bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Transcardiac Perfusion for More Accurately Evaluating Biodistribution of Large Molecules
Authors: Xie Zuoxu , Guo Annie , Kadakia Ekta
Published: November 2024

The accurate assessment of drug concentrations in biodistribution studies is crucial for evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of compounds in drug development. As the concentration of biologics in plasma can be higher than in tissue due to their potentially low volume of distribution, transcardiac perfusion is commonly employed to reduce the influence of excess drugs in residual blood. However, there is a lack of consistency in the literature on the conditions and methods of perfusion. To enhance blood removal during transcardiac perfusion, sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a vasodilator, has been widely used with concentrations up to 5% in publications. However, we found that such high NaNO2 could disrupt the BBB during perfusion, which should be avoided in experiments. In this study, we examined the impact of various vasodilators on blood–brain barrier integrity and vascular permeability using the ratio of FITC-Dextran to Texas Red-Dextran (FITC/Texas Red). Additionally, we optimized perfusion conditions—including euthanasia method and perfusion flow rate—based on hemoglobin levels and the FITC/Texas Red ratio in tissues. Despite the superiority of NaNO2 in terms of solubility and cost over other vasodilators, we found that 2% NaNO2 disrupted blood–brain barrier integrity, significantly altering the FITC/Texas Red ratio. In contrast, 100 mM NaNO2 did not significantly affect this ratio. Moreover, under Ketamine/Xylazine (Ket/Xyl) anesthesia, which reduced blood clot formation compared to CO2 euthanasia, 100 mM NaNO2 achieved the lowest hemoglobin levels in the brain. Compared to other vasodilators and the PBS control group, 100 mM NaNO2 decreased the tissue/plasma ratio (Kp,t) but not brain/plasma ratio (Kp,b) of hIgG1 and human transferrin. We have developed a method to efficiently evaluate blood–brain barrier integrity during transcardiac perfusion. The combination of Ket/Xyl anesthesia and 100 mM NaNO2 effectively removes residual blood from tissues without significantly affecting blood vessel permeability.
EphA2 in Cancer: Molecular Complexity and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Toracchio Lisa , Carrabotta Marianna , Mancarella Caterina , Morrione Andrea , Scotlandi Katia
Published: November 2024

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a member of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family that has been linked to various biological processes. In tumors, EphA2 overexpression is associated with noncanonical pathway activation, tumor progression, and a poor prognosis, which has emphasized its importance as a marker of malignancy. Studies on numerous cancer models have highlighted EphA2’s dual and often contradictory action, which can be attributed to EphA2′s interactions involving multiple pathways and different ligands, as well as the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms underlying EphA2 dysregulation in cancer, highlighting its molecular complexity. Then, we analyze therapies that have been developed over time to counteract its action. We discuss the limitations of the described approaches, emphasizing the fact that the goal of new options is high specificity without losing therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, immunotherapy or the emerging field of targeted protein degradation with proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) may represent a promising solution that can be developed based on a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms sustaining EphA2 oncogenic activity.
Abnormalities of Oocyte Maturation: Mechanisms and Implications
Authors: Baldini Giorgio Maria , Lot Dario , Malvasi Antonio , Laganà Antonio Simone , Vimercati Antonella , Dellino Miriam , Cicinelli Ettore , Baldini Domenico , Trojano Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

The elucidation of oocyte maturation mechanisms is paramount for advancing embryo development within the scope of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Both cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation represent intricate processes governed by tightly regulated cellular pathways, which are essential for ensuring the oocyte’s competence for fertilization and subsequent embryogenesis. A comprehensive grasp of these mechanisms is vital, as the maturation stage of the oocyte significantly influences chromosomal integrity, spindle formation, and its ability to support the initial stages of embryonic development. By leveraging this knowledge, we can enhance in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols, refining ovarian stimulation regimens and culture conditions to improve oocyte quality. This, in turn, has the potential to boost pregnancy rates and outcomes. Further research in this area will contribute to the development of novel interventions that aim to increase the efficacy of preimplantation embryonic development, offering new opportunities for individuals undergoing fertility treatments.
Synergistic Effects of Dietary Tryptophan and Dip Vaccination in the Immune Response of European Seabass Juveniles
Authors: Peixoto Diogo , Carvalho Inês , Cunha André , Santos Paulo , Ramos-Pinto Lourenço , Machado Marina , Azeredo Rita , Costas Benjamín
Published: November 2024

Vaccination is an effective, cost-efficient method to preventing disease outbreaks. However, vaccine procedures can induce adverse reactions due to stress, increasing plasma cortisol in the short term. In this context, tryptophan may prove to be fundamental as it has been demonstrated to have various desirable neuroendocrine attributes in different fish species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate both short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation on European seabass juveniles’ (26.23 ± 7.22 g) response to vaccination and disease resistance to Tenacibaculum maritimum. The short-term tryptophan-fed fish exhibited increased hepatic superoxide dismutase and plasma cortisol levels, along with the downregulation of immune-related genes. Despite these changes, disease resistance was unaffected. When fish were later dip vaccinated, tryptophan prevented the stress-induced plasma cortisol increase and upregulated the gene expression of igm, suggesting tryptophan’s role in enhancing vaccination efficiency by counteracting stress-associated effects. In the long term, the lowest supplementation dose counteracted vaccine-mediated reduced gene expression, and fish fed this diet showed a more modest molecular response. Overall, the findings suggest a complex interplay between tryptophan supplementation, immune responses, and vaccine efficiency in fish. Further research is necessary to clarify how tryptophan could consistently improve vaccine efficiency in aquaculture.
Supplemental Low-Irradiance Mono/Polychromatic LED Lighting Significantly Enhances Floral Biology of the Long-Day F1 Hybrid Strawberry ‘Soraya’ (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Durner Edward
Published: November 2024

Floral and vegetative responses of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) to specific light wavelengths are not well documented. LED lights make it feasible for precise exposure to specific wavelengths during a 24 h cycle to alter growth responses regulated by phytochromes and cryptochromes and thereby potentially enhance fruit productivity in both a controlled environment and field systems or to enhance stolon production for controlled environment propagation. This research developed a systematic method to assess the effects of supplemental, low-irradiance LED lighting on strawberry flowering and vegetative biology. Growth of the long-day F1 seed-propagated cultivar ‘Soraya’ was evaluated during and following 6 or 12 weeks of exposure to supplemental red (660 nm), far-red (730 nm), blue (454 nm), or incandescent lighting at various times during the dark period of a 24 h cycle under a 10 h non-inductive photoperiod at non-inductive temperatures (>27/18 °C, day/night). Treatment effects were monitored via flower mapping and phenology during treatment, field and greenhouse production after treatment, and floral scores derived by ranking treatment effects within the evaluation method and then combining them into a single, simple score. The most promising treatment for enhancing the floral nature of plug plants was exposure to far-red + red light as a 5 h night interruption. This treatment increased inflorescence production in the greenhouse by 285% and resulted in multi-branched, floral plants with the potential for enhancing yield in either greenhouse or field production. Greenhouse runner production increased by 483% following exposure to incandescent lighting at the beginning of the dark period; thus, this treatment or one using a spectral distribution similar to incandescent may be suitable for enhancing vegetative propagation in controlled environments.
Algorithm of High-Risk Massive Pulmonary Thromboembolism with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Baran Cagdas , Kayan Ahmet , Baran Canan Soykan
Published: November 2024

Objective: Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a life-threatening condition, often leading to acute respiratory and cardiac failure. This study evaluates the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a supportive treatment for high-risk patients undergoing surgical pulmonary embolectomy or catheter-based thrombectomy. Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2023, 27 patients with high-risk massive PE were treated at our center. Surgical embolectomy (n = 7) and catheter-based thrombectomy (n = 5) were performed, with ECMO support (veno-arterial [VA] or veno-arterial-venous [VAV]) initiated preoperatively, intraoperatively, or postoperatively, based on hemodynamic instability. ECMO was used as a bridge to recovery, and outcomes were assessed in terms of mortality, hemodynamic stabilization, and recovery. Results: Of the 27 patients, 20 were supported with ECMO, with 7 requiring VA-ECMO intraoperatively due to difficulties in weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Nine patients were later transitioned to VAV-ECMO due to Harlequin syndrome and persistent hemodynamic instability. The in-hospital mortality rate was 18.5% (n = 5), with survivors showing significant improvements in hemodynamic and biochemical parameters post-ECMO, including reduced lactate levels, improved right ventricular function, and the stabilization of mean arterial pressure. The mean follow-up time was 10.2 ± 3.9 months, with no late deaths or complications observed. Conclusions: ECMO provides effective life support in high-risk patients with massive PE who are undergoing surgical embolectomy or thrombectomy. It stabilizes hemodynamics, improves cardiac and pulmonary function, and facilitates recovery in critically ill patients. Further research is needed to refine patient selection, optimize ECMO timing, and assess long-term outcomes to determine its definitive role in the management of high-risk PE.
Effectiveness of a Complementary Telehealth Education Program as a Preventive Treatment for Chronic Migraine: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Cordova-Alegre Paula , Herrero Pablo , Santos-Lasaosa Sonia , Navarro-Perez Maria Pilar , Carpallo-Porcar Beatriz , Calvo Sandra , Jimenez-Sanchez Carolina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic migraine (CM) is a neurological disorder that causes significant disability, loss of productivity, and economic burden. Preventive treatments, including pharmacological and educational interventions, are crucial for managing CM effectively. The aim of this study was to analyze whether adding a therapeutic telehealth education program (TTEP) to pharmacological treatment achieved a greater reduction in the number of headache days experienced by patients with CM. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study with two parallel groups was performed. Patients with a diagnosis of CM and who were being treated with Botulinum Toxin were randomly assigned to either the EG (therapeutic education program about the neuroscience of pain, migraine, pain strategies, sleep habits, exercise, nutrition, postural habits, and relaxation strategies) or CG (general health recommendations with no specific content about migraine). The intervention lasted a total of eight weeks and was delivered via a telehealth application (APP). Headache frequency, migraine frequency, pain intensity, headache impact, allodynia, fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, chronic pain self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, sleep quality, and sedentary lifestyle were measured at baseline (M0), one month after the intervention started (M1), at the end of the intervention (M2), and one month after the intervention was completed for follow-up (M3). Results: In total, 48 patients participated. There were differences between the groups in the following outcomes in favor of EG for headache frequency at the one-month follow-up (p = 0.03; d = 0.681); chronic pain self-efficacy at post-treatment (p = 0.007; d = 0.885) and at the one-month follow-up (p < 0.001; d = 0.998); and sleep quality at post-treatment (p = 0.013; d = 0.786) and at the one-month follow-up (p < 0.001; d = 1.086). No differences existed between the groups for the other outcomes examined (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of TTEP reduced the number of headache days, improved sleep quality, and increased self-efficacy in managing pain. This pilot study suggests that the addition of a specialized TTPE to pharmacological treatments may be more effective than a general health recommendation program for migraine.
Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine Combination in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: Update on Clinical Failures in Africa and Tools for Surveillance
Authors: Delandre Océane , Pradines Bruno , Javelle Emilie
Published: November 2024

Dihydroartemisinin (or artenimol)–piperaquine is one of the six artemisinin-based combination therapies recommended in uncomplicated malaria treatment. However, artemisinin partial resistance has been reported in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, India, and, recently, in Africa. Polymorphisms in the Pfk13 gene have been described as molecular markers of artemisinin resistance and the amplification of the plasmepsine II/III (Pfpmp2/Pfpmp3) gene has been associated with piperaquine resistance. However, some therapeutic failures with this combination remain unexplained by strains’ characterization. We provide an overview on the use of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine in malaria treatment and discuss tools available to monitor its efficacy.
Development of a Physiotherapist-Coordinated Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Intervention for People with Suspected Axial Spondyloarthritis: The SPINCODE Rehabilitation Intervention
Authors: Knak Kirsten Lykke , Primdahl Jette , Kröber Georg , Fongen Camilla , Graversgaard John , Bremander Ann
Published: November 2024

Background: People with early axial spondyloarthritis experience a diagnostic delay and a similar disease burden as people with axial spondyloarthritis at a later stage of the disease. In many European countries, patients with early axial spondyloarthritis do not have access to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation team. The objective of this study was to develop a new evidence-based physiotherapist-coordinated interdisciplinary rehabilitation intervention for individuals suspected of axial spondyloarthritis. This development of the rehabilitation intervention is part of the SPINCODE project which focusses on early diagnosis and treatment for people with axial spondyloarthritis. Methods: The development of the intervention encompasses: (i) identifying the evidence base and program theories; (ii) modeling and remodeling the intervention; and (iii) describing the developed intervention. Results: The six-month SPINCODE rehabilitation intervention is a physiotherapist-coordinated, interdisciplinary, outpatient rehabilitation intervention at a specialized rheumatology hospital. The intervention consists of: (i) individual physiotherapist-coordinated consultations with assessment, goal setting, tailored physical activity support, and the defined goals, and coordination across the interdisciplinary team at the hospital and across primary and secondary healthcare levels; (ii) group sessions, encompassing patient education and peer support; and (iii) optional individual support from the interdisciplinary team. Physiotherapists from private care working with the patient enrolled in the SPINCODE study are offered digital support from the hospital-based physiotherapists. Conclusions: The developed physiotherapist-led interdisciplinary SPINCODE rehabilitation intervention is ready for feasibility testing.
Impaired Kidney Function and 10-Year Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—Interaction with Age, Sex, Diabetic Status and Clinical Presentation
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Kufner Sebastian , Cassese Salvatore , Joner Michael , Sager Hendrik B. , Xhepa Erion , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan
Published: November 2024

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with long-term outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to assess the association of CKD with 10-year outcome after PCI. Methods: This study included 5571 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing PCI. Patients were categorized in groups according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values: eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, (normal kidney function), 60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (mild kidney impairment), 30 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe kidney impairment) and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (severe kidney impairment). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 10 years. Results: All-cause deaths occurred in 155 patients (86.3%) with eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, 602 patients (59.1%) with eGFR 30 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 775 patients (31.3%) with eGFR 60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 220 patients (15.8%) with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.84 to 2.54, p < 0.001, for 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrement in the eGFR). There were CKD-by-age (Pint < 0.001) and CKD–by-clinical presentation (Pint = 0.017) interactions showing a stronger association of CKD with mortality in younger patients and those presenting with acute coronary syndromes. The C statistic of the multivariable model for mortality increased from 0.748 [0.737–0.759] to 0.766 [0.755–0.777] (p < 0.001) after the inclusion of eGFR in the model. Conclusions: In patients with CAD undergoing PCI, CKD was associated with higher mortality at 10 years compared with patients with preserved renal function. The association between CKD and mortality was stronger in patients of younger age and those presenting with acute coronary syndromes.
Measuring Raven’s Progressive Matrices Combining Eye-Tracking Technology and Machine Learning (ML) Models
Authors: Ma Shumeng , Jia Ning
Published: November 2024

Extended testing time in Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) can lead to increased fatigue and reduced motivation, which may impair cognitive task performance. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in RPM by combining eye-tracking technology with machine learning (ML) models, aiming to explore new methods for improving the efficiency of RPM testing and to identify the key metrics involved. Using eye-tracking metrics as features, ten ML models were trained, with the XGBoost model demonstrating superior performance. Notably, we further refined the period of interest and reduced the number of metrics, achieving strong performance, with accuracy, precision, and recall all above 0.8, using only 60% of the response time and nine eye-tracking metrics. This study also examines the role of several key metrics in RPM and offers valuable insights for future research.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Coupling Relationship Between Urban Infrastructure and Land Utilization in a Shrinking City: A Case Study of Hegang, Northeast China
Authors: Huang Siyi , Lyu Yuefeng , Shi Haokun , Wu Cifang
Published: November 2024

Globally, urbanization is accelerating, with China witnessing a significant 40% rise in urbanization rate over the past 4 decades. However, the dynamic changes in the spatial coupling between infrastructure and utilization intensity during the early, middle, and late stages of urbanization are not clear. The trajectory of development and coupling within the urbanization process is crucial for understanding issues such as urban over-saturation and urban shrinkage. Using Hegang in Northeastern China as an example, we utilized high-resolution remote sensing data, examined the construction intensity of urban land use, analyzed the degree of coupling with utilization efficiency, and clarified the dynamic evolution of the binary relationship system between development and coupling. Results show that Hegang’s construction intensity has seen a continuous rise from 1992 to 2000, with a 200.06% increase over 28 years, while its coupling with utilization efficiency has experienced a significant drop in the 21st century, suggesting a persistent decline in the utilization of buildings and a notable urban shrinkage phenomenon. Considering development status and coupling degree, we delineate a characteristic urbanization state curve for Hegang, reflecting its progression through stages of “Underdeveloped, Highly coupled,” to “Underdeveloped, Weakly coupled”, and finally to “Highly developed, Weakly coupled”, offering insights into its urban development path. This research not only establishes a foundational data groundwork for future land-use planning in Hegang but also presents a replicable template for urbanization path analysis in other cities, contributing to a broader understanding of urban development dynamics.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae in Women of Childbearing Age Presenting Urinary Tract Infections from Western Romania
Authors: Marc Constantin Catalin , Susan Monica , Sprintar Sergiu Adrian , Licker Monica , Oatis Daniela Adriana , Marti Daniela Teodora , Susan Razvan , Nicolescu Laura Corina , Mihu Alin Gabriel , Olariu Tudor Rares , Muntean Delia
Published: November 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection in women of childbearing age. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus—GBS), a rare causative pathogen of UTIs in this population, is particularly important due to the potential risk during pregnancy, when it can lead to life-threatening neonatal infections. The current study analyzed 17,273 urine samples collected from consecutive women aged 18–45 years from Arad County, Western Romania. A total of 2772 samples tested positive for UTIs. In 130 cases, GBS was identified as the causative agent. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women aged 25–34 years were more likely to test positive for GBS than those aged 18–24 years (cOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.43, p = 0.03). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all GBS strains were fully sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin. High resistance was observed for clindamycin (77.34%) and tetracycline (88.46%). While GBS was found to be a rare pathogen in UTIs, our results underscore the importance of monitoring GBS in women of childbearing age, especially due to its risks during pregnancy, and emphasize the need for appropriate antibiotic management.
An Investigation on the High-Temperature Stability and Tribological Properties of Impregnated Graphite
Authors: Zhao Juying , Xin Qi , Pang Yunshuang , Ning Xiao , Kong Lingcheng , Hu Guangyang , Liu Ying , Chen Haosheng , Li Yongjian
Published: November 2024

Impregnated graphite is a common material for friction pairs in aeroengine seals, especially at high temperatures. For the convenience of the application of graphite materials in aeroengines, an SRV-4 tribometer and a synchronous thermal analyzer are employed to study the tribological properties and thermal stability of pure, resin-impregnated, metal-impregnated, and phosphate-impregnated graphite against stainless steel from room temperature to 500 °C. The results indicate that impregnations can improve the wear resistance and thermal stability of graphite at high temperatures. Compared with other impregnated graphite materials, the resin-impregnated graphite shows a good friction coefficient and poor wear rate and thermal stability over 300 °C, due to the degradation and oxidation of the resin-and-graphite matrix. The metal- and phosphate-impregnated graphite materials exhibit excellent wear resistance and thermal stability under 500 °C as a result of the protection of the impregnations, while the average friction coefficient of the metal-impregnated graphite is much greater than the phosphate-impregnated graphite, and even reaches 2.14-fold at 300 °C. The wear rates for the graphite impregnated with resin, metal, and phosphate are 235 × 10−7, 7 × 10−7, and 16 × 10−7 mm3N−1m−1 at 500 °C, respectively. Considering all aspects, the phosphate-impregnated graphite exhibits excellent tribological properties and thermal stability.
Effect of Laser Power on Weld Formability and Residual Stress of Unequal Thickness 410 Ferritic Stainless Steel/RCL540 Low-Carbon Alloy Steel
Authors: Wang Yubo , Liu Wei , Gong Wenbiao , Wang Yao , Lü Peng
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the butt joint of unequal thickness 410 ferritic stainless steel and RCL540 low-carbon alloy steel sheets are realized by laser welding. The effects of different laser powers on weld formability, mechanical properties, and residual stress in the welding process are investigated. It is observed that with increasing laser power, the heat accumulates at the bottom of the molten pool and weld metal, causing the ratios of upper and lower melt widths to decrease. The tensile test results show that all specimens fractured in the weak zone of the base metal on the stainless steel side at 10 mm from the weld seam. The residual stress distributions of the specimens are calculated using ABAQUS 2022 software and compared with the measurements of the blind-hole method. It is found that the stainless steel side produces tensile stresses, with the power increase offset by compressive stresses in the base metal. When the laser power is 1200 W, the welded joint has the best weld formability and mechanical properties and the least residual stress. The upper and lower melt width ratio is 1.17, the maximum microhardness of the weld metal is 374.7 HV, the maximum test force and tensile strength are 5617.5 N and 468.12 MPa, respectively, and the minimum values of the transverse and longitudinal stresses are −45.8 MPa and −106.4 MPa, respectively.
The Adsorption of Arsenate and Arsenite Ions on Oxidic Substrates Prepared with a Variable-Charge Lithological Material
Authors: Ren Xinyao , Wang Enju , Millán Fernando , Prato José G. , Senilă Marin , Márquez Chacón Andrés Eduardo , González Luisa Carolina , Santillán Lima Guido P. , Silva Padilla Carla
Published: November 2024

The adsorption of As(V) and As(III) (0.01–1 mM) on a calcined oxidic lithologic material substrate with pH-dependent surface variable charges, chemically modifiable, was investigated. The substrate was prepared via thermal treatment using a natural lithologic material rich in amphoteric oxides of Fe, Al, Mn and Ti. The calcined substrate was treated with acid media (HCl 0.1) to homogenize the positive charge density on the oxide surface via oxide protonation so that anion adsorption would be favored. A batch experiment was performed on the acid-treated substrate (activated) and non-activated substrate. L-type isotherms were obtained, which fit the Freundlich model. Isotherm constants showed that there was a greater affinity between the activated substrate and As(V) (K = 10.58) compared to As(III) (K = 5.45). The adsorption capacity of the activated substrate was two times greater than that of the non-activated substrate, As(V) (Kact = 10.58 and Knoact = 5.45) vs. As(III) (Kact = 5.45 y Knoact = 2.44), which was due to the greater positive charge density on the activated surface, created by the protonation of the surface oxides. Protons were liberated during the adsorption reaction (As(V): 2.17 × 10−3 and As(III): 0.96 × 10−3 mmol/mL). The forms H2AsO4− and H3AsO3 deprotonated when adsorbed by the surface groups M-OH2+ (M: Fe, Al). Kinetic data showed a second-order process for As(V) adsorption and a first-order process for As(III) adsorption. The adsorption rate on the activated substrate was two times greater compared with the non-activated substrate: As(V) (kact = 3.78 × 10−5 L/mg·min and knoact = 2.16 × 10−5 L/mg·min) vs. As(III) (kact = 0.055 h−1 and knoact = 0.027 h−1). The tested substrate is potentially useful as a low-cost natural material for arsenic removal from contaminated water.
Biological Activity of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: A Critical Review
Authors: Boschetto Francesco , Rondinella Alfredo , Marin Elia
Published: November 2024

The commercial use of Si3N4 ceramics in the biomedical field dates back to the early 1980s and, initially, did not show promising results, which is why their biocompatibility was not then investigated further until about 10 years later. Over the years, a change in trend has been observed; more and more studies have shown that this material could possess high biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. However, the relevant literature struggles to find mechanisms that can incontrovertibly explain the reasons behind the biological activity of Si3N4. The proposed mechanisms are often pure hypotheses or are not substantiated by comprehensive analyses. This review begins by studying the early references to the biological activity of Si3N4 and then reviews the literature regarding the bioactivity of this ceramic over time. An examination of the early insights into surface chemistry and biocompatibility lays the foundation for a detailed examination of the chemical reactions that Si3N4 undergoes in biological environments. Next, the analysis focuses on the mechanisms of bioactivity and antipathogenicity that the material exhibits both alone and in combination with modern bioglass. However, it is highlighted that despite the general consensus on the biocompatibility and bioactivity of Si3N4 ceramics, sometimes the proposed biological mechanisms behind its behavior are discordant or unsupported by the direct evaluation of specific biochemical activities. This review highlights both the reliable information in the literature and the gaps in research that need to be filled in order to fully understand the reasons behind the biological properties of this material.
The Critical Role of Trace Elements in Bone Health
Authors: Li Miaoqian , Deng Feidan , Qiao Lichun , Wen Xinyue , Han Jing
Published: November 2024

Trace elements are essential for human physiology and crucial in maintaining bone health and regulating bone metabolism [...]
Resveratrol and Its Derivatives Diminish Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes In Vitro—Mechanism of Action and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Sikur Noémi , Böröczky Csenge , Paszternák Alexandra , Gyöngyössy Ramá , Szökő Éva , Varga Kamilla , Tábi Tamás
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Expansion of white adipose tissue causes systemic inflammation and increased risk of metabolic diseases due to its endocrine function. Resveratrol was suggested to be able to prevent obesity-related disorders by mimicking caloric restriction; however, its structure–activity relationships and molecular targets are still unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol and its analogues on adipocyte metabolism and lipid accumulation in vitro. Methods: Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were differentiated to adipocytes in the absence or presence of resveratrol or its derivatives (oxyresveratrol, monomethylated resveratrol, or trimethylated resveratrol). Intracellular lipid content was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Glucose uptake and its response to insulin were estimated by 2-NBDG, and mitochondrial activity was assayed via resazurin reduction. Involvement of potential molecular pathways was investigated by concurrent treatment with their inhibitors. Results: Although lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by all analogues without altering protein content, oxyresveratrol was the most potent (IC50 = 4.2 μM), while the lowest potency was observed with trimethylated resveratrol (IC50 = 27.4 μM). Increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was restored by each analogue with comparable efficiency. The enhanced mitochondrial activity was normalized by resveratrol and its methylated derivatives, while oxyresveratrol had a minor impact on it. Among the examined pathways, inhibition of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and JNK diminished the lipid-reducing effect of the compounds. Autophagy appeared to play a key role in the effect of all compounds but oxyresveratrol. Conclusions: Resveratrol and its analogues can mimic caloric restriction with complex mechanisms, including activation of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and JNK, making them possible drug candidates to treat obesity-related diseases.
Evaluation of Maternal Factors Affecting Postpartum Insulin Resistance Markers in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes—A Case–Control Study
Authors: Karcz Karolina , Gaweł Paulina , Królak-Olejnik Barbara
Published: November 2024

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined by an insufficient insulin response to counteract the insulin resistance (IR) that arises from the physiological adaptations associated with pregnancy. However, the pathophysiology of IR is complex and unclear, as it encompasses elements such as epigenetics, environmental factors, modifiable lifestyle factors, and psychosocial factors. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of GDM and other maternal factors on IR markers in comparison to mothers with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy in the first week postpartum. Material and Methods: The study population comprised 70 participants, including mothers with gestational diabetes who were treated with a diet and physical activity (GDM G1), with insulin (GDM G2), and a control group of healthy mothers without gestational diabetes (non-GDM). A series of statistical techniques were employed to facilitate the comparison of data between the study groups, with the objective of identifying potential associations with maternal factors. A taxonomic analysis was conducted using the following factors: classification by study group, a history of hypothyroidism in the maternal medical interview, and maternal gestational weight gain, which were identified as the best-fitting predictors. Results: The analysis resulted in the identification of four clusters of patients. Comparison of the insulin resistance markers between mothers assigned to the abovementioned clusters showed differences in the incidence of excessive weight loss and in the results of glucose screening tests during pregnancy. Also, differences concerning fasting glucose levels in the first and second/third trimesters of pregnancy and glucose levels at 1 h post-OGTT were found. For the clusters, the results of the HOMA-IR and the QUICKI did not show any differences in the first week after delivery (p > 0.05). HbA1c results varied significantly. Conclusions: Degree of glucose metabolism disorders, hypothyroidism, and weight gain in pregnancy influence maternal insulin resistance markers in the first week postpartum. Additionally, gestational weight fluctuation has a significant influence on the outcome of pregnancy, particularly with regard to fetal growth and, consequently, the infant’s birth weight and adipose tissue accumulation.
Effects of Responsiveness and Responsibility Parenting Factors on Family Mealtime Outcomes in Overweight African American Adolescents
Authors: Loncar Haylee , Sweeney Allison M. , White Taylor , Quattlebaum Mary , Wilson Dawn K.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Family meals have been shown to be an important protective factor for positive health outcomes. This study assessed the associations of parenting factors with family mealtime among overweight African American adolescents over a period of 4 months. It was hypothesized that increases in warm and responsive parenting (parental responsiveness, parental responsibility) would be associated with increased frequency and quality of family mealtimes, while more demanding and controlling parenting (parental demandingness, parental monitoring) would be associated with a reduced frequency and quality of family mealtimes over time. Methods: Data from baseline to 16 weeks were collected from 241 African American adolescent–parent dyads (adolescent: Mage = 12.8 ± 1.7 years; 64% female; MBMI%= 96.6 ± 4.2) that participated in the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss randomized controlled trial. Results: Multilevel models revealed significant positive main effects of parental responsiveness and parental responsibility (p < 0.05) on the increased frequency of family meals (p < 0.01). Significant two-way interactions also showed that parental responsiveness (p < 0.05) predicted improved quality of family mealtimes, whereas parental demandingness (p < 0.01) predicted reduced quality of family mealtimes from baseline to 16 weeks. Conclusions: Results from this study have important implications for African American adolescent obesity prevention and future family-based intervention program guidelines.
Protective Effects of Isostrictiniin Against High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet-Induced Steatosis in MASLD Mice via Regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC Pathway
Authors: Yan Qi , Li Chenyang , Li Jinfeng , Yao Yuhan , Zhao Jun
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Isostrictiniin (ITN), a natural polyphenol extracted from Nymphaea candida (snow-white waterlily), has antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities that may be beneficial in treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ITN on high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced steatosis in MASLD mice and its mechanisms. Methods: Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control and HFSD groups. After being fed for 4 weeks, the HFSD group was randomly divided into model, atorvastatin calcium (ATC; 10 mg/kg), and ITN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) groups. After continued feeding for 4 weeks, the biochemical indexes in the mice were determined. Results: Compared with the model group, the liver index; FBG; HOMA-IR; serum AST, ALT, TG, TC, and LDL-C; and liver MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in the ITN (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and ATC (10 mg/kg) groups were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while serum HDL-C and liver SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased (p < 0.05). Pathological observation showed that ITN treatment mitigated the lipid liver deposition in the HFSD mice. Moreover, ITN could upregulate liver-tissue p-AMPK/AMPK protein expression in the HFSD-induced MASLD mice and downregulate SREBP-1c and ACC levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ITN can significantly improve MASLD mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c/ACC pathway.
Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Clonorchis sinensis: An In Silico Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinhui , Lan Zhuo , Wei Wei , Zhang Aihui , Qiu Hongyu , Gao Junfeng , Wang Chunren
Published: November 2024

Clonorchis sinensis is an important zoonotic parasite that is mainly prevalent in China, Korea, Vietnam and the Russian Far East. To explore the genetic variation and population structure of C. sinensis, an in silico analysis was conducted based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences. The sequences obtained from NCBI were truncated for further analyses, including haplotype network, phylogenetic, gene flow, diversity and neutrality analyses. The results showed that there were 20, 11 and 4 haplotypes for COX1, ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. The results of both the haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the haplotypes for each type of sequence from the same country were not all clustered together. Haplotype diversity values were all lower than 0.5. Values of nucleotide diversity were higher than 0.005, except for ITS2. Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values were all negative, and p-values showed significant differences, indicating that the population of C. sinensis is growing. Fst values were all lower than 0.05. In conclusion, this study found that there are specific variations of C. sinensis in different countries, and the population of this parasite is growing with less genetic variation. The findings provide a crucial foundation for understanding the molecular epidemiology and population dynamics of C. sinensis.
Meeting the Demand for Different Nitrogen Forms in Potato Plants Without the Use of Nitrification Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Shi Xiaohua , Chen Yang , Yu Jing , Qin Yonglin , Jia Liguo , Fan Mingshou
Published: November 2024

The preference of potato plants for specific nitrogen (N) form changes with growth stage. Potato plants prefer nitrate N before tuber formation, while they favor ammonium N after tuber formation. However, few studies have focused on N species management in potato production. In this study, 2-year field experiments were conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Inner Mongolia, China, under drip irrigation with four N treatments: (1) CK (no N was used), (2) conventional farming practices (F) (urea was the only N source applied for potato growth), (3) nitrate N supplied before tuber formation and ammonium N with nitrification inhibitor supplied after tuber formation (N-NI), and (4) nitrate N supplied before tuber formation and frequent, low-dose ammonium N applied after tuber formation (Opt). The results demonstrated that, compared with the F, the Opt treatment facilitated potato N uptake, with a 33–40% increase in plant N accumulation, and significantly increased potato growth, which ultimately resulted in a yield increase of 12–20% and an increase of 11–22 percentage units in NUE. In addition, the Opt treatment reduced the soil N residual by ~14% after harvest. Compared with the N-NI, the Opt treatment did not result in a decrease in tuber yield or NUE. Therefore, supplying nitrate N before tuber formation and frequent, low-dose ammonium N after tuber formation can result in a better match between the supply and demand of potato plants for N forms without the use of nitrification inhibitors, improving both potato yield and NUE, which is of substantial agronomic and environmental value.
Exploring the Correlation Between Salt Tolerance and Seed Nutritional Value of Different Quinoa Genotypes Grown Under Saharan Climatic Conditions
Authors: Goussi Rahma , Jouira Hatem Ben , Zidane Ouiza Djerroudi , Essemine Jemaa , Khaled Halima , Mohamed Salma Nait , Smida Malek , Azib Salim , Telli Alia , Manaa Arafet
Published: November 2024

Quinoa is an annual pseudocereal highly adapted to extreme environments and has become, at this point in time, an extremely popular food due to its exceptional and high nutritional quality. This study aims to investigate the association of quinoa salt tolerance at an early developmental stage with its grain nutritional value under the effect of severe climatic hurdles. The current findings revealed a significant variability between genotypes in salt response attributes at the first development stage, where genotypes Amarilla Sacaca (thereafter, A. Sacaca) and QQ57 exhibited high salt tolerance thresholds with a low salt sensitivity index (SI), and a high capacity for Na+ sequestration into vacuoles. A significant positive association was detected between salt tolerance degree and yield parameters, saponins (SAPs), and minerals contents, where genotype A. Sacaca exhibited the highest SAP content with 3.84 mg.g−1 and the highest amounts of K, Ca, P, and Fe. The analysis of fatty acid composition demonstrated a high significant negative correlation between crude fat content and salt SI, and between yield parameters. Despite its low harvest index (HI) and low seed oil content, the salt-tolerant genotype A. Sacaca showed a high nutritional quality for seed oil according to its lowest ω6/ω3 ratio (5.6/1) and lowest level of atherogenicity index (AI). The genotype 115R, defined as the most sensitive to salt stress, exhibited a high seed oil quality due to its low lipid peroxidation susceptibility as reflected by its oxidative susceptibility and peroxidizability indexes. The significance of this study includes the identification of valuable quinoa genotypes showing high efficiency in growth and yield under severe stress accompanied by a high nutritional value satisfying the market requirements for healthy, nutritious, and safe food products.
Effects of Complete Submergence on Growth, Survival and Recovery Growth of Alisma orientale (Samuel.) Juz.
Authors: Liu Songping , Liu Jingrui , Lin Feng , Liao Libing , Hu Qian , Xu Lei , Chen Ludan , Cao Te , Zhong Aiwen
Published: November 2024

Intense precipitations caused by global climate change will result in the occurrence of greater frequencies and longer durations of flooding, influencing the survival and yields of wetland plants. Alisma orientale (Samuel.) Juz., an important traditional medicine with edible scape and inflorescence, naturally grows in wetlands and artificially cultivates in paddy fields prone to flood in China. However, we lack understanding of the effect of complete submergence on A. orientale. Here, experiments with four durations of complete submergence including 5 days (ds), 10 ds, 15 ds and 20 ds followed by 20 ds recovery were performed. In the submergence experiments, the number of, length of and biomass of surviving leaves and the total biomass and new blade biomass were measured; in recovery experiments, number and length of surviving leaves were measured. A. orientale grew out longer new leaves during complete submergence, with a dramatic decline in the biomass of both the leaves and tubers as well as the total biomass at the ends of the submergence experiments. The A. orientale plants had a high survival rate after submergence. The duration of submergence did not influence the time for A. orientale needed to start regrowing. At the end of recovery period, the submerged A. orientale plants generated more leaves, had more surviving leaves, had shorter new leaves and a shorter total length of surviving leaves than the control plants. This study highlights that A. orientale plants can resist at least 20 ds of complete submergence caused by flooding and regrow rapidly after submergence and improves our understanding of the flooding tolerance mechanisms of A. orientale plants.
A Prediction Method for Calculating Fracturing Initiation Pressure Considering the Modification of Rock Mechanical Parameters After CO2 Treatment
Authors: Kong Cuilong , Sun Yuxue , Bian Hao , Wei Jianguang , Li Guo , Yang Ying , Tang Chao , Wei Xu , Cong Ziyuan , Shen Anqi
Published: November 2024

The establishment of a more realistic CO2 fracturing model serves to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying CO2 fracturing transformation. Additionally, it furnishes a foundational framework for devising comprehensive fracturing construction plans. However, current research has neglected to consider the influence of CO2 on rock properties during CO2 fracturing, resulting in an inability to precisely replicate the alterations in the reservoir post-CO2 injection into the formation. This disparity from the actual conditions poses a substantial limitation to the application and advancement of CO2 fracturing technology. This work integrates variations in the physical parameters of rocks after complete contact and reaction with CO2 into the numerical model of crack propagation. This comprehensive approach fully acknowledges the impact of pre-CO2 exposure on the mechanical parameters of reservoir rocks. Consequently, it authentically restores the reservoir state following CO2 injection, ensuring a more accurate representation of the post-fracturing conditions. In comparison with conventional numerical simulation methods, the approach outlined in this paper yields a reduction in the error associated with predicting fracturing pressure by 9.8%.