bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Mineral Density at the Time of Initiating Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated With Decreased Fractures in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Lu Huifang , Lei Xiudong , Zhao Hui , Elting Linda , Siricilla Mamatha , Ursani Mohammad Ali , Giordano Sharon H , Suarez-Almazor Maria
Published: January 2021

Women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who receive an aromatase inhibitor (AI) are at risk for fractures. We aim to determine if dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans made at the time of AI initiation are associated with decreased fractures. We retrospectively identified 25,158 women with local or regional breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 who received AI therapy between 2007 and 2013 from the Medicare-linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and Texas Cancer Registry databases. We defined baseline DXA screening using claims made between 1 year before and 6 months after each patient's first AI claim to examine determinants of baseline screening using a multivariable GENMOD model. We included a propensity score adjustment in Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association between time-varying DXA screening and the risk of fractures. Additionally, we compared the use of antiresorptive therapy drugs between the two groups. Of the study cohort, 14,738 (58.6%) received DXA screening. The screening rates increased annually from 52.1% in 2007 to 61.7% in 2013. Higher screening rates were observed in patients with younger age, married status, non-Hispanic white race, localized disease, fewer comorbidities, more than one type of aromatase inhibitor drug claim, no state buy-in (surrogate for low socioeconomic status), higher education level, and prior osteoporosis diagnosis. Baseline DXA screening was associated with decreased risk of subsequent fractures (hazard ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.97, p < .001) after multivariable and propensity score adjustment. Bone-modifying drugs were prescribed to 4440 (30.1%) patients with screening compared with 1766 (16.9%) without (p < .001). Of the 4440 patients who received treatment, 95% received bisphosphonates. Our study demonstrated baseline DXA screening was associated with a decreased risk of fractures and a higher likelihood of receiving antiresorptive therapies. Improvement of the baseline DXA screening is still needed in practice. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Retracted: Two Cu(II)‐based coordination polymers: Treatment activity on diabetic nephropathy via reducing aldose reductase activity and blood glucose concentration
Authors: Zhou Li‐Hua , Huang Ya‐Lian , Lai Shu‐Chang , Chen Zong‐Cun , Chen Xian‐Ying , Ju Feng , Fu Mao‐Xiong
Published: January 2021

Retraction: [Li‐Hua Zhou, Ya‐Lian Huang, Shu‐Chang Lai, Zong‐Cun Chen, Xian‐Ying Chen, Feng Ju, Mao‐Xiong Fu, Two Cu(II)‐based coordination polymers: Treatment activity on diabetic nephropathy via reducing aldose reductase activity and blood glucose concentration, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202000344)].

The above article, published online on 22 January 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Jye‐Shane Yang, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The retraction has been agreed due to major overlap between this article and the following article published in Polyhedron, "Three Co(II) coordination polymers constructed from 2,5‐di(4‐pyridyl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole and V‐shaped dicarboxylic acids: Syntheses, characterizations, structural diversity and optical properties" by Mürsel Arıcıa, Okan Zafer Yeşilela, Necmi Degeb, Volume 163 (2019); 77‐83: doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2019.02.021. Furthermore, investigation of the thermogravimetric and elemental analysis of the materials presented in the article revealed inconsistencies that render the conclusions unreliable.
TNK2 promoted esophageal cancer progression via activating egfr‐akt signaling
Authors: Zhang Anqing , Zhang Rongxin , Yang Zhiming , Tian Rui
Published: January 2021

Background

This study investigated the clinical implication of TNK2 expression in esophageal cancer patients’ cancer tissue samples.

Methods

The expression of TNK2 in esophageal cancer tissues and para‐carcinoma tissue was assessed with immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis; besides, the proteins of CDC42, EGFR, and Akt were also analyzed. Then, Kaplan‐Meier survival curves of TNK2 protein expression level were assayed with 184 esophageal cancer patients from TCGA database. Moreover, with multiple linear regression analysis, we detected the correlations of TNK2 expression associated with tumor differentiation degree and metastasis status.

Results

It revealed that TNK2 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of esophageal cancer tissues compared with para‐carcinoma tissue; besides, the proteins of CDC42, EGFR, and Akt were also up‐regulated in different levels of esophageal cancer tissues. However, there was no significant difference of the overall survival time of TNK2 protein expression in 184 esophageal cancer patients from TCGA database (p = 0.37). But, in the included study samples of our study, there was positive coefficience between TNK2 protein expression and differentiation degree in esophageal cancer with multiple linear regression analysis [R = 0.928, 95% confidence interval (0.085‐0.12)].

Conclusion

Our results indicated that TNK2 was a potential diagnostic marker and promoted esophageal cancer progression through activating EGFR‐AKT signaling.
Third time's the charm or three strikes you're out? An updated review of the efficacy of dolphin‐assisted therapy for autism and developmental disabilities
Authors: Marino Lori , Lilienfeld Scott O.
Published: January 2021

Context

Dolphin‐assisted therapy (DAT) is a popular form of animal‐assisted therapy for autism spectrum disorders and other psychological conditions.

Objective

In this review, our third, we analyze the most recent DAT studies in terms of construct and internal validity criteria to determine if there is empirical support for DAT.

Method

To ensure a systematic review, we searched for peer‐reviewed studies on DAT by submitting relevant search terms to Google Scholar from 2007 to 2020, conducted a further search of all DAT papers in several peer‐reviewed journals, and reviewed reference sections of DAT articles to ensure a thorough review of the literature between 2007 and the present.

Results

The DAT literature continues to be marked by several weaknesses in both internal and construct validity that preclude confident inferences regarding the intervention's efficacy.

Conclusion

There is still insufficient evidence that DAT has therapeutic value.
The role of adult facilitators in arts‐based extracurricular settings: Perceived factors for success of adult–youth relationships
Authors: Chapin Laurie A. , Fowler Michelle A. , Deans Carolyn L.
Published: January 2021

Extracurricular arts programmes and supportive adult relationships provide youth with opportunities for positive development, however, more research about how relationships within these programmes develop and what factors and practices adults use to guide their work would help to improve youth programmes' outcomes. Eight Film Club facilitators at an after‐school film‐making club for students in grades 5 through 8 were interviewed about their perceived their role and what practices they successfully utilised. The semistructured interviews were then thematically analysed. Facilitators perceived the development of authentic and supportive relationships provided a foundation for meaningful learning. Rather than being directive, the facilitators had a collaborative approach to engagement, which allowed for social and emotional learning opportunities and established youth agency. Relationships within creative extracurricular spaces, which are youth‐led and include supportive adult facilitators may provide young people with valuable opportunities for social, emotional and identity development.
Examining measurement equivalency within the Latin American module of the International Civic Competence Study 2009
Authors: Webster Nicole S. , Bowe Anica G.
Published: January 2021

The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) studies are intercontinental studies on the civic education of youth from Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Before we engage in comparative studies on youth from different world regions, we must first establish the equivalency of the scales and items within the databases. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of differential functioning on the Attitudes Towards Neighborhood Diversity 10‐item scale in the Latin American module within the ICCS 2009 database for youth from Colombia, Guatemala, and Chile. We first examined the unidimensionality of the scale within each country by assessing configural invariance. Of countries that demonstrated at least adequate fit for configural invariance, we proceeded to examine differential functioning at the item and scale levels. Findings demonstrated that configural invariance held for Chile and Guatemala only. While differential functioning was present on nine of the 10 items between Chile and Guatemala, in all cases the amounts were negligible. There was no differential functioning on the overall scale. Whilst equivalency holds for certain countries on certain scales, in other cases it did not. Thus scholars may consider scale refinement methods before making comparative analyses.
Silencing of a LIM gene in cotton exhibits enhanced resistance against Apolygus lucorum
Authors: Liang Sijia , Luo Jing , Alariqi Muna , Xu Zhongping , Wang Aoli , Zafar Muhammad Naeem , Ren Jun , Wang Fuqiu , Liu Xuefei , Xin Yanfeng , Xu Haonan , Guo Weifeng , Wang Yanqin , Ma Weihua , Chen Lizhen , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Jin Shuangxia
Published: January 2021

Plant bugs (Miridae species) have become major agricultural pests that cause increasing and severe economic damage. Plant‐mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as an eco‐friendly, efficient, and reliable strategy for pest management. In this study, we isolated and characterized a lethal gene of Apolygus lucorum and named it Apolygus lucorum LIM (AlLIM), which produced A. lucorum mortality rates ranging from 38% to 81%. Downregulation of the AlLIM gene expression in A. lucorum by injection of a double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) led to muscle structural disorganization that resulted in metamorphosis deficiency and increased mortality. Then we constructed a plant expression vector that enabled transgenic cotton to highly and stably express dsRNA of AlLIM (dsAlLIM) by Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation. In the field bioassay, dsAlLIM transgenic cotton was protected from A. lucorum damage with high efficiency, with almost no detectable yield loss. Therefore, our study successfully provides a promising genetically modified strategy to overpower A. lucorum attack.
The role of HDAC11 in obesity‐related metabolic disorders: A critical review
Authors: Yang Hong , Chen Lingling , Sun Qian , Yao Fangyao , Muhammad Saeed , Sun Chao
Published: January 2021

At present, metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, have become the world's top health threats. These diseases are closely related to the abnormal development and function of adipocytes and metabolic inflammation associated with obesity. Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), with a relatively unique structure and function in the HDAC family, plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, migration, and cell death. Currently, research on new key regulatory functions of HDAC11 in metabolic homeostasis is receiving more and more attention, and HDAC11 has also become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and obesity‐related diseases. Here, we summarized the latest literature on the role of HDAC11 in regulating the progress of obesity‐related metabolic disorders.
Quinoline‐Proline, Triazole Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, Antituberculosis, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies
Authors: Ganesan Moorthiamma Sarathy , Raja Kamatchi Kanmani , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Karankumar Banoth , Faheem Faheem , Thirunavukkarasu Sappanimuthu , Shetye Gauri , Ma Rui , Franzblau Scott G. , Wan Baojie , Rajagopal Gurusamy
Published: January 2021

A series of novel quinoline‐proline hybrids (11a‐g) and quinoline‐proline‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (12‐14) were synthesized by click chemistry based on molecular hybridization concept and were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. All the titled target compounds were tested for antitubercular activity by MABA and LORA methods by in vitro. Interestingly, two compounds (2R,4S)‐1‐((2‐cyclopropyl‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐quinolin‐3‐yl)‐methyl)‐4‐(4‐nitrobenzamido)‐N‐phenylpyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (11b) and (2R,4S)‐1‐((2‐cyclopropyl‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐quinolin‐3‐yl)‐methyl)‐4‐(4‐fluorobenzamido)‐N‐phenylpyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (11c) exhibited significant activity against the testedMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv strain. Further, the cytotoxicity (CC50) profile of the titled compounds against the Vero cell was performed and discussed. A molecular docking study of the hit compounds (11band11c) was also performed to find their putative binding interaction with the active site of the target proteins. Finally, in silico ADMET properties were also predicted for all the synthesized molecules to evaluate their drug‐likeness behavior.
Effects of hyaluronic acid and deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen for ridge preservation in compromised extraction sockets
Authors: Lee Jun‐Beom , Chu Seoyoon , Ben Amara Heithem , Song Hyun‐Young , Son Min‐Jung , Lee Jungwon , Kim Hae‐Young , Koo Ki‐Tae , Rhyu In‐Chul
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) soaked with hyaluronic acid (HA) for ridge preservation in compromised extraction sockets.

Methods

Bilateral third, fourth premolars and first molar were hemisected, distal roots were extracted, and then combined endodontic periodontal lesion was induced in the remaining mesial roots. After 4 months, the mesial roots were extracted and the following four treatments were randomly performed: Absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), ACS soaked with HA (ACS+HA), ridge preservation with DBBM‐C covered with a collagen membrane (RP), ridge preservation with DBBM‐C mixed with HA and covered with a collagen membrane (RP+HA). Animals were sacrificed at 1 and 3 months following treatment. Ridge dimensional changes and bone formation were examined using microcomputed tomography, histology, and histomorphometry.

Results

At 1 month, ridge width was significantly higher in the RP and RP+HA groups than in the ACS and ACS+HA groups, while the highest proportion of mineralized bone was observed in ACS+HA group. At 3 months, ridge width remained significantly higher in the RP and RP+HA groups than in the ACS and ACS+HA groups. ACS+HA and RP+HA treatments featured the highest proportion of mineralized bone and bone volume density compared with the other groups. No statistical difference was observed between ACS+HA and RP+HA treatments.

Conclusions

Ridge preservation with the mixture DBBM‐C/HA prevented dimensional shrinkage and improved bone formation in compromised extraction sockets at 1 and 3 months.
Statistical approaches in the analysis of in situ thermo‐Raman spectroscopic data for gypsum as a basis for studying dehydration and phase transformations in crystalline hydrates
Authors: Pankrushina Elizaveta A. , Votyakov Sergey L. , Shchapova Yuliya V.
Published: January 2021

The study of a gypsum single crystal was carried out using in situ thermo‐Raman spectroscopy in the temperature range of 80–870 K. The conventional peak fitting approach was used to qualitatively determine the temperature ranges of gypsum dehydration and phase transitions. The dependence of the intermediate products of gypsum dehydration on the measurement conditions and the state of sample was confirmed. A detailed analysis of the temperature behavior of ν1(SO4) in a single crystal indicated the coexistence of CaSO4·2H2O + γCaSO4 (380–440 K) and γ‐CaSO4 + β‐CaSO4 (680–740 K) phases, which was explained by the reaction front movement in a solid. For the first time, an approach based on statistical algorithms was applied for processing datasets of experimental temperature‐dependent spectra of crystalline hydrates, including the calculation of the Pearson's r coefficient, skewness, ∆corr parameter, based on the autocorrelation function. The use of statistical methods for individual spectral regions made it possible to reveal the temperature differences in the pretransition regions for individual modes or their groups. In particular, the region of ν2(SO4) symmetric bending vibrations of sulfate ions was found sensitive to dehydration and accompanying phase transition at 410 K, beginning at lower temperatures (380 K) as compared with other regions, which is associated with the lack of the hydrogen bond influence on sulfate ions after the loss of water. Thus, statistical approaches are a source of additional information to clarify the quantitative indicators of the observed effects. The use of statistics is promising in the study of multistage processes of dehydration and phase transformations in crystalline hydrates in cases where peak fitting is inconvenient.
The value of endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yim Michael T. , Smith Kristine A. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Orlandi Richard R.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease with significant impacts at both a societal and personal level. There has been an increase in emphasis on patient‐centered care and patient outcomes, with value becoming a commonplace concept in health care systems. This review seeks to better define the value that endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) provides in the treatment of CRS.

Data Sources

PubMed literature review.

Review Methods

A review of published literature related to ESS and its effects on CRS patients from multiple perspectives (quality outcomes, patient satisfaction, cost‐effectiveness) was integrated and analyzed through the viewpoint of a value equation.

Results

ESS provides long‐term quality outcomes in both patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) as well as in objective metrics for patients refractory to medical therapy. The vast majority undergoing ESS are satisfied both in the short and long‐term with their decision to pursue surgery. Treatment of CRS with ESS is generally more cost‐effective than continued medical therapy (CMT), especially in refractory patients. Taken together, the combination of improved outcomes as well as patient satisfaction after ESS in relation to the costs of surgery provides significant quantifiable value to CRS patients.

Conclusion

ESS clearly provides value in the treatment of CRS. Understanding both quality and outcome metrics along with patient expectations and priorities will assist providers in generating a more personalized and value‐based approach to patients with CRS.

Level of Evidence

5.
“I will defend your right to free speech, provided I agree with you”: How social media users react (or not) to online out‐group aggression
Authors: Antonetti Paolo , Crisafulli Benedetta
Published: January 2021

Social networking sites (SNS) routinely ban aggressive users. Such bans are sometimes perceived as a limitation to the right to free speech. While research has examined SNS users' perceptions of online aggression, little is known about how observers make trade‐offs between free speech and the desire to punish aggression. By focusing on reactions to an SNS ban, this study explores under what circumstances users consider the protection of the right to free speech as more important than the suppression of aggression. We propose a model of moderated mediation that explains under what circumstances online aggression increases the acceptance of a ban. When posts display aggression, the ban is less likely to be perceived as violating free speech and as unfair. Consequently, aggression reduces the likelihood that users will protest through negative word of mouth. Moreover, users protest against an SNS ban only when this affects an in‐group user (rather than an out‐group user). This in‐group bias, however, diminishes when an in‐group aggressor targets a high warmth out‐group user. The study raises managerial implications for the effective management of aggressive interactions on SNS and for the persuasive communication of a decision to ban a user engaging in aggressive behavior.
The link between institutional quality, ethical behaviors of firms, and market regulations on stock market developments
Authors: Kuzey Cemil , Uyar Ali , Hamrouni Amal , Kilic Merve , Boussaada Rim
Published: January 2021

This study explores the link between institutional quality, ethical behaviors of firms, and market regulations on stock market developments. The dynamic panel regression analysis and moderation analysis with single‐threshold modeling approaches were exploited to test the hypotheses. The results show that overall institutional quality with its six indicators are significant predictors of stock market development taking into account that they have varying influence on different stock market development proxy. Moreover, moderation analysis showed that the ethical behavior of firms and market regulations mostly acts as a substitute and sometimes acts as a complement for institutional quality in stock market development.
Emerging insights on the role of V‐ATPase in human diseases: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities
Authors: Santos‐Pereira Cátia , Rodrigues Lígia R. , Côrte‐Real Manuela
Published: January 2021

The control of the intracellular pH is vital for the survival of all organisms. Membrane transporters, both at the plasma and intracellular membranes, are key players in maintaining a finely tuned pH balance between intra‐ and extracellular spaces, and therefore in cellular homeostasis. V‐ATPase is a housekeeping ATP‐driven proton pump highly conserved among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This proton pump, which exhibits a complex multisubunit structure based on cell type‐specific isoforms, is essential for pH regulation and for a multitude of ubiquitous and specialized functions. Thus, it is not surprising that V‐ATPase aberrant overexpression, mislocalization, and mutations in V‐ATPase subunit‐encoding genes have been associated with several human diseases. However, the ubiquitous expression of this transporter and the high toxicity driven by its off‐target inhibition, renders V‐ATPase‐directed therapies very challenging and increases the need for selective strategies. Here we review emerging evidence linking V‐ATPase and both inherited and acquired human diseases, explore the therapeutic challenges and opportunities envisaged from recent data, and advance future research avenues. We highlight the importance of V‐ATPases with unique subunit isoform molecular signatures and disease‐associated isoforms to design selective V‐ATPase‐directed therapies. We also discuss the rational design of drug development pipelines and cutting‐edge methodological approaches toward V‐ATPase‐centered drug discovery. Diseases like cancer, osteoporosis, and even fungal infections can benefit from V‐ATPase‐directed therapies.
NAMI calls on Biden administration for mental health support
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2021

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) on Jan. 20 released a statement congratulating President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris on their inauguration. The organization said it looks forward to working with President Biden and his administration to find solutions that help everyone get the help they need.
Total groin defect reconstruction by lymphatic flow‐through (LyFT) pedicled deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap resorting to its superficial veins for lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA): A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar , Fuchs Bruno
Published: January 2021

Extensive surgical removal is often required to treat soft tissue sarcomas. When they are localized in the groin‐upper medial thigh region, the excision is particularly demanding because of the rich lymphatic network and lymph nodes present in that area. The lymphatic vessels with respective lymph nodes draining the whole leg are most of the time inevitably damaged, causing a series of debilitating sequelae such as lymphocele and lymphedema. To prevent these issues, together with the defect coverage, additional lymphovenous anastomoses (LVA) showed encouraging results. Here we present a case of resected groin sarcoma reconstructed by means of pedicled lower deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap combined with multiple LVAs. In particular, the superficial veins of the DIEP flap have been employed as the donor veins for LVAs. A 76‐year‐old patient presented a leiomyosarcoma in the right trigonum femorale which was surgically excised leaving a defect of about 12 cm × 7 cm with exposed femoral vessels and nerves. The remaining defect was then filled with a pedicled DIEP flap, and three leaking lymphatic vessels in the thigh were anastomosed with three branches of a superficial vein originating from the DIEP flap. The postoperative course was uneventful and at 12 months follow‐up no signs of either seroma or lymphocele. This result suggests that the concept of lymphatic flow‐through (LyFT) DIEP flap might be a modern and particularly useful solution for those cases that require both dead space obliteration and lymphatic drainage restoration.
Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Quercetin on High‐Glucose and Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Challenged Vascular Endothelial Cell Metabolism
Authors: Ozyel Besim , Le Gall Gwénaëlle , Needs Paul W. , Kroon Paul A.
Published: January 2021

Scope

Pro‐inflammatory stimuli such as hyperglycemia and cytokines have been shown to negatively affect endothelial cell functions. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of quercetin and its human metabolites to overcome the deleterious effects of hyperglycemic or inflammatory conditions on the vascular endothelium by modulating endothelial cell metabolism.

Methods and results

A metabolomics approach enabled identification and quantification of 27 human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) metabolites. Treatment of HUVECs with high‐glucose concentrations causes significant increases in lactate and glutamate concentrations. Quercetin inhibits glucose‐induced increases in lactate and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and also increased inosine concentrations. Tumor necrosis factor α‐treatment (TNFα) of HUVECs causes increases in asparagine and decreases in aspartate concentrations. Co‐treatment with quercetin reduces pyruvate concentrations compared to TNFα‐only treated controls. Subsequently, it was shown that quercetin and its HUVEC phase‐2 conjugates inhibit adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase and 5′nucleotidase (CD73) but not ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1 (CD39) or purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities.

Conclusion

Quercetin was shown to alter the balance of HUVEC metabolites towards a less inflamed phenotype, both alone and in the presence of pro‐inflammatory stimuli. These changes are consistent with the inhibition of particular enzymes involved in purine metabolism by quercetin and its HUVEC metabolites.
Assessment of Largemouth Bass Growth in Northern Idaho Lakes: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Extrinsic Associations
Authors: Watkins Carson J. , Dux Andrew M.
Published: January 2021

We examined patterns in the somatic growth of populations of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in northern Idaho lakes and modeled its variation to understand how spatiotemporal differences in climate regulate growth in lentic systems. Age was estimated from 768 Largemouth Bass from six distinct populations. Largemouth Bass growth and longevity in northern Idaho was typical to populations at similar latitudes; however, growth was substantially slower than average compared with other populations throughout North America. Mean relative growth estimates of Largemouth Bass for ages 1–8 never exceeded the 25th percentile of the North American average, and relative growth was either stable or slightly increasing as a function of age for most study populations. Annual incremental growth was more variable across years than among populations. Growth tended to be positively related to precipitation during the growing season or mean minimum annual temperature, but the importance of either covariate was dependent on lake surface area. Approximately 50% of the variation in growth of Largemouth Bass was explained by precipitation during the growing season in lakes with a surface area ≤70 ha. In the largest study lakes (i.e., ≥600 ha), over 50% of the variability in incremental growth was attributable to mean minimum annual temperature. Similarity in lake surface area resulted in the most interannual growth synchrony, whereas less synchrony was observed as a function of proximity. We hypothesize that annual climate patterns are not spatially variable enough in northern Idaho to elucidate measurable effects on growth but that local geography may be more important for regulating how climate interacts with Largemouth Bass growth on a regional basis. We interpret our results to mean that the ecology and conservation of Largemouth Bass may benefit from a more complete understanding of the climate–growth relationships on a region-by-region basis, with particular consideration for ecosystem characteristics.
Finite difference technique to solve a problem of generalized thermoelasticity on an annular cylinder under the effect of rotation
Authors: Abd‐Alla Abdelmooty M. , Abo‐Dahab Sayed M. , Kilany Araby A.
Published: January 2021

This article estimates the action of rotation on a generalized thermoelasticity model which contains one thermal relaxation time for an infinitely long, annular, isotropic cylinder with temperature‐dependent physical properties. This is numerically solved using the finite difference technique under the effect of rotation, and the effect of decaying heat flux on the obtained components is graphically presented. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of the various parameters. A comparison between the current results and previous results obtained by others neglecting the new parameters is provided.
On some generalized integral inequalities for functions whose second derivatives in absolute values are convex
Authors: Set Erhan , Ekinci Alper
Published: January 2021

Abstract

In this article, general integral inequalities are obtained for functions whose absolute value of the second derivative is convex. These inequalities are more general versions of some results in the literature and we recaptured these results with the selection of special parameters. In the study, graphs are also used to compare the inequalities that occur with the change of the µ parameter.
Active learning for fellows: The hematopathology “unknown case”
Authors: Aziz‐Bose Rahela , Wertheim Gerald , Kersun Leslie
Published: January 2021

The pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship program at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia set out to create a case‐based learning curriculum for common hematologic malignancies that would apply principles of adult learning theory and improve fellows’ retention of information in a supportive, goal‐oriented learning environment. A framework we employed in developing this curriculum is that of “flow theory,” which parallels many of the tenets of adult learning theory. After implementing this curriculum, which we call “the unknown case,” the percentage of fellows correctly identifying a common hematopathologic diagnosis improved from 50% to 85%.
Estimating the accuracy of pharmacophore‐based detection of cognate receptor‐ligand pairs in the immunoglobulin superfamily
Authors: Gil Nelson , Shrestha Rojan , Fiser Andras
Published: January 2021

Secreted and membrane‐bound members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) encompass a large, diverse array of proteins that play central roles in immune response and neural development, and are implicated in diseases ranging from cancer to rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the potential biomedical benefits of understanding IgSF:IgSF cognate receptor‐ligand interactions, relatively little about them is known at a molecular level, and experimentally probing all possible receptor‐ligand pairs is prohibitively costly. The Protein Ligand Interface Design (ProtLID) algorithm is a computational pharmacophore‐based approach to identify cognate receptor‐ligand pairs that was recently validated in a pilot study on a small set of IgSF complexes. Although ProtLID has shown a success rate of 61% at identifying at least one cognate ligand for a given receptor, it currently lacks any form of confidence measure that can prioritize individual receptor‐ligand predictions to pursue experimentally. In this study, we expanded the application of ProtLID to cover all IgSF complexes with available structural data. In addition, we introduced an approach to estimate the confidence of predictions made by ProtLID based on a statistical analysis of how the ProtLID‐constructed pharmacophore matches the structures of candidate ligands. The confidence score combines the physicochemical compatibility, spatial consistency, and mathematical skewness of the distribution of matches throughout a set of candidate ligands. Our results suggest that a subset of cases meeting stringent confidence criteria will always have at least one successful receptor‐ligand prediction.
Selection for resistance to pyrethroids in the predator Orius laevigatus
Authors: Balanza Virginia , Mendoza José E , Cifuentes Dina , Bielza Pablo
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Insecticide resistance in the natural enemies of pest species is a very desirable trait. It allows better integration of biological control with the synthetic and natural compounds applied to manage certain pests, especially secondary pest outbreaks. Insecticide resistance in predatory insects has been documented for lady beetles and lacewings, but intriguingly no cases of field‐evolved resistance have been noted in any heteropteran predator. In this work, we first explored the variation in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild and commercial populations of Orius laevigatus (Fieber). Second, we exploited this genetic variation to artificially select a strain of O. laevigatus resistant to pyrethroids.

RESULTS

We found significant variation [median lethal dose (LC50) 1.6–77.0 mg L−1] in susceptibility to pyrethroids in wild populations of the heteropteran predator O. laevigatus, with a baseline LC50 value of 14.6 mg L−1. We successfully selected a strain of O. laevigatus highly resistant to pyrethroids (LC50 = 1059.9 mg L−1). In addition, such resistance was expressed in every instar, particularly in the last nymphal stages, increasing the resilience of the whole population present in the crop facing pyrethroid application.

CONCLUSION

The level of resistance achieved may be sufficient to allow survival of adults and nymphs of O. laevigatus exposed to the maximum field rate of several pyrethroids and natural pyrethrins, widely used to control a number of pests in organic and integrated pest management crops. Therefore, this strain resistant to pyrethrins and pyrethroids would improve the resilience of biocontrol protocols, which is an urgent requirement for wider adoption of biological control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of the first glyphosate‐resistant capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) population
Authors: Khalil Yaseen , Ashworth Michael B , Han Heping , Qin Yu , Rocha Roberto L , Pritchard Brent , Cameron David , Beckie Hugh J
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Glyphosate is routinely used in Australia to control the Arctotheca species Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (referred hereinafter as capeweed). This study identifies the first global case of field‐evolved glyphosate‐resistant capeweed, collected from the grainbelt of Western Australia.

RESULTS

In 2020, a capeweed biotype that was collected from Borden in the southern Western Australian grainbelt was confirmed to be glyphosate‐resistant (referred hereinafter as Spence population). When compared to the pooled mortality of six field‐collected, glyphosate susceptible capeweed populations (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6), the Spence population was found > 11‐fold more resistant to glyphosate than the pooled results of the susceptible populations (S1–S6) at the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) level. The growth of the Spence population was also less affected, requiring > 13‐fold more glyphosate to reduce growth than the pooled susceptible populations at the growth reduction of 50% (GR50) level. Sequencing of the plastidic 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene indicated no known single gene mutation imparting glyphosate resistance. This study, however, did not investigate any other known mechanisms that impart glyphosate resistance. When screened at the field‐applied rate, this Spence population was also found to survive an inhibitor of acetolactate synthase (ALS) (metosulam) and an inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (diflufenican).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first confirmation of glyphosate resistance evolution in a capeweed population globally. With capeweed resistance already confirmed to photosystem‐I inhibiting herbicides (paraquat and diquat), this study emphasizes the importance of using integrated measures that do not depend only on the use of non‐selective herbicides for controlling herbicide resistance‐prone capeweed populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
From paradise to prison: The disrupted spatial imaginaries of victimised female British migrants in Australia
Authors: Ridgway Alexandra
Published: January 2021

British migration to Australia may be motivated by the paradisiacal glow in which the country is framed, but personal lives after arrival can upset these pre‐migratory spatial imaginaries, evoking feelings of darkness, doom, horror, isolation, and imprisonment. This article uses two concepts—that of spatial imaginaries and that of biographical disruptions—to unpack the stories of three British migrant women whose idealised expectations of Australia are overturned after each enters a violent marriage with an Australian man. By exploring the similarities of these women's tumultuous marital lives, I reveal how spatial imaginaries can be drastically altered by biographical disruptions that occur within intimate settings, particularly events that are violent in nature. This article highlights the unsolidified, contingent, and relational nature of migrant spatial imaginaries with an emphasis on how the startling, biographically disruptive, and emotionally unsettling nature of intimate partner violence fundamentally shapes the way spaces are viewed.
Multiple modes of action of myricetin in influenza A virus infection
Authors: Sang Huiting , Huang Yingna , Tian Yuanxin , Liu Miaomiao , Chen Liurong , Li Lin , Liu Shuwen , Yang Jie
Published: January 2021

Influenza A virus remains a major threat to public health worldwide after its first pandemic. Scientists keep searching novel anti‐influenza drugs, of which natural products present to be an important source. Myricetin, a natural flavonol compound, which exists in many edible plants, which has a wide range of biological activities, but its anti‐influenza A virus activity is ambiguous. This study aims to evaluate the anti‐influenza activity of myricetin and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that myricetin could significantly inhibit influenza A virus replication, reduce viral polymerase activity via selective inhibition of viral PB2 subunit, and the production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLR3 signaling pathway. The binding affinity analysis and the result of molecular docking revealed that myricetin interacted with the PB2 cap‐binding pocket of influenza A virus. The above results suggested myricetin could exhibit anti‐influenza virus activity with low cytotoxicity as well, and myricetin had low toxicity in BALB/c mice in vivo. Results from this study highlighted myricetin could be considered as a promising anti‐influenza virus agent with dual inhibition profile. Furthermore, the compound with similar structure would provide a new option for the development of novel inhibitors against influenza A virus.
Glycosides of Caulis Lonicerae inhibits the inflammatory proliferation of IL‐1β‐mediated fibroblast‐like synovial cells cocultured with lymphocytes
Authors: Wang Changzhi , Huandike Meiyier , Yang Yingxia , Zhang Huijie , Feng Guiyu , Meng Xiaoying , Zhang Pingxin , Liu Juan , Li Jinyu , Chai Limin
Published: January 2021

Caulis Lonicerae, the dried stem of Lonicera japonica, has been confirmed to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic effects. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the functional mechanism of glycosides extracted from Caulis Lonicerae on the inflammatory proliferation of interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β)‐mediated fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) from rats. Rat FLSs (RSC‐364) co‐cultured with lymphocytes induced by IL‐1β were used as a cell model. Glycosides in a freeze‐dried powder of aqueous extract from Caulis Lonicerae were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. After treatment with glycosides, the inflammatory proliferation of FLS, induced by IL‐1β, decreased significantly. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with glycosides restored the abnormal balance of T cells by intervening in the proliferation and differentiation of helper T (Th) cells. Glycosides also inhibited the activation of Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling pathways by suppressing the protein expression of key molecules in these pathways. Therefore, we concluded that the glycosides of Caulis Lonicerae can intervene in the differentiation of Th cells, suppressing the activation of JAK–STAT and NF‐κB signaling pathways, contributing to the inhibitory effect on inflammatory proliferation of FLS co‐cultured with lymphocytes induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
The effect of repeated cryopreservation and thawing using cryotip on the clinical outcomes of embryos
Authors: Mizobe Yamato , Kuwatsuru Yukari , Kuroki Yuko , Fukumoto Yumiko , Tokudome Mari , Moewaki Harue , Watanabe Mia , Tabira Tatsunori , Iwakawa Tokiko , Takeuchi Kazuhiro
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To compare the clinical outcomes of embryo transfers that were cryopreserved and thawed two or three times with those cryopreserved and thawed once by CryoTip.

Methods

Data for 388 single cryopreserved‐thawed blastocyst transfer cycles, performed from April 2012 to March 2014, were assessed. The blastocysts were classified into three groups: blastocysts (A) cryopreserved once, (B) cryopreserved twice, and (C) cryopreserved three times.

Results

The pregnancy rate was 43.8% (134/306) in group A and 46.3% (38/82) in group B, while the miscarriage rate was 29.1% (39/134) in group A and 23.7% (9/38) in group B. The rate of improvement/maintenance of blastocyst grade was 84.0% (257/306) in group A and 80.5% (66/82) in group B. The pregnancy and miscarriage rates of the blastocysts that showed improvement/maintenance in the grade were 45.9% (118/257) and 29.7% (35/118) in group A and 48.5% (32/66) and 21.9% (7/32) in group B, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 33.3% (2/6), while the miscarriage rate was 0.0% (0/2) in group C.

Conclusions

Pregnancy rates achieved with re‐cryopreserved and rethawed blastocyst transfer were comparable to those achieved with single cryopreserved‐thawed blastocyst transfer.
Dynamic prediction of disease processes based on recurrent history and functional principal component analysis of longitudinal biomarkers: Application for ovarian epithelial cancer
Authors: Hong Yizhou , Su Liwen , Song Siyi , Yan Fangrong
Published: January 2021

Ovarian epithelial cancer is a gynecological tumor with a high risk of recurrence and death. In the clinical diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer, CA125 has become an important indicator of disease burden. To account for patient recurrence and death, a proper method is needed to integrate information from biomarkers and recurrence simultaneously. In the past 10 years, many methods have been proposed for joint modeling of longitudinal biomarkers and survival data, but few of them are applicable to longitudinal data and disease processes, including recurrence and death. In this article, we proposed a new joint frailty model based on functional principal component analysis for dynamic prediction of survival probabilities on the total time scale, which took recurrent history and longitudinal data into account simultaneously. The estimation of the joint frailty model is achieved by maximizing the penalized log‐likelihood function. The simulation results demonstrated the advantages of our method in both discrimination and accuracy under different scenarios. To indicate the method's practicality, it is applied to an actual dataset of patients with ovarian epithelial cancer to predict survival dynamically using longitudinal data of biomarker CA125 and recurrent history data.
Discovery of a New Intermediate Enables One‐Step Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Films via Solvent Engineering
Authors: Hu Chen , Shivarudraiah Sunil B. , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Halpert Jonathan E. , Yang Shihe
Published: January 2021

Bromide‐based organo‐metal halide perovskites have shown great potential for use in tandem solar cells (SCs), light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors. Herein, a new protocol using a one‐step deposition method for producing formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskites is reported, which features a solvent‐engineered intermediate phase to achieve superior films. For the first time, a FABr–PbBr2–DMSO intermediate is identified and single crystals of the same intermediate compound are synthesized. A systematic investigation of phase evolution in the film formation process reveals that DMSO enables crystallization of the FABr–PbBr2–DMSO intermediate and thus modulates the crystallization process of FAPbBr3 perovskite, achieving uniform, smooth films with Volmer–Weber morphology. To prevent hole leakage arising from the larger bandgap of FAPbBr3 than FAPbI3, an additional layer of Mg‐doped ZnO nanoparticles is added. As a result, inverted SCs using these solvent engineered films achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 9.06%, the highest reported efficiency for inverted FAPbBr3 perovskite devices.
Stabilizing Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Precursor Solution with Phenylboric Acid
Authors: Chen Chen , Rao Yi , Li Zhipeng , Wang Xiao , Cui Guanglei , Wang Wei , Pang Shuping
Published: January 2021

The instability of the perovskite precursor solution seriously affects the purity of the perovskite films, which is one of the key factors for the low reproducibility for highly efficient devices. Formamidinium‐based perovskite with more suitable spectral absorption range and higher thermal stability has become the mainstream material. However, the side reactions in pure formamidinium lead iodide solution have not been fully revealed. Herein, it is demonstrated that self‐condensation of formamidinium iodide occurs to form the by‐product s‐triazine, and its content increases with the aging time of the solution. It is also discovered that phenylboric acid (PBA) can effectively inhibit the self‐condensation reaction and the content of the s‐triazine is decreased by more than 95% in the solution aging at 60 °C for 7 days. The PBA used as the stabilizer not only enhances purity and decreases defect density of the perovskite films but also strongly enhances the reproducibility for highly efficient perovskite solar cells.