bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etude préliminaire de l'abus sexuel précoce
Authors: Gauthier Marie-Chantal , Saucier Jean-Francois
Published: April 2017

The long term effects of sexual abuse are often measured by measuring behaviours such as social adjustment, job stability and marriage. This study was conducted to add to these internal measures. Using a semi-prospective instrument adapted from G. Kelly's repertory grid, the adolescents' perceptions of themselves and significant others are measured. Three hundred and twelve female adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 (average age = 16) participated in the study; 79 presented with non sexual behaviour disorders (delinquency, stealing, etc.), 56 presented with serious sexual behaviour disorders (prostitution, persistant sexual promiscuity) and 177 presented with no problems requiring psychosocial intervention. Various analyses (descriptive, multiple variance, regression analysis) showed that sexual abuse significantly affects many of the adolescents' perceptions. Sexually abused adolescents perceived their two real parents as less competent and their ideal mother and father as less protective than adolescents who had not been abused. In contrast, their perception of self and the ideal self was not affected by the sexual abuse, a finding which will spark discussion.
Adolescent and Pre-Adolescent Suicide in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Aldridge David , St. John Kimberly
Published: April 2017

This study investigated suicides by people aged ten to 19 in Newfoundland and Labrador from 1977 to 1988. It is the first study of suicide in the province to use the records of death from all eight hospital pathology departments in the province and from the office of the Chief Forensic Pathologist. Cases were selected for the study using standardized criteria, independent of the manner of death recorded on the death certificate. A suicide rate of 437 per 100,000 was found. This rate and the age- and sex-specific suicide rates are lower than the official figures for Canada but higher than those reported in earlier Newfoundland studies. The rate for males was nearly five times the female rate, and the rate for people aged 15 to 19 was nearly six times that of people aged ten to 14. Suicide rates for Labrador were higher than for the island portion of the province for both Native and for non Native adolescents. Extremely high rates of suicide were found only among the Native population living in Northern Labrador, while none were recorded for Native people elsewhere. Firearms accounted for 54% and hanging for 33% of all suicides. Thirty percent of suicides occurred on a Saturday. Only 36 of the 63 deaths included in this study were designated as suicide on death certificates. The higher rate of under-reporting of suicide than in other jurisdictions suggests that official rates may not be useful for comparisons. The reasons for the high rate of under-reporting are discussed.
Electroconvulsive Therapy: Electric Stimulus Variables and the Convulsive Response
Authors: Bean G.J. , Rhodes A.E. , Martin B.A.
Published: April 2017

The ability of an electrical stimulus to induce a grand mal convulsion during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was investigated using four clinical treatment protocols during which the stimulus waveform, the electrical energy and/or the electrode placement were varied. The statistically significant results support the view that a pulsatile square wave stimulus is effective in inducing convulsions, provided that the d'Elia and not the Muller unilateral electrode placement is used. Higher stimulus energy may be required for older patients. The results illustrate successive attempts to remedy a previously reported problem with the effectiveness of the pulsatile waveform as a convulsive stimulus. The benefit of maintaining a database of treatment variables in order to monitor the effect of changes in the protocol under conditions of routine clinical practice is also demonstrated.
Penile Self-Mutilation Presenting as Rational Attempted Suicide
Authors: Conacher G. Neil , Villeneuve David , Kane Gregory
Published: April 2017

Genital self-mutilation is rare, and reports suggest that it is usually associated with psychotic illness. We report a case in which penile self-mutilation was an attempt to commit suicide and justified as a rational action. The literature on genital self-mutilation is reviewed. It is argued that the strong association between genital self-mutilation and psychosis may be the result of selective reporting.
The Loss of a Parent during Childhood as a Risk Factor for Depression
Authors: Patten S.B.
Published: April 2017

While the loss of a parent during childhood may put a person at risk for depression, many studies have failed to confirm the importance of this risk factor. Nevertheless, the relationship between the loss of a parent and depression is of clinical importance. This paper reviews studies of the loss of a parent as a risk factor for depression. In addition, relevant data from these studies were pooled using meta-analytic techniques. It was found that for females there was a significant association between the loss of one's mother before age 11 and depression, and that losing one's mother during early childhood may double their risk of depression.
Prevalence Estimates of Pathological Gambling in Quebec
Authors: Ladouceur Robert
Published: April 2017

Pathological gambling was officially defined and recognized as a psychiatric illness by the American Psychiatric Association in 1980. This survey reports the results of a province-wide study in Quebec based on telephone interviews using standardized assessment instruments with 1,002 subjects. The current prevalence of pathological gambling is 1.2%. The results also show that 88% of the respondents have gambled at least once in their life. The implications of these results for the prevention and treatment of this debilitating disorder are discussed.
Psychiatric Problems among Iranian Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Bagheri A.
Published: April 2017

The number of Iranian immigrants in Canada has been increasing since 1979. This study is the result of a review of 111 charts of Iranian patients who were referred for psychiatric treatment between 1985 and 1988. Ninety-eight percent of them arrived in Canada after the Iranian revolution, which started in 1979, and the Iran-Iraq war of 1980. Ten percent were experiencing trauma as a result of their involvement with the revolutionary government or the war. The symptoms were in accordance with the DSM-III-R criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Sixty percent met the criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed or anxious mood. Six percent had been subjected to physical and psychological torture and confinement. This is the first study that looks at the prevalence of psychiatric illness among Iranians and illustrates the effect of migration and displacement in the integrity of the psychic life of this population.
A Survey of Patient Attitudes toward Self-Induced Water Intoxication
Authors: Millson Richard C. , Koczapski Andrzej B. , Cook Michael I. , Daszkiewicz Maria
Published: April 2017

Twenty male chronic schizophrenics suffering from self-induced water intoxication were administered a 15 item questionnaire to assess their understanding of and attitudes toward drinking fluids. Eighty-five percent stated they drank excessive amounts of fluids in order to feel better. These findings have implications for the treatment of patients with this disorder.
Psychiatric Emergency Services in a Canadian City: I. Prevalence and Patterns of Use
Authors: Oyewumi L.K. , Odejide O. , Kazarian S.S.
Published: April 2017

The patterns of use of psychiatric emergency services in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan were studied. A total of 576 patients who had received psychiatric emergency care from any of the four major health care facilities in Saskatoon during a three month period were included in the study. Visits for psychiatric emergency services during the study period represented 2.32% of the total number of visits to emergency facilities. Most patients with psychiatric emergencies went to hospitals with psychiatric units. The characteristics of patients served by the four facilities and those who visited the psychiatric emergency services on more than one occasion during the study period are reported. The implications of these findings for health care planning are discussed.
A Survey of Anxiety Disorders Clinics in Canadian Hospitals*
Authors: Swinson Richard P. , Cox Brian J. , Kerr Susan A. , Kuch Klaus , Fergus Karen D.
Published: April 2017

A questionnaire on anxiety disorder services was sent to 240 Canadian hospitals, of which 117 responded. Eighteen of the responding hospitals had anxiety disorder clinics and saw an average of 208 patients a year. These clinics appear to be scarce although, according to epidemiological studies, there is a high prevalence of anxiety disorders in the community. The specific diagnoses of the patients seen in the specialty clinics and the treatments offered generally followed international patterns.
Psychiatric Morbidity during the Early Phase of Coronary Care for Myocardial Infarction: Association with Cardiac Diagnosis and Outcome*
Authors: Legault Suzanne E. , Joffe Russell T. , Armstrong Paul W.
Published: April 2017

We evaluated the association of psychiatric morbidity during the early phase of admission to a coronary care unit with cardiac diagnosis and subsequent morbidity. Ninety-two patients admitted for the first time for presumed myocardial infarction were evaluated within 48 hours of hospitalization. Anxiety and depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment were rated. Data were collected on cardiac diagnosis and morbidity. Three and 12 months after hospitalization, cardiac morbidity, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial morbidity were assessed.
The Prevention of Sexual Exploitation of Patients: Educational Issues*
Authors: Blackshaw Stella L. , Patterson Paul G.R.
Published: April 2017

The following guidelines were approved by the Board of Directors of the Canadian Psychiatric Association on April 12, 1992.
Pilot Study for the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey: Part I. Measurement of Prevalence Estimates among Six to 14 Year Olds*
Authors: Bergeron L. , Valla J.P. , Breton J.J.
Published: April 2017

A pilot study for a Quebec Child Mental Health Survey was completed in 1990 with 139 children aged six to 14 years from the general population. Six month prevalence estimates for seven disorders were established using DSM-HI-R criteria alone and in combination with an impairment index related to the diagnoses. Prevalence estimates were studied separately for parents and children. Each age group (six to 11, 12 to 14) was also studied separately. The impairment index, working as a severity scale, lowered prevalence estimates and allowed identification of impairing and non impairing diagnoses. Little overlap was found between informants.
Clozapine in the Treatment of Refractory Schizophrenia: Canadian Policies and Clinical Guidelines*
Authors: Collins E.J. , Lalonde P. , Jones B.D. , Addington D. , Maccrimmon D.J. , Macewan G.W. , Teehan M.D.
Published: April 2017

Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic agent that has recently become available in Canada with potential clinical efficacy in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia, and in patients with schizophrenia neurologically intolerant to conventional neuroleptics. Although it causes few extrapyramidal symptoms, the drug has a number of other adverse effects including a risk of agranulocytosis in one to two percent of all patients. Because of this, the use of the drug is permitted only if the white blood count is monitored weekly. The monitoring system, outlined in this article, requires a coordinated effort between clinical staff, pharmacy, laboratory and the Clozaril Support and Assistance Network. Clinical guidelines are proposed, detailing the indications and contraindications for treatment and the pharmacokinetics, dosing, adverse effects, and drug interactions with clozapine. In addition, the economics, government policies and implications for future research are considered. Although there are administrative and clinical difficulties associated with its use, clozapine represents an advance in therapeutic research. Patients and family members will be inquiring about the drug and many deserve a trial. This article aims to inform Canadian mental health professionals about the safe and beneficial use of clozapine.
Correlates of Sexual Abuse in Women with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa*
Authors: Degroot Janet M. , Kennedy Sidney , Rodin Gary , Mcvey Gail
Published: April 2017

Of 184 female outpatients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria, for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or anorexia nervosa with bulimia, approximately 25% reported previous sexual abuse. Furthermore, previous sexual abuse was associated with greater psychological disturbance, measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory and Eating Attitudes Test. Sexual functioning did not differ among women who did or did not report sexual abuse. This finding suggests that sexual abuse or its correlates may affect severity rather than type of eating disorder.
Assessing the “Criminalization” of the Mentally Ill in Canada*
Authors: Davis Simon
Published: April 2017

This paper is an overview of the conceptual and methodological problems encountered trying to assess the hypothesis that the mentally ill, as a consequence of deinstitutionalization, are being “criminalized”. Generalizations are difficult to make, in large part because most of the studies are American and do not fit well into the Canadian scene. Relevant Canadian findings are reviewed and compared to the US data. There is some evidence that Canadian patients may be diverted from the criminal justice system more often than in the US, where there are fewer resources. However, this conclusion must be tempered by the fact that Canadian surveys have found high rates of mental disorder among prison and jail inmates.
Services communautaires et qualité de la vie: une étude d'impact en région éloignée*
Authors: Mercier Céline , Tempier Raymond , Renaud Et Claude
Published: April 2017

This longitudinal study with a matched comparison group was conducted in Abitibi, an area in North-West Quebec. Its goal was to observe the impact of community support services on the quality of life of long term psychiatric patients living in a remote area. A cohort of 47 subjects, living in a small town with a comprehensive network of community support services, was compared with a similar group living in a neighbouring city with only outpatient services. The satisfaction with life domains scale developed by Andrews and Withey and adapted by Baker and Intagliata was used at four times during the study. According to the results, the subjective perception of the quality of life in the two groups is comparable, even though the objective conditions are less favorable for the group participating in the community support program. The highest ratings were given to the place of residence, the neighborhood and its commodities; the lowest ratings were given to their love life and financial situation. One can observe a stability of the measures of quality of life over time and for the two groups. The perceptions of the sample living in a remote area are much more favorable than the ones of a comparable group living in the Montreal area. These results are discussed in a double perspective: the role of community support services in the daily life of people who are having severe and persistant problems of mental health, and the interest of measures of quality of life.
Psychiatric Consultation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: I. Development and Evolution of the Baffin Psychiatric Consultation Service
Authors: Hood Eric , Malcolmson Samuel A. , Young L. Trevor , Abbey Susan E.
Published: April 2017

The Baffin Consultation Service of the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry has been providing psychiatric consultation services to the Baffin Island region of the Eastern Canadian Arctic since 1971. This report describes the background history, development and evolution of the service. Attention is focused on aspects of the consultation visits, educational activities of the project and the development of a mental health network. It is suggested that this is a useful model for the provision of psychiatric services to remote areas with limited resources.
L'anorexie mentale chez l'enfant prépubère
Authors: Mouren-Simeoni M.C. , Fontanon M. , Bouvard M.P. , Dugas M.
Published: April 2017

Anorexia nervosa in prepubescent patients is a serious pathology, which is often misunderstood, not exceptional and on the increase. Our study focuses on 13 case histories of children between eight and 12 years of age who met Tanner's first criterion (absence of puberty) and presented a substantial weight loss and a morbid fear of gaining weight. More specifically, we studied in our sample the general epidemiological data, the clinical features related to development (effect on growth, refusal of hydratation), depressive comorbidity and a rather deteriorating evolution for the majority of our patients. Our results were compared with the data from the literature.
Treatment of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder with Combination Therapy of Valproate and Lithium
Authors: Sharma Verinmder , Persad Emmanuel , Mazmanian Dwight , Karunaratne Kolita
Published: April 2017

Over the past two decades there has been a great deal of interest in the use of anticonvulsants to treat a variety of primary psychiatric disorders. Valproate, one such anticonvulsant, has been found to be effective in the treatment of acute mania, mixed states and rapid cycling disorders. This paper presents the results of an open study with combination therapy of valproate and lithium in a series of nine patients (mean age = 50 years). These patients had previously been treated with various psychotropic agents, including a combination of carbamazepine and lithium. All but one patient showed marked or moderate improvement in their condition. Of particular interest was the observation that in three patients there was evidence of augmentation between valproate and lithium during the depressed phase of their illness. There was significant improvement in their depression within 24 to 48 hours of the addition of lithium to valproate. The combination therapy was very well-tolerated. It is concluded that valproate and lithium combination therapy provides a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of rapid cycling variant of bipolar illness.
Patients’ Characteristics and Consumer Satisfaction on an Inpatient Child Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Bradley E. Jane , Clark Barbara S.
Published: April 2017

This paper reports the results of a chart review and consumer satisfaction evaluation of referrals to a tertiary care child psychiatric inpatient unit. The evaluation involved an examination of the types of child and family difficulties treated during the period of the study; the nature and extent of assessment, treatment and follow-up; treatment outcome and parental perception of factors related to treatment outcome; and the satisfaction of both the parents and referral sources. Results indicated that children admitted for treatment were a heterogeneous group with severe difficulties from families with a number of problems. Most parents and referring therapists were very satisfied with the treatment, recommendations and follow-up provided. Significant correlations were observed between the parents’ and referring therapist's satisfaction with the service and the extent to which home based problems were addressed during the child's stay in hospital. In addition, some suggestions are given for strategies to improve services. The findings are discussed with special reference to the value of program evaluations for inpatient child psychiatric services.
Stability of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Links Paul S. , Mitton M. Janice E. , Steiner Meir
Published: April 2017

This study examines the course of illness and stability of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a group of inpatients seen at a two-year follow-up. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, as established by the use of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, did not change in 39 of the 65 subjects (60%) studied. Subjects who continued to show evidence of borderline psychopathology experienced more acute episodes of illness during the follow-up period and tended to be more involved in substance abuse. Impulsiveness and young age when first psychiatric care was received significantly predicted the presence of BPD features at follow-up.
Éléments de Compréhension de la «Vulnérabilité Schizophrénique»
Authors: Cousineau P. , Sidoun P.
Published: April 2017

Studies of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia seem to be of interest. However, the description of these symptoms is problematic. Some cognitive tests seem able to establish data that can be used to help discriminate among schizophrenic syndromes and to understand their different pathophysiology. Some of the main tests are described. Remarks concerning their value and the conditions of their interpretations are made.
Informants, Correlates and Child Disorders in a Clinical Population
Authors: Valla Jean-Pierre , Bergeron Lise , Breton Jean-Jacques , Gaudet Nathalie , Berthiaume Claude
Published: April 2017

This paper examines associations between informants, correlates and child disorders in a sample of 230 outpatients six to 14 years of age. K-SADS-E diagnoses and scores were studied according to informant, gender, age group, mental health of the parents, life events and parents' relationship. The results show that parents underreport their daughters' internalized disorders compared with reports of children and adolescents and that male children and adolescents underreport all types of disorders compared with the reports of their parents. Intra-informant correlations and differences between informants suggest an uneven influence according to informants of correlates on the report of child disorders.
Public Health Nurse Home Visitation for the Tertiary Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Macmillan Harriet L. , Thomas B. Helen
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using public health nurse home visitations for the tertiary prevention of child maltreatment. The intervention was designed to provide support to the parents, education about child-rearing and child development and to assist families obtaining help from other services. Eighteen families referred from the Hamilton-Wentworth child protective agencies participated in the intervention. Enrolment criteria included first episode of suspected or verified child physical abuse or neglect, ongoing involvement with a child protective agency, index child less than 12 years of age and remaining in the home, and agreement to participate in the study. Home visits were provided weekly on average over a period of six months and the nurses were available by telephone. Pilot assessment included review of medical records, semi-structured interviews to gather background information, checklists of child-rearing attitudes, child behaviour and development. The participants were interviewed about their response to the intervention. The high degree of mobility of the families posed a problem in recruitment. Nevertheless, the public health nurses were able to develop a working alliance with 14 of the 18 families (77%) who participated. The participants gave permission for review of their medical records and reported that the methods of assessment were acceptable. The authors conclude that the intervention and assessment procedure are feasible and acceptable for preventing the recurrence of child maltreatment. Any decision about effectiveness of the intervention awaits a longitudinal, controlled trial.
A Comparison of Mail and Telephone Interview Strategies for Mental Health Surveys
Authors: Fournier Louise , Kovess Vivianne
Published: April 2017

The high cost of mental health surveys of the general population has sparked interest in less costly research methods. Two low-cost mental health survey strategies (mail and telephone) were compared in terms of cost, response rate and quality of data obtained. A total of 1,074 persons agreed to participate in the study as a sample, one-half by telephone and the other half by mail. They completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Self-Administered, a questionnaire designed to be self-administered, which was used to assess specific mental disorders and to evaluate risk factors. In addition, 239 respondents who were selected according to the presence or absence of specific diagnoses were re-interviewed face-to-face using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule as an external criterion. The telephone method yielded a better response rate (15% higher) and better control over answers (for example, less missing data). The mail strategy was less expensive and appeared to yield data of slightly better quality, particularly for respondents suffering from anxiety disorders.
Study of the Clinical Utility of Radioreceptor Assay in Outpatients with Schizophrenia Receiving High Doses of Neuroleptics
Authors: Gagné Marie-A. , Cormier Hugues , Leblanc Gérard , Lévesque Daniel , Paolo Thérèse Di
Published: April 2017

A radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to determine the neuroleptic plasma levels of 32 outpatients with schizophrenia receiving a high dose of neuroleptics (the equivalent of 18 mg or more of oral haloperidol per day) and undergoing a 50% partial and progressive reduction (ten percent each month for five months) in their medication. Plasma levels of neuroleptics were measured three times: before (T1) and immediately after the 50% reduction (T2) and five months later (T3). A linear correlation was observed between neuroleptic plasma levels obtained by RRA and the neuroleptic doses prescribed at T1 and T3. Furthermore, neuroleptic plasma levels were significantly lower at T3 than at T1. Concurrent evaluations of psychopathology were done using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the results indicated that no correlation exists between neuroleptic plasma levels and the total rating scale scores at T1 but a significant correlation was observed at T3.
The Child Abuse Reporting Laws: An Ethical Dilemma for Professionals
Authors: Thompson-Cooper Ingrid , Fugère Renée , Cormier Bruno M.
Published: April 2017

A central issue in the development of family law and child protection in this country has been the right of the state to intervene in family life. The reporting laws, which were developed in the 1960s, made it mandatory for any citizen, including professionals, to report child abuse (physical and sexual) to the authorities. These laws have fundamentally altered the relationship between the clinician and families in need of help and have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of cases assessed and treated by child welfare agencies. Because of the emphasis on case-finding, the limited resources have been stretched to the point where families with serious problems of child abuse do not get the services they require. Apparently, at least 60% of all reports turn out to be unfounded. Other criticisms of the current system include ineffective intervention, over-intervention and ignoring parents’ rights. The legalization and bureaucratization of the child protection process has profoundly affected the relationship between troubled families and social workers who now must “investigate” them as well as help them. This role conflict is exacerbated even further in cases of alleged child sexual abuse, where social workers are often expected to inform the police of the allegations. The authors argue that the reporting laws have been useful in that society is aware of the problem, and they suggest that it may be more beneficial now to dispose of them. A system such as the “confidential doctor” system currently operating in the Netherlands, whereby legal authorities are only notified if the abusive family does not cooperate with the helping professionals, prevents the negative consequences of the coercive and intrusive intervention in our system and provides an opportunity to work with those families on a voluntary basis whenever possible.
Hyperthyroidism after Treatment with Lithium
Authors: Persad E. , Forbath N. , Merskey H.
Published: April 2017

The association between treatment with lithium and hypothyroidism is well documented. Reports of hyperthyroidism are rare and it is less well known among patients treated with lithium. It may be overlooked simply because the clinician will be watching for hypothyroidism, the reverse phenomenon. This paper describes the cases of four patients who have been on long term lithium treatment, all of whom developed Graves’ disease, or an atypical form of hyperthyroidism. Some suggestions are offered to account for the mechanism underlying this unusual association. Although hyperthyroidism may be rare among patients receiving lithium, astute clinical observation and appropriate laboratory tests are called for to detect the early stages of such thyroid dysfunction and to provide appropriate intervention.
Episodic Tardive Dyskinesia and Parkinsonism in Bipolar Disorder Patients
Authors: Scappa Stephen , Teverbaugh Patrick , Ananth Jambur
Published: April 2017

Three cases of rapid cycling bipolar patients manifesting episodic parkinsonism are described. Moderate to severe parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia appeared in all three of these patients before the onset of depression, then worsened during depression and disappeared during mania. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon is hypothesized.
Reasons for Admisson among Six Profile Subgroups of Recidivists of Inpatient Services
Authors: Casper Edward S. , Regan James R.
Published: April 2017

The incidence pattern of medication and program non compliance, violent acts, suicide attempts and chemical abuse defined as reasons for hospital admission was evaluated in a total sample (n = 416) of recidivists and their six constituent profile subgroups (n = 272). The total sample was drawn from two different state-operated hospitals and two different time periods. The incidence pattern observed for the total sample in order of descending priority was medication non compliance, program non compliance, chemical abuse, violent acts and suicide attempts. The incidence pattern ordering and the relevant percentages of occurrence were observed for both hospitals. There were time period differences in the ordering and percentages of the reasons for admission which revealed an increase in both medication and program non compliance as well as chemical abuse in the more recent sample. There were also specific subgroup differences in the incidence pattern concerning some reasons for admission. These subgroup differences are discussed in detail.
Depression, Mastery and Number of Group Sessions Attended Predict Outcome of Patients with Panic and Agoraphobia in a Behavioural/Medication Program
Authors: Bowen Rudy , South Maxine , Fischer Don , Looman Terah
Published: April 2017

From a list of 214 patients suffering from panic and agoraphobia and who had been treated with cognitive behaviour therapy, 30 patients who had very good outcomes and 32 who had poor outcomes were selected. The groups were selected by the nurse therapist and psychiatrist on the basis of personal knowledge of the patients. The distinction into good and poor outcome groups was confirmed by the results of a follow-up questionnaire completed by the patient. Of several clinical and demographic variables which had been hypothesized, to be predictors of outcome, only depression, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory, mastery, as measured by the Pearlin Mastery Scale and the number of group therapy sessions attended predicted outcome. Levels of depression and mastery might be clinically modifiable variables which affect the outcome of treatment for patients with panic and agoraphobia.
Risperidone in the Treatment of Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Purdon Scot E. , Lit Wilson , Labelle Alain , Jones Barry D.W.
Published: April 2017

Elevated concentrations of blood serotonin have been documented in autistic children and mentally retarded adults. Antiserotonergic pharmacotherapy has been partially effective in treating a subgroup of children with autistic disorder. Therefore, the possibility is raised that an antiserotonergic treatment may be of value to adult psychiatric patients with a history of pervasive developmental disorder. Two such cases are described where the patients underwent psychiatric and neuropsychological examination before and after treatment with risperidone, a potent 5-HT2 antagonist with additional D2 antagonistic properties. Particular improvements were documented in both patients, despite long histories of cognitive compromise and high likelihood of damage to the central nervous system.
Continuity of Care for Conduct Disordered Youth
Authors: Shamsie Jalal , Sykes Cynthia , Hamilton Hayley
Published: April 2017

The objectives of this study were to determine which risk factors associated with chronicity had been displayed by youths who had been treated for conduct disorder in a tertiary level mental health centre and also to count the number of interventions and the number of agencies involved during their many years in treatment. The files of 25 youths with conduct disorder were examined to extract all relevant data. The youths averaged nine years between first intervention and last discharge. Common risk factors were the early onset and the variety of antisocial behaviours and the multiple settings in which behaviours occurred. The youths experienced an average of 19 interventions by 15 agencies. Interventions lasted on average seven months with little occurrence of follow-up. The severity of antisocial behaviours increased from first to last intervention. The apparent ineffectiveness of treatment may be related to the short duration of treatments and the lack of follow-up which resulted in the involvement of many agencies.
Legally Untreatable — A New Category of Long Stay Patient?
Authors: Chan Michael P. , Conacher G. Neil
Published: April 2017

The case is presented of a young and violent chronic schizophrenic patient whose symptoms respond to antipsychotic medication but who was recorded, at a time when he was deemed competent, as expressing a wish that he should not be given antipsychotic treatment. Under the present usage of the Ontario Mental Health Act, substitute consent givers are bound by such a “prior competent wish” and this patient must now be considered one of a growing group of “legally untreatable” psychotic patients.
Delayed Onset Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in World war Ii Veterans
Authors: Herrmann N. , Eryavec G.
Published: April 2017

Delayed onset post-traumatic stress disorder is an underreported condition in World War II veterans. There is little agreement about the etiology of this syndrome. Two cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in World War II veterans whose individual onset was delayed for over 30 years are described. These veterans developed the symptoms associated with the stresses of late life including bereavement, social isolation and chronic medical illness. Theories regarding the etiology of this syndrome are reviewed and a hypothesis suggesting a heterogeneous condition is presented.
La Prédiction Des Problèmes De Somatisation Chez Les Filles Pré-Pubertaires
Authors: Dufour Suzanne , Tremblay Richard E. , Vitaro Frank
Published: April 2017

Several studies of female adult populations suggest that somatization problems appear during adolescence and that they are related to behavioural problems during childhood. This study uses Cloninger's personality model to verify the link between personality traits and the beginning of somatization problems in elementary school girls. This model is based on the interaction of three dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance and social reward dependence. Subjects were part of a longitudinal study of the social adjustment of children from Montreal and Val d'Or families. Evaluations of the girls' behaviour in kindergarten were used to establish personality types according to Cloninger's model. The somatization problems were assessed at age ten following interviews with mothers and girls, and ratings by mothers and teachers. The results showed that somatization problems at age ten were more likely when novelty seeking and harm avoidance were high in kindergarten. The kindergarten girls with ‘passive-aggressive’ or ‘explosive-schizoid’ personality profiles were more at risk of higher levels of somatization problems at age ten. However, Cloninger's hypothesized link between high levels of somatization problems and the ‘histrionic’ personality profile was not confirmed.
Considerations on the Dynamics of Fraud and Shoplifting in Adult Female Offenders
Authors: Fugère Renée , D'élia Andréa , Philippe Robert
Published: April 2017

This paper compares two groups of adult female offenders involved in shoplifting and fraudulent behaviour. Twenty women were studied whose first offenses occurred in their mid-life period. The major findings conclude that an unresolved mourning or loss in the context of high stress and depression is one of the commonalities in the two groups. Another commonality is that a defined classical role for these women is conflictual and the relationship established with their spouses is a repetition of their relationship with their father. The authors suggest that these types of acting out in general are a depressive equivalent, and a larger sample could duplicate the findings and collect more precise data about the nature of the relationship in the family of origin to help these women feel better in their social role.
Group Supervision of Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Steadman Jennifer H , Harper Kim
Published: April 2017

Objective

To explore the practice of group supervision of group psychotherapists using a process model.

Method

The need for supervision and the advantages of the supervisory group setting are discussed highlighting the varying levels of interaction between the therapeutic system and the supervisory system. Assumptions basic to successful supervision are discussed.

Conclusion

The processes leading therapists to understand that their experience in the supervision system can be an unconscious retelling of their clients' experience in the therapy group are explored.
Les Marqueurs De La Dépression Selon Le Dsm Et Le Diagnostic Populaire: Une Analyse De Concordance Chez Les Québécois
Authors: Massé Raymond , Tousignant Et Michel
Published: April 2017

Objective

To query the universality of affective disorder markers, particularly the level of consistency between DSM diagnostic criteria and the criteria implicit in popular diagnoses.

Method

Utilization of data from the Santé Québec (1987) survey to compare depression markers reported by respondents who identified themselves or were identified by a member of their household as “suffering from depression” and markers underlying DSM-III diagnostic criteria.

Results

A popular diagnosis of depression is implicitly different from a psychiatric diagnosis considering an inter-diagnosis similarity of 9.5%.

Conclusion

It is therefore important to become more knowledgeable about the markers underlying diagnosis of affective disorders.
Improved uniform degree of multi-layer interlaminar bonding strength for composite laminate
Authors: Zhao Pan , Shirinzadeh Bijan , Shi Yaoyao , Cheuk Simeon , Clark Leon
Published: April 2017

Due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, composite materials are widely used in the aerospace industry. As a key factor for the placement process, the compaction force directly affects the product performance by changing the interlaminar bonding strength. Besides the magnitude of the interlaminar bonding strength, the uniformity degree of the bonding strength for each contact interface also affects the overall structural rigidity of laminates. This study is aimed at analyzing and optimizing the compaction force when using a rubber roller to produce a composite product with uniform interlaminar bonding strength. The amount in which the compaction force from a rubber roller on the current layer influences the bonding strength of the layers underneath is investigated, and methods for optimizing the interlaminar bonding strength are developed and experimentally demonstrated.
Wear and mechanical properties of Nylon 66–Al2O3 microcomposite
Authors: Guglani Lalit , Gupta TC
Published: April 2017

Composite of Nylon 66 with different proportions of microparticle Al2O3 were made by compounding on a twin screw extruder. The sliding wear and mechanical properties of the resulting microcomposite of 2 to 8 wt.% Nylon 66–Al2O3 were investigated. The study of sliding wear under different loads, velocity and sliding distance combinations was done using pin-on-disk equipment. The results show that wear rate reduces with addition of microparticles and lowest wear is exhibited by 2 wt.% Al2O3–Nylon 66 composite. The lowest friction coefficient is also observed for 2 wt.% Al2O3-Nylon 66 composite and the value increases with increasing load, sliding velocity and sliding distance. The mechanical properties such as flexural strength and modulus, tensile strength and modulus, compressive and impact strength improved with the addition of alumina and maximum values are observed for 6 wt.% composite. The heat deflection temperature of the microcomposite increased with increasing weight % of alumina. Scanning electron microscopy images of the worn surfaces were examined to understand the wear mechanism. The improved mechanical and tribological properties of Nylon 66–Al2O3 composite will enhance the application of plain Nylon 66.
Time-step analysis of the DECC 2050 Calculator pathways
Authors: Barton John , McKenna Eoghan , Thomson Murray
Published: April 2017

An hour-by-hour time-step analysis is presented of United Kingdom electricity grid balancing in low-carbon energy pathways from the DECC 2050 Calculator. The detailed modelling uses the future energy scenario assessment (FESA) tool, which uses real weather data and real electricity demand data from year 2001 to model future supply and demand profiles, suitably adjusted to reflect technology uptakes. The paper describes the linking of the DECC 2050 Calculator with FESA and many of the detailed considerations within the modelling. The calculation of net demand (total demand less intermittent renewables and inflexible portions of other electricity generation) reveals the magnitude and duration of peaks and troughs throughout the year and this allows quantification of required peaking plant, energy storage, demand response or a combination of these. The results indicate that the grid balancing challenge is much greater than is apparent from the DECC 2050 Calculator, with significant excess power from renewables and less flexible generators needing to be exported or curtailed, and, at other times of the year, a significant amount of additional conventional generation being required. FESA also indicates significantly lower capacity factors for despatchable generators than indicated in the DECC 2050 Calculator. The results underline the value of energy storage and flexible demand, particularly in the high-renewables pathways, but also that much of that storage and flexibility needs to be available for days or even weeks rather than hours.
Increased HAGLR expression promotes non–small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasion via enhanced de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Lu Chunwei , Ma Jun , Cai Dingfang
Published: April 2017

Lung cancers are broadly classified into small cell lung cancer and non–small cell lung cancer, with non–small cell lung cancer one of the leading causes of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Presently, the mechanisms underlying lung tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs is associated with tumorigenesis in multiple cancers, including lung cancer. HAGLR messenger RNA of non–small cell lung cancer tissues was significantly higher. Moreover, high levels of HAGLR expression were associated with non–small cell lung cancer tumor lymph node metastasis status, stage, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of HAGLR in non–small cell lung cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. RNA interference–mediated downregulation of HAGLR also decreased levels of fatty acid synthase, with fatty acid synthase levels positively correlated with HAGLR expression in non–small cell lung cancer specimens. In addition, the cellular free fatty acid content of cancer cells was decreased following HAGLR knockdown. HAGLR depletion significantly inhibited the growth of non–small cell lung cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, the expression levels of p21 and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) were dysregulated when HAGLR expression was suppressed. Our results suggest that HAGLR is an important regulator of non–small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion, perhaps by regulating fatty acid synthase. Therefore, targeting HAGLR may be a possible therapeutic strategy for non–small cell lung cancer.
A novel epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor for treating lung cancer
Authors: Gao Jiansheng , Liang Yuli , Zhang Dongying , Wang Yi , Yang Jiamin , Liu Hua
Published: April 2017

To investigate the effects of a novel synthetic epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, COMPOUND7809, on the inhibition of lung cancer growth in vitro and the underlying mechanisms, we treated three lung tumor cell lines (A549, SK-LU-1, and NCI-H23) with COMPOUND7809 and a Food and Drug Administration–approved epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib. Then, we examined cell growth in a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, cell survival in a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis by Annexin V flow cytometry in the presence of fluorouracil. We found that compared to gefitinib, COMPOUND7809 inhibited cell growth more potentially and induced more cell death in the presence of fluorouracil. Thus, our study demonstrates that COMPOUND7809 may be a promising epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor for human lung cancer therapy.
Expression profiling of long non-coding RNA identifies linc-RoR as a prognostic biomarker in oral cancer
Authors: Arunkumar Ganesan , Deva Magendhra Rao Arunagiri Kuha , Manikandan Mayakannan , Arun Kanagaraj , Vinothkumar Vilvanathan , Revathidevi Sundaramoorthy , Rajkumar Kottayasamy Seenivasagam , Rajaraman Ramamurthy , Munirajan Arasambattu Kannan
Published: April 2017

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most aggressive cancer that is associated with high recurrence, metastasis, and poor treatment outcome. Dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis in several cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression of 11 selected long non-coding RNAs that are associated with cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor suppression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and normal tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of the 11 long non-coding RNAs profiled, 9 were significantly overexpressed in tumors with tobacco chewing history. Moreover, the long non-coding RNA profile was similar to the head and neck cancer datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Linc-RoR, a regulator of reprogramming, implicated in tumorigenesis was found to be overexpressed in undifferentiated tumors and showed strong association with tumor recurrence and poor therapeutic response. In oral squamous cell carcinomas, for the first time, we observed linc-RoR overexpression, downregulation of miR-145-5p, and overexpression of c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2, suggesting the existence of linc-RoR-mediated competing endogenous RNA network in undifferentiated tumors. Taken together, this study demonstrated the association of linc-RoR overexpression in undifferentiated oral tumors and its prognostic value to predict the therapeutic response.