bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the Artificial Neural Networks with Multiwavelet Transform on Phoneme recognition
Authors: AlKhafaji Baydaa Jaffer , Salih May A. , Shnain Shaymaa AbdulHussein , Rashid Omar Adel , Rashid Abdulla Adil , Hussein Moheeb Tariq
Published: March 2021

There are several advantages of Phoneme recognition. identification. It is easier to use speech for data entrance spoken communication for data ingress than other tools. It allows writing user-friendly data entrance exploiter-friendly data ingress programs. There are several difficulties in speech voice communication recognition. One of these difficulties is noise. Variability in speech is another problem. Even the speech of same speaker varies. The ability of artificial neural networks to generalize and optimize more quickly than some conventional algorithms algorithmic rule has been observed in different areas of research inquiry such as speech and pattern convention recognition, financial forecasting prognostication, image data compression and noise reduction simplification in signal processing. Neural networks take advantage of the redundancy incorporated in their distributed processing structures the proposed system depends on Artificial Neural Networks Network as decision making qualification algorithm to find the best match peer for the tested phonemes. Phoneme. The data used in this project are Arabic phonemes language phoneme stored as 8-bit mono infectious mononucleosis 8000Hz PCM WAVE Sound Auditory sensation file. The results showed that the accuracy of the proposed system is 98% recognizes the phonemes efficiently.
Study of Some Factors Affecting on the Chickenpox Cases by Using the Partial Linear Regression Model
Authors: Mahdi Nabaa Naeem , Raheem Auday Taha , Rasheed Aseel Abdul Razzak
Published: March 2021

Chickenpox is classified as a transmission disease, especially young ages from three months to 15 years old. This study clarifies the effect of the area, population, and the number of the health centers on the number of cases of chickenpox disease in the Rusafa district, Baghdad, Iraq. We use the Partial Linear Model (PLM) that divides the independent variables into two parts (parametric and non-parametric). Moreover, choosing the best model that represents data of the chickenpox disease, using criteria (R2, Bic, Aic) from six models. The results of the study show a positive relation between the number of cases and number of health centers.
A Review on Distributed Blockchain Technology for E-voting Systems
Authors: Sahib Rihab H , Al-Shamery Eman S.
Published: March 2021

Election is an important event in all countries. Conventional voting suffers many issues, such as cost of time and efforts needed for tallying and counting results, cost in papers, arrangements and all that it takes for a voting process to be achieved. Many countries such as Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, France, Germany, India, Italy, Namibia, the Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Switzerland, the UK, Venezuela and the Philippines considered online e-voting systems, but the traditional e-voting systems suffer a lack of trust, it is not known if a vote is counted correctly, tampered or not. The voter has no guarantee that his/her vote is considered as they voted in elections, it’s a lack of transparency. A solution is e-voting systems based on blockchain (sometimes referred as Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)) has now turned to be promising for what properties it offer, such as, privacy, security, transparency, accuracy, decentralization in which no central control exist, and most of all, creates an immutable system, where citizens are allowed to vote from their location by using digital devices (smart phones, computers, electronic voting machines). Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many technology applications are heading towards systems with all these properties, at the same time, maintaining social distancing. This review introduced many different ideas for implementing e-voting systems based on Blockchain and how the users (voters and candidates) interact with the system showing the voting process from the first step of registration to authentication till showing the final results. At the end of this review we will illustrate a table that contain all mechanisms used in the papers involved that covers the most important requirements needed for every e-voting system based on blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
Bifurcation of Novel Seven-Dimension Hyper Chaotic System
Authors: Zghair Hayder Kadhim , Mehdi Sadiq A. , Sadkhan Sattar B.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, introduced a novel seven dimensions (7D) nonlinear hyperchaotic system in third-order. A chaotic behavior that has twelve positive parameters for novel 7D hyperchaotic is analyzed through calculating the Lyapunov exponent, attracter of the system, fractional dimension, influence parameters, dissipative, bifurcation path, and phase portraits. It is well known that one of the chaotic definitions is the novel 7D chaotic if it satisfies positive Lyapunov exponent at each point on its domain (eventually periodic). The results from the numerical analysis of Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation have shown that there are periodic dynamic behaviors, quasi-periodic, the existence of chaotic attractors, and hyperchaotic for our analyzed to the proposed system. Also, some complex dynamic behaviors are discussed, such as equilibrium stability, Besides, discuss when a parameter changes a properties phase portrait change also. The dynamics of the proposed novel 7D hyperchaotic simulated and implemented using the Mathematica program provided qualitatively and it illustrated phase portraits.
A Proposed Intelligent Features Selection Method Using Meerkat Clan Algorithm
Authors: Jameel Noor , Abdullah Hasanen S.
Published: March 2021

The feature selection process stand to select the subset of feature from the set of datasets to get the relevant an important features and remove irrelevant features. The feature selection types are supervised, unsupervised or semi-supervised. The feature selection methods are divided into: traditional methods such as Correlation and Information Gain or others and intelligent methods such as fuzzy logic, or use the swarm intelligence methods in feature selection such as Ant colony and Bees colony. This paper proposes an Intelligent Features Selection method based on Meerkat Clan Algorithm (IFS\MCA) system, when it used the modern MCA as first time to use the algorithm in feature selection to select the best subset of feature. This proposal used four set of dataset which as (Fri_c4, Sonar, Scene, Satellite), the efficiency of the proposal in feature selection is powerful and high accuracy when comparing with other standard methods in feature selection which as Correlation and Information gain when use the same set of dataset. The proposed IFS\MCA system uses the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) as a proposed choice as a fitness function (which is used as a first time with feature selection process).
Kerberos Authentication for Big Data Applications on Cloud Environment
Authors: Albaldawi Wafaa S. , Almuttairi Rafah M.
Published: March 2021

The large set of User, Sensor, Medical, and Enterprise data can be collected and obtaion big data. Therefore, there is a need for platform for storing, managing and distributing it across multiple nodes. In the paper, we represent approach which is based on Kerberos in Hadoop distributed file system. It is used to access the right blocks of data by the authorized user only. To provide a security in Namenode, Ticket Granting Ticket and Service Ticket have been used for that. Kerberos installation in server and clients are illustrated in details.
The Fear Effect on a Food Chain Prey-Predator Model Incorporating a Prey Refuge and Harvesting
Authors: Alabacy Zina Kh. , Majeed Azhar A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate the impact of fear on a food chain mathematical model with prey refuge and harvesting. The prey species reproduces by to the law of logistic growth. The model is adapted from version of the Holling type-II prey-first predator and Lotka-Volterra for first predator-second predator model. The conditions, have been examined that assurance the existence of equilibrium points. Uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the system have been achieve. The local and global dynamical behaviors are discussed and analyzed. In the end, numerical simulations are confirmed the theoretical results that obtained and to display the effectiveness of varying each parameter on our proposed model.
Nearly Monotone Neural Approximation with Quadratic Activation Function
Authors: Almurieb Hawraa Abbas , Bhaya Eman Samir
Published: March 2021

Quadratic functions give good rates of approximation when used as activation functions of feedforward neural networks. Also, monotonicity is important to describe the function behavior, so the behavior of its constrained approximation. Previously, the degree of approximation by feedforward neural networks with quadratic activation function is proved to be within no less than the second order modulus of smoothness. In this paper, we discuss whether the improvement of the above estimates for Lebesgue integrable functions is possible or not. By nearly monotone approximation, it is possible to talk about a higher order modulus of smoothness, while it is not for just monotone functions. We get a nearly monotone function approximation by splitting the interval [0,1] into a partition with infinitely small lengths and then excluding intervals near the endpoints of the partition’s subintervals. However, counter examples cut hope for any more improvement outside that restricted interval. All the results are proved in the Lp-space with p < 1.
Performance Analysis of Least Significant Bit Based Watermarking Technique Under Various Types of Attacks
Authors: Hasan Afkar Ali , Jawad Majid Jabbar , Naser Mohammed Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Digital information transferred through internet should be protection from unauthorized and attack resource using one of the information security system method, one of these methods was digital watermarking was used in order to prevent information from various types of attack adversary since it satisfies all security system requirements (authentication, integrity and confident). Digital watermarking is used digital image for several purposes such as authentication, copyright, and many purposes. This paper we embedded (number of bits) MSB of watermark image in the (number of bits) LSB of cover image by proposed embedding algorithm, where the ratio of appearing information of the watermark in the watermarked image depends on a number bits embedded. Such that increasing the number bits increase the information display. The performance of the algorithm for watermarking and quality of reconstructed image have been measured in terms of MSE and PSNR. This paper produced performance analysis of image watermarking technique depend on least significant bit against several attacks (Gaussian, salt and pepper noise, Poisson and Speckle). The result of the attack appears that salt and pepper attack give best result than other types when it applied on the original image and watermarked image. Simulation results show that best results were achieved against Salt and Pepper attack in terms of less MSE and high PSNR. MATLAB language is used for implementing the suggested Algorithm.
On S-Prime and S-Semiprime RΓ-Submodules of RΓ-Module
Authors: Zyarah Ali Abd Alhussein , Al-Mothafar Nuhad Salim
Published: March 2021

Let R be a Γ-ring and G be a RΓ-module. Aproper RΓ-submodule E of G is said to be S-prime (S-semiprime) RΓ-submodule of G whenever μ(K) ⊆ E ( μ(m) γ μ(m) E ), for some K be a RΓ-submodule of G, where End (G), y Γ and m G, then K ⊆ E or M(G)⊆ E ( μ(m) E). The reason of this paper and we give some basic properties and characterizations of S-prime and S-semiprime submodules.
Usage of OSPF Convention in System Designed in Republic of Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Sura Khalil , Jebur Zainab Taha
Published: March 2021

OSPF is a very important internal entryway protocol that employed in web layer of TCP/IP model and in network layer in OSI model. OSPF is employed in application of current networks like impromptu wireless and mobile communication systems, in ISP, enterprise networks in colleges, hospitals…etc. it additionally employed in management plane of SDN. OSPF can management on call of that have the shortest path of network branches looking on their weights. Principle work of OSPF protocol verify the shortest path by checking link state of network. Also, principle of this protocol, it divides identical network into areas (sub networks).during this paper, OSPF network has one space referred to as (area 0), that has 6-Routers distributed among cities on Iraq’s map. MATLAB (2017b) and GNS-3 (2.1.3) softwares area unit wont to calculate theoretical and experimental results severally. The results evidenced that the most effective path that has the low weights and time period. These results additionally evidenced that if the shortest path is down, it may be used the opposite link (back up) within the network.
A Novel Approach for Detection Insider Attacker Using Body Language
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Abdallazez , Kadhem Suhad Malallah , Maisa’a Abid Ali K
Published: March 2021

One of most important challenges in cyber security is detecting the insider attacker (a person or an employee with an authorized access to resources and data of an organization then uses that access - either wittingly or unwittingly - to harm organization security). This paper propose approach to obtain early indicator to insider attacker before doing the crime. The previous security systems focus on the technical anomaly of an employee to discover the insider attacker and can’t discover it, if there isn’t technical anomaly. This paper attempt to discover insider attacker when there isn’t technical anomaly, Where presented body language-based approach to give earlier alarm of insider attacker. By using three of negative body language gestures (Cross Arms, Clasped Hands, Covering the Mouth) which referred to feeling of insecure, ready for an attack, doubt and a lack of self-confidence, these feelings are the closest to the feelings of the internal attacker. These gestures obtained by use skeleton features from video stream provided by Orbbec Astra Pro camera after passed to rule based classifier to recognize each one of the three body language gestures. Then determined the degree of trust based on the duration of the gesture and the number of occurrences of the same gesture or different gestures and depending on the degree of trust, the organization is alerted to the questionable employees. The test performs on ten of employees, four insider attackers were planted among them, and the results show 70% accuracy of detects the insiders, this approach will detect insider attacker before started his malicious work.
Sobolev Inequalities for Functions on Graphs
Authors: Bhaya Eman Samir , Flaih Zainab
Published: March 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the Sobolev inequalities when 0 <
p
< 1. Sobolev spaces defined by the Russian mathematician Sorgi Sobolev. The need for these spaces that some results are found in these spaces rather than the spaces of continuous functions. Sobolev and some authors proved Sobolev inequality in the cases p= 1 and then p > 1. Here we prove Sobolev types inequalities in the case 0 < p < 1. An infinite dimensional Sobolev inequality for expander is also proved. Also we introduce estimates for Banach-Mazur distance between the spaces Sp(G) and Z- using Cheeger constant.
Auto Transition Function in RADG
Authors: Habeeb Sundus. Q. , Albermany Salah A. K.
Published: March 2021

The main problem of RADG (Reaction Automata Directed Graph) is the fixed design of the graph. The purpose of this paper is to develop the transition function from fixed design to dynamic design, the dynamic design based on a key between sender and receiver in addition to some rules, the new design is more efficient and fairly distributed between standard states and reaction states, that design keeps the main aspect of RADG which gives more than one ciphertext to the same plaintext and adds high level of security to the wireless network.
Video Tampering Detection Using Difference-Hashing Algorithm
Authors: Sujatha G. , Hemavathi D. , Sornalakshmi K. , Sindhu S.
Published: March 2021

Videos plays an important role in the judgement of many criminal cases. It can be considered as an evidence in every step in the criminal justice process. Since it is involved in the judgement, the integrity of the video is very much important. If anything gets tampered in the video, it leads to misconception in the process. Video tampering detection is a technique of finding whether the video content is modified or not. Alteration of video contents is rising speedily because of increasing video procurement gadgets and enormous programming devices to alter the video content. This integrity check can be done by either active or passive techniques. Along these lines our zone of worry in our research work is to display our perspectives on various passive video tampering detection techniques to check its correctness. Passive techniques are assembled into ensuing three arrangements relying upon the kind of counterfeiting. There are different methods to perform video tampering detection but passive methods prove more effective in terms of maintaining the originality of the video. Even in passive methods, hashing has been the sort after approach because of its accuracy and so we have adopted Difference hashing algorithm (D-Hash) to perform tampering detection.
The study of determining the levels of radon gas concentrations (soil, water and plants) in the areas exposed to military operations in Suq Al-Shuyoukh district, south of Thi-Qar province, Iraq
Authors: Mathloom Ahmed R. , Alkhafaji Mohammed Hashim , Al-Hachami Ali Abood
Published: March 2021

In this study, the radon concentration of Al-Khamisiyah (A) stores and the adjacent residential areas (Al-Twirat area (B), and the Al-Khamisiyah (C) residential area) located in the southwest of Dhi Qar governorate were measured by five samples for each area for the study models (soil, water, Plants) by using the alpha particle counting technique emitted from radon in the nuclear trace detector (CR-39). The study included three parts, the first part is to measure the radon concentration in samples from the soil and with depths of 60 cm, 15cm, 2cm)) for areas (A, B, C) where the highest concentration was at 2cm depth and the lowest concentration was at the depth 60cm and for all study areas, the highest concentration was in Region A, for all depths, and the lowest concentration in region B. The second part included determining the concentrations of radon gas in the waters of passing rivers in regions (A, B, C), where the highest concentration was in area A and the lowest concentration in region B. As for the third part, it included determining radon concentrations in some types of plants that grow in those regions (A, B, C) such as reeds, sedge and brains, where the highest concentration was in the reed plant and the lowest concentration in the clematis plant and for all areas of study. Finally, we would like to point out that the current study is considered one of the important and vital studies because it is related to the health and safety of humans.
Critical review on the Solid-wastes issue: Generation, Composition, Disposal and their recycling potential for various applications
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Sudhakara  , Misra SK , Singh J
Published: March 2021

In sixty-five years, merely nine percent of plastic waste was recycled and reused, twelve percent was incinerated, and the remaining seventy-nine percent has built up in landfills or ended up elsewhere in the environment. Statistically, the remaining seventy-nine percent of plastic wastes can be recycled in more than five-hundred years. Building and construction material is expensive due to the demand of the growing population with a low supply of the materials. To address this, the usage of solid-wastes for the manufacture of bricks and other building materials is an ideal-optimal approach towards tackling the challenges of handling waste-products as well as optimizing the production-cost of construction materials. Subsequently, plastic bottles, plastic containers, and plastic bags are flexible and possesses several characteristics includes good versatility, hardness, lightness, and resistance to chemicals and water and impact which can be heated and reshape to form a building material. Thus, this review briefly focusses on the possibility of utilizing non-hazardous wastes such as plastic wastes, glass bottles, and other solid-industrial wastes in making effective and quality and sand brick as substitute for expensive building material. This study is also aimed at educating the engineering public and professionals on the importance and necessity of waste management, reuse and recycling and also awareness on the benefits of conserving our environment through the reuse and utilization of waste within it. The review helps to identify the different types of wastes with potential of utilization towards construction and several key research factors and criteria which can provide focus and direction towards the choice of wastes-type to be used and ensuring that they have utilization potentials in the various value-addition applications. The piling of such wastes poses an environmental problem often on account of chemicals which the ecosystem has never been used to. These affect its proper functioning and in turn at the global level, are likely to affect even the stability of biosphere. The pool of information on Solid Wastes generation, disposal and management is increasing each year. A comprehensive review of available literature regarding Solid Wastes generation, disposal and management has been presented in this article.
Analysis of Triple Band Split Ring Resonator Based Microstrip Bandpass Filter
Authors: Vineetha K V , Siva Kumar M , Madhav B T P
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the design, simulation and implementation of microstrip bandpass filter having SRR structures on radiating side which resonates at tri-frequencies (2.4,4.5 and 5.2 GHz) which are used for WLAN applications. Filter parameters like return loss, insertion loss, group delay, phase delay and bandwidth are improved by the implementation of SRR structures on the center of the transmission line. To optimize the dimension of the SRR unit cell and filter parametric analysis are performed with ANSYS HFSS. The proposed filter with 3 SRR unit cell having the minimum transmission coefficient of -0.7dB, -1.27dB, and -2.1dB across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz, reflection coefficient of -22.7dB, -23dB, and -16.5dB across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz, group delay value of 1.52ns,1.38ns and 0.58ns across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz with minimum nonlinear phase response and the quality factor value of 14.1,18.7,13.7 across 2.4,4.5 and 5.2GHz. The proposed filter was designed with the order of 5 using Chebyshev type 1 approximation technique having a ripple factor value of 0.01dB. Surface current distributions of the proposed filter are also evaluated. Fabricated microstrip bandpass filter results are measured and validated using ANRITSU-MS2037C combinational analyser.
Low Power High Performance Current Mirror – A Review
Authors: Vidhate Ashok D. , Suman Shruti
Published: March 2021

In VLSI technology the circuit has small size. The efficient size gained due to decreasing chip design to nano-scale. But as chip size becomes very less the factor which adversely affects the design is maintaining constant current in CMOS integrated circuit. Current mirror replicates input current at the output. There is need to design current mirror circuit such that it works efficiently with low power requirement. In this work the survey of different CM circuits analysed and studies. Each CM has its advantages, limitations and research gap which is noted and applicable for further development.
Design and Analysis of Plasmonic Antenna for Nanoscale Wireless Applications
Authors: Cheerla Sreevardhan , Subbareddy V , Sudha Harika T , Yalla Jahnavi , Pamulapati Puja
Published: March 2021

The paper demonstrates design and analysis of plasmonic antenna for nanoscale wireless links. A surface plasmon polarities (SPP’s) based Hybrid Metal Insulator Metal (HMIM) based circular nano patch antenna for optical frequencies are designed and analysed using commercially available CST Microwave studio suite. The proposed circular patch antenna operated in the optical frequency band of 225 THz to 245 THz with a bandwidth of 20 THz. The overall size of the optical antenna is 1500 x 1000 nm2. The proposed antenna is very much useful in chip scale applications, interconnects and optical sensing applications.
Performance Analysis of Feature sets in Speaker Diarization techniques
Authors: Sailaja C , Maloji Suman , Manepalli Kasiprasad
Published: March 2021

Speech is the most important communication among humans. Processing of speech signal has many strategies including speech coding, speaker recognition, speaker verification, etc. Speaker diarization is the pre-processing stage for many applications of speaker recognition systems. Speaker Diarization is the mission of determining “who Spoke when” for any audio recording that carries an unknown quantity of records and an unknown variety of audio systems. Speaker diarization has come to be achief era for many tasks like navigation, retrieval, or higher-level interference on audio data. It mainly performs three operations feature extraction, voice activity detection, and classification. In this paper, we’ve reviewed the few speaker diarization Techniques. The trendy speaker diarization structures finished nice outcomes. In this paper, few speaker diarization device performances are evaluated for Diarization mistakes, Tracking time, and False alarm.
Review of Current Reference Architectures
Authors: Parvin Kazi Nikhat , Phalguni Singh Ngangbam
Published: March 2021

In this paper an effort is made to bring the research work done and possible future research scope by finding the gaps in the current reference circuits. Over large range of temperatures circuit must be operating flawlessly, in order to ensure this, a robust current reference circuit is very important. Current reference circuit is an important block in almost all the analog circuits and also in the mixed-signal circuits. All these recent works is based on CMOS technology with various technology nodes namely 65 nm, 180nm and 350nm. Some papers have not discussed area and others number of samples, this leaves a possible scope to investigate current reference circuits thoroughly. The other parameters discussed are Output current (nA), Minimum supply voltage (V), Supply current (nA), Current TC(ppm/°c).
Design of AES based Chiper and Decipher Cryptography System using Verilog HDL
Authors: Noorbasha Fazal , Cheruvu Jitendra Hanuman , Boina Praveen , Battineni Sai Vamsi
Published: March 2021

The undisclosed word structure is the mainly usual process among existing techniques on the data communication process and is executed more simply and efficiently than remaining techniques. It is a susceptible method by protecting attacks such as replay or eavesdropping. To overcome this trouble, AES based cryptography system is used. In this paper we have proposed a process and module which is optimized and uses low-power cryptographic technique. Cryptography is the existing world serves significant function for data safety communications. The projected technique is OTP based AES 128-bit. This FPGA system is design by using Verilog HDL.
Optimal Technique of Tumor Detection and Prediction of Livestock by Deep Neural Network with TensorFlow and Keras
Authors: Kola Ratana Raj Kumar , Bojja Polaiah , Kumari Pamula Raja
Published: March 2021

–In this paper, we emphasis on the method by which a sick livestock can be diagnosed of the probable infections and predict the type of disease. Proposed an approach to distinguish whether an MRI picture of a brain contains a possible tumor of livestock. Designed a computer-aided detection approach to detect a brain tumor in its early stage by using deep neural network using Keras and Tensor flow. The main problem faced by a farmer/livestock owner is that ofthe geographical distances of the sick animal from the healthcenter or the doctors who can treat and suggest the possible cure. By leveraging the modern technology in application and developments in Machine Learning and IOT technology the above-mentioned problem can be addressed as of the optimal approach for the farmer. The Detection of tumor is first predicted by Convolution Neural Network based Deep neural network using Keras and Tensorflow, followed is by which the MRI image is pre-processed to isolate the noise and any artefacts. The results are carried out by proposed method which can communicate directly to the cattle farmer using IOT. However the resultant of the computer aided process will automate the detection of diseas by which the farmers can directly know whether the cattle got effected with tumor or not. Time complexity can be significantly reduced with the proposed method. Eventually, computer aided system will assist the radiologist and the doctor in concluding of any illness on the livestock.
Smart Glass Using IoT and Machine Learning Technologies to aid the blind, dumb and deaf
Authors: Salvi Siddhant , Pahar Sudipta , Kadale Yuvraj
Published: March 2021

One of the earliest written records of a sign language is from the fifth century BC, in Plato’s Cratylus, where Socrates says: “If we hadn’t a voice or a tongue, and wanted to express things to one another, wouldn’t we try to make signs by moving our hands, head, and the rest of our body, just as dumb people do at present?”[Source: Wikipedia]. Technology is far more developed(advanced) than time then. Now, we can detect what the deaf and mute person is saying just by recording the same and comparing it with predefined datasets, revealing what the individual is trying to accomplish. In this paper, we have proposed a solution by which we can help disabled people, people who are Deaf, Dumb, or Blind by providing them a new technological eye, ear, and brain. Machine learning algorithms are used for object detection to provide the eye for the blind. Speech to text conversion to aid the deaf and text to speech conversion to aid the dumb while communicating. The amalgamation of all these technologies with IOT technologies will help resolve the issues related to these differently abled people.
Frequency Reconfigurable elliptical microstrip patch antenna using resonator, partial removal in the ground, and PIN diode for L and C band applications
Authors: Amarnatha Sarma Ch. , Inthiyaz Syed , Madhav B T P , Sree Lakshmi P
Published: March 2021

In this proposal a frequency reconfigurable elliptical patch antenna is proposed for L and C and application. A PIN diode with resonator is used to get the frequency switching. It has its bandwidths of 2 GHz and 2.5 GHz respectively in L and C bands when diode is OFF and band width of 3.7GHz in C band when diode is ON. The proposed model is simulated using commercial RF tool-HFSS. The substrate used in simulation is economical FR4 with 4.2 dielectric constant value and 1.6mm height having dimensions 40mm X 42mm in which the patch is 20mm X 40mm. The return loss (S11), VSWR, radiation pattern, E and H plane field strengths are obtained and the constructive simulated results mentioned, which are show the switching in frequency operation.
A novel ultra-low power 7T full adder design using mixed logic
Authors: Siva Kumar M , Inthiyaz Syed , Muzammil Parvez M , Chaithanya Chowdary P , Bhanu Kiran M , khan Pathan Karim
Published: March 2021

The key point is to design and implementation of the full adder which provides high-speed, Power efficiency and leas area with good voltage swing”.

Where the term ‘Novel’ indicates that If something is so new, genuine and original that it had never been seen, used or even thought of before, call it is considered as ‘novel’ and ‘Ultra low power’ indicates that with the minimal amount of system power is enough for performing the respective operation of its own. In this article, a new High Performance and low power full adder utilizing a distinctive design "Mixed Logic Design" is recommended in implementation. The mixed - logic design combines Modified Gate diffusion input (MGDI) Transmission Gate Logic (TGL), Static CMOS logic, Pass transistor logic(PTL )and various logics which requires the recommended circuit. Full adder is a digital circuit which performs the sum of bits. In many PC’s and various kinds of microprocessors, adders are utilized in the ALU. The traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Full adder consisting of 28-Transistors and is built on a traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor structure. GDI technique is low power and high-speed design technique where it takes 10 T.

Gate Diffusion Input is one of the circuit design logics which occupies less area, simulates with high speed and power-efficient technique. It entails less count of transistors as correlated to traditional Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology. But the disadvantage with Gate Diffusion Input technique is that it provides an output having poor logic swing after simulation. The Modified-Gate diffusion input (MGDI ) technique rectifies this issue by implementing FA with 8T.

But we are implementing another alternative “Mixed logic design” (combining the GDI, CMOS, TGL, etc logics ) and designing the Circuit with least count of transistors and compare with other unique logics which helps them to simulate the circuit in a power-efficient way and time delay.
Concentric Ring Loaded Monopole Antenna with AMC Backed forWearable Applications
Authors: Madhav B T P , JayantthReddyK  , Vani J , Priyanka R R , Prudhvi Nadh B , Rao M C
Published: March 2021

The design of wearable antenna on jeans cloth as a substrate material is used. The antenna consists of circular ring-shaped monopole with smaller circle inside the patch. The designed antenna having dimensions of 35 x 26 x 0.5 mm3. The normal microstrip line feeding is used in the design with patrial ground in the ground structure. The antenna covering the three operating frequency range of 2.6-2.8(LTE/LTE-D) GHz,5.3-5.6 GHz (WLAN) and 6.9-8.8 GHz(X-band). The proposed antenna having the stable radiation in E-plane and H-plane. The antenna provides the gain of 7.19 dBi at 2.75 GHz. The antenna with all this condition is make suitable for the wearable applications.
Design of 32-bit cell-based carry-save combinational multiplier with reduced area and propagation delay
Authors: Suman Shruti , Singh Ngangbam Phalguni , Selvakumar R , Saini Harshita
Published: March 2021

In Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications, a Conventional Combinational Multiplier uses a lot of hardware and propagation delay, and that is one of the main issues. The delay is determined by the ripple carries between the adders. Most techniques used in the combinational multiplier depend on the paper-and-pencil shift-and-add (PPSA) algorithm, which uses ripple carry adder architecture. This paper proposes an architecture called Cell-based Carry-Save Combinational Multiplier (CCCM) that focuses on the propagation delay and area. Each row represents a carry-save adder. The carry outputs are passed to the next row. For validating the proposed architecture, 16x16 multiplication is performed and the overall improvement in the delay is 73.32 % while there is a 3.31 % reduction in the area.
Characterization of Cu47Zr43Al6Y4 metallic glass
Authors: Salčinović Fetić A , Lozančić M , Hrvat K , Đekić M
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the research results of a melt-spun Cu47Zr43Al6Y4 metallic glass. Examinations of its surface, chemical composition and electric resistance had previously been performed and published. Characterization was continued by an x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness measurements. XRD analysis has unambiguously confirmed that the sample is completely amorphous. DSC measurements were performed with different heating rates which made it possible not only to calculate activation energies, but also to analyse the crystallization process itself. Microhardness measurements have been performed on both sides of the sample.
How far have we searched for a dark matter so far
Authors: Kafedžić-Briga A , Džaferović-Mašić E
Published: March 2021

Dark matter as one of the cosmos’ ingredients or constituents has been searched for in various experiments. This review presents some of the searches for dark matter while focusing on the LHC mainly. In order to present various searches, it describes theoretical models followed by experimental verification. Since there are three types of searches, among which most significant are direct and indirect ones, we will give an overview and short comparison between the two, with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of collider and non-collider searches. This review brings an argumentative approach for the collider’s point of view since searches for dark matter in colliders are veritably ambitious regarding direct and indirect Dark Matter detection methods. LHC starts its Run 3 in 2021, and here we present results from the ATLAS experiment from Run 2 and bring some theoretical expectations from LHC in Run 3.
Prospects for the development of the concept of a safe nuclear reactor BREST of maximum limiting power for nuclear energetics of the middle of the XXI century
Authors: Okunev V S
Published: March 2021

In Russia (JSC NIKIET) a project of a fast reactor BREST-1200 is being developed. The article analyzes the safety of the BREST reactor with maximum limiting power (BREST-2000, -2400). In BREST reactors with an electric power of 1200 MW and more, the void reactivity effect of can be positive. The most dangerous scenario is associated with the entrainment of bubbles into the central part of the core (with a volume fraction of bubbles of 50 … 60%). In this case, the magnitude of the void reactivity effect is several times higher than the effective fraction of delayed neutrons β. For the BREST-2400 reactor, the maximum void reactivity effect is about 7 β (for BREST-2000, about 6 β). When other ATWS are implemented against the background of erosion and corrosion of structural steel, the total introduced reactivity can also exceed β, which will lead to an accident. To ensure safety, it is necessary to adjust the design solutions. When used as a coolant, lead extracted from thorium ores (with a concentration of 208Pb isotope from 75 to 98%) and tungsten coatings of fuel claddings, the void reactivity effect is negative even in the BREST-2400 reactor, and when switching to a new cermet fuel (0.8 MN - 0.2 U) it is easy to ensure the safety of the reactor.
High-pressure cylinders of gas-fuel system made of composite materials
Authors: Markin V B , Myagkova N A
Published: March 2021

Use of gas fuel systems will allow to carry out the ecological tasks facing the Russian automotive industry, it is essential to cut down expenses of consumers on fuel and to increase an engine lifetime. As a basis of such modernization it is necessary to consider development, calculation, a design binding and technological security of production of cylinders of pressure as capacities for the compressed or liquefied natural gas. For the purpose of weight reduction of cylinders the preference is given to the polymeric composite materials using methods of winding of the rein.
Thread turn milling simulation
Authors: Malikov A A , Yamnikova O A , Yamnikov A S
Published: March 2021

The study shows that the high-performance thread turn-milling process with a synchronous rotation of the helical milling cutter and the workpiece is not widely adopted since there are no reliable methods to estimate the organic thread formation errors. The thread is machined as an envelope curve along the elementary surfaces of each cut shifted along the workpiece axis by a fraction of the thread pitch inversely proportional to the number of the cutter teeth. Domestic and international researchers tried to analytically estimate the thread formation errors at the part face. Such an approach failed to produce acceptable results since thread turn-milling is a three-dimensional process. We analyzed the thread formation errors in 3D using COMPAS 3D CAD system and developed a simulation model. We modelled a reference 3D thread machined on the workpiece; a 3D resulting thread; a single cutter tooth path in the plane perpendicular to the workpiece axis; 3D cut by a single cutter tooth. We also simulated the entire process and made a 3D model of the machining errors by subtracting the reference part geometry from the 3D thread model, and estimated the errors. The results were checked for consistency (max deviations) and acceptability for each dimension. The undercut dimensions were obtained by subtracting the 3D part model from the 3D reference model. Conversely, the overcut dimensions were obtained by subtracting the 3D reference model from the 3D part model.
General principles of studying regularities of biological populations’ dynamics for environmental protection and reclaim
Authors: Kiselev V V , Aleksandrova I N , Tikhonova I N
Published: March 2021

Currently the ecological problems, including those arising in the process of environmental protection and sustainable use of resources, are solved within the paradigm of dynamic stability of biological communities in the natural environment. This paradigm is canonic in the ecology, it was formed during almost a century. Materials on the studies of various species populations and their generalizations are presented in books and monographs on the ecology of plants, animals, general ecology. It has almost become a rule in the scientific literature to include the discussion of mathematic modeling methods into the parts on dynamics of various organisms populations. On this way we can find a lot of monographs of domestic and foreign scientists. Populations of forest insects have become especially popular with the scientists completing their comprehensive research which includes building mathematical models and providing suggestions on various corporate actions aimed at environmental protection and reclaim. The forest insects are a rewarding object not only due to their numerosity which makes it possible to apply the apparatus of differential calculus to describe the population (density), discrete mathematics to study the structure of the populations (generations, age groups, sex dimorphism, etc). Different groups of xylophages and phytophagans demonstrate breeding grounds development, pandemic irruptions with unfailing regularity, allow the researcher making controlled experiments and assessing quantitative characteristics of the population and parameters of the animal units cooperation which are so necessary and indispensible for building the mathematical models.
Continuous and semi-continuous industrial production of lubricants modified with graphene nanostructures
Authors: Alhilo Z , Mansour W , Pershin V , Pasko A
Published: March 2021

This article proposes one of the options for the production of graphene-containing suspensions and their modification of lubricants. It is based on the technology of obtaining graphene nanostructures by the method of liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. The proposed technological scheme can operate in both semi-continuous and continuous modes. The main advantages of this technology are simplicity and reliability of equipment, as well as environmental friendliness of production.
Metal matrix composites based on valence-unstable systems
Authors: Clementyev E S , Serebrennikov D A , Sikolenko V V
Published: March 2021

The work is focused on the thermal expansion of composites based on valence-unstable systems. The main motivation was to create invar-like materials of a new type and to develop approaches to the quantitative description of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of both the composite itself and its key component - a material with a negative contribution to thermal expansion due to valence fluctuations. The experimental data on the linear CTE of Al/SmB6 composite was performed by capacitive dilatometry in the temperature range 5-220K. It turned out that this composite shows invar properties up to 60K. Several models were used to describe thermal expansion in Al/SmB6. A quantitative approach is proposed for describing the negative magnetic contribution and the lattice contribution to the CTE of systems based on intermediate-valence samarium hexaboride.
Structure, phase composition and properties of vacuum pressureless sintered ZrO2-based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leonov A A , Li Jing , Kalashnikov M P , Rudmin M A , Khasanov O L
Published: March 2021

In this work, composites based on 3 mol. % yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) with additives of 1, 5 and 10 wt. % multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated. Samples were obtained by cold pressing followed by vacuum pressureless sintering at a temperature of 1500 °C. It was found that MWCNTs retain their structure after high-temperature sintering, they are located along the zirconia grain boundaries and they lead a grain refining effect for zirconia matrix. Nanotubes can significantly affect the phase composition of composites. Additives 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % MWCNT partially limits the monoclinic-tetragonal phase transition of ZrO2 and leads to the formation of a new phase of zirconium carbide. An increase of MWCNTs content in composites leads to a smooth decrease of the relative density from 99.2 % to 81.2 %. To obtain fully dense 3YSZ/MWCNT composites, longer sintering at higher temperatures is required compared to the conditions for sintering 3YSZ ceramics without additives.
Energy recovery strategies as a sustainable solutions for municipal solid waste in Egypt
Authors: Koraiem Handawy M , Yu Snegirev A , Stepanov V V , Talalov V A
Published: March 2021

Plastic is highly durable, strong, elastic, and less expensive to produce, and widely used globally. The result of excessive use causes a high accumulation of plastic waste for communities in developing countries Like Egypt. Egypt is one of the largest countries in population in Africa and the middle east. According to Environments Affairs Agency (EEAA), Egypt produces over 22 million tons of municipal waste per year, and waste plastic represents 13% of the total waste. Therefore, plastic recycling is critical in our life. But mechanical recycling is unable to recycle all plastic, as it is an expansive and challenging process. It exhibits a series of degenerated properties like lowering the impact resistance characterizers of polymers. The second recycling process is chemical methods and thermochemical recycling. Thermochemical degradation has a promising substitutional for recycling polymers. For example, pyrolysis can deal with high molar mass organic molecules since the plastic owns a calorific value comparable to fuel. Energy Recovery from waste Plastic using the thermal treatment for plastics as incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis represents a suitable process as discussed. So, the fuel production from pyrolysis polymer would be a better and more promising alternative for a country like Egypt.