bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenic poisoning in children assisted in a pediatric emergency unit
Authors: Lourenço Juliana , Furtado Betise Mery Alencar , Bonfim Cristine
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of all exogenic poisoning cases in children assisted in a pediatric emergency unit in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, from April to September 2006. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of exogenic poisoning in 0-12 aged children treated at Centro de Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (Pernambuco Toxicological Assistance Center). The data were collected through interviews and by consulting patients' records. RESULTS: 26 cases of accidental exogenic poisoning were registered, mainly males (65.4%). Regarding age, children under five years old were the most affected (65.4%). Medication was involved in 50.0% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Accidental exogenic poisoning affecting children younger than five years of age stands out as a significant public health problem. As a member of a multiprofessional health team, the nurse plays an important role in health education and in the measures to prevent child poisoning.
The nursing professional in an Intensive Therapy Unit
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Espósito Vitória Helena Cunha , Silva Gilberto Tadeu Reis da
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to gain insight into the meaning of being a nursing professional working in a public Intensive Therapy Unit (ITU). This study addresses aspects related to their way of being and feeling from the perspective of ITU patients care and treatment. METHODS: A qualitative research was applied based on a phenomenological background. The guiding question of the study was "what does it mean to you being an ITU nursing professional?" RESULTS: The results show that the lack of human and material resources in the ITU contributes to a feeling of low self-esteem. It pointed out a stressfull work which can lead to problems in the health assistance quality. CONCLUSION: The stress at work affects psychologically the ITU nursing professionals and it can have negative outcomes in the patients treatment, caused by the isolation and aleniation phenomena.
The effect of educative interventions on the pressure ulcer prevention knowledge of nursing professionals
Authors: Fernandes Luciana Magnani , Caliri Maria Helena Larcher , Haas Vanderlei José
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of the educative interventions on nursing staff knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention in Intensive Care Centers (ICC). It is a descriptive-comparative study. METHODS: Data were collected from nursing team members before and after educative interventions using a knowledge test with true-false questions related to pressure ulcer prevention and description as a research instrument. RESULTS: Seven registered nurses participated in the pre-intervention phase only and obtained 86.4% of correct answers. The nursing assistants and technicians (n=25) obtained 74.3% of correct answers in the pre-intervention phase and 81.2% (n=36) in the post-intervention phase, showing improvement in the results after the intervention for this group. CONCLUSION: Even though the strategies used were not totally effective, as in some questions the rate of correct answers was below 70%. New interventions might be used to obtain greater staff adhesion and to improve their knowledge about the issue.
Construtivismo: experiência metodológica em pesquisa na enfermagem
Authors: Thofehrn Maira Buss , Leopardi Maria Tereza , Amestoy Simone Coelho
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve o objetivo de socializar a experiência metodológica de uma pesquisa construtivista, sob os preceitos de Vygotsky quanto ao ensino-aprendizagem e Rodwell como estratégia investigativa. MÉTODOS: O construtivismo busca a interação do sujeito-objeto com o meio ambiente. Essa estratégia foi utilizada para construção de um modelo para formação e afirmação de vínculos profissionais saudáveis, junto à equipe de enfermagem. O critério de confiabilidade adotado foi a triangulação na obtenção dos dados: entrevista semi-estruturada, observação simples e grupo focal. RESULTADOS: É gratificante trabalhar com a metodologia e a teoria em questão, em virtude do respeito pelo sujeito pesquisado e flexibilidade do pesquisador. É relevante a utilização da triangulação, pois cada técnica utilizada complementa as brechas e assim alcança-se o objetivo do estudo. CONCLUSÃO: O investigador, apesar da responsabilidade pelo resultado da pesquisa, consegue efetuar um estudo participativo mediante uma construção coletiva.
The chronic patient in face of falling ill and the treatment compliance
Authors: Linck Caroline de Leon , Bielemann Valquíria de Lourdes Machado , Sousa Afra Suelene de , Lange Celmira
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE: It has, as its purpose, to know these patients' perceptions on the reasons that make them comply, or not, with the treatment. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive approach, with five inpatients at a Medical Clinic Unit in a university hospital in Southern Brazil. RESULTS: The data were collected in semi-structured interviews and analyzed when three themes were present: perception of the disease, importance of the therapeutics and difficulty to perform the therapeutics. CONCLUSION: It was made evident that, when complying with the treatment, there are several factors involved that add to the complexity of this issue, being related to people's behavior and their motivations, and becoming an important challenge to be overcome by the healthcare professionals.
The hospital discharge as evaluated by patients and their caregivers: an integrative literature review
Authors: Ganzella Marcela , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hospital discharge among patients and their caregivers. METHODS: A integrative literature review was performed in the database of Pubmed, CINAHL and Lilacs from 2000 and 2005, focusing on the adult patient discharge and elderly with clinical-surgical problems, published in the English or Portuguese language. RESULTS: The population was made up of 54 publications and the sample was made up of 23 papers, which were sorted into two theme categories: 13 focused on the effectiveness and 10 on the process inefficiency. CONCLUDING REMARKS: In the subjects standpoints, the effectiveness of the discharge planning stems to the provision of information related to the disease and its treatment, contents suitable to their socioeducational characteristics and needs, through individual educational strategies, visual and written, and suitable communication among professionals, patients, caregivers and services.
Instrument of student assessment based on nursing managerial competences
Authors: Tronchin Daisy Maria Rizatto , Gonçalves Vera Lucia Mira , Leite Maria Madalena Januário , Melleiro Marta Maria
Published: July 2008

When the students conclude the Curricular Training on Nursing Management discipline from the Professional Guidance Department at USP School of Nursing (EE-USP), they answer a self-assessment which scores from zero to ten the trainee program and a also participates in a group assessment, carried out by the professor and nurses from the units, practice fields. In this process, it was applied an instrument aiming at measuring students performance concerning managerial contents. With the purpose of accompanying students' background development according to the Pedagogical-Political Project by EE-USP, aiming at a meaningful learning that minimizes the theory/practice dichotomy, a new instrument was developed to assess students having nursing managerial competences as baseline. This study aims at describing the experience of building up an instrument for students assessment related to the nursing managerial competences. This paper has the purpose of reporting the following prognosticators: planning, decision-taking, supervision, human resource management, material resource management, information system, interpersonal relationship, responsibility, commitment and case study.
The dis-membered body: bodily fragmentation as a metaphor for political renewal
Authors: Guldin Rainer
Published: July 2008

In recent years, the theme of bodily fragmentation has received much attention in academic studies in Europe. The body and its parts have come to be viewed as text, trope, or metaphor, allowing one to think of the social systems. Based on contemporary reflections dealing with the body as text or discourse, including Mikhail Bakhtin, Stefanie Wenner, and Jacques Lacan, the current article revisits Empedocles and Plutarch to discuss particularly the anthropological and philosophical aspects of the concepts that have been constructed concerning the body.
Um pedaço de carne que pensa
Authors: Krause Gustavo Bernardo
Published: July 2008

A partir do corpo despedaçado do personagem Joe, do livro e do filme Johnny got his gun, de Dalton Trumbo, este artigo estuda a fragmentação da História e da Ciência na Pós-História. O conceito de Pós-História, por sua vez, formulado por Vilém Flusser, entende que Auschwitz e Hiroshima, longe de serem acidentes de percurso da racionalidade ocidental, revelaram-se suas conseqüências lógicas e instituíram crise de representação tão intensa que alterou a própria noção de progresso.
Produção de morangueiro cv. "Cegnidarem" sob túnel plástico
Authors: Oliveira Roberto Pedroso de , Scivittaro Walkyria Bueno
Published: July 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de morangueiro "Cegnidarem", de dia neutro, comparando-a com a produção das cultivares "Aromas" e "Diamante" nas condições climáticas da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. O experimento foi realizado em Pelotas, utilizando sistema de produção sob túnel baixo e irrigação por gotejamento. O transplantio das mudas foi realizado em julho de 2007. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por 30 plantas, que foram avaliadas quanto ao número, à produção e à matéria fresca dos frutos, semanalmente, no período de outubro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. A produção acumulada de frutos por planta da cv. "Cegnidarem" (613,9g) é maior que a da "Aromas" (536,1g) e "Diamante" (431,5g). Além disso, o número de frutos produzidos por planta da "Cegnidarem" (39,2) é maior que o da "Aromas" (32,2) e o da "Diamante" (22,6). No entanto, a matéria fresca média dos frutos da "Cegnidarem" (15,3g) é menor que a da "Diamante" (18,5g). Em função do desempenho produtivo obtido, a cv. "Cegnidarem" consiste em mais uma alternativa para os produtores de morango da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul.
Características sociodemográficas da mortalidade por câncer de boca em Bauru, SP, no período de 1991 a 2001: uso de geoprocessamento
Authors: Oliveira Carine Ervolino de , Bernini Gabriel Fiorelli , Miyazaki Luís César Y. , Tomita Nilce Emy
Published: July 2008

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de boca no período de 1991-2001, no município de Bauru-SP. A fonte de informação utilizada para o reconhecimento e seleção da população-alvo foram Certidões de Óbito dos Cartórios do município de Bauru com dados relativos ao período 1991-2001. Foram coletadas informações referentes a sexo, idade, localização da lesão e endereço. A coleta dos endereços visou à identificação no mapa do município de Bauru da localização geográfica do domicílio. Utilizando ferramentas do geoprocessamento, foi feita a inserção no mapa dos casos identificados. Foram registrados 67 casos de morte por câncer de boca na cidade de Bauru entre 1991 e 2001, com maiores taxas no sexo masculino e sexta década de vida. A análise da distribuição espacial mostra que a maioria dos casos encontra-se próxima à linha férrea que corta o município e foi responsável, em grande parte, pela ocupação territorial pela população, sendo esta também uma área que abrange os bairros mais antigos do município. O câncer de boca constitui importante causa de óbito no município, requerendo um planejamento de ações georreferenciadas pelo sistema local de saúde.
Estudo da fauna de triatomíneos e da ocorrência de doença de Chagas em Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brasil
Authors: Massaro Débora Cristina , Rezende Denise Silva , Camargo Luis Marcelo Aranha
Published: July 2008

A doença de Chagas tem como agente etiológico o Trypanossoma cruzi, um protozoário flagelado que pode ser encontrado numa grande variedade de mamíferos e triatomíneos. O Estado de Rondônia, localizado na Amazônia Ocidental, possui um meio ambiente constantemente modificado pelas ações transformadoras do ser humano, resultando em um desequilíbrio, que pode facilitar a transmissão de inúmeros patógenos. Uma grande variedade e quantidade de palmáceas, em especial o babaçu, bem como mamíferos e triatomíneos, podem ser encontrados neste complexo ecossistema. Nesta pesquisa, a fauna de triatomíneos foi identificada em 225 babaçus e por meio de capturas peri e intradomiciliares. Foi realizado, concomitantemente, estudo de soroprevalência para doença de Chagas e a identificação da presença de T.cruzi no trato digestivo dos triatomíneos. Positividade ao T. cruzi foi verificada em 23,7% dos 652 triatomíneos coletados nos babaçus. Estes triatomíneos pertenciam ao gênero Rhodnius e foram classificados em 4 espécies: R. robustus, R. prolixus, R. pictipes e R. milesi. Nas capturas intradomiciliares, dez espécimes do Rhodnius robustus e uma de Panstrongylus geniculattus foram encontrados, sendo que 3% da população foi positiva para doença de Chagas. Na área pesquisada, há potencial de transmissão da doença de Chagas na forma endêmica devido a grande quantidade de triatomíneos, bem como alta freqüência de infecção destes triatomíneos, porém no momento deste estudo não se evidenciou a ocorrência da transmissão.
Epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos no município de Acrelândia, Acre, Brasil
Authors: Silva-Nunes Mônica da , Cavasini Carlos Eugênio , Silva Natal Santos da , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi
Published: July 2008

São apresentadas neste artigo a distribuição da leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos em Acrelândia, Acre. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos a partir de fichas de notificação de casos ocorridos entre 2001 e 2004, e os dados entomológicos são provenientes de capturas com armadilhas luminosas efetuadas entre 2004 e 2005 na zona rural de Acrelândia. Ocorreram 82 novos casos de LT, com idade entre 2 e 69 anos, sendo 75,6% em homens e 83,9% na zona rural. Predominou a LT com lesões únicas (78%). A microscopia direta da lesão, intradermorreação de Montenegro e biópsia apresentaram positividade de 100%, 98% e 79,5%, respectivamente. A resposta ao tratamento farmacológico foi bem sucedida em 71,6% dos casos; a falência terapêutica foi maior em pacientes com diagnóstico exclusivamente clínico (41,2%) e nos que receberam dose diária inadequada de antimonial pentavalente (64,3%). Foram coletados 40 espécimes de flebotomíneos em propriedades rurais com casos de LT (3 gêneros, 14 espécies), sendo 3 espécies conhecidas como vetoras ou possíveis vetoras de Leishmania: Nyssomyia antunesi predominou no peridomicílio (59,1%) e em margens de matas; Nyssomyia whitmani foi freqüente no peridomicílio (15%) e a única espécie encontrada no intradomicílio, e Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis foi capturada no peridomicílio. O uso de dados epidemiológicos existentes no serviço de saúde de Acrelândia, embora com várias limitações, permitiu avaliar a eficácia do diagnóstico e o tratamento empregados no município, enquanto os dados entomológicos coletados podem orientar estudos mais amplos visando identificar os vetores e espécies circulantes na região.
Metodologia de avaliação das condições sanitárias de vendedores ambulantes de alimentos no Município de Ibiúna-SP
Authors: Soto Francisco Rafael Martins , Risseto Marcia Regina , Lúcio Dirceu , Shimozako Hélio Junji , Camargo Cristina Conceição de , Iwata Milton Kazuto , Camargo Carlos Alberto , Oliveira Eliana de , Camargo Sebastião Rodrigues de
Published: July 2008

O trabalho teve por objetivo a aplicação de uma metodologia de inspeção sanitária para estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos da zona urbana do Município de Ibiúna-SP. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de maio a novembro de 2006, com 57 vendedores ambulantes de alimentos de feiras livres e vias públicas, a partir da elaboração de roteiro de inspeção sanitária para vendedores ambulantes (RISVA), sua aplicação, realização de curso teórico específico e retorno aos estabelecimentos inspecionados. Os resultados obtidos na primeira inspeção em pontos médios foram de 46,28, e após as intervenções de 57,60. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação do RISVA permitiram a padronização das inspeções nos estabelecimentos ambulantes de alimentos.
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) em Cuesta Basáltica, na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Corumbataí, Região Centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Cutolo André Antonio , Camargo Denis Adriano , Cutolo Adriano Antonio , Von Zuben Claudio José , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi
Published: July 2008

A incidência das leishmanioses tegumentar e visceral americanas, em especial esta última (LVA), em hospedeiros caninos e humanos, encontra-se em crescente processo de expansão no Estado de São Paulo. Para a vigilância epidemiológica dessas endemias, torna-se fundamental o conhecimento da distribuição e da ecologia das diferentes espécies da fauna flebotomínea vetoras. Assim, a divulgação de novos encontros de seus vetores, sobretudo da Lutzomyia longipalpis, o principal vetor da LVA, é fundamental para apontar novas áreas de risco para a transmissão dessas doenças. Neste estudo, capturas de flebotomíneos foram realizadas em ambiente domiciliar, peridomiciliar e de mata, em diferentes localidades rurais dos municípios de Ipeúna e Itirapina, entre outubro de 2001 e fevereiro de 2004. Foram utilizadas armadilhas luminosas automáticas do tipo CDC, das 18h às 8h, em 14 noites, resultando 420 horas de exposição. Foram capturados 177 flebotomíneos pertencentes a doze espécies. A espécie mais abundante, Nyssomyia neivai, apontada como a principal vetora de LTA no Estado, contribuiu com 85,4% dos espécimes capturados em Ipeúna. O encontro de Lutzomyia longipalpis em uma caverna em Itirapina, aponta para o risco de estabelecimento da LVA na área e a necessidade de mais estudos locais sobre sua ecologia, sobretudo em relação à ocupação de ambientes antrópicos.
Spectrophotometric determination of tannins and caffeine in preparations from Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis
Authors: Pelozo Maria Inez de Godoy , Cardoso Mara Lane Carvalho , Mello João Carlos Palazzo de
Published: July 2008

The present work was designed to quantify the caffeine and total polyphenols in the extractive solution and the granulated form from the seeds of Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis, by the spectrophotometric method. The method showed linearity for the caffeine and polyphenols in the range of 5-25 µg/ml and 2.4-5.6 µg/ml respectively. The solutions of the semipurified fraction (EPA) and granulated form (GRA) showed linear responses in the range of 0.288-0.672 and 0.4-1.2 µg/ml, respectively. The precision and accuracy were determined for the EPA solution at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. The spectrophotometric method performed well in quantifying the caffeine and total polyphenols.
Investigation of natural infection by Leishmania in sandflies of Paraná State, Southern Brazil
Authors: Scodro Regiane Bertin de Lima , Reinhold-Castro Kárin Rosi , Dias-Sversutti Alessandra de Cassia , Neitzke-Abreu Herintha Coeto , Membrive Norberto de Assis , Kühl João Balduíno , Silveira Thaís Gomes Verzignassi , Teodoro Ueslei
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this work was to verify the occurrence of Leishmania in naturally infected sandflies. The insects were collected with Falcão, Shannon and HP light-traps, in Doutor Camargo and Maringá municipalities between November 2004 and October 2005. Of the 11,033 sandflies collected in Doutor Camargo, 2,133 surviving females were dissected, particularly those of the Nyssomyia neivai species (86.87%). In Maringá, 136 sandflies were collected, of which 79 N. whitmani females and 1 Migonemyia migonei female were dissected. The dissected insects were identified and stored in the pools of 10 specimens. The PCR was carried out on 1,190 females of N. neivai and 190 of N. whitmani from Doutor Camargo, and on 30 of N. whitmani from Maringá, using the primers MP1L/MP3H. The natural infection by Leishmania in sandflies was not confirmed by either of the methods used. The results suggested the low natural infection rate of sandflies by Leishmania in these areas, corroborating other studies carried out in endemic areas of ACL.
Population structure and somatic indexes of Hypostomus cf. ancistroides (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) collected from the Bonito river, Ivaí river basin, Turvo, Paraná
Authors: Viana Douglas , Wollf Luciano Lazzarini , Zaleski Tânia , Romão Silvia , Bertoldi Gustavo , Donatti Lucélia
Published: July 2008

This study aimed to provide information about the population structure and somatic index of Hypostomus cf. ancistroides collected from the Bonito river, located in the Ivaí river basin. The length-weight relationship was isometric for both the sexes. The length structure analysis showed that the larger individuals (from 18.1cm to 27.0cm in length) predominated, and the lowest abundances occurred at the size extremes (9.1-12cm and 27.1-30.0cm). The reproduction period occured between October and January for the females and between November and January for the males. The liver somatic index cannot be used as an indicator of the reproduction period in either of the sexes, due to no correlation between the liver somatic index and the gonad somatic index. The gonad weight exerted no influence on the monthly mean condition factor and the correlation between the condition factor and gonad somatic index was high. The condition factor could be an indicator of the reproduction period of this species.
Evaluation of the performance of two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in mixed raising systems
Authors: Neves Patrícia Ribeiro , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Vargas Lauro , Natali Maria Raquel Marçal , Maehana Káttia Regina , Marengoni Nilton Garcia
Published: July 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in mixed raising systems. A total of 3600 fish-larvae species was used, 1800 belonging to Bouaké lineage, and 1800 to Chitralada. The experiment was carried out in three phases; Phase I in an incubator in 18 boxes, in which two treatments (Bouaké and Chitralada) were tested by using nine repetitions; Phases II and III were performed in 18 cement tanks with the same treatments. In phase I, regarding the final weight and gain of weight, Chitralada strain showed the highest final weight values. In phase II, Chitralada showed the highest final weight value when compared with Bouaké, and, considering the gain of weight, Bouaké obtained the best result. In phase III, Chitralada showed better final weight results (104 days of raising), final weight, final length and gain of length/cm (152 days of raising); but, after 279 days of the cultivation, Bouaké showed a higher weight and length gain. These findings showed that Chitralada strain presented the best performance.
Optical and ultrastructural study of the pollen grain development in hermaphrodite papaya tree (Carica papaya L.)
Authors: Santos Lídia Márcia Silva , Pereira Telma Nair Santana , Souza Margarete Magalhães de , Damasceno Junior Pedro Correa , Costa Fabiane Rabelo da , Ribeiro Beatriz Ferreira , Freitas Noil Gomes de , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: July 2008

The objective of this study was to describe the pollen grain development in hermaphrodite papaya tree. The flower buds were collected at different stages of the development and the anthers were treated chemically for observation under optical and electronic transmission microscopes. The pollen grain development followed the normal pattern described for the Angiosperms. The pollen grain development was described from meiocyte to the mature pollen grain. In the microsporogenesis, the microspore mother cells or the meiocytes underwent meiosis giving rise to the tetrads that were enclosed by the calose. Later, the tetrads were released by the dissolution of the calose by calase activity and microspores underwent mitosis. Microgametogenesis was characterized by asymmetrical mitotic division of each microspore giving rise to bi-nucleate pollen grains. The structures similar to the plastids were found in the cytoplasm and close to the nucleus of the generative cell. Gradual degeneration was observed in the tapetum during the male gamete development.
Fetal mummification in silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Villavicencio-Garayzar Carlos
Published: July 2008

The aim of this work was the description of fetal mummification in silky shark. During July of 2001 in Santa Maria fishing camp, Gulf of California Mexico, fourteen pregnant female of silky sharks were captured. In all of them the embryos were found to be dehydrated. However, total observations were possible in only two litters. Six embryos in each analyzed litters were found. All the embryos were mummified, complete and without maceration. Because the litters were totally mummificated in several females, it was suggested that fetal mummification was produced by the environmental condition.
Interference of some organic substances and microorganisms adhered to stainless steel in ATP-bioluminescence measurement
Authors: Simm Erny Marcelo , Andrade Nélio José de , Mendonça Regina Célia Santos , Passos Frederico José Vieira , Chaves José Benício Paes
Published: July 2008

Adhesion of organic substances and microorganisms on stainless steel surface was evaluated. The log RLU measurement was affected at a lower or higher degree, by type or concentration of the organic substances (casein, lipid, sucrose and their combinations) adhered to surface. However, if the samples analyzed were from the food processing surfaces, they would have been considered to be under satisfactory hygienic conditions with log RLU < 2.18 (< 150 RLU). The log RLU measurements of Staphylococcus carnosus-adhered surfaces, combined with or without the organic substances, were higher (p<0.05) than those of the Bacillus subtilis spores-adhered surface, regardless of the concentration. The samples taken from the surfaces adhered with the casein, lipid, sucrose and 2.9x10¹ DMC.cm-2 and 2.9x10² DMC.ml-1 did not have any significant differences (p>0.05) on ATP-bioluminescence measurements. However, the surfaces adhered with 2.9x10³ DMC.cm-2 of B. subtilis spores and organic substances showed an increase in the log RLU measurement compared to surfaces containing only the organic substances.
Seasonal variation in larval density of Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in the Iguaçu and Paraná rivers, in the region of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Southern Brazil
Authors: Pestana Débora , Pie Marcio Roberto , Ostrensky Antonio , Boeger Walter Antonio , Andreoli Cleverson , Franceschi Francisco , Lagos Patrícia
Published: July 2008

The larval density of the invasive mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) was monitored from January 2005 to February 2006 at two points along the Paraná and the Iguaçu Rivers, near Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil. The results indicated two density peaks in the Paraná River: a lower peak between March and June and a higher peak in October. In the Iguaçu River, the values were much lower, yet they also showed a peak between September and October. A reduction in the reproductive activity was observed in both the rivers between July and August. The average larval density at the collection point in the Paraná reached 948.5 larvae/m³, with a peak of 2,999.5 larvae/m³ in October. The present study represented the first quantification of the larval density of L. fortunei in the lower reaches of the Iguaçu River, downstream of the Iguaçu falls.
Introduced and cryptogenic species and their management in Paranaguá Bay, Brazil
Authors: Neves Carolina Somaio , Rocha Rosana Moreira da
Published: July 2008

The aim of this work was to identify the introduced and cryptogenic species in encrusting and associated communities of hard substrates in Paranaguá Bay, Brazil, and to attempt to determine which of these species could negatively affect the local community to suggest management strategies for these species. At least four introduced species were found - a large number in comparison with other port surveys. These were the hydrozoan Garveia franciscana Torrey, 1902, the polychaete Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1902, the barnacles Amphibalanus reticulatus (Utinoni, 1967) and Striatobalanus amaryllis Darwin, 1854, all with potentially harmful impacts. Of the 33 cryptogenic species, four were also listed in the literature as causing negative effects. We propose the following management practices: periodic cleaning of all underwater structures, population monitoring of invasive species and potential substrates, an information database of potential sources of introduction.
Estudo comparativo dos parâmetros angulares da marcha humana em ambiente aquático e terrestre em indivíduos hígidos adultos jovens
Authors: Ribas Danieli Isabel Romanovitch , Israel Vera Lúcia , Manfra Elisângela Ferretti , Araújo Camila Costa de
Published: July 2008

Há um grande interesse em estudar o movimento humano dentro da água, uma vez que o meio já é utilizado para treinamento e reabilitação devido às diferentes propriedades mecânicas que oferece. No entanto, há uma carência de estudos sobre as características biomecânicas do andar em ambiente aquático. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar as variáveis angulares do joelho e tornozelo da marcha em ambiente aquático, e compará-las com o ambiente terrestre. Fizeram parte deste estudo dezenove adultos do sexo masculino, saudáveis, com média de idade de 24 anos. Os indivíduos caminharam em ambiente terrestre e em seguida no ambiente aquático com a água ao nível do processo xifóide do esterno, com velocidade auto-selecionada e confortável. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a cinemetria. As variáveis angulares analisadas apresentaram diferenças significativas em ambiente aquático quando comparadas com as do ambiente terrestre. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo contribuem para um melhor entendimento do andar no AA no contexto de treinamento e reabilitação.
Respostas fisiológicas ao exercício agudo em ratos obesos tratados com metformina
Authors: Araujo Gustavo Gomes de , Araújo Michel Barbosa de , Mota Clécia Soares de Alencar , Ribeiro Carla , D'Angelo Ricardo Antonio , Manchado Fúlvia de Barros , Luciano Eliete
Published: July 2008

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as respostas fisiológicas ao exercício agudo em ratos Wistar obesos, tratados com metformina. Os animais receberam injeção subcutânea de glutamato monossódico (4mg/g peso corporal), para indução da obesidade. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos, conforme o tratamento recebido: obesos controles (OC); obesos metformina (OM); obesos controles exercitados (OCE) e obesos metformina exercitados (OME). Foram analisados, antes e após uma sessão de exercício agudo: glicose sérica (mg/dL), triglicerídeos (g/100g), colesterol total (mg/dL) e hematócrito (%). Os valores de glicose sérica e colesterol total foram reduzidos significativamente no grupo controle exercitado (OCE - 68,4 ± 14,7 e 70,8 ± 18,3) em comparação ao grupo controle sedentário (OC - 83,6 ± 12,8 e 91,3 ± 9,6). A administração de metformina isoladamente diminuiu a concentração de glicose de 83,6 ± 12,8 (OC) para 70,8 ± 5,9 (OM). Por outro lado, a associação de metformina com exercício aumentou a disponibilidade de triacilgliceróis livres após a atividade (OM - 166,6 ± 11,3, OME - 184,0 ± 4,3). Em conclusão o programa de intervenção utilizado (exercício físico agudo) mostrou-se eficiente na homeostasia glicêmica, bem como, nos níveis circulantes de lipídios em ratos obesos tratados com metformina.
Exercício físico em pacientes dialisados
Authors: Reboredo Maycon de Moura , Henrique Diane Michela Nery , Bastos Marcus Gomes , Paula Rogério Baumgratz de
Published: July 2008

Pacientes portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC) submetidos a tratamento dialítico apresentam alterações físicas e psicológicas que predispõem ao sedentarismo. Nesta população, a prescrição rotineira de exercícios físicos não é uma prática freqüente, especialmente no nosso país. No entanto, alguns autores têm demonstrado que um programa de exercícios para estes pacientes contribui para o melhor controle da hipertensão arterial, da capacidade funcional, da função cardíaca, da força muscular e, conseqüentemente, da qualidade de vida. Além dos benefícios relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, a realização do exercício traz benefícios secundários, pois quebra a monotonia do procedimento, melhora aderência e pode aumentar a eficácia da diálise. Na presente revisão, os autores discutem aspectos da realização de exercícios físicos em pacientes portadores de DRC em diálise e apresentam dados iniciais de sua experiência com a aplicação de exercícios supervisionados durante as sessões de hemodiálise.
Sorologia anti-HIV e aconselhamento pré-teste em gestantes na região noroeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Misuta Norico Miyagui , Soares Darli Antônio , Souza Regina Kazue Tanno de , Matsuo Tiemi , Andrade Selma Maffei de
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVOS: analisar a cobertura do aconselhamento e do teste anti-HIV, e identificar fatores associados à sua realização no pré-natal. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, com mulheres de cinco municípios do Noroeste do Paraná, Brasil, com partos entre janeiro e março de 2003, identificadas a partir dos sistemas de informação. Os dados foram obtidos em entrevistas domiciliares. Considerou-se teste realizado quando havia registro do resultado do exame para HIV no cartão de gestante ou no laboratório de referência. As análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando o teste do χ2 e exato de Fisher (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: das 435 mulheres entrevistadas, todas foram acompanhadas no pré-natal, com cobertura do teste anti-HIV de 89,6% - [IC95%: 86,8-92,4]. Não foram evidenciadas associações significativas entre a realização do teste e as variáveis sócio-demográficas, de vulnerabilidade e da assistência pré-natal. Embora a maioria tenha sido testada, apenas 13,6% relataram ter recebido aconselhamento pré-teste. CONCLUSÕES: a cobertura do teste anti-HIV durante a gestação foi satisfatória. A não-associação entre a realização do teste e as variáveis estudadas sugere que a sua solicitação se dá indistintamente, conforme recomendação do Ministério da Saúde. Porém, a baixa freqüência do aconselhamento e o atraso no recebimento do resultado dos exames são indicativos de problemas na atenção pré-natal.
Menopausa, hormônios, envelhecimento: discursos de mulheres que vivem em um bairro na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Trench Belkis , Rosa Tereza Etsuko da Costa
Published: July 2008

OBJETIVOS: analisar os discursos de mulheres usuárias de unidade básica de saúde da periferia da cidade de São Paulo, no estado de São Paulo, Brazil, sobre a menopausa para compreender os sentidos que elas atribuem a este evento. MÉTODOS: foram entrevistadas oito mulheres entre 44 e 75 anos, empregando-se a metodologia qualitativa na perspectiva do construcionismo social, de modo que os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante, história de vida e entrevistas. RESULTADOs: nas mulheres estudadas, a menopausa é vivida de modo geral como um acontecimento inevitável, relacionado ao corpo e à vida, e é considerada uma entidade estranha, ou inimiga, que ataca as mulheres de maneira inesperada. CONCLUSÕES: nas mulheres estudadas os resultados indicam que este período deve ser percebido em seu caráter particular e relativo, não como sendo da ordem do universal ou como algo padronizado.
Atherinella blackburni (Schultz, 1949) at Itamambuca Beach, Ubatuba, SP: ecological characterization and distribution on the Brazilian coast (Teleostei: Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)
Authors: Mattox GMT. , Gondolo GF. , Cunningham PTM.
Published: July 2008

Atherinella blackburni is a silverside species whose occurrence on the Brazilian coast was not properly registered until recently. So far, records of its distribution along the Brazilian shore were limited to Itaparica Island, Bahia State, and Porto Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro State. In a recent survey of the ichthyofauna of Itamambuca Beach, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, 100 specimens of this species were collected, yielding a considerable source of information regarding its ecology and a new southern limit of its distribution. A detailed survey of an ichthyological collection revealed lots of this species from regions of the Brazilian Northeast, resulting in a northward expansion of the occurrence of A. blackburni in Brazilian waters. Besides the populations found on the Brazilian coast, the species also occurs discontinuously in the Atlantic coasts of Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela. Meristic and morphometric analysis showed overlapped values between Brazilian populations and the ones closer to the Caribbean. An ecological study of A. blackburni at Itamambuca Beach revealed that it is a predominantly diurnal species with preference for warm and salty waters, often occurring in sandy-bottom environments. It was more abundant in Summer and Winter, when individuals with smaller values of length and weight also occurred.
The role of riverine forests for food supply for the omnivorous fish Brycon opalinus Cuvier, 1819 (Characidae) in the Serra do Mar, Southeast Brazil
Authors: Gomiero LM. , Manzatto AG. , Braga FMS.
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this study was to characterize the diet of the fish Brycon opalinus (Characidae) seasonally and locally, allowing for the determination of its food items and trophic relations with the aquatic and terrestrial environments. The study area encompasses three rivers (Paraibuna, Ipiranga and Grande) in the basin of the Paraibuna, southeast Brazil. Twelve monthly collections were made from January to December 2004. The degree of stomachic repletion and of accumulated visceral fat was analyzed, as was the intestinal length in each class of total length. The frequency of occurrence and the degree of food preference (DFP) of the food items of Brycon opalinus were determined by separating the vegetal and animal items, autochthonous and allochthonous, by insect order and vegetal family consumed. The frequency of occurrence of items of animal origin was found to be equivalent to that of vegetal origin, thus characterizing the omnivorism of Brycon opalinus feeding.
The influence of algal densities on the toxicity of chromium for Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard (Cladocera, Crustacea)
Authors: Rodgher S. , Espíndola ELG.
Published: July 2008

Food availability may affect metal toxicity for aquatic organisms. In the present study, the influence of high, medium and low densities of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (10(6), 10(5) and 10(4) cells.mL-1, respectively) on the chronic toxicity of chromium to the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia was investigated. C. dubia was exposed to a range of chromium concentration from 2.71 to 34.04 µg.L-1 and fed with algae at various densities. In another experiment, the green alga was exposed to chromium concentrations (94 to 774 µg.L-1) and supplied as food in different densities to zooplankton. The survival and reproduction of the cladoceran were measured in these toxicity tests. The IC50 for Cr to P. subcapitata and metal accumulated by algal cells were determined. The results of a bifactorial analysis (metal versus algal densities) showed that metal toxicity to zooplankton was dependent on algal densities. Significant toxic effects on the reproduction and survival of C. dubia were observed at 8.73, 18.22 and 34.04 µg.L-1 Cr when the test organisms were fed with 10(6) cells.mL-1 of P. subcapitata. Although the chlorophyta retain low chromium content, a decrease in the reproduction and survival of C. dubia occurred when they were fed with high algal density contaminated with 774 µg.L-1 Cr. It was concluded that high algal density have an appreciable influence on chromium toxicity to daphnids.
The importance of excretion by Chironomus larvae on the internal loads of nitrogen and phosphorus in a small eutrophic urban reservoir
Authors: Henry R. , Santos CM.
Published: July 2008

Measurements of ammonium and phosphate excretion by the Chironomus larvae were conducted in order to evaluate the importance of these chironomids for the internal loads of a small eutrophic urban reservoir. Ammonium and phosphate excretion rates by Chironomus larvae of small size (6-10 mm total length) were significantly higher than those of the Chironomids having medium (9-11 mm) and large (11-16 mm) sizes. A dependence in relation to temperature was recorded for the ammonium and phosphate excretions that was significantly higher at 25 °C than at 20 and 15 °C. Through a linear relation between biomass (dry weight) and total length and, between excretion and biomass and, data on chironomids densities, after an intense sampling in 33 sites distributed all along the reservoir bottom, the mean phosphate and ammonium excretion rates corresponded to 2,014 ± 5,134 µg.m-2/day and 1,643 ± 3,974 µg.m-2/day, respectively. Considering the mean biomass (34 mg.m-2) of Chironomus, the lake area (88,156 m²) and the mean excretion rates, the contribution of benthic chironomids to the internal loads would be 181 KgP and 147 KgN. for the sampling months (October-November 1998). These values showed that the internal loads by excretion from Chironomus larvae correspond to approximately 33% of the external loads of phosphorus in the lake and, in the case of nitrogen, to only 5%.
Development and population growth of Hydra viridissima Pallas, 1766 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the laboratory
Authors: Massaro FC. , Rocha O.
Published: July 2008

Hydras, the most representative freshwater Cnidaria, are of common occurrence in bodies of water in every continent except Antarctica. This study was planned with the aim of maintaining a population of Hydra viridissima in laboratory culture to enable the determination of the individual and population growth-rates of this species, as well as its population doubling time and generation time, with a view to employing these common animals as test-organisms in ecotoxicological assays. The organisms were maintained in reconstituted water at 20 ± 2 °C, illuminated at 800 lux with a photoperiod of 12 hours light: 12 hours dark, and were fed on neonates of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii (3 or 4 neonates per hydra, 3 times a week). The individual growth-rate (k) of the species was 0.43, the maximum length of the column 2.53 mm and the generation time 6.6 ± 1.5 days on average. The hydra population showed an intrinsic growth-rate (r) of 0.0468, according to the fitted curve, and a doubling time of 14.8 ± 2.63 days. Hydra viridissima is easy to grow in the laboratory and performs well in the conditions used in this study. It is thus a promising candidate test-organism for ecotoxicological studies.
Bionomy of Anicla mahalpa Schaus, 1898 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae), in the laboratory
Authors: Specht A. , Formentini AC. , Corseuil E.
Published: July 2008

The genus Anicla Grote, 1874 is composed of eleven species; their larvae are harmful, mainly to native and cultivated grasses, but up to now, there is information available of only two species. This study aims at detailing the bionomy of A. mahalpa Schaus; the data were obtained from a laboratory rearing under the following settings: 20 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and 12 hours of photoperiod. Larvae were fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Poaceae). The results expressed by the mean and respective standard error for the periods of each phase, in days, were the following: egg 6.00 ± 0.00, larva 36.47 ± 0.44, pre-pupa 5.23 ± 0.21, pupa 23.60 ± 0.37, and adult: longevity 15.24 ± 0.75 with pre-egg-laying-periods of 5.29 ± 0.32; egg-laying period, 9.64 ± 0.81, and post-egg-laying period, 0.71 ± 0.27 days. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 7.36 ± 0.20 and 2,014.21 ± 78.93 eggs per female. Eggs, which are subspheric, have a diameter of 0.76 ± 0.01 mm; larvae passed through six instars; their head capsules width, provided a mean ratio of growth of 1.482. Pupae presented a mean width and length of 6.07 ± 0.06 and 17.24 ± 0.19 mm, respectively and weight of 0.33 ± 0.01 g.
Analysis of the feeding habits of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788), in an urban park in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Toledo MCB. , Moreira DM.
Published: July 2008

The aim of this work was to observe and describe the feeding habits and available food resources of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura. The study was carried out in a municipal park located in the city of Taubaté, in the state of São Paulo. The observations took place between December 2003 and October 2004, recording the following variables: 1) the plant species visited for feeding and territorial defense; 2) the kinds of food resources; and 3) the kinds of flight to procure and obtain food. E. macroura visited 12 plant species. For territorial defense, Mangifera indica was the most visited, whereas Malvaviscus arboreus was most visited for feeding. The foliage was the plant part that received the most frequent visits. In order to obtain nectar, the only species visited was M. arboreus; to obtain arthropods, the species most visited were Mangifera indica and Hymenaea stilbocarpa. In the dry season, the hummingbirds visited flowers, whereas in the rainy season they visited leaves to acquire food. The arthropod groups most frequently found on leafy branches were Homoptera and Psocoptera. Finally, the results of the type of flight analysis showed that flight used to capture food was more often observed than were flights to search for food. In conclusion, these observations suggest that E. macroura shows plasticity in feeding behavior, which can help it to persist in urban areas.
Population structure and reproductive biology of Cichla kelberi (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Lobo Reservoir, Brazil
Authors: Souza Jussara E. de , Fragoso-Moura Evelise N. , Fenerich-Verani Nelsy , Rocha Odete , Verani José R.
Published: July 2008

The structure of Cichla kelberi population was characterized regarding the sex ratio, total length composition and some reproductive characteristics. The specimens were collected in two periods, from November 2002 to November 2003 and from December 2004 to May 2006. The sex ratio was significantly different than 1:1. The total length varied from 3.4 to 40.1 cm, with individuals in the shortest length classes occurring throughout the year, but with greater incidence in the warmer periods. Females and males reached similar lengths and there was no difference between the sexes regarding the length-weight relationship. The estimated values of condition factor were near the central value of 1.0 and decreased during the cooler months, coinciding with periods of lower reproductive activity. Individuals with mature or semi-spent gonads occurred from November to April, indicating that Cichla kelberi reproduces for a long period of time. The spawning is partitioned, with an average absolute fecundity of 6072 oocytes (from 5220 to 6908 oocytes). The high relative condition factor values, long reproductive period, large output of fingerlings and high fecundity are biological conditions that indicate the species is well adapted in this reservoir.