bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability assessments, identity and spatial scale challenges in disaster-risk reduction
Authors: Carr Edward R. , Abrahams Daniel , De la Poterie Arielle T. , Suarez Pablo , Koelle Bettina
Published: November 2015

Current approaches to vulnerability assessment for disaster-risk reduction (DRR) commonly apply generalised, a priori determinants of vulnerability to particular hazards in particular places. Although they may allow for policy-level legibility at high levels of spatial scale, these approaches suffer from attribution problems that become more acute as the level of analysis is localised and the population under investigation experiences greater vulnerability. In this article, we locate the source of this problem in a spatial scale mismatch between the essentialist framings of identity behind these generalised determinants of vulnerability and the intersectional, situational character of identity in the places where DRR interventions are designed and implemented. Using the Livelihoods as Intimate Government (LIG) approach to identify and understand different vulnerabilities to flooding in a community in southern Zambia, we empirically demonstrate how essentialist framings of identity produce this mismatch. Further, we illustrate a means of operationalising intersectional, situational framings of identity to achieve greater and more productive understandings of hazard vulnerability than available through the application of general determinants of vulnerability to specific places and cases.
Population demography and global sensitivity analysis of Avicennia marina on the eastern and western coasts of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elhag Mohamed , Hegazy Ahmad K. , Alatar Abdulrahman A. , Faisal Mohamed , El-Bana Magdi , Bahrawi Jarbou A. , Al-Ghamdi Amal A.M.
Published: November 2015

Mangrove ecosystems are one of the habitats that host high environmental diversity at the level of physical, geomorphological and biological features in arid regions. In Saudi Arabia, mangrove ecosystems are heavily threatened by both natural hazards and human pressure. The total estimated area of mangroves in Safwa Al Khurais, Saudi Arabia, is approximately 20 000 ha in extent and comprises two species: Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. They supply detritus to the marine food web and play a significant role in the conservation of biological diversity. The main objective of this study was to analyse the demographic population sensitivity of A. marina in two representative sites on the Red Sea and the eastern coast of Saudi Arabia. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess the contributions of the inputs to the total uncertainty in the analysis outcomes. Demographic features affecting mangroves in Saudi Arabia are complex and include various aspects. The phenological phase, tree size, density, cover, number of dead trees and pneumatophore characteristics were considered in this study. A comparative analysis of Gaussian process emulators for performing a global sensitivity analysis was used to conduct a variance-based sensitivity analysis to identify which uncertain inputs drive the output uncertainty. The results showed that the interconnections between different demographic features were predictable, but that the extent of the sensitivity was uncertain. Findings from the current study are anticipated to contribute significantly towards an inclusive mangrove demographic features assessment, and towards the subsequent conservation of mangroves in Saudi Arabia.Conservation implications: The findings of the current research are discussed in light of the application of sensitivity analyses outputs in the conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems at a national level
Exploring the current application of professional competencies in human resource management in the South African context
Authors: Schutte Nico , Barkhuizen Nicolene , Van der Sluis Lidewey
Published: November 2015

Orientation: Human research (HR) practitioners have an important role to play in the sustainability and competitiveness of organisations. Yet their strategic contribution and the value they add remain unrecognised.Research purpose: The main objective of this research was to explore the extent to which HR practitioners are currently allowed to display HR competencies in the workplace, and whether any significant differences exist between perceived HR competencies, based on the respondents’ demographic characteristics.Motivation for the study: Limited empirical research exists on the extent to which HR practitioners are allowed to display key competencies in the South African workplace.Research approach, design, and method: A quantitative research approach was followed. A Human Resource Management Professional Competence Questionnaire was administered to HR practitioners and managers (N = 481).Main findings: The results showed that HR competencies are poorly applied in selected South African workplaces. The competencies that were indicated as having the poorest application were talent management, HR metrics, HR business knowledge, and innovation. The white ethic group experienced a poorer application of all human research management (HRM) competencies compared to the black African ethnic group.Practical/managerial implications: The findings of the research highlighted the need for management to evaluate the current application of HR practices in the workplace and also the extent to which HR professionals are involved as strategic business partners.Contribution/value-add: This research highlights the need for the current application of HR competencies in South African workplaces to be improved.
The radicality of early Christian oikodome: A theology that edifies insiders and outsiders
Authors: Kok Jacobus
Published: November 2015

In this article a study is made of the concept �oikodome� and its derivatives in the New Testament and early Christianity. Hence, in this essay the focus is limited to the use of the term οἰκοδομέω/οἰκοδομὴ(ν) in the New Testament, and briefly turns to inspiring trajectories in early Christianity. A detailed focus on the term(s) reveals the complexity of the matter in the different Biblical contexts with its multi-layered dimensions of meaning. Subsequently, attention is turned to a study of 1 Thessalonians, followed up with a discussion of the trajectories of other-regard and radical self-giving love in the early Church as witnessed by insiders and outsiders in antiquity.
Abraham's reinterpretation and life's meaning
Authors: Le Roux Jurie H.
Published: November 2015

This article contributes to the theme of life�s fullness by emphasising the struggle for meaning during the Persian era as reflected in Genesis 15 and 17. The community�s �strategy� was to reflect on their identity in order to find their place in the Persian-ruled society and experience something of life�s meaning. Different answers were given and each must be understood separately. In order to survive, one group opted for a broader view of the community and God (Genesis 17), while others were of the opinion that a narrower view had to be followed (Genesis 15). The arguments of both groups are discussed in this article.
Guidelines for cytopathologic diagnosis of epithelioid and mixed type malignant mesothelioma. Complementary statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group, also endorsed by the International Academy of Cytology and the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology
Authors: Hjerpe Anders , Ascoli Valeria , Bedrossian Carlos , Boon Mathilde , Creaney Jenette , Davidson Ben , Dejmek Annika , Dobra Katalin , Fassina Ambrogio , Field Andrew , Firat Pinar , Kamei Toshiaki , Kobayashi Tadao , Michael Claire W. , Önder Sevgen , Segal Amanda , Vielh Philippe
Published: November 2015

To provide practical guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Cytopathologists involved in the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) and the International Academy of Cytology (IAC), who have an interest in the field contributed to this update. Reference material includes peer-reviewed publications and textbooks. This article is the result of discussions during and after the IMIG 2012 conference in Boston, followed by thorough discussions during the 2013 IAC meeting in Paris. Additional contributions have been obtained from cytopathologists and scientists, who could not attend these meetings, with final discussions and input during the IMIG 2014 conference in cape town. During the previous IMIG biennial meetings, thorough discussions have resulted in published guidelines for the pathologic diagnosis of MM. However, previous recommendations have stated that the diagnosis of MM should be based on histological material only.[12] Accumulating evidence now indicates that the cytological diagnosis of MM supported by ancillary techniques is as reliable as that based on histopathology, although the sensitivity with cytology may be somewhat lower.[345] Recognizing that noninvasive diagnostic modalities benefit both the patient and the health system, future recommendations should include cytology as an accepted method for the diagnosis of this malignancy.[67] The article describes the consensus of opinions of the authors on how cytology together with ancillary testing can be used to establish a reliable diagnosis of MM.
A Case Report of Delayed Diagnosed Chronic Aortocaval Fistula: A Rare Complication of Penetrating Trauma to the Abdomen
Authors: Beton Osman , Kaplanoğlu Hatice , Berkan Öcal , Yılmaz Mehmet Birhan
Published: November 2015

Chronic aortocaval fistula (ACP) is a rare complication of penetrating trauma to the abdomen. We report a case of traumatic ACP presenting with pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure symptoms 15 years after the initial penetrating injury. Although symptoms of pulmonary hypertension started 5 years ago, it was wrongly diagnosed and treated as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The presence of a continuous abdominal bruit and history of penetrating abdominal trauma gave rise to suspicion of a fistula, which was confirmed by computed tomography and angiography. Percutaneous closure of ACP was planned, but the patient died of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of chronic ACP can vary from being asymptomatic to symptoms related to pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and pulmonary embolism; thus, definitive diagnosis can be challenging.
Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Growth
Authors: Ioannou Christos
Published: November 2015

There is increasing incidence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy in developed countries. Dark skinned women who have migrated and live in higher latitudes are at greatest risk. Vitamin D supplementation is now recommended in several countries, yet its impact on fetal growth remains unclear. Observational studies suggest a possible correlation between maternal serum vitaminD and birth weight. However, differences in birth weight can be confounded by soft-tissue growth and placental function. The effect on vitamin D on bone mineral indices using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is difficult to ascertain in the neonatal period and therefore remains unclear. Prenatal ultrasound is a safe and practical modality for assessing skeletal growth, yet very few studies have investigated fetal growth in the context of vitamin D status: one study has demonstrated no correlation with femur length, whereas two studies have shown positive correlations with femur length and femur volume respectively. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on birth weight has been investigated in seven interventional studies. However, there is considerable methodological heterogeneity and high risk of bias among some of them. Meta-analysis of well conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not demonstrated a significant effect on birth weight. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on ultrasound markers of fetal growth has not been reported to date. In summary, there is weak evidence that maternal vitamin D status may have a positive association with measures of fetal skeletal growth. However, if such an association exists, it is not clear whether it is causal or spurious. Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation are needed, where fetal ultrasound and neonatal bone mineral indices will be reported as primary outcome measures.

How to cite this article

Ioannou C. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Growth. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):223-229.
Associations between the Grade of Placental Maturity at Third Trimester Ultrasound and Maternofetal Outcomes at the Maternity of the Yaoundé Central Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fouedjio Jeanne Hortence , Ymele Fouelifack Florent , Tsuala Fouogue Jovanny , Tetka Tetka Thierry
Published: November 2015

Background

Placental maturity assessed by ultrasound has been classified into 3 grades by Grannum. Grade 3 before the 36th week of pregnancy is associated with adverse maternofetal morbidity. We sought to determine the prevalence of grade 3 placenta between the 34th and the 36th week of pregnancy and to assess its impact on maternofetal outcomes in Cameroon.

Materials and methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2012 to July 2013 in the maternity unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital.

Results

One hundred and two women with singleton pregnancies between the 34th and 36th weeks were included. Grade 3 placenta accounted for 5.9% of our sample. Grade 3 was significantly associated with the following: anterior location of the placenta (RR = 5.36; 95% CI: 1.36–9.62; p = 0.03), pre-eclampsia (RR = 12; 95% CI: 3.52–20.8; p = 0,003), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (RR = 4.32; 95% CI: 1.65–11.51; p = 0.04) and intrauterine growth restriction (RR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.33–15.6; p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Grade 3 placental maturity before the 36th week of pregnancy is significantly associated with some maternal and fetal morbidities. Therefore, it warrants close monitoring to detect and avoid complications.

How to cite this article

Hortence FJ, Florent FY, Fouogue JT, Thierry TT. Associations between the Grade of Placental Maturity at Third Trimester Ultrasound and Maternofetal outcomes at the Maternity of the Yaoundé Central Hospital: A Prospective Cohort Study. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):230-233.
Evaluation of Parameters that Influence Morbidity in Peripartum Hysterectomy
Authors: Antsaklis Panos , Daskalakis George , Pergialiotis Vasilios , Rodolakis Alexandros , Vlachos George , Loutradis Dimitrios , Papantoniou Nikolaos
Published: November 2015

Objective

To evaluate which factors affect the intraoperative and postoperative morbidity in cases of peripartum hysterectomy.

Study design

A retrospective study of all cases of peripartum hysterectomy performed during a 5-year period (January 2008–June 2013) in a tertiary maternity hospital.

Results

A total of 22,437 deliveries were reviewed and 63 cases of peripartum hysterectomy (2.8/1000) were identified. The indications for peripartum hysterectomy included: uterine atony (10 cases—15.9%), placenta accreta (21 cases—33.3%), placenta previa (30 cases—47.6%) and cervical pregnancy (2 cases—3.2%). Significantly higher rates of perioperative blood transfusion were noted in the emergency cases group, compared to the elective hysterectomies. Hypogastric artery ligation did not have any significant impact on the outcome. Preoperative bilateral ureteral catheterization was associated with lower need for blood transfusion (p < 0.001), and with less complications, although this was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Maternal morbidity is significantly higher in emergency cases of peripartum hysterectomies compared to expected-planned cases.

How to cite this article

Daskalakis G, Antsaklis P, PergialiotisV, Rodolakis A, Vlachos G, Loutradis D, Papantoniou N. Evaluation of Parameters that Influence Morbidity Peripartum Hysterectomy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):234-238.
Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis
Authors: Antsaklis Panos , Antsaklis Aris , Theodora Mariana
Published: November 2015

In this article, we will review the history and the evolution of the technique of amniocentesis and the indications of the most common invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Moreover, the most common complications of amniocentesis will be presented. Finally, we will try to establish if the use of concurrent ultrasound had any effect on the prevalence on these complications.

How to cite this article

Theodora M, Antsaklis P, Antsaklis A. Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):307-313.
Bioimpedance Assessment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clinicopathological Correlation
Authors: Kulkarni Meena , Karmarkar Swarada
Published: November 2015

Aim

Molecular alterations at membrane, cytosol and nuclear level in cancer cells/tissue show variations in bioimpedance measure. In the present study, bioimpedance assessment and comparison was investigated between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal tissue. Study further involves clinicopathological correlation of bioimpedance values in OSCC.

Materials and methods

The present study is comprised of 50 OSCC cases and 50 healthy control subjects. Four electrical properties of OSCC were measured: Impedance (Z); Phase angle (è); Real part of impedance (R); and Imaginary part of impedance (X) at six frequencies: 20 Hz; 50 kHz; 1.3 MHz; 2.5 MHz; 3.7 MHz; and 5 MHz with the amplitude of the applied voltage limited to 200 mV.

Results

The bioimpedance of OSCC as well as control group decreased as the measurement frequency increased from 20 Hz to 5 MHz. The bioimpedance of OSCC was generally smaller than that of control group. The mean bioimpedance of OSCC was found to be 4493 ± 216.9 Ω and 370.0 ± 26.45 Ω and that of control group was 15490 ± 287.2 Ω and 817.1 ± 7.227 Ω at frequencies of 20 Hz and 50 MHz respectively which is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The values of phase angle, real and imaginary part of impedance of OSCC group were found to be significantly larger than that of control group (p < 0.0001) at 20 Hz and 50 MHz frequency. Impedance values of OSCC were seen to decrease from stages I to IV. Statistically significant differences in values of impedance were observed between stage I (4881 ± 262.5 Ω) and IV (4500 ± 181.6 Ω) (p = 0.0060) and also between stage I (4881 ± 262.5 Ω) and III (4376 ± 121.3 Ω) at frequency of 20 Hz (p-value 0.0005). Statistically significant differences in values of impedance were also observed between well differentiated (4557 ± 260.8) and poorly differentiated OSCC (4347 ± 76.12) (p = 0.0004) but only at 20 Hz frequency.

Conclusion

Bioimpedance at a particular frequency showed significant alteration in OSCC tissue as compared to control. Hence, it can be potentially promising detection technique for OSCC.

Clinical significance

It is a low-cost real time method, which requires little training, and hence can be easily used in primary care centers or in developing countries where multiple challenges limit national screening programs.

How to cite this article

Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Kulkarni M, Karmarkar S, Patil S, Augustine D. Bioimpedance Assessment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clinicopathological Correlation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):715-722.
Sealing Ability of Four Calcium Containing Cements used for Repairing Furcal Perforations in Primary Molars: An in vitro study
Authors: El-Khodary Heba M , Farsi Deema J , Farsi Najat M , Zidan Ahmed Z
Published: November 2015

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Portland cement (PC), BiodentineTM and Tech biosealer in repairing furcal perforations in primary molars using the fluid-filtration technique.

Materials and methods

Fifty freshly extracted maxillary second primary molars were sectioned horizontally at the furcation region to create dentin disks of 1.5 mm (+ 0.1 mm) thickness. Five disks were not perforated and served as negative controls. In the remaining 45 disks, furcation perforations were prepared. Five disks did not receive furcation repair and served as positive controls. The remaining 40 disks were then randomly divided into four equal groups (10 disks in each group). Perforations were repaired with: MTA, PC, BiodentineTM or Tech Biosealer. The sealing ability of the tested materials was evaluated by measuring microleakage for each disk after four different storage periods: 24-hour, 1-month, 6-month and 1-year storage using fluid-filtration. Comparisons between the four materials and the four time periods were done using the two-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe multiple comparisons test.

Results

There was no significant difference between the mean microleakage values obtained in the four tested materials after 24 hours, 1, 6 month and 1 year. However, microleakage values for each individual material were significantly higher at 24 hours than at the other time intervals.

Conclusion

Mineral trioxide aggregate, PC, BiodentineTM and Tech biosealer showed similar capabilities in sealing the furcal perforations of the primary molars, where the sealing ability improved over time for each individual material.

How to cite this article

El-Khodary HM, Farsi DJ, Farsi NM, Zidan AZ. Sealing Ability of Four Calcium Containing Cements used for Repairing Furcal Perforations in Primary Molars: An in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):733-739.
Orthodontic Extrusion as Treatment Option for Crown- Root Fracture: Literature Review with Systematic Criteria
Authors: Okamoto Roberta , de Faria Lorraine Perciliano , de Almeida Melyna Marques , Amaral Marina Fuzette , Mendonça Marcos Rogério
Published: November 2015

Objective

To review the literature searching for a consensus for the choice of orthodontic extrusion as treatment for crownroot fracture.

Materials and methods

An electronic search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus and a manual search of the Journal Dental Traumatology.

Results

Forty articles were found in PubMed and 38 in Scopus and after removal of duplicate sample 51 contained articles. Of these, 48 were excluded for not having orthodontic treatment, no follow-up or follow-up less than 6 months, or not report the presence of crown-root fracture. In manual search in Dental Traumatology 20 articles were found, but none of them met the prerequisites established. So, three articles formed the basis of the study.

Conclusion

The choice of how to treat orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fracture was effective and stable, without root and periodontal changes. Factors, such as root formation and presence of pulp vitality were decisive for determining the stages of treatment, however, there is no consensus based on scientific evidence about these protocols.

How to cite this article

de Faria LP, de Almeida MM, Amaral MF, Pellizzer EP, Okamoto R, Mendonça MR. Orthodontic Extrusion as Treatment Option for Crown-Root Fracture: Literature Review with Systematic Criteria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):758-762.
Quality of Life related to Eruption Hematoma in a Twenty Months Old Infant
Authors: Maia Lucianne Cople , Marques Andréa Laudares , de Alencar Nashalie Andrade , Antonio Andréa Gonçalves
Published: November 2015

Aim

This paper describes a case of an eruption hematoma in a 20-month-old boy and the impact of this hematoma on the quality of life (QoL) related to oral health of this infant and his family.

Background

Eruption hematoma is a soft benign cyst that contains blood and overlie a tooth that are about to erupt. Oral health conditions can affect the QoL and bring psychological impacts.

Case report

The proposed treatment was based on oral hygiene instruction, normal diet and massage on the lesion area. A weekly follow-up visits up to the spontaneous regression at the 6 weeks of the lesion was conducted. The impact on QoL was assessed though the Brazilian version of the early childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) questionnaire before and after 2 months of the hematoma regression.

Conclusion

The presence of eruption hematoma impacted, physically and emotionally, the QoL related to oral health of the child and his family, and this impact decreased when the eruption hematoma disappeared.

Clinical significance

It is important the knowledge of the dentists about eruption cyst/hematoma to make the correct decisions to improve the QoL of their patients and families.

How to cite this article

Marques AL, de Alencar NA, Maia LC, Antonio AG. Quality of Life related to Eruption Hematoma in a Twenty Months Old Infant. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9): 763-767.
Behaviors and Management of the Dental Problems by the Residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Sami , Al-Harbi Khalid Mohammad
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Dental problems are commonly encountered in our lives. Some of the common problems are toothache, bleeding gums and halitosis.

Objectives

How the dental problems were handled, and reasons of not seeking dental treatment by the patients.

Materials and methods

This was an observational analytical cross-sectional study on adult's age above 14 years from Madinah.

Results

A total of 400 adults were included; 208 (52%) were males and 192 (48%) were females. Resident encountered toothache surprisingly only 49% sought dental treatment, while (41%) settled for taking medications. Among bleeding gum patients most of them (45%) went to the dentist, while (41%) settled for using the home care. And dealing with halitosis only (17%) went to the dentist. The most common reasons for not seeking dental treatment were fear and long appointments. And mostly they had fear because of dental drill and dental needle.

Conclusion

The most common problems for seeking treatment were toothache followed by bleeding gums and the least was halitosis. Number of people who sought treatment was still a low number. The most common reason that stopped patients from going to the dentist was fear and long appointments. There should be increase of dental clinics and patients should be given dental education.

How to cite this article

Ahmad MS, Al-Harbi KM. Behaviors and Management of the Dental Problems by the Residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 783-787.
Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma involving the Mandible
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Aljabab Abdulsalam S , Motabi Ibraheem HM , Alrashed Abdullah
Published: November 2015

Lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare and typically present as intraosseous lesions that are most commonly diffuse large B-cell type. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma histologically characterized by diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B-lymphoid cells with a nuclear size equal to or exceeding normal histiocytic nuclei. A case of DLBCL of the mandible in an 18 years old male patient is presented. This report discusses this rare malignancy, including clinical presentation, histopathologic features, immunologic profile, treatment and prognosis. Though lymphoma of mandible is rare, it must be considered in differential diagnosis of swellings arising in the region.

How to cite this article

Alshahrani FAA, Aljabab AS, Motabi IHM, Alrashed A, Anil S. Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma involving the Mandible. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):840-844.
Desires, Expectations and the Sexual Practices of Married and Cohabiting Heterosexual Women
Authors: Van Hooff Jenny
Published: November 2015

This article draws on qualitative interviews in order to analyse the ways in which heterosexual women reconcile their everyday lived sexual practices, expectations and desires. Focusing on the accounts of twenty women in long-term relationships, analysis suggests that the sexual practices of the women interviewed continue to be largely conducted within a dominant heteronormative framework. This runs contrary to claims about the democratisation or queering of sexual relations ( Giddens 1992 ; Roseneil 2000 ). I argue that participants’ sexual desires and expectations are undermined by essentialist understandings of masculinity and femininity, with shifts in the outward forms of heterosexuality having a limited impact upon sexual practices which continue to be entrenched in heteronormative ideals.
National Identities and the 2014 Independence Referendum in Scotland
Authors: Bond Ross
Published: November 2015

This paper discusses the 2014 independence referendum in relation to national identities in Scotland. This is done firstly through reflecting on the referendum franchise and then by examining how people's subjective national identities aligned with key political attitudes relevant to the constitutional question. Using survey data, this analysis compares longer term trends with data from the period immediately preceding the referendum vote, and suggests that the campaign may have given rise to a much closer ‘alignment’ between national identities and political attitudes. The concluding discussion suggests that national identities in Scotland may be understood as a series of only partially overlapping and shifting constituencies, based on subjective national belonging, residence, political enfranchisement, political-constitutional attitudes, and people's understanding of and sense of affinity with a (British) social union, and that this concept of ‘social union’ would benefit from further sociological investigation.
Re-Thinking the Boundaries of the Focus Group: A Reflexive Analysis on the Use and Legitimacy of Group Methodologies in Qualitative Research
Authors: Caretta Martina Angela , Vacchelli Elena
Published: November 2015

This article aims at problematizing the boundaries of what counts as focus group and in so doing it identifies some continuity between focus group and workshop, especially when it comes to arts informed and activity laden focus groups. The workshop [1] is often marginalized as a legitimate method for qualitative data collection outside PAR (Participatory Action Research)-based methodologies. Using examples from our research projects in East Africa and in London we argue that there are areas of overlap between these two methods, yet we tend to use concepts and definitions associated with focus groups because of the lack of visibility of workshops in qualitative research methods academic literature.

The article argues that focus groups and workshops present a series of intertwined features resulting in a blending of the two which needs further exploration. In problematizing the boundaries of focus groups and recognizing the increasing usage of art-based and activity-based processes for the production of qualitative data during focus groups, we argue that focus groups and workshop are increasingly converging. We use a specifically feminist epistemology in order to critically unveil the myth around the non-hierarchical nature of consensus and group interaction during focus group discussions and other multi-vocal qualitative methods and contend that more methodological research should be carried out on the workshop as a legitimate qualitative data collection technique situated outside the cycle of action research.
Considerations of Equality in Heterosexual Single Mothers’ Intimacy Narratives
Authors: Morris Charlotte
Published: November 2015

This paper explores experiences and expectations of equality within the intimacy narratives of UK single mothers. A perceived lack of equality was often cited by participants as a contributing factor in relationship breakdown, contradicting notions of increasing democracy ( Giddens, 1992 ). For those who had grown up aspiring to egalitarian relationships, experiences of inequality engendered disappointment. Yet narratives simultaneously contained longings for the perceived certainty of traditional gendered roles associated with more stable, committed, enduring relationships - an ideal model of intimacy against which intimate lives were measured. Narratives were therefore marked by ambivalence as participants navigated their way through different understandings of intimacy, while managing challenging situations. While equality in intimate relationships was viewed as a possibility by some, participants often felt it was out of reach due to a lack of suitable potential partners. For others achieving stability in relationships was the main priority. This article therefore argues that commentators who two decades ago heralded a brave new world of equality in intimate lives ( Giddens, 1992 ) were overly optimistic; the narratives discussed here reveal a more contextualised, complex and uneven picture of contemporary intimacies.
Investigation of potential interferences in the detection of atmospheric ROx radicals by laser-induced fluorescence under dark conditions
Authors: Fuchs H. , Tan Z. , Hofzumahaus A. , Broch S. , Dorn H.-P. , Holland F. , Künstler C. , Gomm S. , Rohrer F. , Schrade S. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Direct detection of highly reactive, atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) is widely accomplished by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instruments. The technique is also suitable for the indirect measurement of HO2 and RO2 peroxy radicals by chemical conversion to OH. It requires sampling of ambient air into a low pressure cell, where OH fluorescence is detected after excitation by 308 nm laser radiation. Although the residence time of air inside the fluorescence cell is typically only on the order of milliseconds, there is potential that additional OH is internally produced, which would artificially increase the measured OH concentration. Here, we present experimental studies investigating potential interferences in the detection of OH and peroxy radicals for the LIF instruments of Forschungszentrum Jülich for nighttime conditions. For laboratory experiments, the inlet of the instrument was overflown by excess synthetic air containing one or more reactants. In order to distinguish between OH produced by reactions upstream of the inlet and artificial signals produced inside the instrument, a chemical titration for OH was applied. Additional experiments were performed in the simulation chamber SAPHIR where simultaneous measurements by an open-path differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) served as reference for OH to quantify potential artifacts in the LIF instrument. Experiments included the investigation of potential interferences related to the nitrate radical (NO3, N2O5), related to the ozonolysis of alkenes (ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, α-pinene, limonene, isoprene), and the laser photolysis of acetone. Experiments studying the laser photolysis of acetone yield OH signals in the fluorescence cell, which are equivalent to 0.05 × 106 cm−3 OH for a mixing ratio of 5 ppbv acetone. Under most atmospheric conditions, this interference is negligible. No significant interferences were found for atmospheric concentrations of reactants during ozonolysis experiments. Only for α-pinene, limonene, and isoprene at reactant concentrations which are orders of magnitude higher than in the atmosphere artificial OH could be detected. The value of the interference depends on the turnover rate of the ozonolysis reaction. For example, an apparent OH concentration of approximately 1 × 106 cm−3 is observed, if 5.8 ppbv limonene reacts with 600 ppbv ozone. Experiments with the nitrate radical NO3 reveal a small interference signal in the OH, HO2 and RO2 detection. Dependencies on experimental parameters point to artificial OH formation by surface reactions at the chamber walls or in molecular clusters in the gas expansion. The signal scales with the presence of NO3 giving equivalent radical concentrations of 1.1 × 105 cm−3 OH, 1 × 107 cm−3 HO2, and 1.7 × 107 cm−3 RO2 per 10 pptv NO3.
Infrasound array criteria for automatic detection and front velocity estimation of snow avalanches: towards a real-time early-warning system
Authors: Marchetti E. , Ripepe M. , Ulivieri G. , Kogelnig A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Avalanche risk management is strongly related to the ability to identify and timely report the occurrence of snow avalanches. Infrasound has been applied to avalanche research and monitoring for the last 20 years but it never turned into an operational tool to identify clear signals related to avalanches. We present here a method based on the analysis of infrasound signals recorded by a small aperture array in Ischgl (Austria), which provides a significant improvement to overcome this limit. The method is based on array-derived wave parameters, such as back azimuth and apparent velocity. The method defines threshold criteria for automatic avalanche identification by considering avalanches as a moving source of infrasound. We validate the efficiency of the automatic infrasound detection with continuous observations with Doppler radar and we show how the velocity of a snow avalanche in any given path around the array can be efficiently derived. Our results indicate that a proper infrasound array analysis allows a robust, real-time, remote detection of snow avalanches that is able to provide the number and the time of occurrence of snow avalanches occurring all around the array, which represent key information for a proper validation of avalanche forecast models and risk management in a given area.
Deterministic approach for multiple-source tsunami hazard assessment for Sines, Portugal
Authors: Wronna M. , Omira R. , Baptista M. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we present a deterministic approach to tsunami hazard assessment for the city and harbour of Sines, Portugal, one of the test sites of project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe). Sines has one of the most important deep-water ports, which has oil-bearing, petrochemical, liquid-bulk, coal, and container terminals. The port and its industrial infrastructures face the ocean southwest towards the main seismogenic sources. This work considers two different seismic zones: the Southwest Iberian Margin and the Gloria Fault. Within these two regions, we selected a total of six scenarios to assess the tsunami impact at the test site. The tsunami simulations are computed using NSWING, a Non-linear Shallow Water model wIth Nested Grids. In this study, the static effect of tides is analysed for three different tidal stages: MLLW (mean lower low water), MSL (mean sea level), and MHHW (mean higher high water). For each scenario, the tsunami hazard is described by maximum values of wave height, flow depth, drawback, maximum inundation area and run-up. Synthetic waveforms are computed at virtual tide gauges at specific locations outside and inside the harbour. The final results describe the impact at the Sines test site considering the single scenarios at mean sea level, the aggregate scenario, and the influence of the tide on the aggregate scenario. The results confirm the composite source of Horseshoe and Marques de Pombal faults as the worst-case scenario, with wave heights of over 10 m, which reach the coast approximately 22 min after the rupture. It dominates the aggregate scenario by about 60 % of the impact area at the test site, considering maximum wave height and maximum flow depth. The HSMPF scenario inundates a total area of 3.5 km2.
The Verdesca landslide in the Agri Valley (Basilicata, southern Italy): a new geological and geomorphological framework
Authors: Gueguen E. , Bentivenga M. , Colaiacovo R. , Margiotta S. , Summa V. , Adurno I.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. A landslide, to the west of Montemurro (a small village in southern Italy), has recently caused damage to buildings and other infrastructure in an urbanized area; as a result the development of new economic activities has been prohibited. The landslide phenomenon started in the last century and has been studied since the 1990s using classical geotechnical methods; however the sliding body continues to move. This paper presents the results of a study carried out using field surveys, geognostic investigations and TDR (time domain reflectometry) measurements in order to reconstruct the stratigraphy of the sediments involved and to further understand the geological and geomorphological context of the slope. This study is part of a larger multidisciplinary project, the results of which will also be presented in this paper. The landslide (rotational slide in the upper sector, developing into a translational slide in the lower part) affects Quaternary continental clastic deposits resting on a bedrock formed by Tertiary siliciclastic sediments of the Gorgoglione Flysch. TDR measurements did not show any significant movement during the period monitored (January 2013–January 2014). Slip zone geometries were hypothesized using inclinometric measurements taken from previous studies, stratigraphic data and geomorphological interpretations of topographic scarps. Feedback from monitoring will confirm this hypothesis.
Identification of areas vulnerable to soil erosion risk in India using GIS methods
Authors: Biswas H. , Raizada A. , Mandal D. , Kumar S. , Srinivas S. , Mishra P. K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. This paper attempts to provide information for policymakers and soil conservation planners in the form of district-wise soil erosion risk (SER) maps prepared for the state of Telangana, India. The SER values for each district were computed by extracting the information on grid-wise soil erosion and soil loss tolerance limit values existing on the country-scale in a GIS environment. The objectives of the study were to (i) identify the areas of the state with a high erosion risk, and (ii) identify areas with an urgent need of conservation measures. The results reveal that around 69 % of the state has a negligible risk of soil erosion above the tolerance limits, and does not call for immediate soil conservation measures. The remaining area (2.17 M ha) requires conservation planning. Four districts, viz. Adilabad, Warangal, Khammam, and Karimnagar are the most risk-prone with more than one-quarter of their total geographical areas showing net positive SER values. In order to obtain a clearer picture and categorize the districts based on their extent of vulnerability, weighted erosion risk values were computed. Adilabad, Warangal, and Khammam were identified as the worst-affected districts in terms of soil erosion, and therefore are in need of immediate attention of natural resource conservation.
Multi-quadric collocation model of horizontal crustal movement
Authors: Chen G. , Zeng A. M. , Ming F. , Jing Y. F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. To establish the horizontal crustal movement velocity field of the Chinese mainland, a Hardy multi-quadric fitting model and collocation are usually used, but the kernel function, nodes, and smoothing factor are difficult to determine in the Hardy function interpolation, and in the collocation model the covariance function of the stochastic signal must be carefully constructed. In this paper, a new combined estimation method for establishing the velocity field, based on collocation and multi-quadric equation interpolation, is presented. The crustal movement estimation simultaneously takes into consideration an Euler vector as the crustal movement trend and the local distortions as the stochastic signals, and a kernel function of the multi-quadric fitting model substitutes for the covariance function of collocation. The velocities of a set of 1070 reference stations were obtained from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC), and the corresponding velocity field established using the new combined estimation method. A total of 85 reference stations were used as check points, and the precision in the north and east directions was 1.25 and 0.80 mm yr−1, respectively. The result obtained by the new method corresponds with the collocation method and multi-quadric interpolation without requiring the covariance equation for the signals.
O clima organizacional nas bibliotecas universitárias: um estudo das bibliotecas setoriais da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Andréa Maria da , Azevedo Alexander Willian , Pinho Fabio Assis
Published: November 2015

Objetivo. O presente estudo buscou analisar as percepções do clima organizacional dos colaboradores que atuam nas bibliotecas setoriais da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, em relação à liderança, comunicação, motivação e trabalho em equipe. Método. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizada uma pesquisa com aplicação de questionário, sendo respondidas por quarenta colaboradores, vislumbrando obter informações sobre o clima organizacional vivenciado nas bibliotecas setoriais. Resultados. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontaram para um clima organizacional predominantemente satisfatório nas bibliotecas analisadas, considerando que a atmosfera organizacional mostrou-se sadia, com líderes entrosados com suas equipes, abertos ao diálogo, com profissionais propícios a exercerem um trabalho com competência. Conclusões. Compreende-se que o estudo sobre clima organizacional em bibliotecas universitárias é de suma importência, tendo em vista as bibliotecas são organizações vivas, sociais e atuantes constituídas por recursos humanos, tecnológicos, materiais, financeiros, que juntos, necessitam desempenhar com excelência o clima organizacional.
Intravesical BCG Therapy as Cause of Miliary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Rosati Yuri , Fabiani Andrea , Taccari Tommaso , Ranaldi Renzo , Mammana Gabriele , Tubaldi Alberto
Published: November 2015

Immunotherapy with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is considered the most effective adjuvant to endoscopic resection of bladder urothelial carcinoma in the therapeutic management of non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) at intermediate and high risk of recurrence and progression (pTa - pT1 and high-grade carcinoma in situ, CIS). Despite its proven efficacy, this type of treatment can determine local and systemic side effects of moderate or severe gravity, with the histological diagnosis of epithelioid granulomas in different organs, even in the absence of microbiological positivity of BCG. The immunotherapy with BCG is usually well tolerated and the virulence of the attenuated BCG is very low in immuno-competent patients, although only 16% of patients are able to receive all the instillations of the maintenance period (3 years) of treatment provided by the protocols, precisely because of side effects. Minor side effects usually resolve within a few hours or days. They develop in 3-5% of patients and usually consist of local infectious complications. Manifestations of BCG dissemination, such as vascular and ocular complications, are much less common, while BCG-disseminated infections, with granulomatous pneumonia or hepatitis present, are quite rare, representing 0.5-2% of the complications recorded. We present the clinical case of granulomatous lung and possibly liver infection caused by BCG in a patient aged 56 years being treated for several weeks with intravesical BCG for NIMBC pT1 high grade associated with CIS.
Evolutionary Theory and Fernando Contreras Castro'sUnica Mirando al mar
Authors: Hoeg Jerry
Published: November 2015

This article uses ideas taken from evolutionary psychology, empirical science, and moral philosophy to argue that narrative is an adaptation that controls both intrasocial and socio-environmental relations in human society. Specifically, moral disgust is used in the novel and the critical discourse surrounding it to regulate social and socio-environmental relations in Costa Rica.