bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference and integration in groups
Authors: Ryan Kay
Published: August 2022

Many of us are called on to lead groups- seminar groups, business/organisational groups, therapy groups, support groups and what are termed growth groups, family groups, school groups and others. There are many ways of leading these groups. Groups can be challenging and also frightening, for both leaders and participants, especially larger groups and ones that are less easy to control. Many of us prefer peaceful behaviour in groups where one person speaks at a time, where one sentence is finished before moving onto the next, where staying seated in an orderly fashion is the norm, and efforts are made not to be too loud or outspoken and not to be too quiet as both attract unwanted attention, judgement and even analysis.
In this paper, I present a way of working with groups, group diversity and conflict, that provides a possible direction we could follow to fully harvest the potential of our turbulent and challenging times. I will draw on the work of Arnold Mindell, originally a physicist, then Jungian analyst, who developed the framework of what we now call Process Oriented Psychology or Process Work.
Logotherapy and existential analysis
Authors: Wurm Christopher
Published: August 2022

50 years ago NZAP was founded- one year after the publication of Professor Viktor Frankl's book, Man's Search for Meaning, published on his release from a Nazi concentration camp in 1946. Initially inspired by Freud, Frankl later tried to integrate the biological and psychological dimensions with a specifically human dimension, the noetic or spiritual dimension. Logotherapy an Existential Analysis aims to counter some of the self-fulfilling prophecies, introspection and therapeutic nihilism inherit in other treatments. Logotherapy aims to enable the patient to identify and fulfil meaning potentialities, such as by bringing out their capacity for self-transcendence.
Logotherapy and Existential Analysis can be used clinically in situations as diverse as mid-life crisis, fear of death, phobias and anxiety, alcohol dependence and other problems of living. There has also been some research interest in existential approaches over many years in New Zealand.
Hybrid Ni–Co–Ni Structures Prepared by Magnetophoresis as Efficient Permanent Magnets for Integration into Microelectromechanical Systems
Authors: Moritz Pierre , Lecerf Ilona , Gonon Antoine , Maties Georgiana , Blon Thomas , Cayez Simon , Bourrier David , Mathieu Fabrice , Angulo-Cervera José Elías , Nicu Liviu , Leïchlé Thierry , Ondarçuhu Thierry , Viau Guillaume , Lacroix Lise-Marie
Published: August 2022

The direct integration of performant permanent magnets (PMs) within miniaturized circuits remains both a scientific and a technological challenge. Magnetophoresis‐driven capillary assembly of hard magnetic nanoparticles is a promising approach to fabricate 3D rare‐earth‐free PMs. However, this process implies the use of soft magnetic blocks to generate the magnetic field gradients required to localize the assembly directly onto silicon substrates. The impact of these soft elements onto the overall magnetic properties is evaluated using Co nanorods as hard material and 150 μm–thick Ni blocks. As expected, the presence of Ni softens the overall properties of the hybrid magnet obtained, but PM properties are preserved for reduced Ni volumes. Magnetic induction as high as 19 mT at a distance of 200 μm is generated by the hybrid Ni–Co–Ni structures, allowing for the electromagnetic actuation of a microelectromechanical resonant sensor.
Ion Compensation of Buried Interface Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted MA‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yu , shen Yang , Tang Weijian , Wu Yihui , Luo Weidong , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Wen‐Hua
Published: August 2022

The development of inorganic hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is one of the most reliable ways to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the un‐optimal buried interfacial contacts and the defects located at the inorganic HTMs/perovskite interface restricted the device's performance. Herein, a phase‐pure CuScO2 has been synthesized and further employed as mesoporous HTM in inverted PSCs. Surprisingly, a facile pretreatment of the hole‐transport layer by a formamidine salt compensates the I− vacancy of the buried perovskite film, thus regulating the interfacial band energy alignment between the HTM and perovskite. This ion compensation strategy can not only in situ repair the ion loss and improve the built‐in electric field, but also decrease the charge injection barrier and suppress the non‐radiative interfacial recombination. Benefiting from these merits, the resulting methylammonium‐free (MA), Cs/FA‐based PSCs displays a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.42% along with excellent thermal and light stability. Moreover, the pre‐buried treatment strategy can be extended to MA‐containing CsFAMA triple‐cation perovskite film, and a champion inverted device delivers a PCE of 23.11%. This study offers a new avenue to the rational design of HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Eliminating the Micropore Confinement Effect of Carbonaceous Electrodes for Promoting Zn‐Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Wang Li , Peng Mengke , Chen Jierui , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: August 2022

Zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising technology for large‐scale energy storage by integrating the attributes of supercapacitors and zinc‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, the insufficient Zn2+‐storage active sites of carbonaceous cathode materials and the mismatch of pore sizes with charge carriers lead to unsatisfactory Zn2+ storage capability. Herein, new insights for boosting Zn2+ storage capability of activated nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (ANHPC‐x) are reported by effectively eliminating the micropore confinement effect and synchronously elevating the utilization of active sites. Therefore, the best‐performed ANHPC‐2 delivers impressive electrochemical properties for ZICs in terms of excellent capacity (199.1 mAh g−1), energy density (155.2 Wh kg−1), and durability (65 000 cycles). Systematic ex situ characterizations together with in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and Raman spectra measurements reveal that the remarkable electrochemical performance is assigned to the synergism of the Zn2+, H+, and SO42− co‐adsorption mechanism and reversible chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the ANHPC‐2‐based quasi‐solid‐state ZIC demonstrates excellent electrochemical capability with an ultralong lifespan of up to 100 000 cycles. This work not only provides a promising strategy to improve the Zn2+ storage capability of carbonaceous materials but also sheds lights on charge‐storage mechanism and advanced electrode materials’ design for ZICs toward practical applications.
Reversible Phase Transition for Durable Formamidinium‐Dominated Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Huifen , Li Nengxu , Chen Zehua , Tao Shuxia , Li Chunlei , Jiang Lang , Niu Xiuxiu , Chen Qi , Wang Feng , Zhang Yu , Huang Zijian , Song Tinglu , Zhou Huanping
Published: August 2022

Phase instability is one of the major obstacles to the wide application of formamidinium (FA)‐dominated perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An in‐depth investigation on relevant phase transitions is urgently needed to explore more effective phase‐stabilization strategies. Herein, the reversible phase‐transition process of FA1−xCsxPbI3 perovskite between photoactive phase (α phase) and non‐photoactive phase (δ phase) under humidity, as well as the reversible healing of degraded devices, is monitored. Moreover, through in situ atomic force microscopy, the kinetic transition between α and δ phase is revealed to be the “nucleation–growth transition” process. Density functional theory calculation implies an enthalpy‐driven α‐to‐δ degradation process during humidity aging and an entropy‐driven δ‐to‐α healing process at high temperatures. The α phase of FA1−xCsxPbI3 can be stabilized at elevated temperature under high humidity due to the increased nucleation barrier, and the resulting non‐encapsulated PSCs retain >90% of their initial efficiency after >1000 h at 60 °C and 60% relative humidity. This finding provides a deepened understanding on the phase‐transition process of FA1−xCsxPbI3 from both thermodynamics and kinetics points of view, which also presents an effective means to stabilize the α phase of FA‐dominated perovskites and devices for practical applications.
Balanced Interfacial Ion Concentration and Migration Steric Hindrance Promoting High‐Efficiency Deposition/Dissolution Battery Chemistry
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Li Lanyan , Qin Liping , Guo Shan , Fang Guozhao , Luo Zhigao , Liang Shuquan
Published: August 2022

The solid–liquid transition reaction lays the foundation of electrochemical energy storage systems with high capacity, but realizing high efficiency remains a challenge. Herein, in terms of thermodynamics and dynamics, this work demonstrates the significant role of both interfacial H+ concentration and Mn2+ migration steric hindrance for the high‐efficiency deposition/dissolution chemistry of zinc–manganese batteries. Specially, the introduction of formate anions can buffer the generated interfacial H+ to stabilize interfacial potential according to the Nernst equation, which stimulates high capacity. Compared with acetate and propionate anions, the formate anion also provides high adsorption density on the cathode surface to shield the electrostatic repulsion due to the small spatial hindrance. Particularly for the solvated Mn2+, the formate‐anion‐induced lower energy barrier of the rate‐determining step during the step‐by‐step desolvation process results in lower polarization and higher electrochemical reversibility. In situ tests and theoretical calculations verify that the electrolyte with formate anions achieve a good balance between ion concentration and ion‐migration steric hindrance. It exhibits both the high energy density of 531.26 W h kg‐1 and long cycle life of more than 300 cycles without obvious decay.
Revival of Ferroelectric Memories Based on Emerging Fluorite‐Structured Ferroelectrics
Authors: Park Ju Yong , Choe Duk‐Hyun , Lee Dong Hyun , Yu Geun Taek , Yang Kun , Kim Se Hyun , Park Geun Hyeong , Nam Seung‐Geol , Lee Hyun Jae , Jo Sanghyun , Kuh Bong Jin , Ha Daewon , Kim Yongsung , Heo Jinseong , Park Min Hyuk
Published: August 2022

Over the last few decades, the research on ferroelectric memories has been limited due to their dimensional scalability and incompatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The discovery of ferroelectricity in fluorite‐structured oxides revived interest in the research on ferroelectric memories, by inducing nanoscale nonvolatility in state‐of‐the‐art gate insulators by minute doping and thermal treatment. The potential of this approach has been demonstrated by the fabrication of sub‐30 nm electronic devices. Nonetheless, to realize practical applications, various technical limitations, such as insufficient reliability including endurance, retention, and imprint, as well as large device‐to‐device‐variation, require urgent solutions. Furthermore, such limitations should be considered based on targeting devices as well as applications. Various types of ferroelectric memories including ferroelectric random‐access‐memory, ferroelectric field‐effect‐transistor, and ferroelectric tunnel junction should be considered for classical nonvolatile memories as well as emerging neuromorphic computing and processing‐in‐memory. Therefore, from the viewpoint of materials science, this review covers the recent research focusing on ferroelectric memories from the history of conventional approaches to future prospects.
Enhanced Rashba Splitting of Au(111) Surface States with Hydrogen‐Bonded Melamine‐Based Organic Framework
Authors: Moue Rena , Kokubo Yuta , Mukai Kozo , Mizushima Hirotaka , Fukushima Yuto , Kawaguchi Kaishu , Kondo Takeshi , Harasawa Ayumi , Yoshinobu Jun , Mase Kazuhiko , Shin Shik , Kanai Kaname
Published: August 2022

Molecular adsorption on noble‐metal surfaces influences the Rashba effect in the Shockley surface state (SS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Melamine is a simple molecule with a symmetric backbone consisting of a heterocyclic ring. It self‐assembles into a rosette‐like superstructures on Au(111) via double intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In this study, the growth process and structure of this hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) using low‐energy electron diffraction and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy is revealed. Above room temperature, it is impossible for melamine to be adsorbed on Au(111) as a monomer, but it is adsorbed collectively as a hydrogen‐bonding network. The melamine HOF has a characteristic hexagonal honeycomb structure (MHC), which significantly affects both the structure and electronic states of Au(111). A theoretical approach reveals that MHC induces a hexagonal periodic deformation in the structure of Au(111) and introduces a new periodic potential in the surface electronic system. Angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of MHC/Au(111) indicate that the bulk sp band is strongly folded back, enhancing the Rashba splitting of the SS of Au(111). Furthermore, spin‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that the enhanced Rashba splitting of the SS by the MHC is the largest reported to date for the adsorption system on Au(111).
Genetically Engineered Hematopoietic Stem Cells Deliver TGF‐β Inhibitor to Enhance Bone Metastases Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Beilei , Bai Jinyu , Tian Bo , Chen Hao , Yang Qianyu , Chen Yitong , Xu Jialu , Zhang Yue , Dai Huaxing , Ma Qingle , Fei Ziying , Wang Heng , Xu Fang , Zhou Xiaozhong , Wang Chao
Published: August 2022

Owing to the immune microenvironment of bones and low selectivity of the drug, patients with bone metastases often respond poorly to immunotherapy. In this study, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)‐expressing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are genetically engineered for bone‐targeted delivery of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) small‐molecule inhibitor SB‐505124 (SB@HSCs‐PD‐1). Intriguingly, compared to anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies, as “living drugs”, HSCs‐PD‐1 not only show great targeting ability to the bone marrow, but are also able to reduplicate themselves within the bone marrow niche and continuously express PD‐1 molecules. The SB released from HSCs‐PD‐1 competitively bound to TGF‐β receptors on CD4+ T cells and facilitate CD4+ T cell differentiation to helper T (TH)1 and TH2 cells, thereby reprogramming the local immunosuppressive milieu of the bone marrow. Additionally, HSCs‐PD‐1 can block programmed death‐ligand 1 on tumor and myeloid cells, resulting in reinvigorated anti‐tumor immunity of T cells. In conclusion, in the present study, an alternative cell engineering strategy is delineated for immune checkpoint blockade therapy, to target bone metastasis using HSCs as a platform, which shows great promise in the treatment of bone metastases.
Designing 3D Anode Based on Pore‐Size‐Dependent Li Deposition Behavior for Reversible Li‐Free All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Park Se Hwan , Jun Dayoung , Lee Gyu Hyeon , Lee Seong Gyu , Jung Ji Eun , Bae Ki Yoon , Son Samick , Lee Yun Jung
Published: August 2022

Li‐free all‐solid‐state batteries can achieve high energy density and safety. However, separation of the current collector/solid electrolyte interface during Li deposition increases interfacial resistance, which deteriorates safety and reversibility. In this study, a reversible 3D porous anode is designed based on Li deposition behavior that depends on the pore size of the anode. More Li deposits are accommodated within the smaller pores of the Li hosting anode composed of Ni particles with a granular piling structure; this implies the Li movement into the anode is achieved via diffusional Coble creep. Surface modification of Ni with a carbon coating layer and Ag nanoparticles further increases the Li hosting capacity and enables Li deposition without anode/solid electrolyte interface separation. A Li‐free all‐solid‐state full cell with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode shows an areal capacity of 2 mAh cm−2 for retaining a Coulombic efficiency of 99.46% for 100 cycles at 30 °C.
Semi‐Synthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Lead Against Acinetobacter baumannii 17978
Authors: Sianturi Julinton , Priegue Patricia , Hu Jing , Yin Jian , Seeberger Peter H.
Published: August 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii is a opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for serious nosocomial infections that is becoming increasingly resistant against antibiotics. Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) that cover A. baumannii are a major virulence factor that play an important role in pathogenesis, are used to assign serotypes and provide the basis for vaccine development. Synthetic oligosaccharides resembling the CPS of A. baumannii 17978 were printed onto microarray slides and used to screen sera from patients infected with A. baumannii as well as a monoclonal mouse antibody (mAb C8). A synthetic oligosaccharide emerged from glycan array screening as lead for the development of a vaccine against A. baumannii 17978. Tetrasaccharide 20 is a key epitope for recognition by an antibody and is a vaccine lead.
Photocatalytic Removal of the Greenhouse Gas Nitrous Oxide by Liposomal Microreactors
Authors: Piper Samuel E. H. , Casadevall Carla , Reisner Erwin , Clarke Thomas A. , Jeuken Lars J. C. , Gates Andrew J. , Butt Julea N.
Published: August 2022

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse and ozone‐reactive gas for which emissions are growing rapidly due to increasingly intensive agriculture. Synthetic catalysts for N2O decomposition typically contain precious metals and/or operate at elevated temperatures driving a desire for more sustainable alternatives. Here we demonstrate self‐assembly of liposomal microreactors enabling catalytic reduction of N2O to the climate neutral product N2. Photoexcitation of graphitic N‐doped carbon dots delivers electrons to encapsulated N2O Reductase enzymes via a lipid‐soluble biomolecular wire provided by the MtrCAB protein complex. Within the microreactor, electron transfer from MtrCAB to N2O Reductase is facilitated by the general redox mediator methyl viologen. The liposomal microreactors use only earth‐abundant elements to catalyze N2O removal in ambient, aqueous conditions.
The impact of firm size on environmental sustainability: The assessment based on the analysis of cost structure
Authors: Dzeraviaha Ihar
Published: August 2022

Firm size has an impact on different aspects of business and is regarded as one of the key factors that determine its competitiveness. Large companies have an advantage of economies of scale as well as a higher financial, human, technical potential, while small companies are usually more flexible and innovative. The growing attention to the environmental aspects of business implies the need to study the impact of firm size on environmental sustainability. Giving the multidimensional nature of the latter as well as the lack of necessary data, it is a major challenge to develop an effective measurement framework. The approach proposed in the study is based on the assessment of share of personnel costs in the value of production or turnover, which is associated with the value created without additional environmental pressure. The results of the analysis demonstrate that small firms are more sustainable in manufacturing, construction and related activities, while large companies are better for the environment in resource intensive activities based on the concentrated sources of energy and materials.
Exploring subject positions in Greek migrants' discourse on mobility decisions
Authors: Zisakou Anastasia , Figgou Lia
Published: August 2022

The current study explores the ways in which Greek migrants in their early adulthood position themselves in discourse on mobility decisions. For the purposes of the study, 17 virtual interviews with Greek migrants (aged between 25–40 years old) in European cities were conducted. Analysis, based on the principles of critical discursive social psychology, indicated that, in their accounts of migration decision‐making, participants positioned themselves in various ways: as career/job seekers, as adventurers, as well as (personal or institutional/economic) crisis‐ridden individuals. Multiple subject positions were constituted by an amalgam of rational/practical and affective repertoires which depicted migration as a multifaceted, dynamic and non‐linear project. Analysis also highlighted the multiple spatial (transnational, national and local) and dynamic temporal constructions mobilized by participants, in order to construct their motivations for migrating. Discussion of findings suggests that social psychology (a) can vitally contribute to migration literature, by considering ways in which social actors position themselves by the use of historically and culturally specific resources and by their orientation to local interactional concerns in the context of accounting for their mobility and (b) can be benefited by considering spatial and temporal aspects in the analysis of migration.
Unusual manifestation of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A case report
Authors: Albaji Maryam , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Iranmehr Arad
Published: August 2022

A young man, a recent coronavirus patient, was readmitted with hypoesthesia and dysarthria following a rapid deterioration of respiratory symptoms. The brain and lung CT scans revealed ischemia and cavitary lung lesions. Clinical suspicion for aspergillus leads to prompt treatment, confirmed by biopsy. Neurologic and pulmonary symptoms resolved ultimately.
Sensitivity of rice to low rates of glyphosate and glyphosate plus dicamba at multiple growth stages
Authors: France O. Wesley , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trent , Ross Jeremy , Barber Tom , Gbur Edward
Published: August 2022

Off‐target movement of glyphosate can be severely injurious to rice (Oryza sativa L.). Glyphosate is routinely mixed with dicamba and applied to crops with resistance to both herbicides, such as glyphosate‐ and dicamba‐resistant corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of low rates of glyphosate and glyphosate plus dicamba on rice at multiple application timings. Separate field experiments were conducted and were repeated in 2018 and 2019 near Stuttgart, AR. The first experiment evaluated rice's response to glyphosate alone; a second experiment evaluated responses to glyphosate applied as a mixture with dicamba over several rice growth stages. The rates of glyphosate alone evaluated were 0.023, 0.047, 0.187, and 0.375 oz acid equivalent (ae) acre–1. Mixtures of glyphosate plus dicamba were evaluated at 0.050 plus 0.025, 0.2 plus 0.1, and 0.8 plus 0.4 oz ae acre–1, respectively. Visible injury to rice from glyphosate alone was never more than 3%, averaged over application timings. Unique symptomology and greater yield losses were observed for glyphosate mixed with dicamba. There was no reduction in rough rice grain yield after treatment with glyphosate alone. For the glyphosate plus dicamba experiment, no more than 13% injury occurred from any treatment. Rough rice grain yield was reduced by 21% relative to the nontreated control for the highest rate of glyphosate plus dicamba, averaged over application timings. Care should be taken to prevent off‐target movement of mixtures of glyphosate plus dicamba to neighboring rice.
Microscopic Reactivity of Phenylferrate Ions toward Organyl Halides
Authors: Lülf Stefan , Guo Luxuan , Parchomyk Tobias , Harvey Jeremy N. , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: August 2022

Despite its practical importance, organoiron chemistry remains poorly understood due to its mechanistic complexity. Here, we focus on the oxidative addition of organyl halides to phenylferrate anions in the gas phase. By mass‐selecting individual phenylferrate anions, we can determine the effect of the oxidation state, the ligation, and the nuclearity of the iron complex on its reactions with a series of organyl halides RX. We find that Ph2Fe(I)− and other low‐valent ferrates are more reactive than Ph3Fe(II)−; Ph4Fe(III)− is inert. The coordination of a PPh3 ligand or the presence of a second iron center lower the reactivity. Besides direct cross‐coupling reactions resulting in the formation of RPh, we also observe the abstraction of halogen atoms. This reaction channel shows the readiness of organoiron species to undergo radical‐type processes. Complementary DFT calculations afford further insight and rationalize the high reactivity of the Ph2Fe(I)− complex by the exothermicity of the oxidative addition and the low barriers associated with this reaction step. At the same time, they point to the importance of changes of the spin state in the reactions of Ph3Fe(II)−.
Multiple Heterohelicenes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications**
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Shen Jun‐Jian
Published: August 2022

Multiple heterohelicenes are a unique class of helical nonplanar scaffolds that have attracted great attention due to their appealing shapes, optical and electronic properties, and potential applications in chiral materials. This review describes the recent advances and challenges in the design and synthesis of representative multiple heterohelicenes with intriguing chiral properties. And the corresponding applications are also covered.
Current challenges in hydrate‐based desalination: Kinetic and thermodynamic perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naveed , Xu Hongfei , Peters Cornelis J. , Koh Carolyn Ann
Published: August 2022

Water scarcity is becoming a severe problem worldwide due to inadequate freshwater resources and swift population growth. Seawater desalination is one of the vital approaches to meet the demand for freshwater. However, energy and associated costs with conventional seawater desalination techniques are incentivizing non‐conventional water desalination processes. Water desalination using gas hydrates formation is one of the emerging non‐conventional processes. In this perspective article, recent advances in hydrate‐based seawater desalination (HBSD) have been critically analyzed to outline a future path towards a clean and efficient hydrate‐based desalination process. It provides a detailed comparison of various processes developed over decades, and measured desalination efficiencies with their process details. Moreover, the current challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of hydrate‐based desalination are also discussed. The study also recapitulates the thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of the hydrate‐based desalination process. In addition, various factors controlling the desalination efficiencies, such as control of the separation of hydrate crystals, salt deposition on hydrate particles, and hydrate morphology, were thoroughly investigated with their proposed process designs. The kinetics of hydrate formation is also assessed, with the possibility of a zero‐induction regime and its consequent impact on hydrate morphology. The current capabilities of the thermodynamics models (Gibbs energy minimization + electrolyte equation of state) were discussed using various commercially available software. Additionally, the role of hydrate promotors is also discussed, which can reduce the higher cost associated with the hydrate‐based desalination process.
Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetic Study of 2 Edoxaban Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Liu Lihua , Li Xin , Liu Yujie , Xu Bing , Li Yuan , Yuan Fang , Zhang Ping , Tu Shengqing , Hu Wenhui
Published: August 2022

The aim was to investigate the bioequivalence of 2 orally administered edoxaban 60‐mg tablets and the food effects on the pharmacokinetics of edoxaban. Sixty‐four healthy Chinese subjects participated in this open‐label, randomized, 2‐sequence, 4‐period, crossover study. All subjects randomly received 60‐mg generic (test) or branded (reference) edoxaban tablet in each period. Plasma edoxaban concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) were compared to assess bioequivalence. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios for Cmax, AUC from time 0 to the last measurable time point (AUC0‐t), and AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞) were 97.0%, 95.4%, and 96.1%, respectively, in the fasting test, and 98.6%, 100.0%, and 99.8%, respectively, in the fed test. Food increased exposure and prolonged the time to maximum concentration of edoxaban. Both formulations displayed comparable safety profiles, with no serious adverse events reported. The 2 products of edoxaban tablets are bioequivalent and safe in healthy Chinese volunteers. Food may have a modest effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of edoxaban.
Behavioral responses of a parasitoid fly to rapidly evolving host signals
Authors: Broder E. Dale , Gallagher James H. , Wikle Aaron W. , Venable Cameron P. , Zonana David M. , Ingley Spencer J. , Smith Tanner C. , Tinghitella Robin M.
Published: August 2022

Animals eavesdrop on signals and cues generated by prey, predators, hosts, parasites, competing species, and conspecifics, and the conspicuousness of sexual signals makes them particularly susceptible. Yet, when sexual signals evolve, most attention is paid to impacts on intended receivers (potential mates) rather than fitness consequences for eavesdroppers. Using the rapidly evolving interaction between the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, and the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, we asked how parasitoids initially respond to novel changes in host signals. We recently discovered a novel sexual signal, purring song, in Hawaiian populations of T. oceanicus that appears to have evolved because it protects the cricket from the parasitoid while still allowing males to attract female crickets for mating. In Hawaii, there are no known alternative hosts for the parasitoid, so we would expect flies to be under selection to detect and attend to the new purring song. We used complementary field and laboratory phonotaxis experiments to test fly responses to purring songs that varied in many dimensions, as well as to ancestral song. We found that flies strongly prefer ancestral song over purring songs in both the field and the lab, but we caught more flies to purring songs in the field than reported in previous work, indicating that flies may be exerting some selective pressure on the novel song. When played at realistic amplitudes, we found no preferences–flies responded equally to all purrs that varied in frequency, broadbandedness, and temporal measures. However, our lab experiment did reveal the first evidence of preference for purring song amplitude, as flies were more attracted to purrs played at amplitudes greater than naturally occurring purring songs. As purring becomes more common throughout Hawaii, flies that can use purring song to locate hosts should be favored by selection and increase in frequency.
Two‐Dimensional Perovskite Single Crystals for High‐Performance X‐ray Imaging and Exploring MeV X‐ray Detection
Authors: Xu Xieming , Wu Yiheng , Zhang Yi , Li Xiaohui , Wang Fang , Jiang Xiaoming , Wu Shaofan , Wang Shuaihua
Published: August 2022

Scintillation semiconductors play increasingly important medical diagnosis and industrial inspection roles. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites have been shown to be promising materials for medical X‐ray imaging, but they are mostly used in low‐energy (≤130 keV) regions. Direct detection of MeV X‐rays, which ensure thorough penetration of the thick shell walls of containers, trucks, and aircraft, is also highly desired in practical industrial applications. Unfortunately, scintillation semiconductors for high‐energy X‐ray detection are currently scarce. Here, This paper reports a 2D (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 single crystal with outstanding sensitivity and stability toward X‐ray radiation that provides an ultra‐wide detectable X‐ray range of between 8.20 nGyair s−1 (50 keV) and 15.24 mGyair s−1 (9 MeV). The (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 single‐crystal detector with a vertical structure is used for high‐performance X‐ray imaging, delivering a good spatial resolution of 4.3 lp mm−1 in a plane‐scan imaging system. Low ionic migration in the 2D perovskite enables the vertical device to be operated with hundreds of keV to MeV X‐ray radiation at high bias voltages, leading to a sensitivity of 46.90 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 (−1.16 V μm−1) with 9 MeV X‐ray radiation, demonstrating that 2D perovskites have enormous potential for high‐energy industrial applications.
β‐Cyclodextrin Anchor NiCo2S4 on Graphene to Enhance Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor
Authors: Zang Xiaobei , Liang Liheng , Wang Xuemeizi , Li Chao , Li Peixu , Shao Qingguo , Cao Ning
Published: August 2022

To construct high–energy‐density supercapacitors, an electrode material with high conductivity needs to be compounded with an electrode material with high capacitive properties. Herein, NiCo2S4‐β‐cyclodextrin graphene (CDG) composite material formed by growing NiCo2S4 nanoparticles on graphene oxide (GO) modified with β‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is reported. The modification of β‐CD can tackle the problem of agglomeration of GO and acts as a bridge to increase the binding force between NiCo2S4 nanoparticles and substrates. Combining the benefits of the modified GO and NiCo2S4, the synthesized composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties of 1325.9 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and rate capability of 55.5% as current density increases from 1 to 7 A g−1. Moreover, the asymmetric device, fabricated with NiCo2S4‐β‐CDG as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode, exhibits a maximum energy of 30.72 Wh kg−1 at 1.28 kW kg−1 power density.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements for rodent genetic epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3‐WG1B: Paediatric and genetic models working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational TASK force
Authors: Mantegazza Massimo , Auvin Stėphane , Barker‐Haliski Melissa , Katsarou Anna‐Maria , Kubova Hana , Galanopoulou Aristea S. , Semple Bridgette , Reid Christopher A.
Published: August 2022

Rodent models of epilepsy remain the cornerstone of research into the mechanisms underlying genetic epilepsy. Reproducibility of experiments using these rodent models, occurring across a diversity of laboratories and commercial vendors, remains an issue impacting the cost‐effectiveness and scientific rigor of the studies performed. Here, we present two case report forms (CRFs) describing common data elements (CDE) for genetic rodent models, developed by the TASK3‐WG1B Working Group of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)/American Epilepsy Society (AES) Joint Translational Task Force. The first CRF relates to genetic rodent models that have been engineered based on variants described in epilepsy patients. The second CRF encompasses both spontaneous and inbred rodent models. This companion piece describes the elements and discusses the important factors to consider before documenting each required element. These CRFs provide tools that allow investigators to more uniformly describe core experimental data on different genetic models across laboratories, with the aim of improving experimental reproducibility and thus translational impact of such studies.
The relationship between interhemispheric synchrony, morphine and microstructural development of the corpus callosum in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Failla Alberto , Filatovaite Lauryna , Wang Xiaowan , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Dudink Jeroen , de Vries Linda S. , Benders Manon , Stevenson Nathan , Tataranno Maria Luisa
Published: August 2022

The primary aim of this study is to examine whether bursting interhemispheric synchrony (bIHS) in the first week of life of infants born extremely preterm, is associated with microstructural development of the corpus callosum (CC) on term equivalent age magnetic resonance imaging scans. The secondary aim is to address the effects of analgesics such as morphine, on bIHS in extremely preterm infants. A total of 25 extremely preterm infants (gestational age [GA] < 28 weeks) were monitored with the continuous two‐channel EEG during the first 72 h and after 1 week from birth. bIHS was analyzed using the activation synchrony index (ASI) algorithm. Microstructural development of the CC was assessed at ~ 30 and ~ 40 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) using fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the primary and secondary aim. Analyses were adjusted for important clinical confounders: morphine, birth weight z‐score, and white matter injury score. Due to the reduced sample size, only the most relevant variables, according to literature, were included. ASI was not significantly associated with FA of the CC at 30 weeks PMA and at 40 weeks PMA (p > .5). ASI was positively associated with the administration of morphine (p < .05). Early cortical synchrony may be affected by morphine and is not associated with the microstructural development of the CC. More studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term effects of neonatal morphine treatment to optimize sedation in this high‐risk population.
Regional grey matter volume in the posterior cingulate cortex predicts positive risk‐taking: A moderation model
Authors: Liu Di , Ji Mengcheng , Zhuang Kaixiang , Chen Qunlin , Shi Baoguo , Qiu Jiang
Published: August 2022

Positive risk‐taking is a crucial element of individual creativity and social development. However, little is known regarding the relation between individual neural differences and positive risk‐taking. In addition, critical thinking (CT) and gender have been proven to be two important individual‐specific factors associated with risk‐taking behaviour, and different levels of CT and gender may have diverse effects on the relationship between brain structure and positive risk‐taking. The present study examined the relationship between positive risk‐taking and regional grey matter volume (rGMV) in 292 healthy participants. The results showed that positive risk‐taking was significantly positively associated with the rGMV of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In addition, this study investigated individual differences in critical thinking and found that it moderated the relationship between rGMV and positive risk‐taking. Individuals with lower CT had a stronger association between rGMV and positive risk‐taking. Further analysis showed that for males, a greater rGMV was significantly linked to higher positive risk‐taking tendency. These findings suggest that PCC evaluates risk and serves as a behavioural adaptation hub for positive risk‐taking. This study thereby contributes to the literature on individual differences in brain structure and risk‐taking by elucidating the moderating effects of CT and gender in healthy adults.
Photo‐induced energy and charge transfer dynamics in Y6 dimers
Authors: Si Qinqin , Lian Man , Zhao Yi
Published: August 2022

Y6 (BTP‐4F) is one of the novel non‐fullerene acceptors and its photo‐physics significantly affects the efficiency of organic solar cells. Here, the photo‐induced energy and charge transfer (CT) dynamics in four typical dimers (Y, C, S1, and S2)‐TYPE from Y6 films are revealed by combining electronic structure theory calculations, rate theories, and quantum dynamics simulations. The rate theories show that in ground‐state CT processes the Y‐TYPE is bipolar with the largest rate among all dimers, and in excitation energy transfer the triplet rates are about 105 smaller than the singlet ones, however, the singlet rates can reach 1013s−1, which may lead to the rate theories invalid. The stochastic Schrödinger equation based on the diabatic Hamiltonian is thus adopted to reveal excited‐state dynamics. The results show that three of the four dimers are H‐aggregate except for S1‐TYPE with J‐aggregate property. However, these J/H‐aggregate properties are excited‐state dependent, for instance, the Y‐TYPE becomes J‐aggregate in the second excited‐state. Furthermore, CT states are strongly mixed with the first two excited states, which can dramatically impact the energy transfer. Indeed, the dynamic simulations clarify that the excited‐state energy relaxation mediated by CT states can be performed in the first 20 fs, and the CT‐state population is even non‐negligible in the quasi‐stationary distribution.
Folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells in the preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Authors: Li Zhixin , Cai Jianqiao , Zhao Yongqiang , Cai Jie , Zhao Xiaogang
Published: August 2022

Background

The use of FR + CTC to distinguish lung cancer from benign lung disease has been well studied. However, the effective method to differentiate precursor glandular lesions from benign/malignant pulmonary diseases is rare.

Methods

380 patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules were prospectively recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants before surgery for analyzing FR + CTC levels. The performance of FR + CTC to identify lung precursor lesions were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

FR + CTC can effectively differentiate precursor from benign pulmonary diseases in all included patients (cutoff: 9.22 FU/3 ml, AUC = 0.807, (p < 0.0001, sensitivity: 69.17%, specificity: 82.46%) and patients with single pulmonary lesion (cutoff: 9.03 FU/3 ml, AUC = 0.842, p = 0.0001, sensitivity: 75.20%, specificity: 83.00%). However, FR + CTC cannot differentiate precursor from benign pulmonary diseases in multiple lesions patients (p = 0.110). FR + CTC neither differentiate precursor from malignant pulmonary lesions in all included patients (p = 0.715), single nor multiple lesions patients (p = 0.867, p = 0.692, respectively). Total number of pulmonary nodules, MTD, location (lower vs upper) were independent risk factors for malignancy (AOR, 95% CI: 3.104 (1.525, 6.316), 3.148 (1.722, 5.754), 2.098 (1.132, 3.888), respectively.

Conclusion

Preoperative FR + CTC can be identified in precursor glandular lesions and utilized to differentiate from benign pulmonary diseases. Total number of pulmonary nodules, MTD, location (lower vs upper) were independent risk factors for malignancy.
Fatigue crack propagation and fracture toughness of cortical bone are radiation dose‐dependent
Authors: Crocker Dylan B. , Hoffman Isaac , Carter Jennifer L. W. , Akkus Ozan , Rimnac Clare M.
Published: August 2022

Cortical bone allograft sterilized with a standard γ‐radiation dose of 25–35kGy has demonstrated reduced static and cyclic fracture resistance compared with unirradiated bone. To mitigate radiation damage, we recently observed a dose‐dependent response of high‐cycle fatigue behavior of human cortical bone from 0 to 25 kGy, with lower doses exhibiting logarithmically longer fatigue lives. The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to determine whether fracture toughness, work‐to‐fracture, and fatigue crack propagation resistance of human cortical bone are also radiation dose‐dependent, and (2) to determine the associations of radiation dose and a Raman biomarker for collagen disorder with fracture properties. Compact tension specimens were machined from two donor femoral pairs and allocated to four treatment groups: 0 (unirradiated control), 10, 17.5, and 25 kGy. Fracture toughness specimens were monotonically loaded to failure and the critical stress intensity factor (KC) was determined. Work‐to‐fracture was calculated from the load versus displacement integral up to fracture. Fatigue crack propagation specimens were cyclically loaded under constant room‐temperature irrigation and fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) and cyclic stress intensity (∆K) were calculated. Fracture toughness, work‐to‐fracture, and fatigue crack propagation resistance decreased 18%, 33%, and 15‐fold from 0 to 25 kGy, respectively (p < 0.05). Radiation dose was more predictive of fracture properties than collagen disorder. These findings support that quasi‐static and fatigue fracture properties of cortical bone are radiation dose‐dependent within this dose range. The structural alterations arising from irradiation that cause these losses in fracture resistance remain to be elucidated.
An analysis of journalism articles achieving high Altmetric attention scores
Authors: Nabavi Majid
Published: August 2022

New methods of judging the impact of academic articles now include alternative metrics, and the goal of this study was to provide an insight into the journals and papers with top Altmetric attention scores (AAS) in the field of journalism. Scopus and Dimensions were used as the primary data sources. Fifteen journalism journals were identified from Scopus, and papers from these journals with an Altmetric Attention Score of over 100 were collected from Dimensions as the study's sample, which comprised 87 papers. Most of the papers with high AAS were published after 2017, and five were published in 2022. The sample included a larger number of closed access articles (n = 50) than open access (n = 37), although analysis revealed that open access articles had higher median Tweets than closed access. Articles on journalism practice were more likely to receive attention from news outlets. None of the papers with high AAS are highly cited, which may be due to the limited time to accumulate citations. The journal with the highest impact factor (Digital Journalism) did not have the greatest number of papers with high AAS, but had far higher scores on Twitter engagement than the other journals. The results do not show any correlation between impact factors and citation metrics and social metrics.
Amazon River discharge impacts deep‐sea meiofauna
Authors: Pereira Tiago J. , Castellões Paula Vieira , Netto Sérgio A.
Published: August 2022

In this study, we show that the deep‐sea meiofauna community at the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM) is strongly influenced by the Amazon River. Our comparison across four deep ocean basins including Amazon, Pará‐Maranhão, Barreirinhas, and Ceará showed that the former supports a completely distinct meiofaunal community. Meiofaunal richness increased with increasing distance from the Amazon, reflecting changes in sediment proprieties among basins. Total phytopigment content at Amazon sediments was threefold higher than at other basins. The chlorophyll a/Phaeo mean ratio, however, was lower than 1, suggesting a predominant degraded bulk organic matter derived from the Amazon River discharge. Nematode assemblages from Amazon strongly differed from the other basins mostly due to higher genus richness, trophic diversity, and variations in the abundance of Sabatieria, which in turn led into higher dissimilarity values and turnover rate. Furthermore, the bathymetric distribution of nematode assemblages at Amazon and Ceará basins differed significantly among depth zones, especially due to the higher abundance and diversity at Amazon basin. Our findings show that the Amazon River plays a critical role in structuring and shaping the deep‐sea meiofauna and nematode biodiversity at the BEM. Increasing impacts on the Amazon rainforest will certainly affect the amount of freshwater discharge, and the quantity and quality of organic material transported to the Atlantic Ocean, which in turn will have effects on the deep‐sea communities.