bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of babassu endocarp meal type II with different inclusions in sheep diets
Authors: Sá Hemilly Cristina Menezes , Borges Iran , Macedo Junior Gilberto De Lima , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Martins Tássia Ludmila Teles , Campolina Joana Palhares
Published: March 2016

Industrialization of the Babassu coconut for edible oil production generates many co-products and has great potential to be used in ruminant nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusions of endocarp meal type II of Babassu coconut (BEMII) on intake and digestibility of sheep diets. Twenty non-castrated male sheep with an undefined breed were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The animals received an experimental diet with increasing inclusions of BEMII (0.0%, 7.5%, 15.0%, and 22.5%). Increasing additions of the coproduct negatively influenced dry matter intake (g/BW and g/kg0.75). Crude protein intake (in grams) per day decreased linearly with the inclusion of BEMII, presenting a reduction of 49.35 g/d. The inclusion of 7.5% showed the best response for energy balance among all inclusions and presented the closest nitrogen balance value when compared to the control group; therefore, this inclusion percentage is the best for endocarp meal utilization.
Aggregates morphometry in a Latosol (Oxisol) under different soil management systems
Authors: Carducci Carla Eloize , Vitorino Antônio Carlos Tadeu , Serafim Milson Evaldo , Silva Erika Andressa da
Published: March 2016

Changes in soil physical properties are inherent in land use, mainly in superficial layers. Structural alterations can directly influence distribution, stability and especially morphometry of soil aggregates, which hence will affect pore system and the dynamic process of water and air in soil. Among the methods used to measure these changes, morphometry is a complementary tool to the classic methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural quality of a Latosol (Oxisol), under different management systems, using morphometric techniques. Treatments consisted of soil under no-tillage (NT); pasture (P), in which both had been cultivated for ten years, and an area under native vegetation (NV – Savannah like vegetation). Aggregates were sampled at depths of 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, retained on sieves with 9.52 – 4.76 mm, 4.76 – 1.0mm, 1.0 – 0.5mm diameter ranges. Aggregate morphometry was assessed by 2D images from scanner via QUANTPORO software. The analyzed variables were: area, perimeter, aspect, roughness, Ferret diameter and compactness. Moreover, disturbed samples were collected at the same depths to determine particle size, aggregate stability in water, water-dispersible clay, clay flocculation index and organic matter content. It was observed that different soil management systems have modified soil aggregate morphology as well as physical attributes; and management effects’ magnitude increased from NT to P.
Canola oil and organic selenium in quail diets: fatty acid profile, cholesterol content and external egg quality
Authors: Roll Aline Arassiana Piccini , Hobuss Cristiane Barsewish , Del Pino Francisco Augusto Burkert , Roll Victor Fernando Buttow , Dionello Nelson José Laurino , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Rutz Fernando
Published: March 2016

Foram estudados os efeitos da substituição parcial ou total do óleo de soja (SO) por óleo de canola (CO), suplementado ou não com selênio orgânico (SeO) na dieta de codornas (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos, o colesterol na gema e a qualidade externa dos ovos. Um total de 252 codornas foram alimentadas durante três períodos de 28 dias cada, utilizando seis tratamentos: Controle (SO); SO + 0,3ppm SeO; Óleo de canola (CO); CO + 0,3ppm SeO; ½ SO + ½ CO; ½ SO + ½ CO + 0,3ppm SeO. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais e teste de Duncan a 5%. Observou-se um aumento significativo de 4% nos níveis de ácido oleico na gema dos ovos com a suplementação de óleo de canola, em  comparação com os demais tratamentos. A suplementação de SeO não alterou o perfil de ácidos graxos da gema. Nem o óleo de canola nem a suplementação de SeO afetaram o colesterol da gema. O peso do ovo foi maior nas aves alimentadas com CO suplementado com 0,3ppm SeO comparado com CO não suplementado, mas não diferindo dos demais tratamentos. Conclui-se do experimento que a substituição de SO por CO na dieta das codornas muda o perfil de ácidos graxos na gema, aumenta a concentração de ácido oleico e diminui o ácido linoleico, sem afetar outras características de qualidade do ovo.
Quantidades de suplementos para novilhas de corte sob pastejo durante o período de transição seca - águas
Authors: Ortega Román Maza , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Detmann Edenio , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Silva Aline Gomes da , Marquez David Contreras , Moreno Deilen Sotelo , Moura Felipe Henrique , Bitencourt Jéssika Almeida
Published: March 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de diferentes quantidades de suplementos múltiplos sobre as características nutricionais e desempenho produtivo de novilhas durante a fase de recria em pastagens com Urochloa decumbens no período de transição seca-águas. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas com idade e peso médio inicial de 11 meses e 243±3 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Utilizou-se um suplemento com 25% de PB. Os tratamentos consistiam em quatro quantidades de suplementos: 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg respectivamente. Os animais dos diferentes tratamentos receberam mistura mineral ad libitum. Observou-se efeito linear positivo (P<0,10) no GMD e peso corporal final (PCF) com as quantidades de suplementos. Foi verificado efeito linear crescente (P<0,10) no consumo de MS, MO, PB, EE, CNF e NDT com o fornecimento de maiores quantidades de suplemento; efeito não apresentado no consumo de FDNcp. Evidenciou-se efeito cúbico (P<0,10) sobre a digestibilidade aparente da MO, PB, FDNcp, CNF e concentração de NDT entre as quantidades de suplementos múltiplos. As quantidades de suplementos aumentaram (P<0,10) o coeficiente de digestibilidade do EE. Verificou-se comportamento linear crescente (P<0,10) sobre a excreção urinária de nitrogênio uréico (NUU), nitrogênio uréico no soro (NUS) e fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbianos (NMIC) com as quantidades de suplementos. Não foi observada diferença (P<0,10) das quantidades de suplementação sobre a eficiência de síntese microbiana. As quantidades de suplementos afetaram de forma linear decrescente (P<0,10) o NMICR. Conclui-se que o fornecimento de maiores quantidades de suplementos múltiplos durante a época de transição seca-águas melhora o desempenho produtivo e características nutricionais de novilhas de corte criadas em pastagens.
Consumo, produção de leite e parâmetros fisiológicos de vacas em lactação alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes quantidades de xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei)
Authors: Furtado Rafael Nogueira , Carneiro Maria Socorro de Souza , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Moreira Filho Emilson Costa , Magalhães João Avelar , Oliveira Sônia Maria Pinheiro de
Published: March 2016

O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de xiquexique (0, 12, 24 e 36%) em substituição ao feno de capim Tifton 85 sobre o consumo de nutrientes e respostas fisiológicas de vacas leiteiras em lactação. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças pluríparas, com aproximadamente 100 dias em lactação, produção média de 15 kg de leite dia-1 e com peso corporal (PC) médio de 465,20 ± 39,37 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4x4, duplo. Cada período teve duração de 16 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação e 6 dias de coleta de dados, totalizando 64 dias experimentais. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 60:40, com base na matéria seca (MS). O consumo de MS, expresso em kg dia-1, foi influenciado de forma quadrática pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações. O consumo de MS expresso em % PC e g kg-0,75 e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) nas três unidades analisadas (kg dia-1, % PC e g kg-0,75), assim como, os consumos de matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT) expressos em kg dia-1, apresentaram comportamento linear decrescente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A produção de leite (kg dia-1) decresceu, mas a eficiência alimentar não foi influenciada pela introdução do xiquexique na ração. O consumo de água via alimento (CAAlimento) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC aumentou linearmente com a elevação da participação do xiquexique na ração total, entretanto, o consumo voluntário de água (CAVoluntário) expresso em kg dia-1 e % PC diminui linearmente. O consumo de água total (CATotal) não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos experimentais. A participação do CAVoluntário no CATotal reduziu linearmente com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. A frequência respiratória e temperatura superficial nos dois turnos (manhã e tarde) e temperatura retal no turno da manhã não foram influenciadas pelos níveis de xiquexique nas rações experimentais. A temperatura retal à tarde foi reduzida com os níveis de xiquexique na ração. O xiquexique pode ser utilizado na alimentação de vacas leiteiras de média e baixa produção, pois, promove redução do consumo de nutrientes, produção de leite e consumo voluntário de água, sem alterar a eficiência alimentar e as respostas fisiológicas.
Amplificação cruzada de marcadores microssatélites heterólogos em Rhamdia quelen e Leporinus elongatus
Authors: Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio , Tanamati Fernanda , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Maria Del Pilar , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio , Otonel Rodrigo Alejandro Arellano , Castro Pedro Luiz de , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis , Furlan Pâmela Juliana , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira
Published: March 2016

As espécies nativas de peixes no Brasil tem alto potencial para utilização dentro da piscicultura, porém, seus estoques naturais vêm sofrendo redução nos últimos anos. Para diminuir esse impacto negativo, estudos voltados à conservação estão sendo realizados e cada vez mais, a obtenção de ferramentas genéticas que permitam a discriminação de parâmetros populacionais toma maior importância. Objetivou-se através do presente estudo avaliar um conjunto de primers microssatélites heterólogos em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) e piapara (Leporinus elongatus). Foram analisadas amostras de nadadeira caudal de 15 reprodutores de cada espécie. A extração de DNA foi realizada utilizando o protocolo com NaCl. A integridade do DNA extraído foi checada em gel de agarose 1%. Foram avaliados 20 primers desenvolvidos para as espécies: Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum, Prochilodus lineatus, Brycon opalinus e Oreochromis niloticus. Foi observada amplificação cruzada de quatro primers das espécies B. opalinus e P. lineatus (BoM12, Pli43 e Pli60 em R. quelen e BoM2, Pli43 e Pli60 em L. elongatus). Os primers de P. mesopotamicus, C. macropomum e O. niloticus não mostraram amplificação cruzada nas duas espécies analisadas. Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade de uso dos três primers heterólogos amplificados em estudos genéticos em R. quelen e L. elongatus.
The combined effects of temperature and leaf wetness periods on soybean frogeye leaf spot intensity
Authors: Camera Juliane Nicolodi , Ghissi Valéria Cecília , Reis Erlei Melo , Deuner Carolina Cardoso
Published: March 2016

The frogeye leaf spot, a disease caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina, affects soybean crops worldwide with enormous economic impact. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of temperature and duration of leaf wetness periods on the intensity of frogeye leaf spot in soybean. Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber with cultivar Don Mario 7.0i at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C and leaf wetness periods of 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications. When soybean plants were grown at 15°C, affected leaflet area, number of lesions per leaflet and diameter of lesions could only be measured after 60 hours of leaf wetness. At the temperatures of 20 and 25°C this period was reduced to 24 hours of leaf wetness, at 30oC, we found the need for 36 hours of leaf wetness and at a temperature of 35°C, 48 hours. The optimal temperatures for disease development were 27°C for diameter and affected leaflet area and 28°C for number of lesions per leaflet with 72 hours of leaf wetness.
Procyanidins in Lotus L. genotypes grown in soil with different saturations of aluminum
Authors: Chini Sílvia Ortiz , Escosteguy Pedro Alexandre Varella , Scheffer-Basso Simone Meredith , Sobottka Andréa Michel , Bertol Charise Dallazem , Dall'Agnol Miguel
Published: March 2016

Condensed tannins are formed by monomers of procyanidins and prodelfinidins, where the proportion and concentration of their monomers varies according to the plant species and environmental conditions. In Lotus spp., condensed tannins prevent tympanism in ruminants that feed on them. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of procyanidins and their monomers, catechin and epicatechin in the genotypes of Lotus L. grown in soil with different saturations of aluminum. A two-factor (genotype × Al saturation) assay was performed, where the genotypes São Gabriel, Ganador, and UFRGS (Lotus corniculatus L.); Serrano (Lotus uliginosus); and El Rincón (Lotus subbiflorus) were cultivated in soil with an Al saturation of 0-20%. The procyanidins were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography, which was previously validated for catechin and epicatechin. The concentration of procyanidins and the proportion of epicatechin:catechin were affected by the genotype × environment interaction. In L. corniculatus and L. subbiflorus, the concentration of procyanidin was significantly higher when they were grown in the soil with an Al saturation of 20% compared to that when they were grown in the soil with 0% Al saturation, but the opposite effect was observed in L. uliginosus. The proportion of epicatechin:catechin decreased in plants grown in soil without Al, and only the UFRGS genotype maintained a similar proportion under both the soil acidity conditions. The predominant monomer was epicatechin, which varied from 57% to 75% according to the soil in which the plants were grown.
The Effect of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis of Dairy Cows on Productivity, Digestibility and Greenhouse Gas Emission
Authors: Xu Chuang , Shen Taiyu , Yang Wei , Yu Hongjiang , Gao Sansi , Huang Baoyin
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance, digestion of the diet and greenhouse gas emission of cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Twelve cows were included. The blood parameters, milk yields, manure, and urine of healthy (H group) and cows with SARA (R group) were analyzed. The results showed that the plasma concentrations of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) of the R group were significantly lower than those of the H group. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), creatinine kinase (CK) and L-lactate were significantly higher in the R group than in the H group. The levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in feces from the R group were significantly lower than in the H group. Milk protein and milk fat were significantly lower in the R group than in the H group, and the energy corrected milk (ECM) value of the R group was significantly lower than that of the H group. The emission of ammonia and methane by the R group was slightly lower than by the H group. These results showed that the forage digestibility was significantly higher in the R group than the H group. The performance and ammonia and methane emission in the R group were slightly lower than those of the H group.
An Innovative Rapid Method for Analysis of 10 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Wheat by HS-SPME-GC-FPD/MSD
Authors: Du Xin , Ren YongLin , Beckett Stephen J
Published: March 2016

The rapid detection of pesticide residues in wheat has become a top food security priority. A solvent-free headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) has been evaluated for rapid screening of organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) residues in wheat with high sensitivity. Individual wheat samples (1.7 g), spiked with 10 OPPs, were placed in a 4 mL sealed amber glass vial and heated at 60°C for 45 min. During this time, the OPP residues were extracted with a 50 μm/30 μm divinylbenzene (DVB)/carboxen (CAR)/plasma desorption mass spectroscopy polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber from the headspace above the sample. The fiber was then removed and injected into the GC injection port at 250°C for desorption of the extracted chemicals. The multiple residues were identified by a GC mass spectrometer detector (GC-MSD) and quantified with a GC flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Seven spiked levels of 10 OPPs on wheat were analyzed. The GC responses for a 50 μm/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber increased with increasing spiking levels, yielding significant (R2 > 0.98) linear regressions. The lowest LODs of the multiple pesticide standards were evaluated under the conditions of the validation study in a range of levels from 0 (control) to 100 ng of pesticide residue per g of wheat that separated on a low-polar GC capillary column (Agilent DB-35UI). The results of the HS-SPME method were compared with the QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 method and they showed several advantages over the latter. These included improved sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity.
Multiplex Dipstick Technologies for Rapid and Simultaneous Screening of Analytes of Importance in Agri-Food-Nutrition and Health Care: A Review
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sinha Rajeshwar P , Singh Manoj , Rajendran Subin R C K , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2016

Dipstick test kits are being widely used for the rapid screening of a range of antigens or toxins in food, agriculture, and health care. They provide specific results on-site within 10 min with suitable accuracy and are, therefore, cost-effective. Multiplex dipsticks also provide the opportunity for simultaneous detection of multiple antigens in the target sample without using expensive instrumentation, minimizing the cost of analysis as well as the duration of assay. Because of these benefits, dipstick kits are widely being used in the simultaneous detection of several antigens/toxins in large number of samples and in high-throughput manner. This review focuses on the current status of developed multiplex strips and its working principles and future direction of the technology in the agriculture, food, nutrition, and health care sectors.
Typical Kitchen Faucet‐Use Flow Rates: Implications for Lead Concentration Sampling
Authors: Welter Gregory
Published: March 2016

Previous researchers have documented that the concentration of lead obtained in a water sample from piping systems is significantly influenced by the sample rate of flow, with higher flow rates yielding higher lead concentrations. This has implications for both regulatory monitoring and lead release research. However, data on instantaneous flow rates for typical use are not readily available, so a survey was conducted to address this gap. Respondents were asked to measure flow from the faucet into a wide‐mouth container using a flow approximating normal use. The survey collected responses from 21 homes and 43 testers, with 257 individual flow tests. The median value of reported flow measurements was 1.4 gpm, with quartile values of 1.25 and 1.88 gpm, and an average of 1.54 gpm. It is recommended that lead concentration sampling should attempt to use sample flow rates that generally approximate these flow rates.
Monochloramine Cometabolism by Nitrifying Biofilm Relevant to Drinking Water
Authors: Wahman David G. , Maestre Juan P. , Speitel Gerald E.
Published: March 2016

Biological monochloramine removal (i.e., cometabolism) by a pure culture ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria—Nitrosomonas europaea—and a nitrifying mixed culture have recently been shown to increase monochloramine demand. Although important, these previous suspended‐culture batch kinetic experiments were not representative of drinking water distribution systems, where bacteria grow predominantly as biofilm attached to pipe walls or sediments, and physiological differences may exist between suspension and biofilm growth. The current research made an important next step in extending the previous results by investigating monochloramine cometabolism by biofilm grown in annular reactors under conditions relevant to drinking water. Estimated monochloramine cometabolism kinetics were similar to those of ammonia metabolism, and monochloramine cometabolism was a significant loss mechanism (30–40% of the observed monochloramine loss). These results demonstrate that monochloramine cometabolism occurred in nitrifying biofilm relevant to drinking water; thus, cometabolism may be a significant contribution to monochloramine loss during nitrification episodes in distribution systems.
Activism as a heroic quest for symbolic immortality: An existential perspective on collective action
Authors: Elad-Strenger Julia
Published: March 2016

Excellent research exists on the conditions that generate political and social activism. Yet a central issue has remained perplexing: how does the personal need to stand out as unique and heroic interact with the concern for the positive image of the group, and the desire to protect and bolster its status, goals and shared values, in propelling collective action? Inspired by existential theory and research, this paper proposes an existential perspective on activism that identifies the human desire for a sense of meaning and significance as an important motivation underlying individuals' choice to engage in collective action. This study outlines an integrative model of collective action, combining insights from existential psychology with insights from the social identity perspective, to bridge together needs and concerns associated with both personal identity and group identity into a single model of collective action through the concept of death-anxiety buffering mechanisms. This model suggests that collective action is an effective means to satisfy existential needs through bolstering and protecting group interests and values on the one hand, and realizing the activist's heroism project on the other. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Integrative Therapy Focused on Trauma for People with Intellectual Disability (TIT-ID): A Therapeutic Answer to Abuse and Intellectual Disability Experience in the Individual and the Family
Authors: Núñez-Polo Mercedes  Hernández , Carrasco Alberto Alemany , Muñoz Israel Berenguer , Zapata María Recio , Cafranga Almudena Martorell
Published: March 2016

Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) have ten times more risk of suffering abuse than persons without ID. When somebody is born with ID, his/her story is printed by trauma of ID (primary trauma). If we add the trauma from disability to the trauma from abuse (secondary trauma), we find very vulnerable population with a high probability of being re-victimised. Victim Support Unit for Persons with Intellectual Disability (UAVDI) proposes an Integrative Therapy focused on Trauma for people with ID (TIT-ID). This therapy is focused on trauma, including the victim and their families and professionals, through different approaches. It intervenes from individual pathoplasty, taking into account side effects caused by abuse. It also works from a systemic perspective of the primary trauma due to ID and primary grief in the individual and his family. It includes a person-centre intervention with attachment theory and organised through phases from theory of structural dissociation. It is very important to do a rigorous analysis of variables involved in the impact of grief (primary trauma) and later in the impact of abuse experience (secondary trauma). The goals of therapy will be planned according to the individual diagnosis. The cross-cutting objectives are the establishment of consistent links to enable the person to restore their feelings of security and sense of self-worth, and also the development of a resilient personality.
Contextual Integration of Causal Coherence in People with Down Syndrome: Evidence from Figurative Comprehension
Authors: Hsu Ching Fen
Published: March 2016

Contextual integration is seldom explored in people with Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to investigate this ability by comparing causal inferences made by people with DS who were presented with homonyms embedded within sentences and asked to choose which of three interpretations (figurative meaning, literal meaning, or unrelated meaning) was correct. Accuracy was the dependent variable. Each homonym was presented in a scenario familiar to the participants. The results revealed that the participants with DS were the least accurate in responding to figurative meanings and erred most compared to matched controls in chronological age and mental age. It was concluded that people with DS were developmentally delayed in causal inferences and weak central coherence is indeed a syndrome-general phenotype across populations with developmental disorders.
Mucopolysaccharidosis II, IV-A and VI: First Colombian Neuropsychological Characterization
Authors: Astañeda-Ibáñez Nolly Nataly C , Acosta-Barreto María Rocio
Published: March 2016

The Mucopolysaccharidosis [MPS] are a group of orphan or rare genetic diseases characterized by lysosomal storage disorders which are recognized by bone malformations and neuropsychological implications that have not been studied so far. For this reason, the first cross-sectional descriptive study of neuropsychological nature was conducted on variants of the disease, Hunter Syndrome [MPS II], Morquio A Syndrome [MPS IV A] and Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome [MPS VI] in 21 children and adolescents aged 3 to 19 years old, at the Colombian Association of Patients with Lysosomal Storage Diseases [ACOPEL, for its Spanish acronym] in Bogotá, Colombia. Results indicate that for the different types of MPS tested is not easy to make a neuropsychological characterization and generalize these results to other populations. However, MPS type II shows moderate to severe cognitive deficit with a compromise in psychomotor development. Morquio A presents average intelligence, and MPS type VI points to deficits partially related to sensory impairment, implying significant differences between them. It is important to continue carrying on this type of studies to achieve a better classification of these diseases according to their cognitive functioning from the neuropsychological perspective.
Cognitive Consequences in Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Kanemura Hideaki , Aihara Masao
Published: March 2016

Some epilepsy is, in general, often associated with cognitive problems that can also affect a patient’s adjustments. Epileptic seizures result from an excessive, synchronous discharge of cerebral neurons. Interictal paroxysmal electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities are regarded as a correlate of persistent pathological neuronal discharges. Thus, correlation between cognitive deterioration and seizure severities/EEG paroxysmal abnormalities should be investigated. We have previously measured frontal/prefrontal lobe volumes using three-dimensional (3D)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep, frontal lobe epilepsy, and Panayiotopoulos syndrome, and confirmed that longer active seizure period as frequent spike-waves coupled with the occurrence of frequent seizures and presence of status epilepticus may be associated with prefrontal lobe growth disturbance, which relates to cognitive impairments. These findings suggest that seizure severities such as repeated seizures and presence of status epilepticus, and the subclinical paroxysmal EEG abnormalities may induce prefrontal lobe growth disturbance, which leads to intellectual impairments. Achieving better seizure control and remission for paroxysmal EEG abnormalities is a key to improve quality of life (QOL) in children with epilepsy. From the perspective of decreased cognitive problems and improving QOL, management may be required to remit seizures and paroxysmal EEG abnormalities as soon as possible to achieve optimal prognosis in epilepsy.
Los libros de ajedrez en España (1900-1939): repertorio bio-bibliográfico y estudio bibliométrico
Authors: Brasó Rius Jordi
Published: March 2016

El objeto del trabajo radica en la descripción y análisis de los libros de ajedrez en España en el período de 1900 a 1939. Los medios utilizados han sido las principales bases de datos de las bibliotecas españolas, juntamente con repertorios bibliográficos de la materia en cuestión. Todo ello se ha contextualizado con fuentes secundarias que permiten ubicar las obras analizadas en el contexto social de la época. Posteriormente, un análisis estadístico bibliométrico sirve para valorar e interpretar cuestiones relacionadas con la autoría, el lugar de edición, las editoriales, los años de mayor circulación de obras o los contenidos específicos mayoritarios de las aportaciones. Los resultados son de utilidad para comprobar que Barcelona y también Madrid encabezaron la impresión de libros. También manifiesta una alta producción española y extranjera en torno a los años 30. Entre otros datos es destacable la función divulgativa que tenían la mayoría de las publicaciones.
La « diversité » comme capital
Authors: Urciuoli Bonnie , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène , Engberts Sonia
Published: March 2016

Dans les discours néolibéraux sur le travail, les travailleurs sont imaginés comme des faisceaux de compétences, certaines étant dites « formelles » (le savoir et les techniques), d’autres « informelles » (les aptitudes et les caractéristiques sociales). Dans cette conception, tout attribut pensé en termes de travail productif, même les différentes formes de se comporter socialement, peut être considéré comme une compétence. En particulier, les marqueurs de différences sociales peuvent être considérés comme des compétences, y compris les marqueurs raciaux, ethniques et linguistiques, pour autant qu’on puisse supposer qu’ils apportent une valeur à l’entreprise. Des différences que l’on pourrait par ailleurs interpréter comme des indications de race, d’ethnicité ou d’identité nationale sont ré-imaginées comme des propriétés appartenant à des individus. De plus, les salariés sont rendus responsables de la conversion de leurs propres marqueurs de désavantage social en marqueurs de valeur ajoutée. De manière générale, les différences langagières et raciales/ethniques fonctionnent de manière complémentaire dans le monde du travail issu de la globalisation : les différences linguistiques opèrent comme des compétences « formelles » et les caractéristiques sociales identitaires de la « diversité » comme des compétences « informelles ».
Langue et insertion professionnelle de migrants africains à Barcelone
Authors: Codó Eva
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine les processus d’insertion professionnelle d’un groupe de cinq jeunes migrants africains vivant dans la région métropolitaine de Barcelone (Catalogne, Espagne) dans la perspective du rôle et de la valeur de leur répertoire multilingue. Relatant un engagement ethnographique à long terme avec ces cinq personnes, cet article présente leurs trajectoires personnelles et professionnelles, et analyse les facteurs qui ont contribué à leur accès (ou non) à l’emploi. On y soutient que, dans le contexte actuel de crise économique et dans l’espace local de la ville de Sarrona, il n’y a pas d’opportunités d’emploi. Le catalan apparaît comme un capital symbolique dans le réseau local d’entraide lié à une ONG qui procure le logement et la nourriture, mais ne permet pas pour autant d’obtenir un travail. À travers ses discours et ses pratiques, cette ONG dévalorise les ressources linguistiques « non-locales » des migrants, y compris la connaissance de langues d’usage planétaire comme l’anglais et le français. De fait, l’ONG gomme idéologiquement les autres langues. Seuls les migrants qui se sont aventurés en dehors de l’univers « sécurisé » de l’ONG et de ses réseaux, ceux qui ont fait des études universitaires, ont trouvé des emplois dans l’hôtellerie à Barcelone, qui leur donnent une autonomie personnelle.
Les dispositifs de pilotage de la performance en environnement innovant et incertain : étude comparative de huit startups
Authors: Meyssonnier François
Published: March 2016

Une étude comparative des dispositifs de pilotage de la performance dans huit startups appartenant au même écosystème montre que ces entreprises recourent d’abord au suivi de trésorerie et au compte de résultat de la comptabilité générale puis aux tableaux de bord de production ou commerciaux et seulement ensuite aux outils classiques du contrôle de gestion que sont les calculs de coûts, le système budgétaire et le tableau de bord de pilotage global. En environnement innovant et incertain, l’introduction du contrôle de gestion n’est pas toujours nécessaire quand l’entreprise est très petite, quand elle est plus proche de sa base scientifique que des marchés (par exemple dans le cas des biotechs) et en raison du système français d’aides publiques qui rend moins urgent l’intervention du capital risque. Quand l’appropriation du contrôle de gestion est en cours, elle est souvent ralentie par la focalisation compréhensible des dirigeants sur les objectifs techniques et commerciaux et par leur culture principalement scientifique. Enfin les dispositifs de pilotage mis en oeuvre restent réduits à un usage psycho-cognitif pour l’aide à la décision du dirigeant en phase d’exploration ou sont plus développés en phase d’exploitation, mais alors généralement avec un responsable du contrôle de gestion cantonné à un rôle de garde-fou et un fonctionnement interactif. Dix propositions résument les enseignements de cette recherche.
Registered report: IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation
Authors: Richarson Adam D , Scott David A , Zagnitko Olga , Aza-Blanc Pedro , Chang Chih-Cheng , Russler-Germain David A ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: March 2016

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of selected experiments from a number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from “IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation” by Lu and colleagues, published in Nature in 2012 (Lu et al., 2012). The experiments that will be replicated are those reported in Figures 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D and 4D. Lu and colleagues demonstrated that expression of mutant forms of IDH1 or IDH2 caused global increases in histone methylation and increased levels of 2 hydroxyglutarate (Figure 1B). This was correlated with a block in differentiation (Figures 2A, B and D). This effect appeared to be mediated by the histone demethylase KDM4C (Figure 4D). The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Scienceand Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by eLife.
Acoustic carrier transportation induced by surface acoustic waves in graphene in solution
Authors: Okuda Satoshi , Ikuta Takashi , Kanai Yasushi , Ono Takao , Ogawa Shinpei , Fujisawa Daisuke , Shimatani Masaaki , Inoue Koichi , Maehashi Kenzo , Matsumoto Kazuhiko
Published: March 2016

The acoustic charge transportation induced by surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation in graphene in solution was investigated. The sign of acoustic current (I
A) was found to switch when crossing the Dirac point because the major carrier was transitioned from holes to electrons by the change in electrolyte-gate voltage. I
A also exhibited a peak value under conditions of both hole and electron conduction. These results can be explained on the basis of a change in the type of major carrier in graphene, as well as a change in the carrier mobility of graphene.
Fabrication of crack-free AlN film on sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy using an in situ etching method
Authors: Liu Xue-Hua , Zhang Ji-Cai , Su Xu-Jun , Huang Jun , Zheng Shu-Nan , Hu Yun-Yun , Ye Bin-Bin , Zhao Jing-Jing , Wang Jian-Feng , Zhang Jin-Ping , Xu Ke
Published: March 2016

Crack-free AlN films were grown on sapphire by hydride vapor phase epitaxy, with in situ etching applied during growth. Nanoscale voids were formed at a chosen growth stage by interrupting the growth and performing in situ etching in an H2 atmosphere at elevated temperature. Transmission electron microscopy showed the voids located at strongly distorted locations, and hence relaxing the strain and reducing the dislocation density. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction measurements further demonstrated important role played by the nanoscale voids in releasing misfit strain and reducing dislocations. This work opens a promising perspective for fabricating thick, high-quality AlN.
Simulation and comparative study of tunneling field effect transistors with dopant-segregated Schottky source/drain
Authors: Zhang Yi Bo , Sun Lei , Xu Hao , Han Jing Wen
Published: March 2016

Dopant-segregated Schottky source/drain tunneling field effect transistors (STFET) are investigated in this paper. The working mechanisms of STFET and the influence of device parameters are studied with Synopsys Sentaurus. Schottky source/drain MOSFETs possess several advantages over conventional MOSFETs, and dopant segregation can be feasibly achieved within current silicidation process. With dopant segregation, highly doped regions can be obtained after silicidation, which is necessary for band-to-band tunneling. With proper parameter setting, STFET can achieve comparable performance as TFET. High segregation doping for STFET is required to increase band-to-band tunneling probability and suppress bipolar behaviors. Increasing the electron barrier height at source side helps to provide larger drive current and higher on/off ratio. It is also found that STFET’s on-state performance is irrelevant to the segregation length when the segregation length is larger than a certain value. Furthermore, STFET is also insensitive to the Schottky barrier at drain side when the Schottky barrier at source side is fixed, which would relax the requirement for source/drain fabrication.
Fracture toughness anisotropy in shale
Authors: Chandler Michael R. , Meredith Philip G. , Brantut Nicolas , Crawford Brian R.
Published: March 2016

The use of hydraulic fracturing to recover shale gas has focused attention on the fundamental fracture properties of gas‐bearing shales, but there remains a paucity of available experimental data on their mechanical and physical properties. Such shales are strongly anisotropic, so that their fracture propagation trajectories depend on the interaction between their anisotropic mechanical properties and the anisotropic in situ stress field in the shallow crust. Here we report fracture toughness measurements on Mancos shale determined in all three principal fracture orientations: Divider, Short Transverse, and Arrester, using a modified short‐rod methodology. Experimental results for a range of other sedimentary and carbonate rocks are also reported for comparison purposes. Significant anisotropy is observed in shale fracture toughness measurements at ambient conditions, with values, as high as 0.72 MPa m1/2 where the crack plane is normal to the bedding, and values as low as 0.21 MPa m1/2 where the crack plane is parallel to the bedding. For cracks propagating nonparallel to bedding, we observe a tendency for deviation toward the bedding‐parallel orientation. Applying a maximum energy release rate criterion, we determined the conditions under which such deviations are more or less likely to occur under more generalized mixed‐mode loading conditions. We find for Mancos shale that the fracture should deviate toward the plane with lowest toughness regardless of the loading conditions.
Modeling grain size adjustments in the downstream reach following run‐of‐river development
Authors: Fuller Theodore K. , Venditti Jeremy G. , Nelson Peter A. , Palen Wendy J.
Published: March 2016

Disruptions to sediment supply continuity caused by run‐of‐river (RoR) hydropower development have the potential to cause downstream changes in surface sediment grain size which can influence the productivity of salmon habitat. The most common approach to understanding the impacts of RoR hydropower is to study channel changes in the years following project development, but by then, any impacts are manifest and difficult to reverse. Here we use a more proactive approach, focused on predicting impacts in the project planning stage. We use a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model to test the hypothesis that the greatest risk of geomorphic change and impact to salmon habitat from a temporary sediment supply disruption exists where predevelopment sediment supply is high and project design creates substantial sediment storage volume. We focus on the potential impacts in the reach downstream of a powerhouse for a range of development scenarios that are typical of projects developed in the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia. Results indicate that increases in the median bed surface size (D50) are minor if development occurs on low sediment supply streams (<1 mm for supply rates 1 × 10−5 m2 s−1 or lower), and substantial for development on high sediment supply streams (8–30 mm for supply rates between 5.5 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−3 m2 s−1). However, high sediment supply streams recover rapidly to the predevelopment surface D50 (∼1 year) if sediment supply can be reestablished.
Predicting long‐term streamflow variability in moist eucalypt forests using forest growth models and a sapwood area index
Authors: Jaskierniak D. , Kuczera G. , Benyon R.
Published: March 2016

A major challenge in surface hydrology involves predicting streamflow in ungauged catchments with heterogeneous vegetation and spatiotemporally varying evapotranspiration (ET) rates. We present a top‐down approach for quantifying the influence of broad‐scale changes in forest structure on ET and hence streamflow. Across three catchments between 18 and 100 km2 in size and with regenerating Eucalyptus regnans and E. delegatensis forest, we demonstrate how variation in ET can be mapped in space and over time using LiDAR data and commonly available forest inventory data. The model scales plot‐level sapwood area (SA) to the catchment‐level using basal area (BA) and tree stocking density (N) estimates in forest growth models. The SA estimates over a 69 year regeneration period are used in a relationship between SA and vegetation induced streamflow loss (L) to predict annual streamflow (Q) with annual rainfall (P) estimates. Without calibrating P, BA, N, SA, and L to Q data, we predict annual Q with R2 between 0.68 and 0.75 and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between 0.44 and 0.48. To remove bias, the model was extended to allow for runoff carry‐over into the following year as well as minor correction to rainfall bias, which produced R2 values between 0.72 and 0.79, and NSE between 0.70 and 0.79. The model under‐predicts streamflow during drought periods as it lacks representation of ecohydrological processes that reduce L with either reduced growth rates or rainfall interception during drought. Refining the relationship between sapwood thickness and forest inventory variables is likely to further improve results.
Numerical studies of the effects of fines on fluidization
Authors: Gu Yile , Ozel Ali , Sundaresan Sankaran
Published: March 2016

Euler‐Lagrange simulations of fluidized beds of Geldart Group A particles containing different levels of fines are performed in periodic domains with various domain‐averaged solid volume fractions. Bubble‐like voids readily form when no fines are added. Introducing fines does not reduce bubble sizes if van der Waals force between particles is not accounted for. In contrast, the addition of van der Waals force produces significant changes. With no fines, bubbles are found to be suppressed at sufficiently high solid volume fractions, corresponding to the expanded bed regime for Group A particles. With the addition of fines, bubbles can be suppressed at lower solid volume fractions. With more fines added, bubbles can be suppressed at even lower solid volume fractions. When bubbles are suppressed, the system is found to be in a stable solid‐like regime. In this regime, forces on each particle are balanced, and the particle velocity fluctuations are dampened. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2271–2281, 2016
Melamine poly(metal phosphates) as flame retardant in epoxy resin: Performance, modes of action, and synergy
Authors: Müller Patrick , Schartel Bernhard
Published: March 2016

Melamine poly(metal phosphates) (MPMeP) are halogen‐free flame retardants commercialized under the brand name Safire. Melamine poly(aluminum phosphate) (MPAlP), melamine poly(zinc phosphate) (MPZnP), and melamine poly(magnesium phosphate) (MPMgP) were compared in an epoxy resin (EP). The thermal decomposition, flammability, burning behavior, and glass transition temperature were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter, UL 94 testing, cone calorimeter, and differential scanning calorimetry. While the materials exhibited similarities in their pyrolysis, EP + MPZnP and EP + MPMgP showed better fire behavior than EP + MPAlP due to superior protective properties of the fire residues. Maintaining the 20 wt % loading, MPZnP was combined with various other flame retardants. A synergistic effect was evident for melamine polyphosphate (MPP), boehmite, and a derivative of 6H‐Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine‐6‐oxide. The best overall performance was observed for EP + (MPZnP + MPP) because of the best protection effectiveness of the fire residue. EP + (MPZnP + MPP) achieved V1/V0 in UL 94, and an 80% reduction in the peak heat release rate. This study evaluates the efficiency of MPMeP in EP, alone and in combination with other flame retardants. MPMeP is a suitable flame retardant for epoxy resin, depending on its kind and synergists. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43549.
Observation of Single Pt Nanoparticle Collisions: Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity on a Pd Ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Shin Changhwan , Park Tae Eun , Park Changki , Kwon Seong Jung
Published: March 2016

Single Pt nanoparticle (NP) collisions on an electrode surface were detected by using an electrocatalytic amplification method with a Pd ultramicroelectrode (UME). Pd is not a preferred material for UMEs for the detection of single Pt NP collisions, because Pd shows similar electrocatalytic activity compared with Pt for hydrazine oxidation, thus resulting in a high background current level. However, a Pt NP colliding on the Pd UME shows greatly enhanced activity compared with a Pt NP on an inert UME, such as a Au UME, which is usually used for the detection of single Pt NP collisions. The use of an electroactive UME material instead of an inert one facilitated the study of single‐NP activity on the various solid supports, which is important in many NP applications.