bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational educational mobility in Bangladesh
Authors: Huq Mohammed Nazmul , Hossain Moyazzem , Abdulla Faruq , Yeasmin Sabina
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Social mobility is considered as an important indicator of the economic development of a country. However, it varies widely across geographical regions and social groups in developing countries like Bangladesh. This paper intends to evaluate the intergenerational mobility in Bangladesh across generations.

Methods and materials

This paper considers a nationally representative sample survey of 8,403 respondents (rural: 5,436 and urban: 2,967). The male and female respondents aged 23 years and above were included in the sample. The education attainment of a son or daughter as compared to their father’s education level was considered as the measure of intergenerational mobility. Transition probability matrix and different social mobility indices were used to find out the intergenerational education mobility in Bangladesh.

Results

The findings reveal that approximately three-fourth (74.5%) of the respondents attained formal education, while more than half (58.3%) of the respondents’ father was illiterate. The educational status of the respondents and their father who lived in urban areas was relatively better than who lived in rural areas. It is also observed that 91.2% and 81.6% of the intergenerational class movement was upward among sons and daughters respectively. The probability of a higher educated father will have a higher educated child is higher in urban areas than in rural areas of Bangladesh. The intergenerational mobility is higher in the primary, secondary, and higher secondary educational levels, though the illiterate and higher education levels are the least mobile classes. In addition, the limiting probabilities reveal that the chance of sending sons to schools by an illiterate father is less as compared to their daughters. Such difference is more obvious in the urban areas, i.e., it is highly likely that sons of the illiterate father are also illiterate.

Conclusion

Bangladesh has been progressing remarkably in recent years. To keep the pace of the ongoing economic development in the country, it is necessary to give more attention to the illiterate people especially the girls who live in rural areas. The authors anticipate that the findings will be helpful for the policymakers as the relationship between inequality and intergenerational mobility is vital for several aspects of the economic development of a country.
Description and analysis of representative COVID-19 cases–A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Herrmann Yannis , Starck Tim , Brindl Niall , Kitchen Philip J. , Rädeker Lukas , Sebastian Jakob , Köppel Lisa , Tobian Frank , Souares Aurélia , Mihaljevic André L. , Merle Uta , Hippchen Theresa , Herth Felix , Knorr Britta , Welker Andreas , Denkinger Claudia M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Most data on COVID-19 was collected in hospitalized cases. Much less is known about the spectrum of disease in entire populations. In this study, we examine a representative cohort of primarily symptomatic cases in an administrative district in Southern Germany.

Methods

We contacted all confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in the administrative district. Consenting participants answered a retrospective survey either via a telephone, electronically or via mail. Clinical and sociodemographic features were compared between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. Additionally, we assessed potential risk factors for hospitalization and time to hospitalization in a series of regression models.

Results

We included 897 participants in our study, 69% out of 1,305 total cases in the district with a mean age of 47 years (range 2–97), 51% of which were female and 47% had a pre-existing illness. The percentage of asymptomatic, mild, moderate (leading to hospital admission) and critical illness (requiring mechanical ventilation) was 54 patients (6%), 713 (79%), 97 (11%) and 16 (2%), respectively. Seventeen patients (2%) died. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (65%), cough (62%) and dysgeusia (60%). The risk factors for hospitalization included older age (OR 1.05 per year increase; 95% CI 1.04–1.07) preexisting lung conditions (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.62–5.88). Female sex was a protective factor (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33–0.77).

Conclusion

This representative analysis of primarily symptomatic COVID-19 cases confirms age, male sex and preexisting lung conditions but not cardiovascular disease as risk factors for severe illness. Almost 80% of infection take a mild course, whereas 13% of patients suffer moderate to severe illness.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022926. URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do
‘He needs pulling down a peg or two’: Assessing online fan responses to racialized discourse in sports broadcasting
Authors: Kilvington Daniel
Published: July 2021

Although overt expressions of racism are increasingly rare within the sport media, implicit and conscious/unconscious racial bias, on the other hand, is a common feature within contemporary sports reporting. A comprehensive body of research has illustrated that Black athletes are more likely to be praised for their supposed innate biological superiority while White athletes are more likely to be credited for their work ethic and intelligence. In addition, Black, Asian and minoritized ethnic athletes, such as Lewis Hamilton and Raheem Sterling, have often been criticized for being too ‘flashy’ by some sections of the UK press, which conjures up images of undeserved riches. These representations are symptomatic of a wider culture in which minoritized communities are ‘othered’. This article, then, focuses on one example of racial bias from BBC Radio Derby’s Sports Scene podcast from February 2020. Former professional footballer turned pundit, Craig Ramage, suggested that ‘all the young Black lads’ needed ‘pulling down a peg or two’ and needed to work harder. This work empirically investigated three online post titles across Facebook, Instagram and a forum to critically examine how contemporary football audiences reacted to such comments. The analysis illustrated that online participants were: (1) divided over whether Ramage’s comments were racist or not, (2) unsure of who was to blame, (3) unsure of who the victim was. The article concludes by outlining preventative measures to avoid such reoccurrences and emphasizes the importance of educational training around equality and diversity within the sport media.
Women and peace-building in Northern Ireland’s print news media
Authors: McFeeters Ashleigh
Published: July 2021

This research sits at the nexus of women, peace-building and the news media in order to decipher how the representations of women and peace-building in post-conflict Northern Ireland affect women’s social situation in divided societies recovering from violent ethnonational conflict. Women are habitually associated with non-political community-level reconciliation through an assumed innate and feminine propensity to peace. This is amplified through gendered news media portrayals which serve to reinforce patriarchal social knowledge, and in turn, this disenfranchises women by foregrounding their femaleness rather than political expertise; and damages peace by marginalizing a significant demographic of the population and intensifying social inequality, which is the foundation for conflict.
The media presentation of the migration crisis: An analysis of the discourse on the Croatian women politicians
Authors: Borčić Nikolina , Glavač Sara
Published: July 2021

This article analyses links between the archetypal myths in Croatian news stories and images of woman politicians transferring through the media to the public. A total of 73 articles have been empirically analysed using content analysis to identify master myths according to Jack Lule’s classification in Croatian news articles about the migration crisis 2015. The analysis covers the period from 31 July 2015 to 8 November 2015. The articles have been selected by searching web extension of the newspapers Jutarnji list, Večernji list and 24sata from 31 July 2015 to 8 November 2015. The data has been selected, coded and analysed per chosen woman politicians, Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, Vesna Pusić, Mirela Holy, Ruža Tomašić and Milanka Opačić. The results show that the dominant myth in all analysed statements is the myth of a good mother. In doing so, the use of lexemes indicates a stereotyped and idealized social role of a woman who cares for and protects ‘her family’. Two framing perspectives are evident: one is a patriarchal, protective and defensive attitude towards migrants, while the other is humanitarian, based on a positive attitude towards migrants. The article’s value is that it provides a perspective on mythological narration within media texts, whereby the mythological narration could be used as a tool for stereotypical and ideological construction on politician’s images in the media.
Double discrimination of elderly women in the media
Authors: Milivojević Tatjana , Manić Ljiljana , Bajić Nataša Simeunović
Published: July 2021

The topic of this article is the phenomenon of double, namely cross or additive discrimination against senior women in the media sphere. Many studies and articles are devoted to ageism, discrimination against the elderly and gender inequality as discrimination against women. Rarely and hardly ever in Serbia, research is focused on the topic of gender differences that determine the quality of life in old age. While some believe that gender inequality and stereotypes end with age, which is in itself a basis for discrimination, and that gender differences are equalized, others believe that gender differences are particularly pronounced in old age, especially when considering marginalized elderly populations such as elderly people belonging to the Roma nationality, people with disabilities, LGBT people and HIV-positive people. This article is a comprehensive literature review article. The authors applied theoretical and interpretative methods of research, discursive and critical thematic analysis. The interpretative method is based on the meanings and representation of different aspects of the issue. The main finding of this article is the existence and prevalence of a gap and contradiction between the reality of longer and better quality of life and outdated media representation of old age, especially of elderly women.
La voz de una autoridad heterodoxa sobre el amor en el primer franquismo. Los consultorios sentimentales de Amparo Rivelles
Authors: Álvarez Rodrigo Álvaro
Published: July 2021

Entre 1948 y 1952, el semanario cinematográfico Primer plano publicó un consultorio sentimental firmado por la actriz Amparo Rivelles. La estrella española más popular del momento se convertía así en consejera sobre la moral, el noviazgo y los usos amorosos entre los jóvenes; una cuestión que el Régimen consideraba como una pieza fundamental en la regulación de las relaciones de género. Se trata de un consultorio singular, alejado de la gravedad, el dramatismo y la grandilocuencia de otros, surgidos en diversos medios periodísticos a raíz de la buena acogida de público que estas secciones gozaron durante aquellos años. El presente artículo analiza las implicaciones de unos textos en los que su autora se permitía bromear, cuando no contradecir de algún modo los códigos normativos, que en añadidura chocaban con su imagen de estrella constituida como un modelo heterodoxo de feminidad frente al ideal franquista. | The weekly film magazine Primer plano published a sentimental advice column signed by the actress Amparo Rivelles from 1948 to 1952.
Margaret Thatcher y la prensa española: la «dama de hierro» como noticia
Authors: Morera Hernández Coral
Published: July 2021

El presente estudio analiza la imagen mediática de Margaret Thatcher con motivo de las elecciones de 1979, 1983 y 1987 en los periódicos españoles La Vanguardia, ABC y El País. A partir del análisis de contenido, se persigue conocer la caracterización que se elaboró con motivo de la llegada de la primera mujer al cargo de jefe de gobierno de un país europeo, hace ahora cuarenta años. La distancia temporal, el variado espectro ideológico, y la relevancia de la figura analizada, permiten adentrarse en la actitud de la prensa y conocer el grado de naturalidad, paternalismo, estereotipación y anomalías con que se trató a la mandataria británica. La elección de una mujer desde un partido conservador, el triunfo del thatcherismo, y el hecho de que fuera capaz de regir a los varones, engloban los discursos principales de las cabeceras.
La influencia de Gran Bretaña en el pensamiento de Ramiro de Maeztu. A propósito del libro de David Jiménez Torres, "Nuestro hombre en Londres. Ramiro de Maeztu y las relaciones angloespañolas" (Marcial Pons, 2020)
Authors: Pérez Alonso Jorge
Published: July 2021

A raíz de la publicación del libro que David Jiménez Torres acaba de publicar sobre la etapa inglesa de Ramiro de Maeztu, se efectúa un breve repaso acerca de las publicaciones de y sobre este último autor.
AQUILLUÉ, Daniel, Guerra y cuchillo. Los Sitios de Zaragoza, 1808-1809. Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2021, 387 pp.
Authors: Zurita Aldeguer Rafael
Published: July 2021

Reseña: AQUILLUÉ, Daniel, Guerra y cuchillo. Los Sitios de Zaragoza, 1808-1809. Madrid, La Esfera de los Libros, 2021, ISBN 9788413840475, 388 pp.
RÚJULA, Pedro; FRASQUET, Ivana (coords.), El Trienio Liberal (1820-1823). Una mirada política. Granada, Comares, 2020, 601 pp.
Authors: San Narciso Martin David
Published: July 2021

Reseña: RÚJULA, Pedro; FRASQUET, Ivana (coords.), El Trienio Liberal (1820-1823). Una mirada política. Granada, Comares, 2020, ISBN: 978-84-9045-976-8, 618 pp.
RIBELLES DE LA VEGA, Silvia, Un diplomático al servicio de su Majestad: Sir George Dixon Grahame (1873-1940). Granada, Comares, 2021, 239 pp.
Authors: Ruiz Mas José
Published: July 2021

Reseña: RIBELLES DE LA VEGA, Silvia, Un diplomático al servicio de su Majestad: Sir George Dixon Grahame (1873-1940). Granada, Comares, 2021, ISBN 978-84-1369-144-2, 256 pp.
KOCH, Stephen, El chivo expiatorio de Hitler. La historia de Herschel Grynszpan y el inicio del Holocausto. Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2020, 254 pp.
Authors: Fernandez Adrian Magaldi
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: KOCH, Stephen, El chivo expiatorio de Hitler. La historia de Herschel Grynszpan y el inicio del Holocausto. Barcelona, Galaxia Gutenberg, 2020, ISBN: 978-84-17971-65-6, 256 pp.
GABRIELLI, Patrizia (ed.), Elette ed eletti. Rappresentanza e rappresentazioni di genere nell’Italia Repubblicana. Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2020, 193 pp.
Authors: Moreno Seco Mónica
Published: July 2021

Reseña: GABRIELLI, Patrizia (ed.), Elette ed eletti. Rappresentanza e rappresentazioni di genere nell’Italia Repubblicana. Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2020, ISBN 9788849861785, 193 pp.
ÁLVAREZ, Victoria, ¿No te habrás caído? Terrorismo de Estado, violencia sexual, testimonios y justicia en Argentina. Málaga, UMA Editorial, 2019, 341 pp.
Authors: Caruso Valeria
Published: July 2021

Reseña: ÁLVAREZ, Victoria, ¿No te habrás caído? Terrorismo de Estado, violencia sexual, testimonios y justicia en Argentina. Málaga, UMA Editorial, 2019, ISBN 978-84-1335-003-5, 341 pp.
Comparative Evaluation of Topical Lignocaine Versus Intravenous Lignocaine for Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion in Wardha, Maharashtra
Authors: G. Swathi Reddy , Taksande Karuna
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The purpose of present study was to compare and evaluate both topical lignocaine and intravenous lignocaine for laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion prior to propofol. Main objective was to study the conditions for LMA insertion with respect to gagging, coughing, Laryngospasm and No. of attempts for LMA insertion and also study the hemodynamic parameters in both the groups (Heart rate, SBP,DBP, MAP, SpO2) METHODS This study included 60 patients of 30 in each group, ASA I & II day care surgeries were performed in our hospital between 2019 and 2021. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group I received intravenous lignocaine 1.5 mg / kg over 30 seconds and group II received topical lignocaine 40 mg. Conditions of LMA insertion, gagging, laryngospasm, coughing were noted at the time of insertion, ECG, NIBP, SPO2 and ETCO2 were recorded according to scheduled times. RESULTS In conditions of LMA insertion, difference between both the groups was found to be significant, P < 0.05 in groups with first minute rise in heart rate, fall in Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure was significant. At two minutes and three minutes after the LMA insertion, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP all these parameters changed slightly but these changes were statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS Prior to Propofol induction, compared to intravenous lignocaine, topical lignocaine 10 % aerosol provided excellent conditions for the insertion of LMA without the use of neuromuscular blockers. KEY WORDS IV Lignocaine, Topical Lignocaine, LMA
Evaluation of the Quality of Life, and Prevalence of Chronic Orofacial Pain, in Patients with Diabetes in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2019
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Babaei Shadi , Jamshidy Ladan
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND This study intended to evaluate the prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in diabetic patients and its characteristics. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1300 patients referred to the Diabetes Centre of Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah in 2019 were studied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic sections, medical history, and clinical findings. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18, and the significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in diabetics was 11.8 %. Headaches with a prevalence of 6.7 % were the most common chronic pain, followed by neuropathic pain with 2.54 % and TMJ pain with 2.38 %. The results showed that with an increase in FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1c) variables, the prevalence of chronic orofacial pain also increased (P < 0.001). People under 40 and over 60 years were more likely to have TMJ pain (P < 0.001). Also, the duration of pain showed a statistically significant relationship with age and FBS. In patients under 50 years of age, the highest frequency was related to pain persistence less than 30 minutes, and in older ages, the prevalence of pain lasting more than 3 hours was higher (P < 0.02). Also, with an increase in FBS, the duration of pain increased (P < 0.05). The relationship between perceived pain intensity and type of diabetes was significant (P < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant and inverse relationship between pain intensity and age (P < 0.001, ρ = - 0.473). CONCLUSIONS Migraine headaches, chronic neuropathic pain, and TMJ complication have high prevalence in diabetic patients, and management of these pain should be put under consideration by clinicians. KEY WORDS Diabetes, Chronic Orofacial Pain, Prevalence
Study on Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in MBS Hospital, Kota
Authors: Jain Pooja , Saxena Naveen
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The Carbapenemase Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality particularly amongst critically ill patients. Hence rapid laboratory detection of CRE hospitalized patients is highly desirable. The vast majority of carbapenemases belong to three of the four known classes of beta lactamases namely Ambler class A, Ambler class B metallobetalactamases (MBL) and Ambler class Doxacillinases (OXAs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemases producing Enterobacteriaceae in clinical isolates in MBS hospital, Kota. METHODS This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at MBS Hospital, Kota from June 2020 to December 2020. 68 non repeat isolates (MDR) that were resistant to imipenem (10 mg) according to CLSI breakpoint were included in the present study. RESULTS Out of 68 imipenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae, 52 were carbapenemase producing as detected by Modified Hodge Test. As per our study, the prevalence of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae was 20.8%. Most commonly seen in K. pneumoniae isolated from urine and swab of critically ill and debilitated patients of surgical ward. CONCLUSIONS Curbing irrational usage of antimicrobials in India is urgently required. Thus, aggressive infection control efforts have been effective at decreasing rates of infections with KPC-producing bacteria in intensive care units and long-term acute care hospitals. Bundled interventions including enhanced environmental cleaning, active surveillance culturing and contact precautions, as well as antimicrobial stewardship are important in controlling KPC-producing bacteria. KEY WORDS Multi Drug Resistance Enterobacteriaceae (MDRE), Klebsiella Producing Carbapenemase (KPC), Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Metallo Beta Lactamase (MBL), Modified Hodge Test (MHT)
Determination of Reference Equation for Chest Expansion in Healthy Indian Children
Authors: Kale Sudeep Hiralal , Jagad Disha Jatin , Deo Medha Vasant
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Measurement of chest expansion is commonly done in physical examination of patients as it gives reliable idea about the rib cage mobility & capacity of lungs along with thorax to expand. Chest expansion values are reduced in diseases and it can be used to check progression of the diseases. In India there is lack of reference data on chest expansion due to which the values derived from other population are used for reference in India. Comparison of the patient with wrong population data will create misinformation & wrong diagnosis. This study was designed to establish reference value for expansion of chest in healthy Indian children, understand relation of age, height, and weight with chest circumference & compare these values with published global values. METHODS Chest expansion & circumference of chest was measured in 229 boys and 226 girls aged 6 – 15 years. The study was conducted in Mumbai metropolitan region and Navi - Mumbai. Standing height, weight, age, sitting chest circumference and chest expansion were recorded. Chest expansion was measured at three different levels i.e. axillary, mammary and xiphoid. The correlation coefficient was used to understand relation of age, weight, height with chest expansion & chest circumference. The prediction equation was derived for both genders separately by multivariate regression. RESULTS Significant positive correlation of chest circumference was observed with age and weight and negative correlation with height. Chest expansion was higher in males as compared to females. Chest expansion had shown positive correlation with age, height and weight. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.927, 0.885 & - 0.337 respectively. Different prediction equations were drawn for males and females for expansion of chest at all three levels. Significant difference was noted in values of this study and global values. CONCLUSIONS Gender wise differences exist in chest expansion values. Males have higher values than females. Hence gender specific equations are needed for estimation of chest expansion. KEY WORDS Chest Circumference, Indian Children, Chest Expansion, Prediction Equation
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Acute Dacryocystitis in a Rural Tertiary Healthcare Centre, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Patil Anjali D. , Patil Deepak S. , Shinde Anjali R. , Shinde Ravindra V. , Shinde Sandeep B.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Dacryocystitis is one of the most frequent diseases of the efferent lacrimal system. It is the infection or inflammation of the lacrimal sac. This is usually because of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Acute dacryocystitis can cause severe morbidity and rarely mortality in patients. This study wanted to identify the aerobic bacterial aetiology, and demonstrate the antibiogram of bacterial isolates of acute dacryocystitis. METHODS A retrospective record-based study was conducted in Rural Tertiary Healthcare Centre. Clinical Data of 89 patients was collected from medical records of 2014 to 2018 documents. Data of bacterial isolates and their antibiogram were retrieved from records in the Department of Microbiology. RESULTS The most common aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (29.8 %) and Coagulase Negative staphylococcus (23.3 %). The most common Gramnegative bacteria were pseudomonas spp. (19.4 %) and klebsiella spp. (12.9 %). CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of bacterial profile in different geographic region, different age group will help to develop and implement treatment protocol. KEY WORDS Acute Dacryocystitis, Bacterial Profile, Antibiogram
Role of Coronary Prognostic Index, and Thrombolysis, in ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andhale Amol , Varma Anuj , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Chaturvedi Anuj , Annadatha Akhilesh
Published: July 2021

Angioplasty is considered superior to fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) if the patient receives it within the therapeutic window. It is unclear if such advantages are available for patients who need to travel from a community hospital to a facility where invasive care is available, since primary thrombolysis often re-establishes coronary artery blood flow in patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). At the most severe end of the range of acute coronary syndromes is ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which generally occurs when a fibrin-rich thrombus fully occludes an epicardial coronary artery. The diagnosis of STEMI is based on clinical features and persistent ST-segment elevation as evidenced by 12 - lead electrocardiography. Patients with STEMI should have a quick reperfusion treatment evaluation and a reperfusion strategy should be performed immediately following contact with the system. All patients with AMI who had chest pain within 12 hours were evaluated. The detailed history of chest pain, character, and radiation, had been taken in terms of duration from the beginning of chest pain in minutes. After 10 minutes, patients were given 10 mg of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and repeated ECG. Patients were excluded if chest pain or ST elevation was resolved after 10 minutes of nitrate administration. In the analysis only those cases in which chest pain and ST shift were not resolved following sublingual nitrates. Serum CKMB estimates have been performed. All patients were treated with 1.5 million IU streptokinase in 100 ml of normal saline for more than 45 minutes. Clinical assessment for 2 hours every half hour was done to evaluate: 1. Chest pain reduction in a subjective scale percentage and to assess changes in the Killip class. 2. Continuous ECG monitoring of reperfusion rhythm occurrences. Patients are assessed at the end of 2 hours of follow-up for: a. Percentage reduction in subjective chest pain a. A 12 lead ECG to identify changes in the ST height c. Repeat CK-MB estimate. Patients with thrombolysis were classified into two classes on the basis of presence or absence of SCR at the end of two hours of initiation. Those with successful reperfusion were grouped into the SCR Group and into the SCR (negative) Group without successful reperfusion. Coronary prognostic index is a set of questionnaires which prognosticate the outcome in AMI. This review describes the role of Coronary Prognostic Index and thrombolysis in patients of STEMI. KEY WORDS ECG, AMI, STEMI, Angioplasty
A Case Report of Hepato Spleno Mesenteric Trunk – A Rare Vascular Variation
Authors: Hasheem Jisha Sree , Avantsa Rohini
Published: July 2021

Major sources of the vascular supply of the gastrointestinal tract are the celiac trunk (CT) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) which are the main proximal branches of the abdominal aorta. The CT gives rise to three branches normally as follows: left gastric artery (LGA), common hepatic artery (CHA) and splenic artery (SA). The branching pattern of the CT is considered as the most literature explained anatomical pattern.1 After the CT, the abdominal aorta gives the second named branch as superior mesenteric artery. Vascular variations of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery are common and had been described earlier.2 These variations are caused due to the aberrant embryological development of splanchnic arteries. The incidence of hepato-spleno-mesenteric trunk has been reported by various authors as 0.68 %,3 0.7 %,4 0.3 %,5 0.4 %,6 or 1 %.7 The importance of knowledge of these variations lies in preplanning of invasive surgical techniques, organ transplantation, diagnosis, prevention, and management of some metastatic tumours and to overcome the catastrophic consequences like bowel ischemia due to common trunk.8 Hence a better understanding of these anatomical variations is considered vital for surgeons or radiologists for appropriate planning and conduction of surgical procedures or interventions.9 Most of the anatomical variations in abdominal aorta branches are asymptomatic and incidental findings while imaging for other aetiologies. But the identification of such vascular variations is of utmost importance in clinical practice. The Hepatospleno-mesenteric trunk [HSMT] is one of those variations and was less frequently reported. The authors describe a case report of the hepato-spleno-mesenteric trunk which was incidentally detected in the multi detector computed tomography study of the abdomen of a 54-year-old male patient who had been diagnosed to have chronic liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy. The origin of the HSMT [with a diameter of 11mm] occurs from the abdominal aorta at the level of the L2 vertebral body and is divided into the hepatosplenic trunk [diameter of 7 mm] and superior mesenteric artery [diameter of 7.5 mm] after coursing for a length of 28 mm. The hepatosplenic trunk ascends superiorly for a length of 20 mm and divided into two terminal branches: common hepatic (6 mm) and splenic artery (6 mm).
Influence of Surfactant Additives on Photochemical Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using UV Pulsed Laser Irradiations in Aqueous Silver Nitrate Solution
Authors: Qazi Umair Yaqub
Published: July 2021

The effect of different additives on the AgNPs formation process was explored in this study. AgNPs were synthesized in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate-containing surfactants by photoreduction of silver ions. The concentration dependency of AgNPs formation suggested that stability was induced by the equilibrium of AgNPs adsorbed by surfactants with higher carbon chain molecules such as SDS and AOT. These results open up a new window both for structural control and the development process. It also indicated that different additives had an impact on the morphology of NPs. The hydrocarbon chain influenced the growth process and demonstrated that <10 carbon chain surfactants such as SMS, SOS, did not constitute the CGC and had a minor effect on the mechanism of growth. However, the NPs formation begun at a lower limit indicated as CGC. It was observed only with hydrocarbon chains of > 10 carbon atoms such as AOT, SDS. Fluorescence results confirmed that after laser irradiation, hemi-micelle formation after the development of AgNPs.
The Impact of the Main Infrastructure on the Effectiveness of Spatial and Economic Formations: Approaches to the Assessment
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Krasnopolski Boris
Published: July 2021

The problems of studying the role of the main infrastructure as the most important «framework» in the formation of the spatial structure of the country are considered and the main regularities of its influence on the systemic efficiency of spatial formations are substantiated. The methods of regional research, the issues of systemic balance of spatial development, numerical methods for assessing the emergence of spatial systems, the problems of development of territories and water areas of the Far Eastern Arctic, etc. are analyzed
Introducing virtual exchange: towards digital equity in internationalisation
Authors: Satar Müge
Published: July 2021

The European Commission report (Helm & van der Velden, 2019) on the impact of Virtual Exchange (VE) on Higher Education (HE) students highlights the importance of VE in developing a wide range of skills, including 21st century skills, digital competences, soft skills such as teamwork, and collaborative problem solving, critical thinking, and media literacy. The report also evidences positive impact on perceived self-esteem, curiosity, intercultural sensitivity, reflection on beliefs and behaviours, and an ability to see complexity in intercultural communication. More recently, the value and role of VE in ‘Internationalisation at Home’ (IaH) has been foregrounded with an emphasis on the design of more environmentally sustainable, accessible, equitable, and meaningful intercultural and multinational experiences (Helm & Beaven, 2020). Improvement in employability skills and competences such as the ability to work in virtual, international, and intercultural environments has also been a key driver for recent VE projects (European Union and EACEA, 2020). The reduction in physical mobility opportunities due to the COVID-19 pandemic further increased interest in VE. But what is and what is not VE? How does VE support internationalisation agendas? What is the importance of digital equity in VE? This introductory chapter will attempt to briefly address these questions, and provide an overview of the organisation of this book which involves selected short papers presented at the International VE Conference (IVEC) 2020.
Making the virtual tangible: using visual thinking to enhance online transnational learning
Authors: Murdoch-Kitt Kelly M. , Emans Denielle J.
Published: July 2021

Tangible visual thinking activities can enrich long-distance intercultural learning experiences by improving realism, respect, and equity. This occurs through the creation of boundary objects, which can be physical objects that generate shared understanding across diverse teams and disciplinary boundaries. In the case of this study, visual thinking activities produce boundary objects in the form of visual creations – such as sketches, photographs, collages, and data visualizations. Used strategically in conjunction with Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) curricula in any academic discipline, these activities cultivate self-reflection, communication, mutual understanding, cultural learning, and cooperative work. The benefits of visual thinking enrich and enhance transnational learning, as illustrated and observed in the course of the authors’ ongoing nine-year study of Virtual Exchanges (VEs) between learners situated in the Middle East and North America. The visual thinking activities in this study complement and work in parallel with COIL curricula or existing courses that instructors have already planned. They can also occur in conjunction with regular course activities leading up to and throughout a collaboration to enhance relationship-building and trust. Visual thinking activities offer ways for learners to understand and appreciate their collaborative partnerships beyond the screen. In the context of long-distance intercultural experiences, the tangible and tactile nature of these activities reinforces the verisimilitude of the collaboration and its participants. After completing these preliminary activities, the study findings indicate an increase in the quality of projects that students produce together.
Educational innovation in times of crisis: learner voices from the Albany-Caracas COIL exchange
Authors: Ruiz Sofía , Hernández Santiago , García Alicia , Chacón Jesús
Published: July 2021

In the digital era, where everything seems to move at the speed of light, unfortunately certain regions and countries are limited by economic, political, social, or cultural circumstances, as is the case for Venezuela. New technologies are particularly fundamental in the educational field, and every day Venezuelan students need to deal with the second worst Internet in the world (according to a study conducted by Speedtest in 2019), sporadic blackouts, a hyperinflation that makes almost impossible to upgrade equipment, and all the stress and trauma that come along. Despite these challenges, at the Andrés Bello Catholic University (UCAB), ranked number one in the country, a class of communications students were assigned a crucial task: take a joint 100% online Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) program with students from the State University of New York (SUNY) located in Albany, United States. The final product was a meta-documentary, while the real outcome was an enriching cross-cultural experience. This chapter complements Jiménez and Kressner’s (this volume) chapter, and presents the learner voice from UCAB.
The Production of Compost from Organic Wastes using Bioactivators and Its Application to Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Plant
Authors: Indrayani Sri , Nuriyanah Nuriyanah , Nurjanah Lisyeu , Wibowo Heru , Priadi Dody
Published: July 2021

Dilakukan pembuatan pupuk kompos dari limbah Jerami padi sawah percobaan dan seresah daun tanaman buah-buahan kebun plasma nutfah Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Garden (CSC-BG) LIPI menggunakan bioaktivator StarTmik@OK dan Tricho Plus (LIPI) dan Promi (produk komersial). Kompos yang dihasilkan diaplikasikan kepada tanaman seledri (Apium graveolens L.) di rumah kasa (screenhouse) Puslit Bioteknologi-LIPI Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah petiol daun, dan biomassa. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS ver. 24 dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (DMRT). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kompos yang berasal dari jerami padi dengan menggunakan berbagai bioaktivator menghasilkan nilai rataan pertumbuhan tertinggi yaitu tinggi tanaman (35,7 cm), jumlah petiol (23,7), dan biomassa (42,3 g) dibandingkan dengan kompos yang menggunakan bahan lainnya. Penggunaan pupuk kimia masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman seledri.Abstract                                                                        The organic waste of rice straw from the experimental paddy field and broadleaf litter from the fruit germplasm garden of Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Garden (CSC-BG) was processed into compost with the addition of bioactivators. The bioactivator of StarTmik@OK and Tricho Plus (LIPI) and Promi (commercial product) was added to the composting raw materials. Produced compost was then applied to celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants in the screenhouse of RD Center for Biotechnology-LIPI. The growth parameters observed were plant height, leaf petiole, and biomass. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver.24, followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests (DMRT). The result showed that the highest growth rates, i.e., plant height (35.7 cm), number of petiol (23.7), dan biomass (42.3 g), were obtained by using rice straw compost using various bioactivators. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizer is still needed to increase the growth of celery plants.
Effects of low-level laser therapy and adipose-derived stem cells on the viability of autologous fat grafts: a preliminary study
Authors: Heo Chan Yeong , Yoon Young Soo , Min Kyung Hee , Nam Sun Young , Lee Kyu Sang , Shin Byung Ho , Lee Seunghee , Lee Miji
Published: July 2021

Background Autologous fat grafts are commonly used in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, and various methods are used to improve their viability. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can enhance the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of various cell lines, including stem cells. Our study investigated and compared the effects of LLLT and the addition of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the viability of fat grafts.Methods Twenty nude mice were divided into four groups: control (group 1), LLLT irradiation (group 2), ADSC addition (group 3), and LLLT irradiation+ADSC addition (group 4). ADSCs were combined with the fat tissue. LLLT irradiation was performed once daily for 1 week from the day of grafting. After 8 weeks, the weight, volume, histology, and Western blot findings of the grafted fat tissues were evaluated.Results The retention rate and volume of the fat tissue in groups 2, 3, and 4 were higher than that of group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant. The number of capillaries, histological parameters, and immunofluorescence staining analyses for CD68, CD31, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed no significant differences among the four groups. The expression level of VEGF was higher in group 2 than in the other groups, but not to a statistically significant level.Conclusions LLLT and ADSCs did not significantly improve the viability of autologous fat grafts. Therefore, further study is necessary to develop safe and effective methods to improve the viability of these grafts for clinical application.
Assessment of RCS-specific SNR and Loglikelihood Function in Detecting Low-observable Targets and Drones Illuminated by a Low Probability of Intercept Radar Operating in Littoral Regions
Authors: Neelakanta Perambur , Groff Dolores De
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study is to deduce signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based loglikelihood function involved in detecting low-observable targets (LoTs) including drones Illuminated by a low probability of intercept (LPI) radar operating in littoral regions. Detecting obscure targets and drones and tracking them in near-shore ambient require ascertaining signal-related track-scores determined as a function of radar cross section (RCS) of the target. The stochastic aspects of the RCS depend on non-kinetic features of radar echoes due to target-specific (geometry and material) characteristics; as well as, the associated radar signals signify randomly-implied, kinetic signatures inasmuch as, the spatial aspects of the targets fluctuate significantly as a result of random aspect-angle variations caused by self-maneuvering and/or by remote manipulations (as in drones).  Hence, the resulting mean RCS value would decide the SNR and loglikelihood ratio (LR) of radar signals gathered from the echoes and relevant track-scores decide the performance capabilities of the radar. A specific study proposed here thereof refers to developing computationally- tractable algorithm(s) towards detecting and tracking hostile LoTs and/or drones flying at low altitudes over the sea (at a given range, R) in littoral regions by an LPI radar. Estimation of relevant detection-theoretic parameters and decide track-scores in terms of maximum likelihood (ML) estimates are presented and discussed.
What, If Anything, Most Memorable Personal Moral Dilemmas Can Tell Us About Women’s and Men’s Moral Competence?
Authors: Klimenko Marina A.
Published: July 2021

Most all popular moral reasoning or moral judgment tests are based on presenting subjects with two or more hypothetical moral dilemmas and asking them to make judgments on the moral quality of arguments supporting and questioning a protagonist’s decision (e.g., the Moral Competence Test by G. Lind). Although these tests have been insightful by tapping some aspect of individuals’ moral-cognitive schemas, moral maturity, or moral development, they also have limitations. Hypothetical moral dilemmas may be too abstract and impersonal, thus failing to create enough emotional salience. Learning more about real-life personally recalled moral dilemmas may reveal more about the individual’s moral mind and experiences. Objective. The current study was conducted to learn more about the personally experienced moral dilemmas, and how they relate to subjects’ level of moral competence and gender. Method. Subjects were asked to recall the most challenging personal moral dilemma; subjects completed the MCT test to measure moral competence. Results. Among some of the findings was that for both, men and women, higher moral competence scores were positively correlated with recalling personal moral dilemmas where the choice had to be made between some altruistic (care for others) and selfish actions. For men, it was the risk of compromising one’s status, whereas for women it was the risk of personal safety.
The Effect of Moral Competence on Online Conformity Behavior
Authors: Mofakhami Aida
Published: July 2021

Moral Competence, defined as the ability to solve conflicts on the basis of shared moral principles through cooperation rather than through violence, deceit and power, has received little attention among different psychological approaches; despite its importance in predicting many of our social interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moral competence on online conformity behavior. 217 students from universities in Teheran were selected for a quasi-experimental study. First, participants’ moral competence was measured with the online Moral Competence Test (MCT) by G. Lind (1978/2019). Then the subjects participated in an online version of an Asch type experiment in which conformity was induced. The results showed a clear conformity behavior in the use of the internet. An average of 32.09% of participants conformed to each critical question. When compared to Asch`s line judgment task, the mean conformity in this experiment was lower, but still significant enough to indicate conformity behavior (36.8% compared with 7.4%), which might stem from the online situation, in which some other variables like the deindividuation effect might influence this difference. The results also indicated that there was a weak but negative correlation between moral competence and conformity behavior. The results confirm our hypothesis weakly; subjects with higher moral competence tended to show lower conformity. If the results could be replicated, it would imply that conformity is not a general and stable trait of people, as Asch assumed, but depends on people’s level of moral competence, which can be fostered through education.
Panic and the Lack of Moral Competence. How We Can Help to Prevent Panic Pandemics
Authors: Lind Georg
Published: July 2021

Often we have to decide on difficult problems and conflicts. For this, a certain level of moral competence is needed, in order to solve them as quickly and adequately as possible. Otherwise these problems and conflicts can overwhelm us, triggering a feeling of fear and panic, and making us react too slowly or inadequately, or both. Fear and panic can make us ignore problems and conflicts, attempt to “solve” them through brute force or deceit, or declare them to be beyond our responsibility and let an authority decide what to do. Often such makeshift solutions seem to work, but, more often, they have damaging effects. Therefore, society tries to curb criminal and anti-democratic activities through coercion, that is, through laws, law-enforcing institutions, and correction facilities – at high costs, and often with little efficacy. In this article I show that such coercion would not be needed if we gave all citizens an opportunity to develop their ability to solve conflicts and problems through thinking and discus-sion. Moral competence would immunize us against fear and panic, and thus also against immoral practices. Moral competence is not inborn in us, and it does not develop unless it is fostered through proper learning opportunities. Therefore, if we want to live together peace¬fully in a democratic society, we need to provide proper learning opportunities for everyone, not only of a few people. If the masses are infected by panic, a few rational people cannot stop this pandemic.