bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the black box: board co-option and environmental innovation
Authors: Gull Ammar Ali , Iqbal Umer , Ghafoor Abdul , Ahmed Ammad
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study examines the impact of board co-option on environmental innovation and the moderating effect of firms’ industrial context, ESG compensation and environmental policy stringency (EPS) on this relationship. Finally, we examine the implications of the board co-option and eco-innovation nexus on the market value of firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator on a longitudinal panel dataset of the US-listed firms to test the proposed hypotheses. The system GMM findings are substantiated using the entropy balancing method and difference-in-differences (DiD) estimations to better establish causality while addressing endogeneity concerns.

Findings

The findings provide evidence that board co-option has a negatively significant relationship with environmental innovation. Further analyses imply that the impact of board co-option on environmental innovation is positively significant among firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries, with ESG compensation for executives, and those operating in environments characterized by high environmental policy stringency. Taken together, these results suggest that industrial context, ESG compensation and environmental policy stringency moderate the impact of board co-option on environmental innovation. The results also reveal that more environmentally innovative firms attain greater market valuation when the board is co-opted.

Originality/value

This study is a novel attempt to contribute to the debate on board composition and its impact on corporate environmental innovation. It complements the existing literature on sustainability governance and accounting by providing an understanding of the impact of board co-option on corporate environmental innovation and highlights the role of regulatory pressure, industrial context and executive compensation structure in shaping this relationship. The findings offer valuable insights for academics, senior management and policymakers.
Association between self-control, parental practices and delinquent behaviors among Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Schiavone Ana Beatriz Prado , Komatsu André Vilela , Bazon Marina Rezende
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between self-control, family practices and delinquent behaviors among Brazilian adolescents using a person-centered approach.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the International Self-Reported Delinquency Study standardized protocol, data came from 1,909 adolescents between 13 and 17 years (female = 49.6%, male = 48.3%, non-binary = 2.1% and mean age = 15) attending public and private schools of two cities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were grouped according to their scores in impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Clusters were characterized and compared regarding sociodemographic variables, family aspects (family bond and parental monitoring) and self-reported delinquency.

Findings

Analysis resulted in four groups characterized by: low impulsivity and low sensation-seeking (High Self-controlled; n = 564), high impulsivity and high sensation-seeking (Low Self-controlled; n = 378), high impulsivity and low sensation-seeking (Impulsives; n = 452) and low impulsivity and high sensation-seeking (Sensation-seekers; n = 475). High Self-controlled scored higher in family bonding and parental monitoring than the other three groups. Low Self-controlled reported the highest offense rates, followed by the Sensation-seekers, who scored more than Low Self-controlled and Impulsives.

Originality/value

This person-centered approach reveals individual differences in self-control, highlighting subgroup homogeneity and associations with parenting practices and delinquency. The findings of this study contribute theoretically to refining the General Theory of Crime and practically by guiding targeted interventions. This study underscores that sensation-seeking may influence delinquency more than impulsivity and suggests parental monitoring and bonding are key in shaping adolescents’ self-control.
Factors affecting sustainable practices of workplace remodeling in Saudi Arabia: a stakeholder assessment
Authors: Al-Ofi Abdulmajeed F. , Hassanain Mohammad A. , Akbar Abdullah Ehtesham , AlQanas Abdulwahab S. , Alshibani Adel , Zami Mohammad Sharif
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the factors affecting sustainable workplace remodeling in Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review was conducted, resulting in 30 factors grouped into five categories. A questionnaire was designed and tested, and stakeholders including architects/engineers (A/Es), contractors and facilities managers were surveyed to evaluate the importance of these factors. The responses were analyzed to determine the relative importance index (RII), importance rating (IR) and ranking of each factor.

Findings

All 30 factors were evaluated as “Extremely Important” and “Very Important” in the collective assessment conducted by the three stakeholder categories. The findings revealed that the key factors, unanimously highlighted by all groups, include “The highest-ranking factors Constrained budget for the project”, “Availability of an experienced contractor in the remodeling field”, “Compliance with safety codes and standards”, “Underestimation of project complexity” and “Availability of specifications”.

Research limitations/implications

The study presents an approach for assessing stakeholder consensus, using the RII and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to analyze the results. This approach aims to improve understanding of how various stakeholders influence and perceive sustainability in construction projects.

Practical implications

The study offers guidance for various stakeholders, to integrate sustainable practices into their operations. It emphasizes communication, implementing cost-efficient designs and ensuring compliance with sustainability standards to enhance the longevity and efficiency of remodeled workplaces.

Originality/value

The study adds to the current knowledge base by providing insights into sustainable practices of workplace remodeling specific to the context of Saudi Arabia.
Developing a process model for inspection management of building facilities using financial analysis
Authors: Amani Nima
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a process model for inspection management of building facilities based on a financial analysis process using a facilities assessment index (FAI).

Design/methodology/approach

A piping system is surveyed using financial analysis to implement optimal inspection time and cost based on limited costs. Inspection technical sheets were sent to 30 installation consultant companies in Iran. Financial sheets were sent to hotel financial managers. There are three main stages in the development of the building facilities inspection management process: Stage I: gathering data, Stage II: developing a draft process model, Stage III: testing the process model and Stage IV: verification of process model. The research applies decision-making techniques to resolve various issues using cost data.

Findings

By analyzing historical data and using a process model, the author determined that the most cost-effective approach is to inspect and repair pipes when the FAI (condition index [CI]) reaches 70. At this point, the saving to investment ratio (SIR) is 1.69, indicating substantial economic benefits. For pipes with a CI below 55, replacement is recommended due to lower economic benefits from repair. When the CI reaches 40, the pipes are considered to be at the end of their useful life, and replacement is the optimal course of action. The process model was rigorously tested to ensure its accuracy in predicting future scenarios. By comparing model predictions with historical data and established solutions, the author found a strong correlation between the highest SIR and a CI of 70 in both historical and predictive data analyses. This consistency suggests that the model can effectively predict optimal inspection timing for the wastewater system.

Originality/value

Any decision-making is based on the existing cost and resource allocation of the buildings in inspection activities. This issue is very important: how to allocate the limited costs available for facilities inspection to achieve the best return on spending. This method helps building managers and engineers make better decisions to reduce inspection costs and increase facilities’ service life.
Prosocial behavior in intergroup contexts: a systematic review and future directions for Islamic marketing
Authors: Aji Hendy Mustiko , Che-Ha Norbani , Md Zabri Mohd Zaidi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to systematically review the literature on intergroup prosocial behavior to uncover key insights and propose future research directions for Islamic marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Theory-Context-Characteristics-Methodology framework to systematically review past literature based on the most commonly used theories, contexts, characteristics and methods.

Findings

After reviewing 2,675 articles from 2000 to 2023, this study identifies the four most common theories and contexts, seven factors and three primary methods used to study intergroup prosocial behavior. Based on these findings, this study identifies seven research gaps and suggests new theoretical perspectives, themes, constructs and methods for future studies in Islamic marketing.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first systematic literature review to explore intergroup prosocial behavior across disciplines while proposing targeted research agendas and actionable insights to advance the field of Islamic marketing.
How to measure management innovation for a human-centric organization
Authors: D’Amato Vittorio , Tosca Elena , Ricciardelli Alessandra , Tuporini Luca
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Measurement of the process of management innovation (MI) is critical for both practitioners and academics, yet the literature is scarce and characterized by a diversity of approaches and practices that can be confusing and contradictory. This study aims to create a novel instrument for assessing MI, achieved through a critical analysis of the literature focused primarily on identifying the dimensions of MI and, second, the scales used for their measurement.

Design/methodology/approach

Using survey data from 415 managers of the service sector from different companies in Italy, the validation of the MIINDEX was conducted. Internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s alpha) was used to test the statistical reliability of the tool.

Findings

The paper offers a review of key publications on the proposed dimensions of MI and the scales used for their measurement that have been published in research journals within the past two decades. The validation of the index was deemed satisfactory. These research results lead to several conclusions that enrich the current academic debate about MI and contribute to managerial and business practices.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper originally proposed a clear and holistic framework covering the range of activities needed to capture all the nuances of MI.
Information transfers from peer firms’ analyst revisions
Authors: Chen Li , Shane Philip , Wu Xiaohua (Stephen) , Zhang Yuyu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to examine whether analyst revisions on peer firms have information transfer effects on focal firms in the same industry, and whether firm-level rivalry and common analysts affect such information transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a large sample of US data on listed companies and financial analysts from 1996 to 2021. The authors use ordinary least squares and a short-window event study to test the formulated hypotheses.

Findings

The findings show that, on average, focal firm stock returns are positively associated with peer firms’ analyst revisions. However, information transfers from nonrival (rival) peer firms’ analyst revisions are positive (negative). Revisions by common analysts covering both peer and focal firms drive more positive transfers. Furthermore, peer firms’ revisions by common analysts, compared to noncommon analysts, trigger more reactions from focal firm analysts, consistent with investor reactions. Finally, common analyst coverage raises short-term return synchronicity around revisions.

Originality/value

This study adds to the information transfer literature by examining the information released by noncorporate entities (i.e. analyst revisions). It also extends our understanding of the roles of analysts, particularly the peer effect and common analysts, in the capital markets. Findings on analyst-driven return interdependencies among peers may interest investors in portfolio construction.
Mental health and play: a positive autoethnographic case study of René Proyer
Authors: Proyer René , Gonot-Schoupinsky Freda
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to invite Professor René Proyer, a leading positive psychologist and authority on play, to tell his story, share highlights from his research and insights into playfulness, mental health and positive psychology.

Design/methodology/approach

A positive autoethnographic case study approach is used to enable Professor Proyer to narrate his story while also addressing topics within a Q&A format.

Findings

Play is important for childhood, adolescent and adult mental health and well-being. Although distinct from one another, humor, laughter, creativity and playfulness exhibit overlap. Proyer’s research has even shown that just reflecting on playful moments can increase happiness and alleviate depression.

Research limitations/implications

The experiences, perspectives and insight of one person are narrated in this case study and these cannot be generalized.

Practical implications

Play can be widely defined, and there are many ways to enjoy it freely and at no cost, making it highly accessible and practical to support mental health and well-being. By seeking out and creating playful situations, we can embrace playfulness as adults.

Social implications

As Proyer relays by quoting Christopher Peterson, one definition of positive psychology is “Other people matter”. By finding ways to playfully interact with others, we can find immediate enjoyment but also build and strengthen relationships and support our health and well-being, and that of others too.

Originality/value

Professor Proyer is a positive psychologist and authority on playfulness. Here, he shares with us multiple insights in the areas of mental health and play.
Redenomination risk connectedness among European sovereign bond markets
Authors: Chebbi Tarek , AlGhazali Abdullah Mohammed , Mensi Walid , Kang Sanghoon
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the interconnectedness of redenomination risk premiums across the four main European sovereign bond markets (France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the time-varying parameter vector autoregressions method to achieve the objectives.

Findings

This study reveals that the redenomination risk connectedness throughout the Euro area sovereign bond markets is dynamic and exhibits remarkable variations across various crisis episodes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia–Ukraine tensions. In addition, the analysis uncovers significant bilateral connections between countries. Furthermore, the research finds that spillovers from the US dollar redenomination premium (USDRP) are greater than those from the euro redenomination premium (ERP) and currency redenomination premium (CRP). However, during the Ukraine–Russia tensions, the connectedness between the USDRP is stronger than that between the ERP and CRP. On the other hand, the connectedness between CRP is higher than the USDRP and ERP during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, this study demonstrates that the four countries play a role as both shock transmitters and receivers, switching alternatively.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the related literature by exploring the redenomination risk connectedness throughout the Euro area sovereign bond markets. Specifically, we rely on the USDRP, the ERP and CRP. These findings have serious implications for both portfolio risk management.
Performance investigation of dual stator electrically excited flux switching machine
Authors: Khan Wasiullah , Khan Faisal , Ullah Wasiq , Akuru U. Bola , Zhao Wenxiang
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the non-overlapped winding dual stator electrically excited flux switching machine (NOW-DSEEFSM) for wind energy applications. To reduce the cost of conventional design, several rotor pole topologies of low cost have been examined, and finally, an optimum design is compared with conventional design.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, NOW-DSEEFSM is designed, optimized, evaluated and compared with different rotor poles. Initially, the electromagnetic performance of the proposed machine is investigated on the 8, 10, 14, 20 and 22 rotor poles based on the finite element analysis by using JMAG software. From the initial results, 8-, 10- and 14-pole machines are further selected for parametric optimization to enhance the electromagnetic performance. After optimization, the result indicates that the machine with 14 poles can be considered as the overall most appropriate design for the proposed wind generator. Furthermore, analysis has been used on different armature and field current densities to study the effect on electromagnetic performances. Finally, a comparison is performed between the proposed machine and the conventional machine.

Findings

In the proposed machine to reduce the copper losses and overhang effect, the NOW topology is used against the well-known overlap winding and provides excellent flux regulation capability due to the existence of field winding, and to obtain high torque and power densities, the presented machine has two stator units and a single robust rotor.

Originality/value

The dual stator flux switching machine with NOW is designed, evaluated and compared to get high torque and power densities.
Development and face validity testing of pyeloplasty surgical training models
Authors: Mehawed Georges , Fan JingJing , Lee Emma , Sourial Paul , Goostrey Laing , Sellwood Matthew , Short Melissa , Rukin Nicholas , Murray Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Background

There are few realistic and accessible laparoscopic pyeloplasty training models. The aim of this study is to develop a functional training model through user‐centered design that depicts the pathological features of pelvicoureteric junction obstruction (PUJO).

Methods

Realistic patient‐matched anatomical models of the kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter were created based on segmentations of computed tomography (CT) scans of a paediatric patient with PUJO who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Three training model versions (polyjet, resin, and silicone) were produced, tested, and published. Training model testing was conducted by consultant surgeons (n = 14), training surgeons (n = 5), and medical students (n = 8). Face validity testing was conducted to assess realism and usefulness of training models on a 10‐point Likert‐type scale. Training model accessibility was assessed using equipment availability and cost to set‐up and produce as proxy measures.

Results

Participants significantly preferred polyjet and silicone models over resin models for overall rating (6.9 ± 2.3, 7.9 ± 1.1, and 5.0 ± 1.8) respectively; and usefulness in trainees (7.6 ± 2.1, 8.6 ± 0.9, and 5.0 ± 3.1) respectively. While both the polyjet and silicone models were found to be realistic and useful, the silicone model is considered more accessible due to the ready availability of the manufacturing equipment and materials and around 300‐fold reduction in cost compared to polyjet.

Conclusions

A surgeon‐assessed realistic and useful pyeloplasty surgical training model was developed here which enables surgical practice on challenging small anatomical features. The comparatively low cost and accessibility of the silicone model can enable trainees to practice the procedure depicting the realistic pathological features in environments with limited resources.
Characteristics of young people referred for treatment of depression and anxiety in a school‐based mental health service
Authors: Robinson Emilia , Chapman Chloe , Orchard Faith , Dixon Clare , John Mary
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The aim of the paper was to describe referrals to a UK school‐based mental health service for children and adolescents.

Methods

Children and young people (CYP) (N = 485, aged 4–18) were referred to two Mental Health Support Team sites in the South of England in 2021, for CBT‐informed interventions for mild‐to‐moderate anxiety and depression. Child and parent reported outcome measures were completed pre‐intervention, including measures of symptom severity and impact.

Results

Referrals consisted of 61% female, 57% secondary school age (12–18 years old) and 81% White British. Children of secondary school age self‐reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (p = .003) and depression (p < .001) than children of primary age. Females self‐reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001) than males. The majority of CYP self‐reported below or borderline threshold anxiety, depression and overall internalizing symptoms. The majority of caregiver‐reported CYP difficulties met the clinical threshold for anxiety and overall internalizing symptoms, but not depression.

Conclusions

The findings have direct relevance to the transformation and delivery of school‐based public mental health services for children and adolescents. There is a need to collect routine data from other services to assess the broader needs of CYP referred for low intensity early interventions across regions.
Characterization of Mucosa‐Associated Microbiota in Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues From Southern Thai Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Fongmanee Jukrayupat , Wanitsuwan Worrawit , Wanna Warapond , Surachat Komwit , Saechan Charinrat , Srinoun Kanitta , Buncherd Hansuk , Thanapongpichat Supinya , Kanjanapradit Kanet , Tansila Natta
Published: February 2025

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant syndrome associated with germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients eventually may develop colorectal cancer (CRC) if they are not diagnosed in the early stages. Dysbiosis is an important contributing factor to the complex events in carcinogenesis, which are poorly understood. First, 25 tissue samples from 13 patients with FAP at Songklanagarind Hospital were classified as nontumor (n = 18) or tumor tissues (n = 7). Following isolation, 5 DNA samples of insufficient quantity and quality were excluded. The 16S rRNA gene targeting the V3–V4 region was sequenced, and the sequencing data were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The abundance of Romboutsia and Clostridium genera and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 was significantly higher in tumor tissues than that in nonneoplastic samples. Furthermore, several bacterial genera, including Acinetobacter, Paracoccus, Brevundimonas, and Brevibacillus, were predominant or key taxa in nontumor mucosae. We found an alteration in the mucosa‐associated microbiota composition of southern Thai patients that may have contributed to the tumorigenesis of FAP. These findings may improve the knowledge of the potential roles of microbes in FAP and aid the development of preventive measures for cancer development and progression through modulation of the gut microbiota.
Chromatic Pupillary Light Reflex in Two Dogs With Amaurosis Secondary to Optic Pathway Disorders
Authors: Santifort Koen , Plonek Marta , Görig Christiane , Huver Ingrid
Published: February 2025

Objective

Chromatic (colorimetric) pupillary light reflexes (cPLR) are reportedly useful in canine neuro‐ophthalmology to differentiate sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) from optic pathway disease (neurological disorders) causing acute blindness. We report two canine cases with cPLR test results reported to be consistent with primary retinal disease that were subsequently diagnosed with optic pathway (CNS) disease.

Animals studied

A 7‐year‐old Dachshund and a 7‐year‐old Weimaraner were presented for acute blindness.

Procedures and results

Both dogs failed obstacle tests, showed absent menace responses, bilateral mydriasis, and absent PLRs with white light in both eyes. The cPLRs were tested using a BPI‐50 Precision Illuminator (Retinographics Inc., USA). Both dogs exhibited no PLR with red light (660 nm), and brisk though incomplete pupillary constriction with blue light (465 nm) at 200 kcd/m2. Electroretinograms (ERG) of both eyes were normal in both dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a left‐sided cystic extra‐axial mass (suspected meningioma) in the rostral cranial fossa in the Dachshund and a lesion affecting the rostral bones of the skull base and optic nerves in the Weimaraner (confirmed lymphoma).

Conclusions

These are the first two reported canine cases with acute, bilateral amaurosis due to optic pathway disease with present blue light‐cPLR.
Bienestar subjetivo y compromiso académico relacionado con el ambiente de aprendizaje positivo
Authors: Gaxiola Romero José Concepción , Gaxiola Villa Eunice , Pineda Domínguez Antonio
Published: February 2025

El ambiente de aprendizaje es positivo, de acuerdo con la teoría de ambientes positivos, si el bienestar subjetivo y los ajustes psicológicos son la base de la sustentabilidad del ambiente. Existe escasez de investigaciones sobre el bienestar subjetivo y el ajuste académico como resultado del ambiente de aprendizaje. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue probar un modelo estructural de relaciones entre el ambiente de aprendizaje positivo y el bienestar subjetivo en el compromiso académico de bachilleres. Participaron 269 estudiantes de un bachillerato del noroeste de México con promedio de edad de 14.7 años (DE = 0.55). Se aplicó análisis de ecuaciones estructurales a los datos y los resultados mostraron que el ambiente de aprendizaje positivo se relacionó con el bienestar subjetivo y el compromiso académico. Se discute que el ambiente de aprendizaje positivo puede promover el bienestar subjetivo y el compromiso académico de bachilleres.
Description of Birjandtrombella lundi sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Neotrombidiidae) from Brazil
Authors: Noei Javad , Šundić Miloje , Bernardi Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

The Birjandtrombella Noei is a genus hitherto described for one species from Iran (Asia), and for the third time, the genus was found from Brazil (South America). Birjandtrombella lundi sp. nov. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Neotrombidiidae) is described and illustrated from neotropical caves in Brazil. This is the fourth larval species of Birjandtrombella in the world. A key to world genera of larval Neotrombidiidae is corrected. Also, an updated key to larval species of Birjandtrombella of the world (larva) is presented and the generic diagnosis is amended.
Walking and Running Biomechanical Dual-Task Cost as Collegiate Athletes Return to Sport Following Concussions Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Hanno Natalie S. , Lynall Robert C. , Bowman Thomas G.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to examine walking and running biomechanics with and without the addition of a cognitive task in athletes recently diagnosed with concussions. We sought to determine if deficits remained after athletes were asymptomatic, had returned to baseline in all common clinical tests, and had been cleared for full return to sport participation. Seven collegiate athletes with recent concussions (recently concussed) and seven healthy matched controls (controls) completed testing sessions 1–3 days after unrestricted clearance (S1) and 1-week postclearance (S2). Participants completed four gait conditions: (1) walking alone (single task), (2) walking while completing simple mental tasks (dual task), (3) running single task, and (4) running dual task. Participants completed a total of eight walking trials, followed by a total of eight running trials counterbalanced between single- and dual-task conditions. Runscribe™ wearable shoe sensors (Scribe Labs, Inc.) were utilized to assess walking and running gait biomechanics. No significant interaction was found between group (recently concussed, control) and session (S1, S2) for speed (m/s), stride length (m), or step rate (steps/min) during the four gait conditions (p ≥ .34). However, several moderate to large effect sizes were observed for pairwise comparisons (−0.09 ≤ d ≤ 1.72), suggesting clinically meaningful decreased performance in the recently concussed group that would benefit from further study with larger samples.
Influence of Travel Demands and Match Load on Recovery Following Postmatch Travel in National-Team Footballers
Authors: Clements Ewan , Ehrmann Fabian , Clark Andrew , Jones Mark , McCall Alan , Duffield Rob
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between travel demands and match loads on perceptual recovery, fatigue, and sleep following postmatch travel in national football teams. In addition, the influence of travel demands and the time between match kickoff and travel departure on postmatch recovery was examined. Methods: Match-running load (via GPS) and travel data were obtained from 79 male national-team footballers. Postmatch travel duration, direction, context, time-zone difference, and time between kickoff and travel departure were collated. Athletes provided perceptual ratings of fatigue, soreness, sleep, stress, and recovery from 1 day prematch through to 3 days after postmatch travel. Linear mixed models assessed the influence of match load and travel on perceptual ratings for 3 days posttravel. Additional models assessed a standardized postmatch time point of match day + 3 to determine whether timing and extent of travel influenced recovery. Results: Higher match loads were associated with poorer recovery, fatigue, soreness, and sleep (P = .001–.032). Athletes reported poorer fatigue, soreness, and recovery when traveling from national teams back to clubs compared with between national-team matches (P < .001). Traveling eastward was associated with poorer sleep (P = .004). Longer periods between kickoff and travel departure were associated with poorer sleep on match day + 3 (P = .003). Conclusions: Perceptual recovery, fatigue, sleep, and soreness following postmatch travel were affected by both match load and travel demands. Greater match loads and eastward postmatch travel may impair recovery. In addition, departing later after a match was associated with poorer sleep on match day + 3; however, no relationships existed to any other recovery measures.
Physiological and Biomechanical Responses Induced by a Continuous Test and an Intermittent Test in Middle-Distance Runners
Authors: Benhammou Saddek , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Mourot Laurent , Belkadi Adel
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to examine middle-distance runners’ acute physiological and biomechanical responses to 2 maximal aerobic speed tests: an intermittent test (5 × 1 mintest) and a continuous test (University of Montreal Track Test [UM-TT]). Methods: Twenty trained male middle-distance runners completed the UM-TT and 5 × 1 mintest on separate days. The rating of perceived exertion, peak heart rate, and maximal aerobic speed of both tests (VUM-TT and V5 ×1m) were analyzed. Heart-rate variability (time and frequency domain) and spatiotemporal parameters were measured preexercise and postexercise at 5, 30, and 60 minutes. Results: No differences were found between VUM-TT and V5×1m (18.4 [1.0] vs 18.5 [0.9] km·h−1, r = .88, P = .14). Peak heart rate was similar between tests (UM-TT: 188.6 [4] beats·min−1 vs 5 × 1 mintest: 189 [2] beats·min−1, r = .63, P = .23). Rating of perceived exertion was higher in UM-TT (UM-TT: 8.1 [0.5] vs 5 × 1 mintest: 7.6 [0.7], r = .47, P = .009). For both tests, heart-rate-variability parameters indicated higher sympathetic/lower parasympathetic activity compared with baseline at all time points (P < .001), without differences between tests. Stride frequency and duty factor increased postexercise (P < .05), with no changes in contact time and stride time (P > .05), without differences between the 2 tests. Conclusions: Both tests significantly changed heart-rate variability and biomechanical parameters, with no differences between the tests. As 5 × 1 mintest was perceived as less demanding, it may be a less taxing alternative for assessing maximal aerobic speed in middle-distance runners.
Terahertz broadband one-way transparency with spontaneous magnon decay
Authors: Akaki Mitsuru , Matsumoto Masashige , Narumi Yasuo , Okubo Susumu , Ohta Hitoshi , Hagiwara Masayuki
Published: February 2025

Nonreciprocity is a phenomenon in which broken spatial inversion symmetry appears on a macroscopic scale and is an essential issue in condensed matter physics. Directional dichroism is the nonreciprocal phenomenon of light; the light transmittance varies depending on the direction of light propagation. It arises from interference between electromagnetic fields of light, resulting in the nonreciprocal transmittance determined by the resonance light absorption. For the maximum interference, it shows one-way transparency, and achieving this is an outstanding experimental challenge. Concerning energy dispersion, the resonance generally occurs only at a specific energy with a narrow bandwidth. When the excited state of the magnon spontaneously decays into lower energy states, the absorption linewidth gets broader. Here, using electron spin resonance, we identify the specific absorption mode in a multiferroic material Sr
2
CoSi
2
O
7
with the spontaneous magnon decay accompanied by the maximum interference, achieving the broadband one-way transparency.
Fault material heterogeneity controls deep interplate earthquakes
Authors: Huang Yihe , Ide Satoshi , Kato Aitaro , Yoshida Keisuke , Jiang Chengxin , Zhai Peng
Published: February 2025

Earthquakes may seem random, but are often concentrated in some localized areas. Thus, they are likely controlled by fault materials and stress heterogeneity, which are little understood. Here, we provide high-resolution observations of fault material and stress heterogeneity in the Japan subduction zone through an integration of material and source imaging with numerical simulations. Our results present evidence for localized, anisotropic structures with a near-zero Poisson’s ratio in the medium surrounding 1 to 2 kilometer–sized earthquake clusters, suggesting that the fault medium is damaged, foliated, and enriched with fluid. Such localized structures may cause stress perturbations on faults that in turn favor the frequent occurrence of deep interplate earthquakes at depths of 60 to 70 kilometers. Therefore, identifying the distribution and properties of fault material heterogeneity is important for more informed assessment of earthquake hazards.
Leveraging nature’s nanocarriers: Translating insights from extracellular vesicles to biomimetic synthetic vesicles for biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Yunxi , Douanne Noélie , Wu Tad , Kaur Ishman , Tsering Thupten , Erzingatzian Armen , Nadeau Amélie , Juncker David , Nerguizian Vahé , Burnier Julia V.
Published: February 2025

Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) and synthetic nanoparticles like liposomes have revolutionized precision diagnostics and medicine. EVs excel in biocompatibility and cell targeting, while liposomes offer enhanced drug loading capacity and scalability. The clinical translation of EVs is hindered by challenges including low yield and heterogeneity, whereas liposomes face rapid immune clearance and limited targeting efficiency. To bridge these gaps, biomimetic synthetic vesicles (SVs) have emerged as innovative platforms, combining the advantageous properties of EVs and liposomes. This review emphasizes critical aspects of EV biology, such as mechanisms of EV-cell interaction and source-dependent functionalities in targeting, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration, informing biomimetic SV engineering. We reviewed a broad array of biomimetic SVs, with a focus on lipid bilayered vesicles functionalized with proteins. These include cell-derived nanovesicles, protein-functionalized liposomes, and hybrid vesicles. By addressing current challenges and highlighting opportunities, this review aims to advance biomimetic SVs for transformative biomedical applications.
Multidisciplinary evidence for synchroneity between Ontong Java Nui volcanism and early Aptian oceanic anoxic event 1a
Authors: Matsumoto Hironao , Shirai Kotaro , Ishikawa Akira , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Ogawa Nanako O. , Tejada Maria Luisa G. , Ando Atsushi , Kuroda Junichiro , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: February 2025

The volcanic episodes forming Ontong Java Nui (OJN) likely caused late Barremian to mid-Aptian paleoenvironmental perturbations, the most substantial of which was early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a (120 million years ago). However, recent estimates on younger OJN eruption ages cast doubt on the link between OJN volcanism and OAE1a. Here, we further demonstrate the synchroneity between OJN volcanism and OAE1a by refining the chronology of Pacific volcanogenic sedimentary records on Magellan Rise, nearby OJN, with detailed osmium and carbon isotopic stratigraphy. Our geochemical data reveal that a thick tuffaceous interval at this site was deposited during OAE1a. Furthermore, multisite compilation of osmium isotopes, Pacific volcanic ash beds, and paleontological data just above OJN basalts illustrate that explosive OJN eruptions spanned ~5 million years, peaking around OAE1a. Their synchroneity strongly indicates that OJN volcanism most likely caused OAE1a and relevant late Barremian to mid-Aptian environmental perturbations.
Cell type–specific 3D-genome organization and transcription regulation in the brain
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Wang Cosmos Yuqi , Zheng Pu , Jia Bojing Blair , Zemke Nathan R. , Ren Peter , Park Hannah L. , Ren Bing , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: February 2025

3D organization of the genome plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. How 3D-genome organization differs among different cell types and relates to cell type–dependent transcriptional regulation remains unclear. Here, we used genome-scale DNA and RNA imaging to investigate 3D-genome organization in transcriptionally distinct cell types in the mouse cerebral cortex. We uncovered a wide spectrum of differences in the nuclear architecture and 3D-genome organization among different cell types, ranging from the size of the cell nucleus to higher-order chromosome structures and radial positioning of chromatin loci within the nucleus. These cell type–dependent variations in nuclear architecture and chromatin organization exhibit strong correlations with both the total transcriptional activity of the cell and transcriptional regulation of cell type–specific marker genes. Moreover, we found that the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2 promotes active-inactive chromatin segregation and regulates transcription in a nuclear radial position–dependent manner that is highly correlated with its function in modulating active-inactive chromatin compartmentalization.
4D marmoset brain map reveals MRI and molecular signatures for onset of multiple sclerosis–like lesions
Authors: Lin Jing-Ping , Brake Alexis , Donadieu Maxime , Lee Amanda , Smith Ginger , Hu Kevin , Nair Govind , Kawaguchi Riki , Sati Pascal , Geschwind Daniel H. , Jacobson Steven , Schafer Dorothy P. , Reich Daniel S.
Published: February 2025

Inferring cellular and molecular dynamics of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions from postmortem tissue collected decades after onset is challenging. Using magnetic resonance image (MRI)–guided spatiotemporal RNA profiling in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), we mapped lesion dynamics and modeled molecular perturbations relevant to MS. Five distinct lesion microenvironments emerged, involving neuroglial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and brain border regulation. Before demyelination, MRI identified a high ratio of proton density–weighted signal to
T
1
relaxation time, capturing early hypercellularity, and elevated astrocytic and ependymal senescence signals marked perivascular and periventricular areas that later became demyelination hotspots. As lesions expanded, concentric glial barriers formed, initially dominated by proliferating and diversifying microglia and oligodendrocyte precursors, later replaced by monocytes and lymphocytes. We highlight SERPINE1
+
astrocytes as a signaling hub underlying lesion onset in both marmoset EAE and MS.
The behavioral mechanisms governing collective motion in swarming locusts
Authors: Sayin Sercan , Couzin-Fuchs Einat , Petelski Inga , Günzel Yannick , Salahshour Mohammad , Lee Chi-Yu , Graving Jacob M. , Li Liang , Deussen Oliver , Sword Gregory A. , Couzin Iain D.
Published: February 2025

Collective motion, which is ubiquitous in nature, has traditionally been explained by “self-propelled particle” models from theoretical physics. Here we show, through field, lab, and virtual reality experimentation, that classical models of collective behavior cannot account for how collective motion emerges in marching desert locusts, whose swarms affect the livelihood of millions. In contrast to assumptions made by these models, locusts do not explicitly align with neighbors. While individuals respond to moving-dot stimuli through the optomotor response, this innate behavior does not mediate social response to neighbors. Instead, locust marching behavior, across scales, can be explained by a minimal cognitive framework, which incorporates individuals’ neural representation of bearings to neighbors and internal consensus dynamics for making directional choices. Our findings challenge long-held beliefs about how order can emerge from disorder in animal collectives.
Berkelium–carbon bonding in a tetravalent berkelocene
Authors: Russo Dominic R. , Gaiser Alyssa N. , Price Amy N. , Sergentu Dumitru-Claudiu , Wacker Jennifer N. , Katzer Nicholas , Peterson Appie A. , Branson Jacob A. , Yu Xiaojuan , Kelly Sheridon N. , Ouellette Erik T. , Arnold John , Long Jeffrey R. , Lukens Wayne W. , Teat Simon J. , Abergel Rebecca J. , Arnold Polly L. , Autschbach Jochen , Minasian Stefan G.
Published: February 2025

Interest in actinide–carbon bonds has persisted since actinide organometallics were first investigated for applications in isotope separation during the Manhattan Project. Transplutonium organometallics are rarely isolated and structurally characterized, likely owing to limited isotope inventories, a scarcity of suitable laboratory infrastructure, and intrinsic difficulties with the anaerobic conditions required. Herein, we report the discovery of an organometallic “berkelocene” complex prepared from 0.3 milligrams of berkelium-249. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction shows a tetravalent berkelium ion between two substituted cyclooctatetraene ligands, resulting in the formation of berkelium–carbon bonds. The coordination in berkelocene resembles that of uranocene, and calculations show that the berkelium 5f orbitals engage in covalent overlap with the δ-symmetry orbitals of the cyclooctatetraenide ligand π system. Charge transfer from the ligands is diminished relative to uranocene and other actinocenes, which maximizes contributions from the stable, half-filled 5f
7
configuration of tetravalent berkelium.
Nitrogen dominates global atmospheric organic aerosol absorption
Authors: Li Yumin , Fu Tzung-May , Yu Jian Zhen , Zhang Aoxing , Yu Xu , Ye Jianhuai , Zhu Lei , Shen Huizhong , Wang Chen , Yang Xin , Tao Shu , Chen Qi , Li Ying , Li Lei , Che Huizheng , Heald Colette L.
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric organic aerosols (OAs) influence Earth’s climate by absorbing sunlight. However, the link between their evolving composition and their absorptive effects is unclear. We demonstrate that brown nitrogen (BrN), the absorptive nitrogenous component of OAs, dominates their global absorption. Using a global model, we quantified BrN abundance, tracked its optical evolution with chemical aging, and assessed its radiative absorption. BrN contributes 76% of OAs’ surface light absorption over the US and 61% of their global absorptive optical depth. Moreover, the observed variability of OAs’ absorptive capacity is primarily driven by the sources and aging of BrN. BrN represents 18% of the global absorptive direct radiative effect of carbonaceous aerosols, with biomass burning being the largest contributor. Our research establishes a nitrogen-centric framework for attributing the climate impacts of OAs.
Visualizing nanoparticle surface dynamics and instabilities enabled by deep denoising
Authors: Crozier Peter A. , Leibovich Matan , Haluai Piyush , Tan Mai , Thomas Andrew M. , Vincent Joshua , Mohan Sreyas , Marcos Morales Adria , Kulkarni Shreyas A. , Matteson David S. , Wang Yifan , Fernandez-Granda Carlos
Published: February 2025

Materials functionalities may be associated with atomic-level structural dynamics occurring on the millisecond timescale. However, the capability of electron microscopy to image structures with high spatial resolution and millisecond temporal resolution is often limited by poor signal-to-noise ratios. With an unsupervised deep denoising framework, we observed metal nanoparticle surfaces (platinum nanoparticles on cerium oxide) in a gas environment with time resolutions down to 10 milliseconds at a moderate electron dose. On this timescale, many nanoparticle surfaces continuously transition between ordered and disordered configurations. Stress fields can penetrate below the surface, leading to defect formation and destabilization, thus making the nanoparticle fluxional. Combining this unsupervised denoiser with in situ electron microscopy greatly improves spatiotemporal characterization, opening a new window for the exploration of atomic-level structural dynamics in materials.
The air as ecosystem
Air-Borne: The Hidden History of the Life We Breathe
Carl Zimmer
Dutton, 2025. 496 pp.
Authors: Lents Nathan H.
Published: February 2025

We ignore the organisms that swirl around us at our peril
Quantum interference observed in state-resolved molecule-surface scattering
Authors: Reilly Christopher S. , Auerbach Daniel J. , Zhang Liang , Guo Hua , Beck Rainer D.
Published: February 2025

Although the dynamics of collisions between a molecule and a solid surface are ultimately quantum mechanical, decohering effects owing to the large number of interacting degrees of freedom typically obscure the wavelike nature of these events. However, a partial decoupling of internal molecular motion from external degrees of freedom can reveal striking interference effects despite significant momentum exchange between the molecule and the bath of surface vibrations. We report state-prepared and state-resolved measurements of methane scattering from a room-temperature gold surface that demonstrate total destructive interference between molecular states related by a reflection symmetry operation. High-contrast interference effects prevail for all processes investigated, including vibrationally excited and vibrationally inelastic collisions. The results demonstrate the distinctly quantum mechanical effect of discrete symmetries in molecular collision dynamics.