bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Genotoxic Properties of Two Complexes of AgI with Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP): X‐ray Diffraction of [Ag(SCP)]n
Authors: Mosconi Natalia , Giulidori Cecilia , Velluti Francesca , Hure Estela , Postigo Agustina , Borthagaray Graciela , Back Davi Fernando , Torre María H. , Rizzotto Marcela
Published: May 2014

We report the synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activities, phytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of two new complexes of silver(I) with sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), one of which is heteroleptic with SCP and SCN− ligands (Ag–SCP–SCN), the other of which is homoleptic (Ag–SCP); furthermore, the crystal structure of the homoleptic complex is disclosed. The heterocyclic N atom nearest to the Cl atom and the Nsulfonamide atom could be coordination sites for the silver ion in the Ag–SCP–SCN complex. The Ag–SCP complex is a polymeric compound with metal–metal bonds, and the heterocyclic and sulfonamide N atoms are points of coordination for AgI. Both complexes showed activity against all the tested bacteria, and in the cases of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the action was better than that of SCP. In all cases, both silver–SCP complexes showed better antifungal activity than SCP, which was inactive against the tested fungi. Notably, the activity against P. aeruginosa, a nosocomial multidrug‐resistant pathogen, was better than that of the reference antibiotic cefotaxim. Both silver–sulfa complexes displayed moderate activity against the tested yeast, especially for C. neoformans, which is an important fact considering the incidence of cryptococcosis, mainly in immune‐deficient patients. No chromosomal aberrations were observed with the Allium cepa test, which is auspicious for further study of these complexes as potential drugs.
Daughters and Mothers Against Breast Cancer (DAMES): Main outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of weight loss in overweight mothers with breast cancer and their overweight daughters
Authors: Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy , Jones Lee W. , Snyder Denise C. , Sloane Richard J. , Kimmick Gretchen G. , Hughes Daniel C. , Badr Hoda J. , Miller Paige E. , Burke Lora E. , Lipkus Isaac M.
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Few studies to date have used the cancer diagnosis as a teachable moment to promote healthy behavior changes in survivors of cancer and their family members. Given the role of obesity in the primary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer, the authors explored the feasibility of a mother‐daughter weight loss intervention.

METHODS

A randomized controlled trial of a mailed weight loss intervention was undertaken among 68 mother‐daughter dyads (n = 136), each comprised of a survivor of breast cancer (AJCC stage 0‐III) and her adult biological daughter. All women had body mass indices ≥ 25 kg/m2 and underwent in‐person assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, with accelerometry and exercise capacity performed on a subset of individuals. All women received a personalized workbook and 6 newsletters over a 1‐year period that promoted weight loss; exercise; and a nutrient‐rich, low‐energy density diet. A total of 25 dyads received individually tailored instruction (INDIVIDUAL), 25 dyads received team‐tailored instruction (TEAM), and 18 dyads received standardized brochures (CONTROL).

RESULTS

The trial met its accrual target, experienced 90% retention, and caused no serious adverse events. Significant differences in baseline to 12‐month changes were observed between INDIVIDUAL versus CONTROL mothers for body mass index, weight, and waist circumference (WC); significant differences also were observed in the WC of corresponding daughters (P < .05). Significant differences were found between INDIVIDUAL versus CONTROL and TEAM versus CONTROL dyads for WC (P = .0002 and .018, respectively), minutes per week of physical activity (P = .031 and .036, respectively), and exercise capacity (P = .047 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

Significant improvements in lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes are possible with tailored print interventions directed toward survivors of cancer and their family members. For greater impact, more research is needed to expand this work beyond the mother‐daughter dyad. Cancer 2014;120:2522–2534. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Extreme heterogeneity of myeloablative total body irradiation techniques in clinical practice: A survey of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Giebel Sebastian , Miszczyk Leszek , Slosarek Krzysztof , Moukhtari Leila , Ciceri Fabio , Esteve Jordi , Gorin Norbert‐Claude , Labopin Myriam , Nagler Arnon , Schmid Christoph , Mohty Mohamad
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Total body irradiation (TBI) is widely used for conditioning before hematopoietic cell transplantation. Its efficacy and toxicity may depend on many methodological aspects. The goal of the current study was to explore current clinical practice in this field.

METHODS

A questionnaire was sent to all centers collaborating in the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and included 19 questions regarding various aspects of TBI. A total of 56 centers from 23 countries responded.

RESULTS

All centers differed with regard to at least 1 answer. The total maximum dose of TBI used for myeloablative transplantation ranged from 8 grays (Gy) to 14.4 Gy, whereas the dose per fraction was 1.65 Gy to 8 Gy. A total of 16 dose/fractionation modalities were identified. The dose rate ranged from 2.25 centigrays to 37.5 centigrays per minute. The treatment unit was linear accelerator (LINAC) (91%) or cobalt unit (9%). Beams (photons) used for LINAC were reported to range from 6 to 25 megavolts. The most frequent technique used for irradiation was “patient in 1 field,” in which 2 fields and 2 patient positions per fraction are used (64%). In 41% of centers, patients were immobilized during TBI. Approximately 93% of centers used in vivo dosimetry with accepted discrepancies between the planned and measured doses of 1.5% to 10%. In 84% of centers, the lungs were shielded during irradiation. The maximum accepted dose for the lungs was 6 Gy to 14.4 Gy.

CONCLUSIONS

TBI is an extremely heterogeneous treatment modality. The findings of the current study should warrant caution in the interpretation of clinical studies involving TBI. Further investigation is needed to evaluate how methodological differences influence outcome. Efforts to standardize the method should be considered. Cancer 2014;120:2760–2765. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst Containing Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites for the Production of Furfurals
Authors: Mazzotta Michael G. , Gupta Dinesh , Saha Basudeb , Patra Astam K. , Bhaumik Asim , Abu‐Omar Mahdi M.
Published: May 2014

Self‐assembled nanoparticulates of porous sulfonated carbonaceous TiO2 material that contain Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites were prepared by a one‐pot synthesis method. The material was characterized by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption, pyridine FTIR spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, N2‐sorption, atomic absorbance spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The carbonaceous heterogeneous catalyst (Glu‐TsOH‐Ti) with a Brønsted‐to‐Lewis acid density ratio of 1.2 and more accessible acid sites was effective to produce 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from biomass‐derived mono‐ and disaccharides and xylose in a biphasic solvent that comprised water and biorenewable methyltetrahydrofuran. The catalyst was recycled in four consecutive cycles with a total loss of only 3 % activity. Thus, Glu‐TsOH‐Ti, which contains isomerization and dehydration catalytic sites and is based on a cheap and biorenewable carbon support, is a sustainable catalyst for the production of furfurals, platform chemicals for biofuels and chemicals.
Nature and extent of left/right axis defects in TWis/TWis mutant mouse embryos
Authors: Concepcion Daniel , Papaioannou Virginia E.
Published: May 2014

Background: Mutations in the T‐box gene Brachyury have well known effects on invagination of the endomesodermal layer during gastrulation, but the gene also plays a role in the determination of left/right axis determination that is less well studied. Previous work has implicated node morphology in this effect. We use the TWis allele of Brachyury to investigate the molecular and morphological effects of the T locus on axis determination in the mouse. Results: Similar to embryos mutant for the T allele, TWis/TWis embryos have a high incidence of ventral and/or reversed heart looping. In addition, heterotaxia between the direction of heart looping and the direction of embryo turning is common. Scanning electron microscopy reveals defects in node morphology including irregularity, smaller size, and a decreased number of cilia, although the cilia appear morphologically normal. Molecular analysis shows a loss of perinodal expression of genes involved in Nodal signaling, namely Cer2, Gdf1, and Nodal itself. There is also loss of Dll1 expression, a key component of the Notch signaling pathway, in the presomitic mesoderm. Conclusions: Morphological abnormalities of the node as well as disruptions of the molecular cascade of left/right axis determination characterize TWis/TWis mutants. Decreased Notch signaling may account for both the morphological defects and the absence of expression of genes in the Nodal signaling pathway. Developmental Dynamics 243:1046–1053, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C‐reactive protein predicts mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography and symptoms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Koller L. , Kleber M. , Goliasch G. , Sulzgruber P. , Scharnagl H. , Silbernagel G. , Grammer T. , Delgado G. , Tomaschitz A. , Pilz S. , März W. , Niessner A.
Published: May 2014

Aims

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a different pathophysiological background compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Tailored risk prediction in this separate heart failure group with a high mortality rate is of major importance. Inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF because of its significant contribution to myocardial fibrosis. We therefore aimed to assess the predictive value of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in patients with HFpEF.

Methods and results

Plasma levels of CRP were determined in 459 patients with HFpEF in the LUdwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study using a high‐sensitivity assay. During a median follow‐up of 9.7 years 40% of these patients died. CRP predicted all‐cause mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.40, P = 0.018] and cardiovascular mortality with a HR of 1.32 (95% CI 1.08–1.62, P = 0.005) per increase of one standard deviation. CRP was a significantly stronger mortality predictor in HFpEF patients than in a control group of 522 HFrEF patients (for interaction, P = 0.015). Furthermore, CRP added prognostic value to N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (Nt‐proBNP): the lowest 5‐year mortality rate of 6.8% was observed for patients in the lowest tertile of Nt‐proBNP as well as CRP. The mortality risk peaked in the group combining the highest values of Nt‐proBNP and CRP with a 5‐year rate of 36.5%.

Conclusion

It was found that CRP was an independent and strong predictor of mortality in HFpEF. This observation may reflect immunological processes with an adverse impact on the course of HFpEF.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the impact of stricter definitions
Authors: Patel Hitesh C. , Hayward Carl , di Mario Carlo , Cowie Martin R. , Lyon Alexander R. , Rosen Stuart D.
Published: May 2014

Aims

To determine the impact of internationally recognized criteria for the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF‐PEF) on the feasibility of recruitment into a HF‐PEF trial.

Methods and results

We reviewed the medical records of 5883 consecutive patients admitted with heart failure across eight hospitals in the UK. From those who had an EF ≥50% (filter 1), patients who had an alternative cardiac cause of symptoms or an over‐riding co‐morbidity were excluded (filter 2). The remaining patients had to satisfy the following selection criteria (filter 3): the presence of a non‐dilated left ventricle; structural remodelling (LV hypertrophy or dilated left atrium); and evidence of impaired diastolic function or raised BNP. Overall, 20.5% (n = 1203) of patients admitted with heart failure had an EF ≥50%. There was significant heterogeneity between the hospitals as this proportion varied from 42.4% in the teaching hospitals to 13.8% in the district general hospitals (P < 0.0001). Applying filter 2, the cohort size was reduced from 1203 to 122 patients. Of the latter 122, only 45 people had evidence of structural cardiac remodelling and evidence of either raised cardiac filling pressures on echocardiography or raised BNP consistent with HF‐PEF.

Conclusion

Applying our filters, only 0.8% of all patients admitted with heart failure would be eligible for a HF‐PEF trial. These data have important implications for the feasibility of clinical trials for HF‐PEF and for the generalizability of the results of such studies.
Layered Salts with Iron Hexadecachlorophthalocyanine Anions – The Formation of [{FeCl16Pc}2]3– Dimers Containing [FeICl16Pc(2–)]– and Diamagnetic [Fe0Cl16Pc(2–)]2–
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Ishikawa Manabu , Nakano Yoshiaki , Faraonov Maxim A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Saito Gunzi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: May 2014

Iron hexadecachlorophthalocyanine (Cl16Pc) salts with a layered arrangement of phthalocyanine (Pc) macrocycles were obtained by the reduction of FeCl16Pc with sodium fluorenone ketyl in the presence of PPNCl [PPN+: bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium cation] and TBABr (TBA+: tetrabutylammonium cation). (PPN+)[(FeICl16Pc)–]·0.78C6H4Cl2·0.22C6H14 (1) contains π–π stacking columns formed by dimerized (FeICl16Pc)– anions. The side‐by‐side arrangement of neighboring columns results in the formation of a layered iron hexadecachlorophthalocyanine structure. (TBA+)3{[(FeCl16Pc)2]3–} (2) contains hexagonal layers formed by [(FeCl16Pc)2]3– dimers and separated by TBA+ cations. The dimers bear –3 charge and, according to optical and X‐ray diffraction data, consist of a [FeI(Cl16Pc)]– monoanion and a [Fe0(Cl16Pc)]2– dianion. These anions are bonded in the dimer by a Fe–Fe bond of 2.899(4) Å length. It was shown that the negative charge in both anions is localized on the iron atoms to form FeI and Fe0, respectively, and no electron transfer to the hexadecachlorophthalocyanine macrocycles is observed. Magnetic data indicate the presence of only one S = 1/2 spin per [(FeCl16Pc)2]3– dimer. This result is in agreement with the formation of iron(I) and iron(0) hexadecachlorophthalocyanine anions, which have the iron atoms in d7 and diamagnetic d8 electron configuration, respectively. The spins of the iron(I) atoms are arranged in a hexagonal manner and only weakly interact, which results in a Weiss temperature of –1 K because of the long distances between them (>18 Å). Previously studied anionic salts with a columnar arrangement of [FeI(Cl16Pc)]– do not show EPR signals from FeI. In contrast, salt 2 shows an intense EPR signal with main components at g⟂ = 2.249 and g∥ = 1.989, which are characteristic of FeI with d7 electron configuration.
Controlling Helix Handedness in Water‐Soluble Quinoline Oligoamide Foldamers
Authors: Dawson Simon J. , Mészáros Ádám , Pethő Lilla , Colombo Cinzia , Csékei Márton , Kotschy András , Huc Ivan
Published: May 2014

For biological applications, the control of the helix handedness of water‐soluble quinoline‐based oligoamide foldamers has been investigated by the installation of chiral end groups at either the C or N terminus. This has resulted in the development of monomer units capable of unequivocally inducing helical sense without impacting the aqueous solubility. Furthermore, we showed that very slow helix handedness inversion in water can be exploited. The incorporation of a chiral moiety with no handedness‐induction properties allows the chromatographic separation of P and M helices as diastereoisomers with kinetically locked handedness.
A Shuttle for the Transport of Protons Based on a [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Hesseler Britta , Zindler Melanie , Herges Rainer , Lüning Ulrich
Published: May 2014

A [2]rotaxane shuttle for (light‐driven) proton transport has been designed and synthesized. The rotaxane contains a macrocyclic ring that carries a pyridine nitrogen atom as a basic center to bind and to transport a proton. The axis includes an amide binding site for the macrocycle and a positive charge in close vicinity. Upon protonation of the pyridine nitrogen atom, the hydrogen bond is broken and Coulomb repulsion between the protonated pyridine and the permanent positive charge in the axis pushes the protonated macrocycle to the other end of the axis. By variation of the pH the ring can shuttle to and fro. Its locations on the axis were determined by NMR spectroscopy.
Personality, Motivation, and College Readiness: A Prospectus for Assessment and Development
Authors: Kyllonen Patrick C. , Lipnevich Anastasiya A. , Burrus Jeremy , Roberts Richard D.
Published: May 2014

This article concerns how noncognitive constructs—personality and motivation—can be assessed and developed to increase students' readiness for college. We propose a general framework to account for personality and motivational differences between students. We review numerous studies showing that personality and motivational factors are related to educational outcomes, from early childhood to adulthood. We discuss various methods for assessing noncognitive factors, ranging from self‐assessments to performance tests. We consider data showing that personality and motivation change over time and find that particular interventions have proven successful in changing particular personality facets, leading to increased achievement. In a final section we propose a strategy for implementing a comprehensive psychosocial skills assessment in middle and high school, which would include setting proficiency standards and providing remedial instruction.
Modeling of fog droplet size distributions from infrared light attenuation measurements
Authors: Awan M.S. , Leitgeb Erich
Published: May 2014

It is demonstrated that optical attenuations recorded at 1‐min time interval in foggy environments can be modeled using two parameters of exponential distribution (hereafter EDSD) that are retrieved by standard iterative procedure. To compute two parameters of the exponential distribution, two experimental measurements are required (e.g. the measurement of liquid water content and the optical attenuations at visible wavelength) that are treated as two linear equations. A performance analysis suggests that the newly computed EDSD parameters having average values of Λ = 5.9815, N0 = 6.0586 are well correlated with the infrared light extinction coefficients and show somewhat better agreement with the calculated attenuations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Dow is Killing Me: Risky Health Behaviors and the Stock Market
Authors: Cotti Chad , Dunn Richard A. , Tefft Nathan
Published: May 2014

We investigate how risky health behaviors and self‐reported health vary with the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and during stock market crashes. Because stock market indices are leading indicators of economic performance, this research contributes to our understanding of the macroeconomic determinants of health. Existing studies typically rely on the unemployment rate to proxy for economic performance, but this measure captures only one of many channels through which the economic environment may influence individual health decisions. We find that large, negative monthly DJIA returns, decreases in the level of the DJIA, and stock market crashes are widely associated with worsening self‐reported mental health and more cigarette smoking, binge drinking, and fatal car accidents involving alcohol. These results are consistent with predictions from rational addiction models and have implications for research on the association between consumption and stock prices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for tracheal necrosis after total pharyngolaryngectomy
Authors: Fujiki Masahide , Miyamoto Shimpei , Sakuraba Minoru , Nagamatsu Shogo , Hayashi Ryuichi
Published: May 2014

Background

Tracheal necrosis is a severe complication of total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL). The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify risk factors for tracheal necrosis after TPL.

Methods

We performed a retrospective chart review of 177 patients who had undergone TPL. The preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables were examined, and possible risk factors for tracheal necrosis were subjected to univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Tracheal necrosis occurred in 35 patients (19.8%), and tracheoesophageal fistula subsequently developed in 3 of these patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified total esophagectomy and diabetes mellitus as significant risk factors for tracheal necrosis after TPL.

Conclusion

The findings of this study will be useful for assessing the risk of tracheal necrosis after TPL. In patients at high risk for tracheal necrosis, efforts should be made to preserve the tracheal circulation and to prevent life‐threatening sequelae if tracheal necrosis occurs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1207–1210, 2015
Sex‐specific disruptions in spatial memory and anhedonia in a “two hit” rat model correspond with alterations in hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression and signaling
Authors: Hill Rachel A. , Klug Maren , Kiss Von Soly Szerenke , Binder Michele D. , Hannan Anthony J. , van den Buuse Maarten
Published: May 2014

Post‐mortem studies have demonstrated reduced expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of schizophrenia and major depression patients. The “two hit” hypothesis proposes that two or more major disruptions at specific time points during development are involved in the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. However, the role of BDNF in these “two hit” effects is unclear. Our aim was to behaviorally characterize a “two hit” rat model of developmental stress accompanied by an in‐depth assessment of BDNF expression and signalling. Wistar rats were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (MS) stress and/or adolescent/young‐adult corticosterone (CORT) treatment. In adulthood, models of cognitive and negative symptoms of mental illness were analyzed. The hippocampus was then dissected into dorsal (DHP) and ventral (VHP) regions and analyzed by qPCR for exon‐specific BDNF gene expression or by Western blot for BDNF protein expression and downstream signaling. Male “two hit” rats showed marked disruptions in short‐term spatial memory (Y‐maze) which were absent in females. However, female “two hit” rats showed signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test), which were absent in males. Novel object recognition and anxiety (elevated plus maze) were unchanged by either of the two “hits”. In the DHP, MS caused a male‐specific increase in BDNF Exons I, II, IV, VII, and IX mRNA but a decrease in mature BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB) protein expression in adulthood. In the VHP, BDNF transcript expression was unchanged; however, in female rats only, MS significantly decreased mature BDNF and pTrkB protein expression in adulthood. These data demonstrate that MS causes region‐specific and sex‐specific long‐term effects on BDNF expression and signaling and, importantly, mRNA expression does not always infer protein expression. Alterations to BDNF signaling may mediate the sex‐specific effects of developmental stress on anhedonic behaviors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perception of parents as demonstrating the inherent merit of their values: Relations with self‐congruence and subjective well‐being
Authors: Yu Shi , Assor Avi , Liu Xiangping
Published: May 2014

This study focuses on the parenting practice of inherent value demonstration (IVD), involving parents' tendency to express their values in behaviours and appear satisfied and vital while doing so. Data from Chinese college students (n = 89) confirmed the hypothesis that offspring's perception of their parents as engaged in IVD predicts offspring's subjective well‐being (SWB) through sense of self‐congruence. Importantly, these relations emerged also when controlling for fundamental autonomy‐supportive (FAS) parenting practices such as taking children's perspective, minimising control and allowing choice. These findings are consistent with the view that parents concerned with their children's sense of autonomy may do well to engage in IVD in addition to more fundamental autonomy‐supportive practices. Future research may examine the role of IVD in promoting authentic values that serve as an internal compass that guides children to act in ways that feel self‐congruent.
Loss of Gsα Early in the Osteoblast Lineage Favors Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Committed Osteoblast Precursors
Authors: Sinha Partha , Aarnisalo Piia , Chubb Rhiannon , Ono Noriaki , Fulzele Keertik , Selig Martin , Saeed Hamid , Chen Min , Weinstein Lee S , Pajevic Paola Divieti , Kronenberg Henry M , Wu Joy Y
Published: May 2014

In humans, aging and glucocorticoid treatment are associated with reduced bone mass and increased marrow adiposity, suggesting that the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes may be coordinately regulated. Within the bone marrow, both osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells, but the mechanisms guiding the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblast versus adipocyte lineages are not fully defined. The heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gsα activates protein kinase A signaling downstream of several G protein-coupled receptors including the parathyroid hormone receptor, and plays a crucial role in regulating bone mass. Here, we show that targeted ablation of Gsα in early osteoblast precursors, but not in differentiated osteocytes, results in a dramatic increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Mutant mice have reduced numbers of mesenchymal progenitors overall, with an increase in the proportion of progenitors committed to the adipocyte lineage. Furthermore, cells committed to the osteoblast lineage retain adipogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. These findings have clinical implications for developing therapeutic approaches to direct the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into the osteoblast lineage. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism—Risk of Fractures, Psychiatric Diseases, Cancer, Cataract, and Infections
Authors: Underbjerg Line , Sikjaer Tanja , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars
Published: May 2014

Data on co-morbidity in patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) are sparse. We aimed to assess risk of fractures, spinal stenosis, cataract, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancer, and infections within the historic cohort of patients with postsurgical HypoPT due to non-malignant causes that we previously have characterized. Patients were identified through the Danish National Patient Registry and regional prescription databases, with subsequent validation of their individual hospital records. Identified cases were matched with three age- (± 2 yr) and gender-matched controls from the general background population. Compared with controls, patients did not have an increased risk of cataract (p = 0.52), spinal stenosis (p = 0.59), or any fracture (p = 0.98). However, the risk of fractures at the upper extremities was significantly decreased in patients (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97). Compared with controls, patients had a significantly increased risk of hospitalization due to infections (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.20–1.67) and depression/bipolar affective disorders (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.14–3.46). The risk of malignant diseases did not differ between groups although the risk of gastrointestinal cancers was significantly lower in patients compared with controls (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.93). In conclusion, HypoPT is associated with an increased risk of depression and other types of neuropsychiatric diseases as well as infections, whereas patients seem to be protected against fractures at the upper extremities and gastrointestinal malignancies. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) derived from a human cell line compared with rFSH from a non‐human cell line
Authors: Olsson Håkan , Sandström Rikard , Grundemar Lars
Published: May 2014

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) preparation (FE 999049), expressed by a human cell line (PER.C6), was compared with an rFSH preparation (follitropin α) expressed by a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in healthy pituitary‐suppressed women. Following single intravenous administration of 225 IU (Steelman–Pohley assay), the clearance was lower, 0.31 versus 0.44 L/h, for FE 999049 than for follitropin α. Likewise, the apparent clearance after repeated daily subcutaneous administrations was lower, 0.58 versus 0.99 L/h, and AUC and Cmax higher, 1.7‐ and 1.6‐fold. The absolute bioavailability after a single subcutaneous dose of 450 IU was similar for both preparations, 60–65%. After repeated subcutaneous administration the elimination half‐life was approximately 30 and 24 hours for FE 999049 and follitropin α. The ovarian responses by number of follicles and serum concentrations of inhibin B and estradiol, were higher with FE 999049 than with follitropin α, AUC and Cmax for the two latter being >1.6‐fold greater with FE 999049 than with follitropin α. These results indicate that administration of equal doses of FE 999049, expressed in a human cell line, and follitropin α, expressed in a CHO cell line, display different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in humans.
The three‐dimensional structure and catalytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase against acetaldehyde
Authors: Liu Xue‐Ying , Zeng Hong‐Yan , Peng Deng‐Hong , Gohi Bi Foua Claude Alain , Fan Bin
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

A hydrolysis of glyceryltrioleate catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was carried out to investigate the interaction of acetaldehyde and CRL. Acetaldehyde at low‐dose stimulated CRL activity, but decreased it at high‐dose, confirming a typical hormetic phenomenon. The interaction of CRL and low‐dose acetaldehyde was investigated by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods.

RESULTS

Acetaldehyde (0.2215 mmol L−1) increased α‐helix and β‐sheet contents of CRL, and enhanced CRL affinity for the substrate based on ATR‐FTIR, fluorescence and kinetic analyses. In docking studies, it was found that hydrogen bonds were formed separately between acetaldehyde and the five amino acid residues of CRL molecules, namely Trp188 and Ser389 in α‐helix segments, Ser209 in β‐turn region, Gly124 and Gly342 in random coil regions. And the formation of another hydrogen bond between Glu341 in the catalytic triad and Gln338 in the active pocket was also attributed to the change of the hydrophobic cleft conformation from the interaction of acetaldehyde and CRL.

CONCLUSION

The formed hydrogen bonds produced a profound distortion of the secondary structure of CRL molecules, which enhanced the affinity of CRL to the substrate leading to the increase of CRL activity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy: a process analytical tool for host cell DNA and RNA dynamics in mammalian cell lines
Authors: Ashton Lorna , Hogwood Catherine E.M. , Tait Andrew S. , Kuligowski Julia , Smales C. Mark , Bracewell Daniel G. , Dickson Alan J. , Goodacre Royston
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Recent advances in Raman spectroscopy have resulted in the development of rapid, in situ Raman probes that can identify and allow the assessment of the quality of complex constituents in mammalian cell culture. One specific Raman technique, UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, has potential as a probe for residual cellular DNA and RNA in mammalian cell culture medium.

RESULTS

Variations in DNA and RNA UVRR spectral profiles of medium‐cellular footprint samples were identified and related to time of harvest and increased cell lysis that is associated with a loss in cell viability. Increased DNA and RNA were also observed in the cell culture supernatant in response to sodium butyrate treatment. Variation in DNA and RNA profiles as a result of both primary and secondary clarification methods during downstream bioprocessing could also be determined with UVRR spectroscopy.

CONCLUSIONS

This study has demonstrated the utility of UVRR spectroscopy as a tool to monitor variations in residual DNA and RNA that may contaminate cell culture medium. Application of this technique has the potential for both improvement of recovery techniques and assurance of reliable clearance of DNA/RNA to acceptable safety levels. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Exergy analysis of energy‐intensive production processes: advancing towards a sustainable chemical industry
Authors: Luis Patricia , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: May 2014

Exergy analysis is becoming a very powerful strategy to evaluate the real efficiency of a process. Its application in the chemical industry is still at an early stage but many interesting remarks can be obtained from the recent research in the most energy intensive processes of the chemical industry: the production of chemicals, the cement industry, the paper industry and, the iron and steel industry. The present review analyzes the opportunities and challenges in those sectors by considering exergy analyses as the first required step (although not sufficient) to advance towards a more sustainable chemical industry. Social, environmental and economic factors play a role in the critical evaluation of a process and exergy could be considered as the property that joins together those three cores of sustainability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Automated segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous (deep and superficial) adipose tissues in normal and overweight men
Authors: Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Prakash Bhanu , Leow Melvin Khee‐Shing , Khoo Chin Meng , Chou Hong , Venkataraman Kavita , Khoo Eric Y.H. , Lee Yung Seng , Gluckman Peter D. , Tai E. Shyong , Velan S. Sendhil
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To develop an automatic segmentation algorithm to classify abdominal adipose tissues into visceral fat (VAT), deep (DSAT), and superficial (SSAT) subcutaneous fat compartments and evaluate its performance against manual segmentation.

Materials and Methods

Data were acquired from 44 normal (BMI 18.0–22.9 kg/m2) and 38 overweight (BMI 23.0–29.9 kg/m2) subjects at 3T using a two‐point Dixon sequence. A fully automatic segmentation algorithm was developed to segment the fat depots. The first part of the segmentation used graph cuts to separate the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and the second step employed a modified level sets approach to classify deep and superficial subcutaneous tissues. The algorithmic results of segmentation were validated against the ground truth generated by manual segmentation.

Results

The proposed algorithm showed good performance with Dice similarity indices of VAT/DSAT/SSAT: 0.92/0.82/0.88 against the ground truth. The study of the fat distribution showed that there is a steady increase in the proportion of DSAT and a decrease in the proportion of SSAT with increasing obesity.

Conclusion

The presented technique provides an accurate approach for the segmentation and quantification of abdominal fat depots. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:924–934. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specificity protein 1 regulates topoisomerase IIβ expression in SH‐SY5Y cells during neuronal differentiation
Authors: Guo Hui , Cao Cuili , Chi Xueqian , Zhao Junxia , Liu Xia , Zhou Najing , Han Shuo , Yan Yongxin , Wang Yanling , Xu Yannan , Yan Yunli , Cui Huixian , Sun Hongxia
Published: May 2014

Topoisomerase IIβ (top IIβ) is a nuclear enzyme with an essential role in neural development. The regulation of top IIβ gene expression during neural differentiation is poorly understood. Functional analysis of top IIβ gene structure displayed a GC box sequence in its transcription promoter, which binds the nuclear transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Sp1 regulates gene expression via multiple mechanisms and is essential for early embryonic development. This study seeks to determine whether Sp1 regulates top IIβ gene expression during neuronal differentiation. For this purpose, human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells were induced to neuronal differentiation in the presence of all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) for 5 days. After incubation with 10 μM RA for 3–5 days, a majority of the cells exited the cell cycle to become postmitotic neurons, characterized by the presence of longer neurite outgrowths and expression of the neuronal marker microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP2). Elevated Sp1 and top IIβ mRNA and protein levels were detected and found to be positively correlated with the differentiation stage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated an increased recruitment of Sp1 to the top IIβ promoter after RA treatment. Mithramycin A, a compound that interferes with Sp1 binding to GC‐rich DNA sequences, downregulated the expression of top IIβ, resulting in reduced expression of MAP2 and decreased neurite length compared with the control group. Our results indicate that Sp1 regulates top IIβ expression by binding to the GC box of the gene promoter during neuronal differentiation in SH‐SY5Y cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rice fortification with zinc during parboiling may improve the adequacy of zinc intakes in Bangladesh
Authors: Hotz Christine , Kabir Khandaker A , Dipti Sharifa S , Arsenault Joanne E , Bipul Moniruzzaman
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND

Zinc deficiency is prevalent among children and women in Bangladesh and parboiled rice is the major staple food consumed. Parboiling offers an opportunity to increase the zinc and iron content of rice by adding fortificants to the soaking water.

RESULTS

Rice zinc content increased with increasing amounts of zinc sulfate added to the parboil soaking water. Addition of 1300 mg zinc L−1 increased raw polished rice zinc content from 16.6 to 44.9 mg kg−1 and from 12.6 to 32.9 mg kg−1 in the open and closed parboiling systems, equivalent to 170% and 161% increases, respectively. Retention of zinc after washing and cooking was 70–81% across all concentrations tested. Addition of iron–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and zinc sulfate together increased zinc, but not iron, content of polished rice. The simulated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was reduced by more than half among children and nearly two‐thirds among women if 50% of the population were to consume the 1300 mg zinc L−1 parboiled fortified rice.

CONCLUSION

Addition of zinc sulfate to soaking water during parboiling increases the zinc content of rice and, if found to be bioavailable, could substantially reduce the prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by children and women in Bangladesh. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic Effect of Dual‐Functionalized Fibrous Scaffold with BCP and RGD Containing Peptide for Improved Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Shin Young Min , Jo Sun‐Young , Park Jong‐Seok , Gwon Hui‐Jeong , Jeong Sung In , Lim Youn‐Mook
Published: May 2014

Over the last decade, bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been advanced owing to the bioceramic incorporation and biomimetic modification. In this report, a dual‐functional fibrous scaffold with a bioceramic and biomolecule is developed, and a combined effect of a dual‐modification is investigated. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is incorporated in electrospun poly (L‐lactide) scaffolds, and Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) peptide is then conjugated through the graft polymerization of acrylic acid by γ‐ray irradiation. The scaffolds exhibit the intrinsic properties of BCP as well as RGD peptide, and only RGD peptide improves an adhesion and proliferation of the human mesenchymal stem cell. However, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium formation are synergistically improved by the BCP and RGD peptide indicating that a favorable microenvironment is constructed for bone formation. Therefore, this combination strategy with bioceramic and biomolecule can be a useful tool for the bone tissue engineering.
Spectrum created by line defects in periodic structures
Authors: Brown B. M. , Hoang V. , Plum M. , Wood I.
Published: May 2014

We study a Helmholtz‐type spectral problem related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in photonic crystal waveguides. The waveguide is created by introducing a linear defect into a three‐dimensional periodic medium; the defect is infinitely extended in one direction, but compactly supported in the remaining two. This perturbation introduces guided mode spectrum inside the band gaps of the fully periodic, unperturbed spectral problem. We will show that even small perturbations lead to additional spectrum in the spectral gaps of the unperturbed operator and investigate some properties of the spectrum that is created.
Age‐related differences in urinary 11‐dehydroxythromboxane B2 between infants, children, and adolescents: Another example of developmental hemostasis?
Authors: Varnell Charles D. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Yee Donald L. , Teruya Jun , Guyer Kirk E. , Siddiqui Shakeel , Jefferies John L.
Published: May 2014

Our study was developed to ascertain reference ranges of 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 (11‐dhTXB2) in the urine of healthy pediatric subjects. Urine samples were analyzed using the AspirinWorks™ assay that measures levels of 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2. 128 individuals (2 months to 18 years) were identified as healthy and not receiving aspirin. When adjusted as picograms/milligrams urine creatinine, there was a negative correlation between age and level of 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 (P = 0.0001). This study confirms a negative correlation between age and level of urinary 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 and provides a set of age‐specific reference ranges. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2074–2076. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Incidence of Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Ceftaroline
Authors: Jain Rupali , Chan Jeannie D. , Rogers Lisa , Dellit Timothy H. , Lynch John B. , Pottinger Paul S.
Published: May 2014

Study Objective

To determine clinical outcomes in patients who received ceftaroline (Teflaro) 600 mg intravenously every 8 or 12 hours after failing or developing intolerance to first‐line agents including vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid.

Design

Retrospective chart review and review of the literature.

Setting

Large academic medical center and regional Level 1 trauma and burn center.

Patients

Twelve patients who received ceftaroline for the treatment of refractory methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus infections between March 2011 and October 2012.

Measurements and Main Results

Ceftaroline was discontinued in 9 (75%) of 12 patients secondary to adverse effects. The average age of patients who discontinued ceftaroline was 53 years, with a mean body mass index of 29 kg/m2 and an average of four comorbidities (range one to eight). The median time to discontinuation due to perceived adverse effect was 22 days (range 5–62 days). The reasons for discontinuation of therapy were hematologic toxicities in seven patients and severe rash in two patients. Two patients completed therapy without documented adverse events, and one patient died on day 9 of ceftaroline therapy.

Conclusion

When given for off‐label indications to 12 patients at our institutions, ceftaroline was associated with an unexpectedly high rate (75%) of discontinuation due to perceived adverse events, including hematologic toxicities and rash.
Polyethylene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymers: synthesis and compatibility
Authors: Mu Jing‐shan , Yang Fei , Liu Zhong‐su , Li Yue‐sheng
Published: May 2014

A strategy is introduced for the synthesis of polyethylene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) block copolymers by a combination of coordination polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization. First, end‐hydroxylated polyethylene (PE‐OH) was prepared with a one‐step process through ethylene/3‐buten‐1‐ol copolymerization catalyzed by a vanadium(III) complex bearing a bidentate [N,O] ligand ([PhNC(CH3)CHC(Ph)O]VCl2(THF)2). The PE‐OH was then used as macroinitiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, leading to the desired nonpolar/polar diblock copolymers. The block structure was confirmed by spectral analysis using 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The unusual topologies of the model copolymers will establish a fundamental understanding for structure–property correlations, e.g. compatibilization, of polymer blends and surface and interface modification of other polymers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate mediated by poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene trithiocarbonate
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Wang Hailong , Zhang Lin , Ma Jianzhong
Published: May 2014

Ab initio reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate was investigated with the trithiocarbonate macro‐RAFT agent poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) as a stabilizer and a RAFT agent. Influences of the amount of ammonium persulfate (APS), the amount of PAA‐b‐PS and the mass ratio of monomers on emulsion polymerization and film properties are discussed. The particle morphology exhibited spherical‐like structure with particles of about 90 nm in diameter and relatively narrow particle size distribution characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic laser scattering. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectra showed that the styrene/butyl acrylate emulsion was successfully synthesized. The monomer conversion increased initially with increasing amount of APS, from 0.4 up to 0.8 wt%, and then decreased. The particle size increased and its distribution decreased gradually with increasing amount of APS. The monomer conversion increased from 76.83 to 94.21% as the amount of PAA‐b‐PS increased from 3 to 4 wt%, and then decreased with further increase of PAA‐b‐PS. The particle size decreased and its distribution increased with increasing amount of PAA‐b‐PS. The water resistance and solvent resistance of the polymer films initially increased and then decreased with decreasing mass ratio of butyl acrylate to styrene. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry