bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Women of Reproductive Age in Anambra State, South Eastern, Nigeria
Authors: Ozougwu J. C. , Imakwu C. A. , Nwachukwu I. , Okeke O. A.
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women of reproductive age in some selected hospitals in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Methods: This study, conducted from October to December 2021, involved 200 women aged 20 years and above as participants. Prior to specimen collection, informed consent was obtained from each woman by qualified medical personnel. High vaginal swab sticks, labeled and sterile, were used to meticulously and aseptically collect specimens from the high vaginal area. A few drops of normal saline were added to each swab stick, and within 30 minutes of collection, a wet mount examination was performed to ensure optimal results. For the wet preparation of vaginal discharge, a drop from the sample was applied to a clean glass slide with a cover slip, avoiding the trapping of air bubbles. The wet smear was then examined under a microscope using a low-power objective (x10) followed by a high-power objective (x40) to detect motile T. vaginalis. The vaginal secretion was characterized by the presence of epithelial cells, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The T. vaginalis trophozoite was identified based on its oval shape, flagellation, and distinct jerky movement.

Results: The study area had an overall prevalence rate of 11.0% for T. vaginalis infection. Among the selected hospitals, COOUTH had the highest prevalence at 13.24%, while Rock Foundation Hospital had the lowest at 6.67%. Prevalence varied across age groups, with the highest rate of 16.42% found in the 30-39 years age group, and the lowest rate of 5.0% in the 20-29 years age group. Divorced women had the highest prevalence at 60.0%, while singles had the lowest at 4.7% among the marital groups. Among different occupations, traders had the highest prevalence at 12.24%, whereas students and civil servants had the lowest rates at 4.0% and 7.72%, respectively. T. vaginalis infection was only observed in non-pregnant women, with a prevalence rate of 13.3%.

Conclusion: T. vaginalis infection is prevalent among sexually active women of reproductive age in the study area. The findings highlight the importance of practicing good personal hygiene and being faithful to a single sexual partner. It is recommended to raise public awareness regarding the prevention and control of T. vaginalis in order to reduce its prevalence among women in the study area.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO INVESTIMENTO EM CAPITAL INTELECTUAL NO DESEMPENHO DE UMA COOPERTIVA DE CRÉDITO
Authors: De Oliveira Gomes Jéssica Karine , Priebe Anna Caroline , Trento Raupp Francielle Carla , Marques Coelho João Lucas , Dal Vesco Delci Grapégia
Published: June 2023

A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar junto aos colaboradores de uma cooperativa de crédito, a percepção dos mesmos quanto o investimento realizado no Capital Intelectual da cooperativa. Para o alcance do objetivo, utilizou-se da metodologia de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, por meio de survey. Aplicou-se o questionário para os colaboradores das agências, que compõe a cooperativa de crédito que possui sua área de atuação na região oeste do Paraná e região norte paulista. A partir dos resultados do teste t e do p- value as hipóteses foram parcialmente aceitas. Quanto a investigação de se os investimentos feitos em Capital Humano aumentam os desempenhos, tanto de mercado, organizacional, e quanto a satisfação dos colaboradores no trabalho, demonstrou-se que o investimento em capital humano está diretamente associado aos desempenhos e a satisfação dos colaboradores.
Relato Integrado e Religião?
Authors: Sameer El Khatib Ahmed , De Iudícibus Sérgio
Published: June 2023

Nos países do Conselho de Cooperação do Golfo (CCG), o conceito de Relato Integrado (RI) atraiu considerável atenção dos bancos islâmicos, apesar de não ser de observância obrigatória. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar a relação entre divulgação do RI, ainda que voluntária, e o desempenho financeiro, operacional e de mercado em bancos islâmicos e convencionais. Para tanto, foram examinados cinco anos (2015-2019) de RI de 64 bancos em países do CCG, contando com 415 observações. Foi desenvolvido o Índice de divulgação do Relato Integrado (IRI), como variável independente, e regredido separadamente contra três indicadores de desempenho [retorno sobre ativos, retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido e Q de Tobin (QT)] como variáveis ​​dependentes. Além disso, foram inseridas duas variáveis ​​de controle nas equações de regressão: macroeconômicas (dois indicadores) e características do banco (três indicadores). As conclusões extraídas dos resultados empíricos demonstram que, por um lado, o RI em bancos convencionais afeta positivamente o desempenho do mercado, enquanto afeta negativamente o desempenho operacional e financeiro. Por outro lado, os resultados para os bancos islâmicos indicam que o RI afeta negativamente o desempenho do mercado, sem efeito perceptível no desempenho financeiro e operacional. No setor bancário do CCG, para a maioria, os resultados empíricos entram em conflito com as expectativas implícitas na Teoria da Sinalização e na Teoria da Necessidade de Capital. A partir deste estudo, as evidências encontradas, sugerem que o desempenho do banco do CCG não melhoraria se a divulgação de RI se tornasse obrigatória. No entanto, essa conclusão é mais forte com relação aos bancos islâmicos do que com relação aos bancos convencionais da região. O estudo fornece insights sobre o efeito da divulgação voluntária de RI, medida por várias variáveis de desempenho em bancos islâmicos e convencionais localizados nos países do CCG, bem como até que ponto o RI afeta o desempenho dos bancos.
DETERMINANTES DA REMUNERAÇÃO EXECUTIVA
Authors: Regis Costa Thaís
Published: June 2023

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral examinar os determinantes da remuneração executiva das Instituições Financeiras Bancárias (IFBs) listadas na Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3), a partir de uma amostra de 15 empresas, entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Sob o fundamento da Teoria da Agência e da abordagem do Managerial Discretion, buscou-se explicar a remuneração executiva por meio de variáveis de desempenho financeiro e de tamanho da empresa, sob o pressuposto de que estas estariam positivamente relacionadas com a remuneração dos executivos. Com base em dados coletados no sistema Economática e nos Formulários de Referência emitidos pelas empresas junto à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), e, por meio do emprego da metodologia de regressão com dados em painel, os achados apontaram que: (i) apenas uma das variáveis de desempenho apresentou a relação esperada com a variável dependente; e, (ii) a remuneração executiva pode ser explicada pelo tamanho da empresa. Por fim, sugeriu-se para pesquisas futuras: (i) a inclusão de indicadores de governança corporativa na análise de dados em painel; (ii) um estudo comparativo entre as IFBs em análise e as demais instituições financeiras listadas no sítio do Banco Central; e, (iii) a avaliação dos impactos das variáveis explicativas em cada componente do pacote remuneratório dos executivos.
Firearms Industry Immunity From Safety Regulation—A Call to Action
Authors: Cavataro Benjamin L. , Seshan Maya L. , Hargarten Stephen W.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the need for consumer product safety regulation in the firearm industry.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experience Exposure by Disability Status
Authors: Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose Sophia Miryam , Rehkopf David H. , Snyder Michael P. , Slavich George M.
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study uses a population-based dataset to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in people with many different types of disability.
The Role of Long‐Range Interactions Between High‐Entropy Single‐Atoms in Catalyzing Sulfur Conversion Reactions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yu Tong , Xiao Ru , Tang Pei , Fang Ruopian , Li Zhuangnan , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Sun Zhenhua , Li Feng
Published: January 2025

Sulfur conversion reactions are the foundation of lithium–sulfur batteries but usually possess sluggish kinetics during practical battery operation. Herein, a high‐entropy single‐atom catalyst (HESAC) is synthesized for this process. In contrast to conventional dual‐atom catalysts that form metal–metal bonds, the center metal atoms in HESAC are not bonded but exhibit long‐range interactions at a sub‐nanometer distance (<9 Å). The synergistic effect between the long‐range interactions and entropy changes enables the regulation of d‐ and π‐electron states. This alteration in the electronic structure improves the adsorption and electronic conductivity of intermediate polysulfides, thereby accelerating their conversion kinetics. Consequently, this leads to a significant enhancement in specific capacities by ≈40% at high rates compared to single‐atom catalysts. The resulting lithium–sulfur battery with HESAC demonstrates a remarkable areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cm−2 at 10 C. These findings provide valuable insights into the design principle of metal atom catalysts for electrochemical reactions.
Ultrashort Pulsed Laser‐Assisted Direct Restoration of Human Enamel Using 3D Printable Biocomposite
Authors: Loganathan Sarathkumar , Sharma Geeta , Daskalakis Evangelos , Strafford Simon , Kumi Barimah Eric , Jha Animesh
Published: January 2025

Restorative dentistry encounters the prevalence of secondary caries due to the formation of marginal defects during tooth restoration. The present study proposes a dual‐wavelength ultrashort‐pulsed laser system for the direct restoration of damaged enamel to overcome marginal defects. The 2D finite element (FE) laser‐ablative model is developed for studying the laser‐tissue interaction. The laser‐ablated cavities (rectilinear and circular) are prepared on human enamel using 800 nm, Ti:Sapphire femtosecond (fs) laser (100 fs, 1 kHz, 1 mm s−1) at average laser power of 200 mW. Subsequently, the cavity is filled with 3D printed biocomposite (65 wt.% of 3D‐printing resin and 35 wt.% of Ce3+‐ion doped hydroxyapatite) and photocured using 405 nm laser. Further, the postprocessing procedure is carried out using fs laser to remove excessive filler materials and improve surface finish at sub‐ablation threshold of enamel. The surface morphology, chemical compositions, mechanical and interfacial properties of restored enamel surface are evaluated. The in vitro evaluation study confirmed that the enamel restored with fs laser and 3D printing biocomposite is mechanically and chemically robust for withstanding oral challenges. The proposed method of restoring damaged enamel opens an opportunity for a range of precision restorative dentistry procedures including caries and tooth augmentation.
Phase‐Modulation Metasurface‐Based Visible Broadband Absorbers with Polarization Sensitivity or Independence
Authors: Li Liye , Wu Wengang
Published: January 2025

Metasurface‐based broadband absorbers have attracted widespread attention due to the advantages of ultra‐thin, lightweight, flexible design. Currently, the main design principle depends on the amplitude modulation for the incident beam, which requires high‐loss material and multiplex resonances, with fabrication duplication and severe crosstalk. Herein, two kinds of visible broadband metasurface absorbers are proposed based on the phase‐modulation principle. The first is composed of a staggered Al trapezoidal array on the SiO2/Al substrate, where adjacent units have a phase difference of π for the y‐polarized beam to generate the destructive interference, leading to a high average measured absorptivity of 73.37% for the whole visible band. On the contrary, this absorber reflects the x‐polarized beam with a reflectivity of 51.65%. To achieve polarization‐independent absorption, a 3×3 supercell metasurface is proposed, consisting of two groups of quasi‐trapezoidal interlaced arrangements in the x‐ and y‐directions separately. The measured spectra exhibit perfect polarization independence and excellent absorption (84.13%). Besides, both have angle robustness within 60° and refractive index robustness within 1.49. In theory, the influence of diffraction on the absorption effect is emphasized systematically. This research proposes a novel strategy to achieve broadband absorption, which can serve as a platform for polarizers, solar batteries, etc.
Copper‐Mediated C−C Coupling of Alkenyl Boronates and Bromodifluoroacetates
Authors: Yurov Yevhen , Laniush Kamila , Hryschuk Oleksandr V. , Liashuk Oleksandr S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: January 2025

The reaction of alkenyl boronates and bromodifluoroacetates in the presence of copper powder and TMEDA as the catalytic system was developed. The corresponding C−C coupling products were obtained in 35–93% yield. The method tolerated a variety of functional groups, namely, phenol, (thio)ether, protected amino‐, hydroxy‐, ketone, and carboxylic acid moieties, as well as various saturated carbo‐ and heterocycles, and was compatible with multigram scale‐up (to 76 g). The diastereoselectivity of the process was typically low so that ca. 1:1 E/Z isomeric mixtures were formed from pure E or Z alkenyl boronates. Further functional group transformations demonstrated the utility of the prepared compounds as valuable building blocks for synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Based on the obtained results and the literature data, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed involving the formation of radical and organocopper intermediates.
Multi‐material Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Bioelectronics with Sub‐Microscale 3D Gold Pillars for In Vitro Extra‐ and Intra‐Cellular Electrophysiological Recordings
Authors: Gu Bingsong , Ma Qihang , Li Jiaxin , Xu Wangkai , Xie Yuke , Lu Peng , Yu Kun , Huo Ziyao , Li Xiao , Peng Jianhua , Jiang Yong , Li Dichen , He Jiankang
Published: January 2025

Micro/nanoscale 3D bioelectrodes gain increasing interest for electrophysiological recording of electroactive cells. Although 3D printing has shown promise to flexibly fabricate 3D bioelectronics compared with conventional microfabrication, relatively‐low resolution limits the printed bioelectrode for high‐quality signal monitoring. Here, a novel multi‐material electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) strategy is proposed to fabricate bioelectronics with sub‐microscale 3D gold pillars for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. EHDP is employed to fabricate conductive circuits for signal transmission, which are passivated by polyimide via extrusion‐based printing. Laser‐assisted EHDP is developed to produce 3D gold pillars featuring a diameter of 0.64 ± 0.04 µm. The 3D gold pillars demonstrate stable conductivity under the cell‐culture environment. Living cells can conformally grow onto these sub‐microscale 3D pillars with a height below 5 µm, which facilitates the highly‐sensitive recording of extracellular signals with amplitudes <15 µV. The 3D pillars can apply electroporation currents to reversibly open the cellular membrane for intracellular recording, facilitating the measurement of subtle cellular electrophysiological activities. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, fully‐printed chips with multiple culturing chambers and sensing bioelectronics are fabricated for zone‐specific electrophysiological recording in drug testing. The proposed multi‐material EHDP strategy enables rapid prototyping of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with 3D bioelectronics for high‐quality electrophysiological recordings.
StretchView – A Multi‐Axial Cell‐Stretching Device for Long‐Term Automated Videomicroscopy of Living Cells
Authors: Jaworski David , Hundsdorfer Lara , Bastounis Effie , Constantinou Iordania
Published: January 2025

Incorporating mechanical stretching of cells in tissue culture is crucial for mimicking (patho)‐physiological conditions and understanding the mechanobiological responses of cells, which can have significant implications in areas like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the growing interest, most available cell‐stretching devices are not compatible with automated live‐cell imaging, indispensable for characterizing alterations in the dynamics of various important cellular processes. In this work, StretchView is presented, a multi‐axial cell‐stretching platform compatible with automated, time‐resolved live‐cell imaging. Using StretchView, long‐term image acquisition of cells in the relaxed and stretched states is shown for the first time (experimental time of 12 h) without the need for human intervention. Homogeneous and stable strain fields are demonstrated for 18 h of cyclic stretching, highlighting the platform's versatility and robustness. As proof‐of‐principle, the effect of stretching on cell kinematics and spatiotemporal localization of the cell‐cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin is examined for MDCK cells in monolayer. First evidence of a monotonic increase in junctional E‐cadherin localization upon exposure to stretch is presented using live‐cell imaging data acquired during cyclic stretching, suggestive of an increase in barrier integrity of the monolayer. These findings highlight the potential of StretchView in providing insights into cell mechanobiology and beyond.
HCAR2 Modulates the Crosstalk between Mammary Epithelial Cells and Macrophages to Mitigate Staphylococcus aureus Infection in the Mouse Mammary Gland
Authors: Ran Xin , Li Kefei , Li Yutao , Guo Weiwei , Wang Xiaoxuan , Guo Wenjin , Yuan Bao , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major zoonotic pathogen, with mammary gland infections contributing to mastitis, a condition that poses significant health risks to lactating women and adversely affects the dairy industry. Therefore, understanding the immune mechanisms underlying mammary infections caused by S. aureus is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies against mastitis. This study identified hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) as a potential regulator of S. aureus infection in mammary glands. It is demonstrated that HCAR2 deficiency exacerbates the inflammatory response and disrupts the blood‐milk barrier in the mammary gland during S. aureus infection, with NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis playing a central role. Activation of HCAR2, on the other hand, suppressed CMPK2 expression, thereby mitigating mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) induced by S. aureus. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from S. aureus‐infected mMECs activates the cGAS/STING signaling pathway in macrophages, impairing their bactericidal activity. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of HCAR2 in S. aureus infection of the mammary gland and provides a theoretical basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets for such infections.
On‐Demand Controlled Release Multi‐Drugs Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Synergizing Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Liang Chenglin , Yang Hanxiao , Li Tongtong , Jiang Xiaojuan , Li Xinni , Gao Chen , Hou Lin
Published: January 2025

Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activation combined with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) axis blockade have emerged as an effective strategy to improve immunotherapeutic potency, it remains challenging to realize the spatiotemporal synergy of these two components. Herein, the study reports an engineered bacterial‐based delivery system that can simultaneously promote CTLs infiltration and control PD‐L1 binding protein (PD‐L1 trap) release on demand at tumor site. The drug release button of this tumor targeting system is the specific temperature, which is accomplished by dual‐modified melanin nanoparticles with photothermal conversion capacity on the engineered bacterial. These dual‐modified nanoparticles can form in situ reservoir of heat supplier and antitumor immunity activator once arriving at tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, the study establishes the personalized administration regimen according to TME changes, and perform local laser irradiation to trigger PD‐L1 trap production only in TME when infiltrated CTLs reach the highest level. This work provides a flexible platform for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
Unleashing the Underestimated Rate Capability of Graphite Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries by Sn(OTf)2 Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Gao Yueteng , Ma Xiaodie , Yan Yangtian , Zhang Shuhua , Liang Jin , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun
Published: January 2025

Graphite stands out as the most promising anode material for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to its cost‐effectiveness and ideal low‐potential platform. However, the perceived poor rate capability of graphite has become a key concern for its commercial application in PIBs. Herein, the above understanding on the poor rate capability of graphite is updated. Without modifying graphite structure, by simply introducing a tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2) additive in phosphate‐based electrolyte, the graphite in K||graphite half‐cell can deliver a capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 2 C (1 C = 279 mA g−1) and operates for 1000 cycles with negligible degradation. Moreover, an unprecedented rate capacity of ≈200 mAh g−1 for graphite anode at 4 C is achieved in a three‐electrode K|K ref|graphite cell configuration where the interference of the K metal counter electrode is eliminated. Unlike structure modification strategies, such remarkable rate performance is originated from the low‐impedance inorganic‐rich KF/SnF2 hybrid interphase on graphite. Thus, the effectiveness of the electrolyte regulation strategy highlights the underestimated rate capability of graphite anode. This renewed insight dispels the concern regarding the commercial applicability of graphite anode and enriches the advantages of PIBs for high‐power density.
Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Adipic Acid by Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexanone
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Luo Lan , Yang Jiangrong , Chen Wangsong , Miao Yucong , Zhang Ruikang , Li Zhenhua , Li Rengui , Shao Mingfei , Duan Xue
Published: January 2025

Adipic acid, an essential building stock for polymers, is conventionally synthesized through thermal oxidation of ketone−alcohol oil. However, this process requires excessive nitric acid as oxidants, causing the emission of ozone−depleting greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy is reported for the efficient synthesize adipic acid by selective oxidation of cyclohexanone (CYC). High adipic acid selectivity (>90%) in a wide potential window (from 0.3 to 1.3 V versus RHE) is achieved under ambient conditions based on TiO2 nanorods array photoanode modified with nickel hydroxide nanosheets (Ni(OH)2/TiO2). Experimental and theoretical data reveal that a new Ni2+δ─OH* reactive center with moderate oxidation capacity is in situ generated on Ni(OH)2/TiO2 photoanode under illumination, which abstracts H atoms from Cα─H bonds in CYC to obtain 2−hydroxycyclohexanone intermediate, and thereby facilitates subsequent C─C cleavage to produce adipic acid. Moreover, the PEC synthesis of adipic acid from industrial raw material of phenol is achieved by coupling cathodic phenol reduction to CYC and photoanodic CYC oxidation to adipic acid, demonstrating a new and sustainable approach for adipic acid synthesis by directly using solar energy.
A Recombinant Antibody Against ALK2 Promotes Tissue Iron Redistribution and Contributes to Anemia Resolution in a Mouse Model of Anemia of Inflammation
Authors: Wang Chia‐Yu , Melgar‐Bermudez Emiliano , Welch Diana , Dagbay Kevin B. , Bhattacharya Seemana , Lema Evan , Daman Tyler , Sierra Olivia , Todorova Radina , Drame Papa Makhtar , Grenha Rosa , Fisher Ffolliott M. , Grayson Dena , Lerner Lorena , Cadena Samuel M. , Seehra Jasbir , Lachey Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Patients with chronic inflammation are burdened with anemia of inflammation (AI), where inflammatory cytokines inhibit erythropoiesis, impede erythropoietin production, and limit iron availability by inducing the iron regulator hepcidin. High hepcidin hinders iron absorption and recycling, thereby worsening the impaired erythropoiesis by restricting iron availability. AI management is important as anemia impacts quality of life and potentially affects morbidity and mortality. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐SMAD pathway is crucial for hepcidin regulation. Here, we characterized a research antibody against BMP receptor ALK2, RKER‐216, and investigated its mechanism in suppressing hepcidin and improving anemia in acute/chronic inflammation. Additive effects of RKER‐216 and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on erythropoiesis and iron utilization were also explored. We showed that RKER‐216 neutralized ALK2 activity by competing with the binding of BMP6. RKER‐216 reduced hepcidin transcription in Hep3B cells, and a subcutaneous dose of RKER‐216 at 3 mg/kg suppressed serum hepcidin and increased circulating iron for 3–4 days in wildtype mice. Moreover, RKER‐216 decreased hepcidin by inhibiting SMAD1/5/9 signaling in lipopolysaccharide‐mediated inflammation and liberated iron from the recycling pathway to alleviate anemia in mice with adenine‐induced chronic kidney disease (CKD), a mouse model of AI. Finally, RKER‐216 reversed iron‐restricted erythropoiesis in CKD mice and supplied the iron requirement for complete resolution of anemia when coupled with rhEPO in addressing AI. Our data support that ALK2 is a key hepcidin regulator and that a neutralizing ALK2 antibody has the potential to restore iron homeostasis as monotherapy or in combination with rhEPO to ameliorate AI.
Neuropsychological test performance in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wyman‐Chick Kathryn A. , Bayram Ece , Gravett Stephanie , D'Antonio Fabrizia , Rodriguez‐Porcel Federico , Kane Joseph P. M. , Ferman Tanis J. , Olson‐Bullis Barbara A. , Boeve Bradley F. , Bonanni Laura , Ferreira Daniel ,   the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) Lewy Body Dementias Professional Interest Area (LBD PIA) Prodromal Working Group
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

We sought to characterize the cognitive profile among individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) to help guide future clinical criteria.

METHODS

Systematic review and meta‐analysis included MCI‐LB studies with cognitive data from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (January 1990 to March 2023). MCI‐LB scores were compared to controls, MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) groups with random‐effects models.

RESULTS

We included 26 studies and 2823 participants. Across all domains, the MCI‐LB group performed worse than controls and better than DLB. Compared to MCI‐AD, the MCI‐LB group performed worse in attention/processing speed (g = –0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.35, –0.12), attention/executive (g = –0.42, 95% CI: –0.56, –0.28); better in verbal immediate recall (g = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.59) and delayed memory (g = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.58).

DISCUSSION

The cognitive profiles in MCI‐LB and MCI‐AD are consistent with established profiles in DLB and AD. Neuropsychological assessment may be helpful in differential diagnosis, even in early disease states.

Highlights

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis for cognition in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB).

Compared to MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD), MCI‐LB had worse attention, executive function, and processing speed.

Compared to MCI‐AD, MCI‐LB had better verbal immediate and delayed recall.

The MCI‐LB group was worse on all cognitive domains than controls, and better than dementia with Lewy bodies.

Studies used different tests and there is a need for global efforts for harmonization.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Arylation of Racemic Allylic Carbonates with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Wang Hu‐Chong , Shen Wen‐Jie , You Shu‐Li
Published: January 2025

Rhodium‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective allylic arylation of racemic alkyl‐ and aryl‐ substituted allylic carbonates with arylboronic acids using commercially available BIBOP ligand is reported. This reaction proceeds at room temperature without base or other additive to deliver allylic arylation products in excellent yields, regio‐ and enantioselectivity (up to 95 % yield, >20 : 1 b/l, >99 % ee). Rh/BIBOP is disclosed as an efficient catalytic system for allylic substitution reaction.
Anthracene‐Based Schiff Base Allied Triazolyl Silatranes: A Comparison of Stability and Biological Activity With Open Analog Silane
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Pawan  , Selvaraj Manickam , Kaur Harshbir , Mohan Brij , Kaur Amarjit , Sanchita
Published: January 2025

In this article, we have synthesized a series of anthracene‐based triazolyl silatranes (ABSiT 1–7) using their open analogs, that is, anthracene‐based triazolyl tri‐ethoxysilanes via transesterification reaction. All synthesized compounds have been characterized using FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C), DFT techniques, and TGA/DSC analysis to identify the stability and melting temperatures. The prepared silatranes were subsequently subjected to hydrolysis to compare their stability with their open‐chain counterparts and explore their behavior under hydrolytic conditions. The data demonstrate that silatranes are about three times less prone to attack by water than organo‐triethoxysilane and are hydrolytically more stable. Moreover, the thermal stability and pH stability were checked, and it was found that silatranes are stable up to a temperature range of 400°C and at pH 9.4, thus indicating that silatranes are more stable than their corresponding silanes at higher temperatures and large pH range. Moreover, all synthesized silatranes were tested for antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities, and the results disclosed their efficacy. A molecular docking study showed interactions of silatranes with Mutant p53 antitumor protein with binding affinity in the range −8.0 to −9.0 kcal/mol and identified as potent inhibitors.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Nucleobase‐Mediated Hydrogels Based on Hybrid Crosslinking
Authors: Wang Qihai , Luo Zhifeng , Ren Xiaoli , Fu Haoran , Zhou Quan , Chen Keyou , Fang Shenwen
Published: January 2025

Adhesive hydrogels frequently demonstrate poor mechanical properties; therefore, it is still challenging to integrate excellent adhesiveness and self‐healing properties in one hydrogel. In this work, adenine and thymine were modified by grafting double bonds and then introduced into the structure of the polyacrylamide gel together with N, N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) using a hybrid crosslinking strategy, and then a series of hybrid cross‐linked hydrogels with adhesiveness and self‐healing properties were successfully prepared. The hybrid crosslinking hydrogel exhibited a tunable adhesive performance and strength, by varying the content of base pairs, monomer concentration, cross‐linker concentration, and initiator concentration. The recommended synthesis conditions for the P(AM‐mAT) hydrogel were as follows: mA‐mT concentration of the total monomer weight 5 wt%, total monomer concentration of 25 wt%, crosslinker (MBA) concentration of 0.5 wt%, and initiator APS concentration of 1.25 wt%. Under optimal conditions, the gel synthesized showed a hardness of 282 g and an adhesive force of 154.5 g. This hydrogel material exhibited excellent adhesion properties to materials such as plastics, glass, metals, and wood, with the best adhesion observed on glass.
Unique Research for Developing a Full Factorial Design Evaluated Liquid Chromatography Technique for Estimating Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate in the Presence of Specified and Degradation Impurities in Dry Powder Inhalation
Authors: Bandaru Lova Gani Raju , Konduru Naresh , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Gundla Rambabu , Kanuparthy Phani Raja , Katari Naresh Kumar
Published: January 2025

A simple LC method has been developed and validated for estimating budesonide (epimer B + A) and formoterol fumarate dihydrate in dry powder inhalation. The development results of this study make it very significant. The degradation and process impurities in EP and ChP were identified in addition to budesonide and formoterol fumarate. As of yet, no one has reported all impurities using a single method. It is a unique research because it analyzes APSD (Aerodynamic Particle Size Distribution), DDU (Delivered Dose Uniformity), BU (Blend Uniformity), Assay, and cleaning test samples. It enhances the quality of medicine and separates all organic impurities and isomers through a suitable stationary phase (YMC‐Pack Pro C18, 150 × 4.6 mm × 3 μm). We optimized the chromatographic conditions: Injection volume was 20 μL, and flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The wavelength was optimized at 220 nm. After experimental and validation results. An example is A, which contains sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate monohydrate, sodium 1‐decane sulfonate, adjusted pH 3.0, and acetonitrile at a ratio of 80:20 (v/v), and B, which contains pH 3.0 buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 20:80 (v/v) respectively. In addition to being optimized, the test method was validated according to ICH Q2(R2).
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Potential Biomarker in Brain Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hasani Fatemeh , Masrour Mahdi , Khamaki Sina , Jazi Kimia , Ghoodjani Erfan , Teixeira Antonio L.
Published: January 2025

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluates peripheral and CNS BDNF levels in glioma patients.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched databases for studies measuring BDNF in glioma patients and controls. After screening and data extraction, we conducted quality assessment, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression.

Results

Eight studies were included. Meta‐analysis showed significantly reduced plasma BDNF levels in glioma patients versus controls (SMD: −1.0026; 95% CI: [−1.5284, −0.4769], p = 0.0002). High‐grade gliomas had lower plasma BDNF (p = 0.0288). Tissue BDNF levels were higher in glioma patients (SMD: 1.9513; 95% CI: [0.7365, 3.1661], p = 0.0016) and correlated with tumor grade (p = 0.0122). Plasma BDNF levels negatively correlated with patient age (p = 0.0244) and positively with female percentage (p = 0.0007).

Conclusion

BDNF is a promising biomarker in glioma, showing significant changes in plasma and tissue levels correlating with tumor grade, patient age, and gender.
AI‐Enabled Governance in Traditional Chinese Medicine Enterprise Clusters: A Lifecycle and Stakeholder Perspective for Sustainable Development
Authors: Liu Ying , Ho Theresa C. F. , Omar Rosmini , Ning Binyao
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing governance in enterprise clusters, improving competitiveness, and advancing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Despite its potential, the effective application of AI‐enabled governance in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) enterprise clusters remains underexplored, particularly given the unique challenges posed by their traditional practices, regulatory frameworks, and diverse stakeholder dynamics. Addressing this gap, this study investigates how AI‐enabled governance can optimize the integration of external enterprises into TCM enterprise clusters across different stages of the lifecycle, thereby contributing to sustainable regional development. This study employs a lifecycle model to analyze the integration of external enterprises into TCM clusters, focusing on factors such as unit product costs, policy incentives, and joint action benefits. By comparing cost dynamics before and after cluster entry, this research maps the lifecycle processes of external enterprises and identifies AI‐enabled governance tailored to the adaptation, maturity, and decline stages. The findings reveal that proactive and adaptive AI‐enabled governance enhances sustainability by reducing costs, improving efficiency, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. This study provides a dynamic perspective on cluster integration, extending the theoretical framework of organizational research. It offers policymakers and cluster managers actionable insights for leveraging AI‐enabled governance to achieve sustainable regional development, foster innovation (SDG 9), promote economic growth (SDG 8).
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Oral Cavity: A Rare Case in the Buccal Mucosa
Authors: Khaleghi Armin , Shamloo Nafise
Published: January 2025

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are uncommon solitary tumors composed of neoplastic plasma cells occurring outside the bone. These lesions are of clinical significance due to their potential progression to multiple myeloma (MM), a more systemic and serious plasma cell malignancy. Although EMPs primarily arise in the head and neck region, cases involving the oral cavity are particularly rare. This report presents a case of EMP in a 59‐year‐old Iranian female, who developed a mass on the left buccal mucosa, an atypical site for this type of lesion. The patient presented with a 1‐month history of a painful swelling on her left buccal mucosa. Clinical examination revealed a firm, exophytic lesion with a smooth surface. Histopathological analysis, supported by immunohistochemical staining, confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The lesion was treated successfully through a combination of surgical excision and radiotherapy at a dose of 40 Gy. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of EMP, particularly in rare locations, to prevent progression to MM and improve patient outcomes. Our findings contribute to the limited body of literature on EMPs in the oral cavity, highlighting the need for awareness of such presentations among clinicians.
Lattice Engineering Triggered Phase Formation of Bimetallic Thiospinels with Excellent HzOR and OER Activity for Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Raveendran Diya , Mishra Viplove , Praveen Athma E. , Roy Avishek , Basak Ananda , Chandrasekar Aditi , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: January 2025

Introducing foreign elements into a crystal lattice could trigger phase transformation, serving as an excellent means to fabricate highly electrocatalytic phases. NiCo2S4 is a notably electrocatalytic thiospinel phase, normally synthesized via a two‐step route and rarely explored for electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). This work reports one‐step hydrothermal synthesis of NiCo2S4 and CuCo2S4 and their performance for HzOR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Time dependent syntheses suggest formation of (M, Co)9S8; M═Ni/Cu phase, followed by conversion to the respective thiospinel phase. Computational study validates that the incorporation of Ni into Co9S8 disrupts its stability and induces the formation of a stable bimetallic thiospinel phase. Even without the assistance of metal foam substrate, NiCo2S4 displayed remarkable activity for HzOR requiring potentials of 153 and 350 mV to afford current densities of 10 and 500 mA/cm2, respectively. Furthermore, NiCo2S4 showed good activity for OER, providing 10 mA/cm2 at 290 mV. For hydrazine‐assisted H2 production, the two‐electrode setup, NiCo2S4||Pt/C attained a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at 140 mV, which is 1.39 V less than that required for conventional water electrolyzer (1.53 V). Long‐term durability of NiCo2S4 for both HzOR and OER at high current densities highlights the suitability of the catalyst for practical applications.
An Efficient Strategy for Quinazolinone and Benzimidazole Synthesis Using Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines
Authors: Bera Shyamal Kanti , Irfan Muhammad , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: January 2025

Microwave‐assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as an effective technique for accelerating chemical reactions while enhancing efficiency and selectivity. In this study, we developed a copper‐catalyzed method for aerobic oxidative coupling to synthesize quinazolinones and benzimidazoles, using oxone as the oxidant under microwave irradiation. This method successfully couples amines with various partners, including 2‐aminobenzamides and o‐phenylenediamines. The strategy demonstrates broad substrate compatibility, exhibits good functional group tolerance, and consistently achieves moderate yields, making it a versatile and efficient approach for synthesizing heterocycles.
Microbial‐induced Synthesis of nano NiFe LDH for High‐efficiency Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Wei‐Wei , Wu Hai‐Fang , Li Qi‐Chang , Wang Xue‐Fei , Duan Feng , Xie Hao , Zhang Jian , Shen Qiang , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Luo Guo‐Qiang
Published: January 2025

NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) currently are the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline environments. However, the development of high‐performance low cost OER electrocatalysts using straightforward strategies remains a significant challenge. In this study, we describe an innovative microbial mineralization‐based method for in situ‐induced preparation of NiFe LDH nanosheets loaded on nickel foam and demonstrate that this material serves as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. In the microbial mineralization process, bacteria adhere to electrode materials and promote the surface nucleation of nanomaterials when metal ions are present. Specifically, our findings indicate that biomineralization accelerates the formation and regulation of NiFe LDH. The new electrocatalyst displays excellent OER performance, with a small overpotential of 220 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope down to 38.6 mV dec−1 in alkaline solution. The remarkable OER performance of the microbial mineralization‐derived electrocatalyst is attributed to the synergistic effect of NiFe LDH and a bacterial‐specific surface area that contains multiple active sites. This study has uncovered a new approach for the assembly of NiFe LDH that relies on biomineralization to bring about morphological and structural modification of LDH nanosheets.
Categorical color perception shown in a cross‐lingual comparison of visual search
Authors: Wakui Elley , Mylonas Dimitris , Caparos Serge , Davidoff Jules
Published: January 2025

Categorical perception (CP) for colors entails that hues within a category look more similar than would be predicted by their perceptual distance. We examined color CP in both a UK and a remote population (Himba) for newly acquired and long‐established color terms. Previously, the Himba language used the same color term for blue and green but now they have labels that match the English terms. However, they still have no color terms for the purple areas of color space. Hence, we were able to investigate a color category boundary that exists in the Himba language but not in English as well as a boundary that is the same for both. CP was demonstrated for both populations in a visual search task for one different hue among 12 otherwise similar hues; a task that eliminated concerns of label matching. CP was found at the color‐category boundaries that are specific to each language. Alternative explanations of our data are discussed and, in particular, that it is the task‐dependent use of categorical rather than non‐categorical (perceptual) color networks which produces CP. It is suggested that categorical networks for colors are bilaterally represented and are the default choice in a suprathreshold similarity judgment.
Color Space Conversion Model From CMYK to CIELab Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning
Authors: Zhan Hongwu , Zou Yifei , Zhang Yinwei , Gong Weiwei , Xu Fang
Published: January 2025

This paper develops a method based on a stacking ensemble learning model to achieve more accurate conversion from CMYK colors to LAB colors. The model employs tetrahedral interpolation, radial basis function (RBF) interpolation, and KAN as base learners, with linear regression as the meta‐learner. Our findings show that the stacking‐based model outperforms single models in accuracy for color conversion. In the empirical study, color blocks were printed and the collected data was measured to train and validate the stacking ensemble learning model. The results show that the stacking‐based model achieves superior accuracy in color space conversion tasks. This research has substantial practical implications for enhancing color management technology in the printing industry.
Current‐Mirror Based Filters With Reduced Circuit Complexity
Authors: Nako Julia , Psychalinos Costas , Minaei Shahram , Yuce Erkan
Published: January 2025

In this Letter, we propose a novel current‐mirror‐based lossless integration stage. The proposed stage is derived from the lossy integration counterpart by simply incorporating an additional DC current source. The unique offered contribution is the reduction of the circuit complexity in the resulting current‐mode systems, where the introduced integrator is utilized. This is verified through the performed comparison with the corresponding stage, which is already introduced in the literature. A multiple‐output biquad filter is designed using the proposed lossless integrator, and its performance is evaluated through the utilization of the Cadence IC design suite.
Development of a Hint Suggestion System Based on Student's Learning Status in Server Management Exercises
Authors: Takehara Ichitoshi , Kami Yuki , Kida Koji , Saisho Keizo
Published: January 2025

In recent years, more and more server administration exercises have been conducted at universities. Some students get stuck on the answer to a task. In this case, the student requests a hint for the task. The teacher hears the student, assesses the progress, and offers a hint. Also, teachers want students to conduct trial and error on a task before asking for hints. Many students ask for hints during exercises, which is a burden for teachers. We develop a system that presents hints based on the student's learning status. The teacher registers the learning status and corresponding hints in the system in advance. The student's command input/output and edited files are monitored by the system to check the student's progress. The system can suggest many hints based on learning status. As a result of the evaluation experiment, unnecessary hints were not presented to the students. Also, the system can guide students to conduct trial and error in the learning situation the teacher expects. In this paper, we describe the developed system and the results of evaluation experiments using the system.