bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Saphenous Vein Graft and Radial Artery Graft in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Salman Malik , Rahim Syed Sardar , Kamran Khan Ahmad , Pannu Furqan Yaqub , Ahmed Bilal , Iqbal Shahid , Afshan S. , Shafqat Amna
Published: December 2021

Background: To bypass the obstruction in native coronary arteries both arterial and venous grafts are used. Inspite of having radial artery graft as a favored second conduit for bypass, venous grafts are more frequently used. Objective: To compare the CT angiography patency findings of radial artery graft vs. saphenous vein graft 3 months postoperatively. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings: The study was conductedat the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Data Collection: All patients fulfilling theinclusioncriteria were recruited. A written informed consentwastaken. The non-dominant arm was used almostexclusively forharvesting the radial artery in those patients who have positive modified Allen`s test as a pedicle by atraumatic "no-touch" technique. After heparanization, it was immersed in diluted solution (Inj. verapamil hydrochloride 5mg + Inj. nitroglycerin 2.5mg + Inj. heparin 500 IU + Inj. ringer lactate 300 ml with Inj. 8.4% NaHCO3 0.9 m1). All the patients in the study received LIMA to LAD and were done on pump. After that the patients were dividedinto2 groups namely Group I and Group II by computer generated method. In Group I, the patient received the radial artery as a second graft to a coronary having more than 90% stenosis. The third or fourth graft if required is saphenous vein graft. The group II had SVG as second, third or fourth grafts, one of the venous grafts were to a coronary having more than 90% stenosis. Results: Average age of all (n=62) patients was 38.82±9.93 years. Average age in Group-I & II patients was 39.09±9.49 & 38.54±10.50 years respectively. Among patients 47% were male and 53% were female patients. In Group-I, 12 (38.7%) of the patients were male, and 19 (67.3%) were female, whereas in Group-II, 17 (54.8%) of the patients were male, and 14 (45.8%) were female. In Group-I 1(3.2%) patient and in Group-II 3(9.7%) patients died (p=0.301). Insignificant difference was seen for cardiac arrhythmias i.e. Group-I:16.1% vs. Group-II: 19.4%, p=0.740. Myocardial infarction in Group-A 5(16.1%) patients and in Group-B 7(22.6%) (p=0.520). In Group-A, 30(96.8%) patients and in Group-B, 28(90.3%) patients showed patency of artery after coronary artery bypass grafting(P>0.05). Conclusion: We discovered no significant difference in the patency of both radial artery and saphenous vein grafts on 3 months postoperative CT angiography and clinical outcomes in terms of perioperative mortality, MI, and cardiac arrhythmias in patients who underwent CABG in this study. Keywords: radial artery graft, saphenous vein graft, coronary artery bypass grafting, Myocardial Infarction, Mortality, Cardiac arrhythmias
Exploring the Impact of Exam Anxiety by Using Vas Scale Among Students of Private Medical College Pakistan
Authors: Rehman Farah , Wajid Gohar , Nisa Hifsa un , Ayyub Amna , Israr Shahbano , Mahmood Hamid , Afshan Shamila
Published: December 2021

Background:To assess examination related anxiety among medical students by using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and to explore the factors adding to exam anxiety among medical students. Objectives: The study was conducted to investigate Exam anxiety and its influencing factors on medical and dental students at the Private Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan, The study was conducted to exploring exam anxiety and its influencing factors on medical and dental students of Private Medical College, Lahore- Pakistan Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from central park medical college Lahore. The survey included statements about the demographic profile of the study participants and used the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).Pre- designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The multiple rounds of data collection were done. The data was analyzed by SPSS 24. Chi- square test was applied to obtain the required results. Results: Sign andsymptoms regarding exam anxiety among male and female students of different years of MBBS showed mild anxiety level during exams in male 20(14.8%) compared with female students showed 14(8.5%), moderate anxiety among males observed in 3rdyear 29(67.4%) compared with female of the same years was moderately high as 43(78.2%), maximum anxiety among 2ndyears male and femalestudents as 21(63.6%) versus 30(65.2%) respectively with p=0.001 showed there is statistically significant difference among anxiety level of male and female medical students. Conclusion: This study indicates moderate level of exam anxiety based on a Visual Analogue Scale in students of a medical college and also highlights factors such as extensive course load, lack of exercise and long duration of exams which contribute to Exam Anxiety. Keywords: Visual Analogue Scale, Exam Anxiety, Anxiety
Frequency of Port Site Wound Infection with and Without End Gloves Techniques of Retrieval of Gallbladder in Pouch
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Saleem Raha Maryum , Shamim Seth Uzma , Taha Kamal Mohammad , Nawazish Al Anum , Wyne Adeel
Published: December 2021

Background: The gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits just beneath the right lobe of the liver. Chief functioning of gallbladder is to store gall, also known as bile that is required for digestion of food. Removing gallbladder through small incision in the abdomen is called laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Among benefits of cholecystectomy are decreased need for postoperative analgesia, decreased postoperative pain and shortened hospital stay from 1 week to less than 24 hours. Objective: To compare the frequency of port site wound infection with and without endogloves techniques of retrieval of gallbladder in pouch after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculus cholecystitis. Design: It was a randomized controlled trial. Study Settings: This study was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Midland Doctors Medical Institute Tandali Muzaffarabad from July 2019 to July 2021 Material and Methods: A total of 260 cases who fulfilled inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study through wards of Department of General Surgery. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Two groups were made by random division of patients. Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in patients of group I. Through umbilical port gall-bladder was retrieved in these patients, exactly spot on by a sterile surgical hand glove endobag. Vicryl “O” with J-shaped needle was used to close 10mm umbilical port (fascial defect) and 5mm ports were conventionally closed. In patients of group II, conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and gall-bladder was retrieved as in patients of group I but without using surgical sterile hand glove endobag. Results: The mean age of the patients in study group was 48.09±15.402 years and in control group it was 47.51±16.48 years. Male to female ratio was 1.06:1. The post-op wound infection was found in 11 (4.23%) patients. Statistically significant difference was found in groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of endoglove technique of retrieval of gallbladder in pouch after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculus cholecystitis is safe, cheap, simple and potentially reduces significant port site wound infection compared to without endogloves. Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Endoglove, Gallbladder (GB).
An Evaluation of Success Rate of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Saleem M Wahid , Wajid Lubna , Ali Shahid
Published: December 2021

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy at tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Between July 2020 to December 2020, total 50 patients having age between 20-60 years, both gender, cases of epiphora, cases with evidence of obstruction were recruited from Department of ENT, DG Khan Medical Collge, DG Khan. Success of DCR was evaluated. Results: Fifty cases were selected for this study. Age range was 20-40 years with mean age 38.80 ± 8.74 years. DCR was successful in 47 (94%) patients while in 3 (6%) patients surgery was not successful. Male patients were 35 (70%) while female patients were 15 (30%). Surgical success was noted in 33 (94.29%) male patients and 14 (93.33%) female patients. Insignificant (P = 1.00) association between surgical success and gender was noted. Conclusion: In this study high success rate of DCR was noted. Males were prominent. Most of the patients were between 20-40 years and no association of success of surgery with age group and gender found. Keywords: Dacryocystorhinostomy, Epiphora, Intubation, Chronic dacryocystitis
Diagnostic Accuracy of MRC in Benign and ML in Obstructive Jaundice Patients, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Naseem Kamran , Hassan Malik Mudasir , Nisar Sarah
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Radiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur October 2019 to April 2020. A total of 164 patients with suspected cases of obstructive jaundice and age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Then magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in every patient by 1.5 Tesla MR System using a torso phased-array coil. After this, each patient was undergone operation in the concerned ward. Findings of MRCP were compared with the findings of histopathology. Results: In MRCP positive patients, 78 were true positive (TP) and 13 were false positive (FP). Among 73, MRCP negative patients, 08 were false negative (FN) whereas 65 were True Negative (TN). Overall specificity, sensitivity, NPV, PPV and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in benign and malignant lesions in patients of obstructive jaundice, taking histopathology as gold standard was 90.70%, 83.33%, 85.71%, 89.04% and 87.20% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the non-invasive modality of choice with diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing in benign and malignant lesions in obstructive jaundice patients. Keywords: obstructive jaundice, sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging.
Transmesoamericanas nepantleras: mujeres, energía y decolonización
Authors: Aguilera Cano Alejandra
Published: December 2021

This work presents the experience with indigenous women in Mesoamerica establishing a relationship between gender and energy, drawing the attention of injustices translated into energetic racism that perpetuates the feminization of poverty, non the less leading to a defense of life and territory manifesting in the women-led “web of life” decolonizing territories, as internal and external borders like «Nepantleras».
La lucha contra la ronda petrolera en México: el antagonismo del pueblo zoque de Chiapas
Authors: Domínguez Fermín Ledesma
Published: December 2021

In the humid Mexican tropics, the State has been promoting an undercovered internal extractivism based on oil revenues to integrate the area into national development through energy matrix projects since the 1950´s. However, on June 22, 2017, Zoque communities managed to suspend the government’s flagship project, the 2.2 oil round that sought to extract 239 million barrels of oil from 10 indigenous municipalities in Chiapas. This article reflects on the political action of Movimiento Indígena del Pueblo Creyente Zoque en Defensa de la Vida y la Tierra (ZODEVITE) that is unfolding under the encyclical of the Laudato Sí of Pope Francis, in northern Chiapas.
K’usil balumil: ecología política y tierra en la autonomía zapatista
Authors: Massadar Morel Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

The zapatista movement is known for the construction of an autonomous existence that crosses the different spheres of their lives. In this article, based on fieldwork carried out in Los Altos de Chiapas, we propose to focus on the conceptions of political ecology and land in the own zapatista’s terms. When the relationship between the emergence of epidemics and deforestationis made explicit, the decolonial zapatista thinking becomes even more important. According to this perespective, humanity is not an entity isolated from the environment, but the k’usil balumil (earth) is a great network of relationships formed by human and non-human beings. For the planet to be healthy, it is necessary to respect the yajval (gods).
Imaginar otro mundo con la literatura: la indigenización de la modernidad en «Almanac of the Dead» de Leslie Marmon Silko
Authors: Hu Jing
Published: December 2021

Keywords: decoloniality, modernity, literary imagination, Almanac of the Dead
Editorial
Authors: López Aida Luz , Ávila Sofía
Published: December 2021

En lenguas diversas se entretejen diálogos colectivos de resistencia para garantizar la reproducción material y simbólica de la vida, para la defensa del agua, los bosques, los ríos, las selvas. En estos diálogos también se reinventan las identidades y se construyen nuevas formas de relación entre los seres humanos y no humanos. Para sostener de manera inmediata la vida colectiva, los feminismos indígenas y negros desafían la herencia, moderna, colonial y patriarcal del capitalismo y al mismo tiempo abren y expanden la comprensión de la lucha por los derechos al terr-i-torio, al mar-i-torio y la defensa de sus autonomías.
Grupo México: Epítome de la deshumanización y la barbarie del extractivismo
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Sol
Published: December 2021

The hegemonic development discourse continues to promote mining as an activity that generates progress despite the considerable evidence to the contrary. The article analyzes Grupo Mexico’s history, the largest mining consortium in the country, as part of the power elite. It shows how it achieved a monopoly of the leading copper deposits in the north of the country thanks to its alliances with the Mexican State. Later on, we present the cartography of the expansion of its operations in the north of the country, including the opening of controversial mining projects in strategic areas for biodiversity conservation such as the Sea of Cortés, the Baja California peninsula and, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Michoacán. Therefore, it is argued that it is important to consider companies’ environmental and social records when evaluating mining concessions’ renewal or revocation.
Ti-Punch, ron y sexo: un acercamiento ecofeminista literario al mundo de la plantación
Authors: Couti Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Raphaël Tardon’s 1946 short story «La Rédemption de Barbaroux» was published in the wake of the French departmentalization law that changed the status of Martinique from a colony to a French overseas department. A (Black) feminist approach to ecocriticism used as a lens to study Tardon’s text manifests the twisted ways Plantation and rum production depend on the gendering of the land and the oppression of female bodies. Tardon brings to the fore an early discussion of the concept known nowadays as the plantationocene. He explores the effect of the colonial past and the impact of Plantation world and its logics, framework on the environment, the body, the economy, and social and human relationships. Thus, in 1946, Tardon also lays bare the foundation for what Malcom Ferdinand calls une écologie décoloniale (a decolonial ecology).
La cancelación del proyecto del Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de México (NAIM): resistencia socioambiental en el lago de Texcoco
Authors: Zolla Márquez Emiliano
Published: December 2021

This article explores how the Frente de Pueblos en Defensa de la Tierra, a peasant organization from the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico, created a political space to protest against the construction of Mexico City’s New International Airport (NAIM). It describes how a traditional peasant movement managed to renew its political struggle by incorporating a socio-environmental discourse, based on the protection of water sources, the fight against climate change and the conservation of a system of wetlands that sustain the life of all the inhabitants of Mexico’s Central Basin.
Covid-19 Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih Masyarakat Muslim
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Jubba Hasse , Maysharah Siti
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease also known as Covid-19 forces society to adapt and change to encounter and stop its spread. Maintaining personal and environmental cleanliness is the method suggested by WHO and the government for dealing with the pandemic. Islam has taught about the virtue of cleanliness in the Quran and hadith long before the Covid-19 pandemic. Likewise, religious authorities such as the MUI issued a fatwa on the topic long before the coronavirus arrived in Indonesia. This research used the literature review method to understand Muslim society's awareness of cleanliness and the impact of Covid-19 on its behaviors. It discovered that the ideal expected of Islam to be aware of cleanliness still showed a gap over the reality that occurred, particularly in Indonesia, which has the world's largest Muslim population. However, the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has had a positive impact on personal cleanliness. According to a BPS survey, the majority of respondents are more likely to adopt hygiene behavior. Furthermore, Islamic organizations such as MUI, Muhammadiyah, and NU have long emphasized the importance of maintaining personal and environmental cleanliness. One of the lessons of the Covid-19 pandemic is the importance of cleanliness, particularly in daily life.
La relevancia del Derecho Antártico frente los desafíos regionales y el papel primordial de Argentina y Chile en su fortalecimiento.
Authors: Arpi Bruno
Published: January 2022

La comunidad Antártica ha desarrollado un sistema jurídico, conceptualizado aquí como Derecho Antártico, para abordar los problemas particulares de la región. Este régimen jurídico regional ha regulado las actividades humanas en el continente antártico y sus aguas circundantes durante las últimas seis décadas. A pesar de gozar en la actualidad con la gran aceptación de la sociedad internacional, se observa un análisis abrumadoramente crítico al régimen jurídico Antártico por parte de algunos académicos antárticos, argumentando en favor del establecimiento de un régimen de global o universal para la región. Estos planteos, que no son nuevos y se los consideraba superados, tienen relevancia para Estados como Argentina y Chile quienes han mantenido una postura uniforme y constante a través de la historia: debe ser la comunidad Antártica quien tenga la responsabilidad de regular la región en interés de toda la humanidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo por lo tanto responder a dichas críticas, resaltando la importancia de la naturaleza jurídica regional del Derecho Antártico ante los desafíos regionales, y al mismo tiempo, enfatizando el papel que ha jugado y deben continuar jugando Argentina y Chile en su fortalecimiento.
International Word “аванс” in Russian and Bulgarian languages: comparative analysis
Authors:   Penza State University, Barabash Olga , Pencheva Antonia ,   University of National and World Economy
Published: December 2021

The article examines the functioning of the international word "аванс", formed from the French "avance" in the Russian and Bulgarian languages. By comparing the existing semantic capacity of the concept of "аванс" in the Russian, Bulgarian and French languages, the article reveals the nationally specific components of the meanings of these lexical units. The correlation of the secondary meanings recorded in the Slavic languages in question with the accompanying set of lexical and semantic variants of the original French word is established. The authors come to the conclusion that the translation of the international word “аванс” from Russian into Bulgarian in certain contexts requires the method of concretization, while the reverse translation requires the method of generalization.
Some Methodological Principles in Specialized FLT for the Professional Sphere
Authors:   University for National and World Economy, Vasileva Silviya
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the necessity to apply specific methodological principles in FLT for professional purposes due to the increasing interest of learners towards such training. The focus is on the essence of the concept of specialized economic language and on the method of Task-Based Approach. The necessary strategies for its application are also mentioned. The development of the skill for active linguistic performance is promoted mainly by the implementation of minimally structured training situations (authenticity). The constructivist principle of creating polymodular conditions, including the personal experience of the learner so as to stimulate the solution of the given problem are mentioned. For this purpose the specialized content and its peculiarities together with its exact location in the vertical stratification of specialized language are emphasized. The process of working with specialized text and one of the descriptors of CEFR are discussed. When working, the principles of subject-specific aspects are taken into consideration, placing the importance on the quality of teaching materials instead of their quantity, and prioritizing the sistematicity and the orientation of the content over the form.
Linguistic Speech as a Challenge for the Translator and the Foreign Language Tuition
Authors:   Sofia University, Milanov Vladislav
Published: December 2021

The current article examines Bulgarian public political speech as a challenge for the professional translators and as a series of political messages addressed to young people who study at higher educational institutions in Bulgaria. The article analyses the perception of clichéd constructions as well as the models of speech aggression which are widely practiced in different discussion formats such as election campaign debates, parliamentary control, public debates on TV where important public issues are discussed. The observations on the presidential election campaign in 2021 are also presented as well as the perception of the political messages by the nominees. The main conclusion from the scientific study shows that both Bulgarians and foreigners face problems with the grammatically correct sentence constructions behind which there is a minimum of information. The study also confirms the hypothesis that foreign students in Bulgaria recognize a number of common features between the political speech in our country and in their home countries. The clichés and the speech aggression are present in the global political speech as a component which defines the models of public speech and Bulgaria is no exception from that. A similar conclusion can be made about the interconnection between political and journalistic speech where the following common speech features can be recognized: inability to listen to the interlocutor; politicians slide over journalistic questions; the “self” overexposure, etc.
The Artist Petar Dachev in Plamak Magazine
Authors:   Regional History Museum – Dobrich, Miteva Kremena
Published: December 2021

The article has a cultural-historical character, aiming to briefly present the biography and the first steps in art of an unfamous Bulgarian artist - Peter Dachev, as 2021 marks 125 years since his birth. What is taken into consideration are the reviews for his debut solo exhibition in Sofia in 1924, which impressed the art critics of the time with its originality and modernity. Special emphasis is placed on the artist’s presence on the pages of Plamak Magazine – an issue not previously taken into account. Based on archival information, it became known and commented that Peter Dachev made an attempt at fiction writing in Geo Milev’s edition, where the artist wrote under a pen name. The study is richly illustrated, with some of the images being published for the first time.
Crowded Probabilities in Tests for the Presence of Infection
Authors:   University of Economics – Varna, Lambova Margarita , Stoyanova Vanya ,   University of Economics – Varna
Published: December 2021

In the presentation, problems have been addressed in perception and popular delusions in the interpretation of information related to the level of confidence / uncertainty of tests by which the presence or absence of contamination is verified. The theoretical essence of the probabilities of a false positive and false negative result, as well as the level of confidence / uncertainty of the test results and on this basis there are assumptions about the perception of such information and possible misconceptions in its interpretation by society. Assumptions made are checked on the information based on a non-reporting survey. The results obtained reveal user difficulties in rationalizing and interpreting the data provided as well as when detecting logical links characteristic of such information.
E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Research
Authors:   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Gocheva Margarita , Kasakliev Nikolay ,   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Somova Elena ,   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic changed our way of life, affected many industries, and had a major impact on education. The paper presents observations and analyses of the challenges raised by the short adaptation time of the learning process and the caused technical, academic, and communication difficulties. An overview of the distinctive features of e-learning during crises, with special attention to communication, feedback and pedagogical approaches in an electronic environment, has been made. Empirical research of the opinion of students and teachers about online learning was conducted. The used research methods are survey and direct observation. Special attention is paid to the results of the survey, which are presented and discussed in detail.
INFORMAL LINGUISTIC TOURNAMENTS
Authors:   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Zlatilov Veselin
Published: December 2021

The paper is dedicated to the development of the informal linguistic tournaments of the Knowledge Workshop and their role in the preparation of students in linguistics. Problems from some tournaments and their solutions are presented.
Introduction to Computer Programming Through a System of Tasks
Authors:   New Bulgarian University, Laskov Lasko M.
Published: December 2021

Computer programming is a fundamental discipline in many academic programs, especially in the fields of informatics, applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Despite its popularity, computer programming courses does not possess a widely-accepted methodology for its structure, and because of this reason, even introductory courses highly differ in their curriculum, approach, complexity, and even technical background. In this paper we propose a methodology for introductory computer programming course structure definition that is based on the concept of notion formation through a system of tasks. The approach is intended to be applied in the context of academic education, but it is also applicable in the last years of high-school courses.
Study of Compositions for Selective Water Isolation in Gas Wells
Authors:   Mining Institute – Saint Petersburg, AL-Obaidi S.H. , Hofmann Miel ,   Mining Institute – Saint Petersburg, Smirnov V.I. ,   Mining Institute – Saint Petersburg, Khalaf F. H. ,   Knowledge University – Erbil, Alwan H.H. ,   Knowledge University – Erbil
Published: December 2021

A hydrophobic composition containing water repellents and highly volatile solvents is shown in this study to isolate water from the bottomhole formation zone of gas wells and reduce as much as possible the saturation of pore spaces with water. During injection, this composition shows selectivity and mostly penetrates water-saturated porous media. The study shows that the injection of such composition into porous media has a high water-insulating effect, reducing the water permeability of water-saturated porous media by 35 times with a degree of water isolation of 97%. Moreover, while injecting, it has selective action, mainly penetrating water-saturated media rather than gas-saturated media. As a result of injecting 0.91 to 0.99 pore volumes (pv) of the composition, the Qwater/Qgas ratio reaches 5.22 to 5.26, indicating high selectivity.
On the Sound, Produced by a Coin, Rolling in a Balloon
Authors:   Sofia High School of Mathematics “Paisiy Hilendarski”, Vasileva Denitsa
Published: December 2021

Balloons may be a thing children love playing with, but they also have different interesting physical properties such as the sound that is produced when something is put inside a balloon. The phenomenon of interest of this article is the one of gently rolling a coin in a balloon and exploration of the sound produced by this movement. It turns out that when a coin with edges is put in a balloon and is being rolled a buzzing sound is produced which varies in frequencies depending on the count of edges of the coin. This can be observed in non-laboratory conditions. Not many experiments have been conducted to explore this phenomenon.
Trends in Tourism in Recent Years
Authors:   “Ivan P. Pavlov” Vocational School of Tourism, Bonev Ivan
Published: December 2021

The text describes the essence of tourism. The statistical researches for the development of tourism and its digitalization are considered. The characteristics of the old and the new tourist are analyzed and compared. Statistical data related to the number of tourists who visited Bulgaria for the period from January 2019 to July 2021 are presented. Visits to Bulgaria as a tourist destination are considered in comparison with the visits of tourists from other countries. The number of Bulgarian tourists visiting other countries is also reported.
Innovative Teaching Methods in the Electronic Environment
Authors:   “Ivan P. Pavlov” Vocational School of Tourism, Simeonova Hristiyana
Published: December 2021

In this article we will look at what innovative methods can be used in view of e-learning. In the last two and a half years, education changeд completely, both in Bulgaria and in the world. This is because of the global pandemic that humanity is struggling with. All teachers, students and people in the educational environment have fundamentally changed the way they work. The main goal is to receive quality education.
Contemporary Intercultural Educational Programs for Ethnographic and Historical Museum
Authors:   Sofia University, Markova Mira , Vitanova Elena ,   Sofia University
Published: December 2021

This article presents the main dimensions of the intercultural educational environment, systematized in the framework of research on contemporary intercultural educational programs for ethnographic and historical museums. In this context, the results of a study of the opinion of teachers on the need and importance of the implementation of intercultural educational programs for ethnographic and historical museums have been interpreted.
Control and Self-control in Physical Education and Sports Classes
Authors:   P. Kr. Javorov Secondary School, Yorgova Snezhana
Published: December 2021

A person forms as a personality in the process of his/her social life: during one’s school life, work, communication with people. During studying, training and especially during Physical Education and Sports classes, students undergo a big physical and emotional stress: quickly changing conditions, the ability to obey common rules and requirements, respect towards others contribute to the development of such personal features as strong will, self-control, self-confidence, endurance, discipline.
Música y emocionalidad: efectos de la música sobre el estado de ánimo y la memoria verbal
Authors: Moltrasio Julieta , Dominguez Florencia , Detlefsen Verónica , Rubinstein Wanda
Published: December 2021

Los estímulos emocionales son mejor recordados que los estímulos neutros. La música, como estímulo emocional, modula la memoria de estímulos de otra modalidad; puede cambiar el estado de ánimo y generar un mejor recuerdo de material congruente con él (hipótesis de congruencia). El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el efecto de la música activante y relajante sobre la memoria verbal emocional en adultos jóvenes, y analizar el efecto de la congruencia del estado de ánimo sobre el tipo de material recordado. Se les administró una lista de palabras, positivas, negativas y neutras, a 33 adultos. Se utilizó música positiva activante yrelajante, o ruido blanco, como tratamiento post-aprendizaje. Se midió el estado de ánimo. Se les tomó una tarea de recuerdo inmediato. Los resultados indicaron un mejor recuerdo de palabras totales y negativas en el recuerdo libre en sujetos expuestos a música activante. La música activante y relajante generó disminución de la ansiedad, en tanto que la condición control generó un aumento de la hostilidad. Estos resultados apoyan la idea de que la música puede ser utilizada como tratamiento para modular recuerdos verbales, aunque no se halló efecto de congruencia con el estado de ánimo.
Niña Mariela ¿qué tienen en común un Hogar y un Hospital?
Authors: Martín Ramiro Pérez
Published: December 2021

En Argentina, la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental, Nº 26.657, del año 2010, indica disponer de un presupuesto determinado para realizar cambios particularmente significativos en las instituciones donde se internan pacientes por motivos de salud mental. Se promueve, en todo el país, la internación voluntaria o involuntaria en hospitales generales, a la vez que se anticipa el cierre de los hospitales especializados en salud mental. Sin embargo, algunas características demográficas y la marcada falta de accesibilidad a recursos especializados a lo largo del país permiten ubicar una fundada duda a dicha propuesta, aunque se dispusiera de los recursos indicados y, más aún, si se pretenden preservar los valiosos derechos que están en el espíritu de la Ley. El presente artículo se propone ilustrar y fundamentar clínicamente esta posición con el caso de la niña Mariela, en relación a pacientes de salud mental de todas las edades y criticar este aspecto de la Ley, señalando el riesgo para los usuarios de no crear sistemas de salud mental públicos de complejidad creciente accesibles a toda la población del país.
Características de un dispositivo ambulatorio intensivo en el tratamiento de trastornos por uso de sustancias
Authors: Berrio Cuartas Diana Milena , Hurtado Márquez Ana Karina , Bovino Timoteo
Published: December 2021

El trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS) altera significativamente el rendimiento social, familiar y laboral del paciente, así como su salud física y mental. El Dispositivo Pavlovsky (DP), cuyas características se describen en este artículo, tiene una modalidad de tratamiento de carácter ambulatorio e intensivo para usuarios cuyo estado de gravedad no requiere internación, pero sí un abordaje de mayor intensidad que los tratamientos ambulatorios tradicionales. El DP, creado en Buenos Aires, Argentina, tiene una batería de propuestas terapéuticas protocolizadas dentro de un marco preestablecido, adaptadas a las necesidades del paciente. Debido a su carácter intensivo, brinda mayor contención psíquica y promueve la abstinencia en los usuarios, quienes por su patología presentan rasgos comunes de ambivalencia a suspender el consumo de las sustancias problema. La propuesta terapéutica se caracteriza por ofrecer y promover el uso de herramientas y estrategias para la vida cotidiana a partir de terapia grupal intensiva, individual, consulta psiquiátrica, toxicológica, asistencia a talleres, formación de una red participativa, a los cuales se les brinda un espacio grupal de contención, orientado a la psicoeducación en el acompañamiento al paciente. El DP cuenta con equipos interdisciplinarios con diversos marcos teóricos. Sus profesionales mantienen comunicación fluida, con espacios formales de intercambio, actuando en la direccionalidad de los tratamientos en general y profundizando cada caso en particular.
Epidemia en Buenos Aires
Authors: Stagnaro Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

Epidemia por fiebre amarilla en Buenos Aires de 1871.
Arqueología de La Cordillera Andina de Mérida. Timote, Chibcha y Arawako
Authors: Gordones Gladys , Meneses Lino
Published: December 2021

A mediados del siglo XX el antropólogo venezolano Miguel Acosta Saignes (1954) propuso el término "Timoto-Cuicas", para denominar al área cultural andina. Esta definición y sus diversas variantes influyeron en la discusión sobre el poblamiento de la región andina venezolana y en especial de la región andina merideña. Esta influencia se ha mantenido con mucha fuerza en los círculos de enseñanza donde ha permanecido el término "Timoto-Cuica" para referirse a los "indígenas" que habitaron la Cordillera Andina de Mérida antes de la llegada de los europeos. El / la lector / ra de la obra encontrará nuevas evidencias arqueológicas, documentales u lingüísticas que han respondido a la complejidad y diversidad étnica que existió en la Cordillera Andina merideña antes de la llegada de los europeos.
El patrimonio como eje para el desarrollo
Authors: García Magdalena , Crespo Lucie , Coria Ana
Published: December 2021

El patrimonio, cultural o natural, actual o histórico, está siempre en riesgo y más aún si la justificación de su resguardo no cuenta con bases sólidas. Lo anterior deja al descubierto, por un lado, la vulnerabilidad que cualquier patrimonio enfrenta y, por otro lado, la importancia de la participación de los académicos, las autoridades y la población en general para identificar y establecer estrategias para su conservación sustentable y a largo plazo. Aún y cuando instancias como La UNESCO u organismo gubernamentales y de la sociedad civil hacen grandes esfuerzos en esta materia, el camino para lograrlo no es único y tampoco está bien definido. En este libro se revisan conceptos básicos para la valoración e interpretación del patrimonio que pueden servir de base para su aprovechamiento y apropiación a partir de casos de estudio en México. También se exploran casos en los que el patrimonio no siempre tiene un efecto positivo entre los actores involucrados, lo que lleva a la reflexión de que también hay que evaluar el efecto social y comunitario. Por otro lado se exploran estrategias que se pueden establecer para conservar el patrimonio y que al mismo tiempo sirvan como eje para el desarrollo económico y social. Las editoras de este libro tenemos la expectativa de que las diversas perspectivas aquí conjuntadas sobre el patrimonio como fenómeno social, puedan servir para trazar nuevas formas de abordarlo en colaboración con los ámbitos académico, social, cultural y económico.
El Lugar de los abuelos. Arqueología y pueblos originarios en América Latina
Authors: Rodríguez Lidia
Published: December 2021

El lugar de los abuelos, allí donde habita lo ancestral, de donde abreva lo comunitario, es un espacio presente en la cosmovisión de diversos pueblos originarios del mundo. Se abordan tres contextos latinoamericanos: desde Santa Ana del Valle, se explora el comunitarismo y la preservación identitaria en México; en Guambia, la recuperación del territorio originario en Colombia y con el valle de Tiwanaku, el fortalecimiento comunitario y la transformación del Estado en Bolivia. Se presenta la relevancia del fenómeno étnico en América Latina en torno a la arqueología, la defensa del patrimonio cultural y del territorio, como elementos fundamentales del proyecto de vida comunitaria, y como alicientes de las niñas étnicas de los pueblos originarios, en donde la carga histórica ancestral se expresa en lo cotidiano
La jurisdicción especial indígena en Venezuela como derecho propio
Authors: Aguilar Vladimir , Marciales Guillermo , Mejías Vercilio
Published: December 2021

Este libro es el resultado de procesos de acompañamientos prácticos y teóricos de los autores y coautores. En consecuencia, es un grito de urgencia frente a un derecho positivo reconocido en tensión y disputa con el derecho propio indígena. De acuerdo a la Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (CRBV), podemos afirmar que la jurisdicción especial indígena tiene un sentido amplio (artículo 119) y un sentido estricto (artículo 260). Ambas se complementan y una determina la otra. Para administrar justicia se debe tener territorio, y su existencia es consustancial con el ejercicio de derechos reconocidos en los espacios ocupados de manera ancestral y tradicional por los pueblos indígenas del país. El libro pretende ser un aporte a las maneras de armonizar derecho positivo con derecho propio en espacios ricos en diversidad cultural y biológica. Se trata de un diálogo jurídico de saberes interculturales normativos. Una lectura desde la diferencia jurídica es clave para que un contrato social contentivo de derechos distintos pueda hacerse efectivo ya que, hasta ahora, tenemos una carta magna pendiente de materialización.
Una Historia de las Criaturas de Wajari. Pueblos Indígenas y Colonización del Orinoco Medio.
Authors: Mansutti Alexander
Published: December 2021

Una historia de las criaturas de Wajari" recrea los procesos de movilidad de los pueblos indígenas del Orinoco Medio ocurridos a partir del momento en el que se empiezan a sentir los efectos sobre el poblamiento de la presencia europea en el continente y cómo estos procesos van cambiando a medida que la presencia europeizante se va consolidando. Para ello, nos centramos en caracterizar como los impactos de las enfermedades, la violencia y el despoblamiento fueron transformando las condiciones sociales de producción y reproducción de los pueblos allí presentes y que determinaron la desaparición de unos y el protagonismo emergente de otros, confirmando así aquella conclusión según la cual, los factores del despoblamiento terminaron haciendo fuertes a los débiles, y débiles a los fuertes. A partir de tres conceptos: Modelo de asentamiento, patrón de asentamiento y sistema de interdependencia regional pudimos evidenciar un proceso de transformaciones societales regulado por los juegos de poder que se van presentando y que van, a determinar en una sucesión continua, una reconfiguración de un sistema en el que la hegemonía aborigen obligaba a los europeos, allí donde no tenían control territorial, a aceptar las reglas de juego de los indígenas, para convertirse en un sistema en el que son los indígenas los que deben ajustarse a las reglas impuestas por los colonizadores. Lo que describimos, en tres fases con atributos sólidos y dos fases de transición, es cómo el sistema de interdependencia regional dominado por las sociedades indígenas es desmantelado bruscamente con la desaparición de las sociedades con mayor peso demográfico, de manera que las sociedades sobrevivientes, por lo general expandiéndose desde los espacios más inhóspitos, terminan controlando territorios que habían quedado vacíos, al costo de hacerse dependientes del sistema occidental que se impone. Esta investigación fue financiada por el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICIT, La Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología de la Región Guayana-Fundacite Guayana- y por el Centro de Investigaciones Antropológicas de Guayana, CIAG-UNEG
Análisis espacial para la prevención de riesgo de inundación en la colonia Encinal, Xicotepec
Authors: Barrios-Rodríguez Uriel , Salgado-Montes Stephanie Scherezada , Flores-Lucero María de Lourdes
Published: December 2021

Las inundaciones en asentamientos irregulares, que ocasionan pérdidas humanas, bienes y problemas sanitarios, son consecuencia de la ocupación antrópica al margen de la planificación territorial y de las prácticas permisivas que autorizan la construcción de viviendas en suelos no aptos para el desarrollo urbano. Ejemplo de ello es el caso de la colonia Encinal en el municipio de Xicotepec; asentamiento irregular ubicado en la periferia de la cabecera municipal, cuya morfología responde a pendientes escarpadas y el cauce de un arroyo, este último degradado a canal de aguas residuales, presenta desbordamiento en época de lluvias torrenciales. Las inundaciones colocan en condición de alto riesgo a 230 habitantes y 49 viviendas. La carencia de información y análisis de riesgo limita la identificación de las condiciones que inciden en la construcción social del riesgo de inundación, la vulnerabilidad física y social, ya que los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) se han subutilizado como tecnología para el análisis espacial de riesgos de desastre. El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar la relevancia de la tecnología de los SIG en el análisis socioespacial del proceso de construcción del riesgo en un asentamiento irregular. La metodología es cuantitativa y cualitativa; se aplicaron los SIG para la georreferenciación y el procesamiento de datos, y la elaboración de cartografía para la representación de los resultados del análisis espacial. Una conclusión relevante es que, los SIG son una tecnología que permite generar información detallada para evidenciar las condiciones de vulnerabilidad en asentamientos irregulares, y coadyuvar a la toma de decisiones bajo el enfoque de prevención y mitigación del riesgo de desastre.
Arquitectura en los espacios de vida urbana y rural
Authors: Mendoza Vidaurre René , Mendoza Estrada Jaren
Published: December 2021

La salud y la arquitectura históricamente han generado cambios en el diseño de las ciudades y de las casas. Así en el s. XIX ante la crisis de la higiene y la aglomeración, ciudades de Londres, Barcelona o París cambiaron. La revolución de las casas con más concreto y metal, los closets en lugar de armarios y las cocinas abiertas. El rediseño de espacios públicos de ciudades y de oficinas. Y ahora el reto en los espacios rurales debido al cambio climático y en fase post covid-19.
Morfología urbana del Núcleo Histórico de Bellavista. Estudio de casos: Jirón Bolognesi y Plaza Isabel La Católica, 1949, 2019
Authors: Malpartida Pacaya María Patricia , Hayakawa Casas José Carlos
Published: December 2021

Poco se sabe del verdadero origen de Bellavista, distrito que nace en 1746 tras la catástrofe que terminó por destruir no solo a la Lima colonial, sino también al antiguo Callao amurallado. Fundada por el Virrey Manso de Velasco para convertirse en el Nuevo Puerto del Callao y cuyo diseño fue encomendado al ingeniero Luis Godín, el mismo que se encargó de diseñar la famosa Fortaleza del Real Felipe.

 

A pesar del gran valor histórico que posee, Bellavista solo tiene una declaración: la fachada del Estadio Telmo Carbajo. Lamentablemente es poco lo que se ha investigado de las edificaciones antiguas en este distrito. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar los estudios urbanos que muestran los cambios en la morfología urbana durante un periodo de 70 años en 1949 y 2019 enfocados en los ambientes urbanos monumentales: La Plaza Isabel La Católica y el Jirón Bolognesi, con la intención que dicho valor urbano-patrimonial permita obtener una declaratoria como bien integrante del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación en su condición de Zona Monumental.