bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 21 st century science learning: HOTS and digital literacy among junior high school students in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyawati Yeni , Nurwahidah Indri , Sari Dwi Septiana , Masykuri Mohammad , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan
Published: March 2021

The 21st-century skills was broadly discussed in all sectors. It challenges education to equip next generation with all important skills to face the digital technology transformation. The focus of this study was to identify profile of student’s higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and digital literacy among junior high school students in science learning. Mixed method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative was used in this study. A total number of 170 of grade 7th students in private and public junior high school in Semarang City were administered in the integrated science test (IST). IST were used to measure student’s HOTS through constructed-multiple choice test. 17 science teachers were the key informant of HOTS and digital literacy in science learning. Rasch model and descriptive analysis used to identify HOTS and digital literacy based on gender and type of school. The results reveal that : (1) most of junior high school students HOTS performace were at low slight to moderate level (2) female students performs better than male students in HOTS, (3) type of school significantly impact on students’ achievement, and (4) teachers’ operation and thinking skills as basic skill of digital literacy were still unsufficient to provide digital-based learning. However, it is necessary to accustom implementation of HOTS assessment as well as digital technology in the science learning environment.
The Production of Surfactant Anionic Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) from Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with Ultrasound-Assisted
Authors: Amaliah Devi , Qadariyah Lailatul , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: March 2021

Virgine coconut oil (VCO) is a vegetable oil that has many ingredients that can be used, one of the highest ingredients is lauric acid about 41-51%. It can be used to synthesis of surfactants, which is the surfactant anionic methyl ester sulfonate (MES). However, time of transesterification and sulfonation needed is very long in the conventional process. Because of that, some researchers have proved that ultrasound-assisted can accelerate and increase the yield because ultrasound can directly cavitation that help the rupture mechanism of matrix cells. In the sulfonation process, methyl ester is reacted with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) with several predetermined variables. After being reacted, the mixture of methyl ester and NaHSO3 used a separating funnel and then purified using 50% of methanol, then evaporated and neutralized using 20% of NaOH. The measured quantities include yield, density, viscosity, surface tension, FT-IR analysis and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In transesterification, the optimum conditions were obtained in 1:6 of mole ratio in 3 minutes, the yield of 90%. In sulfonation, the optimum conditions were obtained in temperature at 65°C in 30 minutes. With the resulting viscosity of 4,04 cSt, the yield is 98%, and the surface tension is 32,028 dyne/cm.
Optimization of Magnetic Coil Construction Using Genetic Algorithm Method
Authors: Winarno B , Paracha Z J , Subkhan M F , Kusumo R J , Lestariningsih T , Atmaja A P , Basuki I
Published: March 2021

In this article, we discuss coil construction that has the right combination of the number of layers and the number of turns per layer. This combination produces a large electromagnetic force with a physical form that is not too large. A magnetic coil can be used as an electromagnetic ejection. The modification of coil construction is done by using the genetic algorithm method. Experiments were carried out using a population of 100 chromosomes and encoded in 8 bits. Then the resulting programming results are calibrated using the FEMM application to obtain a magnetic force profile. The simulation is carried out with a coil forming wire using the #AWG 10 standard which has a length of 3 meter. The results showed that the optimal force was achieved with a coil construction that had 27 layers (nL) and each layer had 38 turns (Tpl).
Stemming Analysis Indonesian Language News Text with Porter Algorithm
Authors: Arif siswandi A. , Permana Yudi , Emarilis Arvita
Published: March 2021

Stemming is the process of classifying various morphological variations of a word or sentence into one and the same basic form. In Indonesian language stemming, there are two types of stemming methods that already exist, namely the dictionary-based stemming algorithm and the non-dictionary-based stemming algorithm. In this study the algorithm used is the Indonesian Porter algorithm for dictionary-based ones. The test was carried out using 100 predetermined Indonesian text documents. The results of tests conducted show that the highest accuracy value is found in the Porter algorithm, the least Overstemming and Understemming values are also found in the Porter algorithm.
Inventory Information Systems in Water Companies: A Case of Data Synchronization Issue
Authors: Nugraha Ermar Anjas , Renaldi Faiza , Ashaury Herdi
Published: March 2021

Inventory is an activity that records every process in the flow of an item starting from importing goods, checking goods, requesting goods, to releasing goods from the warehouse. PT. Perdana Multiguna Sarana Barat Bandung (PMgS) is engaged in services for clean water distribution which include new connection installation services and line repair that have problems in their inventory activities. starting from recording old customer items that do not exist, late recording of return of goods and when the goods needed following the installation or repair sometimes lacking this has an impact on the working time of repairing lines and installation of new connections is slightly hampered due to lack of rapid control of information about inventory data. For that reason, in supporting and improving company performance, inventory information system information is needed that can provide information easily, quickly, and integrated to all parts related to inventory. In building this inventory information system the system development method used is a waterfall and the output of this system is a system that can record the return of goods, control of the stock of goods taken directly can be known and data in and out of goods more controlled so that reporting of goods is easier and quicker. Our acceptance test showed that all the functions are working very well and have an overall high acceptance rate of 80.33%.
Computer-Based Multi-Layered Monitoring Systems on Textile Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Sitepu Achmad Prabowo , Renaldi Faiza , Ashaury Herdi
Published: March 2021

Monitoring is a set of activities carried out to measure the achievement of objectives. One area that requires a monitoring system is the production process, this aims to ensure that production can be controlled and run as it should. Lack of monitoring of production can cause problems. Although there has been a lot of research on the production monitoring system, so far there has not been much mention regarding the provision or sharing of information on the progress of production implementation in more detail between the production department and the parties involved, especially in sharing information handling errors that occur during the production process. This is important because mistakes that occur during production can cause delays in shipping and will have an impact on the valuation or reputation of the company. The results obtained from the implementation of the system based on user acceptance testing is getting a level of acceptance of 81.5% of 42 test scenarios for 4 types of users. Implementing a production monitoring system can help in monitoring production. More interesting studies can be further carried out especially in the area of artificial intelligence for monitoring production systems.
Forecasting the Number of Vehicles in Indonesia Using Auto Regressive Integrative Moving Average (ARIMA) Method
Authors: Irhami Elmir Arif , Farizal F.
Published: March 2021

The number of vehicles in Indonesia increases significantly from year to year. This has an impact on various aspects such as traffic jams, air pollution, traffic accidents etc. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best model for forecast the number of cars and the number of motorcycles in the next 11 years. For the purpose, ARIMA method was used. Using the historical data of the number of cars and the number of motorcycles from 2001 to 2019, the best model for forecasting the number of cars and the number of motorcycles is ARIMA (1,1,0) and ARIMA (2,1,2), respectively. The models have MAPE of 7.01% and 7.24% for cars and motorcycles, respectively.
Identification of Medicinal Plant Leaves Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Putri Yuanita A. , Djamal Esmeralda C. , Ilyas Ridwan
Published: March 2021

Medicinal plants (herbs) are plants that are known to have certain compounds which are nutritious for health. In Indonesia there are 30,000 types of plants and 7000 of them are classified as medicinal plants (herbs). The human body is complex and organic, while chemical medicines contain chemicals that are inorganic and pure. Therefore, chemical medicine are considered not very suitable for consumption by the human body, which if consumed continuously can even be bad for human health. However, some chemical drugs are actually symptomatic (temporary) so they must be taken for life by patients with certain diseases. Therefore a system is needed to be able to help the community to recognize medicinal plants better, in this case the medicinal plants are focused on the introduction of medicinal leaves. In this study identification of medicinal plant leaves was carried out using the Convolutional Neural Network method. This research will build a system of identification of medicinal plant leaves by using Convolutional Neural Networks. Using training data that is carried out in a computer set and then implemented in mobile-based software to recognize the types and benefits of medicinal plant leaves identified.
The Effect of Noise onto HHT Features for Face Milling Cutter Condition Monitoring
Authors: Arifin A. C. , Susanto A. , Yamada K. , Azka M. , Prasetio M D , Abdillah M
Published: March 2021

In face milling process of train wheel, cutter is one of the most important part and this part should be monitored from failure phenomena for improving final products of train wheel during machining process. One of the best ways for face milling tool condition monitoring is by analyzing signal. However, noise usually contaminates the measured signals during measurement using any sensors. This study presents the effect of noise on the Hilbert-Huang transform features for face milling condition monitoring by mean analyzing the synthetic vibration signals. First, noisy synthetic signals were created, then separates them by Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to be intrinsic mode decompositions (IMFs). Second, the Hilbert-Huang spectra were generated and then compared to HHT baseline spectrum. The result showed that the noise disturbed the HHT spectrum. Without filtering signal, the face milling cutter condition phenomenon was difficult to be revealed by HHT.
Implementing Fuzzy Logic as a Control and Monitor of Oil Quality Using Android
Authors: Suhanto  , Faizah F , Kustori  , Setiyo  , Suwito
Published: March 2021

Viscosity oil index becomes the prominent indicator in the process of engine generator set lubrication. This simulation design used to inform the oil quality and switch off the generator set when the oil quality is not moderate. DC motor rotation and rotary encoder utilize as controller of oil viscosity. Optocoupler sensor is an RPM controller, LDR light sensor is an oil brightness indicator. DS18B20 sensor is the indicator of temperature when the oil work is at low state 0°C-30°C, normal 30°C-50°C and overheat condition is 50°C-100°C, microcontroller Arduino Uno and fuzzy logic as the software and android as the display. The feasibility test design of the oil generator set microcontroller base using fuzzy logic was obtained as a result of rotation viscosity, oil color, and temperature on an android display to distinguish the good oil quality, medium and moderate. Therefore, this result applies to the pre-alarm on the generator set.
Increase Effectiveness of Electronic Machine Checklist Development Based on IoT Technology
Authors: Widya Adi Rusdi , Andriani
Published: March 2021

The research was made to meet the need for online and real-time information. It is necessary to conduct prompt and precise action as needed in determining strategic an important decision. The current application of products based on information technology (IoT) makes it easy to develop the system. The purpose of Electronic Machine Checklist System (EMCS) design is to prevent machine breakdown. The methods used in this study was by collecting machine breakdown data records. The design of development using the Touch screen, Arduino Wemos-D1 and PLC. Those are the tools for development of EMCS which used for monitoring system status of the machine. Communication between devices using wireless. The result of this development can be used to determine action correctly according to the standard. The condition of the machine can be controlled in real-time and online using EMCS.
Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Hardness and Micro Structure Change of Assab 705 Steel as a Die Mould Material
Authors: Djuhana  , Mulyadi  , Sunardi
Published: March 2021

The mould is most imfortance tools for large production for example in automotive industry. The cost of mould is highly dependant on part geometrical complexity and material selection. Steel has long been used as a material for making moulds, although new materials such as plastics and composites have been discovered. However, steel maintains its position above material selection because of its mechanical properties. This research uses Assab 705 steel, because Assab 705 steel is classified as medium carbon steel (carbon content of 0.38-0.43%) and has the ability to be hardened through a heat treatment process. Application of Assab 705 steel is widely used for making bolts, tools and various kinds of moulds. The heat treatment process carried out in this study is by heating the steel sample with a temperature variation of 750, 800, 850 and 900°C and continued with the quenching process using Olie SAE 90 as cooling media. Steel samples that had been heat treated were tested by Rockwell hardness and micro structur changes were analyzed using optical microscope. Based on the results of rockwell hardness testing that the highest hardness value was achieved at 54.5 HRC in samples that have been heat treated at 900°C, which when compared to hardness samples without heat treatment, there has been an increase of 60.30%. The microstructure of the Assab 705 steel sample changed after the heat treatment process, which formed a martensite phase and tended to increase with increasing heat treatment temperatures.
Effectiveness of Utilization Kerang Dara Shell’s (Andara Granosa) As A Coagulants in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Processing
Authors: Ardiatma Dodit , Sari Putri Anggun , Imaniar Ica
Published: March 2021

Andara granosa shell is one of the bivalves that is found in Indonesia. The high level of andara granosa is meat consumption without being followed by right processing of the shells, makes andara granosa shells become a waste that distrupts the environment. Andara granosa is contain a lot of CaCO3 Andara granosa shells contain a lot of CaCO3 which makes it can be used as a coagulant. Shells containing CaCO3 are converted into CaO (Calcite) first by the process of calcination. In this study, calcite was obtained through the process of calcining of andara granosa shells at 800 °C for 4 hours, which was dried and destructed before. The calcite optimization test in andara granosa is done by analyzing the ratio of calcite concentration variation (600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm) to the decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values in industrial liquid waste. The test results show the optimal optimal decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values is at a concentration of 900 ppm with an effectiveness of 80.53%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in BOD value is shown by the equation y = -6.7043x2-50.275x + 599.83 and R2 = 0.9356,% effectiveness of COD 81.16%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in COD value is shown by the equation y = -4.3214x2-130.15 x + 1033.4 and R2 = 0.9492,% effectiveness of TSS 96.10%. The relationship between coagulant concentrations and the decrease in TSS values is shown by the equation y = 32.611x2-304.24x + 697.95 and R2 = 0.9088. Thus calcite with raw material of blood shells can reduce the optimal BOD, COD, and TSS values at a concentration of 900ppm.
Campus Operational Carbon Assessment Based on Low Carbon City Framework (LCCF)
Authors: Asmat Arnis , Zailani Ramlan , Md Latip Siti Noor Hajjar , Azmi Azlin Mohd , Hadi Razali Abdul , Nur Asyidah Salim , Ali Mohd Fozi
Published: March 2021

Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) is Malaysia’s largest institution of higher learning (IHE). The university is based on 13 state campuses and 21 satellite campuses. The state of Selangor has the largest number of UiTM campuses, and the main anchor campus is located in the state capital, Shah Alam. As for UiTM which is committed to implement the low carbon cities framework program focusing on five GHG reduction elements through energy, mobility, waste, water; and greenery and water bodies. This study reveals the carbon operational assessment in UiTM campus located in Shah Alam, Selangor using city-based approach within the Low Carbon City Framework (LCCF) which are; urban environment, urban infrastructure, building criteria.
Practicability and effectiveness of flood disaster standard operating procedures (SOPs) in Malaysia
Authors: Tahir Wardah , Jani Janmaizatulriah , Endut Intan Rohani , Mukri Mazidah , Mohd Ali Nor Eizati , Kordi Nurul Elma
Published: March 2021

The rapid growth of population in urban areas resulted in a higher amount of waste generated yearly. According to the Solid Waste Management and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp), in 2018, Malaysians generated 38, 142 tonnes of waste per day with an average of 0.83 kg/capita/day for a household in the urban area. Malaysia, with a population of 32.4 million, 76% of the entire population are living in urban areas (Department of Statistic, 2018), this figure is worrying. This pilot study explores and evaluates the perspectives of governance on waste management processes and practices for urban residents; in a mixed density housing scheme. A survey was conducted on 30 respondents of a mixed density housing scheme in Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor. The data then analysed through reliability test analysis. There were four (4) key variables being put forward for this study; services and practices, socio-economic and well-being, stakeholders and environment. The result of the analysis has found out that, the variables for waste management services for mixed density housing scheme are reliable with the respondent’s feedback. However, some questions are not compatible to be analysed in parallel with other questions.
Correlation of natural radionuclides (Ra-226, Ra-228 and K-40) in catchment soil and river sediment from Middle Langat River Basin
Authors: Resdi T A Tuan , Lee W K , Mahmood Z U Wan
Published: March 2021

Natural radionuclides Ra-226, Ra-228 and K-40 along three (3) stations in Middle Langat River Basin were collected over a 9-year period at 3 months interval. Variations of activity concentration in the catchment soil and river sediment samples were analysed using HPGe detector to identify temporal and spatial trend. Activity concentrations show indication of long-term fluctuation especially for K-40, but will require long data for further validations. Increased activity concentrations in the down-river direction suggests a couple catchment loss and river sediment relative gain based on analysis of the ratios between element pair. Correlation of Ra-226 and Ra-228 is very strong, but their correlation with K-40 varies considerably possibly due to the high potassium solubility.
TakaFert: Biofertilizer of Leachate Sludge and Food Wastes by Takakura Composting
Authors: Roslan S , Zahid A Z M , Baharudin F , Kassim J
Published: March 2021

Municipal waste is growing rapidly due to the increase in the human population. Higher production of leachate from the treatment plant also cause problems to the landfills storage. Takakura composting method (TCM) is one of the techniques that is frequently used to recycle and transform the organic materials into a natural fertilizer. In this project, the leachate sludge will be mix together with food waste in order to enhance the degradation of the organic matter. The use of cultivated microorganisms which will be produced from the fermentation solution. The physical and chemical analyses were observed in order to determine the rate of microbial activity optimum condition of the good compost. The parameters that were analyzed are temperature, moisture content, pH value, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) and heavy metals concentration. All four types of compost with 1 kg weight ended with a neutral pH in the range 7-8 after 5 weeks’ observations. NPK content for potassium is from 57 ppm to 104 ppm, phosphorus is from 2.5 ppm to 15 ppm and nitrogen is from 0.9% to 3 %. For heavy metal content at the end of the observation, all composts have a low level of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr where it is safe to be used in agriculture activities. As a conclusion, the compost in this study is sufficient to be used in agricultural purposes, and the optimum condition of the compost was demonstrated by Compost C which uses the ratio of 0.3: 0.2: 0.5 (gram).
A 3D GIS mapping for landscape geovisualisation and park management: A case study in Kuala Keniam Station, Taman Negara Malaysia
Authors: Sha’aban Siti Nurulain , Abdul Rasam Abdul Rauf , Asmat Arnis
Published: March 2021

The Kuala Keniam Research Station in Taman Negara has experienced severe damages to large flood and therefore this station spatial visualization and database management need to be enhanced appropriately. A meticulous park information system is required for assisting staff and users to manage the spatial park entities in an identifiable ecotourism mapping. This pilot study was proposed to develop a 3D GIS visualisation for the park and landscape management using software development life cycle (SDLC) and several 3D software. Findings from the local user requirements showed that 100% agreed for developing an interactive 3D mapping in the study area. The developed mapping has demonstrated its capabilities in modelling 3D park mapping and constructing a geopark database such as updating functions of park’s attributes, park animation and visualisation, and other basic functions of a common park system. An experienced staff from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN) has been also interviewed with a testing form to evaluate the mapping’s capabilities and this evaluator was satisfied with all elements and functions developed in the digital map, but the interactivity of the map need to be improved for an advanced geoanalysis of the park.
The challenges in the implementation of development charge by Klang Municipal Council
Authors: Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati , Izzad Azrul , Yusof Mohamad , Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Yusup Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Development charge imposed by the local authorities is important to provide and improve public facilities and infrastructure to the public in the local authority area. In practice, development charges have been imposed on property development carried out in accordance with the provisions of Section 32 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172). However, there are many challenges faced by the local authority in the implementation of development charges. Hence, the aim of this research is to study and understand the process of development charges and the implementation of development charges by Klang Municipal Council, Selangor. A semi-structured interview was conducted with five (5) respondents from Klang Municipal Council and developers. An analysis is done based on the data obtained from relevant Acts, Manuals and interviews with personnel that is involved in the process. The findings of the study indicated that despite the challenges in implementing the development charges, Klang Municipal Council complied with the process and requirements of development charge as stated in the Town and Country Planning 1976.
Indicators of environmental sustainability in facilities management practices: Experiences of Malaysian universities
Authors: Hasim M S , Ali A S , Safiee L S , Halil F M , Abdullah A S
Published: March 2021

Environmental sustainability practices in facilities management (FM) are vital in reducing the impact of buildings on the natural environment, and such practices can provide a significant contribution to university achievement in terms of reducing cost, improving efficiency, and expanding the value of an investment. The present investigation deals with environmental sustainability practices that are concerned with climate change, ecosystem health, biodiversity conservation, and resource consumption. The aim is to determine the extent of environmental sustainability adoption in FM practices for Malaysian universities. An online questionnaire survey was undertaken to key practitioners in the FM office who have essential roles in sustainability implementation. The questionnaires were administered to 18 public universities with a total invitation of 88 participants and 65% response rate. Generally, universities in Malaysia showed some commitment in FM practice towards environmental sustainability with some focused-on programs of emission control (3.94), water conservation (3.81), biodiversity preservation (3.79), and energy efficiency (3.71) programs. Specifically, in the three FM phases, namely, in operation and maintenance, in renovation and refurbishment and demolition and rebuild works, the results showed no significant differences. Indeed, environmental sustainability is equally adopted in whole FM phases for Malaysian universities.
Protecting Coastal Reclamation Area in Johor, Malaysia Through the Provision of Planning Documents
Authors: Sukirman Hafiza Izzaty , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati , Nasrudin Na’asah , Hashim Habsah , Yusup Mohammad
Published: March 2021

In Malaysia, the extension of coastal land relieves the pressure of demands for housing, commercial and industries despite the issues concerning development projects, including the inconsistency of provisions in statutory and non-statutory planning documents, jurisdiction area of Local Planning Authority and the role of Planning Authority. This study aims at investigating the application of statutory and non-statutory planning documents for coastal land reclamation projects through a local plan and a Comprehensive Development Plan. It employs a case study method using the Forest City in Johor as the study area. Expert Interviews provided primary data whilst secondary data encompassed various development plans, legal documents and policies related to coastal reclamation and planning. Results revealed the lack of provision for coastal reclamation area development plans notwithstanding the important roles of the Planning Authority. The study, therefore, suggests a revision of legislation and a review of development plans for the reclamation area.
The initial study on implementation of vertical greenery in Malaysia
Authors: Leong Boon Tik , Yeap Phay Shian , Ang Fuey Lin
Published: March 2021

Mass urbanization and rapid global population growth lead to the occurrence of dense urban areas. For buildings located in densely built urban areas, there are minimum horizontal green spaces. One practical idea to increase the presence of green is to plant upwards when horizontal space is a constraint. This research is done for the case in Malaysia as Malaysia have yet to emerge in vertical greenery implementation for buildings. The aim of this research is to determine the significances of implementing vertical greenery. The second aim is to identify the barriers to the implementation of vertical greenery and the final aim is to provide practical approaches as well as recommendations to increase the adoption of vertical greenery in Malaysia. The methodology of this research is qualitative method whereby interviews are conducted. Vertical greenery is introduced to provide environmental, economic and social benefits. For environmental issues, the temperature can be reduced and energy efficiency can be improved. Economically, vertical greenery can assist in energy savings and improve acoustic insulation. As for the social impacts, the presence of vertical greenery provides pleasing and better environment for the community. With these three aspects, sustainability can be achieved. The main barrier to the implementation of vertical greenery is due to the high cost of construction. The government should place more emphasis on implementing vertical greenery as it is considered as a promising solution to bring significances.
Green and Sustainable Antibiofouling Coatings: A Review
Authors: Amir Siti Nabilah , Yusof Nur Zulaikha , Ismail Razali
Published: March 2021

Marine biofouling, the unwanted accumulation of living organisms on man-made structures is worsening every year. Biofouling in marine environment usually occurs in any wetted surface, submerged for a period of time in the seawater. This phenomenon happens in few stages started with conditioning and followed by attachment and colonization. Marine biofouling is a highly cost problem which requires unnecessary waste of financial source especially in fuel consumption and production time as well as safety problems. The currently used antibiofouling paint is reported to be highly toxic and threatening the marine organisms. The most commonly used antibiofouling agents are biocide-based such as the tributyl-n-tin (TBT), Sea Nine 211, Irgarol 1051, Diuron and the copper-based. The well-developed coating companies such as Hempel USA, SeaCoat Technology, Nippon Paint and many more has started their involvement in making the earths greener by introducing the non-biocide coating that is claimed to be as good as the biocide based antibiofouling coatings. Although the paints did not clearly state the antibiofouling agents used to replace biocide, the paints introduced are however, still has its own drawbacks. The secondary metabolites extractedfrom natural products as a defence mechanism is a potential green antibiofouling agent. Apart of its lower toxicity, natural products are also biodegradable. Further study on development of sustainable antibiofouling coating is crucial. This paper intended to review available green and sustainable antifouling compound used as paint or coating. The effectiveness and toxicity of the antifoulant will be critically reviewed.
Luffa Gourd Production Practices from Transplanting and Direct Seeding Methods for Composite Productions
Authors: Awal Asmah , Adam Salwa , Shamsuri Shampazuraini , Yusuf Nor Azma , Ibrahim Nordiana , Elias Erfan Zafran
Published: March 2021

World is facing an increase of environmental concerns recently regarding on natural and synthetic fibers problems. Producing synthetic fibers may cost highly and create a few financial issues on the production matter. Moreover, synthetic fiber products have several disadvantages such as they are non-biodegradable. Some of them may cause health related problems and expose a significant risk. Researchers aimed to find the replacement for synthetic fibers with less cost production and renewable sources which lead to development of biomaterials-based composites production. Luffa is an eco-friendly crop, has been added as the new fibrous fruit with short harvest period. This study have applied a few practices using direct seeding and transplanting methods for low cost luffa production that aim for composites production. On the other hand, this study showed that transplanting (TP) method is better than direct seeding (DS) method based on the growth performance. TP method showed highest average of plant height (cm) and average total dry weight (g) of luffa fruits with 74.42±0.68 and 91.08±2.26 respectively whereas lower growth yield performance showed by DS method. Other parameters observed are the number of leaves and number of fruits which is a competent sources to the current composites sources, synthetic fibers. Hence, the results showed that luffa has the potential as a low cost and short harvest duration production plant.
Sustainable pineapple growth performance on mineral soil
Authors: Jalil Nur Syahidah Abdul , Adam Salwa , Awal Asmah , Shamsuri Shampazuraini , Yusuf Nor Azma , Ibrahim Nordiana
Published: March 2021

In Malaysia, pineapple has been identified as a high-value non-seasonal tropic fruit, which is one of the top five fruits that shows a promising potential in the local and export markets. The variety of pineapple chosen in this study was MD2 hybrid. This variety is promoted for industrial cultivation by Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board (MPIB) because of its uniqueness as in uniformity and consistency for the size and ripeness compared to other varieties. Statistically, 90% of the pineapples in Malaysia are cultivated on peat soil while another 10% are cultivated on mineral soil. Highly weathered mineral soil lead to unfertile soil which inhibit crop growth. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to compare early growth performance of pineapple crop cultivated on mineral soil and peat soil. Based on t-test, growth performance including plant height, leaves length and leaves number showed no significant difference (p>0.05) except for leaf width. The leaf width of pineapple grown on mineral soil was significantly wider than cultivated on peat soil with significant difference of p = 0.015. The chemical analysis showed peat soil was significantly more acidic compared to mineral soil. Mineral soil was significantly higher in nutrients compared to peat soil especially the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Meanwhile, peat soil was significantly higher in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content compared to mineral soil. From this study, it is found that with additional fertilizer, pineapple can be grown on mineral soil since the properties of soil can support the growth.
Antifeedant Activity of Peltophorum pterocarpum and Ipomoea aquatica Extracts as Botanical Pesticides against Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Othman ‘Amirah Sa’aidah Nafisah , Latip Siti Noor Hajjar Md
Published: March 2021

Pomacea canaliculatais dangerous pest to paddy field due to fast action on eating stem and young leaves of paddy. Synthetic pesticides are common method used by farmers to controlP. canaliculatainfestation. However, the usage of synthetic pesticides gave negative impact to natural environment, aquatic and non-target organisms. Thus, botanical pesticides are alternative methods to controlP. canaliculata. The aims of this research are to quantify chemical compound inPeltophorum pterocarpumandIpomoea aquaticaextracts and evaluate antifeedant activity of extracts for controllingP. canaliculata. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spetrophotometer analysis was done to quantify chemical compound inP. pterocarpumandI. aquaticaextracts. The result showed all treatments gave the highest amount of lupeol compared with catechin, rutin, salicylic acid, quercetin and kaempferol.Peltophorum pterocarpumextracts in methanol showed highest antifeedant index (AFI) (46.9%) compared with other treatments. Thus, it showedP. pterocarpumextracts in methanol have more abilities to act as an antifeedant. In summary,P. pterocarpumis recommended as an alternative botanical pesticide due to its antifeedant properties onP. canaliculata.
A Multi-Linear Regression Model to Predict the Factors Affecting Water Consumption in Qatar
Authors: Alshaikhli M , Aqeel S , Valdeolmillos N , Fathima F , Choe P
Published: March 2021

Water scarcity is increasingly encouraging water-saving techniques and urban water management schemes committed to reducing the consumption of natural resources and the effects on the ecosystem. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of water supplies is required to design strategies for safe and effective use of water. Water management networks are complex. Consumption of water is affected by various variables, and therefore, the relationship of these variables is also complex. This study examines water consumption determinants in the State of Qatar, focusing on the factors linked to seasonal months by using a multiple linear regression model. The regression model was developed to accurately estimate the water consumption in Qatar to help the government’s plan for water usage in Qatar. The results of the model shows that the temperature-related regression coefficient is associated with an increase in water consumption per capita. In addition, an increase in population density for each unit is correlated with a decrease in water consumption per capita.
Regional Climate Monitoring and Assessment in the Belt and Road
Authors: LIU Chuanli , Fangfang Zhong
Published: March 2021

The Belt and Road is the abbreviation of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The countries along the Belt and Road routes are generally highly sensitive and vulnerable to climate change, so it is urgent to design a service platform for climate change prediction and monitoring. In this paper, based on the various demands of climate change prediction and monitoring, we analyzed the importance of the establishment of a climate service platform and the main measures to improve the capabilities of climate service platform. According to the principle of “refinement, systematization and specialization”, a meteorological service platform was designed, which are based on space remote sensing, supplemented by airborne remote sensing, and verified by the ground observation network to verify that the real-time monitoring and prediction of sky and ground integration. The platform can provide scientific basis for the countries along the routes, and improve the infrastructure construction progress and personnel safety along the Belt and Road.
Study on the Removal of Nitrogen-containing Waste outside the Aquaculture Pond by the Method of Electric Flocculation and Quasi Circulating Aquaculture
Authors: Chen  , Fei-Chuan  , Lee  , Yu-Hsiang  , Chou  , Hsiu-Yueh
Published: March 2021

When the waste containing ammonia nitrogen is removed by electric flocculation circulating aquaculture, not only the colloidal impurities and suspended impurities are coagulated and precipitated, but also a variety of pollutants and bacteria in the water can be removed due to the oxidation of the anode and the reduction of the cathode. In this project, PWM (pulse width modulation) technology is used to overcome the power consumption problem of traditional electric flocculation method, high-voltage pulse and anode-cathode pole exchange technology is used to overcome the iron consumption and plate passivation problem, and echelon potential method is used to solve the difficulty of plate exchange. Compared with the traditional chemical and biological treatment technology, electrocoagulation can ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture without adding oxidants, flocculants and other chemicals. At present, electronic technology and Internet of things technology are used in aquaculture fields to monitor the water quality data in the pond and control the growth of aquaculture organisms in the most suitable environment in real time, so as to increase income, reduce human power and save water and electricity. Therefore, with mature sensing technology, IOT, Im, cloud computing, big data and AI, we can build an intelligent aquaculture production, marketing and digital service system to improve the overall production efficiency, energy and quality, and accelerate the transformation of aquaculture industry.
On Linking Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice in Environmental Management
Authors: Ding Xiaowei
Published: March 2021

Linking administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in environmental management promotes the cooperation between environmental administrative law enforcement departments and criminal justice institutions in combating environmental crimes and ensuring environmental safety. Problems arise in their joint efforts in combating environmental crimes in recent years, such as low case-transfer rate, unclear transfer criteria, difficulty in evidence conversion and test identification, as well as unavailability to network information-sharing platforms. It is imperative to build up evaluation system, standardize case transfer criteria, clarify evidence conversion rules, and establish network information-sharing platforms. Only in this way can the two laws converge effectively, and a harmonious environmental management order be maintained.
Hydrological Risk Management of Urbanized Areas in Framework of the Smart City Concept
Authors: Plyuschikov V G , Avdotin V P , Arefieva E V , Gurina R R , Bolgov M V
Published: March 2021

The emergence of new technologies, such as blockchain, Big Data, etc., provides fundamentally new opportunities for the formation of distributed databases necessary for assessing and managing hydrological risks in urbanized areas. At the same time, the use of the most modern technologies is based on adequate modeling and forecasting of hydrological processes, which, in the context of climatic changes and poorly predicted meteorological events for the long term, require close attention and understanding. The article deals with the tasks of risk assessment and prevention of damage from hazardous hydrological processes (rainfall floods, floods, mudflows, etc.) in framework of the Smart City Concept. Natural and anthropogenic factors of floods, methods of risk assessment and risk management in flooded areas are discussed. The issues of hazardous hydrological processes predictability and damage assessment are discussed. Sufficiency and effectiveness of the decisions made in the field of minimizing the negative impact of water, sufficiency of forces and means to ensure population safety and economic facilities are assessed on the example of the Kuban River basin.
Static Structural Analysis and Determination of Low-Cost Component Sizes of The Paper Pulper Machines
Authors: Kriswanto  , Supraptono  , Roziqin A , Hasyim F , Saputro D D , Wijayanto B
Published: March 2021

Paper pulper machines a capacity of 83 litres/process must have a low-cost material, robust and safe to operate. Paper pulper machine components analysed are tubes, frames, helical screw shaft and the shaft holder. The method uses a static structural analysis to obtain von mises stress and displacement. Static structural analysis uses finite element analysis with the help of CATIA® Software. The safe component size and lowest cost (safety factor more than 2.5) were selected in this study. Calculation of costs by multiplying the size of the material needs by material prices. Tube components use SUS 304 with thickness variations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2mm. Frame and shaft holder using L shape ASTM A36 size 40x40mm and 50 x50 mm with thickness variations of 3, 4, and 5 mm respectively. Variations in material size are determined based on standard material sizes available on the market. The simulation result of each component shows the thicker the material, the lower the von mises stress, the lower the displacement and the higher safety factor. Tubes with a thickness of 0.5mm have a von mises stress of 4.43 MPa, a displacement of 4.7 x 104 mm with SF 56.4 is safe and were chosen because of the lowest material costs (IDR 360,009). The frame size was chosen 40x40x3 mm based on the SF frame value (26) with the lowest material cost (IDR 197,800). The shaft holder is also chosen for the size of 40x40x3mm where the SF value (3834) and the lowest material cost (IDR 14,400). Helical screw shaft size is chosen at 0.5mm thickness where SF is 304 and material costs IDR 100,968. The overall results of the static structural analysis on various sizes of the paper pulper machine components showed ovon under Oyield, small displacement, and SF is safe.
Static Structural Analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles Patriot Chassis
Authors: Aryadi W , Kriswanto  , Roziqin A , Jamari J
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a static structural analysis of the Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV) Patriot chassis uses a type of ladder frame with 440 G JIS STAM carbon steel tube and bracket material is AISI 1020. Static load on the patriot chassis is varied in a normal load and an extreme load. The element method simulation is carried out on the chassis until the horizontal chassis position is 0˚, 30˚ downhill and 30˚ uphill. Static structural analysis on the patriot chassis frame using the finite element method found that the overall design is safe under various load variations and support variations. Applied normal load with a total of 4 supports (4 wheels) on the patriot chassis design which is varied by its tilt, show that the 0˚ chassis position produces the highest von mises stress (86.1 MPa) and the highest displacement (0.38mm). The results of extreme loading on various supports of the 3 wheels alternately patriot chassis design show that the highest von mises stress (264 MPa) and the highest displacement (5.11 mm) occurs at 0˚ chassis position with rear right not support. The factor of safety from various variations in loaded, tilt position, and the number of supports of the Patriot chassis design is more than 1 so that the chassis design is declared safe.
Analysis of User Satisfaction Factors of E-Kinerja Application as Utilization of the Paperless Office System: A Case Study in Regional Civil Service Agency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Wantania L J , Hidayanto A N , Ruldeviyani Y , Kurnia S
Published: March 2021

User Satisfaction is a crucial factor to the success of the Information System which will have extensive impact on the benefits for individuals and organizations as well as users’ continuance intention. Paperless office system is the use of e-government which aims not only to reduce paper usage but to increase effectiveness and efficiency in public services. E-Kinerja is a method provided and supported by the government with a purpose of improving employee productivity and performance. Through the integration of Extended Expectation Confirmation Model-IT (EECM-IT) and updated Delone and McLean IS success model, this research examines the relationship between each variables adopted and then identify factors intended to influence user satisfaction as well as building significant impact towards implementation of E-Kinerja application. Using data collected from a research of 553 respondents users’ E-Kinerja applications through the Partial Lest Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method, interestingly results have shown that User Confirmation, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness are strongly positive and create significant effect towards User Satisfaction. Whereas User Satisfaction had impacted positively to the Use and Net Benefit. However data also indicate that User Satisfaction is critical and bring no effect towards Continuance Intention to Use. In addition, Use and Net Benefit convey important impact positively to the users’ continuance intention.