bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and functional divergence of
Staphylococcus aureus
strains from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy individuals: insights from global and local scales
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Hülpüsch Claudia , Foesel Bärbel , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Reiger Matthias , Schloter Michael
Published: August 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide and is characterized by a complex interplay with skin microbiota, with
Staphylococcus aureus
often abnormally more abundant in AD patients than in healthy individuals (HE).
S. aureus
harbors diverse strains with varied genetic compositions and functionalities, which exhibit differential connections with the severity of AD. However, the differences in
S. aureus
strains between AD and HE remain unclear, with most variations seen at a specific geographic level, implying spontaneous adaptations rather than systematic distinctions. This study presents genomic and functional differences between these
S. aureus
strains from AD and HE on both global and local levels. We observed reduced gene content diversity but increased functional variation in the global AD-associated strains. Two additional AD-dominant clusters emerged, with Cluster 1 enriched in transposases and Cluster 2 showcasing genes linked to adaptability and antibiotic resistance. Particularly, robust evidence illustrates that the lantibiotic operon of
S. aureus
, involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotics, was acquired
via
horizontal gene transfer from environmental bacteria. Comparisons of the gene abundance profiles in functional categories also indicate limited zoonotic potential between human and animal isolates. Local analysis mirrored global gene diversity but showed distinct functional variations between AD and HE strains. Overall, this research provides foundational insights into the genomic evolution, adaptability, and antibiotic resistance of
S. aureus
, with significant implications for clinical microbiology.

IMPORTANCE

Our study uncovers significant genomic variations in
Staphylococcus aureus
strains associated with atopic dermatitis. We observed adaptive evolution tailored to the disease microenvironment, characterized by a smaller pan-genome than strains from healthy skin both on the global and local levels. Key functional categories driving strain diversification include “replication and repair” and “transporters,” with transposases being pivotal. Interestingly, the local strains predominantly featured metal-related genes, whereas global ones emphasized antimicrobial resistances, signifying scale-dependent diversification nuances. We also pinpointed horizontal gene transfer events, indicating interactions between human-associated and environmental bacteria. These insights expand our comprehension of
S. aureus
’s genetic adaptation in atopic dermatitis, yielding valuable implications for clinical approaches.
Clinical outcomes of reperfusion therapy in patients with site-specific basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Žakelj Nina , Rigler Igor , Longo Alja , Frol Senta , Pretnar Oblak Janja
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite its low incidence, basilar artery occlusion (BAO) remains a major therapeutic challenge since severe disability and death occur in about 80% of patients. Specific site of BAO (proximal, middle, or distal) has rarely been reported as a prognostic factor in reperfusion therapy. We aimed to explore the relationship between site-specific BAO and clinical outcomes in patients treated with reperfusion therapies.

Methods

We performed a single-centre retrospective study of all consecutive patients with acute BAO admitted to the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between January 2013 and August 2022 who were treated with reperfusion therapies. Patients were grouped according to the location of BAO and compared for baseline characteristics, differences in stroke aetiology, type of reperfusion therapy, success of recanalization, and clinical outcome after 90 days evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Statistical analysis was performed with the two-sided ANOVA t-tests for continuous measures, Chi-squared (χ2) tests for categorical measures and a multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis.

Results

The study included 103 patients (47% females, median age 74 years; confidence interval (CI) 72 to 98). Proximal BAO was found in 13%, middle in 13%, and distal in 74% of patients. Cardioembolic etiology was more common in distal (=0.01), and atherosclerotic etiology in proximal and middle BAO occlusions (P=0.02). While distal BAO was more likely to be recanalized using intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) compared with other sites of occlusion (P=0.05), we found no difference between different occlusion sites and the success of endovascular treatment (EVT). Lower age (odds ratio (OR) 0.89; CI 0.84 to 0.95; P<0.01) and shorter time to intervention (OR 0.71; CI 0.53 to 0.95; P=0.02), regardless of it being IVT or EVT, were predictors of an excellent clinical outcome (mRS 0–2). Distal occlusion (OR 28; CI 2.7 to 300; p<0.01) was a strong predictor of a favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0–3).

Conclusion

Prompt reperfusion, regardless of it being IVT or EVT, increases the chance of excellent clinical outcomes in patients with acute BAO. Distal BAO is more often associated with a favorable clinical outcome compared with the proximal and middle segments.
Enchanting dynamics: Juvenile and adult predators with prey model in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment
Authors: Mukherjee Madhurima , Pal Debkumar , Mahato Sanat Kumar , Bhattacharyee Nabaranjan
Published: August 2024

This study represents an interaction model including juvenile and adult predators along with prey, involving key characteristics like the inability of juvenile predators to reproduce, the impact of adult predators on juvenile growth rates and the transformation of some juveniles to adulthood. Furthermore, it is supposed that adult predators intake prey for sustenance, and the logistic growth of prey is assumed in the non-appearance of adult predators. Intra-species competition among adult predators, together with predation of juveniles and chasing, is conveyed. To tackle the imprecise biological parameters, most parametric values are considered as triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The model is further processed into an intuitionistic fuzzy model using the Hukuhara derivative and Yager’s ranking method is implemented to make the model crispified. Non-negativity and boundedness of the model are explored, after that, an investigation of possible equilibrium points is discussed. Local and global stability analyses close to these points are supervised. The study accentuates the significant influence of uncertain model parameters on the solution. Especially, uncertain estimates of intra-species competition among adult predators remarkably regulate the model’s stability. Extended uncertainty in intra-species competition for prey, although, is discovered to stabilize the system. In addition, increased consumption of juvenile predators by adult predators is observed to provide the system’s instability.
Multiple mantle metasomatism recorded by Triassic post-collisional ultrapotassic and tholeiitic magmatism in West Qinling, NW China
Authors: Tao Lu , Luo Biji , Zhang Hongfei , Xu Wangchun , Huang Hua , Yang He , Qiu Huaning , Bai Xiujuan , Lu Shansong , Guo Liang , Pan Fabin , Wang Lianxun , Li Zhanke
Published: August 2024

Mantle properties and metasomatic processes, together with interlayer interactions, in orogenic belts are still under debate. Post-collisional magmatic rocks could provide secondhand constraints on these issues. We have conducted an integrated geochronological, geochemical and isotopic study on post-collisional Zhanwa dolerites, the Dashui granodiorite–monzonite–monzogabbro complex and the Jiuzigou pyroxenite–syenite complex at West Qinling. The Zhanwa dolerites, being tholeiitic with flat trace element patterns, were mixtures of melts from asthenospheric and oceanic slab-fluid-metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The Dashui monzonite–monzogabbro suite is ultrapotassic with strongly right-inclined trace element patterns and evolved isotopic composition with (
87
Sr/
86
Sr)
i
 = 0.7066–0.7068,

ε

Nd
(
t
) = −4.56 to −4.35,

ε

Hf
(
t
) = −3.14 to −2.35 and (
206
Pb/
204
Pb)
i
 = 17.99–18.12. It was derived from melting of a mantle source metasomatized by continent-crustal materials. In contrast, the Dashui granodiorites are shoshonitic–calc-alkaline with more evolved isotopic compositions with (
87
Sr/
86
Sr)
i
,

ε

Nd
(
t
),

ε

Hf
(
t
), and (
206
Pb/
204
Pb)
i
of 0.7074–0.7091, −7.56 to −5.51, −5.61 to −3.53 and 18.18–18.46, respectively. They represent hybrids of mantle-derived K-rich and crustal-derived felsic melts. The Jiuzigou complex has extremely high trace element contents. Its mantle source was metasomatized by both oceanic crustal fluids and sedimentary melts. Generation of these rocks (
c.
235–223 Ma) not only recorded multiple mantle metasomatism, but also captured collective asthenospheric and lithospheric magmatic responses in a post-collisional setting.
Optimizing Garbage Collection for ZNS SSDs via In-storage Data Migration and Address Remapping
Authors: Tan Zhenhua , Long Linbo , Shen Jingcheng , Liu Renping , Gao Congming , Zhong Kan , Jiang Yi
Published: August 2024

The NVMe Zoned Namespace (ZNS) is a high-performance interface for flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs), which divides the logical address space into fixed-size and sequential-write zones. Meanwhile, ZNS SSDs eliminate in-device garbage collection (GC) by shifting the responsibility of GC to the host. However, the host-side GC of ZNS SSDs is not efficient. On the one hand, data migration during GC first moves data to the host buffer and then writes back the transferred data to the new location in the SSD, resulting in an unnecessary end-to-end transfer overhead. On the other hand, due to the pre-configured mapping between zones and blocks, GC incurs a large block-to-block rewrite overhead, i.e., even if most of the data in a block of the victim zone is valid, the valid data will still be rewritten to another block in the target zone. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel ZNS SSD design that features dynamic zone mapping, termed
Brick-ZNS
.
Brick-ZNS
implements two key functionalities: in-storage data migration and address remapping. New ZNS commands are first designed to realize in-storage data migration to avoid the end-to-end transfer overhead of GC while ensuring performance predictability. Then, a remapping strategy exploiting parallel physical blocks is proposed to reduce the large block-to-block rewrite overhead while ensuring zone-level access parallelism. The basic idea of the strategy is to directly remap the parallel physical blocks with a sufficient amount of valid data in the victim zone to the target zone, hence avoiding the large block-to-block rewrite overhead. Based on a full-stack SSD emulator, the evaluation results show that
Brick-ZNS
improves write throughput by 25% and SSD lifetime by 1.41×.
CT Myocardial Perfusion and CT-FFR versus Invasive FFR for Hemodynamic Relevance of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Soschynski Martin , Storelli Roberto , Birkemeyer Clara , Hagar Muhammad Taha , Faby Sebastian , Schwemmer Chris , Nous Fay M. A. , Pugliese Francesca , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Schlett Christopher L. , Nikolaou Konstantin , Krumm Patrick , Nieman Koen , Bamberg Fabian , Artzner Christoph P.
Published: August 2024

There was no difference in diagnostic accuracy for detecting hemodynamically relevant coronary stenosis with CT myocardial perfusion versus CT-derived fractional flow reserve.
Quantitative 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET and Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Following 177Lu-PSMA-617 (VISION Trial)
Authors: Kuo Phillip H. , Morris Michael J. , Hesterman Jacob , Kendi A. Tuba , Rahbar Kambiz , Wei Xiao X. , Fang Bruno , Adra Nabil , Garje Rohan , Michalski Jeff M. , Chi Kim , de Bono Johann , Fizazi Karim , Krause Bernd , Sartor Oliver , Tagawa Scott T. , Ghebremariam Samson , Brackman Marcia , Wong Connie C. , Catafau Ana M. , Benson Taylor , Armstrong Andrew J. , Herrmann Ken
Published: August 2024

Visual 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT eligibility criteria helped identify participants with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who benefitted from 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in the VISION trial, with higher 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake associated with improved outcomes.
C‐Reactive Protein Level as a Novel Serum Biomarker in Sarcopenia
Authors: Lin Shangjin , Chen Xiuxiu , Cheng Ying , Huang Hou , Yang Fengjian , Bao Zhijun , Fan Yongqian
Published: August 2024

Background. The role of C‐reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, in the development of sarcopenia remains uncertain. Methods. This cross‐sectional research involved the enrollment of 207 patients, classified into two groups: 74 patients with sarcopenia and 133 patients without sarcopenia. Clinical data of the participants, including hand grip strength, walking speed, appendicular lean mass (ALM), and calf circumference, were collected and recorded. We evaluated the extent to which CRP levels are associated with the risk of sarcopenia using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Besides, the correlation between CRP levels, hand grip strength, ALM, and walking speed was examined using the Spearman rank correlation test. Moreover, we have employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis technique to explore the causal relationship between CRP levels and the occurrence of sarcopenia. Results. The sarcopenia group showed a higher proportion of older women, with significant differences in anemia prevalence, calf circumference, gait speed, ALM, hand grip strength, and elevated CRP levels compared to the control group. Logistic regression analyses identified CRP as an independent risk factor for sarcopenia (OR: 1.151, 95% CI:1.070−1.238, and P < 0.001). Correlation analysis results revealed a noteworthy inverse association with hand grip strength (R = −0.454 and P < 0.001), ALM (R = −0.426 and P < 0.001), and walking speed (R = −0.431 and P < 0.001). MR analysis provided further evidence of a significant detrimental link between genetically predicted CRP levels and essential sarcopenia characteristics, with consistent results across various statistical models. Conclusions. Our study uncovered strong evidence supporting a noteworthy inverse association and causality between CRP concentrations and sarcopenia, indicating that CRP has the potential to serve as a biomarker for sarcopenia.
Progression of Sclerouveitis to Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis
Authors: Zhang Sairi , Chacko J. Anthony , Sanders Riley N. , Rosenbaum Eric R. , Dockery Philip W. , Sallam Ahmed B.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: We describe a unique case of sclerouveitis that progressed to endogenous Fusarium endophthalmitis in a 69‐year‐old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We highlight the risk of treating sclerouveitis with oral corticosteroids, which can exacerbate an infection and contribute to disease progression.

Case Presentation: A 69‐year‐old male with CLL on zanubrutinib, a second‐generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was admitted to the hospital for osteomyelitis of the left foot. At presentation, the patient also reported right eye pain for 1 week and vision loss over the course of 1 month. Vision in the right eye was hand motion. Slit lamp examination revealed scleral inflammation in the right eye with violaceous injection, chemosis, inflammation in the anterior chamber, and diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage. There was significant corneal edema preventing fundus examination. B‐scan ultrasonography demonstrated a flat retina with no vitritis or scleral thickening. Forty‐eight hours after treatment with oral and topical corticosteroids, the patient’s eye pain improved but his vision worsened. Repeat B‐scan showed new‐onset vitritis. Fungal culture obtained by diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) revealed growth of Fusarium. The patient was treated with oral and intravitreal voriconazole in addition to intravenous voriconazole and amphotericin B for systemic therapy. Corticosteroids were discontinued. Despite aggressive therapy, the patient’s disposition declined to the point of transitioning to comfort‐focused care, and he passed away.

Conclusion: Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, and oral corticosteroid therapy for such patients should be used with caution as it can worsen an infection. In cases of fusarial endophthalmitis, visual prognosis is poor.
Load Pattern Analysis and Consumer Response Potential Evaluation for Demand‐Side Power Regulation
Authors: Ma Shuang , Xu Gang , Zhang Yajing
Published: August 2024

Flexible demand‐side load resources provide a novel approach for promoting power supply‐demand equilibrium and the consumption of renewable energy. However, the assessment of consumer response potential is encountering significant challenges due to uncertain surrounding users’ power consumption behavior and their individual preferences. In this paper, we propose a quantitative method for evaluating the load response potential of consumers based on nonnegative matrix factorization and prospect theory. Firstly, nonnegative matrix factorization is employed to decompose and cluster historical load data, enabling the extraction of typical load patterns for different consumer groups. In addition, three indicators are proposed to assess consumer response potential from dispatchable power capacity, available response time, and response reliability. Considering the bounded rationality and subjective preferences of consumers, this study employs gray correlation analysis and prospect theory to explore how consumers perceive risks and benefits across different indicators. Furthermore, subjective weights are incorporated to reflect the requirements of the power system side. Simulation results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in the comprehensive evaluation of consumer response potential.
Regionalization of the Mortality Risk from Cardiomyopathy and Respiratory Diseases Based on the Maximum Entropy Model
Authors: Ordoñez-Sierra Raymundo , Domínguez-Cortinas Gabriela , Hernández-Paniagua Iván Yassmany , Expósito-Castillo José Luis , Gómez-Albores Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Reyes María Guadalupe , Carrasco-Gallegos Brisa Violeta , Manzano-Solís Luis Ricardo
Published: August 2024

This research presents a time‐series study in one of the most polluted regions in Mexico, the southern part of the Mezquital Valley. Three mortality causes related to areas highly contaminated by industrial activities were considered to carry out this model, namely, ischemic cardiomyopathy, mesothelioma, and pneumoconiosis. The pollutant exposure factors used in the maximum entropy modeling were distance to rivers, distance to industries, particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM < 2.5 µm), and the digital elevation model (DEM). A model that expresses the presence of the disease by areas of exposure to pollutants was also obtained. In addition, the odds ratio was calculated to evaluate the level of association of ischemic cardiomyopathy (OR = 3.37 and 95% CI: 3.05–3.6) and mesothelioma (OR = 4.79 and 95% CI: 3.5–6.08) by areas of exposure. In the case of pneumoconiosis, only cases in the very high exposure category were recorded, so it was not comparable with the remaining areas. It is important to mention that particulate matter in the municipalities of the Mezquital Valley presented values above 20 μg/m3 and that in accordance with the provisions of the Norma Oficial Mexicana de Salud Ambiental or NOM (translated as Mexican Official Standard for Environmental Health) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and the Disease Registry (ATSDR), high concentrations of particulate matter can have a severe impact on the development of some diseases. In the studied area, ischemic cardiomyopathy and mesothelioma were attributed to pollution in 70.3% and 79.1%, respectively; therefore, pollution mitigation could prevent the occurrence of these two diseases.
Neuroprotective Effects of Trimetazidine against Cisplatin‐Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Involvement of AMPK‐Mediated PI3K/mTOR, Nrf2, and NF‐κB Signaling Axes
Authors: Elbaset Marawan A. , Afifi Sherif M. , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Abdelrahman Sahar S. , Saleh Dalia O.
Published: August 2024

Cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect of cisplatin chemotherapy used in cancer treatment. This study explored the neuroprotective effects of Trimetazidine (TRI) against CIPN by preserving nerve integrity, reducing neuro‐oxidative stress, and alleviating neuroinflammation. Using a rat model of CIPN, we evaluated TRI’s impact on motor coordination, pain sensitivity, and peripheral nerve histopathology. Also, its effects on neuro‐oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers were assessed. The findings showed that rats with CIPN had worse motor coordination and increased sensitivity to pain but that these symptoms were alleviated by TRI therapy in a dose‐dependent way. Nerve conduction velocities were normalized, and expression of genes involved in neuropathy signaling was suppressed after TRI therapy. Antioxidant benefits were also shown in TRI, with oxidative damage being reduced and the cellular energy balance being restored. By inhibiting the production of inflammatory markers, it also demonstrated anti‐inflammatory properties. Histopathological examination revealed that TRI, especially when administered at a higher dose, inhibited the degeneration and demyelination of nerve fibers. The anti‐inflammatory properties of TRI in the sciatic nerves were further shown by the fact that its administration reduced iNOS expression. In conclusion, AMPK‐mediated PI3K/mTOR, Nrf2, and NF‐κB signaling pathways may all be involved in the therapeutic benefits of TRI for CIPN. These results indicate that TRI may be useful for reducing the side effects of CIPN and enhancing patient outcomes during cisplatin chemotherapy.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Systemic Ozone on Skin Wound Repair: Clinical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study in Rats
Authors: de Medeiros Cardoso Jânderson , Ervolino Edilson , Miyasawa Erton Massamitsu , Theodoro Leticia Helena , Padovan Luis Eduardo Marques , Pereira Estevão Lopes , de Molon Rafael Scaf , Garcia Valdir Gouveia
Published: August 2024

This study sought to examine the effects of systemic ozone (O3) treatment on the healing of skin wounds induced on the dorsal surface of Wistar rats. The skin wounds were created using a 10 mm round punch following the sagittal medial plane in 72 rats. Then, the animals were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving the following treatments: group C, which did not undergo treatment with the O3/O2 mixture; group OZ0.3, administered the O3/O2 mixture at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg; group OZ0.7, given the O3/O2 mixture at a dose of 0.7 mg/kg; and group OZ1.0, provided with the O3/O2 mixture at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg. Six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days postoperatively. Clinical, histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were accomplished. Data from clinical and histometric assessments revealed that OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 demonstrated more favorable healing, with greater wound contraction observed in the OZ1.0 group at 14 and 21 days. Histologically, the OZ1.0 group exhibited aspects consistent with an accelerated tissue repair process. IHC analysis revealed greater vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunostaining in the OZ0.7 (7 days) and OZ1.0 (7 and 14 days) groups compared to the C group. Expression of transforming growth factor beta‐1 was significantly increased in the OZ0.7 (14 days) and OZ1.0 (7 and 14 days) groups compared to the C group. In conclusion, our data suggest that systemic use of O3 enhanced tissue repair in cutaneous wounds in a dose‐dependent manner, with concentrations of 1.0 mg/kg providing the most beneficial effects. Furthermore, the results of this study implicate the use of O3 for the treatment of skin wounds aiming at improving the healing process over time. Our findings suggest the use of O3 as a viable alternative to enhance wound healing and repair.
Nursing Professionalism: A Scoping Review of Implementation Level, Evaluation Instruments, Influential Factors, and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Jiang Jing , Liu Mengyuan , Li Yinglan , Gao Hongmei , Tian Lingyun
Published: August 2024

Aim. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of pertinent research on the subject of nursing professionalism. Background. The number of studies documenting nursing professionalism has been consistently increasing over the years; however, a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the evidence presented in these reports is currently lacking. Evaluation. The scope reviews were conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang database. Key Issues. This review included 15 studies and identified 4 significant pertinent issues: (1) the need for further investigation into the implementation level of nursing professionalism; (2) the development of culturally sensitive instruments to assess nursing professionalism; (3) an in‐depth exploration of the associated factors influencing nursing professionalism; and (4) the critical implementation of diverse intervention strategies to enhance nursing professionalism. Conclusions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the implementation level, assessment tools, influential factors, and intervention strategies in nursing professionalism research. In addition, it emphasizes the future research direction in this field. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing administrators need to understand the significance of improving the professional education and training of nurses, fostering a conducive work environment, and providing support for their active development of professional skills and nursing professionalism. These factors collectively contribute to the long‐term professional development of nurses and enhance the quality of patient care.
Modulatory Potential of Poly (ADP‐Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) in BRCA‐Mutated Tumors
Authors: Munyembaraga Valens , Cyuzuzo Delphine , Dao Tran Nhat Phong , Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Onikanni Sunday Amos , Chang Hen-Hong
Published: August 2024

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 is a versatile enzyme that is deeply involved in diverse cellular processes. It exerts influence on pivotal activities such as DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, and cell death. PARP1 is crucial due to its susceptibility to posttranslational modifications, each of which has distinct roles in shaping its functionality and interactions with other proteins. Among these modifications, the addition of ADP‐ribose polymerase 1 and the addition of an acetyl group to lysine residues enhance PARP1 engagement in DNA repair, while ubiquitination and cleavage are involved in the degradation of PARP1. PARP1 modification has been exploited in cancer treatment, particularly in the context of breast and ovarian cancers marked by BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. However, resistance to PARP1 inhibitors and selective posttranslational modifications, which confer cellular functions remain elusive. The present review endeavors to detail the extent of PARP1 modifications, shedding light on their profound implications at the cellular remains a challenge, which often drives treatment failure. The effectiveness of PARP1 inhibitors relies on specific level. This trial is registered with NCT04550104, NCT06120491, NCT05367440, NCT05797168, NCT04644068, NCT05573724, NCT05489211, NCT05938270, and NCT02264678.
Hepatic Failure and Hyperbilirubinemia Secondary to Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Reinhardt Matthew , Strand Marya L. , Sabic Dajana
Published: August 2024

Anti‐D antibody is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Other antigens have emerged, causing significant damage to the newborn. We report a case of a 31‐week dichorionic diamniotic twin born emergently to a mother with anti‐C and anti‐D antibodies who required multiple percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) and transfusions. Extensive resuscitation at birth was required due to severe anemia, hypovolemia, and prematurity. Ensuing liver damage occurred with subsequent profound coagulopathy, transaminitis, and direct hyperbilirubinemia that required significant support. This patient developed several unique findings including the inability to monitor oxygen saturations due to dermal bilirubin deposits and staining of baby teeth. This case report highlights the importance of early identification of additional Rh antibodies due to concern for development of more severe forms of HDN.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis under Transient Conditions: Using Variational Mode Decomposition and the Symmetrized Dot Pattern‐Based Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Jia Jide , Mei Jianmin , Sun Chuang , Yang Fengjuan
Published: August 2024

An effective bearing fault diagnosis method for gearbox applications under variable operating conditions is proposed, utilizing variational mode decomposition (VMD) for feature extraction, symmetrized dot pattern (SDP) for visual representation, and convolutional neural network (CNN) for deep feature extraction and classification. First, three operating conditions of normal bearing, bearing outer ring fault, and bearing inner ring fault were simulated. The vibration and speed pulse signals under variable conditions were collected synchronously, and the nonstationary time‐domain vibration signals were converted into stationary angular‐domain vibration signals by the full‐period angular‐domain resampling technique. To eliminate the noise components, VMD was used to decompose the vibration signal into different frequency bands to obtain the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which were further represented by SDP images, and feature images were extracted according to the noncorrelation coefficient. Finally, based on the designed CNN model, the depth features of the SDP image were automatically extracted to form the feature vector, and the formed feature vector was used as the input to the softmax classifier to identify the bearing fault condition. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved the diagnostic accuracy of 100%. Compared with other SDP‐based methods, this method has good feature extraction and high fault diagnosis accuracy.
A Fast‐Forward Dilute‐and‐Shoot Multielement Method for Analysis of 33 Elements in Human Whole Blood, Serum, and Urine by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: A Streamlined Approach for Clinical Diagnostic and Biomonitoring
Authors: Huber Sandra , Michel Jörg , Reijnen Maurice , Averina Maria , Bolann Bjørn , Odland Jon Øyvind , Hansen Solrunn , Brox Jan
Published: August 2024

The analysis of toxic and essential elements in human matrices is used in clinical diagnostics and for biomonitoring of different populations to study related health outcomes. This work aimed to develop fast and reliable methods for the analysis of a broad range of elements in liquid human matrices, such as whole blood, serum, and urine, with a similar setup for the three matrices and different analysis needs. An easy and fast‐forward dilute‐and‐shoot method for 33 elements (i.e., Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Zn, and Zr) was developed. 200 µL of either sample material was diluted with an alkaline reagent to a volume of 4 mL in total. Sample dilution and preparation of matrix‐matched calibration standards were performed in 48‐well plates by an automated liquid handler. Diluted samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a Perkin Elmer NexIon 300D ICP‐MS instrument equipped with an ESI‐FAST SC2DX autosampler in kinetic energy discrimination mode with helium as cell gas at either 4.8 mL or 5.7 mL and 1600 W RF generator power. The method validation results showed good accuracy for fresh human samples from an external quality assessment scheme with measured concentrations within the assigned concentration ranges. Good precision and reproducibility for most elements were demonstrated with variation coefficients below or far below 8% and 15% for whole blood, 8% and 10% for serum, and 10% and 10% for urine, respectively. The developed reagent and instrumental setup were applicable to all three matrices. This minimizes the risk of human errors when switching between analyses of the different sample matrices and allows a rapid and easy analysis of whole blood, serum, and urine within one day if needed. The method demonstrated robustness over time, withstanding minor changes in the preparation of working solutions and samples, instrumental analysis, and setup. Analysis of human real samples showed the method’s applicability for 33 toxic and essential elements in whole blood, serum, and urine and at concentrations relevant to clinical diagnostics as well as biomonitoring.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell of Silicon Dioxide–Titanium Dioxide Photoanode With Polypyrrole/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Low‐Cost Counter Electrode
Authors: Hatem Oraas Adnan , Saad Nuhad , Jawad Sabrean F.
Published: August 2024

To produce a better connection and greater electron transfer efficiency between the TiO2 particles, as well as to eliminate agglomeration and increase the dispersion of TiO2 powders, a silicon dioxide/titanium dioxide (SiO2/TiO2) nanocomposite has been used as a photoanode in this study. An attempt was made to construct dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) at a low cost with reasonable efficiency by replacing the highly costly platinum counter electrode with polypyrrole/sodium dodecyl sulfate (PPy + SDS) as Counter Electrode 1 (C1) and PPy/SDS/multiwalled carbon nanotube (PPy + SDS + MWCNT) as Counter Electrode 2 (C2), using Ru‐based dyes Z907, pomegranate (Pom) dye, arugula (Aru) dye, and hibiscus dye as photosensitizers. The working electrode composite was deposited on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using a thermal chemical spraying approach, while the counter electrodes were produced using an electropolymerization method. The structural and optical characteristics are fully examined using several characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The photovoltaic properties of the constructed DSSCs were assessed under light irradiation (100 mW/cm2). When compared to the reference cell based on the Pt counter electrode, which has an efficiency of 8.4%, the measured current–voltage (I–V) curve shows that the efficiency of DSSC in the case of Z907 dye with C1 and C2 was 3.037% and 3.743%, respectively. This suggests that the low‐cost prepared DSSCs have good efficiency. Natural dyes show an efficiency range of 1.317%–0.66%, which indicates a moderate level of sensitivity.
Novel ERBB2 Variant Potentially Associated with Resistance against Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody–Based Therapy in ERBB2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Iida Naoko , Imai Mitsuho , Okamoto Wataru , Kato Takeshi , Esaki Taito , Kato Ken , Komatsu Yoshito , Yuki Satoshi , Masuishi Toshiki , Nishina Tomohiro , Ebi Hiromichi , Taniguchi Hiroya , Nonomura Norio , Sunakawa Yu , Shiozawa Manabu , Yamazaki Kentaro , Boku Shogen , Bando Hideaki , Shiraishi Yuichi , Kobayashi Maki , Goto Hiroki , Sato Akihiro , Fujii Satoshi , Yoshino Takayuki , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

HER2-targeted therapies in ERBB2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are effective; however, a notable portion of patients do not respond to treatment, and secondary resistance occurs in most patients receiving these treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of treatment efficacy and resistance in patients with ERBB2-amplified mCRC who received HER2-targeted therapy by analyzing multiomics data.

Experimental Design:

We investigated genomic data from a nationwide large cancer genomic screening project, the SCRUM-Japan project. We analyzed paired genome and transcriptome data of tissue and genomic data of ctDNA collected pre- and postprogression in patients enrolled in the related trial, TRIUMPH, in ERBB2-amplified mCRC.

Results:

In 155 patients with ERBB2-amplified solid tumors who received HER2-targeted therapy based on the SCRUM-Japan project, the objective response rate was 50%, 51%, and 35% in ERBB2 wild-type, variant of unknown significance, and pathogenic variant groups, respectively. In the paired genome and transcriptome data analyses in TRIUMPH, we identified the novel splicing-associated variant c.644-66_-2del in one of the 11 patients with paired whole-exome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing data sets, which lacks the binding domain of pertuzumab, in progressed metastatic tumor as a variant with potential pathogenicity. The time-course ctDNA analysis detected c.644-66_-2del as an acquired variant.

Conclusions:

This study highlighted the importance of ERBB2 genomic status when evaluating the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies in ERBB2-amplified mCRC. The identification of a novel splicing-associated variant may provide insights into potential mechanisms of treatment resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated the utility of ctDNA to follow the acquired genomic status of mCRC tumors.
Chemotherapy Drives Tertiary Lymphoid Structures That Correlate with ICI-Responsive TCF1+CD8+ T Cells in Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Lanickova Tereza , Hensler Michal , Kasikova Lenka , Vosahlikova Sarka , Angelidou Artemis , Pasulka Josef , Griebler Hannah , Drozenova Jana , Mojzisova Katerina , Vankerckhoven Ann , Laco Jan , Ryska Ales , Dundr Pavel , Kocian Roman , Cibula David , Brtnicky Tomas , Skapa Petr , Jacob Francis , Kovar Marek , Praznovec Ivan , McNeish Iain A. , Halaska Michal J. , Rob Lukas , Coosemans An , Orsulic Sandra , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Spisek Radek , Fucikova Jitka
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) are virtually insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) employed as standalone therapeutics, at least in part reflecting microenvironmental immunosuppression. Thus, conventional chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents that not only mediate cytotoxic effects but also promote the recruitment of immune effector cells to the HGSOC microenvironment stand out as promising combinatorial partners for ICIs in this oncological indication.

Experimental Design:

We harnessed a variety of transcriptomic, spatial, and functional assays to characterize the differential impact of neoadjuvant paclitaxel-carboplatin on the immunological configuration of paired primary and metastatic HGSOC biopsies as compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)-naïve HGSOC samples from five independent patient cohorts.

Results:

We found NACT-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress and calreticulin exposure in metastatic HGSOC lesions culminates with the establishment of a dense immune infiltrate including follicular T cells (TFH cells), a prerequisite for mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. In this context, TLS maturation was associated with an increased intratumoral density of ICI-sensitive TCF1+PD1+ CD8+ T cells over their ICI-insensitive TIM-3+PD1+ counterparts. Consistent with this notion, chemotherapy coupled with a PD1-targeting ICI provided a significant survival benefit over either therapeutic approach in syngeneic models of HGSOC bearing high (but not low) tumor mutational burden.

Conclusions:

Altogether, our findings suggest that NACT promotes TLS formation and maturation in HGSOC lesions, de facto preserving an intratumoral ICI-sensitive T-cell phenotype. These observations emphasize the role of rational design, especially relative to the administration schedule, for clinical trials testing chemotherapy plus ICIs in patients with HGSOC.

See related commentary by Bravo Melgar and Laoui, p. 10
Table S9 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: August 2024

Table S9 shows FACT-P Total Scores: Baseline, Cycles 4, 6, and 8
Supplemental Table S7 from Secondary Endpoint Utilization and Publication Rate among Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Beck Esther J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Florez Marcus A. , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A. , Miller Avital M. , Passy Adina H. , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Patel Roshal R. , Chino Fumiko , Higbie Victoria Serpas , Parseghian Christine M. , Overman Michael J. , Minsky Bruce D. , Thomas Charles R. , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Ludmir Ethan B.
Published: August 2024

Full multivariable model evaluating the association between the number of SEPs and the percentage of SEPs published among sensitivity analysis SEPs from both the protocol and ClinicalTrials.Gov, from trials with multiple protocols available.
Supplemental Table S2 from Secondary Endpoint Utilization and Publication Rate among Phase III Oncology Trials
Authors: Beck Esther J. , Sherry Alexander D. , Florez Marcus A. , Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Timothy A. , Miller Avital M. , Passy Adina H. , Kupferman Gabrielle S. , Patel Roshal R. , Chino Fumiko , Higbie Victoria Serpas , Parseghian Christine M. , Overman Michael J. , Minsky Bruce D. , Thomas Charles R. , Tang Chad , Msaouel Pavlos , Ludmir Ethan B.
Published: August 2024

Distribution of the percentage of PROs published per trial.
Table S15 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: August 2024

Table S15 shows Comparison of F2-Isoprostanes Control and Intervention Changes (post - pre) Immediately after Cycle 6
Figure S1 from High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Zahurak Marianna L. , Mandl Adel , Metri Nicole A. , Lalji Aliya , Heath Elisabeth , Kelly William K. , Hoimes Christopher , Barata Pedro , Taksey Jason , Garrison Dominique A. , Patra Kartick , Milne Ginger L. , Anders Nicole M. , Nauroth Julie M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Marshall Catherine H. , Markowski Mark C. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Carducci Michael A. , Denmeade Samuel R. , Levine Mark
Published: August 2024

Figure S1 shows FACT-P scores
Profile of End Stage Chronic Kidney Disease due to Obstructive Uropathy Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Sembiring Gilbert Bastanta , Daryanto Besut , Gunawan Atma
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of gradual decline in kidney function and ability caused by various kidney diseases. CKD can be caused by several conditions, including obstructive uropathy. Hemodialysis is one of the therapy options for CKD patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the profile of CKD due to obstructive uropathy patients at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, who underwent hemodialysis.
Methods. This study is a descriptive observational research with a cross sectional design, which uses secondary data taken from medical records of patients with end-stage CKD due to obstructive uropathy who undergo hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, for the period of 2021-2023.
Result. Based on the gender, there were more male patients than female patients (53.13%:46.87%) were females. Hypertension comorbidity was the highest percentage, 71.88%. Based on various conditions, urinary tract stones were the highest cause of obstructive uropathy compared to other causes with a percentage of 62.5%.
Conclusion. The result showed that patients were predominantly male with comorbid hypertension. The most common cause of obstructive uropathy in this study was urinary tract stones.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, obstructive uropathy
Public Governance and Democracy: the role of Brazil’s Office of The Comptroller General in the promotion of Social Accountability
Authors: Teixeira Graziela Dias , Sena Lucas , Silva Suylan de Almeida Midlej e
Published: August 2024

Este artigo busca analisar a atuação da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) no governo Bolsonaro, no que se refere ao incentivo à accountability social, bem como identificar as perspectivas de construção de processos democráticos com a sociedade civil a partir da nova estrutura da CGU, que está sendo alterada desde o início do governo Lula. Diante disso, são estudadas três organizações da sociedade civil que têm atuado em parceria com a CGU: o Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC), o Observatório Social do Brasil (OSB) e os Amigos Associados de Ribeirão Bonito (Amarribo). Além disso, utiliza-se metodologia qualitativa baseada em análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas  realizadas com burocratas da CGU e com representantes das organizações da sociedade civil. A governança pública tem sido uma preocupação compartilhada na relação entre Estado e sociedade, em especial com a CGU se destacando na promoção do controle social. Apesar dos avanços observados, há desafios gerados por problemas estruturais, dificuldades de  financiamento e desarticulação das ações em rede, o que se agravou com a pandemia de Covid-19 e o desmonte de políticas gerado pelo governo anterior. Porém, a partir de 2023, a CGU, com uma nova estrutura institucional, tem atuado no sentido de se reaproximar da sociedade civil, procurando formas e estratégias para estimular a accountability social.
François Dosse. A saga dos intelectuais franceses 1944-1989. Volume II: O futuro em migalhas (1968-1989)
Authors: Querido Fabio Mascaro
Published: August 2024

Book review: A saga dos intelectuais franceses 1944-1989. Volume II: O futuro em migalhas (1968-1989), São Paulo, Estação Liberdade, 2023, by François Dosse.
Gwenaële Rot and François Vatin. Ao longo do fluxo: o trabalho de vigilância e controle nas indústrias química e nuclear
Authors: Borges Anna Flávia Ferreira , Alves Wanderson Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Book review: Ao longo do fluxo: o trabalho de vigilância e controle nas indústrias química e nuclear, Curitiba, CRV, 2022, by Gwenaële Rot & François Vatin.
Sociologia histórica e interpretação do racismo no Brasil
Authors: Gato Matheus
Published: August 2024

This article examines the contributions of so-called historical or processual sociology to the analysis of racism in Brazil, based on four central concepts: revolution, reproduction, formation and event. The central argument is that the processual analysis of events, in the different approaches selected, offers some alternatives for tackling the main obstacle faced in the field of the sociology of racism: jointly explaining the formation of racial inequalities and their social production in the interaction and sociability between agents. It is suggested that the specific objective of historical sociology in this field of research is the racialization of the social experience of time, that is, the constitution of racialized temporalities.