bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Fullerene C76 as a novel electrocatalyst for VO2+/VO2+ and chlorine evolution inhibitor in all-vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: El Diwany Farah A. , Ali Basant A. , El Sawy Ehab N. , Allam Nageh K.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Fullerene C76 as a novel electrocatalyst for VO2+/VO2+ and chlorine evolution inhibitor in all-vanadium redox flow batteries’ by Farah A. El Diwany et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 7569–7572, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC03544K.
A method to easily control the interfacial interactions between poly(3-hexylthiophene) and graphene oxide in an ultrasonicated solution
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wei Nan , He Jiaxin , Zhou Jianjun , Huo Hong
Published: July 2020

Controlling the charge-transfer interaction between poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and graphene oxide (GO) is important to improve the performance of P3HT-based devices.
A study on nonlinear absorption uniformity in a KDP crystal at 532 nm
Authors: Xu Longyun , Lu Chengwei , Wang Shenglai , Huang Pingping , Liu Hui , Zhang Liyuan , Li Xianglin , Wang Bo , Wang Duanliang
Published: July 2020

The dependence of nonlinear absorption on different growth regions in KDP crystals was explored in detail by z-scan technique.
Correlation of electrochemical and ab initio investigations of iron poly-bipyridine coordination complexes for battery applications: impact of the anionic environment and the local geometries of the redox complexes on the electrochemical response
Authors: Sy Adama , Bhatti Asif Iqbal , Hamidouche Fahim , Le Bacq Olivier , Lecarme Lauréline , Leprêtre Jean-Claude
Published: July 2020

Iron trisbipyridine coordination complexes can be used as redox storage unit. Their abilities to be used as cathode material according to the nature of the electrolyte, is checked by electrochemical investigations and supported by ab initio calculation.
An ab initio multireference study of reductive eliminations from organoferrates(iii) in the gas-phase: it is all about the spin state
Authors: Khedkar Abhishek , Roemelt Michael
Published: July 2020

The reductive elimination reaction from organoferrates(iii) of the composition [FeR3R′]− is studied by state-of-the-art multireference electronic structure calculations.
The band bending effect of LiI/NaI treated TiO2 photoanodes on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Vijaya Subbiah , Landi Giovanni , Neitzert Heinz-Christoph , Anandan Sambandam
Published: July 2020

Surface treatment of TiO2 photoanodes with LiI/NaI doping leads to band bending which in turn enhances the performance efficiency of the fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells.
Molecular dynamics simulations for glass transition temperature predictions of polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymers
Authors: Bejagam Karteek K. , Iverson Carl N. , Marrone Babetta L. , Pilania Ghanshyam
Published: July 2020

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent an emerging class of biosynthetic and biodegradable polyesters that exhibit considerable potential to replace petroleum-based plastics towards a sustainable future.
Ultrafast dynamics of exciton formation and decay in two-dimensional tungsten disulfide (2D-WS2) monolayers
Authors: Eroglu Zeynep Ezgi , Comegys Olivia , Quintanar Leo S. , Azam Nurul , Elafandi Salah , Mahjouri-Samani Masoud , Boulesbaa Abdelaziz
Published: July 2020

Excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (2D-TMDs) are of essential importance due to their key involvement in 2D-TMD-based applications.
Correction: Additive manufacturing of natural biopolymers and composites for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Bose Susmita , Koski Caitlin , Vu Ashley A.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Additive manufacturing of natural biopolymers and composites for bone tissue engineering’ by Susmita Bose et al., Mater. Horiz., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0mh00277a.
Solution-mediated nanometric growth of α-Fe2O3 with electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation
Authors: Taniguchi Asako , Kubota Yuta , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Ishii Kento , Uchikoshi Tetsuo
Published: July 2020

This paper describes a simple, low-temperature, and environmentally friendly aqueous route for the layer-by-layer nanometric growth of crystalline α-Fe2O3.
MoS2-wrapped Mn0.2Cd0.8S nanospheres towards efficient photocatalytic H2generation and CO2reduction
Authors: Lu Jiaqian , Zhang Zhe , Cheng Lin , Liu Hong
Published: July 2020

MoS2-wrapped Mn0.2Cd0.8S nanospheres with intimate interfacial contacts were fabricated, and exhibited excellent photocatalytic performances for H2-generation and CO2reduction.
Synthesis and mutual transformations of nitronium tetrakis(nitrooxy)- and tetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetoxy)borates
Authors: Zelenov Victor P. , Gorshkov Evgeny Yu. , Zavaruev Mikhail V. , Dmitrienko Artem O. , Troyan Ivan A. , Pivkina Alla N. , Khakimov Dmitry V. , Pavlikov Alexander V.
Published: July 2020

Nitronium borates of NO2[B(OX)4] type with X = CF3CO and NO2 as ligands were synthesized, and the possibility of reversible mutual transformations of these compounds was demonstrated.
Oxygen vacancy confined nickel cobaltite nanostructures as an excellent interface for the enzyme-free electrochemical sensing of extracellular H2O2 secreted from live cells
Authors: Balasubramanian Paramasivam , He Shao-Bin , Jansirani Arumugam , Deng Hao-Hua , Peng Hua-Ping , Xia Xing-Hua , Chen Wei
Published: July 2020

Oxygen vacancy (OV) manufacturing is an effective way to boost the efficiency of a catalyst; therefore, the development of OV-rich catalysts has attracted substantial research interest.
Bicontinuous transition metal phosphides/rGO binder-free electrodes: generalized synthesis and excellent cycling stability for sodium storage
Authors: Fu Yanpeng , Zhang Zhibo , Zhu Changbao
Published: July 2020

A general approach has been developed to prepare transition metal phosphides using the ESD technique. 3D porous Cu3P/rGO nanocomposites as modeling anodes for Na-ion storage exhibit excellent cycling performance and remarkable rate capacities.
A pH-activated autocatalytic nanoreactor for self-boosting Fenton-like chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Hongshuai , Chen Fanghui , Gu Dihai , You Chaoqun , Sun Baiwang
Published: July 2020

A pH-activated autocatalytic nanoreactor was designed for self-boosted Fenton-like chemodynamic therapy via GSH depletion and H2O2 self-sufficiency.
An electron holography study of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions nanostructured by deposition on pre-patterned conducting pillars
Authors: Boureau V. , Nguyen V. D. , Masseboeuf A. , Palomino A. , Gautier E. , Chatterjee J. , Lequeux S. , Auffret S. , Vila L. , Sousa R. , Prejbeanu L. , Cooper D. , Dieny B.
Published: July 2020

Electron holography investigation of the magnetic induction field of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions for the fabrication of magnetic random access memories (MRAM), and temperature behavior.
One-component cationic photoinitiators based on coumarin scaffold iodonium salts as highly sensitive photoacid generators for 3D printing IPN photopolymers under visible LED sources
Authors: Topa Monika , Hola Emilia , Galek Mariusz , Petko Filip , Pilch Maciej , Popielarz Roman , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Graff Bernadette , Lalevée Jacques , Ortyl Joanna
Published: July 2020

This paper describes the development of new coumarin chromophore-based iodonium salts as efficient one-component cationic photoinitiators upon LEDs irradiation with maximum emission under the UV-A region at 365 nm and under visible light at 405 nm.
Forced gradient copolymerisation: a simplified approach for polymerisation-induced self-assembly
Authors: Xu Sihao , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille
Published: July 2020

In this work, a novel and versatile gradient copolymerisation approach to simplify polymeric nanoparticle synthesis through polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) is reported.
Oxygen and peroxide bridged uranyl(vi) dimers bearing tetradentate hybrid ligands: supramolecular self-assembly and generation pathway
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Xueyu , Chen Baihua , Lv Lina , Li Qiang , Li Xingliang , Ding Songdong , Yang Yanqiu
Published: July 2020

Crystals of U(vi) complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxamide and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamide were obtained under variable reaction conditions, and the structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Luminescent vapochromic single crystal to single crystal transition in one-dimensional coordination polymer featuring the first Cu(i) dimer bridged by an aqua ligand
Authors: Evariste Sloane , Khalil Ali Moustafa , Kerneis Sebastien , Xu Chendong , Calvez Guillaume , Costuas Karine , Lescop Christophe
Published: July 2020

Vapochromic luminescence caused by included solvent mobility is observed in reversible single-crystal to single-crystal (SC–SC) transitions in a one-dimensional coordination polymer bearing the first reported water molecule bridging two Cu(i) ions.
Identifying misbonded atoms in the 2019 CoRE metal–organic framework database
Authors: Chen Taoyi , Manz Thomas A.
Published: July 2020

The 2019 CoRE MOF database was cleaned by identifying structures containing isolated atoms, overlapping atoms, misplaced hydrogens, and under/over-bonded carbons.
Rapid isolation of antigen-specific B-cells using droplet microfluidics
Authors: Ding Ruihua , Hung Kuo-Chan , Mitra Anindita , Ung Lloyd W. , Lightwood Daniel , Tu Ran , Starkie Dale , Cai Liheng , Mazutis Linas , Chong Shaorong , Weitz David A. , Heyman John A.
Published: July 2020

We use a droplet-microfluidics-based platform to rapidly identify and isolate individual primary cells that secrete desired antibodies. We then retrieve the antibody-encoding sequences and create recombinant antibodies that bind the target protein.
Selective α,δ-hydrocarboxylation of conjugated dienes utilizing CO2 and electrosynthesis
Authors: Sheta Ahmed M. , Mashaly Mohammad A. , Said Samy B. , Elmorsy Saad S. , Malkov Andrei V. , Buckley Benjamin R.
Published: July 2020

Selective electrosynthetic α,δ-hydrocarboxylation of 1,3-dienes is reported, utilising non-sacrificial electrodes that provide access to the previously challenging δ-carboxylated regioisomer.
Selective single-atom electrocatalysts: a review with a focus on metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks
Authors: Kamiya Kazuhide
Published: July 2020

Single-atom electrocatalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention as selective electrocatalysts. Metal-doped covalent triazine frameworks will be a novel platform for selective SACs to solve energy and environmental issues.
An epoxy-reinforced ceramic sheet as a durable solid electrolyte for solid state Na-ion batteries
Authors: Lim Young Jun , Han Jinhyup , Kim Hyun Woo , Choi Yunseok , Lee Eungje , Kim Youngsik
Published: July 2020

A NASICON ceramic electrolyte are pre-formed with sintering ion conduction channel and epoxy-resin polymer infiltrate inside of NASICON pores. This method maintains ionic conductivity of ceramic and can fabricate thin sheet-type solid electrolyte.
A natural hyperoside based novel light-up fluorescent probe with AIE and ESIPT characteristics for on-site and long-term imaging of β-galactosidase in living cells
Authors: Long Ruiqing , Tang Cui , Yang Zan , Fu Qiachi , Xu Jinju , Tong Chaoying , Shi Shuyun , Guo Ying , Wang Daijie
Published: July 2020

Fluorescence-based on-site and long-term sensing and bioimaging of biomarkers are highly desired for effective diagnosis.
Single-component conductors based on closed-shell Ni and Pt bis(dithiolene) complexes: metallization under high pressure
Authors: Hachem Hadi , Cui HengBo , Tsumuraya Takao , Kato Reizo , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc , Lorcy Dominique
Published: July 2020

Application of quasi-hydrostatic pressures turns the semiconducting, closed-shell neutral nickel bis(dithiolene) complex [Ni(Et-thiazdt)2]0 into a metallic state over the whole temperature range, at variance with the analogous methyl derivative.
Geometry of the X-ray source 1H 0707–495
Authors: Szanecki Michał , Niedźwiecki Andrzej , Done Chris , Klepczarek Łukasz , Lubiński Piotr , Mizumoto Misaki
Published: July 2020

Aims. We investigate the constraints on the size and location of the X-ray source in 1H 0707–495 determined from the shape of the relativistically smeared reflection from the accretion disc.

Methods. We developed a new code to model an extended X-ray source and we applied this code to all archival XMM observations of 1H 0707–495.

Results. In contrast to earlier works we find that the relativistic reflection in this source is not consistent with an extended uniform corona. Instead, we find that the X-ray source must be very compact, at most a gravitational radius in size, and located at most a few gravitational radii from the black-hole horizon. A uniform extended corona produces an emissivity that is similar to a twice-broken power-law, but the inner emissivity is fixed by the source geometry rather than being a free parameter. In 1H0707–495, the reflection from the inner disc is much stronger than expected for a uniformly extended source. Including the effect of ionised absorption from the wind does not change this conclusion, but including scattered emission (and more complex absorption) from the wind can dramatically change the reflection parameters.
First report of freshwater atyid shrimp, Caridina formosae (Decapoda: Caridea) as a host of ectosymbiotic branchiobdellidan, Holtodrilus truncatus (Annelida, Citellata)
Authors: Maciaszek Rafał , Jabłońska Aleksandra , Prati Sebastian , Świderek Wiesław
Published: July 2020

In recent years, ornamental shrimps gained increasing popularity in the aquarium trade. Unfortunately, they are potential vectors of epibionts, which may be unintentionally introduced to aquaria with imported shrimps. This contribution presents the first report of the occurrence of Holtodrilus truncatus on aquarium freshwater shrimp Caridina formosae. A total of 120 shrimp imported from Taiwan as aquarium pets were examined for the presence of epibionts. Holtodrilus truncatus occurred in 23.3% of shrimps. A total of 29.6% of crustaceans showed signs of damages as a result of H. truncatus activity. The shrimp is not common in the ornamental trade and is not subject to selective breeding. Therefore C. formosae populations available on the market, if not wild-caught, are most likely very similar to those occurring in Taiwanese natural water bodies, where H. truncatus occurs in Neocaridina shrimp. Neocaridina spp. are a known host for this epibiont, and transmission between species might occur in nature as well as in the aquarium trade were densities of animals are often high. The ability of H. truncatus to infect also highly invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii, might also pose concern for regions where this crustacean is widespread. The actual lack of preventive measures for shrimp epibionts as well as confirmed releases of ornamental crustaceans into new aquatic ecosystems may result in further spread of H. truncatus, a potential new threat to native crustaceans and other epibionts.
A small omnivore fish (Acheilognathus macropterus) reduces both growth and biomass of submerged macrophytes: implications for shallow lake restoration
Authors: Yu Jinlei , Xia Manli , Zhen Wei , He Hu , Shen Ruijie , Guan Baohua , Liu Zhengwen
Published: July 2020

Transplantation of submerged macrophytes has been widely used to improve water quality in restoring shallow lakes in China. However, in some lakes, small omnivorous fish predominated the fish assemblages and fed mainly on submerged macrophytes. Despite significant research examining grazing selectivity in herbivorous fishes, macrophyte feeding preferences of small omnivorous fishes are poorly understood. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine the effects of a prolific small omnivorous bitterling fish Acheilognathus macropterus on the relative growth rate (RGR) and biomass of submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Vallisneria denseserrulata, and Hydrilla verticillata). Our results showed that the presence of A. macropterus significantly increased nutrient concentrations (e.g. total nitrogen and total phosphorus). The RGR of C. demersum in the bitterling-present treatment was significantly lower than the controls, in the presence of other macrophyte species. Further, total biomass of the four species of macrophytes in the fish-present mesocosms was markedly lower than in the fish-absent treatment, suggesting considerable consumption of macrophytes by bitterling. Moreover, the percent biomass of V. denserrulata and H. verticillata were significantly enhanced by the presence of bitterling. Our findings suggest that A. macropterus may increase nutrient concentrations through excretion and reduce the biomass and RGR of certain submerged macrophytes which may shift macrophyte community structure via selective grazing.
Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung von Genesungsbegleitenden im klinisch-psychiatrischen Alltag
Authors: Groß Sophie E. , Zielasek Jürgen , Kitzig Friedhelm , Schröder Monika , Jahnke Bettina , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank Euphrosyne
Published: July 2020

Ziel Seit 2016 sind Genesungsbegleitende (GB) in einem Klinikverbund mit 9 psychiatrischen Kliniken im Einsatz. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es, Erwartungen und Erfahrungen mit Genesungsbegleitung zu erheben.

Methodik Bei einem Projekttag erfolgte eine anonyme Befragung von 12 GB und 32 klinisch tätigen Personen (Schlüsselpersonen: SP) aus allen Kliniken.

Ergebnisse Die Bedeutung der Genesungsbegleitung, die Zusammenarbeit mit Stationsteams und die Unterstützung durch Vorgesetzte wurden positiv bewertet. SP schätzten die Bedeutung der GB höher ein als die GB selbst. GB wünschten sich tendenziell mehr Selbstständigkeit als von SP gewünscht. Im Vergleich zur Selbstwahrnehmung erlebten SP die GB als etwas unsicherer und belasteter.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigte sich eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeit der GB, aber auch Unterschiede zwischen Fremd- und Selbstwahrnehmung. Benötigt werden qualitative und umfangreichere quantitative Befragungen.
White Matter Lesions in Adults – a Differential Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Weidauer Stefan , Wagner Marlies , Hattingen Elke
Published: July 2020

Objective Cerebral white matter lesions on MRI in adults are a common finding. On the one hand, they may correspond to a clinically incidental feature, be physiologically or age-associated, or on the other hand they may be the overture to a severe neurological disease. With regard to pathophysiological aspects, practical hints for the differential diagnostic interpretation of lesions in daily clinical practice are presented.

Material and Methods With special regard to the vascular architecture and supply of the cerebral white matter, physiological structures are schematically represented and pathophysiological processes are highlighted by comparative image analysis of equally angulated MR sequences.

Results The most frequent vascular, inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic disease entities are presented on the basis of characteristic imaging findings and corresponding clinical- neurological constellations. The details of signal intensities and localization essential for differential diagnosis are highlighted.

Conclusion By means of comparative image analysis and the recognition of characteristic lesion patterns, taking into account anatomical principles and pathophysiological processes, the differential diagnostic classification of cerebral white matter lesions and associated diseases can be significantly facilitated. The additional consideration of clinical and laboratory findings is essential.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Ultrasound Examination of the Pupil – A New Tool for the Neuro-Ophthalmological Assessment
Authors: Farina Filippo , Vosko Milan R. , Baracchini Claudio , Ermani Mario , Sommer Peter , Greisenegger Stefan , Laubichler Peter , Struhal Walter , Kellermair Lukas , Ransmayr Gerhard , Brunner Cornelia
Published: July 2020

Background Pupil examination represents a diagnostic and prognostic test in the management of several neurological diseases. Infrared video pupillometry (IVP) is the gold standard, since it is not routinely available, a noninvasive bedside ultrasound assessment has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and reproducibility of ultrasound pupillometry (UP) in comparison with IVP.

Materials and Methods 81 subjects (43 men and 38 women, mean age: 52 ± 20 years and 49 ± 19 years, respectively) with no history of neurophthalmologic disease were enrolled. UP was performed with a 12-MHz linear probe according to current guidelines for orbital insonation. Light and painful stimuli were applied to test pupillary light reflex (PLR) and ciliospinal reflex (CR). In 30 of these subjects IVP examination was performed additionally to obtain intra-observer and inter-observer agreement.

Results Increasing age was associated with a decreased pupillary diameter (PD) at rest, after PLR and CR (R –0.728, p < 0.01, R –0.643, p < 0.01, R 0.674, p < 0.001 respectively), while no association was noticed with time to constriction/dilation. UP measurements were reproducible (rate of inter- and intra-observer agreement: R 0.979, p < 0.01, R 0.946, p < 0.01 respectively) and concordant with IVP (PLR R 0.831, p < 0.01; CR R 0.879, p < 0.01).

Conclusion According to our study, ultrasound pupillometry is a feasible and reliable technique for bedside pupillary function assessment, and is a good alternative to infrared video pupillometry. Moreover, it represents the only way for functional pupillary assessment in patients with periorbital hematoma.
From Enantioselective to Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening and Radical Arylation – Useful or Just Interesting?
Authors: Gansäuer Andreas
Published: July 2020

It is shown how the simple titanocene(III)-catalyzed reductive opening of epoxides has developed from a highly selective desymmetrizing opening of meso-epoxides. The combination of the origins of regioselectivity with atom-economic catalysis in single electron steps results in a highly selective regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO).

1 Introduction

2 Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening

3 Atom Economy and Epoxide Arylation

4 REO Arylation

5 Words about the Wording

6 Conclusion
Reintroducción de la circuncisión como una técnica quirúrgica reconstructiva
Authors: Moreno Bencardino Camila , Fernandez Jose Nicolas
Published: July 2020

La circuncisión es una cirugía practicada frecuentemente en urología. Sin tener en cuenta los principios básicos de la cirugía reconstructiva, puede generar procesos de cicatrización anómalos, con resultados estéticos y funcionales inadecuados, fimosis secundaria, cicatrización hipertrófica, queloide o “pene enterrado.” El objetivo de este video es recordar la importancia de operar con las directrices de una cirugía reconstructiva, resaltando el cuidado de los tejidos y el uso de suturas de bajo calibre, para prevenir complicaciones y resultados insatisfactorios, resaltando la preservación de las zonas postuladas por Firlit. Se sospecha que las complicaciones de este procedimiento son subestimadas por los especialistas. El manejo cuidadoso de los tejidos, el uso de suturas de bajo calibre y los puntos subcuticulares con poca tensión, son medios para optimizar el proceso de cicatrización, evitando la isquemia y las cicatrices hipertróficas, basados en el fundamento de que esta es una cirugía no solo funcional, sino reconstructiva y estética. La circuncisión es un procedimiento que debe conservar la funcionalidad y estética del pene, por lo que debe ser realizado bajo las directrices de una cirugía reconstructiva.
NAXD Deficiency Associated with Perinatal Autoinflammation, Pancytopenia, Dermatitis, Colitis, and Cystic Encephalomalacia
Authors: Lucas Nadja , Dückers Gregor , Speckmann Carsten , Ehl Stephan , Utz Norbert , Cheng Bochen , Fang Mingyan , Niehues Tim , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae
Published: July 2020

NAD(P)HX dehydratase (NAXD) catalyzes the recovery of toxic derivatives of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides which play an essential role in mitochondrial metabolism. Mutations in NAXD were recently shown to cause early-onset neurodegeneration exacerbated by febrile illness. Here, we report a novel homozygous stop-gain variant in NAXD in an infant who presented with a fulminant course of autoinflammation, dermatitis, colitis, and cystic encephalomalacia beginning at 3 weeks of age. Our findings support the central role of NAXD-mediated metabolite repair for normal tissue function and implicate innate immune processes in the pathogenesis of NAXD deficiency.
Transcranial Approaches to the Orbit
Authors: Gardner Paul A. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Formentin Cleiton , Pichugin Arseniy
Published: July 2020

Transcranial approaches to the orbit provide familiar and flexible approaches with wide access to the majority of the orbit, only limited in the inferomedial orbit. A pterional craniotomy is the predominant approach but can be expanded with an orbital or zygomatic osteotomy for even wider access. Minimally invasive approaches, such as the lateral supraorbital or “eyebrow” supraorbital approach, are options for selected pathologies and minimize morbidity related to the approach.
Periostin: Immunomodulatory Effects on Oral Diseases
Authors: Khurshid Zohaib , Mali Maria , Adanir Necdet , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Khan Rabia Sannam , Latif Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Periostin is a microcellular adapter protein. It plays a wide range of essential roles during the development and in immunomodulation. Periostin is a prominent contributor during the process of angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cardiac repair. It is expressed in periodontal ligaments, tendons, skin, adipose tissues, muscle, and bone. This is a protein-based biomolecule that has the diagnostic and monitoring capability and can potentially be used as a biomarker to detect physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore the periostin morphology and associated structural features. Additionally, periostin’s immunomodulatory effects and associated biomarkers in context of oral diseases have been discussed.
Role of Hydroxyapatite and Ellagic Acid in the Osteogenesis
Authors: Wardhana Agung Satria , Nirwana Intan , Budi Hendrik Setia , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: July 2020

Objective Ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic antioxidant, has benefits in bone health and wound healing. The combination of EA and hydroxyapatite (HA) (EA-HA) is expected to increase osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze osteogenesis after application of EA-HA according to the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone and the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and osteocalcin (OCN) protein.

Materials and Methods Thirty Wistar rats were assessed with bone defects created in the left femur. The defects were filled with EA-HA and then sutured. Control groups were filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or HA. Each group was sacrificed either 7 or 14 days after treatment.

Results The defects filled with EA-HA exhibited the highest number of osteoblasts and the greatest expression of OPG and OCN at both day 7 and day 14 (p = 0.000). Conversely, treatment with EA-HA resulted in lower numbers of osteoclasts and reduced RANKL staining at both time points (p = 0.000).

Conclusions EA-HA can increase osteogenesis in bone defects by increasing the number of osteoblasts and the expression of OPG and OCN.
Diffuse Alveolar Damage Correlation with Clinical Diagnosis of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Serdaroglu Esra , Kesici Selman , Bayrakci Benan , Kale Gulsev
Published: July 2020

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is one of the pathological hallmarks of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to compare pathological findings of DAD with clinical ARDS criteria. We re-evaluated 20 patients whose clinical autopsy revealed DAD. Total 11/20 patients with DAD (55%) met the 1994 American–European Consensus Conference and 7/17 (41%) met the 2012 Berlin clinical criteria. DAD showed only moderate correlation with current clinical ARDS definition. Oxygenation index (OI), seems to be the most valuable tool in predicting pulmonary damage severity, though OI is not listed in either of the previous definitions. We support the recommended use of OI by 2015 consensus conference.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplants in the Knee: Bipolar and Beyond
Authors: Stannard James P. , Stannard James T. , Schreiner Anna J.
Published: July 2020

Knee patients who have sustained chondral and osteochondral lesions suffer from debilitating pain, which can ultimately lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis and whole-joint disease. Older, nonactive patients are traditionally steered toward total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but younger, active patients are not good candidates for TKA based on implant longevity, complications, morbidity, and risk for revision, such that treatment strategies at restoring missing hyaline cartilage and bone are highly desired for this patient population. Over the past four decades, fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has been developed as a treatment method for large (> 2.5 cm2) focal full-thickness articular cartilage lesions. This article documents our own institutional OCA journey since 2016 through enhanced graft preservation techniques (the Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System, or MOPS), technical improvements in surgical techniques, use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate, bioabsorbable pins and nails, and prescribed and monitored patient-specific rehabilitation protocols. Further follow-up with documentation of long-term outcomes will provide insight for continued optimization for future applications for OCA transplantation, potentially including a broader spectrum of patients appropriate for this treatment. Ongoing translational research is necessary to blaze the trail in further optimizing this treatment option for patients.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Activity of the Chitosan/Chlorhexidine Gel Commercial Preparation for Postexodontia Treatment: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Torres-Rosas Rafael , Torres-Gómez Nayely , Moreno-Rodríguez Adriana , García-Contreras René , Argueta-Figueroa Liliana
Published: July 2020

Objective The present study aimed to assess in vitro the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of Bexident post topical gel (BP).

Materials and Methods The broth dilution test was performed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of BP against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were assessed. Cytotoxic activity was performed by the MTT (tetrazolium dye) method on human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human bone cells (HBC), and human pulp cells (HPC) (from primary cell culture) and HGF-1 from American Type Culture Collection. The expression of PGE2 produced by RAW 264.7 cells was determined by ELISA utilizing an Enzyme Immuno-Assay Kit.

Statistical Analysis Shapiro–Wilks normality test and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for all data.

Results The MBCs of BP for S. aureus, E. coli, and S. mutans were found at 25, 50, and 12.5%, respectively. The MICs for the same strains were found at 12.5, 25, and 3.125%. The CC50 of BP gel for HBC, HPC, and HGF, and HGF-1 were 12.5 ± 1.09, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.35 ± 0.02, and 20.4 ± 0.02%, respectively. The levels of expression PGE2 produced by RAW 264.7 cells treated with IL-1β exhibit an inverse dose-dependent effect on the concentrations of BP gel used.

Conclusion Our results indicate that the BP gel has a great antibacterial effect, adequate biocompatibility, showing a decrease in the expression of PGE2 on cells with previously induced inflammation. Due to the above, its use as a healing agent after oral surgery seems to be adequate.
Across the mass hyperboloid
Authors: Battle Guy
Published: July 2020

This paper is another step in our pursuit of nonperturbative Minkowskian quantum field theory. Instead of studying the Schwinger functions arising from the Euclidean approach, we study the Wightman distributions directly. We use the non-rigorous Feynman integral for a given quantum field theory as a guide for the rigorous definition of the characteristic functional corresponding to the Lagrangian, but this approach limits us to time-ordered Wightman distributions. We use the idea that if a classical action is perturbed by an interaction involving only N excitations, then one should be able to express the resulting characteristic functional rigorously in terms of the previous characteristic functional. Implementation requires the modification of the classical action with imaginary terms involving the excitation amplitudes. If the previous characteristic functional has a measure-theoretic representation of some kind, then one can subsequently remove these auxiliary terms with a limiting argument. We continue to consider the scalar Minkowskian quantum field theory with the free, massive case as our starting point. The characteristic functional can be defined in terms of the Minkowskian Feynman propagator, and previously, we constructed a probabilistic representation of the functional. In the appendix of that previous paper, we introduced the scalar quartic field interaction with only N space–time excitations. Under the condition that their Fourier transforms be all supported on one side of the mass hyperboloid, we constructed the resulting characteristic functional. In this paper, we construct the characteristic functional in the case where both regions of energy–momentum space contribute to the finite collection of excitations.
The compensation effect (Meyer–Neldel rule) on [AlO4/h+] and [TiO4/M+] paramagnetic centers in irradiated sedimentary quartz
Authors: Benzid Khalif , Timar Gabor Alida
Published: July 2020

The effect of thermal excitation on paramagnetic defects in natural sedimentary quartz irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation was studied using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. We report a variation in the activation energy and the frequency factor for [AlO4/h+]0 and [TiO4/M+]0 paramagnetic defects with the gamma dose, for a dose range investigated between ∼100 Gy and ∼40 000 Gy. Our results indicate that both [AlO4/h+]0 and [TiO4/M+]0 defects are less thermally stable above 1 kGy–2 kGy than below this dose range. The correlation between the two kinetic parameters (activation energy and frequency factor) satisfies the Meyer–Neldel rule. A linear correlation was found between the amplitude of the ESR signals of [AlO4/h+]0 and [TiO4/M+]0 paramagnetic defects corresponding to different doses after the application of thermal treatments in the pulse annealing procedure. We propose a mechanism involving the exchange of the cation, assigned mainly to Li+ here, between the two defects. Under irradiation, the cation is removed from [AlO4/M+]0 (forming [AlO4/h+]0) to [TiO4]− (forming [TiO4/M+]0), while under heating, the reverse mechanism takes place. The migration energy of the cation from one defect to another was found to be about 51 meV, corresponding to a temperature of about 325 °C.
Two-dimensional lateral surface superlattices in GaAs heterostructures with independent control of carrier density and modulation potential
Authors: Wang D. Q. , Reuter D. , Wieck A. D. , Hamilton A. R. , Klochan O.
Published: July 2020

We present a double-layer design for two-dimensional lateral surface superlattice systems in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures. Unlike previous studies, our device (1) uses an in situ gate, which allows a very short period superlattice in high mobility, shallow heterostructures and (2) enables independent control of the carrier density and the superlattice modulation potential amplitude over a wide range. We characterize this device design using low-temperature magneto-transport measurements and show that the fabrication process caused minimal damage to the system. We demonstrate the tuning of potential modulation from weak (much smaller than Fermi energy) to strong (larger than the Fermi energy) regimes.
Efficient ab initio calculation of electronic stopping in disordered systems via geometry pre-sampling: Application to liquid water
Authors: Gu Bin , Cunningham Brian , Muñoz Santiburcio Daniel , Da Pieve Fabiana , Artacho Emilio , Kohanoff Jorge
Published: July 2020

Knowledge of the electronic stopping curve for swift ions, Se(v), particularly around the Bragg peak, is important for understanding radiation damage. Experimentally, however, the determination of such a feature for light ions is very challenging, especially in disordered systems such as liquid water and biological tissue. Recent developments in real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) have enabled the calculation of Se(v) along nm-sized trajectories. However, it is still a challenge to obtain a meaningful statistically averaged Se(v) that can be compared to observations. In this work, taking advantage of the correlation between the local electronic structure probed by the projectile and the distance from the projectile to the atoms in the target, we devise a trajectory pre-sampling scheme to select, geometrically, a small set of short trajectories to accelerate the convergence of the averaged Se(v) computed via rt-TDDFT. For protons in liquid water, we first calculate the reference probability distribution function (PDF) for the distance from the proton to the closest oxygen atom, ϕR(rp→O), for a trajectory of a length similar to those sampled experimentally. Then, short trajectories are sequentially selected so that the accumulated PDF reproduces ϕR(rp→O) to increasingly high accuracy. Using these pre-sampled trajectories, we demonstrate that the averaged Se(vp) converges in the whole velocity range with less than eight trajectories, while other averaging methods using randomly and uniformly distributed trajectories require approximately ten times the computational effort. This allows us to compare the Se(vp) curve to experimental data and assess widely used empirical tables based on Bragg’s rule.
Free-range egg production: its implications for hen welfare
Authors: Campbell D. L. M. , Bari M. S. , Rault J.-L.
Published: July 2020

Free-range laying hen housing systems are prevalent in Australia and perceived by consumers to provide greater opportunities for the expression of natural behaviour resulting in higher hen welfare. However, all housing systems have both benefits and risks and scientific evidence is needed on the welfare outcomes of free-range systems. In this review, the scientific literature is summarised from the past 10 years, from research conducted within Australia or internationally with brown laying-hen strains kept in free-range systems. It compiles information on range use by laying hens, hen behaviour while on the range, factors that affect range use, and impacts of ranging on hen health and other aspects of welfare. Novel insights have come from the use of radio-frequency identification systems that allow tracking of individual hens and have shown that the majority of hens access the range with multiple visits across the day, but a small proportion of hens within most flocks choose to remain indoors. Hens also vary in which areas of the range they use, and provision of natural or man-made shelters can increase both range access and range distribution. Hens spend most of their time foraging while outdoors, but the types and frequencies of behaviours vary depending on the resources available and other factors. Range access can be linked to health benefits such as improved plumage condition and reduced footpad dermatitis but there are also health risks associated with free-range systems such as greater susceptibility to disease (e.g. spotty liver disease), heat stress, predation, and potentially parasites in comparison to loose or cage housing systems. Design of the range area, indoor shed, management practices and rearing environments can all influence how hens utilise free-range housing systems. Further research is crucially needed on the impact of ranging on hen welfare in variable Australian climatic conditions, encompassing intense heat and sunlight as well as cooler or wet environments.
HIV-1 subtype variability and transmitted drug resistance in a culturally diverse population in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Richardson Daniel , Chan Hubert , Bopage Rohan , Lewis David A. , Sawleshwarkar Shailendra , Chung Charles , Kok Jen
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance (TDR) is an important contributor to antiretroviral treatment failure, and is associated with HIV-1 transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), non-MSM clusters and individuals diagnosed with concurrent sexually transmissible infections (STI). Western Sydney has a culturally diverse population, with a high proportion of non-Australian-born individuals. This study describes the prevalence of TDR and non-B HIV-1 subtypes in a clinic-based population. Methods: A clinic database was examined for all newly diagnosed treatment-naïve HIV-1 patients and information on their HIV-1 resistance and subtype, demographics including country of birth and diagnosis of a bacterial sexually transmissible infection was collected. Results: Data were available from 74/79 individuals (62 cis-male, 16 cis-female and 1 transgender woman). Of the 74 genotypes, the prevalence of non-B subtypes and TDR was 43/74 (58%; 95%CI = 46.9–69.3) and 14/74 (19%; 95%CI = 10.0 to 27.8). It was also found that 30/79 (38%) had a concurrent bacterial STI. TDR was associated with subtype B infection (OR 3.53; 95%CI = 1.41–8.82; P = 0.007) and being born in Australia (OR 12.0; 95%CI = 2.45–58.86; P = 0.002). Conclusion: The relative prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes and TDR is higher in Western Sydney than in the rest of Australia. TDR is associated with subtype B HIV-1 and being Australian born, suggesting ongoing local transmission. This highlights the diversity of the HIV epidemic locally and the need for interventions to prevent ongoing HIV transmission.
The translation of reporting verbs in Italian
Authors: Mastropierro Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

This paper reports on a study of reporting verbs in the Harry Potter series and their translation
in Italian. It offers quantitative and qualitative perspectives on how the English verbs have been translated by two Italian
translators, who worked on different books of the series. This study first analyses verb usage across the three protagonists of
the series (Harry, Ron, and Hermione) in English and Italian; then, it employs Caldas-Coulthard’s (1987) taxonomy of reporting verbs and compares verb categories between source and target texts to
identify tendencies in the translation of this textual feature. It finally discusses the stylistic implications of translation
alterations and their potential effect on character development. As such, this paper contributes not only to the limited
literature on reporting verbs in translation (especially in Italian), but it also furthers the understanding of the role of
reporting verbs as a characterisation device.
Impact of coal power generation on the characteristics and risk of heavy metal pollution in nearby soil
Authors: Zhang Yiqun , Wu Di , Wang Chenxing , Fu Xiao , Wu Gang
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The development of coal power base (CPB) poses a severe challenge to the soil. We conducted a soil survey in Xilinhot CPB, to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics, potential ecological risk, and sources of six heavy metals (As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd) in soil by using Geo-accumulation index, revised Nemerow integrated pollution index (RNIPI), and potential ecological risk index (RI).
Outcomes/other
: The results showed that the pollution of Cd and As were dramatic. The mean of Cd and As were 1.11 mg·kg
-1
and 25.13 mg·kg
-1
, which were 42.55 times and 4.41 times higher than its local background value. The Geo-accumulation indices showed the contamination degree of Cd was strong and As was moderate, and the status of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mn were uncontaminated. Xilinhot was strongly contaminated based on its RNIPI and RI values.
Discussion
: The accumulations of As, Pb, and Cd were mainly associated with anthropogenic sources, including coal mining and combustion, and industrial exhaust emissions. Cu, Mn, and Zn were primarily originated from the parent material (natural sources).
Conclusion
: This study provides scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the prevention and control of soil pollution in surrounding areas of CPB.
ISG15 fast-tracks DNA replication
Authors: Meroni Alice , Vindigni Alessandro
Published: July 2020

In this issue, Raso et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202002175) uncover a novel replication fork speed regulatory network controlled by the ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), which plays a central role in the innate immune response and regulates tumorigenesis as well as chemotherapy response.
Intestinal CD8αα IELs derived from two distinct thymic precursors have staggered ontogeny
Authors: Ruscher Roland , Lee S. Thera , Salgado Oscar C. , Breed Elise R. , Osum Sara H. , Hogquist Kristin A.
Published: July 2020

CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are abundant T cells that protect the gut epithelium. Their thymic precursors (IELps) include PD-1+ type A and Tbet+ type B populations, which differ in their antigen-receptor specificities. To better understand CD8αα IEL ontogeny, we performed “time-stamp” fate mapping experiments and observed that it seeds the intestine predominantly during a narrow time window in early life. Adoptively transferred IELps parked better in the intestines of young mice than in adults. In young mice, both type A and type B IELps had an S1PR1+ and α4β7+ emigration- and mucosal-homing competent phenotype, while this was restricted to type A IELps in adults. Only CD8αα IELs established in early life were enriched in cells bearing type B IELp TCR usage. Together, our results suggest that the young intestine facilitates CD8αα IEL establishment and that early IELs are distinct from IELs established after this initial wave. These data provide novel insight into the ontogeny of CD8αα IELs.
NMMGenerator: an automatic neural mass model generator from population graphs
Authors: Yochum Maxime , Modolo Julien
Published: July 2020

Neural mass models are among the most popular mathematical models of brain activity, since they enable the rapid simulation of large-scale networks involving different neural types at a spatial scale compatible with electrophysiological experiments (e.g. local field potentials). However, establishing neural mass model (NMM) equations associated with specific neuronal network architectures can be tedious and is an error-prone process, restricting their use to scientists who are familiar with mathematics. In order to overcome this challenge, we have developed a user-friendly software that enables a user to construct rapidly, under the form of a graph, a neuronal network with its populations and connectivity patterns. The resulting graph is then automatically translated into the corresponding set of differential equations, which can be solved and displayed within the same software environment. The software is proposed as open access, and should assist in offering the possibility for a wider audience of scientists to develop NMM corresponding to their specific neuroscience research questions.