bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding their way home: The reunification of First Nations adoptees
Authors: Landers Ashley L. , Danes Sharon M. , White Hawk Sandy
Published: December 2021

Entire generations of First Nations people have been separated from their birth families and tribes by historical acts of relocation, boarding schools, and the adoption era. Reunification is an essential component to rebuilding the First Nations population. It is echoed across tribes captured by the phrase, “generation after generation we are coming home” (White Hawk, 2014). The purpose of this study was to investigate personal and social identity indicators that contribute to a satisfactory reunification for 95 First Nations adult adoptees who were separated from their birth families during childhood by foster-care and/or adoption. Retrospective survey data originated from the Experiences of Adopted and Fostered Individuals Project. The overall model of satisfactory reunification was statistically significant, and explained 16.6% of the total variance. The study’s findings revealed two social identity variables were statistically significant in relation to the reunification experience – high social connection to tribe (positive relationship) and reunification with the birthmother (negative relationship). First Nations adoptees have not only a biological/birth family to return to, but also a tribe, and ancestral land. Components of social identity are particularly important for the reunification process of First Nations adoptees. Reconnection with extended family and social connection to tribe play a critical role in bettering the reunification experience from the adoptee’s perspective.
The Indigenous Child Removal System in Canada: An Examination of Legal Decision-making and Racial Bias
Authors: Sinclair Raven
Published: December 2021

This Indigenous child removal system in Canada has been in operation since the 1950s and has created unprecedented Indigenous child overrepresentation in the child welfare system. While five generations of residential schools and disastrous socio-economic conditions often warrant child welfare involvement, the statistics for Indigenous children in care are so disproportionate that we are called to examine key factors that have created and sustain the system. While history provides a contextual frame for these statistics, examining legislation and legal decision-making in Indigenous child welfare cases sheds light on how legal and racial factors contribute to ongoing Indigenous child removals from families and culture. This article is a call for the Indigenous child removal system to be overhauled and suggests that the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission final report can guide us in how that can be achieved.
Aboriginal Children's Hurt & Healing (ACHH) Initiative: First Nation community
health video
Authors:   Aboriginal Children's Hurt & Healing
        Initiative
Published: December 2021

The Aboriginal Children’s Hurt & Healing (ACHH) Initiative is a research
initiative aimed at improving Indigenous children’s healthcare experiences. The ACHH
Initiative seeks to recognize the pain and hurt experience of Indigenous children and youth
by gathering individual stories and artwork to better understand cultural differences for
both the emotional and physical pain experience. The ACHH Initiative, in collaboration with
several First Nations communities across the Mi’kma’ki and Wolastoqey regions, offered
conversation and art sessions to community members. A knowledge sharing video communicating
community ideas from this work was developed, with youth identifying emotional pain depicted
through artwork. This knowledge represents a profound cultural understanding of pain as
something that is experienced on multiple levels - physical, emotional, mental and
spiritual. This video was produced by RPM Productions.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE WATER USE
Authors: Stevović Svetlana , Nestorović Žarko , Đurić Neđo
Published: December 2021

Nanotechnology, as contemporary field of research in forming of materials and devices on the level of molecule and atoms, is founding broad utilization in different scientific and engineering domains. The influence of nanotechnology on the development of contemporary human society has got a significant potential in domains as economy, environment protection, health and improvement of the quality of life. The need for fresh water as a necessary resource for living world, as well as the economic activity on the level of humanity is growing in the conditions of increasing population, increasing economic activities and increasing pollution. In that sense the conventional methods for water treatment may become ineffective for providing sustainable utilization of water resources in the future. Nanotechnology as a contemporary scientific and engineering field is considered efficient and potentially, the only solution for sustainable utilization of fresh water in the future. The efforts in nanotechnology utilization for sustainability of fresh water resources mean comprehensive approach and clarity in defining goals as well as the ways for their realization. The basic expectations of nanotechnology in the sense of fresh water resources utilization are directed to enhancement of fresh water availability, increase of efficiency of fresh water delivery and enabling next generation systems for fresh water quality monitoring. The increase of fresh water availability by nanotechnology means development of filtering systems and development of membrane systems, inverse osmosis for water desalinization and catalysts for water treatment. Efficiency of fresh water delivery based on nanotechnology means reducing energy necessary for its transportation, developing system of pipes and components which are easier, stronger and which will last longer as well as to provide cheap materials which improve energy efficiency for heating and cooling. All these processes for nanotechnology development aiming to provide sustainable fresh water resources utilization require significant efforts on scientific and engineering level in order to be utilized in everyday life. This paper aims to research the state of the art of nanotechnology development in the domain of sustainable utilization of fresh water resources.
УТАЈА ПОРЕЗА У ЗАКОНОДАВСТВУ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Петковић Игор
Published: December 2021

Јавноправни карактер кривичног права, иако увијек присутан, код неких кривичних дјела је јасно уочљив. Ако се порези дефинишу као „инструмент јавних прихода којим држава (укључујући и ниже политичко-територијалне заједнице) од субјеката под својом пореском власти при-нудно узима новчана средства, без непосредне противуслуге, у сврху покривања својих финансијских потреба и постизања других – првенствено економских и социјалних циљева“ постаје јасно зашто пореска утаја не губи на актуелности, како у вршењу тако и у настојању др-жаве да јој се супротстави. Реформа у области кривичног законодавства, извршена 2003. го-дине, кривичноправну материју регулисала је по принципу паралелно-подијељене законодавне надлежности. Општи дио кривичног закона регулисан је паралелно (и углавном уједначено) кроз четири кривична закона, док је посебни дио садржински прилагођен нивоу на ком је конкретан кривични закон донесен и у погледу њега надлежност је подијељена. Упркос истовјетној кривичноправној баштини, четири босанско-херцеговачка законодавца кривично дјело пореске утаје различито су назвала и конституисала. Сврставајући га у различите главе посебног дијела кривичних закона, на различит начин су опредијелили његов карактер. Иако је укидањем привредног преступа, као категорије деликта, донекле растерећен систем, увођење кривице правних лица за кривична дјела подразумијевало је системске измјене прилагођене овој категорији учинилаца. Бројне надлежности и бланкетни карактер додатно услож-њавају разумијевање пореске утаје. Нека питања традиционално прате ово кривично дјело, а нека се намећу упоређивањем позитивноправних рјешења. Циљ рада је указивање, кроз анализу и компарацију домаћих пози-тивноправних рјешења, на значај кривичног дјела пореске утаје и по-требу њеног свеобухватнијег проучавања, јер у односу на многа друга кривична дјела, у досадашњој научној и стручној обради пореској утаји није посвећена пажња која је у сразмјери са њеним значајем.
СУДСКА ПРАКСА УСТАВНОГ СУДА РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Дмичић Миле
Published: December 2021

ЗАКОН О НОТАРИМА С обзиром на то да је у току поступка оспорена одредба За-кона о нотарима усаглашена са Уставом, а Суд није оцијенио да треба донијети одлуку због тога што нису отклоњене посљедице неуставности, одлучено је да се обустави поступак за оцјењивање уставности члана 6, тачка 1 Закона о нотарима.
УГОВОРНА КАЗНА
Authors: Драгичевић Милица
Published: December 2021

У овом раду ћемо говорити о уговорној казни као личном средству обезбјеђења облигација, њеном појму, врстама и смањењу њеног износа ако је несразмјерно висок. Разматраћемо и однос уговорне казне и накнаде штете, као и њен однос са законом одређеном накнадом. Приликом израде рада користићемо се позитивноправним, историјским и упоредним методом. Основни предмет разматрања представљају одредбе Закона о облигационим односима са освртом на рјешења која су прихваћена у упоредном праву. С обзиром на то да је у Републици Србији у процесу доношење Грађанског законика, анализираћемо рјешења која се односе на уговорну казну. Циљ рада је да извршимо поређење рјешења појединих националних система у погледу овог личног средства обезбјеђења облигација. Предмет анализе биће и рјешења Начела европског уговорног права, која по многим правницима представљају увод у европски грађански законик. Притом, водили смо рачуна, не само о прихваћеним рјешењима у законодавству и доктрини, већ и о судској пракси.
ПОСЕБНОСТИ ФИСКАЛНИХ ОДНОСА У СЛОЖЕНИМ ДРЖАВАМА – ПРИМЈЕР БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Мариловић Ђорђе
Published: December 2021

Овим радом се настоје приказати посебности фискалних односа у сложеним државама на примјеру Босне и Херцеговине (БиХ). Приказ се тиче само приходног аспекта јавних финансија у БиХ, односно пореза у најширем смислу. Порески системи у БиХ сагледани су кроз призму пореског права, без дубљег залажења у анализу економских посљедица постојања ових система. Босна и Херцеговина је узета за примјер због наглашено сложених односа између правних система који постоје у БиХ. Основна хипотеза овога рада је да у сложеним државама, под одре-ђеним околностима, може постојати више пореских система. Хипотеза се конкретизује на примјеру БиХ кроз тврдњу о постојању више пореских система у БиХ. У прилог овој тврдњи учињен је покушај да се одреде ови системи и њихов међусобни однос. Постојање пореског система одмјеравано је наспрам степена самосталности у три активности: увођењу пореза, расподјели прихода од пореза и администрирању порезима. Закључак је да у БиХ постоје најмање четири пореска система, у високом степену одвојена, а од којих је један настао тек осам година након успостављања БиХ. Закључно, предлаже се уређење односа између тих пореских система кроз сагледавање могућности и препознавање тренутно прихватљивих рјешења.
Intelligent systems for additive manufacturing-based repair in remanufacturing: a systematic review of its potential
Authors: Mad Yusoh Siti Syahara , Abd Wahab Dzuraidah , Adil Habeeb Hiyam , Azman Abdul Hadi
Published: December 2021

The conventional component repair in remanufacturing involves human decision making that is influenced by several factors such as conditions of incoming cores, modes of failure, severity of damage, features and geometric complexities of cores and types of reparation required. Repair can be enhanced through automation using additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Advancements in AM have led to the development of directed energy deposition and laser cladding technology for repair of damaged parts and components. The objective of this systematic literature review is to ascertain how intelligent systems can be integrated into AM-based repair, through artificial intelligence (AI) approaches capable of supporting the nature and process of decision making during repair. The integration of intelligent systems in AM repair is expected to enhance resource utilization and repair efficiency during remanufacturing. Based on a systematic literature review of articles published during 2005–2021, the study analyses the activities of conventional repair in remanufacturing, trends in the applications of AM for repair using the current state-of-the-art technology and how AI has been deployed to facilitate repair. The study concludes with suggestions on research areas and opportunities that will further enhance the automation of component repair during remanufacturing using intelligent AM systems.
Identification of Theileria spp. in sheep and goats from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using molecular techniques
Authors: Metwally Dina M. , Alajmi Reem , Alsulami Muslimah N. , Al-Turaiki Isra M. , Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Alkhuriji Afrah F. , Albohiri Haleema H. , Mohamed Khalil , Baghdadi Hanadi B. , El-Khadragy Manal F. , Isaias Guillermo T. , El-Ashram Saeed
Published: December 2021

Background

Thileriosis is a tick -born disease caused by hemoprotozoan parasites which has global veterinary and economic implications.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 216 sheep and 83 goats from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed to determine whether the animals were infected with Theileria spp. parasites. The parasites were detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the gene of 18S rRNA followed by sequencing.

Results

According to obtained findings, Theileria spp. were detected in sheep (57.8%, 48/83) and goats (51.9%, 112/216). Phylogenetic analysis to sequence data showed that T. ovis identified in this study were found to be closely connected to an isolate from Turkey, with 84.4–99.8% pairwise identity and 52.35–99.79% coverage.
A fresh look at Cladarosymblema narrienense, a tetrapodomorph fish (Sarcopterygii: Megalichthyidae) from the Carboniferous of Australia, illuminated via X-ray tomography
Authors: Clement Alice M. , Cloutier Richard , Lu Jing , Perilli Egon , Maksimenko Anton , Long John
Published: December 2021

Background

The megalichthyids are one of several clades of extinct tetrapodomorph fish that lived throughout the Devonian–Permian periods. They are advanced “osteolepidid-grade” fishes that lived in freshwater swamp and lake environments, with some taxa growing to very large sizes. They bear cosmine-covered bones and a large premaxillary tusk that lies lingually to a row of small teeth. Diagnosis of the family remains controversial with various authors revising it several times in recent works. There are fewer than 10 genera known globally, and only one member definitively identified from Gondwana. Cladarosymblema narrienense Fox et al. 1995 was described from the Lower Carboniferous Raymond Formation in Queensland, Australia, on the basis of several well-preserved specimens. Despite this detailed work, several aspects of its anatomy remain undescribed.

Methods

Two especially well-preserved 3D fossils of Cladarosymblema narrienense, including the holotype specimen, are scanned using synchrotron or micro-computed tomography (µCT), and 3D modelled using specialist segmentation and visualisation software. New anatomical detail, in particular internal anatomy, is revealed for the first time in this taxon. A novel phylogenetic matrix, adapted from other recent work on tetrapodomorphs, is used to clarify the interrelationships of the megalichthyids and confirm the phylogenetic position of C. narrienense.

Results

Never before seen morphological details of the palate, hyoid arch, basibranchial skeleton, pectoral girdle and axial skeleton are revealed and described. Several additional features are confirmed or updated from the original description. Moreover, the first full, virtual cranial endocast of any tetrapodomorph fish is presented and described, giving insight into the early neural adaptations in this group. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of the Megalichthyidae with seven genera included (Askerichthys, Cladarosymblema, Ectosteorhachis, Mahalalepis, Megalichthys, Palatinichthys, and Sengoerichthys). The position of the megalichthyids as sister group to canowindrids, crownward of “osteolepidids” (e.g.,Osteolepis and Gogonasus), but below “tristichopterids” such as Eusthenopteron is confirmed, but our findings suggest further work is required to resolve megalichthyid interrelationships.
КОНСТРУКТИВНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ КМОП КНИ-ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ С ПОВЫШЕННОЙ СТОЙКОСТЬЮ К НАКОПЛЕННОЙ ДОЗЕ ИОНИЗИРУЮЩЕГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Лагаев Д.А. , Шелепин Н. А.
Published: December 2021

В работе рассмотрены методы повышения стойкости интегральных микросхем к ионизирующему излучению, реализованных на базе КНИ КМОП технологии. Дается описание основных эффектов, возникающих в КНИ КМОП-транзисторах при взаимодействии с ионизирующим излучением космического пространства. Представлен ряд приемов, позволяющих повысить радиационную стойкость ИМС на базе КНИ КМОП технологии. Анализируются перспективы развития изделий микроэлектроники с повышенной стойкостью к внешним воздействиям в условиях постоянного уменьшения проектных норм.
АТОМНО-СЛОЕВОЕ ОСАЖДЕНИЕ ТОНКИХ СЛОЕВ НИТРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ДЛЯ МИКРО- И НАНОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Васильев В.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Выполнен обзор информационных источников с глубиной поиска 25 лет по результатам экспериментальных исследований процессов атомно-слоевого осаждения тонких слоев нитрида кремния с термической и плазменной активацией для применения в современных микро- и наноэлектронных технологиях.
Plasmodium falciparum HSP40 protein eCiJp traffics to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and interacts with the human HSP70 chaperone HSPA1
Authors: Sahu Welka , Bai Tapaswini , Panda Pritam Kumar , Mazumder Archita , Das Aleena , Ojha Deepak Kumar , Verma Suresh K. , Elangovan Selvakumar , Reddy K. Sony
Published: December 2021

Renovation of host erythrocytes is vital for pathogenesis by Plasmodium falciparum. These changes are mediated by parasite proteins that translocate beyond the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane in an unfolded state, suggesting protein folding by chaperones is imperative for the functionality of exported proteins. We report a type IV P. falciparum heat‐shock protein 40, PF11_0034, that localizes to the cytoplasmic side of J‐dots and interacts with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton, and therefore named eCiJp (erythrocyte cytoskeleton‐interacting J protein). Recombinant eCiJp binds to the human heat‐shock protein 70 HsHSPA1 and promotes its ATPase activity. In addition, eCiJp could suppress protein aggregation. Our data suggest that eCiJp recruits HsHSPA1 to the host erythrocyte cytoskeleton, where it may become involved in remodeling of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton and/or folding of exported parasite proteins.
Clinical and biological relevance of the transcriptomic‐based prostate cancer metastasis subtypes MetA‐C
Authors: Thysell Elin , Köhn Linda , Semenas Julius , Järemo Helena , Freyhult Eva , Lundholm Marie , Thellenberg Karlsson Camilla , Damber Jan‐Erik , Widmark Anders , Crnalic Sead , Josefsson Andreas , Welén Karin , Nilsson Rolf J. A. , Bergh Anders , Wikström Pernilla
Published: December 2021

To improve treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, the biology of metastases needs to be understood. We recently described three subtypes of prostate cancer bone metastases (MetA‐C), based on differential gene expression. The aim of this study was to verify the clinical relevance of these subtypes and to explore their biology and relations to genetic drivers. Freshly‐frozen metastasis samples were obtained as hormone‐naive (n = 17), short‐term castrated (n = 21), or castration‐resistant (n = 65) from a total of 67 patients. Previously published sequencing data from 573 metastasis samples were also analyzed. Through transcriptome profiling and sample classification based on a set of predefined MetA‐C‐differentiating genes, we found that most metastases were heterogeneous for the MetA‐C subtypes. Overall, MetA was the most common subtype, while MetB was significantly enriched in castration‐resistant samples and in liver metastases, and consistently associated with poor prognosis. By gene set enrichment analysis, the phenotype of MetA was described by high androgen response, protein secretion and adipogenesis, MetB by high cell cycle activity and DNA repair, and MetC by epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and inflammation. The MetB subtype demonstrated single nucleotide variants of RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) and loss of 21 genes at chromosome 13, including RB1, but provided independent prognostic value to those genetic aberrations. In conclusion, a distinct set of gene transcripts can be used to classify prostate cancer metastases into the subtypes MetA‐C. The MetA‐C subtypes show diverse biology, organ tropism, and prognosis. The MetA‐C classification may be used independently, or in combination with genetic markers, primarily to identify MetB patients in need of complementary therapy to conventional androgen receptor‐targeting treatments.
From Stochastic Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles to Nanostructured (Photo)Electrocatalysts for Renewable Power‐to‐X Applications via Scalable Flame Synthesis
Authors: Tran‐Phu Thanh , Daiyan Rahman , Ta Xuan Minh Chau , Amal Rose , Tricoli Antonio
Published: December 2021

Environmentally friendly routes from “Power‐to‐X” (P2X) technologies to sustainably harvest and store renewable energy with net‐zero CO2 emission are imperative. The concept of P2X relies on (photo)electrolysis of earth‐abundant molecules into value‐added products. For practical utilization, engineering robust, active, albeit inexpensive (photo)electrocatalysts via industrially compatible technologies is indeed crucial. In this context, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) stands as an emerging approach for one‐step synthesis of ready‐to‐use (photo)electrocatalysts with production rates of Kg h‐1 in lab‐scales. While features of FSP to engineer nanomaterials have been summarised, there is a need for more critical discussions on key factors, modulating properties of flame‐made catalysts. Therefore, this review article will first provide an overview about the concept of the P2X and catalyst development strategies. Unique characteristic of flame‐synthesized nano‐catalysts including compositions, fractal morphologies, defects, and active sites will be then critically discussed. Furthermore, a potential of FSP as an electrode‐assembly technique for one‐step preparation of catalysts on gas diffusion layers for industry‐relevant electrolyser testing will be presented. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities of FSP for renewable energies will be raised. This will provide insights into the versatility and commercial viability of the FSP route for engineering novel nanostructured catalysts for renewable energy applications.
An Adenovirus‐Mimicking Photoactive Nanomachine Preferentially Invades and Destroys Cancer Cells through Hijacking Cellular Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Yu , Feng Shujun , Hu Getian , Fang Tianliang , Xie Deqiao , Lu Qiangbing , Xu Yurui , Shen Lida , Ning Xinghai
Published: December 2021

Elevated glucose metabolism is an important hallmark of malignancy, and closely relates to cancer growth and progression, making it a promising target for cancer treatment. Herein, an adenovirus‐mimicking nanomachine (AMN) is developed for improving the management of malignancy, which has a unique core‐shell‐shell architecture consisting of gold nanorods (AuNR) and glucose oxidase (GOx) loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (core) @ manganese dioxide mineralized albumin (BSA‐MnO2) (interior shell) @ RGD peptide‐functionalized PEG (exterior shell). AMN selectively invades tumor cells and triggers metabolic competition to limit nutrient availability, which not only directly eliminates cancer cells, but enhances cancer response to the treatment. It is identified that AMN exhibits good photothermal efficacy, which significantly enhances GOx activity to kill cancer cells. Meanwhile, AMN triggers MnO2 catalyzed oxygen generation, further improving GOx mediated starvation therapy, which greatly inhibits the expression of heat shock proteins and in turn enhances photothermal efficacy, resulting in synergistic anticancer effects. In vivo studies demonstrate that AMN selectively accumulates in the tumor and effectively eliminates the tumor without side‐effects. Notably, AMN exhibits trimodal imaging capability of photothermal, photoacoustic, and CT imaging, allowing for sensitively detecting tumors. Therefore, a promising anticancer strategy is provided by hijacking cellular glucose metabolism, which has great anticancer potential.
Lithiophilic 3D Copper‐Based Magnetic Current Collector for Lithium‐Free Anode to Realize Deep Lithium Deposition
Authors: Zhang Jianli , Chen Haibo , Wen Ming , Shen Kang , Chen Qiang , Hou Guangya , Tang Yiping
Published: December 2021

Lithium metal is the ideal anode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐based batteries. Nevertheless, lithium metal tends to accumulate on the surface of the current collector during the plating and stripping process to form lithium dendrites, resulting in low Coulombic efficiency and safety issues. Here, a lithiophilic 3D copper‐based magnetic current collector is designed by loading ferromagnetic nickel–cobalt alloy and lithiophilic zinc oxide onto the copper foam to create a lithium‐free anode. Under the micromagnetic field, the novel lithium‐free anode achieves a high level of deep lithium deposition (from 300 µm to about 1000 µm), successfully alleviating the large change of lithium volume. In addition, the Coulombic efficiency and cyclic stability are improved effectively. With a total capacity of 1 mA h cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, the Coulombic efficiency of the above remains 95% at 590th‐cycle. Moreover, the symmetric cell can stably cycle for more than 560 h at 2 mA cm−2 with the capacity of 1 mA h cm−2. This novel strategy will potentially open up new horizons for lithium‐free anodes, which may be generalized to other advanced energy storage systems.
15.71% Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Based on Low‐Cost Synthesized Donor Molecules
Authors: Guo Jing , Qiu Beibei , Yang Dengchen , Zhu Can , Zhou Liuyang , Su Chunjen , Jeng U‐Ser , Xia Xinxin , Lu Xinhui , Meng Lei , Zhang Zhanjun , Li Yongfang
Published: December 2021

Low cost, high efficiency, and high stability are the three key issues of organic solar cells (OSCs) that should be carefully considered to meet the requirement of future commercial applications. Therefore, the development of high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials with low synthetic cost has been becoming a crucial challenge in the field of OSCs. Herein, two new low‐cost small‐molecule donors (SM‐BF1 and SM‐BF2) are designed and synthesized with a facile synthetic route by replacing 4‐bromo‐2‐fluorobenzenethiol and 4‐bromo‐3‐fluorobenzenethiol with low‐cost 4‐bromo‐2‐fluoro‐1‐iodobenzene and 4‐bromo‐3‐fluoro‐1‐iodobenzene as key raw materials. Besides, the influence of the chemical steric effect of the phenyl conjugated side chains of the benzodithiophene (BDT) unit on photophysical properties, charge transfer, and photovoltaic properties are deeply investigated by the modulation of fluorine atom substituted position. As a result, SM‐BF1 with ortho‐fluorinated substituent has outstanding crystallization properties and better miscibility with acceptor Y6 and exhibits more desirable morphology and more balanced charge‐carrier transport properties, leading to a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 15.71%. More encouragingly, according to the figure of merit (FOM) and the industrial figure of merit (i‐FOM) to evaluate the small‐molecule donors, the SM‐BF1‐based device has excellent potential for future commercial applications.
Charge‐Induced Structural Changes of Confined Copolymer Hydrogels for Controlled Surface Morphology, Rheological Response, Adhesion, and Friction
Authors: Deptula Alexander , Wade Matthew , Rogers Simon A. , Espinosa‐Marzal Rosa M.
Published: December 2021

The ability to modulate polyacrylamide hydrogel surface morphology, rheological properties, adhesion and frictional response is demonstrated by combining acrylic acid copolymerization and network confinement via grafting to a surface. Specifically, atomic force microscopy imaging reveals both micellar and lamellar microphase separations in grafted copolymer hydrogels. Bulk characterization is conducted to reveal the mechanisms underlying microstructural changes and ordering of the polymer network, supporting that they stem from the balance between hydrogen bonding in the substrate‐grafted hydrogels, electrostatic interactions, and a decrease in osmotically active charges. The morphological modulation has direct impacts on the spatial distribution of surface stiffness and adhesion. Furthermore, lateral force measurements show that the microphase separations lead to speed and load‐dependent lubrication regimes as well as spatial variation of friction. A proof of concept via salt screening demonstrates the dynamic control of surface morphology and adhesion. This work advances the knowledge necessary to design complex hydrogel interfaces that enable spatial and dynamic control of surface morphology and thereby of friction and adhesion through modulation of hydrogel composition and surface confinement, which is of significance for applications in biomedical devices, soft tissue design, soft robotics, and other engineered tribosystems.
Photoelectric Dual Response Nonvolatile Memory Device Based on Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots and Fullerene Derivative Composite
Authors: Li Jinyong , Hou Jie , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu
Published: December 2021

Low‐dimensional nanomaterials have attracted attention due to their excellent electrical and optical properties. The development of nonvolatile memory device based on low‐dimensional nanomaterials is important for establishing high‐performance computers. In this work, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are physically blended with the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and then polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is added to enhance the film‐forming properties of the material. The resulting composite thin film is sandwiched between aluminum and indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to form an Al/BPQDs/PCBM/PVP/ITO device. The device exhibits stable nonvolatile rewritable memory behavior, with on and off threshold voltages of −2.4 and +3.25 V, respectively, and an on/off ratio exceeding 103. In addition, the device exhibits a lower threshold voltage and higher conductivity upon increasing the light intensity under laser irradiation at 450 nm. Light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy show that the existence of electric field‐induced charge transfer and light‐induced charge transfer in the composite thin film are responsible for the device's photoelectric dual‐response resistive characteristics.
Blackened calcium‐based composite particles and their apparent kinetics features for solar thermochemical energy storage
Authors: Teng Liang , Xuan Yimin , Liu Xianglei , Ding Yulong
Published: December 2021

The calcium looping (CaL) thermochemical thermal energy storage is one of the best high‐temperature heat storage schemes for 3th concentrating solar power (CSP) photothermal power. However, the application of this technology is greatly hindered by the low solar absorption capability and the poor cyclic stability of CaCO3/CaO‐based material. In this article, the solar absorbing capability of CaCO3 particles is enhanced by doping Mn‐Fe oxides, meanwhile, awns of setaria faberis (ASF) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are used as bio‐templates to generate pores inside the particles. The pore‐making process promotes the cyclic stability and carbonation kinetic features of the composite particles simultaneously. The test results show that the proposed particles possess adequate anti‐crushing strength, high cyclic stability, high solar absorption, and high carbonation rate. In addition, the apparent carbonation kinetic features of the composite porous particles are studied with the influencing factors such as CO2 partial pressure, reaction temperature, and particle morphology taken into consideration. A kinetic equation involving these parameters is developed with the thermogravimetry data of the prepared samples. By employing this kinetic function, the carbonation reaction of the prepared particles inside the carbonator becomes predictable, which is of great significance for the design and regulation of the carbonator achieving highly stable thermal output from the CaL thermochemical heat storage system.
High‐level mosaic monosomy 21 in a 13‐year‐old girl: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Viana Melissa Machado , Vianna Gabrielle Sousa , Carvalho Elen Rose Fontoura , da Costa Helena Beatriz Belo Lisboa Martins , de Aguiar Marcos José Burle
Published: December 2021

Monosomy 21 is an exceedingly rare and fatal chromosomal anomaly. Mosaic monosomy 21, however, can be observed in living patients. There have been discussions on whether there are liveborn cases with true mosaic full monosomy 21. Here, we report the case of a 13‐year‐old patient with mosaic full monosomy 21 who presented with postnatal microcephaly, low weight, facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest patient with mosaic full monosomy 21 described so far and the first reported in Brazil.
Broadband Controllable Asymmetric Accelerating Beam via Bilayer Binary Acoustic Metasurfaces
Authors: Tang Shuai , Ren Bin , Feng Yuxin , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: December 2021

In this work, asymmetric accelerating beam is achieved numerically and experimentally by taking advantage of a bilayer binary acoustic metasurface (BAM) composed of the rectangular cavity (bit ‘0’) and the waveguide with seven Helmholtz resonators (bit ‘1’). The fundamental physical mechanism is based on the different phase modulations induced from both sides of the structure because the left and right layers can be regarded as an angle‐selective refractor and an accelerating beam generator, respectively. The presented structure can work in a wide range of 5000–6000 Hz and switch from unidirectional to bidirectional transmission conveniently by altering the air gap between the two composing layers. Furthermore, asymmetric self‐focusing in a broadband is able to be realized as well by utilizing two symmetrical bilayer BAMs, which enriches the functionality of the design. Compared with previous asymmetric transmission devices, the authors' approach has the advantages of simple design, broadband multifunctionality, and tunable property, which may have promising applications in numerous acoustic fields including biomedical engineering, nondestructive testing, and acoustic communication.
Mesoporous silica nanospheres supported atomically precise palladium nanocluster: Highly efficient and recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck reactions
Authors: Gao Taiping , Zhao Yining , Zhou Yilin , Kang Zhenlu
Published: December 2021

Atomically precise palladium nanoclusters show great potential applications in the field of catalysis owing to its ultrasmall size and precise structure. This work, we report the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) supported [Pd3Cl(PPh3)3(PPh2)2]Cl catalysts (denoted as Pd3Cl/MSNs) for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck coupling reactions of iodobenzene and styrenes. High uniform MSNs, with average diameter ≈110 nm, were prepared by sol–gel method, followed by Pd nanoclusters immobilization into the pore of MSNs. The MSNs supported Pd nanoclusters were well characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and diffuse reflectance optical spectrum. The results indicated that Pd3Cl nanoclusters after immobilized into the pores of MSNs are intact and possess good dispersibility. The catalytic performance of as‐prepared nanocomposites was evaluated by the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol and Heck reactions. The 4‐nitrophenol could be completely conversion to 4‐aminophenol within 6 min. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared Pd3Cl/MSNs exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the Heck reactions between iodobenzenes and styrenes. The high catalytic activity of Pd3Cl/MSNs could be attributed to the large surface area and unique geometric structure of as‐prepared Pd nanoclusters. More importantly, the catalysts could be easily recycled by centrifugation and shows excellent reusability.
Improvement in liquid absorption of open‐cell polymeric foam by plasma treatment for food packaging applications
Authors: Alaizoki Alaa , Phillips Christopher , Parker David , Hardwick Craig , McGettrick James , Deganello Davide
Published: December 2021

Free‐moving meat exudate in plastic packaging is perceived as unhygienic and unattractive by consumers. It facilitates the deterioration of meat quality and safety, increasing meat waste and loss. This work discusses an innovative approach in scavenging meat exudate within commercial plastic packaging. This involves improving the liquid absorption capabilities of open‐cell polystyrene (PS) foam through the application of oxygen plasma treatment rather than chemical wetting agents. The excited plasma species diffuse into the porous foam structure introducing polar oxygen groups onto the pore walls and improves their surface hydrophilicity. Hence, the foam pores, with enhanced wettability towards water‐based liquids, are proposed to have a larger sucking capillary pressure thus increasing the absorption capacity of the porous PS foam. The specific liquid absorption capacity of PS foam sheets (thickness: 5 mm) increased from 1.09 g g−1 (grams of exudate simulant liquid absorbed per gram of PS foam) to 8.78 g g−1 as a result of plasma treatment; an eightfold increase in liquid capacity (g g−1) that persisted even 60 days post treatment. This study demonstrates the practicality of using plasma treatment as a non‐chemical and efficient technology in scavenging meat and food exudates in plastic packaging.
Zustandsprognose von Ingenieurbauwerken auf Basis von digitalen Zwillingen und Bestandsdaten
Authors: Naraniecki Hubert , Hartung Robert , Marx Steffen , Klemt‐Albert Katharina
Published: December 2021

Der Zustand von Ingenieurbauwerken ist von besonderer Bedeutung für den Erhalt und sicheren Betrieb der Verkehrsinfrastruktur. Für ein wirtschaftliches Instandhaltungsmanagement ist die Kenntnis zum aktuellen Zustand eines Bauwerks daher zentral. Neben dem aktuellen Zustand ergeben sich wirtschaftliche Instandhaltungsstrategien aus der Kenntnis der zukünftigen Zustandsentwicklung eines Bauwerks. Durch eine intelligente Datenverknüpfung von Bestandsdaten kann die Entwicklung eines Bauwerks abgeschätzt und so vorausschauend Instandhaltungsmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden. Der Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, wie auf Basis der Methode Building Information Modeling (BIM) und digitaler Bauwerksmodelle über die Verknüpfung mit betreiberbezogenen Bestandsdaten und Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) datenbasiert Prognosen zum Bauwerkszustand von Eisenbahnbrücken abgeleitet werden können. Hierfür werden Verfahren des Machine Learnings (ML) auf die Bestandsdaten zu den Brückenbauwerken der DB Netz AG angewendet und systembezogen ausgewertet. Durch das objektive und datengetriebene Bewertungsverfahren wird eine weitere Grundlage für belastbare Entscheidungen im Instandhaltungsmanagement gelegt.
Rho GTPases: Non‐canonical regulation by cysteine oxidation
Authors: Hurst Mackenzie , McGarry David J. , Olson Michael F.
Published: December 2021

Rho GTPases are critically important and are centrally positioned regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By influencing the organization and architecture of the cytoskeleton, Rho proteins play prominent roles in many cellular processes including adhesion, migration, intra‐cellular transportation, and proliferation. The most important method of Rho GTPase regulation is via the GTPase cycle; however, post‐translational modifications (PTMs) also play critical roles in Rho protein regulation. Relative to other PTMs such as lipidation or phosphorylation that have been extensively characterized, protein oxidation is a regulatory PTM that has been poorly studied. Protein oxidation primarily occurs from the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with amino acid side chain thiols on cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues. The versatile redox modifications of cysteine residues exemplify their integral role in cell signalling processes. Here we review prominent members of the Rho GTPase family and discuss how lipidation, phosphorylation, and oxidation on conserved cysteine residues affects their regulation and function.
Modelling change in self‐narratives and embodied experience: A multicase study and autoethnography
Authors: Hills John
Published: December 2021

The article documents a multicase study of the researcher’s own clinical work with four clients who each presented with embodied expressions of distress. The researcher practised within a ‘narrative‐dialogical’ framework and set out to build theories of therapeutic change. However, a parallel thesis emerged during the project: an autoethnographic account in which the researcher’s uses of supervision, personal therapy, dreams and life events capture data on the ways in which the therapist’s theories of change are modelled in the therapeutic space—with varying degrees of confidence and success. Sessions were audio‐recorded and coded for qualitative markers indicating the emergence of novel self‐narratives. A reflexive narrative running throughout the work highlights the superordinate role of reflexivity in theory development. Therapeutic change was typified by an evolving internalised map of self and world, with corresponding change in embodied experience. The article highlights techniques deployed by the therapist in highlighting and building upon moments of innovation with the therapeutic process. As an analysis of one therapist’s practice and the experiences of their clients, the study generates theories for ongoing exploration and study. The continuous evolution of change concepts reflects the theory‐building work of clinicians in their everyday practice. The study highlights the use of self as research instrument and offers a candid and intimate example of how practitioner research might be structured and delivered.
Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Effects of Novel N‐Benzyl‐4‐Methoxyaniline Derivatives
Authors: Bayrak Cetin , Yildizhan Gulsah , Kilinc Namik , Durdagi Serdar , Menzek Abdullah
Published: December 2021

In the current study, starting from 4‐methoxyaniline, four Schiff bases were synthesized from benzaldehydes with Br and OMe. Corresponding N‐benzylanilines and their derivatives were obtained from reductions (by NaBH4) and substitutions (by acyl and tosyl chlorides) of these bases, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the sixteen compounds, twelve of which were novel compounds are examined. Then, we conducted molecular docking and binary QSAR studies to determine inhibitory‐enzyme interactions of compounds that show an inhibitory effect. Our results reveal that methoxyanilline‐derived compounds show good biological activities. The most active compound (22) has IC50 values of 2.83 μM. These novel AR enzyme inhibitors may open new avenues for better AR inhibitors in the future.
Origin of Morphology Change and Effect of Crystallization Time and Si/Al Ratio during Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM‐5
Authors: Jonscher Clemens , Seifert Markus , Kretzschmar Nils , Marschall Mathias S. , Le Anh Mai , Doert Thomas , Busse Oliver , Weigand Jan J.
Published: December 2021

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM‐5 is an often applied but incompletely understood procedure. In comparison to current research efforts that aim to produce complex micro‐mesoporous catalysts for the conversion of biogenic and bulky hydrocarbons, this work focuses on the dependency between Si/Al ratio and zeolite morphology of microporous ZSM‐5 to understand and to control the synthesis process. In two series of time dependent crystallization, kinetics were analyzed at Si/Al ratio 20 and 100 to optimize the crystallization time. Subsequently, zeolites with different Si/Al ratio were obtained and characterized. The results show a transition from a slow dissolution‐recrystallization process to a fast solid‐state‐transformation with increasing Si/Al ratio. This is followed by a switching morphology from clusters of small agglomerates to bigger spherical particles. Respective acid site density and zeolite morphology determine local residence time, hydride transfer behavior and finally selectivity towards aromatics and higher hydrocarbons during methanol conversion. This background should provide control of even more complex syntheses of porous catalysts.
Decision aids for localized prostate cancer in diverse minority men: Primary outcome results from a multicenter cancer care delivery trial (Alliance A191402CD)
Authors: Tilburt Jon C. , Zahrieh David , Pacyna Joel E. , Petereit Daniel G. , Kaur Judith S. , Rapkin Bruce D. , Grubb Robert L. , Chang George J. , Morris Michael J. , Kovac Evan Z. , Babaian Kara N. , Sloan Jeff A. , Basch Ethan M. , Peil Elizabeth S. , Dueck Amylou C. , Novotny Paul J. , Paskett Electra D. , Buckner Jan C. , Joyce Daniel D. , Montori Victor M. , Frosch Dominick L. , Volk Robert J. , Kim Simon P.
Published: December 2021

Background

Decision aids (DAs) can improve knowledge for prostate cancer treatment. However, the relative effects of DAs delivered within the clinical encounter and in more diverse patient populations are unknown. A multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with a 2×2 factorial design was performed to test the effectiveness of within‐visit and previsit DAs for localized prostate cancer, and minority men were oversampled.

Methods

The interventions were delivered in urology practices affiliated with the NCI Community Oncology Research Program Alliance Research Base. The primary outcome was prostate cancer knowledge (percent correct on a 12‐item measure) assessed immediately after a urology consultation.

Results

Four sites administered the previsit DA (39 patients), 4 sites administered the within‐visit DA (44 patients), 3 sites administered both previsit and within‐visit DAs (25 patients), and 4 sites provided usual care (50 patients). The median percent correct in prostate cancer knowledge, based on the postvisit knowledge assessment after the intervention delivery, was as follows: 75% for the pre+within‐visit DA study arm, 67% for the previsit DA only arm, 58% for the within‐visit DA only arm, and 58% for the usual‐care arm. Neither the previsit DA nor the within‐visit DA had a significant impact on patient knowledge of prostate cancer treatments at the prespecified 2.5% significance level (P = .132 and P = .977, respectively).

Conclusions

DAs for localized prostate cancer treatment provided at 2 different points in the care continuum in a trial that oversampled minority men did not confer measurable gains in prostate cancer knowledge.