bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The California Legacy Survey. V. Chromospheric Activity Cycles in Main-sequence Stars
Authors: Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Fulton Benjamin , Petigura Erik A. , Weiss Lauren M. , Kane Stephen R. , Carter Brad , Beard Corey , Giacalone Steven , Van Zandt Judah , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Dai Fei , Chontos Ashley , Polanski Alex S. , Rice Malena , Lubin Jack , Brinkman Casey , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Blunt Sarah , Yee Samuel W. , MacDougall Mason G. , Dalba Paul A. , Tyler Dakotah , Behmard Aida , Angelo Isabel , Pidhorodetska Daria , Mayo Andrew W. , Holcomb Rae , Turtelboom Emma V. , Hill Michelle L. , Bouma Luke G. , Zhang Jingwen , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Saunders Nicholas
Published: September 2024

We present optical spectroscopy of 710 solar neighborhood stars collected over 20 years to catalog chromospheric activity and search for stellar activity cycles. The California Legacy Survey stars are amenable to exoplanet detection using precise radial velocities, and we present their Ca ii H and K time series as a proxy for stellar and chromospheric activity. Using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck Observatory, we measured stellar flux in the cores of the Ca ii H and K lines to determine S-values on the Mount Wilson scale and the

log
(

R
HK
′

)

metric, which is comparable across a wide range of spectral types. From the 710 stars, with 52,372 observations, 285 stars were sufficiently sampled to search for stellar activity cycles with periods of 2–25 yr, and 138 stars showed stellar cycles of varying length and amplitude. S-values can be used to mitigate stellar activity in the detection and characterization of exoplanets. We used them to probe stellar dynamos and to place the Sun's magnetic activity into context among solar neighborhood stars. Using precise stellar parameters and time-averaged activity measurements, we found tightly constrained cycle periods as a function of stellar temperature between

log
(

R
HK
′

)

of −4.7 and −4.9, a range of activity in which nearly every star has a periodic cycle. These observations present the largest sample of spectroscopically determined stellar activity cycles to date.
Equations of State, Thermodynamics, and Miscibility Curves for Jovian Planet and Giant Exoplanet Evolutionary Models
Authors: Tejada Arevalo Roberto , Su Yubo , Sur Ankan , Burrows Adam
Published: September 2024

The equation of state of hydrogen–helium (H–He) mixtures plays a vital role in the evolution and structure of gas giant planets and exoplanets. Recent equations of state that account for H–He interactions, coupled with H–He immiscibility curves, can now produce more physical evolutionary models, such as accounting for helium rain with greater fidelity than in the past. In this work, we present a set of tools for planetary evolution that provides a Python interface for existing tables of useful thermodynamic quantities, state-of-the-art H–He equations of state, and pressure-dependent H–He immiscibility curves. In particular, for a collection of independent variable choices, we provide scripts to calculate the variety of thermodynamic derivatives used to model convection and energy transport. These include the chemical potential derived from the internal energy, which is a modeling necessity in the presence of composition gradients when entropy is the other primary variable. Finally, an entropy-based convection formalism is presented and fully described that highlights the physical differences between adiabatic and isentropic interior models. This centralized resource is meant to facilitate both giant planet structural and evolutionary modeling and the entry of new research groups into the field of giant planet modeling. All tables of thermodynamic quantities and derivatives are available at https://github.com/Rob685/hhe_eos_misc, along with a unified Python interface. Tutorials demonstrating the interface are also available in the repository.
Impact Momentum Transfer—Insights from Numerical Simulation of Impacts on Large Boulders of Asteroids
Authors: Dai Kaiyi , Luo Xi-Zi , Zhu Meng-Hua , Collins Gareth S. , Davison Thomas , Luther Robert , Wünnemann Kai
Published: September 2024

Asteroids pose potential hazards to Earth. The recent NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test mission successfully demonstrated the change of an asteroid’s orbit by a kinetic impactor. This study focuses on impact-induced vertical momentum transfer efficiency (β − 1) considering various impact angles and subsurface boulder arrangements. Utilizing the iSALE-3D shock physics code, we simulate oblique impacts on different subsurface boulder configurations. Our results show that vertical ejecta momentum decreases with obliquity, with buried boulders inducing an anti-armoring effect. We define the direct impact-contacted boulder as the primary boulder and the surrounding boulders as secondary. The anti-armoring effect is most pronounced when the primary boulder is just below the surface, amplifying β – 1 by 50%. Impact angles between 60° and 75° exhibit a critical drop in ejecta momentum. An in-depth exploration of subsurface boulder arrangements reveals that secondary boulders have a minimal effect on vertical momentum transfer efficiency. Varying the size and separation of secondary boulders suggests that these subsurface features can either enhance or diminish the overall β − 1, providing insights into the dynamics of rubble-pile asteroids. In addition, impact melting is explored in our simulations, which suggests a minimal melt retention on Dimorphos’s surface. Volumes of retained melt differ by an order of magnitude for impacts on the homogeneous regolith and on targets with buried boulders. In summary, this study provides insights into the effect of subsurface boulders and impact angles on vertical momentum transfer efficiency, which is crucial for understanding asteroid deflection by a kinetic impactor.
Le Mécanisme Troc Carbone Avion (TCA)
Authors: Trannoy Alain , Bono Pierre-Henri
Published: September 2024

Troc Carbone Avion (TCA) est un mécanisme de répartition des quotas d’émissions pour les passagers français du transport aérien assorti d’un mécanisme de troc au prix tutélaire du carbone de 100 € la première année et qui suit pour les années suivantes la trajectoire de croissance des prix définie dans le rapport Quinet II. Il peut aussi être décrit comme un mécanisme hybride de taxe/subvention avec seuil. En se basant sur les dernières données disponibles, chaque Français disposerait d’un quota d’émission de 0,4 tonne de carbone la première année. Le mode opératoire est une application du type TousAntiCovid avec QR code exigé, un « pass carbone », au moment de l’enregistrement par les compagnies aériennes pour obtenir sa carte d’embarquement. Le compte carbone personnel serait rattaché à la possession de la nationalité française ou le fait de résider en France. Nous estimons que le TCA pourrait entraîner une baisse de 6 % du total des émissions la première année pour une valeur d’échange sur le marché de l’ordre d’1,5Md’€. Le TCA est aussi un mécanisme de transfert qui redistribue du pouvoir d’achat essentiellement du dernier décile au premier décile de la distribution de revenus qui pourrait voir son pouvoir d’achat augmenter de 0,5 %. Nous proposons une variante du TCA pour le rendre compatible et complémentaire du système d’échange des quotas d’émission européen, SEQE-UE.
Le « bouclier informationnel » ukrainien
Authors: Pétiniaud Louis
Published: September 2024

À partir du début de la guerre russo-ukrainienne en 2014, l’espace numérique ukrainien est devenu la cible de multiples attaques émanant de Russie. En Ukraine, ces attaques, notamment informationnelles, ont suscité une transformation du concept de souveraineté informationnelle. Devenue prioritaire pour garantir l’intégrité du territoire, la protection de l’espace informationnel a été mise en place par les autorités à travers des politiques infrastructurelles de protection de l’information, notamment à travers les infrastructures logiques du réseau, suscitant de vifs débats parmi et entre différentes catégories d’acteurs publics et privés. À partir de l’analyse de sources doctrinaires, académiques, médiatiques et d’entretiens, cet article explore l’évolution de la souveraineté numérique en Ukraine et de son application. En analysant comment l’infrastructure logique devient un lieu d’exercice et de contestation du pouvoir étatique, l’article contribue ainsi à la compréhension de dynamiques de gouvernance et de territorialisation de l’infrastructure spécifiques dans un contexte de guerre existentielle.
Les ancrages nationaux d’une multinationale
Authors: Thibout Charles
Published: September 2024

Si le pouvoir des multinationales, et des GAFAM en particulier, apparaît comme l’un des faits politiques et économiques majeurs de notre époque, s’exerce-t-il sans frictions au contact des espaces de pouvoir nationaux qu’elles rencontrent au gré de leur internationalisation ? Cet article entend contribuer à y répondre, en analysant l’implantation de Google en France à travers le prisme de ses recrutements. Fondée sur des entretiens, l’exploitation d’archives et une analyse prosopographique, cette enquête permet de rendre compte des efforts d’adaptation produits par une multinationale du numérique pour pénétrer le marché français, alors que la firme est précocement l’objet de mobilisations hostiles et d’une mise en problème politique. L’objectif de l’article est d’analyser ce processus d’adaptation, qui passe par le recrutement de salariés et de dirigeants aux propriétés hybrides, situés à l’interface entre Google et le champ du pouvoir national. Les ancrages nationaux de ces recrues en général, et des représentants d’intérêts en particulier, aménagent des espaces de négociation où se jouent l’entrée de la firme dans le travail gouvernemental et la reconnaissance de sa légitimité à s’insérer dans certains secteurs d’action publique.
Une réforme entre opacité et injonction, une mobilisation improbable : la police judiciaire aux prises avec la départementalisation
Authors: Schlosser Jean-Michel , Guenot Marion
Published: September 2024

Cet article s’intéresse au processus conflictuel ayant conduit à la réforme de la structuration de la police nationale, dite de départementalisation de la police nationale, expérimentée dès l’automne 2019. De manière inattendue, cette réforme a généré des contestations de la part de la filière habituellement la plus discrète de l’institution : la police judiciaire. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons ses spécificités et les nombreuses inflexions qu’elle a connues à travers le temps, sans protestations majeures jusqu’ici. Dans un second temps, nous décrivons la mobilisation contre la réforme qui a abouti à la création d’une association (Association nationale de police judiciaire – ANPJ) dédiée, en faisant l’hypothèse que son existence même témoigne d’une profonde transformation tant de l’environnement que de la population des « péjistes ».
Les gendarmes et le partenariat local sous l’ère de la PSQ : enjeux d’ancrage et continuum de sécurité dans les zones rurales et périurbaines
Authors: Malochet Virginie
Published: September 2024

Lancée en février 2018, la police de sécurité du quotidien (PSQ) vise à permettre une action « sur mesure » des forces de l’ordre, en phase avec les besoins locaux. Elle a vocation à s’appliquer partout en France, y compris dans les secteurs ruraux et périurbains couverts par la gendarmerie. C’est sur ces territoires que l’article porte, l’objectif étant, à travers cette réforme, d’apporter un éclairage sur les modes de production de la sécurité locale en zone gendarmerie, les recompositions à l’œuvre, les dynamiques partenariales et la répartition des rôles avec les polices des collectivités notamment.
Quand la science-fiction infiltre les organisations
Authors: Adam-Ledunois Sonia , Roussie Marie , Denis-Rémis Cédric
Published: September 2024

De plus en plus d’organisations s’intéressent à la science-fiction. Le nombre de programmes dédiés se multiplie, au point de générer un nouveau concept, la « science-fiction institutionnelle » (Michaud, 2023). Ce champ regroupe différentes démarches et méthodes. Cet article propose de contribuer à la définition de la science-fiction institutionnelle (SFI) et ce, à partir d’une cartographie de 56 programmes de SFI. Les principales modalités de travail des organisations avec la SF sont ainsi caractérisées. Une taxonomie est in fine proposée, distinguant trois profils types de science-fiction institutionnelle.
L’évolution des valeurs dans le système public de santé en Chine
Authors: Lande Évelyne , Zhou Linlin
Published: September 2024

Depuis 1949, plusieurs réformes du système de santé en Chine ont visé à décentraliser l’administration en passant d’un système organisé à un système régulé par l’État, même si le gouvernement chinois joue toujours un rôle dominant sur les plans législatif et administratif. La gestion du système de santé a également fortement évolué, passant d’une gestion bureaucratique administrative à une gestion inspirée par le New Public Management . Dans un contexte de croissance des maladies chroniques et de vieillissement de la population, il est intéressant d’étudier les relations existantes entre les différentes parties prenantes (le gouvernement, les médecins, les patients et les gestionnaires). Pour cela l’article mobilise le cadre théorique du Public Value Management et le cadre d’analyse des valeurs publiques développé par Nabatchi (2018), pour étudier l’évolution des valeurs publiques au sein du système de santé public chinois au cours de quatre grandes périodes de 1949 à 2021.
Rumeur et vérité
Authors: Gomes Lucie
Published: September 2024

Les réflexions d’Arendt sur la vérité sont très intéressantes à utiliser pour penser l’enseignement critique, c’est ce que Fabre a déjà montré dans son ouvrage de 2019. Les vérités de fait sont incontestables alors que les vérités de raison sont construites et peuvent être soumises à la discussion. C’est ce que nous avons expérimenté avec des élèves de collège devant visiter le village martyr d’Oradour-sur-Glane. Habitant à proximité, certains d’entre eux sont persuadés qu’un autre village aurait dû être massacré, mais que les Allemands se seraient trompés en 1944. C’est déjà ce que croyaient de nombreuses personnes à l’époque. Cette rumeur persistante est souvent déconstruite par les enseignants puisque les preuves ne laissent aucun doute. Nous avons voulu aller plus loin et montrer les potentialités d’une enquête historienne problématisée sur les raisons de l’existence de cette rumeur.
Ostrowski and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities via $ (\alpha-s) $ exponential type convex functions with applications
Authors: Bakht Attazar , Anwar Matloob
Published: September 2024

Integral inequalities involving exponential convexity are significant in both theoretical and applied mathematics. In this paper, we establish a new Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for the class of exponentially convex functions by using the concept of $ (\alpha-s) $ exponentially convex function. Additionally, using the well-known Hermite-Hadamard and Ostrowski inequalities, we establish several new integral inequalities. These newly obtained results contain several well-known results as special cases. Finally, new estimations for the trapezoidal formula have been provided, illustrating the practical applications of the research.
Explicit formulae for Bernoulli numbers
Authors: Li Nadia N. , Chu Wenchang
Published: September 2024

By examining the connection coefficients, we systematically review and extend (with an extra integer parameter) several double sum expressions for the Bernoulli numbers. New summation formulae are also established explicitly.
On the convergence properties of generalized Szász–Kantorovich type operators involving Frobenious–Euler–Simsek-type polynomials
Authors: Agyuz Erkan
Published: September 2024

This work focuses on the study of approximation properties of functions by Szász type operators involving Frobenius–Euler–Simsek-type polynomials, which have become more popular recently because of their special characteristics and functional organization. The convergence properties such as uniformly convergence and pointwise convergence in terms of modulus of continuity and Peetre-$ \it K $ functional are investigated with the help of these sequences of operators in depth. This paper also includes the estimation of the error of the approximation of these sequences of operators to some particular class of functions. The estimates are depicted using the Maple scientific computing program and presented in tables.
Decision methods based on Bonferroni mean operators and EDAS for the classifications of circular pythagorean fuzzy Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Ali Zeeshan , Waqas Muhammad , Liu Peide
Published: September 2024

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to process an overall summary estimation, and the technique of meta-analysis is mostly used in medicine, social science, and psychology. In this manuscript, we aimed to combine the techniques of the Bonferroni mean (BM) operator based on circular Pythagorean fuzzy (CPF) sets, called the CPF Bonferroni mean (CPFBM) operator, and CPF weighted Bonferroni mean (CPFWBM) operator and described their special cases with the help of two parameters, "s" and "t", and some describable properties of them are also proposed. Further, we present the evaluation technique based on distance from average solution (EDAS) technique and the proposed operators. Moreover, we use some examples to show the flexibility and dominance of the proposed operators by comparing the proposed methods with some existing techniques.
EEG FEATURE EXTRACTION AND RECOGNITION BASED ON MULTI-FEATURE FUSION
Authors: Sun Jian , Wu Quanyu , Gao Nan , Pan Lingjiao , Tao Weige
Published: September 2024

In response to the issue of insufficient information and low classification accuracy in single-channel feature extraction algorithms for EEG signals, the paper proposed a method based on Adaptive Noise-assisted Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMDAN) and multi-feature fusion. Firstly, we acquired multi-channel motor imagery EEG data and preprocessed it. Next, utilized CEEMDAN with adaptive noise to adaptively decompose the channel data. Secondly, extracted features from the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) which we obtained after CEEMDAN decomposition for different feature layers and fused them, obtaining the original feature matrices for each feature layer. Finally, we fused and reduced the dimensionality of the original feature matrices from each layer, input the resulting matrix into a classification model for classification, and output the classification results. We achieve an average classification accuracy of 88.59% on the BCI Competition II Data Set III, and validate the results on self-collected single-channel motor imagery EEG data, achieving a classification accuracy of 89.72%. Experimental results indicate that multi-feature fusion outperforms single features, and the combination of CEEMDAN decomposition with multi-feature fusion achieves higher classification accuracy.
A ASCENSÃO DAS FIRMAS MULTINACIONAIS E O PROCESSO DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO: O CASO DA CHINA
Authors: Chaib Diana Chaukat
Published: September 2024

De acordo com o relatório da UNCTAD (2013), cerca de 80% do comércio global está relacionado às redes de produção de empresas multinacionais. Acompanhando essas transformações do capitalismo contemporâneo à nível mundial, a literatura sobre a firma multinacional tem se desenvolvido cada vez mais e ocupado uma posição de destaque quando o debate trata das metamorfoses da firma. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o processo de internacionalização das firmas chinesas e as estratégias adotadas pelo país. Assim, parte-se do pressuposto de que não é possível analisar o processo de desenvolvimento recente da China sem considerar as multinacionais.
A qualidade do emprego nas atividades de cana-de-açúcar, de fabricação de produtos têxteis, da metalurgia básica e da construção no Brasil nos anos de 2002, 2009 e 2015
Authors: Bastos Laísa de Bem , Juliene Pereira Lima Débora , Junio Faria Neves Otávio
Published: September 2024

O mercado de trabalho brasileiro apresenta disparidades com relação à remuneração, jornada de trabalho, recebimento de benefícios, dentre outros. Considerando esses diversos aspectos, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a qualidade do emprego nas atividades de cana-de-açúcar, de fabricação de produtos têxteis, da metalurgia básica e da construção civil no Brasil nos anos de 2002, 2009 e 2015. Com esse intuito, serão construídos os Índices de Qualidade do Emprego (IQE’s) de acordo com a metodologia descrita por Kageyama e Rehder (1993) e replicada por Balsadi (2000). Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) dos respectivos anos. Os resultados demonstraram que a qualidade do emprego é maior nas atividades de metalurgia básica, seguida pela fabricação de produtos têxteis, cana-de-açúcar e construção civil. A cana-de-açúcar foi à atividade que apresentou o maior avanço dos IQE’s dentre as ocupações estudadas.
Revisão integrativa de literatura da hipótese de fragilidade financeira proposta por Minsky
Authors: Caríssimo Cláudio
Published: September 2024

Este artigo conduz uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura sobre a Hipótese de Fragilidade Financeira apresentada por Minsky e sobre a Fragilidade Financeira Aplicada ao Setor Público. Foram escolhidos 20 trabalhos que abordaram sobre o tema proposto tanto em procedimentos quantitativos quanto qualitativos. Os temas discutiram formas de mensuração da fragilidade financeira, efeitos na política fiscal e necessidade de regulação, relações entre o investimento, expectativas de fluxos de caixa, a influência das taxas de juros e do endividamento nas firmas e a instabilidade financeira. A integração reforçou os aspectos conceituais e as proposições apresentadas por Minsky, ampliando de forma integrada o entendimento de suas suposições teóricas quanto à fragilidade financeira, abordando quanto às causas, observações e consequências econômicas e institucionais, além de sinalizar para insuficiências de estudos mais empíricos e para o setor público.
RESENHA Política econômica e dinâmica macroeconômica nos governos Dilma Russeff e Michel Temer (2011-2018)
Authors: Garcia Maria de Fátima
Published: September 2024

RESENHA
Gesture-Based Control of an OMRON Viper 650 Robot
Authors: Alvarado García Gabriel Alfredo , Núñez Rodríguez Fávell Eduardo
Published: September 2024

This project focuses on developing and implementing a robotic control system based on detecting signs and gestures using computer vision. The main goal was to create an intuitive and efficient interface for interacting with an OMRON Viper 650 industrial robot. To achieve this, computer vision technologies like Mediapipe and OpenCV were used to detect and recognize the user’s hands and fingers in real-time. The collected data was processed with a Python script and stored in a text file. Additionally, a program was developed in C# using OMRON’s ACE programming interface to extract data from the text file and send commands to the Viper 650 robot, enabling it to interpret the user’s gestures and perform actions accordingly. This project has successfully created an innovative solution that combines computer vision, programming, and industrial robotics to provide an intuitive and efficient control experience, opening up new possibilities in industrial and human-robot interaction applications.
Effects of postpartum fatigue, parenting stress, and family support on postpartum depression in Chinese first-time mothers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yi Feiyan , Ahn Sukhee
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the levels of postpartum fatigue, parenting stress, family support,and postpartum depression (PPD) experienced by first-time Chinese mothers and to investigatetheir impact on PPD.Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved 150 primigravida women attending postnatal checkupsin Hebi City, Henan Province, China. Demographic data and information on environmental variables(living conditions, family relationships), postpartum fatigue, parenting stress, family support(expected vs. actual level), and PPD were collected.Results: The average age of the women was 26.25 years (SD, ±3.90), with 78.7% at risk for PPD(score ≥10). Significant correlations were found between PPD and postpartum fatigue (r=.63,p<.001), parenting stress (r=.59, p<.001), and family support (r=.40, p<.001). In model 1, which examinedthe influence of women’s demographic variables on PPD, significant factors included a poorrelationship with parents (β=.24, p=.001), a poor relationship with parents-in-law (β=.18, p=.029),and a poor relationship with the husband (β=.20, p=.013). When the three research variables were incorporatedinto model 2, the factors contributing to a higher level of PPD included a poor relationshipwith parents-in-law (β=.14, p=.033), increased postpartum fatigue (β=.37, p<.001), increasedparenting stress (β=.33, p<.001), and less family support than expected (β=.12, p=.048).Conclusion: The most critical factors influencing PPD include postpartum fatigue, parenting stress,poor relationships with parents-in-law, and low family support among Chinese primiparas. To mitigatePPD levels, healthcare professionals should screen mothers for depression in outpatient clinicsand offer education and counseling to both mothers and their families or companions regarding PPD.
Factors influencing happiness and depression in high-risk pregnant women: a cross-sectional study using the ecological systems approach
Authors: Choi Hyunkyung
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The increasing number of high-risk pregnancies has led to a greater emphasis on psychological well-being in nursing care. However, reducing depression does not automatically equate to increasing happiness. This study aimed to systematically examine the factors influencing happiness and depression among high-risk pregnant women in South Korea.Methods: This correlational, cross-sectional study was based on the ecological systems theory. In total, 152 high-risk pregnant women completed a self-report survey questionnaire available online or offline. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.Results: The first model (individual system) identified pregnancy stress and mindfulness as significant factors influencing both happiness and depression. The second model (microsystem) identified medical status at the time of the survey, maternal-fetal interaction, marital intimacy, and social support as additional significant factors influencing either happiness or depression. In the third model (mesosystem), maternal-fetal interaction and paternal-fetal attachment were no longer identified as significant factors. Although the fourth model (exosystem) did not identify community service as a significant factor, individual (pregnancy stress, mindfulness) and microsystem (marital intimacy) factors were found to influence happiness and depression. Medical status at the time of survey and social support were additional factors that influenced happiness, but not depression. These factors explained 51.2% and 55.5% of the variance in happiness and depression, respectively, among high-risk pregnant women.Conclusion: Different factors at the individual and microsystem levels affected happiness and depression among high-risk pregnant women. Hence, efforts to reduce depression among these women should be accompanied by efforts to actively promote happiness.
The fire hazard preparedness of special needs schools in the North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Raphela Tlou D. , Ndaba Ndivhuwo
Published: September 2024

Fire disaster preparedness has been reported as critical in schools, especially for schools that have learners with special needs. This study, therefore, through a quantitative research approach, collected data from 88 participants across nine special needs schools (SNS) in the North West Province of South Africa to assess the fire preparedness of these schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The study applied descriptive and inferential statistics using R Statistical Software package to analyse questions that gauged the fire preparedness of the sampled schools. Four generalised linear and one ordinal regression models were applied to the data and found statistically significant differences for some predictors across the four applied GLMs. Significant results were found for the school fire safety management model applied to the Disaster Preparedness Strategy framework (χ2 = 206.7; p = 0.01; R2 = 90.5%). However, a significant difference was only found in the question of early warning systems across the eight predictor variables for the framework.Contribution: The maintenance and recordkeeping model showed significant results in terms of record maintenance and the frequency of fire safety equipment inspections. While compliance with specific fire safety regulations is essential, broader engagement and continuous improvement in early warning systems are necessary for a more resilient disaster preparedness strategy. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding and improving fire hazard preparedness in these schools. The authors therefore recommend intervention from the authorities to assist these schools to prepare for fires.
Understanding the struggle: Unique challenges of adherence in male diabetic patients in Tshwane
Authors: Mokoena Refilwe S.N. , Makhavhu Eugene M. , Tshivhase Livhuwani
Published: September 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes prevalence is steadily increasing worldwide, and South Africa is one of the countries in Africa with the highest prevalence of this disease, along with other non-communicable diseases. The adherence to treatment in male patients with type 2 diabetes is influenced by their attitudes towards medication and how they perceive their condition. To some extent, these factors impact the treatment outcomes for patients undergoing type 2 diabetes treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of male patients with type 2 diabetes on their adherence to diabetic therapy. The study was conducted in the clinics of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan municipality in Gauteng.Methods: This study followed a qualitative, exploratory design. Data were gathered from 15 male patients who were purposefully sampled through in-person, one-on-one interviews with the principal investigator. The eight steps outlined by Tesch were used to analyse the participant data.Results: Emergent themes indicated that there were barriers to adherence to diabetic treatment and also factors that promoted adherence to diabetic treatment among the participants. Several factors were found to affect treatment uptake among the participants.Conclusion: Patients demonstrated various reactions to diabetic treatment, highlighting the need for reinforcing education at the time of diagnosis and treatment initiation. Additionally, regular patient follow-up may be essential to improve adherence among patients.Contribution: The study highlights the importance of health promotion and the need to develop materials for medication-specific counselling for patients receiving diabetic treatment, in order to promote adherence.
A culturally congruent approach to trauma symptoms detection in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Chhagan Usha , Karim Enver , Paruk Saeeda , Tomita Andrew , Chiliza Bonginkosi
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
Cost-Effectiveness of Decentralized Solid Waste Management Method as Compared to the Centralized Method Implemented Through Urban Local Government in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Shanmugiah Porchelvan , Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Ponnaiah Manickam
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To compare the cost-effectiveness of a newly introduced decentralized method with the existing centralized solid waste management (SWM) method in 2019 in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the costs for the two SWM methods using the bottom-up approach. We ascertained cost centers for the collection, transportation, and processing of solid waste for the two methods. We reviewed the records and collected data to estimate the costs and outputs (waste processed per capita) of the two SWM methods using data abstraction forms for each identified cost center. We calculated the cost and outcome of both methods and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:

The total cost for the decentralized method was ₹121 million (USD 1.72 million), and that of the centralized method was ₹222 million (USD 3.15 million). The cost per capita of SWM in one year was lesser for the decentralized (₹526) as compared to the centralized method (₹612). The cost per metric tonne (MT) of SWM in decentralized and centralized methods was ₹5595 and ₹4683, respectively. The ICER lies in the right lower quadrant (ICER: 1.2375), indicating that the decentralized method was cost-effective.

Conclusion:

Solid waste processing by the decentralized method is cost-effective as compared to the centralized processing method in terms of waste processed per capita. We recommend the civic bodies to adopt the decentralized method with sufficient allocation of resources for efficient SWM. Furthermore, this will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also have a positive impact on climate change mitigation.
Pretransplantation Cardiac Workup of the Kidney Transplant Recipient for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Trivedi Mayuri , Siodia Kayan
Published: September 2024

As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases globally, a greater number of CKD patients are surviving to become end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and avail kidney transplantation as means of therapy. Furthermore, with the global mismatch of demand and supply of organs, a large number of ESKD patients remain on the waitlist of deceased donor renal transplantation for longer times. The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rises exponentially with advancing stages of CKD. The elevated risk in these patients also accounts for CVD as the leading cause of mortality in these patients as compared to the underlying kidney disease. Wherein, there is ample justification for pretransplantation screening of a potential transplantation recipient, the benefits of such screening remain unproven in literature. In this narrative review, we discuss the uncertainties associated with pretransplantation cardiac screening including the appropriate tests, the interpretation of their results, and the complications of the same and deal with the cardiac screening pertaining predominantly to coronary heart disease.
A study on clinico-immunologic response and virologic suppression rates of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of naïve HIV-positive patients at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Mandal Madhuchhanda , Parvin Sabnam , Das Sonali
Published: September 2024

Background:

The tenofovir–lamivudine–efavirenz regimen was introduced in 2018, and there was a lack of data on the treatment trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in India. Therefore, we initiated this study.

Objectives:

Our objective was to evaluate the clinical and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as the virological suppression rate in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-positive patients attending the School of Tropical Medicine in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Settings and Design:

This longitudinal prospective study was conducted at the School of Tropical Medicine in Kolkata from July 2019 to May 2020.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 106 treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients were recruited and evaluated for clinical, immunological, and virological responses over 6 months following the initiation of ART.

Statistical analysis:

All statistical calculations were performed using R software version 4.0.2. Comparisons between observations were made using the t test, and statistical associations were assessed with Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

All patients were diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, and the mean time to ART initiation was 12.9 days, with a standard deviation of 8.6 days. Among the participants, 75 patients (70.8%) had at least one opportunistic infection (OI), the most common being oral candidiasis, followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Additionally, 59 patients (55.7%) had multiple OIs. The majority of the study population (77.4%) presented with advanced HIV disease. Six patients (5.7%) developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during the 6-month follow-up period. At baseline, most patients had a CD4 count between 150 and 200 cells/μL, and after 6 months of follow-up, most had a CD4 count above 300 cells/μL. Viral suppression was achieved in 97.1% of patients. Excluding those with poor adherence, the efficacy of the tenofovir–lamivudine–efavirenz regimen in suppressing HIV viral load was 99%.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that there was a significant improvement in clinical and immunological responses, as well as virological suppression, following the initiation of ART in ART-naïve HIV-positive patients at 6 months follow-up.
Histopathological spectrum of round cell tumors in a tertiary care center of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Siddiqui Rabia Parveen , Pandey Varsha , Ratre Dakesh
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

The term “round cell tumors” (RCTs) refers to a diverse group of neoplasms that share similar histopathological features, including uniform, small, round cells with round nuclei, fine chromatin, and scanty clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. This study assesses the spectrum of RCTs across different age and sex groups.

Materials and Methods:

The study included all histologically diagnosed cases of RCT from the Department of Pathology over 5 years.

Results:

The results revealed that 107 RCT cases were diagnosed through histopathology and further analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The patients’ ages ranged from 1 to 75 years, with the highest incidence (34%) occurring in the 16–45 years age group. Of the 107 cases, 54 (51%) were males and 53 (49%) were females. Thirteen different types of RCTs were identified, with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma being the most common (29.90%). Most cases (46%) were in the head and neck region.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

This study concludes that RCTs are widespread in their anatomical distribution and exhibit diverse patterns of round cells morphologically, making histopathological diagnosis challenging. IHC is highly valuable for diagnosis, though some cases require molecular diagnosis for confirmation.
Protocol-based management of acute chest pain to reduce door-to-balloon time: insights from a tertiary care emergency department
Authors: Awasthi Ankur , Tyagi Shweta , Jain Nitin , Sharma Amit Bhushan , Kukreti Bharat Bhooshan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chest pain is among the most common reasons patients visit the emergency department (ED). Any new onset of chest pain or any change in the pattern, intensity, or duration of pain in patients with preexisting symptoms must be evaluated to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted at the ED of a 250-bed tertiary care center in North India. All patients presenting to the ED with acute chest pain were evaluated using a strictly protocolized approach. The study lasted from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included in the study. Key timelines recorded included the time of patient arrival, time to electrocardiogram (ECG), time to transfer to the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL), and time to catheterization in the CCL.

Results:

A total of 208 patients presenting to the ED with acute chest pain were diagnosed with STEMI. The mean door-to-ECG time was 2.96 min, door-to-CCL time was 35.02 min, and door-to-balloon (DTB) time was 65.36 min. Additionally, 86.1% of patients had a DTB time of <90 min.

Conclusion:

STEMI patients are considered the most vulnerable among those with ACS. Nearly three million STEMI cases occur in India each year. Hospitals providing STEMI care can strengthen protocols to meet recommended timelines and ensure better patient care. Utilizing technology and adapting to local needs can help improve STEMI outcomes and contribute to developing an integrated national policy.
Noise Exposure Promotes Alzheimer’s Disease–Like Lesions and DNA Damage
Authors: Dai Xiao-jie , Liao Jun-hua , Jia Yi , Cao Rui , Zhou Mei-ning
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which noise contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)–like lesions. Method: Male Wistar rats (24 months) were allocated into two groups (n = 6 per groups): a noise group exposed to 98 dB sound pressure–level white noise for 4 hours daily from 8:00 to 12:00 for 30 days, and a control group without noise exposure. The cognitive functions of the rats were assessed using new-object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Then, hippocampal tissues were collected, and the levels of amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ1-42), Aβ1-40, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression was evaluated through Western blot. Results: Noise exposure significantly impaired cognitive and recognition abilities, increased the escape latency, and decreased the number of crossings through the platform quadrant intersection and the time spent in the target quadrant (P < 0.01). The new-object exploration and recognition index of the rats in the noise group markedly decreased (P < 0.01). ELISA results indicated increases in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels and decreases in BDNF and TrkB levels in the rat hippocampus in the noise group (P < 0.01). Western blot analyses revealed that beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1, phosphorylated tau protein, gamma-H2A histone family, member X, checkpoint kinase 2, p53, and p21 were remarkably elevated in the noise group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Chronic noise exposure can cause hippocampal genetic damage in aged rats, leading to cognitive disorders and the development of lesions similar to those observed in AD. Thus, noise is a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders.
Exposure to Noise or Music in Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review on Ethical and Methodological Considerations
Authors: Iliadou Eleftheria , Bitzios Vasileios , Pastiadis Konstantinos , Plack Christopher J. , Bibas Athanasios
Published: September 2024

Background: Use of noise or music in experimental human studies requires balancing the need to avoid subjecting participants to potentially harmful noise levels while still reaching levels that will produce a measurable change in the primary outcome. Several methodological and ethical aspects must be considered. This study aims to summarize ethical and methodological aspects, and reported outcomes, of previously published experimental paradigms using loud noise/music. Methods and materials: Four databases (Medline, Central, Web of Science, and Scopus) and two trials registries (Clinicaltrials.gov and EU Clinical Trials) were searched. Extracted items had the details of author and year of publication, study design and purpose, population, setting timeline and material, selected battery test, and effect of noise/music on participants’ hearing. Results: Thirty-four studies were included. Exposure safety considerations were reported in five studies. Eleven studies assessing hearing loss used white or narrow-band noise [(NBN (0.5–4 kHz), up to 115 dBA, duration range: 3′–24 hours)], and 10 used pop music (up to 106 dBA, duration range: 10′–4 hours). Experimental setting varied significantly. Temporary thresholds shift (TTS) and reduction in distortion product otoacoustic emissions were found at 1–8 kHz, with maximum average TTS∼21.5 dB at 4 kHz after NBN and ∼11.5 dB at 6 kHz after music exposure. All participants recovered their hearing, except for one participant in one study. In the 13 non-hearing loss studies, no hearing testing was performed after exposure, but loud noise was associated with temporary stress, bradygastria, and cardiovascular changes. Noise-induced subjective stress may be higher for participants with tinnitus. Loud noise (100 dBA, 10′) increased diastolic and mean blood pressure only in participants with hypertension. Conclusion: Experimental exposure paradigms can produce temporary changes to hearing without measurable long-term health consequences. Methodological and ethical aspects identified in this review should be considered for the development of future paradigms.
Effect of Comprehensive Noise Reduction Management on the Postoperative Negative Emotion, Stress Response Hormone and Sleep Status of Burn Patients: Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Dai Zhuo , Cheng Xiaojiao , Chen Fang
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of comprehensive noise reduction management on the postoperative recovery of burn patients. Methods: Data of 156 patients admitted to Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University from October 2022 to July 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the management method: group A (n = 76, standard care of burns) and group B (n = 80, standard care of burns+comprehensive noise reduction management). The stress response level, anxiety and depression level, sleep quality and satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the management. Results: Before the management, no statistically significant differences in cortisol (Cor), anxiety and depression scores and sleep quality were found between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the management, significant differences in Cor, anxiety scores, sleep quality and patient satisfaction were observed between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Comprehensive noise reduction management can reduce postoperative stress hormone levels, alleviate negative emotions, such as anxiety, and improve sleep quality and patient satisfaction.