bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The tomato microRNA miRcn1 acts as a positive regulator of resistance to nematode infection by targeting the cytokinin response factor SlCRF9
Authors: Wang Chunting , Zhou Dongmei , Feng Hui , Daly Paul , Zhao Min , Zhang Jinfeng , Kaloshian Isgouhi , Tang Zhaoyang , Wei Lihui
Published: January 2024

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp) are plant
endoparasites with a broad host range which cause huge crop losses
globally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant responses to
abiotic and biotic stresses by silencing the transcriptional and
post-transcriptional expression of genes. In this study, miRNAs of
RKN-infected and -uninfected roots of the susceptible tomato
(Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Moneymaker were subjected to
high-throughput sequencing. A novel miRNA (named as miRcn1) was
down-regulated upon RKN infection, while the transcripts of its
predicted target, the cytokinin response factor 9 (SlCRF9),
increased. The interaction of miRcn1 with SlCRF9 was confirmed by
qRT-PCR and Agrobacterium-mediated transient co-expression in
Nicotiana benthamiana. Tomato plants overexpressing miRcn1 showed
reduced SlCRF9 transcript levels and enhanced resistance to RKN.
In contrast, tomato plants overexpressing SlCRF9 were more
susceptible to RKN infection and exhibited growth retardation. A
jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent gene, PDF1.2, was upregulated and
downregulated in miRcn1- and SlCRF9-overexpressing lines,
respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miRcn1
positively regulates tomato resistance to M. incognita infection
by silencing SlCRF9 expression.
Convergence and asymptotical stability of numerical solutions for semi-linear stochastic delay differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion
Authors: Yuan Haiyan
Published: January 2024

There are few numerical analysis results for semi-linear stochastic
delay dif- ferential equations driven by G-Brownian motion(G-SLSDDEs).
This paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of the G-SLSDDEs to
fill this gap. In this paper, existence and uniqueness of exact
solutions of semi-linear stochastic delay differential equations driven
by G-Brownian motion are studied first, some suitable conditions for the
mean-square stability of the exact solution are also obtained. Then the
numerical approximation of exponential Euler method for semi-linear
stochastic delay differential equations driven by G-Brownian motion is
constructed, the convergence and the stability of the numerical method
are studied. It is proved that the exponential Euler method is
convergent with the strong order 1/2 and the exponential Euler method
can reproduce the mean- square exponential stability of the analytical
solution under some restrictions on the step size. Finally, numerical
experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical results.
Higher-Order Uniformly Convergent Method for Singularly Perturbed Burger-Huxley Equations
Authors: Kabeto Masho , Duressa Gemechis
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a higher-order uniformly convergent finite difference
method is presented to solve one dimensional unsteady singularly
perturbed Burger-Huxley equation. The quadratically convergent
quasilinearization technique is used to linearize the nonlinear term
from the considered equation. To replace the Burger-Huxley differential
equation by the finite difference recurrence relations using an upwind
finite difference approximation is applied on temporal direction, and a
nonuniform Shishkin mesh type is used on the spatial direction. To
accelerate the rate of convergence from first to second-order, the
Richardson extrapolation technique is applied. The convergence analysis
of the proposed method has been established. Extensive numerical
experiments are conducted to support the theoretical results and to
demonstrate their accuracy. From the obtained numerical illustration, we
observed that the results confirm the agreement of the practical
experiments with the theoretical results effectively. Furthermore, the
presented method is uniformly convergent and produces a more accurate
solution than some existing methods in the literature for solving the
singularly perturbed Burger-Huxley equations.
The Effects of Renal Denervation Combined with Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Geng Ning , Qi Jing , Xu Lisheng , Zou Deling , Pang Wenyue
Published: January 2024

Background: Activity of autonomic nerve plays a critical role in the
initiation and sustainability of atrial fibrillation (AF). Renal
denervation (RDN) can significantly reduce systemic sympathetic tone.
Our study aimed to explore the effect of RDN on the improvement of AF
recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods and Results: We
searched PubMed, EMBase and the Cochrane Library for randomized
controlled trials (RCT). The primary endpoint was AF recurrence at
1-year follow-up. The second endpoint included changes of blood
pressure; renal function; left atrial diameter at 1-year follow-up. Four
RCTs involving 496 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Compared
to PVI alone, RDN combined with PVI could significantly reduce the
recurrence of AF (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.62, p<0.001);
significantly lowered both systolic and diastolic BP (SBP: SMD,-1.30;
95%CI: -2.10 to -0.50; p=0.001; DBP: SMD,-0.99; 95%CI: -1.51 to -0.48;
p<0.001); improved eGFR (MD,13.95 mL/min/1.73m2; 95%CI: 6.41
to 21.49 mL/min/1.73m2; p<0.001); numerically reduced left
atrial diameter (MD, -2.10mm; 95%CI: -4.61 to 0.42mm; p=0.10) at
12-month follw-up. Subgroup analysis showed more improvement on AF
recurrence in patients with persistent AF compared with paroxysmal AF
(OR, 0.17 vs. 0.48; Pinteraction=0.05). No renal artery complications
were reported. Conclusion: RDN is a safe and efficient procedure. RDN in
addition to PVI, is associated with reduced AF recurrence; better
controlled blood pressure and improved eGFR compared to PVI alone at
12-month follow-up. The reduction of AF recurrence might be more
remarkable in patients with persistent AF.
Comparison of plate internal fixation, intramedullary fixation, and conservative treatment for adult mid-clavicle fracture: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Zhihui , Chen Xiao , ZHANG Minghua , HE Chao , Zhao Bo , Shao Gaohai , Xie Bo , Jiang Lian
Published: January 2024

Background. Adult mid-clavicle fractures are common but there is no
consensus on the optimal treatment. Objective. The present network
meta-analysis investigated the safety and efficacy of plate internal
fixation, intramedullary fixation, and conservative treatment for adult
mid-clavicle fracture. Methods. PubMed, OVID, EMbase, Cochrane Library,
VIP, WanFang, and CNKI databases were searched up to March 2020 by two
independent researchers for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
including patients treated by plate fixation, intramedullary fixation,
or conservative treatment for mid-clavicle fractures. Primary outcomes
were Constant score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)
score, nonunion rate, and healing time.  Data were analyzed using GeMTC
14.3 and Stata 14 software. Results. A total of 27 RCTs were included.
The network meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in
Constant score among groups at 3-months and 12-months post-treatment (P
> 0.05); however, at 24-months, intramedullary and plate
fixation treatments were superior to conservative treatment according to
probability ranking. There were significant differences in DASH score at
3-, 12-, and 24-months post-treatment (P< 0.05), and again
probability ranking indicated that intramedullary and plate fixation
treatments were superior to conservative treatment at 3 and 12 months,
while conservative treatment was superior at 24 months. Nonunion rate
also differed among treatments, with intramedullary and plate fixation
superior to conservative treatment by probability ranking. Finally,
healing time was significantly shorter following intramedullary and
plate fixation compared to conservative treatment. Conclusion. Plate
internal fixation and intramedullary fixation achieve superior
functional outcome, lower nonunion rate, and shorter healing time for
treatment of adult mid-clavicle fractures compared to conservative
treatment.
CD28 monoclonal antibody improve sepsis mortality by amending Th17/Treg balance
Authors: wu yu , Li Dai , Xie Jian , Wang Hang , Meng Yan , Wu Guosheng , Deng Xiaoming , Wan Xiaojian
Published: January 2024

Background: Sepsis is still developing exorbitantly high mortality. T
cell activation plays a crucial role in sepsis’s initial innate immune
reactions. The imbalance between Th17 and Treg participates in sepsis
progression. CD28 signaling pathway was essential for the expression of
inflammatory cytokines related to Th17, and play a crucial role in the
maintenance of Treg. Methods: 60 sepsis patients’ baseline conditions
were recorded, and the expressions of inflammatory factors in the
peripheral blood and levels of procalcitonin (PCT) were detected. PBMCs
were separated, subtypes of T cells and related biomarkers were measured
by FACS. Furthermore, the relationship between the above indicators and
patients’ condition scoring (APACHEⅡand SOFA) and ICU hospitalization
time were analyzed. To investigate effects of CD28 on the balance of
Th17 between Treg, anti-CD28 antibody was intraperitoneal administrated
to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice. Results: Compared with septic
patients who stay in ICU more than 14 days, the Th17/Treg ratio of
patients fewer than 14 days was significantly lower. Moreover, the
expression of CD28 was significantly higher in sepsis patients than that
of healthy donors. After administration of CD28 monoclonal antibody,
7-day mortality and clinical score were significantly improved in septic
mice, with splenocyte Th17/Treg ratio decreased. CD28 antibody
alleviates the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and spleen injury
related to apoptosis. Conclusions: Th17/Treg ratio revealed septic
patient severity and as a predictor of ICU stay. CD28 monoclonal
antibody could improve 7-day mortality of septic mice by decreasing T
cell apoptosis and amending the ratio of Th17/Treg.
Characteristics of patients with atrial flutter and spontaneous 1:1 atrioventricular conduction with and without anti-arrhythmic drug treatment
Authors: Ito-Hagiwara Kanako , Iwasaki Yu-ki , Fujimoto Yuhi , Oka Eiichiro , Hayashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Teppei , Yodogawa Kenji , Hayashi Meiso , Miyauchi Yasushi , Shimizu Wataru
Published: January 2024

Background: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a large re-entrant circuit located
in the right atrium. Anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) can provoke AFL with
1:1 atrioventricular conduction (AVC) to cause hemodynamic collapse. We
elucidated the characteristics of patients with AFL exhibiting
spontaneous 1:1 AVC. Methods: Fifteen patients (1:1 AFL group; 11 males,
52.4±13.7 years old) who documented AFL with 1:1 AVC were enrolled and
compared to 77 patients without 1:1 AVC (Control group; 71 males,
68.1±10.9 years old). Results: The use of AADs was greater in the 1:1
AFL group than in the control group (60.0 vs. 14.3%, p <
0.001). AFL cycle length during maximum AVC was significantly longer in
the 1:1 AFL group than in the control group (274.7 ± 37.0 vs. 220.4 ±
26.2 msec, p < 0.001). Among 1:1 AVC group, 9 patients had
AADs and AFL cycle length was significantly longer during 1:1 AVC as
compared with 2:1 AVC documented the other day (284.4 ± 41.3 vs. 233.3 ±
26.0 msec, p <0.001), suggesting enhancement effect of the
AADs during 1:1 AVC. Remaining 6 patients who did not take AADs, 2
patients showed enlargement of the tricuspid annulus and 3 patients
developed 1:1 AVC during exercise. Conclusions: In addition to the
enhancement of AAD effect, prolonged AFL cycle length associated with
enlargement of the tricuspid annulus and shortened refractory period of
the AV node might increase the risk of 1:1 AVC during AFL. Keywords:
atrial flutter, atrial flutter cycle length, tricuspid annulus.
Atrioventricular node, atrioventricular conduction, anti-arrhythmic drug
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Low Levels of Apelin 36 and General Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Bahceci Bulent , Bahceci Ilkay
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship
between apelin-36 and oxidative parameters and Generalized Anxiety
Disorder (GAD). Apelin which prevents hippocampal neuron death is an
endogenous ligand for G protein-bound APJ receptors in the central
nervous system. Oxidative Stress occurred by free radicals which caused
apoptosis in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala regions of the
CNS. Methods: In this study, 61 patients diagnosed with generalized
anxiety disorder at psychiatry polyclinic and 55 healthy subjects were
enrolled. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
(SCID-I) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) were used in this
study and they were filled by the patients and healthy individuals.
Serum apelin-36 level was measured by using an ELISA kit. TAS and TOS in
the serum was measured by an automated system. The data wereanalyzed by
using the SPSS. Results: It wasfound that serum apelin-36, TOS and OSI
levels were significantly lower in patients group than controls. In
addition, negative correlation was detected between apelin 36 levels and
HARS scores, TOS and OSI values in patients group.TAS values were found
as similar between the patient and control group.There was no
correlation between TAS and Apelin 36 in the patient group. Conclusion:
In this study it is found that serum apelin-36, TOS and OSI levels were
low in GAD. According the results, Apelin-36 and oxidative stress may
play a role in the etiopathogenesis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
A Two Months Post-COVID-19 Follow-Up Study on Patients with Dyspnea
Authors: Islam Md. Khairul , Hossain Mohammad Faisal , Sharif Md. Mohiuddin , Molla Md. Maruf Ahmed , Hasan Pratyay , Hossain Fahima Sharmin , Sikder Ayesha , Uddin Md Gias , Amin Md. Robed
Published: January 2024

Background: Dyspnea is the most common symptom associated with the
COVID-19 caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study
was to assess the prevalence of dyspnea, observe co-variables, and find
predictors of dyspnea after two months of recovery from COVID-19.
Methods: This study was conducted in 327 patients and they were asked if
they had experienced dyspnea with the COVID-19. Patients’ responses
about dyspnea were categorized as being improved, remained the same, or
(worsened) two months post-COVID-19. Software “R” was used in this
study for statistical computing. The p-value was set <0.05 for
all statistical tests. A repeated k-fold cross-validation was used for
measuring the accuracy of logistic regression. Results: Of the total 327
participants in the study, 34% had stated that they were suffering from
respiratory symptoms even after two months of COVID-19. The study
demonstrated that SpO2 (p value <0.03), D-dimer (p value
<0.001), serum ferritin (p value <0.006) and the
presence of dyspnea are significantly correlated. The repeated k-fold
cross-validation method revealed that the prediction performance was
around 65%. Conclusion: These findings can be useful for the physicians
treating COVID-19 patients after discharge from hospital.
Bounded Model Checking of Continuous Stochastic Logic
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Gu Yi , Zhou Conghua , Afzal Zeeshan
Published: January 2024

Model checking continuous stochastic logic has been proven to be a
powerful technique for analyzing the dependability and performance of
stochastic systems. The state space explosion is the main obstacle
making the technique more practical. To avoid the state explosion, a
bounded model checking technique of continuous stochastic logic is
proposed. First of all, the bounded semantics of continuous stochastic
logic is presented, and its correctness is proven. Secondly, an
effective method for computing the transient probability and
steady-state probability bounded by the path length is proposed.
Finally, for different operators bounded model checking procedures based
on the computation of the transient probability and steady-state
probability bounded by the path length are proposed. The experiment
results show that if the property can be verified in local reachable
space with small depth, then the bounded model checking is better than
global model checking in time and space consumption.
Global existence of entropy solutions to Euler-Poisson equations of two-carrier types
Authors: Lu Yun-guang , Klingenberg Christian
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we apply the classical viscosity method to study the
global entropy solutions to the Cauchy problem of the inhomogeneous
Euler-Poisson equations of two-carrier types in one dimension with
arbitrarily large initial data, and arbitrary adiabatic exponent
$\gamma>1$.
A predict model to evaluate the level of HBV-DNA for the patients with Chronic Hepatitis B virus (CHB) in clinic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Jinli , Wan Juan , Chenhao Jiang , Huang Yang , Pu Xingyu , Jiang Li
Published: January 2024

Background: The previous studies showed the correlation between HBsAg
and serum HBV DNA levels were weak or missing. And the relationship of
HBeAg and HBV DNA levels was lack. Objective：The study aims to
investigate the correlation between HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, and to
find an alternative tool to evaluate the HBV DNA levels for clinicians.
Methods: We enrolled 1020 patients in this cross-sectional study. We
divided the patients into four groups as: HBeAg positivity and
negativity groups, high and low HBV DNA levels groups. Further, as to
the levels of HBV DNA, we performed subgroups’ in HBeAg-positive and
HBeAg-negative groups. Results: The levels of ALT, ALB and HBeAg were
the independent factors for the serum HBV DNA in CHB patients. The
predict model for the patients with HBeAg-positive was: M1 (high HBV DNA
levels) = 1.412 × (1 for HBeAg-positive >16.15 S/CO or 0
for others) + 0.004 × (1 for ALT > 42.5 IU/L or 0 for
others) −0.029 × (1 for ALB > 25.5 g/L or 0 for others) +
0.779, and the AUC was 0.606. And the predict model of patients with
HBeAg-negative was: M2 (low levels of HBV DNA) = 0.385 − 0.005 × (1 for
ALT > 36.5 IU/L or 0 for others) − 0.006 × (1 for TB
> 11.15 umol/L or 0 for others), and the AUC was 0.609.
Conclusion: HBeAg was an independent risk factor for the patients with
HBeAg(+), and when the level of HBeAg was higher than 16.15 S/CO, the
patients should have a HBV-DNA test, if not , we should combine with the
level of ALT to determine the decision. For the patients with HBeAg(-),
we should evaluate the patients to have a HBV-DNA test by the levels of
ALT and TB.
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma associated to cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A systematic review.
Authors: ALVAREZ-CALDERON-IGLESIAS OSCAR , Sayáns Mario Pérez , Hurtado-Ruzza Rafael , Lendoiro-Otero Celia , Nuñez Clara Gonzalez , Lorenzo-Pouso Alejandro , Blanco-Labrador Manuel
Published: January 2024

Objective: Laryngeal chondrosarcomas (LCS) are rare tumors with good
prognosis. The coexistence of LCS and cervical metastasis of papillary
thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is scarce. The main objective of this research
was to review clinical aspects and management of LCS . A secondary
objective was to find the coexistence of LCS with cervical Lymph node
metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (LNMPTC) in all the cases
included in the search. Design: A Systematic Review was performed using
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase databases. We followed PRISMA
guidelines and the PECOS method to characterize different aspects of
LCS. Reports of laryngeal chondrosarcoma were included and information
about symptoms, imaging technique, treatment modality, histopathological
diagnosis, location, tumor size, recurrence, and follow-up data was
extracted. Results: Three hundred and eighty one cases of LCS were
included. The average age was 61.1 years. The most common symptoms were
dyspnea and hoarseness. Cricoid cartilage was the most usual location.
Survival was affected by histologic differentiation, tumoral location
and surgical technique. We identified the coexistence of LCS and PTC in
2 cases. In none of them the authors reported LNMPTC. Conclusion: The
coexistence of LCS and PTC is rare. LCS is a tumor with good prognosis.
Different approaches are described in literature.
Unnecessary gastrointestinal medication use in patients with the common cold
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Je Nam Kyung
Published: January 2024

Objectives: We evaluated the national prevalence of unnecessary GI drugs
in the prescription for the common cold in ambulatory settings and the
factors influencing this practice. Method: This cross-sectional study
used the National Patients Sample data. We identified patients aged ≥20
years diagnosed with a common cold in a primary care clinic in December,
2018. We investigated whether the prescriptions for common cold of study
subjects included any unnecessary GI medications. Demographic and
clinical factors influencing the prescription of GI drugs were explored
using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Unnecessary
utilisation of GI medications in treating colds was estimated to be
43.80%. Women were more likely to be prescribed unnecessary GI
medications (odds ratio [OR]=1.314). Among physician specialties,
paediatricians showed the lowest odds (OR=0.479), whereas surgeons
showed the highest (OR=1.655). Patients in urban and rural areas had
higher odds than those in the metropolitan areas (OR=1.742).
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use was directly related
to unnecessary GI medication prescription (OR=1.903) and the total
number of cold drugs prescribed was inversely proportional to
unnecessary GI medication use. Patients prescribed three and four or
more cold medicines were less likely to receive GI drugs at odds of
0.568 and 0.471, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the
high rate of unnecessary GI medication utilisation in common cold
treatment in Korea. Factors influencing unnecessary GI drug utilisation
were female sex, physician specialties (surgery), non-metropolitan
areas, NSAIDs use, and prescription of fewer cold drugs.
Immunological predictors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Balushi Asma Al , Shekaili Jalila Al , Kindi Mahmood Al , Ansari Zainab , Khabori Murtadha Al , Khamis Faryal , Ambusaidi Zaiyana , Balushi Afra Al , Huraizi Aisha Al , Sulaimi Sumaiya Al , Fahdi Fatma Al , Balushi Iman Al , Pandak Nenad , Fletcher Tom , Petersen Eskild , Nasr Iman
Published: January 2024

Background: Identifying immune cells involved in COVID-19 disease
progression and predictors of poor outcomes is important to manage
patients adequately. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study
enrolled 53 mild non-hospitalized and 48 hospitalized confirmed COVID-19
patients to a tertiary hospital in Oman. Results: Hospitalized patients
were older (58 years vs 36 years, p <0.001) and had more
comorbid conditions like diabetes (65 % Vs 21% p<0.001).
Hospitalized patients had significantly higher inflammatory markers
(p<0.001); C-reactive protein (CRP) (114 vs 4 mg/L),
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (33 vs 3.71pg/ml), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (417
vs 214 U/L), ferritin (760 vs 196 ng/mL), fibrinogen (6 vs 3 g/L),
D-dimer (1.0 vs 0.3 mcg/mL), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
(DIC) score (2 vs 0) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (4 vs 1.1),
(p<0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, statistically
significant independent early predictors of ICU admission or death were
higher levels of IL-6 (OR 1.03, p=0.03), frequency of large inflammatory
monocytes (CD14+CD16+) (OR 1.117, p=0.010) and frequency of circulating
naïve CD4+ T cells (CD27+CD28+CD45RA+CCR7+) (OR 0.476, p=0.03).
Conclusion: IL-6, frequency of large inflammatory monocytes, and
circulating naïve CD4 T cells can be used as independent immunological
predictors of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients to prioritize critical
care and resources.
Long-term benefit of PPOIT on Quality of Life in a Randomised Trial
Authors: DunnGalvin Audrey , Hsiao Kuang , Tang Mimi
Published: January 2024

Background: Few Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have evaluated oral
immunotherapy effects on quality of life (QoL). We previously reported
that probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) significantly improved
QoL compared with placebo, with improvement linked to achieving
sustained unresponsiveness (SU). Objective: We examined whether
PPOIT-induced QoL improvement is maintained at 4 years post-treatment.
Methods: Subjects in the PPOIT-001 RCT (n=57) completed Food Allergy
Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) and Food Allergy
Independent Measure (FAIM) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and
3-months, 12-months and 4-years post-treatment. Paired group t-test
analyses were conducted separately for PPOIT and Placebo groups at each
time point. Repeated-measures mixed ANOVAs were used to examine overall
changes from pre-treatment to 4-years post-treatment, controlling for
potential confounders. Results: N=38 (19 Placebo/19 PPOIT) completed
FAQLQ at ALL time-points. PPOIT-treated subjects had significantly
improved FAQLQ compared with placebo at 3-months, 12-months and 4-years
post-treatment. FAQLQ and FAIM scores improved significantly for PPOIT
group from pre-treatment to 4-years post-treatment (both p=0.001).
Multivariate analysis (controlling for age, sex, SU) confirmed findings,
with a very large effect size [partial eta squared=0.56]. A ‘large’
amount of peanut ingestion predicted greater improvement in FAQLQ score,
compared with avoidance, small or moderate ingestion. No changes from
baseline in FAQLQ or FAIM were shown for placebo. Conclusions: PPOIT
induced substantial improvement in FAQLQ that persisted to 4-years
post-treatment. Greatest benefit was observed in subjects ingesting
large amounts of peanut. This is the first study demonstrating
long-lasting improvement in QoL with a food allergy treatment.
NARRATIVE REVIEW A quick and comprehensive guide to differential diagnosis of neck and back pain: a narrative review
Authors: Krasin Elisha , Schermann Haggai , Snir Nimrod , Tudor Adrian , Behrbalk Eyal
Published: January 2024

The list of possible differential diagnoses for complaints of back and
neck pain is enormously long. Many proposed diagnostic workups trying to
avoid the challenge of considering all possible etiologies by early
commitment to a specific area of the spine (i.e., neck or lower back).
Others limit the differential diagnoses by pursuing a rational but
limited goal, like ruling out conditions that may result in disability
or death in the setting of an emergency department. We have briefly
described a long list of medical conditions, each of which may present
as back or neck pain, and whose prevalence ranges from common to very
rare. We then showed that they all can be assigned to one of 7 groups
according to judicious history taking, physical examination and simple
imaging and laboratory tests: (1) pain that radiates from the cranium,
chest or abdomen; (2) pain with signs of infection; (3) pain with signs
of nerve root compression; (4) pain with signs of cord or cauda
compression; (5) mechanical pain; (6) rheumatic pain; (7) pain with
other characteristics, with or without local tenderness. Further
referral to diagnostic tests and specialist consultations after initial
assignment to one of these seven categories would save the patient time
and unnecessary tests. We believe that this review and the proposed
diagnostic algorithm may be valuable for medical education and for
application in the primary care setting for the purpose of conducting a
diagnostic workup of any type of back or neck pain in all patient groups
and may be possibly used for development of diagnostic software and
machine learning.
Traditional medicines for COVID-19: perspectives from clinical pharmacologists
Authors: Yimer Getnet , Ekuadzi Edmund , Fasinu Pius , Melo Andreia Cristina de , Pillai Goonaseelan
Published: January 2024

There has always been high interest in the use of traditional medicines
for COVID-19 from early in the course of the pandemic. Significant
advances in the science of ethnopharmacology has helped to introduce
chemical entities identified from natural sources into modern medicine.
However, the wider integration of natural products into the modern drug
discovery process will require enhanced collaboration among different
stakeholders including the pharmaceutical industry, academic research
units, regulatory bodies, ethics review committees, local, regional,
continental and international organizations. Revisiting this topic holds
promise of benefit for both the current and future pandemics.
Comparison of surgery resection, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local ablation for primary large hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou luke , Chen Jian , Xie Hui , Yang Jie , Liu Lin , Li Yi
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To determine surgery resection (SR), the use of
transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the use of local
ablation, which is more effective for patients with primary large
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We assessed clinical trials
through PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to March
2020. The basic data and the overall survival (OS) were recorded. The
primary outcome was short-term and long-term survival. Results: A total
of 23 researches including 2849 patients were enrolled in the
meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated a significant improvement in
the 1-year OS (HR=2.71, 95% CI 1.75–4.22, P < 0.01), 2-year
OS (HR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.59–3.96, P < 0.01) favoring
combination therapy over monotherapy. A significant improvement in the
1-year (HR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.90–6.01, P <0.01) and 2-year (HR
= 1.96, 95% CI 1.25–3.07, P =0.003) OS favoring TACE + SR over TACE
therapy. The pooled outcome indicated that three-year OS rate (HR =
3.11, 95% CI 1.49–6.49, P =0.002) and 5-year OS (HR = 2.95, 95% CI
1.30–6.66, P =0.009) was higher in the SR group than in the TACE group.
Meta-analysis indicated that TACE+ ablation therapy was superior to
other therapy (P<0.01) except when compared with TACE+SR/ SR
(P>0.01). Conclusions: In patients with large
hepatocellular carcinoma, SR is the preferred treatment. For those
patients who cannot be operated or lack of surgical opportunity, TACE
combined with local ablation therapy may achieve better therapeutic
effect.
Nosocomial Covid-19 Infection in Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Sections: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nizam Aaron , Nimaroff Michael , Menzin Andrew , Goldberg Gary , Miyara Santiago , Molmenti Ernesto
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To determine the nosocomial infection rate in women
undergoing elective cesarean section Design: Non-randomized prospective
cohort trial Setting: Two large-volume obstetrical units at academic
institutions Population: Women undergoing elective cesarean section
during the reopening phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in New York State
Methods: Eligible patients with negative pre-operative Covid-19 reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test and IgG antibody test were
re-tested 6-9 days after discharge. Main Outcome Measures: The primary
objective was the Covid-19 test conversion rate defined as a positive
PCR test after discharge with a negative pre-operative test. This was
used as a proxy for the nosocomial infection rate. Results: No patients
with a negative PCR test pre-operatively had a positive PCR test for the
Covid-19 virus postoperatively. Conclusions: With a strict and
methodical perioperative and postpartum protocol, we can limit
nosocomial Covid-19 infections in women undergoing elective cesarean
section. Funding: No external funding was obtained for this study
Keywords: Covid-19, Cesarean Section, Nosocomial Infection
Prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women in Austria: a prospective cross-sectional study.
Authors: Zeisler Harald , Dietrich Wolf , Heinzl Florian , Klaritsch Philipp , Humpel Victoria , Wimazal Friedrich , Mörtl Manfred , Obruca Christian , Ramoni Angela , Tiechl Johanna , Wentzel-Schwarz Elisabeth
Published: January 2024

Objective To determine for the first time the prevalence of iron
deficiency (ID) in Austrian pregnant population. Design Prospective
cross-sectional multicentre study. Setting Six hospitals in Austria
Population A cohort of 425 pregnant women Methods Patients were
classified into four groups of different weeks of gestation. Group 1 was
monitored longitudinally, while groups 2 to 4, iron status was sampled
only once. Main Outcome Measures Evaluation of the prevalence of ID by
comparing the diagnostic criteria of the WHO to the cut-off proposed by
Achebe MM and Gafter-Gvili A (Achebe) and the Austrian Nutrition Report
(ANR). Results In comparison with the ANR, the prevalence of ID was
lower in group 1 and higher in group 2-4 (17.2 % vs 12.17 %, 25.84%,
35.29 % and 41.76 %, respectively) (p-values < 0.01 except
group 1). Using WHO’s definition, the prevalence in group 1 was 12,17 %
at inclusion, 2 months later 31.7% and further 2 month later 65,71 %,
respectively. Using the Achebe definition number of cases doubled (for
group 1 the number of cases rose from 13 to 42 (115 patients total); for
groups 2 through 4 we observed an increase from 112 to 230 (340 patients
total). Conclusions This study showed a prevalence of around 12 % at
the beginning of pregnancy, which increased during pregnancy up to 65
%. ID can have a massive impact on the quality of life, so that
screening would be entirely justified, as iron deficiency would be easy
to diagnose and treat.
Fish out of water: eco-evolutionary dynamics of rainbowfish populations in the desert
Authors: Attard Catherine , Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Brauer Chris , Unmack Peter , Schmarr David , Bernatchez Louis , Beheregaray Luciano
Published: January 2024

How populations of aquatic fauna persist in extreme desert environments
is an enigma. Individuals often breed and disperse during favourable
conditions. However, theory predicts that adaptive capacity should be
low in small populations, such as in desert fishes. We integrated
satellite-derived surface water data, neutral population dynamics and
adaptive evolution to understand metapopulation persistence across the
range of the desert rainbowfish, central Australia. Desert rainbowfish
showed very small population sizes, especially at peripheral
populations, and low connectivity between river catchments. Yet, there
was no evidence of population-level inbreeding and there was adaptive
divergence associated with aridity. Candidate adaptive genes included
functions related to environmental cues and stressful conditions.
Evolutionary modelling showed that selection in refugial sub-populations
combined with connectivity during flood periods can enable retention of
adaptive diversity. Our study demonstrates that adaptive evolution can
occur in small populations and integrate with neutral metapopulation
processes to allow persistence in the desert.
Pulmonary Air Embolism During Cryoballoon Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Disastrous Complication and An Extra Ordinary Management
Authors: Yildiz Bekir Serhat , Cetin Nurullah , Yorgun Hikmet , Soylu Mustafa , Aytemir Kudret
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary air embolism is a potentially lethal complication of catheter
ablation of cardiac arrythmias.We present a 50 year old man with
pulmonary embolism during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation.
Deep breath of patient while inserting the sheath into left atrium from
right femoral vein was main cause of pulmoary air embolism. Air bubble
was dispersed by hitting on it with the pigtail catheter and pulmonary
flow was achieved. The patient was discharged without any sequelae.
From Past to Present: The Journey of Female Doctors in Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology in Turkey
Authors: Incesulu Armagan , Eyigor Hulya , can ilknur haberal , Basak Hatice Sema
Published: January 2024

The journey of women in medicine has not been easy over time. It was a
common perception that their chastity would deteriorate if they would
enter medical schools and start their profession. Since ancient times,
very important civilizations, were established on the territory of what
is now known as the Republic of Turkey, and it is known that these
civilizations had female doctors. The first six female doctors, who were
accepted by the medical faculty and graduated in 1928, were an important
achievement of the Republic. The first female doctor in otolaryngology
in Turkey was Dr Hatice Bodur, and the first female academician was
Prof. Dr Nermin Başerer. The number of women otolaryngologists and
academicians increased over the years. However, their representation in
universities, academe, and professional associations is still not high;
the “male-dominated” model continues to exist in decision-making
positions.
High-temperature stability, pyrolysis kinetics and mechanism between bio-based and petro-based resins using TG-FTIR/MS
Authors: Zhou Dan , Chen Xiaopeng , Liang Jiezhen , Wei Xiaojie , Wu Chenghong , Li Wenhui , Wang Linlin
Published: January 2024

Pyrolysis behavior of bio-based resins is of increasing interest due to
their great potential in environmentally friendly and high-temperature
application. Herein, the high-temperature stability, pyrolysis kinetics
and mechanism of rosin glyceride (RGE), hydrogenated rosin glyceride
(HRGE), C9 petro-based resin (C9PR) and hydrogenated C9 petro-based
resin (HC9PR) under non-oxidizing atmosphere were investigated by
TG-FTIR/MS techniques. Based on the non-isothermal TG data, activation
energy was calculated by Friedman and Starink methods, and the
reaction-order model of f(α)=(1-α)n was found to be the most probable
pyrolysis mechanism for different resins, which was also supported by
the TG-FTIR/MS results showing only a dominating pyrolysis peak.
Furthermore, thanks to the unique tricyclic phenanthrene structures,
bio-based resins exhibit better high-temperature stability than
petro-based resins, with an initial skeleton cracking temperature of 623
K and 573 K, respectively. High-temperature stability of resins would
mildly decrease after hydromodification due to weak bonds cracking.
Possible pyrolysis pathways were proposed.
Food allergy prevention in progeny by prebiotics supplementation during pregnancy in a preclinical study
Authors: SELLE AMANDINE , Brosseau Carole , Duval Angeline , Bouchaud Gregory , Rousseaux Anais , Bruneau Aurelia , Cherbuy Claire , Mariadassou Mahendra , Cariou Veronique , Barbarot Sébastien , Bodinier Marie
Published: January 2024

Background: Food allergies (FAs) are associated with alterations in the
gut microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune tolerance. These
dysfunctions are observed in the first month of life, revealing that
early intervention is crucial for disease prevention. Nutritional
strategies such as prebiotics may reduce FAs in children. Indeed some
prebiotics such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and inulin are able to
induce tolerance, epithelial barrier reinforcementand gut microbiota
modulation, but the ideal period for intervention is unknown. Herein, we
investigated whether GOS/inulin supplementation during gestation could
protect progeny against FAs in mice. Methods: The mothers received a
control diet or an enriched diet with GOS/inulin exclusively during the
pregnancy. At the weaning, pups were intraperitoneally sensitized and
orally challenged with a wheat allergen. After the challenge pups
symptoms were evaluated and we analyzed allergic and tolerogenic
parameters. Moreover, mothers and pups fecal microbiota and short chain
fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed throughout the protocol. Results: We
demonstrated that prebiotics supplementation induced a strong
restructuration of the fecal microbiota of mice toward beneficial
strains during gestation and partially during mid-lactation. This
specific microbiota was transferred to pups and maintained to adulthood.
Moreover, B and T regulator subsets were increased in pups born from
supplemented mothers, inducing a tolerogenic environment and protecting
them against FAs. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that prebiotics
supplementation during pregnancy induces on the offspring a tolerogenic
environment and a microbial imprint, leading to a reduction of FA
development.
aíces y sueños
Authors: Ruiz Churión Jairo
Published: January 2024

El filósofo francés Jean-Marie Schaeffer nos ha persuadido de que no hay nada en la ficción que no haya salido de la realidad; por tal razón, la capacidad ficcional se constituye en piedra angular para la construcción de la realidad social, ya que la naturaleza estética de las obras de arte no es algo intrínseco a las obras, sino una dimensión humana, una capacidad que se manifiesta en la vida cotidiana, implicando que desde su voz local cualquier narrador puede afectar la realidad. Raíces y Sueños es una obra única que, en consecuencia, se acerca a lo postulado por Schaeffer; concebida desde los ojos de un hijo de Orocué, en la que prosperan bellamente, como flores acuáticas, telúricos dictados de la sangre, expresiones de genes acrisolados por hombres de a caballo.
Development Patterns of Universal Design in Residential Courtyards in the Jugla Neighbourhood
Authors: Ile Una , Bergmane Lelde
Published: January 2024

Quality and accessible outdoor living space in the immediate vicinity of one's home is an important factor in ensuring people's well-being, safety and community belonging. Access to building entrances is one of the key conditions for people to be able to reach the outdoors and enjoy equal mobility opportunities. Thus, one of the important challenges in achieving the principles and objectives of universal design on a small scale is related to building entrance areas. The building regulations at the time when most of Riga's large-scale residential areas were built did not include requirements for environmental accessibility solutions. Most of the entrance areas of residential buildings and adjacent areas were constructed according to the construction practices of the time, using concrete steps to connect the carriageway level with the staircase doors. The study therefore includes conceptual solutions for environmental accessibility in building entrance areas - existing locations with specific environmental characteristics that would be applicable to as many building entrances as possible, regardless of the location of the buildings.
Molecular weights and optimum temperature and pH for pepsin activity of three sciaenid finfish species from the Gulf of California
Authors: Perez-Velazquez Martin , Maldonado-Othón Carlos , González-Félix Mayra
Published: January 2024

By-products from finfish processing from fisheries and aquaculture are often discarded. However, the enzymatic content of viscera has potential biotechnological and industrial applications. Such is the case for the sciaenids Cynoscion othonopterus, Cynoscion xanthulus, and Cynoscion parvipinnis, which are food and game fishes from the Gulf of California and whose viscera are commonly discarded after fish dressing. In this study, optimum temperature and pH for activity, as well as molecular weights of pepsin from the stomach of C. othonopterus, C. xanthulus, and C. parvipinnis were evaluated for the first time. Pepsin molecular weights were 30, 32.1, and 32.3 kDa, respectively. The highest activity of pepsin against hemoglobin was recorded between 40 and 45?C for C. othonopterus and C. xanthulus and at 40?C for C. parvipinnis. The optimum pH was 2.0 for the three sciaenids. Biochemical characteristics were comparable to pepsins from other marine and freshwater fish species, so they could likely be used in some processes using this enzyme, like collagen extraction, fish silage production, or fish processing, among others.
Small States in World Politics: Norwegian Interests and Foreign Policy Challenges in the Arctic
Authors: Steinveg Beate
Published: January 2024

Small states are perceived to be subject to the will of great powers in the international system. Yet, small states – such as Norway – also have interests they pursue through various means. This article features an inventory of the Norwegian government’s main foreign policy and Arctic policy interests, and examines the rationale behind these interests from a domestic and an international perspective. The article highlights Norway’s challenges in the Arctic, including balancing between Russia and NATO, Norway’s bilateral relationship with the United States, dealing with China as an emerging Arctic stakeholder, and Norway’s ambivalent relationship with the European Union concerning the Arctic. The analysis draws on theorizing about small states in world politics and Putnam’s two-level game. The latter facilitates the examination of how the Norwegian government must reconcile domestic and international priorities simultaneously, and how the negotiation of foreign policy is conducted as a balancing act in national and international arenas.
ANALISIS ATRIBUT APA SAJA YANG HARUS DIPERTAHANKAN DAN DITINGKATKAN KINERJANYA DI RUMAH MAKAN AYAM GEMPREK MAS BOY DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Tiara Bunga Ambar , Hudoyo Agus , Marlina Lina
Published: January 2024

The service performance of a restaurant is important in maintaining customers. This study aims to analyze the service attributes that need to be maintained and improved in the performance of the restaurant. This research is located at the Rumah Makan Ayam Geprek Mas Boy in Bandar Lampung. Data collection was carried out in May - June 2022. The importance and performance of the restaurant attributes were scored on a Likert scale. Data collection uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of samples in this study was 60 respondents. The research method used was a survey method and the determination of the research location was carried out purposively. The analytical method used is the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. There are 18 attributes studied and divided into 3 groups, namely product, attention, and facilities. The results of the research showed that there are 18 attributes that are considered important by consumers. There are 16 attributes that are considered to satisfy the consumers of Rumah Makan Ayam Geprek Mas Boy. There are 10 attributes that need to be maintained at the Rumah Makan Ayam Geprek Mas Boy. Key words: attributes, importance, perfomance