bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change impacts and fungal decay in vulnerable historic structures at Svalbard
Authors: Flyen Anne-Cathrine , Flyen Cecilie , Mattsson Johan
Published: June 2020

This paper emphasises on degradation of wood in cultural heritage structures at Svalbard. Nowhere else does global heating occur faster. Negative impacts of climate change will increase the strain on wooden structures and can daily be observed at Svalbard. The severe changes affect the degradation rate of wooden constructions, including cultural heritage. Certain microclimates, also in Polar areas, are favourable to fungal growth and decay. The probable enhancing effects climate change have on fungal degradation in wooden structures are however alarming. The paper displays findings of measurements from four different case study projects at Svalbard between 2009 and 2019. The results have been analysed separately, compiled and discussed in context, and towards relevant literature. We claim that impacts of climate change may not be generalized in order to predict effects in building materials. Further, that with extended knowledge on how climate change affects natural development of fungal decay, negative impacts may be reduced. Lessons learned from high Arctic areas might add longevity and sustainability to wooden cultural heritage constructions, also in different areas and environments. The paper is part of two of the authors' PhD work at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
The integration of selected technology to energy activated ETICS - theoretical approach
Authors: Heim Dariusz , Chodak Ivan , Ilomets Simo , Knera Dominika , Wieprzkowicz Anna , Kalamees Targo
Published: June 2020

The main goal of this study is to develop the new external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) by integration of flexible photovoltaic (FPV) and encapsulated phase change materials (PCM). This work is the first step of the international project En-ActivETICS and concerns mainly material selection and systems integration issues. The paper presents a complete solution of façade component which integrates thermal insulation, heat storage and electricity generation - En-ActivETICS that combines ETICS technology with a self-supporting flexible photovoltaic elements. This system will be applicable for both masonry or concrete constructions and it is a new step in the development of building facade technology allowing to achieve a component classified to the group of functional material. In the paper, the formulation of basic principles of En-ActivETICS as well as an overview of existing materials and technologies is presented. Finally, the initial concept of the system is described. The main features of that system is using an elastic, high heat capacity and frost resistant adhesive joining flexible PV with thermal insulation.
A method to develop energy activated ETICS
Authors: Ilomets Simo , Heim Dariusz , Chodak Ivan , Czarny Dariusz , Kalamees Targo
Published: June 2020

We propose a method for developing an Energy Activated External Thermal Insulation Composite System (En-ActivETICS) for smart building envelopes that guarantees the required performance, durability, and service life of the building. The En-ActivETICS combines the traditional ETICS with phase change material (PCM) and flexible photovoltaics (FPV). These combined materials will become multifunctional, playing the roles of thermal insulator, heat accumulator, and energy generator with PCM lowering the temperature of FPV and therefore, increasing their efficiency. The En-ActivETICS is a new step in the development of building facade technology enabling to achieve a component that is classified as a functional material. The main result reported in the paper is the proposed method, which improves the existing technical approval guidelines for ETICS, entitled ETAG 004, when thermally activated components are added to the system. The method proposes research activities necessary to determine whether the novel wall system is in line with the essential requirements set to a building by the Construction Products Regulation. When tested according to the proposed method, a wall system should be comprehensively tested and technically documented active thermal insulation system that is aimed to give better building performance in terms of indoor environment, energy efficiency, and aesthetics.
Whole building validation for simulation programs including synthetic users and heating systems: experimental design
Authors: Kersken Matthias , Strachan Paul , Mantesi Eirini , Flett Graeme
Published: June 2020

A large-scale study for validating building energy simulation programs against measured data was undertaken within IEA EBC Annex 71 “Building energy performance assessment based on optimized in-situ measurements” as a more complex and realistic successor of the dataset created previously in IEA EBC Annex 58. The validation method consists of a set of high quality measurement data and a precise documentation of all boundary conditions. This enables a user to create a complete model of the different validation scenarios. The results of this model can be compared to the real measurement data. Because of the detailed modelling, the remaining deviations should indicate the limitations of the tool under investigation. The definition of the scenarios consists of extensive weather data and a detailed description of the building geometry, components compositions, thermal bridges, air tightness, ventilation, etc. In addition to the previous Annex 58 dataset this experiment contains synthetic users with internal heat and moisture gains, operated doors and windows and underfloor heating with an air source heat pump. This paper sets out the experimental design, a key element in ensuring a useful experimental dataset.
Transition towards an energy-efficient scientific Office Setup in Austria’s largest (Plus-)Plus-Energy Office Building – an Analysis
Authors: David Alexander , Bednar Thomas
Published: June 2020

Near the center of Vienna one can find the world’s first office tower which was designed to feed more energy into the power grid than is required to operate and use the building. This building is the result of the refurbishment of an over 40 years old high-rise building. The so called “(Plus-)Plus-Energy Office High-Rise Building” offers office space for several institutes of the TU Wien. The building was planned and simulated under the premise that every office occupant uses highly energy-efficient IT-hardware which would result in an average electrical power consumption of approximately 50 Watts per office workplace. Moreover, the cooling system of the building was planned for this case, allowing only for a minimal internal thermal load. To realize the simulation results, conventional office IT-hardware needs to be substituted by energy-efficient one and all intensive computing processes, e.g. simulations, ought to be outsourced into the building’s server room. This research presents the challenges faced during the transition from a conventional scientific office setup to an energy-efficient one. The method which was used to encourage the occupants to participate in this transition process will be discussed and the impact on the building’s energy consumption will be shown.
Comprehensive assessment brings out shortcomings in almost every school building
Authors: Marttila Tero , Lahdensivu Jukka , Pekkanen Juha
Published: June 2020

Consideration of the big picture is needed when evaluating aspects of the building with relevance for reporting of poor indoor air quality or symptoms. Even the most accurate longitudinal measurements do not remove the need for expertise and broad understanding of the different possible sources and causes of indoor air exposures. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), in collaboration with Tampere University (TAU), studies the association between school buildings of Helsinki and pupil reported health symptoms. The present paper focuses on introducing the methods and classifications as well as presenting the results about the condition of the buildings. Characteristics of 53 school buildings have been assessed by visiting the buildings and by going through the previous building investigation reports. Visits relied mainly on visual inspections with an extensive checklist and some none intrusive momentary measurements about the dampness, pressure difference, and indoor air quality (IAQ). The major strength of the study is that all the possible school buildings in certain areas were inspected and assessed using the same methods, irrespective if the building had a long history of indoor air problems or not. That makes it possible to evaluate the general prevalence of the problems in school buildings, which has been highlighted as an open question by the National Indoor Air and Health Program 2018-2028, coordinated by THL. The first results indicate that every school building has its shortcomings. However, none of the studied buildings was in a very bad condition either. The results indicate that it is not possible to draw a clear line between the buildings with ‘good’ or ‘poor’ IAQ.
Quantifying Wind-driven Rain Intrusion – A Comparative Study on The Water Management Features of Different Types of Rear-Ventilated Facade Systems
Authors: Arce-Recatalá Maria , García-Morales Soledad , Van den Bossche Nathan
Published: June 2020

The adequate protection against meteorological conditions of rear-ventilated façades rests on the optimization of the construction design for the joints, cavity depths and wall interfaces. In the late 1990s and early 2000s several authors analysed the water management characteristics of open joints in rainscreen systems, although only few of them attempted to quantify infiltration rates into the air cavity. However, none of these studies provided reliable quantitative data on wind-driven rain intrusion to the water resistive barrier of rear-ventilated façades. The provision of this data will give the means of determining the moisture load to which the façade is to be subjected during a rain event and for which the façade must be able to manage. Consequently, the aim of his paper is to compare quantitatively the water management characteristics of different types of rear-ventilated façade systems by adopting a holistic approach to this kind of enclosure system. In order to conduct this study, three façade systems have been selected based on the type of fixing method and the design of the vertical and horizontal joints. Afterwards, the full-scale mock-ups have been built and tested in controlled laboratory conditions. During these tests, the amount of water infiltrating into the air cavity and the amount of water reaching the water resistive barrier have been measured. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained for every mock-up has been made.
High Air Relative Humidity and Lighting Modes Govern Mould Growths on Damp Soil Ruins’ Surface in High-Humidity Regions
Authors: Li Yonghui , Zhang Weilun , Wu Ruobin , Dang Xinyuan , Hokoi Shuichi
Published: June 2020

Mould growth, caused by favourable hygrothermal environment like high relative humidity, proper temperature and other environmental variables, is one of the most severe hazards to soil ruins in high-humidity regions. Nevertheless, the effects of these variables on mould growth under extremely high humidity conditions remain elusive. In our previous research, samples from Wenzhou Qiaolou soil ruin were used to estimate the effects of two factors, ventilation and lighting modes, in unison. Based on that, a subsequent analysis has been conducted to assess mould growth differences with air relative humidity and lighting modes. We found that the extremely stable high-humidity environment (99.9%) had a significantly inhibitory effect on mould growth of damp surface of soil ruins. This paper also gives suggestions on the management of soil ruin exhibition halls in high-humidity regions.
Acoustical and airflow considerations concerning double-layered façades with openings for natural ventilation
Authors: Mahdavi Ardeshir , Najaf Khosravi Shiva
Published: June 2020

Numbers of factors such as noise exposure may constrain the use of natural ventilation, especially in the urban settings. Noise exposure was the motivation behind a previous research effort, recognizing that noise exposure hampers the operation of windows for natural ventilation. Thereby, specific designs of double-leaf façade solutions for concurrent natural ventilation and noise protection were empirically investigated. Tested variables included the position and size of the openings, the relative displacement of openings in the façade’s two layers, as well as acoustical dampening (sound absorption) in the interstitial space between the two layers. The study of the models estimated the resulting sound insulation level of double-layered façades as a function of the aforementioned variables. In the present contribution, we further examine the airflow implications of the aforementioned double-façade configurations via computational fluid dynamic application based on a generic single-zone space. Natural ventilation efficiency in the building is evaluated by means of computed mean velocity and age of air inside the zone. High-resolution 3D steady CFD simulations of single-sided ventilation are performed for 9 configurations (sizes and positions) of the openings in the double-layered façade. The results illustrate the effects of these configuration on air flow circumstances in the test space.
Study on the Performance of Adjustable Platform Screen Door in Subway Stations
Authors: Ziyi Su , Xiaofeng Li , Yue Zhang
Published: June 2020

In the last decades, the construction of subway systems has been in rapid progress in metropolis. Former studies have pointed out that substantial amount of energy is consumed by subway stations. Thus, the adjustable platform screen door (APSD) system is widely adopted, which is characterized by the energy-saving in both the cooling season and the transitional season. However, the installation of APSD system might result in thermal discomfort for passengers, which lacks investigation. This study aims to study the performance on the thermal comfort of subway station with APSD system. In this process, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation was conducted using PHOENICS to obtain the velocity and temperature distribution under 3 kinds of train arrival patterns. Furthermore, Relative Warmth Index (RWI) was used to assess thermal comfort. The results show that the velocities of the platform and station hall are below 2.5m/s and 3.7m/s respectively, which is closely related to the train arrival pattern. With regard to the platform occupied zone, the RWI is between 0.04 to 0.19, which is almost within the thermal comfort zone according to the ASHRAE comfort classification. Nevertheless, for the occupied zone of the hall, the RWI is between 0.15 to 0.52, indicating relatively warm.
The impacts of different façade types on energy use in residential buildings
Authors: Tokbolat Serik , Naizabekov Yelaman , Mariani Stefano
Published: June 2020

Globally, buildings are responsible for a significant share in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions profiles. Various attempts are undertaken to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce their environmental impact. In semi-continental climate conditions with very hot summers and extremely cold winters, buildings should be carefully designed to ensure efficient harnessing of solar energy and reducing energy loss due to poor insulation and inappropriate use of materials. Amidst the fast development of the construction industry, different façade systems are used in Kazakhstan. In several cases, the choice of the façade materials is defined not by performance but rather by economic aspects and physical appearance. This project aimed to investigate various types of façades adopted in the construction of residential buildings and assess their performance in terms of their impact on buildings’ energy consumption. The preliminary results indicate that there are five main types of façades widely used. Five different models were therefore built using energy simulation software and the respective energy consumption data were estimated. The results testify that buildings with brickwork (clay bricks) and stonework (travertine) façades were more energy efficient than those with brickwork (silica bricks), aluminum composite panels and decorated plaster façades.
Parametric Energy Simulations of a Nordic Detached House Heated by a Wood Stove
Authors: Thalfeldt Martin , Skare Anders , Georges Laurent , Skreiberg Øyvind
Published: June 2020

Wood stoves are widely used in Nordic countries. They offer a good opportunity to use biomass for space-heating and to reduce the peak power of all-electric buildings. However, wood stoves are highly concentrated heat sources with limited control compared to other typical heat emission systems, which makes the assessment of their impact challenging. This study introduces a simulation-based parametric study of a detached house equipped with a wood stove located in Oslo, Norway. The respective impact of different building parameters and stove nominal powers on the building performance is illustrated. The analysis shows that the annual total space-heating needs (i.e. the sum of the base load, modelled as ideal heaters representing the electrical radiators, the stove and the heating of the ventilation supply air) increased significantly due to the higher average indoor temperature. The resulting heat emission efficiency of the stove ranged between 66% and 90%. However, the stoves covered between 28% and 62% of the total space-heating needs. When using the stove, the maximum hourly-averaged power for the electrical radiators decreased between 5 W/m2 and 31 W/m2 during the peak hours of the electricity grid. The building thermal mass, insulation level, as well as the combination of internal door position with the bedroom temperature setpoint, had a significant impact on the calculated values. Finally, the study revealed that the occupant behaviour modelling should be improved to better capture the wood stove impact on the energy performance using building simulations.
Analysis and simulations with a multi-scale model of canine visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Welker Jonathan Shane , Martcheva Maia
Published: June 2020

Visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is believed to have an impact on the prevalence of the disease in human populations. Here, we continue the analysis of the nested immuno-epidemiological model of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs, including a proof of well-posedness using functional analytical methods. Once well-posedness is established, we continue stability analysis of the endemic equilibria and provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the presence of backward bifurcation, and prove the instability of the lower endemic equilibrium in the presence of backward bifurcation. Lastly, we provide a number of simulations of the model using a number of control strategies. Control measures currently in use attempt to reduce the parasite load in the host, reduce the vector population, reduce the vector biting rate, and remove infected hosts. We examine various combinations of these strategies and conclude that a strategy combining culling infected dogs and removing vectors from the population by means such as insecticide will be the most effective.
„Die Coronakrise zeigt uns die Lücken im System“
Authors: Becker Marion Anna
Published: June 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie hat die Welt in einem Maße verändert, wie es vor einigen Monaten wohl kaum jemand für möglich gehalten hätte. DIE HEBAMME hat bei zwei Kolleginnen nachgefragt, wie sie die Krise meistern. Außerdem sprachen wir mit DHV-Präsidentin Ulrike Geppert-Orthofer über Herausforderungen, aber auch Chancen, die jetzt für die Berufsgruppe entstehen (Stand: 25.05.2020).
Geburtsvorbereitung des Perineums
Authors: Büthe Kirstin , Franke Tara , Hillen Karin
Published: June 2020

Die Inzidenz von Geburtsverletzungen im Rahmen von vaginalen Geburten ist nach wie vor hoch. Dabei ist die Unversehrtheit von Damm und Scheide bedeutend für die körperliche Integrität der Frau, für die Übernahme der Mutterrolle und die Wiederaufnahme sexueller Aktivität. Damm vorbereitende Maßnahmen können demnach eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Möglichkeiten perinealer Geburtsvorbereitung.
Betreuung von Familien mit Frühgeborenen
Authors: Rempfer Wiebke , Stamm Anja
Published: June 2020

Expertinnen-Interview | Hebammen zählen zu den wenigen Fachpersonen, die Familien mit Frühgeborenen zu Hause aufsuchen. In der Wochenbettbetreuung unterstützen sie die Eltern dabei, ihrem schutzbedürftigen Säugling einen guten Start ins Leben zu ermöglichen. Hebamme und Familienhebamme Wiebke Rempfer verrät aus ihrem langjährigen Erfahrungsschatz, worauf es dabei ankommt.
Plattenepithelkarzinome der Kopf-Hals-Region (SCCHN)
Authors: Pogorzelski Michael , Grünwald Viktor
Published: June 2020

WAS IST NEU?

Prävention Die Aufklärung der Bevölkerung über den gesicherten Zusammenhang von Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum mit der Entstehung von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren ist weiterhin dringend erforderlich. Zur Prävention der HPV-assoziierten Tumoren stehen Vakzine zur Verfügung. Gemäß der Empfehlung der STIKO sollten alle Jungen und Mädchen im Alter zwischen 9 und 14 Jahren geimpft werden.

Ausbreitungs- und Rezidivdiagnostik Die FDG-PET/CT ermöglicht die Verringerung operativer Eingriffe. Bei N2/N3-Status nach definitiver Radiochemotherapie (RCT) sollte eine Neck Dissection nur bei positivem/unklarem PET-Befund durchgeführt werden. Bei Verdacht auf ein Rezidiv eines Larynxkarzinoms kann die FDG-PET/CT helfen, eine Larynxbiopsie zu vermeiden. Bei zervikalem CUP-Syndrom (d. h. bei unklarem Primärtumor) ist sie zudem zur Primarius und Ausbreitungsdiagnostik indiziert.

Stadieneinteilung und Prognostizierung HPV-induzierte Oropharynxkarzinome weisen eine bessere Prognose auf. Die 8. Version der TNM-Klassifikation umfasst daher eine klinische und eine pathologische Klassifikation für diese Tumorentität. Die Therapieplanung erfolgt auch weiterhin nach den etablierten Kriterien der 7. Version.

Lokal fortgeschrittene Stadien Zur Reduktion therapieassoziierter Toxizität wird derzeit eine Therapiedeeskalation bei HPV-assoziierten Oropharynxkarzinomen (HPV-OPC) evaluiert. Bisherige Studien waren jedoch negativ, sodass derzeit keine Anpassung der Therapie anhand des HPV-Status im klinischen Alltag erfolgt.

Palliative Systemtherapie Die Immuncheckpointinhibitoren Nivolumab und Pembrolizumab stellen den neuen Standard nach Versagen einer platinhaltigen Therapie dar. In der Keynote-048-Studie demonstrierte Pembrolizumab als Monotherapie für Patienten mit Expression von PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1) sowie in der Kombination mit Platin + 5-FU in der unselektierten Patientenpopulation seine Überlegenheit gegenüber dem bisherigen Erstlinienstandard PFC.
Chronisches Koronarsyndrom – optimale medikamentöse Therapie
Authors: Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush
Published: June 2020

Der Begriff „chronisches Koronarsyndrom“ ersetzt mit den aktuellen Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) die Begrifflichkeit der sogenannten „stabilen koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK)“. Hierdurch werden insbesondere die chronisch-progredienten Eigenschaften der KHK betont. Die medikamentöse Therapie des chronischen Koronarsyndroms zielt auf die Minimierung der Ereignisraten und Symptomprogredienz ab. Zu den wesentlichen Säulen dieser medikamentösen Therapie zählen die Antianginosa (u. a. Betablocker, Kalziumantagonisten, organische Nitrate), die verschiedenen Plättchenaggregationsregime, Lipidsenker sowie Modulatoren des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems. Eine sogenannte allgemeingültige „optimale Therapie“ ist schwierig zu definieren, daher gilt es, individuell für jeden Patienten die bestmögliche Therapie und Symptomkontrolle anhand dieser Leitlinienempfehlungen zu definieren und nach Bedarf anzupassen.
Funktionelle Diagnostik zur Detektion myokardialer
Ischämie
Authors: Gaede Luise , Bönner Florian
Published: June 2020

In den aktuellen Leitlinien zum chronischen Koronarsyndrom (chronic coronary
syndrome, CCS) spielt die funktionelle Diagnostik zur Detektion und Quantifizierung
einer myokardialen Ischämie eine zentrale Rolle: Im Gegensatz zu rein anatomischen
Verfahren kann diese nicht nur eine koronare Herzerkrankung diagnostizieren, sondern
auch gleichzeitig das Patientenrisiko stratifizieren. Funktionelle diagnostische
Verfahren sollten zunächst nicht invasiv, in jedem Falle aber – vor allem bei
fehlendem nicht invasivem Nachweis – im Herzkatheter mittels Druckdrahtmessung
angewendet werden. In den nicht invasiven Verfahren bestimmt die Größe des
ischämischen Areals, ob eine Revaskularisation von prognostischem Nutzen für den
Patienten ist, und entscheidet somit über die weitere interventionelle Therapie. In
der invasiven Quantifizierung wird die hämodynamische Signifikanz einer
Koronarstenose bestimmt. Die funktionelle Diagnostik ermöglicht zudem eine Aussage
über die Funktion der Mikrostrombahn. Erkrankungen der Mikrostrombahn sind von
vergleichbarer prognostischer Bedeutung wie Erkrankungen der Makrostrombahn, bedürfen
jedoch weniger der interventionellen als der pharmakologischen Behandlung. Aktuelle
technische Entwicklungen aller Modalitäten erweitern in unterschiedlicher
Geschwindigkeit die diagnostische Genauigkeit und das Einsatzgebiet der einzelnen
Verfahren. Nicht für alle Patienten sollte daher grundsätzlich die gleiche Diagnostik
in die Wege geleitet werden. Die richtige Auswahl des nicht invasiven Tests sollte in
Abhängigkeit von dem Patienten mit Berücksichtigung von Komorbiditäten, Symptomatik
und Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit sowie lokaler Expertise getroffen werden. Gerade alte
Patienten, die sich häufig mit atypischer Symptomatik präsentieren und höhere
Komplikationsraten bei invasiven Verfahren aufweisen, profitieren hier besonders von
einer wohl überlegten diagnostischen Strategie.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Imaging and Therapeutic Agents for Atherosclerosis
Authors: Talev Joshua , Kanwar Jagat Rakesh
Published: June 2020

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents for a wide range of conditions. To date, the theranostic applications of iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied mainly in cancer, but atherosclerosis has not received the same attention. Therefore, it appears appropriate to review the current and future applications of iron oxide nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis. This review will first discuss current imaging techniques for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis as well as their limitations. It will then discuss the role of nanotechnology for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the benefits of this approach as well as reviewing current developments in the field including single, bi-, and tri-modal imaging. Next, it will discuss the role of nanotechnology for therapies of atherosclerosis with a focus on nanotheranostics, concluding with a look at the challenges faced by nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy of atherosclerosis as well as a look at future prospects.
A Review of Design Considerations for Hemocompatibility within Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Szydzik Crispin , Brazilek Rose J. , Nesbitt Warwick S.
Published: June 2020

The manipulation of blood within in vitro environments presents a persistent challenge, due to the highly reactive nature of blood, and its multifaceted response to material contact, changes in environmental conditions, and stimulation during handling. Microfluidic Lab-on-Chip systems offer the promise of robust point-of-care diagnostic tools and sophisticated research platforms. The capacity for precise control of environmental and experimental conditions afforded by microfluidic technologies presents unique opportunities that are particularly relevant to research and clinical applications requiring the controlled manipulation of blood. A critical bottleneck impeding the translation of existing Lab-on-Chip technology from laboratory bench to the clinic is the ability to reliably handle relatively small blood samples without negatively impacting blood composition or function. This review explores design considerations critical to the development of microfluidic systems intended for use with whole blood from an engineering perspective. Material hemocompatibility is briefly explored, encompassing common microfluidic device materials, as well as surface modification strategies intended to improve hemocompatibility. Operational hemocompatibility, including shear-induced effects, temperature dependence, and gas interactions are explored, microfluidic sample preparation methodologies are introduced, as well as current techniques for on-chip manipulation of the whole blood. Finally, methods of assessing hemocompatibility are briefly introduced, with an emphasis on primary hemostasis and platelet function.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle electrolysis and rehabilitation and reconditioning program following a hamstring injury reduces “return to play” time in professional soccer players: A case series
Authors: Jiménez-Rubio Sergio , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Minaya-Muñoz Francisco , Navandar Archit
Published: June 2020

This case series follows the treatment protocol after a grade 2 injury to the proximal semitendinosus muscle using US-guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis (PNE) and Rehab & Reconditioning program (RRP) in two professional soccer players. The injury was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound imaging. The players received one session of PNE 48 hours after the injury. The indoor's phase of the RRP started 24 hours after the PNE technique and then the player proceeded to perform an on-field's phase, following which the players returned to train with the team. The effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing the match-performance data collected through Global Positioning System (GPS) in two matches before and five matches after injury and with ultrasound imaging analyzing the evolution of the muscle injury. No adverse effects were identified during or after the US-Guided PNE technique. Both players missed a single competitive game because of injury (layoff= 16 and 14 days). The GPS variables studied showed similar values before and after injury. PNE and PRR protocol improves the results of the initial phase of muscle repair and reduces the time to return to training and return to play, maintaining the GPS parameters that the players need in high performance.
Minimum 7-Year Outcomes of Dual Mobility Acetabular Cups in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Tarazi John M. , Salem Hytham S. , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Sodhi Nipun , Garbarino Luke J. , Gold Peter A. , Mont Michael A. , Harwin Steven F.
Published: June 2020

Modular dual mobility cups have been developed to potentially address postoperative hip instability, which can occur in nearly 20% of all revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. By having a prosthetic construct that contains two points of articulation between the femoral head and liner and between the liner and shell, joint stability can be increased. The purpose of this study was to report on dual mobility cup survivorships, patient satisfaction outcomes, complications, and radiographic outcomes at a minimum 7-year follow-up. A high-volume academic surgeon performed a total of 143 consecutive dual mobility primary THAs on patients who had a minimum follow-up of 7 years (range, 7–8.5 years). The study cohort consisted of 77 females (54%) and 66 males (46%) who had a mean age of 65 years (range, 34–90 years). Aseptic, septic, and all-cause survivorship was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Harris Hip Scores (HHS), postoperative complications, and radiographs were also assessed. No cup failures were observed. Overall, septic survivorship was 99.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.0) and all-cause survivorship was 98.6% (95% CI: 0.97–1.0). Two patients (1.4%) required revision surgery unrelated to the use of a modular dual mobility cup. Of these, one patient experienced femoral stem loosening and the other developed a periprosthetic infection that was treated with a two-stage revision. The mean total HHS was above 95 points at the most recent follow-up. Three patients (2.3%) experienced medical complications, including two deep vein thromboses and one for nonfatal pulmonary embolism. Radiographic evidence revealed incomplete seating of the metallic liner in one patient. Dual mobility cups were developed in an attempt to decrease the rate of instability following THA. The results from this study indicate that excellent clinical and patient-reported outcomes can be achieved at 7-year follow-up in patients who undergo THA with a dual mobility cup. Therefore, dual mobility cups appear to be an appropriate treatment option for primary THA.
Plasma Citrulline as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Jawale Nilima , Prideaux Mallory , Prasad Malavika , Miller Malki , Rastogi Shantanu ,   for Maimonides Neonatal Group
Published: June 2020

Objective Citrulline synthesized by healthy enterocytes and decreases with injury. This work aimed to study plasma citrulline concentrations (CITs) as a biomarker to differentiate among infants presenting with early nonspecific signs and symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with those who will develop NEC. Further to study the correlation between posttreatment CIT with time to full feeds (TTFF) and length of stay (LOS).

Study Design This is a prospective study which included infants < 32 weeks gestational age (GA) with 9 infants each in Group 1 (stage 2/3 NEC), Group 2 (with stage 1 NEC-like presentation), and Group 3 (healthy GA-matched infants). CIT was measured in Groups 1 and 2 within 24 hours of presentation and again in Group 1 after treatment.

Results The three groups were similar in clinical characteristics. Median CIT (µmol/L) in Group 1 (15.4 [interquartile range, IQR: 7.3–18.0]) was lower than Group 2 (22.2 [IQR: 18.3–27.3], p = 0.02) and Group 3 (24.9 [IQR: 19.8–31.9], p = 0.009). Posttreatment CIT in Group 1 did not correlate with TTFF (r = 0.15; p = 0.69) and LOS (r =  − 0.33; p = 0.38).

Conclusion CIT was lower in infants with NEC as compared with healthy controls and those infants with nonspecific signs of NEC. CIT after treatment does not correlate with TTFF and LOS.

Key Points
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Neuropathological Comorbidities
Authors: Stein Thor D. , Crary John F.
Published: June 2020

With age, the presence of multiple neuropathologies in a single individual becomes increasingly common. Given that traumatic brain injury and the repetitive head impacts (RHIs) that occur in contact sports have been associated with the development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is becoming critical to understand the relationship and interactions between these pathologies. In fact, comorbid pathology is common in CTE and likely influenced by both age and the severity and type of exposure to RHI as well as underlying genetic predisposition. Here, we review the major comorbid pathologies seen with CTE and in former contact sports athletes and discuss what is known about the associations between RHI, age, and the development of neuropathologies. In addition, we examine the distinction between CTE and age-related pathology including primary age-related tauopathy and age-related tau astrogliopathy.
Evaluation of Stress Patterns in Bone Around Implants for Different Abutment Angulations Under Axial and Oblique Loading in Anterior Maxillary Region—A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Badalia Isha , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Mehra Salil , Batra Ritu
Published: June 2020

Introduction Replacing missing anterior teeth with a prosthesis that resembles natural form and function has always been challenging for a prosthodontist. Removable and fixed options both have been extensively studied and researched upon. In modern dentistry, implants have proved to be a more logical option for the same. The morphology of bone present in the premaxilla serves as guide to plan implant angulation during osteotomy. Factors such as age-related bone resorption, trauma or pathologic bone resorption due to periodontitis, etc. causes implants to be placed at angles that are difficult to restore with conventional straight abutments. Angled abutments can help build up favorable functional prosthesis in such cases, but they experience the drawback of transferring unfavorable forces to the implant or bone, thereby compromising the prognosis of the treatment. Clinically, the effect of these forces is difficult to evaluate, so a finite element analysis was done to estimate stress distribution at the bone implant interface.

Materials and Methods In this study, premaxilla was modeled with 15 mm in bone height, 7 mm in bone length, and 12 mm in bone width with 1.5 mm thick cortical bone surrounded by a core of cancellous bone. The implant was modeled as a cylindrical, round-ended device with dimensions, 4.3 mm × 11.5 mm. Abutments with angulations 0°, 10°, 15° and 25° were used. To simulate clinical conditions, a 100 N load axially and 30 N load obliquely was applied.

Result It was seen that, as the abutment angulation changes from 0° to 25°, both the compressive as well as tensile stresses increased; however, they were within the tolerance limit of the bone.

Conclusion The study suggests angled abutments can be used with reasonable success, keeping in mind the basics of implant prosthodontics intact.
Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery or a Palliative Treatment
Authors: Darr Humaa , Abbas Maher A.
Published: June 2020

Endoscopic stenting of the colorectum has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical interventions in a selected group of patients. The main indication for stenting is bowel obstruction. As such stenting can be used to palliate patients with metastatic disease or bridge patients to surgical intervention. The main advantages of stenting in the emergency setting include lower morbidity and mortality, lower incidence of stoma formation, shorter hospitalization, and better quality of life. For patients with unresectable disease and short life expectancy, stenting can be considered. However, for patients with longer life expectancy, the potential long-term complications of a metal stent such as erosion, migration, or obstruction have engendered debate whether such patients are better served by operative intervention. Stenting as a bridge to surgery is an alternative to surgery in patients who are high risk for emergency surgery but concerns remain regarding its impact on oncologic outcome in potentially curable patients.
Sensitivity of a superconducting photon detector with a normal domain
Authors: Bezuglyj A. I. , Shklovskij V. A. , Vovk R. V.
Published: June 2020

This study analyzes a non-threshold electromagnetic radiation detector, which is a current-carrying superconducting film with a normal domain. The normal domain is formed as a result of heating a portion of the film by an external heat source, and Joule heat in the domain. The detection mechanism consists in the fact that the heating of the film by electromagnetic radiation leads to an increase in the length of the normal domain, and thereby to an increase in voltage across the film. The authors have calculated the sensitivity of the detector under consideration, and determined the conditions under which this sensitivity reaches its maximum.
Volatile and sensory analysis to discriminate meat from lambs fed different concentrate-based diets
Authors: Gkarane Vasiliki , Allen Paul , Brunton Nigel P. , Gravador Rufielyn S. , Claffey Noel A. , Harrison Sabine M. , Diskin Michael G. , Fahey Alan G. , Farmer Linda J. , Moloney Aidan P. , Monahan Frank J.
Published: June 2020

Context
Diet is one the most important pre-slaughter factors that potentially influences meat quality, but its effect on flavour quality remains equivocal.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diet composition on the flavour and sensory quality of meat from Texel × Scottish Blackface ram lambs.

Methods
Groups of 11 lambs were assigned to one of the following four dietary treatments for 54 days before slaughter: a concentrate containing barley, maize and soybean (C treatment); C supplemented with a saturated fat source (Megalac®); C supplemented with protected linseed oil; a by-product-based diet containing citrus pulp, distillers grain and soybean. Samples of cooked M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were subjected to volatile analysis involving solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and to sensory analysis performed by a trained panel.

Key results
Univariate analysis of volatile data and sensory data showed few differences due to dietary treatments. However, multivariate analysis of the volatile data, and to a lesser extent the sensory profile data, showed potential to discriminate between lamb meat samples, on the basis of the different dietary treatments.

Conclusions
The inclusion of certain dietary ingredients in the diets of lambs to enhance the nutritional profile of lamb meat (through increasing n-3 fatty acid content) or to reduce feed-formulation costs (through the use of by-products) has minor effects on sensory quality but permits some discrimination between dietary treatments following the application of multivariate analysis.

Implications
The application of the findings is in allowing lamb producers to use alternative feed types without affecting the sensory quality of lamb negatively, but with the potential to discriminate lamb meat on the basis of its dietary background.
The Trip to the Density Functional Theory Zoo Continues: Making a Case for Time-Dependent Double Hybrids for Excited-State Problems
Authors: Goerigk Lars , Casanova-Paéz Marcos
Published: June 2020

This account is written for general users of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods as well as chemists who are unfamiliar with the field. It includes a brief overview of conventional TD-DFT approaches and recommendations for applications to organic molecules based on our own experience. The main emphasis of this work, however, lies in providing the first in-depth review of time-dependent double-hybrid density functionals. They were first established in 2007 with very promising follow-up studies in the subsequent four years before developments or applications became scarce. The topic has regained more interest since 2017, and this account reviews those latest developments led by our group. These developments have shown unprecedented robustness for a variety of different types of electronic excitations when compared to more conventional TD-DFT methods. In particular, time-dependent double hybrids do not suffer from artificial ghost states and are able to reproduce exciton-coupled absorption spectra. Our latest methods include range separation and belong to the currently best TD-DFT methods for singlet-singlet excitations in organic molecules. While there is still room for improvement and further development in this space, we hope that this account encourages users to adjust their computational protocols to such new methods to provide more real-life testing and scenarios.
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 are associated with testicular germ cell proliferation and apoptosis during fish reproduction
Authors: Moreira Davidson P. , Melo Rafael M. C. , Weber André A. , Rizzo Elizete
Published: June 2020

To support sperm production, fish testes undergo intense tissue remodelling, with endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals regulating gonad physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the testicular expression of insulin-like growth factor (Igf) 1 and Igf2 during spermatogenesis, and their relationship with cell proliferation and apoptosis throughout the reproductive cycle. The study was performed in male Hypostomus garmani, a catfish living in headwater rivers of the São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Spermatogenesis was analysed using histology, morphometry, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP–digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) analysis at different maturity stages. The results showed the proliferation of spermatogonia throughout the reproductive cycle, with a higher rate during the ripe stage. Germ and Sertoli cells expressed Igf1 at all stages of testicular maturity, Igf2 was predominant at the ripe stage and both Igf1 and Igf2 occurred at the spent stage. Caspase-3 and TUNEL analysis revealed a higher rate of apoptosis at the spent stage associated with reduced expression of Igf1 and Igf2. Sertoli cell proliferation was associated with spermatogonia and spermatocyte cysts at different stages of the reproductive cycle. Together, the data support a proliferative role for Igf1 and Igf2 in regulating testicular apoptosis in H. garmani, with cyclical variation in their expression during gonad maturation.
Yaravirus: A novel 80-nm virus infecting
Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Boratto Paulo V. M. , Oliveira Graziele P. , Machado Talita B. , Andrade Ana Cláudia S. P. , Baudoin Jean-Pierre , Klose Thomas , Schulz Frederik , Azza Saïd , Decloquement Philippe , Chabrière Eric , Colson Philippe , Levasseur Anthony , La Scola Bernard , Abrahão Jônatas S.
Published: June 2020

Significance

Most of the known viruses of amoeba have been seen to share some features that eventually prompted authors to classify them into common evolutionary groups. Here we describe Yaravirus, an entity that could represent either the first isolated virus of
Acanthamoeba
spp. out of the group of NCLDVs or, in an alternative scenario, a distant and extremely reduced virus of this group. Contrary to what is observed in other isolated viruses of amoeba, Yaravirus does not have a large/giant particle or a complex genome, but at the same time carries a number of previously undescribed genes, including one encoding a divergent major capsid protein. Metagenomic approaches also testified for the rarity of Yaravirus in the environment.
Structural basis for the broad substrate specificity of two acyl-CoA dehydrogenases FadE5 from mycobacteria
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Chen Jiayue , Yan Bing , Zhang Wei , Guddat Luke W. , Liu Xiang , Rao Zihe
Published: June 2020

Significance

The lipid content accounts for approximately 60% of the dry weight of the cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
having more than 250 genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACD), which introduces unsaturation into fatty acids, exhibits strict substrate specificity toward different CoA thioester groups. Here, we identified a unique ACD member in mycobacteria that exhibits broad substrate specificity. Furthermore, we determined crystal structures of the enzyme and enzyme–substrate complexes to explain the broad substrate recognition observed in this system. Given the importance of FadE5 in fatty acid metabolism, these new structures are excellent platforms for rational structure based antituberculosis drug discovery.
X-ray processing of a realistic ice mantle can explain the gas abundances in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Ciaravella Angela , Muñoz Caro Guillermo M. , Jiménez-Escobar Antonio , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare , Hsiao Li-Chieh , Huang Chao-Hui , Chen Yu-Jung
Published: June 2020

Significance

Of the over 200 molecules observed in the tenuous gas filling the space between stars, many are organic. Such species mostly form in simple molecular ices coating dust grains in dark interstellar regions. Understanding the production of organics in the early stages of star formation is critical to tracing the evolution from simple molecules to potentially life-bearing chemistry. Laboratory experiments have shown that a complex chemistry can originate in ices. We experimentally studied the formation and ejection into the gas phase of organics in ice analogues irradiated by X-rays, obtaining results in close agreement with ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks. X-rays from young solar-type stars are thousands of times higher than today’s sun, with chemical implications, so far, relatively unexplored.