bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Orange Narrow Band Electroluminescent Material Based on Central Symmetry‐Arrangement of Two Fused Multiple Resonance Building Blocks
Authors: Lu Xueying , Cai XinLiang , Qu Yupei , Huang Tingting , Wei Jinbei , Song Xiaoxian , Wang Yue
Published: August 2024

The high‐performance multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with narrowband orange emission have considerable promise in automotive, signal indicators, and medical devices, due to their unique luminescent characteristic and potential applications in the organic electronic industry. However, the methodologies for constructing orange‐emitting materials with high color purity are relatively limited. In this contribution, an orange‐emitting MR‐TADF molecule (namely DBNN) is developed by employing a central symmetry‐arrangement of two fused MR‐building blocks to simultaneously realize spectral redshift and narrowband emission. DBNN exhibits intense orange emission with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 28 nm (0.10 eV) and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of 94%. By utilizing a novel exciplex host and a phosphorescent sensitizer to harvest excitons, the optimized DBNN‐based device demonstrates bright orange electroluminescence with a peak at 588 nm, high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 32.1% and small FWHM of 39 nm (0.14 eV). Additionally, the device achieves ultrahigh brightness exceeding 145 000 cd m−2 and low efficiency roll‐off, maintaining EQEs of 28.3% and 23.3% at luminescence of 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively.
Dynamic Tactile Synthetic Tissue: from Soft Robotics to Hybrid Surgical Simulators
Authors: Thurner Thomas , Maier Julia , Kaltenbrunner Martin , Schrempf Andreas
Published: August 2024

Surgical simulators are valuable educational tools for physicians, enhancing their proficiency and improving patient safety. However, they typically still suffer from a lack of realism as they do not emulate dynamic tissue biomechanics haptically and fail to convincingly mimic real‐time physiological reactions. This study presents a dynamic tactile synthetic tissue, integrating both sensory and actuatory capabilities within a fully soft unit, as a core component for soft robotics and future hybrid surgical simulators utilizing dynamic physical phantoms. The adaptive surface of the tissue replica, actuated via hydraulics, is assessed by an embedded carbon black silicone sensor layer using electrical impedance tomography to determine internally or externally induced deformations. The integrated fluid chambers enable pressure and force measurements. The combination of these principles enables real‐time tissue feedback as well as closed loop operation, allowing optimal interaction with the environment. Based on the concepts of soft robotics, such artificial tissues find broad applicability, demonstrated via a soft gripper and surgical simulation applications including a dynamic, artificial brain phantom as well as a synthetic, beating heart. These advancements pave the way toward enhanced realism in surgical simulators including reliable performance evaluation and bear the potential to transform the future of surgical training methodologies.
Synthesis of Dithiocarbamate‐Functionalized Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluoride via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Mohamedy Heba H. , Fayad Eman , Katouah Hanadi A. , Qin Hua‐Li
Published: August 2024

An eco‐friendly and efficient method was developed for synthesizing a novel class of aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides in a catalyst‐free one‐pot reaction. The new approach offers a streamlined synthesis for N‐(Substituted)‐2‐(fluorosulfonyl) ethyl carbamodithioates by combining amines, carbon disulfide, with ethenesulfonyl fluoride. The synthesized compounds were obtained in good yields under mild conditions, making this reaction a valuable tool for exploring new chemical transformations.
Maternal rejection but not protectiveness predicts juvenile Japanese macaque behavior without direct maternal influence
Authors: Kuběnová Barbora , MacIntosh Andrew J. J.
Published: August 2024

Primates show large interindividual variability in the character and quantity of interactions between mothers and their immature offspring. Multiple studies have documented associations between maternal behavior and the occurrence or frequency of certain behaviors among offspring, but it remains unclear whether and how early maternal interactions generally affect behavioral development in offspring. We followed two wild groups of Japanese macaques on Yakushima island and investigated the relationship between maternal behavior and several types of behavior performed by 35 juvenile offspring. We further asked if the impact of maternal behavior on juvenile behavior persists regardless of the distance between mother and offspring, testing whether the influence extends beyond cases when the mother is nearby. We found that juveniles whose mothers frequently rejected them approached and played with others more often, independent of their mother's presence. Juveniles of more protective mothers were in proximity to fewer other individuals and played less, but only if their mothers were nearby. Maternal rejection appears to exert a generalized effect on offspring behavior that endures when mothers are absent. In contrast, effects of maternal protectiveness may be temporary and/or reflect direct maternal influences, such as active intervention in offspring interactions, or effects of the mother's own social relationships on offspring interactions. Our results suggest that understanding how maternal behavior affects offspring development requires paying attention to the context of juvenile behavior, including the mother's distance from her offspring.
Tetrapodal Hole‐Collecting Monolayer Materials Based on Saddle‐Like Cyclooctatetraene Core for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Truong Minh Anh , Ueberricke Lucas , Funasaki Tsukasa , Adachi Yuta , Hira Shota , Hu Shuaifeng , Yamada Takumi , Sekiguchi Naomu , Nakamura Tomoya , Murdey Richard , Iikubo Satoshi , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Wakamiya Atsushi
Published: August 2024

Hole‐collecting monolayers have greatly advanced the development of positive‐intrinsic‐negative perovskite solar cells (p‐i‐n PSCs). To date, however, most of the anchoring groups in the reported monolayer materials are designed to bind to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) surface, resulting in less availability for other functions such as tuning the wettability of the monolayer surface. In this work, we developed two anchorable molecules, 4PATTI‐C3 and 4PATTI‐C4, by employing a saddle‐like indole‐fused cyclooctatetraene as a π‐core with four phosphonic acid anchoring groups linked through propyl or butyl chains. Both molecules form monolayers on TCO substrates. Thanks to the saddle shape of a cyclooctatetraene skeleton, two of the four phosphonic acid anchoring groups were found to point upward, resulting in hydrophilic surfaces. Compared to the devices using 4PATTI‐C4 as the hole‐collecting monolayer, 4PATTI‐C3‐based devices exhibit a faster hole‐collection process, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies of up to 21.7 % and 21.4 % for a mini‐cell (0.1 cm2) and a mini‐module (1.62 cm2), respectively, together with good operational stability. This work represents how structural modification of multipodal molecules could substantially modulate the functions of the hole‐collecting monolayers after being adsorbed onto TCO substrates.
A Targeted Click‐to‐Release Activation of the Last‐Resort Antibiotic Colistin Reduces its Renal Cell Toxicity
Authors: Charoenpattarapreeda Jiraborrirak , Tegge Werner , Xu Chunfa , Harmrolfs Kirsten , Hinkelmann Bettina , Wullenkord Hannah , Hotop Sven‐Kevin , Beutling Ulrike , Rox Katharina , Brönstrup Mark
Published: August 2024

The use of highly potent but very toxic antibiotics such as colistin has become inevitable due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed for a chemically‐triggered, controlled release of colistin at the infection site to lower its systemic toxicity by harnessing the power of click‐to‐release reactions. Kinetic experiments with nine tetrazines and three dienophiles demonstrated a fast release via an inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction between trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) and the amine‐functionalised tetrazine Tz7. The antibiotic activity of colistin against Escherichia coli was masked by TCO units, but restored upon reaction with d‐Ubi−Tz, a tetrazine functionalised with the bacterial binding peptide d‐Ubi29–41. While standard TCO did not improve toxicity against human proximal tubular kidney HK‐2 cells, the installation of an aspartic acid‐modified TCO masking group reduced the overall charge of the peptide and entry to the kidney cells, thereby dramatically lowering its toxicity. The analog Col−(TCO‐Asp)1 had favourable pharmacokinetic properties in mice and was successfully activated locally in the lung by d‐Ubi−Tz in an in vivo infection model, whereas it remained inactive and non‐harmful without the chemical trigger. This study constitutes the first example of a systemically acting two‐component antibiotic with improved drug tolerability.
Synergistic anticancer effect of polymersome‐encapsulated curcumin and cytarabine: A spectroscopic and theoretical approach
Authors: Das Debashree , Bhattacharya Sampurna , Ganguly Sreshtha , Sur Runa , Sen Kamalika
Published: August 2024

Cytarabine, also known as cytosine arabinoside is an anticancer drug, and it is widely used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). But, clinical efficacy of highly hydrophilic cytarabine is often limited due to its rapid degradation and high biodistribution. Hence, this study aims to enhance the anticancer effect of cytarabine with the help of a naturally occurring polyphenol, curcumin. The interaction between cytarabine and curcumin was established by different spectroscopic techniques like UV–Visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). Molecular interactions were also studied using isothermal calorimetric titrations (ITC) followed by theoretical docking. The involvement of the amine group of cytarabine with the interaction of curcumin has been supported by FT‐IR and docking study. However, the major challenge with curcumin is that, in spite of its several medicinal benefits, poor solubility and bioavailability restricts its potential clinical applications. Hence, polymersome‐encapsulated curcumin (PEC) was prepared for the intravenous application. A two‐fold decrease in IC50 value of cytarabine against HeLa cell line was found in presence of encapsulated curcumin. This was justified on the basis of observed reactive oxygen species enhancement in serum in presence of cytarabine and PEC together, determined using absorption spectroscopy. The enhanced affinity of cytarabine toward DNA‐curcumin complex as compared to free DNA, supported by theoretical study, also validates the increased cytotoxicity of cytarabine in presence of PEC.
Toll‐Like Receptor 8 is Expressed in Monocytes in Contrast to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Mediates Aberrant Interleukin‐10 Responses in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ehlers Christine , Thiele Thea , Biermann Hannah , Traidl Stephan , Bruns Luzia , Ziegler Annett , Schefzyk Matthias , Bartsch Lea M. , Kalinke Ulrich , Witte Torsten , Graalmann Theresa
Published: August 2024

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe rheumatic disease causing fibrotic tissue rearrangement. Aberrant toll‐like receptor (TLR) 8 transcripts in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were recently linked to SSc pathogenesis, which is at least partially mediated by increased type I interferon (IFN‐I) responses. Here, we addressed the functional role of TLR8 signaling in different immune cell subsets of patients with SSc.

Methods

Monocytes, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), and pDCs from the blood and skin of patients with SSc were analyzed for TLR8 protein expression. To assess TLR function, cytokine responses upon TLR7 and TLR8 stimulation were studied. To identify relevant alterations specific for patients with SSc (n = 16), patients with primary Sjögren disease (pSS; n = 10) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 13) were included into the study.

Results

In all individuals, TLR8 was expressed in monocytes and cDCs but not in pDCs. The TLR8 expression levels were overall similar in patients with SSc and pSS and HCs. Additionally, in all study participants, TLR8 stimulation of pDCs did not induce IFN‐I expression. In contrast, monocytes from patients with SSc revealed increased interleukin (IL)‐10 responses upon TLR8 (patients with SSc vs HCs, P = 0.0126) and TLR7/8 stimulation (patients with SSc vs HCs, P = 0.0170).

Conclusion

TLR8 protein is not expressed in pDCs of patients with SSc. Accordingly, they do not respond to TLR8 stimulation. In contrast, monocytes of patients with SSc respond to TLR8 stimulation with increased IL‐10 responses. Therefore, TLR8 signaling in monocytes participates in SSc pathogenesis by conferring aberrant IL‐10 expression.

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HPV18 E6/E7 activates Ca2+ influx to promote the malignant progression of cervical cancer by inhibiting Ca2+ binding protein 1 expression
Authors: Kang Cong , Qiu Lei , Duo Yali , Bi FengLing , Liu Zhongjie , Wang Jing , Zheng Lei , Zhao Ning
Published: August 2024

Mounting studies have shown that the oncoproteins E6 and E7 encoded by the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome are essential in HPV‐induced cervical cancer (CC). Ca2+ binding protein 1 (CABP1), a downstream target of HPV18‐positive HeLa cells that interferes with E6/E7 expression, was identified through screening the GEO Database (GSE6926). It was confirmed to be down‐regulated in CC through TCGA prediction and in vitro detection. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that knocking down E6/E7 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas knocking down CABP1 promoted these processes. Simultaneously knocking down CABP1 reversed these effects. Additionally, the results were validated in vivo. Previous studies have indicated that CABP1 can regulate Ca2+ channels, influencing Ca2+ influx and tumor progression. In this study, it was observed that knocking down CABP1 enhanced Ca2+ inflow, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Knocking down E6/E7 inhibited these processes, whereas simultaneously knocking down E6/E7 and CABP1 restored the inhibitory effect of knocking down E6/E7 on Ca2+ inflow. To further elucidate that E6/E7 promotes CC progression by inhibiting CABP1 expression and activating Ca2+ influx, BAPTA/AM treatment was administered during CABP1 knockdown. It was discovered that Ca2+ chelation could reverse the effect of CABP1 knockdown on CC cells. In conclusion, our results offer a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of HPV‐induced CC.
Genome wide screening to discover novel toxin–antitoxin modules in Mycobacterium indicus pranii; perspective on gene acquisition during mycobacterial evolution
Authors: Bahl Aayush , Rakshit Roopshali , Pandey Saurabh , Tripathi Deeksha
Published: August 2024

Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a benign saprophyte with potent immunomodulatory attributes, holds a pivotal position in mycobacterial evolution, potentially serving as the precursor to the pathogenic Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite its established immunotherapeutic efficacy against leprosy and notable outcomes in gram‐negative sepsis and COVID‐19 cases, the genomic and biochemical features of MIP remain largely elusive. This study explores the uncharted territory of toxin‐antitoxin (TA) systems within MIP, hypothesizing their role in mycobacterial pathogenicity regulation. Genome‐wide screening, employing diverse databases, unveils putative TA modules in MIP, setting the stage for a comparative analysis with known modules in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae. The study further delves into the TA network of MAC and Mycobacterium intracellulare, unraveling interactive properties and family characteristics of identified TA modules in MIP. This comprehensive exploration seeks to illuminate the contribution of TA modules in regulating virulence, habitat diversification, and the evolutionary pathogenicity of mycobacteria. The insights garnered from this investigation not only enhance our understanding of MIP's potential as a vaccine candidate but also hold promise in optimizing tuberculosis drug regimens for expedited recovery.
CDC: Many teens say they don't receive emotional support, but parents say they do
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

According to the federal National Health Interview Survey and National Health Interview Survey–Teen, there's a big gap between the emotional support parents think their adolescent children are getting, and the support the teens say they're getting. In 2021–2022, 58.5% of teenagers reported always or usually receiving the social and emotional support they needed. Differences were seen by several demographic characteristics including sex, race and Hispanic origin, sexual or gender minority status, highest parental education level, and family income level. Teenagers who always or usually received support were less likely to report poor or fair health, anxiety or depression symptoms, very low life satisfaction, and poor sleep quality. Parents consistently reported higher perceived levels of their teenager's social and emotional support compared with the teenager's self‐report.
The importance of academic advising for dual credit and early college high school students
Authors: Moreno Marissa
Published: August 2024

Academic advising for dual credit and early college high school students is significant to postsecondary matriculation and degree completion of these students after high school graduation. Unstructured advising can lead students to take excess credits and have an unclear path to a postsecondary credential. This study focused on the importance of academic advising, ensuring a clear path is identified for each student participating in a dual credit or early college high school program. A qualitative survey identifying high school personnel's understanding of advising, needs to better serve students, and current challenges facing high school counselors is discussed. Quantitative data landscapes student demographics and attempted versus completed credits for both dual credit and early college high school students at multiple high schools. Practitioner recommendations underscore the need for college advising by a college advisor who is familiar with the college advisement process versus a high school counselor who focuses on high school completion needs.
The role of career and technology dual enrollment programs in facilitating student postsecondary transition
Authors: Wingfield Katerina
Published: August 2024

States have introduced a range of strategies and legislative policies aimed at increasing college matriculation through readiness strategies and initiatives that offer strong collaboration between secondary and postsecondary education. Early college high school (ECHS) models are one‐way that colleges, primarily community colleges, can serve underrepresented students in their journey to postsecondary opportunities. Additionally, pathways in technology (P‐TECH) models further connect students' academic experience to workforce opportunities and the acquisition of relevant skills. This article highlights the benefits connected to dual enrollment, the design of ECHS and P‐TECH models, and provides recommendations for strategy considerations when implementing these opportunities for students.
Adalimumab‐induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report
Authors: Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialilo Mehrzad , Tahsini Tekantapeh Sepideh , Farshchi Tabrizi Sahar , Salehi Alireza
Published: August 2024

Clinical Key Message

In patients receiving anti‐TNF‐α drugs for ankylosing spondylitis, monitoring purpuric and ischemic skin lesions is crucial. This case underscores the significance of identifying and addressing drug‐induced vasculitis while stressing the necessity for prompt evaluation and exploration of alternative treatment options to safeguard patient well‐being.

The case discusses a 38‐year‐old female with a history of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who presented with skin lesions, including purpuric skin lesions and ischemia of her right foot digits, after initiating treatment with adalimumab. After excluding other potential causes, such as infections and malignancies, the patient received a diagnosis of moderate‐sized vascular vasculitis associated with adalimumab use. Discontinuation of adalimumab and treatment with high dose glucocorticoids and intravenous pulse of cyclophosphamide resulted in the resolution of her ischemic lesions. This case underscores the importance of considering drug‐related side effects in patients with new skin lesions, particularly in the context of rheumatic diseases such as AS.
Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ ganglioglioma in a pediatric onset multiple sclerosis patient: A case report
Authors: Jahani Shima , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Here we present a co‐occurrence of a non‐typical presentation of DIG/DIA and multiple sclerosis in a 13‐year‐old female. Our case highlights how a thorough investigation prior to treatment is needed in patients with such condition to choose proper management for better prognosis.
Redo‐TAVR for bioprosthetic valve degeneration with obvious neoplasm in a left cerebral infarction patient
Authors: Liu Weili , Li Dacheng , Qu Zhanjun , Tang Guozhang , Liu Song , Li Yanchao , Jiang Lei
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

In recent years, it is necessary to Redo‐TAVR for the patients with bioprosthetic valve degeneration. This case report described a unique instance to successfully Redo‐TAVR a patient with bioprosthetic valve degeneration, in addition, with left cerebral infarction and renal insufficiency.

Over time, more and more patients have bioprosthetic valve degeneration either used in SAVR or TAVR. In order to solve the produced problems due to the degenerated bioprosthetic valve, Redo‐TAVR was increasingly popular due to its safe and efficiency especially for the high risk and complicated symptoms patients. In this case, the patient with left cerebral infarction and renal insufficiency has exhibited severe regurgitation and obvious neoplasm around the previous replaced aortic valve. For the patient with complicated symptoms, we did not image for this patient and only used CT to determine the position and angle for the Redo‐TAVR on the base of metal stent for the previous replaced aortic valve. During the Redo‐TAVR process, for fear of the obvious neoplasm slipping from the previous replaced aortic valve to embolism of important organs, before carrying out the Redo‐TAVR, cerebral protection device, temporary pacemaker, and coronary artery protection device were utilized in order to avoid the damage for the important organs from the obvious neoplasm slipping from the previous replaced aortic valve. The surgery was successful and the patient recovered well. The patient's symptoms of chest tightness and suffocation have been greatly reduced.
Ruthenium Nanoparticles within Carbon Spheres for Efficient Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Rendon‐Patiño A. , Mateo D. , Duran‐Uribe S. , Sepulveda‐Escribano A. , Gascon J. , Ramos‐Fernandez Enrique V.
Published: August 2024

The one step hydrothermal synthesis of encapsulated ruthenium nanoparticles on carbon results in solids displaying high potential in photo‐thermal catalysis. The integration of ruthenium into the carbon matrix has a twofold effect: (i) enhanced stability through prevention of metal sintering and oxidation and (ii) improved photothermal response. As a result, high efficiencies are achieved in the photo‐thermal decomposition of ammonia.
Review of Extrinsic Factors That Limit the Catalytic Performance of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) in Hydrogen Evolution Reactions (HER)
Authors: Muthu Jeyavelan , Khurshid Farheen , Hofmann Mario , Hsieh Ya‐Ping
Published: August 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered attention as potential catalysts for water splitting owing to their unique structures, diverse electronic properties, and composition from earth‐abundant elements. While certain TMD catalysts, notably MoS2, have shown promising activity for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), achieving performance comparable to traditional platinum catalysts remains a challenge. While significant effort has been invested into understanding the effect of TMD's structural properties, such as defectiveness and crystalline phases, recent work has emphasized the role of extrinsic factors on HER. This review summarizes the current understanding of the impact of commonly overlooked electrocatalytic effects that exhibit an enhanced importance in TMD‐based HER. By combining recent advances in theoretical modeling and experimental work, we review the dominating effects of extrinsic factors including electronic resistance, interfacial barriers, surface roughness, oxidation, and valence impurities. Our work aims to provide insights into optimizing TMDs as highly efficient catalysts for HER, facilitating future advancements in hydrogen generation technology.
Is Cobalt in Li‐Rich Layered Oxides for Li‐Ion Batteries Necessary?
Authors: Choi Hyeongseon , Schuer Annika Regitta , Moon Hyein , Melinte Georgian , Kim Guk‐Tae , Asenbauer Jakob , Kazzazi Arefeh , Kuenzel Matthias , Passerini Stefano
Published: August 2024

Cobalt is considered an essential element for layered cathode active materials supporting enhanced lithium‐ion conductivity and structural stability. Herein, we investigated the influence of Co concentration on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of lithium‐rich layered oxides (LRLOs) with different Co content (Li1.2Ni0.2‐x/2Mn0.6‐x/2CoxO2, x=0, 0.04, and 0.08). Though the presence of Co grants structural stability to LRLOs, superior long‐term cycling stability is achieved with the Co‐free LRLO retaining 88.1 % of the initial specific capacity (vs. 75.9 % of Li1.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.08O2) after 300 galvanostatic cycles at 250 mA g−1 (1 C). The chemical stability on the surface of LRLOs containing Co declines faster, indicating a higher bulk structural stability not being the primary determinant of the LRLOs’ cycling performance. Ex‐situ investigations indicate that the superior cycling stability of Co‐free LRLO is obtained by reducing the Mn‐related redox at discharge, which contributes to the large degree of polarization and low energy efficiency. Finally, the full‐cell configured with the optimized LRLO as cathode and graphite anode delivers an energy density of 464 Wh kg−1 at C/10, and 74.4 % and 94.3 % of retention in discharge specific capacity and average voltage at the 1000th cycle, demonstrating the applicability of Co‐free LRLO for sustainable LIBs.
Synthesis of Amorphous Nickel‐Cobalt Hydroxides for Ni−Zn Batteries
Authors: Ayyanusamy Poongodi , D Swathi Tharani. , Alphonse Ruby , Minakshi Manickam , Sivasubramanian R.
Published: August 2024

In this work we developed a hydrothermal method for synthesizing amorphous Ni−Co hydroxide (NC(OH)) and in the subsequent step crystalline NiCo2O4 (NCO) has been produced using water as the solvent. For nickel‐zinc batteries, NC(OH) was found to have superior performance to its NCO prepared by two‐step process. The thermal stability analysis exhibited the optimum temperature to obtain the NC(OH), and NCO electrode materials. The XRD pattern showed mixed phases containing both Ni and Co hydroxides (during the initial step) and in the subsequent step (calcined) the formation of cubic spinel structure was noticed. For NC(OH), aggregated particles with irregular morphology were observed while clustered nanorod‐like shapes were noticed for NCO samples. To be noted, that the nanorod morphology was obtained through a facile approach without employing any structure‐directing agent. Both NC(OH) and NCO were employed as cathodes for Ni−Zn battery studies against Zn foil anode with a polyamide‐based separator soaked in 6 M KOH saturated with ZnO additive was used as electrolyte. The Ni−Zn cell was fabricated in CR2032 coin cell configuration. The electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed the characteristic redox peaks for NC(OH) sample exhibiting high peak current compared to its NCO counterpart. The NC(OH) had a capacity of 268 mAh g−1 against 120 mAh g−1 for NCO at a current density of 1 Ag−1. The cell was able to retain 85 % of the capacity at the end of 500 cycles and showed remarkable rate capability. The Ni−Zn battery presents energy and power densities of 428.8 Wh Kg−1 and 2.68 kW Kg−1, respectively surpassing the normal values reported for aqueous rechargeable batteries. Owing to the presence of Ni and Co in hydroxide form (reduced crystallinity) the NC(OH) sample showed improved electrochemical activity. This work provides a facile approach and effective strategy for developing bimetallic hydroxides for optimal energy storage performance.
Leveraging neural networks to estimate parameters with confidence intervals
Authors: Mathias Nigel , Weir Lauren , Corbett Brandon , Mhaskar Prashant
Published: August 2024

This manuscript presents a proof of concept for the estimation of parameters in a bioprocess while providing reliable confidence intervals. Specifically, Bayesian inference is used to estimate the uncertainty in the prediction of a parameter due to the presence of measurement noise in the process. The resultant joint probability distribution is utilized to infer the confidence interval of the resultant estimates. This method is numerically applied using a technique known as nested sampling. This algorithm iteratively samples parameters from a pre‐determined range of values to compare model predictions and obtain a probability density function. One challenge typically associated with this algorithm is in the determination of the prediction error, especially when a high‐fidelity dynamic model is being utilized. For the motivating example in the present manuscript, where a high‐fidelity simulated bioprocess is being considered, the use of the high‐fidelity model provided by Sartorius AG as part of the estimation algorithm poses computational challenges. To overcome this challenge, a universal approximator such as a parameterized neural network is used. This neural network is designed to simulate the results of the first principles model (while also capturing the dependence of the model parameters on the output), and once trained can provide near instantaneous results making the use of nested sampling computationally tractable for the application. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the proposed approach.
Effects of cellulose addition on sodium lignosulfonate pyrolysis: Product distribution and formation pathway
Authors: Ge Lichao , Zhao Can , Wang Yang , Qi Zhifu , Wang Ruikun , Yin Qianqian , Zhang Yuli , Xu Chang
Published: August 2024

Copyrolysis of lignin and cellulose can effectively improve pore structure and optimize product distribution. Therefore, the distribution, characteristics, components, and formation mechanism of the copyrolysis products of cellulose and sodium lignosulfonate were studied. The pyrolysis of sodium lignosulfonate was effectively inhibited by cellulose, especially when the amount of doped cellulose was 40 wt.%, and tubes presumed to be carbon nanotubes were prepared under these conditions. For bio‐oil, the contents of phenol, 2‐methoxy‐, and 4‐aminopyridine increased with decreasing amounts of doped cellulose. However, cellulose substantially reduced the content of 2‐furanmethanol. H2, CO2, CO, and CH4 were the main components of the biogas; among them, H2 was the most abundant component in the biogas. Considering the characteristics of the three‐phase product, a higher C content in the volatiles (especially bio‐oil) can promote the formation of carbon nanotubes. Finally, the formation mechanism and interactions of the main components in the volatiles of cellulose and sodium lignosulfonate were proposed.
Association Between Phenotypic Age and the Risk of Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Xuhong , Xu Zhiqi
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronological age (CA) is an imperfect proxy for the true biological aging state of the body. As novel measures of biological aging, Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), have been shown to identify morbidity and mortality risks in the general population.

Hypothesis

PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel might be associated with mortality in heart failure (HF) patients.

Methods

This cohort study extracted adult data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) databases. Weighted univariable and multivariable Cox models were performed to analyze the effect of PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel on all‐cause mortality in HF patients, and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated.

Results

In total, 845 HF patients were identified, with 626 all‐cause mortality patients. The findings suggested that (1) each 1‐ and 10‐year increase in PhenoAge were associated with a 3% (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.03–1.04) and 41% (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.29–1.54) increased risk of all‐cause mortality, respectively; (2) when the PhenoAgeAccel < 0 as reference, the ≥ 0 group was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.49–2.45). Subgroup analyses showed that (1) older PhenoAge was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in all subgroups; (2) when the PhenoAgeAccel < 0 as a reference, PhenoAgeAccel ≥ 0 was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality in all subgroups.

Conclusion

Older PhenoAge was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in HF patients. PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel can be used as convenient tools to facilitate the identification of at‐risk individuals with HF and the evaluation of intervention efficacy.
Virtual and in Vitro Screening Employing a Repurposing Approach Reveal 13‐cis‐Retinoic Acid is a PTP1B Inhibitor
Authors: Del Carmen Navarrete‐Mondragón Reyna , Cortés‐Benítez Francisco , Elena Mendieta‐Wejebe Jessica , González‐Andrade Martin , Pérez‐Villanueva Jaime
Published: August 2024

Current treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D) mainly rely on exercise, dietary control, and anti‐diabetic drugs to enhance insulin secretion and improve insulin sensitivity. However, there is a need for more therapeutic options, as approved drugs targeting different pharmacological objectives are still unavailable. One potential target that has attracted attention is the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway. In this work, a comprehensive computational screening was carried out using cheminformatics and molecular docking on PTP1B, employing a rigorous repurposing approach. The screening involved approved drugs and compounds under research as anti‐diabetics that bind to targets such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) and α‐glucosidase. Several computational hits were then meticulously tested in vitro against PTP1B, with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid (3a) showing an IC50 of 0.044 mM and competitive inhibition. Molecular dynamics studies further confirmed that 3a can bind to the catalytic binding site of PTP1B. Finally, 3a is the first time it has been reported as an inhibitor of PTP1B, making it a potentially valuable candidate for further studies in D2T treatment.
Bio‐Inspired Adaptive and Responsive Protein‐Based Materials
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhao Qi , Zhang Jingjiao , Wei Shuo , Tao Fei , Yang Peng
Published: August 2024

In nature, the inherent adaptability and responsiveness of proteins play a crucial role in the survival and reproduction of organisms, enabling them to adjust to ever‐changing environments. A comprehensive understanding of protein structure and function is essential for unraveling the complex biological adaptive processes, providing new insights for the design of protein‐based materials in advanced fields. Recently, materials derived from proteins with specific properties and functions have been engineered. These protein‐based materials, distinguished by their engineered adaptability and responsiveness, range from the nanoscale to the macroscale through meticulous control of protein structure. First, the review introduces the natural adaptability and responsiveness of proteins in organisms, encompassing biological adhesion and the responses of organisms to light, magnetic fields, and temperature. Next, it discusses the achievements in protein‐engineered adaptability and adhesion through protein assembly and nanotechnology, emphasizing precise control over protein bioactivity. Finally, the review briefly addresses the application of protein engineering techniques and the self‐assembly capabilities of proteins to achieve responsiveness in protein‐based materials to humidity, light, magnetism, temperature, and other factors. We hope this review will foster a multidimensional understanding of protein adaptability and responsiveness, thereby advancing the interdisciplinary integration of biomedical science, materials science, and biotechnology.
Deep Blue Emitter with a Combination of Hybridized Local and Charge Transfer Excited State and Aggregation‐Induced Emission Features for Efficient Non‐Doped OLED
Authors: Itsoponpan Teerapat , Wongkaew Praweena , Prakanpo Nipanan , Sukthawee Trirath , Suyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: August 2024

Herein, a deep blue emitter (PI‐TPB‐CN) with a synergistic effect of hybridized local and charge transfer excited state (HLCT) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties is successfully designed and synthesized to improve the performance of deep blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is constructed using a 1,2,4,5‐tetraphenylbenzene (TPB) as an π‐conjugated AIE core being asymmetrically functionalized with a phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole (PI) as a weak donor (D) and a benzonitrile (CN) as an acceptor (A), thereby formulating D‐π‐A type fluorophore. Its HLCT and AIE properties verified by theoretical calculations, solvatochromic effects, and transient photoluminescence decay experiments, bring about a strong blue emission (452 nm) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 74 % in the thin film. PI‐TPB‐CN is successfully employed as a blue emitter in OLEDs. Non‐doped OLED with the structure of ITO/HAT‐CN (6 nm)/NPB (30 nm)/TCTA (10 nm)/PI‐TPB‐CN (30 nm)/TPBi (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) demonstrates excellent electroluminescence (EL) performance with blue emission (451 nm) and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 7.38 %. The device with a thinner layer of PI‐TPB‐CN (20 nm) and TPBi (30 nm) exhibits a deeper blue emission (444 nm) with CIE coordinates of (0.156, 0.096), a low turn‐on voltage of 3.0 V, and EQEmax of 6.45 %.
The Effect of Low‐Dose Colchicine on the Phenotype and Function of Neutrophils and Monocytes in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease: A Double‐Blind Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Cross‐Over Study
Authors: Tercan Helin , van Broekhoven Amber , Bahrar Harsh , Opstal Tjerk , Cossins Benjamin C. , Rother Nils , Rodwell Laura , Bekkering Siroon , El Messaoudi Saloua , Riksen Niels P. , Cornel Jan H.
Published: August 2024

Recent landmark trials showed that colchicine provides a substantial benefit in reducing major cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Yet, its exact mechanism of action is still poorly understood. This study aimed to unravel the effect of colchicine on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over intervention study was executed in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. In neutrophils, colchicine treatment decreased CD62L expression and NGAL release upon ex vivo stimulation and increased PMA‐induced ROS production. The effects of colchicine on monocytes were limited to a decrease in HLA‐DR expression in the intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. Also, on the level of RNA expression, colchicine did not affect monocyte phenotype, while affecting various immunomodulating genes in neutrophils. Overall, our study suggests that treatment with colchicine affects neutrophil function, particularly by reducing neutrophil recruitment, lowering concentrations of NGAL, and changing the expression of various genes with immunomodulatory potential, whereas the effect on monocytes is limited.
Photothermal Assisted Biomass Oxidation for Pairing Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction with Low Cell Potential
Authors: Chen Houjun , Peng Rongcheng , Hu Ting , Tang Naizhuo , Wang Yahan , Zhang Yan , Ni Wenpeng , Zhang Shiguo
Published: August 2024

Integrating anodic biomass valorization with carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2RR) can produce value‐added chemicals on both the cathode and anode; however, anodic oxidation still suffers from high overpotential. Herein, a photothermal‐assisted method was developed to reduce the potential of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) electrooxidation. Capitalizing on the copious oxygen vacancies, defective Co3O4 (D‐Co3O4) exhibited a stronger photothermal effect, delivering a local temperature of 175.47 °C under near infrared light illumination. The photothermal assistance decreased the oxidation potential of HMF from 1.7 V over pristine Co3O4 to 1.37 V over D‐Co3O4 to achieve a target current density of 30 mA cm−2, with 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid as the primary product. Mechanistic analysis disclosed that the photothermal effect did not change the HMF oxidation route but greatly enhanced the adsorption capacity of HMF. Meanwhile, faster electron transfer for direct HMF oxidation and the surface conversion to cobalt (oxy)hydroxide, which contributed to indirect HMF oxidation, was observed. Thus, rapid HMF conversion was realized, as evidenced by in situ surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy. Upon coupling cathodic CO2RR with an atomically dispersed Ni−N/C catalyst, the Faradaic efficiencies of CO (cathode) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, anode) exceeded 90.0 % under a low cell potential of 1.77 V.
Optimizing Hard Carbon Anodes from Agricultural Biomass for Superior Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Naik Pooja B. , Reddy Naveen S , Nataraj S. K. , Maiti Uday N. , Beere Hemanth K , Yadav Prahlad , Jung Hyun Y. , Ghosh Debasis
Published: August 2024

Biomass‐derived carbon materials are gaining attention for their environmental and economic advantages in waste resource recovery, particularly for their potential as high‐energy materials for alkali metal ion storage. However, ensuring the reliability of secondary battery anodes remains a significant hurdle. Here, we report Areca Catechu sheath‐inner part derived carbon (referred to as ASIC) as a high‐performance anode for both rechargeable Li‐ion (LIBs) and Na‐ion batteries (SIBs). We explore the microstructure and electrochemical performance of ASIC materials synthesized at various pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 700 to 1400 °C. ASIC‐9, pyrolyzed at 900 °C, exhibits multilayer stacked sheets with the highest specific surface area, and the least lateral size and stacking height. ASIC‐14, pyrolyzed at 1400 °C, demonstrates the most ordered carbon structure with the least defect concentration and the highest stacking height and an increased lateral size. ASIC‐9 achieves the highest capacities (676 mAh/g at 0.134 C) and rate performance (94 mAh/g at 13.4 C) for hosting Li+ ions, while ASIC‐14 exhibits superior electrochemical performance for hosting Na+ ions, maintaining a high specific capacity after 300 cycles with over 99.5 % Coulombic efficiency. This comprehensive understanding of structure‐property relationships paves the way for the practical utilization of biomass‐derived carbon in various battery applications.
Influence of Complex Multiphasic Flow on the Thiuram Electrosynthesis in a Microchannel Reactor
Authors: Zheng Siyuan , Wang Kai
Published: August 2024

As an important sustainable method for chemical synthesis, organic electrosynthesis experienced a renaissance in recent years for its excellent atom economy. Although microchannel reactors have been proposed to advanced electrosynthesis devices to obtain low energy cost and high reaction performance, the complex multiphasic flow in the electrochemical microchannels are very less reported and the effects of flow condition on the electrosynthesis reaction are less reported. Taking the electrosynthesis of tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (TETD) as a typical case, we developed a visualized electrochemical microchannel reactor equipped with fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) loaded glass electrode to investigate the gas‐liquid‐liquid triple phase flow pattern and the main factors influenced the response current at certain applied cell voltage. The gas‐liquid‐liquid hybrid flow with low gas hold‐up and high liquid flow rate was found crucial for preventing coverage of TETD on the electrode, which provided 23.1 % low current attenuation ratio at 3.0 V cell voltage. The research not only exhibited the complex evolution mechanism of the response current, but also showed the importance of flow condition control for balancing the work efficiency and energy consumption of electrosynthesis process.
A novel unified interference management scheme for multicellular MIMO communication with instantaneous relay
Authors: Menon U Vivek , Selvaprabhu Poongundran
Published: August 2024

In the world of emerging wireless networks, interference poses a significant challenge to reliable wireless communication. Additionally, these networks are prone to path loss and blockages, which can be addressed by utilizing the advanced technology of multihop communication with instantaneous relay (IR). However, scenarios involving IR‐assisted networks are considered instances of multihop communications that face potential obstacles caused by interference. As a result, multiple interference management approaches exist to tackle this interference issue, among which aligned interference neutralization (AIN) is a state‐of‐the‐art technology that seamlessly unifies two established interference management strategies: interference alignment (IA) and interference neutralization (IN). Therefore, this paper presents a novel tristaged AIN scheme to mitigate interference in a multicellular multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference multiple access channel (IMAC). In the proposed scheme, the initial stage‐1 involves transmitting message signals from individual transmitters or users to the IR and the receiving base stations (BSs). In stage‐2, the IR neutralizes half of the interference signals by performing IN. Finally, in stage‐3, IA is carried out at the receiver BS terminals, aligning the remaining interference signals equally within the available dimensions. Based on this proposed approach, we determined that for an IR‐aided multicellular MIMO IMAC, the achievable degree of freedom (DoF) is 2N. The proposed approach's robustness and effectiveness have been analyzed through extensive simulations, and these simulation results indicated that the proposed approach outperforms other benchmark interference management techniques in terms of DoF and sum rate, thereby improving user performance.