bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment on Surface Topography and Dry Sliding Wear Performance of AA7075‐T6
Authors: Yarar Eser , Erturk Alpay Tamer , Karabay Sedat
Published: August 2024

Surface roughness significantly impacts the service life of materials, particularly in relation to fatigue and wear behavior. This study investigates the effects of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the wear performance and surface topography of AA7075‐T6 aluminum alloy. Experimental investigations are conducted using a specially designed vibration table to apply SMAT at low speeds, varying shot amount, and shot diameter. Surface roughness is measured using a 3D optical profilometer, and wear performance is evaluated through friction coefficient, wear rate, and microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscope. The results highlight several key findings. First, SMAT demonstrates the capability to yield smoother surfaces compared to equivalent processes, enhancing performance and applicability in engineering contexts. Second, SMATed samples exhibit increased surface roughness compared to untreated samples, underscoring the influence of SMAT on surface topography and its potential implications for wear resistance and frictional behavior. The comparative analysis shows that SMAT treatment increases surface roughness from 0.14 μm to a maximum of 0.24 μm. Finally, a notable reduction in friction coefficient, up to 22%, is observed in SMATed AA7075‐T6 samples, indicating the effectiveness of SMAT in improving tribological properties and enhancing component longevity subjected to frictional forces.
Wetting Dynamics Behavior of In Situ Generated Droplet on Micropore Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Chen Shuaifeng , Zhang Zan , Sun Yanhong , Wang Zhaochang , Tong Baohong
Published: August 2024

The pinning dynamic of oil droplet on micropore surface has a significant impact on the stability of the oil film. Herein, the numerical model of the oil droplet generated in situ at the orifices is established. The influence of pore parameters and the inlet pressure on the movement of the three‐phase contact line are explored. The transformation mechanism between pinning and spreading of the droplet is revealed. The result shows that due to the competition between the surface tension and the driving force, the flow field parameters at the pinning point become unstable. Until the three‐phase contact line is unpinned, the droplet spreads on the micropore surface. With the reduce of the contact angle or the increase of the diameter of the pore, the pinning time of the droplet is shortened, and the droplets spread faster on the micropore surface. As the inlet pressure increases, the droplets grow faster at the orifice and spread from the orifice until the apparent contact angle reaches its maximum forward angle. The spread promotes the regeneration of the lubricating film, which is conducive to improving the stability of the oil film on micropore surface.
Expediting Photo‐Charging of Semiconductors through a Bipolar Charge Storage Junction for Responsive Dark Photocatalysis
Authors: Yan Bingzhen , Ruan Qiushi , Wang Shiqi , Kong Lingqiao , Zhang Peigen , Wang Hui , Sun ZhengMing
Published: August 2024

Photo‐charging of semiconductors stores electrons for decoupled solar utilization, overcoming intermittent sunlight availability. However, the sluggish photo‐charging process impedes responsive charge storage. Herein, a bipolar charge storage junction is demonstrated to expedite the photo‐charging process within a renowned ionic‐CN/Co3O4 configuration, benefiting from their mismatched photo‐charging kinetics. Rapid photo‐hole storage associated with structural evolution at geometrically dependent Co sites in Co3O4 improves sluggish electron storage for ionic‐CN, while slow recovery of altered [CoO4] and [CoO6] structures delayed electron‐hole recombination. By passivating individual atomic sites, rapid hole storage is attributed to synergistic contributions of tetrahedral Co2⁺ and octahedral Co3⁺ species. The bipolar charge storage junction is photo‐charged at 0.86 A g−1, rivaling the electrical charging rate in ion batteries. With 60 s photo‐charging, the junction yields 0.27 mmol g−1 of “dark” hydrogen, the benchmark for such a short photo‐charging timeframe. This proof‐of‐concept design empowers the fast photo‐charging ability of bipolar charge storage junctions, advancing responsive photo‐charge storage for decoupled solar utilization.
In Situ Morphology Control for Solution‐Printable Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Bi Zhaozhao , Liu Chang , Ma Wei
Published: August 2024

The morphology of the photoactive layer plays an important role in both the photoelectric effect and device performance of solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs). Optimizing the morphology requires precise control over the complex film formation kinetics, which are influenced by a range of factors from the solution state to the solid‐film state. This review delves into the in situ characterization technologies employed to understand the active layer formation process and explores strategies for controlling film formation during key stages, including solution aggregation, nucleation, crystal growth, and phase separation. Special attention is given to the mechanism by which these strategies enable real‐time morphology control during the printing process and their potential to facilitate direct printing of active layers with optimized morphology. The goal is to offer valuable insights and guidance for managing film formation kinetics in solution‐processed OSCs, ultimately addressing the challenges of real‐time morphology control in scale‐up printing and paving the way for high‐throughput production of post‐processing‐free devices.
Strongly Coupled NiMo@Alloy‐LDH Interfaces with Low‐Barrier Schottky Junctions for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yin Chaojie , Zhou Fanghe , Wu Jiang , Zhang Xin , Wen Jili , Zhu Rui , Ma Mei , Yoriya Sorachon , He Ping , Fang Qi , Wang Jiachao , An Guangyang
Published: August 2024

The main challenge in developing Schottky‐contact OER catalytic devices based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is to achieve metal–semiconductor junctions with low contact resistance and high charge transfer capacity. However, due to the presence of high potential barriers and Fermi pinning, conventional Schottky contacts are usually unsatisfactory, resulting in poor‐working electrode performance and high energy consumption. In this study, a new concept of “hindrance factor” is introduced to quantify the difficulty of electron transfer, and a low‐hindrance factor Schottky contact formed by strong coupling of semiconductor LDH and NiMo alloy clusters is designed. This interface guides charge redistribution, optimizes the bonding and orbital states of adsorption sites, and enhances the targeted adsorption of OH intermediates. The results show that the configured NiMo@NiFeCe‐LDH working electrode only needs 1.445 V (vs RHE) to drive the reaction and shows excellent durability in 400 h of testing. At the same time, based on this study, a strategy for screening high‐performance Schottky junctions is developed. This strategy provides a bridge for studying interface properties, orbital hybridization, and charge transfer, reveals the potential mechanism for reducing contact resistance, and has important guiding significance for screening high‐performance metal–semiconductor electrocatalysts and stability.
A Perspective of Tailoring Dielectric Genes for 2D Materials Toward Advanced Electromagnetic Functions
Authors: Cao Wen‐Qiang , Zhang Min , Cao Mao‐Sheng
Published: August 2024

2D materials and their composites with electromagnetic properties are becoming increasingly popular. Obtaining insight into the nature of electromagnetic (EM) response manipulation is imperative to guide scientific research and technological exploitation at such a critical time. From this perspective, the dielectric genes of 2D material hybrids have been highlighted based on the recent literature. This endows an unlimited possibility of manipulating the EM response, even at elevated temperatures. The definitions and criteria of dielectric genes toward 2D material hybrids and composites are systematically clarified and summarized. The dielectric gene categories are successfully discriminated, including the conduction networks, intrinsic defects, impurity defects, and interfaces in the composite, and their temperature evolution is revealed in detail. More importantly, tuning strategies for microwave absorption, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and expanded electromagnetic functions are thoroughly discussed. Finally, significant predictions are provided for multispectral electromagnetic functions, and future applications of multifunctional exploration are anticipated. Dielectric genes will open an unexpected horizon for advanced functional materials in the coming 5G/6G age, providing a significant boost to promoting environmental electromagnetic protection, electromagnetic devices, and next‐generation smart devices.
Enthesitis on Chip – A Model for Studying Acute and Chronic Inflammation of the Enthesis and its Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Giacomini Francesca , Rho Hoon Suk , Eischen‐Loges Maria , Tahmasebi Birgani Zeinab , van Blitterswijk Clemens , van Griensven Martijn , Giselbrecht Stefan , Habibović Pamela , Truckenmüller Roman
Published: August 2024

Enthesitis, the inflammation of the enthesis, which is the point of attachment of tendons and ligaments to bones, is a common musculoskeletal disease. The inflammation often originates from the fibrocartilage region of the enthesis as a consequence of mechanical overuse or ‐load and consequently tissue damage. During enthesitis, waves of inflammatory cytokines propagate in(to) the fibrocartilage, resulting in detrimental, heterotopic bone formation. Understanding of human enthesitis and its treatment options is limited, also because of lacking in vitro model systems that can closely mimic the pathophysiology of the enthesis and can be used to develop therapies. In this study, an enthes(it)is‐on‐chip model is developed. On opposite sides of a porous culture membrane separating the chip's two microfluidic compartments, human mesenchymal stromal cells are selectively differentiated into tenocytes and fibrochondrocytes. By introducing an inflammatory cytokine cocktail into the fibrochondrocyte compartment, key aspects of acute and chronic enthesitis, measured as increased expression of inflammatory markers, can be recapitulated. Upon inducing chronic inflammatory conditions, hydroxyapatite deposition, enhanced osteogenic marker expression and reduced secretion of tissue‐related extracellular matrix components are observed. Adding the anti‐inflammatory drug celecoxib to the fibrochondrocyte compartment mitigates the inflammatory state, demonstrating the potential of the enthesitis‐on‐chip model for drug testing.
High‐Performance Sheet‐Type Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Batteries Enabled by Dual‐Function Li4.4Si Alloy‐Modified Nano Silicon Anodes
Authors: Jing Shenghao , Lu Yang , Huang Yuting , Liu Hanzhou , Shen YuXing , Kuang Wuqi , Shen Huaqing , Liu Siliang , Zhang Zongliang , Liu Fangyang
Published: August 2024

The silicon‐based anodes are one of the promising anodes to achieve the high energy density of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Nano silicon (nSi) is considered as a suitable anode material for assembling sheet‐type sulfide ASSBs using thin free‐standing Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) membrane without causing short circuit. However, nSi anodes face a significant challenge in terms of rapid capacity degradation during cycling. To address this issue, dual‐function Li4.4Si modified nSi anode sheets are developed, in which Li4.4Si serves a dual role by not only providing additional Li+ but also stabilizing the anode structure with its low Young's modulus upon cycling. Sheet‐type ASSBs equipped with the Li4.4Si modified nSi anode, thin LPSC membrane, and LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM811) cathode demonstrate exceptional cycle stability, with a capacity retention of 96.16% at 0.5 C (1.18 mA cm−2) after 100 cycles and maintain stability for 400 cycles. Furthermore, a remarkable cell‐level energy density of 303.9 Wh kg−1 is achieved at a high loading of 5.22 mAh cm−2, representing a leading level of sulfide ASSBs using electrolyte membranes at room temperature. Consequently, the chemically stable slurry process implemented in the fabrication of Li4.4Si‐modified nSi anode sheet paves the way for scalable applications of high‐performance sulfide ASSBs.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Direct Z‐Scheme K4Nb6O17/Carbon‐Rich Melon Heterostructures
Authors: Avcıoğlu Celal , Gurlo Aleksander , Bekheet Maged F.
Published: August 2024

Melon (also known as graphitic carbon nitride, g‐C3N4) holds promise for photocatalysis, but challenges such as severe charge recombination, low oxidation potential, and sluggish exciton dissociation hinder its performance. Herein, a series of carbon‐rich, melon‐based photocatalysts are synthesized via one‐pot, temperature‐induced condensation of urea with the addition of a trace amount of citric acid. The addition of citric acid enhances crystallinity, extends melon chains, increases the C/N ratio, and improves π–π layer stacking of heptazine units, thereby enhancing charge transport properties and visible‐light harvesting capacity. These carbon nitride samples are then coupled with molten salt synthesized K4Nb6O17 crystals by a straightforward self‐assembly method to construct 2D/2D heterostructure photocatalysts. Z‐scheme electron transfer from K4Nb6O17 to the melon samples is established based on their work functions and band edge positions. This efficient charge transfer in the Z‐scheme heterostructure facilitates the spatial separation of charge carriers, resulting in a nearly fivefold enhancement in photocatalytic performance compared to the individual constituents.
The SINA1‐BSD1 Module Regulates Vegetative Growth Involving Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato
Authors: Yuan Yulin , Fan Youhong , Huang Li , Lu Han , Tan Bowen , Ramirez Chloe , Xia Chao , Niu Xiangli , Chen Sixue , Gao Mingjun , Zhang Cankui , Liu Yongsheng , Xiao Fangming
Published: August 2024

In plants, vegetative growth is controlled by synergistic and/or antagonistic effects of many regulatory factors. Here, the authors demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia1 (SINA1) mammalian BTF2‐like transcription factors, Drosophila synapse‐associated proteins, and yeast DOS2‐like proteins (BSD1) function as a regulatory module to control vegetative growth in tomato via regulation of the production of plant growth hormone gibberellin (GA). SINA1 negatively regulates the protein level of BSD1 through ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation, and the transgenic tomato over‐expressing SINA1 (SINA1‐OX) resembles the dwarfism phenotype of the BSD1‐knockout (BSD1‐KO) tomato plant. BSD1 directly activates expression of the BSD1‐regulated gene 1 (BRG1) via binding to a novel core BBS (standing for BSD1 binding site) binding motif in the BRG1 promoter. Knockout of BRG1 (BRG1‐KO) in tomato also results in a dwarfism phenotype, suggesting BRG1 plays a positive role in vegetative growth as BSD1 does. Significantly, GA contents are attenuated in transgenic SINA1‐OX, BSD1‐KO, and BRG1‐KO plants exhibiting dwarfism phenotype and exogenous application of bioactive GA3 restores their vegetative growth. Moreover, BRG1 is required for the expression of multiple GA biosynthesis genes and BSD1 activates three GA biosynthesis genes promoting GA production. Thus, this study suggests that the SINA1‐BSD1 module controls vegetative growth via direct and indirect regulation of GA biosynthesis in tomato.
Physically hybrid Zr(OH)4 + CuO catalyzed selective aniline oxidation: A new Ph‐N˙OH mediated mechanism
Authors: Qin Jiaheng , Liu Chong , Zhao Feng , Fan Tongtong , Ma Zheng‐Lan , Ma Jiantai , Long Yu
Published: August 2024

Developing the sustainable and cost‐effective heterogeneous catalytic system for controlling chemoselectivity holds substantial importance in fine organic chemicals. Herein we construct a unique Zr(OH)4 + CuO physically hybrid system for selective oxidation of anilines. Zr(OH)4 alone leads to azoxybenzene formation, and Zr(OH)4 + CuO shifts the reaction favorably toward nitrosobenzene. The proximity study indicates Zr(OH)4 + CuO outperforms its counterparts synthesized through methods like ball‐milling, loading, and coprecipitation, because the closer proximity exhibits stronger chemical interaction, restricting the activity of Zr‐OH hydroxyl sites. Through mechanistic experiments, in situ DRIFT‐IR and DFT calculations, a new Ph‐OH intermediate mechanism is firstly proposed. Two Ph‐OH self‐condensate to form azoxybenzene for only Zr(OH)4, whereas Zr(OH)4 + CuO could promote rapid transformation of Ph‐OH to nitrosobenzene on CuO through a hydrogen transfer process. Moreover, Zr(OH)4 + CuO displays good recyclability and robust scalability. This is the first report demonstrating the utilization of a physically hybrid catalyst to adjust the selectivity of the aniline oxidation reaction.
Topological Optical Waveguiding of Exciton‐Polariton Condensates
Authors: Beierlein J. , Egorov O. A. , Gagel P. , Harder T. H. , Wolf A. , Emmerling M. , Betzold S. , Jabeen F. , Ma L. , Höfling S. , Peschel U. , Klembt S.
Published: August 2024

1D models with topological non‐trivial band structures are a simple and effective way to study novel and exciting concepts in topological photonics. In this work, the propagation of light‐matter quasi‐particles, so‐called exciton‐polaritons, is studied in waveguide arrays. Specifically, topological states are being investigated at the interface between dimer chains, characterized by a non‐zero winding number. In order to exercise precise control over the polariton propagation, non‐resonant laser excitation, as well as resonant excitation, are studied in transmission geometry. The results highlight a new platform for the study of quantum fluids of light and non‐linear optical propagation effects in coupled semiconductor waveguides.
Expanding the Horizons of Suzuki Reactions: Pd‐PEPPSI–Mediated Traditional and Decarbonylative Couplings With Diverse Assure Analogues
Authors: Sreeshitha Mandapalli , Hong Gang , Indira Meeniga , Banu Shaik Farheen , Vasu Govardhana Reddy Peddiahgari
Published: August 2024

We have developed a highly efficient, ligand‐free Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling protocol employing our lab‐prepared air and moisture‐stable Pd‐PEPPSI catalysts. The reaction of ethyl 2‐{4‐[(6‐chloroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)oxy]phenoxy}propionate (Assure) with various boronic acids afforded both traditional and decarbonylative coupling products in high yields. The catalyst's steric influence was assessed computationally using %Vbur calculations. The decarbonylative coupling pathway proved more efficient than the traditional Suzuki–Miyaura coupling under these conditions. Additionally, regioselectivity studies have been conducted on a variety of Assure analogues. This method excels in efficiency, requiring minimal catalyst, moderate temperatures, and rapid reaction completion.
Bis(thiosemicarbazide)gallium(III) Complexes as Potent Anticancer Agents by ROS Induction and Mitochondrial Pathway Activation
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Wu Yuanyuan , Yang Yun , Du Jia‐Jia , Sang Ruoxi , Zhou Sihan , Li Xiangyu , Feng Qihong , Zhao Qihua , Xu Jingyuan , Xie Mingjin
Published: August 2024

A series of bis(thiosemicarbazide)gallium (III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, single‐crystal x‐ray crystallography, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The cytotoxicity of these gallium(III) complexes (CP 1–4) was subsequently evaluated against HCT‐116, HeLa, MDA‐MB‐231, and A549 cancer cell lines, as well as the normal cell line LO2, by MTT assays. The results indicated that CP‐1 displayed potent inhibitory effects against human colorectal cancer cells (HCT‐116) (IC50 = 0.03 ± 0.01) and human breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) (IC50 = 0.02 ± 0.01), significantly outperforming cisplatin. Moreover, CP‐2 exhibited notable selectivity towards MDA‐MB‐231 cells (IC50 = 5.01 ± 0.40) with minimal toxicity towards normal cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that treatment with CP 1–2 led to elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in cell cycle arrest at different phases. Specifically, CP‐1 induced G2/M phase arrest, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, whereas CP‐2 hindered DNA synthesis (S phase) to impede cell proliferation. Furthermore, both CP‐1 and CP‐2 caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated strong interactions between CP 1–2 and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) at the molecular level. These findings suggest that CP‐1 and CP‐2 serve as potential anticancer agents, particularly showing promising potential in the treatment of breast cancer.
Royal Jelly–Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Show Promising Anticancer Effect on HeLa and A549 Cells Through Modulation of the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 Pathway
Authors: Kocharyan Meri , Marutyan Syuzan , Nadiryan Edita , Ginovyan Mikayel , Javrushyan Hayarpi , Marutyan Seda , Avtandilyan Nikolay
Published: August 2024

In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized various sectors, particularly in nanomedicine, where nanomaterials are used for diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stand out due to their remarkable antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Traditional chemical synthesis of AgNPs poses significant environmental and health risks. This study introduces a novel, eco‐friendly synthesis method using royal jelly (RJ), a nutrient‐rich secretion from honeybees, to produce AgNPs with potent anticancer effects. Our research provides a detailed investigation into RJ‐mediated AgNPs’ modulation of the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 pathway in HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. AgNP characterization was performed by applying UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Cell signaling system components were determined by ELISA analysis. The cells were subjected to staining with hematoxylin and eosin to visualize the treatment’s effects. This study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using RJ and its bioactivity against cancer cells. It provides a detailed characterization of the nanoparticles and examines their effects on cancer cells, specifically HeLa cervical cancer and A549 lung cancer cell lines. Green synthesized AgNPs demonstrate significant cytotoxic effects against HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to their anticancer activity were elucidated. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in arginase activity upon exposure to AgNPs, accompanied by reductions in PI3K and phosphorylated and total Akt levels, indicative of pathway inhibition. Additionally, RJAgNP demonstrated a capacity to reduce nitric oxide levels and suppress angiogenesis‐related factors like VEGF and MMP‐2 and inflammation‐related factors like TNF‐α and COX‐2, thus impeding angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, our results shed light on the involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in mediating apoptotic pathways, as evidenced by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the corresponding decrease in Akt levels, ultimately promoting death in cancer cells. Our study contributes significantly to the field of nanomedicine and cancer therapy by introducing the use of green synthesis AgNPs using RJ and providing in‐depth insights into their molecular mechanisms of anticancer action. Our research findings demonstrate the anticancer potential of RJ‐AgNPs by targeting the VEGFa/PI3K/Akt/MMP‐2 pathway and modulation of ROS/RNS in cancer cells.
Single‐Pot Synthesis and Optimization of CCF@GO Nanocatalyst for Efficient Direct Oxidative Amidation of Carboxylic Acids and N,N‐Dialkylformamides
Authors: Pawar Mahesh A. , Nakhate Akhil V. , Ugemuge Priti V. , Kadu Samidha S. , Tekade Pradip V.
Published: August 2024

In this study, an efficient catalytic protocol using CuCoFe2O4@GO (CCF@GO) for the synthesis of amide bond (−CONH−) via direct coupling of carboxylic acids and N,N‐dialkylformamides is presented. The CCF@GO nanocatalyst has been synthesized via a single‐pot solvothermal method, by changing the proportions of copper and cobalt (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). Catalyst screening, employing a model reaction with benzoic acid and dimethylformamide (DMF), revealed that the 1:1 proportion of CCF@GO catalyst exhibited excellent efficiency, achieving a high conversion (98%) towards amide formation. The enhanced catalytic efficiency observed in CCF@GO catalysts can be ascribed to the uniform distribution of active copper and cobalt species on the graphene oxide support, which possesses a high surface area. Optimization of the reaction was conducted by varying parameters such as temperature, solvent, catalyst loading, and oxidant. The prepared catalyst was characterized using various analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, EDX mapping, and TEM. Furthermore, this heterogeneous nanocatalyst demonstrated recoverability using an external magnet and reused up to five times with just a modest loss of catalytic performance.
Leveraging Consistent Communication Tools and Organizational Values to Promote Accountability Among Health Care Providers
Authors: Baldwin Cynthia A. , Krumm Alice M.
Published: August 2024

Teamwork and effective communication between all health care staff members are essential to providing safe, high‐quality patient care. High‐reliability organizations align behavioral expectations with organizational values and prioritize safety over other performance metrics and pressures. Communication breakdowns, such as inadequate or incomplete information shared between caregivers, continues to be an issue that is linked to errors and staff member dissatisfaction. Initiatives to improve health care communication and improve patient outcomes are well documented, yet communication issues in the health care setting continue. An organization's credo defines its values and behavioral expectations. Educating team members on an organization's credo creates accountability among those teams to align their behavior with the organization's values, policies, and professional commitment. A Coworker Observation Reporting System offers a communication method for providing meaningful feedback on behaviors inconsistent with an organization's credo.
Preparation of a novel polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membrane modified with graphene oxide nanoparticle derived from plastic waste for wastewater purification
Authors: Heidari Behnoush , Mahmoudi Jafar , Hedayat Seyyed Mahdi , Masoomi Seyyed Roohollah
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration membrane with graphene oxide (GO) that was synthesized from the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) bottles. The amount of GO loading in the membrane structure was 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 wt%. x‐ray diffractometer, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (CA), water content, porosity, mechanical strength were used to characterize the synthesized membranes. Cross‐sectional SEM results of membranes indicated that the modification of the membrane caused the formation of finger‐like pores in the bottom part and also these holes increased the dye rejection efficiency in the membranes of (18 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP/0.15 wt% GO) and (14 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP/0.25 wt% GO). The CA of the synthesized membranes were decreased from 70 in (18 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP) to 62 in (14 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP/0.15 wt% GO), which indicates the increase in hydrophilicity of these membranes. The results showed that the best performance is related to the membranes (18 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP/0.15 wt% GO) and (14 wt% PVC/2 wt% PVP/0.25 wt% GO) with a rejection efficiency of 92% and 83% for 100 ppm methyl blue.
Nucleating agent for polypropylene comprising the calcium salt of 4‐methyl‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Inoue Mitsuko , Matsumoto Kazuya , Iwasaki Shohei , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: August 2024

In the present study, a novel crystalline nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (PP) comprising the calcium salt of 4‐methyl‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid (MHPA‐Ca) is developed. The performance of the nucleating agent is evaluated by determining the crystallization temperature and isothermal crystallization period of the PP by differential scanning calorimetry, and comparing them with those obtained using the calcium salt of cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid (HHPA‐Ca), which is one of the most effective nucleating agents for PP. The results demonstrate that the nucleating ability of MHPA‐Ca is much stronger than that of HHPA‐Ca. Consequently, an injection‐molded plate containing MHPA‐Ca has a high degree of chain orientation.
Life After Death: Re‐Purposing End‐of‐Life Supercapacitors for Electrochemical Water Desalination
Authors: Ren Panyu , Torkamanzadeh Mohammad , Arnold Stefanie , Pameté Emmanuel , Presser Volker
Published: August 2024

This study explores the potential of re‐purposing end‐of‐life commercial supercapacitors as electrochemical desalination cells, aligning with circular economy principles. A commercial 500‐Farad supercapacitor was disassembled, and its carbon electrodes underwent various degrees of modification. The most straightforward modification involved NaOH‐etching of the aluminum current collector to produce free‐standing carbon films. More advanced modifications included CO2 activation and binder‐added wet processing of the electrodes. When evaluated as electrodes for electrochemical desalination via capacitive deionization of low‐salinity (20 mM) NaCl solutions, the minimally modified NaOH‐etched carbon electrodes achieved an average desalination capacity of 5.8 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency of 80 %. In contrast, the CO2‐activated, wet‐processed electrodes demonstrated an improved desalination capacity of 7.9 mg g−1 and a charge efficiency above 90 % with stable performance over 20 cycles. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of recycling supercapacitors for sustainable water desalination applications, offering a promising avenue for resource recovery and re‐purposing in pursuing environmental sustainability.
Reference‐Dependent Risk‐Taking in the NBA
Authors: Mochon Daniel
Published: August 2024

This paper examines whether risk preferences in the NBA are reference‐dependent and attempts to identify the reference point. Using data from 10 NBA seasons (12,890 games), I find that teams are more likely to attempt a riskier three‐point shot (vs. a less risky two‐point shot) when below the reference point than above it, consistent with Prospect Theory. The results further show that teams are not influenced by a single fixed reference point, but instead, their choices depend on the score difference, most recent score change, and pregame expectations. Additionally, the weight given to the reference point changes over the course of the game. Teams show a breakeven effect, such that they are more likely to attempt a three‐point shot when doing so can tie the game. They also show behavior consistent with mental accounting, as the reference point carries more weight at the end of a quarter than at the beginning. These results provide further real‐world evidence for reference‐dependent risk preferences while highlighting the challenge of applying reference‐dependent models to real‐world settings.
Whole Exome Sequencing Revealing a Novel PBX1 Gene Variant in a Chinese Family Causing Recurrent Neonatal Death
Authors: Huang Nan , Zhang Hegan , Huang Zhengping , Wu Xiaoxia , Zhang Na , Jiang Yuying , Chen Chunnuan , Zhuang Jianlong
Published: August 2024

Background

Causative mutations of PBX1 are associated with congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), often accompanied by hearing loss, abnormal ear morphology, or developmental delay. The aim of the present investigation was to introduce a novel variant in the PBX1 gene identified in a Chinese family, leading to recurrent neonatal mortality.

Methods

A pregnant woman (gravida 5, para 0), who had experienced recurrent neonatal deaths, sought genetic etiology diagnosis. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted to identify sequence variants and copy number variants in the fetus presenting with posterior nuchal cystic hygroma and fetal hydrops.

Results

A novel NM_002585.4:c.694G>C(p.D232H) in PBX1 was identified in the fetus through trio whole exome sequencing (WES), revealing a paternal mosaic PBX1 variant in blood at 11.54% (6/52 variants reads). Subsequent parental Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant detected by WES. Ultimately, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic, leading the family to elect pregnancy termination at 17 weeks gestation.

Conclusion

The novel variant in the PBX1 gene appears to be a significant factor contributing to recurrent neonatal deaths in the Chinese family. Such findings expand the spectrum of PBX1 gene variants and provide valuable perinatal guidance for diagnosing fetuses with PBX1 mutations.
Harnessing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in neuroblastoma
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Sajad , Bagherzadeh Omid , Sargazi Meysam , Kalantar Farnaz , Najafi Mohammad Amin Elahi , Vahedi Mohammad Mahdi , Afshari Amir R. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2024

Neuroblastomas are the most common solid tumors outside of the brain that originate from immature neural crest cells, accounting for about 10% of all pediatric malignancies. The treatment for neuroblastomas involves a multimodal schedule, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All these modalities are limited by side effects that might be severe, poor prognosis, and a high risk of recurrence. In the quest for additional therapeutic approaches, phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their reported antitumor properties, safety, and multimechanistic mode of action. Several studies have used plant‐derived bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting modulation of biomolecules and signal transduction pathways involved in neuroblastoma. We reviewed the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytochemicals on neuroblastoma, shedding light on their molecular mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications.
Elucidating plasmon damping in silver‐coated gold nanorods: Single particle analysis and damping adjustment
Authors: Raihana Syam Rafifah Hana , Ha Ji Won
Published: August 2024

We demonstrate the morphology and spectral properties of silver‐coated gold nanorods (AuNRs@Ag), synthesized via seed‐mediated growth, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dark‐field (DF) spectroscopy. The relationship between surface damping and the thickness of the Ag shell in AuNRs was analyzed at the single‐particle level. Additionally, we adjusted the bulk damping and radiation damping of AuNRs to elucidate the contribution of surface damping. SEM images demonstrated an increase in length and width following Ag deposition. Elemental mapping analysis confirmed the Ag deposition on the AuNR surface, with Ag content measured at 26.7% for AuNR@Ag26.7 with a 1‐day incubation period and 34.8% for AuNR@Ag34.8 with a 2‐day incubation period. DF spectroscopy revealed a notable blue shift and slight broadening in their LSPR spectra. Moreover, surface damping decreased with an increase in Ag content. Consequently, this study advances the understanding of plasmon damping mechanisms in single AuNR@Ag for their potential applications.
Specific DNA aptamer–immobilized cryogel membranes as novel bioaffinity supports and their potential for the purification of activated protein C
Authors: Aliyeva Nilufer , Akgönüllü Semra , Erdem Arzum , Denizli Adil
Published: August 2024

Activated protein C (APC), a serine protease produced from zymogen protein C (PC), is the key enzyme of the protein C pathway. APC has anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, and cytoprotective features. APC has recently been shown to significantly reduce coagulation as well as mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Herein, we aimed to develop an affinity support material that allows the purification of plasma APC for the first time. In this research, a novel APC‐specific DNA aptamer–based poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA‐GMA/DNA‐Apt)) macroporous cryogel membrane at different molar ratios was prepared using affinity binding method and their potential for purification and identification of APC was investigated. The DNA aptamer–immobilized cryogels were characterized to examine their structural and morphological properties. The effect of pH, initial concentration, temperature, ionic strength difference, and flow rate changes was examined. Selectivity studies were performed in the presence of APC and competitive proteins, and cryogel support materials were shown to have a very high affinity for APC. Adsorption capacity was found to be 89.02 mg/g. Finally, NaCl revealed efficiency for APC desorption and the reuse of cryogels was successfully tested for ten cycles.
Risk factors for lenvatinib‐induced palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Uekusa Shusuke , Nemoto Maho , Hanai Yuki , Nakashin Misaki , Yanagino Sachiko , Arita Yoshiki , Matsumoto Takahiro , Wakui Noritaka , Nagai Hidenari , Higai Koji , Matsuo Kazuhiro
Published: August 2024

Aim

Lenvatinib mesylate (LEN) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC treatment with LEN is associated with a very high incidence of adverse events. This study was aimed at investigating the incidence of LEN‐induced palmar‐planter erythrodysesthesia syndrome (PPES) and its relationship with patient demographics by analyzing clinical laboratory data of LEN‐treated patients with HCC.

Methods

This was a single‐centre, retrospective study of patients with HCC who received LEN between April 19, 2018, and September 30, 2020. The observation period was from 1 week before the start of LEN administration to 1 month after the end of administration.

Results

Overall, 75 patients with HCC were enrolled. LEN‐induced PPES was found in 48.0% (36/75 patients). In these patients, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GTP) and monocytes (MONO) were significantly high (ALP: p = 1.32 × 10−3, γ‐GTP: p = 4.25 × 10−3 and MONO: p = 0.013). The cut off values of ALP, γ‐GTP and MONO for LEN‐induced PPES were estimated at 573 U/L, 89 U/L, and 310 counts/μL, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, γ‐GTP and MONO were independent risk factors for LEN‐induced PPES.

Conclusions

High γ‐GTP and high MONO were risk factors for LEN‐induced PPES.
Trends in HPV‐associated cancer incidence in Texas medically underserved regions
Authors: Hoang Thao N. , Berenson Abbey B. , Shan Yong , Guo Fangjian , Adekanmbi Victor , Hsu Christine , Yu Xiaoying , Kuo Yong‐Fang
Published: August 2024

Background

While cervical cancer incidence rates (IR) in the United States have dropped in the last 20 years, non‐cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers increased. Many people in Texas (TX) live in medically underserved areas and have higher risk of developing HPV‐associated cancers. Since previous studies of these regions focused on cervical cancer, we included other HPV‐associated cancers in our analysis of IR in East TX and the TX‐Mexico Border compared to other TX regions.

Methods

Cancer data from 2006 to 2019 were obtained from the TX Cancer Registry. Cases of HPV‐associated cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers and corresponding patient‐level demographic data were included. We calculated IR per 100,000 and drew heat maps to visualize cancer IR by county. To control potential confounders, we added county‐level risk factors: rates for smoking, excessive drinking, obesity, STIs, primary care provider availability and dentist availability, from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps program. We reported IRs by region and time and estimated unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio (RR) for association of each type of cancer and region. Lastly, we created adjusted models for each cancer by period to see time trends of regional differences.

Results

Risk of anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancer was lower at parts of the Border than in the rest of TX in the adjusted model. We also observed increasing anal and oropharyngeal cancer risk and decreasing cervical and vaginal cancer risk over time.

Conclusion

Patient sociodemographics, behavioral risk factors, and access to care may contribute to some observed differences in cancer IR across regions. This indicates that targeted prevention efforts towards these regions, especially in low socioeconomic status communities, may benefit future generations.
Minor Humulane and Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids from Syringa pinnatifolia and Their Protective Effect Against Oxidative Injuries in H9c2 Cells
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Chen Panlong , Liu Changxin , Zhang Zefeng , Kang Lulu , Ren Gang , Gao Xiaoli , Cao Lan , Chai Xingyun
Published: August 2024

As a part of systematic research, an ongoing phytochemical investigation of the sesquiterpenoid‐containing fraction led to the isolation of five new sesquiterpenoids from the peeled stems of Syringa pinnatifolia, including two pairs of enantiomeric humulane‐type (±)‐alashanoids A1 and B1 (1 and 2) and one eremophilane‐type alashanoid C1 (3). These structures were elucidated by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data, including ESI‐MS and 1D and 2D NMR, and the absolute configuration was determined by comparing its experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism and calculated NMR. These isolates exhibited moderate in vitro cardioprotective effects against oxidative injuries in H9c2 cells.
Understanding the Environmental Sensitivity of Copper‐Metal Oxides Interactions in Cu/ZnO and Cu/Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Jiang Zhaocong , Li Didi , Gu Haoyuan , Jin Shiqing , Zhu Minghui
Published: August 2024

Ternary Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts are one of the most important industrial catalysts and show excellent activity in methanol reforming reaction. However, it is challenging to elucidate the metal support interactions, which critically influence the catalyst structure and performance, due to their environmentally sensitive nature. This study examines the interactions between Cu and Al2O3 and ZnO, after reductive treatments of the Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO model catalysts with varying temperatures and hydrogen concentration. A combination of Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2O titration, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformations spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) provided comprehensive insights into the structural evolution of the catalysts.
Population Power Curves in ASCA With Permutation Testing
Authors: Camacho José , Sorochan Armstrong Michael
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we revisit the power curves in ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) based on permutation testing and introduce the population curves derived from population parameters describing the relative effect among factors and interactions. The relative effect has important practical implications: The statistical power of a given factor depends on the design of other factors in the experiment and not only of the sample size. Thus, understanding the relative power in a specific experimental design can be extremely useful to maximize our capability of success when planning the experiment. In the paper, we derive relative and absolute population curves, where the former represent statistical power in terms of the normalized effect size between structure and noise, and the latter in terms of the sample size. Both types of population curves allow us to make decisions regarding the number and nature (fixed/random) of factors, their relationships (crossed/nested), and the number of levels and replicates, among others, in an multivariate experimental design (e.g., an omics study) during the planning phase of the experiment. We illustrate both types of curves through simulation.
Emerging Mixed‐Valence Porous Materials
Authors: Kaveevivitchai Watchareeya , Chen Teng‐Hao
Published: August 2024

The development and applications of porous materials have been revolutionized over the past decades. To fine‐tune their fascinating behaviors such as charge‐transport, magnetic, and catalytic properties, one of the most effective strategies is incorporating mixed valency into the structures. This Concept provides recent progress on emerging crystalline porous materials, namely, metal–organic frameworks, metal–organic polyhedra, covalent organic frameworks, and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks, where their mixed valency is either intrinsic or postsynthetically induced via an external stimulus. We further highlight the investigation of mixed valency and potential applications, which sheds light on the design and exploitation of mixed‐valence crystalline porous materials.
Investigating new solutions for a general form of q$$ \mathfrak{q} $$‐deformed equation: An analytical and numerical study
Authors: Ali Khalid K. , Mohamed Mohamed S. , Alharbi Weam G.
Published: August 2024

This paper contributes to the study of a new model called the ‐deformed equation or the ‐deformed tanh‐Gordon model. To understand physical systems with violated symmetries. We utilize the ‐expansion approach to solve the ‐deformed equation for specific parameter values. This method generates solutions that provide valuable insights into the system's dynamics and behavior. To verify the accuracy of our solutions, we also apply the finite difference technique to obtain numerical solutions to the ‐deformed equation. This dual approach ensures the reliability of our results. We present our findings using tables and graphics to enhance clarity and facilitate comparison between the analytical and numerical solutions. These visual aids help readers better understand the similarities and differences between the two approaches. The ‐deformation is significant as it models physical systems with nonstandard symmetry features, like extensivity, offering a more accurate representation of real‐world phenomena. The growing significance of this equation across various disciplines highlights its potential in advancing our understanding of complex physical systems. This paper contributes valuable knowledge about the ‐deformed equation, demonstrating its potential for accurately modeling physical systems with violated symmetries. Through both analytical and numerical techniques, we offer comprehensive solutions and validate their accuracy, with graphical representations enhancing the clarity and understanding of our results. This exploration of ‐deformation advances modeling techniques, providing a more precise depiction of real‐world processes with nonstandard symmetry features.