bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Assessment of the Societal Costs of Fishing Activities in a Deliberative Perspective
Authors: Douguet Jean-Marc , Failler Pierre , Ferraro Gianluca
Published: May 2022

Assessing the social cost of fisheries is generally seen as a matter of how to monetize the components of fisheries. This paper presents an assessment of the societal cost of fishing activities, seen as a social process that is expected to contribute to the better management of aquatic resources, affecting sustainable development in coastal areas around the world. The originality of this article lies in considering the sustainability assessment from a deliberative perspective. It aims at defining the types of guiding concepts, frameworks, and information sets that might be appropriate for decision support, as we enlarge our scope of concern from fisheries to the ecosystems of eco-regions in the long term. In defining the societal cost of fisheries, through interviews, the objective is, first of all, to identify the social effects (positive and negative) of fishing métiers. By comparing fishing activities in a multi-criteria and multi-actor analysis, this evaluation is intended as a means for the actors to express in different ways (scientific indicators, institutional objectives, etc.) their judgment regarding the sustainability of the fishing profession. This analysis is the basis for defining the methods of monetizing these effects in different eco-regions (West African coastal upwelling and the deltas of Southeast Asia).
A Review on Fault Diagnosis Technology of Key Components in Cold Ironing System
Authors: Ding Kai , Yao Chen , Li Yifan , Hao Qinglong , Lv Yaqiong , Huang Zengrui
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, cold ironing technology has been demonstrated to be an effective solution to deal with the environmental and social problems brought by port ship emissions and relevant effects. The working states of cold ironing equipment, especially the key components such as circuit breakers, transformers and frequency converters, have a significant effect on the safety and reliability of the whole system. However, due to the harsh working environment of cold ironing equipment, they are prone to a high risk of failure. In this respect, fault diagnosis methods can play a significant role in detecting potential failure in time and guarantee the safe and reliable operation of the cold ironing system. In recent years, research on the fault diagnosis of a cold ironing system has been rapidly growing, and this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of this literature, with an emphasis on the fault diagnosis technology applied to the key components in a cold ironing system. This review classifies the literature according to the type of key component, and, for each special type of component, the fault diagnosis methods are further categorized and analyzed. This paper provides useful references for professionals and researchers working on the fault diagnosis of a cold ironing system and points out valuable research directions in the future.
A Comparison of Two Modes of Dairy Farming Intensification and the Impact on Water Quality in Ohio, USA
Authors: Joannon Alexandre , Moore Richard H. , Lyon Steve W. , Miller Samuel A. , Baudry Jacques
Published: May 2022

Two different modes of dairy farming intensification in two adjacent sub-watersheds in the headwaters of the South Fork of Sugar Creek in Ohio, USA, are compared with the potential sustainability consequences in connection to landscape structure and patterns as they impact water quality. A survey was administered between 2005 and 2007 in the southern part of the Sugar Creek watershed where we interviewed 28 Amish and non-Amish farmers. We collected data at the field level on farms totaling 3422 ha to characterize intensifications in production under divergent management strategies and to assess the collective implications for the environmental impacts. In addition, water quality was monitored bi-weekly from 2010–2018 using nutrient concentrations at the sub-watershed outlets and in 1998 and 2017 using instream habitat and biological assessments across both sub-watersheds. The main result was that, despite contrasting farming and cropping systems (small versus large farms, animal grazing versus feed), both Amish and non-Amish dairy operations had increased the number of cows and milk per cow on their farms with similar organic nutrient production by animals per hectare farmed. Equally, surface water quality assessed through our monitoring program was similar with both systems showing decreasing nutrient enrichment and increased habitat quality. Interestingly, these equivalent intensifications and environmental impacts were realized despite contrasting demographics and land use patterns found when comparing Amish and non-Amish operations. Collectively, these results illustrate the need to include socio-cultural dimensions to truly capture the trajectory of development as it pertains to the intersection of sustainability and intensification—especially since the complexity of interactions occurring can potentially mask impacts relative to sustainable water resources management.
A Psychological Ownership Based Design Tool to Close the Resource Loop in Product Service Systems: A Bike Sharing Case
Authors: Ploos van Amstel Dirk , Kuijer Lenneke , van der Lugt Remko , Eggen Berry
Published: May 2022

Closing the loop of products and materials in Product Service Systems (PSS) can be approached by designers in several ways. One promising strategy is to invoke a greater sense of ownership of the products and materials that are used within a PSS. To develop and evaluate a design tool in the context of PSS, our case study focused on a bicycle sharing service. The central question was whether and how designers can be supported with a design tool, based on psychological ownership, to involve users in closing the loop activities. We developed a PSS design tool based on psychological ownership literature and implemented it in a range of design iterations. This resulted in ten design proposals and two implemented design interventions. To evaluate the design tool, 42 project members were interviewed about their design process. The design interventions were evaluated through site visits, an interview with the bicycle repairer responsible, and nine users of the bicycle service. We conclude that a psychological ownership-based design tool shows potential to contribute to closing the resource loop by allowing end users and service provider of PSS to collaborate on repair and maintenance activities. Our evaluation resulted in suggestions for revising the psychological ownership design tool, including adding ‘Giving Feedback’ to the list of affordances, prioritizing ‘Enabling’ and ‘Simplification’ over others and recognize a reciprocal relationship between service provider and service user when closing the loop activities.
The Impact of Fly Ashes from Thermal Conversion of Sewage Sludge on Properties of Natural Building Materials on the Example of Clay
Authors: Wiśniewski Krzysztof , Rutkowska Gabriela , Jeleniewicz Katarzyna , Dąbkowski Norbert , Wójt Jarosław , Chalecki Marek , Siwiński Jarosław
Published: May 2022

The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, introduced by the European Union, opened the possibility of conducting experimental works on a new generation of materials—ecological and environmentally friendly ones. Such materials include those which combine raw natural resources with waste subject to disposal. The objective of the performed investigations was an assessment of the influence of fly ashes on selected parameters of building materials. The paper proposes a method of the enrichment of clay with fly ash, which would lead to the neutralization of heavy metals in the burnt matrix, possible oxidation of organic substances present in the ashes, or the destruction of pathogens, as well as an increase of the resistance of the clay ceramics to low temperatures. Clay samples were prepared with the addition of the fly ash from three sewage treatment plants. The experiments encompassed investigations of physical and chemical properties of the fly ash, as well as bending strength tests of the beam-shaped samples heated at temperatures of 20, 300, 500, and 700 °C. The beam halves, resulting from the destruction of the samples during these tests, served for testing the compressive strength. The collected results allowed a comparison of the properties of the samples. The obtained test results confirm the possibility of manufacturing a product modified with the fly ash from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge. The obtained compressive strength of the samples amounted 0.3–2.6 MPa.
Drought Risk Assessment of Sugarcane-Based Electricity Generation in the Rio dos Patos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Campos Zeballos Jazmin , Sebesvari Zita , Rhyner Jakob , Metz Markus , Bufon Vinicius Bof
Published: May 2022

Brazil has a large share of hydropower in its electricity matrix. Since hydropower depends on water availability, it is particularly vulnerable to drought events, making the Brazilian electricity matrix vulnerable to climate change. Starting in 2005, Brazil opened the matrix to new renewable sources, including sugarcane-based electricity. Sugarcane is known for its resilience to short dry spells. Over the last decades, its production area moved from the coastal plains of the Atlantic Forest biome to the savannahs of the Cerrado biome, which is characterised by a five- to six month-long dry season. The sugarcane-based electricity system is highly dynamic and complex due to the interlinkages, dependencies, and cascading impacts between its agricultural and industrial subsystems. This paper applies the risk framework proposed by the IPCC to assess climate-change-driven drought risks to sugarcane electricity generation systems to identify their strengths and weaknesses, considering the system dynamics and linkages. Our methodology aims to understand and characterize drought in the agriculture as well as industrial subsystems and offers a specific understanding of the system by using indicators tailored to sugarcane-based electricity generation. Our results underline the relevance of actions at different levels of management. Initiatives, such as regional weather forecasts specifically for agriculture, and measures to increase industrial water-use efficiency were identified to be essential to reduce the drought risk. Actions from farmers and mill owners, supported and guided by the government at different levels, have the potential to increase the resilience of the system. For example, the implementation of small dams was identified by local actors as a promising intervention to adapt to the long dry seasons; however, they need to be implemented based on a proper technical assessment in order to locate these dams in suitable places. Moreover, the results show that creating and maintaining small water reservoirs to enable the adoption of deficit-controlled irrigation technology contribute to reducing the overall drought risk of the sugarcane-based electricity generation system.
Supporting the Relevance of Chemistry Education through Sustainable Ionic Liquids Context: A Research-Based Design Approach
Authors: Pernaa Johannes , Kämppi Vilja , Aksela Maija
Published: May 2022

By introducing the sustainable nature of chemistry to students—makers of the future—teachers, and teacher students we can promote their scientific literacy and increase understanding of the relevance of chemistry research and studies in sustainability. Ionic liquids are a topical example of innovation of green chemistry research offering many possibilities for sustainable chemistry education. This article describes how to develop research-based learning materials on ionic liquids using educational design research as a design strategy. The design process included two cycles and the initial design solution was iterated via a qualitative case study conducted with future chemistry teachers. The main result of this research is the designed context-based activity that engages learners with individual, vocational, and societal levels of relevance. In addition, the study produced new insights into future chemistry teachers’ perceptions of ionic liquids’ possibilities in a chemistry learning context. According to future chemistry teachers, ionic liquids are an interesting new context for laboratory learning and can increase interest in chemistry studies.
An Improved SVM-Based Air-to-Ground Communication Scenario Identification Method Using Channel Characteristics
Authors: Zhu Guyue , Liu Yuanjian , Mao Kai , Zhang Jingyi , Hua Boyu , Li Shuangde
Published: May 2022

Scenario identification plays an important role in assisting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cognitive communications. Based on the scenario-dependent channel characteristics, a support vector machine (SVM)-based air-to-ground (A2G) scenario identification model is proposed. In the proposed model, the height of the UAV is also used as a feature to improve the identification accuracy. On the basis, an improved scenario identification method is developed including dataset acquisition, identification model training, and height-integrated model feedback. The shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/IM) method is used to obtain the datasets of channel characteristics, i.e., root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), K factor, and angle spread (AS) under five typical scenarios: over-sea, suburban, urban, dense urban and high-rise urban. SBR/IM is a symmetry-based ray tracing (RT) simulation method. After the identification model is trained, a height-integrated feedback scheme is used to increase the identification performance. The simulation results show that the identification accuracy of improved method is about 14% higher than the method without height feature, which reaches nearly 100% under the over-sea and suburban and over 80% in urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban.
A New Flexible Univariate and Bivariate Family of Distributions for Unit Interval (0, 1)
Authors: El-Morshedy Mahmoud , Tahir Muhammad H. , Hussain Muhammad Adnan , Al-Bossly Afrah , Eliwa Mohamed S.
Published: May 2022

We propose a new generator for unit interval which is used to establish univariate and bivariate families of distributions. The univariate family can serve as an alternate to the Kumaraswamy-G univariate family proposed earlier by Cordeiro and de-Castro in 2011. Further, the new generator can also be used to develop more alternate univariate and bivariate G-classes such as beta-G, McDonald-G, Topp-Leone-G, Marshall-Olkin-G and Transmuted-G for support (0, 1). Some structural properties of the univariate family are derived and the estimation of parameters is dealt. The properties of a special model of this new univariate family called a New Kumaraswamy-Weibull (NKwW) distribution are obtained and parameter estimation is considered. A Monte Carlo simulation is reported to assess NKwW model parameters. The bivariate extension of the family is proposed and the estimation of parameters is described. The simulation study is also conducted for bivariate model. Finally, the usefulness of the univariate NKwW model is illustrated empirically by means of three real-life data sets on Air Conditioned Failures, Flood and Breaking Strength of Fibers, and one real-life data on UEFA Champion’s League for bivariate model.
Stable Difference Schemes with Interpolation for Delayed One-Dimensional Transport Equation
Authors: Sampath Karthick , Veerasamy Subburayan , Agarwal Ravi
Published: May 2022

In this article, we consider the one-dimensional transport equation with delay and advanced arguments. A maximum principle is proven for the problem considered. As an application of the maximum principle, the stability of the solution is established. It is also proven that the solution’s discontinuity propagates. Finite difference methods with linear interpolation that are conditionally stable and unconditionally stable are presented. This paper presents applications of unconditionally stable numerical methods to symmetric delay arguments and differential equations with variable delays. As a consequence, the matrices of the difference schemes are asymmetric. An illustration of the unconditional stable method is provided with numerical examples. Solution graphs are drawn for all the problems.
Acute Viral Gastrointestinal (GI) Infections in the Tropics—A Role for Cartridge-Based Multiplex PCR Panels?
Authors: Kramme Stefanie , Dähne Theo , Fomenko Alexey , Panning Marcus
Published: May 2022

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) contributes to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. In particular, children in resource-poor settings suffer from frequent episodes of diarrhea. A variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, can cause AGE. Common viruses associated with AGE are norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus. Due to their similar clinical presentation, AGE pathogens cannot be distinguished on clinical grounds rendering the etiological diagnosis challenging. However, reliable diagnosis is essential for individual and public health reasons, e.g., to limit transmission, for appropriate antibiotic use, prognostic appreciation, and vaccination programs. Therefore, high-quality data derived by accurate diagnostics are important to improve global health. In Western industrialized countries, diagnosis relies on microbiological testing, including culture methods, microscopy, immunochromatography, and single-target molecular methods. Recently, multiplex PCR or syndromic panels have been introduced, which simultaneously analyze for multiple pathogens in a very short time. A further technological advancement is cartridge-based syndromic panels, which allow for near patient/point-of-care testing independently from a laboratory. In resource-poor tropical regions, however, laboratory diagnosis is rarely established, and there are little routine laboratory data on the epidemiology of viral AGE pathogens. Limiting factors for the implementation of syndromic panels are high costs, sophisticated equipment, and the need for trained personnel. In addition, pilot studies have shown a large number of viral (co-)detections among healthy controls, thus further challenging their clinical utilization. Hence, there are little evidence-based data on the impact of multiplex syndromic panels from resource-limited regions. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of what is known about the use of syndromic panels for virus-associated AGE in tropical regions and to address future challenges.
Adaptation of the H7N2 Feline Influenza Virus to Human Respiratory Cell Culture
Authors: Sekine Wataru , Takenaka-Uema Akiko , Kamiki Haruhiko , Ishida Hiroho , Matsugo Hiromichi , Murakami Shin , Horimoto Taisuke
Published: May 2022

During 2016–2017, the H7N2 feline influenza virus infected more than 500 cats in animal shelters in New York, USA. A veterinarian who had treated the cats became infected with this feline virus and showed mild respiratory symptoms. This suggests that the H7N2 feline influenza virus may evolve into a novel pandemic virus with a high pathogenicity and transmissibility as a result of mutations in humans. In this study, to gain insight into the molecular basis of the transmission of the feline virus to humans, we selected mutant viruses with enhanced growth in human respiratory A549 cells via successive passages of the virus and found almost all mutations to be in the envelope glycoproteins, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The reverse genetics approach revealed that the HA mutations, HA1-H16Q, HA2-I47T, or HA2-Y119H, in the stalk region can lead to a high growth of mutant viruses in A549 cells, possibly by changing the pH threshold for membrane fusion. Furthermore, NA mutation, I28S/L, or three-amino-acid deletion in the transmembrane region can enhance viral growth in A549 cells, possibly by changing the HA–NA functional balance. These findings suggest that the H7N2 feline influenza virus has the potential to become a human pathogen by adapting to human respiratory cells, owing to the synergistic biological effect of the mutations in its envelope glycoproteins.
Development of a Scoring System to Differentiate Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome from Scrub Typhus
Authors: Sul Hyoung , Yun Na Ra , Kim Dong-Min , Kim Young Keun , Kim Jieun , Hur Jian , Jung Sook In , Ryu Seong Yeol , Lee Ji Yeon , Huh Kyungmin , Kwak Yee Gyung , Jeong Hye Won , Heo Jung Yeon , Jung Dong Sik , Lee Sun Hee , Park Sun Hee , Yeom Joon-Sup , Lee Hyungdon
Published: May 2022

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and scrub typhus are disorders with similar clinical features; therefore, differentiating between them is difficult. We retrospectively collected data from 183 SFTS and 178 scrub typhus patients and validated an existing scoring system to develop a more sensitive, specific, and objective scoring system. We first applied the scoring systems proposed by Kim et al. to differentiate SFTS from scrub typhus. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that altered mental status, leukopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) level (≤1.0 mg/dL) were significantly associated with SFTS. We changed the normal CRP level from ≤1.0 mg/dL to ≤3.0 mg/dL and replaced altered mental status with the creatine kinase (CK) level. The modified scoring system showed 97% sensitivity and 96% specificity for SFTS (area under the curve (AUC): 0.983) and a higher accuracy than the original scoring system (p = 0.0308). This study’s scoring system had 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity for SFTS (AUC: 0.992) and a higher accuracy than Kim et al.’s original scoring system (p = 0.0308). Our scoring system that incorporated leukopenia, prolonged aPTT, normal CRP level (≤3.0 mg/dL), and elevated CK level (>1000 IU/L) easily differentiated SFTS from scrub typhus in an endemic area.
Elimination of Hepatitis C in Southern Italy: A Model of HCV Screening and Linkage to Care among Hospitalized Patients at Different Hospital Divisions
Authors: Rosato Valerio , Kondili Loreta A. , Nevola Riccardo , Perillo Pasquale , Mastrocinque Davide , Aghemo Alessio , Claar Ernesto
Published: May 2022

Background: Free-of-charge HCV screening in some key populations and in 1969–1989 birth cohorts has been funded in Italy as the first step to diagnosing individuals who are infected but asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of an opportunistic HCV screening and its linkage to care. Methods: A hospital-based HCV screening was conducted as a routine test for in-patients admitted to the Evangelical Hospital Betania of Naples from January 2020 to May 2021. All consecutive in-patients were screened for the HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) at the time of their admission to the hospital, and those born prior to year 2000 were included in the study. HCV-RNA testing was required for those not previously treated and without antiviral treatment contraindications. For in-patients with an active infection, treatment started soon after hospital admission. Results: Among 12,665 inpatients consecutively screened, 510 (4%) were HCV-Ab positive. The HCV-Ab positivity rate increased with age, reaching the highest prevalence (9.49%) in those born before 1947. Among patients positive for HCV, 118 (23.1%) had been previously treated, 172 (33.9%) had been discharged before being tested for HCV-RNA, and 26 (5.1%) had not been tested for short life expectancy. Of 194 (38% of HCV-Ab+) patients who were tested for HCV-RNA, 91 (46.2%) were HCV-RNA positive. Of patients with active infection, 33 (36%) were admitted to the liver unit with signs of liver damage either not previously diagnosed or diagnosed but unlinked to care for HCV infection. Of the patients positive for HCV-RNA, 87 (95.6%) started treatment; all achieved sustained virological response. Conclusion: HCV active infection has been frequently found in patients with comorbidities admitted in the hospital in Southern Italy. To achieve HCV elimination in Italy, broader screening strategies are required. In addition to screening of the 1969–1989 birth cohort of individuals unaware of their infection status, diagnosis and linkage to care of patients with known liver damage is strictly required. Hospital screening is feasible, but prompt reflex testing for identifying HCV-active infections is necessary to increase diagnosis and subsequent linkage to care.
Adaptation of Two Wild Bird-Origin H3N8 Avian Influenza Viruses to Mammalian Hosts
Authors: Liang Jianpeng , Li Qian , Cai Linlin , Yuan Qingli , Chen Libin , Lin Qiuyan , Xiao Chencheng , Xiang Bin , Ren Tao
Published: May 2022

Wild birds play an important role in the emergence, evolution, and spread of zoonotic avian influenza viruses (AIVs). However, there are few studies on the cross-species transmission of the H3N8 AIV originating from wild birds. In this study, we investigated the transmissibility and pathogenicity of two H3N8 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from wild birds, GZA1 and XJ47, to mammals. The HA genes of both strains belonged to Eurasian isolates, while the other genes were derived from a variety of other subtypes of AIVs. Both strains can infect specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, BALB/c mice, and guinea pigs. The XJ47 strain spread horizontally in SPF chickens and guinea pigs. The GZA1 strain did not spread horizontally but caused higher weight loss and mild lung inflammation in mice. P12-GZA1- and P12-XJ47-adapted strains obtained after 12 passages in the lung of mice showed enhanced pathogenicity in mice, which led to obvious clinical symptoms, lung inflammation, and 100% death. Both adapted strains have the reported mutation T97I in the PA, and the reported mutation D701N in PB2 has been found in the P12-GZA1-adapted strain. This study provides an important scientific basis for the continuous monitoring of wild AIVs and the mechanism underlying AIV cross-species transmission.
Proof of Proficiency of Decentralized Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Diagnostics in Germany
Authors: Keck Hanna , Hoffmann Bernd , Eschbaumer Michael
Published: May 2022

A proficiency test was performed to verify that the regional veterinary laboratories in Germany can provide reliable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) diagnostics. Overall, 24 samples were to be analyzed for FMDV-specific nucleic acids by real-time RT-PCR, and 16 samples had to be tested by ELISA for antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV. For both methods, a range of dilutions of the original materials (inactivated FMDV vaccine or convalescent serum from infected animals, respectively) was prepared, and negative samples were included as well. All 23 participating laboratories were able to detect FMDV genome down to a dilution of 1:100,000 of the vaccine preparation. Even at a dilution of 1:1,000,000, FMDV genome was detected by more than half of the participants. With the antibody ELISA, all sera were correctly identified by all participating laboratories. No false-positive results were returned with either method. All participating laboratories were found to be fully proficient in FMDV diagnostics.
Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range
Authors: Miner Kimberley R. , Campbell Seth , Gerbi Christopher , Liljedahl Anna , Anderson Therese , Perkins L. Brian , Bernsen Steven , Gatesman Tiffany , Kreutz Karl J.
Published: May 2022

To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across glacial meltwater and ice core samples, we utilize solid-phase extraction technology and identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α-HCH and γ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7–14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79 m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and possibly associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight malaria in Asia and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice of this remote glacier, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for bioaccumulation of OCPs, in humans or animals, of glacially distributed pollutants may increase as glacial melt continues.
A Copula-Based Bayesian Network for Modeling Compound Flood Hazard from Riverine and Coastal Interactions at the Catchment Scale: An Application to the Houston Ship Channel, Texas
Authors: Couasnon Anaïs , Sebastian Antonia , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo
Published: May 2022

Traditional flood hazard analyses often rely on univariate probability distributions; however, in many coastal catchments, flooding is the result of complex hydrodynamic interactions between multiple drivers. For example, synoptic meteorological conditions can produce considerable rainfall-runoff, while also generating wind-driven elevated sea-levels. When these drivers interact in space and time, they can exacerbate flood impacts, a phenomenon known as compound flooding. In this paper, we build a Bayesian Network based on Gaussian copulas to generate the equivalent of 500 years of daily stochastic boundary conditions for a coastal watershed in Southeast Texas. In doing so, we overcome many of the limitations of conventional univariate approaches and are able to probabilistically represent compound floods caused by riverine and coastal interactions. We model the resulting water levels using a one-dimensional (1D) steady-state hydraulic model and find that flood stages in the catchment are strongly affected by backwater effects from tributary inflows and downstream water levels. By comparing our results against a bathtub modeling approach, we show that simplifying the multivariate dependence between flood drivers can lead to an underestimation of flood impacts, highlighting that accounting for multivariate dependence is critical for the accurate representation of flood risk in coastal catchments prone to compound events.
The Effects of a Typhoon on the Dynamic of Microbial Community Structure and Water Quality of the Marine Bathing Beach
Authors: Ming Hongxia , Wang Yantao , Su Jie , Fu Yunhan , Xu Jianrong , Shi Tingting , Ren Kaijia , Jin Yuan , Fan Jingfeng
Published: May 2022

Dalian Jinshitan beach was chosen to evaluate the impact of a typhoon on the bacterial community structure and water quality of a marine bathing beach. The concentration of enterococci was determined by the cultivation method. The bacterial community structure and abundance were analyzed using the 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing and qPCR methods. Results showed that the abundance of cultivable enterococci both in alongshore and offshore seawater increased, while it decreased in dry, wet and submerged sand. The water quality deteriorated immediately after the typhoon, and nearly recovered one month after the typhoon. The typhoon event also decreased the bacterial abundance and changed the bacterial community of the beach. Sphingomonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae significantly increased in seawater and decreased in dry sand immediately after the typhoon. Human and other fecal taxa increased in water and sand. One month after the typhoon, the diversity and many dominant bacterial taxa nearly recovered in seawater and wet sand. Our work shows that the typhoon changed the bacterial dynamics, deteriorated the water quality and proved the transportation of bacterial taxa and input of fecal pollution between water and beach sand or land. Apart from the impact of the typhoon, the geographical location was another important factor in the changed bacterial community.
Interpreting Self-Potential Signal during Reactive Transport: Application to Calcite Dissolution and Precipitation
Authors: Rembert Flore , Jougnot Damien , Luquot Linda , Guérin Roger
Published: May 2022

Geochemistry and reactive transport play a critical role in many fields. In particular, calcite dissolution and precipitation are chemical processes occurring ubiquitously in the Earth’s subsurface. Therefore, understanding and quantifying them are necessary for various applications (e.g., water resources, reservoirs, geo-engineering). These fundamental geochemical processes can be monitored using the self-potential (SP) method, which is sensitive to pore space changes, water mineralization, and mineral–solution interactions. However, there is a lack of physics-based models linking geochemical processes to the SP response. Thus, in this study, we develop the first geochemical–geophysical fully coupled multi-species numerical workflow to predict the SP electrochemical response. This workflow is based on reactive transport simulation and the computation of a new expression for the electro-diffusive coupling for multiple ionic species. We apply this workflow to calcite dissolution and precipitation experiments, performed for this study and focused on SP monitoring alternating with sample electrical conductivity (EC) measurements. We carried out this experimental part on a column packed with calcite grains, equipped for multichannel SP and EC monitoring and subjected to alternating dissolution or precipitation conditions. From this combined experimental investigation and numerical analysis, the SP method shows clear responses related to ionic concentration gradients, well reproduced with electro-diffusive simulation, and no measurable electrokinetic coupling. This novel coupled approach allows us to determine and predict the location of the reactive zone. The workflow developed for this study opens new perspectives for SP applications to characterize biogeochemical processes in reactive porous media.
Spartina alterniflora Invaded Coastal Wetlands by Raising Soil Sulfur Contents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhenzhen , Cheng Liyu , He Chiquan , Wang Feifei , Liu Jialin , Li Yuanhang , Chen Xueping , Liu Xiaoyan , Lv Gaoming , Wang Daoyuan
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, plant invasion has become a global ecological threat to local biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Spartina alterniflora encroaches on the ecological niches of local species and changes the soil’s nutrient cycle. However, few comprehensive assessments focus on the effects of S. alterniflora invasion. Here, we investigated how soil sulfur changed with spatiotemporal variation and life forms of native species after S. alterniflora invasion and speculated the possible mechanism of the sulfur increase based on the references. The invasion of S. alterniflora increased soil total sulfur by 57.29% and phytotoxic sulfide by 193.29%. In general, the invasion of S. alterniflora enhanced the total plant biomass and soil nutrients, e.g., soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil microbial biomass carbon, further increasing soil sulfur content. The sulfur accumulation caused by S. alterniflora might result in the poisoning of native species. Thus, we hypothesized that the success of S. alterniflora invasion was closely connected with soil sulfur, especially toxic sulfide. Our study suggests that researchers should give more attention to the correlation between S. alterniflora invasion and the soil sulfur increase. More research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of the successful invasion by accumulating phytotoxic sulfide.
Stochastic Determination of Combined Sewer Overflow Loads for Decision-Making Purposes and Operational Follow-Up
Authors: Dirckx Geert , Vinck Evi , Kroll Stefan
Published: May 2022

Characterizing the emissions and impact of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) remains one of the key challenges in the field of urban wastewater. Considering the large number of existing CSOs, decision-makers need a pragmatic approach that allows fairly easy, hands-on determination of emissions (particularly loads) without compromising accuracy. This philosophy is incorporated in the Cockle tool presented here, which uses stochastically processed input from a vast amount of pre-registered water quality data (pollutant concentrations) in combination with spill flow time series either generated from hydrodynamic models or converted from monitored overflow water levels. Uncertainty is intrinsically covered by the statistical output range of the reported results. As a fully automated tool, Cockle allows to readily assess emissions within a chosen time frame, facilitating more accurate guidance for further remediation actions and/or mapping of the current state for operational follow-up.
On Measuring the Impact of Internal Devaluation in Greece: Poverty, Flexibility, Migration and Growthless Employment
Authors: Missos Vlassis , Rodousakis Nikolaos , Soklis George
Published: May 2022

This article takes a critical view on austerity policy and examines its social and economic consequences for the case of Greece. By introducing the concept of “growthless employment” it demonstrates that the implementation of internal devaluation policies had a substantial impact on the Greek society that needs to be addressed. Within a decade, household disposable income was reduced to an unprecedented level while the labour market was extensively deregulated as several indicators can display. The seemingly paradoxical case of employment without growth—hence, growthless employment—can be interpreted as the consequence of the intensity of the mix of austerity policies that was imposed as “one-size-fits-all” without taking the peculiar structure of the Greek economy into account. A descriptive examination of this idiosyncratic state of affairs is offered, providing new insights on how the level of depreciation can be better assessed. It is argued that the overall severity of the crisis is better captured by the level of disposable income whereas a modified measurement of poverty and income depreciation is introduced for the same purpose. Lastly it is maintained that Greece has suffered by an enormous outflow of its productive-aged population in the aftermath of the crisis. All the above concretise the idea of growthless employment in Greece.
Youth of the Civil War: history in fates
Authors:   Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities, Sevastyanov Aleksandr Nikitich
Published: May 2022

Working with award lists, orders and announcements of the High Command of the White Army, I suddenly came across a very peculiar set of documents concerning the participation of children and youth in the Civil War on the side of the whites. A characteristic feature of the White resistance, which began immediately after the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in October 1917, from the very beginning was the massive participation of young people - pupils of military school, cadets, gymnasium students, high school and university students. Throughout the Civil War, the White Army constantly experienced a shortage of fighters and problems with mobilizing the population. Many documents that I came across in the course of my searches tell about this. In the orders of the commander-in-chief, in the reports of the officers, much is said about irreplaceable losses, difficulties of the new conscription, and melting of military contingents. The article reveals the tragedy of Russia, which survived a fratricidal war, and shows the fate of those who were able to return to productive work in Soviet times. The materials of the article, based on archival documents, make it possible to comprehend with renewed vigor the dramatic events of the early 20th century in Russia.
Lifestyle as a social problem
Authors:   Baku State University, Kasumova Madina Arif kyzy
Published: May 2022

The interaction between humans and the environment, including social one, determines their behavior, particularly those associated with general forms of life. Among social forms of life, lifestyle occupies an important place in terms of possibility to influence social development as a whole. The way of life presupposes the stability and sustainability of human existence. At the same time, the nature of the formation of a way of life leads to the need to solve a number of social problems. They are associated with the nature and content of labor, a person's place in the social structure of society. The needs and interests of people play an important role here. Modern trends in the globalization of public relations, the environmental crisis and the struggle for resources predetermine the nature of social problems associated with lifestyle. In Azerbaijan, along with traditional features, the way of life reflects such realities as the Karabakh war, the impact of the market economy, information and communication technologies, and general trends in the globalization of social life. The issues of forced migration due to the Karabakh conflict, the standard of living, the level of development of education and culture, the need to improve the environment, upgrade the structure of needs, both material and spiritual, are among the social problems that need to be solved for improving the way of life and await their solution. These problems require a detailed sociological analysis. First, it is necessary to clarify the content of the main categories associated with these problems.
PATHS TO INCLUSION AND ACCEPTANCE – DEVELOPING A MULTIDIMENSIONAL TEACHER DEVELOPMENT MODULE IN THE WIN PROJECT
Authors: Arva V. , Trentinne Benko E.
Published: May 2022

This article is the presentation of a didactic module of the online learning platform created to support the use of a digital story writing application, which was developed by the Erasmus+ K2 project Writing for Inclusion (WIN). The paper explores the EU educational policy for a plurilingual and pluricultural Europe, where the ideas of care and inclusion play an important role. The focus is on how the authors designed the Module ’Didactics applied to Writing for Inclusion’ for the learning platform. In the course of the material development the authors applied a multidimensional approach to teaching story writing and sensitising for care and inclusion in the primary classroom.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BASIC CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ WORK: NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Yanitska-Panek T.
Published: May 2022

The article emphasizes that since 1999 Poland has been using the core curriculum, which is a significant change in the organization of the education system and training planning in view of the reform changes associated with Poland’s accession to the European Community. This reform and other changes became the preconditions for Poland’s accession to the European Union in May 2004.

By 2017, the core curriculum had been re-approved six times by the Ministry of Education. The EU regularly updates key competencies, which require rethinking, modernizing the national core curriculum and then the curricula of educational and didactic institutions. It is proved that taking into account the principle of individualization and the needs of students with specific educational needs. It is necessary to regularly update key competencies in the curriculum.

An urgent issue is the substantiation of the teacher training concept. It is crucial to diagnose the tendencies needed to work with younger students, respond to changing demands of socio-cultural and economic development, take into account national characteristics, and update the content of education based on innovation. Since 2018, the issue of primary school teachers’ competencies formation that demonstrates the ability to systematic pedagogical activities, cooperation, production of innovations, and their use in the educational process has become relevant.
UNDERSTANDING THE CATEGORY OF HEALTH, MEDICAL COMPETENCE AND SANITARY EDUCATION IN ADULT EDUCATION IN GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Authors: Matulchyk Ju.
Published: May 2022

In this article is highlighted the research results by the project VEGA č. 1/0293/21 «Teaching health to different categories of adults». This research is focusing on the concept of health, medically sanitary competence and medically sanitary education in German-speaking countries, including Austria and Germany. The main purpose of this article is to analyze a content of medically sanitary competence and health, as well as to determine the specifics of medical and sanitary education of adults in German-speaking countries. Also, in this article was described the content and components of medically sanitary education, sanitary education and health education. The main starting points for understanding the mentioned categories are: adult orientation to health as opposed to disease orientation, orientation to subjects with their interests and needs in their social and environmental context as opposed to expert orientation, multifactor understanding of health as a personality trait, orientation to everyday life and strengthening the effective competencies of adults, which traditionally includes social training, self-determination regarding health and self-help with illness. It is proved that understanding of health, medically sanitary competence and sanitary education is differentiated both on theoretical principles and in terms of their implementation in specific conditions, in particular the medical institution itself. It has been established that leading Austrian and German experts pay considerable attention to determine a relationship between medical literacy, health competence and a person’s behavior in maintaining their own health. It is proved that in German-speaking countries, significant attention is also paid to non-formal medical education and informal adult studying. The creation of recommendations for organizations of medical education and medically sanitary education of adult citizens is promising.
MODERN MILITARY VOCABULARY IN TEACHING ENGLISH: LINGUISTIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MASTERING
Authors: Styrkina Yu.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the linguistic and social aspects of mastering English-language military terminology and its relevance in modern life realities. The author offers the development of military vocabulary in foreign language classes, regular acquaintance with news from authentic English-language sources and the preparation of concise political reports on a daily basis. This should help students to activate passive vocabulary in oral speech, as well as keep abreast of events, read news on foreign sites, be able to talk about them in the media and social networks, conduct dialogues with native English speakers on modern topics. The article also notes that due to the large number of people resettled in Europe due to the war, there is a need to conduct dialogues on military issues, generally actively communicate abroad, so the author emphasizes the need to learn and activate the military vocabulary of modern university graduates.
PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT WHILE TEACHING PHILOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES
Authors: Braiilko Yu. , Palekha O. , Rudych O.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the topical issue of primary school teacher training in higher educational institutions. The purpose of the research is to investigate the process of developing primary school teachers’ soft skills in the process of teaching philological disciplines.

After a comparative analysis of the definitions of the category ‘soft skills’ proposed by Ukrainian and foreign researchers, the authors have emphasized that soft skills are especially crucial for primary school teachers. Researchers have noted that to form and develop soft skills effectively during lectures and practical classes it is necessary to use different ways of interaction, namely games, case studies, colloquia, and individual and group projects.
CONTINUITY AS A LEADING TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHOREOGRAPHIC EDUCATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Blahova T.
Published: May 2022

The article describes the reveals signs of its continuity as a leading trend of development, actualizes the strategic directions of modernization of choreographic education in Ukraine and ways to overcome the crisis phenomena of its development at different educational levels.