bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Hukum Internasional dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut China Selatan: Analisis dengan Pendekatan Doktrinal
Authors: Soeparan Poppy Fitrijanti , Kossay Methodius
Published: December 2024

The South China Sea is a strategic region of global significance, both economically and geopolitically. It serves as a major global trade route, with over 30% of global trade passing through it annually. Additionally, the South China Sea is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, and abundant marine products. However, overlapping territorial claims among countries such as China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia have triggered prolonged geopolitical tensions. This study aims to analyze the role of international law, particularly UNCLOS 1982, as the primary framework for resolving these disputes. Using a doctrinal approach, the study examines primary legal documents, such as UNCLOS 1982, the 2016 Arbitration Award, and ASEAN agreements. Data shows an average of 15 annual conflicts in the South China Sea over the past decade, with a significant increase from 5 cases in 2014 to 25 cases in 2023. While UNCLOS 1982 provides a clear legal framework, non-compliance with arbitration rulings, such as China's refusal to adhere to the 2016 ruling, highlights weaknesses in enforcement mechanisms and sanctions. This study emphasizes that multilateral approaches based on international law, supported by regional mechanisms like ASEAN, have yet to achieve full effectiveness. The findings offer strategic recommendations, including reforming international sanction mechanisms and strengthening ASEAN frameworks to support conflict resolution and ensure sustainable stability in the region
Analisis Yuridis tentang Perlindungan Konsumen pada E-Commerce di Indonesia: Pendekatan Yuridis-Normatif
Authors: Yulianingsih Sri , Putra Rengga Kusuma
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the juridical analysis of consumer protection in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia, considering the sector's rapid growth, which reached a total transaction value of IDR 631 trillion in 2023. On the other hand, consumer complaints have continued to rise, involving issues such as fraud, defective products, and data privacy violations. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations, such as Law No. 8 of 1999 and its supporting regulations, in protecting consumer rights. Using a normative-juridical approach, the study examines the legal substance, implementation, and gaps between national regulations and international standards like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The findings indicate that although national regulations provide basic protections, their effectiveness is considered low, particularly in the aspect of personal data protection, which only achieves 40% effectiveness, significantly lagging the GDPR at 95%. Additionally, inefficient complaint mechanisms and weak coordination among government agencies are major obstacles to resolving consumer disputes. Low digital literacy among consumers further exacerbates the ineffectiveness of the protection provided by existing regulations. The study concludes that national regulations require significant reform to be more adaptive to digital challenges. Policy recommendations include adopting GDPR principles, strengthening government oversight, and enhancing consumer education. This study's contribution is expected to strengthen a safe, transparent, and equitable e-commerce ecosystem in Indonesia while boosting consumer trust in online transactions.
PERANCANGAN PEMESANAN AIR BERSIH ATAU AIR GUNUNG BERBASIS WEBSITE
Authors: Irene Adriana Putri Andini  , Ahmad Nugroho
Published: December 2024

Di tengah-tengah pengguna teknologi di Indonesia, masih banyak bidang usaha yang belum memaksimalkan kemajuan teknologi untuk usahanya, salah satunya adalah usaha depot air bersih Berkah Dalem yang terletak di Mijen, Kebonagung, Jawa Tengah. Pada permasalahan yang ada pada penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa sistem penerimaan pesanan pada depot air bersih Berkah Dalem masih menggunakan cara manual yang kurang efektif dan efisien. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang sistem pemesanan air bersih berbasis website dan membuat data informasi penjualan dan pemesanan yang dapat diakses dengan mudah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak dengan menggunakan XAMPP. Hasil yang dicapai adalah perancangan sistem pemesanan berbasis website telah melewati uji kelayakan penggunaan sistem dengan data bahwa semua pengujian status diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem yang dirancang berhasil dan dapat diaplikasikan pada usaha depot air bersih.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROMOSI TERHADAP MINAT KULIAH PADA UNIVERSITAS ICHSAN GORONTALO
Authors: Cahya Pradipta Abdussamad  , Risti Puspita Sari Hunowu  , Fitrah Jayanti meiliany Mbuinga
Published: December 2024

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan  Untuk Menganalisis Dampak Promosi Terhadap Minat Kuliah Di Universitas Ichsan Gorontalo. Ketika Persaingan Dalam Pendidikan Tinggi Terus Meningkat, Strategi Dukungan Yang Efektif Adalah Kunci Untuk Menarik Calon Mahasiswa. Metode Yang Digunakan Dalam Penelitian Ini Adalah Survei  Kuesioner Yang Dibagikan Kepada Mahasiswa Baru Yang Masuk Universitas Ich San Gorontalo. Data Yang Diperoleh Dianalisis Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Analisis Regresi Sederhana Dan Uji Statistik Untuk Mengetahui Hubungan  Variabel Promosi Dengan Minat Kuliah . Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Bahwa Promosi UIG Yang Dilakukan Melalui Media Sosial Sangat Efektif Dalam Menarik Perhatian Calon Mahasiswa. Media Yang Paling Banyak Digunakan Adalah Instagram Dan Brosur/Brosur Yang Terbukti Lebih Efektif Dibandingkan Platform Lainnya.Namun Demikian, Perlu Adanya Peningkatan Efektivitas Periklanan Terutama Yang Berkaitan Dengan Relevansi Informasi Yang Disampaikan.  UIG Dapat Meningkatkan Minat Pelamar Secara Signifikan Dengan Meningkatkan Konten Iklan Agar  Sesuai Dengan Kebutuhan Calon Mahasiswa.
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN SEMBAKO BERBASIS WEB PADA TOKO TRI KARYA
Authors: Ignatius Marcheivan Sunjaya  , Ahmad Nugroho
Published: December 2024

Penting bagi berbagai kalangan, terutama dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang tepat melalui pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Dalam dunia bisnis, sistem yang efisien dapat memberikan informasi secara real-time, sehingga mempermudah proses operasional. Namun, pada Toko Tri Karya, proses penjualan sembako masih dilakukan secara manual, mulai dari penginputan data penjualan hingga pembuatan laporan. Hal ini menyebabkan berbagai kendala, seperti keterlambatan dalam pengolahan data dan kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas dalam pengelolaan data. Sistem ini akan dirancang dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP, yang akan memberikan kemudahan bagi admin dalam mengelola informasi penjualan. Diharapkan dengan adanya penerapan sistem yang terkomputerisasi ini, Toko Tri Karya dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang ada dan mencapai hasil yang lebih optimal.
Perancangan Sistem Lost & Found di Universitas Nasional Karangturi Berbasis Web
Authors: Aurelio Akeno Adiwijaya  , Ahmad Nugroho
Published: December 2024

Pelaporan kehilangan dan penemuan barang di Unkartur masih dilakukan secara konvensional. Warga kampus biasanya melapor kepada pihak keamanan mengenai kehilangan yang mereka alami. Namun, proses pelaporan dan pencarian barang yang hilang tersebut membutuhkan banyak waktu, tenaga, dan biaya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah sistem pelaporan barang hilang dan barang temuan khususnya di lingkungan kampus Unkartur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Unified Modelling Language (UML) dan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). Sistem ini berguna dalam mengelola data barang hilang dan barang temuan agar lebih terstruktur dan efisien. Hasil dari perancangan sistem Lost & Found ini dapat menjadi solusi dalam proses pencarian barang hilang dan pengembalian barang temuan di lingkungan kampus Unkartur.
Analisis Arca Dewi Parwati Menggunakan Teori Bahasa Rupa
Authors: Dwi Jaya Arisyana  , Apsari Dj. Hasan
Published: December 2024

Analisis ini menggunakan Cara Wimba dan Tata Ungkapan bahasa rupa untuk menelaah bahasa rupa arca Dewi Parwati. Menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan latar sejarah untuk mendapatkan gambaran penciptaan yang sesuai masa pembuatannya. Ditinjau dari pendekatan bahasa rupa, maka mengenai arca Dewi Parwati diperoleh beberapa hal yang umum sifatnya, yaitu : (1) Segi ikonografi : mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan keseluruhan unsur arca Dewi Parwati; (2) Segi sejarah: Arca Dewi Parwati ditemukan pada abad ke 14. Lokasi awal penemuan yaitu di Situs BHRE Kahuripan Desa Panggih, Kecamatan Trowulan, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. (3) Segi bahasa Rupa: Dilihat dari gabungan cara penggambaran naturalis-stilasi menggunakan cara dekoratif. Model analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisisi model interaktif yang dilakukan dengan cara pengumpulan data, reduksi data, sajian data, dan menarik simpulan/verifikasi data. Kajian isi wimba menunjukkan adanya beragam jenis perhiasaan yang digambarkan pada arca Dewi Parwati sebagai pendukung identitas arca.
Kata Kunci: Bahasa Rupa, Arca dewi Parwati, Ikonografi, Wimba dan Tata Ungkapan, Metode Deskriptif Kualitatif
PERANCANGAN MERCHANDISE UNTUK ANNIVERSARY BIS MANIA COMMUNITY KE-12
Authors: Wiguna Debio Pararta , Aris Kurnia Wicaksono  , Eka Wahyu Primadani  , Naufal Labib
Published: December 2024

Bis Mania Community merupakan komunitas pecinta bis khususnya coordinator wilayah di Surabaya yang berdiri sejak tahun 2012. Pada tahun 2024 ini tepatnya tanggal 10 November 2024, Bis Mania Community mengadakan Anniversarynya ke-12 di Tulungagung. Dalam merayakan Anniversary yang ke-12 ini tidak hanya mengagendakan Family Gathering dan kunjungan garasi saja, tetapi Bis Mania Community ini juga menjual berbagai macam Merchandise sebagai media untuk menampilkan identitas. Macam-macam merchandise yang akan dibuat salah satunya berupa T-Shirt. Merchandise yang ditawarkan oleh brand atau komunitas berupa T-Shirt saat ini memiliki nilai dan daya tarik bagi komunitas itu sendiri. Merchandise sendiri adalah cenderamata yang sering kali dijumpai masyarakat sebagai wadah atau sarana dalam bentuk promosi suatu produk ataupun Brand. Merchandise sendiri dibuat dengan berbagai macam bentuk atau barang yang biasa digunakan sehari-hari seperti T-Shirt, Tumbler, Totebag, gantungan kunci, dan lain – lain. Merancang suatu Merchandise memerlukan riset dan desain ilustrasi yang tepat sehingga bisa menarik minat pembeli untuk memiliki merchandise tersebut. Dalam melakukan perancangan untuk Merchandise Anniversary Bis Mania Community dengan tema liburan ke Pantai menampilkan Object Bis, Karakter Sura dan Baya, dan Pantai Gema sebagai tujuan destinasi yang dipilih Bis Mania Community. Oleh karena itu penggunaan merchandise bisa menjadi cenderamata yang tepat, berkesan, dan sebagai media promosi serta identitas dari Bis Mania Community.
Sampling the diurnal and annual cycles of the Earth's energy imbalance with constellations of satellite-borne radiometers
Authors: Hocking Thomas , Mauritsen Thorsten , Megner Linda
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The Earth's energy imbalance, i.e. the difference between incoming solar radiation and outgoing reflected and emitted radiation, is the one quantity that ultimately controls the evolution of our climate system. However, despite its importance, there is limited knowledge of the exact magnitude of the energy imbalance, and the small net difference of about 1 W m−2 between two large fluxes (approximately 340 W m−2) makes it challenging to measure directly. There has recently been renewed interest in using wide-field-of-view radiometers on board satellites to measure the outgoing radiation, as a possible method for deducing the global annual mean energy imbalance. Here we investigate how to sample in order to correctly determine the global annual mean imbalance and interannual trends, using a limited number of satellites. We simulate satellites in polar (90° inclination), sun-synchronous (98°) and precessing orbits (73, 82°), as well as constellations of these types of satellite orbits. We find that no single satellite provides sufficient sampling, both globally and of the diurnal and annual cycles, to reliably determine the global annual mean. If sun-synchronous satellites are used, at least six satellites are required for an uncertainty below 1 W m−2. One precessing satellite combined with one polar satellite results in root-mean-square errors of 0.08 to 0.10 W m−2, and a combination of two or three polar satellites results in root-mean-square errors of 0.10 or 0.04 W m−2, respectively. In conclusion, at least two satellites that complement each other are necessary to ensure global coverage and achieve a sampling uncertainty well below the current estimate of the energy imbalance.
Global tropical cyclone size and intensity reconstruction dataset for 1959–2022 based on IBTrACS and ERA5 data
Authors: Xu Zhiqi , Guo Jianping , Zhang Guwei , Ye Yuchen , Zhao Haikun , Chen Haishan
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are powerful weather systems that can cause extreme disasters. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) dataset provides widely used data to estimate TC climatology. However, it has low data coverage, lacking intensity and outer-size data for more than half of all recorded storms, and is therefore insufficient as a reference for researchers and decision makers. To fill this data gap, we reconstruct a long-term TC dataset by integrating IBTrACS and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) data. This reconstructed dataset covers the period 1959–2022, with 3 h temporal resolution. Compared to the IBTrACS dataset, it contains approximately 3–4 times more data points per characteristic. We establish machine learning models to estimate the maximum sustained wind speed (Vmax) and radius of maximum wind (Rmax) in six basins for which TCs are generated, using ERA5-derived 10 m azimuthal mean azimuthal wind profiles as input, with Vmax and Rmax data from the IBTrACS dataset used as learning target data. Furthermore, we employ an empirical wind–pressure relationship and six wind profile models to estimate the minimum central pressure (Pmin) and outer size of the TCs, respectively. Overall, this high-resolution TC reconstruction dataset demonstrates global consistency with observations, exhibiting mean biases of <1 % for Vmax and 3 % for Rmax and Pmin in almost all basins. The dataset is publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13919874 (Xu et al., 2024) and substantially advances our understanding of TC climatology, thereby facilitating risk assessments and defenses against TC-related disasters.
Development of level 2 aerosol and surface products from cross-track scanning polarimeter POSP onboard GF-5(02) satellite
Authors: Chen Cheng , Lei Xuefeng , Liu Zhenhai , Gu Haorang , Dubovik Oleg , Litvinov Pavel , Fuertes David , Cao Yujia , Yu Haixiao , Xiang Guangfeng , Meng Binghuan , Qiu Zhenwei , Sun Xiaobing , Hong Jin , Li Zhengqiang
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Development of long-term continues, consistent and high-quality satellite remote sensing aerosol and surface products is crucial to constrain climate models and improve our understanding on climate change. Particulate Observing Scanning Polarization (POSP) is the first space-borne multi-spectral (UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR) cross-track scanning polarimeter dedicated to complement Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) multi-angular polarimetric measurements and perform synergetic observations namely the Polarization Cross-Fire suite (PCF) onboard Chinese Gaofen series GF-5(02) satellite. The POSP unique single-viewing spectral (UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR) high-precision polarimetric measurements provide rich information for atmospheric aerosol and surface characterization. Here we developed aerosol and surface products from POSP/GF-5(02) based on the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP)/Models approach. The detailed retrieval approach and processing scheme are provided. The baseline level 2 product was generated for the first 18 months POSP measurements from December 2021 to May 2023 and publicly available and registered at doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.14748. The obtained POSP/GF-5(02) aerosol and surface products are validated and intercompared with ground-based AERONET reference aerosol dataset and other independent satellite products, such as NOAA-20 VIIRS/DB aerosol product and MODIS MCD43 surface product. The results show generally good consistency of POSP products with AERONET, VIIRS/NOAA-20 aerosol dataset and MODIS surface product. Moreover, it is possible to conclude the developed POSP product includes reliable estimates of not only total Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), but also detailed properties of aerosol such as aerosol size, absorption, layer height, type, etc., as well as full surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), Bidirectional Polarization Distribution Function (BPDF), and black-sky, white-sky albedos and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). These parameters are of high importance to constrain the Earth-atmosphere radiation budget. The retrieval of these properties seems to be possible due to the polarimetric capabilities and wide UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectral range of from POSP observations and advances of used GRASP/Models retrieval approach. Finally, some potential improvements for POSP level 1 to level 2 processing chain are identified, and limitations and lessons learned are discussed.
Enhancing generalizability of data-driven urban flood models by incorporating contextual information
Authors: Cache Tabea , Gomez Milton Salvador , Beucler Tom , Blagojevic Jovan , Leitao João Paulo , Peleg Nadav
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Fast urban pluvial flood models are necessary for a range of applications, such as near real-time flood nowcasting or processing large rainfall ensembles for uncertainty analysis. Data-driven models can help overcome the long computational time of traditional flood simulation models, and the state-of-the-art models have shown promising accuracy. Yet the lack of generalizability of data-driven urban pluvial flood models to both unseen rainfall and distinctively different terrain, at the fine resolution required for urban flood mapping, still limits their application. These models usually adopt a patch-based framework to overcome multiple bottlenecks, such as data availability and computational and memory constraints. However, this approach does not incorporate contextual information of the terrain surrounding the small image patch (typically 256 m×256 m). We propose a new deep-learning model that maintains the high-resolution information of the local patch and incorporates a larger surrounding area to increase the visual field of the model with the aim of enhancing the generalizability of data-driven urban pluvial flood models. We trained and tested the model in the city of Zurich (Switzerland), at a spatial resolution of 1 m, for 1 h rainfall events at 5 min temporal resolution. We demonstrate that our model can faithfully represent flood depths for a wide range of rainfall events, with peak rainfall intensities ranging from 42.5 to 161.4 mm h−1. Then, we assessed the model's terrain generalizability in distinct urban settings, namely, Lucerne (Switzerland) and Singapore. The model accurately identifies locations of water accumulation, which constitutes an improvement compared to other deep-learning models. Using transfer learning, the model was successfully retrained in the new cities, requiring only a single rainfall event to adapt the model to new terrains while preserving adaptability across diverse rainfall conditions. Our results indicate that by incorporating contextual terrain information into the local patches, our proposed model effectively simulates high-resolution urban pluvial flood maps, demonstrating applicability across varied terrains and rainfall events.
Cartographic communication: Text variables on maps
Authors: Aitken Geoff
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Our focus in cartography is on communication, usually in a geo-related context. Text plays a major part in the effectiveness of this communication: adding names identifying features, and information on themes. Graphic templates are easy to design on simple backgrounds; but design becomes more difficult on the visually complex backgrounds of mountain topography. A wealth of digital fonts is now available, many with more variables than are practical for mapping, and some with distracting characteristics. Jacques Bertin’s visual variables (2010) aid font selection by providing a framework for integrated design. It is hoped that this paper will stimulate critical appraisal of our work, personal experiment, and discussion to further improve cartographic communication.
Salt River from Summit to Seafloor: A Study of Shaded Relief Techniques for Coastal Environments
Authors: Carpenter Margot Dale
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Maps often rely on a stroke to delineate hydrological features. However, at large scales, these boundaries are usually a series of dynamic transitions across terrestrial and aquatic environments, particularly when considering wetlands. Borrowing classic mountain cartography techniques, this paper presents workflows to create a large-scale map of the coastal topography at Salt River, St. Croix, USVI, from summit to seafloor. I include lessons learned from working with disparate datasets, descriptions of customized illuminated shaded relief techniques, and a new way to represent mangroves.
Characterizing ground ice content and origin to better understand the seasonal surface dynamics of the Gruben rock glacier and the adjacent Gruben debris-covered glacier (southern Swiss Alps)
Authors: Wee Julie , Vivero Sebastián , Mathys Tamara , Mollaret Coline , Hauck Christian , Lambiel Christophe , Beutel Jan , Haeberli Wilfried
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Over the recent years, there have been focused international efforts to coordinate the development and compilation of rock glacier inventories. Nevertheless, in some contexts, identifying and characterizing rock glaciers can be challenging as complex conditions and interactions, such as glacier–rock-glacier interactions, can yield landforms or landform assemblages that are beyond a straightforward interpretation and classification through ordinary visual means alone. To gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal complexity of the ongoing processes where glacier–permafrost interactions have occurred, the characterization of the subsurface of the Gruben rock glacier and its adjacent complex contact zone with the then more extended Little Ice Age Gruben glacier is quantitatively assessed using a petrophysical joint inversion (PJI) scheme, based on electrical resistivity (ERT) and refraction seismic (RST) data. Surface dynamics are assessed using both in situ and close-range remote sensing techniques to monitor daily and seasonal displacements and to monitor landform-wide surface changes at high spatial resolution, respectively. Both the geophysical and geodetic surveys allowed two zones to be identified: the rock glacier zone and the complex contact zone where both permafrost and embedded surface ice are present. In the complex contact zone extremely high ice contents (estimated up to 85 %) were found. Widespread supersaturated permafrost conditions were found in the rock glacier zone. Surface displacement rates in this zone are typical of permafrost creep behaviour, with a gradual acceleration in late spring and a gradual deceleration in winter. Moreover, the coherent nature of the rock glacier zone surface deformation contrasts with the back-creeping and slightly chaotic surface deformation of the complex contact zone. Favouring a multi-method approach allowed a detailed representation of the spatial distribution of ground ice content and origin, which enabled us to discriminate glacial from periglacial processes as their spatio-temporal patterns of surface change and geophysical signatures are (mostly) different.
Distributed surface mass balance of an avalanche-fed glacier
Authors: Kneib Marin , Dehecq Amaury , Gilbert Adrien , Basset Auguste , Miles Evan S. , Jouvet Guillaume , Jourdain Bruno , Ducasse Etienne , Beraud Luc , Rabatel Antoine , Mouginot Jérémie , Carcanade Guillem , Laarman Olivier , Brun Fanny , Six Delphine
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Local snow redistribution processes such as avalanches can considerably impact the spatial variability of accumulation on glaciers. However, this spatial variability is difficult to quantify with traditional surface mass balance measurements or geodetic observations. Here, we leverage high-quality and high-resolution surface velocity and elevation change maps for the period 2012–2021 from Pléiades stereo images and ice thickness measurements of Argentière Glacier (France) to invert for its distributed surface mass balance. Three inversions are conducted using three different ice thickness modelling approaches, two of which are constrained by observations. The inversions all show very good agreement between inverted surface mass balance and in situ measurements (RMSE between 0.50 and 0.96 mw.e.yr-1 for the 11-year average). The detected spatial variability in surface mass balance is consistent between the modelling approaches and much higher than what is predicted from an enhanced-temperature-index model calibrated with measurements from a dense network of stakes. In particular, we find high accumulation rates at the base of steep headwalls on the left-hand side of the glacier, likely related to avalanche deposits at these locations. We calculate distributed precipitation correction factors to reconcile the outputs from the enhanced-temperature-index model with the inverted surface mass balance data. These correction factors agree with the outputs of a parametrisation of snow redistribution by avalanching, indicating an additional 60 % mass input relative to the accumulation from solid precipitation at these specific locations, which was equivalent to an additional 20 % mass accumulation at the scale of Argentière Glacier without its two smaller tributaries. Using these correction factors in a forward-modelling exercise, we show that explicitly accounting for avalanches leads to twice more ice being conserved in the Argentière catchment by 2100 in an RCP 4.5 climate scenario and to a considerably different ice thickness distribution. Our results highlight the need to better account for such spatially variable accumulation processes in glacio-hydrological models.
Impact assessment of snow thickness, sea ice density and water density in CryoSat-2-derived sea ice thickness
Authors: Sievers Imke , Skourup Henriette , Rasmussen Till A. S.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Sea ice thickness is an essential climate variable, which is often derived from satellite altimetry freeboard estimates, e.g., by CryoSat-2. In order to convert freeboard to sea ice thickness, assumptions are needed for snow thickness, snow density, sea ice density and water density. These parameters are difficult to observe when co-located in time and space with the satellite-derived freeboard measurements. For this reason, most available CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness products rely on climatologies based on outdated observations and empirical values. Model- and observation-based alternatives to sea ice density and snow thickness values have been suggested in recent years, but their combined influence on the freeboard to sea ice thickness conversion has not been analyzed. This study evaluates model-based spatially varying snow thickness, sea ice density and water density with in situ observations and the associated parameters used in the classical CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness production. The observations used for the comparison are a snow thickness product from Ku- and Ka-band radar, sea ice density observations from airborne campaigns and ice core measurements as well as water density from a large variety of observation platforms included in the World Ocean Atlas. Furthermore, this study calculates the mean sea ice thickness differences resulting from substituting the parameters used in a classical CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness product with model-based values. The evaluation shows that the model-derived snow thickness, sea ice density and water density compare better to observations than the associated parameters used in the CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness product. The parameters were compared to the weekly CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness (SIT) product from the Alfred Wegener Institute, which uses similar values for snow thickness, sea ice density and water density to other available CryoSat-2 SIT products. Furthermore, we find that the model-based snow thickness and sea ice density separately lead to the largest sea ice thickness differences but that, to some extent, their differences cancel out when both parameters are used in combination. For the water density, we find the average and maximum sea ice thickness difference to be small in comparison to the sea ice thickness differences introduced by the snow thickness and sea ice density, but this is not negligible, as currently stated in most studies. We find that the origin of the assumption that water density is negligible in the freeboard to sea ice thickness conversion originates from a study investigating the seasonal Arctic sea ice density variability, not taking into account the spacial variability. Based on our findings, we recommend using either a water density climatology or an uncertainty value of 2.6 kg m−3 instead of the commonly used value of 0 to 0.5 kg m−3 in CryoSat-2 freeboard to sea ice thickness conversion.
“What does ‘Independence’ mean?”: The African Transcreator and the Configuration of the Nation-Space in Ama Ata Aidoo’s No Sweetness Here
Authors: Pujolràs-Noguer Esther
Published: December 2024

Published in 1970, the stories that give shape to No Sweetness Here encompass the historical period that goes from Ghana’s independence under the leadership of Nkwame Nkrumah in 1957 until the coup d’état that marked the demise of the man himself in 1966. Aidoo’s dissection of Ghana’s national past is to be inserted as part of the “writing-the-nation” project (Bhabha, 1990) whereby postcolonial authors, following Anderson’s precept, imagine their heterogeneous, ambivalent and strangely modern communities (Anderson, 1983). However, Aidoo’s particular national narration is decidedly subversive in both its gendered approach and its generic deviation. This article proposes a reading of No Sweetness Here as an African fefewo, a whole dramatic performance, which Aidoo translates into English against the backdrop of a clearly feminist agenda. Hence, the African transcreation that ensues restores the original African writing to the literary palimpsest of what appear to be eleven discrete short stories.
Escenografías lúdicas compartidas en la primera infancia: participación y formación de las familias
Authors: Gómez-Pintado Ainhoa , Vizcarra María Teresa , Lasarte Gema , Gamito Rakel
Published: December 2024

Cuando la relación familia-escuela se basa en el diálogo y la implicación colaborativa, esta favorece el aprendizaje integral de toda la comunidad educativa. Este trabajo analiza la participación y formación de las familias a través de las Escenografías Lúdicas desarrolladas por Teatro Paraíso en las Escuelas Infantiles Municipales de Vitoria-Gasteiz; unas propuestas que, partiendo de la idea originaría de las Instalaciones de Juego de Ruíz de Velasco y Abad, derivan hacia la dramatización y la experimentación artística. Se trata de un estudio de caso en el que, a través de 3 grupos focales, se ha pretendido describir las percepciones que las familias poseen sobre estas vivencias que han compartido con sus hijos e hijas a fin de entender las posibilidades y el proceso de este aprendizaje conjunto. Las familias concluyen diciendo que perciben que su labor es de acompañamiento, tanto en lo educativo como en la socialización en la primera infancia, y que acompañar requiere de una formación que se fomenta gracias a experiencias innovadoras como estas. Experiencias que provocan aprendizajes transformadores realizados en comunidad que les acercan más a sus hijos e hijas y a su integración en el modelo de Ciudad Educadora, ayudando, por ende, en su desarrollo.
Performing the Opportunity Space of Therapeutic Art Education for Autistic Children
Authors: Sampurno Muchammad Bayu Tejo , Rizal Djahwasi Herry , Alfarisi Salman , Anggun  Camelia Ika
Published: December 2024

This research aims to explore expressive art approaches to enhance communication in autistic children in opportunity space settings. The study discusses the process of therapeutic exploration in an online-based practice and how the space setting plays a significant role in this process. The research methodology involves a mixed-method approach, including case studies conducted at TT-ArtCourse in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and a questionnaire to determine parents' responses to the influence of the spatial setting. The study shows that online treatment has initial challenges in adaptation time for parents, teachers, and autistic children. The main obstacle is the lack of intimacy, which is crucial in offline interactions. However, in the end, parents can see the effectiveness of the online mode, allowing them to set up their treatment room according to their child's wishes. The study also found that the communication processes in the online-based opportunity space therapeutic ecosystem are similar to offline schools.
Structural violence and artistic education in Colombia. Arts and an emancipatory path towards peace
Authors: Barrera Pérez Daniel J.
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates how artistic education (AE) in Colombia, often marginalized in public schools, can both reinforce and challenge social inequalities. Through the lens of structural violence, this research explores the emancipatory potential of the AE class, questioning how it might become a space for promoting social justice and peace. The main objectives of the article were to identify a relationship between the arts, AE, and structural violence in Colombia, and to explore the idea that a quality AE class is necessary for everyone, transformative, and ideal for encouraging peacebuilding. The focus group methodology was used to gather insights from six participants with close relationships with arts and AE. The focus group transcription was then analyzed using thematic analysis. In the findings, two key concepts emerged: the Comprehensive Notion of Arts (CNA) and the Limited Notion of Arts (LNA); these contrasting views reflect broader societal attitudes toward art. It is concluded that poor or absent AE is a violent phenomenon because it reduces people’s scope of possibilities and tools to imagine and build a different, less violent future, limiting Colombian society’s capacity to transform its conflict.
КЫРГЫЗДАРДЫН НАНГА КАРАТА МАМИЛЕСИНИН МАКАЛДАРДА БЕРИЛИШИ
Authors: Тиленова Гүлназ , Мурзакметов Абдымиталип
Published: December 2024

Илгертен эле нан бардык тамактардын ичинен эң кадырлуусу болуп келген. Буудайдан, арпадан, жүгөрүдөн же күрүчтөн жасалгандыгына карабай, ал адамдардын күн сайын пайдаланчу негизги азыгы саналган. Ошол себептүү ага байланышкан макалдарды, жомокторду, табышмактарды, ырларды, ырым-жырымдарды, ишенимдерди дээрлик бардык элдердин фольклорунан учуратууга болот. Макалада кыргыздардын нанга болгон мамилеси макалдардын мисалында ачып берилет.
Impact of Technology-Driven Start-ups in Empowerment of Youth in India: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Abrar Hussain
Published: December 2024

Technology-driven start-ups have appeared as transformative agents, significantly contributing to the empowerment of youth. There is an important part of these start-ups in the innovative sectors like artificial intelligence, fintech, and renewable energy where they are enhancing employment opportunities by generating diverse jobs for youths. Skill-based hiring is prioritised in these start-ups which fosters the economy, offers flexibility and global exposure. “Hands-on learning, access to cutting-edge technologies, and cross-disciplinary collaboration, equipping youth with future-ready capabilities” are skill development drives promoted in these ventures. Technology-driven start-ups empower youth by nurturing culture of innovation, self-reliance, and adaptability which leads to economic and societal transformation, shapes a future-ready workforce and address critical global challenges. Start-ups nurtures entrepreneurship among young population where they provide digital platforms, funding opportunities, and access to mentorship and global networks. They inspire innovation and encourage the entrepreneurial attitude needed to deal with current challenges. A sample of 219 young entrepreneurs from different entrepreneurial sectors were surveyed to explore the factors that shows the Impact of Technology-Driven Start-ups in Empowerment of Youth and found that job creation, skill enhancement, entrepreneurship, and digital inclusion are the factors that shows the Impact of Technology-Driven Start-ups in Empowerment of Youth.
Ծխախոտատուփը որպես ընծա և անձի սոցիալական ցուցիչ
Authors: Ասատրյան Կարեն
Published: December 2024

Ծխախոտատուփը նոր և նորագույն ժամանակաշրջանների այն կիրառական պարագաներից էր, որ կենցաղային առարկա լինելուց զատ, յուրահատուկ վերաբերմունքի էր արժանանում հասարակական կյանքում և քաղաքական-դիվանագիտական հարթակներում։
The tobacco box was one of the practical accessories of the new and modern periods, which, in addition to being a household object, received special treatment in public life and on political and diplomatic platforms.
Табакерка была одним из практичных аксессуаров нового и современного периодов, который, помимо того, что был предметом домашнего обихода, получил особое отношение в общественной жизни и политико-дипломатических платформах.
Treatment with Osteo Sclerosing Agent (Polydochonol) for Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: Experience of West- Southern Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Kamruzzaman Md. , Imran Md. , Islam Md. Nazrul , Mostafa Bayzid , Sultana Sayera
Published: December 2024

Background: The ideal treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) stays dubious. Surgery has for quite some time been considered as the treatment that yields the best results. A few authors presently are showing interest toward involving less intrusive options as the essential treatment. The aim of this study was to determine if treatments that are less invasive than surgery, such as Osteo Sclerosing Agent, are also effective in curing the Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC). Material & Methods: Alcoholic zein (Polydochonol) injection, a commonly used osteo sclerosing agent, is used in this trial. In this clinical trial, 120 patients with ABC aged between 4 and 22 years were selected. These patients with aneurysmal bone cysts were treated with CT-guided percutaneous injection of Polydochonol into the cyst cavity. Polydochonol injection was used as primary treatment in 50 patients. 40 patients had recurrence following previous curettage and bone grafting and one patient had not responded to injection into the lesion of autologous iliac crest bone marrow aspirate. 29 patients needed a second injection. The median follow-up was 12 months. This study was conducted in 250 Bed General Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh between June 2021 and May 2022. Results: During this study, at imaging, 70 patients had resolution of the lesion and 50 had partial response at the most recent follow-up. Complications consisted of a local transitory inflammatory reaction in 2 patients and an aseptic abscess in one patient. Conclusions: This comparatively simple, minimally invasive procedure makes an operation unnecessary by stopping the expansion of the cyst and inducing endosteal new bone formation. By using this technique, primary management may be possible of aneurysmal bone cysts excluding spinal lesions.
Relationship Between Hand Length and Stature in Adult Bangladeshi Medical Students
Authors: Motaleb Mahin , Mamataj Sukrana , Hasan Syed Jamiul , Chowdhury Tarana , Haque A. S. M Mashrurul , Akter Afroza
Published: December 2024

Background: Among ancestry, age, sex and stature, the main four components of anthropometry, stature is considered one of the most important parameters. Anthropometry is an individual tool to estimate the stature of the living individuals. These parameters are used by Anatomists, Forensic experts and Anthropologists to build up the biological profile of a human. Identification of an individual is important in almost all spheres of life. Stature is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters to determine the physical identity of an individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hand length and stature in adult Bangladeshi medical students. Material & Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out in Department of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. In the present study, anthropometric measurements were done in 240 adult Bangladeshi medical students. Results: All the anthropometric measurements of male participants showed positive and statistically significant correlation with stature (p <0.05). All the anthropometric measurements of female participants showed positive and statistically significant correlation with stature (p <0.05). Stature was estimated from hand anthropometry through linear regression equation. All the results indicate the effectiveness of the formulated equation, evaluated by the test of significance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: That present study has generated some baseline data on the stature and hand measurements of Bangladeshi medical students. The data will be helpful in establishing a standard set of anthropometric measurements for the Bangladeshi population. These formulae can be finalized for the population by using the results of the present study and getting inputs from further larger studies.
Diabetic Retinopathy Among Young Adults with Diabetes in a Rural Setting in Bangladesh: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Choudhury Rahat Anwer , Hossain Khondokar Anowar , Saha Bijoy Kumar , Ahmed Munir , Islam Md Nazrul
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus, representing the leading cause of blindness in young adults. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of awareness and risk factors of DR in Young Adults with diabetes in the rural setting of Bangladesh. Material & Methods: The study was an observational and descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 190 young adults DM patients were included in this study following the Fisher et al. 1991 formula. Study data were collected from January 2020 to December 2021. From type 1 diabetic enlisted patients under Faridpur diabetic samity attended for routine follow up in diabetic corner in Faridpur diabetic Association Medical College. Results: Half (48.9%) of diabetes patients aged between 6 to 18 years with a mean age of 19.03 ± 4.26 years, ranging from 6 to 29 years old. About 37.9% of patients were males and 62.1% of patients were females. The difference in age of DM patients by sex was found statistically significant at .02 level (x2 = 43.22, df = 11; Cramer’s V = .35). The average blood sugar was14.36±2.59 (fasting) and 16.58±2.85 (meal) of the young adults. There was an association between the age of the young adults and fasting blood sugar (x2=19.08, df=13, Sig.=0.05), however, there is no association between the age of the DM patients and the level of blood sugar (after breakfast) (x2=29.52, df=19, Sig.=0.08). About 41% of patients’ visual acuity (unaided) was 6/6-6/18 (16-20 years) and in the same age group, 5.3% of the young adults’ unaided visual acuity was <6/18-6/60. About 26.2% (21-25 years) of unaided visual acuity was 6/6-6/18 and 2.6% had <6/18-6/60 VA. However, about 47.4% of the patients VA (aided) of the age group 16-20 years had <6/18-6/60, 29.50% had VA <6/18-6/60 (age group 21-25 years), 4.2% of the patient (26-30%) had <6/18-6/60 vision and same age group 1.1% had <6/60-3/60 vision after correction. Refractive error, allergic condition/itching/red, conjunctivitis, Watering, foreign body, ocular injury, Corneal ulcer, Myopia, and Astigmatism was common eye problems of the DM patients in our study. The majority of the patients were prescribed medicine, spectacles, and surgery. Conclusions: The blood sugar level among young adults is alarming and physical inactivity and obesity are the main risk factors for its development. Community-level awareness programs and establish models of healthcare transition from pediatric to adult care to ensure continuity of care and avoid patient disengagement.
The Effectiveness of Bilateral Pectoralis Nerve Block in Cardiac Surgery Patients for Managing Postoperative Pain
Authors: Das Rajat Shuvra , Hoque A.K.M. Faizul , Sultana Ayesha , Hannan Mohammad Abdul , Hassan Mehdi , Karmakar Chandra Shekhar , Jahan A B M Sarwar , Siddique Muhammed Sharif Uddin , Habibullah AKM
Published: December 2024

Background: Effective pain management following cardiac surgery contributes to enhanced recovery and increased mobility. But the coagulation status of the cardiac surgery patients makes neuraxial blocks risky. An alternative to neuraxial blocks for post operative pain management after adult cardiac surgeries is the Pectoralis Nerve (Pecs) block. This innovative technique offers a safe and minimally invasive approach for post operative pain management after adult cardiac surgeries. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of bilateral pectoralis nerve block in cardiac surgery with regards to enhanced recovery and postoperative pain management. Material & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study and was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive care medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2023 to June 2023. This study involved 40 adult cardiac surgery patients (25-65 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve repair or replacement surgeries via midline sternotomy. They were divided into two groups: Group A received conventional analgesia with intravenous paracetamol 01 gm TDS with continuous intravevous infusion of 1 microgram per kg body weight of fentanyl, and Group B received ultrasound guided bilateral Pectoral Nerve (PEC) block with volume of 0.2 ml per kg body weight of 0.25% bupivacaine with 5 mg of dexamethasone for each interfacial plane . Extubation criteria were used, and data were collected through a questionnaire for visual analogue score and vital parameters such as heart rate , blood pressure, respiratory rate , duration on invasive ventilation at 0 hour, 02 hour, 04 hour, 08 hour and 12 hour post operatively. Results: In total 40 patients from both the groups completed the study. The study found no significant differences in vital parameters between Group A and Group B. Group B showed significantly lower pain scores upto 12 hours post-extubation. Respiratory rate was significantly lower in Group B at six assessment times.

No significant differences were observed in hemodynamic variables. Group B had a shorter ICU stay compared to Group A, but no significant difference in hospital stays or duration of ventilator use between the groups. Conclusions: The Pectoral Nerve (Pecs) block is an effective and less invasive and safe procedure for managing postoperative pain and enhancing recovery in adult cardiac surgeries such as CABG, valve repair or replacement surgeries with a medial sternotomy.