bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TCO-free conducting polymers/carbon cloths as the flexible electro-catalytic counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Li Chun-Ting , Lin Yi-Feng , Chiu I-Ting , Ho Kuo-Chuan
Published: November 2015

A TCO-free counter electrode of a sulfonated-polythiophene/carbon cloth gave a good cell efficiency (η) of 8.45% to its dye-sensitized solar cell, indicating its attractive potential to replace the expensive Pt/FTO (η = 8.07%).
A wearable and highly sensitive CO sensor with a macroscopic polyaniline nanofiber membrane
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Wu Guan , Hu Ying , Liu Yang , Tao Xiaoming , Chen Wei
Published: November 2015

A wearable CO sensor based on a macroscopic membrane which consists of polyaniline (PANI) coated electrospun nanofibers is reported.
Screening and validation for plasma biomarkers of nephrotoxicity based on metabolomics in male rats
Authors: Li Yubo , Deng Haoyue , Ju Liang , Zhang Xiuxiu , Zhang Zhenzhu , Yang Zhen , Wang Lei , Hou Zhiguo , Zhang Yanjun
Published: November 2015

Currently, drug-induced nephrotoxicity is widespread and seriously affects human health. However, the conventional indexes of renal function lack sensitivity, leading to a delay in the detection of nephrotoxicity. Therefore, we need to identify more sensitive indexes for evaluating nephrotoxicity. In this study, we used gentamicin (100 mg kg−1), etimicin (100 mg kg−1) and amphotericin B (4 mg kg−1) to establish renal injury models in rats, and we collected information using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the screening stage. Thirteen nephrotoxicity metabolites were selected after multivariate statistical and integration analyses. Then, we conducted trend analysis to select 5 nephrotoxicity biomarkers [thymidine, LysoPC(16:1), LysoPC(18:4), LysoPC(20:5), and LysoPC(22:5)] whose content changed consistently at different timepoints after drug administration. To verify the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers for nephrotoxicity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and support vector machine (SVM) analyses were applied. The area under the curve of the 5 biomarkers were 0.806–0.901 at the 95% confidence interval according to the ROC analysis. We used the SVM classified model to verify these biomarkers, and the prediction rate was 95.83%. Therefore, the 5 biomarkers have strong sensitivity and high accuracy; these biomarkers are more sensitive indexes for evaluating renal function to identify nephrotoxicity and initiate prompt treatment.
Toxicity mechanism in fetal lung fibroblast cells for multi-walled carbon nanotubes defined by chemical impurities and dispersibility
Authors: Shinde Aparna , Tsai Candace S. J.
Published: November 2015

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are beneficial in a wide range of applications in fields such as electronics, optics and nano-medicine, so knowledge concerning their effect on human health is important. Physiochemical properties of MWCNTs can greatly affect their toxicity, however, there are no reports discussing the effect of size and chemical composition of MWCNTs on the toxic response of human lung cells. In this study, MWCNTs of two different purity grades were characterized and their toxic effects were compared on normal fetal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells. The toxic effect on MRC-5 cells following 1–3 days exposure to low concentrations of research grade (RG) and industrial grade (IG) MWCNTs were studied using multiple biological assays. MWCNTs uptake in MRC-5 cells was analyzed using TEM. After physical and chemical analysis, RG-MWCNTs revealed contamination with MoS2 and were readily suspended in distilled water while IG-MWCNTs had no MoS2 contamination and much lower dispersibility. For a wide range of concentrations and exposure times, cells treated with RG-MWCNTs had distinctly reduced cell viability as compared to cells treated with IG-MWCNTs. Treatment with RG-MWCNTs resulted in high reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels indicating an oxidative stress mechanism while IG-MWCNT treated cells had low ROS/RNS amounts and a distorted cell membrane pointing towards a non-oxidative stress mechanism. Both agglomerates and individual MWCNTs were internalized efficiently by MRC-5 cells, which resulted in cell damage and ultimately cell death. Altogether, this study shows that the MoS2 contamination and size of MWCNTs’ agglomerates affect the mechanism of toxicity in human fetal lung fibroblasts.
SIG 8 Perspectives Vol. 13, No. 1, December 2012
Authors: Byrne David C. , Themann Christa L. , Meinke Deanna K. , Morata Thais C. , Stephenson Mark R.
Published: November 2015

Sorry, this activity is no longer available for CEUs. Visit the SIG 8 page on the
ASHA Store
to see available CE activities.

Use the CE questions PDF here as study questions to guide your Perspectives reading.
Distortionless space‐time adaptive processor for global navigation satellite system receiver
Authors: Chen Feiqiang , Nie Junwei , Li Baiyu , Wang Feixue
Published: November 2015

Antenna arrays equipped with space‐time adaptive processors (STAPs) are effective to maintain the integrity and functionality of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) in various applications. However, one of the major problems with existing space‐time processing methods is that they can introduce significant biases into the GNSS receiver measurements. A distortionless STAP is proposed. It could not only suppress the interfering signals and enhance the GNSS signals, but also introduce no biases into the code and carrier phase measurements. The key idea behind the proposed method is ensuring linearity of the space‐time processor response by constraining its coefficients. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation results.
GeoSRM – Online geospatial safety risk model for the GB rail network
Authors: Sadler Jason , Griffin David , Gilchrist Alex , Austin Jeremy , Kit Oles , Heavisides Jay
Published: November 2015

RSSB and the University of Southampton's GeoData Institute have collaborated to research and develop a toolkit for managing large volumes of rail risk data. The pilot system encompasses concepts of highly complex geospatial ‘big data’, open standards, open source development tools and methodologies, and enables stakeholders to filter, analyse and visualise risk across the rail network, for a range of risk models. These include train derailments, suicides and passenger slip, trips and falls, and feature a wide range of spatially dependent parameters that affect the causal, escalation and consequence mechanisms. The risk has been calculated to a high resolution, splitting 2,100,000 m of track typically into 10 m sections. By creating geospatial representations of risk, the tool can help to identify risk hotspots and in this way contribute to the improvement of rail safety. Once scaled up to a National level and full range of risk models, the tool will deliver a powerful capability, unique across Europe. Further research is extending the prototype to incorporate live and historic environmental and related rail incident data to augment and improve the risk model.
Effective utilisation and efficient maximum power extraction in partially shaded photovoltaic systems using minimum‐distance‐average‐based clustering algorithm
Authors: Rathinadurai Louis Josephine , Shanmugham Suja , Gunasekar Karunambika , Atla Nagendra Rao , Murugesan Karthik
Published: November 2015

The reduction in power depends on module interconnection scheme and shading pattern. Different interconnection schemes are used to reduce the losses caused by partial shading. This study presents a minimum‐distance‐average‐based clustering algorithm for the photovoltaic (PV) arrays that can improve the PV power under different shading conditions. The PV array is configured based on a novel clustering algorithm in wireless sensor networks based on sensor node deployment location coordinates. Various cases such as short narrow, short wide, long narrow and long wide have been analysed and their performances were discussed. The proposed method facilitates maximum power extraction by distributing the effect of shading over the entire array thereby reducing the mismatch losses caused by partial shading conditions. The performance of the system is investigated for different shading conditions. Also Monte Carlo estimator was used to improve the impact of the investigation by varying solar irradiance values and the results are presented to show the successful working of the proposed scheme.
Investigation of the interaction between step voltage regulators and large‐scale photovoltaic systems regarding voltage regulation and unbalance
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Imran , Yan Ruifeng , Saha Tapan Kumar
Published: November 2015

The number of installed photovoltaic (PV) systems has been increasing in an unprecedented rate every year throughout the world. In some situations, the PV systems can provide more power than the demand in certain parts of a network and cause reverse power flow, which the traditional distribution networks are not designed for. Consequently, these instances may result in adverse interactions between PV systems and voltage regulation devices such as step voltage regulators (SVRs). This can potentially drive voltage magnitudes beyond acceptable limits and possibly damage consumers’ appliances. In the literature, such interaction cases with consideration of realistic three‐phase four‐wire unbalanced networks have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study analyses the interaction between SVR and PV systems in a real‐world network by utilising the quasi‐static time‐series technique for a long‐term statistical assessment. This evaluation focuses on examining voltage regulation issues in an unbalanced three‐phase four‐wire network along with an open‐delta SVR configuration, and the corresponding solution is proposed to resolve the concerning issues. The results of this study will provide valuable information on interaction characteristics to academia and utilities for assessing large‐scale PV system integration.
Field measurements for the assessment of inertial response for wind power plants based on Hydro‐Québec TransÉnergie requirements
Authors: Asmine Mohamed , Langlois Charles‐Éric
Published: November 2015

Wind turbine generators (WTGs) equipped with the inertial response feature have been in operation on the Hydro‐Québec system since 2012. As part of the validation and performance test program carried out at each wind power plant, on‐line monitoring was used to evaluate the inertial response during under frequency events. This study presents the status of the ongoing assessment using field measurements and simulation results for type‐III and type‐IV WTGs equipped with the inertial response feature required by Hydro‐Québec TransÉnergie since 2006.
Optimised power dispatch strategy for offshore wind farms
Authors: Hou Peng , Hu Weihao , Zhang Baohua , Soltani Mohsen , Chen Cong , Chen Zhe
Published: November 2015

Maximising the power production of offshore wind farms using proper control strategy has become an important issue for wind farm operators. However, the power transmitted to the onshore substation is not only related to the power production of each wind turbine but also the power losses which are related to electrical system topology. This study proposed an optimised power dispatch strategy for minimising the levelised production cost of a wind farm. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is employed to obtain final solution for the optimisation problem. Both regular shape and irregular shape wind farm are chosen for the case study. The proposed dispatch strategy is compared with two other control strategies. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Radar wake‐vortices cross‐section/Doppler signature characterisation based on simulation and field tests trials
Authors: Barbaresco Frédéric , Brion Vincent , Jeannin Nicolas
Published: November 2015

Runway operation is the limiting factor for the overall throughput of airports. Today the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) imposes wake vortex separation minima between following aircrafts that are based on simple pair‐wise rules. However, the lifetime of wake vortices results from a much broader basis of factors, that ranges from a large set of aircraft parameters to meteorological conditions and traffic mix. In particular atmospheric conditions can significantly reduce wake hazard, for instance, in case of strong turbulence or crosswinds. While such situations could allow a reduction of the separation minima, safety reasons and the current technical challenges of detecting and managing such scenarios leads to the strict application of the ICAO standards. With the aid of accurate wind data and precise measurements of wake vortices, more efficient intervals could be set, particularly when weather conditions turn favourable. Depending on traffic intensity, these adjustments could enhance airport capacity, and generate major commercial benefits. This study deals with recent development in the radar technology to attain such goals. It presents (i) the trials of an electronic scanning radar to be used in a future wake turbulence advisory system and (ii) theoretical and numerical analysis of the radar response in clear air and in rainy weather. Part of this work has been achieved with the support of the European ATM research program SESAR.
A Rare Case Report of an Unusual Dislocation of Fractured Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Mishra Madan , Singh Gaurav
Published: November 2015

Several cases have been reported regarding superolateral, posterior, or superior dislocation of mandibular condyle. The anteromedial dislocation of fractured condyle is the most common among all. This article reports an unusual and unique case of dislocated fractured mandibular condyle wherein the fractured left condylar head was dislocated to the left anatomic angle of mandible. We have not found a single such case in the world English literature published till date. The presented case falls in the rarest of the rare category that will add to our previous knowledge about the types and extent of fracture dislocation of mandibular condyle.
Deformation of a Titanium Calvarial Implant following Trauma: A Case Report
Authors: De Water Valerie R. , dos Santos Rubio Ellianne J. , Schouten Joost W. , Koudstaal Maarten J.
Published: November 2015

Alloplastic material is widely used for the reconstruction of calvarial defects. The objective of this article is to describe the effect of mechanical impact on a titanium calvarial implant and to discuss mechanical properties of alternative implant materials. The patient is a 19-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident and underwent decompressive craniectomy for an extensive subdural hematoma. Reimplantation of the skull flap was complicated by infection and the flap had to be removed. The remaining cranial defect was closed with a titanium plate. The recovery was without complications. One year later, the patient was hit on the titanium plate, during a soccer match, by the elbow of a fellow player. The implant deflected inward, leaving a visible indentation of the cranial vault. Fortunately, there were no significant neurological symptoms and radiography did not show any signs of damage or pressure on the brain parenchyma. The patient had no aesthetic complaints regarding the shape. Thus, there was no indication to remove the plate. This case illustrates the limits of the protection offered by titanium cranioplasty.
Cross-Cheek Dumbbell-Shaped Radial Forearm Flap for Simultaneous Correction of Oral Cancer and Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Bhattacharya Shreya , Vidhyadharan Sivakumar , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania
Published: November 2015

Simultaneous occurrence of oral submucous fibrosis along with carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is common. We report a novel technique of a single dumbbell-shaped, cross-cheek radial forearm free flap to repair bilateral defects caused by oral cancer resection on one side and the release of fibrosis on the other side in two patients. The dumbbell-shaped flap provided tissue for both the buccal mucosa defects and central released soft palate preventing fibrosis and reapproximation. The interincisor distance improved in both the patients.
Extraction characteristics of a low-energy ion beam system with a remote plasma chamber
Authors: Vasquez M. R. , Wada M.
Published: November 2015

Low-energy argon beams were extracted from a dual-chamber ion source system. The first chamber is a quartz cylinder where dense inductively coupled plasmas were produced using 13.56 MHz radio frequency (rf) power. The discharge was driven into an adjacent chamber which acts as a reservoir for ion beam extraction using a dual-electrode extractor configuration. Extraction of ions from the second chamber with energies in the 100 eV range was achieved while minimizing fluctuations induced by the rf signal. A custom-built retarding potential analyzer was used to analyze the effectiveness of ion beam transport using the remote plasma chamber. Well-defined beams were extracted between 60 and 100 V extraction potentials at 50–100 W rf powers. An increase in rf power resulted in an increase in average ion energy, increase in ion current density while the energy spread remains constant.
Influence of load on the dry frictional performance of alkyl acrylate copolymer elastomers coated with diamond-like carbon films
Authors: Martínez Martínez D. , Nohava Jiri , De Hosson J. Th. M.
Published: November 2015

In this work, the influence of applied load on the frictional behavior of alkyl acrylate copolymer elastomers coated with diamond-like carbon films is studied at dry conditions. The performance of two coatings with very different microstructure (patched vs. continuous film) is compared with the uncoated substrate. A wide range of applied loads is explored, from 1 mN to 1 N, which is achieved by using a specific tribometer. The variation of 3 orders of magnitude in the applied load leads to a strong variation of the observed frictional phenomena. The different behavior of both samples at various loads is explained using a model that considers two contributions to the friction coefficient, namely, an adhesive and a rubber hysteresis part. The constraints and applicability of such model are critically evaluated.
Effect of end reflections on conversion efficiency of coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator
Authors: Teng Yan , Chen Changhua , Sun Jun , Shi Yanchao , Ye Hu , Wu Ping , Li Shuang , Xiong Xiaolong
Published: November 2015

This paper theoretically investigates the effect of end reflections on the operation of the coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator (CRBWO). It is found that the considerable enhancement of the end reflection at one end increases the conversion efficiency, but excessively large end reflections at both ends weaken the asynchronous wave-beam interaction and thus reduce the conversion efficiency. Perfect reflection at the post end significantly improves the interaction between the electron beam and the asynchronous harmonic so that the conversion efficiency is notably increased. Based on the theoretical research, the diffraction-CRBWO with the generated microwave diffracted and output through the front end of the coaxial slow wave structure cavity is proposed. The post end is conductively closed to provide the perfect reflection. This promotes the amplitude and uniformity of the longitudinal electric field on the beam transmission line and improves the asynchronous wave-beam interaction. In numerical simulations under the diode voltage and current of 450 kV and 5.84 kA, microwave generation with the power of 1.45 GW and the conversion efficiency of 55% are obtained at the frequency of 7.45 GHz.
Highly efficient electroluminescence from a solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter
Authors: Wada Yoshimasa , Shizu Katsuyuki , Kubo Shosei , Suzuki Katsuaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Adachi Chihaya , Kaji Hironori
Published: November 2015

We developed a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, 2,4,6-tris(4-(9,9-dimethylacridan-10-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (3ACR-TRZ), suitable for use in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). When doped into 4,4′-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) host at 16 wt. %, 3ACR-TRZ showed a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98%. Transient photoluminescence decay measurements of the 16 wt. % 3ACR-TRZ:CBP film confirmed that 3ACR-TRZ exhibits efficient TADF with a triplet-to-light conversion efficiency of 96%. This high conversion efficiency makes 3ACR-TRZ attractive as an emitting dopant in OLEDs. Using 3ACR-TRZ as an emitter, we fabricated a solution-processed OLED exhibiting a maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.6%.
Efficient fluorescence/phosphorescence white organic light-emitting diodes with ultra high color stability and mild efficiency roll-off
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , Tao Silu , Huang Yun , Yang Xiaoxia , Ding Xulin , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: November 2015

Efficient fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with single doped co-host structure have been fabricated. Device using 9-Naphthyl-10 -(4-triphenylamine)anthrancene as the fluorescent dopant and Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(2-phq)3 as the green and orange phosphorescent dopants show the luminous efficiency of 12.4% (17.6 lm/W, 27.5 cd/A) at 1000 cd/m2. Most important to note that the efficiency-brightness roll-off of the device was very mild. With the brightness rising up to 5000 and 10 000 cd/m2, the efficiency could be kept at 11.8% (14.0 lm/W, 26.5 cd/A) and 11.0% (11.8 lm/W, 25.0 cd/A). The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and color rending index (CRI) were measured to be (0.45, 0.48) and 65, respectively, and remained the same in a large range of brightness (1000–10 000 cd/m2), which is scarce in the reported white OLEDs. The performance of the device at high luminance (5000 and 10 000 cd/m2) was among the best reported results including fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid and all-phosphorescent white OLEDs. Moreover, the CRI of the white OLED can be improved to 83 by using a yellow-green emitter (Ir(ppy)2bop) in the device.
Validation of the first annual increment deposition in the otoliths of European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay based on otolith microstructure analysis
Authors: Aldanondo Naroa , Cotano Unai , Álvarez Paula , Uriarte Andrés
Published: November 2015

In order to validate the first annual increment deposition in European anchovy otoliths, early juveniles were captured in October 2012 in the southern Bay of Biscay. These individuals were maintained under a continuous feeding regimen in a sea cage over a period of 6 months. From October 2012 to January 2013, lengths increased slightly or remained stable at ~9.8cm. After this period, standard length increased significantly up to a mean value of 12.0cm in April 2013. Likewise, the age of anchovies was estimated based on otolith microstructure analysis. The estimated age varied from 96 days (for individuals sampled in October 2012) to 293 days (for anchovies sampled in April 2013). A daily increment deposition rate was confirmed in otoliths of individuals maintained in the sea cage during the winter. The general otolith daily growth pattern showed that increment widths increased rapidly and were broadest between 51 and 56 days, with a mean of 19.1µm. Thereafter, the widths decreased steadily to 1.5µm and remained almost constant until the end of the experiment. The present study also revealed that the first translucent band formation started in autumn and was completed by spring.
First evidence of multiple paternity in the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
Authors: Pirog Agathe , Jaquemet Sébastien , Soria Marc , Magalon Hélène
Published: November 2015

The present study assessed the occurrence of multiple paternity in four litters of bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (n=5, 8, 9 and 11 embryos) sampled at Reunion Island in the Western Indian Ocean. Using 21 microsatellite loci, we revealed that two litters were generated from two sires each, demonstrating for the first time multiple paternity for this species. We also reported a high paternal skew (10:1 in Litter 1 and 7:1 in Litter 3), which may be because of post-copulatory or post-zygotic selection processes. These results contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive behaviour of the bull shark, which remains poorly documented. The present study must be expanded to assess the frequency of multiple paternity in this species, and to test for genetic or cryptic benefits (convenience polyandry), which is important for long-term conservation and management plans.
Plant Raf-like kinase integrates abscisic acid and hyperosmotic stress signaling upstream of SNF1-related protein kinase2
Authors: Saruhashi Masashi , Kumar Ghosh Totan , Arai Kenta , Ishizaki Yumiko , Hagiwara Kazuya , Komatsu Kenji , Shiwa Yuh , Izumikawa Keiichi , Yoshikawa Harunori , Umezawa Taishi , Sakata Yoichi , Takezawa Daisuke
Published: November 2015

Significance

Plants can sense loss of water caused by drought and stimulate internal mechanisms for protecting cells from damage with the aid of the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Analysis of a mutant of the basal land plant, the moss
Physcomitrella patens
, revealed that an impairment of a protooncogene Raf-like protein kinase, designated “ARK” (for “ABA and abiotic stress-responsive Raf-like kinase”), causes a loss of both ABA sensitivity and osmotic stress tolerance. We show evidence that ARK has a role in integrating ABA and osmotic signals upstream of the sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase2, known to be a central regulator of stress signaling in plants.
Ordering a Disordered World through Language: Metapragmatic Dissonance and the “Misreading” of an Indexical Relationship
Authors: Moskowitz Nona
Published: November 2015

Mainland Japanese middle-school teachers working on Chichijima Island encounter an address pattern they describe as unusual. While students address teachers using last name and honorific title, teachers call students by their first names only. Some of the teachers experience the indexical relationship between the exchanged forms as a nonreciprocal disjuncture, describing it as “too hierarchical;” others experience it as a reciprocal disjuncture, saying it creates a “too close” atmosphere in the school. Many who do not fall back on the culture-internal stereotype are teachers who struggle to maintain authority in the classroom. Here, these teachers’ “misreading” of the indexical meanings associated with the address forms invokes a trope of misunderstanding where a theoretical repair is summoned as a means to fix a problem. Silverstein’s model of indexical orders provides a means to understand the metapragmatic dissonance that characterizes teachers’ discourse.
Protocol for Exercise Hemodynamic Assessment: Performing an Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Clinical Practice
Authors: Berry Natalia C. , Manyoo Agarwal , Oldham William M. , Stephens Thomas E. , Goldstein Ronald H. , Waxman Aaron B. , Tracy Julie A. , Leary Peter J. , Leopold Jane A. , Kinlay Scott , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Systrom David M. , Maron Bradley A.
Published: November 2015

Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) combines full central hemodynamic assessment with continuous measurements of pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation to help in understanding the pathophysiology underpinning unexplained exertional intolerance. There is increasing evidence to support the use of iCPET as a key methodology for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension as occult causes of exercise limitation, but there is little information available outlining the methodology to use this diagnostic test in clinical practice. To bridge this knowledge gap, the operational protocol for iCPET at our institution is discussed in detail. In turn, a standardized iCPET protocol may provide a common framework to describe the evolving understanding of mechanism(s) that limit exercise capacity and to facilitate research efforts to define novel treatments in these patients.
Reproducible quantitative proteotype data matrices for systems biology
Authors: Röst Hannes L. , Malmström Lars , Aebersold Ruedi
Published: November 2015

Historically, many mass spectrometry–based proteomic studies have aimed at compiling an inventory of protein compounds present in a biological sample, with the long-term objective of creating a proteome map of a species. However, to answer fundamental questions about the behavior of biological systems at the protein level, accurate and unbiased quantitative data are required in addition to a list of all protein components. Fueled by advances in mass spectrometry, the proteomics field has thus recently shifted focus toward the reproducible quantification of proteins across a large number of biological samples. This provides the foundation to move away from pure enumeration of identified proteins toward quantitative matrices of many proteins measured across multiple samples. It is argued here that data matrices consisting of highly reproducible, quantitative, and unbiased proteomic measurements across a high number of conditions, referred to here as quantitative proteotype maps, will become the fundamental currency in the field and provide the starting point for downstream biological analysis. Such proteotype data matrices, for example, are generated by the measurement of large patient cohorts, time series, or multiple experimental perturbations. They are expected to have a large effect on systems biology and personalized medicine approaches that investigate the dynamic behavior of biological systems across multiple perturbations, time points, and individuals.
Mena–GRASP65 interaction couples actin polymerization to Golgi ribbon linking
Authors: Tang Danming , Zhang Xiaoyan , Huang Shijiao , Yuan Hebao , Li Jie , Wang Yanzhuang
Published: November 2015

In mammalian cells, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein 65 (GRASP65) has been implicated in both Golgi stacking and ribbon linking by forming trans-oligomers through the N-terminal GRASP domain. Because the GRASP domain is globular and relatively small, but the gaps between stacks are large and heterogeneous, it remains puzzling how GRASP65 physically links Golgi stacks into a ribbon. To explore the possibility that other proteins may help GRASP65 in ribbon linking, we used biochemical methods and identified the actin elongation factor Mena as a novel GRASP65-binding protein. Mena is recruited onto the Golgi membranes through interaction with GRASP65. Depleting Mena or disrupting actin polymerization resulted in Golgi fragmentation. In cells, Mena and actin were required for Golgi ribbon formation after nocodazole washout; in vitro, Mena and microfilaments enhanced GRASP65 oligomerization and Golgi membrane fusion. Thus Mena interacts with GRASP65 to promote local actin polymerization, which facilitates Golgi ribbon linking.
Quenching star formation: insights from the local main sequence
Authors: Leslie S. K. , Kewley L. J. , Sanders D. B. , Lee N.
Published: November 2015

The so-called star-forming main sequence of galaxies is the apparent tight relationship between the star formation rate and stellar mass of a galaxy. Many studies exclude galaxies which are not strictly ‘star forming’ from the main sequence, because they do not lie on the same tight relation. Using local galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we have classified galaxies according to their emission line ratios, and studied their location on the star formation rate–stellar mass plane. We find that galaxies form a sequence from the ‘blue cloud’ galaxies which are actively forming stars, through a combination of composite, Seyfert, and low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxies, ending as ‘red-and-dead’ galaxies. The sequence supports an evolutionary pathway for galaxies in which star formation quenching by active galactic nuclei plays a key role.
Adult patients with supratentorial pilocytic astrocytoma: long-term follow-up of prospective multicenter clinical trial NCCTG-867251 (Alliance)
Authors: Brown Paul D. , Anderson S. Keith , Carrero Xiomara W. , O'Neill Brian P. , Giannini Caterina , Galanis Eva , Shah Sunjay A. , Abrams Ross A. , Curran Walter J. , Buckner Jan C. , Shaw Edward G.
Published: November 2015

Background

Pilocytic astrocytoma is a rare tumor in adults. This report is of a prospective clinical trial with long-term follow-up.

Methods

Between 1986 and 1994, 20 eligible adults with supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas were enrolled in a prospective intergroup trial of radiotherapy (RT) after biopsy (3 patients) or observation after gross (11 patients) or subtotal (6 patients) resection.

Results

At the time of analysis (median follow-up, 20.8 years), 2 patients (10%) have died and 18 patients (90%) are alive. Neurologic and cognitive function were stable or improved over time for the majority of patients. No toxic effects of treatment or malignant transformations have been recorded at last follow-up. For the entire cohort the 20-year time to progression and overall survival rates are 95% and 90% respectively. The cause of death (2.2 and 16.1 years after enrollment) in both patients was unrelated to tumor although both were biopsy-only patients. One subtotally resected tumor progressed 1 month after enrollment requiring P32 injection into an enlarging cyst. Because of further progression this patient required RT 18 months later. This patient is alive without evidence of progression 18 years after RT.

Conclusion

The long-term follow-up results of this prospective trial confirm that adults with pilocytic astrocytomas have a favorable prognosis with regard to survival and neurologic function. Close observation is recommended for adults with pilocytic astrocytomas, reserving RT for salvage, as the majority remain stable after gross or subtotal resection and no adjuvant therapy.
Drug-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient Receiving Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Reyes Hans A. , Cativo Eder H. , Sy Alexander M.
Published: November 2015

Hepatitis C infection and its treatment have been associated with extrahepatic manifestations, including different skin conditions. Over the past decades, a greater number of drugs have been implicated as triggers for drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We report a case of a 42-year-old Hispanic man who developed a forehead violaceous rash during treatment with pegylated interferon alpha-2a as part of his therapy against hepatitis C infection that subsequently resulted to be subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The skin lesion improved with discontinuation of medication and some topic therapy.
Crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid
Authors: Smith Graham , Lynch Daniel E.
Published: November 2015

The crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABAH), namely bis(μ2-4-aminobenzoato-κ2O:O′)bis[bis(4-aminobenzoato-κ2O,O′)diaquaerbium(III)] dihydrate, [Er2(C7H6NO2)6(H2O)4]·2H2O, (I), and 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (CLNBAH), namely poly[hexakis(μ2-4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoato-κ2O:O′)bis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)dierbium(III)], [Er2(C7H3ClNO4)6(C2H6OS)2]n, (II), have been determined. In the structure of solvatomorphic compound (I), the symmetry-related irregular ErO8coordination polyhedra in the discrete centrosymmetric dinuclear complex comprise two monodentate water molecules and six carboxylate O-atom donors, four from two bidentate carboxylateO,O′-chelate groups and two from the bis-monodentateO:O′-bridging group of the third 4-ABA anion. The Er—O bond-length range is 2.232 (3)–2.478 (3) Å and the Er...Er separation in the dinuclear complex unit is 4.7527 (4) Å. One of the coordinating water molecules is involved in an intra-unit O—H...O hydrogen-bonding association with an inversion-related carboxylate O-atom acceptor. In contrast, the anhydrous compound (II) is polymeric, based on centrosymmetric dinuclear repeat units comprising ErO7coordination polyhedra which involve four O-atom donors from two bidentateO:O′-bridging carboxylate groups, one O-atom donor from the monodentate dimethyl sulfoxide ligand and two O-atom donors from the third bridging CLNBA anion. The latter provides the inter-unit link in the one-dimensional coordination polymer extending along [100]. The Er—O bond-length range in (II) is 2.239 (6)–2.348 (6) Å and the Er...Er separation within the dinuclear unit is 4.4620 (6) Å. In the crystal of (I), extensive inter-dimer O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both the coordinating water molecules and the solvent water molecules, as well as the amine groups of the 4-ABA anions, give an overall three-dimensional network structure. Within this structure are also weak π–π ring interactions between two of the coordinating ligands [ring-centroid separations = 3.676 (3) and 3.711 (2) Å]. With (II), only weak intra-polymer C—H...O, C—H...Cl and C—H...S interactions are present.
Crystal structures of three mercury(II) complexes [HgCl2L] whereLis a bidentate chiral imine ligand
Authors: Hernández Guadalupe , Bernès Sylvain , Portillo Oscar , Ruíz Alejandro , Moreno Gloria E. , Gutiérrez René
Published: November 2015

The crystal structures of three complexes [HgCl2L] were determined, namely, (S)-(+)-dichlorido[1-phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)ethylamine-κ2N,N′]mercury(II), [HgCl2(C14H14N2)], (S)-(+)-dichlorido[1-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)ethylamine-κ2N,N′]mercury(II), [HgCl2(C15H16N2)], and (1S,2S,3S,5R)-(+)-dichlorido[N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)isopinocampheylamine-κ2N,N′]mercury(II), [HgCl2(C16H22N2)]. The complexes consist of a bidentate chiral imine ligand coordinating to HgCl2and crystallize with four independent molecules in the first complex and two independent molecules in the other two. The coordination geometry of mercury is tetrahedral, with strong distortion towards a disphenoidal geometry, as a consequence of the imine bite angle being close to 70°. The Cl—Hg—Cl angles span a large range, 116.0 (2)–138.3 (3)°, which is related to the aggregation state in the crystals. For small Cl—Hg—Cl angles, complexes have a tendency to form dimers,viaintermolecular Hg...Cl contacts. These contacts become less significant in the third complex, which features the largest intramolecular Cl—Hg—Cl angles.
Crystal structure of (2′,3,6′-trichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)boronic acid tetrahydrofuran monosolvate
Authors: Durka Krzysztof , Kliś Tomasz , Serwatowski Janusz
Published: November 2015

The title compound, C12H8BCl3O2·C4H8O, crystallizes as a tetrahydrofuran monosolvate. The boronic acid group adopts asyn–anticonformation and is significantly twisted along the carbon–boron bond by 69.2 (1)°, due to considerable steric hindrance from the 2′,6′-dichlorophenyl group that is locatedorthoto the boronic acid substituent. The phenyl rings of the biphenyl are almost perpendicular to one another, with a dihedral angle of 87.9 (1)° between them. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linkedviaO—H...O interactions to form centrosymmetric dimers withR22(8) motifs, which have recently been shown to be energetically very favourable. The hydroxy groups are in ananticonformation and are also engaged in hydrogen-bonding interactions with the O atom of the tetrahydrofuran solvent molecule. Cl...Cl halogen-bonding interactions [Cl...Cl = 3.464 (1) Å] link neigbouring dimers into chains running along [010]. Further aggregation occurs due to an additional Cl...Cl halogen bond [Cl...Cl = 3.387 (1) Å].
Crystal structure of 1,1′-bis(2-methoxycarbonyl-2-methylpropyl)ferrocene
Authors: Guo Yan-Feng , Wang Jian-Jun , Xu Wei-Juan , Sun Dong-Hao , Gao Qiang
Published: November 2015

The Fe atom in the title ferrocene derivative, [Fe(C11H15O2)2], is situated on an inversion centre. As a result of the point-group symmetry -1 of the molecule, the ferrocene moiety adopts a staggered conformation. The average Fe—C(Cp) bond length (Cp is cyclopentadienyl) is 2.045 (4) Å, in agreement with that of other disubstituted ferrocenes. The Fe—C bond length involving the substituted C atom is slightly longer [2.0521 (17) Å] than the remaining Fe—C bond lengths caused by the inductive effect of the methylene group on the Cp ring. Apart from van der Waals forces, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed in the crystal packing.
Crystal structure of (5Z)-5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
Authors: Mague Joel T. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Akkurt Mehmet , Younes Sabry H. H. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: November 2015

In the title compound, C10H6BrNO3S, the dihedral angle between the thiazolidine ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.014 Å) and the benzene ring is 5.78 (14)°. The S atom of the heterocyclic ring is syn to the OH group attached to the benzene ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds generateR22(8) loops. The dimers are linked into [001] ribbons by pairwise O—H...O hydrogen bonds withR22(18) motifs. There are no short contacts involving the Br atom.
Crystal structure of di-μ-aqua-μ-(pyrazineN,N′-dioxide)-κ2O:O-bis(diaquasodium) tetraphenylborate dihydrate pyrazineN,N′-dioxide monosolvate
Authors: Boron Elaine P. , Carter Kelsey K. , Knaust Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2015

The search for novel lanthanide coordination networks using pyrazineN,N′-dioxide (pzdo, C4H4N2O2) as a structure-directing unit, led to the synthesis and the structure determination of the title compound, [Na2(C4H4N2O2)(H2O)6][B(C6H5)4]2·C4H4N2O2·2H2O. The crystal structure is comprised of discrete [{Na(H2O)2}2(μ-H2O)2(μ-pzdo)]2+cations and tetraphenylborate anions, as well as pzdo and H2O solvent molecules. The dinuclear cation is located about a twofold rotation axis, and the symmetry-related NaIatoms display a distorted square-pyramidal coordination sphere defined by two O atoms of terminal water ligands, two O atoms of bridging water ligands and one O atom of a bridging pzdo ligand. In the crystal, O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the dinuclear cation and solvent pzdo molecules (point-group symmetry -1) into rectangular grid-like layers parallel to thebcplane. Additional C—H...O, O—H...O, C—H...π and O—H...π interactions link the anion and solvent water molecules to the layers. The layers are further linked into a three-dimensional network through a combination of C—H...π and O—H...π hydrogen bonds involving the tetraphenylborate anion.
Crystal structure of bis{μ-1-[(E)-(3-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-olato-κ3N2,O:O}bis({1-[(E)-(3-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-olato-κ2N2,O}copper(II))
Authors: Chetioui Souheyla , Hamdouni Noudjoud , Bochet Christian G. , Djukic Jean-Pierre , Bailly Corinne
Published: November 2015

The title dinuclear CuIIcomplex, [Cu2(C17H13N2O2)4], is located on an inversion centre. The CuIIatoms are each five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry by two N atoms and two O atoms from two bidentate ligands and one bridging O atom from another ligand. In the dinuclear complex, the Cu...Cu separation is 3.366 (3) Å. In the crystal, complex molecules are linkedviaweak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer parallel to (-101).
Two ' s company, but three ' s no crowd
Authors: Shah Chirag , Hendahewa Chathra , González-Ibáñez Roberto
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate when and how people working in collaboration could be benefitted by an exploratory search task, specifically focussing on team size and its effect on the outcomes of such a task.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper investigates the effects of team sizes on exploratory search tasks using a lab study involving 68 participants – 12 individuals, ten dyads, and 12 triads. In order to assess various factors during their exploratory search sessions, an evaluation framework is synthesized using relevant literature. The framework consists of measures for five groups of quantities relevant to exploratory search: information exposure, information relevancy, information search, performance, and learning.

Findings

– The analyses on the user study data using the proposed framework reveals that while individuals working alone cover more information than those working in teams, the teams (dyads and triads) are able to achieve better information coverage and search performance due to their collaborative strategies. In many of the measures, the triads are found to be even better than the dyads, demonstrating the value of adding a collaborator to a search process with multiple facets.

Originality/value

– The findings shed light on not only how collaborative work could help in achieving better results in exploratory search, but also how team sizes affect specific aspects – information exposure, information relevancy, information search, performance, and learning – of exploratory search. This has implications for system designers, information managers, and educators.
A decade of evolving composites: regression- and meta-analysis
Authors: Frowd Charlie D. , Erickson William B. , Lampinen James M. , Skelton Faye C. , McIntyre Alex H. , Hancock Peter J.B.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of seven variables that emerge from forensic research on facial-composite construction and naming using contemporary police systems: EvoFIT, Feature and Sketch.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper involves regression- and meta-analyses on composite-naming data from 23 studies that have followed procedures used by police practitioners for forensic face construction. The corpus for analyses contains 6,464 individual naming responses from 1,069 participants in 41 experimental conditions.

Findings

– The analyses reveal that composites constructed from the holistic EvoFIT system were over four-times more identifiable than composites from “Feature” (E-FIT and PRO-fit) and Sketch systems; Sketch was somewhat more effective than Feature systems. EvoFIT was more effective when internal features were created before rather than after selecting hair and the other (blurred) external features. Adding questions about the global appearance of the face (as part of the holistic-cognitive interview (H-CI)) gives a valuable improvement in naming over the standard face-recall cognitive interview (CI) for all three system types tested. The analysis also confirmed that composites were considerably less effective when constructed from a long (one to two days) compared with a short (0-3.5 hours) retention interval.

Practical implications

– Variables were assessed that are of importance to forensic practitioners who construct composites with witnesses and victims of crime.

Originality/value

– Using a large corpus of forensically-relevant data, the main result is that EvoFIT using the internal-features method of construction is superior; an H-CI administered prior to face construction is also advantageous (cf. face-recall CI) for EvoFIT as well as for two further contrasting production systems.