bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving in Indian Road Conditions
Authors: Maaz Abdul Basith , Owaise Abdul , Shariff Adnan , Rahamathulla Mohammed Hamza , MR Naheem
Published: April 2024

Recent advancements in deep learning techniques tailored for autonomous driving in Indian road conditions are crucial for revolutionizing transportation systems. Indian roads present unique challenges, including unpredictable traffic patterns, diverse road infrastructures, and challenging weather conditions. Deep learning is pivotal in addressing these challenges, focusing on perception, decision-making, and control. Various architectures, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), are analyzed for their efficacy in autonomous driving. Sensor fusion techniques enhance perception capabilities, such as lidar, radar, and camera data integration. Additionally, advancements in semantic segmentation and object detection algorithms improve scene understanding and obstacle recognition. Collaborative efforts between academia, industry, and government agencies are essential for accelerating the deployment of autonomous driving technology in Indian road conditions. In conclusion, leveraging cutting-edge deep learning methodologies enables safe and efficient navigation of autonomous vehicles, ushering in a transformative future in transportation systems.
The behaviour associated with bullying in educational environment
Authors: LIȚĂ Andreea-Monica
Published: April 2024

Bullying in schools is an important current problem worldwide and is one of the most common anti-social behaviors among adolescents and children. A student is bullied when he is exposed repeatedly and over time to negative actions by one or more students. Aggressive behavior can be direct, including face-to-face confrontation; such as hitting, hitting, kicking and other types of physical harm; and indirectly involving a third party, such as social exclusion, spreading rumors and other types of psychological harm or even online (cyberbullying). The mission of any anti-bullying program is to prevent bullying before it occurs. However, research on bullying prevention is still developing. In light of the increasing prevalence of bullying in schools, schools need to improve the school climate by focusing on strengthening the educational system to reduce bullying.
Organizational and management methods of ensuring the development of the enterprise in the international environment
Authors: LEVAIEVA Liudmyla , KUCHERENKO Svitlana
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the development of the enterprise on the international market in the conditions of globalization and the formation of the global economy is caused by the evolution of internationalization, the transformation of productive forces, the impact of changes in the international business environment and the deepening of relations between national economies. The article is devoted to the study and substantiation of organizational and management methods of ensuring stable development of the enterprise in the international environment. The results. The article describes the organizational and management methods of ensuring the development of the enterprise in the international environment. Organizational support of strategic management is a set of structural and dynamic organizational relationships inside and outside the organization, which includes a set of specific subordinate and coordination, linear and functional, as well as other organizational connections, systems of subordination, reporting, control, etc., methods of organizational analysis, organizational design, legal norms, embodied in internal normative documents, with the help of which a market-oriented enterprise uses the opportunities provided by the environment, contributes to the achievement of development goals through the implementation of selected strategies. It was determined that the main task of organizational support for strategic management is the formation of strategic organizational potential capable of ensuring a high level of manageability and the effectiveness of the strategic development process. The main directions of action of the mechanism of formation of organizational and management methods for ensuring the development of the enterprise in the international environment are proposed. Based on the study of the factors of the external and internal environment, which directly or indirectly affect the organizational and management potential of the competitiveness of the enterprise, the main goal of developing and using the mechanism for forming the specified potential was formulated, which consists in ensuring the stable competitive status of the enterprise in the long term by developing and implementing effective management decisions regarding purposeful, systematic and adequate distribution and use of competitive potential and advantages.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 OKURYAZARLIĞI VE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DEVLET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Sezer Balcı Ayşe , Öğüt Düzen Kerime
Published: April 2024

Amaç:Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde COVID-19 okuryazarlığı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan araştırmaya, Aralık 2021-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında, bir devlet üniversitesinin fakülte ve yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören 506 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Okuryazarlık Ölçeği ve Yetişkin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler yüzdelik, ortalama, Man Whitney U testi, pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve p
DOĞAL VE SENTETİK OKSİTOSİNİN DOĞUM SONU EMZİRME BAŞARISI VE BAĞLANMAYA ETKİSİ
Authors: Özçalkap Nurten , Uçar Tuba , Taştan Sevda
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırma doğal ve sentetik oksitosinin doğum sonu emzirme başarısı ve bağlanmaya etkisi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı karşılaştırmalı tipte olup, Mayıs – Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin doğusunda bulunan bir ilin devlet hastanesinde doğum yapan 398 kadın ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, Kişisel Tanıtım Formu, LATCH Emzirme Tanılama Ölçüm Aracı ve Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmada kadınların LATCH toplam puan ortalaması doğal ve sentetik oksitosin ile doğum yapan kadınlarda sırasıyla 8.29±1.45 ve 8.16±1.55 olduğu, Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarının doğal ve sentetik oksitosin ile doğum yapan kadınlarda sırasıyla 98.20±5.52 ve 97.94 ±6.18 olduğu belirlendi. Doğal ve sentetik oksitosin ile doğum yapan kadınların Maternal Bağlanma Ölçeği ve LATCH puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0.05). Gestasyonel yaş 41 hafta ve üzerinde doğum yapan kadınlarda sentetik oksitosinin daha fazla uygulandığı ve gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi (p
SAĞLIK ALANINDA LİSANS EĞİTİMİ ALAN ÖĞRENCİLERİN UYKU KALİTESİ İLE ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Açıl Dilay , Ceylan Ayşe Nil , Oruç Güliz
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Sağlık alanında lisans eğitimi alan öğrencilerin uyku kalitesi ile etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde olup, bir devlet üniversitesi sağlık bilimleri fakültesinde eğitim alan öğrenciler ile tamamlanmıştır. Ekim 2021-Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında Sosyodemografik Form, Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği ve Uyku Değişkenleri Anketi aracılığıyla veriler elde edilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uyulmuştur. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t testi, varyans analizi, Bonferroni testi analiz için kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların çoğu 20 yaş ve altı, kadın, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisi, alkol ve sigara kullanmamaktadır. Katılımcıların %13.2’si yaşadıkları anksiyetenin uykularını 8 düzeyinde etkilediğini; %41.3’ü ise ekranın uykuyu etkilediğini belirtmiştir. Sigara ve ekran bağımlılığının, psikolojik sorunların ve anksiyetenin, sınav ve gelecek kaygısının, sosyal ilişkilerin, beslenme bozukluklarının, fazla kafein alımının, hafta içi uyku sürelerinin uyku kalitesini ve düzenini etkilediği belirlenmiştir (p
The Effectiveness of Using the SCAMPER Programme to Learn the Basic Fundamentals of Futsal
Authors: Lawas Noor Sabah
Published: April 2024

The current research aimed to identify the effectiveness of using the SCAMPER strategy to learn the research problem is to demonstrate the importance of the impact of the proposed intervention. The research problem addressed that the repeated failure of learners when performing the basic skills of the futsal game prompted the study of this issue and develop appropriate solutions through the development of exercises on the SCAMPER scrambler that will improve the basic skills of futsal. The research sample included students of the Department of Sport and Exercise Science, who numbered (30) students and were divided into two experimental and control groups, each group (15 students). (15) female students, and the researcher applied the research experiment using the methodology described above, and through the results, the researcher found that Scamper has a key role in developing creative abilities, developing independence to reach goals, and investing time and effort. The researcher recommended the need to emphasis the use of SCAMPER as a tool for learning how to play the game in the gym.
Safety and Efficacy of Treatments for COVID-19: A Pharmacovigilance Perspective
Authors:   Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico, Valdés Ana Karla Estrada , Benítez Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán ,   Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
Published: April 2024

Objective: COVID-19 has generated the development of safe and effective against viral disease. In this context, the Pharmacovigilance emerges as a crucial tool to provide detailed follow-up of treatments administered to infected patients. The objective of this review is to understand the role and progress of pharmacovigilance in the COVID-19 pandemic by supporting healthcare professionals and providing information about possible Adverse Drug Reactions in patients. Methods: A review of Pharmacovigilance related to COVID-19 was conducted, addressing aspects such as the monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions, virus structure and therapeutic advances, since 2019 to 2022, databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct, JAMA y Redalyc were used, analyzing clinical trials, observational studies and case reports to assess the safety of drugs used in the treatments of COVID-19. Results: Pharmacovigilance provides information of risk and benefits of drugs. Reports have been implemented to detect Adverse Drug Reactions and seek pharmacological alternatives to reduce serius symptoms and complications. Conclusion: Pharmacovigilance in the COVID-19 pandemic requires efficient communication between healthcare professionals and pharmacists ensuring quality treatments and detecting possible Adverse Drug Reactions.
Hematoma retroperitoneal como consequência de acidente automobilístico
Authors: Assis de Oliveira Andrade Natália Graciano , José Cobianchi Filho Celso
Published: April 2024

Homem de 38 anos, foi resgatado pelo corpo de bombeiros e levado ao Hospital São João Batista (Volta Redonda) devido a acidente automobilístico. Ao exame, constatou-se membro inferior direito em rotação externa, hematomas em dorso e membros, escoriações difusas e auscultas pulmonar e cardíaca sem alterações relevantes. Sem relato de trauma cranioencefálico. Foi realizado Tomografia Computadorizada abdome e pelve e repetido em 24 horas, que evidenciou hematoma retroperitoneal em regressão, sem sangramentos ou compressões de órgãos associados. 44% dos pacientes com trauma abdominal fechado apresentam hematoma ou sangramento no espaço retroperitoneal. Os hematomas retroperitoneais apresentam uma taxa de mortalidade entre 18 e 33%. A orientação para abordagem cirúrgica ao diagnosticar um hematoma retroperitoneal se restringe a casos em que o paciente apresenta choque, irritação peritoneal ou resultados positivos para infecção em uma lavagem peritoneal. A equipe de cirurgia geral optou pela conduta expectante. O paciente seguiu aos cuidados da ortopedia.
Obstrução intestinal do cólon e retossigmoidectomia na emergência
Authors: Sant'Anna Aragão Iapunira Catarina , Du Rocher Martins Teixeira Letícia , Valente Ramos Rachel , Parrine Peixoto Judson , Ricieri Assis Biazi
Published: April 2024

O câncer colorretal (CCR) configura um tipo de tumor maligno com mortalidade global importante (8,5%), apesar do bom prognóstico quando diagnosticado em estágios iniciais. No entanto, essa mortalidade aumenta especialmente em pacientes que são abordados com caráter de urgência. A obstrução intestinal muitas vezes pode ser um dos primeiros sinais de câncer localizado ou de metástase no pronto socorro, e configura umas das principais complicações das doenças neoplásicas de evolução avançada. Embora haja opções conhecidas e eficazes de rastreio, essa ainda é uma doença com grande parte dos seus diagnósticos sendo feitos em fases avançadas, e que a despeito de um possível bom prognóstico, muitas vezes a terapêutica oferecida é apenas em caráter paliativo, devido à demora diagnóstica e consequente avanço da doença.
Abscesso submandibular em Pediatria
Authors: De Andrade Brandao Davi , Takashi da Silva Osugui Adam
Published: April 2024

Os abscessos que ocorrem em regiões cervicais, como a submandibular, têm alta complexidade pela anatomia variada e potenciais complicações na região. Os abscessos submandibulares têm como principal causa processos odontológicos e tem como principais agentes etiológicos os estafilococos coagulase negativos, Staphylococcus aureus e anaeróbios. O presente artigo trata de um relato de caso sobre uma paciente pediátrica que foi internada no Hospital Municipal Dr. Munir Rafful – HMMR e foi realizado através de levantamento de prontuário da paciente, mediante a autorização formal de responsáveis. O caso transcorreu com internação, investigação clínica/laboratorial e tratamento em ambiente hospitalar, tendo resolução ao final da internação.  A parotidite surgiu como principal diagnóstico diferencial na investigação do caso. Dessa forma, entende-se que a faixa etária pediátrica é sucesetivel a condições infecciosas que podem evoluir como abscesso subcutâneo e é necessário instituir antibioticoterapia empírica precocemente considerando os principais agentes para resolução do caso.
Associação: COVID na gestação e descolamento prematuro de placenta
Authors: Alves de Mendonça Alice , De Oliveira Villela Arthur , Nascimento Leis Betina , Lages Coelho Sarah
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 na gestação e descolamento prematuro de placenta (DPP) são causas relevantes de parto prematuro, ainda são escassos relatos de associação entre eles, mas há evidências de que a má perfusão vascular ou trombose vascular na circulação fetal em ambos os casos pode ser fator importante para este desfecho. A COVID possui complicações imunológicas que aumentam a coagulação em alguns casos e a fisiopatologia da DPP está intimamente ligada à lesão vascular, por rotura ou oclusão, culminado em sangramento vaginal na maioria dos casos. Tais patologias podem ocorrer de forma concomitante em certos pacientes, sendo necessário o estudo para auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce. O artigo em questão apresenta análise de literaturas que colocam em discussão a associação da COVID com o DPP, além de um relato de caso de uma paciente na segunda gestação com uma ampla história patológica pregressa, admitida no pronto socorro ginecológico e obstétrico do Hospital São João Batista, Volta Redonda, apresentando queixas álgicas em baixo ventre e sintomas gripais, onde após realização de exames de imagem e laboratoriais, foi diagnosticada com COVID l e após o período de isolamento respiratório (7 dias) apresentou um quadro de DPP.
Enhancing Sustainability: Exploring IoT Integration in Renewable Energy Infrastructure
Authors: Dr. N. Vasantha Gowri  , Dr. T. Murali Krishna  , Dr. G. Suresh babu  , Dr. K. Krishnaveni
Published: April 2024

The management and utilization of sustainable resources have undergone a significant transformation as a result of the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into the renewable energy sector. IoT has simplified the optimization of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and hydropower, by leveraging sensor technology, data analytics, and connectivity. This optimization has resulted in major advances in energy production efficiency, equipment maintenance procedures, and the smooth integration of renewable energy into established power grids. Operators can optimize energy output while reducing waste by adjusting operations in real time through continuous monitoring and analysis of data gathered from IoT-enabled sensors. Moreover, by predicting and fixing possible problems before they arise, predictive maintenance algorithms significantly contribute to increased equipment reliability by lowering downtime and operating expenses. Furthermore, IoT systems allow for dynamic modifications to energy flow, guaranteeing the stability and dependability of the integration of renewable energy sources into the current power networks. This research investigates the use of IoT technology in the renewable energy sector in detail, exploring its several uses and assessing how it affects industry standards, sustainability goals, and the overall energy environment.
Hand Gesture Recognition for Video Player
Authors: Anklesh G  , Akash V  , Prithivi Sakthi B  , Kanthimathi.M
Published: April 2024

Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR) is an emerging technology that has numerous applications in various fields, including human-computer interaction and robotics. In this project, we developed a Hand Gesture Recognition system for video players that recognize hand gestures and perform actions such as play, pause, rewind, and fast-forward. The system was developed using Python programming language and the OpenCV, mediapipe, pyautogui libraries. A dataset of hand gestures was created by recording videos using a webcam and annotating the frames with corresponding labels. The Hand Gesture Recognition system achieved an accuracy of 92% on the test set and was able to accurately recognize hand gestures and perform the corresponding actions on a video player. The system has the potential to be used as a novel way to control video players, especially in situations where the user cannot use a mouse or keyboard. In conclusion, the Hand Gesture Recognition system developed in this project provides a promising solution for controlling video players using hand gestures. The system achieved a high level of accuracy in recognizing gestures and performing actions, and can potentially be used in a variety of applications. Further improvements and refinements can be made to the system in the future to make it even more effective and user- friendly.
The Impact of Culture on the Demand for Non-life Insurance Penetration in Developing Countries: Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Sihem Ezdini
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The impact of insurance market activity within financial development is gaining more attention in academia, as the sector experiences growth within emerging markets. The paper aims to understand which macro-economic and social variables impact the growth or decline of the non-life insurance sector broadly across European countries with a view to provide recommendations to drive increased penetration across the region.

Methodology: Using Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression and annual data from 1990 to 2021 on 10 countries, the study examines the explanatory factors of non-life insurance demand in European countries (Australia, France, Austria, Italy, Canada, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Portugal).

Findings: The study found that GDP, and urbanization and education rates have a significant negative impact on non-life insurance penetration and density; urbanization, religion, education level and rule of law can explain positively variation in non-life insurance density and penetration across countries. Countries  with higher urbanization levels, higher education level, Christian or Buddhist beliefs and more effective rule of law  spend more on non- life insurance than other countries. The control of corruption and government effectiveness explain negatively variance in non-life insurance.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Notably, governments can develop the non-life insurance sector through policies that support urbanization.Similarly, ensuring an environment that promotes economic freedom (such as low tariff, high personal choice, low government spending and high security of property rights) could be an effective way of promoting non-life insurance demand. In contrast, policies that help to reduce the rate of urbanization may yield a double dividend: less population and congestion in cities and better opportunities for the development of non-life insurance markets. Also, countries with high level of education, can develop the development of non- life insurance demand. Among many socio-economic factors such as income, urbanization and education level, our analysis suggests that cultural dimensions such as beliefs and rule of law play a role.
Impacto da Cirurgia Bariátrica na Saúde Oral e Nutricional: Revisão Narrativa.
Authors: Real Brandão Aparecida , Amorim de Souza Rossetto Carla , Martins do Nascimento Filho Hélio , Yuri Suzuki Vanessa , Nicodemo Denise , Carvalho Gomes Heitor
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A obesidade mórbida foi definida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como uma doença crônica, não transmissível e multifatorial. Pacientes com obesidade mórbida são frequentemente encaminhados para tratamento cirúrgico bariátrico reconhecido como alternativa eficaz para controle da doença e de suas complicações. A cirurgia bariátrica, embora eficaz, apresenta desafios significativos relacionados à saúde oral e nutricional dos pacientes. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos colaterais orais e nutricionais da cirurgia bariátrica, bem como a importância da integração de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas no acompanhamento desses pacientes.  Material e Método: Estudo de Revisão Narrativa de Literatura. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se diversas implicações da cirurgia bariátrica na saúde oral e nutricional dos pacientes, destacando alterações na microbiota, consequências nutricionais e orais, e os impactos diretos na saúde bucal.  Conclusão: Os estudos analisados mostraram que, embora a cirurgia bariátrica seja eficaz na redução do peso e na melhoria de comorbidades relacionadas à obesidade, ela também pode acarretar em mudanças significativas na microbiota oral e intestinal dos pacientes após a realização do procedimento com implicações nutricionais e orais que necessitam de atenção especial.
The future of peace in Africa: complexities of local conflict(s) and liberal peace interventions.
Authors: Tsekpo Kafui , Torto Obodai
Published: April 2024

This paper argues that a systematic understanding of local populations and their worldviews of what constitute peace – as expressed in their norms of relations holds promise for the future of peace in Africa. Africa continues to be the centre of international efforts at peacebuilding. These efforts at best have achieved mixed results, while barely addressing the root causes of violent conflicts by transforming state-society relations that breeds inclusivity and assures the progress of the collective regardless of geographic, social, economic, and political differentiations. To achieve this, it is important for actors in the peacebuilding industry to emphasise the local as fundamental to building durable peace. This stems from the knowledge that all societies embody the idea of peace with different connotations.  Such worldviews are important starting points for post-conflict peacebuilding efforts that portends for the collective good.  In this article, the Bimbilla case shows how local spaces that have suffered violent conflicts have inbuilt ideational and normative structures that can be used to address the anomaly of state-society relations. This is indicative of the many conflict and post-conflict spots in Africa. Emphasising the norms of the locale as a critically anchor to effective contemporary peacebuilding, and the future of durable peace in Africa.
A Challenging Case of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Rozahabibi Rozahabibi , Nabi Poorya Najjari , Lotfi Mahsa , Hosseini Reza Shah , Oliaei Negar , Hatami Asma , Nouri Seyed Mohammad , Pakmehr SeyedAbbas , Shayan Sepideh Karkon
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy primarily located in the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, and eyes. The origin of PCNSL is uncertain, but it is thought to arise from lymphocytes within the central nervous system. Diagnosis and treatment can be complex, especially in immunocompetent patients. Case Report: A 65-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with symptoms including weight loss, severe weakness, and left hemiplegia. Initial brain MRI revealed an irregular mass with vasogenic edema in the right parietal lobe. Stereotactic biopsy confirmed large cell lymphoma (T-cell variant). The patient initially responded well to high-dose steroid treatment. Subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned, but due to a positive PCR test, treatment was delayed. Discussion: PCNSL presents with non-specific symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging. Diagnostic tools such as MRI, PET-CT, and immunohistochemistry play crucial roles. Steroid use before biopsy should be cautious, as it may affect tissue necrosis and diagnosis accuracy. Prompt diagnostic and therapeutic measures are essential for improved outcomes. Conclusion: PCNSL is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis if left untreated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are crucial for patient survival. Larger studies are needed to further understand and manage this challenging condition.
PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALS OF CUCURBITA MAXIMA: A REVIEW
Authors: Akash Akash , Singh Sudha
Published: April 2024

In ancient literature, we find references to the therapeutic use of about 500 plants; indigenous medical practices make use of about 800 plants. The pumpkin plant (Cucurbita maxima) is a creeper that is commonly seen growing on the rooftops of homes in India. Seeds, pulp, and fruit stalks are all put to good use. In addition to its potent antioxidant properties, pumpkin seed oil has been lauded for its ability to treat a variety of medical conditions, including but not limited to the prevention and reduction of prostate growth and size; the reduction of bladder and urethral pressure, the improvement of bladder compliance; the alleviation of diabetes by promoting hypoglycemic activity; and the reduction of gastric, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. Chemical compounds can be extracted from seeds, including 24-ethyl-5-cholesta-7,22-trien-3-ol, 24-ethyl-5-cholesta-7,25-dien-3-ol, avenasterol, spinasterol, 24-dihydrospinasterol, 24-methyl lathosterol, and 25(27)-dehydrofungisterol. From the seeds, I extracted 25-(27) dehydroporiferasterol, clerosterol, isofucosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, campesterol, and codisterol. Traditionally, it has been utilized in headaches, nerve pain, inflammation, abscesses, and boils etc. Different parts of C. maxima have been evaluated for numerous pharmacological activities i.e., anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antioxidant, immunogenic, cardiotonic, antidepressant, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic and antifungal. Seed extract from the Saw Palmetto plant is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, sometimes in combination with other botanicals in order to cure prostate cancer. In conclusion, the pumpkin plant is highly promising in the coming era with diverse nutritional and pharmacological properties.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TEOR DA FIBRA DA LARANJA NACIONAL E IMPORTADA COMERCIALIZADA NO MERCADO DE WARESTA EM NAMPULA, MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Presse Isac Joaquim , Andate Armindo Sabado , Rapissone Palmira António , Julião Mauricio Afonso , António Regina Januário , Joaquim Dino
Published: April 2024

A laranja é uma fruta do género Citrus, supostamente originária da Ásia e com muita abundância em sazonalidades nos países da costa oriental da africa.  Ela é considerada uma boa fonte de fibra dietética. A predominância da desnutrição a diferentes níveis na província de Nampula, foi preponderante para a avaliação da quantidade de fibra existente na laranja nacional e nas laranjas importadas, para aconselhar o consumidor a consumirem laranja com maior conteúdo de fibra como forma de aproveitar os nutrientes disponibilizados, desta feita, objetivou ̵ se através deste estudo, avaliar o teor de fibra das laranjas comercializadas no mercado de Waresta em Nampula. A natureza deste estudo é analítica observacional e com uma abordagem quantitativa, a população do estudo foi de 100 laranjas dividas em 14 amostras, e as análises laboratoriais foram feitas em triplicas e a posterior os dados foram analisados com o programa SPSS versão 25. De acordo os resultados da análise, as laranjas nacionais apresentam uma quantidade elevada de fibra comparada com a importada, como ilustram as medias dos resultados das duas variáveis, laranjas nacional igual a 0,864 e as importadas 0,546 de fibra. A análise bi-caudal encontrou uma diferença significativa por meio do teste-t de Student, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e erro de 5%, onde o valor de t foi igual a -3,916.
RELEASE OF JUVENILE STURGEONS IN THE AZOV–KUBAN REGION BY STURGEON HATCHERIES OF THE FEDERAL AGENCY FOR FISHERY IN 2016–2022
Authors:   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Polin A. A. , Shevchenko V. N. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”)
Published: April 2024

Background. By the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, artificial reproduction had taken up a key role in the sturgeon stock recruitment in the natural water bodies of the Azov–Kuban region. Relevance. The major part of artificial reproduction of sturgeon species is conducted in the fish hatcheries of the Azov–Kuban region under the authority of the Federal Agency for Fishery (Rosrybolovstvo). The aim of this study was to analyze the volumes of rearing and release of juvenile sturgeons into water bodies of fisheries importance in the Azov–Kuban region by fish hatcheries subordinate to the Federal Agency for Fishery. Methods. This article is based on the data recordings of the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”) for the time range from 2016 through 2022. The data on 4 sturgeon hatcheries— Adygea, Achuevo, Grivensk, and Temryuk—are presented and analyzed. Results. An increase in the total number of juveniles of sturgeon species released into the natural habitat has been revealed. The highest values were recorded in 2021–2022. There has also been a disproportion in the number of released juveniles belonging to different species. Each year, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus accounted for a large share of released juveniles, for which the percentage ranged from 47.6 % in 2018 to 64.4 % in 2022. In recent years, the volumes of rearing and releasing the juveniles of this species have been increasing both quantitatively and in percentage terms. This fact can be explained by the earlier maturation of sterlet breeders, shorter intervals between repeated spawning, and the resultant larger number of “active” breeders of this species in the hatcheries. From 2019 through 2022, the share of the juveniles of sturgeon species released by the hatcheries of the Federal Agency for Fishery into the Protoka River, as compared to the Kuban River, increased from 55.0±0.10 % in 2016–2018 to 68.9±0.44 % (2019–2022). It resulted from the increase in the number of the sturgeon juveniles released into this water body, and not from a redistribution of release volumes between the Kuban and Protoka Rivers. Conclusion. In general, the artificial reproduction of sturgeon species by the fish hatcheries of the Federal Agency for Fishery in the Azov–Kuban Basin has shown a positive dynamics. However, it has also been found necessary to increase the scale of artificial reproduction of the most commercially valuable anadromous species: Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus.
SHORT-TERM FORECAST OF THE CHANGES IN THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND POLLUTION BY PRIORITY TOXICANTS IN THE AZOV SEA
Authors:   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Kosenko Yu.V. , Korablina I. V. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”)
Published: April 2024

Background. Modern climate changes and increasing anthropogenic water withdrawal in the Azov Sea river basins have led to a reduction in freshwater runoff and a record increase in the sea salinity. Relevance. Salinization of the Azov Sea leads to a transformation of the structure of biological communities and a decrease in primary productivity, which inevitably has a negative impact on fish productivity. Another important factor in the stock formation of aquatic biological resources is the quality of their habitat. Aim of this work is to make a short-term forecast of the hydrochemical foundation of biological productivity and toxicological status of the Azov Sea up to 2030. Methods. This study was based on the long-term data on the level of primary production, hydrochemical regime and accumulation of priority toxicants in the Azov Sea ecosystem. Results. In the present period, adaptation of the Azov Sea ecosystem to increasing water salinity is manifested in a decrease in the level of primary production. In recent years, during the summer season, an unfavorable physiological state of phytoplankton has been observed due to the high content of pheophytin in the cells. In the Azov Sea, from 1986 (the peak of industrial development and anthropogenic load) up to the present, in the water, bottom sediments and muscles of commercial fish species, has been observed a decrease in the average annual concentration of the majority of monitored toxicants. Conclusions. Under the most likely forecasted scenario for the river flow and water salinity (14.5–16.5 ‰), a further decrease in the level of primary production is expected. It is possible that the ecosystem will adapt to the increase in water salinity; phytoplankton will be characterized by a more favorable physiological state in the summer. No deficiency of biogenic elements is predicted. If the existing anthropogenic load remains unchanged (the most likely scenario), the level of sea pollution by anthropogenic toxicants is predicted to be low, and in certain areas—Taganrog Bay, the waters of the Yeysk and Temryuk Sea Ports—it is expected to be moderate. The quality and safety of aquatic biological resources as a food product will meet regulatory requirements.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC CARBON IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
Authors:   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Shevtsova E.A. , Burdina E.I. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”)
Published: April 2024

Background. Organic matter in bottom sediments originates from plants and animals as a metabolic by-product; it determines biological productivity of a water body and physical and chemical properties of its bottom soils, enriches its aquatic environment with biogenic elements, and provides nutrients for its benthic communites, on which, in turn, feed benthophagous fish species. The most reprepresentative indicator of the organic matter in bottom sediments is organic carbon. Relevance. Currently, for determination of the organic carbon directly in bottom sediments, either expensive equipment or certified methods approved for soils are used. Aim. This work presents the results of development and validation of the method for quantitative determination of organic carbon in bottom sediments. Methods. The developed modification of I.V. Tyurin’s method is based on photometric detection of trivalent chrome that is equivalent to the content of oranic carbon after oxidation of the organic matter in bottom sediments in chromosulfuric acid. Chloride interference was precluded with silver sulphate; as a reference standard, the State Standard Sample of glucose was used for the first time. Results. This method has been tested on the bottom sediments of the Azov Sea, and the results are found to be in compliance with those obtained from the investigations conducted by the traditional Tyurin’s method with silver sulphate. This method does not require expensive equipment and is applicable for mass determination. Conclusion. Based on the results of this investigation, a metrological certification of the developed method has been conducted; it regulates the procedure for determination of carbon mass fractions in the bottom sediments of water bodies in the range from 0.3 to 16.0 %.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SMITH'S BARB PUNTIOPLITES PROCTOZYSTRON (BLEEKER, 1865) IN THE MEKONG RIVER DELTA
Authors:   Federal Research Center “A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC IBSS), Karpova E.P. ,   Southern Branch of the Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Iskiv A.V. ,   Federal Research Center “A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC IBSS), Shavriev D.G. ,   Federal Research Center “A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (FRC IBSS), Dinh Cu Nguyen ,   Southern Branch of the Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hai Truong Ba ,   Southern Branch of the Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center
Published: April 2024

Background. Fisheries in the Mekong River are characterized by high pressure and extremely low selectivity towards fishing targets, which greatly complicates the conservation and possible restoration of the region's biodiversity. Relevance. Knowledge of fish population structure and biology is essential for fishery management and rational use of resources; however, the fisheries of the region are predominantly artisanal, for which the information on catches is scarce. This work is aimed at a study of the morphological characteristics of Smith's barb Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) and the distribution of its quantitative parameters. Methods. The data have been collected from the bottom trawl catches in the Mekong River Delta that were conducted using a beam trawl in the low water and flood periods of 2018–2022. Results. The average abundance and biomass of this species in fresh waters were 8.3±20.8 ind./ha and 114.7±229.4 g/ha, and in the estuary they were 0.6±2.7 ind./ha and 12.1±63.5 g/ha. These quantitative parameters for Smith's barb in the relatively shallow and low-flow Hau River and its estuarine channels were statistically significantly higher than in the rest of the delta estuary system (8.5±22.2 ind./ha and 110.7±248.7 g/ha as compared to 1.4±6.5 ind./ha and 25.0±90.1 g/ha). Examination of morphological characteristics showed a very low variability of traits in mature individuals; the coefficient of variation was less than 10 %. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the absence of sexual dimorphism and different morphotypes in the population, provide the ground for minimum landing size recommendations, and can serve as a foundation for the further population research of this species.
DIRSTRIBUTION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES IN AQUACULTURE TARGETS AND ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS (REVIEW)
Authors:   Southern Federal University (SFedU), Sedova D. A. ,   Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology (RRIMP),   Don State Technical University (DSTU), Sazykina M. A. ,   Southern Federal University (SFedU), Zhuravlev P. V. ,   Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology (RRIMP), Morozova M. A. ,   Southern Federal University (SFedU); Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology (RRIMP), Barabashin T. O. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Sazykin I. S. ,   Southern Federal University (SFedU)
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Aquaculture is one of the sectors of food production in which antibiotics are widely used. Taking into account the global problem of increasing drug resistance of microorganisms, aquaculture targets can serve as reservoirs for the accumulation, selection and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Relevance. Currently, the ubiquity of antibiotic resistance genes is one of the threats to public health. Aim. This review discusses the results of studies of antibiotic resistance genes isolated both from various aquaculture environments (water, sediments, sewage) and from resistant bacteria that have etiological significance in the occurrence of diseases of commercial fish species, molluscs, crustaceans, etc. Methods. The analysis of both foreign and domestic publications has been carried out. In foreign studies, molecular genetic methods of detecting ARGs in total DNA samples of aquaculture targets are mainly used. The metagenomic quantification of the bacterial communities and ARGs by sequencing is the most indicative one. Results. Despite the relevance of the topic, there are no available publications that are directly devoted to the resistomes in the targets of the Russian aquaculture. Basically, the study of antibiotic resistance in this area focuses only on the phenotypic manifestations of the resistance of fish pathogenic bacteria to the antibiotics widely used in the Russian aquaculture. Conclusion. Accumulated research results on this subject matter are quite extensive; their summarization within a single review article might facilitate the further work in this area.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CHLOROPHYLL-α CONTENT IN THE AZOV SEA IN 2006–2022
Authors:   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (FSBSI “VNIRO”), Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Kochergin A. T.
Published: April 2024

Background. Chlorophyll-α concentration is a key environmental parameter used to calculate the primary production of a water body, which, in turn, determines phytoplankton biomass. The fields with increased chlorophyll concentration can develop under the influence of various hydrometeorological factors considered in this work, such as air and water temperatures, cloud amount, wind-driven water mixing, and precipitation affecting the surface water layer. Relevance. Monitoring of chlorophyll distribution as it is influenced by hydrometeorological factors facilitates the rational fisheries management on account of their relation to the phytoplankton biomass providing fish and zooplankton with a food source. The aim of this work is to analyze the inter-annual variability of the average monthly hydrometeorological factors and their influence on the chlorophyll-α concentration in the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) for the time range from 2006 to 2022. Methods. Spatial and temporal analysis of the average monthly water temperatures and chlorophyll-α concentrations has been conducted based on the daily satellite images of the sea surface taken by MODIS spectroradiometer in the Azov Sea; the analysis of the meteorological characteristics has been carried out using the weather observation data from international data exchange and reports (SYNOP, METAR) posted on the website pogodaiklimat.ru for the time range from April 2006 to September 2022. Results. It is shown that, for the entire investigated time range (2006–2022), the trends of the inter-annual variability of the average monthly air and water temperatures were not significant. An increase in water temperature that started in the middle of 1990s changed for the opposite in 2011, i. e. turned into a decrease. The wind velocity above the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) over the investigated time range gradually decreased, which fell in line with the decrease in the chlorophyll-α concentrations. The average monthly cloud amount in the area has shown a weak inter- annual and considerable seasonal variability with relatively low values in the summer season and high values in the winter season. A positive trend of the monthly amount of atmospheric precipitation was observed, in contrast with the negative trend of the chlorophyll-α concentration. Conclusion. A significant positive correlation of the average monthly chlorophyll-α values with water and air temperatures has been identified, as well as a negative one with the wind velocity and cloud amount over the Azov Sea (excluding Taganrog Bay) — both in the individual investigated areas and in the sea as a whole.
Machine intelligence security : A methodological blend of fuzzy logic in industry 4.0 algorithms
Authors: Srilatha P. , Bendale Shailesh P. , Singh Monisha , Chakole Nitin , Dhote Girish M. , Shelke Nilesh
Published: April 2024

The way things are made has changed a lot because of Industry 4.0. It has also led to a time with great technology and relationships. The paper discusses way to improve security in Machine Intelligence in the setting of Industry 4.0. The study uses a mix of methods to combine Fuzzy Logic with cutting-edge Industry 4.0 algorithms in order to deal with new hacking problems. Because fuzzy logic can deal with doubt and imprecision, it can be used to make current methods more reliable. This creates a complex and flexible security structure. The merger was carefully planned to make the methods for finding anomalies, reducing threats, and responding to incidents work better. The suggested method aims to make machine intelligence systems more resistant to complex cyber dangers by combining the best parts of Fuzzy Logic with Industry 4.0 algorithms. This study adds to the growing conversation about how to keep smart factory settings safe by focusing on a proactive and dynamic security model. The effects of this mix of methods could be felt in many different industries, making it possible to use advanced technologies in a safer and more reliable way in the age of Industry 4.0.