bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Care Transition of Adolescents and Young Adults with Haemophilia: the Situation in Germany and the Munich experience
Authors: Bidlingmaier Christoph , Olivieri Martin , Schilling Freimut H. , Kurnik Karin , Pekrul Isabell
Published: January 2020

Patients suffering from haemophilia encounter various phases in life, in which individual needs, life situations, and self- and disease perception change rapidly. One of these phases spans from the beginning of puberty until early adulthood, in which individuals gain self-responsibility and reach independence and autonomy. In this challenging time that determines future health, adolescents and young adults need sustainable familiar and professional support. A change in health care team and treatment centre may expose adolescent patients to threats but also provides the possible opportunity to be well prepared. While there is emerging evidence that the so-called health care transition programmes are effective in maintaining quality of care in other disease areas, transition programmes for patients with haemophilia are still rare in Germany, and the evidence is limited. We describe the situation in Germany, discuss our experience in Munich and review some of the available guidance; we conclude that transition programmes should become a standard of care in haemophilia.
Spatiotemporal modes of fast avalanche switching of high-voltage layered semiconductor structures: From subnano to picosecond range
Authors: Rodin Pavel , Ivanov Mikhail
Published: January 2020

The effect of delayed impact ionization breakdown initiated in high-voltage Si or GaAs p+nn+ diode by a steep voltage ramp leads to 100 ps avalanche transient from blocking to conducting state. Here, we demonstrate that qualitatively different inner mechanisms—or spatiotemporal modes—can be responsible for superfast high-voltage avalanche switching. The well-known mechanism based on TRApped Plasma Avalanche Triggered Transit (TRAPATT)-like ionizing front passage is compared with three novel spatiotemporal switching scenarios. The first of these novel modes corresponds to a new type of ionizing front travelling across the structure faster than the saturated drift velocity. Another corresponds to the quasiuniform avalanche breakdown of the whole n base. The last one—the “back-stroke” mode—takes place when switching occurs only in the part of the device cross section. For these novel modes, the calculated switching time (tens of picoseconds) is several times smaller than for well-known TRAPATT-like front (∼100 ps). We analyze all four spatiotemporal modes in their connection with the device structural parameters. By means of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that varying only one parameter of a p+nn+ structure—the n base dopant concentration—it is possible to completely change the inner dynamics. Our analysis reveals that subnanosecond—100 ps or less—switching time may be determined either by the ionizing front passage time or by the internal “discharge” time of the device via generated electron–hole plasma.
Characterization of InAs/GaSb superlattices grown by MOCVD with atomic resolution
Authors: Li Xin , Cui Jie , Zhao Yu , Wu Qihua , Teng Yan , Hao Xiujun , Chen Ying , Liu Jiafeng , Zhu He , Huang Yong , Yao Yuan
Published: January 2020

High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope were utilized to analyze the interfacial atomic structure of InAs/GaSb superlattices (SLs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on InAs substrates. Despite high growth temperature, narrow interface (IF) widths of less than 2.5 monolayers (MLs) and 3.8 MLs were extracted from HAADF and EELS, respectively, indicating that the IF quality of MOCVD-grown InAs/GaSb SLs is comparable to those grown by molecular beam epitaxy. GaAs-type IFs are considered to account for the narrow IF width. In addition, GaSb-on-InAs IFs were found to be sharper and more strained than InAs-on-GaSb IFs, which is correlated with the special gas supply and switching sequence during MOCVD growth. The strain profile deduced from the HAADF image suggests that little Sb is incorporated into InAs sublayers and 7% In is incorporated into GaSb sublayers.
Rotating magnetocaloric effect over a wide room temperature range in oriented polycrystalline Nd1 − xTbxCo5
Authors: Su Liqun , Zhang Hu , Zhou He , Yan Kaili , Cong Daoyong , Huang Rongjin , Zhang Yingli , Long Yi
Published: January 2020

Oriented polycrystalline Nd1 − xTbxCo5 alloys are fabricated successfully by the magnetic field bonding technique, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) and rotating magnetocaloric effect (RMCE) have been studied systematically. Two successive spin-reorientation transitions (SRTs), “easy-plane” to “easy-cone” transition at TSR1 followed by “easy-cone” to “easy-axis” transition at TSR2, are observed. The SRT temperatures shift toward room temperature due to the enhancement of MCA by substituting Nd with Tb of a higher MCA constant. In addition, two competing mechanisms on MCA might be induced by substituting Nd with Tb, which leads to the nonlinear variation of RMCE. The RMCE and the working temperature range increase largely by substituting Nd with a small amount of Tb, e.g., the maximum rotating adiabatic temperature change ΔTrot increases by ∼60% from x = 0 to 0.1. The relatively large RMCE over a wide working temperature range (from 240 K to 310 K) makes x = 0.1 compound attractive candidate for rotating magnetic refrigeration around room temperature.
Uncharacteristic second order martensitic transformation in metals via epitaxial stress fields
Authors: Reeve Samuel Temple , Vishnu Karthik Guda , Strachan Alejandro
Published: January 2020

While most phase transformations, e.g., ferroelectric or ferromagnetic, can be first or second order depending on external applied fields, martensitic transformations in metallic alloys are nearly universally first order. We demonstrate that epitaxial stress originating from the incorporation of a tailored second phase can modify the free energy landscape that governs the phase transition and change its order from first to second. High-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations show a remarkable change in the character of the martensitic transformation in Ni–Al alloys near the critical point. We observe the continuous evolution of the transformation order parameter and scaling with power-law exponents comparable to those in other ferroic transitions exhibiting critical behavior. Our theoretical work provides a foundation for recent experimental and computational results on martensites near critical points.
Magneto-electroluminescence response in 2D and 3D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite light emitting diodes
Authors: Pan Xin , Liu Haoliang , Huynh Uyen , Vardeny Z. Valy
Published: January 2020

We have studied the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response in light emitting diodes based on 2D-(PEA)2PbI4 and 3D-MAPbI3 hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites at cryogenic temperatures. We found that the MEL is negative, i.e., the EL decreases with the applied field strength, B. In addition, the MEL(B) response has a Lorentzian line shape whose width depends on the perovskite used. We interpret the MEL(B) response using the “Δg mechanism” in which the spin of the injected electron–hole (e–h) pairs oscillates between singlet and triplet configurations due to different precession frequencies of the electron and hole constituents that originate from the difference, Δg, in the electron and hole gyromagnetic constants, g. In this model, the MEL(B) linewidth is inversely proportional to the spin lifetime and Δg. The model used is validated by directly measuring the spin lifetime of photogenerated e–h pairs using the circularly polarized pump–probe transmission technique with 100 fs resolution.
Equilibrium shapes of two-phase rotating fluid drops with surface tension
Authors: Butler S. L.
Published: January 2020

While rotating single phase fluid drops have been thoroughly investigated, the determination of the shape of a drop consisting of two immiscible liquid phases has not been previously considered. Recently, experiments using rotating micron-scale droplets of liquid helium have been carried out where the liquid can be in a normal or superfluid state depending on the isotope of helium used. Two phases can be present if the helium is a mixture of He3 and He4. Classical results have been very useful in aiding the analysis of single phase liquid helium drops and are similarly needed for two phase drops. In this contribution, the Navier–Stokes equations with surface tension are solved numerically using the finite-element method with surface tension effects on the inner and outer interfaces. The numerical models are time-dependent but are run to a steady state to determine equilibrium shapes. It is found that with an appropriate scaling of the density and surface tension coefficient, the relationships between the angular velocity and the angular momentum and of the outer surface dimensions with angular momentum become very similar to those of a single phase fluid for a broad range of parameters. However, the shapes of the inner drops vary significantly, particularly when the volume of the inner fluid is significantly less than that of the outer fluid. Increasing the relative magnitude of the interfacial surface tension coefficient or decreasing the relative density of the inner region leads to less deformation of the inner drop relative to the outer one.
Self-powered flexible and transparent smart patch for temperature sensing
Authors: Chen Xuexian , Ren Zhongyang , Guo Hang , Cheng Xiaoliang , Zhang Haixia
Published: January 2020

Wearable electronics that can deform with human skin and monitor physical information are promising next-generation electronics. Here, we demonstrate a self-powered smart patch for temperature sensing by integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator, power management circuit and temperature sensor together. Benefitting from the functional nanomaterial and fabrication process of spray coating, the main part of the device shows extraordinary mechanical flexibility and visible transparency. The temperature sensor presents a high sensitivity of 0.54% per Kelvin scaled by relative resistance change. Owing to the high efficiency of the implemented power management circuit, a capacitor of 100 μF can be easily charged to 1 V within 105 s through the triboelectric nanogenerator contacting with cotton, which can drive the sensor continuously to work for more than 100 s. The large-scalable fabrication process and integration design give this smart patch potential applications in human-machine interfaces and soft electronic skins.
Cross-diffusion-induced patterns in an SIR epidemic model on complex networks
Authors: Chang Lili , Duan Moran , Sun Guiquan , Jin Zhen
Published: January 2020

Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health. Spatial patterns revealed by epidemic models governed by reaction–diffusion systems can serve as a potential trend indicator of disease spread; thus, they have received wide attention. To characterize important features of disease spread, there are two important factors that cannot be ignored in the reaction–diffusion systems. One is that a susceptible individual has an ability to recognize the infected ones and keep away from them. The other is that populations are usually organized as networks instead of being continuously distributed in space. Consequently, it is essential to study patterns generated by epidemic models with self- and cross-diffusion on complex networks. Here, with the help of a linear analysis method, we study Turing instability induced by cross-diffusion for a network organized SIR epidemic model and explore Turing patterns on several different networks. Furthermore, the influences of cross-diffusion and network structure on patterns are also investigated.
Enhanced hybrid improper ferroelectricity in Sr3−xBaxSn2O7 ceramics with a Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) structure
Authors: Chen Bu Hang , Sun Tu Lai , Liu Xiao Qiang , Zhu Xiao Li , Tian He , Chen Xiang Ming
Published: January 2020

Hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) has received increasing scientific attention since it provides great potential for realizing single phase room temperature multiferroicity with strong magnetoelectric coupling, and Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) compounds AO(ABO3)n with even n are the most important candidates for HIFs. However, the modulation of ferroelectric polarization is recognized as a challenging issue. Here, Sr3−xBaxSn2O7 ceramics with a large remanent polarization with respect to other R–P HIFs (∼1.0 μC/cm2) combined with a reduced coercive field are reported. The polarization increases obviously with the increasing tolerance factor, inconsistent with the previous understanding. This is because the amplitude of tilt increases and rotation decreases, which results in the increased distortion of SnO6 octahedra. That is, the polarization of R–P compounds should be determined by the combined effects of tilting and rotation and not be simply evaluated by the tolerance factor.
Analytical calculations of scattering lengths for a class of long-range potentials of interest for atomic physics
Authors: Szmytkowski Radosław
Published: January 2020

We derive two equivalent analytical expressions for an lth partial-wave scattering length al for central potentials with long-range tails of the form V(r)=−ℏ22mBrn−4(rn−2 + Rn−2)2−ℏ22mCr2(rn−2 + Rn−2), (r ⩾ rs, R > 0). For C = 0, this family of potentials reduces to the Lenz potentials discussed in a similar context in our earlier works [R. Szmytkowski, Acta Phys. Pol. A 79, 613 (1991); J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 28, 7333 (1995)]. The formulas for al that we provide in this paper depend on the parameters B, C, and R characterizing the tail of the potential, on the core radius rs, as well as on the short-range scattering length als, the latter being due to the core part of the potential. The procedure, which may be viewed as an analytical extrapolation from als to al, is relied on the fact that the general solution to the zero-energy radial Schrödinger equation with the potential given above may be expressed analytically in terms of the generalized associated Legendre functions.
From spin-labelled fused polyaromatic compounds to magnetically active graphene nanostructures
Authors: Ten Yury A. , Troshkova Nadezhda M. , Tretyakov Evgeny V.
Published: January 2020

Molecular design of magnetically active graphene nanoscale structures is an emerging field of research. The key goal of this research is to produce graphene nanoribbons and graphene quantum dots with specified electronic, optical and magnetic properties. The review considers methods for the synthesis of spin-labelled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are homologous precursors of graphene nanostructures, and discusses the advances and prospects of the design of magnetically active graphene materials.

The bibliography includes 134 references.
Solid–gas reactions in synthetic chemistry: what can we learn from reaction pathways?
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: January 2020

The knowledge of reaction pathways in the preparation of solids is usually rather scarce, which hinders synthesis planning and process control. This is particularly true for metastable compounds, which are a challenge for chemical synthesis, especially in the solid state. In situ studies can help in exploring the energy landscape around their local minimum by investigating formation and decomposition. Screening the multi-parameter space in synthetic chemistry is much more efficient using in as compared to ex situ methods. Studying solid–gas reactions in situ is demanding due to the oftentimes harsh conditions as for temperature and gas pressure. Examples are given for a variety of solids and applications, e.g., metal hydrides (hydrogen storage, hydrogenation – decomposition – desorption – recombination), intermetallics (heterogeneous catalysis), metal nitrides, nitride oxides and oxides (magnetic materials, photocatalysts). Many new metastable compounds with intriguing properties were discovered by such in situ studies in flowing or static gas atmosphere (H2, Ar, NH3, air) at elevated pressures and temperatures using a variety of in situ methods such as X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, thermal analysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy, Raman, NMR, UV-VIS and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The potential of unravelling reaction pathways of solid–gas reactions for improving syntheses and controlling chemical processes is demonstrated.

The bibliography includes 48 references.

Based on a talk given at the 5th EUCHEMS Inorganic Chemistry Conference (EICC-5, Moscow, Russia, 2019).
Water Story
Authors: Beeson Geoff
Published: January 2020

Freshwater scarcity is a critical challenge, with social, economic, political and environmental consequences. Water crises in Australia have already led to severe restrictions being applied in cities, drought ravaging farmlands, and the near-terminal decline of some rivers and wetlands.
A Water Story provides an account of Australian water management practices, set against important historical precedents and the contemporary experience of other countries. It describes the nature and distribution of the country's natural water resources, management of these resources by Indigenous Australians, the development of urban water supply, and support for pastoral activities and agricultural irrigation, with the aid of case studies and anecdotes. This is followed by discussion of the environmental consequences and current challenges of water management, including food supply, energy and climate change, along with options for ensuring sustainable, adequate high-quality water supplies for a growing population.
A Water Story is an important resource for water professionals and those with an interest in water and the environment and related issues, as well as students and the wider community.
Ready, Set, Code!
Authors: Catchpole Heather , O’Brien Nicola
Published: January 2020

Are you ready to learn about real technology and make it yourself?
Ready, Set, Code! explains how cutting-edge digital technology works and its surprising uses now and in the future. Filled with interesting examples, each chapter explores a different topic, such as artificial intelligence, sensors and data, and applies it with a fun, hands-on coding project. You will learn how to create your own chatbot, translate messages into different languages, construct a burglar alarm, make digital art and music, and launch a citizen science project. Plus, you’ll learn how to protect yourself online and much more.
Suitable for beginners, this book provides illustrated step-by-step instructions to teach kids to code with the highly acclaimed Scratch programming language, popular micro:bit mini computers and simple app building tools.
Research on Spartina alterniflora using molecular biological techniques: an overview
Authors: Xia Lu , Yang Wen , Geng Qifang , Jeelani Nasreen , An Shuqing
Published: January 2020

Biological invasion is a global issue. Since the double helix structure of DNA molecule was discovered in 1953, more scientific studies have focused on the structure and function of biological macromolecules in invasive organisms using molecular biology techniques, which has contributed to our understanding of their competitive advantages and invasion mechanisms. As a coastal invasive species, there has been considerable interest in Spartina alterniflora. Here we summarise previous studies investigating S. alterniflora using molecular biological techniques from the individual, population and application perspectives. We hope this article will be helpful in future studies on and in the management and utilisation of S. alterniflora in wetlands.
Acute citrulline‐malate supplementation is ineffective during aerobic cycling and subsequent anaerobic performance in recreationally active males
Authors: Gills Joshua L. , Glenn Jordan M. , Gray Michelle , Romer Braden , Lu Hocheng
Published: January 2020

Citrulline‐malate (CM) purportedly increases exercise performance through increased nitric oxide production. The effects of CM on muscular strength performance are well‐documented; however, the benefits of CM on aerobic and anaerobic biking performance are not well researched. Therefore, the present investigation examined the acute CM supplementation effects on aerobic and anaerobic cycling performance in recreationally active males. Methods: 28 recreationally active males (20.9 ± 2.8 years) completed randomized, double‐blind, crossover trials consuming CM (12g dextrose + 8g CM) or a placebo (12g dextrose). Participants performed an aerobic cycling protocol (time‐to‐exhaustion [TTE]), followed by a subsequent 30‐second Wingate cycling test, 60‐minutes after supplement consumption. Results: Dependent t‐tests showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for TTE (PLA: 315.4 s ± 137.7 s; CM: 314.1 s ± 107.1 s) and Total Work Completed (TWC) (PLA: 74.7 ± 34.1 kilojoules (kJ); CM: 74.1 ± 26.4 kJ) during the aerobic cycling protocol. Dependent t‐tests also showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) for mean watts (PLA: 586.1 ± 87.7 Watts (W); CM: 588.0 ± 93.0 W), peak watts (PLA: 773.0 ± 136.7 W; CM: 786.7 ± 133.0 W), and fatigue index (PLA: 12.9 ± 6.4 FI; CM: 14.3 ± 7.2 FI) during the Wingate protocol. Repeated‐measures ANOVA results indicated a significant effect between each 5 s interval (p < 0.001), but no differences were observed between trials (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Acute CM supplementation in recreationally active males provides no ergogenic benefit in aerobic cycling performance followed by an anaerobic cycling test.
APPARENT VIOLATIONS OF THE ALL-OR-NONE LAW IN RELATION TO POTASSIUM IN THE PROTOPLASM
Authors: Osterhout W. J. V.
Published: January 2020

The protoplasm of Nitella forms a thin layer surrounding a large central vacuole filled with sap. At the inner surface of the protoplasm is a non-aqueous layer called Y and at the outer surface is a similar layer called X. At each of these layers there is a potential due to the diffusion of KCl in contact with the layer. We thus have P = PX + PY in which P is the total potential, PX is the potential at X, and PY the potential at Y. We assume that when stimulation occurs PY disappears and PX remains unaltered. The loss of part of the potential therefore involves no violation of the all-or-none law since the Y layer loses all of its potential and the X layer loses nothing.

If the concentration of KCl in the external solution and in the sap is known the concentration in the protoplasm can be calculated at each stimulation by measuring the height of the spike.
Random fuse model in the presence of self-healing
Authors: Costagliola Gianluca , Bosia Federico , Pugno Nicola M
Published: January 2020

Self-regeneration is a fundamental property of biological materials, leading to enhanced mechanical strength and toughness if subjected to stress and fatigue. Numerous efforts have been devoted to emulate this property and various self-healing materials have been designed with the aim of a practical adoption in construction and mechanical engineering. To achieve this, it is important to understand how damage evolution and fracture propagation are modified by self-healing and to evaluate how mechanical behaviour is affected before failure. In this paper, we implement for the first time a self-healing procedure in the random fuse model, whose characteristic scaling properties have been widely studied in the literature on damage evolution modelling. We identify some characteristic signatures of self-healing, showing that it can delay the failure of a material undergoing loading, but it also lead to a hard-to-predict, more catastrophic breakdown.
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles have contrasting effects on the temporal dynamics of sulfonamide and β-lactam resistance genes in soils amended with antibiotics
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Li Junjian , Li Dale , Zhang Hong , Hu Hangwei
Published: January 2020

Nanoparticles (NPs) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, have been reported to be accumulated in the soil environment. The use of NPs have raised increasing concerns about their environmental impacts, but the combined effect of NPs and antibiotics on ARGs remains less understood. Here, we established laboratory microcosms to explore the impacts of different concentrations of SiO2 NPs on β-lactam and sulfonamide resistance genes in soils amended with β-lactam or sulfonamide. Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed that the addition of NPs increased the bacterial community diversity but had no significant effects on the bacterial abundance. Moreover, NPs and sulfonamide jointly increased the abundances of sulfonamide resistance genes, while the exposure of NPs and β-lactam decreased β-lactam resistance genes. The detected ARGs were associated closely with two mobile genetic elements (MGEs, the tnpA and intI1 genes), indicating that MGEs may contribute to the dissemination of ARGs. Correlation analysis indicated the shifts in potential bacterial hosts and the frequency of horizontal gene transfer were important factors explaining the patterns of ARGs. Furthermore, structural equation models indicated that NPs exposure decreased the abundances of β-lactam resistance genes by driving changes in bacterial community and MGEs, whereas the increased abundances of sulfonamide resistance genes were mainly associated with the bacterial community, diversity and MGEs mediated by NPs and antibiotics. These results suggested that the combined effects of NPs and antibiotics on soil bacterial resistance were different due to the types of antibiotics.
History and prospects of the Saami issue
Authors: Yu Eidemiller K , Geht A B , Samylovskaya E.A. , Kulik S V , Krylova E A
Published: January 2020

The historical development of the Saami people in the XXI century differs a lot from the XX century and even more so from the XIX century. And over time, these changes are becoming more and more apparent. At the end of the 20th century the Saami, divided by the state borders of as many as 4 states and not having their own statehood, could only be compared with the Kurds or Balochs. That is the reason they are called “Kurds of Northern Europe”.
“Polar Silk road”: project implementation and geo-economic interests of Russia and China
Authors: Gladkiy Yu N , Sukhorukov V D , Yu Kornekova S , Kulik S V , Kaledin N V
Published: January 2020

The authors focus on the Northern sea route of Russia, which is considered as a transcontinental Euro-Asian sea transport corridor. It is emphasized that the Arctic is not only a reliable source of energy security of Russia, but also an important geostrategic region. In this regard, the Northern sea route will be modernized even if the Chinese idea of the “Polar silk road” is not implemented at all. The role of China in the development of the transit highway project, which remains a reserve of the international transport system, is analyzed. There are some high expectations of Russia from the project, as the neighboring country is extremely cautious in its implementation, investing capital mainly in mining. In addition, there is a fear that the declared principles of the project implementation will lead, if not to the complete displacement of Russian business, then to a sharp weakening of its positions. This point of view is confirmed by the policy of Chinese investors to exercise strict control over the emerging transport arteries. Among the vulnerable points of the silk road project implementation are severe natural conditions, restrictions of the navigation season, insufficient capacity of the icebreaker fleet, economic sanctions of the United States and Western Europe, as well as the difficulties of creating a modern transport infrastructure along the sea route.
High-precision CubeSat sun sensor coupled with infrared Earth horizon detector
Authors: Pelemeshko Anatoly , Kolesnikova Alena , Melkov Alexander , Prokopyev Vitaliy , Zadorozhny Alexander
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a novel miniature module of orientation sensors for CubeSat nanosatellites. A high-precision sun sensor and a detector of the Earth horizon are located in one small module body. A two-axis digital sun sensor built into the orientation module is based on the registration of the sunspot formed on the matrix CMOS image sensor when the sun’s rays pass through a pinhole in the front mask. A commercially available miniature array of infrared thermometers is used as the Earth horizon sensor. The paper is mainly devoted to the development of the sun sensor. For laboratory tests, a prototype of the orientation module was developed. Laboratory tests and sun sensor calibration confirmed the sun sensor field of view of 120° and made it possible to determine its angular resolution of ±0.015°. The final accuracy of determining the direction to the Sun by the sensor that was calibrated using the existing experimental setup is ±0.15° with 95% confidence. It is possible to improve the accuracy of the sun sensor by improving the experimental setup for its calibration.
Sequential agglomerative procedure for sorting a production batch of electronic radio devices into homogeneous groups
Authors: Golovanov S M , Orlov V I , Kazakovtsev L A , Fedosov V V
Published: January 2020

Authors proposed a clustering algorithm for sorting a batch of electronic radio devices by homogeneous groups according to the results of non-destructive tests. Algorithm is based on searching for the best silhouette criterion value of clusters using the sequential agglomerative procedure (SAP). It merges groups with the smallest distance between their centers one by one. New procedure was tested on dataset of microcircuits for space applications in a specialized test center.
Top down designing spacecraft in CAD applying knowledge-based parametric patterns
Authors: Lihachev M V , Poturemsky I V , Vygonsky Yu G , Leonenkov A D , Baranov V V
Published: January 2020

The article demonstrates that creating theoretically grounded data model and product development processes within a common information space of the enterprise using the top down design approach is the assignment to be performed if the researchers take into account a wide variety of the interrelated issues, such as: managing the changes and configuration, reusing data, realizing the advantages of knowledge-based patterns. The similar data models and processes are currently demanded, since their implementation significantly reduces the time and money expenditures and improves the product quality at its development stage. The authors present their methodology of top down designing spacecraft based on top level CAD using knowledge-based patterns of spacecraft structure elements.
Priorities of technological development of raw material region
Authors: Filimonenko I V , Moskvina A V , Ryzhkova O V , Likhachev M A
Published: January 2020

The problems of technological development of the region’s industries seem relevant in connection with the need to ensure the competitiveness of their products in both local and international markets. The high-tech sector, as well as the sector of the “knowledge economy” are, in addition, the locomotives of the technological development of basic and infrastructure sectors, therefore, special attention is paid to the improvement of scientific research processes. The technological development of industries and the region as a whole is considered in the framework of a multisectoral model, which allows reflecting all the relationships and interactions arising under the influence of “global challenges”. The priority areas for the development of the high-tech sector were structured using the “smart specialization” model, which allows us to further highlight the technological and market opportunities for enhancing regional competitive advantages. Strategic positioning is presented in two sectors of the economy: basic and infrastructure; high-tech and “knowledge economy”. The capabilities of the strategies are aimed at creating competitiveness in local, regional and national markets. The concept of “smart specialization” combines strategies based on the creation of both our own technologies and those borrowed and adapted to our conditions. The map of technology positioning in the sphere of strategic alternatives defines the potential circle of participants in cluster systems for joint interaction, forming the scientific and innovative potential of the region.
High-tech small digital manufacturing in mechanical engineering
Authors: Platonova E V , Platonov V V , Timchenko V V , Zheltobruhov E M
Published: January 2020

The article proposes creation of small high-tech engineering enterprises, which, in the context of a complete transition to digital technologies, will be able to solve effectively specific technological problems of large industrial enterprises and corporations. An example of an existing small digital enterprise is considered, where the technology for manufacturing foundry equipment for producing flat ingots for UC RUSAL is developed and implemented. Digital technologies are described using aggregation elements that were introduced during the modernization of the 6M610 longitudinally milling machine.
Features of the thermal imaging method for quality control of profile heat pipes
Authors: Petrov D A , Karachinov V A , Petrov A V , Ionov A S , Evstigneev D A
Published: January 2020

A new method for controlling the quality of a heat pipe is proposed and tested by separately using the conductive method of heat input and the optical method of measuring temperature at infrared wavelengths, as well as digital methods for processing the recorded brightness contrast of the heat field. The quality of the heat pipe is judged by the magnitude of the asymmetry coefficient of the isothermal surface relative to the heat supply zone, and the defect zone is visually determined by the distortion of the shape of the isothermal lines.
Mathematical model of the tool for reverse trimming of non-rigid products
Authors: Brichenkov S N , Sokolova I D , Beckel L S
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the solution of the problem of ensuring the accuracy of non-rigid parts processing. For this purpose, it is proposed to use the developed tool for backcutting. In modern conditions of competition and struggle for the consumer manufacturers are increasingly resorting to improving the finished product quality characteristics as well as to using complex configuration parts in their mechanisms in order to reduce the mating parts number and improve the individual units reliability. These trends are the reason to the machining processes intensification, the new tools, metalworking equipment and devices creation. At present one of the actual tasks requiring non-standard solutions is the non-rigid parts processing, in particular the processing of surfaces that are difficult to reach by standard metal-cutting tools and tooling, such as the inner butt ends of the levers eyelets. To solve this problem the original reverse trimming tool was designed. This tools’ mathematical model is given in the article.
Creation of a methodology for predicting the appearance of knocks of shock absorber at the first stages of vehicle design
Authors: Cherepanov L A , Epishkin V E , Gordeev D A
Published: January 2020

The phenomenon existing in the automotive industry is considered, namely the valve “knock” associated with noise during the operation of the shock absorber. Road and bench tests of shock absorbers allowed explaining the causes of the valve «knock» - a developed method for predicting the appearance of knocks at the vehicle design is presented.
Identification of the relationship of the magnitude of the rise tool tooth and the physical and mechanical properties of the material and the tool broaching
Authors: Kuts V V , Kochergin V S , Razumov M S
Published: January 2020

The article considers the existing methods of designing a broaching tool. The analysis revealed that they do not take into account the change in the physicomechanical measurements of the workpiece and tool occurring with the material at various temperatures in the cutting zone. The article offers a technique for taking this circumstance into account to increase the productivity of the pulling process. The method will allow to design a broaching tool for processing internal surfaces and it will increase the productivity of machining of internal surfaces.
Mechanical engineering design of IPA distillation column
Authors: Bamatov Ibragim M , Edelgeriev Ruslan S-D , Bamatov Dzhabrail M
Published: January 2020

Extractive distillation is one of the popular methods being leveraged to separate isopropyl alcohol (IPA) from water. This project demonstrates the mechanical design data for second distillation column in continuous flow process of propan-2-ol production. Moreover, a 3 dimensional view of the sieve tray (rising vapour and liquid flow) are illustrated.
Evaluation of the uniformity of plastic deformation under tension
Authors: Rastorguev D A
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the method of estimating the uniformity of the axial strain distribution under tension of cylindrical samples. Such an assessment is necessary in the design and conduct of thermal power treatment within the procurement stage of the technological process. The technology of processing of low-rigid long-length blanks, which consists in simultaneous heating and deformation, mainly by stretching, is considered. This method provides the formation of straightness of the workpiece with alignment and reduction of residual process stresses. For long-length workpieces, the distribution of deformations in the axial direction across different zones is unstable. It is associated with the initial heterogeneity of the material properties, uneven heating and autowave nature of the plastic flow. A technique is considered that provides a comprehensive assessment of the uniformity of stretching along the length with sufficient simplicity and high objectivity. The results of using the developed integrated assessment for high-temperature tension of samples made of corrosion resistant alloy are presented.
Methodology for the formation of indicators balanced system for marketing activities of an industrial enterprise
Authors: Fedorova N V , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V S , Danilchenko Yu V , Ezhemanskaya S N , Sokolovskiy N V
Published: January 2020

The article presents a methodology for the formation of BSC, which is presented as a tool for strategic and operational management of marketing activities. An industrial enterprise with a large number of competitors and retaining leadership positions was chosen as the object of research. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate marketing activities. An analysis of relations with customers, sales organizations, agents, dealers, subcontractors, commercial intermediaries of subsidiaries, and representative offices was carried out. The main activity of the enterprise is: production of precast concrete for brick and partial construction; production of precast concrete for panel housing series 111.97; construction and sale of housing (primary housing in brick or panel construction); production and laying of “pavers”. Strategic goals were set based on key factors and proposed options for their achievement, as a result of which the company will be able to grow in terms of marketing management. This topic is relevant for this enterprise.
Nonlinear dynamic system identification with a cooperative population-based algorithm featuring a restart metaheuristic
Authors: Brester C , Ryzhikov I , Stanovov V , Semenkin E , Kolehmainen M
Published: January 2020

Dynamic system identification is commonly reduced to an optimization problem which is complex and multimodal. To find a global optimum of this problem, evolutionary algorithms are often applied. However, as it was shown in many studies, conventional evolution-based algorithms do not demonstrate the acceptable performance for this class of problems, therefore, some effective modifications have been proposed so far. In our study, we combine two approaches which were previously used in linear dynamic system identification and allowed their accurate identification. More specifically, we present a cooperative evolutionary algorithm with a restart metaheuristic and apply it for the parameter identification of a nonlinear cascaded system. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed evolution-based identification compared to other known solutions of this problem.
Multi-population evolutionary algorithm SPEA2 for crystal structure determination from X-ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Zaloga A N , Burakov S V , Yakimov I S , Gusev K A , Dubinin P S
Published: January 2020

The problem of determining inorganic crystal structures with a large number of atoms from powder diffraction data is a relevant research task. In order to solve this problem, we made an algorithm of multi-objective optimization based on the SPEA2 approach implemented in a multi-threaded (parallel) version. This algorithm is a development of previously presented variants of single-criterion multi-population GA (MPGA). The article describes the algorithm and the results of applying to test crystal structures.
Development of control systems kit for study of PID controller in the framework of cyber-physical systems
Authors: Škraba Andrej , Stanovov Vladimir , Semenkin Eugene
Published: January 2020

Control systems kit for studying the PID principles was developed using affordable microcontroller Arduino UNO and ARM Mini PC Raspberry Pi 3 Model B as well as GK802V5LE. PID algorithm in JavaScript/ECMAScript is provided. The concept of the Cyber-physical System is addressed and the possibility to extend the classical control system paradigm. A detailed description of the system structure is provided as well as the layout of the user interface, which enables us to monitor the key parameters of the PID control algorithm in real-time. Nodejs was used on the server-side as well as WebSockets for the communication between client and server. The proposed platform is suitable for rapid prototyping in the area of Cyber-physical Systems and the Internet of Things.
Maximum photovoltaic array power point tracking algorithm based on modified particle swarm optimization under non-uniform irradiance
Authors: Engel E A , Engel N E
Published: January 2020

Under fast-changing non-uniform solar irradiance level the multiple local maximum power points are observed but only one global maximum power point exists which lead to a dynamic optimization problem. This paper presents a maximum photovoltaic array power point tracking algorithm based on the modified particle swarm optimization. The modification of particle swarm optimization employs re-randomization and the particles around a maximum power point initialization. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides stability and fast maximum power point tracking of a photovoltaic array, as compared to a classical Perturb and Observe or particle swarm optimization algorithms under fast-changing non-uniform solar irradiance level.
Multi-criteria optimization of the process of electrolytic alkali’s evaporation in order to develop a resource-saving chemical-technological system
Authors: Shulaeva E A , Pavlov V B
Published: January 2020

Development of resource-saving chemical-technological systems requires maintenance of process parameters within the specified limits. The article describes the use of artificial neural networks for modeling of technological process of electrolytic alkali evaporation. The simulation was carried out in Statistica software. The simulation results were used to perform multi-criteria optimization by proper simplex minimization and Nelder-Mead minimization methods to reduce costs and improve process performance and product quality.
Automated verification of expression transformation chains based on computational experiments
Authors: Novikov Fedor , Katsman Viktor , Mosin Vladislav
Published: January 2020

The solution of mathematical and logical problems is the imperative element of the educational process in the technical sciences. To solidify the assimilated skills, learner need to solve a large number of educational tasks, that leads to the need of checking of a large number of solutions. In lots of cases the solution of an educational task is the chain of expression transformations. Many systems allow to compare the learner’s answer with the correct one, defined by the teacher. But in some cases, the teacher needs to set some additional information, besides the answer expression. Such additional information cannot be set for each possible pair of expressions in each possible solution chain of the task. We propose a method for verifying task solutions, based on the computational experiments between each pair of steps in solution chain. The proposed approach was tested and showed good results. Namely, in the experiments the efficiency of the teacher’s work when checking solutions increased more than 4 times.
Remote monitoring software for induction soldering installation
Authors: Dremin R S , Bets Yu S , Tynchenko V S , Bukhtoyarov V V , Milov A V , Egorova D V , Kukartsev V V
Published: January 2020

In this article, a comparative analysis of the existing software was carried out, a description of the subject area of the developed system was given, existing software tools, such integrated development environments as Xcode, Xamarin, FireMonkey were analyzed. As a result of the work, software was developed that made it possible to obtain experiment data, edit and delete experiments, change the parameters of the installations leading to emergencies and lead to the installation of induction soldering automation systems remotely and internally in the existing information infrastructure.
Distributed Raman sensor system with point spots for downhole telemetry
Authors: Nureev I I , Gubaidullin R R , Kadushkin V V , Kurbiev I Y , Proskuriakov A D
Published: January 2020

The article explores the use of two-element fiber Bragg structures as point spots for a distributed downhole telemetry, namely, to calibrate Raman systems and to refine their readings for distributed temperature, and additionally get values of pressure at the end of probe fiber. For this purpose, a structural scheme of a distributed-pointed sensor system was proposed that combines a distributed temperature sensor based on incoherent optical frequency reflectometry using Raman scattering with a point thermomanometers based on two-element fiber Bragg structures for observing wells at a wellhead and at the end. Thus, according to the results of the research, the following principles are proposed: the principles of building combined fiber optic systems for the downhole thermometry to solve the problems of compensating for an influence of temperature in point manometry and to clarify the readings of Raman distributed sensors at their key points.
Capacitorless model of a VO2 oscillator
Authors: Belyaev M A , Velichko A A
Published: January 2020

We implement a capacitorless model of a VO2 oscillator by introducing into the circuit of a field-effect transistor and a VO2 thermal sensor, which provide negative current feedback with a time delay. We compare the dynamics of current and voltage oscillations on a switch in a circuit with a capacitor and without a capacitor. The oscillation period in the capacitorless model is controlled in a narrow range by changing the distance between the switch and the sensor. The capacitorless model provides the possibility of significant miniaturization of the oscillator circuit, and it is important for the implementation of large arrays of oscillators in oscillatory neural networks to solve the problem of classification and pattern recognition.