bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the Challenges of Parallel, SRAM Shorts Test Structures with EBIRCH
Authors: Saujauddin Noor Jehan , Smith Lloyd , Newkirk Randy , Davidson Kevin , Johnson Gregory M. , Khan Zaheer , Berman Harvey , Chen Esther P.Y.
Published: December 2020

Massively parallel test structures, based on looking for shorts between certain design elements in the SRAM cells, are becoming increasingly relied upon in yield characterization. The localization of electrical shorts in these structures has posed significant challenges in advanced technology nodes, due to the size, and design complexity. Several of the traditional methods (nanoprobing, OBIRCH, etc.) are shown to be inadequate to find defects in SRAM cells, either due to resolution, or time required. In recent years, the Electron Beam Induced Resistance Change (EBIRCH) technique has increasingly been utilized for failure analysis. Combining EBIRCH with other techniques, such as SEM based nanoprobing system and PVC, allows not only direct electrical characterization of suspicious bridging sites but also allows engineers to pinpoint the exact location of defects with SEM resolution. This paper will demonstrate the several cases where SRAM-like test structures provided extreme challenges, and EBIRCH was the key technique towards finding the fail. A node to node, node to wordline, and ground-ground contact fails are presented. A combination of EBIRCH with the more traditional techniques in advanced technology node is key to timely and accurate determination of shorting mechanisms in our test structures.
Failure Modes, Mechanisms and Analysis Methods for a Microcontroller-Based System on Chip
Authors: Saludares Junald , de Guzman Airene , Bernil John Stephen
Published: December 2020

Different failure modes on a microcontroller-based SoC are presented. Several steps in the analysis needed to find the failure mechanism as well as prove "non-fails" amidst the maze of false positives and false trails, second-order effects, confusion and other challenges due to product complexity and the device's interaction with the embedded firmware (FW) are also discussed. The cases presented in this paper tackle issues that are related to FW, non-volatile memory (NVM), digital logic and analog modules.
Beam-Based Defect Localization using Electrons: EBIRCH Overview
Authors: Johnson Gregory M. , Khan Zaheer , D’Aleo Christopher , Yates Brian , Iwatake Michael , Katnani Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Electron-Beam Induced Resistance CHange (EBIRCH) is a technique that makes use of the electron beam of a scanning electron microscope for defect localization. The beam has an effect on the sample, and the resistance changes resulting from that effect are mapped in the system. This paper explores the beam-based nature of the technique and uses understanding from another beam-based technique, Optical Beam Induced Resistance CHange (OBIRCH), to propose a dominant mechanism. This mechanism may explain the widely different success rates between different types of samples observed after six month’s use of the technique for isolations on large health of line structures in a failure analysis lab.
Automated Diagonal Slice and View Solution for 3D Device Structure Analysis
Authors: Lee Sang Hoon , Blackwood Jeff , Stone Stacey , Schmidt Michael , Williamson Mark , Kwon Woo Jun , Lee Sung Jae
Published: December 2020

The cross-sectional and planar analysis of current generation 3D device structures can be analyzed using a single Focused Ion Beam (FIB) mill. This is achieved using a diagonal milling technique that exposes a multilayer planar surface as well as the cross-section. this provides image data allowing for an efficient method to monitor the fabrication process and find device design errors. This process saves tremendous sample-to-data time, decreasing it from days to hours while still providing precise defect and structure data.
Application of Novel Low Current OBIRCH Amplifier and Nanoprobing to Identify Subtle Leakages in Advanced Node Technologies
Authors: Kodali Satish , Chen Liangshan , Wei Yuting , Schaeffer Tanya , Oh Chong Khiam
Published: December 2020

Optical beam induced resistance change (OBIRCH) is a very well-adapted technique for static fault isolation in the semiconductor industry. Novel low current OBIRCH amplifier is used to facilitate safe test condition requirements for advanced nodes. This paper shows the differences between the earlier and novel generation OBIRCH amplifiers. Ring oscillator high standby leakage samples are analyzed using the novel generation amplifier. High signal to noise ratio at applied low bias and current levels on device under test are shown on various samples. Further, a metric to demonstrate the SNR to device performance is also discussed. OBIRCH analysis is performed on all the three samples for nanoprobing of, and physical characterization on, the leakage. The resulting spots were calibrated and classified. It is noted that the calibration metric can be successfully used for the first time to estimate the relative threshold voltage of individual transistors in advanced process nodes.
High-Resolution Resistance Mapping in SEM
Authors: Moldovan Grigore , Joachimi Wolfgang , Boetsch Guillaume , Jatzkowski Jörg , Altman Frank
Published: December 2020

This work presents advanced resistance mapping techniques based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with nanoprobing systems and the related embedded electronics. Focus is placed on recent advances to reduce noise and increase speed, such as integration of dedicated in situ electronics into the nanoprobing platform, as well as an important transition from current-sensitive to voltagesensitive amplification. We show that it is now possible to record resistance maps with a resistance sensitivity in the 10W range, even when the total resistance of the mapped structures is in the range of 100W. A reference structure is used to illustrate the improved performance, and a lowresistance failure case is presented as an example of analysis made possible by these developments.
Failure Analysis of SRAM DQ Fault Using BIST Pattern
Authors: Kim KeonIl , Lim Yoseop , Oh GhilGeun , Chung ShinYoung , Lee Brandon
Published: December 2020

SRAM failure analysis (FA) provides significant value to process improvement and yield enhancement. This paper introduces an innovative method to analyze the SRAM peripheral, particularly its input/output (DQ) failures, which is not easy to isolate the fault location. In this paper, SRAM Built-In Self-Test (BIST) logic is used to generate the vectors to toggle only DQ of SRAM and an optical fault isolation technique applies to isolate the fault location. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very effective to isolate timing fault and hard defect of SRAM DQ failures.
Case Studies on Application of Electro Optical Probing (EOP) - A Noninvasive Backside Localization Technique in Failure Analysis
Authors: Rajaram Srinath , Kabadi Rajesh , Barbian Eric
Published: December 2020

Given the challenges FA Engineers have in fault localization, top-side analysis is facing a major challenge with today’s advanced packaging and shrinking of die sizes. At wafer and die level it is relatively easy to probe with little or no sample preparation. Greater challenges occur after the die is packaged. The difficulty further lies in non-destructively analyzing the die. Another issue with failure analysis is accurately deprocessing the device for probe pad deposition. Techniques like Electro Optical Probing (EOP) or Laser Voltage Probing (LVP) acquire electrical signals on transistors and create an activity map of the circuitry. In failure analysis, it is applied to localize defects. This paper discusses integrating EOP techniques in traditional FA to localize failure in mixed signal ICs. Three case studies were presented in this paper to establish the technique to be effective, quick and easy to probe non-invasively with minimal backside sample preparation.
Submicron Simultaneous IR and Raman Spectroscopy (IR+Raman): Breakthrough Developments in Optical Photothermal IR (O-PTIR) Combined for Enhanced Failure Analysis
Authors: Anderson Jay , Kansiz Mustafa , Lo Michael , Marcott Curtis
Published: December 2020

Failure analysis of organics at the microscopic scale is an increasingly important requirement, with traditional analytical tools such as FTIR and Raman microscopy, having significant limitations in either spatial resolution or data quality. We introduce here a new method of obtaining Infrared microspectroscopic information, at the submicron level in reflection (far-field) mode, called Optical-Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy, that can also generate simultaneous Raman spectra, from the same spot, at the same time and with the same spatial resolution. This novel combination of these two correlative techniques can be considered to be complimentary and confirmatory, in which the IR confirms the Raman result and vice-versa, to yield more accurate and therefore more confident organic unknowns analysis.
Enhancing Point Defect Isolation by Using Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Martin Douglas J. , Gadlage Matthew J. , Leung Wai-Yat , Titus Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2020

An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a high reliability application is found to have a missing sidewall spacer in a single transistor. Manufacturer burn-in and standard component electrical tests do not capture this defect. The defect manifests after exposure to ionizing radiation. Photon emission microscopy (PEM), laser voltage imaging (LVI), and laserassisted device alteration (LADA) are used to isolate the failure site. At the failure site a focused ion beam (FIB) cross section indicates that a doubly doped drain (DDD) (N+) is likely present where a lightly doped drain (LDD) is designated. This defect leads to a failure mode that is consistent with hot-carrier injection in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. This paper presents the testability from a fault isolation aspect, shmoo plot characterization, and backside optical techniques to identify its spatial location. A discussion of the results includes why ionizing radiation allowed the defect’s capture and potential implications of using ionizing radiation as a viable failure analysis technique.
Application of Nanoprobing on Subtle Defects in the Embedded Non-Volatile Memory Device
Authors: Chen C. Q. , Ng P. T. , Neo S. P. , Tan P. K. , Quah A. C. T. , Zhu J.
Published: December 2020

Non-volatile memory is the most important memory device in IC chips. As a memory, embedded non-volatile memory (NVM) is a fundamental structure in many kinds of semiconductor devices. It is commonly used in the modern electrical appliance as a code or data memory. For different applications, there are different memory designs or IP, like ROM, OTP, Flash, MRAM, PCRAM etc. The physical mechanism of these NVMs are different, some are electron based, some are resistance based and fuse or anti-fused based. The experiment described in this paper is performed on an electron charge storage based NVM. That means a medium is employed to store electron charge to differentiate two statuses “0” and “1”. Floating Poly gate is this medium used as electron charge storage in this NVM. Since the storage medium is in floating condition, it cannot be accessed externally. The methods of performing direct analysis are limited for this kind of device, especially in the case of subtle defects or soft fail. As semiconductor devices scale, the defects become smaller and more subtle. Nanoprobing is usually the only way to find the defect location electrically before any further physical analysis. In this experiment, the single bit NVM fail was analyzed. Different PFA methods used during the analysis, failed to find the defect. Nanoprobing was employed to precisely isolate the defect.

Key word: nanoprobing, NVM, subtle defect, Poly-crystalline, floating gate
Root Cause Analysis of High Input Offset Voltage in Mixed-Signal Design Through Nanoprobing and Cadence Simulation
Authors: Wan Zhenni , Yin Weikai , Zang Yining , Karigerasi Madhukar , Kulkarni Saurabh , Chung Yap Wui , Yu Dian , Wang Naiyi , Wu Qindi
Published: December 2020

Root cause analysis of parametric failures in mixed-signal IC designs has been a challenging topic due to the marginality of failure modes. This work presents two case studies of offset voltage (Vos) failures which are commonly seen in mixed-signal IC designs. Nanoprobing combined with Cadence simulation becomes a powerful methodology in fault isolation. Large Vos is typically caused by the mismatch of electrical properties of the components on two balanced rails. In our first case, we present a case-study of nanoprobing combined with bench test and Cadence simulation to debug the root cause of a class-D amplifier voltage offset related yield loss from mixedsignal design sensitivity. Bench electrical measurements confirm the dependency of offset voltage (Vos) on boost voltage (VBST) and amplifier gain settings, which isolates the root cause from mismatch in amplifier gain resistors. The bench measurements match extremely well when an extra parasitic resistance is added to the input of the amplifier in the Cadence simulation. Kelvin 4 points nanoprobing on the amplifier input matching resistors confirmed a 40% mismatch as a result of both layout sensitivity and fabrication. This case highlights that the role of nanoprobing combined with Cadence simulation is not only valuable in physical failure root cause analysis but also in providing guidance to a potential process fix for current and future designs. In our second case, a decrease in offset voltage (Vos) is found through bench validation by reducing the supply voltage (VDD), suggesting a new mismatch mechanism related to the body-source bias. Nanoprobing of the input PMOS transistors clearly shows humps in the subthreshold region of IV characteristics, and the severity of humps increases with body-source bias. Vos derived from the nanoprobing results aligns well with the bench data, suggesting hump effect to be the root cause of Vos deviation. This study suggests that by combining Cadence simulation and nanoprobing in the failure analysis process of parametric failures, suspicious problematic devices can be identified more easily, greatly reducing the need for trial and error.
Nickel Flakes: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Turner Ken , Polito Kevin
Published: December 2020

Pure nickel lidded TO style packages are a common packaging type for active microelectronics with application in various fields including commercial, aerospace and defense. This paper will focus on the history of nickel flakes in the industry, current trends and failure analysis findings, and future considerations for this potential failure mechanism.

In 2004 Hi-Rel Laboratories became involved in an important nickel flake study which led to further inspections to document and evaluate nickel flakes in TO style lids from various customers and manufacturers. Through 2015 these inspections also assisted manufacturers to evaluate the effectiveness of their lid preparation and various cleaning methods for this package style, resulting in a substantial reduction in total number of nickel flakes greater than the specified critical dimension.

In 2019 investigations were rekindled after the discovery of a suspected nickel flake-induced failure in transistors from a manufacturer not involved in prior analyses. As part of the investigation, which included nickel flake inspection of 38 total transistors from 1992, 2010, 2011 and 2017 lot date codes, the components were subjected to various environmental conditions including vibration, mechanical shock, mild thermal cycling, ionized airflow and degaussing. It was discovered that degaussing alone greatly affected the adhesion of the nickel flakes to the internal surfaces, causing the majority of the flakes to break free. The methodology, findings and implications of this analysis will be discussed.
Targeted Silicon Ultra-Thinning by Contour Milling for Advanced Fault Isolation
Authors: Teo W. S. , Wei M.S. , Narang V. , Gan C. L. , Richardson C. , Liechty G.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present methods for targeted silicon thinning by contour milling to overcome challenges associated with thinning large devices to under 5 µm remaining silicon thickness. Implementation of these techniques are expected to improve the yield of ultra-thin sample preparation and thermal stability of the device through electrical failure analysis for subsequent physical failure analysis. Using a computer numerical controlled milling system, the natural device bow is exploited to thin a specified area of interest by stage tilting before 2D milling. To target a larger area of interests, contour maps are rigged to thin an area preferentially while remaining compatible with existing workflows. Electrical testing have found improved thermal stability of the locally thinned samples over globally thinned samples.
X-Ray Computed Tomography: A Potentially Destructive “Non-Destructive Evaluation” Technique
Authors: Ross Ryan , Garteiz Gil , Zajac Stephanie
Published: December 2020

Characterization of Computed Tomography X-Ray ionizing dose will be presented along with a methodology to protect space bound flight hardware from exceeding total ionizing dose (TID) budget prior to mission completion.
Середньовічний європейський денарій зі слов’янськими (?) рунами
Authors: Kuleshov Sergei
Published: December 2020

У повідомленні розглянуто срібний західноєвропейський денарій з незвичними знаками на реверсі. На думку автора, ці знаки є рунами балтійських слов’ян. Зроблено припущення, що монета карбована ободритами в ХІ або ХІІ столітті. У повідомленні розглянуто срібний західноєвропейський денарій з незвичними знаками на реверсі. Камені з деякими аналогічними рунами на нашій монеті були знайдені в німецькій землі Мекленбург, яку з ранніх середніх віків населяло слов’янське плем’я ободритів (бодричів). Щодо ободритів, то, як зазначає у своїй монографії, присвяченій цьому племені, німецький вчений А. Пауль, знайдені під час археологічних розкопок в ободритській фортеці Добінмонети ХІ-ХІІ століть були місцевими наслідуваннями саксонських, данських, візантійських і арабських монет. Можна припустити, що наш денарій, виходячи з напису на реверсі, також було карбовано ободритами.
Po raz kolejny o «Skarbie»z czernijowa. «skarb pielgrzyma do ziemi świętej». Czy tylko fantazja?
Authors: Mariusz Mielczarek
Published: December 2020

W literaturze numizmatycznej i archeologicznej powtarzana jest informacja, że w 1876 lub 1878 roku w „Czernijowie koło Stanisławowa” (obecnie Ivano-Frankovsk) miejscowy kapłan rozkopując okoliczne kurhany, znalazł „garnek z monetami”. W „dużym garnku” miały być monety „rzymskie, palestyńskie, arabskie i bizantyńskie”. Spośród nich Aleksander Czołowski (1865-1944) uratować miał 45 sztuk. Wśród 45 monet uratowanych przez dr. Czołowskiego miały być monety (zachowano pisownię jednej z pierwszych publikacji): „Aleksandra Janneusa (105-79), Heroda Agryppy (48-99), Augusta, Julii Augusty, Tyberyusza (14-37), Nerona (54-68), kolonii Askalonu, Antyocha II, kolonii Nicei, Konstantyna W., Walentynian, tudzież żydowskie, bizantyńskie i arabskie” Zespół z Czernijowa jest podobny do „skarbów” z Kniaziej Krynicy i ”z Galicji” traktowane są jako pewnego rodzaju ślad po kolekcjach numizmatycznych, zapewne stworzonych niedaleko od miejsca znalezienia „skarbów” Kluczem do oceny „skarbu pielgrzyma”, jest osoba Aleksandra Czołowskiego, postaci bez wątpienia niezwykle zasłużonej dla ratowania zabytków przeszłości. Przyjmując, że 45 monet kupionych przez A. Czołowskiego oddaje strukturę całego zespołu, który musiał być zdecydowanie większy, to bez wątpienia mógł on zostać zebrany na Bliskim Wschodzie. Wskazanie na Ziemię Świętą jest z pewnością prawidłowe, chociaż dopuścić można również pochodzenie monet z południowej Syrii. Jeśli zaś odnieść się do atrakcyjnego stwierdzenia, ze mamy do czynienia ze „skarbem pielgrzyma” warto zwrócić, że pierwsza wiadomość o monetach zebranych w Ziemi Świętej i wiezionych do Polski, to opis napadu na Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Sierotkę” (1549-1616). W drugiej połowie tego stulecia pojawili się w Syrii i Ziemi Świętej polscy podróżnicy, którzy przybyli w te strony w celach naukowych.. W trakcie takich wypraw bez problemu można było zebrać zespół monet, które miały zostać znalezione w Czernijowie.
Фальшиві монети Сигізмунда ІІІ Вази з Хмельниччини
Authors: Bakalets O.
Published: December 2020

На основі дослідження і аналізу скарбів монет кінця ХVІІ –початку ХVІІ ст., виявлених на території Південно-Західної Хмельниччини у 2010–2016 рр., у статті описані фальшиві соліди та гроші Сигізмунда ІІІ Вази (1587–1632). Здійснено спробу визначити можливі центри карбування фальшивих монет на Поділлі в досліджуваний період. З нумізматичної літератури та скарбового матеріалу нам відомо про фальшиві соліди, гроші, півтораки Речі Посполитої Сигізмунда ІІІ Вази (1587–1632), які трапляються у складі монетних скарбів і поодиноких знахідок на території Центральної та Східної Європи. Але окремі публікації про скарби на території Хмельниччини, у яких присутні ці фальшиві номінали, майже відсутні. Лише комплексне вивчення скарбових матеріалів дозволяє дослідникам дати об`єктивну оцінку ролі і обсягів фальшивої монети в загальній масі обігових грошей тієї чи іншої держави або конкретного регіону. Наявність фальшивих ризьких солідів, грошів Сигізмунда ІІІ в скарбах колишнього Подільського воєводства Речі Посполитої кінця ХVІ – початку ХVІІ ст., свідчать про їх популярність серед місцевого населення, а також про існування на Західному Поділлі центрів карбування цих підробок. На нашу думку, це могли бути міста Сатанів і Кам`янець-Подільський.
Portrait
Authors: Asad Talal , Boyarin Jonathan ,   Fadil Nadia, Agrama Hussein Ali , Schaefer Donovan O. , Abeysekara Ananda
Published: December 2020

Autobiographical Reflections on Anthropology and Religion, Talal Asad

For Talal, Jonathan Boyarin

On Anthropology as Translation, Nadia Fadil

Friendship and Time in the Work of Talal Asad, Hussein Ali Agrama

Talal Asad’s Challenge to Religious Studies, Donovan O. Schaefer

Finding Talal Asad in and beyond Buddhist Studies: Agency and Race in Modern Pasts, Ananda Abeysekara
Introduction
Authors: Kasmani Omar , Selim Nasima , Dilger Hansjörg , Mattes Dominik
Published: December 2020

Imagine a divided mountain-scape. A line of ceasefire. Fog. Imagine coming to a clearing. In a mist-covered, militarized order of here and t/here, affection makes way where vision or bodies cannot. Mothers call out to daughters; sons identify their mothers’ voices in two-way traffics of sound. So long as the vocal exchange lasts, somewhere along the disputed territory of the Golan Heights, an Elsewhere opens.
Integration of Mobile Network and Navigation Topologies for Mobile Object Management
Authors: Yakushenko S. , Dvornikov S.
Published: December 2020

An approach is developed for sharing the resource of the mobile object communication system and the local radio navigation system based on the integration of their topologies according to the criterion of electromagnetic availability of mobile stations simultaneously to several base stations of the network. This approach can be used in the design of navigation and communication systems and navigation equipment of the consumer.
Cognitive Modeling of Destructive Malicious Impacts on Critical Information Infrastructure Objects
Authors: Maximova E.
Published: December 2020

The security of a subject of critical information infrastructure (CII) is one of the key issues of its life support. The current approach (legal and regulatory) regulates solutions of this issue without taking into account the influence of the violator, which can have a destructive effect on the SCII. This, in our opinion, leads to significant errors in the analysis of the information security of the CII, therefore, reduces the effectiveness of the information protection means declared information security tools for CII objects. The purpose of this work is to develop a model of an information security (IS) intruder, presented in a formalized form using the "violator’s potential" parameter in the space of their implementation of destructive effects on the objects of the CII. The proposed model for assessing the capabilities of the offender to implement destructive influences on the CII subject as a set of objects is implemented in the developed cognitive map "Assessment of the IB of the CII Subject" for dynamic changes in the parameters of the "Malicious actions on the CII object" vertex.
Narrative Immersion dalam Visual Novel STEINS;GATE, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc, dan Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney
Authors: Putri Miranny Dewi Novia , Grahita Banung
Published: December 2020

Sebagai subgenre atas genre Adventure yang berhasil menguasai 26% pasar industri game di Indonesia pada tahun 2018, visual novel menghadirkan pengalaman bermain yang berfokus terhadap aspek naratif dalam permainan, yang mana melalui penciptaan keingintahuan, pemahaman, dan empati atas serangkaian peristiwa dalam penceritaan memunculkan pengalaman bermain imersif, yang dikenal dengan narrative immersion. Melalui elemen-elemen audiovisual yang dimiliki subgenre tersebut, pemain secara emosional terlibat dalam permainan serta terabsorpsi ke dalam dunia fiksi yang dihadirkan didalamnya, mengesampingkan realitas sebenarnya. Keberhasilan visual novel STEINS;GATE, Danganronpa: Trigger Happy Havoc, dan Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney dalam meraih resepsi sebesar 97% pada Steam dan kesuksesan dalam menjual lebih dari 900 ribu kopi menunjukkan bahwa ketiga visual novel tersebut sukses meraih antusiasme serta apresiasi dari kalangan penggemar visual novel games. Untuk mengetahui visual novel mana diantara ketiganya yang paling imersif, digunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuisioner Player Immersion in Computer Game Narrative (PICGN) sebagai alat ukur penelitian kuantitatif terhadap ketiga visual novel, yang mana diujikan kepada 30 responden yang merupakan penggemar visual novel games.
RANCANGAN ALUR PERGERAKAN DALAM VIDEO ANIMASI 3D UNTUK MEDIA VIRTUAL REALITY PROSEDUR VAKSINASI
Authors: Jasper Rianis , Widiastomo Yohanes Merci
Published: December 2020

Animasi yang dihadirkan menggunakan virtual reality penting untuk dapat menjaga fokus penonton. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kebebasan penonton untuk mengarahkan pandangannya sesuai keinginan. Penulis bertujuan untuk merancang alur pergerakan dalam video animasi 3D tentang prosedur vaksinasi. Jadi, penonton (anak-anak) akan terus fokus pada video tersebut. Pembahasan gerakan meliputi keterkaitan konsep personal space dengan alur pergerakan dari karakter. Dalam proses mendesain gerakan, penulis mengamati referensi film animasi sejenis, melakukan eksperimen dan studi literatur tentang prinsip-prinsip animasi dan alur pergerakan.
Politische Rationalität – zur Logik politischen Entscheidens
Authors: Sturm Roland
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht die innere Logik politischen Entscheidens und versucht deren Einbettung in die Alltagspolitik zu erklären. An konkreten Beispielen wird erörtert wie und warum die Rationalität politischen Entscheidens sich von der Alltagswahrnehmung von Politik unterscheidet, und wie sich politische Rationalität als Deformation des Politischen abbildet.
Non-operative orthobiologic use for rotator cuff disorders and glenohumeral osteoarthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Robinson David M. , Eng Christine , Makovitch Steven , Rothenberg Joshua B. , DeLuca Stephanie , Douglas Stephanie , Civitarese David , Borg-Stein Joanne
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain from rotator cuff pathology and glenohumeral osteoarthritis is a common entity encountered in musculoskeletal practices. Orthobiologic agents are being increasingly used as a treatment option and understanding their safety and efficacy is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the available evidence for orthobiologic use in rotator cuff and glenohumeral pathology. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies evaluating non-operative treatment with prolotherapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) for rotator cuff pathology and glenohumeral osteoarthritis were included. Bias risk assessments used were the Cochrane tool and Newcastle-Ottawa score. RESULTS: The search yielded 852 potential articles, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria with a breakdown of 5 prolotherapy, 13 PRP, and 2 MSC. Sixteen studies were RCTs and 4 were cohort studies. Six studies were deemed “low risk of bias or good quality”. Efficacy results were mixed, and no serious adverse events were reported from orthobiologic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Orthobiologics offer a relatively safe management option with inconclusive evidence for or against its use for rotator cuff pathology. No studies on glenohumeral osteoarthritis met the inclusion criteria. Adoption of standardized preparation reporting and consistent use of functional outcome measures is imperative for future studies to consider.
Plant leaf recognition with shallow and deep learning: A comprehensive study
Authors: Suto Jozsef
Published: December 2020

Nowadays there are hundreds of thousands known plant species on the Earth and many are still unknown yet. The process of plant classification can be performed using different ways but the most popular approach is based on plant leaf characteristics. Most types of plants have unique leaf characteristics such as shape, color, and texture. Since machine learning and vision considerably developed in the past decade, automatic plant species (or leaf) recognition has become possible. Recently, the automated leaf classification is a standalone research area inside machine learning and several shallow and deep methods were proposed to recognize leaf types. From 2007 to present days several research papers have been published in this topic. In older studies the classifier was a shallow method while in current works many researchers applied deep networks for classification. During the overview of plant leaf classification literature, we found an interesting deficiency (lack of hyper-parameter search) and a key difference between studies (different test sets). This work gives an overall review about the efficiency of shallow and deep methods under different test conditions. It can be a basis to further research.
Sentiment analysis via dually-born-again network and sample selection
Authors: Zhao Pinlong , Han Zefeng , Yin Qing , Li Shuxiao , Wu Ou
Published: December 2020

Text sentiment analysis is an important natural language processing (NLP) task and has received considerable attention in recent years. Numerous deep-learning based methods have been proposed in previous literature in terms of new deep neural networks (DNN) including new embedding strategies, new attention mechanisms, and new encoding layers. In this study, an alternative technical path is investigated to further improve the state-of-the-art performance of text sentiment analysis. An new effective learning framework is proposed that combines knowledge distillation and sample selection. A dually-born-again network (DBAN) is presented in which the teacher network and the student network are simultaneously trained through an iterative approach. A selection gate is defined to deal with training samples which are useless or even harmful for model training. Moreover, both the DBAN and sample selection are further improved by ensemble. The proposed framework can improve the existing state-of-the-art DNN models in sentiment analysis. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework enhances the performances of existing networks. In addition, DBAN outperforms existing born-again network.
Construction of first-class university course based on artificial intelligence and neural network algorithm
Authors: Duan Yingli
Published: December 2020

Curriculum is the basis of vocational training, its development level and teaching efficiency determine the realization of vocational training objectives, as well as the quality and level of major vocational academic training. Therefore, the development of curriculum is an important issue. And affect the school’s teaching capacity building. The analysis of the latest developments in the main courses shows that there are some deviations or irrationalities in the curriculum in some colleges and universities, and the general problems of understanding the latest courses, such as lack of solid foundation in curriculum setting, unclear direction of objectives, unclear reform ideas, inadequate and systematic construction measures, lack of attention to the quality of education. This paper explains the rules for the establishment of first-level courses, clarifies the ideas and priorities of architecture, and explores strategies for building university-level courses using knowledge of artificial intelligence and neural network algorithms in order to gain experience from them.
Research on data mining system based on artificial intelligence and improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Ruifeng Shi
Published: December 2020

Due to the explosive increase of data scale, the traditional database management technology can no longer satisfy and analyze these data. Data acquisition technology is a tool that can process data effectively. The research of data acquisition has produced many new concepts and methods, which enrich and improve the data acquisition technology and establish the theoretical system. The relevant extraction criteria are an important branch of data extraction and one of the most important research fields. The use of genetic algorithms to mine related standards has been widely used, but traditional genetic algorithms are easy to be used. Therefore, under the best conditions, the application of better genetic algorithm to mine the relevant standards is a key problem to be dealt with in this paper.
Simulation of classroom student behavior recognition based on PSO-kNN algorithm and emotional image processing
Authors: Wu Shilong
Published: December 2020

Students’ classroom behavior recognition and emotion recognition effects directly determine the degree of teachers’ control of the classroom teaching process. At present, teachers and students belong to two groups in traditional teaching, and teachers cannot effectively mobilize students’ learning emotions. In order to improve the teaching effect, this paper combines the PSO algorithm and the KNN algorithm to obtain the PSO-KNN joint algorithm, and combines with the emotional image processing algorithm to construct an artificial intelligence-based classroom student behavior recognition model. Moreover, based on the image processing technology, this paper uses key frame detection for feature recognition, and this paper improves the recognition process based on the inter-frame similarity measurement algorithm and initial cluster center selection in the key frame extraction method of clustering. In addition, this paper analyzes the effect of the model constructed on the behavior recognition and emotion recognition of students. The research results show that the joint algorithm constructed in this paper has a high accuracy rate for students’ emotion recognition and behavior recognition, and can meet the actual teaching needs.
An IoT based rail track condition monitoring and derailment prevention system
Authors: Chellaswamy C. , Geetha T.S. , Vanathi A. , Venkatachalam K.
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a new method for monitoring the irregularities in railway tracks by updating the status of the tracks in the cloud. The IoT based Railway Track Monitoring System (IoT-RMS) is proposed for monitoring the health of the railway track. The system identifies any abnormality in the tracks at an early stage. These abnormalities are rectified before they develop for smoother transportation. The micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers are placed in the axle box for measuring the signal. It becomes hard to identify the exact location of abnormalities when the global positioning system (GPS) falters due to signalling issues. In this paper, a new hybrid method is proposed for locating irregularities on a track; even in the absence of a GPS signal. Pre-processing of the GPS signal is carried out effectively because the sensors used in IoT-RMS are capable of functioning in a high noise environment. The IoT-RMS updates the location of the abnormality in the cloud and shares it with other trains that will be passing through that location. As a result, the drivers of trains respond accordingly and avoid derailment. An experimental setup has been developed for a study of the performances for four different abnormal cases, and the result shows the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Assessment of the current environmental status in the Phu Quy district, Binh Thuan province using sustainable development indicators
Authors: Viet Hai Pham , Dinh Hoang Long Nguyen , Thi Diem Thuy Nguyen , Hoang Anh Le , Nguyen Khoi Dao
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to develop a set of sustainable development indicators on environmental aspects and apply them to assess the level of environmental sustainability in Phu Quy district, Binh Thuan province. The set of sustainable development indicators was built based on the screening of indicators from some previous studies, as well as developing new indicators to match the research area. The indicators were then be grouped into topics based on the United Nations' 17 sustainable development goals to 2030. In terms of environment, the set of sustainable development indicators includeed 6 topics (main components), 19 indicators (sub-components), of which 6 new indicators were researched and developed for the island and sea area. The result showed that the level of environmental sustainability of the Phu Quy district was good (0.846). In addition, the results showed that the local environmental aspects attained levels of sustainability. Accordingly, main components including clean water - sanitation (MT1), habitat (MT3), natural disaster prevention (MT4) and ocean conservation - sustainable use (MT5) reached the good level of sustainability and tend to keep stable. While sustainable energy (MT2) and forest protection and development (MT6) are quite sustainable. However, the MT6 component tended to decrease that indicated the forest degradation and the impacts on environmental sustainability in Phu Quy district in the future.
Environmentally Friendly Based Educative Game Development Training For Teachers Early Childhood Education Programs
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Sarmi Ni Nyoman
Published: December 2020

This community service aims at developing Educative Game Tools (EGT) based environmentally friendly. This activity is motivated by the fact that many PAUD (Early Childhood Education) teachers are not PGPAUD graduates and even high school graduates. There is still a lack of understanding and skills of early childhood teachers in designing and making educational teaching aids environmentally friendly. Besides that, their motivation to design their own Educational Game Tools is still low. Based on the above problems, the solution offered is to provide training for PAUD teachers in Wonokromo village to understand, design, and create their own innovative and Educative Game Tools (EGT) based environmentally friendly. The program target is for PAUD teachers to know, understand the importance of EGT in PAUD learning and design creative and innovative EGT. The concept of  EGT is oriented towards safe for children, environmentally friendly, and source of used materials that are quickly processed from the surrounding environment. As a result, all participants gained knowledge and skills in designing EGT to improve quality and professionalism as Early Childhood Education teachers.
Negative Polarity Items, DPs and Phase Sliding
Authors: ÖZGEN Murat
Published: December 2020

A negative polarity item (henceforth, NPI) needs a licensor and it may be an overt negation, question force, or a conditional clause (Benmamoun, 1997; Kelepir, 2001; Kumar, 2006; Kural, 1997; Laka, 2013; Mahajan, 1990; Vasishth, 1999). Studies on NPI literature abound and various studies have suggested various licensing conditions of NPIs. However, literature on the licensing conditions of NPIs can be grouped under two major titles. One of them is clausemateness (Choe, 1988; Kelepir, 2001; Muraki, 1978), which basically requires that NPIs and negation be in the same clausal domain. On the other side of the coin stands a more recent account, i.e. phasemateness (Kayabaşı & Özgen 2018; Yamashita, 2003), which states that NPIs must be spelt out within the same domain in which negation exists. Given the two accounts, only phasemateness can predict the behaviors of NPIs in full finite CPs, whereas none of those accounts can predict the grammaticality of nominal DP domains in Turkish with a negative licensor outside of the spell-out domain of the same DP. I attempted to discuss this problem at length, and show that the structural hierarchy within Turkish DPs is somewhat tricky. I will follow Gallego (2010) and Chomsky (2001) and assume that there is phase sliding within DPs, thus NPIs are also licensed within the same domain on the grounds of weak phase impenetrability condition ‘PIC’ (a.k.a. PIC2). The system I will propose here is also borne out by other independent factors such as binding and embedding in Turkish.
Responsabilità internazionale dello Stato e dei diritti umani: il caso della legge Maria da Penha in Brasile
Authors: Macêdo Karen Vanderlei
Published: December 2020

L’obiettivo centrale di questo articolo è analizzare la responsabilità internazionale dello Stato brasiliano in caso di violenza contro le donne, in particolare, al caso diventato emblematico in Brasile e al di fuori di esso, che è stato il coinvolgimento della violenza contro Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes praticata, oggi, dal suo ex marito. Il riferimento è al caso 12.051 (Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes contro Brasile), aperto il 20 agosto 1998 dalla Commissione interamericana per i diritti umani dell’Organizzazione degli Stati americani (OSA). Dall’intersezione tra la violenza domestica commessa contro Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes e l’Istituto di responsabilità internazionale, è stato verificato come l’applicazione di un istituto internazionale, attraverso la Commissione interamericana per i diritti umani dell’Organizzazione degli Stati americani (IACHR-OAS) abbia influenzato la creazione di una legislazione che garantisca i diritti delle donne nello Stato brasiliano.
¿Existen sinergias entre la política fiscal y la Agenda 2030? Un análisis para la Unión Europea con datos macro
Authors: Plaza Iniesta Rocio , Sánchez Fuentes Antonio Jesús
Published: December 2020

MACRO

La Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, aprobada en 2015 por la ONU, constituye un ejemplo exitoso sobre cómo un consenso político internacional respecto a logros deseables en el medio/largo plazo (herederos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio) se puede concretar en unos objetivos concretos y cuantificables. En concreto, se fijan 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS, en adelante) que incluyen asuntos tan relevantes como la sostenibilidad ambiental, la reducción de la pobreza y las desigualdades o una mayor eficiencia energética y productiva. Este trabajo aspira a estudiar la contribución de la fiscalidad de la Unión Europea a la consecución de dichos objetivos en el periodo 2005-2017.
Authors: Khasanah Nurun Ayati , Wari Fitria Edni , Adiesti Ferilia , Sulistyawati Wiwit
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Perineal massage is an effective approach to promote labor with an intact perineum. During pregnancy, mothers are advised to perform perineal massage so that the integrity of the perineum is maintained, so that the labor process does not caused perineal rupture. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, motivation and perineal massage of third trimester pregnant women. METHODOLOGY: The design of this study was analytic with a cross sectional design. Respondents of this study were 27 third trimester pregnant women with purposive sampling method conducted in March - May 2020. RESULTS: The results of statistical tests using the Fisher's Exact Test to analyze knowledge of perineal massage obtained a value (α = 0.009) which indicates that trimester pregnant women III who is well-informed performs perineal massage, while the results of the motivation test using the Fisher's Exact Test score (α = 0.019) that with positive motivation third trimester pregnant women perform perineal massage. DISCUSSION: Midwive as a health worker need to improve the services for pregnant women with health education about perineal massage.

 

Keywords: knowledge, motivation, pregnant women, perineal massage
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Agustin Lia
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Stunting is a failure of growth in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition so the child is too short at his age. Stunting can decrease the quality of human resources because the organs of the body, especially the brain, are not able to develop optimally. Knowledge and information about stunting is needed to support the nutrition of toddlers. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether the level of maternal education and the provision of information about stunting is related to stunting events. Methodology: This type of research is observational analytics with a case control approach. The study population is all toddlers aged 24-59 months in Bangkok Village Gurah District Kediri Regency in August 2020. With Purposive Sampling technique obtained 25 toddlers stunting as a case group and 25 toddlers not stunting as a control group. Dependent variables are stunting events, whereas independent variables are the level of maternal education and the provision of information about stunting. Stunting measurement based on TB/U (Z-score). Measurement of maternal education and stunting information with questionnaires and interviews.Data analyzed with Chi Square and Fisher Exact's Test Results: Statistically the level of maternal education is not related to stunting events (p=0.52) and the provision of information about stunting related to stunting events p=0.005 (OR=5.46; CI 95% 1.63 to 18.36). Discussion: The toddler's mother who received no information about stunting has a 5 times chance of her toddler experiencing stunting.

Keywords:stunting, maternal education level, stunting information