bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A large‐scalable spraying‐spinning process for multifunctional electronic yarns
Authors: Gan Linli , Zeng Zhen , Lu Haojie , Li Daiqi , Wei Ke , Cai Guangming , Zhang Yingying
Published: September 2022

Electronic fibers/textiles have great potential for applications in smart wearables due to their excellent flexibility, air permeability, and wearing comfort. However, it is still challenging to produce reliable electronic textiles at low cost and in a large scale. Herein, we report a spraying‐spinning process for fabricating electronic yarns with excellent stability and durability. Cotton sliver, which is the raw material for spinning conventional cotton yarns, was spray coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and spun on an Ag@nylon yarn, forming a sheath‐core structured CNT@cotton‐Ag@nylon yarn (CCAY). The process is continuous, large‐scalable, applicable to other raw fiber materials and compatible with traditional textile processes. The as‐prepared CCAY showed superior mechanical durability, washability, and conductivity to typical surface coated yarns. It can be easily processed or integrated into textiles through weaving, knitting, sewing, and embroidering. We systematically studied the electromechanical, electro‐thermal, and photothermal performance of CCAY based yarns/fabrics, demonstrating its versatile applications in smart textiles. In addition, CCAY can be further equipped with other features, such as electro‐thermochromic functions, pH sensing and flame resistant abilities. Considering the large‐scalability, versatility, and low‐cost, we foresee that this spraying‐spinning process for electronic yarns may play important roles in the development of practical smart fibers/textiles.
Low Tortuosity 3D‐Printed Structures Enhance Reaction Kinetics in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xue Xinzhe , Lin Dun , Li Yat
Published: September 2022

Additive manufacturing offers new and exciting opportunities for the digital fabrication of energy storage and electrocatalytic devices. Herein, the important role of 3D‐printed low‐tortuosity structures in improving thick electrodes’ electrochemical kinetics (mass transfer and charge transfer) is highlighted. First, the key factors determining the electrochemical kinetics in open porous structures and the commonly used computational and experimental characterization methods for porous structures are reviewed. Then, various 3D‐printed energy storage and electrocatalytic electrodes and devices, focusing on the contribution of low‐tortuosity structure to electrochemical kinetics are featured. Finally, thoughts about the prospects and challenges of 3D‐printed energy storage and electrocatalytic systems are shared.
Design Strategies and in situ Infrared, Raman, and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Techniques Insight into the Electrocatalysts of Hydrogen Energy System
Authors: Sun Yu-Lin , Deng Yong-Liang , Chen Hao-Ning , Yang Xin-Tao , Lin Xiu-Mei , Li Jian-Feng
Published: September 2022

The challenging sluggish reaction kinetics of hydrogen energy‐related electrocatalysis can be overcome via exploring electrocatalysts with high‐efficient activity and long‐term durability. However, the deficiency of comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the evolution of the electrocatalysts, nature of active centers, intermediate species absorbed in the electrocatalysts, and the reaction pathway during the electrocatalytic processes seriously limits the elucidation of the composition/structure–activity relationship of electrocatalysts. To this end, plenty of powerful in situ techniques that can provide atomic/molecular information are employed to bridge the understanding of fundamental mechanisms to the practical development of electrocatalysts. This review summarizes design strategies based on composition regulation and morphology design for tuning the electronic/geometric structures of electrocatalytic materials with improved activity and stability. Moreover, the recent application of in situ infrared, Raman, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy is elaborated with emphases on tracking the dynamic evolution during electrocatalysis and building a link between the composition/structure and activity of electrocatalysts. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives for in situ monitoring techniques to gain an understanding more deeply and comprehensively in the hydrogen energy‐related electrocatalysis are proposed. This review provides insights into the rational optimization of electrocatalysts and inspire the unraveling mechanism of the enhanced electrocatalytic performance in future research.
Developments in the functions of autobiographical memory: An advanced review
Authors: Sow Farrah , Dijkstra Katinka , Janssen Steve M. J.
Published: September 2022

In this advanced review, the development of the three most commonly used functions of autobiographical memory—directing behavior, social bonding, and self‐continuity—and the support they have received in the literature are discussed. Support for this tripartite model often comes from correlational studies that use self‐report measures, but participants in these studies may not be aware that they retrieved autobiographical memories to fulfill certain goals. Not only is more experimental research needed to confirm the findings from correlational studies, this kind of research needs to be more rigorous. Moreover, the functions of the tripartite model may not be the only autobiographical memory functions that can be distinguished. For example, there is already substantial support for the emotion‐regulation function. Although memories can be used for multiple functions, patterns between aspects of the event (e.g., emotional valence) or memory (e.g., specificity) and their functionality have been found. In addition, individual differences (e.g., cultural background, depression symptoms) and situational factors (e.g., is there a goal that needs to be fulfilled) may regulate the functional deployment of autobiographical memories. Future research should therefore extend its focus on the conditions in which these functions can be observed.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
Surgical management of facial dog bite trauma: A contemporary perspective and review
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Karim Maria , Grace Zachary T. , Magdich Andrew R. , Carniol Eric C. , Benson Brian E. , Svider Peter F.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To perform a review evaluating management of and complications stemming from dog bite trauma sustained to the head and neck over the past decade.

Data Sources

PubMed and Cochrane Library.

Methods

The authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for relevant published literature. A total of 12 peer‐reviewed canine‐exclusive series inclusive of 1384 patient cases describing facial dog bite trauma met inclusion criteria. Wounds including fractures, lacerations, contusions, and other soft‐tissue injuries were evaluated. Demographics related to clinical course and management, operating room requirements, and antibiotic usage were compiled and analyzed. Initial trauma and surgical management complications were also assessed.

Results

75.5% of patients sustaining dog bites required surgical intervention. Of these patients, 7.8% suffered from postsurgical complications, including hypertrophic scarring (4.3%), postoperative infection (0.8%), or nerve deficits and persistent paresthesias (0.8%). Prophylactic antibiotics were administered to 44.3% of patients treated for facial dog bites and the overall infection rate was 5.6%. Concomitant fracture was present in 1.0% of patients.

Conclusion

Primary closure, often in the OR may be necessary, with few cases requiring grafts or flaps. Surgeons should be aware that the most common complication is hypertrophic scarring. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of prophylactic antibiotics.
It's time to manage mountain lions in Texas
Authors: Elbroch L. Mark , Harveson Patricia M.
Published: September 2022

Mountain lions, also called cougars, pumas and Florida panthers, are a wide‐ranging, large felid in the western hemisphere. Every U.S. state in which there are breeding populations of mountain lions offer the species some level of protection, except Texas. Here, we summarize historical research on mountain lions in Texas, human perceptions about the species, and historical discussions within Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) about mountain lion management obtained via the Public Information Act (Texas Government Code, Ch. 552). To date, genetic research supports 2 distinct mountain lion populations, one west of the Pecos River and another in South Texas, which evidence suggests is suffering from isolation and is in immediate risk of extinction. Anthropogenic mortality rates in Texas are among the highest in the U.S., and well beyond the suggested harvest rates recommended to maintain stable mountain lion populations. Similarly, adult female mountain lion survival in Texas suggests that populations were likely declining when the studies were active. Internally, TPWD has repeatedly discussed initiating a mountain lion management policy, the benefits of requiring mandatory reporting for all mountain lion mortalities, as well as the unreliable nature of sightings data, which they have historically used as a metric for abundance. Public support, including among rural communities, is good for both mountain lions and TPWD. Ultimately, we present evidence to suggest that it is time to actively manage mountain lions in Texas and for the TPWD to create a management plan for the species. A management plan is both necessary to fulfill state mandates for the protection of nongame species, as well as to build a science‐based conservation strategy for the species.
Examples for Nuclear Safeguards Applications
Authors: Hendricks John S. , Swinhoe Martyn T. , Favalli Andrea
Published: September 2022

Four simplified examples of actual safeguard calculations are provided. First is a combined (α,n) and spontaneous fission source in a nuclear fuel assembly in a water tank with fission detectors. Second is an HLNC2 high level neutron coincidence counter for spontaneous fission and (α,n) neutron multiplicity counting. Third is an NaI scintillation detector for a photon pulse-height tally measurement of a photon source from a cylindrical UO2pellet. Fourth is a Cf shuffler, utilizing a252Cf spontaneous fission source, used to measure a nuclear material item, with3He tubes measuring the time-dependent delayed neutron buildup signature. The MCNP output from these calculations provides the data for safeguard analysis.
Collision of localized shocks in AdS5 as a series expansion in transverse gradients
Authors: Waeber Sebastian , Yaffe Laurence G.
Published: September 2022

Abstract

We introduce a computational framework to more efficiently calculate the collision of localized shocks in five dimensional asymptotically Anti-de Sitter space. We expand the Einstein equations in transverse gradients and find that our numerical results agree well with exact solutions already at first order in the expansion. Moreover, the Einstein equations at first order in transverse gradients can be decoupled into two sets of differential equations. The bulk fields of one of these sets has only a negligible contribution to boundary observables, such that the computation on each time slice can be simplified to the solution of several planar shockwave equations plus four further differential equations for each transverse plane ‘pixel’. At the cost of errors of ≲ 10% at the hydrodynamization time and for low to mid rapidities, useful numerical solutions can be sped up by roughly one order of magnitude.
Effective gravitational couplings of higher-rank supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: John Renjan Rajan , Mahato Sujoy , Raman Madhusudhan
Published: September 2022

Abstract

When placed on four-manifolds, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories couple to topological invariants of the background via two functions A and B. General considerations allow for these functions to be fixed in terms of the Coulomb moduli and other parameters in the theory, but only up to multiplicative factors about which little is known. We extend earlier work on the microscopic study of these functions in the Ω-background to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2* gauge theories with higher-rank U(N) gauge groups. We complement this analysis by carrying out a perturbative study of these functions. This allows us to determine the manner in which these multiplicative factors scale with the rank of the gauge group and the mass of the adjoint hypermultiplet.
Poincaré profiles of Lie groups and a coarse geometric dichotomy
Authors: Hume David , Mackay John M. , Tessera Romain
Published: September 2022

Poincaré profiles are analytically defined invariants, which provide obstructions to the existence of coarse embeddings between metric spaces. We calculate them for all connected unimodular Lie groups, Baumslag–Solitar groups and Thurston geometries, demonstrating two substantially different types of behaviour. For Lie groups, our dichotomy extends both the rank one versus higher rank dichotomy for semisimple Lie groups and the polynomial versus exponential growth dichotomy for solvable unimodular Lie groups. We provide equivalent algebraic, quasi-isometric and coarse geometric formulations of this dichotomy. As a consequence, we deduce that for groups of the form $$N\times S$$

N
×
S

, where N is a connected nilpotent Lie group, and S is a rank one simple Lie group, both the growth exponent of N, and the conformal dimension of S are non-decreasing under coarse embeddings. These results are new even for quasi-isometric embeddings and give obstructions which in many cases improve those previously obtained by Buyalo–Schroeder.
Cooperative approach to a location problem with agglomeration economies
Authors: Bergantiños Gustavo , Navarro-Ramos Adriana
Published: September 2022

This paper considers agglomeration economies. A new firm is planning to open a plant in a country divided into several regions. Each firm receives a positive externality if the new plant is located in its region. In a decentralized mechanism, the plant would be opened in the region where the new firm maximizes its individual benefit. Due to the externalities, it could be the case that the aggregate utility of all firms is maximized in a different region. Thus, the firms in the optimal region could transfer something to the new firm in order to incentivize it to open the plant in that region. We propose two rules that provide two different schemes for transfers between firms already located in the country and the newcomer. The first is based on cooperative game theory. This rule coincides with the $$\tau$$
τ
-value, the nucleolus, and the per capita nucleolus of the associated cooperative game. The second is defined directly. We provide axiomatic characterizations for both rules. We characterize the core of the cooperative game. We prove that both rules belong to the core.
Real-time colorectal polyp detection using a novel computer-aided detection system (CADe): a feasibility study
Authors: Soons E. , Rath T. , Hazewinkel Y. , van Dop W. A. , Esposito D. , Testoni P. A. , Siersema P. D.
Published: September 2022

Background and aims

Colonoscopy aims to early detect and remove precancerous colorectal polyps, thereby preventing development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, computer-aided detection (CADe) systems have been developed to assist endoscopists in polyp detection during colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate feasibility and safety of a novel CADe system during real-time colonoscopy in three European tertiary referral centers.

Methods

Ninety patients undergoing colonoscopy assisted by a real-time CADe system (DISCOVERY; Pentax Medical, Tokyo, Japan) were prospectively included. The CADe system was turned on only at withdrawal, and its output was displayed on secondary monitor. To study feasibility, inspection time, polyp detection rate (PDR), adenoma detection rate (ADR), sessile serrated lesion (SSL) detection rate (SDR), and the number of false positives were recorded. To study safety, (severe) adverse events ((S)AEs) were collected. Additionally, user friendliness was rated from 1 (worst) to 10 (best) by endoscopists.

Results

Mean inspection time was 10.8 ± 4.3 min, while PDR was 55.6%, ADR 28.9%, and SDR 11.1%. The CADe system users estimated that < 20 false positives occurred in 81 colonoscopy procedures (90%). No (S)AEs related to the CADe system were observed during the 30-day follow-up period. User friendliness was rated as good, with a median score of 8/10.

Conclusion

Colonoscopy with this novel CADe system in a real-time setting was feasible and safe. Although PDR and SDR were high compared to previous studies with other CADe systems, future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these detection rates. The high SDR is of particular interest since interval CRC has been suggested to develop frequently through the serrated neoplasia pathway.

Clinical Trial Registration

The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (reference number: NL8788).
Mixed reality depth contour occlusion using binocular similarity matching and three-dimensional contour optimisation
Authors: Ji Naye , Zhang Fan , Zhang Haoxiang , Zhao Youbing , Yu Dingguo
Published: September 2022

Mixed reality applications often require virtual objects that are partly occluded by real objects. However, previous research and commercial products have limitations in terms of performance and efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose a novel depth contour occlusion (DCO) algorithm. The proposed method is based on the sensitivity of contour occlusion and a binocular stereoscopic vision device. In this method, a depth contour map is combined with a sparse depth map obtained from a two-stage adaptive filter area stereo matching algorithm and the depth contour map of the objects extracted by a digital image stabilisation optical flow method. We also propose a quadratic optimisation model with three constraints to generate an accurate dense map of the depth contour for high-quality real-virtual occlusion. The whole process is accelerated by GPU. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we demonstrate a time consumption statistical analysis for each stage of the DCO algorithm execution. To verify the reliability of the real-virtual occlusion effect, we conduct an experimental analysis on single-sided, enclosed, and complex occlusions. Subsequently, we compare it with the occlusion method without quadratic optimisation. With our GPU implementation for real-time DCO, the evaluation indicates that applying the presented DCO algorithm enhances the real-time performance and the visual quality of real-virtual occlusion.
A review on the handling of discounting in eco-efficiency analysis
Authors: Lueddeckens Stefan
Published: September 2022

Decisions on measures reducing environmental damage or improving environmental impact are usually constrained by financial limitations. Eco-efficiency analysis has emerged as a practical decision support tool by integrating environmental and economic performance. Environmental impact, as well as economic revenues and expenses, are usually distributed over a certain time scale. The temporal distribution of economic data is frequently assessed by discounting while discounting of environmental impact is rather uncommon. The scope of this paper is to reveal if this assumed inconsistency is common in eco-efficiency assessment literature, what reasons and interrelations with indicators exist and what solutions are proposed. Therefore, a systematic literature review is conducted and 35 publications are assessed. Theoretical eco-efficiency definitions and applied eco-efficiency indicators, as well as applied environmental and economic assessment methods, are compared here, but it is revealed that none of the empirical literature findings applied or discussed environmental discounting. It was, however, found in methodical literature. It is concluded that the theoretical foundation for the application of discounting on environmental impact is still insufficient and that even the theoretical foundation of economic discounting in studies is often poor. Further research and, eventually, a practical framework for environmental discounting would be beneficial for better-founded, more “eco-efficient” decisions.

Graphical Abstract
Disseminating Evidence-Based Interventions for Adolescent HIV Treatment and Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Atujuna Millicent , Tucker Joseph , Crooks Natasha , Zanoni Brian , Donenberg Geri R.
Published: September 2022

Over two-thirds of adolescents living with HIV worldwide reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite widespread availability and access to evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment, dissemination has been inadequate. This commentary distinguishes between implementation and dissemination, reflecting on the unique barriers to dissemination of evidence-based programs in SSA. We present a seven-strategy blueprint developed by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) that emphasizes targeted communication about research findings. Two case studies from the Adolescent HIV Implementation Science Alliance are presented to illustrate the value of planning for dissemination. We propose recommendations to strengthen dissemination recognizing that these may not be possible or appropriate in all situations, including developing a plan early in the process, engaging a dissemination technical team for support, the application of methodological rigor and theory to inform dissemination, active involvement of youth voices and digital tools to maximize message reach, and a keen recognition of evolving contexts and shifting priorities in order to nimbly tailor messages as needed.
Students’ perceptions of their first experiences of secondary-school science in New Zealand
Authors: Taylor Simon Peter
Published: September 2022

In this article, I report a two-year study of working closely with science teachers and examining perceptions of Year 9 (12–13 year olds) students in 13 New Zealand secondary schools. The Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) was used. The questionnaire was administered to 327 students in the first year and 362 students in the second year to find out their perceptions of their preferred learning environments in order to compare this with their perceptions of the actual situation. The data were used to plan improvements in learning environments through a teacher professional learning process by redesigning programmes and encouraging changes in students’ classroom behaviours. Co-constructive learning strategies and reshaping of lessons to include current topics were used as tools to encourage students’ expression of opinions, personal relevance and shared control in their learning. After each subsequent year-long intervention, the CLES was re-administered to reveal that there had indeed been an improvement. The research is distinctive because it is a learning environment study in New Zealand schools examining students’ psychosocial perceptions related to their first-year experiences of science at the secondary level.
Refractive index sensor based on plasmonic D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with pyramid grating
Authors: Elmahdy Nagat A. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Obayya S. S. A.
Published: September 2022

In this work, highly sensitive D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with plasmonic pyramid grating is introduced and analyzed. The sensing mechanism depends on the coupling between the fundamental core mode and the surface plasmon mode around the plasmonic pyramid grating. The resonance frequency depends on the analyte refractive index (RI) which can be employed to detect the analyte RI changes. The geometrical parameters of the proposed PCF and gold pyramid grating are studied to enhance the RI sensor sensitivity. The simulation results are obtained using full vectorial finite element method. The suggested sensor has higher sensitivity of 5200 nm/RIU than 3340 nm/RIU of the conventional grating design through the studied RI range from 1.355 to 1.385. Therefore, the reported RI sensor can be used for basal cancer cell detection with normal and cancerous cells’ refractive indices of 1.36 and 1.38, respectively. Additionally, linear performance is achieved using the reported design.
Exact simulation of normal tempered stable processes of OU type with applications
Authors: Sabino Piergiacomo
Published: September 2022

We study the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process having a symmetric normal tempered stable stationary law and represent its transition distribution in terms of the sum of independent laws. In addition, we write the background driving Lévy process as the sum of two independent Lévy components. Accordingly, we can design two alternate algorithms for the simulation of the skeleton of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The solution based on the transition law turns out to be faster since it is based on a lower number of computational steps, as confirmed by extensive numerical experiments. We also calculate the characteristic function of the transition density which is instrumental for the application of the FFT-based method of Carr and Madan (J Comput Finance 2:61–73, 1999) to the pricing of a strip of call options written on markets whose price evolution is modeled by such an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck dynamics. This setting is indeed common for spot prices in the energy field. Finally, we show how to extend the range of applications to future markets.
Gilbertaria, a first crustose genus in the Sphaerophoraceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) for Catillaria contristans, Toninia squalescens and related species
Authors: Svensson Måns , Fryday Alan M.
Published: September 2022

Lecideoid lichen-forming fungi are a large, heterogeneous group that includes many species described during the nineteenth century that are of unclear taxonomic status. We revise such a group, the species of which have previously been treated under the much-misunderstood names Catillaria contristans or Toninia squalescens, and use a seven-locus phylogeny to determine its phylogenetic position. We found strong support for a previously unrecognized monophyletic lineage within the Sphaerophoraceae, comprising five phylogenetic species, and describe the new genus Gilbertaria to accommodate them. The new genus is characterized by a crustose growth form, 1-septate ascospores, thick ((1.5–)2–3(–4) μm wide) paraphyses and asci of the Biatora-type. We revise the nomenclature and give new delimitations and descriptions of the Northern Hemisphere species Gilbertaria contristans comb. nov., G. holomeloides comb. nov., G. squalescens comb. nov. and describe the new species G. astrapeana from the Falkland Islands.
The role of humility in Chief Executive Officers: a review
Authors: Brunzel Johannes , Ebsen Daniel
Published: September 2022

Humility, defined as a multidimensional construct comprising an accurate assessment of one’s characteristics, an ability to acknowledge limitations and strengths, and a low self-focus, is a complex trait to potentially counterbalance detrimental effects of “negative” personal traits (e.g., narcissism), thereby making it relevant to researchers and practitioners in Management and Psychology. Whereas the study of the humility construct has become ubiquitous in Social Psychology, to our best knowledge, a review of the effects of humility in the contexts of company leaders (i.e., Chief Executive Officers) is lacking. Our systematic review suggests that CEO humility, directly and indirectly, affects a variety of individual, team, and organizational level constructs. Implications for research and practice are discussed, providing a future agenda for the construct to reach its full potential despite its relative novelty.
Right Heart Function in Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Kramer Tilmann , Brinkkoetter Paul , Rosenkranz Stephan
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review

Since CRS is critically dependent on right heart function and involved in interorgan crosstalk, assessment and monitoring of both right heart and kidney function are of utmost importance for clinical outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively report on novel diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms that are gaining importance for the clinical management of the growing heart failure population suffering from CRS.

Recent Findings

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in patients with heart failure is associated with poor outcome. Although systemic venous congestion and elevated central venous pressure have been recognized as main contributors to CRS, they are often neglected in clinical practice. The delicate hemodynamic balance in CRS is particularly determined by the respective status of the right heart.

The consideration of hemodynamic and CRS profiles is advantageous in tailoring treatment for better preservation of renal function. Assessment and monitoring of right heart and renal function by known and emerging tools like renal Doppler ultrasonography or new biomarkers may have direct clinical implications.
A Delphi consensus panel about clinical management of early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Spain: a Delphi consensus panel study
Authors: Isla Dolores , Felip Enriqueta , Garrido Pilar , Insa Amelia , Majem Margarita , Remon Jordi , Trigo Jose M. , de Castro Javier
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This Delphi panel study assessed the level of consensus between medical oncologists on the clinical management of patients with early-stageEGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

A modified two-round Delphi approach was used. A scientific committee comprised of medical oncologists developed an online questionnaire. Delphi panel experts rated their level of agreement with each questionnaire statement on a 9-point Likert scale. The questionnaire included 36 statements from 3 domains (clinical management of early-stage NSCLC: 15 statements; role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC: 9 statements; and role of adjuvant therapy in early-stage NSCLC with sensitizingEGFRmutation: 12 statements).

Results

In round 1, consensus was reached for 24/36 statements (66.7%). Nine statements that did not achieve consensus after the first round were evaluated in round 2, and none of them reached consensus. Overall, 84.4% of the panelists agreed thatEGFRmutation testing should be done after surgery. Consensus was not achieved on whether the implementation ofEGFRmutation testing in resected early-stage NSCLC could limit the use of adjuvant osimertinib. The panelists recognized the rationale for the use of osimertinib in the adjuvant scenario (88%) and 72% agreed that it may change the treatment paradigm in stage IB–IIIAEGFR-mutated NSCLC. Consensus was not reached on the inconvenience of prolonged duration of osimertinib.

Conclusions

This Delphi study provides valuable insights into relevant questions in the management of early-stageEGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, specific issues remain unresolved. The expert consensus emphasizes the role of adjuvant treatment with osimertinib in this scenario.
Physical activity improves body image of sedentary adults. Exploring the roles of interoception and affective response
Authors: Srismith Duangkamol , Dierkes Katja , Zipfel Stephan , Thiel Ansgar , Sudeck Gorden , Giel Katrin E. , Behrens Simone C.
Published: September 2022

To reduce the number of sedentary people, an improved understanding of effects of exercise in this specific group is needed. The present project investigates the impact of regular aerobic exercise uptake on body image, and how this effect is associated with differences in interoceptive abilities and affective response to exercise. Participants were 29 sedentary adults who underwent a 12-week aerobic physical activity intervention comprised of 30–36 sessions. Body image was improved with large effect sizes. Correlations were observed between affective response to physical activity and body image improvement, but not with interoceptive abilities. Explorative mediation models suggest a neglectable role of a priori interoceptive abilities. Instead, body image improvement was achieved when positive valence was assigned to interoceptive cues experienced during exercise.
Biosemiotic Achievement Award for the Year 2021
Authors: Olteanu Alin , Romanini Vinicius
Published: September 2022

The Annual Biosemiotic Achievement Award was established at the annual meeting of the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies (ISBS) in 2014, in conjunction with Springer and Biosemiotics. It seeks to recognize papers published in the journal that present novel and potentially important contributions to biosemiotic research, its scientific impact and its future prospects. Here the winner of the Biosemiotic Achievement Award for 2020 is announced: The award goes to Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen and Majid D. Beni for their article "Active Inference and Abduction".
Biliatresone: progress in biliary atresia study
Authors: Zhu Jia-Jie , Yang Yi-Fan , Dong Rui , Zheng Shan
Published: September 2022

Background

Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the main causes of neonatal end-stage liver disease. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, most children with BA will develop irreversible liver fibrosis within the first two months. While current theorized causes of BA include viral infection, immune disorders, and genetic defects, the comprehensive etiology is still largely unknown. Recently, biliatresone attracted much interest for its ability to induce BA in both zebrafish and mice, so we summarized the latest progress of biliatresone research in BA and tried to answer the question of whether it could provide further clues to the etiology of human BA.

Data sources

We conducted a PubMed search for any published articles related to the topic using search terms including “biliary atresia”, “biliatresone”, “GSH”, and “HSP90”. Relevant data were extracted from the original text or supplementary materials of the corresponding articles.

Results

Biliatresone had shown its unique toxicity in multiple species such as zebrafish and mice, and pathogenic factors involved included glutathione (GSH), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the related pathways. In combination with epidemiological evidence and recent studies on the intestinal flora in biliary atresia, a new pathogenic hypothesis that the occurrence of biliary atresia is partly due to biliatresone or its structure-like compounds depositing in human body via vegetables or/and the altered intestinal flora structure can be tentatively established.

Conclusions

Based on the existing evidence, we emphasized that GSH and HSP90 are involved in the development of BA, and the maternal diet, especially higher vegetable intake of Asian women of childbearing age, accompanied by the altered intestinal flora structure, may contribute to the occurrence of biliary atresia and the higher incidence in the Asia group. However, the evidence from large sample epidemiological research is necessary.
Integrated and interactive 4D system for archaeological stratigraphy
Authors: Ortega-Alvarado Lidia M. , García-Fernández Ángel-Luis , Conde-Rodríguez Francisco , Jurado-Rodríguez Juan M.
Published: September 2022

The digitization of some of the processes carried out in an archaeological excavation is changing the way of working at the site. Today, new technologies coexist with traditional methodologies. The study of stratigraphy can combine drawings of profiles and plans, the Harris Matrix diagram, as well as digitized files that perform a complete record of the stratigraphic sequence. However, this information is usually unaggregated from the rest of the information system that makes up the archaeological record. In this paper, we present an integrated software tool and the associated methodology to record, store, visualize and analyze the 3D stratigraphy of a site. The implementation uses spatial databases to store information of a heterogeneous nature and game engines for the visualization and interaction with this information. During the excavation process, the strata are scanned using the Tof technology, which is available in many smartphones. The resulting 3D model of the stratum, once uploaded to the software system, allows us to visualize the sequence of strata incorporating the findings into their original arrangement. Some additional tools, such as the scrollbar, help to perform a temporal analysis of the site. The result is a 4D interactive stratigraphy tool, which together with the Harris Matrix, complements the archaeological record and facilitates the work to archaeologists. This methodology also allows to speed up the on-site work and the subsequent analysis, while improving the user experience with the 3D archaeological site replica.
Investigation of Strain-Temperature Cross-Sensitivity of FBG Strain Sensors Embedded Onto Different Substrates
Authors: Qin Heying , Tang Pengfei , Lei Jing , Chen Hongbin , Luo Boguang
Published: September 2022

The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity problem easily occurs in the engineering strain monitoring of the self-sensing embedded with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In this work, a theoretical investigation of the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity has been performed using the temperature reference grating method. To experimentally observe and theoretically verify the problem, the substrate materials, the preloading technique, and the FBG initial central wavelength were taken as main parameters. And a series of sensitivity coefficients calibration tests and temperature compensation tests have been designed and carried out. It was found that when the FBG sensors were embedded on different substrates, their coefficients of the temperature sensitivity were significantly changed. Besides, the larger the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of substrates were, the higher the temperature sensitivity coefficients would be. On the other hand, the effect of the preloading technique and FBG initial wavelength was negligible on both the strain monitoring and temperature compensation. In the case of similar substrates, we did not observe any difference between temperature sensitivity coefficients of the temperature compensation FBG with one free end or two free ends. The curves of the force along with temperature were almost overlapped with minor differences (less than 1%) gained by FBG sensors and pressure sensors, which verified the accuracy of the temperature compensation method. We suggest that this work can provide efficient solutions to the strain-temperature cross-sensitivity for engineering strain monitoring with the self-sensing element embedded with FBG sensors.
Electronic structure, bonding characteristics, and mechanical behaviors of a new family of Si-containing damage-tolerant MAB phases M5SiB2 (M = IVB—VIB transition metals)
Authors: Ni Na , Zhang Hanchao , Zhou Yanchun
Published: September 2022

MAB phases are layered ternary compounds with alternative stacking of transition metal boride layers and group A element layers. Until now, most of the investigated MAB phases are concentrated on compounds with Al as the A element layers. In this work, the family of M5SiB2 (M = IVB—VIB transition metals) compounds with silicon as interlayers were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) methods as potential MAB phases for high-temperature applications. Starting from the known Mo5SiB2, the electronic structure, bonding characteristics, and mechanical behaviors were systematically investigated and discussed. Although the composition of M5SiB2 does not follow the general formula of experimentally reported (MB)2zAx(MB2)y (z = 1, 2; x = 1, 2; y = 0, 1, 2), their layered structure and anisotropic bonding characteristics are similar to other known MAB phases, which justifies their classification as new members of this material class. As a result of the higher bulk modulus and lower shear modulus, Mo5SiB2 has a Pugh’s ratio of 0.53, which is much lower than the common MAB phases. It was found that the stability and mechanical properties of M5SiB2 compounds depend on their valence electron concentrations (VECs), and an optimum VEC exists as the criteria for stability. The hypothesized Zr and Hf containing compounds, i.e., Zr5SiB2 and Hf5SiB2, which are more interesting in terms of high-temperature oxidation/ablation resistance, were found to be unfortunately unstable. To cope with this problem, a new stable solid solution (Zr0.6Mo0.4)5SiB2 was designed based on VEC tuning to demonstrate a promising approach for developing new MAB phases with desirable compositions.
Safety of International Professional Sports Competitions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Association Football Experience
Authors: Caniza Horacio , Forriol Francisco , Pangrazio Osvaldo , Gil-Conesa Mario
Published: September 2022

Major sporting events were suspended during the most acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Competitions are resuming with enhanced hygiene protocols and altered mechanics. While risks for players and staff have been studied, the impact of large-scale tournaments on the communities that host them remains largely unstudied. CONMEBOL Copa América is one of the first wide-scale international tournaments to be conducted in its original format since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament saw 10 national teams compete in four Brazilian cities during a period of heightened viral transmission. The analysis of over 28,000 compulsory PCR tests showed that positive cases did not lead to the uncontrolled spread of the disease among staff and players. More importantly, the data indicate that locally hired staff were not exposed to increased risk while working. The Copa América experience shows that international sporting competitions can be conducted safely even under unfavourable epidemiological situations.
Vitamin D and bone metabolism in Graves’ disease: a prospective study
Authors: Khamisi S. , Lundqvist M. , Rasmusson A. J. , Engström B. E. , Karlsson F. A. , Ljunggren Ö.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Vitamin D and osteoporosis in Graves’ disease (GD) have been examined in cross-sectional studies with divergent results. Here, we prospectively studied vitamin D metabolism and bone health in patients with newly diagnosed GD.

Methods

Thirty consecutive patients with de novo overt thyrotoxicosis diagnosed with GD were included. At diagnosis, none of the patients were treated with vitamin D or anti-osteoporotic drugs. All patients were initially treated with antithyroid drugs. Blood samplings were taken at baseline and at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment start. Serum levels of 25OHD3, 1,25OH2D3, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and C-terminal telopeptides of Type I collagen (CTX-I) were analysed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline, and 1 and 2 years after treatment initiation.

Results

At diagnosis, patients with GD did not have vitamin D deficiency. There were no significant correlations between levels of 25OHD3 and thyrotoxicosis. Upon treatment of the thyrotoxicosis, serum calcium fell transiently, and PTH and 1,25OH2D3 increased. 25OHD3 fell within the normal range and stabilised at 6 months. CTX-I fell over 12 months, BMD increased significantly up to 2 years, p = 0.002, < 0.001 and 0.005 in the spine, left total hip and left femoral neck, respectively.

Conclusions

The present data underline that thyrotoxicosis has a negative impact on bone health and demonstrate fine-tuned dynamics in bone and vitamin D metabolism. Upon treatment, bone health improved over a follow-up period of 24 months despite rising PTH. Increased conversion of 25OHD3 to 1,25OH2D3 occurs during treatment of GD.
Effect mechanism of nitrogen injection into fire-sealed-zone on residual-coal re-ignition under stress in goaf
Authors: Xu Yongliang , Liu Zejian , Wen Xinglin , Wang Lanyun , Lv Zhiguang , Wu Jindong , Li Minjie
Published: September 2022

Coal is the one of foundations of energy and economic structure in China, while the unsealing of coal mine fires would cause a great risk of coal re-ignition. In order to explore the influence of pressure-bearing state on the re-ignition characteristics for residual coal, the uniaxial compression equipped with a temperature-programmed device was built. The scanning electron microscope, synchronous thermal analyzer and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer was applied to investigate the microscopic structure and thermal effect of the coal samples. Moreover, the microscopic effect of uniaxial stress on coal re-ignition is revealed, and the re-ignition mechanism is also obtained. As the uniaxial stress increasing, the number, depth and length of the fractures of the pre-treated coal increases. The application of uniaxial stress causes the thermal conductivity to change periodically, enhances the inhibition of injecting nitrogen on heat transfer and prolonges the duration of oxidation exothermic. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups has a high correlation with apparent activation energy, and coal samples at 6 MPa is more probability to re-ignite while the fire zone is unsealed. Uniaxial stress could control the re-ignition mechanism by changing the structure of fractures and pores. The side chains and functional groups of coal structure are easier to be broken by thermal-stress coupling. The higher the ·OH content, the more difficult coal samples would be re-ignited. The research results would lay a solid theoretical foundation for the safe unsealing of closed fire-areas underground, tighten the common bond between the actual industry and the experimental theory in closed fire-areas underground, and provide the theoretical guidance for coal re-ignition preventing.
Energy-Shaping Controllers for Soft Robot Manipulators Through Port-Hamiltonian Cosserat Models
Authors: Caasenbrood Brandon , Pogromsky Alexander , Nijmeijer Henk
Published: September 2022

In this work, we discuss the application of energy-based controller design for under-actuated soft robot manipulators. The continuous dynamics of the soft robot are modeled through the differential geometry of Cosserat beams. Using a finite-dimensional truncation, the system can be written as a reduced port-Hamiltonian model that preserves the passivity condition. Then, a model-based controller is introduced that produces a local minimizer of closed-loop potential energy for the desired end-effector configuration. The stabilizing control utilizes an energy-based approach and exploits the passivity of the soft robotic system. The effectiveness of the energy-based controller is demonstrated through extensive simulations of various soft robotic systems that share a resemblance with biology. All software and numerical studies are provided in an open-access SOROTOKI toolkit written in Matlab.
A Reference Architecture for IoT-Enabled Smart Buildings
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Rizwan , Gill Asif Qumer , Beydoun Ghassan
Published: September 2022

The management and analytics of big data generated from IoT sensors deployed in smart buildings pose a real challenge in today’s world. Hence, there is a clear need for an IoT focused Integrated Big Data Management and Analytics framework to enable the near real-time autonomous control and management of smart buildings. The focus of this paper is on the development and evaluation of the reference architecture required to support such a framework. The applicability of the reference architecture is evaluated by taking into account various example scenarios for a smart building involving the management and analysis of near real-time IoT data from 1000 sensors. The results demonstrate that the reference architecture can guide the complex integration and orchestration of real-time IoT data management, analytics, and autonomous control of smart buildings, and that the architecture can be scaled up to address challenges for other smart environments.