blutglukosespiegels ist das Pankreas weit mehr als nur eine Darmanhangsdrüse.
Durch die enge Nachbarschaft zu Duodenum und Leber erscheint eine osteopathische Behandlung
interessant. Neben anatomischen Grundlagen werden osteopathische Beziehungen zu Strukturen
und Organen, mögliche Dysfunktionen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Outcomes among Neonates after a Diagnosis of Persistent or Transient Fetal Growth Restriction Delivered at Term
Authors: Ramos Sebastian Z. , Has Phinnara , Gimovsky Alexis C. , Danilack Valery A. , Savitz David A. , Lewkowitz Adam K.
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether transient fetal growth restriction (FGR) that resolves prior to delivery confers a similar risk of neonatal morbidity as uncomplicated FGR that persists at term.

Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a medical record abstraction study of singleton live-born pregnancies delivered at a tertiary care center between 2002 and 2013. Patients with fetuses that had either persistent or transient FGR and delivered at 38 weeks or later were included. Patients with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies were excluded. Persistent FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th percentile by gestational age from diagnosis through delivery. Transient FGR was defined as EFW <10th percentile on at least one ultrasound, but not on the last ultrasound prior to delivery. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity: neonatal intensive care unit admission, Apgar's score <7 at 5 minutes, neonatal resuscitation, arterial cord pH <7.1, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, hypoglycemia, sepsis, or death. Baseline characteristics and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum and Fisher's exact test. Log binomial regression was used to adjust for confounders.

Results Of 777 patients studied, 686 (88%) had persistent FGR and 91 (12%) had transient FGR. Patients with transient FGR were more likely to have a higher body mass index, gestational diabetes, diagnosed with FGR earlier in pregnancy, have spontaneous labor, and deliver at later gestational ages. There was no difference in the composite neonatal outcome (relative risk = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72, 1.47) for transient versus persistent FGR after adjusting for confounders (adjusted relative risk = 0.79, 95% CI 0.54, 1.17). There were no differences in cesarean delivery or delivery complications between groups.

Conclusion Neonates born at term after transient FGR do not appear to have differences in composite morbidity compared with those where uncomplicated FGR persists at term.

Key Points
Perinatal Outcome following the Suspension of Intrapartum Oxygen Treatment
Authors: Bart Yossi , Meyer Raanan , Moran Orit , Tsur Abraham , Kassif Eran , Mohr-Sasson Aya , Hamilton Emily , Sivan Eyal , Yinon Yoav , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Yoeli Rakefet
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the suspension of intrapartum maternal oxygen supplementation for nonreassuring fetal heart rate is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study, including all individuals that underwent labor in a single tertiary medical center. On April 16, 2020, the routine use of intrapartum oxygen for category II and III fetal heart rate tracings was suspended. The study group included individuals with singleton pregnancies that underwent labor during the 7 months between April 16, 2020, and November 14, 2020. The control group included individuals that underwent labor during the 7 months before April 16, 2020. Exclusion criteria included elective cesarean section, multifetal pregnancy, fetal death, and maternal oxygen saturation <95% during delivery. The primary outcome was defined as the rate of composite neonatal outcome, consisting of arterial cord pH <7.1, mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3/4, and neonatal death. The secondary outcome was the rate of cesarean and operative delivery.

Results The study group included 4,932 individuals, compared with 4,906 individuals in the control group. The suspension of intrapartum oxygen treatment was associated with a significant increase in the rate of composite neonatal outcome (187 [3.8%] vs. 120 [2.4%], p < 0.001), including the rate of abnormal cord arterial pH <7.1 (119 [2.4%] vs. 56 [1.1%], p < 0.01). A higher rate of cesarean section due to nonreassuring fetal heart rate was noted in the study group (320 [6.5%] vs. 268 [5.5%], p = 0.03).

A logistic regression analysis revealed that the suspension of intrapartum oxygen treatment was independently associated with the composite neonatal outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 1.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.96]) while adjusting for suspected chorioamnionitis, intrauterine growth restriction, and recent coronavirus disease 2019 exposure.

Conclusion Suspension of intrapartum oxygen treatment for nonreassuring fetal heart rate was associated with higher rates of adverse neonatal outcomes and urgent cesarean section due to fetal heart rate.

Key Points