bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Anesthesia on Thyroid Hormones and Cortisol Levels Following Major Urological Surgery
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of anesthesia on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, rT3), thyrotropin(TSH), and cortisol levels in patients undergoing major urological surgery. The study included fifty patients scheduled for elective major urological surgery where 70% of the patients underwent general anesthesia, while30% underwent regional anesthesia. All patients were in stable control general conditions. The study showed that the thyroid hormones, thyrotropin and cortisol levels were affected with general anesthesia more than regional. The levels of these hormones responded to anesthetics and surgical stresses. This response was thought to be mainly mediated by afferent neurogenic impulses from the area of injury. Therefore, abolition of sensory as well as autonomic afferent stimuli by neurogenic blockaded types of anesthesia such as (epidural anesthesia) that may help in reducing the excretion and metabolic response to surgery.
Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris Harvesting Via Co-Pelletization with Filamentous Fungus
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to progress another method for coagulation/flocculation of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris via pellet-forming of the fungal species Aspergillus niger which was isolated from municipal wastewater mud and the facultative heterotrophic microalga "C.vulgaris was used. The main factors studies were spore inoculums, organic carbon concentration in medium as well as pH variation which had considerably positive effects on microalgae/fungi co-pelletization formation. The process parameters are an inoculum1×104 spores/ML, 15 g/l sucrose as carbon source and pH ranged from 5 - 7.0 were found optimal for efficient microalgae/fungi co-pelletization formation. For autotrophic growth, when pH of culture broth was adjusted to 5.0 -7.0 with organic carbon addition (15 g/L sucrose), almost complete harvesting efficiency of the microalga was achieved. Furthermore, it was observed that diameter and the concentration of microalgae/fungi pellets were pretentious by the shaker rotation. The new harvesting technology established in this study will decrease the microalga harvesting cost and will be possible to adapt this technique to all microalgal species as an alternative to other old-style harvesting approaches.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Diclofenac Sodium Using (2-vinylpyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl metha acrylate) as the Complexing Monomer
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Four electrodes were synthesized based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Two MIPs were prepared by using the diclofenac sodium (DFS) as the template, 2-hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate(2-HEMA) and 2-vinyl pyridine(2-VP) as monomers as well as divinyl benzene and benzoyl peroxide as cross linker and initiator respectively. The same composition used for prepared non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) but without the template (diclofenac sodium). To prepared the membranes electrodes used different plasticizers in PVC matrix such as: tris(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tri butyl phosphate (TBP), bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate (BEHA) and tritolyl phosphate (TTP). The characteristics studied the slop, detection limit, life time and linearity range of DFS–MIPs electrodes. The results were obtained from selectivity measurements on amino acids showed good response as well as pharmaceuticals analysis.
Diamine Derivatives as Photostabilizers for Thermoplasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) [I]
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The photostabilization? of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) ? films has been investigated by using diamine derivatives. The? (PVC) films were? contained 0.5% weight? of diamine derivatives which prepared by the method of casting. The photostabilizations? ?of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl index value with irradiation time. Also, the effect ?of concentrations of additives (range 0.1-0.5wt) on the rate of photostabilization? process was studied. Therefore we found? that a increased photostabilization rates was increase with increasing? concentrations of compound. Besides, the influence? on film thickness? of photostabilization process was also studied; ?and the results? showed that? the increasing of film thickness increase the rate of photostabilization. Also, the changes in the viscosity? of the averagee molecular weight, the degree? of deterioration (?) and the average number of chain scission (s) were tracked, it was concluded? that the random chain scission is always occurs in PVC film, also Quantum yield? of the chain? scission of? these compounds? was calculated. Several mechanisms? have been? suggested and according to experimental results obtained, these mechanisms are dependent on the structure? of? the additive, Among UV absorper? and radical? scavenger.
Biological Activity of Levan Produced from Rhizospheric Soil Bacterium Brachybacterium phenoliresistens KX139300
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Levan is an exopolysaccharide produced by various microorganisms and has a variety of applications. In this research, the aim was to demonstrate the biological activity of levan which produced from B. phenoliresistens KX139300. These were done via study the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antileishmanial activities in vitro. The antioxidant levan was shown 80.9% activity at 1250 µg/mL concentration. The efficient anti-inflammatory activity of 88% protein inhibition was noticed with levan concentration at 35 µg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of levan at 2500 µg/mL concentration showed a maximum cytotoxic effect on L20B cell line and promastigotes of Leishmani tropica. Levan has dose-dependent anticancer and antileishmanial activities. An addition to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential activities of levan, it can be concluded that levan produced from B. phenoliresistens can efficiently be applied as an antileishmanial agent.
Studying Biomimetic Coated Niobium as an Alternative Dental Implant Material to Titanium (in vitro and in vivo study)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as dental implant material although it was found that titanium exhibited high modulus of elasticity and the lower corrosion tendency in oral environment. Niobium(Nb) was chosen for this study as an alternative to cpTi implant material due to its bioinert behavior and good elastic modulus and moderate cost in addition to corrosion resistance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of biomimetic coating on the surface properties of the commercially pure titanium and niobium implants by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro study was involved etching the samples of each material in HCl then soaking in 10M NaOH aqueous solution. These samples were then immersed in a 5 times concentrated simulated body fluid for 14 days. Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and X-Ray Diffraction tests were done to analyze surface changes. The in vivo study was done by the implantation of screw-shaped implants (two from each material, uncoated and the other was biomimetically coated) in the tibias of New Zealand rabbits. After 2 and 4 weeks of healing period, 20 rabbits were sacrificed for each period. A removal torque was done for ten animals in each group, whereas the other ten were used for histological testing and histomorphometric analysis with optical microscope.The in vitro experiments showed that the use of 14 days immersion in a concentrated simulated body fluid produced a layer of calcium phosphate on metal surfaces. The removal torque values and new bone formation were increased significantly in Nb than Ti, in coated than uncoated screws, and in 4 weeks than 2 weeks healing periods. The Nb implants had better biomechanical and biological properties than the commercially pure titanium implants and can be used as an alternative dental implant.
Estimation of some Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Carbon Paste Electrode Coupled with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to develop a sensor based on a carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) modified with used MIP for determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The modified electrode exhibited a significantly increased sensitivity and selectivity of (OPPs). The MIP was prepared by thermo-polymerization method using N,N-diethylaminoethymethacrylate (NNDAA) as functional monomer, N,N-1,4-phenylenediacrylamide (NNPDA) as cross-linker, the acetonitrile used as solvent and (Opps) as the template molecule. The three OPPs (diazinon, quinalphos and chlorpyrifos) were chosen as the templates, which have been selected as base analytes which used widely in agriculture sector. The extraction efficiency of the imprinted polymers has been evaluated by various parameters affecting to optimize the selective pre-concentration of OPPs from aqueous samples. The extraction efficiency of the MIPs-OPPs from environmental water samples was evaluated using carbon paste electrode and analytical parameters of the method, the slopes, linearity and detection limits of the liquid electrodes were ranged from 24.8 – 31.3 mV/decade , (10-1 - 10-7 ) mg L-1and (2.2-8.2x10-6) mg L-1, respectively with correlation coefficient (r) (0.9991-0.9998) and repeatability were established. The method was validated and successfully applied to determined OPPs compounds from environmental water samples.
Spectral studies of Nickel(II) and Chromium(III)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Complexes of Cr(III)andNi(II) ions with phthalate sulphanilate snthranillate hippurte and glycinate ions have been preparcd then the Nephelauxetic
Estimation of Ig/M & IgG values in the serum atfer intravenois
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

the present study is designed to evaluate the effect of low level laser irradiation on the immume system when administere intravenoisly
the relationship btwen serum sialic and humoral immune response in patients with sthma
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

forty-six patients with asthma were tested for the scrum levels of total sialic and diffrental the results reveled a significant increased in the scra of asthmatic patients
Detemination of zine level in blood serum by neutron activation anal ysis(N.A.A)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

zine level in serum was mesured from patients suffering ftom cancer and healthy indiciduals hindred from each individuals were classified into three according to thier age the groups were
Estimaion of LgM-anti HEV rubella and cytomegalovirus in the sera of aborted women
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Been investigating a Pfyrus antigen hepatitis pattern J and Virus-positive rubella viral hepatitis antibodies pattern J. declaration followed by the percentage rate-positive patients of measles Allmana antibodies
On The Dynamical Behavior of a Prey-Predator Model With The Effect of Periodic Forcing
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The dynamical behavior of a two-dimensional continuous time dynamical system describing by a prey predator model is investigated. By means of constructing suitable Lyapunov functional, sufficient condition is derived for the global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium of the system. The Hopf bifurcation analysis is carried out. The numerical simulations are used to study the effect of periodic forcing in two different parameters. The results of simulations show that the model under the effects of periodic forcing in two different parameters, with or without phase difference, could exhibit chaotic dynamics for realistic and biologically feasible parametric values.
The using effects of Nettle herb in elevating Hb&PCV levels
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A dose of ten grams of the roots and leaves of Nettle (Urtica dioica) dissolved in (200)ml of boiled water then covered for (10)min. was given to a sample of (15) patients attending to the herbal department of ministry of health complaining of malnutrition and low Hb(hemoglobin) concentration and PCV(packed cell volume) levels with absence of any other predisposing factors disease inorder to find the effects of these roots and leaves on Hb and PCV levels for different periods of time in relation to age and sex variations .
The study have shown that this mixture has a high significant effect (p
Theoretical Studies of Sum Optical Properties for InAs (001) by Surface Differential Reflectivity
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The real and imaginary part of complex dielectric constant for InAs(001) by adsorption of oxsagen atoms has been calculated, using numerical analysis method (non-linear least square fitting).
As a result a mathematical model built-up and the final result show a fairly good agreement with other genuine published works.
The frequency of IgM-anti HAV in the sera of patients with hepatitis in Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Three hundred and fifty five patients with hepatitis were investigated in this study all cases gave negative result with HBs Ag , IgM-anti HCV , IgM-anti HEV, IgM-anti HDV and anti-HIV tests . The frequency of IgM-anti HAV was 113 and the percentage was 32 % in all ages but when these patients divided into five groups dependent on ages. The highest percentage of IgM-anti HAV was (45%) in age 41 year.
Effect of Adding (Binder-Plastisizer-Lubricat) on the Physical Properties of Kaolin
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The study concern with the preparation of three type of mixtures; which are prepared from different percentage of polyvenil Butyral, Di-n-butyl phathalate and paraffin wax pastillated. The solvent used is Xylolzul analyses.
After washing, Drying and milling the kaolin Dukhla, as a matrix in this study, and by using sieving Tech. The range of particle size used is less than and less than as a mesh batch. The added percentage from prepared mixture were 5% and 10% to 95% and 90% of the matrix respectively. Then disk samples were prepared by using a compaction pressure with heating. After cooling and drying the samples were undergo heat treatment in the range of (1250 – 1350) oC.
The measurement of shrinkage and Dielectric properties shows that the satisfied data to be compatible with the industrial properties were for 5% (75%B + 15%P + 10%L) added to 5% to 95% of Kaolin (Particle size less than ); which was fired at 1300oC.
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OFNIGELLA SATIVA SEEDS ON THE MAMMARY GLAND OF MATURE MALE NORWAY RAT
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Nigella sativa seeds (NSS) are reputed traditionally and scientifically as a potent agent that promote milk secretion (galactagogue), but their mechanism of action is studied trivially. One suggestion was that these seeds are bio-transformed to sex hormones within the ovaries. Therefore, this investigation was designated to throw light on the action of these seeds in the absence of ovaries i.e. in male rats. Thirty Norway male albino rats were used in this investigation. They were divided into experimental (n=20,fed NSS 2g/ Kg body weight /day for 14 days) and control (n=10, fed placebo for 14 days). After sacrifice mammary gland and blood samples were obtained. Experimental rats revealed a significant increase (p (0.01>in weight, hypertrophied mammary gland lobules with dilated ducts and rise in serum prolactin level, as compared to the controls. The Mammogenic action of NSS is most probably conveyed via extra-ovarian pathway. Nigella sativa seeds have an estrogen and progesterone like action or their steroidal saponins may be biotransformed to these hormones and cause mammogenesis .
THE MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN SUNFLOWER PLANT UNDER HARDENING CONDITIONS TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE . I. PLANT HEIGHT AND STEM DIAMETER
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The objective of the work was to study the changes in height and stem diameter of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance. Field experiments were carried out during the spring season of 2000 and2001. Agricultural practices were made according to recommendations.Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments:Control(unsoaking), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron moisture meter.
Results showed that stress 600 and 800Kp caused asignificant decreasing in plan height and stem diameter at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons.The decrease in plant height at physiological maturation as a mean of seasons were 12.62 and 14.29%, and stem diameter 11.94 and 9.41%, respectively compared with full irrigation.Euroflor was superior over Flame in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2000, while Flame was superior in plant height at most growth stages during spring season of 2001 ,and in stem diameter after 30 days from planting.Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions decreased plant height at most growth stages in both seasons and as a mean of seasons. The decrease at physiological maturation as amean of seasons were 4.49 and 2.78%compared with unsoaked , and 5.27 and 3.57% compared with soaking in water, respectively.On the other hand,soaking in paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased stem diameter at physiological maturation by 9.78 and 12.18% compared with unsoaked as a mean of seasons. In conclusion, that it could reduce plant height and increase stem diameter to support the plants to drought tolerance by soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulator
Hypercyclictty and Countable Hypercyclicity for Adjoint of Operators
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Let be an infinite dimensional separable complex Hilbert space and let , where is the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators on . In this paper we prove the following results.

If is a operator, then
1. is a hypercyclic operator if and only if D and for every hyperinvariant subspace of .

2. If is a pure, then is a countably hypercyclic operator if and only if and for every hyperinvariant subspace of .

3. has a bounded set with dense orbit if and only if for every hyperinvariant subspace of , .
A systematical study about the genus Lycopus L. (Labiatae)	in Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The study included gross morphology and pollen of plants – which collected during field trips , and dry ones for most specimen preserved with the Iraqi herbaria – related to the genus Lycopus L. , and to identify the unidentified species and rectify the error there in , so according to that the species L. europaeus L. only were specified for the genus . Through this work the varity L. europaeus var. glabrescens Schmidely were found at the first time , and suggested to record anew for Iraq .
Pollen were of medium size, and had an ellipsoid shape in the equatorial view , and hexagonal in the polar view.
The ecological and soil quality where these genus plants grows were specified , and were geographically distributed on natural Iraqi territories for each one .Plate was made from many pictures in addition to the map for geographical distribution.
Measurement of Alpha Emitters Concentration in Tomato Fruits Using CR – 39 Plastic Track Detector
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Our country suffered from pollution translation as a result to the wars events, so, it is necessary to measure the amount of radiation in the fields that are of indirect contact with human life and health. The main aim of the present work is to measure the concentration of alpha emitters in tomato fruits collected from different farms in Al – Basra governorate in the south of Iraq. Nuclear track detectors of type CR – 39 are used as a detection device and Can technique as a detection technique. Results show that the maximum concentration recorded is sample no.7 of site Al – Rafidhya which was equal to (6.9621 ± 0.111) ppm and sample no.1 of site Lothan with concentration equals to (4.9236 ± 0.117) ppm. The minimum concentrations were in sample 6 of site Al – Lehaiss (1.5360 ± 0.084) ppm followed by sample 9 of site Malhan which recorded (1.6840 ± 0.111) ppm (20.208 ± 1.332 Bq/m3).
Serum ceruloplasmin ,copper and iron levels as a risk factors for coronary heart diseases(CHD)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is one of the acute phase protein, in this review ,we studied the level of ceruloplasmin with copper (Cu) and iron in 90 patients with coronary heart diseas ( those patients are divided into three groups, whom are stable angina , unstable angina and myocardial infarction compared with 30 healthy volunteers) and the roles of them as diagnostic and prognostic tools.The diagnosis was attend by a clinical examination carried out by the consult medical staff in Ibn AL-Nafis hospital.
The result: ceruloplasmin recorded a significantly(p
Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical tablets, by diazotization-coupling method with 1-naphthol as the coupling agent
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was proposed for the analysis of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MPH) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical tablets. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of MPH with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 1-naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 550 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.4 – 18 µg mL-1 of MPH with detection limit 0.5448 µg mL-1. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity are 3.4969 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0101 µg cm-2, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of MPH in pharmaceutical tablets without any interference from common excipients used as additives in tablets. The results agree favorably with the official British Pharmacopoeia method.
Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Derivatives from 4-(3, 5-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylazo)- benzoic acid
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this work pyrazolin derivatives were prepared from the diazonium chloride salt of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Azo compounds were prepared from the reaction of an ethanolic solution of sodium acetate and calculated amount of active methylene compound namely, acetyl acetone to obtain the corresponding hydrazono derivative (1). Cyclocondensation reaction of compounds (1) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine in boiling ethanol affording the corresponding pyrazoline-5-one derivatives of 4-aminobenzoic acid (2,3). Then compound (3) was reacted with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding acid chloride derivative(4), followed by conversion into the corresponding acid hydrazide derivative (5) carboxylic acid thiosemicarbazide (11), esters (14,15), thioesters (16,17) and amides (18,19), when treated hydrazine hydrate, thiosemicarbazide, alcohols, alkylthiol and secondary amines in dry refluxing benzene; respectively. Schiff's bases (6-8) were prepared by refluxing of compound (5) with different aldehydes and ketons, then two compounds from the Schiff's bases were cyclized with ?-mercapto acetic acid to give (9 and 10). Furthermore, 1,2,4-triazole derivative (12) have been also prepared by refluxing thiosemicarbazide derivative with sodium hydroxide solution (4%) followed acidification of the result using (10%)hydrolic acid. Moreover, a thiadiazole derivative (13) has been prepared by treatment of thiosemicarbazide derivative with concentrated sulfuric acid as cyclyzing agent. Finally, oxadiazole derivative (20) has prepared by condensation of its acid hydrazide derivative with carbon disulfide in basic medium.
Anovel Immunological Technique for Identification of Human Seminal Fluid
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

An immunological technique was investigated for the detection of human semen in forensic analysis.This technique included a preparation of anti-human seminal plasma antibodies, by immunizing rabbits with treated human semen. The human semen was treated with an acid to prevent cross reactivity with other human body fluids. The antibody produced was tested against different animal,s seminal fluid samples (dog, goat ,sheep, cow) and human body fluids( saliva, blood , vaginal fluid, ear wax and human semen). It was found that using this developed technique was only selectively responsed with human semen .
The prepered kit was evaluated and tested in Forensic laboratory- Ministry of Health. Finally, results were obtained in a comparison with the recommended techniques.
Measuring the concentration of some hormones in patients sera of polycystic ovaries
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Extensive evaluation of 76 women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with 25 fertile women as control group was achieved by routine investigations and hormonal study of each female which were done in one period during the menstrual cycle. Then the women with PCOS have been divided into 2 groups according to their menstrual cycle (irregular menstrual cycle) during assessing their hormonal profiles as follow:-
1- (54) Patients with oligomenorrhea.
2- (22) Patients with menorrhea.
This study shows that the women with PCOs have different clinical features taken from a history of disease of all of the women.
Those features were distributed as follow: 57.92% of them suffer from hirsutism. 19.24% suffer from irregular menstrual cycle, obesity in 67%, 9 patient with acne vulgaris, and more than 50% of them have most of the clinical symptoms at same time. It is also found that the hormonal disorder is the main cause of this disease with other cawes.
Jordan ?-Centralizers of Prime and Semiprime Rings
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following result: Let R be a 2-torsion free ring and T: R?R an additive mapping such that T is left (right) Jordan ?-centralizers on R. Then T is a left (right) ?-centralizer of R, if one of the following conditions hold (i) R is a semiprime ring has a commutator which is not a zero divisor . (ii) R is a non commutative prime ring . (iii) R is a commutative semiprime ring, where ? be surjective endomorphism of R . It is also proved that if T(x?y)=T(x)??(y)=?(x)?T(y) for all x, y ? R and ?-centralizers of R coincide under same condition and ?(Z(R)) = Z(R) .
Spectrophotometric Determination of Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Praseodymium as Mediating Metals
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determinaion of epinephrine is described . The method is based on the coordination of Pr (III) with epinephrine at pH 6. Absorbance of the resulting orange yellow complex is measured at 482 nm .
A graph of absorbance versus concentrations shows that beer 's low is obeyed over the concentration range (1-50)mg.ml-1 of epinephrine with molar absorpitivity of ( 2.180x103 L.mol-1.cm-1 ), a sandell sensitivity of (0.084 mg.cm-2 ), a relative error of (-2.83%) , a corrolation coffecient (r= 0.9989) and recovery % ( 97.03 ± 0.75 ) depending on the concentration.This method is applied to analyse EP in several commercially available pharmaceutical preparations using direct methods .All statistical calculations are implemented via a Minitab software version 11.
Phytoplankton primary production in southern Iraqi marshes after restoration
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Primary productivity and chlorophyll-a were used in this study to monitor the restoration process of southern Iraqi marshes (Al-Hewaizeh, central marshes, and Al-Hammar). The phytoplankton primary productivity was based on oxygen light/dark bottle method. Two different depths samples were taken monthly from six studied marshes stations (two stations for each marsh) during November 2005 to October 2006, while chlorophyll-a samples taken from surface water. The phytoplankton primary productivity values ranged 9.38 – 249.79 mg C/m3.hr for all marshes, its values for surface water sample ranged 11.71 – 256.24 mg C/m3.hr, while for 1m depth ranged 9.38 – 142.5 mg C/m3.hr. Chlorophyll-a values ranged between (1.1 – 21.26) µg/l indicating high values of productivity in the studied marshes comparing with other aquatic Iraqi ecosystems. Also, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation rate were measured in this study.
Study the Effect of Scattering and Disperse Radiation on Equivalent Dose Rate for Al & Pb Shields
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The effects of scattering and secondary radiation generated inside the material on dose equivalent rate where studied using Co60 and Cs137 sources of activity (199.8 , 177.6) MBq , respectively for different thicknesses of Al , Pb and Pb- glass . The results showed that the equivalent rate increases when the effect of scattering was included for Al and Pb shields with cobalt-60 source of energy 1.25 MeV ; and decreases for Pb shield with Cs-137 source of energy 0.662MeV .The results showed also that the atomic number of The material effects the dose equivalent rate . The Pb-glass shield was found to be more efficient in absorption than other shields.
Impedance Characteristics of Pulsed Atmospheric Electrical Discharge in Spherical Plasma Switch
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A number of pulsed experiments have been carried out using a high-voltage circuit containing R,L, and C in certain arrangements. A spherical spark gap of steel electrodes was used as a high-current switch operated by a voltage of up to 8kV and triggered in both self-triggering and third-electrode triggering modes.
Current measurements were carried out by using both current-viewing resistor and Rogowski coils designed for this purpose. Typical current waveforms have shown obvious dominating inductance effect of the circuit components in an underdamped oscillation.
The behavior of the circuit impedance was studied by recording both pulsed current peaks and the charging voltages when currents of up to 2.5kA were recorded. The duration of these current pulses were found to extend between 0.1?s and 0.3?s depending on the values of the circuit components as well as the spacing of the spark gap electrodes along which the plasma propagates at atmospheric pressure. Over the whole range of experimental conditions, the average nominal impedance values were ranged between (2-10)? depending on the gap and circuit parameters. Typical damage patterns were observed with average diameters of up to 8.3 mm on the high voltage electrode and 10.5 mm on the grounded sphere resulting from accumulative discharges and power dissipation within the gap.
Monitoring the Vegetation and Water Content of Al-Hammar Marsh Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The object of the presented study was to monitor the changes that had happened in the main features (water, vegetation, and soil) of Al-Hammar Marsh region. To fulfill this goal, different satellite images had been used in different times, MSS 1973, TM 1990, ETM+ 2000, 2002, and MODIS 2009, 2010. A new technique of the unsupervised classification called (Color Extracting Technique) was used to classify the satellite images. MATLAP programming used the technique and separated Al-Hammar Marsh from other water features (rivers, irrigated lands, etc.) when calculated the changes in the water content of the study region. ArcGIS 9.3 (arcMAP, arcToolbox) were used to achieve this work and calculate area of each class.
Chemical and Biological Study of Iraqi Kurdistan Chamomile Flower (Matricaria recutita L)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this study, the chamomile flowers (Matricaria recutitaL) which grow in Iraqi Kurdistan region during the seasons of (2008) are collected. The percentage of essential oil was determined by using steam distillation and the extraction of flowers performed with petroleum ether (70-80) ºC and methanol 70% using ultrasonic extraction. Total phenolic compounds were determined from methanol extracts by using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracts were evaluated by thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet absorption and the biological activities were evaluated through their antibacterial action against two types of bacteria using hole method. The flowers showed a composition of 0.071% ash, 0.4% essential oil, 3.2% non oily compounds, 4% oil, 1.9% moisture and 0.19% total phenols. The results showed that the flowers contain biological active compounds and they can be used for treatment of diseases.
The preparation and characterization of some metal complexes with tridentate ONO ligand derived from phenyl hydrazine
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The phenyl hydrazine was react readily with acetic acid chloride in [1:2] ratio in alkyl of ethanolic solution, and refluxe for five hours to produce a new ligand of (N-Carboxymethyl-N-phenyl-hydrazino)-acetic acid [H2L].
Dopping Effect on Optical Constant of Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Thick films of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)& PVC doped with Zn(etx)2 salt complex have been prepared by cast method with fixed thickness almost (120±5) Microns. Optical studies were carried out in the wavelengths region(200-900)nm based on absorption & transmition measurement. Optical parameters such as absorption coefficient(?) ,refraction index(n) and extinction coefficient(K) were observed to be effected by adding the dopant.Electrical parameters such as real(?)& imaginary(?) part of dielectric constant were also calculated part of dielectric constant were also calculated from the optical parameters using Maxwell equation.
Allelopathic potential of Myrtle, Myrtus communis L. Upon some crops
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Many experiments were achieved to determine the allelopathic potential of the plant Myrtle parts in which it may affects other plants, like: volatile substances which released from the Myrtle leaves , and its effect examined on the germination (GE) and growth (GR) of the selected crops ; Chickpea ( C ) , Wheat(W) , and Lentil (L)., the aqueous extract of the leaf and the root of the plant examined to test its effect on the (GE) and (GR) of the selected crops ; (C) , (W) , and (L)., also plant residue of (M) and its effect tested on the (GE) and (GR) of the selected crops ; ( C ) , (W) , and (L) . Experiments proceeded on Spring 2007 in the greenhouse conditions , and main results which found were that; the effect of the volatile substances released from the Myrtle plant was so great and reached significant levels in all cases and with all tested crops .Whereas, the effect of the other pathways were only in an obvious states and only in the following cases reached a significant levels which were; - the case of the effect of the plant residue on the(GR) of root , shoot , and seedlings of the selected crops ; ( C ),(W) ,and ( L) .-the case of the effect of the plant residue on the (GR) of (W) seeds. The case of the effect of the aqueous extract of the root of the Myrtle plant on the (GE) of the (C ) seeds ?- And finally, the case of the effect of the aqueous extract of the root on the (GR) of the root, shoot, and the seedlings of (L).
Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Produced water is accompanied with the production of oil and gas especially at the fields producing by water drive or water injection. The quantity of these waters is expected to be more complicated problem with an increasing in water cut which is expected to be 3-8 barrels water/produced barrel oil.Produced water may contain many constituents based on what is present in the subsurface at a particular location. Produced water contains dissolved solids and hydrocarbons (dissolved and suspended) and oxygen depletion. The most common dissolved solid is salt with concentrations range between a few parts per thousand to hundreds parts per thousand. In addition to salt, many produced waters also contain high levels of heavy metals like zinc, barium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, vanadium and low levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).This study will highlight the main aspects of the different international experiences with the produced water treatment for subsequent reuse or disposal. These different treatment methods vary considerably in effectiveness, cost and their environmental impacts. Samples of produced water from Al-Mishrif formation in ten wells belongs to five fields southern Iraq were taken and analyzed chemically to define the basic features of these waters and to have guide lines for the best strategy that required handling the increased water cut in these fields.
Evaluation the Levels of Serum Hormones (Progesterone, Estradiol, and hCG) in Preeclamptic IraqiPregnancies
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1. 30 healthy pregnant women.2. 37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3. 53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4. 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P
Numerical Approach of Linear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations Using Generalized Spline Functions
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

This paper is dealing with non-polynomial spline functions "generalized spline" to find the approximate solution of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of the second kind and extension of this work to solve system of linear Volterra integro-differential equations. The performance of generalized spline functions are illustrated in test examples
An Experimental Study of a Hollow-Fiber Membrane-Contacting System for Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation
Authors: Ghobadi Jalil , Ramirez David , Khoramfar Shooka , Jerman Robert E. , Crane Michele , Oladosu Olufemi
Published: March 2019

Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from methane (CH4) using a gas/liquid membrane-contacting system is a promising alternative to conventional absorption techniques, such as wet scrubbers. The main objective of this research was to design, develop, and implement a hollow-fiber membrane-contacting system to absorb and separate CO2 from CH4 in a simulated flare-gas stream.

A gas/liquid contacting system was constructed using microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fibers as a highly hydrophobic membrane. The module used for the experimental studies had 51-mm diameter and 200-mm effective length. The membrane module had a packing density of 60%, and the PTFE hollow fiber used in this module had a mean pore size of 0.48 µm. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale plant fed with a simulated flare-gas mixture containing 2.5% CO2 balanced with CH4 that could produce varying concentrations of inlet gas using a mass-flow controller.

CO2-separation-experimentation studies were performed, and the effect of operational variables on the separation efficiency of the system has been studied. To optimize the gas-separation performance of the membrane module, the effects of gas/liquid-flow rates, the concentration of absorbent, and the nature of the scrubbing liquid were examined. The absorption efficiency of deionized (DI) water and aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and diethanolamine (DEA) as the physical and chemical absorbents were compared. Results indicated that increasing the flow rate and concentration of the scrubbing liquid can enhance the separation efficiency; however, increasing the flow rates of the gas phase had a negative effect on the CO2-absorption performance of the system.

The conventional chemical-absorption processes for the separation of CO2 have many drawbacks, such as flooding, channeling, and foaming that can impair the mass transfer between gas and liquid, and possible equipment failure caused by corrosion. Membrane processes can offer attractive opportunities for gas-treatment applications, including removal of acidic-gas compounds from flare-gas streams that can help to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with burning the waste gases.
Intraoperative management of brain-dead organ donors by anesthesiologists during an organ procurement procedure: Results from a French survey
Authors: Champigneulle Benoit , Neuschwander Arthur , Bronchard Régis , Favé Gersende , Josserand Julien , Lebas Benjamin , Bastien Olivier , Pirracchio Romain
Published: March 2019

Background: This study aimed at describing usual anesthetic practices for brain-dead donors (BDD) during an organ procurement (OP) procedure and to assess the knowledge and self-confidence of French anesthesiologists with this practice.
Methods: An electronic and anonymous survey with closed-questions about anesthetic management of BDD was distributed to French anesthesiologists via the mailing list of the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine.
Results: 458 responses were analyzed. Respondents were mainly attending physicians with more than 10 years of clinical experience. 78% of them declared being cognizant of guidelines regarding management of BDD. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring and endocrine substitution were rarely considered by respondents (31% and 35% of respondents, respectively). 98% of the respondents used crystalloids for fluid resuscitation. During the procedure, use of neuromuscular blockers, opioids and sedative agents were considered by respectively 84%, 61% and 27% of the respondents. A very high level of agreement (10 [8-10], on a ten-points Likert-style scale) was reported concerning the expected impact of intraoperative anesthetic management on the primary function of grafts.
Conclusions: Declared anesthetic practice appeared in accordance with guidelines concerning organ donor management in the ICU. Further studies are needed to evaluate the specific impact of intraoperative management during this procedure and thus the need for specific anesthetic guidelines.
Yield Performance of Some Lentil Genotypes over Different Environments
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Asghar Muhammad Jawad , Shahid Muhammad , Hussain Jaffar , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Fiaz
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Genotype × environment interaction among 11 genotypes was highly significant over three different locations.

Genotype NL 96475A was most stable for all environments.

Genotype NL 96680 was suitable for low‐performing environments.

The assessment and measurement of yield stability of a genotype over environments is an important component of a certain breeding program. Ten elite genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) and one check variety were evaluated for their adaptability at three different locations of Punjab Province, viz—Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad; Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal; and Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Bhakar. Trials were conducted during two consecutive years (2013–2014). Genotype × environment interactions (of crossover nature) among 11 genotypes and 3 environments were observed to be highly significant. Mean seed yield was found maximum for NL 56‐1 (718 kg ha−1) followed by NL 96475A (709 kg ha−1) during 2013. However, NL 96475A had shown stable performance at different locations and was better responsive to favorable conditions having high regression coefficients. NL 96680 also appeared to be a stable genotype for low‐performing environments, as it had a regression coefficient less than unity. In the year 2014, the same genotypes, NL 96475A and NL 96680, had shown stable performance. NL 96475A was found suitable for all environments, and NL 96680 was suited to a low‐performing environment. On the basis of these observations, it has been concluded that NL 96475A was the most stable genotype with mean yield greater than the grand mean, nonsignificant estimates of unit regression coefficient, and deviation from regression.
Optimal Nitrogen Rate Can Be Predicted Using Average Yield and Estimates of Soil Water and Leaf Nitrogen with Infield Experimentation
Authors: Lawes Roger A. , Oliver Yvette M. , Huth Neil I.
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Nitrogen fertilizer decisions can be improved when on‐farm experimentation is combined with historical yields and the sensing of crop N and soil water status.

Crop simulation and machine learning can be combined to gain insight into the key drivers that influence an N decision.

In spring wheat crop, an N‐minus strip can provide advanced warning of an impending N stress.

Crop nitrogen (N) fertilizer decision aids traditionally provide an N fertilizer recommendation that requires information about the supply of N from the soil and the likely demand of N by the crop. These are often complex to implement. To simplify, we take elements of multiple N decision philosophies and, by way of simulation and machine learning, determine which variables need to be estimated to inform N decisions for rainfed wheat that are near optimal. Simulations were conducted using the APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) crop wheat model for sites across the Australian grain belt for fields containing test strips where 0 or an additional 80 kg N ha−1 of fertilizer was added. The random forest analysis of 59 separate soil and plant variables within the 1.2 million simulations demonstrated that the long‐term mean yield was the most important variable to predict the optimal N rate for a particular site and season. When long‐term mean yield was used to predict the optimal N regime for a given season alone, the RMSE of the predicted N rate was 53.9 kg N ha−1. The RMSE declined to 21.8 kg N ha−1 when additional information was included in the Random Forest analysis. Leaf N concentration and soil water status to depth enhanced the N prediction, especially when this information was collected from an infield N experiment with an N‐minus, standard, and N‐rich strip of N.