bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etiologies of Pediatric Cervical Lymphadenopathy: A Systematic Review of 2687 Subjects
Authors: Deosthali Ankita , Donches Katherine , DelVecchio Michael , Aronoff Stephen
Published: July 2019

Background. Cervical lymphadenopathy in children is common and its etiologies diverse. No systematic review of the differential diagnosis of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy has been conducted. Objective. To determine the prevalence rate of specific etiologies of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy. Data Sources. EMBASE, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched electronically. Bibliographies of select studies were reviewed as well. Study Selection. (1) Any clinical trial, observational study, or cross-sectional case series with 10 or more subjects that included delineation of etiologies and/or associated conditions with lymphadenopathy; (2) subjects aged 0 to 21 years with enlarged lymphoid tissue on body; (3) lymphadenopathy was confirmed by clinical evaluation; and (4) no specific diagnoses were excluded. Data Extraction. Year and location of publication, definition of lymphadenopathy, percentage of lymphadenopathy that was cervical, total number of subjects, gender distribution of subjects, age range of patients, and specific etiologies. Results. Of the 1790 studies, 7 studies that were combined resulted in 2687 subjects that were selected. Nonspecific benign etiology was the most common diagnosis occurring at a rate of 67.8%. Epstein-Barr virus was the next most prevalent (8.86%), followed by malignancy (4.69%) and granulomatous disease (4.06%). The most common malignancy etiology was non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (46.0%), and the most common granulomatous disease was tuberculosis (73.4%). Conclusions. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a rate-based differential diagnosis of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy. Although the most common causes of pediatric cervical lymphadenopathy are nonspecific, the etiologies are diverse. Rates and credible intervals are provided to enable a probability-based diagnostic approach to palpable cervical lymphadenopathy in this age group.
Territorialising control in urban West Bengal: Social clubs and everyday governance in the spaces between state and party
Authors: Cornea Natasha
Published: July 2019

Analysis of politics in urban West Bengal has focussed on the near hegemonic control of political parties and the state on daily life – overlooking or under-accounting for the complex institutional assemblages that shape spaces of the political in daily life. Addressing this empirical gap, this paper examines the role of social clubs, who discursively imagine themselves to be not political in governing the city. I demonstrate the ways that clubs, as a particular socio-cultural institution, territorialise power in order to produce governable space and in turn act as both alternative to the state and party and intermediaries with them. Mobilising evidence from extensive qualitative research on governance in two small cities I seek to complicate and nuance existing narratives on everyday politics, the party and the role of clubs in West Bengal. And in doing so offer theoretical contributions to the ways we understand political subjects and the social production of the heterogeneous overlapping territories of governance that characterise postcolonial cities.
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. XIII. Pansnerite, K3Na3Fe3+6(AsO4)8
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Koshlyakova Natalia N. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Vigasina Marina F. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Britvin Sergey N. , Turchkova Anna G. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Y.
Published: July 2019

The new mineral pansnerite, ideally K3Na3Fe3+6(AsO4)8, was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with aphthitalite, hematite, sanidine, badalovite, khrenovite, achyrophanite, arsenatrotitanite, ozerovaite, tilasite, calciojohillerite, johillerite, nickenichite, svabite, katiarsite, yurmarinite, anhydrite, rutile, cassiterite and pseudobrookite. Pansnerite forms tabular to lamellar (flattened on {010}), usually pseudo-hexagonal crystals up to 0.2 mm × 0.7 mm × 1 mm and crystal clusters up to 2 mm across. It is transparent to translucent, light green, pale greenish, yellowish–greenish or yellowish, with vitreous lustre. The mineral is brittle, with perfect {010} cleavage. The Mohs’ hardness is ca 3. Dcalc is 3.596 g cm–3. Pansnerite is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.702(4), β = 1.713(4), γ = 1.717(4), 2Vmeas = 45(10)° and 2Vcalc = 62°. Chemical composition (holotype, wt.%, electron microprobe data) is: Na2O 6.39, K2O 8.52, CaO 0.08, MgO 0.08, MnO 0.02, NiO 0.02, CuO 1.35, ZnO 0.34, Al2O3 7.35, Cr2O3 0.04, Fe2O3 16.72, SiO2 0.16, P2O5 0.22, V2O5 0.09, As2O5 57.76, SO3 0.04, total 99.20. The empirical formula based on 32 O apfu is K2.86Na3.26Ca0.02(Fe3+3.31Al2.28Cu0.27Zn0.07Mg0.03Cr0.01)Σ5.97(As7.95P0.05Si0.04V0.02S0.01)Σ8.06O32. Pansnerite is orthorhombic, Cmce, a = 10.7372(3), b = 20.8367(8), c = 6.47335(15) Å, V = 1448.27(7) Å3 and Z = 2. The strongest reflections of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 10.49(100)(020), 5.380(88)(111), 4.793(65)(220), 3.105(46)(311, 002), 3.079(32)(112, 061), 2.932(35)(260), 2.783(65)(202) and 2.694(52)(400, 222). The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, R1 = 2.82%. The structure is based on heteropolyhedral layers formed by MO6 octahedra (M = Fe3+ and Al) sharing common vertices and connected by AsO4 tetrahedra. Na+ and K+ cations are located in the interlayer space. The mineral is named in honour of the German–Russian mineralogist and geographer Lavrentiy Ivanovich Pansner (1777–1851). Pansnerite forms a solid-solution series with the isotypic mineral ozerovaite, ideally KNa2Al3(AsO4)4.
Update from the British Renal Society
Authors: Bottomley Matt J , Jenkins Karen
Published: July 2019

In this article, Matt Bottomley and Karen Jenkins outline the Kidney Patient Safety Committee recommendations for the removal of temporary femoral haemodialysis catheters
Rede de atenção à saúde bucal: a realidade no município de Caruaru
Authors: Sousa Adelaine Maria de , Lyra Arine , Freire Romero Correia
Published: July 2019

Todo cidadão tem direito ao acesso com qualidade aos serviços de saúde bucal.  Apesar  de  ser  garantido  legalmente,  existem  dificuldades.  Há  um  conjunto  de   atores e  fatores que deverão estar  relacionados e harmonizados para que haja  eficiência nos serviços oferecidos à população. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer  uma  análise  crítica  sobre  a  realidade  da  rede  de  atenção  à  saúde  bucal  no   município  de  Caruaru.  Os  resultados  foram  obtidos  através  de  pesquisas  publicadas  e  foi  constatado  que,  apesar  de  ser  o  mais  importante  pólo  econômico,  médico-hospitalar,  acadêmico,  cultural  e  turístico  do  Agreste,  não  possui uma rede de assistência em saúde bucal  ideal para garantir a saúde que  a legislação vigente normatiza.
Nozzle Wear and Pressure Rise in Heating Volume of Self-blast Type Ultra-high Pressure Nitrogen Arc
Authors: Abid F. , Niayesh K. , Støa-Aanensen N. S.
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on experiments with ultra-high pressure nitrogen arcs in a self-blast type switch design. The effect of filling pressure on nozzle mass loss and pressure-rise in the heating volume were investigated. An arc current peak of 130 A at 190 Hz and a fixed inter-electrode gap of 50 mm were used throughout the experiment. The arc burns inside a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle with a gas outflow vent in the middle. Nitrogen filling pressure of 1 bar, 20 bar, and 40 bar was tested, which also covers the supercritical region. Moreover, to study the effect of vent size on blow pressure near current zero, three different vent dimensions were investigated. By increasing the filling pressure, the energy deposited in the arc increases as a result of increased arcing voltage. It was observed that the pressure-rise in the heating volume is linked to the filling pressure, while the vent size plays a crucial role in the blow pressure near current zero. The nozzle mass loss per unit energy deposited in the arc is found to be independent of the filling pressure.
Thermal Plasma of Electric Arc Discharge Between Cu-Cr Composite Electrodes
Authors: Veklich A. , Boretskij V. , Kleshych M. , Fesenko S. , Murmantsev A. , Ivanisik A. , Khomenko O. , Tolochyn A. , Bartlova M.
Published: July 2019

This work deals with investigations of model plasma source realised as electric arc discharge in gas atmosphere between Cu-Cr composite electrodes. Radial distributions of temperature and electron density in arc plasma column were studied by optical emission spectroscopy. The content of electrode metals' vapours in discharge was calculated on the base of experimentally obtained plasma parameters as initial data. So, in this way the erosion properties of such composition can be determined.
Output Current Control System of a High Voltage Electric Pulse Generator for Plasma Excitation
Authors: Godun D. V. , Bordusau S. V. , Budzko G. P.
Published: July 2019

A control and pulse discharge current limiting system integrated into an AC/DC converter and pulse modulator of a high voltage pulse generator have been developed. The peculiarity of such system\textquotesingle s operation is the stabilization of the power supplied to the discharge and the correction of the width of output electric pulses towards decrease upon reaching the specified pulsed current amplitude value. The system enables the pulse generator to work in the modes close to the ``short circuited load'' mode. In this case the driving module of a composite IGBT key performs the correction of the working pulse width and blocks the pulse generator operation if needed. The suggested circuit design solutions allow using the generator in a wide range of electric plasma-forming parameters' modes and working with various types of vacuum gas discharge systems.
Pyrotechnic Switch with Fuse Function
Authors: Ehrhardt A. , Wolfram S.
Published: July 2019

The article will present the combination of a low-voltage fuse with a pyrotechnic switch in compact design. The limited switching capacity of the very simple pyrotechnic switch is increased considerably when combined with a fuse which has classical passive time/current characteristic and high switching capacity. FEM calculations will demonstrate the functional principle and the passive and active characteristics of functional models will be examined. Switching behaviour with different overcurrents in case of passive or active triggering will be discussed on the basis of measuring results. The behaviour of such a fuse with high impulse currents will also be presented.
Retraction
Authors: International ASTM
Published: July 2019

Original Article Title: Effect of Particle Size of Silica Nanoparticles on Hydration Reactivity and Microstructure of C-S-H Gel

Original Authors: U. Sharma,1 L. P. Singh,2 D. Ali,1 and C. S. Poon3

This article has been retracted due to duplicate publication.

ASTM International

August 2021
Un-Modernist Cuisine
Authors: Veit Helen
Published: July 2019

Two activists in the efforts to preserve and revive Native American foodways, Sean Sherman and Elizabeth Woody, talk to Helen Veit about what “saving food” means to them. Sherman and Woody shared thoughts and stories at the 2018 Smithsonian Food History weekend, and we continue the discussion here. These conversations are about preserving foodways, but they are also about losing food, resources, and knowledge in ways that feel, and perhaps are, irrevocable.
Savoring Decay: Cheese, Heritage, and the Allure of Imminent Dissolution
Authors: West Harry G.
Published: July 2019

This article approaches the theme of “saving food” by taking a fresh look at the renaissance of artisan cheesemaking in recent years. Based upon fieldwork conducted over a decade in thirteen countries, the author suggests that the “death” of cheesemaking traditions and their “rebirth” are simultaneous processes that depend upon one another in complex ways. Invoking the idea that “managed decay” of milk imparts flavor to cheese itself, the author argues that, on a larger scale, the preservation of cheesemaking heritage involves the savoring of dying traditions.
Happy Treat: Food and Drink as Important Parts of Daily Life and Happiness
Authors: Sučić Ines , Brkljačić Tihana , Lipovčan Ljiljana Kaliterna , Glavak-Tkalić Renata , Lučić Lana
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to explore the content of lay definitions of happiness containing food/drink and food-related terms. This research is part of CRO-WELL—the Croatian Longitudinal Study of Well-Being project—which was conducted via an online application consisting of a comprehensive battery of questionnaires related to well-being and life events. The current study uses only an open-ended question in which the respondents provide their own definition of happiness by answering the question “What is happiness for you?” Definitions containing food-related terms (N = 207) were selected for the purpose of this study. The central purpose of this research is to explore which meals/food/drink people include in these definitions, and under what circumstances. Some respondents mentioned specific types of food/drink, while others (33.3%) used generic terms such as “food,” “lunch,” or “meal.” The most frequently mentioned specific food or drink items were coffee (28%) and sweets (22.1%). Two main dimensions of values attributed to food emerged: hedonic (76.8%) -existential (18.3%) and individual (52.2%) -social (44%). The study offers an explanatory model suitable for classifying the main values of food expressed within people's subjective constructs of happiness.
Food Savers or Food Saviors?
Authors: Cooks Leda
Published: July 2019

Food recovery groups and networks are springing up all over the world, building on increased concerns over the impact of waste on people and the environment. Food rescue efforts offer prosocial visibility, and thus are increasingly key to the public relations efforts of corporations and nonprofits. Although sometimes seen as the best solution to the food waste problem (Gregson and Alexander 2016), food rescue and donation maintain inequities in the food system and need more critical attention, particularly with regard to food and environmental justice issues. What are the broader forces, social and economic, that make food rescue such a popular option for those concerned about food waste, and how are those forces maintained or perpetuated in our everyday discourse and actions regarding food recovery and donation? This article looks at the discursive and performative forces that link food justice and food rescue inter/nationally, paying particular attention to the value given to saving food from waste. Specifically, after discussing the representation of food waste as a problem in large-scale governmental efforts, I then turn to analysis of ethnographic data and interviews with food recovery networks in rural and urban areas of the midwestern and northeastern United States. I look at who is saving food and their motivations for doing so. Last, I address these acts of rescuing food in light of larger questions about hunger, sustainability, and social justice: the issues linked to food waste and to efforts to reduce it.
Correlating Genotype and Phenotype in the Asexual Yeast Candida orthopsilosis Implicates ZCF29 in Sensitivity to Caffeine
Authors: de San Vicente Kontxi Martinez , Schröder Markus S , Lombardi Lisa , Iracane Elise , Butler Geraldine
Published: July 2019

Candida orthopsilosis is diploid asexual yeast that causes human disease. Most C. orthopsilosis isolates arose from at least four separate hybridizations between related, but not identical, parents. Here, we used population genomics data to correlate genotypic and phenotypic variation in 28 C. orthopsilosis isolates. We used cosine similarity scores to identify 65 variants with potential high-impact (deleterious effects) that correlated with specific phenotypes. Of these, 19 were Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that changed stop or start codons, or splice sites. One variant resulted in a premature stop codon in both alleles of the gene ZCF29 in C. orthopsilosis isolate 185, which correlated with sensitivity to nystatin and caffeine. We used CRISPR-Cas9 editing to introduce this polymorphism into two resistant C. orthopsilosis isolates. Introducing the stop codon resulted in sensitivity to caffeine and to ketoconazole, but not to nystatin. Our analysis shows that it is possible to associate genomic variants with phenotype in asexual Candida species, but that only a small amount of genomic variation can be easily explored.
Genetic Screening for Mutants with Altered Seminal Root Numbers in Hexaploid Wheat Using a High-Throughput Root Phenotyping Platform
Authors: Shorinola Oluwaseyi , Kaye Ryan , Golan Guy , Peleg Zvi , Kepinski Stefan , Uauy Cristobal
Published: July 2019

Roots are the main channel for water and nutrient uptake in plants. Optimization of root architecture provides a viable strategy to improve nutrient and water uptake efficiency and maintain crop productivity under water-limiting and nutrient-poor conditions. We know little, however, about the genetic control of root development in wheat, a crop supplying 20% of global calorie and protein intake. To improve our understanding of the genetic control of seminal root development in wheat, we conducted a high-throughput screen for variation in seminal root number using an exome-sequenced mutant population derived from the hexaploid wheat cultivar Cadenza. The screen identified seven independent mutants with homozygous and stably altered seminal root number phenotypes. One mutant, Cadenza0900, displays a recessive extra seminal root number phenotype, while six mutants (Cadenza0062, Cadenza0369, Cadenza0393, Cadenza0465, Cadenza0818 and Cadenza1273) show lower seminal root number phenotypes most likely originating from defects in the formation and activation of seminal root primordia. Segregation analysis in F2 populations suggest that the phenotype of Cadenza0900 is controlled by multiple loci whereas the Cadenza0062 phenotype fits a 3:1 mutant:wild-type segregation ratio characteristic of dominant single gene action. This work highlights the potential to use the sequenced wheat mutant population as a forward genetic resource to uncover novel variation in agronomic traits, such as seminal root architecture.
Greenspeak
Authors: Li Lan , Ye Meng
Published: July 2019

The word green is a high-frequency colour word in language. In the last few decades, its meaning has been metaphorically extended to environmental studies and further stepped into politics, economics, and other areas. Th e new meanings of green are used in diff erent languages, but there is limited research to show if the concept of ENVIRONMALISM IS GREEN is applied the same in every culture. Th is study aims to compare ecological green used in English and Chinese by investigating the word in two mega-corpora: the 450-million-word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the 477-million-word Chinese Corpus compiled at Peking University (CCL). Sinclair’s (1991) five categories of co-selection in corpus study are used to identify green metaphors and their functions in the language pair, following Goatly’s (1997) classification. Th e findings reveal that green metaphors are common in the two languages; they are used to enlarge the impact of eco-friendliness and promote environmental protection to the public. However, there are also diff erences in use. English green can bear both positive and negative attributes in diff erent contexts while Chinese green is generally positive. Also, the English green is used metaphorically in diff erent genres such as politics and finance, while the Chinese green focuses on environmentalism. Th is study contributes to the understanding of colour metaphors in diff erent languages and its pedagogical value lies in the comparison between languages.
The Resultative constructions in English and Chinese
Authors: Fong Ronald
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the interaction between verbal and constructional properties of the resultative constructions in English and Chinese. The choice of this structure brings out the important interface between syntax and semantics. The resultative in both English and Chinese is argued to be a construction larger than a single compound, and this is more controversial in Chinese because almost all linguists will treat the resultative such as da si ‘hit die’ as a compound. In particular, the construction is treated as subordination implied by the Deranking Hierarchy (Cristofaro, 2003) and a mini-construction in the sense of Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 1995; Boas, 2004). Simultaneously, the resultative is taken to be a highly transitive structure (Hopper and Thompson, 1980; Cheng and Huang, 1994). Finally, we will argue along Fauconnier’s (1997: 173) observation that ‘grammatical constructions are blends, which are entrenched but evolve diachronically’, which seems to be the case of the resultative construction in Chinese.
Complexity of English textbook language
Authors: To Vinh , Mahboob Ahmar
Published: July 2019

This article examines how the language of science and non-science texts differred across levels in a book series which is used in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL). Employing Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the principal theoretical and analytical framework, this research examines linguistic features characterizing complexity, namely lexical density and nominalization of 24 reading texts in both science and non-science fields. The result shows that while the language grew more complex as the book levels advanced, the linguistic features of the scienceoriented and non-science oriented texts were not significantly different in the same book level. Based on a discussion of the findings, this article suggests that English textbooks should include texts that use genre and field-appropriate language in order to help students acquire technical and specialised language to prepare them for success in higher education and the workplace.
Studying language and linguistics through a plurilingual lens
Authors: Barratt Leslie
Published: July 2019

While scholarship about language has had a monolingual bias for much of its recent history, this paper represents an initial attempt to shift the study of language and linguistics to a plurilingual lens. That is, past and current scholars assume that the global default is monolingualism and frame their hypotheses and theories from that monolingual worldview, yet bilingualism and plurilingualism are widespread and becoming more common with the global movement in acquiring English. This article attempts to take the first steps in addressing the gap of a plurilinguistic perspective in research and other scholarship by reframing linguistic questions as viewed though a plurilingual lens regardless of the theoretical framework. What can we learn from research both within our field and from other disciplines on bilinguals and plurilinguals regarding what human language is? For example, taking plurilingual as the norm necessitates treating translanguaging, code switching, and code stumbling as basic language use. How does a plurilingual lens affect our representation of grammar(s)? How does it affect our notions of language? Finally, how does it affect our understanding of the human capacity for acquiring languages?
Interview with Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen
Authors: Wang Bo , Matthiessen Christian , Ma Yuanyi
Published: July 2019

As a sequel to the first part of the interview on translation, this transcript further explores issues related to Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and translation studies. Christian Matthiessen and Bo Wang first discuss the acceptance of the term ‘systemic functional translation studies’ in academia. Then, Christian Matthiessen comments on the contributions made by various scholars, including J. R. Firth, Erich Steiner and his group, Mona Baker, Juliane House, and J. R. Martin. Finally, Christian Matthiessen explains the relationships between SFL and some translation theories, i.e. skopos theory, polysystem theory and descriptive translation studies. Our discussions are expected to contribute to the debates on translation studies and SFL as well as the applications of SFL to translation.
Luciana C. de Oliveira and Mary J. Schleppegrell (2015), ‘Focus on grammar and meaning’
Authors: French Ruth
Published: July 2019

Luciana C. de Oliveira and Mary J. Schleppegrell (2015), Focus on grammar and meaning
From Charcot’s descriptions to the current understanding of neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis
Authors: TAUIL Carlos B. , VON GLEHN Felipe , NONATO-RODRIGUES Raimundo , GOMES Jaqueline R.A.A. , BRANDÃO Carlos O. , SANTOS Leonilda M.B. dos , SANTOS-NETO Leopoldo L. dos
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis have been known since the original clinicopathological description by Charcot in the late nineteenth century. Charcot, in the last decades of his life, became involved in the field of neuropsychiatry. This produced a battle between rival schools in the era that still echoes to this day. Charcot’s intuition, including the line of thought of Babinski, one of his most famous disciples, was that there was a connection between mood disorders and many of the diseases of the nervous system. Medicine’s concern with establishing a relationship between mood disorders and disease stems from the ancient and middle ages with references found in the Hippocratic doctrine. However, it was only in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, with Charcot’s discoveries, that this discussion was established in a structured way, laying the foundations of neuropsychiatry.
Misdiagnosis and diagnostic delay in non-paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathies
Authors: MARTINEZ Alberto Rolim Muro , RIBEIRO Mayani Costa , LIMA Fabricio Diniz de , MARTINS JR Carlos Roberto , MARTINS Melina Pazian , NUCCI Anamarli , FRANÇA JR Marcondes Cavalcante
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Sensory neuronopathies (SN) are a group of peripheral nerve disorders characterized by multifocal non-length-dependent sensory deficits and sensory ataxia. Its recognition is essential not only for proper management but also to guide the etiological investigation. The uncommon SN clinical picture and its rarity set the conditions for the misdiagnosis and the diagnostic delay, especially in non-paraneoplastic SN. Therefore, our objectives were to characterize the diagnostic odyssey for non-paraneoplastic SN patients, as well as to identify possible associated factors. Methods We consecutively enrolled 48 non-paraneoplastic SN patients followed in a tertiary neuromuscular clinic at the University of Campinas (Brazil). All patients were instructed to retrieve their previous medical records, and we collected the data regarding demographics, disease onset, previous incorrect diagnoses made and the recommended treatments. Results There were 34 women, with a mean age at the diagnosis of 45.9 ± 12.2 years, and 28/48 (58%) of the patients were idiopathic. Negative sensory symptoms were the heralding symptoms in 25/48 (52%); these were asymmetric in 36/48 (75%) and followed a chronic course in 35/48 (73%). On average, it took 5.4 ± 5.3 years for SN to be diagnosed; patients had an average of 3.4 ± 1.5 incorrect diagnoses. A disease onset before the age of 40 was associated to shorter diagnosis delay (3.7 ± 3.4 vs. 7.8 ± 6.7 years, p = 0.01). Conclusions These results suggest that diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis are frequent in non-paraneoplastic SN patients. As in other rare conditions, increased awareness in all the healthcare system levels is paramount to ensure accurate diagnosis and to improve care of these patients.
Effects of carvacrol and physical exercise on motor and memory impairments associated with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: HAMZEHLOEI Leila , REZVANI Mohammad Ebrahim , RAJAEI Ziba
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of carvacrol and treadmill exercise on memory deficit, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers in a 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Wistar rats were treated with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg and/or ran on a treadmill for a week. Then, 6-OHDA was microinjected into the medial forebrain bundle and treatments continued for six more weeks. Aversive memory, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed at the end of week six. The 6-OHDA-lesioned group showed a significant increase in rotational behavior and a decrease in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test compared with the sham group. These behaviors were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation levels and decreased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus of the hemiparkinsonian rats. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol and exercise reduced rotational behavior and improved aversive memory deficit, which was accompanied by decreased lipid peroxidation levels and increased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus. In conclusion, treatment with carvacrol and treadmill exercise ameliorated motor and memory deficits by modulating oxidative stress in the striatum and hippocampus of hemiparkinsonian rats. Therefore, the combination of carvacrol and treadmill exercise could be an effective therapeutic tool for treatment of neurobehavioral deficits in Parkinson’s disease patients.
Morphological identification of Ilyonectria liriodendri and its interaction with plant growth-promoting bacteria in grapevine rootstocks
Authors: Brito Liliane Martins de , Zanette Flávio , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Costa Murilo Dalla , Passos João Frederico Mangrich dos
Published: July 2019

Abstract In order to analyze the pathogenicity and antagonism between grapevine rootstocks and soil microorganisms, plant growth-promoting bacteria with antibiotic effect were selected from the phytopathogen Ilyonectria liriodendri, 2T-VSC-101 isolated monosporic, in in vitro antibiosis tests. The bacterial access that produced the largest zone of inhibition was used in the seedling biotization of the grapevine rootstocks P1103, IBBT481 and VR039-16. From the interaction between isolates of plant growth-promoting bacteria and Ilyonectria liriodendri isolate resulted in three bacterial isolates with control of the mycelial growth of the phytopathogen, all of the Burkholderia gender.However, the highest control bacterium, Burkholderia catarinensis sp.nov. isolated POA 89, was found to be detrimental to the in vitro development of rootstocks, causing them to die. The cultivation through culture medium modified with sand was adequate for the in vitro growth of the rootstocks and appropriate for the observation of the black foot disease’s characteristic symptoms. From the ex vitro cultures with the IBBT481 rootstock and the microorganisms, there were results in favorable effects to the plants inoculated with the bacterium in combination with the phytopathogen. It also demonstrated the difficulty of acclimatization and growth of this access in a greenhouse.
Machine learning para análises preditivas em saúde: exemplo de aplicação para predizer óbito em idosos de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Santos Hellen Geremias dos , Nascimento Carla Ferreira do , Izbicki Rafael , Duarte Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira , Porto Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre Dias
Published: July 2019

Este estudo objetiva apresentar as etapas relacionadas à utilização de algoritmos de machine learning para análises preditivas em saúde. Para isso, foi realizada uma aplicação com base em dados de idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, participantes do estudo Saúde Bem-estar e Envelhecimento (SABE) (n = 2.808). A variável resposta foi representada pela ocorrência de óbito em até cinco anos após o ingresso do idoso no estudo (n = 423), e os preditores, por 37 variáveis relacionadas ao perfil demográfico, socioeconômico e de saúde do idoso. A aplicação foi organizada de acordo com as seguintes etapas: divisão dos dados em treinamento (70%) e teste (30%), pré-processamento dos preditores, aprendizado e avaliação de modelos. Na etapa de aprendizado, foram utilizados cinco algoritmos para o ajuste de modelos: regressão logística com e sem penalização, redes neurais, gradient boosted trees e random forest. Os hiperparâmetros dos algoritmos foram otimizados por validação cruzada 10-fold, para selecionar aqueles correspondentes aos melhores modelos. Para cada algoritmo, o melhor modelo foi avaliado em dados de teste por meio da área abaixo da curva (AUC) ROC e medidas relacionadas. Todos os modelos apresentaram AUC ROC superior a 0,70. Para os três modelos com maior AUC ROC (redes neurais e regressão logística com penalização de lasso e sem penalização, respectivamente), foram também avaliadas medidas de qualidade da probabilidade predita. Espera-se que, com o aumento da disponibilidade de dados e de capital humano capacitado, seja possível desenvolver modelos preditivos de machine learning com potencial para auxiliar profissionais de saúde na tomada de melhores decisões.
Food security status in times of financial and political crisis in Brazil
Authors: Sousa Luna Rezende Machado de , Segall-Corrêa Ana Maria , Ville Arlette Saint , Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo
Published: July 2019

This study sought to describe the changes in the food security status in Brazil before and during its most recent financial and political crisis, as well as to explore associations between food security and socioeconomic factors during the crisis. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from two different sources: the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey for 2004 (n = 112,479), 2009 (n = 120,910), and 2013 (n = 116,192); and the Gallup World Poll for 2015 (n = 1,004), 2016 (n = 1,002), and 2017 (n = 1,001). Household food security status was measured by a shorter version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, consisting of the first 8 questions of the original 14-item scale. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the changes in food security and their association with socioeconomic factors. Results suggest that during the crisis the percentage of households classified as food secure declined by one third (76% in 2013 to 49% in 2017) while severe food insecurity tripled (4% in 2013 to 12% in 2017). Whereas before the crisis (2013) 44% of the poorest households were food secure, by 2017 this decreased to 26%. Household income per capita was strongly associated with food security, increasing by six times the chances of being food insecure among the poorest strata. Those who reported a low job climate, social support or level of education were twice as likely to be food insecure. Despite significant improvements between 2004 and 2013, findings indicate that during the crisis Brazil suffered from a great deterioration of food security, highlighting the need for emergency policies to protect and guarantee access to food for the most vulnerable.
Variáveis meteorológicas e poluição do ar e sua associação com internações respiratórias em crianças: estudo de caso em São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Moraes Sara Lopes de , Almendra Ricardo , Santana Paula , Galvani Emerson
Published: July 2019

As transformações no clima urbano das cidades, a excessiva poluição atmosférica e o aumento das desigualdades sociais tornaram-se fatores determinantes do alto risco de internações por doenças respiratórias. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender como os atributos meteorológicos (temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação) e a poluição do ar (material particulado com diâmetro aerodinâmico menor de 10μm - MP10) estão relacionados com as internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças, em 14 distritos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. A combinação dos modelos lineares generalizados com uma distribuição binomial negativa e o modelo não linear distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) foram utilizados como método estatístico para analisar a relação entre as internações, os atributos climáticos e a poluição no período de 2003 a 2013. Os resultados mostraram relações estatísticas significativas de alto risco relativo entre a temperatura média do ar (17,5ºC a 21ºC, para o total analisado), umidade relativa do ar (84% a 98% para o sexo feminino), precipitação (0mm a 2,3mm para o total e ambos os sexos e > 120mm para o sexo feminino) e MP10 (> 35µg/m³ para o total e para o sexo feminino). Com base nesses resultados, foi possível identificar que os atributos ambientais contribuem para o elevado risco de internações.
Política de drogas e Saúde Coletiva: diálogos necessários
Authors: Gomes-Medeiros Débora , Faria Pedro Henrique de , Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa , Tófoli Luís Fernando
Published: July 2019

A hegemonia atual das políticas de drogas ilícitas tem implicações à Saúde Coletiva que necessitam ser discutidas de forma aprofundada. Este ensaio procura explorar, à luz das melhores evidências, o impacto das políticas sobre drogas focadas na criminalização do plantio, comércio e consumo de substâncias psicoativas sobre a saúde das populações. O contexto de análise principal será o brasileiro. Os pontos principais abordados por este trabalho incluem a questão social das drogas e a definição do paradigma proibicionista, as evidências da relação insalubre entre tal paradigma e a saúde das populações, a problemática de um modelo de assistência aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas focado nas comunidades terapêuticas, e futuros caminhos a serem explorados na superação da proibição de drogas ilícitas como a principal forma de abordar a questão. Entre os principais elementos problemáticos da abordagem repressiva no contexto brasileiro podem ser destacados a violência e a mortalidade por homicídios, os impactos sanitários do encarceramento e o bloqueio de acesso ao sistema de saúde e a novas terapias derivadas de substâncias psicoativas atualmente proscritas. Como propostas de mudanças políticas futuras, ressalta-se a descriminalização do uso, posse e pequenas vendas de drogas; a redução da violência e da discriminação associadas ao policiamento; o foco em políticas de redução de danos; a abordagem das especificidades relacionadas ao gênero; incluir variáveis sociais como métrica do sucesso no tratamento do uso problemático de drogas. Concluindo, é relevante que a questão social e política das drogas se torne objeto de mais estudos no campo da Saúde Coletiva.
Carbonyl compounds in wine: factors related to presence and toxic effects
Authors: Lago Laura Oliveira , Welke Juliane Elisa
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to review technological and toxicological factors related to presence of carbonyl compounds found in wines, including acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate (EC) and furfural. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde may be formed through the ethanol and methanol oxidation, respectively. Acrolein may arise as a thermal degradation product of glycerol, amino acids, carbohydrates and triglycerides or by metabolic activity of microorganisms. In addition, acrolein and furfural are formed during wood combustion; therefore, these aldehydes may be present in raw materials due to the environmental contamination. Furfural is also a product of the Maillard reaction formed from sugars and amino acids, while ethyl carbamate occurs through the reaction between urea and ethanol. These compounds may react with SO2 and phenolic compounds to form non-volatile adducts, which positively modulates color stability, astringency and aroma in wine. However, when ingested through wine, electrophilic carbonyl compounds may form adducts with nucleophilic targets, such as DNA, resulting in genotoxicity along the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, carbonyl compounds induce the increase of reactive oxygen species and can trigger apoptosis, in addition to hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma as a consequence of chronic hepatotoxicity. Neurodegenerative diseases may be related to the exposure to carbonyl compounds. Therefore, strategies to reduce the levels of these compounds should be studied in order to get the most out of the beneficial functional properties of wine consumption.
Sense of belonging and social identity on the settlement intentions of rural-urban migrants: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Yujie , Zheng Yuan , Lan Jing , Zhang Gengrui
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT: Drawing upon data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) of 2012 and 2014, this paper uses the panel binary choice model to examine the determinants of the settlement intentions of rural-urban migrants. Results showed that both a sense of belonging and social identity play important roles in determining rural-urban migrants’ settlement decisions. Besides these, wage, education, and health also affect the willingness of migrant workers to settle in a given area. Therefore, to promote urbanization, policy-makers should pay attention to the subjective demands of rural-urban migrants. We suggested that decision- and policy-makers help such migrants improve their social networks and eliminate identity discrimination, so as to encourage their willingness to settle in cities.
Escola, trabalho e gênero: uma experiência da Educação de Jovens e Adultos na rede pública de ensino de Porto Alegre
Authors: Godinho Ana Cláudia Ferreira , Fischer Maria Clara Bueno
Published: July 2019

RESUMO O direito à educação é uma pauta antiga para as mulheres, em especial as trabalhadoras. Resgatar esse direito nos bancos escolares da EJA é um desafio para as estudantes que precisam conciliar o estudo com o trabalho remunerado, o trabalho doméstico, os compromissos familiares e outros. A escola também é desafiada a dialogar com saberes produzidos por essas mulheres fora da escola, em suas experiências de vida nas quais o trabalho se faz presente de diferentes formas. Nessa direção, o presente artigo analisa experiências de trabalho artesanal vivenciadas por estudantes mulheres em situação de rua em uma escola pública de EJA em Porto Alegre/RS. Com esse enfoque, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo com observação participante. O referencial teórico articula estudos sobre trabalho e gênero e sobre a educação popular. Conclui-se que compreender os processos educativos que acontecem na experiência de trabalho é uma possibilidade de aprimoramento da aprendizagem escolar, bem como de garantia do direito à educação.
Teaching to the ‘other’: Comparative perspectives of Netherlander and Turkish teachers’ attitudes on gender identity
Authors: Erturk Nesrin Oruc
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the findings of a mixed method comparative study investigating teachers’ perceptions of gender identity in Netherlands and Turkey. Data was collected via an online survey from 506 teachers followed by a focus group interview with a small subgroup. An analysis of the results of qualitative data focus on teacher experiences with and attitudes to gender identity, particularly in relation to practices. Findings indicate that despite the culturally diverse background, the participant teachers from both countries seemed to agree on some of the items; however, Turkish teachers were generally more conservative and less tolerant to ‘the other’. The presentation will at the end discuss the urgent need, especially in Turkey, for more research that explores how teachers can learn to become a guide to ‘the other’, and the extent to which this increases the student motivation and success. Teachers in Turkey are not deliberately obstructive, but they lack the knowledge to perform this role of guiding students with a different sexual preference. The first step is providing training for school staff to improve rates of intervention and increasing the number of supportive teachers, as well as other staff available can be the first resulting in a healthier and happier community. It is important to find ways to train teachers with the skills and attitudes that will create more vibrant and diverse schools.
“No próximo recreio a gente briga”: interação social e disputa de meninas
Authors: Marques Rafaela Nunes , Müller Fernanda
Published: July 2019

RESUMO O artigo explora interações de crianças no decorrer de uma partida de jogo de damas no recreio escolar. Por meio de observação regular prolongada e de gravações de áudio e vídeo, foi possível descrever práticas e regras do jogo e interpretar o seu significado cultural para as crianças. Também, analisamos aspectos da socialização da linguagem com base na análise da conversa etnometodológica e interpretamos as interações de crianças de acordo com a teoria de Erving Goffman. Os resultados demonstram que questões de gênero emergiram na disputa e contrariaram argumentos do campo da Psicologia vinculados à falta de complexidade existente nos jogos de meninas (PIAGET, 1994). O foco das interações não se voltou para as regras do jogo em si, mas para como estas eram mantidas, burladas e/ou reinterpretadas pelas jogadoras e jogador durante a partida.
Perspectiva histórica das práticas escolares de leitura no Brasil: entre rupturas e continuidades
Authors: Bortolanza Ana Maria Esteves
Published: July 2019

RESUMO Este artigo, parte de uma pesquisa qualitativa (2017), tem como finalidade analisar a formação das práticas escolares de leitura no Brasil partindo de dois eixos: as políticas públicas de produção e o acesso ao livro e às leituras, as teorias e os métodos que influenciaram suas práticas. Os resultados apontam que as práticas escolares de leitura movem-se da decifração do código alfabético para os processos de interação do leitor com o texto, em diferentes maneiras de ler que circulam na sociedade, e penetram no espaço escolar pelos seus principais mediadores, os professores. Uma questão a ser aprofundada em outras pesquisas emerge nesse processo: as rupturas e as continuidades nas relações entre as leituras escolares e as leituras fora da escola.
Quando as crianças nos ensinam sobre a cidade
Authors: Araújo Vania Carvalho de
Published: July 2019

RESUMO Este artigo, sob formato de ensaio, tem por objetivo problematizar a escola como locus privilegiado de educação e referência de uma adequada presença das crianças na cidade. Toma como fonte de inspiração reflexões decorrentes de um estudo etnográfico em andamento, realizado com crianças da educação infantil em um bairro de classe popular na cidade de Vitória (ES). Identifica em contextos diferenciados ao campo de pesquisa e em um tempo concomitante ao processo de investigação formas peculiares de crianças mobilizarem encontros e solidariedades, deixando entrever gestos, atitudes e sentidos outros que superam a proeminência do individualismo e da indiferença ainda presentes na cidade. As experiências das crianças são aqui compreendidas como uma chave de leitura importante e necessária para interpelar a escola a escapar das totalizações de seus conhecimentos e do lugar que ocupa na hierarquia social.
Ensino superior na ótica dos organismos internacionais
Authors: Maués Olgaíses Cabral
Published: July 2019

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo a análise das posições de organismos internacionais relativas à reconfiguração do papel da educação superior na contemporaneidade em função das exigências feitas pela sociedade do conhecimento, o que é imperioso para a formação do cidadão global para enfrentar os grandes desafios do mundo e as demandas da humanidade.