bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domestic dogs as a threat to sloths in Costa Rica: A clinical case report and review of the problem
Authors: Brown Natalie , Villada Ana , Trull Sam
Published: March 2023

Human-introduced predators, primarily the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and human-modified landscapes conjointly threaten wildlife across Costa Rica. For arboreal species, including the two-fingered sloth (Choloepus hoffmani), the impact of domestic dogs is amplified in areas of habitat fragmentation. In efforts to navigate discontinuous canopies associated with urban development and human encroachment, C. hoffmani is forced to utilize terrestrial locomotion. This unnatural behavior leaves sloths increasingly vulnerable to predation by domestic dogs, which occupy altered landscapes in high densities. In this report, we detail the ante and postmortem findings associated with C. hoffmani following an extensive attack by three large-breed dogs. The patient sustained severe and fatal polytraumatic injuries targeting the abdominothoracic region. Gross lesions were not readily evident, obscured by unique anatomical characteristics of the species. This report aims to highlight the threat imposed by dogs to sloths and the severity of injuries, with considerations for clinical management in light of C. hoffmani morphology. We review the scope of domestic dog–wildlife conflict in Costa Rica, and propose collaborative mitigation strategies including habitat preservation, domestic dog population control, installation of wildlife corridors, policy initiatives, and dog owner education and public outreach.
The New Pact on Migration and Asylum: Another Step in the EU Migration-Security Continuum or Preservation of the Status Quo?
Authors: Stępka Maciej
Published: March 2023

In 2020 the New Pact on Migration and Asylum was presented as a normalization of EU migration, asylum and border management policies in the EU, a much-needed reform which is supposed to strike a balance between security, solidarity and protection of human lives. The aim of this article is to investigate to what extent the proposed reform is changing the modes and trajectories of the securitization of migration in the EU. In doing so, it focuses on specific security logics promoted in the text, discussing how different iterations of security are strengthened and/or marginalized in the EU securitizing framework. Building on the approach of ‘securitization as the work of framing’, the article indicates that the pact has strengthened the risk-management and resilience-centred security logics while at the same time downplaying the role of humanitarianism. It also reveals a strong role for ‘exceptionality’ as a security logic, which has gained prominence especially in relation to crisis management and a wider application of militarized and robust measures.
Illegal Border Crossing and Associated Offences in the Light of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Laskowska Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

This paper addresses the important current problem of illegal crossing of a national border, which since autumn 2021 has been particularly intense on the Belarusian–Polish section of the border. It has been serious enough to pose a security threat not only to Poland, but also to the rest of Europe. This article contains a discussion of the solutions provided for in the 1999 Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus that concern illegal border crossing and associated crimes, i.e. organization of illegal migration and violation of the period of prohibition of entry into the territory of the country. For the purposes of the article, it was assumed that the scope of the regulations in question is casuistic and restrictive, and provides little guarantee of protection of the national border of Belarus. The legal analyses that were conducted generally confirmed the assumed evaluation of these solutions.
The Migration of Ukrainians to Poland: The Context of Border Criminology
Authors: Lewicka-Zelent Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

The phenomenon of migration is common in modern times. People move around the world for touristic, financial, educational, social and other reasons. One of the destination countries is Poland, in which Ukrainians, the largest contingent of all foreigners, have arrived for a number of years. Currently, the war is in progress in Poland’s neighbouring country. More than 3 million Ukrainian citizens have come to our country in search of temporary or long-term shelter. Considering the increased number of the Ukrainians, Polish people have posed the question as to whether greater delinquency where immigrants are perpetrators will constitute one of the negative outcomes. Accordingly, the decision was made to analyse the phenomenon of the migration of Ukrainians to Poland over the last few decades, as well as their engagement in delinquency, in the context of border criminology. It was also determined to review literature and statistical data concerning the phenomenon discussed. In view of the above, the prediction is made that in the immediate future, the rates in offences committed by these foreigners will increase proportionally to the number of Ukrainian immigrants.
Chinese Immigrants’ Perceptions of Community Justice in the USA: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gerber Jurg , Jia Di
Published: March 2023

An increasing body of research has highlighted the significance of coll aboration between criminal justice practitioners and residents to enhance the quality of life in communities. As an innovative practice model, this collaborative concept maximizes the effectiveness of three core factors of community justice (community policing, community courts, and community corrections) by maintaining community order and enhancing neighbourhood quality of life. However, as many cities and municipalities have invested time and resources into developing positive relationships with immigrants, little research has been focused on the nexus between immigrant communities within the community justice movement model. Using data collected from Chinese immigrants in the US, the current study is the first pilot investigation on perceptions of the new pattern of Chinese immigrants toward their communities and their collaboration with the criminal justice system. This study suggests positive attitudes of immigrants toward community justice, but criminal justice agencies must tailor their interaction to the unique characteristics of each immigrant community. What constitutes good community justice practices in one community may not be effective in another.
From Gastarbeitersystem to Integration: Legal Aspects of Austrian Migration Policy
Authors: Godlewska Ewa
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to present the most important legal regulations in the field of Austrian migration policy, taking into account the changes in this field, the nature of these changes and their conditions. The research question is whether the successive legal regulations were the result of clearly defined goals (and if so, whether these goals were achieved) or rather a result of pas sive adaptation to changing conditions. In the context of the slogan of integration advocated in recent years, it also seems essential to ask whether the legal solutions adopted in Austria strengthen integration or constitute an assimilationist tool. The article discusses such issues as the development of the system for the recruitment of foreign workers, changes in the perception of the phenomenon of migration and the reform of legislation in the field of migration policy in Austria. Moreover, attention is drawn to the most important determinants underlying this reform.
The Rationale for Economic Migration in Selected Countries of Eurasia with Particular Reference to the Taxation of Individuals (Self-Employed and Non-Business) with Income Tax: An Overview Approach
Authors: Rutkowska-Tomaszewska Edyta , Stanisławska Marta , Czechowska Iwona Dorota , Lobozynska Sofiya , Thuy Le Bich
Published: March 2023

The analysis undertaken in this article is of the migration of natural persons, self-employed and not self-employed, for economic (including tax) reasons, which has been recorded among the citizens of Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Vietnam. Tax migration, which is a type of economic migration of individuals, including those engaged in business, is one of the forms of reaction to taxes and tax reforms introduced in a country and the shape of the system of tax preferences. This study aims to examine the conditions of income taxation of individuals in the countries studied (Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Vietnam). The shape of the tax system has been or could be a premise for the migration of individuals from Poland to other countries, as well as from the countries studied to Poland. The reason for choosing these countries for the analysis of this phenomenon was the well-established scholarly cooperation of the Polish authors with authors representing public universities in Vietnam, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as the available statistical data confirming the fact that residents of these countries account for the largest number of permanent and temporary residence permits given in Poland. It was considered that a comparison of legal solutions to the income taxation of taxpayers in the indicated countries, given the significant level of migration to Poland, can lead to exciting conclusions due to the differences in their legal systems, economic development, and tax systems.
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland and confiscation of assets
Authors: Jabłoński Mariusz , Młynarska-Sobaczewska Anna , Olechno Artur , Składowski Konrad , Zaleśny Jacek
Published: March 2023

Sanctions, including individual sanctions, relating to property usually apply with war conflicts. Their imposition by international subjects in domestic law raises the question of whether the Constitution of the Republic of Poland allows for the expropriation considered to be related to the attacking state, since, regardless of external circumstances, Poland remains a constitutional state which protected a property. In the article we argue that on the basis of the current Constitution of the Republic of Poland, it is not permissible to seizure the property of private entities considered to be related to the attacking state, under conditions analogous to the currently applied measures of targeted sanctions like freezing of assets. If the expropriaton were to take place, it would require an amendment to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In order to solve the research task, the dogmatic method and legal interpretation appropriate to the Polish science of constitutional law were used in the work.
La Educación para la Paz desde Johan Galtung.
Authors: Salinas Arias Boris Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Este documento aborda parte del pensamiento de Educación para la Paz desarrollado por Johan Galtung, quien ha sido uno de sus máximos exponentes teóricos. El artículo hace la lectura de las principales obras del autor presentando y analizando sus categorías más importantes. Primero, se presenta el avance significativo dado al pasar de la paz negativa, que asumía la violencia como normal en el ser humano, a una paz positiva que ve la violencia como algo aprendido. Posteriormente aborda la paz positiva y las tres formas de violencia -directa, cultural y estructural-, así como sus dimensiones. Luego, el artículo se detiene en la teoría de las 3R, necesaria para entender los posibles caminos de construcción de paz en comunidades divididas por la guerra. Finalmente, se presenta la teoría y el método de resolución de conflictos. Se concluye la importancia que tiene el reflexionar teóricamente sobre la Educación para la paz, así como la necesidad de explorar caminos y releer a los autores que han hecho propuestas valiosas, ya que, en países como Colombia, la falta de resolución de conflictos en una sociedad polarizada hace cada vez más palpable la activación de nuevas y viejas violencias.
El referencial de política pública, el caso del Programa de Alimentación Escolar en Cali, periodo 2016 – 2018
Authors: Rodriguez Vasquez Maria Eugenia , Vergara Varela Rafael
Published: March 2023

El programa de alimentación escolar – PAE es una estrategia del sector educativo, que puede ser catalogada en el marco de las políticas sociales, y cuyo objeto se ha centrado en impactar en las estadísticas de acceso y permanencia en el ámbito educativo, como tal tiene ejecución en los diferentes niveles educativos y territoriales, bajo lineamientos establecidos por el nivel nacional (MEN, 2014).

 

Desde los parámetros del nivel nacional, el desarrollo del programa enmarca áreas concernientes a la educación, la alimentación, los hábitos saludables y la participación ciudadana; es por lo que en el presente documento se busca identificar cuál es la orientación principal que presenta el PAE en su ejercicio discursivo, buscando con ello definir el referencial de política pública, para lo que también se tiene presente la perspectiva de los actores en torno a su ejercicio de implementación, por lo que para reconocer dichas representaciones se analiza el caso de Santiago de Cali, durante el periodo 2016-2018. Finalmente, para el desarrollo de este artículo se referencian metodologías de corte cualitativo direccionadas hacia el análisis de contenido.
Crímenes, detectives y futuros perdidos
Authors: Almeyda Sarmiento Juan David , Botero Bernal Andrés , Aguirre Román Javier Orlando
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar políticamente la película Chinatown (1974), dirigida por Roman Polanski, desde los aportes filosóficos de Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer y Mark Fisher, de modo que esta narrativa detectivesca kirsch se abra a una politización de su forma y contenido. Para conseguir este objetivo se divide el trabajo en tres partes: la primera, se enfoca en trabajar el personaje del detective; la segunda, pretende abarcar la ciudad como figura narrativa; y, finalmente, la tercera, analiza la figura del criminal dentro de la película. Esta división responde a la teoría de Kracauer sobre la narrativa de detectives, la cual propone que este género tiene potencialidades filosófico-conceptuales que pueden aportar al entendimiento de fenómenos sociales y políticos de la realidad que pretende reflejar. Por último, se cierra con un análisis desde Mark Fisher y su teoría sobre los futuros perdidos para analizar lo trabajado en los acápites anteriores, de modo que sea posible ver cómo, al final, Chinatown permite develar el paso de un capitalismo espacial a uno temporal.
Sobre la valoración de J.S. Bach en la educación musical colombiana a nivel superior: de modelo endiosado a sujeto provincializado
Authors: Castillo Francisco , Ochoa Escobar Juan Sebastián
Published: March 2023

El texto busca indagar acerca de la valoración que se hace de Johann Sebastian Bach dentro de la educación musical a nivel universitario. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso en el que se analiza el papel que se le da a la obra del compositor en la enseñanza de instrumentos de cuerda tradicionales de la zona andina colombiana, instrumentos que hacen parte de una tradición musical diferente a la centroeuropea. Partiendo de algunos aportes de la teoría poscolonial, especialmente de la noción de provincializar Europa propuesta por Dipesh Chakrabarty, los autores plantean la necesidad de provincializar al más mencionado de los llamados grandes compositores, y en general a la tradición musical centroeuropea. Metodológicamente, se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes y docentes de instrumentos como el charango, tiple y bandola andinas, pertenecientes a dos universidades colombianas, con la intención de indagar qué tanto se usa o no la música de Bach en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y, más importante aún, qué justificaciones se esgrimen para ello. Los resultados muestran que el peso simbólico de la obra de Bach sigue siendo muy fuerte incluso en la enseñanza de instrumentos muy alejados de la tradición centroeuropea, por lo cual se propone una provincialización de Bach y su obra para pensar su uso de una forma más crítica.
Mitos y leyendas: difusión del conocimiento ancestral en los jóvenes achaguas del resguardo umapo, vereda pueblo nuevo, municipio de Puerto López, Colombia
Authors: Baron Triana Diany Katerine , Vargas Parrado Ingrith Lorena , Rodríguez Rodríguez Mónica Del Pilar , TRIANA RIVEROS JORGE LUIS
Published: March 2023

Este documento surge de la necesidad de incorporar una difusión para el conocimiento y apropiación de los mitos y leyendas Achaguas a través del diseño de material didáctico construido con la población estudiantil de la Institución Educativa Yaaliakeisy, lo que permite su visualización, la investigación es de tipo cualitativo, siguiendo el paradigma socio crítico, la muestra participante se compuso de diez familias de la comunidad Achagua y 15 estudiantes de la  I.E Yaaliakeisy y de esta manera se contribuyó en el fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural a través de la proyección social incidiendo en el empoderamiento cultural de las actuales y futuras generaciones de la comunidad indígena Achagua con el fin de entregarles el legado y así poder replicarlo en busca de la perpetuidad.
Existence of positive solutions for singular p-Laplacian Hadamard fractional differential equations with the derivative term contained in the nonlinear term
Authors: Guo Limin , Liu Haimei , Li Cheng , Zhao Jingbo , Xu Jiafa
Published: March 2023

In this paper, based on the properties of Green function and the eigenvalue of a corresponding linear operator, the existence of positive solutions is investigated by spectral analysis for a infinite-points singular p-Laplacian Hadamard fractional differential equation boundary value problem, and an example is given to demonstrate the validity of our main results.
FRACTAL RADIOPHYSICS. Part 2. FRACTAL AND MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS METHODS OF SIGNALS AND PROCESSES
Authors:   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Lazorenko O. , Chernogor L. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: March 2023

Subject and Purpose. The subject of this paper is to review the principal methods of fractal and multifractal analysis of signals and processes, in combination with a detailed consideration of the algorithms that can provide for a successful practical implementation of the methods described. Methods and Methodology. The results presented concern modeling of both deterministic and stochastic fractal and multifractal signals and processes. The corresponding practical methods of analysis are considered, with discussion of their essential features, advantages and disadvantages, as well as of the problems of application that may exist. Results. Several approaches have been discussed as to categorizing the signals and processes within the notion of fractality. A few tens of models of deterministic and stochastic fractal or multifractal signals and processes have been analyzed in detail. Over twenty methods of monofractal analysis have been analyzed, with identifi cation of their features, advantages or disadvantages, and limits of applicability. The expediency of resorting to complex methods of monofractal analysis has also been discussed. Those methods are not based upon application of fractal analysis techniques alone but rather combine them with linear and nonlinear integral time-frequency transforms. The effectiveness of the ten most popular multifractal analysis techniques has been confirmed, with consideration of their special features, advantages and drawbacks. Conclusion. The mathematical foundations have been presented which underlie modern methods of analysis and modeling of fractal and multifractal signals and processes. The methods discussed may allow revealing a great amount of unique hidden information on the world around us.
OMNIDIRECTIONAL MILLIMETER-WAVELENGTH ANTENNAS BASED ON SEGMENTAL DIELECTRIC RESONATORS WHICH SUPPORT WHISPERING GALLERY MODES
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kogut A. , Kuzmychov I. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Annino G. ,   Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dolia R. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nosatiuk S. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kogut E. ,   V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Derkach V. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ostryzhnyi Ye. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Subject and Purpose. The subject of investigation is a new class of resonant-type transmit antennas intended for operation at millimeter wavelengths. The model under consideration is based on the idea of diffractional re-emission of waves into the azimuthal direction by local inhomo-geneities of the basically cylindrical structure. The purpose of the work is to justify the possibility of using such an effect for creating antennas with a circular radiation pattern, and to suggest an appropriate design. Methods and Methodology. The research program included both experimental work and application of advanced computer simulation techniques. The modern methods employed have allowed studying electromagnetic field distributions both in internal domains of the dielectric resonators and in the far-field zones of the resonator-based antennas. Results. Design solutions have been proposed for resonant-type, omnidirectional transmit antennas to operate in the millimeter waveband. The characteristic parameters are sizes of their radiating elements, specifically the segmental members equidistantly disposed along the azimuthal direction on the cylindrical surfaces of dielectric disks. The radiational characteristics of such antennas, with segments of either localized or extended dimension (compared with the operating wavelength) have been investigated. Electric field intensity distributions in the far-field region and the respective gain factors of the antennas have been studied. Conclusions. The antennas based on segmental dielectric resonators have been shown to form multi-lobe radiation patterns covering the angular sector of 0–360 along the azimuth. By placing the local segments at the resonant field’s antinodes (of the operating mode) it is possible to achieve relatively high values of the gain, reaching 15.5 dB at the lobe maxima
Role of genetic modification of the PNPLA3 gene in predicting metabolically unhealthy obesity and metabolic associated fatty liver disease in children
Authors:   Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine, Abaturov Aleksandr , Nikulina Anna ,   Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Single nucleotide variants (SNV) of the patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNP-LA3) gene play an important role in hepatic lipid remodeling and lipogenesis de novo, which is associated with the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The aim of the study was to define the contribution of SNV PNPLA3 gene to the development of MUO, complicated by MAFLD in children. Material and methods. 200 obese children aged 6-18 years were examined. The main group (n=118) was represented by children with MUO. The control group (n=82) consolidated of children with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Whole genome sequencing (CeGat) was performed in 31 children of the main and 21 children of the control group. Results. Among obese children, 14 variants of SNV PNPLA3 (rs139051, rs34179073, rs2294918, rs139047, rs779127153, rs2076212, rs738409, rs738408, rs4823173, rs2072906, rs2076213, rs141106484, rs138736228) were identified, including SNV PNPLA3 g.44322818, not described in the dbSNP core database. The role of the following SNV PNPLA3 genotypes in the development of MUO complicated by MAFLD was revealed: rs738409 C/G (Relative risk (RR)=1.71); rs738408 C/T (RR=1.71); rs4823173 G/A (RR=1.57); rs2072906 A/G (RR=1.57) with Sensitivity (Se)=0.63 and Specificity (Sp)=0.72. Conclusion. The contribution to the development of MUO complicated by MAFLD in children is made by the linked association of genotypes: rs738409 C/G, rs738408 C/T, rs4823173 G/A and rs2072906 A/G out of 14 PNPLA3 SNVs diagnosed by us.
Comparison between traditional and disposable bed baths in Intensive Care Unit
Authors:   Nursing Management, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, Amir Haeril , Yusuf Muhammad ,   Intensive Care Unit, Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia, Syam Yuliana ,   Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia, Irwan Andi Masyitha ,   Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia, Cahyani Desy Dwi ,   Midwifery Departement, Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang, Indonesia, Kurnia Djalid Nia ,   Intensive Care Unit, Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia, Idrus Hasta Handayani ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, Rosita Rosita ,   Nursing Study Program, Akademi Keperawatan Justitia, Palu, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. This study aimed to compare the difference in the number of microorganisms (microbial counts) between traditional and disposable bed baths. Material and methods. This study is quasi-experimental with two groups. The sample consisted of 30 respondents from the traditional bed bath and the disposable bed bath groups. Cultures of the groin were obtained to compare the number of microorganisms before and after bathing. Results. Bathing with disposable bed baths has proven to be more effective in reducing the number of microorganisms in both the control group and the intervention group on day I and day II with p=0.014 and p=0.033. Conclusion. Disposable bed baths are more effective in reducing the number of microorganisms on the skin than traditional bed baths.
From ground zero of the pandemic – nurses’ stories via Photovoice
Authors:   Nursing Department, Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, Çetin İbrahim , Türkben Polat Hilal ,   Nursing Department, Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, Burucu Rukiye ,   Nursing Department, Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey, Cantekin Işın ,   Nursing Department, Kamil Akkanat Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers continue to work selflessly and intensively despite many occupational hazards. Although various studies have been carried out to evaluate the experiences of nurses who play an important role in the fight against the pandemic and the effects thereof, qualitative studies carried out using the photovoice technique are very limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experiences of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic and show the impact that COVID-19 has had on nurses’ work and daily life using creative photographic data. Material and methods. This qualitative study employed a participatory action research design, and photovoice technique was used. Research data were collected from nurses working in COVID-19 clinics of various hospitals between May and September 2021. Data analysis was performed via a phenomenological interpretation method. Results. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) burnout, (2) anxiety, (3) social isolation, (4) emphasis on professional value, and (5) the value of life. Each theme was presented with representative photographic and written narratives provided by the participants. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that nurses experience problems such as burnout, anxiety, and social isolation. All the participants associated these problems with the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on work and daily life. On the other hand, the participants emphasized professional value and the value of life despite all the negativities and risks.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a new therapeutical approach in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a review
Authors:   Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital “Riuniti” of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Savino Rosa , Polito Anna N. ,   Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital “Riuniti” of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Bellomo Antonello ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Moscatelli Fiorenzo ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Polito Rita ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Valenzano Anna A. ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Messina Giovanni ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Cibelli Giuseppe ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Ventriglio Antonio ,   Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neurobiology reveals a complex picture of altered excitation-inhibition balance, aberrant neuronal and neurotransmitter activity, and network disorganization that could be addressed through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the most recent literature on the use of TMS to treat patients with ASD and ADHD. Material and methods. Literature search from 2018 up to November 2022 has been conducted on PubMed database. Keywords reflected diagnoses and treatment modalities of interest. Analysis of the literature. Eleven clinical trials regarding the use of TMS as a therapeutic tool in ASD, and seven studies (of which 3 are case reports) for ADHD have been reported. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most frequent area stimulated. Heterogeneity in stimulation parameters, patient age, and outcome measures limited the interpretation of findings. Conclusion. TMS as a therapeutic tool for neurodevelopmental disorders is still in its infancy. To define the real efficacy of TMS, future studies must be randomized, sham-controlled, and double-blind, and should include a larger sample with adequate inclusion/exclusion criteria, and longitudinal follow-up.
Case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults
Authors:   Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland, Dominik Hanna , Dominik Barbara ,   Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zielona Gora, Poland
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare severe illness which is related to prior SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals>=21 years old. The condition was described few months after recognition of similar entity in children known as MIS-C (United Kingdom, April, 2020). The diagnosis of MIS-A is based on clinical symptoms andevidence of inflammation in laboratory markers. It is characterized by extrapulmonary organ dysfunction (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal), general symptoms such as fever, malaise, rash and deviations in blood tests (elevated level of ferritin, procalcitonin, CRP, IL-6, D-Dimer) with a previous or current SARS-CoV-2 infection. The purpose of this study is to present the syndrome on the basis of a clinical case example, to show the course of the disease, its symptoms and the result of applied treatment. Description of the case. The following case describes the clinical history, diagnostic process and applied treatment of 37-year old female patient who was admitted urgently to the hospital with a suspicion of sepsis originating from pharynx. The final diagnosis – MIS-A was settled after performing a broad panel of tests. Clinical picture was non- characteristic. The patient was successfully treated with steroids. Conclusion. MIS-A is a rare clinical entity linked with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms manifest from multiple organ systems and the diagnostic process may be challenging. The illness can be successfully treated with steroids.
Postpartum takotsubo cardiomyopathy complicated with severe pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock – a case report
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Jaipur Golden Hospital, Rohini, Delhi, India, Bembey Raghavi Abhilesh , Jha Rajesh Ranjan ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Jaipur Golden Hospital, Rohini, Delhi, India
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a rare but life-threatening illness that can affect middle aged, young and pregnant women. It is a cardiac emergency and can mimic many other life threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy or dilated cardiomyopathy and is diagnosed by exclusion. Description of the case. Here we report a rare case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a young 28 year old female immediately post vaginal delivery of her normal full term twin pregnancy, who was otherwise a healthy female. She went on to develop complication of left ventricular heart failure and cardiogenic shock, which were successfully managed by conservative treatment leading to a full recovery. Conclusion. Takotsubo or stress cardiomyopathy is a rare entity and often a missed diagnosis, which if caught on time and treated leads to great prognosis. Our patient made a full recovery and is living a healthy life.
Attitudes towards complementary medicine practices among patients admitted to a primary care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors:   Family Medicine, Konya City Hospital, Karatay, Konya, Turkey, Gökgöz Durmaz Funda , Cihan Fatma Gökşin ,   Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Meram, Konya, Turkey, Kızmaz Muhammet ,   Family Medicine, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. The use of complementary medicine applications is increasing due to the interest of society. We aimed to assess the attitudes, behaviors, and awareness of the patients who applied to a primary care unit towards complementary medicine practices. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 562 individuals who admitted in a primary care unit. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews through a research questionnaire form and the Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitudes Scale between 20 June-20 August 2021. The sample size was calculated with the OpenEpi v3.01program and statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS-24 package program. Results. Their mean age was 39.73±12.95 years and women accounted for 55.5% (n=312) of all participants. The most known complementary medicine methods were phytotherapy, acupuncture, and cup therapy. The information sources of the participants about Complementary Medicine were mostly people around them; only 31.1% of them consulted a doctor. The mean total scale score was 111.45±19.08. Those with chronic diseases, employees, who had COVID-19 disease, high educational status, and those who evaluated their health status as good had more positive attitudes towards complementary medicine practices. A weak negative correlation was found between age and total scale score. Conclusion. Although positive attitudes towards complementary medicine practices are exhibited, health professionals are consulted at very low rates as a source of information. Health care providers must make arrangements and plans to provide this increasing interest from reliable sources.
Newborn blood spot screening – knowledge of genetic testing among mothers
Authors:   Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, David Angeline , Cruz Meredith O. ,   Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, Telega Grzegorz ,   Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, Simpson Pippa ,   Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, Pan Amy ,   Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, Nagórska Małgorzata ,   Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
Published: March 2023

Introduction and aim. Newborn blood spot screening (NBS) uses genetic technology to screen for selected genetic, endocrine, and metabolic disorders. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of newborn blood spot genetic screening among expectant mothers. Material and methods. Between October 2015 and January 2016, a 20 question, multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to expectant mothers presenting for a pre-natal ultrasound at the Maternal Fetal Care Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Froedtert Hospital. Statistical analysis used Chi-Square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Results. 103 women completed the survey; 34% believed that education regarding screening is incomplete and 39% believed that it needs improvement. 27% knew the purpose of newborn screening. Conclusion. Many mothers lack general and specific knowledge about NBS and the diseases screened for. Health education that provides accurate and complete information on the newborn blood spot screening should be provided to all parents prior to the administering of any genetic testing. Key areas that should be targeted include: purpose of NBS, screened diseases and how to interpret the results of the test.
Records of Fatal Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Attacks on Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) with an Emphasis on Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Pitman Robert L. , Schulman-Janiger Alisa , Guerrero-Ruíz Mercedes Eugenia , Ortega-Gonzalez Andre Meresiev , Rosales Nanduca Hiram , Fishbach Michael , Pace Ralph , Rodrigues Rui , Chevallay Denis , Viloria-Gómora Lorena
Published: March 2023

Historically, there has been only one documented fatal killer whale (Orcinus orca) attack on a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)—from Baja California, Mexico (BC), in 2005. We compiled records of seven more recent fatal attacks, including four more from BC. Two male killer whales that we identified were involved, separately or together, in at least four of the five fin whale kills off BC as they traveled with their groups the length of the Baja Peninsula on both sides. They were also involved in two Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) kills, and we suggest that they might specialize on large whale prey. We discuss offensive and defensive strategies during these attacks and the role (or lack thereof) of adult male killer whales. One of the fin whales taken appeared to be a healthy adult, which raises questions about large whales as prey for killer whales. We also discuss the burgeoning role of citizen science in this type of research, noting that most of our data came from social media postings.
OSCE Operational Capacity in the Regulation of Armed Conflicts in the Countries of the Former Eastern Bloc (1991–2021)
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University (Poland), Kołodziejska Julia
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to present the operational capabilities of the OSCE in regulating armed conflicts and their application in the former Eastern bloc countries. In order to show the role of the OSCE in the regulation of armed conflicts, OSCE operational capabilities have been structured in a conceptual grid including: OSCE regulatory tools – in the form of missions, field offices and field coordinators; regulatory mechanisms and emergency mechanisms applied in the light of the peaceful pathways of OSCE involvement in the regulatory process. The common feature of operation at each phase is the broadly understood maintenance of stability or achieving stability. There are armed conflicts against which the OSCE has selectively used regulatory activity, omitting certain phases of the conflict, and those against which the application of regulatory tools has not led to lasting stabilisation. The results presented in the paper confirm the correctness of considering the above theories against the background of the conflict cycle concept. Institutional and legal analysis and comparative analysis were used in this paper.
Factors associated with iron deficiency in heart failure
Authors: Smirnova M. P. , Chizhov P. A.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To establish the factors associated with iron deficiency (ID) in pa- tients with heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. We examined 294 patients with NYHA class II-IV HF as follows: 213 — with ID, 81 — without ID. All patients underwent a clinical examination, collection of medical history taking into account the presence, duration and severity of comorbidities, drug history, echocardiography, complete blood count, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, soluble transferrin receptors, hepcidin, erythropoietin, and routine laboratory tests. In addition, we determined the presence and severity of asthenia, anxiety, and depression.

Results. Twenty-nine clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters were established, which had significant differences in patients with and without ID and significant correlations with ID. Determining the odds ratio for these 29 parameters revealed 7 factors significantly associated with ID in patients with HF. Using multivariate logistic regression, a significant cumulative effect of these factors on the ID risk was established.

Conclusion. ID in patients with HF is associated with age, class II-IV HF, elevated hepcidin levels, duration of hypertension and diabetes, history of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and novel oral anticoagulants for >1 year.
Mitral valve chordal rupture against the background of cardiac SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cases series
Authors: Sukmarova Z. N. , Matskevich L. A. , Ovchinnikov Yu. V. , Goloshchapov O. I. , Lila A. M.
Published: March 2023

In an ever-changing information flow on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we describe a case series of mitral valve chordal rupture (MVCR) in non-comorbid middle-aged men that occurred over a period of 3 to 5 weeks after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. With significant advances in the prevention of acute rheumatic fever, the treatment of bacterial endocarditis and acute coronary syndrome, acute mitral regurgitation has become a relatively rare diagnosis. During the pandemic, there has been a surge in the incidence of spontaneous MVCR, and new data on the problem are accumulating. The presented case series are united by the fact that the infection symptoms were mild, followed by signs of probable endomyocarditis, unrecognized in time, and acute mitral valve regurgitation developed against the background of physical provocation (exercise and cough). Two patients had previously been diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse (myxomatous degeneration and connective tissue disease). Two patients were successfully operated on in different clinics. The described cases emphasize that the consequences of inflammation persistence may be more severe than the primary viral damage, which determines the importance of a comprehensive examination and long-term follow-up. To date, the differential diagnosis of patients with sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain associated with an infectious process should include MVCR.
Structural and functional characteristics of left ventricular strain in healthy individuals with different physical activity level according to echocardiography
Authors: Begrambekova Yu. L. , Drobyazko O. A. , Skripkina D. V. , Orlova Ya. A. , Alekhin M. N.
Published: March 2023

Aim. To determine the structural and functional characteristics of the myocardium in young people with different levels of physical activity (PA).

Material and methods. The study included 108 young people without cardiovascular diseases. Seventy-two people were professional endurance athletes (Group A) and 36 were non-athletes (Group non-A). Anthropometric data were evaluated. Transthoracic echocardiography and assessment of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain, as well as LV twisting, were performed. PA level in non-A group was determined using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Results. PA level <600 MET-min/week was revealed in 22,3% of participants, moderate PA (from 600 to 1500 MET-min/week) — in 41,7%, and high (3000 MET-min/week) — in 36% of participants of inactive, moderately active and highly active subgroups, respectively. Group A daily PA level was ~15000 MET-min/week. In non-A group, there were no significant differences in echocardiographic parameters in subgroups with different PA levels. Significant differences with group A were revealed. LV diastolic function was within the normal range in all subgroups. The E/A ratio was higher in subgroups with higher PA (maximum in subgroup A). Significant differences were observed between inactive (p=0,027) and athletes/moderately active (p=0,017) subgroups. Longitudinal, radial and circular strain characteristics did not differ in A and non-A groups and were within normal range.

Conclusion. In young people without cardiovascular diseases with PA ranges from extremely low to those recommended by WHO, the structural and functional myocardial characteristics were within age normal range and significantly differed from those of professional athletes. In professional athletes, these parameters also remained within the age normal range. Myocardial strain characteristics were within the normal range in all participants