bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An infatuation with building things: Business strategies, linkages, and small city economic development in Manitoba
Authors: Rice Murray D. , Kalafsky Ronald V.
Published: December 2019

The establishment of a solid understanding of regional economic development has proved to be highly elusive. Research efforts within this area have focused largely on major urban areas, yet this somewhat narrow focus means that economic development activities in smaller urban centers have not received the attention that they deserve. This article investigates regional economic development within a small city context through a survey‐based study of the entrepreneurial ecosystems operating in two small cities in the province of Manitoba. The results indicate that many currently accepted bases of regional business community expansion, such as government support and development of local suppliers, have limited utility within these cities. Concurrently, business leader survey responses from the two cities reveal a unique set of factors that drive economic development success in this nonmetropolitan case study, keyed by the pivotal role of a unique mix of nonlocal linkages, local cultural resources, and social connections in catalyzing local business expansion. These findings indicate that business community growth in the study cities proceeds from a distinctive template relative to larger centers, and suggest that increased research attention is necessary to elucidate the bases of business success in a more diverse selection of successful small cities.
Extensive disease among potential candidates for hemi‐ablative focal therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Takeda Toshikazu , Tin Amy L , Corradi Renato B , Alvim Ricardo , Hashimoto Takeshi , Ito Yujiro , Nguyen Daniel P , Mamoor Maha , Robertson Nicola L , Vargas Hebert A , Benfante Nicole E , Sjoberg Daniel D , Eastham James A , Scardino Peter T , Fine Samson W , Oya Mototsugu , Touijer Karim A
Published: December 2019

Objective

To examine a set of proposed eligibility factors for hemi‐ablative focal therapy in prostate cancer and to determine the likelihood of residual extensive disease.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 98 patients with unilateral prostate cancer on biopsy with detailed tumor maps from whole‐mount slides and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging data. These patients met the focal therapy consensus meeting inclusion criteria (prostate‐specific antigen <15 ng/mL, clinical stage T1c‐T2a and Gleason score 3 + 3 or 3 + 4 on needle biopsy), and underwent radical prostatectomy between 2000 and 2014. Extensive disease was defined as having Gleason pattern 4/5 in bilateral lobes, any extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion or lymph node invasion. Both lobes of the prostate were scored on magnetic resonance imaging. Preoperative characteristics including biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging data were used to predict extensive disease.

Results

Among our cohort of 98 patients, 40% (95% CI 30–50%) had extensive disease. A total of 33% (95% CI 24–43%) had Gleason pattern 4/5 in both lobes with a median Gleason pattern 4/5 tumor volume in the biopsy negative lobe of 0.06 cm3, 17 patients had pathological tumor stage ≥3 and one patient had lymph node invasion.

Conclusions

An important number of patients meeting the focal therapy consensus meeting inclusion criteria can present extensive disease. Further studies using targeted biopsies might provide more accurate information about the selection of focal therapy candidates.
2004 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without bronchiectasis in Aboriginal Australians: a comparative study
Authors: Heraganahally Subash S. , Wasgewatta Sanjiwika L. , McNamara Kelly , Mingi Joy J. , Mehra Sumit , Eisemberg Carla C. , Maguire Graeme
Published: December 2019

Background

Chronic respiratory disorders are highly prevalent in Aboriginal Australian population, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis. However, there is paucity of information in the literature among Aboriginal patients with underlying COPD with and without bronchiectasis.

Aims

In this retrospective study we evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics of adult Aboriginal Australian patients with a clinical diagnosis of COPD with and without bronchiectasis from the remote communities of the Northern Territory of Australia.

Methods

Clinical records were reviewed to extract information on demographics, respiratory and medical comorbid conditions, COPD directed treatment, hospital admission frequency and exacerbations. Chest radiology were reviewed to evaluate the presence or absence of bronchiectasis. Spirometry results, sputum culture and cardiac investigations were also recorded.

Results

Of the 767 patients assessed in the remote community respiratory outreach clinics 380 (49%) patients had a clinical diagnosis of COPD. Chest X‐ray and computed tomography scan were available to evaluate the presence of bronchiectasis in 258 patients. Of the 258/380 patients, 176/258 (68.2%) were diagnosed to have COPD alone and 82/258 (31.8%) had bronchiectasis along with COPD. The mean age was 56 and 59 years among patients with and without bronchiectasis, respectively, and 57% were males with bronchiectasis. Patients with bronchiectasis had lower body mass index (22 vs 24 kg/m2), frequent hospital admissions (2.0 vs 1.5/year) and productive cough (32.1% vs 28.9%). Spirometry showed 77% had forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7. In 81% and 75% of patients with and without bronchiectasis the FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio was <0.7 and the mean FEV1 was 39% and 43% respectively.

Conclusions

About 32% of Aboriginal Australians had co‐existent bronchiectasis with COPD. Lower body mass index, productive cough, frequent hospital admission and marginally more severe reduction in lung function were noted among patients with COPD and bronchiectasis compared to those with COPD in isolation.
Cairns Mental Health Co‐Responder Project: Essential elements and challenges to programme implementation
Authors: Robertson Jan , Fitts Michelle S. , Petrucci Joe , McKay Donni , Hubble Gary , Clough Alan R.
Published: December 2019

In Australia and internationally, co‐responder models are becoming an increasingly common intervention to respond to police callouts where there is an assumed mental health‐related component or crisis. This type of model involves a collaborative approach where trained police officers team with mental health clinicians to provide specialized responses in order to improve outcomes for persons with mental illness. However, there is limited understanding as to major elements required for implementation of the model. This study aims to identify the essential elements and challenges in implementation of the Mental Health Co‐Responder Project in Cairns, Australia, where the team consists of a mental health nurse with demonstrated competencies in crisis intervention and a specially trained police officer. In 2016, 39 participants completed semi‐structured interviews regarding knowledge and experience of the Cairns co‐responder model. The participants represented first responders and community‐based service providers who work with and support persons living with mental illness. Using a thematic analysis approach, key elements identified as essential to successful project implementation were as follows:

co‐responder team characteristics,

senior and project executive level support,

collaborative project governance, and

co‐location of the team within a mental health setting.

The main perceived challenges to project implementation included the following: initial concerns regarding client confidentiality, lack of an evaluation plan, and adequate project resourcing. Governance through a vigorous joint agency operation committee and adequate resourcing is imperative to the sustainability of this model.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and immunosurveillance – the impact of immunosuppression on frequency of cSCC
Authors: Plasmeijer E.I. , Sachse M.M. , Gebhardt C. , Geusau A. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N.
Published: December 2019

Solid organ transplant recipients (OTR) are at extreme risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) post‐transplantation due to the immunosuppressive medication needed to retain the transplanted organ. The early classical immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine and cyclosporine, have largely been replaced by modern immunosuppressants, namely mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus, as well as sirolimus and everolimus. Although still very high, the risk of cSCC in OTR seems to be decreasing which suggests that cSCC risk may be lower in OTR treated with these modern immunosuppressive drugs and that cSCC preventive measures may be effective. OTR should be closely monitored so that cSCC can be treated at an early stage. (Chemo)prevention of cSCC as well as changing immunosuppression to more favourable regimens will be important in future to reduce skin cancer incidence.
Intensity of infection with intracellular Eimeria spp. and pinworms is reduced in hybrid mice compared to parental subspecies
Authors: Balard Alice , Jarquín‐Díaz Víctor Hugo , Jost Jenny , Martincová Iva , Ďureje Ľudovít , Piálek Jaroslav , Macholán Miloš , Goüy de Bellocq Joëlle , Baird Stuart J. E. , Heitlinger Emanuel
Published: December 2019

Genetic diversity in animal immune systems is usually beneficial. In hybrid recombinants, this is less clear, as the immune system could also be impacted by genetic conflicts. In the European house mouse hybrid zone, the long‐standing impression that hybrid mice are more highly parasitized and less fit than parentals persists despite the findings of recent studies. Working across a novel transect, we assessed infections by intracellular protozoans, Eimeria spp., and infections by extracellular macroparasites, pinworms. For Eimeria, we found lower intensities in hybrid hosts than in parental mice but no evidence of lowered probability of infection or increased mortality in the centre of the hybrid zone. This means ecological factors are very unlikely to be responsible for the reduced load of infected hybrids. Focusing on parasite intensity (load in infected hosts), we also corroborated reduced pinworm loads reported for hybrid mice in previous studies. We conclude that intensity of diverse parasites, including the previously unstudied Eimeria, is reduced in hybrid mice compared to parental subspecies. We suggest caution in extrapolating this to differences in hybrid host fitness in the absence of, for example, evidence for a link between parasitemia and health.
Research Foundations of Greenbook Interventions to Address the Co‐Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Adult Domestic Violence
Authors: Holmes Megan R. , Bender Anna E. , Crampton David S. , Voith Laura A. , Prince Dana M.
Published: December 2019

Twenty years ago the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, which became known as the Greenbook because of its green cover. This article presents the social science research leading up to the Greenbook and the 20 years beyond the publication of this seminal document, including examination of the effect of co‐occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to domestic violence on child outcomes, the interventions for families to improve the safety of both child and adult victims, and future directions for research.
Advocacy Perspectives on the Greenbook: Interviews with Domestic Violence Advocates from Three Federally Funded Greenbook Sites
Authors: Carter Lucy Salcido
Published: December 2019

Between 2000 and 2005, six sites engaged in local implementation of recommendations made in Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice (the Greenbook), published by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 1999. This three‐part article reflects recorded conversations in June and July of 2019 and captures the perspectives of five domestic violence advocates who participated in local Greenbook implementation (in El Paso County, CO; San Francisco County, CA; or Santa Clara County, CA) and their thoughts on the Greenbook work then, since then, and going forward.
Estimation of distributed flow resistance in vegetated rivers using airborne topo‐bathymetric LiDAR and its application to risk management tasks for Asahi River flooding
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Maeno Shiro , Ogawa Shuhei , Mano Koji , Nigo Shinya
Published: December 2019

This report describes a method of extracting vegetation conditions and topo‐bathymetric data of rivers using airborne LiDAR with near‐infrared and green pulsed lasers. Parameters related to flow resistance attributable to vegetation in rivers were found using point cloud data of LiDAR with support from supervised classification. Comparison of data obtained from simulations and observations was used to assess the applicability of the proposed method for examination of lower Asahi River flooding that occurred in Japan in September 2011. Results demonstrated that the methodology used herein can estimate flow resistance parameterisation of vegetation distributed on a reach scale. This study also used numerical tests to elucidate effects of established vegetation for flood control at the lower Asahi River bifurcation point using a historically important fixed weir. Results of these numerical tests demonstrated that the method can elucidate effective means of managing vegetation removal around the bifurcation point.
Social Prescribing: Creating Pathways Towards Better Health and Wellness
Authors: Mulligan Kate , Bhatti Sara , Rayner Jennifer , Hsiung Sonia
Published: December 2019

See the response from Savage et al.
Reply to Social Prescribing: Creating Pathways Towards Better Health and Wellness
Authors: Savage Rachel D. , Stall Nathan M. , Rochon Paula A.
Published: December 2019

This is a response to the article by Mulligan et al.
A novel model for designing and performing parietal whorl hair transplantation
Authors: Fan Zhexiang , Gan Yuyang , Qu Qian , Wang Jin , Liu Yang , Liu Bingcheng , Chen Ruosi , Zhou Wei , Miao Yong , Hu Zhiqi
Published: December 2019

Background

Hair transplantation is the gold standard method for the treatment of alopecia. Recently, demand for the surgery has increased rapidly. However, high demands also require more professional training for the surgeons. With the maturing of hairline design skills, parietal whorl design has become the next challenge and no appropriate training models have yet been reported.

Aims

To present an innovative, simple, and appropriate training model for designing the scalp parietal whorl.

Methods

Outward divergent arc curves were drawn from the navel of an orange. Recipient sites were created with 23G needles or 1.0‐mm knives or 1.0‐mm blades according to the outward divergent arc curves, then hair shafts were transplanted using forceps.

Results

Different densities of hair shafts were transplanted. Transplantation of 10‐20 follicular units (FU)/cm2 was too sparse, 30 FU/cm2 achieved a good appearance, but 40‐50 FU/cm2 was better. Through practicing on the model, excellent results of parietal whorl transplantation on patients can be achieved.

Conclusions

This new model can perfectly suit the lines and direction of the parietal whorl and also present different density transplantation practicing. We provide a training method for new surgeons as well as a rehearsal opportunity for previously trained doctors.
Evaluation of food consumption in patients with acne vulgaris and its relationship with acne severity
Authors: Akpinar Kara Yesim , Ozdemir Deniz
Published: December 2019

Background

Acne vulgaris is one of the chronic skin diseases with bacterial and perifollicular inflammation in its etiology. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on hormones and food consumption, which are thought to affect this inflammation.

Aims

In this study, how effective various possible factors such as food consumption habits and anthropometric measurement are in the etiology and severity of acne was investigated in patients with acne.

Materials and Methods

A case‐control study was conducted including 53 acne vulgaris patients and 53 age‐, gender‐, and ethnicity‐matched controls. Each patient's acne score was calculated by a dermatologist ranging from 0‐44 points based on the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) calculation. Dietary intake of milk and dairy products along with carbohydrate, fat, protein ratios and body mass index and body fat percentage were calculated. Statistical evaluation was carried out by calculating 95% confidence interval and prevalence rates between acne vulgaris and food categories.

Results

Cheese consumption was higher in the acne vulgaris group than in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference.(P < .05) There was a statistically positive correlation between acne score and carbohydrate consumption (P < .01) and a statistically negative correlation between acne score and fat consumption. (P < .01).

Conclusion

In patients with acne vulgaris, it was observed that cheese consumption increased acne formation and carbohydrate consumption increased acne severity, while fat consumption did not increase acne severity.
Pre‐/postprocedure measures for laser/energy treatments: A survey
Authors: Gold Michael , Andriessen Anneke , Cohen Joel L. , Goldberg David J. , Grover Komel , Hu Shasa , Mandy Stephen H. , Vega Janelle M. K.
Published: December 2019

Background

Laser and energy‐based devices may be used for many cutaneous indications, including facial resurfacing, improving skin conditions, and reducing signs of photoaging. Currently, no consensus papers or guidelines exist concerning peri‐operative agents and specifically their use for laser skin resurfacing and their potential/possible role in prevention or treatment of side effects.

Aim

To explore current practice using laser and energy devices, a survey was developed to identify the trends in pre‐ and postprocedural treatment measures.

Methods

The survey was sent out digitally to 300 randomly selected US dermatologist and plastic surgeon physicians practicing medical esthetics using laser and other energy devices treatment for facial rejuvenation. The survey gathered information on demographics, types of devices used in the clinic and pre‐/postprocedural measures for facial laser, and other energy‐based devices treatment.

Results

The survey was active from June 15, to July 15, 2018, and fifty‐eight dermatologists and plastic surgeons completed the survey (19.3% response rate, 58/300). The results showed inconsistency in skin preparation strategies and postprocedure wound care. The majority of survey participants (55/58 [96%]) reported prophylactic oral antiviral use pre‐ and post‐treatment; however, there was inconsistency about when to start and when to stop the use. A similar inconsistency existed in the recommended period of post‐treatment sun protection before and after treatment.

Conclusion

The results of the survey confirmed the lack of consistency in the types and duration of pre‐ and postprocedural measures—emphasizing the need for evidence‐based recommendations to optimize outcomes, prevent infection, enhance comfort, and reduce downtime.
Modeling the Variance of Return Intervals Toward Volatility Prediction
Authors: Sun Yan , Lian Guanghua , Lu Zudi , Loveland Jennifer , Blackhurst Isaac
Published: December 2019

Interval‐valued time series has been attracting increasing interest. There have been fruitful results on mean models, but variance models largely remain unexploited. In this article, we propose a conditional heteroskedasticity model for the return interval process, which aims at capturing the underlying variance structure. Under the general framework of random sets, the model properties are investigated. Parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method, and the asymptotic properties are established. Empirical application to stocks and financial indices data sets suggests that our model overall outperforms the traditional generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity for both in‐sample estimation and out‐of‐sample prediction of the volatility.
Nationalists rejecting statehood: Three case studies from Wales, Catalonia, and Slovakia
Authors: Maxwell Alexander , Turner Molly
Published: December 2019

While many nationalism theorists define nationalism in terms of the desire for an independent state, empirical study shows that many nationalists make demands that not only fall short of statehood, but explicitly abjure claims to political independence. We document non‐state‐seeking nationalism with three case studies: Welsh national politics in the decades before the First World War, Catalan national politics related to the 2006 Status law, and Slovak national politics in response to Magyarization at the time of the 1867 Settlement. The phenomenon of non‐state‐seeking nationalism calls into question the utility of initial definitions in nationalism studies. Instead of imposing definitions by fiat, we argue that nationalism theorists should analyze the explicit or implicit definitions of historical actors.
The origins and effects of public servant confidence in whistleblowing protection regimes
Authors: Doberstein Carey , Charbonneau Étienne
Published: December 2019

We examine the various whistleblowing regimes in Canada which, across 13 provinces and territories and a single federal government, exhibits theoretically interesting variation on procedures, incentives and protections that are well positioned for comparative analysis. Drawing on a panel of Canadian public servants, we conducted a survey with both descriptive and experimental dimensions to identify and measure knowledge and confidence in the context of diverse whistleblowing regimes, and how that relates to perceptions of the legitimacy of unauthorized public disclosures. We find that confidence is high among public servants despite variation in the structure of whistleblowing regimes, is enhanced when respondents know the number of reported wrongdoings and their results, and that greater knowledge of whistleblowing protections delegitimizes unauthorized public disclosures (e.g., leaking to the media) of alleged wrongdoing.
Tension in democratic administration: Does managerial confidence in administrative capacity reduce citizen participation in organizational decision‐making?
Authors: Zhang Fengxiu , Stritch Justin M. , Welch Eric W.
Published: December 2019

The tension between bureaucratic and democratic values has characterized significant debates in the field of public administration. In this article, we ask, does public managers' confidence in their organizational administrative capacity affect citizen participation? Using managerial confidence in organizational response capacity (ORC) during crises as a vehicle to investigate the tension between democratic and administrative values, we examine whether an administration‐centric approach to management influences citizen participation. We posit that higher levels of managerial confidence in organizational administrative capacity can lessen the pressure from political stakeholders which, in turn, might allow managers the autonomy to isolate themselves from the general public. The empirical analysis uses a structural equation model (SEM) to examine survey data from senior managers in 500 US cities. We find that managerial confidence in ORC reduces citizen participation, but only indirectly through diminishing influence from other governmental actors or by allowing managers to win the trust of political principals.
Airway management and perioperative adverse events in children with mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dohrmann Thorsten , Muschol Nicole M. , Sehner Susanne , Punke Mark A. , Haas Sebastian A. , Roeher Katharina , Breyer Sandra , Koehn Anja F. , Ullrich Kurt , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin
Published: December 2019

Background

Children suffering from mucopolysaccharidoses (subtypes I, II, III, IV, VI, and VII) or mucolipidoses often require anesthesia, but are at high risk for perioperative adverse events. However, the impact of the disease subtype and the standard of care for airway management are still unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to assess independent risk factors for perioperative adverse events in individuals with mucopolysaccharidoses/mucolipidoses and to analyze the interaction with the primary airway technique implemented.

Methods

This retrospective study included individuals with mucopolysaccharidoses/mucolipidoses who underwent anesthesia at two high‐volume centers from 2002 to 2016. The data were analyzed in a multivariate hierarchical model, accounting for repeated anesthesia procedures within the same patient and for multiple events within a single anesthesia.

Results

Of 141 identified inpatients, 67 (63 mucopolysaccharidoses and 4 mucolipidoses) underwent 269 anesthesia procedures (study cases) for 353 surgical or diagnostic interventions. At least one perioperative adverse event occurred in 25.6% of the cases. The risk for perioperative adverse events was higher in mucopolysaccharidoses type I (OR 8.0 [1.5‐42.7]; P = .014) or type II (OR 8.8 [1.3‐58.6]; P = .025) than in type III. Fiberoptic intubation through a supraglottic airway was associated with the lowest risk for perioperative adverse events and lowest conversion rate. Direct laryngoscopy was associated with a significantly higher risk for airway management problems than indirect techniques (estimated event rates 47.8% vs 10.1%, OR 24.05 [5.20‐111.24]; P < .001). The risk for respiratory adverse events was significantly higher for supraglottic airway (22.6%; OR 31.53 [2.79‐355.88]; P = .001) and direct laryngoscopy (14.8%; OR 14.70 [1.32‐163.44]; P = .029) than for fiberoptic intubation through a supraglottic airway (2.1%).

Conclusions

The disease subtype and primary airway technique were the most important independent risk factors for perioperative adverse events. Our findings indicate that in MPS/ML children with predicted difficult airway indirect techniques should be favored for the first tracheal intubation attempt.
Assortative Mating and Earnings Inequality in France
Authors: Frémeaux Nicolas , Lefranc Arnaud
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes assortative mating and its contribution to inequality in France. We first provide descriptive evidence on the statistical association in several socio‐economic attributes of partners. Second, we assess the contribution of assortative mating to earnings inequality between couples. We provide a new method for assessing the contribution of assortative mating to inequality in couple’s potential earnings, that accounts for selection bias arising from labor force participation. Our results indicate a strong degree of assortative mating in France. The correlation in earnings is around 0.17 for annual earnings, around 0.35 for full‐time equivalent earnings and up to 0.49 when using multi‐year average earnings. Assortative mating tends to increase inequality among couples. For annual earnings, the effect accounts for 3 to 9 percent of measured inequality. The effect of assortative mating on household potential earnings is much larger and amounts to 10 to 20 percent for observed inequality.
Neotropical ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae): interpreting taxonomy, phylogeny and divergent morphologies
Authors: Murray Elizabeth A. , Heraty John M.
Published: December 2019

The Neotropical ‘Kapala Clade’ is a group of 13 described genera of ant parasitoids that includes some of the most morphologically bizarre members in the family Eucharitidae (Chalcidoidea). Across the Kapala Clade, various conspicuous morphological modifications – notably the long mesoscutellar spines – have led to the description of numerous genera. Monophyly of the clade has been supported in morphological and molecular analyses; however, relationships among genera within the clade are not easily resolved. Within this clade, there is one especially problematic taxon: Kapala Cameron is a common, diverse and easily recognizable genus, with species distributed across the Neotropical region north into the southern Nearctic, and one disjunct species found in the Afrotropical region. However, Kapala is defined by pleisiomorphic features – lacking the derived characters of the other Kapala Clade genera – with previous molecular evidence showing this genus to be paraphyletic. To evaluate relationships among Kapala Clade genera, we use a comprehensive sampling of 195 taxa and a molecular dataset of five gene regions. A morphological matrix of 52 characters was analysed both separately and combined with molecular data, which allowed rare genera to be incorporated into the phylogeny. Molecular results were at odds with the historic generic relationships, and the genus Kapala was rendered polyphyletic by two distinct clades of other kapaline genera. We find that there were bursts of morphological change clustered in the phylogeny; however, these are not correlated with higher rates of diversification. We discuss the timing of divergence events, analyse diversification patterns, and evaluate life‐history information within a phylogenetic context.
Gondwana breakup: Messages from the North Natal Valley
Authors: Moulin Maryline , Aslanian Daniel , Evain Mikael , Leprêtre Angélique , Schnurle Philippe , Verrier Fanny , Thompson Joseph , De Clarens Philippe , Leroy Sylvie , Dias Nuno ,   the PAMELA‐MOZ35 Team
Published: December 2019

The Natal Valley, offshore Mozambique, is a key area for understanding the evolution of East Gondwana. Within the scope of the integrated multidisciplinary PAMELA project, we present new wide‐angle seismic data and interpretations, which considerably alter Geoscience paradigms. These data reveal the presence of a 30‐km‐thick crust that we argue to be of continental nature. This falsifies all the most recent palaeo‐reconstructions of the Gondwana. This 30‐km‐thick continental crust 1,000 m below sea level implies a complex history with probable intrusions of mantle‐derived melts in the lower crust, connected to several occurrences of magmatism, which seems to evidence the crucial role of the lower continental crust in passive margin genesis.
Cost analysis of ganciclovir and foscarnet in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant with cytomegalovirus viremia
Authors: Chen Jason , Abella Ross Justine , Tegtmeier Bernard , Yang Dongyun , Ito James I. , Zaia John A. , Dickter Jana K , Nakamura Ryotaro , Mokhtari Sally , Kriengkauykiat Jane , Al Malki Monzr M. , Dadwal Sanjeet S
Published: December 2019

Background

Ganciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (FOS) are the most commonly used antivirals for preemptive treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). The current literature indicates similar efficacy between these agents. Thus, the primary consideration for choice of initial anti‐CMV treatment is the safety profile, time period after alloHCT, and concern of myelosuppression or renal dysfunction.

Methods

Herein, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 124 alloHCT recipients who received GCV or FOS between April 27, 2014, and December 31, 2015, during the first year post‐transplant. Healthcare resource use included drug, hospitalization, home health, dialysis, and growth factor costs.

Results

Total duration of therapy was longer in the GCV group (37 days vs 28 days, P = .21) but hospitalization days were similar (9 days) in both groups. The total treatment cost was significantly lower in the GCV group ($38 100 vs $59 400, P < .05).

Conclusion

Preemptive anti‐CMV therapy is associated with major healthcare resource costs, which were greater in patients who required FOS than those who were treated with GCV.
Time Domain Fatigue Life Analysis of Offshore Jacket Structure
Authors: Wu Yan Wei
Published: December 2019

Offshore wind system encountered wind, wave, current, soil, and other environmental loads. The support structure is randomly loaded for a long time, which is more likely to cause fatigue damage. In this paper, the NREL 5MW wind turbine and OC4 jacket support structure is selected to perform the time domain fatigue analysis. Commercial software Bladed and SACS are used to perform the required structural responses and fatigue strength calculations. The Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) and S-N curves for the stress calculations of tubular joints are adopted based on the recommendation of DNV GL guidelines. The magnitude of the stress variation range and the corresponding number of counts are obtained by using the rain-flow counting algorithm. Finally, the Palmgren-Miner’s rule is adopted to calculate the cumulative damage ratio and the fatigue life can then be estimated. Fatigue damage ratio and structural fatigue life of each joint during 20 years of operation period are evaluated.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Responses of the Organohalide-Respiring Bacterium Desulfoluna spongiiphila to Growth with 2,6-Dibromophenol as the Electron Acceptor
Authors: Liu Jie , Adrian Lorenz , Häggblom Max M.
Published: December 2019

Respiratory reductive dehalogenation is an important process in the overall cycling of both anthropogenic and natural organohalide compounds. Marine sponges produce a vast array of bioactive compounds as secondary metabolites, including diverse halogenated compounds that may enrich for dehalogenating bacteria.Desulfoluna spongiiphilastrain AA1 was originally enriched and isolated from the marine spongeAplysina aerophobaand can grow with both brominated compounds and sulfate as electron acceptors for respiration. An understanding of the overall gene expression and the protein production profile in response to organohalides is needed to identify the full complement of genes or enzymes involved in organohalide respiration. Elucidating the metabolic capacity of this sponge-associated bacterium lays the foundation for understanding how dehalogenating bacteria may control the fate of organohalide compounds in sponges and their role in a symbiotic organobromine cycle.
P2X1 Selective Antagonists Block HIV-1 Infection through Inhibition of Envelope Conformation-Dependent Fusion
Authors: Soare Alexandra Y. , Malik Hagerah S. , Durham Natasha D. , Freeman Tracey L. , Alvarez Raymond , Patel Foramben , Satija Namita , Upadhyay Chitra , Hioe Catarina E. , Chen Benjamin K. , Swartz Talia H.
Published: December 2019

While effective treatment can lower the severe morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection, patients infected with HIV-1 suffer from significantly higher rates of noncommunicable comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation. Emerging literature suggests a key role for P2X1 receptors in mediating this chronic inflammation, but the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection is reduced by P2X1 receptor antagonism. This inhibition is mediated by interference with HIV-1 Env and can impact a variety of viral clades. These observations highlight the importance of P2X1 antagonists as potential novel therapeutics that could serve to block a variety of different viral clades with additional benefits for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Use of a Glycan Library Reveals a New Model for Enteric Virus Oligosaccharide Binding and Virion Stabilization
Authors: Lu Hua , Lehrman Mark A. , Pfeiffer Julie K.
Published: December 2019

Enteric viruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, but how enteric viruses survive in the environment is unclear. Previously, we found that bacterial polysaccharides enhance poliovirus stability against heat or bleach inactivation, but the specific molecular requirements have been unknown. Here, we showed that certain short-chain oligosaccharides can bind to poliovirus but do not increase virion stability. Long-chain polysaccharides bind and may bridge adjacent sites on the viral surface, thus increasing capsid rigidity and stability. This work defines the unique interactions of poliovirus and glycans, which provides insight into virion environmental stability and transmission.
Use of the Stafford Interview for assessing perinatal bonding disorders
Authors: Nishikii Yumi , Suetsugu Yoshiko , Yamashita Hiroshi , Yoshida Keiko
Published: December 2019

Perinatal bonding disorders have been advocated by Brockington and he developed the semistructured Stafford Interview which contains a specific section to assess these disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a fully described clinical case by using the interview. A 29-year-old primiparous mother gave birth to a healthy girl, but visited our clinic because of depression at one month postnatally and received pharmacotherapy. Despite improvement of her depression, at around 7 months postnatally, she felt distressed by childcare. The Stafford Interview was conducted and it manifested evidences of anger and rejection to her infant: she screamed at her infant because of anger towards her infant, and had desire to escape from the baby care and then temporally transferred the care to her mother (grandmother of the baby). The evidence of maternal feelings by using the Stafford Interview is practically useful for treating mothers with bonding disorders.
Refractory recurrent ocular graft versus host disease
Authors: Greenan Emily , Vandenberghe Elisabeth , Murphy Conor C
Published: December 2019

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most frequent and long-term complications affecting patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is associated with significant morbidity and a marked reduction in quality of life. Although common, currently there are no widely accepted guidelines available for its management, and no suggested regime of treatment that is completely satisfactory. So far, prophylactic treatment strategies for ocular GVHD have yet to be developed and treatment is normally initiated based on symptoms often after permanent ocular tissue changes and surface damage has occurred. Here we describe a case of recurrent ocular GVHD and its associated complications that was highly refractory to treatment.
Prevalence and characteristics of macular atrophy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A study from a long-term observational dataset: the Fight Retinal Blindness! project
Authors: Daien Vincent , Nguyen Vuong , Essex Rohan W , Guymer Robin , Arnold Jennifer J , Munk Marion , Ceklic Lala , Gillies Mark C , Barthelmes Daniel
Published: December 2019

Background

To assess the prevalence and characteristics associated with macular atrophy (MA) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors.

Methods

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of nAMD eyes that commenced anti-VEGF between January 2006 and August 2016. MA (absent/extrafoveal/subfoveal) was graded by treating practitioners based on multimodal imaging from April 2016. The prevalence of MA over time and risk factors of MA were assessed.

Results

The prevalence of MA in a cohort of 1689 eyes was 9.9% (22/222) in eyes within 1 year of starting treatment, 41.5% (71/171) after 5 years and 48.4% (30/62) after 9 years of treatment. Risk factors for subfoveal MA included the proportion of visits at which the lesion was graded as inactive ((adjusted OR (AOR) 3.72 for the highest vs lowest the quartile of frequency of inactive gradings (95% CI 2.33 to 6.07)), age (AOR 1.05 per year (95% CI 1.02 to 1.07)), baseline visual acuity (AOR 3.9 for ≤35 letters vs ≥70 letters (95% CI 2.4 to 6.4)) and the number of injections received (AOR 1.20 every 10 injections (95% CI 1.08 to 1.33)). Similar associations were observed with extrafoveal MA.

Conclusions

The risk of MA appeared to drop in eyes that had not developed it within 5 years. Low choroidal neovascularisation activity was by far the strongest predictor. We could not determine whether the increased prevalence of MA with time was due to anti-VEGF treatment or the natural history of the condition.
Development of a Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool (SSET): modified Delphi study
Authors: Hernandez Jessica , Frallicciardi Alise , Nadir Nur-Ain , Gothard M David , Ahmed Rami A
Published: December 2019

Introduction

One critical aspect of successful simulation facilitation is development of written scenarios. However, there are no validated assessment tools dedicated to the evaluation of written simulation scenarios available. Our aim was to develop a tool to evaluate the quality of written simulation demonstrating content validity.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search did not yield a validated assessment tool dedicated for the evaluation of written simulation scenarios. A subsequent search yielded six templates published for written simulation scenario design. From these templates, critical scenario elements were identified to create an evaluation instrument with six components of scenario quality with corresponding anchors and rating scale. Subsequently, a national group of simulation experts were engaged via survey methodology to rate the content of the proposed instrument. Ultimately, a modified two-round Delphi approach was implemented to demonstrate consensus of the final assessment tool.

Results

38 responses were obtained in round 1, while 22 complete responses were obtained in round 2. Round 1 kappa values ranged from 0.44 to 1.0, indicating moderate to almost perfect rater agreement for inclusion of the six proposed components. Kappa values specifically regarding scale and anchors ranged from 0 to 0.49. After revisions, there was a significant level of agreement (p<0.05) of all items of the proposed assessment tool in the second-round survey except for item 10. Of note, all initial respondents indicated that they had never evaluated written scenarios with an assessment tool.

Conclusions

The Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool, developed using a national consensus of content experts, is an instrument demonstrating content validity that assesses the quality of written simulation scenarios. This tool provides a basis to guide structured feedback regarding the quality of written simulation scenarios.
Sex differences in health and mortality by income and income changes
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Pedersen Jacob Krabbe , Thinggaard Mikael , Christensen Kaare , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune
Published: December 2019

Background

The adverse association between income, health and survival is well documented, but little is known about how income trajectories influence health and survival for men and women. We aim to investigate sex differences in mortality and hospitalisations by income and income changes.

Methods

We performed a population-based, nationwide study including 1 063 787 Danes born 1935–1955 and residing in Denmark during 1980–2015. Income was calculated during two age intervals: 45–49 and 55–59 years. The average income was divided into quartiles for men and women separately, which formed the basis for the income trajectories. Individuals were followed up from age 60 until 2014/2015 for hospital admission and mortality, respectively.

Results

Men had higher mortality and were more hospitalised than women. Sex differences in mortality were most pronounced for people with stable low income (relative difference in hazard=1.93; 95% CI 1.89 to 1.98) and a downward income trajectory (1.91; 95% CI 1.85 to 1.98) with smaller sex differences for people with an upward trajectory (1.59; 95% CI 1.56 to 1.62) and stable high income (1.37; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.41). A similar pattern was found for family income. Regarding hospitalisations, similar results were found, though less pronounced. Investigation of mortality and hospitalisations by all possible trajectories demonstrated that income at ages 55–59 was an important predictor of mortality, with increasing mortality for decreasing income quartile.

Conclusion

Income trajectories as a proxy for change in social position have a larger influence on men’s than women’s health and mortality. Income in the late 50s is an important predictor of mortality, particularly for men.
Daily running exercise may induce incomplete energy intake compensation: a 7-day crossover trial
Authors: Hough John , Esh Chris , Mackie Paul , Stensel David J. , Zakrzewski-Fruer Julia K.
Published: December 2019

Understanding daily exercise effects on energy balance is important. This study examined the effects of 7 days of imposed exercise (EX) and no exercise (N-EX) on free-living energy intake (EI) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in 9 men. Free-living EI was higher in EX compared with N-EX. Total and vigorous PAEE were higher, with PAEE in sedentary activities lower, during EX compared with N-EX. Daily running (for 7 days) induced EI compensation of ∼60% exercise-induced EE.

Novelty Daily running for 7 days induced incomplete EI compensation accounting for ∼60% of the exercise-induced EE.
Analytic results for decays of color singlets to gg and $$q \bar{q}$$ final states at NNLO QCD with the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul
Published: December 2019

We present compact analytic formulas that describe the decay of colorless particles to both $$q \bar{q}$$qq¯ and gg final states through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD in the context of the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme. In addition to their relevance for the description of decays like $$V \rightarrow q \bar{q}'$$V→qq¯′, $$V= Z,W$$V=Z,W, $$H \rightarrow b \bar{b}$$H→bb¯ and $$H \rightarrow gg$$H→gg, these results provide an important building block for calculating NNLO QCD corrections to arbitrary processes at colliders within the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme.
Distinct Patterns of Functional Connectivity During the Comprehension of Natural, Narrative Speech
Authors: Zhu Yongjie , Liu Jia , Ristaniemi Tapani , Cong Fengyu
Published: December 2019

Recent continuous task studies, such as narrative speech comprehension, show that fluctuations in brain functional connectivity (FC) are altered and enhanced compared to the resting state. Here, we characterized the fluctuations in FC during comprehension of speech and time-reversed speech conditions. The correlations of Hilbert envelope of source-level EEG data were used to quantify FC between spatially separate brain regions. A symmetric multivariate leakage correction was applied to address the signal leakage issue before calculating FC. The dynamic FC was estimated based on a sliding time window. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on individually concatenated and temporally concatenated FC matrices to identify FC patterns. We observed that the mode of FC induced by speech comprehension can be characterized with a single principal component. The condition-specific FC demonstrated decreased correlations between frontal and parietal brain regions and increased correlations between frontal and temporal brain regions. The fluctuations of the condition-specific FC characterized by a shorter time demonstrated that dynamic FC also exhibited condition specificity over time. The FC is dynamically reorganized and FC dynamic pattern varies along a single mode of variation during speech comprehension. The proposed analysis framework seems valuable for studying the reorganization of brain networks during continuous task experiments.
Quasi-two-body decays Bc → ηc(1S,2S)D0∗+(2400) → ηc(1S,2S)D0π+ in the perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Cui Bo-Yan , Ma Ai-Jun , Fan Ying-Ying , Liu Fu-Hu
Published: December 2019

We extend our recent works on the resonant state [Formula: see text] in the quasi-two-body [Formula: see text] meson decays to the [Formula: see text] cases within the perturbative QCD approach. With the help of the two-meson distribution amplitudes, we calculate the [Formula: see text]-averaged branching fractions and direct [Formula: see text] violations of the quasi-two-body decays [Formula: see text] in this work. We also present the [Formula: see text] invariant mass dependence of the differential branching fraction for the considered decay modes. Our results could be tested by further experiments in the LHCb.