bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Semiquantitative Determination of Impurities in Alkali Halides
Authors: Beltrami M. , Massarani G. , Scalvini M.
Published: November 2005

The chemical microanalytical method for the determination of certain metal impurities in KBr here described, consists of the extraction of the impurities as organic complexes in chloroform, of complex destruction and chloride formation, of qualitative and semiquantitative determination by chromatographic separation and spot comparison with standard chromatograms. It is also possible to apply this method to various metal impurities diluted in the alkali halides and in matrices of different substances. Detection limits are 0.01 p.p.m. in 50-100 g of matter. The results obtained for Ni, Mn, Co, Al, Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu were satisfactory.
Thermoluminescence of Irradiated Polyethylene
Authors: Nakai Yohta , Matsuda Koji
Published: November 2005

Thermoluminescence glow curves of irradiated polyethylene have been obtained under several conditions to provide information to clarify the luminescent mechanism. A glow curve for polyethylene shows peaks at -175° -120° and -40°C. The -40°C peak is unstable and varies between -30°C to -50°C,depending on factors such as dose and type of polyethylene. A great decrease in the luminescent intensity following exposure to ultra-violet, infrared, or day light has been observed. The intensity of the glow curves decreases even though the samples are kept in the dark after irradiation at -196°C.
Dislocation Etch Pits and Phase Stability on Single Crystal Tungsten Disilicide
Authors: Vahldiek F. W. , Mersol S. A. , Lynch C. T.
Published: November 2005

Spiral and hexahedral etch pits brought out dislocation loops on single crystal WSi2 by etching with 8H2O: 4HNO3: 1HF or 3H2O: 1HNO3. The dislocation density was calculated to be 2×108 dislocations/cm2. Annealing at temperatures ranging from 1400° to 1800°C decreased the number of dislocation loops present. Annealing of specimens at 1600°C or above resulted in the formation of the second phase WSi0.7 as verified by x-ray and electron microprobe analyses. At 1800°C the etch pits started to disappear which apparently is associated with the formation of the second phase.
Vacuum U. V. Measurements of Helium-Neon Laser Discharge
Authors: Suzuki Norihito
Published: November 2005

600 Å band emission of helium molecule and imprisonment of resonance lines of neon influence helium-neon laser operations. Vacuum U. V. measrurements and time resolved spectroscopy were made, and the influence of the vacuum U. V. emission on laser operations were investigated. It is concluded that oscillation intensity of the 6328 Å laser is reduced by the emission of the helium molecule 600 Å band and the imprisonment of the cascade of neon suppress the laser operations.
On the Rotatory Motion of Dielectrics in Static Electric Field
Authors: Okano Koji
Published: November 2005

A theory is presented for the phenomenon of the rotatory motion of solid dielectric in static electric field which was discovered by Sumoto.
By considering that the rotation is caused by the interaction of the interfacial polarization between the rod and surrounding medium with the applied electric field, the analytical condition for the occurrence of rotation is given.
Based upon a simplifying assumption, equations are derived which connect the angular velocity of rotation and the current increment caused by the rotation with the intensity of applied electric field. They agree qualitatively with experiments.
High-Temperature Observation of Tungsten Cathode by Field Emission Microscope
Authors: Okuyama Fumio , Hibi Tadatosi
Published: November 2005

Emission patterns of tungsten single crystal were observed at high temperature by using Müller-type field emission microscope having an oil diffusion pump and a rotary pump. As a result, we could obtain two kinds of patterns, namely, “high-temperature pattern” which appeared after heat treatment at temperatures higher than 2200°K, and “low-temperature pattern” which appeared after heat treatment at temperatures lower than 2200°K. Introducing a small quantity of oxygen, it was confirmed that the high-temperature pattern was due to carbon-adsorbed surface. As for the low-temperature pattern which has six-fold symmetry, it was conjectured from a few considerations of the experimental results that it might be a pattern of tungsten carbide.
On the Equilibrium Domain Structure of BaTiO3
Authors: Fousek J. , Šafránková M.
Published: November 2005

Plate-like crystals of BaTio3, 20 to 140 µ thick, were treated thermally in order to create conditions for the establishment of an equilibruium 180° domain structure corresponding to minimum electrostatic and wall energy. It has been found that with slow cooling of the crystals from the paraelectric phase in a medium of sufficiently low electric conductivity ac-domain structure near equilibrium is obtained. It is a plate structure with the domain width of 1 to 4 µ. The volumes of “positive” and “negative” domains are equal. The plates are approximately parallel to the crystal-lographicala-axis. The results are qualitatively discussed from the point of view of the kinetics involved in the establishment of the equilibrium domain structure.
Electron Current Release Characteristics of a High Frequency Ion Source with Mesh Grid
Authors: Tsuchimoto Takashi
Published: November 2005

Electron current was observed from a high frequency ion source with mesh grid in a similar way to get ion beam current. The experimental results suggest that the main cause is the extraction of electrons by the convergence electrode from a plasma, which is formed by an ion beam in the extraction canal and in the convergence pipe.
Bending Creep of Ice Single Crystals
Authors: Higashi Akira , Koinuma Shoichi , Mae Shinji
Published: November 2005

Experiments of bending creep of ice single crystals were carried out in comparatively wide ranges of applied stress and temperature. Test specimens cut from large glacial single crystals were so prepared that the basal glide took place along the long axis of ice bar by the three point bending. The shape of creep curves obtained is characterized by a gradual increase in the slope followed by a constant slope. This shape is very similar to that of Ge, InSb etc., except that ice has no later decrease in the slope due to work hardening. Stress and temperature dependences of both the stationary creep rate \dotε

s
and the incubation time t

i
are expressed by

\dotε_s=K_1τ^mexp
(-Q/RT)
\intertextand
t_i^-1=K_2τ^mexp
(-Q/RT)

where m=1.58 and Q=15.8 Kcal/mole for both equations. Based on the similarity of creep curves and results of later experiments on plastic yielding, it is concluded that Johnston's theory of plastic deformation of crystals can be applied to the basal glide in ice single crystals.
Stress-Strain Curves and Slip Bands of KCl Whiskers
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko
Published: November 2005

Tensile tests were made, at room temperature, on KCl whiskers grown on outer surfaces of thin cellophane bags containing saturated aqueous solution. It was found that their stress-strain curves consist of four deformation stages. Slip bands were straight in the early stage of deformation, but rumpled surfaces were observed in the later stages under an optical microscope. Deformed specimen showed several Lüders bands where the slip was single. From etch pit study, it was deduced that most of dislocations generated during deformation slipped out from surfaces. In thicker specimens the hardening rate was larger and the strain value for the beginning of each stage was smaller as compared with those of thinner specimens. Cross-slip seems to play important role for development and increasing of slip bands, and also for work hardening and size effect.
Rotational Flow Phenomena of Powdered System
Authors: Yuasa Yasunobu
Published: November 2005

Granules in a rotating cylinder around the horizontal axis show various characteristic flow phenomena depending upon the size of the cylinder, amount of granule, rotation speed and other parameters.
In this study, the flow phenomena were investigated by means of photographic analysis as a function of rotation speed of a cylinder. The total cross-sectional area of granules and the various values relating to the surface profile at the steady state in each rotation speed were measured. In particular, the relationship between the rotation angle and the areas of granules was studied at a constant rotation speed.
Electrical Properties of Cadmium Selenide Evaporated Films
Authors: Shimizu Kazuo
Published: November 2005

Two kinds of electron traps in CdSe evaporated films have been revealed by electrical conductivity measurements. Shallow traps at about 0.13 eV below the conduction band are responsible for the high conductivity of the films deposited at the substrate temperature of 100°C or baked in vacuo after deposition, whereas deep traps at about 0.40 eV below the conduction band are related to the low conductivity of the films deposited at the substrate temperatures above 150°C. These traps are distributed over a wide range of energy.
Untersuchung der Flamme des Methan-Luft-Gemisches mittels Doppelsondenmethode
Authors: Terao Kunio
Published: November 2005

Considering the delay of ion sheath formation, two different double probe methods, namely the saw tooth pulse method and the static probe potential method were applied to investigate the ionization of a propagating flame of a methane-air mixture. The measured results are in good agreement with one another, as long as the frequency of the applied saw tooth pulse is not too high. The electron temperature and the ion masses calculated from the probe characteristic suggest that there are mostly H-ions at all three points of maximum electron temperature in the flame and the activation energy of combustion in 36 to 45 Kcal/mol. The delay of ion sheath formation which is approximately calculated from the mobility of ions agrees with the measured one very well.
Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Metal Fine Particles Prepared by Evaporation in Argon Gas
Authors: Tasaki Akira , Tomiyama Sakutaro , Iida Shuichi , Wada Nobuhiko , Uyeda Ryozi
Published: November 2005

Fine particles of Fe, Co and Ni were prepared by evaporation in the atmosphere of argon gas at low pressure. The diameters of the particles ranged from about 100 Å to 2000 Å. Magnetization of particles was measured by magnetic balance. For Fe and Co the saturation magnetization of the finest and the most coarse particles were about 20 per cent and 90 per cent of those of bulk metals, respectively. For Ni, it was more than 80 per cent and the particle size dependence was less than for Fe and Co. The remanent magnetization and the coercive force were largest for the particle diameter of 300 Å of Fe and Co. The effect of superparamagnetism for smaller particles was not observed. When deposited in magnetic field, long chains of particles appeared along the field direction. Such specimens showed hysteresis curves much more convex than that of randomly oriented ones and remanent magnetization twice as large.
A Study on Electrical Properties of P-Type ZnTe Showing Injection Electroluminescence
Authors: Hinotani Katsuhiro , Sugigami Masayuki
Published: November 2005

Currents considerably in excess of those predicted by Ohm's law can be drawn through p-type ZnTe showing injection electroluminescence when sufficiently large voltages are applied. These currents can be explained by Lampert theory of one carrier space-charge-limited currents in a semi-insulating layer involved. By a capacitance measurement with reverse bias voltage the semi-insulating layer is found to be usually 1 µm in thickness. Values of depths and densities for hole traps which can be determined from the analysis of the dependence of the space-charge-limited currents on applied voltage in this layer are 0.13∼0.17 eV and 1016∼1017 cm-3, respectively. Both electrical and optical properties are in accord with a band model having a metal (indium)-semi-insulator (indium+ZnTe)-semiconductor (ZnTe) structure.
Shifts in Output Frequency of the Cesium Vapor Magnetometer due to Temperature, Light Intensity and Orientation
Authors: Ando Shigeru
Published: November 2005

The present paper deals with three kinds of shifts in the output frequency of an AFC type magnetometer. The shift are considered to be produced by a change in the intensity distribution of Zeeman components of the magnetic resonance. These shifts are respectively estimated from observed intensity distributions. The dependence of the distribution on temperature and light intensity is also deduced from rate equations of Zeeman sub-levels.
Structure des Oxydes de Niobium: Transformation de Structure du Nb2O5-γ en Nb2O5-α et la Formation du NbO2
Authors: Terao Nobuzo
Published: November 2005

The formation of several intermediate oxides of niobium, produced in the course of transformation γ-Nb2O5→ α-Nb2O5 and the reaction Nb2O5+Nb→ NbO2, has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The structure transformation γ→α is accomplished by a passage through two intermediate stages, γ' and β. The γ' form is a new niobium oxide, interpreted to have a monoclinic lattice with parameters a=7.348Å, b=5.962Å, c=13.646Å and β=115°30'. The γ-form has been considered hitherto to be a pentoxide having 12Nb2O5-molecules in its elementary lattice. The helium method of density measurement showed, however, two possibilities for the composition of the γ-form. These are either a pentoxide which has 14Nb2O5-molecules in its elementary lattice or Nb28O69(NbO2.464). The form II, which we have observed in the transformation Nb2O5→ NbO2 and reported in our previous publication, is confirmed to be Nb12O29(NbO2.417).
Higher Order Calculation of the Lamb Dip in the Output of an Optical Maser
Authors: Uehara Kiyoji , Shimoda Koichi
Published: November 2005

A higher order calculation of the theory of an optical maser is carried out for the purpose of obtaining more accurate theoretical expressions of the Lamb dip. The amplitude of maser oscillation is calculated in the approximations up to the fifth order and the calculated power vs. frequency characteristics by the third and the fifth order approximations are compared. The Lamb dip becomes considerably shallower if the fifth order term is included. The fifth order calculation should therefore be employed for a more accurate determination of the linewidth parameters of the active atoms from observed shapes of the Lamb dip. It is shown, however, that the correction due to the fifth order calculation is small when the relative excitation is very close to the threshold. The fifth order calculation in the case when the “Doppler limit” does not apply is also discussed as well as in the case of the “Doppler limit”.
Plasma Linear Accelerator I
Authors: Ishizuka Hiroshi , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: November 2005

The acceleration of a plasma bunch in an evacuated waveguide by the pressure of a powerful microwave is investigated theoretically. It is indicated that the pressure exerted on the plasma is increased by equipping the accelerating waveguide with a microwave filter. A large portion of the electromagnetic energy fed into the waveguide can be transferred to the plasma. The problem of focusing is treated for simple configurations of plasma in rectangular waveguides by calculating the field pattern and applying the method of effective potential. Under proper conditions the accelerating wave acts to focus the plasma bunch. The dissipation of electromagnetic energy in this method of acceleration is discussed.
Nuclear Orientation in Ferromagnetic Dilute Alloys
Authors: Kamitsubo Hiromichi
Published: November 2005

Nuclear orientation in ferromagnetic dilute alloys was developed with a thermal eqilibrium method. A sample of small iron plate containing the dilute radioisotopes was cooled to 0.014°K indirectly by adiabatic demagnetization. Temperature of the sample was determined from anisotropy of gamma-rays of Co60. Details of design consideration and performance were discussed.
Interferometric Uses of Optical Fiber
Authors: Suzuki Takeomi
Published: November 2005

Coherence properties of the light from optical fibers are presented. These properties hitherto have been neglected in almost all cases in practice, and applications of optical fibers have been restricted only to incoherent optical systems. On the contrary their applications in interferometry are presented in this paper. As a particular case of two-beam interference, two fibers are employed for measurement of the degree of coherence of light and this principle is extended further to three and four fibers arrangements. On account of the flexibility of fibers, these provide very convenient methods for the observation of coherence. Other uses of optical fibers as coherent optical elements are briefly stated.
Electronmicroscopic Observations of the Effect of Electron Irradiation and Print-Out Effect on AgBr Crystal
Authors: Iijima Sumio , Hibi Tadatoshi
Published: November 2005

The effects of the electron irradiation on the two kinds of silver bromide micro crystals which were prepared from the photographic process plate and the SSS photographic film were studied. The print-out effect on the specimens from the SSS film were observed directly and by using replica with an electronmicroscope. It was found that whiskers grew from the side face of the grain with intense electron irradiation, while the (111) surface showed no appreciable change. In the crystals from the SSS photographic film, the triangular pattern consisting of three protrusions appeared on the well-developed (111) surface, while the square pattern appeared on the (100) face with electron irradiation or exposure to the sun light. It was also found that the tripyramidal pits appeared on the (111) face with much longer electron irradiation or exposure to he sun light.
P-T-x Phase Diagram of the Lead Telluride System
Authors: Fujimoto Masatomo , Sato Yasuo
Published: November 2005

Small single crystals of lead telluride were annealed at various tellurium or lead pressures in order to control their stoichiometric compositions. Samples equilibrated under high tellurium pressures were p-type and those under low tellurium or high lead pressures n-type. The tellurium pressures corresponding to the p-n transition boundary were found to be about 3×10-5 mmHg at 600°C and about 10-3 mmHg at 750°C.
From the analysis of the experimental results, high temperature equilibria for lead and tellurium vacancies were calculated by using the method of Kröger and Vink for imperfections in lead sulfide. Melting points of lead telluride were determined under various tellurium pressures by the thermal analysis of the freezing process and its P-T-x phase diagram was constructed.
Electrical Detection System for Broad Range Magnetic Analyzer
Authors: Koike Masahiro , Matsuda Kazuhisa
Published: November 2005

A multicounter system for a broad range magnetic analyzer has been developed. Along the paths of analyzed particles, forty proportional counters followed by a scintillation counter were arranged in the focusing plane of the analyzer. The addresses of the proportional counters correspond to the momenta of the analyzed particles. The scintillation counter made a counter telescope with the proportional counters. Backgrounds were much reduced by means of this telescope technique. Forty transistor amplifiers were used for amplification of signals from the proportional counters. After pulse shaping by the forty discriminators, the pulses were led into the corresponding scalers. The forty discriminators were gated by the signals from the scintillation counter.
Relaxation Spectrum of Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Takano Yo
Published: November 2005

The mechanical behavior of crystalline polymers is investigated by taking into account a folded chain structure of crystallite. The retardation spectrum is calculated with the aid of the normal coordinate method. It is assumed that energy dissipation occurs only on the surface of the crystallite. The spectrum is nearly flat because of the predominantly two-dimensional nature of vibration and is considered to correspond to the grain boundary dispersion of crystalline polymers such as polyethylene.
Hardening of Deposited Metals in Hollow Cathode Discharge
Authors: Takatsu Kiyoichi , Toda Toshiharu
Published: November 2005

Extraodinary hardening of deposited metal in the hollow cathode discharge is described. Apparent grain size was investigated by means of the diffraction patterns. The hardening may be attributed to the excessive imperfections.
Trapping of High Field Domain in n-Type GaAs
Authors: Yamashita Akiyasu , Nii Riro
Published: November 2005

High field current-voltage characteristics ofn-typeGaAswere investigated in the temperature range of 200∼300°K with long samples, and below room temperature remarkable current saturation is found before the current oscillation begins. The critical field for current saturation was nearly the same as that for the Gunn effect at room temperature. The field distribution was observed with a traveling probe, and the formation of stationary high field domain was detected in the current saturation region. A mechanism is proposed to explain the trapping of the high field domain which results in the current saturation and hysteresis effect observed in this experiment.
High Dose Detector for Gamma and X-Radiation Using Compton Scattered Electron
Authors: Hiraoka Eiichi
Published: November 2005

A new method for measuring high doses of gamma- and X-rays has been tested by using Co-60 and a 15 Mev Linac. The detector used was composed of a dielectri and lead absorber, utilizing the current caused by Compton electrons. The outputs were measured by a vibrating reed electrometer. The collected current densities are about 2.5×10-14 Amp/roentgen/min/cm2. It almost coincides with the value calculated from the process of Compton scattering. The detector was found to be almost energy independent in the energy range up to 13 Mev and we can expect to realize the energy independence up to higher energies.
Electric Current due to γ-Ray Irradiation
Authors: Hirakawa Hiromasa , Mizumachi Yoshihiko
Published: November 2005

Production of recoil electrons in material irradiated with γ-rays results in an electric current flow. A simplified analysis of this effect with specific interest for γ-rays below 50 MeV is given. Examples for the Co-60 γ-rays and the accelerator-produced brems-strahlung are shown.
Observation of Crystal Defects by Pseudo-Kossel Lines on X-Ray Projection Micrograph
Authors: Ichinokawa Takeo
Published: November 2005

When divergent X-rays from the source of size below 1 µ are diffracted from Fe-Si (Si 3%) single crystals of about 0.05 mm thickness, a pseudo-Kossel pattern superimposed with the X-ray projection micrograph is obtained. Distortion of absorption lines in the pseudo-Kossel pattern shows the change in orientation or spacing of the crystal planes at their locations on the X-ray projection micrograph. By traversing the X-ray source on a target film, pseudo-Kossel lines change their locations on the X-ray projection micrograph. Thus, two-dimensional stress distribution in the neighborhood of the crystal defect can be revealed.
The detectable limit of distortion is about 10-4 in order and the resolution of the X-ray projection micrograph is about 1 µ.
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Minority Carrier Lifetime in Germanium Single Crystals
Authors: Fukuoka Noboru , Hirata Mitsuji , Saito Haruo
Published: November 2005

Arsenic and antimony doped germanium were irradiated by Co 60 gamma rays at -72°C. Changes in the minority carrier lifetime were studied as a function of time and temperature for various periods after the irradiations. The formation of traps was observed in arsenic doped crystals after irradiation. The position of the trapping level was found to be 0.18 eV from the valence band. In antimony doped crystals, the formation of traps was detected only in a heavily doped sample. The trapping center was stable or rather increased in arsenic doped crystals on annealing at room temperature. A little reverse annealing was observed in the range of room temperature both in arsenic and antimony doped samples.
Some Remarks on the Temperature Measurement of Nonisothermal Flames by the Line Reversal Technique
Authors: Sasaki Yutaro
Published: November 2005

The factors that determine the line reversal temperature of a flame having a realistic temperature cross section are explained by detailed calculations of sodiumD-line contours. The upper limit of the apparent reversal temperature is determined by shapes of the temperature and sodium distributions in the flame, and is obtained when the flame is optically thin or when the effective slit width of an observing spectroscope is wide enough to cover the line contours. As the sodium distribution has a sharp peak in the highest temperature zone, the upper limit of the reversal temperature approaches the highest temperature in the flame.
A. C. Photoconductivity of CdS Crystals
Authors: Miyake Tohru , Onuki Masami
Published: November 2005

The photoconductivity of CdS crystals with Mylar blocking electrodes was measured in alternating field in the absence of space charge. Measurements of the a.c. photocurrent as a function of frequency are compared with a simple theory based on surface trapping. The frequency dependence of a specimen under illumination is described by its dielectric relaxation time. Saturation of the true a.c. photocurrent is observed and explained by the schubweg of photo-electrons. The trapping time of photo-electrons is estimated from the saturation curve. The photoconductivities of a specimen in both a.c. and d.c. fields were measured for different electrodes between 300°K and 83°K. The results are discussed from the point of view of electon-injection.
Elastoresistance Effects in Evaporated Bismuth Films
Authors: Koike Ryutaro , Kurokawa Hiroyuki
Published: November 2005

For the purpose to use bismuth films as strain gauges or strain transducers, about one hundred bismuth films were evaporated onto glass substrates in an ultra-high vacuum under various conditions, and their characteristics were measured. In carrying out measurements of the change in resistance with mechanical stress or strain (piezo- or elasto-resistance effect), the glass substrate was supported in the form of a cantilever and uniaxial stress was applied parallel to the film. The following characteristics were observed: The transverse elastoresistance is greater than the longitudinal effect; the gauge factor increases when the temperature is lowered; although relaxation phenomena exist in the elastoresistance in bismuth, they can be cancelled by means of the combination of both the transverse and longitudinal effects; inversion of the signs exists in such coefficients as the longitudinal gauge factor, Hall coefficient, and temperature coefficient of resistance at film thicknesses around 0.5∼1µ. Some further experimental investigations were carried out on films deposited on thin epoxy-resin substrates. They were used as surface strain gauges and showed a gauge factor of approximately 15 at room temperature, and no significant changes were observed under a long-run test of continuous vibrations of 106 repetitions with a strain of ±3.3×10-4. Response to an ultrasonic vibration of the frequency 20 kc/s was also found to be good. There is still a problem in determining the proper conditions for the production of the films as strain gauges.
Performance of an X-Ray Spectroanalyzer Using Pm147Beta-Ray Source
Authors: Tanemura Takashi
Published: November 2005

A high efficiency X-ray spectroanalyzer is described which is equipped with Pm147β-ray source and a Xe-CH4filled proportional counter. Unwanted scattered β-rays, which are liable to form a strong background, were prevented from entering the counter by placing a 60 mg/cm2beryllium foil in front of the counter window. This allowed a geometry of much higher efficiency to be realized than that of an ordinary apparatus in which scattered β-rays are deflected away by a magnet. ThusKX-rays above 104counts/sec were able to be obtained by a 100 millicurie Pm147source for the elements from Cr to Zn. With this new apparatus, the intensity ofKX-rays and the intensity ratio background/K X-rays were observed for Cr, Fe, Ni and Mo using a Pm147β-ray source on the one hand and using a Pm147β-excited X-ray source on the other. The comparison leads to the conclusion that the former is superior for the analyses of these elements except for low concentration Mo in a matrix of high atomic number.
Characteristics of a Microwave Discharge Chamber
Authors: Ōhashi Yōzō
Published: November 2005

Some fundamental properties of a discharge chamber operated by a pulsed microwave field were investigated. The discharge chamber was operated at an electric field of about 3 kV/cm, which is as low as in the case of the conventional d.c. discharge chamber. Under the optimum operating condition, it gave a three-dimensional track of a particle. The track was reasonably sharp, the average radius of discharge spots being about 0.7 mm and the root-mean-square deviation from the path of a particle being about 0.9 mm. The number of discharge spots per unit track length varied with ionizing intensity of a particle. Delayed triggering was found to improve the ionization density measurement as does delayed expansion of the cloud chamber. The mechanism of spot formation is discussed with particular attention to the relation between the observed spot density and the initial ion pair density.
Temperature Variation of the Initial Permeability in Ni- and Ni-Zn-Ferrites Containing Excess Iron and Small Amounts of Cobalt
Authors: Hirota Eiichi , Mihara Toshihiro
Published: November 2005

Some factors affecting the µ-T curve of Ni- or Ni-Zn-ferrites containing excess iron were studied. The µ-T curve of the ferrites is markedly affected not only by additions of Co, but also by the preparation procedure, apparently due to the oxidation of the ferrites. A possible cause of the effect of the oxidation is also discussed.
An Electron Diffraction Study Evaporated Boron Films
Authors: Katada Kinya
Published: November 2005

The structure of evaporated boron films was studied by electron diffraction, using the sector-microphotometer procedure. Eleven halos were observed in the region of s<23Å-1. Both the radial distribution and the intensity comparison methods were applied to analysis of the data. Bond distances similar to those appearing in the crystalline forms of boron were found in the evaporated film. The 12B icosahedra which are the structural entities common to the three modifications of crystal boron exist also in the film. The arrangement of the icosahedra is quite random.
Thermodynamics of Vapor Growth of ZnSe-Ge-I2 System in Closed Tube Process
Authors: Arizumi Tetsuya , Nishinaga Tatau , Kakehi Masahiro
Published: November 2005

The transport phenomena of ZnSe-Ge-I2 system in the closed tube process are thermodynamically investigated by means of the general transport equations presented in a previous paper.1) Calculations show that the nature of the transport reaction is mainly governed by the density of charged iodine. If the density is low enough, the main reaction is the thermal decomposition of ZnSe, while if it is high enough, the reaction is governed by the disproportionation reaction between GeI2 and GeI4. During the growth process a considerable amount of Ge is etched away by iodine vapor.
Long Range Order Theory of Ferromagnetic Superlattices with Application to FeCo and FeNi3
Authors: Eguchi Tetsuo , Kinoshita Chiken , Kiyoto Shin-ichiro , Yasutake Kikue
Published: November 2005

A statistical theory of ferromagnetic superlattices is developed in the Bragg-Williams approximation with long range order for alloys of types AB and AB3with bcc and fcc lattices, respectively. Five parameters are introduced to describe the distribution of the two kinds of atoms with magnetic moments. These parameters are obtained as functions of temperature under the equilibrium condition, and the critical temperatures are determined in terms of the interaction energies. The general results thus developed are then applied to the analysis of experimental data so far available in FeCo and FeNi3. In the case of FeCo, where the interaction energies have not yet been measured, the agreement between the prediction of our theory and the experimental data is not satisfactory, but in the case of FeNi3, where the data for the interaction energies are available, the agreement is very satisfactory.
Beam Profile Measurement for Electron Accelerators
Authors: Okabe Shigeru , Tabata Tatsuo , Tsumori Kunihiko
Published: November 2005

New methods have been developed for monitoring the beam profile of electron accelerators. For electron energies above and below 3 MeV, the monitor utilizes the secondary emission from the probe and the partial absorption of the primary beam in it, respectively, and the probe consists of cooper wire or thin aluminum plate. The performance of the monitor was investigated with electron beams of a 15 MeV linear accelerator and a 2 MeV resonance transformer. The advantages of these methods are their simpleness and utility for high power accelerators.
Spectroscopic Measurement of Electron Density and Temperature in Argon-Hydrogen Plasma Jet
Authors: Terasawa Yoshio
Published: November 2005

Measurements have been made of electron densities and temperatures in an argonhydrogen gas mixture plasma jet using the Griem-Kolb-Shen theory for the Stark profile of the Hβ line and Inglis-Teller's formula in the Balmer lines.
The true intensity distribution for the Hβ line has been obtained by taking into account the background spectrum due to argon. Both the electron densities and temperatures determined by the two different methods are in reasonable agreement.
Under operating conditions of the plasma jet of an arc current of 100A, arc voltage of 62V, and gas flow rate of 23 1/min (Ar : H2=2 : 1), the electron densities of the plasma jet at distances of 2 mm, 7 mm, and 12 mm from the head of an anode are (7.25±1.10)×1016 cm-3, (4.16±0.62)×1016 cm-3, and (2.25±0.33)×1016 cm-3, respectively, and the corresponding temperatures are (12,100±300)°K, (11,100±200)°K, and (10,300±200)°K, respectively.
Reactions of New Thermite Systems
Authors: Terao Nobuzo , Baroen Henri
Published: November 2005

It has been observed that new thermite reactions become possible by using refractory metals such as niobium, tantalum or titanium. Besides the significantly greater heat of reaction, the new thermite systems are characterized by a much lower kindling temperature than the conventional thermites if sufficiently fine powders of metals and oxides are used. The following details of the reactions have been examined; (a) the nature of the reaction products by X-ray structure analysis, (b) the released heat by calorimetric measurement, and (c) the variation of the ignition temperature with the composition of thermite mixtures. As one of the promising applications of these new thermite reactions, the welding of copper rods was successfully carried out.
On the Magnetic Properties of Au2Mn
Authors: Sato Kiyoo
Published: November 2005

Magnetization of the intermetallic compound Au2Mn was measured in pulsed high magnetic fields at 80°K and 4.2°K. The magnetic moment µ0 of a manganese atom was estimated to be 3.38 µ
B
. The critical fields for the antiferro-ferromagnetic transformation found to be 13 kOe at 80°K and 15 kOe at 4.2°K. The screw angles estimated from the magnetization measurement are compared with the neutron diffraction data of Herpin et al.
Theoretical Calculation of Fluorescent X-Ray Intensities in Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrochemical Analysis.
Authors: Shiraiwa Toshio , Fujino Nobukatsu
Published: November 2005

The theoretical formulas of the fluorescent x-ray intensity (the primary, the secondary and the tertiary fluorescent x-rays) are obtained and actual calculations are made for nickel-iron, iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-chromium alloys. In the calculation, the continuous intensity distribution of the irradiating x-rays for the wavelength is taken into account. The theoretical results agree with the experiments very well, the deviations being 1% at most, and it is concluded that the theoretical estimation of the fluorescent x-ray intensity emitted from samples of various composition is possible. The matrix effect, absorption effect, and enhancement effect are evaluated from the present theory. In the enhancement effect, secondary fluorescent x-rays are quite significant (for instance, the chromium secondary fluorescent x-rays from Cr 2% and Fe 98% alloy reach the 55% of the chromium primary fluorescent x-rays and they can not be neglected), but the tertiary fluorescent x-rays are only a few per cent. The usual approximation methods, where the irradiating x-rays are assumed as monochromatic rays and the secondary fluorescent rays are not taken into consideration are also discussed and their meaning is made clear.
Time Variations of Stimulated Raman Process and Effect of Relaxation
Authors: Shimizu Tadao , Shimizu Fujio
Published: November 2005

Stimulated Stokes emissions from Raman active media (CS2 and C6H6) have been observed by using a Q-switched ruby laser, which emits a multiple-pulse in each shot. A relation between intensities of the laser pulses and the corresponding stimulated Stokes pulses is not expressed by a simple proportion, because a certain relaxation phenomenon occurs in the Raman medium. The pulse shape of the laser light after transmission through the Raman medium also shows some asymmetric structure under the influence of the relaxation.
Neither shock wave propagation nor a bubble produced by the laser beam is a possible origin of the observed effect. A saturation of transition between the vibrational levels by the stimulated Raman process is one of the plausible sources of the temporal variations of this process. The calculation is found to account for the observations.
Characteristic of a Cylindrical Probe in a Low Density Plasma Stream
Authors: Amemiya Hiroshi , Dote Toshihiko
Published: November 2005

The positive ion current characteristic of a cylindrical probe in a drifting plasma is presented under the condition that the gas density is so low that the free molecular theory applies and that there is a clear boundary between the plasma and the sheath, the latter form being assumed to be a cylinder coaxial with the probe. For the estimation of the sheath thickness the equation of space-charge-limited currents is applied. The ratio between the ion currents when the axis of the probe is parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the flow is shown to provide a determination of the speed ratio.
Longitudinal Magneto-Optic Effect in Ferromagnetic Thin Films. II
Authors: Tanaka Shun-ichi , Yoshino Toshihiko , Takahashi Tsunehiko
Published: November 2005

The longitudinal Kerr and Faraday effects in Ni and 80% Ni Permalloy films are investigated by the use of a photoelectric polarization spectrometer. The refractive indices and the gyroelectric constants of Ni or Permalloy films are chosen as 1.40 (1–1.80i) or 1.65 (1–1.70i) and 4.55×10-3 exp
{i(21^°)} or 1.20×10-2 exp
{i(26^°)}, respectively, at the wavelength of 550 mµ. Then the theoretical values of rotation as a function of the angle of incidence and the film thickness calculated from the equations given in I agree fairly well with the experimental results. The wavelength dispersion of the rotation and the boundary surface effect of these films are also treated.
Ion Resonance Probe for the Measurement of Plasma Densities
Authors: Kiyama Satoru , Kato Kiyoe
Published: November 2005

This paper describes a new resonance probe method for the measurement of plasma densities. The principle of this method lies in the fact that in a uniform plasma the ion resonance can be observed near the ion plasma frequency f

p
i
, if the probe is biased sufficiently negative with respect to the space potential of the plasma. As the effect of the ion resonance on the rectified current out of the probe was very small, a direct-display method using a frequency swept signal generator was adopted. The density obtained by this method was compared with the one measured by a usual Langmuir probe. A good agreement was obtained between the two.
Preparation of GaAs-Ge and InAs-GaAs Heterojunctions in a Closed Tube System Using Iodine Process
Authors: Kasano Hiroyuki , Iida Shinya
Published: November 2005

Preparation of single crystal heterojuctions is investigated in the vapor growth of GaAs on Ge or of InAs on GaAs substrate by varying their basic growth parameters such as source and substrate temperatures, iodine carrier concentration and crystal orientation. The relations between growth conditions, growth rate and crystal quality are discussed.
The most remarkable feature is the appearance of an intermediate layer of 10–20 µ thick between substrate and grown film which is observed over a rather wide range of growth conditions and which plays a fairly important role in junction electrical properties.
Experimental results suggested that the origin of this intermediate layer was strongly connected with the species that was once vaporized from the substrate and precipitated in the closed tube.
On the Phase Transformation of VO2
Authors: Mitsuishi Tomokuni
Published: November 2005

Phase transformation of VO2 was studied by the optical microscopy, the X-ray difraction and the electrical resistance. Growth of transformed regions from sites of nucleation was observed in micrographs. The critical temperature of the transition and the rate of the growth were dependent on the mechanical strain. Apparent growth velocities were 0.01∼1 mm./sec. at heating rates of 0.1∼6°C/min. The intermediate phase suggested by Umeda et al with NMR was identified with a phase observed by our experiment. The lattice constants are a=5.80 AA, b=4.52 AA. c=5.38 AA, α=91.55°, β=122.78°, γ\doteqdot90°. Both the impurities of Al, Fe, and Cr and the reduction were effective for the creation of the triclinic phase. The low temperature phase which is normally monoclinic was found to be triclinic for those crystals which have the wider temperature range of the intermediate phase. The intermediate phase was explained assuming a metastable structure stabilized by the Magneli defect.
Current Instability in n-and p-Type InSb under Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Ikoma Hideaki
Published: November 2005

The current density and the Hall coefficient of n-and p-type InSb were measured as a function of electric field, E, up to 1000 volt/cm in a transverse magnetic field, H, from 1000 to 6000 gauss at 77°K. In n-InSb, for H>2000 gauss, incoherent current oscillations with frequency of 20∼50 Mc/sec set in at E≃100 volt/cm, which is smaller than the intrinsic “breakdown” field, simultaneously with the saturation of the “Hall” drift velocity, while, for H<2000 gauss, oscillations were only observed at E≃200∼300 volt/cm (the “breakdown,, field). As the magnetic field is increased, the threshold electric field of oscillations decreases, at first, in proportion to the reciprocal of H, reaches a minimum at H≃3500 gauss and increases with further increase of H. There seems to be optimum values of E and H for oscillations. Some discussions were made on a possibility of the instability of weakly ionized plasma due to the presence of a density gradient parallel to the current direction. In p-InSb, the threshold electric field of oscillations is nearly independent of magnetic field up to 6000 gauss and it is likely that the acoustic instability is the cause of oscillations.
Influence of Line Profile on Counting Loss Correction
Authors: Hosoya Sukeaki , Yamagishi Tomoe
Published: November 2005

The recent progress in precision of X-ray diffractometry has made it necessary to take account of possible errors of various origins so far neglected. It is shown that the influence of line profile of a reflection on counting loss correction is not always negligible. Approximate estimations were made on this influence for a few typical line profiles. The results may be used for making counting loss correction more accurately or for suppressing it to a negligible extent.
Annular Output Coupling for Infrared Gas-Laser
Authors: Nakasuji Mamoru , Ohtsuka Yoshihiro
Published: November 2005

An annular aperture around the center of one mirror has been tried for coupling out the laser energy. It is found that the lowest order transverse mode TEM00 remains least in the power losses among the resonant modes, even though the former mode has fairly close coupling.
The variation in the power output due to the destructive interference of the odd-symmetric modes of oscillation by a knife edge moving across the output beam, gives a confirmation of the infrared radiations, enhanced by other stimulated emission lines, to be lasing ones.
Absolute output power, the difference between the laser output power of He-Ne and that of pure Ne, and the gain constant are examined in respect of all 24 lines of Ne from 3.4 to 23 µ wavelength.
Study of Self-Trapped Filaments of Laser and Stimulated Raman Lights by a Second-Harmonic-Generation Technique
Authors: Takatsuji Masamoto
Published: November 2005

Self-trapped filaments of laser and stimulated first-order Stokes Raman lights are investigated by a second-harmonic-generation technique of Hauchecorne and Mayer. The diameter, power density and other features of the filaments thus obtained agree with those which other workers obtained by the photographic method, and numerically somewhat different from Hauchecorne and Mayer's ones. Both filaments seem to be unaffected by stimulated Raman scattering and to expand by diffraction after their formation.
Determination of Radial Temperature Distribution in Argon-Hydrogen Plasma Jet
Authors: Terasawa Yoshio
Published: November 2005

In the case when the plasma temperature is below the calibrating temperature required in the Fowler-Milne method, a new method for determining the radial temperature distribution in an Ar-H2gas mixture plasma jet is described. It is shown that the radial temperature distribution can be determined by combining the radial intensity distribution for the λ4200ArI line and the Stark profile for the Hβline. This method requires only measurement of the relative intensity for a spectral line.
Flow of Reiner-Rivlin Fluids in the Entrance Region of A Channel
Authors: Gupta R. C.
Published: November 2005

The flow of Reiner-Rivlin fluids in the entrance region of a channel has been studied accounting for the loss of energy due to viscous dissipation in the boundary layer. Analytical expressions for the pressure drop and the distance at which a given boundary layer thickness is attained have been obtained. Various particular cases have also been discussed.
Direct Observation of Twin Formation in Iron-4.4% Silicon Crystals
Authors: Masuda Hirokatsu , Hyodo Shin-ichi , Honda Ryukichi
Published: November 2005

Single crystals of iron-4.4% silicon and of iron were subjected to impact compression at room temperature. High-speed cine-microscopic pictures were taken at a framing rate of 4–6×105 sec-1 for observation of twin formation in the specimens. The twin formation lasted for a period of an order of 10 µsec, resulting in a fairly uniform distribution of twins with a linear density of 10–20 mm-1. During this period, the twins were apparently formed in successive groups. The velocity of twin propagation was estimated to be higher than 7×102 m/sec-1. The observed twins thickened very rapidly in their early stage of growth.