bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S×C4IoT: A Security-by-contract Framework for Dynamic Evolving IoT Devices
Authors: Giaretta Alberto , Dragoni Nicola , Massacci Fabio
Published: October 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionised the way devices, and human beings, cooperate and interact. The interconnectivity and mobility brought by IoT devices led to extremely variable networks, as well as unpredictable information flows. In turn, security proved to be a serious issue for the IoT, far more serious than it has been in the past for other technologies. We claim that IoT devices need detailed descriptions of their behaviour to achieve secure default configurations, sufficient security configurability, and self-configurability. In this article, we propose S×C4IoT, a framework that addresses these issues by combining two paradigms: Security by Contract (S×C) and Fog computing. First, we summarise the necessary background such as the basic S×C definitions. Then, we describe how devices interact within S×C4IoT and how our framework manages the dynamic evolution that naturally result from IoT devices life-cycles. Furthermore, we show that S×C4IoT can allow legacy S×C-noncompliant devices to participate with an S×C network, we illustrate two different integration approaches, and we show how they fit into S×C4IoT. Last, we implement the framework as a proof-of-concept. We show the feasibility of S×C4IoT and we run different experiments to evaluate its impact in terms of communication and storage space overhead.
Pharmacologic Activities of Plant‐Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations
Authors: Timalsina Deepak , Pokhrel Krishna Prasad , Bhusal Deepti
Published: October 2021

Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air‐mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID‐19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant‐derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant‐derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.
Investigation and Analysis of Translation Ability Research on the Psychological Obstacles of College Students in English Learning under the Background of Wireless Network Communication
Authors: Zhang Dongmei
Published: October 2021

The experience of learning a series of English languages is not only a series of knowledge acquisition but also a process that enables students to have a continuous psychological transformation. The development of English learning psychology determines the final effect of English learning. Translation ability is an indispensable ability in English learning. The development of translation ability has a profound impact on English learning psychology. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted related investigations on English translation ability and college students’ English learning psychology, but these studies have not established a connection between English translation ability and psychological barriers and have not clearly solved the problem. There is also a large gap in research methods. Theory. This research is aimed at exploring the interaction between translation ability and psychological barriers in English learning under the background of wireless network communication and promoting the improvement of college students’ comprehensive English ability. This article first discusses the content of English translation and expounds the types of learning disabilities and the specific manifestations of learning disabilities. Then, through the questionnaire survey method, it analyzes the translation ability and English learning psychology of the current college students in our country. Finally, the Apriori data association algorithm is used to explain the relationship between them, and specific solutions are proposed based on the survey results. Studies have shown that 72.6% of students have poor English translation skills, and 69.4% of students have psychological obstacles in English learning. Apriori = 0.89, close to 1, indicating that college students’ English translation ability is closely related to psychological barriers.
Seawater Desalination Based on a Bubbling and Vacuum-Enhanced Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Authors: Cao Guangfu , Ma Qingfen , Li Jingru , Wang Shenghui , Wang Chengpeng , Lu Hui , Zheng Yun
Published: October 2021

A Bubbling and Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (BVDCMD) is proposed to improve the water production rate of the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD-)based seawater desalination process. Its heat and mass transfer mechanism are theoretically analyzed, and a CFD model is established, which is verified by the published data. Four types of the noncondensable gas, “O2,” “air,” “N2,” and “H2,” are adopted as the bubbling gas, and their process enhancements under different pressure of permeate side, temperature, and NaCl concentration of feed side and flow velocities are investigated. The results show that the permeate flux increased remarkably with the decrease in the viscosity of the bubbling gas, and hence, “H2” is the best option for the bubbling gas, with the permeate flux being enhanced by 144.11% and the effective heat consumption being increased by 20.81% on average. The effective water production rate of BVDCMD is predicted to be 42.38% more than that of DCMD, proving its feasibility in the seawater desalination.
Motion Sensor Monitoring and Ability Evaluation of Sprint Hurdle Swing Training under the Background of Wireless Communication Network
Authors: Huang Changliang , Xu Yuting
Published: October 2021

The struggle with obstacles has very high technical requirements, and technical movements are particularly complex, requiring the coordination of the entire body of athletes. This article aims to study the training methods and training plans of sprinters, trying to gradually improve the waist strength, abdomen, and hip muscles of sprinters. Through basic strength training, we improve the ability of the body to coordinate strength and give full play to the core strength and sprint technique of the athletes. This paper proposes a motion sensor detection technology, which provides an effective tool for testing and analysis of sports training. The research object of this article is the hurdle running special physical speed, quality, and training methods. Based on a large amount of literature and theoretical analysis, an experimental group and a control group are set up, and an inductive analysis is carried out. The four aspects of peak power and half squat 1RM are discussed and analyzed in detail. The experimental results in this paper show that the extensor muscles of the experimental group increased by 56.5 J and 51.55 J, respectively, and the increase rates were 24.72% and 19.66%, respectively. In the control group, the extensor muscles increased by 85 J and 52 J under the test conditions of 60°/s and 300°/s, respectively, with an increase rate of 38.2% and 51.2%, respectively; the flexors increased by 32.6 J and 22 J, respectively, with an increase rate of 36.25% and 37.28%, respectively.
Structural Behavior of Nanocoated Oil Palm Shell as Coarse Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Nadh V. Swamy , Krishna Chunchubalarama , Natrayan L. , Kumar KoppulaMidhun , Nitesh K. J. N. Sai , Raja G. Bharathi , Paramasivam Prabhu
Published: October 2021

Oil palm shells (OPS) are mechanical waste that is utilized as coarse aggregates in lightweight concrete. These OPS have shape and strength like conventional aggregates yet the substantial made with these OPS invigorates a limit of 18 MPa. The characteristic strength which must be utilized in structures is seen to be around 25 MPa to 30 MPa. Considering the strength as one of the boundaries for design to be sturdy, the OPS are surface-covered with nanosilane compound. This nanosilane covering goes about as infill on the outside of the aggregates and holds the concrete paste as traditional cement. Operations are permeable in nature; their inner construction has permeable design which makes the aggregates frail. Nanosilane coatings go about as holding between the concrete stage and aggregate stage and hold the substantial solid. In the present examination, mechanical and underlying conduct of nanocovered oil palm shell lightweight concrete is contrasted with that of regular cement. Nanocovered oil palm shell lightweight substantial shows comparative strength as customary cement and decrease in nonsustainable wellspring of energy in oil palm shell lightweight concrete. Supplanting of customary cement with oil palm shell concrete addresses the modern waste which can be utilized for making concrete solid and solid. Morphology and material portrayal of oil palm shell and ordinary aggregates are investigated.
Ultrasound-Assisted versus Endoscopic Nasojejunal Tube Placement for Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Feasibility Study
Authors: Li Gang , Lin Jiajia , Liu Yang , Yang Qi , Tong Zhihui , Ke Lu , Li Weiqin
Published: October 2021

Objective. The optimal technique for nasojejunal tube (NJT) placement in terms of facilitating early enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of two common techniques on EN implementation and clinical outcomes in a group of AP patients. Methods. This is a retrospective study. All the data were extracted from an electronic database from August 2015 to October 2017. Patients with a diagnosis of AP requiring NJT placement were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was the successful procedural rate. Results. A total of 53 eligible patients were enrolled, of whom 30 received an ultrasound-assisted technique and the rest received the endoscopy method (

n
=
23

). There was no difference in success rates of initial placement procedures between the two groups (93.3% and 95.7% in the ultrasound-assisted group and endoscopy group, respectively). The mean amount of EN delivery within the first three days after NJT placement was significantly higher in the ultrasound-assisted group (841.4 kcal (95% CI: 738.8, 944 kcal) vs. 652.5 kcal (95% CI: 562.5, 742.6 kcal),

P
=
0.018

). Moreover, a slight increased postprocedural intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was observed in patients undergoing endoscopic procedures, but not in the ultrasound-assisted group, especially at 6 hours after NJT placement (0.35 vs. -2.01 from baseline,

P
<
0.05

). For clinical outcomes, we observed no difference between groups. Conclusion. Compared with endoscopic procedures, ultrasound-assisted NJT placement possesses the acceptable success rates of initial placement procedures.
Survival of Toddler with Aortoesophageal Fistula after Button Battery Ingestion
Authors: Gibbs Hannah , Sethia Rishabh , McConnell Patrick I. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Shinoka Toshiharu , Williams Kent , Jatana Kris R.
Published: October 2021

Button batteries (BBs) are found in many households and are a source of esophageal foreign body in the pediatric population. Upon ingestion, significant caustic injury can occur within 2 hours leading to tissue damage and severe, potentially fatal sequelae. Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare complication that nearly always results in mortality. We report a rare case of a toddler who developed an AEF after BB ingestion and survived following staged aortic repair. There should be a high index of suspicion for this complication with the history of BB ingestion and presence of hematemesis, hemoptysis, or melena.
Sports Monitoring Method of National Sports Events Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wang Zhongxiao , Zhu Dong
Published: October 2021

Ethnic sports are various ethnic sports that have gradually evolved into various popular sports in the long‐term life experience, according to different living habits and residential areas, in the hunting activities of similar sports in the past. Based on the use of wireless sensor networks, this paper monitors the traditional national sports activities, provides real‐time feedback on the actual human body conditions in different sports, and finds out the pros and cons of traditional sports and makes improvements. The object proposes a national automated monitoring test, which uses several small sensors in the wireless sensor network to transmit information to monitor many real conditions in the human body during multisport, so as to find out that the national sports exercise is in real life. Experimental results show that in recent years, all ethnic groups have attached great importance to ethnic sports. The 11th Ethnic Minority Games held in 2019 will have 18 competitions, 17 individual events, 131 small events, and 55 ethnic minorities that participated in the joint participation of more than 7000 athletes participating in traditional sports of all nationalities and are the best inheritance and development of national sports.
Digital Inclusive Finance, Multidimensional Education, and Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Behavior
Authors: Liu Ziqiang , Zhang Yihao , Li Hongyi
Published: October 2021

Scarce financial supply and low education level are important factors that inhibit the entrepreneurial behavior of rural residents in China. Based on the Static Career Choice Model, this paper matches the 2016 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) micro-data with the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusive Index of the previous years to empirically test the impact of digital financial inclusion and academic education, tacit knowledge, and Internet learning on farmers. The direct influence and linkage effect of entrepreneurial behaviors revealed that digital financial inclusion and multidimensional education could significantly promote farmers’ entrepreneurial choices. Digital financial inclusion can relieve the constraints of insufficient academic education on farmers’ entrepreneurial choices, partially replace the tacit knowledge for rural residents, and improve the efficiency of Internet learning, which ultimately enhances the entrepreneurial behavior choices of the farmers. Our results are still significant and robust with respect to the sample data, explained variables, and estimation methods. We also consider the use of instrumental variables to overcome the potential endogeneity issues. Through comparative analysis of different regions, it is found that the performance is particularly obvious in the eastern region.
Identifying Interindustry CO2 Emissions Transfer Structure Using Network Methods
Authors: Chen Xiaozhen , Xiao Wenwen
Published: October 2021

People′s production and life have been inseparable from the consumption of various products, which often directly or indirectly release CO2. As CO2 emissions can transfer among industries, the identification and classification of the industries that release CO2 directly or indirectly can contribute to curbing the CO2 emissions. This paper proposes an input‐output‐based methodology to measure CO2 emissions transfer caused by linkages between industries in an economy and constructs the network topology in terms of the remarkable coefficients of interindustry CO2 emissions transfer. We classify all industries according to the role played in the emissions transfer process, and the network is represented by a “Bow‐Tie” structure. In the visualization expression, it is easy to find the star nodes and the transmission paths of CO2 emissions among industries. Finally, the method is applied to the case of China. Empirical results indicate that the method developed in this paper provides new tools for the study of industrial CO2 emissions theory.
[Retracted] A Bioinformatics Approach for the Prediction of Immunogenic Properties and Structure of the SARS‐COV‐2 B.1.617.1 Variant Spike Protein
Authors: Srivastava Vijay Kumar , Kaushik Sanket , Bhargava Gazal , Jain Ajay , Saxena Juhi , Jyoti Anupam
Published: October 2021

Background. B.1.617.1, a variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing respiratory illness is responsible for the second wave of COVID‐19 and associated with a high incidence of infectivity and mortality. To mitigate the B.1.617.1 variant of SARS‐CoV‐2, deciphering the protein structure and immunological responses by employing bioinformatics tools for data mining and analysis is pivotal. Objectives. Here, an in silico approach was employed for deciphering the structure and immune function of the subunit of spike (S) protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.617.1 variant. Methods. The partial amino acid sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.617.1 variant S protein was analyzed, and its putative secondary and tertiary structure was predicted. Immunogenic analyses including B‐ and T‐cell epitopes, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) response, chemokine, and protective antigens for SARS‐CoV 2 S proteins were predicted using appropriate tools. Results. B.1.617.1 variant S protein sequence was found to be highly stable and amphipathic. ABCpred and CTLpred analyses led to the identification of two potential antigenic B cell and T cell epitopes with starting amino acid positions at 60 and 82 (for B cell epitopes) and 54 and 98 (for T cell epitopes) having prediction scores > 0.8. Further, RAMPAGE tool was used for determining the allowed and disallowed regions of the three‐dimensional predicted structure of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.617.1 variant S protein. Conclusion. Together, the in silico analysis revealed the predicted structure of partial S protein, immunogenic properties, and possible regions for S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 and provides a valuable prelude for engineering the targeted vaccine or drug against B.1.617.1 variant of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Improved Sound Absorption Properties in Polyurethane Foams by the Inclusion of Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Binxia , Fang Xinyi , Liu Jianben , Liu Yan , Zhu Rui
Published: October 2021

At present, the scale of China’s power grid is becoming larger and larger, and the control of low‐frequency noise in substations (especially for transformers) is very important. The sound‐absorbing materials have become one of the important ways to control low‐frequency noise. The single polyurethane material cannot satisfy the requirements for reducing low‐frequency noise, so it is very necessary to study its composite with other materials. In the paper, the flexible polyurethane foam and Al2O3 nanoparticle composites were obtained by the impregnation method. The method was simple, safe, and easy to control. The morphology and sound absorption coefficient of the foam materials before and after filling were analyzed. Single‐hole acoustic cavity models of PU and Al2O3‐PU composite were established through the finite element. The absorption and dissipation process of sound pressure for single hole was studied to understand the energy dissipation process. Meanwhile, through studying acoustic energy storage and acoustic energy dissipation, the loss factor of a single hole was obtained, which can predict the change rule of the sound absorption coefficient for PU foam and Al2O3‐PU.
Studies on the Incompatibility between Bulbus fritillariae and Radix aconiti praeparata Based on the P-gp
Authors: Liu Weijun , Wei Ling , Kanai Yoshikatsu , He Xin
Published: October 2021

Bulbus fritillariae and Radix aconiti praeparata are an incompatible herbal pair in the traditional Chinese medicine theory “eighteen incompatible medicaments,” and they should not be used simultaneously in clinical treatment for safety. This study aimed to investigate the incompatibility mechanism between Bulbus fritillariae and Radix aconiti praeparata based on their interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The interaction between Bulbus fritillariae and Radix aconiti praeparata during in vitro decocting as well as in vivo absorption was investigated by determining the dry extract yield and by rat single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model. Inhibition of different species of Bulbus fritillariae on P-gp function was examined using the SPIP model. The mRNA and protein expression of P-gp was determined by PCR and western blotting. The active ingredients of Bulbus fritillariae were predicted and screened for inhibiting P-gp activity by Schrodinger’s molecular docking and MDR1-MDCK cell transport study, respectively. Mediation of monoester alkaloids in Radix aconiti praeparata by P-gp was predicted and examined using Schrodinger’s molecular docking and SPIP experiment, respectively. In the results, when Radix aconiti praeparata was combined with Bulbus fritillariae, the toxic ingredient benzoylmesaconine in Radix aconiti praeparata displayed higher intestinal permeability, whereas the toxic ingredients showed no significant difference during the in vitro decoction process. Bulbus fritillariae thunbergii inhibited both the P-gp function and expression; in contrast, Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae inhibited the function only. Alkaloids including peimine, peimisine, and imperialine were the active ingredients for inhibiting P-gp activity. Benzoylmesaconine in Radix aconiti praeparata was the substrate of P-gp.
Study on the Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the Treatment of Traumatic Bone Defects
Authors: Tan Qian , Liu Yaoxi , Lei Ting , Ye Weihua , Hu Xin , Mei Haibo , Yang Ge
Published: October 2021

Traumatic bone defect is one of the major orthopedic diseases in clinics, and its incidence is increasing year by year. And repairing traumatic bone defects is a very difficult problem in clinics at present. The surface of medical titanium-based alloy has good biological properties, and its implant has a certain role in promoting bone in bone tissue. However, titanium-based materials are biologically inert and have no biological activity. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza has the efficacy of treating bone diseases and promoting bone healing. The curative effect can be better exerted by loading the traditional Chinese medicine active compound Salvia miltiorrhiza on the surface of the titanium implant in a certain way. At present, due to the complex chemical composition of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the mechanism of its use for the treatment of traumatic bone defects is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we mainly discussed the potential target and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of traumatic bone defects through network pharmacology, which may provide a scientific basis for the treatment of traumatic bone defects with Salvia miltiorrhiza loaded on the surface of medical titanium-based alloy. We screened out effective compounds and targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza and targets related to traumatic bone defects with the help of relevant databases. The targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza for traumatic bone defects were analyzed by STRING and GeneCards databases, and the results were visualized by constructing a compound-target network, protein-protein interaction network, and compound-target-disease network with Cytoscape 3.7.1 analysis software. Finally, the selected core targets carried out GO and KEGG enrichment. The results showed that 60 main active components were screened from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which could act on 149 targets. There were 33 active components and 70 targets related to traumatic bone defects, respectively. The core targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of traumatic bone defects were MAPK1, MAPK10, MAPK14, TGFB1, and TNF. The results of enrichment analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza might treat traumatic bone defects through an osteogenic differentiation pathway.
Silk Fibroin: A Promising Tool for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Vidya M. , Rajagopal Senthilkumar
Published: October 2021

Silk is a functional protein biomaterial produced by a variety of insects like flies, silkworms, scorpions, spiders, and mites. Silk synthesized by silkworms is extensively studied for its applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. Silk is undoubtedly a natural biocompatible material with humans and has its role in medical treatments from ancient times. The silk worm protein comprises two types of proteins namely fibroin and sericin. Silk fibroin makes up approximately 70% of cocoon weight and has wide applications in textiles and in all biomedical applications owing to its biocompatible, nontoxic, biodegradable, less immunogenic, and noncarcinogenic nature. It possesses outstanding toughness and mechanical strength, while silk sericin possesses high defensive ability against ultraviolet light and oxidation. Silk fibroin has been known to induce wound healing by increasing cell proliferation and growth and migrating various types of cells which are involved in different stages of wound healing process. With several silk varieties like silk worm fibroin, silk sericin, recombinant silk materials, and native spider silk have been investigated for its wound healing applications over the last several decades. With an objective of harnessing the silk regenerative properties, plentiful strategies have been studied and applied to develop bioartificial skin grafts and bioactive wound dressings in recent times. This review gives a detailed insight into the structure, general properties, fibroin structure-properties relationship, and biomedical applications of silk fibroin.
Establishing a Primary Care Alliance for Conducting Cancer Prevention Clinical Research at Community Sites
Authors: Parker Bernard W. , McAneny Barbara L. , Mitchell Edith P. , López Ana María , Russo Sandra A. , Maxwell Pamela , Ford Leslie G. , McCaskill-Stevens Worta ,   for the National Cancer Institute PARTNRS Planning Committee
Published: October 2021

In September 2020, the National Cancer Institute convened the first PARTNRS Workshop as an initiative to forge partnerships between oncologists, primary care professionals, and non-oncology specialists for promoting patient accrual into cancer prevention trials. This effort is aimed at bringing about more effective accrual methods to generate decisive outcomes in cancer prevention research. The workshop convened to inspire solutions to challenges encountered during the development and implementation of cancer prevention trials. Ultimately, strategies suggested for protocol development might enhance integration of these trials into community settings where a diversity of patients might be accrued. Research Bases (cancer research organizations that develop protocols) could encourage more involvement of primary care professionals, relevant prevention specialists, and patient representatives with protocol development beginning at the concept level to improve adoptability of the trials within community facilities, and consider various incentives to primary care professionals (i.e., remuneration). Principal investigators serving as liaisons for the NCORP affiliates and sub-affiliates, might produce and maintain “Prevention Research Champions” lists of PCPs and non-oncology specialists relevant in prevention research who can attract health professionals to consider incorporating prevention research into their practices. Finally, patient advocates and community health providers might convince patients of the benefits of trial-participation and encourage “shared-decision making.”
Down, but Not Out: A Role for SMARCB1 in Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Maxwell Matthew B. , Hargreaves Diana C.
Published: October 2021

Reduced protein expression of the BAF complex (also known as SWI/SNF) tumor suppressor SMARCB1 is frequently observed in human synovial sarcoma, a soft-tissue malignancy driven by the oncogenic SS18–SSX fusion, which competes with wild-type SS18 for BAF complex incorporation. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Li and Mulvihill reveal that low-expressed SMARCB1 has a functional role in synovial sarcomagenesis in mouse models expressing the SS18–SSX2 fusion and present evidence that SMARCB1 reduction in synovial sarcoma is due to wholesale degradation of canonical BAF complexes.

See related article by Li et al., p. 2620.
Where Attractiveness and Comprehensibility Collide: Representing Verbal and Visual Information
Authors: Koetsenruijter Willem
Published: October 2021

The question of this article is: can we define certain types of information that are specifically suitable for a visual representation while other types of information can be better represented verbally? The concept of space is introduced as the central notion to make this distinction in combination with the knowledge of metaphors. Three conditions are formulated when text does a better job than a visualization.
Popular Science Images: Reflections on Visual Practices in Science Communication
Authors: Heekeren Simone
Published: October 2021

Images play a considerable role in the communication of scientific knowledge. This article deals with the recontextualization of originally scientific images in multimodal popular science articles. The focus is on the visual editing of these images, and thus on an aspect of visual design in science communication. I present different types of multimodal transcriptive procedures that are related to the recontextualization and readdressing of images in popular science contexts. Since these procedures may be accompanied by a change in the legibility of visualizations, I will conclude by suggesting possible implications for the evidence potential of popular science images.
Detecting apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 protein expression in diabetica nephropathy rats using magnetic hydrophilic nanomaterials
Authors: Dai Li , Yu Xiaohui , Miao Chusheng , Zheng Shefeng , Li Shanshan , Zhao Zhangjian
Published: October 2021

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling is involved in the occurrence and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) renal fibrosis, yet the detection of ASK1 requires further investigation. To explore the effect of magnetic nanomaterials combined with ASK1 signaling on
renal fibrosis, a DN rat model was generated. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three experimental models: control, sham-operated, and DN model groups. Concentrations of postoperative serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured to determine the success
of the DN model group. Chitosan coated magnetic hydrophilic nanomaterials (Fe3O4@CS MCNCs) were prepared by a “one-pot reaction” method, and further characterized to assess their protein adsorption properties. ASK1 protein expression was analyzed by combining
conventional immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques with the magnetic nanomaterials. Serum Scr and BUN levels in the DN model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), indicating that the model was successfully generated. Fe3O4@CS MCNCs were
characterized and demonstrated effective hydrophilicity, magnetism, and protein adsorption capacity, highlighting its potential application in proteomic research. The detection of ASK1 protein expression was consistent with that of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting when using the magnetic
nanomaterials. Furthermore, ASK1 protein expression in the DN model group was significantly increased compared with the control and sham-operated groups. In this study, magnetic hydrophilic nanomaterials were demonstrated to be feasible for protein detection. In addition, the results indicated
the potential involvement of ASK1 signaling in the process of renal fibrosis in DN rats.
Visual solution to minimum spanning tree problem based on DNA origami
Authors: Yang Jing , Yin Zhixiang , Tang Zhen , Pang Xue , Cui Jianzhong , Liu Congcong
Published: October 2021

DNA origami is a highly precise nanometer material based on DNA molecular. In the current study, we present a visual computing model of minimum spanning tree that combines advantages of DNA origami, hybridization chain reaction and nano-gold particles. Nano-gold particles were used
to represent vertices and molecular beacons with fluorescent labels were used as anchor strands, which were fixed on origami substrate with staple strands according to the shape in graph. We then induced hybridization chain reaction using initiator strands and fuel strands. Lastly the problem
was detected using fluorescence. The model provides a visualized calculation model of minimum spanning tree by using hybridization chain reaction and fluorescence labeling on origami bases. This model utilizes their advantages and demonstrates effectiveness of the model through case simulation.
It also reduces computational complexity of the problem and improve the way of solution reading.
Association Between Neonates With Laryngomalacia and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Abraham Elizabeth J. , Danis David O’Neil , Levi Jessica R.
Published: October 2021

Objective:

Laryngomalacia (LM) is the most common congenital anomaly of the larynx. The cause of LM is still largely unknown, but a neurological mechanism has gained the most acceptance. There have not been any studies examining the prevalence of LM in infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). The aim of our study is to determine if infants with NAS are more likely to be diagnosed with LM.

Methods:

This study was a population-based inpatient registry analysis. We examined nationwide neonatal discharges in 2016 using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). Only patients listed as neonates were included. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for neonatal withdrawal symptoms from maternal use of drugs of addiction (P96.1) and diagnoses denoting LM were used. To quantify associations between the LM and NAS groups, prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) were used.

Results:

There were 3 970 065 weighted neonatal discharges in the 2016 KID. Among patients included in our dataset, 0.809% (32 128) had NAS and 0.075% (2974) had LM. There was an increased odds ratio for neonates with NAS and LM (OR of 2.85, 95% CI = 2.24-3.63) compared to infants without NAS. Multiple logistic regression accounting for possible confounders produced an adjusted OR of 1.68 (95% CI = 1.29-2.19).

Conclusion:

Our study found an association between NAS and LM. This suggests that prenatal exposure to opioids or possibly the sequelae of withdrawal symptoms may be risk factors for the development of LM.
Impact of 10-Min Daily Yoga Exercises on Physical and Mental Discomfort of Home-Office Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Garcia Maria-Gabriela , Estrella Melany , Peñafiel Angie , Arauz Paul G. , Martin Bernard J.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Evaluate the effects of 10 min/day of yoga for 1 month on musculoskeletal discomfort and mood disturbance of home-office workers.

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many people to switch to teleworking. The abrupt change from an office setting to an improvised home-office may negatively affect the musculoskeletal and emotional health of workers. By providing mental and physical exercises, yoga may be effective in reducing adverse effects.

Method

Fifty-four participants (42 women, 12 men) followed a 1-month yoga program, while 40 participants (26 women, 14 men) continued with their common work routine. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was used to evaluate severity, interference with work and frequency of pain, and to obtain a total discomfort score for 25 body areas. Mood disturbance was evaluated with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Both groups completed both questionnaires, before and after the experimentation period.

Results

After 1 month, for the yoga group only, significant reductions were observed in the discomfort of eyes, head, neck, upper and lower back, right wrist, and hips/buttocks, as well as reductions in discomfort severity, frequency and interference for the neck, upper and lower back. Total mood disturbance was also significantly reduced for the yoga group only. No favorable changes occurred for the control group.

Conclusion

The yoga intervention program appears to reduce musculoskeletal discomfort and mood disturbance of home-office workers.

Application

Sedentary workers may benefit from 10 min/day of yoga during the workday to attenuate potential physical and emotional discomfort during the current pandemic and beyond.
Duration-Weighted Exposure to Neighborhood Disadvantage and Racial-Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Sexual Behavior
Authors: Carlson Daniel L. , Bellair Paul E. , McNulty Thomas L.
Published: October 2021

Racial-ethnic disparities in adolescent sexual risk behavior are associated with health disparities during adulthood and are therefore important to understand. Some scholars argue that neighborhood disadvantage induces disparities, yet prior research is mixed. We extend neighborhood-effects research by addressing long-term exposure to neighborhood disadvantage and estimation bias resulting from inclusion of time-varying covariates. Drawing from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, we compare a point-in-time proximal measure of neighborhood disadvantage with a duration-weighted measure using marginal structural models with inverse probability of treatment weights. Findings indicate that multiracial, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic youth exhibit significantly higher sexual risk and duration-weighted exposure to neighborhood disadvantage than non-Hispanic white adolescents. Duration-weighted exposure is a better predictor of sexual initiation and number of partners by age 15 than a point-in-time proximal measure of neighborhood disadvantage and accounts for a substantial portion of the race-ethnic differences in sexual risk.
Prosodic Disambiguation in First and Second Language Production: English and Korean
Authors: Baek Hyunah
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the use of prosodic cues for syntactic ambiguity resolution by first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers. In a production experiment, sentences with relative clause attachment ambiguity were elicited in three language conditions: native English speakers’ L1 productions as well as Korean-English bilingual speakers’ L1 Korean and L2 English productions. The results show that English uses both boundary marking (pause) and relative word prominence (elevated pitch and intensity) for disambiguation, while Korean mainly relies on boundary marking (pre-boundary lengthening and pause). The bilingual speakers have learned to use the English phonological categories such as pitch accents for disambiguation, but their use of phonetic cues to realize these categories still differed from that of native English speakers. In addition, they did not show a significant use of boundary cues. These results are discussed in relation to the typological differences between the prosody of English and of Korean.
Consent for septoplasty: Are we meeting patients’ expectations?
Authors: Raja Haseem , Talwar Rishi
Published: October 2021

The requirements for informed consent were modified in 2015 following the UK Supreme Court judgment of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board. This marked a decisive shift from the traditional paternalistic ‘doctor knows best' model towards a more patient-centred approach. This study examines the current standard of consent for septoplasty and whether it complies with the law. We also report whether the ‘reasonable patient’ and surgeon agree about which risks should be discussed during the consent process. Ten complications were identified as common or serious via a literature search. Using questionnaires, 21 Ears, Nose and Throat surgeons were asked which of these they routinely discussed, and 103 patients were asked how seriously they regarded those complications. Results were compared using the Test of Proportions. Most surgeons routinely discuss all risks except negative change in sense of smell and numbness of upper incisors. The ‘reasonable patient’ regarded these two complications as serious or very serious. However, less than 70% of surgeons mentioned them. A significant proportion of Ears, Nose and Throat surgeons do not routinely mention all the risks that the ‘reasonable patient' would want to know about before undergoing a septoplasty. This may result in more clinical negligence claims, as managing a patient's reasonable expectations is an important factor.
Remote TPC Internships: Infrastructures for Success
Authors: Bay Jennifer , Fillenwarth Gracemarie Mike , Masters-Wheeler Christine
Published: October 2021

Though the remote internship is certainly not a new phenomenon, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the growth of this model for undergraduate experiential learning. As we consider this shift, we must evaluate how to best assist students completing remote internships. In this article, we argue that infrastructure offers a useful framework for understanding students’ internship experience and corresponding professionalization. We present two case studies of student remote internship experiences, analyzing areas of challenge and success through the infrastructural areas of writing projects, communication, and logistics. We offer recommendations for faculty working with remote student interns to promote positive learning experiences.
My father was a wandering Aramean: Toward a missiological understanding of hybridity in the Abrahamic narrative
Authors: Edwards Sarita Gallagher
Published: October 2021

The person of Abraham embodies the tension of living in-between. In studying the life of Abraham, the focus is often on the theological importance of the patriarch’s missional role as a vehicle of blessing to the nations as expressed in Genesis 12:1–3. In recent years, however, the missiological significance of who Abraham was has begun to emerge. Imbedded in the very identity of Abraham is this sense of hybridity; of multiple belonging; cultural identities wedded together; of the fusion that takes place when you are in-between people groups, languages, and lands. In the case of Abraham, this hybrid identity is magnified as the patriarch leaves his Mesopotamian birthplace and travels to a new land that never fully becomes his own. Throughout the rest of his life, Abraham remains a “wandering Aramean” and a foreigner until his death. As God’s missional blessing through Abraham is fulfilled in Scripture, Abraham’s hybrid identity also embodies God’s missional heart to the nations. In this article, I highlight how the hybridity embedded in Abraham’s person provides insight into contemporary mission theory and praxis.
Meditation Apps and the Promise of Attention by Design
Authors: Jablonsky Rebecca
Published: October 2021

This article demonstrates how meditation apps, such as Headspace and Calm, are imbricated within public discourse about technology addiction, exploring the consequences of this discourse on contemporary mental life. Based on ethnographic research with designers and users of meditation apps, I identify a promise put forth by meditation app companies that I call attention by design: a discursive strategy that frames attention as an antidote to technology addiction, which is ostensibly made possible when design is done right. I argue that attention by design is a promise unfulfilled. Meditation app companies construct attention as socially valuable by endlessly pointing out its purported opposite, technology addiction. Attention by design is promissory in that it keeps promising even when it doesn’t deliver what it promises, compelling the user to return to a practice that represents socially desirable traits that can never be fully acquired—and that often recede further from reach as the person becomes distracted by other obligations and communication mediated through the smartphone. Despite this broken promise, users believe they are becoming more attentive. The promissory attention designed into meditation apps reflects a new form of governmentality, in which users receive a mental nudge to reinterpret similarly designed experiences as different.
Consistency and Transformation of Filial Responsibility Attitudes in China: Evidence from Panel Study of Family Dynamics of 2004 and 2017
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Wan Guowei , Gu Yao
Published: October 2021

Objective: This study analyzes the trend of change and influencing factors of filial responsibility attitudes in China. Method: The study uses data of Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) conducted in three Southeast regions in China in the year 2004 and 2017. Results: This study has two major findings. First, there was no significant decline in filial responsibility attitudes over the decade in spite of aging tendency. Both Reciprocal Filial Piety (RFP) and Authoritative Filial Piety (AFP) have not declined, with similar trend to men and women. Second, factors affecting filial responsibility attitudes have changed over the 13 years, with the impact of educational attainment and employment declining, while the effect of marital status increasing. Gender heterogeneity in the process was obvious. Conclusion: This study adds to literature on filial piety in Confucian society and provides empirical evidence on the future of cross-cultural filial responsibility attitudes.
He’s Working from Home and I’m at Home Trying to Work: Experiences of Childcare and the Work–Family Balance Among Mothers During COVID-19
Authors: Martucci Sara
Published: October 2021

This article captures mothers’ experiences of the work–family balance and division of household labor during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Interviews were conducted with twenty-five academics and twenty professionals in other fields. Mothers who split childcare with their partners had a more positive experience of the work–family balance during lockdown, compared with mothers who did the majority of the childcare. The present study adds a new wrinkle into the literature on flexibility and work–family balance: the perception of flexibility and its impact on the division of labor. Academic mothers, who had always had highly “flexible” jobs, were less likely to split childcare with their partners pre-pandemic and thus less likely to have positive experiences of work–family balance during the Spring 2020 lockdown. I argue that perceived flexibility of a partner’s job affected allocation of childcare during the initial stages of the pandemic, a moment that wreaked significant harm on women’s careers.