bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People Experience Different Emotions from Melancholic and Grieving Music
Authors: Warrenburg Lindsay A.
Published: December 2020

Two behavioral studies are reported that ask whether listeners experience different emotions in response to melancholic and grieving musical passages. In the first study, listeners were asked to rate the extent that musical passages made them feel positive and negative, as well as to identify which emotion(s) they felt from a list of 24 emotions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that listeners experience different emotions when listening to melancholic and grieving music. The second study asked listeners to spontaneously describe their emotional states while listening to music. Content analysis was conducted in order to find any underlying dimensions of the identified responses. The analysis replicated the finding that melancholic and grieving music led to different feelings states, with melancholic music leading to feelings of Sad/Melancholy/Depressed, Reflective/Nostalgic, Rain/Dreary Weather, and Relaxed/Calm, while grieving music led to feelings of Anticipation/Uneasy, Tension/Intensity, Crying/Distraught/Turmoil, Death/Loss, and Epic/Dramatic/Cinematic.
A highly hydrated variety of elpidite from the Khibiny alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Turchkova Anna G. , Larikova Tatiana S. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: December 2020

An unusual highly hydrated and Na-depleted variety of elpidite was identified in a hydrothermally altered peralkaline pegmatite at Mt. Yukspor in the Khibiny alkaline complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It differs from ‘ordinary’ elpidite, ideally Na2ZrSi6O15⋅3H2O, in its crystal chemical features, infrared spectrum and optical characteristics. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe, H2O by TGA) is: Na2O 5.45, K2O 0.67, CaO 0.05, SiO2 60.32, TiO2 1.34, ZrO2 18.43, Nb2O5 0.65, H2O 12.80, total 99.71. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 6 Si and 15 O atoms is [(Na1.05K0.08Ca0.01)Σ1.14(H3O)0.74]Σ1.88(Zr0.89Ti0.10Nb0.03)Σ1.02Si6O15⋅3.47H2O; the H2O:H3O ratio was calculated from the charge balance requirement, taking into account the results of crystal structure refinement. The highly hydrated variety of elpidite is orthorhombic, Pma2, a = 14.5916(6), b = 7.3294(3), c = 7.1387(2) Å, V = 763.47(5) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, R1 = 3.43%. The structure is based upon an elpidite-type heteropolyhedral Zr–Si–O framework with Na+ and H3O+ cations and H2O molecules in the zeolitic channels. Hydronium cations substitute for water molecules in one of the extra-framework sites. This variety of elpidite could be considered as an intermediate product of natural ion-exchange reaction between ‘ordinary’ elpidite and a low-temperature hydrothermal fluid.
Predicting Long non-coding RNAs through feature ensemble learning
Authors: Xu Yanzhen , Zhao Xiaohan , Liu Shuai , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2020

Background

Many transcripts have been generated due to the development of sequencing technologies, and lncRNA is an important type of transcript. Predicting lncRNAs from transcripts is a challenging and important task. Traditional experimental lncRNA prediction methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Efficient computational methods for lncRNA prediction are in demand.

Results

In this paper, we propose two lncRNA prediction methods based on feature ensemble learning strategies named LncPred-IEL and LncPred-ANEL. Specifically, we encode sequences into six different types of features including transcript-specified features and general sequence-derived features. Then we consider two feature ensemble strategies to utilize and integrate the information in different feature types, the iterative ensemble learning (IEL) and the attention network ensemble learning (ANEL). IEL employs a supervised iterative way to ensemble base predictors built on six different types of features. ANEL introduces an attention mechanism-based deep learning model to ensemble features by adaptively learning the weight of individual feature types. Experiments demonstrate that both LncPred-IEL and LncPred-ANEL can effectively separate lncRNAs and other transcripts in feature space. Moreover, comparison experiments demonstrate that LncPred-IEL and LncPred-ANEL outperform several state-of-the-art methods when evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. Both methods have good performances in cross-species lncRNA prediction.

Conclusions

LncPred-IEL and LncPred-ANEL are promising lncRNA prediction tools that can effectively utilize and integrate the information in different types of features.
Retraction Note: Dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute non- cardio embolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, an efficacy and safety analysis - updated meta-analysis
Authors: Albay Christessa Emille Que , Leyson Frederick Gavril D. , Cheng Federick C.
Published: December 2020

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-02025-3
MiR-4310 induced by SP1 targets PTEN to promote glioma progression
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Luo Jie , Huang Tengyue , Yi Renhui , Ding Shengfeng , Xie Cheng , Xu An’qi , Zeng Yu , Wang Xizhao , Song Ye , Shi Xiaofeng , Long Hao
Published: December 2020

Background

miRNAs have been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes of gliomas. Here, we aimed to analyze miR-4310 and its correlation genes involved in the progression of human glioma.

Methods

miR-4310 expression levels were examined in glioma and non-tumor brain (NB) tissues. The molecular mechanisms of miR-4310 expression and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were explored using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, Transwell chamber, Boyden chamber, and western blot analyses, as well as its effect on tumorigenesis was explored in vivo in nude mice. The relationships between miR-4310, SP1, phosphatase, and tensin homolog (PTEN) were explored using chromatin immunoprecipitation, agarose gel electrophoresis, electrophoresis mobility shift, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays.

Results

miR-4310 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues compared to that in NB tissues. Overexpressed miR-4310 promoted glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis in vivo. The inhibition of miR-4310 expression was sufficient to reverse these results. Mechanistic analyses revealed that miR-4310 promoted glioma progression through the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting PTEN. Additionally, SP1 induced the expression of miR-4310 by binding to its promoter region.

Conclusion

miR-4310 promotes the progression of glioma by targeting PTEN and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway; meanwhile, the expression of miR-4310 was induced by SP1.
LncRNA ST7-AS1, by regulating miR-181b-5p/KPNA4 axis, promotes the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Rong-Hang , Zhang Zi-Teng , Wei Hai-Xiang , Ning Lu , Ai Jiang-Shan , Li Wen-Hui , Zhang Heng , Wang Shao-Qiang
Published: December 2020

Background

Growing evidence suggests that suppressor of tumorigenicity 7 antisense RNA 1 (ST7-AS1) is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, little is known on its clinical significance, biological functions, or molecular mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

The expression of ST7-AS1 and miR-181b-5p were examined by qRT-PCR. The correlations between ST7-AS1 level and different clinicopathological features were analysed. In vitro, LUAD cells were examined for cell viability, migration and invasion by MTT, wound healing and Transwell assay, respectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers were detected by Western blot. The regulations between ST7-AS1, miR-181b-5p, and KPNA4 were examined by luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown. Both gain- and loss-of-function strategies were used to assess the importance of different signalling molecules in malignant phenotypes of LUAD cells. The in vivo effect was analysed using the xenograft and the experimental metastasis mouse models.

Results

ST7-AS1 was upregulated in LUAD tissues or cell lines, correlated with tumours of positive lymph node metastasis or higher TNM stages, and associated with shorter overall survival of LUAD patients. ST7-AS1 essentially maintained the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT of LUAD cells. The oncogenic activities of ST7-AS1 were accomplished by sponging miR-181b-5p and releasing the suppression of the latter on KPNA4. In LUAD tissues, ST7-AS1 level positively correlated with that of KPNA4 and negatively with miR-181b-5p level. In vivo, targeting ST7-AS1 significantly inhibited xenograft growth and metastasis.

Conclusions

ST7-AS1, by regulating miR-181b-5p/KPNA4 axis, promotes the malignancy of LUAD cells. Targeting ST7-AS1 and KPNA4 or up-regulating miR-181b-5p, therefore, may benefit the treatment of LUAD.
Institutional deliveries and stillbirth and neonatal mortality in the Global Network's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry
Authors: Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Goco Norman , Somannavar Manjunath S. , Kavi Avinash , Vernekar Sunil S. , Tshefu Antoinette , Chomba Elwyn , Garces Ana L. , Saleem Sarah , Naqvi Farnaz , Patel Archana , Esamai Fabian , Bose Carl L. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Liechty Edward A. , Koso-Thomas Marion , Nolen Tracy L. , Moore Janet , Iyer Pooja , McClure Elizabeth M. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Derman Richard J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Few studies have shown how the move toward institutional delivery in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) impacts stillbirth and newborn mortality.

Objectives

The study evaluated trends in institutional delivery in research sites in Belagavi and Nagpur India, Guatemala, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia from 2010 to 2018 and compared them to changes in the rates of neonatal mortality and stillbirth.

Methods

We analyzed data from a nine-year interval captured in the Global Network (GN) Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR). Mortality rates were estimated from generalized estimating equations controlling for within-cluster correlation. Cluster-level analyses were performed to assess the association between institutional delivery and mortality rates.

Results

From 2010 to 2018, a total of 413,377 deliveries in 80 clusters across 6 sites in 5 countries were included in these analyses. An increase in the proportion of institutional deliveries occurred in all sites, with a range in 2018 from 57.7 to 99.8%. In 2010, the stillbirth rates ranged from 19.3 per 1000 births in the Kenyan site to 46.2 per 1000 births in the Pakistani site and by 2018, ranged from 9.7 per 1000 births in the Belagavi, India site to 40.8 per 1000 births in the Pakistani site. The 2010 neonatal mortality rates ranged from 19.0 per 1000 live births in the Kenyan site to 51.3 per 1000 live births in the Pakistani site with the 2018 neonatal mortality rates ranging from 9.2 per 1000 live births in the Zambian site to 50.2 per 1000 live births in the Pakistani site. In multivariate modeling, in some but not all sites, the reductions in stillbirth and neonatal death were significantly associated with an increase in the institutional deliveries.

Conclusions

There was an increase in institutional delivery rates in all sites and a reduction in stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates in some of the GN sites over the past decade. The relationship between institutional delivery and a decrease in mortality was significant in some but not all sites. However, the stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates remain at high levels. Understanding the relationship between institutional delivery and stillbirth and neonatal deaths in resource-limited environments will enable development of targeted interventions for reducing the mortality burden.

Trial registration

The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrial.gov Trial Registration: NCT01073475.
Why are the Pakistani maternal, fetal and newborn outcomes so poor compared to other low and middle-income countries?
Authors: Aziz Aleha , Saleem Sarah , Nolen Tracy L. , Pradhan Nousheen Akber , McClure Elizabeth M. , Jessani Saleem , Garces Ana L. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Moore Janet L. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Dhaded Sangappa M. , Esamai Fabian , Tenge Constance , Patel Archana B. , Chomba Elwyn , Mwenechanya Musaku , Bose Carl L. , Liechty Edward A. , Krebs Nancy F. , Derman Richard J. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Tshefu Antoinette , Koso-Thomas Marion , Siddiqi Sameen , Goldenberg Robert L.
Published: December 2020

Background

Pakistan has among the poorest pregnancy outcomes worldwide, significantly worse than many other low-resource countries. The reasons for these differences are not clear. In this study, we compared pregnancy outcomes in Pakistan to other low-resource countries and explored factors that might help explain these differences.

Methods

The Global Network (GN) Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR) is a prospective, population-based observational study that includes all pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes in defined geographic communities in six low-middle income countries (India, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, Kenya, Zambia). Study staff enroll women in early pregnancy and follow-up soon after delivery and at 42 days to ascertain delivery, neonatal, and maternal outcomes. We analyzed the maternal mortality ratios (MMR), neonatal mortality rates (NMR), stillbirth rates, and potential explanatory factors from 2010 to 2018 across the GN sites.

Results

From 2010 to 2018, there were 91,076 births in Pakistan and 456,276 births in the other GN sites combined. The MMR in Pakistan was 319 per 100,000 live births compared to an average of 124 in the other sites, while the Pakistan NMR was 49.4 per 1,000 live births compared to 20.4 in the other sites. The stillbirth rate in Pakistan was 53.5 per 1000 births compared to 23.2 for the other sites. Preterm birth and low birthweight rates were also substantially higher than the other sites combined. Within weight ranges, the Pakistani site generally had significantly higher rates of stillbirth and neonatal mortality than the other sites combined, with differences increasing as birthweights increased. By nearly every measure, medical care for pregnant women and their newborns in the Pakistan sites was worse than at the other sites combined.

Conclusion

The Pakistani pregnancy outcomes are much worse than those in the other GN sites. Reasons for these poorer outcomes likely include that the Pakistani sites' reproductive-aged women are largely poorly educated, undernourished, anemic, and deliver a high percentage of preterm and low-birthweight babies in settings of often inadequate maternal and newborn care. By addressing the issues highlighted in this paper there appears to be substantial room for improvements in Pakistan’s pregnancy outcomes.
Regional trends in birth weight in low- and middle-income countries 2013–2018
Authors: Marete Irene , Ekhaguere Osayame , Bann Carla M. , Bucher Sherri L. , Nyongesa Paul , Patel Archana B. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Saleem Sarah , Goldenberg Robert L. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Derman Richard J. , Garces Ana L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Chomba Elwyn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Lokangaka Adrien , Bauserman Melissa , Koso-Thomas Marion , Moore Janet L. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Esamai Fabian
Published: December 2020

Background

Birth weight (BW) is a strong predictor of neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare BWs between global regions (south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Central America) prospectively and to determine if trends exist in BW over time using the population-based maternal and newborn registry (MNHR) of the Global Network for Women'sand Children's Health Research (Global Network).

Methods

The MNHR is a prospective observational population-based registryof six research sites participating in the Global Network (2013–2018), within five low- and middle-income countries (Kenya, Zambia, India, Pakistan, and Guatemala) in threeglobal regions (sub-Saharan Af rica, south Asia, Central America). The birth weights were obtained for all infants born during the study period. This was done either by abstracting from the infants' health facility records or from direct measurement by the registry staff for infants born at home. After controlling for demographic characteristics, mixed-effect regression models were utilized to examine regional differences in birth weights over time.

Results

The overall BW meanswere higher for the African sites (Zambia and Kenya), 3186 g (SD 463 g) in 2013 and 3149 g (SD 449 g) in 2018, ascompared to Asian sites (Belagavi and Nagpur, India and Pakistan), 2717 g (SD450 g) in 2013 and 2713 g (SD 452 g) in 2018. The Central American site (Guatemala) had a mean BW intermediate between the African and south Asian sites, 2928 g (SD 452) in 2013, and 2874 g (SD 448) in 2018. The low birth weight (LBW) incidence was highest in the south Asian sites (India and Pakistan) and lowest in the African sites (Kenya and Zambia). The size of regional differences varied somewhat over time with slight decreases in the gap in birth weights between the African and Asian sites and slight increases in the gap between the African and Central American sites.

Conclusions

Overall, BWmeans by global region did not change significantly over the 5-year study period. From 2013 to 2018, infants enrolled at the African sites demonstrated the highest BW means overall across the entire study period, particularly as compared to Asian sites. The incidence of LBW was highest in the Asian sites (India and Pakistan) compared to the African and Central American sites.

Trial registration The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrial.gov Trial Registration: NCT01073475.
MET: a Java package for fast molecule equivalence testing
Authors: Schüler Jördis-Ann , Rechner Steffen , Müller-Hannemann Matthias
Published: December 2020

An important task in cheminformatics is to test whether two molecules are equivalent with respect to their 2D structure. Mathematically, this amounts to solving the graph isomorphism problem for labelled graphs. In this paper, we present an approach which exploits chemical properties and the local neighbourhood of atoms to define highly distinctive node labels. These characteristic labels are the key for clever partitioning molecules into molecule equivalence classes and an effective equivalence test. Based on extensive computational experiments, we show that our algorithm is significantly faster than existing implementations within , and . We provide our Java implementation as an easy-to-use, open-source package (via GitHub) which is compatible with . It fully supports the distinction of different isotopes and molecules with radicals.
Feasibility and possible value of quantitative semi-automated diffusion weighted imaging volumetry of neuroblastic tumors
Authors: Gassenmaier Sebastian , Tsiflikas Ilias , Fuchs Jörg , Grimm Robert , Urla Cristian , Esser Michael , Maennlin Simon , Ebinger Martin , Warmann Steven W. , Schäfer Jürgen F.
Published: December 2020

Background

To assess the feasibility and possible value of semi-automated diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) volumetry of whole neuroblastic tumors with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Pediatric patients who underwent surgical resection of neuroblastic tumors at our institution from 2013 to 2019 and who received a preoperative MRI scan with DWI after chemotherapy were included. Tumor volume was assessed with a semi-automated approach in DWI using a dedicated software prototype. Quantitative ADC values were calculated automatically of the total tumor volume after manual exclusion of necrosis. Manual segmentation in T1 weighted and T2 weighted sequences was used as reference standard for tumor volume comparison. The Student’s t test was used for parametric data while the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for non-parametric data.

Results

Twenty seven patients with 28 lesions (neuroblastoma (NB): n = 19, ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB): n = 7, ganglioneuroma (GN): n = 2) could be evaluated. Mean patient age was 4.5 ± 3.2 years. Median volume of standard volumetry (T1w or T2w) was 50.2 ml (interquartile range (IQR): 91.9 ml) vs. 45.1 ml (IQR: 98.4 ml) of DWI (p = 0.145). Mean ADC values (× 10− 6 mm2/s) of the total tumor volume (without necrosis) were 1187 ± 301 in NB vs. 1552 ± 114 in GNB/GN (p = 0.037). The 5th percentile of ADC values of NB (614 ± 275) and GNB/GN (1053 ± 362) provided the most significant difference (p = 0.007) with an area under the curve of 0.848 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Quantitative semi-automated DWI volumetry is feasible in neuroblastic tumors with integrated analysis of tissue characteristics by providing automatically calculated ADC values of the whole tumor as well as an ADC heatmap. The 5th percentile of the ADC values of the whole tumor volume proved to be the most significant parameter for differentiation of the histopathological subtypes in our patient cohort and further investigation seems to be worthwhile.
Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on recovery from neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Firoozi Parsa , Keyhan Seied Omid , Kim Seong-Gon , Fallahi Hamid Reza
Published: December 2020

Background

Orthognathic surgery such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the treatment of mandibular deformities is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial operations that may lead to neurosensory disturbance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on augmenting recovery of neurosensory disturbance of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in patients who underwent BSSRO surgery.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent authors in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Besides, a manual search of all textbooks and relevant articles were conducted. Searches took place in August 2020 and were limited to published and peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. All analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) and the STATA MP (version:16) software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using the inverse variance method and the standard mean difference (SMD) was considered for continuous variables.

Results

Seventy-four papers were retrieved after removing duplicate studies and finally, eight studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis and five for meta-analysis. Totally, 94 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was shown that LLLT was not effective in a short interval (0 to 48 h) after surgery, but in a period of more than 1 month after surgery, the positive results of treatment can be observed strikingly. Also, LLLT side/group showed no significant difference in some aspects of neurosensory recovery such as thermal sensation compared to the placebo side/group.

Conclusions

The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that LLLT generally improves IAN sensory disturbance caused by BSSRO. Further high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are recommended.
Engagement in cloud-supported collaborative learning and student knowledge construction: a modeling study
Authors: Baanqud Noria Saeed , Al-Samarraie Hosam , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alfarraj Osama
Published: December 2020

Many universities, especially in low-income countries, have considered the potential of cloud-supported collaborative learning in planning and managing students’ learning experiences. This is because cloud tools can offer students the necessary skills for collaboration with one another and improving communication between all users. This study examined how cloud tools can help students engage in reflective thinking, knowledge sharing, cognitive engagement, and cognitive presence experiences. The impact of these experiences on students’ functional intellectual ability to construct knowledge was also examined. A quantitative questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 postgraduate students. A reflective–formative hierarchical model was developed to explain students' knowledge construction in the cloud environment. The findings revealed a positive influence of cognitive engagement, knowledge sharing, and reflective thinking on students’ knowledge construction. Outcomes from this study can help decision makers, researchers, and academicians to understand the potential of using cloud-supported collaborative tools in developing individuals’ knowledge construction.
Psychoanalysis in the treatment of autism: why is France a cultural outlier?
Authors: Bishop D. V. M. , Swendsen Joel
Published: December 2020

In most countries, social or behavioural interventions are recommended for autism. However, in France, psychoanalysis is still used, despite objections by patients, families and mental health experts. Supporters of psychoanalysis maintain that the choice of therapeutic approach is a matter of cultural preference, and that objections to psychoanalysis arise from misunderstandings. We argue that more deep-rooted problems are the lack of an evidence base for psychoanalysis and its focus on sexual relationships between children and adults, which demonises mothers and can put children at risk of abuse. Furthermore, psychoanalysis in France is protected from criticism by powerful educational and political networks.
A qualitative study of how self-harm starts and continues among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Chen Runsen , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Li , Lu Li , Wilson Amanda , Gong Shuxiao , Zhu Yingrong , Sheng Caihua , Zeng Ying , Li Yamin , Ou Jianjun
Published: December 2020

Background

It is essential to investigate the experiences behind why adolescents start and continue to self-harm in order to develop targeted treatment and prevent future self-harming behaviours.

Aims

The aims of this study are to understand the motivations for initiating and repeating nonfatal self-harm, the different methods used between first-time and repeated self-harm and the reasons that adolescents do not seek help from health services.

Methods

Adolescents with repeated nonfatal self-harm experiences were recruited to participate in individual, semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interviews were analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

We found that nonfatal self-harm among adolescents occurred comparatively early and was often triggered by specific reasons. However, the subsequent nonfatal self-harm could be causeless, with repeated self-harm becoming a maladaptive coping strategy to handle daily pressure and negative emotions. The choice of tools used was related to the ease of accessibility, the life-threatening risk and the size of the scars. Adolescents often concealed their scars on purpose, which made early identification insufficient. Peer influence, such as online chat groups encouraging self-harm by discussing and sharing self-harm pictures, could also lead to increased self-harm. The results also included participants’ opinions on how to stop nonfatal self-harm and their dissatisfaction with the current healthcare services.

Conclusions

The current study provides important implications both for early identification and interventions for adolescents who engage in repeated nonfatal self-harm, and for individualising treatment planning that benefits them. It is also worthwhile to further investigate how peer influence and social media may affect self-harm in adolescents.
Radical Cystectomy Against Intravesical BCG for High-Risk High-Grade Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Randomized Controlled BRAVO-Feasibility Study
Authors: Catto James W. F. , Gordon Kathryn , Collinson Michelle , Poad Heather , Twiddy Maureen , Johnson Mark , Jain Sunjay , Chahal Rohit , Simms Matt , Dooldeniya Mohantha , Bell Richard , Koenig Phillip , Conroy Samantha , Goodwin Louise , Noon Aidan P. , Croft Julie , Brown Julia M. ,   on behalf of the BRAVO study group
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE

High-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease. Treatments include intravesical maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (mBCG) and radical cystectomy (RC). We wanted to understand whether a randomized trial comparing these options was possible.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We conducted a two-arm, prospective multicenter randomized study to determine the feasibility in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-naive patients. Participants had new high-risk HRNMIBC suitable for both treatments. Random assignment was stratified by age, sex, center, stage, presence of carcinoma in situ, and prior low-risk bladder cancer. Qualitative work investigated how to maintain equipoise. The primary outcome was the number of patients screened, eligible, recruited, and randomly assigned.

RESULTS

We screened 407 patients, approached 185, and obtained consent from 51 (27.6%) patients. Of these, one did not proceed and therefore 50 were randomly assigned (1:1). In the mBCG arm, 23/25 (92.0%) patients received mBCG, four had nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after induction, three had NMIBC at 4 months, and four received RC. At closure, two patients had metastatic BC. In the RC arm, 20 (80.0%) participants received cystectomy, including five (25.0%) with no tumor, 13 (65.0%) with HRNMIBC, and two (10.0%) with muscle invasion in their specimen. At follow-up, all patients in the RC arm were free of disease. Adverse events were mostly mild and equally distributed (15/23 [65.2%] patients with mBCG and 13/20 [65.0%] patients with RC). The quality of life (QOL) of both arms was broadly similar at 12 months.

CONCLUSION

A randomized controlled trial comparing mBCG and RC will be challenging to recruit into. Around 10% of patients with high-risk HRNMIBC have a lethal disease and may be better treated by primary radical treatment. Conversely, many are suitable for bladder preservation and may maintain their prediagnosis QOL.
Total Body Irradiation or Chemotherapy Conditioning in Childhood ALL: A Multinational, Randomized, Noninferiority Phase III Study
Authors: Peters Christina , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Locatelli Franco , Poetschger Ulrike , Sedlacek Petr , Buechner Jochen , Shaw Peter J. , Staciuk Raquel , Ifversen Marianne , Pichler Herbert , Vettenranta Kim , Svec Peter , Aleinikova Olga , Stein Jerry , Güngör Tayfun , Toporski Jacek , Truong Tony H. , Diaz-de-Heredia Cristina , Bierings Marc , Ariffin Hany , Essa Mohammed , Burkhardt Birgit , Schultz Kirk , Meisel Roland , Lankester Arjan , Ansari Marc , Schrappe Martin ,   on behalf of the IBFM Study Group;, von Stackelberg Arend ,   on behalf of the IntReALL Study Group, Balduzzi Adriana ,   on behalf of the I-BFM SCT Study Group, Corbacioglu Selim ,   on behalf of the EBMT Paediatric Diseases Working Party, Bader Peter
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE

Total body irradiation (TBI) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is efficacious, but long-term side effects are concerning. We investigated whether preparative combination chemotherapy could replace TBI in such patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

FORUM is a randomized, controlled, open-label, international, multicenter, phase III, noninferiority study. Patients ≤ 18 years at diagnosis, 4-21 years at HSCT, in complete remission pre-HSCT, and with an HLA-compatible related or unrelated donor were randomly assigned to myeloablative conditioning with fractionated 12 Gy TBI and etoposide versus fludarabine, thiotepa, and either busulfan or treosulfan. The noninferiority margin was 8%. With 1,000 patients randomly assigned in 5 years, 2-year minimum follow-up, and one-sided alpha of 5%, 80% power was calculated. A futility stopping rule would halt random assignment if chemoconditioning was significantly inferior to TBI (EudraCT: 2012-003032-22; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01949129 ).

RESULTS

Between April 2013 and December 2018, 543 patients were screened, 417 were randomly assigned, 212 received TBI, and 201 received chemoconditioning. The stopping rule was applied on March 31, 2019. The median follow-up was 2.1 years. In the intention-to-treat population, 2-year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher following TBI (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.95; P < .0001) versus chemoconditioning (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.81). Two-year cumulative incidence of relapse and treatment-related mortality were 0.12 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.17; P < .0001) and 0.02 (95% CI, < 0.01 to 0.05; P = .0269) following TBI and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.40) and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14) following chemoconditioning, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Improved OS and lower relapse risk were observed following TBI plus etoposide compared with chemoconditioning. We therefore recommend TBI plus etoposide for patients > 4 years old with high-risk ALL undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Topological bounded corner states induced by long-range interactions in Kagome lattice
Authors: Li Yu-Zeng , Liu Zheng-Fang , Xu Xun-Wei , Wu Qing-Ping , Xiao Xian-Bo , Liu Mei-Rong , Chang Lu-Lu , Zhang Ruo-Long
Published: December 2020

We theoretically studied the corner states in photonic Kagome lattice with long-range interactions. Literature has confirmed that such model supports zero-energy corner states and finite-energy corner states known as type-II corner states. In this paper, through careful research, we found that there is another new type of finite-energy corner state in this system. By using the approximation method, we realized that the addition of long-range interactions causes coupling between topological edge states, which in turn makes these finite-energy corner states split from the edge states. Moreover, these finite-energy corner states are not located on the corners, but around the corners. And they are immune to the disorder in coupling strengths. Thus we call them topological bounded corner states. Our work reveals a way to generate bounded corner states by the long-range interactions, which offers a way for designing novel bounded devices.
Effects of artery input function on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for determining grades of gliomas
Authors: Jia Lin , Wu Xia , Wan Qian , Wan Liwen , Jia Wenxiao , Zhang Na
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of artery input function (AIF) derived from different arteries for pharmacokinetic modeling on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters in the grading of gliomas.

Methods:

49 patients with pathologically confirmed gliomas were recruited and underwent DCE-MRI. A modified Tofts model with different AIFs derived from anterior cerebral artery (ACA), ipsilateral and contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) was used to estimate quantitative parameters such as Ktrans (volume transfer constant) and Ve (fractional extracellular-extravascular space volume) for distinguishing the low grade glioma from high grade glioma. The Ktrans and Ve were compared between different arteries using Two Related Samples Tests (TRST) (i.e. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). In addition, these parameters were compared between the low and high grades as well as between the grade II and III using the Mann-Whitney U-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:

All the patients completed the DCE-MRI successfully. Sharp wash-in and wash-out phases were observed in all AIFs derived from the different arteries. The quantitative parameters (Ktrans and Ve) calculated from PCA were significant higher than those from ACA and MCA for low and high grades, respectively (p < 0.05). Despite the differences of quantitative parameters derived from ACA, MCA and PCA, the Ktrans and Ve from any AIFs could distinguish between low and high grade, however, only Ktrans from any AIFs could distinguish grades II and III. There was no significant correlation between parameters and the distance from the artery, which the AIF was extracted, to the tumor.

Conclusion:

Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas, however, only Ktrans can distinguish grades II and III.

Advances in knowledge:

We sought to assess the effect of AIF on DCE-MRI for determining grades of gliomas. Both quantitative parameters Ktrans and Ve calculated using any AIF of ACA, MCA, and PCA can be used for distinguishing the low- from high-grade gliomas.
Improving rib fracture detection accuracy and reading efficiency with deep learning-based detection software: a clinical evaluation
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jia Chunxue , Wu Runze , Lv Baotao , Li Beibei , Li Fuzhou , Du Guijin , Sun Zhenchao , Li Xiaodong
Published: December 2020

Objectives:

To investigate the impact of deep learning (DL) on radiologists’ detection accuracy and reading efficiency of rib fractures on CT.

Methods:

Blunt chest trauma patients (n = 198) undergoing thin-slice CT were enrolled. Images were read by two radiologists (R1, R2) in three sessions: S1, unassisted reading; S2, assisted by DL as the concurrent reader; S3, DL as the second reader. The fractures detected by the readers and total reading time were documented. The reference standard for rib fractures was established by an expert panel. The sensitivity and false-positives per scan were calculated and compared among S1, S2, and S3.

Results:

The reference standard identified 865 fractures on 713 ribs (102 patients) The sensitivity of S1, S2, and S3 was 82.8, 88.9, and 88.7% for R1, and 83.9, 88.7, and 88.8% for R2, respectively. The sensitivity of S2 and S3 was significantly higher compared to S1 for both readers (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity between S2 and S3 did not differ significantly (both p > 0.9). The false-positive per scan had no difference between sessions for R1 (p = 0.24) but was lower for S2 and S3 than S1 for R2 (both p < 0.05). Reading time decreased by 36% (R1) and 34% (R2) in S2 compared to S1.

Conclusions:

Using DL as a concurrent reader can improve the detection accuracy and reading efficiency for rib fracture.

Advances in knowledge:

DL can be integrated into the radiology workflow to improve the accuracy and reading efficiency of CT rib fracture detection.
Clumped vs non-clumped internal enhancement patterns in linear non-mass enhancement on breast MRI
Authors: Chen Shu Tian , Covelli James , Okamoto Satoko , Daniel Bruce L , DeMartini Wendy B , Ikeda Debra M
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To compare positive predictive values (PPVs) of clumped vs non-clumped (homogenous and heterogeneous) internal enhancement on MRI detected linear non-mass enhancement (NME) on MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (MRI-VABB).

Methods:

With IRB (Institutional Review Board) approval, we retrospectively reviewed 598 lesions undergoing MRI-VABB from January 2015 to April 2018 that showed linear NME. We reviewed the electronic medical records for MRI-VABB pathology, any subsequent surgery and clinical follow-up. The X2 test was performed for univariate analysis.

Results:

There were 120/598 (20%) linear NME MRI-VABB lesions with clumped (52/120, 43%) vs non-clumped (68/120, 57%) internal enhancement, average size 1.8 cm (range 0.6–7.6 cm). On MRI-VABB, cancer was identified in 22/120 (18%) lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was found in 18/22 (82%) and invasive cancer in 4 (18%). 3/31 (10%) high-risk lesions upgraded to DCIS at surgery, for a total of 25/120 (21%) malignancies. Malignancy was found in 12/52 (23%) clumped lesions and in 13/68 (19%) of non-clumped lesions that showed heterogeneous (5/13, 38%) or homogenous (8/13, 62%) internal enhancement. The PPV of linear NME with clumped internal enhancement (23.1%) was not significantly different from the PPV of non-clumped linear NME (19.1%) (p = 0.597). The PPV of linear NME lesions <1 cm (33.3%) was not significantly different from the PPV of lesions ≥1 cm (18.6%) (p = 0.157).

Conclusions:

Linear NME showed malignancy in 21% of our series. Linear NME with clumped or non-clumped internal enhancement patterns, regardless of lesion size, might need to undergo MRI-VABB in appropriate populations.

Advances in knowledge:

Evaluation of linear NME lesions on breast MRI focuses especially on internal enhancement pattern.
mRNA spindle localization and mitotic translational regulation by CPEB1 and CPEB4
Authors: Pascual Rosa , Segura-Morales Carolina , Omerzu Manja , Bellora Nicolás , Belloc Eulàlia , Castellazzi Chiara Lara , Reina Oscar , Eyras Eduardo , Maurice Madelon M. , Millanes-Romero Alba , Méndez Raúl
Published: December 2020

Transition through cell cycle phases requires temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression to ensure accurate chromosome duplication and segregation. This regulation involves dynamic reprogramming of gene expression at multiple transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In transcriptionally silent oocytes, the CPEB-family of RNA-binding proteins coordinates temporal and spatial translation regulation of stored maternal mRNAs to drive meiotic progression. CPEB1 mediates mRNA localization to the meiotic spindle, which is required to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Temporal translational regulation also takes place in mitosis, where a large repertoire of transcripts is activated or repressed in specific cell cycle phases. However, whether control of localized translation at the spindle is required for mitosis is unclear, as mitotic and acentriolar-meiotic spindles are functionally and structurally different. Furthermore, the large differences in scale-ratio between cell volume and spindle size in oocytes compared to somatic mitotic cells may generate distinct requirements for gene expression compartmentalization in meiosis and mitosis. Here we show that mitotic spindles contain CPE-localized mRNAs and translating ribosomes. Moreover, CPEB1 and CPEB4 localize in the spindles and they may function sequentially in promoting mitotic stage transitions and correct chromosome segregation. Thus, CPEB1 and CPEB4 bind to specific spindle-associated transcripts controlling the expression and/or localization of their encoded factors that, respectively, drive metaphase and anaphase/cytokinesis.
Why the Standard TFR gives a Misleading Impression of the Fertility of Foreign Women: Insights from Switzerland
Authors: Burkimsher Marion , Rossier Clémentine , Wanner Philippe
Published: December 2020

Since 1971 the Swiss Federal Statistical Office has published annual fertility data split by nationality (Swiss/foreign). These indicate that the TFR for women of foreign nationality has been 0.5 children higher than for Swiss women for most of the period since 1991. However, statistics from household registration (STATPOP) and the Families and Generations Surveys (FGS) in 2013 and 2018 indicate that foreign women, approaching the end of their reproductive lives, have slightly smaller families than women of Swiss nationality. The purpose of this paper is to reconcile these contradictory fertility measures. To do this, we design a novel methodology for tallying the fertility of cohorts of Swiss and foreign nationals through their reproductive life. In addition to birth registrations and population totals by age (the input data for calculating the TFR) we also include estimates of how many children women have at the time of their immigration, emigration and naturalisation. Using these input data, we compile the fertility profiles of Swiss and foreign women aged 15-49 (cohorts 1966-2003). These correspond well with the FGS and household register data.

Several processes impact the final fertility of the two sub-populations. Women frequently immigrate into Switzerland in their 20s. Often arriving childless, they commonly start childbearing soon after immigration. However, there is still a flow of low-fertility women into the country in their 30s and 40s, lowering the average fertility of the foreign population. By contrast, Swiss women start childbearing later and a significant proportion remain childless; however, after starting childbearing they have a higher propensity than foreign women to have a second and third child. Naturalisation and fertility are interlinked; women with children are more likely to naturalise than those without, which then boosts the average fertility of the Swiss population.

We confirm that the standard TFR gives an inflated impression of the ultimate (cohort) fertility of foreign nationals and under-estimates that of Swiss women, and we describe how this happens. Fundamentally, the TFR is a measure of childbearing intensity, not an accurate estimate of completed cohort fertility, especially for a mobile population.
Asymptotic behavior of inexact orbits of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J.
Published: December 2020

We study the convergence of inexact iterates of nonexpansive mappings which take a nonempty closed subset of a complete metric space into the space in the case where the errors are sufficiently small.
Assistência de enfermagem em núcleo de reabilitação: o papel do enfermeiro
Authors: Panobianco Marislei Sanches , Felipe Isabela De Oliveira , Canete Ana Carolina Sipoli , Nunes Larissa Clara , Prado Maria Antonieta Spinoso
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: reconhecer como mastectomizadas descrevem e compreendem os cuidados de enfermagem que recebem em um núcleo de reabilitação. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo; realizado em um núcleo de reabilitação. Participaram 26 mastectomizadas, com 18 anos ou mais, que frequentavam o serviço há um ano, no mínimo, e pelo menos uma vez ao mês. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas abertas, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: surgiram quatro categorias: reconhecendo a enfermagem e sua importância no cuidado em saúde de mulheres com câncer de mama; a enfermagem organizando e planejando as atividades assistenciais, sociais e de lazer; a enfermagem liderando o grupo verbal e a enfermagem cuidando e acolhendo. Conclusão: As participantes reconhecem a enfermagem como indispensável na equipe multiprofissional que lhes presta assistência; que são acolhidas e assistidas de forma satisfatória, tanto física como emocionalmente e que isso se deve à organização e gerenciamento de todas as atividades por uma enfermeira.
A experiência de famílias não doadoras frente à morte encefálica
Authors: Rossato Gabriela Camponogara , Girardon-Perlini Nara Marilene Oliveira , Cogo Silvana Bastos , Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Dalmolin Angélica
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: compreender a experiência vivenciada de famílias de adultos frente à morte encefálica e a opção pela não doação de órgãos. Métodos: estudo qualitativo fundamentado no Interacionismo Simbólico, realizado em um hospital público, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com seis famílias, que tiverem um familiar potencial doador de órgãos diagnosticado com morte encefálica e negaram a doação. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista narrativa no período de maio a novembro de 2016, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética da instituição, e analisados com ênfase no conteúdo. Resultados: refere-se a uma situação inesperada e desconhecida, de incertezas, dor e sofrimento ante o adoecimento, a morte encefálica e a decisão pela doação de órgãos ou não. Conclusão: Em um contexto interacional de incertezas, definido como o desmoronar da vida familiar por um evento inimaginável, a morte encefálica e a doação de órgãos é percebida como a intensificação da perda, o que corrobora na decisão pela não doação.