bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF NORMALIZING HEATING OF FERRITE COMPACTS ON COMPACTION DURING RADIATION-THERMAL SINTERING
Authors:   Ceské vysokéucenítechnické v Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, Stary O.
Published: February 2022

The study investigated linear shrinkage of lithium-titanium ferrite samples during radiation-thermal and thermal sintering. Prior to compaction, part of the powders were subjected to thermal heating for 2h at temperatures of 1273, 1373, and 1473 K. It is found that changes in the shrinkage kinetics of ferrites after powder annealing are consistent with the classical concepts of thermal deexcitation of powders due to annealing of defects. Such defects were formed in powder grains during grinding. The obtained data analysis allowed us to offer the most likely model for radiation-thermal activation of powder ferrite sintering. This is a model of radiation inhibition of non-equilibrium defects relaxation.
ANISOTROPY OF THE SURFACE OF CARBON MATERIALS
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Yurov V.M.
Published: February 2022

In this work, a model of the surface layer of perfect single crystals is used and the role of surface energy in physical processes occurring in the region of nanosized carbon materials is clarified. Of these, diamond, graphite, carbyne and fullerenes have been investigated. The thickness of the surface layer of diamond with cubic symmetry is 8.2 nm and is a nanostructure. The average size of the synthesized nanodiamond is of the order of ~ 8 nm. The value of the surface energy σhkl calculated by us along the diamond planes (100), (110), and (111) is in good agreement with experiment and other calculations. The thickness of the surface layer of graphite along the a axis is equal to R(I)a = 8.0 nm and also represents a nanostructure. But along the c axis we have a layer thickness of about 1.5 nm and the number of monolayers is only 2. On this c axis, graphite can be created a monolayer by turning it into graphene. The σhkl value calculated by us along the a and c planes of graphite is 25957 and 5515 mJ/m2 , respectively. Carbines represent a polymeric polyyne or cumulene chain composed of sp-hybridized carbon atoms. If we imagine that the thickness of the surface layer of carbyne is stretched into a one-dimensional chain along the c axis, then the length of this chain is up to 200 nm for α-carbyne. The thickness of the surface layer of fullerenes significantly exceeds the thickness of the surface layer of pure metals. The surface energy of fullerenes σhkl increases with an increase in the number of carbon atoms С36 → С96. It also changes in the series (111) → (100) → (110).
MODIFICATION OF POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE ON THE BASE OF ULTRAFINE POWDER
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Tlebaev K.B.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the results of a study of the influence of thermal and mechanical effects on the formation of a structure in an ultrafine powder heated to a temperature above the melting point of polytetrafluoroethylene (327°C). The ultrafine powder was obtained by mechanical grinding of an industrial sample of polytetrafluoroethylene in a rotary knife mill. Studies of the ultra powder with a transmission microscope showed that the powder particles are quasi-spherical particles of a size of 5 microns. The thermal (sintering, slow and fast quenching) and mechanical (creation of high pressure) effects on ultrafine powder particles were determined by the methods of an automated digital microscope Leica DM 6000, X-ray diffraction, and Vickers. It was found that the formation of a supramolecular structure depends on the applied force (pressure) and temperature. Measurement of the hardness of the modified sample showed that its hardness in relation to the hardness of the industrial sample increased by 4 units.
LOCAL APPROACH FOR EVALUATING HEAT TRANSFER OF PRISMATIC ELEMENTS ON A FLAT SURFACE
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Suprun T.T.
Published: February 2022

Heat-exchange prismatic elements located on a flat surface are typical for many technical applications. The purpose of the work is to develop local approach for evaluating heat transfer of working surfaces based on local control of thermophysical parameters in characteristic zones of the working environment, using the methods of heat and mass analogy and hot-wire anemometry. The local approach allows more accurately diagnosing the types of flow in the boundary layer of a streamlined element and thereby, the temperature state of individual prismatic elements and the entire arrangement as a whole is determined more accurately. For calculating the local heat transfer of each face of the prism separately and the average surface heat transfer depending on the geometric and operating parameters equations of similarity are proposed.
STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CYLINDRICAL BLADE WITH DEFLECTOR
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Tanasheva N.K.
Published: February 2022

The article discusses some aspects of the renewable energy sources use, in particular, the problem of small wind power. A brief analysis of the development rates of wind energy in the world and in Kazakhstan is presented. The study is devoted to finding ways to optimize the blade of a wind power plant based on the Magnus effect, designed to generate electrical energy at low wind speeds. A cylindrical blade with a turbo-deflector has been developed to ensure independent starting of the blade rotation without the use of additional trigger mechanism. Laboratory tests of a cylindrical blade with a turbo deflector were carried out on a T-I-M wind tunnel at various flow regimes. The obtained dependences of aerodynamic forces on the air flow velocity at different angles of attack are shown.
THE INFLUENCE OF A HIGH-VOLTAGE DISCHARGE ON THE OIL BOTTOM SEDIMENTS FORMED AT THE OIL STORAGE FACILITIES OF THE ATASU-ALASHANKOU STATION
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Satybaldin A.Zh.
Published: February 2022

From three to ten per cent of the total oil produced can ultimately not be used for further processing. When the oil is transported by oil pipelines and oil tankers and stored in reservoirs, oil bottom sediments are deposited on the bottom comprising particles of mineral (non-oil origin) and the heaviest hydrocarbons, mainly paraffin series, whose specific gravity is higher than the density of oil and water. For reliable operation of the tanks, it must be periodically cleaned from the accumulated sediment. The study novelty is the use of the electrohydraulic effect for the processing of oil bottom sediments and creation of a waste-free technology for the disposal of oil bottom sediments in field conditions. The optimal mode for electrohydraulic impact, ensuring the destruction of bottom deposits of oil in the oil storage tanks of the Atasu-Alashankou station, is determined.
EFFECT OF THE SHAPE AND STRUCTURE OF MATURITY SENSOR’S PLASTIC HOUSING ON ITS PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Utepov Ye.B.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents how the shape and physical structure of the connections affect the performance of the housing of maturity sensor. A two parts rectangular and a keg-shaped cylindrical configurations of plastic housings were sequentially tested for water, shock and load resistance. The tests revealed the weak ingress and shock resistance of the rectangular housing, in comparison with cylindrical one, where no serious defects were identified. Both types of housings performed well during the compression tests on all three sides, showing the bearing capacities from 0.6 to 2.11 kPa, which are equivalent to 65.3 and 165.3 kg of human mass. Based on the results, the study demonstrates an easy-to-handle workflow for generic testing and evaluation of maturity sensors housing. The proposed workflow may be applicable for other types of small-scaled electronic devices.
MODEL OF VOLUMETRIC HEAT SOURCES IN ANODE OF MICROFOCUS X-RAY TUBE
Authors:   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University named after V.F. Utkin, Ryazan, Russia, Kozlov E.A.
Published: February 2022

The work is developed a numerical-analytical approach to modeling thermal processes in a composite anode of microfocus X-ray tubes. At the first stage of modeling, with the help of well-known analytical approximations, the distribution function of volumetric heat sources is built. At the second stage, this function is used when solving a stationary boundary value problem with the Poisson equation by the Finite Elements Method. Using the proposed technique, an adequate assessment of the maximum power of the tube with the transmission type W-Be anode was developed.
INVESTIGATION OF LAYERED ORTHOTROPIC STRUCTURES BASED ON ONE MODIFIED REFINED BENDING THEORY
Authors:   Karaganda Technical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Kasimov A.T.
Published: February 2022

In the article, constructions made of orthotropic multilayer composite material, in particular, layered orthotropic plates are considered. Numerical modeling and analysis of the stress-strain state for the plates are carried out on the basis of one version for the refined theory of layered plates. The bending problems for plates of medium thickness and thin multilayer plates of symmetric and asymmetric structures are investigated. All studies are conducted taking into account the properties of orthotropy and multilayering for the composite material from which the plates are made. The general algorithm for the numerical calculation of the stress-strain state for layered plates with orthotropic layers is developed on the basis of the finite difference method. This algorithm is implemented on a PC by a software package.
ENHANCEMENT OF STEAM-TURBINE CONDENSER STEAM-JET EJECTOR
Authors:   Kazakh-German University in Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Shavdinova M.D.
Published: February 2022

A three-stage steam-jet ejector EPO-3-200 with a working steam flow rate of 850 t / h is installed at the Combined Heat and Power Plant-2 of the city of Almaty on heating turbines. In this paper, the replacement of the existing three-stage steam-jet ejector with a two-stage steam-jet ejector is proposed and substantiated. As a result of the replacement, they obtained a saving of heat (steam) for their own needs for the production of electrical energy. It has been established that at a pressure in the turbine condenser significantly lower than 100 kPa, it is advisable to install a new two-stage ejector EPO-2-80 instead of EPO-3-200. Using the existing calculation methods, the geometric characteristics of the new ejector were obtained. The working steam flow rate of the new two-stage ejector is 579 t / h. In addition, the use of two stages makes it possible to simplify the design and make it more reliable, and also makes it possible to increase the pressure in the cooler of the 1st stage of the ejector. This is especially important for cogeneration turbines, which may have a high temperature of the main condensate, which adversely affects the performance of a conventional three-stage ejector.
INVESTIGATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC FORCES OF A TRIANGULAR WIND TURBINE BLADE FOR THE LOW WIND SPEEDS
Authors:   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Tanasheva N.K.
Published: February 2022

This article investigates the aerodynamic characteristics and finds the critical angle of attack of a triangular sail blade of a wind turbine for low wind speeds. For this purpose, a triangular sail blade of various parameters has been developed. The prototype is made of metal frame rods, the material of the triangular sail blade consists of a light and durable material (silk), one end of which is fixed to the top of the frame with a strong thread and support rods and bearing with an inner diameter of 8 mm. A sail blade differs from other blades in that the sails are made with the ability to change the angle of attack using a movable thread. To determine the critical angle of attack, the aerodynamic forces of the sail blade were investigated at different angles of attack 00 ; 150 ; 300 ; 450 , 600 ; 750 ; 900 . From the data analysis, it was found that the critical angle of attack is 150 , at which the value of the lift is maximum. Furthermore, at the critical angle of attack, the dependences of the lift and drag force on the air flow velocity were established, the value of which varied from 4 to 12 m/s.
HYDROSTATIC GENERATOR OF NON-PERIODIC PRESSURE IMPULSES FOR TESTING TECHNICAL PRODUCTS
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russia, Nizhegorodov A.I.
Published: February 2022

The article reviews the possibility of using the hydrostatic generators of oscillators with nonlinear power elements (elastic shells) as part of the structures of various test benches in the field of mechanical tests for vibration strength and vibration resistance, as well as when testing with external and internal pressure. The hydrostatic generator of non-periodic pressure impulses for engineering products testing is a new patented technical solution in the field of testing machines. The ratios of the angular velocities of the shafts, which provides the movement of the operating fluid into the actuator of the test bench in the form of a non-periodic function and with impulses varying in amplitude in a random manner were obtained. It makes a continuous and non-repetitive sequence of pressure impulses and corresponds to the operation of the tested objects in real conditions. The random nature of the amplitudes settings is provided by signals controlled from electric generators through controlled hydraulic valves. The development of a hydrostatic generator with a power element in the form of an elastic shell is represented by a hydromechanical diagram of a generator of non-periodic pressure impulses with corresponding kinematic and dynamic dependencies. In addition, there were developed three hydro-mechanical systems with the use of a new hydrostatic generator for engineering products testing both for mechanical random vibration and for testing the external and internal pressure of engineering objects that operate in such conditions. The result of the research is the expansion of the range of systems and methods for the test processes implementation under random non-periodic force effects on various engineering objects.
The Impact of Microsponge and Microsphere on Improving Oral Bioavailability of Medications: A Short Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia, Alshehry Yasir
Published: February 2022

While many diseases require an efficient drug delivery technology that has the ability to improve bioavailability and alleviate side effects, various types of gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have been developed in order to overcome the obstacles, which are related to a narrow absorption window, instability, site of action, side effects, and dosing frequency. In this context, microsponge and microsphere systems depict two different types of GRDDS, aiming to provide adequate time for active ingredients to be absorbed in the stomach despite the variation in releasing mechanisms of the entrapped ingredients. For the successful designing of these systems, it is essential to optimize the characterizations of the formulated microparticles by considering physiological, pharmaceutical, and patient-related factors, which have a dramatic impact on the efficacy. Consequently, they will demonstrate different behaviors at the desired site of action, determining which systems are showing superiority compared to others. However, each microparticle system has some advantages over the others, providing more options for researchers to ease the difficulties that exist with conventional oral dosage forms. Therefore, this review aims to shed the light on critical factors that have significant impacts on microsponge and microsphere systems and addresses their advantages and disadvantages, providing an understanding of these criteria in order to optimize the drug systems.
Nanophytomedicine in Clinical Management: An Introductory Evidence-based Review
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Nibha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajgir, Nalanda-803116, Bihar, India, Jahangir Mohammed Asadullah
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Herbal medicines are an important ingredient of traditional and alternative medicinal system and thus being used since ancient times. Owing to their characteristic of having lesser side effects and potential therapeutic effect they have drawn attention of pharmaceutical scientists from across the globe. Herbal medicines have now strongly captured a whooping US $62 billion market globally. Herbal medicines have been widely accepted of their potential to treat chronic diseases, low toxicity profile, cheap and wide availability etc. Methods: The Safety and efficacy of herbal drugs have played an important part in their successful commercialization. With the emergence and application of nanotechnology the bioavailability and bioactivity of herbal medicines have improved drastically. Results: Development of nano-phytomedicines by reducing their size to nano scale range, attaching it with polymers and by modifying their surface properties, solubility, permeability, eventually enhances the bioavailability of herbal formulations. Conclusion: Novel formulations like niosomes, liposomes, nanospheres, phytosomes etc. can be exploited in this area. However, novel nano-phytomedicines comes with its own pros and cons. This article extensively reviews herbal nano-medicines with its reported success and failures.
Diagnostic de l’embolie pulmonaire dans le contexte de la grossesse
Authors: Moumneh T. , Penaloza A. , Armand A. , Robert-Ebadi H. , Righini M. , Douillet D. , Le Gal G. , Roy P.-M.
Published: February 2022

Les problématiques posées par la prise en charge de la femme enceinte suspecte d’embolie pulmonaire (EP) aux urgences sont multiples. Les modifications physiologiques au cours de la grossesse majorent les sollicitations médicales pour des tableaux de douleur thoracique, de dyspnée, de malaise… En parallèle, ces manifestations aux cours de la grossesse peuvent se confondre avec les éléments évocateurs d’une EP et interférer sur nos capacités d’appréciation de sa probabilité. Enfin, l’élévation physiologique des D-dimères et le taux d’imageries thoraciques non conclusives complexifient la démarche diagnostique. C’est pourtant dans le contexte de la grossesse qu’il est particulièrement souhaitable de ne pas manquer un diagnostic d’EP, tout en évitant d’exposer inutilement la patiente et son foetus à l’imagerie thoracique. Pour aider dans les prises de décision, deux stratégies ont été validées dans le contexte de la grossesse. La première repose sur le score de Genève, incluant la réalisation d’une échographie de compression proximale chez les patientes à probabilité forte ou ayant un D-dimère supérieur à 500 μg/L. La seconde repose sur l’algorithme YEARS, avec réalisation d’une échographie uniquement chez les patientes ayant des symptômes évocateurs d’une thrombose veineuse des membres inférieurs associée, puis un dosage des D-dimères avec un seuil à 500 ou 1 000 μg/L en fonction de la probabilité clinique. La fiabilité de ces deux stratégies a été démontrée. La première stratégie présente l’avantage de ne reposer que sur des données objectives, et la deuxième de reposer le seuil décisionnel à 1 000 μg/L chez les patientes n’ayant aucun des critères YEARS.
Percheron-like artery infarction after transsphenoidal surgery: illustrative case
Authors: Sannwald Lennart W. , von Helden Andrea , Wagner Hans-Joachim , Moskopp Dag , Moskopp Mats L.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The transsphenoidal approach to the skull base has enjoyed increasing popularity for surgery of the sellar region avoiding brain retraction and causing few severe complications. While vitally important vessels in this region show a high degree of variability, some anatomical variants might be involved in characteristic complications.

OBSERVATIONS

We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient with acromegaly due to a pituitary adenoma that was transsphenoidally operated. Postoperatively, the patient presented with bilateral unresponsive mydriasis, loss of consciousness and tetraparesis. An MRI showed well-circumscribed bilateral paramedian thalamic infarctions which indicated a rare Percheron-like artery. At 2-year follow-up examination the patient was dramatically improved but with a profound impact on her ability to interact with the world.

LESSONS

The basilar artery or perforators might be injured during dissection of suprasellar lesions. This vascular territory is essential to interaction of the brain with the outside world. We conclude that we will approach future suprasellar adenomas strictly intracapsularly.
Aumento de la demanda de ingresos de menores en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica del Complejo Asistencial de Soria en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Palomar-Ciria N , Blanco del Valle P , Bello Hugo J.
Published: February 2022

La demanda de atención en salud mental infanto-juvenil ha aumentado en los últimos años, no sólo en el ámbito ambulatorio sino también en el hospitalario. En la provincia de Soria, donde no existe un dispositivo específico de hospitalización psiquiátrica de niños y adolescentes, se reservan camas en la unidad de adultos para los casos más graves o urgentes. En los últimos 14 años, ha aumentado la demanda de este recurso, disparándose durante los años 2020 y 2021 debido a la situación del estado de alarma por la pandemia COVID-19. Será necesario observar si esta tendencia se mantiene al alza en el futuro. Sin embargo, deja clara la necesidad de reforzar la atención a este grupo poblacional en el área, con recursos específicos de psiquiatría infanto-juvenil
Towards the use of robotic systems at nuclear facilities
Authors: Spassky Boris , Popov Alexander , Dalyaev Igor
Published: February 2022

Abstract The article addresses the matter of the mobile robotic systems (MRS) application at nuclear industry and nuclear energy facilities. Three main types of tasks solved with the help of MRS in order to ensure safety and reduce the radiation load on personnel are described. The scope of application and general requirements for such MRS, typical technological operations, control modes and human-robot interaction are discussed. It is shown that highly specialized robots are mainly used and that their design doesn’t imply a prompt replacement of the payload and adaptation to various tasks. It is noted that most of the modern MRS designed to operate at radiation-hazardous facilities are still teleoperated. The necessity of creating multifunctional modular reconfigurable MRS of various standard-size groups for use at nuclear facilities and increasing the level of their autonomy is substantiated. Key words Mobile robotic system, UGV, nuclear facility, teleoperation, supervisory control. Acknowledgements This work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia No. 075-00913-21-00 dated December 25, 2020 «Development of proposals for improving the state scientific, technical and industrial policy and popularizing achievements in the field of robotics based on an analysis of trends in the development of robotics in Russia and abroad».
Genetic Algorithm-Based Parametrization of a PI Controller for DC Motor Control
Authors: Mavrinac Marko , Lorencin Ivan , Car Zlatan , Šercer Mario
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) for the purpose of designing the control system with separately excited DC motor controlled according to the rotor angle. The presented research is based on the utilization of a mathematical model designed with separate electrical and mechanical sub-systems. Such an approach allows fine-tuning of PID controllers by using an evolutionary procedure, mainly GA. For purpose of PID tuning, the new fitness function which combines several step response parameters with the aim of forming a unique surface which is then minimized with a genetic algorithm. From the results, it can be seen that the elitism-based algorithm achieved better results compared to the eligibility-based selection. Such an algorithm achieved a fitness value of 0.999982 resulting in a steady-state error of 0.000584 rad. The obtained results indicate the possibility of applying a GA in the parameterization of the PID controller for DC motor control.
Capacity Optimization in Dynamically Routing Computer Network Systems
Authors: Uncu Nuşin , Erol Rızvan
Published: February 2022

A computer network system is a complex system with a great number of dynamic components. There are many devices in the system, such as computers, routers, lines, hubs, and switches. In addition to these hardware systems, many protocols are integrated to set the rules and provide the way of communication. Due to the nature of the system, it is hard to formulate and solve problems analytically without making any assumptions. One of the prominent problems that occur in computer systems is the line capacity assignment problem. In the previous mathematical models, message routes were predetermined and the dynamic nature of the system was neglected. This study deals with the line capacity assignment problem under a dynamically routing policy. Four different computer network topologies are used and solved by two heuristic algorithms via simulation. A dynamic search approach based on the occupancy rate of lines is used to define the consecutive routes of messages. The performances of harmony search and genetic algorithms via simulation are compared with the results of OptQuest, one of the optimization packet programs embedded in simulation software Arena®.
Developing a Location-Based Recommender System Using Collaborative Filtering Technique in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Kianinezhad Iman , Bayati Mehdi , Harounabadi Ali , Akbari Donya
Published: February 2022

The rapid growth of new information and products in the virtual environment has made it time consuming to acquire relevant information and knowledge amidst a vast amount of information. Therefore, an intelligent system that can offer the most appropriate and desirable among the large amount of information and products by following the conditions and features selected by each user should be essentially efficient. Systems that perform this task are called recommendation systems. Given the volume of social network data, challenges such as short-term processing and increased accuracy of recommendations are discussed in this type of system. Hence, it can perform processes faster with less error and can be effective in improving the performance of social recommending systems in improving the classification and clustering of information with the help of collaboration filtering methods. This study first develops an innovative conceptual model of a social network-based tourism recommendation system using Flicker network data. This model is based on 9 key components. The comparison show that the proposed method has an accuracy of 0.3% and a lower error rate.
Importance of Labelling Biodynamic Product Packaging in Croatia
Authors: Posavec Dijana , Tomiša Mario , Hajdek Krunoslav , Šarkanj Bojan
Published: February 2022

A lot of research has been conducted on economic and consumer aspects of ecological food products. However, we are witnessing the appearance of food products produced according to the principles of biodynamic growth which can be seen as a higher standard in ecological production process. Similar to ecological cultivation the biodynamic one also has proscribed methods and processes of production, processing, distribution and labelling as well as control and certification processes. However, such products are still not being recognized be the consumers in Croatia. This paper provides, based on authentic empirical research, some basic background information on the importance of labelling packages of food products as well as their quality and traceability. These also present the first results of research on the importance of labelling biodynamic products packages in Croatia.
Students’ Interest in Learning English: A Need Analysis for Teaching Large English Classes
Authors: Fannil Kher Dinovia
Published: February 2022

In many universities in Indonesia, teaching large English classes is not unusual. It is common to have more than 50 students seated in a class taking an English subject. It is also prevalent that the students are studying different majors, but none of them are English department students. This study aims at obtaining information that will be taken as the base to have a well-designed language program. This study was descriptive research using a survey as the main instrument. A set of questionnaires were distributed to 100 students taking an English subject at the university, aiming at gathering information under three notions; what students believed in learning English, what they expected and how they measured their English ability. The research findings showed that 98.4% of the students believed that English was important due to its dominance in almost every aspect of their life. In addition, 95.2% of the students expected that English class would help them in their speaking since speaking was often said the first way that people took to measure a person’s ability. However, 90% of the students admitted that their English had not improved in any significant way, that they prefer to be taught basic English. Referring to the research findings, it can be concluded that every large English class teacher should be wise to determine the input or the content of the lesson for the students, the process presented and what expected learning outcomes should be highlighted.
STARTUP DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: SKORYK HALYNA , NEDOSHYTKO ANHELINA ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2022

The development of startups is a powerful factor in socio-economic progress. Ukraine has significant potential to create a new types of business, the introduction of production of goods and services that can satisfy changing and very diverse needs of society. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the features of implementation, the most important problems and startup’s risks. Ukraine has significant potential for the startup’s development, which is confirmed by its high position in a world rankings. At the same time, the activity in the implementation of startup projects in different regions differs significantly. The most successful startups were analyzed and the spheres of their realization were determined. Almost all of them are related to the field of computers and information modern technologies (IT), which indicates about the prospects for the development of this industry in the Ukraine. There are highlighted the main stages of the startup: Seed and development; Startup stage; Establishment and growth; Expansion stage; Maturity. And also justified the most important problems that come up during these stages. Implementation of startups is complicated by this factors, such as: difficult financial position; lack of information support; unfavorable investment climate; low support from the government; insufficient level of knowledges in the field of business development. There were identified the factors that determine the investment attractions of startups the necessity and directions of country’s support for startups are substantiated. Ukraine has significant potential: highly qualified engineering resources, lots of cool ideas and enterprising people, who are ready to implement business innovations. However, only with the effective support from the government to the entrepreneurship in the field of innovation, financial support, effective system of protection of intellectual property rights, the development of appropriate regulatory framework, which will regulate legal relations in the startups’ market and in the sphere of their investment, then Ukrainian startups projects will have significant potential to develop and growth.
STRATEGIC CHANGES MANAGEMENT IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES OF THE ENTERPRISE BASED ON MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES
Authors: SAKUN LESIA , BURIAK IEVGEN , RIZNICHENKO LІUDMYLA , VIELKIN BOHDAN ,   Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University
Published: February 2022

In order to ensure sustainable development and efficiency, domestic enterprises must respond actively to threats of the internal and external environment, address market challenges, adapt to change, and manage market pressures. Business process management is a necessary component of manufacturing and strategic management to achieve the business goals of the modern enterprise. The article considers the current methods of business process management. Using a machine-building company as an example, the stages of change management were examined. The directions of strategic changes in operating activities in accordance with the principles of adapting business processes to market conditions to improve the efficiency of the management system and realize the enterprise’s main business objectives are developed. According to the article, business process management can be leveraged as a key component of strategic change. Based on scientific approaches, the essence of business process management is evaluated based on efficiency and effectiveness. An article presents evidence for introducing strategic changes in the activity of automobile manufacturing enterprises and indicates key directions for optimizing operational efficiency. An optimization department has been created to effectively interact with production units as part of the «Lean production» Project in AutoKrAZ. Modern production concepts for the operation of domestic machinery will help to keep the state of the business up-to-date, improve its performance, and ensure a competitive position in the markets. Based on scientific approaches the essence of business process management on the basis of efficiency and effectiveness is formulated. The article substantiates the introduction of strategic changes in the activity of automobile manufacturing enterprise and suggests the directions of optimization of operational activity. In order to optimize operational processes, a scheme of interaction of administrative subdivisions of automobile manufacturing enterprises was developed.
PAYMENT ACCOUNTING IN COVID-19 CONDITIONS
Authors: Goncharuk Svitlana , Melnyk Iryna ,   Ivan Franko Lviv National University
Published: February 2022

The article is a study of payroll accounting in terms of COVID-19. It was found out that today the issue of accounting for payroll in the enterprise is the main part of the social and labor relations of workers, employers and the state, which have a great influence on the labor resources of our country. It is determined that practical and theoretical issues of wage calculations always attract the attention of scientists, legislators, heads of organizations and employees. Wages are one of the most important factors in the efficiency of the enterprise, because its size and timely payment depends on productivity, quality of work performed and overall employee satisfaction with their position. It was investigated that it is important to keep accurate records of wages in the enterprise also because wages, as one of the main incomes of the population, are the basis for withholding personal income tax, military duty and the calculation of a single social contribution. Thus, wage accounting can be called one of the most difficult in enterprises, because only a properly selected system of remuneration can promote production growth and combine the interests of employees and management. This is extremely relevant now, at a time when Ukraine is experiencing negative phenomena such as quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Wages are one of the main incomes of the citizens of our country. The crisis situation in Ukraine, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to a significant decline in the activity of Ukrainian business. It was accompanied by economic instability of economic conditions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of quarantine, a significant number of operating entities, in addition to critical infrastructure, were forced to limit or suspend economic activity, and therefore the issue of wages became even greater. relevance. It was investigated that measures aimed at curbing COVID-19 had a direct impact on the work of most Ukrainian enterprises: reduced sales, staff reductions, remote operation, etc.
DIAGNOSIS THE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors: KHACHATRYAN VALENTYNA , STRATIICHUK VIKTORIIA ,   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of KNUTE
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes existing in modern science methods of diagnostics of competitiveness of an enterprise in the context of implementation of its international development strategy. The peculiarities of using the concept of M. Porter’s suggested types of strategy are investigated. Porter types of strategies that can turn the enterprise functioning on the international market. The main groups of methods of diagnostics of competitiveness of the enterprise, which take into account the peculiarities of implementation of international strategy of its development, were identified. The first group of methods includes matrix methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which involve forming matrices with elements ordered by rows and columns. These methods allow you to perform an analysis of the environment of the functioning of the company, to identify its position in the market, the result of evaluation using this method is to identify the main directions of further development of the company. The second group of methods includes graphical methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which are characterized by the intensity of the results of the analysis and inconsistency in carrying out the assessment. These are relatively simple methods that do not require complex mathematical calculations. The next group of methods are index methods of competitiveness diagnostics, which are considered more complex than the above mentioned matrix and graph methods. These methods require using a benchmark analysis, which is based on the assessment of a number of indicators, which include both sectorial indicators and indicators of the activity of the leading company in the market. The fourth group of methods for assessing international competitiveness includes analytical or calculation methods. This group of methods is characterized by performing complex mathematical calculations and analytical operations with calculated indicators.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF FISCAL EFFICIENCY OF INDIRECT TAXATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: YURCHYSHENA LIUDMYLA , KERNYCHNA HANNA ,   Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University
Published: February 2022

The article proposes the concept of fiscal efficiency of indirect taxation, the purpose of which is to ensure growth and stabilization of fiscal significance of indirect taxes in consolidated budget revenues and GDP of Ukraine, growth of VAT fiscal efficiency indicators (productivity, effective rate, VAT budget efficiency ratio). taxes. The concept is based on the general and specific principles of indirect taxation, defines the functions, purpose, objectives and methods aimed at assessing and identifying reserves of fiscal efficiency of indirect taxation. The indicators of fiscal significance of indirect taxes in the dynamics are assessed, the level of their influence on the formation of the state budget revenues and the country’s GDP is determined. It is determined that the highest level of fiscal significance among indirect taxes in VAT, followed by excise tax and duty. The analysis revealed a slight reduction in the fiscal importance of indirect taxes, due to the crisis in the country. The structure of VAT revenues to the state budget of Ukraine is presented, the factors that influenced the non-fulfillment of planned VAT revenues are identified. Thus, inaccurate forecast of inflation and exchange rates, reduced imports of goods, reduced sales of tobacco products, the effect of anti-crisis measures on Covid-19, reduced consumer demand, closing borders, the situation on the world and national markets and more. The method of calculation is given and the indicators of fiscal efficiency of VAT are estimated, the downward trend of the indicator of productivity of VAT, effective rate and coefficient of budgetary efficiency of VAT is defined. It is determined that VAT revenues have the potential for growth, as there is a significant gap between the effective and regulatory VAT rate.
MAIN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE FROM THE POSITION OF INFLUENCE ON THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Rudnichenko Yevhenii , Havlovska Nataliia , GarbuzIuk V. , Bilan V. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2022

The article examines the features of the formation of the investment climate of the country in modern conditions. The impact of national economic security on the investment climate and investor behavior in the medium term is analyzed. It is determined that a favorable investment climate is a necessary condition not only for the development of the state, but also for obtaining competitive advantages for legal entities and individuals, and is also one of the indicators of economic security of the country. Indicators of economic activity at the macro level do not provide enough information to understand the deep processes and processes of crisis. Therefore, from the standpoint of national economic security, it is necessary to systematically monitor changes in the investment climate, because they are a comprehensive reflection of the main processes in the state economy. The European Business Association, according to the expert assessment, stated that during 2020 the level of investment attractiveness of Ukraine has been steadily declining. According to a survey conducted by the European Business Association in 2021, 53 % of businessmen surveyed said that the investment climate has not changed, 32% that the investment climate has improved, and 15 % said it has deteriorated. 90 % of the surveyed businessmen of the Association members noted that Ukraine has a weak judicial system, 80 % – a high level of corruption, and 65 % – the existing shadow economy. The volume of direct investments in Ukraine decreased significantly in 2014–2015 and 2020 and amounted to 410 million dollars in 2014, in 2015 – (-458) million dollars and in 2020 – (-868) million dollars USA. Accordingly, the instability of the socio-economic and political situation has led investors to choose a moderate investment strategy aimed at short-term investments to minimize risks, which is a very negative trend for economic security.
STUDY OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR AUDITING THE COMPANY’S EQUITY CAPITAL
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, HORDIEIEVA-HERASYMOVA Liudmyla , YAROMYCH Lilya ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: February 2022

Effective management of equity can not happen without the creation of a quality system of control over changes in its size and structure at appropriate intervals. Carrying out an independent form of financial control – audit provides early detection of deviations in the system of accounting and reporting and their elimination by enterprises. A very important issue is the development of methods for auditing various areas of accounting for the movement of equity of the enterprise to implement quality control. Significant components of the effectiveness of the audit are the correct setting of audit objectives and determine its main sources of information. The method of auditing the equity of the enterprise is investigated in the work. Particular attention is paid to the study of tasks, objects and sources of information in this area of audit. A comparison of the definition of the tasks of the audit of equity by different scientists is made. The scheme of interrelation of objects of audit of own capital with sources of information concerning these objects is constructed. It is advisable to use various sources of information to conduct a quality audit of the constituent documents and equity. The paper compares the views of different authors on the use of specific sources of information in the audit of equity. As a result of the analysis of works of scientists the decision of uncoordinated questions and own vision of conceptual bases of a technique of audit of own capital is offered. We consider it appropriate to add to the Order on Accounting Policy a section “Equity”, which would contain the necessary information on the authorized, additional, reserve capital, retained earnings (uncovered losses) and other components available to the company. This will establish compliance with the provisions of the accounting policy and the constituent documents on equity and will facilitate the task of users of relevant information.
CONTINUUM OF ADVERTISING TECHNOLOGIES AND MARKETING PRICING IN THE FORMATION OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Authors: Vasilchenko Lidiya , Pepchuk Sergey , Bokovnya Anjelika ,   Cherkasy State Technological University
Published: February 2022

The article considers the neсessity to study the consumers motivation when making a purchase, as one of the main factors ensuring the growth for goods and services demand. The review of consumer behavior models homo economikus and homo psychologicus and their postulates are reviewed. In the process of reviewing the models revealed key differences between rational and emotional consumer behavior, which is important in the formation of advertising appeals. The factors that determine the choice priority between rationality and emotional impact in terms of modern research are considered. The process of consumer decision-making on the purchase using the components of psychology is studied. Relevant, from the point of view of marketing, characteristics of the buyer’s behavior, which directly affect his attitude to the level of the product price and the reaction to changes in price, are presented and considered. It is necessary to take into account the risks to which the consumer is exposed when making a choice, which should be meant by the manufacturer when setting prices and developing advertising appeals. It was found that the study of patterns of consumer behavior allows manufacturers not only to identify consumer motives in the process of choosing and making a purchase decision, but also to form ways to influence them. The analysis of consumer behavior based on the considered models and risks showed that most consumers are not ready, and some do not want to be responsible for the choice and decision-making, while striving to “have a choice”. By studying consumer behavior, producers have the opportunity to significantly improve the pricing process and make a more accurate calculation of a “fair” price that is acceptable to the consumer. The need for accurate market segmentation is justified. It is proposed to conduct segmentation based on ABC analysis to ensure a sufficient size of segments required for the implementation of flexible pricing strategies. The article reveals that in modern conditions of market saturation, factors that have a special impact on buying behavior need a new quality. It is determined that the interaction of advertising technologies and pricing is based on continuous comparison of consumer benefits and their perception of the price offer, which is manifested in the degree of their involvement in the purchase process. The necessity of close interaction of advertising technologies and pricing as the most influential marketing tools on consumer behavior in modern conditions is substantiated. Achieving such interaction is possible through the study of consumer involvement in brands, motivating factors of consumer behavior and perception of advertising.