bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of traditional medicine and control of hypertension in 12 African countries
Authors: Lassale Camille , Gaye Bamba , Diop Ibrahima Bara , Mipinda Jean Bruno , Kramoh Kouadio Euloge , Kouam Kouam Charles , Ikama Méo Stéphane , Takombe Jean Laurent , Damorou Jean Marie , Toure Ibrahim Ali , Balde Dadhi M , Dzudie Anastase , Houenassi Martin , Kane Abdoul , Kimbally-Kaki Suzy Gisèle , Kingue Samuel , Limbole Emmanuel , Mfeukeu Kuate Liliane , Ferreira Beatriz , Nhavoto Carol , Sidy Ali Abdallahi , Azizi Michel , N'Guetta Roland , Antignac Marie , Jouven Xavier
Published: June 2022

Background

Use of traditional medicine (TM) is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa as a treatment option for a wide range of disease. We aimed to describe main characteristics of TM users and estimate the association of TM use with control of hypertension.

Methods

We used data on 2128 hypertensive patients of a cross-sectional study (convenience sampling), who attended cardiology departments of 12 sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal, Togo). To model association of TM use with odds of uncontrolled, severe and complicated hypertension, we used multivariable mixed logistic regressions, and to model the association with blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)) we used mixed linear models. All models were adjusted for age, sex, wealth, adherence to hypertension conventional treatment and country (random effect).

Results

A total of 512 (24%) participants reported using TM, varying across countries from 10% in the Congo to 48% in Guinea. TM users were more likely to be men, living in rural area, poorly adhere to prescribed medication (frequently due to its cost). Use of TM was associated with a 3.87 (95% CI 1.52 to 6.22)/1.75 (0.34 to 3.16) mm Hg higher SBP/DBP compared with no use; and with greater odds of severe hypertension (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.74) and of any hypertension complication (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.60), mainly driven by renal complication (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.29) after adjustment for measured confounders.

Conclusions

The use of TM was associated with higher blood pressure, more severe hypertension and more complications in Sub-Saharan African countries. The widespread use of TM needs to be acknowledged and worked out to integrate TM safely within the conventional healthcare.
Changes in household food security, access to health services and income in northern Lao PDR during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Head Jennifer R , Chanthavilay Phetsavanh , Catton Helen , Vongsitthi Ammaline , Khamphouxay Kelley , Simphaly Niphone
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We assessed the relative difficulty in meeting food needs during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before; determined the relationship between pandemic-associated difficulties in food access and household, maternal and child food security; and identified resiliency-promoting strategies.

Design

A cross-sectional survey of households undertaken in November 2020.

Setting

Rural districts of Luang Prabang Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic.

Participants

Households (N=1122) with children under 5 years.

Primary and secondary outcomes measured

Survey respondents reported the relative ease of access of food and healthcare as well as changes in income and expenditures compared with before March 2020. We determined indicators of food security and source of foods consumed for households, women and children, as well as prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5.

Results

Nearly four-fifths (78.5%) found it harder to meet household food needs during the pandemic. The most common reasons were increased food prices (51.2%), loss of income (45.3%) and decreased food availability (36.6%). Adjusting for demographics, households with increased difficulty meeting food needs had lower food consumption scores and child dietary diversity. Over 85% of households lost income during the pandemic. Decreased expenditures was associated with reliance on more extreme coping strategies to meet food needs. The households who experienced no change in meeting food needs produced a greater percentage of their food from homegrown methods (4.22% more, 95% CI 1.28 to 7.15), than households who found it more difficult.

Conclusions

Pandemic-associated shocks may have large effects on food insecurity. Action is needed to mitigate consequences of the pandemic on nutrition. Local food production and safety net programmes that offset income losses may help.
A LASSO-derived clinical score to predict severe acute kidney injury in the cardiac surgery recovery unit: a large retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC database
Authors: Huang Tucheng , He Wanbing , Xie Yong , Lv Wenyu , Li Yuewei , Li Hongwei , Huang Jingjing , Huang Jieping , Chen Yangxin , Guo Qi , Wang Jingfeng
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We aimed to develop an effective tool for predicting severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients admitted to the cardiac surgery recovery unit (CSRU).

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database, consisting of critically ill participants between 2001 and 2012 in the USA.

Participants

A total of 6271 patients admitted to the CSRU were enrolled from the MIMIC-III database.

Primary and secondary outcome

Stages 2–3 AKI.

Result

As identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression, risk factors for AKI included age, sex, weight, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, central venous pressure, urine output, partial pressure of oxygen, sedative use, furosemide use, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure and left heart catheterisation, all of which were used to establish a clinical score. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model were 0.779 (95% CI: 0.766 to 0.793) for the primary cohort and 0.778 (95% CI: 0.757 to 0.799) for the validation cohort. The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predictions and observations. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model could achieve a net benefit.

Conclusion

A clinical score built by using LASSO regression and logistic regression to screen multiple clinical risk factors was established to estimate the probability of severe AKI in CSRU patients. This may be an intuitive and practical tool for severe AKI prediction in the CSRU.
Multimorbidity as assessed by reporting of multiple causes of death: variations by period, sociodemographic characteristics and place of death among older decedents in England and Wales, 2001–2017
Authors: Grundy Emily Marjatta , Stuchbury Rachel
Published: June 2022

Background

Multimorbidity is common at older ages and is associated with disability, frailty and poor quality of life. Research using clinical databases and surveys has shown associations between multimorbidity and indicators of social disadvantage. Use of multiple coded death registration data has been proposed as an additional source which may also provide insights into quality of death certification.

Methods

We investigate trends in reporting multiple causes of death during 2001–2017 among decedents aged 65 years and over included in a census-based sample of 1% of the England and Wales population (Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study). Using Poisson regression analysis, we analyse variations in number of mentions of causes of death recorded by time period, place of death, age, sex and marital status at death and indicators of health status and individual and area socioeconomic disadvantage reported at the census prior to death.

Results

Number of mentions of causes recorded at death registration increased 2001–2017, increased with age, peaking among decedents aged 85–9 years, and was positively associated with indicators of prior disadvantage and poor health, although effects were small. Number of mentions was highest for hospital decedents and similar for those dying in care homes or their own homes.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic disadvantage, prior poor health, dying in hospital and older age—although not extreme old age—are associated with dying with more recorded conditions. Results may reflect both differences in multimorbidity at death and variations in quality of medical certification of death. Quality of death certification for decedents in care homes needs further investigation.
FSIP2plays a role in the acrosome development during spermiogenesis
Authors: Zheng Rui , Wang Yan , Li Yaqian , Guo Juncen , Wen Yuting , Jiang Chuan , Yang Yihong , Shen Ying
Published: June 2022

Background

Loss-of-function mutations inFSIP2result in multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella in humans and mice. Intriguingly, a recent study found that FSIP2 might regulate the expression of acrosomal proteins, indicating thatFsip2might be involved in acrosome development in mice. However, whetherFSIP2also function in acrosome biogenesis in humans is largely unknown, and the underlying mechanism of which is unexplored.

Objective

Our objective was to reveal potential function of FSIP2 in regulating sperm acrosome formation.

Methods

We performed whole exome sequencing on four asthenoteratozoospermic patients. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess the protein expression of FSIP2. Proteomics approach, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were implemented to clarify the molecules in acrosome biogenesis regulated by FSIP2.

Results

BiallelicFSIP2variants were identified in four asthenoteratozoospermic individuals. The protein expression of MUT-FSIP2was sharply decreased or absent in vitro or in vivo. Interestingly, aside from the sperm flagellar defects, the acrosomal hypoplasia was detected in numerous sperm from the four patients. FSIP2 co-localised with peanut agglutinin in the acrosome during spermatogenesis. Moreover, FSIP2 interacted with proteins (DPY19L2, SPACA1, HSP90B1, KIAA1210, HSPA2 and CLTC) involved in acrosome biogenesis. In addition, spermatozoa from patients carryingFSIP2mutations showed downregulated expression of DPY19L2, ZPBP, SPACA1, CCDC62, CCIN, SPINK2 and CSNK2A2.

Conclusion

Our findings unveil thatFSIP2might involve in sperm acrosome development, and consequently, its mutations might contribute to globozoospermia or acrosomal aplasia. We meanwhile first uncover the potential molecular mechanism of FSIP2 regulating acrosome biogenesis.
Characterising ALS disease progression according to El Escorial and Gold Coast criteria
Authors: de Jongh Adriaan D , Braun Nathalie , Weber Markus , van Es Michael A , Masrori Pegah , Veldink Jan H , van Damme Philip , van den Berg Leonard H , van Eijk Ruben P A
Published: June 2022

Background

The Gold Coast criteria (GCC) have been proposed as a means of selecting patients for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clinical trials. We aimed to characterise disease progression according to the GCC.

Methods

Data from population-based ALS registries from the Netherlands and Belgium were analysed. The GCC additionally define ALS as lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction in ≥2 body regions without upper motor neuron dysfunction. Therefore, the revised El Escorial criteria (rEEC) were supplemented with a ‘Gold Coast ALS’ category for patients with only LMN dysfunction in ≥2 body regions. We assessed survival time, ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) progression rates and between-patient variability per diagnostic category.

Results

We included 5957 ALS patients, of whom 600 (10.1%) fulfilled the GCC but not the rEEC, and 95 (1.6%) fulfilled only the rEEC. ALSFRS-R progression rates were similar for the rEEC (0.84 points/month) and GCC (0.81 points/month) with similar variability (standard deviation of 0.59 vs. 0.60) and median survival time (17.8 vs.18.7 months). Survival time and average progression rates varied (p<0.001) between categories. Per category, however, there was considerable between-patient variability with progression rates ranging from: −2.10 to −0.14 (definite), −1.94 to −0.06 (probable), −2.10 to −0.02 (probable laboratory supported), −1.79 to −0.02 (possible) and −1.31 to 0.08 (Gold Coast).

Conclusions

The GCC broaden the definition of ALS, allowing more patients to participate in trials, while minimally impacting population heterogeneity. Given the large variability per diagnostic category, selecting only specific categories for trials may not result in a more homogeneous study population.
Thrombosis origin identification of cardioembolism and large artery atherosclerosis by distinct metabolites
Authors: Li Wei , Bai Xuesong , Hao Jiheng , Xu Xin , Lin Feng , Jiang Qunlong , Ding Chunguang , Dai Gaolei , Peng Fangda , Zhang Meng , Feng Yao , Wang Jiyue , Chen Xianyang , Xue Teng , Guo Xiaofan , Fu Zhaolin , Chen Wen-huo , Zhang Liyong , Wang Chaodong , Jiao Liqun
Published: June 2022

Background

The diagnosis of cerebral thrombosis origin is challenging and remains unclear. This study aims to identify thrombosis due to cardioembolism (CE) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) from a new perspective of distinct metabolites.

Methods

Distinct metabolites between 26 CE and 22 LAA origin thrombi, which were extracted after successful mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation, were analyzed with a ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) system. Enriched metabolic pathways related to the metabolites were identified. Least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression analyses and a filtering method were used to select potential predictors. Furthermore, four machine learning classifiers, including decision tree, logistic regression, random forest (RF), and k means unsupervised classification model, were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the selected metabolites.

Results

UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that levels of 88 and 55 metabolites were elevated in LAA and CE thrombi, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed a significant difference between the pathways enriched in the two types of thrombi. Six metabolites (diglyceride (DG, 18:3/24:0), DG (22:0/24:0), phytosphingosine, galabiosylceramide (18:1/24:1), triglyceride (15:0/16:1/o–18:0), and glucosylceramide (18:1/24:0)) were finally selected to build a predictive model. The predictive RF model was confirmed to be the best, with a satisfactory stability and prediction capacity (area under the curve=0.889).

Conclusions

Six metabolites as potential predictors for distinguishing between cerebral thrombi of CE and LAA origin were identified. The results are useful for understanding the pathogenesis and for secondary stroke prevention.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with pneumoconiosis with progressive massive fibrosis
Authors: Yu Shiwen , Wang Yiran , Fan Yali , Ma Ruimin , Wang Yuanying , Ye Qiao
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This study aims to explore the prevalence and clinical features of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and its correlation with large opacities on CT scans.

Methods

This retrospective study collected 235 patients with PMF, and 199 were eligible for analysis. The probability of PH development was estimated based on tricuspid regurgitation velocity measured by echocardiogram. The size and the location of large opacities on chest CT were recorded. Potential risk factors for PH secondary to PMF were analysed using regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of a high or intermediate probability of PH was 39.7% in patients with PMF. Type C of large opacities (OR 6.99, 95% CI 2.34 to 23.00, p<0.001) and central type of the large opacities (OR 8.12, 95% CI 2.89 to 24.71, p<0.001) were identified as the risk factors for PH secondary to PMF. Over a median follow-up of 32.8 months, the survival rate was 73.3% in the PH group, significantly lower than that in the non-PH group (96.6%, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Over one-third of patients with PMF developed PH. The increased size and the central distribution of large opacities were identified as the risk factors.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention techniques and procedural steps for the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation: a review of the literature
Authors: Matli Kamal , Mahdi Ahmad , Zibara Victor , Costanian Christy , Ghanem Georges
Published: June 2022

Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an undertreated common pathology associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Classically, surgical repair or valve replacement were the only therapeutic options and are associated with up to 10% postprocedural mortality. Transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions are a novel and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of significant TR. Several devices have been developed with different mechanisms of action. They are classified as annuloplasty devices, replacement devices, caval valve implantation and coaptation devices. In this review, we provide a step-by-step description of the procedural steps and techniques of every device along with video support.
Russia-Ukraine conflict and COVID-19: a double burden for Ukraine's healthcare system and a concern for global citizens
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Sujanamulk Bhavana , Abbass Mortada , Fawaz Rabih , Javed Amaan , Aboudib Khaled , Mahmoud Ashraf , Oluyemisi Adekunbi , Onyeaka Helen
Published: June 2022

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia significantly influences the healthcare sector. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the armed conflict have badly devastated the established healthcare system. Only 36.08% of the Ukrainian population has received the COVID-19 vaccination, with the majority receiving two doses, and currently, Ukraine records the highest mortality rate in the world. In addition to the conflict injuries, increased susceptible deaths to COVID-19 can be found due to inadequate vaccination rates for the disease. To save their lives and for their well-being, many individuals have been relocating to the underground metro stations, other cities, nearby towns and countries. In these settings, social distancing, hand sanitation and wearing masks are not prioritised. In the current circumstances, the broken healthcare system needs to be rebuilt, and the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), doctors and all the front-line workers should extend their humanitarian support to the Ukrainian population. Conclusion: It is an arduous task for healthcare organisations to supply vaccines and medicines in this ‘armed conflict’ between Russia and Ukraine. This can only happen when both parties extend their support to rebuild the shattered healthcare infrastructure.
Quantitative assessment of a pediatric nociception monitor in children under sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Lebrun Sebastien , Boccara Johanna , Cailliau Emeline , Herbet Mathilde , Tavernier Benoit , Constant Isabelle , Sabourdin Nada
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Intraoperative monitoring of nociception has recently made substantial progress in adult anesthesia. In contrast, pediatric data are scarce. Newborn-Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE index, Mdoloris Medical Systems, Loos, France) is the first nociception index specifically designed for young children. It is a dimensionless index comprised between 0 and 100. Two previous studies suggested that NIPE could indeed ‘detect’ nociception in anesthetized children. The objective of our study was to investigate if NIPE allowed to detect and to provide a quantitative assessment of nociception in children.

Methods

Children were anesthetized with sevoflurane, and received a bolus of alfentanil (10 µg/kg before intubation). Before surgical incision, each participant received three tetanic stimulations (5 s, 100 Hertz) with a 5 min interval, in a randomized order: 10, 30 and 60 milliamps. NIPE and heart rate variations were assessed after each stimulation.

Results

Thirty children (2.4±1.6 years) were included. Mean delay between alfentanil and the first stimulation was 19±4 min. Mean baseline NIPE was 75±10. NIPE variation after the stimulations was significant at 10, 30 and 60 mA (linear mixed regression model, p<0.001). The intensity of stimulation significantly influenced the amplitude of NIPE variation (linear mixed regression model p<0.001), but had no statistically significant effect on heart rate variation (p=0.52).

Discussion

NIPE might allow a quantitative assessment of nociception in young children in these anesthetic conditions. This study provides a basis for future research investigating the potential benefits of NIPE-guided intraoperative analgesia in pediatric anesthesia.

Trial registration number

NCT04381637.
No smoking gun: tobacco taxation and smuggling in Sierra Leone
Authors: Gallien Max , Occhiali Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Objective

To evaluate the common industry claim that higher tobacco taxation leads to higher levels of smuggling, particularly in a limited state capacity setting.

Design

This paper evaluates the effects of a tobacco tax increase in Sierra Leone on smuggling by using gap analyses. Its models are based on multiple rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey and customs data as well as newly collected data on cigarette prices.

Results

The paper shows that despite a substantial increase in cigarette taxation, and despite the absence of other formal tobacco control policies, smuggling has not increased in Sierra Leone. Its primary model shows a decrease in cigarette smuggling by 16.74% following the tax increase, alongside a decrease in cigarette consumption more widely and an increase in tax revenue.

Conclusions

By presenting a low income and lower enforcement capacity case study, this paper provides novel and critical evidence to the debate on the tax-smuggling link. Furthermore, it points to new questions on how states in these contexts can limit cigarette smuggling.
On Shielding Android’s Pending Intent from Malware Apps Using a Novel Ownership-Based Authentication
Authors: Pradeepkumar Duraisamy S. , Geetha S. , Cheng Xiaochun , Kadry Seifedine
Published: June 2022

PendingIntent (PI) is an authority to use the sender’s permissions and identity by the receiver. Unprotected broadcast and PI s with an empty base intent are some of the vulnerable features that a malware utilizes to perform unauthorized access and privilege escalation (PE) attacks on the PI. To protect the PI from the above attacks, this paper proposes Sticky[Formula: see text]tent, an application-layer solution that uses ownership-based authentication to dynamically control the accessibility of the PI. Sticky[Formula: see text]tent is the first holistic work to use ownership-types to protect PI s from malware attacks. Some of the existing solutions follow static analysis of binary to identify the PI vulnerability. Through our empirical study using 23,922 apps, we found [Formula: see text]17% of PI-based vulnerabilities leads to unauthorized access and privilege escalation, which can be solved by using Sticky[Formula: see text]tent. We tested our model on the state-of-art applications and found an impressive harmonic mean (F1-score) value of 0.95–0.97 for intra and inter component analysis, which is 0.4–0.18 percentage more from the existing RAICC’s (a static analysis model instrumented with IccTA/Amandroid) result. As a proof-of-concept, we have taken a few real-world PI-based applications and replaced the PI with Sticky[Formula: see text]tent library. By comparing the result with RAICC, we can see that Sticky[Formula: see text]tent performs better in protecting PI dynamically from malware access. Though the proposed solution has an overhead of 0.005% per 5[Formula: see text]min application test, the end-user suffers only negligible execution overhead in the screen response and notification delays.
The Quality Evaluation Method of Sci-Tech English Translation for Intercultural Communication
Authors: Xu Ying
Published: June 2022

English for Science and Technology (EST), as a special language style, is widely used in the field of Science and Technology. For this kind of articles, the requirements of translation quality are relatively high. Therefore, this paper studies a quality evaluation method of Sci-Tech English translation for cross-cultural communication. As statistical machine translation has almost reached the limits of its capacity, neural machine translation is becoming the technology of the future. This paper also describes the evaluation of machine translation quality with and automatic evaluation process with machine learning technology. The evaluation index of EST translation quality is selected according to the selection principle and expert consultation method. Then, the weight of the index is calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the translation quality evaluation is given by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, glass-box and black-box evaluation with machine learning method. The results show that under the application of the research method, the evaluation results are completely corresponding to the actual competition results of four competitors, which proves the effectiveness of the research method.
Meta-MMFNet: Meta-learning-based Multi-model Fusion Network for Micro-expression Recognition
Authors: Gong Wenjuan , Zhang Yue , Wang Wei , Cheng Peng , Gonzàlez Jordi
Published: June 2022

Despite its wide applications in criminal investigations and clinical communications with patients suffering from autism, automatic micro-expression recognition remains a challenging problem because of the lack of training data and imbalanced classes problems. In this study, we proposed a meta-learning-based multi-model fusion network (Meta-MMFNet) to solve the existing problems. The proposed method is based on the metric-based meta-learning pipeline, which is specifically designed for few-shot learning and is suitable for model-level fusion. The frame difference and optical flow features were fused, deep features were extracted from the fused feature, and finally in the meta-learning-based framework, weighted sum model fusion method was applied for micro-expression classification. Meta-MMFNet achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods on four datasets. The code is available at
https://github.com/wenjgong/meta-fusion-based-method
.
Kubernetes Scheduling: Taxonomy, Ongoing Issues and Challenges
Authors: Carrión Carmen
Published: June 2022

Continuous integration enables the development of microservices-based applications using container virtualization technology. Container orchestration systems such as Kubernetes, which has become the
de facto
standard, simplify the deployment of container-based applications. However, developing efficient and well-defined orchestration systems is a challenge.

This article focuses specifically on the scheduler, a key orchestrator task that assigns physical resources to containers. Scheduling approaches are designed based on different Quality of Service (QoS) parameters to provide limited response time, efficient energy consumption, better resource utilization, and other things. This article aims to establish insight knowledge into Kubernetes scheduling, find the main gaps, and thus guide future research in the area. Therefore, we conduct a study of empirical research on Kubernetes scheduling techniques and present a new taxonomy for Kubernetes scheduling. The challenges, future direction, and research opportunities are also discussed.
COVID-19 and Global Poverty and Food Security
Authors: Vos Rob , McDermott John , Swinnen Johan
Published: June 2022

The impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on food systems, poverty, and nutrition have been caused by generalized economic recession and disruptions in agrifood supply chains. This article reviews a growing empirical literature assessing those impacts. The review confirms that income shocks and supply disruptions have affected food security and livelihoods more where supply chains were poorly integrated and poverty where market informality had a greater presence before COVID-19. Yet, as the pandemic persists, outcomes remain uncertain and reliable data are still sparsely available. This review also reveals how methodological approaches have evolved during the pandemic, ranging from model-based scenario analyses, telephone survey evidence, case-study analyses, and data collection on policy responses and their effects. This review concludes that while we have good insight into the COVID-19 pandemic's impacts on food security, there is still much that we do not know, requiring much more rigorous hypothesis testing based on reliable and observed data.
Implementation of Noise Effects on CNTFET-based NOT Gate in Verilog-A
Authors: Marani R. , Perri A. G.
Published: June 2022

In this paper we initially present two CNTFET models: the first is already proposed by us and the second is the Stanford model, proposing a method to match the output characteristics and transconductance characteristics between these two models. Then we describe a compact noise model, used to simulate the performance of a NOT gate, in order to analyze how the noise sources constitute a significant limitation in the design of circuits based on CNTFET. All simulations are obtained using the programming language Verilog-A on the simulator Advanced Design System (ADS), highlighting the solutions proposed in order to use this software.
MiR-186-5p Downregulates NAMPT and Functions as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis-Induced Coagulation Disorders
Authors: Shen Hao , Xie Keliang , Peng Min , Wang Xiaoye
Published: June 2022

Purpose. Present study is aimed to explore the role of miR-186-5p in sepsis-induced coagulation disorders and molecular mechanisms. Methods. Thirty-four sepsis patients and 34 respiratory infection/pneumonia patients were selected in the present study. Polymicrobial sepsis model was created by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mRNA expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was utilized to measure protein expression. Thromborel S Reagent was applied to measure the prothrombin time (PT). Platelet count of blood was measured via LH 780. ELISA kits were utilized to evaluate the fibrinogen and PAI-1 concentration. Results. MiR-186-5p expression was lower and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) mRNA expression was higher in sepsis patients in contrast to control group. Coagulation time was markedly prolonged and platelet count was markedly decreased in CLP mice. In addition, fibrinogen concentration was obviously lower and PAI-1 concentration was obviously higher in CLP mice. MiR-186-5p mimic obviously decreased coagulation time and PAI-1 concentration, while raised platelet count and fibrinogen concentration. Targetscan predicted miR-186-5p might directly regulates NAMPT, and luciferase reporter assay verified this prediction. In addition, miR-186-5p mimic obviously inhibited the mRNA expression of NAMPT. Knockdown of NAMPT improved coagulation dysfunction in sepsis. Overexpression of NAMPT reversed the improvement effect of miR-186-5p on coagulation dysfunction. MiR-186-5p mimic markedly inhibited NF-κB pathway. Conclusion. MiR-186-5p inhibited sepsis-induced coagulation disorders via targeting NAMPT and inactivating NF-κB pathway.
Stability Analysis of Downstream Dam Expansion Tailings Pond
Authors: Jin Jiaxu , Zhang Hongyue , Xu Liang , Zhou Kelin , Lv Xiangfeng
Published: June 2022

The buildup of tailings in China has expanded dramatically with economic development and industrial demand, and the safety of tailings reservoirs has become increasingly serious. Due to the difficulty in finding a new reservoir site, the expansion approach of building a new tailings dam downstream of the original reservoir area was investigated. The stability of the tailings reservoir after expansion was calculated using the traditional dynamic and static stability solution method and taking into account the unpredictability of dam construction materials and tailings material parameters in the reservoir area. The results reveal that throughout the tailings accumulation process in the new reservoir, the tailings will build a back pressure slope at the original reservoir’s initial dam, which can considerably improve the original reservoir’s dynamic and static stability. The Monte Carlo method clearly outperforms older methods for tailing pond stability analysis. The results of this paper’s calculations will give a theoretical foundation and practical reference for the later management and maintenance of such tailings reservoirs, as well as fresh ideas and insights for comparable projects due to limited site selection.
On a Fixed Point Theorem for General Multivalued Mappings on Finite Sets with Applications in Game Theory
Authors: Luckraz Shravan
Published: June 2022

We propose a new fixed point theorem that completely characterizes the existence of fixed points for multivalued maps on finite sets. Our result can be seen as a generalization of Abian’s fixed point theorem. In the context of finite games, our result can be used to characterize the existence of a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies and can therefore distinguish pure strategy equilibria from mixed strategy equilibria in the celebrated Nash theorem.
Assessing the Impact of Continuous Vaccination and Voluntary Isolation on the Dynamics of COVID-19: A Mathematical Optimal Control of SEIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Yu Yue , Shi Manman , Hu Manfeng , Zhang Jingxiang
Published: June 2022

In order to study the impact of continuous vaccination and voluntary isolation for the COVID-19, a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-quarantine-vaccines (SEIR-QV) model is proposed. A basic regeneration number

R

0

is defined to determine the extinction or persistence of the disease. We numerically analyze the impact of key parameters based on actual parameters of COVID-19, such as the vaccination rate, population importation rate, and natural (or causal) mortality transmission rate on the dynamics of disease transmission. Then we obtain sensitivity indices of some parameters on

R

0

by sensitivity analysis. Finally, the stability of the system and the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy are verified by numerical simulation.
IL6 Induces mtDNA Leakage to Affect the Immune Escape of Endometrial Carcinoma via cGAS-STING
Authors: Zeng Xue , Li Xiaosong , Zhang Yundong , Cao Chaoxia , Zhou Qin
Published: June 2022

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancy. Interleukin-6 (IL6) plays a critical role in modulating the progression of several types of tumors, including EC. However, the specific mechanism of IL6 in regulating EC progression has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we performed a series of functional experiments to explore the potential mechanisms involved in IL6 function in the progression of EC. Here, we found that IL6 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by enhancing the NADPH oxidase (NOX) level and induced mtDNA leakage in EC cells, which further caused the activation of the downstream cGAS-STING signaling and increased production of extracellular vesicle (EV) production from EC cells. Besides, the activation of cGAS-STING signaling enhanced the expression of type I IFN and its downstream molecule PD-L1 through the TBK1-IRF3 pathway. Importantly, a high level mtDNA and PD-L1 were present in EVs derived from IL6-induced EC cells; these vesicles were shown to be able to induce T cell apoptosis. Finally, anti-PD-L1 treatment in mice showed that blockade of PD-L1 significantly reversed tumor immune escape mediated by IL6-induced EVs. Together, we provide evidence that IL6 induced mtDNA leakage to regulate the immune escape of EC cells. Our findings may provide a novel clue for the development of therapeutic targets for EC.
Dance Movement Interference Suppression Algorithm Based upon Contour Model and AdaBoost Algorithm
Authors: Xu Jiaxi
Published: June 2022

With the development of computer technology, digital image processing, as an emerging field, has become an indispensable tool in the information society. The action interference effect refers to the phenomenon that an individual reacts to a dangerous object longer than a safe object in the state of preparation for action. Currently, there is no effective anti-jamming technology to recognize dance movements. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a dance movement interference suppression algorithm based on contour model and AdaBoost algorithm, which aims to realize the application of gesture-based behavior recognition technology in the field of dance steps and complete the recognition of some dance steps. The method of this paper is to study the contour model based on the image and then propose to use the AdaBoost algorithm to detect body movements and finally use the radio frequency interference suppression algorithm to ensure the smooth operation of the technology. The function of the method is to propose a dance action recognition and anti-interference algorithm based on contour model and AdaBoost algorithm. This article describes the contour model and then uses the AdaBoost algorithm to recognize the action and adjust the action interference effect. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can accurately identify dance movements, with an average recognition accuracy rate of 99.2%.
Diagnostic Value of LH Peak Value of the GnRH Stimulation Test for Girls with Precocious Puberty and Its Correlation with Body Mass Index
Authors: Zhao Chunqing , Tang Yulong , Cheng Lirong
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the diagnostic value of luteinizing hormone (LH) peak value of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test for girls with precocious puberty and its correlation with body mass index (BMI). Methods. A total of 230 girls with precocious puberty who came to our hospital for testing from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected and divided into a true group (

n
=
130

) and sham group (

n
=
100

) according to the results of the GnRH stimulation test. According to the BMI, the true group was further divided into a normal group (48 cases), overweight group (43 cases), and obese group (39 cases). The GnRH stimulation test was performed on all subjects, and the basal value and peak value of LH and the basal value and peak value of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were recorded. The general data and serological indexes of the true group and the sham group were compared. Indicators of the GnRH stimulation test, breast stage, bone age, BMI, uterine volume, ovarian volume, and serological indicators (leptin, sex hormone-binding protein (SHBG), and adiponectin (APN)) were compared among the normal group, the overweight group, and the obese group. Results. There were no significant differences in age and breast stage between the true group and the sham group (

P
>
0.05

). There were statistically significant differences in bone age, BMI, uterine volume, and ovarian volume between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

). The LH base value, LH peak value, FSH base value, and FSH peak value in the true group were higher than those in the sham group, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of LH peak value in diagnosing girls with precocious puberty was 0.973, which was higher than 0.895, 0.875, and 0.912 of LH base value, FSH base value, and FSH peak value, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in LH base value, LH peak value, FSH base value, breast development stage, bone age, BMI, SHBG, leptin, and APN among the normal group, overweight group, and obese group (

P
<
0.05

), but there were no significant differences in FSH peak value, uterine volume, and ovarian volume among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

). There was a negative correlation between BMI, LH peak value, and FSH base value (

P
<
0.05

), but there was no significant correlation between BMI and FSH peak value (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. The LH peak value of the GnRH stimulation test has high diagnostic value for girls with precocious puberty, and BMI is negatively correlated with the LH peak value of CPP children.
Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge ZVS DC-DC Converter with Synchronous Double Rectifiers for Battery Charging Applications
Authors: Phetphimoon Wasan , Bhumkittipich Krischonme , Prabpal Prakasit , Yupapin Preecha , Kongjeen Yuttana
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a phase-shifted PWM-controlled DC to DC power converter with a synchronous double rectifier. The power switches can be directed to achieve the zero-voltage switching condition using the technology of the full-bridge power converter and increase the efficiency of the converter on the secondary side of the transformer. A current doubling rectifier with low current ripple and synchronized rectifier circuits are also adopted. The secondary side of the high-frequency transformer uses the synchronous double rectifier. The synchronous double rectifier circuit converts AC voltage to DC voltage to enable high-current applications with two filtering inductors to reduce losses and dissipate heat, resulting in an efficient system. The proposed method can control the input DC voltage of the phase-shifted power converter at 400 V and achieves the required DC voltage of 24 V for battery charging applications under the zero-voltage switching condition. The results of simulations and experiments show 86.7% efficiency at 40% load condition and 91.8% efficiency at full load condition.
The Top-Level Design Strategy of “Curriculum Civics” in the New Era of Universities Based on Machine Learning under the Perspective of Communication Science
Authors: Chen Zeye , Xia Xin
Published: June 2022

The application of this new teaching method in daily courses, as well as virtual practice teaching of ideological and political theory classes in colleges and universities, is conducive to improving the attractiveness, infectiousness, and effectiveness of ideological and political theory classes and breaking the new blueprint of ideological and political education teaching. This paper takes the research object of virtual practice teaching in college ideological and political theory classes, conducts a preliminary investigation of its research background, research purpose, and research significance, and develops a general understanding of virtual practice teaching’s application in ideological and political theory classes.
Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Fractures: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Zhu , Hu Han , Wu Bin , Huang Chenglong , Liu Qin , Chen Bin
Published: June 2022

Background. Although numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in promoting and enhancing bone healing, many orthopedic physicians remain skeptical of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of fractures. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of PRP in the treatment of fractures. Methods. We search for research on PRP treatment of fractures in Pubmed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane libraries. Two independent reviewers assessed included studies and met to develop a consensus on included studies. We also assessed the risk of bias using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results. The present meta-analysis included 10 randomized controlled trials (RCT) containing 652 patients. In the fixed-effect meta-analysis of 10 RCTs, 8 RCTs found that fracture patients benefited from PRP treatment. The use of PRP reduced the time of fracture healing in 4 RCTs. Three RCTs found that PRP adjuvant therapy enhanced bone mineral density in the fracture trace and reduced the time of bone regeneration in mandibular fractures patients (

standardized
 
mean
 
difference
 

SMD

=
−
1.99

,

95
%
confidence
 
interval
 

CI

=
−
2.64
–
−
1.35

). And 3 RCTs found that PRP adjuvant therapy decreased the risk of revision surgery in fracture patients (

SMD
=
1.83

,

95
%
CI
=
1.10
–
3.04

). Conclusion. PRP adjuvant therapy is beneficial for the treatment of fracture patients, particularly those with mandibular fractures, and decreased the risk of revision surgery in fracture patients.
A New Class of Extended Hypergeometric Functions Related to Fractional Integration and Transforms
Authors: Palsaniya Vandana , Mittal Ekta , Suthar D. L. , Joshi Sunil
Published: June 2022

The focus of this research is to use a new extended beta function and develop the extensions of Gauss hypergeometric functions and confluent hypergeometric function formulas that are presumed to be new. Four theorems have also been defined under the generalized fractional integral operators that provide an image formula for the extension of new Gauss hypergeometric functions and the extension of new confluent hypergeometric functions. Moreover, discussed are analogous statements in terms of the Weyl, Riemann–Liouville, Erdélyi–Kober, and Saigo fractional integral and derivative operator types. Here, we are also able to generate more image formulas by keeping some integral transforms on the obtained formulas.
Efficacy of Curcumin on Treating Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome in Locally or Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomised Phase IIa Trial (CurChexia)
Authors: Thambamroong Tawasapon , Seetalarom Kasan , Saichaemchan Siriwimon , Pumsutas Yanisa , Prasongsook Naiyarat
Published: June 2022

Background. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CAS) is a significant comorbidity among all patients with cancer, increasing the mortality rate. Almost all patients with head and neck cancer experience this syndrome. CAS causes increased energy expenditure by increasing systemic inflammation and decreasing energy consumption due to anorexia. It leads to skeleton muscle breakdown and reduces the quality of life. Nutritional interventions and primary cancer treatment are the mainstays to manage this situation. However, a vicious cycle causes CAS to persist, especially in head and neck cancer, where tumour location and its treatment interfere with nutritional interventions. Curcumin shows anti-inflammatory effects, including modulated CAS in animal and in vitro studies. Objective. The study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin to treat cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome among current patients with locally advanced or advanced head and neck cancer. Methods. This constitutes a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa study. Twenty patients with CAS in locally advanced or advanced head and neck cancer adequately nourished via a feeding tube were enrolled and randomised in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive oral curcumin (at a dose of 4000 mg daily) (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was body composition (muscle mass, body fat mass, and basal metabolic rate). The secondary endpoints were handgrip muscle strength, body mass index, absolute lymphocyte count, and safety and toxicity. Result. There was a statistically significant benefit from curcumin on improving muscle mass compared with placebo (2.16% [95% confidence interval; CI, −0.75 to 5.07] vs. −3.82% [95% CI, −8.2 to 0.57];

P
=
0.019

). The other parameters of body composition were not significant but tended to favour curcumin benefit. The body fat mass (−0.51 [95% CI, −21.89 to 20.86] vs. −8.97% [95% CI, −19.43 to 1.49];

P
=
0.432

) and percentage of mean change in the basal metabolic rate were noted (BMR) (0.54% [95% CI, −1.6 to 2.67] vs. −1.61% [95% CI, −4.05 to 0.84];

P
=
0.153

). Notably, patients treated with curcumin exhibited less reduction in handgrip muscle strength and absolute lymphocyte count but was not significant. Similarly, most adverse events were grade 1 in both groups. Conclusion. The curcumin add-on resulted in a significant increase in muscle mass than standard nutritional support. Furthermore, it may improve and delay a decrease in the other body composition parameters, handgrip strength, and absolute lymphocyte count. Curcumin was safe and well tolerated. This constitutes an unmet need for clinical trials. This trial is registered with NCT04208334.