bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996B
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: December 2017

Potatoes were planted 21 May at the University of Minnesota Agricultural experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots consisted of a single 12 ft long treatment row. Treated rows were separated by one row of untreated plants. Admire 2F was applied over the top of the potato pieces just before the furrows were covered. Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with a Teejet 8003-E flat fan nozzle, delivering 60 gpa at 35 psi. For evaluating the treatments, the numbers of small (instar 1-2) and large (instar 3–4) CPB larvae in each plot were recorded. Pre-treatment counts and foliar applications were made 11 Jul. Post-treatment counts of larvae were made 1 d after application. Percent control of CPB was calculated as (1-(post-treatment count/pre-treatment count))X 100. The data were subjected to ANOVA after arcsinV(x) transformation.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1996C
Authors: Longtine Craig A. , Suranyi Robert A. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Ragsdale David W.
Published: December 2017

This trial was located in a non-irrigated commercial potato field in the southern Red River Valley of the North. Plant spacing was 36 inches between rows and 12 inches between plants within rows. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 3 replications. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. Treated rows were separated by a row of untreated plants. For evaluating the treatments and determining plot size, counts of CPB larvae in each plot were recorded. Plots were of variable length (approximately 15-20 feet). The number of plants constituting a plot was determined on the basis of pre-treatment counts of CPB larvae so that plots averaged approximately 175 larvae, including small (instar 1-2) and large (instar 3^1) larvae. Small larvae predominated in the population (mean pre-treatment counts per plot: 138 small, 38 large). Treatments were applied with a CO2pressurized sprayer fitted with a Teejet 8O03-E fiat fan nozzle, delivering 60 gpa at 35 psi. Pre-treatment counts and folaii applications were made 14 Jul. Post-treatment counts of larvae were made 1 d after application. Percent control was calculated as (1-(post-treatment count/pre-treatment count)) X100. The data were subjected to ANOVA after arcsinV(x) transformation.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Sprays, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A.
Published: December 2017

Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Six treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5-ft alleyways separating the plots. GPA was mass reared on greenhouse sweet pepper plants (‘California Wonder’) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots on 27 Jun and again on 8 Jul. A total of four heavily infested plants were released per plot. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gpa finished S (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). Aphid counts were made from non-destructively sampled leaves at random from the top, middle and bottom sections of plants in the center two rows of each plot. The data collected and presented are the total no. of aphids per 20 leaves. On 5 Jul, pre-treatment count was taken at which time it was determined that aphid populations were too low to treat. On 10 Jul, a second pre-treatment count was made and all treatments were applied 11 Jul. All plots received applications of Carbaryl as needed to control Colorado potato beetle. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison (P = .05).
Comparison of Selected Adios Rates and Sevin for Striped Cucumber Beetle Control on Cucurbits, 1996
Authors: O’Rourke P. K. , Burkness E. C. , Hutchison W. D.
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted in a commercially grown field of pumpkin managed by Owatonna Canning Co., Dodge County, Minnesota. The cultivar ‘Buckskin’ was planted 29 May. Plots consisted of three 25-ft rows on 5-ft centers. Plant spacing was 18 inches. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to all 3 rows of a plot once (25 Jun) with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a DG-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle, and no screen. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 1/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Adios, a cucurbitacin bait formulation, contained 13% carbaryl. Percentage of plants infested and live as well as dead insect counts were determined for the middle row of each plot 26 Jun (1 DAT), 28 Jun (3 DAT) and 2 Jul (7 DAT).
Control of Aphids on Spinach, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M.
Published: December 2017

‘Avon’ cultivar spinach was direct seeded to plots in Apr at the Wes Watkins AREC, Lane, OK. Seeds were planted in one row on raised beds on 36 inch centers with ca. 3 inches between plants in rows. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 16 treatments. Insecticides were applied on 16 May using a tractor mounted sprayer with 2 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS 26) per bed applying 41 gpa solution at 42 psi. GPA populations were surveyed on 20 May by examining 5 plants per plot and counting the number of aphids to determine treatment effects.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Bedding Trays of Tomato and Eggplant, 1995
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna
Published: December 2017

The experimental design was a split-split plot with eight randomized blocks in which two host crops (tomato and eggplant) were designated as whole plots, seven imidacloprid doses as sub-plots, and two times of application (one day and 7 days before transplanting) as sub-sub plots. Drenching doses were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays of tomatoes and 0, 0.18, 0.38, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays of eggplant. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (20 tomato plants, 8 eggplants) with rows spaced 72 inches apart. Plots were planted 9 Jun using 288 cell trays. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of live and dead adults, percent defoliation, and percent stand loss.
Effects of Bedding Tray Size and Time of Application on Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire, 1996
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Cain Carol , Boltz Melanie
Published: December 2017

The experimental design was a split plot design with four randomized blocks. Two timings of drench treatments (1 and 7 days prior to transplanting) were arranged as whole plots and two tray sizes (72 and 288 cells/tray) were designated as sub-plots. Untreated plots of plants were paired with treated plants of same tray size. Treated plants received a drench dose of 2.0 oz/acre rate applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of 1.0 ml per plant. Plot size was one row of ‘Peto 696’ tomatoes 20 feet long (20 tomato plants) with rows spaced 64 inches apart. Plots were planted 14 May. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of egg clusters, larvae (all instars), and live and dead adults. Peak defoliation caused by the first generation was assessed on 2 Jul. Plots were harvested on 9 Aug.
Evaluation of Biorational Pesticides for Management of the Silverleaf Whitefly on Fresh Market Tomatoes, Spring 1994
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: December 2017

On 10 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of three 21-ft long rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a tractor-pulled sprayer on 24, 31 Mar, 7, 14, 21, 28 Apr, 5, 12, 19, 24 May and 1 Jun. Each product was applied at 200 psi using yellow Albuz™ ceramic nozzles and at 400 psi using brown Albuz™ ceramic nozzles. As the plants grew, the number of nozzles per row was increased in order to increase gallonage. Thus, 60 gpa were applied the first five sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa the next three sprays (six nozzles) and 120 gpa for the remaining three sprays (eight nozzles). The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of 10 stems from the middle row of each plot on 25 Apr, 25 May and 10 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs and pupae of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF) were counted on the whole leaflets for the first two evaluations and on a single 2 cm2 disk per leaflet on the last evaluation. All counts were converted to an area basis for analyses. The numbers of leafmines and leafrolls of the tomato pinworm (TPW) were counted by two persons during a 1 min search of the middle row of each plot. Counts of both persons were totalled for analyses. Fruit of marketable size were harvested on 27 May and 8 Jun. They were separated into non-damaged and insect-damaged categories, counted and weighed.
Apple, Early Season Mite and Insect Control, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: December 2017

Various acaricide and insecticide treatments were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of spur-type ‘Delicious’ trees. The trees were planted at a spacing of 20 x 30 ft and were 12 years old. All treatments were applied with a Myers Mity Mist sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa driven at 2 mph. All plots received a regular maintenance schedule of fungicides (Nova 40WP, Penncozeb 80WP, Topsin 85DF and Ziram 76WP) and nutrients (CaCl). Post-bloom insecticides (Imidan 70WP) were applied as needed at 1- to 2-week intervals beginning at petal fall in early May. The effect of the sprays on WALH was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 injured leaves/tree. Effects of the treatments on ERM, TSSM, AF and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites at approximately weekly intervals during the season on samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. STLM were evaluated by a 5-min count of tissue-feeding mines around the periphery of the trees at the end of each generation but before peak emergence of the next generation adults. Only mines on spur leaves were counted on 7 Jun, while only mines in shoot leaves were counted on 17 Jul and 12 Sep. Pest pressure was moderate.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Melon Thrips Control, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , McHugh J. J.
Published: December 2017

The study was conducted on Waikele Farms, Inc. located at Kunia, HI. The field was set up in RCB design with seven treatments and three replications (blocks). Each treatment plot consisted of two rows of plants 18 ft. by 19 ft. Plants were planted in hills 4 ft. apart consisting of three plants each. Plants were transplanted into the field on 18 Mar. Treatment plots were separated by a 20 ft. spacing. Total field size was approximately 0.05 acre. Treatments were applied on 6 and 13 Jun at 40 psi and a rate of 60 GPA, using a compressed CO2 sprayer. One TJ60 8006 spray nozzle was used per row.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Roberts S. J. , Armbrust E. J. , Finger J. W.
Published: December 2017

Treatments were evaluated on a 2-year stand during the first alfalfa cuting period at the Southern Illinois University, Belleville Research Center. Plots were 40 X 50 ft with four replications of treatments in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 13 May with a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 19.7 gpa at 30 psi through a 20-ft boom equipped with flat fan nozzles (TeeJet 8002VS) spaced 20 inches apart.
Evaluation of Labelled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Larval Corn Rootworm, 1996
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J.
Published: December 2017

Planting and first-cultivation time insecticide trials were conducted at Clay Center, NE, to evaluate their effectiveness for larval corn rootworm control. Local population consisted of >95% WCR and <5% NCR. All plots were insecticide free from 1993-95. In 1995, plots were planted in trap crop. In 1992, Force 1.5G at 1.2 lb (AI)/acre was applied to all plots. Lorsban 15G at 1.21b (AI)/acre was applied to all plots in 1990 and 1991. The experimental design was a RCB with four replicates. Each treatment replicate consisted of a single row 30 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. Soil type was a Crete silt loam with a 0-1% slope. All plots were planted on 21 May. Soil temperature at 2 inches was 78° F. Soil moisture at 0-2 inches was 13.2% and 16.5% at 2—4 inches using the gravimetric method. Granular insecticides were applied using 10 inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes on a 2-row John Deere 7100 plateless planter. Preweighted amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly around the belt cone by a divider funnel and either directed into the open seed furrow (IF) or a 7-inch band in front of the press wheel and over the open seed furrow and incorporated with a drag rake (TB). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.5 gpa at 14.5 psi (LP). On 10 Jun, initial corn rootworm egg hatch was detected and stand counts were taken. First-cultivation time treatments were applied on 17 Jun. Soil temperature at 2 inches was 76-78° F. A mason jar with holes in the lid was used to apply granular insecticides at first-cultivation. Granules were applied basally by shaking the mason jar and immediately incorporated with a garden rake (GC). A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with an output of 20 gpa at 30 psi was used to apply liquid insecticides at first-cultivation. Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the top of the plant whorl and insecticide reaching the soil surface was immediately incorporated with a garden rake (LC). Plots were cultivated on 20 Jun. Larval feeding damage was evaluated on 16-17 Jul. Five plants were dug from each treatment replicate and rated using the Iowa 1-6 scale (1, no feeding, to 6, 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Larval European Corn Borer on Whorl Stage Corn, 1996
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J.
Published: December 2017

Experimental and labelled insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against larval ECB in whorl stage field corn in two fields near Clay Center, NE. Field 1 was planted with ‘Pioneer 3417IR’ hybrid on 21 May and Field 2 with ‘Pioneer 3162’ hybrid on 20 Apr, using a 2-row John Deere 7100 planter. Experimental design was a RCB with four replicates. Each plot consisted of a single row, 30 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied using two 10-inch Almaco smooth belt cones mounted in place of insecticide boxes for Field 1 and rear mounted on a Hahn Hi-Boy for Field 2. Preweighed amounts of insecticide granules were distributed uniformly aroung the belt cone by a divider funnel and directed into the open seed furrow (IF) in Field 1 or applied over the top of the plant whorl (G) in Field 2. In Field 1, a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer mounted on the planter was used to apply liquid insecticides at planting. A TeeJet #250017 nozzle positioned between the disc openers was used to direct an in-furrow spray of 1.5 gpa at 14.5 psi (LP). Post-plant liquid treatments were applied in a 7-inch band over the top of the plant whorl with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 20 gpa at 30 psi on 17 Jun (LPP). Liquid insecticides were broadcast over the top of the plant whorl with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 20 gpa at 30 psi (L). Five uninfested plants per plot in both fields were artificially infested with 10 ECB black-head stage egg masses each on 26 Jun. Crop growth stage for both fields was an extended leaf height of 26-28 inches and 35-45 inches free standing height, respectively. Also, in field 2, five naturally infested plants which exhibited active larval whorl feeding were also marked at the time of artificial infestation. The stalks of the infested plants in each field were split lengthwise and the total number of tunnels in the five plants per plot were used to evaluate ECB larval damage. Infested plants in Field 1 were evaluated for damage on 30 Jul and in Field 2 on 23 Jul, 6 and 8 Aug. The percent infestation at evaluation was determined by the number of plants with a minimum of 1 cavity per treatment replicate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1996
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Rebarchak Paul
Published: December 2017

Two insecticide efficacy studies for controlling mixed populations of NCR (3% Experiment 1 and 30% Experiment 2) and WCR (97% Experiment 1 and 70% Experiment 2) were conducted at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. The experiments were conducted on separate fields approximately 1 mile apart. Corn was planted no-till on 21, 22 May (Experiment 1) and 22 May (Experiment 2) using a John Deere Max-Emerge 2 row planter with 30 inch spacing. Three treatments were applied in each experiment on 31 May, using a SmartBox™ Closed Pesticide Delivery System. The field used in Experiment 1 was planted with corn and pumpkin as a trap for rootworm adults in 1995. Insecticides were applied to 10 X 40 ft plots arranged in a RCB design with four replications per treatment and an untreated check per replication. Plant populations were counted at both locations on 4 Jun. Root damage ratings were evaluated 5, 6 Aug (Experiment 1) and 6, 7 Aug (Experiment 2) using the Iowa 1 to 6 system. Corn in all treatments was harvested for silage and grain yield. In Experiment 1, silage yield was determined on 7, 8, 9 Oct and grain yield on 6 Nov by harvesting 1/1000 acre (17 ft of one row) in each plot by hand because the soil at harvest was too wet to use the silage harvester. Percent moisture was determined for each replication by drying 5 random plant samples collected across the various treatments. In Experiment 2, silage yield was determined using a one-row silage harvester on 26 Sep. Percent moisture for silage in this experiment was determined by drying a subsample (approximately 2 lb wet) from each plot. Silage yield was adjusted to 65% moisture in both experiments. Grain yield for Experiment 2 was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows from each plot for shelled corn on 18 Nov with a Massey Ferguson combine. Percent moisture of the shelled corn was determined for each plot with a moisture meter and the grain yield was adjusted to 15.5% moisture for both experiments.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against the Corn Thrips, 1995
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R.
Published: December 2017

The insecticides Ammo 2.5 EC and Capture 2 EC were tested in two field trials from February to April. Trials were conducted at the Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. fields located near Kalaheo on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai. For each trial, the same treatments and field design were utilized. Seven treatments were set in a RCB design with four replications. Each treatment replication consisted of six rows of corn at 60 ft. length. The corn seeds were planted on 30 inch centers and 8.5 inch inrow spacing. Treatments were separated by a 5-ft non-spray buffer area. Adjacent replications were separated by a 10-ft non-spray buffer area. Extra corn rows were planted in the field area; therefore, not all of the area was utilized. The total area of the field actually used for the experiment was 0.83 acre. The field for Trial 1 was planted on 17 Jan and for Trial 2 on 16 Mar. The fields were irrigated by drip irrigation at 3-4 d intervals. Two spray applications were made at 1-week intervals with a Hagie 8250 sprayer at 40 psi with a tractor speed of approximately 3 mph. The boom ran on three sets of nozzles with 16-17-16 nozzles per set, respectfully. The nozzles distance on the boom corresponded with row spacing therefore sprays were applied with one nozzle per row. In both field trials, Ammo and Capture were applied at a rate of 50 gpa. Dimethoate was used at 100 gpa for trial 1 and 50 gpa in trial 2. The adjuvant Silwett L-77 was used at 8.0 oz./acre for treatments applied at 50 gpa and at 4.0 oz./acre at 100 gpa. Treatments were made on 24 Feb and 2 Mar for Trial 1 and on 8 Apr and 13 Apr for Trial 2.
Evaluation of Warrior Against the Corn Thrips, 1996
Authors: Mau R. F. L. , Gusukuma-Minuto L. R. , Oyama R.
Published: December 2017

Corn thrips is an important pest of the corn seed industry in Hawaii. If the insect is not controlled, it causes direct feeding injury that results in plant stunting or death of young corn plants. At these injury levels, economic reductions in seed yield of 70 to 100% have occurred. The field evaluation was conducted at Pioneer Hi-Bred International’s field located near Kekaha on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Two rates of Warrior (1 EC), a treated standard (Capture 2 EC at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre) and an untreated check, were set in a RCB design with four replications. Each treatment replicate consisted of 10 rows of corn at 30 ft. length. The field was seeded on 18 Mar on 30 inch centers and 8.5 inch in-row plant spacing. Treatments were separated by a 5-ft non-spray buffer area. Adjacent replications were separated by a 10 ft non-spray buffer area. Total area used for the test was approximately 0.22 acre. Sprays were applied with a John Deere 6500 sprayer at 33 psi with an output of 40 gpa. The boom was equipped with two twin jet 8004 nozzles per row, one directly over and one between each row. Treatment applications were initiated four weeks after planting the field when the plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage. Treatments were made on 11 and 18 Apr. Whole plant samples were taken four times during each field trial. On each evaluation date, 10 plants from each treatment replication were randomly selected using a zigzag pattern. Each plant was cut near the base and placed in separate plastic bags. Pre-treatment samples were taken 1 day before the first chemical application. Post-treatment evaluations were made 5 days and 7 days after the first spray application. Subsequently, the fourth evaluation was made 5 days after the second spray application.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer on Corn Under Natural Infestation, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Weinzierl R. A. , Finger J. W.
Published: December 2017

Corn was planted at the University of Illinois Vegetable Crops Farm, Champaign, IL in rows 30 inches wide on 26 Jun. A RCB design was used, and each treatment was replicated four times, with two untreated checks per replicate. These two controls within each block were averaged for analysis. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 50 ft long. Insecticides were applied to the middle rows of each plot; the two outside rows were left untreated, leaving two untreated rows between each treatment. Treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance sprayer with a rear-mounted boom. Three Conejet (TXVS-8) hollow cone nozzles per row; two attached to drops allowing spray to be directed towards the ear zone and one nozzle positioned directly over the row. Sprays were delivered with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 29.5 gpa at 40 psi and 2.5 mph. A pre-silk application of all treatments was made on 15 Aug, in response to extremely high ECB moth flights. Silk sprays were applied on 20, 24, and 28 Aug; 1 and 6 Sep, beginning at 12% silk. At maturity, twenty-five ears were harvested per treatment from each replication (100 ears/treatment) on 10 Sep. Ears were husked and evaluated and the number of damaged ears, pest species, larval size and location of ear damage (tip or side) were recorded for each ear.
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Black Cutworm Larvae, 1996
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W.
Published: December 2017

Corn was planted in 30-inch rows in 6 Sep. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Each plot was 4 rows wide X 60 ft long. Insecti cides were applied at planting-time, pre-emergence (9 Sep), and as rescue treatments (18 Sep). They were evaluated for the control of black cutworm (BCW) under artificial infestation. On 17 Sep, corn plants were infested with BCW larvae within barrier arenas that were 36 ft2. Fifteen laboratory-reareci BCW third to fourth instars were placed in the center of each arena. Granular insecticides were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-emerge planter). Granules were applied as a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels. Spring tines mounted be hind each planter unit were used to incorporate the insecticide into the soil. Planting-time applications of Lorsban 4E were delivered with 8002 nozzles ai 5.75 gpa in a 7-inch band at 25 psi at a speed of 5 mph. Pre-emergence treatments were applied as a broadcast spray over 2 rows with a CO2 back-pack sprayer system calibrated to deliver 13.1 gpa at 23 psi. Rescue treatments were applied as a broadcast spray over 2 rows using the same calibrations. A CO2 back-pack sprayer system was used for the pre-emergence treatments. The cumulative number of cut plants was determined 3, 7, 10, and 14 days af ter infestation (DAI). The condition of each plant cut by BCW larvae was determined to be either “dead” or “recovered” from previous cutting on 14 DAI
Chinch Bug Management with Foliar Insecticides in Corn, 1996
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H.
Published: December 2017

The insecticidal efficacy of selected treatments was compared to that of an untreated control in no-till corn at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station in Winnsboro, LA. Corn was planted in a Gigger silt loam (pH = 6.1, 1.1% organic matter) on 12 Mar in plots of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 40 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Applications were made with a handboom and CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 80015 flat fan nozzles s2/row) at 30 psi. Insecticides were applied on 8 May. Ten plants/plot were randomly chosen for sampling on 10 and 13 May. Total numbers of chinch bugs were recorded by visually examining the plants. The test area was furrow irrigated throughout the season and rainfall was not a factor influencing insecticide efficacy. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Effect of Selected Insecticides for Thrips Control on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. , Edmisten Keith , Straughn Edward
Published: December 2017

Granular insecticides were applied in-furrow at planting from a positive displacement device mounted above the planter on 25 Apr at the Cherry Research Station in Goldsboro. Liquid at-planting treatments were applied from a tractor at 3.5 mph with 20 gpa water through 8003 fiat fan nozzles at 20 psi directed into the seed furrow. The foliar treatments were applied on 14 May (single treatments) and on 14 and 24 May (double treatments) via a CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. Plots were 4 rows X 50 ft with four replica forms and arranged in a RCBD. The 14 treatments were evaluated for plant stands and heights, adult and immature thrips levels, fruit loads and yields. The dates and sample size of these assessments are listed in the table. All data were subjected to ANOVA and DMRT. Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical picker from the middle 2 rows on 17 Oct.
Persistence of Mycotrol Wp9504 (Beauver1A Bassiana) and Provado (Imidacloprid) to Control Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Brown J.Z. , Steinkraus D. C. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: December 2017

The persistence of Mycotrol and Provado alone and in combination to kill TBP caged on cotton plants was studied. Cotton was planted 20 May on the UA Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville, AR. Adult TPB were collected 16 Jul from flowering mustard planted in cotton at the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station, Marianna, AR and transported to Fayetteville, AR. Nylon tulle (1 mm2 mesh) sleeve cages 3 ft long by 1 ft diameter were placed over the first 6 terminal nodes of flowering cotton plants in plots 30 ft long by 1 row in width. Cages were separated across rows by 3 rows and within rows by 10 ft. A RCB design was used with 4 blocks and 3 cages per treatment within a block with 5 TPB per cage. Treatments were applied 17 Jul at 15 gpa with 0.04% Kinetic solution as carrier using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 35 psi with Twin Jet 8002 VS nozzles. The check was 0.04% Kinetic solution. Additional replicates were placed in the field 12, 24, and 48 h after spray. 72 h from first exposure, TBP were collected. Live TPB were placed in individual 30 ml plastic cups with a 2.5 cm piece of fresh green been and monitored for mortality 3, 5, and 7 DAT. Dead TBP were placed in sporulation chambers (9 cm Petri dishes with moist filter paper), sealed with Parafilm and examined after 1 week to assess mycoses. ANOVA and mean separation by LSD (P = 0.05) were performed using the arcsine/square root of the proportion dead from each cage.
Impact of Soil Saturation on the Performance of At-Planting Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B.
Published: December 2017

Plots were replicated four times in a split plot design and were four rows (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville LA 887 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on 6 May on a Sharkey clay soil which was fertilized with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Irrigation treatments consisted of no irrigation and the equivalent of 4 inches of rainfall 4 days after emergence, simulating excess rainfall and saturated soil conditions. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Plots were harvested on 7 Oct. The two center rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Control of Boll Weevil in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Adamczyk J.
Published: December 2017

Three tests were conducted to evaluate the effi cacy of selected insecticides against boll weevil in cotton planted 18 Apr. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. in all tests. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 28 Jun, 1,3,8, and 12 Jul in all tests. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 cotton flowei buds (squares) per plot 2-4 DAT for evidence of boll weevil damage. No additional foliar insecticides were applied to the plots during this test. The plots received 0.51 inch rainfall on 10 Jul. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Pirate 3Sc Tank Mixtures Against Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm (Bw/Tbw) in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Holloway J. W.
Published: December 2017

The efficacy of Pirate tank mixtures was evaluated against BW/TBW at the Macon Ridge (LA) location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 21 May in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Insecticides were applied on 7, 9, 12, 14 and 27 Aug. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot on 9, 12, 14, 19 Aug, and 4 Sep for evidence of BW/TBW damage and squares infested with larvae. The plots were mechanically harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yields. The test was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall did not influence the efficacy of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Different Insecticide Rates and Application Schedules for Control of Bollworm on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A.
Published: December 2017

Efficacy of two insecticide applications, applied either as two standard (low) rates or as one standard followed by one high rate, was evaluated for control ot bollworm on Virginia cotton. ‘DPL 51’ cotton was planted 10 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, Va. using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 31 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the two center rows of each plot. All applications were applied at egg threshold (based on the presence of 10 or more boll-worm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls) and again after 5 days. A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of the egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Field Populations of Beet Armyworm, 1996
Authors: Mascarenhas V. J. , Graves J. B. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H.
Published: December 2017

A field test was conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA, to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against beet armyworms on cotton. Plots were planted on 4 Jun. Test plots were arranged in a RCBD and replicated 4 times with plots of 4 rows (40 inch centers) by 50 ft. Treatments were applied on 6 Sep with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 11.6 gpa through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 44 psi. Treatment efficacy was determined by taking 2 drop-cloth (3 ft X 3 ft) samples on a different row at each sample date. Samples were taken at 3, 5 and 7 DAT. Data were converted to percent control based on populations of beet armyworm observed in the untreated plots at each observational period. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by means separation according to Fisher’s Protected LSD. No rainfall occurred during the experimental period.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Heliothine Larvae on Cotton (Trial 2), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

This test evaluated the effectiveness of larvicides for the control of TBW and BW larvae in cotton in Mississippi. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with 4 untreated rows or a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plots were sampled at 3 to 4 day interval throughout the growing season for larvae in terminals and squares, square damage, and eggs in terminals. Twenty-five randomly selected terminals and squares in each plot were sampled, and treatment was initiated when population levels reached treatment threshold according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide. Other pests occurring throughout the season were treated according to the Mississippi Cotton Insect Control Guide recommendations. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractoi equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles per row traveling 4 mph and delivering 5 gpa. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot. Spray applications were made 28 Jun 4, 10, 22. and 29 Jul, and 7 Aug. Rain prevented timely application for some applications and decreased the residual efficacy.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Aphid Control (Trial 2), 1996
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Howell Michael S. , Jackson C. S.
Published: December 2017

This test evaluated the effectiveness of insecticides and insecticide combinations to control cotton aphids. Plots were 4 rows wide and 50 ft long with four untreated rows and a 10 ft planted buffer between plots. Plants in each plot were sampled at 3 to 4 day intervals early in the growing season for cotton aphids by selecting 10 random plants in each plot. One leaf from the terminal and one leaf four nodes below the terminal (mid-canopy level) were sampled on each plant. The total number of aphids on the terminal leaves and mid-canopy leaves was recorded. Treatment was initiated when population levels were rapidly increasing. All insecticide applications were applied with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two TX4 hollow cone nozzles perrow traveling 4 MPH and delivering 5 gallons of water per acre. Plots within a replicate were sprayed sequentially to maintain true replicate integrity. Yield was estimated by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot. Applications of insecticides for aphid control were made 23 Jun and 10 Jul.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides on Plant Bugs and Predatory Arthropods on Cotton, 1996
Authors: Studebaker Glenn
Published: December 2017

The efficacx of selected insecticides against TPB, CPB and predatory arthropods in Arkansas was evaluated. Test plots consisted of eight, 38-inch rows 150 ft long Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 6 Aug with a John Deere Hi-cycle calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-8 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 43 psi. Treatments were evaluated 3 and 7 DAT with a 15" diameter sweep net, counting the numbei of TPB, CPB and predatory arthropods per 10 sweeps in each plot.
Thrips and Bollworm Control in Bt Cotton 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted 25 May 1996 on the Judd Hill Plantation near Truman, AR in Mhoon sandy loam soil. Plots were 8 rows (38 inch centers) wide and 40 ft long separated by 2 unplanted rows and 10 ft alleys. Irrigation was supplied by flooding furrows. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Temik was applied at planting using Gandy boxes. The sidedress application was made on 3 Jul. Baythroid was applied using a 4-row CO2 charged backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13 gpa at 20 psi with 1 TJ-50 8002vs nozzle per row. Thrips were monitored by using whole plant washes of a detergent mixture with an alcohol rinse. Plants were monitored for pest insects and damage through the season and were mapped at harvest.
Bollworm and Tarnished Plant Bug Control 1996
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: December 2017

Cotton was planted 9 May on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR in 8 row (38 inch centers) wide plots 50 ft long separated by 2 row buffer zones planted in mustard. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 26 Jul using a 8-row CO2 charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 nozzles on 19 inch spacing. Treatments were evaluated for bollworm control 4 days after treatment by examining 25 terminals and 25 bolls in the center 4 rows of each plot. Numbers of TPB were estimated using 25 sweeps of an 18" net and 6 drop cloth samples of 9 ft row (1.5 ft drops). Predaceous insects were counted in the drop cloth samples as well.
Control of Insects in Spring Peas, 1996
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Burns J. W.
Published: December 2017

Six insecticide treatments were tested on plots established 2 May near Steptoe, WA on the Suess Farm. The plots were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates 4 X 10 ft each. Gaucho 480 was applied as seed treatment at 1.0 and 0.5 oz (AI)/cwt. Foliar treatments were applied at the appearance of PA and rated 4, 8, 16, 23, and 29 DAT by counting aphids per 2 ft2 sample per replicate. PW damage was rated at harvest by counting weevil-damaged peas per 500 pea sample. Yield data were collected by threshing the pea vines in a stationary thresher and calculating grams of peas per 25 ft2-sample per replicate.
Apple, Secondary Pest Control Test, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C.
Published: December 2017

Dilute sprays were applied with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at pink (13 May), petal fall (31 May), and as cover sprays on 12 Jun, 24 Jun, 9 Jul, 24 Jul, 8 Aug, and 20 Aug. A mixture of Endosulfan 50 WSB (8.0 oz AI/100 gal), Imidan 70 WP (8.4 oz AI/100 gal) and Savey 50 WP 0.5 oz AI/100 gal) was applied at pink in the Imidan treatment. Imidan alone (11.2 oz AI/100 gal) was applied at petal fall, 1C, 2C, 5C, and 6C. A mixture of Imidan 70 WP (11.2 oz AI/100 gal), Confirm 2E (1.5 oz AI/100 gal) and Provado 1.6 F (0.3 oz AI/100 gal) was applied in this program in the 3rd and 4thC sprays. All other treatments were applied at petal fall, and in lst-6thC sprays. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times, 2 being 6-tree plots and one 8-tree plot.
Evaluation of Guardian For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1995
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A.
Published: December 2017

Guardian was evaluated for RWW Control at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Collectively levied 5 X 20 ft plots were arranged in a RB design with 4 blocks and 4 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water-seeded 29 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyrpus’ rice at 138 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 8 Jun. Foliar applications of Guardian were applied at 14.5 oz formulation/acre. Furadan 3G was applied at 0.6 lb (Al)/acre using a hand-held shaker when RWW larval density was at or above threshold (5 larvae/sample). Guardian applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 16 psi with 80015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. RWW eggs were counted from 5 randomly selected plants per plot beginning 2 days post-flood, then weekly until RWW threshold. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 26 Jun, and 3 and 11 Jul using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by hand-harvesting one random 3 ft2 sample per plot on 19 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. RWW larval data were log transformed and all data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected least significant difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation at 0.05 probability level.
Evaluation of Karate For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A.
Published: December 2017

Karate was evaluated for RWW control at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RB design with four blocks and seven treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 55 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water-seeded 21 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 130 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 28 May. Furadan 3G was applied 18 Jun at 0.6 lb(AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker. Karate applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 10015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 10, 17, 25 Jun using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by harvesting the center 4 rows per plot using a Kubota combine 11 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. All data were subjected to ANOVA. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation at 0.05 probability level.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A.
Published: December 2017

Several insecticides applied at various rates, formulations, and times were evaluated for control of adult rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 25 ft, were arranged in a RB design with 4 blocks and 11 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was pre-plant incorporated at 45 lb (23-12-12) N-P-K/acre and applied broadcast 4 and 6 wk post-flood at 45 lb (23-12-12) and 55 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were drill-seeded with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 90 lb of seed/acre to Crowley silt loam on 2 May, flushed on 21 May and permanently flooded 28 May. The her-bicides Basagran, Stam, Arrosolo, and Ordram were applied to control weeds. Basagran and Stam were applied at 0.5 and 4.0 lb(AI)/acre on 27 May. Arrosolo and Ordram were applied aerially at 3.5 lb(AI)/acre on 4 Jun and 3.0 lb(AI)/acre on 11 Jun, respectively. All pesticide applications except Furadan 3G were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 110015VS flat-fan nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 11,18 and 26 Jun using a 4 X 4 inch core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected rice water weevil (RWW) larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Plots were harvested on 11 Sep using a Kubota combine. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% moisture for determination of yield. Rice water weevil larval data were log transformed to improve normality before being subjected to analysis of variance. The experimental and sam-pling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Treatment means were separated using protected least significant difference (LSD) at P = 0.05.