bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for improving sustainable technology for the production of leather and fur products
Authors: Temirova Gulnoz , Tashpulatov Salikh , Tyurin Igor , Kudratov Shakhzod , Subkhonova Intizora
Published: June 2024

In the article the attention is paid into the methods for developing the technology and methods of manufacturing products from natural fabrics like leather and fur. In the process of making clothes from natural leather and fur raw materials, an important issue is the waste-free use of the raw area. In the production of the product, various types of leather and fur patches are used, and the finished product is obtained. Before becoming a finished product, raw materials go through several processes, resulting in pieces of leather and fur of various shapes and sizes. In the process of making clothes from leather and fur, the problems of using raw materials on the basis of waste-free (resource-saving) technology are of great importance. Resource-saving technologies - include several options for environmentally positive economic activity, from direct resource saving to industrial and household waste and recycled products, product reuse. The basis of resource conservation is the rational use of energy and resources, the secondary use of non-renewable natural resources and the prevention of exceeding the limits of ecological sustainability. In addition, in order to limit resource loss and prevent pollution, it is necessary to consider the environmental impact of industrial and household waste. This, in turn, determines the practical importance of the article.
On the applicability of the modified Todes formula for predicting the height of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed
Authors: Biryukov Valery , Opalev Alexander , Nikitin Roman , Kalyuzhnaya Raisa
Published: June 2024

Magnetically stabilized fluidized beds are widely used in various technologies. The study given considers the use of this physical process in the iron ore beneficiation to obtain high-quality magnetite concentrates. For this purpose, a number of devices having different capacities have been developed. A modified Todes formula is proposed to be used to control the process of separating the components of ferromagnetic suspensions in devices of different capacities operating at present, using a mathematical model predicting the porosity and height of the fluidized bed.
Methods for increasing the efficiency of climate control systems for electric buses
Authors: Ermakov Andrey , Salakhov Rishat , Hafizov Ildar , Zakirov Arslan
Published: June 2024

Increasing the range of an electric bus on a single battery charge is an important task facing electric bus developers. The auxiliary system that consumes the largest amount of electricity is the air conditioning system. This paper examines the main methods for increasing the efficiency of a climate control system and evaluates them using numerical methods using a verified one-dimensional mathematical model. The following methods were chosen to improve efficiency: the most suitable refrigerants, the use of an internal heat exchanger of a vapor compression unit, the recovery of heat from the air removed from the interior electric bus in the evaporator of a vapor compression unit, and the use of heat from electrical equipment in the climate control system. The greatest efficiency in cooling and heating modes is shown by the use of refrigerants R404a, R410a and R507a in the vapor compression unit. The use of an internal heat exchanger in a vapor compression unit allows an increase in coefficient of performance by 11%. The combined use of cabin heat in the evaporator of the vapor compression unit and the internal heat exchanger allows the coefficient of performance to be increased by 27%. Using the heat of electrical equipment allows you to increase the coefficient of performance in heat pump mode by 20%. The most promising is the combined use of the above methods to reduce the cost of air conditioning in the cold season.
Influence of the cross-sectional geometry of the heat exchanger element on heat flow and pressure drop
Authors: Soloveva Olga , Solovev Sergei , Shakurova Rozalina , Perukhin Marat
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the influence of the geometry of the heat exchanger element on heat flow, pressure drop, outlet temperature and energy efficiency. By numerical modeling in a two-dimensional formulation, we solved the problem of convective heat transfer when air flows transversely around one and three rows of heated elements of different cross-sections. The following cross-sectional shapes of heated elements are: circle, trefoil, trefoil (mirrored), quatrefoil, cinquefoil and cinquefoil (mirrored). Calculations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent v. 19.2 at the following air flow velocities: 0.01; 0.05; 0.25 and 1.25 m/s. The research results showed that when flowing around one row of elements, the highest energy efficiency is provided by elements with a trefoil shape in cross-section. When flowing around three rows of elements at lower air flow velocities (0.01, 0.05, and 0.25 m/s), trefoil-shaped elements also have the best energy efficiency values, and only at an air flow velocity of 1.25 m/s elements with a trefoil cross-section inferior by 3.67% to elements with a cinquefoil (mirrored) cross-section.
Using the Arima model to forecast the share of railways in the industry
Authors: Toshaliyeva Saodat
Published: June 2024

The relevance of the studied topic is related to the statistical study of the contribution of using the Arima model to forecast the share of railways in the industry to the socio-economic development of the country, the analysis of the dynamics of their economic growth, and the need to develop and evaluate the most appropriate economic-mathematical models for managing the type of activity. Taking into account that various econometric models can be used in the analysis of problems related to small business activity, we found it necessary to use some of these models. The purpose of the study is to model the share of small business in the industry and develop forecast parameters. Using the Arima model to forecast the share of railways in the industry and private entrepreneurship activities were chosen as the object of research. The scientific works of the republican and foreign economists, as well as the data of the republican and regional statistical offices serve as a source of information. The expected result of the research is to reveal the modern laws of the studied economic processes, to justify their situation using the ARIMA model. As a result of the conducted research, the forecast parameters related to the share of small business in the industry until 2028 were determined.
A fuzzy approach for selection of best available techniques
Authors: Ptuskin Alexander
Published: June 2024

Sustainable development is the most important challenge in recent years, and it is extremely important to save the environment, safety and well-being of lives now and future generations. In this regard, the role of environmental regulation methods aiming at the use of innovation-based green technologies is increasing. The modern regulation principles incentivize the implementation of best available techniques. Evaluating best available techniques is a difficult problem and requires taking into account numerous criteria. The application of optimization models offers an objectively based basis for reasonable decisions making. Hence, the design of new effective methods for determination of the best available techniques is an actual research direction. The problem of BAT estimation includes a variety of parameters whose values cannot be defined exactly, which defines their representation in terms of the theory of fuzzy sets. The present paper is devoted to the use of the fuzzy-based methods for the best available techniques selection process. The proposed methods are an extension of the information-mathematical toolbox for the solution of the selection problem of the best available techniques.
Approaches to determining the attack surface for fuzzing the Linux kernel
Authors: Teplyuk Pavel , Yakunin Aleksey
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study was to analyze possible methods for determining the attack surface in relation to solving the problem of fuzzing testing the kernel of operating systems of the Linux family and to select the most suitable one. To evaluate and compare various models and practical approaches to attack surface analysis, as well as assess the possibility of combining them, theoretical research methods such as analysis, comparison, and deduction were used. An assessment and comparison of existing models and approaches to analyzing the attack surface of the Linux operating system kernel was carried out. A solution is proposed for the practical determination of the attack surface for effective testing of the kernel using the fuzzing method, which combines the studied approaches. The results of the study can be used to practically construct an attack surface, which will allow us to more accurately determine the goals of fuzz testing of the Linux kernel.
Matching visually observed 3D model to original reference object
Authors: Micheev Mikhail , Roganov Vladimir , Dolgovesov Boris , Helal Sonya
Published: June 2024

In the development of a visual environment simulator or a thermal imager simulator, one of the challenges encountered when assessing the external appearance of engineering structures is the need to ensure the correspondence of the developed 3D model of a reference object to the original 3D object. Since creating a complete model is currently impractical, the criterion for assessment is based on the conformity of forming specified components of the cognitive model of a human observer necessary in their professional activities. Research has shown that to address this challenge, it is advisable to choose one of the artificial intelligence methods to entrust it with the task of evaluating the developed 3D model and minimize the subjectivity in the decision-making process of “whether the external appearance of the 3D model meets the client's requirements.” The article proposes using deductive reasoning in ChatGPT to assess the conformity of the external appearance of a 3D model to a specified 3D object by representing the model as incomplete sequences and evaluating its ability to complete them in accordance with conclusions made by humans.The suggested approach involves solving the problem based on scenarios where humans formulate logical conclusions from provided information, followed by the application of ChatGPT in processing the presented sequences of conclusions. A comparative analysis is presented to determine the extent to which ChatGPT demonstrates deductive reasoning and how closely it aligns with human deductive models. This allows for the creation of a model with deductive reasoning and contributes to discussions on the competencies of artificial intelligence.
Principles of autonomous testing of high-performance .NET application
Authors: Zaripova Rimma , Kuznetsov Maxim , Kosulin Valery , Perukhin Marat , Nuriev Marat
Published: June 2024

In the landscape of software development for high-performance .NET applications, autonomous testing emerges as a critical strategy to ensure reliability, scalability, and performance. This article delves into the practice of autonomous, or unattended, testing—where automated test cases are executed independently without human intervention. Our exploration is grounded in the application of autonomous testing in environments handling large data volumes and supporting high concurrency, which are typical scenarios for mission-critical .NET applications. We discuss the benefits of autonomous testing, including its ability to significantly increase test coverage, enhance defect detection at early stages, and ensure consistent and reliable testing outcomes across various scenarios. The implementation of robust testing frameworks such as NUnit, xUnit, or MSTest, which support features like parallel test execution and test parameterization, plays a foundational role in the effective deployment of autonomous testing systems. Moreover, the article highlights the necessity of integrating autonomous testing into continuous integration and deployment pipelines to facilitate continuous testing. This integration ensures that every code change is thoroughly validated before deployment, thereby enhancing software quality and accelerating delivery cycles. We also examine the challenges and best practices in fostering a culture that supports autonomous testing within organizations. By emphasizing the strategic importance of training, cross-functional collaboration, and continuous improvement, we propose methods to overcome resistance to change and enhance the adoption of autonomous testing practices.
Analyses and algorithms of personnel safety in mines using event tree and Bayesian network method
Authors: Kalandarov Ilyos , Namozov Nodirbek , Bozorov Bakhriddin
Published: June 2024

Determination of the hazard index in ensuring the safety of personnel in underground mines requires a comprehensive approach. Different methods can be applied depending on the specifics and conditions of work. This article discusses event tree and Bayesian network methods as tools for systematic analysis and assessment of personnel safety risks. The event tree method allows the sequence of events that lead to certain outcomes to be ordered and visualised. Analysing this event tree can help identify critical points and determine likely ways to prevent accidents. The Bayesian grid method is a graphical model of the probabilistic relationships between different variables. When analysing personnel safety, the Bayesian grid method can take into account the probability of events, the factors affecting safety and their interrelationships.
Innovative digital services for working with big data
Authors: Sukhinin Sergey , Nikulina Olga , Petrov Konstantin
Published: June 2024

Digital services contain big data, including about the population of countries around the world, its dynamics, demographic processes and population parameters. They are aimed at collecting, processing and storing this data, providing it to consumers for research, analytical, management, and educational activities. The value of digital services is that they capture a large amount of data, integrate them with each other and visualize them. The purpose of this article is to consider a new digital service containing big data about the population of the world's countries and their age and gender structure, visualizing demographic data in population pyramids reflecting the ratio of sexes by age groups. The advantages of this service are associated with a simple, easy-to-learn interface, modularity and interactivity in the use of big data presented in it. The new digital service provides both broad analytical and research opportunities for scientists who use its big data, as well as for schoolchildren and students who use its materials in the educational process.
Analysis of space weather and small satellite data in polar orbit using machine learning
Authors: Listov Dmitriy , Aleshko Roman
Published: June 2024

This publication explores the dependencies between factors of space weather (geomagnetic indices Dst, Kp, and Ap, Wolf solar activity index, and solar wind parameters) and the telemetry of the small satellite Cubebel-1. The importance of maintaining the functionality of such satellites in orbit is described based on the research results of specialists in this field. A correlation analysis is presented, conducted using Python language tools. The results are presented in the form of a correlation matrix. A comparison is made between the results of this study and similar results of correlation analysis conducted with data from the satellite Siriussat-1. Suggestions for further research using the telemetry of the Cubebel-1 satellite are provided.
Digitalisation: prerequisites and challenges in modern conditions
Authors: Bisultanova Aza
Published: June 2024

Digital transformation is becoming an integral part of modern business, opening up new opportunities, but also involving risks. This article presents a study of the risks of digital transformation, focusing on identifying key aspects and recommendations for effective management. The authors analysed cybersecurity, data management, changes in corporate culture, staff training and partnership development in the context of digital transformation. The findings revealed the need for an integrated approach to risk management that includes strategic planning, responding to changes in the environment, and ongoing staff training. The recommendations presented offer organisations the tools and approaches to successfully overcome the challenges of digital transformation and ensure sustainable growth in the digital age. The generalised approach to risk management presented in the article facilitates effective adaptation and innovative development in today's digital environment. In addition to analysing risks, the article also discusses the importance of strategic planning and developing flexible strategies to respond to changes in the digital environment. Particular attention is paid to managing change within an organisation and developing an innovation culture that facilitates successful adaptation to new technologies. The authors emphasise the importance of continuous training and development of employees so that they can effectively use digital tools and actively participate in the transformation process. In addition, the article discusses the implementation of effective risk monitoring and assessment systems that allow for the timely identification and management of potential threats.
Environmental safety monitoring management of territories using modern technologies
Authors: Masaleva M.V. , Minkin A.N.
Published: June 2024

Modern scientific and technological development is connected with the development and integration of modern monitoring technologies and computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM) into management processes. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is an approach to management in various areas of production and activity, where computers and automated systems play a central role in all aspects of safety monitoring, including environmental safety of territories. Considered modern technologies and CIM provide an opportunity to integrate the management of all stages of environmental monitoring into one process, ensuring their rational functioning in one system. Importance and prospects of integration of modern monitoring technologies into automated systems of environmental safety management through the use of computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM) contribute to creation of sustainability of development of territories in accordance with modern requirements of environmental safety. Transition to management of monitoring of environmental safety of territories with the help of modern observation means and computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM) reduces the terms of realization of monitoring stages, automation of control that provides positive economic effect. A promising direction in the field of informatization of processes of observation of environmental safety and monitoring of its changes is the creation of new opportunities of modern observation technologies and computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIM) allowing to increase the functionality and their automation, including with the change and expansion of tools, observation, their spatial configuration in the real mode of modeling changes in the environmental situation.
Issues of solid household waste disposal in the context of state environmental policy in Sevastopol
Authors: Kosinova Irina , Golovko Olga , Smirnova Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The peculiarities of the current situation with the environmental crisis require careful study of the waste recycling of previously accumulated and newly generated solid municipal waste. The use of technological developments and solutions for environmental conservation meets the most stringent ecological standards. These demands are due to the special natural and climatic status of Sevastopol. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the use of effective and simple method of sorting solid waste –hydraulic separation of solid household waste as one of the types of industrial waste separation. The article presents its advantages and possible application in Sevastopol. This advanced technology is stated to be effective in waste recycling as it provides separating unsorted waste and utilizing almost 80 percent of the volume. A feature of this method is the use of equipment manufactured for the paper industry for sorting and processing solid waste. In conclusion it is noted that the particularbenefit of the hydraulic separation is in its relative simplicity, as well as economic and environmental profits.
Ecologization and problems of modern civilization
Authors: Andreev O.S.
Published: June 2024

The development of the productive forces of individual regions of Russia at the present stage determines the relevance of problems associated not only with obtaining the maximum return from the employed economic potential in its full extent, but also with the prospects for the integrated and rational use of mineral, raw materials and fuel and energy resources, and the use of new management methods, improving the mechanism of organization and production management. At the same time, the pace of development of the latter is still low, and the comprehensiveness of the use of mineral raw materials is still insufficient. In such a situation, it is necessary to justify the most effective ways of developing sectors of the mineral raw materials complex, the products of which are used both in the corresponding processing industries and for the expansion and modernization of the economy. It should be noted that greening the economy through the transition from technogenic to sustainable development will provide the opportunity for significant savings and release of a large volume of raw materials, and will also reduce environmental pollution and the amount of waste while increasing the final results. For example, combining several processes in the production of gasoline in one distillation column can help save raw materials and improve the environmental friendliness of oil refining due to reduced waste. Despite the identified reserves of various types of minerals, ultimately, they are limited, as a result of which the most rational way to ensure the progressive sustainable development of society is resource conservation.
Sustainable and resilient strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on digital platform interactions
Authors: Ilkevich Sergey
Published: June 2024

The focus of the article is the problem of forming sustainable and resilient (including in the face of external restrictions) strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies based on mechanisms of platform interactions, taking into account the fact that in the current conditions of the platform economy, value creation is the result of a new combination of information, physical products and real services provided by various types of complementors. Based on a theoretical review and interviews with a focus group of 23 representatives of Russian manufacturing companies responsible for business development, strategy, IT systems, participation in platforms and digital transformation, the study suggests a typology of internationalization strategies. This typology of strategies for entering international markets for Russian manufacturing companies is proposed based on platform models of interactions to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience. For each of the seven types of strategies, a brief description of the focus and scope of applicability is provided. The author emphasizes the significance of helping manufacturers to understand digital platforms in more details, especially in how they can lead to better flexibility of international production and supply operations.
Environmental education in the formation of transprofessional competencies among future ecologists
Authors: Pogrebnaya Irina , Mikhailova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the scientific article consider the importance of developing creative thinking among bachelors of technical ecologists. In today's world, where complex environmental problems require new and innovative solutions, environmentalists need to have the ability to think creatively. The article discusses practical methods and strategies that can be used by teachers to develop creative thinking in the educational process. In conclusion, the article points to the need to integrate creative thinking into undergraduate environmental education programs in order to ensure their successful participation in the development and implementation of solutions aimed at preserving the environment. Scientific hypothesis: creative thinking used in active and practical teaching of bachelor students in ecology contributes to the development of their creativity, problem-oriented thinking and environmental problem solving abilities, which improves the quality and efficiency of their professional activities.
From ESG to EICSG (Environment, Intelligent, Cyber, Social, Governance) strategic management in Industry 5.0
Authors: Babkin Aleksandr , Shkarupeta Elena , Danilov Dmitry , Tashenova Larissa , Nosirov Ilhom
Published: June 2024

The article develops strategic recommendations for improving the management practices of integrating modern scientific achievements into the processes of sustainable development of industrial ecosystems, adapted to the requirements and challenges of Industry 5.0. The concept of industrial EICSG-ecosystem in the context of Industry 5.0 is developed, combining elements of environmental (E - environmental), intellectual (I - intelligent), cyber-social (CS - cyber-social) and governance (G - governance) resilience. The conceptual components of effective development of industrial EICSG ecosystems, which form the organisational basis of Industry 5.0, are proposed. The prerequisites of strategic management of the industrial EICSG ecosystem of Industry 5.0 are defined.
The comparative assessment based on EBITDA indicators of the activities of the holding’s divisions
Authors: Strelnik Evgeniya , Khairullin Ildar , Kamalova Alina , Shafigullina Galiya , Beloglazova Elena
Published: June 2024

This article presents an example of using EBITDA and EBITDA MARGIN for a comparative analysis of the activities of the company's divisions. The article describes the basic model for calculating the indicators and discusses in detail the adjustments to these indicators. To conduct this study, a holding company consisting of seven main divisions that are engaged in various types of activities was selected. The aim of this study is to analyze adjustments to EBITDA and assess the effect of these adjustments. During the analysis process, the basic EBITDA and EBITDA MARGIN indicators were consistently calculated, then, based on the data on the turnover of financial accounts, adjustments were identified and analyzed, and the effects of the adjustments were revealed. The results obtained demonstrate the need for an individual approach to the financial analysis of projects using EBITDA and EBITDA MARGIN indicators, that would lead a company to making informed management decisions.
Market adaptation mechanism development of business models in digital economy conditions
Authors: Medvedeva Yulia , Kolgan Maria , Simonyan Tatyana , Tsvetcova Svetlana
Published: June 2024

The article considers approaches to the concept of business model of business activity, considers its modern content in the context of taking into account the peculiarities and using the advantages of the digital economy. An analytical review of business models currently used by domestic and foreign companies with the allocation of e-commerce and innovation models is made. It is proven that the improvement of existing business models or the creation of new ones should be carried out through the re-engineering of their business processes. The classification of business processes according to various classification features which can be used in the process of reengineering, is given. Reengineering as a method of radical redesign of the company's business model, taking into account the main trends in the development of modern economy and the signals of key stakeholders is characterized in detail. Based on the results of the research, a conceptual model of hybrid reengineering for market adaptation of business models of Russian enterprises to the conditions of market economy is developed. Promising directions of its improvement were identified for all the main structural elements forming its integrity and synergetic character.
Development of a numerical cutting model for understanding the chip formation in cryogenic machining
Authors: Khochtali Haithem , Ben Belgacem Ikram , Zemzemi Farhat , Ben Salem Wacef
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to develop a finite element model of metal cutting that includes fluid structure interaction. The proposed model is used to improve the physical comprehension of the chip formation during cryogenic assisted machining. This is performed based on the coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation. An algorithm is also developed to ensure heat exchange between the fluid and the structure. It also allows decoupling the mechanical and thermal effects induced by liquid nitrogen. The titanium alloy Ti17 is used as a work material, and uncoated tungsten carbide is used as a tool under dry and cryogenic conditions with cutting speeds of 50 m/min and 70 m/min and feeds of 0.1 mm/rev and 0.2 mm/rev. Simulation is validated by comparison with the experimental results. Standard deviations of both forces and chip thickness are low; they stay under 15% and 35% of the average value, respectively. The chip formation, the cutting force and the temperature are studied. It is shown that cryogenic machining has a significant effect on the chip formation and the temperature distribution in the cutting zone. A remarkable temperature reduction by up to 500 °C is observed at the tool rake face. However, the tool tip temperature slightly decreases with the application of liquid nitrogen when compared to dry machining.
On the computational complexity of the strong geodetic recognition problem
Authors: Lima Carlos V.G.C. , dos Santos Vinicius F. , Sousa Joãao H.G. , Urrutia Sebastián A.
Published: June 2024

A strong geodetic set of a graph G = (V, E) is a vertex set S ⊆ V (G) in which it is possible to cover all the remaining vertices of V (G) ∖ S by assigning a unique shortest path between each vertex pair of S. In the Strong Geodetic problem (SG) a graph G and a positive integer k are given as input and one has to decide whether G has a strong geodetic set of cardinality at most k. This problem is known to be NP-hard for general graphs. In this work we introduce the Strong Geodetic Recognition problem (SGR), which consists in determining whether a given vertex set S ⊆ V (G) is strong geodetic. We demonstrate that this version is NP-complete. We investigate and compare the computational complexity of both decision problems restricted to some graph classes, deriving polynomial-time algorithms, NP-completeness proofs, and initial parameterized complexity results, including an answer to an open question in the literature for the complexity of SG for chordal graphs.
Role of Membranous Septum in the Alar–Columellar Relationship: Strategies in Closed-Approach Rhinoplasty
Authors: Erdal Ayhan Işık , İsmail Bilge Kaan , Şibar Serhat
Published: June 2024

A normal alar–columellar relationship is crucial for lower third finesse in rhinoplasty. Hanging columella is a common complaint in the alar–columellar relationship and membranous septum excision is frequently recommended for its correction. This paper focuses on the role of the membranous septum in achieving a normal alar–columellar relationship. It was aimed to present an algorithm that could be used for aberrancies in the alar–columellar relationship.

Ninety-seven patients who underwent closed-approach rhinoplasty between January and December 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Routine tip plasty maneuvers were performed on all patients. Membrane septum excision was not performed in any of the cases. Standardized preoperative and postoperative 12-month lateral view photographs were scanned for hanging or retracted columella.

Hanging columella was observed in seven patients preoperatively (n = 97). No hanging or retracted columella was observed postoperatively.

Hanging columella can be successfully corrected with alternative surgical maneuvers without excision of the membranous septum in closed-approach rhinoplasty in appropriate cases. Complete preservation of the membranous septum does not cause hanging columella in the postoperative period.
Kinetics of Immune Cell Mobilization during Acute Aerobic Exercise in
Healthy Adults
Authors: Adammek Frederike , Wences Chirino Tiffany Y. , Walzik David , Trebing Sina , Belen Sergen , Renpening Daniel , Zimmer Philipp , Joisten Niklas
Published: June 2024

While pre-post differences in immune cell mobilization after acute aerobic
exercise are well investigated, less is known about when and to what extent
immune cells are mobilized during acute aerobic exercise. This experimental
trial aimed to investigate the detailed kinetics of circulating immune cells in
twelve healthy adults (n=6 females) who completed a 40-min aerobic exercise bout
at 60% of the participantsʼ V̇O2peak on a bicycle ergometer. Cellular
inflammation markers and sex-dependent differences in circulating immune cells
were analyzed. Blood samples were taken immediately before, after warm-up,
during exercise after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 40 min (cessation), and
60 min post exercise. Significant increases in leukocytes (p<0.001),
lymphocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p=0.003) and platelets (p=0.047) can be
observed after 5 min of exercise. The cellular inflammation markers show
significant alterations only post exercise. Significant sex differences were
observed for neutrophils (p=0.049) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.007)
one hour post exercise. These results indicate that i) leukocytes are already
mobilized after 5 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise, ii) the
magnitude of exercise induced leukocyte mobilization is dependent on exercise
duration, iii) integrative cellular inflammation markers are only altered after
exercise cessation, and iv) the observed effects might be sex-dependent.
Design and analysis of personalized serious games for information literacy: catering to introverted and extraverted individuals through game elements
Authors: Thongthip Phimphakan , Intawong Kannikar , Chernbumroong Suepphong , Worragin Perasuk , Tongpaeng Yootthapong , Puritat Kitti
Published: June 2024

Personalized learning has become increasingly prevalent in computer-based education. Nevertheless, there remains a scarcity of studies addressing personalized serious games. This paper delves into a study on a personalized serious game that utilizes suitable game elements tailored to students’ personality traits, focusing on the dimensions of introversion and extraversion. To evaluate the impact of personalized serious games, a comparative experiment was conducted. The study involved both a Control group (Non-personalized game-based approach) and an Experimental group (Personalized game-based approach). Participants were assessed using pre-post tests measuring knowledge acquisition and retention in information literacy for source evaluation, as well as intrinsic motivation measured through the IMI questionnaire. The findings indicate that while personalized serious games can enhance intrinsic motivation, particularly in terms of perceived competence and effort, they did not significantly impact knowledge acquisition and retention. User behavior data statistics revealed a substantial 37% improvement in engagement, measured by both average and total playtime, especially noticeable among introverted participants. However, this personalized approach was found to be less effective for extraverted participants.
Relaxation of the 2a1 ionized water dimer: An interplay of intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) and proton transfer processes
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Ghosh Aryya , Vaval Nayana
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the relaxation dynamics of the ionized 2a1 state of a water molecule within a water dimer. The study was motivated by findings from two previous pieces of research that focused on the relaxation behaviors of the inner-valence ionized water dimer. The present study discloses an observation indicating that water dimers display specific fragmentation patterns following inner-valence ionization, depending on the position of the vacancy. Vacancies were created in the 2a1 state of the proton-donating water molecule (PDWM) and proton-accepting water molecule (PAWM). Utilizing Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations, the propagation of the 2a1 ionized state was carried out for both scenarios. The results revealed proton transfer occurred when the vacancy resided in the PDWM, accompanied by the closing of decay channels for O–H bond distance (RO–H) > 1.187 Å (matching Richter et al.’s findings). Conversely, when vacancy was on PAWM, we observed no closing of decay channels (aligning with Jahnke et al.’s findings). This difference translates to distinct fragmentation pathways. In PDWM cases, 2a1 state ionization leads to H3O+ −OH• formation. In contrast, PAWM vacancies result in decay pathways leading to H2O+–H2O+ products.
Super-hydrophilic substrate for blade-coated Dion-Jacobson perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 19%
Authors: Deng Wen , Zhang Lin , Chu Wenlong , Gao Xiaohui , Zhou Yu , Ouyang Fangping , Yang Bin , Lai Jinhong , Yang Junliang , Ding Liming , Yuan Yongbo , Lin Yun
Published: June 2024

Employing super-hydrophilic substrates is a feasible approach to suppress pinholes and buried voids in perovskite films statistically over large areas. However, substrates terminating with organic functional groups are usually not super-hydrophilic. Herein, constructing surface nanostructures with NiOx nanoparticles is proposed as a universal strategy to transform ordinary hydrophilic organic hole transport layers (HTLs) into super-hydrophilic HTLs. In addition, coating organic layers on NiOx can passivate the surface defects of NiOx nanoparticles. Based on this strategy, pinhole- and void-free Dion–Jacobson-type quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) perovskite (BDA)MA4Pb5I16 films have been blade-coated on NiOx/MeO-2PACz substrates. Perovskite solar cells with inverted structure show a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 19.52% and a low non-radiative open-circuit voltage loss of 0.12 V, proving the vital role of substrate wettability on device efficiencies.
General framework for quantifying dissipation pathways in open quantum systems. II. Numerical validation and the role of non-Markovianity
Authors: Kim Chang Woo , Franco Ignacio
Published: June 2024

In the previous paper [C. W. Kim and I. Franco, J. Chem. Phys. 160, 214111-1–214111-13 (2024)], we developed a theory called MQME-D, which allows us to decompose the overall energy dissipation process in open quantum system dynamics into contributions by individual components of the bath when the subsystem dynamics is governed by a Markovian quantum master equation (MQME). Here, we contrast the predictions of MQME-D against the numerically exact results obtained by combining hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) with a recently reported protocol for monitoring the statistics of the bath. Overall, MQME-D accurately captures the contributions of specific bath components to the overall dissipation while greatly reducing the computational cost compared to exact computations using HEOM. The computations show that MQME-D exhibits errors originating from its inherent Markov approximation. We demonstrate that its accuracy can be significantly increased by incorporating non-Markovianity by exploiting time scale separations (TSS) in different components of the bath. Our work demonstrates that MQME-D combined with TSS can be reliably used to understand how energy is dissipated in realistic open quantum system dynamics.
Uniturbulence statistics and analysis of factors influencing the energy spectrum
Authors: Ismayilli Rajab , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Magyar Norbert , Changmai Madhurjya , Verdini Andrea
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the dynamics of unidirectionally propagating surface Alfvén waves, employing magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations and statistical methodologies. The primary goal of this work is to enhance our understanding of the nonlinear self-cascade of surface Alfvén waves, which we term as uniturbulence, by unraveling the complex relationships between various length scales and their interplay with turbulent energy transfer mechanisms. To achieve this, we extensively analyze the phenomenon of uniturbulence using methods such as power spectrum analysis, radially averaged Fourier transform, and kurtosis. We employ these techniques to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of kinetic and magnetic energy in uniturbulent flows. We also reveal the crucial role of the density contrast's variations and the role of Yaglom's law in characterizing energy transfer mechanisms. Our findings reveal that the inertial range of the perpendicular kinetic energy and magnetic energy along the z-axis depicts a progressive change in slope values, ultimately approaching the often-observed values of −5/3 and −3/2, respectively. Furthermore, our kurtosis analysis highlights the non-Gaussian behavior of the flow field at different length scales and over time, offering a perspective on uniturbulence dynamics. The correlations observed among diverse statistical approaches emphasize the complex interplay between different length scales in the context of uniturbulence. Our findings contribute to understanding this phenomenon, establishing a basis for future investigations to clarify the connections regulating these turbulent dynamics.
Conceptual design of a macromolecular diffractometer for the Jülich high brilliance source
Authors: Ma Z. , Lieutenant K. , Voigt J. , Schrader T. E. , Gutberlet T.
Published: June 2024

In this work, a concept for a neutron diffractometer for high-resolution macromolecular structures has been developed within the Jülich High Brilliance Neutron Source (HBS) project. The SELENE optics are adapted to the requirements of the instrument to achieve a tunable low background neutron beam at mm2 scale sample area. With the optimized guide geometry, a low background neutron beam can be achieved at the small sample area with tunable divergence and size. For the 1 × 1 mm2 sample, a flux of 1.10 × 107 n/s/cm2 for 0.38° divergence is calculated in the 2–4 Å wavelength range, which is about 84.6% of the flux at MaNDi of the high-power spallation source SNS at ORNL. Virtual neutron scattering experiments have been performed to demonstrate the instrument’s capabilities for studies of mm scale samples with large unit cells. Results of Vitesse simulations indicate that unit cell sizes of up to 200 Å are possible to be resolved with the proposed instrument.
Super-resolution reconstruction of turbulent flows with a hybrid framework of attention
Authors: Zeng Kai , Zhang Yan , Xu Hui , Feng Xinlong
Published: June 2024

In a plethora of research endeavors concerning flow fields, acquiring high-resolution data is paramount. However, obtaining high-resolution turbulence data invariably requires substantial computational resources. Although super-resolution reconstruction of turbulent fields has emerged as a salient technique for detail extraction, conventional interpolation methods pose a significant challenge in reconstructing small-scale structures, often resulting in overly smooth outcomes. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid framework of spatially-adaptive feature attention (HSAFA) for the high-quality reconstruction of turbulent fields. This framework is characterized by the implementation of multidimensional feature fusion, which enhances the model's ability to capture details of turbulence. We rigorously applied the proposed model to datasets comprising laminar flow around a square cylinder and turbulent channel flows, with the reconstructed instantaneous velocity fields and statistics subjected to exhaustive and comparative analysis. Our findings demonstrate that HSAFA is capable of effectively reconstructing high-resolution turbulence fields from significantly low-resolution data, covering the range from laminar to turbulent flows.
Unusual species of methane hydrate detected in nanoporous media using solid state 13C NMR
Authors: Alavi Saman , Moudrakovski Igor L. , Ratcliffe Christopher I. , Ripmeester John A.
Published: June 2024

Methane is considered to be a cubic structure I (CS-I) clathrate hydrate former, although in a number of instances, small amounts of structure II (CS-II) clathrate hydrate have been transiently observed as well. In this work, solid-state magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra of methane hydrate formed at low temperatures inside silica-based nanoporous materials with pores in the range of 3.8–20.0 nm (CPG-20, Vycor, and MCM-41) show methane in several different environments. In addition to methane encapsulated in the dodecahedral 512 (D) and tetrakaidecahedral 51262 (T) cages typical of the CS-I clathrate hydrate phase, methane guests in pentakaidecahedral 51263 (P) and hexakaidecahedral 51264 (H) cages are also identified, and these appear to be stabilized for extended periods of time. The ratio of methane guests among the D and T cages determined from the line intensities is significantly different from that of bulk CS-I samples and indicates that both CS-I and CS-II are present as the dominant species. This is the first observation of methane in P cages, and the possible structures in which they could be present are discussed. Broad and relatively strong methane peaks, which are also observed in the spectra, can be related to methane dissolved in an amorphous component of water adjacent to the pore walls. Nanoconfinement and interaction with the pore walls clearly have a strong influence on the hydrate formed and may reflect species present in the early stages of hydrate growth.
Flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of sweeping and steady impingement jets with/without chevrons on a semi-circular concave surface
Authors: Khan Mohammed S. , Hamdan Mohammad O. , Al-Omari Salah A. B. , Elnajjar Emad
Published: June 2024

Striving for improved gas turbine performance requires operating at higher gas flow temperatures, posing challenges in preserving the structural integrity of the gas turbine. To respond to these challenges, gas turbine manufacturers have turned to internal cooling and jet impingement to provide an effective solution for cooling the leading edge of the gas turbine blades. Fluidic oscillator is known for its sweeping behavior and expansive coverage of targeted surface and, thus, it can efficiently remove heat. In this study, the author numerically simulated the cooling performance of the leading edge of the gas turbine blades under constant heat flux while using four different configurations of jet impingement: a sweeping jet, a sweeping jet with chevrons, a steady jet, and a steady jet with chevrons. The results showed that the sweeping jet configuration with chevrons outperformed the steady jet configurations owing to oscillating jet impingement and a higher intensity of turbulence that increased the entrainment of jet flow. Under the configuration of a sweeping jet with chevrons, the targeted surface recorded an average Nusselt number that is 19.2% higher than the one with a steady jet without chevrons, along with a more uniform distribution of the surface temperature. The outstanding behavior of the sweeping jet with chevrons is due to the its internal flow behavior, i.e., oscillating flow nature of the sweeping jet with augmented turbulence at the exit of the chevron's nozzle.