bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KINERJA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MAQASHID INDEKS
Authors: Al-Ghifari Muhammad , Handoko Luqman Hakim , Yani Endang Ahmad
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK: Penilaian kinerja perbankan syariah biasanya menggunakan alat ukur konvensional. Padahal untuk menilai kinerja perbankan syariah tidak dapat disamakan dengan perbankan konvensional, karena keduanya memiliki tujuan dan pandangan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja perbankan syariah dengan pendekatan maqashid indeks. Objek penelitian terdiri dari empat bank syariah di Indonesia (Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah dan Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah) dan empat bank syariah Malaysia (Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Islamic Bank, Maybank Islamic Berhad dan RHB Islamic Bank) selama tahun 2011-2014. Kemudian, bank syariah diukur dan diranking kinerjanya berdasarkan tiga langkah: 1) rasio kinerja 2) indikator kinerja dan 3) maqashid indeks secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bank Muamalat Indonesia memiliki kinerja tertinggi di dengan nilai 15.12%. Selanjutnya, kinerja terendah terjadi di CIMB Islamic Bank dengan 7.02%.Kata Kunci: Penilaian Kinerja, Perbankan Syariah, Indonesia, Malaysiaand Maqashid IndeksABSTRACT: The measurement of Islamic banking usually uses a conventional measurement. But to evaluate performance of Islamic banking can not be equated to conventional banks, because they have different purpose and views. Therefore aims to understand the performance of Islamic banks based on the maqashid index approach. Objects research consisting of four Islamic banks in Indonesia (Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Muamalat indonesia, Bank Rakyat Indonesia Syariah and Bank Negara Indonesia Syariah) and four Islamicbanks in Malaysia (Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Islamic Bank, Maybank Islamic Berhad and RHB Islamic Bank) for years 2011-2014. Then, Islamic banks measured and rank its performance based on three steps: 1) the ratio performance 2) performance indicators and 3) the overall maqashid index. The research showed, that Bank Muamalat Indonesia has the highest performance is 15.12%. Next, the lowest performance is 7.02% by CIMB Islamic Bank.Keywords: Performance Measurement, Islamic Banking, MaqashidIndex and.
TINJAUAN FIQIH MUAMALAH TERHADAP PRAKTEK BISNIS COST PER ACTION (CPA): STUDI KASUS DI WWW.ACCESSTRADE.CO.ID
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Hafizh Muhammad
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akad yang digunakan di dalam sistem CPA antara advertiser, Access Trade, publisher dan untuk mengetahui praktek bisnis yang diterapkan apakah sudah memenuhi prinsip muamalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan (field research), dan jika mengacu pada pokok permasalahan dan tujuan penelitian, maka penelitian ini termasuk penelitian studi kasus (case study). Sedangkan dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi naskah dan penulis berpartisipasi dalam program CPA ini. Penulis menganalisis data ini dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif yaitu usaha mengumpulkan dan menyusun suatu data, kemudian dilakukan analisis dan interpretasi terhadap data tersebut, dengan kata lain memberikan gambaran yang jelas dan akurat tentang masalah yang diselidiki. Dalam prakteknya sistem CPA ada tiga pihak yang ikut andil, yaitu advertiser, Access Trade, dan publisher. Dalam hubungan hukumnya, terdapat dua hubungan dan masing-masing akad yaitu antara advertiser dengan publisher menggunakan akad ijarah dan publisher dengan Access Trade menggunakan akad ju’alah. Hasilnya adalah pelaksanaan sistem CPA di www.accesstrade.co.id ini tidak menyimpang dari hukum islam.Kata Kunci: Cost Per Action, Advertiser, Access Trade, Publisher dan Jua’alahABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the contract used in the CPA between the advertiser system, Access Trade, publisher and business practices to determine whether it meets the principles applied muamalah. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using field research, and if it refers to the subject matter and purpose of the study, the study includes a case study. Whereas in the collection of data using the script documentation and writers participating in this CPA program. Authors analyzed these data using descriptive analysis method is an effort to collect and compile the data, then analysis and interpretation of the data, in other words give a clear and accurate picture of the problem investigated. In practice the CPA system, there are three parties took part, namely the advertiser, Access Trade, and publisher. There are two relationships and each contract is between the advertiser and the publisher using Ijarah contract publisher with Access Trade using ju'alah contract. Te result shown tha the implementation of the CPA in www.accesstrade.co.id system does not violate the Islamic law.Keywords: Cost Per Action, Advertiser, Access Trade, publisher and Ju’alah
Tinjauan Fikih Muamalah Terhadap Penerapan Khiyar Dalam Transaksi E-Commerce
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah , Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: June 2020

The e-commerce transaction is a buying and selling instrument that uses electronic equipment primarily. Online buying and selling as well as traditional buying and selling ethics and norms that must be applied in order to create satisfaction and willingness that is by giving the right khiyar. This study uses library research method which uses theories about khiyar in e-commerce transactions through book literature, journals, related to khiyar in e-commerce transactions.The results of this study can be concluded that the practice of khiyar in e-commerce transactions has been implemented through the policy of the return of goods but not all khiyar can be applied in e-commerce transactions there are only three khiyar that can be applied that khiyar syarat , khiyar aib and khiyar ru'yah.
Analisis Kinerja Reksadana Syariah (Kategori Saham, Campuran Dan Pendapatan Tetap) Periode 2012-2017
Authors: Rizaldi Dikri , Setiawan Azis Budi , AB Muhammad Doddy
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja reksadana syariah kategori Saham, Campuran dan Pendapatan Tetap yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan yang ada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling yaitu dengan memilih sampel dengan kriteria tertentu. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis keuangan yaitu metode Sharpe. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa : (1) Kinerja Reksadana Syariah Saham yang memiliki kinerja paling baik tahum 2012 adalah TRIM Saham Syariah, tahun 2013 adalah Cipta Equity Syariah, tahun 2014 adalah PNM Ekuitas Syariah, tahun 2015 dan tahun 2016 adalah Manulife Sektoral Syariah Amanah dan tahun 2017 adalah Batavia Dana Saham Syariah. (2) Kinerja Reksadana Syariah Campuran yang memiliki kinerja paling baik tahun 2012 dan 2013 adalah SAM Syariah Berimbang, tahun 2014 TRIM Syariah Berimbang, tahun 2015 Schorder Syariah Balance Fund, tahun 2016 AAA Amanah Syariah Fund, tahun 2017 adalah TRIM Syariah Berimbang. (3) kinerja Reksadana Syariah Pendapatan tetap yang memiliki kinerja paling baik tahun 2012, 2013 dan 2014 adalah MNC Dana Syariah Sejahtera, tahun 2015 adalah I-Hajj Syariah Fund serta tahun 2016 dan 2017 adalah MNC Dana Syariah Sejahtera.
Strategi Pemasaran Produk Arrum BPKB Pada Pegadaian Syariah CPS Margonda
Authors: Syahidah Masitoh , Setiawan Azis Budi , Yani Endang Ahmad
Published: June 2020

This research is a quantitative research, which aims to know the marketing strategy that can be done by shariah pawnshops of ARRUM BPKB financing products. The population in this study is all employees associated with ARRUM products. While the sample used in this study is saturated samples. The type of data that the author uses is the primary and secondary data types. The method used to formulate strategies using SWOT Analysis. The results of this study indicate that the product ARRUM BPKB located in Quadrant I is in Progressive conditions. Under these conditions, the S-O strategy is the right one to apply. And based on the calculation of QSPM, the priority of strategy with the highest Value of Attractiveness (TAS) is the socialization of cheaper ujroh cost to UMKM in a more massive way.
Analysis Of Using Islamic Bank Social Media And Website In The E-Marketing Concept Using Attention, Interest, Search, Action, Share (AISAS) Methods
Authors: Safira Silmi , Muhammad Iqbal Fadli , Doddy Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the extent to which Islamic banks, especially sharia commercial banks, have used websites and social media in the concept of e-marketing. The scope of this research is 13 Islamic commercial banks. The method used is the AISAS method (Attention, Interest, Seacrh, Action, Share). The result is that from the 13 Islamic banks, the top 5 banks in utilizing websites and social media for e-marketing are: Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank BNI Syariah, Bank Muamalat, BRI Syariah Bank, and BJB Syariah Bank. implication of this study is that Islamic banking is better at maximizing the approach to the community by utilizing digital media to get the attention of customers or prospective customers. Because in modern times social media is something that is so important for people's lives.
The Effect Of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) On Earnings Management Practices In Islamic And Conventional Bank
Authors: Eriyanti Erika , Pratiwi Rianti , Doddy Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) to Earnings Management Practices in Islamic Bank and Conventional Bank.  Earnings management procedures are still regarded legal when they do not conflict with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), but when viewed from an Islamic perspective, particularly in Islamic business ethics and sharia management, earnings management practices are regarded to be incompatible with the principles contained in Islamic business ethics and sharia management.The data collection of this research uses documentation technique from financial reports of Islamic bank and conventional bank. The analytical method which is used in this study is panel data regression. This study found that the Non-Performing Financing (NPF) have a significant positive effect with Earnings Management. For the implication, investors and other financial statements customers are anticipated to be more cautious in evaluating financial statements. For business institutions, especially sharia business institutions, the principles of Islamic business ethics should always be instilled in carrying out their operations.
The Influence Of Investment Knowledge On The Interest Of Students Investing In Peer To Peer Lending Shariah
Authors: Doddy Muhammad , Millah Zahrotul
Published: June 2020

Peer to peer lending is an investment model that is developing in various countries, including Indonesia. This investment model has many advantages in terms of effectiveness so that it can make it easier for users to apply it. Moreover, peer to peer lending investment in Indonesia has a financing target for MSMEs so that this investment model can help finance in the microeconomic cycle. The convenience provided by the peer to peer lending investment model should be an attraction for people who are just starting investment such as students. Before investing, potential investors should have sufficient knowledge about investing in order to avoid the risk of failure that causes losses. This study aims to determine the effect of investment knowledge on the interests of STEI SEBI students investing peer to peer lending. The research method used is a quantitative mixture that is supported by qualitative data and data processed using SPSS ver. 23. The results of this study indicate that the T-test results of -0.200 and the significance value of 0.842. So it can be concluded that investment knowledge does not have a significant effect on students' interest in investing peer to peer lending. The results of the study are supported by data from interview results, which show that negative relationship results are not significant because one of them is theoretically not so influential if there is no its applicative science.
Revealing The Meaning Of Bai ’And Tijarah In Al-Qur'an (Interpretation Of Economic Verses)
Authors: Ikhwanuddin Farid , Hidayat Roni
Published: June 2020

One form of economic activity carried out by humans is trade. It can be said that trade is the oldest activity carried out by humans in fulfilling their daily needs. Mecca at that time was a major international trade and shopping center, and Islam was born in the militia of Mecca trade. Once the Islamic attachment to trading activities, many narratives of the verses of the Qur'an seemed to be directed at the merchants. Qur'an was first addressed to the merchants reflected in the language and ideas". More specifically, disclosure of trade in the Qur'an can be found through lafadz bai 'and tijarah. In the following article a thematic review of lafadz bai 'and tijarah and its derivatives is presented, which is analyzed using the Makkiyyah and Madaniyyah studied tematic. In the Qur'an the verses which reveal lafaz bai 'in various variations are contained in eleven verses scattered in different letters, while the Disclosure of lafadz tijarah in the verses of the Qur'an is mentioned eight times in seven letters. The form of disclosure of the Lafadz is entirely the same in the form of mashdar (تجارة).
Molecular Epidemiological Information System to Support Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thailand
Authors: Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Disratthakit Areeya , Thawong Penpitcha , Paiboonsiri Pundharika
Published: June 2020

Objective: To support the End TB strategy with an informatics system that integrates genomic data and the geographic information system (GIS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) clinical isolates. The priority of the information system is to control multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods: System requirements were clarified using an exploratory approach. A data value chain was applied for system prototyping. Role-based access control was adopted for system permission management. MDR-TB isolates were collected from Kanchanburi Province, Thailand, from 2013–2017. Genotyping information of the isolated MDR-TB strains was obtained from whole genome sequencing analysis. Spatiotemporal analysis using SaTScan™ version 9.6 was performed to identify significant high rate spatial MDR-TB clusters or hotspots of MDR-TB transmission.Results: The iMoji system architecture was established. The data entry modules consisted of (1) patient registration, (2) sample registration, (3) laboratory data entry and data analysis, and (4) verification and approval of the analyzed data. An integrative analysis of the MDR-TB genotype and geospatial data provided information for the MDR-TB cluster analysis. An MDR-TB transmission hotspot was identified with the log-likelihood ratio of 14.44 (P value < 0.001). Temporal analysis suggested that transmission occurred more frequently between 12/1/2014 to 2/28/2017.Conclusion: Our findings provide a proof of concept for integrating genomic data from MDR-TB and corresponding spatiotemporal information to guide public health interventions for tuberculosis control.
Structure of Government Support and Sustainability of SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Rulangaranga Donatus Mugisha , Basemera Mellan , Vilard Ndi Isoh Alain
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to establish whether structure of government support has any association or influence onto sustainability of SMEs in Uganda. The focus was to ascertain whether there is a link between how government provides support to SMEs and sustainability of these SMEs. A maximum sample size of 384 SMEs was selected. Questionnaire approach was used to collect data from the owners and or managers of SMEs. Based on factor analysis, two components of structure of government support were established namely; quality of structure of government support and extent of policy implementation. To test the association of the variables, correlation analysis was carried out. The results from this analysis indicated that both components of structure of government support had significant association with SME sustainability in Uganda. Quality of structure however, had higher degree of association as compared to extent of policy implementation. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was carried out to check the degree of influence of structure of government support onto SME sustainability. The results indicated that both components of structure of government support have influence onto SME sustainability. Based on this, it was concluded that structure of government support has a significant association with and influence onto SME sustainability in Uganda. It was therefore recommended that there was need for government support towards SMEs to be properly structured in order to realize SME sustainability. The structuring needs to take into consideration the quality of the structure as well as extent to which SME policy is implemented.
Object marking in German Sign Language (Deutsche Gebärdensprache): Differential object marking and object shift in the visual modality
Authors: Bross Fabian
Published: June 2020

This article discusses differential object marking and object shift in German Sign Language (DGS). Although there is already some literature discussing the existence of differential object marking in sign languages, this article provides the first in-depth description of the phenomenon in a visual language. It will be shown that the sign PAM, previously categorized as an agreement auxiliary, is in fact a differential object marker with adposition-like properties—at least in the Southern variant of DGS with which this article is concerned. Additionally, it will be shown that definite objects move into a structurally higher position in DGS. This behavior is well-known from spoken languages, but is not well-documented for sign languages.
¿Abriendo la caja de Pandora? El interés legítimo en la reforma a la Ley 19.628, sobre protección de la vida privada
Authors: Contreras Vásquez Pablo , Trigo Kramcsák Pablo
Published: June 2020

El texto examina la inclusión del interés legítimo en la reforma a la legislación sobre protección de datos personales en Chile. Primero, describe los elementos básicos del interés legítimo como base de licitud para el tratamiento de datos personales. Luego, revisa cómo el proyecto de ley que reforma la Ley 19.628, Sobre Protección de la Vida Privada, busca incluir el interés legítimo. A partir de ello, se analizan cuatros factores relevantes que deben ser atendidos en la reforma de la ley, con el objeto de converger con los estándares internacionales en materia de interés legítimo. El texto concluye con recomendaciones para la regulación del interés legítimo en la tramitación legislativa de la reforma a la Ley 19.628.
Malaysian Public Sector Ethical Stimulants
Authors: Abdullah Azizah , Mohamed Norazamina , Yaacob Najihah Marha , Ahmad Suraya
Published: June 2020

Public becomes inquisitive about the role of public sector in mitigating fraud, corruption and corporate misconduct. Downe, Cowell, & Morgan, (2016) suggest that public sector agencies with highly ethical leaders and proper guidelines not only be able to prevent unethical behaviour but also improve its productivity and services performances. This research is conducted with the objective to identify ethical stimulants in Malaysian public sector agencies. In addition, it aims to determine the five ethical stimulants. Agency members’ viewpoints were obtained using quantitative survey-based questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis suggests five ethical stimulants which include ethical leadership, ethical employees, spiritual encouragement, spirituality acceptance, and ethical guidelines.
Application of a Three-Segment E-learning Mode in Diagnostics Course Based on Rain Classroom
Authors: Huang Si-min , Yang Jing , Lu Chun-ting , Xu Peng , Guo Jun , Liu Sheng-ming
Published: June 2020

Changes in the educational situation and characteristics of students are posing challenges to modern education. Exploring teaching modes suitable for today’s college students become an important topic. In this study, a new teaching mode of three-segment (pre-, in- and post-class) based on the Rain Classroom e-learning platform was introduced into the processes of teaching Diagnostics Course for students in grade 2015 majoring in clinical medicine. The research were conducted by three-segment including that the teacher shared the pre-class learning materials with students before class, while real-time communication and timely feedback on teaching efficiency in class, and at last homework assignments were shared and still tracked the students, learning after class. The results of the new teaching mode were assessed mainly through the whole teaching and learning performance, final examinations and questionnaires as well. Compared with students in grade 2014 clinical medicine major who were adopted the traditional teaching mode, students in grade 2015 had a significantly higher pass-rate, and the percentage of high-score on the final exam was also higher. In questionnaires, students in grade 2015 generally recognized that the new teaching mode was conducive to improving learning outcomes. In conclusion, the investigation and application of the Rain Classroom platform-based new teaching mode of Diagnostics was a successful trial. This new teaching mode can significantly improve teacher-student interaction; help teachers track students’ learning outcomes throughout the teaching process and effectively regulate the teaching strategies. Fundamentally, it can improve students, learning interest, promote active learning and enhance academic performance among students.
Assessment of Ph.D Supervisors Role Performance in Educational Management Research for Sucessful Completion Rates in Universities of North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Badau Kabiru Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Changes in the funding and delivery of Ph.D educational management programmes at the university level, in recent years has resulted to significant changes in the role performance of Ph.D supervisors for successful completion rates. This paper assessed the role performance of supervisors of Ph.D in education management research. The purpose of the study was to specifically determine the role performance of Ph.D supervisors in formulation of the study, establishing the methods of study, discussing the results, presentation of seminars and conferences, publication of journal articles and writing of the dissertation in universities of North Eastern Nigeria. Six research questions guided the study. A sample size of 180 comprising of 80 Ph.D supervisors and 100 Ph.D students was utilized for the study. Data was collected using a researcher developed instrument from the six variables of Ph.D supervisor’s role performance. The findings of the study show that Ph.D supervisors role performance in formulating the study, establishing the methods of study, discussing the results, presentation of seminars and conferences, publication of journal articles, writing of dissertation and general role performance was high. The study concluded that Ph.D supervisors performed their general role performance in all the stages of supervision for timely and successful completion rates in education management research. The study recommended assessment of the student’s role performance for successful and timely Ph.D educational management research completion rates in North Eastern Nigeria.
Education of First Grade Pupils in Protection Topics in the Czech Republic – Central Europ
Authors: Stárek Lukas , Klugerová Jarmila
Published: June 2020

Each of us in our lives will face emergencies, whether a fire, accident, traffic collision or natural disaster, and it is crucial that we know how to recognise them and how to adequately react. The text presents the knowledge level in protection and safety among first to third grade primary school pupils living in socioeconomically marginalised localities, in Central Europ – specifically in the Czech Republic. Education of children and pupils in areas of ppilation protection is becoming the number on topic. The challenge is to alert and motivate teachers to continue with topics that develop not only knowledge but also the perception of the outside world and the awareness of threats and dangers that may affect the development of the child or pupil. The findings are the outcome from the project weeks implemented over two years and yielding interesting findings that formed the basis of practical recommendations.
Investigation of The Attitudes of University Students at Different Departments Against Cooperative Learning
Authors: Kartal Alpaslan
Published: June 2020

Cooperative learning is a kind of teaching method, which includes students working together in projects. The teacher has to provide a cooperative situation that creates interdependence among the students. It consists of five different elements. These are positive interdependence, individual accountability, face to face interaction, interpersonal- small groups, social skills, and group processing. This study is aimed to investigate the attitudes of university students studying in different departments towards cooperative learning. Thus, the current situation is described with the analysis of the data obtained from the applied scales. The research is descriptive. The group of the research consists of students studying in different departments of Bozok University in Yozgat. For the research, the data collected and processed into the data coding form. Then, statistical analysis was applied to the data transferred to SPSS 24.0 Packet program. There is no statistically significant difference found between genders. There was a statistically significant difference in the attitude scores towards cooperative learning between the ages, the departments, and the grades. Cooperative learning is a more suitable method for students in the classes and develops learners' attitudes. Institutes are encouraged for positive collaboration involvement among students who will be connected in groups within the work environment in the long term.
Does Higher Percentages of Women With Higher Education Within District Impacts Individuals Use of Contraception in Uttar Pradesh?
Authors: Sharma Richa , Pandey Ajay
Published: June 2020

Uttar Pradesh in India is high fertility state which contributes maximum to India’s population growth. The use of family planning method is amongst the lowest in the State and has witnessed a decline during the two consecutive National Family Health Survey (NFHS) period of round 3 & 4. The use of any methods of contraception declined from 56.3% in 2005-06 to 53.5 % in 2015-16. A decline of 2.8 percent points in-spite of all the programmatic push. Similarly, the use of any modern contraceptive methods declined from 48.5% to 47.8% during this period. This decline in the use of contraception necessitates revisiting determinants of contraceptive use at the district (group) level. The availability of district level data from NFHS-4 makes it possible to estimate between district variations in contraceptive use in UP. The Intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.1528 reveals that 15.28 percent of the variation in contraceptive use is due to between district differences in Uttar Pradesh while 84.72 percent variation is due to within district individual differences. At individual level younger age, higher parity, Hindu religion, educated secondary or higher school levels and those belonging to higher SES other than poor quintile have significant higher odds of contraceptive use. At district (group) level, the higher percentages of women educated higher school levels within district significantly determines the use of contraception in Uttar Pradesh.
The Impact of Monetary Inflation on Investment Decisions in Jordanian Industrial Companies
Authors: Abu Orabi Marwan Mohamed
Published: June 2020

It's a paper that studying money inflation that is an associated with the investment process and is noted to almost affect both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and domestic direct investment (DDI)simultaneously. Industrial development issues are often related to investment process in Jordan. The study highlights how financial inflation affects decisions of investment of most industrial companies in Jordan. Through this study future studies will be conducted with the conceptual structure of investment decisions through monetary inflation as a shape of capital, commodities, and import inflation in Jordanian industrial companies. To acquire the important information that helped to justify the study hypothesis, a question. To confirm the direct investment decisions and inflation relationship, Pearson's Correlation Test formula was used in this analysis. The entire results found: the lowest coefficient was in the overall correlation coefficient for imported inflation and the reserved variables. It was noted that when other variables decrease, the rising in most imported inflation might be compensated. In other hand, the remaining variables' correlation coefficient had a positive value.
The U.S. policy towards Indo-Pacific region and Mongolia-U.S. strategic partnership
Authors: Dashnyam Zolboo , Luguusharav Byambakhand
Published: June 2020

Mongolia’s security primarily depends on how the country develops respective bilateral relations with its neighbors and great powers including the United States. In this sense, it is important to examine U.S. foreign policy, in particular, its Asia policy as well as interests pursued by Washington while promoting bilateral relations with Mongolia, as the nexus between those parties should be considered in foreign policymaking of Mongolia. On the other hand, relations with Mongolia has been a part of U.S. policy towards the Asia-Pacific region. However, under the leadership of President Trump, the U.S. administration re-defined its policy towards the region by replacing Asia-Pacific with the label of Indo-Pacific. Only two years later since Mongolia and the United States marked the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations, the two countries elevated their ties to a strategic partnership in 2019. In this article, the authors seek to explain what is the Indo-Pacific partnership and express their views.

Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн бүс дэх АНУ-ын гадаад бодлого ба Монгол Улс, АНУ-ын стратегийн түншлэл  

Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын аюулгүй байдалд эерэг, сөрөг нөлөө бүхий байдал үүсэх нь хоёр хөрш болон АНУ-тай харилцаагаа хэрхэн төлөвшүүлэх, тэдгээрийн ашиг сонирхлын шүтэлцээнд хэрхэн оролцохоос хамаарна. Иймээс Америкийн гадаад бодлого, харилцаа холбоог судлах нь түүний Азид явуулж буй бодлого, түүний дотор Монголтой харилцаж буй ашиг сонирхлын уялдааг судлах, улмаар Монгол Улсын АНУ-тай харилцах бодлогыг тодорхойлоход чухал. Нөгөө талаар, Монгол Улстай харилцах нь АНУ-ын Ази, Номхон далайн бүс нутагт чиглэсэн бодлогын нэг хэсэг байсаар ирсэн. Ерөнхийлөгч Д.Трампын засаг захиргаа дээр дурдсан бүс нутгийн нэршил, ойлголтыг өөрчлөн энэ бүс нутагт чиглэсэн бодлогоо Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги хэмээн тодорхойлох болов. 1987 онд дипломат харилцаа тогтоон, гурван жилийн өмнө дипломат харилцаа тогтоосны 30 жилийн ойг өргөн хүрээнд тэмдэглэсэн Монгол-АНУ-ын харилцаа 2019 онд шат ахин “Стратегийн түншлэл” болон хэлбэржлээ. Энэхүү өгүүллийн эхний хэсэгт АНУ-ын дэвшүүлсэн Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги гэгч юу болох, энэхүү стратегийн хүрээнд Монгол-АНУ харилцааны онцлог байдлын талаар судлаачийн байр сууриа илэрхийлэв.

Түлхүүр үгс:  АНУ, Энэтхэг-Номхон далай, Монгол Улс, гуравдагч хөршийн бодлого, стратегийн түншлэл
Mongolian-Russian political relations :
Authors: Adiya Nyamdoljin
Published: June 2020

The author has been studied modern Mongolian-Russian political relations since the beginning of the 1990s when the world political situation changed dramatically and the Soviet Union collapsed. Mongolian-Russian relations during the transition to democracy and market economy were analyzed on the basis of agreements between two countries. The weakening of Mongolian-Russian relations in the 1990s is a step-by-step analysis of the political and economic situation in the two countries, the processes and changes in foreign policy, and the factors that hindered the proper development of relations. The author traces the revival of Mongolian-Russian relations in 2000 and the relationship between the two countries, which has reached the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership, does not reflect the level of Russia's policy towards Mongolia.

Монгол-Оросын улс төрийн харилцаа: Монголын эдийн засаг ба төмөр замын хөгжилд нөлөөлөх нь

Хураангуй: Монгол-Оросын орчин цагийн улс төрийн харилцааг дэлхийн улс төрийн байдалд гарсан огцом өөрчлөлт болон ЗХУ задарсан XX зууны 90-ээд оны эхэн үеэс эхлэн судалж,  ардчилал, зах зээлийн эдийн засагт шилжих шилжилтийн үед Монгол-Оросын харилцааг хоёр орны хооронд байгуулагдсан гэрээ, хэлэлцээрийг үндэслэн судлан шинжиллээ. 90-ээд онуудад Монгол-Оросын  харилцаа сулран саарсан асуудлыг хоёр орны улс төр, эдийн засгийн байдал, гадаад бодлогод холбогдох үйл явц, өөрчлөлтийг үе шаттайгаар задлан үзэж, харилцааг зохих түвшинд хөгжүүлэхэд саад болсон хүчин зүйлүүдийг илрүүлэн судалсан болно. Монгол-Оросын харилцаа сэргэсэн үеийг 2000 оноор зааглан авч үзэж, эдүгээ иж бүрэн стратегийн түншлэлийн түвшинд хүрээд байгаа хоёр орны харилцаа, тус түвшинг илэрхийлэх хэмжээнд хүрэхгүй байгааг ОХУ-ын Монголын талаарх баримталж ирсэн бодлого хэр оновчтой байсан ба алдаа нь юунд байсныг судлахыг зорив.

Түлхүүр үгс: Монгол, Оросын харилцаа, улс төр, эдийн засгийн харилцаа, ашиг сонирхол
Research on strengthening people-to-people ties between Mongolia and Inner Mongolia through tourism
Authors: Yanli Mao
Published: June 2020

It’s widely known that there exist diversities and common ground in cultural identification between China and Mongolia. In recent years, Inner Mongolia serves as a bridge for promoting cultural exchanges between two sides. Hence, a series of diversified relevant activities have been implemented in education, medicine, tourism, arts etc., of which tourism is a key area. Accordingly, this paper researches on the current situation of bilateral travel between two sides through questionnaire survey, case analysis and correlative references, discovering existing problems and offering countermeasures and suggestions. The research aims to build a tourism cooperation environment between two sides in an approachable and reasonable way to meet the demands of tourists from two countries. Meanwhile, promoting exchanges, co-construction, communication and mutual trust in order to further strengthen people-to-people ties between two sides. Thus, solid public support for development and cooperation between China and Mongolia will be achieved.

Аялал жуулчлалаар дамжуулан Монгол Улс болон Өвөр Монголын иргэдийн ойлголцлыг гүнзгийрүүлэх тухайд

Хураангуй: Монгол, Хятадын соёл нь танин мэдэхүйн хүрээнд ялгаатай ба нийтлэг шинжтэйг бид бүхэн мэднэ. Өвөр Монголын Өөртөө Засах Орон /ӨМӨЗО/ нь Хятад, Монголын соёлын солилцоонд гүүр болох үүднээс сүүлийн жилүүдэд Монгол Улстай боловсрол, эмчилгээ, аялал жуулчлал, урлаг уран сайхан зэрэг соёлын солилцооны олон чиглэлээр хамтран ажиллаж байгаа бөгөөд үүнээс аялал жуулчлалын хамтын ажиллагаа гол чиглэл болно. Иймээс энэ өгүүлэлдээ санал асуулга, кейс судалгаа, холбогдох ном зохиолыг уншиж судлах аргыг хэрэглэн Монгол Улс болон Өвөр Монголын ард иргэдийн харилцан зорчин аялж байгаа өнөөгийн нөхцөл байдлаас тодорхой ойлголт авч, оршин буй асуудлуудыг судалж, цаашид хэрэгжүүлэх холбогдох арга хэмжээг санал болгож байна. Монгол Улс болон Өвөр Монголын хооронд аялал жуулчлалын хамтын ажиллагааны орчныг эвтэй найртай, зохистой аргаар бий болгосноор жирийн иргэдийн харилцан зорчих эрэлт хэрэгцээг бодитоор хангаж, аялал жуулчлалын хамтын ажиллагаагаар хоёр талын иргэд хоорондын харилцааг ахиулах, харилцан итгэлцлийг дэмжиж, эцэст нь хоёр орны жирийн ард иргэдийн ойлголцлыг буй болгохыг зорьсон болно. Чингэснээр Монгол, Хятад хоёр орны хамтын ажиллагааг хөгжүүлэх нийгэм олон нийтийн хүсэл сонирхлын бат бөх суурийг тавьж өгөх юм.

Түлхүүр үгс: Монгол Улс, Өвөр Монгол иргэд хоорондын харилцан аялах хүсэл сонирхол
Science diplomacy within the Russian-Chinese-Mongolian cooperation at the present time
Authors: Vladimirovna Boykova Elena , D Tuul
Published: June 2020

Science diplomacy is an increasingly important component of the trilateral partnership complex among China, Mongolia and Russia at the present time. Being a form of public diplomacy, it serves as a means of promoting and protecting national interests of the states that are the parties of the “China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor” project. Diplomacy of scholars of the three countries is a promising format for international contacts with potential impact on international relations, particularly in Northeast Asia. Science diplomacy allows to expand the circle of non-state actors that are representatives of Russia, China and Mongolia, thereby increasing the number of participants of international relations. Scholars of the three countries have accumulated considerable experience of bilateral cooperation in various fields, which suggests that there are favorable prospects for expansion of tripartite contacts among them. Interaction of scholars of the three countries is a form of public diplomacy, in the frames of which the participants of the process combine functions of academic and public figures.

Орчин үеийн Орос-Хятад-Монгол гурван улсын хамтын ажиллагааны хүрээн дэх шинжлэх ухааны салбарын  дипломат харилцаа

Хураангуй: Шинжлэх ухааны салбарын дипломат харилцаа нь орчин үеийн Хятад, Монгол, Орос гурван талын түншлэлийн нэг цогц чухал бүрэлдэхүүн хэсэг юм. Гурван улсын эрдэмтдийн дипломат харилцаа нь улсуудын хоорондоо холбоо тогтоох ирээдүйтэй хэлбэр бөгөөд олон улсын харилцаанд, түүнчлэн, Зүүн хойд Азид эрдэмтдийн хамтын ажиллагааны үзүүлэх үйлчлэл, нөлөө багагүй нөөц бололцоотой билээ. Шинжлэх ухааны салбарын дипломат харилцаа нь Орос, Хятад, Монгол гурван улсын төлөөлөгч - төрийн бус оролцогчдын хүрээг тэлж өгч, улмаар олон улсын харилцаанд оролцогчдын тоог нэмэгдүүлдэг. Гурван улсын эрдэмтэд төрөл бүрийн салбарт хоёр талын хамтын ажиллагааг хөгжүүлж, ихээхэн туршлага хуримтлуулсан нь цаашид өөр хоорондоо гурван талын холбоо харилцааг өргөтгөхөд таатай нөхцөл бүрдэх тухай яриа өрнүүлэх боломжийг бүрдүүлж байна. Гурван улсын эрдэмтдийн хамтын ажиллагаа нь олон нийтийн дипломат харилцааны нэг хэлбэр бөгөөд энэ харилцааны хүрээнд явагддаг үйл ажиллагаанд оролцогчид шинжлэх ухааны болон олон нийтийн салбарт хийгдэх ажлуудыг өөрсдийн хүрээнд хамруулаад явдаг.

Түлхүүр үгc: шинжлэх ухааны салбарын дипломат харилцаа, Хятад-Монгол-Орос гурван улсын эдийн засгийн коридор, гурван талын харилцан хамтын ажиллагаа, олон нийтийн дипломат харилцаа, Зүүн Хойд Азийн олон улсын харилцаа
Teaching Spanish in the United States in the digital age: Strategies and approaches on teaching Spanish in online and hybrid classes
Authors: She Liane , Sears Eli
Published: June 2020

Virtual technologies are omnipresent in everyday life and are becoming essential to either online, or hybrid classes. In higher education institutions in the United States, virtual platforms are in-creasingly used for teaching Spanish as a foreign language to students from varying back-grounds. As such, this article proposes an approach to teaching grammar in virtual spaces, that takes into account the communicative goals established in a given syllabus. The methods and strategies we propose offer an attractive language course that allows students to remotely learn and practice a language. As Spanish professors who teach beginning to intermediate level stu-dents, we will share our strategies for teaching grammar using concrete examples from our clas-ses. We will also present data that show some measures of efficiency to teach Spanish grammar in a virtual setting.
Review. Teaching of National Languages in V4 Countries, edited by Marek Pieniążek and Stanislav Štěpáník, 2016
Authors: Hurytová Ivana
Published: June 2020

Review. Teaching of National Languages in V4 Countries, edited by Marek Pieniążek and Stanislav Štěpáník, 2016Praha, Faculty of Education of Charles University, 177 pp., http://hdl.handle.net/11716/1265 ISBN: 978-80-7290-926-1
Evaluating Mustard Seed Meal for Weed Suppression in Borage (Borago officinalis L.) Cultivation
Authors: Borowy Andrzej , Kapłan Magdalena
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was carried out in Felin Experimental Farm (2019) in Lublin region (Poland) in order to determine the effect of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seed meal (MSM) on weed density as well as on borage plant growth and yield under field cultivation. MSM scattered on soil surface at rates of 2 and 3 t ha−1 when weeds emerged and a day before emergence of borage did not affect the number of borage seedlings but caused transient growth stunting and chlorosis of cotyledons and first leaves. However, final plant height, yield of above-ground parts, mericarp dimensions and weight, content of oil in mericarps, and oil composition were not significantly affected by MSM treatment. At harvest, MSM had decomposed completely, supplying considerable amounts of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium to the soil, but did not affect its pH or organic matter content. MSM suppressed weed density by 37%–46% during the period of highest sensivity of borage to weed competition. Among dominant weeds occurring in the experiment, Gnaphalium uliginosum and Stellaria media were the most susceptible to MSM, while Amaranthus retroflexus and Galinsoga ciliata were mildly susceptible, Echinochloa cruss-galli and Poa annua were less susceptible, and the least susceptible species was Capsella bursa-pastoris. Obtained results show that MSM may have value for early season weed suppression in borage cultivation.
Physical culture with a pandemic in the background (subjective feelings)
Authors: Węglarz Józef
Published: June 2020

When a threat to a person’s health and life has arisen, all forces are focused on ensuring their health security. Other areas of human activity were reduced or suspended. This also applies to behaviors related to participation in a physical culture which, although it belongs to the field of medical and health sciences, cannot fulfill its offer. It is questionable whether it is rightly assigned to this group.
REINVENTING THE V&A MUSEUM OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: Charman Helen
Published: June 2020

In 2018 the Victoria and Albert Museum
launched a capital project to transform the Museum of
Childhood from a museum of the social and material history
of childhood to a powerhouse of creativity for the
young. This paper therefore takes the reinvention of the
MoC as a case study to explore the process of change
and the key drivers for inculcating and realising the transformed
museum. In particular, the process of co-design
with and for young people is considered as a mechanism
for change in creating future facing museums that speak
to the needs of young people in a rapidly changing and
complex world.
Experimental determination of indoor air concentration of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/ 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT) emitted by the use of humidifier disinfectant
Authors: Park Seon-Kyung , Seol Hwi-Soo , Park Hee-Jin , Kim Yoon-Seob , Ryu Seung-Hun , Kim Jaehoon , Kim Suejin , Lee Jong-Hyeon , Kwon Jung-Hwan
Published: June 2020

A mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one/2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT/MIT) had been used as an active ingredient in humidifier disinfectants (HDs). Owing to its high reactivity, the atmospheric concentration of CMIT/MIT, following its use in HD, would be lower than expected assuming that it is removed by ventilation only. In order to evaluate the exposure concentration of CMIT/MIT used as an HD, room-scale chamber studies were conducted under plausible use of three different HD doses at air change rates (ACR) of 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 h-1. Atmospheric CMIT/MIT was sampled using two serial impingers containing deionized water after the attainment of steady state. Water samples in which CMIT/MIT was dissolved were concentrated using a cosolvent evaporation method with efficiencies of 35.5 and 77.9% for CMIT and MIT, respectively. The estimated air concentration, assuming that all the CMIT/MIT is absorbed in deionized water, increased linearly with increasing emission rate, but was independent of the ACR. This indicates that the removal rate of CMIT/MIT via chemical reactions is more than the removal rate by ventilation. Further investigations on homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions of CMIT/MIT under ambient conditions are necessary to understand the actual exposure concentration of the mixture in HD.
Bacterial remediation of heavy metal polluted soil and effluent from paper mill industry
Authors: Nwaehiri Uloma Linda , Akwukwaegbu Peter Ikechukwu , Bright Nwoke Bertram Ekejiuba
Published: June 2020

Bacterial remediation of heavy metal polluted soil and effluent from paper mill was investigated using standard analytical methods. The paper mill was visited for 6 months at interval of 30 days to collect soil and effluent samples for the analysis. The pH of soil was slightly alkaline while effluent was acidic. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in total organic carbon (TOC) of soil; and turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TOC of effluent when compared to control. Bacteria isolated from the samples were grouped into two and used to remediate eight heavy metals. The remediation experiment consists of three treatments; Treatment 1 (treated with proteobacteria), Treatment 2 (treated with non-proteobacteria) and Treatment 3 (without bacteria) (control experiment). Result of the remediation study showed that there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 of all the heavy metals in soil and effluent samples from day 30-180 when compared to day 0. The rate of removal of heavy metals in soil was highest in Treatment 1 for chromium (Cr; 0.00846 day-1) and lowest in Treatment 1 for cadmium (Cd; 0.00403 day-1) while the rate of removal in effluent was highest in Treatment 1 for zinc (Zn; 0.01207 day-1) and lowest in Treatment 1 for Cd (0.00391 day-1). It was concluded that bacteria isolated from soil and effluent samples were capable of remediating the concentration of Pb, arsenic (As), Cr, Zn and nickel (Ni) heavy metals.
Die thüringische Landtagswahl vom 27. Oktober 2019: Das nächste Experiment – eine rot-rot-grüne Minderheitsregierung mit Verfallsdatum
Authors: Oppelland Torsten
Published: June 2020

After a campaign, which was both polarized and poor in content, the state election failed to produce a clear majority in the Landtag . The winners of the election were The Left and the AfD, while the parties of the right and left center suffered losses; only the FDP gained a little and managed to pass the five percent threshold . The election outcome deemed it unlikely that a government could be formed since neither the previous red-red-green coalition nor a CDU-FDP coalition had a majority . As coalitions transcending the traditional coalition blocks or any agreements for the toleration of a minority government could not be reached either, the consequence was that in February 2020, the Thuringian FDP leader Thomas Kemmerich was elected state premier in the third ballot with votes from the FDP, CDU, and AfD . Of the latter party not a single member voted for their own candidate . The outrage in the general public led to FDP’s federal party leader Patrick Lindner to force Kemmerich to resign on the day after his election . Only then, during the „interregnum“ that followed, were CDU and the former coalition parties The Left, SPD, and Greens able to agree on a „stability mechanism“ which allowed Bodo Ramelow to be reelected as a state premier of a minority government, which is meant to stay in office for only a little more than one year .