bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Push‐out bond strength of gutta‐percha with a new bioceramic sealer in the presence or absence of smear layer
Authors: Shokouhinejad Noushin , Gorjestani Hedayat , Nasseh Allen Ali , Hoseini Atefeh , Mohammadi Maryam , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer) and AH Plus in the presence or absence of smear layer. Extracted single‐rooted human teeth were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1 and 3, the root canals were finally irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and smear layer was not removed, but in groups 2 and 4, the root canals were finally irrigated with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl in order to remove the smear layer. In groups 1 and 2, the root canals were obturated with gutta‐percha/AH Plus, but in groups 3 and 4, obturation was performed with gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer. Push‐out bond strength and failure modes were evaluated. The bond strength of gutta‐percha/AH Plus and gutta‐percha/EndoSequence BC Sealer was not significantly different (P = 0.89). The presence or absence of smear layer did not significantly affect the bond strength of filling materials (P = 0.69). The mode of bond failure was mainly cohesive for all groups. In conclusion, the bond strength of the new bioceramic sealer was equal to that of AH Plus with or without the smear layer.
Evaluation of the colour change in enamel and dentine promoted by the interaction between 2% chlorhexidine and auxiliary chemical solutions
Authors: Souza Matheus , Cecchin Doglas , Barbizam Joao V.B. , Almeida José F.A. , Zaia Alexandre Augusto , Gomes Brenda P.F.A. , Ferraz Caio C.R.
Published: May 2011

To evaluate the colour change in enamel and dentine, promoted by interaction of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Fragments containing enamel and dentine were obtained from the crowns of extracted bovine incisors. Before and after immersion of the samples in the substances, they were evaluated with reference to the colour of the enamel and dentine. The values obtained in numerical scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test. A colour change in the enamel and dentine in groups treated with CHX gel + NaOCl and CHX gel + NaOCl + EDTA, and a change in colour only in the dentine in groups treated with CHX solution + NaOCl and CHX solution + NaOCl + EDTA. When used prior to NaOCl, CHX has the ability to induce a colour change in dental structures.
Dental implants in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a retrospective and prospective study with review of the literature
Authors: Jensen J.L. , Brox H.T. , Storhaug K. , Ambjørnsen E. , Støvne S.A. , Bjørnland T.
Published: May 2011

Aim:  The aims of the present study were to retrospectively examine Norwegian patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and dental implants, and to prospectively study a group of patients with OI in need of such treatment. Our hypothesis was that implant treatment in these patients has approximately the same success rate as in healthy persons.

Study group:  Seven patients with a diagnosis of OI and a total of 26 dental implants were invited to participate in the retrospective study. The prospective part of the study included a total of 20 implants in seven patients.

Results:  The patients in the retrospective study were seen after an average of 74 months after loading, range 25–135 months. Two implants had been lost, both of them before prosthetic loading and in the same patient. Bone loss of 4 mm or more was seen around three implants in two patients. The patients in the prospective study were followed for a mean observation time of 20 months after loading, range 12–33 months. No implants were lost in that group, and only minimal bone loss was observed (less than 1 mm around two implants in one patient).

Conclusion:  In these OI patients, the total implant survival rate was 95.7%, being 93.3% in the retrospective group and 100% in the prospective group, respectively.
Intraspecies and interspecies hybrids in Haliotis: natural and experimental evidence and its impact on abalone aquaculture
Authors: Lafarga de la Cruz Fabiola , Gallardo‐Escárate Cristian
Published: May 2011

Abalone is a highly valued seafood in many parts of the world. Depending on size and species, it can fetch between US$15 and US$30 per kg in some markets. Because of its high value, abalone is cultured in several countries, including China, Australia, Japan, Chile, South Africa, Canada, Mexico, the USA and many other Asian countries, such as Thailand, the Philippines and Korea. Hybridization is widely used to improve specific traits in animal and agricultural stocks by using a new genetic conformation in the offspring. In general, hybridization offers several benefits in aquaculture conditions, such as improvements in growth rate, survival, food conversion and stress resistance (to temperature and disease). Under commercial conditions, hybrids make it possible to diversify the industry and to offer new products and gain new markets. This review examines evidence of wild and experimental hybridization among abalone species from several biogeographical areas worldwide, and provides information on the phenotype characteristics of artificially produced hybrid abalone. Genetic and phenotypic approaches were analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between the genetic variability and positive heterosis in hybrid crosses. In this review, we also reported embryonic and larval development of hybrid and genetic studies derived from gene expression analysis of thermal tolerance. Furthermore, alloenzyme, cytogenetic and molecular DNA markers were reviewed to certify the hybrid status in Haliotis. This review will also discuss the impact of intra and interspecies hybrids on abalone aquaculture worldwide.
Striped catfish farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: a tumultuous path to a global success
Authors: De Silva Sena S. , Phuong Nguyen T.
Published: May 2011

The striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) (Sauvage), also referred to as tra catfish or sutchi catfish, farming sector is an icon of aquaculture development in Vietnam and globally. Over a decade it has developed from a humble backyard operation to one that currently accounts for the production of over one million tonnes, employing over 180 000 rural poor, and generating an export income exceeding US$ 1.4 billion (2010). It accounts for the highest average production, ranging from 200 to 400 t ha−1 crop, ever recorded for the primary production sector. The system is integrated and incorporates seed production, fry to fingerling rearing and grow‐out, and is concentrated in a few provinces in the Mekong Delta (8°33′–10°55′N, 104°30′–106°50′E), along two branches of the Mekong River. In essence, perhaps, the initial trade restrictions on catfish exports to the USA provided the impetus and then the associated developments from 2002 to 2005 of the sector to a great extent in seeking new markets. The explosion of tra catfish farming has resulted in many competitive sectors challenging this ‘tra catfish’ invasion into a globalized market. These confrontations still exist with many instances of attempts to discredit the sector and discourage international consumers. However, the Vietnamese catfish sector is resilient and has managed to withstand such pressures and continues to thrive. This paper reviews the development of catfish farming in the Mekong Delta, its current status and what is required to sustain it as a major food source and livelihood provider.
A Meta‐Analysis of Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Antiplatelet Effect of Clopidogrel
Authors: Chen Mao , Wei Jia‐Fu , Xu Yuan‐Ning , Liu Xiao‐Jing , Huang De‐Jia
Published: May 2011

Previous mechanistic studies have suggested a possible interaction between proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) and clopidogrel. However, the results of clinical trials about the effects of PPIs on safety and efficacy of clopidogrel are controversial. The study sought to estimate the impact of PPIs on antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The study performed a meta‐analysis of comparative concomitant use of clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs studies published or presented to October 2010. Cardiovascular death, readmission for myocardial infarction/readmission for acute coronary syndrome, and nonfatal stroke were set as clinical endpoints. In randomized control trials (RCTs), the clinical endpoints risk ratio for clopidogrel with PPIs versus clopidogrel without PPIs was 1.20 (P= 0.34) in the random‐effects model and 1.03 (P= 0.63) in the fixed‐effects model. In observational studies, the risk ratio for the clinical endpoints for clopidogrel with PPI versus clopidogrel without PPI was 1.40 (P < 0.001) in the random‐effects model and 1.49 (P < 0.001) in the fixed‐effects model. Different assay methods showed that coadministration of clopidogrel with PPIs was associated with attenuation of clopidogrel's antiplatelet effect in vitro. This meta‐analysis indicated an obvious discrepancy between RCTs and observational studies with respect to the interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel.
Detection rate of lung cancer among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients regularly followed up by pulmonary physicians
Authors: Laisaar Tanel , Lill Hille , Kullamaa Anneli , Jõgi Rain
Published: May 2011

Background:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been found to be an independent risk factor for lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether regular follow up of COPD patients increases the diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage.

Methods:  Case reports of 105 male moderate to severe COPD patients who participated in a clinical study were analyzed retrospectively. Throughout the 3‐year study period patients regularly visited a pulmonary physician. Investigations to detect lung cancer were ordered only with the presence of symptoms. The lung cancer incidence in the study group was compared to that of general male population matched by age.

Results:  At the beginning of the study the mean age was 67 (range 55–81) years, mean smoking history 36.2 (range 11–102) years and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 43.3% (range 22.7–59.7). During the study six lung cancers and five other cancers were diagnosed per 287 person‐years of observation. Only one lung cancer was operable, others were locally advanced or had distant metastases.

Conclusions:  Despite the patients being followed up regularly by a pulmonary physician, most cancers were diagnosed at an advanced stage. The relative risk of getting lung cancer was 6.0 times higher (95% CI 2.7–13.3) among COPD patients than among the general population. The current study confirms that COPD patients have an increased risk of lung cancer. Moreover simple regular follow up of patients without special lung cancer screening investigations do not help to detect the cancer in its early stage. This study stresses the need to establish a more detailed follow‐up program for COPD patients to detect early lung cancer in this high risk population.
Comparisons of computed tomography, contrast enhanced computed tomography and standing low‐field magnetic resonance imaging in horses with lameness localised to the foot. Part 1: Anatomic visualisation scores
Authors: VALLANCE S. A. , BELL R. J. W. , SPRIET M. , KASS P. H. , PUCHALSKI S. M.
Published: May 2011

Reasons for performing study: To date, few reports exist comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for imaging of the equine distal limb, yet clinicians are required to decide which modality to use regularly.

Objectives: To report and compare anatomic visualisation scores obtained for CT, contrast enhanced CT (CECT) and standing low‐field MRI (LFMRI) in the equine foot.

Hypothesis: Anatomic visualisation score discrepancies would exist between CT, CECT and LFMRI.

Methods: Images of 22 lame horses (31 limbs) undergoing both CT and LFMRI of the foot were reviewed. When available, CECT images were reviewed. The deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) was categorised into proximal to distal levels (A–D), structures were assigned visualisation scores (Grades 0–3) and technique comparisons were made using the paired marginal homogeneity test.

Results: Computed tomography and LFMRI had similar visibility scores for the navicular bone, middle phalanx, DDFT‐B, collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and collateral sesamoidean ligament of the navicular bone. The proximal and distal phalanx had lower visibility scores with LFMRI. The distal DDFT (C–D), distal sesamoidean impar ligament and synovial structures had higher scores with LFMRI. Contrast enhanced CT lowered DDFT and collateral sesamoidean ligament scores and raised distal interphalangeal synovium CT visualisation scores.

Conclusions and potential relevance: Visualisation scores differ depending on imaging technique and anatomic structure of interest. This information increases our understanding of the limitations of CT, CECT and LFMRI to visualise anatomy in clinical cases.
Maternal and paternal effects on fitness correlates in outbred and inbred Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Houde Aimee Lee S. , Fraser Dylan J. , O’Reilly Patrick , Hutchings Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2011

Small populations are at risk of fitness reductions due to inbreeding depression and the loss of within-population genetic diversity. Although this risk can be mitigated by interpopulation outbreeding, any increases in genetic variability may be offset by reductions in fitness attributable to outbreeding depression. Here, we evaluate the risks of inbreeding and outbreeding by quantifying changes in survival and seven other fitness-related traits expressed in early life (e.g., specific growth rate, development time), using three small and neighbouring populations of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) reared under a common-garden experimental protocol. After accounting for parental (maternal and paternal) effects on several traits (which differed between pure and F1outbred parents), we detected no significant cross type-level differences between inbred and pure (non-inbred, within-population) cross types, outbred and pure cross types, or inbred and outbred cross types. The extent to which parental effects on fitness-related traits might be considered beneficial or detrimental cannot be reliably determined in the absence of information on the adaptive significance of the trait values in the local environment.
ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES WITH ARBITRARY INDEX PROFILE USING AN IMMERSED INTERFACE METHOD
Authors: HORIKIS THEODOROS P.
Published: May 2011

A numerical technique is described that can efficiently compute solutions of interface problems. These are problems with data, such as the coefficients of differential equations, discontinuous or even singular across one or more interfaces. A prime example of these problems are optical waveguides, and as such the scheme is applied to Maxwell's equations as they are formulated to describe light confinement in Bragg fibers. It is based on standard finite differences appropriately modified to take into account all possible discontinuities across the waveguide's interfaces due to the change of the refractive index. Second- and fourth-order schemes are described with additional adaptations to handle matrix eigenvalue problems, demanding geometries and defects.
DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF γ-RAY MULTIPLICITY IN HEAVY ION FUSION–FISSION REACTIONS BASED ON LANGEVIN EQUATIONS
Authors: PAHLAVANI M. R. , NADERI D. , MIRFATHI S. M.
Published: May 2011

In induced fusion–fission reaction, resultant compound system loses a part of its energy via γ-ray emission both before and after scission point that can be measured using proper apparatus. A dynamical Monte Carlo simulation based on the multi-dimensional Langevin equations (L.E) has been applied to obtain γ-ray multiplicity emitted from highly excited compound nucleus. In this study, γ-ray multiplicity has been calculated following the 19 F +232 Th , 12 C +232 Th and 16 O +232 Th reactions. Comparison of calculated results for symmetry and asymmetry fission show γ-ray multiplicity in symmetry fission is higher than asymmetry fission especially in higher energies.
MOST ATTRACTIVE CHANNEL FOR SELF-BREAKING OF GRAND UNIFICATION GROUP SYMMETRY
Authors: UEKUSA NOBUHIRO
Published: May 2011

Most attractive channel is studied for SU(5) grand unified theory in five dimensions where 5* and 10 fermions and a 24 gauge boson propagate in the bulk. If there are bulk fermions with zero mode for the chirality opposite to quark and lepton multiplets, they can contribute to forming 5, 24, 50 and 75 scalar bound states. We find that the inclusion of a simple anomaly-free set for zero mode yields scalar bound states whose binding strengths are the largest for 24 and the second largest for 5. This corresponds to the breaking pattern of the SU(5) to color and electromagnetism via the standard model gauge group.
GAUGED WZW MODELS VIA EQUIVARIANT COHOMOLOGY
Authors: GARCÍA-COMPEÁN HUGO , PANIAGUA PABLO
Published: May 2011

The problem of finding a systematic computation of the gauge-invariant extension of WZW term by using equivariant cohomology is addressed. Witten's analysis for the two-dimensional case is extended to higher dimensions, in particular to four dimensions. It is shown that Cartan's model is used to find the anomaly cancellation condition while Weil's model is more appropriated to express the gauge-invariant extension of the WZW term. In the process we point out that both models are also useful to emphasize some nice relations with the Abelian anomaly.
THE ANALOGUE OF THE AHARONOV–BOHM EFFECT FOR BOUND STATES FOR NEUTRAL PARTICLES
Authors: BAKKE KNUT , FURTADO C.
Published: May 2011

We study the analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states for a neutral particle with a permanent magnetic dipole moment interacting with an external field. We consider a neutral particle confined to moving between two coaxial cylinders and show the dependence of the energy levels on the Aharonov-Casher quantum flux. Moreover, we show that the same flux dependence of the bound states can be found when the neutral particle is confined to a one-dimensional quantum ring and a quantum dot, and we also calculate the persistent currents in each case.
A TOY MODEL FOR SCALARS IN TRANSIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: DARIESCU CIPRIAN , DARIESCU MARINA-AURA
Published: May 2011

We consider a special magnetic field, as for example the one in the crust of a magnetar, and solve the Klein–Gordon equation describing scalars evolving in such a configuration. For the wave number inside some computable ranges, the amplitude function of the charged boson is very sensitive to the magnetic field induction, turning from oscillatory to exponentially growing modes along Oz. One can recover the periodic behavior characterized by stationary amplitudes, by adding a self-interaction contribution to the spontaneously broken Lagrangian.
REDUCED QUANTUM TOPOLOGICAL TRAJECTORY IN COHERENCE AND DECOHERENCE
Authors: SHI XUGUANG , DUAN YISHI
Published: May 2011

We have studied the topological expression of the reduced quantum trajectory using ϕ-mapping topological current theory and reduced density matrix theory. Moreover, we have proposed a new topological expression called the reduced quantum topological trajectory. Ignoring the coefficients of the winding number, we have found that the expression for the reduced quantum topological trajectory is the same for coherence as it is for decoherence. Under certain conditions, the vorticity of the reduced quantum topological trajectory is a topological invariant.
DETECTION OF SOLAR NEUTRINOS BY COHERENT SCATTERING IN HIGH-DEBYE TEMPERATURE MONOCRYSTALS
Authors: CRUCERU MADALINA , NICOLESCU G. , DULIU O. G. , CRUCERU I.
Published: May 2011

The possibility of detecting solar neutrinos by coherent scattering in high-Debye temperature monocrystals such as sapphire is presented and discussed. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the solar neutrinos flux (0–430 keV) produces an observable torque of a high-sensitive torsion balance. Our experiments give a result for the diurnal force as predicted by Weber's theory of enhanced solar neutrinos coherent scattering.
PRODUCTION OF NON-ABELIAN TENSOR GAUGE BOSONS TREE AMPLITUDES AND BCFW RECURSION RELATION
Authors: GEORGIOU GEORGE , SAVVIDY GEORGE
Published: May 2011

The BCFW recursion relation is used to calculate tree-level scattering amplitudes in generalized Yang–Mills theory and, in particular, four-particle amplitudes for the production rate of non-Abelian tensor gauge bosons of arbitrary high spin in the fusion of two gluons. The consistency of the calculations in different kinematical channels is fulfilled when all dimensionless cubic coupling constants between vector bosons and high spin non-Abelian tensor gauge bosons are equal to the Yang–Mills coupling constant. We derive a generalization of the Parke–Taylor formula in the case of production of two tensor gauge bosons of spin-s and N gluons (jets). The expression is holomorphic in the spinor variables of the scattered particles, exactly as the MHV gluon amplitude is, and reduces to the gluonic MHV amplitude when s = 1.
FIELD THEORY OF MASSIVE AND MASSLESS VECTOR PARTICLES IN THE DUFFIN–KEMMER–PETIAU FORMALISM
Authors: KRUGLOV S. I.
Published: May 2011

Field theory of massive and massless vector particles is considered in the first-order formalism. The Hamiltonian form of equations is obtained after the exclusion of nondynamical components. We obtain the canonical and symmetrical Belinfante energy–momentum tensors and their nonzero traces. We note that the dilatation symmetry is broken in the massive case but in the massless case the modified dilatation current is conserved. The canonical quantization is performed and the propagator of the massive fields is found in the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau formalism.
THE EXACT ELECTRON PROPAGATOR IN A MAGNETIC FIELD AS THE SUM OVER LANDAU LEVELS ON A BASIS OF THE DIRAC EQUATION EXACT SOLUTIONS
Authors: KUZNETSOV A. V. , OKRUGIN A. A.
Published: May 2011

The exact propagator for an electron in a constant uniform magnetic field as the sum over Landau levels is obtained using the direct derivation by standard methods of quantum field theory from exact solutions to the Dirac equation in the magnetic field. The result can be useful for further development of the calculation technique of quantum processes in an external active medium, particularly in the conditions of moderately large field strengths when it is insufficient to take into account only the ground Landau level contribution.
ALTERNATIVE CONFORMAL QUANTUM MECHANICS
Authors: HO S.-H.
Published: May 2011

We investigate a one-dimensional quantum mechanical model, which is invariant under translations and dilations but does not respect the conventional conformal invariance. We describe the possibility of modifying the conventional conformal transformation such that a scale invariant theory is also invariant under this new conformal transformation.
MONTE CARLO CALCULATION OF THE LATERAL CASIMIR FORCES BETWEEN RECTANGULAR GRATINGS WITHIN THE FORMALISM OF LATTICE QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
Authors: PAVLOVSKY OLEG , ULYBYSHEV MAXIM
Published: May 2011

We propose a new Monte Carlo method for calculation of the Casimir forces. Our method is based on the formalism of noncompact lattice quantum electrodynamics. This approach has been tested in the simplest case of two ideal conducting planes. After this the method has been applied to the calculation of the lateral Casimir forces between two ideal conducting rectangular gratings. We compare our calculations with the results of PFA and "Optimal" PFA methods.
STRATEGIES TO LINK TINY NEUTRINO MASSES WITH HUGE MISSING MASS OF THE UNIVERSE
Authors: FARZAN Y.
Published: May 2011

With the start of the LHC, interest in electroweak scale models for the neutrino mass has grown. In this paper, we review two specific models that simultaneously explain neutrino masses and provide a suitable DM candidate. We discuss the implications of these models for various observations and experiments including the LHC, Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) rare decays, direct and indirect dark matter searches and kaon decay.
NEW RESULT OF DIRECT CP VIOLATION IN B → π+π-π+π-
Authors: LÜ GANG , ZHANG ZHEN-HUA , LIU XIU-YING , ZHANG LI-YING
Published: May 2011

In the framework of factorization, based on the first-order of isospin violation, we study direct CP violation in the decay of [Formula: see text] including the effect of ρ–ω mixing. The CP violation depends strongly on Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements and the effective parameter, Nc. Recently, the experimental data for the branching ratios of [Formula: see text] are accurate and we can give the strong constraint on the range of Nc. We find that the CP violating asymmetry is large and ranges from -82% to -98% via ρ–ω mixing mechanism when the invariant mass of the π+π- pair is in the vicinity of the ω resonance. We also discuss the possibility to observe the predicted CP violating asymmetries at the LHC.
REPRESENTATION DEPENDENCE OF SUPERFICIAL DEGREE OF DIVERGENCES IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
Authors: SHALABY ABOUZEID M.
Published: May 2011

In this work, we investigate a very important but unstressed result in the work of C. M. Bender, J.-H. Chen, and K. A. Milton, J. Phys. A39, 1657 (2006). These authors have calculated the vacuum energy of the iϕ3 scalar field theory and its Hermitian equivalent theory up to g4 order of calculations. While all the Feynman diagrams of the iϕ3 theory are finite in 0+1 space–time dimensions, some of the corresponding Feynman diagrams in the equivalent Hermitian theory are divergent. In this work, we show that the divergences in the Hermitian theory originate from superrenormalizable, renormalizable and nonrenormalizable terms in the interaction Hamiltonian even though the calculations are carried out in the 0+1 space–time dimensions. Relying on this interesting result, we raise a question: Is the superficial degree of divergence of a theory is representation dependent? To answer this question, we introduce and study a class of non-Hermitian quantum field theories characterized by a field derivative interaction Hamiltonian. We showed that the class is physically acceptable by finding the corresponding class of metric operators in a closed form. We realized that the obtained equivalent Hermitian and the introduced non-Hermitian representations have coupling constants of different mass dimensions which may be considered as a clue for the possibility of considering nonrenormalizability of a field theory as a nongenuine problem. Besides, the metric operator is supposed to disappear from path integral calculations which means that physical amplitudes can be fully obtained in the simpler non-Hermitian representation.
A NEAR HORIZON CFT DUAL FOR KERR–NEWMAN AdS
Authors: BUTTON BRADLY K. , RODRIGUEZ LEO , WHITING CATHERINE A. , YILDIRIM TUNA
Published: May 2011

We show that the near horizon regime of a Kerr–Newman AdS (KNAdS) black hole, given by its two-dimensional analogue a là Robinson and Wilczek (Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 011303 (2005)), is asymptotically AdS2 and dual to a one-dimensional quantum conformal field theory (CFT). The s-wave contribution of the resulting CFT's energy–momentum tensor together with the asymptotic symmetries, generate a centrally extended Virasoro algebra, whose central charge reproduces the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy via Cardy's formula. Our derived central charge also agrees with the near extremal Kerr/CFT correspondence (Phys. Rev. D80, 124008 (2009)) in the appropriate limits. We also compute the Hawking temperature of the KNAdS black hole by coupling its Robinson and Wilczek two-dimensional analogue (RW2DA) to conformal matter.
ELECTROWEAK RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINOS AND NEW HIGGS SIGNALS AT THE LHC
Authors: DÍAZ-CRUZ J. L. , FÉLIX-BELTRÁN O. , ROSADO A. , ROSADO-NAVARRO S.
Published: May 2011

We explore some aspects of the phenomenology of the Higgs sector in a model that includes right-handed neutrinos, with a mass of the order of the electroweak scale. In this model all scales arise from spontaneous symmetry breaking, thus the Higgs sector includes an extra Higgs singlet, in addition to the Standard Model Higgs doublet. The scalar spectrum includes two neutral CP-even states (h and H, with mh < mH) and a neutral CP-odd state (σ) that can be identified as a pseudo-Majoron. The parameter of the Higgs potential are constrained using a perturbativity criteria, which amounts to solve the corresponding RGE. The relevant Higgs branching ratios and some cross-sections are discussed, with special emphasis on the detection of the invisible Higgs signal at the LHC.
ON THE THERMAL PHASE STRUCTURE OF QCD AT VANISHING CHEMICAL POTENTIALS
Authors: KABANA SONIA , MINKOWSKI PETER
Published: May 2011

The hypothesis is investigated, that the thermal structure of QCD phases at and near zero chemical potentials is determined by long range coherence, inducing the gauge boson pair condensate, and its thermal extension, representing a fundamental order parameter. A consistent model for thermal behavior including interactions is derived in which the condensate does not produce any latent heat as it vanishes at the critical temperature inducing a second-order phase transition with respect to energy density neglecting eventual numerically small critical exponents. Localization and delocalization of color fields are thus separated by a unique critical temperature.
IMPEDANCE PREDICTION FOR SEVERAL POROUS LAYERS ON A MOVING PLATE: APPLICATION TO A PLATE COUPLED TO AN AIR CAVITY
Authors: SAGARTZAZU X. , HERVELLA-NIETO L.
Published: May 2011

This paper presents the problem of modeling poroelastic material on a moving structure. It presents the ambiguity of using estimated or measured surface impedance on a rigid structure as opposed to transfer impedance, which takes into account the movement of the structure to which a porous material is fixed. Biot's model for prediction of surface impedance is presented, and the transfer impedance is defined on the basis of this model. A case where several layers of porous material are fixed to a moving wall is also studied. Finally, it presents the level of agreement with experimental measurements in a coupled fluid–structure problem when an impedance considering a fixed structure and an impedance considering a moving structure are used.
METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION OF ACOUSTIC INVERSE PROBLEMS
Authors: VAN LEIJEN A. VINCENT , ROTHKRANTZ LEON , GROEN FRANS
Published: May 2011

Swift solving of geoacoustic inverse problems strongly depends on the application of a global optimization scheme. Given a particular inverse problem, this work aims to answer the questions how to select an appropriate metaheuristic search strategy, and how to configure it for optimal performance. Four state-of-the-art metaheuristics have been selected for this study; these are simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, ant colony optimization, and differential evolution. To make a careful comparison, each of these metaheuristic optimizers has been configured for two real-world geoacoustic inverse problems. The influence and sensitivity of specific performance parameters have been studied by analysis of repeated problem-solving. It is concluded that a proper configuration and tuning is just as important as selection of the best optimization scheme. The application in this work is geoacoustic inversion, but the argumentation on selecting and configuring an appropriate metaheuristic has potential for any indirect inverse problem.
HIGHER INDICATORS FOR SOME GROUPS AND THEIR DOUBLES
Authors: KEILBERG MARC
Published: May 2011

In this paper we explicitly determine all indicators for groups isomorphic to the semidirect product of two cyclic groups by an automorphism of prime order, as well as the generalized quaternion groups. We then compute the indicators for the Drinfel'd doubles of these groups. This first family of groups include the dihedral groups, the non-abelian groups of order pq, and the semidihedral groups. We find that the indicators are all integers, with negative integers being possible in the first family only under certain specific conditions.
Trapping of BMP receptors in distinct membrane domains inhibits their function in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Jiang Yaxin , Nohe Anja , Bragdon Beth , Tian Chunhong , Rudarakanchana Nung , Morrell Nicholas W. , Petersen Nils O.
Published: May 2011

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are pleiotrophic growth factors that influence diverse processes such as skeletal development, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. They play crucial roles in diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In PAH, mutants of the BMP type II receptors (BMPR2) were detected, and their functions were impaired during BMP signaling. It is thought that expression levels of these receptors determine the fate of BMP signaling, with low levels of expression leading to decreased Smad activation in PAH. However, our studies demonstrate, for the first time, that the localization of receptors on the plasma membrane, in this case BMPR2, was misdirected. Three BMPR2 mutants, D485G, N519K, and R899X, which are known to be involved in PAH, were chosen as our model system. Our results show that all three BMPR2 mutants decreased BMP-dependent Smad phosphorylation and Smad signaling. Although the three mutants reached the cell membrane and their expression was lower than that of BMPR2, they formed smaller clusters and associated differently with membrane domains, such as caveolae and clathrin-coated pits. The disruption of these domains restored the Smad signaling of D485G and N519K to the level of wild-type BMPR2, showing that these mutants were trapped in the domains, rather than just expressed at a lower level on the surface. Therefore, new treatment options for PAH should also target receptor localization, rather than just expression level.
Protective Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Glutathione in a Human Epidermal Model Exposed to a Mustard Gas Analog
Authors: Paromov Victor , Kumari Sudha , Brannon Marianne , Kanaparthy Naga S. , Yang Hongsong , Smith Milton G. , Stone William L.
Published: May 2011

Sulfur mustard or mustard gas (HD) and its monofunctional analog, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), or “half-mustard gas,” are alkylating agents that induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. HD/CEES are rapidly absorbed in the skin causing extensive injury. We hypothesize that antioxidant liposomes that deliver both water-soluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants protect skin cells from immediate CEES-induced damage via attenuating oxidative stress. Liposomes containing water-soluble antioxidants and/or lipid-soluble antioxidants were evaluated usingin vitromodel systems. Initially, we found that liposomes containing encapsulated glutathione (GSH-liposomes) increased cell viability and attenuated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells exposed to CEES. Next, GSH-liposomes were tested in a human epidermal model, EpiDerm. In the EpiDerm, GSH-liposomes administered simultaneously or 1 hour after CEES exposure (2.5 mM) increased cell viability, inhibited CEES-induced loss of ATP and attenuated changes in cellular morphology, but did not reduce caspase-3 activity. These findings paralleled the previously describedin vivoprotective effect of antioxidant liposomes in the rat lung and established the effectiveness of GSH-liposomes in a human epidermal model. This study provides a rationale for use of antioxidant liposomes against HD toxicity in the skin considering further verification in animal models exposed to HD.
Isometric and Closed‐Range Composition Operators between Bloch‐Type Spaces
Authors: Zorboska Nina
Published: May 2011

We present an overview of the known results describing the isometric and
closed‐range composition operators on different types of holomorphic function spaces.
We add new results and give a complete characterization of the isometric univalently
induced composition operators acting between Bloch‐type spaces. We also add few
results on the closed‐range determination of composition operators on Bloch‐type spaces
and present the problems that are still open.
The Iterative Solution for Electromagnetic Field Coupling to Buried Wires
Authors: Zhang Xufeng , Luo Jianshu , Zhao Zipeng
Published: May 2011

By integrating the electric field integral equation and the transmission line equation, an iterative solution for the electromagnetic field coupling to buried wires is obtained. At first we establish the integral equation which the difference between solutions of the integral equation and the telegraph equation satisfies. Then the solution of the telegraph equation is used to approximate the solution of this integral equation. Every following step of iteration is an improvement on the transmission line solution, and with several iterations, a well approximation to the solution of electric field integral equation can be obtained.
Limit Cycle Predictions of Nonlinear Multivariable Feedback Control Systems with Large Transportation Lags
Authors: Tsay Tain-Sou
Published: May 2011

A practical method is developed for limit‐cycle predictions in the nonlinear multivariable feedback control systems with large transportation lags. All nonlinear elements considered are linear independent. It needs only to check maximal or minimal frequency points of root loci of equivalent gains for finding a stable limit‐cycle. This reduces the computation effort dramatically. The information for stable limit‐cycle checking can be shown in the parameter plane also. Sinusoidal input describing functions with fundamental components are used to find equivalent gains of nonlinearities. The proposed method is illustrated by a simple numerical example and applied to one 2 × 2 and two 3 × 3 complicated nonlinear multivariable feedback control systems. Considered systems have large transportation lags. Digital simulation verifications give calculated results provide accurate limit cycle predictions of considered systems. Comparisons are made also with other methods in the current literature.
Age-Related Increase in the Number of Oligodendrocytes Is Dysregulated in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Authors: Vostrikov Victor , Uranova Natalya
Published: May 2011

The postnatal maturation of the human prefrontal cortex is associated with substantial increase of number of oligodendrocytes. Previously, we reported decreased numerical density of oligodendrocytes in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders. To gain further understanding of the role oligodendrocytes in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and mood disorders, we examined the effect of the age on the number of oligodendrocytes in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. We revealed the age-related increase in numerical density of oligodendrocytes in layer VI and adjacent white matter of BA10 and BA 9 in normal controls but not in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The absence of normal increase in the number of oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter with age in schizophrenia and mood disorders suggests that age-related process of oligodendrocyte increase is dysregulated in schizophrenia and mood disorders.
Sequence Analysis of theUCP1Gene in a Severe Obese Population from Southern Italy
Authors: Labruna Giuseppe , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Fortunato Giuliana , Nardelli Carmela , Finelli Carmine , Farinaro Eduardo , Contaldo Franco , Sacchetti Lucia
Published: May 2011

Brown adipose tissue, where Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) activity uncouples mitochondrial respiration, is an important site of facultative energy expenditure. This tissue may normally function to prevent obesity. Our aim was to investigate by sequence analysis the presence ofUCP1gene variations that may be associated with obesity. We studied 100 severe obese adults (BMI > 40 kg/m2) and 100 normal-weight control subjects (BMI range = 19–24.9 kg/m2). We identified 7 variations in the promoter region, 4 in the intronic region and 4 in the exonic region. Globally, 72% of obese patients boreUCP1polymorphisms. AmongUCP1variants, g.IVS4−208T>G SNP was associated with obesity (OR: 1.77; 95% CI = 1.26–2.50;P=.001). Further, obese patients bearing the g.−451C>T (CT+TT) or the g.940G>A (GA+AA) genotypes showed a higher BMI than not polymorphic obese patients (P=.008andP=.043, resp.). In conclusion,UCP1SNPs could represent “thrifty” factors that promote energy storage in prone subjects.
Micropower Impulse Radar: A Novel Technology for Rapid, Real-Time Detection of Pneumothorax
Authors: Levy Phillip D. , Wielinski Tracey , Greszler Alan
Published: May 2011

Pneumothorax detection in emergency situations must be rapid and at the point of care. Current standards for detection of a pneumothorax are supine chest X-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans. Unfortunately these tools and the personnel necessary for their facile utilization may not be readily available in acute circumstances, particularly those which occur in the pre-hospital setting. The decision to treat therefore, is often made without adequate information. In this report, we describe a novel hand-held device that utilizes Micropower Impulse Radar to reliably detect the presence of a pneumothorax. The technology employs ultra wide band pulses over a frequency range of 500 MHz to 6 GHz and a proprietary algorithm analyzes return echoes to determine if a pneumothorax is present with no user interpretation required. The device has been evaluated in both trauma and surgical environments with sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 85%. It is has the CE Mark and is available for sale in Europe. Post market studies are planned starting in May of 2011. Clinical studies to support the FDA submission will be completed in the first quarter of 2012.
Mittag‐Leffler Functions and Their Applications
Authors: Haubold H. J. , Mathai A. M. , Saxena R. K.
Published: May 2011

Motivated essentially by the success of the applications of the Mittag‐Leffler functions in many areas
of science and engineering, the authors present, in a unified manner, a detailed account or rather a brief
survey of the Mittag‐Leffler function, generalized Mittag‐Leffler functions, Mittag‐Leffler type functions,
and their interesting and useful properties. Applications of G. M. Mittag‐Leffler functions in certain areas of
physical and applied sciences are also demonstrated. During the last two decades this function has come
into prominence after about nine decades of its discovery by a Swedish Mathematician Mittag‐Leffler,
due to the vast potential of its applications in solving the problems of physical, biological, engineering, and
earth sciences, and so forth. In this survey paper, nearly all types of Mittag‐Leffler type functions existing in the
literature are presented. An attempt is made to present nearly an exhaustive list of references concerning
the Mittag‐Leffler functions to make the reader familiar with the present trend of research in Mittag‐Leffler
type functions and their applications.
Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Kidney Glomerular Podocytes
Authors: Hattori Seisuke , Kanda Shoichiro , Harita Yutaka
Published: May 2011

During the last decade, several key molecules have been identified as essential components for the filtration barrier function of kidney glomerular podocytes. Mutations in genes encoding these molecules severely impair the podocyte architecture in the affected patients, leading to the development of proteinuria. Extensive investigations have been performed on the function of these molecules, which highlights the importance of tyrosine kinase signaling in the podocytes. An Src family tyrosine kinase, Fyn, plays a major role in this signaling pathway. Here, we review the current understanding of this important signal transduction system and its role in the development and the maintenance of podocytes.
Validity and Reliability of the Index of Self-Regulation Scale for Physical Activity in Older Korean Americans
Authors: Yeom Hye-A , Fleury Julie
Published: May 2011

The Korean version of the index of self-regulation (KISR) is a nine-item scale designed to measure individuals' level of self-regulation for physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the KISR, including reliability and validity, in a group of older Korean Americans. The KISR was administered to a sample of older Korean Americans at a baseline interview (Time 1) and 12 week followup (Time 2). The internal consistency of the KISR was high at both time points, with Cronbach's alphas of .94 and .95, respectively. The test-retest reliability was moderate-to-high at .68. There was evidence of construct validity of the KISR based on its moderate to high significant correlations with theoretically relevant variables, including motivational appraisal and self-efficacy for physical activity. A principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation resulted in two factors, explaining 89% of the variance. The KISR is a reliable and valid measure to assess the level of self-regulation for physical activity behavior in older Korean Americans.
Principal Functions of Non‐Selfadjoint Sturm‐Liouville Problems with Eigenvalue‐Dependent Boundary Conditions
Authors: Yokuş Nihal
Published: May 2011

We consider the operator L generated in L2(ℝ+) by the differential expression l(y) = −y″ + q(x)y, x ∈ ℝ+ : = [0, ∞) and the boundary condition y′(0)/y(0) = α0 + α1λ + α2λ2, where q is a complex‐valued function and αi ∈ ℂ, i = 0, 1, 2 with α2 ≠ 0. In this paper we obtain the properties of the principal functions corresponding to the spectral singularities of L.
Olfactory Delusional Syndrome and Intracranial Meningioma
Authors: Rotondo Michele , Natale Massimo , D'Avanzo Raffaele , Scuotto Assunta
Published: May 2011

We report the case of a 37-year-old female in which the removal of a suprasellar neoplasm was accompanied by the disappearance of a longstanding olfactory delusion syndrome. In primary care the patient condition was exclusively thought to be psychic in origin, neglecting the possible, not infrequent, organic contribution. The delayed diagnosis produced neurological impairment, only partially recovered after surgical therapy. This case might help to improve the patient management via multi-specialist cooperation and to broaden the knowledge about somatic mechanisms of psychic disturbances, are not often taken into account.
Isolation and Identification of Pyrene MineralizingMycobacteriumspp. from Contaminated and Uncontaminated Sources
Authors: Lease Christopher W. M. , Bentham Richard H. , Gaskin Sharyn E. , Juhasz Albert L.
Published: May 2011

Mycobacteriumisolates obtained from PAH-contaminated and uncontaminated matrices were evaluated for their ability to degrade three-, four- and five-ring PAHs. PAH enrichment studies were prepared using pyrene and inocula obtained from manufacturing gas plant (MGP) soil, uncontaminated agricultural soil, and faeces fromMacropus fuliginosus(Western Grey Kangaroo). Three pyrene-degrading microorganisms isolated from the corresponding enrichment cultures had broad substrate ranges, however, isolates could be differentiated based on surfactant, phenol, hydrocarbon and PAH utilisation. 16S rRNA analysis identified all three isolates asMycobacteriumsp. TheMycobacteriumspp. could rapidly degrade phenanthrene and pyrene, however, no strain had the capacity to utilise fluorene or benzo[a]pyrene. When pyrene mineralisation experiments were performed, 70–79% of added14C was evolved as14CO2after 10 days. The present study demonstrates that PAH degrading microorganisms may be isolated from a diverse range of environmental matrices. The present study demonstrates that prior exposure to PAHs was not a prerequisite for PAH catabolic activity for two of theseMycobacteriumisolates.