bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Knowledge of Spatial Configuration in Adults with Visual Impairments Improve with Tactile Exposure to a Small-scale Model of Their Urban Environment?
Authors: Picard Delphine , Pry René
Published: January 2019

This study assessed the efficiency of a model of a familiar urban area for enhancing knowledge of the spatial environment by adults with visual impairments. It found a significant improvement in knowledge of spatial configuration after exposure to the model, suggesting that models are powerful means of developing cognitive mapping in people who are visually impaired.
Collaborative Outcome Measurement: Development of the Nationally Standardized Minimum Data Set
Authors: Stephens Barry C. , Kirchner Corinne , Orr Alberta L. , Suvino Dawn , Rogers Priscilla
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the challenging process of developing a common data set for independent living programs serving older adults who are visually impaired. The three-year project, which included collaborative efforts among many stakeholders that encompass diverse program models, resulted in the development of the Internet-based Nationally Standardized Minimum Dataset.
A Three-phase Qualitative Study of Dual-Certified Vision Education Professionals in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Griffin-Shirley Nora , Pogrund Rona L. , Smith Derrick W. , Duemer Lee
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the roles and responsibilities of vision education professionals who are dual-certified as teachers of students with visual impairments and orientation and mobility specialists. Through three phases, the study combined interviews and observations of the vision professionals with interviews with their administrators.
Knowledge and Skills for Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments Supervising the Work of Paraeducators
Authors: Lewis Sandra , McKenzie Amy R.
Published: January 2019

Teachers of students with visual impairments and paraeducators who work with students with visual impairments were surveyed to determine if previous research related to the competencies needed by teachers who supervise paraeducators applied to this subset of special educators. Both groups confirmed the importance of the competencies, but identified differences in their demonstration by teachers of students with visual impairments.
Interaction Coaching with Mothers of Children with Congenital Deaf-Blindness at Home: Applying the Diagnostic Intervention Model
Authors: Janssen Marleen J. , Riksen-Walraven J. Marianne , van Dijk Jan P. M. , Ruijssenaars Wied A. J. J. M.
Published: January 2019

This article describes the application of the Diagnostic Intervention Model and its effects in two case studies of 3-year-old boys, Rolf and Ruud, using individual interaction coaching with their mothers. Positive effects were found for all the target categories in both cases, although an interaction that used materials appeared to be more complex.
The Postural Responses to a Moving Environment of Adults who are Blind
Authors: Stoffregen Thomas A. , Ito Kiyohide , Hove Philip , Yank Jane Redfield , Bardy Benoit G.
Published: January 2019

Adults who are blind stood in a room that could be moved around them. A sound source moved with the room, simulating the acoustic consequences of body sway. Body sway was greater when the room moved than when it was stationary, suggesting that sound may have been used to control stance.
Design and Evaluation of a Protocol to assess Electronic Travel Aids for Persons who are Visually Impaired
Authors: Havik Else M. , Steyvers Frank J. J. M. , van der Velde Hanneke , Pinkster J. Christiaan , Kooijman Aart C.
Published: January 2019

This study evaluated a protocol that was developed to assess how beneficial electronic travel aids are for persons who are visually impaired. Twenty persons with visual impairments used an electronic travel device (Trekker) for six weeks to conform to the protocol, which proved useful in identifying successful users of the device.
A Best-Evidence Synthesis of Research on Orientation and Mobility Involving Tactile Maps and Models
Authors: Wright Tessa , Harris Beth , Sticken Eric
Published: January 2019

A review of the literature from 1965 to 2008 on tactile maps and models in orientation and mobility yielded four pre-experimental and three experimental articles. The articles were analyzed via best-evidence synthesis—a combined narrative and statistical approach—allowing for recommendations for the most effective use of tactile maps and models.
Factors Related to the Employment of Visually Impaired Persons: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Goertz Yvonne H. H. , van Lierop Brigitte A. G. , Houkes Inge , Nijhuis Frans J. N.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to increase understanding of the factors that influence the labor force participation of persons who are visually impaired. Labor force participation was associated with many factors, such as communication training and education. Future research should focus on high-quality studies of labor force participation and underemployment in more countries.
A Survey of Parents of Children with Cortical or Cerebral Visual Impairment
Authors: Jackel Bernadette , Wilson Michelle , Hartmann Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

This article summarizes the results of a survey of 80 parents of children with cortical or cerebral visual impairment (CVI) regarding how a CVI diagnosis is received and supports that are provided after the diagnosis, the educational supports received by children with CVI, and the parents’ perceptions of the supports that they and their children receive.
The Effects of a Nutritional Intervention on the Nutritional Knowledge of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments
Authors: Celeste-Williams Lyndsey , Lieberman Lauren J. , Banerjee Priya , Boyle Jennifer
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutritional program on the nutritional knowledge of children and adolescents with visual impairments. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups and that age and vision had no effect on the acquisition of nutritional knowledge.
The Acuity of Echolocation: Spatial Resolution in Sighted Persons Compared to the Performance of an Expert who is Blind
Authors: Teng Santani , Whitney David
Published: January 2019

Compared with the echolocation performance of an expert who is blind, sighted novices rapidly learned size and position discrimination with surprising precision. We used a novel task to characterize the population distribution of echolocation skills in sighted persons and report the highest-known human echolocation acuity in the expert who is blind.
Comparing Tactile Maps and Haptic Digital Representations of a Maritime Environment
Authors: Simonnet Mathieu , Vieilledent Stéphane , Jacobson R. Daniel , Tisseau Jacques
Published: January 2019

A map exploration and representation exercise was conducted with participants who were totally blind. Representations of maritime environments were presented either with a tactile map or with a digital haptic virtual map. We assessed the knowledge of spatial configurations using a triangulation technique. The results revealed that both types of map learning were equivalent.
The Brussels Metro: Accessibility through Collaboration
Authors: Strickfaden Megan , Devlieger Patrick
Published: January 2019

This article describes and analyzes the development of a navigation and orientation system for people with visual impairments as it evolved over three decades. It includes reflections on how users have been involved in the redesign process and illustrates how people with and without disabilities have collaborated to create a more suitable and accessible transportation system.
Getting from Here to There and Knowing Where: Teaching Global Positioning Systems to Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Phillips Craig L.
Published: January 2019

Global Positioning Systems’ (GPS) technology is available for individuals with visual impairments to use in wayfinding and address Lowenfeld's “three limitations of blindness.” The considerations and methodologies for teaching GPS usage have developed over time as GPS information and devices have been integrated into orientation and mobility lessons with children, adults, teachers, parents, and orientation and mobility specialists.
Examining the Impact of “Quiet” Vehicles on the Performance of Orientation and Mobility Tasks by Pedestrians who are Blind
Authors: Emerson Robert Wall , Kim Dae Shik , Naghshineh Koorosh , Pliskow Jay , Myers Kyle
Published: January 2019

Participants who are blind discriminated vehicle paths and made crossing decisions for hybrid vehicles with and without artificial sounds added. Several artificial sounds matched the performance of tasks observed with vehicles with internal combustion engines. These data, with previous vehicle-detection results, indicate that selecting artificial sounds for “quiet” vehicles based only on detection data is problematic.
Is my World Getting Smaller? The Challenges of Living with Vision Loss
Authors: Berger Sue
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Vision loss influences both basic and instrumental activities of daily living. There is limited information, however, on the relationship between vision loss and leisure activities. The research presented here was part of a larger study that aimed to understand the importance of participation in leisure activities for those with vision loss. This article focuses on one key theme that emerged from the data: the challenge of engaging in leisure activities outside the home for older adults with vision loss.

Methods

Semistructured interviews and participant observation were used to collect data from 26 adults aged 70 years and older with vision loss. Only those who perceived themselves to be in good or excellent overall health, separate from vision loss, were included.

Results

Themes that emerged related to limited leisure activities outside the home included both personal and environmental factors, such as challenging physical environments, struggling to “get there,” feelings of vulnerability, having decreased energy, and lacking assertiveness.

Discussion

The results indicated that vision loss is a key factor that limits one's ability to engage in out-of-home activities. There is a mismatch between environmental and personal factors that prevents participation in many activities. Although it appears that the participants chose not to engage in leisure activities outside the home because the activities were not within their competence, it is clear that these decisions were neither easy nor desirable.

Implications for practitioners

Therapists who provide services to older adults with vision loss should work with their clients to explore ways to facilitate participation in leisure activities in the community. Advocating for features that increase access and participation, addressing safety, exploring ways to conserve energy, and practicing assertive communication are all important components of a comprehensive vision rehabilitation program.
Ability or Access-ability: Differential Item Functioning of Items on Alternate Performance-Based Assessment Tests for Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Zigmond Naomi , Zimmerman George J.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

This study investigated differential item functioning (DIF) of test items on Pennsylvania's Alternate System of Assessment (PASA) for students with visual impairments and severe cognitive disabilities and what the reasons for the differences may be.

Methods

The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to analyze differences in the scores of the students with visual impairments and severe cognitive disabilities who took the Grade 3–4 or 7–8 Level A PASA compared to matched peers without visual impairments. The students with visual impairments were analyzed as a group and by level of functional vision. Logical analyses of videotaped assessments of the students with visual impairments were conducted to identify potential sources of DIF.

Results

Among the functional vision groups, 17 instances in reading and 22 instances in math were flagged for DIF, with 14 skills in reading and 13 in math emerging as harder for students with visual impairments. The types of items that were significantly different included those involving money, matching, and selecting the smallest. Potential reasons for the differences included students needing a better orientation to test materials; the influence of lucky guesses based on distractor characteristics; and the influence of accommodations, such as the substitution of objects.

Discussion

The results demonstrate the complexity and importance of evaluating the validity of alternate performance-based assessments for students with visual impairments and severe cognitive disabilities. The themes that emerged suggest the need to structure alternate assessment tasks for consistent orientation to materials and to consider closely how accommodations affect the difficulty of the tasks.

Implications for practitioners

Practitioners should consider how the reading progression for their students with visual impairments and severe cognitive disabilities is related to alternate standards and the instruction that is in place to learn concepts that were missed incidentally. Practitioners can help improve alternate assessments by communicating with their states about the types of tasks that are difficult to accommodate in their current format or by requesting guidance in making meaningful accommodations that maintain the intent of the items.
Instruction in Specialized Braille Codes, Abacus, and Tactile Graphics at Universities in the United States and Canada
Authors: Rosenblum L. Penny , Smith Derrick
Published: January 2019

Introduction

This study gathered data on methods and materials that are used to teach the Nemeth braille code, computer braille, foreign-language braille, and music braille in 26 university programs in the United States and Canada that prepare teachers of students with visual impairments. Information about instruction in the abacus and the preparation of tactile graphics was also gathered.

Methods

A faculty representative from each university completed a 39-question online demographic survey during fall 2011. Frequency counts for each item were tabulated, and comments were reviewed and categorized.

Results

All 26 university programs provided instruction in the Nemeth braille code. Most also provided introductory information on foreign-language braille, computer braille, and music braille. There was a high rate of consistency across the programs in what constituted a braille error. The university programs required students to prepare tactile graphics and learn computation on the abacus. The delivery of courses through a hybrid model was most common.

Discussion

University programs are providing instruction in the Nemeth braille code, though there is variability in the topics that are covered, the books that are used, and the assignments that are required. Most university programs are also exposing their preservice students to specialized braille codes and are teaching them to produce tactile graphics and to perform computations on the abacus. Future studies are needed to look at the quality of instruction and, if the amount of instruction in the different topics is sufficient, to prepare future teachers of students with visual impairments adequately.

Implications for practitioners

Data gathered from this study will assist university programs to evaluate the content of their courses on the topics that were studied. Adjustment in the content of courses may result, which may subsequently affect the skill set of practitioners as they complete university preparation.
Sexual Activity of Young Adults who are Visually Impaired and the Need for Effective Sex Education
Authors: Kelly Stacy M. , Kapperman Gaylen
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Little research has been reported on all aspects of sexuality as it pertains to individuals with visual impairments. This article analyzes data on the sexual experiences of young adults who are visually impaired and young adults without disabilities.

Methods

The authors conducted a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) federal database and assessed a nationally representative sample of transition-aged young adults with visual impairments. During the same period as the NLTS2, identical survey questions were asked of young adults without disabilities who participated in survey research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC survey sample included young adults who were two to three years younger than the participants in the NLTS2 sample. The descriptive analysis presents estimates of the sexual activity and use of contraception by both samples.

Results

Of the transition-aged young adults with visual impairments, 57% reported having sexual intercourse, and of the transition-aged young adults without disabilities, 65% reported having sexual intercourse. Likewise, nearly 40% of the young adults with visual impairments and approximately 50% of those without disabilities reported having had sexual intercourse in the three months before the survey. The use of condoms was also similar (64% of those with visual impairments and 54% of those without disabilities) even though the use of contraceptives other than condoms varied between the samples.

Discussion

The transition-aged young adults with visual impairments reported having similar rates of sexual experiences as their sighted counterparts, except two to three years later.

Implications for Practitioners

The researchers concluded that there is a need to provide effective instruction in sexual health that incorporates meaningful methods and materials that are designed specifically to meet the unique needs of young adults who are visually impaired.
Assistive Technology Competencies for Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments: A National Study
Authors: Zhou Li , Ajuwon Paul M. , Smith Derrick W. , Griffin-Shirley Nora , Parker Amy T. , Okungu Phoebe
Published: January 2019

Introduction

For practicing teachers of students with visual impairments, assistive technology has assumed an important role in the education of their students’ assessment and learning of content. Little research has addressed this area; therefore, the purpose of the study presented here was to identify the teachers’ self-reported possession of knowledge of and skills in assistive technology.

Method

The participants completed an online survey rating their level of expertise in assistive technology. The researchers used descriptive statistics and Pearson r correlation coefficients.

Results

In total, 840 teachers of students with visual impairments in the United States, Palau, and the Virgin Islands completed an online survey to identify their perceived level of mastery of assistive technology competencies. Regarding the participants’ confidence in teaching and supporting the use of assistive technology for students with visual impairments, 40.7% of the participants were confident or very confident, whereas 59.3% reported no to some confidence. In addition, the younger teachers were relatively more confident in teaching assistive technology than were the older teachers. Specifically, the participants felt the least confident with the foundations domain of assistive technology and the most confident with collaboration.

Discussion

The results describe teachers’ self-perceptions and pinpoint areas for further intervention and dialogue. Personnel preparation programs and in-service training programs can concentrate on these specific areas of assistive technology to improve teachers’ levels of confidence with assistive technology domains. Collaborating to create systemic, national interventions is crucial for improving educational and vocational outcomes for all individuals with visual impairments.

Implications for practitioners

First, given the findings of the study, it is recommended that all university programs develop a course on assistive technology, as well as embed assistive technology competencies in their training curricula. Second, research is needed to explore further what universities are currently doing to address assistive technology in their curricula. Finally, professional organizations should provide ongoing in-service training in assistive technology for practicing teachers of students with visual impairments.
The Abacus: Teachers’ Preparation and Beliefs about their Abacus Preservice Preparation
Authors: Rosenblum L. Penny , Hong Sunggye , Amato Sheila
Published: January 2019

Introduction

This article reports on a study of 196 teachers who shared their experiences and opinions related to how they were taught to use the Cranmer abacus.

Methods

In February and March 2012, the participants completed an online survey to gather information about their preparation in using and beliefs about computation with the Cranmer abacus.

Results

The participants resided in both the United States and Canada and had various years of experience. The majority (n = 112) reported learning computation with an abacus in their personnel preparation programs. The participants rated their level of agreement with belief statements. Statements with the highest level of agreement included one that indicated that when sighted individuals use pencil and paper for computation, an individual with a visual impairment should be allowed to use an abacus, and another that an abacus is an accessible and inexpensive tool.

Discussion

The self-report data from 196 participants indicated that computation with an abacus is taught in university programs, although there is variability in what computational skills are taught and what methods are used. There was a higher level of agreement with statements that implied the positive attributes of using an abacus for computation than with those that implied negative attributes (for example, the abacus is obsolete).

Implications for practitioners

University preparation programs are continuing to teach some level of abacus computation skills to their students. It is not clear if the level of instruction is adequate. Further studies are warranted that examine what pre- and in-service teachers of students with visual impairments are learning and how they are learning in their university preparation programs and through other methods.
The social production of container space
Authors: Haugen Heidi Østbø
Published: January 2019

A sizable body of popular and academic literature explores how containers have reconstituted the spaces through which they travel. However, the space within containers remains largely unexamined. This article leverages the concepts of “earmarking” and “pressure” to analyze the space within containers as socially produced rather than arithmetically defined. The analysis draws upon an ethnographic study of container freight from China to Africa. Earmarking describes the practice of attaching segments of shipment space to specific sets of social relations, which in turn defines appropriate usage of the space and bestows it with economic value. African traders earmark space in containers shipped from China as a way to manage their capital in volatile economic environments. Logistics agents apply physical pressure to goods as they are loaded in containers in South China. The practice—made possible by the material characteristics of the container—disrupts the relationship between the container’s measurements and the shipment volumes sold, and generates asymmetries across modes of calculating space. Application of pressure renders the relation between containers and goods unstable and shipments vulnerable during customs inspections. Opening the container space for analysis reveals how China’s successful logistics integration with Africa relies heavily on political tolerance for disorder and localized solutions.
A child diagnosed with rigid spine syndrome complicated by ventilatory disorders: a nursing case report
Authors: Lu Hua , Liu Zuojia , Li Biru
Published: January 2019

Rigid spine syndrome is a rare myopathy in children and has a poor prognosis because of its lack of treatment and eventual ventilatory failure. We report the case of a 10-year-old child with RSS and ventilatory disorders. We provided care to the child using bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) non-invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure. A 10-year-old Han Chinese girl presented (6 April 6 2016) to the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center with ventilatory disorders, including hypoxia and hypercapnia. Transcutaneous oxygen saturation with mask oxygen inspiration was 90%. BiPAP non-invasive ventilator-assisted ventilation was continuously used. Through continuous non-invasive ventilation and carbon dioxide monitoring, the symptoms of dyspnea in this child were effectively controlled and improved. She was discharged on April 19 with instructions to continue using BiPAP at home and transcutaneous oxygen saturation was maintained at 94% to 98%. This case highlights that nursing of patients with rigid spine syndrome and ventilatory disorders should focus on evaluating the effect of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, prevention of complications, and continuous nursing after discharge. Additionally, continuous monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure is feasible for evaluating the effect of BiPAP.
Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of infertile Hakka men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in southern China
Authors: Zhao Pingsen , Gu Xiaodong , Wu Heming , Deng Xunwei
Published: January 2019

Objective

To determine the prevalence of chromosome abnormalities and azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in Hakka men with infertility in southern China.

Methods

Hakka male patients, who received clinical counselling for infertility between August 2016 and October 2017, and fertile male controls, were enrolled into this retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with infertility and controls underwent cytogenetic analysis by standard G-banding; AZF microdeletions were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis.

Results

Out of 918 male patients who received fertility counselling, 57 were diagnosed with infertility due to azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Of these infertile patients, 22.81% (13/57) carried chromosome abnormalities, with 47, XXY being the most common abnormal karyotype. In addition, 36.84% (21/57) presented with Y chromosome microdeletions, most frequently in the complete AZFc and partial AZFc region. Duplication of the AZFc region was found in three patients. No AZF microdeletions were found in 60 fertile male controls.

Conclusion

The high AZF microdeletion frequency in the current Hakka population suggests that AZF microdeletion analysis is essential in fertility screening, and combined with cytogenetic analysis, may influence the choice of assisted reproductive techniques and reduce the risk of inherited genetic disease.
Hem-o-lok clip found in the common bile duct 3 years after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and surgical exploration
Authors: Kou Kai , Liu Xingkai , Hu Yuelei , Luo Feixiang , Sun Dawei , Wang Guangyi , Li Yan , Chen Yuguo , Lv Guoyue
Published: January 2019

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with stone extraction is a common and preferred choice for gallstone disease. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are being increasingly used for managing choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis. We report a case of a Hem-o-lok clip that was dropped into the common bile duct (CBD) after LC and surgical common bile duct exploration (CBDE). An 84-year-old man presented with right upper quadrant pain and jaundice for 2 months, and chills and hyperpyrexia for 1 day. The patient had received ERCP and surgical CBDE at a local hospital 3 years previously. The patient first received ERCP and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD). When laboratory tests were normal, the patient then received LCBDE. During exploration, stones and a Hem-o-lok clip in the CBD were removed. The patient made good progress after LCBDE + T-tube placement and was discharged from hospital. The findings from this case suggest the following: 1) an appropriate therapy method should be considered for certain gallstone diseases, especially for choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis; and 2) a Hem-o-lok clip should be carefully used during laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery and the Hem-o-lok clip should not be in close proximity to the incision on the CBD.
An Evolutionary Model to Conceptualize Psychopathic Traits Across Community and Forensic Male Youth
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Diana , Vagos Paula , Rijo Daniel
Published: January 2019

Psychopathy has been historically associated with a lack of emotion. However, some authors argue that psychopathy may represent a tendency to externalize the experience of unpleasant emotions, including shame, what could be seen as an adaptive strategy within an evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, empirical research investigating this hypothesis is scarce. Using community ( n = 295) and forensic ( n = 300) male youth samples and a set of self-report measures, this study tested an evolutionary model involving pathways linking the impact of harsh rearing experiences (traumatic shameful experiences and warmth and safeness experiences) to psychopathic traits, as well as the indirect effects of external shame and shame coping strategies in that association. In addition, this study tested the invariance of this model across samples. Results indicated that the impact of harsh rearing experiences was directly and indirectly (through external shame and shame coping strategies) linked with psychopathic traits. The model explained psychopathic traits in forensic and community samples, though differences in some of the pathways were found across groups. Findings offer support for conceptualizing psychopathic traits as an adaptive strategy to cope with the impact of harsh rearing experiences, opening new pathways to prevention and intervention efforts.
The revolution will not be paid: The politics of small town entrepreneurial economic development
Authors: Pied Claudine M
Published: January 2019

As poverty and unemployment rates rose in small towns in the United States following the economic crisis, austerity measures decreased access to social programs for the most vulnerable populations. At the same time, investors and small business owners, concerned that the growing power of large-scale global corporations threatened these communities, responded by encouraging businesses to put long-term solutions to environmental destruction and economic decline above short-term profit. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the northeastern United States, this article demonstrates how different class-inflected economic development trends come together to shape response to economic decline. In this small town, social and environmental entrepreneurialism led to a rethinking of the role of businesses, but also tempered conflicts about the future of the region and encouraged a business-centric understanding of economic problems and solutions. The result is that poverty and the decline in social programs are addressed indirectly or are relegated to individual or cultural problems.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adulthood Negotiation in Intimate Partner Violence: The Sequentially Paradoxical Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity Among Female Inmates
Authors: Johns Lance , Maharjan Sailesh , Magana Gloria , Kamptner Laura , Lewin Michael
Published: January 2019

The present study examined interpersonal sensitivity and hostility as separate and sequential mediators in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and the conflict tactic of negotiation (e.g., a strategy utilized to resolve conflict with a romantic partner) among female inmates. Participants were 258 female inmates recruited from three Southern California jails. After statistically controlling for partner-negotiation, results from a sequential mediation model revealed that the association between ACE and negotiation was mediated through three separate pathways. The first single mediational pathway indicated that ACE was positively associated with interpersonal sensitivity, which in turn had a positive association with negotiation. The second single mediational pathway revealed that ACE was positively associated with hostility, which in turn had a negative association with negotiation. Finally, the sequential meditational path revealed that interpersonal sensitivity through hostility mediated the ACE and negotiation relationship. The present results suggest that ACE may result in increased interpersonal sensitivity, which may paradoxically result in both more and less negotiation with romantic partners. That is, ACE through interpersonal sensitivity alone may result in more negotiation, and ACE through interpersonal sensitivity and then hostility may result in less negotiation with romantic partners. We explicate how the psychopathological construct of interpersonal sensitivity may lead to increased and decreased rates of the positively construed conflict tacit of negotiation. In addition, the present findings are discussed in light of the high rates of both revictimization and perpetration of violence among female inmates.
Trends in Geospatial Drivers of Fall-Related Hospitalizations and Asset Mapping of Fall Prevention Interventions for Vulnerable Older Adults
Authors: Towne Samuel D. , Smith Matthew Lee , Xu Minjie , Lee Sungmin , Sharma Sushma , Smith Don , Li Yajuan , Fucci Yasmin , Ory Marcia G.
Published: January 2019

Objective: Given that one in four older adults suffer potentially preventable falls annually, we aimed to identify areas with (a) delivery gaps of evidence-based programs (EBPs) targeting fall prevention among older adults, namely A Matter of Balance (AMOB), and (b) high rates of fall-related hospitalizations—hotspots. Method: Analyses included multiple geospatially linked datasets. Results: EBPs were delivered ≥1 time in 84 counties in 2012 and 90 counties in 2014. Factors associated with EPB delivery gaps (absence; p<.05) included high-density older adult areas, non-fall-related hospitalization hotspots, lower population density, nonmetropolitan areas, high-density Hispanic adult areas, and areas with limited access to home health care agencies. Hotspots for fall-related hospitalization numbered 64 in 2012 and 62 in 2014. Factors associated with hotspots included low-density older adult areas, having AMOB delivered ≥1 time annually, high population density, and high-density Hispanic adult areas. Discussion: In resource-finite settings (e.g., the aging services sector), identifying high priority areas allows for precise allocation of limited resources.
Unsteady numerical investigation on viscous shear loss caused by rim seal purge flow
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhou Li , Wang Zhanxue
Published: January 2019

One of the most important loss sources is viscous shear caused by interaction between the turbine stator-rotor cavity rim seal purge flow and main flow and has not yet been studied systematically. To assess viscous shear loss, numerical simulations under different purge flow rate are presented. Results show that interaction between the purge flow and main flow causes three high viscous dissipation regions: two regions are located in the main passage resulting from interaction between egress flow and main flow and a third region is situated inside the cavity, mainly induced by the mixing between ingress main flow and purge flow. For both ingress and egress, the circumferential velocity difference between the purge flow and main flow is responsible for most of the viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the velocity difference and viscous shear loss increase as purge flow rate is increased. On average, relative to the design condition, viscous shear loss increases by approximately 127% per 1% increase in purge flow rate. Viscous dissipation continues to decrease as the swirl ratio is increased. Moreover, the influence on viscous shear loss of cavity angle of inclination, cavity location, and cavity exit width are negligible because these three parameters do not significantly affect the circumferential velocity difference.
An investigation into cataloguers’ experiences with RDA
Authors: MacLennan Alan , Walicka Agnieszka
Published: January 2019

Cataloguing has been undergoing significant transformation for the last several years in order to keep up with the changing world of digital technologies, dramatically increasing the number of resources to be catalogued and data to be managed in such a way that would satisfy library users’ needs and expectations. Cataloguers had to face a shift in thinking about bibliographic data and consequently a shift in practice to the new cataloguing standard of Resource Description and Access. This research investigated cataloguers’ experiences with using RDA and the current issues they encounter and discuss while RDA is still being reviewed and shaped. It also documented and explored their opinions and concerns regarding understanding of theoretical concepts behind RDA and the new Library Reference Model. The investigation took place in a virtual environment of two of the most popular listservs dedicated to cataloguing and, in this way, allowed a direct and immediate access to opinions expressed by cataloguers around the world. In order to explore their experiences, a qualitative, based on elements of grounded theory, content analysis of archive and most recent posts was conducted and compared with the literature on the research done in the initial period after RDA implementation. The research results indicated some strong divisions among cataloguers and different levels of understanding of the changes being introduced. It also showed a potential paradigm shift in cataloguing, professional knowledge and mental flexibility required of cataloguers. Moreover, the significant amount of learning that cataloguers have had to and will have to undertake in the nearest future, suggests an inordinately important need for adequate training and dialogue between them and the RDA Steering Committee that would be led in a more comprehensible way to enable those who call themselves ‘average cataloguers’ understand the model better and become confident, rather than confused, practitioners.
Nanomechanical properties, surface topography, and color stability of fiber-reinforced composite orthodontic retainers
Authors: Alshahrani Ibrahim , Asiry Moshabab A , Altwijry Mohamad K , Premanath Sangeetha N , Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar , Durgesh Bangalore H
Published: January 2019

The present study investigated the nanomechanical properties, surface topography, and color alterations of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) orthodontic retainers. Two FRC orthodontic retainer materials (glass fiber reinforced (group 1) and polyethylene fiber reinforced (group 2)) were evaluated. Nanomechanical properties (nano-hardness and elastic modulus), surface roughness (Ra), and color stability of FRC retainers at baseline and after 2 years of simulated aging were evaluated. The data collected were analyzed using analyses of variance, followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for post hoc comparisons at the significance level of p < 0.05. Group 1 specimens exhibited highest hardness (0.16 ± 0.06) and elastic modulus (2.68 ± 0.17) at baseline, and group 2 specimens showed lowest hardness (0.09 ± 0.16) and elastic modulus (2.19 ± 0.36) after aging. Significant difference in hardness and elastic modulus was observed between the groups at baseline and after aging ( p < 0.05).The aged specimens demonstrated decreased hardness and elastic modulus values compared to baseline specimens, but the differences were not significant ( p > 0.05). Group 2 specimens exhibited increased Ra at baseline (0.46 ± 0.79) and aging (0.84 ± 0.94), and the least Ra values were observed with group 1 specimens at baseline (0.31 ± 0.87) and aging (0.59 ± 0.65). There was a significant color alteration of the specimens from baseline to aging in both the groups ( p < 0.05). However, group 1 specimens showed noticeable color change, and group 2 showed appreciable color change. Glass fiber-reinforced FRC orthodontic retainer exhibited superior properties compared to polyethylene fiber-reinforced FRC. Accelerated aging decreases surface hardness of the polymer matrix and increases Ra and discoloration of the FRC retainer materials.
Strategic Storytelling: An Exploration of the Professional Practices of Mental Health Peer Providers
Authors: Mancini Michael A.
Published: January 2019

Peer providers of mental health services use their personal illness and recovery narratives to help other mental health service users. Despite a substantial body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of these providers, little is known about the underlying strategies they employ in their professional practice. In this study, I used in-depth interviews with 23 peers to explore the most important practices they used in their day-to-day work with others. Results indicated that peers engaged in a reflexive process to strategically use their personal illness and recovery stories to help others re-story their life narratives. Peers also used communication strategies from motivational and cognitive–behavioral treatment approaches to engage, inspire, and mentor other service users. Findings suggest the need for research that further explores the rhetorical strategies used by peers using narrative methods. The development and testing of professional development opportunities to assist peers in maximizing their therapeutic potential are also warranted.
Continuous Spatial Sequences of Lichen Sclerosus, Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Invasive Carcinomas: A Study of 109 Cases
Authors: Cañete-Portillo Sofía , Sanchez Diego F. , Fernández-Nestosa María José , Piris Adriano , Zarza Patricia , Oneto Sabrina , Gonzalez Stark Lorena , Lezcano Cecilia , Ayala Gustavo , Rodriguez Ingrid , Hoang Mai P. , Mihm Martin C. , Cubilla Antonio L.
Published: January 2019

Lichen sclerosus (LSc) with penile cancer is found in about two thirds of specimens. It has been hypothesized that LSc represents a precancerous condition. To qualify as such, in addition to cytological atypia and similarity with the invasive tumor, a spatial correlation between LSc and neoplastic lesions needs to be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate such a spatial relationship. Circumcision (28 cases) and penectomy (81 cases) specimens were evaluated. All cases had LSc, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), and/or invasive squamous cell carcinomas. We examined LSc in relation to invasive carcinoma, PeIN, and normal epithelia. Invasive squamous cell carcinomas, classified according to the World Health Organization criteria as non–human papillomavirus (HPV)-related and HPV-related PeIN, were present in 100 cases. Non-HPV-related (differentiated) PeIN was the most common subtype associated with LSc (89%). There were 5 spatial patterns identified: (1) LSc adjacent to PeIN (23%), (2) LSc adjacent and comprising PeIN (42%), (3) LSc next to and within invasive carcinomas (8%), (4) LSc throughout the sequence PeIN-invasive carcinoma (24%), and (5) LSc was separate (with normal tissue between the lesions) from PeIN and/or invasive carcinomas in a minority of cases (3%). LSc within the cancer was not previously described. In this series, we found 35 cases with LSc within invasive carcinomas. The striking continuous spatial relationship among LSc, PeIN, and/or invasive carcinoma as shown in this study may be a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the hypothesis postulating LSc as a penile precancerous lesion.
Interpersonal Problems of Young Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sodano Sandro M. , Tamulonis Jessica P. , Fabiano Gregory A. , Caserta Abigail M. , Hulme Kevin F. , Hulme Karen L. , Stephan Gina R. , Tronci Federica
Published: January 2019

Objective:Interpersonal functioning is a core area of impairment for young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), yet the assessment of their interpersonal problems has not been approached using a comprehensive model of interpersonal behaviors. Method: Interpersonal problems of young adults with ADHD ( n = 24) were compared to non-ADHD peers ( n = 26) by self- and collateral-report using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex-Item Response Theory (IIP-C-IRT). Results: Both self- and collateral-reports yielded significantly higher scores across interpersonal problem domains, except for self-reported Hostile-Dominant (HD) interpersonal problems. Discrepancy scores between self- and collateral-report supported larger differences in the ADHD versus non-ADHD groups for HD problems. Large correlations between collateral-reported family relationship impairments and HD problems were found only for the ADHD group. Conclusion: Young adults with ADHD have higher levels of interpersonal problems relative to their non-ADHD peers, but also appear to underreport HD interpersonal problems relative to non-ADHD peers, suggesting the presence of a bias. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX[ X] XX-XX)
Trait Conscientiousness predicts rate of longitudinal SDMT decline in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A , Wojcik Curtis , Wilding Gregory E , Pol Jeta , Dwyer Michael G , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: January 2019

Background:

Many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit cognitive decline over several years. Baseline differences may put people at greater risk for such decline.

Objective:

To characterize rates of longitudinal cognitive decline and investigate baseline clinical predictors.

Methods:

We report a retrospective analysis of 531 MS patients whose data were gleaned from a multi-study database, aggregated over 16 years. Linear mixed effects modeling was applied to estimate the average rate of decline on Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performance and to predict rates of decline using baseline clinical variables.

Results:

Participants exhibited an average estimated decline of 0.22 SDMT raw-score points/year (95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.32, −0.12)). We observed a significant main effect of time from baseline ( t = −2.78, p = 0.006), test form ( t = 2.13, p = 0.034), disease course ( t = 2.91, p = 0.004), age ( t = −2.76, p = 0.006), sex ( t = −2.71, p = 0.007), subjective cognitive impairment ( t = −2.00, p = 0.046), premorbid verbal intelligence ( t = 5.14, p < 0.001), and trait Conscientiousness ( t = 2.69, p = 0.008). A significant interaction emerged for Conscientiousness and time from baseline ( t = 2.57, p = 0.011).

Conclusion:

Higher baseline trait Conscientiousness predicts slower rates of longitudinal cognitive decline in MS. This relationship, the average rate of decline, and practice effects can inform future research and clinical treatment decisions.