bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efetividade do tratamento de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático com MDMA: uma revisão sistemática de estudos clínicos randomizados
Authors: Fontes Emilly Vasconcelos Borges , Porto Carla Pereira Santos , Alencar Neto José Peixoto de , Campos Vivian Azevedo Marques de , Oliveira Lauro Costa de , Carvalho Luiz Felipe Chaves
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Diante do atual contexto de retorno do protagonismo do uso clínico da 3,4-Metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA) após anos de paralisação das pesquisas com psicodélicos, diversos estudos têm surgido com o objetivo de encontrar uma alternativa eficaz para o tratamento do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático (TEPT) com o auxílio da psicoterapia. Objetivos: O presente estudo, tem como objetivo trazer informações a respeito do panorama atual e contextualizado das pesquisas com MDMA no tratamento do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático (TEPT) bem como a avaliação da sua efetividade diante da ótica dos estudos clínicos randomizados mais recentes e relevantes. Metodologia: Na estruturação foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA, e as bases de dados consultadas foram: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. A plataforma Periódicos CAPES foi utilizada para conseguir acesso aos textos na íntegra de alguns artigos. Os critérios de elegibilidade incluíram apenas estudos clínicos randomizados duplo-cegos com utilização do MDMA para o tratamento de TEPT no idioma inglês. Resultados: Cinco estudos foram incluídos na Revisão Sistemática, contendo ao todo 176 pacientes de idade média: 37 a 42 anos. O país mais predominante nos estudos foram os Estados Unidos, mas também aparecem: Canadá, Israel e Suíça. O compilado de estudos foi considerado homogêneo em termos de intervenção utilizada, metodologia de pesquisa e pacientes. Conclusão: A partir dos dados, da literatura exposta, e levando em conta uma visão imparcial e desvinculada de preconceitos quanto aos psicodélicos, é possível concluir que a 3,4-Metilenodioximetanfetamina detém um potencial enorme que pode ser ainda mais explorado no que tange ao tratamento do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático.
Epidemiologia das Síndromes Cromossômicas no Estado do Piauí: Relato dos primeiros 100 exames de cariótipos realizados no Estado
Authors: Pereira Ester Miranda , Silva Adalberto Socorro da , Brandão Rafael Melo Santos de Serpa , Martins Liline Maria Soares , Costa Maria Amélia de Oliveira , Pereira Lorena Miranda , Batista Nelson Jorge Carvalho , Monte Semiramis Jamil Hadad do
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico das síndromes cromossômicas dos 100 primeiros pacientes que realizam o exame de cariótipo no Laboratório de Imunogenética e Biologia Molecular na Universidade Federal do Piauí (LIB-UFPI). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico e descritivo, com utilização de dados secundários com base em prontuários dos 100 primeiros pacientes que realizaram o exame de cariótipo no LIB-UFPI. Resultados: Dos 100 exames de cariótipos realizados, 56% pertenciam ao sexo masculino, 40% ao sexo feminino e 4% possuíam sexo indefinido no momento da realização do exame, a idade variou entre 0 a 49 anos, com predominância de pacientes com até 01 mês de idade. 61% dos pacientes pertenciam a cidade de Teresina e os demais estão distribuídos em outros 25 municípios do Piauí. As especialidades médicas que mais solicitaram o exame foram pediatria (48%) e neuropediatria (23%), enquanto apenas 8% das solicitações foram realizadas por geneticistas, devido a escassez dessa especialidade no Estado. Dentre as síndromes cromossômicas identificadas no estudo estão: Síndrome de Down, Síndrome de Edward, Síndrome Patau, Síndrome de Turner, Síndrome de Klinefelter e digenesia gonadal mista. Conclusão: O levantamento de dados epidemiológicos das síndromes cromossômicas no Estado do Piauí é fundamental para a compreensão da distribuição das doenças raras no Estado e posterior efetivação da PNAIPDR. Nesse contexto, a implantação e credenciamento do setor de citogenética foi fundamental para esse levantamento e configurou o primeiro passo para uma futura ampliação da genética médica no Estado.
Acupuntura como estratégia de redução da dor na pessoa adulta e idosa: revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Lamego Fabio Ricardo Dutra , Santo Fátima Helena do Espírito , Ribeiro Maria de Nazaré de Souza , Barbosa Gleyce Moreno , Pimenta Almir Campos , Nagato Luciana , Carvalho Alessandra de Oliveira , Souza Michelle Freitas de
Published: July 2022

O desenvolvimento populacional, os maus hábitos alimentares e a falta de exercícios físicos, traz uma baixa qualidade de vida entre a população idosa devido os quadros de dor. Objetivo: buscar as evidências científicas da redução de dor, mediante o uso da acupuntura sistêmica no indivíduo adulto e idoso. Metodologia: estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos extraídos da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com indexadores da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe na Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literatura Analysis (MEDLINE/Pubmed) e na Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), a partir dos descritores: Terapia por acupuntura, acupuntura, dor, adulto e idoso. Foi utilizado a estratégica PICO, porém, resume-se a um acrônimo PIO, pois: adultos e idosos é a população (P), a terapia por acupuntura é a intervenção (I) e o desfecho (outcome) é a redução da dor (O). Foram inclusos artigos originais de livre acesso na base de dados nacional e internacional e exclusos editoriais, artigos de relato de opinião e experiência, artigos de revisão e artigos duplicados. O recorte temporal foi de 2016 à 2021. Idiomas Inglês, Espanhol e Português. Resultados: encontrou-se um total de 8 artigos que abordavam o uso da Acupuntura sistêmica, todos publicados em periódicos internacionais, sendo 7 de ensaio clínico randomizado. Conclusão: teve-se um maior número de pesquisa com o padrão ouro, mas com alto risco de viés, sendo que, dos 8 artigos, todos apresentaram resultados positivos da técnica de acupuntura sistêmica no tratamento da dor.
Análise do provocador e perturbador perfil neuropsíquico do personagem Coringa, de Joaquin Phoenix, na obra “Joker”
Authors: Figueiredo Bárbara Queiroz de , Moronte Fabiano Henrique
Published: July 2022

Introdução: considerada provocadora, “Joker”, a obra lançada em 2019 e direcionada por Todd Philips, tem suscitado diversas interpretações quanto à sanidade de Arthur Fleck, o comediante fracassado que se transmuta em Coringa. É um filme inquietante e parte dessa inquietação se deve à coexistência de elementos do drama, da tragédia, da comédia, do suspense e do terror psicológico. Objetivo: analisar o provocador e perturbador perfil neuropsíquico do personagem Coringa, de Joaquin Phoenix, na obra “Joker”. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo revisão narrativa da literatura. de Joaquin Phoenix, na obra “Joker”. A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e EBSCO Information Services.  Resultados e discussão: foram levantadas as hipóteses de o personagem sofrer de alguns distúrbios neuropsíquicos, como epilepsia gelástica, síndrome pseudobulbar, esquizofrenia, transtorno de personalidade, transtorno dissociativo de identidade, distúrbios de trauma, psicopatia e transtorno depressivo maior. Ademais, fatores extrínsecos também podem corroborar o perfil psíquico. Considerações finais: Coringa representa o inexplicável, o incompreensível, o que desafia teorias e classificações. É um personagem menos psiquiátrico e mais existencialista ao nos confrontar com o absurdo da maldade no mundo.
Frozen zero lactose com aproveitamento integral do maracujá (Passiflora edulis): desenvolvimento de produto e elaboração de informação nutricional
Authors: Oliveira Palloma Vitória Carlos de , Lima Thamirys Lorranne Santos , Oliveira Pâmara Virna Carlos de , Pereira Annemberg Salvino , Lima Maíra Heloisa de Carvalho , Zuza  Júnior Everi Melo , Luz Kewen Santiago da Silva , Pessoa Victor Gurgel
Published: July 2022

A produção industrial de alimentos vem ao longo dos anos buscando cada vez mais aprimorar e desenvolver produtos conforme as necessidades e preferência dos consumidores. O frozen sem lactose caracteriza-se como uma opção mais saudável quando comparado ao sorvete convencional, além de poder atender a um público específico. Objetivou-se desenvolver um frozen sem lactose, aproveitando integralmente o maracujá e elaboração da tabela com informação nutricional do produto. O iogurte foi elaborado a partir da união do leite integral zero lactose e açúcar (10%), o qual foi armazenado sob refrigeração para posterior preparo do frozen. Para obtenção do concentrado de maracujá, as frutas foram higienizadas, as sementes separadas e as cascas reservadas. Para produção do concentrado utilizou-se a polpa sem semente (80%), a qual foi misturada com açúcar (20%). A geleia para finalização da apresentação foi feita com a mistura da polpa integral (incluindo sementes) de maracujá, açúcar e água. A pectina, utilizada como geleificante foi extraída da casca de maracujá. Para a elaboração da tabela de informação nutricional foi utilizada uma ficha técnica padrão, na qual foram listados os ingredientes em medidas caseiras, em peso bruto, além da Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos -TACO. Com frozen iogurte de maracujá sem lactose foi possível desenvolver um produto com menor grau de processamento, ausência de aditivos alimentares e maior teor de micronutrientes, sendo, portanto, mais nutritivo. O Frozen Yogurt de maracujá sem lactose além atender a demanda de intolerantes à lactose, supre as necessidades nutricionais, contribui com benefícios à saúde e proporciona melhor qualidade de vida aos consumidores.
A educação inclusiva na perspectiva Freireana
Authors: Galiza Angélica Bittencourt , Mercês Ronielson Santos das , Bentes José Anchieta de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

A educação inclusiva se constitui como um movimento sociopolítico que contempla os grupos sociais oprimidos, discriminados e marginalizados no sistema social, os quais lutam pelo princípio da equidade, com o sentido de garantir o acesso as ações efetivas que os reconhecessem e valorizasse-os como sujeitos de direitos. Para tanto, como questão problema: quais as contribuições teóricas-metodológicas de Paulo Freire na concepção de educação inclusiva? Este artigo tem por objeto geral analisar as contribuições teóricas-metodológicas de Paulo Freire na concepção de educação inclusiva. A metodologia tem por base abordagem qualitativa por compreender o movimento teórico da temática em questão. O nosso estudo é do tipo bibliográfico, visto que realizamos a seleção de artigos, livros, teses que abarcassem a discussão do referencial teórico. São os respectivos autores e autoras: Carvalho (2004), Freire (1996, 2014, 2016, 2018); Costa; Turci (2011); Marques (2007). Os resultados apontam que a pedagogia inclusiva de Paulo Freire, é relevante e atual para a conjuntura em que estamos vivendo, porque suas ideias tornam-se presentes para refletirmos e articularmos ações socioeducacionais que promovam o reconhecimento e valorização da alteridade no contexto socioeducacional. Por fim, percebe-se que a perspectiva dialógica, libertadora, humanizada e progressista de Paulo Freire é uma forma de educação inclusiva que constrói uma sociedade inclusiva para múltiplas diferenças.
Persepsi Teamwork terhadap Kinerja Perawat dalam Melaksanakan Asuhan Keperawatan
Authors: Darmin Darmin , Ningsih Suci Rahayu , Kaseger Henny , Sarman Sarman , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: July 2022

Teamwork merupakan kompetensi atau soft skill setiap individu dalam bekerja. Teamwork dipandang perlu untuk dikuasai oleh profesional kesehatan untuk memenuhi tuntutan kualitas perawatan. Teamwork pada suatu rumah sakit akan sangat bermanfaat bagi setiap karyawan dan pasien. Hasil studi pendahuluan Di RSUD Kota Kotamobagu mengindikasikan bahwa masih terdapat problem dalam teamwork perawat di RSUD Kota Kotamobagu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi teamwork terhadap kinerja perawat dalam melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan. Merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 41 sampel yang diambil secara total (total sampling) di RSUD Kotamobagu pada Februari 2022 melalui observasi. Instrument yang digunakan adalah kuesioner semi kontruktif dan analisis data menggunakan uji fisher’s exact, yang disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi teamwork terhadap kinerja perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan di RSUD Kota Kotamobagu, bahwa persepsi teamwork berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja yang di tunjukkan oleh perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan, secara statistik diperoleh nilai P=0.004. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa persepsi teamwork berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja perawat yang merupakan aspek penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan di RSUD Kota Kotamobagu. Tim petugas keperawatan perlu mendiskusikan terkait gagasan-gagasan dan ide-ide untuk menyelesaikan masalah, dengan menggunakan Metode Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) akan lebih baik.
Charles Plumier’s anatomical drawings and description of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus (1694–1697)
Authors: Pietsch Theodore W.
Published: July 2022

French Minim friar Charles Plumier (1646−1704), craftsman, illustrator, and engraver, but best known for his work as a botanist, devoted the better part of his life to collecting and illustrating plants and animals. Observations made along the coasts of Languedoc and Provence, in the French Alps, on the islands of Hyères in the western Mediterranean, and during three expeditions to the West Indies between 1687 and 1697, provided the foundation for an enormous body of iconographic material extant in the collections of the Bibliothèque centrale du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. His anatomical drawings and description of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 , made while at Saint Domingue (present-day Haiti) during his last voyage (1694−1697), are described and reproduced. Comparisons with earlier, contemporary, and later accounts, especially those of Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648–1730), Thomas Goüye (1650–1725), Hans Sloane (1660−1753), and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider (1750–1822), are presented, as well as evidence of the originality and scientific accuracy of Plumier’s account.
On Sade’s Sovereign Excess: Beckett Translating Blanchot and Bataille
Authors: Krimper Michael
Published: July 2022

In this essay, I situate Beckett’s effort to translate numerous documents of and around the Marquis de Sade for the seventh volume of Transition in the context of his contemporary experiments with an aesthetics of failure. What catches his attention concerning the renewal of Sade in France after the Second World War, I argue, is a form of literature animated by the impossible – that is, weakness, dispossession, and inoperativity –, which undermines the logic of representation at the basis of anthropocentric and humanist subjectivity. I proceed to elucidate Beckett’s translations of excerpts from Maurice Blanchot and Georges Bataille on Sade, with an emphasis on the question of sovereignty on its aesthetic, ethical, political, ontological, and literary registers. Their readings critically reassess the modern biopolitical configuration of sovereign power and violence that reduces human life to nothing, all the while tracing a certain excess of being that traverses the language of Sade’s body of work. This notably sovereign excess, when displaced in the space of literature, dismantles the self-sufficient and autonomous subject on the one hand and taps into an insurgent potential of revolt on the other. My contention is that Beckett’s hitherto unpublished translations convey what he shares in common, albeit from a distance, with Blanchot and Bataille after Sade, alongside a wider counter-current of late modernist literature attuned to writing, thinking, and living from the standpoint of the impossible.
The Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Depression and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Pregnancy and Postpartum Period
Authors: IŞIK Gülşen , EGELİOĞLU CETİŞLİ Nuray
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Obstetrics and Perinatology clinics of two university hospitals in Turkey between July 2016 and June 2017. Women were followed up two times. The first follow-up was performed face-to-face in the gestational week 34th to 38th and the second one was performed by telephone in the 8th week of the postpartum period. In the first follow-up, 104 pregnant women with GDM and 133 pregnant with non-GDM women were interviewed. In the second follow up, 30 women could not be reached in both groups. Data were collected by the Individual Description Form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form. Descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used in the data analysis.
Results: The depression risk of mothers with GDM was found higher compared to non- GDM mothers. No significant difference was found between the depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy mean scores in the antenatal and postpartum period of women by the presence of GDM. There was no significant difference between the depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy mean scores in the antenatal and postpartum period by the presence of GDM and some confounding variables. As the breastfeeding self-efficacy level of mothers with GDM both in the antenatal and postpartum period increased, the depression risk decreased.
Conclusion: In the study, it has been concluded that GDM does not have an impact on depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
Factor Affecting Fear, Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 in Turkey: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: KOCAK Seda , KAZAK Aysun , KARAKULLUKÇU Serdar
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to research levels of fear, anxiety and depression related with the COVID-19 outbreak and the potential risk factors contributing these facts within the population of Turkey.
Methods: 377 people participated in this study. This study conducted from September to the end of December 2020. An online survey was performed by using the Individual Information Form, The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (7-35 points) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale; HAD-A (0-3 points, ≥10), HAD-D (0-3 points, ≥7).
Results: When Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale are examined, the anxiety scores of 15.9% (> 10, n = 60) and depression scores of 34.2% (> 7, n = 129) of the participants are higher than the cut-off points. HAD-A, HAD-D and COVID-Fear data were positively significantly correlated with each other (p <0.001). In regression analysis, females, those with a relative who has at least one chronic illness, those with mental disorders, and those receiving psychological support were determined as risk factors.
Conclusion: Interrelationships of mental wellbeing, and health status changing at an individual basis must be taken into consideration while evaluating psychological effects of COVID-19.
Facing Trauma and Surgical Emergency in Space: Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Pantalone D. , Chiara O. , Henry S. , Cimbanassi S. , Gupta S. , Scalea T.
Published: July 2022

Although the risk of trauma in space is low, unpredictable events can occur that may require surgical treatment. Hemorrhage can be a life-threatening condition while traveling to another planet and after landing on it. These exploration missions call for a different approach than rapid return to Earth, which is the policy currently adopted on the International Space Station (ISS) in low Earth orbit (LEO). Consequences are difficult to predict, given the still scarce knowledge of human physiology in such environments. Blood loss in space can deplete the affected astronaut’s physiological reserves and all stored crew supplies. In this review, we will describe different aspects of hemorrhage in space, and by comparison with terrestrial conditions, the possible solutions to be adopted, and the current state of the art.
Wave Attenuation by Vegetation: Model Implementation and Validation Study
Authors: Abdolali Ali , Hesser Tyler J. , Anderson Bryant Mary , Roland Aron , Khalid Arslaan , Smith Jane , Ferreira Celso , Mehra Avichal , Sikiric Mathieu Dutour
Published: July 2022

Wave–vegetation interaction is implemented in the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model. The vegetation sink term followed the early formulations of Dalrymple et al. (Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 1984, 110, 67–79), which focused on monochromatic waves and vegetation approximated as an array of rigid, vertical cylinders, and was later expanded by Mendez and Losada (Coastal Engineering, 2004, 51, 103–118) for random wave transformations over mildly sloping vegetation fields under breaking and nonbreaking conditions assuming a Rayleigh distribution of wave heights. First, validation is carried out for 63 laboratory cases (Anderson and Smith, 2014) with homogeneous vegetation fields for single and double-peak wave spectra. Then, a field case application is conducted to assess the wave attenuation in a wetland environment with spatially variable vegetation fields during stormy conditions. The case study uses data collected at the Magothy Bay located in the Chesapeake Bay, United States, during Hurricanes Jose and Maria in 2017. The domain decomposition parallelization and the implicit scheme have been used for the simulations to efficiently resolve complex shorelines and high-gradient wave zones, incorporating dominant physics in the complicated coastal zone, including wave breaking, wave–current interaction, bottom friction and scattering, wave–vegetation interaction, and nonlinearity (Abdolali et al., 2020). The lab validation and field application demonstrate that WW3 is an effective tool for evaluating the capacity of wetland natural or nature-based features to attenuate wave energy to achieve coastal flood risk reduction.
Identification of Potential Antigens for Developing mRNA Vaccine for Immunologically Cold Mesothelioma
Authors: Zhang Shichao , Li Shuqin , Wei Ya , Xiong Yu , Liu Qin , Hu Zuquan , Zeng Zhu , Tang Fuzhou , Ouyang Yan
Published: July 2022

Messenger RNA vaccines are considered to be a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy, while their application on mesothelioma is still largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to identify potential antigens in mesothelioma for anti-mesothelioma mRNA vaccine development, and further determine the immune subtypes of mesothelioma for selection of suitable candidates from an extremely heterogeneous population. Gene expression data and corresponding clinicopathological information were obtained from the TCGA and gene expression omnibus, respectively. Then, the genetic alterations were compared and visualized using cBioPortal, and differentially expressed genes and their prognostic signatures were identified by GEPIA. The relationship between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the expression of tumor antigens was systematically evaluated by TIMER online. Finally, the immune subtypes and immune landscape of mesothelioma were separately analyzed using consensus cluster and graph learning-based dimensional reduction. A total of five potential tumor antigens correlated with prognosis and infiltration of antigen-presenting cells, including AUNIP, FANCI, LASP1, PSMD8, and XPO5 were identified. Based on the expression of immune-related genes, patients with mesothelioma were divided into two immune subtypes (IS1 and IS2). Each subtype exhibited differential molecular, cellular and clinical properties. Patients with the IS1 subtype were characterized by an immune “cold” phenotype, displaying superior survival outcomes, whereas those with the IS2 subtype were characterized by an immune “hot” and immunosuppressive phenotype. Furthermore, immune checkpoints and immunogenic cell death modulators were differentially expressed between the IS1 and IS2 immune subtype tumors. The immunogenomic landscape of mesothelioma revealed a complex tumor immune microenvironment between individual patients. AUNIP, FANCI, LASP1, PSMD8, and XPO5 are putative antigens for the development of anti-mesothelioma mRNA vaccine and patients with the IS1 subtype may be considered for vaccination.
Real-Time Non-Invasive Monitoring of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Exhaled Breath
Authors: Meurs Joris , Sakkoula Evangelia , Cristescu Simona M.
Published: July 2022

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites produced by the gut microbiome as a result of the fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides. The most abundant SCFAs are acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid which make up 95% of this group of metabolites in the gut. Whilst conventional analysis SCFAs is done using either blood or fecal samples, SCFAs can also be detected in exhaled breath using proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight- mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) using H3O+ for ionization. However, no investigation has been performed to characterize the reactions of SCFAs with H3O+ and with other reagent ions, such as O2+ and NO+. Gas-phase samples of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were analyzed with SRI/PTR-ToF-MS under dry and humid conditions. The ions generated and their distribution was determined for each reagent ion. It was found the humidity did not influence the product ion distribution for each SCFA. Using H3O+ as a reagent ion, SRI/PTR-ToF-MS analysis of an exhaled breath sample was performed in real-time to demonstrate the methodology. The presence of SCFAs in exhaled breath was confirmed by thermal desorption—gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath sampling repeatability was within acceptable limits (<15%) for an analytical methodology for each investigated SCFA. Nutritional intervention studies could potentially benefit from real-time monitoring of exhaled SCFAs as an alternative to measuring SCFAs invasively in blood or fecal samples since it is non-invasive, and requires minimal time investment from participants.
Promising Anti-Biofilm Agents and Phagocytes Enhancers for the Treatment of Candida albicans Biofilm–Associated Infections
Authors: Tartor Yasmine H. , Elmowalid Gamal A. , Hassan Mohamed N. , Shaker Asmaa , Ashour Dalia F. , Saber Taisir
Published: July 2022

Little is known about the interactions among phagocytes and antifungal agents and the antifungal immunomodulatory activities on Candida species biofilms. Here, inhibition of C. albicans biofilms and the interactions among biofilms and phagocytes alone or in combination with essential oils, biological, and chemical agents, or fluconazole were investigated. Biofilm formation by a panel of 28 C. albicans clinical isolates from hospitalized patients, birds, and cattle was tested. The anti-biofilm activities of cinnamon and clove oils, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and Enterococcus faecalis cell-free supernatant (CFS) in comparison with fluconazole were investigated using crystal violet and XTT reduction assays, expression of hypha-specific and hyphal regulator genes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Of the tested C. albicans isolates, 15 of 28 (53.6%) were biofilm producers. Cinnamon followed by E. faecalis–CFS, SDS, and CTAB was the most effective inhibitors of planktonic C. albicans and biofilms. Fluconazole was an ineffective inhibitor of C. albicans biofilms. Sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC50) of cinnamon, SDS, CTAB, and E. faecalis–CFS downregulated the hypha-specific and regulator genes, albeit to various extents, when compared with untreated biofilms (P < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed disruption and deformity of three-dimensional structures in cinnamon oil–treated biofilms. C. albicans sessile cells within biofilm were less susceptible to phagocytosis than planktonic cells. The additive effects of phagocytes and the tested antifungals enabled phagocytes to engulf C. albicans cells rapidly in cinnamon, E. faecalis–CFS, or SDS-treated biofilms. No differences in anti-Candida or anti-biofilm eradication activities were detected among the tested isolates. Our findings reinforce the substantial anti-biofilm activity of cinnamon oil, SDS, and E. faecalis–CFS and provide new avenues for the development of novel anti-biofilm immunotherapies or antifungals that could be used prior to or during the management of cases with biofilm-associated infections.
Pneumococcal BgaA Promotes Host Organ Bleeding and Coagulation in a Mouse Sepsis Model
Authors: Takemura Moe , Yamaguchi Masaya , Kobayashi Momoko , Sumitomo Tomoko , Hirose Yujiro , Okuzaki Daisuke , Ono Masayuki , Motooka Daisuke , Goto Kana , Nakata Masanobu , Uzawa Narikazu , Kawabata Shigetada
Published: July 2022

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis, with high associated mortality. Our previous molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that the S. pneumoniae gene bgaA, encoding the enzyme β-galactosidase (BgaA), had a high proportion of codons under negative selection among the examined pneumococcal genes and that deletion of bgaA significantly reduced host mortality in a mouse intravenous infection assay. BgaA is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in cleaving terminal galactose in N-linked glycans, resistance to human neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytic killing, and bacterial adherence to human epithelial cells. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate the precise role of bgaA as a virulence factor in sepsis. Our in vitro assays showed that the deletion of bgaA significantly reduced the bacterial association with human lung epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. The deletion of bgaA also reduced pneumococcal survival in human blood by promoting neutrophil-mediated killing, but did not affect pneumococcal survival in mouse blood. In a mouse sepsis model, mice infected with an S. pneumoniae bgaA-deleted mutant strain exhibited upregulated host innate immunity pathways, suppressed tissue damage, and blood coagulation compared with mice infected with the wild-type strain. These results suggest that BgaA functions as a multifunctional virulence factor whereby it induces host tissue damage and blood coagulation. Taken together, our results suggest that BgaA could be an attractive target for drug design and vaccine development to control pneumococcal infection.
Estimation of Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) on In Vivo Biofilm on Orthopedic Implants in a Rodent Femoral Infection Model
Authors: Okae Yu , Nishitani Kohei , Sakamoto Akio , Kawai Toshiyuki , Tomizawa Takuya , Saito Motoo , Kuroda Yutaka , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: July 2022

The formation of a biofilm on the implant surface is a major cause of intractable implant-associated infection. To investigate the antibiotic concentration needed to eradicate the bacteria inside a biofilm, the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) has been used, mostly against in vitro biofilms on plastic surfaces. To produce a more clinically relevant environment, an MBEC assay against biofilms on stainless-steel implants formed in a rat femoral infection model was developed. The rats were implanted with stainless steel screws contaminated by two Staphylococcus aureus strains (UAMS-1, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; USA300LAC, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and euthanized on days 3 and 14. Implants were harvested, washed, and incubated with various concentrations (64–4096 μg/mL) of gentamicin (GM), vancomycin (VA), or cefazolin (CZ) with or without an accompanying systemic treatment dose of VA (20 μg/mL) or rifampicin (RF) (1.5 μg/mL) for 24 h. The implant was vortexed and sonicated, the biofilm was removed, and the implant was re-incubated to determine bacterial recovery. MBEC on the removed biofilm and implant was defined as in vivo MBEC and in vivo implant MBEC, respectively, and the concentrations of 100% and 60% eradication were defined as MBEC100 and MBEC60, respectively. As for in vivo MBEC, MBEC100 of GM was 256–1024 μg/mL, but that of VA and CZ ranged from 2048–4096 μg/mL. Surprisingly, the in vivo implant MBEC was much higher, ranging from 2048 μg/mL to more than 4096 μg/mL. The addition of RF, not VA, as a secondary antibiotic was effective, and MBEC60 on day 3 USA300LAC biofilm was reduced from 1024 μg/mL with GM alone to 128 μg/mL in combination with RF and the MBEC60 on day 14 USA300LAC biofilm was reduced from 2048 μg/mL in GM alone to 256 μg/mL in combination with RF. In conclusion, a novel MBEC assay for in vivo biofilms on orthopedic implants was developed. GM was the most effective against both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in in vivo biofilms, and the addition of a systemic concentration of RF reduced MBEC of GM. Early initiation of treatment is desired because the required concentration of antibiotics increases with biofilm maturation.
CACHET-CADB: A Contextualized Ambulatory Electrocardiography Arrhythmia Dataset
Authors: Kumar Devender , Puthusserypady Sadasivan , Dominguez Helena , Sharma Kamal , Bardram Jakob E.
Published: July 2022

ECG is a non-invasive tool for arrhythmia detection. In recent years, wearable ECG-based ambulatory arrhythmia monitoring has gained increasing attention. However, arrhythmia detection algorithms trained on existing public arrhythmia databases show higher FPR when applied to such ambulatory ECG recordings. It is primarily because the existing public databases are relatively clean as they are recorded using clinical-grade ECG devices in controlled clinical environments. They may not represent the signal quality and artifacts present in ambulatory patient-operated ECG. To help build and evaluate arrhythmia detection algorithms that can work on wearable ECG from free-living conditions, we present the design and development of the CACHET-CADB, a multi-site contextualized ECG database from free-living conditions. The CACHET-CADB is subpart of the REAFEL study, which aims at reaching the frail elderly patient to optimize the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. In contrast to the existing databases, along with the ECG, CACHET-CADB also provides the continuous recording of patients' contextual data such as activities, body positions, movement accelerations, symptoms, stress level, and sleep quality. These contextual data can aid in improving the machine/deep learning-based automated arrhythmia detection algorithms on patient-operated wearable ECG. Currently, CACHET-CADB has 259 days of contextualized ECG recordings from 24 patients and 1,602 manually annotated 10 s heart-rhythm samples. The length of the ECG records in the CACHET-CADB varies from 24 h to 3 weeks. The patient's ambulatory context information (activities, movement acceleration, body position, etc.) is extracted for every 10 s interval cumulatively. From the analysis, nearly 11% of the ECG data in the database is found to be noisy. A software toolkit for the use of the CACHET-CADB is also provided.
A Sticky Situation: Variable Agreement Between Platelet Function Tests Used to Assess Anti-platelet Therapy Response
Authors: Nakahara Hirotomo , Sarker Tania , Dean Christina L. , Skukalek Susana L. , Sniecinski Roman M. , Cawley C. Michael , Guarner Jeannette , Duncan Alexander , Maier Cheryl L.
Published: July 2022

Background

Platelet function testing to monitor antiplatelet therapy is important for reducing thromboembolic complications, yet variability across testing methods remains challenging. Here we evaluated the agreement of four different testing platforms used to monitor antiplatelet effects of aspirin (ASA) or P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12-I).

Methods

Blood and urine specimens from 20 patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy were analyzed by light transmission aggregometry (LTA), whole blood aggregometry (WBA), VerifyNow PRUTest and AspirinWorks. Result interpretation based on pre-defined cutoff values was used to calculate raw agreement indices, and Pearson's correlation coefficient determined using individual units of measure.

Results

Agreement between LTA and WBA for P2Y12-I-response was 60% (r = 0.65, high-dose ADP; r = 0.75, low-dose ADP). VerifyNow agreed with LTA in 75% (r = 0.86, high-dose ADP; r = 0.75, low-dose ADP) and WBA in 55% (r = 0.57) of cases. Agreement between LTA and WBA for ASA-response was 45% (r = 0.09, high-dose collagen WBA; r = 0.19, low-dose collagen WBA). AspirinWorks agreed with LTA in 60% (r = 0.32) and WBA in 35% (r = 0.02, high-dose collagen WBA; r = 0.08, low-dose collagen WBA) of cases.

Conclusions

Overall agreement varied from 35 to 75%. LTA and VerifyNow demonstrated the highest agreement for P2Y12-I-response, followed by moderate agreement between LTA and WBA. LTA and AspirinWorks showed moderate agreement for aspirin response, while WBA showed the weakest agreement with both LTA and AspirinWorks. The results from this study support the continued use of LTA for monitoring dual antiplatelet therapy, with VerifyNow as an appropriate alternative for P2Y12-I-response. Integration of results obtained from these varied testing platforms with patient outcomes remains paramount for future studies.
Impacts of Risk Perception, Disaster Knowledge, and Emotional Attachment on Tourists’ Behavioral Intentions in Qinling Mountain, China
Authors: Hao Junqing , Tang Han , Hao Jiawei , Ma Yanting , Jiang Xinxiang
Published: July 2022

With natural disasters occurring more frequently around the world, their impact on tourism is becoming a serious problem. The existing literature in the field of tourism disaster management focuses mostly on disaster impact analysis, risk assessment, and post-disaster recovery, while the impact of disaster on tourism and tourists is still a new topic. It is necessary to investigate the correlation between the natural disasters and the tourists’ behavior. Taking the famous tourism destination, Qinling Mountain, located in the middle of China, as an example where frequent mountain disasters happened, we investigated 542 youth group tourists using a questionnaire survey and analyzed the influence of risk perception, disaster knowledge, and emotional attachment on tourists’ travel behavioral intentions. The results showed that 1) risk perception has a negative effect on tourists’ behavioral intentions; 2) disaster knowledge and tourism emotional attachment have a positive effect on tourists’ behavioral intention; and 3) the moderation role of gender is not significant, while the moderation role of education level is significant. Therefore, this analysis is of great importance for research dealing with the theory of tourism disaster and the management practice of disaster-prone tourism destinations.
Experimental Analysis on Mechanical Characteristics of Foundation Soil in Rift Valley Area of Kenya Nairobi-Malaba Railway
Authors: Hao Bing , Zhou Zhenghua , Li Yuandong , Li Xiaojun , Jin Liguo
Published: July 2022

The Rift Valley section of Kenya Nairobi-Malaba Railway locates in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, with complex engineering geological conditions and well-developed geological structures. During the rainy season from March to May 2018, four large-scale ground fissures were formed in the first-stage project of the Nairobi-Malaba Railway of the valley floor section, accompanied by uneven surface settlement and trenches, seriously endangering the safety of the railway and its nearby projects. Through field investigation, it is preliminarily considered that the main reason induced ground fissures and surface settlement is the underlying soil layer being eroded by groundwater. The gully is further formed by surface water erosion on a base of uneven surface subsidence. The geological exploration trench at DK77 ground fissure revealed that the overlying soil layer is respectively grayish-yellow silty clay, cyan-gray volcanic ash, and brownish-yellow silty clay from top to bottom, and the underlying bedrock is volcanic tuff with wide cracks. The fluid flows out or into the bedrock through the cracks developing channels for groundwater up-down flowage. Under the erosion of groundwater to the underlying soil, this study proved the possibility of the occurrence of uneven settlement. When exposed to the groundwater, the underlying soil will exhibit special physical and mechanical properties which are conducive to the occurrence of ground cracks and subsidence. The conventional geotechnical tests are conducted for the three types of overlying soil, and the results reveal the causes of ground fissures and surface settlement from the physical and mechanical properties of the overlying soil and provide a basis for the further qualitative analysis of the mechanism of ground fissures and surface settlement.
A Comparative Study of Six Hybrid Prediction Models for Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rock Based on Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Lei Yu , Zhou Shengtao , Luo Xuedong , Niu Shuaishuai , Jiang Nan
Published: July 2022

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a significant parameter in mining engineering and rock engineering. The laboratory rock test is time-consuming and economically costly. Therefore, developing a reliable and accurate UCS prediction model through easily obtained rock parameters is a good way. In this paper, we set five input parameters and compare six hybrid models based on BP neural network and six swarm intelligence optimization algorithms–bird swarm algorithm (BSA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), lion swarm optimization (LSO), firefly algorithm (FA) with the accuracy of two single models without optimization–BP neural network and random forest algorithm. Finally, the above eight models were evaluated and compared by root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R2), and a10 index to obtain the most suitable prediction model. It is indicated that the best prediction model is the FA-BP model, with a RMSE value of 4.883, a MAPE value of 0.063, and a R2 of 0.985, and an a10 index of 0.967. Furthermore, the normalized mutual information sensitivity analysis shows that point load strength is the most effective parameters on the UCS, respectively.
Effects of Two-Tier Self-Explanation and Attention Cueing Strategy on the Learning Achievement in Distance Multimedia Learning
Authors: Kuo Yu-Chen , Lin Hao-Chiang Koong , Tsai Wei-Wei , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Li Cheng-Tsung
Published: July 2022

Distance learning becomes the new trend of development. When learners conduct distance learning, the features and the free status of distance learning make it easy for students to become distracted or unfocused in their learning. Therefore, design a material with cues based on “Central Cue” and “Peripheral Cue” from “Attentional Cuing Paradigm” to explore two cues that represent “endogenous” and “exogenous” attentional cueing by using multimedia video learning, to check whether it can effectively enhance the focus on the target area of interest (AOI) and the impact of the learning achievements and varieties. Detect learners’ eye movements and patterns by an eye tracker to analyze the relationship between learners’ watching patterns and learning achievements. In addition, we use two-tier testing combined with self-explanation prompts for design, including the menu-based self-explanation strategy on the first level and the open-ended self-explanation strategy on the second level. Explore whether the two-tier self-explanation strategy will have better self-explanation learning achievements than the single-tier self-explanation strategy or not. The results show that learners using the central cue representing endogenous attentional cueing can effectively focus on the target AOI. The two-tier self-explanation strategy can help learners improve their learning achievement, learning motivation, and reflection.
NADPH-Oxidase Derived Hydrogen Peroxide and Irs2b Facilitate Re-oxygenation-Induced Catch-Up Growth in Zebrafish Embryo
Authors: Zasu Ayaka , Hishima Futa , Thauvin Marion , Yoneyama Yosuke , Kitani Yoichiro , Hakuno Fumihiko , Volovitch Michel , Takahashi Shin-Ichiro , Vriz Sophie , Rampon Christine , Kamei Hiroyasu
Published: July 2022

Oxygen deprivation induces multiple changes at the cellular and organismal levels, and its re-supply also brings another special physiological status. We have investigated the effects of hypoxia/re-oxygenation on embryonic growth using the zebrafish model: hypoxia slows embryonic growth, but re-oxygenation induces growth spurt or catch-up growth. The mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK)-pathway downstream insulin-like growth factor (IGF/Igf) has been revealed to positively regulate the re-oxygenation-induced catch-up growth, and the role of reactive oxygen species generated by environmental oxygen fluctuation is potentially involved in the phenomenon. Here, we report the role of NADPH-oxidase (Nox)-dependent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the MAPK-activation and catch-up growth. The inhibition of Nox significantly blunted catch-up growth and MAPK-activity. Amongst two zebrafish insulin receptor substrate 2 genes (irs2a and irs2b), the loss of irs2b, but not its paralog irs2a, resulted in blunted MAPK-activation and catch-up growth. Furthermore, irs2b forcedly expressed in mammalian cells allowed IGF-MAPK augmentation in the presence of H2O2, and the irs2b deficiency completely abolished the somatotropic action of Nox in re-oxygenation condition. These results indicate that redox signaling alters IGF/Igf signaling to facilitate hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced embryonic growth compensation.
Optimal Dispatching Modeling of Regional Power–Heat–Gas Interconnection Based on Multi-Type Load Adjustability
Authors: Wang Bowen , Sun Hongbin , Song Xiaosong
Published: July 2022

As an important research direction of the energy system, the integrated energy system of a park plays an important role in the field of energy optimization and sustainable economic operation. In this study, a low-carbon optimal operation model of the integrated energy system of an industrial park is proposed, considering a controllable flexible load response. First, the typical structure of the integrated energy system of the park and the model of each subsystem are introduced; then, under the premise that flexible electrical and thermal loads can be used for adjustment of energy utilization, a complete dispatch scheme is constructed according to the energy consumption and system operation characteristics of the integrated energy system. Finally, an optimal scheduling model for the combined supply and demand of the integrated energy system is established with the aim of minimizing the total operating cost. For experimental results, the YALMIP toolbox and the CPLEX solver are used to verify the results of the study; simulation results show that the optimal scheduling of controllable loads can effectively reduce the comprehensive operating cost of a community integrated energy system.