bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF BILE DUCT IN EXPERIMENTAL GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST DISEASE ACROSS MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY BARRIERS
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Koizumi Hiroshi , Yoshida Kazuharu , Ohta Goroku
Published: January 2009

Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) across minor histocompatibility antigens was developed in mice and the bile duct lesions were surveyed for up to 7.5 months after spleen and bone marrow cell transplantation. Lymphoid cell infiltration was evident by day 3, reached maximum at 2 weeks, then reduced gradually and persisted during the observation period. Fibrous expansion of the portal tracts paralleled with the time after transplantation, but none of the cases progressed into liver cirrhosis. The infiltrates abutted the interlobular and septal bile ducts and distorted their apperance with a frequent infiltration of mononuclear lymphoid cells into the duct epithelial layer. The duct epithelium showed a variety of degenerative and hyperplastic changes, including nuclear enlargement with anisonucleosis, nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic and nuclear darkness, cytoplasmic vacuolization, focal epithelial dropout, formation of apoptotic bodies, and micropapillary Infolding. Disappearance of the bile ducts and formation of granuloma around the bile ducts were not seen. Immunocytochemical study revealed the exclusive preponderance of helper/ inducer T cells in the portal infiltrates and marked expression of I‐A antigen on the bile duct epithelium in GVHD mice. These results suggest that immunological mechanisms by helper/inducer T cells against minor histocompatibility antigen on bile duct epithelium in association with class II molecules of MHC are important in the pathogenesis of the bile duct lesions. A putative role of such lymphocytes is discussed.
MULTICENTRIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA FOLLOWING PHOSPHATE DIETHYLSTILBESTROL THERAPY FOR PROSTATIC CANCER
Authors: Endo Hisako , Murakami Toshikazu , Nishimoto Ikuo , Serine Imao , Yokoyama Masao
Published: January 2009

This paper reports an autopsy case of a 78‐year‐old male with multiple nodules in the liver developed after longtermed administration of phosphate diethylstilbestrol (PDES) for prostatic cancer. Large part of these nodules were suspected to be well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma with high level of serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) up to 3,400 ng/ml, but a part of them was evaluated to be a borderline between hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma with mild cellular atypism. The liver other than the nodules showed liver fibrosis associated with liver cell dysplasia and peliosis hepatis‐like change. This is a unique autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma closely related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) therapy for prostatic cancer.
SYSTEMIC AMYLOID ARTHROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Kurashima Chieri , Hirokawa Katsuiku , Kato Kotaro , Shimada Hiroyuki , Esaki Yukiyoshi , Miwa Tetsuyoshi , Mori Mayumi
Published: January 2009

This is the first report of an autopsy case of systemic amyloid arthropathy associated with multiple myeloma in Japan. The patient was a 72‐year‐old male who had been suffering from multiple myeloma (IgA‐lambda) with extensive arthropathy of the systemic joints. Autopsy examination revealed severe deposit of amyloid in the articular cavities of the systemic joints showing a feature of amyloidoma. Furthermore, numerous amyloid deposits were found in the wall of small blood vessels in the major organs. In the bone marrow, there were many atypical plasma cells and foamy cells both showing positive reaction for IgA and lambda light chain. No such atypical cells were observed in the other organs except for the bone marrow.
INTER‐ and INTRA‐PATHOLOGIST VARIABILITY IN HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSES OF LUNG CANCER
Authors: Haratake Joji , Home Akio , Tokudome Shinkan , Era Shoichi , Fujii Hideharu , Kawachi Jitsuyo , Miyamoto Yuichi , Suko Shuji , Tokunaga Masayoshi , Tsuji Koichi , Ikeda Masato , Kuratsune Masanori
Published: January 2009

To estimate variability and reliability in histologic diagnosis (Dx) of lung cancers, lung cancer preparations were divided into eight equal sets and diagnosed independently by an eight‐man pathology panel. Majority Dx (Dx affirmed by more than 4 panelists) was regarded as the consensus Dx of each cancer. The consensus rate of each panelist ranged from 78.8% to 96.1% with an average of 89.4%. The consensus rates were not significantly different among the panelists. Relatively high inter‐pathologist agreement was observed in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. However, regarding large cell carcinoma, there was occasional disagreement among the panelists. Forty‐seven cancers were reexamined by the same panelists, with no preliminary announcement, 7 months after the first examination to study the intra‐pathologist agreement. The rate of the intra‐pathologist agreement ranged from 76.6% to 93.3%. Dx of large cell carcinoma was the most intra‐changeable. It was concluded that the histologic Dx of large cell carcinoma was the most inter‐ and intra‐changeable, and the most frequent dissenting Dx from it was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1053–1060, 1987.
PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE SMALL INTESTINE WITH EMPHASIS ON MICROVILLOUS DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Yamashina Motoaki
Published: January 2009

A detailed ultrastructural study was made of 12 primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine. A comparative analysis of microvilli Identified three characteristic features in various proportions on the apical tumor cell surface. These were; 1) “long rootlets,” which are long intravillous filamentous cores penetrating into the cytoplasm and identical to those observed in colonic adenocarcinoma; 2) a regular arrangement of uniform microvilli similar to the brush border of normal intestinal epithelium; and 3) sparse rudimentary microvillous structures. Because of the rarity of adenocarcinoma in the small intestine no previous study defined these ultrastructural characteristics. The results of the present study suggest that the diverse ultrastructural findings may be related to different stages of tumor cell maturation and that the neoplastic state may increase the variation and range of microvillous differentiation regardless of capacity of mucin secretion by the tumor cells. For diagnostic purposes, brush borders as well as two other microvillous features may serve to identify adenocarcinoma of mucosal origin of the small Intestine, if an ultrastructural study discloses these three features. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1061–1070, 1987.
NECROTIZING LYMPHADENITIS Electron Microscopical and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Asano Shigeyuki , Kanno Hiromu , Tominaga Kunihiko , Muramatstj Takao , Nozawa Yoshihiro , Akaike Yasushi , Segami Hideo , Wakasa Haruki
Published: January 2009

Seven cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis (NEL) including a pair of male siblings, a female suffering from non‐bacterial meningitis, and two cases with the proliferation of monocytes and/or macrophages in the bone marrow are reported. This disease is clinically documented by the occurrence in young adults usually accompanied by painful cervical lymphadenopathy with fever and leukopenia (below 4,000/mm3). Morphological features were characterized by nuclear debris from degenerated lymphocytes and the appearance of blastoid cells and/or immunoblasts and macrophages. Ultrastructurally, tubular Inclusions with a close relation to the endoplasmic reticulum were observed in various kinds of cells in the lesion. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the ratio of helper/suppressor T‐lymphocytes became low at the active stage and returned to normal range at the recovery stage. By immunohistochemical study it was confirmed that suppressor cells mainly corresponded to large transformed lymphocytes and/or immunoblasts and helper cells were degenerated by an unknown agent. Though the pathogenesis of NEL is still uncertain, it is suggested that T‐lymphocytes are mainly involved during the course of the disease and lymphocytes show cellular debris or blastoid transformation. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1071–1084, 1987.
FOLLICLE STRUCTURE‐DEPENDENCY OF THYROGLOBULIN and THYROXIN STAINING IN THE THYROID GLANDS OF GRAVES' DISEASE
Authors: Aiba Motohiko , Hirayama Akira , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Ito Yukio , Obara Takao , Fujimoto Yoshihide
Published: January 2009

H.E. morphology of the thyroid glands from 170 patients with Graves' disease was studied, and the thyroid follicles were classified into two main groups: (1) F pattern, in which the follicles show circle/ellipse on cut sections; (2) P pattern, in which the follicular epithelium protrudes into the lumen or a follicle, is accompanied by proliferation of tubular or microfollicular structures. Studies on three serial sections of 88 thyroid glands stained with hematoxylin and eosin, thyroglobulin (TG), and thyroxin (T4), respectively, revealed the followings: (i) TG/T4 staining is dependent on the follicle structure (i.e., F or P; while the epithelium and colloid including scalloped vesicles in F follicles generally exhibited a direct relationship between TG and T4 staining, those in P follicles often showed an intense TG, but negative T4 staining, (ii) The results of morphological and immunohistochemical studies of P follicles among the cases are consistent with the view that P follicles are in the process of proliferation of immature daughter follicles from a main follicle and of their maturation, (iii) P follicles of Graves' thyroid glands were evaluated as possible non‐neoplastic counterparts of well‐differentiated folicular and papillary tumors. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1085–1095, 1987.
HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF COLONIC TYPE MUCIN IN GLANDULAR METAPLASIA and ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE HUMAN URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Hasegawa Ryohei , Fukushima Shoji , Hirose Masao , Seki Kenji , Takahashi Michihito , Furukawa Fumio , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Ito Nobuyuki
Published: January 2009

Mucin in normal, metaplastic and neoplastic tissue specimens of the human urinary bladder was examined histochemically by the periodic acid‐borohydride/potassium hydroxide/periodic acid‐Schiff (PB/KOH/PAS) reaction and paradoxical concanavalin A (Con A) staining, both of which have been reported to detect mucins that are specific for the lower gastrointestinal tract. Normal mucosa, Brunn's nest, squamous metaplasia, transitional cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma produced only small amount of mucin and were negative for both PB/KOH/PAS and labile class III by Con A staining. However, several sections of mucin‐producing metaplastic bladder lesions and many samples of adenocarcinoma arising from vesical mucosa and urachus contained PB/KOH/PAS‐positive and/or labile class III mucin. Thus the colonic type mucin appeared in some materials of both benign and malignant mucin‐producing lesions of the urinary bladder. The findings would be related to the embryogenesis of this organ.
A STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF ACUTE HEPATIC NECROSIS FOLLOWING PARTIAL RESECTION OF THE LIVER
Authors: Shirai Mutsunori , Shiga Junji , Mori Wataru
Published: January 2009

Endotoxin was injected intravenously into rats 48 hours after 70% he‐patectomy. The remaining hepatic tissue demonstrated marked hemorrhagic necrosis in high frequency. However, hepatic lesions were slight in other groups such as the group in which heparin was administered simultaneously with injection of endotoxin 48 hours after 70% hepatectomy and the group in which endotoxin was injected 10 days after 70% hepatectomy. Difining of this marked necrosis to be a univisceral Shwartzman reaction in the liver may be justified from (i) conformity of experimental manipulations to those employed in the Shwartzman reaction, (ii) macroscoplcal as well as histological evidence, (iii) formation of microthrombl in hepatic lesions, (iv) inhibition of occurrence of the reaction by heparin, and (v) absence of any remarkable change in other organs. We concluded that the hepatic regenerative state might correspond theoretically to a state of preparedness for the Shwartzman reaction.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST SYNTHESIZED SHORT PEPTIDES CORRESPONDING TO HUMAN AA AMYLOID PROTEIN
Authors: Yokota Tadaaki , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Takahashi Mutsuo , Yamashita Yoshimi , Kawano Hiroo , Fujinaga Yoshihiro , Uchino Fumiya , Hanai Nobuo , Yoshida Hajime , Honda Shinkichi , Sato Moriyuki , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: January 2009

Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were raised against the synthesized short peptides corresponding to37–47 residues in amino acid sequence of human AA protein. The McAbs reacted immunohistochemically to amyloid tissues from cow, mouse, swan, and human AA amyloidosis. We concluded that the McAbs were useful for identification of AA type amyloidosis of various species, and that the37–47 residues were effective antigenic sites in AA protein. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1135–1142, 1987.
ANTI‐GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON ADULT RATS
Authors: Aoyama Hiromu , Mori Natsuko , Mori Wataru
Published: January 2009

To extend our previous experiment on anti‐glucocortlcoid effects of melatonin which was performed under a very special condition using young rats, we have carried out another experiment of long term administration of pineal hormone melatonin to adult female rats which were conditioned by overdose glucocorticoid. The results clearly demonstrated significant protection, by melatonin, from the injurious effects of a glucocorticoid, dexameth‐asone: decrease of body weight gain, atrophy of the thymus and adrenals, and elevation of the level of total cholesterol in blood. Thus, it has been clarified that anti‐glucocorticoid effects of melatonin could be shown experimentally not only in young rats but also in adults, and also, could be really seen not only in short term experiment but also in longer ones. Anti‐glucocorticoid effects of melatonin seem to be of considerably wide range, not being limited to occur under a special condition, including the age of animals, in experiments.
MALIGNANT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA AS A PELVIC MASS
Authors: Fukayama Masashi , Takizawa Touichiro , Koike Morio , Mori Takeo , Matsui Takane
Published: January 2009

We reported herein an unusual presentation of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma which appeared as a solid pelvic tumor in a 73‐year‐old man. The solid tumor was confined in the pelvic cavity, except for one tiny disseminated nodule on the mesocolon. The pelvic tumor was resected with whole pelvic organs en bloc. Histologically, the tumor consisted of tubular and sarcomatous structures, suggesting the biphasic malignant mesothelioma. One of the transplanted tumors in athymic mice was cystic and its histology had striking similarities to cystic mesothelioma. Transplantation of human neoplasms to athymic mice may be able to reproduce histological diversity of the tumor, even if it is not fully expressed in the original tumor. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1149–1156, 1987.
PRIMARY MUCIN‐PRODUCING ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Mizukami Yuji , Matsubara Fujitsugu , Hashimoto Takuma , Terahata Shintaro , Noto Hirofumi , Noguchi Masakuni , Michigishi Takatoshi
Published: January 2009

A rare case of mucin‐producing adenosquamous carcinoma of the thyroid gland is reported in a 57‐year‐old woman. Light microscopically, much of the tumor showed a feature of mucin‐producing adenosquamous carcinoma; squamous cells and mucous signet ring cells. In the lower portion of the tumor, a calcified area containing small foci of follicular carcinoma and its squamous cell metaplasia was accompanied. Histochemically, neutral, non‐sulphated and sulphated acid mucins were found in the mucous cells, and no thyroglobulin or calcitonin was detected in the tumor cells. Electron microscopically, some tonofibrils and mucin production were observed concomitantly in the tumor cells. These findings suggested the possibility that this mucin‐producing adenosquamous carcinoma originated from squamous cell metaplasia of pre‐existing follicular carcinoma. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 1157 ‐1164, 1987.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA IN THE PANCREAS
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Yoshino Tadashi , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Sonobe Hiroshi , Kohno Katsuaki , Akagi Tadaatsu
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of extremely rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the pancreas in a 58‐year‐old male was reported. The main tumor in the pancreatic tail associated with wide‐spreading metastases, was histologically composed of squamous cancer cell nests Intermingled with mucin‐containing cells, but not true glandular structures except for metastatic foci in the liver. Electron microscopic findings of the main tumor revealed roughly three kinds of cancer cells, namely undifferentiated cells, squamous cells, and squamous cells with mucin‐containing intracytoplasmic lumina, accompanied by variety of transitional forms. The mucin was similar to that of the intra‐or interlobular duct epithelium of pancreas in mucin stains. Immunohistochemically, positive immune reaction of the cancer cells was observed by anti‐keratin, ‐epithelial membrane antigen and ‐carcinoembryonic antigen sera. These findings suggested that the cancer cells originated from undifferentiated cells of pancreatic duct, which showed multipotency to differentiate predominantly into squamous cells, but also into mucin‐producing cells. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:1175–1182, 1987.
MALIGNANT BRENNER TUMOR WITH PERITONEAL METASTASIS
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Sonobe Hiroshi , Ohtsuki Yuji , Yoshino Tadashi , Tsutsumi Akira , Taguchi Kohji , Fujimori Teruyoshi
Published: January 2009

A case of malignant Brenner tumor with peritoneal metastasis in a 67‐year‐old woman was reported. The multilocular cystic tumor of right ovary was 420 g in weight, and their cystic walls were covered with multilayered tumor cells showing papillary pattern very frequently. The tumor was histologically transitional cell carcinoma with occasional glandular structures but no squamous differentiation corresponding to grade 2 or 3 urinary bladder carcinoma. The pattern of benign Brenner tumor was not Identified, but there was some area of proliferating Brenner tumor. Immunohistochemically, carcinoembryonic antigen was detected in several tumor cells, especially in the intercellular spaces among them, and cytokeratin was detected only in some tumor cells. Ultrastructurallly, the malignant Brenner tumor shared many common features with the benign one and also bladder tumor. Intercellular spaces with microvilli were frequently found and thought to be important for diagnosis. The morphologic criteria of this rare tumor are discussed.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL and ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON HISTIOCYTOSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Wakuya Jun
Published: January 2009

Thirty‐four cases of eosinophilic granulomas, 18 cases of diffuse histiocytosis‐X, 2 cases of Letterer‐Siwe‐like syndrome with immunodeficiency, 4 cases of malignant histiocytosis and virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome were studied. On paraffin section, S100 protein, lysozyme, alpha‐1‐anti‐trypsin, alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, Transferrin, Ferritin, peanuts agglutinin, Concanavalin‐A, and dolichos biflorus associated antigen were stained by the immunoperoxidase method. In a few fresh materials, T‐cell subpopulation by use of monoclonal antibodies (OKT‐3, 4, 6, and OK‐M1) was examined by the immunoperoxidase method. Two types of Langerhans' cells were found, one is positive for Ferritin and alpha‐2‐macroglobulin in diffuse histiocytosis‐X cells, and another is negative for them in both eosinophilic granulomas. Diffuse histiocytosis‐X cell resembled the transformed type of Langerhans cell more than eosinophilic granuloma cells in cellular differentiation. It seemed that the term prolangerhans' cell proliferation disorder might be responsible for It. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:901–913, 1987.
PRIMARY LIVER CELL CARCINOMA New Insight for a More Correct Approach to its Classification
Authors: Grigioni W.F. , D'Errico A. , Biagini G. , Villanacci V. , Mazziotti A. , Liotta L.A. , Garbisa S. , Mancini A.M.
Published: January 2009

Hepatocellular carcinomas, cholangiocellular carcinomas, and “indeterminate” forms have been studied by immunohistochemical detection of several antigens: a‐fetoprotein and CEA, as well as type IV collagen, laminin, and keratin. While the first two antigens were variably detectable in different samples, in the poorly differentiated areas of hepatocellular carcinoma type IV collagen and laminin were both absent. These basement membrane glycoproteins constantly surrounded the cholangiocellular carcinoma tubular structures and were always present in those areas of the “indeterminate” group where the cells were organized as pseudoglandular or ductular aggregates. Keratin was absent in all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, was variably detectable in the “indeterminate” neoplasms and was always present in cholangiocellular tumors. The neoplasias with mixed histopathological features usually showed morphological and biochemical biliary differentiation at the periphery, in contact with the collagenous stroma. We postulate that in some cases hepatocarcinoma cells undergo metaplastic transformation giving rise to cholangiocellular forms. Type IV collagen, laminin, and keratin seem to be accurate markers of phenotypical differentiation and show that a continuous phenotypical spectrum exists between hepatocellular and cholangiocellular entities. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37:929–940, 1987.
IMMUNOLOGICAL HOMOGENEITY OF LAFORA BODY, CORPORA AMYLACEA, BASOPHILIC DEGENERATION IN HEART, and INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSIONS OF LIVER and HEART IN TYPE IV GLYCOGENOSIS
Authors: Yokota Tadaaki , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Kawano Hiroo , Yamashita Yoshimi , Takahashi Mutsuo , Uchino Fumiya , Kamei Toshiaki , Kusunose Yukihiro , Yamada Michio , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: January 2009

Antisera against Lafora bodies were made in rabbits by subcutaneous injection of the myocardium from a patient died of Lafora disease. Using this antisera, immunohistochemistry revealed that corpora amylacea, the basophilic degeneration of myocardium and deposits of type IV glycogenosis contained the materials which were antigenically common to Lafora bodies.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON SMALL RENAL CELL CARCINOMAS WITH METASTASES
Authors: Aizawa Shigeo , Suzuki Masafumi , Kikuchi Yasushi , Nikaido Takashi , Matsumoto Kenji
Published: January 2009

Seven metastasizing small renal cell carcinomas smaller than 30 mm in the greatest diameter were clinicopathologically studied for a better understanding of their characteristic features as compared to those of small tumors without metastases. Grayish‐white infiltrating tumors in gross appearance and alveolar or solid microscopic structure consisting of granular or spindle cells and of atypical nuclei were suggestive of having metastases. Two tumors which had positive reactions to the lower nephron markers such as SB A, PNA, and/or DBA were considered to be of lower nephron origin and displayed poor prognosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 37: 947–954, 1987.
CARCINOMA WITH SIGNET RING CELLS OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Takubo Kaiyo , Takai Atsushi , Yamashita Kiyohiko , Onda Masahiko
Published: January 2009

A 55‐year‐old man with carcinoma with signet ring cells of the esophagus is described. The results of morphological examination are presented, and the classification and histogenesis of this rare tumor are discussed. Morphological examinations revealed this tumor to be composed of squamous, mucous‐positive and signet ring cells. The signet ring cell had an intracyto‐plastic microcyst and bundles of tonofllaments. These findings suggested that the signet ring cell was an intermediate form of squamous and adenocarcinoma cells. The findings for these three components indicated that the tumor was a kind of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Histological findings suggested this tumor's development originated from the esophageal mucosal epithelium.
EXFOLIATIVE CYTOPATHOLOGY OF ALVEOLAR RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Authors: Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Tanaka Takuji , Kanai Nobuyuki , Kato Kazuo , Mori Hideki , Takahashi Masayoshi
Published: January 2009

Exfoliative cytopathology of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is presented. A 34‐year‐old male was found to have alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the retroperitoneum at autopsy. Ascites was recognized in the course of this disease. Cytological features in the ascites were characterized by relatively small‐sized ovoid cells observed singly or in loose clusters. The neoplastic cells possessed small amount of rather vesicular cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus. The nucleus characteristically revealed multiple deep indentations in the nuclear membrane, a few prominent eosinophilic nucleoli and finely granular or evenly distributed chromatin pattern. These cytological findings, especially the nuclear features, might be useful to differentiate alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma from other neoplasms which consist of relatively small‐sized ovoid cells even if the striated muscle origin cannot be confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining.
MALIGNANT GANGLIOGLIOMA OF THE SPINAL CORD
Authors: Kitano Motoo , Takayama Shojiro , Nagao Tatsuro , Yoshimura Osamu
Published: January 2009

A case of tumor of the spinal cord with a long clinical history was described. At autopsy, the tumor was composed of a mixture of two elemental cells, i.e. matured but neoplastic ganglionic cells and anaplastic glial cells. The clinical manifestations suggested that the tumor in this case developed in a benign form with malignant evolution occurring during the latter part of its clinical course. The malignant evolution, however, was due to aggressive and anaplastic growth only of the elemental glial cells, while the cytologic features of the elemental ganglionic cells remained always benign.
VENTRICULO‐CORONARY MICRO‐COMMUNICATIONS IN PULMONARY ATRESIA and SEQUENTIAL CHANGES OF CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Yokose Tomoyuki , Doi Mikio , Kimura Yuji , Ogata Takesaburo
Published: January 2009

In the present paper, numerous micro‐communications between myocardial sinusoids and small branches of coronary arteries are studied which existed in a rudimentary right ventricle of a female neonate with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum, who was born on the 40th week of gestation. Cardioangiography revealed a large fistulous subepicardial communication. At autopsy, myocardium of the right ventricle appeared spongy with extensive sinusoid slits. In addition to the large communication which was connecting a deeply extending sinusoid of the right ventricle to the main trunk of the anterior descending artery, numerous micro‐communications were found between myocardial sinusoids in the rudimentary right ventricle and intramural small branches of the coronary artery. Furthermore, mor‐phometrical analysis demonstrated that the medias of the intramural arteries in both ventricles of the present case were significantly hypertrophic, as compared with those in the control cases without communications (p<0.05). These facts indicate the significance of hemodynamic factors on the persistence of embryonic sinusoid‐coronary communication.
BILE DUCTAL AND DUCTULAR CHANGES OF THE LIVERS IN THE RENAL ALLOGRAFTED PATIENTS
Authors: Wakabayashi Tomo , Mori Shigeo , Pastolero Jemma , Sugimura Haruhiko
Published: January 2009

Nine liver biopsies from six renal allografted patients suffering from liver injury were examined by light and electron microscope and immunostaining. The patients had never been on liver dysfunction prior to renal transplantation and after renal transplanatation had been administered azathioprine continuously. These patients had shown HBs antigen negative sera. Three of these patients restored normal liver function after withdrawal of azathioprine. Accordingly, the liver diseases of the three were supposedly caused by azathioprine. The liver biopsies of six patients were histologically diagnosed as follows: chronic active hepatitis with severe cholestasis (1 patient), liver cirrhosis with cholestasis (1 patient), acute hepatitis (1 patient), and mild hepatitis (3 patients). The common pathological findings of six patients were degeneration of interlobular bile ducts and ductules, as well as degeneration of liver cells, and mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration of portal tracts and sinusoids. The degeneration of bile ductal and ductular cells were classified into two types: light microscopical finding showed vacuolar or eosinophilic cytoplasm and electron microscopic compatible findings showed hydropic cytoplasm scant of free ribosome and organelles, or dense cytoplasm rich in free ribosome and degenerated organelles. The basement membranes of interlobular bile ducts and ductules were always preserved.
ARGYROPHIL, NON‐ARGENTAFFIN CARCINOIDS OF THE APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies
Authors: Iwafuchi Mitsuya , Watanabe Hidenobu , Kijima Hiroshi , Ajioka Yoichi , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ito Seiki
Published: January 2009

Five argyrophil, non‐ argentaffin classical carcinoids of the appendix were found in 19 appendiceal classical carcinoids and were investigated histo‐chemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. All tumors consisted entirely of argyrophil cells. Three of the five carcinoids were composed almost totally of peptide YY cells and were negative for serotonin. One of them consisted of peptide YY cells (60%), somatostatin cells (40%), and a few cells with glucagon‐like immunoreactivity (GLI). The remaining one without peptides was homogeneously immunoreactive for serotonin alone. Ultrastructurally, each of the four peptide‐positive carcinoids was composed of one kind of endocrine cell type with round secretory granules. Average diameter of granules were 150, 160, 190, and 210 nm, respectively. The non‐argentaffln, serotonin‐positive carcinoid showed predominant round secretory granules and a few irregular ones, both being 150 nm in largest diameter. It is suggested that the argyrophil, non‐argentaffln carcinoids of the appendix are subdivided into two groups; carcinoids composed mainly of peptide (especially, peptide YY)‐positive cells with round granules of D, and/or L cell type and those of serotonin‐positive cells with pleomorphic granules of ECn cell type.
COLLAGEN‐PRODUCING MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN ADRIAMYCIN‐INDUCED PLEURITIS IN RAT
Authors: Isoda Kōtarō , Maeda Tamaki , Hamamoto Yūji
Published: January 2009

By the microautoradiographic method using 3H‐proline, collagen production by mesothelial cells was investigated in adriamycin‐induced pleuritis in rats. In subpleural granulation tissue formed at 4 to 7 days after the intrapleural injection of adriamycin, proliferating fibroblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells were most intensely labeled, and abundant deposition of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated about these cells. It is thus concluded that these subpleural mesenchymal cells are mainly responsible for the fibrosing process. Labeling was also observed in some reactive mesothelial cells and macrophages free‐floating in the pleural exudate. Several ultrastructural differences between labeled mesothelial cells floating in the fluid and lining the pleural surface were confirmed, suggesting a change in ability to synthesize collagen during mesothelial desquamation. It seems likely that these labeled mononuclear cells in the effusion, attached to the pleural wound surface, support fibrosis performed by underlying collagen‐synthesizing mesenchymal cells. Pleural fibrosis disappeared by 10 days, when mesothelial regeneration was almost complete. Probably this change may be due to fibrinolytic activity caused by regenerative mesothelial cells derived from subpleural mesenchymal cells.
ALAGILLE'S SYNDROME
Authors: Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Mori Hideki , Takahashi Masayoshi , Ojima Akitsugu , Shimokawa Kuniyasu , Fueuta Tomohiko
Published: January 2009

A male case of Alagille's syndrome associated with a hamartomatous nodule of the liver is described. The patient developed jaundice soon after birth, and was diagnosed as the syndrome with signs such as paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts, pulmonary stenosis and embryotoxon in the cornea at 15 years of age. The liver was examined in recurrent biopsies and other tests. However, no evidence of liver cirrhosis was confirmed until his 15th year. The patient died of hepatic dysfunction when he was 17 years old. At autopsy, a large hamartomatous nodule was found in the liver showing biliary cirrhosis. Morphology of the nodule resembled that of focal nodular hyperplasia. Abnormalities of the large vessels were noted around the liver. Vascular abnormalities were also seen in the mass. The relation of these vascular abnormalities to etiological background of the syndrome and occurrence of the nodular lesion is discussed.
OSTEOCLAST‐LIKE GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE LIVER
Authors: Horie Yutaka , Hori Tatsuaki , Hirayama Chisato , Hashimoto Kimio , Yumoto Toukichi , Tanikawa Kyuichi
Published: January 2009

A 66‐year‐old male with osteoclast‐like giant cell tumor of the liver that arose in the non‐cirrhotlc liver is presented. The liver tests were almost normal, and plasma levels of alpha‐fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen were within normal limits. The findings of liver scan by 99mTc phytate, celiac angiography, and CT scans are described for the first time for this rare neoplasm, showing a large, unresectable liver tumor. Histologically, the tumor mainly consisted of osteoclast‐like giant cells and mononuclear cells, which were focally arranged in a vaguely trabecular pattern and sarcomatous pattern. By an electromicroscopic study, however, no definitive evidence was obtained whether it arose from epithelial cells or nonepithellal cells. Various clinicopathological features were described and compared with previously reported cases including two cases arising in the liver.
BILATERAL OVARIAN HEMANGIOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMATOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Miyauchi Jun , Mukai Makio , Yamazaki Kazuto , Kiso Issei , Higashi Shigeki , Hori Shingo
Published: January 2009

A patient who had disseminated vascular tumors involving the bilateral ovaries, bilateral lungs and pleura, pericardium, and mediastinum is reported. The tumors were histologically of the capillary, and partly the cavernous, type of hemangioma. However, endothelial cell growth was prominent in some areas, especially in the lung, and the histology of the lung tumor resembled epithelioid hemangioendothelioma or intravascular bronchiolo‐alveolar tumor (IVBAT). In the endocardium of the right atrium, an endothelial tumorous projection was observed, and there were tiny foci of tumor cell nests in the abdominal venous wall. Small lymphangiomas were also found in the subcapsular region of the spleen. These findings suggest that there had been an abnormal proliferation of systemic endothelial cells and that tumors of endothelial cell origin with diverse histological patterns developed with this condition as a background. The autopsy finding of fibrin thrombi in multiple organs as well as laboratory data including thrombocytopenia suggest that this case belongs to the “Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome”.
New insights into the metal specificity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine–iron uptake pathway
Authors: Braud Armelle , Hoegy Françoise , Jezequel Karine , Lebeau Thierry , Schalk Isabelle J.
Published: January 2009

Pyoverdine (PvdI) is the major siderophore secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI in order to get access to iron. After being loaded with iron in the extracellular medium, PvdI is transported across the bacterial outer membrane by the transporter, FpvAI. We used the spectral properties of PvdI to show that in addition to Fe3+, this siderophore also chelates, but with lower efficiencies, all the 16 metals used in our screening. Afterwards, FpvAI at the cell surface binds Ag+, Al3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ga3+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ or Zn2+ in complex with PvdI. We used Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry to monitor metal uptake in P. aeruginosa: TonB‐dependent uptake, in the presence of PvdI, was only efficient for Fe3+. Cu2+, Ga3+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ were also transported into the cell but with lower uptake rates. The presence of Al3+, Cu2+, Ga3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ in the extracellular medium induced PvdI production in P. aeruginosa. All these data allow a better understanding of the behaviour of the PvdI uptake pathway in the presence of metals other than iron: FpvAI at the cell surface has broad metal specificity at the binding stage and it is highly selective for Fe3+ only during the uptake process.
New alk genes detected in Antarctic marine sediments
Authors: Kuhn Emanuele , Bellicanta Giovani Sebben , Pellizari Vivian Helena
Published: January 2009

Alkane monooxygenases (Alk) are the key enzymes for alkane degradation. In order to understand the dispersion and diversity of alk genes in Antarctic marine environments, this study analysed by clone libraries the presence and diversity of alk genes (alkB and alkM) in sediments from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Peninsula Antarctica. The results show a differential distribution of alk genes between the sites, and the predominant presence of new alk genes, mainly in the pristine site. Sequences presented 53.10–69.60% nucleotide identity and 50.90–73.40% amino acid identity to alkB genes described in Silicibacter pomeroyi, Gordonia sp., Prauserella rugosa, Nocardioides sp., Rhodococcus sp., Nocardia farcinica, Pseudomonas putida, Acidisphaera sp., Alcanivorax borkumensis, and alkM described in Acinetobacter sp. This is the first time that the gene alkM was detected and described in Antarctic marine environments. The presence of a range of previously undescribed alk genes indicates the need for further studies in this environment.
Phylogeny of babblers (Aves, Passeriformes): major lineages, family limits and classification
Authors: Gelang Magnus , Cibois Alice , Pasquet Eric , Olsson Urban , Alström Per , Ericson Per G. P
Published: January 2009

Babblers, family Timaliidae, have long been subject to debate on systematic position, family limits and internal taxonomy. In this study, we use five molecular regions to estimate the relationships among a large proportion of genera traditionally placed in Timaliidae. We find good support for five main clades within this radiation, and propose a new classification, dividing the babblers into the families Sylviidae and Timaliidae. Within the latter family, four subfamilies are recognized: Zosteropinae, Timaliinae, Pellorneinae and Leiothrichinae. Several taxa, previously not studied with molecular data, are phylogenetically placed within Sylviidae or Timaliidae. This is, however, not the case for the genus Pnoepyga, for which we propose the family name Pnoepygidae fam. n.
Reconciling genealogical and morphological species in a worldwide study of the Family Hydractiniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Miglietta Maria Pia , Schuchert Peter , Cunningham Clifford W.
Published: January 2009

The Hydractiniidae are a family of globally distributed marine hydrozoans (class Hydrozoa, phylum Cnidaria). Despite being one of the most well‐studied families of the Hydrozoa, their genus and species‐level taxonomy is unsettled and disputed. The taxonomic difficulties of the Hydractiniidae are due to many inadequate species descriptions, a paucity of available morphological characters, many cryptic species, and the often‐extreme plasticity seen when colonies of the same species are found at different stages of growth or different environmental conditions. This confusion over species identity is especially important because some species of the family Hydractiniidae are well‐established model organisms for a wide array of studies ranging from gene expression to developmental biology and colony growth. Here we report the species‐level implications of 226 mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S) rDNA sequences from around the world and 52 nuclear DNA sequences (Elongation Factor 1α) with the intent to reconcile described morphospecies with genealogical lineages.

Our data show that Podocoryna carnea and P. exigua are distinct and geographically disjunct species, P. borealis is paraphyletic with respect to Podocoryna sp. from South Africa and P. bella from New Zealand. Podocoryna australis, from New Zealand form a distinct monophyletic group. Podocoryna from New England, New York and Florida all fall into a distinct monophyletic group (P. americana) and fail to support the existence of a distinct, P. selena in the Gulf of Mexico. Hydractinia pruvoti is the only species within the Podocoryna clade without fully formed medusae. We identify a Clava clade closely related to other algae dwelling Hydractiniidae. Our data do not recover Stylactaria inabai from Japan as a distinct species from S. misakiensis, and S. carcinicola as distinct from H. epiconcha. Also, 10 colonies identified as S. carcinicola fall into a distantly related clade that is close to the American S. hooperi. Finally, we identify Janaria mirabilis as the sister group to the H. echinata species complex and clarify the relationships between the H. echinata, H. symbiopollicaris, H. polyclina, H. symbiolongicarpus and H. [GM].
Phylogeographic structure and gene flow in the scale‐eating cichlid Perissodus microlepis (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae) in southern Lake Tanganyika
Authors: Koblmüller Stephan , Duftner Nina , Sefc Kristina M , Aigner Ursula , Rogetzer Martina , Sturmbauer Christian
Published: January 2009

One of the most fragmented habitats in freshwater lakes is the rocky littoral zone, where the already richly structured habitat is frequently interspersed with more pronounced barriers such as sandy bays, river estuaries and deep slopes. Although habitat fragmentation generally constrains the dispersal of specialized rock‐dwelling species, patterns of population structure vary in sympatric taxa due to species‐specific traits. In the present study, we examine the phylogeographic and population genetic structure of Perissodus microlepis, a presumptively highly mobile scale‐eating cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika with a lake‐wide distribution in the rocky littoral zone and no obvious geographical colour variation. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of six populations in the southern end of the lake suggests isolation by distance along rocky shoreline. Across a large muddy bay, a phylogeographic break indicates that environmental barriers restrict gene flow even in this highly mobile species. Restricted dispersal across the bay is not necessarily a consequence of an intrinsic propensity to avoid sand, but may be connected with the association between P. microlepis and other rock‐dwelling fish, which the scale‐eaters mimic and intermingle in order to be able to approach other fish to rip off scales from their bodies.
Food Stamps and Food Spending: An Engel Function Approach
Authors: Wilde Parke E. , Troy Lisa M. , Rogers Beatrice L.
Published: January 2009

Estimation of Food Stamp Program (FSP) effects has been complicated by self‐selection and by a contradiction between observed spending patterns and the economic theory of consumer choice. We developed a modified version of the traditional theory, in which participant households may be partly extramarginal even if they have some cash spending on at‐home food. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data for 2001–2005, we estimated Engel functions for at‐home and away‐from‐home food spending for FSP participants and nonparticipants. Compared to nonparticipants with the same level of total income, participants had higher at‐home food spending and lower away‐from‐home food spending.
Integrating Technology Traits and Producer Heterogeneity: A Mixed‐Multinomial Model of Genetically Modified Corn Adoption
Authors: Useche Pilar , Barham Bradford L. , Foltz Jeremy D.
Published: January 2009

This article proposes a model of technology adoption that integrates demand for individual traits of new technologies with the potential for heterogeneity based on farm and farmer characteristics. The model is applied to recent genetically modified corn adoption data from Minnesota and Wisconsin farmers, using a mixed‐multinomial logit (MMNL) model to estimate the effects of traits and farm and farmer characteristics on adoption outcomes. This approach allows explicit recovery of estimates of farmers’ shadow prices for individual technology traits. Results show the importance of producer and regional heterogeneity in preferences for seed traits.
Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis: Reply to Färe and Grosskopf
Authors: Kuosmanen Timo , Podinovski Victor
Published: January 2009

Färe and Grosskopf (this issue) claim that a single abatement factor suffices for modeling weak disposability in nonparametric production models, and that the Kuosmanen (2005) technology that uses multiple abatement factors is larger than necessary. This article demonstrates by a numerical example that a single abatement factor does not suffice to capture all feasible production plans, and that its use leads to the violation of convexity, one of the maintained assumptions of the model. We also prove that the Kuosmanen technology is the correct minimum extrapolation technology under the stated axioms.
Impacts of Low‐Cost Land Certification on Investment and Productivity
Authors: Holden Stein T. , Deininger Klaus , Ghebru Hosaena
Published: January 2009

New land reforms are again high on the policy agenda and low‐cost, propoor reforms are being tested in poor countries. This article assesses the investment and productivity impacts of the recent low‐cost land certification implemented in the Tigray region of Ethiopia, using a unique household and farm‐plot‐level panel data set, with data from before and up to eight years after the reform. Alternative econometric methods were used to test and control for endogeneity of certification and for unobserved household heterogeneity. Significant positive impacts were found, including effects on the maintenance of soil conservation structures, investment in trees, and land productivity.
Insuring Against Losses from Transgenic Contamination: The Case of Pharmaceutical Maize
Authors: Ripplinger David G. , Hayes Dermot J. , Goggi A. Susana , Lamkey Kendall
Published: January 2009

Concerns about the risk of food supply contamination have limited the development and commercialization of certain pharmaceutical plants. This article develops an insurance pricing model that helps translate these concerns into a cost‐benefit analysis. The model first estimates the physical dispersal of maize pollen subject to a number of weather parameters. This distribution is then validated with the limited amount of currently available field trial data. The physical distribution is then used to calculate the premium for a fair‐valued insurance policy that would fund the destruction of possibly contaminated fields. The flexible framework can be readily adapted to other crops, management practices, and regions.
A Multivariate Evaluation of Ex ante Risks Associated with Fed Cattle Production
Authors: Belasco Eric J. , Ghosh Sujit K. , Goodwin Barry K.
Published: January 2009

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate production risks faced by fed cattle producers. We do this by jointly modeling a group of cattle production yield risk factors using a multivariate dynamic regression model. The proposed econometric model estimates parameters that influence the mean and variance of production yield factors, as well as the covariance between variables, while accounting for a high degree of censoring through the use of a dynamic multivariate Tobit model. The model provides insights into the relationship between production yield factors in fed cattle production.
Explaining the Forced Exit of Charles Kennedy: Pushing the Public–Private Boundary
Authors: McAnulla Stuart
Published: January 2009

The demise of Charles Kennedy as leader of the Liberal Democrats (1999–2006) has generally been understood as an unfortunate consequence of Kennedy's struggle with alcohol dependency. Others have suggested that Kennedy was removed because he proved a poor party leader. In contrast, this article argues that the alcohol issue was of key importance, yet that this factor overlapped with the wider depletion of Kennedy's leadership credibility. It is also suggested that Kennedy's removal was in part a consequence of the continued erosion of the boundaries between public and private life in British politics.