bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of lipid-lowering treatment intensity and adherence on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a recent myocardial infarction: a Swedish register-based study
Authors: Svensson Maria K. , Sorio Vilela Francesc , Leósdóttir Margrét , Banefelt Jonas , Lindh Maria , Rieem Dun Alexander , Norhammar Anna , Villa Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Background: Oral lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) is the standard of care for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, insufficient treatment intensity and poor adherence can lead to suboptimal treatment benefit, rendering patients at increased risk of CVD.

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate trends in LLT intensity and adherence in Sweden over time, and their association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after recent myocardial infarction (MI), and also to assess the impact of transition from secondary to primary care on intensity and adherence.

Methods and results: This retrospective observational cohort study used data from Swedish nationwide patient registers and included patients on LLT after an MI in the years 2010–2016 (n = 50,298; mean age, 68 years; 69% men). LLT intensity was evaluated over time (overall, for 2010–2013 and for 2014–2016) as the proportion of patients prescribed low-, moderate-, and high-intensity LLT. Adherence was assessed as the proportion of days covered. A combined measure of intensity and adherence was also considered. Differences in treatment patterns and MACE were assessed. Initiation of high-intensity LLT increased over the two time periods studied (2010–2013, 32%; 2014–2016, 91%). Adherence varied by LLT intensity and was highest in patients receiving high-intensity LLT (>80%), especially during the first time period. Little change in treatment intensity or the combined measure of intensity and adherence was observed after transition to primary care. There was a significant association between the combined measure of intensity and adherence and MACE reduction (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per 10% increase in the combined measure: 0.84 [0.82–0.86]; P < 0.01).

Conclusion: The proportion of post-MI patients with high LLT intensity and adherence has increased in recent years, with little change after transfer from specialist to primary care. The combination of LLT intensity and adherence is important for preventing future cardiovascular events.
Gömülü Yirmi Yaş Dişi İle İlgili Youtube Videoları Hastalar İçin Yararlı Mı
Authors: Menziletoğlu Dilek , Güler Arif Yiğit , Işık Bozkurt Kubilay
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; gömülü yirmi yaş dişi ile ilgili YouTube videolarının bilgi içeriğini incelemek ve hastalar için yararlı olup
olmadığını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma popülasyonu ‘Gömülü yirmi yaş dişi’ kelimesi kullanılarak oluşturuldu. 150 video tarandı. Reklamlar,
alakasız ve duplike olan videolar çıkartıldıktan sonra kalan 107 video üç araştırmacı tarafından incelendi. Videoların süreleri, yükleme kaynakları, yorum sayıları ve beğenilme sayıları kaydedildi. Videolar içerdikleri bilgilere göre zayıf, orta ve yüksek kaliteli olmak
üzere üç kategoriye ayrıldı. Kruskal Wallis veya Mann Whitney-U testi yapıldı. Kategorik datalar için ki-kare testi ve korelasyon için
Spearman korelasyon testi kullanıldı. Önemlilik seviyesi p <0.05 olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: 75 video sağlık çalışanları, 17 video sağlık şirketleri ve 15 video ise bireysel kullanıcılar tarafından internete yüklenmiştir.
Videoların kullanışlılık skoru 0-2 arasında değişmekteydi. 33 video zayıf kalitede ve 18 video ise yüksek kalitedeydi. Videonun süresi
ile yükleme kaynağı arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu. (p<0.001) Yorum sayısı ile beğenilme sayısı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon
olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada değerlendirilen YouTube videoları daha çok sağlık çalışanları tarafından yüklenildiği için hastaların gömülü
yirmi yaş dişi ile ilgili bilgi edinmesi için sınırlıda olsa bir kaynak olarak kabul edilebilir fakat hastalar doğru bilgileri hekimlerinden
alabilirler
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T for peripheral zone prostate cancer: the influence of the b-value combination
on the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Rezaeian Abbas , Ostovari Mohsen , Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi Mojtaba , Khanbabaei Hashem
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Diffusion-weighted imaging as a noninvasive functional modality plays a valuable role in the evaluation of prostate cancer. However, there is still no agreement on the number and range of b-values to be used. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of b-value choice on the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for prostate cancer detection.

Material and methods

Fifty-nine consecutive patients with abnormal digital rectal examination findings and raised serum prostate-specific antigen were chosen for magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate before systematic 12-core trans­rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies. ADC values for each ROI were calculated from different b-value combinations (0-1600 s/mm2) by a monoexponential model. Mann-Whitney and the paired-sample t-test were used to compare the mean ADC values for malignant lesions and noncancerous tissues. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ADC values in distinguishing prostate cancer from normal-tissue ROIs.

Results

The differences between mean ADC values of malignant lesions and contralateral healthy tissues were significant for all the pairs of b-value combinations. The pair of b-values 50 and 1200 provided the highest AUC (0.94), with a sensitivity of 90.2%, a specificity of 92.6%, and an accuracy of 91.2% at an ADC cut-off of 1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s.

Conclusions

Our study showed that using a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner the diagnostic performance of ADC values estimated from the b-value pair 50 and 1200 s/mm2 was highest. However, some other b-value pairs provided statically comparable diagnostic performance.
COINFECÇÃO DE COVID-19 COM TUBERCULOSE PULMONAR
Authors: Gomar Gabriella Giandotti , Saad Vaz Rogerio , Makuch Débora Maria Vargas
Published: May 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose (TB) é uma infecção causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acometendo mais frequentemente os pulmões. Já a COVID-19 consiste em uma infecção respiratória aguda ocasionada pelo SARS-CoV-2, um RNA vírus envelopado. Além disso, ambas as doenças apresentam semelhanças clínicas e radiológicas e podem levar a óbito. OBJETIVOS: Tal estudo objetiva relacionar aspectos da coinfecção de TB e COVID-19. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, em que se utilizou os descritores “Coinfection”, “COVID-19” e “Mycobacterium tuberculosis” para busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos, em inglês, português e espanhol. RESULTADOS: Embora a infecção por TB apresente-se cronicamente a infecção por COVID-19 de forma aguda, um obstáculo no diagnóstico dos casos de coinfecção de tais doenças consiste na mimetização dos sintomas entre elas e as apresentações inespecíficas. Apesar da presente escassez de dados sobre tal tema, sabe-se que a TB pode ser um dos fatores de risco para o aumento da mortalidade do COVID-19. Além disso, foi relatada uma menor taxa de notificação da TB com os aumentos das taxas de COVID-19. Assim, mesmo em pacientes com sintomas de doença respiratória grave e RT-PCR COVID-19 positivo, deve-se atentar a histórica clínica, e em alguns pacientes histórico de perda de peso ou contexto de medicamentos imunossupressores, deverá ser levantada e investigada a hipótese de TB. São necessários mais estudos em populações variadas sobre tal coinfecção, para que assim existam resultados mais sólidos quanto ao tema. CONCLUSÃO: A coinfecção de TB e COVID-19 pode ter sintomas inespecíficos e portanto o diagnóstico pode ser difícil. Entretanto, vale ressaltar que tais infecções quando simultâneas podem aumentar a chance de óbito do indivíduo, sendo, assim, necessária uma maior produção científica sobre tal tema.
Efficacy of Posterior-Anterior Glide Along With Active Lateral Rotation for Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: J. Hariharan , M. Kamalakannan
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: A complicated anatomical structure of our body enables movement in several planes and is important for everyday activities. Adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder produces pain and reduces the joint range of motion, especially external rotation. This study aimed to find the effectiveness of posteroanterior glide along with active lateral rotation for adhesive capsulitis.
 
Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental study with a simple random sampling technique was followed. Thirty subjects with an age group 33 to 55 years, both gender with adhesive capsulitis. Non-cooperative patients, previous history of fracture in and around the shoulder joint, open wound in and around the shoulder joint, subjects with a loss of sensation around the shoulder joint were excluded. Pre and post-test values were measured using a visual analog scale and range of motion as outcome measures. The experimental group was given a posteroanterior glide along with active lateral rotation combined with shortwave diathermy. The conventional group was given conventional therapy along with shortwave diathermy. The frequency of the treatment was 5 days per week for 2 consecutive weeks. The values are tabulated and statistically evaluated.
 
Results: The post-test mean value of VAS in the experimental group was 4.20 and conventional group was 6.07. The post means value of ROM in the experimental group was 64.33 and conventional group was 29.67. Thus, the experimental group had a high statistical difference from the conventional group.
 
Conclusion: The study concludes that posterior-anterior glide along with active lateral rotation has a good effect on pain, and range of motion in adhesive capsulitis.
Caracterización morfológica y evaluación agronómica de 3 variedades y 27 accesiones de cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) procedentes del banco de germoplasma Camacani, Puno, Perú
Authors: Bravo-Portocarrero Rosario , Leon-Tacca Betsabe , Llanos-Nina Joven , Medina Wenceslao
Published: May 2022

Bioagro 34(2):111-124. 2022doi: http://www.doi.org/10.51372/bioagro342.2CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA Y EVALUACIÓNAGRONÓMICA DE 3 VARIEDADES Y 27 ACCESIONES DE CAÑIHUA (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)PROCEDENTES DEL BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA CAMACANI, PUNO, PERÚRosario Y. Bravo-Portocarrero1, Betsabe Leon-Tacca2,Joven Marino Llanos-Nina1, Alicia Leon-Tacca1y Wenceslao T. Medina1RESUMENLa cañihuaes un cultivo muy importante en la alimentación de la población andina del Altiplano Peruano Boliviano por la alta calidad de la proteína de sus granos. El banco de germoplasma de cultivos andinos de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano enPuno, Perú, cuenta con alrededor de 400 accesiones de esta especie, muchas de las cuales no tienen descripción estandarizada que sirva de base para el desarrollo de investigaciones que permitan mejorar su producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar morfológica y agronómicamente 27 accesiones de cañihua comparadas con 3 variedades comerciales. Se evaluaron los caracteres de altura de planta, número de ramas,cobertura vegetativa, longitud, ancho y número de dientes de la lámina foliar, diámetro y peso hectolítrico del grano, rendimiento e índice de cosecha; además, el número de días a ramificación, floración, grano lechoso y pastoso, y madurez fisiológica.Los resultados indican que la variedad de mejor rendimiento es la INIA-406, mientras que las variedades Cupi y Ramis resultaron ser las más precoces. La variedad Cupi tiene mejor rendimiento que Ramis aun cuando sus granos son más pequeños. Las accesiones estudiadas mostraron alta variabilidad entre ellas, destacándose la accesión 03-21-23 por su alto rendimiento y la 03-21-315 por tener el mayor tamaño de grano, pero con bajo rendimiento. La accesión 03-21-7 tiene la mayor altura de planta y la 03-21-246 la mayor cobertura vegetativa, ambas con rendimientos aceptables. En consecuencia, es conveniente profundizar estudios para mejorar y evaluar la estabilidad genética de estas cuatro accesiones.
Detección molecular de virus en cultivos, plántulas y semillas de gulupa (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) en el oriente de Antioquia
Authors: Cardona Daniela , Gallo García Yuliana , Higuita Mónica , Hoyos Sánchez Rodrigo , Gutiérrez Sánchez Pablo , Marín Montoya Mauricio
Published: May 2022

La gulupa (Passiflora edulisf. edulis) es uno de los frutales con mayor crecimiento en los últimos años y de gran influencia en la economía de Antioquia (Colombia); sin embargo, su cultivo es afectado por diferentes problemas fitosanitarios, especialmente la marchitez por Fusariumoxysporumyenfermedades virales. En este estudio se evaluóla prevalencia de cuatro virus de ARN (SMV, CABMV, PFYMV y CMV) mediante RT-qPCR, virus del género Begomovirusy del badnavirus GBVA por PCR, a partir de muestras sintomáticas (SI) y asintomáticas (AS) obtenidas en 15 lotes, 15 grupos de plántulas (PL) y 15 muestras de semilla sexual en el oriente de Antioquia. Los genomas de los virus fueron ensamblados utilizando secuenciación masiva (HTS) a partir de grupos de muestras (15x). Con excepción de CABMV y begomovirus, los otros virus fueron encontrados en las muestras sintomáticas y asintomáticas, siendo el PFYMV (SI=33,3 % y AS=46,6 %) y SMV (SI=33,3 % y AS=20 %) los de mayor prevalencia,mientrasqueGBVA yCMV sedetectaron enniveles inferiores al26,6 %. Deforma interesante, los cuatro virus detectados se encontraron en evaluaciones sobre brotes de semillasrecién germinadas(SMV=40 %, CMV=13,3 %, PFYMV=86,6 %, GBVA=53,3 %), lo que sugiere que la semilla sexual juega un papel importante en la transmisión de estos virus en gulupa, así como también las plántulas comercializadas en esta región (SMV=86,6 %, CMV=0 %, PFYMV=60 %, GBVA=53,3 %). Mediante HTS fue posible el ensamblaje completo de los genomas de PFYMV, SMV y GBVA. Estos resultados enfatizan la necesidad de generar material certificado por su sanidad viral en gulupa
Estimación de la concentración de clorofila, nitrógeno y biomasa en arúgula (Eruca sativa Mill.) mediante mediciones portátiles no destructivas
Authors: Mendoza-Tafolla Rodrigo , Juarez-Lopez Porfirio , Ontiveros-Capurata Ronald , Alia-Tejacal Irán , Guillén-Sánchez Dagoberto , Villegas-Torres Oscar , Chávez-Bárcenas Ana
Published: May 2022

El nitrógeno es un nutrimento esencial para las plantas y el elemento más requerido en hortalizas de hoja, por lo que es importante conocer sus niveles en relación con la formación de clorofila y producción de biomasa. El objetivo de esta investigación fueestimar, mediante medidores portátiles no destructivos, la concentración de clorofila y relacionarla con los niveles de nitrógeno y de biomasa fresca en arúgula (Eruca sativaL.). La investigación se realizó en un invernadero donde las plantas fueron sometidas a diferentes dosis de fertilización nitrogenada empleando cinco tratamientos de N-NO3(0, 4, 8, 12 y 16 meq·L-1), con base en la solución nutritiva de Steiner. Se realizaron evaluaciones semanales en las plantas hasta 42días después del trasplante utilizando los medidores SPAD, atLEAF y MC-100, junto a determinaciones en el laboratorio de los niveles de clorofila, nitrógeno y biomasa fresca por planta. Los resultados mostraron que la relación entre lecturas SPAD, nitrógeno, clorofilay materia fresca fue positiva y significativa, con coeficientes de correlación de 0,93-0,97; para lecturas atLEAF, se observaron relaciones similares, con coeficientes de correlación de 0,96-0,99. Las relaciones entre lecturas SPAD, atLEAF y MC-100 fueronpositivasy significativas, con coeficientes de correlación de 0,97-0,98. Esto indica que estos medidores son instrumentos válidos para estimar in-situel estado de clorofila y nitrógeno en el cultivo de arúgula de manera no destructiva, rápida y precisa.
Gas exchange and fluorescence in ‘sutil’ lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) under different soil moisture levels
Authors: Celi Soto Adriana , Mejía María , Ríos Rojas Liliana
Published: May 2022

The Portoviejo valley in the Manabi province, Ecuador, is an important ‘Sutil’ lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) producer, but since the water resources in the region are of vital importance, a good management of the irrigation is needed. The objective of this research was to know the physiological response of the plant expressed in terms of gas exchange and fluorescence, under different levels of irrigation. The study zone is located at Maconta site, 40 masl, in an orchard with 15 year old plants grafted on rootstock ‘Cleopatra’, planted at 6 x 6 m. The following irrigation treatments were tested, according to the atmospheric demand: 0.3ET0, 0.5ET0, 0.7ET0, 0.9ET0, and a control (farmer's irrigation). A randomized complete block design with five treatments and six replications was established. Significant differences (P≤0,05) were found among treatments measured in the dry season, where the photosynthesis rate (A) was higher in the control treatment, decreasing in those treatments with water restrictions (0,3ET0) or excess (0,9ET0) in the soil. Similar behavior was observed in stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (T); the increase or decrease of A, would be associated with T and gs. The water use efficiency (WUE) was higher in the treatment of 0,5ET0 than in the rest of treatments, suggesting that the increase in this variable would be due to a good equilibrium of the Ci/Ca, ratio, avoiding water loss and still maintaining active physiological processes. Low values of the Fv/Fm ratio existed in conditions of excess moisture. The performance of gs in both periods leads to deduce the rapid adaptation of the crop to different levels of soil moisture.
A propósito de la propuesta del FMLN
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 358-360.
Reflexiones sobre la violencia
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 365-368.
Problemática económica
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 387-395.
Para mientras, por joder y por si soca
Authors: Montoya Aquiles
Published: May 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 51, No. 570, 1996: 361-364.
Samers förtroende för förvaltningen av vattenkraft: en enkätstudie
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Inga Katarina , Kløcker Larsen Rasmus
Published: May 2022

Ett samhälle som genomsyras av medborgerligt förtroende förväntas fungera smidigare och bidra till effektiviteten och legitimiteten i förvaltningen. Trots ökat fokus på medborgerligt förtroende finns det begränsat med forskning som tar hänsyn till urfolks perspektiv, även när det gäller naturresursförvaltning. I Sverige, som är en del av Sápmi, bidrar vattenkraften till närmare hälften av Sveriges totala elproduktion och cirka 80 % kommer från den storskaliga vattenkraften i Sápmi. Etableringen av vattenkraftverken skedde under 1900-talets första hälft som ett led i koloniseringen av Sápmi, en process som samerna hade lite – om ens något – att säga till om. Många av dessa orättvisor lever fortfarande kvar än idag. Det är därför viktigt att utvärdera det förtroende som samerna har gentemot aktörer inom förvaltningen av vattenkraft för att bättre förstå dess potentiella legitimitet. I den här studien samlades data in via en enkätundersökning bland samer under 2020 i syfte att förstå vilket förtroende de har för att aktörerna skyddar och respekterar samiska rättigheter. Frågorna togs fram tillsammans med en referensgrupp bestående av samiska experter och bygger på teoribildningen kring förtroendedynamik i en urfolkskontext. Vi valde att fokusera på hur förtroende påverkas av faktorer som sårbarhet (oro), inflytande (möjlighet att påverka beslut), och hur man upplever länsstyrelsernas och vattenkraftsbolagens kompetens i samiska rättigheter och bemötande (kommunikation). Totalt svarade 298 personer på enkäten. Resultaten från enkäten och våra statistiska analyser visar att det finns en stor oro bland våra respondenter att samiskt bruk, såsom vatten-, mark- och naturresursanvändning och kultur, påverkas negativt av vattenkraften. Dessutom är förtroendet för både länsstyrelse och vattenkraftsbolag mycket lågt – något som korrelerar med den höga oron för negativ påverkan, uppfattningar om begränsade möjligheter att påverka beslut om vattenkraft, otillräcklig kompetens om samiska rättigheter bland aktörerna och bristfällig kommunikation. Vi argumenterar i rapporten för att det låga förtroendet bland våra samiska respondenter för länsstyrelserna och vattenkraftsbolagen är en konsekvens av tendensen hos dessa aktörer, och även den svenska regeringen, att begränsa samiskt deltagande och inflytande i naturresursförvaltning till intressentbaserade dialoger, utan att på allvar bemöta samiska rättighetsanspråk. Vi föreslår att det är osannolikt att insatserna hos statliga myndigheter eller vattenkraftsbolagen kommer att avsevärt förbättra förtroendet hos samer – och därmed legitimiteten av vattenkraftsförvaltningen – så länge man avstår från att adressera de underliggande rättighetsfrågor som faktiskt är viktiga för samer.
Drying temperatures of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) seeds
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Balbuena-Mascada Sandro , Peña-Lomelí Aureliano ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Magaña-Lira Natanael ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Sahagún-Castellanos Jaime ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Martínez-Solís Juan ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Published: May 2022

Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) is widely grown in Mexico with non-certified seed.Little research has been done on seed drying and physiology. Seed drying is a fundamental process in production technology, and the temperature used can affect its quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying temperatures on the physical and physiological quality of seeds of four varieties (Tecozautla 04, Diamante, Gema and Manzano Tepetlixpa) in three storage periods. Seeds of each variety were dried in an oven until reaching constant weight at different temperatures: ambient, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C; subsequently, they were stored under ambient laboratory conditions for 0, 2 and 4 months. The experimental unit was 5 g of seeds. The study was carried out under a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Physiological quality was evaluated with standard germination tests, and with the vigor test the germination speed index, total seedling length and seedling dry weight were determined. Seed quality was affected by temperature. When drying from 30 to 35 °C, the seeds expressed their maximum physiological quality, and above 45 °C their quality decreased. Tecozautla 04 had the greatest vigor, whereas Diamante had the least vigor and was the most sensitive to damage during the drying process. After two months of storage, the seeds showed the best physiological quality.
Confinamiento provocado por el COVID-19 en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje: Caso Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas
Authors: Angulo-Caicedo Amalia Paula , Castillo-Caicedo Lourdes Ximena
Published: May 2022

El contexto educativo ha tomado una perspectiva diferente desde el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Las instituciones de educación superior, con plataformas digitales, tienen la oportunidad de flexibilizar procesos académicos en los estudiantes a partir de la articulación de herramientas digitales con el fin de continuar con el servicio educativo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los efectos del confinamiento por la pandemia del COVID-19 en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para el trabajo investigativo se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo. El instrumento empleado fue un cuestionario online, dirigido a los estudiantes de la Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas, la muestra fue tomada en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de Servicios. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció que el transitar por esta modalidad de educación a distancia, ha aflorado deficiencias como la presencia de factores estresores en el hogar; y el hecho de tener que atender las tareas escolares en el caso de las mujeres, es lo que en mayor porcentaje aqueja a la muestra de estudiantes participantes. Así mismo, se puede expresar brevemente por los resultados generados en la encuesta que los docentes catedráticos consideran que la educación presencial en términos generales es más significativa. Por otra parte, dentro del hallazgo realizado se resalta el hecho que los docentes han obtenido mayor autonomía al tener que optar por una metodología asincrónica y sincrónica para que todos los estudiantes accedan a la educación superior, utilizando todas las herramientas necesarias.
Effect of Radio Frequency Signals on Resistive Measurements of Temperature
Authors:   Fluke Calibration, Liebmann Frank
Published: May 2022

In many situations, the measurement of temperature is done with resistive sensors. This is the case with standard platinum resistance thermometers (SPRTs), industrial level PRTs, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) and thermistors. There are many possible sources of uncertainty in these measurements. One potential source of error that may be difficult to quantify is the error due to radio frequency (RF) signals. This paper presents data from experimentation done with radio signals close to a temperature measurement location. While the data presented in this paper were not taken in a controlled RF measurement laboratory, they are done in a practical situation. The factors such a type of antenna used, walls between the antenna and measuring sensor, distance between the measuring sensor, and the RF source and length of the temperature sensor leads are disclosed. Different factors are considered such as frequency of the RF signal, power of the RF signal, resistance of the temperature probe and length of the temperature probe leads. Amateur radio equipment is used for the RF signal generation in the high frequency (HF), very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) bands. The author uses his knowledge of both amateur radio equipment and temperature metrology to present and analyze the data.
Sandia's Uncertainty Calculator: A Case Study in the Graded Approach
Authors:   Sandia National Laboratories, Delker Collin
Published: May 2022

Software is used everywhere in a calibration lab, from controlling measurement equipment to performing statistical calculations to storing calibration records in a database. Yet the importance and details of software validation and quality assurance are not often discussed. A graded approach to software quality assurance (SQA) is typically used, where software with a higher risk of adverse consequences upon failure requires a higher level of rigor. The Sandia National Laboratories Uncertainty Calculator (Suncal) is open-source, free software for performing various statistical calculations related to metrology, including Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation, decision risk analysis, uncertainty in curve fitting, and analysis of variance. The SQA activities for the Suncal evolved over time. In its infancy, Suncal was simply a few code functions shared among a handful of coworkers, and SQA activities were almost nonexistent. As Suncal grew into a more formal library of algorithms with a full-featured user interface, and especially after it was released to the public, the SQA rigor level increased to match the tool’s increased risk and visibility. Suncal, and the SQA activities to ensure it operates correctly are discussed below.
Maintaining a Local Reference Scale for Electrical Impedance by Means of a Digital Impedance Bridge
Authors:   Istituto Nazionale di Recerca Metrologica (INRIM), Callegaro Luca
Published: May 2022

Electrical impedance is one of the most commonly measured electrical quantities and there is a wide variety of impedance meters commercially available. Electrical calibration laboratories usually use sets of artifact impedance standards to calibrate these meters. The traceability chain for electrical impedance is described with a particular emphasis on the use of impedance bridges to calibrate the impedance standards themselves. Up to now, coaxial transformer ratio bridges have been used for this purpose, but these have a number of practical disadvantages. It is shown that digital impedance bridges, which use digital techniques to provide the accurate voltage ratios for bridge balancing, offer a viable alternative to transformer ratio bridges. The principles of operation of source-based and sampling-based impedance bridges are described. The joint research project VersICaL: A versatile electrical impedance calibration laboratory based on digital impedance bridges (2018-2021) has shown that digital impedance bridges provide, even for a laboratory with limited resources and expertise, a practical means of calibrating impedance standards at the parts per million level of accuracy. A source-based digital impedance bridge, designed and constructed within the project, is described and some measurement results presented.
A Review of Probabilities for Pass/Fail Medical Test Decisions
Authors:   Integrated Sciences Group, Castrup Howard
Published: May 2022

In this article, probabilities are described for decisions that can be made from medical tests to determine whether a patient is sick or not. Methods for constructing and combining these probabilities are also applicable to tests in other areas where binary decisions of this kind are made. To provide a basis for discussion, we focus on testing for the presence or absence of a given hypothetical illness infecting a specified population, such as a community, age group, medical history or other relevant grouping.
Quantification of major particulate matter species from a single filter type using infrared spectroscopy – application to a large-scale monitoring network
Authors: Debus Bruno , Weakley Andrew T. , Takahama Satoshi , George Kathryn M. , Amiri-Farahani Anahita , Schichtel Bret , Copeland Scott , Wexler Anthony S. , Dillner Ann M.
Published: May 2022

Abstract. To enable chemical speciation, monitoring networks collect particulate
matter (PM) on different filter media, each subjected to one or more
analytical techniques to quantify PM composition present in the atmosphere.
In this work, we propose an alternate approach that uses one filter type
(teflon or polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, commonly used for aerosol
sampling) and one analytical method, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy to measure almost all of the major constituents in the aerosol. In the proposed method, measurements using the typical multi-filter, multi-analytical techniques are retained at a limited number of sites and used as calibration standards. At all remaining sites, only sampling on PTFE and analysis by FT-IR is performed. This method takes advantage of the sensitivity of the mid-IR domain to various organic and inorganic functional
groups and offers a fast and inexpensive way of exploring sample
composition. As a proof of concept, multiple years of samples collected
within the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment network
(IMPROVE) are explored with the aim of retaining high quality predictions
for a broad range of atmospheric compounds including mass, organic (OC),
elemental (EC), and total (TC) carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and crustal elements.
Findings suggest that models based on only 21 sites, covering spatial and
seasonal trends in atmospheric composition, are stable over a 3 year
period within the IMPROVE network with acceptable prediction accuracy
(R2 > 0.9, median bias less than 3 %) for most
constituents. The major limitation is measuring nitrate as it is known to
volatilize off of PTFE filters. Incorporating additional sites at low cost,
partially replacing existing, more time- and cost-intensive techniques, or
using the FT-IR data for quality control or substitute for missing data, are among the potential benefits of the one-filter, one-method approach.
Effects of seasonal and diel variations in thermal stratification on phytoplankton in a regulated river
Authors: Jung Eunsong , Joo Gea-Jae , Kim Hyo Gyeom , Kim Dong-Kyun , Kim Hyun-Woo
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Thermal stratification in lotic systems has occurred globally and more frequently in recent decades due to global warming and artificial river modification, often with negative ecological effects. However, studies on river stratification have been restricted to rivers below dams or reservoirs affected by their water release and lacked examination of diel stratification and its impact on phytoplankton, in particular. In the present study, we assessed the degree of thermal stratification, its environmental drivers, and the response of water quality and phytoplankton assemblage against stratification in the mid-lower reach of the Nakdong River, whose morphology has been highly modified, including the construction of eight weirs. We implemented vertical temperature profiling at three study sites, both seasonally and diurnally. Then, we calculated three stratification indices: relative water column stability, Schmidt stability, and maximum temperature gradient. Three indices for assessing the degree of stratification showed that most sites experienced diel stratification during summer. Principal component analysis showed that stratification significantly led to seasonal and diel variations in the water environment. Solar radiation and air temperature were positive controllers, while a negative controller (in this case, the river flow rate) existed only for diel variation in the stratification. Higher abundance and surface cell accumulation of cyanobacteria Microcystis were observed at the stratified sites, and the diel variations in its biomass (chlorophyll a) in the surface water were primarily associated with the stratification indices instead of with other temperature and nutrient variables. Overall, the results suggest that the river has summer stratification, which is involved in amplifying cyanobacterial bloom intensity. Without a suppressing factor, summer stratification is expected to be recurrent in the river, and thus mitigating the developed stratification is needed by promptly regulating the river flow.
The 2017 Split wildfire in Croatia: Evolution and the role of meteorological conditions
Authors: Čavlina Tomašević Ivana , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Vučetić Višnjica , Fox-Hughes Paul , Horvath Kristian , Telišman Prtenjak Maja , Beggs Paul J. , Malečić Barbara , Milić Velimir
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Split wildfire in July 2017, which was one of the most severe wildfires in Croatian history of this World Heritage site, is the focus in this study. The Split fire is a good example of wildfire-urban interface, with unexpected fire behavior including rapid downslope spread to the coastal populated area. Thus, it is critical to clarify the meteorological conditions behind the fire event, those that have limited the effectiveness of firefighting operations and the rapid escalation and expansion of the fire zones within thirty hours. First, the Split fire propagation was reconstructed using radio logs, interviews with firefighters and pilots involved in the intervention, eye-witness statements, digital photographs from fire detection cameras, media and firefighting monthly journal. Four phases of fire development have been identified. Then, weather observations and numerical simulations using an enhanced-resolution operational model are utilized to analyze the dynamics in each phase of the fire runs. The synoptic background of the event includes large surface pressure gradient between the Azores anticyclone accompanied by cold front and a cyclone over southeastern Balkan Peninsula. At the upper level, there was a deep shortwave trough extending from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea, which developed into a cut-off low. Such synoptic conditions have resulted in the annual maximum of Fire Weather Index and the highest monthly severity rating for July in the period 1981–2020. Combined with topography, they also provoke locally the formation of the strong northeasterly bura wind along the Adriatic coast. During the fire event, wind gust of nearly 25 m s-1 occurred. Low level jet (LLJ) has also been formally identified during an extended period, with a peak prior to the fire event possessing wind speed of over 21 m s-1 at a height of 600–700 m. Analysis of the upper-level jet also reveals that there was a deep tropospheric bura, which has facilitated the subsidence of dry air from the upper troposphere. In the mid to lower level, gravity wave breaking and turbulence mixing (as in the hydraulic jump theory) in the downslope bura wind further enabled the rapid drying at the surface. Low level jet and strong downslope wind such as the bura are known to be related to many severe wildfire events worldwide, besides the antecedent hot and dry weather conditions and fuel loads. As has been demonstrated in this study, numerical guidance that indicates the spatial and temporal occurrence of low level jet is highly implicative to explain the Split fire evolution from the ignition potential to its extinguishment stage. Thus, in addition to the conventional fire weather indexes, such products are able to improve fire weather behavior forecast and in general more effective decision-making in fire management.
Melt probabilities and surface temperature trends on the Greenland ice sheet using a Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Clarkson Daniel , Eastoe Emma , Leeson Amber
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet has experienced significant melt over the past 6 decades, with extreme melt events covering large areas of the ice sheet. Melt events are typically analysed using summary statistics, but the nature and characteristics of the events themselves are less frequently analysed. Our work examines melt events from a statistical perspective by modelling 19 years of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice surface temperature data using a Gaussian mixture model. We use a mixture model with separate model components for ice and meltwater temperatures at 1139 cells spaced across the ice sheet. By considering the uncertainty in the ice surface temperature measurements, we use the two categories of model components to define, for each observation, a probability of melt which is independent of any pre-defined fixed melt threshold. This probability can then be used to estimate the expected number of melt events at a given cell. Furthermore, the model can be used to estimate temperature quantiles at a given cell and analyse temperature and melt trends over time by fitting the model to subsets of time. Fitting the model to data from 2001–2009 and 2010–2019 shows increases in melt probability and yearly expected maximum temperatures for significant portions of the ice sheet.
Evaluating the mesoscale spatio-temporal variability in simulated wind speed time series over Northern Europe
Authors: Luzia Graziela , Hahmann Andrea Noemi , Koivisto Matti Juhani
Published: May 2022

Abstract. As wind energy increases its share of total electricity generation and its integration into the power system becomes more challenging, accurately representing the spatio-temporal variability in wind data becomes crucial. Wind fluctuations impact power and energy systems, e.g., energy system planning, vulnerability to storm shutdowns, and available voltage stability support. To analyze such fluctuations and their spatio-temporal dependencies, time series of wind speeds at hourly time-frequency or higher are needed. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the global and mesoscale-model derived wind time series against observations by using a set of metrics that we present as requirements for wind energy integration studies. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to find the best model setup of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, focusing on evaluating the wind speed fluctuation metrics. The results show that using higher spatial resolution in the WRF model simulations improves the representation of temporal fluctuations; however, higher-resolution simulations often lower the correlations of wind time series with measurements. We also show that the nesting strategy is an important consideration, and a smoother transition from the forcing data to the nested domains improves the correlations with measurements. All mesoscale model simulations overestimate the value of the spatial correlations in wind speed with respect to their observed values. Still, the spatial correlations and the wind speed distributions are insensitive to the model configuration tested in this study.
SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR THE KYZYLORDA IRRIGATED LAND EFFICIENCY
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shomantaev A.A. , Zhumashev N.K. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Abdisadykkyzy А. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bulanbayeva P.U. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Irrigated lands of the Syrdarya River are one of the natural zones favorable for the primitive agriculture and having a tremendous sway on the life-sustaining activity of the residential population. The irrigated lands around the given area have completely changed to rice crop rotation, formed in the form of engineering systems. Agriculturedevelopment, food security governance come amid he environmental crisis of the PreAral Sea area. As a result of the decrement of the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River and in the water area of the Aral Sea in its northern part, the area of arid lands has increased to 21,5 thousand km2, and the number of formed lakes has sharply decreased. The natural condition of the SyrdaryaRiver was preserved until 1960; there were 2582 lakes and lake systems in the lower reaches of the river. Presently, only 128 are registered as lakes. Disruption of the ecological balance has an adversely impact on all components of the environment, one of which is the deterioration of soil composition in agriculturally used areas. Soil erosion process, the enlargement of saline lands, the deviation of the agro physical parameters of soil from normal ones and the deterioration of their ameliorative condition are present over the last years. The heightened rates of these processes has led to a ramp-downof crop yields.
URBAN PLANNING FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF THE RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Shamil B. , Saktaganova N.A. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

Мақалада қазіргі заманғы жаңа әлеуметтік-экономикалық жағдайларда қалалық тұрғын үй ортасының сапасын арттыру қажеттілігі, көпфункционалды ғимараттар құрылысының көлемі және олардың сәулеттік қалыптасуы мен көпфункционалды компоненттері туралы айтылған. Көпфункционалды құрылыстарды жобалау және салу саласындағы қалыптасу мен практикалық әзірлемелердің жекелеген аспектілері бойынша зерттеулердің едәуір үлкен көлемі жинақталған. Өнеркәсіптік кезеңге тән қала аумағын қатаң функционалдық саралау түріндегі қала құрылысы шешімдері монофункционалды ғимараттар, тіпті қала құрылымындағы ескерткіштерге айналатын аудандар жасайды, бұл адамдарды бір көлемнен екінші көлемге ауыстыруға мәжбүр етеді. Осылайша, қала құрылымындағы тұрғын үй, іскерлік және қоғамдық кеңістіктің толықтығы емес деген түсінік пайда болады, сол себепті қала құрылысын ұтымды пайдалану арқылы қаланың функционалдық жарамдылығын едәуір арттыру қажет. Әртүрлі функционалдық салалардың кең үйлесуі, сондай-ақ қоғамдық және іскерлік ғимараттардың шоғырлануы және олардың тұрғын элементпен үйлесуі, тұрғын үй кешенінің қала құрылысы әлеуетін арттыруға ықпал ететін болады. Көпфункционалды тұрғын үйлердің сәулетін қалыптастыру жан-жақты зерттеуді қажет етеді. Сонымен қатар, қала өмірінің үнемі өзгеріп отыратын әлеуметтік-экономикалық жағдайлары көпфункционалды ортаны жетілдірудің жаңа перспективалық жолдарын іздеуді талап етеді.
INCREASE OF STUDENTS ACTIVITY AND INTEREST TO THE DISCIPLINE IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Aimuratova T.
Published: May 2022

Бұл мақалада «Мамандыққа кіріспе» пәнінен білім алушылардың пәнге қызығушылығын,белсенділігін арттыру жолдары баяндалған.Болашақ мамандарды кәсіптік қызметтерінің ғылыми негіздерімен таныстыру және оқу еңбегінің мәдениетін меңгерту мақсатында ЖОО-дағы педагогикалық практикалардан өту ерекшеліктерімен,ең бастысы білім алушылардың педагогикалық кәсіби сапаларын қалыптастыру жолдары көрсетіледі. Мұғалімнің оқушылармен қарым-қатынас жасау мәдениеті,педагогикалық әдеп,сөз сөйлеу шеберлігі, шығармашылық,педагогикалық техника туралы баяндалады.Студенттердің таңдаған мамандықтарына,яғни педагог профессиограммасына сәйкестігін анықтау жолдарымен олардың бойында қандай қасиеттері,қабілеттері болу керектігі туралы айтылады.Студенттердің практикалық және БАОӨЖ сабақтарында орындаған жұмыстарының кейбір үлгілері берілген. Біз негізінен өздігінен білім алудың жүйелі түрі туралы айтатын боламыз, өйткені бұл кәсіби және білім беру стратегиясын толығымен жүзеге асыруға мүмкіндік беретін түрі. ЖОО-ғы оқу процессі студенттерге теориялық және практикалық жағынан оқытудың әр түрлі нысандары ұсынылатындай етіп құрылған. Бірінші курстан бастап студенттер, педагогикалық қызметтің объектісі және субъектісі ретінде педагогикалық процесстің ішінде болып, түрлі қызмет атқаруға тиісті. Яғни, бұл жағдайда оқу процесінің өзі педагогикалық практиканың рөлін атқарады.
Análisis de la participación de las empresas transnacionales en las estrategias de desarrollo en América Latina y Asia. Los casos de Corea del Sur y Brasil
Authors: Pérez Lagüela Elena
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo tiene por objeto sistematizar algunas causas que pueden ilustrar los diferentes resultados de los procesos de desarrollo en dos regiones, América Latina y el Este de Asia, que emprendieron estrategias desarrollistas similares con desenlaces diferentes. Para ello, se estudiará el papel que las empresas transnacionales han jugado históricamente en las estrategias de desarrollo en ambas regiones, utilizando como estudios de caso a dos países representativos, tanto de la implementación de políticas de desarrollo, como de la contribución de las empresas transnacionales a esos procesos: Brasil y Corea del Sur. Con este fin, se intentará determinar en qué medida la participación de las empresas transnacionales ha resultado decisiva en el éxito de las estrategias de desarrollo en ambos países.
The demise of the US investment banking from a Minskian perspective
Authors: Ruiz Juan Rafael
Published: May 2022

This research analyses the causes behind the de-facto demise of the US firms dedicating their activity exclusively to securities business, in the wake of the financial crisis of 2008, focusing on the firms´ risk mismanagement and bad lending practices, that increased fragility and risk exposures in the US securities sector. These practices emerged when leading firms became gradually convinced of the goodness of financial instruments of their own design, as they engaged in proprietary trading activities and trading of financial products with residual liquidity, increasingly shifting their use from hedge to speculative purposes. In this way, leading financial operators able to take unrestricted risk and highly leveraged positions in unregulated markets are the cause behind volatility in asset prices, and they are ultimately responsible of the cyclical boom and bust dynamics of the market-based economy