bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory prediction error drives subconscious motor learning outside of the laboratory
Authors: Albert Scott T. , Blaum Emily , Blustein Daniel H.
Published: February 2023

Sensorimotor adaptation is supported by at least two parallel learning systems: an intentionally controlled explicit strategy, and an involuntary implicit learning system. To investigate the error sources driving these two systems, past work focused on constrained reaches or finger movements in laboratory environments has shown subconscious learning systems to be driven in part by sensory prediction error (SPE), i.e., the mismatch between the realized and expected outcome of an action. We designed a ball rolling task to explore whether SPEs can drive implicit motor adaptation during complex whole-body movements that impart physical motion on external objects. After applying a visual shift, participants rapidly adapted their rolling angles to reduce the error between the ball and target. We removed all visual feedback and told participants to aim their throw directly toward the primary target, revealing an unintentional 5.06° implicit adjustment to reach angles that decayed over time. To determine whether this implicit adaptation was driven by SPE, we gave participants a second aiming target that would ‘solve’ the visual shift, as in Mazzoni and Krakauer (2006). Remarkably, after rapidly reducing ball rolling error to zero (due to enhancements in strategic aiming), the additional aiming target caused rolling angles to deviate beyond the primary target by 3.15°. This involuntary overcompensation, which worsened task performance, is a hallmark of SPE-driven implicit learning. These results show that SPE-driven implicit processes, previously observed within simplified finger or planar reaching movements, actively contribute to motor adaptation in more complex naturalistic skill-based tasks.

New and Noteworthy

Implicit and explicit learning systems have been detected using simple, constrained movements inside the laboratory. How these systems impact movements during complex whole-body, skill-based tasks has not been established. Here we demonstrate that sensory prediction errors significantly impact how a person updates their movements, replicating findings from the laboratory in an unconstrained ball-rolling task. This real-world validation is an important step towards explaining how subconscious learning helps humans execute common motor skills in dynamic environments.
Glutamatergic synaptic deficits in the prefrontal cortex of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome
Authors: Thomazeau Aurore , Lassalle Olivier , Manzoni Olivier J.
Published: February 2023

Down syndrome (DS), the most common form of intellectual disability, is a chromosomal disorder caused by having all or part of an extra chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disability. Contrary to the extensive research on the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS in the hippocampus, the synaptic foundation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) malfunction in individuals with DS, including working memory deficits, remains largely unclear. A previous study on mBACtgDyrk1a mice, which overexpress theDyrk1agene, showed that this overexpression negatively impacts spine density and synaptic molecular composition, causing synaptic plasticity deficits in the PFC. By comparing Ts65Dn mice, which overexpress multiple genes includingDyrk1a, and mBACtgDyrk1a mice, we aimed to better understand the role of different genes in DS. Results from electrophysiological experiments (i.e., patch-clamp and extracellular field potential recordings ex vivo) in Ts65Dn PFC male mice revealed modifications of intrinsic properties in layer V/VI pyramidal neurons and the synaptic plasticity range. Thus, long-term depression was abolished in Ts65Dn, while synaptic or pharmacological long-term potentiation were fully expressed in Ts65Dn mice. These results, illustrating the phenotypic divergence between the polygenic Ts65Dn model and the monogenic mBACtgDyrk1a model of DS, highlight the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the neurocognitive symptoms of DS.
Education differentiates cognitive performance and resting state fMRI connectivity in healthy aging
Authors: Montemurro Sonia , Filippini Nicola , Ferrazzi Giulio , Mantini Dante , Arcara Giorgio , Marino Marco
Published: February 2023

Objectives

In healthy aging, the way people differently cope with cognitive and neural decline is influenced by the exposure to cognitively enriching life-experiences. Education is one of them, so that in general the higher the education the better the expected cognitive performance in aging. At the neural level, it is not clear yet whether education can differentiate resting state functional connectivity profiles and their cognitive underpinnings. Thus, with this study, we aimed to investigate whether the variable education allowed for a finer description of age-related differences in cognition and resting state FC.

Methods

We analyzed in 197 healthy individuals (137 young adults aged 20-35, and 60 older adults aged 55-80 from the publicly available LEMON database), a pool of cognitive and neural variables, derived from magnetic resonance imaging, in relation to education. Firstly, we assessed age-related differences, by comparing young and older adults. Then, we investigated the possible role of education in outlining such differences, by splitting the group of older adults based on their education.

Results

In terms of cognitive performance, older adults with higher education and young adults were comparable in language and executive functions. Interestingly, they had a wider vocabulary compared to young adults and older adults with lower education. Concerning functional connectivity, the results showed significant age- and education-related differences within three networks: the Visual-Medial, the Dorsal Attentional and the Default Mode network (DMN). For the DMN, we also found a relationship with memory performance, which strengthen the evidence that this network has a specific role in linking cognitive maintenance and FC at rest in healthy aging.

Discussion

Our study revealed that education contributes to differentiate cognitive and neural profiles in healthy older adults. Also, the DMN could be a key network in this context, as it may reflect some compensatory mechanisms relative to memory capacities in older adults with higher education.
The ATM-E6AP-MASTL axis mediates DNA damage checkpoint recovery
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Wang Feifei , Li Xin , Wang Ling , Yang Zheng , You Zhongsheng , Peng Aimin
Published: February 2023

Checkpoint activation after DNA damage causes a transient cell cycle arrest by suppressing CDKs. However, it remains largely elusive how cell cycle recovery is initiated after DNA damage. In this study, we discovered the upregulated protein level of MASTL kinase hours after DNA damage. MASTL promotes cell cycle progression by preventing PP2A/B55-catalyzed dephosphorylation of CDK substrates. DNA damage-induced MASTL upregulation was caused by decreased protein degradation, and was unique among mitotic kinases. We identified E6AP as the E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediated MASTL degradation. MASTL degradation was inhibited upon DNA damage as a result of the dissociation of E6AP from MASTL. E6AP depletion reduced DNA damage signaling, and promoted cell cycle recovery from the DNA damage checkpoint, in a MASTL-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that E6AP was phosphorylated at Ser-218 by ATM after DNA damage and that this phosphorylation was required for its dissociation from MASTL, the stabilization of MASTL, and the timely recovery of cell cycle progression. Together, our data revealed that ATM/ATR-dependent signaling, while activating the DNA damage checkpoint, also initiates cell cycle recovery from the arrest. Consequently, this results in a timer-like mechanism that ensures the transient nature of the DNA damage checkpoint.
A KASP Marker for the Potato Late Blight Resistance GeneRB/Rpi-blb1
Authors: Sorensen Peyton L. , Christensen Grace , Karki Hari S. , Endelman Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2023

The disease late blight is a threat to potato production worldwide, making genetic resistance an important target for breeding. The resistance geneRB/Rpi-blb1is effective against most strains of the causal pathogen,Phytophthora infestans. Until now, potato breeders have utilized a Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker to screen forRB. Our objective was to design and validate a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker, which has advantages for high-throughput screening. First, the accuracy of the SCAR marker was confirmed in two segregating tetraploid populations. Then, using whole genome sequencing data for twoRB-positive segregants and a diverse set of 23RB-negative varieties, a SNP in the 5’ untranslated (UTR) region was identified as unique toRB. The KASP marker based on this SNP, which had 100% accuracy in the cultivated diversity panel, was used to generate diploid breeding lines containingRB. The KASP marker is publicly available for others to utilize.
Retrieved Sequence Augmentation for Protein Representation Learning
Authors: Ma Chang , Zhao Haiteng , Zheng Lin , Xin Jiayi , Li Qintong , Wu Lijun , Deng Zhihong , Lu Yang , Liu Qi , Kong Lingpeng
Published: February 2023

The advancement of protein representation learning has been significantly influenced by the remarkable progress in language models. Accordingly, protein language models perform inference from individual sequences, thereby limiting their capacity to incorporate evolutionary knowledge present in sequence variations. Existing solutions, which rely on Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSA), suffer from substantial computational overhead and suboptimal generalization performance for de novo proteins. In light of these problems, we introduce a novel paradigm called Retrieved Sequence Augmentation (RSA) that enhances protein representation learning without necessitating additional alignment or preprocessing. RSA associates query protein sequences with a collection of structurally or functionally similar sequences in the database and integrates them for subsequent predictions. We demonstrate that protein language models benefit from retrieval enhancement in both structural and property prediction tasks, achieving a 5% improvement over MSA Transformer on average while being 373 times faster. Furthermore, our model exhibits superior transferability to new protein domains and outperforms MSA Transformer in de novo protein prediction. This study fills a much-encountered gap in protein prediction and brings us a step closer to demystifying the domain knowledge needed to understand protein sequences. Code is available athttps://github.com/HKUNLP/RSA.
An efficient stochastic steering strategy of magnetic particles in vascular networks
Authors: Chen Kejie , Zhou Rongxin , Dong Xiaorui
Published: February 2023

One of the primary challenges of magnetic drug targeting is to achieve efficient and accurate delivery of drug particles to the desired sites in complex physiological conditions. Though a majority of drugs are delivered through intravenous administration, until now, the kinematics and dynamics of drug particles influenced by the magnetic field, vascular topology and blood flows are still less understood. In this work, a multi-physics dynamical model which captures transient particle motions in both artificial andin vivo-like 3D vascular networks manipulated by the time-varying magnetic field is developed. Based on the model, it is found that particles which perform a random walk with correlated speed and persistence (RWSP motion) inspired by the migratory motion of immune and metastasis cells have higher mobility and navigation ability in both 2D and 3D tree-like and web-like networks. Moreover, to steer particles to perform the efficient RWSP motion, a stochastic magnetic steering strategy which uses time-varying gradient magnetic field is proposed. Parameters of the steering strategy is optimized and the capability of controlling particles to achieve fast spreading and transport in the vascular networks is demonstrated. In addition, the influence of heterogeneous flows in the vascular networks on the particle steering efficiency is discussed. Overall, the numerical model and the magnetic steering strategy can be widely used in the drug delivery systems for precise medicine research.
The structural mechanism of MCIA complex assembly links mitochondrial redox pathways
Authors: McGregor Lindsay , Acajjaoui Samira , Desfosses Ambroise , Saïdi Melissa , Bacia-Verloop Maria , Schwarz Jennifer J. , Juyoux Pauline , von Velsen Jill , Bowler Matthew W. , McCarthy Andrew , Kandiah Eaazhisai , Leonard Gordon , Gutsche Irina , Soler-Lopez Montserrat
Published: February 2023

The mitochondrial Complex I assembly (MCIA) complex is an essential player in the biogenesis of respiratory Complex I (CI), the multiprotein complex responsible for the initiation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). It is not well understood how MCIA facilitates the assembly of CI. Here we report the structural basis of the complex formation between the MCIA subunits ECSIT and ACAD9. ECSIT binding induces a major conformational change in the FAD-binding loop of ACAD9, resulting in efflux of the FAD cofactor and redeployment of ACAD9 from fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) to CI assembly. We identify an adjacent α-helix as a key structural element that specifically enables the CI assembly functionality of ACAD9, distinguishing it from its closely related VLCAD counterpart. Furthermore, we show that ECSIT is phosphorylatedin vitroandex celluloand provide evidence that phosphorylation downregulates its association with ACAD9. Interestingly, ECSIT has previously been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and here we show that ECSIT phosphorylation in neuronal cells is reduced upon exposure to amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers.

These findings shed light on the assembly of the MCIA complex and implicate ECSIT as a potential reprogrammer of bioenergetic metabolic pathways that can be altered when mitochondria are affected by Aβ toxicity, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.
Practice implications of phenomenological research with substance-using parents whose children were subject to social care interventions
Authors: Goddard Kashmir , Montague Jane , Elander James
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to reflect on ways that the experiences of vulnerable users of drug and alcohol services can inform social work practice and policy to improve treatment engagement and mitigate negative responses to interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research used semi-structured interviews and photovoice in an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of people in treatment for drug or alcohol problems whose child was the subject of a Child Protection or Child in Need order.

Findings

The research gave insights into participants’ experiences of loss of control, unfairness and stigma. Participants described how they felt powerless in the social services system and were afraid to be open and honest with practitioners for fear of having their children removed.

Practical implications

The research highlighted the need for more training and professional development for social work practitioners to address power imbalance issues, and the need to promote non-threatening professional practice that removes penalties for disclosure of substance use, enabling substance users who are parents to be more honest about their drug use.

Social implications

The research showed the value of phenomenological methods for investigating sensitive issues with vulnerable users of treatment services in a way that can inform policy and practice.

Originality/value

This paper explores ways that phenomenological research with vulnerable, hard-to-reach participants can produce insights about the potential benefits of social work practice that is non-threatening and encourages greater openness and honesty among substance users who are parents.
From ruins to heritage tourism sites: Exploring tourists’ perceptions, evaluations and behavioral intentions toward natural disaster sites
Authors: Wang Jinwei , He Qimin , Qian Lili , Wang Guoquan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to reveal the empirical linkage between tourists’ perspectives and attitudes towards disaster ruins and dark tourism by attesting influence relationships between disaster memorials perception, dark tourism evaluation, as well as heritage protection and tourism development intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis was used on a sample of 413 valid visitor questionnaires collected at the 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial Museum, Sichuan Province, China.

Findings

Disaster memorials perception positively influences positive evaluation of dark tourism, heritage protection intention and tourism development intention, while negatively influencing negative evaluation of dark tourism. Furthermore, positive evaluation of dark tourism and heritage protection intention positively affect tourism development intention. In addition, prior knowledge is a significant moderator in the research model.

Originality/value

This study applied the stimulus-organism-response framework and social exchange theory to predict tourists’ behavioral intention toward disaster memorials, providing valuable insights to dark tourism research. It illuminates tourists’ psychological and behavioral characteristics at natural disaster sites and deepens research on the human–nature relationship from the disaster perspective.
A severe case of primary erythromelalgia presenting as small fiber neuropathy with a novel SCN9A mutation
Authors: Watabe Daisuke , Tominaga Mitsutoshi , Toyama Sumika , Takamori Kenji , Nakano Hajime , Amano Hiroo
Published: February 2023

Primary erythromelalgia (PEM) is a rare condition characterized by severe burning pain, erythema, and increased temperature in the extremeties. Mutations in the Nav1.7 sodium channel encoded by the SCN9A are responsible for PEM. The pathophysiology of PEM is unclear, but the involvement of neurogenic and vasogenic mechanisms has been suggested. Here we report a case of severe PEM in a 9‐year‐old child with a novel SCN9A mutation and examine the distribution of nerve fibers and expression of neuropeptides in the affected skin. Gene mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation p.L951I (c.2851C>A) in the heterozygous form of the SCN9A. An immunofluorescence study showed that intraepidermal nerve fibers were decreased in the affected leg, suggesting small fiber neuropathy. There was no increase in the expression of substance P (SP) or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in the lesional skin tissue. These findings suggest SP and CGRP do not play a major role in the pathophysiology of primary erythromelalgia.
Countercultural Misunderstandings: Alternative Art and Cold War Politics
Authors: Kemp‐Welch Klara
Published: February 2023

Drawing on Theodore Roszak's 1969 classic, The Making of a Counter Culture: Reflections on the Technocratic Society and its Youthful Opposition, this essay argues that the difficulties experienced by members of the counterculture in establishing bonds of solidarity with potentially like‐minded groups were often shared by alternative artists working internationally post‐1968. Opening with a case study in hostile American feedback on the politics of Russian émigré art in early 1980s New York, the article works through a range of unintended and intentional misunderstandings among leftist art workers and countercultural figures, whose political positions were formed in different centres and peripheries. Arguing that alternative art should be viewed as part of a shared, anti‐technocratic project, the article proposes that glitches in communication are worth lingering over, as we continue to grapple with different accounts of historical developments, and seek to find ways of working across borders in polarized times.
To care for them, we need to take care of ourselves: A qualitative study on the health of home health aides
Authors: Cho Jacklyn , Toffey Brittany , Silva Ariel F. , Shalev Ariel , Safford Monika M. , Phillips Erica , Lee Ann , Wiggins Faith , Kozlov Elissa , Tsui Emma K. , Dell Nicola , Avgar Ariel C. , Andreae Susan J. , Sterling Madeline R.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To understand the perspectives of home health aides (HHAs) toward their own health and health behaviors, and how their job impacts both.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Interviews were conducted with 28 HHAs from 16 unique home care agencies from August 2021 to January 2022. The study was conducted in partnership with the 1199SEIU Training and Employment Fund, a labor‐management fund of the largest health care union in the US.

Study Design

A qualitative study with English and Spanish‐speaking HHAs. Interviews were conducted using a semi‐structured topic guide, informed by Pender's Health Promotion Model and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Total Worker Health Model. To be eligible, HHAs had to be currently employed by a home care agency in New York, NY.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed thematically.

Principal Findings

The 28 HHAs had a mean age of 47.6 years (SD 11.1), 39% were non‐Hispanic Black, 43% were Hispanic, and they had a mean of 14.1 years (SD 7.8) of job experience. Five themes emerged; HHAs were: (1) Healthy enough to work, but were managing their own chronic conditions while working; (2) Motivated to be healthy, in part driven by their desire to care for others; (3) Worked closely with sick patients, which influenced their perceptions of health; (4) Experienced occupational and patient‐level barriers to practicing healthy behaviors; (5) Sought support and resources to improve their health and wellbeing.

Conclusions

HHAs have numerous health challenges, many of which are influenced by their job. Culturally and occupationally tailored interventions may mitigate the barriers that HHAs experience to achieve optimal health.
Toward sustainable use of natural resources: Nexus between resource rents, affluence, energy intensity and carbon emissions in developing and transition economies
Authors: Nwani Chinazaekpere , Bekun Festus V. , Gyamfi Bright A. , Effiong Ekpeno L. , Alola Andrew A.
Published: February 2023

Sustainable use of natural resources would entail ensuring that derived economic benefits today do not undermine the welfare of generations to come. On this basis, this study examines the nexus between natural resource rents and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions disaggregated into production and consumption‐based (i.e., trade‐adjusted) CO2 emissions for a selected panel of 45 developing and transition economies over the period 1995–2017. The empirical model also incorporates the impacts of population, affluence, and energy intensity. The results show that affluence increases production‐based CO2 emissions by 1.407%, with the EKC's predicted inverted U‐shaped curve only explaining consumption‐based CO2 emissions. Economic reliance on natural resource rents and energy intensification contribute 0.022% and 0.766%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in territorial production inventories and 0.035% and 0.583%, respectively, to CO2 emissions embedded in consumption inventories. The bootstrap non‐causality test shows that historical data on each variable has significant predictive power for future CO2 emissions from both sources. The historical information about natural resource rents has significant predictive power over the future levels of affluence and energy intensity. Clearly, the results show that the environmental impact of natural resource rents is stronger when CO2 emissions are adjusted for trade and varies among the countries, with Bangladesh, Guinea, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe among the most affected countries. Overall, this study provides motivation for policies to keep the use of natural resources within sustainable limits.
Gender diversity and leadership in Radiation Oncology in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Hesselberg Gina , James Melissa , Turner Sandra , Gupta Nishant , Mackenzie Penny
Published: February 2023

Introduction

There has been a groundswell of discussion and activism surrounding gender diversity. Given the growing importance of this issue, a working group was established under the Faculty of Radiation Oncology (FRO) of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists' (RANZCR) Economics and Workforce Committee (EWC) to review the current status of gender diversity within radiation oncology (RO) in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods

De‐identified data were provided from two recent FRO workforce censuses conducted in 2014 and 2018 with permission from the EWC. Further data were provided via direct correspondence with staff at the RANZCR and the Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG), the major RO research group in Australasia. The data were collated in February 2021.

Results

Our results showed that compared to females, male radiation oncologists were more likely to be engaged in full‐time active clinical work, hold a postgraduate degree and obtain a consultant or fellowship position following graduation. Male fellows were more likely to have leadership positions within RANZCR and TROG and self‐identify as holding any leadership position. The 2018 census revealed that within the trainee cohort, there was almost an equal number of male and female trainees as well as an equal number of male and female trainees holding a postgraduate degree.

Conclusion

This review is an important first exploration into gender diversity across Australia and New Zealand's RO workforce. Whilst our study indicates that gender disparities exist, there are some indications that this may be equalizing out over time.
SAPHO syndrome with Takayasu arteritis successfully treated with tofacitinib
Authors: Ru Chen , Qian Tangliang , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Chaoxin , Li Weizhong , Hou Xiujuan , Li Chen
Published: February 2023

SAPHO syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease with a variety of clinical manifestations, which may be accompanied by other systemic inflammatory diseases in addition to the typical manifestations of common synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. Here, we report the first case of SAPHO syndrome combined with Takayasu arteritis.
Serious spondylodiscitis, septic sacroiliitis and multiple abscesses after ozone therapy for low back pain: A case report on good response to combined treatment with empiric antibiotic and neridronate
Authors: Erroi Francesca , Rotondo Cinzia , Sciacca Stefania , Trotta Antonello , Cantatore Francesco Paolo , Corrado Addolorata
Published: February 2023

Ozone therapy is a minimally invasive technique now widely used for the treatment of pain due to herniated discs. In literature there are conflicting results concerning its real effectiveness and few data about its possible complications. In this case report we present a case of spondylodiscitis, septic arthritis and gluteal abscess following the execution of 4 sessions of ozone therapy. Given the impossibility of isolating the etiological agent, an empirical antibiotic therapy with an overall duration of 6 weeks was set up, initially with daptomycin and ceftriazone, to which was added after 2 days metronidazole, administered intravenously; after 20 days the cephalosporin was replaced with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate. Neridronate was added to treat bone edema and to avoid bone erosion. The patient showed improvement of both clinical conditions and inflammation indexes, and was discharged after 4 weeks without further complications at follow‐up. Few cases are reported in the literature about spondylodiscitis secondary to ozone treatment, and just 1 case is described about the use of neridronate as additive drug to antibiotic treatment in spondylodiscitis to avoid bone disruption and surgery complications.
Real‐world practice in Peyronie's disease management: Results from a national survey of urologists
Authors: Brant Aaron , Basourakos Spyridon P. , Lewicki Patrick , Kang Caroline , Marinaro Jessica , Punjani Nahid , Kashanian James A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Despite many available treatments for Peyronie's disease (PD), practice patterns of available therapeutics are not well characterized.

Objective

We conducted a national survey of urologists to characterize real‐world practice patterns of PD management and to characterize the use of therapies discouraged by the American Urological Association guidelines on PD management.

Materials and methods

A 34‐item survey was distributed via RedCap to urologists who treat patients with PD in all American Urological Association sections. Questions elicited demographic information as well as practices in the diagnosis and treatment of PD. Comparisons were made with Pearson's chi‐squared test. The primary outcome was reported use of therapies discouraged by the American Urological Association guidelines on PD.

Results

A total of 145 respondents completed the survey, of whom 19% were fellowship trained in andrology/sexual medicine, 36% practiced in an academic setting, and 50% had at least 20 years in practice. Only 60% of respondents reporting performing in‐office curvature assessment prior to commencing intralesional injection or surgical treatment, with higher prevalence in andrology/sexual medicine fellowship‐trained versus non‐fellowship‐trained urologists (85% vs. 54%, p = 0.003). The most popular treatment modalities were collagenase clostridium histolyticum (61% of respondents), phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (54%), and penile traction (53%). Twenty‐one percent of respondents reported currently using a treatment that is explicitly discouraged by the American Urological Association guidelines (extracorporeal shockwave therapy for curvature, L‐carnitine, omega‐3 fatty acids, or vitamin E).

Discussion

Patients seeking PD treatment may be offered different therapies, some of which are not evidence‐based, depending on the treating urologist. This study is limited by self‐selection and response bias. Its strength is that it represents a cross‐sectional overview of real‐world practice patterns in PD management, which has not been previously described.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of urologists reported PD management practices that are not evidence‐based and not guideline‐supported.
Limb salvage surgery reconstructive techniques following long‐bone lower limb oncological resection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hovav Oliver , Kolonko Sarah , Zahir Syeda Farah , Velli Gina , Chouhan Prem , Wagels Michael
Published: February 2023

Background

Limb salvage surgery (LSS) is now considered the gold standard surgical treatment for lower limb bone sarcomas. However, there is a paucity of literature comparing the various LSS reconstructive options. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to compare functional outcomes and complications of LSS reconstructive techniques.

Methods

The primary aim of the meta‐analysis was to determine functional outcomes from the pooled data utilizing the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score (MSTS). Comparisons could then made for this outcome between biological and prosthetic, vascularised and non‐vascularised, and prosthetic and composite reconstructions. The secondary aim was to compare complication outcomes of each reconstruction. Standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) and odds ratios were estimated using a random effects model.

Results

Fourteen studies with a total of 785 patients were included. We found structural failure was 75% less likely to occur in prosthetic reconstruction compared to biological (OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07–0.79; P = 0.02). We did not find any evidence of difference in function (MSTS score) between vascularised verses non‐vascularised reconstructions (Cohen's d = −1.14; 95% CI = −3.06 to 0.78; I2 = 87%). Other analyses comparing complications found no difference between the reconstructive groups.

Conclusion

The study found no correlation between functional outcomes and the type of LSS reconstruction. Structural failure was more likely to occur in biological when compared with prosthetic reconstruction. There was no correlation between the incidence of other complications and the type of LSS technique. This suggests a role for improved approaches to reconstruction methods including bioprinting and bioresorbable devices.
Pulmonary important outcomes after extremely preterm birth: Parental perspectives
Authors: Thivierge Emilie , Luu Thuy Mai , Bourque Claude Julie , Barrington Keith J. , Pearce Rebecca , Jaworski Magdalena , Janvier Annie
Published: February 2023

Aim

To describe pulmonary important outcomes (PIO) reported by parents of children born extremely preterm.

Methods

Over 1‐year, all parents of children aged 18 months–7‐years born <29 weeks' GA were asked regarding their perspectives. The proportion of parents who described PIO and the themes they invoked were examined. Results were analysed using mixed methods.

Results

Among parental responses (n = 285, 98% participation rate), 44% spoke about PIO, invoking 24 themes pertaining to NICU hospitalisation and/or long‐term respiratory health. Some themes had an impact primarily on the child (e.g. exercise limitation), while the majority had an impact on the whole family (e.g. hospital readmissions). None mentioned oxygen at 36 weeks nor bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The proportion of responses invoking PIO were statistically similar between parents of children with and without BPD, born before or after 25 weeks or with birthweight < or ≥750 g. PIO were more likely to be mentioned in males and among those readmitted for respiratory problems.

Conclusion

Parents describe many PIO, most related to the functional impact of lung disease on their child (and family), rather than the diagnosis of BPD itself. Most of these PIO are not primary outcomes in large neonatal trials nor collected in neonatal databases.
Letter: tofacitinib in the real world – do clinical trial data stand up?
Authors: Gilmore Robert , Tassone Daniel , Ding Nik S.
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Straatmijer et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17248
Letter: comment on Park et al – the association of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease between parents and adolescent children – authors' reply
Authors: Park Yewan , Sinn Dong Hyun , Gwak Geum‐Youn
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Park et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17257 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17390
Oral mucosal graft ureteroplasty versus ileal ureteric replacement: a meta‐analysis
Authors: You Yongqiang , Gao Xincheng , Chai Shuaishuai , Chen Jiawei , Wang Jianli , Zhang Hao , Zhou Yuancheng , Yu Zehao , Cheng Gong , Li Bing , Xiao Xingyuan
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To describe outcomes of oral mucosal graft ureteroplasty (OMGU) and ileal ureter replacement (IUR) and determine the relative merits of both procedures.

Methods

Databases (including PubMed, Embase and Cochrane) were interrogated for eligible trials that assessed outcomes of OMGU or IUR from 2000 to 30 July 2022. The variables analysed were reconstruction success rates, stricture length, hospital stays, perioperative complications and long‐term complications.

Results

A total of 23 single‐arm studies were included. The pooled reconstruction success rates for OMGU and IUR were 94.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.0%–97.7%) and 85.8% (95% CI 81.0%–90.0%), respectively. Stricture length of patients in the OMGU and IUR groups were 3.73 (95% CI 3.17–4.28) and 11.55 (95% CI 9.82–13.29) cm, respectively. The maximal stricture length repaired by OMGU was 8 cm. The hospital stays were 5.85 (95% CI 3.88–7.82) and 11.55 (95% CI 6.93–16.17) days in the OMGU and IUR groups, respectively. The incidences of low‐grade postoperative complications were 13.6% (95% CI 6.9%–20.3%) and 27.3% (95% CI 19.5%–35.1%), high‐grade postoperative complications were 4.6% (95% CI 1.8I–8.5%) and 13.0% (95% CI 9.4%–17.1%), and long‐term complications (occurred at > 3months) were 9.0% (95% CI 1.7%–20.0%) and 35.4% (95% CI 25.8%–45.6%) in the OMGU and IUR groups, respectively.

Conclusion

An OMGU is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe alternative to IUR for the management of long ureteric strictures. OMGU was the preferred treatment for long ureteric strictures, especially obstructed ureter segments of ≤8 cm.
Sedimentary architecture and glacial hydrodynamic significance of the stratified Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sharpe David R. , Russell Hazen A. J.
Published: February 2023

High‐quality subsurface data provide new insights into the formation of Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM), an ~80 km3sequence of stratified meltwater deposits resting >200 m above adjacent Lake Ontario. The ORM sedimentary succession comprises a three‐part regional architecture: (i) ~north–south channel sand–gravel; (ii) channel‐capping rhythmites; and (iii) east–west ridge sediments. The ORM depositional sequence overlies a regional unconformity with a cross‐cutting channel network resulting from ~north–south meltwater floods that transitioned progressively (falling stage) from a ~NNE to ENE flow direction (parallels Lake Ontario depression). Seismic profiles delineate the channels and channel fill characteristics of bank‐to‐bank channel sedimentation of thick gradational gravel–sand–mud sequences. Channel‐capping mud (~100–236 rhythmites) within multiple channels beneath the ORM landform mark a widespread interval of low‐energy, seasonally controlled subglacial pond deposition. During this quiescent period ice‐sheet thickness adjusted to flood‐induced stretching/thinning and re‐profiled slopes. New ice gradients led to east–west flow and deposition of the overlying third element, a sequence of high‐energy confined esker–fan sediments along ORM ridge. Close, sequential timing (~329 varve years) of channel, basin and ridge‐forming architectural elements supports naming this assemblage the ORM formation. Proposed ORM floods are analogous to Icelandic jökulhlaups based on the size, geometry and sedimentology. The observed rhythmite interval between flood events represents a short period (~236 years) of regional meltwater storage prior to east–west ORM flooding. The ORM channel and overlying esker‐fan sediment ridge represent two closely timed meltwater drainage events rather than formation by coalescing ice streams. The scale and timing of the ORM flood events are linked to rapid sea‐level rise, ~13.5 ka BP. This high‐resolution ORM sedimentological record may provide insights into depositional and glaciogenic controls of other large, stratified moraines. The ORM data indicate deposition in response to hydrodynamic events (outbreak floods, re‐profiled ice) rather than direct climate forcing.
Multigenerational care or parental care? Familial care types, social–emotional development and mediation of parent–child relationship of single‐parent children in mainland China
Authors: Wang Miao , Fan Yao , Zhang Qingzhu , Sun Qian , Wan Guowei , Hong Jun Sung
Published: February 2023

Children from single‐parent families are at risk for problems related to social–emotional development (SED). This study investigated the associations between familial care types and single‐parent children's SED, and the possible pathways through the mediation of parent–child relationship. This study analysed 431 single‐parent children (50.0% girls) drawn from a local database with a total of 2507 children studying in Grades 4 to 8. We compared the SED of single‐parent children in multigenerational care and those in parental care. We then tested the possible mediating effect of parent–child relationship between familial care types and children's SED. The study found that there were no deficits in the SED of single‐parent children in multigenerational care compared with those in parental care. Multigenerational care had no direct relationship with the SED of single‐parent children after the mediator of the parent–child relationship was entered. The parent–child relationship mediated the associations between familial care types and four dimensions of the single‐parent children's SED. These findings provided support for multigenerational and parental care, and also directions for family care strategies and developing social service programmes to promote the SED of single‐parent children in China.
Microreticular perineurioma: A new morphological subtype of a rare entity
Authors: Salah Haneen T. , D'ardis Julieta A. , Enos Tyler , Klimas Natasha , Gerber Howard B.
Published: February 2023

Perineurioma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Several subtypes have been described, including plexiform, reticular, and sclerosing. The reticular variant has been previously described as having a net or lace‐like growth pattern consisting of large anastomosing cords of spindle‐shaped cells. We report a case of an 11‐year‐old male who presented with a 2‐year history of a slowly enlarging, tan‐white lesion on the finger. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of cells with ovoid nuclei and delicate, elongate cytoplasmic processes, arranged in a microreticular pattern. The lesional cells were markedly positive for epithelial membrane antigen and claudin‐1. Based on these features and the unusual morphology, the case was called a microreticular perineuroma. The patient underwent complete excision of the lesion with no recurrence 9 months after follow‐up. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this morphologic variant. Awareness of this entity is important to avoid inappropriate management.
How does e‐commerce demonstration city improve urban innovation? Evidence from China
Authors: Zhou Cai , Li Bowen
Published: February 2023

This paper provides a feasible way to realize urban innovation through the e‐commerce pilot. Based on the data of 289 cities in China from 2002 to 2019, we examine the impact of the National E‐commerce Demonstration City pilot on urban innovation with a staggered difference‐in‐differences method. The results show that after becoming a pilot city of National E‐commerce Demonstration Cities (NEDC), the quantity and quality of urban innovation have improved. Further, NEDC policy plays a greater role in promoting innovation in economically agglomerated areas, first‐and third‐tier cities and areas with a higher degree of marketization. Finally, NEDC policy can affect the level of urban innovation by optimizing the allocation of innovation factors, improving the efficiency of credit resource allocation and forming the logistics scale effect.
Brentano's theory of intentionality
Authors: Montague Michelle
Published: February 2023

Chapters Five through Nine of Book Two of Brentano's 1874 Psychology From an Empirical Standpoint were republished in 1911 with a substantive Appendix of Brentano's remarks. In the Appendix Brentano makes a significant addition to his theory of intentionality. In particular, he introduces new modes within the mode of presentation itself. These new modes are needed to account for our thinking about anything in a relational structure (in recto and in obliquo modes) and for our thoughts about time (the temporal mode). I want to suggest that in the end Brentano simply takes relations to be different kinds of modes.
Extending eco‐evolutionary theory with oligomorphic dynamics
Authors: Lion Sébastien , Sasaki Akira , Boots Mike
Published: February 2023

Understanding the interplay between ecological processes and the evolutionary dynamics of quantitative traits in natural systems remains a major challenge. Two main theoretical frameworks are used to address this question, adaptive dynamics and quantitative genetics, both of which have strengths and limitations and are often used by distinct research communities to address different questions. In order to make progress, new theoretical developments are needed that integrate these approaches and strengthen the link to empirical data. Here, we discuss a novel theoretical framework that bridges the gap between quantitative genetics and adaptive dynamics approaches. ‘Oligomorphic dynamics’ can be used to analyse eco‐evolutionary dynamics across different time scales and extends quantitative genetics theory to account for multimodal trait distributions, the dynamical nature of genetic variance, the potential for disruptive selection due to ecological feedbacks, and the non‐normal or skewed trait distributions encountered in nature. Oligomorphic dynamics explicitly takes into account the effect of environmental feedback, such as frequency‐ and density‐dependent selection, on the dynamics of multi‐modal trait distributions and we argue it has the potential to facilitate a much tighter integration between eco‐evolutionary theory and empirical data.
A pharmacokinetic model of antiseizure medication load to guide care in the epilepsy monitoring unit
Authors: Ghosn Nina J. , Xie Kevin , Pattnaik Akash R. , Gugger James J. , Ellis Colin A. , Sweeney Elizabeth , Fox Emily , Bernabei John M. , Johnson Jenaye , Boccanfuso Jacqueline , Litt Brian , Conrad Erin C.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Evaluating patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy often requires inducing seizures by tapering antiseizure medications (ASMs) in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). The relationship between ASM taper strategy, seizure timing, and severity remains unclear. In this study, we developed and validated a pharmacokinetic model of total ASM load and tested its association with seizure occurrence and severity in the EMU.

Methods

We studied 80 patients who underwent intracranial electroencephalographic recording for epilepsy surgery planning. We developed a first order pharmacokinetic model of the ASMs administered in the EMU to generate a continuous metric of overall ASM load. We then related modeled ASM load to seizure likelihood and severity. We determined the association between the rate of ASM load reduction, the length of hospital stay, and the probability of having a severe seizure. Finally, we used modeled ASM load to predict oncoming seizures.

Results

Seizures occurred in the bottom 50th percentile of sampled ASM loads across the cohort (p < .0001, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test), and seizures requiring rescue therapy occurred at lower ASM loads than seizures that did not require rescue therapy (logistic regression mixed effects model, odds ratio = .27, p = .01). Greater ASM decrease early in the EMU was not associated with an increased likelihood of having a severe seizure, nor with a shorter length of stay.

Significance

A pharmacokinetic model can accurately estimate ASM levels for patients in the EMU. Lower modeled ASM levels are associated with increased seizure likelihood and seizure severity. We show that ASM load, rather than ASM taper speed, is associated with severe seizures. ASM modeling has the potential to help optimize taper strategy to minimize severe seizures while maximizing diagnostic yield.
Are mergers and acquisitions beneficial to consumers? Evidence from the property‐liability insurance industry
Authors: Shim Jeungbo
Published: February 2023

We examine price changes associated with mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the U.S. property‐liability insurance industry. We classify M&As into intrastate M&As, where the acquirer and the target previously operated in the same local market, and interstate M&As, where the acquirer and the target operated in different local markets. We show that insurance prices of acquiring firms decrease following interstate M&As, whereas there is no significant effect of M&As on price changes in intrastate consolidation. Using an interaction term between interstate M&A indicators and acquirers’ efficiency, we find evidence to suggest that acquirers’ efficiency can explain the price decrease in interstate M&As. It appears that acquirers’ efficiency can be passed on to consumers, and interstate M&As have a beneficial effect on consumers in the form of reduced prices.