bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grassroots Initiative for Religious Moderation: Overcoming Radicalism in Rural
Authors: Isnaini Isnaini , Aniati Ana
Published: November 2024

This research analyzes grassroots initiatives for religious moderation in overcoming radicalism in rural areas. This research uses a qualitative case study approach. Data collection techniques use interview observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research results show that grassroots initiatives through moderate religious education, strengthening local wisdom, cooperation and collaboration, and cultural and social approaches have successfully built collective awareness about the importance of religious moderation. These programs encourage active community involvement in maintaining harmony and preventing the spread of radical ideology. The success of this initiative was also marked by increased tolerance and solidarity among village residents, as well as a significant reduction in incidents of religious-based violence. This research confirms that a bottom-up approach to religious moderation has great potential in building community resilience against radicalism, especially in rural areas, vulnerable to external influences.
Risk factors of allergic rhinitis and its prevention strategies
Authors: Chen Ruzhi , An Wei , Liu Xueting , Yan Jie , Huang Yuyi , Zhang Junyan
Published: November 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global disease with high prevalence. It reduces the patient's quality of life seriously. The health care and management of AR was also a heavy social burden. Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only curative treatment for AR that may alter the natural course of this disease. However, acceptance and compliance of SIT in AR patients are still not high and many patients are not effectively controlled. Disease prevention based on known risk factors is much more cost-effective compared to post-diagnosis treatment. There have been some reports on the risk factors of AR up to now, but the information is fragmented. This review systemically clarified the risk factors of AR including hereditary factors and family history, maternal situation & mode of delivery and feeding, personal characteristics, nutrition and food intake, personal behavior and habits, acquired environmental and chemical exposure, diseases and health status. The preventive strategies were also proposed briefly. This review was hopeful to improve people's awareness of the risk factors of AR and put forward AR prevention.
Quantifying impact of correlated predictors on low-cost sensor PM2.5 data using KZ filter
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Sur Shantanu , Senarathna Dinushani , Gurajala Supraja , Dhaniyala Suresh , Mondal Sumona
Published: November 2024

PM2.5, fine particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm, is associated with a range of health problems. Monitoring PM2.5 levels at the community scale is crucial for understanding personal exposure and implementing preventive measures. While monitoring agencies around the world, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), provide accurate data, the spatial coverage is limited due to a sparse monitoring network. Recently, the emergence of low-cost air quality sensor networks has enabled the availability of air quality data with higher spatiotemporal resolution, which is more representative of personal exposure. However, concerns persist regarding the sensitivity, noise, and reliability of data from these low-cost sensors. In this study, we analyzed PM2.5 data from both EPA and Purple Air (PA) sensors in Cook County, Illinois, with two primary goals: (1) understanding the differential impact of meteorological factors on PA and EPA sensor networks and (2) provide a mathematical approach to quantify the individual impact of correlated predictors on both short-term and baseline variations in noisy time series data. We used the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filter to separate the time series into short-term and baseline components, followed by fitting linear models to quantify the impact of meteorological predictors, including temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and wind direction (WD). Furthermore, we applied the Lindeman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) method to these linear models to quantify the individual contribution of each predictor in the presence of multicollinearity. Our results show that the PM2.5 data from PA sensors exhibit higher sensitivity to meteorological factors, particularly wind speed, in the short-term and RH in the baseline component. This method provides a structured approach for analyzing noisy sensor data under diverse environmental conditions.
Growth performance, rumen development, and sensorial meat quality of goat kids fed extruded and pelleted starters
Authors: Rico-Costilla Daniela S. , Ramos-Zayas Yareellys , García-Hernández Carlos , Méndez-Zamora Gerardo , Fimbres-Durazo Héctor , Moreno-Degollado Gustavo , Kawas Jorge R.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing extruded and pelleted starter feeds on growth performance, rumen development, carcass characteristics, and sensorial meat quality of goat kids fed an all-milk protein replacer. Forty-five new-born French Alpine kids (21 males, 4.93 ± 0.58 kg; and 24 females, 4.40 ± 0.60 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment diets, milk replacer-only (RO), milk replacer supplemented with extruded starter feed (RE), or milk replacer supplemented with pelleted starter feed (RP) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. After 35 days, the final weights, weight gain, body size measurements, organ weights, and hot and cold carcass weights were greater (p < 0.05) for goat kids in the RO group compared to those in the RE and RP groups. Milk replacer intake was reduced (p = 0.000) with starter supplementation, and intake of the extruded starter was higher (p = 0.001) than that of the pelleted starter. The rumen weight was greater (p = 0.019) in the RE group than in the RO group. Rumen pH was higher (p = 0.006) and acetic acid (p = 0.008) and total VFA (p = 0.012) concentrations were lower in the RO group than in the RE and RP groups. Mesenteric fat content was higher (p = 0.002) in the RO group than in the other groups. Meat odor of the RO group was preferred (p = 0.051) by the sensorial panel. Feeding an RO diet is beneficial for goat kids sold to restaurants. For replacement kids, an extruded starter feed may improve rumen development and facilitate adaptation to post-weaning dry feed consumption.
A wireless buckle transducer for measurement of human forearm tendon tension: operational principles and finite element study
Authors: Rastegarpanah Alireza , Taylor Stephen J. G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Conventional methods for evaluating the management of spasticity, a complex neuromuscular disorder, typically fail to directly measure the muscle forces and loads applied through tendons, which is crucial for accurate diagnostics and treatment. To bridge this gap, we developed a novel modular buckle transducer (BT) designed to measure tendon forces in vivo. This device adjusts to accommodate tendon sizes ranging from 3 mm to 5 mm, maintaining accuracy within this range and avoiding the need for identical tendon calibration.

Methods

This study first presents the mechanical principles for determining tendon tension T using several strain gauges appropriately positioned to allow for varying angles of passage of the tendon through the device. Next, we present a finite element (FE) model that uses multiple linear regression to determine T while varying tendon diameter and lateral placement within the device for several candidate strain gauge locations on the device base plate. Finally, we posit several alternative ways of combining gauge strains.

Results

Initial simulation results demonstrated that this placement facilitates effective pre-implementation calibration, with the device accommodating tendon variations from 3 mm to 5 mm in diameter for a range of gauge placements.

Discussion

Future validation of this technology will involve direct testing on explanted human/equine tendons to verify the practical utility of the BT, aiming to establish a new standard for assessing and managing neuromuscular disorders such as spasticity.
Blockchain solutions for generative AI challenges in journalism
Authors: Picha Edwardsson Malin , Al-Saqaf Walid
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify and assess AI and blockchain solutions in relation to journalistic authenticity and integrity. Central to our exploration is the role of blockchain technology in verifying content provenance. As a key component of a global Web3 framework, blockchain could offer a foundation for authenticating the origins of content. In this article, we explore how blockchain, with its capacity for creating immutable and cryptographically signed data records, could be applied by journalists to verify photos, videos and documents. Our analysis identified nine blockchain-based solutions for content verification, with three platforms–Attestiv, OriginStamp, and Fact Protocol–showing particular promise for journalistic workflows. We conclude that while AI and blockchain solutions are currently available to journalists today, they require high-level technical expertise. Many media companies are now venturing into this field as well, thus affecting the professional role of journalists in general. In our study, it is evident that integrating AI and blockchain in journalism is not merely about adopting new tools but also about understanding their broader implications for journalism as a profession and the convergence in society. The focus must remain on enhancing journalistic integrity and public trust to ensure that these technological advances benefit the field of journalism and, by extension, the democratic processes it supports.
Antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity, polyphenol profile analysis, and cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines of hydro-ethanolic extracts of leaves of (Ficus carica L.) from Eastern Morocco
Authors: Tikent Aziz , Laaraj Salah , Bouddine Toufik , Chebaibi Mohamed , Bouhrim Mohamed , Elfazazi Kaoutar , Alqahtani Ali S. , Noman Omar M. , Hajji Lhoussain , Rhazi Larbi , Elamrani Ahmed , Addi Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Many beneficial compounds found in fig leaves can be used in tea and medicine. These compounds aid with digestion, reduce inflammation, and treat diabetes and bronchitis. Chetoui, Malha, Ghoudane, and Onk Hmam fig leaf hydro-ethanol extracts from Eastern Morocco were analyzed for metabolites and biological activities.

Methods, results, and discussion:

HPLC-UV examination revealed that the leaf extract included mainly caffeine, rutin, and ferrulic acid. Spectrophometric results show that Malha leaf is rich in polyphenols (62.6 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (26.2 ± 0.1 mg QE/g). Chetoui leaf contains the highest vitamin C content (8.2 ± 0.1 mg Asc A/100 g DW), while Onk Hmam leaf has the highest condensed tannin (4.9 ± 0.1 mg CatE/g). The investigations found that all leaf extracts were antioxidant-rich, with strong Pearson bivariate correlation between bioactive polyphenol levels and antioxidant tests for DPPH, β-carotene, ABTS, and TAC (values of −0.93, −0.94, −0.85, and 0.98, respectively). The coefficients for flavonoid content were −0.89, −0.89, −0.97, and 0.80, respectively. Disk diffusion and MIC results show that the hydro-ethanol fig leaf extracts eliminate fungi and bacteria. In addition, these fig leaf extracts showed promise cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436 and an interesting selectivity index. In silico leaf bioactive component analysis revealed that myricitin inhibited NADPH oxidase the greatest (gscore −6.59 Kcal/mol). Trans-ferulic acid inhibits Escherichia coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase (−6.55 kcal/mol), whereas quercetin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase (−8.99). CYP51 from Candida albicans is best treated with kaempferol and myricitin. Both had a glide gscore of −7.84 kcal/mol. Rutin has the most potent Sespace 3 anticancer activity, with a glide gscore of −7.09 kcal/mol.

Conclusion

This research indicates that fig leaf extracts from the region can be used in medicine, food, natural cosmetics, and breast cancer prevention. To maximize the value of these leaves, their use must be carefully studied. Naturally, this fortunate tree’s diversity must be preserved and enhanced.
Photovoltaic output prediction based on VMD disturbance feature extraction and WaveNet
Authors: Zhao ShouSheng , Yang Xiaofeng , Li Kangyi , Li Xijuan , Qi Weiwen , Huang Xingxing
Published: November 2024

Traditional photovoltaic (PV) forecasting methods often overlook the impact of the correlation between different power fluctuations and weather factors on short-term forecasting accuracy. To address this, this paper proposes a PV output forecasting method based on Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) disturbance feature extraction and the WaveNet model. First, to extract different feature variations of the output and enhance the model’s ability to capture PV power fluctuation details, VMD is used to decompose the PV output time series, obtaining IMFs modes representing output disturbances and quasi-clear sky IMF modes. Then, to reveal power changes, especially the underlying patterns of disturbances and their relationship with weather factors, K-means clustering is applied to the IMF modes representing output disturbances, clustering the disturbance IMFs into different power change feature clusters. This is combined with Spearman correlation analysis of weather factors and the construction of an experimental dataset. Finally, to enhance the model’s learning ability and improve short-term output forecasting accuracy, the WaveNet model is employed during the forecasting phase. Separate WaveNet models are constructed and trained with the corresponding datasets, and the total PV output forecast is obtained by superimposing the predictions of different IMF modes. Experimental results are compared with traditional methods, demonstrating a significant improvement in forecasting accuracy, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) error of 6.94%, highlighting the effectiveness of our method and providing strong technical support for the refined management and intelligent forecasting of PV energy.
Menopausal characteristics and hormone replacement therapy in relation to long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women
Authors: Ding Guan-Jun , Jiang Wei , Lyu Jie-Qiong , Ma Jie , Chen Guo-Chong , Li Fu-Rong , Yang Si-Jia , Miao Meng-Yuan , Hua Yong-Fei
Published: November 2024

Background

Women are known to be at higher risk for gallbladder disease than men, suggesting a role of female hormones in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease. This study aimed to assess menopausal characteristics, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their joint effect on long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women.

Methods

A total of 184,677 women were included from the UK Biobank. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of menopausal characteristics and HRT with risk of cholecystectomy. The joint influence of HRT use and the status and type of menopause on incident cholecystectomy were further evaluated.

Results

During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 4,991 incident cases of cholecystectomy were identified. Natural menopause, regardless of menopausal age, was not associated with risk of cholecystectomy, while surgical menopause at a young age was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. Ever use of HRT was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. In particular, women who were surgically-menopausal and started HRT before menopause had the highest risk for cholecystectomy (hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.70–3.04), when compared with women who were naturally-menopausal and never used HRT.

Conclusions

Early surgical menopause and ever use of HRT was independently associated with the risk of cholecystectomy.
Research trends and hotspots on septic shock: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis
Authors: Wang Sitong , Li Nan , Ma Ben , Zhu Shuang , Zhou Yu , Ma Ruihang
Published: November 2024

Background

Septic shock, the most severe stage of sepsis, causes potential circulatory failure and abnormal cell metabolism which are severe enough to affect prognosis, increase mortality, and impose significant burdens on the medical system. Despite a growing number of studies exploring the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk factors, research trends and hotspots in septic shock remain lacking. This study aims to create a visual knowledge map, identify research hotspots, and predict prospective trends based on bibliometric analysis.

Methods

We searched for publications related to septic shock in Web of Science Core Collection up to June 15, 2023. CiteSpace5.5 R2, VOS viewer and Pathfinder were used to evaluate the annual publications, countries, institutions, journals and keywords. We also analyzed the collaboration among countries, institutions and authors, and identified research hotspots and frontiers.

Results

A total of 4,208 English papers were included in the analysis, and the annual publication displayed a slow upward trend. In terms of publication volume, the top three countries were the United States, France, and Germany, and the University of Pittsburgh (the United States) ranked first (n = 85) among all institutions, with Jeanlouis Vincent from Erasmus Medical Center (Netherlands) as the most published author (n = 32). According to the collaborative network, the United States had the highest level of cooperation, and the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Toronto, and Columbia University were the institutions with the most foreign cooperation. Additionally, the co-author network revealed that scholars such as Jeanlouis Vincent, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Djillali Annane, had the strongest collaborations. The co-citation network showed that the top 3 most cited articles were: Singer M (2016), Rhodes A (2017), Dellinger RP (2013), and the top 3 most cited journals were Crit Care Med (3,664 times), N Engl J Med (3,207 times), Intens Care Med (3,096 times) in this field. In the keyword co-occurrence network, the most frequent keywords were “septic shock” (2531), “sepsis” (1667), and “mortality” (569), indicating the current research hotspots. Pathobiology, fluid therapy, and endotoxic septic shock were emerging trends in research.

Conclusion

By using bibliometrics, this study reviewed the studies in septic shock and revealed the hotspots and cutting-edge trends, including the pathogenesis of complications, the development of new biomarkers, the timing and methods of alternative treatments, and the rehabilitation trajectory, etc., which provided a reference for subsequent studies in septic shock.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and correlation with multiple cognitive domains
Authors: Chen Qionglei , Shi Jiayu , Yu Gaojie , Xie Huijia , Yu Shicheng , Xu Jin , Liu Jiaming , Sun Jing
Published: November 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence suggested that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was associated with altered gut microbiota. However, the relationships between gut microbiota and specific cognitive domains of AD patients have yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore microbial signatures associated with global cognition and specific cognitive domains in AD patients and to determine their predictive value as biomarkers.

Methods

A total of 64 subjects (18 mild AD, 23 severe AD and 23 healthy control) were recruited in the study. 16 s rDNA sequencing was performed for the gut bacteria composition, followed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The global cognition, specific cognitive domains (abstraction, orientation, attention, language, etc.) and severity of cognitive impairment, were evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. We further identified characteristic bacteria and SCFAs, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value.

Results

Our results showed that the microbiota dysbiosis index was significantly higher in the severe and mild AD patients compared to the healthy control (HC). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that 12 families and 17 genera were identified as key microbiota among three groups. The abundance of Butyricicoccus was positively associated with abstraction, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 was positively associated with attention, language, orientation in AD patients. Moreover, the levels of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were both significantly negatively correlated with abstraction, and level of propanoic acid was significantly positively associated with the attention. In addition, ROC models based on the characteristic bacteria Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 could effectively distinguished between low and high orientation in AD patients (area under curve is 0.891), and Butyricicoccus and Agathobacter or the combination of SCFAs could distinguish abstraction in AD patients (area under curve is 0.797 and 0.839 respectively).

Conclusion

These findings revealed the signatures gut bacteria and metabolite SCFAs of AD patients and demonstrated the correlations between theses characteristic bacteria and SCFAs and specific cognitive domains, highlighting their potential value in early detection, monitoring, and intervention strategies for AD patients.
The association between patients’ personality traits and pain perception during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Lorek Monika , Jarząbek Anna , Sycińska-Dziarnowska Magdalena , Gołąb Sylwia , Krawczyk Konrad , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Woźniak Krzysztof , Szyszka-Sommerfeld Liliana
Published: November 2024

Background

Orthodontic treatment is frequently correlated with different levels of discomfort and pain, caused by the application of forces to move the teeth. The mechanism of orthodontic pain is based on the initially activation of sensory receptors in periodontal tissues which results in a cascade of nociceptive pain processing and transduction in both the central and peripheral nervous systems that is finally experienced by patients. The perception of pain is subjective and varies among people, as it is influenced by both general and individual elements. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on the association between patients’ personality traits and pain perception during orthodontic treatment, and its influence on the success of orthodontic therapy.

Methods

The search strategy included the databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were studies examining the correlation between personality traits and pain perception in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

The search strategy yielded 301 potential articles, with 10 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Five studies were judged at a low risk of bias and another five studies were assessed as having a moderate risk of bias. Most of the studies reported relationship between personality traits and pain perception during orthodontic treatment, as well as treatment attitudes, and post-treatment satisfaction.

Conclusion

Patients’ psychological characteristics seems to affect pain perception and other factors associated with orthodontic treatment. Given that several studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, as well as high heterogeneity among studies, further research is needed.

Systematic review registration

The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42024537185).
Immunohistochemical basis for FAP as a candidate theranostic target across a broad range of cholangiocarcinoma subtypes
Authors: Jorgenson Laura C. , Torbenson Michael S. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Kankeu Fonkoua Lionel A. , Tran Nguyen H. , Roberts Lewis R. , Smoot Rory L. , Goenka Ajit H. , Thompson Scott M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression and localization in surgically resected cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and to identify any association between CCA clinical or pathologic features and FAP expression.

Materials and methods

FAP immunostaining from surgically resected CCA (N = 58), primary intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastatic HCC (N = 148), HCA (N26), and FNH (N = 19) was scored (negative, weak positive, moderate positive or strong positive) from tissue microarrays. FAP expression was compared between groups. CCA FAP expression was compared to clinical and tumor pathology features.

Results

Moderate-strong FAP expression in the tumor stroma was present in 93.1% of CCA, 60.7% of extrahepatic metastatic HCC, 29.6% of primary HCC, 21.1% of FNH, and 11.6% of HCA. Moderate-strong FAP expression in tumor stroma was significantly more prevalent in CCA than HCC (p < 0.001), metastatic HCC (p = 0.005), HCA (p < 0.001) and FNH (p < 0.001). FAP was expressed in the stroma of all but one CCA (1.7%), and FAP expression in CCA tumor stroma was not associated with any clinical or tumor pathology features (p > 0.05, all).

Conclusion

FAP is expressed in the stroma of a high proportion (93%) of primary CCA independent of patient clinical or tumor pathology features. As such, these data provide the tissue basis for systematically evaluating FAP as a theranostic target across a broad range of CCA subtypes.
Diet, nutrition, and climate: historical and contemporary connections
Authors: Demmler Kathrin M. , Tutwiler M. Ann
Published: November 2024

This paper reviews the past global nutrition efforts, particularly those led by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), at the critical intersection of nutrition and climate change. Despite progress in tackling malnutrition and promoting sustainable food systems, significant challenges remain, especially in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where micronutrient deficiencies persist. The paper underscores the urgent need to integrate nutrition into climate strategies and strengthen food system resilience. Initiatives like the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement, the Food Systems Dashboard, and GAIN’s public and private sector partnerships at the local levels have contributed to transforming food systems. However, there is an urgent need for more robust policies that effectively align nutrition, climate, and equity goals. Looking ahead, we advocate for increased financial investment, improved policy frameworks, and innovations in technology and data monitoring to drive sustainable food system transformations. We further underscore the importance of addressing micronutrient deficiencies, promoting biodiversity, and developing healthier crops to support climate-smart agriculture. Achieving resilient, equitable, and sustainable food systems over the next years will depend on collaborative efforts across sectors and stakeholders.
Abscopal effect-induced spontaneous regression of distant metastases in malignant mesenchymal tumor: a case report
Authors: Kirli Bolukbas Meltem , Ozdemir Cemile , Kocak Uzel Esengul
Published: November 2024

The abscopal effect refers to an anti-tumor response that occurs in areas where radiotherapy (RT) has not been directly administered but is triggered by the immune system. We presented a case of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with three relapses that showed a complete response after distant metastatic disease. The tumor was initially detected in the left pectoral muscle. Fifteen months after adjuvant RT and chemotherapy, a nearby recurrent lesion was surgically removed. Another 15 months later, a second recurrence appeared on the left lateral chest wall. The patient underwent a third surgery and received adjuvant radiation, but distant metastases were discovered 6 months later. Shortly after a biopsy confirmed distant metastasis, all metastatic foci went into spontaneous remission. This phenomenon is identified as the abscopal effect. The patient experienced no metastasis or local recurrences during follow-up and showed a complete response to the abscopal effect for 36 months. The abscopal effect in malignant mesenchymal tumors is extremely rare.
Ubiquitin-specific peptidases in lymphoma: a path to novel therapeutics
Authors: Samareh Salavatipour Maryam , Tavakoli Shirin , Halimi Aram , Tavoosi Shima , Baghsheikhi Amir-Hossein , Talebi-Taheri Abdolkarim , Niloufari Mehdi , Salehi Zahra , Verdi Javad , Rahgozar Soheila , Mosavi-Jarrahi Alireza , Ahmadvand Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Background

Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs), also known as deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by selectively removing ubiquitin molecules from targeted proteins. This process affects protein stability, subcellular localization, and activity, thereby influencing processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Abnormal USP activities have been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Emerging evidence in lymphoma studies highlights the significance of USPs in controlling signaling pathways related to cancer initiation and progression and presents them as potential therapeutic targets.

Aim

This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted roles of USPs in lymphoma.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published in English up to May 2023 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating the role of USPs in lymphoma cancer, involving human subjects or relevant lymphoma cell lines, exploring molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, and assessing diagnostic or prognostic value.

Results

After the selection process, 23 studies were selected for analysis. USPs were found to affect various aspects of lymphoma development and progression. Specific USPs were identified with roles in cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis modulation, drug resistance, DNA repair, and influence of key oncogenic pathways, such as B cell receptor (BCR) signaling.

Conclusion

This systematic review underscores the emerging role of USPs in lymphoma and their potential as therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of USPs, such as USP14 inhibitors, show promise in overcoming drug resistance. The dynamic interplay between USPs and lymphoma biology presents an exciting opportunity for future research and the development of more effective treatments for patients with lymphoma. Understanding the intricate functions of USPs in lymphoma offers new insights into potential therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the significance of these enzymes in the context of cancer biology.
Network meta-analysis of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Ma Xieli , Liu Zixia , Chang Tian , Yao Chuanhui , Yang Yuchen , Shang Biyue , Liu Jiameng , Xia Congmin , Gong Xun , Jiang Quan
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with Western medicine in treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS).

Methods

CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, Sinomed, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM combined with conventional western medicine (CWM) in treating SS from the time of their estalishment to May 2023. The researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data for quality evaluation. Analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4) and R-4.3.1.

Results

A total of 66 RCTs were included, with a sample size of 5,052, involving four kinds of TCM (total glucosides of paeony capsules, tripterygium glycosides tablet, Xinfeng capsule and Jinju Qingrun capsule) and three kinds of CWM(hydroxychloroquine sulfate, Iguratimod and glucocorticoid). The network meta-analysis results showed that IGU + HCQ + TGP ranked the highest in reducing ESR and IgG and improving the Schirmer test when the three drugs were combined. When the two drugs are combined, IGU + GC and TGT + TGP are good choices for reducing erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG). Although TGP + HCQ vs. HCQ had the most studies, TGP combined with HCQ did not rank high in each outcome indicator. It is recommended to use TGT and XFG in decreasing ESR and IgG for a single drug. JJQR have an advantageous role in relieving xerostomia and dry eyes.

Conclusion

TCM combined with CWM has a very significant effect on treating SS compared with CWM alone. According to the network meta-analysis, the best intervention measures of different TCMs for different outcome indicators were obtained.

Systematic Review Registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42023451845].
Unveiling the therapeutic role of Dachaihu decoction in acute cholecystitis: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy and safety
Authors: Liu Xin-xin , Ma Ying-qi , Kong Ling-yao , Su You-zhu , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian-ping
Published: November 2024

Background

Dachaihu decoction (Dachaihu tang) plays a crucial role in treating acute illnesses. Recently, a significant number of clinical studies on Dachaihu decoction for acute cholecystitis (AC) have been published. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Dachaihu decoction in patients with this condition.

Methods

To identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), eight databases and three clinical trial registries were searched from inception to 30 June 2024. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data from eligible studies using EndNote X9 and Microsoft Office Excel 2019. RoB 2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Stata 17.0 was used for data analysis. Publication bias and its impact on result stability were evaluated using a funnel plot and the “trim-and-fill” method. The quality of evidence was graded using the GRADE assessment system.

Results

Thirty-three RCTs involving 2,851 participants were included. The treatment group demonstrated improved clinical efficacy (RR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.24), significantly reduced length of hospital stay (MD = −1.78 days; 95% CI = –2.02 to −1.53), and the incidence of adverse events (RR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.48). Additionally, there appeared to be reductions in the time for abdominal pain to resolve (MD = −1.92 days; 95% CI = –2.33 to −1.51), fever to disappear (MD = −1.52 days; 95% CI = –1.90 to −1.14), white blood cell count to return to normal (MD = −2.89 days; 95% CI = –3.32 to −2.46), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (MD = −11.88 U/L; 95% CI = –15.29 to −8.47), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (MD = −8.74 U/L; 95% CI = –9.76 to −7.72), neutrophil percentage (MD = −9.68; 95% CI = –11.33 to −8.03), TNF-α levels (SMD = −2.10 pg/L; 95% CI = –2.43 to −2.78), and certainty of evidence (moderate-to-low certainty).

Conclusion

Dachaihu decoction may be an effective botanical formula for managing AC and a lower incidence of adverse events. However, due to the substantial risk of bias and heterogeneity across the included studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution and require further validation through well-designed, high-quality trials.

Systematic Review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=573332.
Microglia in morphine tolerance: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Zhang Xiangning , Jin Tingting , Wang Haixia , Han Shuai , Liang Yongxin
Published: November 2024

Morphine has a crucial role in treating both moderate to severe pain and chronic pain. However, prolonged administration of morphine can lead to tolerance of analgesia, resulting in increased doses and poor treatment of pain. Many patients, such as those with terminal cancer, require high doses of morphine for long periods. Addressing morphine tolerance can help this group of patients to escape pain, and the mechanisms behind this need to be investigated. Microglia are the key cells involved in morphine tolerance and chronic morphine administration leads to microglia activation, which in turn leads to activation of internal microglia signalling pathways and protein transcription, ultimately leading to the release of inflammatory factors. Inhibiting the activation of microglia internal signalling pathways can reduce morphine tolerance. However, the exact mechanism of how morphine acts on microglia and ultimately leads to tolerance is unknown. This article discusses the mechanisms of morphine induced microglia activation, reviews the signalling pathways within microglia and the associated therapeutic targets and possible drugs, and provides possible directions for clinical prevention or retardation of morphine induced analgesic tolerance.
Acute long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning in pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Jia Yanxi , Zhan Yongchi , Huang Guiqiong , Deng Chunyan , Yu Haiyan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Brodifacoum is a highly potent superwarfarin rodenticide that leads to coagulopathy. Although the effect of warfarin during pregnancy is well understood, reports on superwarfarin poisoning, like brodifacoum, during pregnancy are scarce.

Case Presentation

We report a case involving a woman with a singleton pregnancy who experienced sudden nasal hemorrhage accompanied by hematuria at 34 weeks and 3 days of gestation, with no apparent etiology. It was ultimately diagnosed as acquired coagulopathy resulting from brodifacoum poisoning. Fetal ultrasonography revealed significant intracranial hemorrhage, leading to intrauterine fetal demise and subsequent pregnancy termination. Following the correction of the patient’s coagulation profile through intravenous and oral administration of vitamin K1, tailored to the serum levels of brodifacoum, diligent monitoring confirmed that the patient was in stable condition.

Conclusion

The primary hazard associated with the ingestion of brodifacoum is hemorrhage, with clinical presentations varying from asymptomatic cases to overt bleeding, which may present as hematuria, epistaxis, menometrorrhagia, and intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of this type of poisoning pose significant challenges. Prompt recognition and ongoing care for pregnant individuals affected by rodenticide toxicity are crucial for optimizing maternal health outcomes.
QTL mapping of almond kernel quality traits in the F1 progeny of ‘Marcona’ × ‘Marinada’
Authors: Pérez de los Cobos Felipe , Romero Agustí , Lipan Leontina , Miarnau Xavier , Arús Pere , Eduardo Iban , Batlle Ignasi , Calle Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Almond breeding is increasingly focusing on kernel quality. However, unlike other agronomic traits, the genetic basis of physical and chemical kernel quality traits has been poorly investigated. To address this gap, we conducted a QTL mapping of these traits to enhance our understanding of their genetic control. We phenotyped fruit samples from an F1 population derived from the cross between ‘Marcona’ and ‘Marinada’ for up to four years, using conventional and image analysis methods. Additionally, the 91 individuals of the population were genotyped with the almond Axiom™ 60K SNP array, and high-density linkage maps were constructed. These analyses identified several genomic regions of breeding interest. For example, two regions on chromosome one were found to contain QTLs for kernel shape and dimension, while another region at the end of the same chromosome contained QTLs for kernel fatty acid composition. Notably, QTLs for kernel symmetry and kernel shoulder, reported for the first time in this study, were also mapped on chromosome one. These QTLs will serve as a foundation for developing molecular markers linked to kernel physical and chemical quality traits in almonds, facilitating the integration of marker-assisted selection into breeding programs.
Enduring effects of psychotherapy, antidepressants and their combination for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich , Barton Barbara B. , Favreau Matthias , Zisler Eva M. , Rief Winfried , Wilhelm Marcel , Schramm Elisabeth
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Although depressive disorders are frequently associated with relapses, the sustained efficacy of therapies after their termination has been insufficiently investigated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence of enduring effects of psychotherapy, antidepressants and their combination after the end of treatment.

Methods

PubMed and PsychINFO were systematically screened according to PRISMA guidelines (except for preregistration). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between 1980 and 2022 comparing the efficacy of psychotherapy, antidepressants and their combination in adult depression at follow-up at least 12 months after termination of therapy, which could be acute phase, maintenance or relapse prevention therapy, were included. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results

In total 19 RCTs with a total of 1154 participants were included. Psychotherapy was significantly superior to pharmacotherapy regarding relapse rates and Beck Depression Inventory scores at follow-up after acute treatment in two of nine RCTs. Combined treatment performed significantly better than pharmacotherapy, but not psychotherapy, regarding relapse and remission in five out of nine RCTs at least 12 months after treatment termination. Pairwise meta-analyses indicated a superiority of combined treatment compared to pharmacotherapy alone regarding relapse, recurrence, and rehospitalization rates (RR=0.60, 95%-CI: 0.37-0.97, p=.041) and for psychotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy alone regarding relapse and recurrence rates (RR=0.58, 95%-CI: 0.38-0.89, p=.023), however comparative treatment effects between psychotherapy and combined treatment were insignificant.

Conclusions

Current findings suggest a superiority of psychotherapy and combined treatment over pharmacotherapy alone in major depressive disorder depression. Major limitations were a low number of studies reporting follow-up data after termination of study periods and a heterogeneity in definitions of treatment outcomes. Practice guidelines and participatory decision-making processes for the choice of treatment should consider the current knowledge on long-term effects of antidepressant therapy methods more than has been the case to date.
A virtual reality-based self-guided training on identification of negative automatic thoughts in healthy adults: a mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Yang Bixi , Liao Chenxi , Yang Yuqing , Shi Binbin , Zhang Caidi , Li Chunbo
Published: November 2024

Background

Cognitive restructuring (CR) is an evidence-based psychological technique for depression. However, face-to-face CR is not easily accessible. Digital CR interventions often overlook the difficulties individuals experiencing depression encounter in identifying their negative automatic thoughts (NAT), leading to suboptimal outcomes. Virtual Reality (VR) has potential advantages in assisting the identification of NAT in CR intervention.

Objective

The aim of this preliminary feasibility study is to assess the efficacy, acceptability and safety of a VR-based self-guided training on the identification of negative automatic thoughts (VR-STINAT) for depression, as well as to evaluate the user experience.

Methods

In a mixed methods study, 20 healthy participants underwent VR-STINAT and completed a semi-structured interview, followed by post-training homework. The VR-STINAT includes three modules: psychological education, NAT identification training in VR scenarios, and practice in personally experienced scenarios. Effectiveness was measured via Thought Record Skills Assessment (TRSA) of homework and Cognitive Therapy Awareness Scale (CTAS). Acceptability was measured using an adapted Technology Acceptance Model and duration of training. Safety was measured via Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and self-reported negative emotions. Qualitative material was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

The VR-STINAT was acceptable, with an average rating of 80.68%. The accuracy of NAT identification in TRSA reached 84.55%, and CTAS correctness reached 76.67%. The majority of participants experienced minimal or no side effects, although a few (10%, 2/20) reported relatively severe fatigue and craniofacial pain. Thematic analysis reviewed four themes: effectiveness, acceptability, advantages of VR, difficulties in use and suggestions for improvement. Most participants indicated that they’ve learned how to identify their NAT through VR-STINAT (85%, 17/20), which was engaging (90%, 18/20) and easy to use (60%, 12/20).

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence that self-guided training for the identification of negative automatic thoughts related to depression using VR is feasible. Future studies are needed to compare the efficacy of VR with other intervention modalities in people with depression.
Correlation of bisphenol A and bisphenol S exposure with the metabolic parameters on FDG PET/CT image
Authors: Xiao Liu , Wen Xue , Li Lin , Li Yuhao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs have been proved to be harmful to human health. This study aimed to assess the correlation of BPA and its major analog, Bisphenol S (BPS), with metabolic parameters within main organs using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who had undergone FDG PET/CT imaging and were also examined for BPA and BPS levels. Urine samples were collected for detection of BPA and BPS. Standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) of main organ tissues including liver, blood, spleen, muscle, thyroid, and cerebral cortex were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results

Forty patients (20 female, 20 male; mean age: 56.1 ± 15.4 years) were included. Mean urine BPA and BPS concentrations were 2.1 ± 1.2 ng/mL and 1 ± 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. Urine BPA exhibited a moderate positive correlation with liver SUVmax (r = 0.351, p = 0.026) and SUVmean (r = 0.361, p = 0.022) in male. No significant correlations were found between BPA and blood, muscle, spleen, thyroid, and cerebral cortex (p > 0.05). Conversely, urine BPS demonstrated a negative correlation with thyroid SUVmax in male (r = −0.43, p = 0.012) and SUVmean (r = −0.432, p = 0.012), while a positive correlation was observed between BPS and cerebral cortex SUVmax in female (r = 0.366, p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Urinary levels of BPA and BPS exerted distinct influences on tissue metabolic parameters observed via FDG PET/CT imaging, particularly affecting the liver, thyroid, and cerebral cortex.