bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguistic adaptation and psychometric properties of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale among a heterogeneous sample of adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Kilincaslan Ayse , Gunes Adem , Eskin Mehmet , Madan Alok
Published: July 2018

Objective

The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale is a semistructured, interview-based assessment tool, which is increasingly being used for clinical and research purposes across the globe, despite its limited psychometric evaluation outside of English-speaking populations. The aim of this study was to linguistically adapt the measure and investigate reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Turkish version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale in a heterogeneous sample of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric outpatient adolescents.

Method

The study included four clinical groups: two psychiatric, nonsuicidal outpatient groups (depression group (N = 50) and nondepression group (N = 50)), suicidal group (N = 43), and nonpsychiatric general practitioners’ group (N = 70). All participants were interviewed with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale and suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents. They also completed the Suicide Probability Scale, Child Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and their parents filled in the Child Behavior Checklist.

Results

The scale was found to be a solidly reliable measure with good internal consistency and agreement among interviewers. It correlated in the expected direction with self- and parent-report measures of associated constructs (e.g., depression) as well as suicidality. Consistent with the developers’ intent of theoretical subscales, a three-factor solution (i.e., the severity of suicidal ideation, the intensity of suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior) fit the data well, and it fit the data significantly better than the alternative models. Last, the Turkish Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale successfully discriminated the adolescents with a recent history of suicide attempts from other clinical groups.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess suicide risk among adolescents.
Which PCL-R Scores Best Predict Forensic Clinicians’ Opinions of Offender Risk?
Authors: Gardner Brett O. , Boccaccini Marcus T. , Murrie Daniel C.
Published: July 2018

The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) is widely used in assessments of violence risk and sexual recidivism risk. Research consistently reveals Factor 2 (Lifestyle/Antisocial Behavior) scores are more reliable and predictive than Factor 1 (Interpersonal/Affective) scores in assessing recidivism risk. Nevertheless, interpersonal-affective offender traits more strongly influence sentencing decisions among mock jurors. We examined PCL-R and Static-99R scores evaluators ( N = 99) assigned to three sexual offenders, and the association between these scores and evaluators’ ratings of offender risk (i.e., likelihood of reoffense). Findings suggest that risk ratings were more strongly associated with the personality features assessed by Factor 1 scores than with the antisocial behaviors assessed by Factor 2 scores, even though research reveals the latter are more relevant to risk. Specifically, evaluator perceptions of interpersonal traits (i.e., Facet 1) emerged as the primary determinant of risk judgments, whereas offenders’ antisocial histories (i.e., Facet 4) were not associated with any judgments.
Strangers in Strained Lands: Learning From Workplace Experiences of Immigrant Employees
Authors: Harrison David A. , Harrison Teresa , Shaffer Margaret A.
Published: July 2018

Immigrants have become an important source of talent as well as a flash point for conflict in many countries. Alongside established streams of research on immigrants in other disciplines, we hope to galvanize interest among management scholars, particularly about immigrant employees. We begin by observing the identity and status changes undergone by immigrants relative to their standing in their origin country and the persistent insecurity they feel as they work and live in their destination country. We then expound on other microlevel research topics and literatures that are especially relevant to the experiences and contributions of immigrant employees: creativity and voice, diversity, coworker and supervisor support and antagonism, and social network structures. These ideas are presented to help generate broader and more active research agendas among management scholars that include such immigrant employee experiences and contributions and to promote partnerships with organizations to test interventions for integrating immigrants more fully into the workplace.
Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment for treatment of paediatric lichen sclerosus: a case series and literature review
Authors: Mazzilli Sara , Diluvio Laura , Di Prete Monia , Rossi Piero , Orlandi Augusto , Bianchi Luca , Campione Elena
Published: July 2018

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness and tolerability of topical tacrolimus in paediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS). We examined whether there was improvement of the most problematic symptoms, such as itching, pain, and vulvar constipation.

Methods

Ten girls, aged from 4 to 9 years old who were affected by vulvar LS, were enrolled in an open clinical study to confirm the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to treat LS. Tacrolimus was applied twice a day for 6 weeks and then stopped during the follow-up period. The study duration included 6 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up. A literature search of the PubMed (MEDLINE) database was conducted of reports published since 1 January, 2004.

Results

Our study and previous studies indicated the potential effectiveness of tacrolimus in LS. Treatment with topical tacrolimus was well tolerated with significant improvement of itching, pain, and constipation.

Conclusion

Tacrolimus may be a safe and effective alternative treatment, without the risk of corticosteroid-related vulvar atrophy, for paediatric vulvar LS. LS could become a further indication of topical tacrolimus therapy if these promising results are confirmed in the future.
Medial versus lateral approach to harvesting of anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Xie Ren-Guo
Published: July 2018

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate two classic procedures guided by anatomic markers for harvesting the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap: one began with an incision on the lateral side to identify perforators emerging from the muscle to the superficial tissue and to track the perforators upward to the upper stem vessel, and the other began with an incision on the medial side to identify the vessel branch from the stem artery and to track it downward to the flap perforators.

Methods

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with tissue defects repaired with ALT flaps were investigated; 13 and 15 patients underwent the lateral and medial incision technique, respectively. The surgeon’s subjective view regarding procedural difficulty and the operative times were statistically analyzed.

Results

All flaps were harvested successfully. A two-paddle flap from one thigh in the medial group failed due to necrosis; all others survived completely. Subjectively, harvesting of flaps starting with a lateral incision was somewhat difficult, and the operative time was significantly longer using the lateral technique.

Conclusions

Classic procedures to harvest the anterolateral thigh flap are still practicable, and starting with a medial incision is more efficient than starting with a lateral incision. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV.
Post-traumatic occipital psoriatic plaque complicated by extensive necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ţenţ Paul Andrei , Juncar Mihai , Mureșan Ovidiu , Arghir Oana Cristina , Iliescu Dan Marcel , Onișor Florin
Published: July 2018

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe infection involving the superficial fascial layers, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and possibly skin. It usually has a fulminant evolution, rapidly leading to death in the absence of early diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment. We herein report a rare case of NF secondary to a traumatized occipital psoriatic plaque in an alcoholic 47-year-old woman and compare this case with the published literature. The NF extended to the entire scalp, right face, and posterior and lateral cervical region. Despite the initially guarded prognosis, the patient’s survival emphasizes the importance of aggressive surgical treatment with wide excision of all necrotic structures without any aesthetic compromise.
Developing Priority Index for Managing Utility Disruptions in Urban Areas with Focus on Cascading and Interdependent Effects
Authors: Balakrishnan Srijith , Zhang Zhanmin
Published: July 2018

Unanticipated events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, and so forth, could cause prolonged disruptions in major utility service networks including, for example, water and electricity, in urban areas. Owing to the presence of complex interdependencies among infrastructure systems in an urban network, the disruption of one system may trigger a chain of events that degrades the proper functioning of several other dependent systems. Consequently, many parts of the city may not have access to multiple utility services and amenities. Identifying the most vulnerable communities exposed to such utility disruptions is key to performing immediate relief operations. In this paper, the concept of Priority Index, introduced as a measure of the susceptibility of communities to the event, is presented to rank urban regions based on the extent of the impact of disruptions (both cascading and interdependent impacts) caused by an event, as well as the social vulnerability of communities. Agent-based models are employed to simulate the consequences of a disruptive event on a semi-realistic urban infrastructure network. Later, the extent of impact on communities is evaluated using the simulation results and the American Community Survey data. The proposed Priority Index could help city administrations and utility service agencies identify the regions in a city that require immediate attention after a disruptive event occurs in the infrastructure network. A case study based on a semi-realistic infrastructure network in Austin, Texas is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the concept of Priority Index and the methodological framework.
Current State of Biodiversity Impact Analysis in State Transportation Agencies
Authors: Herbstritt Robert L. , Marble Anne D.
Published: July 2018

Because transportation projects have the potential to affect local and regional biodiversity, it is likely that the evaluation of impacts on biodiversity will become an increasingly important issue in the planning process. Transportation Research Board's Task Force on Natural Resources conducted a survey of state transportation agencies in early 1995. Its intention was to determine the current state of biodiversity analysis in the transportation community, the extent to which biodiversity is becoming an emerging issue for state departments of transportation, and how the issue is being managed.
On the estimation and optimization capabilities of the fatigue life prediction models in composite laminates
Authors: Deveci H Arda , Artem H Seçil
Published: July 2018

In this study, the estimation and optimization capabilities of the multiaxial fatigue life prediction models, namely, Failure Tensor Polynomial in Fatigue, Fawaz–Ellyin, Sims–Brogdon and Shokrieh–Taheri are investigated comparatively. Fatigue life predictions are obtained for multidirectional graphite/epoxy, glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and carbon/PEEK composite laminate data taken from the literature. The prediction study shows that the models can predict the fatigue behavior of the multidirectional laminates at different degrees of proximity. In the optimization, a hybrid algorithm combining particle swarm algorithm and generalized pattern search algorithm is used to search the optimum stacking sequence designs of the laminated composites for maximum fatigue life. The hybrid algorithm shows superior performance in terms of computational time and finding improved global optima compared to the best results presented in the literature. After the capability of the models and the reliability of the algorithm are revealed, several lay-up design problems involving different cyclic loading scenarios are solved. The results indicate that the reliability of the optimization may considerably change according to the used model even if the model may yield reasonable prediction results.
Management of municipal solid waste in Croatia: Analysis of current practices with performance benchmarking against other European Union member states
Authors: Traven Luka , Kegalj Igor , Šebelja Iva
Published: July 2018

The European Commission has adopted a very ambitious circular economy package and has consequently revised many legislative proposals on waste. The new targets include achieving a recycling rate of 65% by 2030 and imposing a cap on landfilled waste to no more than 10% (as a percentage of weight). Using available European and national databases on municipal solid waste indicators, we have analysed municipal solid waste production trends for Croatia and have benchmarked the indicators against other EU member states and EU averages. Our analysis points out that the production of municipal solid waste has steadily risen over the last two decades. Although Croatia produces a relatively low amount of municipal solid waste compared with other EU countries and EU averages, gross domestic product adjusted waste production reveals that for every euro of gross domestic product Croatia produces substantial amounts of municipal solid waste. As a matter of fact, among all the EU member states, only Bulgaria had a worse performance than Croatia. Regarding recycling rates, Croatia recycles 15% of its municipal solid waste and incinerates approximately 3% (by weight). The rest (82% by weight) is currently being landfilled. Regarding the treatment of waste, Croatia has implemented mechanical–biological treatment technology, but our analysis reveals that the initial number of mechanical–biological treatment plants will likely have to be scaled down taking into consideration the new EU waste management targets.
Intoxicated But Not Incapacitated: Are There Effective Methods to Assist Juries in Interpreting Evidence of Voluntary Complainant Intoxication in Cases of Rape?
Authors: Nitschke Faye T. , Masser Barbara M. , McKimmie Blake M. , Riachi Maddison
Published: July 2018

Jurors often negatively evaluate complainants making allegations of rape when those complainants were intoxicated at the time of the assault. It is, therefore, essential that legal practitioners have effective methods of ensuring that jurors use evidence of intoxication for the legally permissible purpose, which is to determine the complainant’s cognitive capacity to consent. This study examines whether providing judicial instructions about how jurors should make use of complainant intoxication evidence assists jurors to use this evidence appropriately. University students ( N = 212) read a case synopsis of an Australian criminal trial in which the complainant described experiencing mild or moderate levels of cognitive impairment due to alcohol consumption. Participants were then given a standard instruction about using the evidence of the complainant’s intoxication or one that provided an upper decision limit for determining complainant cognitive capacity (providing inference support). As expected, presenting evidence about the complainant’s alcohol-impaired cognitive state attenuated participants’ negative perceptions of the complainant. The judicial instructions also assisted participants as they evaluated a moderately intoxicated complainant as less capable of consenting when participants received an instruction that supported the correct inference to draw from the evidence compared to a standard instruction. However, parallel mediation analysis showed that rape schemas mediated the relationship between perceived complainant capacity to consent and perceptions of defendant guilt. Judicial instructions that support perceivers’ inferences may assist participants to more appropriately evaluate information about complainants’ intoxication, however problematically, rape schemas still influenced decisions about defendant guilt.
Does Ownership Matter in the Selection of Service Providers? Evidence From Nursing Home Consumer Surveys
Authors: Ben-Ner Avner , Hamann Darla J. , Ren Ting
Published: July 2018

This study considers the role of ownership in consumer choice of service providers in mixed-ownership industries. First, it analyzes theoretically consumer search in the face of severe asymmetric information about important service attributes in a market where nonprofit, for-profit, and local government providers coexist. Second, the article distinguishes between two consumer decision strategies, traditional search for information, and using ownership as a signal of quality. Third, the article analyzes an original data set about nursing homes and their customers (residents and their families). We found that (a) despite empirical evidence showing that nonprofit nursing homes are of higher quality, consumers who use ownership status in their search were more likely to choose for-profit organizations; (b) better educated consumers are more likely to choose nonprofit over for-profit organizations; (c) consumers who search more in-depth and who find information about nursing home lobbies less important for selection are more likely to choose homes that are nonprofit. The choice of local government–owned homes is based on a process that resembles weakly the process used to choose nonprofit homes more than for-profit homes.
Modelling and evaluation of the hunting behaviour of a high-speed railway vehicle on curved track
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Rastogi Vikas , Pathak PM
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, rail transport is a very important part of the transportation network for any countries. The demand for high operational speed makes hunting a very common instability problem in railway vehicles. Hunting leads to discomfort and causes physical damage to carriage components, such as wheels, rails, etc. The causes of instability and derailment should be identified and eliminated at the designing stage of a train to ensure its safe operation. In most of the earlier studies on hunting behaviour, a simplified model with a lower degree of freedom were considered, which resulted in incorrect results in some instances. In this study, a complete bond graph model of a railway vehicle with 31 degrees of freedom is presented to determine the response of a high-speed railway vehicle. For this purpose, two wheel–rail contacts grounded on a flange contact and Kalker’s linear creep theory are implemented. The model is simulated to observe the effects of suspension elements on the vehicle’s critical hunting velocity. It is observed that the critical hunting speed is extremely sensitive to the primary longitudinal and lateral springs. Other primary and secondary springs and dampers also affect the critical speed to some extent. However, the critical hunting velocity is insensitive to vertical suspension elements for both the primary and secondary suspensions. Also, the critical speed is found to be inversely related to the conicity of the wheel.
In consensus we trust? Persuasive effects of scientific consensus communication
Authors: Chinn Sedona , Lane Daniel S. , Hart Philip S.
Published: July 2018

Scholars have recently suggested that communicating levels of scientific consensus (e.g. the percentage of scientists who agree about human-caused climate change) can shift public opinion toward the dominant scientific opinion. Initial research suggested that consensus communication effectively reduces public skepticism. However, other research failed to find a persuasive effect for those with conflicting prior beliefs. This study enters this contested space by experimentally testing how different levels of consensus shape perceptions of scientific certainty. We further examine how perceptions of certainty influence personal agreement and policy support. Findings indicate that communicating higher levels of consensus increases perceptions of scientific certainty, which is associated with greater personal agreement and policy support for non-political issues. We find some suggestive evidence that this mediated effect is moderated by participants’ overall trust in science, such that those with low trust in science fail to perceive higher agreement as indicative of greater scientific certainty.
Communicative consent in New South Wales: Considering Lazarus v R
Authors: Monaghan James , Mason Gail
Published: July 2018

In this article, we consider the influence of the communicative model of consent in New South Wales. After outlining the model, we argue that it stood behind 2007 reforms to the law of sexual assault in New South Wales. Then, we analyse a recent appellate decision, Lazarus v R [2016] NSWCCA 52, asking whether the communicative ideals that underpinned the 2007 amendments are evident in the legal discourses in the judgments. We argue that communicative ideals remain under-realised in the discourses.
The Northern Territory’s adult guardianship scheme: Depriving the vulnerable of a voice
Authors: McLaren Sage Alistair
Published: July 2018

On 28 July 2016, a new adult guardianship scheme commenced in the Northern Territory, adopting the tribunal model common to the rest of the country and establishing an independent guardian of last resort. However, the overall impact of the changes has taken the Territory further from compliance with international norms, deprived vulnerable persons of the right to representation and weakened the structural independence of the responsible tribunal. Aboriginal Territorians, disproportionately represented in the guardianship system, have been especially disadvantaged by the ‘streamlined’ process and removal of access to legal representation. Urgent reforms are needed to bring the Territory closer into line with international law and domestic best practice.
Cooperating Teachers’ Perceptions of Hosting and Mentoring Music Student Teachers
Authors: Snell Alden H. , Wilson Jill , Cruse Carolyn S.
Published: July 2018

Researchers have demonstrated the importance of professional development experiences for in-service music educators that are content-specific and that cultivate meaningful partnerships with higher education faculty and preservice music teachers. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to explore cooperating teachers’ perceptions related to hosting and mentoring student teachers. We interviewed 13 cooperating teachers to document their views. Based on interview results, we created and distributed an online questionnaire, with 102 cooperating teachers from five U.S. regions responding. Cooperating teachers’ motives for hosting student teachers were largely altruistic, and they identified various student teacher skills and university supervisor supports as being important. We suggest that the immersive experience of serving as a cooperating teacher may be a form of professional development.
Enteroplication in cats with intussusception: a retrospective study (2001–2016)
Authors: Haider Georg , Leschnik Katharina , Katic Nikola , Dupré Gilles
Published: July 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to report complications, as well as short- and long-term clinical outcomes of cats suffering from surgically reduced intussusception with and without enteroplication.

Methods

Medical records of cats presented at our institution with intussusception between 2001 and 2016 were reviewed. The following data were retrieved: signalment; history; physical examination; diagnostic imaging, surgical and histological findings; and outcomes. Animals were grouped as with or without enteroplication. Duration of surgery, survival, complication and recurrence rates, duration of hospitalisation, and short- and long-term outcomes were compared.

Results

Cats with intussusception presented with unspecific type and duration of clinical signs. Male or male castrated cats and Maine Coons were over-represented in both groups. Enteroplication was performed in 48% (10/21) of the cats. Cats in the enteroplication group were significantly younger than those in the non-enteroplication group ( P = 0.023). Duration of surgery, time of hospitalisation, complication rate and outcomes did not differ between the two groups. Two complications in the short term and one complication in the long term were possibly associated with enteroplication. A recurrence of intussusception was seen in 2/17 cats approximately 12 months after initial surgery, both previously treated with enteroplication.

Conclusions and relevance

Although the number of cases was limited, our results suggest that enteroplication should be cautiously performed in cats with intussusception as it may be associated with major complications in the short and long term, and its efficacy remains unclear. Based on this study, the need for enteroplication in cats following a correction of intussusception could be questioned.
Mechanical buckling analyses of sandwich annular plates with functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite face sheets resting on elastic foundation based on the higher-order shear deformation plate theory
Authors: Torabi J , Ansari R , Hasrati E
Published: July 2018

The main objective of this article is to analyze the buckling of sandwich annular plates with carbon nanotube-reinforced face sheets subjected to in-plane mechanical loading resting on the elastic foundation. It is assumed that the sandwich plate is composed of the homogeneous core layer and two functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite face sheets. The effective material properties of the functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite face sheets are estimated using the modified rule of mixture method. The higher-order shear deformation theory along with the variational differential quadrature method is employed to derive the governing equations. To this end, the quadratic form of energy functional of the structure is derived based on higher-order shear deformation theory which is directly discretized using numerical differential and integral operators. The validity of the proposed numerical approach is first shown and the effects of various parameters are then investigated on the buckling of sandwich annular plates. It was found that the elastic foundation coefficients, type of distribution of carbon nanotubes, inner-to-outer radius ratio and core-to-face sheet thickness ratio play important roles in the stability of the structure. Furthermore, the numerical results of the higher- and first-order shear deformation theories are compared.
Investigation of sandwich composite failure under three-point bending: Simulation and experimental validation
Authors: Anandan Sudharshan , Dhaliwal Gurjot , Ganguly Shouvik , Chandrashekhara K
Published: July 2018

A sandwich structure consists of a two thin and strong facesheets, bonded to a thick lightweight core material. The mechanical response of a sandwich structure depends on the properties of its constituents. A numerical model and experimental validation of the three-point bending test of sandwich composites are presented in this study. The core material is aluminum honeycomb. The facesheets are made of IM7/Cycom5320-1, which is a carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg system. A comprehensive model of the failure under flexural loading was developed. Facesheet failure was modeled using Hashin’s failure criteria. A detailed meso-scale model of the honeycomb core was included in the model. The experiments indicated that failure initiation was due to local buckling in the honeycomb core. Failure propagation was in the form of core failure, facesheet compressive failure, and interlaminar failure. The developed meso-scale model was able to accurately simulate failure initiation and propagation in the composite sandwich structure. The effect of elevated temperature on the three-point bending behavior was studied numerically as well as experimentally. An increase in test temperature to 100°C resulted in a drop of 9.2% in flexural strength, which was also predicted by the numerical model.
Cannulation with sharp or blunt needles for haemodialysis: The importance of cannulation technique for the patient’s lifeline
Authors: Staaf Karin , Uhlin Fredrik
Published: July 2018

Background:

Haemodialysis requires a vascular access, most commonly an arteriovenous fistula, which many patients consider a lifeline. It is important to select a cannulation technique assuring a low number of complications. Buttonhole cannulation using sharp needles is a common technique, but information is scarce regarding its long-term consequences. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the choice of cannulation technique – buttonhole with sharp or blunt needles – affected the development of arteriovenous fistula complications.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed medical records from 2008 to 2015, including 49 patients and 52 AVFs. We compared the complications in patients cannulated with the buttonhole technique using sharp needles versus blunt needles.

Results:

The recorded complications were grouped into major and everyday complications. Although major complications were not significantly more frequent with sharp needles than with blunt needles, there were higher numbers of bleedings between dialyses with sharp needles. In addition, everyday complications (e.g. infiltration, oozing and large scabs) were significantly more frequent with sharp needles than blunt needles. Moreover, patients with multiple everyday complications had a higher probability of experiencing a major complication with sharp needles.

Conclusion:

More frequent cannulation with blunt needles can reduce the rate of everyday complications. This practice may additionally reduce patient suffering and the incidence of major complications.
The civility of strangers? Caste, ethnicity, and living together in postwar Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika
Published: July 2018

The question asked by this article is as follows: How do different kinds of people live together in a hierarchical world that has been challenged and transformed through the leveling effects of deep ethnicization and war? I examine two different kinds of relationships in contemporary postwar Jaffna: first, an inter-ethnic, external Tamil/Muslim division that has led to people relating to each other as categorical strangers; and second, an intra-ethnic, internal caste relationship through which different castes relate to each other as intimate strangers. These inter-ethnic and intra-caste distinctions have been forged through recent histories of violence and struggle, and indicate key tensions and transformations around postwar life on the Jaffna peninsula, part of the former warzone during the Sri Lankan civil war and long considered the ideological heart of Tamil nationalism. When ethnic mobilization—the possibility of egalitarian mutuality and solidarity as well as the pain, trauma and sacrifice of war, and ethnic cleansing—emerges within deeply hierarchical worlds that continually produce modes of distinction, what kinds of struggles arise within inter-ethnic and intra-caste relations? Given that public life is historically built on unequal participation, and that living together has been a historical struggle, we need to ask how we understand the particular embedded civilities that have made living together such a problem over time. Rather than see civility as an abstract code of prescriptions in relation to the maintenance of non-violent order, I suggest that it is possible to see different modalities of civility produced with regard to specific others/strangers. These modalities can conflict with each other, given that civility can be either hierarchically produced or governed by an egalitarian drive toward public forms of dignity and equality. I propose that civility has a social location, discourses, and understandings in hierarchical worlds that are necessarily different depending on who is speaking.
Trashing violence/recycling civility: Buenos Aires’ scavengers and everyday forms of democracy in the wake of neoliberalism
Authors: Forment Carlos A
Published: July 2018

The various progressive and conservative governments that administered Buenos Aires from the 1990s onward implemented strikingly similar policies that were aimed at transforming the city and metropolitan region into a market-centered society. Their policies caused a record number of citizens to lose their jobs in the formal sector and to become scavengers almost overnight. As they crisscrossed daily the city’s neighborhoods gathering paper, plastic and other recyclable materials, these socially stigmatized, politically disenfranchised and economically pauperized scavengers practiced civility from below with many neighborhood residents from all walks of life in civil society and, occasionally, with municipal officials and members of one or another environmental NGO and waste disposal company in political society. In dialogue with Norbert Elias’s and Cheshire Calhoun’s accounts of liberal civility, and Etienne Balibar’s revisionist conception of radical civility, my study discusses them from the perspective of Buenos Aires’ waste pickers.
Introduction: Whose civility?
Authors: Thiranagama Sharika , Kelly Tobias , Forment Carlos
Published: July 2018

This article is an introduction to this special issue on civility. It asks what can anthropological insights contribute to debates about civility? We propose to understand civility as a “worldly concept.” We mean this in two senses. First, it is a concept that has traction in the world: a concern with civility and incivility can be found equally in public debate as in academic work. Second, civility is worldly in a more Arendtian sense. For Hannah Arendt, politics is about what it is between people – to act politically means to construct and enter a space which allows multiple people to be present. Civility is a concept that involves talking about how people relate to each other within non-familial settings and where people are fundamentally different from each other. We use the concept of civility as a lens that allows us to focus on moments where people try to understand what respect and restraint for each other might mean in the face of potential, and maybe radical, disagreement. In this introduction we begin to explore the key theoretical issues associated with civility, in order to examine the ways anthropology can benefit from these debates, as well as contribute to them. In particular, we ask the following questions: When do claims of civility move from a conservative stifling dissent to a radical call for change? When does civility move from being conformist to dissenting, and what are its limits? What are the specific histories that mark the ways in which people are civil or uncivil to one another? What are the cultural codes through which civility is expressed and understood?
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from highly flexible cantilever beam
Authors: Fallahpasand Sam , Dardel Morteza
Published: July 2018

In many studies, linear or small deflections according to Von Karman strain model are used for energy harvesting of beam’s structures. Analyses of these types are not reliable when deformations become large. In this work, an integro-differential equation of highly flexible cantilever beam with a piezoelectric layer is presented. The harvester is composed of a thin flexible beam with attached piezoceramic which undergoes large deformations. Periodic and chaotic oscillations and their effects on the quality of harvesting energy procedure are investigated. The obtained results showed that chaotic oscillations improve energy harvesting. This means that large deflections in high-flexible electromechanical systems let harvester to gather more energy from the external source in a much wider frequency domain. Fast Fourier transform shows the emerging lots of resonance peaks in the chaotic region, which give cascade of resonances for this highly nonlinear beam. Moreover, it is discussed how this mechanism and its frequency characteristics enhances the quality and quantity of energy harvesting. The present study show how increasing the flexibility of structure can lead to high deflection and obtaining broadband energy harvesting with better energy harvesting characteristics.
A study of the distribution of marine incidents in the harbours and waters surrounding Taiwan
Authors: Chou Chien-Chang , Li Ren-Fu , Su Yuh-Ling , Tsai Chaur-Luh , Chang Ki-Yin
Published: July 2018

This research aims to discover information underlying the historical records of marine incidents in order to develop an effective marine traffic management system and rescue resource allocation system in the harbours and waters surrounding Taiwan. Data were collected from the official records of the Taiwanese Ministry of Transportation and Communications and the Coast Guard Administration of Taiwan. Data analysis and Google Earth were utilized to determine the locations of the occurred incidents. The results revealed that on an annual basis, the proportion of marine incidents outside of harbours was much higher than the incidents that took place within harbours. The results also showed that the rate of increase for marine incidents significantly decreased outside of harbours, but increased within harbours, both for commercial vessels and fishing boats from 2005 to 2009. Certain events, such as collisions/contacts, groundings/standings, mechanical malfunctions/failures, and fires/explosions accounted for more than half of the occurred accidents. Finally, the identification of incident locations provides visual evidence to elucidate precisely where the problems are and where rescue resources should be optimally allocated. Recommendations and implications for marine traffic management policy were discussed.
Developing Leaders for International Baccalaureate World Schools
Authors: Calnin Gerard , Waterson Mark , Richards Sue , Fisher Darlene
Published: July 2018

A significant corpus of research now consistently confirms that school leadership is the second most important in-school variable to impact on student outcomes. Investing in leaders and aspiring leaders is therefore an imperative for schools and school systems. However, much of the educational leadership research emerges from national systems of education, with a largely Western set of norms and assumptions. To what extent, it can be asked, are the attributes and capabilities described in the literature applicable on a more universal or global scale? A paucity of research addresses this question and explores educational leadership in trans-national and multi-cultural settings.

The International Baccalaureate (IB), with its 4500 schools in more than 135 countries, has responded to the challenge of developing leaders for its schools (known as IB World Schools). Regardless of the strength of research within particular national or cultural contexts, the IB’s complex and globally dispersed school network means that leaders cannot be expected to follow a single model or paradigm of leadership practice. The IB acknowledges that effective leadership takes into account the environment within which leaders work. At the heart of an IB school leader’s challenge is to develop strong capabilities in cultural and contextual awareness, as well as a deep understanding of the types of leadership practices that have the best chance of maximising student and organisational outcomes in different contexts. The IB has developed a distinctive leadership programme to support IB leaders and build their capabilities in these vital areas. This paper outlines the contexts, research and theorising that has led to the IB leadership professional development programme. It also presents the aims, guiding principles and key features, inclusive of the key capabilities and intelligences that are the core components of the learning and development experience. The question raised at the conclusion of this paper is: to what extent are these capabilities applicable for leaders not only in IB World Schools but in schools more widely?
Engaging Indigenous youth through popular theatre: Knowledge mobilization of Indigenous peoples’ perspectives on access to healthcare services
Authors: Camargo Plazas Pilar , Cameron Brenda L , Milford Krista , Hunt Lindsay Ruth , Bourque-Bearskin Lisa , Santos Salas Anna
Published: July 2018

In Canada, Indigenous peoples bear a greater burden of illness and suffer disproportionate health disparities compared to non-Indigenous people. Difficult access to healthcare services has contributed to this gap. In this article, we present findings from a dissemination grant aimed to engage Indigenous youth in popular theatre to explore inequities in access to health services for Indigenous people in a Western province in Canada. Following an Indigenous and action research approach, we undertook popular theatre as a means to disseminate our research findings. Popular theatre allows audience members to engage with a scene relevant to their own personal situation and to intervene during the performance to create multiple ways of critically understanding and reacting to a difficult situation. Using popular theatre was successful in generating discussion and engaging the community and healthcare professionals to discuss next steps to increasing access to healthcare services. Popular theatre and short dramas provide a venue for mirroring stigmatized care and expose racial biases in the delivery of care. The contributions of the students, their input, and their acting were to increase our awareness even more of the pervasiveness of the stigmatized care that Indigenous people experience.
Meat-eating in India: Whose food, whose politics, and whose rights?
Authors: Sathyamala C
Published: July 2018

Transitioning towards a plant-based diet is considered both ethical and environmentally friendly from a Western perspective of high per capita consumption of flesh foods. However, in contemporary India, beef-eating has emerged as a political act of subversion in the context of its current ban by the Indian state which is transforming unapologetically into a theocracy under the aegis of Hindu fundamentalist groups. To understand the contemporary discourse on beef-eating, it is important to locate it in the discourse prevalent during the Independence movement, when there was an attempt to unify the Hindus to forge a nationalist identity, and to bring the ‘outcaste’ ‘untouchables’ – who were a sub-group acknowledged to consume beef – within the Hindu fold of ‘caste purity’. Data from an ethnographic study of over fifteen months in a village in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, demonstrate the place of flesh foods, including beef, in the everyday lives of people, and question the concept of a ‘normative’ Indian diet. The paper argues that contrary to the notion that vegetarianism is morally superior, in the context of Hinduism, where vegetarianism is a marker of upper caste identity, the food hierarchy is a function of the caste structure. Hence, the protests, particularly from the former ‘untouchable’ caste groups, reclaiming the right to eat transgressive foods as a marker of their identity, poses a serious challenge to upper caste hegemony. The violence which ‘vegetarian’ India has unleashed on such transgressions has laid open the structural violence embodied in the caste system and questions its claim to moral superiority.
A 3-Dimensional Printed Aortic Arch Template to Facilitate the Creation of Physician-Modified Stent-Grafts
Authors: Rynio Pawel , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Jedrzejczak Tomasz , Gutowski Piotr
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To demonstrate the utility of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed template of the aortic arch in the construction of a fenestrated and scalloped physician-modified stent-graft (PMSG). Case Report: A 73-year-old woman with descending thoracic aneurysm was scheduled for thoracic endovascular aortic repair after being disqualified for open surgery. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed no proximal landing zone as the aneurysm began from the level of the left subclavian artery, so a fenestrated/scalloped PMSG was planned. To facilitate accurate placement of the openings in the graft, a 3D printed aortic arch template was prepared from the CTA data and gas sterilized. In the operating room, a Valiant stent-graft was inserted into the 3D printed template and deployed. Using ophthalmic cautery, a fenestration and a scallop were created; radiopaque markers were added. The PMSG was successfully deployed with no discrepancy between the openings and the target vessels. Conclusion: A 3D printed aortic arch template facilitates handmade fenestrations and scallops in PMSGs and may improve accuracy and quality.
Effect of Z-binder tension and internal micro-structure on damage behavior of 3D orthogonal woven composite
Authors: Hu Xudong , Ying Zhiping , Cheng Xiaoying , Wu Zhenyu
Published: July 2018

The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of tow tension and related internal micro-structure on the damage behavior of 3D orthogonal woven composites under tensile loading. For representing the internal micro-structure of the composite with respect to varying tow cross-section and the unregulated undulated path which are introduced by Z-binder tension, a dynamical method at filament level which simulates an interlacing process was used to obtain the fabric architecture. Then, an element recognition algorithm was proposed to convert a representative unit cell of 3D woven fabric architectures into a finite element model with 8-node solid elements consisting of four kinds of sets in terms of warp, weft, Z-binder tows and resin matrix. In addition, filament trajectory was also extracted from fabric architecture to serve as a local material orientation. Comparative simulations under tensile loading were conducted on the FEA models generated by this work and texgen software, respectively. An experiment was also carried out to verify the simulation results. The stress–strain curve in the proposed model was found to be closer to the experiment data. The results show that the tensile modulus and strength reduce due to the diverged warp tow path which is induced by the interaction between the tows during the weaving process. Moreover, the irregularity and compressed weft tow cross-sections nearby the intercross point are more likely to generate the transverse damage which would result in the non-linear tensile behavior of the composite material.