bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control for the Trajectory Tracking of a Tendon-Driven Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Yudong , He Leiying , Yan Bo , Chen Jianneng , Wu Chuanyu
Published: December 2022

The tracking control of tendon-driven manipulators has recently become a hot topic. However, the flexible elastic tendon introduces greater residual vibration, making it more difficult to control the trajectory tracking of the manipulator. In this paper, a dynamics model of the elastic tendon-driven manipulator (ETDM) that considers motion coupling is established. A hierarchical sliding mode control (HSMC) method is proposed to realize the trajectory tracking control of the ETDM. On the basis of the Lyapunov design method, the actuator subsliding manifold is defined as the first sliding manifold. The first sliding manifold is then used to construct the joint side subsliding manifold. Furthermore, the total sliding manifold is established based on the joint side sliding manifold and the actuator's sliding manifold. The stability of the proposed HSMC is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulations and experiments are performed on a two-degree-of-freedom ETDM tracking desired trajectories to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HSMC method. The proposed HSMC exhibits higher tracking accuracy compared with proportional–integral–derivative, and adaptive second-order fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (SOFNTSM) controls in the simulations. The introduction of different disturbances reveals that HSMC has better robustness than proportional–integral–derivative control. Experimental results show that the maximum error of trajectory tracking is less than 0.025 rad.
Heat-Resilient Schoolyards: Relations Between Temperature, Shade, and Physical Activity of Children During Recess
Authors: Lanza Kevin , Alcazar Melody , Durand Casey P. , Salvo Deborah , Villa Umberto , Kohl Harold W.
Published: December 2022

Background: Extreme heat may discourage physical activity of children while shade may provide thermal comfort. The authors determined the associations between ambient temperature, shade, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of children during school recess. Methods: Children aged 8–10 (n = 213) wore accelerometers and global positioning system monitors during recess at 3 school parks in Austin, Texas (September–November 2019). Weather data originated from 10 sensors per park. The authors calculated shade from imagery using a geographic information system (GIS) and time-matched physical activity, location, temperature, and shade data. The authors specified piecewise multilevel regression to assess relations between average temperature and percentage of recess time in MVPA and shade. Results: Temperature ranged 11 °C to 35 °C. Each 1 °C higher temperature was associated with a 0.7 percentage point lower time spent in MVPA, until 33 °C (91 °F) when the association changed to a 1.5 lower time (P < .01). Each 1 °C higher temperature was associated with a 0.3 percentage point higher time spent under shade, until 33 °C when the association changed to a 3.4 higher time (P < .001). At 33 °C or above, the direct association between shade and MVPA weakened (P < .05), with no interaction effect above 33 °C (P > .05). Children at the park with the most tree canopy spent 6.0 percentage points more time in MVPA (P < .01). Conclusions: Children engage in less MVPA and seek shade during extreme heat and engage in more MVPA in green schoolyards. With climate change, schools should consider interventions (eg, organizing shaded play, tree planting) to promote heat safe MVPA.
Freestanding epitaxial SrTiO
3
nanomembranes via remote epitaxy using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Yoon Hyojin , Truttmann Tristan K. , Liu Fengdeng , Matthews Bethany E. , Choo Sooho , Su Qun , Saraswat Vivek , Manzo Sebastian , Arnold Michael S. , Bowden Mark E. , Kawasaki Jason K. , Koester Steven J. , Spurgeon Steven R. , Chambers Scott A. , Jalan Bharat
Published: December 2022

The epitaxial growth of functional oxides using a substrate with a graphene layer is a highly desirable method for improving structural quality and obtaining freestanding epitaxial nanomembranes for scientific study, applications, and economical reuse of substrates. However, the aggressive oxidizing conditions typically used in growing epitaxial oxides can damage graphene. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of hybrid molecular beam epitaxy for SrTiO
3
growth that does not require an independent oxygen source, thus avoiding graphene damage. This approach produces epitaxial films with self-regulating cation stoichiometry. Furthermore, the film (46-nm-thick SrTiO
3
) can be exfoliated and transferred to foreign substrates. These results open the door to future studies of previously unattainable freestanding oxide nanomembranes grown in an adsorption-controlled manner by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. This approach has potentially important implications for the commercial application of perovskite oxides in flexible electronics and as a dielectric in van der Waals thin-film electronics.
Extension of the bright high-harmonic photon energy range via nonadiabatic critical phase matching
Authors: Fu Zongyuan , Chen Yudong , Peng Sainan , Zhu Bingbing , Li Baochang , Martín-Hernández Rodrigo , Fan Guangyu , Wang Yihua , Hernández-García Carlos , Jin Cheng , Murnane Margaret , Kapteyn Henry , Tao Zhensheng
Published: December 2022

The concept of critical ionization fraction has been essential for high-harmonic generation, because it dictates the maximum driving laser intensity while preserving the phase matching of harmonics. In this work, we reveal a second, nonadiabatic critical ionization fraction, which substantially extends the phase-matched harmonic energy, arising because of the strong reshaping of the intense laser field in a gas plasma. We validate this understanding through a systematic comparison between experiment and theory for a wide range of laser conditions. In particular, the properties of the high-harmonic spectrum versus the laser intensity undergoes three distinctive scenarios: (i) coincidence with the single-atom cutoff, (ii) strong spectral extension, and (iii) spectral energy saturation. We present an analytical model that predicts the spectral extension and reveals the increasing importance of the nonadiabatic effects for mid-infrared lasers. These findings are important for the development of high-brightness soft x-ray sources for applications in spectroscopy and imaging.
Ubiquitin modulates 26
S
proteasome conformational dynamics and promotes substrate degradation
Authors: Jonsson Erik , Htet Zaw Min , Bard Jared A. M. , Dong Ken C. , Martin Andreas
Published: December 2022

The 26
S
proteasome recognizes thousands of appropriate protein substrates in eukaryotic cells through attached ubiquitin chains and uses its adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) motor for mechanical unfolding and translocation into a proteolytic chamber. Here, we used single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements to monitor the conformational dynamics of the proteasome, observe individual substrates during their progression toward degradation, and elucidate how these processes are regulated by ubiquitin chains. Rapid transitions between engagement- and processing-competent proteasome conformations control substrate access to the ATPase motor. Ubiquitin chain binding functions as an allosteric regulator to slow these transitions, stabilize the engagement-competent state, and aid substrate capture to accelerate degradation initiation. Upon substrate engagement, the proteasome remains in processing-competent states for translocation and unfolding, except for apparent motor slips when encountering stably folded domains. Our studies revealed how ubiquitin chains allosterically regulate degradation initiation, which ensures substrate selectivity in a crowded cellular environment.
Biodegradable, three-dimensional colorimetric fliers for environmental monitoring
Authors: Yoon Hong-Joon , Lee Geumbee , Kim Jin-Tae , Yoo Jae-Young , Luan Haiwen , Cheng Shyuan , Kang Soohyeon , Huynh Huong Le Thien , Kim Hyeonsu , Park Jaehong , Kim Joohee , Kwak Sung Soo , Ryu Hanjun , Kim Jihye , Choi Yeon Sik , Ahn Hak-Young , Choi Junhwan , Oh Seyong , Jung Yei Hwan , Park Minsu , Bai Wubin , Huang Yonggang , Chamorro Leonardo P. , Park Yoonseok , Rogers John A.
Published: December 2022

Recently reported winged microelectronic systems offer passive flight mechanisms as a dispersal strategy for purposes in environmental monitoring, population surveillance, pathogen tracking, and other applications. Initial studies indicate potential for technologies of this type, but advances in structural and responsive materials and in aerodynamically optimized geometries are necessary to improve the functionality and expand the modes of operation. Here, we introduce environmentally degradable materials as the basis of 3D fliers that allow remote, colorimetric assessments of multiple environmental parameters—pH, heavy metal concentrations, and ultraviolet exposure, along with humidity levels and temperature. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the aerodynamics of these systems reveal design considerations that include not only the geometries of the structures but also their mass distributions across a range of bioinspired designs. Preliminary field studies that rely on drones for deployment and for remote colorimetric analysis by machine learning interpretation of digital images illustrate scenarios for practical use.
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase increases cellobiohydrolases activity by promoting decrystallization of cellulose surface
Authors: Uchiyama Taku , Uchihashi Takayuki , Ishida Takuya , Nakamura Akihiko , Vermaas Josh V. , Crowley Michael F. , Samejima Masahiro , Beckham Gregg T. , Igarashi Kiyohiko
Published: December 2022

Efficient depolymerization of crystalline cellulose requires cooperation between multiple cellulolytic enzymes. Through biochemical approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and single-molecule observations using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM), we quantify and track synergistic activity for cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) with a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
. Increasing concentrations of LPMO (AA9D) increased the activity of a glycoside hydrolase family 6 CBH, Cel6A, whereas the activity of a family 7 CBH (Cel7D) was enhanced only at lower concentrations of AA9D. MD simulation suggests that the result of AA9D action to produce chain breaks in crystalline cellulose can oxidatively disturb the crystalline surface by disrupting hydrogen bonds. HS-AFM observations showed that AA9D increased the number of Cel7D molecules moving on the substrate surface and increased the processivity of Cel7D, thereby increasing the depolymerization performance, suggesting that AA9D not only generates chain ends but also amorphizes the crystalline surface, thereby increasing the activity of CBHs.
Long-lived (>100 m.y.) postcollisional exhumation and cooling in the Paleoproterozoic Trans−North China orogen: Evidence from phase equilibria modeling and monazite petrochronology of granulite-facies metapelites in the Fuping Complex
Authors: Tang Li , Santosh M. , Palin Richard M. , Jia Li-Hui , Cao Hua-Wen , Sheng Yuan-Ming
Published: December 2022

Long-lived collisional orogens that formed over tens to hundreds of millions of years are common in the geologic record. The Trans−North China orogen marks the collision between the Eastern and Western blocks of the North China craton, and it preserves metamorphic rocks with ages between 1.98 Ga and 1.80 Ga. These units allow detailed assessment of the time scale and duration of crustal thickening, exhumation, and cooling associated with a major Proterozoic orogeny. In this study, we present integrated petrography, mineral chemistry, phase equilibria modeling, and texturally controlled in situ mass spectrometry of monazite U-Th-Pb and trace-element analyses performed on a suite of orthopyroxene-bearing pelitic granulites and garnet-biotite gneisses from the Fuping Complex within the Trans−North China orogen. These rocks record clockwise pressure-temperature (P-T) paths involving granulite-facies peak conditions of 9.9−11.0 kbar and 850−880 °C for pelitic granulites, and 10.9−11.6 kbar and 860−880 °C for garnet-biotite gneisses, followed by postpeak decompression to ∼8−9 kbar and later cooling, with final solidification of melt at <840 °C. Four monazite populations were identified in these samples. Group I grains are irregular and elongated and occur in contact with or embay garnet. They have high rare earth element (REE) and Y contents and metamorphic ages of 1.90−1.86 Ga, which correspond to the breakdown of garnet during postpeak decompression. Most monazite grains crystallized from melt are represented by groups II + III + IV and are associated with orthopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase, and quartz in the matrix. They have crystallization ages between 1.86 Ga and 1.76 Ga and relatively low REE and Y concentrations. These data imply a long-lived (>100 m.y.) postcollisional exhumation and cooling involving decompression from 10−12 kbar to ∼9 kbar during 1.90−1.86 Ga, followed by retrograde cooling from 1.86 to 1.76 Ga under prolonged residence in the middle to lower crust. Initial collision and peak metamorphism occurred before 1.90 Ga, ultimately leading to the final cratonization of the North China craton and its incorporation into the Columbia supercontinent.
Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California (USA), and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range
Authors: Midttun Nikolas , Niemi Nathan A. , Gallina Bianca
Published: December 2022

Geologic mapping, measured sections, and geochronologic data elucidate the tectonostratigraphic development of the Titus Canyon extensional basin in Death Valley, California (USA), and provide new constraints on the age of the Titus Canyon Formation, one of the earliest synextensional deposits in the central Basin and Range. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages (MDAs) and compiled 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that the Titus Canyon Formation spans 40(?)–30 Ma, consistent with an inferred Duchesnean age for a unique assemblage of mammalian fossils in the lower part of the formation. The Titus Canyon Forma tion preserves a shift in depositional environment from fluvial to lacustrine at ca. 35 Ma, which along with a change in detrital zircon provenance may reflect both the onset of local extensional tectonism and climatic changes at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Our data establish the Titus Canyon basin as the southernmost basin in a system of late Eocene extensional basins that formed along the axis of the Sevier orogenic belt. The distribution of lacustrine deposits in these Eocene basins defines the extent of a low-relief orogenic plateau (Nevadaplano) that occupied eastern Nevada at least through Eocene time. As such, the age and character of Titus Canyon Formation implies that the Nevadaplano may have extended into the central Basin and Range, ~200 km farther south than previously recognized. Development of the Titus Canyon extensional basin precedes local Farallon slab removal by ~20 m.y., implying that other mechanisms, such as plate boundary stress changes due to decreased convergence rates in Eocene time, are a more likely trigger for early extension in the central Basin and Range.
Hydrogen Energy: Legal Support and International Cooperation
Authors: Gabov A. V. , Lizikova M. S.
Published: December 2022

The legal support and existing and potential contours and examples of international cooperation in the field of hydrogen energy are discussed. Based on study and analysis of international “hydrogen” initiatives and international organizations the activities of which partly extend to hydrogen, as well as interactions in the field of hydrogen energy within the framework of regional integration associations (BRICS, Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, and the European Union) and individual regions, the authors note the lack of clearly defined strategies and plans, which does not contribute to the achievement of visible effects from cooperation, hinders the stability of international energy markets, and raises questions about the need to develop new rules at the international level, which should be enshrined in relevant international agreements in this area and on the creation of an international organization that would become a world center for cooperation in the field of hydrogen.
The Main Vectors of the US Foreign Policy Strategy in Central Asia
Authors: Kokoshin A. A. , Kokoshina Z. A.
Published: December 2022

The main vectors of the US foreign policy strategy regarding the countries of Central Asia (CA) after the collapse of the Soviet Union are analyzed. It is noted that there are three main vectors in the US strategy in Central Asia: geopolitical, economic, and political−ideological, and humanitarian, which in many cases are closely intertwined with each other. Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are of the main interest to the United States there. The authors draw attention to the fact that the US strategy in this region has an obvious anti-Russian and anti-Chinese orientation, which has intensified during the crisis of 2021‒2022, caused by the refusal of the United States and its allies to meet the legitimate claims of the Russian Federation adequately to ensure its security.
Interaction of the Fluorophenyl Analog of Retinal with Proteorhodopsin from Exiguobacterium sibiricum
Authors: Belikov N. E. , Petrovskaya L. E. , Kryukova E. A. , Dolgikh D. A. , Lukashev E. P. , Lukin A. Yu. , Demina O. V. , Varfolomeev S. D. , Chupin V. V. , Khodonov A. A.
Published: December 2022

Abstract—

We have developed an alternative method for the synthesis of an analog of natural retinal, which contains the p-fluorophenyl fragment instead of the trimethylcyclohexene ring. The proposed scheme for the synthesis of the target all-E-isomer of the target retinoid consists of using C5-phosphonate that contains the terminal nitrile group under Horner–Emmons reaction conditions. It has been shown that this scheme is more efficient and provides a higher total yield of the target product than the previously described variant. The procedure has been developed for the preparation of an analog of microbial proteorhodopsin ESRh from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, which contains a modified chromophore. It has been found that, as in the case of bacterioopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, the replacement of the trimethylcyclohexene ring in the natural chromophore by the p-fluorophenyl fragment does not prevent the formation of the artificial pigment F-Phe-ESRh from proteorhodopsin ESRh, which preserves the cycle of photochemical reactions. Certain differences have been found between the properties of native recombinant ESRh and its analog F-Phe-ESRh including a shift in the absorption maximum to the short-wavelength region, the formation of M intermediate at lower pH values, the presence of “long-lived M,” and a general slowdown in the photocycle. The reduced stability of the resulting proteorhodopsin analog F-Phe-ESRh to prolonged exposure to visible light has been also demonstrated.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Rectal bleeding in children
Authors: Metezai Huria , Wahid Amar , Jones Ceri , Evans Jordan
Published: December 2022

Bleeding per rectum in children is an infrequent presentation associated with a wide range of differential diagnoses, from benign to life-threatening. Irrespective of the underlying aetiology, it is typically a worrisome symptom for caregivers. Published data are limited, particularly for the UK population, from which to provide clear evidence-based guidance for assessment and management of infants, children and young people presenting with bleeding per rectum. In this Fifteen-Minute Consultation, we therefore explore the common aetiologies and combine opinions from acute paediatrics, paediatric gastroenterology and paediatric surgery to offer a structure for a diagnostic approach and initial management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infants, children and young people.
Emotional journey of Asian mothers of premature infants who received pasteurised donor human milk: a qualitative study
Authors: Loh Hui Fang , Lee Jiayu Rachel , Tan Andrea Ruwen , Goh Xin Lei , Low Yi Fen , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei , Shorey Shefaly
Published: December 2022

Objective

To explore the effect of donor human milk usage on the emotional experience of mothers with premature infants in a multiracial Asian population.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study. Semistructured individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s process of thematic analysis.

Setting and patients

Seventeen mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.

Main outcome measures

Perceptions of mothers whose premature infants received donor human milk.

Results

Mothers described their experience as a journey of acceptance with three sequential themes. ‘Resistance to receiving somebody else’s milk’ was a process of overcoming initial hesitation and concerns. ‘Recognising maternal limitations and baby’s needs’ depicted the mothers’ struggles in reconciling their infant’s milk demand and their low milk supply. ‘Embracing benefits of donor human milk and acceptance with gratitude’ illustrated the mothers’ joy and gratitude to milk donors as they embraced benefits of donor human milk usage. Although participants had agreed to use of donor human milk after counselling, many still struggled with negative emotions of anxiety and guilt. Mothers of Muslim faith had additional concerns about milk kinship and religious permissibility of donor human milk.

Conclusion

Mothers undergo a spectrum of complex emotions from initial hesitation to acceptance with gratitude, when their premature infants receive donor human milk. Some continue to struggle with negative emotions and require more support. By recognising their emotional responses, healthcare providers can support mothers in their breastfeeding journey with targeted counselling.
Case of postpartum uterine artery pseudoaneurysm associated with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Wayson Jesse , Allen Jennifer Tomlinson , Laks Shahar , Allen Michael
Published: December 2022

A woman in early 20s with type 1 von Willebrand disease (vWD) presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding at 5 weeks post partum following primary caesarean section. Imaging revealed a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP), which is a rare condition that can cause postpartum haemorrhage. Caesarean birth and vWD are two risk factors for pseudoaneurysm. Swift postpartum recognition of a pseudoaneurysm is essential to prevent a potentially life-threatening outcome. Successful diagnosis and treatment of the patient’s symptoms required interdisciplinary teamwork between obstetricians, interventional radiologists and haematologists. Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) was performed and complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm was noted 6 weeks after the procedure. Haemorrhage was averted due to early detection of UAP prior to its rupture, and future fertility was preserved. The patient successfully conceived a second child 1 year after UAE and delivered via caesarean birth without haemorrhage or recurrence of UAP.
Improving use of proton pump inhibitors with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Jinadu Tomilola , Radhakrishnan Ashwin , Fan Lampson
Published: December 2022

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality with a major impact on healthcare resources and expenditure. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended for the treatment of ACS. DAPT is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which is seen in 1.2%–2.4% of patients on DAPT and associated with fivefold increase in mortality at 30 days and fourfold increase at 1 year. European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend that patients on DAPT should also be prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce the risk of GI bleeding.

We assessed compliance with this recommendation on the cardiology ward of our tertiary cardiac unit. At baseline, only 56% of patients on DAPT were coprescribed a PPI. We subsequently devised and delivered a service improvement project (three completed audit cycles) to improve concomitant prescription of PPI, with the aim of achieving 100% compliance with the guidelines. We introduced low-cost interventions that included educational sessions for junior doctors, cardiac nursing staff and pharmacists, as well as posters which served as visual prompts for discharging doctors. We also initiated a protocol that the pharmacy team clarify with the discharging doctor whether a patient on DAPT should also be on PPI, before the discharge summary is finalised.

Consequently, 100% of patients on DAPT were coprescribed PPI within fourteen weeks of the onset of our intervention. This improvement was sustained across a subsequent cohort of junior doctors. Our interventions should help to reduce the risk of GI bleeding in this population.
Burden of road traffic injuries in Iran: a national and subnational perspective, 1990−2019
Authors: Sadeghian Tafti Mohammad Reza , Ostovar Afshin , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Shobeiri Parnian , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Salmani Ibrahim , Khajeaminian Mohammad Reza , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Dehghani Tafti Abbasali
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Reliable and valid information on burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) is essential for short-term and long-term planning. We designed the present study to describe the levels and trends of burden of RTIs in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

This is an observational epidemiological study. We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 estimates to report RTIs incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by sex, age group and road user category in Iran and each of the 31 provinces from 1990 to 2019.

Results

Age-standardised incidence, prevalence, death and DALY rates of RTIs decreased by 31.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 29.4 to 33.9), 34.9% (33.8 to 36.0), 57.7% (48.1 to 62.3) and 60.1% (51.7 to 65.2), respectively between 1990 and 2019. The 2019 age-standardised DALY rates varied from smallest value in Tehran 303.8 (216.9 to 667.2) per 100 000 to largest value in Sistan-Baluchistan 2286.8 (1978.1 to 2627.9) per 100 000. The burden of RTIs was mainly related to injuries sustained by drivers or passengers of motorised vehicles with three or more wheels and pedestrians’ injuries, mostly affected males aged 15–29 years and individuals aged ≥70 years.

Conclusion

The reducing trend in the burden of RTIs in Iran possibly reflects the effectiveness of the intervention programmes. However, with regard to the Sustainable Development Goals the burden is still at an alarming level. Further reductions are necessary for specific road user groups such as adolescent and adult male drivers or passengers of motorised vehicles, also pedestrians aged ≥70 years.
Compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries: evidence from a residential care setting and updated meta-analysis for all patient care settings
Authors: Gustavsson Johanna , Nilson Finn , Bonander Carl
Published: December 2022

Background

Compliant flooring may prevent fall injuries in residential care, but evidence is inconclusive. We investigate compliant sports floors and fall-related injuries in a residential care setting and update a meta-analysis from a recent systematic review on compliant flooring.

Methods

A non-randomised study comparing outcomes in a residential care unit that installed sports flooring in bedrooms with four units with regular flooring in a Norwegian municipality (n=193). Data on falls were collected for a period of 46 months (323 falls on sports flooring; 414 on regular flooring). Outcomes were injurious falls per person bed-day, falls per person bed-day and injury risks per fall. Confounding was adjusted for using Andersen-Gill proportional hazards and log-binomial regression models. Random-effects inverse variance models were used to pool estimates.

Results

Injurious fall rates were 13% lower in the unit with sports flooring (adjusted HR (aHR): 0.87 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.37)). There was limited evidence of adverse effects on fall rates (aHR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63 to 1.38)) and the injury risk per fall was lower in fall events that occurred on sports floors (adjusted relative risk (RR): 0.75 (95% CI: 0.53 to 1.08)). Pooling these estimates with previous research added precision, but the overall pattern was the same (pooled RR for injurious falls: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.39 to 1.12); fall rates: 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.12); injury risks per fall: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.97)).

Conclusion

Sports floors may be an alternative to novel shock-absorbing floors in care settings; however, more research is needed to improve precision.
Epidemiology of cruciate ligament injuries in New Zealand: exploring differences by ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Authors: Pryymachenko Yana , Wilson Ross , Abbott J Haxby
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To investigate the temporal trends and ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in cruciate ligament (CL) injury incidence and associated costs in New Zealand over a 14-year period.

Methods

All CL injury claims lodged between 2007 and 2020 were extracted from the Accident Compensation Corporation (a nationwide no-fault injury compensation scheme) claims dataset. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rates, total injury costs and costs per claim were calculated for each year for total population and subgroups.

Results

The total number of CL injury claims increased from 6972 in 2007 to 8304 in 2019, then decreased to 7068 in 2020 (likely due to widespread COVID-19 restrictions; analysis is therefore restricted to 2007–2019 hereafter). The (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted) incidence rate remained largely unchanged and was 173 cases per 100 000 people in 2019. There was a 127% increase in total injury claims costs and a 90% increase in costs per claim. Pacific people had the highest incidence rate and costs per 100 000 people, while Asians had the lowest; European, Māori and ‘other’ ethnicities had similar incidence rates and total costs. Incidence rates and total costs increased with income and decreased with neighbourhood deprivation. Costs per claim differed little by ethnicity, but increased with income level.

Conclusion

The number and costs of CL injury claims in New Zealand are increasing. There are ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in CL incidence rates and costs, which are important to address when designing CL injury prevention programmes and programmes aimed at improving equity of access to medical care.
Race, structural racism and racial disparities in firearm homicide victimisation
Authors: Conrick Kelsey M , Adhia Avanti , Ellyson Alice , Haviland Miriam Joan , Lyons Vivian H , Mills Brianna , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To identify an approach in measuring the association between structural racism and racial disparities in firearm homicide victimisation focusing on racism, rather than race.

Methods

We examined associations of six measures of structural racism (Black/white disparity ratios in poverty, education, labour force participation, rental housing, single-parent households and index crime arrests) with state-level Black-white disparities in US age-adjusted firearm homicide victimisation rates 2010–2019. We regressed firearm homicide victimisation disparities on four specifications of independent variables: (1) absolute measure only; (2) absolute measure and per cent Black; (3) absolute measure and Black-white disparity ratio and (4) absolute measure, per cent Black and disparity ratio.

Results

For all six measures of structural racism the optimal specification included the absolute measure and Black-white disparity ratio and did not include per cent Black. Coefficients for the Black-white disparity were statistically significant, while per cent Black was not.

Conclusions

In the presence of structural racism measures, the inclusion of per cent Black did not contribute to the explanation of firearm homicide disparities in this study. Findings provide empiric evidence for the preferred use of structural racism measures instead of race.
PP4 inhibition sensitizes ovarian cancer to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via STAT1 activation and inflammatory signaling
Authors: Raja Remya , Wu Christopher , Bassoy Esen Yonca , Rubino Thomas E , Utagawa Emma C , Magtibay Paul M , Butler Kristina A , Curtis Marion
Published: December 2022

Background

Increased infiltration of T cells into ovarian tumors has been repeatedly shown to be predictive of enhanced patient survival. However, despite the evidence of an active immune response in ovarian cancer (OC), the frequency of responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in OC is much lower than other cancer types. Recent studies have highlighted that deficiencies in the DNA damage response (DDR) can drive increased genomic instability and tumor immunogenicity, which leads to enhanced responses to ICB. Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is a critical regulator of the DDR; however, its potential role in antitumor immunity is currently unknown.

Results

Our results show that the PP4 inhibitor, fostriecin, combined with carboplatin leads to increased carboplatin sensitivity, DNA damage, and micronuclei formation. Using multiple OC cell lines, we show that PP4 inhibition orPPP4Cknockdown combined with carboplatin triggers inflammatory signaling via Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation. This resulted in increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines:CCL5,CXCL10, andIL-6. In addition,IFNB1expression was increased suggesting activation of the type I interferon response. Conditioned media from OC cells treated with the combination of PP4 inhibitor and carboplatin significantly increased migration of both CD8 T cell and natural killer (NK) cells over carboplatin treatment alone. Knockdown of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in OC cells significantly abrogated the increase in CD8 T-cell migration induced by PP4 inhibition. Co-culture of NK-92 cells and OC cells withPPP4CorPPP4R3Bknockdown resulted in strong induction of NK cell interferon-γ, increased degranulation, and increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against OC cells. Stable knockdown of PP4C in a syngeneic, immunocompetent mouse model of OC resulted in significantly reduced tumor growthin vivo. Tumors with PP4C knockdown had increased infiltration of NK cells, NK T cells, and CD4+T cells. Addition of low dose carboplatin treatment led to increased CD8+T-cell infiltration in PP4C knockdown tumors as compared with the untreated PP4C knockdown tumors.

Conclusions

Our work has identified a role for PP4 inhibition in promoting inflammatory signaling and enhanced immune cell effector function. These findings support the further investigation of PP4 inhibitors to enhance chemo-immunotherapy for OC treatment.
Intratumoral oncolytic virus V937 plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: the phase 1b MITCI study
Authors: Curti Brendan D , Richards Jon , Hyngstrom John R , Daniels Gregory A , Faries Mark , Feun Lynn , Margolin Kim A , Hallmeyer Sigrun , Grose Mark , Zhang Yiwei , Li Anlong , Andtbacka Robert H I
Published: December 2022

Background

Intratumoral administration of V937, a bioselected, genetically unmodified coxsackievirus A21, has previously demonstrated antitumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma as monotherapy and in combination with the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab. We report results from an open-label, single-arm, phase 1b study (NCT02307149) evaluating V937 plus the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 inhibitor ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods

Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with histologically confirmed metastatic or unresectable stage IIIB/C or IV melanoma received intratumoral V937 on days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 22 and every 3 weeks (Q3W) thereafter for up to 19 sets of injections plus intravenous ipilimumab 3 mg/kg Q3W administered for four doses starting on day 22. Imaging was performed at screening, on days 43 and 106 and every 6 weeks thereafter; response was assessed by immune-related response criteria per investigator assessment. Primary endpoints were safety in all treated patients and objective response rate (ORR) in all treated patients and in patients with disease that progressed on prior anti-PD-1 therapy.

Results

Fifty patients were enrolled and treated. ORR was 30% (95% CI 18% to 45%) among all treated patients, 47% (95% CI 23% to 72%) among patients who had not received prior anti-PD-1 therapy, and 21% (95% CI 9% to 39%) among patients who had experienced disease progression on prior anti-PD-1 therapy. Tumor regression occurred in injected and non-injected lesions. Median immune-related progression-free survival was 6.2 months (95% CI 3.5 to 9.0 months), and median overall survival was 45.1 months (95% CI 28.3 months to not reached). The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were pruritus (n=25, 50%), fatigue (n=22, 44%), and diarrhea (n=16, 32%). There were no V937-related dose-limiting toxicities and no treatment-related grade 5 AEs. Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 AEs, all of which were considered related to ipilimumab, occurred in 14% of patients (most commonly dehydration, diarrhea, and hepatotoxicity in 4% each).

Conclusions

Responses associated with intratumoral V937 plus ipilimumab were robust, including in the subgroup of patients who had experienced disease progression on prior anti-PD-1 therapy. Toxicities were manageable and consistent with those of the individual monotherapies.
Motion artifact correction for cone beam CT stroke imaging: a prospective series
Authors: Cancelliere Nicole M , van Nijnatten Fred , Hummel Eric , Withagen Paul , van de Haar Peter , Nishi Hidehisa , Agid Ronit , Nicholson Patrick , Hallacoglu Bertan , van Vlimmeren Marijke , Pereira Vitor M
Published: December 2022

Background

Imaging assessment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in the angiosuite using cone beam CT (CBCT) has created increased interest since endovascular treatment became the first line therapy for proximal vessel occlusions. One of the main challenges of CBCT imaging in AIS patients is degraded image quality due to motion artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of motion artifacts in CBCT stroke imaging and the effectiveness of a novel motion artifact correction algorithm for image quality improvement.

Methods

Patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms and considered for endovascular treatment were included in the study. CBCT scans were performed using the angiosuite X-ray system. All CBCT scans were post-processed using a motion artifact correction algorithm. Motion artifacts were scored before and after processing using a 4-point scale.

Results

We prospectively included 310 CBCT scans from acute stroke patients. 51% (n=159/310) of scans had motion artifacts, with 24% being moderate to severe. The post-processing algorithm improved motion artifacts in 91% of scans with motion (n=144/159), restoring clinical diagnostic capability in 34%. Overall, 76% of the scans were sufficient for clinical decision-making before correction, which improved to 93% (n=289/310) after post-processing with our algorithm.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that CBCT motion artifacts are significantly reduced using a novel post-processing algorithm, which improved brain CBCT image quality and diagnostic assessment for stroke. This is an important step on the road towards a direct-to-angio approach for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment.
Chemotherapy-induced hand foot syndrome: comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological prophylaxis – systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Ramasubbu Mathan Kumar , Maji Shampa , Padhan Milan , Maiti Rituparna , Hota Debasish , Majumdar Saroj Kumar Das , Srinivasan Anand
Published: December 2022

Background

Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is one of the most common toxicities experienced by patients receiving systemic chemotherapy agents such as capecitabine and multikinase inhibitors such as sorafenib. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic agents such as pyridoxine, celecoxib, urea cream and cystine/theanine in managing HFS. This network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated data from high-quality trials to provide strong evidence in forming recommendations to prevent systemic cancer therapy-induced HFS.

Objective

To examine the comparative efficacy and safety of interventions for preventing systemic chemotherapy-induced HFS in patients with cancer.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase and clinical trial registry for RCTs of interventions for preventing HFS. Bayesian NMA was performed to estimate the OR with 95% credible intervals (CrI) from both direct and indirect evidence. The outcome measures were the incidence of HFS (grade ≥1) and moderate to severe HFS (grade ≥2). Adverse drug reactions were discussed descriptively.

Results

A total of 15 RCTs with 2715 patients with 12 prophylactic strategies were included. The analysis showed only celecoxib could significantly prevent the incidence of moderate to severe HFS (grade ≥2) (OR 0.29, 95% CrI 0.13 to 0.68). But none of the preventive interventions could prevent the incidence of HFS (grade ≥1).

Conclusion

Only celecoxib (200 mg two times per day) showed significant prevention of the incidence of moderate to severe HFS. Pyridoxine (400 mg once daily) and urea cream (10%) have to be evaluated further in larger randomised trials.
The JADE experiment at the PETRA $$e^+e^-$$ collider: history, achievements and revival
Authors: Bethke S. , Wagner A.
Published: December 2022

The JADE experiment was one of five large detector systems taking data at the electron–positron collider PETRA, from 1979 to 1986, at $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
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annihilation centre-of-mass energies from 12 to 46.7 GeV. The forming of the JADE collaboration, the construction of the apparatus, the most prominent physics highlights, and the post-mortem resurrection and preservation of JADE’s data and software are reviewed.
A Tribute to Sir Harold Jalland Stiles (1863–1946)
Authors: KAMATH Jagannath , JAIN Manesh
Published: December 2022

In this historical report, we celebrate 100 years of a surgical procedure for claw correction described by Harold Stiles, which still holds good and learn more about this pioneer who revolutionised the treatment for claw correction.
Carpal Tunnel Volume after Basal Joint Arthroplasty in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: KUBOTA Yutaka , KAWASAKI Keikichi , KUBO Kazutoshi , NEMOTO Tetsuya , TOYOSHIMA Yoichi , INAGAKI Katsunori
Published: December 2022

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is occasionally associated with basal joint arthritis and is more common in postmenopausal women than in the general population. Currently, more evidence is needed to describe changes in the carpal tunnel after basal joint arthroplasty (BJA) of the thumb and to determine whether it is better to combine the release of the flexor retinaculum. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in the carpal tunnel cross-sectional area and carpal tunnel shape after complete removal of the trapezium during BJA of the thumb, according to computed tomography (CT) findings.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the carpal tunnel cross-sectional area with CT findings obtained pre- and postoperatively in 20 postmenopausal women who underwent BJA of the thumb.

Results: The average horizontal plane area of the carpal tunnel was 1.11 ± 0.19 cm2 preoperatively and increased to 1.23 ± 0.2 cm2 at 3 months postoperatively (p = 0.0411). The ratio of the longitudinal diameter to the horizontal diameter was significantly increased from 0.6 ± 0.13 preoperatively to 1.23 ± 0.2 postoperatively (p = 0.0439).

Conclusions: The increase in the carpal tunnel cross-sectional area was confirmed after BJA of the thumb. This increased carpal tunnel cross-sectional area changed as the longitudinal diameter increased, without changes in the horizontal diameter.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Fairness of Information Flow in Social Networks
Authors: Jalali Zeinab S. , Chen Qilan , Srikanta Shwetha M. , Wang Weixiang , Kim Myunghwan , Raghavan Hema , Soundarajan Sucheta
Published: December 2022

Social networks form a major parts of people’s lives, and individuals often make important life decisions based on information that spreads through these networks. For this reason, it is important to know whether individuals from different protected groups have equal access to information flowing through a network. In this article, we define theInformation Unfairness (IUF)metric, which quantifies inequality in access to information across protected groups. We then introduceMinIUF, an algorithm for reducing inequalities in information flow by adding edges to the network. Finally, we provide an in-depth analysis of information flow with respect to an attribute of interest, such as gender, across different types of networks to evaluate whether the structure of these networks allows groups to equally access information flowing in the network. Moreover, we investigate the causes of unfairness in such networks and how it can be improved.
Students Report of ACM Multimedia 2021
Authors: Chen Shaoxiang , Fu Yuqian , Wang Zheng , Jiao Yang , Zhang Yechao , Gan Jingru , Zhu Yanqiao , Wang Yudong , Liu Peidong , Zhang Haoyu
Published: December 2022

Due to the COVID-19, the annual ACM Multimedia Conference (https://2021.acmmm.org) was held in a hybrid mode - onsite in Chengdu, China, and online jointly this year. The organizers have made meticulous preparations for this conference and totally more than 1000 researchers from all over the world participated.
JPEG Column: 93rd JPEG Meeting
Authors: Pinheiro Antonio
Published: December 2022

The 93rd JPEG meeting was held online from 18 to 22 October 2021. The JPEG Committee continued its work on the development of new standardised solutions for the representation of visual information. Notably, the JPEG Committee has decided to release a new call for proposals on point cloud coding based on machine learning technologies that targets both compression efficiency and effective performance for 3D processing as well as machine and computer vision tasks. This activity will be conducted in parallel with JPEG AI standardization. Furthermore, it was also decided to pursue the development of a new standard in the context of the exploration on JPEG Fake News activity.
Low Pass Filter Design Using Lumped Elements for RF Applications
Authors: Fatima Sana
Published: December 2022

In this paper we will discuss the complete method to design an RF filter using lumped element technique. The paper will consist of complete procedure of the topology, its schematics, results and problems related to that design (if any). Particularly Low pass filter will be designed on hardware which is suitable to the situation and VNA results will be attached. Difference between Hardware and software will also be discussed.
Refining the reproducibility of a murine model of stress-induced reversible cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hayashi Tomohiro , Tiwary Sajal K. , Lim Kenji Rowel Q. , Rocha-Resende Cibele , Kovacs Attila , Weinheimer Carla , Mann Douglas L.
Published: December 2022

The present study highlights the importance of sexual dimorphism with respect to isoproterenol injury, as well as the importance of animal handling and welfare to obtain reproducible results from investigator to investigator. Based on serial observations of animal recovery (locomotor activity and grooming behavior), troponin I release, and inflammation, we identified that the method used to restrain the mice for the intraperitoneal injection was the single greatest source of variability in this model.