bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Usage vs Codified Standard: Problems with the Codification of Anglicisms in the Contemporary Russian Language
Authors: Romanik Anna
Published: April 2023

Common Usage vs Codified Standard: Problems with the Codification of Anglicisms in the Contemporary Russian Language
This article focuses on the important problem of codification of the most recent borrowings of British and American English origins in the contemporary Russian language. Standardization of loanwords is a current issue of vital importance, as it has a global reach, which means that it affects not only the Russian language but many other national languages that are under the influence of the English language – the contemporary lingua franca. The codification of the lexis of foreign origin is examined based on material obtained from contemporary lifestyle maga­zines published in Russian. This type of press disseminates borrowed neologisms particularly intensively and, at the same time, creates the language use of the given discourse. The excerpted vocabulary items have been confronted with the lexis of the most recent Russian spelling dictionaries. The deliberations contained in this paper show a fragment of linguistic reality changing under the influence of ubiq­uitous English language, where common usage competes with the linguistic norm. The article shows the difficulties caused by lexical transfer of loanwords faced by specialists in prescriptive linguistics (e.g. a common problem of orthographic variation).
 
Norma uzualna vs norma skodyfikowana. O problemach kodyfikacji anglicyzmów we współczesnym języku rosyjskim
Niniejszy artykuł zwraca uwagę na istotny problem kodyfikacji najnowszych zapożyczeń anglo-amerykańskiej proweniencji we współczesnej ruszczyźnie. Temat standaryzacji zapożyczeń jest aktualny i niezwykle ważny, bowiem ma on zasięg globalny, zatem dotyczy nie tylko języka rosyjskiego, lecz wielu innych języków narodowych, które znajdują się pod wpływem angielszczyzny – współ­czesnej lingua franca. Badanie kodyfikacji leksyki obcego pochodzenia oparto na materiale zaczerpniętym z najnowszych rosyjskojęzycznych czasopism kolorowych typu life style. Ten rodzaj prasy szczególnie ochoczo rozpowszechnia zapoży­czone neologizmy, jednocześnie kreuje uzus danego dyskursu. Wyekscerpowany materiał porównano z leksyką zawartą w najnowszych słownikach ortograficznych języka rosyjskiego. Niniejsze rozważania dają obraz fragmentu rzeczywistości językowej zmieniającej się pod wpływem wszechobecnej angielszczyzny, w której uzus konkuruje z normą językową. Ponadto wskazano tu szereg problemów wywoływanych zapożyczeniami leksykalnymi, z którymi zmagają się specjaliści z obszaru językoznawstwa normatywnego (np. powszechny problem wariantywności ortograficznej zapożyczeń).
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Wiesławie Borysiu (1939–2021)
Authors: Jakubowicz Mariola
Published: April 2023

In Memoriam: Professor Wiesław Boryś (1939–2021)
This article is an obituary of Professor Wiesław Boryś, who died on 29 November 2021. He was a full professor and he worked at the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences for many years.
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Wiesławie Borysiu (1939–2021)
Nekrolog jest osobistym wspomnieniem autorki o Profesorze WiesławieBorysiu zmarłym 29 listopada 2021 roku – profesorze zwyczajnym, wieloletnim pracowniku Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
Multispectral Satellite Imagery Products for Fire Weather Applications
Authors: Seaman Curtis J. , Line William , Ziel Robert , Jenkins Jennifer , Dierking Carl , Hanson Greg
Published: April 2023

Two multispectral satellite imagery products are presented that were developed for use within the fire management community. These products, which take the form of false color red–green–blue composites, were designed to aid fire detection and characterization, and for assessment of the environment surrounding a fire. The first, named the Fire Temperature RGB, uses spectral channels near 1.6, 2.2, and 3.9 μm for fire detection and rapid assessment of the range of fire intensity through intuitive coloration. The second, named the Day Fire RGB, uses spectral channels near 0.64, 0.86, and 3.9 μm for rapid scene assessment. The 0.64 μm channel provides information on smoke, the 0.86 μm channel provides information on vegetation health and burn scars, and the 3.9 μm channel provides active fire detections. Examples of these red–green–blue composite images developed from observations collected by three operational satellite imagers (VIIRS on the polar-orbiting platform and the Advanced Baseline Imager and Advanced Himawari Imager on the geostationary platform) demonstrate that both red–green–blue composites are useful for fire detection and contain valuable information that is not present within operational fire detection algorithms. In particular, it is shown that Fire Temperature RGB and Day Fire RGB images from VIIRS have similar utility for fire detection as the operational VIIRS Active Fire products, with the added benefit that the imagery provides context for more than just the fires themselves.

Significance Statement

The current generation of operational polar-orbiting weather satellites that began with the launch of Suomi NPP offers new capabilities with regard to fire detection and monitoring. In particular, false color red–green–blue composite imagery is now being used by fire managers, incident meteorologists, and others in the fire management community to visualize a fire’s behavior and the context in which it occurs. This paper outlines two of these red–green–blue composites that have gained widespread use throughout the U.S. National Weather Service and the Alaska Fire Service. These red–green–blue composites have been applied to the current generation of geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites to great effect and have changed how incident management teams respond to wildland fires.
Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio Is Associated With High Thrombus Burden in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Algül Engin , Özbeyaz Nail Burak , Şahan Haluk Furkan , Aydınyılmaz Faruk , Sunman Hamza , Tulmaç Murat
Published: April 2023

The blood glucose level at admission indicates (with some limitations) poor prognosis and thrombus burden in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our study aimed to measure the predictive value of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), an indicator of stress hyperglycemia, showing increased thrombus burden in patients with ACS. Patients (n = 1222) with ACS were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Coronary thrombus burden was classified as high and low. SHR was calculated by dividing the admission serum glucose by the estimated average glucose derived from HbA1c. Low thrombus burden was detected in 771 patients, while high thrombus burden (HTB) was detected in 451 patients. SHR was found to be significantly higher in patients with HTB (1.1 ± .3 vs 1.06 ± .4; P = .002). SHR was determined as a predictor of HTB (odds ratio (OR) 1.547 95% CI (1.139–2.100), P < .001) as a result of univariate analysis. According to multivariate analysis, SHR was determined as an independent risk factor for HTB (OR 1.328 CI (1.082–1.752), P = .001). We found that SHR predicted thrombus burden with higher sensitivity than admission glucose level in patients with ACS.
Preventing online radicalization and extremism in boys: A conversation with Pasha Dashtgard
Authors: Vail Kathleen
Published: April 2023

Online extremism is on the rise, with boys and young men being targeted by misogynistic social media influencers like Andrew Tate. When boys repeat comments they’ve heard online in the classroom, educators can play a role in preventing students from being further influenced by online extremism. Pasha Dashtgard, the director of research at American University’s Polarization & Extremism Research & Innovation Lab (PERIL), talks to Phi Delta Kappan about the importance of prevention, the harms of toxic masculinity, and the crucial role of teachers and other educators.
Public education is the great perpetuator
Authors: Lancaster Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Despite being regarded as the great equalizer, public education’s close ties with the market economy have made it the great perpetuator. High school teacher Jonathan Lancaster writes that public education has become a structure in which students become career ready, as opposed to world ready. Therefore, educators should shift the narrative away from the how of education, and more toward the why of education.
Correlative Factors for Types of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies Encountered in Children
Authors: Su Shuping , Zhang Hengci , Xiao Ling , Yao Hongbing , Ding Ling
Published: April 2023

Objective

To characterize the correlative factors for types of tracheobronchial foreign bodies (TFBs) encountered in children.

Methods

All included patients diagnosed with TFB underwent rigid bronchoscopy as the first surgery in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The data of 1026 patients aged 0–18 years were retrospectively collected between February 2019 and January 2022.

Results

About 94.44% of the children with TFB had organic FBs, among which, peanuts were the most common FBs, followed by melon seeds and walnuts. The most common inorganic FBs included pen points or caps, plastic toys, and plastic papers. As compared to the children with organic FBs, those with inorganic FBs consisted of a higher proportion of children aged ≥3 years old, a time before surgery of >7 days, dyspnea, FBs size of >10 mm, longer operation time, more than two operation procedures, and atelectasis. On the other hand, the proportion of children with aspiration history, cough, and obstructive emphysema in the inorganic FB group was lower as compared to the organic FBs ( P< .05).

Conclusions

The related factors related to the patient’s characteristics, symptoms, operation situations, and preoperative complications can be predicted based on the identification of FB type.
Closing the Revolving Door: What if Board Political Connections Are Permanently Broken?
Authors: Fu Jyun-Ying , Sun Pei
Published: April 2023

Politically connected firms critically rely on their sociopolitical capital to compete; however, a policy-induced loss of board political connections may pose a serious challenge for focal firms and prompt them to develop compensatory moves. Drawing upon resource dependence theory and the nonmarket strategy literature, we examine if and how focal firms may address this challenge through intensifying their bribery activities. Following a year 2013 policy shock that closed the revolving door between former government officials and connected firms in China, we identify a substantial increase of bribery expenditure in a sample of public corporations whose political independent directors were forced by the central government to resign in the subsequent years. Furthermore, we investigate how the strength of this response varies with a host of firm-level contingencies that capture dependence scope and dependence asymmetry in the business-government dyad at the time of the policy announcement. Our study contributes to strategy and governance literatures by demonstrating how firms restructure power relationships after the loss of board political capital. It also sheds light on the regulation of revolving doors under weak institutions by revealing the irony of a well-intentioned “anticorruption” government policy.
Comparing the comprehension of short stories paired with familiar and unfamiliar melodies and spoken text in autistic children
Authors: Schwartzberg Edward T , Silverman Michael J
Published: April 2023

Autistic children (AC) can demonstrate varying abilities of comprehending spoken and written information. Although information is often paired with music to facilitate recall and learning, there is limited research investigating if sung short stories influence the listening and reading comprehension (LRC) of AC. The purpose of this study was to compare the LRC of information paired with (1) familiar melodies, (2) unfamiliar melodies, and (3) spoken information in AC. Participants ( N = 59) received three different short stories presented live that were sung paired with a familiar melody, sung paired with an unfamiliar melody, and spoken. Both music conditions had guitar accompaniment. After presentation of each condition, participants answered five close-ended questions to measure LRC. There was no significant within-group LRC difference between the familiar melody, unfamiliar melody, or spoken conditions. Descriptive statistics indicated that both music conditions yielded slightly higher mean LRC scores than the spoken condition with slightly higher mean LRC during the familiar melody condition than the unfamiliar melody condition. Given the differences in the means, future researchers should be mindful of the possibility of a type II error. Implications for classroom and clinical work, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided.
A review on the sequential ordered behaviour of users’ experiential values, flow state and continuing use of mobile apps
Authors: Sumiyana Sumiyana , Siahaan Nur Halimah
Published: April 2023

This study investigates whether experiential values, such as escapism, enjoyment, social affiliation, visual appeal and entertainment, affect users’ cognitive flows, as suggested by the grand theories. Meanwhile, this study dismisses the inverse relationship in which flow states affect experiential values. Instead, this study demonstrates that pleasure and enjoyment are antecedent factors of cognitive involvement. In other words, it can be constructed to show that experiential values are an antecedent factor of users’ involvement. Furthermore, this study found that its sequential order had more reasonable validity than the inverted association. Moreover, it explains that the experiential values influencing users’ cognitive flows are relevant in occupational and cognitive behavioural therapies. Thus, the authors infer that a firm could pervasively influence users’ experiential values, and this process will end with their cognitive flows. Therefore, it implies that ordered logic construction is practical when it can affect users’ experiential values, flow states and usage.
Postmodern Queering of Family in 101 Reykjavik
Authors: Larsen Mads
Published: April 2023

In the postmodern 1990s, LGBT families were portrayed as pioneers for new family forms and processes of individualization. The queer viewpoint was that of a socially beneficial vanguard that could help liberate everyone from stale heteronormativity and dysfunctional socialites. The Icelandic queer dramedy 101 Reykjavík (2000) lets its slacker protagonist reinvent himself through the mentorship of his mother's Spanish partner. His renegotiation of family can be read as analogous to the way in which Nordic social democracies countered the threat of neoliberal globalization. How the film ends with queer assimilation points to our era's challenges of cultural renewal.
Optimizing Outpatient Oral Contrast Use in Abdominal CT–A Radiology Pandemic Response Initiative to Reduce Patient Time in the Waiting Room and Reduce Costs, While Improving Patient Experience
Authors: Renton Mary , Kielar Ania Z. , Toubassy Daniel , May Mary , Maganti Manjula , Burton Corwin , Krishna Satheesh
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The aim was to reduce outpatient wait time and improve patient experience by optimising oral contrast use . Methods: Our multidisciplinary stakeholder collaboration implemented two simultaneous interventions: (1) Creation of ‘oral contrast policy’, limiting recommended indications. (2) Creation of a new shorter oral contrast regime (30 vs 60 min). We conducted a retrospective service evaluation of oral contrast use in outpatient (OP) abdominal CT at baseline and post-intervention. Patient wait times were measured and per-patient cost-savings were reported. An image quality review was performed by 2 blinded abdominal radiologists. Patient experience was evaluated with a standard voluntary survey. Statistical analysis was performed comparing baseline and evaluation outcomes using Chi-square or Fisher Exact test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or ANOVA for continuous data. Results: Over 1-month periods, OP CT scans were assessed in baseline (pre-pandemic) n = 575, baseline (pandemic) n = 495 and post-intervention n = 545 groups. Oral contrast use reduced from 420/575, 73.0% at baseline to 178/545, 32.7% post intervention. The turn-around time reduced by 15.8 minutes per patient from 70.3 to 54.5 minutes, P < .001 (Interventions 1 and 2). The diagnostic quality did not differ between the oral contrast regimes (Intervention 2, P = 1.0, P = .08). No repeat CTs were needed due to lack of oral contrast (Intervention 1) or poor opacification (Intervention 2). There was oral contrast cost reductions of 69.1–78.4% ( P < .001). Patients reported their overall experience was improved post-intervention (Interventions 1 and 2). Conclusions: Optimising the CT oral contrast service through judicious use and a shorter regime, reduced patient wait times, improved patient experience and preserved diagnostic quality.
Vaccination Beliefs and Attitudes of Lactating People During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Mark Elyse G. , Demirci Jill R. , Megli Christina , Martin Judith M. , Rick Anne-Marie
Published: April 2023

Background:

Pregnant and recently pregnant people have lower vaccination rates against SARS-CoV-2 than the general population, despite increased risk of adverse outcomes from infection. Little is known about vaccine hesitancy in this population.

Research Aim:

To characterize SARS-CoV-2 and other vaccine attitudes of lactating people who accepted the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, describing their vaccine experiences to further contextualize their beliefs.

Methods:

A prospective cross-sectional online survey design was used. We administered the survey to 100 lactating people in Pennsylvania from April to August 2021, upon enrollment into a longitudinal study investigating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibodies in human milk. This survey assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine attitudes, vaccine counseling from providers, and vaccine decision making. Associations between vaccination timing and beliefs were analyzed by Pearson chi-square.

Results:

Of 100 respondents, all received ≥ 1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine before or shortly after enrollment, with 44% ( n = 44) vaccinated in pregnancy and 56% ( n = 56) while lactating. Participants reported vaccination counseling by obstetric ( n = 48; 70%) and pediatric ( n = 25; 36%) providers. Thirty-two percent ( n = 32) received no advice on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination from healthcare providers, while 69% ( n = 69) were counseled that vaccination was safe and beneficial. While 6% ( n = 6) and 5% ( n = 5) reported concerns about the safety of maternal vaccines for lactating people or their infants, respectively, 12% ( n = 12) and 9% ( n = 9) expressed concerns about the safety of maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in particular.

Conclusions:

Despite high uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among participants, safety concerns persisted, with many reporting a lack of direct counseling from providers. Future research should investigate how variability in provider counseling affects SARS-CoV-2 vaccine uptake in perinatal populations.
A model-based method of tire-road friction estimation for articulated steering vehicles
Authors: Gao Lulu , Wang Shite , Wang Dongyue , Ma Fei , Dong Yueqi
Published: April 2023

Articulated steering vehicles (ASV) are widely used in many industries for their high efficiency and excellent maneuverability. The autonomous driving and intelligent control of ASV are extremely critical owing to the operation characteristics. As a very important parameter, the tire-road friction coefficient (TRFC) determines the extreme tire force directly in the process of intelligent control. However, it cannot be obtained with the existing methods for the harsh environment and special structure of ASV. This paper proposed a two-layer model-based method of tire-road friction coefficient estimation for ASV. The dynamic models of ASV in the XY plane, including the longitudinal and lateral models of frames, tire forces, and steering system models, are established first. The dynamic models are embedded into the upper layer with a Kalman filter (KF) to estimate the tire forces in longitudinal and lateral directions. During the process, some self-contained sensors, including the state sensors of frames and steering system, are used to provide the observation data. In the lower layer, a recursive least square (RLS) method with a forgetting factor is used to obtain the TRFC and tire stiffness parameters with the aid of the tire model. The simulation and field test are carried out to validate the method under comprehensive conditions, in which different steering commands, velocities, and roads are included. The simulation and field test results show that the forgetting factor has a significant influence on the convergence and robustness of the proposed method. The forgetting factor τ = 0.95 is used in the field test, the estimation result of dry concrete road friction coefficient is around 0.83. The results indicated that the proposed method can obtain the TRFC and tire parameters dynamically for ASVs.
Engaging Women Living With HIV in Counseling and Research: Qualitative Findings From the Solution-Focused Wellness for HIV (SFWH) Intervention for Women
Authors: Yates Helen T. , Matthew Rebecca A. , Elise Lee Spencer
Published: April 2023

Following a pilot test of the Solution-Focused Wellness for HIV (SFWH) Intervention for Women, we used qualitative research with ( N = 14) participants to understand their experiences of a 6-week client-centered group counseling intervention. We analyzed focus group and interview data to determine intervention feasibility, acceptability, and participant experiences. Our findings included not being defined by HIV diagnosis, solution-finding skills gained from participating in the intervention, supportive aspects of being with other women living with HIV, progressing toward wellness goals, a safe place to openly express feelings, recommending the intervention to other women living with HIV, a positive response to the intervention, and improving access to the intervention. We recommend programmatic adaptations related to transportation and child care provision to improve intervention access that may benefit other health researchers in community-based settings.
“He Tells People That I Am Going to Kill My Children”: Post-Separation Coercive Control in Men Who Perpetrate IPV
Authors: Tutty Leslie M. , Lorraine Radtke H. , Nixon Kendra L.
Published: April 2023

Relatively little research has examined men's use of coercive controlling tactics against female partners after separation. This mixed-methods secondary analysis of 346 Canadian women documented coercive controlling tactics used by their ex-partners (86.4% identified at least one). The composite abuse scale emotional abuse subscale and women being older were associated with men using coercive control tactics post-separation. A secondary qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with a sub-sample of 34 women provided additional examples. Abusive partners used numerous strategies to coercively control their ex-partners by stalking/harassing them, using financial abuse and discrediting the women to various authorities. Considerations for future research are presented.
Substitution Between Private and Government Consumption in a Currency Area: The Case of the CFA Franc Zone
Authors: Samba Michel Cyrille , Mveng Seabrook Arthur
Published: April 2023

The current study aims at investigating the relationship between private and government consumption within CFA franc zone. In fact, since the decade 2000, most of these countries have launched ambitious spending programs in order to become emergent in the 2035 horizon. For this aim, we applied the cointegration approach of Ogaki (1992) and Ogaki and Park (1997) using panel data and country level analyses for the period 1985–2019. Results from the two methodologies indicate that private consumption and public expenditure are better described as Edgeworth-Pareto substitutes. Conventionally, this means that an increase in government spending decreases the marginal utility of private consumption. Consequently, fiscal stimuli in CFA franc countries are harmful since they crowd out the private consumption. However, in case these countries have to face a fiscal consolidation, the substitutability pattern between private and public consumption is likely to moderate the contractionary impact of cuts in government consumption.
Delusion of Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Das Soumitra , Prasad Sakshi , Ajay Kumar Shivakumar , Denise Makonyonga Rutendo , Saadoun Mayada , Mergler Reid
Published: April 2023

Delusion of pregnancy is defined as a persistent belief that one is pregnant despite concrete evidence to the contrary. Despite being reported as an isolated event, delusion of pregnancy has been reported in many patients with underlying psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, and other physiological disorders of mental function. This case study reports a case of a 44-year-old, drug-naïve female with delusion of pregnancy affected by paranoid schizophrenia. Pharmacological treatments are frequently insufficient in controlling this condition and are often supplemented with adjunctive psychotherapy.
Time series analysis and sparse sensor network-based impact monitoring for aircraft complex structures
Authors: Wang Yishou , Wang Minghua , Wu Di , Wang Geng , Yan Jiajia , Wang Yue , Qing Xinlin
Published: April 2023

An impact monitoring method based on time series analysis and a sparse sensor network is proposed to identify the location of the impact event that occurs on aircraft complex structures and estimate the impact energy. Generally, a high-density sensor network is required for high localization accuracy of the impact event, but with the trade-off of high deployment costs. A sparse piezoelectric sensor network together with a coarse and fine two-step localization method is designed to balance accuracy and cost. The stress wave signals caused by impact are measured by the sensor network and regarded as time series. The impact localization problem is converted into a classification problem of time series, and the strategy of combining coarse localization (impact zone identification) and fine localization (impact localization within a zone) is used to achieve accurate identification of the impact locations. The zone where the impact event is located is first identified by the coarse localization algorithm based on K-nearest neighbor and dynamic time warping (DTW) and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, respectively. Furthermore, the high accuracy identification of the impact location within the zone is achieved by the fine localization algorithm based on DTW and centroid localization. In terms of the impact energy estimation, the zone correction compensation algorithm is given to sufficiently reduce the estimation error of the impact energy. The low-velocity impact tests are performed on the composite stiffened panel and the aluminum alloy aircraft fuselage structure to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Integrating strength and conditioning training and golf practice during the golf season: Approaches and perceptions of highly skilled golfers
Authors: Bliss Alex , Langdown Ben
Published: April 2023

Contemporary evidence has demonstrated strength and conditioning (S&C) training benefits golf performance, primarily by improving clubhead speed. However, no empirical data exist that describe how, or even if, golfers integrate their S&C training and golf practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and practices of skilled golfers with regards to planning the season and how S&C is structured in the golf year. Sixty-five (male n  =  48; female n  =  17) Category 1 amateur (n  =  50) and professional (n  =  15) golfers completed a mixed-methods online survey. Survey answers were either golf practice or S&C training focused. Results showed the majority of golfers engage with S&C training (n  =  44; 67.7%) and follow a programme (n  =  53. 81.5%). Contrastingly, they reported having little structure for golf practice, choosing to have no annual plan (n  =  14; 21.9%), have a reactive approach (n  =  22. 34.9%) based on recent performances or training what feels appropriate/enjoyable (n  =  15; 23.8%). Golfers reported they adjust their training around competition (n  =  47; 74.6%) but with various approaches. The dichotomous and contradictory responses received across multiple answers demonstrate that continued education and research are required to help golfers integrate S&C training with their golf practice.
Patient-reported outcome measures and their association to the original Strickland classification after flexor tendon repair
Authors: Renberg Markus , Svingen Jonas , Arner Marianne , Farnebo Simon
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and the original Strickland classification after flexor tendon injuries in Zones 1 and 2. Data were collected from the Swedish national health care registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). The studied PROMs were the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and the patient questionnaire from the HAKIR (HQ-8). Complete data of both range of motion (ROM) and PROMs were available for 215 patients at 3 months after surgery, and for 150 patients at 12 months after surgery. We found that QuickDASH values were low and similar between all groups as classified by the Strickland system at 12 months. A statistically significant difference between PROM values (for stiffness and satisfaction) was found only between the Strickland groups Fair and Good, but not between Poor and Fair or Good and Excellent. This suggests that further categorization according to the Strickland classification is less important to the patients as long as they regain 70% of their ROM.

Level of evidence: III
Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint morphology and reconstruction of the ruptured ulnar collateral ligament
Authors: Sircar Krishnan , Dargel Jens , Scaal Martin , Eysel Peer , Müller Lars-Peter , Wegmann Kilian
Published: April 2023

Studies on graft reconstruction techniques for ruptured thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) ulnar collateral ligaments (UCL) do not consider the variety of MCP joint morphology. Optimal reconstruction method for flat MCP joints is therefore unclear. Twenty-four fresh-frozen, human thumbs were tested for flexion, extension and valgus stability of the MCP joint. After resection of the UCL, four reconstruction methods, differing in the metacarpal origin and phalangeal attachment, were performed on each specimen, which were then tested again in the same way. Specimens were grouped as ‘round’ or ‘flat’ depending on morphometric parameters and group differences were analysed. In flat joints, only the non-anatomical Glickel reconstruction and a modified Fairhurst reconstruction maintained normal mobility and stability. In round joints, only the Glickel reconstruction maintained normal mobility and stability. The original Fairhurst method and a modification with the origin palmar in the metacarpus were disadvantageous in both flat and round joints.
To Interact or Not to Interact with News Posts: The Role of Algorithmic Awareness & Self-Monitoring in Facebook News Consumption
Authors: Makady Heidi
Published: April 2023

While algorithms govern our newsfeed on social networking sites, most studies have sought to explore conditions to encourage audience interaction with news content. Few, however, have examined how audiences may refrain from content interaction which provides key indicators for news organizations gauging content impact and reflects online civic engagement. Through the theoretical lens of self-presentation and hyperpersonal model, this study examines the role of algorithmic awareness and self-monitoring in SNS news consumption. Using an online survey of Facebook news consumers (N = 808), findings reveal an association between algorithmic awareness, self-monitoring, and active news consumption on Facebook. The mediating role of self-monitoring indicates that levels of algorithmic awareness encourage active consumption when the stakes for self-presentation on the platform are high. Differences in algorithmic awareness levels by gender, age, and education are identified. The study provides promising preliminary evidence on how algorithmic awareness impacts SNS news consumption and practical implications for practitioners.
“Repressed Opposition Media” or “Tools of Hybrid Warfare”? Negotiating the Boundaries of Legitimate Journalism in Ukraine Prior to Russia's Full-Scale Invasion
Authors: Yanchenko Kostiantyn , Shestopalova Alona , von Nordheim Gerret , Kleinen-von Königslöw Katharina
Published: April 2023

In transitional democracies, the boundary work of defining journalism and through this, ousting certain media actors as illegitimate and threatful to national security and/or democratic stability can hold a particular urgency. This article considers the sanctions against three Russia-affiliated TV channels by the Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council adopted in February 2021 – and the ensuing public debate on this decision – as a particularly informative case of such boundary work. Using thematic analysis of materials from Ukrainian news sites and TV talk shows, the article maps out how media regulators and representatives of the sanctioned and non-sanctioned media outlets competed over the authority to define the boundaries of legitimate journalism in Ukraine amid growing security threats. The findings show that the regulator labeled the sanctioned TV channels as “parasites of journalism,” situated within the Ukrainian media system, yet functioning in the interest of a foreign state. In turn, the sanctioned media actors styled themselves as repressed opposition media, attacking both regulators and non-sanctioned media for undemocratic intervention and a lack of professional solidarity, respectively. Lastly, non-sanctioned media actors have largely supported the sanction decision and detached from the sanctioned actors’ self-legitimation discourse. The study contributes to the literature on boundary work in journalism and showcases how a novel theory of parasites of journalism can enhance the analysis of complex discourses surrounding antagonistic media actors, including in non-Western contexts.
Differences in Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Participants in a National Spine Conference
Authors: Lucasti Christopher , Vallee Emily K , Scott Maxwell M , Baker Seth C , Das Ashtah A , Patel Dil V
Published: April 2023

Study Design

Retrospective Study.

Objective

At the North American Spine Society (NASS) conference, participants may influence spine surgery practices and patient care through their contributions. Therefore, their financial conflicts of interest are of notable interest. This study aims to compare the demographics and payments made to participating surgeons.

Methods

A list of 151 spine surgeons was created based on those who participated in the 2022 NASS conference. Demographic information was obtained from public physician profiles. General payments, research payments, associated research funding, and ownership interest were collected for each physician. Descriptive statistics and two-tailed t-tests were used.

Results

In 2021, 151 spine surgeon participants received industry payments, totaling USD 48 294 115. The top 10% of orthopedic surgeons receiving payments accounted for 58.7% of total orthopedic general value, while the top 10% of neurosurgeons accounted for 70.1%. There was no significant difference between these groups’ general payment amounts. Surgeons with 21-30 years of experience received the most general funding. There was no difference in funding between surgeons in academic or private settings. For all surgeons, royalties accounted for the largest percentage of the general value exchanged, while food/beverage accounted for the largest percentage of transactions.

Conclusion

Our study found that only years of experience had a positive association with general payments, and most monetary value belonged to a small handful of surgeons. These participants receiving significant money may promote techniques requiring products of companies providing their compensation. Future conferences may require disclosure policy changes so attendees understand the degree of funding participants receive.
Children with autism spectrum disorders and severe visual impairments: Some general principles for intervention according to the perspective of clinical psychology of disability
Authors: Petretto Donatella Rita , Lucarelli Loredana , Farris Pericle , Penna Valentina , Valinotti Simona , Pietro Carrogu Gian , Gaviano Luca , Berti Roberta , Pili Lorenzo , Zolo Bachisio , Pili Roberto
Published: April 2023

In the last decades, an increasing number of researchers addressed the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe visual impairment (SVI) (like blindness or very low visual acuity) and nowadays autism could be considered one of the most reported coexisting developmental disorders in children with blindness or other severe visual impairment. As ASD and SVI’ signs and symptoms affect functioning and quality of life and different domains of functioning of children with this comorbidity, it is very important to support individuals and their families as soon as possible in the cycle of life and to promote specific interventions aimed to promote developmental potential of everyone with both ASD and VI, based on the unique balance between strengths, needs and abilities of everyone. Children and individuals with SVI and ASD and SVI are a very heterogeneous group, both about the areas of social interaction, communication, and behaviour, as well as about visual abilities and about all the other aspects of their neuropsychological and functional profiles that are influenced by their visual impairments itself, their ASD itself and the combination of them. In this paper, we aim to discuss some general principles useful to design and to develop specific interventions and to promote inclusion of children with ASD and SVI.
MALAT1 knockdown alleviates the pyroptosis of microglias in diabetic cerebral ischemia via regulating STAT1 mediated NLRP3 transcription
Authors: Zhao Nan , Hua Wei , Liu Qi , Wang Yueying , Liu Zhiyi , Jin Sinan , Wang Benshuai , Pang Yuxin , Qi Jiping , Song Yuejia
Published: April 2023

Background

Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs participate in the development of diabetic cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of lncRNA MALAT1 in diabetic cerebral ischemia.

Method

Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to establish diabetic cerebral I/R in vivo. TTC and neurological deficits assessment were performed to assess cerebral ischemic injury. LDH was conducted to detect cytotoxicity. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were applied to determine mRNA and protein expression. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the pyroptosis of BV2 cells. Immunofluorescence and FISH were conducted for subcellular localization of MALAT1 and STAT1. ELISA was performed to determine cytokine release. Dual luciferase reporter, RIP, and ChIP assays were used to validate the interaction between STAT1 and MALAT1/NLRP3. Diabetes aggravated cerebral injury in vivo and in vitro. Diabetic cerebral ischemia induced inflammatory response and inflammation-induced cell pyroptosis.

Result

MALAT1 was overexpressed in diabetic cerebral ischemia models in vivo and in vitro. However, knockdown of MALAT1 suppressed inflammatory response and the pyroptosis of BV2 cells. Moreover, MALAT1 interacted with STAT1 to transcriptionally activate NLRP3. Knockdown of STAT1 significantly reversed the effects of MALAT1. Furthermore, STAT1 promotes the MALAT1 transcription. MALAT1 interacts with STAT1 to promote the pyroptosis of microglias induced by diabetic cerebral ischemia through activating NLRP3 transcription.

Conclusion

Thus, knockdown of MALAT1 may be a potential promising therapy target for diabetic cerebral ischemia.
m6A methyltransferase METTL3 programs CD4+ T-cell activation and effector T-cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lu Shuang , Wei Xingyu , Zhu Huan , Hu Zhi , Zheng Meiling , Wu Jiali , Zhao Cheng , Yang Shuang , Feng Delong , Jia Sujie , Zhao Hongjun , Zhao Ming
Published: April 2023

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which excessive CD4+ T-cell activation and imbalanced effector T-cell differentiation play critical roles. Recent studies have implied a potential association between posttranscriptional N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and CD4+ T-cell-mediated humoral immunity. However, how this biological process contributes to lupus is not well understood. In this work, we investigated the role of the m6A methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) in CD4+ T-cell activation, differentiation, and SLE pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The expression of METTL3 was knocked down and METTL3 enzyme activity was inhibited using siRNA and catalytic inhibitor, respectively. In vivo evaluation of METTL3 inhibition on CD4+ T-cell activation, effector T-cell differentiation, and SLE pathogenesis was achieved using a sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-immunized mouse model and a chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) mouse model. RNA-seq was performed to identify pathways and gene signatures targeted by METTL3. m6A RNA-immunoprecipitation qPCR was applied to confirm the m6A modification of METTL3 targets.

Results

METTL3 was defective in the CD4+ T cells of SLE patients. METTL3 expression varied following CD4+ T-cell activation and effector T-cell differentiation in vitro. Pharmacological inhibition of METTL3 promoted the activation of CD4+ T cells and influenced the differentiation of effector T cells, predominantly Treg cells, in vivo. Moreover, METTL3 inhibition increased antibody production and aggravated the lupus-like phenotype in cGVHD mice. Further investigation revealed that catalytic inhibition of METTL3 reduced Foxp3 expression by enhancing Foxp3 mRNA decay in a m6A-dependent manner, hence suppressing Treg cell differentiation.

Conclusion

In summary, our findings demonstrated that METTL3 was required for stabilizing Foxp3 mRNA via m6A modification to maintain the Treg differentiation program. METTL3 inhibition contributed to the pathogenesis of SLE by participating in the activation of CD4+ T cells and imbalance of effector T-cell differentiation, which could serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in SLE.
Structural differences in the gut microbiome of bats using terrestrial vs. aquatic feeding resources
Authors: Corduneanu Alexandra , Wu-Chuang Alejandra , Maitre Apolline , Obregon Dasiel , Sándor Attila D. , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Bat gut microbiomes are adapted to the specific diets of their hosts. Despite diet variation has been associated with differences in bat microbiome diversity, the influence of diet on microbial community assembly have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we used available data on bat gut microbiome to characterize the microbial community assembly of five selected bat species (i.e.,Miniopterus schreibersii,Myotis capaccinii,Myotis myotis,Myotis pilosus, andMyotis vivesi), using network analysis. These bat species with contrasting habitat and food preferences (i.e.,My. capacciniiandMy. pilosuscan be piscivorous and/or insectivorous;Mi. schreibersiiandMy. myotisare exclusively insectivorous; whileMy. vivesiis a marine predator) offer an invaluable opportunity to test the impact of diet on bat gut microbiome assembly. The results showed thatMy. myotisshowed the most complex network, with the highest number of nodes, whileMy. vivesihas the least complex structured microbiome, with lowest number of nodes in its network. No common nodes were observed in the networks of the five bat species, withMy. myotispossessing the highest number of unique nodes. Only three bat species,My. myotis,My. pilosusandMy. vivesi, presented a core microbiome and the distribution of local centrality measures of nodes was different in the five networks. Taxa removal followed by measurement of network connectivity revealed thatMy. myotishad the most robust network, while the network ofMy. vivesipresented the lowest tolerance to taxa removal. Prediction of metabolic pathways using PICRUSt2 revealed thatMi. schreibersiihad significantly higher functional pathway’s richness compared to the other bat species. Most of predicted pathways (82%, total 435) were shared between all bat species, whileMy. capaccinii,My. myotisandMy. vivesi, but noMi. schreibersiiorMy. pilosus, showed specific pathways. We concluded that despite similar feeding habits, microbial community assembly can differ between bat species. Other factors beyond diet may play a major role in bat microbial community assembly, with host ecology, sociality and overlap in roosts likely providing additional predictors governing gut microbiome of insectivorous bats.
Rate of residual neuromuscular block using single-dose rocuronium in general anesthesia for ENT surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Carrillo-Torres Orlando , Pliego-Sánchez María Guadalupe , Pérez-Muñoz Víctor Joshua , Sánchez-Jurado Jennifer , Camacho-Vacherón Verónica , Carrillo-Ruíz José Damián
Published: April 2023

Introduction

NMB facilitates intubating conditions in general anesthesia. However, it is associated with significant residual postoperative paralysis and morbidity.

Objective

To investigate the rate of underdiagnosed residual NMB based on two TOFR criteria (< 0.91 and < 1.00).

Methods

We performed a retrospective study adhering to STROBE guidelines. We included patients undergoing ENT surgery using single-dose neuromuscular block for balanced general anesthesia from June to December 2018. We collected demographic and anthropometric data, ASA score, NMBA dose, TOFR recordings at 5, 30 and 60 min and end of the surgery, anesthesia and surgery time, and administration of reversal agent. Statistical analysis included descriptive and dispersion measures statistics, curve and cross tables for residual NMB on different TOFR criteria with sub-analysis for AR, RR, and OR in patients over 65 years old.

Results

We included 57 patients, mean age 41; 43 females and 14 males. Mean anesthetic and surgical time were 139.4 and 116.1 min, respectively. All the patients received rocuronium under a mean ponderal single-dose of 0.48 mg/kg. Residual NMB rates were 29.9 and 49.1% for a TOFR < 0.91 and < 1.00, respectively. Older adults had an OR of 6.08 for residual NMB.

Conclusions

The rate of residual NMB was 29.9 to 49.1%, depending on the criteria used (TOFR < 0.91 and < 1.00, respectively). Patients above 65 years old had an increased risk of residual NMB (6.08 OR) and clinical symptoms related to residual NMB (11.75 OR). We recommend future research aiming to provide a specific surveillance protocol for patients above 65 years old, including shorter-action NMB, early reversal, and prolonged surveillance using the TOFR criteria of < 1.00 to identify patients at risk of residual NMB readily.