bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute exacerbations of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Kolb Martin , Bondue Benjamin , Pesci Alberto , Miyazaki Yasunari , Song Jin Woo , Bhatt Nitin Y. , Huggins John T. , Oldham Justin M. , Padilla Maria L. , Roman Jesse , Shapera Shane
Published: December 2018

Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Numerous studies have documented acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but less is known about these events in other ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype. We propose defining acute exacerbation as an acute, clinically significant respiratory deterioration, typically less than 1 month in duration, together with computerised tomography imaging showing new bilateral glass opacity and/or consolidation superimposed on a background pattern consistent with fibrosing ILDs. Drawing on observations in IPF, it is suspected that epithelial injury or proliferation and autoimmunity are risk factors for acute exacerbation in ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype, but further studies are required. Current acute exacerbation management strategies are based on recommendations in IPF, but no randomised controlled trials of acute exacerbation management have been performed. Although there are no formal strategies to prevent the development of acute exacerbation, possible approaches include antifibrotic drugs (such as nintedanib and pirfenidone), and minimising exposure to infection, airborne irritants and pollutants. This review discusses the current knowledge of acute exacerbation of ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype and acknowledges limitations of the data available.
Patients' perceptions and patient-reported outcomes in progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Swigris Jeffrey J. , Brown Kevin K. , Abdulqawi Rayid , Buch Ketan , Dilling Daniel F. , Koschel Dirk , Thavarajah Krishna , Tomic Rade , Inoue Yoshikazu
Published: December 2018

The effects of interstitial lung disease (ILD) create a significant burden on patients, unsettling almost every domain of their lives, disrupting their physical and emotional well-being and impairing their quality of life (QoL). Because many ILDs are incurable, and there are limited reliably-effective, life-prolonging treatment options available, the focus of many therapeutic interventions has been on improving or maintaining how patients with ILD feel and function, and by extension, their QoL. Such patient-centred outcomes are best assessed by patients themselves through tools that capture their perceptions, which inherently incorporate their values and judgements. These patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) can be used to assess an array of constructs affected by a disease or the interventions implemented to treat it. Here, we review the impact of ILD that may present with a progressive-fibrosing phenotype on patients' lives and examine how PROs have been used to measure that impact and the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
Management of a Pregnant Patient With Central Poststroke Pain Syndrome Ultimately Having a Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report
Authors: Kalopita Konstantina , Skandalou Vasiliki , Valsamidis Dimitrios
Published: December 2018

Cerebrovascular events, along with the early presentation of central pain, during pregnancy, are uncommon. We report a case of a parturient with intense central poststroke pain after an ischemic cerebrovascular incident at 15 weeks of gestation, attributed to cerebral venous thrombosis. After a multidisciplinary team consultation, she was scheduled for cesarean delivery at 35 weeks of gestation, under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Due to severe left-sided neurological deficits and ipsilateral intense neuropathic pain, the neuraxial technique was successfully performed using the paramedian approach.
Sudden Airway Collapse After Pneumoperitoneum With Undiagnosed Tracheomalacia in a Morbidly Obese 12-Year-Old Boy Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Kojima Taiki , Kandil Ali I. , Previte Joseph P.
Published: December 2018

Tracheomalacia is characterized by the collapse of the tracheal wall due to the softening of the tracheal cartilage and myoelastic tissues. We describe the case of a 12-year-old morbidly obese boy, without previous medical issues, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Immediately after pneumoperitoneum was established, mechanical ventilation could not be performed. Intraoperative exploration with flexible bronchoscopy showed that the tip of the endotracheal tube was nearly occluded by the posterior tracheal wall bulging anteriorly. Anesthesiologists should be aware of undiagnosed tracheomalacia as a cause of sudden airway collapse, even after the airway is secured with an endotracheal tube.
Viscosity, Electrical Conductivity, Density and Surface Tension of Methyltriphenylphosphonium Carboxylate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Geng Tao , Duan Shengfu , Jiang Yajie , Ju Hongbin , Wang Yakui
Published: December 2018

In this paper, three new kinds of phosphonium-based room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) [Ph3PCH3][CH3(CH2)8COO] (MTPP-D), [Ph3PCH3][CH3(CH2)10COO] (MTPP-L), and [Ph3PCH3][CH3(CH2)12COO] (MTPP-M) were synthesized using triphenylphosphine, dimethyl carbonate and carboxylic acids as raw materials. The viscosity, electrical conductivity, density and surface tension of the synthesized ILs were measured in the temperature range from 298.15 K to 333.15 K under ambient pressure. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature and alkyl chain length on their viscosity, electrical conductivity, density and surface tension were also investigated. The molecular volume, standard entropy, lattice energy and isobaric expansivity of the three ILs were calculated at 298.15 K. Experimental results indicate that the viscosity, density and surface tension of the three ILs decrease significantly with the increase of temperature, while the electrical conductivity shows an opposite trend. The longer the alkyl chain, the higher the viscosity, the lower the electrical conductivity, density and surface tension of the ILs. The experimental dynamic viscosity can be well correlated by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation and simple linear equation. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity can be well fitted by Arrhenius equation and VFT equation. The molecular volume, standard entropy and isobaric expansivity increase with increasing alkyl chain length, while the lattice energy decreases.
The ΠΑΡΑΝΥΜΦΟΣ in Ancient Greece and Byzantium: A Study on the Role and Prosopography
Authors: SOLIMAN Sameh Farouk
Published: December 2018

no abstract available in English
Popular Political Agency in Byzantium's villages and towns
Authors: KRALLIS Dimitris
Published: December 2018

While cotemporary work on the Byzantine polity presents Constantinople as a hub of a vividly polyphonic politics, much less has been said about the social and political identity of the empire’s smaller settlements. Following our field’s renewed interest in urban sociability, popular political agency, and collective identity I turn here to this larger world of villages and towns in order to examine the relationship of such social units with the Roman world around them during the middle Byzantine period. In doing so I trace village and town attitudes towards authority and follow evidence of collective action, which by all accounts should qualify as politics.
Η συμμετοχή Τούρκων πολεμιστών στον αββασιδικό στρατό κατά τις αραβο-βυζαντινές συγκρούσεις: Οι επιχειρήσεις του στρατιωτικού αρχηγού Bughā al-Kabīr
Authors: ΤΑΚΙΡΤΑΚΟΓΛΟΥ Κωνσταντίνος
Published: December 2018

Αim of this study is to examine why the presence of select Turkic warriors in the Abbasid armies had little impact on the course of the Arab-Byzantine conflicts. The article focuses mainly on the campaigns conducted by the commander Bughā al-Kabīr against the Byzantine Empire and other Caliphate enemies. The small number of the Turkic warriors, as well as the difficulties encountered by the horse archers in mountainous terrains are the main reasons that there were no changes to the balance of power in the frontier conflicts.
Preliminary observations on the reception of Flavius Josephus in Byzantine historical writings: the accounts of John Zonaras, Niketas Choniates and Michael Kritovoulos
Authors: KAMPIANAKI Theofili
Published: December 2018

no abstract available in English
Book Review: M. HEBBLEWHITE, The Emperor and the Army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235-395, London- New York 2017
Authors: STEWART Michael Edward
Published: December 2018

Review: M. HEBBLEWHITE, The Emperor and the Army in the Later Roman Empire, AD 235-395, London- New York 2017
Βιβλιοκριοία: The Orthodox Church in the Arab World 700-1700. An Anthology of Sources. Edited by Samuel Noble and Alexander Treiger (Northern Illinois University Press, 2014), pp. 375
Authors: SAHAS Daniel
Published: December 2018

The Orthodox Church in the Arab World 700-1700. An Anthology of Sources. Edited by Samuel Noble and Alexander Treiger (Northern Illinois University Press, 2014), pp. 375 .
Ιωάννης Βαβούρας Πολιτική oικονομικής ανάπτυξης: Οικονομική και θεσμική προσέγγιση, Εκδόσεις Παπαζήση, Αθήνα 2016
Authors: Συρμαλή Μαρία-Ελένη
Published: December 2018

no abstract
The Problem of Nationalism, “Nigeria” As a Contested Category and the Quest for a Social Philosophy of National Integration
Authors: Ujomu Philip Ogochukwu
Published: December 2018

This paper examines the problem of nationalism in Nigeria construed as the search for a basis on which the members of the society can claim a sense of belonging, identity and common purpose. There is a problem of the national question here because ethnicity, corruption, disobedience to law and order, disdain for the rule of law and accountability and the disregard for the value of human life have undermined the social order and eventually created an army of the vulnerable and marginal peoples that can be manipulated for parochial ends. The apparent underperformance of the various instruments of the state such as the police, national assembly, appointed ministers, law courts, prisons, etc, due to inefficiency, injustice, under-funding, politicization and social dissatisfaction have threatened the unity of Nigeria and highlighted deficits in the social order that have made Nigeria to appear as a contested construct or category. Given the above we seek a philosophical approach to building a social system or social philosophy of national integration.
Corruption, Marginality and Social Disorder as Threats to National and Human Security in Nigeria
Authors: Ujomu Philip Ogochukwu
Published: December 2018

This essay focuses on the issue of corruption, marginality and the social disorder attending it, as threats to national and human security in Nigeria. It not only examines the problems of corruption in Nigeria and the implications of this for national security, but also, discusses the role of an ethical idea of citizenship in tackling corruption and reinventing the political community. In Nigeria, corruption has played a key role in aggravating the political and economic crisis besetting the country. Depreciation of human dignity and collapse of infrastructures have ensured the systematic elite misappropriation of state power, the primitive accumulation of capital, ethno-cultural intolerance and political manipulation in the society. This paper searches for a set of norms capable of mitigating needless dehumanization and inequalities, and improving welfare of the majority by evolving public citizens oriented to the common good.
Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) ocorrentes no Leste do Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Câmara Joseleide Teixeira , Rocha Juliana Raquel Bomfim da , Pereira Surama
Published: December 2018

Resumo. Os esfingídeos são considerados um grupo bioindicador, com espécies indicadoras de continuidade da vegetação original e outras indicadoras de perturbação. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar análise faunística das comunidades de Sphingidae em dois fragmentos de mata secundária na Região Leste maranhense. Foram realizadas coletas mensais em fragmentos de mata secundária, nos municípios de Caxias e Codó, entre fevereiro/2015 e outubro/2016. Os espécimes foram obtidos por meio de armadilha luminosa. Foram calculadas a frequência relativa, abundância, constância, dominância, diversidade, estimativas de riqueza e obteve-se a curva de acúmulo de espécies. Foram obtidos 254 espécimes de 33 espécies, distribuídas em 16 gêneros. No fragmento localizado em Caxias (Povoado Chapada-PC), três espécies são predominantes e sete espécies são raras; em Codó (Fazenda Santa Rita-FSR), duas espécies são predominantes e cinco são raras. O fragmento FSR expressa maior diversidade que o PC, no entanto, os estimadores de riqueza apontam para menor possibilidade de acréscimo no número de espécies da comunidade da FSR. As comunidades estudadas possuem maior similaridade com outras comunidades mais distantes que entre si. Os dados comprovam a heterogeneidade da composição faunística existente no Maranhão denota alta diversidade, mas também alta fragilidade.Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) Occurrents in The East of Maranhão, BrazilAbstract. The hawkmoths is considered a bioindicator group with indicator species of continuity of the original vegetation and other indicators of disturbance. The objective of this study is analysis of faunal Sphingidae communities in two secondary forest fragments in the Eastern Region Maranhão. Monthly collections were carried out in fragments of secondary forest, in the municipalities of Caxias and Codó, between February/2015 and October/2016. The specimens were obtained by light trap. Relative frequency, abundance, constancy, dominance, diversity, richness estimates were calculated and the species accumulation curve was obtained. 254 specimens were obtained from 33 species, distributed in 16 genera. In the fragment located in Caxias (Pavoado Chapada-PC), three species are predominant and seven species are rare; in Codó (Fazenda Santa Rita-FSR), two species are predominant and five are rare. The FSR fragment expressed greater diversity than the PC, however, the richness estimators indicate less likely to increase in the number of species of the FSR community. The communities studied have greater similarity with other communities more distant than each other. The data prove the heterogeneity of the existing fauna composition in Maranhão, denoting high diversity but high fragility.
Aspectos sobre a nidificação de Centris analis (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)
Authors: Nogueira David Silva , Cavalcante Arianne Moreira , Pontes Rita Kelly de Oliveira , Pick Raquel , Freitas Breno Magalhães
Published: December 2018

Resumo. A taxa de emergência de abelhas adultas, a de parasitismo e a razão sexual entre machos e fêmeas foram medidas a partir do monitoramento de abelhas Centris analis (Fabricius) em ninhos armadilha de cartolina preta por um período de 13 meses, entre outubro de 2010 a outubro de 2011, em ambiente urbano de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os ninhos foram vistoriados mensalmente e quando concluídos, foram transferidos para garrafas PET na mesma área experimental até a emergência dos adultos. Foram fundados 45 ninhos, onde emergiram 152 indivíduos. As fêmeas de C. analis (95,66%) preferiram o ninho de diâmetro 5 mm. A taxa de emergência foi de 3,3 abelhas por ninho onde até 10 indivíduos foram registrados por ninho. A razão sexual foi de 1 macho para 1,4 fêmeas. Em fevereiro e setembro houve picos de emergência de abelhas adultas e isso pode estar relacionado com a disponibilidade dos recursos florais. A taxa de parasitismo foi de 3,94%, onde 8 ninhos foram cleptoparasitados com emergência de 15 indivíduos, com representantes de Megachilidae, Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) e Bombyliidae (Diptera). A adição dos dados obtidos nesse estudo em comparação com dados já publicados para C. analis podem ajudar a elucidar aspectos biológicos dessa espécie. Nesting aspects of Centris analis (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)Abstract. The rate of emergence of adult bees, the parasitism and sex ratio between males and females were measured by monitoring specimens of Centris analis (Fabricius) in trap nests of black cardboard, for a period of 13 months, from October/2010 to October/2011 in Fortaleza, Ceará State. The nests were monitored monthly and when completed, it was removed to PET bottles in the same experimental area until adult emergence. Were founded 45 nests of which 152 adults emerged. The females of C. analis (95.66 %) preferred the nests with diameter of 5 mm diameter. The emergency rate was 3.3 bees per nest where up to 10 individuals were recorded sharing the same nest. The sex ratio was 1 male to 1.4 females. In February and September there were two peaks of adult bees’ emergence and this may be related with the availability of flowers. The parasitism rate was 3.94%, where 8 nests were parasitized with the emergence of 15 individuals, as Megachilidae, Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) and Bombyliidae (Diptera). The addition of the data obtained in this study along with the already published information on C. analis, may help elucidate biological aspects of this species.
Diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) e visitação floral em uma área de Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Somavilla Alexandre , Schoeninger Karine , Nogueira David Silva , Kohler Andreas
Published: December 2018

Resumo. A grande riqueza de abelhas está atrelada à grande diversidade de plantas com flores, que possuem certas atratividades para garantir a visita às flores, e consequente polinização. No Rio Grande do Sul, estudos sobre a fauna de abelhas e a flora apícola associada já foram realizados, porém ainda são escassos. Desta forma, correlacionamos os táxons de abelhas e espécies de plantas coletados em uma área florestal urbana e verificamos as relações ecológicas e tróficas entre elas, especialmente ao nicho da abelha exótica Apis mellifera Linnaeus, sobre as abelhas silvestres. Coletamos nas flores um total de 2.772 abelhas determinadas em cinco famílias, 54 gêneros e 88 táxons. Apidae foi a família melhor representada com 35 espécies e 2.047 indivíduos. As abelhas foram coletadas em 43 espécies de plantas classificadas em 19 famílias botânicas sendo Asteraceae a mais visitada. A planta com o maior número de abelhas coletadas foi Citrus sinensis (L.), 30% do total, tendo A. mellifera a mais representativa. 34% dos táxons de abelhas estão correlacionados às espécies de plantas visitadas, contudo, quando verificamos esta correlação excluindo a espécie A. mellifera,ocorre um aumento significativo, atingindo 93%. A manutenção deste fragmento vegetal a suas flores é importante para conservação da biodiversidade apifauna local.Diversity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and floral visitation in an Atlantic Forest area in southern BrazilAbstract. The high bees’ richness is associated to the great diversity of flowering plants, which have some attractiveness to ensure flowers visiting and the consequent pollination. In Rio Grande do Sul state, studies on the bee fauna associated with bee flora have already been made but are uncommon. In this way, the taxa of bees and plants species visited were correlated, and the ecological and trophic relations between them, particularly in relation to the niche of the exotic bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus on wild bees were analyzed, in an urban forest area. We collected 2,772 bees from the flowers, determined in five families, 54 genera and 88 taxa. Apidae was the best family represented with 35 species and 2,047 individuals. The bees were collected from 43 plants species, classified in 19 botanical families, Asteraceae are the most visited. The plant with the largest number of bees collected was Citrus sinensis (L.), 30% of the bees, and the A. mellifera the most representative. 34% of the taxa of bees are correlated to the species of plants visited, however, when we see this correlation excluding A. mellifera, there is a significant increase, reaching 93%. The maintenance of this plant fragment and the flowers is important for preserving the bees’ biodiversity in this site.
AT Annual Lecture
Authors: Wright N. T.
Published: December 2018

On November 19, 2017, the eighth annual Analytic Theology Lecture was delivered in Boston, Massachusetts by N.T. Wright before the American Academy of Religion. His lecture, titled “The Meanings of History: Event and Interpretation in the Bible and Theology,” is printed here for the first time.
Retrospective Data Analysis of the Influence of Age and Sex on TPMT Activity and Its Phenotype–Genotype Correlation
Authors: Wu Fang , Melis Roberta , McMillin Gwendolyn A , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L
Published: December 2018

Background

Therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of thiopurine drugs (used as anticancer and immunosuppressant agents) are affected by thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme activity. TPMT genotype and/or phenotype is used to predict the risk for adverse effects before drug administration. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) is another enzyme involved in thiopurine metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate (a) frequency of various TPMT phenotypes and genotypes, (b) correlations between them, (c) influence of age and sex on TPMT activity, and (d) distribution of ITPA variants among various TPMT subgroups.

Methods

TPMT enzyme activity was determined by LC-MS/MS. TPMT (*2,*3A–C) and ITPA (rs1127354, rs7270101) genotypes were determined using a customized TaqMan® OpenArray®.

Results

TPMT enzyme activity varied largely (6.3–90 U/mL). The frequency of low, intermediate, normal, and high activity was 0.5% (n = 230), 13.1% (n = 5998), 86.1% (n = 39448), and 0.28% (n = 126), respectively. No significant difference in TPMT activity in relation to age and sex was found. Genotype analysis revealed the frequency of variant TPMT alleles was 6.73% (*3A, n = 344), 0.05% (*3B, n = 2), 2.22% (*3C, n = 95), and 0.42% (*2, n = 19). Analysis of paired phenotype and genotype showed that TPMT activity in samples with variant allele(s) was significantly lower than those without variant alleles. Lastly, an equal distribution of ITPA variants was found among normal and abnormal TPMT activity.

Conclusions

This retrospective data analysis demonstrated a clustering of variant TPMT genotypes with phenotypes, no significant influence of age and sex on TPMT activity, and an equal distribution of ITPA variants among various TPMT subgroups.
Differential Expression of Apoptotic and Low-Grade Inflammatory Markers in Alzheimer Disease Compared to Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2
Authors: Alexandraki Krystallenia I , Apostolopoulos Nikolaos V , Adamopoulos Christos , Stamouli Evangelia , Dalagiorgou Georgia , Papaioannou Theodoros G , Analitis Antonios , Karamanou Marianna , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Politis Antonios , Piperi Christina
Published: December 2018

Background

Neuroinflammation, impaired brain insulin signaling, and neuronal apoptosis may be interrelated in the pathophysiology of people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and diabetes, either type 1 or 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D, respectively).

Methods

We studied 116 patients: 41 with AD, 20 with T1D, 21 with T2D, and 34 healthy controls. The number (n) of cytokine-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after mitogenic stimulation was determined for interleukin 1β (IL1β), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by the enzyme-linked-immuno-spot assay. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Fas ligand (FASLG) were determined by ELISA.

Results

The studied subgroups did not differ in sex but differed in age. Higher CRP concentrations were detected in the AD group than in the T1D group (P = 0.02) and lower in controls (P < 0.001). The nPBMCs was higher in AD patients after stimulation than in basal conditions: after stimulation in nTNF (P < 0.001 vs T2D; P < 0.001 vs T1D; P = 0.001 vs control), nIL6 (P = 0.039 vs T2D; P < 0.001 vs T1D; P = 0.007 vs control), and nIL1β (P = 0.03 vs control). The nPBMCs increased after stimulation with ΡΜA in all the subgroups (P < 0.001). FASLG in the AD group displayed statistically higher concentrations than in all other subgroups (P < 0.001 vs T2D; P < 0.001 vs T1D; P = 0.012 vs control). The nPBMCs was positively correlated with plasma concentrations of FASLG in the AD subgroup.

Conclusions

Patients with AD display a low-grade systemic inflammation compared to people with diabetes. The FAS–FASLG pathway has a potential role because FASLG concentrations are positively correlated with the inflammatory response in AD. However, this positive correlation cannot be seen in people with diabetes, at least not with the apoptotic markers used in the present study.
Rapid Diagnostics for Blood Cultures: Supporting Decisions for Antimicrobial Therapy and Value-Based Care
Authors: Wolk Donna M , Johnson J Kristie
Published: December 2018

Bacteremia and sepsis are critically important syndromes with high mortality, morbidity, and associated costs. Bloodstream infections and sepsis are among the top causes of mortality in the US, with >600 deaths each day. Most septic patients can be found in emergency medicine departments or critical care units, settings in which rapid administration of targeted antibiotic therapy can reduce mortality. Unfortunately, routine blood cultures are not rapid enough to aid in the decision of therapeutic intervention at the onset of bacteremia. As a result, empiric, broad-spectrum treatment is common—a costly approach that may fail to target the correct microbe effectively, may inadvertently harm patients via antimicrobial toxicity, and may contribute to the evolution of drug-resistant microbes. To overcome these challenges, laboratorians must understand the complexity of diagnosing and treating septic patients, focus on creating algorithms that rapidly support decisions for targeted antibiotic therapy, and synergize with existing emergency department and critical care clinical practices put forth in the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines.
Taking institutions seriously: Applying the new institutional economics to Iraq
Authors: El-Joumayle Omar A. M.
Published: December 2018

Why has a developing country like Iraq shown a fragile economic development, despite the rosy picture that had been drawn about the potential of the Iraqi economy? To answer this question, an attempt has been made to look at the Iraqi development from the new institutional economic (NIE) perspective. This article contains a brief summary of a Ph.D. dissertation on the economic development of contemporary Iraq. In essence it traces the role of institutions, institutional policies and how the rapid and frequent institutional changes have driven the Iraqi economy for decades. Although applying the NIE to Iraq expands the range of choices of institutions that could be examined, the choices have been narrowed down by focusing on three central issues: agriculture, oil and wars. The picture emerging from the dissertation is one of abrupt and instantaneous institutional changes, through which institutions were repeatedly subject to reshuffle and facing changing circumstances. Consequently these changes have markedly affected the path of economic development in Iraq.
3D technology as an effective tool for reflection simulation: The Beagle 2 lander on Mars
Authors: Kuzmanova Teodora , Higgett Nick , Sims Mark , Tatham Eric , Clemmet Jim
Published: December 2018

Beagle 2, developed for the European Space Agency’s Mars Express Mission by the Beagle 2 Consortium, was due to land on Mars on 25 December 2003. After being successfully ejected from the ESA’s orbiter Mars Express, followed by an attempted landing, the spacecraft failed to communicate with Earth, and the mission was presumed lost. However, in January 2015, it was announced that satellite images from NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) indicated the possibility of a successful landing by Beagle 2. In the light of these findings and the considerable uncertainty still surrounding the outcome of the mission, a team of researchers from De Montfort University and the University of Leicester have joined in a collaborative project aimed at identifying whether the object captured by NASA’s HiRISE camera is Beagle 2, and detecting its possible landing configuration. The practical scientific experiment employed the innovative concept of ‘reflection analysis’, propounded by Dr Mark Sims – former Beagle 2 Mission Manager and professor of astrobiology and Space Instrumentation at the Space Research Centre, University of Leicester. The technique stemmed from the idea of simulating possible configurations of the Beagle 2 lander, testing how they reflect light and comparing the 3D renders to unprocessed images, available from the MRO’s HiRISE camera at a number of different sun angles. De Montfort University’s team used commercial 3D modelling technology to create a 3D model of the spacecraft and replicate virtually the sun angles at the times the satellite images were taken. This allowed a comparison of the simulated 3D renders to the satellite images to estimate the configuration of Beagle 2 on Mars. The results revealed that Beagle 2 probably deployed at least three, and possibly all four of its solar panels after landing on the planet’s surface.
João Martins Pereira. Um intelectual público para além do «pequeno mundo estreito»
Authors: Moreira João
Published: December 2018

Este artigo pretende contrariar a escassez de estudos sobre a geração de intelectuais que a partir de meadosda década de 1960, de forma clandestina ou semilegal, acabaria por modernizar o discurso político em Portugal. Ao contrário do que sucede noutros países, existe em Portugal uma lacuna historiográfica no que concerne ao estudo do pensamento e da obra de intelectuais menos catalogáveis, de fundo simultaneamente não-dogmático e radical, e desvinculados das ortodoxias dominantes. Propõe-se, portanto, com este artigo situar historicamente o pensamento autónomo e heterodoxo de João Martins Pereira no quadro de uma geração de intelectuais marcada pela influência do marxismo ou próxima deste. Nesse sentido, o artigo tem como eixos principais: compreender a heterogeneidade de conceitos e premissas teóricas que suportavam a mundividência política do autor de Pensar Portugal Hoje e, consequentemente,entender este intelectual público como um autor comprometido com a esquerda, mas, em larga medida, afastado dos pequenos mundos estreitos dos intelectuais associados, quer aos partidos comunistas, quer aos partidos socialistas e sociais-democratas. Retirar o ensaísmo, a crítica teórica e as propostas políticas de Martins Pereira da sombra de alguns dos mais reconhecidos autores portugueses da segunda metade doséculo xx é o objetivo deste artigo.
RESENHA: O OLHO DA LEI
Authors: Machado Sulamita Crespo Carrilho
Published: December 2018

Publicada em 2004 sob o título original Das Auge des Gesetzes – Geschichte einer Metapher, a obra de História do Direito vem a ser publicada em Português no Brasil no ano de 2014 em edição ilustrada. Com prefácio de Ari Marcelo Solon, Professor da Faculdade de Direito da USP, o livro se compõe de sete partes, nas quais há uma análise crítico-histórica do Estado de Direito. Partindo do pressuposto da organização do Estado, sua Justiça e uma polícia civilizada, versa sobre a noção de vigilância, daí a expressão “olho da lei”, percorrendo as concepções jurídicas, políticas, religiosas e sociais no tempo e no espaço, inclusive artísticas, nos seus mais diversos significados, em várias fontes, como a tradição judaico-cristã e islâmica, assim como a tradição jurídica ocidental, em especial a européia, passando pela simbologia relativa ao tema e, ponderando sobre a transposição do poder divino e pessoal para a lei, conclui pelos malefícios e vantagens da lei enquanto meramente instrumental e como instrumento de controle social.
DA PUREZA METODOLÓGICA À DIFERENCIAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DOS SISTEMAS SOCIAIS. É POSSÍVEL UM FUNDAMENTO MORAL DA ORDEM JURÍDICA?
Authors: Alves Paulo Roberto Ramos , Zibetti Fabíola Wüst
Published: December 2018

Os sistemas sociais operam em condições de clausura operativa, negando a possibilidade de validade direta da moral no interior do sistema jurídico.  Da especificação do sistema como unidade, o Direito apenas é válido enquanto Direito, bem como a moral apenas é válida enquanto moral. Em outras palavras, o fechamento operativo do sistema jurídico não permite que a moral delimite diretamente o conteúdo do Direito, muito embora sejam possíveis formas específicas de interrelações entre esses dois âmbitos comunicativos, bem como a assimilação jurídica da comunicação moral. Nessa ótica, a importância da moral ou sua utilização pelo Direito não é relegada a um plano de menor importância, mas questiona simplesmente a busca de um fundamento moral para o sistema jurídico, salientando que a tese do fechamento operativo dos sistemas autopoiéticos assume justamente uma posição contrária à possibilidade de validade imediata da moral autônoma no campo do Direito.
Existence of Multiple Periodic Solutions for a Semilinear Wave Equation in an n-Dimensional Ball
Authors: Wei Hui , Ji Shuguan
Published: December 2018

This paper is devoted to the study of periodic solutions for a radially symmetric semilinear wave equation in an n-dimensional ball. By combining the variational methods and saddle point reduction technique, we obtain the existence of at least three periodic solutions for arbitrary space dimension n. The structure of the spectrum of the linearized problem plays an essential role in the proof, and the construction of a suitable working space is devised to overcome the restriction of space dimension.
Ausgleich oder Verschärfung von Einkommensrisiken? Lebensläufe und Alterseinkommen in Deutschland aus der Paarperspektive
Authors: Möhring Katja , Weiland Andreas
Published: December 2018

Wir analysieren Erwerbs- und Einkommensbiografien von Paaren mittels einerMultichannel-Sequenzmusteranalyse, um Rückschlüsse auf das Alterseinkommen von Frauen in Deutschland und Ausgleichsprozesse im Haushaltskontext abzuleiten. Datengrundlage ist eine Verknüpfung der administrativen Daten der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung mit dem „Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe“, die Biografieinformationen west- und ostdeutscher Personen der Geburtskohorten 1927 bis 1965 (N = 2.292) enthält. Wir identifizieren acht Paarverlaufsmuster, die sich in ihrer Nähe zu einem männlichen Alleinverdiener- oder einem Zweiverdienermodell unterscheiden. Während Frauen von kontinuierlicher Erwerbstätigkeit und kurzen Erziehungsunterbrechungen in Hinblick auf ihr Individual- und Haushaltseinkommen substanziell profitieren, stellen Biografien mit Erwerbsausstieg ein Armutsrisiko auf Haushaltsebene dar, das im Alter nur durch stark überdurchschnittliche Partnereinkommen ausgeglichen werden kann.
Chegada do Espiritismo a Pelotas-RS: problematização de duas hipóteses consagradas na historiografia
Authors: Rocha Eder De Lima
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar duas hipóteses sobre a chegada do Espiritismo em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e tentar entender por que não há um consenso, entre os historiadores, sobre o tema. A primeira suposição diz que o Espiritismo aportou em Pelotas por meio de dois espanhóis, em 1877; Alberto Coelho da Cunha escreveu sobre o assunto em 1927, descrevendo, em seus apontamentos, que o Espiritismo havia chegado em Pelotas 50 anos antes. A segunda suposição nos diz que o Espiritismo chegou a Pelotas por meio da Baronesa de Três Serros, hipótese sustentada pelo historiador João Artur Ott Cardoso, ao defender que a referida Baronesa levara o Livro dos Espíritos, e consequentemente o Espiritismo a Pelotas, após o seu casamento no Rio de Janeiro, em 1865.Palavras-chave: Espiritismo, Pelotas, Século XIX. AbstractThe present work aims to analyze two hypotheses about the arrival of Spiritism in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and try to understand why there is no consensus, among historians, on the subject. The first line of supposition says that Spiritism came to Pelotas through two Spanish, in 1877; Alberto Coelho da Cunha wrote about it in 1927, describing, in his notes, that Spiritism had arrived in Pelotas 50 years earlier. The second assumption tells us that Spiritism came to Pelotas through the Baroness of Três Serros, hypothesis supported by the historian João Artur Ott Cardoso, arguing that the Baroness brought the Livro dos Espíritos, and consequently the Spiritism to Pelotas, after his marriage in Rio de Janeiro, in 1865.Keywords: Spiritism, Pelotas, XIX Century.
As diferentes narrativas sobre a Escravidão em livros didáticos de História dos séculos XX e XXI
Authors: Pinto Patrícia Duarte , Carvalho Mozart Matheus de Andrade
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e comparar narrativas presentes em livros didáticos produzidos no início dos séculos XX e XXI com a finalidade de compreender como o negro, a escravidão e o movimento abolicionista no Brasil, foram abordados ao longo do tempo, nessas fontes. Nota-se que houve uma profunda alteração na abordagem dos conteúdos relacionados a essa temática, ocorridas, entre outros motivos, pela implantação de políticas públicas, como o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), e a lei nº 10.639/03, que tornou obrigatório o estudo da História e da Cultura Afro-Brasileira nas instituições de ensino fundamental e médio de todo o país, juntamente com as mudanças  da historiografia brasileira ocorrida a partir dos anos 1980, nomeadamente das pesquisas acadêmicas sobre a escravidão.Palavras-chave: Livros Didáticos, História, Escravidão. Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze and compare narratives present in textbooks written in the beginning of the XX and XXI centuries with the purpose of understanding the approach on Black people, slavery and the abolitionist movement in Brazil over time in these sources. It is noted that there was a profound change in the approach to the content related to these themes, which occurred, among other reasons, by the implementation of public policies, such as the Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (National Textbook Program - PNLD), and the Law No. 10.639/03, which has made mandatory the study of Afro-Brazilian History and Culture in primary and secondary schools throughout the country, together with the changes in Brazilian historiography from the 1980s on, namely, academic researches on slavery.Keywords: Textbooks, History, Slavery.
Expediente
Authors: Ofícios de Clio Equipe
Published: December 2018

Dados da Revista e Espediente
Comparison of uterine and ovarian stromal blood flow in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Younesi Ladan , Safarpour Lima Zeinab , Akbari Sene Azadeh , Hosseini Jebelli Zahra , Amjad Ghazaleh
Published: December 2018

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. The aim of this study was to find the correlation between color Doppler ultrasound and serum tests as auxiliary diagnostic criteria in areas where there is no possibility of some tests. A total of 108 patients were enrolled. They were divided into three groups including patients with PCOS, patients with PCOA ultrasound, patients with ovaries and normal hormone tests. Transvaginal sonography was performed from three groups and the results were evaluated in gray scale. The volume of the ovary, the number of follicles and the placement of follicles were recorded using using Doppler spectrum of uterine artery and ovarian stroma. Their arterial resistance index was also calculated. In the next step, serum samples were evaluated to determine the level of LH, FSH, free testosterone, DHEAS and 17-OHP hormones in the early follicular phase. Gray scale ultrasonographic findings (volume and number of ovarian follicles) as well as LH values were higher in patients with PCOS than those in the other two groups. These results proved the reliability of using these factors in the prediction of PCOS. In this study, Doppler indexes did not correlate with the size of the ovaries, the number of ovarian follicles and the measured hormone levels. The findings of transvaginal ultrasound and investigating the relationship with clinical and laboratory outcomes, a more suitable pattern could be chosen for more accurate patient selection and, leading to timely treatment and reducing the complications of the disease.
Profesionalización de la salud pública y la capacitación de sanitaristas en el Perú: 1935-1968
Authors: Bustíos Romaní Carlos , Arroyo Aguilar Ruth
Published: December 2018

Este artículo presenta información bibliográfica y testimonial sobre la historia de la profesionalización de la salud pública y la capacitación de sanitaristas en el Perú durante el período 1935-1968, con el fin de sustentar la validez de los comentarios que se hacen sobre las razones internas y externas de los logros y limitaciones de ambos procesos durante, y al final de este período. Con este fin, el artículo se organiza en seis ítems: Antecedentes en la región de las américas y en el Perú; profesionalización de la salud pública en el Perú (1935-1968); capacitación en salud pública y la cooperación externa en el Perú (1935-1968); programas de capacitación del personal sanitario en el Perú (1961-1963); la Escuela de Salud Pública del Perú (1964-1968); y, comentarios sobre la situación del sanitarista en la década del sesenta.
Los gobiernos progresistas de América Latina en el contexto internacional: una aproximación a sus límites
Authors: Ugarteche Oscar
Published: December 2018

En el periodo del 2003 al 2017 fueron electos gobiernos progresistas con una agenda posneoliberal. Fatiga de reformas, exceso de ideología de mercado, poco respeto por las instituciones democráticas de parte de los gobiernos neoliberales, baja de los salarios, precarización laboral, incremento del empleo informal, desmantelamiento de los sindicatos, y desenfado ideológico en los medios de comunicación oficiales saturaron a la ciudadanía. A mediados de la segunda década del siglo XXI, apenas una década después de haber llegado al Gobierno los partidos progresistas, estos comenzaron a perder la popularidad y las elecciones. Lo que se va a revisar en el presente texto es por qué ocurrió eso de manera casi simultánea, revisando variables económicas y políticas. En este texto haremos una revisión de algunas variables de los principales problemas económicos enfrentados, e igualmente se procederá a revisar los problemas políticos y sus variables para terminar con una conclusión sobre los problemas que plantean los gobiernos que intentaron aproximarse a políticas progresistas o al socialismo del siglo XXI.
Sistema de gestión basado en el cuadro de mando integral para la mejora de la competitividad de una empresa del sector industrial ubicado en el distrito de Chorrillos
Authors: Aguilar Cusihuamán Roberto
Published: December 2018

This investigation was based on an analysis of the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard for an industrial sector company. The theoretical foundations were supported by the work of Kaplan and Norton (2008), who indicated that the Balanced Scorecard is a basic management tool that makes it possible to integrate an organization with its vision through strategies that link objectives and indicators. The study population was comprised of all the existing processes within the company. It was found that the implementation of a Management System through the Balanced Scorecard improves the Competitiveness of an industrial sector company located in the district of Chorrillos. For this analysis, Chi-square statistical test was utilized, where p-value is less than 0.005, and for this case, the value was 0.002.
Contenido de aminas biógenas (histamina y tiramina) y su relación con características fisicoquímicas en muestras de chicha de jora elaboradas en la provincia de Abancay, Apurímac
Authors: Periche Pérez Julissa
Published: December 2018

Chicha de jora, being a spontaneous fermentation drink, does not offer information about the metabolites produced by the microorganisms responsible for fermentation, thus its innocuousness for consumers is unknown. Given this situation, the aim of this study was to determine the content of biogenic amines in samples from the province of Abancay (districts of Abancay and Tamburco) using HPLC, compare these values with the permissible limits and evaluate the biogenic amine content and physicochemical characteristics of “chicha de jora”. Of the 83 samples analyzed, concentrations of up to 37.53 mg/L of histamine and 77.95 mg/L of tyramine were reported. 7% and 12% of the samples from Abancay and Tamburco respectively reported concentrations above the permissible limit of histamine (8 mg/L); and 16% of the samples from both districts reported concentrations above the permissible limit of tyramine (25 mg/L). For the relationship with its physicochemical characteristics, only a significant relationship was found between acidity percentage and histamine content (r = 0.502).
Proyecto de comercialización de la gamitana en Lima, Perú
Authors: Curonisy Velarde Yanitza , Ignacio Pastén Juan , Chong Chong Mario
Published: December 2018

The gamitana is a fish native to the Amazon and Orinoco River basin, with a growing demand in Peru, especially in supermarkets and restaurants specializing in traditional Amazonian jungle cuisine, with an estimated demand of approximately 600 kilos per week, due to the product’s quality, homogeneous organoleptic properties, strict quality control, certifications and product auditing.The objectives of this study are to redefine the strategy and redesign the supply chain of Puñizas SAC, a familyrun company located in Junín dedicated to gamitana production and distribution to supermarkets and Amazonian restaurants in Lima, in order to add value to clients focused on product (gamitana) flow.
Alteraciones craneofaciales en niños y adolescentes obesos
Authors: Frascino Alexandre , Cominato Louise
Published: December 2018

El crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial implica la interacción de factores locales y sistémicos, tales como la genética, la disponibilidad de nutrientes, las fuerzas musculares y parafunciones 1. Aunque el papel de las alteraciones hormonales inherentes a la obesidad en la niñez y adolescencia sobre el crecimiento pondoestatural es bastante conocido, se ha estudiado poco los efectos de la obesidad sobre el crecimiento craneofacial.
Precisión dimensional de una silicona de condensación: comparación del tiempo de almacenamiento y el método de medición
Authors: Bandoli Monteiro Jaiane , Cláudio Contreras Lisseth Patrícia , Damasceno Cunha Thaiana , Vasconcelos de Castro Leite Luís Paulo , De Morais Vieira Jalon , De Oliveira Salgado Ivone
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el cambio dimensional de una silicona por condensación a través de diferentes instrumentos de medición (calibrador digital, estereomicroscopio y máquina de medición por coordenadas tridimensional) en cuatro diferentes tiempos. Métodos: En el estudio experimental in vitro se realizaron cuatro impresiones con silicona por condensación (Speedex) con un dispositivo específico con cuatro distancias, con un total de 16 mediciones llevadas a cabo con cada instrumento. Los tiempos predeterminados de medición fueron: inmediatamente después de la impresión (T0), después de 30 minutos (T1), 1 h (T2) y 7 días (T3) de la impresión. Las medias y desviaciones estándar de las mediciones se analizaron con prueba de varianza y la prueba de Tukey, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: La media (mm) para las muestras medidas con el calibrador digital (T0= 5,82; T1 y T2= 5,8; T3= 5,78) y la máquina de medición por coordenadas tridimensional (T0= 5,75; T1= 5,78; T2 y T3= 5,77), presentaron diferencia estadísticamente significativa de la dimensión de los valores iniciales para los valores después de 7 días (p = 0,037; p = 0,013, respectivamente), la misma no se dio para el uso del estereomicroscopio (T0, T1 y T3= 5,83; y T2 = 5,81), que presentó similitud estadística en todos los tiempos (p = 0,754). Conclusiones: El método de medición fue el factor relevante que influenció en los resultados de las dimensiones de las impresiones, los cuatro tiempos no fueron relevantes en los cambios dimensionales de la silicona de condensación analizada.