bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Method for Ship Detection and Traffic Monitoring in an Offshore Wind Farm Area
Authors: Liu Xintong , Hu Yutian , Ji Huiting , Zhang Mingyang , Yu Qing
Published: June 2023

Newly built offshore wind farms (OWFs) create a collision risk between ships and installations. The paper proposes a real-time traffic monitoring method based on machine vision and deep learning technology to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the traffic monitoring system in the vicinity of offshore wind farms. Specifically, the method employs real automatic identification system (AIS) data to train a machine vision model, which is then used to identify passing ships in OWF waters. Furthermore, the system utilizes stereo vision techniques to track and locate the positions of passing ships. The method was tested in offshore waters in China to validate its reliability. The results prove that the system sensitively detects the dynamic information of the passing ships, such as the distance between ships and OWFs, and ship speed and course. Overall, this study provides a novel approach to enhancing the safety of OWFs, which is increasingly important as the number of such installations continues to grow. By employing advanced machine vision and deep learning techniques, the proposed monitoring system offers an effective means of improving the accuracy and efficiency of ship monitoring in challenging offshore environments.
Designing a Ship Autopilot System for Operation in a Disturbed Environment Using the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Pham Duc-Anh , Han Seung-Hun
Published: June 2023

Efficient ship guidance, fuel savings, and reduced human control have long been a key focus in developing intelligent controllers. The integration of neural networks and fuzzy logic control offers numerous advantages, creating a robust and adaptive system capable of handling complex dynamics and uncertainties. This intelligent control system learns from its environment and adjusts behavior, making it effective in challenging situations. Additionally, it improves system efficiency, reduces energy consumption, and minimizes human intervention, enhancing safety and reducing errors. This study presents an intelligent control approach, titled “Designing a Ship Autopilot System for Operation in a Disturbed Environment using the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System”, combining a neural network and fuzzy logic control to steer ships. A 6DOF dynamic model is constructed, simulating ship operations with noise signals. The ANFIS controller comprises six layers, with a distinct composition rule expressing conclusions as linear equations of input variables. Layer 1 has two input signals, layer 2 represents fuzzy rules with six nodes, and layers 3, 4, and 5 contain nine nodes each. Layer 6 combines output signals from layer 5, following the first-order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic control model. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the superiority of the ANFIS controller over the PID controller, significantly improving stability and trajectory accuracy.
Multiscale Feature Fusion for Hyperspectral Marine Oil Spill Image Segmentation
Authors: Chen Guorong , Huang Jiaming , Wen Tingting , Du Chongling , Lin Yuting , Xiao Yanbing
Published: June 2023

Oil spills have always been a threat to the marine ecological environment; thus, it is important to identify and divide oil spill areas on the ocean surface into segments after an oil spill accident occurs to protect the marine ecological environment. However, oil spill area segmentation using ordinary optical images is greatly interfered with by the absorption of light by the deep sea and the distribution of algal organisms on the ocean surface, and it is difficult to improve segmentation accuracy. To address the above problems, a hyperspectral ocean oil spill image segmentation model with multiscale feature fusion (MFFHOSS-Net) is proposed. Specifically, the oil spill segmentation dataset was created using hyperspectral image data from NASA for the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, small-size images after the waveband filtering of the hyperspectral images were generated and the oil spill images were annotated. The model makes full use of having different layers with different characteristics by fusing feature maps of different scales. In addition, an attention mechanism was used to effectively fuse these features to improve the oil spill region segmentation accuracy. A case study, ablation experiments and model evaluation were also carried out in this work. Compared with other models, our proposed method achieved good results according to various evaluation metrics.
Effects of Quartz Precipitation on the Abundance and Preservation of Organic Matter Pores in Cambrian Marine Shale in South China
Authors: Wei Sile , Hu Mingyi , He Sheng , Shu Yanbo , Dong Tian , He Qing , Yang Wei , Cai Quansheng
Published: June 2023

To evaluate the effects of quartz precipitation on the abundance and preservation of organic matter pores in marine shale reservoirs, the type of authigenic quartz and the source of silica, as well as the corresponding relation of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation shale in South China were investigated. Quartz in the Shuijingtuo shale occurs as four different types: detrital quartz, replacement of biosiliceous debris, euhedral quartz filled in interparticle pores, and microquartz dispersed in a clay matrix. Euhedral quartz (1–5 μm) and matrix-dispersed microquartz (100–400 nm) are found to be the dominant forms of authigenic quartz. The euhedral quartz accumulates along the interparticle pores, and the porous organic matter fills the interior of the space. Microquartz is mainly wrapped in porous organic matter. Two silica sources were revealed: biogenic silica and clay-derived silica. Biogenic Si is most likely the major source for authigenic quartz in the organic-rich (total organic carbon (TOC) > 2.55 wt.%) samples, which accounts for 23–57 wt.% (average 35 wt.%) of the total Si. Based on petrographic observations, we posit that the precipitation of large-sized euhedral quartz in the interparticle pores most likely originated from biogenic silica in the early stage of diagenesis and that the silica for the clay matrix-dispersed microquartz is provided by biogenic silica and clay-derived silica. The observation of SEM images indicates that the precipitation of early diagenetic euhedral quartz in the interparticle pores enhances rock stiffness, and the buttressing effect can protect the organic matter pores from compaction during the late-stage burial diagenesis. In contrast, the precipitation of late diagenetic microquartz in the clay matrix can lead to a reduction in the capacity of the accommodation space to host retained petroleum, consequently leading to a reduction in the development of organic matter pores and the generation of shale gas.
Integration of Physiological, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Reveals Molecular Mechanism of Paraisaria dubia Response to Zn2+ Stress
Authors: Wang Yue , Tong Ling-Ling , Yuan Li , Liu Meng-Zhen , Du Yuan-Hang , Yang Lin-Hui , Ren Bo , Guo Dong-Sheng
Published: June 2023

Utilizing mycoremediation is an important direction for managing heavy metal pollution. Zn2+ pollution has gradually become apparent, but there are few reports about its pollution remediation. Here, the Zn2+ remediation potential of Paraisaria dubia, an anamorph of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps gracilis, was explored. There was 60% Zn2+ removed by Paraisaria dubia mycelia from a Zn2+-contaminated medium. To reveal the Zn2+ tolerance mechanism of Paraisaria dubia, transcriptomic and metabolomic were executed. Results showed that Zn2+ caused a series of stress responses, such as energy metabolism inhibition, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system disruption, autophagy obstruction, and DNA damage. Moreover, metabolomic analyses showed that the biosynthesis of some metabolites was affected against Zn2+ stress. In order to improve the tolerance to Zn2+ stress, the metabolic mechanism of metal ion transport, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, and microcycle conidiation were activated in P. dubia. Remarkably, the formation of microcycle conidiation may be triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. This study supplemented the gap of the Zn2+ resistance mechanism of Paraisaria dubia and provided a reference for the application of Paraisaria dubia in the bioremediation of heavy metals pollution.
Trichoderma longibrachiatum Inoculation Improves Drought Resistance and Growth of Pinus massoniana Seedlings through Regulating Physiological Responses and Soil Microbial Community
Authors: Yu Cun , Jiang Xian , Xu Hongyun , Ding Guijie
Published: June 2023

Drought stress poses a serious threat to Pinus massoniana seedling growth in southern China. Trichoderma species, as beneficial microorganisms, have been widely used in agriculture to enhance plant growth and drought tolerance, but the interaction mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the effect of drought-resistant Trichoderma longibrachiatum inoculation on P. massoniana growth under drought stress, the plant physiological indicators and rhizosphere microbiome diversity were measured to identify Trichoderma-activated mechanisms. Trichoderma longibrachiatum inoculation significantly promoted P. massoniana growth under drought treatment, and enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption compared with those of non-inoculated seedlings. Trichoderma longibrachiatum treatment alleviated the damage to cell membranes and needle tissue structure, and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, osmotic substance contents, and photosynthesis in P. massoniana in response to drought stress. Soil nutrient contents, activities of sucrase, phosphatase, and urease as well as the relative abundances of the dominant genera Burkholderia, Rhodanobacter, and Trichoderma were elevated in the rhizosphere soil of P. massoniana inoculated with T. longibrachiatum under drought stress. A network analysis showed that certain crucial dominant taxa driven by T. longibrachiatum inoculation, including Penicillium, Trichoderma, Simplicillium, Saitozyma, Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Sinomonas, and Mycobacterium, had more correlations with other microorganisms in the soil. Trichoderma longibrachiatum enhanced P. massoniana seedling growth under drought stress by regulating physiological responses and soil microbial community.
Canadian Healthcare Professionals’ Views and Attitudes toward Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Lapointe Julie , Côté Jean-Martin , Mbuya-Bienge Cynthia , Dorval Michel , Pashayan Nora , Chiquette Jocelyne , Eloy Laurence , Turgeon Annie , Lambert-Côté Laurence , Brooks Jennifer D. , Walker Meghan J. , Blackmore Kristina Maria , Joly Yann , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Chiarelli Anna Maria , Simard Jacques , Nabi Hermann
Published: June 2023

Given the controversy over the effectiveness of age-based breast cancer (BC) screening, offering risk-stratified screening to women may be a way to improve patient outcomes with detection of earlier-stage disease. While this approach seems promising, its integration requires the buy-in of many stakeholders. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed Canadian healthcare professionals about their views and attitudes toward a risk-stratified BC screening approach. An anonymous online questionnaire was disseminated through Canadian healthcare professional associations between November 2020 and May 2021. Information collected included attitudes toward BC screening recommendations based on individual risk, comfort and perceived readiness related to the possible implementation of this approach. Close to 90% of the 593 respondents agreed with increased frequency and earlier initiation of BC screening for women at high risk. However, only 9% agreed with the idea of not offering BC screening to women at very low risk. Respondents indicated that primary care physicians and nurse practitioners should play a leading role in the risk-stratified BC screening approach. This survey identifies health services and policy enhancements that would be needed to support future implementation of a risk-stratified BC screening approach in healthcare systems in Canada and other countries.
Creeping Fat in Crohn’s Disease—Surgical, Histological, and Radiological Approaches
Authors: Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Tsounis Efthymios P. , Mouzaki Athanasia , Triantos Christos
Published: June 2023

During the course of Crohn’s disease, the response of mesenteric adipose tissue to the production of inflammatory mediators and bacterial invasion through the intestinal mucosa results in the formation of creeping fat. Creeping fat describes the arresting finger-like projections that surround the inflamed bowel. In this review, the microscopic and macroscopic features of creeping fat and histological evidence for the importance of this tissue are discussed. Moreover, the most recent insights into the radiological assessment of creeping fat in patients with Crohn’s disease are reported. Advances in imaging techniques have revolutionized the possibility of visualization and quantification of adipose tissue depots with excellent accuracy. Visceral fat has been significantly correlated with various Crohn’s-disease-related outcomes. Despite the difficulties in distinguishing physiologic perienteric fat from creeping fat, the growing interest in fat-wrapping in Crohn’s disease has rejuvenated radiologic research. With regard to the noninvasive fat-wrapping assessment, a novel CT enterography-based mesenteric creeping fat index has been developed for the mitigation of the confounding effect of normal retroperitoneal and perienteric adipose tissue. Research on machine learning algorithms and computational radiomics in conjunction with mechanistic studies may be the key for the elucidation of the complex role of creeping fat in Crohn’s disease.
Integration of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Remote Sensing to Assess Threats to Preservation of the Oases: Case of Al Ain, UAE
Authors: Yagoub M. M. , AlSumaiti Tareefa , Tesfaldet Yacob T. , AlArfati Khaled , Alraeesi Maythaa , Alketbi Mariam Eid
Published: June 2023

Identifying threats to historical sites is important for formulating preventive measures to reduce their impacts. The oases in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), are one of the historical sites and were inscribed as cultural sites in 2011 by UNESCO World Heritage Committee. This study assessed the threats to oases based on the UNESCO-listed factors affecting the outstanding universal value of the World Heritage properties. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) coupled with remote sensing was used for data collection and analysis. Expert feedback showed that water, urban expansion, soil salinity, palm disease, and the legal framework were major threats. To determine whether urban expansion influences oases preservation, remote sensing images were used to investigate land use and land cover (LULC) around the oases. The LULC change between 1972 and 2022 showed that palm trees, grass, and built-up areas increased by 59%, 76%, and 91%, respectively. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) were used to assess stress in the oases. The results indicated that oases have not been impacted by urban expansion since 1972, reflecting the UAE’s commitment to the preservation of oases. The availability of cloud-based and open-access satellite images coupled with AHP is an effective tool for understanding threats. This research aligns with UN SDG 15—“Life on Land”. The concept of this study could be used to assess threats to historical sites. It is recommended that policies for the oases’ preservation be maintained and updated to cater to issues related to population and climate change. Gray water and smart irrigation systems could be assessed as alternatives to minimize water use. Hyperspectral remote sensing is recommended for future studies related to soil salinity and palm diseases.
A Comparative Study on the Identification Methods of Urban–Rural Integration Zones from the Perspective of Symbiosis Theory and Urban Expansion Theory
Authors: Wang Jiaxiang , Meng Fanqi , Dong Li , Yu Shiwei , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2023

Urban–rural integration zones are areas with the most prominent and complex contradictions in economic and social, humanistic and geographical, and urban–rural contexts. Properly identifying such zones is essential for promoting urban–rural integrated development and rural revitalization efforts. In this study, symbiosis theory and urban expansion theory are employed to analyze and identify the spatial characteristics of urban–rural integration zones in the main urban area of Dalian City. Two distinct methods, namely the G-statistic (G-S) method and the urban–urban–rural integration zone–rural gradient model (U-URIZ-R GM) method, are used to delimit these zones. Furthermore, the results of these methods are compared and analyzed to explore their respective practical applications. The results indicate that both methods produce satisfactory identification outcomes for delimiting urban–rural integration zones in the main urban area of Dalian. Specifically, the identified urban–rural integration zones are predominantly situated in the northwest and south regions, aligning with the coastline and major transportation routes. However, hilly terrain is a crucial factor that influences the delimitation of urban–rural integration zones, and it is worth considering whether forested areas located in the urban fringe should be included based on the development needs of different cities. Notably, within the core area of Dalian’s main city, an extensive expanse of mountainous woodland exists, leading to limitations in the applicability of certain indicators within the index system, such as surface temperature and vegetation cover, for determining urban–rural integration zones. Symbiosis and urban expansion theories play a vital role in guiding the identification of urban–rural integration zones. Although both methods can be used to demarcate these zones, the G-statistics method is probably more useful in cities with significant topographical features, while the urban–urban–rural integration zone–rural gradient model is more appropriate for cities with less impact from topography on urban expansion.
Multi-Scale Drivers of Land-Use Changes at Farm Level I: Conceptual Framework and Application in the Highly Flooded Zone of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Le Thuy Ngan , Bregt Arnold K. , van Halsema Gerardo E. , Hellegers Petra J. G. J. , Ngo Thi Thu Trang
Published: June 2023

There is an implementation gap between government plans and land-use changes at the local level in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. This stands in the way of the sustainable development of the delta, especially in the face of environmental degradation, climate change, and water-use conflicts. To narrow the gap between plans and practice, the government needs a better understanding of what drives land-use decisions at the farm level. Our research developed and applied a multi-scale framework to identify the principal drivers of land-use changes at the farm level in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta over the past 40 years. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 farmers in the highly flooded zone, then used transcript analysis to quantify the influence of the drivers mentioned by farmers. We found drastic shifts in land uses, predominantly towards rice intensification. Among the 43 change drivers the farmers mentioned, those operating at the regional scale were particularly influential, including the activities of local authorities, neighborhood effects, and the development of water management infrastructure. Market factors have become more prominent in the last two decades, motivating farmers to shift from double to triple rice or to gradually diversify into vegetables. However, agricultural diversification remains limited by the agro-hydrological context, which favors triple rice cropping, as well as household scale factors such as natural and physical assets of the farm, household capital, and labor capacity. The local community also played a key role in land-use change, though with a double-edged effect, both delaying implementation of central government policy and forcing farmers to follow the majority’s decision.
Promising High-Tech Devices in Dry Eye Disease Diagnosis
Authors: De Luca Andrea , Ferraro Alessandro , De Gregorio Chiara , Laborante Mariateresa , Coassin Marco , Sgrulletta Roberto , Di Zazzo Antonio
Published: June 2023

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the diagnosis and management of DED can be challenging, as the condition is multifactorial and symptoms can be nonspecific. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in diagnostic technology for DED, including the development of several new devices. Methods: A literature review of articles on the dry eye syndrome and innovative diagnostic devices was carried out to provide an overview of some of the current high-tech diagnostic tools for DED, specifically focusing on the TearLab Osmolarity System, DEvice Hygrometer, IDRA, Tearcheck, Keratograph 5M, Cornea Dome Lens Imaging System, I-PEN Osmolarity System, LipiView II interferometer, LacryDiag Ocular Surface Analyzer, Tearscope-Plus, and Cobra HD Camera. Conclusions: Despite the fact that consistent use of these tools in clinical settings could facilitate diagnosis, no diagnostic device can replace the TFOS algorithm.
Diagnosis and Molecular Pathology of Lymphoblastic Leukemias and Lymphomas in the Era of Genomics and Precision Medicine: Historical Evolution and Current Concepts—Part 1: Lymphoid Neoplasms
Authors: Kansal Rina
Published: June 2023

The diagnosis and treatment of lymphoid neoplasms have undergone a progressively positive change in the last three decades, with accelerated progress in the previous decade due to the advent of genomics in cancer diagnosis. Significantly, there has been an increasing emphasis on integrating molecular genetics with clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic evaluation for diagnosis. As we consider moving forward with further advances in the genomics era, it is first helpful to understand our current state of knowledge and how we achieved it in the challenging and complex field of lymphoid neoplasms, which comprise very heterogeneous neoplastic diseases in children and adults, including clinically acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) arising from precursor lymphoid cells and clinically indolent and aggressive lymphomas arising from mature lymphoid cells. This work aims to provide an overview of the historical evolution and the current state of knowledge to anyone interested in the field of lymphoid neoplasms, including students, physicians, and researchers. Therefore, I have discussed this complex topic in three review manuscripts, designated Parts 1–3. In Part 1, I explain the basis of the diagnostic classification of lymphoid neoplasms and its evolution up to the current fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms and the crucial importance of diagnostic tumor classifications in achieving and advancing patient care and precision medicine. In the second and third manuscripts, I discuss current diagnostic considerations for B-ALL and T-ALL (Part 2) and common indolent and aggressive mature leukemias/lymphomas (Part 3), including significant updates in the WHO 2022 classification, newly described entities and concepts, including genetic predisposition to ALLs and lymphomas, and throughout emphasizing the essential integration of molecular genetics with clinical, morphologic (pathologic), immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic evaluation, as is required for precise diagnosis of the type of lymphoma/leukemia in any patient.
N,N′-1,2-Phenylene-bis(3-tert-butylsalicylideneiminato)nickel (II)
Authors: Novozhilova Maria , Polozhentseva Julia , Baichurin Ruslan , Spiridonova Dar’ya , Karushev Mikhail
Published: June 2023

A nickel complex with a Schiff base Ni(3-tert-butyl-salophen) was synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H, 13C{1H}, 1H–13C HMQC, 1H–13C HMBC, 1H-1H dqf-COSY and 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy, and IR and UV-vis spectroscopy.
Formation of Twin Boundaries in Rapidly Solidified Metals through Deformation Twinning
Authors: Huang Binting , Yang Jishi , Luo Zhiheng , Wang Yang , Wang Nan
Published: June 2023

The rapid solidification process is relevant to many emerging metallurgical technologies. Compared with conventional solidification processes, high-density microstructure defects and residual thermal stress are commonly seen in rapidly solidified metals. Among the various defects, potentially beneficial twin boundaries have been observed in the rapidly solidified nanocrystalline microstructures of many alloy systems. In this work, a pathway for forming twin boundaries in rapid solidification processes is proposed. A detailed derivation of strain inhomogeneities upon thermal shrinkage and the deformation twinning phase field method is given. By calculating cooling-induced thermal strain inhomogeneity in nanocrystalline metals and growth thresholds for deformation twinning using the phase field method, it is shown that residual thermal strain hotspots in the microstructure can reach the threshold for deformation twinning when the shear elastic property of grain boundaries is significantly different from the bulk.
Fabrication and Luminescent Properties of Highly Transparent Er:Y2O3 Ceramics by Hot Pressing Sintering
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Chengrui , Qin Xianpeng , Gan Lin , Zhou Guohong , Jiang Juan , Zhang Tianjin , Chen Hetuo , Wang Zhengjuan , Wang Shiwei
Published: June 2023

Highly transparent Er:Y2O3 ceramics (1–9 at.% Er) were fabricated by hot pressing sintering with ZrO2 as the sintering additive. The microstructures, transmittance, luminescent properties, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of the Er:Y2O3 ceramic samples were investigated in detail. The samples all exhibited dense and fine grain microstructures; the average grain sizes were about 0.8 μm. The transmittance levels of the samples with various Er concentrations (2 mm thick) at the wavelengths of 600 and 2700 nm were ~74 and ~83%, respectively. As the Er doping concentration increased from 1 to 9 at.%, the up-conversion luminescence of the samples gradually changed from green to red, with the intensity ratio of red/green light increasing from 0.28 to 2.01. Meanwhile, the down-conversion luminescence properties of the specimens were also studied. When the samples were under 980 nm excitation, the emission bands were detected at 1552, 1573, 1639, and 1661 nm. The thermal conductivity of the samples was found to decrease from 8.72 to 5.81 W/(m·K) with an increase of the Er concentration from 1 to 9 at.%. Moreover, the microhardness and fracture toughness of the samples with 1 at.% Er concentration were ~8.51 GPa and ~1.03 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
Low Temperature Chemoresistive Oxygen Sensors Based on Titanium-Containing Ti2CTx and Ti3C2Tx MXenes
Authors: Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Nagornov Ilya A. , Mokrushin Artem S. , Kashevsky Sergey V. , Gorban Yulia M. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: June 2023

The chemoresistive properties of multilayer titanium-containing Ti2CTx and Ti3C2Tx MXenes, synthesized by etching the corresponding MAX phases with NaF solution in hydrochloric acid, and the composites based on them, obtained by partial oxidation directly in a sensor cell in an air flow at 150 °C, were studied. Significant differences were observed for the initial MXenes, both in microstructure and in the composition of surface functional groups, as well as in gas sensitivity. For single Ti2CTx and Ti3C2Tx MXenes, significant responses to oxygen and ammonia were observed. For their partial oxidation at a moderate temperature of 150 °C, a high humidity sensitivity (T, RH = 55%) is observed for Ti2CTx and a high and selective response to oxygen for Ti3C2Tx at 125 °C (RH = 0%). Overall, these titanium-containing MXenes and composites based on them are considered promising as receptor materials for low temperature oxygen sensors.
Photocatalytic Activity and Biocide Properties of Ag–TiO2 Composites on Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Chacon-Argaez Uriel , Cedeño-Caero Luis , Cadena-Nava Ruben D. , Ramirez-Acosta Kendra , Moyado Sergio Fuentes , Sánchez-López Perla , Alonso Núñez Gabriel
Published: June 2023

Composites of Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in situ on cotton fabrics using sonochemical and solvothermal methods achieving the successive formation of Ag-NPs and Ti-NPs directly on the fabric. The impregnated fabrics were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy; high-resolution microscopy (HREM); scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS); Raman, photoluminescence, UV-Vis, and DRS spectroscopies; and by tensile tension tests. Results showed the successful formation and impregnation of NPs on the cotton fabric, with negligible leaching of NPs after several washing cycles. The photocatalytic activity of supported NPs was assessed by the degradation of methyl blue dye (MB) under solar and UV irradiation revealing improved photocatalytic activity of the Ag–TiO2/cotton composites due to a synergy of both Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles. This behavior is attributed to a diminished electron–hole recombination effect in the Ag–TiO2/cotton samples. The biocide activity of these composites on the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram+) and Escherichia coli (Gram−) was confirmed, revealing interesting possibilities for the utilization of the functionalized cotton fabric as protective cloth for medical applications.
Finite Element Modelling of a Synthetic Paediatric Spine for Biomechanical Investigation
Authors: Muhayudin Nor Amalina , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Ijaz Muhammad Farzik , Daud Ruslizam
Published: June 2023

Studies on paediatric spines commonly use human adult or immature porcine spines as specimens, because it is difficult to obtain actual paediatric specimens. There are quite obvious differences, such as geometry, size, bone morphology, and orientation of facet joint for these specimens, compared to paediatric spine. Hence, development of synthetic models that can behave similarly to actual paediatric spines, particularly in term of range of motion (ROM), could provide a significant contribution for paediatric spine research. This study aims to develop a synthetic paediatric spine using finite element modelling and evaluate the reliability of the model by comparing it with the experimental data under certain load conditions. The ROM of the paediatric spine was measured using a validated FE model at ±0.5 Nm moment in order to determine the moment required by the synthetic spine to achieve the same ROM. The results showed that the synthetic spine required two moments, ±2 Nm for lateral-bending and axial rotation, and ±3 Nm for flexion-extension, to obtain the paediatric ROM. The synthetic spine was shown to be stiffer in flexion-extension but more flexible in lateral bending than the paediatric FE model, possibly as a result of the intervertebral disc’s simplified shape and the disc’s weak bonding with the vertebrae. Nevertheless, the synthetic paediatric spine has promising potential in the future as an alternative paediatric spine model for biomechanical investigation of paediatric cases.
Porous Material (Titanium Gas Diffusion Layer) in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer: Fabrication Methods & GeoDict: A Critical Review
Authors: Hussain Javid , Kim Dae-Kyeom , Park Sangmin , Khalid Muhammad-Waqas , Hussain Sayed-Sajid , Lee Bin , Song Myungsuk , Kim Taek-Soo
Published: June 2023

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a renewable energy source rapidly approaching commercial viability. The performance is significantly affected by the transfer of fluid, charges, and heat; gas diffusion layer (GDL) is primarily concerned with the consistent transfer of these components, which are heavily influenced by the material and design. High-efficiency GDL must have excellent thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, permeability, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical characteristics. The first step in creating a high-performance GDL is selecting the appropriate material. Therefore, titanium is a suitable substitute for steel or carbon due to its high strength-to-weight and superior corrosion resistance. The second crucial parameter is the fabrication method that governs all the properties. This review seeks to comprehend numerous fabrication methods such as tape casting, 3D printing, freeze casting, phase separation technique, and lithography, along with the porosity controller in each process such as partial sintering, input design, ice structure, pore agent, etching time, and mask width. Moreover, other GDL properties are being studied, including microstructure and morphology. In the future, GeoDict simulation is highly recommended for optimizing various GDL properties, as it is frequently used for other porous materials. The approach can save time and energy compared to intensive experimental work.
Study on the Performance and Solidification Mechanism of Multi-Source Solid-Waste-Based Soft Soil Solidification Materials
Authors: Qiu Keyi , Zeng Guodong , Shu Benan , Luo Dongmei
Published: June 2023

In this paper, ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, red mud, waste ceramic powder, and desulfurization gypsum were used as raw materials to develop a kind of multi-source solid-waste-based soft soil solidification material. Three ratios and the strength activity index were used to determine the fractions of different solid wastes. The mineralogical and microstructural characterization was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry (TG&DSC) tests. The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of the three types of soft soil increases with an increase in the content of the solidifying agent. The failure strain of the stabilized soil decreases from 1.0–1.3% to 0.75–1.0%, and the failure mode gradually changes from plastic failure to brittle failure. The optimum content of the solidifying agent was determined to be 17% (the lime saturation factor (KH), silica modulus (SM), and alumina modulus (IM) of the solidifying agent were set to 0.68, 1.74, and 1.70, respectively), and the unconfined compressive strength (28 d) of the solidified soil (sandy soil, silty clay, and organic clay) was 3.16 MPa, 2.05 MPa, 1.04 MPa, respectively. Both measurements can satisfy the technical requirements for a cement–soil mixing pile, suggesting the possibility of using various types of solid waste as a substitute for cement.
Integration of sEMG-Based Learning and Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for an Exoskeleton Assist-as-Needed Support System
Authors: Delgado Pablo , Gonzalez Nathan , Yihun Yimesker
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control approach for an Assist-as-Needed (AAN) strategy to achieve effective human–exoskeleton synergy. The proposed strategy employs an adaptive instance-based learning algorithm to estimate muscle effort, based on surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals. To determine and control the inverse dynamics of a highly nonlinear 4-degrees-of-freedom exoskeleton designed for upper-limb therapeutic exercises, a modified Recursive Newton-Euler Algorithm (RNEA) with Sliding Mode Control (SMC) was used. The exoskeleton position error and raw sEMG signal from the bicep’s brachii muscle were used as inputs for a fuzzy inference system to produce an output to adjust the sliding mode control law parameters. The proposed robust control law was simulated using MATLAB-Simulink, and the results showed that it could instantly adjust the necessary support, based on the combined motion of the human–exoskeleton system’s muscle engagement, while keeping the state trajectory errors and input torque bounded within ±5×10−2 rads and ±5 N.m, respectively.
Trajectory Tracking Control of Quadrotor Based on Fractional-Order S-Plane Model
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Chen Pengyun , Chang Zhe , Zhang Guobing , Guo Luji , Zhao Chenbo
Published: June 2023

Quadrotors possess traits such as under-actuation, nonlinearity, and strong coupling. Quaternions are primarily used for attitude calculations in drones, with error quaternions seldom being employed directly in the control of specific quadcopter drones. This paper focuses on the low tracking accuracy and weak anti-interference ability of quadcopter drones in trajectory-tracking control. By establishing the quadcopter quaternion model, a controller based on quaternion error is designed through a combination of fractional-order PID control with S-plane control. Trajectory-tracking experiments demonstrate that, in comparison with fractional-order PID, this method exhibits strong wind disturbance resistance and high tracking accuracy.
The Set Covering and Other Problems: An Empiric Complexity Analysis Using the Minimum Ellipsoidal Width
Authors: Derpich Ivan , Valencia Juan , Lopez Mario
Published: June 2023

This research aims to explain the intrinsic difficulty of Karp’s list of twenty-one problems through the use of empirical complexity measures based on the ellipsoidal width of the polyhedron generated by the constraints of the relaxed linear programming problem. The variables used as complexity measures are the number of nodes visited by the B&B and the CPU time spent solving the problems. The measurements used as explanatory variables correspond to the Dikin ellipse eigenvalues within the polyhedron. Other variables correspond to the constraint clearance with respect to the analytical center used as the center of the ellipse. The results of these variables in terms of the number of nodes and CPU time are particularly satisfactory. They show strong correlations, above 60%, in most cases.
On Calabi–Bernstein’s Problem for Uniqueness of Complete Spacelike Hypersurfaces in Weighted Generalized Robertson–Walker Spacetimes
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhu Zhangsheng
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study Calabi–Bernstein’s problem for the uniqueness of complete constant weighted mean curvature spacelike hypersurfaces Σn in weighted generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes −I×ρMfn. Under appropriate geometric assumptions, we confirm that Σn is a spacelike slice.
Syndetic Sensitivity and Mean Sensitivity for Linear Operators
Authors: Yao Quanquan , Zhu Peiyong
Published: June 2023

We study syndetic sensitivity and mean sensitivity for linear dynamical systems. For the syndetic sensitivity aspect, we obtain some properties of syndetic sensitivity for adjoint operators and left multiplication operators. We also show that there exists a linear dynamical system (X×Y,T×S) such that (X×Y,T×S) is cofinitely sensitive but (X,T) and (Y,S) are not syndetically sensitive. For the mean sensitivity aspect, we show that if (Y,S) is sensitive and not mean sensitive, where Y is a complex Banach space, the spectrum of T meets the unit circle. We also obtain some results regarding mean sensitive perturbations.
A Three-Stage Nonparametric Kernel-Based Time Series Model Based on Fuzzy Data
Authors: Hesamian Gholamreza , Johannssen Arne , Chukhrova Nataliya
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a nonlinear time series model is developed for the case when the underlying time series data are reported by LR fuzzy numbers. To this end, we present a three-stage nonparametric kernel-based estimation procedure for the center as well as the left and right spreads of the unknown nonlinear fuzzy smooth function. In each stage, the nonparametric Nadaraya–Watson estimator is used to evaluate the center and the spreads of the fuzzy smooth function. A hybrid algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown optimal bandwidths and autoregressive order simultaneously. Various goodness-of-fit measures are utilized for performance assessment of the fuzzy nonlinear kernel-based time series model and for comparative analysis. The practical applicability and superiority of the novel approach in comparison with further fuzzy time series models are demonstrated via a simulation study and some real-life applications.
NFT-Vehicle: A Blockchain-Based Tokenization Architecture to Register Transactions over a Vehicle’s Life Cycle
Authors: López-Pimentel Juan Carlos , Morales-Rosales Luis Alberto , Algredo-Badillo Ignacio , Del-Valle-Soto Carolina
Published: June 2023

The sale of second-hand vehicles is a popular trade worldwide, and vehicle fraud is currently a common issue, mainly because buyers can lack a complete view of the historical transactions related to their new acquisition. This work presents a distributed architecture for stakeholders to register transactions over a vehicle’s life cycle in a blockchain network. The architecture involves a non-fungible token (NFT) linked to a physical motorized vehicle after a tokenization process, which denote as the NFT-Vehicle. The NFT-Vehicle is a hierarchical smart contract designed using an object-oriented paradigm and a modified version of the ERC721 standard. Every stakeholder engages with the NFT-Vehicle through distinct methods embedded within a smart contract. These methods represent internal protocols meticulously formulated and validated based on a finite-state machine (FSM) model. We implemented our design as a proof of concept using a platform based on Ethereum and a smart contract in the Solidity programming language. We carried out two types of proof: (a) validations, following the FSM model to ensure that the smart contract remained in a consistent state, and (b) proofs, to achieve certainty regarding the amount of ETH that could be spent in the life cycle of a vehicle. The results of the tests showed that the total transaction cost for each car throughout its life cycle did not represent an excessive cost considering the advantages that the system could offer to prevent fraud.
Grid-Map-Based Path Planning and Task Assignment for Multi-Type AGVs in a Distribution Warehouse
Authors: Jiang Zhuoling , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Pei
Published: June 2023

In an intelligent distribution warehouse, latent AGVs are used for horizontal handling, and forklift AGVs are used for horizontal or vertical handling. Studying the path planning and task assignment problem when the two types of AGVs are mixed can help improve the warehouse operation efficiency and reduce the warehouse operation cost. This paper proposes a two-stage optimization method to solve this problem. In the first stage, the warehouse plan layout is transformed into a raster map, and the shortest path between any two points of the warehouse without conflict with fixed obstacles is planned and stored using the A* algorithm combined with circular rules, and the planned shortest path is called directly in the subsequent stages. In the second stage, to minimize the task completion time and AGV energy consumption, a genetic algorithm combining penalty functions is used to assign horizontal handling tasks to submerged AGVs or forklift AGVs and vertical handling tasks to forklift AGVs. The experimental results show that the method can meet the 24 h operation requirements of an intelligent distribution warehouse and realize the path planning and task assignment of forklift AGVs and latent AGVs. And furthermore, the number of AGVs arranged in the warehouse can be further reduced.
A Communication-Efficient Federated Text Classification Method Based on Parameter Pruning
Authors: Huo Zheng , Fan Yilin , Huang Yaxin
Published: June 2023

Text classification is an important application of machine learning. This paper proposes a communication-efficient federated text classification method based on parameter pruning. In the federated learning architecture, the data distribution of different participants is not independent and identically distributed; a federated word embedding model FedW2V is proposed. Then the TextCNN model is extended to the federated architecture. To reduce the communication cost of the federated TextCNN model, a parameter pruning algorithm called FedInitPrune is proposed, which reduces the amount of communication data both in the uplink and downlink during the parameter transmission phase. The algorithms are tested on real-world datasets. The experimental results show that when the text classification model accuracy reduces by less than 2%, the amount of federated learning communication parameters can be reduced by 74.26%.
Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Lutein-Enriched Extract of Tetraselmis Species
Authors: Kim Eun-A , Kang Nalae , Heo Seong-Young , Oh Jae-Young , Lee Seung-Hong , Cha Seon-Heui , Kim Won-Keun , Heo Soo-Jin
Published: June 2023

Microalgae are proposed to have powerful applications for human health in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Tetraselmis species (sp.), which are green microalgae, were identified as a source of broad-spectrum health-promoting biological activities. However, the bioactivity of these species has not been elucidated. We aimed to confirm the antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of Tetraselmis sp. extract (TEE). TEE showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities and reduced plaque formation in Vero E6 cells infected with vaccinia virus. TEE treatment also significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and improved cell viability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. These anti-inflammatory effects were further analyzed in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and the zebrafish model. Further, TEE reduced induced NO synthase expression and proinflammatory cytokine release, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, through MAPKs and NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Further analysis revealed that TEE increased the survival rate and reduced cell death and NO production in an LPS-stimulated zebrafish model. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a strong presence of the carotenoid lutein in TEE. Overall, the results suggest that lutein-enriched TEE may be a potent antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory agent that could be sustainably utilized in industrial applications.
Superfoods for Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review and Proposal for New International Recommendations
Authors: Pires Carla
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting an estimated 537 million individuals worldwide. ‘Superfoods’ can be integrated into the diet of T2DM patients due to their health benefits. Study Objectives: (i) To carry out a narrative review of ‘superfoods’ with the potential to reduce glycaemic levels in T2DM patients (2019 to 2022), (ii) to identify ‘superfoods’ with the potential to reduce HbA1c and (iii) to propose new guidance on the use of ‘superfoods’. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was carried out using the databases PubMed, SciELO, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The keywords were [“type 2 diabetes” and (“food” or “diet” or “nutrition”) and (“glycaemia” or “glycemia”)]. Only review studies were included. Results: Thirty reviews were selected. The ‘superfoods’ identified as having a potential impact on glycaemic control were foods with polyphenols (e.g., berries), fermented dairy products, whole cereals/grains, nuts and proteins, among others. The possibility of an extensive reduction in Hb1Ac was reported for fermented dairy products, especially yoghurts enriched with vitamin D or probiotics (HbA1c reduction of around 1%) or by increasing the fibre intake by 15 g (or up to 35 g) (HbA1c reduction of around 2%). Conclusion: It is recommended that the identified ‘superfoods’ are included in the diet of T2DM patients, although this should not substitute an appropriate diet and exercise plan. In particular, yoghurts and an increased fibre intake (by 15 g or up to 35 g) can be used as nutraceuticals. New recommendations on the introduction of ‘superfoods’ in the diet of T2DM patients have been proposed.