bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contents of constituents and antioxidant activity of seed and pulp extracts of Annona coriacea and Annona sylvatica
Authors: Benites RSR. , Formagio ASN. , Argandoña EJS. , Volobuff CRF. , Trevizan LNF. , Vieira MC. , Silva MS.
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe antioxidant potential of fruit pulp and seeds of extracts of the Annona coriacea, and A. sylvatica(Annonaceae) were investigated, as well contents total phenolics, flavonoids, condensed tannins and ascorbic acid. Was used to determine the antioxidant activity the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching and ABTS radical cation method. The total phenol, total flavonoid, condensed tannin, and ascorbic acid contents were measured spectrophotometrically. In this study, the pulp and seeds of the fruits were extracted using methanol/water (8:2) for maceration. The seed extracts of A. coriacea demonstrated a moderate antioxidant effect with free radical scavenging activity of 31.53%, by the DPPH test, 51.59% by the β-carotene bleaching test and 159.50 µM trolx/g of extract in the ABTS assay. We found that the hydromethanolic seed extract of A. coriacea had high total phenol (147.08 ± 4.20 mg of GAE/g of extract) and flavonoid (131.18 ± 2.31 mg of QE/g of extract) content. This indicated that the antioxidant activity of the extracts was related to the contents of these constituents.
The effects of rainfall and vegetation on litterfall production in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Lopes MCA , Araújo VFP , Vasconcellos A
Published: September 2015

AbstractLitterfall has a strong influence on biodiversity and on the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil. Its production can be quite variable over time and space, and can be influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors. We evaluated litterfall production and its relationship with rainfall, species richness, and the densities of the arboreal vegetation. Thirty litter traps were constructed with 1.0 m2 nylon mesh (1.0 mm) and randomly installed within a 2000 m × 500 m area of arboreal/shrub Caatinga (dryland) vegetation. Litter samples were collected monthly from November/2010 to June/2012, and the collected material was classified, dried, and weighted. Species richness and tree densities were determined by conducting phytosociological surveys in 20 m × 20 m plots surrounding each of the litter traps. The litterfall accumulation rate was 3.673 Mgha–1yr–1, similar to values from other seasonally dry tropical forests. Litterfall production was continuous, and principally accompanied the rainfall rate, but with a time interval of 2 to 3 months, with the greatest accumulation at the beginning of the dry season and the least during the rainy season. The different fractions of materials demonstrated distinct accumulation rates, with leaves being the principal category. Litterfall production was found to be related to tree density, but no link was found to species richness. The observed temporal heterogeneity of litterfall production demonstrated a strong link between rainfall and the dynamics of nutrient cycling in the semiarid region of Brazil.
Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Odonatos da Estação Ecológica de Maracá - Roraima.
Authors: Machado Ângelo B. M. , Mesquita Hugo G. , Machado Paulo Augusto R.
Published: September 2015

Estudou-se a fauna odonatológica da Estação Ecológica de Maracá, no Estado de Roraima, com base em material coletado nas matas e campos de sua parte oriental. Foram coletadas 61 espécies das quais 3 são novas para a ciência (Epipleoneura, Leptobasisa. Lestes) e serão descritas em outro trabalho e 8 constituem novos registros para a fauna brasileira (Aeolagrion demerarum, Argia pulla, Hetaerina mortua, Hetaerina westfalli, Meta leptobasis manicaria., Neoneura denticulata, Neoneura gaida, Protoneura amatoria). Verificou-se que as espécies de grande distribuição geográfica, geralmente mais comuns, pre-dominam nas áreas de savana, enquanto nas matas predominam as de distribuição geográfica mats restrita. Os resultados ressaltam a grande semelhança que existe entre a fauna de Maracá e a da Venezuela.
Pseudoscorpiões foréticos de Stenodontes spinibarbis (Lin., 1758) (Coleoptera) e redescrição de Lechytia chthoniiformis (Balzan, 1890) (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) da Ilha de Maracá - Roraima.
Authors: Aguiar Nair Otaviano , Bührnheim Paulo F.
Published: September 2015

Em excursão à ilha de Maracã, Estação Ecológica da Secretaria Especial do Meio Ambiente, Roraima, Brasil, de 16 a 22/3/1988, foram coletados com isca luminosa (luz mista de mercúrio), seis exemplares de Stenodontes spinibarbis (Lin., 1758). Quatro desses coléopteros carregavam Pseudoscorpiões de três espécies: Lechutia chthoniiformis (Balzan, 1980), Neocheiridium carticum (Balzan,1890) e Lustrochernes intermedius (Balzan, 1891). As duas primeiras espécies são assinaladas agora na Amazônia e pela primeira vez em forésia. A última, já registrada para a região Amazônica, ainda não tinha sido encontrada em forésia. Fornecem-se dados sobre estes exemplares e redescreve-se Lechytia chthoniiformis.
Grupo técnico de informação em saúde e populações: contribuições para a política nacional de informação e informática em saúde
Authors: Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Pinheiro Marta Macedo Kerr , Watanabe Yoshimi José Ávila , Silva Cristiano José da
Published: September 2015

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa que teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as contribuições do Grupo Técnico de Informação em Saúde e Populações (GTISP) para a construção da Política Nacional de Informação e Informática em Saúde (PNIIS). Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa documental a partir dos relatórios das oficinas de trabalho do GTISP, no âmbito dos Congressos Brasileiros de Saúde Coletiva, no período de 1992 a 2013. Após a análise preliminar, procedeu-se à Análise de Conteúdo dos documentos. Verificou-se que o GTISP tem contribuído para aconstrução da PNIIS propondo: a valorização do entono sócio-cultural que envolve a política de informação; a necessidade de construir uma política de informação para a área de forma coletiva, plural, pactuada e gerida de forma colegiada; o resgate da informação como um direito de todos e a necessidade de romper com o modelo de gestão da informação hegemônico no Brasil; a definição de planos diretores com vistas à suplantar as dificuldades reconhecidas no campo da informação e informática em saúde. Conclui-se que apesar das contribuições do GTISP para a construção da política de informação em saúde, a mesma ainda não foi legitimada. É preciso avançar em sua definição e reconhecimento em todas as esferas de governo, bem como no locus assistencial.
Representação no domínio bibliográfico: um olhar sobre os Formatos MARC 21
Authors: Assumpção Fabrício Silva , Santos Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa
Published: September 2015

Resumo: A representação da informação tem sido realizada em diversos domínios, um deles o domínio bibliográfico, onde está pautada em instrumentos, princípios, modelos e tecnologias, tais como os padrões de metadados e as codificações. Entre os padrões de metadados utilizados nesse domínio, estão os Formatos MARC 21, com origens na década de 1960. Considerando o amplo uso desses padrões, tem-se por objetivo (1) destacar os propósitos que conduziram à criação dos Formatos MARC 21, (2) apresentar as características da codificação dos registros nesses formatos e (3) discutir as principais críticas sobre sua situação atual. Para tanto, é realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a origem do MARC e seu desenvolvimento até o MARC 21 e sobre a codificação de registros. Assim, é apresentada a codificação com a XML e o esquema MARCXML, bem como críticas aos Formatos MARC 21. Conclui-se que, apesar das críticas, os Formatos MARC 21 continuam sendo amplamente utilizados e disseminados e que, apesar das vantagens oferecidas pela XML, a codificação com a norma ISO 2709, criada para o intercâmbio de dados em fitas magnéticas na década de 1960, ainda é utilizada.
Two new species of the banjo catfish Bunocephalus Kner (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the upper and middle rio São Francisco basins, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Tiago P. , Cardoso Alexandre R. , Friel John P. , Reis Roberto E.
Published: September 2015

Two new species of banjo catfish of the genus Bunocephalus are described from the upper and middle rio São Francisco basins of Brazil. Bunocephalus hartti is distinguished from all its congeners by the absence of serrations along the anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine in adults (vs. presence of serrations along the anterior margin of the spine). Bunocephalus minerim can be diagnosed from all congeners,except B. larai, by the absence of an epiphyseal bar between the paired frontals (vs. presence of the epiphyseal bar at least in adults). Bunocephalus minerim is distinguished from B. larai and other congeners, except B. chamaizelus , by having nine principal caudal-fin rays (vs. 10 principal caudal-fin rays).
Genetic structuring of Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 (Teleostei: Characiformes) in the rio Paraná basin as revealed by microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers
Authors: Silva Juliana Viana da , Hallerman Eric M. , Orfão Laura Helena , Hilsdorf Alexandre Wagner Silva
Published: September 2015

Genetic variation of Salminus hilarii was assessed by screening microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-loop DNA across four sampling in the upper rio Paraná basin of Brazil. Genetic diversity - measured as mean expected heterozygosity (0.904) and mean number of alleles across populations (13.7) - was reasonably high. Differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies among populations was shown to be low but significant by AMOVA Φ ST (0.0192), and high by D EST (0.185). D-loop variation was high, with haplotypic diversity of 0.950 and nucleotide diversity of 0.011. Mitochondrial DNA-based estimates for population differentiation were high, with an overall Φ ST of 0.173. The results of tests of nuclear and mitochondrial variation yielded no unequivocal inference of historical demographic bottleneck or expansion. Genetic differentiation observed among S. hilarii populations in the rio Grande may be caused by a combination of historical differentiation and recent gene-flow disruption caused by the dams followed by reproduction of isolated spawning assemblages in mid-sized tributaries of the respective reservoirs. We present spatially more intensive sampling of S. hilarii populations across the rio Paraná basin in order to more effectively distinguish between historical and contemporary differentiation.
Percepções dos colonos a respeito da natureza no sertão da Capitania do Rio Grande
Authors: Macedo Helder A. Medeiros de
Published: September 2015

O artigo analisa os requerimentos de concessão de terras das Capitania do Rio Grande referentes à última metade do século XVII, objetivando demonstrar a visão do colonizador a respeito da natureza presente no sertão. Da análise dessas fontes, tomando a relação entre espaço e natureza como foco, evidencia-se as diferentes percepções do colono acerca das terras que estavam sendo apropriadas e dos elementos naturais aí presentes, que vão sendo omitidos à medida que o sistema colonial avança sobre o interior.
Capitães de bibocas: casamentos e compadrios construindo redes sociais originais nos sertões cariocas (Capela de Sapopemba, freguesia de Irajá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, século XVIII)
Authors: Pedroza Manoela da Silva
Published: September 2015

Este artigo tenta compreender as relações dinâmicas entre estratégias familiares e produção agrícola no século XVIII. Nosso objetivo é ver como algumas famílias mobilizaram estrategicamente os recursos mais ou menos limitados de que dispunham para consolidarem redes sociais muito particulares em torno dos engenhos de cana-de-açúcar. Trabalhamos com os conceitos de redes de parentela, famílias e estratégias em nível local, segundo metodologia da microanálise. Nosso objeto são alguns casais que se casaram na capela do Engenho de Sapopemba, na freguesia de Irajá, no Rio de Janeiro, e nossa fonte principal são registros de batismo, casamento e óbito. Tentaremos comprovar que existiam trocas socialmente interessadas entre parentes consanguíneos, por casamento e por compadrio, e que alguns 'casamentos desiguais' foram o ponto de partida de um vínculo estratégico em termos de terra e trabalho entre lavradores e senhores, criando pontes entre o mundo do trabalho, da terra e da parentela.
NOTAS SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA TRANSNACIONAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Martins Carlos Benedito
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo, tendo como referência analítica a relação reciproca entre processo de globalização e ensino superior, tem por objetivo abordar determinas transformações que estão ocorrendo no ensino superior nas sociedades contemporâneas. Apoiado numa bibliografia pertinente ao tema, o artigo salienta que, no contexto da globalização, o ensino superior não se confina mais nos limites das sociedades nacionais, mas transborda para além de suas fronteiras. Indica a emergência de determinados acontecimentos ocorridos nas últimas décadas que conduziram o ensino superior a atuar num espaço transnacional. As informações fornecidas pelo artigo tendem a indicar que, nas sociedades contemporâneas, o ensino superior vem adquirindo, cada vez mais, uma dimensão relacional, de tal modo que as universidades e seus respectivos países estão constantemente se comparando e competindo uns com os outros em busca de prestígio acadêmico no contexto internacional do ensino superior.
ACOMPANHAMENTO DE EGRESSOS DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: experiência brasileira e internacional
Authors: Paul Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2015

Este artigo traça um panorama das diversas experiências de acompanhamento de egressos do ensino superior, destacando as metodologias utilizadas nos diferentes países ou em projetos internacionais. Os dispositivos de acompanhamento resultam de políticas governamentais ou de instituições autônomas e visam a dar maior visibilidade ao sistema de ensino superior cada vez mais complexo. Fornecendo subsídios essenciais para a avaliação dos resultados dos sistemas educativos, os dispositivos de acompanhamento atingiram os melhores indicadores de funcionamento no caso italiano, Alma Laurea. No Brasil, há experiências díspares, começando nos anos 1970, passando pelos estudos na USP e UFC no início dos 1990, até o estágio atual, com a proliferação de portais de egressos. Constituem exigências metodológicas do acompanhamento, conforme indica a experiência: caráter institucional sistemático e participativo; periodicidade regular e atualização permanente; utilização de tecnologias da informação para coleta de dados; definição clara e adequada da população a ser atingida, segundo os tipos de diplomas; produção de escalas adequadas para a avaliação dos destinos ocupacionais e sua relação com a formação; e disponibilização dos bancos de dados para a comunidade acadêmica.
Potentially inappropriate medication prescribed to elderly outpatients at a general medicine unit
Authors: Faustino Christine Grützmann , Martins Milton de Arruda , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications prescribed for elderly patients, to identify the most commonly involved drugs, and to investigate whether age, sex and number of medications were related with the prescription of these drugs. Methods: Prescriptions for 1,800 elderly patients (≥ 60 years) were gathered from a database. These prescriptions were written by general physicians at a tertiary level university hospital in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from February to May 2008. Only one prescription per patient was considered. The prescriptions were classified according to sex and age (60-69, 70-79 and ≥ 80). The Beers criteria (2003 version) were used to evaluate potentially inappropriate medications. Results: Most of the sample comprised women (66.6%) with a mean age of 71.3 years. The mean prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions was 37.6%. The 60-69 age group presented the highest prevalence (49.9%). The most frequently prescribed potentially inappropriate medications to women were carisoprodol, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine; amitriptyline, carisoprodol, fluoxetine and clonidine were prescribed more often to men. The female sex (p<0.001; OR=2.0) and number of medications prescribed (p<0.001) were associated with prescription of potentially inappropriate medications. The chance of having a prescription of these drugs was lower among patients aged over 80 years (OR=0.7). The mean number of prescribed medications for both sexes and all age groups was 7.1. The mean number of medications per patient was higher among females (p<0.001); this result was not age-dependent (p=0.285). Conclusion: The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications was similar to previously reported values in the literature and was correlated with the female sex. The chance of having a potentially inappropriate medication prescription was lower among patients aged over 80 years. The chance of having a potentially inappropriate medications prescription increased proportionally with the number of medications prescribed (≥ 5).
Factors affecting autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell collections by large-volume leukapheresis: a single center experience
Authors: Sakashita Araci Massami , Kondo Andrea Tiemi , Ribeiro Andreza Alice Feitosa , Cipolletta Andrea Neri Folchini , Colesanti Monica Vilela , Hamerschlak Nelson , Kutner Jose Mauro
Published: September 2015

Objective: To evaluate factors affecting peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell yield in patients undergoing large-volume leukapheresis for autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection. Methods: Data from 304 consecutive autologous peripheral blood stem cell donors mobilized with hematopoietic growth factor (usually G-CSF), associated or not with chemotherapy, at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein between February 1999 and June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The objective was to obtain at least 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg of body weight. Pre-mobilization factors analyzed included patient's age, gender and diagnosis. Post mobilization parameters evaluated were pre-apheresis peripheral white blood cell count, immature circulating cell count, mononuclear cell count, peripheral blood CD34+ cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin level. The effect of pre and post-mobilization factors on hematopoietic stem cell collection yield was investigated using logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate approaches). Results: Pre-mobilization factors correlating to poor CD34 + cell yield in univariate analysis were acute myeloid leukemia (p = 0.017) and other hematological diseases (p = 0.023). Significant post-mobilization factors included peripheral blood immature circulating cells (p = 0.001), granulocytes (p = 0.002), hemoglobin level (p = 0.016), and CD34+ cell concentration (p < 0.001) in the first harvesting day. However, according to multivariate analysis, peripheral blood CD34+ cell content (p < 0.001) was the only independent factor that significantly correlated to poor hematopoietic stem cell yield. Conclusion: In this study, peripheral blood CD34+ cell concentration was the only factor significantly correlated to yield in patients submitted to for autologous collection.
Molecular aspects of bladder cancer
Authors: Amorim Gelbert Luiz Chamon do Carmo , Veloso Denny Fabricio Magalhães , Vieira José Carlos , Alves Paulo Roberto
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT One of the most important objectives of genetic markers of cancer will be the possible identification of individuals at greatest risk in order to allow better management and prognosis. Many urological tumors were associated to various types of gene alterations with a great number of genes involved in the process, hindering gene therapy. This treatment uses specific techniques and one or several genes are manipulated in the laboratory in order to induce molecular alterations that may block the oncogenic process. The article addresses these issues emphasizing the importance of the new molecular biology techniques.
Examining the Responsibility about Climate Change Influence on Personal Norm and Pro-environmental Behaviour in Tourism Condition
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Yoo Kwang-Min , Kim Hyun-Jung , Kim Nam-Jo
Published: September 2015

Tourism is being asked for efforts to adapt climate change. Promoting pro environmental behaviour of tourist is the important strategy about it. But in tourism condition, tourist have a tendency to lower participation in eco-friendly behavior. So, strategies to promote pro environmental behaviour is needed. In order to establish appropriate strategies, it is needed to understand which factors facilitate pro environmental behaviour. This study conducted the responsibility about climate change influence on personal norms and pro environmental behaviour. According to study result, personal responsibility among responsibility about climate change activate personal norm and promote pro environmental behaviour in tourism condition. And descriptive norm than injunctive norm among personal norm have more powerful influence on it. Therefore, to increase tourist's participation on pro environmental behaviour, activities to raise the awareness that tourist has the responsibility about climate change and tourist's action conducting pro environmental behaviour on tourism condition is more desirable are necessary.
Incidence of injuries with the practice of active video games.
Authors: Perrier-Melo Raphael José , Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz de , Fernandes Matheus Santos de Sousa , Pereira Sandro Vinicius Vidal de Negreiros , Costa Manoel da Cunha
Published: September 2015

Introduction: The active video games (AVGs) emerge in order to enhance the participation of physical activity (PA) in sedentary people. However, it has been seen that the practice is associated with the development of many lesions. Objectives: To present a review of the major injuries reported during and/or after the session with active video games. Method: The procedure of search of the literature was composed by two researchers independently (RJ) and (JL), in databases: Bireme®, PubMed®, Scopus® and Web of Knowledge®, between the years 2006 (year of creation and sales of Nintendo Wii) to 2014, only in the english language. Results: Initially identified 664 articles. However, after the selection criteria thirteen papers were selected and analyzed, all were performed with the console Nintendo Wii. Moreover, it can be noted that the games presented a framework of injury with the degree of light to vigorous. Being the major injuries around the shoulder joint and knee. Conclusion: The sports games especially Wii tennis and Wii bowling are the ones generated under higher incidence of injuries with the practice of active video games.
Counteracting Educational Injustice with Applied Critical Leadership: Culturally Responsive Practices Promoting Sustainable Change
Authors: Santamaría Lorri J. , Santamaría Andrés P.
Published: September 2015

This contribution considers educational leadership practice to promote and sustain diversity. Comparative case studies are presented featuring educational leaders in the United States and New Zealand who counter injustice in their practice. The leaders' leadership practices, responsive to the diversity presented in their schools, offer reconceptualizations of educational leadership for a changing society. Applied critical leaders are defined through similarities and differences, followed by suggestions for critical leadership promoting social justice and educational equity and culturally responsive practices to inform policy and practice for sustainable future-focused educational leadership.
Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Leadership for School-Community Culture
Authors: Fraise Nicole Jaenee , Brooks Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is to explore concepts related to culturally relevant pedagogy and connect them to nascent theoretical work in the field on culturally relevant leadership. The article review literature on educational leadership and culture and suggest shortcomings of the way it is currently conceptualized. The article concludes with suggestions for further exploration and development along conceptual and empirical lines.
ISOLATION OF FLAVONOID 3’5’HYDROXILASE GENE FROM SNAKEWEED (Stachytarpheta indica auct. non. (L.) Vahl)
Authors: Dewi Mega H , Anggraini Riska , Mastika Laily M K , Saptasari Murni , Listyorini Dwi
Published: September 2015

Stachytarpheta is one of Indonesian medicinal plants which have a wide species diversity. The bioactive component in snakeweed herb including naringenin, flavonol, and flavon are mainly derivate from phenyl propanoid (flavonoid). The gene encodes F3’5’Hydroxilation (F3’5H) involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid product, by means of catalysis hydroxylation on the C atom #3 and #5 of benzene ring. Recently, has not yet meet publication about F3’5’H from snakeweed herb. The aim of this study was to isolate F3’5H gene from Stachytarpheta indica, using primers which were designed from conserve region of Petunia hybrida F3’5’H gene; HF1 and HF2 alleles. Forward primer is 5'-TGATGCTGCTAAAGCATTCT-3' and reverse primer is 5’GTGCACGCAGGTGACATATG-3’. The amplified fragments were un-specific non-consensus sequences, suggested that two homolog gene locus were isolated. Sequence analysis showed that both share two different domains; conserve-upstream and homolog-downstream domains. It is suggested that Stachytarpheta indica may possesses different alleles for F3’5’H, i.e. HF1 and HF2, as of Petunia hybrida. Keywords: F3’5’H gene, Stachytarpheta indica, snakeweed
EFFECT OF Aloe vera GEL ON SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE (SOD) LEVEL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN (STZ)-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR Rattus novergicus LIVER
Authors: Ariani Nia Lukita , Gofur Abdul , Listyorini Dwi , Susanto Hendra , Handaya Yuda
Published: September 2015

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the increasing levels of blood glucose as a result of either impaired of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Persistent hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress. Aloe vera is known of having an antioxidant activity. One of intrinsic antioxidant enzyme is superoxide dismutase (SOD) which eliminates superoxide radical. This research aims to determine the effect of Aloe vera gel on SOD level in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver. Wistar strain of Rattus novergicus used in this research were grouped into eight groups, consist of negative control (K-), non diabetic groups (NDM) consist of NDM 1 (dose of 30 mg/day), NDM 2 (dose of 60 mg/day), NDM 3 (dose of 120 mg/day), positive control (DM), and the DM group consists of DM 1 (dose of 30 mg/day), DM 2 (dose of 60 mg/day), and DM 3 (dose of 120 mg/day), with three replications each. Diabetic rats were induced using an intra-peritoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW STZ. Three milliliters of Aloe vera gel were given intragastrointestinally for 14 days started from three days after injection of STZ. The level of liver SOD was measured with spectrophotometer.The results of One-Way Anova showed that Aloe vera gel has a significant effect on SOD levels (p< 0.05). Further analysis using LSD showed that only the treatment of NDM with 60 mg/day of Aloe vera gel giving a significant decreasing of SOD level compared to (K-). The conclusion is that Aloe vera has potency as a natural antioxidant. Keywords: Aloe vera, diabetes mellitus, superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver, streptozotocin (STZ)
MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 2-Alpha (MIP-2) IN HIV PATIENTS LEADING TO LUNG INJURY AFTER Pneumocystis jiroveci INFECTION
Authors: Putri Rizqa Febriliany , Chitivema Egtheastraqita , Marwoto Marwoto , Prasetyo Afiono Agung
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Exuberant inflammation during Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci strongly promotes pulmonary injury in HIV patients and suggested caused by Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2- Alpha (MIP-2) as a strong chemoattractant.Aims: To understanding the potential roles of MIP-2 in the pulmonary injury in HIV patients.Methods: All complete coding sequences of human MIP-2 deposited inGenBank were downloadedand subjected for bioinformatics analysis.Results: Human MIP-2 lacks the highly conserved purine at position -3 but possess many features of the consensus sequence. The consensus polyadenylation signal was present in the hu-MIP-2a cDNA at position 1182-1187of the 3' untranslated region followed by a poly(A) beginning at nucleotide 1202. The cysteine alignment and the presence of non conserved amino acid were defining the properties of chemokines in case of what substances that could be attracted. The mechanism of lung injury perhaps does not caused by alteration of MIP-2 directly. Keywords: MIP-2, HIV, lung injury, Pneumocystis jiroveci
CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF AQUADEST, ETHANOLIC, AND CHLOROFORM EXTRACTS OF Spathoglottis plicata Blume ON BREAST CANCER CELLS LINE (T47D CELLS)
Authors: Holle Mukhlish Jamal Musa , Puspitasari Hestri Dyah , Satryo Andaru , Ningrum Wahyu Dewi Astuti , Sudigyo Digdo , Nuriliani Ardaning
Published: September 2015

Breast cancer is one of cancer with high mortality. This cancer not only attacks women, but also men. Indonesia has many plants which potential as anticancer, such as orchids. Spathoglottis plicata is one of the orchid species that abundant in Indonesia and has a lot of antioxidant compounds which is guessed have anticancer properties. The objectives of this study were to study the cytotoxic activity and IC50 value of aquadest, ethanolic, and chloroform extracts of S. plicata’s pseudobulbs, leaves, and whole plants on T47D cells (breast cancer cells line) as well as cytotoxic activity of the specific fraction of the most toxic crude extract. S. plicata used in this study was obtained from Bungarinte nursery. Extractions were done by maceration method using aquadest, ethanol, and chloroform as the solvent. Cytotoxic test on T47D cells were done by MTT assay. The cytotoxic data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test. The IC50 of each extracts were calculate by probit analysis. The lowest IC50 value among all extracts was fractionated and isolated by preparative TLC. The cytotoxic activity and IC50 of this fractions were analyzed. The results showed that only 2 from 9 crude extracts that able to calculate its IC50 because those two extracts have concentration dependent pattern of inhibition concentration. Chloroform extract have the lowest IC50 value (369,837 μg/mL). Then, this extract fractionated by eluen n-hexane : ethyl acetate 4:1. Four fractions were collected. The lowest IC50 value is fraction IV (144,41 μg/mL). Based on the results it could be concluded that S. plicata leaves have moderate potency to develop as anticancet agents, especially on breast cancer. Keywords: S. plicata, T47D cells, cytotoxic, MTT assay, preparative TLC.
ANTIOXIDANT AND IMMUNOSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDES EXTRACTED FROM CUBED-SNAILFISH (Liparis tessellatus Gilbert & Burke, 1912) EGGS
Authors: Ticar Bernadeth F , Ticar Bernadeth T , Rohmah Zuliyati , Rohmah Zuliyati , Park Si-Hyang , JoonChoi Yeung , Choi Byeong-dae
Published: September 2015

An optimized enzymatic extraction using protamexTM was established for polysaccharides from Liparis tesellatus eggs (PLE). Total sugars, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, uronic acids, and hexosamines content of PLE were 43.2%, 9.0%, 23.9%, and 1.73%, respectively. Superoxide radical (SOx*) scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging activity of PLE was tested to proof its antioxidant properties. Results on SOx* scavenging activity revealed that PLE has antioxidant activity although it’s not surpass the activity of Ascorbic acid as standard. DPPH* scavenging activity showed that PLE has activity increasing at a concentration-dependent manner. However, at 1.25 mg/ml, the anti-DPPH activities of PLE lowered, possibly due to the pro-oxidant action of the sample. PLE also has effects on NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, suggestive of their possible immunostimulating potential in the human body. On human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell line), HT29 and AGS cells lines, PLE was proofed has no toxicity and showed proliferative effects. This effect showed that PLE could have potency as wound healing promoter. An inference can be made that, PLE has indispensable antioxidant potencies as well as cell proliferating activities on specific cell lines which are deemed necessary in the field of medicine and their utilization as functional food supplements. Keywords: Antioxidant, Fish eggs, Immunostimulator, Liparis tessellatus, Polysaccharides
SEX DETERMINATION OF BALI STARLING (Leucopsar rothschildi) USING MOLECULAR SEXING
Authors: Wirastika Putu Indra Pramana , Yuda Ignatius Pramana , Zahida Felicia
Published: September 2015

Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) are monomorphic at the age of nestling. For the conservation of bird it important is to determine its sex at the earlier stage. Conventional methods have limitations. This study applied PCR-based molecular sexing to answer this issue. This study aimed to obtain the most effective molecular primers to identify the sex of Bali starling. The most common used combination of P2/P8, 2550F/ 2718R and 1237L/1272H primers, which amplify CHD1 gene (Chromo-helicase-DNA-binding) were evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from secondary wing feathers of young Bali Starling. Separation in agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed that the three primers were successfully amplified the samples with different degrees of success, that was 90% (P2/P8), 86.7% (2550F/2718R), and 73.3% (1237L/1272H), respectively. However, only the combination of P2/P4 and 2550F/2718R primers was able to sex Bali Starling based on observation of PCR products on agarose gel. The sizes of the genes were slightly different with those reported on previous studies. Most of the results of molecular sexing were in accordance with the sex based on morphological characters.

Keywords : Bali starling, Leucopsar rothschildi, molecular sexing, CHD gene
THE BIRD SPECIES IN YOGYAKARTA CITY: DIVERSITY, GUILD TYPE COMPOSITION AND NEST
Authors: _ Suripto , A B , Surakhman H.S. , _ Setiawan , Al Muthiya J.
Published: September 2015

Ornitholog past studies focused on the natural environment, now they have a lot of studying birds in urban areas. In Java inhabited by 368 species of birds recorded settler and nomad 126 species of birds , but it is not known how many types of them which now lives in urban areas. Bird diversity in the city of Yogyakarta, which was founded in 1755 and now has a population of 388 627 inhabitants, is unknown. The research objective was to determine the diversity, the proportion of community based on the type of bird feed (guild) and bird species nest in the city of Yogyakarta. The study was conducted during the day in April-May 2013 in the 7 villages of 3 subdistricts in the city center Kraton, Gondomanan and Ngampilan. Data colection used Point of Abundance Index method, and analyzed by the Shannon Diversity Index - Wienner ; types of feed directly observed and are determined based on a review of literature and the proportion of bird communities based on guild were analyzed with the use of modified importance value index ; nest observed directly and analyzed descriptively. The results showed in Yogyakarta were found 28 species of birds covered in 11 familia with moderate levels of diversity (diversity index 2.2) and 5 types including protected status that is Anthresep malacensis, Nectarinia jugularis and Arachnothera longirostra (Fam.Nectariniidae), Alcedo atthis and Halcyon cyanoventris (Fam. Alcedinidae). Composition based on the guild type is graminivorous (46.58 %), nectarivorous
(46.51 %), nectrivoous (5.53 %), frugivorous (1.08 %), and 0.29 % piscivorous, and was found at least nine species of birds that nest in the city of Yogyakarta. Therefore, birds in the city of Yogyakarta is quite diverse and populated several protected species, it is necessary to research on biological properties, especially the origins, patterns of reproduction and structural adaptation and behavior.

Keywords : City of Yogyakarta, birds, diversity index, type of feed, nest
DRY-FIELD (TEGALAN) AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS AS MINIATURE NATURE FOREST IN OUTSIDE FOREST AREA ON BULU - GIRIPURWO VILLAGE, GIRIMULYO DISTRICT, KULONPROGO
Authors: Triwiyanto Chandra Nur , Suryanto Priyono , _ Budiadi
Published: September 2015

A dry-field (tegalan) is one of the subsystems of classical agroforestry, where there is no intensive management of both the spacing and the selection of the type that is considered. Dry-field (tegalan) agroforestry subsystems have a state that resembles natural forest ecosystems. It became an opportunity execution of research related to the stands composition of dry-field (tegalan) and forest nature. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of developing agroforestry in Bulu and the relation of the natural forest. This research was conducted in Bulu-Giripurwo Village, Girimulyo District, Kulonprogo. Data was collected at 36 sample plots representing 3 strata. The first stratum had an area of < 1000 m2, the second 1,000 m2–2,000 m2, and the third > 2,000 m2. K-Means Cluster Analysis and exponential equation modeling was used to analyze the dry-field (tegalan). The results of this study indicate that there were three models of management of cultivated land in Bulu; the Mixed Model, Model MPTS dominant plants, and forest trees dominant model. Mixed models had the stand equation Y = 3.39 x 2.7128-0,026X with an R2 of 0.798. The dominant MPTS plan models had the stand equation 3,155 x 2.7128-0,021X with an R2 of 0.770. The dominant of forest trees models has stands equation Y = 3.182 x 2.7128-0,024X with R2 of 0.706. These results demonstrate agroforestry modeling subsystem dry-field (tegalan) has characteristics resembling natural forest indicated from the value of R2 that characterized so close with the equation of uneven-aged forest model.

Keywords: Agroforestry, dry-field (tegalan), natural forest
NEW RECORDS OF VENERID BIVALVES (BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE) AT SIDOARJO COASTAL WATER, INDONESIA
Authors: Ambarwati Reni , _ Trijoko
Published: September 2015

The occurrence of two venerid bivalves, Timoclea (Chioneryx) scabra (Hanley) and Clamentia vatneleti Mabille, in coastal water of Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia is reported. They are described and illustrated based on the local specimens collected. Based on available published materials, these two species collected are new records at Sidoarjo Coastal water.

Keywords: Timoclea (Chioneryx) scabra, Clamentia vatneleti, Veneridae, Sidoarjo.
PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC VARIANCE AND HERITABILITY OF STAY GREEN CHARACTER AMONG 22 ELITE SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) GENOTYPES
Authors: _ Anas , Rachmadi Meddy , _ Mansyur
Published: September 2015

Delaying of leaf senescence (stay green) is an effective strategy for increasing of crop yield, particularly under water-limited conditions. Study of genotypic variance of stay green is very useful for breeding program of stay green character. Replicated field experiment was carried out in Farm Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture Padjadjaran University during dry season. The objectives of this study were: i) to estimate genotypic and phenotypic variances of stay green character; ii) to evaluate and investigate stay green performance of the 22 elite sorghum genotypes. High genotypic and phenotypic variances were observed for plant morphology (plant height, stem diameter), leaf morphology (leaf number, leaf width, leaf length and total leaf area) and yield component (panicle length) and were supported by high estimation of heritability value. Corresponding heritability ranged between 0.77 and 0.94. Genotypic variance of stay green characters was narrow and estimation of broad sense heritability was low. Stay green characters in sorghum might be a quantitative character that was controlled by many genes. Unpad 1.3, Unpad 1.1 and 1090 genotype showed good performance for stay green character. These genotypes can be recommended as stay green parental in breeding program.

Keywords: Genotypic variance, Heritability, Phenotypic variance, Sorghum, Stay green
EFFECT OF FOOD TYPES AND HABITATS ON THE VALUE OF FEMALE MATURITY INDEX (FMI) AND GONADO SOMATIC INDEX (GSI) IN THE EGG PRODUCTION OF MANGROVE CRABS, Scylla serrata
Authors: Susanto G. Nugroho , Murwani Sri , Zulhafid Muhammad
Published: September 2015

Mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata) is one of fishery commodities with high economic value for its good taste and nutrients content. Currently, increasing demand for this Crustacean species caused declining its population and for this reason, cultures of brooding crabs have been attempted. This study was carried out to investigate the egg development of mangrove crabs, with the main focus to study the effects of food types and habitats on the value of female maturity index (FMI) and gonado-somatic index (GSI). To investigate the effects of habitats, experiments were carrried out in the two habitats namely tidal flow of pond area and mangrove area. The spawning crabs were reared in a bamboo cage with the size of 2x1,5x1m3 divided into three paralel partition for 9-12 crabs with body weight of 200-250 grams. The crabs in the three partition were fed with three different foods, namely fish for the first partition, squid for the second, and mussel for the third. The results showed that no significant effect of foods and habitats was observed on the value of FMI. However, squid and mangrove habitats affected the growth, such as: an increase the wide of fifth abdomen segment, the widest abdomen segment and body weight during egg development periods. On the other hand, no significant different value of GSI was found on different habitats, but the food types affected the value of GSI.

Keywords : mangrove crabs, FMI, GSI, egg production
CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND TIME PERIOD OF MITOTIC CYCLE OF FESTIVAL AND CALIFORNICA STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS (Fragaria x ananassa AND Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Aristya Ganies Riza , Alyza Rezika , Khoiroh Rosyidatul , Daryono Budi Setiadi
Published: September 2015

The cultivated strawberries, Fragaria x ananassa and Fragaria vesca, are the most economically-important softfruit species. F x ananassa and F vesca, both diploid (2n=2x=14) relatives of the commercial octoploid strawberry, are an attractive model for functional genomics research in Rosaceae. Its small genome size, short reproductive cycle, and facile vegetative and seed propagation make F. x annassa and F.vesca a promising candidates for forward and reverse genetics experiments. In order to determine their genetic differences in more detail, chromosome characterization of the two strawberry cultivars was investigated. A method used for chromosome slides in this research was a squash method with modification in pre-treatment. The result showed Fragaria x ananassa had (2n = 4x = 28) chromosome number is 28 and Fragaria vesca had (2n = 2x = 14) chromosome number is 14. The time of mitotic that both strawberry cultivars was similar at 7 to 8.30 am. In addition, mixoploid cells were found in both strawberry cultivar indicating that these cultivars had been treated by mutagenic agents for a breeding program.

Keywords : Fragaria, chromosome, mitotic
COMPARISON OF THREE DNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION METHODS OF BACTERIAL DNA
Authors: Riffiani Rini , Sulistinah Nunik , Sunarko Bambang
Published: September 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of three methods of nucleic acids extraction from gram-positive bacteria by evaluating the quantity and purity of DNA extracts. Nucleic acids extraction of gram-positive bacteria is normally hampered by a thick and resistant cell wall. Gram positive bacteria usually have a thick cell wall consisting mainly of many layers of peptidoglycan, which is not easily destroyed. This paper compares the different procedures based on mechanical and enzymatic cell breakage to extract DNA from Rhodoccocus pyridinivorans using GES method, Ultraclean Microbial DNA isolation Kit, and Prepman Microbial DNA isolation kit. DNA extracts were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectroscopy. Yield and quality of DNA obtained by the GES method were higher than the other methods. Nucleic acids extracts with the highest yield and purity were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using various primers targeted on gene encoding nitrilase gene such as BLITF and PNITR, a NH1 and a NH2, ß NH1 and ß NH2, Amd1 and Amd 2. The gene encoding for nitrilase were amplified which was confirmed by sequencing analyses. However, the targeted gene length from the primes was not obtained. Therefore further amplification optimization may be needed.

Keywords: extraction, DNA isolation Rhodococcus pyridinovorans, nitrilase gene
DUGONG (Dugong dugon) FEEDING BEHAVIOUR IN SEA WORLD INDONESIA, TAMAN IMPIAN JAYA ANCOL, JAKARTA
Authors: Jamaludin Abdul , Sjahfirdi Luthfiralda , Widiarti Riani
Published: September 2015

Dugongs is a protected herbivorous marine mammals (Suwelo et al., 1992) and included in vulnerable category of IUCN(International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) and Appendix I CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) (IUCN 2012). Dugong population continues to decline due to the human threat (Suwelo et al., 1992). Another factor is because Dugong has a low reproductive rate (Hindell & Kirkword 2003). Ex-situ conservation of dugong is become important and has conducted by Sea World Indonesia, Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Jakarta. Research on dugong feeding behaviour can help the ex-situ conservation of dugong. This because feeding behaviour is a main daily behaviour of dugong in the sea (Chilvers et al., 2003). The aim of this research was to describe feeding behaviour of two dugong in Sea World Indonesia. Observations were made in SWI Dugong aquarium with a diameter of 10 meters and two different depth (2 meters and 5 meters). Observations were made during two weeks on December 2012. Behavioral observation time was divided into morning (9:15 to 09:35), (11:30 to 11:50) and
(14:30 to 14:50) observations. The feeding behavior observed was hand-fed, surface-fed and bottom-fed. Daily observations of dugong feeding behavior were done using focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. The data obtained was displayed in the form of tables and graphs. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis reinforced with statistical tests. The statistical tests used were the t-test and ANOVA test. Hand-fed behavior of male dugong (31,30%) was higher than female (29,67%). Results from t-test showed that the hand-fed behaviors of both dugongs were not significantly different. Meanwhile, the other t-test result for surface-fed behavior and bottom-fed behavior of both dugongs was significantly different. Surface-fed behavior of male dugong (65.83%) was higher than female (32.08%). Bottom-fed behavior of male dugong (6.23%) was lower than females (36.63%). Hand-fed behaviour and feed on surface are the adaptation of feeding behavior in captivity. Feed on bottom behaviour is the behavior that similar to dugong feeding in the wild, which is grazing. Based on the observation, it is known that both dugong, male dugong especially, have a good adaptation on hand-fed seagrass behaviour and feed on surface, while the female dugong maintain its natural feeding behavior.

Keywords: Dugong dugon, Sea World Indonesia, feeding behaviour, captive