bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wrapped phase aberration compensation using deep learning in digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Huang Liu , Tang Jianjun , Yan Liping , Chen Jiayi , Chen Benyong
Published: October 2023

In digital holographic microscopy (DHM), phase aberration compensation is a general problem for improving the accuracy of quantitative phase measurement. Current phase aberration compensation methods mainly focus on the continuous phase map after performing the phase filtering and unwrapping to the wrapped phase map. However, for the wrapped phase map, when larger phase aberrations make the fringes too dense or make the noise frequency features indistinct, either spatial-domain or frequency-domain based filtering methods might be less effective, resulting in phase unwrapping anomalies and inaccurate aberration compensation. In order to solve this problem, we propose and design a strategy to advance the phase aberration compensation to the wrapped phase map with deep learning. As the phase aberration in DHM can be characterized by the Zernike coefficients, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is trained by using massive simulated wrapped phase maps as network inputs and their corresponding Zernike coefficients as labels. Then the trained CNN is used to directly extract the Zernike coefficients and compensate the phase aberration of the wrapped phase before phase filtering and unwrapping. The simulation results of different phase aberrations and noise levels and measurement results of MEMS chip and biological tissue samples show that, compared with current algorithms that perform phase aberration compensation after phase unwrapping, the proposed method can extract the Zernike coefficients more accurately, improve the phase data quality of the consequent phase filtering greatly, and achieve more accurate and reliable sample profile reconstruction. This phase aberration compensation strategy for the wrapped phase will have great potential in the applications of DHM quantitative phase imaging.
Comment on “Modification of Lie's transform perturbation theory for charged particle motion in a magnetic field” [Phys. Plasmas 30, 042515 (2023)]
Authors: Brizard A. J.
Published: October 2023

A recent paper by L. Zheng [Phys. Plasmas 30, 042515 (2023)] presented a critical analysis of standard Lie-transform perturbation theory and suggested that its application to the problem of charged-particle motion in a magnetic field suffered from ordering inconsistencies. In the present Comment, we suggest that this criticism is unjustified and that standard Lie-transform perturbation theory does not need to be modified in its application to guiding-center theory.
Second-order adiabatic connection: The theory and application to two electrons in a parabolic confinement
Authors: Savin Andreas , Karwowski Jacek
Published: October 2023

The adiabatic connection formalism, usually based on the first-order perturbation theory, has been generalized to an arbitrary order. The generalization stems from the observation that the formalism can be derived from a properly arranged Taylor expansion. The second-order theory is developed in detail and applied to the description of two electrons in a parabolic confinement (harmonium). A significant improvement relative to the first-order theory has been obtained.
Nanotip-based CMOS photosensitive architecture for highly sensitive near-infrared imaging detection
Authors: Liu Taige , Shi Jiashuo , Duan Shenghua , Wang Zhe , Zhang Xinyu
Published: October 2023

A type of nanotip-based photosensitive architecture for near-infrared imaging detection is effectively constructed by tightly coupling a chip of common photosensitive complementary–metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and a silicon nanotip optical antenna. Benefiting from the stimulated surface-wave nano-accumulating over silicon nanotips, the detectors exhibit a highly sensitive near-infrared detection feature with a stable normalized detectivity (D*) of ∼3.25 × 1010 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 and also the maximum value of ∼4.86 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2·W−1 corresponding to weak near-infrared radiation with a nW-level power. Moreover, a polarization sensitive character of the nanotip-based CMOS photosensitive architecture, enabling imaging grayscale closely related to incident radiation level being locally elevated, is also explored. The proposed antenna-based imaging detection approach exhibits a wider radiation response range as well as higher imaging contrast and definition. It can be expected that the imaging detection method will present a further developing potential according to the nanotip-based polarized imaging detection strategy.
A multi-functional arbitrary timing generator based on a digital-to-time converter
Authors: Kong Dexuan , Fu Zaiming , Liu Hanglin , Gao Shuaihao
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a new high-resolution digital-to-time converter architecture based on a field programmable gate array and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A real-time algorithm of time–-amplitude mapping is proposed, which converts the vertical resolution of the DAC to the timing resolution and realizes the ultra-high resolution timing signal generation. Moreover, the relationship between the timing resolution and the vertical resolution and the sampling rate of DAC is discussed. Based on this, arbitrarily distributed random timing signals and editable timing signal sequence functions are realized. This method is verified in the experiment on Xilinx XCKU040 and Texas Instrument DAC37J82. Furthermore, a timing resolution of 1 ps is realized. A time range of 4.2 ns to 999 s, an editable sequence length of 1–128k, and excellent nonlinear performance are achieved. In addition, functions for arbitrarily distributed random timing signals and signal bursts are tested. This method can be flexibly deployed on existing hardware and satisfy almost all test requirements.
Signature of correlated electron–hole pair tunneling in multilayer WSe2 at room temperature
Authors: Doan Manh-Ha , Roy Shrawan , Zhou Yingqiu , Bøggild Peter
Published: October 2023

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provide a promising platform for high-temperature exciton condensates due to a strong Coulomb interaction, but the fabrication of very clean interface structures with precisely aligned 2D crystals is challenging. Here, we propose that correlated electron–hole pair tunneling can occur at room temperature in a monolithic multilayer WSe2 device with bottom Au contacts. Electron and hole conducting channels separated by an intrinsic, insulating region in the center of the crystal are defined by doping. The monolithic vertical homojunction formed naturally in the bulk vdW crystal provides a defect-free interface structure which shows clear indications of correlated tunneling at room temperature. We interpret zero-bias peaks in the differential conductance curves as a signature of electron–hole pairing when their densities balance. The conductance peak vanishes when the electron and hole densities are unbalanced, which can be controlled by the external electrical field, magnetic field, or temperature. Our results open an opportunity for realization of room-temperature superfluidity in vdW materials with a simple, clean, and effective approach.
Response to “Comment on ‘Modification of Lie's transform perturbation theory for charged particle motion in a magnetic field’” [Phys. Plasmas 30, 104701 (2023)]
Authors: Zheng Linjin
Published: October 2023

Dr. Brizard's comment on my work is based on a conceived procedure that does not come from my work. The defense of his claim that the modification of the so-called standard Lie's transform theory is unnecessary is also unsupported. This response reveals in detail the inconsistency issues in the so-called standard Lie's transform theory by analyzing both its results and root causes. The problem in the so-called standard Lie's transform theory is beyond the issue to take into account the ordering difference between the guiding center motion and gyromotion. The inconsistent commutation of derivative and limit causes another issue. In addition, the so-called standard Lie's transform formulation leads to an unnecessarily lengthy and tedious derivation process for a one or two page task under the singular (or renormalized) formalism described in my paper.
Valley-dependent topological phase transition in monolayer ferrovalley materials RuXY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br)
Authors: Zhou Wenzhe , Zheng Guibo , Wan ZhenZhen , Sun Tingyu , Li Aolin , Ouyang Fangping
Published: October 2023

Due to the breaking of the time reversal symmetry and spatial inversion symmetry, hexagonal ferrovalley materials have intrinsic large valley polarization. Model analysis shows that tuning the two different band gaps of valleys can realize phase transitions between ferrovalley semiconductors, half valley metals, and valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall semiconductors. Through first-principle calculations, monolayer ferrovalley materials RuXY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br), which exhibit valley splitting at the top valence band and the bottom conduction band, are predicted to achieve this valley-dependent topological phase transition. Due to the different orbital proportions of d orbitals, the valley splitting at the top valence band is much greater than that at the bottom conduction band. Strain can regulate the interaction between orbitals, thus producing valley-dependent band inversion, leading to the quantum spin or valley Hall effect. The chiral edge states are demonstrated under appropriate biaxial strain. The topological phase transition is related to the inversion of the band structure and Berry curvatures at K and K′ valleys. These results have certain significance for the design of two-dimensional valley-dependent quantum materials and the application of valleytronic devices.
Quantifying the accessibility of sustainable seafood in south-eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Vella Tia , Roberson Leslie , Kuempel Caitie , Klein Carissa
Published: October 2023

Context Seafood is a nutritious source of protein. However, seafood production can have perverse environmental impacts. Seafood sustainability differs depending on species, origin, and production or fishing method. Australian consumers seeking sustainable seafood rely on independent sustainability guides and detailed labels at point of sale. Aims We aimed to determine consumer accessibility to sustainable seafood products in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Methods We assessed the sustainability of 8497 seafood products from 1050 restaurants, supermarkets, and takeaway shops. Key results We determined the sustainability of 31.83% of products according to Australia’s GoodFish guide. Of these, 4.25% were classified as sustainable, 3.35% as ‘Eat Less’, and 24.23% as ‘Say No’. Australian farmed barramundi was the most common sustainable product and farmed Australian Atlantic salmon the most common ‘Say No’ product. We could not assess 68.17% of products because of a lack of information (26.73%) or the product was not included in the GoodFish guide (41.44%). Conclusions Inadequate labelling of species, origin, or production or fishing method reduces the accessibility of sustainable seafood in south-eastrn Queensland, Australia. Implications Improving labelling, especially origin information at point of sale is critical for changing consumer behaviour, which represents a significant hurdle to improving the sustainability of the seafood industry.
Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell
Authors: Chang Ray , Prakash Manu
Published: October 2023

Cellular systems are known to exhibit some of the fastest movements in biology, but little is known as to how single cells can dissipate this energy rapidly and adapt to such large accelerations without disrupting internal architecture. To address this, we investigate
Spirostomum ambiguum
—a giant cell (1–4 mm in length) well-known to exhibit ultrafast contractions (50% of body length) within 5 ms with a peak acceleration of 15

g

. Utilizing transmitted electron microscopy and confocal imaging, we identify an association of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and vacuoles throughout the cell—forming a contiguous fenestrated membrane architecture that topologically entangles these two organelles. A nearly uniform interorganelle spacing of 60 nm is observed between RER and vacuoles, closely packing the entire cell. Inspired by the entangled organelle structure, we study the mechanical properties of entangled deformable particles using a vertex-based model, with all simulation parameters matching 10 dimensionless numbers to ensure dynamic similarity. We demonstrate how entangled deformable particles respond to external loads by an increased viscosity against squeezing and help preserve spatial relationships. Because this enhanced damping arises from the entanglement of two networks incurring a strain-induced jamming transition at subcritical volume fractions, which is demonstrated through the spatial correlation of velocity direction, we term this phenomenon “topological damping.” Our findings suggest a mechanical role of RER-vacuolar meshwork as a metamaterial capable of damping an ultrafast contraction event.
‘Optional’ direct objects: Free variation?
Authors: Symanczyk Joppe Vilma
Published: October 2023

While the existence of free variation is widely acknowledged in phonology, it has often been denied for lexicon and syntax. Syntactic variation, according to the consensus among many, is never truly free; apparent counterexamples are just cases of undetected complementary distribution. Among these phenomena suggesting free variation are optional objects in German, which can be and have been described as valency alternatives of individual verbs.

In this paper, linguistic units – phonemes as well as lexemes and syntactic configurations – are uniformly modelled as interpretation and production rules of different strengths, allowing for redundancies due to the licensing of the same structure on different linguistic levels. Introductory examples from phonology are extended to morphology and eventually to the aforementioned ‘optional’ direct objects. Based on a large acceptability rating study, it will be shown that most of the phenomena in question are neither cases of free variation nor of complementary distribution; instead, they are the result of partially equivalent distribution systematically arising from the conflict of rules of different degrees of specificity on different linguistic levels.
Stability of inflectional variation
Authors: Hasse Anja
Published: October 2023

Free morphological variation is an understudied phenomenon; however, it is implicitly included in studies on overabundance. In the inflection of the indefinite article in Zurich German, we find overabundance of the dative masculine/neuter cell over a timespan of nearly 200 years. As this study shows, instances of overabundance or (possibly) free variation have to be analysed in great detail. In Zurich German, we see a complex picture of free variation in certain linguistic contexts and conditioned variation in other contexts. This instance of morphological variation in Zurich German is quite stable, which contradicts the hypothesis that morphological variation is always a transitional stage of a changing inflectional system, and it even exists at the intra-individual level.
Variation of deontic constructions in spoken Catalan
Authors: Giménez García Roser , Queralt Sheila , Moreno Vila F. Xavier
Published: October 2023

Different areas of linguistic research have given different meanings to the notion of free variation. This paper reflects on this term and variationist linguistics. We focus on the variation between prescriptive and nonstandard deontic verbal constructions in Catalan. Through a variationist lens, we use decision trees to explore 1,060 tokens of infinitive constructions with caldre, haver de, tenir de, tenir que and haver-hi que. The discussion of results is broadened to show that variationist linguistics can dismiss but not prove the existence of free variation, a notion we argue is nevertheless relevant in linguistics, whether as a fuel for more empirical studies of language use or as a label for linguistic phenomena for which no explanation is (yet) known.
Supporting TBLT through teacher education
Authors: East Martin
Published: October 2023

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is becoming increasingly accepted in a range of contexts across the globe as a viable learner-centred alternative to more traditional teacher-fronted approaches. In theory, TBLT has a lot to commend it. However, since its inception TBLT has moved and developed in a variety of directions and has been subject to a host of interpretations and orientations. In several cases, teachers hold onto teacher-fronted practices that clash with the philosophy and rationale of TBLT. These are complicating factors that can make TBLT implementation in classrooms problematic. This critical position paper considers teacher education as a mediating and supporting variable in the successful design and implementation of TBLT and tasks in classrooms. It begins with a summary of the benefits and limitations of TBLT. It goes on to present an overview of some of the challenges that have emerged from accounts of different contexts where attempts have been made to enact TBLT ideas, including the role of teacher education and a comparison of a pre-service and in-service teacher education initiative in one specific context. The paper concludes with proposing ten guiding principles for effective TBLT-oriented teacher education.
Packing soft spheres: experimental demonstrations with hydrogels
Authors: Irannezhad A , Baragry A , Weaire D , Mughal A , Hutzler S
Published: October 2023

We describe a number of different experimental set-ups that use hydrogel spheres to demonstrate dense packings of deformable spheres in various geometries. The arrangements are similar to those of bubbles in foams, drops in emulsions, biological cells, etc. The experiments are easy to perform in the class-room or an undergraduate science laboratory. They are described in the context of the history of packing problems to which this convenient system, not yet fully explored, can add significant new findings.
Design and modeling of the electrostatically controlled nanowire FET for ppt-level hydrogen sensing
Authors: Mutsafi Zoe , Shimanovich Klimentiy , Mukherjee Anwesha , Rosenwaks Yossi
Published: October 2023

We present the design of a H2 gas sensor based on palladium (Pd) decorated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire field effect transistor (FET) with a standard SOI complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication process, where a top Pd layer plays a dual role of a catalyst and a surrounding metal gate. A numerical study was conducted based on a simplified steady-state model to describe the sensing mechanism of H2 in dry air at 300 K. The simulation is based on the model of dissociative H2 adsorption on the Pd surface and the formation of a dipole layer at the Pd/SiO2 interface. The H atoms induced dipoles lead to a potential drop which exponentially increases the FET drain current and consequently, the sensor response. The FET drain current is controlled by its back-gate bias and by varying the H2 concentrations; it is shown that the drain current response reaches 1.8 × 108% for 0.8% H2 in air and a superior sensitivity of 4.58 × 104%/ppm in the sub-threshold operation regime. The sensor exhibits an outstanding theoretical detection limit of 50 ppt (response of 1%) and an upper dynamic range limit of 7000 ppm which allow for timely and accurate detection of H2 gas presence. The power consumption ranges between ∼10 fW (dry air) to ∼20 nW (0.8% H2 in dry air) and therefore paves the way for a very large-scale integration commercial sensing platform.
Soft and hard scales of the transverse momentum distribution in the color string percolation model
Authors: Alvarado García J R , Rosales Herrera D , Fierro P , Ramírez J E , Fernández Téllez A , Pajares C
Published: October 2023

In color string models, the transverse momentum distribution (TMD) is obtained through the convolution of the Schwinger mechanism with the string tension fluctuations distribution. Considering aq-Gaussian distribution for these fluctuations, the TMD becomes a hypergeometric confluent function that adequately reproduces the characteristic scales at low and highpTvalues. In this approach, the hard scale of the TMD is a consequence of considering a heavy-tailed distribution for the string tension fluctuations whose width rises ass, multiplicity or centrality increases. In this paper, we introduce broader information of the TMD in the color string percolation model by determining the color suppression factor, which now also depends on the parameters of theq-Gaussian. To this end, we analyze the reported data on pp and AA collisions at different center of mass energies, multiplicities, and centralities. In particular, for minimum bias pp collisions, we found that theq-Gaussian parameters and the effective temperature are monotonically increasing functions of the center of mass energy. Similar results are found for AA collisions as a function of the centrality at fixeds. We summarize these results in a phase diagram that indicates theq-Gaussian parameters region allowing the quark–gluon plasma formation.
Assessment of the effectiveness of Saba shielding with the composition of Cu–Bi in neck CT imaging: a phantom and patient study
Authors: Keshtkar Mohammad , Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad Amin , Saba Valiallah
Published: October 2023

The use of computed tomography (CT) is a very well-established medical diagnostic imaging modality, however, the high radiation dose due to this imaging method is a major concern. Therefore, dose reduction methods are necessary, especially for superficial radiosensitive organs like the thyroid. The aim of this study is to construct and assess a CT shield with composition of 90% Cu and 10% Bi (Saba shield) with regard to dose reduction and image quality. The efficiency of the constructed shields for dose reduction was assessed by measuring entrance skin dose (ESD), using thermoluminescence dosimeters placed on an anthropomorphic phantom. Image quality was assessed quantitatively based on image noise and CT number accuracy by drawing regions of interest on CT images of the anthropomorphic phantom. Image quality was further investigated qualitatively in a patient study. Application of the Saba shield and 100% Bi shield with the thickness of one thickness (1T) reduced ESD by 50.2% and 51.7%, respectively, and using a three-fold thickness reduced ESD by 64.6% and 65.1%, respectively. Saba shield with thickness of 1T had no significant change in image noise in the anterior part, and image noise and mean CT number in the posterior part (P > 0.05). The statistical analysis performed did not find any meaningful difference between the study and control groups in image quality assessment of the patient study (P > 0.05). The 1T Saba shield reduced thyroid dose efficiently during neck CT imaging without causing unwanted effects on image quality.
Bispectral analysis and information fusion technique for bearing fault classification
Authors: Sharma Anju , Patra G K , Naidu V P S
Published: October 2023

The feasibility and effectiveness of data fusion for the fault classification of bearing faults have been very well iterated in the literature. However, all previous endeavors have been limited to time, frequency, and time-frequency domain techniques. The use of higher-order spectral analysis (HOSA), especially Bispectrum and Trispectrum, for fault detection is gaining importance in recent studies due to the many advantages of HOSA. Bispectral features provide a valuable tool for capturing higher-order statistical relationships in signals, making them particularly effective in detecting nonlinearities and distinguishing between Gaussian and non-Gaussian data. Their robustness to noise and ability to reveal hidden information make them advantageous in applications such as vibration analysis, speech recognition, and image processing, where complex signal interactions and nonlinearity play a significant role in data interpretation and pattern recognition. This paper proposes a methodology for the fusion of the data from the vibration and the acoustic sensors for the fault detection of roller element bearings using bispectral features. Higher-order spectral characteristics are derived from vibration and acoustic sensor data, and they are fused using artificial neural networks and various other machine learning algorithms like support vector machine, K nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes algorithm, and decision tree. This work primarily aims to evaluate the performance of each classifier when applied to the fused data, in contrast to the performance when using individual sensor data alone. The outcomes revealed that, even though the accuracy of the acoustic sensor data was lower in comparison to the vibration sensor data, which exhibited the highest performance of 100% accuracy with nearly all the classifiers, the fused data achieved remarkable results of 100% accuracy with artificial neural networks and decision trees. However, the Naïve Bayes algorithm yielded the lowest accuracy when applied to the fused data. The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of bispectrum analysis for data fusion and to enhance confidence in fault detection. It achieves this by maintaining the capability to accurately and dependably detect faults, even when a single sensor encounters issues or falls short of anticipated performance standards.
Local environmental engineering for highly stable single-atom Pt1/CeO2 catalysts: first-principles insights
Authors: Yan Jiasi , Xiao Wei , Zeng Rong , Zhao Zheng , Li Xiaowu , Wang Ligen
Published: October 2023

Single-atom Pt1/CeO2 catalysts may cope with the high cost and durability issues of fuel cell electrocatalysts. In the present study, the stability and underlying interaction mechanisms of the Pt1/CeO2 system are systematically investigated using first-principles calculations. The Pt adsorption energy on CeO2 surfaces can be divided into chemical interaction and surface deformation parts. The interaction energy, mainly associated with the local chemical environment, i.e. the number of Pt-O bonds, plays a major role in Pt1/CeO2 stability. When forming a Pt-4O configuration, the catalytic system has the highest stability and Pt is oxidized to Pt2+. An electronic metal-support interaction mechanism is proposed for understanding Pt1/CeO2 stability. In addition, our calculations show that the Pt1/CeO2(100) system is dynamically stable, and the external O environment can promote the further oxidation of Pt to Pt
n+ (2 ≤ n < 4). The present study provides useful guidance for the experimental development of highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications.
Long-time convergence of a nonlocal Burgers’ equation towards the local N-wave
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , De Nitti Nicola , Keimer Alexander , Pflug Lukas , Zuazua Enrique
Published: October 2023

We study the long-time behaviour of the unique weak solution of a nonlocal regularisation of the (inviscid) Burgers equation where the velocity is approximated by a one-sided convolution with an exponential kernel. The initial datum is assumed to be positive, bounded, and integrable. The asymptotic profile is given by the ‘N-wave’ entropy solution of the Burgers equation. The key ingredients of the proof are a suitable scaling argument and a nonlocal Oleinik-type estimate.
Initial kinetics of electrons, ions and electric field in planar vacuum diode with plasma cathode
Authors: Kozyrev Andrey V , Kozhevnikov Vasily Yu , Semeniuk Natalia S , Kokovin Aleksandr O
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the results of a 1D1V theoretical study of the initial stage of plasma expansion into a planar vacuum gap 1 cm long with an applied voltage of 500–5000 V. Based on the collisionless kinetic and Maxwell equations, the motion of a two-component electron–ion plasma in a self-consistent electric field is described. The fundamental mechanism of ‘superthermal’ velocities of the emission edge of the plasma and anode-directed velocities of positive ions is demonstrated in detail. The general regularities of this process are established for variations in the number density of the initial plasma and the applied voltage.
Intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity in layered Mn3Si2Te6
Authors: Li Qingfang , Cheng Yingbing , Zhao Delin , Huang Yineng , Wan Xiangang , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2023

The ferrimagnetic nodal-line semiconductor Mn3Si2Te6 has recently received much attention due to its colossal angular magnetoresistance (Seo et al 2021 Nature
599 581). The magnetic and electronic properties of Mn3Si2Te6 have been extensively studied. Meanwhile, a recent experiment showed that Mn3Si2Te6 has a low in-plane lattice thermal conductivity, which implies its potential applications in thermoelectricity. Here, we have investigated phonon dispersion and lattice thermal conductivity of Mn3Si2Te6 by the first-principles calculations and the Peierls–Boltzmann transport equation. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivities of Mn3Si2Te6 are quite low, which are 1.33 and 0.96 Wm−1K−1 along the a and c axes at 300 K, respectively. A significant contribution (>90%) to the thermal conductivity comes from the acoustic phonons and low-frequency optical phonons linked to the vibration of Te atoms. Meanwhile, it is found that such low thermal conductivities of Mn3Si2Te6 are a consequence of the low group velocities and relatively short phonon lifetimes, which are intrinsically derived from the quite complex crystal structure, heavy Te atoms, and relatively weak chemical bonding. Our work not only explains the origin of the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of Mn3Si2Te6 but also could be helpful to the study on the thermal conductivity of other similar layered magnetic materials.
Superconductivity in two-dimensional MB4 (M = V, Nb, and Ta)
Authors: Han Yifan , Shang Yue , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong , Ge Yanfeng
Published: October 2023

The study of two-dimensional (2D) superconductors is one of the most prominent areas in recent years and has remained a long-standing scientific challenge. Since the introduction of the new member of 2D material family consisting of transition-metal elements with Borides (MBenes), the study of various properties of 2D metal borides has attracted widespread interest. In this work, we systematically investigate the phonon-mediated superconductivity in 2D MB4 (M = V, Nb, and Ta), by using the first-principles calculations. Starting from the dynamical stabilities of these structures, we perform a detailed analysis of the electron–phonon coupling and superconductivity of AB-stacked MBenes by solving the anisotropic Eliashberg equation. NbB4 has the largest electron–phonon coupling and the highest superconducting transition temperature T
c of 35.4 K. Our study broadens the 2D superconducting boride family, which is of great significance for the study of 2D superconductivity.
Enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in quantum plasmonic image sensing including loss and varying photon number
Authors: Mpofu K T , Mthunzi-Kufa P
Published: October 2023

The signal-to-noise ratio is an important quantity in signal and image analysis that gives information about the quality of the signal and/or image of interest. When plasmonic biosensors are used to study how molecules interact in intermolecular binding reactions, the output signal and/or image must be of the highest quality to get the best value from our biosensors. Images of interest in this work are images of the binding region at the metal surface of the plasmonic biosensor. Improving the signal-to-noise ratio of these signals and/or images is a key area of research that can help scientists learn more about how different molecules interact with each other. Because these molecular entities can include a wide range of biomolecules, we can investigate different types of binding interactions. In this paper, we look at a theoretical two-mode image sensing framework that we use to model the signal-to-noise ratio in images generated by a plasmonic image-based biosensor. A Krestchmann configuration-based surface resonance sensor is used as a plasmonic biosensor. In the model, an example of how BSA and an antibody called IgG1 bind to the surface of a plasmonic biosensor are examined. Traditionally, classical states of light are used as probe states in the Krestchman configuration; in this paper, quantum states of light are considered alternative probe states. The effect of using quantum states of light, such as the Fock state, squeezed displaced states, and squeezed vacuum states, on the signal-to-noise ratio of images is investigated. This work also looks at the effect of losses in the sensing environment and changes in photon numbers in the input signal on the average signal-to-noise ratio of the output of the plasmonic biosensor. The novelty in the described work lies in the exploration of using a variety quantum states of light as probe states in a plasmonic image-based biosensor, specifically in the context of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of images captured from the binding region at the metal surface accounting for the impact of losses. It was found that some quantum states improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the plasmonic biosensor output image.
First principle insights into the physical properties of Ti-based 211-MAX phase nitrides Ti2AN (A = Tl and Pb)
Authors: Srinivasan Vijay , Rana Tushar H
Published: October 2023

We have used the theoretical ab initio approach to scrutinize the electronic and other physical properties of Ti2AN (A = Tl and Pb). Geometrical optimization has been carried out to obtain accurate lattice constants and internal coordinates. The formation energies of Ti2TlN and Ti2PbN are found to be negative, which confirms their stability. The aforementioned compounds are found to be metallic because of their zero-band gaps. The metallicity f

m
(x 10−3) of Ti2TlN and Ti2PbN phases were determined to be 1.77 and 2.11, respectively. In addition, we evaluate the elastic constant C
ij
, which obeys the Born-Huang mechanical stability criterion. We used the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation for the analysis of Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus successfully. Furthermore, Ti2TlN is found to be brittle, but Ti2PbN is close to the brittle-ductile boundary line according to Pugh’s and Poisson’s ratios. The Debye temperature, melting temperature, and minimum thermal conductivity have all been rigorously studied to examine the potential scenarios of genuine high-temperature applications. Lower Young’s modulus, the minimum thermal conductivity (Ti2TlN and Ti2PbN), and Debye temperature values reveal that Ti2PbN might be used as a thermal barrier coating application. A study of elastic anisotropy demonstrates that Ti2PbN has a higher degree of anisotropy than Ti2TlN, according to the universal anisotropy index. We confirmed the dynamic stability (i.e., no negative frequencies at the gamma point) of predicted compounds by performing phonon DOS and phonon band structures. Finally, the temperature-dependent thermodynamic properties of Ti2TlN and Ti2PbN have been thoroughly analyzed, where the entropy (S), free energy, and internal energy (E) vary with respect to temperature. Moreover, the convergence of specific heat capacity is observed at constant volume to the Dulong-Petit limit at higher temperatures.
Irreversibility analysis and thermal radiative of Williamson (ZnO+MOS
2/C
3
H
8
O
2) hybrid nanofluid over a porous surface with a suction effect
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Faizan , Ali Farhan , Zafar Syed Sohaib , Srivinas Reddy C , Aslam Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The current approach considered the unsteady 2D laminar second law analysis on Williamson hybrid nanoliquid in a porous medium under the effect of the thermal radiative flow towards a convectively heated stretching sheet. Propylene glycol

P
G

(

C

3

H

8

O

2

) is employed as the base liquid in this study, and the nanoparticles are Molybdenum disulfide

M
O

S

2

and Zinc Oxide

Z
n
O

.

The purpose of the current study is to maximize the energy and mass transfer rate for industrial and engineering applications. The primary contribution of this study is to discuss heat transmission via thermal radiation, suction, and the porous parameter on the flow of a William hybrid nanoliquid. The constitutive Maxwell flow model, heat transport, and entropy generation can be reduced to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. The Bvp4c technique is used on these generating ODEs for the numerical technique in the methodology section. Fluid friction, heat transmission, and Joule heating are used to calculate the entropy generation number. Graphs and tables are used to investigate the effects of dimensionless parameters on flow variables and entropy generation. The primary results suggest that hybrid Maxwell nanofluid is a more efficient heat conductor than regular nanofluid. A significant drop in the velocity field is supported by the Williamson

W
e
,

Unsteady

β
,

and porosity

γ

factors

γ
.

The temperature profile is significantly raised by the Biot number

B
i
,

thermal radiation

R
d
,

and suction factor

S
.

Moreover, it has been found that entropy increases with radiation

R
d

but reduces in Brinkman number

B
r

against the Bejan number profile. Our results for a few specific situations were compared with previously published data to establish the validity of the current study, and it was discovered that they were in strong agreement.
A state-of-the-art review on advancements in phase change material encapsulation techniques for electronics cooling
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Prabakaran , Palanisamy Ponnusamy
Published: October 2023

The continuous rise and reduction in heat flow of electronic devices constitute significant challenges for cooling management. The shell materials thermal conductivity affects both heat transfer and PCM - heat transfer fluid interaction (HTF). As a result, the traditional techniques of cooling systems are insufficient to provide the necessary cooling for such heat-generating electronic gadgets. In this view, there has been a considerable amount of effort applied into the development of high-efficiency cooling for electronics cooling applications. Today, many scientific studies are focusing on the usage of phase change materials (PCM) in high-energy storage systems due to their excellent thermal storage properties. Since the PCM and its volume of energy storage decrease from core to the coating, the higher encapsulation thickness provides minimum quality when compared to the lower thickness of encapsulation This review highlights the importance of size, thickness, and core-to-coating ratios while offering a thorough overview of PCM encapsulation methods for electronics cooling. It presents the novel idea of carbon nanotube-enhanced PCMs, emphasizes the need of choosing the right shell material, and investigates the effects of encapsulation shape. The key characteristics of encapsulation, such as influence of shell material, encapsulation shape, melting and solidification are reviewed.
Investigation of micro lattice spiral wound membrane structures availing DLP and FDM techniques for water treatment
Authors: Bairapudi Anil , Chebiyyam Chandrasekhara Sastry , Krishnaiah J J , Sundeep Dola , Varadharaj Eswaramoorthy K
Published: October 2023

This study addressed the challenge of reducing water contaminants using Spiral Wound Membrane (SWM) units in desalination and water treatment. Through additive manufacturing, we developed complex micro-lattice feed-spacer structures using FlexBLK 20, Pro-BLK10, ToughBLK 20, PLA, PETG, and ABS materials. The AHPTOPSIS statistical method indicated an ideal solution with Digital Light Processing (DLP) conditions showing a 20 μm layer thickness, FlexBLK-20 material, diamond structure, and for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) conditions, a 0.1 mm layer thickness, PLA material, and gyroid structure. Significant findings include a decrease in surface roughness by 79.67%–85.25% for DLP, an elongation increase of 50%–91.67%, and tensile strength improvement between 0.07%–40.83%. DLP printed feed spacers showcased better surface distributions than FDM, attributed to finer layers and higher density printing. Additionally, DLP printing resulted in a 32.02% increase in residual stress, suggesting superior compressive resistance. In thermal analyses, both DLP and FDM materials showed thermal stability up to 380 °C–450 °C. This research indicates that DLP printed feed spacers, with their enhanced properties, are potentially more efficient for water purification systems, providing smoother surface, better filtration, and increased durability.
A simple Monte Carlo model for performance optimization of single photon avalanche diode
Authors: Yang Jian , Wang Yang , Zhou Wei , Jin Xianliang , Peng Yan , Luo Jun
Published: October 2023

Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) has the advantage of high internal gain, which is widely used in fluorescence detection and quantum communication. The high internal gain of the device is mainly due to avalanche multiplier effect. Therefore, it is of great significance to study avalanche multiplication effect for the design and performance optimization of SPAD devices. In this paper, a Simple Monte Carlo (SMC) model is implemented based on MATLAB, which includes interval phonon scattering and impact ionization of carriers. In this model, the electric field at different reverse bias voltages is extracted based on Technology-Computer- Aided- Design (TCAD). The model simulates the energy, velocity and impact ionization of carriers in the depletion region. The model has been verified on SPAD devices fabricated by 0.18um Bipolar - Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor - Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (BCD) process. The SMC model simulates the dependence of the avalanche multiplication gain and excess noise factor of the SPAD device on the reverse bias voltage. In addition, the SMC model estimates the current–voltage (IV) characteristics and avalanche breakdown voltage of the device. In conclusion, the SMC model can provide guidance for the design and performance optimization of SPAD devices.
Phase time delay caused by quantum effects in nearby plasmonic nanostructures of a one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Rahmatullah  , Zain Yousaf Muhammad , Majjad Hasan Gilani Syed , He Qing , Abbas Muqaddar
Published: October 2023

A one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) incorporated with a defect layer containing a four-level double V-type quantum system adjacent to a plasmonic nanostructure is employed to investigate the Hartman effect. The study involves the interaction of two orthogonal circularly polarized laser beams with the defect layer, possessing identical frequencies but vary in phase and electric field amplitude. The defect layer exhibits quantum system adjacent to plasmonic nanostructure and field interaction phenomena like optical transparency, nonzero dispersion with zero absorption, gain without inversion, and others related effects. By manipulating the phase of the driving fields and probe detuning, the 1DPC can function as either a positive index material (PIM) or a negative index material (NIM), correlating to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively. The positive and negative Hartman effects for PIM and NIM, respectively, can be observed by adjusting the relative phase with respect to the driving fields. Our suggested approach might be used in optical memory, all-optical switching, all-optical routing, and interferometry.
On the solutions of some nonlinear fractional partial differential equations using an innovative and direct procedure
Authors: Rab Abdur , Khan Hassan , Tchier Fairouz , Khan Shahbaz , Kumam Poom , Jebran Samaruddin , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: October 2023

In this article, a highly effective technique is implemented to obtain the approximate solutions of strongly nonlinear fractional order partial differential equations (NFPDEs). The findings of this study show the successful behavior of the fractional novel analytical method (FNAM), which can be used successfully for the solutions of common, severe NFPDEs. In the proposed method, the nonlinearity in each mathematical model is directly handled by using fractional Taylor series, which reduces the calculation effort. In this work, the method's strength is primarily demonstrated on NFPDEs, and the obtained results are displayed via graphs and tables. From the numerical simulations, it is evident that the suggested technique has greater accuracy despite smaller calculations. It is the most straightforward method for determining the formulaic solution to any type of NFPDE and is considered to be the unique numerical methodology.
Interface-induced efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using rGO/SnO2 nanocomposites: exploring the role of rGO concentration at the interface
Authors: Gupta Shalu , Kumar Rakesh
Published: October 2023

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of rGO/SnO2 nanocomposites and investigates their efficacy in the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants. The nanocomposites were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal route, which is an environmentally friendly method without the use of hazardous reducing agents. The incorporation of rGO onto SnO2 nanostructures led to bandgap modification and increased specific surface area, synergistically enhancing the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposites. The influence of varying rGO concentrations on the performance of the nanocomposite was systematically examined. An optimal weight ratio of 15% of rGO was identified, providing the most effective adsorption-photodegradation synergy, resulting in the rapid degradation of organic contaminants under simulated sunlight irradiation. The nanocomposites demonstrated high degradation rates for a mixture of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes within 50 min. Scavenger experiments identified superoxide anion radicals (O
2
•−) and hydroxyl free radicals (OH•) as the primary active species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of initial dye concentration and photocatalyst mass under optimized conditions. The interfacial contact between rGO nanosheets and SnO2 nanostructures played a crucial role in enhancing the photocatalytic performance by facilitating efficient charge carrier separation. The results indicated the efficient degradation of high concentrations of dyes and demonstrated the potential of rGO/SnO2 nanocomposites for real-world wastewater treatment applications. Overall, this study highlights the remarkable adsorption-photocatalytic synergy of rGO/SnO2 nanocomposites, offering a promising solution for the simultaneous degradation of mixed organic contaminants.
Numerical investigation of virtual control surfaces for lift control on NACA0015 airfoil
Authors: Fu Yunhao , Lyu Yongxi , Shi Jingping
Published: October 2023

The plasma actuators as virtual control surfaces are assessed numerically as a means to control the lift of NACA0015 airfoil at the full angle of attack (without stall). The virtual control surface for increasing lift is realized by the pressure side (PS) plasma actuators that induce an upstream jet and the suction side (SS) plasma actuators that induce a downstream jet (SSD plasma actuator), while the one for reducing lift is realized by the SS plasma actuators that induce an upstream jet (SSU plasma actuator). Numerical simulation is achieved by solving the two-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes using the finite volume method. The plasma actuator adopts the empirical model proposed by the author before. The simulation of the air flow was performed for the freestream velocity of 20  m/s (Re=1.03 × 106) and the induced jet momentum coefficient between 0.0846% and 0.9027%. The calculation results show that the optimal number of DBD actuators for increasing the lift is related to the angle of attack. The SS flow separation of the high angle of attack greatly reduces the control effect of the PS actuator, which can be eliminated by arranging the actuators in front of the separation point. Finally, a virtual control surfaces configuration containing three groups of seven plasma actuators is obtained.