bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presence and utility of electrocardiographic abnormalities in long-term childhood cancer survivors
Authors: de Baat Esmée C , Merkx Remy , Leerink Jan M , Boerhout Coen , van der Pal Heleen J H , van Dalen Elvira C , Loonen Jacqueline , Bresters Dorine , van Dulmen-den Broeder Eline , van der Heiden-van der Loo Margriet , van den Heuvel Marry M , Kok Judith L , Louwerens Marloes , Neggers Sebastian J C M M , Ronckers Cecline M , Teepen Jop C , Tissing Wim J E , de Vries Andrica C , Kapusta Livia , Kremer Leontien C M , Mavinkurve-Groothuis Annelies M C , Kok Wouter E M , Feijen Elizabeth A M
Published: March 2024

Background

We assessed the prevalence and diagnostic value of ECG abnormalities for cardiomyopathy surveillance in childhood cancer survivors.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 1381 survivors (≥5 years) from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study part 2 and 272 siblings underwent a long-term follow-up ECG and echocardiography. We compared ECG abnormality prevalences using the Minnesota Code between survivors and siblings, and within biplane left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) categories. Among 880 survivors who received anthracycline, mitoxantrone or heart radiotherapy, logistic regression models using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator identified ECG abnormalities associated with three abnormal LVEF categories (<52% in male/<54% in female, <50% and <45%). We assessed the overall contribution of these ECG abnormalities to clinical regression models predicting abnormal LVEF, assuming an absence of systolic dysfunction with a <1% threshold probability.

Results

16% of survivors (52% female, mean age 34.7 years) and 14% of siblings had major ECG abnormalities. ECG abnormalities increased with decreasing LVEF. Integrating selected ECG data into the baseline model significantly improved prediction of sex-specific abnormal LVEF (c-statistic 0.66 vs 0.71), LVEF <50% (0.66 vs 0.76) and LVEF <45% (0.80 vs 0.86). While no survivor met the preset probability threshold in the first two models, the third model used five ECG variables to predict LVEF <45% and was applicable for ruling out (sensitivity 93%, specificity 56%, negative predictive value 99.6%). Calibration and internal validation tests performed well.

Conclusion

A clinical prediction model with ECG data (left bundle branch block, left atrial enlargement, left heart axis, Cornell’s criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and heart rate) may aid in ruling out LVEF <45%.
Comparison of magnetized thick disks around black holes and boson stars
Authors: Gjorgjieski Kristian , Kunz Jutta , Nedkova Petya
Published: March 2024

Boson stars are considered as promising candidates for black hole mimickers. Similar to other compact objects they can form accretion disks around them. The properties of these disks could possibly distinguish them from other compact objects like black holes in future observations. Retrograde thick disks around boson stars and the influence of strong magnetic fields on them were already studied and it was shown that they can harbor very distinct features compared to black hole disks. However, the case of prograde thick disks is mostly unexplored, since they may appear much more similar to black hole disks. In this work we will investigate similarities and differences regarding prograde thick disks around non-selfinteracting rotating boson stars and rotating black holes. We assume thereby a polytropic equation of state and a constant specific angular momentum distribution of the disks. We classify the various conceivable boson star and black hole solutions by a dimensionless spin parameter a and compare their corresponding disk solutions. The influence of toroidal magnetic fields on the disks is analyzed by selected disk properties, as the rest-mass density distribution and the Bernoulli parameter. Disk solutions are characterized by their degree of magnetization represented by the magnetization parameter $$\beta _{mc}$$

β

mc

. We found that strong magnetic fields can strengthen the differences of disk solutions or oppositely even lead to a correlation in disk properties, depending on the spin parameter of the boson star and black hole solutions. We identify the vertical thickness of the boson star disks as the main differentiating factor, since for most solutions the vertical density distribution is far more outreaching for boson star disks compared to black hole disks.
Astragaloside IV Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Tian Wencong , Zhang Ping , Yang Lei , Song Peng , Zhao Jia , Wang Hongzhi , Zhao Yongjie , Cao Lei
Published: March 2024

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide spectrum of tumors. However, its clinical application is limited due to cardiotoxic side effects. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), one of the major compounds present in aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, possesses potent cardiovascular protective properties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AS IV on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Our findings revealed that DOX induced pyroptosis through the caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathways. AS IV treatment significantly improved the cardiac function and alleviated myocardial injury in DOX-exposed mice by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting pyroptosis; markedly suppressed the levels of cleaved caspase-1, N-GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3, and N-GSDME; and reversed DOX-induced downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mice. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 significantly blocked the protective effects of AS IV. Collectively, our results suggest that AS IV protects against DIC by inhibiting pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.
A Study on Exact Deg-Centric Graphs of Graphs
Authors: Thalavayalil Timmy Tomy , Kok Johan , Naduvath Sudev
Published: March 2024

The exact deg-centric graph of a simple, connected graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a graph constructed from [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, the concepts of exact deg-centric graphs and iterated exact deg-centrication of a graph are introduced and discussed.
A MODEL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP, ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP, AND THE INNOVATION PROCESS
Authors: MUTABELEZI WENDY MUTIMBWA , SETHIBE TEBOGO
Published: March 2024

To enhance competitiveness, organisations should excel in adopting new business processes and ensuring the successful implementation of innovative projects. This study examined the impact of transformational, transactional, and entrepreneurial leadership styles on the innovation process, with a focus on employee innovative behaviour and the climate for innovation as mediating factors. A total of 303 participants from three organisations in the financial services sector (banking and insurance) in Namibia took part in the study.

The findings suggest that employing transactional and entrepreneurial leadership styles proves beneficial for fostering innovation within organisations. Specifically, entrepreneurial leadership demonstrates positive effects on both employees’ innovative behaviour and the establishment of an innovation-friendly climate. The study reveals that a conducive climate for innovation significantly contributes to overall innovation. Moreover, the results indicate that only the climate for innovation serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between transactional leadership and the innovation process, as well as between entrepreneurial leadership and the innovation process.
移变与移常
Authors: 甘 颖轩
Published: March 2024

“侨易学” 是探讨主体在经历 “物质位移” 后，因受到异文化的启迪和刺激，导致个体精神产生质变，造成个人思想的某种 “变易”。本文以近代著名潮汕商人林子丰作个案研究，利用 “移变” 和 “移常” 等概念，探索他在20世纪初移居香港后在人生规划上的变化。本文指出时间维度是导致 “移变” 产生的重要因素。随着时间的改变，香港社会也在不断变化，林子丰对这座城市的了解也在不断加深，这影响着他对事物的想法和所作出的行动。另一方面，文化根本性的东西是难以因 “物质位移” 而产生变化。以林子丰而言，他的潮汕身份认同和基督信仰并未因移居香港而有所改变，与 “侨易学” 里对 “移常” 的论述不谋而合。
从孙中山藏档夏威夷史料看侨易中的精神质变
Authors: 邓 丽兰
Published: March 2024

孙中山携带回乡的辛亥革命时期的外文档案中，夏威夷史料反映出写信者精神质变过程中身份认同的转变。“夏威夷革命之父” 与 “夏威夷之子” 的特殊联系、孙中山成长经历中的师生关系，一定程度体现出夏威夷土著精英、美国传教事业与夏威夷华人社群的密切关联。孙中山本人经历了 “农家子-共和领袖” 的身份侨易，以孙中山为代表的夏威夷华人华侨经历了传统族裔身份与现代公民身份的认同变动，走向了 “乡人-国人-世界人” 的精神侨易之路，具有世界眼光的现代民族主义精神、共和主义的国家认同，初步形成。从侨易学角度，也存在着一种在 “文化交域” 更易产生的 “地理移居-身份认同调整-精神质变” 的侨易模式。
Tunability of Microwave Frequency Using Spin Torque Nano Oscillator by the Generated Oersted Field with Tunable Free Layer
Authors: Bhoomeeswaran H. , Aravinthan D. , Sabareesan P.
Published: March 2024

The current-induced magnetization precession dynamics provoked by the spin transfer torque (STT) in a spin valve device i.e. tri-layer device (commonly spin torque nano oscillator (STNO)) is investigated numerically by solving the governing Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski (LLGS) equation. In this study, we have devised an STNO device made of EuO-based ferromagnetic alloy in free and fixed magnetic layers. The copper acts as a nonmagnetic spacer. Here, we have introduced the current induced Oesterd field (CIOF), which is generated when a spin-polarized current passes through the STNO device. In the device, we have tuned the free layer angle [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] as an increment of [Formula: see text]. For every individual [Formula: see text] ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the generated Oersted field’s strength can be altered by increasing the STNO device’s diameter. Henceforth, it is apparent that the frequency tunability is achieved in the device for all the values of [Formula: see text]. The frequency and power of the device depend entirely on the material’s saturation magnetization, which inherently reflects the current density and coherence of spin-polarized DC. From the results, it is apparent that for a particular [Formula: see text], the frequency keeps increasing with the eventual decrease in power when we increase the strength of the Oersted field from 10[Formula: see text]kA/m to 50[Formula: see text]kA/m. By doing so, the maximum frequency can be tuned up to 212[Formula: see text]GHz for [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as 50[Formula: see text]kA/m. The high frequency emitted by the device acts as a linchpin ingredient, as well as a launch pad element in much of scientific and technological point of view. It paves way for a new route in the areas such as high capacity, high precision, high density as well as the sensing applications.
One-dimensional modelling of air injection into abandoned oil fields for heat generation
Authors: Storey Benjamin M. , Worden Richard H. , McNamara David D. , Wheeler John , Parker Julian , Kristen Andre
Published: March 2024

With the global drive for net-zero emissions, it has never been more important to find clean energy sources. There are thousands of abandoned oilfields worldwide with the potential to be reactivated to produce clean energy with air injection and subsequent waste fluid sequestration. Air injection, and the development of a fire-front, may be used with enhanced geothermal systems by taking advantage of the inherent increase in heat and pressure. Conventionally used as an enhanced oil recovery technique, air injection has gained the reputation of being a high-risk intervention due to the many failures in its history. Knowledge of how petrophysical rock properties and oil physical and chemical properties control the consequences of air injection is key to optimzing the selection of late-life, or even abandoned oilfields for use in such systems. Here we use one-dimensional modelling to test the effect of varying porosity, permeability, oil viscosity and API gravity on the success of air injection. Modelling shows that the most important factor controlling temperature is the porosity of the reservoir, followed by the API gravity and then the viscosity of the oil. The most important factors controlling velocity of the fire-front are API gravity followed by oil viscosity. We show that reservoirs with high porosity and low permeability with high viscosity and low API gravity oil reach the highest fire-front temperatures. The significance of this work is that it provides several geoscience-related criteria to rank possible candidate reservoirs for reactivation and clean energy generation via air injection: the best candidates will have the highest total porosity, relatively low permeability, highest oil viscosity and lowest API gravity, such fields can then move on to bespoke and more complex simulations.
A High-Performance Accelerator for Real-Time Super-Resolution on Edge FPGAs
Authors: Liu Hongduo , Qian Yijian , Liang Youqiang , Zhang Bin , Liu Zhaohan , He Tao , Zhao Wenqian , Lu Jiangbo , Yu Bei
Published: March 2024

In the digital era, the prevalence of low-quality images contrasts with the widespread use of high-definition displays, primarily due to low-resolution cameras and compression technologies. Image super-resolution (SR) techniques, particularly those leveraging deep learning, aim to enhance these images for high-definition presentation. However, real-time execution of deep neural network (DNN)-based SR methods at the edge poses challenges due to their high computational and storage requirements. To address this, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as a promising platform, offering flexibility, programmability, and adaptability to evolving models. Previous FPGA-based SR solutions have focused on reducing computational and memory costs through aggressive simplification techniques, often sacrificing the quality of the reconstructed images. This paper introduces a novel SR network specifically designed for edge applications, which maintains reconstruction performance while managing computation costs effectively. Additionally, we propose an architectural design that enables the real-time and end-to-end inference of the proposed SR network on embedded FPGAs. Our key contributions include a tailored SR algorithm optimized for embedded FPGAs, a DSP-enhanced design that achieves a significant four-fold speedup, a novel scalable cache strategy for handling large feature maps, optimization of DSP cascade consumption, and a constraint optimization approach for resource allocation. Experimental results demonstrate that our FPGA-specific accelerator surpasses existing solutions, delivering superior throughput, energy efficiency, and image quality.
A compositional simulation framework for Abstract State Machine models of Discrete Event Systems
Authors: Bonfanti Silvia , Gargantini Angelo , Riccobene Elvinia , Scandurra Patrizia
Published: March 2024

Modeling complex system requirements often requires specifying system components in separate models, which can be validated and verified in isolation from each other, and then integrating all components’ behavior in order to validate the operation of the whole system. If models are executable, as for state-based formal specifications, engines to orchestrate the simulation of separate component operational models are extremely useful.

This paper presents an approach for the co-simulation, according to predefined orchestration schemas, of state-based models of separate components of a Discrete Event System. More precisely, we exploit the Abstract State Machine (ASM) formal method as state-based formalism, and we (
i
) define a set of operators to compose ASMs that communicate with each other through I/O events, and (
ii
) present an engine to execute the compositional simulation of the ASMs as a whole assembly.

As proof of concepts, we use a set of model examples of Discrete Event Systems of increasing complexity to show the application of our approach and to evaluate its effectiveness in co-simulating models of real systems.
Epidemic Model-based Network Influential Node Ranking Methods: A Ranking Rationality Perspective
Authors: Zhang Bing , Zhao Xuyang , Nie Jiangtian , Tang Jianhang , Chen Yuling , Zhang Yang , Niyato Dusit
Published: March 2024

Existing surveys and reviews on Influential Node Ranking Methods (INRMs) have primarily focused on technical details, neglecting thorough research on verifying the actual influence of these nodes in a network. This oversight may result in erroneous rankings. In this survey, we address this gap by conducting an extensive analysis of 82 primary studies related to INRMs based on the epidemic model over the past 20 years. We statistically analyze and categorize benchmark networks into four types, and conclude that high-quality networks with complete information are insufficient and most INRMs only focus on undirected and unweighted networks, which encourages collaboration between industry and academia to provide optimized networks. Additionally, we categorize and discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and optimized crafts of seven categories of INRMs, helping engineers and researchers narrow down their choices when selecting appropriate INRMs for their specific needs. Furthermore, we define the Capability and Correctness metrics and utilize their usage frequency and functionality to assist engineers and researchers in prioritizing and selecting suitable metrics for different INRMs and networks. To our knowledge, this is the first survey that systematically summarizes the Capability and Correctness of INRMs, providing insights for the complex network community and aiding INRM selection and evaluation.
Privacy Preservation of Electronic Health Records in the Modern Era: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Nowrozy Raza , Ahmed Khandakar , Kayes A. S. M. , Wang Hua , McIntosh Timothy R.
Published: March 2024

Building a secure and privacy-preserving health data sharing framework is a topic of great interest in the healthcare sector, but its success is subject to ensuring the privacy of user data. We clarified the definitions of privacy, confidentiality and security (PCS) because these three terms have been used interchangeably in the literature. We found that researchers and developers must address the differences of these three terms when developing electronic health record (EHR) solutions. We surveyed 130 studies on EHRs, privacy-preserving techniques, and tools that were published between 2012 and 2022, aiming to preserve the privacy of EHRs. The observations and findings were summarized with the help of the identified studies framed along the survey questions addressed in the literature review. Our findings suggested that the usage of access control, blockchain, cloud-based, and cryptography techniques is common for EHR data sharing. We summarized the commonly used strategies for preserving privacy that are implemented by various EHR tools. Additionally, we collated a comprehensive list of differences and similarities between PCS. Finally, we summarized the findings in a tabular form for all EHR tools and techniques and proposed a fusion of techniques to better preserve the PCS of EHRs.
Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Amoakon Jean-Pierre , Mylavarapu Goutham , Amin Raouf S. , Naren Anjaparavanda P.
Published: March 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
Ultraviolet Radiation Quasi-Periodicities and Their Possible Link with the Cosmic Ray and Solar Interplanetary Data
Authors: Maghrabi A.
Published: March 2024

In this study, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation data collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2022 were analyzed to explore quasi-periodicities in the UV time series. The power spectrum density analysis revealed several local peaks that exceeded the 95% confidence interval. These peaks included periodicities of 483–490 days, 272 days, 157−162 days, 103−110 days, 64–72 days, 27 days, and 13 days. To investigate the potential influence of space weather parameters on UV radiation, data on cosmic rays, solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (F10.7 cm), the Kp index, and solar wind speed for the same time period were examined. The aim was to identify periodicities in these variables that aligned with those found in the UV radiation data. The analysis reveals that several periodicities observed in the UV radiation spectrum are also present in the spectra of the considered parameters. Prominent periodicities include a 270-day cycle in UV radiation and cosmic rays, as well as periodicities of 72 days, 27 days, and 13 days in all considered variables. Furthermore, 110-day peaks are observed in spectrum of the UV radiation, the Kp index, solar radio flux F10.7, and solar wind speed. Notably, consistent peaks at 157-day periodicity are identified in the UV spectrum, also present in the spectra of all the considered variables (cosmic rays ∼162 days, Kp index ∼162 days, solar radio flux ∼156 days, and solar wind speed ∼163 days). The identification of common periodicities between UV radiation and space weather parameters in this study provides compelling evidence of a potential direct or indirect influence of solar variations on UV radiation. This finding significantly enhances our understanding of the impact of extraterrestrial factors, particularly solar activity, on the Earth’s environment.
Length-Weight Relationships for 32 Species of Cryptobenthic Reef Fishes from the Red Sea
Authors: Pombo-Ayora Lucía , Nunes Peinemann Viktor , Coker Darren J. , Berumen Michael L.
Published: March 2024

Cryptobenthic reef fishes (CRFs) are often neglected in reef biodiversity assessments, trophodynamic studies, and biomass models. This oversight is due to the challenges associated with recording them in traditional underwater visual surveys and the scarcity of literature detailing their life history, ecology, and body growth parameters. Given their pivotal role in the functioning and maintenance of coral reef ecosystems, addressing these information gaps for CRF species is of great importance. In this study, we have computed the length-weight relationships (LWRs) for 32 CRF species spanning seven families in the Red Sea. This marks the first comprehensive report of LWR parameters for CRFs from this region, and for 31 of these species, it serves as their first LWR data report. The coefficient of determination (r2) ranged from 0.82 to 0.99, indicating a good fit for the LWRs. Half of the presented species belong to the Gobiidae family, including three undescribed species. In addition, we present LWRs for species from the families Blenniidae (5 spp.), Tripterygiidae (2 spp.), Apogonidae (4 spp.), Pseudochromidae (3 spp.), Plesiopidae (1 spp.), and Scorpaenidae (1 spp.). This research contributes invaluable insights into the growth patterns of CRFs not only in a global context but also beyond, as 50% of the recorded species are endemic to the region. The data generated holds great significance for conducting functional diversity analyses, ecosystem assessments, and coral reef health monitoring. By capturing this critical information, this work provides foundational metrics to take significant strides toward the conservation of these essential coral reef fishes.
Identification Dockless Bike‐Sharing and Metro Transfer Travelers through Mobility Chain
Authors: Li Xiang , Yan Qipeng , Tang Yixiong , Luo Chen
Published: March 2024

The burgeoning dockless bike‐sharing system presents a promising solution to the first‐ and last‐mile transportation challenge by connecting trip origins/destinations to metro stations. However, the differentiation between metro passengers and DBS riders, as they belong to distinct systems, hinders the precise identification of DBS‐metro transfers. This study introduces an innovative method employing mobility chains to establish spatiotemporal relationships, including spatiotemporal conflicts and similarities, among potential users from both systems. This significantly enhances the precision of user matching. An empirical study in Chengdu validates the method’s increased accuracy and examines travel patterns, yielding the following insights: (1) Introduction of the mobility chain reduces average matched pairs by 28.27% and improves accuracy by 18.36%. The addition of spatial‐temporal similarity further boosts accuracy by 19.32%. (2) Median distances for DBS‐metro access and egress transfers are approximately 950 meters. Short trips of 650–750 meters are prevalent, while trips exceeding 1.5 kilometers lead passengers to opt for alternative modes. (3) Temporal patterns reveal weekday peaks at 8:00, 9:00, and 17:00. On weekends, transfers are uniformly distributed, mainly within urban areas. Suburban stations exhibit reduced weekend activity. These findings can provide valuable insights for enhancing DBS bicycle redistribution, promoting transportation mode integration, and fostering urban transportation’s sustainable development.
Low‐Fluence Q‐Switched Nd: YAG Laser (LF‐QSNY) May Be a Better Choice for the Treatment of Early Nevus of Ota: A Prospective Self‐Controlled Trial of LFQS and Picosecond Alexandrite Laser
Authors: Zhou Lucia , Zhu Jiafang , Cen Qingqing , Yu Wenxin , Han Yue , Gao Wei , Wu Xianglei , Hu Xiaojie , Ma Gang , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: March 2024

Background. Low‐fluence Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser (LF‐QSNY) and picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser (PSAL) have shown superiority in the treatment of nevus of Ota (NO). Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of PSAL and LF‐QSNY in the treatment of NO. Methods. 15 patients randomly underwent split‐lesion treatment of the two lasers within three months. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the efficacy outcomes. The patient’s preferences, recurrence rate, and adverse events were also documented. Results. Fifteen patients with 34 lesions finished the trial. Lesions, operated with LF‐QSNY and PSAL, reached VAS scores of 3.47 ± 0.67 and 3.51 ± 0.87, respectively (P > 0.05). Most significant improvement in LF‐QSNY was achieved after the first session (VAS = 1.84). One (6.67%) patient experienced a relapse on the PSAL side. Temporary hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation mainly occurred on the PSAL side. Patients under five years demonstrated superior efficacy (3.81 ± 0.47 vs 3.08 ± 0.66, P = 0.046) than those over with the treatment of LF‐QSNY. Limitations. Limited sample and lack of objective evaluation. Conclusion. The difference between the LF‐QSNY and PSAL in the treatment of NO was statistically insignificant, while LF‐QSNY may be a better choice for the treatment of early NO. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900022690.
Pelvic Pain of Myofascial Origin in Women: Correlation with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Einig Sabrina , Ruess Esther , Schoetzau Andreas , Ayllon Bartet Kerstin , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Vigo Francesco , Kavvadias Tilemachos
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and high-tone pelvic floor often experience pain and have positive trigger points upon pelvic floor examination. However, the correlation of these findings has not yet been systematically examined and sufficiently understood. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the correlation of pelvic myofascial pain with LUTS and pelvic floor tone. Materials and Methods. All participants filled a standardized pelvic floor questionnaire to assess LUTS, which consists of a total of 43 questions regarding bladder, bowel, and sexual function as well as prolapse symptoms. Myofascial trigger points in different muscle groups including pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and obturator as well as pelvic floor muscle tone were assessed using a standardized digital examination technique. Results. 110 women were included in the study. There was a significant correlation between pain in various muscle groups and LUTS as well as high-tone pelvic floor muscle. A significant correlation could also be found between high pelvic floor muscle tone and the overall questionnaire score (p<0.001) as well as the bladder function score (p<0.001) and various pain scores of the different groups. Individuals with high-tone pelvic floor were more likely to have more LUTS and higher pain scores. Conclusions. The existence of myofascial pelvic floor trigger points and high pelvic floor muscle tone seem to be reflective of pelvic floor symptoms, as assessed with a standardized pelvic floor questionnaire.
Ethnobotanical Study of Mosquito Repellent Plants Used in Seweyna District, Bale Zone, Southeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Shibeshi Asefash , Sebsibe Ayalew , Teka Alemtshay , Aklilu Esayas
Published: March 2024

Malaria control efforts through vector control strategies are hindered by the development of insecticide resistance by major malaria vectors in many malaria-endemic areas, which necessitate the need for alternative control measures. The aim of this study was to document plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents in Seweyna district, southeastern Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical data were collected using semistructured interviews, field observation, and guided field walks in four kebeles of the district with 98 informants. A total of 19 plant species were used by the local community as mosquito repellent, with 42.1% being trees. These plant species belong to 12 families. Of these families, the family Burseraceae was the most represented, with four species, followed by Fabaceae (3 species). The most frequently mentioned plant species were Mimusops kummel (90.81%), followed by Acokanthera schimperi (84.69%), Boswellia microphylla (79.6%), and Calpurnia aurea (79.6%). The stem was the most common plant part used (47.3%) to repel mosquitoes. Most of the local communities (52.6%) use the burning of either fresh or dry plant parts to generate smoke, which is the most common practice. The current ethnobotanical study indicates that the local community in the Seweyna district uses the plants to repel mosquitoes. In the future, the repellent efficacy of these plants against the major malaria vector should be tested under laboratory and field conditions. Besides, the identification of the bioactive compounds responsible for the repellent activity should also be determined.
Assessment of Hand-Washing Knowledge and Practice among Nursing Undergraduates in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Syed Wajid , A. Al-Rawi Mahmood Basil
Published: March 2024

Purpose. The present study investigated the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among entry-level nursing students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants and Methods: A cross-sectional, institutional-based study was conducted among Saudi nursing students over a period of four months at the King Saud University College of Nursing, using a structured, self-administered questionnaire that assessed demographics, knowledge, and the practice of hand washing. Results. A response rate of 95% was obtained. Of the 304 respondents, 66.1% (n = 201) were males. The majority of the students (94.2%) agreed that direct or indirect contact was the most important route for the transmission of healthcare-associated infection. In addition, most of the students washed their hands after contact with body secretions (89.5%), while 83.2% of them washed their hands before and after contact with patients. Furthermore, 83.6% of them applied soap water during hand washing, while 59.9% of the students used an alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene. Our results found that female students reported higher mean knowledge score of 10.09 ± 1.27, compared to male students 9.63 ± 1.48, indicating a significant association between the mean knowledge score of hand washing and gender (p=0.004). Similarly, the mean practice score was higher among female students (5.00 ± 1.25), in comparison to male students 4.62 ± 1.46, with a significant association between gender and mean practice score (p=0.037). Conclusion. The findings of this study revealed that Saudi nursing students exhibit adequate knowledge and practice of hand washing. However, the current findings revealed variation in the knowledge and practice scores with respect to gender. The present results could support students and health care professionals in improving their hygienic practice, which may help to provide the optimum therapeutic benefits to patients.
Study of a Thermochemical Heat Storage Reactor Filled with Polyaluminum Sulfate for Low‐Temperature Application
Authors: Gbenou Tadagbe Roger Sylvanus , Wang Kejian
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates comprehensively the operational dynamics of a thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) reactor for low‐temperature applications using polyaluminum sulfate and takes into consideration a developed simulation model with an experimentation validation. Significant concordances were found between the developed simulation model and the experimental results. Results reveal optimized conditions for the charging process using an electrical heater, with a heating temperature of 120°C at 10 K/min over 500 minutes. This achieves full material charging, with stabilized pressure drops at an equilibrium of 80 mbar, corresponding to a temperature of approximately 108°C, and yielding a thermal power of 950 W. An inlet vapor pressure of 18 mbar at 10°C for 5 hours is sufficient to completely discharge the bed, with pressure drops reaching around 30 mbar and a thermal power of 300 after reaction completion. Insights into conversion extents during both processes are provided, along with a remarkable thermal efficiency of 90% and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 97%, surpassing recommended theoretical values (50%). The study suggests further enhancing system performance through the design and implementation of a dedicated heat exchanger. The achievement of 75% of the targeted thermal power specification represents a significant milestone, offering valuable contributions towards the realization of sustainable technological advancements of both the reactor technology of TCHS and state‐of‐the‐art thermal energy storage solutions. From the research, it is possible to infer further suggestions for enhancing this performance by designing and implementing a dedicated heat exchanger for both heat supply and retrieval mechanisms.
Vaginal Calculus Formation on Exposed Midurethral Sling Mesh
Authors: Langer Adam J. , Saeed Zenab , Barrett Elizabeth , Maxwell Rose A. , Dhanraj David N. , Towers Geoffrey D. , Agudu Eyra A.
Published: March 2024

The presence of a vaginal calculus is a rare clinical entity which may develop in the setting of vaginal urinary stagnation. Numerous factors contribute to stone formation, and management can be complicated by variations in size, location of the stone, and location of adjacent structures. Generally, once diagnosed, vaginal calculi should be removed and surrounding anatomy should be evaluated thoroughly for secondary fistula, erosion, or presence of an instituting foreign body. This report presents a case of vaginal calculus formation on exposed midurethral sling mesh in an elderly patient with hemorrhagic cystitis. This report emphasizes contributing pathophysiology, diagnostic factors, and treatment.
Capsaicin Enhances Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma Cells’ Chemosensitivity and Ferroptosis through FHOD1/IRF2 Downregulation
Authors: Hacioglu Ceyhan
Published: March 2024

Resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy, particularly in the case of glioblastoma (GBM), a common brain tumor, presents a substantial challenge in oncology. In this study, we investigated the potential of capsaicin to overcome drug resistance in temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant U87 and U251 cells by targeting ferroptosis-mediated interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-2 and formin homology-2 domain-containing protein-1 (FHOD1) signal pathways. First, we induced TMZ resistance in these cells by treating them with TMZ for three weeks. Subsequently, we assessed the impacts of capsaicin on various aspects, including cell viability, proliferation, ferroptosis markers, levels of IRF2 and FHOD1, intracellular iron concentrations, and cell migration in these cells. Our results indicate that capsaicin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in both cell viability and proliferation in TMZ-resistant U87-R and U251-R cells. In addition, it effectively suppressed cell migration rates in these cells, targeting TMZ resistance. Furthermore, capsaicin demonstrated its ability to downregulate FHOD1, IRF2, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels in TMZ-resistant cells. This was accompanied by an increase in intracellular iron, total oxidant status, and increased malondialdehyde levels. Significantly, the treatment with capsaicin led to a notable decrease in the expressions of FHOD1 and IRF2 at both the mRNA and protein levels in U87-R and U251-R cells. In summary, our results emphasize the substantial potential of capsaicin in enhancing the sensitivity of TMZ-resistant GBM cells to chemotherapy. This effect is achieved through its modulation of ferroptosis-related pathways, involving the regulation of FHOD1 and IRF2 expressions.
Facilitating Evidence-Based Practice among Nurses in a Tertiary General Hospital: A Six-Year Practice of an Implementation Strategy Informed by the i-PARIHS Framework
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Guo Zhiting , Xu Shuangyan , Yao Meiqi , Feng Xiuqin , Lan Meijuan , Jin Jingfen
Published: March 2024

Aims. To develop an evidence-based practice (EBP) facilitating strategy informed by the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework and evaluates the strategy’s effectiveness on promoting EBP. Background. Nurses are increasingly expected to use research evidence in practice to improve patients’ outcomes, but the application of such evidence is still unsatisfactory. The facilitation of EBP in nursing needs the organization and the individual levels. Methods. Based on an analysis of EBP-promoting strategies and expert consultation, the core team of the nursing department developed an EBP group-based and project-oriented strategy under the guidance of the i-PARIHS framework. The strategy was implemented for six years and evaluated by a longitudinal design. The validated Chinese version of the self-reported Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) was used to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practice of the nurses. Results. The mean score of the total EBPQ was 4.46 (SD = 0.92) after one year of the EBP strategy, and the scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practice of EBP members were higher than those of general nurses p<0.05. After four years, EBP members’ scores continued to increase. EBP groups conducted 51 EBP projects in the areas of emergency nursing, surgical and medical nursing, critical care, and so forth. Of these, 33 projects improved nursing practice by changing nursing procedures, upgrading nursing tools, and developing nursing standards, resulting in improved patient outcomes. Conclusion. The EBP group-based and project-oriented strategy can promote EBP. The composition of the EBP group, the annual audit of EBP projects, and the roles of internal and external facilitators were key components of this EBP-facilitating strategy. Implications for Nursing Management. The strategy is an organizational-level EBP-facilitation approach which can improve nurses’ academic preparation for EBP through ongoing training and sustained EBP behavior that involves annual projects.
Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies With a Quantitative Bias Analysis of Uncontrolled Confounding
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Nianogo Roch A. , Janzen Carla , Fei Zhe , Seamans Marissa J. , Wen Renee , Li Xiang , Chen Liwei
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Whether individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had an increased risk of hypertension remains unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine the association between GDM and hypertension and performed a quantitative bias analysis to quantify the impact of uncontrolled confounding due to antenatal psychological stress.

METHODS:

We searched databases (PUBMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science) through 2022/11. Eligible studies were cohort studies that reported the association of GDM with hypertension. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. We pooled adjusted risk ratios with 95% CIs using a random effects model. We performed the quantitative bias analysis using the bias formula.

RESULTS:

We included 15 cohort studies, with a total of 3 959 520 (GDM, 175 378; non-GDM, 3 784 142) individuals. During the follow-up of 2 to 20 years, 106 560 cases of hypertension were reported. We found that GDM was associated with a higher risk of hypertension (pooled risk ratio, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.47, 2.17]). The risk ratio was lower among cohorts assessing incident (1.58 [95% CI, 1.29, 1.95]) than prevalent hypertension (2.60 [95% CI, 2.40, 2.83]). However, other subgroup analyses showed no differences. The quantitative bias analysis revealed that if the uncontrolled confounder of antenatal psychological stress was additionally adjusted, the positive association between GDM and hypertension would attenuate slightly (≤18%) but remains positive.

CONCLUSIONS:

Limitations of this study included residual confounding and discrepancies in GDM and hypertension ascertainments. Our findings indicate that GDM is positively associated with hypertension after the index pregnancy.
Endogenous preparatory control is associated with increased interaction between default mode and dorsal attention networks
Authors: Egan Max K. , Costines Cyril , D’Esposito Mark , Sadaghiani Sepideh
Published: March 2024

It is increasingly recognized that cognitive control requires integration across large-scale brain networks anchored in frontal and parietal cortices. While the functional role of individual networks has been studied extensively, their cross-network interactions in the service of cognitive control are poorly understood. Beyond in-the-moment regulation of goal-relevant information processing (e.g., of sensory information), cognitive control encompasses preparatory processes in anticipation of upcoming stimuli and actions. Such preparatory control is often endogenous, that is, it is based on internal representations without relying on external cues or events. Here, we assessed network interactions that support such endogenously driven preparatory control. We recorded fMRI (N = 25) during a perceptual decision task with highly variable intertrial intervals. In half of the blocks, trial onset was cued, while in the remaining blocks, participants maintained readiness without relying on cues. We studied endogenous preparatory control in the intertrial period preceding uncued (vs. cued) trials. Behavioral outcomes confirmed heavier cognitive control demands in the uncued condition. Endogenous preparatory control was associated with increased activity of the dorsal attention network (DAN). This contrasted with in-the-moment control over stimulus-response processing during the trial itself, which was supported foremost by the right-hemispheric fronto-parietal network (FPN). Cross-network interactions were strengthened exclusively during endogenous preparatory control; the default mode network (DMN) showed more positive connectivity with the DAN and to a lesser degree the cingulo-opercular network (CON). Our results demonstrate that cross-networks interactions are particularly important for endogenously driven preparatory control. They further suggest that the DMN may be implicated in internally harnessing resources for cognitive control. This notion extends the DMN’s known role in internally-oriented processing to the domain of cognitive control when preparation cannot be aided by external events.
Natural Will in John of Damascus’ De duabus Christi voluntatibus
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on John of Damascus’ treatise De duabus Christi voluntatibus, which seeks to establish the meaning of the concept of the ‘natural will’. John’s argument is dependent on the opuscula of Maximus. Yet he does not always follow Maximus’ lead. He claims that the mode of willing is always related to sin whereas willing of the good is natural. This refers not only to the irreproachable passions, which in Maximus’ Christology are needed to give a positive interpretation of Christ’s fear of death, but also to Christ’s eventual obedience to God. John makes it clear that this also applies to ordinary human beings. Obedience is in their case the free and self-determining decision to subject themselves to God as their natural lord and master. John gives the impression that the knowledge about the proper relationship between God and the human being is as spontaneous as the irreproachable passions.
Mass Atrocities against Indigenous Peoples: Atrocity Structure and the Brazilian Amazon under Bolsonaro
Authors: de Belmont Lucas
Published: March 2024

Throughout the four years of his presidency, President Jair Bolsonaro implemented policies, sponsored initiatives, and promoted discourses that were fundamentally detrimental to indigenous peoples in Brazil. This resulted in the most acute and irreconcilable disparity in interests between settlers and indigenous communities over the control of land in the Amazon, a dispute which is at the core of the eruption of the anti-indigenous atrocity structure existent in Brazil in the 21st century. As a result, the Amazonian indigenous peoples were victims of several mass atrocities, consisting of destructive, exterminatory, persecutory, and other inhumane acts, especially through invasion, deforestation, contamination, and deprivation of health care. This article explains and analyses each pillar of this atrocious process.
Understanding Rural Migration in the Mid-Twentieth Century: Examining Dimensions of Social Change and their Effects in Cisternino, a Southern Italian Town
Authors: Vezzoli Simona
Published: March 2024

This article examines the migration transition in Cisternino, a rural town in Southern Italy, after the Second World War, and analyses the social changes that influenced the observed migration shifts. Based on archival research, statistics and primary data, the article presents the town and its migration patterns before and after the Second World War. It then examines the town’s main social changes over the 1950–1990 period, and shows that three processes explain the changing migration patterns: the expansion of the state, cultural transformations and the restructuring of the local economy. The article shows that, after the war, migration became an adaptation strategy in reaction to rapid societal changes, including new aspirations among local residents. Therefore, migration became of vital importance at a time of high uncertainty. The article also shows the many ways in which, at crucial moments of transition, the state affected local livelihoods and people’s decision to either adapt locally or migrate.