bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Whole-School Approaches to Transform Mental Health in UK Schools: A Realist Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Spencer Liam P , Flynn Darren , Johnson Amy , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Newham James J , Perkins Neil , Wood Markku , Woodley Helen , Henderson Emily J
Published: April 2022

Evidence suggests that mental health interventions are more effective when they consider the whole context of schools; addressing the needs of all students, their families, and staff; otherwise known as a whole-school approach (WSA). The UK Government is piloting WSAs to transform mental health and wellbeing by locating educational mental health practitioners in educational settings across England. This study aims to develop a ‘bottom-up’ understanding of the contextual factors and mechanisms that underlie WSAs in Trailblazer schools in the North East and North Cumbria, to gain insight into the facilitators and barriers of delivering a WSA, and optimal evaluation methods. To undertake a realist evaluation, we included the generation of initial programme theories from existing academic literature and policy documents; ‘theory gleaning’ interviews with NHS/local authority stakeholders, Trailblazer staff and school senior leaders; refining and development of theories; and individual interviews and focus groups with pupils, parent/carers and school staff. The findings will enable Trailblazer partners to better understand how their WSAs to mental health contain the essential components for transformation in schools in the region. This will contribute to the embedding of continuous evaluation into regional Trailblazers’ practice for participating schools, for subsequent annual waves and producing relevant findings for non-Trailblazer schools. Complementing the national evaluation of all 25 Wave 1 Trailblazer pilot sites, this study will generate an explanatory theoretical account of how to optimally design, implement and evaluate WSAs by exploring the contextual factors associated with implementation of WSAs.
Towards Culturally Sensitive Shared Decision-Making in Oncology A Study Protocol Integrating Bioethical Qualitative Research on Shared Decision-Making Among Ethnic Minorities With Ethical Reflection
Authors: Oueslati Roukayya , Reis Ria , de Vries Martine C. , Slager Meralda T. , van der Sijp Joost R. M. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Touwen Dorothea P.
Published: April 2022

Background

Shared decision-making (SDM) is often considered the ideal for decision-making in oncology. Views of specific groups such as ethnic minorities have seldom been considered in its development.

Aim

In this study we seek to assess in oncology if there is a need for adaptation of the current SDM model to ethnic minorities and to formulate possible adjustments.

Design

This study is embedded in empirical bioethics, an interdisciplinary approach integrating empirical data with ethical reasoning to formulate normative conclusions regarding a practice. For the empirical social scientific part, a cross-sectional qualitative study will be conducted; for the ethical reflection the Reflective Equilibrium will be used to develop a coherent view on the application of SDM among ethnic minorities in oncology.

Method

Semi-structured interviews combined with visual methods (timelines and relational maps) will be held with healthcare professionals (HCPs), ethnic minority patients, and their relatives to identify values steering the behavior of these actors in SDM. In addition, focus groups (FGs) will be held with ethnic minority community members to identify value structures at the group level. Respondents will be recruited through organizations with access to ethnic minorities and collaborating hospitals. Data will be analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis through the lens of Schwartz’s value theory. The results of the empirical phase will be included in the RE to formulate possible adjustments of the SDM model, if needed.

Discussion

The integration of empirical data with ethical reflection is an innovative method in decision-making. This method enables a systematic and profound assessment of the need for adaptation of SDM and the formulation of theoretically and empirically based suggestions for adaptations of the model. Findings of this study may enrich the SDM model.
The Walking Interview: A Promising Method for Promoting the Participation of Autistic People in Research Projects
Authors: Marcotte Justine , Grandisson Marie , Milot Élise , Dupéré Sophie
Published: April 2022

Walking interviews are increasingly used in the field of health to understand the relationship between individuals and places. With this method, the interviewer and the participant move from place to place within an environment and use it to enrich the discussion. Several advantages have been reported concerning its use, such as the richness of the data it provides and that it allows interviewers to immerse themselves in the participant’s world.

This article is based on the experience of using walking interviews in an innovative context, with 10 autistic adolescents and adults and 13 parents. The method was used in the participants’ home environment, as part of study conducted in Québec (Canada) on home environment factors that influence autistic people’s independence at home. It was chosen to meet the study objectives, but also to support the participation of autistic people in research interviews. These people’s participation in research can be a challenge when data collection methods are not adapted, given the difficulties that some have communicating and interacting socially, as well as discussing abstract topics.

In this article, the advantages, limitations and suggestions related to the use of walking interviews are reported from the participants’ and interviewer’s perspectives. The authors also discuss the potential for using walking interviews to collect the perspectives of other populations, especially those with difficulties expressing themselves, such as allophones or people with language disorders.
Outcomes of vein reconstruction using bovine pericardial patch
Authors: Ahn Jong-Sung , Mo Hyejin , Ahn Sanghyun , Han Ahram , Min Sangil , Min Seung-Kee , Ha Jongwon
Published: April 2022

Background

The bovine pericardium is a good alternative material to the autogenous vein in vascular reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the results of angioplasty in venous reconstruction using bovine pericardium and identify the risk factors for significant complications.

Material and Methods

A retrospective review was performed of the demographic data, clinical characteristics, and complications of patients who underwent vessel repair using bovine pericardium between February 2012 and December 2020. Univariate analysis was used to compare complication frequencies within several categories.

Results

There were 36 cases of patch angioplasty using bovine pericardium. The median age was 65 years; 61% of them were men. Of the 36 venous repairs, 31 (86.1%) were from cancer surgery and five (13.9%) were from iatrogenic injury. Patch shape was used in 27 cases (75.0%), while tube shape was used in nine cases (25.0%). The incidence of occlusion and partial thrombus was five (13.9%) and three (8.3%) cases, respectively. Of the nine tube-shaped angioplasties, four (44.4%) required reoperation due to early thrombosis (three cases) and hematoma (one case).

Conclusion

The use of a bovine pericardial patch in the reconstruction of a damaged vein from tumor invasion or iatrogenic injury is feasible. However, the complication rate of vessel patency remains substantial, especially in cases of iatrogenic injury or when a tube-shaped form is used for repair.
Learning new words by reading books: Does semantic information help?
Authors: Smejkalova Anezka , Chetail Fabienne
Published: April 2022

Encountering new words during reading is a common experience of any adult reader and it constitutes an important source of word knowledge. Despite the ubiquity of this phenomenon, studies remain scarce in adults. Here, we addressed new word acquisition in adults using a natural contextual exposure, and we focused on the influence of context informativeness on orthographic learning. Indeed, previous studies suggest that the availability of semantic information plays an important role in orthographic learning in adults, but no such advantage was found in children. We hypothesised that this discrepancy comes from the fact that new word learning was examined almost only through artificial settings in adults. On the contrary, in the present study, adult participants were exposed to new words by reading a book. Half of the new words were embedded in informative contexts (easy to infer new word meaning) and the other half in less informative contexts. Both recall and recognition tasks were used to assess orthographic and semantic learning. The results showed efficient learning of the orthographic form and no reliable effect of the context informativeness. Regarding semantic learning, we found that if a word was correctly spelled, its definition was more likely to be retrieved. This shows that the orthographic and semantic dimensions of a word co-occurring in context are likely to influence each other during lexical acquisition. More generally, the present experiment showed that using an ecological learning design is essential to understand the mechanism of new word learning.
A language compatibility effect in fraction processing
Authors: Park Jimin , Im Soo-hyun , Varma Sashank
Published: April 2022

A language compatibility effect occurs when there is a match between what a language provides and what a mathematical task demands. Here, we investigated whether such an effect exists for fraction processing in English, which names the numerator first, versus Korean, which names the denominator first. We developed two new tasks: a fraction span task where participants view and then recall four fractions and a fraction identification task where they view one fraction and then another and judge whether the two fractions are the same or not. We generally found that English speakers were advantaged when the numerator drove task performance and Korean speakers were advantaged when the denominator was critical. These findings, particularly from the fraction identification task, were inconsistent with the attentional focus hypothesis, which proposes that the serialisation bias of a language guides which fraction component is attended to first. Rather, they were better explained by the verbal encoding hypothesis, which states that a necessary condition for observing language compatibility effects may be that the fraction components must be encoded in verbal working memory and rehearsed there.
Repetition enhances the effects of activated long-term memory
Authors: Plater Lindsay , Nyman Sandra , Joubran Samantha , Al-Aidroos Naseem
Published: April 2022

Recent research indicates that visual long-term memory (vLTM) representations directly interface with perception and guide attention. This may be accomplished through a state known as activated LTM, however, little is known about the nature of activated LTM. Is it possible to enhance the attentional effects of these activated representations? And furthermore, is activated LTM discrete (i.e., a representation is either active or not active, but only active representations interact with perception) or continuous (i.e., there are different levels within the active state that all interact with perception)? To answer these questions, in the present study, we measured intrusion effects during a modified Sternberg task. Participants saw two lists of three complex visual objects, were cued that only one list was relevant for the current trial (the other list was, thus, irrelevant), and then their memory for the cued list was probed. Critically, half of the trials contained repeat objects (shown 10 times each), and half of the trials contained non-repeat objects (shown only once each). Results indicated that repetition enhanced activated LTM, as the intrusion effect (i.e., longer reaction times to irrelevant list objects than novel objects) was larger for repeat trials compared with non-repeat trials. These initial findings provide preliminary support that LTM activation is continuous, as the intrusion effect was not the same size for repeat and non-repeat trials. We conclude that researchers should repeat stimuli to increase the size of their effects and enhance how LTM representations interact with perception.
Importance of disguising groundstrokes in a match between two top tennis players (Federer and Djokovic)
Authors: Dimic Milos , Furuya Ryosuke , Kanosue Kazuyuki
Published: April 2022

At the elite level in tennis, players tend to “disguise” their stroke intentions, confuse the receiver's judgment, and interfere with their anticipatory response. How frequent and effective disguised strokes are used remains unclear. We tried to answer these questions by analysing performance differences in the two consecutive sets of the match in the 2019 Wimbledon final, played by two tennis greats. Our hypothesis was that by effectively disguising their stroke intention, the hitters in this match could establish tactical superiority. By utilizing frame by frame video analysis, we determined whether each groundstroke was done with disguised intention or not. A disguised stroke was defined as the stroke, whose Initial Stroke Intention (ISI) of the ball direction in the pre-contact phase differed from the actual post-contact trajectory. To judge the ISI, we analysed the hitters’ cues during the pre-contact period, court movement before the loading phase (contextual observation), and body posture during the set-up phase (preparing the body for force generation). To investigate the effectiveness of disguised strokes, we evaluated the receiver's anticipatory movement as well as subsequent point dynamics. Our results show that both players, as hitters, created advantageous point dynamics (APD) (winners or advantage) while as receivers made incorrect anticipatory responses significantly more frequently to the disguised strokes than that of the undisguised strokes. As hypothesized, disguised strokes in the match between two tennis experts can be not only highly unpredictable but also efficient in creating a tactical advantage for the hitter and a disadvantage for the receiver.
Sequence and efficacy of game complexes in high-level women’s volleyball: A novel perspective through Social Network Analysis
Authors: Laporta Lorenzo , De Conti Teixeira Costa Gustavo , Fernandes Leonardo Gasparini , Pastori Iago Augusto , Rocha Augusto Cézar Rodrigues , Hileno Raúl , Lima Ricardo Franco , Castro Henrique de Oliveira , Afonso José
Published: April 2022

The stereotyped sequence of volleyball actions allows organising them into six game complexes (K), each with specific dynamics. The purpose of this study was to verify the game flow in high-level women's volleyball through the sequencing of game complexes, their relative importance within the game and their relationship to attack efficacy. Seven matches of the Women's Brazil Cup’2020, knockout competition played by the 8 best teams of the 2019/2020 Superliga, were analysed (31 sets, 1268 rallies). The matches were obtained through the online video platform www.youtube.com . Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2) with Monte Carlo correction was used to assess the association between the variables, and Social Network Analysis with Eigenvector Centrality for the understanding of the nodes interactions their relative importance in a global context. The highest frequencies occurred for K0 (28.75%), KI (25.54%), and KII (23.39%), followed by KIII (15.60%), KV (3.73%), and KIV (2.99%). Positive associations occurred between KI and error; K0 and first KIV and continuity; and between KI, KII, first KIII, second KIII, first KV or second KV and point. The highest Eigenvector Centrality values occurred in first KVE1 and first KIVE1, and the lowest in K0E0, K0E2 and seventh KIIIE0. The results showed that the game complexes unfold in sequences with different frequencies; the sequences K0E1-KIE2, K0E1-KIE1-KIIE2; K0E1-KIE0 and K0E1-KIE1-KIIE1-KIII(1)E2 are the most frequent, which is informative for approximating the regularities of the training sessions to those of the matches.
Teamwork and performance in professional women's football: A network-based analysis
Authors: de Jong Laura M.S. , Gastin Paul B. , Bruce Lyndell , Dwyer Dan B.
Published: April 2022

Analysis of the underlying tactics and teamwork in women's football is rare and it is unknown how professional women's teams cooperate to be successful. The aim of this study was to investigate teamwork using network analysis while comparing match-outcome, match-type, ladder halves and tournament phases, to determine whether teamwork is related to success. Ball transfer data in 694 matches from the 2015, 2016 and 2017/18 Football Association Women's Super League (FA WSL) seasons; 2016–2018 National Women's Football League (NWSL) seasons; 2013 and 2017 European Cups; and 2011 and 2013 World Cups were analysed. The network metrics: edge density, transitivity, mean distance, out degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were calculated. Success was categorised in match outcomes, ladder halves, tournament phases and ladder positions. It was found that successful professional women's football teams are highly connected (p = 0.006), and the distribution of ball possession is centralised (p = 0.001). There is a tendency for key players to send out a high number of passes, but there is no dependency on these key players for the total ball flow within a team, which is a characteristic that may be unique to women's football. Differences in teamwork exist between single matches and full seasons or tournaments, with successful teams having more effective ball movement and successful passes over the course of a season or tournament (p < 0.001). Moreover, successful league teams have more players with connecting roles than tournament teams and match tactics should be adapted to this.
Minding environment, minding workers: environmental workers’ mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Noy Sue , Patrick Rebecca , Capetola Teresa , Henderson-Wilson Claire , Chin Jian Wen , LaMontagne Anthony
Published: April 2022

Climate change and environmental degradation caused by human activities are having an irrefutable impact on human health, particularly mental health. People working in the environment sector are confronted with these impacts daily. This exploratory study was conducted as a response to concern in the sector about rising levels of worry and distress, and a need for organizational knowledge about effective workplace mental health strategies. Using evidenced-based frameworks for workplace mental health and wellbeing, the study focused on the relationship between climate change, environmental degradation and mental health issues for this sector. This Australian-based exploratory qualitative study was guided by participatory research approaches. Maximum variation and criterion sampling strategies were applied to engage environmental sector senior managers ( n = 8) in individual/paired interviews, followed by online focus group sessions with frontline employees ( n = 9). Qualitative thematic analysis techniques were used in an iterative process, combining inductive and deductive strategies. Data was triangulated and interpretation was finalized with reference to literature and a workplace mental health promotion framework. Interview data provided new perspectives on the interconnectivity between risk and protective factors for mental health. Workers were motivated by commitment and values to continue their work despite experiencing increasing levels of trauma, ecological grief, and stress due to overwork and ecological and climate change crises. The findings highlight the need for integrated health promotion approaches that acknowledge the complex interactions between risk and supportive factors that influence mental health in this sector.
Nostalgia across cultures
Authors: Sedikides Constantine , Wildschut Tim
Published: April 2022

Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, has been garnering keen empirical attention in the psychological literature over the last two decades. After providing a historical overview, we place the emotion in cross-cultural context. Laypeople in many cultures conceptualize nostalgia similarly: as a past-oriented, social, self-relevant, and bittersweet emotion, but more sweet (positively toned) than bitter (negatively toned). That is, the nostalgizer reflects on a fond and personally important event—often their childhood or valued relationships—relives the event through rose-colored glasses, yearns for that time or relationship, and may even wish to return briefly to the past. Also, triggers of nostalgia (e.g., adverts, food, cold temperatures, loneliness) are similar across cultures. Moreover, across cultures nostalgia serves three key functions: it elevates social connectedness (a sense of belongingness or acceptance), meaning in life (a sense that one's life is significant, purposeful, and coherent), and self-continuity (a sense of connection between one's past and present self). Further, nostalgia acts as a buffer against discomforting psychological states (e.g., loneliness) similarly in varied cultural contexts. For example, (1) loneliness is positively related to, or intensifies, nostalgia; (2) loneliness is related to, or intensifies, adverse outcomes such as unhappiness or perceived lack of social support; and (3) nostalgia suppresses the relation between loneliness and adverse outcomes. Additionally, nostalgia facilitates one's acculturation to a host culture. Specifically, (1) nostalgia (vs. control) elicits a positive acculturation orientation toward a host culture; (2) nostalgia (vs. control) amplifies bicultural identity integration; and (3) positive acculturation orientation mediates the effect of host-culture nostalgia on bicultural identity integration. We conclude by identifying lacunae in the literature and calling for follow-up research.
Understanding “Work as Done”: Using a Structured Video-Based Observational Method to Understand and Model the Role of the Physical Environment in Complex Clinical Work Systems
Authors: Joseph Anjali , Neyens David , Taaffe Kevin , Bayramzadeh Sara , Catchpole Ken ,   the RIPCHD.OR Study Group
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To describe the planning, development, and implementation of a structured video-based observational method that can be used to systematically examine and model the role of the physical environment within healthcare systems.

Background:

Direct observation methods are often used in healthcare to study complex healthcare systems. However, these observations often occur in real time, which predisposes the collected data to shortcomings such as time lags in recording of activities, overlooking events, or limiting the scope of information than can be collected. Video observation approaches eliminate many of these challenges and provide opportunities for researchers to understand and model the role of the physical environment.

Methods:

An approach to developing and implementing a structured video-based observational method to study and model complex health systems is presented.

Results:

A structured observational approach can be highly effective for collecting multiple layers of data necessary for understanding interactions between the physical environment and other systems components in healthcare settings. The proposed video-based observation method is effective in settings that have clearly defined environmental boundaries, limited number of people, are complex and fast-paced such as the OR, ED trauma rooms, and ICU rooms.

Conclusions:

Video-based observation is an effective complement to the traditional observational method for in-depth study of the built environment in health systems, enabling researchers to employ quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis, in addition to qualitative interpretations.
LncRNA ANRIL Promotes Autophagy Activation Through miR-16-5p/TLR4 Axis in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Wang Mei-Qun , Zhu Xin-Hua , Liu Ke , Tian Xiao-Yan , Liu Yue-Hui
Published: April 2022

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic disease of nasal mucosa. LncRNAs are key modulators affecting AR development. Neverthelss, the impact of lncRNA ANRIL in AR is not clear.

Objective

This work decided to study the mechanism underlying the impact of ANRIL on TLR4 expression through targeting miR-16-5p during autophagy and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the progression of AR.

Methods

Human nasal epithelial cells were exposed to TNF-α to establish AR cell model, AR mice model was constructed by ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. QRT-PCR or western blot assays were applied to measure the levels of mRNA and proteins. Dual-luciferase reporter gene detection and RIP assay were conducted to verify the association between ANRIL and miR-16-5p. Autophagy flux assessment by mRFP-GFP-LC3 method was performed to detect autophagy level.

Results

AR progression could induce the autophagy, and the expressions of tight junction proteins were downregulated in AR cell model. Moreover, knockdown of ANRIL reversed the effect of AR on autophagy-related protein and tight junction proteins MiR-16-5p was found to be bound with ANRIL and miR-16-5p inhibitor could reverse ANRIL knockdown-induced downregulation of autophagy-related proteins and epithelial barrier dysfunction. In addition, miR-16-5p directly targeted TLR4. Furthermore, knockdown of ANRIL reversed miR-16-5p and TLR4 expression, autophagy level, and tight junction protein levels in nasal mucosa of AR mice.

Conclusion

This study illustrated that ANRIL acted as a promotion factor in AR induced autophagy and epithelial barrier dysfunction by enhancing the expression of TLR4 via interacting with miR-16-5p.
The Development of Speciesism: Age-Related Differences in the Moral View of Animals
Authors: McGuire Luke , Palmer Sally B. , Faber Nadira S.
Published: April 2022

Humans care for the well-being of some animals (e.g., dogs) yet tacitly endorse the maltreatment of others (e.g., pigs). What treatment is deemed morally appropriate for an animal can depend on whether the animal is characterized as “food.” When such categorization of animals emerges and when a moral hierarchy of beings depending on their species membership (speciesism) develops is poorly understood. We investigate this development across samples of children (9–11 years old), young adults (18–21 years old), and adults (29–59 years old; total N = 479). Compared with young adults and adults, children (a) show less speciesism, (b) are less likely to categorize farm animals as food than pets, (c) think farm animals ought to be treated better, and (d) deem eating meat and animal products to be less morally acceptable. These findings imply that there are key age-related differences in our moral view of an animal worth that point to socially constructed development over the lifespan.
A digital mobile health platform increasing efficiency and transparency towards universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Huisman Liesbeth , van Duijn Shannen MC , Silva Nuno , van Doeveren Rianne , Michuki Jacinta , Kuria Moses , Otieno Okeyo David , Okoth Isaiah , Houben Nathalie , Rinke de Wit Tobias F , Rogo Khama
Published: April 2022

In low-and middle-income countries, achieving universal health coverage remains challenging due to insufficient, temporary and fragmented funding as well as limited accessibility to quality healthcare. Leveraging a mobile health platform can be a powerful tool to address these problems. This paper demonstrates how analysing data collected from a mobile health platform helps optimize healthcare provider networks, monitor patient flows and assess the quality and equitability of access to care. The COVID-19 pandemic reinforces the importance of real-time data on health-seeking behaviour. Between 2018 and 2019, as a Kenyan universal health coverage pilot was being planned, Kisumu County, with support from PharmAccess Foundation, implemented household-level digital registration for healthcare and collected socio-economic and healthcare claims data using the M-TIBA platform. In total, 273,350 Kisumu households enrolled. The claims data showed many patients visit higher-level facilities for ailments, that can be treated at primary care levels, unnecessarily. High-level estimate of the disease burden at participating facilities revealed rampant overprescription of pertinent medicines for highly prevalent malaria and respiratory tract infections, exemplifying clinical management deficiencies. M-TIBA data allowed tracking of individual patient trajectories. Analyses of data are shown at the aggregate level. The paper shows how mobile health platforms can be used to generate valuable insights into access to and quality of care. Funding for healthcare can be united through mobile health platforms, limiting the fragmentation in funding. They can be useful for funders, health managers and policymakers to improve the implementation of universal health coverage programs in low-and middle-income countries.
Web messaging among young people in online services: A descriptive mixed-methods study
Authors: Metsäranta Kiki , Anttila Minna , Pajamäki Tatjana , Holappa Heidi , Välimäki Maritta
Published: April 2022

Objective

To describe web messaging patterns and the content of web messages among young people in a Finnish national online service.

Methods

A descriptive mixed-method was used. The data consisted of text-based web messaging communication between young people and a counsellor in a nationwide online service between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Web messaging patterns were analysed using descriptive statistics. The content of the messages was analysed with thematic analysis and qualitative results were presented. In addition, the factors associated with messaging patterns and content were analysed.

Results

A total of 1941 messages were sent by 1354 young people. Most of them were between 12 and 17 years old and females. Less than one-fifth of young people had multiple two-way discussions with counsellor. The total period of two-way discussions and the number of words in each message varied widely. The number of words was lower in messages sent by males. The content of the messages was divided into three main themes: interpersonal relationships and environment (Social relationships), oneself (Construction of self), and health-related problems and support received from professionals (Health and wellbeing). The young people’s messages mostly contained topics related to the main theme of ‘Social environment’.

Conclusion

Most young people sent one message only. Messages ranged from simple, single messages to complex texts describing the daily life of young people. Girls were more active in messaging, and they wrote longer texts.
Nurses’ experiences of using AsthmaTuner – an eHealth self-management system for healthcare of patients with asthma
Authors: Schoultz Katarina , Svensson Ann , Emilsson Maria
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study describes nurses’ experiences of using eHealth for assessment in the healthcare of patients with asthma.

Methods

Five nurses with experience of using AsthmaTuner in the healthcare of patients with asthma participated in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the nurses to understand their experiences of using the eHealth system. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The results show that nurses as well as patients find the tool useful and easy-to-handle. AsthmaTuner gives the nurses access to more and better information about the patients, which facilitates assessments and makes their work more efficient. The patients become more involved in their care, gain increased control and take more responsibility for their illness and treatment.

Conclusions

The nurses appreciate eHealth in asthma care. Using AsthmaTuner makes the nurses’ work more efficient and the patients become more involved in their care.
Tracking the trackers: Self-tracking in households as social practice
Authors: Hardey Mariannn (Maz)
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of different types of self-tracking users (trackers) on the health behaviours of others living in the same household. The study takes an international perspective, examining tracking practises from 13 households based in Europe, the United Kingdom and the United States to determine how trackers contribute to emerging cultural and social factors across life stages. The findings contribute to digital health understandings by shedding light on collective practises formed within frequently intergenerational households. The study emphasises the importance of cross-cultural and intergenerational tracking research to foster collective and symbolic health engagement. The article delves into the intersection of online and offline dynamics to describe the social practice of digital health culture. It sheds new light on structural and agency issues in households sharing self-tracking experiences.
Is the Posterior Approach With Posterior locking compression plate and Anterior Allograft Useful and Safe in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Humeral Fractures Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty?
Authors: Vicenti Giovanni , Solarino Giuseppe , Carrozzo Massimiliano , Simone Filippo , Ottaviani Guglielmo , Bizzoca Davide , Zavattini Giacomo , Zaccari Domenico , Buono Claudio , Moretti Biagio
Published: April 2022

Introduction

As the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) surgery has dramatically increased in the last few decades, many complications have followed through. The periprosthetic fracture, at the moment, is still a subject of debate in the orthopedic world. In this monocentric study, along with a literature review of periprosthetic humeral fractures, we would present our institutional experience with the treatment of periprosthetic humeral fractures with a posterior humeral approach, posterior cortex plate fixation, anterior strut allograft, screws, and cerclage wires.

Materials and Methods

Our study consisted in a prospective monocentric study based on 18 patients, with a mean age of 75.3 years (range 64–88), all following a reverse shoulder total arthroplasty (RTSA). Postoperative follow-ups were taken at 1, 6, and 12 months with objective measurement of shoulder motion and strength, while clinical outcome measures were assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES score) and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Together with that, we performed a literature review focused on the management of periprosthetic humeral fractures after shoulder arthroplasty.

Results

All fractures consolidated without complication at a mean 4.2 months (range 3–6). At final follow-up, the average active shoulder flexion was 88° (range 62–129°), active abduction 73° (range 52–91°) and active external rotation 22° (range 3–56°). The average ASES score was 73 (range 59–97), while average VAS score was 1.1 (range 0–3).

Discussion

Surgical treatment of periprosthetic humeral fractures following a shoulder arthroplasty remains a hard challenge for every surgeon, and their treatment must consider fracture’s location, displacement, and local bone quality.

Conclusions

The posterior approach with a posterior plate placement and anterior strut allograft, which is appliable only in case of a B or C type fracture according to Worland classification, could be a good treatment option for periprosthetic humeral fractures.
Proximal Branching of the Anterior Tibial Artery From the Popliteal Artery Increases the Risk of Vascular Injury During Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Analysis Using Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intraoperative Findings
Authors: Kimura Yuya , Takahashi Tsuneari , Ae Ryusuke , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Arterial injury following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be life-threatening. There are some anatomical variations in the popliteal artery (PA) and its branches. In most cases, the PA branches into the anterior tibial artery (ATA) and posterior tibial artery (PTA), which are usually distal to the height of tibial resection in TKA. However, some cases show that the PA branches into the ATA and PTA proximal to the height of tibial resection in TKA. This study aimed to assess the distance from the posterior cortex of the proximal tibia to the anterior wall of the PA or ATA at the height of the tibial cut line, during TKA in the distal and proximal branch groups.

Methods

129 patients (6 patients in the proximal branch group and 123 patients in the distal branch group) were enrolled for this study. For prediction of the distance from the posterior cortex of the proximal tibia to the anterior wall of the PA or ATA, preoperative sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance images and postoperative radiographs were evaluated.

Results

The distance between the posterior cortex of the proximal tibia and the anterior wall of the PA or ATA at the height of the tibial cut line was 1.8 ± 1.1 mm in the proximal branch group and 6.1 ± 2.6 mm in the distal branch group, which was significantly closer in the proximal group (P < .05).

Discussion

The rate of proximal branching was 4.7%. This study clarified that the proximal branching of the ATA from PA significantly decreased the distance between the posterior cortex of the proximal tibia and the anterior wall of the artery.

Conclusions

The proximal branch group has a high risk for arterial injury as the artery may be close to the saw, and appropriate retraction should be performed.
Referrals for inpatient rehabilitation and the patient selection processes: Pre-pandemic challenges as a guide towards reforms moving forward
Authors: Agius Anastasi Andrei , Zammit Stephen
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To analyse data related to the referral, selection and admission processes for inpatient rehabilitation at Karin Grech Hospital, Malta. Examining pre-pandemic challenges faced can guide reform towards a more sustainable use of inpatient rehabilitation services. Methods: Referrals and outcomes of all patients referred for inpatient rehabilitation between April and August, 2018 were analysed. Results: 47% of patients referred for inpatient rehabilitation were accepted, with an average time to transfer of 4.84 days. Of the 53% deemed unsuitable, the commonest reasons were: excessively high level of independence (22%), non-weight-bearing restriction (12%) and patient refusal (12%). 90% of inpatients in rehabilitation were discharged home, 7% were transferred back due to acute complications and 1 patient was transferred to a residential home. Out of all referrals, 14 passed away within 1 year, two of these within 8 days of referral. Conclusions: Identifying unsuitable referrals for inpatient rehabilitation can avoid inappropriate admissions that would otherwise decrease bed availability and increase waiting times. Basing patient selection on key principles can thence ensure efficient and sustainable rehabilitation services moving forward.
Exploring rural Chinese teachers’ attitudes towards wellbeing: Qualitative findings from appreciative semi-structured interviews
Authors: Cui Bo , White Mathew A. , McCallum Faye
Published: April 2022

Teachers in rural China are considered disadvantaged compared to their urban counterparts on several measures, including working conditions, remuneration, and access to professional development opportunities. We argue that teacher wellbeing plays a crucial role in teacher quality because quality teachers require optimal functioning and wellbeing to teach well. This study reports on the qualitative element of an exploratory sequential mixed-methods research design investigating Chinese rural teachers’ attitudes towards wellbeing. The results of this study confirmed that remuneration, access to professional development opportunities and social status of rural teachers are behind those of urban teachers in China. However, several rural teachers excelled in the profession, showing a passion for teaching that transformed the lives of rural students. This study discovered a gap in the current research on the wellbeing of rural teachers in China and suggested that policymakers should promote the unique positive aspects of rurality, including teachers’ passion for optimal outcomes for their students, rather than focussing on the negative aspects of rurality.
Understanding Physical Activity Differences Among Older Adults: Validating a Proposed Typology of Physical Activity as a Tool to Increase Physical Activity by Older Adults
Authors: Grimes Amanda , Kachadoorian Carol
Published: April 2022

Objective

Being physically active as one ages benefits both physical and mental health and remains a public health need. A typology to understand older adults’ PA level and intentions can be vital to developing strategies to promote PA.

Methods

The researchers developed a comprehensive interview guide and interviewed adults 50 years and older ( n=232) to test the validity of the four-type typology (1). Frail, (2). Ambivalent, (3). Aspiring, (4). Active).

Results

The Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferonni post hoc analysis indicated that there were significant differences between types and for each PA category measured, revealing a continuum of PA levels by type and confirmed the four types within this continuum.

Discussion

The validated typology and the associated tool can be used to identify and implement built environment improvements and interventions aimed to support PA needs of older adults.
The Recovery After COVID-19 in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: van der Krogt Inge E. J. , Sizoo Eefje M. , van Loon Anouk M. , Hendriks Simone A. , Smalbrugge Martin
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Many nursing homes (NHs) are affected by COVID-19 and 30-day mortality is high. Knowledge on recovery of NH residents after COVID-19 is limited. Therefore, we investigated the trajectory in the first three months after a COVID-19 infection in NH residents.

Methods

Retrospective observational cohort study of Dutch NH residents with COVID-19 between 1 September 2020 and 1 March 2021. Prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms and functioning was determined using interRAI (ADL-Hierarchy Scale (ADL-HS), Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS) and Revised Index of Social Engagement (RISE)) at four time points. Descriptive and pattern analyses were performed.

Results

Eighty-six residents were included. Symptom prevalences after three months were higher than at baseline. At group level, functioning on all domains deteriorated and was followed by recovery towards baseline, except for ADL functioning. There were four trajectories; 9.3% had no deterioration. Total and partial recovery occurred in respectively 30.2% and 55.8% of the residents. In 4.7% there was no recovery.

Conclusion

In 86% of NH residents surviving three months after COVID-19, occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms and deterioration in functioning was followed by recovery. COVID-19 symptoms fatigue and sleeping behaviour were significantly more prevalent, and ADL functioning was significantly lower, at three months compared to baseline.
Factors Affecting the Patient Journey in Scheduling a Specialist Appointment in a Public Healthcare System
Authors: Luxenburg Osnat , Myers Vicki , Ziv Arnona , Novikov Ilya , Gimpelevitch Irena , Saban Mor , Brammli-Greenberg Shuli , Wilf-Miron Rachel
Published: April 2022

A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the journey experienced by patients from identifying a need to see a community specialist in Israel's public healthcare system, through scheduling an appointment and attending. A telephone survey was conducted with a nationally representative group of 3751 adults, in 2019 to 2020. Fifty-seven percent needed to see a specialist in the last 6 months; among those, 82%, visited a specialist. Among the 3% who did not make an appointment, in 41 of 52 (79%) cases this was due to long waiting time. Younger and more educated patients were more likely to try to get an earlier appointment. Timeliness (55%) and wanting a specific physician (43%) were major considerations in scheduling. Reported need was greater in females, Jewish versus Arab respondents, more educated and those with chronic illness. Those who did not make an appointment sought private care, emergency treatment, or went untreated. Although a large percentage of respondents did eventually get an appointment, vulnerable patients may have more difficulty navigating the system. Following the patient journey can provide insights to help design services better suited to patients’ needs.
Maternal Evaluation of a Team-Based Maternity Care Model for Women of Low Obstetric Risk
Authors: Perrella Sharon Lisa , Miraudo Jennifer , Rea Alethea , Geddes Donna Tracy , Prosser Stuart Anthony
Published: April 2022

In response to the need for affordable and comprehensive maternity care, a multidisciplinary team-based maternity care service led by general practitioners with obstetric training (GPOs) and midwives was established for women of low obstetric risk. We evaluated maternal satisfaction with this model of care. All women that attended the service and gave birth in 2020 were approached. Participants used an online survey to rate their satisfaction with aspects of their pregnancy, hospital stay and postpartum care and were invited to provide additional written feedback. Fifty percent (81/162) of women (33 ± 3.9 years) responded, with 59% primiparous. Proportions of participants that were very satisfied with their overall pregnancy, hospital stay, and postpartum care were 91%, <50%, and 85%, respectively. Both survey and qualitative data identified high satisfaction with emotional care and time afforded to discuss concerns during appointments. High levels of satisfaction can be achieved in women of low obstetric risk through the provision of GPO-midwife led multidisciplinary care throughout the maternity journey.
Pandemic Shortfall in Marriages and Divorces in the United States
Authors: Westrick-Payne Krista K. , Manning Wendy D. , Carlson Lisa
Published: April 2022

Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, marriage and divorce had been in decline across the United States. As more data are released, evidence mounts that this pattern has persisted, and in some states been magnified, during the pandemic. The authors compared the change in yearly marriage and divorce counts prior to the beginning of the pandemic (change from 2018 to 2019) to estimate an expected number of marriages and divorces for 2020. By computing a P score on the basis of expected and observed marriages and divorces in 2020, the authors determined whether individual states experienced shortfalls or surpluses of marital events. Of the 20 states with available data on marriages, 18 experienced shortfalls (exceptions included Missouri and North Dakota), for an overall sample shortfall of nearly 11 percent. Regarding divorces, 31 of the 35 states with available data also experienced shortfalls (exceptions included Hawaii, Wyoming, Arizona, and Washington), for an overall sample shortfall of 12 percent.