bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction microscope endstation at FLASH2
Authors: Schmid Georg , Schnorr Kirsten , Augustin Sven , Meister Severin , Lindenblatt Hannes , Trost Florian , Liu Yifan , Braune Markus , Treusch Rolf , Schröter Claus Dieter , Pfeifer Thomas , Moshammer Robert
Published: April 2019

A reaction microscope dedicated to multi-particle coincidence spectroscopy on gas-phase samples is installed at beamline FL26 of the free-electron laser FLASH2 in Hamburg. The main goals of the instrument are to follow the dynamics of atoms, molecules and small clusters on their natural time-scale and to study non-linear light–matter interaction with such systems. To this end, the reaction microscope is combined with an in-line extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) split-delay and focusing optics, which allows time-resolved XUV-XUV pump–probe spectroscopy to be performed.
A flexible cell for in situ combined XAS–DRIFTS–MS experiments
Authors: Meira Debora M. , Monte Manuel , Fernández-García Marcos , Meunier Frederic , Mathon Olivier , Pascarelli Sakura , Agostini Giovanni
Published: April 2019

A new cell for in situ combined X-ray absorption, diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform and mass spectroscopies (XAS–DRIFTS–MS) is presented. The cell stands out among others for its achievements and flexibility. It is possible to perform XAS measurements in transmission or fluorescence modes, and the cell is compatible with external devices like UV-light and Raman probes. It includes different sample holders compatible with the different XAS detection modes, different sample forms (free powder or self-supporting pellet) and different sample loading/total absorption. Additionally, it has a small dead volume and can operate over a wide range of temperature (up to 600°C) and pressure (up to 5 bar). Three research examples will be shown to illustrate the versatility of the cell. This cell covers a wider range of applications than any other cell currently known for this type of study.
Crystal structure of diethyl 2-amino-5-{4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)amino]benzamido}thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylate
Authors: Gautier Yohan , Maris Thierry , Skene W. G.
Published: April 2019

In the title compound, C31H31N3O5S, the regioselective substitution of the thiophene is confirmed with the amine and the amide at the 2- and 5-positions, respectively. In the molecule, the thiophene ring is twisted by 12.82 (3)° with respect to the aromatic ring of the benzamido group. Intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds are present involving the N atoms of the primary amine and the amide groups, forming S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the amide carbonyl O atoms and the primary amine N atoms to form dimers of R
2
2(16) ring motif.
Examining digital video advertising (DVA) effectiveness
Authors: Stewart Kristin , Kammer-Kerwick Matt , Auchter Allison , Koh Hyeseung Elizabeth , Dunn Mary Elizabeth , Cunningham Isabella
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Marketers are increasing their use of digital strategies and prioritizing digital tactics, although the effectiveness digital video advertising (DVA) has not been examined empirically. The purpose of this research is to suggest that it is useful for advertisers to consider theories of the past to understand the link between product, advertising format and message processing.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine DVA effectiveness, this study utilized a 2-product type (utilitarian vs hedonic) × 2-product involvement (low vs high) x 2-platform (laptop vs mobile) mixed-design. Participants were recruited from a research company, who invited members of their panel to participate in an online experiment.

Findings

DVA for hedonic products resulted in stronger attitudes toward the ad and brand, and intentions to purchase. DVA for low involvement products resulted in stronger purchase intentions and likelihood to opt-in for more information. Moreover, there was an interaction between product category and involvement across all five measures of DVA effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications

Like TV commercials, DVA is more effective when used with low involvement, hedonic products than with high involvement, utilitarian products. Additionally, the device on which the advertisement is viewed impacts the effectiveness of DVA.

Practical implications

Companies promoting high-involvement utilitarian products may consider alternative advertising strategies (e.g. MDAs, apps, websites and advergames), as DVA may not be the most effective ad format.

Originality/value

As technology continues to develop and marketers continue to pursue growing numbers of consumers through digital means and on mobile devices, understanding how device type influences advertising effectiveness is important for media strategy, message placement and marketing metrics. This research takes one step in that direction.
The implications of national and regional long-term orientation on entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Lortie Jason , Barreto Tais , Cox Kevin
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between culture and entrepreneurial activity at both the national and regional levels of analyses. While there has been significant progress in investigating the effects of culture on entrepreneurial activity, most work overlooks the effects that time-orientation may have on national or regional entrepreneurial activity. Specifically, this study argues for the connection between long-term orientation (LTO) and subsequent levels of entrepreneurship such that the more a nation or region is long-term oriented, the higher the subsequent entrepreneurial activity will be.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from the World Value Survey (WVS), which is a global project that measures individuals’ values across 62 countries (World Value Survey, 2011), were used for this project. The final sample consisted of 36,652 individual observations across 29 nations and 262 regions and was analyzed using ecological factor analyses and multilevel modeling.

Findings

The findings suggest that LTO as a cultural dimension does influence entrepreneurship activity levels. The findings also suggest that the effects of LTO at the regional and national levels vary widely. Specifically, the authors find LTO to be positively related to entrepreneurship at the regional, but not national, level of analysis.

Originality/value

The findings reveal important nuances about the implications that the understudied cultural factor of LTO has on entrepreneurial activity across multiple levels of analysis.
Team entrepreneurial competence: multilevel effects on individual cognitive strategies
Authors: Santos Susana C. , Morris Michael H. , Caetano António , Costa Sílvia F. , Neumeyer Xaver
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of team entrepreneurial competence, a team-level construct representing the level of shared abilities toward entrepreneurial activities within a new venture team. A multilevel model of the influence of team entrepreneurial competence and team entrepreneurial experience on the cognitive strategies of team members is developed and tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 47 early stage entrepreneurial teams (144 individuals), a set of hypotheses regarding the effect of team entrepreneurial competence on team member reliance on effectual and causal reasoning, together with the moderating effect of team entrepreneurial experience, are tested.

Findings

The results provide support for a positive multilevel association between team entrepreneurial competence and the reliance by team members on both causal and effectual reasoning strategies; members of teams with higher entrepreneurial competence and more entrepreneurial experience are more likely to engage in effectuation.

Research limitations/implications

Understanding how team-level predictors and moderators have a role in determining individual effectuation and causation strategies offers promise in advancing effectuation theory.

Practical implications

Teams develop entrepreneurial competencies that transcend those of individual team members; where teams have more collective entrepreneurial experience, the effect on the tendency of individuals to engage in effectual reasoning is enhanced, which can be beneficial in highly uncertain contexts.

Originality/value

The results of this study are a step forward for effectuation theory, as it demonstrates the role of team-level variables in explaining individual causal and effectual reasoning.
Towards collaborative development culture in local government organisations
Authors: Tuurnas Sanna , Stenvall Jari , Virtanen Petri Juhani , Pekkola Elias , Kurkela Kaisa
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This paper approaches collaborative governance reform as an empirical phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to gain insights about the systemic and grassroots level conditions for collaboration, observed from the viewpoint of organisational culture. In this paper, the authors ask what constitutes collaborative development culture in local government organisations?

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is founded on secondary use of quantitative data; a survey targeted to Finnish local government organisations (n=172). The authors analyse what factors the different groups, managers, professionals and politicians consider important for collaborative development culture and how they assess their local government organisations in this regard.

Findings

According to the results, enabling and supporting management, local government personnel’s input and ability to seek external partners are essential for creating a collaborative development culture. Interestingly, despite the recognition of deterring factors by the respondents the results highlight that the supporting and driving factors are more important for creation of collaborative culture, giving an optimistic message to actors trying to enhance collaborative development culture in local government organisations.

Originality/value

The authors examine the collaborative governance reform in a critical way, from the viewpoint of organisational culture. Through the study, it is possible to better understand the reality and readiness for collaboration of local governments in this respect. This is a valuable aspect for increasing both theoretical and practical understanding of the so-called collaborative governance.
Improved biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil by two synthetic nitrogenous heterocyclic additives
Authors: Ding Jianhua , Fang Jianhua , Chen Boshui , Zhang Nan , Fan Xingyu , Zheng Zhe
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the influences of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil.

Design/methodology/approach

Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The biodegradability and tribological properties of neat oil and its formulations were studied on a tester for fast evaluating biodegradability of lubricants and a four-ball tester, respectively. The worn surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.

Findings

Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester both improved markedly the biodegradability, the anti-wear properties, friction-reducing properties and extreme pressure properties of base oil. The effect of oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester was better than tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate. The improvement of tribological performances was mainly ascribed to the formation of a complicated boundary lubrication film of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester on the friction surfaces.

Originality/value

This paper has indicated that tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate oleate and oleic acid tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate phosphate ester effectively improve the biodegradability and tribological performances of mineral lubricating oil. Promoting biodegradation of mineral lubricant by additives is very significant for the development of petroleum-based biodegradable lubricants. These two additives not merely improve the tribological performances; more importantly, they improve the ecological performances.
Multi-level facility location-allocation problem for post-disaster humanitarian relief distribution
Authors: Shavarani Seyed Mahdi
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Previously use of drones as a relief distribution vehicle was studied in several studies where required number of drones and the best locations for the relief centers were investigated. The maximum travel distance of drones without a need to recharge is limited by their endurance. Recharge stations can be used to extend the coverage area of the drones. The purpose of this paper is to find the best topology for both relief centers and recharge stations to cover a large-scale area with minimum and feasible incurred costs and waiting times.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-level facility location problem (FLP) is utilized to find the optimum number of relief centers and refuel stations and their locations. It is supposed that the demand occurs according to Poisson distribution. The allocation of the demand is based on nearest neighborhood method. A hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The performance of the algorithm is examined through a case study.

Findings

The proposed method delivers increased efficiency and responsiveness of the humanitarian relief system. The coverage area of the drones is extended by refuel stations, total costs of the system are reduced and the time to respond an emergency, which is an important factor in survival rate, is significantly decreased.

Originality/value

This study proposes a multi-level FLP to simultaneously account for recharge stations, relief centers and the number of required drones to cover all the demand for relief in a post-disaster period.
Final orientation for new graduates on the highest attainable standard of health
Authors: Plianbangchang Samlee
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of taking responsibility for our own self-care as fundamental to achieving optimum healthcare at all levels: family, community and country. However, for self-care to work at its best, the support of the government and the national medical and public health workforce are required in addition to increased facilities that ensure the development and long-term maintenance of a person’s health status. Moreover, inter-disciplinary government policy, strategy and resource support should be placed as a central part of the national healthcare development system.

Design/methodology/approach

It is a commentary piece of work from own long experience in working with the World Health Organization.

Findings

The value of self-care and individual responsibility in achieving one’s own good health ultimately results in improved national and global health standards.

Originality/value

This commentary explores the ideas and concepts on ways and means of leading people to think and act toward achieving their own optimum health in order to lead a socially and economically productive life and ultimately achieve “the highest attainable standard of health,” a WHO objective.
The acceptance of halal food in non-Muslim countries
Authors: Wilkins Stephen , Butt Muhammad Mohsin , Shams Farshid , Pérez Andrea
Published: April 2019

Purpose

International restaurant and fast food chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Subway currently serve halal food in some non-Muslim countries, with mixed results. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that most influence the product judgements of halal food amongst non-Muslim consumers in non-Muslim countries and to assess the extent to which these judgements are related to willingness to consume halal food.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey method was adopted, using a total sample of 1,100 consumers in Canada, Spain and the UK. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The results suggest that it may be possible for firms to satisfy specific niche market segments with standardised mass market products. Consumer cosmopolitanism and non-Muslim religious identity were found to be positively related to halal product judgement, and consumer ethnocentrism and national identification were negatively related to halal product judgement. There was a strong relationship between product judgement and willingness to consume halal food.

Practical implications

The findings indicate that halal marketing may provide promising business opportunities for international restaurant and fast food chains, as well as food manufacturers and retailers. However, in countries or regions where there are many consumers with high levels of national identification or consumer ethnocentrism, firms should not expect non-target consumers to accept halal products.

Originality/value

This is the first study to suggest that, in non-Muslim countries, food companies may switch entirely to halal produce for certain products as an effective market segmentation strategy targeting Muslim consumers.
Humility as enlightened leadership: a Chinese perspective
Authors: Xu Feng , Xu Benhua , Anderson Verl , Caldwell Cam
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Humility as an important factor for leaders was identified by Collins (2001) and his colleagues in an extensive research project about the leadership qualities of the leaders of companies that transitioned from “good” to “great.” This paper is an empirical study of six factors closely associated with humility and leadership and the purpose of this paper is to identify how Chinese business students and Chinese employees perceive the importance of six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper summarizes recent research about humility and leadership and suggests seven hypotheses about the importance of six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership.

Findings

This study confirms that Chinese respondents affirmed the value of all six factors and identified the statistical significance of three of the factors studied.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this study is that it is exploratory in nature and contained many factors that made conducting factor analysis indeterminable. The practical implications of this study are that it provides confirming information about understanding the value system and priorities of Chinese employees and future workers when multi-national companies interact with Chinese partners.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable information about the six factors associated with humility as enlightened leadership. This study is the first of its kind that empirically tests Chinese attitudes associated with humility and leadership.
The role of melatonin supplement in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bahrami Mina , Cheraghpour Makan , Jafarirad Sima , Alavinejad Pejman , Cheraghian Bahman
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Metabolic syndrome contains metabolic disorders that have association with other chronic diseases. Melatonin is a bioactive compound which is found in plants and also produced in the body. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of melatonin supplement on metabolic syndrome components, also leptin and adiponectin blood concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Design/methodology/approach

A double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 subjects with metabolic syndrome. Participants received 6 mg/day melatonin or placebo before bedtime for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of treatment period, blood samples were collected and biochemical parameters were measured. In addition, blood pressure and anthropometric indices were examined before and after the supplementation. Independent samplet-test was used to compare changes in metabolic syndrome components between the two study groups.

Findings

Results showed a significant reduction in waist circumference (−1.54 vs −0.04 cm;p= 0.036), systolic blood pressure (−3.52 vs 0.79 mmHg;p= 0.020), diastolic blood pressure (−1.50 vs 1.73 mmHg;p= 0.014), serum leptin concentration (−2.54 vs 0.27ng/ml;p= 0.041) and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.19 vs −0.79 mg/dl;p= 0.038) in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.

Research limitations/implications

If insulin concentration had been measured, it might have revealed better interpretation of melatonin effect on fasting blood glucose.

Originality/value

This study showed that melatonin as a nutritional supplement improved most metabolic syndrome components and concentration of leptin in the melatonin group compared to the placebo.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Neurobehavioral Deficits Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Mattson Sarah N. , Bernes Gemma A. , Doyle Lauren R.
Published: April 2019

In utero alcohol exposure can disrupt the development of the fetal brain and result in a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the cognitive and behavioral outcomes of prenatal alcohol exposure, including domains of general intelligence, executive functioning, language development, learning and memory, adaptive functioning, academic performance, and concurrent psychopathology. In addition, the current status of the neurobehavioral profile of FASD and its potential as a diagnostic tool will be discussed.
Respective influence of current alcohol consumption and duration of heavy drinking on brain morphological alterations in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Rolland Benjamin , Dricot Laurence , Creupelandt Coralie , Maurage Pierre , De Timary Philippe
Published: April 2019

Numerous studies have explored the morphological differences of the brain between subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and control subjects, but very few have investigated the impact of the duration of alcohol use disorder (DAD) and current level of alcohol consumption (CAC) within AUD subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared the morphological MRI of 44 controls and 66 AUD subjects, recruited at the end of a detoxification program. Additional analyses within the AUD group determined which specific alterations were respectively associated with DAD and CAC using: (1) Bonferroni‐corrected multivariable linear regressions to explore the DAD/CAC impact on brain volumes and (2) a general linear model (GLM module of FreeSurfer's Qdec) and Monte Carlo simulation to correct for multiple comparisons (P < 0.05) to explore the DAD/CAC impact on cortical thickness and volumes. Analyses were adjusted for age and tobacco use. CAC and DAD were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.25, P < 0.0001), and sensitivity analyses were conducted with and without both CAC and DAD included in the same model. While the AUD‐control comparisons globally reproduced preexisting findings, within‐AUD analyses found that CAC was inversely correlated with cortical thickness and gray matter volume in a bilateral dorsal band of the temporal lobe, including the fusiform and parahippocampal gyri. For DAD, only a left and more ventral temporal band that partially overlapped the CAC‐associated area was found in cortical thickness analyses. No significant volumetric result was reached after a Bonferroni correction. CAC and, to a lesser extent, DAD were thus associated with specific, though partially overlapping, temporal surface‐based signatures.
Association of MIR146A rs2910164 variation with a predisposition to sporadic breast cancer in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Ahmad Sadia , Rahman Bashir , Haq Taqweem Ul , Jalil Fazal , Shah Aftab Ali
Published: April 2019

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the progression of breast cancer (BC). We investigated the association of miR‐146a rs2910164 GC polymorphism with the risk of BC in the Pakistani population. The miR‐146a rs2910164 polymorphism was genotyped in 300 BC cases and 300 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls using T‐ARMS‐PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and the association between genotypes and the risk of BC was calculated by odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (95%). A significant difference in genotypic frequencies (χ2 = 63.10; P = <0.0001) and allelic frequencies (OR = 0.3955 (0.3132–0.4993); P = < 0.0001) was observed between cases and controls. Furthermore, we also found that miR‐146 rs2910164 CC homozygote increased the risk of BC in the dominant (OR = 0.2397 (0.1629–0.3526); P = 0.0001; GG vs. GC + CC) and recessive (OR = 2.803 (1.865–4.213); P = <0.0001; CC vs. GC + GG) inheritance models. In summary, miR‐146a rs2910164 GC is significantly associated with BC in the Pakistani population. To our knowledge, this is the first study that assessed MIR146a rs2910164 G > C SNP in Pakistani population. By analyzing the secondary structure of MIR146A variant, a significant structural modification was noted. Study with a larger sample size is needed to further confirm of these findings.
Neither species geographic range size, climatic envelope, nor intraspecific leaf trait variability capture habitat specialization in a hyperdiverse Amazonian forest
Authors: Fortunel Claire , McFadden Ian R. , Valencia Renato , Kraft Nathan J. B.
Published: April 2019

Many plant species exhibit strong association with topographic habitats at local scales. However, the historical biogeographic and physiological drivers of habitat specialization are still poorly understood, and there is a need for relatively easy‐to‐measure predictors of species habitat niche breadth. Here, we explore whether species geographic range, climatic envelope, or intraspecific variability in leaf traits is related to the degree of habitat specialization in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community in Amazonian Ecuador. Contrary to our expectations, we find no effect of the size of species geographic ranges, the diversity of climate a species experiences across its range, or intraspecific variability in leaf traits in predicting topographic habitat association in the ~300 most common tropical tree species in a 25‐ha tropical forest plot. In addition, there was no phylogenetic signal to habitat specialization. We conclude that species geographic range size, climatic niche breadth, and intraspecific variability in leaf traits fail to capture the habitat specialization patterns observed in this highly diverse tropical forest.
Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae)
Authors: Chen Grace F. , Schemske Douglas W.
Published: April 2019

Seasonal drought has been shown to greatly influence the distributions and species composition of plants in tropical rain forests. By conducting a series of field, greenhouse, and growth chamber experiments, we examined how Costus villosissimus, a forest edge species, has adapted to drought and differentiated from C. allenii, its closely related species in the understory. We hypothesize that delayed seed germination and high drought tolerance may lead to habitat differentiation and thus reproductive isolation between closely related plant species in the tropics.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Morici L , Torres A G , Titball R W
Published: April 2019

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
Preoperative bowel stimulation prior to ileostomy closure to restore bowel function more quickly and improve postoperative outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Rombey T. , Panagiotopoulou I. G. , Hind D. , Fearnhead N. S.
Published: April 2019

Aim

Closure of a diverting ileostomy following restorative surgery is often associated with significant short‐term morbidity and variable long‐term bowel function. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate if preoperative stimulation of the defunctioned bowel restores bowel function more quickly after ileostomy closure and improves postoperative outcomes when compared with standard preoperative care.

Method

MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies evaluating preoperative bowel stimulation in patients with a temporary ileostomy after low anterior resection or ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, regardless of their design, publication type or language. Study selection, data extraction and study assessment were performed by one reviewer and verified by another. Study results were synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.

Results

Eight studies involving a total of 267 participants were included. The studies had a moderate to high risk of bias and were of varying methodological quality. Preoperative stimulation of the defunctioned bowel reduced the time to postoperative restoration of bowel function and the length of hospital stay when compared with standard preoperative care. Other functional outcomes and postoperative complication rates were similar to those of standard preoperative care. The overall quality of evidence was very low.

Conclusion

Despite these promising early results, there is insufficient high‐quality evidence to recommend routine implementation of preoperative bowel stimulation in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there is no evidence suggesting that the intervention worsens outcomes or is unsafe, paving the way for rigorous assessment of effectiveness, acceptability and cost‐effectiveness within the context of well‐designed clinical trials.
Effects of exercise‐induced dyspnoea on the aspiration rate among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liu Ni , Li Youxia , Chen Ping , Wu Zhida , Hou Peng , Zheng Zeguang , Chen Rongchang
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To use radionuclide imaging to investigate silent aspiration among patients recovering from an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We also evaluated the effects of exercise‐induced dyspnoea on silent aspiration in COPD patients.

Patients and methods

Recovering AECOPD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between December 2013 and December 2015 were selected for the radionuclide aspiration test along with healthy volunteers of similar age. Aspiration‐negative AECOPD patients were randomized into two subgroups. Patients in group A performed symptom‐limited incremental cycle exercise test. Patients in group B were resting on the exercise bicycles. Aspiration‐negative healthy volunteers performed symptom‐limited incremental cycle exercise test (group C). Three groups performed a radionuclide aspiration test 30 min after exercise.

Results

The silent aspiration rates among recovering AECOPD patients and healthy volunteers were 44.19% (57/129) and 0 (0/18) (P = 0.00). The aspiration rates in groups A and B were 33.33% (10/30) and 23.33% (7/30), (P = 0.39) and groups A and C were 33.33% (10/30) and 0% (0/12), (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Recovering AECOPD patients had significantly higher silent aspiration rates than healthy volunteers of similar age. The evidence is not strong enough to support the patients with exercise‐induced dyspnoea‐increased aspiration rate.
905. ERICA ERIGENA
Authors: Nelson E. Charles
Published: April 2019

Erica erigena R. Ross, formerly E. mediterranea L. or E. hibernica R. Ross non F. Utinet, is described and illustrated.
Physical activity in young children at risk for developmental coordination disorder
Authors: King‐Dowling Sara , Kwan Matthew Y W , Rodriguez Christine , Missiuna Cheryl , Timmons Brian W , Cairney John
Published: April 2019

Aim

To examine cross‐sectional differences in patterns of daily physical activity accumulation between preschool children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to typically developing children.

Method

In total, 514 children (292 males, 222 females; 4–5y) were recruited as part of the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study. Motor competence was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition; children scoring ≤5th centile comprised the probable DCD group (pDCD, n=87), between the 6th and 16th centile were considered to be at risk for DCD (rDCD, n=149), and >16th centile were considered typically developing (n=278). Seven‐day physical activity was measured using hip‐worn accelerometers. Average daily intensity of activity, frequency, and duration of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) bouts, and triaxial activity counts per minute were determined.

Results

No differences in daily activity in any intensity or axis of movement were found among the three groups. However, young children with pDCD accumulated their MVPA in slightly shorter bouts compared to typically developing children.

Interpretation

Young children at risk for DCD are not yet in an activity deficit. This may be because of the low motor skill demands of play in this age group. Early motor interventions may be able to promote continued physical activity participation in children with DCD.

What this paper adds

Preschool children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are not less active than their peers.

Overall intensity and frequency of daily activity bouts are similar among motor groups.

Children with probable DCD accumulate their activity in shorter bouts.
Knowledge of orthodontic treatment approach of traumatized teeth by a group of Belgian general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists
Authors: Van Gorp Gertrude , Bormans Naomi , Vanham Ingrid , Willems Guy , Declerck Dominique
Published: April 2019

Background/Aim

Traumatized teeth are more susceptible to complications during orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to explore current practices among Belgian dental practitioners regarding orthodontic treatment of children with a history of dental trauma.

Material and Methods

A questionnaire survey was organized among general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists in Flanders (Belgium). Questionnaires were distributed at the occasions of annual meetings or symposia. They consisted of questions regarding exposure to dental trauma and orthodontic treatment approach for patients with a dental trauma history.

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 121 general dentists, 47 pediatric dentists, and 99 orthodontists. A history of dental trauma influenced referral for orthodontic treatment by general dentists and pediatric dentists moderately (median VAS scores of 5 and 6, respectively, on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 10 (utmost)), indicating uncertainty and doubt. Additional checkups during tooth movement were usually not organized by general dentists in 33.6% and by pediatric dentists in 19.1% of cases (P = 0.006). One‐third of the orthodontists (33.3%) experienced tooth loss linked to orthodontic movement of a tooth with dental trauma history in at least one patient. Only a minority of the practitioners knew of the existence of specific guidelines (7.6%, 15.6% and 22.7%, respectively, of general dentists, pediatric dentists, and orthodontists) (P = 0.007). The Dental Trauma Guide was the guideline mentioned most frequently, although this tool does not contain recommendations regarding orthodontic treatment after trauma.

Conclusion

In the group of Belgian general dental, pediatric and orthodontists surveyed, there was uncertainty regarding the orthodontic management of patients with a history of dental trauma especially among general practitioners. Further educational training is recommended.
In search of good citizenship education: A normative analysis of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS)
Authors: Joris Margot , Agirdag Orhan
Published: April 2019

In the last two decades, calls to place citizenship education (CE) at the top of national and European educational policy and research agendas have been gaining in prominence. Large‐scale comparative studies, such as the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), are often considered the main evidence base for setting these agendas and improving CE policies and practices. This article therefore considers the ICCS study as an inherent part of the process of translating general, educational aims into curricular policies and practices of CE. However, while critical voices about comparative educational studies have become paramount, a detailed analysis of their contents, of what and how they measure and what they promote as the aims of education is often lacking. This article aims to fill this gap by analysing the main research documents, design and items of the 2009 ICCS study. To find out what ICCS promotes as the goals of citizenship education, we examined its normative assumptions in terms of qualification, socialisation and/or subjectification. Our analysis shows that the qualification and socialisation functions are dominantly validated in all aspects of the study, whilst there is only marginal attention to subjectification. This implies that ICCS misses an important potential to document and/or promote pupils becoming autonomous and critical democratic citizens, whilst this is often considered a central aim of citizenship education by policymakers, practitioners and teachers.
Weaning from antiseizure drugs after new onset status epilepticus
Authors: Chakraborty Tia , Hocker Sara
Published: April 2019

Objective

In patients with status epilepticus (SE) without prior epilepsy, there are limited data on the safety of discontinuing antiseizure drugs (ASDs) after seizure control. We aimed to describe seizure recurrence when weaning from ASDs following new onset SE (NOSE).

Methods

Retrospective review of adult patients with NOSE admitted to Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2015 was performed. Weaning was defined as a discontinuation of ASDs following discharge. Patient demographics, SE characteristics, timing of ASD withdrawal, and seizure recurrence were collected.

Results

One hundred seventy‐seven patients with mean age 63 ± 18 years were identified; 96 (54.2%) patients had refractory SE (RSE), and 81 (45.8%) had nonrefractory SE. Mean follow‐up was 3.8 ± 3.2 years for those successfully weaned off ASDs. One hundred thirty (73.4%) with outpatient follow‐up were included in the analysis; 128 (98.5%) patients were discharged on an ASD; 44 of 128 (34.4%) patients underwent weaning from at least 1 ASD following discharge, including 27 of 128 (21.1%) who were completely weaned off of all ASDs. Younger patients (P = 0.009) and those with RSE (P = 0.048, odds ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.00‐4.48) tended to undergo weaning. Six of 44 (13.6%) patients had seizure recurrence when weaned off of any ASD, and two of 27 (7.4%) patients completely weaned off all ASDs had seizure recurrence. Two of seven (28.6%) patients who underwent attempted barbiturate weaning experienced seizure recurrence.

Significance

We found a rate of 13.6% for late seizure recurrence after weaning from at least one ASD in patients with NOSE; seizure recurrence was more likely in patients with RSE treated with barbiturates. Systematic collection of longitudinal data in patients requiring multiple ASDs for NOSE control will provide more conclusive guidance on weaning from ASDs.
Inflammation associated with chronic heart failure leads to enhanced susceptibility to depression
Authors: Su Jing , Wang Jinghui , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Qing , Yang Yufang , Huang Li , Wang Haoyue , Li Heng , Wang Zishan , Tong Jiabin , Huang Dongping , Bai Xiaochen , Yu Mei , Bu Liping , Fei Jian , Huang Fang
Published: April 2019

Epidemiological and clinicopathological studies indicate that there is a high risk for chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. However, it is unclear whether CHF causes depression, and the underlying mechanisms of this association remain largely unknown. In this study, mice with myocardial infarction and CHF were used to investigate behavioral alterations as well as changes in the brain‐heart axis. During the first 6 months, abnormalities in neuropsychiatric behaviors were detected in mice with CHF. Using the sucrose preference test, a 9 months course of CHF resulted in two subgroups: mice with a significant decrease in sucrose preference, defined herein as “susceptible” (Sus), and mice with a normal sucrose preference, defined herein as “resilient.” Compared to the resilient and sham‐operated animals, the Sus mice displayed imbalances in glutamate transmission and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation, abnormal synaptic plasticity, and increased inflammatory responses. Furthermore, abnormal kynurenine metabolism was detected in Sus mice. Our results suggest that long‐term CHF increases inflammatory responses in the central nervous system and leads to depression in Sus mice.
Rev1 plays central roles in mammalian DNA‐damage tolerance in response to UV irradiation
Authors: Niu Xiaohong , Chen Wangyang , Bi Tonghui , Lu Mengxue , Qin Zhoushuai , Xiao Wei
Published: April 2019

Rev1, a Y‐family DNA polymerase, is involved in the tolerance of DNA damage by translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Previous studies have shown that the C‐terminal domain (CTD) and ubiquitin (Ub)‐binding (UBM) domains of Rev1 play important roles in UV‐damage tolerance, but how these domains contribute to the process remains unclear. In this study, we created Ub mutations in a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐Ub fusion that differentially affect its interaction with Rev1 and Polη and found that UV‐damage tolerance depends on its interaction with Rev1 but not Polη. We also created Rev1‐UBM mutations altering its interaction with a PCNA‐Ub fusion and Rev1‐CTD mutations affecting its interaction with Polη and the Rev7 subunit of Polζ. We thus demonstrated that elevated expression of Rev1 alone is sufficient to confer enhanced UV‐damage tolerance and that this tolerance depends on its physical interaction with monoubiquitinated PCNA and Polζ but is independent of Polη. Collectively, these studies reveal central roles played by Rev1 in coordinating UV‐damage response pathway choice in mammalian cells.
Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Gerstner Katharina , Akin‐Fajiye Morodoluwa , Ceaușu Silvia , Kambach Stephan , Kinlock Nicole L. , Phillips Helen R. P. , Verhagen Willem , Gurevitch Jessica , Klotz Stefan , Newbold Tim , Verburg Peter H. , Winter Marten , Seppelt Ralf
Published: April 2019

Most current research on land‐use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, we conducted a global meta‐analysis synthesizing 115 studies which collected data for both variables at the same locations. We extracted 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. We found that, across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (−8.9%). However, analysis of sub‐groups revealed inconsistent results. For example, small intensification steps within low intensity systems did not affect yield or species richness. Within high‐intensity systems species losses were non‐significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (−22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (−21.2%). In addition, this meta‐analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land‐use intensity. Our findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land‐use intensification drives a trade‐off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These results should guide future research to close existing research gaps and to understand the circumstances required to achieve such win‐win or win‐no‐harm situations in conventional agriculture.
Tax increment financing: Capturing or creating growth?
Authors: Hicks Michael J. , Faulk Dagney , Devaraj Srikant
Published: April 2019

This research examines tax increment financing (TIF), a widely used economic development tool, and property values to determine whether TIFs capture activity that would have occurred anyway. Using 2003–2012 data from Indiana counties, we test a two‐stage model focusing on TIF adoption (stage 1) and impact on assessed value within the TIF district and outside the TIF district (stage 2). Model results show that TIF adoption is positively related to TIF use in surrounding counties, median household income and employment growth, which suggests that TIF is used to capture existing growth. The results of the impact model show that as the share of county assessed value in TIF increases, assessed value in non‐TIF areas decreases and assessed value within TIF districts does not increase, which raises concerns about the efficacy of TIF.