bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT ISSUES OF THE PROBLEM OF BRINGING THE STATE TO INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMMITTING AN ACT OF AGGRESSION
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Padalka М.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to issues of international responsibility. It was revealed that the problem of international legal responsibility of subjects of international law is closely related to the fight against international crimes. The main elements of the onset of international responsibility are defined. The existence of guilt as a mandatory feature for establishing responsibility has been clarified. The paper determines the possibility of applying the category of guilt to states. At the same time, aggression is defined in international law as the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another state, or in any other way incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations. This article analyzes international acts that establish a normative definition of aggression and determine certain aspects of responsibility for this crime. At the same time, the work clarifies the genesis of the international legal consolidation of the concept of aggression. The work indicates the signs of an act of aggression, as well as a list of actions that fall under this concept. The subject of this study should also include the analysis of international organizations that are empowered to prosecute for committing an act of aggression. It is argued in the study that the modern mechanism of prosecution for this crime is not effective enough, given the limited jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The imperfect procedure for imposing a veto by permanent members of the UN Security Council is also defined. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the experience of responsibility for the aggression of states. In view of the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the search for ways to bring the aggressor state to justice is underway. The special importance of the UN Security Council regarding the introduction of military sanctions against the aggressor states has been clarified. The article substantiates the concept of state criminal responsibility for acts of aggression.
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ESTABLISHMENT
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Ratushny S.
Published: March 2023

The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the emergence and development of international migration law. An attempt is made to study the patterns of evolutionary development of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, the place and conceptual foundations of international migration law as a separate branch of international public law. The growth of migration flows, their acquisition of new quantitative and qualitative characteristics, being determined by economic, ecological, military-political, demographic and other factors, exerts a strong influence on all aspects of the functioning of the world system, becoming an indispensable component of many spatial changes that determine the essence of territorial identity social groups and form a new culture of thinking, which is based on various social norms, including the principles and norms of international law. The most obvious and effective way of regulating international migration, taken in the dynamics of qualitative changes in its trends and forms, social relationships, socio-economic and political-legal processes, development of technical capabilities of means of communication, is its international legal regulation, carried out as universal and at the regional levels of interstate cooperation, taking into account the evolution and historical development of international legal doctrine and practice. At the same time, the accuracy of the expected assessment of the results of international legal regulation directly depends on the adequacy of the understanding of the legal nature, essence and place of international migration law in the general legal system. It should be fundamental to understand and accept the thesis that the ideology and philosophy of legal regulation of relations in the field of international migration is based on the thesis of the need to find and ensure a balance between state sovereignty - the cornerstone of the international legal order and freedom of movement - one of the basic human freedoms. These basic elements remained practically unchanged during the entire historical period of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, although the level of tension between them and the ways of articulation of the latter changed throughout the history of international law at the doctrinal level and in the practice of state approaches.
RESTORATION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OBJECTS FROM MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD
Authors:   Tavria National University named after V.I. Vernadskyi, Chudnenko V.
Published: March 2023

This article reveals the peculiarities of the restoration of natural environment objects from military operations in the post-war period. Attention is paid to such groups as: land, subsoil, water, atmospheric air, forests, plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, viruses. It was noted that the need for the development of a comprehensive mechanism for the restoration of the natural environment is currently necessary to approve the Strategic State Program for Combating the Ecocide of the Russian Occupiers of the Natural Environment of Ukraine. It should be noted that ecocide is the commission of any illegal or harmful actions that are well known by those who commit them, which can cause serious, irreversible, long-term damage to the environment. Today, the five regions of Ukraine most affected by ecocide include: Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Mykolaiv and Kharkiv regions. They are under constant shelling and attacks. The minimum calculation of environmental damage from Russia's actions as of the end of 2022 is UAH 532 billion. This program should introduce a system for recording all violations in the field of environmental protection, which will allow recording the real volume of damage caused and taking the most effective measures to avoid further deterioration of the situation and restore ecosystems to a safe state for both humans and wildlife. And also develop mechanisms to hold Russia accountable for the ecocide of the Ukrainian natural environment, as well as the procedure for European integration in the field of environmental protection in the areas of: environmental management and integration of environmental policy into other industry policies, atmospheric air quality, waste management, water quality and water resources management , industrial pollution and man-made threats, climate change, genetically modified organisms. Provide nature-oriented solutions and measures for adaptation to climate change in the plans for the reconstruction of settlements. Development of mechanisms for capturing solid household waste that enters transboundary rivers.
LEGAL REGULATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES DURING THE HETMANAT OF PAVLO SKOROPADSKY IN 1918
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Verba S.
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of research into the origins of the legal regulation of the formation of the national scientific tradition during the Hetmanate of Pavel Skoropadskyi in 1918. The purpose of the article is to study the main achievements of the legal regulation of scientific activity of the Ukrainian State during the Hetmanate period of Pavel Skoropadskyi in 1918. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process. In particular, the method of analysis and synthesis, generalization and scientific abstraction, as well as historical and comparative analysis and forecasting. The information base of the research is the works of Ukrainian scientists, articles published in periodicals, archival materials, etc. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were formulated. The experience of the Ukrainian State of Pavel Skoropadskyi is proof of the real creative achievements of the Ukrainian state-building movement, the adaptation of which to today's existence of Ukraine is difficult to overestimate. It was during this period, with the approval by P. Skoropadsky on November 14, 1918, of the law "On the establishment of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in Kyiv", that the countdown to the formation of Ukrainian academic science began. It was with the formation of the National Academy of Sciences that science as a social institution in the Ukrainian State began to exist in the status of a legitimate legal entity with legally defined interests, rights and obligations. An important role in the creation of organizational forms of scientific associations was played by the attitude of the central government towards scientists, the desire to support them, as well as to direct scientific research in the right direction in the state. This was also noticeable at the level of higher school. The formation of Ukrainian higher education made it possible to lay the foundations for the integration of educational and scientific spaces in the conditions of the development of national statehood, the preservation and multiplication of the achievements of the Ukrainian intellectual environment for the benefit of the education of new generations of conscientious compatriots, the establishment of a regime of legality and law and order. A lthough, due to known historical circumstances, the mentioned state-building traditions in the field of science and education, personally laid by Hetman Pavel Skoropadsky, were essentially interrupted, the considerable successful experience gained in building the system of scientific and educational activities of the leagues became the basis for the development of a modern system of scientific and research activities, which still needs significant institutional and legal reform.
ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS OF THE HEAD OF THE ENTERPRISE AS AN OFFICIAL
Authors:   State University of infrastructure and technologies, Mashynichenko O.
Published: March 2023

This article describes the administrative status of the head of the enterprise as an official. It is determined that an official is an employee of state bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations of various forms of ownership, whose activity, for the purpose of implementing management functions, has a power-administrative nature and is aimed at organizing and ensuring the efficiency of the work of other persons. Whereas managers are a type of officials who are empowered with administrative authority in relation to a certain formally-organized team headed by them, who carry out internal organizational management of it. Unlike other officials, the head of the enterprise is a line manager. The specificity of the position of the head of the enterprise as part of the management apparatus allows to determine the economic and information levers of management. in a broad sense, it is appropriate to refer to the administration as the management apparatus of the enterprise: the highest level - the head of the enterprise, his deputies, heads of structural subdivisions of the centralized management apparatus; secondary - managers of structural divisions of the enterprise (productions, workshops); lower - shift chiefs, foremen, foremen. All of them, by the nature of their powers, are officials who have the right to make and organize the implementation of decisions binding on other employees of the enterprise. In a narrow sense, the administration of the enterprise consists of first-level managers who perform only managerial functions, while second- and third-level managers also perform production and economic functions. It is emphasized that the specificity of the position of the head of the enterprise as a type of official is seen in the fact that he carries out power and administrative activities within the enterprise and, in accordance with the above-mentioned social roles performed by the main organizational link of the industrial and economic sphere, acts simultaneously in three guises: as a representative of a legal entity, representative of a collective of employees, head of administration. This testifies to the complexity of his activity, it makes it possible to consider that the head of the enterprise operates in three different "planes", which, although interconnected, have significant differences.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL CONTENT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN THE SPHERE OF ENSURING THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State University, Kondratenko V.
Published: March 2023

The article outlines the peculiarities of the relationship between the legal categories "administrative activity" and "state administration". Separate areas of activity of state authorities and local self-government bodies regarding implementation of the human rights mechanism of the state in modern realities are considered. It is substantiated that significant reform changes in the system of public authorities and modification of the directions of their activities, creation of conditions for building a democratic, social, legal state in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities determined the priority of the formation of a new administrative and legal doctrine, built on the foundations of human-centered ideology. The advantage of the transformation of administrative law should be given to its non-management focus, which covers the relationship between public administration and persons with disabilities. The content of the administrative activity of subjects in this area is disclosed, where the primary importance is not managerial, but such new functions as law enforcement, which is related to the provision of human rights and freedoms, as well as human rights - related to the protection and restoration of violated rights. The latter fully reproduce the public purpose of administrative law in the context of the activities of the public administration regarding the implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of people with special physical and psychological development. In the end, it was determined that, taking into account the practical orientation of modern functions of administrative law, it is expedient to determine not only the consolidation of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities, but also the provision of their implementation and the creation of adequate protection in cases of violations, as a priority area of ​​activity of public administration. Only because of these aspects, the constitutional definition of affirming and ensuring human rights and freedoms, their legitimate interests as the main duty of the state becomes clearer.
MAIN COMPONENT ELEMENTS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ENSURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State University, Sobol Ye. , Zvenyhorodska O. ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2023

The article defines the main constituent elements of the administrative and legal provision of human and citizen rights and freedoms. The content of administrative and legal support is clarified, in particular, it is proposed to understand how the activity of state authorities is determined and regulated by legislation, in order to ensure the optimal mechanism for organizing, consolidating, implementing, protecting and protecting social relations with respect to human rights and freedoms. An analysis of concepts similar in content in different variable combinations was carried out. It is noted that under "collateral" should be understood the conditions of guarantee. Legal support is the activity of the state regulated, established and aimed at realizing the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of its citizens. It is emphasized that the mechanism of administrative and legal protection of human rights and freedoms is a single integral system of legal means, with the help of which legal regulation of social relations is carried out. The author traditionally proposes to include the norms of administrative law among the elements of the mechanism of administrative and legal support; legal fact; acts of direct implementation of the right; acts of application of the law, which establish and implement the provisions of administrative and legal norms. It is said that administrative and legal norms are the primary structural elements of administrative regulation of social relations in the sphere of ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. It is emphasized that they occupy the central link, since their absence leads to inactivity of the entire system of functioning of administrative law. In conclusion, it is outlined that the mechanism of administrative and legal protection of human rights and freedoms has its own specifics, in particular: the structure of the mechanism, which includes two interconnected subsystems; the mechanism acts as a means of implementing state power in relation to the management of public relations as a whole; the mechanism of administrative and legal support is characterized by its own, specific content.
BULLYING PREVENTION AND COMBAT MECHANISMS IN SWEDEN: ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ASPECT
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State University, Korniychenko A.
Published: March 2023

The article found out that the current legislation of this country, in general, has a preventive nature and is aimed at preventing any manifestations of bullying. It is noted that the Swedish government was one of the first to use a science-based approach to prevent and counter bullying, which, in particular, was based on systematic monitoring of the effectiveness of implemented programs and measures, as well as their evaluation. An analysis of the provisions of the relevant Law "On Education" was carried out, which establishes the obligation to report any manifestations of bullying, defines mandatory preventive actions for educational institutions, the procedure for responding to cases of bullying, its investigation and the application of appropriate measures.Separate powers of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and the Ministry of Labor were considered. It is indicated that to fulfill the defined functional duties, the Swedish government has established two highly specialized institutions under the Ministry of Labor – the Children's Ombudsman and the Ombudsman for Discrimination. It was found that in Sweden, bullying, which is characterized by discriminatory manifestations, is clearly separated from typical forms of bullying and is regulated by a separate law. It is noted that in Sweden, a system of control and supervision of the processes taking place in educational institutions has been formed, in particular, the body of a specialized control body – the Swedish School Inspectorate, which is a profile subject in the field of prevention and countering bullying - has been formed. It is indicated that the position of Ombudsman for children and students is being created in the structure of the Swedish School Inspectorate. An analysis of individual elements of its legal status was carried out. It is proposed to introduce a specialized anti-bullying ombudsman on the territory of Ukraine, which will objectively contribute to the necessary institutional strengthening of our country in this area.
SPECIAL METHODS OF STUDYING STATE-LEGAL PHENOMENA: MODERN VIEW
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogikal University, Zelenko I.
Published: March 2023

The article focuses on the fact that in legal science there is still no unanimous opinion regarding the concept of research methodology of state legal higher education institutions. The thesis that state and law research methods can be classified depending on the field of scientific knowledge into general scientific research methods, which are included in general philosophy and are applied in all fields of knowledge, received further consideration; private scientific research methods developed and used in the field of one science or several related sciences; special research methods that can be applied in one science, as well as in several related sciences, using knowledge of different types of sciences. It is highlighted that the complexity of society, multifacetedness and branching of the interests of its members determines the need to study society as a complex structure. This obliges the need to study such social institutions as law and the state using the methods of sociology. It is emphasized that the use of statistical methods in social sciences in general and jurisprudence in particular is justified, this is caused by the fact that statistical regularities characterizing social processes cannot be explained directly by the action of these regularities. But the general data characterizing the set of these phenomena are relatively stable and predictable. It is revealed that thanks to statistical methods of research, it is possible to work out issues related to state-legal phenomena perfectly, from different angles, while making it possible to study the state and law from different angles, to evaluate the effectiveness of the state apparatus in particular and the state mechanism in general, to understand the peculiarities of social - economic development of the state and the legal system. It has been demonstrated that the psychological method of research is used more and more actively at the current stage of the development of legal science, thanks to it it is possible to solve problems related to the issues of psychological processes that occur in the brains of people and their behavior.
FEATURES OF THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL EXAMINATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARITAL STATE
Authors:   Research Institute of Public Law, Bondar V.
Published: March 2023

The article describes the process of medical and social examination. It was determined that it consists of a number of successive steps, which involve a significant number of competent persons. It is proposed to divide the process of medical and social examination into three stages: preparatory, direct and final. The first stage includes: firstly, the application of a person claiming to be disabled to a medical and preventive health care institution; secondly, the activities of the representatives of the relevant health care institution, their implementation of the necessary research and the subsequent referral of documentation for medical and social examination. The second stage involves a direct examination (including a second one) of the person who applied for the establishment of disability by the medical and social expert commission. The thirdly, last, stage consists in making an appropriate decision based on the results of a medical and social examination. Separate components of this activity, which underwent changes in connection with the introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, were considered. The relevant normative and legal framework, which regulates the simplified procedure for conducting a medical and social examination, has been analyzed. The peculiarities of its implementation in the conditions of martial law are revealed.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL BASIS OF IMPLEMENTATION FORM OF PUBLIC CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES OF STATE AUTHORITY BODIES
Authors:   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State University, Nalyvayko O.
Published: March 2023

The article defines the key forms of public control over the activities of state authorities, which are divided into general, special and specialized groups. The given forms are characterized with the disclosure of their essence and content. General forms of public control include those that are accessible to most citizens. This general availability is ensured taking into account the fact that the latter find their consolidation in the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. They are norms of direct action that can be used by a wide range of persons, in particular in the form of appeals, requests for obtaining public information and mass gatherings. It is emphasized that special forms of public control require preparatory work by citizens and institutions of civil society. In the process, the authorization of control over subjects of public administration, which is carried out on behalf of the population, takes place. These forms are dependent on the decisions of the subjects of power, which raises some doubts about their efficiency and effectiveness. It is substantiated that specialized forms of public control are not initiated by the public, but by subjects of public administration. In this way, the important task of informing the public about the state and prospects of the functioning of public administration entities is implemented. A general characterization of the features of the current state of administrative and legal support of the institute of public control in this area has been carried out. Such provision is proposed to be understood as a set of legal means aimed at developing an effective mechanism for involving certain institutions of civil society and individual citizens in the management of state affairs by promoting equal and rational interaction of public authorities with various interested strata of the population.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE OXYGEN-BASED DISINFECTANTS IN AMERICAN FOULBROOD OF BEE
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Smirnov Anatoly M. , Sokhlikov Alexey B. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Blinov Alexey V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Gruznov Dmitry V ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Lugansky Sergey N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation, Ignatieva Galina I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Disinfection is the most important element in the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures for american foulbrood of bee. The use of peroxide preparations as disinfectants: Oxygran and Dezinbak super, as well as ozone gas with increased bactericidal and sporicidal activity, having a short exposure time and the ability to decompose to water and oxygen, is one of the stages of obtaining environmentally friendly commercial beekeeping products.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE NATURAL RESISTANCE AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LIVER OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:   Belgorod State Agrarian University of V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod 308503, Russian Federation, Reznichenko Aleksey A. , Reznichenko Ludmila V. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University of V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod 308503, Russian Federation, Nishanbayev Аlexandr А. ,   Belgorod State Agrarian University of V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod 308503, Russian Federation, Dorozhkin Vasily I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123022, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

In our work, we studied the effect of antioxidants on the natural resistance of broiler chickens, as well as their effect on the histostructure of the liver. Studies have shown that hypoxene and heptran increase the bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of pseudoeosinophils. In addition, the studied drugs had a positive effect on the restoration of the structure of liver cells. At the end of the experimental period after poultry slaughter, there were no signs of fatty liver degeneration in chickens of the experimental groups, which indicates the hepatoprotective effect of hypoxene and heptran.
INFLUENCE OF THE LIQUID VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT ON THE INCREASE IN LIVE WEIGHT AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RABBITS
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russian Federation, Bachinskaya Valentina M. , Gonchar Dmitry V. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russian Federation, Raikova Lyudmila N. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the effect of the Nitamin liquid vitamin supplement on changes in live weight and the main hematological parameters of young rabbits. The studies were carried out at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MGAVMiB – MVA named after K.I. Scriabin in the period 2021–2022. The objects of the study were young rabbits bred by crossing two meat breeds, the Soviet chinchilla and the New Zealand white. The drug «Nitamin» is a liquid vitamin drink supplement aimed at replenishing the deficiency of vitamins A, D3 , E and C in the body of animals. «Nitamin» experimental animals received with water for drinking four days from the age of 60 days and from the age of 74 days at the rate of 1 ml/1 liter of water. The results of the studies indicate that the rabbits who received the drug "Nitamin" with water for drinking, gained live weight more intensively, the weight of the experimental rabbits at the end of the experiment was 3.77 ± 0.26 kg, which is 12.87% more than in control group. The main hematological parameters of young rabbits after the use of the medicinal drinking supplement "Nitamin" were within the physiological norm without pronounced deviations. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group at the end of the experiment significantly increased by 28.74% and amounted to 136.14±4.26 g/l. The content of total protein in the blood serum of rabbits of the experimental group significantly increased by 4.81% and amounted to 59.23±3.13 g/l. The obtained research results indicate that the drug "Nitamin" can be used as a safe supplement for the main diet of rabbits in order to increase live weight without exposing their body to any dangerous and harmful effects.
News Media and the Public Discourse on Terrorism in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Qiwei Kang
Published: March 2023

This article explores the news media’s contribution to the evolving public discourse on terrorism in Aotearoa New Zealand. Employing a critical theory framework, it focuses on the construction of responses to terrorism through an analysis of two media texts related to the Christchurch terrorist attack, namely, “The end of our innocence” by Stuff and “This Is Us” by Radio New Zealand. The analysis demonstrates that, while the dominant media discourse had previously reduced discussions of terrorism to Islamic terrorism, the Christchurch attack created space for an alternative perspective. Moreover, the Muslim community in New Zealand has utilised news media to reject conventional thinking on terrorism. The analysis also suggests that the construction of a new, more meaningful public understanding of terrorism is possible if a wider range of authoritative speakers participate in the evolving public discourse of terrorism and if various social actors are given the opportunity to represent themselves.
A History of Violence: A Critical Overview of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Approach to Terrorism
Authors: Le Gros Lydia
Published: March 2023

On 15 March 2019, Brenton Tarrant fired indiscriminately at congregants as they gathered for prayer at the Linwood Islamic Centre and Al Noor Mosque in Christ-church, New Zealand. The media labelled the event New Zealand’s “loss of innocence” and its first experience of terrorism; MPs across the house described the attack as foreign and imported. However, there are various incidents in New Zealand’s history prior the Christchurch attacks that arguably also fit the definition of terrorism but have not been officially identified or charged as such. The government’s selective use of the terrorism label suggests that in the case of terrorism, phenomenally similar actions may be labelled differently depending on the identity of the perpetrator and the perspective from which the action is described. In order to understand how the government decides whether an act is a case of terrorism or not, this article traces the evolution and social context of New Zealand’s counter-terrorism legislation from the early colonial period to the Christchurch attacks. In doing so, this article finds that in New Zealand, terrorism has been routinely framed as the fault of foreigners and cultural outsiders. This suggests that the official definition of terrorism in New Zealand is not constant or objective, but is instead guided by historical conditions which make political sense of the current terrorism reality.
WHO WAS ABLAVIUS, FIRST HISTORIAN OF GOTHS?
Authors:   642nd Gymnasium, Butius V.N.
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the main versions of the origin of Ablavius, the author of the history of the Goths, and puts forward his own hypothesis of correspondence between the writer and the historical figure. It is noted that the question of the personality and nature of the activity of the historian Ablavius is still debatable, since we know about his existence only from quotes in the Getica, a text of Jordanes of the 6th century. A wide range of main versions of its origin, which have been proposed by various researchers since the Renaissance, has been studied. It is indicated that there is no single version of his origin, opinions are expressed that Ablavius could be a historian, geographer, bishop or prefect. Analysis of references to Ablavius in Jordanes made it possible to determine what information could be borrowed from the work of this author. The historical figures with the name Ablavius and the reasons that could prompt them to write a text dedicated to the Goths are considered. A version is proposed that the historian Ablavius and prefect Ablavius could be one and the same person, and an idea is expressed about the nature of his work, such as a short narrative describing the life and history of the Transdanubian barbarians and dedicated, first of all, to the victory of Emperor Constantine over the Goths and Sarmatians.
RESIDENTS OF PROVINCIAL REGIONS IN DIVORCE PROCEEDINGS WITH ADULTEROUS HUSBANDS IN
THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of
            Information Technologies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Vanyushina O.V. , Krivosheeva Y.A. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State
            University, Spichak A.V. ,   Nizhnevartovsk State
            University
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to study the peculiarities of the divorce process of
women with adulterers both in the central dioceses and on the periphery in the second
half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The results of the study of the issue as a
result of the analysis of cases of divorce by the Tver, Yaroslavl and Tobolsk spiritual
consistories are presented. Particular attention is paid to the forms of male adultery
that existed at that time and the dependence of the probability of ending the case in
divorce on their severity. It was found that it was easiest to obtain permission for a
divorce if there were witnesses who had the opportunity to confirm the husband's family
relationship with another woman, and moreover, the birth of an illegitimate child with
them. The article presents the stages of the divorce process due to male adultery, the
main categories of terms for solving such cases. The hypothesis was confirmed that it
was more difficult for peasant women than for representatives of other classes to get a
divorce from a traitor husband, this was hampered by both low literacy and ignorance of
the laws, and fear of consequences from her husband, and over time their literacy
increased, and patriarchal views remained in early 20th century Of the cases examined,
only in those related to peasant divorces did the spouses agree to reconcile, peasant
cases almost never ended in divorce. Differences in motives are also interesting: for
peasant women, the primary desire, even a necessity, was to enter into a new marriage in
order to find a master, breadwinner and assistant in the house, for other estates,
divorce was the motive, since treason was considered an “insult”.
ON THE PROBLEMS OF COMMEMORATING SIGNS DEDICATED TO THE FAMILY OF THE FORMER
EMPEROR NICHOLAS II: BY THE MATERIALS OF THE CITY OF TYUMEN
Authors:   Tyumen State
            University, Makarova E.O.
Published: March 2023

One of the sources of the formation of historical memory are commemorative signs
located in the urban landscape. The memorialization of the names of members of the
Romanov family causes an ambiguous reaction in the public mind of Russians. The official
procedure for the installation of objects of monumental art on the territory of the city
of Tyumen excludes the placement of commemoration signs in the presence of such a
reaction from the townspeople. However, at the same time, it gives the initiators the
opportunity to install objects in private and closed areas for viewing, which are not
subject to the jurisdiction of city authorities. The subject of the study is the problem
of commemorative signs dedicated to the family of the former Emperor Nicholas II. At the
same time, objects located exclusively within the boundaries of the city of Tyumen are
investigated. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems associated with the
placement, promotion and preservation of these signs of commemoration. To achieve the
goal, the author set the following tasks: to study the history of creation, placement
and accessibility for viewing the designated objects. The methodology of the work is
based on the principle of objectivity and historicism, a descriptive and comparative
research method is also used. Particular attention in the course of the study is paid to
determining the role of the initiators of the creation of objects. According to the
results of the study, most of the signs were installed without official paperwork. The
facilities are located on private or religious organization territory. This circumstance
leaves an imprint on their general perception by the viewer. In turn, being in
conditions that are limited for viewing, commemoration signs are inaccessible for
visiting. The study of the attitude of Tyumen residents to the described objects, as
well as the degree of their popularity among the townspeople, requires a separate
sociological study.
LINGKARAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP ANAK DALAM MASYARAKAT MANGGARAI
Authors: Yohanes Servasius Lon  , Fransiska Widyawati
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi lingkaran kekerasan terhadap anak di dalam masyarakat Manggarai dengan pertanyaan kunci, bagaimana kecenderungan fenomena kekerasan terhadap anak dan apakah akar masalah dari fenomena tersebut? Pertanyaan ini dijawab melalui penelitian mix method, kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: secara kuantitatif angka kejadian kekerasan terhadap anak sangatlah tinggi pada setiap jenis kekerasan yang ada. Pelakunya adalah orang dewasa yang akrab dengan kehidupan anak. Pelaku umumnya pernah mengalami trauma kekerasan di masa kecilnya. Karena itu ada mata rantai dan pewarisan kekerasan dari generasi ke generasi. Hal ini makin diperkuat oleh tradisi Manggarai yang memposisikan anak sebagai objek orang dewasa.
Shigellosis attended in the emergency department of a regional hospital in southeastern Spain: from their presence to multiresistance
Authors: Rodríguez-Guerrero Enrique , Herrera-León Silvia , Gómez-Vicente Esther , Navarro-Marí José María , Gutiérrez-Fernández José
Published: March 2023

Introduction. In the bacterial etiology of severe acute infectious diarrhea, except that caused by Clostridioides difficile, most of them have an invasive character and antibiotic treatment will be necessary in specific situations. Shigella is a classic pathogen, in which it is crucial to know the sensitivity to different classic and alternative antimicrobials. The objective of this work was to analyze the presence of shigellosis and the rate of antibiotic resistance. Methods. A descriptive-retrospective study of the reports of shigellosis of stool cultures issued between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted. Results. A total of 34 episodes (16 -47.1%- by Shigella sonnei) were observed, as of 2018. There were only 2 pediatric cases. The overall resistance rate to azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin was 52.9%, 64.7% and 44.1%, respectively. 26.5% were resistant to the 3 groups of antibiotics. There was a higher rate of resistance for S. sonnei. The emergence of resistance to cephalosporins in recent years stands out. Episodes of multidrug-resistant shigellosis were detected between 2020 (1 by S. flexneri) and 2022 (4 by S. sonnei). Conclusions. The episodes of shigellosis are emerging in our environment with a higher rate of multi-resistance. In this context, current empirical treatments for acute enteroinvasive enteritis are at risk of failure, if necessary.
NATIONAL IDENTITY PHENOMENON REPRESENTED IN THE VOLGA GERMANS’ VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Engels Institute of Technology (branch) Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Engels, Shindel S.V.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the Volga Germans’ national identity which is represented in the visual communication in the context of historical realities in the period of the end of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries. The symbolic space of preserved in Saratov Regional Local History Museum funds photos of propaganda posters, notes, streamers and labels’ patterns reflects not only the ethnical German traditional culture peculiarity but also marks famous historical events in the identified period. The comparative analysis of the elements and objects in the visual communication has led to the showing convergences both in their content and design. The semiotic method has revealed symbols and determined the semantics of the studied elements in the visual communication. The collected material has been divided into two groups, each of them having its clear explicit semantic load. The results obtained let us make virtual transfer into the ethnical German cultural space, set the geographical location and reconstruct some historical events typical of Russian Germans in the Volga Region. Preserved to this day not only the elements but also the objects of the visual communication are of historical value, fix ethnical German flavor, give an idea of the formation and representation of the Volga Germans’ identity. Preservation of the authenticity as well as biological survival was of the utter importance for the Russian Germans: the first settlers developed the wasteland in the adverse climate conditions, lived isolated, their dialects were the main means of communication; the Volga Germans equated themselves with the ethnical Germans inhabited their historical motherland – Germany. The concept idea of order typical of German ethnical culture ontologically with its value guidelines, traditions and customs is relevant in the present research.
THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTANCE LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Ivanushkina N.V. , Shchipova O.V.
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the features of distance learning at the university. The positive influence of digital technologies on the process of modernization of domestic education, on the personification of learning, on the nature of interaction between participants in the educational process is determined. The results of the survey are presented, the purpose of which was to study the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the educational process in the implementation of distance learning, as well as to find out the opinion of students about the features of the educational process during the implementation of distance learning. Most students note that they have adapted well to the conditions of distance learning at the university and are satisfied with the organization of the educational process. In the educational process, the following digital technologies are used to conduct classes: the BigBlueButton webinar system, the Zoom service, Jamboard, YouTube, Slido, Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom, programs for creating presentations. In the course of the study, positive and negative characteristics of distance learning were identified, data were obtained confirming the influence of distance learning on the well-being of respondents and the relationships of the team. The article notes that distance learning stimulates the development and transformation of the educational process, encourages finding and using new learning tools and technologies.
TRANSLATION OF PROPER NAMES INTO RUSSIAN (ON BASIS OF THE NOVEL “DO ANDROIDS DREAM OF ELECTRIC SHEEP?” BY PHILIP K. DICK)
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Zhuravlev A.P.
Published: March 2023

This paper analyzes the translation of the novel called “Do androids dream of electric sheep?” by Philip K. Dick into Russian. Current paper is the third part of a bigger research and deals particularly with the translation of some proper names (especially so called charactonyms) found in the novel. The paper provides the brief review of basic ways of translation of proper names (such as transcription and transliteration), as well as analysis of their advantages and disadvantages in each particular situation. The results of the research are used to draw a conclusion that various misrepresentations of the original proper names occurred because of the obvious lack of the translator’s professional knowledge.