bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOGRAFÍA Y CARTOGRAFÍA: VÍNCULOS ACTUALES EN APOYO A LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D.
Published: June 2015

Los vínculos actuales entre Geografía y Cartografía están generados principalmente a través de las tecnologías digitales, de las cuales los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) ocupan un lugar central al ser considerados el núcleo de la Geoinformática. Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica han producido una innegable revolución tecnológica, pero principalmente han producido una notable revolución intelectual al trasladar conceptos del análisis espacial hacia un contexto de mayor amplitud que el de la Geografía, considerada la ciencia que le dio origen. La revolución tecnológica se encuentra estrechamente ligada con los métodos y técnicas que se han estandarizado para entender los modos de organización del espacio geográfico, en esta línea, los estudios de focalización espacial se vinculan a la cartografía como lenguaje privilegiado que supera ampliamente la condición tradicional del inventario.Por su parte, la revolución intelectual se encuentra relacionada a la forma en que se puede pensar la realidad, es decir, lograr un conocimiento preciso de la base empírica en la cual el ser humano desarrolla sus diversas actividades en el planeta. La vinculación actual entre Geografía y Cartografía supera la manifestación tecnológica para adentrarse en las relaciones teórico-metodológicas que surgen en el marco de la Geografía Aplicable/Aplicada. Sus resultados están claramente dirigidos a la búsqueda de respuestas concretas a problemáticas socioespaciales de diferente naturaleza, pero enmarcadas en un similar contexto: la dimensión espacial. En su interior, las respuestas estarán dirigidas a aspectos que puedan ser comprendidos a través de los conceptos de localización, distribución, asociación, interacción y evolución espacial. Desde esta perspectiva la Geografía es considerada como ciencia de la organización del territorio, la cual enmarcada en acciones voluntarias da lugar al ordenamiento territorial, el cual, realizado por la administración pública incluye dos grandes fases: planificación y gestión. En ambas los SIG y la Cartografía tienen incidencia, aunque desde el ámbito académico su mayor participación estaría dada en la fase de planificación realizando el diagnóstico y generando propuesta en apoyo a la toma de decisiones. La exposición se basará principalmente en la presentación de diferentes procedimientos que ejemplifican lo anteriormente expuesto, como el análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales, modelado cartográfico, evaluación multicriterio y modelos de localización-asignación, entre otros. En síntesis, la relación actual entre Geografía y Cartografía, sintetiza la confluencia entre desarrollos teórico-metodológicos como aportes fundamentales para la resolución de problemáticas socioespaciales concretas en la práctica del ordenamiento territorial.
ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA E CARTOGRAFIA DE SÍNTESE NO ESTUDO DA EROSÃO DOS SOLOS
Authors: Lima Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de , Pinto Sérgio Dos Anjos Ferreira , Landim Paulo Milton Barbosa
Published: June 2015

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a espacialização do potencial natural da erosão do solo, no contexto do modelo EUPS (Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo), através da utilização de técnica estatística multivariada e de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), em uma microbacia hidrográfica localizada na porção leste do Estado da Paraíba. O fator erodibilidade do solo foi gerado a partir de análise geoestatística de dados obtidos indiretamente, em ambiente SIG. Os fatores erosividade da chuva e práticas conservacionistas foram considerados constantes para toda a área, e inseridos manualmente no SIG. Os fatores declividade e extensão de vertentes, obtidos manualmente em cartas topográficas na escala 1:25.000, foram inseridos, também manualmente, no SIG. O fator uso da terra foi obtido por interpretação visual de fotografias aéreas e inserido manualmente no SIG. A formulação da EUPS foi aplicada em SIG para gerar mapa de potencial natural de erosão, e utilizando os mesmos fatores da EUPS foi utilizada a técnica estatística multivariada da análise fatorial das correspondências. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que é possível utilizar essa técnica estatística para integração e espacialização de dados originalmente numéricos utilizados em formulações matemáticas que permitem gerar mapa de síntese.
GEOGRAFIA, CARTOGRAFIA E O BRASIL AFRICANO: ALGUMAS REPRESENTAÇÕES
Authors: Anjos Rafael Sanzio Araújo
Published: June 2015

Dentre as questões estruturais relacionadas à cultura africana no Brasil que continuam merecendo investigação e conhecimento, destaca-se as relacionadas aos aspectos geográficos   e historiográficos da nossa formação territorial, geralmente tratadas sem as referências devidas às matrizes e ancestratlidades africanas “invisíveis” na sociedade brasileira.  O paper resgata as principais referências da geopolítica da diáspora África-América-Brasil e a configuração atual da população afrobrasileira contemporânea. O pensamento social preconceituoso ainda dominante e o desconhecimento da população do país, no que se refere ao continente africano e as suas relações com o Brasil, continuam sendo um dos entraves estruturais para uma perspectiva real de diminuição da exclusão e invisibilidade secular, assim como, a criação no setor decisório, das condições necessárias para a implementação eficaz de políticas públicas mais articuladas e com resultados satisfatórios, sobretudo, na educação e no espaço geográfico.
CARTOGRAFIA E SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NA AVALIAÇÃO DE DADOS COM ABORDAGEM ESPAÇO E TEMPO
Authors: Pereira Filho Waterloo
Published: June 2015

A localização e organização dos diferentes tipos de dados geográficos são importantes para a interpretação temas relacionados à Geografia. Erros de precisão cartográfica implicam em comprometimentos de desempenho de trabalhos científicos e de projetos empresariais. Este trabalho aborda a importância da precisão cartográfica e da estrutura dos dados geográficos em relação aos benefícios de integrar informações oriundas de diferentes origens. As estruturas em cadastro, rede, temático, modelo numérico do terreno e imagem são descritas associadas com os modos de representação pontual, linear e zonal. Benefícios de explorar dados com abordagem espaço e tempo são apresentados.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA E PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DE SOJA, NO MUNICÍPIO DE IBIRUBÁ-RS
Authors: Silva Robson Rigão da , Sartori Maria da Graça Barros , Wollmann Cássio Arthur
Published: June 2015

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar a relação entre precipitação pluviométrica e produtividade de soja no município de Ibirubá – RS, como estudo de caso, no período de 31 anos (1982 a 2012). Os resultados foram organizados conforme a proposta metodológica deste trabalho, ou seja, com base no critério de precipitação, a qual foi subdividida em: precipitação abaixo da habitual precipitação habitual e precipitação acima da habitual. Dessa forma, os totais de precipitação pluviométricas influenciam nos rendimentos da soja, mas verificou-se que a distribuição hídrica durante o ciclo fenológico, em destaque os momentos com maior exigência hídrica, fase vegetativa de emergência e reprodutiva de enchimento do grão, tornaram-se fundamentais para os rendimentos finais. Mesmo com a introdução de novas tecnologias nos cultivares, como a soja de crescimento indeterminado, a variabilidade da precipitação pluviométrica ainda é influente na produtividade.
INSTALAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS - PENSANDO A AVALIAÇÃO CONSTRUTIVA PARA SE TRABALHAR A GEOGRAFIA NA SALA DE AULA.
Authors: Ribeiro Emerson
Published: June 2015

O texto aqui explorado especifica uma abordagem diferente sobre a prática pedagógica e avaliação. Sabemos dos riscos empreendidos no diferente, mas é necessário quando pretendemos realizar algo novo. A prática inserida tem a pretensão de mostrar como o ensino de Geografia no ensino básico e na universidade pode encontrar também na Arte sua relação de ensino aprendizagem. O Processo consiste em trabalhar o conteúdo com abordagem lúdica, é aplicado um conteúdo teórico para uma manifestação prática – na forma de instalações, professor e aluno em conjunto constroem a instalação.  O exemplo por nós escolhido é apresentado na forma de instalações na Universidade Regional do Cariri no município de Crato/CE, com alunos do VI semestre.
OS CAMPOS GERAIS DO PARANÁ E A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA GEOMORFOLOGIA CLIMÁTICA
Authors: Martins Tiago Damas , Vieira Bianca Carvalho
Published: June 2015

No Brasil, especificamente na região dos Campos Gerais, no estado do Paraná, a ampliação das descrições das paisagens dadas por naturalistas e viajantes, ainda no século XIX, trouxe questionamentos quanto à ocorrência de vegetações distintas, como campos e cerrados, entremeadas em florestas úmidas nas zonas planálticas. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo central descrever as principais pesquisas sobre a origem da paisagem dos Campos Gerais do Paraná com base, sobretudo, nos preceitos da Geomorfologia Climática. Reinhard Maack foi um dos primeiros pesquisadores que identificou evidências geomorfológicas referentes às mudanças climáticas durante o Quaternário especialmente neste estado. Destacam-se na paisagem dos Campos Gerais, que se estendem por 19 mil km², características geológicas e geomorfológicas peculiares, abrigando grupos vegetacionais que remontam ao Pleistoceno. A beleza cênica da paisagem tem sido utilizada no desenvolvimento de projetos turísticos, em função, tanto do seu patrimônio natural, quanto pelo seu valor cultural.
Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in Women
Authors: Sumner Jennifer A. , Kubzansky Laura D. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Roberts Andrea L. , Agnew-Blais Jessica , Chen Qixuan , Cerdá Magdalena , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Spiegelman Donna , Suglia Shakira F. , Rimm Eric B. , Koenen Karestan C.
Published: June 2015

Background—

Psychological stress is a proposed risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the sentinel stress-related mental disorder, occurs twice as frequently in women as men. However, whether PTSD contributes to CVD risk in women is not established.

Methods and Results—

We examined trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in relation to incident CVD over a 20-year period in 49 978 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for CVD events confirmed by additional information or medical record review (n=548, including myocardial infarction [n=277] and stroke [n=271]). Trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms were assessed by using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and a PTSD screen. In comparison with no trauma exposure, endorsing ≥4 PTSD symptoms was associated with increased CVD risk after adjusting for age, family history, and childhood factors (hazard ratio,1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.13). Being trauma-exposed and endorsing no PTSD symptoms was associated with elevated CVD risk (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.83), although being trauma-exposed and endorsing 1 to 3 PTSD symptoms was not. After adjusting for adult health behaviors and medical risk factors, this pattern of findings was maintained. Health behaviors and medical risk factors accounted for 14% of the trauma/no symptoms–CVD association and 47% of the trauma/4+ symptoms–CVD association.

Conclusion—

Trauma exposure and elevated PTSD symptoms may increase the risk of CVD in this population of women. These findings suggest that screening for CVD risk and reducing health risk behaviors in trauma-exposed women may be promising avenues for prevention and intervention.
Parts and Wholes in Pictorial Art
Authors: Koenderink Jan
Published: June 2015

The part–whole relation is fundamental to the Gestalt description of visual awareness; therefore one expects it to play an equally important role in the visual arts. The formal science of parthood relations is mereology. Thus, it is natural to attempt to construct a mereological account of the structure of works of the visual arts. However, I argue in this paper that such a program is headed for failure. There are various reasons for this, perhaps the more interesting being that one deals with parallel pictorial worlds.
Aesthetic Judgements of Abstract Dynamic Configurations
Authors: Wright Damien , Bertamini Marco
Published: June 2015

To date, aesthetic preference for abstract patterns has mainly been examined in the relation to static stimuli. However, dynamic art forms (e.g., motion pictures, kinetic art) are arguably more powerful in producing emotional responses. To start the exploration of aesthetic preferences for dynamic stimuli (stripped of meaning and context) we conducted three experiments. Symmetrical or random configurations were created. Each line element had a local rotation, and the whole configuration also underwent a global transformation (horizontal translation, rotation, expansion, horizontal shear). Participants provided explicit preference ratings for these patterns. As expected results showed a preference for dynamic symmetrical patterns over random. When global transformations were compared, expansion was the preferred dynamic transformation whilst participants liked the horizontal shear transformation the least. Overall, these results show that preference for symmetry persists and is enhanced for dynamic stimuli, and that there are systematic preferences for global transformations.
A New Morphological Notation for the Music of Humpback Whales
Authors: Rothenberg David , Deal Michael
Published: June 2015

The humpback whale sings a song that defies easy characterization and human perception. This paper attempts to develop a new form a visual notation for this song which enables humans to better perceive its musicality, tonality and morphology, combining elements of sonographic and musical notations. The beauty of the humpback whale song is considered as to whether it is an inherent characteristic or a human projection.
The circumscription of problematic species of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossaceae) from Southern South America: a palynological approach
Authors: Meza Torres Esteban Ismael , Macluf Carmen Cecilia , Morbelli Marta Alicia , Ferrucci Maria Silvia
Published: June 2015

The genus Ophioglossum has around 25 species with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. It has historically posed a number of taxonomic problems due to the lack of morphological characters upon which to base species delimitations. In order to address this, we analyzed the sculpture patterns of spores from ten critical taxa from southern South America. Palynological data was compared with the morphology of the sporophyte. The sculpturing pattern was the most valuable and consistent taxonomic character upon which to base species delimitation in Ophioglossum. Nomenclatural types of studied species were examined. The name Ophioglossum melipillense is reinstated and the other species recognized to the genus Ophioglossum s.s. in this region are the following: O. crotalophoroides, O. nudicaule, O. opacum, and O. vulgatum. Ophioglossum fernandezianum appears to be a doubtful species. Ophioglossum lusitanicum is excluded from the study area, but the lectotype of O. lusitanicum is designated, and a revised synonymy is presented.
Revision of herbarium specimens of freshwater Enteromorpha-like Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) collected from Central Europe during the years 1849–1959
Authors: Rybak Andrzej Stanisław
Published: June 2015

This paper presents results concerning the taxonomic revision of Ulva taxa originating from herbarium specimens dating back to 1849–1959. A staining and softening mixture was applied to allow a detailed morphometric analysis of thalli and cells and to detect many morphological details. The study focused on individuals collected exclusively from inland water ecosystems (having no contact with sea water). Detailed analysis concerned the following items: structures of thalli and cells, number of pyrenoids per cell, configuration of cells inside the thallus, occurrence or not of branching thallus, shapes of apical cells, and shape of chromatophores. The objective of the study was to confirm the initial identifications of specimens of Ulva held in herbaria. The study sought to determine whether saltwater species of the genus Ulva, e.g., Ulva compressa and U. intestinalis, could have been found in European freshwater ecosystems in 19th and 20th centuries. Moreover, the paper presents a method for the initial treatment of voucher specimens for viewing stained cellular structures that are extremely vulnerable to damage (the oldest specimens were more than 160 years old). The use of a glycerine-based softening mixture allowed the detailed analysis of the anatomic structure of cells as well as the determination of the number and size of pyrenoids, i.e., some of the key taxonomic features of Ulva taxa. Most of specimens were identified as belonging to the species U. flexuosa. Marine species such as Ulva intestinalis or U. compressa were not confirmed to occur in the inland water ecosystems of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
A taxonomic synopsis of the Mexican species of Acianthera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) including a new species
Authors: Solano Rodolfo
Published: June 2015

Acianthera pollardiana is herein described as a new species based on specimens collected in Oaxaca, Mexico. Information concerning the distribution, habitat, phenology and conservation status for this taxon is provided. In addition, traits that distinguish this species from similar taxa are mentioned, and a line drawing, photograph, and a map of known localities are also shown. A taxonomic synopsis of Mexican Acianthera in which twenty species are accepted is also provided. Acianthera herrerae, whose presence has only previously been recorded in Guatemala, is here reported for first time for the Mexican flora. Acianthera javieri, A. markii, and A. martinezii are placed under the synonymy of A. angustisepala, A. tikalensis, and A. hondurensis, respectively. Moreover, an artificial key for Acianthera species is included in this synopsis and maps of known localities in Mexico are presented.
Taxonomic notes on Brazilian Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae)
Authors: Bastos Cláudia Araújo , Meneguzzo Thiago E. C. , Van den Berg Cássio
Published: June 2015

In a recent taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia, we detected a need for several nomenclatural changes. Among the most important, we present here the clarification of several synonyms: Encyclia kundergraberi, E. santanae and E. zaslawskiana are synonymized under E. andrichii; E. ghillanyi under E. jenischiana; E. tarumana under E. mapuerae; E. edithiana and E. maderoi under E. replicate; and E. marxiana under E. viridiflora. Additionally, we designate lectotypes for E. ionosma, E. jenischiana and E. maderoi and neotypes for E. mapuerae and E. tarumana.
Multi-gene phylogeny of Pithomyces with the sexual morph of P. flavus Berk. & Broome
Authors: J. Pratibha , Prabhugaonkar Ashish
Published: June 2015

Pithomyces flavus collected from litter of palm, Calamus thwaitesii from Dudhsagar, Goa, India is re-described as sexual morph of Astrosphaeriella vesuvius. Combine molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, SSU and RPB2 is provided to support this new connection and identity of sexual morph.
New species of Blaesodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tsingy karstic outcrops in Ankarana National Park, northern Madagascar
Authors: JONO TEPPEI , BAUER AARON M. , BRENNAN IAN , MORI AKIRA
Published: June 2015

We describe a new gecko of the genus Blaesodactylus from a karstic outcrop in deciduous dry forest of Ankarana National Park, northern Madagascar. Blaesodactylus microtuberculatus sp. nov., the fifth recognized species of Blaesodactylus, is distinguished from all other congeners, B. ambonihazo, B. antongilensis, B. boivini and B. sakalava by a combination of small, homogeneous gular granules, unspotted venter and lack of tubercles on distal part of original tail. Mitochondrial (ND2 and ND4) and nuclear (RAG-1) DNA identify a consistent divergence between B. microtuberculatus and its allotopic sister species B. boivini. We highlight habitat partitioning in these allotopic congeners where Blaesodactylus microtuberculatus inhabits karstic outcrops in Tsingy massif, and B. boivini dwells on tree trunks in deciduous dry forest.
Margaiostus sundukovi sp. nov., the first record of the genus in the Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: PROSVIROV ALEXANDER S.
Published: June 2015

The genus Margaiostus Stibick, 1978, previously known from North and South America, is recorded for the first time in the fauna of the Palaearctic region. M. sundukovi sp. nov. is described from the Far East of Russia. The position of this species within the genus and the distribution of Margaiostus are discussed.
The Thermodynamic and Microphysical Evolution of an Intense Snowband during the Northeast U.S. Blizzard of 8–9 February 2013
Authors: Ganetis Sara A. , Colle Brian A.
Published: June 2015

An intense snowband developed across Long Island, New York, to the north and west of the surface cyclone center on 8–9 February 2013. The snowband evolved through three distinct phases during its 12-h lifetime. During phase 1 the band developed in an area of low-to-midlevel frontogenesis and pivoted over central Long Island and southern Connecticut, where it remained for approximately 10 h. The environment surrounding the snowband cooled to <0°C; however, the band was collocated with a 900–700-hPa layer that remained above 0°C for ~5 h. During phase 2 the band exhibited heavy snowfall rates exceeding 7.5–10 cm h−1 with large and aggregated snow, wet-growth hail-like particles, and a radar reflectivity of ~55 dBZ. About 1 h later during phase 3, the snowband reflectivity decreased to near 30 dBZ and was characterized by less dense snow in a colder environment while still maintaining heavy snowfall rates (6.5–6.7 cm h−1). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to analyze the band and temperature evolution. Model trajectories terminating within the warmer snowband environment underwent rapid ascent on the east side of the band during which condensation and deposition enhanced the warming before undergoing rapid descent within the band. Analysis of the thermodynamic equation within the band environment revealed that this subsidence warming and upstream condensational heating for trajectories entering the band partially offset the diabatic cooling term, which supported a warmer layer and mixed precipitation during phase 2. Finally, model sensitivity tests showed that melting helped cool low levels and change the microphysical character to all snow during phase 3.
Vascular Complications Following Transradial and Transulnar Coronary Angiography in 1600 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Hahalis George , Tsigkas Grigorios , Kakkos Stavros , Panagopoulos Andreas , Tsota Irene , Davlouros Periklis , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Koniari Ioanna , Grapsas Nikos , Christodoulou Ioannis , Almpanis George , Leopoulou Marianna , Kounis Nicholas , Alexopoulos Dimitrios
Published: June 2015

Background:

Major, noncoronary complications are rarely encountered following transradial coronary procedures.

Methods and Results:

Among 1600 prospectively studied patients with complete follow-up, 7 patients experienced major complications following coronary forearm procedures corresponding to an incidence of 0.44%. We found inadvertent symptomatic intramyocardial contrast medium injection, 2 cases with compartment syndrome of which 1 was managed surgically, exertional hand ischemia due to radial artery occlusion, a large ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm, an ulnar arteriovenous fistula, and 1 critical hand ischemia due to late occlusion of the distal brachial artery.

Conclusions:

Although infrequent, surveillance for major complications should be encouraged after forearm coronary procedures.
It Might Not Make a Big DIF
Authors: Chalmers R. Philip , Counsell Alyssa , Flora David B.
Published: June 2015

Differential test functioning, or DTF, occurs when one or more items in a test demonstrate differential item functioning (DIF) and the aggregate of these effects are witnessed at the test level. In many applications, DTF can be more important than DIF when the overall effects of DIF at the test level can be quantified. However, optimal statistical methodology for detecting and understanding DTF has not been developed. This article proposes improved DTF statistics that properly account for sampling variability in item parameter estimates while avoiding the necessity of predicting provisional latent trait estimates to create two-step approximations. The properties of the DTF statistics were examined with two Monte Carlo simulation studies using dichotomous and polytomous IRT models. The simulation results revealed that the improved DTF statistics obtained optimal and consistent statistical properties, such as obtaining consistent Type I error rates. Next, an empirical analysis demonstrated the application of the proposed methodology. Applied settings where the DTF statistics can be beneficial are suggested and future DTF research areas are proposed.
A Simulation Study on Methods of Correcting for the Effects of Extreme Response Style
Authors: Wetzel Eunike , Böhnke Jan R. , Rose Norman
Published: June 2015

The impact of response styles such as extreme response style (ERS) on trait estimation has long been a matter of concern to researchers and practitioners. This simulation study investigated three methods that have been proposed for the correction of trait estimates for ERS effects: (a) mixed Rasch models, (b) multidimensional item response models, and (c) regression residuals. The methods were compared with respect to their ability of recovering the true latent trait levels. Data were generated according to a unidimensional model with only one trait, a mixed Rasch model with two populations of ERS and non-ERS, and a two-dimensional model incorporating a trait and an ERS dimension. The data were analyzed using the same models as well as linear regression where the trait estimate is regressed on an ERS score and the resulting residual is considered the corrected trait estimate. Over all conditions, the two-dimensional model achieved the best trait recovery, though the difference to the unidimensional model was rather small. Mixed Rasch models were in general inferior to the other correction methods. When the trait and ERS showed no to weak correlations, ERS appeared to have a minor impact on trait estimation.
Lived Experiences of Parents of Gifted Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rubenstein Lisa DaVia , Schelling Natalie , Wilczynski Susan M. , Hooks Elizabeth N.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this phenomenological, qualitative study was to illuminate the lived, shared experiences of parents of gifted children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Thirteen parents were interviewed and the interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. This article specifically examines the parents’ experiences navigating the educational system for their children. All participants described the challenges associated with finding appropriate educational placements for their children due to the children’s unique social and academic needs. Parents recognized the incompatibility between their child’s characteristics and typical educational environments, and this incompatibility required parents to take an active role in designing and finding appropriate educational opportunities. These findings provide insight for school personnel and parents as they develop flexible services for twice-exceptional students.
Novel MMP20 and KLK4 Mutations in Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Seymen F. , Park J.-C. , Lee K.-E. , Lee H.-K. , Lee D.-S. , Koruyucu M. , Gencay K. , Bayram M. , Tuna E.B. , Lee Z.H. , Kim Y.-J. , Kim J.-W.
Published: June 2015

In order to achieve highly mineralized tooth enamel, enamel proteinases serve the important function of removing the remaining organic matrix in the mineralization and maturation of the enamel matrix. Mutations in the kallikrein 4 ( KLK4), enamelysin ( MMP20), and WDR72 genes have been identified as causing hypomaturation enamel defects in an autosomal-recessive hereditary pattern. In this report, 2 consanguineous families with a hypomaturation-type enamel defect were recruited, and mutational analysis was performed to determine the molecular genetic etiology of the disease. Whole exome sequencing and autozygosity mapping identified novel homozygous mutations in the KLK4 (c.620_621delCT, p.Ser207Trpfs*38) and MMP20 (c.1054G>A, p.Glu352Lys) genes. Further analysis on the effect of the mutations on the translation, secretion, and function of KLK4 and MMP20 revealed that mutant KLK4 was degraded intracellularly and became inactive while mutant MMP20 was expressed at a normal level but secreted only minimally with proteolytic function.
Heuristic Self-Search Inquiry Into One Experience of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Ozertugrul Engin
Published: June 2015

The experiences of obsessive–compulsive individuals as expressed in first-person accounts have not been adequately explored. In this study, I used the heuristic self-search inquiry (HSSI) method and integral psychology framework to explore the process of self-healing during my encounters with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In previous heuristic works, researchers reported their thoughts and feelings from inner-dialogue, but the actual internal dialogue was not accessible to the reader. In this study, I self-dialogued my thoughts and feelings in real-time self-to-self conversation in which I was both “I-Researcher” (IR) and “I-Participant” (IP). In this format, the conversation between IR and IP was impromptu and immediately available to the readers of this article. Together, these approaches comprised a unique method for exploring my OCD experiences. The self-dialogue data were autobiographical and collected via informal conversational style, using hand-written notes and without audio recordings. I analyzed data with a dialogic/dialectic approach and with Moustakas’s analytic phases/processes. Interpretations revealed my experience of a curative transformation through reasoned (dialectical) and relational (dialogical) HSSI. The results indicated that my own OCD healing did not depend on corrective actions (as the biomedical model posits), but instead depended on changes in my own contextual existence. These findings suggest that dialogic/dialectic integrated HSSI is a useful tool for researchers, professionals, and people who face OCD daily because the results demonstrated that belief in one’s abilities can flourish in the presence of confusion and despair and can have profound positive effects in the healing process. This research provides a helpful contribution to the therapist-centered literature on OCD by providing a client-based perspective of the disorder and a potential pathway for self-healing.
Developmental Trajectories of Marijuana Use among Men
Authors: Pardini Dustin , Bechtold Jordan , Loeber Rolf , White Helene
Published: June 2015

Objectives:

Examine whether young men who chronically use marijuana are at risk for engaging in drug-related and non-drug-related criminal offending and exhibiting psychopathic personality features in their mid-30s.

Methods:

Patterns of marijuana use were delineated in a sample of predominately Black and White young men from adolescence to the mid-20s using latent class growth curve analysis. Self-report and official records of criminal offending and psychopathic personality features were assessed in the mid-30s. Analyses controlled for multiple factors indicative of a preexisting antisocial lifestyle and co-occurring use of other substances and tested for moderation by race.

Results:

Four latent marijuana trajectory groups were identified: chronic high, adolescence-limited, late increasing, and low/nonusers. Relative to low/nonusers, chronic high and late increasing marijuana users exhibited more adult psychopathic features and were more likely to engage in drug-related offending during their mid-30s. Adolescence-limited users were similar to low/nonusers in terms of psychopathic features but were more likely to be arrested for drug-related crimes. No trajectory group differences were found for violence or theft, and the group differences were not moderated by race.

Conclusions:

Young men who engage in chronic marijuana use from adolescence into their 20s are at increased risk for exhibiting psychopathic features, dealing drugs, and enduring drug-related legal problems in their mid-30s relative to men who remain abstinent or use infrequently.
Problems Without Ceilings
Authors: Thompson Jessica , Hagenah Sara , Lohwasser Karin , Laxton Kat
Published: June 2015

Support for new forms of teaching expertise with rigorous and equitable outcomes for student learning is a particular challenge when communities of actors working together do not share a similar language or vision of teaching practice. For this project, we coordinated activities in and outside of secondary science classrooms for cooperating teachers (CTs) and their preservice teachers (PSTs) to inquire into a set of research-based teaching practices and tools. Using frame analysis, we contrast three problems-of-practice addressed by 23 dyads: problems of developing novice teachers, problems of improving teaching, and problems of improving student learning. The last frame, improving student learning, required actors to share and co-create knowledge with members outside of their dyads. To do this, groups of dyads formed new or repurposed existing social networks to share tools and work on problems “without ceilings,” meaning those that fueled ongoing lines of inquiry. We describe ways in which knowledge became shared, actors assumed new roles, and new types of tools, activities, and forms of discourse emerged for contextualizing collective work. This study suggests a need for a systems-level approach to teacher education that focuses on institutional networks of shared tools, practices, and deliberate socioprofessional routines for improving practice.
Advances in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dale James
Published: June 2015

Modern early rheumatoid arthritis strategies are usually based upon a number of important overarching principles: 1. early diagnosis facilitates early commencement of disease modifying anti-rheumatic therapy; 2. early commencement of treatment reduces the long-term risk of erosive damage and functional decline; 3. composite disease activity measures should be used to quantify global rheumatoid arthritis disease activity; and 4. therapy should be intensified until a predefined disease activity target has been achieved. A substantial minority of rheumatoid arthritis patients (approximately 40%) will experience an adequate response to methotrexate monotherapy; however, the remainder may require disease modifying anti-rheumatic combination therapy, and/or biologic therapy, to achieve disease activity targets. Importantly, short term trials of methotrexate monotherapy do not appear to disadvantage outcomes provided treatment continues to be intensified if disease activity targets are not achieved.
Evaluating the physiological and perceptual responses of wearing a newly designed construction work uniform
Authors: Chan Albert PC , Yang Y , Guo YP , Yam Michael CH , Song WF
Published: June 2015

Properly selected fabrics and smartly designed uniform are essential to improve thermal and moisture performance of summer clothes. As compared to a commercial uniform (CON) that was commonly worn by construction workers, a newly designed work uniform (NEW) consists of a smartly designed short-sleeved shirt with superior air permeability and a pair of full-length pants with excellent overall moisture management capacity. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of NEW on combating body physiological and perceptual strain through conducting human wear trials in the laboratory experiment. Twelve participants took part in two trials (one with wearing NEW and another with wearing CON) on two experimental days. Each trial included a rest–intermittent running–recovery cycle inside a climatic chamber controlled at 34.5℃ and 75% relative humidity. The major findings manifested that the mean skin temperature ([Formula: see text]) of participants with NEW was significantly lower than that with CON toward a high running speed (8.5 km/h, 4% slope). During passive recovery, thermo-physiological strain (intestinal temperature ( Tin), [Formula: see text], and mean body temperature [Formula: see text]) of participants with NEW was significantly lower than that with CON. The perceptual strain of participants with NEW was significantly alleviated during exercise and post-exercise recovery periods as the participants felt cooler, drier, and more comfortable than those with CON. It was concluded that the newly designed work uniform is effective in alleviating thermo-physiological and perceptual strain during intermittent exercise and post-exercise recovery in hot and humid environment.
Detecting Intervention Effects in a Cluster-Randomized Design Using Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling for Binary Responses
Authors: Cho Sun-Joo , Preacher Kristopher J. , Bottge Brian A.
Published: June 2015

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is frequently used to detect group differences, such as an intervention effect in a pre-test–post-test cluster-randomized design. Group differences on the post-test scores are detected by controlling for pre-test scores as a proxy variable for unobserved factors that predict future attributes. The pre-test and post-test scores that are most often used in MLM are summed item responses (or total scores). In prior research, there have been concerns regarding measurement error in the use of total scores in using MLM. To correct for measurement error in the covariate and outcome, a theoretical justification for the use of multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) has been established. However, MSEM for binary responses has not been widely applied to detect intervention effects (group differences) in intervention studies. In this article, the use of MSEM for intervention studies is demonstrated and the performance of MSEM is evaluated via a simulation study. Furthermore, the consequences of using MLM instead of MSEM are shown in detecting group differences. Results of the simulation study showed that MSEM performed adequately as the number of clusters, cluster size, and intraclass correlation increased and outperformed MLM for the detection of group differences.
Does Race/Ethnicity or Socioeconomic Status Influence Patient Satisfaction in Pediatric Surgical Care?
Authors: Nieman Carrie L. , Benke James R. , Boss Emily F.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To evaluate patient satisfaction in outpatient pediatric surgical care and assess differences in scores by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).

Study Design

Observational, cross‐sectional analysis.

Setting

Outpatient pediatric surgical specialty clinics at a tertiary academic center.

Subject and Methods

Families of patients received a patient satisfaction survey following their initial care visit in 2012. Mean scores were calculated and compared by child race/ethnicity and insurance type, where insurance with medical assistance (MA) served as a proxy for low SES. Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used to compare scores between groups. Surveys were dichotomized to low and high scorers, and multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the likelihood of high satisfaction.

Results

Of 527 surveys completed, 132 (25%) were for children with MA and 143 (27%) were for racial/ethnic minority children. The overall satisfaction score for all specialties was 84.8, which did not significantly differ by SES (P =. 98) or minority status (P =. 52). The survey item with the highest score in both SES groups was “degree to which provider talked with you using words you could understand” (overall mean 91.94, P =. 23). Multivariate analysis showed that patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, neighborhood SES, neighborhood diversity, or surgical department did not significantly influence satisfaction.

Conclusion

This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between SES and race/ethnicity with patient satisfaction in outpatient pediatric surgical specialty care. In this analysis, no disparities were identified in the patient experience by individual‐ or community‐level factors. Although the survey methodologies may be limited, these findings suggest that provision of care in pediatric surgical specialties can be simultaneously equitable, culturally competent, and family centered.
Is Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring Warranted in Cases of 4D‐CT/Ultrasound Localized Single Adenomas?
Authors: Heineman Thomas E. , Kutler David I. , Cohen Marc A. , Kuhel William I.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To analyze the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who had evidence of single‐gland disease on preoperative imaging with modified 4‐dimensional computed tomography that was done in conjunction with ultrasonography (Mod 4D‐CT/US).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care university medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients were drawn from consecutive directed parathyroidectomies performed between December 2001 and June 2013 by the senior authors. All patients had primary hyperparathyroidism and underwent a Mod 4D‐CT/US study that showed findings on both studies that were consistent with a single adenoma. The modified Miami criteria were used for IOPTH monitoring (parathyroid hormone decrease by >50% and into the normal range).

Results

Of 356 patients who underwent parathyroid surgery, 206 had a single gland localized on the Mod 4D‐CT and the US studies. IOPTH monitoring was used in 172 cases, of which 169 had adequate clinical follow‐up to assess the surgical outcome. Twenty‐one patients (12.4%) had IOPTH values that did not meet modified Miami criteria after removal of one gland, of which 7 were found to have multigland disease (4.1%). Three patients (1.8%) had persistent primary hyperparathyroidism despite an IOPTH that met modified Miami criteria.

Conclusions

Although IOPTH monitoring correctly identifies a small percentage of patients with multigland disease, some patients will be subjected to unnecessary neck explorations that can result in difficult intraoperative decisions, such as whether to remove normal or equivocal‐sized glands when they are encountered.
Nonlinear factor recovery for long-term SLAM
Authors: Mazuran Mladen , Burgard Wolfram , Tipaldi Gian Diego
Published: June 2015

For long-term operations, graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches require nodes to be marginalized in order to control the computational cost. In this paper, we present a method to recover a set of nonlinear factors that best represents the marginal distribution in terms of Kullback–Leibler divergence. The proposed method, which we call nonlinear factor recovery (NFR), estimates both the mean and the information matrix of the set of nonlinear factors, where the recovery of the latter is equivalent to solving a convex optimization problem. NFR is able to provide either the dense distribution or a sparse approximation of it. In contrast to previous algorithms, our method does not necessarily require a global linearization point and can be used with any nonlinear measurement function. Moreover, we are not restricted to only using tree-based sparse approximations and binary factors, but we can include any topology and correlations between measurements. Experiments performed on several publicly available datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of the art with respect to the Kullback–Leibler divergence and the sparsity of the solution.
Evaluation of miR-122 as a Serum Biomarker for Hepatotoxicity in Investigative Rat Toxicology Studies
Authors: Sharapova T. , Devanarayan V. , LeRoy B. , Liguori M. J. , Blomme E. , Buck W. , Maher J.
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs involved in regulation of gene expression. Certain microRNAs, including miR-122, seem to have ideal properties as biomarkers due to good stability, high tissue specificity, and ease of detection across multiple species. Recent reports have indicated that miR-122 is a highly liver-specific marker detectable in serum after liver injury. The purpose of the current study was to assess the performance of miR-122 as a serum biomarker for hepatotoxicity in short-term (5–28 days) repeat-dose rat toxicology studies when benchmarked against routine clinical chemistry and histopathology. A total of 23 studies with multiple dose levels of experimental compounds were examined, and they included animals with or without liver injury and with various hepatic histopathologic changes. Serum miR-122 levels were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Increases in circulating miR-122 levels highly correlated with serum elevations of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH). Statistical analysis showed that miR-122 outperformed ALT as a biomarker for histopathologically confirmed liver toxicity and was equivalent in performance to AST and GLDH. Additionally, an increase of 4% in predictive accuracy was obtained using a multiparameter approach incorporating miR-122 with ALT, AST, and GLDH. In conclusion, serum miR-122 levels can be utilized as a biomarker of hepatotoxicity in acute and subacute rat toxicology studies, and its performance can rival or exceed those of standard enzyme biomarkers such as the liver transaminases.
Trends in Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in the United States
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Rosas Sam , Schairer William W. , McCormick Frank M. , Bach Bernard R. , Bush-Joseph Charles A. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: June 2015

Background:

Overuse injuries to the elbow in the throwing athlete are common. Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR), commonly known as Tommy John surgery, is performed on both recreational and high-level athletes. There is no current literature regarding the incidence and demographic distribution of this surgical procedure in relation to patient age, location within the Unites States, and sex.

Purpose:

To determine the current demographic distribution of UCLR within the US population included in the PearlDiver database.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the PearlDiver supercomputer database, a private-payer database, was performed to identify UCLR procedures performed between 2007 and 2011. The Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 24346 (reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow with the use of a tendinous graft) was used.

Results:

Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 790 patients underwent UCLR. The average (±SD) annual incidence was 3.96 ± 0.38 per 100,000 patients for the overall population but was 22 ± 3.4 for patients aged 15 to 19 years. The overall average annual growth was 4.2%. There were 695 males and 95 females. The 15- to 19-year-old patients accounted for significantly more procedures than any other age group (56.8%; P < .001), followed by 20- to 24-year-olds (22.2%). The incidence of UCLR in the 15- to 19-year-old group increased at an average rate of 9.12% per year ( P = .009). Significantly more UCLR procedures were performed in the southern United States than in any other region ( P < .001). The number of procedures significantly increased over time ( P = .039).

Conclusion:

According to this database of a privately insured population, UCLR was performed significantly more in patients aged 15 to 19 than any other age group. The average annual incidence of UCLR per 100,000 people for patients aged 15 to 19 was 22 ± 3.4. Further, this database showed that the number of UCLR procedures is increasing over time. Further work should address risk reduction efforts in this at-risk population.