bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tro, musikalske røtter og anerkjennelse i en krysskulturell kontekst
Authors: Strøm Irene Trønnes
Published: June 2019

Artikkelen dreier seg om betydningen av å anerkjenne egne og andres musikalske røtter. Utgangspunkt for tematikken er hvordan opplevelser av ubehag kan oppstå i situasjoner der religiøst musikalsk innhold er brakt spontant inn i undervisningen av musikklærerstudenter. Artikkelen bygger på erfaringer fra egen lærerutdanningspraksis og kvalitative data samlet inn i forbindelse med mitt doktorgradsprosjekt (Strøm, 2016). Intervjuer med ungdommer som vokser opp i en krysskulturell kontekst danner artikkelens kjerne. Disse dataene brukes for å belyse forholdet mellom religiøs tro og musikalsk identitet samt ressurser og utfordringer som noen av disse ungdommene kan kjenne på i utøvingen av sine musikalske aktørskap. Artikkelen anvender Stones’ (2005) strukturasjonsteori, kalt «strong structuration», som utgangspunkt for å si noe om forholdet mellom aktør og struktur. Jeg ønsker med denne artikkelen å argumentere for krysskulturbegrepets relevans i en musikkundervisningssammenheng samt bidra til økt forståelse for og anerkjennelse av elevers religiøse musikalske røtter og identitet i musikkfaget i grunnskolen.
Modeling of Returns Volatility using GARCH(1,1) Model under Tukey Transformations
Authors: Nugroho Didit Budi , Susanto Bambang , Prasetia Kezia Natalia Putri , Rorimpandey Rebecca
Published: June 2019

This study proposed two new classes of GARCH(1,1) model by applying the Tukeytransformations to the returns and to the lagged variance. The behavior of return volatility was investigated on the basis of models with normal and Student-t distributions for return error. The competing models were estimated by using the Excel Solver and Matlab tools. The empirical analysis is based on simulated data, daily exchange rates of the IDR/USD, and daily stock indices of FTSE100 and TOPIX. This study recommends the use of Excel Solver for finance academics and practitioners working on volatility using GARCH(1,1) models. Our empirical findings conclude that GARCH(1,1) models under Tukey transformations should be considered in risk management decisions since the models are more appropriate than standard for describing returns and volatility of financial time series and its stylized facts including fat tails and mean reverting. The Tukey transformed returns imply a shorter volatility half-life, and thus this study suggests that investors should invest the observed assets in a shorter time period to obtain higher returns.
The Dualism of Tax Consultants’ Roles in the Taxation System
Authors: Mangoting Yenni , Widuri Retnaningtyas , Eoh Tonny Stephanus
Published: June 2019

The dualism of tax consultant's role as the agent of taxpayers and governments becomes a phenomenon in this research. Therefore, this research aims to understand the meaning of the dualism role of tax consultants in the taxation system. This study uses a qualitative approach to interpretive methods. The interpretive method assumes that reality does not stand alone but is constructed by the research subject. The method of data collection is done by interviewing two taxpayers and three tax consultants. The data analysis focused on the sentences and phrases that directly allude the researched phenomenon. The result of the research tells that there is an effort to balance the dualism of the role so that tax consultants can still protect the taxpayer’s interests, while ensuring that their services do not harm the nation. The balance of the dualism of the role is reflected into four meanings, namely: taxpayer advisors, mediators of taxpayer and government conflicts, aligning taxpayer and government relations and controlling taxpayer compliance
Long noncoding RNAs and miRNAs regulating terpene and tartaric acid biosynthesis in rose‐scented geranium
Authors: Narnoliya Lokesh Kumar , Kaushal Girija , Singh Sudhir P.
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to explore the noncoding RNAs, which have emerged as key regulatory molecules in biological processes, in rose‐scented geranium. We analyzed RNA‐seq data revealing 26 784 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 871 miRNAs in rose‐scented geranium. A total of 466 lncRNAs were annotated using different plant lncRNA public databases. Furthermore, 372 lncRNAs and 99 miRNAs were detected that target terpene and tartarate biosynthetic pathways. An interactome, comprising of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs, was constructed that represents a noncoding RNA regulatory network of the target mRNAs. Real‐time quantitative PCR expression validation was done for selected lncRNAs involved in the regulation of terpene and tartaric acid pathways. This study provides the first insights into the regulatory functioning of noncoding RNAs in rose‐scented geranium.
Energetic drain driving hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sequeira Vasco , Bertero Edoardo , Maack Christoph
Published: June 2019

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of hereditary cardiomyopathy and is mainly caused by mutations of genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins. HCM is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle, frequently involving the septum, that is not explained solely by loading conditions. HCM has a heterogeneous clinical profile, but diastolic dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias represent two dominant features of the disease. Preclinical evidence indicates that the enhanced Calcium (Ca2+) sensitivity of the myofilaments plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HCM. Notably, this is not always a direct consequence of sarcomeric mutations, but can also result from secondary mutation‐driven alterations. Here, we review experimental and clinical evidence indicating that increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity lies upstream of numerous cellular derangements which potentially contribute to the progression of HCM toward heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
HSP90 and co‐chaperones: a multitaskers’ view on plant hormone biology
Authors: di Donato Martin , Geisler Markus
Published: June 2019

In order to survive under ever‐changing conditions plants must be able to adaptively respond to their environment. Plant hormones and the signaling cross‐talk among them play a key role in integrating external and internal cues, enabling the plants to acclimate accordingly. HSP90 and several of its co‐chaperones are known as pleiotropic factors involved in the signaling pathways of multiple stress responses, including temperature, drought, and pathogen infection. Recently, hormone receptor components for auxin and jasmonic acid, respectively, have been identified as clients of the HSP90 chaperone system, suggesting a direct HSP90‐dependent link to hormone signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the multiple roles of HSP90 and its co‐chaperones in plant hormone biology and discuss the largely unexplored targets for signal integration that the activity of these apparent multitaskers may suggest.
Adult Education in China: Exploring the Lifelong Learning Experience of Older Adults in Beijing
Authors: Guo Shibao , Shan Wei
Published: June 2019

This research examines the role of adult and lifelong learning in facilitating successful aging among Chinese older adults. A life history research is adopted to conduct the study. By analyzing narratives of research participants’ learning stories, the study explores the provision of lifelong learning programs, Chinese perspectives on successful aging, and contributions of lifelong learning to successful aging and active citizenship among Chinese retired older adults. The findings show that the Chinese perspective on successful aging is closely connected to Chinese culture and traditions. Learning contributes to successful aging by bringing out older adults who are healthier and more independent, open‐minded, and socially active. The rich descriptions of historical and political events, Chinese traditions, moralities, and social values contribute to the understanding of Chinese older adults’ pursuit of lifelong learning and perspectives on successful aging. The detailed discussion of the motives and activities of older adults volunteering advances our extant knowledge about Chinese older adults’ volunteerism.

China faces an aging population and adult and lifelong learning contributes to successful aging by bringing out older adults who are healthier and more socially active.
Synthesis of Spirofluorenyl‐β‐Lactams through Cycloaddition and Ring Contraction from N‐Aryl Fluorenone Nitrones and Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Wei Cui , Zhu Jie‐Feng , Zhang Jin‐Qi , Deng Qi , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: June 2019

A variety of spirofluorenyl‐β‐lactams have been prepared in moderate yields over three steps from N‐aryl fluorenone nitrones and methylenecyclopropanes through a [3+2] cycloaddition, reduction and subsequent acid‐catalyzed ring contraction cascade strategy under mild reaction conditions. Experimental studies showed that the stereochemistry remained intact after the ring contraction step. Furthermore, the obtained spirofluorenyl‐β‐lactam was easily converted to two novel spiroazetidine and spiroquinolinone scaffolds in good yields.

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Domino C−S/C−N Bond Formation Using Well‐Defined Copper‐Phosphine Complex Catalyst: Divergent Approach to 3‐Sulfenylated Indoles
Authors: Tamargo Ramuel John Inductivo , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok
Published: June 2019

A protocol was developed for the synthesis of 3‐thioindoles in good‐to‐excellent yields involving sulfenylation between 2‐nitrocinnamaldehydes and various thiols using a well‐defined copper(I)‐phosphine complex catalyst. This unconventional divergent approach involves in situ generation of indoles via domino C−S/C−N bond formation initiated by sulfa‐Michael addition followed by intramolecular N‐heteroannulation. This protocol shows good chemoselectivity and broad substrate scope. To briefly demonstrate the value of this approach, 2‐benzoyl‐3‐sulfenylated indoles were prepared from commercially available 2‐nitrochalcones and thiols.

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Nature of Bimetallic Oxide Sb2MoO6/rGO Anode for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jue , Wang Bin , Liu Zhaomeng , Fan Ling , Zhang Qingfeng , Ding Hongbo , Wang Longlu , Yang Hongguan , Yu Xinzhi , Lu Bingan
Published: June 2019

Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are one of the most appealing alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries, particularly attractive in large‐scale energy storage devices considering the more sufficient and lower cost supply of potassium resources in comparison with lithium. To achieve more competitive KIBs, it is necessary to search for anode materials with a high performance. Herein, the bimetallic oxide Sb2MoO6, with the presence of reduced graphene oxide, is reported as a high‐performance anode material for KIBs in this study, achieving discharge capacities as high as 402 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 381 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1, and reserving a capacity of 247 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. Meanwhile, the potassiation/depotassiation mechanism of this material is probed in‐depth through the electrochemical characterization, operando X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and density functional theory calculation, successfully unraveling the nature of the high‐performance anode and the functions of Sb and Mo in Sb2MoO6. More importantly, the phase development and bond breaking sequence of Sb2MoO6 are successfully identified, which is meaningful for the fundamental study of metal‐oxide based electrode materials for KIBs.
Medical data mining: The search for knowledge in workers' compensation claims
Authors: Wrona Ronald M.
Published: June 2019

Workers’ compensation claims data are an underutilized source of research data. Data mining is a step in the process of knowledge discovery. This report is an inquiry into the question of whether data mining can be used to expand the research potential of workplace injury claims. A descriptive data‐mining method is used to avoid the hazards of predictive data mining. A key decision in descriptive data mining is the selection of the descriptive variables to be included. A major purpose of claims processing is documentation of benefit decisions. This documentation is used in selecting the case records embedded in a claim history. This novel process is called beneficiation not only because of the obvious reference to benefit but also because it is a mining term that describes a process that further refines metallic ores.

Claim beneficiation identified four data forms that contain descriptive information about workplace injury claim data. They are the first report of injury, the activity prescription form, a functional capacity evaluation, and a physical capability estimate. When the data variables from these forms are combined they become a workplace injury case registry history which is a new frontier for research in injury epidemiology.
REI5O14 (RE=Y and Gd): Promising SHG Materials Featuring the Semicircle‐Shaped I5O143− Polyiodate Anion
Authors: Chen Jin , Hu Chun‐Li , Mao Fei‐Fei , Yang Bing‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Han , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: June 2019

The first examples of rare‐earth polyiodates, namely, REI5O14 (RE=Y and Gd), have been prepared by hydrothermal reactions of RE2O3 and H5IO6 in H3PO4 (≥85 wt % in H2O), with extremely high yields (>95 %). They crystalize in the polar space group Cm and feature a brand‐new semicircle‐shaped [I5O14]3− pentameric polyiodate anion composed of two IO3 and three IO4 polyhedra. Remarkably, both compounds exhibit very large second‐harmonic generation (SHG) signals (14× and 15×KH2PO4 (KDP) upon 1064 nm laser radiation for Y and Gd compounds, respectively). Our work shows that the hydrothermal reaction in a phosphoric acid medium facilitates the formation of rare‐earth polyiodates.
Utilizing the Space‐Charge Region of the FeNi‐LDH/CoP p‐n Junction to Promote Performance in Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: He Kai , Tadesse Tsega Tsegaye , Liu Xi , Zai Jiantao , Li Xin‐Hao , Liu Xuejiao , Li Wenhao , Ali Nazakat , Qian Xuefeng
Published: June 2019

The modulation of electron density is an effective option for efficient alternative electrocatalysts. Here, p‐n junctions are constructed in 3D free‐standing FeNi‐LDH/CoP/carbon cloth (CC) electrode (LDH=layered double hydroxide). The positively charged FeNi‐LDH in the space‐charge region can significantly boost oxygen evolution reaction. Therefore, the j at 1.485 V (vs. RHE) of FeNi‐LDH/CoP/CC achieves ca. 10‐fold and ca. 100‐fold increases compared to those of FeNi‐LDH/CC and CoP/CC, respectively. Density functional theory calculation reveals OH− has a stronger trend to adsorb on the surface of FeNi‐LDH side in the p‐n junction compared to individual FeNi‐LDH further verifying the synergistic effect in the p‐n junction. Additionally, it represents excellent activity toward water splitting. The utilization of heterojunctions would open up an entirely new possibility to purposefully regulate the electronic structure of active sites and promote their catalytic activities.
Was ist XNA?
Authors: Chaput John C. , Herdewijn Piet
Published: June 2019

Der Begriff der “xeno‐Nukleinsäuren”, abgekürzt als XNA, hat in der vergangenen Zeit stetig an Popularität gewonnen und ist heutzutage zu einem Sammelbegriff für beinahe alle nichtnatürlichen Nukleinsäuren geworden. Dies wirft die Frage auf: Was genau ist XNA, und wie unterscheidet sich diese von chemisch modifizierter DNA?
Fluorescent Isoindole Crosslink (FlICk) Chemistry: A Rapid, User‐friendly Stapling Reaction
Authors: Todorovic Mihajlo , Schwab Katerina D. , Zeisler Jutta , Zhang Chengcheng , Bénard Francois , Perrin David M.
Published: June 2019

The stabilization of peptide secondary structure via stapling is a ubiquitous goal for creating new probes, imaging agents, and drugs. Inspired by indole‐derived crosslinks found in natural peptide toxins, we employed ortho‐phthalaldehydes to create isoindole staples, thus transforming inactive linear and monocyclic precursors into bioactive monocyclic and bicyclic products. Mild, metal‐free conditions give an array of macrocyclic α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) derivatives, of which several isoindole‐stapled α‐MSH analogues (Ki≈1 nm) are found to be as potent as α‐MSH. Analogously, late‐stage intra‐annular isoindole stapling furnished a bicyclic peptide mimic of α‐amanitin that is cytotoxic to CHO cells (IC50=70 μm). Given its user‐friendliness, we have termed this approach FlICk (fluorescent isoindole crosslink) chemistry.
What Is XNA?
Authors: Chaput John C. , Herdewijn Piet
Published: June 2019

The term “xeno‐nucleic acids”, abbreviated XNA, has grown in popularity to the point that it has become a catch‐all phrase for almost any unnatural nucleic acid, raising the question: what is XNA and how does it differ from chemically modified DNA?
Boehmite@tryptophan‐Pd nanoparticles: A new catalyst for C–C bond formation
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Mohammadi Masoud , Hudson Robert H.E. , Tamoradi Taiebeh
Published: June 2019

A boehmite@tryptophan‐Pd nanoparticulate catalyst was prepared by a simple, fast and convenient route. The nanomaterial was characterized using various techniques and employed as a thermally stable catalyst for Heck, Stille and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. Optimized conditions for these reactions are described. The catalyst could be isolated, post‐reaction, by simple filtration and recycled for several consecutive cycles without a notable change in its activity.
Sulfonated salicylidene thiadiazole complexes with Co (II) and Ni (II) ions as sustainable corrosion inhibitors and catalysts for cross coupling reaction
Authors: Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Sayed Abdelwahed R. , Adam Mohamed Shaker S.
Published: June 2019

Condensation of 2,5‐dihydrazinyl thiadiazole with 5‐sodium sulfonate salicylaldehyde afforded dibasic tetradentate pincer N,O,O,N‐salicyldiene thiadiazole ligand (H2Sanp). The novel dipolar ligand formed para‐magnetic pincer complexes within Co (II) and Ni (II) ions (Co‐Sanp and Ni‐Sanp) under sustainable conditions. The water‐soluble ligand and its metal‐complexes were estimated by mass, IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy, EA (elemental analyses), TGA (Thermogravimetric analyses), magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. The catalytic reactivity of Co‐Sanp and Ni‐Sanp were evaluated in the Suzuki and Buchwald‐Hartwig cross coupling reaction in aqueous‐methanol binary mixtures. Both reactions of boronic acid or aryl amines with aryl halides gave high chemoselective yield of C―C or C―N product. The inhibition characteristics of H2Sanp and its Ni‐ and Co‐complexes were performed for the C‐steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using electrochemical measurements and surface analysis methods. These methods indicated that the synthesized compounds have served as efficient mixed‐type corrosion inhibitors and their adsorption on the steel surface obeyed isotherm model of Langmuir. Co‐Sanp inhibitor displays the best corrosion inhibition efficiency, and the capacity is up to 97.11% at of 250 mg L−1. Surface analysis confirms formation of protective layer on the C‐steel surface.
Synthesis of MnO2/CdTiO3 nano‐structure for high performance photocatalysis and antimicrobial application
Authors: Gao Yulian , Mahmoudi Boshra , Fakhri Ali , Aghazadeh Hamed , Hosseini Mojgan , Ebrahimi Hossein Ali
Published: June 2019

A MnO2/CdTiO3 is prepared by a simple chemical method. The organic compound such as antibiotics is a contaminant found in large amounts in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. Pharmaceutical compounds are toxic. The nano‐product was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, DLS and UV–vis DRS revealed that the MnO2 nanoparticles were supported on the CdTiO3 surface. The crystallite size was found as 72.11 nm, and 38.13 nm for CdTiO3, and MnCdTi‐1 nanocomposites, respectively. The prepared catalyst was used for photo‐degradation of cephalexin under UV light irradiation. The result implies the complete degradation of cephalexin was carried out at 80 min for MnCdTi‐2 nanocomposites (88.88%) due to this catalyst has the lowest band gap compared to the other catalyst. The MnO2/CdTiO3 was selected for fungicidal and bactericidal efficiency against Aspergillus flavus, and candida albicans and Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The MnO2/CdTiO3–2 has great activity is compared with the other MnO2/CdTiO3–0 and MnO2/CdTiO3–1 samples.
Sound Masking in Büroumgebungen
Authors: Renz Tobias , Leistner Philip , Liebl Andreas
Published: June 2019

Sound Masking, sprich das Einbringen eines definierten Geräusches in eine Bürofläche, kann die Störwirkung durch Hintergrundsprache verringern. Konventionelle Sound Masking‐Systeme bestehen meist aus in der Decke eingebauten Lautsprechern in einem Raster von 2–4 m. Personalisierte Sound Masking Systeme, bei denen Lautsprecher lokal in Arbeitsplatznähe positioniert sind, sind bislang wenig erforscht. Bei solchen Systemen beeinflusst die Positionierung der Lautsprecher die Wirksamkeit. Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Ergebnisse eines Hörversuchs, der in einem Mehrpersonenbüro in laborähnlichen Bedingungen durchgeführt wurde. Die Versuchsteilnehmer bearbeiteten eine Aufgabe zur Messung der Kurzzeitgedächtnisleistung und einen Fragebogen unter zwölf Schallbedingungen. Die kognitive Leistung der Versuchspersonen war niedriger, wenn das Maskierungssignal und die Sprache aus unterschiedlichen horizontalen Richtungen anstatt aus der gleichen Richtung wiedergegeben wurden. Ein ähnlicher Effekt wurde beobachtet, wenn das Maskierungssignal über ein konventionelles System mit Deckenlautsprechern wiedergegeben wurde. Dieser Nachteil trat nicht auf, wenn die Deckenlautsprecher auch zwischen 100 und 200 Hz Schallenergie abgaben. Da die Maskierung mit konventionellen Deckenlautsprechern weder zu niedrigeren Fehlerraten führte noch als weniger lästig bewertet wurde, kann daraus geschlossen werden, dass das personalisierte Sound Masking‐System genauso wirksam wie das konventionelle System war.
Abbildung der wärmedämmenden Wirkung eines fassadengebundenen Begrünungssystems in einem Simulationsmodell
Authors: Tudiwer David , Vertal' Marián , Korjenic Azra , Čakyová Katarína
Published: June 2019

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die wärmedämmende Wirkung eines Fassaden‐Begrünungssystems in einem Simulationsmodel dargestellt. Für die Abbildung wurden in situ‐Messungen an einem fassadengebundenem Trogsystem, das an einem Bürogebäude in Wien installiert wurde, verwendet. Das untersuchte Bürogebäude ist ungedämmt und die Fassade besteht aus Vollziegeln. Über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren wurden in‐situ U‐Wert‐Messungen an zwei Positionen der Fassade durchgeführt. Eine Position ist an einem begrünten Fassadenabschnitt, die andere an einem unbegrünten Abschnitt. Die Messstellen liegen im selben Stockwerk, grenzen an denselben Raum und sind in dieselbe Richtung (südwärts) ausgerichtet. Die Auswertung der Messungen zeigt, dass der U‐Wert am begrünten Teil der Fassade um rund 20 Prozent geringer ist, als am unbegrünten. Der Wärmedurchgangswiderstand erhöht sich um 0,33 m2K/W. Im Simulationsprogramm WUFI wurde die gemessene Situation nachgestellt und der zusätzliche Wärmedurchgangswiderstand dynamisch berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die gemessenen Oberflächentemperaturen eine hohe Übereinstimmung mit den simulierten haben. In der Simulation sind die Extremwerte (besonders hohe oder niedrige Temperaturen) weniger ausgeprägt als bei der in situ‐Messung. Die Erhöhung des Wärmedurchgangswiderstandes aufgrund der Begrünung beträgt bei der Simulation 0,25 bis 0,27 m2K/W und ist somit geringer als die der in situ‐Messung.
Flavors of Flaviviral RNA Structure: towards an Integrated View of RNA Function from Translation through Encapsidation
Authors: Hodge Kenneth , Kamkaew Maliwan , Pisitkun Trairak , Chimnaronk Sarin
Published: June 2019

For many viruses, RNA is the holder of genetic information and serves as the template for both replication and translation. While host and viral proteins play important roles in viral decision‐making, the extent to which viral RNA (vRNA) actively participates in translation and replication might be surprising. Here, the focus is on flaviviruses, which include common human scourges such as dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses, from an RNA‐centric viewpoint. In reviewing more recent findings, an attempt is made to fill knowledge gaps and revisit some canonical views of vRNA structures involved in replication. In particular, alternative views are offered on the nature of the flaviviral promoter and genome cyclization, and the feasibility of refining in vitro‐derived models with modern RNA probing and sequencing methods is pointed out. By tracing vRNA structures from translation through encapsidation, a dynamic molecule closely involved in the self‐regulation of viral replication is revealed.
An approach for augmented learning of finite element analysis
Authors: Huang Jiming , Ong Soh Khim , Nee Andrew Yeh‐Ching
Published: June 2019

Finite element analysis (FEA) is taught in most engineering faculties due to its extensive applications. However, the pedagogy is restricted due to the lack of effective and efficient educational tools. Besides plowing through tedious theories, students have to overcome challenges of using commercial FEA software for problem solving, which often has nonintuitive user interfaces. To help students grasp FEA easily without a stiff learning curve in understanding the software, this paper proposes to integrate the Augmented Reality (AR) technology with FEA. With such integration, FEA results can be augmented and visualized on physical structures to facilitate understanding and interpreting FEA results. In addition, students can perform various FEA tasks directly on physical structures, such as applying loads to investigate structural behavior, exploring FEA results through slicing and clipping, and so forth. A prototype system is built and a user study is conducted. The results have demonstrated the unique features of this novel approach.
Individualized concurrent chemotherapy by pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr viral DNA in II‐III stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis using a large cohort
Authors: Sun Xue‐Song , Chen Wen‐Hui , Liu Sai‐Lan , Liang Yu‐Jing , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Guo Shan‐Shan , Wen Yue‐Feng , Liu Li‐Ting , Xie Hao‐Jun , Tang Qing‐Nan , Li Xiao‐Yun , Yan Jin‐Jie , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Tang Lin‐Quan
Published: June 2019

Object

To ascertain the treatment effect of concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) in stage II‐III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with different Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA level in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) era.

Methods

A total of 2742 patients diagnosed with stage II‐III NPC were involved in this study. Patients received IMRT with/without CCT. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Receiver operating characteristics curve was used to determine the cut‐off value of pre‐DNA based on OS. After propensity score matching, the role of CCT was explored in patients with different EBV DNA level.

Results

In our cohort, the cut‐off value of pre EBV DNA was 1460 copies/mL (area under curve [AUC], 0.695‐0.769; sensitivity, 0.766; specificity, 0.599). Patients with high EBV DNA level showed poor survival in OS, progression free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse‐free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). In patients with EBV DNA level >1460 copies/mL, the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group achieved higher 3‐year OS compared with IMRT groups. However, the CCRT and IMRT groups showed comparable OS in patients with EBV DNA ≤1460 copies/mL. In multivariate analyses, CCT was a protective factor for OS, PFS, and LRFS in high‐risk patients (EBV DNA level >1460 copies/mL), while not an independent prognostic factor among the low‐risk patients (EBV DNA level ≤1460 copies/mL).

Conclusion

Pre‐EBV DNA could be a useful tool to guide individualized treatment for stage II‐III NPC patients. Additional CCT to IMRT improved the survival for patients with high pre‐EBV DNA, while those with low pre‐EBV DNA could not.
Safety and effectiveness of the da Vinci robot with the "3+2" mode for distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Zhan Weipeng , Hu Ming , Han Caiwen , Tian Hongwei , Jing Wutang , Li Xiaofei , Shi Hao , Yang Xiaojun , Guo Tiankang , Su He , Ma Yuntao
Published: June 2019

Background

Recently, no relevant research has focused on the relationship between the clinical efficacy of da Vinci robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) and the number of mechanical arms and assistants used for RDP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and advantages of RDP with the “3 + 2” mode.

Methods

Clinical data from 53 patients (observation group) who received RDP using the “3 + 2” mode in our department, from March 2016 to September 2018, were reviewed. An additional 53 patients who received RDP using the classical mode were chosen at random for the control group. Short‐term outcomes for the two groups were compared.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for estimated blood loss, postoperative day of flatus passage, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly shorter operative time (166.9 ± 13.3 vs 192.6 ± 11.1 minutes, P < 0.001), lower surgical costs ($2827.79 ± $173.02 vs $3900.63 ± $317.29, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The RDP using the “3 + 2” mode can increase the exposure of surgical field, improve cooperation between assistants, lower the surgical costs, and shorten the operative time and learning curve. Moreover, the clinical effect is equal to that of RDP using the classical mode. These findings indicate that RDP using the “3 + 2” mode is safe and feasible for institutions that are equipped for robot‐assisted surgery.
Development of a Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Method to Study Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by Lavender Roots
Authors: Stierlin Émilie , Nicolè Florence , Fernandez Xavier , Michel Thomas
Published: June 2019

A headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed and optimized for the extraction and the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lavandin and fine lavender roots. Optimal parameters to extract volatile molecules from ground and intact roots were determined using a divinylbenzene‐carboxen‐polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coating fiber at 70 °C for 60 min. A total of 99 VOCs, including 40 monoterpenoids, 15 sesquiterpenoids, 1 diterpenoid and 2 coumarins were detected. The main compounds detected in lavandin roots were fenchol, borneol, and coumarin. Performances of the optimized SPME GC/MS method were evaluated via the comparison of VOC emissions between roots from different cultivars of fine lavender (7713 and maillette) and lavandin (abrial and grosso). Chemometric analysis, using partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), suggests fifteen significant features as potential discriminatory compounds. Among them, β‐phellandrene allows discrimination between lavender and lavandin varieties.
Methane Activation on Bimetallic Catalysts: Properties and Functions of Surface Ni−Ag Alloy
Authors: Dam Anh Hoang , Wang Hongmin , Dehghan‐Niri Roya , Yu Xiaofeng , Walmsley John C. , Holmen Anders , Yang Jia , Chen De
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a fundamental study of the properties and functions of well‐defined Ni−Ag surface alloys in methane decomposition and steam reforming, aiming at providing a better understanding of the principle for manipulating the catalytic activity of steam reforming and suppressing carbon formation. A better insight of structure‐property relationship was obtained by a kinetic study of the reactions on well‐defined surface Ni−Ag alloys, which were synthesized by surface redox reaction to selectively introduce Ag atoms into the surface of Ni particles supported on hydrotalcite derived support. The effects of Ni surface alloy with Ag are three‐folds in general. Replacement of Ni by Ag reduces the number of active site exponentially with increasing Ag site coverage. Ag site is not only inactive, but also significantly reduces the activity of adjacent Ni sites for methane activation in both methane decomposition and steam reforming. The third effect is to block the active sites for the nucleation and growth of the filamentous carbon. The rate of methane activation at Ni step sites was found to be 16–19 times of that on Ni terrace sites. The carbon formation rate decreased linearly with Ag site coverage and the effect of Ag is divided into two regions. At low Ag site coverages (0 to 0.055), Ag atoms preferentially deposit on Ni step sites, which has a significant effect on the methane activation compared to Ag atoms on the Ni terrace sites. The results reveal that the effects of Ag site on the carbon formation in the two regions are mostly caused by the different effects of Ag on the activity of Ni step sites and terrace sites, respectively, rather than the different ensemble sizes for carbon formation proposed in the literature.
Triptycene End‐Capped Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines (QPPs): Influence of Substituents and Conditions on Aggregation in the Solid State
Authors: Ueberricke Lucas , Holub Daniel , Kranz Julian , Rominger Frank , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael
Published: June 2019

Triptycene end‐capped quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine reveals a coplanar arrangement with a high overlap of the π planes. Four structurally related model compounds bearing electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating groups were synthesized, and their optoelectronic properties were characterized by using cyclovoltammetry, absorption‐ and emission spectroscopy as well as theoretical calculations. The directional robustness of the triptycene end‐capping of these compounds was tested by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The impact of solvents and crystallization conditions has also been investigated. In total, 17 single‐crystal structures were obtained. Each structure was evaluated for its potential charge‐transfer capability taking into account the overall molecular packing, solvent enclathration and the structural overlap of the π planes of adjacent molecules. For this purpose, charge‐transfer integrals were also calculated for every π‐stacked dimer.
Secret Paper with Vinegar as an Invisible Security Ink and Fire as a Decryption Key for Information Protection
Authors: Chen Fei‐Fei , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Zhang Qiang‐Qiang , Yang Ri‐Long , Qin Dong‐Dong , Xiong Zhi‐Chao
Published: June 2019

Security inks based on photoluminescent materials are mostly investigated for security applications, such as information encryption and decryption, anti‐counterfeiting, and data storage. Although they are invisible to the naked eye under ambient light, they can be detected under ultraviolet or near‐infrared light. Herein, a new kind of secret paper made from network‐structured ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers has been developed. White vinegar, a common cooking ingredient, is used as an invisible security ink. Covert information on the secret paper written with white vinegar is totally invisible under natural light, but it can be decrypted and clearly read after exposure to fire; the response time to fire is short (<10 s). The ways of writing on the secret paper are diverse by using various pens loaded with white vinegar.
Quinoxaline and Pyrido[x,y‐b]pyrazine‐Based Emitters: Tuning Normal Fluorescence to Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Emitting Color over the Entire Visible‐Light Range
Authors: Huang Tingting , Liu Di , Jiang Jingyang , Jiang Wenfeng
Published: June 2019

Quinoxaline (Q), pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine (PP) and pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine (iPP) are used as electron acceptors (A) to design a series of D–π–A‐type light‐emitting materials with different donor (D) groups. By adjusting the molecular torsion angles through changing D from carbazole (Cz) to 10‐dimethylacridine (DMAC) or 10H‐phenoxazine (PXZ) for a fixed A, the luminescence is tuned from normal fluorescence to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). By gradually enhancing the intramolecular charge‐transfer extent through combining different D and A, the emission color is continuously and regularly tuned from pure blue to orange–red. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) containing these compounds as doped emitters exhibit bright electroluminescence with emission colors covering the entire visible‐light range. An external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 1.2 % with excellent color coordinates of (0.16, 0.07) is obtained for the pure‐blue OLED of Q‐Cz. High ηext values of 12.9 (35.9) to 16.7 % (51.9 cd A−1) are realized in the green, yellow, and orange–red TADF OLEDs. All PP‐ and iPP‐based TADF emitters exhibit superior efficiency stabilities to that of analogues of Q. This provides a practical strategy to tune the emission color of Q, PP, and iPP derivatives with the same molecular skeletons over the entire visible‐light range.
5‐Methylcytosine is Oxidized to the Natural Metabolites of TET Enzymes by a Biomimetic Iron(IV)‐Oxo Complex
Authors: Jonasson Niko S. W. , Daumann Lena J.
Published: June 2019

Ten‐eleven‐translocation (TET) methyl cytosine dioxygenases play a key role in epigenetics by oxidizing the epigenetic marker 5‐methyl cytosine (5mC) to 5‐hydroxymethyl cytosine (5hmC), 5‐formyl cytosine (5fC), and 5‐carboxy cytosine (5cC). Although much of the metabolism of 5mC has been studied closely, certain aspects—such as discrepancies among the observed catalytic activity of TET enzymes and calculated bond dissociation energies of the different cytosine substrates—remain elusive. Here, it is reported that the DNA base 5mC is oxidized to 5hmC, 5fC, and 5cC by a biomimetic iron(IV)‐oxo complex, reminiscent of the activity of TET enzymes. Studies show that 5hmC is preferentially turned over compared with 5mC and 5fC and that this is in line with the calculated bond dissociation energies. The optimized syntheses of d3‐5mC and d2‐5hmC are also reported and in the reaction with the biomimetic iron(IV)‐oxo complex these deuterated substrates showed large kinetic isotope effects, confirming the hydrogen abstraction as the rate‐limiting step. Taken together, these results shed light on the intrinsic reactivity of the C−H bonds of epigenetic markers and the contribution of the second coordination sphere in TET enzymes.
Strategic Capture of the {Nb7} Polyoxometalate
Authors: Martin Nicolas P. , Petrus Enric , Segado Mireia , Arteaga Ana , Zakharov Lev N. , Bo Carles , Nyman May
Published: June 2019

Group V Nb‐polyoxometalate (Nb‐POM) chemistry generally lacks the elegant pH‐controlled speciation exhibited by group VI (Mo, W) POM chemistry. Here three Nb‐POM clusters were isolated and structurally characterized; [Nb14O40(O2)2H3]14−, [((UO2)(H2O))3Nb46(UO2)2O136H8(H2O)4]24−, and [(Nb7O22H2)4(UO2)7(H2O)6]22−, that effectively capture the aqueous Nb‐POM species from pH 7 to pH 10. These Nb‐POMs illustrate a reaction pathway for control over speciation that is driven by counter‐cations (Li+) rather than pH. The two reported heterometallic POMs (with UO22+ moieties) are stabilized by replacing labile H2O/HO−Nb=O with very stable O=U=O. The third isolated Nb‐POM features cis‐yl‐oxos, prior observed only in group VI POM chemistry. Moreover, with these actinide‐heterometal contributions to the burgeoning Nb‐POM family, it now transects all major metal groups of the periodic table.
Racial/Ethnic‐Specific Differences in the Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroid Use on Bronchodilator Response in Patients With Asthma
Authors: Samedy‐Bates Lesly‐Anne , Oh Sam S. , Nuckton Thomas J. , Elhawary Jennifer R. , White Marquitta , Elliot Tyronda , Zeiger Andy M. , Eng Celeste , Salazar Sandra , LeNoir Michael A. , Meade Kelley , Farber Harold J. , Serebrisky Denise , Brigino‐Buenaventura Emerita , Rodriguez‐Cintron William , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Kumar Rajesh , Thyne Shannon , Borrell Luisa N. , Rodriguez‐Santana José R. , Pino‐Yanes Maria , Burchard Esteban G.
Published: June 2019

American Thoracic Society guidelines recommend inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, plus a short‐acting bronchodilator, in patients with persistent asthma. However, few prior studies have examined the efficacy of this combination in children of all racial/ethnic groups. We evaluated the association between ICS use and bronchodilator response (BDR) in three pediatric populations with persistent asthma (656 African American, 916 Puerto Rican, and 398 Mexican American children). The association was assessed using multivariable quantile regression. After adjusting for baseline forced expiratory volume in one second and use of controller medications, ICS use was significantly associated with increased BDR only among Mexican Americans (1.56%, P = 0.028) but not African Americans (0.49%, P = 0.426) or Puerto Ricans (0.16%, P = 0.813). Our results demonstrate that ICS augmentation is disproportionate across racial/ethnic groups, where improved BDR is observed in Mexican Americans only. This study highlights the complexities of treating asthma in children, and reinforces the importance of investigating the influence of race/ethnicity on pharmacological response.
Opportunistic interference alignment for three‐tier partially connected heterogeneous networks
Authors: Benaya Ahmed M. , Elsabrouty Maha
Published: June 2019

With the expected increase in the number of connected devices, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) technology has gained great attention in next generation wireless networks. The deployment of such low power nodes in the same geographical area and using the same allocated frequency introduces significant interference among different nodes in the network. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage opportunistic interference alignment (OIA) scheme for the three‐tier downlink HetNet that targets user scheduling along with mitigating intertier and intratier interference signals. Two cascaded precoding matrices as well as two cascaded postcoding matrices are used to perform the two‐stage interference alignment (IA) operation. The outer precoding/postcoding matrix pair are designed using the rank‐constrained rank minimization (RCRM) to minimize the interference among the users associated to the same tier. Simulations show that the proposed scheme outperforms other conventional schemes in terms of the sum rate and the sum achieved degrees of freedom (DoF).
Accounting for heterogeneity when estimating stopover duration, timing and population size of red knots along the Luannan Coast of Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Lok Tamar , Hassell Chris J. , Piersma Theunis , Pradel Roger , Gimenez Olivier
Published: June 2019

To successfully perform their long‐distance migrations, migratory birds require sites along their migratory routes to rest and refuel. Monitoring the use of so‐called stopover and staging sites provides insights into (a) the timing of migration and (b) the importance of a site for migratory bird populations. A recently developed Bayesian superpopulation model that integrates mark–recapture data and ring density data enabled the estimation of stopover timing, duration, and population size. Yet, this model did not account for heterogeneity in encounter (p) and staying (ϕ) probabilities.

Here we extended the integrated superpopulation model by implementing finite mixtures to account for heterogeneity in p and ϕ. We used simulations and real data (from 2009–2016) on red knots Calidris canutus, mostly of the subspecies piersmai, staging in Bohai Bay, China, during spring migration to (a) show the importance of accounting for heterogeneity in encounter and staying probabilities to get unbiased estimates of stopover timing, duration, and numbers of migratory birds at staging sites and (b) get accurate stopover parameter estimates for a migratory bird species at a key staging site that is threatened by habitat destruction.

Our simulations confirmed that heterogeneity in p affected stopover parameter estimates more than heterogeneity in ϕ, especially when most birds had low p. Bias was particularly severe when most birds had both low ϕ and p. Bias was largest for population size, intermediate for stopover duration and negligible for stopover timing.

A total of 50,000–100,000 red knots were estimated to annually stop for 5–9 days in Bohai Bay between 10 and 30 May. This shows the key importance of this staging site for this declining species. There were no clear changes in stopover parameters over time, although stopover population size was substantially lower in 2016 than in preceding years.

Our study shows the importance of accounting for heterogeneity in both encounter and staying probabilities for accurately estimating stopover duration and population size and provides an appropriate modeling framework.
Seasonal water use strategy of canopy tree species and possible implication for their coexistence in a subtropical secondary forest
Authors: Ouyang Lei , He Wen , Huang Kechao , Zhou Cuiming , Gu Daxing , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Ping
Published: June 2019

We investigated the seasonal water use patterns of five canopy tree species,Schima superba,Liquidambar formosanaHance,Quercus griffithiiHook,Quercus acutissimaCarruth, andPinus massoniana, in a subtropical secondary forest in Guangxi province, which were pervasively planted in South China. The hypothesis is that the trees can make different temporal use of environmental resources that change seasonally and consequently contribute to their coexistence. Sap flow technique was used to measure the daily and seasonal transpiration during the period from June 2016 to May 2017. The sap flow—derived daily transpiration (EL), leaf water potential (ΔΨ), hydraulic conductance (K), as well as the responses ofELto driving factor—water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was determined in dry and wet seasons. Measured data of stem sap flow showed thatL. formosana,Q. griffithii, andP. massonianatranspired more water thanS. superbaandQ. acutissimaduring the whole monitoring period, whereas dailyELofP. massonianarapidly decreased under dry season. We attributed the different water use patterns to the significant difference in ΔΨ,K, and wood density among the five species. Moreover, linear relationships between the daily transpiration andVPDmight suggest diverse water use strategies. For the species ofS. superba,Q. acutissima, andP. massoniana, less water consumption and relatively flat change of transpiration withVPDwere observed, suggesting a relatively tighter stomatal control. The slope values forL. formosanaandQ. griffithii, which were much higher even under dry season, might own a weak stomatal control. These different functional and hydraulic traits, together with the associated water use strategies, might facilitate the coexistence of these five canopy tree species, which would assist in predicting the impact of future environmental changes on plant biodiversity and ecosystem services in the investigated region.
Synthesis of a Hybrid between SOD Mimetic and Ebselen to Target Oxidative Stress
Authors: Orth Nicole , Scheitler Andreas , Josef Verena , Franke Alicja , Zahl Achim , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana
Published: June 2019

Oxidative stress emerged as target in drug discovery due to its diverse role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. During the last decades, considerable progress was made in the development of compounds with the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide. However, the dismutation of the latter leads to formation of another harmful ROS, hydrogen peroxide, which can be depleted through peroxidase activity. The present work describes the synthesis of a hybrid, which unifies a superoxide dismutase mimetic, MnIIpyane, and a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, ebselen, that are connected via an amide bond. This unique hybrid is designed in order to convert superoxide into oxygen and water, i.e. as a potential biological agent for complete ROS removal and will be used in the future as mechanistic molecular tool for further elucidation of (patho) physiological consequences of ROS removal.