bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conversion of corn shell as biomass solid waste into carbon species for efficient decontamination of wastewater via heavy metals adsorption
Authors: Abou-Hadid Ayman F. , El-Behairy Usama A. , Elmalih Mahmoud M. , Amdeha Enas , Naggar Ahmed M. A. El , Taha Mohamed H. , Hussein Ahmed E. M.
Published: March 2023

Biomass-based solid residuals can be of serious hazardous environmental impacts if left for natural degradation. Thus, the proper utilization of such residuals is highly recommended. Therefore, one of solid residuals: namely, corn shell, was used in this study to synthesize carbon species (labeled as CS-C) as an adsorbent for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The structural properties and the textural characteristics of the prepared carbon species were verified. The present charges on the carbon surface were acquired via zeta potential analysis. The performance of CS-C, as adsorbent, was investigated through batch technique. Adsorption isotherm was optimally described using the Langmuir model reflecting that the removal process occurs at the homogenous surface of CS-C through a chemical reaction (surface complexation mechanism). The equilibrium state for the sorption process was reached after 4 h of interaction. The kinetic studies revealed the nice fit of heavy metal removal process to Pseudo-second-order model and the thermodynamics is matched to endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible sorption process. The displayed results could emphasize the high potentiality of CS-C to act as a remarkable sorbent for efficient tackling of water contaminants.
On frailty and accelerated aging during SARS-Cov-2: senescence
Authors: Müller-Werdan Ursula , Polidori M. Cristina , Simm Andreas
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is a burden for the worldwide healthcare systems. Whereas a clear age-dependent mortality can be observed, especially multimorbid and frail persons are at an increased risk. As bio-functional rather than calendrical age is in the meanwhile known to play a crucial role for COVID-19-related outcomes, aging-associated risk factors, overall prognosis and physiological age-related changes should be systematically considered for clinical decision-making. In this overview, we focus on cellular senescence as a major factor of biological aging, associated with organ dysfunction and increased inflammation (inflammaging).
The Impact of COVID-19 on Well-Being: Welsh Children’s Perspectives
Authors: Hampton Jennifer , McAuley Colette
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic saw drastic and unprecedented actions by governments to mitigate the spread of the virus. Often, the restrictions limited in-person interaction and included the closure of schools. To investigate the impact of both the pandemic and resulting restrictions, the International Society of Child Indicators developed the Childrens Worlds: COVID-19 Supplement. This paper reports on the results of that survey in Wales in 2021. Seven hundred and twenty seven children from 18 schools participated from years 6 and 8. They received an anonymous survey asking about their circumstances and well-being across a range of domains, and how these have changes during the pandemic. The children had experienced significant changes in their lives with the onset of the pandemic. The majority could not attend school, were confined to their homes, and were unable to see wider family and friends in person. Almost a half of both groups felt that their relationships with family they lived with had improved, with many becoming closer to members. Over one-fifth of both groups thought their relationships with friends were affected, with younger children more likely to think they had improved. The pattern throughout the survey was that the older children were less positive in their responses. The disparity between the groups was markedly so regarding school with the secondary schoolchildren being particularly dissatisfied with the content of their learning. Whereas there was a trend for less disparity between the groups during COVID-19, the only area where the disparity increased was regarding satisfaction with school. These findings are then placed in the context of developments in education in Wales and research on the impact of COVID on Welsh schools and schoolchildren. As in other countries, the pandemic would appear to have exacerbated existing educational inequalities.
Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes of Antepartum Hemorrhage in Women with Placenta Previa
Authors: Im Do Hwa , Kim Young Nam , Cho Eun Hye , Kim Da Hyun , Byun Jung Mi , Jeong Dae Hoon
Published: March 2023

Placenta previa (PP) is one such complication related to several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse outcomes are likely greater if PP coexists with antepartum hemorrhage (APH). This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of APH in women with PP. This retrospective case–control study included 125 singleton pregnancies with PP who delivered between 2017 and 2019. Women with PP were divided into two groups: PP without APH (n = 59) and PP with APH (n = 66). We investigated the risk factors associated with APH and compared the differences between both groups in placental histopathology lesions due to APH and the resulting maternal and neonatal outcomes. Women with APH had more frequent antepartum uterine contractions (33.3% vs. 10.2%, P = .002) and short cervical length (< 2.5 cm) at admission (53.0% vs. 27.1%, P = .003). The placentas from the APH group had lower weight (442.9 ± 110.1 vs. 488.3 ± 117.7 g, P = .03) in the gross findings, and a higher rate of villous agglutination lesions (42.4% vs. 22.0%, P = .01) in the histopathologic findings. Women with APH in PP had higher rates of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes (83.3% vs. 49.2%, P = .0001). Neonates born to women with APH in PP had worse neonatal outcomes (59.1% vs. 23.9%, P = .0001). Preterm uterine contractions and short cervical length were the most significant risk factors for APH in PP.
Bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance differ between catheter and non–catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Data from a national surveillance network
Authors: D’Incau Stéphanie , Atkinson Andrew , Leitner Lorenz , Kronenberg Andreas , Kessler Thomas M. , Marschall Jonas
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To investigate clinically relevant microbiological characteristics of uropathogens and to compare patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) to those with non-CAUTIs.

Methods:

All urine cultures from the calendar year 2019 of the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance database were analyzed. Group differences in the proportions of bacterial species and antibiotic-resistant isolates from CAUTI and non-CAUTI samples were investigated.

Results:

Data from 27,158 urine cultures met the inclusion criteria. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis together represented 70% and 85% of pathogens identified in CAUTI and non-CAUTI samples, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly more often detected in CAUTI samples. The overall resistance rate for the empirically often-prescribed antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was between 13% and 31%. Except for nitrofurantoin, E. coli from CAUTI samples were more often resistant (P ≤ .048) to all classes of antibiotics analyzed, including third-generation cephalosporines used as surrogate for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Significanty higher resistance proportions in CAUTI samples versus non-CAUTI samples were observed for CIP (P = .001) and NOR (P = .033) in K. pneumoniae, for NOR (P = .011) in P. mirabilis, and for cefepime (P = .015), and piperacillin-tazobactam (P = .043) in P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion:

CAUTI pathogens were more often resistant to recommended empirical antibiotics than non-CAUTI pathogens. This finding emphasizes the need for urine sampling for culturing before initiating therapy for CAUTI and the importance of considering therapeutic alternatives.
Adapting the Evidence Academy model for virtual stakeholder engagement in a national setting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Carter-Edwards Lori , Leverty Renee , Bilheimer Alicia , Bailey Lindsay , Adeshina Bukola , Shrestha Prabisha , Yu Zhitong , Dave Gaurav , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Kibbe Warren , Corbie Giselle
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic raised the importance of adaptive capacity and preparedness when engaging historically marginalized populations in research and practice. The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics in Underserved Populations’ COVID-19 Equity Evidence Academy Series (RADx-UP EA) is a virtual, national, interactive conference model designed to support and engage community-academic partnerships in a collaborative effort to improve practices that overcome disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and testing technologies. The RADx-UP EA promotes information sharing, critical reflection and discussion, and creation of translatable strategies for health equity. Staff and faculty from the RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center developed three EA events with diverse geographic, racial, and ethnic representation of attendees from RADx-UP community-academic project teams: February 2021 (n = 319); November 2021 (n = 242); and September 2022 (n = 254). Each EA event included a data profile; 2-day, virtual event; event summary report; community dissemination product; and an evaluation strategy. Operational and translational delivery processes were iteratively adapted for each EA across one or more of five adaptive capacity domains: assets, knowledge and learning, social organization, flexibility, and innovation. The RADx-UP EA model can be generalized beyond RADx-UP and tailored by community and academic input to respond to local or national health emergencies.
Linear stability of monopolar vortices over isolated topography
Authors: Gonzalez Jeasson F. , Zavala Sansón L.
Published: March 2023

The linear instability of circular vortices over isolated topography in a homogeneous and inviscid fluid is examined for the shallow-water and quasi-geostrophic models in the

$f$

-plane. The eigenvalue problem associated with azimuthal disturbances is derived for arbitrary axisymmetric topographies, either submarine mountains or valleys. Amended Rayleigh and Fjørtoft theorems with topographic effects are given for barotropic instability, obtaining necessary criteria for instability when the potential vorticity gradient is zero somewhere in the domain. The onset of centrifugal instability is also discussed by deriving the Rayleigh circulation theorem with topography. The barotropic instability theorems are applied to a wide family of nonlinear, quasi-geostrophic solutions of circular vortices over axisymmetric topographic features. Flow instability depends mainly on the vortex/topography configuration, as well as on the vortex size in comparison with the width of the topography. It is found that anticyclones/mountains and cyclones/valleys may be unstable. In contrast, cyclone/mountain and anticyclone/valley configurations are stable. These statements are validated with two numerical methods. First, the generalised eigenvalue problem is solved to obtain the wavenumber of the fastest-growing perturbations. Second, the evolution of the vortices is simulated numerically to detect the development of linear perturbations. The numerical results show that for unstable vortices over narrow topographies, the fastest growth rate corresponds to mode

$1$

, which subsequently forms asymmetric dipolar structures. Over wide topographies, the fastest perturbations are mainly modes

$1$

and

$2$

, depending on the topographic features.
A Review of the Progress and Potential of Energy Generation from Renewable Sources in Latin America
Authors: Escamilla-García Pablo Emilio , Fernández-Rodríguez Emmanuel , Jiménez-Castañeda Martha E. , Jiménez-González Carlos O. , Morales-Castro José Antonio
Published: March 2023

Sustainable energy economics in Latin America has become relevant due to the region’s dependence on the oil market and the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review of the ten major economies in the region based on gross domestic product is conducted. We primarily analyze production performance of hydro, wind, and solar energies, in terms of total gigawatt hours produced, current participation levels in energy matrices, and total installed capacity. Current and future trends and legal frameworks for each technology and country are discussed. Our analyses indicate that Latin America and the Caribbean can potentially increase the usage of renewable energy sources given a plethora of natural resources, favorable geographical and climatic conditions, and existing large-scale hydro installations to counteract the inconsistency of wind and solar projects. Therefore, governments in the region must overhaul sustainable policies to increase awareness and reduce energy dependence on foreign powers.
Patterns and processes in the history of body size in turritelline gastropods, Jurassic to Recent
Authors: Pietsch Carlie , Gigliotti Michael , Anderson Brendan M. , Allmon Warren D.
Published: March 2023

Body size is an important trait with implications for energy use and ecology as well as generation time and evolutionary rates. Turritelline gastropods are widely distributed through geologic time and space, making them an excellent group for evaluating macroevolutionary patterns. To evaluate the pattern of body-size change in turritelline gastropods, we compiled a dataset of shell lengths of 316 species of turritelline gastropods spanning the Jurassic to Recent. Type specimens were almost always significantly larger than specimen distributions from the same species. We found that turritelline gastropod size was inversely correlated with latitude, a trend likely driven by the Neogene–Recent diversification of small-bodied Southern Hemisphere taxa. A time series model was applied to distinguish among three possible macroevolutionary patterns: unbiased random walk (no directional trend), biased random walk (directional trend), and stasis (no net change). We determined that turritelline gastropods have experienced stasis in body size throughout their evolutionary history, adding to the growing literature documenting directionless body-size trends in marine invertebrate clades. Stasis of geographically widespread clades may be the result of ecological variability across the environmental range occupied by the group or differential diversification into opposing environments. Turritelline life-history patterns, especially their reproductive strategy that combines a short life span and decline in growth rate around 1 year of age to reallocate energy to reproduction, might circumvent selection for longevity and larger size, while further decrease in minimum size is likely limited by feeding efficiency and anti-predatory defense. The expectation that species or clades should continue to evolve to occupy larger size classes conflicts with the evolutionary advantages of small size, which in turritelline gastropods include high generational turnover and larger population sizes that yield opportunities for genetic variance.
Revision parathyroid surgery – challenges and considerations in comparison to primary surgery
Authors: McClean A , England R J A
Published: March 2023

Objective

Revision parathyroidectomy is made necessary by recurrent or persistent parathyroid disease. This study aimed to identify challenges in revision surgery compared to primary parathyroid surgery.

Methods

All revision parathyroidectomies performed by one surgeon over a 17-year period were assessed for demographics, imaging, histology, biochemistry, cure rate, gland weight, gland location and gland ectopia, and compared to a series of 100 primary parathyroidectomies.

Results

Twenty-eight revision surgical procedures were identified. Sestamibi scanning for gland localisation was superior to ultrasound in both primary and revision surgery. Pre-operative calcium and gland weight were significantly higher in revision cases. There were no significant differences in post-operative calcium levels, pre- or post-operative parathyroid hormone levels, or gland location. 36 per cent of glands excised in revision surgery were ectopic, compared to 25 per cent in primary procedures. The cure rate was significantly lower in revision surgery.

Conclusion

Revision parathyroidectomy patients present with higher pre-operative calcium and larger adenomas; the cure rate is significantly lower in these patients.
Differences in clinical aspects of human cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and the G6 genotype in Neuquén, Argentina
Authors: Debiaggi María Florencia , Alvarez Rojas Cristian A. , Lazzarini Lorena Evelina , Calfunao Daniel , Titanti Paola , Calanni Liliana , Iacono Marisa , Soriano Silvia Viviana , Deplazes Peter , Pierangeli Nora Beatriz
Published: March 2023

Most human cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases worldwide are attributed to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s), followed by the G6 and G7 genotypes. While E. granulosus s.s. has a cosmopolitan distribution, the G6 genotype is restricted to areas where camels and goats are present. Goats are the primary livestock in the Neuquén province in Argentina where the G6 genotype has been reported to be responsible for a significant percentage of CE human cysts genotyped. In the present study, we genotyped 124 Echinococcus cysts infecting 90 CE-confirmed patients. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was identified in 51 patients (56.7%) with 81 cysts and the G6 genotype in 39 patients (43.3%) harbouring 43 cysts. Most CE cases ≤18 years were male suggesting pastoral work could be a risk factor for the infection. Echinococcus granulosus s.s. was significantly found more frequently in the liver (32/51 patients) and the G6 genotype in the lungs and extrahepatic localizations (27/39). The patients infected with E. granulosus s.s., presented up to 6 cysts while patients infected with G6 presented a maximum of 2. The diameter of lung cysts attributed to E. granulosus s.s. was significantly larger compared to lung cysts from G6. Following the WHO ultrasound classification of liver cysts, we observed inactive cysts in 55.6% of G6 cysts and only 15.3% of E. granulosus s.s cysts. In conclusion, we provide evidence of differences in clinical aspects of CE caused by E. granulosus s.s. and the G6 genotype of E. granulosus s.l. complex infecting humans.
Association between psychological distress trajectories from adolescence to midlife and mental health during the pandemic: evidence from two British birth cohorts
Authors: Moulton V. , Sullivan A. , Patalay P. , Fitzsimons E. , Henderson M. , Bann D. , Ploubidis G. B.
Published: March 2023

Background

This paper examined whether distinct life-course trajectories of psychological distress from adolescence to midlife were associated with poorer mental health outcomes during the pandemic.

Methods

We present a secondary analysis of two nationally representative British birth cohorts, the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) and 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). We used latent variable mixture models to identify pre-pandemic longitudinal trajectories of psychological distress and a modified Poisson model with robust standard errors to estimate associations with psychological distress, life satisfaction and loneliness at different points during the pandemic.

Results

Our analysis identified five distinct pre-pandemic trajectories of psychological distress in both cohorts. All trajectories with prior symptoms of psychological distress irrespective of age of onset, severity and chronicity were associated with a greater relative risk of poorer mental health outcomes during the pandemic and the probability of poorer mental health associated with psychological distress trajectories remained fairly constant. The relationship was not fully attenuated when most recent pre-pandemic psychological distress and other midlife factors were controlled for.

Conclusions

Whilst life-course trajectories with any prior symptoms of psychological distress put individuals at greater risk of poor mental health outcomes during the pandemic, those with chronic and more recent occurrences were at highest risk. In addition, prior poor mental health during the adult life-course may mean individuals are less resilient to shocks, such as pandemics. Our findings show the importance of considering heterogeneous mental health trajectories across the life-course in the general population in addition to population average trends.
The Idea of Asia in British Geographical Thought, 1652–1832
Authors: Stock Paul
Published: March 2023

This article explores popular British ideas about Asia from the mid-seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century, using largely neglected sources: geography books. Thanks to their popularity and focus on conventional knowledge, this genre of texts – geographical reference works, gazetteers, encyclopaedias and schoolbooks – allows us to glimpse the commonplace mentalities of the period, and consequently to understand how Asia was perceived by ordinary literate Britons and not just by prominent intellectuals. Geography books typically regard Asia as a ‘place of origin’ for the cultural and societal achievements of Europe. They also assume that Asia possesses plentiful natural resources and is thus ripe for economic exploitation. At the same time, however, Asia is understood to be degenerate and corrupt, usually due to a combination of climactic decay, religious failings and government mismanagement. Asia is thus alien and entirely distinct from Europe, and, simultaneously, it is intimately connected to Europe's rise and future imperial progress. British geography books can tell us a great deal about how ordinary literate people understood Asian peoples and places in the formative age of British empire-building.
ANIMAL PROVISIONING AT CHICHEN ITZA AND ISLA CERRITOS: A ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW OF FAUNAL UTILIZATION
Authors: Jiménez Cano Nayeli G.
Published: March 2023

Zooarchaeological data are presented to examine aspects of animal resources utilization at Chichen Itza and Isla Cerritos during the Terminal Classic. Through the review of zooarchaeological records, a differential pattern emerges based on contextual and environmental origins of the identified taxa, highlighting the ritual importance of coastal species at Chichen Itza. In addition, the transportation network of animals and animal parts from the peninsular interior to Isla Cerritos and coastal areas towards Chichen Itza is outlined. The reviewed zooarchaeological evidence of both settlements represents the first effort to rethink and heighten understanding of the relationship between the northern Maya capital and its coastal outpost during the Terminal Classic, profiling the diverse environments being exploited and differential utilization in the coast and the interior of the Northern Lowlands.
Partial Euler operators and the efficient inversion of Div
Authors: Hydon P. E.
Published: March 2023

The problem of inverting the total divergence operator is central to finding components of a given conservation law. This might not be taxing for a low-order conservation law of a scalar partial differential equation, but integrable systems have conservation laws of arbitrarily high order that must be found with the aid of computer algebra. Even low-order conservation laws of complex systems can be hard to find and invert. This paper describes a new, efficient approach to the inversion problem. Two main tools are developed: partial Euler operators and partial scalings. These lead to a line integral formula for the inversion of a total derivative and a procedure for inverting a given total divergence concisely.
Earthen Architecture as a Community of Practice: A Case Study of Neolithic Earthen Production in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Lorenzon Marta
Published: March 2023

This article analyses the development of Neolithic earthen architecture in the Eastern Mediterranean as a concrete example of ‘communities of practice’. Recent studies on earthen architecture have highlighted its adaptability to different climates, architectural forms and craftmanship levels, focusing on the technological aspects of earthen construction. This paper explores the anthropological significance of earth as a building material. It provides evidence on the development of earthen building techniques, interactions between different communities regarding building practices and an understanding of the dynamics ofchaîne opératoirein relation to various materials. A review of archaeological case studies provides compelling preliminary evidence for the existence of early specialized architecture in Neolithic Aegean contexts.
Environmental delegation versus sales delegation: a game-theoretic analysis
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca
Published: March 2023

Recently, in their 2019 paper, Poyago-Theotoky and Yong consider a managerial Cournot duopoly with pollution externalities and emission taxes and propose an explicit environmental incentive in a managerial compensation contract. The authors compare several exogenous equilibria emerging in the symmetric sub-games in which the owner offers either the environmental delegation contract or the standard sales delegation contract: abatement and social welfare (resp. emission taxes) under environmental delegation are higher (resp. lower) than under sales delegation. The present work extends their model using a game-theoretic approach to analyse the asymmetric sub-games, in which only one firm adopts the environmental contract, and adds the contract decision stage. Results show that the environmental contract never emerges as the unique sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium of this non-cooperative managerial decision game. Indeed, if the green R&D technology is efficient, the sales contract emerges as the unique Pareto-inefficient Nash equilibrium. Otherwise, if the green R&D technology is inefficient, multiple Nash equilibria in pure strategies exist (coordination game). Our findings offer direct policy implications.
Endogenous uncertainty and monetary policy
Authors: Kang ShinHyuck , Park Kwangyong
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we empirically explore the endogeneity of uncertainty and the interaction between different types of uncertainty and monetary policy using a shock-restricted vector-autoregression model. We find that a contractionary monetary policy shock reduces financial uncertainty, opposite to the findings in the previous literature, while at the same time it also heightens real uncertainty. This discrepancy arises because the model allows endogenous shifts in uncertainty. We also show that endogenous responses of uncertainty amplify the effects of monetary policy on real activity.
Comparative analysis of setup margin calculation in cone beam CT, by van Herk formula, using two different image registration methods
Authors: Roy Soumya , Sarkar Biplab , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to quantify the difference in setup margin in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) setup imaging, utilising the van Herk formula for two different image registration methods. Two alternative techniques of registration, bony landmark (BL) matching and soft tissue matching (ST) for head and neck cancer patients, were investigated.

Methods:

This study included 30 head and neck cancer patients who received a simultaneous integrated boost of 54–60–66 Gy in 30 fractions, using volumetric modulated arc treatment. A total of 867 CBCT images were acquired during patient setup and further analysed for setup margin calculation. A region of interest was described using a clip box between the reference and CBCT image to calculate the patient’s positional inaccuracy in three translational directions, X, Y and Z, where X was mediolateral, Y was the cranial-caudal, and Z was the anterior-posterior direction in the patient-based coordinate system, respectively. The shifts were captured by altering the BL and ST matching, and the setup margin was calculated using the van Herk formula (=2·5Σ + 0·7σ where Σ was the systematic and σ was the random error).

Results:

The difference between bony and ST matching in most cases was observed to be 1·4 mm in all translational directions at a 95% confidence interval and <1° in all rotational directions. The rotational error was found to be below the action level (±3°); hence, no corrections related to rotational error were made. The translational setup margin for bone and ST-based registration was X (BL) = 4·6 mm, X (ST) = 4·4 mm, Y (BL) = 6·3 mm, Y (ST) = 4·7 mm, Z (BL) = 3·0 mm, Z (ST) = 3·6mm.

Conclusion:

Two distinct registration approaches for head-neck patient setup did not yield any significant difference in the setup margin calculation. A suitable approach for CBCT and reference CT registration technique was required for the setup margin calculation. Confusion in selecting the correct image registration procedure can result in incorrect treatment execution. The compatibility of the two registration approaches was established in this study. Image fusion was neutralised before the second match (ST) to avoid hysteresis. For setup verification using CBCT for the head and neck region, both bone and ST registration were compatible for setup verification.
Presence of liquid water during the evolution of exomoons orbiting ejected free-floating planets
Authors: Roccetti Giulia , Grassi Tommaso , Ercolano Barbara , Molaverdikhani Karan , Crida Aurélien , Braun Dieter , Chiavassa Andrea
Published: March 2023

Free-floating planets (FFPs) can result from dynamical scattering processes happening in the first few million years of a planetary system's life. Several models predict the possibility, for these isolated planetary-mass objects, to retain exomoons after their ejection. The tidal heating mechanism and the presence of an atmosphere with a relatively high optical thickness may support the formation and maintenance of oceans of liquid water on the surface of these satellites. In order to study the timescales over which liquid water can be maintained, we perform dynamical simulations of the ejection process and infer the resulting statistics of the population of surviving exomoons around FFPs. The subsequent tidal evolution of the moons’ orbital parameters is a pivotal step to determine when the orbits will circularize, with a consequential decay of the tidal heating. We find that close-in ($a \lesssim 25$RJ) Earth-mass moons with carbon dioxide-dominated atmospheres could retain liquid water on their surfaces for long timescales, depending on the mass of the atmospheric envelope and the surface pressure assumed. Massive atmospheres are needed to trap the heat produced by tidal friction that makes these moons habitable. For Earth-like pressure conditions (p0= 1 bar), satellites could sustain liquid water on their surfaces up to 52 Myr. For higher surface pressures (10 and 100 bar), moons could be habitable up to 276 Myr and 1.6 Gyr, respectively. Close-in satellites experience habitable conditions for long timescales, and during the ejection of the FFP remain bound with the escaping planet, being less affected by the close encounter.
Das Roper–Logan–Tierney–Modell
Authors: Roper Nancy , Logan Winifred W. , Tierney Alison J.
Published: March 2023

Roper, Logan und Tierney (RLT) legen hier ihr letztes gemeinsames Buch vor, das die Entwicklung des RLT-Modells -nachzeichnet, zentrale Konzepte zusammenfasst und das Werk kritisch bewertet. Das Ergebnis ist eine für Lernende und -Lehrende sowie für Pflegemanager_innen und -forscher_innen gleichermaßen verständliche, einfache und kompakte Einführung in das RLT-Pflegemodell. 

Die vierte Auflage wird ergänzt durch eine aktualisierte Literaturliste. Die bestehende Verbindung des RLT-Modells mit dem Pflegeprozess wird um eine aktuelle Zuordnung von NANDA-I-Pflegediagnosen zu den Lebensaktivitäten des RLT-Modells ergänzt. 

Aus dem Inhalt 

•Einleitung 

•Lebensmodell 

•Pflegemodell 

       - Lebensaktivitäten (LA) 

       - Lebensspanne 

       - Abhängigkeits-/Unabhängigkeitskontinuum 

       - Einflussfaktoren 

       - Individualisierung der Pflege, Pflegeprozess 

•Einschätzung des Modells 

•Wert, Rolle und Wesen von Pflegemodellen 

•Ist das RLT-Modell ein echtes Pflegemodell? 

•Auswirkungen, Beitrag und Kritik des Modells 

•Erforschung, Testung und Zukunft des Modells 

•Nachwort 

•Pflegediagnosen im RLT-Modell
Selbstwertbezogene Interventionen
Authors: Fehm Lydia , Weidmann Anke
Published: March 2023

Selbstwertprobleme können Einfluss auf die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung einer psychischen Störung nehmen, aber auch eine Folge der Störung sein. Interventionen, die auf den Selbstwert bezogen sind, spielen bei der Behandlung zahlreicher psychischer Störungen eine zentrale Rolle, insbesondere bei Depressionen, Essstörungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Der Band fasst Wissenswertes zu Selbstwert und dessen Zusammenhang mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Störungen zusammen und grenzt den Begriff gegenüber anderen psychotherapeutisch relevanten Konstrukten, etwa soziale Kompetenz oder Selbstmitgefühl, ab. Es folgen Überlegungen zur Indikation selbstwertbezogener Interventionen und den diagnostischen Möglichkeiten von Selbstwert.
Praxisorientiert wird veranschaulicht, wie selbstwertbezogene Interventionen in der Behandlung umgesetzt werden können. Zunächst werden Hinweise zur Psychoedukation und zum Einbezug von Selbstwert in die Fallkonzeptualisierung gegeben. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie klassisch-verhaltenstherapeutische sowie achtsamkeitsbasierte Interventionen transdiagnostisch zur Bearbeitung von Selbstwertproblemen eingesetzt werden können. Dabei wird auf verschiedene selbstwertspezifische Interventionen eingegangen, z.B. auf die Förderung der Selbstfürsorge, die Förderung einer ausgewogenen Sichtweise auf sich selbst oder die Arbeit mit inneren selbstkritischen oder wohlwollenden Anteilen. Ausführlich vorgestellt werden zudem zwei im deutschen Sprachraum bislang weniger bekannte Ansätze, die spezifisch für die Behandlung von Selbstwertproblemen konzipiert wurden: Das kognitive Therapiekonzept für Selbstwertprobleme von Fennell sowie das Selbstwerttraining „COMET“ der niederländischen Arbeitsgruppe um Korrelboom. Hinweise zu Besonderheiten der Nutzung selbstwertbezogener Interventionen im Gruppenkontext runden den Band ab.
Von den Lehrzielen zur schriftlichen Prüfung
Authors: Klapproth Florian
Published: March 2023

Schriftliche Prüfungen stellen einen wesentlichen Teil der Ausbildung von Studierenden dar. Sie dokumentieren, inwieweit Studierende mit den curricularen Inhalten des Studiums vertraut sind, diese reproduzieren und in unterschiedlichen Kontexten anwenden können.
Dieser Leitfaden adressiert die wichtigsten Probleme bei der Klausurerstellung und gibt Hochschullehrenden ein Werkzeug an die Hand, das ihnen erlaubt, Antworten auf die folgenden Fragen zu finden: Wie viele Fragen soll meine Klausur beinhalten? Wie soll ich mit Raten umgehen? Wie kann ich Multiple-Choice-Aufgaben und Aufgaben mit offenem Antwortformat gestalten und auswerten? Worauf muss ich bei der Prüfungsvorbereitung und Prüfungsdurchführung achten? Wie wandle ich Rohpunkte in Zensuren um? Wie kann ich die Gütekriterien meiner Klausur bestimmen und Parallelformen erstellen?
Die einzelnen Schritte der Konstruktion schriftlicher Prüfungen werden nachvollziehbar und leicht verständlich dargestellt und ausführlich anhand von Beispielen aus der Psychologie illustriert. Hierbei wird mit der Formulierung von Lehrzielen begonnen, in denen ausgedrückt wird, welche Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten Studierende in einer Lehreinheit (bspw. in einem Modul) erwerben sollen. Anschließend wird aufgezeigt, wie ausgehend von den Lehrzielen Aufgabenformate festgelegt und konkrete Testaufgaben erstellt werden können. Weitere Kapitel dieses Leitfadens befassen sich mit der Testdurchführung, Auswertung der Testaufgaben, Festlegung von Noten und Ermittlung von Aufgaben- und Testgütekriterien. Als Zusatzmaterialien werden Tabellen, die für die Bestimmung von Konfidenzintervallen und Notengrenzen genutzt werden können, zur Verfügung gestellt. Diese können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Destabilizing Influence of the Neutral Winds for the Midnight and Post‐Midnight Ionospheric Irregularities in Brazil Sector
Authors: Tian Yao‐Yu , Hao Yong‐Qiang , Huang Wei‐Quan , Huang Cong , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Dong‐He , Xiao Zuo
Published: March 2023

Midnight and post‐midnight ionospheric irregularities are observed over Brazil sector during the June solstice of solar inactive years. The prevailing nighttime winds in the magnetic meridional plane (magnetic meridional winds) are experimentally described as a trans‐equatorial wind, and superposed a convergent/equatorward component that emerges after 03 LT. Further computation of the growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh‐Taylor (GRT) instability well explains the local time dependent irregularities observed. Our analysis indicates that the trans‐equatorial wind before midnight uplifts the ionosphere in the upwind (northern) hemisphere, whereas the expected downwelling in the conjugate hemisphere is almost unseen. The wind hence decreases the field‐line integrated Pedersen conductivity and promotes the midnight instability, instead of suppressing it as conventionally known. After 03 LT, the convergent/equatorward component also provides an unstable condition, consistent with the theory that a meridional wind profile with a negative latitudinal gradient will destabilize the ionosphere. The growth rate gets lower as the neutral winds weakened with increasing solar activity, but seemingly insufficient to explain the much fewer instabilities observed in 2012 than in 2009. Other solar activity dependent factors need to be taken into account in addition to the growing process of the GRT instability in the F region.
Dehydration of the Subducting Juan de Fuca Plate and Fluid Pathways Revealed by Full Waveform Inversion of Teleseismic P and SH Waves in Central Oregon
Authors: Kan Li‐Yu , Chevrot Sébastien , Monteiller Vadim
Published: March 2023

The dehydration of subducting slabs expels a massive amount of water into the forearc and backarc mantle which is responsible for the serpentinization of the mantle wedge, as well as the production of melt and arc magmatism. These processes are expected to have characteristic signatures in density and seismic velocities models, which remain largely elusive to date due to the limited spatial resolution of classical passive tomographic approaches. Here we present a tomographic model of density, VP, VS, and VP/VS beneath central Oregon, obtained by inverting complete teleseismic P and SH waveforms recorded by the CASC93 temporary experiment. The final model shows an east‐dipping low‐velocity layer less than 10 km thick that can be associated with the fluid‐saturated Juan de Fuca oceanic crust. The distribution of tremors at the surface closely coincides with the horizontal extent of this low‐velocity layer. Below 40 km depth, seismic velocities and density increase progressively to the values of a typical mantle. This transitional domain corresponds to the eclogitization of the oceanic crust. Silica‐saturated fluids released by pore collapse migrate upward, producing serpentinization reactions in the forearc mantle that lower the density and seismic velocities. The very low VP/VS ratio documented in the Cascadia forearc crust is evidence that these silica‐saturated fluids reach the crust, where they produce extensive quartz mineralization. At greater depth, a low seismic velocity and high VP/VS ratio anomaly provides evidence for partial melting at around 75 km depth beneath the volcanic arc.
The Loop Current Circulation Over the MIS 9 to MIS 5 Based on Planktonic Foraminifera Assemblages From the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Arellano‐Torres Elsa , Amezcua‐Montiel Abril , Casas‐Ortiz Arantza
Published: March 2023

The loop current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is part of the western North Atlantic circulation. Recording its strength and slowdown variations can help us characterize the regional climate over the Late Pleistocene. To reconstruct the sea surface and the LC intensity in the eastern GoM, we study the distribution patterns of planktonic foraminifera in the core EN‐032‐18PC, spanning the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 to early MIS‐4. We reconstructed a sequence of paleoceanographic events based on stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) of the surface dweller Globigerinoides ruber and two faunal assemblages. The first assemblage explains most of the glacial and late interglacial periods, suggesting a subtropical environment with a deep thermocline and a reduced LC due to a moderate inflow of warm Caribbean waters. The second assemblage explains the warmest interglacial substages, dominated by tropical species, a shallow thermocline, and an extended LC, driven by summer insolation. Overall, surface ocean conditions led to more ecological successions and instability during the warmest interglacial substages than during glacial periods, as supported by the stable isotope records. Besides the GoM relationship to AMOC, as a regulator of heat transport to higher latitudes, we suggest that fluctuations in the LC rely on the migration of atmospheric circulation patterns and astronomical insolation forcing.
Separating the Precipitation‐ and Non‐Precipitation‐ Driven Water Storage Trends in China
Authors: Zhong Yulong , Bai Hongbing , Feng Wei , Lu Jing , Humphrey Vincent
Published: March 2023

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a critical component for sustainable societal development and ecosystem cycles. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites have tracked changes in global TWS under the combined effects of various factors with unprecedented accuracy since 2002. In this study, we separate the trends in TWS driven by precipitation and non‐precipitation factors for the Chinese mainland from 2003 to 2016 based on the statistical reconstruction method and linear regression and analyze the driving mechanisms combining with multi‐source data. The results show that: (a) during the study period, TWS shows different degrees of increase in most of the Yangtze River basin, the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and part of the Heilongjiang Province, while TWS shows a significant decrease in the Tien Shan Mountains, the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and the North China Plain; (b) precipitation is one of the dominant factors leading to the rise of TWS, and the construction of reservoirs and dams also contributes. In contrast, anthropogenic activities (agricultural irrigation, industrial water use, etc.) and accelerated glacial melting due to global warming are the dominant factors in the decline of water storage; (c) the contribution of long‐term precipitation change to water storage is significantly larger in the northern China region (north of the 800 mm isopleth). This study provides a feasible method for quantifying the contribution of precipitation and non‐precipitation factors to TWS, which is meaningful for understanding the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on water resources.
A universal hydrochloric acid-assistant powder-to-powder strategy for quick and mass preparation of lead-free perovskite microcrystals
Authors: Yang Huanxin , Chen Xiangxiang , Chu Yiyue , Sun Changjiu , Lu Haolin , Yuan Mingjian , Zhang Yuhai , Long Guankui , Zhang Libing , Li Xiyan
Published: March 2023

Lead-free halide perovskite materials possess low toxicity, broadband luminescence and robust stability compared with conventional lead-based perovskites, thus holding great promise for eyes-friendly white light LEDs. However, the traditionally used preparation methods with a long period and limited product yield have curtailed the commercialization of these materials. Here we introduce a universal hydrochloric acid-assistant powder-to-powder strategy which can accomplish the goals of thermal-, pressure-free, eco-friendliness, short time, low cost and high product yield, simultaneously. The obtained Cs2Na0.9Ag0.1In0.95Bi0.05Cl6microcrystals exhibit bright self-trapped excitons emission with quantum yield of (98.3 ± 3.8)%, which could retain (90.5 ± 1.3)% and (96.8 ± 0.8)% after continuous heating or ultraviolet-irradiation for 1000 h, respectively. The phosphor converted-LED exhibited near-unity conversion efficiency from ultraviolet chip to self-trapped excitons emission at ~200 mA. Various ions doping (such as Cs2Na0.9Ag0.1InCl6:Ln3+) and other derived lead-free perovskite materials (such as Cs2ZrCl6and Cs4MnBi2Cl12) with high luminous performance are all realized by our proposed strategy, which has shown excellent availability towards commercialization.
Structure and dynamics of the Arabidopsis O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY
Authors: Kumar Shivesh , Wang Yan , Zhou Ye , Dillard Lucas , Li Fay-Wei , Sciandra Carly A. , Sui Ning , Zentella Rodolfo , Zahn Emily , Shabanowitz Jeffrey , Hunt Donald F. , Borgnia Mario J. , Bartesaghi Alberto , Sun Tai-ping , Zhou Pei
Published: March 2023

SPINDLY (SPY) in Arabidopsis thaliana is a novel nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosyltransferase (POFUT), which regulates diverse developmental processes. Sequence analysis indicates that SPY is distinct from ER-localized POFUTs and contains N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) and a C-terminal catalytic domain resembling the O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferases (OGTs). However, the structural feature that determines the distinct enzymatic selectivity of SPY remains unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of SPY and its complex with GDP-fucose, revealing distinct active-site features enabling GDP-fucose instead of UDP-GlcNAc binding. SPY forms an antiparallel dimer instead of the X-shaped dimer in human OGT, and its catalytic domain interconverts among multiple conformations. Analysis of mass spectrometry, co-IP, fucosylation activity, and cryo-EM data further demonstrates that the N-terminal disordered peptide in SPY contains trans auto-fucosylation sites and inhibits the POFUT activity, whereas TPRs 1–5 dynamically regulate SPY activity by interfering with protein substrate binding.
Surface rupture and landscape response in the middle of the great Mw 8.3 1934 earthquake mesoseismal area: Khutti Khola site
Authors: Riesner Magali , Bollinger Laurent , Rizza Magali , Klinger Yann , Karakaş Çağıl , Sapkota Soma Nath , Shah Chanda , Guérin Cyrielle , Tapponnier Paul
Published: March 2023

Large earthquakes breaking the frontal faults of the Himalayan thrust system produce surface ruptures, quickly altered due to the monsoon conditions. Therefore, the location and existence of the Mw8.3 1934 Bihar–Nepal surface ruptures remain vividly disputed. Even though, previous studies revealed remnants of this surface rupture at the western end of the devastated zone, ruptures extent remains undocumented in its central part. Evidence for recent earthquakes is revealed along the frontal thrust in this region. The Khutti Khola river cuts an 8 m-high fault scarp exposing Siwalik siltstone thrusted over recent alluvial deposits, with faults sealed by a colluvial wedge and undeformed alluvial sediments. Detrital charcoals radiocarbon dating reveals that the last event occurred between the seventeenth century and the post-bomb era, advocating for the 1934 earthquake as the most recent event. In the hanging wall, fluvial terraces associated with fault scarps were abandoned after a penultimate event that happened after the tenth century, a rupture we associate with the historic earthquake of 1255CE. Slips of 11–17 m and 14–22 m for the 1934 and 1255 earthquakes, respectively, compare well with the ~ 10–15 m slip deficit accumulated between the two earthquakes, suggesting that most of the deformation along the front is accommodated by surface-rupturing earthquakes.