bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Visualization System for Wastewater Treatment in Dianchi Lake Based on WebGIS
Authors: Seng Bingfeng , Liang Hong , Zhao Yi , Tang Yuming
Published: October 2019

Based on the current state’s emphasis on environmental governance, combined with a series of pollution problems faced by Dianchi Lake, traditional environmental governance methods do not have real-time effective information analysis and processing capabilities. Therefore, the construction of an information visualization system that meets Dianchi wastewater treatment is currently the general trend of environmental construction.In this paper, the (B/S) model system architecture is used to establish a WebGIS-based Dianchi basin wastewater treatment visualization system, which greatly improves the system’s interaction and development costs.The system database adopts the spatial database model of GeoDatabase, which well solves the correlation between spatial data and attribute data, and can display and analyze corresponding data according to the data format and attributes.It provides an accurate and efficient visualization platform system for Dianchi pollution treatment. The commissioning of this system has greatly improved the governance efficiency of the relevant management departments of Dianchi Lake, and provided reliable data support for the dynamic adjustment of the department’s governance strategy.
Development and Protection of Geological Resources in Datong Volcanic Cluster National Geopark
Authors: Dong Yujie , Zhang Lilei
Published: October 2019

Volcanic resources are a kind of special tourism resources, with its unique geomorphologic features and geological structure, attracting a large number of tourists for sightseeing and visiting. Based on the development status of Datong Volcanic Cluster National Geopark, this paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges of the development of Datong Volcanic Cluster National Geopark, and puts forward some suggestions on the development and protection of volcanic Cluster geological resources.
Effects of Swirling Strength of the Premixed Gas Flow on Pollutant Emission in a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine
Authors: Gao Huanhuan , Fu Zaiguo , Zeng Zhuoxiong , Liu Jiang , Weng Peifen
Published: October 2019

The combustion process and pollutant emission of an annular combustion chamber for a heavy-duty gas turbine were investigated by numerical method. The realizable k-ε model and finite rate/eddy dissipation model were adopted for calculations of turbulence and combustion. The effects of different swirling numbers of the double-swirler inlet on the temperature distribution and the thermal NOx formation in the combustion chamber were analyzed. The results show that the change of the swirling number of the outer swirling flow has a greater influence on the generation of the thermal NOx when compared with that of the inner swirling flow. The maximum average temperature of the central cross section of the combustor does not exceed 1760K. The average mass fraction of the generated thermal NOx at the exit decreases with the increasing outer swirling number. When the outer swirling number is less than 0.8, the generation of the thermal NOx is severe at the side wall of the combustion chamber.
Cyclopentane hydrate-based processes for treating heavy metal containing wastewater
Authors: Yang Yamei , Zhou Hang , Li Feng , Shi Changrui , Wang Shuai , Ling Zheng
Published: October 2019

The scarcity of water and increasing water pollution are the pressing challenge human being facing. Recovering water and valuable heavy metals is highly desired for treating heavy metal containing wastewater. We proposed a novel hydrate-based process to treat Ni2+ containing wastewater. The water recovery, Ni2+ enrichment factor, desalination efficiency were studied using this cyclopentane hydrate-based method. A water recovery of 43% can be obtained with a desalination efficiency of round 88% and an enrichment factor of 1.6. The desalination efficiency and the quality of the as-made water via the hydrate-based process can be further improved to above 99% via three-stage hydrate reaction. The proposed hydrate-based water treatment process may find wide applications in waste water treatment and heavy metal recycling.
DFT Study on Adsorption of Arsenic by Oxides in Fly Ash
Authors: Yang Ling , Wu Jiang , Zou Jianshu , Zhou Min
Published: October 2019

Based on density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption properties of arsenic (As) via the five most abundant oxides in fly ash were investigated. It has been proved that the iron oxide (Fe2O3) in fly ash is the effective active component during the adsorption process. This paper verifies the feasibility of using fly ash as the adsorbent to control As pollution in power plants, and also provides some reference for the subsequent experimental research.
Research on Gasification of Solid Wastes in Civil Airports
Authors: Li Bo , Huang Mingxing , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2019

After the airport is put into operation, a large amount of wastes generated every day will bring waste disposal pressure and ecological environment pressure to the airport and surrounding areas. This article expounds the current methods of airport waste disposal. According to the principle of waste reduction, harmless and reclamation, a set of solid waste gasification methods suitable for airports are proposed, which can reduce waste transportation and landfill costs, effectively control the impact of environmental pollution. At the same time, it can use waste heat to generate electricity to turn wastes into treasure and promote green airport construction.
A new solution for destruction of PCDD/Fs by a catalytic filter system at waste incinerators
Authors: Xu Zhengtian , Sun Hong , Li Xueqing , Motoda Eiji
Published: October 2019

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are emitted from high temperature combustion processes such as municipal waste incinerators, hazardous waste incinerators, medical waste incinerators, and secondary metal processing plants. Due to their extreme toxicity, stringent regulations on PCDD/Fs emissions have been in effect around the world since the early 1990s. W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. developed a catalytic filter system in 1997 that can effectively remove and destroy PCDD/Fs in the industrial flue gases. The REMEDIATM Catalytic Filter System has been installed in various industrial facilities around the world. The dioxin emission measurements in these plants achieve more than 98% PCDD/Fs removal efficiencies and reach the European standard. In this paper, three case studies will be presented on the performance of the REMEDIA Catalytic Filter System at municipal, medical, and hazardous waste incinerators. Three cases in the paper demonstrate the efficiency and results.
Kompensation ist das A und O – Ältere Klienten mit Sehbeeinträchtigung
Authors: Balzan Stefania , Ledergerber Nina , Heussler Fatima
Published: October 2019

Vor allem Senioren haben häufig ein eingeschränktes Sehvermögen. Für Ergotherapeuten ist es wichtig, die besonderen Anforderungen an den Alltag von Menschen mit Sehbehinderung zu beachten, um ihnen möglichst viel Selbstständigkeit zu ermöglichen.
Der Betätigung treu bleiben – Sinnvoller Assessmenteinsatz
Authors: Senn Daniela , Schulze Christina
Published: October 2019

Betätigungsfokussierte Instrumente auszuwählen und gleichzeitig den verordnenden Ärzten oder der Einrichtungspolitik gerecht zu werden, kann zum Dilemma führen. In diesen Fällen leitet das Klinische Reasoning zusammen mit einem Top-down-Vorgehen durch die Auswahl: Welche Instrumente liefern spezifische Informationen, die es für eine betätigungsorientierte und gezielte Therapieplanung braucht?
Ein bisschen SI schadet nie – Gastkolumne
Authors: Kaldewei Nicole
Published: October 2019

Nicole Kaldewei ist nicht nur Vollblut-Ergotherapeutin, sondern auch stolze Pferdebesitzerin. Kein Wunder, dass sie den Hype um das neue Angebot „Ergotherapie für das Pferd“ kritisch beäugt. Schließlich will sie für ihren Wallach nur das Beste.
Novel Approaches to Hasten Detection of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Guillamet M. Cristina Vazquez , Burnham Jason P. , Kollef Marin H.
Published: October 2019

Antibiotic resistance is recognized as a key determinant of outcome in patients with serious infections influencing empiric antibiotic practices especially for critically ill patients. Within the intensive care unit (ICU), nosocomial infections and increasingly community-onset infections are caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Escalating rates of antibiotic resistance adds substantially to the morbidity, mortality, and cost related to infections treated in the ICU. Both gram-positive organisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms, are urgent threats. The rising rates of antimicrobial resistance have resulted in routine empiric administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics by clinicians to critically ill patients even when bacterial infection is microbiologically absent. Moreover, new broad-spectrum antibiotics are a challenge to use effectively while avoiding emergence of further resistance. Use of rapid diagnostic technologies (RDTs) will likely provide an important methodology for achieving this important balance. There is an urgent need for integrating the administration of new and existing antibiotics with RDTs in a way that is safe, cost-effective, applicable in all countries, and sustainable.
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of β-Lactams and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: From Theory to Practical Issues in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Williams Paul , Cotta Menino Osbert , Roberts Jason A.
Published: October 2019

Despite therapeutic advances over recent decades, the mortality rate for sepsis and septic shock is still approximately 25% worldwide. Early administration of appropriate intravenous antibiotics in the right dose is one of the cornerstones of treatment of sepsis. β-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed in critically ill patients, and dosages that do not achieve specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets may increase the likelihood of treatment failure and even emergence of antibiotic resistance. Fluctuations in physiological parameters are often observed in critically ill patients, leading to altered pharmacokinetics and increased risk of suboptimal exposures, especially if standard dosing according to the product information is prescribed. Contemporary evidence illustrates that therapeutic β-lactam concentrations are inconsistently achieved at steady state. This review will investigate alternative β-lactam dose optimization strategies including prolonged infusions, guideline-based dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and the use of dose optimization software, all of which aim to increase the likelihood of achieving therapeutic drug concentrations and improve clinical outcomes as compared with the standard dosing approach. These dose optimization strategies have been the subject of a growing body of evidence; however, further investigation into the outcome benefits and validity of both non-TDM and TDM dosing strategies is required. For the clinician, it is important to select a feasible dosing strategy tailored for the individual patient, which will maximize the likelihood of achieving therapeutic concentrations at steady state and maintain these exposures throughout the course of therapy.
Management and Prevention of Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections in the ICU
Authors: Buetti Niccolò , Timsit Jean-François
Published: October 2019

Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) are a frequent event in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In contrast to other nosocomial infections, most risk factors for CR-BSI are linked to the device and can be prevented efficiently. Rates of CR-BSI higher than 1 per 1,000 catheter days are no longer acceptable. A continuous quality improvement program is effective to reduce them. Key elements of prevention of CR-BSI are hand hygiene, avoidance of insertion of unnecessary catheters, full sterile barrier precautions at insertion, preferential use of subclavian venous insertion site, cutaneous antisepsis with 2% chlorhexidine alcoholic preparation, use of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings, immediate replacement of moistened or detached catheter dressings, and removal of catheters as soon as possible. Audit and feedback of the process of care, infection rates, and periodic re-education of health care providers are other instrumental tools in the prevention of CR-BSI. Catheter removal is the main therapeutic intervention, especially recommended in the case of sepsis or shock. While awaiting culture results, an empiric antimicrobial treatment of CR-BSI should target gram-positive microorganism (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative coverage should be based on clinical variables, patients' risk factors, and previous colonization status. While a short course of antimicrobials (7 days) is sufficient for noncomplicated CR-BSI, a longer course of 14 days should be preferred for uncomplicated S. aureus and Candida CR-BSI. In case of persisting fever or positive blood culture after 3 days despite adequate antimicrobial therapy and catheter removal, catheter-related complications (e.g., endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, septic metastasis) should be ruled out.
Early Antimicrobial Therapy for Sepsis: Does Each Hour Really Count?
Authors: Guery Benoit , Calandra Thierry
Published: October 2019

For the last decades, the timing of antimicrobial therapy has remained a hotly debated topic in sepsis as well as other infectious diseases like community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or bacterial meningitis (CABM). In CAP, a relationship between the time to antibiotic administration and mortality was found only in the largest cohort, but all these studies were retrospective and of low quality. In CABM, the level of evidence remains also limited, but there is now a good body of evidence linking the delay to antibiotic administration to unfavorable outcome. The European guidelines strongly suggest that time period should not exceed 1 hour. Finally, in sepsis, if the 1-hour cut-off remains debatable for sepsis patients, early administration (within 3 hours) is recommended in sepsis and sepsis shock as suggested by the surviving sepsis campaign recommendations. To conclude, all these data are in favor of a potential link between the time to antibiotic administration and survival, but we still miss randomized controlled studies to give a definite answer.
Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert
Authors: Ahmad Nadia , Jethani S. L. , Singh Deepa , Nautiyal Ruchira
Published: October 2019

Background Transcerebellar diameter is one of the reliable, constant predicting parameters to assess the gestational age and fetal growth. Other than this, measurements of vermis, mostly the vermal length (height), have also been mentioned by authors to assess gestational age. Establishing a correlation between parameters and advancing gestation would be helpful in estimating the gestational age of fetus.

Aims and Objectives To establish a correlation of vermal length and transcerebellar diameter with gestational age.

Materials and Methods An observational and descriptive study conducted on 60 formalin-fixed human cerebellums. Fetuses with gross congenital/neurological abnormality were excluded. Fetuses were grouped into four groups—group 1 (13–17 weeks), group 2 (18–22 weeks), group 3 (23–27 weeks), and group 4 (28–32 weeks of gestation). Vermal length and transcerebellar diameter were measured with help of Vernier calipers. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0 and one-way analysis of variance.

Observation A linear increase in vermal length parameters and transcerebellar diameter were seen with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis was done and regression equation was derived for each parameter.

Conclusion Such correlations would help in fetal age determination in the field of forensic studies.
Positive ground state solutions for an elliptic system with Hardy-Sobolev critical exponent growth
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Zou Wenming
Published: October 2019

This paper considers a nonlinear elliptic system with Hardy-Sobolev critical exponent growth. Several existence results on the positive ground state solutions to the system are established under proper conditions.
A testing system for studying the effect of strain on thermal conductivity of thin films based on 3-ω technique
Authors: Li Zhibin , Wang Hairong , Zhao Huiying , Gu Hanqing , Chen Kedong , Wang Jiuhong
Published: October 2019

A setup was designed based on the 3-ω method to study the effect of strain on the thermal conductivity of thin films deposited on a substrate. Mathematical parameters such as the applied strain on the films, dimensions of the setup, and the loading displacement were derived. Based on the setup, the test system was built and the influence of air on the results of the 3-ω method in a nonvacuum environment was analyzed. To verify the test system, we deposited a SiO2 thin film of 487 nm on a substrate and measured its thermal conductivity at 289.7 K under different strains. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity decreases from 1.07 W/(m K) at zero strain to 0.92 W/(m K) at about 0.14% tensile strain.
The effects of the misalignment of Mirnov coils in mode analysis based on the phase detection method
Authors: Seo Seong-Heon , Bak J. G.
Published: October 2019

Mirnov coils (MCs) are used to identify the toroidal and poloidal mode number of tearing mode instabilities in the KSTAR tokamak. The mode number is analyzed by accumulating the phase of MC signals from a Morlet wavelet transform. There is ambiguity in identification of the poloidal mode number due to the phase distortion in the MC measurements. The extreme case is so-called phase folding. Although the phase distortion caused by the eddy currents in the in-vessel components and by the coupling of multimodes has been studied intensively, little attention is given to the effect of the orientation of MCs. The poloidal MCs are not aligned to the plasma shape but to the vacuum vessel. The effect of this misalignment is quantitatively analyzed by simulating the MC measurements of magnetic field fluctuations in a tokamak with mathematical modeling of perturbed current filaments on rational surfaces. The maximum MC response to a perturbed current filament occurs when the current filament is located at an angle different from the geometric installation angle of the MC. This angle is defined as the effective angle. The characteristics of the effective angle are investigated depending on the plasma shape, mode number, and distribution of the perturbed currents. The ambiguity in the identification of the poloidal mode number is reduced when the MC measurements are analyzed in the effective angular coordinate instead of the geometric coordinate. The only requirement for the calculation of the effective angles is an equilibrium reconstruction to identify the rational q surfaces.
Research on vibration sensor based on giant magnetoresistance effect
Authors: Gao Huan , Lin Jun , Zhao Zhiyuan , Zeng Ran , Wang Xiufeng , Xin Yi , Wang Derong , Zhou Xianfeng
Published: October 2019

The subject of the studies presented in this paper is the principle and test of a novel giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect sensor. We designed and developed a new type of vibration sensor using the GMR sensor chip SS501A based on the GMR effect; the sensor has the advantages of small volume, low cost, low power consumption, simple manufacturing process, and so on. The designed GMR sensor is calibrated by a vibration table; the effective bandwidth of the sensor is 6 Hz–284.2 Hz. Experiments indicate that the sensor has a wide bandwidth, and the output is stable. Under the same experimental conditions, the output is higher than that of the moving coil geophone.
Structural and optical properties of a mechanically alloyed thermoelectric lamellar SnSeS solid solution
Authors: Melquíades M. O. , de Oliveira L. S. , Rebelo Q. H. F. , Chaudhuri P. , Leite E. R. , Trichês D. M. , Michielon de Souza S.
Published: October 2019

A chalcogenide SnS2 – xSex alloy with x = 1, synthesized by high-energy mechanical alloying, was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorbance. The obtained alloy powder was a lamellar solid solution with nanometric crystalline domain sizes and several types of defects such as stacked faults, discordances, crystal fractures, and local atomic disorders. All of these microstructural features lead to the manifestation of different optical and vibrational properties of this extensively deformed nanostructured sample. Raman spectroscopic measurements suggested a two-mode vibration indicating how the S and Se atoms were distributed in the crystalline lattice. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum showed multiple bandgaps at 1.99, 2.60, 3.09, 3.66, and 4.56 eV that may well be described as direct allowed interband electronic transitions suggesting inhomogeneous strain and domains.
Formation of hBN monolayers through nitridation of epitaxial silicene on diboride thin films
Authors: Aoyagi K. , Wiggers F. B. , Friedlein R. , Gimbert F. , Fleurence A. , Ozaki T. , Yamada-Takamura Y.
Published: October 2019

The formation process of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) monolayer sheets on single-crystalline ZrB2(0001) thin films grown on Si(111) wafers has been investigated by electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy. A two-step reaction was identified, resulting first in the formation of a silicon nitride layer by room temperature exposure of the silicene-terminated ZrB2 thin film surface to nitrogen radicals and then in the formation of an hBN monolayer replacing the silicon nitride layer through annealing at 900 °C. A large-scale moiré pattern and a clear dispersion of the π-electronic band provide evidence for the formation of an epitaxial hBN monolayer sheet directly on the diboride surface. The unique ability of the ZrB2(0001) surface, upon which both silicene and hBN monolayers can be formed, opens a way toward the integration of these two very different two-dimensional materials.
An edge fast-ion D-alpha system installed at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren A. , Geiger B. , Jacobsen A. S. , Cavedon M. , Dux R. , Köhnlein H. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: October 2019

An edge fast-ion D-alpha (FIDA) system consisting of lines of sight optimized for edge measurements and a newly designed prototype spectrometer have been installed at ASDEX Upgrade. The system allows for measurements of the full deuterium Balmer alpha spectrum with either good radial coverage or exposure times below 200 μs. It uses a bar, placed in front of the electron multiplying charge-coupled device camera, to partially block the intense unshifted D-alpha light which permits simultaneous measurements of the FIDA and unshifted D-alpha emission. Thus, not only active FIDA radiation present during neutral beam injection (NBI) can be studied but also detailed investigations of passive FIDA light are possible, since the unshifted D-alpha emission contains information on the density of background neutrals. First measurements show significant levels of active and passive FIDA radiation in discharges with large edge fast-ion populations from off-axis NBI heating. In addition, a particularly strong response of the passive emission to edge localized modes is observed, well explained by modifications of the edge-neutral density as well as the fast-ion density.
Bifurcation and instability of annular Poiseuille flow in the presence of stable thermal stratification: Dependence on curvature parameter
Authors: Khan Arshan , Bera P. , Khandelwal Manish K.
Published: October 2019

The bifurcation and instability of nonisothermal annular Poiseuille flow (NAPF) of air as well as water is studied. We have emphasized the impact of a gap between cylinders in terms of curvature parameter (C) for axisymmetric as well as nonaxisymmetric disturbances. The results from the linear stability analysis reveal that the first azimuthal mode acts as a least stable mode of the NAPF of air for relatively small values of C. In this situation, even though for some values of C, the NAPF has supercritical bifurcation, but the same flow may experience subcritical bifurcation under zero azimuthal mode. It has also been observed that for relatively larger values of the Reynolds number (Re) and lower values of C, the NAPF under axisymmetric disturbance always exhibits subcritical bifurcation. However, for small values of Re, the NAPF exhibits only supercritical bifurcation. The finite amplitude analysis predicts only supercritical bifurcation of NAPF of water. The influence of nonlinear interaction of different harmonics on the amplitude profile as well as kinetic energy spectrum is investigated. The amplitude profile possesses a jump in the vicinity of a point where the type of bifurcation is changed. In the subcritical regime, the induced shear production due to modification of the gradient production acts as a main destabilizing factor balanced by the gradient production of kinetic energy.
Evaluation of a long-established silvopastoral Brachiaria decumbens system: plant characteristics and feeding value for cattle
Authors: Lima Marina A. , Paciullo Domingos S. C. , Silva Fabyano F. , Morenz Mirton J. F. , Gomide Carlos A. M. , Rodrigues Renato A. R. , Bretas Igor L. , Chizzotti Fernanda H. M.
Published: October 2019

One of the main challenges of using a silvopastoral system (SPS) is maintaining pasture and animal productivity over time. Our objective was to compare the productive characteristics and nutritive value of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) and the liveweight gain of dairy heifers in a SPS and open pasture (OP, signal grass under full sunlight) during the rainy seasons of four experiments between 2003 and 2016, which characterised systems from their 6th to 19th years after establishment in south-eastern Brazil when analysed together. The experimental design was a randomised complete block in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (two production systems (SPS and OP) and four experiments (2003–2004, 2004–2007, 2011–2014 and 2014–2016)). From the 7th year onwards, the progressive reduction of photosynthetically active radiation negatively impacted the productive characteristics of the SPS pasture. Total forage mass was reduced by 19% in SPS compared with the OP in 2004–2007, 38% in 2011–2014 and 31% in 2014–2016. Crude protein content was 23% and 30% higher in the SPS than in the OP in 2011–2014 and 2014–2016, respectively. However, during the study period (until the 19th year), the liveweight gain of heifers was similar between systems since the higher crude protein content available in SPS contributed to improved forage nutritional value. From the 17th to the 19th year, weight gain per area was lower in the SPS compared with the OP (169 vs 199 kg ha–1), although the difference between systems was small. Signal grass presents a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in response to changes in shade levels, which gives this species a high potential for use in SPS.
Proteomics analyses revealed the reduction of carbon- and nitrogen-metabolism and ginsenoside biosynthesis in the red-skin disorder of Panax ginseng
Authors: Ma Rui , Jiang Rui , Chen Xuenan , Zhao Daqing , Li Tong , Sun Liwei
Published: October 2019

Red-skin disorder (RSD), a non-infectious disorder in Panax ginseng, impairs the quality and yield of ginseng and impedes continuous cropping. Since the mechanism of this disorder is unknown, there are no effective prevention measures for RSD. The proteomic changes in RSD ginseng were analysed in this study by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The differential expression of 137 proteins (60 from 2-DE and 77 from iTRAQ) was identified in RSD ginseng as compared with healthy ginseng. Most changes are related to carbon- and nitrogen- metabolism, redox homeostasis, and stress resistance. We also found that the concentration of metal elements, such as iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn), was significantly increased in RSD ginseng. These increased metals would be chelated with phenols to form red spots on the ginseng epidermis. Moreover, RSD disturbed the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and affected the biosynthesis of nutrients (sugar, proteins, amino acids) and active components (ginsenosides), which reduced the survival rate and medicinal value of ginseng. These differences between RSD and healthy ginseng will contribute to the understanding of RSD mechanism.
Particle aggregation, pH changes and metal behaviour during estuarine mixing: review and integration
Authors: Mosley Luke M. , Liss Peter S.
Published: October 2019

Estuaries are dynamic mixing zones where river water interacts with seawater, resulting in large and complex geochemical changes. How two key factors, particle aggregation and pH, affect metal behaviour in estuaries is reviewed and integrated in this paper. Riverine particles are coated with organic matter and electrostatic repulsive forces restrict aggregation. In estuaries, increased concentrations of divalent cations reduce the repulsive forces between particles at low salinities, resulting in their rapid coagulation and removal of particulate-associated metals (e.g. Fe and Pb). However, truly dissolved metals may mix conservatively, and metals associated more with colloidal and dissolved organic material (e.g. Cu and Zn) can show variable behaviour. In many field studies and modelling of river inputs with different compositions, pH decreases slightly at low salinity. Geochemical model simulations of dissolved metal speciation indicated that Zn would be desorbed from iron oxide binding surfaces due to these pH and cation concentration changes, with Cu also showing less binding to dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM, pH and particle surfaces can influence individual metal behaviour at various spatial and temporal scales. Further integrated field and laboratory research in estuaries where key geochemical processes affecting metal concentrations are measured and modelled is needed.
Targeting epigenetic nuclear reprogramming in aggregated cloned equine embryos
Authors: Damasceno Teixeira Thiago V. , Fry Richard C. , McKinnon Angus , Fry Kerri L. , Kelly Jennifer M. , Verma Paul J. , Burden Chelsie , Salamone Daniel F. , Gambini Andrés
Published: October 2019

Epigenetic perturbations during the reprogramming process have been described as the primary cause of the low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this study, we tested three strategies targeting nuclear reprogramming to investigate effects on equine SCNT. First, we evaluated the effect of treating somatic cells with chetomin, a fungal secondary metabolite reported to inhibit the trimethylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9 me3). Second, caffeine was added to the culture medium during the enucleation of oocytes and before activation of reconstructed embryos as a protein phosphatase inhibitor to improve nuclear reprogramming. Third, we tested the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) added during both activation and early embryo culture. Although none of these treatments significantly improved the developmental rates of the invitro aggregated cloned equine embryos, the first equine cloned foal born in Australia was produced with somatic cells treated with chetomin. The present study describes the use of chetomin, caffeine and TSA for the first time in horses, serving as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols to target epigenetic reprogramming for improving the efficiency of equine cloning. Cloning is an expensive and inefficient process, but has gained particular interest in the equine industry. In this study we explored different strategies to improve cloning efficiency and produced the first cloned foal born in Australia. Our data serve as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols for improving equine cloning efficiency.
Caspase-7 uses RNA to enhance proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and other RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Desroches Alexandre , Denault Jean-Bernard
Published: October 2019

Significance

During apoptosis, hundreds of intracellular proteins are cleaved by caspases. In addition to recognizing optimized motifs in the primary structure of its substrates, we show that caspase-7 possesses an exosite to enhance poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) recognition via the mutual binding of RNA. We also demonstrate that caspase-7 binds RNA and that PARP-1, via 2 RNA-binding domains, likely binds the same RNA molecule, bringing itself near caspase-7 for prompt inactivation. This mechanism is conserved in the mouse ortholog. We have also validated the use of RNA for the efficient cleavage of 6 other RNA-BPs, demonstrating that this distinctive mode of proteolysis enhancement by caspase-7 is an essential feature of substrate recognition during apoptosis.
Nutritional value of bananas (
Musaceae
) wastes for ruminants.
Authors: Rusdy M.
Published: October 2019

The low availability and quality of forage during the dry season are the main problems faced by livestock keepers in the tropics and subtropics. One way to alleviate the problems is through the utilization of banana wastes (pseudo-stem, leaf and fruit peel) as feed for ruminants. To generate information useful for increasing the utilization of banana wastes for ruminant animals, research on dry matter (DM) potential and nutritional composition of banana wastes was identified in the literature. DM yield, crude protein, fibre, digestibility and degradability and mineral contents were elaborated and their relationship with DM intake, animal requirements and animal production are reviewed. Supplementation of banana wastes for optimum animal production is also described and discussed.
Effect of prohydrojasmon on total phenolic content, anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant activity in komatsuna and lettuce
Authors: Azis Haidar Rafid , Etteieb Selma , Takahashi Shinya , Koshiyama Masami , Fujisawa Hiroshi , Isoda Hiroko
Published: October 2019

Prohydrojasmon has been reported to improve the quality of crops. However, most previous studies have investigated its application on fruits. Here, we evaluated the effect of prohydrojasmon on the growth and total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity in komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. periviridis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Prohydrojasmon did not show any serious inhibitory effect. Prohydrojasmon applied to komatsuna at a concentration of 0.5 µM significantly increased the total phenolic content and anthocyanin content, and a concentration of 1 µM increased the antioxidant activity. In lettuce, prohydrojasmon at a concentration of 400 µM significantly increased the total phenolic content and anthocyanin content, while a concentration of 0.5 µM significantly increased the antioxidant activity. These results suggest that prohydrojasmon positively affects the phenolic compound and anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant activity in komatsuna and lettuce without adversely affecting growth.
GRM4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells through interaction with CBX4
Authors: Zhang Zengliang , Li Nan , Wei Xing , Chen Bingyao , Zhang Yinglong , Zhao Yantao , Hu Xiantong , Hou Shuxun
Published: October 2019

In recent years, the survey of metabolic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4) in tumor biology has been gradually concerned. There are currently few studies on GRM4 in osteosarcoma, and the biological function is not clear. Analysis of TCGA database showed that there was no substantial deviation in the expression of GRM4 between osteosarcoma and normal tissues. In the subsequent experiments, there is no significant difference in either mRNA or protein levels among immortalized human osteoblasts and various osteosarcoma cells. With the overexpression of GRM4, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited obviously. It was further revealed that GRM4 can interact with CBX4 to restrict the nuclear localization of CBX4 and affect the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. This is the evidence supporting the interaction between GRM4 and CBX4, which could inhibit the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma cells through the GRM4/CBX4/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
Association Between Self-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Threat/Control-Override
Authors: Oliveira Raquel V. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: October 2019

Prior research has focused on the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), psychosis, and threat/control-override (TCO) on violent behavior. There is, however, a lack of research exploring the potential connection between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and TCO. This study is designed to partially address this gap in the literature. To do so, a sample of delinquent youths followed to early adulthood is examined to estimate if self-reported TBI is associated with the development of TCO symptomatology. The results indicate that, although there is an association between TBI and psychoticism, TBI was not significantly associated with TCO, net of other variables in both longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses. The results suggest, however, that paranoid ideation and psychoticism consistently predict TCO. Finally, the findings indicate that TCO does not consistently mediate the relationship between TBI and violent crime.
Target materials for efficient plasma-based extreme ultraviolet sources in the range of 6 to 8 nm
Authors: von Wezyk Alexander , Andrianov Konstantin , Wilhein Thomas , Bergmann Klaus
Published: October 2019

In a comparative study the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission of laser-produced plasmas (LPP) of gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and a magnesium–copper–gadolinium alloy (Mg65–Cu25–Gd10) targets is investigated in order to benchmark the emission potential at a wavelength of around 6.7 nm. Compared to the Gd/Tb targets, the advantage of the alloy is a reduced melting point of T
m  <  500 °C which leads to the option of a liquid or droplet target system as is usually used for a regenerative target concept. Theoretical considerations are presented to compare the emission potential of the four targets in direct comparison. Experimental results of the LPP are discussed with respect to the 6.x nm inband energy, which are consistent with the theoretical considerations. It is shown that the line radiators Al and Mg seem to be suitable emitters with comparable brightness to Gd- or Tb-based sources. The measured conversion efficiency of the Mg65Cu25Gd10 target reaches 80% of that of the pure Gd LPP although the Gd fraction is only 2% (atom percent).
Quantum tomography of light states by photon-number-resolving detectors
Authors: Olivares Stefano , Allevi Alessia , Caiazzo Giovanni , Paris Matteo G A , Bondani Maria
Published: October 2019

We address state reconstruction by photon-number-resolving detectors, and demonstrate that they may be effectively exploited to perform quantum tomography of states of light. In particular, we find that the pattern function technique, originally developed for optical homodyne tomography, may be also applied to discrete data. Our results open new perspectives for quantum-state reconstruction in the mesoscopic regime, and pave the way to the use of photon-number-resolving-based detection schemes in Quantum Information science.
Collective modes of a photon Bose–Einstein condensate with thermo-optic interaction
Authors: Stein Enrico , Vewinger Frank , Pelster Axel
Published: October 2019

Although for photon Bose–Einstein condensates the main mechanism of the observed photon–photon interaction has already been identified to be of a thermo-optic nature, its influence on the condensate dynamics is still unknown. Here a mean-field description of this effect is derived, which consists of an open-dissipative Schrödinger equation for the condensate wave function coupled to a diffusion equation for the temperature of the dye solution. With this system at hand, the lowest-lying collective modes of a harmonically trapped photon Bose–Einstein condensate are calculated analytically via a linear stability analysis. As a result, the collective frequencies and, thus, the strength of the effective photon–photon interaction turn out to strongly depend on the thermal diffusion in the cavity mirrors. In particular, a breakdown of the Kohn theorem is predicted, i.e. the frequency of the centre-of-mass oscillation is reduced due to the thermo-optic photon–photon interaction.
The Different of Processing Method Against Polyphenol and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa Herbal Tea
Authors: Asben A , Rini B , Aini L
Published: October 2019

Moringa leaves are known contain many types of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, flavanoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Moringa leaves have the potential to be processed into herbal tea. This study investigated the different of tea processing methods against polyphenol, antioxidant activity and panelist level on moringa leaf herbal tea, and also to get the appropiate processing method of moringa herbal tea. The study was conducted based on 4 types of tea processing methods including black tea, green tea,oolong tea and fragrant tea with 3 replications. The data were reportedas average. This study showed that the tea processing method gives a different to the chemical components and teacharacteristics produced. The results of the processed moringa leaf tea with different tea processing methods showed that the appropriate of processing method was fragrant tea method with the value of moisture content 6.36%, total polyphenol 2.43%, antioxidant activity 71.58%,and the sensory test of color, aroma and taste were 4.13 (like), 4.13 (like) and 3.2 (regular), respectively.
Study Relationship of Rice Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) Value with Rice Prediction Yield Production on Rice Cultivation in West Sumatera
Authors: Hidayah F , Santosa  , Putri R E
Published: October 2019

Yield mapping is conducted to inform farmers about the variability of production that is used as an illustration of the yield of rice plants in a particular rice field area, so that it can be a reference for farmers in increasing their agricultural yields for the next planting season and determining the point area of land that produces the highest production. Through a yield mapping, the production results in an area of land can be predicted by looking at the correlation value and mapping between the values of Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) of rice plants at different ages and yields at each point of observation area. Measurement of CCI values was carried out on rice plants at the age (25, 40, 60, and 70 DAP). Measurement of CCI values was carried out at 20 observation points in the Banda Langik rice field area located on the Sungai Bangek, Lubuk Minturun, West Sumatra. CCI values and yields of rice plants obtained on each field are then processed into maps of CCI values and yield mapping using GIS (Geographic Information System) applications with the kriging method. Based on research that has been carried out during one planting season shows that the CCI value has a relationship with the yield of rice plants. This is evidenced by the correlation values generated (r) 25 DAP (r = 0.815), 40 DAP (r = 0.877), 60 DAP (r = 0.810) and 70 DAP (r = 0.917). Based on the mapping of CCI values and mapping of production results, it was shown that production results in a land area could be predicted based on an overview of the CCI values of rice plants at different ages.
Quality of Leather Using Vegetable Tannins Extract of Acacia Mangium Bark from Waste of Industrial Plantation
Authors: Mutiar S , kasim A. , Emriadi  , Asben A
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of leather using vegetable tanning ingredients from the bark of Acacia mangium Willd. Tanning agent ingredients are provided in the form of bark powder and extract. The first phase of the preparation of the bark into powder and the second stage is the extraction of tannin from A.mangium bark. Extraction using water at 1000C for 30 minutes then evaporated so that tannin extract was obtained. Then the second stage is carried out the tanning process using both materials. Data analysis uses paired two sample for means T-test. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences in the characteristics of the leather produced. Chemical analysis of leather tanned using A.mangium bark obtained moisture content of 16.76%, ash of 3.42%, tannin bound 18.99% and degree of tanning 38.21% while chemical analysis of leather tanned using tanneries A.mangium bark extract which is moisture content 16.03%, ash 4.18%, bound tannin 32.41% and 84.82% tanning degree. The physical properties of leather using A.mangium bark powder were tensile strength 493.84 kg / cm2, elongation 34.94%, zwik strength / lastability 6.66 mm (leather cracked). Compared to the characteristics of leather using tanner A.mangium bark extract, tensile strength was 254.32 kg / cm2, elongation 44.39%, zwik / lastability strength 8.63 mm (leather not cracked).
Optimization of Composition, Temperature and Time on Production of Particle Board Made from Pine Bark and EFB
Authors: Saad A , Kasim A , Gunawarman  , Santosa
Published: October 2019

The study is aimed to find out the feasibility on the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and the Merkusii Pine Bark as a raw material for particle board production. The research carried with varied composition, times and temperature, testing according to the standards of SNI-3-2105-2006 and JIS A 5908-2003. The fiber length of the Empty Fruit Bunches is 0.1-20 mm and particle size of the pine bark passes sieve 40 mesh. The experiment result shows that density, moisture content and MOR meet SNI and JIS but MOE does not meet the standard. The optimal condition is obtained on the composition 70/30 and 75/25.
Optimisation on Frequency of Addition to the Volume of Water by Mechanical Milling Coconut Milk in Traditional Food Processing ‘Galamai’
Authors: Evawati  , Roza I , Fadri R A
Published: October 2019

Coconut milk is the main raw material needed for processing galamai. Galamai quality is strongly influenced by the quality of the milk used. In the mechanical processing of coconut milk, coconut milk produced is influenced by the amount of additional water and frequency milling. The process of adding the coconut milk in the manufacture of galamai there are two phases to dissolve “saka” and thick coconut milk to dissolve rice flour and Glutinous rice flour. Not yet known how much additional water volume and frequency of the mechanical squeezer milling machine to produce coconut milk coconut meat that is suitable for the manufacture of galamai. The research method is design completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors based on the results of the study treatment Gives the best results of treatment A2B3 (weight ratio and weight addition of grated coconut water is 1: 1 and frequency milling 3 times).