bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovación y pasos hacia la autonomía en el aprendizaje: Comprensión escrita en lengua extranjera para estudiantes de análisis gramatical y discursivo de textos franceses
Authors: Carmona Yanes Elena
Published: April 2022

Este artículo presenta el diseño y la aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) para la asignatura Análisis gramatical y discursivo de textos france- ses del segundo curso del Grado en Estudios Franceses. Su principal propósito es enfocar el trabajo en la competencia comunicativa transversal en la lengua ex- tranjera, en la compresión escrita y en el fomento de la autonomía en el aprendi- zaje de los estudiantes (aprender a aprender). Para este objetivo, la planificación se centró en el desarrollo de instrumentos para un mejor conocimiento de los perfiles psicológicos y de los estilos de aprendizaje de nuestro alumnado, y en el perfeccionamiento de las técnicas para proporcionarles feedback, superando las dificultades que conlleva interactuar con un grupo numeroso durante un período muy limitado de tiempo. Palabras clave: Análisis gramatical y discursivo de textos franceses, grado en estudios franceses, docencia universitaria, experimentación docente universitaria.
El aprendizaje de la Historia de la Filosofía Occidental en el Grado de Historia: una propuesta de innovación docente online
Authors: Fernández Muñoz Jesús
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se analiza el desarrollo de un Ciclo de Mejora (online) en el Aula (CIMA) que se ha llevado a cabo en la asignatura de Historia de la Filoso- fía Occidental del Grado en Historia de la Universidad de Sevilla. En el desarrollo del CIMA se han formulado los contenidos a partir de problemas y preguntas es- tructurantes, la metodología se ha mantenido respecto al CIMA anterior y se han realizado diversas actividades de contraste y prácticas en línea. Todo esto par- tiendo de un modelo didáctico centrado en los estudiantes como eje central del aprendizaje que considera a los alumnos como sujetos pensantes. A fin de eva- luar este ciclo se realizó un cuestionario inicial y otro final que muestran los re- sultados del aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Historia de la filosofía occidental, grado en historia, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, ciclo de mejora en el aula.
Las salidas de campo en la docencia de la Geografía Humana: uso de los desafíos urbanos en itinerarios didácticos co-elaborados por el alumnado
Authors: Sánchez Benítez David
Published: April 2022

Se presenta en este texto una experiencia de innovación docente dentro de los CIMA (Ciclos de Mejora en el Aula) desarrollada en la REFID (Red de Forma- ción e Innovación Docente) de la Universidad de Sevilla durante el primer cua - trimestre del curso 2021/2022. La innovación se centró en la co-elaboración del itinerario de la salida de campo de la asignatura Geografía Humana de primero de Grado en Geografía y Gestión del Territorio. Con el alumnado como centro del aprendizaje, y a partir del planteamiento de un problema, localizaron y propu- sieron soluciones para los desafíos urbanos presentes en barrios del casco his- tórico de Sevilla. Palabras clave: Geografía humana, grado en geografía y gestión del territorio, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, salida de campo.
Puesta en común y fomento de la exposición de aplicaciones reales en los laboratorios de electrónica
Authors: Tena-Sánchez Erica
Published: April 2022

El ciclo de mejora en el aula presentado en este capítulo se ha desarrollado en la asignatura de Acondicionamiento y Conversión de Señales del Grado de In- geniería Electrónica Industrial impartido en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad de Sevilla. El objetivo principal es fomentar la puesta en común al inicio de las sesiones presenciales de laboratorio, así como intentar acercar al alumno a aplicaciones reales de lo visto en las sesiones de prácticas a través de la impartición de seminarios. Con este ciclo de mejora se ha conseguido crear un ambiente distendido en las sesiones donde los alumnos han tomado un papel más activo y han podido intercambiar ideas e incluso se han retado a probar fe- nómenos/comportamientos curiosos en las prácticas. Palabras clave: Puesta en común, Grado de Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente.
Ciclo de Mejora en la docencia no presencial de la asignatura Bioquímica Humana del Grado en Bioquímica
Authors: Rubio Calvo Amalia
Published: April 2022

Se presenta un CIMA (Ciclos de Mejora en el Aula) diseñado para desarro- llarse en parte de la asignatura Bioquímica Humana del grado en Bioquímica en el que se realizó la docencia de forma no presencial. El CIMA consiste en un mo- delo de clase invertida, en el que los alumnos tienen la información necesaria para trabajar los temas incluidos, previo al trabajo en clase. Los temas inclui - dos en el CIMA fueron en relación a la bioquímica del hematíe y la bioquímica del tejido hepático. El resultado de la aplicación del CIMA ha sido satisfactorio en relación al aprendizaje de los alumnos como se muestra en las escaleras de aprendizaje. Además, las actividades en grupo fueron bien puntuadas y los test de evaluación continua tuvieron un porcentaje de acierto medio superior al 75%. Palabras clave: Bioquímica Humana, Grado en Bioquímica, docencia universi- taria, experimentación docente universitaria, enseñanza no presencial.
Patología pulpar en la asignatura de Odontología en el Niño y en el Adolescente del máster oficial en odontología infantil
Authors: Biedma Perea María
Published: April 2022

Las nuevas realidades que están presentes en nuestras aulas hacen nece- saria una reformulación de nuestra práctica docente. Para ello, es necesario im- plantar de manera gradual mejoras e innovaciones en los planes de estudios. Se presenta un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en la asignatura de máster oficial de Odontología en el Niño y en el Adolescente. Este documento es un recopilatorio de la secuencia de actividades, reflexiones, conclusiones y avances conseguidos en la mejora de la docencia de la asignatura. Una reflexión sobre mi modelo de enseñanza encaminado a buscar una mejora del mismo. Se utilizaron diferentes metodologías, como lectura crítica de artículos científicos, realización de infor- mes y gammificación, así como la realización de práctica clínica con pacientes. La evaluación del proceso resultó satisfactoria y con un alto porcentaje de implica- ción del alumnado. Cada ciclo de mejora supone un camino, arduo y difícil, pero sin duda muy gratificante, que puede ser un grano de arena en la mejora de la enseñanza. Palabras clave: Odontopediatría, máster en odontología, docencia universita- ria, experimentación docente universitaria, evaluación continuada.
Aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en la asignatura Fundamentos de Psicobiología
Authors: Quintero Vera Blanca
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar el resultado de la aplicación y di- seño de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) durante tres temas de la asigna - tura Fundamentos de Psicobiología (Grado de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla). El modelo didáctico aplicado está basado en una lógica investigativa en la que se organizan los contenidos partiendo de grandes preguntas y realizando una se- cuencia de subpreguntas sobre los contenidos concretos acompañados también de una secuencia de actividades que organizan las sesiones. El objetivo es que los estudiantes sean los que construyan sus propios conocimientos y tengan un papel protagonista en su aprendizaje. Se describe el modelo metodológico, las preguntas problemas planteadas y la secuencia de actividades. La evaluación con los cuestionarios iniciales y finales ponen de manifiesto cómo estos ciclos de me- jora favorecen la evolución de los modelos mentales de los alumnos. Palabras clave: Fundamentos de psicobiología, psicología, docencia universi- taria, innovación docente.
Ética y deontología Profesional en Psicología: aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula
Authors: Gil González Irene
Published: April 2022

Este Ciclo de Mejora (CIMA) docente se aplica la asignatura de cuarto curso: Ética y Deontología Profesional del Grado en Psicología. Toma lugar durante cua- tro sesiones semanales de dos horas. Estas sesiones se destinan a la resolución de dilemas éticos a partir de una situación problemática planteada en la práctica clínica de un profesional de la Psicología. La metodología utilizada es de aprendi- zaje basado en resolución de problemas. Se evaluó el aprendizaje de los alumnos mediante un cuestionario previo y posterior CIMA. EL aumento de porcentajes de respuestas complejas en el cuestionario posterior a la aplicación del CIMA, es un indicador del aprendizaje del alumnado. Palabras clave: Ética y deontología profesional, grado en psicología, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, dilemas éticos.
Enseñando Psicobiología desde la innovación. Un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en la asignatura Fundamentos de Psicobiología
Authors: Martín Monzón Isabel María
Published: April 2022

La asignatura Fundamentos de Psicobiología constituye una materia de for- mación básica que se imparte durante el primer cuatrimestre del primer curso en el Grado de Psicología de la Universidad de Sevilla. Esta asignatura pertenece al módulo denominado Bases Biológicas de la Conducta del Plan de Estudios actual, constituyendo la base del currículo psicobiológico del alumnado en Psicología. Tradicionalmente, esta asignatura ha sido valorada por los estudiantes como muy compleja, por lo que desde 2017 se están realizando intervenciones en el modelo metodológico docente, en el mapa de contenidos o incluso en las evaluaciones para poder transformar esta percepción del alumnado, mejorando sus conoci- mientos tanto explícitos como implícitos de las bases neurales de la conducta, influyendo en sus procesos de aprendizaje y valores actitudinales. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido implementar un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) com- pleto en un grupo de estudiantes de 1º de Grado, comparando sus resultados con lo obtenido en otro grupo control donde también se impartió docencia, aunque sin implementar innovaciones en el aula. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto cómo intervenciones en el aula no convencionales favorecen no solo la evolución en las ideas de los estudiantes sino el desarrollo profesional del docente. Palabras clave: Fundamentos de psicobiología, Grado en Psicología, docencia universitaria, desarrollo profesional docente, innovación docente.
El aprendizaje cooperativo y la gestión de grupo como ejes fundamentales del aprendizaje
Authors: Vázquez Cabello Juan
Published: April 2022

El ciclo de mejora aplicado en la asignatura Química Orgánica del Grado en Bioquímica, supone una continuación al modelo de aprendizaje cooperativo apli- cado en el curso 2017/18 en otro Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) en el programa de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado (FIDOP). En ese caso, el CIMA se aplicó a uno de los temas más sencillos y al mismo tiempo ya conocido en general por los estudiantes en su etapa de Bachillerato. Sin embargo, este CIMA se extiende no solo a tres temas nuevos, sino que además el tercero es uno de los más complejos del temario, lo cual ha permitido poner a prueba el modelo de aprendizaje cooperativo en alumnos de primer curso. Este modelo metodo- lógico se centra fundamentalmente en el alumno, requiriendo de ellos una gran implicación y motivación, así como una buena gestión del grupo. El poco hábito para este trabajo en grupo y el modelo tradicional de clases magistrales, han sido dos de los grandes enemigos de la metodología utilizada. Finalmente, los re- sultados obtenidos demuestran que el objetivo fundamental de provocar en el alumnado implicación y una actitud de esfuerzo continuado, que les aporte un conocimiento duradero se ha conseguido. Sin embargo, el liderazgo es una faceta aún por trabajar en esta metodología. Palabras clave: Química orgánica, grado en bioquímica, docencia universita- ria, desarrollo profesional docente, aprendizaje duradero.
Perfil glicêmico de indivíduos assistidos em uma instituição de idosos de Feira de Santana – Bahia, de agosto a outubro de 2006
Authors: Magalhães Filho Roberto Ribeiro de , Santos João Francisco dos , Araújo Bruno Sodré de , Prates Pedro Santos
Published: April 2022

A saúde do paciente idoso merece um importante destaque, pois o avançar da idade provoca uma redução do metabolismo desses pacientes, tornando evidente a fragilidade, bem como a debilidade, refletida em suas condições de saúde. O nível plasmático de glicose de jejum aumenta aproximadamente 2mg/dL por década após os 40 anos. As causas para essa alteração são: a diminuição da síntese e/ou secreção de insulina; diminuição da sensibilidade periférica; alteração da composição corpórea; diminuição da atividade física. Além disso, a medida que a velhice vai evoluindo, há uma diminuição gradativa do fluxo de filtração glomerular. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o perfil glicêmico dos internos assistidos pela Instituição Lar do Irmão Velho (LIV) em Feira de Santana - Bahia, no período de agosto a outubro de 2006, através da dosagem da glicose plasmática. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com a coleta sanguínea em 51 pessoas, sendo que cada indivíduo participou uma única vez da coleta de dados. Estas amostras foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, onde a glicemia foi mensurada utilizando o método enzimático colorimétrico. Levou-se em consideração a idade, o sexo e se havia diagnóstico prévio de diabetes nos participantes. Constatou-se que 11,8% dos internos encontravam-se com hiperglicemia e não houve casos de hipoglicemia. Dos 15,7% dos diabéticos, 50% não tinham os níveis de glicemia controlados. Não foi possível diagnosticar novos casos de diabetes, pois foi obtida apenas uma amostra sangüínea de cada participante.
Revisão de Trimezia Salisb. ex Herb. (Iridaceae) para o Brasil
Authors: Chukr Nádia S. , Giulietti Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

The genus Trimezia is characterized by having herbs with low or medium size, plane or terete leaves with underground system in the form of a corm covered by spireled fibrous cataphylls. The floral morphology is vey distinctive, showing revolute internal tepal densely covered by stipes and trifide or bifide styles. The genus has a present 18 valid species and is distributed in tropical or subtropical regions of the American continent, especially in central Brazil. In this country, 13 species occur, 10 of them being endemic to Brazil and three occuring also in parts of Central America, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Argentina and Paraguay. Trimezia has its genetic diversity in “campos rupestres” vegetation of Minas Gerais, were nine species occur, seven of them occuring on more than one mountain, but Trimezia fistulosa is endemic of Serra do Cipó and T. plicatifolia is endemic to Serra do Cabral.
Abundancia poblacional de los acridoideos del municipio de Tepotzotlán, Estado de México
Authors: Mora Aurora Vázquez , Blásquez Julieta Ramos-Elorduy
Published: April 2022

In Tepotzotlán at Mexico State in Mexico, a collection of grasshoppers was made, in maize crop fields of 40 hec mixed with wild plants a collect of grasshoppers, utilizing the manual capture, these were Sphenarium purpurascens Ch., Akamasacris variabilis (S.) and Trimetropis occidentalis (B.), by the number obtained, the first species was the most important achieving a total of 4.538 samples captured, this species also obtained the highest fresh weight and dry weight. From the second species, A. variabilis (S.), 204 samples were obtained and only 28 samples correspondding to T. occidentalis (B.). Their gathering was done in different dates and in diverse schedules. The socioeconomic importance of this edible renewal natural resource is significant, because they give meal and money to peasants through their commercialization, which is very important for these people, with a natural economy. In addition to this, their capture brings a double benefit because this activity constitutes a natural control method, avoiding the use of insecticides and consequently a plague formation. The best schedule for the obtaining was determined between 7:00 to 8:00 AM.
Abordagem dos miriápodos em livros didáticos de Ciências
Authors: Romão Júlia Andrade , Boccardo Lilian , Souza Marcos Lopes de
Published: April 2022

This study objectified to analyze how the myriapods were presented on five 1999-2005 Science textbooks. The textbooks were selected according to some topics, which are: Zoology contents inclusion; the adoption of these textbooks by public municipal schools of Jequie-BA and their approbation by the National textbook Program. The analysis of these textbooks was based on their theory, visual contents and proposed exercises. When it comes to the theory, the textbooks offered the Myriapoda in a superficial and context less way. The morphological and physiological aspects occupied the main position on their contexts, although some of the scientific terms used were incorrect. The presentation of the theme does not allow the understanding of the adjustment aspects of the groups and the kinship relation between them. The authors consider the ecological aspects of this group in a simplistic way making it impossible for the readers to see the biodiversity with conservation eyes. When it comes to the ethological side of the myriapods the books emphasize, overall, their defence mechanisms and reinforce an anthropocentric vision about the group. Some illustrations are quite imprecise what makes it difficult to identify the animals. The subtitles are not well explained and some of them enclose conceptual mistakes. Few pictures are related to what is written on the text; in addition, on the illustrations the credits and scale used on the illustrations are not mentioned. The copy exercises are the mainstream of the textbooks and there isn’t any incentive to work groups. The activities are easy to execute and there are not risks for the students. In addition, Brazilian myriapods examples are not utilized on the exercises. In a nutshell, this study demonstrated the need of a careful elaboration of the Science textbooks, especially when it comes to the discussions about zoology, aiming at a quality increase of the material chosen for the students.
As metamorfoses dos insetos descritas por Guilherme Piso (1658)
Authors: Almeida Argus Vasconcelos de , Oliveira Carlos Romero Ferreira de
Published: April 2022

Piso’s text on the insect metamorphosis is basically divided in two parts: In the first one, the author describes and interprets theoretically what it is denominatesd as metamorphosis of the mantids in vegetables; in the second one, it describes the “metamorphosis” of the caterpillars and moths in hummingbirds is described. Through an analysis, it is verified that he referred to the book “História Natural e Médica da Índia Ocidental” (originally published in 1658, whose Brazilian edition is of 1957), it has unusual characteristics in the author’s work. On the other hand, it is also verified, its marginal position in the historical context of the debate about the generation of the animals in the century XVII is also verified. It is concluded, therefore, that the phenomenon of the metamorphosis of the insects was never clearly understood by the old naturalists, as Piso.
Biofilia e bem-estar animal: percepção e posicionamento de universitários de Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Júnior Antonio Paulo , Lima Lilian Cristine Marinho de , Souza Júnior José Dijair Antonino , Rodrigues Hilquias Andrade , Vasconcelos Simão Dias
Published: April 2022

The Biophilia hypothesis is based, among other ideas, on an evolutionary necessity of human contact with nature – including plants and animals. This work aimed at comparing the affinity and ethical commitment with animals among university students. We applied questionnaires to 72 students of Management, 59 of Biological Sciences and 62 of Engineering at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, focusing on their perception about affinity and concern about animal welfare. The sympathy towards animals was similar in different courses, and Mammalia was the favorite taxon in all courses. Students agree that the human-animal interaction is beneficial to men and that animals need company and loving care. Also, they support more severe penalties to those who commit crimes against animals. The affinity and ethical awareness is unaffected by the area of study among target public, which is in accordance with the Biophilia hypothesis.
Fitorremediação de poluentes xenobióticos
Authors: Hughes Frederic Mendes , Nunes Maiara de Souza , Gama Júnior Aguinaldo , Koblitz Maria Gabriela Bello
Published: April 2022

The xenobiotics are chemical substances not found in a biological system or organism. The presence of these substances in the soil negatively affects the ecosystems and there is a need for clean up techniques of these areas. The phytoremediation is a methodology that applies some plant species and the microorganisms associated to them in order to degrade, contain or quelate pollutants in contaminated places, and it is becoming very popular due to its low costs, to its possibility of in situ application, and to the little disturbance that it causes in the area. PAHs are the most ubiquos hydrophobic organic contaminants on the Earth. Although they occur naturally, anthropogenic processes are considered to be their main source in the environment. Several plants, especially Leguminosae, have been identified by their potential to facilitate, by different mechanisms, the phytoremediation of degraded areas. Plants generally metabolize xenobiotic pollutants by a sequence of three steps: activation/conversion of lipophylic xenobiotic components, conjugation of the metabolized xenobiotics, and compartmentalization of the formed conjugate. Some species have already been identified as able to develop in degraded areas and others have been applied successfully to the study and recovery of these areas, although there is still a great lack of information on the subject, particularly about Brazil’s native species.
Bessel-beam illumination Raman microscopy
Authors: Bando Kazuki , Yabuuchi Shumpei , Li Menglu , Kubo Toshiki , Oketani Ryosuke , Smith Nicholas I. , Fujita Katsumasa
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the use of Bessel beams for side illumination slit-scanning Raman imaging for label-free and hyperspectral analysis of cell spheroids. The background elimination by the side illumination and the aberration-resistant Bessel beam drastically improves the image contrast in Raman observation, allowing label-free investigation of intracellular molecules in thick biological samples. Live cell spheroids were observed to confirm the improvement in image contrast and background reduction with Bessel illumination compared to conventional epi-line illumination.
Photonics-enabled spiking timing-dependent convolutional neural network for real-time image classification
Authors: Meng Xiangyan , Shi Nuannuan , Shi Difei , Li Wei , Li Ming
Published: April 2022

A photonics-enabled spiking timing-dependent convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed by manipulating photonics multidimensional parameters in terms of wavelength, temporal and spatial, which breaks the traditional CNN architecture mapping from a spatially parallel to a time-dependent series structure. The proposed CNN with the application of real-time image recognition comprises a photonics convolution processor to accelerate the computing and an involved electronic full connection to execute the classification task. A timing-dependent series of matrix-matrix operations is conducted in the photonics convolution processor that can be achieved based on multidimensional multiplexing by the accumulation of carriers from an active mode-locked laser, dispersion latency induced by a dispersion compensation fiber, and wavelength spatial separation via a waveshaper. Incorporated with the electronic full connection, a photonics-enabled CNN is proven to perform a real-time recognition task on the MNIST database of handwritten digits with a prediction accuracy of 90.04%. Photonics enables conventional neural networks to accelerate machine learning and neuromorphic computing and has the potential to be widely used in information processing and computing, such as goods classification, vowel recognition, and speech identification.
Retrieval of the planetary boundary layer height from lidar measurements by a deep-learning method based on the wavelet covariance transform
Authors: Mei Liang , Wang Xiaoqi , Gong Zhenfeng , Liu Kun , Hua Dengxin , Wang Xiaona
Published: April 2022

Understanding and characterization of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) are of great importance in terms of air pollution management, weather forecasting, modelling of climate change, etc. Although many lidar-based approaches have been proposed for the retrieval of the PBL height (PBLH) in case studies, development of a robust lidar-based algorithm without human intervention is still of great challenging. In this work, we have demonstrated a novel deep-learning method based on the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) for the PBLH evaluation from atmospheric lidar measurements. Lidar profiles are evaluated according to the WCT with a series of dilation values from 200 m to 505 m to generate 2-dimensional wavelet images. A large number of wavelet images and the corresponding PBLH-labelled images are created as the training set for a convolutional neural network (CNN), which is implemented based on a modified VGG16 (VGG – Visual Geometry Group) convolutional neural network. Wavelet images obtained from lidar profiles have also been prepared as the test set to investigate the performance of the CNN. The PBLH is finally retrieved by evaluating the predicted PBLH-labelled image and the wavelet coefficients. Comparison studies with radiosonde data and the Micro-Pulse-Lidar Network (MPLNET) PBLH product have successfully validated the promising performance of the deep-learning method for the PBLH retrieval in practical atmospheric sensing.
Phase-distribution-aware adaptive decision scheme to improve the reliability of holographic data storage
Authors: Zhao Yahui , Wu Fei , Lin Xiao , Zhang Meng , Yu Qin , Tan Xiaodi , Xie Changsheng
Published: April 2022

Owing to their high storage density and long storage life, holographic data storage (HDS) technologies are viable options for mass cold data storage in the era of big data. Phase-modulated holographic data storage (PHDS) is a promising implementation of HDS. However, because of complex noise in the storage channel, many errors remain after phase demodulation. This study investigates the phase decision in the data-reading stage of PHDS. We propose a phase-distribution-aware adaptive (PDAA) decision scheme to address the inaccurate thresholds in traditional phase decision schemes. The PDAA decision scheme can determine more accurate decision thresholds based on the phase distribution characteristics of each reconstructed phase data page and adaptively match different decision thresholds to each phase data page. The experimental results show that when compared to the traditional decision scheme, the PDAA decision scheme can significantly reduce the phase error of data pages, improving the data reliability of holographic storage.
Controlled growth of single-crystalline erbium chloride silicate with long-lived fluorescence
Authors: Zheng Min , Zhao Hepeng , Ou-yang Yu , Li Lihui , Zhang Chi , Li Yang , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhuang Xiujuan
Published: April 2022

Single-crystalline erbium chloride silicates have attracted extensive attention due to their high gain compatibility and silicon compatible properties. Long-lived near-infrared fluorescence is critical for reducing a pump density threshold when erbium containing materials are used as active devices. Here we developed a single-source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to grow high-quality single-crystalline erbium chloride silicate nanostructures. The growth mechanism is found composing of two steps, where silicon source comes from the minor evaporation of silicon substrate. The prepared single-crystalline erbium chloride silicate nanowires own diameter of about 200 nm with few lattice defects, and the fluorescence lifetime reaches up to 7.4 ms. A nanoscale thermometer based on their visible band fluorescence is realized.
Possible realization of optical Dirac points in woodpile photonic crystals
Authors: Wang Hai-Xiao , Chen Yige , Guo Guang-Yu , Kee Hae-Young , Jiang Jian-Hua
Published: April 2022

The simulation of fermionic relativistic physics, e.g., Dirac and Weyl physics, has led to the discovery of many unprecedented phenomena in photonics, of which the optical-frequency realization is, however, still challenging. Here, surprisingly, we discover that the woodpile photonic crystals commonly used for optical frequency applications host exotic fermion-like relativistic degeneracies: a Dirac nodal line and a fourfold quadratic point, as protected by the nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry. Deforming the woodpile photonic crystal leads to the emergence of type-II Dirac points from the fourfold quadratic point. Such type-II Dirac points can be detected by its anomalous refraction property which is manifested as a giant birefringence in a slab setup. Our findings provide a promising route towards 3D optical Dirac physics in all-dielectric photonic crystals.
Terahertz Airy beam generated by Pancharatnam-Berry phases in guided wave-driven metasurfaces
Authors: Xi Kelei , Fang Bin , Ding Li , Li Lin , Zhuang Songlin , Cheng Qingqing
Published: April 2022

Metasurface antennas scatter traveling guided waves into spatial waves, which act as extendable subsources to overcome the size limitation on emission sources. With the use of a Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurface stimulated by a circularly polarized wave in a waveguide, the local phase distributions of scattered spatial waves can be made consistent with those of an Airy beam, thereby allowing the generation of high-quality Airy beams. In a slab waveguide, circularly polarized waves are synthesized through superposition of in-plane transverse electric modes. Simulations demonstrate that a 20 mm × 20 mm footprint all-dielectric guided wave-driven metasurface generates a 2D Airy beam at a frequency of 0.6 THz. Furthermore, we employ a metasurface deposited on a strip waveguide to generate a 1D Airy beam under direct stimulation by the fundamental transverse electric mode. Our work not only provides a large-scale emitter, but it also suggests promising potential applications in on-chip imaging and holography.
Improving the performance for flip-chip AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using surface textured Ga-face n-AlGaN
Authors: Zhang Gai , Wang Bing , Jia Tong , Chu Chunshuang , Fan Chao , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Xiangpeng , Liu Naixin , Zhang Zi-Hui , Yan Jiancahng
Published: April 2022

Low light extraction efficiency (LEE), high forward voltage and severe self-heating effect greatly affect the performance for AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs). In this work, surface-textured Ga-face n-AlGaN is fabricated low-costly using self-assembled SiO2 nanosphere as hard mask. The experimental results manifest that when compared with conventional DUV LEDs, the optical power, the forward voltage and the thermal characteristics for the DUV LEDs with surface-textured Ga-face n-AlGaN are improved obviously. It is because the surface-textured Ga-face n-AlGaN between mesa and the n-electrode can be used as the scattering center for trapped light, and this leads to the enhanced LEE. Furthermore, thanks to the surface-textured n-AlGaN under the n-electrode, the n-type ohmic contact area can be increased effectively. Therefore, the n-type ohmic contact resistance can be reduced and the better heat dissipation can be attained for the proposed flip-chip DUV LED.
Effect of observer age and stimulus size on the performance of CIE color matching functions
Authors: Huang Min , Wang Yu , Wei Minchen , Li Yu , Gao XinYuan , Li Xiu
Published: April 2022

Both observer age and size of stimulus as characterized using the field of view (FOV) are two important parameters to affect the color matching functions (CMFs) of human observers. They are also included in the cone fundamental and CMFs models that were recently proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 2006. In contrast to the great number of studies investigating the performance of CMFs in characterizing color matches and mismatches using different primary sets, few study investigated the effect of CMFs in characterizing these two factors. In this study, we carefully designed a series of test stimuli in five colors, which had different magnitudes of calculated color difference to the corresponding reference stimulus using the CIE 2006 CMFs model. The stimuli were presented in two FOVs (i.e., 8.6° and 2.9°). A group of young and senior observers were asked to judge which of the two test stimuli appeared to be similar to the reference stimulus, which was a forced choice. The color differences calculated using the CIE 1931 2° and 1964 10° CMFs were found to have higher correlations to the visual color differences judged by the senior and young observers respectively, regardless of the actual FOVs used in the experiment. In addition, though the CIE 2006 CMFs with the different parameter settings always had better performance in predicting the perceived color differences, they failed to characterize the effect of observer age and stimulus size. Also, the experiment results did not support the CIE’s recommendation of using the 10° CMFs for stimuli with an FOV greater than 4° and the 2° CMFs for those smaller than 4°.
Inhomogeneous spatial distribution of residual amplitude modulation in optical phase modulation using a bulk electro-optic crystal
Authors: Zhi Yunlin , Chen Lisheng , Li Liufeng
Published: April 2022

Residual amplitude modulation is one of the major sources of instability in many precision measurements using frequency modulation techniques. Although a transverse and inhomogeneous distribution of residual amplitude modulation has long been observed, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. We perform measurement and analysis of this spatial inhomogeneity using several electro-optic crystals of different types. Two distinct components are identified in the spatial distributions, and their detailed properties, some of which are previously unnoticed, are mapped out and analyzed, showing that the spatial inhomogeneity can be explained by acousto-optic interaction inside the crystal. Moreover, this spatial inhomogeneity can be further suppressed, improving the 1000-s stability of residual amplitude modulation to 3×10−7 (8×10−8) at modulation frequency of 11 MHz (120 kHz), corresponding to a frequency instability of 1×10−17 (3×10−18), estimated for a cavity-stabilized laser using a Pound-Drever-Hall discrimination slope of 1×10−4 V/Hz.
Effective switching of an all-solid-state mode-locked laser by a graphene modulator
Authors: Dai Tengfei , Chang Jianhua , Deng Zhiliang , Li Hongxu , Liu Xiang , Ni Haibin , Sun Jun
Published: April 2022

Although sophisticated novel saturable absorber materials are available for the development of ultrafast lasers, innovative approaches and devices play an increasingly important role in continuously adjusting mode-locked lasers with electrical gating. In this study, electrically switched operational regimes of an Nd:YVO4 all-solid-state mode-locked laser with a high modulation ratio (from 900 ns to 15 ps) are demonstrated for the first time. The laser can automatically switch multiple operation regimes with the assistance of electrical signals using techniques such as Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking (QML), and continuous-wave mode-locking (CWML). The device is operated at an ultralow electrical modulation power (0.1 nW) to generate sub 15 ps pulses with a high average output power (as much as 800 mW) from a mode-locked laser operating at 1064 nm. The results verify the reversible switching of the operational regimes from QML to CWML and provide a basis for exploring their applications in electro-optical devices.
Amorphous-silicon visible-light detector integrated on silicon nitride waveguides
Authors: De Vita Christian , Toso Fabio , Pruiti Natale Giovanni , Klitis Charalambos , Ferrari Giorgio , Sorel Marc , Melloni Andrea , Morichetti Francesco
Published: April 2022

Visible-light integrated photonics is emerging as a promising technology for the realization of optical devices for applications in sensing, quantum information and communications, imaging, and displays. Among the existing photonic platforms, high-index-contrast silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides offer broadband transparency in the visible spectral range and a high scale of integration. As the complexity of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) increases, on-chip detectors are required to monitor their working point for reconfiguration and stabilization operations. In this Letter, we present a semi-transparent in-line power monitor integrated on Si3N4 waveguides that operates in the red-light wavelength range (660 nm). The proposed device exploits the photoconductivity of a hydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) film that is evanescently coupled to an optical waveguide. Experimental results show a responsivity of 30 mA/W, a sensitivity of –45 dBm, and a sub-µs time response. These features enable the use of the proposed photoconductor for high-sensitivity monitoring and control of visible-light Si3N4 PICs.
Experimental demonstration of error-free key distribution without an external random source or device over a 300-km optical fiber
Authors: Zhu Kongni , Zhang Jie , Li Yajie , Wang Wei , Liu Xiangyu , Zhao Yongli
Published: April 2022

Based on angle rotation, we proposed an error-free key distribution
scheme that does not require pre-shared information. The key
consistency comes from the consistency of angular differences, and the
randomness of the key comes from random initial angles and methods of
key generation. The initial angle is randomly rotated in order to
improve the immunity against eavesdroppers, and the scheme can resist
common attacks. The error-free secure key is obtained with key
post-processing techniques. The proposed scheme is validated in the
physical layer by mapping angular changes to phase variations, which
does not require an external random source or an additional device.
Experimental results demonstrate that an error-free key can be
obtained with the key generation rate of 127.12 Mbit/s over a 300-km
standard single-mode fiber.
Dispersion compensation for spectral domain optical coherence tomography by time-frequency analysis and iterative optimization
Authors: Luo Shangbang , Holland Guy , Mikula Eric , Bradford Samantha , Khazaeinezhad Reza , Jester James V , Juhasz Tibor
Published: April 2022

We report a new numeric dispersion compensation method for the device’s dispersion mismatch in a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for imaging the iridocorneal angle of human cadaver eyes. The dispersion compensation term is calculated by an automated iterative process that minimizes the wavenumber-dependent variance of the ridge extracted from the spatial-spectral distribution of a mirror’s spectral interferogram using short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Our method can extract different amounts of dispersion robustly, and the algorithm can work in a wide range of combinations of window sizes and overlaps when using an STFT. Comparable point spread functions (PSFs) are shown to a traditional polynomial fitting method. Lastly, we verified that our imaging system is able to visualize the iridocorneal angle details, such as trabecular meshwork (TM), Schlemm’s canal (SC), and collector channels (CCs), which are important ocular outflow structures associated with glaucoma management.
Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index
Authors: Casswell Sally , Huckle Taisia , Parker Karl , Romeo Jose , Graydon-Guy Thomas , Leung June , Byron Karimu , Callinan Sarah , Chaiyasong Surasak , Gordon Ross , MacKintosh Anne Marie , Meier Petra , Paraje Guillermo , Parry Charles D. , Pham Cuong , Petersen Williams Petal , Randerson Steve , Schelleman-Offermans Karen , Sengee Gantuya , Torun Perihan , van Dalen Wim , Harker Nadine
Published: April 2022

This study developed a measurement tool to assess stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impact of four key alcohol policy domains to create an alcohol policy index suitable for benchmarking alcohol policy and assessing change over time in middle- and high-income countries. It involved a collaboration between researchers in 12 diverse countries: New Zealand; Australia; England; Scotland; Netherlands; Vietnam; Thailand; South Africa; Turkey; Chile; Saint Kitts and Nevis and Mongolia. Data on the four most effective alcohol policy domains (availability, pricing policy, alcohol marketing, drink driving) were used to create an alcohol policy index based on their association with alcohol per capita consumption (APC) of commercial (recorded) alcohol. An innovation was the inclusion of measures of impact along with the stringency of the legislation or regulation. The resulting International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index showed a very high negative correlation (-0.91) with recorded APC. Greater affordability of alcohol, an impact measure taking into account prices paid and countries’ Gross Domestic Product, was predictive of higher APC (-0.80). Countries in which more modes of alcohol marketing are legally allowed and used had higher APC. Legislation on outlet density and drink driving predicted APC whereas trading hours did not. While stringency and impact measures varied between domains in terms of relationship with APC, overall, there was a strong correlation between impact and stringency (0.77). The IAC Policy Index, which includes measures of policy stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impacts in relation to four key policy areas, was found to be strongly associated with commercial alcohol consumed in a number of diverse country settings. It showed a larger relationship than previous indices that include more policy dimensions. The index provides a relatively simple tool for benchmarking and communication with policy makers to encourage a strong focus on uptake of these four most effective alcohol policies.
Beyond eves and cracks: An interdisciplinary study of socio-spatial variation in urban malaria transmission in Ethiopia
Authors: Nieto-Sanchez Claudia , Dens Stefanie , Solomon Kalkidan , Haile Asgedom , Yuan Yue , Hawer Thomas , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Addissie Adamu , Grietens Koen Peeters
Published: April 2022

During the past century, the global trend of reduced malaria transmission has been concurrent with increasing urbanization. Although urbanization has traditionally been considered beneficial for vector control, the adaptation of malaria vectors to urban environments has created concerns among scientific communities and national vector control programs. Since urbanization rates in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world, the Ethiopian government developed an initiative focused on building multi-storied units organized in condominium housing. This study aimed to develop an interdisciplinary methodological approach that integrates architecture, landscape urbanism, medical anthropology, and entomology to characterize exposure to malaria vectors in this form of housing in three condominiums in Jimma Town. Mosquitoes were collected using light trap catches (LTCs) both indoor and outdoor during 2019’s rainy season. Architectural drawings and ethnographic research were superposed to entomological data to detect critical interactions between uses of the space and settlement conditions potentially affecting malaria vector abundance and distribution. A total of 34 anopheline mosquitoes comprising three species (Anopheles gambiae s.l, An. pharoensis and An. coustani complex) were collected during the three months of mosquito collection. Anopheles gambiae s.l, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia, was the predominant species of all the anophelines collected. Distribution of mosquito breeding sites across scales (household, settlement, urban landscape) is explained by environmental conditions, socio-cultural practices involving modification of existing spaces, and systemic misfits between built environment and territory. Variations in mosquito abundance and distribution in this study were mainly related to standard building practices that ignore the original logics of the territory, deficiency of water and waste disposal management systems, and adaptations of the space to fit heterogeneous lifestyles of residents. Our results indicate that contextualizing malaria control strategies in relation to vector ecology, social dynamics determining specific uses of the space, as well as building and territorial conditions could strengthen current elimination efforts. Although individual housing remains a critical unit of research for vector control interventions, this study demonstrates the importance of studying housing settlements at communal level to capture systemic interactions impacting transmission at the household level and in outdoor areas.
Hypoxaemia prevalence and management among children and adults presenting to primary care facilities in Uganda: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Graham Hamish R. , Kamuntu Yewande , Miller Jasmine , Barrett Anna , Kunihira Blasio , Engol Santa , Kabunga Lorraine , Lam Felix , Olaro Charles , Ajilong Harriet , Kitutu Freddy Eric
Published: April 2022

Hypoxaemia (low blood oxygen) is common among hospitalised patients, increasing the odds of death five-fold and requiring prompt detection and treatment. However, we know little about hypoxaemia prevalence in primary care and the role for pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy. This study assessed the prevalence and management of hypoxaemia at primary care facilities in Uganda. We conducted a cross sectional prevalence study and prospective cohort study of children with hypoxaemia in 30 primary care facilities in Uganda, Feb-Apr 2021. Clinical data collectors used handheld pulse oximeters to measure blood oxygen level (SpO2) of all acutely unwell children, adolescents, and adults. We followed up a cohort of children aged under 15 years with SpO2<93% by phone after 7 days to determine if the patient had attended another health facility, been admitted, or recovered. Primary outcome: proportion of children under 5 years of age with severe hypoxaemia (SpO2<90%). Secondary outcomes: severe (SpO2<90%) and moderate hypoxaemia (SpO290–93%) prevalence by age/sex/complaint; number of children with hypoxaemia referred, admitted and recovered. We included 1561 children U5, 935 children 5–14 years, and 3284 adolescents/adults 15+ years. Among children U5, the prevalence of severe hypoxaemia was 1.3% (95% CI 0.9 to 2.1); an additional 4.9% (3.9 to 6.1) had moderate hypoxaemia. Performing pulse oximetry according to World Health Organization guidelines exclusively on children with respiratory complaints would have missed 14% (3/21) of severe hypoxaemia and 11% (6/55) of moderate hypoxaemia. Hypoxaemia prevalence was low among children 5–14 years (0.3% severe, 1.1% moderate) and adolescents/adults 15+ years (0.1% severe, 0.5% moderate). A minority (12/27, 44%) of severely hypoxaemic patients were referred; 3 (12%) received oxygen. We followed 87 children aged under 15 years with SpO2<93%, with complete data for 61 (70%), finding low rates of referral (6/61, 10%), hospital attendance (10/61, 16%), and admission (6/61, 10%) with most (44/61, 72%) fully recovered at day 7. Barriers to referral included caregiver belief it was unnecessary (42/51, 82%), cost (8/51, 16%), and distance or lack of transport (3/51, 6%). Hypoxaemia is common among acutely unwell children under five years of age presenting to Ugandan primary care facilities. Routine pulse oximetry has potential to improve referral, management and clinical outcomes. Effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy for primary care should be investigated in implementation trials, including economic analysis from health system and societal perspectives.