bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Многогранность понятия «Живое»: смыслы и атрибуты / Life as multifaceted category: its meanings and attributes
Authors: Черноухов Сергей
Published: June 2021

Состояние вопроса: Проблема определения понятия «жизнь» (в том числе – определения набора признаков и свойств, отличающих «живое» от «не-живого») давно является дискуссионной. Однако в современном мире с развитием синтетической биологии, робототехники, технологий машинного обучения и др. она приобретает особую актуальность. Одним из подходов к ее решению может являться признание внутренней неоднородности понятия «жизнь» и катего-рирование классов объектов, им охватываемых.
Результаты: Исходя из анализа определений понятия «жизнь» были проанализированы его ос-новные атрибуты. Сделано предположение, что наличие своего «Я» (сознания/ самосознания) можно считать важнейшим родовым признаком «действительно живого»/ «субъектного» по сравнению с другими классами биологических и подобным им не-биологических объектов. На-личие же также способности к научному познанию, а что еще более важно – наличие этики у «живых» сущностей, позволяет нам говорить об их принадлежности к еще более высоким уровням понятия «живого».
Область применения результатов: Предложенный в статье подход представляется полезным для более точного определения и обозначения «живых» объектов и их свойств как в дискурсе, так и при построении теоретических конструктов.
Выводы: Понятие «жизнь» – сложное и неоднородное. При построении теоретических конст-руктов, в ходе ведения дискуссий, в практической деятельности необходимо, по возможности, сужать и конкретизировать классы рассматриваемых «живых» объектов.
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Background: Nowadays there is no consensus about definition of the category “life” as well as about the attributes of “live item”. A tremendous upgrowth of synthetic biology, robotics, machine learning, etc makes this problem more and more important. The introduced approach is based on acceptation that “life” is a multifaceted category, so we should divide this term into some subcategories and find the most appropriate attributes to do that.
Results: A number of definitions of “life” are observed. The key attributes of “life” are analyzed. It is proposed to consider evidence of “self” (awareness/ self-awareness) as the most important attribute of “real life”/ “life as subject”. Ability to deal with science and moreover with ethics (that is more impor-tant) can be considered as features of more advanced forms of it.
Implications: The introduced approach seems to be beneficial as well for discussions as for theory development because it may avoid multiple meanings and thus make them to be more exact and productive. At least, the article may be considered as an “invite” to keep on the reflection.
Conclusion: As “life” is a very multifaceted category we should specialize it when we hold discussion, develop theoretical construct or in actual practice.
Philosophical anthropology and the institution of penalty for juvenile offenders
Authors: Singilevich Dmitriy Aleksandrovich , Evreeva Olga , Asanova Liudmila , Avdalyan Artur Yashevich , Kapustina Darya
Published: June 2021

The article looks at the fundamental principles of legal anthropology and the correlation between such principles and the criminal regulation of the institution of penalty for juvenile offenders in the Russian Federation. Anthropological guidelines in line with which criminal regulation of this institution should be brought are substantiated. The conclusion about the necessity of improvement of criminal legislation concerning juvenile offenders.
Emanuel Beška, Gabriel Pirický, Jaroslav Drobný: Nenaplnené nádeje Arabskej jari – Desaťročie revolúcií, povstání a konfliktov na Blízkom východe
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Tarant Zbyněk
Published: June 2021

Book review.
To what extent did foreign aspects influence the religion of the Judahites? Sanctuaries, altars and terracotta figurines
Authors:   Charles University, Czech Republic, Moulis David Rafael
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to understand the foreign influence on Iron Age Judahite sacred architecture, offering and incense altars and clay figurines in the context of the latest archaeological finds from Israel. The important discoveries from the recent years are the Judahite temple at Tel Moẓa, the two-horned Philistine altar from Gath and a “horse and rider” figurine from Moẓa. Searching and analyzing parallels to the archaeological evidence from other sites is key to interpreting them from a different perspective. The architecture of the sanctuary at Moẓa reflects in antis (North Syrian) style that is also known from the Biblical description of the Solomonic temple. Nonetheless, the Arad sanctuary is a mixture of Early Bronze and Iron Age elements. The horned altars from Beer-sheba and Dan or Megiddo in northern Israel are related to the Philistine type which originated in the Aegean region and in Egypt. The motive of horns can be observed across these cultures, but their interpretation could be different for each culture. Relatively small objects, the Judean Pillar figurines, replace older nude terracotta plaques from the Late Bronze Age known from Egypt, Mesopotamia and a variety of places in the Middle East. The fundamental feature shared by all of them was basically connected to fertility. The other type of figurines, such as the “horse and rider figurines”, were symbols of the elite and not images of the male deity, as was presented in the past. The horse with the remains of the rider’s feet was found at Moẓa in a clear cultic context, where it was used and smashed during a ritual. Why this happened is still unanswered. The Judahite cult was, thanks to its position among hegemons and due to nearby trade roads, influenced by Egypt, Aegean region, Syria and Mesopotamia. However, the meaning of objects or “symbols” differed from site to site.
Výzkum ekonomické funkce muslimských spolků v Německu a Rakousku
Authors:   University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, Klapetek Martin
Published: June 2021

The study deals with the economic function of Muslim organizations in Germany and Austria. Sales and services are a research topic that is associated not only with organized Muslims. Other included participants are individualized and cultural Muslims. The economic activities of these organizations also have an impact on customers from non-Muslim societies. The study is based on a critical reflection of expert discussion, non-participant observations conducted during field research, analysis of photo documentation obtained by the researcher, descriptions of the visited locations, as well as the self-presentation of communities. The economic function is interrelated with other activities of the associations. Primarily, it has an impact on the organization´s educational, leisure-oriented, social, and cultural activities. Financial resources gained from renting or operating shops or services are vital to secure the operation of an association and its development. Based on the analysis of the data obtained during field research, it is possible to design a basic typology of shops and establishments. The first sphere contains groceries, greengroceries, and butcher´s shops. Tea rooms differ from restaurants or cafés in their multifunctionality. The second sphere consists of travel agencies, bookshops, household goods, and textile shops. The third type contains services related to hair care. Last but not least, the paper deals with funeral services focused on Muslim clients. Among the key variables bearing an impact on the functioning of businesses are conveniently chosen business premises and adequately established working hours. Changes in the economic activities of Muslim associations in Germany and Austria show not only the transformation of the community itself but also its immediate surroundings.
Pavel Maškarinec: Kvalita demokracie v Mongolsku
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Hlaváček Pavel
Published: June 2021

Book review.
Corpus Analysis of Metadiscourse in Undergraduate Academic Projects
Authors: Mohd Noor Noorzan , Mohamed Alam Amaal Fadhlini
Published: June 2021

Writers engage different types of metadiscourse markers in interacting with the readers. They provide indicators in their writing of the contents to help readers comprehend and respond to the text. This paper is a preliminary study to identify types and categories of metadiscourse found in a corpus of undergraduate academic projects (UAP corpus). This study is significant as it identifies types and categories of metadiscourse found in both good and weak undergraduate academic writing. Hence, this study is relevant to further support related research on the use of metadiscourse among tertiary level students to write effectively in academic writing. Since metadiscourse has never been directly taught as a subject to undergraduate students, it may contribute to the lack of awareness on metadiscourse functions in effective writing. In this study, the metadiscourse items in UAP corpus are identified and rated by inter-raters. It is a corpus-based research study that involves collecting, analyzing, and using qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify metadiscourse items in the corpus.
Malaysian vs Philippines News Report
Authors: Ismayatim Wan Faizatul Azirah , Sriniwasss Sridevi , Thanthawi Jauhari Nadiah
Published: June 2021

This paper reports on a study on Experiential meaning particularly the main process types used in the reporting of the airstrike event launched by Malaysian security forces on March 5, 2013 during the intrusion of “Sulu Sultan” followers in Lahad Datu. Data for the study comprised text reports pertinent to the airstrike event published in four different English newspapers which are The News Straits Times (NST), The Star (TS), The Philippine Daily Inquirer (TPDI) and The Philippine Star (TPS). A total of 8 texts were analysed. Various methods have been developed to study newspapers representation and stance of controversial issues which include content analysis, critical discourse analysis, lexical cohesion, the use of metaphors, transitivity and thematic analysis among others. However, the framework of transitivity has not been widely used. Hence, Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), in particular, the System of Transitivity propounded by M.A.K. Halliday (1994) was used to bridge the gap in research and the methodology of text analysis was deployed. The study revealed that NST was the only newspaper which highlighted the sorrow and the grief of Malaysians and its Prime Minister in which this newspaper accounts for the most in employing the Mental Processes, while TS, TPDI and TPS highlighted more on the physical actions and the resoluteness of both countries in handling the Lahad Datu conflict when Material Processes were dominant in these newspapers.
A Textual Analysis of Theme and Rheme Structures in Editorials A Systemic Functional Perspective
Authors: A. Hamid Huzaifah
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze the way writers use language in order to fulfill a purpose by measuring the similarities and differences in editorials with regard to Theme and Rheme choices. Two letters of opinion of an editorial were used in this study to investigate the thematic choices that might differ, given their different purposes. The results indicated that the writers presented the information directly without emphasizing on any proposition encoded in the clauses. Besides, it was also found that the intervention made by the writers is less obvious, as measured by the low occurrences of Interpersonal Theme. In addition, it can also be concluded that the letter of support is more cohesive than the letter of oppose because of its higher occurrences of Textual Theme.

Textual metafunction; ; ; systemic functional linguistics; comparative studies
Chapter 5 (EPC551 – MIPv1)
Authors: Mohd Nazmir Muhammad Akmal Nabil , Amir Faezal Omar Muzaffar Bin
Published: June 2021

Instructional Design is the practice of creating "instructional experiences which make the acquisition of knowledge and skill more efficient, effective, and appealing. Utilising the resources such as Textbook, GAGNE, and ARCS method of learning allows the Instructional Design to take shape of an English language game that aims to educate students, and allow the students an immersive experience and entertain themselves playing a video game that aims to teach Grammar, Reading Comprehension, and Listening exercises. The objective of this game is to instil entertainment in learning via the application of an immersive video game, rife with both lore and characters.
Sobre Nicolás Dip, Libros y alpargatas. La peronización de estudiantes, docentes e intelectuales de la UBA (1966-1974)
Authors: Toro-Blanco Pablo
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Serge Gruzinski, ¿Para qué sirve la historia?
Authors: Breña Roberto
Published: June 2021

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La historia de la familia y la demografía histórica en la Europa rural, siglos XVI-XVIII. Evoluciones recientes, 2000-2019
Authors: García González Francisco , Gómez Cosme
Published: June 2021

¿Qué lugar les corresponde en la actualidad a los estudios sobre la población y la familia en el marco de la historia rural europea de la época moderna? ¿Siguen siendo dos campos científicos interconectados? ¿Se trata de un tipo de conocimiento meramente acumulativo y continuista de unas líneas de investigación ya trazadas? ¿No hay margen para la innovación? El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un balance de lo realizado durante estas dos últimas décadas así como apuntar algunas propuestas de futuro. Se trata de un recorrido de la historia de las estructuras a la historia social de la población que, con un marcado carácter relacional y diferencial, está abriendo el camino hacia una renovación historiográfica que puede considerarse profunda e innovadora en algunos aspectos, al contrario de la imagen trasnochada y caduca que con frecuencia se ofrece de este ámbito de investigación.
“Isso é Cris Ronaldo”: Representações de masculinidade na Copa do Mundo do Jornal Folha de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Andre Luiz dos Santos , Dieder Janaina Andretta , Dullius Rafael Goulart , Sanfelice Gustavo Roese
Published: June 2021

Este texto analisa um conjunto de publicações que representam o jogador da seleção portuguesa Cristiano Ronaldo como dissonante dos códigos de conduta prescritos para o Futebol. Para tanto, toma a cobertura do jornal Folha de São Paulo, ao longo do período dos jogos da Copa do Mundo FIFA/Brasil/2014, como espaço de produção do material empírico. Agrupadas, as publicações que tematizavam Cristiano Ronaldo foram analisadas a partir dos pressupostos da categoria Gênero e do conceito de representação. Ao longo do processo de produção e organização do material empírico, foi possível perceber que as publicações sobre o atleta português estiveram vinculadas à coluna “Copa e Cozinha”, local especialmente pensado para tratar com irreverência dos acontecimentos da Competição. Evidenciado como egocêntrico, extravagante, vaidoso e adepto às práticas de autocuidado e embelezamento, consideradas excessivas, Cristiano Ronaldo parece romper com alguns códigos de conduta prescritos para/pelo esporte. Desse modo, a coluna “Copa e Cozinha” faz uso da “zuação” como um aparato que avalia, qualifica e julga o que é inapropriado e excessivo no atleta português, tecnologia que tem como finalidade a regulação das condutas e a manutenção de hierarquias de gênero.
الصور البيانية في الأربعين النووية للإمام أبي زكريا يحيى بن شرف الدين النووي
Authors: Muammar
Published: June 2021

Hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW adalah harta karun besar dalam dunia ilmu bahasa Arab terutama dalam bidang Balagah, dan diantara cabang ilmu Balagah adalah al-Bayan yaitu ilmu yang membahas tentang tata bahasa atau morfologi, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti bentuk, fungsi dan makna kalimat al-Bayan yang terdapat pada hadist-hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam buku "Al-Arba'in An- Nawawiyah” khususnya dalam pandangan analogi dan metafora. Kefasihan dan kepandaian beretorika merupakan salah satu mukjizat dari Nabi Muhammad SAW, sebagaimana Allah telah melebihkan Nabi Muhammad SAW dari pada nabi lainnya dengan ucapan yang pendek dan tetapi memliki makna yang mendalam. Selanjutnya salah satu contoh dari bentuk kalimat al-Bayan dalam kitab “Al- Arbain An-Nawawiyah” ialah sabda nabi Muhammad SAW:

(وَمَنْ وَقَعَ في الشُّبُهَاتِ وَقَعَ في الْحَرَامِ، كَالرَّاعِى يَرْعَى حَوْلَ الْحِمَى يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَرْتَعَ فِيهِ) dalam contoh ini nabi Muhammad menyerupai keadaan seseorang yang terjatuh dalam perkara syubhat sebagaimana keadaan seorang penggembala yang sedang menggembalakan hewan ternaknya di sekitaran area kawasan padang rumput yang terlarang karena perjanjian adat, bila hewan ternaknya masuk ke daerah terlarang maka ia akan dijatuhi hukuman adat, dan hal ini tentu akan sangat beresiko bagi diri penggembala tersebut.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN GENDER DALAM TINGKAT KEDISIPLINAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nur Eka
Published: June 2021

This study entitled the analysis of gender differences in the level of student learning discipline during the Covid 19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in the level of student learning discipline and the level of learning discipline among female students in the education department in Palu City during the covid pandemic 19.

The research approach used is quantitative research through the survey method, namely research used to obtain data that occurred in the past or present, regarding beliefs, opinions, characteristics, behavior, variable relationships and to test several hypotheses about sociological and psychological variables from the sample drawn from a specific population. Data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire. Technique of data analysis through independent sample T-test. The population in this study were students majoring in education in the city of Palu. The technique used in sampling in this study was purposive random sampling technique. The results showed that there was no difference in the level of student learning discipline and the level of learning discipline among female students during the Covid 19 pandemic. This can be seen from the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.573> 0.05, so Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. This means that students have the same opportunities, both men and women in terms of discipline in learning.
DAMPAK PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KEPRIBADIAN ANAK
Authors: Bahar
Published: June 2021

Islamic education is physical and spiritual guidance based on Islamic laws to form main personality according to Islamic standards. In other words, the main personality is the Muslim personality, that is the personality who has Islamic religious values, chooses and decides and acts based on Islamic norms, and is responsible in accordance with Islamic values. The general indicator of an ideal personality of a child is to always pay attention to his/her behavior in worship, traditional behavior, destructive behavior, and constructive behavior. Behavior in worship, for example carrying out prayers perfectly, both in terms of pillars and conditions, doing remembrance and praise of Allah (dhikr) and wirid after prayer, as well as completing the sunnah rawatib prayers. Traditional behavior, for example in ethics of eating, is preceded by praying, eat with the right hand, social and friendly etiquette, travel etiquette, and so on. Destructive behavior, for example avoiding the dangers of lust, the dangers of wealth and being stingy, disdainful and showing off, being arrogant, boasting, cheating, and so on. The constructive behavior, for instance always do self-reflection and self-introspection, tafakkur,etc.
Pirâmide financeira e marketing multinível
Authors: Kaefer Paulo Roberto , Puhl Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Em períodos de crises econômicas, em que as pessoas buscam alternativas para superar as dificuldades financeiras, surgem novos casos de golpes envolvendo as pirâmides financeiras, com a falsa divulgação de enriquecimento rápido e fácil. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as principais características de uma pirâmide financeira, esclarecer a diferença entre o esquema de pirâmide financeira e marketing multinível e identificar os crimes correlatos. O método utilizado foi dedutivo com técnica de revisão bibliográfica. Foi possível concluir que para identificar uma pirâmide é necessário verificar se o negócio se sustenta através da taxa de ingresso de novos membros. O marketing multinível se diferencia das pirâmides pois se sustenta através das vendas de produtos. Pirâmides são esquemas insustentáveis, tem vida curta e poucas são as pessoas que realmente ganham dinheiro em função do prejuízo dos demais participantes do esquema e, apesar de haver previsão legal de crimes e penas, estas se mostram pouco eficazes.
Violência contra mulher
Authors: Maieski Kamyla , Taporosky Filho Paulo Silas
Published: June 2021

O presente escrito tem como objetivo apresentar as formas de violência sofridas pelas mulheres pelo ponto de vista da criminologia feminista, expondo as medidas protetivas de urgência em sua (in)neficiência – ao considerar a finalidade para a qual se destinam. Inicialmente, expõe-se pela perspectiva feminista a violência doméstica e familiar sofrida pela mulher, abordando a Lei Maria da Penha no que diz respeito às medidas protetivas de urgência, destacando sua finalidade e o paradigma social da violência contra a mulher na contemporaneidade que necessita de superação mediante outras posturas estatais e da sociedade como um todo. Nesse sentido, destaca-se que as medidas atualmente existentes não são suficientes para dar conta da problemática da violência contra a mulher, pois pautadas muitas vezes num mero caráter repressivo. Por assim ser, aborda-se recente alteração na Lei Maria da Penha, dada pela Lei n.º 13.984/20, que acrescentou duas novas modalidades de medidas protetivas que possuem outra abordagem em sua prática, uma vez que voltadas ao tratamento do agressor ante ao cometimento da violência, apontando para tal alteração como possível rompimento de um paradigma meramente repressivo e voltado para um tratamento mais abrangente da problemática. A elaboração do presente artigo se pautou em revisão bibliográfica com abordagem da inovação legislativa pelo método hipotético-dedutivo.
Importance of Social Competency Development During Business University Studies
Authors: Depoo Lucie , Šnýdrová Markéta , Šnýdrová Ivana , Petrů Gabriela Ježková
Published: June 2021

Adequate level of social competencies after university graduation is necessary for today’s competitive environment. This study aims to identify and present most important social competencies based on perceptions of students and graduates of case business university. The data were collected by questionnaire survey of graduates in 2017–2018. Two dimensional statistical methods were used to evaluate the results. Examination of graduates leads to identification of factors affecting preferences in higher education to fill expectation of current society and labor market. Specific factors impacting evaluation of business education and its development are discussed. The results show current approaches towards social competency development. Limit of the study is a narrow focus on one private business university. It may be taken as case study and a base for further research and benchmarking between universities.
Data and E-commerce: An Economic Relationship
Authors: Klimek Libor , Funta Rastislav
Published: June 2021

In almost all sectors, online services play a much larger role than a few years ago. Data-driven platform models combine an ever greater degree of market power. The associated concentration effect leads to the displacement of medium-sized companies from the market. When looking at the large platforms of this new digital economy their success model is based almost exclusively on generating data and extracting economically useful information from this data. In relation to trading platforms, the use of data serves among other things to increase efficiency. The so-called data sharing offers numerous advantages that can be leveraged in connection with e-commerce platforms. Due to this, we will first take a closer look at e-commerce and the special economic characteristics of the business model of digital platforms (especially Amazon). The next chapter discusses the current legal framework and focus on the antitrust claims of retailers against online platforms. Then, we will deal with the legal-political approaches to the digital platform economy. The study concludes with various options for action which can be derived from the legal and economic explanations outlined in the previous chapters.
Informal care in the context of long-term health care for the elderly in Slovenia: A qualitative study
Authors: Pavlič Danica Rotar , Maksuti Alem , Panić Aleksandra , Pavleković Klara
Published: June 2021

Background

Slovenia is an aging society. Social security expenditures for the elderly are rising steadily, and the majority of Slovenians are firmly convinced that the state must provide elder care. This situation means that informal caregivers face many challenges and problems in their altruistic mission.

Objectives

To explore the experiences and feelings of informal caregivers and to provide an understanding of how informal caregivers support the elderly and what challenges and difficulties they face in Slovenian society.

Methods

The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 10 caregivers. In addition to descriptive statistics, we conducted a qualitative study using the qualitative content analysis method.

Results

We identified four themes among health caregivers’ experiences with challenges and problems in providing long-term health care for the elderly. Caregivers pointed out that they are mostly left to themselves and their altruistic mission of giving informal long-term care to their elderly relatives and friends. Systemic regulation of the national public health care system is the source of many problems.

Conclusion

Other social systems determine and limit the position of informal caregivers in Slovenia. This qualitative study should be understood as useful stepping-stone to future research and real improvement in this area.
Prevalence and incidence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Slovenia
Authors: Jazbar Janja , Pišek Špela , Locatelli Igor , Kos Mitja
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Frailty is recognized as one of the most important global health challenges as the population is aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and incidence of frailty, and associated factors, among the population of older adults in Slovenia compared to other European countries.

Methods

The prevalence and 4-year incidence of frailty among older adults (≥65 years) were evaluated using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Frailty was defined by the SHARE operationalization of Frailty phenotype. Multiple logistic regression model was used to explore factors associated with frailty.

Results

Age-standardized prevalence (95% CI) of frailty and pre-frailty in Slovenia were 14.9% (13.3-16.5) and 42.5% (39.8-45.2), respectively. Factors (OR, 95% CI) associated with increased frailty in Slovenia included age (7584 years: 5.03 (3.08-8.22); ≥85 years 21.7 (10.6-44.7) vs. 65-74 years), self-rated health (fair: 4.58 (2.75-7.61), poor: 54.6 (28.1-105.9) vs. excellent/very good/good), number of chronic diseases (1.20 (1.03-1.40)), and polypharmacy (yes: 3.25 (1.93-5.48) vs. no). Female gender and lower education were significantly associated with pre-frailty, but not frailty, in the adjusted model. Independently of these characteristics, age-standardized prevalence of frailty varied among geographical regions. Age-standardized 4-year incidence of frailty and pre-frailty in Slovenia were 6.6% (3.0-10.1) and 40.2% (32.7-47.6), respectively.

Conclusion

Among the Slovenian population of older adults aged 65 years and older, the age-standardized prevalence of frailty is 15% and 4-year incidence of frailty is 7%. Regional differences in Slovenia show the lowest prevalence in central Slovenian regions and the highest in northeastern Slovenian regions.
Таможенный потенциал как важнейшее условие экономического роста: региональный аспект
Authors: ТРЕТЬЯК Н. А.
Published: June 2021

Рассмотрены теоретические аспекты формирования понятия таможенного потенциала. Выявлены факторы, определяющие уровень таможенного потенциала. Произведена оценка степени использования таможенного потенциала на примере Дальневосточного федерального округа. Сделан вывод о наличии проблем, ограничивающих рост таможенного потенциала на региональном уровне, и о необходимости усиления мер государственной поддержки.
Perceptions of and Actions toward Unproductive and Deleterious Faculty
Authors: Desselle Shane Paul , Zgarrick David , Ramachandran Sujith
Published: June 2021

Background: Academic deadwood is a term used to describe certain faculty whose behaviors are counter to the organization’s goals. Little is known about those behaviors and aspects of performance considered most problematic, nor how academic pharmacy is addressing the issue of these faculty.
Objectives:(1) Ascribe the salience of various factors in defining deleterious, or so-called “deadwood” faculty and determine differences in these perceptions according to faculty institution, rank, discipline, years of experience, and other personal and work-related factors; (2) identify perceptions of what is currently done and what should be done in response to these faculty; and (3) discern differences among faculty and administrators in these perceptions.
Methods: The study utilized a web-based survey of U.S. faculty in colleges/schools of pharmacy delivered to a census sample of 3378 members within 2018 AACP list-servs. Items were developed from the literature with the express intent of measuring various aspects of academic deadwood pertaining to the study objectives. Reminders were employed to maximize survey responses. Frequency distributions and chi-square statistics were conducted to describe the data.
Results: The research found poor quality of teaching, poor citizenship behaviors, and lack of scholarly publications to be defining of deadwood. Responding faculty believed that there should be attempts to develop and rejuvenate these faculty, but also disciplinary actions and termination in some cases. The research identified a significant gap between the frequencies of actions currently being taken in response to these faculty versus the frequency with which actions should be taken. While there were differences of opinion in describing and recommending frequency of action in response to these faculty, respondents from different types of institutions and holding different administrative appointments and rank were largely in agreement. 
Conclusions: There was general agreement among faculty in varying positions, including supervisory ones, at different types of institutions on what is currently being done and what should be done in regard to deadwood faculty. The paper discusses implications for communication and academic governance, even within the boundaries of policies, rules, and regulations at the larger, institutional level.
Relações de causalidade entre variáveis ambientais e econômicas
Authors: Dos Santos José Martins , Marquetti Adalmir Antônio , De Oliveira Guilherme
Published: June 2021

Este estudo analisa as relações entre mudança técnica, crescimento econômico e a emissão de dióxido de carbono, CO2, por meio da estimação de testes de causalidade de Granger em painel para uma amostra de 56 países entre 1980 e 2014. A estratégia empírica inova ao considerar os efeitos fixos e a dependência transversal entre as unidades do painel. Os resultados sugerem o predomínio de relações de causalidade partindo de variáveis econômicas para ambientais. Contudo, novas evidências robustas mostram que variações na emissão de CO2 precedem variações na intensidade de capital e consumo de energia em todos os subgrupos de países da amostra.
Musical Totem: A Collaborative Composition Methodology During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carrillo Víctor Manuel Rubio , Echeverría-Valencia David , Vaca Eliana Sofia , Prado Sebastián López
Published: June 2021

As part of the Action Research Network of the Americas, the Musical Learning Community is a collaborative group, founded during the COVID-19 global pandemic, that has brought together musicians, artists, and educators to generate shared experiences. As members of this community, we explore new ways for collaborative music-making. Through creative, cultural, and conceptual influences, the idea of the Musical Totem emerged as a collaborative music composition methodology to transcend geographical distancing. We sought interpretative freedom by adopting methods of the surrealist technique Cadavre Exquis (Exquisite Corpse) while relying on the rich concept of totems to find thematic material and set compositional parameters. The process was carried out using arts-based and autoethnographic research approaches, which provided insights into our creative musical responses and remote collaborative working processes. This endeavor showed us that symbolism can provide compositional and performative challenges and that, as a methodology, the Musical Totem can create freedom and constraints depending on the musician, the conceptual influences, and the instrumentation. We also learned that engaging in a collaborative music-making process led to increased community bonding through shared creative expression.
Isolation, identification, preservation and determinations of lactic acid bacteria from chicken’s gut content at 26 days old
Authors: DUMITRU MIHAELA , SORESCU IONUT , CIURESCU GEORGETA , HABEANU MIHAELA
Published: June 2021

Chichens’s gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents a large bacterial diversity and can be a beneficial source in order to the isolation of probiotics candidates. In this study, twentythree strains from Lactobacillus genus (one strain of L. acidophilus biotype 1, eight strains of L. acidophilus biotype 3, one of L. crispatus, five of L. fermentum biotype 1, two of L. brevis biotype 2, five of L. salivarius and one strain of L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii) were isolated, cultured, and conserved from ileum and cecum digesta of sixteen chickens, 26 days old, based on their phenotypic characters. The strains confirmation was done by apiwebTM API 50 CHL V.5.1, BioMerieux (France) software, and ABIS online soft. The Lactobacillus strains (106 -108 CFU/g intestinal content) level in the selective medium were determined. The growth of Lactobacillus strains conserved at 4°C (from 48 days to 7 months) and room temperature (from 48 to 90 days) was evaluated. This study showed that chickens can be a stable source for isolating possibly active probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). From Lactobacillus strains isolated and identified, respectively L. fermentum biotype 1 and L. brevis biotype 2 are theoretically suitable for continual testing of probiotic properties.
Effect of fat replacement with modified starch on composition and quality of cream cheese
Authors: MEHANNA NABIL , MAHMOUD ABD EL-AZIZ , ELSHENAWY AHMED , EL-AHWAL RASHAD
Published: June 2021

This study aims to produce low-calorie cream cheese (CC) to reduce the problems caused by high-fat cream cheese for some consumers by replacing milk fat with modified starch. Milk fat (MF) of buffalo’s milk was partially or fully (0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) replaced by modified starch for making single cream cheese (SCC) or double cream cheese (DCC) aiming to produce low-calorie CC. The cheese samples were analyzed when fresh and after ten days of cold storage. Moisture gradually increased with increasing percentage of replacement and decreased with storage. Replacement of MF decreased protein and increased carbohydrate contents in general, while acidity increased gradually and pH decreased with increasing percentage of replacement and with storage. Energy content was significantly decreased by more replacement of MF and increased by advancing storage. Spreadability of DCC showed the same trend of energy results. Replacement of MF up to 50% improved the organoleptic properties while the full replacement adversely affected the organoleptic properties of CC.
Bottom-up effects on arthropod communities in Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae) fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge
Authors: Fernandes de Souza Gezilene , Leite Germano  Leão Demolin , Silva Farley William Souza , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda , Silva Júlia Letícia , Texeira Gustavo  Leal , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: June 2021

Sewage sludge is a nitrogen-rich organic compound, which can be used to aid development in plants such as Platycyamus regnellii (Fabaceae), in the recovery of degraded areas. This study aimed to assess the bottom-up effects on leaf mass and percentage ofground cover (leaf litter, herbaceous plants, and grasses) in P. regnellii trees fertilized (or not) with dehydrated sewage sludge and arthropod communities over 24 months. Platycyamus regnellii trees fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge presented significantly more leavesper branch, branches per tree, and a higher percentage of ground cover compared to unfertilized trees. Phenacoccus sp. (Pseudococcidae) was the most abundant phytophagous insect associated with P. regnellii trees. Fertilization did not affect the abundance, diversity, and species richness of Hemiptera phytophagous on P. regnellii trees. However, fertilizedtrees presented higher abundance and species richness of trophobiont-tending ants compared to unfertilized trees, with Camponotus sp. being the most abundant regardless of the treatment. Fertilized P. regnellii trees also presented higher species richness of natural enemies compared to unfertilized ones, with Aranae and Dolichopodidae being the most abundant. We concluded that fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge improved P. regnellii trees leafmass and ground cover and increased the diversity of trophobiont-tending ants and natural enemies. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the arthropods community associated withthis tree species. This suggests that upon fertilization, P. renellii trees are useful for ecological restoration in severely disturbed areas.
Geological Structure and Tectonic Reconstruction of Botutonuo and Surrounding Areas, Gorontalo
Authors: M Abdullah Anggun Farwati , Kasim Muhammad , Hutagalung Ronal
Published: June 2021

The research aimed to reconstruct the geological structure and tectonics based on fault, shear fracture and veins data of the Botutonuo and surrounding areas. This research was conducted with DEM interpretation method to determine the lineament pattern of rock offsets and the geological structure mapping method. Geological structure analysis was carried out by using kinematic analysis method of fault, fracture and veins data using the Win Tensor program to obtain the direction and type of stress forming it. Based on the results of the analysis, extensive stress and transtensive stress trendingN-S resulted direction of Normal Fault and Slip Fault (NE-SW). Extensional stress trending (NE-SW) is the result of reorientation stress trending (N-S) in the North Sulawesi arm which is accommodated by the Gorontalo Fault regime. Normal fault and slip fault are the 2nd order faults of the 1st order faults of Gorontalo faults.
Calculation of Limestone Reserves in the East Biluhu Region, Gorontalo district, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Annisa Widya , Kasim Muhammad , Manyoe Intan Noviantari
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of natural resources. Natural resources are widely used in various areas of human life. One of the resources that is often used is limestone. Limestone is a non-metallic mining material that has considerable potential and reserves and spreads across almost all parts of Indonesia, but the exact amount of reserves is not yet known. The research aims to predict the amount of packstone-type limestone reserves using geophysical methods. This research was conducted using the geoelectric method with the Schlumberger configuration, where the resistivity geoelectric data obtained variations in resistivity and layer thickness. From this data, it is then interpreted to determine the type of rock in the surface area, and making a 3D model to determine the distribution of limestone in the study area and to calculate the amount of limestone reserves in the study area. Based on the research results, it is known that the research area is dominated by packstone with a resistivity value of 16.6 Ωm - 1.3x105 Ωm. The calculation result of packstone reserves in the study area is 73,629,403tons.
KEKUASAAN DISKRESI HAKIM PENGADILAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Widiastiani Nindry Sulistya
Published: June 2021

In this article the author discusses the discretionary powers granted to Labour Dispute Court judges. Better known, in comparison, are the discretionary powers of criminal court judges in determining penal sanctions or of Islamic court judges when granting dispensation to marry for underage couples. Using a juridical normative method, the discussion focusses on the principles underlying the Labour Dispute Court judge’ discretionary powers and its implementation.  The analysis shows that Labour Dispute Court judges do have and enjoy discretionary powers in determining betterment of working conditions, how to best fill gaps or seek clarity in the face of ambiguous rules and regulations found in work contract, company regulations or collective work agreement.
Transculturalism and transcultural symbol of the blue flower
Authors: Markova Anna Sergeevna
Published: June 2021

This article examines the problem of determining transculturalism as an independent supracultural phenomenon, the cognition of which requires the aesthetic subject adopt an attitude of outsideness and holistic consciousness. Transculturalism is described a specific cultural model that can represent transcultural symbols. Based on the image of the blue flower, the author examines transcultural symbol as a phenomenon with mythical basis, which is being formed through ceaseless process of cultural transfer. For determining transculturalism as an independent phenomenon, the author analyzes modern definitions presented in the scientific discourse and compares them with the definition of transculturalism given by M. N. Epstein. The formation of transcultural symbol is described via genetic method and from the perspective of the process of cultural transfer (M. Espagne). This article proves M. N. Epstein's theory on perception of transculturalism as a specific cultural model, a supracultural phenomenon. The author explores the peculiarities of development of transcultural symbol,  and provides the examples of variation of this symbol are given (using the image of the blue flower in the English-language literary discourse). This work contributes to the understanding of transculturalism as a supracultural, universal, national, and holistic phenomenon. In modern world, such definition of transculturism is essential for conducting cross-cultural dialogue and maintaining respectful attitude towards national code. Using the example of the blue flower, the author reviews the variations of transcultural symbol in the English-language literature; analyzes the contest of paradigms, peculiarities of the palimpsest of this image, overcoming the stereotypes of perception and transitioning through cultural space; finds the reflection of the idea of universality underlying the poetology of Novalis.
Gripe Espanhola e SARS-CoV-2: cem anos de diferença que nos igualam
Authors: Trindade Eric Lucas , Fortes Iaci Gama
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Apresentar dados relativos às duas grandes pandemias ocorridas num período de 100 anos de diferença uma da outra: a Gripe Espanhola (1918–1920) e a SARS-CoV-2 (2019├), impactantes quanto aos aspectos geopolíticos, sociais e biológicos da humanidade, em suas respectivas épocas. Revisão Bibliográfica: A pesquisa mostrou que essas pandemias guardam semelhanças em alguns aspectos, como a rápida propagação do vírus e elevados óbitos; que a SARS-CoV-2 vem pondo à prova os sistemas de saúde mundiais, independente do desenvolvimento das nações e motivando uma corrida entre laboratórios, que se veem provocados a desenvolverem medicamentos e vacinas em curto prazo. Considerações finais: A partir deste estudo, compreende-se que qualquer pandemia tem o dom de causar mudanças no comportamento e padrão de vida das pessoas em razão de efeitos devastadores; e a SARS-CoV-2, em expansão, é o desafio da classe científica atual, que tenta descobrir, se não a cura, ao menos o controle da doença.
Importância da atuação do farmacêutico clínico nos serviços de diálise: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Oliveira Flávia Matos e , Rodrigues Juliana Lima Gomes
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a importância da atuação do profissional farmacêutico clínico nos serviços de diálise. Revisão bibliográfica: Pacientes com doença renal crônica em diálise apresentam elevado índice de comorbidades e frequentemente utilizam fármacos de várias classes terapêuticas. O tratamento implica um grande arsenal de prescrições e complexos regimes terapêuticos que elevam o risco de eventos adversos, interações medicamentosas e outros problemas relacionados a medicamentos. A revisão foi organizada nos seguintes tópicos: epidemiologia da doença renal crônica, perfil de pacientes, complexidade do tratamento medicamentoso na doença renal crônica, importância da conciliação medicamentosa e oportunidades de atuação do farmacêutico clínico nos serviços de diálise, assim como as possíveis barreiras para sua implementação. Considerações finais: Através das evidências apresentadas, foi possível chamar a atenção para as diversas formas de contribuição do farmacêutico clínico para a melhoria do processo de uso dos medicamentos, a redução dos riscos, o aprimoramento da qualidade dos serviços prestados e melhoria de desfechos dos pacientes em diálise.