bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRPML1 gating modulation by allosteric mutations and lipids (Design of allosteric mutations that recapitulate the gating of TRPML1)
Authors: Gan Ninghai , Han Yan , Zeng Weizhong , Jiang Youxing
Published: August 2024

Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) is a lysosomal cation channel whose loss-of-function mutations directly cause the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). TRPML1 can be allosterically regulated by various ligands including natural lipids and small synthetic molecules and the channel undergoes a global movement propagated from ligand-induced local conformational changes upon activation. In this study, we identified a functionally critical residue, Tyr404, at the C-terminus of the S4 helix, whose mutations to tryptophan and alanine yield gain- and loss-of-function channels, respectively. These allosteric mutations mimic the ligand activation or inhibition of the TRPML1 channel without interfering with ligand binding and both mutant channels are susceptible to agonist or antagonist modulation, making them better targets for screening potent TRPML1 activators and inhibitors. We also determined the high-resolution structure of TRPML1 in complex with the PI(4,5)P
2
inhibitor, revealing the structural basis underlying this lipid inhibition. In addition, an endogenous phospholipid likely from sphingomyelin is identified in the PI(4,5)P
2
-bound TRPML1 structure at the same hotspot for agonists and antagonists, providing a plausible structural explanation for the inhibitory effect of sphingomyelin on agonist activation.
Effect of tourist safari in activity and behaviour of Chital (Axis axis) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Jim Corbett National Park, Ramnagar, Uttarakhand.
Authors: Shalini Km , Pant Bhawna
Published: August 2024

Tourism in a National Park is a best giftfor nature lovers as they see the great and diverse vegetation, dense forest, river side area, seasonal rivers, natural sot, small hills areas, large chour (grassland) and most adventurous is to see the wild animals in their natural habitat, their different activities and behaviour. This motivates tourist for wild animal’s conservation. Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest National Park famous for its diverse flora and presence of wild mammals, big carnivores, and herbivores like spotted deer (Axis axis) and Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor).Tourismgives a big revenue every year to the Government of Uttrakhand unlike gypsy safari that affects the Park animals for eight hours by 480 people every day by vehicle sound, tourist noises, camera and mobiles sound in capturing photos and making videos. It affects the alertness of deer’s, sometimes they want food items from tourists or show fear from tourists. So it may cause many changes in their behaviour and it becomes a serious problem for their population.
Metabolic disorders confronted in high-altitude regions.
Authors: Suthar Tejas R. , Xaviours Jennifer Raj , Dubey Akshat , Dongare Tejas S.
Published: August 2024

There are various metabolic disorders that occur in non-acclimatized person after rapid ascent to high altitude. People permanently residing at elevations are adapted to this habitat by birth but many issues are faced by lowlanders who ascend to higher terrains for orology, sports, photography, tourism or other recreational activities, reason being differences in the environmental conditions like the air density, oxygen level, UV exposure, hardness of water etc. It usually begins within a few hours of ascent and takes few days to weeks (subjective from person to person) to get acclimatized to such conditions. The major as well common disorders include acute mountain sickness (AMS), gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia), tachycardia, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) presenting with dyspnea cyanosis, blood pressure fluctuation, high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) skin irritation, epiphora (eye watering) etc.Ascending steadily is the safest way to avoid altitude sickness. Pre-travel assessment and other components of high-altitude patient management should be taken care of. In addition to this dietary intake such as antioxidants, carbohydrates and iron-rich foods often play a significant role in prevention of such diseases at high-altitudes.
Effects of planting dates on the crude protein and nutrient uptake of two varieties of millet(Pennisetum typhoides(Burm. f.))Stapf &Hubbard in a forest-savanna transition zone of Edo state.
Authors: Nwajei S.E.
Published: August 2024

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effectof planting dates on the nutrient uptake of two varieties of millet in a forest-savanna transition zone of Edo State. The experiment was a 2 x 5 factorial scheme fitted into a randomized complete block design. The two varieties of pearl millet (GeroBida and GeroBadeggi) and five sowing dates (April, May, June, July and August) constituted the treatments. The treatment combinations were replicated three times. Data were obtained on forage and dry matter yields. The mineral composition and nutrient uptake were determined. Data obtained were analyzedby the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple RangeTest was employed in the separation of means. The results obtained showed that the forage and dry matter yields, crude protein and nutrient uptake of pearl millet were significantly affected by sowing dates. Varieties significantly affected the forage and dry matter yields, crude protein and nutrient uptake. The highest and least forage and dry matter yields were obtained from GeroBadeggi sown in April/May. Millet sown in April to August had sufficient crude protein content when compared with the established critical levels. GeroBadeggi sown in April had the highest CP content (26.63%) while GeroBida sown inJuly had the least (21.31%). Early sown crops (April/May) had the higher uptake of both the macro-and micro-nutrients than other dates. GeroBadeggi had higher crude protein and uptake of the macro-and micro-nutrients than GeroBida. GeroBadeggi sown in April/May is recommended for feeding ruminants in the forest-savanna transition zone of Edo State
Implications of Covid –19 Pandemic on Agriculture in Imo State, Nigeria-A Review.
Authors: Ahaotu Emmanuel , Oko C.E. , Ikpe J.N , Abdullahi J
Published: August 2024

The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the world has negatively affected agriculture and stray animals. The crisis includes revenue losses, poor harvest, mortality, morbidity, famine, travel restrictions and lack of interest agricultural activities. The spread of COVID-19 globally, has paralysed every facet of the economy. It has proved beyond doubt that COVID-19 affected the whole world. The aim of this paper is to understand the implications of COVID-19 through the detailed assessment of the pandemic from the Nigerian perspective. The paper adopted an extensive literature review in order to address the academic gap. This paper further established that COVID-19 will have short to long term negative impacts on Nigerian and African economies respective.
Perceived potential of web2.0 technologies in agriculture among agricultural students in tertiary institutions of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Toyin Femi , Opayinka Aanuoluwapo Oladipupo , Durojaiye Olufemi Damilola , Farinde Akinloye Jimoh
Published: August 2024

Web2.0 has put together viable ICT tools via internet operation for the development of Agriculture with little or no documentation of its potential uses. This study assessed the perceived potential of Web2.0 technologies in agriculture among agricultural students in tertiary institutions of Osun State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 360 agricultural students for the study. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using appropriate descriptive statistics. The results revealedthat over 50 percent of the respondents used Facebook, Whatsapp, YouTube, BBM, Google plus, Instagram, Twitter and Blogs. In addition, (many 67.5%) had high knowledge level of Web2.0 technologies. Furthermore, over 50 percent of the respondents perceived at least three of Facebook, Whatsapp, YouTube, BBM, Google plus, Instagram, Twitter, Blogs and skype as having potentials for dissemination of agricultural innovations to farmers; connect farmers with market for their produce; advertise agricultural produce; receive feedbacks from farmers; boost social interactions among stakeholders; teach agriculture to the children; and organize online meetings among agricultural stakeholders. It was concluded that the agricultural students, being future experts in agriculture, were conversant with the use of Web2.0 technologies as potential tools to further develop agriculture in Nigeria.
Remote sensing and GIS based approach in morphometric analysis of Birma river basin (Central India).
Authors: Sharma P. , Singh M. M. , Chaurasia R. S. , Sabir Mohd.
Published: August 2024

Birma river basin lies between two states of India (Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh). The parameters of Morphometric analysis were measured as Stream Order, Drainage Density, Stream Frequency, Bifurcation Ratio, Elongation Ratio, etc. Digital Elevation Model is downloaded from the USGS website. The results show that the Basin ranges from dendritic to sub-dendritic and is heterogeneous in texture and structurally controlled. The stream order ranges from first order to sixth order and the drainage density and elongation ratio is 1.23 and 0.59 respectively which specified that the basin is elongated in shape. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2.67 to 9.0 indicating that the basin has undulating topography. The analysis is contributed to understand watershed management sites for the conservation of soil and water. Assessment of these parameters ultimately gives information for the arrangement of sustainable water resource development and its management for the local people residing nearby the river.
Role of microbes in bioremediation of hydrocarbon associated pollution
Authors: Rakesh NG , Saini Devki , Gupta Varsha , Neelam Deepesh Kumar , Rahi Ravi Kant
Published: August 2024

Almost two-thirds of the energy source of the world depends on petroleum and hydrocarbon production and there is an increase in demand. There are various reports about the spillage of crude oil around the world and is of major concern for our environment. The traditional methods of remediation of crude oil spilled areas are unconventional, expensive, and leave toxic intermediates that are harmful to the environment and other living creatures including human beings. Such problems can be overcome by the use of microbes for remediation of spilled petroleum hydrocarbons and drawing the attention of researchers to improve the current conditions. Biodegradation by microbes is significantly less expensive and posed little to no harmful effects on the environment. In this review paper, a clear insight of microbial bioremediation is expressed and the advantages of implementing the role of microbes in the bioremediation of crude oil and hydrocarbon related pollution. In addition, the interaction between the microbe and the environment are discussed and the necessary research and development regarding this field. The advancements in the genetic engineering field of bioremediation and introduction of GMOs in the controlled environments and the processes that hinder field trials.
GISand management planning for sustainable ecotourism development: a case study of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Authors: Singh Chandel Rajeev , Kanga Shruti
Published: August 2024

Background:Ecotourism is a very fast-growing sector worldwide, connecting rural and urban people to more sustainable and alternative means of livelihood. When it comes to India, Rajasthan is well known for its tourist places worldwide because of its forts, palaces, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, etc. Many tourist places in Rajasthan display the diversity of the entire country. Among them, Jodhpur is the most favored tourist destination. Due to cultural variability and traditional values, Jodhpur has been taken as a study area. Purpose:This study aims to understand the geospatial technology and management planning for sustainable ecotourism development in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan, India.Objective: (a) Identify the role of GIS and management in ecotourism's growth and planning. (b) Identifying and mapping some of the significant ecotourism hotspots using Arc GIS software and plotting the current flow of tourism in the study area. Methodology: The methodology section has consists of three crucial parts in which; the first section deals with GIS planning tells us how the location-based information helps in the proper collection of GIS based data and channelization of work. The second section shows the management planning which shows how the proper management activity may lead us to an effective and efficient flow of visitors has been maintained and, lastly, sustainability details about how the GIS planning and management planning may lead us to a sustainable future of tourism called ecotourism.Result: The use of GIS and management planning in tourism-related activities can significantly contribute to employment generation, revenue generation, enhancement of local market and people may understand the local tradition and culture. Effective and efficient use of allresources may lead us towards sustainable future.Conclusion: GIS and management planning can do much better than we think. With the utilization of geospatial technology, the visitors flow can be managed in eco-fragile areas in more effective manner. Tourists mostly recorded in unique places, which is commendable work for the tourism sector's growth. However, the central and state governments' combined efforts have provided a massive boost to the tourism sector by allocating proper fund. To maximize revenue generation, the Ministry of Tourism is now emphasizing GIS and Management-based plan, which helps to attain sustainable growth.
Effect of Extraction Methods onthe Characteristics of Agarfrom Gelidiella acerosa(Forssk.) Feldm harvested from Gulf of Mannar in India.
Authors: Pragatheeswari R. , Paramasivam Raajeswari
Published: August 2024

Agar is asulfated polysaccharideextracted from red macroalgae of the species Rhodophyta. These polysaccharides are extensively used in food and pharmaceutical industrial applications. Further application potentials of thishydrocolloidal polymer in packaging industry due to itsnontoxic and ecofriendly characteristics open up new opportunities to explore the benefits of these versatile products in uprising arenas. Comparison and systematic impact analysis of different extraction methods and their effects on basic properties of the extracted polysaccharides needs to be studied.Gelidiella acerosa(Forssk.) Feldmsamples were collected from Mandapam and Pamban regions in the Gulf of Mannar on the southwestern coast of India. Cleaned, dried and powdered samples were used for polysaccharide extraction. Extraction yield, moisture, optical characteristics, solubility and structural characterization by FTIR-ATR were carried out foragar obtained by different extraction methods AE1, AE2and AE3 respectively. The variation in the characteristics and properties of polysaccharides obtained by standard methods of extraction identifies AE2 as the best method based on extraction yield and spectral properties. This study paves the way for quality polysaccharides to be extracted for bulk processing considering the final application properties in existing and uprising sectors.
Sodium azide and hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride show affinity for different Oryza sativavarieties in mutation studies.
Authors: Omoregie Ujomonigho Edomo , Mensah Joseph Kwesi , Ikhajiagbe Beckley
Published: August 2024

The comparative effects of sodium azide (NaN3) and hydroxyl ammoniumhydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl) on the growth and yield parameters of therice varieties; FARO 44, FARO 52 and FARO 57 were investigated. The planting materials obtained from the National Cereal Research Institute, Badeggi, Bida, Niger State were treated with 0.004 % sodium azide and 0.25 % hydroxyl ammoniumhydrochloride at pH 3. Control seeds were treated with distilled water at neutral pH. Growth parameters recorded include percentage germination and length of plumule and radicle. Yield parameters include number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, onehundred grain weight. Results obtained includepercentage germination with sodium azide havingthe highest percentage germination in FARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammoniumhydrochloride had the highest percentage germination in FARO 57. For number of panicles per plant at harvest, sodium azide treated grains had the highest number of panicles harvested in FARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammoniumhydrochloride had the highest number of panicles harvested per plant at harvest in FARO 57.The observations from this research showed that sodium azide had more affinity forFARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloridehad anaffinityFARO 57.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) studies on Radula of the Spider Conch Lambis lambis and Lambis adamii.(Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Strombidae)from Thondi Coast, Palk Bay-Tamil Nadu -South East Coast of India.
Authors: Priyanka K. , Priya A. , Biruntha M. , Stella C.
Published: August 2024

The present study describes the morphology of two species of radula using SEM technique. In both Lambis speciesthe radulaLambislambisandLambis adamiiis taenioglossate type consist of one median tooth flanked by one pair of lateral teeth with two pairs of marginals on each side (7 teeth per row). In taenioglossan the radular formula is 2+1+1+1+2.In most details theradula of Lambis adamiiresembles that of Lambis lambisbut few apparent differencesoccur. The base of the central teeth is broad inLambis adamiiwhereas in Lambis lambisit was concave. Lambisadamiiand Lambis lambisthe subquadrate central tooth withmiddle sixcusps and inLambisadamii the base of the central teeth is concave while in the Lambislambisit was straight. In Lambis adamiitwo to three cuspspresent in the lateral teeth and it was inclined radular central where as in Lambis lambisthe innercusp is longer and slim
Integrated solid waste management plan for Khau Galli(food lane in Kohapur)-a case study.
Authors: Powar Rahul Vijay , Sushindran Tanuja , Prabhu Shivani , Potdar Akshay
Published: August 2024

Solid waste management is an essentiality in this contemporary society, involving countless treatment facilities and many outputs that are circulated back into society. This case study precisely focuses on segregation, management and technological treatments with the co-operation of both Local food vendors of Khau Galli(Food Lane in Kolhapur) and Kolhapur Municipal Corporation. The framework proposes integrations in the existing approaches with simple modifications and research study through different samples over a certain period. This framework may have systematic and efficient solutions addressing sustainability in broader aspects.The case study is a to finalize community bins from representativeareas and to study the composition of solid waste dwelling in the community bins and itseffective management. Researching on various methods adopted at various level in order to manage solid waste at itsplace ofgeneration. The framework suggests methodologies for the sustainable management of solid waste produce bythe institute at institute levelitself and to implement effective segregation ofwaste.
Comparative assessment of different processing methods used for minimization of bitterness in Bitter gourd
Authors: Bidlan Anjali , Kumar Manish
Published: August 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of different processing methods used for minimization of bitterness in Bitter gourd. For each treatment 1 kg raw fruit was taken, prior to processing samples were washed thoroughly;followed by peel removal, seed removal and slicing into equal pieces (4 cm). Sample thus obtained were subjected five treatments viz; (i) Soaking in salt water followed by heat treatment, (ii) Microwave heating, (iii) Shallow-frying, (iv) Soaking in buttermilk and (v) Roasting. Bitter gourd (4 cm) slices (500g) were dipped in 1000 mL brine solution (35% wt. by volume) for 60 min at room temperature using a stainless-steel bowl. In second stage these samples were heat treated by transferring in boiled distilled water 1000 mL for 5 min up to 96 °C. Microwave heating of slices (460g) was carried out at grill mode ofMicrowave oven at 110 °C for 10 min. Shallow frying of slices (482g) was done using 4-5 mL mustard oil at 100-110 °C for 10-12 min. For Buttermilk treatment the slices (437g) were dipped in 1000 mL buttermilk for 1 hr at room temperature. Roasting treatment for Bitter gourd slices (446g) was given by using a stainless-steel pan 70-90 °C for 15-16 min, till attainment of golden-brown colour from dark green. After processing sensory analysis and colour analysis (colourimeter) was done and remaining samples of each treatment was converted into powder by preparing the paste in kitchen grinders and later on its drying. The stored powders of processed samples were used for estimation of different phytochemicals responsible for bitterness in Bitter gourd. Saponin content (mg DE/g), Cucurbitacins (mg GAE/mL), Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g), alkaloidcontent (g/100g) and flavonoids content (mg QE/mL) were estimated. Both Saponins and cucurbitacins were found decreased, in all treated samples. Samples treated with salt solutions followed by heat treatment had shown minimum level of saponin andcucurbitacins that is (0.18mg DE/g and 206 µg Cu/mL), respectively. The Total phenolic content of all treated samples was found increased (180-249 mg GAE/g) in comparison to fresh Bitter gourd (62 mf GAE/g). Alkaloid and flavonoids content of processed Bitter gourd samples were found both decreasing and increasing in different treatments. Colour degradation of Bitter gourd was recorded in term of L, a and b values. The negative values of a ranging from -2 to -485 with a positive score of b value 20 to 35.9 indicated the transformation of green colour into greenish-yellow colour. Soaking in salt water followed by heat treatment was considered appropriate processing treatment for minimizations of bitterness and retainment of organoleptic characteristics.
Organic farming and the sustainability of agricultural systems
Authors: Shubham Kumar Sanu  , G. Nedumaran  , Kumar Sanu Shubham
Published: August 2024

The craving for a practical agribusiness is all inclusive, yet settlement on the most proficient method to advance towards it stays slippery. The degree to which the idea of manageable agribusiness has any functional significance is examined. Maintainability is considered comparable to natural cultivating - an area filling quickly in numerous nations. The job of guidelines and the utilization of manufactured agrochemicals, the ideal level of independence of horticultural frameworks, and the size of creation and exchange of rural products are completely viewed as with regards to this conversation of supportability. Practical agribusiness gives an equivalent load to ecological, social, and monetary worries in horticulture. Agrarian maintainability lies on the rule that we should address the issues of the present without compromising the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues.
A spatiotemporal analysis of Punjab's agricultural diversification
Authors: Gaurav Bhardwaj  , Dr. Shruti Bhuttani
Published: August 2024

The Indian state of Punjab is well known for its prosperous agrarian position. The amount of different sorts of crops a farmer is cultivating on a specific plot of land is indicated by crop diversification. We have attempted to assess crop diversification for the various agro-climatic zones of Punjab in the current study. We measured the degree of agricultural diversification using the Herfindahl Index and the Entropy Index for the various years, and we then charted the pattern over time. The findings for both indexes show that farmers are shifting their focus away from other crops and towards wheat, paddy, and vegetables. This suggests monoculture, which suggests that farmers are switching from crop diversity to crop specialization. We have also made an effort to draw attention to the issue of the state's declining water level and deteriorating situation. Wheat, paddy, and vegetables are grown specifically because they use more water and have a negative impact on biodiversity in Punjab, where farmers are highly dependent on groundwater levels.
Advanced treatment of pharmaceutical and Tyre wastewater with the help of low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane
Authors: Modi Richa , Piyush B. Vanzara  , Milan R. Gohel
Published: August 2024

In recent years, accelerated growth of industries is hand to hand with the economic growth of developing countries. Industrial development positively impacts the living standards and economic sector, but also greater strains on available resources and severe threat to environment. Among all the industrial wastes, liquid discharge is the most dreadful concern at present. Increasingly stringent government water quality policies enhanced the necessity of proper effluent treatment technology with cost effectiveness and consistent operations. There are many methods for wastewater treatment but from last few decades, substantial use of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for water recovery from effluent streams has strengthen the demand of different approaches for the desired efficiency of salt removal and elevated water recycle ratio. In this paper to overcome environmental problems, an effort has been made for advanced treatment of pharmaceutical and tyre industrial wastewater. The paper shows that membrane M1 when exposed to 1000 mg/l of Sodium Chloride shows the rejection of 97.46% with water flux of 33.73 (l/m2hr).  Additionally, membrane M2 when exposed to 1000 mg/l of Sodium Chloride shows the rejection of 96.85% with water flux of 38.92 (l/m2hr).  The results obtained highlights that the separation in RO resulted in appreciable removal of TDS from M1 are 88.31 % while from M2 is 89.23 % in case of pharmaceutical wastewater. Moreover, the performance of TDS separation in M1 is 86.69 % whilst from M2 is 87.27 % is main subject of interest in case of tyre wastewater. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RO has been effective in the reduction of COD, BOD with complete TSS removal.
Impact of mining due to heavy metal pollution on groundwater resources in Jhansi, Bundelkhand Region of Utter Pradesh, India
Authors: Arya Sandeep , Singh M.M. , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated potential groundwater with toxic metals in and around an abundant granite mines in Jhansi. The pH values for ground waters were neutral, with a slight increase of the values in the mining areas. Higher values of electrical conductivity were observed in the mine area. In these areas, groundwater contamination by Cd, Fe, and Pb were observed. Most of thetoxic metals were decreased with distance from mines; some have decreased gradually near the adjoining residential areas which may due to mixing with metal-free waters parameters like EC, TDS, Turbidity, DO, TH were found more in mining site comparison to non-mining site.
Efficacy of biowaste and bioagent on the growth of coriander and rumex plants.
Authors: Chakravarthy K. Sarojini , Ratnakumari Y. Rahel
Published: August 2024

This investigation was carried out to examine the effect of biowaste (Used Tea powder) and bioagent Trichoderma harzianum(NFCCI 2241) both alone and in combinations on the emergence of seedlings, growth and biomass of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and Green sorrel (Rumex acetosa) plants in a pot experiment. The biowaste and bioagent treatments were compared with chemical fertilizer treatment and control. There is a significant variation in the results among the treatments. Germination percentage of Green sorrel was more in the treatments of T2, T3, T4 when compared with T1 treatment. In Coriander, similar trend was observed but the percentage of emergence of seedlings was very much less when compared with Green sorrel.The growth of root and shoot in length in Rumexplants was recorded more with T3 and T1 treatments in coriander plants, whereas root growth was maximum with T3 and T5. For shoot growth, it was maximum in T1, T2 and T3 treatments. Biomass recorded maximum with T3, T4 and T1 treatments in coriander and Rumexplants. Trichoderma harzianumin combination with used tea powder (biowaste) i.e.,T3 treatment showed significant effect on the growth and productivity of coriander and Rumexplants
Crossing the Seven Seas: Covid 19 induced migrant crisis with reference to Uttar Pradesh.
Authors: Jamal Shahid , Upadhyay Aakash , Dua Rachna
Published: August 2024

Wars, conflict, and natural disasters displaced 14.6 million people in 127 countries from January-June 2020. To elaborate, humankind faces the worst pandemic ever, leading to massive loss of life and crippling the economy. Among these are the disadvantagedand poor, who are worst affected in the present times? Union government implementation of lockdown across the country to curtail virus transmission and protect people from COVID-19 threat turned into a significant socio-economic crisis for urban poor, mainly migrants. With lockdown 1.0, migrant workers from the big cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, and Chennai started rushing back to their native place. Uttar Pradesh houses about 20 million people, provides most informal workers to all these large cities, and saw severe crises across state borders and within state limits. Health hazards coupled with sudden lockdown brought colossal fury and mismanagement across India. People started moving in large numbers without any planning in the hope ofreaching their land. Very little did they know what lied ahead, with several migrants dead due to extreme heat, hunger, and thirst? On their way, home administration brutality towards them like complete body sanitization, lathi charge, hostility, and unwelcoming brought ore misery. Complete lockdown meant no vehicular movement and no public transport forcing a large flock of humans to walk back barefoot or any means possible. Present research looks to analyse the plights of the migrant movement with the idea of social justice amidst difficulties and hardships faced during the Covid-19 lockdown 1.0. The study is based on secondary data analysis, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It was concluded that despite the lockdown and hardship associated, the migrant workers were ready to travel any distance to reach their native place (sense of belongingness). They were hopeful of getting to their village in whatever way possible, prepared to march on cycle, walk back barefoot, on buses, trains, or any other means possible. The scenes of young people's dragging their parents and kids caught everyone's eye, women giving birth on the road, few individuals being run over by vehicles, indicating fighting against the pandemic is secondary, and reaching home being primary. The mass movement also sent the government wary and frenzy, meaning unplanned preparations questioning migrants' very existence. More needs to be done by the democratic government both at the centerand state to cope up during one of the most threatening crises to humankind and prepare for the future.
Estimation of land surface temperature of Srinagar city, Indiausing Landsat 8data.
Authors: Singh Perminder , Singla Sandeep
Published: August 2024

Land surface tempreature(LST) is a critical parameter for the study of biosphere, cryosphere and climate change.. Thermal infrared remote sensing data can be used to measure Land Surface Temperature (LST). It will measure the energy exiting the Earth's surface and record the apparent temperature of the surface. It is now possible to measure LST due to the advent of satellite imagery and digital image processing applications.In this study an attempt has been made to estimate LST over Srinagar city India, using LANDSAT 8 –Operational Line Imager & Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI & TIRS) satellite data. The variability of retrieved LSTs has been investigated with respect to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) .The LST for Srinagar city was calculated using the Split Window algorithm (SW) and Landsat-8 (Path-149 and Row-36) Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data with a resolution of 100m. Emissivity was calculated using the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) proportion of vegetation methodology, with bands 4 and 5 (30 m resolution) from the Operational Land Imager (OLI). Surface temperatures were found to be higher in central regions and lower in heavily vegetated areas. The LST derived using the SW algorithm was more efficient and precise since it used both OLI and TIRS bands.
Isolation, identification, enzyme productivity and antibacterial activity of intestinal bacteria of Blue morph Maylandia lombardoi and its role on growth
Authors: Rajan M.R. , Sabitha A.
Published: August 2024

Four distinct colonies were isolated from the intestine of Blue morph (Maylandia lombardoi) through serial dilution, pour plate, spread plate and streak plate method.The isolated colonies were identified by using biochemicaland enzyme (Amylase, Cellulase, Lipase and Protease) productivity tests. The isolated bacteria such asBacillus sp.,(BM1), Enterobacter sp.,(BM 2), Escherichia sp., (BM3) and Pseudomonas sp., (BM4)were mass multipliedin nutrient broth. Antibacterial activity of intestinal bacteria of Blue morph was carried out with the help of selective media along with commercial antibiotic Ampicillin.Based on higher enzyme productivity and antibacterial activity two bacteria were sequenced andthe identified as BMI(Lactobacillus casei)and BM2 (Lactobacillus acidophilus).Five different feeds having different concentration of bacteria such as Feed I (Control)(without bacteria), Feed II (1ml of Lactobacillus casei ),Feed III (1ml each of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus), Feed IV(1 ml each of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilusBacillus sp., and Escherichia sp.,)and Feed V (1ml each of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilusEscherichia sp.,and Pseudomonas sp.,)were prepared by using fish meal, groundnut oil cake, wheat flour and tapioca flour.Feed utilization parameters of Blue morph were estimated after a period of 21 days.Based on the antibacterial test theLactobacillus acidophilus(BM2) has higher inhibition.The feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed conversion efficiency, growth, percentage growth, relative growth rate, assimilation, metabolism, gross growth efficiency, and net growth efficiency was higher in feed IV.
High efficiency phytoextraction of barium using Amaranthus viridis l.
Authors: Selvaraj K , Malathika V , Ramasubramanian V , Makesh Kumar B
Published: August 2024

Heavy metal pollutants in the environment are emerging global concern. Barium is one of the heavy metal abundantly used in the manufacture of firecrackers and match industries. This work is aim to eradicate barium from these industrial sites; the new-flanged phytoextraction technology is used to mitigate the metal pollution through hyperaccumulators. Plant used in phytoextraction should accumulate and translocate specific pollutants especially heavy metals. This work aimsto assess the tolerance mechanism of Amaranthusviridis L. a selective native hyperaccumulator under barium chloridestress. Morphometric, biochemical, enzymatic activity, accumulation, translocation and mobility of bariumform soil to root and leaves were studied in co-cultivated hyperaccumulator (Amaranthusviridis) and hypoaccumulator (Abelmuscusesculentus) at various concentration levels of barium. Amaranthusviridis accumulated fourfold tofivefold barium in roots, shoots and leaves than AbelmuscusesculentusL.This is well understand that Amaranthusviridis showinghigher accumulation of barium, more translocation of bariumfrom root to shoot and good mobility. The mobilityof bariumwas increased form level 1 to level 3.It was revealed that the accumulation of bariumwas more in root and shoot of Amaranthusviridis. It is inferred from the present study that A.esculentusis a hypoaccumulator and is sensitive to barium. When co-cultivated with Amaranthusviridisshowing less of metal toxicity because Amaranthusviridisbeing hyperaccumulator of barium, accumulate more metal and save Abelmuscusesculentus.It is strongly suggest that the hyperaccumulator Amaranthus viridisL. should grownin the barium polluted sites and make the environment sans heavy metal pollution.
Marathwada agro-climatic drought detection by utilization of temperature and vegetation index records.
Authors: Huchhe Mahesh , Bandela Narsingrao
Published: August 2024

Semi-arid Marathwada economy depends on agricultural productionand in recent decades the drought has been observed as anall partof the several recurrent climatesrelated environmental hazardsin region, frequently destroyinglivelihood, socio-economy, and food securityof region.The economy of the nation affected due to less productivity of crops as well as decreases the soil moisture.In present work the remote sensing, image processing and geospatial techniqueseffectively using for drought management, mitigation practices, monitoring and assessment.The main objective of study is toanalyze VCIandTCIindices.MOD11A2 and MOD13C2 data(year2000, 2005, 2014 and 2016) is used for derive the TCI and VCI respectively. Time series of TCI and VCI shows that in certain years resembles each other’s and their result helps to determined occurrence and severity drought. The result shows the seasonal VCI isdirectly related to the seasonal rainfall as well as TCI of region. The analysis reveals that theconformation of demonstratingextension and severity of aridity in the Marathwada region. Themotivation behind the examination to computethe vegetation index (NDVI) and Temperature Condition Index helps to review of agricultural practices and water use.
Gastronomic tourism experiences of Goa: tapping the potential of Goan cuisine as a destination attraction.
Authors: Fernandes Mayola , Sherkar Arun , Zagade Seema
Published: August 2024

Goa has been well renowned for its serene beaches, sunset views, vibrant nightlife, and the easy-going nature that the entire State exudes. Though divided broadly into North Goa and South Goa, this much-sought tourist destination still has plenty of reflections of its rich Portuguese influence, right from its architecture, language, style of dressing, and of course, its food.Every tourist, while planning a trip, be it for business or leisure, indeed also looks into the culinary aspect to further enhance their travel experience.Goan food has an amalgamation of simple flavors consisting of its staple food of unpolished rice and fish curry; its solid Portuguese influence adds to itsuniquely complexcombination of flavors such as sweetness, spice, salt, and sourness.There are many paths that Goan cuisine has traversed and has tremendous potentialof further increasing the tourism potential and acting as a critical player in the State's economic status in a delectable manner. This article aims at presenting a research link between tourism and gastronomy, which seeks to determine the impulses, satisfactions levels, profile, and purchasing power of tourists who visit Goa, with a motivation to understand its cultural heritage, in this case, gastronomy.This study is descriptive in nature in which the data were collected from the 190 tourists who recently visited Goa. A structured questionnairecontaining five-point interval scalewas used for data collection.Statistical tools such as mean and one sample t-test were applied to analyze the data. The results revealed that, of late, gastronomy also plays a significant role in the way touristsapproach andexperience a destination.
Spatio-temporal analysis of Sericulture Concentration Development in North Western Himalayan Region of Kashmir Valley, India: A District level Analysis.
Authors: Mushtaq Ruyida , Fayaz Abida , Singh Amarjeet , Yadav Rajesh , Tariq Ahmad raja , Singh Harmeet , Pervez Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Sericulture is an allied agricultural sector that includes the agroforestry cottage industry,which is crucial toproviding people in the Kashmir valleywith sustainable livelihoods and regional development.Backward and forward linking activities include growing mulberry plantations, breeding silkworms to manufacture silk cocoons, coiling cocoonsto untie silk filament, yarn production, weaving, and processing silk textiles.The purpose of the present study is to emphasise the Spatio-temporaltrends, concentration, and distribution of sericulture in the Kashmir valley from 2005-2006 to 2019-2020 in terms of mulberry plants and silk cocoons. To achieve the study's goal of determining trends at the district level and the concentration of sericulture development in Kashmir Valley, the compound annual growth rate, linear regression analysis, and evaluation index method were utilised.According to the Perusal of Results, the trend of silk cocoon production and yield increased at rates of 3.77 and 10.70 from2005-2006 to 2019-2020, whereas the mulberry area showed signals of decreasing at a rate of -5.97 over the last 15 years (2005-2020).The findingsshowthat the concentration of sericulture is maximum in northern and southern parts of Kashmir valley includesBaramulla,Anantnag, Kupwara, and minimum in central parts of Kashmir. The spatial distribution of sericulture concentration in Kashmir's districts has been visualised using Arc GIS 10.4, with the goal of identifying places for sericulture development in the valley. As a result, efficient government sericulture policy initiatives and an integrated strategic approach are vital not only in terms of prospective revenue-generating activities, but also in terms of the J&K economy's GDP.The Kashmir Valleysilk arts and craftsmanship reflect the region's rich cultural heritage and contribute considerably to the development of new artistic trends within the Union of Jammu and Kashmir.
Rural and Urban Household Carbon Footprint: A Comparative Study, West Bengal, India
Authors: Hazra Nanda Dulal
Published: August 2024

Household emission is a significant contributor to total emission in the atmosphere. Household emission is measured in terms of Per Capita Carbon Footprint. Carbon Footprint can be defined as the total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly and indirectly by any individual or organization from its activities and it is expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2e). From the latest report of JRC, 2020 per capita global average of CO2 emission in 2019 was 4.93 tCO2 tonne/Per Year and in India it was 1.9 tCO2 tonne/Per Year. In this backdrop the objectives of the article are: i) to measure the activity wise household carbon footprint of the sample households, and ii) to compare the activity wise carbon footprint of rural and urban households during the study period.Household Per Capita Carbon Footprint has been calculated using the emission factors of different components. From the study it is observedthat maximum amount of emission generates from cooking activities for rural households and from food activities for urban households. Per Capita Carbon Footprint of rural household is 0.6071 tCO2e tonne/Per Year and 0.5119 tCO2e tonne/Per Year for urban household.
Experimental investigation on pervious concrete with metakaolin
Authors: Navaz Aaliya , Paul Anju
Published: August 2024

Pervious concrete is a type of light weight porous concrete with no fine or with small percentage of fine aggregate. It is generally used for flatwork applications, whichallowswater from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing ground water recharge. This study aims to experimentally investigate the mechanical and hydraulic propertiesof pervious concrete with differentreplacementlevels of metakaolin.Pervious concrete for pavement applications having a porosity of 20-25% with cement-aggregate ratio of 1:4 and w/c ratio of 0.36 is established based on permeability, porosity and strength parameters. Metakaolin were incorporated in pervious concrete by replacing cement at 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of cement which helps in increasing the mechanicalproperties of pervious concrete. The strength parameters increased about 12.24%, 23.95%, 13.97%for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength respectivelyfor 10% metakaolin replacement and hydraulic properties decreased as the percentage of metakaolinincreased.
Effect of sintering and coldbonding techniques onlightweight aggregates fromindustrial waste –a review
Authors: Rhishi Raj K , Vasudev R
Published: August 2024

Concrete is a building material which consist major portion of hard inorganic materials called aggregates such as crushed stone aggregate. Due to continuous usage of natural resources within a short length of time these get depleted. Production of concreteby using waste materials from industries isimportant in this era. The production of light weight aggregate from waste material is done by pellatization and hardened by sintering orcold bonding techniques. Depending upon the hardening methods the properties of concrete is also varied. From previous research works it can be concludedthat it is possible to produce structural concrete using sintered fly ash aggregate which are spherical in shape having specific gravity varyingfrom 1.33 to 2.35. According to the literature, the specific gravity of these aggregates was 16 to 46 percent lower than that of standard of weight aggregates, and they might be employed as aggregatesin structural concrete production depending on the constituent qualities and the production environment. Cold bonded aggregate concretewith compressive strength 48% lesser compared to normal concrete mix, it exceeds the value of 17 MPa that has been fixed as minimum criteria for concrete to be used as a structural material. This paper mainly focuses on review of artificial light weight aggregate from cold bonding and sintering methods and how these methods affect the concrete properties. From different studies, it is concluded that Cold bonding is an energy saving method and Sinteredsludge pellets have a stronger aggregate strength, larger porosity, and lower aggregate density than cold bonded aggregates, exhibiting qualities that are superior to those required of building aggregates. Sustainable development is indeed achievable in this developing era and lightweight aggregate in construction sector is key to achieve this.
Behaviour of additively manufactured concrete cellular columns under axial loading conditions.
Authors: Joseph Nithya Susan , Beegom Sajitha A.
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing techniques have gained significance during the recent years. Most of the traditional construction techniques are more or less subtractive or in other words, they involve the machining away of extras to achieve the final product and hence their performance will be limited to the availability of moulds. Additive manufacturing methods tend to be more efficient and economical as it reduces the wastage of construction material, time and manpower by enabling the freeform printing of parts. This paper focuses on the behaviour of numerical models of simple additively manufactured concrete cellular columns when subjected to axial loading. The three unitcellular topologies adopted were square, triangular and hexagonal in shape. The numerical model was developed using Ansys Design Modeller and validation was carried out using the experimental data available from previous literature. The parametric study was then conducted on the validated models to obtain the optimum unit cellular shape, as well as study the effect of column height and thickness of walls of unit cells on the ultimate load carrying capacities of column. Strength to weight ratio of the cellular models wasobtained to be 47-62% of that of solid columns with the optimum results for square concrete cellular columns. The load carrying capacity of columns decreased with increase in height as expected but the rate of decrease in strength was seen to be about 61% and 86% lesser in triangular and square columns respectively when compared to their solid counterpart. The load carrying capacity was seen to increase with increase in wall thickness of cells of column for all models.