bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Tribuna Forense antigua revista granadina de Tribunales y Administración
Authors: ROSALES DE ANGULO JOSÉ MARÍA
Published: January 2024

La revista La Tribuna Forense era una solemne desconocida hasta la fecha, no habiendo sido citada en los libros colegiales editados ni en otros artículos ni publicaciones. Constituyó un ‘descubrimiento’ del autor de estas líneas en una afamada y antigua librería de viejo del casco histórico de Madrid. Se encuentra encuadernada en un tomo comprendiendo los veinte primeros números, desde noviembre de 1900 hasta mayo de 1901. Tras la oportuna información, el libro fue adquirido por el propio Colegio de Abogados, obrando en su sede acompañando a otros textos históricos
Las mujeres en la España franquista
Authors: SEGORBE HERENCIA CARMEN
Published: January 2024

En este estudio se pretende exponer que la Sección Femenina de Falange, más tarde del Movimiento de Franco fue algo más que un grupo de señoritas cosiendo y discutiendo sobre recetas de cocina y la longitud de la ropa de las gimnastas. Impondrían a las mujeres los valores del llamado Nuevo Estado, el ideal de madre y esposarepresentado en "La perfecta casada" de Fray Luís de León y que las componentes estaban muy lejos de cumplir. Eran independientes, viajaba, estudiaban y su estilo de vida las alejaba del resto de la sociedad presentando, como el régimen mismo, numerosas contradicciones. Asimismo harían gala de un profundo pragmatismo durante toda su existencia y contribuirían, como veremos, a la modificación de la legislación, resultando un avance, aunque muy tímido, pero de gran repercusión social
DIETER GRIMM «VERFASSUNG UND PRIVATRECHT IM 19. JAHRHUNDERT. DIE FORMATIONSPHASE» (JUS PUBLICUM VOL. 269), MOHR SIEBECK, TÜBINGEN 2017, ISBN 978-3-16-155557-2
Authors: KUMMER JOACHIM
Published: January 2024

Dieter Grimm’s work has a history of its own: Finished in 1979 as his habilitation, it is the first part of a planned, but never realized, two-part series on the relationship between constitutional and private law. Only in 2017 Dieter Grimm decided to publish the first part. A second part, as he stated, will not be published. The book therefore is unfinished and already over forty years old which is even more impressive because it can still be considered a standard work on the history of constitutional and private law
Transgresiones sexuales en la Modernidad: los casos de Cabra y Rute (Córdoba)
Authors: Criado Vega Teresa María
Published: January 2024

Con el presente trabajo queremos constatar que la mujer a lo largo de los siglos ha sido objeto de violencia sexual por parte del varón, no siendo por tanto la "violencia de género" una realidad surgida en nuestros días. Las conductas cometidas por el hombre contra las mujeres en dicho ámbito durante la Modernidad se circunscribían en el mundo penal, concretamente en los capítulos "Delitos contra el matrimonio, contra la moral sexual dominante y la violencia". Tales actos competían a los autos judiciales y de ellos nos han llegado un amplio elenco, específicamente, de dos pueblos de la campiña cordobesa: Cabra y Rute, depositados hoy en día en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Córdoba, adscritos a la edad Moderna, y de los cuales analizaremos varios ejemplos
Paleoenvironmental changes preceding the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the western Mediterranean Sea (pre-evaporitic Messinian of the Melilla-Nador Basin, NE Morocco)
Authors: Bahaj Hanane , Barhoun Barhoun , Bachiri Taoufiq Naima , Rahmouna Jihad , Targhi Soukaina , Berry Naima , Suc Jean-Pierre , Popescu Speranta-Maria
Published: January 2024

In order to contribute to the understanding of the evolution of marine and continental environments, preceding the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis in the western Mediterranean, we conducted an integrated study of the pre-evaporitic Messinian sedimentary series in the Melilla-Nador basin. Three sections have been carried out in the marl-diatomite series and were the subject of a detailed biostratigraphic and palynological study. The study of planktonic foraminifera, pollen, dinocysts, and palynofacies allowed us to characterize the evolution of these environments. From 6.83 to 6.52 Ma, the marine environment was relatively open, calm, probably subject to the action of upwellings and received periodic continental inputs. Starting 6.52 Ma, the abundance and diversity of planktonic foraminifera decreased. Continental inputs gradually dominate, alternating with marine ones, and reflecting a succession between proximal and distal neritic environments. The surface water conditions were warm. After 6.35 Ma, began the degradation of marine conditions. The continental environment shows an open vegetal landscape dominated by herbaceous plants, reflecting a tropical to arid subtropical climate, slightly less dry than that of the South Rifian Corridor. This study confirms the existence of several parameters that contributed to the deposition of the cyclical marl-diatomite series: on the one hand, the hot and dry climate favored the reduction of the plant landscape and therefore erosion (continental inputs); on the other, the tectonics (volcanism and uplift).
The Central South Atlantic: The origin of its waters, its evolution and effects beyond
Authors: Azevedo Ricardo L.M. , Antunes Rogério L. , Bruno Mauro D.R. , Fairchild Thomas R. , Dias-Brito Dimas
Published: January 2024

The primitive sea that occupied the Central South Atlantic (CSA), part of the intra-Gondwana rift during the Early Cretaceous, allowed precipitation of an extensive and thick layer of evaporites, the Ibura Salt, followed by the deposition of a prominent Albian carbonate package. Although the shallow platform facies do not contain classical benthic Tethys markers, the pelagic open sea carbonates are essentially dominated by planktonic elements coming from the Tethys Realm. This condition led some researchers to think that Tethys waters also contributed to salt formation, an idea that clashes with the geotectonic model of northward separation of Africa and South America and ingression of predominantly Austral marine waters. Now, a new controversy arises as to the age of this salt layer when trying to position bio-events and lithological and chemostratigraphic markers from these rocks with respect to established data for the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Aptian/Albian boundary (GSSP-Alb). Biochronostratigraphic information on planktonic foraminifera points to an Aptian age as opposed to the earliest Albian traditionally accepted for the carbonate section that overlies the giant salt layer. On the other hand, stratigraphic and geochronological data suggest an age of 113 Ma for the base of the salt, very near to the 113.2 ± 0.1 Ma arbitrated for the GSSP-Alb. In this study, we adopt the base of the evaporite bed as the Aptian/Albian boundary in the CSA, Equatorial South Atlantic (ESA), and northeastern Brazilian interior basins (BNE) as well. Based on these criteria, a broad review and the integration of available information have led to new interpretations regarding the earliest phase of these segments of the South Atlantic and adjacent areas. Initially, during the Aptian-Albian transition, an ephemeral interior sea within Brazil, drawing its waters from the north, would have contributed to salt deposition in the intra-Gondwana rift (evaporitic stage of the CSA). Afterward, but still within the earliest Albian, the evaporitic system evolved into a carbonate gulf when the northern barrier, the Exception Zone (EZ), disappeared. The lagoonal circulation pattern that then formed in the CSA created a hypersaline and warm outflow plume that swept across the marine bottom of the ESA and part of the Tethys Sea. Paleoceanographic events registered at Site 545, Mazagan Plateau, support this new hypothesis and illustrate the potential complexity of correlation of organic-rich deposits in which local influences have been greater than global ones. This long, narrow, and continuous carbonate gulf disappeared at the end of the Albian with the arrival of southern waters from the Meridional South Atlantic (MSA), and the South Atlantic became consolidated as a proto-ocean.
The Kalkowsky Project - Chapter V. Asymmetric ooids from the Yacoraite Formation (Argentina)
Authors: Granier Bruno R.C. , Lapointe Philippe
Published: January 2024

Asymmetric ooids are documented in a brackish Maastrichtian to Danian paleolake in NW Argentina. Their distinctive asymmetric growth pattern is likely related to an uneven distribution of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) around the coated allochem, within which calcite fibers (i.e., 'fibrite') have grown. This pattern is unlikely to be mistaken for that of other 'eccentric' ooids, such as wobbly ooids, spiny ooids, hiatus ooids, half-moon ooids, 'broken' ooids sensu lato, or collapsed oomolds (referred to as 'distorted' ooids).
¿Es necesario trabajar la sexualidad de las personas drogodependientes? Sexo, drogas y... ¡Empecemos!
Authors: Delgado Laura , Calvo García Fran
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Aunque el consumo de drogas recreativas y los tratamientos farmacológicos tienen un fuerte impacto en la sexualidad de los individuos que padecen trastornos por consumo de sustancias, la sexualidad no suele incluirse en los planes de trabajo de los servicios residenciales especializados. Objetivos: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la salud sexual de las personas usuarias en el contexto residencial de atención, así como relacionar los contenidos de las normativas de los servicios en materia de sexualidad con la opinión sexual tanto de personas usuarias como de las figuras profesionales. Resultados: Los principales resultados indicaron que no se trabaja la sexualidad en la mayoría de los centros. Por otro lado, las personas usuarias presentan cifras elevadas de disfunción sexual. Finalmente, la opinión sexual de estas fue generalmente positiva. Conclusión: En conclusión, pese a los altos índices de disfunciones sexuales en personas usuarias, no se trabaja la sexualidad en centros residenciales en drogodependencias; la opinión sexual de personas implicadas no supone un impedimento.
Aportes de la rehabilitación cognitiva en los procesos de reinserción social y familiar en el tratamiento de las adicciones
Authors: Correa-Pérez Luisa Fernanda , Ramirez-Macías Maria Clara , Restrepo-Segura Yusty Carolina
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La terapia de rehabilitación cognitiva [TRC] promete ser una alternativa eficaz en los tratamientos del trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS). Existe evidencia de su uso en el mejoramiento de las condiciones cognitivas deterioradas por el consumo, mayor adherencia al tratamiento, aumenta los índices de abstinencia y contribuye al restablecimiento de las funciones ejecutivas pérdidas. Sin embargo, no se tiene conocimiento sobre su impacto en la reinserción social y familiar del individuo. Objetivo: La presente busca identificar los aportes de la TRC en el trata- miento de las adicciones sobre los procesos de reintegración social y familiar. Método: Se utilizaron las bases de datos EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS, SCIENCEDIRECT, APA &TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, y se implementó la estrategia de revisión docu- mental sistematizada, 44 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Existe evidencia significativa sobre la efectividad de los entrenamientos en TRC como mejoría en el autocontrol y habilidades sociales, emociona- les y cognitivas que contribuyen positivamente en la funcionalidad de la persona. Conclusiones: La TRC aumenta las posibilidades de empleabilidad y ayuda en el entendimiento familiar del TCS. Se considera entonces que la TRC podría generar una alternativa viable en el tratamiento del TCS. Palabras Clave: Rehabilitación Cognitiva, Reinserción Social y Familiar, Adicciones.
Hábitos deportivos, lesiones y consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en deportistas de skateboarding amateur
Authors: Castillo-Daza Carlos Alberto , Cardozo Luis Alberto , Peña-Ibagón Jhonatan Camilo
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Determinar los hábitos deportivos, lesiones y consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en deportistas
de Skateboarding amateur. Método: El tipo de diseño fue descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo en una población de 68 deportistas de la ciudad de Bogotá. Se utilizó el cuestionario de hábitos deportivos e historial de lesiones CHDHL junto con una versión adaptada del cuestionario ESTUDES. Resultados: Se encontró que el estilo Goofy es el más utilizado tanto para el Stance como para el empuje, una mayor proporción de sujetos tienen entre 1 a 5 años de práctica, con una frecuencia entre 1 a 4 días y variada duración de la sesión de práctica. El 84% realiza entrada en calor previo a la sesión, 59% vuelta a la calma y en su mayoría no partici- pan en competencias. El 87% ha sufrido alguna lesión deportiva, el 72% durante el último año, siendo principalmente afectadas las extremidades inferiores con escasa participación en programas de readaptación física (29%). Se encon- tró un moderado consumo de tabaco pero alto en alcohol y marihuana, asociándose esta última con la presencia de lesiones (p= 0.025; OR= 2.186; IC 95%= 0.039 a 6.048). Conclusiones: Es fundamental desarrollar planes de acción a nivel de políticas públicas que permitan realizar un acompañamiento por parte de profesionales en los diferentes Skatepark, en programas de formación deportiva, prevención de lesiones y consumo de sustancias que puedan incidir de forma negativa en la salud de los deportistas.
Principales trastornos de ansiedad en dos ciudades de Ecuador
Authors: Valarezo-Bravo Omayck Fernando , Elizalde-Socola Jefferson Geovanny , Jiménez Marcos
Published: January 2024

Introducción. En la actualidad los trastornos de salud mental han venido aumentando conforme al paso de los años, y los trastornos de ansiedad son uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en consulta. Objetivo. Se tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de los trastornos neuróticos, tal como se describen en las categorías F40-49 de la CIE-10, en las ciudades de Macará y Huaquillas (Ecuador) entre los años 2018 y 2020. Método. Metodología cuantitativa no experimental descriptivo y de corte retrospectivo. Para ello, se recopiló la información clínica y sociodemográfica de 428 pacientes, a través de la base de datos denominada: Registro diario automatizado de consultas y atenciones ambulatorias RDACAA. Resultados. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron diferencias en la prevalencia de trastornos neuróticos en cuanto al sexo. Mientras que los adolescentes presentaron una mayor probabilidad de ser diagnostica- dos de trastornos de ansiedad. Conclusiones. Las adolescentes fueron diagnosticadas en mayor proporción con estrés grave y trastornos de adaptación y las mujeres tienen más probabilidades de presentar un diagnóstico dentro de la subcategoría Reacciones a estrés grave y trastornos de adaptación.
Asociación entre la producción científica del asesor y la publicación tesis de pregrado de Medicina Humana en una revista indizada
Authors:   , Arias Rivera Eva Esperanza , Colmenares Rivera Claudia Viviana
Published: January 2024

Introducción Las tesis de pregrado son requisito para obtener el título profesional, pero a menudo no se publican más allá de los repositorios institucionales. Dentro de los factores asociados se menciona la influencia del asesor. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la producción científica del asesor y la publicación de la tesis en una revista indizada. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se evaluó la producción del asesor utilizando el índice H y se determinó la publicación de la tesis en revistas indizadas mediante un método de búsqueda propuesto en el estudio. Para estimar la asociación se utilizó la regresión de Poisson y se estimaron razones de riesgo relativo (RR) con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados Se analizaron 316 tesis de medicina sustentadas entre el 2015 al 2019. Por cada punto del Índice H del asesor, la probabilidad de publicar la tesis se incrementa un en 3% (RR ajustado=1,03, IC95%:1,02 -1,05). La universidad de procedencia, el año de sustentación y el sexo de los tesistas fueron variables asociadas. El 26,3% de las tesis se publicaron y el tiempo promedio transcurrido fue de 9.9 (DE: 1,4) meses.
Adherencia a profilaxis quirúrgica en cirugías obstétricas y ginecológicas en dos hospitales de Huánuco
Authors:   , Arteaga Livias Franz Kovy
Published: January 2024

Introducción: Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) pueden ser tan altas en las cirugías de ginecología y obstetricia en comparación con otras áreas. La profilaxis antimicrobiana es una herramienta efectiva en la prevención de las ISQ; sin embargo, muchas veces no es administrada adecuadamente, por lo que este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el cumplimiento y los factores asociados al uso de las guías de práctica clínica para la profilaxis antibiótica en cirugías ginecológicas en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Huánuco, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de todas las cirugías ginecológicas realizadas durante el año 2019. Se determinó el cumplimiento en base al antibiótico elegido, dosis, tiempo de administración, redosificación y duración de la profilaxis. Como factores relacionados se consideraron la edad, hospital de procedencia, presencia de comorbilidades, cirugía realizada, así como su duración, tipos de cirugía y anestesia. Resultados: Se recogieron 529 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidas a cirugía ginecológica con una mediana de edad de 33 años. El antibiótico profiláctico se indicó correctamente en el 55,5% de los casos, y la dosis fue correcta en el 31,2%. El cumplimiento total de las cinco variables evaluadas fue sólo del 3,9%. La cefazolina fue el antibiótico más utilizado. Conclusiones: Se identificó un bajo cumplimiento de las guías de práctica clínica institucional para la profilaxis antibiótica, lo que demuestra que la profilaxis antimicrobiana en los hospitales estudiados fue inadecuada.
Funcionalidad familiar y compromiso académico en la educación virtual de estudiantes de 1er y 2do año de Ciencias de la Salud de una Universidad privada de Lima
Authors:   , Caceres Le Breton Artidoro Jacques
Published: January 2024

La Pandemia por Covid-19 obligó durante dos años a los alumnos peruanos a seguir los estudios universitarios desde sus hogares. En ese contexto se buscó comprobar la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y el compromiso académico en la educación a distancia de los alumnos de primer y segundo año de tres programas académicos de una universidad peruana utilizando la escala FACES III y el inventario UWES-S. Se trata de un estudio transversal de tipo correlacional donde participaron voluntariamente 307 estudiantes de las Escuelas de Medicina Humana, Nutrición y Enfermería; 245 fueron mujeres y 62 hombres, con edades entre 18 y 36 años. Todos los resultados de la correlación latente fueron estimados mediante la técnica de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Se encontró una relación positiva y un tamaño de efecto grande entre la funcionalidad familiar y el compromiso académico (r = .51, IC95%: .40, .61), el modelo latente general presentó muy buen ajuste (CFI y TLI > .95, RMSEA y SRMR < .08), así como la existencia de una relación positiva entre cohesión familiar y vigor académico (r = .38), cohesión familiar y dedicación académica (r = .46), cohesión familiar y absorción académica (r = .41), adaptabilidad familiar y vigor académico (r = .38), adaptabilidad familiar y dedicación académica (r = .49), y adaptabilidad familiar y absorción académica (r = .41). Estos resultados podrán contribuir en el diseño de futuras intervenciones académicas orientadas a lograr un mejor desarrollo educativo, así como el bienestar de los alumnos en esta modalidad de enseñanza.
Satisfacción del personal de salud del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza
Authors:   , Carrillo Román Natalia Delhi
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: Explorar el nivel de satisfacción del personal de salud del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza en el año 2020, y sus características asociadas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, mediante aplicación de la encuesta de satisfacción para el personal de salud del MINSA. Examinamos el nivel de satisfacción mediante puntajes discretos, dicotomización y categorización politómica. Exploramos las respuestas para cada una de las 7 dimensiones comprendidas dentro de la satisfacción, tanto para la población total como para subgrupos definidos por la tenencia de un trabajo concurrente y por la antigüedad laboral. Determinamos algunos factores asociados mediante la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Incluimos a 338 trabajadores con una mediana de edad de 43 años. El 64.5% presento insatisfacción (80 puntos o menos). Presentaron mayor insatisfacción laboral el personal administrativo (RP 1.28; IC95% 1.07-1.55) con respecto al asistencial, y también aquellos con más de 5 años en el puesto (RP 1.35; IC95% 1.05-1.74) al analizar el outcome en forma dicotómica. Sin embargo, los porcentajes de respuestas para evaluar satisfacción por dimensiones fueron muy similares al comparar los subgrupos definidos por la tenencia de un trabajo concurrente y por la antigüedad laboral. Conclusiones: Aproximadamente, dos de cada tres trabajadores presentan insatisfacción laboral. Es posible que tener un trabajo concurrente o la antigüedad laboral estén relacionados a la satisfacción laboral cuando se examina el fenómeno en forma agregada, hallazgos que aparentemente desaparece cuando se exploran las comparaciones a nivel de subdimensiones por subgrupos. El complejo fenómeno de la satisfacción laboral amerita mayores estudios que informen mejor futuras acciones.
Machine Learning-Based Metabolic Pattern Recognition Predicts Mode of Action for Anti-Cancer Drug Candidates
Authors: Balcke Gerd , Saoud Mohamad , Grau Jan , Rennert Robert , Mueller Thomas , Yousefi Mohammad , Davari Mehdi D. , Hause Bettina , Csuk Rene , Rashan Luay , Grosse Ivo , Tissier Alain , Wessjohann Ludger
Published: January 2024

A bottleneck in the development of new anti-cancer drugs is the recognition of their mode of action (MoA). We combined metabolomics and machine learning to predict MoAs of novel anti-proliferative drug candidates, focusing on human prostate cancer cells (PC-3). As proof of concept, we studied 38 drugs with known effects on 16 key processes of cancer metabolism, profiling low molecular weight intermediates of the central carbon and cellular energy metabolism (CCEM) by LC-MS/MS. These metabolic patterns unveiled distinct MoAs, enabling accurate MoA predictions for novel agents by machine learning. We validate the transferability of MoA predictions from PC-3 to two other cancer cell models and show that correct predictions are still possible, but at the expense of prediction quality. Furthermore, metabolic profiles of treated cells yield insights into intracellular processes, exemplified for drugs inducing different types of mitochondrial dysfunction. Specifically, we predict that pentacyclic triterpenes inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and affect phospholipid biosynthesis, as supported by respiration parameters, lipidomics, and molecular docking. Using biochemical insights from individual drug treatments, our approach offers new opportunities, including the optimization of combinatorial drug applications.
The molecular architecture of the kidney slit diaphragm
Authors: Birtasu Alexandra N. , Wieland Konstantin , Ermel Utz H. , Scheffer Margot P. , Grahammer Florian , Frangakis Achilleas S.
Published: January 2024

Vertebrate life depends on renal function to filter excess fluid and remove low molecular-weight waste products. An essential component of the kidney filtration barrier is the slit diaphragm (SD), a specialized cell-cell junction between podocytes. Although the constituents of the SD have recently been identified, its molecular architecture remains elusive. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography of vitreous lamellae from high-pressure frozen native murine glomeruli to analyse the molecular architecture of the SD. In our tomographic reconstructions, the “central dot” of the SD resembles a fishnet pattern. After sub-tomogram averaging and molecular dynamics flexible fitting of Nephrin and Neph1, the main constituents of the SD, an ordered crisscross arrangement can be seen. The resulting molecular model of the SD suggests at least four contact sites for each Nephrin and two contact sites for each Neph1 and renders the SD as a quasi-crystalline, sheet-like molecular polymer that is able to compensate for mechanical forces. Our architectural understanding of the murine SD reconciles previous findings and provides a mechanistic framework for the understanding of renal disease.
Metal-Optic Nanophotonic Modulators in Standard CMOS Technology
Authors: Trajtenberg-Mills Sivan , ElKabbash Mohamed , Harris Isaac , Bandyopadhyay Saumil , Ibrahim Mohamed , Wang Archer , Chen Xibi , Brabec Cole , Han Ruonan , Englund Dirk
Published: January 2024

Integrating nanophotonics with electronics promises revolutionary applications ranging from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to holographic displays. Although semiconductor manufacturing of nanophotonics in Silicon Photonic foundries is maturing, realizing active nanophotonics in the ubiquitous bulk
CMOS processes remains challenging. We introduce a fabless approach to embed active nanophotonics in bulk CMOS by co-designing the back-end-of-line metal layers for optical functionality. Without changing any of the design rules imposed by a 65 nm CMOS process, we realize plasmonic liquid crystal modulators that exhibit switching speeds 100 times faster than commercial technologies. Our approach, which embeds ’zero-change’ nanophotonics into the most ubiquitous platform for integrated electronics, democratizes fabrication of metal-optic
nanophotonics, opens the path to mass production of active nanophotonic components, and overcomes major packaging challenges that have previously hindered the realization of complex metal-optic optoelectronic systems.
Pain relief in children: pharmacokinetic extrapolation supported by real-world evidence
Authors: Lai John Chi Keung , Rasche Stefanie , Fish Nicola , Wagner Kerstin , Bermin Jenny , Spegel Christer
Published: January 2024

Background
Relieving pain quickly in children suffering from childhood aches and pains is high priority for parents and caregivers. However, conducting controlled pain relief studies in children to investigate the time it takes for the onset of pain relief presents ethical and reproducibility considerations. The aim of this work was to research the ability of paracetamol pain relievers to quickly (in under 30 minutes) relieve pain in pediatric populations.
Methods
Onset of pain relief in children aged 6 years and above was determined using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to extrapolate data from adults who were treated with paracetamol in clinical studies. Perception of pain relief in 2- to 5-year-old children was collected via questionnaire from caregivers who had administered paracetamol to their child for pain.
Results
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling generated with data from paracetamol adult pain relief studies and pharmacokinetic studies of paracetamol fast dissolving tablet and suspension demonstrated that the onset of pain relief would be reached within 30 minutes in children 6 years and above. In the 2- to 5-year-old group, 89% of parents and caregivers perceived their child felt relief from pain in less than 30 minutes after being administered paracetamol pain reliever.
Conclusions
Paracetamol-containing pain reliever in tablet and suspension formulations provide relief from pain in less than 30 minutes in the pediatric population.
Patient-reported outcome measures in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy program– a prospective cohort study
Authors: Burch Andrea R. , Ledergerber Bruno , Ringer Martin , Zinkernagel Annelies S. , Eberhard Nadia , Kaelin Marisa B. , Hasse Barbara
Published: January 2024

Objectives To evaluate the influence of our local Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) program on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) using Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs).
Design Prospective cohort study.
Setting A public tertiary care hospital in Switzerland.
Participants Patients enrolled in the University Hospital Zurich’s OPAT program between October 2020 and September 2022. They were interviewed pre-discharge and 7-14 days post-dis using a shortened, four-domain-version of the validated Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, complemented by four additional questions gauging patient satisfaction.
Main outcome measures The primary outcomes were the scores in four domains of the SF-36 questionnaire.
Results Thirty-three patients participated in the study. Univariate analysis revealed substantial improvement in three of the four SF-36 domains. Specifically, participants reported enhanced role emotional (p=0.038), social functioning (p=0.003) and emotional well-being (p=0.003). Furthermore, 97% of patients would recommend OPAT to others.
Conclusion OPAT significantly impacts HRQoL and yields high patient satisfaction. Hospitals considering new OPAT programs should include both patient satisfaction and HRQoL impact in their argument repertoire for the introduction of OPAT.
Alzheimer's disease transcriptional landscape in ex-vivo human microglia
Authors: Roussos Panos , Kosoy Roman , Fullard John , Bendl Jaroslav , Kleopoulos Steven , Shao Zhiping , Argyriou Stathis , Mathur Deepika , Vicari James , Ma Yixuan , Humphrey Jack , Brophy Erica , Raj Towfique , Katsel Pavel , Voloudakis Georgios , Lee Donghoon , Bennett David , Haroutunian Vahram , Hoffman Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Microglia are resident immune cells of the brain and are implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other diseases. Yet the cellular and molecular processes regulating their function throughout the course of the disease are poorly understood. Here, we present the transcriptional landscape of primary microglia from 189 human postmortem brains, including 58 healthy aging individuals and 131 with a range of disease phenotypes, including 63 patients representing the full spectrum of clinical and pathological severity of AD. We identified transcriptional changes associated with multiple AD phenotypes, capturing the severity of dementia and neuropathological lesions. Transcript-level analyses identified additional genes with heterogeneous isoform usage and AD phenotypes. We identified changes in gene-gene coordination in AD, dysregulation of co-expression modules, and disease subtypes with distinct gene expression. Taken together, these data further our understanding of the key role of microglia in AD biology and nominate candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Tomato mutants reveal root and shoot strigolactones involvement in branching and broomrape resistance
Authors: Karniel Uri , Koch Amit , Nun Nurit Bar , Zamir Dani , Hirschberg Joseph
Published: January 2024

The phytohormones strigolactones (SLs) control root and shoot branching and are exuded from roots into the rhizosphere to stimulate interaction with mycorrhizal fungi. The exuded SLs serve as signaling molecules for the germination of parasitic plants. The broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca is a widespread noxious weed in several crop plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). 'In silico' screening of tomato (M82) mutants identified three lines that showed significantly increased branching. Two mutants, SHOOT BRANCHING 1 (sb1) and SHOOT BRANCHING 2 (sb2), lack SLs due to loss of function mutations in the genes for the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase enzymes CCD7, and CCD8, respectively. Beyond the increased branching, these mutants were completely resistant to infection by P. aegyptiaca. The third branching mutant, SHOOT BRANCHING 3 (sb3), carried a point mutation in the SLs receptor DWARF14 and was found to be highly susceptible to P. aegyptiaca. SL concentration in roots of the sb3 was two-fold higher than in the wild type due to the upregulation of transcription of SL biosynthesis genes. This phenomenon suggests that the steady-state level of SLs is regulated by a feedback mechanism that involves the SL signaling pathway. Grafting experiments showed that sb1 and sb2 rootstocks protected wild-type tomato scions from P. aegyptiaca infection without a significant yield loss, offering a solution to the broomrape crisis. These results also demonstrate that strigolactones synthesized in the shoots are involved in the control of shoot branching.
Mental Health Literacy Among Urban and Rural Residents of Guangdong Province, China
Authors: He Xiao-Yan , wen YanTan , Guo Li-Li , Ji Ying-Ying , Jia Fu-Jun , Wang Shi-Bing
Published: January 2024

Background.
The study aims to understanding the levels of mental health literacy among residents of Guangdong Province, the first major province in China, and its influencing factors is crucial. Such understanding will serve as a solid foundation for mental health promotion initiatives and enhancing the overall mental health literacy levels among residents across the province.
Method
A multi-stage stratified equal-volume random sampling method was adopted in October-December 2022 to select permanent residents aged 18 years and above in Guangdong Province for the questionnaire survey, which consisted of a general demographic information questionnaire and a national mental health literacy questionnaire. Rao-Scott χ test with correction based on sampling design, independent samples t-test and binary multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
A total of 51744 individuals completed the questionnaire, including 31822 (61.4%) urban residents and 19200 (38.6%) rural residents. The rate of achievement of mental health literacy was 13.6% among urban residents, which was significantly higher compared to the rate of 8.6% among rural residents. Logistic regression analysis showed that being female, having an education level of 12 years or higher, being mental worker, being a retiree, having a higher monthly household income, maintaining a regular diet, and using electronic products for 2–6 hours per day were all protective factors for mental health literacy attainment in urban residents, while having chronic diseases, being a smoker, having a history of drinking, and being were identified as risk factors in urban residents. Among in rural residents, being married, being younger, having an education level of 12 years or higher, being mental worker and using electronic products for 2–6 hours per day, maintaining a regular diet, and engaging in regular exercise were protective factors for achieving mental health literacy. Additionally, previous smoking was identified as a risk factor.
Conclusion
The study revealed a low level of mental health literacy among urban and rural residents of Guangdong Province, with a significant disparity between the two areas. These findings highlight the need for continuing efforts to increase the dissemination of mental health knowledge in rural communities and improve levels of mental health literacy.
Pesticide labels do not effectively communicate toxicity risks
Authors: Hosni Hanin , Segovia Michelle , Zhao Shuoli , Palma Marco A , Skevas Theodoros
Published: January 2024

We show consumers inadvertently misperceive the risk associated with over-the-counter pesticides under the current labeling policy. Through an incentivized framed field experiment with eye tracking, we evaluate the effectiveness of existing pesticide labels that convey risk using signal words, finding they are ineffective in communicating toxicity information. We introduce two novel label display formats using traffic light colors and a skull intensity symbol and show that the new pictorial labels perform better than the existing signal word label in terms of consumers identifying the appropriate level of toxicity. Specifically, consumers’ correct assessment of toxicity level dramatically improves from 56% under the existing signal word label to 88% under the traffic light and 87% under the skull intensity symbol labels. We also find that participants are more likely to choose less toxic alternatives under the new labels, suggesting the current labeling system may have unintended adverse effects to human health.
Predicting two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants using multimodal structural brain magnetic resonance imaging with local connectivity: A machine learning approach
Authors: Jang Yong Hun , Ham Jusung , Kasani Payam Hosseinzadeh , Kim Hyuna , Lee Joo Young , Lee Gang Yi , Kim Bung-Nyun , Lee Hyun Ju
Published: January 2024

Determine brain structural networks in extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks), very-to-late preterm (V-LP; ≥28 and < 37 weeks), and all preterm infants at term-equivalent age. Predict 2-year neurodevelopmental scores using multimodal predictors. Prospective cross-sectional study with MRI and diffusion MRI on 61 EP and 131 V-LP infants. Constructed a multimodal feature set through volumetric and structural network analysis. Linear and nonlinear machine learning models used for predicting Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) scores, assessing predictive power and feature importance. Prediction models, incorporating local connectivity features, demonstrated high predictive performance for cognitive scores in preterm (RMSE 13.352; variance explained 17%) and V-LP (RMSE 11.205; variance explained 17%) infants. For motor scores, models with local connectivity features had the highest predictive performance for EP (RMSE 11.363; variance explained 15%). A model with only local connectivity features showed high predictive performance for language scores in preterm infants (RMSE 11.792; variance explained 15%). BSID-III prediction performance and feature importance varied across preterm groups, emphasizing the efficacy of multimodal feature sets with local connectivity. Leveraging machine learning in this context enhances our understanding of microstructural alterations and their link to neurodevelopmental outcomes, facilitating risk stratification.
Tumor size does not affect overall survival of patients undergoing resection for a single hepatocellular carcinoma without microscopic vascular invasion.
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Kuo Fang-Ying , Eng Hock-Liew , Liu Yueh-Wei , Yong Chee-Chien , Wang Chih-Chi , Li Wei-Feng , Lin Chih-Yun
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Whether tumor size affects the survival of patients undergoing liver resection (LR) for a single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without microscopic vascular invasion (MVI), i.e., pathological T1N0M0, is controversial. We aimed to clarify this issue.
Methods
We enrolled 626 patients with HCC of pathological stage T1N0M0 of the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer staging who underwent LR between 2011 and 2021 at our institution. The overall survival (OS) of patients with T1N0M0 HCC > 5.0 cm and those with T1N0M0 HCC ≤ 5.0 cm was compared using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank test both before and after propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
Ninety-two (14.7%) patients had T1N0M0 HCC > 5.0 cm. The proportion of patients with cirrhosis was lower in the T1N0M0 HCC > 5.0 cm group than in the T1N0M0 HCC ≤ 5.0 cm group (16.3% vs 41.2%, p < 0.001). The former also had a lower proportion of patients showing anti-HCV positivity than the latter (17.4% vs 33.9%, p = 0.002). Five-year OS did not differ significantly between the two groups before PSM (82% vs 84%, p = 0.857) or after PSM (82% vs 92%, p = 0.274).
Conclusion
Tumor size did not affect the OS of patients undergoing LR for T1N0M0 HCC.
Donkey-like kirkovirus is associated with diarrhea in piglets
Authors: Tong Panpan , Wang Zunbao , Dang Yueyi , Zhang Lei , Song Guangwei , Song Xiaozhen , Pan Juanjuan , Kuang Ling , Li Junhui , Lu Gang , Xie Jinxin
Published: January 2024

Kirkovirus (kirV), a seemingly novel virus family, has been found in horses and donkeys. The objectives of the study intend to investigate the presence of the virus in swine. In this study, donkey-like kirV was detected in rectal swabs of piglets with diarrhea, and the positive rate was found to be 100% (149/149), however this virus was detected in only one of 261 clinically healthy piglets, which suggested a strong relationship between the kirV and the diarrheic disease. We obtained the whole-genome sequences of three kirVs (named Cj-D5, Cj-D32 and Cj-D43), with length of 3750 nt and sharing 99.9% nucleotide (nt)-identity with donkey kirVs. Furthermore, the three viruses shared 88.5–100%, and 23–51% of the Rep protein sequence identity with available reference strains of the families Kirkoviridae, Circoviridae, respectively. Moreover, like horse and donkey kirVs, RCR domain and P-loop NTPase domains of Rep protein and nonanucleotide motif (CAATATTAC), of the three viruses, were similar to those of Circoviruses and Cycloviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses could be potentially grouped together with members in the proposed family Kirkoviridae. This is the first report to describe that kirV can circulate in piglets with diarrhea and future studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis of this virus.
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and Vascular adhesion molecule-1 profile in uncomplicated malaria cases in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Igbasi Uche Thecla , Oyibo Wellington A.
Published: January 2024

Objectives: High levels of endothelial activation markers have been reported mostly in severe malaria cases and associated with several malaria syndromes following Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes sequestration into blood vessels of deep tissues and organs. Data on their roles in uncomplicated malaria is scarce. This study evaluated levels of vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in uncomplicated malaria and their relationship with host factors.
Results: Mean levels of ICAM-1 (1.03x106±20689.2 pg/ml) and median level of VCAM-1 (1.11x106 pg/ml, range 3,725-6,273,725 pg/ml) were both significantly increased in malaria cases compared to the malaria negative group (p<0.01). The geometric mean parasite density was 11,183 parasites /μl, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels did not correlate with parasite density, p=0.125, p=0.945; r=0.138, r=0.006 respectively. Mean PCV was significantly lower (P=0.042) in malaria positive cases than negative cases. A negative correlation was seen between ICAM-1 and PCV (r = -0.167, p =0.026; VCAM-1) and PCV (r=-0.173, p = 0.021). However, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were negatively associated with age (r =-0.314, p= 0.000; r = -0.160, p=0.033) respectively. This study showed increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in uncomplicated malaria, an indication of endothelial activation, which plays a significant role in malaria pathogenesis.
Experimental study of Three-Nucleon Dynamics in the dp breakup reaction
Authors: Barbara Barbara
Published: January 2024

The data analysis is in progress with the aim to determine the differential cross sections for the 1H(d,pp)n breakup reaction at four deuteron beam energies between 300 and 400 MeV. The data havebeen measured with the use of the WASA detector at COSY-Jülich. This work is focused on the beam energy of 380 MeV (190 MeV/nucleon). Set of proton-proton coincidences registered at the Forward Detector is analysed on a dense grid of kinematic variables. The one of the main steps of the analysis is efficiency study. Their impact on the final accuracy of the result is discussed.
Is a talented employee happy? - Talent and life satisfaction among European team workers
Authors: Talik Wieslaw , Wiechetek Michal
Published: January 2024

This article presents a study of employees in small and medium-sized companies, specifically team members, in terms of their talent and life satisfaction. The main objective of the research was to assess the specific links between talent and life satisfaction in employees from five European countries. The study surveyed 298 individuals from Belgium (N = 69), Cyprus (N = 52), the Czech Republic (N = 61), Poland (N = 54), and the UK (N = 62) using the Satisfaction With Life Scale - SWLS (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) and the ComTal-Team Member test (Talik, Wiechetek, & Dean, 2018), an electronic tool that measures the components of talent: competence, commitment, and contribution. Employees of small and medium-sized companies show a positive correlation between talent and life satisfaction. Differences in talent components and dimensions exist among team members from different European countries.
GuardianAI: Smart Intrusion Detection for Modern Threats
Authors: SAIRAJKUMAR MAJETI
Published: January 2024

Finding and stopping breaches is now essential in the rapidly evolving world of cybersecurity. This work involves a range of machine learning algorithms for intrusion detection systems (IDS) as well as a detailed examination and use of sophisticated feature engineering techniques. The study enhances intrusion detection's accuracy and efficacy to counteract the ever-changing nature of cyber threats. We handle missing values, encode categorical characteristics, and prepare and balance datasets as part of our strategy. By examining them, one can have a thorough understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of several machine learning models, including Decision Trees, Random Forests, Naive Bayes, and XGBoost, in the context of intrusion detection. Furthermore, we provide a novel approach that combines Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) with Random Forests to show how well it maintains high classification accuracy while reducing dimensionality. We test the models on a publically available dataset, and we meticulously evaluate the models based on key performance metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and training time. A comparison analysis of the models makes it clear if they are suitable for real-world application.
Our findings indicate that the XGBoost classifier outperforms other models when paired with a well-selected feature set. This demonstrates how well the model detects common intrusions as well as backdoors. In addition, the Random Forest Classifier with RFE modifications exhibits potential as a feature selection technique, offering a balance between accuracy and computational economy. The work adds to the body of knowledge on intrusion detection and provides cybersecurity experts and system developers with valuable information. The strategy being offered offers a reliable and adaptable means of fending off the always changing cyberthreats, thereby bolstering the ongoing effort to fortify digital systems against malicious activity. This work highlights the importance of combining state-of-the-art feature engineering approaches with intricate machine learning algorithms to produce robust and effective cybersecurity defenses, laying a solid foundation for future advancements in intrusion detection.
Augmenting Large Language Models for Enhanced Interaction with Government Data Repositories
Authors: Trust Paul , Omala Kizito , Minghim Rosane
Published: January 2024

In the modern digital landscape, government agencies globally are shifting services online to enhance transparency and public engagement. However, the vast digital content can be daunting for citizens seeking information. Addressing this, our research evaluates the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, in the public sector, highlighting their potential in extracting relevant insights and optimizing information navigation. Our approach integrates non-parametric data from various sources focusing on information posted on three irish websites; the government publications, health services, and the Citizens Information websites, using retrieval-augmented models. Empirical evaluations show that the llama2 model, with $13$ billion parameters, achieves up to 90% for government publication releases and up to 96.12% for health information enhancement when complemented with retrieval augmentation, with other models also showing substantial improvements. These results emphasize the transformative potential of retrieval-augmented frameworks in keeping LLMs updated with the evolving public information domain.