bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Care decision conversations
Authors:   , Pater-Briedé Saskia
Published: September 2024

Care Decision Conversations: Improving communication about treatment wishes and limitations: how to prepare patients and physicians
In our thesis, we explore how to enhance conversations about care decisions between doctors and patients, to adjust treatment to the patients’ goals, wishes and values. We developed training programs for physicians and educational materials for patients, testing these interventions in both outpatient clinics and emergency departments. Besides, we analyzed conversations and performed interviews with patients and physicians to gain insight in the current practice.
Current Practices and Challenges: Care decision conversations occur rarely. There is no dedicated slot for the introduction of the topic of care decisions. Physicians use extensive justifications for the introduction of the topic and express troubles to introduce it without clear direct cause. The topic is sensitive, what can be seen by the use of hesitations and repairs when it is introduced. Patients associate the topic with the end of life, and therefore irrelevant for them at this moment. They wait for doctors to initiate care decision conversations.
Effect of the interventions: Physicians feel better prepared for care decision conversations after training. Patients assessed the educational material informative. At the outpatient clinic, patient satisfaction did not improve after the interventions, perhaps because overall satisfaction was already very high. At the emergency department, quality of care decision conversations, assessed by patients, improved significantly, despite merely 12% of the patients received the educational folder. This suggest the physician training mainly caused the improvement.
Recommendations: We recommend for the integration of care decision conversations in medical consults: a normal, recurring part of the conversation. Training for physicians should focus on the relevance and sensitivity of the topic, and conversational techniques. Patients should be made aware of the relevance and the topic should be disconnected from the end of life.
Together, patients and physicians can make way for fruitful care decision conversations!
Lojistik Performansın Türkiye’nin İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Yücel Mustafa Emir
Published: September 2024

Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin lojistik performans indeksinin (LPI) mal ihracatı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye’nin en fazla ihracat yaptığı 20 ülkeye ve Türkiye’ye ait 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 ve 2018 yıllarına ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Veri ve örneklem yapısı belirlenirken, Dünya Bankası tarafından oluşturulan LPI ve Türkiye’nin en fazla ihracat yaptığı ülkelerle ilgili tüm yıllara ait verilerin bulunabilirliği göz önüne alınmıştır. Panel veri yapısına sahip olan modelde ülke etkisinin yapısı ve yatay kesit bağımlılığı göz önüne alındığında, tahmin yöntemi olarak uygulanabilir Genelleştirilmiş En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi (FGLS) kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye’nin LPI skorunun Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’nin LPI skorunda ortaya çıkacak %1 oranındaki artış, ihracatını yaklaşık olarak %0.77 oranında artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin ihracat ortaklarının LPI skoru Türkiye’nin ihracatı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etki göstermemektedir. Çalışma bulgularına göre, reel döviz kurunun ihracat üzerinde büyük bir etki gösterdiği sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır.
Intravenous administration of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves gait and sensory function in mouse models of spinal cord injury
Authors: Tsuji Shoichiro , Kuramoto Yoji , Rajbhandari Saujanya , Takeda Yuki , Yamahara Kenichi , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe disabilities and remains a significant social and economic challenge. Despite advances in medical research, there are still no effective treatments for SCI. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) have shown potential due to their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of intravenously administered hAMSCs in SCI models.

Methods

Three days after induction of SCI with forceps calibrated with a 0.2 mm gap, hAMSCs or vehicle were administered intravenously. Up to 4 weeks of SCI induction, motor function was assessed by scores on the Basso Mouse Locomotor Scale (BMS) and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan Scale (BBB), and sensory function by hindlimb withdrawal reflex using von Frey filaments. Six weeks after SCI induction, gait function was assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis. Immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, and ELISA assay were performed to clarify the mechanisms of functional improvement.

Results

The hAMSC treatment significantly improved sensory response and gait function. In the SCI site, immunohistochemistry showed a reduction in Iba1-positive cells and PCR revealed decreased TNFα and increased BDNF levels in the hAMSC-treated group. In assessing the systemic inflammatory response, hAMSC treatment reduced monocytic bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and Ly6C-positive inflammatory macrophages in the bone marrow by flow cytometry and serum NO levels by ELISA assay.

Discussion

This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the hAMSC in SCI, with improvements in gait and sensory functions and reduced inflammation both locally and systemically. The findings support further investigation of the hAMSC as a potential treatment for SCI, focusing on their ability to modulate inflammation and promote neuroprotection.
Insight into the integration effect of chitosan and β-cyclodextrin on the properties of zinc-phosphate/hydroxyapatite hybrid as delivery structures for 5-fluorouracil: loading and release profiles
Authors: Bin Jumah May N. , Al Othman Sarah I. , Alomari Awatif Abdulaziz , Allam Ahmed A. , Bellucci Stefano , Abukhadra Mostafa R.
Published: September 2024

Zinc-phosphate/hydroxyapatite hybrid form (ZP/HP) in core-shell nanostructure was developed and functionalized with both chitosan (CS@ZP/HP) and β-cyclodextrin (CD@ZP/HP) as bio-composite of enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. These structures were assessed as potential deliveries of 5-fluorouracil, exhibiting enhanced loading, release, and anti-cancer behaviors. The functionalization strongly prompted the loading effectiveness to be 301.3 mg/g (CS@ZP/HP) and 342.8 mg/g (CD@ZP/HP) instead of 238.9 mg/g for ZP/HP. The loading activities were assessed based on the hypotheses of traditional kinetic and isotherm models, alongside the computational variables of the monolayer model with a single energetic site as an advanced isotherm model. The functionalized versions exhibit much greater loading efficacy compared to ZP/HP as a result of the increment in the density of the existing loading sites [Nm(5-Fu) = 78.85 mg/g (ZP/HP), 93.87 mg/g (CS@ZP/HP), and 117.8 mg/g (CD@ZP/HP)]. Furthermore, the loading energies of approximately 40 kJ/mol, together with the loading potential of each receptor (n > 1) and Gaussian energies of approximately 8 kJ/mol, indicate the physical entrapment of 5-Fu molecules according to a vertical orientation. The materials mentioned verify long-term and continuous release characteristics. Following the modification processes, this behavior became faster as both CS@ZP/HP and CD@ZP/HP displayed complete release within 120 h at pH 1.2. The kinetic studies and diffusing exponent (>0.45) indicate that release characteristics are controlled by both diffusion and erosion processes. These carriers also markedly increase the cytotoxicity of 5-Fu against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell lines: 5-Fu-ZP/HP (3.2% cell viability), 5-Fu-CS@ZP/HP (1.12% cell viability), and 5-Fu-CD@ZP/HP (0.63% cell viability).
First report of a blaNDM-producing extensively drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 in Italy
Authors: Ranieri Sofia Chiatamone , Fabbrizi Vittoria , D’ Amario Ada Maria , Frascella Maria Giuseppina , Di Biase Valeria , Di Francesco Cinzia , Di Sante Stefania , De Berardis Luigino , De Martinis Massimo , Partenza Massimo , Chiaverini Alexandra , Centorotola Gabriella , Cammà Cesare , Pomilio Francesco , Cornacchia Alessandra
Published: September 2024

Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (CP-Kps) have recently been observed to spread rapidly worldwide. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) cause a significant healthcare burden, particularly in Indian sub-continent, where this clone is circulating widely. However, in Italy, data on the incidence of these new clones is limited, and an ST437 NDM-producing K. pneumoniae strain has not been reported to date. A sacral ulcer infection caused by a K. pneumoniae strain was identified in an 85-year-old Italian male patient with several comorbidities. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed an extensive resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials, including novel agents such as cefiderocol and ceftazidime/avibactam. Genomic analysis identified the pathogen as an ST437 K. pneumoniae strain harboring blaNDM-5, blaOXA-232 and blaCTX-M-15 genes. Following the identification of this first case, several infection control measures were implemented in healthcare settings, including direct precautions and reinforcement of standard cross-transmission control measures. The emergence of pathogenic microbial clones carrying new genetic determinants, particularly in a little city, requires prompt diagnosis and therapeutic protocols. An effective infection control system for the early detection and/or control of the transmission of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae is also needed. Further investigations are required to better understand the potential transmission routes and evolution of these clones.
What drives online impulse buying among Zoomers on TikTok in an emerging market? A new model based on flow theory
Authors: Obadă Daniel-Rareș , Țugulea Oana
Published: September 2024

Our article aims to investigate the factors, precisely motives for TikTok use, perceived ad intrusiveness, attitude toward advertising, ad credibility, ad value, and online flow experience, driving buying impulsiveness among Generation Z users on TikTok. We developed and analyzed a theoretical model using SmartPLS. We used a quantitative-based approach to collect data by surveying a convenience sample of 2406 online questionnaires. The results indicate that motives for TikTok use negatively affect perceived ad intrusiveness while positively affecting the online flow experience and ad credibility. Attitude towards advertising negatively impacts perceived ad intrusiveness, while attitude towards advertising positively influences ad credibility and value. Furthermore, ad credibility has a positive impact on ad value, which, in turn, positively influences online impulse buying. As such, adapted ad content leads to a positive attitude toward advertising, creating an optimal experience on the platform and a positive perception of ads regarding credibility and value.
In-situ visualization and structure optimization of the flow channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Qin Zhengguo , Liu Yuanyuan , Tongsh Chasen , Bao Zhiming , Li Hongtao , Wu Kangcheng , Deng Zhe , Qin Bowen , Du Qing , Jiao Kui
Published: September 2024

The flow field serves as an important component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for maintaining the hydration of the membrane and discharge of excessive water. In this study, a transparent polycarbonate plate was used as the cathode end plate of the PEMFC. The water management capacity of the PEMFCs with different cathode flow fields was evaluated. The movement and evolution patterns of water droplets, film, and columns in different flow fields were analyzed. The results show that liquid water is discharged faster as the cross-section of the flow channel becomes smaller. The performance of the PEMFC with a partially-narrowed flow field is higher due to better water management capacity and forced convection of gas reactant. Liquid water exists mostly in the form of liquid columns in the parallel flow channel, damaging the uniformity of gas distribution. The wavy flow field is likely to be flooded due to the difference of water movement velocity in different channel regions. In addition, a volume of fluid (VOF) model was developed to quantitatively evaluate the water management performance of each type of flow field. The water movement patterns in the different flow channels were concluded. This study provided real-time observations of water movement in the flow channel, revealing a correlation between water management capabilities and the performance of the PEMFC.
Enhancing green ports in Dar es Salaam Port: facility optimization for emission reduction through Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy inference systems
Authors: Kunambi Majid Mohammed , Zheng Hongxing
Published: September 2024

This study rigorously assesses emissions from diverse equipment at Dar es Salaam Port, analyzing CO, NOx, SO2, PM10, and POC emissions across various areas. Detailed data collection includes machine specifications, and calculated emission factors that facilitate precise analysis. The research design includes both evaluation of emissions and a strategic phase for optimizing equipment towards reduction. This study employs Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) to comprehensively analyze emissions from diverse equipment within Dar es Salaam Port. The FIS enhances precision in emission reduction target-setting by considering the intricate parameters, unique to each equipment type. In 2022, the cumulative emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, PM10, and POC amounted to 185,163, 92,908.4, 40,842.4, 8,067.53, and 9,178.614 pounds, respectively, forming a basis for evaluating sustainability initiatives. Strategic interventions are delineated for each equipment type, from advanced technologies for Rubber-Tired Gantry Cranes (RTG) and systematic replacements for Forklifts. Overarching initiatives include regulatory frameworks, alternative fuels, and technology transitions. The FIS models specify emission reduction targets, such as Mamdani proposing a reduction of 12,504.51 pounds of CO from Berthing Tugs, and Sugeno suggesting 3,751.353 pounds. These nuanced recommendations integrate into a strategic roadmap, guiding Dar es Salaam Port towards a sustainable future.
Vegetation spectra as an integrated measure to explain underlying soil characteristics: a review of recent advances
Authors: Buma Willibroad , Abelev Andrei , Merrick Trina
Published: September 2024

Grassland ecosystems play a critical role in global carbon cycling and environmental health. Understanding the intricate link between grassland vegetation traits and underlying soil properties is crucial for effective ecosystem monitoring and management. This review paper examines advancements in utilizing Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs) and hyperspectral remote sensing to bridge this knowledge gap. We explore the potential of vegetation spectra as an integrated measure of soil characteristics, acknowledging the value of other remote sensing sources. Our focus is on studies leveraging hyperspectral data from proximal and airborne sensors, while discussing the impact of spatial scale on trait retrieval accuracy. Finally, we explore how advancements in global satellite remote sensing contribute to vegetation trait detection. This review concludes by identifying current challenges, outlining future research directions, and highlighting opportunities for improved understanding of the vegetation-soil property interaction.
A surface water resource asset accounting method based on multi-source remote sensing data
Authors: Kang Hui , Dou Wenzhang , Chen Li , Han Lingyi , Sui Xinxin , Ding Ziyue
Published: September 2024

Water resource asset (WRA) accounting holds great importance in ecological civilization construction. Existing WRA accounting methods heavily rely on statistical data, resulting in issues such as missing and inaccessible data. Moreover, they only consider the value brought by the physical resources, such as water quantity and quality, while neglecting the value brought by the ecological functions. Therefore, by fully exploiting the rapid, objective, and efficient advantages of remote sensing (RS) in monitoring surface objects, this article develops a surface WRA (SWRA) accounting method based on multi-source RS data. First, a representation model is innovatively proposed, with full consideration of the ecological service functions offered by water resources. Specifically, the SWRAs are represented by two parts: tangible and intangible assets. The tangible asset refers to the quantifiable stock of water resources. Surface water volume is adopted as the indicator for tangible assets in this article. The intangible asset, which primarily embodies the ecological service functions provided by water resources, encompasses five major categories: flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, water purification, and water conservation. Furthermore, due to different units, the total amounts cannot be summed or compared directly. Therefore, this article utilizes price tools to convert SWRAs into price value, ultimately achieving SWRA accounting. The established method was tested in Miyun, Beijing, China, from 2013 to 2023. The findings demonstrate that the SWRA value reached its peak in 2023, amounting to 56,9368.6×104 yuan, while it had its lowest point in 2014, standing at 14,7402.7×104 yuan. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can quickly provide the SWRA values for many years, offering a methodological foundation for SWRA asset auditing and enhancing the timeliness of the auditing work.
Comprehensive survey of Early to Middle Triassic Gondwanan floras reveals under-representation of plant–arthropod interactions
Authors: Turner Holly-Anne , McLoughlin Stephen , Mays Chris
Published: September 2024

Plants and arthropods are primary drivers of terrestrial ecosystem function. Trace fossils of plant–arthropod interactions (PAIs) provide a unique window into assessing terrestrial ecosystem states through geological time and evaluating changes in herbivorous arthropod feeding guilds in the wake of global biotic crises. The end-Permian event (EPE; c. 252 Ma) resulted in the loss of keystone plant species from humid tropical and high-latitude ecosystems and the extinction of several major insect groups. The subsequent Early to Middle Triassic evinced diminished terrestrial productivity, punctuated by a series of second-order biotic crises that hindered recovery. Here, we survey records of Gondwanan Early to Middle Triassic floral assemblages for evidence of PAIs as an indication of ecosystem recovery following the EPE. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of fossil plant taxa and PAIs for lower Mesozoic strata of Gondwana, revealing an increase in specific and generic floral diversity from the Early to Middle Triassic. We noted a lack of PAIs reported from many localities with abundant fossil leaves, which might be interpreted to be a consequence of a post-EPE delay in the recovery of arthropod feeding guilds compared to the flora. However, by comparing floral assemblages between regions of Gondwana, our results also partly attribute the absence of PAIs to the relative paucity of palaeoichnological and palaeobotanical studies of this interval. To test for potential under-reporting of PAIs in the Triassic, we present a case study of the well-described Australian Middle Triassic Benolong Flora. In contrast to existing Australian Early to Middle Triassic PAI reports on only three plant specimens, this systematic investigation revealed 44 PAI traces comparable to published examples, hosted by 40 fossil plant fragments (7.77% of fragments assessed; N = 591). Margin-feeding traces constituted the dominant Functional Feeding Group (FFG) identified (23 examples: 3.72% of fragments assessed). Our review highlights several Early and Middle Triassic Gondwanan plant fossil-rich successions and existing collections that require further examination. We predict that investigations of these assemblages will greatly elucidate the relationships between rapidly changing environments during the Early and Middle Triassic and their effects on the plant and arthropod communities in the Southern Hemisphere.
Strategies for developing self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Yang Kaiwen , Zeng Youqin , Wu Xinyu , Li Jia , Guo Jinlin
Published: September 2024

In the recent history of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, vaccines have been a crucial public health tool, playing a significant role in effectively preventing infections. However, improving the efficacy while minimizing side effects remains a major challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in nanoparticle-based delivery systems aimed at improving antigen delivery efficiency and immunogenicity. Among these, self-assembled nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, and surface properties have garnered considerable attention. This paper reviews the latest advancements in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines utilizing self-assembled materials, highlighting their advantages in delivering viral immunogens. In addition, we briefly discuss strategies for designing a broad-spectrum universal vaccine, which provides insights and ideas for dealing with possible future infectious sarbecoviruses.
Tide-surge interactions in Northern South China Sea: a comparative study of Barijat and Mangkhut (2018)
Authors: Chen Yan , Miao Yating , Xie Peiwei , Zhang Yuhong , Li Yineng
Published: September 2024

In this study, the storm surge processes and characteristics of Tide-Surge Interactions (TSI) induced by the sequential tropical cyclones (TCs) BARIJAT and MANGKHUT (2018) in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) are investigated using the numerical model. By comparing the impacts of the two TCs, we find that storm surges are significantly influenced by multiple factors. Notably, bays situated on the western side of the cyclone’s landfall point exhibit a double peak pattern in storm surge. In addition, TSI exhibits a pronounced impact across bays affected by the two TCs, with amplitude fluctuations ranging from -0.3 to 0.3 meters and contributing approximately -5% to -20% to the peaks of storm surge. Comparative analysis of TSI variations reveals that tides act as the primary determinant, significantly influencing both the magnitude and period of TSI. Dynamic analysis further highlights that variations in TSI are dominated by barotropic pressure gradient and bottom friction stress. Moreover, TSI affects the frequency of storm surges, introducing high-frequency tidal signals to storm surges and reducing the frequency of storm surges.
Unveiling superior phenol detoxification and degradation ability in Candida tropicalis SHC-03: a comparative study with Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742
Authors: Li Qian , Chen Yulei , Tang Hao , Shu Baichao , Zhang Zhengyue , Tang Jiaye , Li Dang , Jiang Linjia , Shen Jiwei , Yang Yaojun , Wang Hanyu , Ma Menggen
Published: September 2024

This study examined the phenol degradation capabilities and oxidative stress responses of Candida tropicalis SHC-03, demonstrating its metabolic superiority and resilience compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 in a culture medium with phenol as the sole carbon source. Through comparative growth, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses under different phenol concentrations, this study revealed C. tropicalis SHC-03’s specialized adaptations for thriving in phenol as the sole carbon source environments. These include a strategic shift from carbohydrate metabolism to enhanced phenol degradation pathways, highlighted by the significant upregulation of genes for Phenol 2-monoxygenase and Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Despite phenol levels reaching 1.8 g/L, C. tropicalis exhibits a robust oxidative stress response, efficiently managing ROS through antioxidative pathways and the upregulation of genes for peroxisomal proteins like PEX2, PEX13, and PMP34. Concurrently, there was significant upregulation of genes associated with membrane components and transmembrane transporters, enhancing the cell’s capacity for substance exchange and signal transduction. Especially, when the phenol concentration was 1.6 g/L and 1.8 g/L, the degradation rates of C. tropicalis towards it were 99.47 and 95.91%, respectively. Conversely, S. cerevisiae BY4742 shows limited metabolic response, with pronounced growth inhibition and lack of phenol degradation. Therefore, our study not only sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning phenol tolerance and degradation in C. tropicalis but also positions this yeast as a promising candidate for environmental and industrial processes aimed at mitigating phenol pollution.
Biochar regulates the functions of keystone taxa to reduce p-coumaric acid accumulation in soil
Authors: Zhu Xuanquan , Jia Meng , Zi Dingchun , Zhou Peng , Du Yu , Wang Na , Dai Huijuan , Wang Ge , Bai Yuxiang
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Applying biochar (BC) to reduce toxic substance accumulation in soil, either through direct adsorption or modulation of the microbial community, has received considerable attention. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding how BC regulates microbial community structure and functions to mitigate toxic substance accumulation.

Methods

We previously identified p-coumaric acid (p-CA) as a representative autotoxin in tobacco rhizosphere soil. On this basis, this study simulated a soil environment with p-CA accumulation to investigate the impacts of BC on p-CA, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure and function.

Results

The results showed that p-CA could be directly adsorbed onto BC, which followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.996). A pot experiment revealed that BC significantly reduced soil p-CA, altered soil microbial composition, and enhanced bacterial community diversity. A weighted correlation network analysis showed a close association between taxon 1 in the microbial network and p-CA, suggesting a pivotal role for this taxon in reducing p-CA, with Devosia and Nocardioides identified as potential key contributors to this process. The prediction of possible keystone taxa functions showed that BC increased the relative abundances of aromatic compound degraders. Mantel tests indicated that soil organic matter exerted the greatest influence on keystone taxa functions and hub genera.

Discussion

These findings suggest that BC may either directly chemisorb p-CA or indirectly facilitate p-CA degradation by regulating the functioning of keystone taxa. The results of this study provide a novel perspective for further investigation of the mechanisms through which BC reduces the accumulation of toxic substances in soil.
Copper metabolism in osteoarthritis and its relation to oxidative stress and ferroptosis in chondrocytes
Authors: Yu Qingyuan , Xiao Yanan , Guan Mengqi , Zhang Xianshuai , Yu Jianan , Han Mingze , Li Zhenhua
Published: September 2024

Ferroptosis, an iron-ion-dependent process of lipid peroxidation, damages the plasma membrane, leading to non-programmed cell death. Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent chronic degenerative joint disease among middle-aged and older adults, is characterized by chondrocyte damage or loss. Emerging evidence indicates that chondrocyte ferroptosis plays a role in OA development. However, most research has concentrated on ferroptosis regulation involving typical iron ions, potentially neglecting the significance of elevated copper ions in both serum and joint fluid of patients with OA. This review aims to fill this gap by systematically examining the interplay between copper metabolism, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and copper-associated cell death in OA. It will provide a comprehensive overview of copper ions’ role in regulating ferroptosis and their dual role in OA. This approach seeks to offer new insights for further research, prevention, and treatment of OA.
Dynamic interactions of physiological systems during competitive gaming: insights from network physiology - case report
Authors: Stamatis Andreas , Morgan Grant B. , Reyes Jorge C.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the dynamic interactions between physiological systems during competitive gaming, utilizing a Network Physiology approach. By examining the physiological responses of a gamer with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder playing a real-time strategy game, we explore the relationships and temporal lag effects between pupil dilation, skin temperature, and heart rate. Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of these physiological systems and demonstrate how different physiological states are associated with unique patterns of network interactions. The study employs the concept of Time Delay Stability towards a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics involved. This research contributes to the growing field of Network Physiology by offering new insights into the physiological underpinnings of competitive gaming, potentially informing targeted training and recovery protocols for eSports athletes.
Intercellular transmission of alpha-synuclein
Authors: Wu Shenjie , Schekman Randy W.
Published: September 2024

An emerging theme in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the propagation of α-synuclein pathology as the disease progresses. Research involving the injection of preformed α-synuclein fibrils (PFFs) in animal models has recapitulated the pathological spread observed in PD patients. At the cellular and molecular levels, this intercellular spread requires the translocation of α-synuclein across various membrane barriers. Recent studies have identified subcellular organelles and protein machineries that facilitate these processes. In this review, we discuss the proposed pathways for α-synuclein intercellular transmission, including unconventional secretion, receptor-mediated uptake, endosome escape and nanotube-mediated transfer. In addition, we advocate for a rigorous examination of the evidence for the localization of α-synuclein in extracellular vesicles.
Heterogeneous SSTR2 target expression and a novel KIAA1549::BRAF fusion clone in a progressive metastatic lesion following 177Lutetium-DOTATATE molecular radiotherapy in neuroblastoma: a case report
Authors: Park Se Whee Sammy , Fransson Susanne , Sundquist Fredrik , Nilsson Joachim N. , Grybäck Per , Wessman Sandra , Strömgren Jacob , Djos Anna , Fagman Henrik , Sjögren Helene , Georgantzi Kleopatra , Herold Nikolas , Kogner Per , Granberg Dan , Gaze Mark N. , Martinsson Tommy , Karlsson Kasper , Stenman Jakob J. E.
Published: September 2024

In this case report, we present the treatment outcomes of the first patient enrolled in the LuDO-N trial. The patient is a 21-month-old girl diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and widespread skeletal metastasis. The patient initially underwent first-line therapy according to SIOPEN HRNBL-1 but was switched to second-line treatments due to disease progression, and she was finally screened for enrollment in the LuDO-N trial due to refractory disease. Upon enrollment, the patient received two rounds of the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue lutetium-177 octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE), which was well tolerated. A dosimetry analysis revealed a heterogeneous uptake across tumor lesions, resulting in a significant absorbed dose of 54 Gy in the primary tumor, but only 2 Gy at one of the metastatic sites in the distal femur. While the initial treatment response showed disease stabilization, the distal femoral metastasis continued to progress, leading to the eventual death of the patient. A tissue analysis of the biopsies collected throughout the course of the disease revealed heterogeneous drug target expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) across and within tumor lesions. Furthermore, genomic profiling revealed a novel KIAA1549::BRAF fusion oncogene amplification in the distal femoral metastasis at recurrence that might be related with resistance to radiation, possibly through the downregulation of SSTR2. This case report demonstrates a mixed response to molecular radiotherapy (MRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE. The observed variation in SSTR2 expression between tumor lesions suggests that heterogeneous target expression may have been the reason for treatment failure in this patient’s case. Further investigation within the LuDO-N trial will give a more comprehensive understanding of the correlation between SSTR2 expression levels and treatment outcomes, which will be important to advance treatment strategies based on MRT for children with high-risk NB.
Comparative assessment of the diagnostic efficacy of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging for detecting postoperative recurrence in gastric cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Jian , Wu Yong , Zhang Yanyin , Peng Xiang , Jiang Chengzhi , Zhou Wanjing , Dai Jiashun , Xie Aimin , Ye Hui , Zheng Kai
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT with that of [18F]FDG PET/CT for detecting postoperative recurrence in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods

This single-center retrospective clinical study was performed at Hunan Cancer Hospital between December 2020 and June 2022. The participants underwent both [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F]FDG within 14 days. Histopathologic examination, morphological imaging, and/or follow-up imaging were used as a reference for the final diagnosis. We recorded the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F]FDG PET/CT for detecting local recurrence, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The SUVmax and background ratio (TBR) of local recurrence and metastases between [18F]FDG and [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT were compared using paired-sample t tests.

Results

Forty-seven patients (27 males, aged 25–68 years) with gastric cancer after curative resection (27 with adenocarcinoma, 17 with signet ring cell carcinoma and 4 with mucinous adenocarcinoma) were included in the study. [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 accumulation was significantly greater than that of [18F]FDG in terms of local recurrence (SUVmax, 11.65 vs 3.48, p< 0.0001; TBR, 12.93 vs 2.94, p< 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (SUVmax, 13.45 vs 3.05, p=0.003875; TBR, 12.43 vs 2.21, p=0.001661), and distant metastasis (SUVmax, 11.89 vs 2.96, p < 0.0001; TBR, 13.32 vs 2.32, p< 0.0001). Despite no statistical comparison was made with [18F]FDG, [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 imaging exhibited high levels of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for detecting postoperative local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.

Conclusion

[18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 has demonstrated potential for more accurate tumor re-evaluation in GC, thus enhancing treatment decision-making.
Development of transcriptomic tools for predicting the response to individual drug of the mFOLFIRINOX regimen in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fraunhoffer Nicolas , Teyssedou Carlos , Pessaux Patrick , Bigonnet Martin , Dusetti Nelson , Iovanna Juan
Published: September 2024

Background

The utilization of modified FOLFIRINOX (mFFX) therapy has shown notable advancements in patient outcomes in both localized and metastatic PDAC. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of mFFX treatment comes at the cost of elevated toxicity, leading to its restriction to patients with adequate performance status. Consequently, the administration of mFFX is contingent upon patient performance rather than rational criteria. The ideal scenario would involve the ability to assess the sensitivity of each drug within the mFFX regimen, minimizing unnecessary toxicity without compromising clinical benefits.

Methods

We developed transcriptomic signatures for each drug of the mFFX regimen (5FU, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) by integrating transcriptomic data from PDC, PDO and PDX with their corresponding chemo-response profiles to capture the biological components responsible for the response to each drug. We further validated the signatures in a cohort of 167 patients with advanced and metastatic PDAC.

Results

All three signatures captured high responder patients for OS and PFS in the mFFX arm exclusively. We then studied the response of patients to 0, 1, 2 and 3 drugs and we identified a positive correlation between the number of drugs predicted as sensitive and the OS and PFS, and the with objective response rate.

Conclusions

We developed three novel transcriptome-based signatures which define sensitivity for each mFFX components that can be used to rationalize the administration of the mFFX regimen in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and could help to avoid unnecessary toxic effects.
Massive tarsal coalition with extended tarsometatarsal coalition in a child: a case report
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Xiaodong , Jiang Jun , Tang Xueyang
Published: September 2024

Tarsal coalition refers to the union of two or more tarsal bones, which mostly involves the calcaneonavicular and talocalcaneal joints; it is rarely found in multiple unions or unions extended to the metatarsal bones. Nearly 50% of cases occur bilaterally and can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. We described a rare case of symmetrically bilateral tarsal coalitions involving all the tarsal bones, except for the medial cuneiform, and extending to the fourth metatarsal bones in a 5-year-old boy. This patient exhibited no obvious symptoms and had not received any further intervention, only regular follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of massive coalition involving the union of six tarsals and one tarsometatarsal bilaterally.
DJ-1 regulates mitochondrial function and promotes retinal ganglion cell survival under high glucose-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Peng Hanhan , Li Haoyu , Ma Benteng , Sun Xinyue , Chen Baihua
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of DJ-1 in mitigating retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage induced by high glucose (HG).

Methods

A diabetic mouse model and an HG-induced R28 cell model were employed for loss- and gain-of-function experiments. The expression levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related factors, including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase3, Catalase, MnSOD, GCLC, Cyto c, and GPx-1/2, were assessed in both animal and cell models using Western blotting. Retinal structure and function were evaluated through HE staining, electroretinogram, and RGC counting. Mitochondrial function and apoptosis were determined using JC-1 and TUNEL staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement.

Results

In the mouse model, hyperglycemia resulted in reduced retinal DJ-1 expression, retinal structural and functional damage, disrupted redox protein profiles, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Elevated glucose levels induced mitochondrial impairment, ROS generation, abnormal protein expression, and apoptosis in R28 cells. Augmenting DJ-1 expression demonstrated a restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and alleviated diabetes-induced morphological and functional impairments both in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the regulatory role of DJ-1 in mitochondrial dynamics, suggesting a potential avenue for enhancing RGC survival in diabetic retinopathy.
Analytical solution of steady reconnection outflows in a time-varying three-dimensional reconnection model with generalized spatiotemporal distributions
Authors: Chen Y. L. , Wang Y. , Wei F. S. , Feng X. S. , Zhou Z. L. , Wang B. Y. , Zuo P. B. , Jiang C. W. , Gu Y. X. , Wang L. D. , Song X. J. , Xu X. J.
Published: September 2024

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism for energy conversion in the realms of space physics, astrophysics, and plasma physics. Over the past few decades, obtaining analytical solutions for three-dimensional (3D) magnetic reconnection has remained a challenging endeavor. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the equations, analytical solutions can only be obtained when specific spatiotemporal distributions of magnetic fields or plasma flows are provided. Particularly, the evolution of reconnection flows in time-dependent 3D reconnection has not been analytically discussed. Additionally, quasi-steady magnetic reconnection persisting for several hours can be observed in the turbulent solar wind, which raises an important question: can steady reconnection flows theoretically exist in a time-dependent 3D magnetic reconnection model? In this study, a generalized analytical model for time-dependent kinematic 3D magnetic reconnection has been constructed. In the framework of pure analytical approach, it is firstly demonstrated that steady reconnection outflows can theoretically exist within a time-varying magnetic field. We have also analytically discussed the possibility of the existence of quasi-steady reconnection flows in 3D magnetic reconnection for turbulent magnetic fields in the solar wind. These findings broaden our understanding of the stability and necessary conditions for time-dependent 3D magnetic reconnection, offering new insights into quasi-steady reconnection phenomena in real cosmic environments.
Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of pattern dynamics for the fractional-in-space Schnakenberg model
Authors: Wang Ji-Lei , Han Yu-Xing , Chen Qing-Tong , Li Zhi-Yuan , Du Ming-Jing , Wang Yu-Lan
Published: September 2024

Effective exploration of the pattern dynamic behaviors of reaction–diffusion models is a popular but difficult topic. The Schnakenberg model is a famous reaction–diffusion system that has been widely used in many fields, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Herein, we explore the stability, Turing instability, and weakly non-linear analysis of the Schnakenberg model; further, the pattern dynamics of the fractional-in-space Schnakenberg model was simulated numerically based on the Fourier spectral method. The patterns under different parameters, initial conditions, and perturbations are shown, including the target, bar, and dot patterns. It was found that the pattern not only splits and spreads from the bar to spot pattern but also forms a bar pattern from the broken connections of the dot pattern. The effects of the fractional Laplacian operator on the pattern are also shown. In most cases, the diffusion rate of the fractional model was higher than that of the integer model. By comparing with different methods in literature, it was found that the simulated patterns were consistent with the results obtained with other numerical methods in literature, indicating that the Fourier spectral method can be used to effectively explore the dynamic behaviors of the fractional Schnakenberg model. Some novel pattern dynamics behaviors of the fractional-in-space Schnakenberg model are also demonstrated.
Immediate changes in stroke patients’ gait following the application of lower extremity elastic strap binding technique
Authors: Liu Yuduo , Wang Qi , Li Qiujie , Cui Xueji , Chen Huimeng , Wan Xianglin
Published: September 2024

Objective

To ascertain the immediate changes in stroke patients’ temporal and spatial parameters of gait and the joint angles of stroke patients throughout the entire gait cycle following the application of lower extremity elastic strap binding technique.

Methods

Twenty-nine stroke patients were invited as the study participants. The patient seated, flexed the hip and knee, utilized a 5 cm-wide elastic strap, positioning its midpoint beneath the affected foot and crossing it anterior to the ankle joint. Upon standing, the strap encircled the posterior aspect of the lower leg, proceeded around the back of the knee, and ascended the thigh on the affected side. Crossing anteriorly over the thigh, it then encircled the back of the waist before being secured in place. Using Qualisys motion capture system to collect kinematic data of the lower extremities during walking while wearing shoes only or strapping. A paired sample t-test was used to analyze the effects of the technique on gait spatiotemporal parameters and joint angles in stroke patients.

Results

The patients’ step length decreased (P = 0.024), and step width increased (P = 0.008) during the gait cycle after the strapping. In the gait cycle between 0% and 2%, 7%–77%, and 95%–100%, the hip flexion angle on the affected side was significantly larger after the strapping (P < 0.05). In the gait cycle between 0% to 69% and 94%–100%, the knee flexion angle on the affected side was significantly larger after the strapping (P < 0.05). In the gait cycle between 0% to 57% and 67%–100%, the ankle dorsiflexion angle on the affected side was significantly smaller after the strapping (P < 0.05), and in the gait cycle between 0% to 35% and 68%–100%, the ankle inversion angle on the affected side was significantly smaller after the strapping (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The lower extremity elastic strap binding technique can decrease the hip flexion and knee flexion limitations in stroke patients during walking, and reduce the ankle plantar flexion and ankle inversion angle of stroke patients. The lower extremity elastic strap binding technique enabled stroke patients to adopt a more stable gait pattern.
Assessing physical fitness adaptations in collegiate male soccer players through training load parameters: a two-arm randomized study on combined small-sided games and running-based high-intensity interval training
Authors: Quan YanXiu , Zhao YongXing , Musa Rabiu Muazu , Morgans Ryland , Silva Rui Miguel , Hung Chin-Hwai , Chen Yung-Sheng
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a 4-week intervention combining small-sided games (SSGs) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical fitness in collegiate male soccer players.

Methods

Twenty-one soccer players were randomly assigned to either the HIIT + SSGs group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 10). Physical fitness was assessed at baseline and 1-week post-intervention, including countermovement jump (CMJ), change of direction (COD) test, sprint test, repeated sprint ability (RSA) test, and 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT). The intervention comprised eight sessions over 4 weeks: four SSGs and four HIIT.

Results

The intervention group showed small to moderate improvements: mean RSA improved by 4.5% (p = 0.07), CMJ increased by 3.2% (p = 0.12), and 30–15IFT scores enhanced by 6.8% (p = 0.09). Key predictors of group membership included heart rate load per minute (OR 1.602) and various GPS variables.

Conclusion

The 4-week intervention combining SSGs with HIIT did not produce statistically significant improvements in most physical fitness variables compared to the control group. Although there were positive trends in variables such as RSA and 30-15IFT, these changes were modest and not statistically significant. The results suggest that while the combined SSGs and HIIT approach shows potential, its impact on physical fitness over a 4-week period is limited, with some variables, like CMJ, even showing decreases.