bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authentic leadership and employee engagement: the mediating role of employee work environment
Authors: Dartey-Baah Kwasi , Issahaku Latifa , Akwetey-Siaw Bridget
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelations between authentic leadership style and employee engagement and the mediating influence of employee work environment in the local government service in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative research design, this study conducted a cross-sectional survey using a stratified and simple random sampling technique, gathering data from 245 respondents from local government service employees in Ghana.

Findings

This study’s findings supported the positive and significant role of authentic leadership style in fostering employee engagement and shaping the work environment. In addition, the research established that the employee work environment played a partial mediating role in the relationship between authentic leadership and employee engagement.

Practical implications

The implications of this study underscore the importance of authentic leadership within government units, offering a compelling argument against the prevalent bureaucratic form of leadership commonly observed in such settings. As a result, it is recommended that concerted efforts be directed toward cultivating a positive work environment conducive to fostering employee engagement. This entails a deliberate focus on the leadership styles exhibited within the various settings. Moreover, there is a crucial need for the training and encouragement of supervisors to embody authentic leadership practices.

Originality/value

By promoting authentic leadership practices, this research advocates for a shift toward leadership approaches that prioritize transparency, integrity and employee empowerment, ultimately fostering a more conducive work environment and enhancing employee engagement within the local government service in Ghana.
An SMAA-based approach for multi-attribute fixed resource allocation problem with random attribute values and uncertain weights
Authors: Song Shiling , Zhang Ye
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In a typical problem of allocating a fixed resource across a set of decision-making units (DMUs), the decision maker will decide how much resource to allocate to each DMU. Real-world decision-making contexts frequently pose challenges in precisely assessing each DMU’s performance on distinct parameters and in ascertaining the relative importance of these parameters, since resource allocation often precedes the decision-making process. Conventional decision-making approaches fall short in effectively addressing such complexities. In this paper, the authors propose a stochastic multi-attribute acceptability analysis (SMAA)-based model that can deal with the resource allocation problem with uncertain attribute values and unknown attribute weights.

Design/methodology/approach

The SMAA-based model first regards the resource to be allocated as an evaluation attribute and then proposes a fair resource allocation solution that minimizes the gap between the holistic acceptability of each DMU. To address the optimization of the SMAA-based model, two heuristic strategies were devised: a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach and an adaptive algorithm, both designed to yield acceptable outcomes within a constrained time frame.

Findings

The resource allocation model based on SMAA can provide an effective analytical framework for the resource allocation problem of different DMUs in uncertain environments. Meanwhile, the PSO algorithm and adjustment algorithm proposed in this paper can help decision-makers quickly find a fair resource allocation plan.

Originality/value

Primarily, this study introduces a novel approach rooted in SMAA for tackling resource allocation dilemmas where attribute values are uncertain and weight information is absent. Secondly, a fairness-centric strategy that minimizes the disparity in overall acceptability among various DMUs is presented. Thirdly, two heuristic algorithms, namely, PSO algorithm and adjustment algorithm, are developed to solve the problem.
Beyond borders: insights from Professor David Ahlstrom on entrepreneurship and innovation in emerging economies
Authors: Lee Younggeun
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to present an insightful interview with Professor David Ahlstrom, a distinguished scholar in the field of entrepreneurship and management in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The interview explores Professor Ahlstrom’s extensive research on the dynamics of emerging economies, institutional theory, corporate governance, China’s early economic takeoff and the dissemination of management knowledge.

Findings

Drawing upon his prolific body of work, the discussion delves into how businesses navigate the complexities of globalization, adapt to institutional pressures and innovate within the constraints and opportunities presented by emerging economies, particularly during their reform process. Professor Ahlstrom shares his perspectives on the evolution of corporate governance practices, international business in turbulent environments and the pivotal role of entrepreneurship in driving economic growth and innovation in China and other emerging economies. Furthermore, he reflects on the challenges and rewards of scholarly publishing and the vital importance of management education in shaping future leaders and researchers.

Originality/value

Through his insights, Professor Ahlstrom not only elucidates the nuanced interplay between theory and practice in management but also offers valuable advice to aspiring scholars in the field. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on management research and practice in emerging economies, offering readers a comprehensive overview of key issues and future directions as seen through the lens of one of the field’s most respected voices.
Competitive advantage in online grocery supply chains: leveraging GPT technology
Authors: Xin Baogui , Zhu Liusong , Peng Wei
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Online grocery stores are facing challenges. The intense competition in the online grocery market has driven companies to seek technological innovation. Moreover, the operations of online grocery stores on both the supply and demand sides are not sufficiently meeting the requirements of consumers and managers. The powerful capabilities of the Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) technology align with the needs of online grocery stores for innovation and upgrading. This study uniquely leverages GPT’s advanced natural language processing, adaptive learning and generative capabilities to analyze and optimize the online grocery supply chain competition in ways not possible with traditional analytical tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs a Stackelberg game model, comprising a secondary supply chain consisting of a supplier who provides products and a retailer who sells them. This study explores the impact of GPT technology on online grocery store operations from the demand side and supply side, specifically including the value of service information, demand information and information-sharing behavior.

Findings

The findings reveal several vital conclusions: (1) On the demand side, the service information plays a crucial role in enhancing service levels and increasing consumer demand; (2) On the supply side, demand information provides positive incentives for retailers and suppliers and (3) Information-sharing behaviors can lead to cooperative relationships between upstream and downstream supply chain members, significantly increasing their respective service levels. This study not only explores the impact of GPT on the online grocery supply chain but also presents a rigorous framework for validating GPT-generated insights, ensuring the reliability of our findings.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights into a promising field. It employs game theory to analyze the impact of GPT technology on the overall operation of the online grocery supply chain and the market strategy of online grocery stores.
Effect of active cooling on the formation of IN718 microstructures in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
Authors: Bréhier Michèle , Weisz-Patrault Daniel , Tournier Christophe
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on laser metal powder-directed energy deposition, which is used to repair parts or manufacture high-performance components. Fine and equiaxed microstructures are often targeted because of their homogeneous mechanical properties. However, doing so can only be done by either adjusting process parameters or using external actuators that necessitate additional equipment. This paper presents a method that circumvents these issues by using only the powder spray nozzle and inerting gas when the laser is switched off to actively cool the part without additional equipment.

Design/methodology/approach

Single-bead IN718 thin walls were produced with a unidirectional strategy, taking advantage of the return path to actively cool the part. Six different sets of parameters were chosen to cover the operating range of laser power and machine scanning speed.

Findings

Analysis of the electron back-scatter diffraction maps of the walls highlights the impact of this active cooling strategy on the microstructure. A fine, untextured microstructure was observed, regardless of process parameters, which enables optimization of process parameters to maximize productivity instead of being conditioned by the targeted fine-equiaxed microstructure. The grain size obtained can be further refined by increasing the scanning speed of the actively cooled parts.

Originality/value

An informed choice of off-production nozzle trajectories would enable reaching a fine and untextured microstructure independently of process parameters.
Topology optimization of additive manufactured CFRP structures with anisotropy properties to minimize frequency response
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhu Nan , Liao Wei-Hsin , Gao Qiang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to present a novel topology optimization method for effectively minimizing the frequency response over a given frequency interval considering anisotropic features and fiber angles simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach

The variable thickness sheet (VTS) method is used to obtain a free material distribution under the specified volume constraint. The anisotropic equivalent stiffness matrix based on the material fiber angles is considered in the orthotropic material properties model, which ensures a sufficiently large design space to minimize the frequency response. To lessen the computational burden, the quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV) method is integrated to approximate the structural response.

Findings

Compared to considering only one element, the optimization process simultaneously considers the spatially-varying fiber angles and the material distribution, allowing for a broader design space to minimize the frequency response of additive manufacturing (AM) structures. The orthotropic properties play an important role in determining optimal material distribution of the structure. Moreover, the QSRV method makes the frequency response analysis more efficient.

Originality/value

The anisotropic stiffness and spatially-varying angles of the fiber materials induced by the layer-by-layer printing process of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are simultaneously considered to further minimize the frequency response of AM structures, which improves the performance of AM-CFRP structures.
Design, manufacturing, and deformation behavior of novel bio-inspired lattice structures with arc-shaped strut configurations
Authors: Patel Brijesh H. , Pandey Pulak Mohan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Natural elements in the biological organs of plants and animals consist of repetitive geometries, which often form the basis for the new lattice structure design with improved performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy absorption capabilities and deformation behavior of lattice structures inspired by Helleborus petticoat flower and fish scale patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors designed arc-shaped strut lattice structures by incorporating the geometrical features of Helleborus petticoat flower and fish scale pattern into lattice strut configuration. The structures were printed from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material using fused deposition modeling process and tested under uniaxial compression. The energy absorption parameters, such as specific energy absorption (SEA), mean plateau stress, onset densification strain and absorption efficiency were determined, and deformation mechanism under static compression was analyzed. The SEA of proposed structures was compared with other TPU structures in the reported literature.

Findings

The results show that the lattice strut configuration affects the mechanical properties, energy absorption characteristics and deformation behavior of the proposed bio-inspired structures. The SEA was found to be in the range of 0.34–0.97 kJ / kg. Overall, the novel flower-inspired structure displayed significantly higher SEA (+185%), compared to fish scale-derived structure.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the authors have designed the proposed lattice structures for the first time. The energy absorption characteristics and deformation behavior of proposed lattice structures had never been reported previously.
Transmitting Literature, Preserving Language. Case Studies of Classical Latin from Literary Manuscripts from the Roman East (I bc–II ad)1
Authors: Scappaticcio Maria Chiara
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to provide a critical survey of classical Latin literature—with a few insights into slightly later (i.e. Augustan or early imperial) literature—as transmitted in ancient manuscripts dating prior to the third century, i.e. in fragmentary papyrus rolls (and less often codices) mostly coming from the Roman East and palaeographically dating to between the first century BC and the end of the second century AD. Spellings and orthography are the focus, albeit other significant linguistic (especially lexical) features are discussed when they can offer clues to a more complex analysis of classical Latin.
The Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality‐Based Treatment for Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zeka Fatime , Clemmensen Lars , Valmaggia Lucia , Veling Wim , Hjorthøj Carsten , Glenthøj Louise Birkedal
Published: December 2024

Background

The increasing number of studies of immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions for mental disorders call for an examination of the current level of evidence on their effectiveness. The findings may guide scalability and contribute to the advancement and optimization of immersive VR‐based interventions for mental disorders.

Methods

A systematic literature search across four databases screened 2443 studies. Outcomes were disorder‐specific symptoms, cognition, function, and quality of life. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023465845) and follows the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Fifty‐five studies involving a total of 3031 participants covering 10 mental disorders were included in the analysis. VR interventions demonstrated statistically significant effects of post‐treatment compared to active control conditions for alcohol use disorder (reduced state anxiety, g = 0.89, 95% CI[0.24, 1.55]) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (reduced psychotic symptoms, g = 0.37, 95% CI[0.04, 0.70]). Compared to passive control conditions, statistically significant effects of VR interventions were observed for panic and agoraphobia (g = 1.28, 95% CI [0.47, 2.10]), social anxiety disorder (g = 0.83, 95% CI [0.49, 1.17]), specific phobias (g = 1.07, 95% CI[0.22, 1.92]), depression symptoms in PTSD (g = 0.67, 95% CI [0.22;1.13]). In contrast, no significant differences were found between VR interventions and active control conditions for functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia spectrum disorder and panic or agoraphobia. No meta‐analyses were conducted on cognition due to insufficient data. Over 50% of the included studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. According to the GRADE assessment, evidence for VR‐based interventions across various mental disorders was generally of low to very low certainty, with a few exceptions rated as moderate certainty.

Conclusion

VR interventions may potentially have benefits, particularly when compared to passive control conditions, however, the evidence remains uncertain necessitating more large‐scale, methodologically robust studies. Current findings can thus only be considered indicative. Recommendations on future directions of the VR field are discussed.
Risk and its others: Toward an anthropology of “protection” in rural Mongolia
Authors: Bristley Joseph
Published: December 2024

Anthropological studies of risk have long focused on how people respond to and aim to manage potential harm. But despite its long and important genealogy, this article suggests that risk can pose an analytic blind spot that potentially occludes other ways of understanding how people aim to live well in potentially harmful situations. In doing so, it argues for anthropological attention to a Mongolian “protection” concept: an optimistic idea that imaginatively tethers defense against harm with prospects of living well in the conditions that follow. This approach aims to recast and deepen anthropological understanding of how people conceptualize, deal with, and move beyond harms encountered in everyday life.
Cliché anthropologists and the interactive probing of aspirations under market expansion
Authors: Hizi Gil
Published: December 2024

There was a moment in my fieldwork in China when I was prompted to rethink my position in relation to my interlocutors and the values they brought into play. More specifically, I became aware that their image of Western foreigners matched my profile as a wandering anthropologist with incoherent life trajectories. This was so even though, to some degree, they had difficulty translating their image of me into their social reality. Through my research on practices of self‐improvement, I came to see how, in expressing concerns about their personhood and ways of living, my interlocutors moved beyond the telos of business‐driven success. Analytically, I came to better understand how my interaction with them had productively constituted new discursive spaces of the imagination—spaces in which some of our worries were likely to unravel.
The role of theory of mind, group norms and intentionality in children's and adolescents' moral evaluations of a misinformer
Authors: Farooq Aqsa , Adlam Anna , Rutland Adam
Published: December 2024

Misinformation poses a significant threat to modern society. Children and adolescents, highly active on social media, are particularly vulnerable to encountering misinformation from peers. Assessing whether intentionality impacts moral evaluations of misinformers, considering age and group norms, is crucial. Theory of Mind (ToM) plays a key role in understanding false beliefs and intentions. In a study involving 266 UK‐based children (8‐11‐years‐old) and adolescents (12‐15‐years‐old), participants evaluated a misinformer in a scenario involving a school competition. Deliberate misinformation led to harsher judgements and a higher likelihood of punishment. However, children tended to be more inclusive than adolescents regardless of intentionality. Adolescents with higher ToM believed in the misinformation less. Higher ToM correlated with harsher misinformer evaluations across the sample. These findings underscore the impact of intentionality, ToM and age on moral evaluations, suggesting that high ToM may mitigate positive feelings towards misinformers, potentially reducing misinformation acceptance.
External validation of predictive models for antibiotic susceptibility of urine culture
Authors: Werneburg Glenn T. , Rhoads Daniel D. , Milinovich Alex , McSweeney Sean , Knorr Jacob , Mourany Lyla , Zajichek Alex , Goldman Howard B. , Haber Georges‐Pascal , Vasavada Sandip P.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To develop, externally validate, and test a series of computer algorithms to accurately predict antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results at the time of clinical diagnosis, up to 3 days before standard urine culture results become available, with the goal of improving antibiotic stewardship and patient outcomes.

Patients and Methods

Machine learning algorithms were developed and trained to predict susceptibility or resistance using over 4.7 million discrete AST classifications from urine cultures in a cohort of adult patients from outpatient and inpatient settings from 2012 to 2022. The algorithms were validated on a cohort from a geographically‐distant hospital system, ~1931 km (~1200 miles) from the training cohort facilities, from the same time period. Finally, algorithms were clinically validated in a contemporary cohort and compared to the empiric therapy prescribed by clinicians. Appropriateness of the antibiotics selected by clinicians and the algorithm during the clinical validation was compared.

Results

Algorithms were accurate during clinical validation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.71–0.94) for all 11 tested antibiotics. The algorithms’ accuracy improved as the organism was identified (AUC 0.79–0.97). In external validation in a geographically‐distant cohort, the algorithms remained accurate even without additional training on this group (AUC 0.69–0.87). When the algorithms were trained on the antibiogram from the geographically‐distant hospital, the accuracy improved (AUC 0.70–0.93). When algorithms’ performances were tested against clinicians in a contemporary cohort for the empiric prescription of oral antibiotics, the drug agent suggested by the algorithms more frequently resulted in adequate empiric coverage.

Conclusions

Machine learning algorithms trained on a large dataset are accurate in prediction of urine culture susceptibility vs resistance up to 3 days prior to urine AST availability. Clinical implementation of such an algorithm could improve both clinical care and antimicrobial stewardship.
Narrating providential history: Bede's account of the conversion of King Edwin of Northumbria in his Historia ecclesiastica
Authors: Cubitt Catherine
Published: December 2024

This article takes Bede's account of the conversion of King Edwin of Northumbria as a case study in the mechanics and function of narrative. It is now recognized that Bede's sources for his Ecclesiastical History were very limited and that in composing it he relied upon his own deductions as a historian and upon his narrative skill to provide circumstantial detail and causal connections. This article shows how Bede exploited oral narratives to create his account of Edwin's conversion, harmonizing three, conflicting explanations for it. It analyses his use of oral stories, including traditional story types and folkloric stories, and argues that he combined these with additional information of his own invention to endow his History with causality and plausibility. In this, Bede was following the rules of classical rhetoric.
Longitudinal trajectories of digital upper limb biomarkers for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Foong Yi Chao , Merlo Daniel , Gresle Melissa , Zhu Chao , Buzzard Katherine , Lechner‐Scott Jeannette , Barnett Michael , Taylor Bruce V. , Kalincik Tomas , Kilpatrick Trevor , Darby David , Dobay Pamela , van Beek Johan , Hyde Robert , Simpson‐Yap Steve , Butzkueven Helmut , van der Walt Anneke
Published: December 2024

Background

Upper limb dysfunction is a common debilitating feature of relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We aimed to examine the longitudinal trajectory of the iPad®‐based Manual Dexterity Test (MDT) and predictors of change over time.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled RRMS patients (limited to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) < 4). Longitudinal data was analysed using mixed‐effect modelling and latent class mixed models. We then examined whether group membership in latent classes predicted confirmed slowing in MDT.

Results

Seven hundred and twenty‐one participants had complete data for analysis. At a population level, MDT remained stable over time. No practice effect was seen. Baseline disability and T2 lesion volume were the strongest predictors of longitudinal MDT performance. We identified two latent class trajectories of MDT. The slower latent class was typified by greater variability and a weak association with confirmed worsening of MDT and EDSS. When compared to trajectory analysis stratified by baseline MDT, latent class analysis (LCA) was able to identify those at greater risk of confirmed slowing, signifying the importance of latent processes in upper limb function in pwMS.

Conclusion

In this cohort of mild to moderate RRMS, MDT scores remained stable over time with no evidence of a practice effect at a population level. Trajectory analysis based on LCA identified a cohort with greater variability and risk of disability progression and domain specific worsening. Our findings demonstrate the importance of latent processes in determining upper limb function in pwMS.
Influence of prestroke glycemic status on outcomes by age in patients with acute ischemic stroke and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kim Joon‐Tae , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Beom Joon , Kang Jihoon , Lee Keon‐Joo , Park Jong‐Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyungbok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun‐Sik , Cho Yong‐Jin , Park Hong‐Kyun , Lee Byung‐Chul , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Dong‐Eog , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee‐Hyun , Kim Wook‐Joo , Shin Dong‐Ick , Yum Kyu Sun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Hwa , Kim Chulho , Park Man‐Seok , Ryu Wi‐Sun , Park Kwang‐Yeol , Lee Juneyoung , Saver Jeffrey L. , Bae Hee‐Joon
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to explore the association between admission HbA1c and the risk of 1‐year vascular outcomes stratified by age group in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

This study analyzed prospective multicenter data from patients with AIS and DM. Admission HbA1C were categorized as:≤6.0%, 6.1%–7.0%, 7.1%–8.0%, and >8.0%. Age was analyzed in categories:≤55 years, 56–65 years, 66–75 years, 76–85 years, and >85 years. The primary outcome was 1‐year composite of stroke, MI, and all‐cause mortality. The modifying effect of age on the relationships between HbA1c and 1‐year primary outcome was explored by Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

A total of 16,077 patients (age 69.0 ± 12.4 years; 59.4% males) were analyzed in this study. Among patients ≤55 years, the hazard ratio (HR) of the 1‐year primary outcomes increased with an HbA1C > 8.0% (adjusted HR 1.39[1.13–1.70]). For patients aged 56–65 and 66–75, the highest HRs were observed for an HbA1c of 7.1–8.0% (aHRs; 1.21 [1.01–1.46] and 1.22 [1.05–1.41], respectively). In the 85+ age group, the highest HR occurred for HbA1c ≤ 6.0% (aHR 1.47 [0.98–2.19]). The HbA1c 8.0% showed evident age‐dependent heterogeneity in the post hoc HR plots.

Conclusion

Our study revealed that in patients with AIS and diabetes under 55, higher admission hbA1c was associated with an increased risk of the 1‐year primary outcome, while in patients aged over 85, lower HbA1c value (≤6.0%) may be associated with an increased risk of vascular events. The results of our study suggest the age‐stratified, heterogeneous associations between admission HbA1c and 1‐year vascular outcomes in patients with AIS and diabetes.
Prediction of lacosamide concentrations to support dose optimization during pregnancy
Authors: Barry Jessica M. , Illamola Sílvia M. , Pennell Page B. , Sherwin Catherine M. , Meador Kimford J. , Birnbaum Angela K.
Published: December 2024

Objective

We aimed to quantify and predict lacosamide exposure during pregnancy by developing a pregnancy physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model, allowing the prediction of potential dose increases to support maintaining a patient's preconception lacosamide concentrations.

Methods

Models for nonpregnant adults and pregnant female patients were constructed using physiochemical and pharmacological parameters identified from literature review. Evaluation of plasma concentration data from human males was digitized from the literature. Concentration data in nonpregnant and pregnant human females were available from the Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study, a longitudinal observational study which followed 11 nonpregnant and 16 pregnant women receiving lacosamide. Evaluation was conducted qualitatively with visual overlay (>80% of observed concentrations within 90% confidence interval) and quantitatively with average fold error and absolute average fold error (0.8–1.25 ratio acceptance criteria). Simulations of intensively‐sampled dosing regimens at steady‐state dosing across multiple gestational ages were conducted in Simcyp to evaluate the potential changes in lacosamide pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. Additional simulations were performed to explore the effects of cytochrome polymorphisms and glomerular filtration rate variability.

Results

The model adequately described the evaluation data in nonpregnant adults and pregnant adults between 10 and 40 weeks of gestation. Estimates in patients at 40‐ weeks of gestation indicated that lacosamide clearance increased by 48.2% compared to nonpregnant patients. Maximum lacosamide concentration (Cmax) during a simulated dosing interval also fell by 30% from preconception to 40 weeks. A simulated dose increase of 50 mg once daily at 10 weeks of gestation supported maintenance of preconception concentration for a typical patient taking the most common dosing regimen of 200 mg, twice daily (BID), preconception.

Significance

Simulated changes in lacosamide concentration align with the limited data available in observational studies. Our simulations support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring and dose adjustments to maintain the efficacy of lacosamide pharmacotherapy.
Public Financial Management for Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges, Experiences, and Perspectives
Authors: Manes Rossi Francesca , Brusca Isabel , Cohen Sandra , Caperchione Eugenio , Thomasson Anna
Published: December 2024

The special issue critically explores how public sector financial management can support the achievement of sustainable development and how it can act in the service of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It aims to encourage further research in the field, while also drawing on findings from the eight papers included, which touch on important areas of research in the nexus between public financial management and the SDGs and specifically: (1) Reporting on SDGs: This is an area that deserves further attention, even moving beyond the theories already adopted to investigate the topic. (2) Embedding sustainability into operations: Sustainable development requires the adoption of methods and tools that can enhance sustainability‐related action at the public sector entity level. (3) SDGs and calculative practices: The use of calculative practices in SDGs reporting can help to take a meaningful step from a symbolic to a substantive approach to sustainability, but the unintended consequences of performativity in promoting sustainable development need to be further investigated. (4) Environmental reporting and SDGs: While environmental reporting is a dominant theme in sustainable development, further research on climate change and environmental disclosure in the public sector is required. In addition, the special issue draws attention to some further dimensions: the governance for SDGs achievement, the assurance of SDGs reporting, and the creation of citizen‐driven demand for reporting on SDGs achievement in a digital environment.
Hypoxia‐induced translation of collagen‐modifying enzymes PLOD2 and P4HA1 is dependent on RBM4 and eIF4E2 in human colon cancer HCT116 cells
Authors: Li Hung‐Hsuan , Hung Hsin‐Yuan , Yu Jau‐Song , Liao Yu‐Cheng , Lai Ming‐Chih
Published: December 2024

Hypoxia is a critical microenvironmental factor that induces tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including metastasis. The highly dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in metastasis. Collagens are the predominant component of structural proteins embedded within the ECM. The biosynthesis of collagen typically undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications, such as hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues by procollagen‐lysine, 2‐oxoglutarate 5‐dioxygenases (PLODs) and prolyl 4‐hydroxylases (P4Hs), respectively. Collagen hydroxylation is critical for ECM remodeling and maintenance. We recently investigated hypoxia‐induced translation in human colon cancer HCT116 cells and identified several collagen‐modifying enzymes, including procollagen‐lysine, 2‐oxoglutarate 5‐dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1). Although the translation of bulk mRNAs is repressed in hypoxia, specific mRNAs remain efficiently translated under such conditions. We have found that PLOD2 and P4HA1 are significantly upregulated in hypoxic HCT116 cells compared to normoxic cells. HIF‐1 is known to induce the transcription of PLOD2 and P4HA1 during hypoxia. However, the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced translation of PLOD2 and P4HA1 remain largely unclear. We provide evidence that RBM4 and eIF4E2 are required for hypoxia‐induced translation of PLOD2 and P4HA1 mRNAs. The 3′ UTRs of PLOD2 and P4HA1 mRNAs are involved in translational control during hypoxia in HCT116 cells.
Impact of Virtual Reality on Perception of Dental Pain Associated With Dental Scaling in Healthy Adults: A Split Mouth Design Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Menon Suma N. , George Berdy Babu
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study

The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in mitigating pain associated with dental scaling procedures. Furthermore, the study aims to evaluate individuals' tolerance levels to VR during dental scaling sessions.

Materials and Methods

A randomised split‐mouth design study was conducted on 29 systemically healthy adult patients aged 18 years and above. Dental scaling was performed in two quadrants while wearing VR glasses, with the remaining quadrants undergoing the procedure without VR. The sequence of procedures was determined by random allocation. Patients were provided with VR glasses loaded with a mobile phone. After the procedure, patients were asked to complete a VR questionnaire. The primary outcome variables included pain scores with and without VR, while secondary variables included VR experience scores, baseline heart rate (HR), difference in HR, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, difference in systolic BP, and difference in diastolic BP.

Results

All 29 subjects successfully completed the study. Paired analysis of outcome variables with and without VR glasses revealed a statistically significant difference in pain scores (two‐tailed p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between VR experience score and difference in pain score (γ = 0.78, p < 0.001). While positive correlations between modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) score and pain scores were observed, they were not highly significant (without VR: γ = 0.31 p = 0.097, with VR: γ = 0.34 p = 0.072).

Conclusions

The VR environment significantly diminished pain perception during dental scaling. Participants who experienced the VR setting more positively reported an even greater decline in pain scores, highlighting the profound impact of immersive technology on patient comfort.
Tweet Sentiments: Understanding X (Twitter) Users' Perceptions of the Russia–Ukrainian Crisis on Consumer Behavior and the Economy
Authors: Das Subhankar , Mondal Subhra , Majerova Jana , Vartiak Lukas , Vrana Vasiliki G.
Published: December 2024

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has caused harm, leading to loss of life and homes being destroyed. These tragic consequences have impacted all levels of society and sparked economic outrage. When evaluating the aftermath of the conflict, it is crucial to recognize the role played by media platforms like Twitter in amplifying the effects on individuals and communities. The widespread influence of Twitter directly influences consumers and their behaviors. Researchers have employed sentiment analysis to study the messages shared on Twitter within market contexts and the global economy. This analysis is valuable for understanding people's viewpoints on subjects or incidents. In a study, researchers examined a dataset comprising 27,926 tweets gathered between 20 February 2022, and 19 February 2023. The study aimed to highlight how the invasion impacted sectors and regions regarding conditions alongside related sanctions. The conclusions drawn from this research hold implications for business sectors, markets, and their functioning. Furthermore, it offers insights into how the public perceives the ongoing war, which has academic and industrial ramifications of its own. The manuscript explores computational methods used to analyze sentiment on Twitter, uncovering the complex interplay between consumer actions and social media within the Russian–Ukraine conflict.
‘Silent Needs and Hidden Desires’: Nurses‘ Perceptions of Sexual Healthcare for People With Physical and/or Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Granero‐Molina José , Rodríguez Sastre Laura , Jiménez‐Lasserrotte María del Mar , Correa‐Casado Matías , Fernández‐Férez Alba , Fernández‐Medina Isabel María
Published: December 2024

Aim and Objectives

To describe nurses' perceptions of sexual healthcare for people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities.

Background

Nurses are responsible for meeting the fundamental needs of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities, yet there are still issues when it comes to their sexuality. Sexual assistants can help people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities to meet their sexual needs, but little is known about these invisible, unregulated care providers.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

The study was conducted in a region of southern Spain. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 22 nurses aged 23–41 years, who had provided care to people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities. The participants' experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews conducted between November 2022 and May 2023.

Findings

Three main themes were extracted from the data analysis: (1) the need to increase the visibility of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities sexuality, (2) sexual assistance: a conspiracy of silence and (3) defining the role of sexual assistants.

Conclusion

According to the nurses, sexual assistants are still unregulated care providers who carry out their work in anonymity. Sexual assistants support people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities in the whole spectrum of their sexuality; in addition to sexual pleasure, they provide opportunities for bonding, affection, physical contact, stimulation or caressing. Nurses are committed to normalising the role of sexual assistants and regulating their services within a sound legal framework. Health professionals need to include specific training on sexual assistance in their training programmes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Understanding how nurses perceive the sexual needs of people with physical and/or intellectual disabilities, as well as the role of sexual assistants, who could improve this group of people's quality of life by providing them care in different healthcare settings.

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Barriers in the Transition From School to Work: How Student Financial Adversity Predicts Deprioritizing Jobs With the Best Long‐Term Career Progression
Authors: Buzan Julia , Sheehy‐Skeffington Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Despite education's potential to reshape societal inequalities, recent gains in broadening university access across the socioeconomic spectrum have not translated into parallel gains in the transition from school to work. This work applies a socioecological approach to understanding this pattern, considering the role of job factors and individual financial background in shaping undergraduate student job choices and perceived career prospects. In two discrete choice experiments (n = 800) UK undergraduate students chose between pairs of job descriptions varying primarily along two dimensions: immediate versus delayed benefits (e.g., starting salary vs. salary progression), and concrete versus abstract benefits (e.g., salary vs. values fit). The findings suggest that career choice may be shaped by socioeconomic constraints above and beyond individual preferences for meaningful work, while the relationship between financial strain and career pessimism is mediated by inequalities in perceived control over life outcomes and personal connections to the job.
Zebrafish Dark‐Dependent Behavior Requires Phototransduction by the Pineal Gland
Authors: Wexler Yair , Huang Dengfeng , Medvetzky Adar , Armbruster Daniel , Driever Wolfgang , Yan Jun , Gothilf Yoav
Published: December 2024

Located dorsally underneath a thin translucent skull in many teleosts, the pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ known as a key element of the circadian clock system. Nevertheless, the presence of additional routes of photoreception presents a challenge in determining its specific roles in regulating photic‐related behavior. Here, we show the importance of the pineal gland in mediating a prolonged motor response of zebrafish larvae to sudden darkness, both as a photodetector and as a circadian pacemaker. This was evident by a reduced motor response of Bsx‐deficient larvae, lacking a pineal gland, to sudden darkness. Moreover, the typical daily rhythm of the intensity of this response was lost in the pineal‐less larvae. In contrast, motor response to a sudden increase in illumination was unaffected. Furthermore, we show that the pineal‐mediated behavioral response to darkness requires two elements: the photoreceptor cells and the projecting neurons. Dark response was impaired in larvae whose pineal photoreceptor cells were genetically ablated and in larvae whose pineal projecting neurons had undergone laser‐axotomy. This study thus establishes the pineal gland as a mediator of dark‐dependent behavior and reveals underlying cellular components involved in transducing information about darkness to the brain.
Treatment Adherence, Internalised Stigma and Recovery Among Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia in Eastern Turkey
Authors: Ayhan Cemile Hurrem , Aktas Mehmet Cihad , Aktas Sakine , Keskiner Mehmet Sinan
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Aim

This study aimed to assess the relationship between treatment adherence, internalised stigma, recovery and the mediating effect of internalised stigma on these relations in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Method

This study was conducted using a cross‐sectional design. A purposive sample of 107 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia receiving psychiatric outpatient care at outpatient clinics and community mental health services (CMHC) affiliated with SBU Van research and education hospital was recruited for this study. The data were collected by the following tools: sociodemographic data questionnaire, the internalised stigma in mental illnesses scale, the medication adherence rating scale and recovery assessment scale.

Results

The study participants reported low levels of treatment adherence, high levels of internalised stigma and moderate levels of recovery. Furthermore, we found a weak negative correlation between internalised stigma and treatment adherence. There was a moderate negative correlation between internalised stigma and recovery. Additionally, it was found that internalised stigma has fully mediating effect on the relation between treatment adherence and recovery.

Implications for Practice

The results of this study can guide mental health nurses in developing tailored interventions and support programmes to improve this population's treatment adherence, recovery and overall mental health outcomes.
DNA Ligase I Circularises Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid RNA in a Biomolecular Condensate
Authors: Wang Yunhan , Ma Junfei , Hao Jie , Liu Bin , Wang Ying
Published: December 2024

Viroids are single‐stranded circular noncoding RNAs that mainly infect crops. Upon infection, nuclear‐replicating viroids engage host DNA‐dependent RNA polymerase II for RNA‐templated transcription, which is facilitated by a host protein TFIIIA‐7ZF. The sense‐strand and minus‐strand RNA intermediates are differentially localised to the nucleolus and nucleoplasm regions, respectively. The factors and function underlying the differential localisation of viroid RNAs have not been fully elucidated. The sense‐strand RNA intermediates are cleaved into linear monomers by a yet‐to‐be‐identified RNase III‐type enzyme and ligated to form circular RNA progeny by DNA ligase I (LIG1). The subcellular compartment for the ligation reaction has not been characterised. Here, we show that LIG1 and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) colocalise near the nucleolar region in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. The colocalised region is also the highly condensed region of sense‐strand PSTVd RNA, indicating that PSTVd RNA and LIG1 form a biomolecular condensate for RNA processing. This finding expands the function of biomolecular condensates to the infection of subviral pathogens. In addition, this knowledge of viroid biogenesis will contribute to exploring thousands of viroid‐like RNAs that have been recently identified.
Patterns of Comorbidity, Disability, and Home Health Care Service for Older Adults With Physical Disability: A Latent Class Analysis and Visualized Illustration
Authors: Yi Zi'an , Li Jiawei , Liang Hong , Cai Lingying , Luo Jingjing , Liang Yan
Published: December 2024

Understanding the relationships between comorbidity, disability, and home health‐care services aids in user‐centered care design. This study identifies patterns of these factors among older adults with physical disability living at home and explores their associations. This cross‐sectional study included community‐dwelling older adults assessed for Long‐term Care Insurance from September 1 to December 31, 2018, in Yiwu, Zhejiang, China. We analyzed deidentified data on sociodemographics, physical disability, chronic conditions, and care plans for 1882 participants using latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Five comorbidity patterns (other sporadic diseases, cancer comorbidity, other sporadic comorbidities, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and fracture) and four home health‐care service patterns (assistance & facilitation of elimination, bedridden assistance & stoma care, bedside assistance & stoma care, and assistance & tube feeding) were identified. Four disability patterns emerged (bedridden without incontinence, bedridden & with upper limb mobility, off‐bed & ADLs limited, and bedridden with incontinence). Complex associations between these patterns were observed. The study highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of the above patterns, emphasizing the importance of person‐centered home health‐care services and technology‐supported care strategies.