bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ ЛОШАДЕЙ КАРАЧАЕВСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ В ДИНАМИКЕ
Authors: Демин В.А. , Цыганок И.Б. , Науменко И.Б. , Губарева С.В.
Published: December 2024

Впервые проанализированы показатели основных промеров, и индексов телосложения у племенных кобыл карачаевской породы за более, чем десятилетний период отсутствия мониторинга состояния породы. Получено, что промеры у исследованных животных превышают значения у кобыл из 5 тома Госплемкниги (ГПК) и показатели бонитировки в 2002 году. Все промеры современных маток сопоставимы с уровнем величин в 6 томе ГПК, что говорит о сохранении направлений селекции на некрупный рост, на уровне 153 см у кобыл, который был достигнут к 2010 г. При этом объем грудной клетки, и хорошая костистость поддерживаются, но они имеют меньшие значения, нежели ранее. Выявлено, что характеристики морфологического строения, в частности, стандарты промеров в среднем и в разрезе типов должны быть усовершенствованы в свете современных требований к породе и сложившихся тенденций в последнее десятилетие.

For the first time, the analysis of indicators of basic measurements and the body indices at broodmares of the Karachay breed for more than a ten-year period of lack of monitoring of the breed's condition was carried out. It was found that the measurement values in the studied animals exceed the values in mares from volume 5 of the studbook and those mares in 2002. All measurements in modern mares are comparable to the level of values in volume 6 of the studbook. Which indicates that the selection directions for average growth remain at the level of 153 cm, which was reached by 2010. At the same time, a significant volume of the chest and a good backbone are preserved. It is revealed that the characteristics of intra-breed types and measurement standards in the context of types should be improved considering modern requirements for the breed and current trends in the last decade.
ОЦЕНКА ФЕРТИЛЬНОСТИ СЕМЕНИ БЫКОВ ГОЛШТИНСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ В РЯЗАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Труфанов В.Г. , Калашникова Л.А. , Мещеров Р.К. , Мещеров Ш.Р.
Published: December 2024

Дана сравнительная оценка оплодотворяющей способности семени быков голштинской породы импортной селекции в условиях Рязанской области. Оценку оплодотворяющей способности спермы 21 подконтрольного быка определяли по числу первичных плодотворных осеменений телок. Исследования проведены в 2018 году в четырех племенных хозяйствах со средним удоем коров за лактацию более 9000 кг молока. Семя быков-производителей было использовано в 2018 году для оплодотворения 1517 телок черно-пестрой и голштинской пород. Установлено, что семя голштинских быков-производителей, поставленное четырьмя ведущими племпредприятиями в хозяйства Рязанской области, существенно различалось по оплодотворяющей способности покрытий от первого осеменения, которая в среднем варьировала от 56,9% до 67,9%. Индивидуальные различия быков-производителей находились в пределах от 30,0% до 74,0%. Наиболее высокий показатель оплодотворяющей способности семени отмечен у быка-производителя Кашей 75053410 (74% плодотворных первичных осеменений), на втором месте бык Баллгейм 3011001301 (73%), на третьем месте по показателям фертильности оказались быки Санфорд 70715474 и Эшелон 537222111 (72%). У трех быков (14% от исследованного поголовья) плодотворное покрытие телок было ниже минимального показателя согласно инструкции по проверке и оценке быков по качеству потомства и составляло от 30,0% до 48%.

A comparative assessment of the fertilizing ability of the semen of Holstein bulls of imported selection in the conditions of the Ryazan' region is given. The assessment of the fertilizing ability of the sperm of 21 controlled bulls was determined by the number of first productive inseminations of heifers. Research was conducted in 2018 in four breeding farms with an average milk yield of more than 9000 kg of milk per lactation. The semen of breeding bulls was used in 2018 to fertilize 1,517 Black-and-White and Holstein heifers. It was found that the semen of Holstein bulls, delivered by four leading companies in the Ryazan' region, significantly differed in the number of productive first inseminations. The fertilizing ability of bull semen from different companies varied on average from 56.9% to 67.9%. Individual differences of bulls this indicator ranged from 30.0% to 74.0%. The highest indicator of fertilizing ability of the semen was noted in the bull Porridge 75053410 (74% of productive first inseminations), in second place was bull Ballgame 3011001301 (73%), in third place in terms of fertility were bulls Sanford 70715474 and Eshelon 537222111 (72%). In three bulls (14% of the studied bulls), the productive coverage of heifers was below the minimum indicator according to the instructions for control and evaluating bulls for the quality of offspring and ranged from 30.0% to 48%.
БЕЛКОВО-ЛИПИДНЫЙ ОБМЕН БЫКОВ-ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Абилов А.И. , Ивасюк А.П. , Новгородова И.П.
Published: December 2024

Работа выполнена в ФГБНУ ФИЦ им. ак. Л.К. Эрнста на базе АО «Невское» Ленинградской области на быках-производителях голштинской породы в количестве 50 голов в возрасте от 2 до 11 лет. Было проведено исследование по белково-липидному обмену у быков-производителей разных возрастов и происхождения по следующим показателям: общий белок, альбумин, глобулины, соотношение альбуминов и глобулинов (А/Г), холестерин общий, билирубин общий, креатинин, мочевина, АЛТ и АСТ на биохимическом анализаторе Chem Well 2902 (Awareeness Technology, США). В ходе исследований было выявлено, что по изучаемым параметрам среднестатистические показатели вне зависимости о происхождения (РФ, n=11; США, n=7; Нидерланды, n=32) в основном находились в рамках референтных значений, с некоторыми отклонениями между группами. Это относится к концентрации общего белка и глобулинам. По биохимическим показателям у отдельных быков зарегистрированы отклонения, которые были выше референтных значений по креатинину, мочевине, общему билирубину. Возраст имеет определенную роль в белково-минеральном обмене. Были отмечены достоверные отличия у быков-производителей свыше 3-х лет по отношению к молодым по содержанию глобулинов, по соотношению альбуминов с глобулинами (при P<0,01 и P<0,001). Было выявлено увеличение концентрации мочевины в крови, характерных для концентратного типа кормления.

The work was done in the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after L. K. Ernst, on the basis of JSC "Nevskoe" in Leningrad region on the bulls-producers of the Holstein breed in the amount of 50 animals aged from 2 to 11 years. A study on protein-lipid metabolism in breeding bulls of different ages and origin was conducted on the following indicators: total protein, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), total cholesterol, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, ALT and AST on a biochemical analyzer Chem Well 2902 (Awareness Technology, USA). In the course of the research, it was revealed that the average statistical indicators for the studied parameters, regardless of their origin (Russia, n=11; USA, n=7; Netherlands, n=32), were mostly within the reference values, with some deviations between the groups. This applies to the total protein concentration and globulins. According to biochemical parameters, deviations were registered in individual bulls that were higher than the reference values for creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin. Age has a role in protein-mineral metabolism. Significant differences in the content of globulins and in the ratio of albumins to globulins (at P<0.01 and P<0.001) were observed in breeding bulls over 3 years old compared to young bulls. There was an increase in the concentration of urea in the blood, characteristic of the concentrate type of feeding.
КОРМОВАЯ ДОБАВКА НА ОСНОВЕ ГУМАТОВ ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ МЯСНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ПТИЦЫ
Authors: Подольников В.Е. , Гамко Л.Н. , Талызина Т.Л. , Менякина А.Г. , Гулаков А.Н.
Published: December 2024

В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что введение в состав комбикорма цыплятам адлерской серебристой породы ОДК «Гумэл Люкс» в дозах 100 и 150г/гол/сут. способствовало высокодостоверному увеличению их валовых и среднесуточных приростов живой массы по сравнению с контролем на 7,29 и 10,43%, соответственно (p<0,001). Наибольшее увеличение прироста живой массы отмечается во 2-опытной группе, получавшей кормовую добавку в дозе 150г/т комбикорма. Снижение затрат корма на 1 кг прироста живой массы птицы в опытных группах при использовании ОДК «Гумэл Люкс» составило 6,67-9,29% соответственно. Убойная масса выращенных кур опытных групп в возрасте 119 дней была выше, чем в контроле на 7,17 и 10,26%, разница статистически высокодостоверна (p<0,001). Накопление мышечной массы у кур опытных групп на 5,01 и 5,87% выше, чем в контрольной группе. Пропорционально увеличению массы тела отмечается достоверное увеличение отдельных частей тела птицы - груди, крыла, бедра и голени, а также внутренних органов - сердца желудка и печени.

As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the introduction of compound food to chickens of the adler silver breed of the uec "Gumel Lux" in doses of 100 and 150 g/head/day. it contributed to a highly significant increase in their gross and average daily live weight gains compared to the control by 7.29 and 10.43%, respectively (p<0.001). The greatest increase in live weight gain was observed in the 2-experimental group, which received a feed additive at a dose of 150 g / t of mixed feed. The reduction of feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry in the experimental groups when use the UEC "Gumel Lux" was 6.67-9.29%, respectively. The slaughter weight of chickens of the experimental groups at the age of 119 days was higher than in the control by 7.17 and 10.26 %, the difference is statistically highly significant (p<0.001). The accumulation of muscle mass in chickens of the experimental groups is 5.01 and 5.87% higher than in the control group. In proportion to the increase in body weight. There is a significant increase in individual parts of the bird's body-the chest, wing, thigh and lower leg, as well as internal organs - the heart, stomach and liver
ПРОИЗВОДСТВО СВИНИНЫ В ЗОНАХ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ НАПРЯЖЕННОСТЬЮ В БРЯНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Башина С.И. , Горшкова Е.В. , Адельгейм Е.Е. , Ткачева Л.В.
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены результаты анализа различий морфологических, радиологических и токсикологических показателей селезенки свиней в зонах с различной экологической обстановкой. Полученные результаты показывают, что откорм свиней в обеих зонах позволяет судить о селезенке, как одном из органов, участвующем в элиминации токсикантов; Брянская область - условно благополучная зона с льготным социально-экономическим статусом, хорошо подходит для развития свиноводства с получением экологически безопасной продукции.

The article presents the results of the analysis of differences in morphological, radiological and toxicological parameters of the pigs spleen in areas with different environmental conditions. The obtained results show that the fattening of pigs in both zones allows us to judge the spleen as one of the organs involved in the elumination of toxicants. The obtained results show that the fattening of pigs in both zones allows us to judge the spleen as one of the organs involved in the elimination of toxicants; the Bryansk region, which is conditionally prosperous with a preferential socio-economic status, is well suited for the development of pig breeding with the production of environmentally safe products.
КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ, МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОВЕЦ РАЗНЫХ ЛИНИЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПЕСИЖНОСТИ ПРИ РОЖДЕНИИ
Authors: Агаркова Н.А. , Чернобай Е.Н.
Published: December 2024

В данной статье изучены клинические, биохимические и гематологические показатели овец разных линий в зависимости от песижности при рождении. Установлено, что температура тела четко прослеживается с понижением в сторону более крупных особей, так по животным без песиги в линии «файн» от 39,5°С до линии «стронг» - 39,2°С, а у животных с наличием песижного волоса разница была незначительная от, 39,4°С в линии «файн» до 39,3°С в линии «стронг». После отбивки песижные ягнята всех линий по количеству дыханий в минуту уступали безпесижным сверстникам в линии «стронг» на 3 колебания, в линиях «файн» и «медиум» на 4 колебания. По лизоцимной активности сыворотки крови между песижными ягнятами и безпесижными достоверная разница была только в I и III группах - «файн» и «стронг». По бактерицидной активности достоверная разница внутри группы между безпесижными ягнятами и песижными сверстниками наблюдалась только в III группе и показатель составил 4,31 абс. процентов (P<0,05). Следует отметить, что животные с песижной шерстью обладают лучшими биохимическими показателями крови и резистентностью. Данные показатели говорят о лучшей адаптации организма и потенциала возможности их продуктивных качеств. Среди всех изучаемых животных лучшими биохимическими показателями обладали животные III группы.

In this article, the clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters of sheep of different lines, depending on the pesizhnost at birth, are studied. It is established that body temperature can clearly be seen with a decrease towards larger individuals, as in animals without pasigi in the line "fine" from 39,5°C to line strong - 39,2°C, and in animals with the presence of designova hair, the difference was insignificant from 39,4°C in the line "fine" to 39.3°C in the line strong. After beating, the pesizhny lambs of all lines were inferior in the number of breaths per minute to their non-pesizhny peers in the "strong" line by 3 fluctuations, in the "fine" and "medium" lines by 4 fluctuations. According to the lysozyme activity of blood serum, there was a significant difference between pesizhny lambs and non-pesizhny lambs only in groups I and III - fine and strong. In terms of bactericidal activity, a significant difference within the group between non-pesizhny lambs and pesizhny peers was observed only in group III and the indicator was 4.31 abs. percent (P<0,05). It should be noted that animals with sandy hair have the best blood biochemical parameters and resistance. These indicators indicate a better adaptation of the body and the potential for the possibility of their productive qualities. Among all the studied animals, the best biochemical indicators were those of group III.
Точное и приближенное решения задачи коммивояжера большого размера
Authors: Бурховецкий В.В. , Штейнберг Б.Я.
Published: December 2024

В работе рассматривается быстрый эвристический алгоритм для задачи коммивояжера на основе метода ветвей и границ с оценкой качества получаемого решения, т.е. с параметром k, который гарантирует, что получаемое решение хуже оптимального не более чем в 1/k раз. Алгоритм предназначен для вычислительных систем с общей памятью.

This paper describes a fast heuristic algorithm based on branch-and-bound for the traveling salesman problem with a set approximation ratio, i.e. with a parameter k that guarantees that the solution obtained by the algorithm is at most 1/k times worse than the optimal solution. The algorithm is designed for shared-memory systems.
Monitoring the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Sari Kartika , Sanjaya Hartanto , Muhardi Muhardi
Published: December 2024

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon can cause the land surface temperature (LST) in the city center to be higher than in the surrounding area. The population of Pontianak City increases yearly, resulting in land cover changes and LST distribution. This research aims to monitor the UHI phenomenon by identifying the temporal distribution of LST in Pontianak City. This research analyses the Landsat 8 thermal band, which is converted into LST value based on the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). The land cover classification was conducted using a random forest algorithm and acquisition of confusion matrix classification accuracy value. This research utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform because of its ability to process satellite data continuously and has data with a sizeable spatiotemporal dimension. The results show a strong relationship between urban development and LST distribution. Based on the land cover classification in 2014 and 2019, there is a significant change in the composition of the surface, namely, built-up land has increased, while open space and vegetation land have decreased. Time series analysis also shows that the average LST of built-up land, open space, and vegetation are 28.10℃, 22.80℃, and 21.56℃, respectively. The results of monitoring the UHI phenomenon can help in better urban spatial planning, especially in increasing green space, because it is proven effective in reducing land surface temperature.
A Carnitine-based BODIPY Photosensitizer
Authors: Maierhofer Larissa , Prieto-Montero Ruth , Cubiella Tamara , Diaz-Andres Aitor , Casanova David , Martinez-Martinez Virginia , Chiara Maria D. , Mann Enrique A. , Chiara Jose Luis
Published: December 2024

Organelle-selective photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer treatment by targeting key cellular structures. In this study, we report the design of a novel carnitine-based BODIPY photosensitizer, probe 1, which retains mitochondrial selectivity while acting as both a fluorescent probe and a potent photosensitizer. Building on our previously developed mitochondria-targeting probe (R)-BCT-2, which is transported into the mitochondrial matrix by the inner membrane protein carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CAC), probe 1 incorporates two bromine atoms that enhance intersystem crossing, leading to a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 80%, while retaining sufficient fluorescence for effective cell staining in fluorescence microscopy. Theoretical calculations indicate that the carnitine moiety distorts chromophore planarity, reducing oscillator strength but enhancing spin-orbit coupling, which, together with the extended triplet lifetime, contributes to increased phototoxicity. Probe 1 co-localizes in both mitochondria and, to a lesser extent, in lysosomes, and this dual targeting may synergistically enhance phototoxic activity by amplifying cellular stress responses. Importantly, probe 1 demonstrated high phototoxicity upon green light irradiation, with IC50 values of 52 nM under normoxia and 117 nM under hypoxia, while remaining non-cytotoxic in the dark. These results suggest that probe 1 is a promising candidate for organelle-targeted PDT, particularly in hypoxic tumor environments where its dual organelle targeting could enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Fluorescence from pentacyanopropenide aggregates in melamine
Authors: Mechi Hanen , Mantel Arthur , Mishra Vipin , Urano Yuto , Kitaura Ryo , Shiozawa Hidetsugu
Published: December 2024

Aggregation-induced optical properties of molecules are at the forefront of materials sciences. Here, tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is reacted and encapsulated in melamine. Crystallization in aqueous tetrahydrofuran solutions of melamine and TCNE at different concentrations yields colorful crystals with fluorescence emission at multiple wavelengths. Combined infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry reveal that the crystals are melamine doped with a trace amount of 1,1,2,3,3,-pentacyanopropenide. The fluorescence excitation-emission spectral mapping elucidates concentration dependences of the fluorescence emission in both precursor solutions and crystals. Based on density functional theory calculations the multi-wavelength emissions can be attributed to aggregates of the pentacyanopropenide. Highly stable doped melamines have the potential as multifunctional optical materials in optielectronics.
AlchemBERT: Exploring Lightweight Language Models for Materials Informatics
Authors: Liu Xiaotong , Liu Xingchen , Wen Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has spurred numerous applications across various domains, including material design. However, we assert that without accurate prediction capabilities, effective material design is unattainable, as generating necessary structures becomes futile if their quality cannot be reliably evaluated. Matbench provides an excellent foundation for predictive tasks, yet prior efforts with LLMs have primarily focused on composition-related tasks using models such as GPT or LLaMA. In this study, we revisit BERT, a relatively small LLM with 110 million parameters, which is significantly smaller than GPT or LLaMA models containing billions of parameters. Remarkably, we demonstrate that BERT-base achieves comparable performance to these larger models in material property prediction tasks. Extending beyond composition tasks, we introduce BERT’s application in structure prediction using CIF (Crystallographic Information File) data and natural language descriptions of structures. Our results rival state-of-the-art composition models such as CrabNet and, in several tasks, even surpass traditional structure-based models like CGCNN, DeeperGATGNN, MegNet, DimeNet++, and knowledge-driven models such as MODNet. Notably, despite its parameter count, our approach excels on small datasets with minimal overfitting, indicating that fine-tuned LLMs can genuinely capture meaningful material insights. Our findings provide a new reference point for future LLM applications in material design, offering valuable insights for leveraging LLMs in this domain and introducing a paradigm shift for physicists and material scientists, emphasizing natural language descriptions over conventional model-centric design. We term this application of BERT in material design AlchemBERT, signifying its novel role in bridging natural language and structural representations.
Investigating the Role of Stress and Birth Related Trauma in Disordered Eating Among Postpartum Women
Authors:   , Mehta Aleesha
Published: December 2024

This thesis investigates the role of stress and birth-related trauma in disordered eating and body image perceptions among postpartum women. The aim of this thesis is to explore whether stress and traumatic birth experiences contribute to risk factors for disordered eating attitudes and body image issues during the postpartum period. Two studies were conducted: Study 1, a quantitative longitudinal study, examined the relationship between stress, negative eating attitudes, and body image in a community-based sample of 155 postpartum women in Aotearoa New Zealand. Study 2, a qualitative study, explored postpartum women's experiences of pregnancy and childbirth in relation to body image and eating attitudes. The results of Study 1 showed that stress at time 1 was significantly associated with negative eating attitudes and body image at time 2, with depression acting as a confounding variable in the relationship between stress and eating attitudes. Additionally, while birth trauma symptoms were linked to negative eating attitudes and body image, the presence of birth trauma itself was not. The results from the mediation analysis showed that depression mediated the relationship between stress and eating attitudes. In Study 2, qualitative themes showcased that women experienced worry about weight gain and societal pressure to lose weight post-birth, as well as challenges in navigating motherhood with limited preparation and external expectations. These findings suggest that stress, depression, and birth trauma are significant factors in shaping postpartum women’s eating behaviours and body image.
Verbalization of Basic Concepts in President Joe Biden’s 2021 State of the Union Address: a Constructional Perspective
Authors: Talavira Nataliia
Published: December 2024

The article claims that basic concepts of President Biden’s 2021 State of the Union address are actualised by key constructions, i.e. pairings of form, meaning and function fixed in long-term memory. In speech, constructions are implemented via constructs, combining several constructions to verbalise various objects, events and phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to identify constructions verbalising the basic concepts in President Biden’s 2021 State of the Union address. It has been established that the basic concepts of the State of the Union address are TIME, represented in the introduction to the speech by the constructions ‘in history’ and ‘throughout our history’, CRISIS, actualised by ‘in crisis’, and OPPORTUNITY, embodied by the opportunity-construction. In the main body of the analysed speech, the basic concepts are represented in the segments about the pandemic, employment, family, medicine, finance, environment, violence, immigration and politics. The concept TIME is embodied by constructs indicating exclusivity of the event and uniqueness of the measures taken by the administration, recurrence of the phenomenon over time and the urgent need for change in the society. The concepts CRISIS and OPPORTUNITY are used together in the main body of the address, since CRISIS as a dangerous situation precedes OPPORTUNITY viewed as a probability of eliminating threat. The concept CRISIS is actualised by constructs indicating downward movement, counterforce to the tax system, obstacles to the family or democracy, and the possibility of illegal actions by the rich in financial sphere. The concept OPPORTUNITY is presented as preventing crises: creating a blockage to danger, counteracting a threat, removing obstacles for ordinary Americans in the perspective of employment and taxes, forward movement or renewal in environmental protection.
Antithesis in Modern English Graffiti
Authors: Torhovets Yulia
Published: December 2024

Graffiti is a cross-cultural phenomenon that transcends geographical and chronological boundaries, becoming extremely popular with artists, archaeologists, cultural anthropologists and even linguists due to the variety of forms it takes and limitless freedom of expression it offers. Despite the contradictory nature and mixed views on its value, the anonymous form and wide availability to the public make graffiti an effective communication tool and an exceptionally interesting research object. Artists often employ antithesis (stylistic opposition) that helps them gain a new, broader and at times paradoxical perspective on pressing social, political and environmental issues by finding the points of stark contrast. This study has been carried out to identify the stylistic peculiarities of modern English graffiti, focusing on the analysis of antithesis. The findings indicate that, in order to convey opposing ideas, artists tend to choose contextual antonyms over objectively contrasting pairs of root ones which can be explained by their novelty and extraordinary polarity. The study suggests that all the analysed cases of antithesis can be grouped into explicit (the juxtaposition of the ideas is expressed in the written part while the graphical one heightens the effect) and implicit (the written part opposes the graphical one and a complete understanding of the message encoded in the graffiti is impossible without careful examination of both of them). The research also offers insights into expressive means and stylistic devices that enhance the aesthetic effect of antithesis such as rhyme, alliteration, parallelism and framing.
Reviving the Memory of the Holodomor in Oksana Zabuzhko’s Novel “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets”
Authors: Gaidash Anna
Published: December 2024

A powerful and influential novelist of independent Ukraine, Oksana Zabuzhko tackles man-made famine in her texts employing the imbrication technique. In “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets,” reflections on the Holodomor genocide take the form of characters’ memories and constitute commemoration rhetoric. Though episodical fragments, the revived past constitutes the present. The author builds the mystical interaction between the Ukrainian generations.
Modern Approaches to Discourse Typology
Authors: Derkach Nataliia
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the views on discourse as an object of linguistic research, existing in modern linguistics. The origin of the lexeme ‘discourse’ is examined. A definition of a discourse is synthesized on the basis of logical and semantic analysis of the definitions, available in explanatory and special linguistic dictionaries. The arguments, which linguists provide in their attempts to delimit the notion of discourse and the cognate notions of speech, text, context and communication, are considered. A complex classification of the typological features of discourse is substantiated. The choice of morphological components of the hierarchical levels of the classification is conditioned by the specificity of the logical thinking triad ‘yes – either …or – no’. A set of criteria is introduced in the classification, including the type of communication (oral, oral-written, written), the form of the message (monologic, monologic-dialogic, dialogic), the degree of the discourse formality (formal, semi-formal, informal), the character of the discourse (harmonious, adversarial, conflict), the degree of its emotional and pragmatic potential (low, medium, high), the sphere of communication (professional-business, public-media, everyday) and the genre of discourse (a speech, a lecture, negotiations, a sermon, a conversation, etc.). It is envisioned, that the classification may be useful in the experimental studies of discourses where the delineation of their borders is required and the collections of their experimental samples have to be formed.
«Bribe» or «Undue Advantage»: Linguistic Aspects of the Formation of Legal Terminology
Authors: Dotsenko Olena
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the consequences of the lack of a comprehensive linguistic examination of legal drafts on the quality of the language design of legal acts in Ukraine and examines examples of unsuccessful interpretation by lawyers of the language design of legal acts. The experience of the expert activity of the Ukrainian Commission on Legal Terminology, whose specialists carried out a thorough terminological and linguistic examination of the draft of the current Constitution of Ukraine and some regulations, is described and the need for the formation of a similar unit within the Apparatus of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is noted. The linguistic interpretation of the expediency of changing the definition of "bribe" with the term "undue benefit" proposed in the article proves that ignoring qualitative linguistic expertise has a negative effect on the language design of legal norms. In particular, it was established that the translations of international anti-corruption documents, which became the basis for changing the terms, contain a number of contradictions caused by the use of multilingual texts as primary sources, as well as the lack of systematic linguistic processing of the terminological apparatus of the anti-corruption field of criminal law and the failure to take into account the features of the structure of the term and the linguistic design of its components. The violation of the norms of codification of legal terminology in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular the provision of several identical but linguistically different definitions of the concept of "undue benefit" and the violation of the lexical norms of the modern Ukrainian literary language in the formulation of such definitions have been demonstrated. The specifics of the use of the synonym’s "bribe" and "undue benefit" in texts of different styles were analysed based on the materials of the General Regionally Annotated Corpus of Ukrainian.
Peculiarities of the Verbalisation of the Concept ENVIRONMENT in “Stern Men” by Elizabeth Gilbert
Authors: Kot Anna
Published: December 2024

This article examines the peculiarities of verbalisation of the concept ENVIRONMENT in Elizabeth Gilbert’s novel “Stern Men”. The objective of this research is to identify the main lexemes that express the concept of ENVIRONMENT in a literary text. The topicality of the scientific research is due to the need to study the defining characteristics of the conceptual space of contemporary women’s fiction and the ways of its linguistic actualisation. The lexemes used by the writer to refer to household items and spatial orientation reflect the peculiarities of the functioning of the imaginary world. Elizabeth Gilbert tries to build a three-dimensional artistic space filled with objects and things of everyday life that reflect the internal states of the characters and the peculiarities of their worldview. The writer directly appeals to the experience of the readers, who are active participants in the artistic discourse. Therefore, the concept ENVIRONMENT is an important structural element of the conceptual space of contemporary women’s artistic discourse.

In the course of the research, R. Langacker’s domain theory was used, as well as the method of induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, description, content analysis and analysis of dictionary definitions. As a result of the scientific research, the main conceptual domains that profile the concept of ENVIRONMENT in the general context of the novel (Reference fields 1) were identified – ANIMAL, SEA, MARINE, HOUSING, CLOTHING, DEVICE, LOCATION, NORTH AMERICA, WATERWAY, FURNISHINGS, PLANT, ENVIRONMENT, FISHING, MONEY, TRANSPORT, EUROPE, WATER, GOODS, WAY, CITY, LAND і WORLD, and in the detailed one (Reference fields 2) – WATER TRAVEL, ISLAND, AREA, INVERTEBRATE, USA, BUILDING, WAY, CLOTHING, FURNITURE, CONTAINER, MONEY, SEA, LOCATION, WATER, FISH, WARE, WEATHER, GROUND TRAVEL, SCHOOLS, BIRD, WEST EUROPE, FOOTWEAR, WOODY PLANT, CITY, FABRIC, WORLD, DEVICE, LAND, HERB, TOOL, HOUSING, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES і NORTHERN EUROPE. In addition, a number of lexemes that explicate the above-mentioned domains were identified.
Reproduction of Multimodal Constructions with a National Component in Various Video Genres of Modern Political Discourse
Authors: Lutsenko Roman
Published: December 2024

In searching for political information, multimedia material is extremely significant. The use of multimodality can enhance the effectiveness of a video by engaging multiple senses and creating a more immersive experience for viewers. It can also help to differentiate a particular genre of video from others and provide a unique and recognizable style that audiences can associate with that genre. The scope of the following study encompasses the question whether the multimodal constructions of the English language can be rendered into the Ukrainian language with severe meaning loss. We address this question using a variety of political texts representing various video genres, such as interview, political show and political debates in English. We find that the strategy for rendering texts of political discourse in different video genres depends on the ability to use appropriate rendering strategy which helps to convey multimodal constructions from English into Ukrainian to ensure effective communication.
Проявление эффекта минимума вязкости смеси нефтей
Authors: Ташбулатов Радмир Расулевич , Барабанщикова Татьяна Анатольевна , Каримов Ринат Маратович , Валеев Анвар Рашитович , Мастобаев Борис Николаевич
Published: December 2024

В статье на основе проведенного литературного обзора показана современная тенденция повышения вязкости нефти при транспортировке ее трубопроводным транспортом за счет разработки крупными нефтедобывающими компаниями России месторождений высоковязких и сверхвязких нефтей (СВН). Рассмотрены особенности изменения вязкостно-температурных свойств нефти при кристаллизации высокомолекулярных соединений: высокомолекулярного парафина, смол и асфальтенов. Исходя из выявленных особенностей, были рассмотрены два противоположных типа нефтей. Первый тип нефти (с преобладанием высокомолекулярного парафина) характеризуется низкой вязкостью при высоких температурах, однако при снижении температуры ниже порогового значения ее вязкость резко увеличивается ввиду кристаллизации парафинов в виде сетчатой кристаллической решетки. Второй тип нефти (с преобладанием смол и асфальтенов), наоборот, при высоких температурах имеет более высокую вязкость по сравнению с первым типом, но при снижении температуры резкое повышение вязкости для нее не характерно, так как смолы и асфальтены препятствуют образованию парафиновой кристаллической решетки. На основе представленных рассуждений авторами было выдвинуто предположение о том, что смесь двух выделенных типов нефтей с пересекающимися вязкостно-температурными характеристиками в определенном диапазоне температур будет иметь вязкость ниже, чем исходные смешиваемые типы нефтей. Таким образом, будет наблюдаться эффект минимума вязкости.

The article based on the literature review demonstrates the current trend of oil viscosity increase during its transportation by pipeline transport from fields of high viscous and extra viscous oils explored by large oil producing companies in Russia. The features of change of viscosity-temperature properties of oil at crystallization of high molecular weight compounds – high molecular weight paraffine, resins and asphaltenes – are reviewed. Based on the identified specific features, two opposite types of oils were reviewed. The first type of oil (with prevailing high molecular weight paraffine) is characterized by low viscosity at high temperatures, but when the temperature drops below a threshold value, its viscosity increases rapidly due to crystallization of paraffines in the form of a reticulated crystal lattice. On the contrary, the second type of oil (with prevailing resins and asphaltenes) has higher viscosity at high temperatures as compared to the first type, but when the temperature decreases, it is not characterized by sharp viscosity increase, as resins and asphaltenes prevents formation of paraffine crystal lattice. Based on the provided reasonings, the authors made an assumption that a mixture of two oil types with overlapping viscosity-temperature properties within a certain temperature range will have a lower viscosity than the original blended oil types. Thus the minimum viscosity effect will be observed.
Методы оценки прочностных свойств защитных покрытий трубопроводов
Authors: Шапорин Игорь Иванович , Васильев Геннадий Германович , Леонович Игорь Александрович
Published: December 2024

Расширение географии строительства нефтегазопроводов в регионах с низкой плотностью населения и на территориях распространения скальных, галечниковых, мерзлых и крупнообломочных грунтов требует повышенного внимания к защите изоляционного покрытия трубопровода от механических воздействий окружающей среды. Традиционный способ защиты покрытия путем применения мелкодисперсного песчаного грунта имеет существенные недостатки, которые могут в определенных обстоятельствах привести к значительному удорожанию стоимости строительства и эксплуатации трубопровода, особенно при необходимости периодической замены и обновления песчаного защитного слоя. Для решения этой проблемы широкое распространение на практике получили защитные конструкции из различных материалов, которые устанавливаются на внешнюю поверхность трубопровода. Защитные конструкции значительно отличаются как по материалу, так и по способу установки. Применяемые в них материалы совершенно различны по своим прочностным характеристикам, имеют различную плотность, твердость, гибкость, что приводит к комплексной проблеме отсутствия возможности сопоставления защитных характеристик таких конструкций друг с другом, а значит невозможности подбора оптимальной конструкции. Проблема усугубляется применением различными производителями совершенно разных критериев прочности и надежности для защитных покрытий. Производители вынуждены опираться на результаты практических и полевых испытаний чаще всего уже по факту применения защитной конструкции.

Variation of oil and gas pipeline construction regions in areas with low population density and in areas where rocky, gravelly, frozen and coarse clastic soils are prevalent requires increased attention to the protection of the pipeline insulation cover from the mechanical effects of the environment. The traditional method of protecting the cover by applying fine sandy soil has significant disadvantages, which may in certain circumstances lead to a significant increase in the cost of construction and operation of the pipeline, especially if there is a need for periodic replacement and renewal of the sandy protective layer. To solve this problem, protective structures made of various materials that are installed on the outer surface of the pipeline have become widespread in practice. Protective structures differ considerably both by material and by the method of installation. The materials used in them are quite different in their strength characteristics, have different density, hardness, flexibility, which leads to the complex problem of lack of possibility to compare the protective characteristics of such structures with each other, and therefore the impossibility of selecting the optimal design. The problem is exacerbated by the use of completely different strength and reliability criteria for protective coatings by different manufacturers. Manufacturers are forced to rely on the results of practical and field tests, most often after the protective structure has been applied.
THE “ISKRA” NEWSPAPERS OF THE EKATERINODAR SOCIAL DEMOCRATS DURING THE CIVIL WAR: HISTORY AND TYPOLOGY
Authors: Kidakoeva Z.
Published: December 2024

This article reconstructs the history of the Social Democratic newspaper «Iskra,» which made four attempts to establish itself in the Kuban information space during the first half of 1918. Each time, the «anti-Bolshevik» character of the newspaper led to its closure. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the thematic diversity and the history of the publication, from its first issue, published on May 31, 1918, to the final closure of the newspaper by the Kuban government in the autumn of the same year. Particular attention is given to the political and social context in which the publication emerged, emphasizing the significance of intra-party splits that influenced the editorial policy of the Social Democratic newspaper «Iskra.» The article highlights the role of individuals such as Ivan Dmitrievich Golman, Leonid Semyonovich Nadezhdin-Yampolsky, Alexey Borisovich Baron, and others, who were instrumental in the creation of the newspaper. The author concludes that studying the history, typology, and themes of publications like «Iskra» allows for a deeper understanding not only of the political and social processes of that time but also of the significance of print media as sources through which local historical events are reconstructed.
CONTENT AND GENRE ORIGINALITY OF THE CYCLES OF ESSAYS BY A. N. TOLSTOY ABOUT THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors: Boyarkina N.
Published: December 2024

The article examines three main cycles of military essays by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, which were created by the writer during military missions to the combat zone on the Southwestern and Caucasian fronts of the First World War – «In Volhynia», «In Galicia» and «In the Caucasus». The features of Tolstoy’s reflection of the reality of wartime are analyzed. The genre affiliation of Tolstoy’s military essays of the period under study, which are defined as a military travelogue, is established. In particular, from the point of view of belonging to this genre, such a feature of the writer’s military journalistic prose as compositional fragmentation with meaningful unity is considered.
CHANGING THE ATTITUDE OF GIRLS TOWARDS GENDER-ORIENTED MASS MEDIA
Authors: Smeyuha V. , Cherkasova L.
Published: December 2024

The history of the formation of domestic women’s and men’s magazines began in the pre-revolutionary period, at the present stage they continue their development. The characteristics of the gender-oriented press and its subject matter are influenced by a number of factors: changes in the socio-political, economic, and cultural situation in society, and the improvement of technology. So, today the media industry includes printed gender-oriented magazines, online publication sites, online magazines that regularly update typological concepts, implement advertising and marketing strategies in order to maintain and increase the number of readership. The purpose of this article is to consider the changing attitude of the female youth audience to gender-oriented media and mass media, gender images of these publications. During the conducted sociological research (survey, questionnaire), the opinion of Rostov female students about women’s and men’s publications, dating sites and their impact on the audience was studied. The study was conducted in three stages: 2016, 2021, and 2023, which allowed us to record changes in the characteristics of media consumption of the female youth audience and attitudes towards gender-oriented media and mass media. The authors concluded that the audience’s interest in these types of media and media resources is associated with the characteristics of the media market, the emergence (closure) of media communications, the improvement of Internet technologies, and ensuring media security. The attention of girls to certain gender media images is formed under the influence of relevant gender concepts disseminated by both gender-oriented publications and mass media, while the audience cannot independently analyze the quality of gender-oriented content, in connection with which a conclusion is made about the need to increase the level of media education of the mass audience.
PECULIARITIES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE AFTRELIFE IN PAUL AUSTER’S NOVEL “TIMBUKTU”
Authors: Mazina E. , Polhovskaya E.
Published: December 2024

The object of research in the article is a postmodernist interpretation of the afterlife in the novel “Timbuktu” by an American author Paul Auster. The study of this problem expands our knowledge of various views on posthumous life reflected in contemporary fiction and allows us to identify the diversity of linguistic and artistic means of authors’ mythmaking in postmodernist works. The wide representation of the theme of the afterlife in literature and art of the late 20th – early 21st centuries, as well as its insufficient study make this research topical. The analysis reveals that P. Auster, being a postmodernist mythmaker, deconstructs the myth of the afterlife, creates his own mythologem, nominates it, playing with its meanings, sets an ironic mode of its perception. In the article the method of cognitive analysis is used to identify the conceptual features of the notion of the afterlife and the features of its nominative field; the method of mythological analysis helps to disclose the peculiarities of the transformation of traditional Christian ideas about the next world. The article reveals the features of the writer’s mythmaking and highlights the originality of the author’s narrative.
THE EVOLUTION OF RELIGION
Authors: Kostromickaya Anna
Published: December 2024

Understanding religion requires explaining why supernatural beliefs, devotions, and rituals are both universal and variable across cultures, and why religion is so often associated with both large-scale cooperation and enduring group conflict. Emerging lines of research suggest that these oppositions result from the convergence of three processes. First, the interaction of certain reliably developing cognitive processes, such as our ability to infer the presence of intentional agents, favors—as an evolutionary by-product—the spread of certain kinds of counterintuitive concepts. Second, participation in rituals and devotions involving costly displays exploits various aspects of our evolved psychology to deepen people’s commitment to both supernatural agents and religious communities. Third, competition among societies and organizations with different faith-based beliefs and practices has increasingly connected religion with both within-group prosociality and between-group enmity. This connection has strengthened dramatically in recent millennia, as part of the evolution of complex societies, and is important to understanding cooperation and conflict in today’s world.