bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hukum Islam Indonesia sebagai Role Model Islam Nusantara
Authors: Salenda Kasjim
Published: January 2018

This paper analyzes the distinction of Islamic law in Indonesia as a role model of Indonesian Islam (Islam Nusantara). The underlying question is that what are the disticntions of Indonesian Islamic law which can be a role model for Indonesian Islam. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characteristics of Islamic law in Indonesia as well as to elaborate the distinctiveness of Indonesian Islam as a role model. It is showed that Islamic law in Indonesia has been well integrated into Indonesian culture and Indonesian legislations. Indonesian Islam (Islam Nusantara) initiated by Nahdatul Ulama shows its capacities to accommodate local wisdom (culture) and Islamic law, so that there is no conflict among them. It is peaceful, pluralistic and egalitarian approach, and there will be �role model� for Islamic civilization.
Peran Pemikiran Heuristik pada Hubungan Persepsi Sosial dengan Munculnya Sikap terhadap Ide Penegakkan Khilafah Islamiyah di Indonesia
Authors: Mayasari Ros
Published: January 2018

The spread of the idea of application of Khilafah Islamiyah (Islamic Caliphate) emerges zealously over the last few years. This phenomenon occurs especially among the younger generation. Through a quantitative approach, this research examines the theoretical model of the relationship between the need to reject the uncertainty, the social perception of the reality of a society and democratic practices, bias heuristic thinking and the attitude towards the idea of the application of khilafah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Data processed by regression analysis with 245 respondents. Based on the test results of the regression analysis, theoretical models did not fit with the data. Researchers propose a new theoretical model that does not involve variable need of uncertainty avoidance. The �bias-heuristic variable� thinking proves to be an alternative mediator variable in the relationship between social perception of reality of a society, and democratic emergence and attitudes toward the idea of khilafah Islamiyah. For further research, suggested using SEM analysis. Researchers recommended the need to develop and construct the critical thinking among the younger generation, so they become more critical in addressing ideas tend to be radical
Pluralism Based Religious Education for Deradicalization of Religion
Authors: Rohman Abdul
Published: January 2018

Radicalism has recently become a phenomenon. Violences in some areas of Indonesia is a proof. These violences are caused by the conflict that is be partly due to a plurality. These problems have to be overcome in order to shape the unity of the nation. This study will discuss the role of schools in developing the diversity of students in response to the religious plurality in society, which will be focused on how the curriculum is constructed, teaching-learning is done, as well as how the teacher and student�s understanding on religious pluralism is, as a result of the education process. With a qualitative research, a case study in SMA Madania Bogor West Java, this study shows that school with a pluralistic based religious education, fits for internalizing the values of pluralism, in turn forming tolerances and inclusiveness.
Radicalism on World Wide Web and Propaganda Strategy
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin
Published: January 2018

Radical individual and organizations are setting strong foothold on Internet. They operate in dark network hidden from authorities view to pursuade, recruit, and coordinate radical and violent actions. The presence of radical individual and organizations onInternet sites have caused massive debate and contraversi among Internet users, law enforcement bodies,and policy makers regarding misuse of Internet. However, little is known how exactly radical individual and organizations deliver their propaganda on Internet and what radical organizations practice such activities on Internet. Through the use of content analysis approach, this study analyzed various radical websites content to provide deep insight of radical operation and propaganda on Internet. Data was collected from various popular radical organization websites and previous studies. The findings show that well-kown organized radical and terorist oragnizations in Indonesia and International have intensively used Internet for new arena to radical and terror public across the globe. They use Internet topursuade, deliver propaganda to a global audience, recruit new members, communicate with international supporters, solicit donations, and fostering public awareness. This study concludes that Internet has become a new instrument to spread radicalism and terror within community life.
Praktik Ekonomi Islam pada Komunitas Keagamaan di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Pabbajah Mustaqim
Published: January 2018

This article aims to explain the implementation of the Islamic economic system in the process and practice of community empowerment by selecting the An-Nadzir religious community in South Sulawesi as the basis for its analysis. In this case An-Nadzir developed as an independent religious community with the application of Islamic economics in social-economic life. This research is done by qualitative data collection, then presented in descriptive analysis. In the era of the ASEAN economic community and the current global economic competition, various forms of strategy and implementation of the economic system need to be done. One is the implementation of Islamic economics with the empowerment of society as a practical offer. This is endeavourmust be implemented through the empowerement the middle to lower community in order to create a strong, creative, and more independent society. The social-economic empowerment of religious communities is one of the bids as an alternative to implementing the Islamic economic system.
Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Gorontalo
Authors: Sofhian Sofhian
Published: January 2018

This paper is inspired by the practice of helping the people of Gorontalo called it �Huyula�. The huyula are aimed to enhence solidarity among fellow community to mutually share the burden when facing problems, including economic issues. The author focuses on the incorporation of the huyulapractice to theBaitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) system. This article aims to provide motivation for practitioners of financial institutions particularly the islamic financial institutions, in this case the Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) in order to increase productivity and cost savings. Because the practice of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) with Huyula cultural practices have a common goal which is helping.The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of Gorontalonese symboliccultural indigenous locus:�Culture is basedshariah and the shariah is based on the Qur�an�. This study finds out that practice of thehuyulaamong the Gorontalonese is genuinely compatible with the implementation of Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT).
Praktik Murabahah pada Perbankan Syariah di Kendari
Authors: Kalsum Ummi
Published: January 2018

This study aims to determine the murabahah financing practices in Islamic banking with a case study in Kendari Branch BMI. This research employs the qualitative research and descriptive explorative research by implementing interview technique, observation and documentation. The collected data then processed and analysed by step reduction, presentation and conclusion. The approach used in this research is normative juridical. The results show that the determination of the law murabahah based on Muslim scholars judgement (ijma�) because Muslims have been practicing since the first trading murabahah. Murabahah must not conflict with sharia and regulated in Law No.21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking and fatwas DSN-MUI related to murabahah. While based on the results of research in the field of murabahah financing practiced in Kendari Branch BMI is generally in accordance with the provisions set forth by Law No.21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking and DSN MUI fatwas both in terms of the parties, the contract murabahah contract pillars, steps murabaha applicable on Islamic banking in Indonesia and some provisions relating to the financing murabaha.
Measuring The Accomodation of Sharia Principles in Determining the Pricing of Consumer Financing Products of BSM (Sharia Mandiri Bank)
Authors: Syaparuddin Syaparuddin
Published: January 2018

This study is intended to evaluate the pricing determination of consumer financing products of BSM, so that the customers can find out if BSM provides a treatment of installment payments on consumer financing products in accordance with sharia principles. In establishing the pricing on consumer financing products, BSM uses two methods, namely: the annuity method and the proportional (flat) method. The Construction of pricing on the consumer financing products in BSM is based on: (a) the total of installment payment per-month, it is based on financing platfond, percentage of margin, and period of time, (b) the principal installment payment per-month, it is based on total of principal installment payment per-month, and margin, (c) the installment payament of profit margin per-month, it is based on platfond, principal, and percentage of margin. The pricing used by BSM needs to be revitalized because (a) there is a profit return factor for customers, (b) containing a gharar element, and (c) using the paradigm of conventional bank in setting pricing.
Religious Activities and Empowerment : Sustainable Livelihood Framework Approach In Enhancing The Desa Luworo Potencies
Authors: Fitrianto Achmad Room
Published: January 2018

The marginality and governmental alignments are the two main issues in community development. The role of Tengkulak Rentenir, and Pengijon are significant in Luworo Village. Not only as a financial provider, they also play as connector among the peasant farmer and market. As a result the farmer receipts their selling agricultural productions below market prices. In order to support and giving additional value to their agricultural products an assistance program involving a female Islamic study group of Masjid Al-Hidayah conducted. The assistance activities conducted through SLF approach. The five phases of SLF are: identifying vulnerability; mapping the livelihood assets owned by the community; observing transforming structures and processes; and identifying livelihood strategies and formulating livelihood outcomes.
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa
Published: January 2018

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh budaya organisasi dan kompetensi terhadap motivasi; budaya organisasi dan kompetensi secara langsung pada kinerja; motivasi pada kinerja; dan budaya organisasi dan kompetensi kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi kerja bank syariah di Gorontalo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi budaya organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Sedangkan kompetensi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan; Motivasi memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja; Dan budaya dan kompetensi organisasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui motivasi. Studi ini merekomendasikan agar penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai substansi yang sama dalam lingkup yang lebih luas di tingkat organisasi lainnya harus diperhitungkan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengembangan kontribusi budaya organisasi yang lebih komprehensif dan kompetensi terhadap motivasi dan kinerja karyawan perbankan syariah dan kepemimpinan perbankan syariah.
Communication Strategies to Prevent Terrorist Group�s Radical Ideology and Doctrine within Islamic Universities at Central Sulawesi
Authors: Khairil Muhammad
Published: January 2018

The development of terrorist groups continues to undergo metamorphosis through the transformation of the communication network and radicalism doctrine. This phenomenon makes affiliation efforts with radical groups, including building networks in the higher education. Radical Ideas easily penetrate campuses and universities. The vulnerability is not only seen from a psycho-social approach alone, but also as in instrument or media that outspread hatred and violence that designed to fit campus lifestyle. Some of the ways are such as books, magazines, bulletins, internet and social media networks. Universities can formulate appropriate and effective communication strategies as an effort in de-radicalisation, indoctrination, and de-ideologisation. Altering Islamic stigma as a terrorist religion and eliminating the image of Indonesia as implementing the teachings of Islam substantively according to Indonesian Islamic localities can do a terrorist country. Islam penetrated and developed in Indonesia not based on violence or religious radicalism, but by reflecting the spirit of Islam as the religion of blessing to the world (rahmatan lil alamin).
Professor Dr. Aminul Islam
Authors: Fattah Quazi Abdul
Published: January 2018

Abstract not availableJournal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2017
Treatment of Reactive Dye Containing Textile Wastewater using Microwave Assisted Synthesized Poly(Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride)
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Rana Masud , Nasreen Zinia , Hossain Md Mainul , Sharmin Ayesha
Published: January 2018

Results on the applicability of microwave assisted synthesized poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) in reactive dye containing textile wastewater treatment are reported. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) have been characterized by spectral means. The microwave assisted synthesized polyDADMAC has shown some effectiveness in textile wastewater treatment. COD removal efficiency of actual textile wastewater is below 30% whereas the standard dye sample shows about 50-60% COD removal efficiency. TDS and TSS also decreased after treatment of the wastewater with polyDADMAC.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 2, 165-174, 2017
Probabilistic Assessment of Crack Failure of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) Cladding Material
Authors: Sohel Shamsul Huda , Hossain Md Al Amin , Datta Debashis , Huq Md Fazlul
Published: January 2018

To design a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV), material property like crack must be considered as it is an unavoidable property of materials. Presence of crack in materials must be kept within limit to prevent material’s failure. So, crack propagation must be analyzed and observed. In this paper, crack propagation due to stress and materials fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel cladding has been observed to estimate cumulative probability of crack failure using Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics (PFM). Average crack size is guessed as 3 mm and geometry factor is considered as 1.12 to analyze edge crack. Final crack analysis range has been found to be 1.8 mm with crack propagation rate of ± 30% of its average size. Variation of critical crack size and crack initiation point for several design stresses and fracture toughness has been investigated with probabilistic fracture mechanics technique. The observed crack propagation by calculating final crack size and the cumulative crack failure probability of the reactor pressure vessel materials are presented in this work.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 2, 237-245, 2017
Maternal Near Miss: An Indicator for Maternal Health and Maternal Care
Authors: Begum Kohinoor
Published: January 2018

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(1): 1-3
Patients’ Profile Regarding Physiatric Management of Facial Palsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chakraborty Prasanta Kumar , Islam Md Jahidul , Hossain Md Shahadat , Hasan Md Nadimul , Khandker Md Nazmul Hasan , Uddin ASM Minhaj
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Facial palsy is commonly treated by various physical therapy strategies and devices, but there are many questions about the profile of patients with facial nerve palsy. The aim of the study was to outline profile of patients with facial palsy receiving Physiatric management.Materials and Methods: A retrospective hospital recordsbased study was carried out at the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) in National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS&H), Dhaka for the period of two year from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2015.Results: Total 5240 patients were studied, of which 58.87% were male and 41.13% were female. Maximum patients Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 36, No. 1, January 2018 (26.58%) belong to 31-40 years of age. Maximum patients (72.36%) came from Dhaka city and most of the studied patients were housewife (31.68%). Largest disease group was Bell’s palsy (56.2%). Regarding disease pattern, 61.18% of patients peripheral nervous system (PNS) and 38.82% central nervous system (CNS) condition. Among etiologies of Facial palsy, 56.2% Bell’s palsy, 36.95% stroke, 3.40% Guillain-Barre’ syndrome, 2% traumatic, 0.52% were Ramsay-Hunt syndrome.Conclusion: Profile of patients should be considered for Physiatric management of Facial nerve palsy.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(1): 16-19
Latest Evidence on Using Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Menopause
Authors: Akter Mst Jesmin , Shirin Eliza
Published: January 2018

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective therapy of menopausal symptoms for perimenopausal and menopausal women. When HRT is individually tailored women gain maximum advantages and the risk are minimized. There are different types of hormones with different doses and different routes of delivery exist. . The use of HRT is an individual decision which women can only make once she has been given correct information and advice from healthcare professionals. HRT should be recommended in women with premature ovarian insufficiency with advice to continue until the average age of menopause at 51.4 years. This review item promotes confidence in prescribing HRT in most symptomatic women. Prescribing HRT in women with relative contraindication where evidence is limited. Quality of life is priority. Multidisciplinary approach may be necessary and informed written consent documented.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(1): 26-32
Effect of Substrates on the Dynamic Properties of Inkjet-Printed Ag Thin Films
Authors: Kim Deokman , Kwak Yunsang , Park Junhong
Published: January 2018

The dynamic properties of inkjet-printed Ag thin films on flexible substrates were measured using flexural wave propagation. The Ag nanoparticle suspension was inkjet-printed on polyimide (PI), silicon wafer, and glass. The effects of flexible substrates on the dynamic properties of the films were investigated. Beam-shaped Ag-printed substrates were fabricated by pico-second laser pulse cutting. The wave approach was presented to analyze the vibrations of the thin film on the substrates. The Young’s modulus and loss factor of the Ag thin films with the substrates were represented by the combined bending stiffness of the bilayer beam. The vibration response of the base-excited cantilever was measured using an accelerometer and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Vibration transfers were analyzed to obtain dynamic characteristics of the Ag-printed bilayer beam. The substrate affects the reduction of the Ag thin film thickness during the sintering process and surface roughness of the film. The proposed method based on the wave approach allows measurement of the dynamic properties regardless of the ratio of the modulus between the thin film and substrate.
Early and Late Onset Side Effects of Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Borgia Francesco , Giuffrida Roberta , Caradonna Emanuela , Vaccaro Mario , Guarneri Fabrizio , Cannavò Serafinella
Published: January 2018

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment successfully used for neoplastic, inflammatory and infectious skin diseases. One of its strengths is represented by the high safety profile, even in elderly and/or immuno-depressed subjects. PDT, however, may induce early and late onset side effects. Erythema, pain, burns, edema, itching, desquamation, and pustular formation, often in association with each other, are frequently observed in course of exposure to the light source and in the hours/days immediately after the therapy. In particular, pain is a clinically relevant short-term complication that also reduces long-term patient satisfaction. Rare complications are urticaria, contact dermatitis at the site of application of the photosensitizer, and erosive pustular dermatosis. Debated is the relationship between PDT and carcinogenesis: the eruptive appearance of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in previously treated areas has been correlated to a condition of local and/or systemic immunosuppression or to the selection of PDT-resistant SCC. Here we review the literature, with particular emphasis to the pathogenic hypotheses underlying these observations.
Non-trivial Factors as Determinants of the Environmental Taxation Revenues in 27 EU Countries
Authors: Castiglione Concetta , Infante Davide , Smirnova Janna
Published: January 2018

The implementation of environmental taxation is one of the most important issues of environmental policy in Europe. To approach this matter, the paper aims to analyse the determinants of environmental taxation revenue for European countries. Besides investigating the most explored determinants, such as those related to production, consumption and environmental quality, particular attention is paid to some non-trivial factors. Firstly, we analyse the importance of the institutional context that is crucial for policy enforcement. Secondly, we consider the consumption of rapidly obsolescent goods, such as information and communication technology (ICT) goods characterised by intensive waste generation. Finally, the importation of final goods as a consequence of production offshoring is taken into account. The results demonstrate that the above-mentioned determinants have a heterogeneous impact on environmental taxation revenue in EU Western countries and EU Eastern countries, which can be due to a still weak institutional context of the latter economies and their peculiar patterns of development.
Ground-Based Remote Sensing and Imaging of Volcanic Gases and Quantitative Determination of Multi-Species Emission Fluxes
Authors: Platt Ulrich , Bobrowski Nicole , Butz Andre
Published: January 2018

The physical and chemical structure and the spatial evolution of volcanic plumes are of great interest since they influence the Earth’s atmospheric composition and the climate. Equally important is the monitoring of the abundance and emission patterns of volcanic gases, which gives insight into processes in the Earth’s interior that are difficult to access otherwise. Here, we review spectroscopic approaches (from ultra-violet to thermal infra-red) to determine multi-species emissions and to quantify gas fluxes. Particular attention is given to the emerging field of plume imaging and quantitative image interpretation. Here UV SO2 cameras paved the way but several other promising techniques are under study and development. We also give a brief summary of a series of initial applications of fast imaging techniques for volcanological research.
Monitoring a Landslide with High Accuracy by Total Station: A DTM-Based Model to Correct for the Atmospheric Effects
Authors: Artese Serena , Perrelli Michele
Published: January 2018

For the monitoring of large landslides, total stations equipped with an Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) are widely used. To obtain the atmospheric parameters, required along the line of sight of every measure, the data collected by a weather station close to the instrument are usually adopted. Even after these corrections, the results obtained in the monitoring of areas with complex topography don’t reach the accuracies theoretically attainable by the high-end instruments. The article proposes a method for removing the errors due to the influence of microclimate on the measurements obtained by a high-end EDM, in order to get the maximum accuracy obtainable from such instruments. The method is based on an atmospheric model, set up by using the climatic data and a digital terrain model (DTM) of the landslide area. The methodology has been applied to a landslide in southern Italy. Over 38,000 distances, acquired for each monitored point, were used. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method: the standard deviations of the distances after their correction, show a reduction, ranging from 20% to 50%, with respect to the most diffused procedures; furthermore, the obtained accuracy equals the one declared by the manufacturer of the instrument for measurements in optimal conditions.
State-of-the-Art Review of Railway Track Resilience Monitoring
Authors: Ngamkhanong Chayut , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Costa Bruno
Published: January 2018

In recent years, railway systems have played a significant role in transportation systems due to the demand increase in conveying both cargo and passengers. Due to the harsh environments and severe loading conditions, caused by the traffic growth, heavier axles and vehicles and increase in speed, railway tracks are at risk of degradation and failure. Condition monitoring has been widely used to support the health assessment of civil engineering structures and infrastructures. In this context, it was adopted as a powerful tool for an objective assessment of the railway track behaviour by enabling real-time data collection, inspection and detection of structural degradation. According to relevant literature, a number of sensors can be used to monitor track behaviour during the train passing under harsh environments. This paper presents a review of sensors used for structural monitoring of railway track infrastructure, as well as their application to sense the performance of different track components during extreme events. The insight into track monitoring for railways serving traffic with extreme features will not only improve the track inspection and damage detection but also enable a predictive track maintenance regime in order to assist the decision-making process towards more cost-effective management in the railway industry.
Estimating Full Regional Skeletal Muscle Fibre Orientation from B-Mode Ultrasound Images Using Convolutional, Residual, and Deconvolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Cunningham Ryan , Sánchez María , May Gregory , Loram Ian
Published: January 2018

This paper presents an investigation into the feasibility of using deep learning methods for developing arbitrary full spatial resolution regression analysis of B-mode ultrasound images of human skeletal muscle. In this study, we focus on full spatial analysis of muscle fibre orientation, since there is an existing body of work with which to compare results. Previous attempts to automatically estimate fibre orientation from ultrasound are not adequate, often requiring manual region selection, feature engineering, providing low-resolution estimations (one angle per muscle) and deep muscles are often not attempted. We build upon our previous work in which automatic segmentation was used with plain convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep residual convolutional network (ResNet) architectures, to predict a low-resolution map of fibre orientation in extracted muscle regions. Here, we use deconvolutions and max-unpooling (DCNN) to regularise and improve predicted fibre orientation maps for the entire image, including deep muscles, removing the need for automatic segmentation and we compare our results with the CNN and ResNet, as well as a previously established feature engineering method, on the same task. Dynamic ultrasound images sequences of the calf muscles were acquired (25 Hz) from 8 healthy volunteers (4 male, ages: 25–36, median 30). A combination of expert annotation and interpolation/extrapolation provided labels of regional fibre orientation for each image. Neural networks (CNN, ResNet, DCNN) were then trained both with and without dropout using leave one out cross-validation. Our results demonstrated robust estimation of full spatial fibre orientation within approximately 6° error, which was an improvement on previous methods.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Polycrystalline SnSe via LaCl3 Doping
Authors: Li Fu , Wang Wenting , Ge Zhen-Hua , Zheng Zhuanghao , Luo Jingting , Fan Ping , Li Bo
Published: January 2018

LaCl3 doped polycrystalline SnSe was synthesized by combining mechanical alloying (MA) process with spark plasma sintering (SPS). It is found that the electrical conductivity is enhanced after doping due to the increased carrier concentration and carrier mobility, resulting in optimization of the power factor at 750 K combing with a large Seebeck coefficient over 300 Μvk−1. Meanwhile, all the samples exhibit lower thermal conductivity below 1.0 W/mK in the whole measured temperature. The lattice thermal conductivity for the doped samples was reduced, which effectively suppressed the increscent of the total thermal conductivity because of the improved electrical conductivity. As a result, a ZT value of 0.55 has been achieved for the composition of SnSe-1.0 wt % LaCl3 at 750 K, which is nearly four times higher than the undoped one and reveals that rare earth element is an effective dopant for optimization of the thermoelectric properties of SnSe.
Evaluation of Irradiation Hardening of P92 Steel under Ar Ion Irradiation
Authors: Li Qingshan , Shen Yinzhong , Zhu Jun , Huang Xi , Shang Zhongxia
Published: January 2018

P92 steel was irradiated with Ar ion up to 10 dpa at 200, 400, and 700 °C. The effect of Ar ion irradiation on hardness was investigated with nanoindentation tests and microstructure analyses. It was observed that irradiation-induced hardening occurred in the steel after Ar ion irradiation at all three temperatures to 10 dpa. The steel exhibited significant hardening at 200 and 700 °C, and slight hardening at 400 °C under Ar ion irradiation. Difference in the magnitude of irradiation-induced hardening at different temperature in the steel is attributed to different changes in the microstructure of the steel that arose from the irradiation. Irradiation-induced hardening in the P92 steel irradiated at 200 °C is attributed to the occurrence of both dislocation loops and other fine irradiation defects during irradiation. Slight hardening in the steel irradiated at 400 °C mainly arises from the annihilation of defect clusters at this temperature. The occurrence of fine Ar bubbles with high number density during the Ar ion irradiation at 700 °C resulted in the significant hardening in the steel.
Coumarin: A Natural, Privileged and Versatile Scaffold for Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Stefanachi Angela , Leonetti Francesco , Pisani Leonardo , Catto Marco , Carotti Angelo
Published: January 2018

Many naturally occurring substances, traditionally used in popular medicines around the world, contain the coumarin moiety. Coumarin represents a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemists, because of its peculiar physicochemical features, and the versatile and easy synthetic transformation into a large variety of functionalized coumarins. As a consequence, a huge number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and tested to address many pharmacological targets in a selective way, e.g., selective enzyme inhibitors, and more recently, a number of selected targets (multitarget ligands) involved in multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this review an overview of the most recent synthetic pathways leading to mono- and polyfunctionalized coumarins will be presented, along with the main biological pathways of their biosynthesis and metabolic transformations. The many existing and recent reviews in the field prompted us to make some drastic selections, and therefore, the review is focused on monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase, and aromatase inhibitors, and on multitarget coumarins acting on selected targets of neurodegenerative diseases.
Metal-Incorporated Mesoporous Silicates: Tunable Catalytic Properties and Applications
Authors: Ramanathan Anand , Subramaniam Bala
Published: January 2018

A relatively new class of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silicates, KIT-6, incorporated with Earth-abundant metals such as Zr, Nb, and W (termed as M-KIT-6), show remarkable tunability of acidity and metal dispersion depending on the metal content, type, and synthetic method. The metal-incorporation is carried out using one-pot synthesis procedures that are amenable to easy scale-up. By such tuning, M-KIT-6 catalysts are shown to provide remarkable activity and selectivity in industrially-significant reactions, such as alcohol dehydration, ethylene epoxidation, and metathesis of 2-butene and ethylene. We review how the catalytic properties of M-KIT-6 materials may be tailored depending on the application to optimize performance.
Giving Voice to the Medically Under-Served: A Qualitative Co-Production Approach to Explore Patient Medicine Experiences and Improve Services to Marginalized Communities
Authors: Latif Asam , Tariq Sana , Abbasi Nasa , Mandane Baguiasri
Published: January 2018

Background: With an aging population, the appropriate, effective and safe use of medicines is a global health priority. However, “‘medically under-served” patients continue to experience significant inequalities around access to healthcare services. Aim: This study forms part of a wider project to co-develop and evaluate a digital educational intervention for community pharmacy. The aim of this paper is to explore the medicine needs of patients from marginalized communities and suggest practical way on how services could be better tailored to their requirements. Method: Following ethical approval, qualitative data was gathered from: (1) workshops with patients and professionals (n = 57 attendees); and (2) qualitative semi-structured interviews (10 patients and 10 pharmacists). Results: Our findings revealed that patients from marginalized communities reported poor management of their medical conditions and significant problems with adherence to prescribed medicines. Their experience of pharmacy services was found to be variable with many experiencing discrimination or disadvantage as a result of their status. Discussion: This study highlights the plight of medically under-served communities and the need for policy makers to tailor services to an individual’s needs and circumstances. Furthermore, patients and professionals can work in collaboration using a co-production approach to develop educational interventions for pharmacy service improvements.
Ship Classification Based on MSHOG Feature and Task-Driven Dictionary Learning with Structured Incoherent Constraints in SAR Images
Authors: Lin Huiping , Song Shengli , Yang Jian
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we present a novel method for ship classification in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The proposed method consists of feature extraction and classifier training. Inspired by SAR-HOG feature in automatic target recognition, we first design a novel feature named MSHOG by improving SAR-HOG, adapting it to ship classification, and employing manifold learning to achieve dimensionality reduction. Then, we train the classifier and dictionary jointly in task-driven dictionary learning (TDDL) framework. To further improve the performance of TDDL, we enforce structured incoherent constraints on it and develop an efficient algorithm for solving corresponding optimization problem. Extensive experiments performed on two datasets with TerraSAR-X images demonstrate that the proposed method, MSHOG feature and TDDL with structured incoherent constraints, outperforms other existing methods and achieves state-of-art performance.
Strategic Self-Presentation of Women in STEM
Authors: Garr-Schultz Alexandra , Gardner Wendi L.
Published: January 2018

Despite a plethora of initiatives and a surge of research activity, women remain under-represented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines (National Science Foundation 2017). While much research has focused on ways to recruit women into these disciplines, less work has explored the strategies women use to navigate these contexts once they have entered. In a set of two experimental studies, we investigate women’s potential response strategies to the well-documented tension between female and STEM attributes in terms of individual self-presentation. In Study 1 (N = 240), we examine whether female STEM professionals have different impression goals when introducing themselves to professional peers versus a group of other women. In Study 2 (N = 169), we extend our inquiry to include self-presentation behavior as well as intentions. Across studies, we find that female STEM professionals hold different impression goals based on the audience with whom and context in which they expect to interact. These intentions align with actual self-introduction behavior, as observed in written self-introductions. Tuning one’s self-presentation, however, leads participants to feel less authentic. This work highlights one way women in male-dominated STEM contexts may navigate and strategically communicate their female and STEM identities to others, as well as the personal implications of doing so.
Discourse from #TheRealUW: What Tweets Say about Racial Concerns at a Predominately White Institution
Authors: Vachuska Karl , Brudvig Jack
Published: January 2018

In March 2016, after a series of hate crimes victimized students of color on campus, students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison started #TheRealUW movement against racism on campus. In order to exemplify racism on campus, students of color took to social media to share personal experiences and opinions on racism, affixing “#TheRealUW” to their posts. In this article, we analyze what students of color on the social media site, Twitter, spoke about and took issue against. The plurality of #TheRealUW tweets centered primarily on instances of subtle or explicit verbal racism. These experiences had impacted a variety of aspects of students of color’s lives, including mental health, housing, access to spaces, and overall quality of education. Students also discussed isolation, marginalized representation in the University’s decisions, and their relationship with authority. The many tweets clearly demonstrate the breadth of racism at predominately white institutions and indicate that inequality of peer and faculty social resources, opportunities, and experiences is a significant perpetuator of a variety of forms of racial inequality at predominately white institutions, but that racism in institutional and systemic forms is also an area of concern for students.
Higher Spin Extension of Fefferman-Graham Construction
Authors: Bekaert Xavier , Grigoriev Maxim , Skvortsov Evgeny
Published: January 2018

Fefferman-Graham ambient construction can be formulated as sp ( 2 ) -algebra relations on three Hamiltonian constraint functions on ambient space. This formulation admits a simple extension that leads to higher-spin fields, both conformal gauge fields and usual massless fields on anti-de Sitter spacetime. For the bulk version of the system, we study its possible on-shell version which is formally consistent and reproduces conformal higher-spin fields on the boundary. Interpretation of the proposed on-shell version crucially depends on the choice of the functional class. Although the choice leading to fully interacting higher-spin theory in the bulk is not known, we demonstrate that the system has a vacuum solution describing general higher-spin flat backgrounds. Moreover, we propose a functional class such that the system describes propagation of higher-spin fields over any higher-spin flat background, reproducing all the structures that determine the known nonlinear higher-spin equations.
Quelques aspects des finances bourguignonnes en 1437
Authors: Deneuville Daniel
Published: January 2018

Daniel Deneuville, "Some aspects of the Burgundian finances in 1437".

The study of the account books of the General Collectorship of all the finances of the Burgundian State is not devoid of interest. Not only it allows to come to a closer knowledge of the wealth, and of the financial power of the "Grand Duché d'Occident", but it also tells us the weight which every Burgundian state had reached within it. In particular, it shows the importance such a region as Flanders, and more widely speaking the countries "on this side" as opposed to those "beyond", had acquired for the Valois Dukes of Burgundy. Moreover, the analysis of those documents enables us to understand the working of such an organism as the General Collectorship of all the finances, and even to get a dim sight of the overall working of the Burgundian financial system. Lastly, it could provide informations which, at a local level, or for certain regions, or again with regard to the financial destination of the subsidies and spendings, are far from being negligible, and which could prove to be an essential material for some other type of study.
L'activité judiciaire de la Maréchaussée de Flandres (1679-1790)
Authors: Lorgnier Jacques , Martinage Renée
Published: January 2018

Jacques Lorgnier et Renée Martinage, "The judiciary activity of the Flanders "maréchaussée" (1679-1790)".

Created in 1679, the "maréchaussée de Flandres et de Hainaut" was entrusted with police and judiciary powers. We have studied its judiciary activity through the study of the minutes of trials kept in the Municipal Archives of Lille.

The function of the "maréchaussée" is to try the cases which deserve a swift punishment without the priviledge of the appeal, notably certain cases of robbery, the repression of which represents one third of its activity. It is also competent when the crimes have been committed by people of the lower classes such as beggars and vagrants who constitute 60% of its clientele.

A justice of exception, though not an exceptionnal justice in the ordinary meaning, the provost jurisdiction is above all the court of the wretched and of the marginals whom it sentences with dispatch but without any serious breach of procedure. It is hardly more repressive than the courts of criminal law.
Edmond de Coussemaker (1805-1876), pionnier de la musicologie française
Authors: Pistone Daniele
Published: January 2018

Danièle Pistone, "Edmond de Coussemaker (1805-1876) pionier van Franse muziekwetenschap".

E. de Coussemaker is afkomstig uit het noorden van Frankrijk en is zijn streek steeds trouw gebleven. Hij is een van de eerste Franse musicologen die overigens nieuwe gronden heeft ontgonnen : de middeleeuwse muziek en de volksmuziek. Hij was zowel toondichter, theoreticus als groot bewonderaar van de historische werken van zijn voorgangers. Hij bekleedt nog steeds een belan- grijke plaats wegens de méthode die hij ontwikkelde en de zorg waarmee hij muzikale wedersamen- stellingen uitvoerde.
La condition des instituteurs au début du Second Empire : l'exemple de l'arrondissement d'Arras
Authors: Hubscher Ronald
Published: January 2018

Vers 1850 dans les campagnes du Pas-de-Calais, la condition d'instituteur n'a rien d'enviable et présente de nombreux archaïsmes.

Enseignants sans moyens, les maîtres qui ne sont pas encore de véritables "professionnels", doivent travailler dans des locaux vétustés, exigus, avec un matériel pédagogique disparate et incomplet. On fait confiance à leur "débrouillardise" pour le fonctionnement de la classe.

Ils sont isolés face à des municipalités peu coopératives car soucieuses de leurs deniers, face à des parents peu motivés et peu fortunés, face enfin au curé dont ils subissent la tutelle.

A cela s'ajoute une situation matérielle très médiocre : les maîtres d'école sont des besogneux qui présentent un certain nombre de traits propres aux milieux populaires (incidence des charges familiales, drame de la vieillesse). Aussi quitte-t-on volontiers cet état. Ce phénomène joint à l'absence d'esprit de corps explique que les instituteurs ne forment pas encore à cette date un véritable groupe socio-professionnel.
Un modèle de scénographie urbaine : l'exemple des Pays-Bas bourguignons au XVe siècle
Authors: Lecuppre-Desjardin Elodie
Published: January 2018

Etudiées trop souvent pour leurs simples aspects esthétiques, les cérémonies bourguignonnes ne se limitent pas à une incroyable débauche de luxe, mais constituent la pièce maîtresse des politiques de communication ducale. A ce titre, l'espace urbain, véritable « théâtre » des opérations, dans ses dimensions architecturale et humaine, s'intègre parfaitement dans le dialogue du prince et de la ville, diffusant autant de messages qu'il existe de strates sociales.
1790 : la formation du personnel des administrations de district. L'exemple du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Leuwers Hervé
Published: January 2018

Hervé Leuwers, De vorming van het administratieve personeel voor de districten. Het voorbeeld van Noordfrankrijk.

De Vorming van het personeel voor 16 administraties in het district van het Noorden en Pas-de-Calais, in juli 1790, lijkt een mengsel te zijn van traditie en nieu- wigheden. Het lokale belang van de administratieve hervorming en het nationale in verband met de regeneratie maken dat de kiezer patriotten verkiest, die gewoonlijk al een gemeentelijk mandaat hebben of kiesman zijn. Die nieuwe mannen blijken doorgaans tot de traditionele gemeentelijke elite te behoren als edelen, bestuurders, advokaten of handelaars. Binnen die groep halen vooral de stadsbewoners en de gerechtsdienaars het voor de vaste posten in het district. Dat sukses is het uitgangspunt van een reflectie over de keuzecriteria en de manier waarop men hun politieke en administratieve verantwoordelijkheid zag.
Antiquariat et notabilité : l'inscription des érudits locaux dans les élites urbaines du Nord de la France au XIXe siècle
Authors: Parsis-Barubé Odile
Published: January 2018

Odile Parsis-Barube, Antique Scholarship and Notability : the Situation of Local Scholars within the Urban Elites of Northern France in the XIXth century.

The institutionalization, wished for by Guizot, of the Antiquarian movement around learned societies specialized in history and archaeology, links the local scholar to the city, even if XIXth century literature contributes to cast of him the image of an ermit living away from the turmoil and from the circles of urban sociability.

This paper is restricted to the geographic framework of the Somme, Pas-de-Calais and Nord departments and raises the question of the belonging of the local scholars to the region's urban elites. This question is looked at from two main angles.

That first of the social ranking of the members of the learned societies : the light is cast on the persistence of a strong representation of the former privileged orders and on the importance of the involvement in scholarship of the law trades. This first part permits to emphasize a de facto elitism, established on the recognition of a standard of education and/or of wealth, as well as on the recognition of the wielding of authority in the professional and civil areas.

Then that of the representations that the Antique scholars attempt, in each city, to give of themselves. The analysis bears on the system of references on which the group establishes its consciousness to belong to the urban elites and its distance with the common people. This claimed elitism, which is superimposed on the elitism identified through the prosopographical study, finds its privileged mode of expression in the reception speeches and the obituaries that learned societies grant their members.