bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viabahn Open Rebranching Technique combined with hybrid debranching technique help preventing renal artery obliteration and renal dysfunction aggravation in the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Hua , Zhang Li-Wei , Wu Meng-Tao , Song Chao , Yeung Kak Khee , Feng Xiang , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

Hybrid debranching technique combined with conventional open surgery and endovascular repair was an effective treatment for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). We propose a new technique to reduce the time of RA anastomosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The hybrid staged operation procedure was evaluated in the period of 2013 and 2017 in three academic centers. The bilateral renal artery anastomosis in the experimental group used VORTEC technique. In the control group, the bilateral renal artery reconstruction was performed by conventional artificial blood vessel anastomosis. Primary outcome was technical success, the time of renal artery anastomosis, and major complications. Long term follow-up up to 7 years was evaluated as well.

RESULTS:

In total 57 patients were enrolled. Compared with the control group, there was a statistical difference in the mean time of left RA anastomosing (19.8 vs 4.6 min, p<0.001) and the right RA anastomosing (20.5 vs 4.6 min, p<0.001) in the experimental group. While the aggravation of renal dysfunction occurred in 12 patients in 1 year after the stage surgery, and there was a statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group (4 vs 8, p=0.025).

CONCLUSION:

The VORTEC technique could help reducing the time of RA anastomosing and get lower complication rate and better effect during long-term follow up.
The “legacy” of the 125I-fibrinogen test and current management of isolated calf vein thrombosis
Authors: Nicolaides Andrew N. , Kakkos S. K.
Published: December 2021

Prior to 1970 the true incidence of postoperative dep vein thrombosis (DVT) was unknown, although surgeons were aware that pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 1-4% of patients. The development of the 125I-Fibrinogen test in the 1970s provided a means of screening surgical patients and demonstrated that the incidence of silent DVT varied from 17-47% depending on age, type and duration of operation. Only 4-6% of the patients with DVT developed symptoms. It has now been realised that although symptomatic isolated calf DVT is rarely associated with fatal PE, it produces local damage to venous valves with the development of reflux and post-thrombotic syndrome in 10-23% of patients and has a recurrence rate of 14%. In recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of patients with symptomatic isolated calf DVT anticoagulation therapy up to 3 months reduces the incidence of recurrent DVT from 7.9% to 1.65% (RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.10-0.67). When anticoagulation period of 3 months was compared with 6 weeks it reduced the incidence of DVT from 14.4% to 4.8% (RR 0.32; 95% CI 0.16-0.64) Current guidelines of European Society of Vascular Surgery are as follows: “For patients with symptomatic calf DVT 3 months therapy is recommended over shorter durations (Class 1, Level A).
Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020
Authors: Gupta Nivedita , Praharaj Ira , Bhatnagar Tarun , Vivian Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley , Giri Sidhartha , Chauhan Himanshu , Kulkarni Sanket , Murhekar Manoj , Singh Sujeet , Gangakhedkar Raman R. , Bhargava Balram
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics.

Methods:

SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis.

Results:

A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel.

Interpretation & conclusions:

COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts.
Strategic planning to augment the testing capacity for COVID-19 in India
Authors: Gupta Nivedita , Bhatnagar Tarun , Rade Kiran , Murhekar Manoj , Gangakhedkar Raman R. , Nagar Anu
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

Nearly 5,500 tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been conducted on March 31, 2020 across the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-approved public and private laboratories in India. Given the need to rapidly increase testing coverage, we undertook an exercise to explore and quantify interventions to increase the daily real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based testing capacity over the next few months. The objective of this exercise was to prepare a potential plan to scale-up COVID-19 testing in India in the public sector.

Methods:

Potential increase in daily testing capacity of the existing public laboratories was calculated across the three base scenarios of shifts (9, 16 and 24 h). Additional testing capacity was added for each shift scenario based on interventions ranging from procurement of additional qRT-PCR machines, leveraging spare capacity on available qRT-PCR machines not drafted into COVID-19 testing, to in-laboratory process optimization efforts.

Results:

Moving to a 24 h working model in the existing approved laboratories can enhance the daily testing capacity to 40,464 tests/day. The capacity can be further bolstered by leveraging qRT-PCR and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-based machines available with the Multidisciplinary Research Units (MRUs), National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) and National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP). Using combination/multiplex kits, and provision of automated RNA extraction platforms at all laboratories could also optimize run time and contribute to capacity increase by 1.5-2 times.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Adopting these interventions could help increase public sector's daily testing capacity to nearly 100,000-120,000 tests/day. It is important to note that utilization of the scaled-up testing capacity will require deployment of additional workforce, procurement of corresponding commodities for testing and scale-up of sample collection and transportation efforts.
A study of hyperhomocysteinemia in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Singh Varun K. , Misra Usha Kant
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

Vegetarianism may result in low vitamin B12 and acquired hyperhomocysteinemia leading to thrombotic conditions such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The clinico-radiological presentation and outcome of patients with hyperhomocysteinemia may be different from those without, but there is a paucity of information. This study was undertaken to find out the relationship of homocysteine (Hcy) with vitamin B12, folic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation in the patients with CVST, and compare clinico-radiological severity and outcome of patients with and without hyperhomocysteinemia.

Methods:

Ninety-six CVST patients in whom Hcy level was measured, were included, and their risk factors and neurological, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR venography findings were noted. They were evaluated for prothrombotic conditions including Hcy, vitamin B12, folic acid and MTHFR 677C→T mutation. Three month outcome was categorized as death, poor and good.

Results:

Seventy three per cent patients had risk factors; hyperhomocysteinemia in 52.1 per cent, protein S deficiency in 47.8 per cent, protein C deficiency in 19.4 per cent, MTHFR 677C→T mutation in 30.7 per cent, antinuclear antibody 11 per cent, and Factor V Leiden mutation in two per cent each. Thirty two per cent patients with hyperhomocysteinemia had no other thrombotic cause, and 22 per cent of them had either vitamin B12 and or folic acid deficiency only. The patients with hyperhomocysteinemia more frequently had vitamin B12 deficiency (70 vs. 13%), MTHFR 677C→T mutation (47.5 vs. 9.1%) and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (78 vs. 56.5%) than normal Hcy group. The clinico-radiological severity and outcome were similar.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Hyperhomocysteinemia was an important correctable risk factor of CVST in patients from northern India, and majority of them had either low vitamin B12 level or MTHFR mutation.
Safety assessment of RhD-positive red cell transfusion in RhD-negative liver-transplant recipients
Authors: Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Arora Dinesh , Aggarwal Geet , Dara Ravi C. , Bhardwaj Gunjan , Sharma Jyoti , Vohra Vijay , Soin Arvinder Singh
Published: December 2021

Background & objectives:

The number of blood components required during a liver-transplant surgery is significant. It is challenging for blood transfusion services to provide the required RhD-negative red blood cells (RBCs) for recipients during the peri-operative period. This retrospective study presents safety data of transfusing RhD-positive RBCs in RhD-negative living donor liver-transplant (LDLT) recipients during the peri-operative period with six-month follow up for risk of developing alloantibodies.

Methods:

All RhD-negative patients who underwent LDLT and were transfused ABO-compatible but RhD-positive RBC units between January 2012 and May 2018 were included in the study. Twenty one RhD-negative patients who received a total of 167 RhD-positive RBCs peri-operatively were chosen for alloantibody screening. All the patients were started on triple immunosuppression drugs as per the standard hospital protocol. Blood grouping, cross-match and antibody screening were done by column agglutination technique.

Results:

Post-transplant antibody screen (weekly for 12 wk) was negative, and none of the patients developed anti-D alloantibodies till their last follow up (mean 21 months).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our observations suggest that it may be safe to use RhD-positive RBCs peri-operatively in RhD-negative LDLT recipients with low risk of alloimmunization.
Frequency of psychiatric comorbid symptoms in bipolar disorder patients in remission
Authors: Koul Aarshie , Shetty A. Siddharth
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Psychiatric comorbidity has been detected in one-third of bipolar patients. The illness itself may be a precipitating factor for developing substance use and anxiety disorders. Comorbid anxiety disorders with bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with decreased chances of recovery, poorer role functioning, and quality of life, and greater likelihood of suicide attempts. Hence, identifying comorbid symptoms in remitting patients has important preventive and therapeutic implications.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of psychiatric comorbid symptoms in patients of bipolar affective disorder in remission and to identify its relationship with sociodemographic variables.

Methodology:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Father Muller Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore (April 2019–July 2019), which included 90 patients aged 18–50 years with BD, manic, or depressive episodes in remission for 8 weeks who were evaluated using mini international neuropsychiatric interview plus, Hamilton rating scale for depression, and young mania rating scale. Sociodemographic details were assessed by a semi-structured pro forma. The data were analyzed using frequency, Chi-square test, and t-test.

Results:

Most common psychiatry comorbid symptoms seen in BD were found to be drug dependence/abuse (n = 31), second most common being alcohol dependence/abuse (n = 21), followed by suicidality (n = 8), antisocial personality, social phobia, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Significance was found for suicidality, agoraphobia, and social phobia if the last episode was depressive and for suicidality if index episode was depressive and if age of onset was >40 years.

Conclusion:

Psychiatric comorbidities in BD may worsen the course and prognosis of the disorder and hence, clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for them. Furthermore, comorbidities may need to be identified and appropriate interventions employed to prevent iatrogenic complications.
Evaluation of relationship between stress and periodontal disease in different professional college students
Authors: Kolaparthy Lakshmi Kanth , Kota Bharathi , Marella Yamuna , Kondraganti Radhika , Cheni Gopinath , Dhulipalla Ravindranath
Published: December 2021

Background:

To evaluate the association between stress and periodontitis in different professional college students.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted in 360 professional college students which includes Medical, Dental, Pharmacy, Nursing, Engineering, and Chartered Accountancy. From each group, 60 students were included in the study. Self-reported Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale questionnaire was given to all the students and clinical examination was conducted in all the participants to assess the Oral hygiene index - simplified (OHI-S), clinical attachment level (CAL), and Gingival Index Simplified (GI-S).

Statistical Analysis:

Statistics was performed using the ANOVA test, post hoc test, and Pearson correlation test to compare the psychological parameter of stress with periodontal parameters among six groups of students. P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

Group I showed higher mean stress scores (10.78 ± 0.76) compared to other groups. The mean OHI-S (1.61 ± 0.15), mean CAL (3.68 ± 0.79), and mean GI-S (1.43 ± 0.15) scores also increased with elevated stress levels among medical students. Followed by Group VI and Group II showed almost similar results.

Conclusion:

The present study showed strong association between stress and periodontal disease and have an adverse effect over oral hygiene factors among the students.
Functional Outcome of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Fracture Neck Femur
Authors: Rai Gaurav , Naugraiya Tarun , Karoria Arvind
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The femoral neck fracture continues to be unsolved fractures, and the guidelines for management are still evolving. Hip fractures are common injuries, especially seen in the elderly in the emergency setting. It is also seen in young patients who perform in athletics or high-energy trauma. Immediate diagnosis and management are required to prevent complications.

Materials and Methods:

The retrospective study was done who were admitted and underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the past 5 years.

Results:

The highest mortality was when the surgery was delayed for more than 2 months after injury. A delay of few days did not lead to increased mortality compared to other series, and cemented hemiarthroplasty does not lead to significant long-term cognitive impairment, the increasing time after surgery, there was an increasing proportion of patients with painful hip, and almost 80% of patients at the end of 5 years had poor outcome.

Conclusion:

The majority of the cases of fracture neck of femur in elderly was due to fall on ground indicating them to be a fragility fracture. Most of the patients were not able to squat and sit cross legged which is an important social requirement in Indian subcontinent. Hemiarthroplasty was not a good surgery for patients who have a longer life expectancy.
Proximal Fibular Osteotomy - A Novel Technique for Surgical Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis and its Application in the Indian Scenario
Authors: Nandi Ritwika , Rahman Mahboobur , Das Pinaki , Nandi Sujit Narayan
Published: December 2021

Background:

Knee osteoarthritis is a significant cause of functional restriction among the Indian population. In the initial stages when patients present with isolated medial compartment changes, the surgical options in the inventory are few. The scarcity of a simple yet cost-effective procedure has contributed to the growing popularity of isolated proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) since its inception. This study aims to evaluate the outcome among patients who underwent PFO for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty patients with medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were treated with PFO from December 2017 to December 2020. Patient particulars and intra-operative parameters were recorded. The postintervention functional outcome was evaluated by comparing the preoperative Oxford Knee Score (OKS) with that reported postoperatively.

Results:

The mean age of the patients included in the study was 48.20 years, with a male: Female ratio of 1.8:1. Sixty-eight percent cases presented with Kellgren–Lawrence Stage III. The patients were followed for a mean of 18.18 months after the procedure. The preoperative, 1-month, 2-month, and 6-month OKS were 24.76 ± 2.63, 33.34 ± 3.84, 39.36 ± 4.65, and 43.02 ± 4.66, respectively. At 6 months postsurgery, 82% of patients were in the satisfactory functional score range (40–48). The most commonly observed complication was superficial peroneal nerve palsy.

Conclusion:

Despite the simple technique, PFO has been associated with good outcomes and lesser complications. Selection of patients and placement of the osteotomy site are crucial for the success of the procedure. The present study revealed that patients irrespective of their age, gender, or stage of the disease would benefit from the procedure.
Psychological Burden on Cancer Patients and their Caregivers During COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Nagarkar Raj , Patil Roshankumar , Gadade Kavita , Paleja Nishtha , Bhamre Rasika , Ramesh Yasam Venkata
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Psychological burden is a serious issue facing by the cancer patients and their caregivers (CGs) around the world during the pandemic situations such as COVID-19. In the present study, we assessed the psychological burden on cancer patients and their CGs during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

The study was done using standardized questionnaire of the most validated scales - perceived stress scale and the caregiver strain index.

Results:

A total of 334 patients and 257 CGs participated in the present study. Majority of the patients experienced moderate to high level of stress (n = 239 [72%]), while CGs experienced a high level of strain (n = 132 [52%]). In the patient's cohort, stress was dependent significantly on education (p < 0.01), gender (p < 0.05), on active treatment (p < 0.001), and surgery (p < 0.05). Among CGs, strain was significantly affected by less education CGs (p < 0.001), patients more on active treatment (p < 0.01), and more primary gastrointestinal tumors (p < 0.01). From multivariate analysis of pandemic-specific factors, difficulty in transportation (p < 0.01) and increased financial burden (p < 0.05) were found to be significant influencing factors affecting the stress level of patients.

Conclusion:

To overcome the psychological burden due to lockdown, we suggest the initiation of psychosocial caring in all the necessary patients and their CGs to demonstrate its benefits in the long term.
Depression, Posttraumatic Stress, and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Chang Fu-Shun , Chou Hui-Ying , Tai Yueh-Ming , Yang Szu-Nian
Published: December 2021

Background:

Symptoms of poststress traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are intertwined in suicide ideation (SI) in military personnel. The interpersonal psychological theory (IPT) of suicide is proposed that the presence of thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB) produces the desire for suicide. To clarify the putative moderating effect of IPT on the complex-mediated moderation relationship among symptoms of soldiers' PTSD, depression, and SI, we did a cross-section study through recruiting military personnel in three camps in northern Taiwan.

Methods:

We recruited 759 active-duty soldiers (male: female = 579: 180) from three troops in northern Taiwan. They were asked to fill out copies of questionnaire according to their current two-week situation for our analyzing the study data.

Results:

In this study, we found that the pathway from soldiers' PTSD symptom to SI was positively and significantly mediated through their depression (p < 0.001), and that the pathway from their PTSD to depression was positively and significantly moderated by both PB (p < 0.05) and thwarted belongingness (p < 0.05). Comparing with male counterparts, the female soldiers, although significantly and relatively younger in age (p < 0.001), suffered from significantly higher levels of depression (p < 0.05) without significant sex difference in the magnitudes of PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion:

This study revealed the moderating effects of IPT on the pathway from PTSD to depression and SI among soldiers. Sex difference, although is subtle, can be essential in military suicide prevention and treatments for cases with PTSD symptoms.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and its Coping
Authors: Halder Susmita , Mahato Akash Kumar , Samajdar Shinjini
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The coronavirus disease pandemic has been posing as a serious health hazard with high mortality risks along with global disastrous economic consequences. A pervasive and long-term impact of the pandemic on mental health has been expected and reported in literature. It is vital to study its nature and whether there has been any change in the impact perception and coping of people toward the COVID pandemic after a year it started.

Methods:

The study was conducted in two phases, with a gap of one year in between the phases. The present study produced the findings of second phase, which was basically a follow-up after one year. Totally, 100 consenting participants of both sex from the pool of first phase (n = 625) who agreed for follow-up assessment were re-assessed to see the changes in psychological impact of COVID pandemic and their coping using the Psychological Impact and Coping in COVID Pandemic Questionnaire.

Results:

The psychological coping of the participants significantly lowered from the first phase to the second phase (22.09 ± 3.44 vs. 20.02 ± 3.37, t = 3.75, p < 0.001). Under domain category, psychological coping showed significant lowering in male student participants (21.67 ± 3.50 vs. 19.09 ± 3.35, t = 3.001, p < 0.01) and in female student participants (22.37 ± 3.43 vs. 20.26 ± 3.43, t = 3.2, p < 0.01) from the first to the second phase. Young-aged adults had significantly lowered in psychological coping (22.50 ± 3.15 vs. 19.26 ± 3.72, t = 4.4 p < 0.001) from the first to the second phase. No change in psychological impact on the participants existed, across first to second phase, in the domain for age and sex.

Conclusion:

The psychological impact of the pandemic was reduced but not conclusively after a year of the COVID pandemic, and the coping was poorer after a year, especially in young adults. The continuation of the pandemic with a persistent increase in infection and mortality numbers and uncertainty over treatment and vaccination is to maintain the phenomenon and needs to be controlled to limit secondary long-term mental issues in the population.
Role of Esophagectomy after Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Analysis Stratified by Clinical Response to Chemoradiation Therapy
Authors: Yu Jesang , Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Sung-Bae , Park Sook Ryun , Kim Young-Hee , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Lee Hyun Joo , Song Ho June , Song Kye Jin , Jang Jeong Yun , Jo Yoon Young , Yoo Ye Jin
Published: December 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by comparing the chemoradiotherapy (CRT)-only group and the trimodality treatment (TMT) group who received concurrent CRT followed by surgery.Materials and MethodsWe included 412 operable ESCC patients treated with TMT or CRT between January 2005 and December 2015. The oncological outcomes of the two groups were compared using a weighted Cox proportional-hazards model with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ResultsThe median survival time was 64 and 32 months in the TMT (n=270) and CRT (n=142) groups, respectively (p < 0.001). After IPTW, the median overall survival (OS) remained significantly higher in the TMT group than in the CRT group (61 months vs. 32 months, p=0.016). Moreover, the TMT group showed a better local recurrence-free rate (LRFR, p < 0.001) and distant metastasis-free rate (p=0.007). In the subgroup of patients with clinical complete response (cCR), the OS was not significantly different between the two groups, both before and after IPTW adjustment (p=0.35 and p=0.93). However, among non-cCR patients, the OS was significantly higher in the TMT group (64% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). ConclusionIn patients with locally advanced ESCC, TMT was superior to CRT in terms of OS and LRFR. Such difference was more prominent in the non-cCR subgroup. In patients who achieved cCR, esophagectomy was effective in improving LRFR but not OS, suggesting that esophagectomy may be omitted in complete responders.
Impact of Semi-Annual Albendazole on Lymphatic Filariasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: Parasitological Assessment after 14 Rounds of Community Treatment
Authors: Pion Sébastien D. S. , Chesnais Cédric B. , Weil Gary J. , Louya Frédéric , Boussinesq Michel , Missamou François
Published: December 2021

Between October 2012 and October 2015, we conducted a community trial to assess the impact of semi-annual (twice yearly) community treatment with albendazole on lymphatic filariasis in Seke Pembe, a village in the Republic of the Congo. Semi-annual community treatment with albendazole has been continued in the community since October 2015. We conducted an additional parasitological assessment survey in October 2019, 6 months after the 14th round of semi-annual treatment. Between October 2012 and October 2015, Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia and microfilaremia rates in the community had decreased from 17.3% to 4.7% and from 5.3% to 0.3%, respectively. In October 2019, the antigenemia rate had decreased further to 2.8% (19 of 687). No microfilariae were found in night blood smears from persons with circulating filarial antigenemia (0 of 16), suggesting that W. bancrofti transmission has been interrupted in Seke Pembe. Semi-annual albendazole treatments also reduced significantly infection rates with soil-transmitted helminths.
Heterotopiczna koegzystencja żywych i umarłych we współczesnej prozie irańskiej
Authors: Rakowiecka-Asgari Karolina
Published: December 2021

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię śladów tradycyjnych wzorców kulturowych współistnienia żywych i umarłych we współczesnej prozie irańskiej. Analizując struktury heterotopii w dwóch powieściach napisanych przez kobiety, tj. Tubā va ma’nā-ye šab (Tuba i znaczenie nocy) autorstwa Šahrnuš Pārsipur i Kouli-ye kenār-e ātaš (Cyganka przy ogniu) pióra Moniru Ravānipur, wykazano wagę literackiego potencjału reprezentacji przestrzeni oraz metafor w tożsamościowym dyskursie kobiet i przepracowywaniu traumatycznych doświadczeń oraz innych problemów społeczeństwa w okresie przejścia od tradycyjnej struktury do nowoczesnego indywidualizmu.

Heterotopic Coexistence of the Living and the Dead in Contemporary Iranian Fiction
The paper addresses the issue of the traces of traditional cultural patterns of coexistence of the living and the dead in Iranian fiction by analyzing the structure of the heterotopies in two novels by female writers, namely Tuba and the Meaning of Night (Tubā va ma’nā-ye šab) by Šahrnuš Pārsipur and Gypsy by the Fire (Kouli-ye kenār-e ātaš) by Moniru Ravānipur. It also acknowledges the literary potential of spatial representation and metaphors in women’s identity discourse and the reframing of traumatizing experiences, as well as other problems of society in transition between the traditional social structure and modern individualism.
Rozwód Georges’a Du Roy w Bel-Ami Guy de Maupassanta w kontekście zmian we francuskim ustawodawstwie rozwodowym drugiej połowy XIX wieku
Authors: Bańczyk Alicja
Published: December 2021

Wpisując się w aktualny ruch prawniczy i literacki, artykuł skupia się na literackim przedstawieniu zmian w postępowaniu rozwodowym w dziewiętnastowiecznej Francji na podstawie powieści Guy de Maupassanta Bel-Ami. Napisana w 1885 roku książka w bardzo realis-tyczny sposób przedstawia proces rozwodowy oparty na winie, tak jak wyglądał on w momencie jej powstania. We wstępie pokrótce omawiam ewolucję francuskiego postępowaniarozwodowego w XVIII i XIX wieku i jego końcowy rezultat: legalizację rozwodu wprowadzoną w 1884 roku. Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, ta rewolucyjna zmiana prawa rozwodowego wpłynęła na treść powieści i sposób, w jaki Guy de Maupassant przedstawił zakończenie małżeństwa, a także próbę zweryfikowania, czy ten obraz odzwierciedla ówczesną rzeczywistość prawną.

Georges du Roy’s Divorce in Guy de Maupassant Novel Bel-Ami in the Context of French Divorce Legislation Changes in the Second Half of the 19th Century
Fitting into the current law and literature movement, the article focuses on the literary depiction of changes within divorce proceedings in nineteenth-century France based on Guy de Maupassant’s novel Bel-Ami. Written in 1885, the book depicts, in a highly realistic manner, fault-based divorce proceedings at the time of its creation. In the introduction, I briefly touch upon the evolution of the French divorce proceedings throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and its final outcome: the legalisation of a dissolution of marriage in 1884. The article attempts to answer the question how that revolutionary change of the divorce law influenced the novel’s content and how Guy de Maupassant depicted the dissolution of marriage in his work, and to verify if this depiction reflects legal reality.
Roztańczone słowa. Potencjał teatralny sceny balu w dramacie Romeo i Julia Williama Szekspira. Część 1
Authors: Romanowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Funkcja tańca w sztukach Szekspira, jak w całej kulturze renesansu, ma swoje korzenie w starożytności, w której taniec symbolizował zgodę i harmonię odzwierciedlającą kosmiczne ruchy ciał niebieskich. W tym kontekście znaczenie tańca w scenie balowej na początku Romea i Julii jawi się jako fascynujący materiał do przestudiowania pod kątem teatralnego potencjału tekstu tego dramatu. W analizowanej scenie muzyka i taniec pełnią funkcję symboliczną, której celem jest podkreślenie dramatycznej ironii, realizowanej przez połączenie języka retoryki i choreografii z bogatym, sformalizowanym językiem poetyckim i sytuacją balową jako kluczowymi elementami fabuły. Takie połączenie otwiera szereg możliwych interpretacji teatralnych, a każda decyzja ma duży wpływ na znaczenie tego epizodu dramatu. W artykule scena balu została przeanalizowana z perspektywy literackiej, dramatycznej i historycznej. Realizację jej teatralnego potencjału ilustrują wybrane interpretacje sceniczne, które świadczą o kluczowej roli tej sceny w proponowaniu możliwych interpretacji całej tragedii.

Dancing Words. Theatrical Potential of the Ball Scene in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Part I

The function of dance in Shakespeare’s plays, as in all Renaissance culture, has its roots in antiquity, in which dance symbolized concord and harmony that reflected the cosmic movements of celestial bodies. In this context the significance of dance in the ball scene at the beginning of Romeo and Juliet presents itself as a fascinating material to be studied from the perspective of the theatrical potential of the dramatic text. In this scene, music and dance play a symbolical role the aim of which is to highlight the dramatic irony realized by the fusion of rhetorical language and choreography, with the rich formalized poetic language and the ball situation as the key elements of the plot. This fusion opens a range of possible theatrical interpretations, each decision having a major influence on the meaning of this episode. In the article the ball scene is analyzed from the literary, dramatic and historical perspective. The realization of its theatrical potential is illustrated with chosen stage interpretations which prove this scene’s crucial role in suggesting possible interpretations of the whole tragedy.
Asset or Burden: The Ethical Calculus of Care in Ulaanbaatar’s Urban Margins
Authors: Empson Rebecca , Fox Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

How do family relations change in the move from rural to urban living? What are the impacts of ur­banisation on the domestic? Drawing on the ethnography of two families on the outskirts of Mongo­lia’s capital, Ulaanbaatar, this chapter tackles the intersections of urbanisation and intergenerational care, charting the effects of rural-urban migration on family lives. Although their family structures differ, Tuya and Duya each find themselves shouldering the burden of being urban female breadwin­ners. To navigate conditions of profound economic precarity, they approach their families through a lens of economic-cum-moral strategizing, which we term a form of ‘ethical calculus’. In the city, money becomes synonymous with care and family members are categorised according to a scale of asset-to-burden based on their capacity to support or increase the breadwinner’s load. A focus on the work involved in such forms of care reveals a qualitatively different approach to family ties in ur­ban Mongolia that pulls people in two directions. The first is the reconfiguration of marginal popu­lations’ relationship with the state to one that equates care with money. The second is the atomising pressure that life on Ulaanbaatar’s margins puts on the hopes and capacities of household members.
What is Visible and What Is Hidden. Cultural Landscape of Kizhinga Town: Between Local Native Traditions and State Ideology
Authors: Jawłowski Albert
Published: December 2021

The author refers to the elements of cultural landscape (natural and architectural objects) of Russian town, Kizhinga. The most important questions he tries to answer are: how can places, objects and spaces coming from different symbolic orders create a coherent cultural space and how have the meanings and connotations of local spatial forms changed? What is the result of the clash between local native traditions and state ideology, 20th century Soviet style modernization, and attempts to recreate traditions and ethno-cultural identity in a small-town space at the turn of the 21st century.
Australijsko-chiński handel towarowy w kontekście RCEP i wojny handlowej – diagnoza i perspektywy rozwoju
Authors: Pangsy-Kania Sylwia , Kania Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Australian-Chinese goods trade in the context of the RCEP and the trade war – diagnosis and development prospects
The aim of this article is to analyze changes in merchandise bilateral trade relationships between Australia and China in the years of 2000–2020. Particular attention was paid to the importance of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the trade war in response to Austalia’s call for an international inquiry into China’s handling of the coronavirus when the pandemic had become an international issue. The main purpose of this article is to diagnose and evaluate Australian-Chinese relations. The thesis was formulated as follows: the political conflict between China and Australia translates into mutual trade relations, the consequences of which are felt by both sides, but in the coming years China will still be Australia’s most important trading partner. At the same time, Australia will be looking for new markets, and China will be looking for new suppliers.
Początki nowoczesnej japońskiej literatury dziecięcej
Authors: de Zoete-Leśniczak Marcelina
Published: December 2021

The beginnings of contemporary Japanese children’s literature

In Poland, despite the fact that Japanese literature is very thoroughly researched, described and translated, the section of literature dedicated to children (jidōbungaku), for years remained neglected and marginalized. As a result, it is an area completely undiscovered and unexplored. At the beginning of the article, the key role of education and its development in modernizing Japan is presented. Then, the literature of the first twenty years of the Meiji period (1868–1888) is outlined together with introduction of main mass-published magazines on children’s literature. Among them, it was the periodical “Shōnen sekai” that played an epochal role, so its activity and involvement in shaping the children’s literature of the Meiji period are discussed in detail. In the following chapters, the silhouette of Iwaya Sazanami is presented together with his representative work – a fairy tale (otogibanashi) entitled Koganemaru (boy’s name). This is because Koganemaru is considered the most important turning point in the difficult course of systematising children’s literature in modernizing Japan. This article, probably innovative, by examining the beginnings and the process of almost 40 years of emerging of Japanese children’s literature, will fill an important gap in the study of Japanese literature in Poland and maybe become an essential starting point for its development.
Osamu Tezuka w Polsce – popularność i znaczenie twórczości „boga mangi” na polskim rynku
Authors: Woszczak Ryszard
Published: December 2021

Osamu Tezuka in Poland. The popularity and significance of the work of the god of manga on the Polish market

The author presents and analyzes the situation of Osamu Tezuka’s manga on the Polish market in 2001–2020, trying to show the popularity and effects of the twenty-year presence of Osamu Tezuka’s work on the market. At the same time, the author presents the situation of the Polish manga market and the processes that accompanied the launch of Polish manga editions of the author, known in Japan as the God of Manga.
Nadzór właścicielski nad przedsiębiorstwami z udziałem Skarbu Państwa w Korei Południowej i Singapurze w kontekście dyskusji dotyczącej reformy systemu nadzoru właścicielskiego w Polsce
Authors: Aziewicz Dominik
Published: December 2021

State-owned enterprises supervision system in South Korea and Singapore, within the context of the debate about reforming state-owned enterprises supervision system in Poland State-owned enterprises are a part of most modern economies. Therefore, it is substantial to elaborate which model of supervision system is the most suitable for the challenges of each country. Since the 2015 there is an ongoing debate in Poland, about the shape of a stateowned enterprises supervision system. It was considered to establish a national holding company, which would perform the ownership function for Polish state-owned enterprises. An inspiration for this idea was the South Korean state-owned supervision system and the impact of the chaebols on the Korean national economy. The aim of this article it to examine Korean solutions, and to present the state-owned supervision system which function in Singapore, because in many ways it seems to be a more adequate inspiration for the needs of Polish decision-makers.
Między stanem epidemii a stanem klęski żywiołowej – COVID-19 a niektóre prawa człowieka
Authors: Czarnow Sławomir
Published: December 2021

In between a state of epidemic and a state of natural disaster – COVID-19 and certain human rights

The article examines the means of restricting selected human rights and freedoms during a state of epidemic against the requirements of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The analysis particularly concerns the practice of restricting these rights and freedoms through ordinances as well as the imposition of fines and penalties for violations of epidemic orders and bans.
Odpowiednie stosowanie przepisów prawnych z zakresu kosztów postępowania lub procesu na przykładach orzecznictwa lekarskiego w wybranych sprawach dyscyplinarnych
Authors: Sobieralski Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

Proper application of legal provisions regarding costs of proceedings or trial based on examples of medical jurisprudence in selected disciplinary cases

The primary hypothesis assumes that there is an institution of an appropriate application of the law in disciplinary proceedings, and that its correct use strengthens the procedural guarantees of the aggrieved party in terms of costs of proceedings or a trial. The argument in favor of such a position arises from adopting a specific approach to understanding regulations referring to other legal provisions. The study uses the analysis of judicial practice. The research was conducted in order to systematize the formula of institution of an appropriate application of the law in disciplinary proceedings. The focus was on finding common goals and standards in disciplinary cases related to costs of proceedings. The article demonstrates that, within reason, the legislator provides for a two-stage use of reference to other legal provisions, if applied appropriately.
Glosa krytyczna do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Białymstoku z 13 stycznia 2021 r., I ACa 289/20
Authors: Błaszczyk Cezary
Published: December 2021

Gloss (critical) to the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Białystok of January 13, 2021. (Case file no. I ACa 289/20)

Thesis of the judgment:The relationship that may arise between a human and an animal does not constitute a personal interest as defined in Article 23 of the [Polish] Civil Code and, consequently, the violation of human welfare due to death of an animal is not subject to protection under Article 23 et seq. of the Civil Code, even if death of an animal is the result of an unlawful act of another entity.

The decision of the Court of Appeal deserves criticism. The bond with an animal deserves protection as a personal interest, because the catalog of legally protected personal interests remains open, while the bond with an animal is an intangible, natural emanation of human personality and it has been recognized as a value by the society as a whole. Therefore it deserves protection under Articles 23–24 of the Civil Code.
Tradycja jako element budowy tożsamości. Przypadek żołnierzy oddziałów Wojsk Specjalnych
Authors: Rybak Jarosław
Published: December 2021

Tradition as an Element of Identity Building. The Case of the Special Units Soldiers

Modernity have any impact on military identity. It was proved that traditions of historical military formations serve as a factor that facilitates building identity of modern Special Forces soldiers. Referring to historical traditions gives them a sense of “nobility” and strengthen their “military backbone”. Tradition, however, should not be perceived with regard to history only. It’s possible to build identity effectively basing on values such as elitism or a community of extreme experiences. Invented tradition, which precipitates and facilitates building identity of the group, can also play a key role. The Individual In-depth Interview technique was used to examine seven soldiers of different generations. They served in the army during World War II, afterwards (over the communist period) and contemporarily. The last ones are experts with extensive combat and command experience. Concurrently, Polish Special Forces were characterized through the prism of identity building and their history, inherited traditions, origin of the name and symbols were described.

Tradycje wojskowych formacji historycznych nadal służą jako czynnik ułatwiający budowanie tożsamości współczesnych żołnierzy. Tradycji nie należy jednak odnosić wyłącznie do historii. Można bez niej skutecznie budować tożsamość, opierając się na wartościach takich, jak elitarność czy wspólnota ekstremalnych przeżyć. Kluczową rolę może odgrywać także tradycja wytworzona, która przyspiesza i ułatwia budowę tożsamości grupy. Metodą indywidualnego wywiadu pogłębionego przebadano siedmiu żołnierzy: z okresu II wojny światowej, PRL-u oraz współczesnych (ekspertów z dużym doświadczeniem bojowym i dowódczym). Jednocześnie, przez pryzmat budowy tożsamości, dokonano charakterystyki polskich oddziałów specjalnych, opisano ich historię, dziedziczone tradycje, przeznaczenie, imię, pochodzenie nazwy, symbolikę.
Digitalizacja materiałów archiwalnych w świetle prawa autorskiego. Zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Niewęgłowski Adrian
Published: December 2021

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę digitalizacji materiałów archiwalnych, pod którym to pojęciem rozumie się przekształcanie ich tradycyjnego zapisu do cyfrowej postaci. Obecnie coraz częściej materiały archiwalne istnieją od początku w formie cyfrowej. Dawniej przybierały jednak formy wydrukowanych książek, spisanych dokumentów itp. Rozwój technologii sprawia, że bardzo duża część archiwów dokonuje cyfryzacji swoich tradycyjnych zbiorów, m.in. w celu sprawniejszego udostępniania materiałów archiwalnych. Po nadaniu archiwaliom cyfrowej postaci, mogą być one rozpowszechniane na dużą skalę za pośrednictwem Internetu. Takie zabiegi nie są jednak często obojętne z punktu widzenia obowiązujących w danym państwie przepisów z zakresu prawa autorskiego. Czasami regulacje te przewidują zasady, na jakich może odbywać się digitalizacja. Problematyka, której dotyczy artykuł, jest bardzo szeroka. Dlatego też analizie poddano najważniejsze aspekty zagadnienia, mające praktyczny walor dla działalności archiwalnej. W artykule poruszono m.in. problem udostępniania materiałów w postaci cyfrowej. Odniesiono się do nowych przepisów, w tym z zakresu dzieł osieroconych. Digitalization of archival materials in the light of copyright law. Selected issues The article presents the issue of digitization of archival materials, which is the transformation of their traditional form into a digital one. Currently, more and more archival materials are born in digital form. In the past, however, they were created especially as copies of printed books, written documents, etc. Due to the development of technology a large part of archives is digitalizing their traditional collections in order to make access to archival materials more efficient. Once the archives have been digitized, they can be made available on a large scale via the Internet. However, such activities are often not indifferent to the copyright law of a particular country. Sometimes these regulations provide certain rules under which digitization may take place. The problem addressed in the article is very broad. That is why the analysis covers the most important aspects of the issue which have practical value for archival policy. Some topics have been excluded. The article discusses, among others, the problem of making the materials available to the public in digital form. Reference is made to the new legislation, including that concerning orphan works.