bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Patient-Controlled Analgesia: From Intravenous to Sublingual Treatment
Authors: Golembiewski Julie , Dasta Joseph , Palmer Pamela P.
Published: March 2016

Opioid administration delivered intravenously (IV) by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices has been an important development in addressing insufficient management of acute pain in the postsurgical setting. However, IV PCA has several disadvantages, including operator error, risk of patient exposure to analgesic gaps, IV line patency issues, and risk of catheter-related infection, all of which contribute to the total cost of care. Morphine, the most commonly used opioid in IV PCA, has a relatively slow onset of analgesia, which may leave patients with inadequate initial pain control and at risk of opioid dose-stacking.

Sufentanil is an opioid with no major active metabolites and a rapid onset of analgesia. The sufentanil sublingual tablet system (SSTS) with a 20-minute lockout and other safety features is a novel noninvasive PCA system in development for on-demand relief of moderate to severe acute pain in the hospital setting. Data from phase 3 trials of the use of SSTS after elective major open abdominal and orthopedic surgery show that analgesia is rapidly achieved, with a longer mean interdosing interval compared with IV PCA morphine (81 vs 47 minutes) and a high level of patient and nurse satisfaction. These data suggest that SSTS may also aid in the avoidance of some of the pitfalls inherent with IV PCA, which may help reduce hospital costs associated with IV PCA–related issues. This article describes the evolution, benefits, issues, and costs associated with IV PCA and reviews data from preclinical studies of sufentanil through SSTS phase 3 trials.
Determining the Need for Standardized Infusions and Concentrations at Hospitals within North Carolina
Authors: Lucas Andrew T. , Rowe Erinn , Eckel Stephen F.
Published: March 2016

Background

In 2013, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) endorsed a policy recommending the development of nationally standardized drug concentrations and dosing units. Although many hospitals have started standardizing their intravenous (IV) solutions, few have taken the practice beyond their institutions or local geographical areas.

Objective

This project evaluates the current IV standardization practices for adult patients across hospitals in North Carolina and compares them with each other. In addition, this project proposed standards and evaluated them for their impact on reducing observed variability.

Methods

In the fall of 2013, an e-mail request was sent to select hospital pharmacy leaders in North Carolina asking them to voluntarily submit a copy of their adult IV standard concentrations and dosing guidelines. From these lists, the data were summarized and compiled to evaluate trends and compare the various policies.

Results

A total of 18 different hospitals and health systems responded. Survey results showed more than 255 concentrations for 84 unique drugs. Of these, 37 were high-risk medications, with 135 unique drug concentrations. From this list, a single proposed concentration was developed for each medication. If utilized, this standardization would result in a greater than 65% reduction in potential drug concentrations in use. A single dosing unit was also proposed for all medications reviewed, resulting in a greater than 21% reduction in variation.

Conclusions

Standardization of IV drug concentrations and dosing units statewide could reduce the variability in IV therapies and promote safer and more consistent practices in medication administration.
Enzymatic Stability of Alteplase Solution for Injection: Effect of Various Methods of Thawing Frozen Solutions
Authors: Cutshall Brandon T. , Gorman Gregory S. , Freeman Maisha Kelly , Kyle Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2016

Objective

To modify and evaluate an established chromogenic assay protocol for measuring plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) activity to measure tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and compare the enzymatic activity of alteplase as a function of the conditions under which it is thawed.

Methods

A 50 mg vial of alteplase was reconstituted with sterile water to make a 1 mg/mL stock solution (nominal concentration). Plastic syringes were loaded with 0.5 mL of alteplase stock solution and stored at −20°C. After 8 days, samples were thawed by 3 methods – via body temperature (37°C), room temperature (20°C), or in a refrigerator (2°C). Thaw times were recorded. The thawed solutions, along with a freshly prepared alteplase solution, were assayed using the modified protocol of the Spectrolyse PAI-1 kit to determine residual tPA enzyme activity.

Results

Validation of the modified protocol for the Spectrolyse PAI-1 kit used to measure tPA activity produced a linear response with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) of greater than 0.9977 when assayed on 2 separate days, which corresponded to an enzymatic activity accuracy between 98.3% and 108.3%. The average percent residual tPA enzyme activity of samples from each group compared to the freshly prepared solution was 106%, 98.7%, and 91.5% for samples thawed at body temperature, room temperature, and refrigerated, respectively.

Conclusion

Modifications to the standard procedure for the Spectrolyse PAI-1 kit allows for accurate determination of tPA activity in aqueous based reconstituted solutions of alteplase. Under thawed conditions, alteplase retained greater than 91% enzyme activity as compared to a freshly prepared control.
Moving to an Information Technology–Driven Health Care Environment
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: March 2016

Do you remember when 2020 was the date used as the distant future when our lives would be totally transformed by the technologies that were going to be part of our daily routines? Do you recall that Popular Science magazine predicted in the 1950s that our biggest problem in the year 2000 would be the crowded airspace from our personal helicopters? Who was the thought leader who said no household in America would buy a computer or need one? We believe there are funny predictions that were made years ago that haven't yet come to fruition. We are also convinced that health care is rapidly becoming primarily information technology-driven, including big data, little data, and some pretty exciting technologies that are rapidly emerging and are already beyond the “showing promise” stage.
Giving poverty a voice: families’ experiences of social work practice in a risk-averse child protection system
Authors: Gupta Anna , Blumhardt Hannah
Published: March 2016

This article explores family members’ perspectives on child protection interventions within the current neoliberal and punitive policy and practice contexts. The material is drawn from the ‘Giving Poverty a Voice’ social worker training project, a collaborative project involving family members and activists from ATD Fourth World (the international anti-poverty organisation), academics in the field of social work and practitioners, including social workers, lawyers and ATD Fourth World team members.
“Teaches People That I'm More Than a Disability”: Using Nominal Group Technique in Patient-Oriented Research for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Spassiani Natasha A. , Sawyer Amanda R. , Chacra Megan S. Abou , Koch Kimberley , Muñoz Yasmin A. , Lunsky Yona
Published: March 2016

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have complex healthcare needs, which are often unmet. Nominal group technique (NGT) uses a mixed-methods approach, which may engage the IDD population in the research process in a person-centered manner and address the shortcomings of traditional research methods with this population. NGT was used with a group of 10 self-advocates to evaluate a series of healthcare tools created by and for individuals with IDD. Participants provided helpful input about the strengths of these tools and suggestions to improve them. NGT was found to be an effective way to engage all participants in the research process.
Frailty as a Predictor of Institutionalization Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: McKenzie Katherine , Ouellette-Kuntz Hélène , Martin Lynn
Published: March 2016

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently become frail earlier than the general population, resulting in higher care needs. This population is at risk for institutionalization, or re-institutionalization, into long-term care (LTC). Using a retrospective cohort design to follow 3,034 individuals (18-99 years) living in Ontario, Canada, and assessed with the Resident Assessment Instrument–Home Care, individuals were characterized with a frailty index (FI) for persons with IDD. Survival analyses determined differences in rates of admission to LTC and survival in the community. Frail individuals had greater rates of admission than non-frail individuals, adjusted HR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.81, 2.64]. The FI predicts institutionalization.
Gutes und böses Wachstum
Authors: Mende-Kremnitzer Robert
Published: March 2016

In der Debatte um das Wachstum sind die Fronten verhärtet. Endlicher Planet gegen Kapitalismus. Es ist Zeit für einen Kompromiss. Umsatzwachstum lässt sich in Preis- und Mengenwachstum trennen. Nur Letzteres hat aber verheerende Auswirkungen auf den Ressourcenverbrauch. Warum aber solltendie Unternehmen nicht nach Preiswachstum streben?
The potential of co-creation spaces to contribute to Sustainable Development
Authors: Iscenco Alexandr
Published: March 2016

Collaborative production in community-based open workshops has a potential to contribute to sustainable development. The article explores how open workshops, collaborative innovation and manufacturing can contribute to sustainability of a city such as Berlin.
Ergebnisse der Leserumfrage von "Ökologisches Wirtschaften"
Authors: Garthe Christopher
Published: March 2016

In der Ausgabe 01/2015 von ÖkologischesWirtschaften haben wir eine große Leserumfrage durchgeführt. Hier präsentieren wir Ihnen die zentralen Ergebnisse der Umfrage.
Zwölf Thesen zum Thema Zeitwohlstand
Authors: Von Jorck Gerrit , Birkenstock Maren , Harnisch Richard , Stagl Sebastian
Published: March 2016

Spricht man von Zeitwohlstand, mag man intuitiv an einen Zugewinn an Freizeit denken. Doch dies ist nur ein Aspekt. Mit unseren Thesen wollen wir die Vielschichtigkeit dieser Erzählung nachzeichnen.
Erfolgsbedingungen von Veränderungsprozessen
Authors: Kristof Kora
Published: March 2016

Wenn wir die ökologischen Belastungsgrenzen und die globale und generationenübergreifende Gerechtigkeit ernst nehmen, stehen wir vor großen Veränderungen. Dafür reicht es nicht, sich zu fragen, was sich ändern soll. Es stellt sich verstärkt die Frage nach den Erfolgsfaktoren für gesellschaftliche Veränderungen.
Timing of Locomotor Recovery from Anoxia Modulated by the white Gene in Drosophila
Authors: Xiao Chengfeng , Robertson R Meldrum
Published: March 2016

Locomotor recovery from anoxia follows the restoration of disordered ion distributions and neuronal excitability. The time taken for locomotor recovery after 30 sec anoxia (around 10 min) is longer than the time for the propagation of action potentials to be restored (<1 min) in Drosophila wild type. We report here that the white (w) gene modulates the timing of locomotor recovery. Wild-type flies displayed fast and consistent recovery of locomotion from anoxia, whereas mutants of w showed significantly delayed and more variable recovery. Genetic analysis including serial backcrossing revealed a strong association between the w locus and the timing of locomotor recovery, and haplo-insufficient function of w+ in promoting fast recovery. The locomotor recovery phenotype was independent of classic eye pigmentation, although both are associated with the w gene. Introducing up to four copies of mini-white (mw+) into w1118 was insufficient to promote fast and consistent locomotor recovery. However, flies carrying w+ duplicated to the Y chromosome showed wild-type-like fast locomotor recovery. Furthermore, Knockdown of w by RNA interference (RNAi) in neurons but not glia delayed locomotor recovery, and specifically, knockdown of w in subsets of serotonin neurons was sufficient to delay the locomotor recovery. These data reveal an additional role for w in modulating the timing of locomotor recovery from anoxia.
Effect of high wavelengths low intensity light during dark period on physical exercise performance, biochemical and haematological parameters of swimming rats
Authors: Beck W , Gobatto C
Published: March 2016

Nocturnal rodents should be assessed at an appropriate time of day, which leads to a challenge in identifying an adequate environmental light which allows animal visualisation without perturbing physiological homeostasis. Thus, we analysed the influence of high wavelength and low intensity light during dark period on physical exercise and biochemical and haematological parameters of nocturnal rats. We submitted 80 animals to an exhaustive exercise at individualised intensity under two different illuminations during dark period. Red light (> 600 nm; < 15lux) was applied constantly during dark period (EI; for experimental illumination groups) or only for handling and assessments (SI; for standard illumination groups). EI led to worse haematological and biochemical conditions, demonstrating that EI alone can influence physiological parameters and jeopardise result interpretation. SI promotes normal physiological conditions and greater aerobic tolerance than EI, showing the importance of a correct illumination pattern for all researchers that employ nocturnal rats for health/disease or sports performance experiments.
Role of Mas receptor antagonist (A779) in renal hemodynamics in condition of blocked angiotensin II receptors in rats
Authors: Mansoori A , Oryan S , Nematbakhsh M
Published: March 2016

The vasodilatory effect of angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1-7) is exerted in the vascular bed via Mas receptor (MasR) gender dependently. However, the crosstalk between MasR and angiotensin II (Ang II) types 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R) may change some actions of Ang 1-7 in renal circulation. In this study by blocking AT1R and AT2R, the role of MasR in kidney hemodynamics was described. In anaesthetized male and female Wistar rats, the effects of saline as vehicle and MasR blockade (A779) were tested on mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal perfusion pressure (RPP), renal blood flow (RBF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) when both AT1R and AT2R were blocked by losartan and PD123319, respectively. In male rats, when AT1R and AT2R were blocked, there was a tendency for the increase in RBF/wet kidney tissue weight (RBF/KW) to be elevated by A779 as compared with the vehicle (P=0.08), and this was not the case in female rats. The impact of MasR on renal hemodynamics appears not to be sexual dimorphism either when Ang II receptors were blocked. It seems that co-blockade of all AT1R, AT2R, and MasR may alter RBF/ KW in male more than in female rats. These findings support a crosstalk between MasR and Ang II receptors in renal circulation.
A zenei bizsergés pszichofiziológiai háttere és terápiás felhasználása
Authors: Tihanyi Benedek T.
Published: March 2016

Zenét hallgatva olykor elérkezik egy különleges pillanat, amikor a hangok olyan mélyen megérintenek bennünket, hogy a hideg futkos a hátunkon, megborzongunk, lúdbőrözni kezdünk, bizsereg a fejbőrünk, esetleg szaporán kezd verni a szívünk, elszorul a torkunk vagy könnyes lesz a szemünk. Tanulmányom első felében a zenehallgatás érzelemszabályozásban betöltött általános szerepének ismertetése után a zene által kiváltott testi érzeteket tárgyaló angol nyelvű szakirodalom összefoglalására vállalkozom. Bemutatom (1) a jelenség leírására használt szakszavakat (zenei csúcsélmények, chills, thrills, ASMR, bőrorgazmus), (2) a kiváltásában feltételezett zenei elemeket, (3) az idegélettani hátterét (dopaminerg rendszer, szimpatikus aktivitás lateralitás), (4) a feltételezett evolúciós szerepét (reakció társak vészjelzésére, érzékenység az akusztikus újdonságra), (5) az érzelmekkel és személyiségvonásokkal való kapcsolatát (pozitív emocionalitás, tapasztalatokra való nyitottság). A tanulmány második felében felvetem, hogy a zenehallgatás és a pszichés jóllét kapcsolatát többek között a zenei csúcsélmények, a bizsergések és más testi érzetek közvetíthetik. Ezek a jelenségek pozitív élményként felerősítik az odafordulást és bizalmat a test és a jelen pillanat felé, ezáltal elősegíthetik a testi tudatosságot (a testi érzetek felé való odafordulás) és a tudatos jelenlétet (az itt-és-most-ra összpontosító tudatállapot). A tudatos jelenlét és a testi tudatosság mentális egészséggel való kapcsolata ismert, és megjelentek olyan terápiás módszerek is, amelyek a testi figyelem erősítésére a zenehallgatást használják. A zenei bizsergések és más, a zenehallgatás közben bekövetkező kellemes testi élmények gyakorisága a zenei fordulatokon kívül függhet a befogadó mentális állapotától. A tudatos jelenlét, a testi tudatosság és a zenei bizsergések között talán kétirányú pozitív kapcsolat áll fenn: a tudatosság erősítése a zenehallgatás előtt valószínűsítheti a testi élmények átélését, a testi élmények pedig kaput nyithatnak a tudatosság felé. A zenei bizsergések intermodális jelenségként felhívják a figyelmet a zeneterápiák, a mindfulness alapú kognitív pszichoterápiák, és a testközpontú pszichoterápiák további integrálási lehetőségére, illetve a szórakoztatóipar és a zeneoktatás mentálhigiénés prevencióban eleddig kiaknázatlan lehetőségeire.
Evaluacion del efecto de Beauveria bassiana en el control biológico de Varroa destructor, parasito de la abeja melífera (Apis mellifera) en la finca Felisa en el municipio de los Patios, Norte de Santander
Authors: Chacin Zambrano Christian , Duarte Francy Liliana , Reyes Lisbeth Carolina
Published: March 2016

La apicultura es una actividad que produce importantes beneficios a la agricultura y el medio ambiente; Por medio de laacción polinizadora de las abejas se contribuye a aumentar la productividad así como también la diversidad biológica en elecosistema. En los últimos años, se ha incrementado considerablemente las prevalencias parasitarias en esta especie, especialmentela Varroasis, enfermedad causada por el ácaro Varroa destructor. Este agente causal, produce pérdidas entre 30%y 50% del total de la producción y a su vez pueden generar daños en la calidad de la miel por el uso excesivo de químicospara el control de la enfermedad, así como el deterioro lento y progresivo en la salud de los productores1. Observando estasituación, se evalúo la incidencia del Hongo Beauveria bassiana en las poblaciones naturales de Varroa destructor, en la acarofaunaasociada, y en los restos de la colmena, mediante pruebas de patogenicidad en condiciones de laboratorio evaluandoel efecto entomopatógeno del biocontrolador para luego introducirlo en los apiarios infectados con la enfermedad. De acuerdoa los resultados obtenidos, la infestación en estado adulto de V. destructor en A. mellifera africanizada en el muestreo realizadoen la finca Felisa ubicada en el municipio de Los Patios, registró porcentajes de infestación en colmenas entre 3,4 % a 8.3%,en estado de cría la infestación fue de 4.5% a 13.7%. Durante las pruebas de laboratorio se logró observar que el hongo B.bassiana atacó el ácaro realizando un control eficaz sin perjudicar a las abejas, el propóleo y la miel permitiéndole a este insectoseguir con sus actividades normales, controlando la enfermedad de forma biológica y no química.
Factores asociados al rendimiento en las Pruebas Saber Pro en estudiantes de Ingeniería Civil en universidades colombianas
Authors: Osma Castellanos Wolfang Alexander , Mojica Perdomo Adrián David , Rivera Flórez Tulia Esther
Published: March 2016

Introducción: Las pruebas académicas Saber Pro son de carácter oficial y obligatoriamente forman parte con otros procesos y acciones, de un conjunto de instrumentos que el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia dispone para evaluar la calidad del servicio educativo del sector oficial y privado; también son utilizadas como fuente de selección para convocatorias en becas de posgrado y/o selección de personal en distintas empresas. Materiales y Métodos: En este proyecto se analizaron los resultados de la pruebas Saber Pro 2010 de los estudiantes de últimos semestres de Ingeniería Civil a nivel nacional para determinar los factores que influyen en los puntajes obtenidos. Se estudiaron diferentes variables, cualitativas como cuantitativas, asociadas al puntaje obtenido mediante métodos estadísticos como las tablas de contingencia y el análisis de correspondencia simple y múltiple. Resultados y Discusión: La prueba Ji-cuadrado respalda la independencia de las variables trabaja (p=0,858) y título (p=0,433) en asociación con la variable puntaje, señalando que ni el título de bachiller obtenido por el estudiante, ni si el individuo trabaja o no, tienen relación con los resultados que obtiene en la pruebas. Por el contrario para las variables género (p=0,000), tipo (p=0,000), educación padre (p=0,000), educación madre (p=0,000) y estrato (p=0,000), se concluye que sí juegan algún papel en los resultados. Conclusiones: El análisis de correspondencias para los estudiantes permite concluir que los puntajes superiores a la media se asocian con estudiantes del género masculino, que estudian Ingeniería Civil en instituciones públicas, tienen padres con estudios universitarios y viven en los estratos sociales 4, 5 ó 6. Por otro lado es importante formular nuevos estudios donde se analicen otras variables que puedan explicar los resultados y la implementación de otros modelos estadísticos como: el análisis por discriminantes, análisis por componentes principales y análisis por regresión logística.
Efecto aharonov-bohm en puntos cuánticos no uniformes
Authors: Gélvez Adriana Lucia , Gutierrez Willian , Rodríguez Prada Fredy
Published: March 2016

Introducción: Recientemente, las investigaciones en el campo de la materia condensada se han venido enfocando en el estudio de estructuras fabricadas mediante diferentes técnicas de crecimiento de cristales, en especial de materiales semiconductores y esto ha despertado un gran interés en el estudio teórico y aprovechamiento tecnológico de las importantes propiedades que despliegan los sistemas de partículas confinadas en puntos cuánticos con diferentes morfologías (nano-estructuras semiconductoras cero-dimesionales). Un atractivo especial en el área de los sistemas de baja dimensionalidad es el estudio de las propiedades opto-electrónicas de puntos cuánticos en forma de irregulares. Los Anillos Cuánticos, especialmente, son estructuras que poseen simetría axial y presentan una cavidad semiconductora en la región comprendida entre su radio interno y externo. Debido al confinamiento periódico el comportamiento de los portadores de carga en esta estructura deben tener un carácter diferente en presencia de un campo magnético externo, como sucede con el denominado Efecto Oscilatorio Aharonov-Bohm (AB). Este fenómeno se observa generalmente cuando una partícula cargada confinada en un sistema de baja dimensionalidad está afectada por un campo electromagnético externo. Materiales y Métodos: Se analiza el efecto de la irregularidad morfológica en puntos cuánticos lenticulares y de anillos cuánticos tipo cráter, que se encuentran sometidos a un campo magnético en la dirección de crecimiento, sobre el espectro energético de un electrón confinado en cada uno de ellos. Resultados y discusión: Los defectos estructurales son modelados mediante funciones en coordenadas cilíndricas, las cuales presentan soluciones analíticas para los casos isotrópicos. Posteriormente, los resultados de los estados energéticos del electrón en las estructuras simétricas permiten obtener el comportamiento de la energía para problemas completos y complejos mediante el uso de métodos numéricos, como diagonalización exacta y expansión en series. Conclusiones: Se presentan en este trabajo los niveles energéticos de un electrón en función de intensidad del campo magnético y se reportan comportamientos diferentes para ambos tipos de QDs considerados, principalmente porque en los de tipo cráter se presentan oscilanes AB, característico de anillos cuánticos unidimensionales. En este estudio el surgimiento de oscilaciones AB, en puntos cuántico tipo cráter se debe a la mayor probabilidad de ubicar al electrón en el borde de la estructura, ya que esta zona es la de menor confinamiento cuántico.
Un modelo de regresión logística para evaluar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en la población general, mérida, venezuela
Authors: Salazar Erasmo Rafael , Nava Puente Luis Antonio , Rivas Olivo Douglas Edwin , González Benítez Alejandro Ramón , Maldonado Quintero Xiomara Josefina
Published: March 2016

Introducción: Esta investigación ajusta un modelo para la prevalencia del Síndrome Metabólico y, evalúa el nivel de acuerdo en la clasificación de la población general, área metropolitana, municipio Libertador de la ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela, 2005, según las variables PREV1 y PREV2, diseñadas empleando criterios de NCPE-ATP III. Materiales y Métodos: Se propone el uso del coeficiente kappa de Cohen para medir dicho acuerdo. Se emplea el procedimiento propuesto por Nava y Sinha (2007), para ajustar un modelo de regresión logística que relaciona la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico (SM), también conocido como Síndrome X, con las variables sexo, talla, peso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), alcohol, tabaco, sedentarismo, glucosa, HDL, triglicéridos, obesidad, clase social, edad y estado civil; considerando información referente a un grupo de 275 habitantes. Resultados discusión: Los resultados indican que las variables relacionadas en forma significativa con la presencia de SM son sexo, IMC, glucosa, HDL, triglicéridos y edad. Glucosa, HDL, triglicéridos e índice de masa corporal corregido, son variables que incrementan en forma significativa las posibilidades de prevalencia de SM. Conclusiones: Se concluye, que las mujeres tienen mayores posibilidades que los hombres de presentar SM; el valor obtenido para el coeficiente kappa de Cohen, indica que existe un alto acuerdo en la clasificación de los individuos considerados en la investigación según las variables PREV1 y PREV2, es decir, cualquiera de esas variables puede usarse para determinar la prevalencia de SM.
REPERCUSSIONS IN THE LIVING PROCESS OF PEOPLE WITH STOMAS
Authors: Mota Marina Soares , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Petuco Vilma Madalosso
Published: March 2016

A descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aimed to identify the repercussions of ostomy construction on the living process of people with an ostomy. The study was performed at a Stomatherapy Service from a university hospital in southern Brazil, in the first semester of 2011, with eight patients. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and they were analyzed by thematic analysis. We found that the surgery happened to prevent patient deaths. Patients presented themselves as disheartened, angry, sad, having doubts, and they sought to keep the ostomy a secret. They were concerned with the acquisition of resources for self-care. They may present complications and experience embarrassing situations because of the stoma. However, they perceived that they could live with a stoma and regain joy. We concluded that they were able to reframe their lives. We highlight the role of nurses, enabling them for self-care, constituting part of their social support network, helping them to become able to live independently.
LIVING WITH MENTAL DISORDER IN CHILDHOOD: FEELINGS AND REACTIONS OF THE FAMILY
Authors: Vicente Jéssica Batistela , Marcon Sonia Silva , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: March 2016

Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, involving 14 families of children with mental disorders assisted at the Psychosocial Child Care Center of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. The objective was to understand the experiences, feelings and reactions of families of child with mental disorder. Data were collected from January till April 2013 through open interviews and then analyzed using thematic Content Analysis. Two categories emerged "Living with mental disorder in childhood: a daily battle" and "Feeling and reacting: experiencing the mental disorder in childhood". It is concluded that the family needs to understand the disease to accept it and thus learn how to live with it, and it is up to the nurse to provide support in order to face the difficulties.
Formas de Construtivismo: Mudança Conceitual e Construtivismo Contextual
Authors: El-Hani Charbel Nino , Bizzo Nelio Marco Vincenzo
Published: March 2016

Geelan (1997), em seu modelo bidimensional das formas de construtivismo, situa o construtivismo contextual, proposto por William Cobern, numa posição diametralmente oposta à pedagogia da mudança conceitual, por ele associada ao construtivismo pessoal. Neste artigo, discutimos as relações entre essas duas formas de construtivismo e algumas implicações para o ensino de Ciências.
Sobrevivência e Frutificação de Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. em Áreas Desmatadas em Oriximiná, Pará
Authors: Scoles Ricardo , Canto Marcelo Serrão , Almeida Renato Glauber , Vieira Dayanne Pinheiro
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Analisaram-se as condições biológicas (sobrevivência, reprodução, rebrotação) e estrutura de populações de castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) nas margens de estradas em áreas desmatadas (Oriximiná, Pará). Identificaram-se 441 árvores de castanheira (Diâmetro à Altura do Peito – DAP > 10 cm). De cada árvore, coletaram-se as coordenadas geográficas, dados dendrométricos e registrou-se o estado vital e reprodutivo, assim como evidências de perturbação e rebrotamento. Cerca de 75% das castanheiras foram encontradas em estado morto. A estrutura populacional das árvores vivas é envelhecida (DAP médio, 159 ± 0,55 cm), com baixa presença de jovens improdutivos (4,6%). Pouco mais da metade das castanheiras adultas sobreviventes (DAP > 40 cm) apresentou evidências de frutificação. As árvores com frutos apresentaram uma área de copa significativamente maior que as improdutivas. São necessárias medidas urgentes de conservação e reflorestamento da população de castanheiras na região do estudo, em conformidade da legislação ambiental vigente.
Aplicação da escala psicossocial de aparência facial na avaliação da paralisia facial periférica: estudo piloto
Authors: Silva Mabile Francine Ferreira , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , Tessitore Adriana , Paschoal Jorge Rizzato , Cunha Maria Claudia
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Aplicar a Escala Psicossocial de Aparência Facial, para verificar aplicabilidade e reprodutibilidade, por meio de estudo piloto. Métodos Casuística: seleção de oito sujeitos adultos com paralisia facial periférica, a partir de critérios estabelecidos. Procedimentos: 1. avaliação fonoaudiológica da função facial; 2. verificação da fidedignidade da Escala Psicossocial de Aparência Facial; 3. verificação da reprodutibilidade da escala; 4. aplicação da Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e aplicado o teste t-Student pareado, entre os momentos 1 e 2, e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ricc). Resultados A verificação da aplicabilidade aumentou a familiaridade com o processo de coleta de dados e auxiliou nas modificações dos procedimentos. O questionário mostrou-se fidedigno para todas as escalas analisadas: Aspectos Funcionais da Face, Aspectos Sociais, Aspectos Emocionais, Geral e Nota atribuída ao rosto. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ricc) demonstrou a reprodutibilidade do instrumento, tendo apresentado, neste caso, valores excelentes para todas os grupos temáticos analisados. Conclusão Esta pesquisa ofereceu subsídios para o aprimoramento e elaboração final de instrumento que investiga os aspectos psicossociais associados à paralisia facial periférica.
Evapotranspiração de referência estimada por modelos simplificados para o Estado do Mato Grosso
Authors: Tanaka Adriana Aki , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Klar Antonio Evaldo , Silva Andréa Carvalho da , Gomes Anthony Wellington Almeida
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de 12 modelos simplificados de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), para o Estado do Mato Grosso. Os dados foram obtidos da rede de estações meteorológicas automáticas (EMAs) do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, localizadas em 28 municípios do Estado. Os modelos simplificados de estimativa avaliados foram os de: Hargreaves-Samani, Camargo, Makkink, Linacre, McGinness-Bordne, Romanenko, Turc, Holdridge, Radiação Solar, Jensen-Haise, Hansen e Caprio. Adotou-se o método de Penman-Monteith Fao 56 (PMF) como referência na avaliação das estimativas simplificadas. O desempenho estatístico foi avaliado por meio do erro absoluto médio (MBE), da raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio (RMSE), do índice de concordância (d) de Willmott e de acordo com o ordenamento numérico dos modelos para cada índice. O modelo de Makkink superestimou a ETo de 2,0 a 3,0 mm por dia, com espalhamentos de 2,75 mm por dia e índice d de 0,40, o que resultou nos piores desempenhos entre os modelos, independentemente do município avaliado. Os modelos de Turc e McGinness-Bordne apresentaram os melhores desempenhos de estimativa da ETo, para 57,1 e 25% das EMAs, respectivamente. Os modelos de Romanenko, Makkink e Holdridge não são recomendados para o Estado do Mato Grosso.
Conservação e desengorduramento de grãos de pólen de bacurizeiro
Authors: Vale Ellen de Moura , Moreira Sulimary Oliveira Gomes , Vasconcelos Lúcio Flavo Lopes , Guimarães Alane Rosane Castro , Costa Maria do Perpetuo Socorro Damasceno
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de métodos de extração da oleosidade de grãos de pólen de bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis), sobre sua viabilidade. Avaliaram-se sete tratamentos para a extração de lipídios do pólen, cinco deles por imersão em éter de petróleo por 30 s (T1), 60 s (T2), 300 s (T3), 600 s (T4), e 900 s (T5), e dois por imersão em 25% de álcool e 75% de éter petróleo por 60 s (T6) e 900 s (T7); e um tratamento-controle, sem a adição de solventes. Posteriormente, os grãos de pólen desengordurados foram submetidos a um teste de germinação in vitro. Os grãos de pólen submetidos a T2, T3, T4 e T5 apresentaram teores de lipídios menores do que o do tratamento-controle. O tratamento T2 promoveu a maior germinação dos pólens.
Retrospective study of pre-anesthetic electrocardiogram examination of 700 dogs conducted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFMG (2013-2014)
Authors: Botelho Ana Flávia Machado , Oliveira Maira Souza , Soto-Blanco Benito , Melo Marília M.
Published: March 2016

Abstract: Pre-operative electrocardiograms performed in 700 dogs were analyzed in order to establish correlation between sex, age, indication for surgery, body condition score, breed and weight. Initially a clinical questionnaire was filled out from each owner, including age, breed, sex, weight, clinical history and surgical indication. Dogs above 6 years of age or those showing any kind of cardiac auscultation disturbances were referred to electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation. All ECG were performed and analyzed by the same veterinary specialist. Abnormalities at ECG were founnd in 364 of 700 (52%) evaluated dogs, and the most frequent variation was sinus arrhythmia, observed in 293 dogs (25.4%). No significant correlation was found between the electrocardiographic alterations with weight, sex and age of the animals. Therefore ECG should be conducted routinely regardless of age, sex, breed or surgical indication, highlighting its value for determining a safe anesthetic protocol that promotes minimal cardiopulmonary depression and allows rapid post-surgical recovery.
Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em aves silvestres de três Unidades de Conservação Federais da Paraíba e da Bahia
Authors: Andrade Leontina H.M. , Lugarini Camile , Oliveira Rhaysa A.S. , Silva Luana T.R. , Marvulo Maria Fernanda V. , Garcia José E. , Dubey Jitender P. , Silva Jean C.R.
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A vigilância e monitoramento de doenças em animais silvestres são imprescindíveis no contexto ambiental e de saúde pública, pois estes animais agem como sentinelas, refletindo alterações ambientais precocemente, o que proporciona maior eficácia no monitoramento ambiental e permite o acesso rápido a informações sobre as condições da área. Neste contexto, as aves são importantes no ciclo biológico do Toxoplasma gondii e na epidemiologia da toxoplasmose, principalmente porque seus tecidos representam importantes fontes de proteína na alimentação de felídeos e humanos. Objetivou-se detectar anticorpos anti-T. gondii, por meio do teste de aglutinação modificada em aves silvestres de três Unidades de Conservação (UC) Federais dos Estados da Paraíba e Bahia. No período de dezembro de 2011 a outubro de 2013 foram capturadas com redes de neblina 222 aves silvestres pertencentes a 67 espécies, 27 famílias e 12 ordens. Após a captura, foi colhido sangue de cada animal e separado o soro, que foi submetido ao Teste de Aglutinação Modificada (MAT≥1:25) utilizando taquizoítos inativados na formalina e 2-mercaptoetanol. Dentre as 222 amostras analisadas, três (1,3%) foram sororreagentes: 1 de 16 (6,2%) pipira-preta Tachyphonus rufus (título 50), 1 de 5 (20%) juriti-gemedeira Leptotila rufaxilla (título 50) e 1 de 1 (100%) caneleiro-enxofre Casiornis fuscus (título 25). Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii nas referidas espécies de aves silvestres de vida livre nas duas UC Federais estudadas.
Phytotoxic Activity of Parthenium Against Wheat and Canola Differ With Plant Parts and Bioassays Techniques
Authors: KHALIQ A. , ASLAM F , MATLOOB A , JAVAID A , TANVEER A , HUSSAIN S. , IHSAN M.Z
Published: March 2016

Phytotoxic effects of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus were studied by using whole plant, leaf and root aqueous extracts at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v) concentrations against germination and early seedling growth of wheat and canola. Studies were carried out both in Petri plates with filter paper as substratum placed in controlled conditions and soil-filled plastic pots placed in open environments. Pronounced variation was noted for phytotoxic activity of different plant parts of parthenium, aqueous extract concentrations, test species, and bioassay techniques. Aqueous parthenium extracts either inhibited or delayed the germination and suppressed seedling growth of test species over control. For both test species, all the germination attributes were suppressed to a greater extent in Petri plates than in plastic pots. Leaf extracts were more suppressive to germination of test species than whole plant and root extracts. Increasing extract concentration beyond 2.5% caused significant reduction in seedling dry biomass of both test species. Aqueous parthenium extract diminished chlorophyll contents of wheat and canola by 32-63% and 29 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, an increase of 9-172% and 22-60% in phenolic contents of wheat and canola was recorded. Canola appeared to be more susceptible than wheat at all extract concentrations. Present study concluded that bioassays conducted under controlled condition using filter paper as substratum may be misleading due to over estimation of allelopathic response and variation in potential of receiver and donor species. Furthermore, it implies that threshold concentrations of allelochemicals for test species in Petri plates are rarely reached under field conditions.
Varistores à base de WO3 - revisão
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Moizinho , Pessoa Pedro Alberto Pavão , Brito Ronilson Lopes , Rangel José Hilton Gomes , Vasconcelos Jomar Sales , Longo Elson
Published: March 2016

Varistores são elementos que fazem parte do sistema de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica ou de instalações elétricas especiais. Estes dispositivos são amplamente produzidos variando a escala, dependendo de sua aplicação, como dispositivos de baixa voltagem, com poucos grãos, exibindo ruptura de alguns volts, a vários kilovolts como usado em para-raios em rede de distribuição de energia. A física de operação dos varistores tem sido amplamente estudada e tem elementos comuns como barreiras Schottky formado na junção metal/semicondutor. Vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos a fim de obter cerâmicas varistoras para aplicação em alta e baixa tensão. Dentre esses estudos encontram-se os varistores a base de ZnO, SnO2, TiO2 e mais recentemente os de WO3. Diferente das três composições citadas, os a base de WO3 apresentam comportamento varistor intrínseco devido a presença das fases monoclínica e triclínica. A adição de dopantes doadores e aceitadores de elétrons e o tratamento térmico em diferentes atmosferas também alteram as propiedades não lineares desses sistemas, uma vez que influencia na formação da barreira Schottky. Neste estudo foi realizada uma revisão sobre trabalhos relacionados a nova composição de cerâmica varistora a base de óxido de tungstênio (WO3).
Formación del profesorado en la lengua y cultura indígena: una histórica demanda educativa en contexto Mapuche
Authors: Turra Omar , Ferrada Donatila
Published: March 2016

Resumen Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo como propósito construir, junto al profesorado en ejercicio en contexto educativo y cultural Mapuche, los requerimientos que estos docentes demandan a las instituciones formadoras en función de las necesidades del contexto de desempeño. Los requerimientos actuales del profesorado se correlacionan, en perspectiva histórica, con las demandas levantadas por un grupo de profesores pertenecientes a este pueblo originario y testimoniado hacia los años 30 y 40 del siglo XX. La investigación se desarrolló desde una metodología de investigación social mixta, de carácter histórico para concentrar las demandas del profesorado Mapuche y desde la metodología comunicativa para levantar las demandas actuales del profesorado. Para este último caso también se implementó un diseño de investigación mixto, de tipología secuencial e integrada que utilizó distintas técnicas de recolección de información durante su desarrollo (cuestionario comunicativo, entrevista comunicativa y grupo de discusión comunicativo). Los resultados de ambos corpus de requerimientos confluyen en demandar un profesorado con formación en la lengua y cultura Mapuche, que le permita dar cuenta de las características culturales y lingüísticas del estudiantado originario que asiste al sistema escolar, es decir abogan por la presencia de un cuerpo docente con habilitación profesional para desarrollar procesos pedagógicos con pertinencia cultural.
DEFORMATION MONITORING OF LARGE STRUCTURES BY GROUND-BASED SAR INTERFEROMETRY
Authors: Qiu Zhiwei , Yue Jianping , Wang Xueqin , Yue Shun
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a ground-based SAR interferometry technology was used to monitor major enginerring. This technology has been recognized as a powerful tool for terrain monitoring and structural change detecting. Deformation monitoring for large project has been a hot issue among them. According to GBSAR interferometry principle and characteristics of IBIS system, the authors analysis the error sources of deformation monitoring, and experimentally extract atmospheric phase which should removed based on permanent scatterer analysis. Atmospheric disturbance effect analysis is discussed in this paper, and an atmospheric correction method is proposed to remove atmospheric effect, then the effective displacement can be retrieved. Results from this approach have been compared with that from traditional method in this campaign, GBInSAR technology can be exploited successfully in deformation monitoring for major projects with high accuracy 1-3.
Uncertainties in the design of ground heat exchangers
Authors: Mikhaylova Olga , Johnston Ian W. , Narsilio Guillermo A.
Published: March 2016

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have the potential to reduce the carbon dioxide footprint of buildings by providing them with sustainable heating and cooling energy from the ground at shallow depths. The financial viability of these systems depends on the adequate sizing of the ground heat exchangers (GHEs), which generally contribute the most to the overall capital costs of GSHP systems. Consideration of the uncertainties in the design of GHEs has the potential to improve GHE design by increasing the confidence in sizing GHEs for particular applications. This paper proposes a methodology for the estimation of the uncertainty in the design length of GHEs by considering the uncertainties involved with the selection of design parameters. By using the proposed methodology, a case study is presented where borehole GHEs are sized following a commonly applied design process recommended in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (Ashrae) handbook. The uncertainty in the resulting length of GHEs is estimated, and the sensitivity of this uncertainty to the uncertainties in individual design parameters is discussed. In addition, measures to reduce the length uncertainty are considered.
Case study: frost heave and thaw settlement under an ice rink
Authors: Sinnathamby Gowthaman , Gustavsson Henry , Korkiala-Tanttu Leena , Cervera Carles Perez , Koskinen Mirva
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the results of a case study where various methods were used to estimate the frost heave and the thaw settlement of a frozen ground beneath the ice rink facility in Myllypuro, Helsinki. Several undisturbed soil samples were taken from the proximity of the site and characterised for frost susceptibility. Laboratory frost-cell tests were conducted on soil samples from different depths to estimate the possible future frost heave and thaw settlements of the frozen ground. Frost heave and thaw settlement were also calculated from various empirical formulations and compared with the estimations based on the laboratory test results. The thaw settlement estimations from the frost-cell test results was 1·84 m (∼28% of the total frost depth), which was similar to the results from the empirical formulations. The calculated frost depth and frost heave at the end of 30 years were 6·39 m and 622 mm respectively. This was in good agreement with the on-site measurements taken immediately before the renovation, after about 30 years of continuous operation.
Managerial Compensation Under Privately-Observed Hedging
Authors: Liu Qi , Sun Bo
Published: March 2016

This paper studies how private information in hedging outcomes affects the design of managerial compensation when hedging instruments serve as a double-edged sword in that they may be used for both corporate hedging and earnings management. On the one hand, financial vehicles can offer customized contracts that are closely tailored to manage specific risk and improve hedging efficiency. On the other hand, involvement in hedging may give rise to manipulation through misstatement of the value estimates. We show that the use of privately-observed hedging may actually require greater pay-for-performance in managerial compensation. The cross-sectional variations in managerial compensation lend support to our model.
Universalidade do Direito à Saúde
Authors: Madureira Amanda Silva , Sena Jaqueline Prazeres
Published: March 2016

O que compõe a universalidade do direito à saúde? Quais são os seus desafios diante das crescentes necessidades dos indivíduos em uma sociedade cuja concepção liberal e de escassez de recursos pode reduzir a prestação dos serviços de saúde? Essas e outras questões servem de esteio na análise acurada da autora Edith Maria Barbosa Ramos. A obra, fruto de sua tese de doutoramento junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, traça importante percurso histórico nos textos e declarações jurídicos que proporcionaram ao direito à saúde a categoria de direito humano fundamental.

RAMOS, Edith Maria Barbosa. Universalidade do Direito à Saúde. São Luís: EDUFMA, 2014.