bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La primera etapa del IEHC (Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias) y el impulso progresista en las exposiciones de mujeres artistas desde 1953 a 1965
Authors: Alemán Gómez Ángeles
Published: December 2018

Existe una línea frágil pero visible que rompe la monotonía y la oscuridad de las décadas de 1950 y 1960 en Canarias. En un momento de la historia en que todo era silencioso temor, en que la moral más conservadora y restrictiva se había apoderado de la sociedad, varias mujeres artistas decidieron batallar por su arte y lograron llevar a cabo una serie de exposiciones, artículos y amistad que culminaron en una exposición pionera de mujeres artistas, titulada simplemente Las Doce.Para enmarcar esta historia, protagonizada por varias mujeres de distinta procedencia pero ligadas especialmente por la artista e intelectual surrealista Maud Bonneaud– Westerdahl, debemos proceder primero a situar el espacio en el que tuvo lugar, el Instituto de Estudios Hispánicos de Canarias (IEHC) que dio cobijo al inacabado proyecto del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Eduardo Westerdahl en el Puerto de la Cruz.La búsqueda realizada a través de archivos públicos y privados, además de múltiples lecturas y entrevistas, ha sido esencial para ir encajando las piezas de esta historia que presentamos pues a pesar de haber sido opacada por la historiografía tradicional, termina ahora saliendo a la luz y ayudando a comprender mejor la importancia de estas mujeres.
El ágora digital: análisis de la relación entre deliberación democrática y nuevas redes digitales
Authors: Küppers Johansson Ronald
Published: December 2018

Este artículo pretende un acercamiento teórico a la relación actual entre el impacto del producto social de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación (las nuevas redes digitales) y las condiciones de optimización de la deliberación en democracia, buscando dibujar la anatomía de esta relación, así como sus principales puntos de conflicto en lo que a transparencia y participación se refiere. Muestra que las nuevas redes digitales presentan rasgos con potencial para ejercer tanto un impacto positivo como negativo, existiendo, no obstante, ciertos factores diferenciales que hacen decantarse por concluir que el efecto de esta relación es netamente negativo. Concluye con una serie de recomendaciones acerca de cómo encarar los retos que se derivan de este análisis, apuntando a la necesidad de reconsiderar ciertas nociones acerca de la deliberación y la esfera pública.
Alianzas de actores y construcción de una arena pública a través de la estrategia transmedia. Análisis del proyecto Chicas Nuevas 24 Horas
Authors: Saiz-Echezarreta Vanesa , Peralta García Lidia , Mártinez Pérez Elena
Published: December 2018

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre el impacto de las estrategias transmedia como recurso para escenificar (visibilizar), captar la atención y acceder al espacio público mediatizado en la controversia sobre el estatuto de la prostitución y las formas de intervención en la lucha contra la trata con fines de explotación sexual en España. El principal objetivo reside en proponer un mapeo de actores (agentes institucionales, sociedad civil y actores mediáticos) en torno al proyecto Chicas Nuevas 24 horas (CHN24H), de la cineasta y activista Mabel Lozano. Para ello, observamos, mediante un ejercicio de etnografía multisituada bajo el enfoque de seguimiento del conflicto (follow the conflict) definido por George E. Marcus (1995), la red de alianzas participativas y los espacios de mediación en la configuración de una arena pública (Cefaï, 2011). El recorrido analítico nos conduce desde las primeras colaboraciones de Lozano con organizaciones especializadas, como la Asociación para la Prevención, Reinserción y Atención a la Mujer Prostituida (APRAMP) y la Red Española contra la trata, en 2013, hasta la celebración del Día Internacional contra la trata con fines de explotación sexual en 2017, en la que el Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales asume el proyecto CHN24H como propio. El grafo del entramado transmedia analizado ha priorizado la expansión del discurso frente a su profundización, y la lógica de la “sensibilización” en detrimento de la participación y la orientación a la acción.
Los desafíos que enfrentan las prácticas de ciencia abierta
Authors: Fressoli Juan Mariano , Arza Valeria
Published: December 2018

En los últimos años, la ciencia abierta ha capturado gran interés por parte de científicos, hacedores de políticas y agencias de desarrollo internacional, en gran parte debido a los beneficios prometidos por las nuevas prácticas. Sin embargo, a medida que las ideas de ciencia abierta se transforman en iniciativas concretas, comienzan a enfrentar desafíos que pueden retrasar y/o impedir su implementación. Entre ellos se incluyen: la ausencia de conocimiento y/o capacidades para realizar nuevas prácticas, barreras normativas o institucionales que impiden avanzar en la apertura, y falta de infraestructura que puede desalentar su adopción. Este trabajo sistematiza los desafíos que surgen en las prácticas de ciencia abierta con el fin de informar el desarrollo de futuras políticas de ciencia y tecnología que faciliten su avance en la región.
Reseña/Review (O’Neil, Cathy, "Armas de destrucción matemática: cómo el Big Data aumenta la desigualdad y amenaza la democracia", Madrid: Capitán Swing, ISBN: 9788494740848, 280 págs., 2017)
Authors: Moreno Alameda David
Published: December 2018

Reseña/Review (O’Neil, Cathy, "Armas de destrucción matemática: cómo el Big Data aumenta la desigualdad y amenaza la democracia", Madrid: Capitán Swing, ISBN: 9788494740848, 280 págs., 2017)
Mathematical Modeling of Thermoelastic State of a Functionally Graded Thermally Sensitive Thick Hollow Cylinder With Internal Heat Generation
Authors: MANTHENA V R , KEDAR G D
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the effect of internal heat generation has been studied in a functionally graded thick hollow cylinder in context with thermosensitive thermoelastic properties. Initially, the cylinder is kept at reference temperature and the radial boundary surface under consideration dissipates heat by convection according to Newton’s law of cooling, heat flux is applied at the lower surface, while the upper surface is insulated. The heat conduction equation due to internal heat generation is solved by integral transform technique and Kirchhoff’s variable transformation is used to deal with the nonlinearity of the heat conduction equation. A mathematical model has been constructed for a nonhomogenous material in which the material properties are assumed to be dependent on both temperature and spatial variable z. A ceramic-metal-based FGM is considered in which alumina is selected as ceramic and nickel as metal. The results obtained are illustrated graphically.
Investigation of Control Process in Liquid Refrigerant Defrosting System
Authors: WANG Meng , ZANG Runqing , Lİ Yanhe , Lİ Wenqing
Published: December 2018

The liquid refrigerant defrosting system (LRDS) has the
advantages that the refrigeration process is continuous, the temperature
fluctuation of the cold storage is small, and the cooling energy of the frost
can be recovered effectively. However, the system is too complex to apply and
promote in the modern cold storage. In order to solve the problem of operation
difficulty, the control experiments were carried out, including the beginning
of the defrosting (BD), the end of the defrosting (ED), the draining time (DT)
and the time difference between the two air coolers start-up (TDTACS). The
results showed that the LRDS started to defrost when the air pressure
difference was higher than 0.5mbar. The outlet should be located at the middle
part of the lower 1/3 part of the evaporation surface. The measuring pressure
tube inserted the fin 20mm, and the nozzle was perpendicular to the evaporation
pipe. The experimental ambient temperature was 30℃, and the frost mass
was 3kg. The gas return temperature at the ED was 3.0℃, 4.0℃, 5.0℃, 6.4℃ and 7.4℃ respectively when
the cold storage temperature was 0℃, 5℃, 10℃, 15℃ and 20℃ respectively. The DT
was controlled between 140s and 180s, which could prevent the wet compression.
In order to get the TDTACS, the manual control could be adopted for the first
defrosting. Then the air pressure difference control could be used. The two air
coolers could refrigerate and defrost alternately.
Fission and Fusion Nuclear Reactions Second Law Analyses Based on Exergy Method
Authors: PALAZZO Pierfrancesco
Published: December 2018

The present
research aims at specializing Second Law analyses to characterize balances of
properties, and efficiencies of processes, occurring in nuclear reactions. The
conceptual schema is underpinned by the paradigm of microscopic few-particle
systems and the inter-particle kinetic energy and binding potential energy
determined by interactions among atomic nuclei and subatomic particles in
non-equilibrium states along irreversible processes. The definition here proposed
for thermodynamic entropy calculation is based on energy and exergy both being
measurable properties used to directly derive entropy balances along elemental
fission and fusion nuclear reactions in operating industrial plants.
Naar bestuursgericht toezicht in de zorg: een zoektocht naar passendheid
Authors: Stoopendaal Annemiek , van de Bovenkamp Hester
Published: December 2018

In search for regulation of good governance in Dutch healthcare

In this article, we discuss how regulation of governance in healthcare has been shaped over the past decade. We describe the presuppositions under this movement. Searching and balancing was needed to meet the complexity of care management. This has to do with the fact that the external pressure on the regulator after incidents is high. Due to this pressure, it is necessary to constantly ensure that management-oriented regulation does not narrow to the supervision on the actor with final responsibility. The regulation of good governance requires reflectivity of the inspectors and is aimed at stimulating recoupling between management and shop floors. This requires space for experimentation for both managers and inspectors. To provide this space, we do not only need a political and social debate about the quality of care and its management, but also attention and appreciation for the difficult considerations of organizing care.
Voorlopige contouren van bestuursgericht toezicht
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , Bokhorst Meike , van Genugten Marieke , Oude Vrielink Mirjan
Published: December 2018

Governance-based Oversight. Early manifestations

The regulatory agencies in various public service sectors are said to be changing (some) of their regulatory attention issues of internal governance of organizations in education, health care en social housing. This paper aims to assess how (if, at all) responsible actors within those organizations experience this shift in regulatory focus. We report on the findings from a survey with modest N, distributed at an early stage of this new policy. The paper shows that respondents have fairly divergent views on whether or not this regulatory shift has indeed occurred, something which is not uncommon for a new policy. We distinguish three mechanisms through which governance-based oversight may have an impact on public service providers. This new regulatory regime could 1) have an agenda-setting effect within organizations, could 2) stimulate organizational decision-makers to take well-considered decisions and could 3) induce a sense of relational felt accountability towards the regulator.
Wat wendbare organisaties doen (en laten)
Authors: Nijssen Mark , Vermeeren Brenda , Vermeer Lucien , Visser Jurgen
Published: December 2018

What agile organizations do (and don’t do)

Public organizations are confronted with rapid subsequent changes in their environment. Against this background, we increasingly see and hear a call for agile public organizations. But what exactly is agility? And how can organizations achieve this? In this study, we have developed and validated the concept of agility and empirically identify the effect of different management practices that contribute to agility. This study shows that, seen from the perspective of the experienced dynamics, it is not necessary to be agile for all organizational units within the public sector. At the same time, there is a substantial group that should be more agile given the dynamics they encounter. This study shows that agile organizations are more committed to developing the mindset of employees, influencing the degree of autonomy for decision-making and stimulating the promotion of new ideas and insights.
L’alimentaire dans la cité : anciennes périphéries et nouveaux centres
Authors: Castañer Muñoz Esteban
Published: December 2018

Au XIXe siècle les activités alimentaires ont contribué avec d’autres fonctions à façonner la périphérie des villes de l’âge industriel. Abattoirs et marchés sont devenus des monuments dans le cadre d’un urbanisme disciplinaire et hygiéniste. A la fin XXe et au début du XXIe siècles ces mêmes lieux ont perdu leur caractère périphérique pour devenir des éléments d’articulation des centres urbains élargis. Les fonctions de ces édifices ont connu aussi des changements. Les activités de production ou de distribution alimentaire ont été repoussées vers des périphéries plus lointaines et neutres alors que les édifices du XIXe siècle à fonction alimentaire lorsque qu’ils sont survécu ont connu des modifications de signification. Jouant sur leur valeur patrimoniale ils ont été dans certains cas investis de nouvelles fonctions urbaines culturelles, commerciales ou de loisir ; dans d’autres cas, ils ont été affectés à de nouvelles fonctions de nature alimentaire : nouvelles formules de la distribution des denrées combinant le marché traditionnel et le supermarché, la vente des produits bio et des produits du terroir, les lieux de restauration. La mutation n’est donc pas seulement de nature cartographique mais aussi et surtout de signification. Si la fonction de distribution alimentaire réelle ne disparaît pas entièrement de ces lieux, elle cède une grande partie de la place à une culture de la gastronomie comme mythologie contemporaine, tel que Roland Barthes la décrivait. L’évolution de la culture alimentaire dans le monde contemporain est indissociable de la transformation formelle et symbolique de la cité.
Reflexiones sobre el pintor Lluís Dalmau a propósito de un retablo para Molins de Rei (1451)
Authors: Gómez-Ferrer Mercedes
Published: December 2018

El presente texto plantea una serie de reflexiones sobre la figura del pintor Lluís Dalmau, uno de los introductores de la pintura gótica flamenca en la Corona de Aragón. El análisis surge a partir de la presentación de un nuevo documento inédito sobre un retablo contratado en 1451 por Isabel de Requesens, esposa del gobernador de Cataluña, Galceran de Requesens, para la baronía de Molins de Rei (Barcelona). El documento sitúa al pintor realizando este encargo en Valencia, lo que supone un regreso hasta ahora desconocido a su ciudad natal tras haber realizado la tabla de la Mare de Déu dels Consellers, de Barcelona (1443-1445), y el retablo de san Baudilio, de Sant Boi de Llobregat (1448).
Josep Morató i Codina: epíleg d’una nissaga de constructors vigatans. Les seves obres fora vila
Authors: Garganté Llanes Maria
Published: December 2018

La nissaga dels Morató abasta cronològicament des del segle XVII fins al primer quart del segle XIX. Les seves obres i els seus projectes arquitectònics es troben majoritàriament a les comarques més vinculades geogràficament amb la «Catalunya central», com ara (segons els límits administratius actuals) el Bages, l’Anoia i el Solsonès, però també amb projecció més al nord —el Berguedà, el Ripollès, el Rosselló…— i a llevant —el Vallès Oriental i el Maresme—, amb la qual cosa exerceix una influència notable en la consolidació d’un barroc autòcton i d’una forta personalitat.El prestigi dels membres de la família com a mestres de cases es posa de manifest en la gran quantitat d’encàrrecs rebuts sobretot des de l’estament religiós, on les seves obres arribaran a tenir un segell propi, amb una influència destacada en altres constructors del seu temps, però que també es concretarà en obres d’edificació civil, com ara casals senyorials, masies o fins i tot arquitectura hidràulica.El nostre estudi està centrat de manera específica en la figura de Josep Morató i Codina (1748-1826), «l’últim Morató », i per això l’espectre cronològic abasta majoritàriament els anys de la seva activitat. Mitjançant documentació inèdita, majoritàriament extreta dels arxius vigatans, repassem la seva trajectòria fora vila, en l’àmbit més rural, on serà artífex d’edificis —des d’esglésies fins a ponts i masies— que contribuiran a configurar el perfil d’aquest paisatge de la Catalunya interior. La seva producció com a mestre de cases coincideix també amb el procés d’esgotament del barroc català. Amb ell s’acaba l’ofici familiar, però també tot un univers constructiu i, en certa manera, social i religiós.
Entre Madrid, Londres et Berlin : fragments d’un triptyque du Groupe Isenbrant provenant d’Espagne
Authors: Martens Didier
Published: December 2018

Le Musée Lázaro Galdiano de Madrid possède une Vierge à l’Enfant dans un paysage attribuée à un disciple du maître brugeois Adrien Isenbrant (ca 1490-1551) (MLG 3016). Comme l’indique l’absence de bords non peints, le tableau a été découpé sur les quatre côtés. Il s’agit d’un fragment du panneau central d’un retable domestique, qu’il est possible de reconstituer sur la base du triptyque de la Vierge à l’Enfant avec les saintes Catherine et Barbe conservé à Oviedo, une oeuvre du peintre archaïsant anversois Marcellus Coffermans (ca 1525-1581). Deux autres fragments peuvent être identifiés : une Sainte Barbe de la collection Schorr à Londres provient de l’ancien volet droit, une Sainte Catherine, connue uniquement par une photographie des Archives Friedländer à La Haye, est tout ce qui subsiste de l’ancien volet gauche.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Clytrini of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula, with descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Authors: Bezděk Jan
Published: December 2018

Four new species of the tribe Clytrini Kirby, 1837, Labidostomis bcharrensis sp. nov. (Lebanon), Tituboea friedmani sp. nov. (Israel), Tituboea harteni sp. nov. (United Arab Emirates) and Tituboea radeki sp. nov. (Yemen, Oman), and the formerly unknown females of Labidostomis damavandensis Rapilly, 1984 and Saudiclytra wittmeri Medvedev, 1979 are described. The following new synonyms are proposed: Coptocephala coptocephaloides (Lacordaire, 1848) = Coptocephala furthi Medvedev, 1992 syn. nov., Labidostomis rufa (Waltl, 1838) = Labidostomis rufa (Lacordaire, 1848) syn. nov., Tituboea olivieri (Lacordaire, 1848) = Tituboea femoralis Medvedev, 1962 syn. nov., Saudiclytra wittmeri (Medvedev, 1979) = Saudiclytra spinifemorata Medvedev, El Torkey & Al Dhafer, 2014 syn. nov. A neotype is designated for Clythra (Tituboea) olivieri Lacordaire, 1848. Tituboea decemguttata Walker, 1871 is considered as nomen dubium. The variability of the elytral pattern of Afrophthalma arabica (Bryant, 1957) is delimited. New country records and comments on distribution of Clytrini species from the eastern Mediterranean, the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula are presented.
Gender Inequity in African University Engineering Programs
Authors: Fredua-Kwarteng Eric , Effah Catherine
Published: December 2018

African women are grossly underrepresented in undergraduate engineering programs across universities in Africa. This paper reviews policies that some African universities have adopted to address the problem and suggests strategies for greater gender equality.
Backlash Against “Others”
Authors: Rhoades Gary
Published: December 2018

Right wing populist movements are challenging established political parties and institutions, including higher education.  The discourse and platforms of these movements are a nationalistic backlash against elites and “others” that are antithetical to all that universities at their best stand for.  But universities would do well to refocus on class-based inequities that also underlie this shift, in ways that rebalance the global and local.
Making the Gap Year a Reality: Six Issues for Consideration
Authors: Abdullah Doria
Published: December 2018

Starting in 2017, Malaysia has introduced the gap year for students in public universities, where they are given the option to take a year off for industrial training, pursue their interests in the arts, or work on volunteering projects. The intention is for the students to gain exposure, discover their potential and develop intellectually. How might the country make the gap year a meaningful experience for its students? This article offers six issues for consideration.
Brazil’s For-Profit Higher Education Dilemma
Authors: Knobel Marcelo , Verhine Robert
Published: December 2018

Brazil's higher education system is characterized by a relatively small public sector, focused on research-intensive universities, and a huge private sector, which has grown continually since the 1970s due to burgeoning demand. The private sector is now dominated by for-profit institutions which, by definition, seek immediate financial gain rather than the long-term public good. In this article, we discuss current trends with respect to for-profit institutions, giving special attention to the recent creation of mega-establishments through a series of mergers involving both national and international investors. We close by warning of some of the negative implications potentially associated with the country’s dependence on for-profit higher education.
Colombia: Challenges of Fast-Paced Change
Authors: Pacheco Ivan F.
Published: December 2018

The Colombian government has set ambitious goals for higher education reform.  These goals seem to be in the right direction, but implementation could take decades, yet the presidential period will end in less than two years.  It is time to focus the efforts on what is achievable in such short time.
International Branch Campuses—Curiosity or Important Trend?
Authors: Garrett Richard
Published: December 2018

The number of international branch campuses (IBCs) continues to grow—up from 66 between 2011 and 2015, to hit 249 globally. IBCs get a lot of media attention given the out-sized ambition and risk involved, but it is hard to judge long-term significance. Are IBCs curiosities that few universities will ever pursue, or will a global presence define tomorrow's leading institutions? Will the impact of IBCs be marginal and localized or will some institutional brands and prospects be transformed? This article summarizes the latest IBC data from The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education and C-BERT, and looks ahead to a forthcoming report on IBC development and impact.
Ukraine: Endemic Higher Education Corruption
Authors: Denisova-Schmidt Elena , Prytula Yaroslav
Published: December 2018

Based on a survey conducted among 600 students at selected public universities in Lviv, one of the largest Ukrainian cities, this contribution explores the determinants of several forms of student academic dishonesty and provides insights as to which groups of students are more likely to engage in either monetary or nonmonetary corruption.
Uganda: Higher Education Modernization Needed
Authors: Hyuha Mukwanason A.
Published: December 2018

Uganda’s higher education sector has just over 200,000 students, 45 percent of whom are women. These study at 41 institutions, of which 11 are public universities. The private sector is vital and represents 72 percent of the tertiary institutions. Access by the poor is problematic. Since the 1980s, there has been tremendous growth in higher education, resulting from its ever-growing demand. Unfortunately, technical education is neglected and has been declining. Currently, mainly due to underfunding, the sector is declining in terms of quality and physical infrastructure. Hence, as a way forward, it requires overhauling, modernization, rehabilitation, and refocusing.
China and International Student Mobility
Authors: Gao Hang , De Wit Hans
Published: December 2018

China has the objective to receive 500,000 international students at the end of this decade, and is already moving fast in this direction, bypassing Australia, France, and Germany, to become the third destination country after the United States and the United Kingdom in hosting international students. With the current political climate in the main countries hosting international students, China’s perspectives to become a dominant player are more optimistic than a few years ago. Attracting international students and increasing their stay-rate after graduation is becoming a major political strategy at the national level and also for the main cities and provinces, as well as the universities. But, to be sustainable in this effort, China’s higher education system needs to work on the quality of its education and services.
Are International Students “Cash Cows”?
Authors: Choudaha Rahul
Published: December 2018

In search for solutions to overcome financial challenges, higher education institutions have spotted the opportunity of recruiting international students as a new source of cash flow. Many institutions are on a slippery slope of milking international students as cash cows without investing in their success. Institutions must innovate to balance recruitment with reinvestment in student experiences and outcomes.
United States, Europe, and Asia: Diversity in Nobel Prize-Winning Affiliations
Authors: Schlagberger Elisabeth Maria , Bornmann Lutz , Bauer Johann
Published: December 2018

In 2014, the authors examined all 155 Nobel laureates of the preceding 21 years in physics, chemistry, and physiology/medicine and published the results in the journal Scientometrics. Recently, they extended the analysis to Nobel laureates from 1994 to 2016 (n=170). They focused particularly on the institutions (and countries) the Nobel laureates were affiliated with when they made their decisive research for the prize. They also examined when the Nobel laureates obtained their PhD/M.D. and when the Nobel Prize was awarded.
Higher Education Internationalization in Ukraine: Concerns and Hope
Authors: Sikorskaya Irina
Published: December 2018

Internationalization is gradually becoming integrated into the core functions ofUkrainian higher education institutions. Recent developments at the international andnational levels are conducive to enhancing and intensifying the process, but a numberof challenges still prevent it from progressing substantially. There is a call to make aquality shift in embracing internationalization.
Armenia: Cross-Border Higher Education
Authors: Gharibyan Tatevik
Published: December 2018

After independence in 1991, the higher education sector in Armenia started to reshapeautonomously. Many private and transnational educational institutions started to appear on theArmenian educational market and cross-border education gained a tangible popularity. Thisarticle surveys existing cross-border educational institutions in the country and their impact onthe educational landscape.
Anarchy and Exploitation in Scientific Communication
Authors: Altbach Philip G.
Published: December 2018

In the very recent past, scientific publication was largely in the hands of university publishers and nonprofit scientific societies, most of which were controlled by the academic community. This article explores the consequences of anarchy and exploitation in the communication of the scholarly enterprise.
African Private Higher Education: Progressive Policies and Ambivalent Stances
Authors: Tamrat Wondwosen , Teferra Damtew
Published: December 2018

As the global and regional thirst for higher education continues to surge, it is time to think how private higher education institutions (PHEIs) can be groomed to play their roles within an evolving higher education landscape. It is imperative to put in place appropriate policies and legislations, for these institutions to play a key role in socioeconomic development. This article outlines various progressive PHE policies andlegislations across Africa and examines their importance in enhancing the growth of the sector.
The Closing of China? Possible Implications for Universities Worldwide
Authors: Altbach Philip , De Wit Hans
Published: December 2018

Experts have noted that president Xi has amassed the most power since MaoZedong, and seeks long-term authority to carry out his policies. This article examines the possible impacts on higher education -- especially the internationalization of higher education -- in China and beyond.
Are We Facing a Fundamental Challenge to Higher Education Internationalization?
Authors: Altbach Philip , De Wit Hans
Published: December 2018

The global landscape for higher education internationalization is changing dramatically. What one might call “the era of higher education internationalization” might either be finished or, at least, be on life support. In addition to nationalist-populist factors, issues of academic freedom, ethics, the role of English, shifting patterns in student mobility, and concerns about transnational education, are challenging the future of internationalization. The current criticism about the unlimited growth of teaching in English, recruitment of international students and development of branch campuses, is coming from two completely opposite sources. On the one hand, there is the nationalist–populist argument of anti-international and anti-immigration. More relevant is the concern about quality, academic freedom, and ethics in the higher education community itself.
What a Branch Campus Is: A Revised Definition
Authors: Wilkins Stephen , Rumbley Laura
Published: December 2018

Although international branch campuses have become an established part of the cross-border higher education landscape, there is still debate about what an international branch campus actually is. The purpose of this article is to propose a revised definition of “international branch campus” that is clearer and more implementable than existing definitions. To achieve this goal, we considered how the terms “branch” and “campus” are used in business and higher education, and then identified the core features of these campuses.
Competitor Analysis in Egyptian Private Higher Education Sector
Authors: Ayoubi Rami M. , Loutfi Mohamed
Published: December 2018

In this article, the authors introduce the idea of competition in the private higher education sector in Egypt. There are 24 private universities competing for students in Egypt. Based on two criteria, quality and price, the authors classify private profit-oriented universities in Egypt into four categories. They conclude that the current Egyptian government is striving to establish more universities in the high quality–highprice category.
China’s Opportunity: Recommendations for Liberal Arts Innovation
Authors: Godwin Kara A. , Pickus Noah
Published: December 2018

This article is based on CIHE Perspectives No. 8: “Liberal Arts & Sciences Innovation in China: Six Recommendations to Shape the Future,” available in English and Chinese.
Higher Education Journals: An Emerging Field
Authors: Tight Malcolm
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on peer-reviewed academic journals published in English that focus exclusively on higher education. It seeks to address a number of questions: How many are they? What do they focus on? Who owns them? Where are they based? How old are they? How much do they publish? Which are the best? What does the future hold?
The Vanishing Public Monopoly
Authors: Levy Daniel C.
Published: December 2018

A significant aspect of the massive growth of private higher education is the near disappearance of public monopoly. Almost all countries now have both public and private sectors of higher education. The decline of public monopoly has been notable for decades, the demise of Communism providing the most impactfulmoment. The remaining monopoly presence is mostly in small systems, often with rather left-leaning political regimes. In several of these countries, activity to end public monopoly is already underway.
Reconsidering Private Higher Education in Brazil
Authors: De Araújo Filho Targino
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the role of the for-profit private sector in the Brazilian Higher Education System. Emphasizing its hegemony, we consider that the adoption of mercantilist logic has implications for the quality of supply and is leading the sector to be characterized as an oligopoly. Although the National Education Plan predicts an increase in public sector enrollment as massification continues, current economic and political conditions may prevent this expansion, leaving the country in a very delicate situation.
Competitive Strategies of Vietnamese Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Ngoc Do Minh
Published: December 2018

The Higher Educational Reform Agenda (HERA) for the period 2006–2020 is an arduous effort of the Vietnamese government to overhaul the country’s centralized higher educational system, which fails to meet the needs of the country’s market economy and lags far behind international standards. For now, the strategies of Vietnamese universities and colleges are mainly driven by government planning. As theAgenda is nearing its end and tertiary institutions have completed a pilot project from 2014 to 2017 as part of HERA, it is time for Vietnamese higher education institutions to start reflecting on competitive strategies to prepare for necessary changes moving forward, ensuring their sustainable development and existence.
Battle of the Brand: Independent “American” Universities Abroad
Authors: Long Kyle A.
Published: December 2018

Over the past quarter century, dozens of entrepreneurs, academics, clerics, and politicians around the world have established private colleges that brandish the American name. This surge of activity has irritated the historic standard-bearers of American higher education overseas, who worry that bad faith imposters will sully their hard-earned individual and collective reputations. This article describes the challenges posed by coattail riders and identifies other common problems among independent American universities abroad.
Importing Branch Campuses to Advance Egypt’s Development
Authors: Lane Jason E.
Published: December 2018

As Egypt seeks to reposition itself in the international community, one strategy it has adopted is to import academic capital from other countries to bolster its own higher education system and enhance its internationalization efforts. Increasing demand for higher education and vocal government support may be alluring to potential partners; but repressive government policies and an uncertain political environment may make it a risky gamble for foreign universities.
The Thorny Excellence Initiative in India
Authors: Altbach Philip G. , Choudaha Rahul
Published: December 2018

India enrolls 35 million students in its large and complex higher education system. In its ambition to enter world-class university rankings, the government has identified six “Institutions of Eminence.” The case of the “greenfield” Jio Institute exemplifies the thorny policy landscape and expectations of building a high-impact research university.
Repositioning UK Partnerships Post-Brexit
Authors: Highman Ludovic
Published: December 2018

On such divisive issues as EU membership and, consequently, the post-Brexit relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, it is unsurprising that Theresa May’s government has been torn between a “hard” and a “soft” Brexit. As of June 2018, there is still no indication of which approach will prevail, putting at risk UK universities’ participation in the Erasmus+ program, which has provided, among other things, opportunities for over four million Europeans to study, train, and volunteer abroad since its inception. Full access to EU research funds is also at risk. Universities cannot depend on the UK government’s help in securing the frameworks allowing for continuity. In such a context, universities have started to use their limited resources to secure bilateral international and European links to foster research collaboration and staff and student mobility, post-Brexit.
The Consolidation of Chinese Private Higher Education
Authors: Yu Kai
Published: December 2018

China is the world’s largest higher education market, and higher education has become a key area for investment in China. The private higher education industry in the country, which is highly fragmented at the moment, is expected to undergo a wave of consolidation over the next decade, with the objectives of ensuring continued growth and impact, greater efficiency, greater economies of scale, and improved quality, reputation, and competitiveness.
Teaching in Indian Higher Education: Six Principles for Improvement
Authors: Mandal Sayantan
Published: December 2018

While traditional, information-oriented lectures have been the de-facto practice in Indian higher education institutions (HEIs), they are often not effective in imparting learning. There is a need to reform instruction in colleges and universities, focusing on effective teaching and learning methods. As a first step in that direction, a national study of selected public HEIs attempts to assess the current state of teaching by focusing on different teaching practices at the undergraduate and master’s (graduate) levels. The study reflects on issues and challenges and suggests six principles to help improve teaching in Indian college and universities. This is a synthesis of the research, based on empirical evidence.
The Future of American Undergraduate Education
Authors: McPherson Michael S. , Purcell Francesca B.
Published: December 2018

For all of the doubts raised about the benefits of a college education, it delivers on its promises of greater individual and social prosperity. This article provides an overview of work by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences’ Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education Progress, which offers a national strategy to improve the college student experience. It argues that teaching and learning need to be prioritized so that all students have high-quality postsecondary educational experiences that incorporate a blend of liberal arts and vocational skills. Efforts around improving completion rates and making college more affordable need additional action and there are promising practices to lead the way.
Xiamen University Malaysia: A Chinese Branch Campus
Authors: Jie Guo
Published: December 2018

The process of founding Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM) reflects the process of education commercialization, competition, and cooperation in Malaysia, ASEAN, and China. This paper argues that the university participates in this process both as a follower and a challenger.
Hvordan har vi det i dag?
Authors: Obel Carsten , Madsen Kathrine Bang , Poulsen Signe Herbers , Svendsen Katrine
Published: December 2018

Unge i dag er fra tidligt i barndommen blevet vænnet til at blive spurgt om, hvordan de har det. Forældrene spurgte, når de blev hentet i børnehave, de bliver spurgt af forskerne, af undervisningsministeriet, og de spørger derfor også tit sig selv. Historien om at have det godt eller skidt er det centrale omdrejningspunkt for kommunikationen om trivsel både i pressen, på de sociale medier og i samfundet i øvrigt og er med til at skabe en uhensigtsmæssig bekymringskultur. Denne hedoniske, selvcentrerede tilgang var moderne i ’well being’-forskningen for et halvt århundrede siden, men givet den mellemliggende udvikling i forståelsen af mental sundhed er der grund til at udfolde begrebet med andre perspektiver og udvikle et fælles sprog for mental sundhed. I artiklen argumenterer vi med udgangspunkt i resiliens-tilgangen for, at der er behov for at flytte fokus fra egen umiddelbare tilfredsstillelse til at vurdere børn og unges funktion i forskellige sociale kontekster. Vi understreger samtidigt nødvendigheden af, at styrke børn og unges robusthed ved at udsætte dem for mindre mængder af stress gennem opvæksten indenfor kontrollerede rammer. Oplevelser med meningsfyldt stress kan fungere som en mental pendant til børnevaccination og ruste dem til fremtidens udfordringer.
La santé des francophones en situation minoritaire au coeur de nos actions
Authors: Cardinal Dominique , Borris Caroline , Pinet Bernard , Leclair Flavie
Published: December 2018

Au Canada, plus d’un million de francophones habitent à l’extérieur du Québec, parmi lesquels 35 % rapportent avoir peu ou aucunement accès à des services de santé dans leur langue (Gagnon-Arpin, et collab., 2014). En vue de contrer les défis de la santé dans les communautés francophones en situation minoritaire (CFSM), le Consortium national de formation en santé — Volet Université d’Ottawa a développé plusieurs pratiques prometteuses en matière de soutien aux futurs étudiants et étudiantes, à la population étudiante inscrite aux programmes ciblés par le CNFS ainsi qu’aux professionnelles et professionnels, chercheuses et chercheurs du domaine de la santé. Divers programmes sont mis à profit pour soutenir la génération et la diffusion des connaissances. Ces initiatives ainsi que leurs retombées positives méritent l’attention de tous les partenaires qui ont à coeur la santé des francophones.
Winter temperature predicts prolonged diapause in pine processionary moth across its geographic range
Authors: Salman Md H.R. , Bonsignore Carmelo P. , El Alaoui El Fels My Ahmed , Giomi Folco , Hodar José A. , Laparie Mathieu , Marini Lorenzo , Merel Cécile , Zalucki Myron P. , Zamoum Mohamed , Battisti Andrea
Published: December 2018

Prolonged diapause occurs in a number of insects and is interpreted as a way to evade adverse conditions. The winter pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa and Th. wilkinsoni) are important pest of pines and cedars in the Mediterranean region. They are typically univoltine, with larvae feeding across the winter, pupating in spring in the soil and emerging as adults in summer. Pupae may, however, enter a prolonged diapause with adults emerging one or more years later. We tested the effect of spatial variation in winter temperature on the incidence of prolonged diapause, using a total of 64 individual datasets related to insect cohorts over the period 1964-2015 for 36 sites in 7 countries, covering most of the geographic range of the species. We found high variation in prolonged diapause incidence over the species’ range. Insect cohorts exposed to average winter temperatures lower than 0°C were associated with higher prolonged diapause incidence than cohorts exposed to intermediate temperatures. Prolonged diapause may represent a risk-spreading strategy although it is associated with high mortality because of a longer exposure to mortality factors, desiccation, and energy depletion. Climate change, and in particular the increase of winter temperature, may reduce the incidence of prolonged diapause at the colder sites whereas it may increase it at the warmer ones, with consequences on the population dynamics.
Talonavicular Dislocation—What Lies Beneath?
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis , Symeonidis Panagiotis D. , Polyzos Dimitrios , Antonarakos Petros , Givissis Panagiotis , Dimitriou Christos
Published: December 2018

Background:

The talonavicular joint is a rare site of dislocation. Its etiology varies and can be the result of either acute trauma or a chronic degenerative process that most commonly occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or Charcot arthropathy. Our aim is to highlight the relationship between the underlying pathology of talonavicular dislocations and the final outcome in the case of operative management.

Methods:

We present three cases of talonavicular dislocation with the dislocation itself as the only common denominator, and a completely different etiology, natural history, treatment, and prognosis among them.

Results:

There was one case of a traumatic talocalcaneonavicular dislocation in a healthy individual, one case in a rheumatoid arthritis patient, and one case in a patient with diabetes mellitus. All patients were treated surgically. The outcomes were excellent, fair, and poor, respectively.

Conclusions:

Among many factors that influence prognosis, it is equally critical to evaluate the overall background in which the dislocation occurs so as to apply the suitable treatment. The surgeon not only needs to treat the local incident but also appreciate the general medical condition to provide the best final outcome to the patient.
Endothelial-specific FoxO1 depletion prevents obesity-related disorders by increasing vascular metabolism and growth
Authors: Rudnicki Martina , Abdifarkosh Ghoncheh , Nwadozi Emmanuel , Ramos Sofhia V , Makki Armin , Sepa-Kishi Diane M , Ceddia Rolando B , Perry Christopher GR , Roudier Emilie , Haas Tara L
Published: December 2018

Impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms restricting angiogenesis within this context remain ill-defined. Here, we demonstrate that induced endothelial-specific depletion of the transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) in male mice led to increased vascular density in adipose tissue. Upon high-fat diet feeding, endothelial cell FoxO1-deficient mice exhibited even greater vascular remodeling in the visceral adipose depot, which was paralleled with a healthier adipose tissue expansion, higher glucose tolerance and lower fasting glycemia concomitant with enhanced lactate levels. Mechanistically, FoxO1 depletion increased endothelial proliferative and glycolytic capacities by upregulating the expression of glycolytic markers, which may account for the improvements at the tissue level ultimately impacting whole-body glucose metabolism. Altogether, these findings reveal the pivotal role of FoxO1 in controlling endothelial metabolic and angiogenic adaptations in response to high-fat diet and a contribution of the endothelium to whole-body energy homeostasis.
Characterization of bacterioplankton communities and quantification of organic carbon pools off the Galapagos Archipelago under contrasting environmental conditions
Authors: Guevara Campoverde Nataly Carolina , Hassenrück Christiane , Buttigieg Pier Luigi , Gärdes Astrid
Published: December 2018

Bacteria play a crucial role in the marine carbon cycle, contributing to the production and degradation of organic carbon. Here, we investigated organic carbon pools, aggregate formation, and bacterioplankton communities in three contrasting oceanographic settings in the Galapagos Archipelago. We studied a submarine CO2 vent at Roca Redonda (RoR), an upwelling site at Bolivar Channel (BoC) subjected to a weak El Niño event at the time of sampling in October 2014, as well as a site without volcanic or upwelling influence at Cowley Islet (CoI). We recorded physico-chemical parameters, and quantified particulate and dissolved organic carbon, transparent exopolymeric particles, and the potential of the water to form larger marine aggregates. Free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities were assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both RoR and BoC exhibited temperatures elevated by 1–1.5 °C compared to CoI. RoR further experienced reduced pH between 6.8 and 7.4. We observed pronounced differences in organic carbon pools at each of the three sites, with highest dissolved organic carbon concentrations at BoC and RoR, and highest particulate organic carbon concentrations and aggregate formation at BoC. Bacterioplankton communities at BoC were dominated by opportunistic copiotrophic taxa, such as Alteromonas and Roseobacter, known to thrive in phytoplankton blooms, as opposed to oligotrophic taxa dominating at CoI, such as members of the SAR11 clade. Therefore, we propose that bacterial communities were mainly influenced by the availability of organic carbon at the investigated sites. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of organic carbon pools and bacterioplankton communities, highlighting the high heterogeneity of various components of the marine carbon cycle around the Galapagos Archipelago.