bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEETING THE GREATEST CHALLENGES FOR LEADERS OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Morgan Jacob
Published: February 2020

This article examines my research on the future of leadership. I interviewed over 140 CEOs at companies across industries and worldwide, including Mastercard, Unilever, Oracle, Verizon, Itaú, and Unibanco. Most interviews were done either in person or via 45–60‐minute calls. These CEOs represent over 7 million people, 35 industries, and 20 countries. All of the CEOs were asked 12 questions, such as: What trends will impact the future of leadership? What skills do you think the leader of the future will need to possess and why? What will be some of the greatest challenges for the leader of the future? I also teamed with LinkedIn to survey almost 14,000 of their global members who self‐identified as full‐time employees to compare their perceptions with what CEOs were saying. I interviewed academics, researchers, and coaches and combed through hundreds of case studies, books, articles, and reports on leadership and the future of leadership. In particular, I focus on two categories of challenges, which I call futurize and humanize. Executives quoted include Barri Rafferty, CEO of Ketchum, a global communications consultancy; and Lynn Jurich is the CEO of Sunrun, the United States' leading home solar and energy services company.
MASS SPECTROMETRY‐BASED MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEOMICS IN HUMAN OVARIAN CANCERS
Authors: Li Na , Zhan Xianquan
Published: February 2020

The prominent characteristics of mitochondria are highly dynamic and regulatory, which have crucial roles in cell metabolism, biosynthetic, senescence, apoptosis, and signaling pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction might lead to multiple serious diseases, including cancer. Therefore, identification of mitochondrial proteins in cancer could provide a global view of tumorigenesis and progression. Mass spectrometry‐based quantitative mitochondrial proteomics fulfils this task by enabling systems‐wide, accurate, and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial protein abundance, and mitochondrial protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Multiple quantitative proteomics techniques, including isotope‐coded affinity tag, stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification, tandem mass tags, and label‐free quantification, in combination with different PTM‐peptide enrichment methods such as TiO2 enrichment of tryptic phosphopeptides and antibody enrichment of other PTM‐peptides, increase flexibility for researchers to study mitochondrial proteomes. This article reviews isolation and purification of mitochondria, quantitative mitochondrial proteomics, quantitative mitochondrial phosphoproteomics, mitochondrial protein‐involved signaling pathway networks, mitochondrial phosphoprotein‐involved signaling pathway networks, integration of mitochondrial proteomic and phosphoproteomic data with whole tissue proteomic and transcriptomic data and clinical information in ovarian cancers (OC) to in‐depth understand its molecular mechanisms, and discover effective mitochondrial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for predictive, preventive, and personalized treatment of OC. This proof‐of‐principle model about OC mitochondrial proteomics is easily implementable to other cancer types. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev
Voluntary Inhibitory Control of Chorea: A Case Series
Authors: Bonomo Roberta , Latorre Anna , Balint Bettina , Smilowska Katarzyna , Rocchi Lorenzo , Rothwell John C. , Zappia Mario , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: February 2020

Background

Volitional control of involuntary movements has so far been considered a hallmark of tic disorders. However, modulation of involuntary movements can also be observed in other hyperkinesias.

Cases

Here, we present 6 patients with chorea able to suppress their involuntary movements, on demand. In 3 of them, surface electromyography was used to quantify degree of suppression and confirmed a reduction of muscle activity up to 68%, during volitional control.

Conclusion

This observation represents a first step toward a description of a new clinical feature in choreic syndromes and an opportunity to redefine the role of volitional inhibition in hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Retention of T-Bar Anchor Tags for Channel Catfish in the Red River of the North
Authors: Spurgeon Jonathan J. , Pegg Mark A. , Siddons Stephen F. , Hansen Henry H.
Published: February 2020

Tagging fish for mark–recapture studies is a common practice in fisheries science that is used to estimate population parameters. However, biased estimates may result from an incomplete understanding of tag retention. The objective of this study was to assess tag retention for a large-river population of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus over a 2,196-d period by using both discrete and instantaneous tag-retention models. A total of 3,827 Channel Catfish were double tagged with T-bar anchor tags in the Red River of the North from 2013 to 2016. The number of tagged Channel Catfish that were recaptured from 2013 to 2019 was 227, with 177 individuals retaining both tags and 50 individuals retaining one tag. Tag retention was estimated at 88% over the study interval by using a discrete tag-retention estimator. An instantaneous tag-retention model suggested that initial tag retention was high, while instantaneous tag shedding was 0.00028 (95% CI = 0.00021 to 0.00038). Based on the instantaneous model, tag retention was predicted as 90% (95% CI = 87% to 93%) at the end of the first year and 54% (95% CI = 44% to 64%) at the end of the study interval. When instantaneous estimates of tag retention are obtained, T-bar anchor tags may be appropriate for studies that evaluate population parameters for Channel Catfish over extended periods.
Professional consciousness and pride facilitate evidence‐based practice—The meaning of participating in a journal club based on clinical practice reflection
Authors: Beck Malene , Simonÿ Charlotte , Bergenholtz Heidi , Hwiid Klausen Susanne
Published: February 2020

Aim

An evidence‐based approach should permeate clinical nursing practice, but many nurses lack confidence in applying relevant research evidence to clinical practice. Journal club participation can increase evidence‐based practice knowledge and skills while facilitating positive attitudes among participants. Thus, the aim was to describe the experience of nurses in participating in a journal club based on a curriculum derived from their practice narratives.

Design

The study employed a phenomenological hermeneutical approach. Qualitative data from six focus groups with 19 nurses were interpreted in a three‐step process influenced by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur.

Methods

Influenced by narrative pedagogy and critical reflection through problem‐based learning, a journal club named Reflexivity was facilitated in three 2‐hourly workshops over eight weeks and evaluated together with nurses across three clinical departments.

Results

Three themes are identified: (a) professional reflections are an oppressed aspect of daily nursing; (b) revealing nursing from the hidden; and (c) emerging consciousness in nursing. The study concludes that Reflexivity has the potential to integrate evidence‐based knowledge and increase professional consciousness by reflection on clinical questions in an evidence‐based context. Fundamental issues of nursing care are raised, and feelings of essential pride in nursing are facilitated. Thus, evidence‐based nursing practice is embarked through a journal club based on the participant's narratives.
Studies on multistep thermal decomposition behavior of polytriazole polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran elastomer
Authors: Hu Jinghui , Gong Li , He Jiyu , Yang Rongjie
Published: February 2020

Polytriazole polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran (PTPET) is an energetic propellant elastomer that is prepared using glycidyl azide polymer and trifunctional alkynyl‐terminated polyethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran. Its thermal decomposition, determined using thermogravimetic analysis, showed two mass‐loss peaks largely related to the decomposition of azide groups and the main chain. Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose methods were deployed to obtain kinetic triplet parameters of PTPET thermal decomposition by the traditional model‐free method; the Coats‐Redfern approach was used as the model‐fitting method. Kinetics analysis indicated that the mechanism of the two‐step reactions were the primary‐reaction of first order and the power‐law phase reaction of the 2/3 order. The first decomposition stage of PTPET had an activation energy (Ea) of 113 to 116 kJ/mol while the second was 196 to 210 kJ/mol. The thermal decomposition of PTPET with different heating rates and mechanisms showed good kinetic compensation effects, the gas products being further studied with TG‐FTIR.
Water dispersible magnetite nanocluster coated with thermo‐responsive thiolactone‐containing copolymer
Authors: Paenkaew Sujittra , Kajornprai Todsapol , Rutnakornpituk Metha
Published: February 2020

This work focused on surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacylate)‐b‐(poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐st‐poly(thiolactone acrylamide)), PPEGMA‐b‐(PNIPAAm‐st‐PTlaAm), diblock copolymer, synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to obtain the particles having good water dispersible PPEGMA brushes, thermo‐responsive PNIPAAm, and reactive thiolactone groups of PTlaAm. The thiolactone moiety in the copolymer can readily react with amino groups grafted on MNP surface and essentially induced the formation of MNP nanocluster. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the size of the nanocluster ranged between 200 and 500 nm per cluster with 8 to 10 nm in diameter for each particle. Hydrodynamic diameter of the nanocluster significantly decreased as the dispersion temperature increased from 25°C to 45°C due to the shrinkage of thermo‐responsive PNIPAAm when crossing its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This stable nanocluster might be potentially used as a magnetic carrier for control release of entrapped entities with a thermally triggering mechanism.
Formation and characterization of zinc oxide complexes in composite hydrogel films for potential wound healing applications
Authors: Dharmalingam Koodalingam , Bordoloi Devivasha , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Anandalakshmi Ramalingam
Published: February 2020

The objective of this investigation is to fabricate hydrogel films comprising sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in the presence of citric acid (CA) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by solution casting method. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the crystallinity of films decreases and also ZnO crystalline peaks were disappeared with increase in CA concentrations (5‐20 wt%). Fourier transform infrared and micro‐Raman analysis confirmed the absence of Zn‐O vibration. It was found that swelling degree, tensile strength, and initial decomposition temperature of the films decreased with increase in CA. As CA concentration increases, the agglomeration of the NP increases according to field emission scanning electron microscopy and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) analysis. FETEM‐EDX elemental mapping showed that the NP is composed of C, O, and Zn. The prepared films released zinc and showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli MTCC 1610 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 6538. The fabricated films exhibited biocompatibility with HaCaT cells. The analysis reports that the prepared hydrogel films may be used for potential wound healing applications.
Comparing empowering, transformational, and transactional leadership on supervisory coaching and job performance: A multilevel perspective
Authors: Lee Michelle C.C. , Ding Alyssa Y.L.
Published: February 2020

With a leader being able to possess different types of leadership styles, there is a lack of literature investigating which leadership style best facilitates supervisory coaching behavior. The current study aimed to investigate which leadership style would exhibit supervisory coaching behavior, and if supervisory coaching behavior would mediate the relationship between leadership styles and job performance. The study compared the effects of three leadership styles—transformational, transactional, and empowering leadership—on supervisory coaching behavior, which has been reported to influence job performance. A multilevel approach was adopted in this study using 500 employees from 65 organizations within Malaysia. The study found that only empowering and transactional leadership styles exhibited supervisory coaching behavior, which in turn mediated their relationships with job performance. Overall, the findings suggest the importance of leadership styles that prioritize employee development, as these would lead to improved job performance in employees.
Anti‐TNF treatment during pregnancy and birth outcomes: A population‐based study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
Authors: Bröms Gabriella , Kieler Helle , Ekbom Anders , Gissler Mika , Hellgren Karin , Lahesmaa‐Korpinen Anna‐Maria , Pedersen Lars , Schmitt‐Egenolf Marcus , Sørensen Henrik T. , Granath Fredrik
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To study the risk of preterm birth, caesarean section, and small for gestational age after anti‐tumor necrosis factor agent treatment (anti‐TNF) in pregnancy.

Methods

Population‐based study including women with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis, and their infants born 2006 to 2013 from the national health registers in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Women treated with anti‐TNF were compared with women with nonbiologic systemic treatment. Adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab were compared pairwise. Continuation of treatment in early pregnancy was compared with discontinuation. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in logistic regression models adjusted for country and maternal characteristics.

Results

Among 1 633 909 births, 1027 infants were to women treated with anti‐TNF and 9399 to women with nonbiologic systemic treatment. Compared with non‐biologic systemic treatment, women with anti‐TNF treatment had a higher risk of preterm birth, odds ratio 1.61 (1.29‐2.02) and caesarean section, 1.57 (1.35‐1.82). The odds ratio for small for gestational age was 1.36 (0.96‐1.92). In pairwise comparisons, infliximab was associated with a higher risk of severely small for gestational age for inflammatory joint and skin diseases but not for inflammatory bowel disease. Discontinuation of anti‐TNF had opposite effects on preterm birth for inflammatory bowel disease and inflammatory joint and skin diseases.

Conclusions

Anti‐TNF agents were associated with increased risks of preterm birth, caesarean section, and small for gestational age. However, the diverse findings across disease groups may indicate an association related to the underlying disease activity, rather than to agent‐specific effects.
Evaluation of risk perception, knowledge, and preparedness of extreme storm events for the improvement of coastal resilience among migrants: A lesson from Hong Kong
Authors: Guo Chunlan , Sim Timothy , Ho Hung Chak
Published: February 2020

The severity, intensity, and frequency of extreme storm events facing coastal areas are increasing due to climate change and urban sprawl. Migrant populations are particularly vulnerable in extreme storm events due to resource deficits, a lack of preparedness, and social isolation. Empirical knowledge is needed to help develop comprehensive guidelines to improve coastal resilience for the prevention of adverse impacts from extreme storm events, which should include specific action plans for migrant communities. A cross‐sectional telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong in July 2018. Most of the 1,015 participants agreed that it was very likely that super typhoons would hit the city in the future. Although most of the migrants under study had lived in Hong Kong for more than 30 years and acquired the local spoken language, there were many significant differences between the migrants and native‐born populations surveyed, notably migrants' comparative lack of knowledge about the tropical cyclone warnings (odds ratio [OR] = 0.320, confidence interval, CI [0.227, 0.451]). Moreover, fewer migrants than native‐born populations had prepared first‐aid kits (OR = 0.583, CI [0.424, 0.801]) or flashlights (OR = 0.412, CI [0.260, 0.655]) at home. A longer migration duration did not change the risk perception or preparedness for a typhoon but did have a significant positive influence on knowledge. In addition, migration played a significant moderating role in enhancing the effect of risk perception on daily disaster preparedness. This research, addressing the needs of migrants in disaster risk reduction, suggests that future research and policy formulation should focus on strengthening migrants' preparedness for typhoons and enhancing their disaster risk literacy.
Large‐scale systems resilience: A survey and unifying framework
Authors: Shen Lijuan , Cassottana Beatrice , Heinimann Hans Rudolf , Tang Loon Ching
Published: February 2020

A unifying framework in defining and measuring resilience has been an intense research topic. In this paper, resilience is measured as a function of intrinsic capacities of a system, the effectiveness of recovery, and the extrinsic random shock process. Some existing resilience measures are analyzed as special cases of the proposed unifying measure. Then, we develop a framework in which the key constituents in achieving resilience are identified. Resilience is represented by four key dimensions: reliability, robustness, recovery, and reconfigurability. Finally, some practical and specific strategies are proposed to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructure systems under the proposed framework.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based platforms for studies involving nanoparticle effects in biological samples
Authors: Galazzi Rodrigo M. , Chacón‐Madrid Katherine , Freitas Daniel C. , da Costa Luana F. , Arruda Marco A.Z.
Published: February 2020

The widespread application of nanoparticles (NPs) in recent times has caused concern because of their effects in biological systems. Although NPs can be produced naturally, industrially synthesized NPs affect the metabolism of a given organism because of their high reactivity. The biotransformation of NPs involves different processes, including aggregation/agglomeration, and reactions with biomolecules that will be reflected in their toxicity. Several analytical techniques, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), have been used for characterizing and quantifying NPs in biological samples. In fact, in addition to providing information regarding the morphology and concentration of NPs, ICP‐MS‐based platforms, such as liquid chromatography/ICP‐MS, single‐particle ICP‐MS, field‐flow fractionation (asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation)‐ICP‐MS, and laser ablation‐ICP‐MS, yield elemental information about molecules. Furthermore, such information together with speciation analysis enlarges our understanding of the interaction between NPs and biological organisms. This study reports the contribution of ICP‐MS‐based platforms as a tool for evaluating NPs in distinct biological samples by providing an additional understanding of the behavior of NPs and their toxicity in these organisms.
Chloride Corrosion Resistant Nitrogen doped Reduced Graphene Oxide/Platinum Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in an Acidic Medium
Authors: Saquib Mohammad , Bharadwaj Arpit , Singh Kushwaha Himmat , Halder Aditi
Published: February 2020

Impurities present in the electrolyte often interfere with the electrochemical performance of the electrocatalysts. A robust electrocatalyst can provide corrosion resistance towards the poisoning of contaminants in the electrolyzer. In this present work, N doped graphene and graphene with platinum nanoparticles (NPs) composites (RGO−Pt, U‐NGO−Pt, and A‐NGO−Pt) have been studied against chloride ion poisoning on the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium. Effect of chloride ion poisoning has been studied by adding Cl‐ ion ranging from 0.16 to 0.96 mM in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. Experimental data revealed that the activated N‐ doped graphene oxide (by KOH at 600 °C) and Pt NPs composite imparts the highest Cl‐ corrosion resistance due to the presence of more pyridinic and pyrrolic groups in the N doped graphene‐Pt composite catalyst. Electrochemical studies showed that A‐NGO−Pt displayed the highest exchange current density (3.20 mA cm−2) and it was nearly 1.3 and 7 times higher than that of RGO−Pt (2.43 mA cm−2) and U‐NGO−Pt (0.46 mA cm−2) respectively. Tafel slope for HER was improved from 35.5 (RGO−Pt) to 32.6 mV dec−1 (A‐NGO−Pt), indicating that the doping of N in the graphene plays an important role in the improvement of the catalytic activity of A‐NGO−Pt catalyst. The impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry data in presence of 0.96 mM Cl− ion concentration, LSV curves, and ECSA values before after chronoamperometry for A‐NGO−Pt catalyst confirmed that it was a chloride ion‐resistant, stable and durable electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen generation by the electrochemical water splitting.
Ru‐Catalyzed O‐H Insertion of Sulfoxonium Ylide and Carboxylic Acid to Synthesize α‐Acyloxy Ketones
Authors: Mu Yangxiu , Chen Yongxin , Gao Yuanyu , Sun Jian , Iqbal Zafar , Wan Yaya , Yang Minghua , Yang Zhixiang , Tang Dong
Published: February 2020

A Ru‐catalyzed method is developed for the synthesis of α‐acyloxy ketones from sulfoxonium ylide and carboxylic acid. The strategy achieves an excellent selectivity in the presence of 1,10‐phenanthroline as ligand to afford the corresponding product in good yields under simple conditions. The reaction is believed to provide an alternative method to generate ester compounds.
Recent Development of Glucosamine‐6‐phosphate Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Liu Xingbang , Ma Shutao
Published: February 2020

The glmS riboswitch (glucosamine‐6‐phosphate activated riboswitch) is located at the 5’‐ untranslated region of the glmS mRNA, which carries the gene of glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (GlcN6P) synthetase named amidotransferase. The glmS riboswitch can bind to its natural coenzyme GlcN6P and lead to its own self‐cleavage, causing the decrease in the expression of the glmS RNA and the synthesis of amidotransferase, and finally, reducing the production of GlcN6P. Since GlcN6P is of vital importance in the metabolic pathway of the bacterial cell wall synthesis, the glmS riboswitch gradually becomes a promising target of antibiotic drugs. In this review, an overview of the development of the glmS riboswitch activators as novel and potent antibacterial agents is described, which involves the structure of the glmS riboswitch and its self‐cleavage mechanism, various the glmS riboswitch activators and their structure‐activity relationships. In particular, the analogs of GlcN6P that can induce self‐cleavage of the glmS riboswitch are highlighted. The most promising compound 9 (Carba‐GlcN6P) exhibited not only excellent activity in inducing the self‐cleavage of the glmS riboswitch, but also great efficacy (kobs=0.153 min−1) at 200 μM compared to GlcN6P (kobs=0.177 min−1).
Green Synthesis of Curcumin Conjugated CuO Nanoparticles for Catalytic Reduction of Methylene Blue
Authors: Qasem Mayada , El Kurdi Riham , Patra Digambara
Published: February 2020

A novel simple green synthesis route was applied to produce copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) and CuO nanograins (NGs) by using cupric chloride dihydrated as copper salt precursor, curcumin (a natural and non‐toxic food spice) as conjugated agent with or without cetyl trimethylammonium bromide acting as a stabilizing agent at extreme basic condition. Synthesis of this curcumin conjugated CuO nanoparticles was optimized by studying effect of several parameters starting with copper salt precursor, curcumin concentration, pH and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analyzer, thermogravimetirc analysis, X‐ray diffraction, UV‐visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and zeta potential were used to characterize the resulted CuO NPs/NGs. In this work, the synthesized copper oxide nanograins were found to be efficient nano‐catalysts for the reduction of methylene blue and it was found that nanograin has better catalytic activity compared to spherical shape nanoparticles, emphasizing shape of the CuO particles is crucial for its nanocatalytic activity.
Sandwich‐Type Porphyrin Complexes as Efficient Sensitizers for Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Zou Zhi‐Yang , Ping‐Ding  , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Liang Zuo‐Qin , Tao Xu‐Tang
Published: February 2020

Two sandwich‐type porphyrin complexes Pd(MeTPP)2 and Pt(MeTPP)2 have been synthesized by the longitudinal coordination of metal ion and porphyrin. The sandwich‐type porphyrin complexes present long triplet lifetime, which is almost 1.4 times longer than the single‐decker porphyrin complexes. Their long triplet lifetimes result in high upconversion quantum yields. An increasing upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC) of up to 29.1 % is obtained under excitation of low power density at 78 mW cm−2. Moreover, porphyrin complexes are used in photoelectrochemical cell to realize sub‐bandgap photo capture and conversion. It is manifested that sandwich‐type structure provides an effective method for porphyrin complexes to enhance the upconversion quantum yield.
Effects of Nanoparticle Electrostatics and Protein–Protein Interactions on Corona Formation: Conformation and Hydrodynamics
Authors: Lee Hwankyu
Published: February 2020

All‐atom molecular dynamics simulations of plasma proteins (human serum albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin gamma‐1 chain‐C, complement C3, and apolipoprotein A‐I) adsorbed onto 10 nm sized cationic, anionic, and neutral polystyrene (PS) particles in water are performed. In simulations of a single protein with a PS particle, proteins eventually bind to all PS particles, regardless of particle charge, in agreement with experiments showing the binding between anionic proteins and particles, which is further confirmed by calculating the binding free energies from umbrella sampling simulations. Simulations of mixtures of multiple proteins and a PS particle show the formation of the protein layer on the surface via the adsorption competition between proteins, which influences the binding affinity and structure of adsorbed proteins. In particular, diffusivities are much higher for proteins bound to the particle surface or to the boundary of the protein layer than for those bound to both the particle surface and other proteins, indicating the dependence of protein mobility on their positions in the layer. These findings help to explain in detail experimental observations regarding the replacement of plasma proteins at the early stage of corona formation and the difference in the binding strength of proteins in inner and outer protein‐layers.
An integrated approach of form finding and construction simulation for glass fiber‐reinforced polymer elastic gridshells
Authors: Xiang Sheng , Cheng Bin , Zou Le , Kookalani Soheila
Published: February 2020

Glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) elastic gridshell is composed of long continuous GFRP tubes and achieves its shape through the elastic deformations during the lifting construction process. However, the complicated mechanical behaviors during the practical forming process are rarely examined in the previous researches. In this research, an innovative approach consolidating the form‐finding analysis and the construction simulation is proposed for the GFRP elastic gridshells. The integrated approach, which is developed with the ABAQUS and Python, is based on finite element analysis and iterative optimization; therefore, the mechanical deformations of gridshell can be accurately taken into account. The procedure of the integrated analysis is comprehensively presented by taking a typical double‐hump gridshell as an example. The form‐finding results (i.e., the flat lattices) derived from the iteration are found to be insensitive to the initial input. The structural behavior indexes (e.g., deflections, support reactions, and sectional stresses) during the lifting construction process are also available in the analysis. Based on the indexes, some general structural features of such gridshells are concluded. The achievements provide novel perspectives for the form‐finding analysis of GFRP elastic gridshells where lifting construction is involved, which is beneficial for the design and analysis of such structures.
Andrographolide mitigates cardiac apoptosis to provide cardio‐protection in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Ho , Marthandam Asokan Shibu , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Hsieh You‐Liang , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Viswanadha Vijayapadma , Lin Yi‐Lin , Wang Shulin , Yang Caixian , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: February 2020

Excessive intake of high fat diet (HFD) and associated obese conditions are critical contributors of cardiac diseases. In this study, an active metabolite andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was found to ameliorate HFD‐induced cardiac apoptosis. C57/BL6 mouse were grouped as control (n = 9), obese (n = 8), low dose (25 mg/kg/d) andrographolide treatment (n = 9), and high dose (50 mg/kg/d) andrographolide treatment (n = 9). The control group was provided with standard laboratory chow and the other groups were fed with HFD. Andrographolide was administered through oral gavage for 1 week. Histopathological analysis showed increase in apoptotic nuclei and considerable cardiac‐damages in the obese group signifying cardiac remodeling effects. Further, Western blot results showed increase in pro‐apoptotic proteins and decrease in the proteins of IGF‐1R‐survival signaling. However, feeding of andrographolide significantly reduced the cardiac effects of HFD. The results strongly suggest that andrographolide supplementation can be used for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in obese patients.
Professional Learning With Preservice Teachers: The IRA Student Council at Clemson University
Authors: McNair Jonda C. , Aker Lisa D.
Published: February 2020

While highlighting an undergraduate student council at a university, the authors emphasize the importance of being involved in professional organizations. First, the authors briefly highlight scholarship related to professional learning, then give examples of ways that undergraduates were involved in professional learning and community service through their student council. The authors conclude with logistical information and pitfalls related to sustaining the student council, as well as recommendations for others who may be interested in starting councils in their communities. Although the focus of this teaching tip is on working with preservice teachers in a student council located on a college campus, the ideas and suggestions are also applicable for those who want to create local councils for inservice teachers.
Lightning predator: the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl snatches flower-visiting hummingbirds in southwestern Brazil
Authors: Sazima Ivan
Published: February 2020

Pygmy owls of the genus Glaucidium prey on large insect and small vertebrates, mostly birds. Among the birds preyed on by pygmy owls are hummingbirds, caught mostly while mobbing these owlets or when still at nestling stage. I report here on the Ferruginous Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) snatching flower-visiting hummingbirds in an orchard at a farm in southwestern Brazil. I recorded one White-tailed Goldenthroat (Polytmus guainumbi) and three Gilded Hummingbirds (Hylocharis chrysura) preyed on by this owlet on three consecutive days. The large concentration of flowers and, consequently, of hummingbirds in the orchard likely contributed to the hunting success of the owlet on such fleeting and quickly moving prey. The role this pygmy owl plays on predation of adult hummingbirds in the Neotropics merits closer consideration.
Aggregations of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in soybean plantations in central Cerrado, Brazil
Authors: Tubelis Dárius Pukenis
Published: February 2020

This study reports on large aggregations of Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in soybean plantations in the surroundings of Parque Nacional das Emas, southwestern Brazil. Observations were done during harvesting activities in February 2009. Aggregations were found by driving a vehicle through roads that crossed or bordered soybean plantations located at less than 4 km from this park. For each aggregation detected, individuals found around harvesting machines were counted. The abundance of Southern Caracaras of each aggregation ranged between 76 and 104 individuals (n = 8). Despite the attraction of high numbers of caracaras to proximities of machines, most of them appear to do not obtain much food resources during harvesting of soybean fields. Caracaras were seen capturing small mammals, lizards, birds and large insects. This association between C. plancus and harvesting activities can be considered as opportunist behavior in response to rapid modification of grain-production landscapes in the Cerrado.
A case of beak deformity in the Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis and a review on beak deformities in wild birds in Brazil
Authors: Purificação Keila Nunes
Published: February 2020

Beak deformities in wild birds are rarely reported. Here, I described a case of beak deformity in Shiny Cowbird,Molothrus bonariensis, and also provide a review on beak deformities recorded in wild birds in Brazil. In October 2016, I observed aM. bonariensiswith a grossly elongated maxilla in the east region of the Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The literature review revealed 60 records of beak deformities in the Brazilian avifauna. The most common types of deformity were crossed maxillae or mandibles (38%), probable accidental injuries (27%), and elongations (15%). Deformities were reported in 35 bird species of 22 families. The most affected species wasRamphastos tocowith 21 records. The number of published reports from Brazil was low overall, and are not related as an epizootic episode recorded in some bird communities.
Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla in Brazil: occurrence away from the coast and a new record for the central-west region
Authors: de Lima Pereira Karla Dayane , de Oliveira Jayrson Araújo
Published: February 2020

The Semipalmated Sandpiper, Calidris pusilla, is a Western Hemisphere migrant shorebird for which Brazil forms an internationally important contranuptial area. In Brazil, the species main contranuptial areas is along the Atlantic Ocean coast, in the north and northeast regions. In addition to these primary contranuptial areas, there are also records of vagrants widely distributed across Brazil. Here, we review the occurrence of vagrants of this species in Brazil, and document a new record of C. pusilla for the central-west region and a first occurrence for the state of Goiás.
Immunotherapies for pediatric cancer: current landscape and future perspectives
Authors: Hutzen Brian , Paudel Siddhi Nath , Naeimi Kararoudi Meisam , Cassady Kevin A. , Lee Dean A. , Cripe Timothy P.
Published: February 2020

The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized how we manage and treat cancer. While the majority of immunotherapy-related studies performed to date have focused on adult malignancies, a handful of these therapies have also recently found success within the pediatric space. In this review, we examine the immunotherapeutic agents that have achieved the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration for treating childhood cancers, highlighting their development, mechanisms of action, and the lessons learned from the seminal clinical trials that ultimately led to their approval. We also shine a spotlight on several emerging immunotherapeutic modalities that we believe are poised to have a positive impact on the treatment of pediatric malignancies in the near future.
Soil Inoculation Alters Leaf Metabolic Profiles in Genetically Identical Plants
Authors: Huberty Martine , Martis Beverly , van Kampen Jorian , Choi Young Hae , Vrieling Klaas , Klinkhamer Peter G. L. , Bezemer T. Martijn
Published: February 2020

Abiotic and biotic properties of soil can influence growth and chemical composition of plants. Although it is well-known that soil microbial composition can vary greatly spatially, how this variation affects plant chemical composition is poorly understood. We grew genetically identicalJacobaea vulgarisin sterilized soil inoculated with live soil collected from four natural grasslands and in 100% sterilized soil. Within each grassland we sampled eight plots, totalling 32 different inocula. Two samples per plot were collected, leading to three levels of spatial variation: within plot, between and within grasslands. The leaf metabolome was analysed with1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate if inoculation altered the metabolome of plants and how this varied between and within grasslands. Inoculation led to changes in metabolomics profiles ofJ. vulgarisin two out of four sites. Plants grown in sterilized and inoculated soils differed in concentrations of malic acid, tyrosine, trehalose and two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Metabolomes of plants grown in inoculated soils from different sites varied in glucose, malic acid, trehalose, tyrosine and in one PA. The metabolome of plants grown in soils with inocula from the same site was more similar than with inocula from distant sites. We show that soil influences leaf metabolomes. Performance of aboveground insects often depends on chemical composition of plants. Hence our results imply that soil microbial communities, via affecting aboveground plant metabolomes, can impact aboveground plant-insect food chains but that it is difficult to make general predictions due to spatial variation in soil microbiomes.
The Unconventional Copper Oxide Superconductor with Conventional Constitution
Authors: Li W. M. , Zhao J. F. , Cao L. P. , Hu Z. , Huang Q. Z. , Wang X. C. , Yu R. Z. , Long Y. W. , Wu H. , Lin H. J. , Chen C. T. , Gong Z. Z. , Guguchia Z. , Kim J. S. , Stewart G. R. , Uemura Y. J. , Uchida S. , Jin C. Q.
Published: February 2020

A new Ba2CuO4-y superconductor with critical temperature (Tc) exceeding 70 K was discovered. The X-ray absorption measurement gives evidence that this cuprate resembles La2CuO4 but is doped with a fairly large amount of holes, while in contrast to the so far known hole-doped high-Tc cuprates, the new cuprate possesses a much shorter local apical oxygen distance as well as much expanded in-plane Cu–O bond, leading to unprecedented compressed local octahedron. In compressed local octahedron, the Cu3d3z2–r2 orbital level will be lifted above the Cu3dx2-y2 orbital level with more three-dimensional features, implying that pairing symmetry may carry admixtures from more than one gap, suggesting that Ba2CuO4-y composed of alkaline earth copper oxides that are the essential elements to form cuprate superconductors may belong to a new branch of cuprate superconductors.
Market Fashioning
Authors: Aspers Patrik , Bengtsson Petter , Dobeson Alexander
Published: February 2020

How do markets come about? This article offers a first systematic analysis of three different ideal types of market fashioning: mutual adjustment, organization, and fields. Although aspects of these are identifiable in most empirical markets, these three ideal types provide analytic tools for students of real markets and marketplaces. After going through this comprehensive literature, it is argued that mutual adjustment, which refers to non-planned processes, is affinity with markets in which products are differentiated, for example, producer markets. Organization refers to process driven by attempts to decide for others and shows affinity with markets for standardized and homogenous products, for example, stock exchanges. Organization also accounts for the making of marketplaces. The broader notion of fields does not refer to any specific process, but accounts for the context of market fashioning and its respective power struggles.
Pregnancy and Cancer: the INCIP Project
Authors:   for the International Network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP), Maggen Charlotte , Wolters Vera E. R. A. , Cardonick Elyce , Fumagalli Monica , Halaska Michael J. , Lok Christianne A. R. , de Haan Jorine , Van Tornout Katrien , Van Calsteren Kristel , Amant Frédéric
Published: February 2020

Purpose of Review

Cancer diagnosis in young pregnant women challenges oncological decision-making. The International Network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP) aims to build on clinical recommendations based on worldwide collaborative research.

Recent Findings

A pregnancy may complicate diagnostic and therapeutic oncological options, as the unborn child must be protected from potentially hazardous exposures. Pregnant patients should as much as possible be treated as non-pregnant patients, in order to preserve maternal prognosis. Some approaches need adaptations when compared with standard treatment for fetal reasons. Depending on the gestational age, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are possible during pregnancy. A multidisciplinary approach is the best guarantee for experience-driven decisions. A setting with a high-risk obstetrical unit is strongly advised to safeguard fetal growth and health. Research wise, the INCIP invests in clinical follow-up of children, as cardiac function, neurodevelopment, cancer occurrence, and fertility theoretically may be affected. Furthermore, parental psychological coping strategies, (epi)genetic alterations, and pathophysiological placental changes secondary to cancer (treatment) are topics of ongoing research.

Further international research is needed to provide patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy with the best individualized management plan to optimize obstetrical and oncological care.
AML—is it time to drive a CAR(-T)?
Authors: Rudzki Jakob D. , Wolf Dominik
Published: February 2020

The treatment options for newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have substantially improved over the last 5 years. However, even though novel targeted agents (e.g. venetoclax, IDH1/2 and novel FLT-3 inhibitors; cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 and fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor) and improved chemotherapeutics (e.g. CPX-351; liposomale Daunorubicin/Cytarabine) are entering clinics, physicians are still confronted with high relapse and treatment failure rates. Thus, novel new strategies are required to improve AML therapy. Application of genetically engineered T cells (i.e. chimeric antigen receptor T cells, CAR-T cells) has proven to be highly effective in B cell-derived neoplasia and early data suggest also a high potential in the treatment of AML. This short review highlights the current approaches but also limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in AML precluding their current routine clinical use. Among a plethora of problems to be overcome, a critical issue will be to find relatively selective actionable targets in AML.
Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 micro/nano piezoelectric structures
Authors: Cheng Li-Qian , Feng Mei , Sun Yiwen , Zhou Zhen , Xu Ze
Published: February 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) lead-free (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) micro/nano structures with controllable K/Na ratio were successfully fabricated via a two-step molten salt synthesis (MSS). In this work, the reaction factors, including the proportion of molten salts, the types of carbonates, the sintering temperature, and the sintering time, were discussed in detail and the optimized condition was identified. The microstructure of KNN was confirmed by confocal Raman spectroscopy, while piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was applied to measure three-dimensional (3D) morphology and piezoelectric properties of KNN particles. The as-synthesized KNN platelets apparently possess anisotropic morphology and uniform structure, the size of which reaches 5–20 µm in length/width and 0.5–1 µm in thickness. It should be noted that the K/Na ratios of the KNN crystals are basically consistent while the proportion of salts changes within a certain range. The enrichment of Na element in the products is also observed, which owes to the smaller ionic radius of Na+ comparing to that of K+. This result provides a reference for the further preparation of textured ceramics and flexible piezoelectric generators.
Mixed-conducting ceramic-carbonate membranes exhibiting high CO2/O2 permeation flux and stability at high temperatures
Authors: Ortega-Lugo R. , Fabián-Anguiano J. A. , Ovalle-Encinia O. , Gómez-Yánez C. , Zeifert B. H. , Ortiz-Landeros J.
Published: February 2020

This investigation demonstrates the feasibility to fabricate high quality ceramic-carbonate membranes based on mixed-conducting ceramics. Specifically, it is reported the simultaneous CO2/O2 permeation and stability properties of membranes constituted by a combination of ceramic and carbonate phases, wherein the microstructure of the ceramic part is composed, in turn, of a mixture of fluorite and perovskite phases. These ceramics showed ionic and electronic conduction, and at the operation temperature, the carbonate phase of the membranes is in liquid state, which allows the transport of $$\rm{CO}_3^{2-}$$CO32− and O2− species via different mechanisms. To fabricate the membranes, the ceramic powders were uniaxially pressed in a disk shape. Then, an incipient sintering treatment was carried out in such a way that a highly porous ceramic was obtained. Afterwards, the piece is densified by the infiltration of molten carbonate. Characterization of the membranes was accomplished by SEM, XRD, and gas permeation techniques among others. Thermal and chemical stability under an atmosphere rich in CO2 was evaluated. CO2/O2 permeation and long-term stability measurements were conducted between 850 and 940 °C.

The best permeation-separation performance of membranes of about 1 mm thickness, showed a maximum permeance flux of about 4.46×10−7 mol·m−2·s−2·Pa−1 for CO2 and 2.18×10−7 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1 for O2 at 940 °C. Membranes exhibited separation factor values of 150–991 and 49–511 for CO2/N2 and O2/N2 respectively in the studied temperature range. Despite long-term stability test showed certain microstructural changes in the membranes, no significant detriment on the permeation properties was observed along 100 h of continuous operation.
Distribution, modes of occurrence, and main factors influencing lead enrichment in Chinese coals
Authors: Lin Kunqi , Huang Wenhui , Finkelman Robert B. , Chen Jing , Yi Shuo , Cui Xiaonan , Wang Yuanzheng
Published: February 2020

Lead is a potentially harmful element that has caused serious environmental pollution during its mining and use along with serious human health problems. This study assessed lead in Chinese coals based on published literature, with a particular focus on data reported since 2004. The analysis included 9447 individual samples from 103 coalfields or mines in 28 provinces in China. The arithmetic mean content of lead in the studied coals was 15.0 μg/g. Considering the coal reserves, the weighted-average lead concentration in Chinese coals was calculated to be 19.6 μg/g. Lead was significantly enriched in the coals from Henan Province and enriched in the coals from the Tibet Autonomous Region. The coals from Tibet–Western Yunnan and the southern areas of China had elevated lead concentrations. Sulfides are the primary hosts of lead in Chinese coals, although other hosts include silicates, organic matter, carbonates, and other minerals. Source rocks in the sediment-source region and marine environments may be the most significant factors contributing to lead enrichment in Chinese coals. Hydrothermal fluids and peat-forming plants also contribute to lead enrichment in some Chinese coals.