bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXaminaTion of cRitical cAre PHArmacist pRoductivity MetricS (EXTRA‐PHARMS): The clinical pharmacist's perspective
Authors: Forehand Christy , Roberts Russel , Acquisto Nicole M. , Buckley Mitchell , Groth Christine M. , Holden Devin , Sikora Andrea , Ardiles Thomas (Tomi) , Thompson Bastin Melissa , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. , DePriest Ashley , Eche Ifeoma Mary , Flynn Brigid , Healy William J. , Hogan Brett , LaRiccia Brenton , Mayer Kirby , Murphy David , Stun Lucy , Wang Shan , Zetola Nicola , MacLaren Robert
Published: October 2024

Background

Critical care pharmacists are well‐established, valuable members of the intensive care unit interprofessional team with unique skills to perform comprehensive medication management in complex critically ill patients. However, standardized and consequential productivity metrics for critical care pharmacists have not been established.

Objective

To characterize the utilization and perception of contemporary critical care pharmacy productivity metrics utilized among individual institutions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

An electronic survey was distributed to critical care pharmacist members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Section and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care Practice and Research Network.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The survey included 23 questions to assess institution demographics, individual respondent demographics, institution practices, and individual respondent perceptions about the value of critical care pharmacist productivity metrics.

Results

A total of 204 critical care pharmacists, largely from the United States, responded to the survey between July and November 2022. Institutional metrics captured by more than 50% of the respondents' institutions included order verification rate/number of orders verified (60%), number of clinical interventions (57%), and intravenous to enteral product interchanges (52%). Of these metrics, critical care pharmacists only agreed with the value of the number of clinical interventions, were indifferent to the value of intravenous to oral product interchanges, and disagreed with the value of order verification rate/number of orders verified.

Conclusions

Significant discrepancies exist between institutional productivity metric practices and their perceived value and utility among critical care pharmacists.
Implementing Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assays for Validating Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: Rationale and Methods
Authors: Dhayer Mélanie , Jordao Amélia , Dekiouk Salim , Cleret Damien , Germain Nicolas , Marchetti Philippe
Published: October 2024

Tissue engineering is a promising approach for generating or repairing living tissues. The development of innovative biomaterials for tissue engineering has the potential to address the unmet clinical needs in certain applications. However, before these biomaterials can be used in clinical settings, they must undergo preclinical testing to ensure safety and performance. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a preferred screening tool for studying biocompatibility, angiogenesis, and inflammation induced by biomaterials owing to ethical and economic considerations. This CAM‐based platform increased the throughput of biomaterial testing for tissue engineering before in vivo testing. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of the CAM model. We also provided a step‐by‐step guide for implementing the CAM model in a research laboratory, along with tips and tricks for successfully running CAM assays. Finally, we present examples of biomaterials screened using CAM assays. CAM assay is a powerful in vivo model for assessing the angiogenic potential of tissue‐engineered scaffolds. This guide provides a framework for conducting the assay, but specific experimental conditions should be optimized based on the scaffold material and the research question.
Abdominal POCUS Education for Clinicians: A Systematic Review of Teaching Methods for Point‐of‐Care Abdominal Ultrasonography
Authors: Sveinsson Birkir Örn , Thorsteinsdottir Olof Kristin , Browne Alexander G. P. , Rasmussen Benjamin S. B. , Nielsen Anders Bo , Pietersen Pia Iben
Published: October 2024

This systematic review examines educational strategies in clinician‐performed abdominal point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS), a critical skill with increasing relevance in medical care. Analyzing 28 studies, we highlight the strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of various theoretical and practical components, including, for example, e‐learning and simulation in training programs. The findings emphasize the necessity of blending various educational methods to enhance effectiveness and adaptability in training environments. Ultimately, robust training frameworks are essential to maximize diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes in abdominal POCUS.
Researches on the tender leaf identification and mechanically perceptible plucking finger for high‐quality green tea
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chen Yong , Wang Qianqian , Chen Jun
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Intelligent identification and precise plucking are the keys to intelligent tea harvesting robots, which are currently of increasing significance. Aiming at plucking tender leaves for high‐quality green tea production, in this study, a tender leaf identification algorithm and a mechanically perceptible plucking finger have been proposed.

RESULTS

Based on the segmentation algorithm and color features, the tender leaf identification algorithm shows an average identification accuracy of over 92.8%. The mechanically perceptible plucking finger plucks tender leaves in a way that a human hand does, aiming to maintain the high quality of tea products. Though finite element analysis, we determine the ideal size of grippers and the location of strain gauge attachment on a gripper to enable the employment of feedback control of desired gripping force. As revealed in our experiments, the success rate of tender leaf plucking reaches 92.5%, demonstrating the effectiveness of our design.

CONCLUSION

The results show that the tender leaf identification algorithm and the mechanically perceptible plucking finger are effective for identification of tender leaves and plucking, providing a foundation for the development of an intelligent tender leaf plucking robot. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing the gel properties of soy protein isolate: the role of oxidized konjac glucomannan in acid‐induced gelation
Authors: Li Yijia , Zeng Zhilong , Chen Zhaojun , Wang Haoyuan , Qin Xiaoli , Liu Xiong
Published: October 2024

Background

Soy protein isolate (SPI) gels formed using a single coagulant often have poor water‐holding capacity (WHC) and low hardness, making them fragile and unsuitable for transportation and storage. Adding compound coagulants or polysaccharides can improve the gelation properties of SPI gels induced by gluconolactone (GDL). This study explores the impact of oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKGM) on the physicochemical and structural properties of GDL‐induced SPI gels, with the aim of evaluating the potential of OKGM for enhancing the overall quality and stability of these gels.

Results

In this study, the composite gels demonstrated a significant increase in whiteness (69.02% to 70.59%) compared with the SPI gel (67.41%). Key physicochemical properties, such as water‐holding capacity (WHC), textural characteristics, viscoelasticity, and thermal stability, were notably improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a reduction in the average pore diameter of the composite gels from 70.57 ± 4.13 μm to 37.19 ± 0.24 μm when the oxidation degree of OKGM was kept at or below 60 min, contributing to a more compact and orderly microstructure. Enhanced hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions within the composite gels also accelerated the gelation process, shortening the gelation time from 15.77 ± 0.37 min to 12.45 ± 0.18 min.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that OKGM acts effectively as a gel enhancer, improving the physicochemical and structural properties of SPI gels significantly. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Response of Plant Phylogenetic Structure to Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) Disturbance on Alpine Meadow of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Xinyang , Li Jing , Wang Suqin , Tan Zhaoxian , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Wang Yihong , Yao Baohui , Qu Jiapeng
Published: October 2024

Plant community construction is influenced by bottom‐up processes, such as environmental factors, and top‐down processes, such as herbivore disturbances. With climate change and overgrazing, the stability of plant community structure and function decreases, and more land at risk of degradation. However, the response of the plant community to interference from native herbivores under similar environmental conditions remains unclear. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is an important small rodent inhabiting the alpine meadow of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, and its disturbance may accelerate the degradation of grassland ecosystems when its population experiences a burst. In this study, we investigated the plant communities, collected and analyzed the soil samples, to explore the effects of plateau pikas' disturbance intensity on species composition and phylogenetic structure of plant communities on the alpine meadow. We utilized the generalized additive model and structural equation model to explain and predict the response of plant phylogenetic structure and species competition to the disturbance of plateau pikas. Our results indicated that plateau pika disturbance altered the dominance of plant groups, increased species substitution, and facilitated coexistence among different species, and it affected deterministic processes, reduced interspecific competition intensity, and promoted the dispersion of phylogenetic structures. These findings suggested that plateau pika, as a small native herbivore, plays a significant role in fostering multi‐species plant communities. Therefore, it is essential to manage plateau pika disturbance intensity to maintain the stability of alpine meadow plant communities, as well as to influence the long‐term succession of grassland ecosystems. This study provides some new evidence for exploring the effects of native small herbivores on the changes in grassland plant communities.
Game Analysis of Customers' Participation in New Product Conceptions Selection Based on Separation Sequential Equilibrium
Authors: Cao Jingzhi , Wu Haiquan
Published: October 2024

Customer participation in new product development (NPD) has various advantages and disadvantages, research has proven that its beneficial factors are more in the early stages. The key in the initial phase of NPD is to understand the real needs of customers. In recent years, research in this field has been done mainly through questionnaires or data mining. However, most of the research have ignored the fact that customer preferences are private information and the influence of different customer groups on their willingness to participate. Because the selection of new product ideas takes place in the early stages of NPD and the degree of advance of customers is also an important parameter that indicates their willingness to cooperate in NPD activities, this paper will study the mechanism of private transfer of customers. Preferences will be considered in the selection phase of NPD concepts and their top grade. Results showed that the leading customers have reasonable motivation to participate in new product development, and advanced customers are more willing to express their product viewpoints.
Demand Information Forecasting and Sharing in a Remanufacturing Closed‐Loop Supply Chain
Authors: Zhou Meiling , Zhou Pin , Xia Yuqing , Hong Xianpei
Published: October 2024

We delve into the incorporation of demand information forecasting and the subsequent information sharing in a closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC). We consider the competition between an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and an independent remanufacturer (IR). The OEM autonomously determines whether to forecast demand information and further considers whether to disseminate the realized demand signal to the IR. We find that the IR adopts either a partial‐ or a full‐remanufacturing strategy to compete with the OEM. The OEM shares negative demand signals with the IR, as such signals decrease the retail prices and increase the production quantity of all‐new products. Additionally, the sharing of negative demand signals helps alleviate the cannibalization effect caused by the introduction of remanufactured products. When examining the optimal sharing strategy in equilibrium, the OEM only invests in forecasting demand if the forecasting cost is relatively low. Furthermore, the numerical studies reveal that, in equilibrium, the OEM does not necessarily benefit from possessing more precise demand information. Additionally, we assess the influence of consumers' environmental awareness on the production decisions of both companies. The findings indicate that heightened environmental awareness prompts the IR to adopt a full‐remanufacturing strategy, and the information management strategies remain robust.
Quaternionic free metaplectic transformation
Authors: Zayed Mohra , El Haoui Youssef
Published: October 2024

The free metaplectic transform (FMT), a generalized form of the linear canonical transform (LCT), has proven to be a useful analytical tool in signal processing applications. This paper aims to generalize the FMT to a quaternionic framework involving the two‐dimensional signals. We further study some properties that correspond to those of the standard ones, including linearity, uniform continuity, inversion, and Parseval's identity for this new integral transform, which we coin as the quaternionic free metaplectic transform (QFMT). Furthermore, utilizing the relationship between the general quaternionic Fourier transform and the QFMT, several uncertainty principles (UPs) for the QFMT are established, including the Heisenberg–Weyl UP, Hardy UP, logarithmic UP, Donoho–Stark UP, and entropic UP. We expect that this paper will open up avenues of promising research and applications involving this new transformation.
Monte Carlo modeling of the origin of contaminant electrons on a 0.5T bi‐planar Linac‐MR
Authors: Reynolds Michael , Oliver Patricia A. K. , Wood Tania , Yip Eugene , Tari Shima Y. , Wachowicz Keith , Burke Ben , Fallone B. Gino
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In the last decade, hybrid linear accelerator magnetic resonance imaging (Linac‐MR) devices have evolved into FDA‐cleared clinical tools, facilitating magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). The addition of a magnetic field to radiation therapy has previously demonstrated dosimetric and electron effects regardless of magnetic field orientation.

Purpose

This study uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the importance and efficacy of the magnetic field design in mitigating surface dose enhancement in the Aurora‐RT, focusing specifically on contaminant electrons, their origin, and energy spectrum.

Methods

The Aurora‐RT 0.5 T Biplanar Linac‐MR device was modeled using the BEAMnrc package using the updated EM macros, a magnetic field map generated from Opera 3D. Simulation generated phasespace data at the distal side of the first magnetic pole plate (89 cm) and at machine isocenter (120 cm) were analyzed with respect to electron energy spectra and electron creation origins, both with and without the static magnetic field.

Results

The presence of the main magnetic field was verified to affect the origin and distribution of contaminant electrons, removing them from the air column up to 60 cm from the target, and focusing them along the CAX within the region below. Analysis of the remaining electron energy fluence reveals the net removal of electrons with energies > 2 MeV and generation of electrons with energies < 2 MeV in the presence of the static magnetic field as compared to no magnetic field. Moreover, in the presence of the magnetic field the integral energy contained in the contaminant electrons increases from 89 cm to isocenter but is still 15% less overall than the integral energy contained in contaminant electrons without the magnetic field.

Conclusion

This study provides an analysis of contaminant electrons in the Aurora‐RT 0.5 T Linac‐MR, emphasizing the role of magnetic field design in successfully minimizing electron contaminants.
Artificial Spidroin Nanogenerator‐Based Articulus Wound Dressing
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Li Shuhuan , Gao Bingbing
Published: October 2024

Articulus wound infection is a threat to human health. Existing medical materials have poor biocompatibility and may contain harmful chemicals, causing allergies and secondary infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative medical materials. Materials made of artificial spider silk proteins have been widely used in wound healing because of their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, cell adhesion and bioelectronic properties.
Heat‐Treatment and Water Immersion Effect on the Mechanical Properties and Joint Strength of 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors: Öztürk Fatih Huzeyfe , Öz Özkan
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the effect of short‐time water immersion (WI) and heat‐treatment (HT) post‐processes on the mechanical properties and joint strength of printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts with various raster angles. Using these post‐processing methods to enhance the joint strength of printed PLA parts could be deemed as the novelty and the contribution of the current study. The WI and HT of the tensile test specimens and the adherends of the bonded joints were carried out at 21°C and 90°C, respectively. Depending on the raster angle, the tensile strength of the heat‐treated specimens was about 11%–43% higher than that of the untreated specimens. Interestingly, it was found that WI had a more significant effect on the strength of printed parts than HT. In the case of WI, the tensile strength was increased by about 27%–57% as compared to the untreated specimens. Joint tests revealed that HT and WI exerted a similar positive effect on the strength of the joints. The findings highlighted that short‐time WI is at least as effective as HT in increasing the tensile and joint strengths of 3D‐printed PLA parts.
Isolation of Cellulose Nanofibers From Sunflower Seed Husks via Formic Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Battalova Ainur , Akatan Kydyrmolla , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Ibraeva Zhanar , Madiar Beisebekov , Esbol Shaimardan , Nurgamit Kantay , Dzhumanazarova Asylkan , Joshy K. S. , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2024

Nanocellulose has garnered great interest among researchers because of its biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, high strength and versatile functionality. The present study focuses on the development of an eco‐friendly, benign method to extract cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from waste sunflower husks (SFHs) using formic acid hydrolysis. Both CNFs and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were obtained in high yields from SFHs. The enhanced colloidal stability of CNFs was evident from the ζ potential values, which ranged from −11.8 to −19.6 mV. Varying yields of CNFs were obtained by differing reaction times, though all were found to be thermally stable. SEM and TEM were used for the morphological analysis. The removal of non‐cellulose constituents was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The enhancement of crystallinity upon treatment was examined using XRD analysis. The thermal stability of the cellulose extracted was checked via TGA. The present method of extraction of CNFs and MCC from waste SFHs using formic acid could open a new way of bulk production of nanocellulose fibers for the manufacture of green, value‐added products in high‐end fields, including electronics, agriculture and biomedicine, among others.
The Efficacy of Laughter Therapy on Psychological Symptoms in People With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Lin Guijiao , Yang Liu , Wang Yajiao , Lin Rujia , Huang Bichun , Sheng Xia , Wu Xinlei , Cao Zhiyun
Published: October 2024

Objective

Cancer patients generally have high stress levels, which often leads to depression, anxiety and other psychological problems. Laughter therapy has been used to relieve stress, depression and anxiety in cancer patients, but its efficacy is uncertain. The study aims to summarize evidence on the efficacy of laughter therapy on psychological symptoms of people with cancer.

Methods

A search was conducted in 10 electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported before May 2023. This systematic review was reported based on the PRISMA 2020 statement. The evaluation of methodological quality and risk of biases were conducted by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool version 2, and evidence evaluation was conducted using the GRADE pro online assessment tool. Statistical analysis adopted the Review Manager version 5.4 software.

Results

A total of eight studies were included involving 543 participants. Meta‐analysis showed that laughter therapy plus routine nursing produced more positive effects than routine nursing in relieving stress (SMD = −1.18, 95% CI −1.73, −0.62, p < 0.0001), depression (SMD = −1.05, 95% CI −1.30, −0.81, p < 0.00001) and anxiety (SMD = −0.81, 95% CI −1.20, −0.43, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Laughter therapy could effectively relieve stress, depression and anxiety of cancer patients. Future studies should improve the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials, conduct appropriate follow‐up, and report details of follow‐up. Additionally, it should perform multi‐center and large‐sample studies, and combine both subjective and objective outcome indications to enhance the persuasiveness of evidence supporting the effectiveness of laughter therapy.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO register: CRD 42023452739
The Supportive Care Needs of Individuals Living With Advanced or Metastatic Lung Cancer Receiving Targeted or Immunotherapies
Authors: Kearns Emma , Chu Alanna K. , Nissim Rinat , Wheatley‐Price Paul , Aubry Tim , Lebel Sophie
Published: October 2024

Objective

Lung cancer is associated with the highest incidence and mortality of all cancers. New treatments, called targeted therapies (TT) and immunotherapies (IO), offer higher treatment efficacy and fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments but are accompanied by uncertainty and an unpredictable treatment course. There is a paucity of research on the experiences of individuals living with advanced or metastatic lung cancer receiving TT/IO, and even less is known about the supportive care needs of this population.

Methods

Twenty four participants from across Canada participated in semi‐structured interviews regarding their supportive care needs. Thematic analysis was utilized to identify their supportive care needs.

Results

Qualitative coding identified unmet needs and challenges. All participants indicated difficulties with unmet supportive care needs, including psychological, informational, and practical needs.

Conclusions

The exploration of supportive care experiences of patients receiving TT/IO exposes high distress and unmet needs. Results indicate the need for timely and accessible supportive cancer care. Results can inform patient advocacy efforts and the development of new services.
A Review on the Gas‐Phase Modeling Study of Aluminum Combustion in Various Environments
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Xiao , Chen Chao , Li Haijian , Yi Jianhua , Xu Yi , Sun Zhihua , Zhao Fengqi
Published: October 2024

Aluminum combustion is an area of intense research due to its wide‐ranging applications in the aerospace, automotive, energy storage carrier and defense industries. Gas‐phase reaction mechanism plays an important role on the prediction of the combustion intermediates and final products, which can significantly affect the combustion heat releases and combustion organization forms. In recent years, researchers have developed some gas‐phase reaction mechanisms to predict the combustion phenomenon and behavior of aluminum in different environments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in gas‐phase modeling study on aluminum combustion with various oxidizers, including oxygen, steam, carbon dioxide and so on. The primary oxidation reactions of aluminum were concluded, and the rate coefficients of these reactions were also reviewed and compared in this work. Besides, the simulations by using the gas‐phase reaction mechanisms were reviewed and the main oxidation reaction pathways of aluminum with various oxidizers were analyzed based on modeling analysis results. Combining phase change reactions and surface reactions, gas‐phase reaction mechanism will become more important for prediction the combustion speed, combustion temperature and combustion mode of aluminum in future.
Selective Inhibition of hsp90 Paralogs: Uncovering the Role of Helix 1 in Grp94‐Selective Ligand Binding
Authors: Que Nanette L. S. , Seidler Paul M. , Aw Wen J. , Chiosis Gabriela , Gewirth Daniel T.
Published: October 2024

Grp94 is the endoplasmic reticulum paralog of the hsp90 family of chaperones, which have been targeted for therapeutic intervention via their highly conserved ATP binding sites. The design of paralog‐selective inhibitors relies on understanding the protein structural elements that drive higher affinity in selective inhibitors. Here, we determined the structures of Grp94 and Hsp90 in complex with the Grp94‐selective inhibitor PU‐H36, and of Grp94 with the non‐selective inhibitor PU‐H71. In Grp94, PU‐H36 derives its higher affinity by utilizing Site 2, a Grp94‐specific side pocket adjoining the ATP binding cavity, but in Hsp90 PU‐H36 occupies Site 1, a side pocket that is accessible in all paralogs with which it makes lower affinity interactions. The structure of Grp94 in complex with PU‐H71 shows only Site 1 binding. While changes in the conformation of helices 4 and 5 in the N‐terminal domain occur when ligands bind to Site 1 of both Hsp90 and Grp94, large conformational shifts that also involve helix 1 are associated with the engagement of the Site 2 pocket in Grp94 only. Site 2 in Hsp90 is blocked and its helix 1 conformation is insensitive to ligand binding. To understand the role of helix 1 in ligand selectivity, we tested the binding of PU‐H36 and other Grp94‐selective ligands to chimeric Grp94/Hsp90 constructs. These studies show that helix 1 is the major determinant of selectivity for Site 2 targeted ligands and also influences the rate of ATPase activity in Hsp90 paralogs.
Optimizing Sample Size Determinations for Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cambon Alexander C. , Travis James , Sun Liping , Idokogi Jada , Kettermann Anna
Published: October 2024

An informed estimate of subject‐level variance is a key determinate for accurate estimation of the required sample size for clinical trials. Evaluating completed adult Type 2 diabetes studies submitted to the FDA for accuracy of the variance estimate at the planning stage provides insights to inform the sample size requirements for future studies. From the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database of new drug applications containing 14,106 subjects from 26 phase 3 randomized studies submitted to the FDA in support of drug approvals in adult type 2 diabetes studies reviewed between 2013 and 2017, we obtained estimates of subject‐level variance for the primary endpoint—change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to 6 months. In addition, we used nine additional studies to examine the impact of clinically meaningful covariates on residual standard deviation and sample size re‐estimation. Our analyses show that reduced sample sizes can be used without interfering with the validity of efficacy results for adult type 2 diabetes drug trials. This finding has implications for future research involving the adult type 2 diabetes population, including the potential to reduce recruitment period length and improve the timeliness of results. Furthermore, our findings could be utilized in the design of future endocrinology clinical trials.
Prediction Intervals for Overdispersed Poisson Data and Their Application in Medical and Pre‐Clinical Quality Control
Authors: Menssen Max , Dammann Martina , Fneish Firas , Ellenberger David , Schaarschmidt Frank
Published: October 2024

In pre‐clinical and medical quality control, it is of interest to assess the stability of the process under monitoring or to validate a current observation using historical control data. Classically, this is done by the application of historical control limits (HCL) graphically displayed in control charts. In many applications, HCL are applied to count data, for example, the number of revertant colonies (Ames assay) or the number of relapses per multiple sclerosis patient. Count data may be overdispersed, can be heavily right‐skewed and clusters may differ in cluster size or other baseline quantities (e.g., number of petri dishes per control group or different length of monitoring times per patient). Based on the quasi‐Poisson assumption or the negative‐binomial distribution, we propose prediction intervals for overdispersed count data to be used as HCL. Variable baseline quantities are accounted for by offsets. Furthermore, we provide a bootstrap calibration algorithm that accounts for the skewed distribution and achieves equal tail probabilities. Comprehensive Monte‐Carlo simulations assessing the coverage probabilities of eight different methods for HCL calculation reveal, that the bootstrap calibrated prediction intervals control the type‐1‐error best. Heuristics traditionally used in control charts (e.g., the limits in Shewhart c‐ or u‐charts or the mean ± 2 SD) fail to control a pre‐specified coverage probability. The application of HCL is demonstrated based on data from the Ames assay and for numbers of relapses of multiple sclerosis patients. The proposed prediction intervals and the algorithm for bootstrap calibration are publicly available via the R package predint.
Investigation of physical processes in heavy rainfall events over the Western Indian region in an ensemble‐based modeling framework and comprehensive rating metrics
Authors: Vishwakarma Vijay , Pattnaik Sandeep
Published: October 2024

The study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate the heavy rainfall event (HRE) over the Gujarat in 2022. A multiphysics ensemble modeling framework is used to elucidate the new scientific insights causing this event up to a forecast lead time of 96 hr. The ensembles comprise six schemes for planetary boundary layer, cloud microphysics, cumulus, and two land‐use and land surface parameterizations (a total of 44 experiments). Based on the comprehensive rating metrics (CRM), the top three (i.e., E6, E2, EISRO) and bottom three (i.e., EUSGS, E8, E7) ensemble models are segregated. Results indicate that among all the CRM, total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) contribute majorly toward the ranking of a model. In general, the ensemble has superior performance compared to deterministic models. Dynamical parameters (i.e., vertically integrated moisture flux transport [VIMFT], low‐level convergence, wind, and relative vorticity at 850 hPa) in all the ensembles captured the HRE signature robustly on day 1 and day 2 compared to day 3 and day 4. However, the mixed‐parameterized model (EISRO) produced the most realistic structure, emphasizing the importance of LULC. It is revealed that, during the initial hours (up to day 2) of the HRE, dynamical processes mainly regulate the convective parameters and as the system matures thermodynamical processes are dominant with the least contribution from transient eddy processes. Further analysis demonstrated that dynamical, thermodynamical, and transient eddy processes show unique patterns regulating the moisture distribution over the region. Beside the distinct north–south alignment of localized convection, the dynamical processes are noted to have the strongest correlation with the VIMFT followed by thermodynamical and eddy processes over the impacted region.
Imaging of acute dissemination of tuberculosis caused by alveolar lavage surgery in endobronchial tuberculosis characterized by caseous necrosis
Authors: Cui Yunjie , Wang Bo , Yang Cuiping
Published: October 2024

Large amount of caseating overlying on bronchus were detected under bronchoscopy in our case. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a major method for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). TB dissemination caused by bronchoalveolar lavage is very rare. In this case, the patient developed fever after bronchoalveolar lavage and CT confirmed acute dissemination. This might be related to caseating EBTB.
Role of public schools in education decisions in rural India
Authors: Dua Sonal , Gupta Divya , Singhal Aditi , Thomas Naveen Joseph
Published: October 2024

Education is a fundamental pillar of human development, and India's Right to Education Act 2009 established it as a basic right for children aged 5–14. Despite this, many children in rural India still struggle to access basic schooling, which affects their ability to continue their education. In this paper, we explore factors influencing school participation and continuation of children aged 5–16 years in rural India, with a specific focus on the role of having an appropriate public school within the village after the Act's implementation. An ‘appropriate school’ is defined based on the last class a child attended. Using data from the nationally representative Annual Survey of Education Report (ASER), our analysis employs a pooled cross‐section logistical model. The findings reveal that the presence of an appropriate public school in the village significantly increases the likelihood of a child attending school. This effect is particularly pronounced for girls, highlighting the importance of accessible schooling in fulfilling the Right to Education Act's objectives.

The results underscore the need for policy makers to ensure the availability of appropriate public schools at all educational levels within villages, as this is crucial for enhancing school attendance and reducing dropout rates, especially among girls.

Context and implications

Rationale of the study: To understand how inadequate and unequal access to school infrastructure, especially the absence of government schools, explains a significant proportion of children in India not completing their schooling.

Why the new findings matter: The findings strongly underscore the importance of ensuring access to a school within the village, particularly for girls.

Implications: There is a need to view school education as one composite goal to enhance participation and reduce dropout rates across all levels, aligning with the Samagra Shiksha scheme's principles of equitable access to all levels of education and inclusion of disadvantaged groups. Achieving these goals requires investment in existing school infrastructure to support expansion and resource provision for higher levels of schooling. With educational spending at approximately 3% of GDP between 2010 and 2020, much lower than the 6% recommended by the National Education Policy 2020, addressing this gap presents an opportunity to improve educational outcomes nationwide.
Characterization of Fresh, Deactivated, and Regenerated TS‐1 for Propylene Epoxidation: Investigating Surface Deactivation Species
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Ting , Bao Xiaohui , Ma Hongxi , Zhao Jigang
Published: October 2024

Titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) serves as an effective catalyst for propylene epoxidation in the hydrogen peroxide propylene oxide (HPPO) process, attracting wide attention from researchers and industry. Nonetheless, the TS‐1 catalyst experienced inevitable deactivation during industrial applications, which adversely impacts its lifespan. To enhance reaction stability of catalyst, the present work conducted a systematic investigation into the deactivation reason of the TS‐1 catalyst. The fresh, deactivated, and regenerated catalysts were characterized by using various analytical techniques to compare their physicochemical properties. The surface coke species of the deactivated catalysts were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method and subsequently analyzed using GC–MS. Additionally, the pathways for by‐product formation were simulated through Gauss software. The results indicated that the so‐called coking deposits formed during the reaction predominantly consist of propylene glycol, ethers, and oligomers. These coke species covered the partial active sites on the catalyst surface, blocked the pores of the catalyst, and accordingly led to the deactivation of the catalyst, although the crystalline structure of the catalyst hardly changed after deactivation. These results provide a theoretical basis and novel insights for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for the HPPO process.
Analysis of Accelerated Weathering Effect on Polyethylene With Varied Parameters Using a Combination of Analytical Techniques
Authors: Zhang Shuqing , Lin Ting , Zhang Chengcheng , Yang Wenzhao , Zhou Xingyu , Cable Rachel , Choi Jessica , Michaelson Elizabeth , Thakre Piyush , Serrat Cristina , Tan Yujing , Hu Jing , Meunier David , Lai Yuming , Duhaime Melissa , Chen Zhan
Published: October 2024

Plastics make up a great portion of solid waste that constitutes an emerging threat to the natural environment. Among plastics, polyethylene is the most widely used in the world. In this research, polyethylene materials with different densities designed for packaging applications are the subject of a degradation study. The materials were exposed to simulated solar exposure and were characterized by a combination of analytical techniques to compare both chemical and physical changes, including attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), water contact angle measurements, Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X‐ray Diffraction (GIXRD) and nanoindentation tests. The experimental data were systematically analyzed using statistic methods. It was found that the extent of the increase of polar groups, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and elastic modulus depends on both the density of polyethylene and the duration of UV aging. These changes result from photooxidation and the subsequent structure reorganization occurring in amorphous chains. The implementation of various analytical techniques and statistical analysis provides a holistic understanding of polyethylene degradation behaviors. The knowledge of increased hydrophilicity/polarity in polyethylene is crucial for understanding the fate of plastics in the environment because such polyethylene changes also facilitate the environmental biodegradation on initially non‐polar polyethylene.
An Expedient Approach for the Regioselective Synthesis of Fully Functionalized and Highly Substituted N‐Methyl‐1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst
Authors: Katariya Ashishkumar P. , Kanagare Anant B. , Tagad Chandrakant K. , Katariya Maya V. , Kharat Arun. S. , Deshmukh Satish U.
Published: October 2024

A facile and highly efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of extensively functionalized, fully substituted N‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. This approach is a one‐pot pseudo‐three‐constituent cyclo‐condensation of aromatic aldehydes with (E)‐N‐methyl‐1‐(methylthio)‐2‐nitroethenamine (NMSM). This reaction presumably entails the Knoevenagel reaction followed by Michael addition and regioselective N‐cyclization with removing methanethiol and producing two C─C bonds and one C─N bond. The key advantages of this strategy include an optimized reaction time, achieving moderate to excellent yields, a straightforward experimental procedure, and the use of the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [(EMIM)Ac] as the catalyst. The resulting derivatives were well characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.
Melanin Hydrogel Inverse Opal Microneedle Patches for Wound Healing
Authors: Lu Minhui , Cao Xinyue , Luo Zhiqiang , Bian Feika , Wang Yu , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: October 2024

Bacterial infected wounds bring an economic burden to the worldwide medical care field. A variety of bioactives‐integrated hydrogel patches are developed in response to this challenge. Here, the melanin hydrogel inverse opal microneedle patches (MNs) with antioxidant and visual color sensing abilities for the management of bacterial infected wounds are proposed. The MNs are fabricated by applying melanin‐loaded polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as the inverse opal hydrogel and using bacitracin‐carried gelatin to fill those nanopores of hydrogel scaffold. Benefitting from the antioxidant capacity of melanin nanoparticles and the local antimicrobial ability of bacitracin, the resulting MNs possess the integrated functions of reactive oxygen species scavenging and antibacterial. Besides, the inverse opal structure endows the MNs with vivid structure color and detectable reflected wavelength, which can gradually shift with the release of the drug, thus allowing MNs to assess the drug delivery. Based on these characteristics, MNs perform excellent in in vitro drug delivery and monitoring, as well as the promotion of bacterial infected wound recovery in vivo, indicating the potential of MNs in the future wound management field.
A Plantar Pressure Detection and Gait Analysis System Based on Flexible Triboelectric Pressure Sensor Array and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Hanyan , Gui Yingying , Gu Guangqin , Ren Hengxian , Zhang Wenhe , Du Zuliang , Cheng Gang
Published: October 2024

Gait detection is essential for the assessment of human health status and early diagnosis of diseases. The current gait analysis systems are bulky, limited in the scope of use, and cause interference with the movement of the measured person. Hence, it is necessary to develop a wearable gait detection system that is soft, breathable, lightweight, and self‐powered. Here, a plantar pressure sensor array and gait analysis system based on a flexible triboelectric pressure sensor (FTPS) array is developed. Soft, breathable, and wearable electrospinning nanofiber film with excellent triboelectric properties is used as the plantar pressure sensor, achieving a high sensitivity of 45.1 mV kPa−1 in the range of 40–200 kPa and 19.4 mV kPa−1 in the range of 200–400 kpa. 32 FTPSs are integrated into an intelligent insole, which has the characteristics of soft, easy production, good air permeability, long‐time stability, no external power supply, and etc. Based on the long short‐term memory artificial neural network deep learning model, the accuracy of gait judgment can reach 94.23%. This work provides a feasible solution for real‐time gait detection, which will have potential applications in human health assessment and early diagnosis of disease.
Innovative Wearable Electronics: Next‐Generation Nitrogen‐Doped Lutetium‐Carbon Microspheres Composites for Robust Energy Harvesting
Authors: Parvin Nargish , Kumar Vineet , Park Sang‐Shin , Mandal Tapas Kumar , Joo Sang Woo
Published: October 2024

In the quest to advance wearable electronics, this study presents a novel method using nitrogen‐doped lutetium‐carbon microspheres (N, Lu‐CMS) for high‐performance piezoelectric energy harvesting. The synthesis of N, Lu‐CMS begins with the polymerization of sucrose, followed by the preparation of N, Lu‐CMS metal complexes through the incorporation of lutetium (III) nitrate hydrate and thiourea, yielding a black powder product. The wearable electronic device is designed with a silicon rubber (SR) matrix, reinforced with 0D fillers such as N, Lu‐CMS, or molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). Mechanical testing revealed a significant improvement in compressive modulus, reaching 3.7 MPa (N, Lu‐CMS) at a concentration of 3 parts per hundred rubber (phr). Electromechanical assessments demonstrated efficient energy conversion, while biomechanical analysis, including thumb pressing tests, showed a notable increase in output voltage, peaking at ≈285 mV (N, Lu‐CMS) at 3 phr. This research provides a foundation for future engineering applications, particularly in electronic packaging for wearable electronics and smart devices, underscoring the significant impact of N, Lu‐CMS in this emerging field. The surface power density achieved is 0.026 nW cm−2 (N, Lu‐CMS) and 0.0056 nW cm−2 (Hybrid). Lastly, the conversion efficiency is 6.26% for N, Lu‐CMS, and 1.05% for the hybrid system.
Significantly Enhanced Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Charge Storage and Release Strategy
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Peinian , Wang Zhenjie , Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Jianlong , Yu Xin , Yu Yang , Li Hengyu , Cheng Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

As a novel energy harvesting technology, bettering the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is vital. Although quite a number methods to increase charge density have been proposed, challenges such as high impedance matching and low output current persist, severely limit the energy utilization efficiency of TENGs. Here, a new power management circuit (PMC) is proposed that through charge storage and release strategy. This circuit first excites the surface charge of the TENG using the charge excitation circuit, and then releases the stored charge through a self‐triggered switch. Compared to a standard TENG, the output current of the TENG with this PMC is increased by a factor of 1108, the impedance is decreased from 100 MΩ to 10 kΩ, and the energy utilization efficiency is markedly improved. This work affords a reference for enhancing the output performance of TENG, reducing impedance, and broading the utility attainable of TENGs.
Evaluation of the Diversities in the Inflammatory Responses in Cats With Bacterial and Viral Infections
Authors: Erhan Songul , Bilgic Bengu , Ergen Ezgi , Erek Mert , Ergul Ekiz Elif , Ozcan Mukaddes , Or Mehmet Erman , Dokuzeylul Banu , Matur Erdal
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding the nature of inflammatory responses in cats with bacterial and viral infections is essential for accurately managing the infection. This study aimed to investigate the diversities of inflammatory responses between bacterial and viral infections in cats to figure out their role in the pathophysiology of these infections.

Methods

Seventy‐five owned cats were included in the study. The evaluations were performed based on three groups: healthy control, bacterial infection group (those with bronchopneumonia and gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infections) and viral infection group (21 with feline coronavirus [FCoV], 3 with feline leukaemia virus [FeLV] and 1 with feline calicivirus), each containing 25 individuals. Total and differential leukocyte counts, C‐reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) concentrations were assessed in the blood samples collected from sick and healthy animals.

Results

No statistically significant difference was noted in serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 concentrations of the infected cats (p = 0.996, p = 0.160 and p = 0.930, respectively). Serum TGF‐β concentration in the viral infection group was reduced compared to the healthy control (p = 0.001). In contrast, WBC count and IL‐6 and CRP concentrations were increased in the cats with bronchopneumonia, gastrointestinal tract infections and urinary tract infections compared to the healthy control and viral infection groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

This study revealed significant differences between bacterial and viral infections regarding the fashion of inflammatory responses in cats, and the relevant data will undoubtedly contribute to the management and control of feline infectious diseases, rendering the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief history of the development of automatic weather stations at the Institute of Hydrology
Authors: Strangeways Ian
Published: October 2024

In the 1960s, meteorological measurements worldwide were still being made at traditional ‘met sites’, many of which are still in use today. This article describes the development at the Institute of Hydrology of what were to become among the first modern automatic weather stations. In this sense, they are of historic interest.