bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Insecure Base? Nerves, Violence and Step-Parents in Norwegian Children’s Literature
Authors: Skardhamar Anne-Kari
Published: January 2022

Central issues represented in four recent Norwegian books for children are children's resistance to step-parents, children's attempts to cope with family violence, and inverted relationships where children take responsibility for mentally unstable parents. The literary texts I have chosen as examples are three novels: Ingeborg Arvola's Blod, snørr og tårer (2000) (Blood, Snot and Tears); Kristin A. Sandberg's Verdens ondeste stemor (2004) (The World's Worst Stepmother); Endre Lund Eriksen's Pitbull-Terje går amok (2002) (Pitbull Terrier Runs Amok); and Gro Dahle and Svein Nyhus's picture book Sinna mann (2003) (Angry Man) My aim in this article is to explore how problems and survival strategies of children in troubled families are described and developed in these texts, and what stylistic devices and narrative techniques are employed. My analysis of the representations of nerves, violence and step-parents in four children's books draws on arguments from theories about philosophy and literature in general, children's literature, narrative analysis and attachment theories in child psychology.
(Re)constructing Masculinity: Representations of Men and Masculinity in Australian Young Adult Literature
Authors: Potter Troy
Published: January 2022

In this essay, I analyse how the representation of masculine discourses, and the dialogic processes at work between those present (or absent) function to support, to undermine or to challenge the current hegemonic masculinity in two Australian Young Adult realist texts, David Metzenthen's Boys of Blood and Bone (2004) and Scot Gardner's Burning Eddy (2003). While various and viable masculine schemata, and the dialectical relations between them, may exist in society and be represented within a text, I argue that the masculine constructions which are represented and privileged in the chosen two texts ultimately perpetuate and support normative hegemonic masculinity, that is, masculinity which can be characterised by heterosexuality, a desire for mateship, a sense of responsibility or duty, actual or implicit misogyny, and an inability or unwillingness to express emotion and taciturnity (Romøren and Stephens 2002, p.220).
Beyond Dualism: Towards Interculturality in Pictorialisations of Miyazawa Kenji’s ‘Snow Crossing’ (Yukiwatari)
Authors: Kilpatrick Helen
Published: January 2022

Two pictorialisations of Kenji's 'Snow Crossing' are selected for examination because they particularise the transaction between opposing groups within an otherworldly space where their differences can be transcended. Edward Soja's concept of Thirdspace is utilized to explore the way the artwork breaks down barriers and challenges constructed centre and periphery or dominant/minority hegemonies for a post-modern Japanese audience.
Conflicting Ideologies in Three Magical Realist Children’s Novels by Isabel Allende
Authors: Hammer Yvonne
Published: January 2022

A recent movement to establish ecopoetic frames in children’s literature has led to the exploration of a critical confluence of magical realism with ecocriticism. Because of a common capacity to interrogate dominant Western value systems, magical realist discourse has been linked with ecopoetic frames that promote narrative representations of environmental justice movements. such an alignment is possible because the postcolonial heritage of magical realism, founded by Latin American authors, offers a site of resistance by which the dominant ideologies of colonising nations are interrogated. In fictions which form the basis for ecocriticism authors may create similar narrative spaces of resistance to encode representations of ecological malpractice which are enacted upon indigenous peoples by an invasive non-indigenous presence. This ideological confluence between magical realist strategies and ecocritical frames represents a problematic interface between indigenous and non-indigenous subjectivities because representations of ecological intervention are primarily Western in origin, while magical realism promotes representations of indigenous voice. the problems that arise from this alignment are particularly evident in Allende’s three quest fictions for children in that the two dominant eco-warrior protagonists are non-indigenous and narrative perspective is largely derived from Western subject focalisations. the author’s magical realist frame by which Western cultural positions are interrogated has thus been compromised by the fact that subject focalisations privilege non-indigenous perceptions about the plight of tribal peoples in a manner that limits indigenous voice. even though each eco-warrior quest instigates magical realist strategies – irreducible elements of magic, phenomenological elements, merged frames that anchor magical elements in mimetic detail (Faris, 2004) – the authorial intent to expose exploitation of indigenous peoples is framed by Western ecocritical perspectives. Furthermore, because representations of magical power saturate depictions of eco-warrior agency, the grounding mimetic is disrupted and quest resolutions are imbued by fantasy.
Flights of Fantasy? Or Space-Time Compression in Asian-Australian Picture Books
Authors: Lunt Trish
Published: January 2022

Metaphors of hybridity and the like not only recognize difference within the subject, fracturing and complicating holistic notions of identity, but also address connections between subjects by recognizing affiliations, cross-pollinations, echoes and repetitions, thereby unseating difference from a position of absolute privilege...such metaphors allow us to conceive of multiple, interconnecting axes of affiliation and differentiation. (Felski 1997, p.12)

While the concepts of space and time affect people universally, they occupy a dominant position in childhood experience by virtue of their fluidity. For a growing body that is rapidly being redefined in space as clothes, furniture and developmental phases are outgrown at what seems to surrounding adults to be an exponential rate, but that often feels to the child waiting for the next long-off birthday to be agonisingly slow. thus, space and time are understood experientially in complex but often unexamined ways. This fluidity of space and time is likewise central to but also often uncritically recognised in the representational spaces of the picture books that children consume. in order to engage with the conceptual, semiotic and socio-political dimensions of the space-time continuum in picture books, this paper will assess two stories that negotiate physical and psychical depictions of migration. the analysis will proceed by looking at the ways in which hybridised space operates as a function of power and subjectivity central to the project of mediating narratives about Asian-Australian diasporic cultures. My analysis here relates only to textual representations of migrant experience, rather than judgements about identity politics per se; and suggests ways in which diasporic experiences are negotiated across space and time in picture books.
Word-Power: Reading, Writing and Traveling from Story to Story in the 'Inkheart' Novels
Authors: Puetz Babette
Published: January 2022

Many readers of fantasy books have wished they could meet the characters or even enter the fantasy worlds of these works. This idea is played out in Cornelia Funke's 'Inkheart' trilogy, where characters move back and forth between the primary world and the secondary one which is set inside a book that is also called Inkheart. The processes and consequences of these appearances and disappearances of characters in both worlds, which - for lack of a better term - I will refer to as 'world-travel', are explored in great detail in the 'Inkheart' series. A striking example of metafiction, the work centres around the processes of reading and writing fantasy. Through a discussion of the power, reciprocity, and responsibility of the author, the reader, and the characters of the story this article will examine the author's claim that her fantasy is not escapist.
“Dreams do come true in New Orleans”: American fairy tales, Post-Katrina New Orleans, and Disney’s The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Authors: Chowdhury Radhiah
Published: January 2022

The review and analysis of the film 'The Princess and the Frog' by Walt Disney is discussed. Then film shows the sentimentalized and romanticized depiction of New Orleans and its surroundings, and seems to suggest that dreams come true in New Orleans.
Colonial Girls’ Literature and the Politics of Archives in the Digital Age
Authors: Smith Michelle J , Moruzi Kristine
Published: January 2022

The history of colonial children’s literature is intriguingly complex. Most of the books and magazines that colonial children read, by both British and colonial authors, were produced in London and then shipped to the colonies. Yet alongside these texts are others that were written and published in the colonies themselves, only occasionally making their way back to the metropole. Some colonial novels for young people remain well known, like Mary Grant Bruce’s Billabong series or L.M. Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables. But what of the many other texts, the ones that were published in Canada, in Australia, in New Zealand, and seem to have disappeared from the history of children’s literature? Attempts to recover this history are complicated by the canonisation of particular children’s texts, a process that narrows the definition of the field to texts popularised by the academy through teaching and research. Moreover, historical children’s literature can be difficult to make accessible to scholars and students because many of the texts are out of print, which may have contributed to the under-representation of certain texts in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Critical editions of historical children's literature tend to concentrate on frequently taught texts, which reinforces those texts as the most interesting and important in the field.
Digital Archives and Cultural Memory: Discovering Lost Histories in Digitised Australian Children’s Literature 1851–1945
Authors: Dicinoski Michelle
Published: January 2022

The full-text digitisation of literary works can have some unexpected benefits for researchers in and outside of the field of literary studies. While the broader availability and easier distribution of the text is a clear and intended result of digitisation, the preservation of extra-textual material—such as bookplates, inscriptions, advertisements, and marginal notes—is an unintended result that can help to expand our knowledge of literary networks, reading practices, and cultural history. This kind of material was preserved by the Children’s Literature Digital Resources Project (CLDR), whichdigitised nearly 600 works of early Australian children’s literature—including poetry, short stories, novels, and picture books—that were first published during the period 1851-1945. The CLDR resources are available online through AustLit: The Australian Literature Resource (austlit.edu.au)1. This article will look closely at some of the material found in the CLDR texts, including evidence of the books’ provenance (found in bookplates, book labels, inscriptions, and a handwritten letter), a newspaper clipping, and advertisements. Describing these discoveries can never be as informative as actually showing them, and for this reason, this essay has a companion online resource trail, ‘Digital Traces of Past Lives: Bookplates, Inscriptions, and Ephemera Discovered in Digitised Books,’ that guides readers through the digitised texts2. The discoveries are often surprising, moving, and unexpectedly informative. They remind us of the books’ material lives, their previous owners, and their status as physical and cultural artefacts. They can also tell us a little about historical literary and artistic networks in Australia, and the position of children’s book authors and illustrators within those networks. However, in order to make best use of these kinds of serendipitous discoveries, the infrastructure housing digital archives must be able to facilitate the search for this kind of material, as this article will go on to discuss.
Productive Anxieties: Lostness in The Arrival and Requiem for a Beast
Authors: Hateley Erica
Published: January 2022

The classic Australian children’s story Dot and the Kangaroo (1899) opens with a quintessential scene of lostness:

Little Dot had lost her way in the bush. She knew it, and was very frightened [...] she had pushed madly through the bushes, for hours, seeking her home. [...] The thought of being lost and alone in the wild bush at night took her breath away with fear, and made her tired little legs tremble under her.

(Pedley 1982, p. 1)

In part, Dot’s anxiety derives from her knowledge of children lost before her. She remembers the loss and death of a neighbour child whose mother ‘never saw that little boy again, although he had been found’ (Pedley, p. 2). The allusion to lostness as a state especially threatening to children informs Dot’s fear, so that Dot and the Kangaroo both draws on and extends what has been influentially described as a particularly ‘Australian anxiety’ (Pierce 1999). The same landscape which gave rise to mythologies of frontier-like hardship and survival posed real threats to anyone who might become lost in it. Accordingly, the capacity of the Australian environment to consume people infused the cultural productions of a relatively young and sparsely populated colonial society.
Storytelling and Affect in Sonya Hartnett’s The Children of the King (2012)
Authors: Miller Rose
Published: January 2022

Melbourne writer Sonya Hartnett frequently explores the ways in which a sense of place impacts on the development of identity. In her memoir Life in Ten Houses (2012), Hartnett maps each of her novels to her place of habitation at the time of writing, describing the relationship between each place and herself and the subsequent impact of this dialectic on the creative process. This reciprocal relationship between narrative and lived experience is examined in Hartnett’s novel The Children of the King (2012). Using perspectives on temporality from phenomenology and cultural memory and incorporating ideas of place from human and cultural geography, this article proposes that Hartnett uses the device of embedded narrative to examine the affective qualities of storytelling and place on the subject. This juxtaposition invites the reader to consider the fluid notions of identity inspired by embodied oral storytelling along with the perceptual opportunities afforded by the physical, sensorial world. Hartnett encourages the reader to critically assess the reliability of narrative, narrator, and the process of subjective judgement that occurs when responding to story. This recalls Linda Hutcheon’s (1989) work on historiographic metafiction, which, as she describes, has the effect of demarginalising the literary ‘through confrontation with the historical’ (p. 108). Metafictive historiographic novels, as Robyn McCallum (1999) articulates: ‘foreground the discursive and textual conventions of history writing, usually by physically incorporating and representing historical texts and discourses in ways that destabilise the relation between fiction, history and reality’ (p. 230). In The Children of the King this destabilisation is achieved through Hartnett’s double plot structure which calls attention to the constructed and affective elements of historical and fictional narratives and by the employment of the gothic mode within a realist frame.
Inertia to Action: From Narrative Empathy to Political Agency in Young Adult Fiction
Authors: Morton Lindsay , Lounsbury Lynette
Published: January 2022

‘Now tell me...’ Tobias says through a bursting breath, ‘what do you think learning strategy has to do with...bravery?’ The question reminds me that he is my instructor, and I am supposed to learn something from this. A cloud passes over the moon, and the light shifts across my hands.

‘It...it prepares you to act,’ I say finally. ‘You learn strategy so you can use it.’

(Roth 2011, pp. 143–4)

In this passage from Veronica Roth’s young adult (YA) novel Divergent (2011), protagonist Tris Prior is encouraged to make a connection between knowledge and action. More specifically, her instructor Tobias prompts Tris to articulate that strategy is necessary preparation for action. Implicit in this meta-teaching moment is an invitation for readers to embark with Tris on a journey that is exhilarating, but also instructive. Here Roth cues a generic feature of YA dystopian fiction: its function as a roadmap to agency. YA series such as Divergent (Roth 2011; 2012; 2013), The Hunger Games (Collins 2010a; 2010b; 2013), and The Maze Runner (Dashner 2010; 2011; 2013) all feature protagonists who move from inertia to action to engage with powerful enemies in a struggle for freedom and liberty. Given the genre’s overtly political concerns, this paper aims to consider what, if any, real-world empowerment might occur for readers who respond empathically to YA dystopian fiction. It explores how these texts might act as roadmaps to political agency and social activism, and asks whether—by mobilising readers’ affective responses—YA fiction might in fact immobilise young adults. In short, this paper examines whether there is there any evidence to suggest YA dystopian texts have the potential to empower a new generation of young adults to move from political inertia to action.
Ubby’s Underdogs: A Transformative Vision of Australian Community
Authors: Bradford Clare , Sly Catherine , Daozhi Xu
Published: January 2022

In Black Words White Page (2004), his seminal study of Aboriginal cultural production in Australia, Adam Shoemaker notes that ‘when Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s first collection of poetry appeared in print in 1964, a new phase of cultural communication began in Australia’ (2004, p. 5). The ‘new phase’ to which Shoemaker refers pertains to the many plays, collections of poetry and novels by Aboriginal authors published between 1964 and 1988 and directed to Australian and international audiences. Flying under the radar of scholarly attention, Aboriginal authors and artists also produced significant numbers of children’s books during this time, including Wilf Reeves and Olga Miller’s The Legends of Moonie Jarl, published by Jacaranda Press in 1964 (see O’Conor 2007), Oodgeroo Noonuccal’s Stradbroke Dreamtime (1972), and the picture books of Dick Roughsey and many other Aboriginal authors and artists (see Bradford 2001, pp. 159-90).
From the Personal to the Political, Religious, and a Vision of Socialism in Maurice Gee’s Orchard Street, a New Zealand Novel for Children
Authors: Van Rij Vivien
Published: January 2022

This article considers Orchard Street, a novel for children by award-winning New Zealand author, Maurice Gee, and his use of history in depicting New Zealand during the 1951 conflict between the Waterside Workers, and the ship-owners and National government. The article focuses first on Gee’s childhood during the 1940s in Henderson, West Auckland, and on Newington Road where he and his family lived as a model for the creation of Orchard Street. It then looks at the integration of the 1951 conflict into this realistic setting, and Gee’s charging of the street with a political significance.

A self-proclaimed socialist, Gee is firmly on the side of the Wharfies, as is his protagonist, the thirteen-year old Ossie Dye who is on the brink of adulthood, and faced with difficult choices. While supporting his parents’ socialist ideals, and delivering illegal propaganda at night, Ossie imagines he is the solitary American cowboy, Zane Grey’s Lone Star Ranger (p. 13), and excludes the lonely Bike Pike from his gang of friends.

The article briefly examines Gee’s use of an older Ossie as the first person narrator who, looking back from 1991 to the 1951 conflict, forms a circular frame that modifies its depiction. Also considered is the influence of neo-liberalism and the social and political reforms of the 1980s-1990s on Gee’s writing. The article finally argues that the multi-layered timeframe and geometrical structure of the novel are evidence not only of the author’s preoccupation with division but, more predominantly, of his socialist ideology and search for wholeness and balance.
Experimental Investigation of Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Strain-Rate Responses to Propagating Fractures
Authors: Leggett Smith , Reid Teresa , Zhu Ding , Hill A. D.
Published: January 2022

Low-frequency distributed acoustic strain-rate sensors (LF-DAS) experience strain changes due to far-field fracture propagation. To better understand the LF-DAS response to fracture propagation, we performed laboratory-scale hydraulic fracture experiments with embedded optical strain sensors. The objectives of this research are to generate hydraulic fractures of known geometry, measure the strain response along the embedded fiber optic cable comparable to LF-DAS measurements, and use the results to inform interpretation of field-derived LF-DAS data.

The experiments were conducted in unconfined transparent cubic blocks with a dimension of 8-inches on each side. The block was made of transparent epoxy in order to visualize the fracture propagation. Fiber optic sensing cables were embedded in the block with different distances to the source of injection. We injected dyed water through an injection tubing to generate a transverse, radial fracture along an initial flaw. An optical interrogator recorded the response of offset fiber Bragg grating strain sensors normal to the plane of the fracture. The strain data was visualized on a waterfall plot, akin to visualizations of field-derived LF-DAS data. Dimensional analysis was used to scale the lab results to field conditions. We compared the evolution of the strain response at the fiber optic cable, injection pressure, and rate with known fracture geometry. The measured strains were compared to Sneddon's (1946) linear elastic solution for a penny-shaped crack and found to follow this behavior.

The generated radial fractures in transparent media can be modeled with Sneddon's linear elastic radial fracture model and a mode I critical stress intensity factor. The LF-DAS characteristic response of a narrowing region of extension surrounded by compression was exhibited as a fracture approached and intersected the fiber optic cable. The experimentally derived strain and strain-rate waterfall plots with known fracture geometry, injection rate and pressure response provide insight in understanding LF-DAS responses in the field. Furthermore, we developed a method to estimate fracture geometry evolution from the fiber optic strain data and validated the method against the experimental data.
High-Resolution Acoustic Imaging and Multi-Axis Robotics: Three-Dimensional Downhole Obstruction Evaluation in Real Time
Authors: Littleford T. , Simpson G. , Halpenny M.
Published: January 2022

A novel high-resolution acoustic imaging technology was developed for the identification of downhole obstructions, restrictions, and casing damage in real time. This system is the first downhole imaging platform that incorporates an articulated robotic head to capture a dimensionally accurate three-dimensional (3D) view of the area of interest with a 0.00016-in2 resolution. The imaging head can navigate a well with a positional precision of 0.0005-in; it provides a 3D reconstruction of the adjacent casing and any obstruction that may be of interest. These real-time images can be captured in any fluid, including brine, oil, water, drilling fluids, and bitumen. The device can replace conventional lead impression blocks and optical-based cameras, both of which have struggled to provide definitive results in challenging environments associated with hydraulically fractured wells. Multi-axis robotics allows navigation through the area of interest and provides the operator with a real-time assessment of casing condition or fish location; it removes any ambiguity associated with the size, location, and orientation of a well obstruction. The rendered 3D point-cloud of data is displayed in real time to field personnel on surface allowing for operators to start planning and executing remedial action with high certainty before the tool has come to surface. This paper outlines the novel technology background and a case study of field deployment. The tool was deployed in the field as a three-dimensional method to overcome inconsistent, low-resolution, and ambiguous results provided by legacy technologies still used in industry.
Importance of Preexisting Fractures to Completion and Production Efficiencies in the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Lab MSEEL
Authors: Carr Timothy , Fathi Ebrahim , Bohn Rob , Adenan Mohammad Faiq , Li Liwei , Panetta Brian , Carney B. J. , Mitchell Natalie
Published: January 2022

The Marcellus Shale Energy and Environmental Lab (MSEEL) provides a publicly available dataset and a hypothesis-driven field test of the significance of preexisting natural fractures at multiple scales on the effectiveness of the stimulation of an unconventional reservoir. Sonic and microresistivity imaging show the presence of numerous preexisting cemented fracture swarms, which are evaluated in terms of their influence on the fracture stimulation. Natural fracture intensity in the Boggess 5H and MIP-3H were interpreted based on wireline and logging while drilling (LWD) image logs showing that 1000's of calcite and bitumen cemented, but relatively weak, fractures are present along the laterals as swarms that are at an angle to the present-day stress regime. Fractures with complex bitumen and calcite filling were recognized in cores from pilot wells at the micro and macroscales (micron to millimeter). The importance of pre-existing fractures on geometric stimulations was evaluated and compared to cluster locations that avoided intense preexisting fractures using fiber-optic distributed acoustic and distributed temperature sensing (DAS/DTS) data and supported by production and simulation. Fiber-optic DTS and DAS measurements were coupled with wireline and LWD image logs from the lateral to recognize preexisting and cemented fractures. This data is supplemented with core analysis including (CT and thin sections) from vertical pilot wells shows that clusters in parts of a stage dominated by preexisting fractures have significantly more hydraulic fracture activity to the point that other clusters appear largely inactive. In addition, processed fiber-optic data indicates that preexisting fractures can form near-well bore leak-off pathways to previous stimulated stages. Both can lead to stimulation and subsequent production inefficiencies. Two wells (Boggess 1H and 3H) that attempted to avoid preexisting fractures showed a significant increase in fracture stimulated volume based on decline curve analysis and microseismic. Production history and simulated future production support the conclusion that avoiding preexisting fractures in the Marcellus Shale can increase estimate ultimate production. We present conclusions about stage and cluster spacing and the significance of preexisting natural fractures on stage isolation and fracture efficiency. The publically available data and workflow allow others to use, verify, and evaluate our findings using the same initial data.
Hydraulic Fracture Width Inversion Using Simultaneous Downhole Tiltmeter and Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data
Authors: Moradi Peyman , Angus Doug , Sharma Mukul
Published: January 2022

A new geomechanical modeling approach is presented to estimate hydraulic fracture width based upon joint inversion of near-field and far-field slow deformation data measured, respectively, by Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Downhole Tiltmeter Fracture Mapping (DTFM) systems. Each measurement provides a unique and different perspective of the fracture. By substantially reducing the non-uniqueness of possible interpretations, integrating simultaneous deformation measurements allows us to resolve the fracture opening with higher confidence and resolution. We provide a step-by-step modeling workflow, verify our approach using synthetic data, and quantify the uncertainty. To our knowledge, no prior studies have attempted to quantitatively integrate DTFM and low-frequency DAS to obtain estimates of fracture geometry. The resulting correlation between fracture opening and fiber strain can then be applied to other stages in the treatment well that fall outside the detectability range of DTFM and only have fiber data available.
Automated Hydraulic Fracturing Integrated with Predictive Machine Learning
Authors: Butler Erin , Pertuso Dryonis , Hua Gerald , Stark Price
Published: January 2022

In unconventional wells, returns are driven in part by the reduction of variability in efficiency and performance. In 2021 the stimulation of two wells in the Bakken proceeded under the architecture of an automated frac control system communicating directly to Machine Learning predictive models at the headquarters of the well operator. This represents the first time an algorithmic frac was conducted via automation, adjusting stage designs, and pushing those stage designs to the field without human intervention.

This paper discusses a fully integrated and automated completion performed on the operator's four- well pad in the Bakken. It reviews the impact on completion performance, completion design, components of the system and execution. Throughout the completion, automated software interfaced with the frac control system executing the job. Additionally, data was uploaded live and fed to the Machine Learning predictive model. This allowed the model to learn from actual well data and suggest improvements. Improvements were captured, iterated on, and design updates were sent back to the control system for the next stage in the completion sequence. Human oversight was conducted but only as a check, during the entire process.

Both the automated frac control system and algorithmic design system were functionally separate but communicated live, allowing the operator to take advantage of their complete basin knowledge database without compromising data integrity and model confidentiality.

Additionally, sensors provided real-time data such as treating pressure, rate and proppant concentration, as well as downhole data such as cluster uniformity, fracture geometry, and offset well interactions.

The project was launched with several primary goals in mind:

First was to functionally test the automation of the frac fleet for the operator proving its ability to consistently place their designs. Second was to incorporate the prediction model algorithms into completion design and test how quickly and how much the Machine Learning models could actually learn from actual well stages.

Both of these primary goals were achieved, validating the ability to automatically execute completions and to tie design changes live to a control system elsewhere.

This represents the first time a hydraulic fracture was conducted via automation with algorithmic integrated design improvement, either independently or together. These capabilities can improve execution and performance where it is becoming increasingly difficult to deliver step changes in well performance with current manual crews and technology. Integrated automation provides an upgrade to completion performance by reducing variability in execution and well performance while also enabling tailored designs on scales previously unattainable.
Modeling Propped and Unpropped Fracture Conductivity in Fracture and Reservoir Models: Powder River Basin Turner Study
Authors: Li Han Jake , Tan Jiasen , Craig David P. , Brehm Andy , Han Jichao , Li Qian
Published: January 2022

Well spacing in unconventional fields is a challenging task because the hydraulic fracture geometry is not fully known and there is uncertainty about reservoir properties. Integrating geomechanics medeling with reservoir simulation is a cost-effective and efficient approach for generating realistic fracture geometry, estimating fracture conductivity, and understanding fluid flow behavior. This paper presents a case study of integrated geomechanical and reservoir flow simulation validated with fracture and reservoir diagnostics for the purpose of determining ideal well spacing.

In a Rocky Mountain Powder River Basin field, a standalone horizontal well in the Turner reservoir was produced for almost a year before drilling adjacent infill producers. FMI logs recorded in the infill wells indicated hundreds of hydraulic fractures growing from the parent well. Based on the distances and the hydraulic fracture density from the image logs, a 3D fracture model was calibrated for the parent well.

The fracture geometry and simulated proppant concentration were then exported to a reservoir simulator, where production was history matched. This simulation was constrained by measured far-field pressure data from the DFIT in each wellbore. A rigorous fracture conductivity calculation workflow was developed and applied before reservoir simulation. The conductivity workflow uses simulated proppant concentration from the fracture model and conductivity measurements of propped and unpropped fractures to define a conductivity distribution for reservoir simulation. Additionally, a proppant creep function was developed to characterize proppant-pack conductivity degradation over time.

By applying the fracture conductivity calculation workflow and the measured far-field pressure constraints, the production history was matched for the full parent wellbore. The simulation results show that the parent well's drainage are covers some of the infill well's targeted reservoir. Subsequent hydraulic fracture simulations of multiple infill wells then demonstrated the effect of parent well depletion and rock stresses on the hydraulic fracture geometry of the infill wells.

Our case study illustrates: (a) how modeled hydraulic fracture geometry can be calibrated using image logs recorded in the laterals of infill wells, (b) how a new proppant conductivity algorithm can be used to assign propped and unpropped fracture conductivity based on physics-based models of proppant concentration, (c) how reservoir simulation can be constrained with a calibrated fracture model and far-field pressure measurements, and (d) how a new proppant creep function can be used to describe proppant-pack conductivity degradation over time.
Exact multiplicity of positive solutions for the one-dimensional Minkowski-curvature problem with convex-concave nonlinearity
Authors: Gao Hongliang , Xu Jing
Published: January 2022

We establish the bifurcation curves and exact multiplicity of positive solutions for Dirichlet problem with mean curvature operator in the Minkowski spacewhere λ and L are positive parameters, f∈C1[0, ∞) ∩ C2(0, ∞) satisfies f(0) = 0 and f(u) > 0 for u ∈ (0, L), and f is convex-concave on (0, L). By a detailed analysis of the time map, we determine the interval of parameter λ in which the above problem has zero, exactly one or exactly two positive solutions when f satisfies certain conditions.
Color Associations in Landscape Design and Subscription Levels to These Associations
Authors: Eren Emine Tarakçı , Alpak Elif Merve , Düzenli Tuğba
Published: January 2022

In the present study, a two-tiered research method was adopted. In the first stage, a literature review was conducted to determine the associations that landscape colors evoke in individuals and each association was converted into a statement for each color. The developed 5-point Likert-type scale was submitted for expert opinion (N = 200) and factor analysis was conducted on the findings to determine correlated sub-factors and categorized in the same factor. Thus, the statements in the 1st factor group were mainly physical associations and named as physical associations. The second factor group was named emotional associations, and the third factor group was named behavioral associations. Thus, the survey form that will be used in the second study stage was finalized. The factor analysis was also conducted to reduce the number of statements in the scale. Furthermore, 102 statements with a factor load of below 0.20 were excluded. Thus, the final scale included 34 physical, emotional and behavioral associations in 3 dimensions. In the second stage, the final 5-point Likert-type survey form was applied to the expert group (N = 200) and the participants (N = 200) to determine the agreement of these two groups with the associations. Also, the differences between the agreement levels of the two groups with the associations and the differences between the associations were determined.The statistical analyses revealed that there was a difference between the mean association scores of the participant and the expert groups in 3 factors (physical association, emotional association and behavioral association) at 0.05 significance level (sig. 0.000, F = 34.432). The direction and size of the correlations between the factors were determined with the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the factors on others, and it was determined that there was a positive significant correlation between 1st factor and agreement, and a negative significant correlation between the 2nd and 3rd factor groups and agreement. The order of the factors that explained the variation in agreement was the 1st factor (ß =, 332; p = 0.000), the 2nd factor (ß = -, 274; p = 0.000), and the 3rd factor (ß = -, 157; p = 0.001), respectively.
A Mesh-Based Model of Liver Vasculature: Implications for Improved Radiation Dosimetry to Liver Parenchyma for Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Correa-Alfonso Camilo M. , Withrow Julia D. , Domal Sean J. , Xing Shu , Shin Jungwook , Grassberger Clemens , Paganetti Harald , Bolch Wesley E.
Published: January 2022

PurposeTo develop a detailed model of the internal vasculature of the adult liver for blood dosimetry in radiation therapy and demonstrate its application to allowing a more explicit differentiation of radiopharmaceutical decay sites within liver parenchyma separate from those within the organ’s blood content. MethodComputer-generated models of hepatic arterial (HA), hepatic venous (HV), and hepatic portal venous (HPV) vascular trees were created within individual lobe segments of the ICRP adult female and male livers (AFL/AML) via an in-house algorithm based on the ConstrainedConstructive-Optimization (CCO) method. Hemodynamic and geometric parameters of the main vessels were used as inputs. For each iteration of the algorithm, pressure, blood flow, and vessel radii within each tree were updated as each new vessel was created and connected to the viable bifurcation site. The vascular networks created inside the AFL/AML were then tetrahedralized to perform radiation transport using Monte Carlo. Specific Absorbed Fractions (SAF) were computed for monoenergetic alpha particles, electrons, and photons. Dual-region liver models of the AFL/AML were proposed and particle-specific SAF values were computed assuming blood decays as modeled in two regions: (1) sites within explicitly modeled hepatic vessels, and (2) sites within the hepatic blood pool residing outside these vessels to include the liver capillaries and blood sinuses. S-values for 22 radionuclides commonly used in radiopharmaceutical therapy were computed using the proposed dual-region liver models which were then compared to S-values obtained in current dosimetric practice: a single-region liver model of homogenized liver parenchyma (LP) and liver blood (LB). ResultsLiver models with virtual vasculatures of ~6000 non-intersecting straight cylinders representing the HA, HPV, and HV circulations were created independently for the ICRP reference AFL and AML. SAF energy profiles were obtained using the single-region and dual-region models. For alpha emitting radionuclides, S-values using the single-region models were approximately 14% and 11% higher than the S-values obtained using the dual-region AFL and AML models, respectively. For beta and auger-electron emitters, S-values based on the single-region model were up to 13% and 11% higher than in the dual-region model for the AFL and AML, respectively.ConclusionsThe methodology employed for the liver can be applied to all major organs of the computational phantom for both improved dosimetry of organ parenchyma.
Digital Economy Development and Haze Pollution: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities
Authors: Che shuai , Wang jun
Published: January 2022

The development of the digital economy radiates to national ecological protection and resource utilisation, holding the key to haze governance. Firstly, this paper examines whether the development of digital economy in China has a restraining effect on haze pollution. Secondly, the article verifies the robustness of the research results through the instrumental variable method and quasi-natural experiment. Finally, the paper examines the potential transmission channels of haze pollution affected by the digital economy. Results show the digital economy negatively affects urban haze pollution in China. Specifically, in resource-based, non-resource-based, eastern and large cities, the growth of the digital economy has an obvious repression on haze pollution. The establishment of the "national big data comprehensive experimental area" is conducive to the control of haze pollution. Finally, the results reveal that the development of the digital economy significantly reduces haze pollution through economic growth, industrial structure and foreign direct investment effects.
An Ensemble Based Computational Social System for Fake News Detection in MANET Messaging
Authors: Ramkissoon Amit Neil , Goodridge Wayne
Published: January 2022

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are utilised in a variety of mission critical situations and as such it is important to detect any fake news that exists in such networks. This research combines the power of Veracity, a unique, computational social system with that of Legitimacy, a dedicated ensemble learning technique, to detect Fake News in MANET Messaging. Veracity uses five algorithms namely, VerifyNews, CompareText, PredictCred, CredScore and EyeTruth for the capture, computation and analysis of the credibility and content data features using computational social intelligence. To validate Veracity, a dataset of publisher credibility-based and message content-based features is generated to predict fake news. To analyse the data features, Legitimacy, a unique ensemble learning prediction model is used. Four analytical methodologies are used to analyse these experimental results. The analysis of the results reports a good performance of the Veracity architecture combined with the Legitimacy model for the task of fake news detection in MANET Messaging.
The Effect of China's Regional Economic Competitiveness on CO2 Emissions-Based on Economic Factors
Authors: Chang keliang , Du zifang , Gao Wang , Wang Quan , Chen Guijing , Ma Wenbo
Published: January 2022

Under the pressure of emission-reduction, China's regional economy needs to eliminate the mode of high energy consumption, high pollution, and high emission. However, the economic development of each region has its own characteristics. Therefore, to analyze the differences in the effect of regional economic development on CO2 emissions, this work made an investigation from the perspective of regional economic competitiveness. First, using the panel data of thirteen economic factors from 2003-2017, this work evaluated the economic competitiveness of 30 provinces from the four aspects: competitiveness of residents’ wealth (WC), competitiveness of opening-up (OC), competitiveness of technology (TC), and competitiveness of industrial structure (IC). Furthermore, the panel principal component regression model (PPCR) was established for the eastern region, the central region, and the western region according to the score of competitiveness in four aspects. The results suggested that the promoting effect of WC on CO2 emissions presented the rule opposite to WC. In other words, the stronger the competitive advantage of WC, the weaker its effect on promoting CO2 emissions. The "pollution refuge" hypothesis was verified in all three regions of China. And the promotion of CO2 emissions by OC was the strongest in the central region, followed by the eastern region, and the weakest in the western region. TC promoted CO2 emissions in the central region, but inhibited CO2 emissions in the eastern and western regions. Finally, the inhibiting effect of IC on CO2 emissions showed the same law as IC. Based on the conclusions, some recommendations were put forward.
Synthesis of Modern Nanodrugs to Simulate the Activity of Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes Its Software Study to Enter the Surface Membrane of Blood
Authors: Masoumi sara , Esmaeili Akbar
Published: January 2022

In this study magnetic nanoparticles serve as a carrier for delivering the drug to the target. Simulations were done using COMSOL multi-physics and visual molecular dynamics software. In this study, with the help of docking, the structure of buprenorphine with CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 complexes was modeled to function as the main enzymes entering the human body (only model theoretical). The crystallographic structure of the complexes is available in the protein database. Interaction of BUP with cell membrane has been investigated in terms of Van der Waals energy and center of mass distance. Our results confirm the stability, appropriateness and low uptake of buprenorphine into the cell membrane. Computational results also confirmed the accuracy of laboratory studies. Due to its hydrophobic properties, buprenorphine retains stability and low adsorption by the cell membranes. Consumption and administration of buprenorphine can be much more effective and efficient in the treatment of withdrawal from modern drug delivery methods. The innovative feature of this project is the study of interactions using molecular dynamics simulation methods and the behavior of these complexes in different environments. Physiological simulations of the body for magnetic force and tensile force due to adhesion were examined utilizing visual molecular dynamics and COMSOL software.
Dynamics Modeling Method Dedicated to System Models with Open- and Closed-loop Structures Subjected to Kinematic and Task Based Constraints
Authors: Jarzębowska Elżbieta , Augustynek Krzysztof , Urbaś Andrzej
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a development of an automated computational procedure for constrained dynamics (CoPCoD) dedicated to derivation of dynamical models of mechanical systems, e.g. manipulators both ground and space or mobile robotic systems, which can be composed of rigid and flexible links. They may be subjected to constraints, which are referred to as programmed, may come from performance requirements, e.g. work or services a system is dedicated to. The CoPCoD structure offers systematic modeling of either open or closed loop constrained structures and results in computationally efficient numerical dynamical equations derivation. The CoPCoD development has its background in the generalized programmed motion equations (GPME) algorithm developed successfully for rigid models of mechanical systems subjected to high order nonholonomic constraints, however, the GPME was not fully automated for computer equation derivations. The two main motivations that underlie the CoPCoD development are to extend the GPME to flexible system models and make it fully automated to computer equation derivations for large classes of systems. The paper presents the general scheme of the CoPCoD architecture and examples which illustrate its application advantages.