bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia induces pulmonary fibroblast proliferation through NFAT signaling
Authors: Senavirathna Lakmini Kumari , Huang Chaoqun , Yang Xiaoyun , Munteanu Maria Cristina , Sathiaseelan Roshini , Xu Dao , Henke Craig A. , Liu Lin
Published: February 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and typically fatal lung disease with a very low survival rate. Excess accumulation of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix creates hypoxic conditions within the lungs, causing asphyxiation. Hypoxia is, therefore, one of the prominent features of IPF. However, there have been few studies concerning the effects of hypoxia on pulmonary fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-induced lung fibroblast proliferation. Hypoxia increased the proliferation of normal human pulmonary fibroblasts and IPF fibroblasts after exposure for 3–6 days. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that hypoxia promoted the G1/S phase transition. Hypoxia downregulated cyclin D1 and A2 levels, while it upregulated cyclin E1 protein levels. However, hypoxia had no effect on the protein expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, 4, and 6. Chemical inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2 reduced hypoxia-induced fibroblast proliferation. Moreover, silencing of Nuclear Factor Activated T cell (NFAT) c2 attenuated the hypoxia-mediated fibroblasts proliferation. Hypoxia also induced the nuclear translocation of NFATc2, as determined by immunofluorescence staining. NFAT reporter assays showed that hypoxia-induced NFAT signaling activation is dependent on HIF-2, but not HIF-1. Furthermore, the inhibition or silencing of HIF-2, but not HIF-1, reduced the hypoxia-mediated NFATc2 nuclear translocation. Our studies suggest that hypoxia induces the proliferation of human pulmonary fibroblasts through NFAT signaling and HIF-2.
A lumenal interrupted helix in human sperm tail microtubules
Authors: Zabeo Davide , Heumann John M. , Schwartz Cindi L. , Suzuki-Shinjo Azusa , Morgan Garry , Widlund Per O. , Höög Johanna L.
Published: February 2018

Eukaryotic flagella are complex cellular extensions involved in many human diseases gathered under the term ciliopathies. Currently, detailed insights on flagellar structure come mostly from studies on protists. Here, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) was performed on intact human spermatozoon tails and showed a variable number of microtubules in the singlet region (inside the end-piece). Inside the microtubule plus end, a novel left-handed interrupted helix which extends several micrometers was discovered. This structure was named Tail Axoneme Intra-Lumenal Spiral (TAILS) and binds directly to 11 protofilaments on the internal microtubule wall, in a coaxial fashion with the surrounding microtubule lattice. It leaves a gap over the microtubule seam, which was directly visualized in both singlet and doublet microtubules. We speculate that TAILS may stabilize microtubules, enable rapid swimming or play a role in controlling the swimming direction of spermatozoa.
Gellan Gum-based luminal fillers for peripheral nerve regeneration: anin vivostudy in the rat sciatic nerve repair model
Authors: Carvalho C. R. , Wrobel S. , Meyer C. , Brandenberger C. , Cengiz I. F. , López-Cebral R. , Silva-Correia J. , Ronchi G. , Reis R. L. , Grothe C. , Oliveira J. M. , Haastert-Talini K.
Published: February 2018

This experimental work considers the innovative use of the biomaterial Gellan Gum (GG) as a luminal filler for nerve guidance channels.
Pd–Ag decorated g-C3N4as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under direct solar light irradiation
Authors: Majeed Imran , Manzoor Uzma , Kanodarwala Fehmida K. , Nadeem Muhammad Amtiaz , Hussain Ejaz , Ali Hassan , Badshah Amin , Stride John Arron , Nadeem Muhammad Arif
Published: February 2018

Pd–Ag bimetallic and monometallic nanoparticles were decorated on g-C3N4and evaluated for their ability to produce H2through water splitting reactions.
Reconsidering figures of merit for performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Khenkin Mark V. , K. M. Anoop , Visoly-Fisher Iris , Galagan Yulia , Di Giacomo Francesco , Patil Bhushan Ramesh , Sherafatipour Golnaz , Turkovic Vida , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Madsen Morten , Merckx Tamara , Uytterhoeven Griet , Bastos João P. A. , Aernouts Tom , Brunetti Francesca , Lira-Cantu Monica , Katz Eugene A.
Published: February 2018

We propose a new approach for assessing the lifetimes of perovskite photovoltaics based on daily energy output which accounts for reversible diurnal changes.
Exceeding milli-watt powering magneto-mechano-electric generator for standalone-powered electronics
Authors: Annapureddy Venkateswarlu , Na Suok-Min , Hwang Geon-Tae , Kang Min Gyu , Sriramdas Rammohan , Palneedi Haribabu , Yoon Woon-Ha , Hahn Byung-Dong , Kim Jong-Woo , Ahn Cheol-Woo , Park Dong-Soo , Choi Jong-Jin , Jeong Dae-Yong , Flatau Alison B. , Peddigari Mahesh , Priya Shashank , Kim Kwang-Ho , Ryu Jungho
Published: February 2018

A MME generator with a textured Fe–Ga alloy can generate over 1 mW power under a tiny magnetic field.
Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-enone isolated from ribose–histidine Maillard reaction products on aldose reductase and tyrosinase
Authors: Hwang Seung Hwan , Wang Zhiqiang , Suh Hong-Won , Lim Soon Sung
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to better understand the functional properties of ribose and 20 amino acid Maillard reaction products (MRPs).
Screening and identification of inhibitors of advanced glycation endproduct formation from microalgal extracts
Authors: Sun Peipei , Cheng Ka-Wing , He Yongjin , Liu Bin , Mao Xuemei , Chen Feng
Published: February 2018

Identification of fucoxanthin as a key inhibitor of AGE formation in marine microalgae.
Identification and characterization of proteolytically resistant gluten-derived peptides
Authors: Perez-Gregorio M. R. , Días R. , Mateus N. , de Freitas V.
Published: February 2018

The lack of digestibility of certain gluten proteins is essential in the development of celiac disease (CD).
Two-dimensional delocalized states in organometallic bis-acetylide networks on Ag(111)
Authors: Yang Zechao , Gebhardt Julian , Schaub Tobias A. , Sander Tim , Schönamsgruber Jörg , Soni Himadri , Görling Andreas , Kivala Milan , Maier Sabine
Published: February 2018

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and density-functional theory reveal an unoccupied electronic state that is delocalized along the entire organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide network.
Fabrication, characterization, and high temperature surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic performance of SiO2 coated silver particles
Authors: Liu Ming , Xiang Rong , Lee Yaerim , Otsuka Keigo , Ho Ya-Lun , Inoue Taiki , Chiashi Shohei , Delaunay Jean-Jacques , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: February 2018

We present a systematic study on SiO2 coated sliver nanoparticles, and demonstrate it as a thermally robust SERS substrate for monitoring high temperature reactions up to 800 °C.
Boronic acid functionalized g-C3N4nanosheets for ultrasensitive and selective sensing of glycoprotein in the physiological environment
Authors: Wang Yiting , Hai Xin , E Shuang , Chen Mingli , Yang Ting , Wang Jianhua
Published: February 2018

Boronic acid decoration of g-C3N4viaEDC/NHS coupling facilitates fluorescence switching and glycoprotein sensing at neutral medium.
Grignard-mediated rearrangement of trifluoroacetyl from dihydroisoquinoline enamides to afford tertiary trifluoromethylcarbinols
Authors: Achary Raghavendra , Mathi Gangadhar Rao , Kim Seulgi , Hwang Jong Yeon , Kim Pilho
Published: February 2018

A novel approach for the addition of tertiary trifluoromethylcarbinols at the β-position of cyclic enamides has been developed.
Grafted neural stem cells show lesion-specific migration in radiation-injured rat brains
Authors: Bai Shou-Min , Wang Qiong , Yu Xiao-Li , Chen Ting , Yang Jin , Shi Jun-Tian , Tsai Robert Y. L. , Huang Hai
Published: February 2018

Neural stem cells (NSCs) exhibit preferential homing toward some types of brain lesion, but their migratory property during radiation brain injury (RBI) remains unexplored.
Defined covalent assembly of protein molecules on graphene using a genetically encoded photochemical reaction handle
Authors: Zaki Athraa J. , Hartley Andrew M. , Reddington Samuel C. , Thomas Suzanne K. , Watson Peter , Hayes Anthony , Moskalenko Andy V. , Craciun Monica F. , Macdonald J. Emyr , Jones D. Dafydd , Elliott Martin
Published: February 2018

We demonstrate a general method for photochemically-induced covalent attachment of proteins to graphene through the introduction of a non-canonical amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine into defined residue positions.
Lateral size selection of liquid exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Gao Wei , Zhao Yan , Yin Hong
Published: February 2018

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is of great importance in imaging, thermal and quantum applications in the mid-infrared regions (most of which are size related) for its natural hyperbolic properties.
Interface engineering through electron transport layer modification for high efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Borse Kunal , Sharma Ramakant , Gupta Dipti , Yella Aswani
Published: February 2018

Schematic of PTB7-Th:PCBM OSCs in an inverted geometry with ZnO, ZnO/Ba(OH)2and ZnO:Ba(OH)2nanocomposites as ETLs.
Striking transformations of the hydroborylene ligand in a HB:→NiIIcomplex with isocyanides and CO
Authors: Hadlington T. J. , Szilvási T. , Driess M.
Published: February 2018

The first reactivity of the hydroborylene ligand is described, giving access to a remarkable range of unprecedented boron-centered species.
The role of near-wall drag effects in the dynamics of tethered DNA under shear flow
Authors: Nir Guy , Chetrit Einat , Vivante Anat , Garini Yuval , Berkovich Ronen
Published: February 2018

We utilized single-molecule tethered particle motion (TPM) tracking, optimized for studying the behavior of short (0.922 μm) dsDNA molecules under shear flow conditions, in the proximity of a wall (surface).
Two distinct mechanisms upon absorption of volatile organic compounds into siloxane polymers
Authors: Saunders John E. , Chen Hao , Brauer Chris , Clayton McGregor , Loock Hans-Peter
Published: February 2018

From measurements of the absorption and desorption kinetics of VOCs into polysiloxane materials evidence is found for two competing processes.
Heat shock protein-guided dual-mode CT/MR imaging of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma tumor
Authors: Wang Ruizhi , Luo Yu , Li Xin , Ji Aihua , Guo Rongfang , Shi Xiangyang , Wang Xiaolin
Published: February 2018

Au@PEI-Gd-AAG NP nanoprobes hold enormous promise for highly efficient tumor diagnosis and dual-mode CT/T1 positive MR imaging.
Oral administration of highly bright Cr3+ doped ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals for in vivo targeted imaging of orthotopic breast cancer
Authors: Liu Hanghang , Ren Feng , Zhang Hao , Han Yaobao , Qin Huizhu , Zeng Jianfeng , Wang Yong , Sun Qiao , Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan
Published: February 2018

Long lasting persistent luminescence nanoparticles with the highest quantum yield were successfully prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method for bioimaging.
A novel 3-D cuprous iodide polymer with a high Cu/I ratio
Authors: Xiao Hong , Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Xiao Hongping , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luís D. , Fu Lianshe
Published: February 2018

The interconnection of rare 1-D cationic aggregates [CuI3I2+]n and anionic bi-tetrazolate bridges leads to the formation of a novel 3-D cuprous iodide polymer with a Cu/I ratio as high as 3, which shows unusually thermochromic luminescent properties.
Enabling a highly reversible conversion reaction in a lithiated nano-SnO2 film coated with Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Zhang Houpo , Chen Zhiwei , Hu Renzong , Liu Jun , Cui Jie , Zhou Weijia , Yang Chenghao
Published: February 2018

The Al2O3 coating helped to increase the boundary integrity of SnO2 nanocrystals to prevent the lithiation-induced Sn coarsening during cycling, ensuring a highly reversible conversion reaction.
A hybrid Markov process-mathematical programming approach for joint location-inventory problem under supply disruptions
Authors: Dehghani Ehsan , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Jabalameli Mohammad Saeed
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces a joint location-inventory problem, in which facilities become temporarily unavailable. A hybrid approach based on the Markov process and mathematical programming techniques is presented to design the distribution network of a supply chain in an integrated manner. In the first phase, the Markov process derives some performance features of inventory policy. In the second phase, using outputs of the Markov process, the location-inventory problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. Moreover, a robust possibilistic programming approach is utilized, which is able to provide a more stable supply chain structure under almost all possible values of imprecise parameters. Since the proposed problem is complicated to solve by means of exact methods, we develop a simulated annealing algorithm in order to find near-optimal solutions in reasonable computational times. The obtained computational results reveal the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed solution approach. Finally, some insights are provided and the performance of the proposed robust optimization approach is compared to traditional possibilistic chance constrained method.
Why are there (almost) no randomised controlled trial-based evaluations of business support programmes?
Authors: Dalziel Margaret
Published: February 2018

Based on the achievements of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in medicine, and the need for effective government interventions in support of business, some have advocated for the use of RCTs in the evaluation of business support programmes (BSPs). Notwithstanding these recommendations, the use of RCTs in the evaluation of BSPs has been resisted by (almost) all. Policy makers and managers are correct in their reluctance to undertake RCT-based evaluations for four reasons. First, while RCTs require the random allocation of support, judicious programmes select firms on the basis of potential and amenability to support. Second, while RCTs require treatments that exhibit low variability, the most effective BSPs draw upon substantive knowledge to provide support that is customised. Third, BSPs aim to produce outliers—firms whose performance is exceptional. When outliers are present, very large samples will be required to produce reliable results. Finally, an RCT may not yield a meaningful contribution to knowledge. The strength of an RCT is its ability to estimate the magnitude of the treatment effect under controlled conditions. But where much depends on the nature of participants and circumstances, we seek evidence of what works, for whom, in which circumstances, and why.
Lipid bilayer composition modulates the unfolding free energy of a knotted α-helical membrane protein
Authors: Sanders M. R. , Findlay H. E. , Booth P. J.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Cells in our bodies sense and communicate with the outside world via proteins embedded in membranes that surround the cells. As with all proteins, a fundamental parameter governing their biological function is the inherent, thermodynamic stability of the folded state. Surprisingly, there is no measure of this thermodynamic stability in a lipid membrane for the ubiquitous class of membrane proteins with structures based on α-helices. We remedy this through the study of a protein related to the physiologically important membrane proteins that are partly responsible for transmitting signals in the nervous system. We identify key properties of the surrounding lipid membrane that regulate the thermodynamic stability of the protein.
Functional comparision between truncated MTT1 and truncated MTT2 from Tetrahyemna thermophila
Authors: Zhou Huanxin , Xu Jing , Wang Wei
Published: February 2018

Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight proteins with high Cys content and high metal-chelating ability. CdMT and CuMT subfamilies present different characteristics in Tetrahymena. To explore the effect of the cysteine arrangement and sequence length of MTs for binding different metal ions, MTT1, truncated MTT1 (TM1), MTT2, and truncated MTT2 (TM2) were expressed in E. coli. The half-maximal inhibiting concentrations (IC50) of Cd2+ and Cu+ for the recombinant strains were different. Furthermore, E. coli cells expressing MTT1 and TM1 exhibited higher accumulating ability for Cd2+ than cells expressing MTT2 and TM2. However, the opposite is true for Cu+. The binding ability of the different recombinant proteins to Cd2+ and Cu+ were also different. MTT1 and truncated mutant TM1 were the preference for Cd2+, whereas MTT2 and truncated mutant TM2 were the preference for Cu+ coordination. These results showed that metal ion tolerance and accumulation ability not only depended on cysteine arrangement pattern but also on sequence length of MT in Tetrahymena.
Repeated‐sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation improves running repeated‐sprint ability in rugby players
Authors: Fornasier‐Santos Charly , Millet Grégoire P. , Woorons Xavier
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of repeated‐sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) on running repeated‐sprint ability (RSA) in team‐sport players.

Methods: Twenty‐one highly trained rugby players performed, over a 4‐week period, seven sessions of repeated 40‐m sprints either with VHL (RSH‐VHL, n = 11) or with normal breathing (RSN, n = 10). Before (Pre‐) and after training (Post‐), performance was assessed with an RSA test (40‐m all‐out sprints with a departure every 30 s) until task failure (85% of the reference velocity assessed in an isolated sprint).

Results: The number of sprints completed during the RSA test was significantly increased after the training period in RSH‐VHL (9.1 ± 2.8 vs. 14.9 ± 5.3; +64%; p < .01) but not in RSN (9.8 ± 2.8 vs. 10.4 ± 4.7; +6%; p = .74). Maximal velocity was not different between Pre‐ and Post‐ in both groups whereas the mean velocity decreased in RSN and remained unchanged in RSH‐VHL. The mean SpO2 recorded over an entire training session was lower in RSH‐VHL than in RSN (90.1 ± 1.4 vs. 95.5 ± 0.5%, p < .01).

Conclusion: RSH‐VHL appears to be an effective strategy to produce a hypoxic stress and to improve running RSA in team‐sport players.
Performing with Patterns of Time
Authors: Magnusson Thor , McLean Alex
Published: February 2018

Music is a time-based art form often characterized by patternings; manipulations of sequences over time. Composers and performers may think in terms of patterns, although the structure of patterned sequences is often not made explicit in musical notation. This chapter explores how musical sequences can be created and transformed in real-time performance through patterning functions. Topics related to the use of algorithms for pattern making are discussed, and two systems are introduced—ixi lang and TidalCycles, as high-level and expressive minilanguages for musical pattern. These two systems are constrained, purpose-built live coding systems, and with such systems has come rethinking about the computer language design and purpose, where performance and the conception of the code as something that be sculpted in real time is given a high priority.
Colour is the Keyboard
Authors: Schedel Margaret
Published: February 2018

This chapter discusses the phenomenon of ‘synaesthesia’, the phenomenon in which a visual perception gives rise to a musical sense-impression, or vice-versa. The chapter covers over one hundred years of artists, composers, and inventors developing sculptures, instruments, and systems to transcode visual data into sonic material. This time frame encompasses mechanical, analogue, digital, and hybrid systems. Most of the algorithmic procedures in these case studies are not reversible; in other words, the visuals cannot be generated from the sound. In many cases the visual aspect is not even meant to be seen as part of the experience, while in others the visual aspect is an equal partner in a synaethestic experience.
Sonification ≠ Music
Authors: Scaletti Carla
Published: February 2018

Starting from the observation that symbolic language is not the only channel for human communication, this chapter examines ‘data sonification’, a means of understanding, reasoning about, and communicating meaning that extends beyond that which can be conveyed by symbolic language alone. Data sonification is a mapping from data generated by a model, captured in an experiment, or otherwise gathered through observation to one or more parameters of an audio signal or sound synthesis model for the purpose of better understanding, communicating, or reasoning about the original model, experiment, or system. Although data sonification shares techniques and materials with data-driven music, it is in the interests of the practitioners of both music composition and data sonification to maintain a distinction between the two fields.
Charisma and the Radical Right
Authors: Eatwell Roger
Published: February 2018

Although the concept of “charismatic” leaders is commonplace in political discourse, many academics hold that the notion is vague and these leaders’ alleged appeal to voters untestable. This chapter sets out a conceptualization of such leaders, focusing on radical mission, personal presence, symbiotic hierarchy, and Manichean demonization. It then considers four broad theories about why charismatic leaders have notable effects (and why the radical right gathers support): socioeconomic change and crisis, political opportunity structures, cultural legitimation, and psychological affinities. While it is important not to overstate the powers of most leaders, the chapter concludes by arguing that we need to appreciate the role of “coterie” charisma over an inner core, helping to keep parties together. Moreover, charismatic leaders exert a centripetal appeal, particularly to authoritarians and/or those least interested in politics, creating a more differentiated following than the affective bond stressed in the classic Weberian model.
Media and the Radical Right
Authors: Ellinas Antonis A.
Published: February 2018

The way the media relate to radical right-wing actors remains one of the least studied areas in the literature on the radical right. This chapter examines how the media affect the demand for and the supply of right-wing radicalism. The media can affect political demand by setting the agenda on or framing key issues such as immigration and crime, helping legitimize a political space in which the radical right can thrive. On the supply side, media access and exposure are a political resource that can help outsiders enter the political game and provide validation, momentum, and legitimacy. Media effects depend on availability of political opportunities, developmental phase of the radical actor, type of coverage, and type of medium. Future work can use experimental methods to probe individual-level links between media cues and voter or activist preferences, and to examine media regulations, especially of newer media.
Political Violence and the Radical Right
Authors: Weinberg Leonard , Assoudeh Eliot
Published: February 2018

This chapter, on contemporary radical right violence in Western Europe and North America, begins with a definitional question: what do we mean by “radical right” or “radical right populism”? Relying on the work of Cas Mudde and others, the stress is on nationalism, exclusionism (certain groups are not considered part of the national community), elitism, and monism (the idea that political questions have only one correct answer). The chapter then seeks to understand the conditions that give rise to radical right violence, relying on the work of Ehud Sprinzak and others. The stress is on particularistic violence and its use against minority groups seeking to assert claims to improved status in society. Vigilantism, employing violence outside the law in order to exert social control over the minority, is a common attribute. Finally, the chapter reviews the major forms of radical right violence, emphasizing “lone wolf” attacks and ethnic riots.
The Radical Right in France
Authors: Mayer Nonna
Published: February 2018

After providing a quick summary of the long history of the French radical right, from the reaction to the revolution of 1789 to the creation of the Front National in 1972, this chapter focuses on the changes brought about by Marine Le Pen since she took over her father’s party in 2011. Her “de-demonization” strategy has indeed improved the image of the movement and attracted new voters. But the nativist anti-immigrant message is the same as Jean-Marie Le Pen’s. And the Front National still suffers from political isolation; while it has sometimes won the first round of elections, it has yet to achieve a majority in the second round. After its semi-defeat in the 2017 elections, the very opportunity of the de-demonization strategy is being questioned inside the party.
The Radical Right and Islamophobia
Authors: Kallis Aristotle
Published: February 2018

This chapter discusses the radical right’s embrace of Islamophobia. Initially propagated by certain parties of the radical right in the 1980s as part of a nativist backlash on immigrants and camouflaged under the seemingly less extreme garb of ethnopluralism, Islamophobia has mutated into the primary populist anti-paradigm for the overwhelming majority of the radical right. In different yet complementary ways, international terrorism and the global financial crisis have played straight into the radical right’s (in)security agenda. Since the turn of the new millennium, the Islamophobic rhetoric of the radical right has become more and more pervasive, more radical in content, more extreme in scope, and more potent in reach.
The Radical Right in Japan
Authors: Higuchi Naoto
Published: February 2018

This chapter presents an overview of the radical right in Japan by answering the question of why contemporary radical right groups hate Koreans. This is key to understanding the features of Japan’s radical right and how it has changed during the last half century. Unlike its predecessors, the group Zaitokukai (Civic Group Against Privileges of Koreans in Japan) seems quite similar to European radical right groups in the sense that it targets ethnic minorities with violent attacks. Is it a sign, then, that Japan’s radical right is converging with the European counterparts? The answer is partly yes but mostly no. The chapter first illustrates the three-layered structure of Japan’s radical right organizations and explains the recent rise of radical right parties. It then clarifies why historical revisionism produced nativist violence.
The Radical Right and Fascism
Authors: Copsey Nigel
Published: February 2018

Within the political science community, scholars typically draw a sharp distinction between the “radical right” and “fascism.” This chapter challenges such a distinction, and encourages scholars to reprise fascism’s relationship to the radical right. It suggests that (neo)fascism’s past offers the best route to understanding the present-day radical right. Such a historical interpretation seeks to enhance our understanding of the central importance of the neofascist European New Right as the “missing link” between fascism and contemporary radical right-wing populism. Moreover, much of the scholarly literature theorizing the radical right also fails to take into account activist cultures and shared domains. Rather than breaking the historical link between the radical right and fascism, this chapter calls on those studying this field to reinstate this important link, thereby acknowledging the continuing presence of fascism in today’s radical right.
Mobility and Location Choice of Offenders
Authors: Bernasco Wim
Published: February 2018

This chapter analyzes the main topics and questions about offender mobility and crime location choice in terms of individual motivations, resources, constraints, and decisions. It begins with a brief overview of the four main frameworks that have been used to theorize offender mobility and crime location choice. This is followed by a characterization of general human mobility as a series of cyclical movements between a limited set of anchor points, and a review of two research initiatives that collected detailed spatial and temporal information on offender mobility. The subsequent section addresses the extent to which offenders plan and prepare their crimes. The chapter also discusses two core elements in crime pattern theory, namely the facilities that attract offenders and offenses (crime generators and attractors) and awareness space. The final section discusses the spatial unit of analysis in offender mobility and location choice.
Guardianship
Authors: Reynald Danielle M.
Published: February 2018

The concept of guardianship has been defined as “any spatio-temporally specific supervision of people or property by other people which may prevent criminal violations from occurring.” As a key process of crime prevention and control by informal citizens, research on guardianship has revealed that it is negatively associated with crime, suggesting its importance as an effective crime control strategy. This chapter provides an overview of the theoretical origins of the guardianship concept, and reviews key empirical studies that have contributed to the development of criminological understanding of how guardianship functions to control crime. It concludes with a discussion of current research being done and the new directions currently being charted for continued insights into the processes and mechanisms that facilitate effective guardianship for crime prevention.
Levinas and Early Modern Philosophy
Authors: Römer Inga
Published: February 2018

The present study claims that Levinas’s engagement with early modern philosophy can be understood as an attempt to appropriate the tradition of modern rationalism by transforming it on the basis of its own internal limits. The article shows this by analysis especially of Levinas’s interpretations of Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, and Kant but also of Rousseau, Berkeley, Malebranche, Leibniz, and Pascal. Levinas’s appropriation of early modern rationalism is a transformation from a rationality of ontology and totality to an ethical rationality, anchored in the desire of the infinite and threatened by the rationality of totality. In Levinas’s eyes, it is Immanuel Kant who proves that this particular rationality of a practical infinite does not have its only origin in a religious tradition (that of the Talmud), but it also has another origin in the philosophical tradition of rationalism itself.
Levinas as a Reader of Jewish Texts
Authors: Kleinberg Ethan
Published: February 2018

This article attempts to understand Levinas as a reader of Jewish texts, with particular attention paid to his Talmudic commentaries. To do so, the entangled relation between oral and written texts is explored; one must be able to properly “read” but also “write,” and there is the related issue of the methodology and training to be able to do so properly. Levinas offers commentary on each issue. Several interpretations of Talmudic texts and an important discussion of reading Scripture are analyzed in order to elucidate Levinas’s reading strategies, what this tells us about his relation to the larger tradition of Talmudic commentary, and Levinas’s particular historical moment, especially the role of the Holocaust for his approach to reading the Talmud and traditional texts.
Economic Ecosystems
Authors: Auerswald Philip E. , Dani Lokesh M.
Published: February 2018

In this chapter the concept of ecosystems as applied to economic geography is reviewed. It is argued that economic systems taking the metaphor of the ecosystem more literally than has been done in the past may advance understanding of economic systems at the regional scale are, literally, ecosystems. An ecosystem is defined as a dynamically stable network of interconnected firms and institutions within bounded geographical space. It is proposed that representing regional economic networks as ‘ecosystems’ provides analytical structure and depth to theories of the sources of regional advantage, the role of entrepreneurs in regional development, and the determinants of resilience in regional economic systems. The chapter frames regional economic change in terms of ecosystem dynamics, with reference to ecologically derived concepts of succession, speciation, diversity, resilience, and adaptation.
Finite-State Technology
Authors: Hulden Mans
Published: February 2018

Finite-state machines—automata and transducers—are ubiquitous in natural-language processing and computational linguistics. This chapter introduces the fundamentals of finite-state automata and transducers, both probabilistic and non-probabilistic, illustrating the technology with example applications and common usage. It also covers the construction of transducers, which correspond to regular relations, and automata, which correspond to regular languages. The technologies introduced are widely employed in natural language processing, computational phonology and morphology in particular, and this is illustrated through common practical use cases.
Computational Economic Modeling of Migration
Authors: Klabunde Anna
Published: February 2018

In this chapter an agent-based model of endogenously evolving migrant networks is developed to find and estimate the size of determinants of migration and return decisions. Individuals are connected by links, the strength of which declines over time and distance. Methodologically speaking, this chapter combines parameterization using data from the Mexican Migration Project with calibration. It is shown that expected earnings, an idiosyncratic home bias, network ties to other migrants, strength of links to the home country, and age have a significant impact on circular migration patterns over time. The model can reproduce spatial patterns of migration as well as the distribution of the number of trips of migrants. It can also be used for computational experiments and policy analysis.
Does perceived inclusion matter in the workplace?
Authors: Chen Chiyin , Tang Ningyu
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Perceived inclusion refers to employees’ perception of their inclusion status in the workplace. This concept offers a new perspective to understand employees’ experiences within today’s complex working environment. However, research on how perceived inclusion influences employee behavior is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of perceived inclusion through the lens of the social exchange perspective and role identity theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from 257 employees and 60 supervisors in a manufacturing company. Multi-level structural equation modeling and the Monte Carlo method were applied to test the mediation effect.

Findings

The results indicated that employees’ perceived inclusion was positively associated with job role and innovator role performance through the mediation of organizational commitment. Perceived inclusion was also directly associated with team role performance.

Originality/value

This is the first study to empirically examine perceived inclusion in the workplace from the social exchange and role identity perspective. It revealed that perceived inclusion fosters employees’ commitment toward the organization, which in turn influences their work-role behaviors. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Building successful franchise partnerships: the importance of communication and trust
Authors: Fernández-Monroy Margarita , Martín-Santana Josefa D. , Galván-Sánchez Inmaculada
Published: February 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model for building successful franchise partnerships. The model examines the influence of communication and trust on satisfaction and performance in franchise partnerships, considering that franchises are based on franchisor-franchisee and franchisor-supplier relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The unit of analysis refers to the relationships that the franchisor maintains with the franchisees and the main supplier, from the franchisor’s perspective. A mail survey of 592 franchises was conducted by means of a structured, self-administered questionnaire for data collection. A total of 98 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results indicate that communication between franchise partners is related to satisfaction through trust. In fact, communication is a major precursor of trust. Findings also show the direct influence of trust on satisfaction in both relationships. Finally, results evidence that developing satisfactory relationships between partners improves strategic and operational franchise outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

The use of the questionnaire limits the approach to information gathering. In addition, the study focused on the franchisor’s perspective of the relationships and it would be interesting to include other partners’ opinions. Further, research should broaden the study scope to include other factors of franchise partnerships.

Practical implications

This study provides franchisors with guidelines to develop satisfactory relationships. It recommends that franchisors design adequate programs to create, maintain, and enhance franchise partnerships, and also to improve a trust-based culture.

Originality/value

The analysis is conducted taking into consideration the franchisor-franchisee relationship and the franchisor-supplier relationship. Measurement scales are developed and validated for both relationships.
Property Investment and Rental Rate under Housing Price Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach
Authors: Wang Honglin , Yu Fan , Zhou Yinggang
Published: February 2018

The conventional wisdom that housing prices are the present value of future rents ignores the fact that unlike dividends on stocks, rent is not discretionary. Housing price uncertainty can affect household property investments, which in turn affect rent. By extending the theory of investment under uncertainty, we model the renter's decision to buy a house and the landlord's decision to sell as the exercising of real options of waiting and examine real options effects on rent. Using data from Hong Kong and mainland China, we find a significant effect of housing price on rent and draw important policy implications.
The Life History of an Enslaved African: Multiple Isotope Evidence for Forced Childhood Migration from Africa to the Caribbean and Associated Dietary Change
Authors: Laffoon J. E. , Espersen R. , Mickleburgh H. L.
Published: February 2018

Archaeological excavations of an enslaved African domestic area at the Spring Bay Flat plantation on the island of Saba, Dutch Caribbean, uncovered a small concentration of artefacts (shell, metal nails, animal bones and five human teeth) overlaid with a lock hinge, interpreted as a lockbox and its contents. Dental anthropological and multi‐isotope (strontium, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen) analyses of the teeth revealed that they belonged to a single individual who originated from Africa and survived a period of pronounced nutritional stress as a juvenile. The results provide rare insights into the life history of an individual who probably experienced enslavement, (forced) migration from Africa and adaptation to plantation life in the colonial‐era Caribbean.
Left‐side pericardial agenesis: Putting the pieces together
Authors: Ruivo Catarina , Ladeiras‐Lopes Ricardo , Faria Rita , Ferreira Nuno , Gama Vasco
Published: February 2018

A 56‐year‐old woman complained of atypical chest pain. At initial diagnostic workup, chest radiograph and transthoracic echocardiogram depict specific findings that raised the suspicion of pericardial agenesis. Cardiac computed tomography showed extreme levoposition of the heart and interposition of lung parenchyma between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Those findings were consistent with the diagnosis of left‐side pericardial agenesis, which was subsequently confirmed in cardiac magnetic resonance study. Left‐side pericardial agenesis is rare and can result in nonspecific symptoms. An integrated multimodality imaging approach may provide incremental value on diagnosis approach. Its benign prognosis allows a conservative approach.
Does contact improve attitudes towards migrants in China?
Authors: Xue Sen
Published: February 2018

Over the past three decades, China has experienced significant internal migration. However, migrants are often socially segregated and discriminated against in their destination cities in China. This paper uses a large representative survey to investigate whether interpersonal contact between urban locals and migrants improves urban locals’ attitudes towards migrants. The novel part of this paper is to examine the effect of different contact experiences on multiple dimensions of attitudes. The results show distinct patterns between the effects of non‐intimate and intimate contact experiences. All the OLS results, IV results and IV results together with Lewbel's () heteroscedasticity identification approach suggest that non‐intimate contact experience only significantly improves willingness to engage in non‐intimate interactions, and the magnitude of the effect reduces as the intimacy level of the intended interaction increases. On the contrary, intimate contact experience significantly improves willingness to engage in both non‐intimate and intimate interactions.
Exosomes derived from B16F0 melanoma cells alter the transcriptome of cytotoxic T cells that impacts mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Bland Cassidy L. , Byrne‐Hoffman Christina N. , Fernandez Audry , Rellick Stephanie L. , Deng Wentao , Klinke David J.
Published: February 2018

While recent clinical studies demonstrate the promise of cancer immunotherapy, a barrier for broadening the clinical benefit is identifying how tumors locally suppress cytotoxic immunity. As an emerging mode of intercellular communication, exosomes secreted by malignant cells can deliver a complex payload of coding and noncoding RNA to cells within the tumor microenvironment. Here, we quantified the RNA payload within tumor‐derived exosomes and the resulting dynamic transcriptomic response to cytotoxic T cells upon exosome delivery to better understand how tumor‐derived exosomes can alter immune cell function. Exosomes derived from B16F0 melanoma cells were enriched for a subset of coding and noncoding RNAs that did not reflect the abundance in the parental cell. Upon exosome delivery, RNAseq revealed the dynamic changes in the transcriptome of CTLL2 cytotoxic T cells. In analyzing transiently coexpressed gene clusters, pathway enrichment suggested that the B16F0 exosomal payload altered mitochondrial respiration, which was confirmed independently, and upregulated genes associated with the Notch signaling pathway. Interestingly, exosomal miRNA appeared to have no systematic effect on downregulating target mRNA levels.

Databases

Gene expression data are available in the GEO database under the accession SuperSeries number GSE102951.
Nutritional, microbial and sensory attributes of bread fortified with defatted watermelon seed flour
Authors: Anang Daniel A. , Pobee Ruth A. , Antwi Edward , Obeng Eugene M. , Atter Amy , Ayittey Foster K. , Boateng John T.
Published: February 2018

The utilisation of natural food supplements to fortify staples is considered as one of the effective means of dealing with global food nutrient deficiency. Herein, we report the nutritional, microbial and sensorial characteristics of defatted watermelon seed fortified bread. The protein content and level of micronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, iron and calcium increased with increasing proportion of watermelon seed flour in the bread. Notably, calcium resulted as the highest micronutrient in the bread samples, whereas the content of iron in the fortified samples improved significantly. The defatted watermelon seed flour had a high iron content of about 12.1 mg/100 g as compared to the normal (unfortified) bread of 0.01 mg/100 g. The total microbial count results for all the fortification levels complied with the acceptable microbial quality requirement. Lastly, the consumer acceptability test did not show any significant difference between all levels of fortification with watermelon seed flour.
Infants’ Lexical Processing Efficiency is Related to Vocabulary Size by One Year of Age
Authors: Lany Jill , Giglio Michael , Oswald Madeleine
Published: February 2018

By 15–18 months, infants’ skill in interpreting familiar words, or lexical processing efficiency (LPE), improves substantially and is correlated with vocabulary size concurrently and several months later. Prior to this age LPE is quite poor, and to date there is little evidence that it is related to vocabulary size. If this relation only emerges once infants have relatively good LPE, and also know a substantial number of words, it could suggest that the processes that support the rapid growth in vocabulary commonly observed as infants approach age 2 may not yet be functional in the earlier stages of lexical development. However, using a modified LPE task we found that 12‐month‐olds with better LPE understood more words at that age and also produced more words several months later. These results suggest that meaningful individual differences in LPE are already emerging by 12 months and may support lexical development across the second year.
Neurocranial anatomy of the petalichthyid placodermShearsbyaspis oepikiYoung revealed by X‐ray computed microtomography
Authors: Castiello Marco , Brazeau Martin D.
Published: February 2018

Stem‐group gnathostomes reveal the sequence of character acquisition in the origin of modern jawed vertebrates. The petalichthyids are placoderm‐grade stem‐group gnathostomes known from both isolated skeletal material and rarer articulated specimens of one genus. They are of particular interest because of anatomical resemblances with osteostracans, the jawless sister group of jawed vertebrates. Because of this, they have become central to debates on the relationships of placoderms and the primitive cranial architecture of gnathostomes. However, among petalichthyids, only the braincase ofMacropetalichthyshas been studied in detail, and the diversity of neurocranial morphology in this group remains poorly documented. Using X‐ray computed microtomography, we investigated the endocranial morphology ofShearsbyaspis oepikiYoung, a three‐dimensionally preserved petalichthyid from the Early Devonian of Taemas‐Wee Jasper, Australia. We generated virtual reconstructions of the external endocranial surfaces, orbital walls and cranial endocavity, including canals for major nerves and blood vessels. The neurocranium ofShearsbyaspisresembles that ofMacropetalichthys, particularly in the morphology of the brain cavity, nerves and blood vessels. Many characters, including the morphology of the pituitary vein canal and the course of the trigeminal nerve, recall the morphology of osteostracans. Additionally, the presence of a parasphenoid inShearsbyaspis(previously not known with confidence outside of arthrodires and osteichthyans) raises some questions about current proposals of placoderm paraphyly. Our detailed description of this specimen adds to the known morphological diversity of petalichthyids, and invites critical reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of placoderms.