bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volunteer Bands and Local Identity in Caithness at the Time of the Second Reform Act
Authors: Pettegree Jane
Published: January 2024

Caithness lay outside the national railway network in 1868, but as this article demonstrates, used the band music of its local volunteer military units, embedded within a wider contemporary British context of imperial music-making, as a means to express and shape local political identities. The second Reform Act of 1867, enacted in Scotland by the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1868, prompted wider reimagining about what it meant to be a citizen of Scotland and Britain. Regular references to civic bands in contemporary newspapers and carefully posed photographs in local archives provide evidence for the popularity of Silver and Brass bands connected with the Caithness Volunteer movement. As they marched around towns, villages and countryside, especially around the time of the national elections and local by-elections of 1868-9, their music created powerfully affective soundscapes that connected traditional local identities with the modern British fiscal-military state, helping people to imagine their place as citizens in a period of widening political engagement. The county’s band music provides a microhistory that allows exploration of contrasts between rural and civic patterns of political behaviour in this period.
A new quantum machine learning algorithm: split hidden quantum Markov model inspired by quantum conditional master equation
Authors: Li Xiao-Yu , Zhu Qin-Sheng , Hu Yong , Wu Hao , Yang Guo-Wu , Yu Lian-Hui , Chen Geng
Published: January 2024

The Hidden Quantum Markov Model (HQMM) has significant potential for analyzing time-series data and studying stochastic processes in the quantum domain as an upgrading option with potential advantages over classical Markov models. In this paper, we introduced the split HQMM (SHQMM) for implementing the hidden quantum Markov process, utilizing the conditional master equation with a fine balance condition to demonstrate the interconnections among the internal states of the quantum system. The experimental results suggest that our model outperforms previous models in terms of scope of applications and robustness. Additionally, we establish a new learning algorithm to solve parameters in HQMM by relating the quantum conditional master equation to the HQMM. Finally, our study provides clear evidence that the quantum transport system can be considered a physical representation of HQMM. The SHQMM with accompanying algorithms present a novel method to analyze quantum systems and time series grounded in physical implementation.
Restorative dynamics of pine phytocenoses in clearcut areas in the floodplain terraces of the Moscow River
Authors: Lezhnev Daniil V. , Kulikova Daria D. , Polyakova Galina A.
Published: January 2024

Initial stages of restoration dynamics of phytocoenoses are of a special interest. Ecological conditions change crucially after timber harvesting. The exploration of two clearcut areas in the Moscow River valley in 3-5 years after felling allowed us to detect the direction of phytocoenosis dynamics. Scotch pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) losses the competition with deciduous species in both sites constituting less than 50 % of regeneration. The largest number of individuals of Pinus sylvestris L. at the research sites, they have a three-year age: clear cut area No. 1 - 55 % and clear cut area No. 2 - 47 %. An intensive height increment of prevailing tree species was registered. In the site No. 1, an annual increase in height increment was registered indicating favourable growth conditions, while in the site No. 2, the 4-centimeter reduction of height increment was observed in the last year. The soil vegetation cover is an important ecological factor regulating the restoration dynamics of phytocoenoses on clearcut areas. To estimate the restoration dynamics of soil cover vegetation, 45 geobotanical descriptions were made. Totally 102 species of vascular plants referred to 72 genera were found on clearcut areas. The families with the highest frequency were Asteraceae - 12,7 %, Apiaceae - 10,8 %, and Poaceae - 8,8 %. A noticeable presence of Poaceae in the vegetation cover limits successful reforestation. The percentage of the most widespread ecologo-coenotic groups is 45% of the total number of registered species for meadow herbs, 16 % for tall herbs, 11 % for nemoral species, and 9% for forbs. Summary average projective coverage of herbage is 65-75 %. Under the conditions of reed-grass - herbal type of clearcut areas, Scotch pine is suppressed by both deciduous species and herbal vegetation, which makes the perspectives of its predomination in the future stand doubtful.
Ecological situation in European cities in 2013-2023: transition to green economy
Authors: Mironova Marina N. , Nevedomskaya Alexandra O. , Sotnikova Victoria V. , Massarova Alena R.
Published: January 2024

The study is devoted to the study of the relationship between the structure of the economy and the level of pollution of European cities in the context of the environmental imperative. Based on comparative statistical analysis, the level of pollution in European cities in 2013 and 2023 was considered and cities with the most and least favorable environmental situation were defined. Studied cities were divided into 7 groups by pollution index; stable trend of their location was determined through carrying out a cartographic analysis: groups of the most polluted cities are located mainly in the southeast of Europe and the least - in the northwest. Five types of cities with different trends in pollution index dynamics were identified. Based on a comprehensive synthetic analysis of cities with maximum improvement and deterioration of the environmental situation, the main factors of multidirectional dynamics are described - activity of environmental policy, sectoral structure transformation of urban economy. Main spatial trends in the environmental situation of European cities were identified: cities with positive dynamics of pollution index predominantly concentrated in the southeast, with a negative - in the east. The analysis showed that 2/3 of the largest cities in Europe improved their ecological condition mainly due to the effectiveness of environmental measures, the green political movement, the development of the tertiary and quaternary sectors in their economy.
The factors of the low iodine concentration in soil cover and drinking waters of the second ridge of the Mountain Crimea
Authors: Berezkin Victor Yu. , Glebov Victor V. , Kayukova Elena P.
Published: January 2024

Low iodine content in the environment can be one of the main factors of iodine deficiency diseases in humans and farm animals, including hypothyroidism, nodular thyroid tumors, irreversible brain damage in the fetus and newborn. Endemic goiter, caused primarily by iodine deficiency, is an urgent problem for most regions of modern Russia, including the Republic of Crimea. For the Republic of Crimea, along with other regions of the Crimean-Caucasian mountain zone, there is a deficiency of iodine in the lower links of the trophic chain, which provokes iodine deficiency diseases. The aim of the work was to reveal the contrast of iodine distribution in the lower links of the trophic chain: different types of soils for agricultural use and natural waters for drinking purposes from various sources in the Crimean Mountains. The article presents data of the iodine content in the soil cover and drinking water in the Crimean Mountains, on the example of the Bakhchisarai area (in Bodrak river valley). The dependence of the iodine content in the upper horizons of different types of soils, on the content of humus, pH-water soils and cation exchange has been established. It has been confirmed that the content of iodine in natural waters (springs, rivers, lakes) is determined primarily by the composition of water-bearing rocks.
Evaluation of the effect of antibiotics on the growth reactions of higher plants - potential phytoremediants
Authors: Timofeeva Svetlana S. , Tyukalova Olga V. , Timofeev Semyon S.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the work is due to the need to study the assessment of the toxicity of antimicrobial drugs for environmental objects. The simplest and most obvious methods of assessing the impact of antibiotics on the environment are bioindication methods, in particular, the assessment of phytotoxicity of drugs. The study presents the results of the analysis of the cytotoxic effect of antibiotics of different nature in relation to herbaceous plants of various systematic groups in a laboratory experiment. The phytotoxic effect of the considered antibiotic samples was determined by comparing the indicators of the test function of the seeds of the control and experimental groups. The dependence of the magnitude of the phytotoxic effect on the pharmaceutical group of the antibiotic is shown. The data obtained are the basis for further research to assess the negative impact on the environment and the development of technologies for phytoremediation of environmental objects. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of antibiotics on the growth reactions of higher plants - potential phytoremediants.
Biosafety evaluation for some remediants and their effectiveness in detoxication peaty soils with heavy metals
Authors: Zambrano-Gary Cesar C. , Sergeeva Yuliy D. , Terekhova Vera A. , Kirichuk Anatoly A.
Published: January 2024

Contamination soils with heavy metals is a problem with high interest, because contamination with heavy metals affect food chains and human health by intake and accumulation in living beings. Although all of these methods not quite effective for recovering contaminated environments, however they are still good options for recovering contaminated soils. In this research evaluated the recovering potential in different concentrations and combinations of dolomite with additives like zerovalent iron, Fe-Mn concretions, iron powder, ferrihydrite and iron nanoparticles. With these treatments, achieved reduction of concentration of all heavy metals founded (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and also reduction in toxicity, confirmed with a biotest with Daphnia magna. These findings confirms that the optimal remediants are nanoparticles with biochar and iron powder with and without biochar.
Minimization of residues generated during the operation of treatment facilities
Authors: Volkova Vladislava N. , Shevtsov Michael N.
Published: January 2024

The activity of sewage treatment plants for the treatment of domestic wastewater is not limited only to wastewater treatment. The main problem in this activity is the treatment and disposal of the resulting sediments at sewage treatment plants, where the main task is to reduce the volume of sediment and then transform it into a useful product that does not cause environmental pollution. Currently, representatives of landfills refuse to accept this type of precipitation, explaining that this type of precipitation does not belong to the category of solid municipal waste. The issue of using sediments from sewage treatment plants as raw materials for manufacturing remains open, but in our opinion this type of sediment can be recycled in wastewater treatment technology. The practical value lies in conducting industrial tests of the converter of sewage sludge into liquid effluents, including all waste generated during the operation of sewage treatment plants with subsequent post-treatment of liquid effluents at wastewater treatment plants. These tests will reduce the amount of sediment by up to 90%, which will minimize the intensive accumulation of precipitation from sewage treatment plants and improve the state of the environment.
OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS ON THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF ALUMINUM IN CNC TURNING PROCESS USING TAGUCHI METHOD
Authors: Putra Yunata Mandala , Timuda Gerald Ensang , Darsono Nono , Chollacoop Nuwong , Khaerudini Deni Shidqi
Published: January 2024

In this research, Taguchi method is employed by focusing on spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut to optimize the CNC turning parameters for aluminum alloy 6063. The main goal of this study is to improve the surface roughness of the material. A L9 orthogonal array is used for experimentation, and the results are subsequently analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). A spindle speed of 1300 rpm, a feed rate of 0.5 m/min, and a depth of cut of 1.5 mm are the optimal conditions to achieve the minimum average surface roughness (Ra). The main effect plot of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio provides significant evidence supporting the primary research goal. Furthermore, the ANOVA table reveals that spindle speed contributes 59.71%, feed rate contributes 29.80%, while depth of cut only contributes minimally at 0.72%. Based on the research findings, spindle speed and feed rate can be adjusted to control surface roughness. Both factors are highly significant in influencing the surface roughness of the material. The prediction equation from the linear regression analysis is Ra = 1.745 – 0.001024 spindle speed + 0.3000 feed rate – 0.0233 depth of cut. A coefficient of determination or R-squared value of 0.9115 indicates that the independent variables can explain 91.15% of the variation in the dependent variable. The experimental and predicted surface roughness (Ra) values have a predicted error percentage of 2.26%.
A novel surface-based approach to represent aquifer heterogeneity in sedimentary formations
Authors: Schorpp Ludovic , Straubhaar Julien , Renard Philippe
Published: January 2024

Sedimentary formations that compose most aquifers are difficult to model
as a result of the nature of their deposition. Their formation generally
involves multiple processes (alluvial, glacial, lacustrine, etc.) that
contribute to the complex organization of these deposits. Representative
models can be obtained using process-based or rule-based methods.
However, such methods have several drawbacks: complicated
parametrization, large computing time, and challenging, if not
impossible, conditioning. To address these problems, we propose a new
hierarchical surface-based algorithm, named EROSim. First, a predefined
number of stochastic surfaces are simulated in a given order (from older
to younger). These surfaces are simulated independently but interact
with each other through erosion rules. Each surface is either an erosive
or a deposition surface. The deposition surfaces represent the
boundaries of depositional events, whereas the erosive surfaces can
remove parts of the previously simulated deposits. Finally, these
surfaces delimit sedimentary regions that are filled with facies. The
approach is quite simple, general, flexible, and can be conditioned to
borehole data. The applicability of the method is illustrated using data
from fluvio-glacial sedimentary deposits observed in the Bümberg quarry
in Switzerland.
Spatial Cluster of Air Pollutants and its Association with Health Disparities: A County-level Ecological Study across the USA
Authors: Wang Jing , Rong Rong , Qu Bingjie , Shi Xiang , Hu Bin , Zhao Peng , Ling Chengxiu , Chen Ying
Published: January 2024

Background: The study aimed to determine latent patterns of geographical
distribution of health-related air pollutants across the USA, and to
evaluate real-world cumulative effects of these patterns on public
health metrics.

Methods: It was an ecological study using county-level data on the
concentrations of 12 air pollutants (i.e., ozone, CO, NO2 and SO2, PM2.5
mass, and speciation, PM10 mass and speciation, HAPs, VOCs, NONOxNOy and
lead) over 20 years, and the rigid measurements of population health
including life expectancy at birth, age-specific mortality risks and
cause-specific mortality rates (21 mutually exclusive disease groups).
Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the common clusters of
life expectancy-associated air pollutants based on their concentration
characteristics in the final studied counties (n=699). Multivariate
linear regression analyses were then applied to assess the relationship
between the LCA-derived clusters and health measurements with
confounding adjustment.

Results: PM2.5 mass, PM10 speciation, and NONOxNOy were associated with
life expectancy and thus were included in LCA. Five clusters were
identified: the ‘all low’ cluster (n=115, 16.5%), ‘all medium’ cluster
(n=285, 40.8%), ‘high particulates’ cluster (n=152, 21.8%), ‘all high’
cluster (n=136, 19.5%) and ‘mixed profile’ cluster (n=11, 1.6%).
Cluster with a more severe pollutant profile was associated with a
decreasing life expectancy, an increasing mortality risk among the
middle-aged and elderly populations (≥45 years), and an increasing
mortality rate caused by chronic respiratory conditions, cardiovascular
diseases, and neoplasms.

Conclusions: Our study brings new perspectives of real-world
geographical patterns of air pollution to explain health disparities
across the USA.
The Formation and Development of the School of Consolidating the Vital Base and Supplementing Primordial Qi in Xin’an Medicine
Authors: H Gao
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to introduce the formation and development of the school of Consolidating the Vital Base and Supplementing Primordial Qi (CVBSPQ) in Xin’an medicine, as well as to elucidate its concepts, core, scope of application, and points of application.
The Mediation Role of University Environment in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Education Interest: A PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Widyastuti Puspa , Hadi Samsul , Daryono Rihab Wit , Samad Noorazman Bin Abd
Published: January 2024

The courage to take risks to open a new business has not been fully embedded in most technical education students. One of the influences is low student self-efficacy due to a lack of self-confidence in students who think there is a failure in opening a new business. So this research examines and analyzes in-depth related entrepreneurial interest as measured through self-efficacy, family, and university environment in technical education students. The probability sampling method using a random sampling technique was used in taking a sample of 450 participants in technical education students. The most dominant item in representing the success of entrepreneurial interest is creativity at 84.80%. The weakest construct is the never-give-up construct of 71.50%. The ability of the structural model to explain Entrepreneurial Interest is 61.80%, while the Entrepreneurial Interest variable explains 50.50% of the phenomena predicted in the field. The path analysis test reveals that the three variables influence the interest in entrepreneurship positively and significantly. This study recommends that universities foster an interest in entrepreneurship by providing technical assistance in developing businesses, inviting entrepreneurial speakers, holding industrial visits, and conducting training programs. These steps are expected to foster student interest in entrepreneurship.
Assessing Students Understanding of Chemical Bonds Material by Rasch Modeling
Authors: Almubarak Almubarak , Saadi Parham , Prayogi Restu , Maldini Pamela Paula
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess high school student’s understanding of Banjarmasin by Rasch modeling, preci-sely the cognitive aspect. The research method was descriptive with a quantitative approach to assess the pattern of reactions and symptoms of Rasch data. According to the research findings, the person reliability (students) was +0.66 based on the Rasch modeling analysis, with the criterion satisfactory, indicating that the students knowledge was adequate. At the same time, Cronbachs’ alpha score had a value of +0.71 and met the criteria of excellent. In addition, the students with the highest level of understanding were coded 127P12B with a logit value (person measure) of 2.52 and average students with logit value of -0.77 or 0. In contrast, the students with low abilities were coded 030P10B and 059L11B (same logit value, -3.27 or 0). Other data were INFIT MNSQ and OUTFIT MNSQ (person) with average values of +0.99 and +1.14 (closer to 1, the better), while the INFIT and OUTFIT ZSTD values were -0.1 and 0.0 respectively (closer to 0, better). The most difficult question was Q16, which had a logit score of 1.96; students’ logit values carried this question. Students were regarded to have appropriate knowledge even though their ability excee-ded the problem ability. In conclusion, the Rasch model-based pre-learning evaluation was found to be useful in measuring students’ cognitive grasp of chemical bonding material. This study could serve as the primary reference for teachers in assessing students’ level of knowledge before they begin learning. In addi-tion to interpreting student knowledge through various Rasch data presentations, a study of the structure of questions with varying difficulty levels could be used to assess the full group of students’ understanding of chemistry.
Development of a Computerized-Adaptive Test to Measure English Vocabulary Size with IRT
Authors: Wulansari Andhita Dessy , Kirana Dhinuk Puspita , Mufanti Restu
Published: January 2024

To speak English fluently like a native speaker, having a vocabulary of 20,000 words are required. In many universities in Indonesia, Vocabulary Size Test (VST) is still held with Paper-Based Test (PBT), so it is less effective and efficient. The aims of this study were 1) to develop Computerized-Adaptive Testing (CAT), which helps get students with a standardized English vocabulary size, and 2) to implement it in measuring vocabulary size. The approach in this study is Research and Development (RD) with product development procedures following the steps of Borg and Gall. The findings of this study are, 1) the CAT program has Item Response Theory (IRT) parameters that can change according to the test takers' answers, and the test will stop if the estimated ability of the test takers is known (Standard Error/SE close to 0.01), and 2) with the application of the CAT program it can be seen that the total vocabulary of English Language and Teaching Department students is still 20,000. Based on these findings, this study implies that for students' vocabulary mastery to be on par with native speakers' abilities, the English Language and Teaching Department needs to evaluate the learning process and determine a particular program to increase student vocabulary.
Identification of Understanding of Disaster Preparedness in the School Environment
Authors: Khusnani Azmi , Husein Rahmawati , Jufriansah Adi , Thalo Ota Welly Jenni , Rahmawati Kartika Dewi , Fitri Mohammad , Adina Colomeischi Aurora
Published: January 2024

Flores Island is vulnerable towards natural disasters. Therefore, it requires an effective disaster warning ma-nagement. In this context, schools play an important role in disaster warning system. However, not all schools implement Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) procedures effectively. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve disaster warning system among schools by integrating the three pillar principles, which include safe facilities, effective disaster management, and resilience education. This study aims to understand the state of school readiness in the Flores region and assess the extent to which these schools apply the three pillar criteria for school disaster warning system. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive ap-proach, with data collection through an open questionnaire distributed using Google Forms. The result showed that the locations of the respondent's schools are spread across the most disaster-prone areas of Flo-res, especially along the coastal areas. In addition, there are still many schools in the region that have diffe-rent levels of understanding and awareness regarding to disaster warning system. Based on that issue, the program for activating the disaster warning system in school area is very important to apply and can increase public awareness of disaster warning system. To achieve that idea, a collaboration between school commit-tees, external parties, and the Flores community is essential to strengthen the school infrastructure and to build an effective response towards potential disaster risks and threats.
Advancing Accounting Education: A Comprehensive Approach to Inventory Materials Learning through Online Applications and the Smith-Ragan Model
Authors: Anggarini Alifia Ganeshi , Astuti Elly , Yusdita Elana Era , Ulfatun Titik , Pascua Rosemarie J. , Nafizah Ully Yunita
Published: January 2024

Information technology has significantly influenced accounting and financial practices. This development was marked by several changes in the manual processing of accounting data into a computer accounting system with accounting software. While accurate online teaching materials exist, people still need to explain the logic behind using all the existing features and the related basic rules. This suggests that computer learning resources based on Accurate Educational accounting that discuss inventory could be developed further. This research aims to develop computer accounting teaching materials assisted by accurate online applications in an integrated manner with lesson plans, media, student worksheets, and assessment instruments. This research introduces an accurate online inventory-based inventory module, named Accurate Online, to help students to learn accounting computer material easier based on a scientific approach and problem-based learning. This research uses the Smith-Ragan model to test student responses to learning innovations and analyze their learning outcomes. The subjects in this study were 19 semester six students of the Accounting Education Study Program at PGRI Madiun University. This research develops learning innovations through lesson plans, modules, Student Worksheets, learning media, and evaluation instruments. The analysis results of the computer learning innovation process get very valid criteria with 95.42%, Lesson Plan 96.4%, worksheets 96%, learning media 92.5 %, and 96.25% evaluation instrument. Student responses to computer learning innovations for inventory module accounting based on Accurate Online get a practicality percentage of 87% in the practicality category, which is very practical and can be used without revision. Student learning outcomes have increased after participating in the Accurate Online-based accounting computer learning program. The value of the evaluation questions indicates the increase in student learning outcomes after learning is carried out using a structured learning program where 89% of students score above the Minimum Completeness Criteria.
The Dynamics of Platelet Content in Patients with Diffuse Peritonitis as a Predictor of Disease Outcome
Authors: Sigua B. V. , Kotkov P. A. , Petrov S. V. , Zemlyanoy V. P.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Absolute numbers of platelets are of key importance for determining the severity of multiple organ failure in sepsis, while their fluctuations within normal values are not taken into account. At the same time, early detection of a downward trend in this parameter may have greater predictive value in predicting disease outcomes.

   AIM OF STUDY. To identify trends in changes in platelet levels in patients with widespread peritonitis and determine the possible relationship of these changes with the outcome of the disease.

   MATERIAL AND METHODS. The basis of the work was an analysis of the results of treatment of 220 patients with diffuse secondary peritonitis who were treated at the Elizavetinskaya Hospital in 2013–2019. A correlation analysis was conducted to identify relationships between disease outcomes, assessed according to the severity of postoperative complications, and the degree of platelet reduction, expressed in platelet ratio. The further ROC analysis allowed us to identify a threshold value of the platelet ratio, which excess indicated a high risk of an unfavorable outcome.

   RESULTS. Based on the data obtained, the threshold value of the platelet ratio in the first two days has no clinical significance. At the same time, starting from the third 3rd day of the postoperative period, the quality of the resulting classifier increased, which confirms the prognostic significance of the threshold value of the platelet ratio, which was 1.72 on the third 3rd day after surgery. In other words, a decrease in platelet levels more than 1.72-fold on the 3rd day indicates a high risk of an unfavorable outcome, which may be associated primarily with intra-abdominal complications. This provision also indirectly confirms the fact that among patients with platelet ratio (PR) values exceeding 1.72 on the 3rd day, 68.7 % ultimately underwent repeated surgical interventions (33 patients out of 48 with high PR values, and the overall mortality rate was 72.1 %.Similar indicators in the subgroup with low PR values were 27.6 % of reoperated patients (29 of 105) and 26.7 % of unfavorable outcomes.

   CONCLUSION. The results obtained indicate that the degree of platelet reduction, rather than their absolute levels, has greater predictive value in patients operated on for diffuse peritonitis.
Intestinal Lavage in the Complex Treatment for Corrosive Poisoning
Authors: Matkevich V. A. , Stolbova N. E. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Makarov A. V. , Simonova A. Yu. , Gasimova Z. M. , Elkov A. N.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. The high incidence of various complications and the persistent mortality remain relevant to the search for new approaches in the treatment of victims with poisoning by corrosive substances.

   OBJECTIVE. To increase the effectiveness of the therapeutic complex in case of corrosive poisoning by adding intestinal lavage.

   MATERIAL AND METHODS. We examined 73 patients (34.3 % of women and 65.7 % of men) with acute oral poisoning by acetic acid (35.6 % of the total number of patients) and alkali — NaOH (64.4 %) aged from 27 to 65 years (43 (33.0; 56.0) years). Endoscopic examination before the start of treatment in all the patients revealed 2–3rd degree chemical burns of the mucous membrane of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. The treatment of 38 patients (study group) included intestinal lavage using an enteral solution in a volume of 4.5 liters in the first 6 hours after taking the poison. The comparison group consisted of 35 patients who received standard therapy. The groups were identical in age, sex, type and severity of poisoning.

   RESULTS. Patients who received intestinal lavage showed a clear positive dynamics of the process of cleansing the affected areas of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach from necrotic masses and the appearance of granulations already on the 5th day. In the comparison group, by this time there were no signs of healing of local defects in the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach.

   CONCLUSION. The inclusion of intestinal lavage in the treatment complex helps reduce the regeneration time of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract in case of damage and inflammation caused by poisoning by corrosive substances, a decrease in the incidence of extraintestinal complications, in particular pneumonia (by 17.1 %), which is reflected in a decrease in mortality (by 5.7%) and a decrease in the duration of hospitalization by 2.1 times.
Compression Hemostasis in Refractory Esophageal Bleeding
Authors: Anisimov A. Yu. , Ibragimov R. A. , Mansurova G. Sh. , Zalyalov R. K.
Published: January 2024

RELEVANCE. Efficiency and safety of compression hemostasis with esophageal self-expanding nitinol stents Danis compared to the Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in the treatment program of refractory esophageal bleeding still remains a controversial issue.

   AIM OF THE STUDY. To conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of Danis self-expanding compression hemostasis nitinol stent and the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for variceal esophageal bleeding refractory to drug and endoscopic treatment.

   MATERIAL AND METHODS. The first comparison group included 44 patients, in whose complex treatment program tamponade with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was used to save lives. The second main group of the study consisted of 15 patients in whom compression hemostasis was performed using Danis self-expanding nitinol stent. Statistical processing was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student, χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

   RESULTS. In the comparison group, complications occurred in 44 (100 %), in the main group complications were observed in 8 patients (53.3 %). Accordingly, reliable mechanical hemostasis was achieved in 33 (75.0 %) and 13 clinical observations (86.7 %); trophic changes in the esophageal mucosa were detected in 12 (27.2 %) and 8 patients (53.3 %). When assessing the function of external respiration, 5th and 2nd degrees of decrease in the ventilation capacity of the lungs, as well as 3rd and 1st degrees of decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs were established. The overall mortality was 56.8 % in the comparison group and 26.7 % in the main group.

   CONCLUSION. Self-expanding compression hemostasis nitinol stent Danis as a bridge to the choice of definitive therapy compared to tamponade with the Sengstaken–Blakemore tube is a promising alternative first-line treatment for patients with refractory esophageal bleeding. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct randomized controlled studies to confirm the safety and effectiveness of self-expanding nitinol stents.
The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the Gut and Its Microbiome: What We Know and What We Would Like to Know
Authors: Evdokimova N. V. , Chernenkaya T. V.
Published: January 2024

In the present review, we consider theoretical background and results of the first studies of SARS-CoV-2 effect on the intestine and its microbiome. The data obtained indicate the long-term virus persistence in the cells of intestinal mucosa. In addition, acceleration of microbial cells and microbial metabolites translocation associated with inflammatory processes in the intestinal endothelial cells caused by the virus was also discussed. COVID-19 has a great impact on structure and functional activity of the intestinal microbiome. The decrease in species diversity and minor species dominations that are not found in the microbiome of healthy controls were observed. The gut microbiome is considered to be an important influencer on COVID-19 progression and outcome.
Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Severe Polytrauma
Authors: Vlasov P. A. , Kudryashova E. A. , Melnichenko P. I. , Nikiforov I. S. , Petrushin M. A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND. Road transport injuries (RTI) are the leading cause of death among the working-age population at present. Often, severe combined trauma is accompanied by significant damage to the chest with the development of severe respiratory disorders. Standard methods of intensive therapy for respiratory failure are often ineffective. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be an effective method of reducing mortality in this category of patients, evenin conditions where it is impossible to use systemic anticoagulation.

   AIM OF THE STUDY. Consider the use of ECMO in patients with serious polytrauma trauma and a high risk of hemorrhagic complications.

   MATERIAL AND METHODS. Patient R., 43 years old, got a severe combined injury in a traffic accident; due to progressive acute respiratory failure, veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) was performed for 11 days.

   RESULTS. This report reviews a clinical observation of the successful use of VV-ECMO in a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of polytrauma in a road accident. Due to the high risk of hemorrhagic complications, the procedure was performed without the use of systemic anticoagulation, which is a rather rare case in modern intensive care. On the 11th day, the VV-ECMO procedure was stopped. On the 7th day of VV-ECMO, an intense hemorrhagic syndrome developed as a complication, which was successfully treated. On the 13th day after weaning, the patient was transferred from the intensive care unit to the rehabilitation center.

   CONCLUSIONS. The venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation method can be considered as part of the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of severe chest trauma when standard methods of respiratory support are ineffective. With a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, which is often observed in patients in this category, it is possible to use venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without systemic anticoagulation.
Regulatory and legal aspects of road building
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Vojtyk Oleksandra , Prokopiv Ivan ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: January 2024

Statement of the problem. Road building is an important task of the State in modern society, and therefore it requires special attention from the state authorities. Warfare has caused catastrophic destruction on a large Ukraine territory, which has also affected the road surface in many regions. Therefore, Ukraine suffers from these problems to a large extent, which requires adequate management actions by the state authorities and proper regulatory support for efficient road building, which can bring the industry to a fundamentally new level of development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of functioning of the road building sector are studied in the works of such scientists as A. Bezuglyi, T. Zakha- rova, V. Ivanchenko, N. Ishchenko, V. Krasniuk, O. Nepomniashchyi, I. Novakovska, Y. Sereda, B. Stasiuk, M. Stetsiuk, M. Yanchuk and others. They analyse the relevance of implementing the European experience of road safety management in the public administration system, study the peculiarities of road safety management, carry out a comprehensive assessment of the efficiency indicators of road building investments, substantiate the ecological and economic principles of land use of road transport and road economy, and study the peculiarities of public administration of road construction. Identification of previously unresolved parts of the general problem. The subject of this research is to study the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support for the road building. Summary of the basic research material. The analysis of the regulatory and legal support for road building shows that its legal regulation is sufficient. However, there are problems relating to the efficient and legal use of subvention funds, which is directly related to the corruption component. In this regard, it is necessary: to reduce corruption risks, to bring Ukrainian legislation closer to European requirements; to amend the Law "On Public Procurement" to require the use of an electronic procurement system; to regulate the prohibition of procurement of services for routine medium-term maintenance of roads by individual sections; to improve the advisory and personnel issues. Conclusions. In order to solve the problems that exist in the regulatory and legal sphere of road building, it is necessary to harmonise Ukrainian legislation with the European legislative framework, to amend the relevant regulatory documents to increase the level of transparency of tendering in the process of road building, and to ensure an appropriate level of expert advice during the implementation of works related to road building.
SUITABILITY OF REFERENCE STANDARDS TO INTEGRATE ERGONOMICS IN ARCHITECTURE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BANGLADESH
Authors:   Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Biswas Sudipti
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Buildings are a very important part of our lives because we spend so much time there. A primary job of an architect is to assure that the buildings we live in accommodate the human activities that take place within them. Therefore, anthropometric datasets are important tools for the architect. Unfortunately, anthropometric datasets relevant to the functions that take place in buildings are relatively scarce, even as part of the architect’s academic experience. Architects mostly depend on a few reference standards that may not fit the local population. The purpose of the research described here is to contribute to the filling of this gap with an anthropometric dataset for the Bangladeshi population that can serve as a source of data in the field of architecture. Methods: Body measurements of 130 people, 66 male and 64 female, are taken at 38 different postures. The postures are selected from the reference standards and considering the local practice. Then the measurements are examined with descriptive statistics and compared with the reference standards to check the differences. Results: This comparison indicates that the Bangladeshi people are considerably smaller; therefore, the practiced reference standards are not appropriate for Bangladesh, and presumably South Asia. Further research is required for a comprehensive anthropometric database. The presented dataset can serve as a source of data for the design of residential and other buildings in Bangladesh as well as other South Asian countries.
A linguistic picture of the world: conceptualization of the human body in the poetry of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Pastorková Marieta
Published: January 2024

The paper focuses on the linguistic picture of the body in the poetry of Emily Dickinson, a 19th-Century American poet. The aim is to provide a coherent linguistic picture of the body of Dickinson’s lyric subject and to reconstruct the way she conceptualized and portrayed its physical appearance with regard to the artist’s perception of the self. This research is focused on cognitive ethnolinguistics, the methodology utilizes analytic and interpretative techniques with emphasis on the cognitive definition reconstruction and facet parametrization. The research sample consists of the selected poems in which the poet refers to the body of her lyric subject. This research has allowed for the identification of the following facets into which the conceptualization of Dickinson’s perception of the body can be categorized: 1) the perspective of the body as a spirit-encompassing vessel; 2) the body as a reflection of the social oppression experienced by women in the nineteenth century; 3) the facet of the body size, and 4) the ephemerality of the physical body. The identified facets overlap to some extent, but together they form a unified picture which reveals certain aspects of cognitive metaphor theory, such as the conceptual metaphor of a container. This unified picture also reveals literary and linguistic reflections of socio-cultural aspects of the 19th-Century America such as the tendency to diminish the female lyric subject.
Sociocultural Transformation of Modern Domestic Education
Authors:   Institute for the Development of Education in Kuzbass, Zabneva Elvira I.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the current problem of sociocultural transformation of modern domestic education. Based on an analysis of reality, its aggressive social agenda, the tendency towards the dominance of irrational thinking against the backdrop of a decrease in critical perception and internality, the author confirmed the idea accepted in the scientific community about the transition of society into a certain phase of an unstable state. Previously projected system characteristics of the global society demonstrate failure, axiological assessment of Western civilization as universal has exhausted itself, humanity is on a civilizational turn. Faced with the prob-lem of conceptual cultural nihilism, Russia is once again rethinking its own civilizational path of development, searching for meanings, correlating traditions and innovations. The primary role in this process is assigned to the phenomenon of education as an imperative of spiritual formation of society. Based on a comparative anal-ysis of the Soviet and post-Soviet education systems, the article concludes that the latter, which represents a permanent process of change, not only did not resolve the contradictions of the Soviet socially oriented model of education, but even more served to artificially separate the meaning of education from the idea of develop-ment our civilization. Considering reform as a semantic construct, including analysis of the existing situation, clear goals and objectives, measures adequate to the situation and the system of results assessment correlat-ing with them, the author summarizes that the socio-cultural transformation of modern domestic education should be associated with the traditions of Russian society, and the leading problematic of its concept should be anthropological – as posing the question of the formed person.
War has a Woman’s Face. The Image of a Woman in the Soviet Military-Patriotic Cinema of the Thaw Period (1954–1964)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kolesnikova Alexandra G.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the article is to identify the main features that make up the image of women in the military-patriotic cinema about the Great Patriotic War on the big screens of the USSR in 1954–1964. In recent years, the interest of scientists (sociologists, historians, art historians and culturologists) in the study of the problems of the reflec-tion of the historical past in cinema art has grown tremendously. The study briefly analyzes feature films made by Soviet directors during the Thaw. Based on the methods of visual anthropology and imagological tools, the image of a Soviet woman in the war is defined, as well as the features of its representation that correspond to the historical realities of the era of liberalization of public relations. It was during the Thaw in Soviet cinema that the approach to the military genre was changed: now in the foreground are not monumental ideological values, not the relief heroism of war films of 1941–1945, but the victims and hard-ships of war, trials and hardships, the destroyed destinies of millions of Soviet people.
The Social Philosophy of Paradiplomacy and the National Interests: Balance between Openness and Closeness
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Kaziev Nikita R.
Published: January 2024

Studying the socio-philosophical foundations of politics and trying to see the horizons of the evolution of collec-tive actors in the context of the digital revolution, we should pay close attention to certain gaps and underesti-mated institutions that, in our opinion, play an important role in modern communication. The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the essence and forms of paradiplomacy. The relevance of this topic is dictated, on the one hand, by the fact that in the conditions of Western sanctions pressure on Russia, the search for new ways to protect the national interests of the Russian Federation is being actualized, on the other, by the understanding that many mechanisms of such protection have been working for a long time, but need general theoretical and practical reflection. The methodology of the work is based on a socio-philosophical analysis of social reality and concepts of society as an organizational form of people’s joint activity. It is from this position that the search for the structure-forming foundations of the system of social relations is carried out on the ex-ample of the phenomenon of paradiplomacy.