bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Strategies for Performance Enhancement in Micro‐LEDs: a Synoptic Review of III‐V Semiconductor Technology
Authors: Mouloua Driss , Martin Michael , Beruete Miguel , Jany Christophe , Hassan Karim , Baron Thierry
Published: December 2024

III‐V semiconductors, known for their optoelectronic properties and versatile engineering capabilities, play a crucial role in the fabrication of Micro light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LEDs). Recent advances in research underscore that the optoelectronic performance of Micro‐LEDs can be significantly enhanced using various strategies, such as passivation and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), the incorporation of metamaterials and plasmonics, and the integration of 2D materials. By implementing these diverse integration strategies, Micro‐LEDs based on III‐V semiconductors have demonstrated remarkably high External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) spanning orders of magnitude across the spectrum, from deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) to the long‐wavelength infrared (LWIR) regions. In this review, the main III‐V semiconductors used in Micro‐LEDs are discussed. Additionally, an overview of the fabrication processes and integration techniques relevant to Micro‐LED‐based technologies is provided. Furthermore, the factors that influence the figure of merit in a wide range of Micro‐LEDs based on III‐V semiconductors, taking into account quantum efficiency, emission wavelength, and electrical injection, are examined. Finally, the discussion highlights several applications of Micro‐LEDs, provides a summary, and outlines future directions for the development of Micro‐LEDs based on III‐V semiconductors.
Donor‐Void‐Acceptor Type TADF Emitters with Asymmetric Donors for Highly Efficient Deep Blue OLEDs
Authors: Mei Yongqiang , Li Jiuyan , Liu Di , Xu Min , Li Yixue , Wan Huihui
Published: December 2024

Two asymmetric donor‐acceptor‐donor’ (D‐A‐D’) type deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, namely PAO‐1 and PAO‐2, are developed with highly rigid 10‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)acridin‐9(10H)‐one (PAO) as acceptor (A). PAO is characterized by the 3,6‐sites carbon atoms that are void to its own HOMO and the deeper HOMO‐2 of PAO acceptor rather than its HOMO is involved in the HOMO of the TADF emitters. Such D‐void‐A connecting mode favors to lower the molecular HOMO and generate short‐wavelength fluorescence by enlarging the bandgap of the TADF emitters. Two different carbazole donors are utilized in the asymmetric D‐A‐D’ type emitters, which not only keep the deep blue emission but also enhance the oscillator strength (f) for faster radiative transition rates (krs > 108 s−1) and slightly slow the intersystem crossing (ISC) rates (kISCs) and reverse ISC (kRISCs) than the symmetric PAO‐0, which can reduce exciton trap in the conversion cycles between singlet and triplet excitons. The deep blue OLEDs of PAO‐1 and PAO‐2 exhibit external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 32.5% and 30.1% with CIE (0.15, 0.10) and (0.15, 0.11) and low‐efficiency roll‐offs. These findings provide a design strategy for developing highly efficient deep‐blue TADF emitters.
SiB Monolayers‐Based Gas Sensor: Work Function and Conductometric Type Gas Sensors
Authors: Mohammadi Mahnaz , Pakizeh Esmaeil
Published: December 2024

The air pollution and the rising emission of dangerous gases into the atmosphere are recently worrisome. In order to protect the humans and animals life's, it is crucial to monitor these harmful gases. Gases like HCHO, N2, NH3, CO2, CH4, CO, and SO2 are dangerous for human health. As a result, gas sensors have been attracted significant interest as a means to effectively detect and adsorb these pollutants. In this study, the adsorption behavior of several common gas molecules on SiB monolayers has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The study focuses on examining the most stable configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfer, and electronic properties of selected gas molecules on the SiB surface. The gas adsorption behavior on SiB monolayers has been considered for use in work function type gas sensors and conductometric sensor devices. The work function of the SiB layer is found to vary between 4.06% and 27% after exposure to the selected gas molecules, indicating its high sensitivity to these gases. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics exhibit distinct responses for different gas adsorptions on the SiB surface, particularly for HCHO, CO, and CO2 gas molecules. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of SiB to gas adsorption open up possibilities for the improvement of gas sensing devices for monitoring and detecting harmful gases in various environments
Intrinsic Mechanical Parameters and their Characterization in Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Hao Shuai , Zhang Qianyi , Kong Xiangkang , Wang Zhaoxiang , Gao Xue‐Ping , Shearing Paul R.
Published: December 2024

The most critical failures in solid‐state batteries, including interfacial detachment, cracks, and dendrite growth are coupled with or fundamentally belong to a class of overarching phenomena that may be broadly defined as mechanical processes. However, current research on mechanical processes is far from sufficient, and is in its infancy compared with studies of improving electrolyte ionic transportation and electrochemical stabilities. Even the physical significance of many mechanical parameters has not been clarified in this field and the corresponding characterization methods have not yet been widely established. Herein, this review focuses on the intrinsic mechanical parameters associated with the design and operation of solid‐state batteries and their characterization. Beginning with an overview of mechanical processes, key concepts in the context of solid‐state batteries (SSB) are defined. Next, the various characterization methods that have been applied to SSBs are described in detail, and the key results are reviewed. Additional methods applied in orthogonal areas are also included to emphasize the possible translational impact on the solid‐state battery field. Finally, perspectives on the challenges and development trends in mechanical characterization are proposed for further development in solid‐state batteries.
Multicomponent Anodes Based on Amorphous ZnP2 for Fast‐Charging/Discharging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Lingwen , Xie Huixian , Zheng Yunshan , Hui Kwan San , Sun Yuanmiao , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Hui Kwun Nam
Published: December 2024

High‐capacity phosphorus‐based anodes have shown promise for fast‐charging/discharging lithium‐ion batteries, but have a low conductivity, and undergo significant volume changes during use, resulting in a poor rate performance and short cycle life. To overcome these limitations, the study has synthesized a hybrid material comprising amorphous ZnP2 incorporated with in situ formed amorphous zinc phosphate along with phosphorus and carbon (a‐ZnP2/Zn3(PO4)2/P/C) by a one‐step high‐energy ball milling process. The porous structure and isotropic nature of the hybrid amorphous material improve Li+ accessibility, reaction kinetics, and structural stability during fast lithiation/delithiation. Particularly, the hybrid amorphous ZnP2 electrode shows stable cycling performance over 2200 cycles at 5 A g−1 (3 C), retaining 92.3% of its maximum capacity to 985 mAh g⁻¹, and demonstrating high‐rate charging/discharging capability at 10/20 A g−1 (6 C/12 C) over 2000/2700 cycles to 734/592 mAh g−1. It is found that a reduced electrochemical polarization, large pseudocapacitive contribution, improved Li+ diffusion kinetics and more stable electrode‐electrolyte interface of the hybrid electrode contribute to its outstanding performance. This groundbreaking work paves a way for high‐performance multicomponent phosphorus‐based anodes for fast‐charging/discharging LIBs.
A systematic approach to defining a unit cell for fluid dynamics in packed beds with low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio
Authors: Dorantes‐Landa Dalia N. , Hernandez‐Aguirre Alberto , Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis , Huerta‐Ochoa Sergio , Castillo‐Araiza Carlos O.
Published: December 2024

This work develops an approach to identify the suitable representative volume (unit cell) that captures fluid dynamics in beds packed with spheres or cylinders with a dt/dp ≤ 10, by describing radial void fraction and velocity profiles at particle Reynolds numbers between 5 and 100. Rigid‐body simulations were used to construct synthetic packings, while velocity profiles were obtained from particle‐resolved simulations. This methodology, rooted in the similitude of fluid dynamics between beds of different lengths, determines the minimum length (or number of particles in a bed) required for the unit cell to accurately describe the void fraction and velocity profiles. Defining such a unit cell for fluid dynamics not only reduces computational effort but also opens avenues for its use in multiscale techniques to develop reliable pseudo‐continuous models, which is currently the bottleneck in the design and optimization of wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactors in industrial scenarios.
Sensitive “On‐Off” Fluorescent Sensor From N‐Doped Carbon Dots for Fe3+ Detection and Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Wan Zherui , Cui Xiaoxu , Li Zhonghao , Zhong Haorui , Liu Yilei , Liang Yesheng , Zhang Zhiyong , Yang Guang
Published: December 2024

Herein, a kind of N‐doped fluorescent carbon dots (N‐CDs) were prepared by using melamine and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as precursors through a straightforward hydrothermal method. The designed sensor displayed a uniform nanoscale distribution, excellent hydrophilicity, and strong fluorescence emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 37.98%. Moreover, the N‐CDs could be utilized for Fe3+ detection by the fluorescence “On–Off” transition via the mechanism of internal filtration effect (IFE) and static quenching process. Two good linear relationships within the concentrations of Fe3+ from 10 to 100μM and 100 to 500 μM could be obtained, which indicated that the “On–Off” fluorescent sensor could quantitative analysis of Fe3+ and the calculated detection limit (LOD) was 0.510 μM (3σ/slope). Additionally, the N‐CDs could be used for the detection of Fe3+ in the solid phase based on the fluorescence “On–Off” strategy, which is promising for anticounterfeiting application.
Effects of Product Transformation Salience on Green Brand Coolness and Green Purchase Intentions in Vietnam: Consumer Traceability Knowledge as Moderator
Authors: Le Truc Thanh , Tang‐Le Hung Thanh
Published: December 2024

Drawing on the attribution and signaling theories, this study aims to investigate the associations between product transformation salience (PTS), perceived green brand coolness (PGBC), green purchase intention (GPI), and consumer traceability knowledge (CTK) in Vietnam. We assess the research model by implementing partial least squares–structural equation modeling with a sample of 245 Vietnamese consumers. PTS positively affects GPI and PGBC, whereas PGBC positively impacts GPI and positively mediates the impact of PTS on GPI. CTK negatively moderates the effect of PTS on GPI, whereas the mediating impact of PGBC on the association between PTS and GPI is not conditional on CTK. PTS messaging is effective in increasing the perceived coolness of the brand and Vietnamese consumers' intention to purchase green goods. However, as consumers become more versed in digitally tracing products, the positive impact of PTS messaging on their GPI weakens. The study provides theoretical and managerial implications.
Lotus and Poikilotherm Inspired PPy/PDMS@Nonwoven Fabric Sorbent with Superior Photothermal Effects for the Cleanup of High‐viscous Crude Oil†
Authors: Fu Hiroshi , Chen Yang , Zhang Tong , Wang Xi , Zhang Songnan , Huang Jianying , Zhang Di , Qian Xiaoming , Lai Yuekun
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The frequent occurrence of oil spills not only results in the waste of petroleum resources, but also poses a serious threat to the marine ecological environment. Considering the large amount of crude oils with high viscosity, it is urgent to develop a sorbent capable of efficiently reducing the viscosity for the cleanup of oil spills. Inspired by the “lotus effect” and “poikilotherm which utilize the solar energy for thermoregulation”, the low surface energy material polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polypyrrole (PPy) were loaded over the island nonwoven fabric to fabricate a novel crude oil sorbent material. The nonwoven fabric achieved an efficient photothermal conversion. Wherein, the fluorine‐free PDMS was used to hydrophobically modify the nonwoven fabric, endowing it with excellent oil‐water separation performance, with a separation efficiency of up to 95%. After 10 cycles, the separation efficiency of PPy/PDMS modified nonwoven fabric (PPy/PDMS@NF) was still above 90%, demonstrating superior recyclability. In addition, the PPy/PDMS@NF possessed the self‐cleaning capabilities. Under light conditions, the PPy/PDMS@NF was rapidly heated up, reducing the viscosity of crude oil and enabling the effective recovery of oil spills. Under one sun illumination (1.0 kW·m–2), the surface temperature of the PPy/PDMS@NF reached 60.7 °C, and its sorption capacity for high‐viscosity crude oil reached 7 gcrude oil·gsorbent–1. Thanks to its environmental friendliness and excellent sorption capacity, this work provides a new option for dealing with the high‐viscosity marine oil spills.
Impact of Convulsive Maternal Seizures on Fetus Dynamics
Authors: Toma Milan , Mayer Jonathan , Bekbolatova Molly , Devine Tim , Ryo Paula
Published: December 2024

The study findings demonstrate that the amniotic fluid plays an important role in protecting the fetus during convulsive maternal seizures. The amniotic fluid was found to be an effective buffer, significantly reducing the transfer of kinetic energy to the fetus during these events. This highlights the sufficient protection provided by the amniotic fluid in such circumstances. The research was conducted using a model that simulates the complex interactions between a pregnant woman's anatomy, the uterus, and the fetus immersed in amniotic fluid. Key parameters such as speed, acceleration, and Euler angles were captured using sensors and used as input for the computational model in the simulations. The results showed that during an oscillatory movement, which is characteristic of a maternal seizure, the fetus and placenta exhibit variable kinematics relative to the uterus. Despite these variations, the amniotic fluid was found to be a significant protective buffer. The discovery of the protective role of the amniotic fluid during maternal seizures provides valuable insights for obstetricians. It can help in managing patient care during such pregnancy complications, emphasizing the importance of the amniotic fluid in fetal protection.
Value‐Belief and Value‐Identity Norms in Ethical Food Consumption: Investigating the Influence of Worker‐Friendly Labels in Italy
Authors: Mirabella Claudio , Borsellino Valeria , Galati Antonino , Schimmenti Emanuele , Caracciolo Francesco
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the main behavioral drivers influencing the consumption of ethical food products in Italy, with a specific focus on customer purchase intentions and choices for foods that adhere to workers' rights. The issue of workers' exploitation in Italian agriculture is a pressing concern, frequently highlighted in media investigations. To address this aim, the study compares three theoretical models to identify the most effective in providing the most comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon under investigation. The theories of value‐belief‐personal norms (VBN) and value‐identity‐personal norms (VIP), along with a hybrid of these models, were examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The findings reveal that factors such as self‐identity, awareness of consequences, and ascription of responsibility are significant predictors of the purchasing behavior regarding food products that respect workers' rights. Notably, the integrated VBN and VIP model (VBN‐VIP) demonstrates the highest level of predictive accuracy. This research contributes to the literature on ethical consumption by offering robust empirical evidence supporting these theoretical frameworks. Similarly, food companies will benefit from gaining a deeper understanding of consumer behavior in relation to ethical practices, particularly those concerning workers' rights. By emphasizing their commitment to ethical standards, food companies can potentially influence consumer attitudes and intentions more effectively.
The influence of farm connectedness on foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks in livestock
Authors: Contina Jean B. , Seibel Rachel L. , Chaulagain Bhim , Mills Karasi B. , Tildesley Michael J. , Mundt Christopher C.
Published: December 2024

We applied a previously published livestock foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) model to estimate host connectivity using a transmission kernel based on contact tracing and measured subsequent to an animal movement ban in the 2001 United Kingdom epidemic. Connectivity within county‐level farm landscapes were evaluated by considering the transmission kernel, host species composition, farm‐level susceptibility, farm‐level transmissibility, and distances between farms. The objectives were to (1) determine the impact of connectivity of the initially infected farm on the size of FMD outbreaks in four counties of differing connectivity; (2) compare FMD spread in counties that have different mean farm connectivity levels over all farms in the county; and (3) determine how connectivity relationships affect an example control measure. We used a spatially explicit stochastic model to simulate FMD outbreaks on livestock farm operations in four UK counties. Nine farms were selected for seeding infection, with each representing a different level of farm connectivity, measured by the sum of transmission rates between itself and all other farms. In each simulated outbreak, one farm was seeded with infection. In addition to the culling of infected premises within 24 h of being reported, as implemented in the FMD model, control of epidemic spread was implemented by culling farms within 1 and 3 km radii around infected premises. Increased levels of connectivity of the initially infected farm had a significant incremental effect on the epidemic length and the number of farms, cattle, and sheep lost. However, at higher levels of farm connectivity, these incremental effects were observed to plateau. Results showed significant variation in the level of overall farm connectivity between the counties, and counties with higher overall farm connectivity experienced increased simulated losses. Connectivity of the initially infected farm and mean connectivity among all farms in a county were strongly associated with effects of cull size, with disease control more effective at lower levels of farm connectivity. Host connectivity provides early information on the host‐pathogen landscape and could be used as an assessment tool for predicting epidemic risks, as well as enabling preemptive control strategies to limit the size of disease outbreaks.
An Update to the Central England Temperature Series—HadCET v2.1
Authors: Legg Tim , Packman Stephen , Caton Harrison Thomas , McCarthy Mark
Published: December 2024

The Central England Temperature (CET) series is one of the longest instrumental climate records in the world. The CET record from 1659 represents a roughly triangular area of England extending from the Lancashire plain in the north, to London in the south‐east and south‐west of the Midlands of England. HadCET is a composite series produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre, using data from a succession of observing sites for which the data have been adjusted to remove inhomogeneities to be consistent with the original long running series and be updated in near real time. This paper documents a technical update to the HadCET which is referred to as HadCET version 2 (v2), and at time of publication v2.1.0.0 is the latest available version.
Bidirectional Stabilized Non‐Newtonian Fluid Flow With Prescribed Heat Mechanism and Thermal Radiation in Stretching Sheet
Authors: M. Jyoti , Koti Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the behavior of non‐Newtonian fluid flow under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) conditions, focusing on heat radiation effects during viscous flow over an elongated surface with penetrable boundaries. This research is important due to the increasing applications of non‐Newtonian fluids in manufacturing and technical fields, necessitating advanced modeling techniques to accurately simulate their behavior under MHD conditions. To address the limitations of previous analyses that inadequately accounted for electrical field effects, we propose the Impetus Proliferate Method to enhance fluid flow velocity and establish better control over heat dissipation in practical devices like phase change thermal systems and power heat flux systems. The study employs the Novel Perpetuate Reconciliation Approach to manage heat transfer effectively within the elongated medium, revealing that heat transfer decreases as boundary layer thickness over the porous medium increases. Additionally, the Cogency Fortification Method significantly enhances the stability of non‐Newtonian fluid flow over the extended sheet. The implementation of these methodologies in MATLAB Simulink provides a robust simulation framework, offering novel insights into the dynamic behavior of non‐Newtonian fluids in MHD contexts and improving upon existing modeling techniques by integrating electrical field effects and deepening the understanding of heat transfer phenomena. Finally, the proposed model's accuracy is said to be 95%.
Optimizing Minichannel Heat Sink Design: A Combined Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Inlet/Outlet Configurations and Pin Fin Enhancements
Authors: Mahmood Hind , Freegah Basim , Faik Ahmad Muneer EL‐Deen , Saleh Qasim
Published: December 2024

The present study investigated the effect of inlet location, counterflow and parallel flow configurations, and rib addition (pin fins) on the performance factor of minichannel heat sinks. Different rib spacings were investigated in Models D, E, and F, which are 5, 7, and 9 mm, respectively, all using counterflow. These models used ribs with a diameter of 1 mm. In addition, Models G and H were presented to explore different rib sizes (1.5 and 2 mm) while maintaining a rib spacing of 5 mm under counterflow conditions. All effects were studied numerically using ANSYS Fluent 19R3 under laminar coolant flow, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 1190 to 1900. The study also included fabricating two models: the conventional model and the optimized model, and comparing their results with the numerical results. The comparison indicated a satisfactory convergence between the experimental and numerical results. The results revealed that all modifications significantly improved the temperature distribution and overall performance factor (OPF). Model B outperformed the conventional model in terms of pressure drop and heat resistance, achieving improvements of 46% and 40%, respectively. Furthermore, Model D outperformed Model B in Nusselt number by 31.375%. Notably, Model D showed the highest OPF and most consistent core temperature among the models, confirming its status as the ideal design, with an OPF of 2 compared with the conventional model.
Quantitative Assessment of Anthropogenic Activities on Precipitation–Flood Relations in the Middle‐Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Since the 21st Century
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Zhang Zhiping , Chen Junwei , Shen Zhongwei , Jia Xin
Published: December 2024

Quantitatively distinguishing between climate change and anthropogenic activities is crucial for flood management in the middle‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR). However, the quantitative contribution of climate change and anthropogenic activities to flood occurrences in the region over long time scales (spanning more than one climatic state) and across extensive spatial areas remains unclear. This study aims to address such issue by analysing runoff data from 12 hydrological stations in the MLRYR from 1961 to 2020. By combining the Peak Over Threshold (POT) method with the detection of flood event initiation and termination days, we analysed changes in mean annual flood duration days (MAFD) across two distinct periods: 1961–1987 (Phase I) and 2001–2020 (Phase II). Our results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between precipitation and flood in the MLRYR throughout the study period, though this correlation is weaker in Phase II compared to Phase I. By applying the double mass curve method, we quantified the contributions of climate change and anthropogenic activities to changes in MAFD in the MLRYR, comparing the period of rapid urbanisation since the 21st century to Phase I, when urbanisation was at its initial stage. The results indicate that anthropogenic activities have significantly suppressed average annual flood occurrences in Phase II, with contribution rates ranging from 118% to 199%. Conversely, changes in precipitation have positively influenced flood occurrences in Phase II, with contribution rates ranging from 18% to 99%. The extensive construction of hydraulic engineering has played a crucial role in regulating the runoff of the main and tributary rivers in the MLRYR, thereby weakening the precipitation–flood relations since the 21st century. This study suggests that the continued construction of hydraulic engineering in the MLRYR may remain a crucial measure for mitigating the increased flood risks associated with global warming and accelerated urbanisation in the future.
Role of qualitative research in advancing fertility treatment services in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A commentary
Authors: Gudu Wondimu , Sium Abraham Fessehaye
Published: December 2024

Synopsis

Qualitative research plays a significant role in understanding the causes and consequences of infertility in the Sub‐Saharan context.
Crude Oil–Induced Reproductive Disorders in Male Goldfish: Testicular Histopathology, Sex Steroid Hormones, and Sperm Swimming Kinematics
Authors: Mahlouji Mahboubeh , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Ghasemi Jahanbakhsh , Jalili Amir Hossein , Mozanzadeh Mansour Torfi , Zhang Songpei , Shazada Nururshopa Eskander , Butts Ian A. E. , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Linhart Otomar
Published: December 2024

Crude oil contamination has been shown to impair reproduction in aquatic animals through carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Here, we assessed the endocrine‐disrupting function of crude oil on male reproductive system based on testicular histology, sex steroid hormones, and fertility endpoints in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus), which were exposed to 0.02‐ to 2‐mg/L crude oil for 21 days (Experiment #1) or to 5‐ to 250‐mg/L crude oil for 9 days (Experiment #2). The crude oil contained 0.22‐mg/L nickel (Ni), 1.10‐mg/L vanadium (V), and 12.87‐mg/L polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twenty‐four hours after adding crude oil, the sum of PAHs ranged from 0.30 to 2.28 μg/L in the aquaria containing 0.02‐ and 250‐mg/L crude oil, respectively. Water analyses for heavy metals in Experiment #2 showed high concentrations (mg/L) of Ni (0.07–0‐09) and V (0.10–0.21). For both experiments, exposure to crude oil did not impact gonadosomatic index; however, testes showed histopathological defects including hyperplasia or hypertrophy of Sertoli cells, depletion of the Leydig cells, necrosis of germ cells, and fibrosis of lobular wall. In Experiment #1, sperm production and motility, testosterone (T), and 17β‐estradiol (E2) were not significantly different among treatments. In Experiment #2, the number of spermiating males decreased by ~50% following exposure to 250‐mg/L crude oil. Sperm production, motility kinematics, T, and the T/E2 ratio significantly decreased in males exposed to ≥ 50‐mg/L crude oil; however, E2 remained unchanged. Results show crude oil–induced imbalance of sex steroid hormones disrupts spermatogenesis resulting in diminished sperm production and motility.
Emotional intelligence and academic performance: A retrospective study of ten dental classes
Authors: Farah‐Franco Sandra M. , Fung Brent , Taylor Leo C. , Chui Brian , Islamoglu Hicret , Stevenson Robert D.
Published: December 2024

Purpose/objectives

Emotional intelligence (EI) supports clinical and social competencies of a practicing dentist. The Bar‐On EI model consists of inter‐related competencies in five domains: Self‐Perception, Self‐Expression, Interpersonal, Decision making, and Stress management. This study investigated the relationship between dental students' EI measured by Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 (EQ‐i 2.0) and academic and clinical performance at three junctures: Initial, Mid, and Grad.

Methods

This retrospective cross‐sectional study measured correlations between EQ‐i 2.0 and performance measures such as Entering GPA and DAT scores, GPAs, preclinical (PreClinMean) and clinical grades (ClinMean), and program learning outcomes (PLOs). Ten cohorts completed three EQ assessments: Initial Attempt 1 (N = 677), Mid Attempt 2 (N = 515), and Grad Attempt 3 (N = 472). Pearson correlations (p ≤ 0.05) were completed for Attempt 1 versus Entering GPA, DAT, Year 1 GPA; Attempt 2 vs. Year 2 GPA, PreclinMean; Attempt 3 versus Year 4 GPA, ClinMean, PLOs. Multivariate regression analysis was completed for Attempt 1 and Attempt 2 versus Performance measures. The attempts were compared with t test statistic (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

Attempt 1 showed significant negative correlations between EI and pre‐admissions measures. Attempt 1 and Attempt 2 showed significant positive associations for Self‐Perception, Empathy, Impulse Control, and Stress Tolerance with academic performance and PLOs. Attempt 3 showed significant positive correlations for Social Responsibility, Empathy, Impulse Control and Decision making with clinical performance. The Interpersonal EQ domain, Empathy, and Happiness significantly declined during matriculation.

Conclusion(s)

EQ‐i 2.0 total score correlated significantly with preclinical and clinical performance in this study and is important for dental student performance.
The GrassSyn dataset: Soil organic carbon stocks in Brazilian grassy ecosystems
Authors: Andrade Bianca Ott , Gamboa Cristhian Hernandez , Ferreira Gabriel William Dias , Wiesmeier Martin , Assad Eduardo Delgado , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino , Mello José Márcio , Morais Vinícius Augusto , Overbeck Gerhard E. , Pinto‐Junior Herval Vieira , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Tornquist Carlos Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Although ecosystem management and restoration are known to enhance carbon storage, limited knowledge of ecosystem‐specific soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and processes hinders the development of climate‐ready, biodiversity‐focused policies. Baseline SOC stocks data for specific ecosystems is essential. This paper aims to: (i) examine SOC stock variability across major grassy ecosystems in Brazil and (ii) discuss data limitations and applications. We compiled the Grassland Synthesis Working Group dataset, which comprehensively aggregates SOC stocks data from published studies on main Brazil's grassy ecosystems. Our dataset results from systematic literature review and regional soil sampling datasets. The dataset provides spatially explicit SOC stocks, physical soil properties, and ancillary information from 182 studies (1996–2021) across 803 sites, spanning 35° latitude and 28° longitude. The dataset, structured in relational tables, reports soil C stocks and ancillary soil parameters at depths up to 100 cm. SOC stocks vary by grassy ecosystem types and sampling depth, with subtropical grasslands (Campos Gerais, South Brazilian highland grasslands, and Pampa) showing the highest SOC stocks across all depth layers (SOC 0–30 cm: 64.5–162.8 Mg C ha−1; SOC 0–100 cm: 137.6–224.7 Mg C ha−1). The tropical Cerrado and Amazon grassy ecosystems exhibit high SOC stocks, particularly in subsurface layers (SOC 0–30 cm: 53.6 and 38.3 Mg C ha−1; SOC 0–100 cm: 109.8 and 121.4 Mg C ha−1, respectively). Our data analysis shows high carbon stocks in natural/seminatural ecosystems, but some ecosystems are undersampled. The dataset on SOC stocks in grassy ecosystems could greatly aid Brazil's national greenhouse gas inventory.
Material Profiling of Mesopotamian Cylinder Seals by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Aspiotis Stylianos , Dietz Albert , Földi Zsombor , Hildebrandt Frank , Schlüter Jochen , Mihailova Boriana
Published: December 2024

Raman spectroscopy has been used to non‐invasively analyse 30 Mesopotamian cylinder seals dated from the end of the fourth to the last half of the first millennium bce, kept in the collection of Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe (Hamburg, Germany). Besides the identification of the mineral constituents of the seals, the chemical compositions of the corresponding minerals were quantitatively determined from the Raman spectra. Using previously established relationships between the crystal chemistry and Raman‐peak positions widths and/or relative intensities for various mineral groups, we demonstrate that (i) the Mg content in calcite‐based seals as well as the Mg, Fe2+ and Ca contents in pyroxene present in one silicate seal can be determined with a relative error of 2%; (ii) the MMg and M(Fe + Mn)2+ contents in talc‐based seals as well as the MMg and MFe2+ contents in antigorite‐based seals can be quantified with a relative error of 5%; and (iii) in the case of chlorite‐based cylinder seals the content of MMg, MFe2+, MAl, TSi and TAl could be estimated with relative errors of 15%–20%. We show that a classical gemological description of cylinder seals is insufficient, particularly when the most abundant mineral phases are oxides, iron sulfides and phyllosilicates, such as talc, antigorite and chlorite‐group minerals. We demonstrate that combining classical art historical studies with archaeological evidence and detailed material profiles can advance provenance studies, reveal trade roots, unravel forgeries and distinguish replaced parts.
Dynamic gastrointestinal digestion of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin gelatin: changes of hydrolysate properties and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity
Authors: Jin Ritian , Liu Chang , Song Jing , Liang Duo , Lin Rong , Ren Zhongyang , Li Cheng , Shang Jiaqi , Yang Shen
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

It is important to study the physicochemical properties of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin gelatin and the changes in dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibition activity during gastrointestinal digestion in order to understand and exploit the potential of tilapia as a source of DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides.

RESULTS

The DPP‐IV inhibition of fish‐skin gelatin increased from 9.92 ± 0.76% to 36.75 ± 0.98%, and further to 51.06 ± 1.23%, following simulated intestinal digestion for a period of 60 min. After gastric digestion, the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was 18.19 ± 0.48%, the average molecular weight (AMW) was 219 ± 7.19 kDa, the sum of charged groups was −5.08 ± 0.32, and the surface hydrophobicity of the hydrolysate was 24.81 ± 0.25. After intestinal digestion, these values changed to 27.72 ± 0.47%, 146.56 ± 8.16 kDa, −8.09 ± 0.32, and 13.04 ± 0.53, respectively. The DH and sum of charged groups exhibited positive correlations with DPP‐IV inhibition (0.94 and 0.71, respectively), but AMW showed a negative correlation (−0.96). MATLAB fit functions were applied to predict theoretical inhibition values, with the fitted equation: DPP‐IV inhibition = 2.5885 × DH ‐ 0.0983 × AMW ‐ 1.0047 × sum of charged groups + 3.5118. The test set for the multiple linear regression model demonstrated an R2 equal to or greater than 0.8.

CONCLUSION

The DH, AMW, and sum of charged groups in the hydrolysate correlated with DPP‐IV inhibition, and the fitted equation predicted DPP‐IV inhibition effectively in tilapia skin gelatin. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
How to improve the mechanical safety of a novel spinal implant while saving costs and time
Authors: Kienle Annette , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Schröder Christian , Pietsch Andrea
Published: December 2024

Background

Spinal implant failure is associated with prolonged patient suffering, high costs for the medical device industry, and a high economic burden for the health care system. Pre‐clinical mechanical testing has great potential to reduce the risk of such failure. However, there are no binding regulations for planning and interpretation of mechanical testing. Therefore, different strategies exist. Mainly for novel implants an option is to start with a structured scientific literature search that forms an objective background for the definition of an implant‐specific test plan, the derivation of acceptance criteria and interpretation of the test results.

Methods

This paper describes, how a literature‐based approach can look like from the initial literature search through the derivation of the test plan and the acceptance criteria, to the final test result evaluation and how this approach can support the proof that the device meets all necessary safety and performance standards.

Results

The main advantage of this literature‐based approach is that testing and test result interpretation are linked with the loads acting on the individual implant in vivo. In an ideal case, testing is focused on the individual implant in a way that ensures maximum efficiency during the development and approval process combined with maximum insight in safety and effectiveness of the implant. Even comparative implant testing may become obsolete, which is a big advantage if comparative implant and related data are not available.

Conclusion

This approach to pre‐clinical mechanical testing offers the potential to create a chain of arguments, from literature review through testing to the interpretation of test results. This methodology can significantly enhance testing efficiency, reduce risk of failure, and ultimately prevent unnecessary patient suffering and healthcare costs. By synthesizing scientific insights with regulatory requirements, this review aims to guide clinicians and researchers in improving patient care and advancing device technologies.
Improved Birthweight Prediction With Feature‐Wise Linear Modulation, GRU, and Attention Mechanism in Ultrasound Data
Authors: Mohana Priya G. , Sangeetha S. K. B.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Birthweight prediction in fetal development presents a challenge in direct measurement and often depends on empirical formulas based on the clinician's experience. Existing methods suffer from low accuracy and high execution times, limiting their clinical effectiveness. This study aims to introduce a novel approach integrating feature‐wise linear modulation (FiLM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and Attention network to improve birthweight prediction using ultrasound data.

Methods

The proposed method utilizes FiLM for adaptive modulation, dynamically adjusting layer activations based on input specifics for enhanced information extraction. GRU is employed to capture sequential dependencies, recognizing the evolving maternal and fetal parameters during pregnancy. The Attention network selectively focuses on crucial parameters, dynamically adjusting feature weights for accurate predictions. The study evaluates classification accuracies for three groups: appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age, large‐for‐gestational‐age, and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA). Prediction errors are minimized by optimizing parameters and using mean squared error as the loss function. Experimental evaluations are performed using multiple metrics.

Results

The proposed strategy attains a high prediction accuracy of 98.8%, outperforming existing methods such as ensemble transfer learning model (83.5%), BabyNet++ (91.7%), bi‐directional LSTM with CNN and a hybrid whale with oppositional fruit fly optimization (89.2%), linear regression–random forest–artificial neural network (79.5%), and Attention MFP‐Unet (93.6%). The integrated network provides advanced insights into birthweight dynamics, enhancing both interpretability and accuracy.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are vital for birthweight prediction, clinical delivery guideline development, and implementation of decision‐making. The proposed approach supports clinicians in making informed decisions during obstetric examinations and assists pregnant women in weight management, showcasing significant advancements in maternal healthcare.
A Comparison of Environmental Impacts Between Reusable and Disposable Flexible Laryngoscopes
Authors: Kidane Joseph , Thiel Cassandra L. , Wang Kaiyi , Rosen Clark A. , Gandhi Seema
Published: December 2024

Introduction

There is increasing prevalence of single‐use flexible laryngoscopes in Otolaryngology. This study aims to quantify and compare the environmental outcomes of single‐use disposable flexible laryngoscopes (SUD‐Ls) and reusable flexible laryngoscope (R‐Ls).

Methods

The ISO 14040 standardized Life Cycle Assessment (LCAs) was utilized to estimate the environmental footprint of SUD‐L and R‐L. Product and packaging material composition, energy and water consumption, and high‐level disinfection products were tabulated from on‐site observation, manufacturer data, and the Ecoinvent database. Global warming impacts were defined by greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) quantified by kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents (kgCO2‐eq) and analyzed using the US EPA's TRACI and SimaPro software. Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were additionally performed.

Results

Assuming a 6‐year lifespan and 218 laryngoscopies/year, the R‐L saves 804 kgCO2‐eq compared to SUD‐L (1816 vs 2619 kgCO2‐eq). Notably 63% of the R‐L total GHGs were due to personal protective equipment (PPE) production and disposal used in reprocessing, whereas 79% of SUD‐L total GHGs were attributed to scope manufacturing and production. In a break‐even analysis, a R‐L produces fewer lifespan GHGs than SUD‐Ls after 82 uses.

Conclusion

Reusable flexible laryngoscopes pose an environmental benefit over SUD‐Ls across several impact categories when used in high frequency. SUD‐Ls have significant advantages in various situations: low utilization settings, in‐patient/ED consults, and urgent need for sterile instrumentation. Providers should assess laryngoscope use frequency, site of use, and available resources to balance the environmental consequences. Further areas of sustainable optimization include reducing disposable PPE used in R‐L reprocessing.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Nasal Obstruction Outcomes in Medial Flap Turbinoplasty and Inferior Turbinate Submucous Resection
Authors: Vasudev Milind , Hakimi Amir A. , Guarina Shannen , Lonergan Ashley R. , Torabi Sina J. , Hong Ellen , Hu Allison C. , Martin Elaine C. , Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Kuan Edward C. , Wong Brian J.‐F.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To compare longitudinal improvement in nasal obstruction quality‐of‐life outcomes between medial flap turbinoplasty (MFT) and inferior turbinate submucous resection (SMR) concurrently performed with functional septorhinoplasty.

Methods

Retrospective review of a prospectively collected cohort of patients undergoing functional septorhinoplasty between 2015 and 2022 at a tertiary academic center. Outcomes were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire preoperatively and over 12 months postoperatively.

Results

373 patients were analyzed with longitudinal NOSE questionnaires. Of these, 298 underwent SMR and 75 underwent MFT. The proportion of concurrent intraoperative techniques including rim graft, spreader graft, auto‐spreader graft, intradomal sutures, interdomal sutures, and alar spanning sutures were not significantly different between the two cohorts. Patients in all surgical groups had a statistically and clinically significant improvement in NOSE scores between their preoperative and postoperative follow‐up visits (p < 0.001). MFT patients had higher NOSE scores 1 month postoperatively (40.0 ± 30.5 vs. 31.0 ± 27.97; p = 0.017), but lower scores after 10 months (15.2 ± 13.3 vs. 25.4 ± 23.5; p = 0.036). Similarly, patients in the MFT cohort in primary rhinoplasty procedures reported higher scores initially but lower after 10 months (p = 0.024). Men in the MFT cohort reported significantly better NOSE outcomes than the SMR cohort as early as 4 months post‐surgery and sustained this improvement longitudinally throughout the follow‐up period (10.6 ± 12.3 vs. 22.6 ± 21.4; p = 0.012).

Conclusion

MFT and SMR offer beneficial long‐term nasal breathing outcomes among patients undergoing functional rhinoplasty, though further study in appropriate patient selection is indicated.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Evaluation of the Glymphatic System in Rabbits Using Gadobutrol‐Enhanced MR Cisternography With T1 and T2 Mapping
Authors: Algin Oktay , Cetinkaya Kadir , Oto Cagdas , Ayberk Gıyas
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We aimed to characterize and further understand CSF circulation and outflow of rabbits. To our knowledge, there is no research on contrast material–enhanced MR cisternography (CE‐MRC) with T1 and T2 mapping in the rabbit model using a clinical 3‐T MR unit without a stereotaxic frame.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐one rabbits were included in the study. The CE‐MRC exams with T1/T2 mappings were categorized into approximate time points based on an intention‐to‐scan approach: precontrast, less than 4 h after contrast, 24 h after contrast, and 24 to 120 h after gadobutrol. The presence of contrast media in the head and neck structures was scored with a 3‐point scale (present, score: 2; absent, score: 0; and inconsistent, score: 1). T1 and T2 estimates were directly derived by drawing regions of interest on the corresponding maps.

Results

Gadobutrol accumulation was detected in the CSF near the cribriform plate and nasal areas on early‐phase postcontrast images of all animals. These contrast material accumulations completely disappeared on the images obtained in postcontrast ≥ 24 h. The lowest T1 and T2 estimates in olfactory and cerebral areas were observed on early‐phase images. Significant correlations were observed between the enhancement of the bladder and the medial portion of the sclera and the enhancement of inner ear structures, olfactory regions, turbinates, nasal cavities, and cranial subarachnoid spaces. The T1 and T2 estimates of the septum and olfactory bulb were generally lower than those measured in the frontal and parietal lobes on early‐phase images.

Discussion

Our findings, which indicate an absence of clearly visible arachnoid granulations in rabbits, support the significance of olfactory outflow and the glymphatic system as highlighted in recent literature. Glymphatic transport can be more effectively demonstrated using T1 mapping in rabbits. The anatomical and physiological differences between human and rodent central nervous systems must be considered when translating experimental results from rabbits to humans.