bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do clusters in phase-separating active matter systems grow? A study for Vicsek activity in systems undergoing vapor–solid transition
Authors: Paul Subhajit , Bera Arabinda , Das Subir K.
Published: November 2020

Via molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the kinetics of vapor–“solid” phase transition in an active matter model in which self-propulsion is introduced via the well-known Vicsek rule.
State-of-the-art advancements in photo-assisted CO2 hydrogenation: recent progress in catalyst development and reaction mechanisms
Authors: Yang Zhengyi , Qi Yuan , Wang Fenglong , Han Zejun , Jiang Yanyan , Han Hecheng , Liu Jiurong , Zhang Xue , Ong Wee Jun
Published: November 2020

The recent advances in photo-promoted CO2 hydrogenation over solid catalysts have been reviewed.
The regioisomeric bromination effects of fused-ring electron acceptors: modulation of the optoelectronic property and miscibility endowing the polymer solar cells with 15% efficiency
Authors: Jia Jianchao , Jing Jianhua , Jia Tao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jiabin , Huang Fei , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2020

Regioisomerically brominated fused-ring electron acceptors enable a high-performance PSC with 15.03% efficiency by delicately adjusting the optoelectronic property and miscibility.
Tungstate-modulated Ni/Ni(OH)2interface for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in neutral media
Authors: Tang Yuanhao , Dong Lin , Wu Hao Bin , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: November 2020

The intercalated tungstate enhances the neutral HER activity and stability of the Ni/Ni(OH)2interface by tuning its electronic structure.
Dihydroartemisinin loaded layered double hydroxide nanocomposites for tumor specific photothermal–chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Lu Jingsong , Guo Zhenhu , Che Shenglei , Gao Fei , Gu Zi , Xu Jianzhong , Chi Yongjie , Xu Wanling , Zhang Junxin , Takuya Nonaka , Yu Jing , Zhao Lingyun
Published: November 2020

With the inspiration to develop new cancer nanotherapeutics by repurposing old drugs, in the current study, we proposed dihydroartemisinin loaded layered double hydroxide with peroxide self-supplying property for enhanced photothermal–chemodynamic therapy.
In situ oxygenating and 808 nm light-sensitized nanocomposite for multimodal imaging and mitochondria-assisted cancer therapy
Authors: Gulzar Arif , He Fei , Gulzar Aanisa , Kuang Ye , Zhang Fangmei , Gai Shili , Yang Paioping , Wang Chen
Published: November 2020

The efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is severely constrained due to the innate hypoxic environment, besides the elevated level of glutathione (GSH).
Highly efficient nanomedicine from cationic antimicrobial peptide-protected Ag nanoclusters
Authors: Ye Zhikai , Zhu Haishuang , Zhang Shan , Li Jing , Wang Jin , Wang Erkang
Published: November 2020

Designing the homogeneous assembly of the bio–nano interface to fine-tune the interactions between the nanoprobes and biological systems is of prime importance to improve the antimicrobial efficiency of nanomedicines.
Carbon dots with positive surface charge from tartaric acid and m-aminophenol for selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Wang Huibo , Lu Fang , Ma Chongqing , Ma Yurong , Zhang Mengling , Wang Bo , Zhang Yue , Liu Yang , Huang Hui , Kang Zhenhui
Published: November 2020

Carbon dots with positive surface charge from tartaric acid and m-aminophenol for selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria.
Synthesis of single CsPbBr3@SiO2 core–shell particles via surface activation
Authors: Meng Cuifang , Yang Dandan , Wu Ye , Zhang Xuejia , Zeng Haibo , Li Xiaoming
Published: November 2020

Choosing (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane as the surface ligand of PQDs and controlling the hydrolysis rate of silane together determined the formation of the single CsPbBr3@SiO2 core–shell particles with greatly improved stability.
Biochemical and transcript level differences between the three human phosphofructokinases show optimisation of each isoform for specific metabolic niches
Authors: Fernandes Peter M. , Kinkead James , McNae Iain , Michels Paul A.M. , Walkinshaw Malcolm D.
Published: November 2020

6-Phosphofructokinase-1-kinase (PFK) tetramers catalyse the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F16BP). Vertebrates have three PFK isoforms (PFK-M, PFK-L, and PFK-P). This study is the first to compare the kinetics, structures, and transcript levels of recombinant human PFK isoforms. Under the conditions tested PFK-M has the highest affinities for F6P and ATP (K0.5ATP 152 µM; K0.5F6P 147 µM), PFK-P the lowest affinities (K0.5ATP 276 µM; K0.5F6P 1333 µM), and PFK-L demonstrates a mixed picture of high ATP affinity and low F6P affinity (K0.5ATP 160 µM; K0.5F6P 1360 µM). PFK-M is more resistant to ATP inhibition compared with PFK-L and PFK-P (respectively, 23%, 31%, 50% decreases in specificity constants). GTP is an alternate phospho donor. Interface 2, which regulates the inactive dimer to active tetramer equilibrium, differs between isoforms, resulting in varying tetrameric stability. Under the conditions tested PFK-M is less sensitive to fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP) allosteric modulation than PFK-L or PFK-P (allosteric constants [K0.5ATP+F26BP/K0.5ATP] 1.10, 0.92, 0.54, respectively). Structural analysis of two allosteric sites reveals one may be specialised for AMP/ADP and the other for smaller/flexible regulators (citrate or phosphoenolpyruvate). Correlations between PFK-L and PFK-P transcript levels indicate that simultaneous expression may expand metabolic capacity for F16BP production whilst preserving regulatory capabilities. Analysis of cancer samples reveals intriguing parallels between PFK-P and PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2), and simultaneous increases in PFK-P and PFKFB3 (responsible for F26BP production) transcript levels, suggesting prioritisation of metabolic flexibility in cancers. Our results describe the kinetic and transcript level differences between the three PFK isoforms, explaining how each isoform may be optimised for distinct roles.
Fasting blood glucose to HDL-C ratio as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients after PCI
Authors: Guo Qian-Qian , Zheng Ying-Ying , Tang Jun-Nan , Wu Ting-Ting , Yang Xu-Ming , Zhang Zeng-Lei , Zhang Jian-Chao , Yang Yi , Hou Xian-Geng , Cheng Meng-Die , Song Feng-Hua , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wang Kai , Jiang Li-Zhu , Fan Lei , Yue Xiao-Ting , Bai Yan , Dai Xin-Ya , Zheng Ru-Jie , Xie Xiang , Zhang Jin-Ying
Published: November 2020

Background The present study was to assess the prognostic value of fasting blood glucose to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (GHR) in non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results A total of 6645 non-diabetic patients from two independent cohorts, the CORFCHD-PCI study (n=4282) and the CORFCHD-ZZ (n=2363) study, were enrolled in Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups according to the GHR value. The primary outcome included all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). The average follow-up time was 36.51 ± 22.50 months. We found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of ACM (P=0.013) and CM (P=0.038). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed GHR as an independent prognostic factor for ACM. The incidence of ACM increased 1.284-times in patients in the higher GHR group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.284 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.010–1.631], P<0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that patients with high GHR value tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM. However, we did not find significant differences in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events, main/major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), stroke, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and bleeding events.

Conclusions The present study indicates that GHR index is an independent and novel predictor of ACM in non-diabetic CAD patients who underwent PCI.
An miRNA signature associated with tumor mutation burden in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Chen Lihua , Qin Mei , Lei Yajie , Li Tianjiao , Li Haoran , Cheng Xi
Published: November 2020

Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is an essential biomarker to predict immunotherapy response. TMB measurement was mainly evaluated by whole-exome sequencing (WES), which was costly and difficult to be widely applied. In the present study, we aimed to establish and validate a miRNA signature to predict TMB level in endometrial cancer using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. MiRNA expression and somatic mutation profiles of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) were downloaded from TCGA database. Total 518 patients with UCEC were randomly classified into training set (n=311) and validation set (n=207). Thirty-five differentially expressed miRNAs between high-TMB and low-TMB group were identified in training set. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was performed to select out 26 miRNAs to establish the optimal signature. The accuracy of the miRNA signature for predicting TMB level was 0.833 for training set, 0.749 for validation set and 0.799 for total set. Moreover, the miRNA signature had significant correlation with immune checkpoints related genes (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) and mismatch repair related genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH6) expression. In conclusion, this miRNA signature could predict TMB level in endometrial cancer and might have some merits in providing guidance for immunotherapy in endometrial cancer.
Research on plastic waste treatment
Authors: Ye Baolin
Published: November 2020

Plastics are widely used in our daily lives, and our lives cannot do without plastics. This paper introduces the concepts of relative irreplaceable coefficient and absolute irreplaceable coefficient, discusses the extent to which plastic waste can be reduced to an environmentally safe level, and reversely applies a health risk assessment model to describe the environmental safety level, and compares this safety level as a warning line for the amount of plastic waste.
Study on the gas sensitivity of vanadium-doped molybdenum disulfide to mustard gas
Authors: Wang Huaizhang , Wang Yangyang , Chi Pengbo , Jiang Huaning , Chen Jingfei , Li Ting , Liang Ting
Published: November 2020

As a graphene-like material, molybdenum disulfide has similar properties to graphene, but due to its excellent properties such as adjustable band gap, molybdenum disulfide has a broader application in many aspects (such as gas sensors). With the deepening of research, molybdenum disulfide cannot fully meet the needs of researchers due to defects and other reasons. Therefore, researches on doping and compounding of molybdenum disulfide have gradually attracted attention. At present, most of the research on gas sensitivity has focused on harmful gases (such as nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and carbon monoxide, etc.). There are few studies on the erosive chemical toxic mustard gas. In this paper, vanadium-doped molybdenum disulfide were prepared based on chemical vapor deposition, and the gas-sensitive response of vanadium-doped molybdenum disulfide to mustard gas was studied.
A Preliminary Study on Pollution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil around a Thermal Power Plant of Xi'an City
Authors: Yan Zhou
Published: November 2020

To understand the status and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in industrial areas in China. The total of 4 surface soil samples were collected from a thermal power plant of Xi’an. The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, the composition, source, pollution level and risk assessment of PAHs in surface soil of thermal power plant were studied. The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 3.28 to 8.88 μg•g-1, with a mean of 5.52 μg•g-1. The concentration of 7 carcinogenic PAHs (Σ7CPAHs) ranged from 1.52 to 4.82 μg•g-1, with a mean of 2.60 μg•g-1. The ∑PAHs in around thermal power plant surface soils of Xi’an belonged to serious pollution level. The PAHs in present study were mainly composed of medium molecular weight PAHs and high molecular weight PAHs, which have strong three effects. The results of source analysis showed that the PAHs in surface soil were mainly originated from the combustion of fossil oil, coal, wood and other biomass. The results of ecological risks of PAHs in the surface soil showed that all samples were polluted generally. The potential ecological risk of PAHs belonged to the serious level in individual PAHs and samples. There are two samples value of TEQBap exceed the security value 0.600 μg•g-1. Therefore, the environment of industrial areas should be attention and controlled.
Method for Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Coal-fired Unit Based on Environmental Protection and Reliability
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Zhenning , Cheng Tongrui , Li Jinjing , Bai Ling
Published: November 2020

As energy problem become more important, and nation require further intensify energy-saving work, coal-fired power plants begin to pay attention increasingly to the environmental protection and reliability. The study establishe a new method for the present coal-fired unit, that can overall evaluate environmental protection and reliability regularly. The running condition of a 600MW grade coal-fired unit in 2019 is take as an example for energy efficiency evaluation. The results prove that the method is simple andconvenient for the use. It can weigh the level of safety, energy saving, environmental protection technology and management for coal-fired power plants, and is important for advancing the firm’s core competence and long-term profitability.
Research on Intelligent Power Automation Technology Based on Edge Computing of Power Internet of Things
Authors: Zhiyong Su , Weiping Lai , Yanghua Zhang , Yanshan Huang
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of modern economy and the rapid promotion of science and technology, electricity is the realistic need for further transformation of various industries in contemporary society. Because the traditional power management mode is relatively backward and the automation level of different industries is uneven, these will limit the development of intelligent power automation. Therefore, based on the edge computing of power Internet of Things, this paper studies intelligent power automation technology, which is of great value for realizing power automation and improving the management level of power equipment. In this paper, aiming at the research of intelligent power automation technology, based on the edge computing of power Internet of Things, the Internet of Things system based on RFID technology is studied. This system constructs the basic architecture of Internet of Things for smart power applications. The architecture is composed of sensing layer, network layer and application layer, which is used to realize information collection, identification and transmission, and its application in the production management of power Internet of Things. This paper analyzes the functional requirements, factors to be considered, main features and main functions of power equipment management system, gives the design ideas of power equipment management system, and designs an intelligent power equipment system based on edge computing of power Internet of Things. The research results show that RFID technology based on edge computing of power Internet of Things is feasible to realize intelligent power automation, can solve some problems in current power technology, and is of great significance to realize intelligent power automation.
Magnetic field analysis of Primary Permanent Magnet Linear Motor Based on Halbach Distribution
Authors: Wang Xiuping , Li Yan , Yang Chuhan , Qu Chunyu
Published: November 2020

The rail transit system driven by linear motor has outstanding advantages in climbing ability, traction performance, vibration and noise. However, with the increase of traffic travel and other situations, how to ensure that the linear motor still has a large thrust and stability in the air gap condition is the key technical problem. In order to solve this problem, three Halbach permanent magnet array structures are proposed and applied to the magnetic barrier coupled primary permanent magnet unilateral excitation linear motor (MBCPPMUELM). The finite element software is used for simulation and analysis. By comparing the harmonic distribution of air gap magnetic field of the three Halbach permanent magnet array motors, a topology structure with high magnetic field modulation effect is obtained It provides a useful reference for the further design and analysis of this kind of motor.
Personalized computed tomography – Automated estimation of height and weight of a simulated digital twin using a 3D camera and artificial intelligence
Authors: Geissler Frederik , Heiß Rafael , Kopp Markus , Wiesmüller Marco , Saake Marc , Wuest Wolfgang , Wimmer Andreas , Prell Veronika , Uder Michael , May Matthias Stefan
Published: November 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for automated estimation of patient height and weight during computed tomography (CT) and to evaluate its accuracy in everyday clinical practice.

Materials and methods Depth images of 200 patients were recorded with a 3D camera mounted above the patient table of a CT scanner. Reference values were obtained using a calibrated scale and a measuring tape to train a machine learning algorithm that fits a patient avatar into the recorded patient surface data. The resulting algorithm was prospectively used on 101 patients in clinical practice and the results were compared to the reference values and to estimates by the patient himself, the radiographer and the radiologist. The body mass index was calculated from the collected values for each patient using the WHO formula. A tolerance level of 5 kg was defined in order to evaluate the impact on weight-dependent contrast agent dosage in abdominal CT.

Results Differences between values for height, weight and BMI were non-significant over all assessments (p > 0.83). The most accurate values for weight were obtained from the patient information (R² = 0.99) followed by the automated estimation via 3D camera (R² = 0.89). Estimates by medical staff were considerably less precise (radiologist: R² = 0.78, radiographer: R² = 0.77). A body-weight dependent dosage of contrast agent using the automated estimations matched the dosage using the reference measurements in 65 % of the cases. The dosage based on the medical staff estimates would have matched in 49 % of the cases.

Conclusion Automated estimation of height and weight using a digital twin model from 3D camera acquisitions provide a high precision for protocol design in computer tomography.

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Citation Format
Physicochemical Stability of Enriched Phenolic Fractions of Cyclopia genistoides and ex vivo Bi-directional Permeability of Major Xanthones and Benzophenones
Authors: Miller Neil , Malherbe Christiaan Johannes , Gerber Werner , Hamman Josias H. , van der Rijst Marieta , Aucamp Marique , Joubert Elizabeth
Published: November 2020

Fractions of an ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, respectively enriched in xanthones and benzophenones, were previously shown to inhibit mammalian α-glucosidase in vitro. The present study investigated ex vivo intestinal transport of these fractions, using excised porcine jejunal tissue, to determine whether the gut could be a predominant in vivo site of action. The major bioactive compounds, the xanthones (mangiferin, isomangiferin) and benzophenones (3-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone, 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone) exhibited poor permeation in the absorptive direction with a relatively high efflux ratio (efflux ratio > 1). The efflux ratio of 3-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (3.05) was similar to rhodamine 123 (2.99), a known substrate of intestinal P-glycoprotein 1 efflux transporters. Low epithelial membrane transport rates, coupled with efflux mechanisms, would effectively concentrate these bioactive compounds at the target site (gut lumen). Storage stability testing and moisture sorption assays of the xanthone-enriched fraction, benzophenone-enriched fraction, and ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract were performed to determine their susceptibility to physical and chemical degradation during storage. Hygroscopicity of the powders, indicated by moisture uptake, decreased in the order: benzophenone-enriched fraction (22.7%) > ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract (14.0%) > xanthone-enriched fraction (10.7%). 3-β-D-Glucopyranosylmaclurin, a minor benzophenone, was the least stable of the compounds, degrading faster in the benzophenone-enriched fraction than in ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, suggesting that the ultrafiltered extract matrix may provide a degree of protection against chemical degradation. Compound degradation during 12 wk of storage at 40 °C in moisture-impermeable containers was best explained by first order reaction kinetics.
Age Related Changes in Motor Function (II). Decline in Motor Performance Outcomes
Authors: Wu Rui , Ditroilo Massimiliano , Delahunt Eamonn , De Vito Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Age-related impairments in motor performance are caused by a deterioration in mechanical and neuromuscular functions, which have been investigated from the macro-level of muscle-tendon unit to the micro-level of the single muscle fiber. When compared to the healthy young skeletal muscle, aged skeletal muscle is: (1) weaker, slower and less powerful during the performance of voluntary contractions; (2) less steady during the performance of isometric contractions, particularly at low levels of force; and (3) less susceptible to fatigue during the performance of sustained isometric contractions, but more susceptible to fatigue during the performance of high-velocity dynamic contractions. These impairments have been discussed to be mainly the result of: a) loss of muscle mass and selective atrophy of type II muscle fibers; b) altered tendon mechanical properties (decreased tendon stiffness); c) reduced number and altered function of motor units; d) slower muscle fiber shortening velocity; e) increased oscillation in common synaptic input to motor neurons; and f) altered properties and activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this second part of a two-part review we have detailed the age-related impairments in motor performance with a reference to the most important mechanical and neuromuscular contributing factors.
Schwangere mit Gestationsdiabetes in Berlin – Perinataldatenanalyse mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Migrationsstatus
Authors: Hees Katrin Alexandra , Podkaminskij Seher , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Borde Theda , Klapp Christine , Henrich Wolfgang , David Matthias
Published: November 2020

Für Deutschland liegen bisher keine systematisch erhobenen Daten zur Betreuung von Migrantinnen mit Gestationsdiabetes (GDM) vor, obwohl die Anzahl von Migrantinnen in deutschen Geburtskliniken seit den 1980er Jahren kontinuierlich zunimmt.

Methodik Auf Grundlage der Fallzahlschätzung für diese prospektive Studie wurde der Einschluss von 160 GDM-Patientinnen+/- einer Drop-Out-Rate von 10 GDM-Patientinnen pro Gruppe, 90 mit Migrationshintergrund (MH) und 90 ohne MH, angestrebt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen zur Erhebung soziodemografischer Daten, Migration, Akkulturation und Ernährungsverhalten, sowie der Erfassung relevanter Perinataldaten (z. B. pränatales Schätzgewicht, Geburtsmodus, etc.) aus der peripartalen Betreuung.

Ergebnisse Zwischen Januar 2017 und Mai 2019 wurden 198 GDM-Patientinnen untersucht. Hiervon hatten 110 GDM-Patientinnen einen und 88 keinen MH. Die Indikation zur Geburtseinleitung aufgrund der Verdachtsdiagnose einer fetalen Makrosomie wurde ungefähr gleich häufig für die GDM-Patientinnen mit sowie ohne MH gestellt (mit MH 3,6% vs. ohne MH 4,6%, p=1,0, OR 1,73; 95%-KI 0,79–3,89, p=0,17). GDM-Patientinnen mit MH gebaren ihr Kind häufiger spontan (mit MH 55,5% vs. ohne MH 40,9%, p=0,05). Das perinatale Outcome war in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar.

Schlussfolgerungen Die Hypothese, dass bei GDM-Patientinnen mit MH häufiger Geburtseinleitungen aufgrund der Verdachtsdiagnose eines makrosomen Fetus erforderlich sind, wurde nicht bestätigt. Wesentliche neonatale Parameter wie Geburtsgewicht oder Verlegung der Neugeborenen waren ohne signifikante Unterschiede im Gruppenvergleich.
Cushing-Trias bei einem Patienten mit akuter, fataler Subarachnoidalblutung unter oraler Antikoagulation
Authors: Hottenbacher Lydia , Bohner Georg , Böhm Marko , Möckel Martin
Published: November 2020

Ein 72jähriger Patient erwacht morgens mit Thorax- und Nackenschmerzen. Bei Eintreffen des Rettungsdienstes wird er mit gering eingeschränkter Vigilanz (GCS14) im Sessel sitzend vorgefunden. Der Blutdruck liegt bei 185/100 mmHg, die Herzfrequenz bei 40/min und die Atemfrequenz schwankt irregulär zwischen 13 und 18/min im Sinne einer Cushing-Trias. Die sofortige CT-Diagnostik nach Einlieferung in die Notaufnahme ergibt eine ausgeprägte Subarachnoidalblutung. Eine sorgfältige präklinische Einschätzung und Verdachtsdiagnose erlaubt die zielgerichtete Weiterversorgung.
Identifizierung von Sprechermerkmalen durch Zuhörer unterschiedlicher Altersstufen und Expertise
Authors: Thiele Johanna Maria , Schade Götz
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwieweit Zuhörer bestimmte Merkmale ihnen unbekannter Sprecher anhand des alleinigen Hörens ihrer Stimmaufnahmen identifizieren können (physische Merkmale, Akzent/Dialekt, Rauchverhalten, Bildungsstand, Persönlichkeit, Erscheinungsbild). Es gab mehrere Zuhörergruppen unterschiedlicher Altersstufen und Expertise. Das Ziel der Arbeit war somit der Vergleich der Stimmerkennung von Kindern/Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen sowie von Laien und phonetisch geschulten Zuhörern.

Material und Methoden 197 Probanden, gegliedert in 4 Gruppen (Grundschüler, Gymnasiasten, Studierende, Fachärzte für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie), wurden Stimmaufnahmen von 23 Sprechern vorgespielt. Anhand dessen sollten sie einen Fragebogen über die Merkmale der Sprecher ausfüllen.

Ergebnisse Im Hinblick auf die einzelnen Merkmale erzielten die Probanden variable Ergebnisse und identifizierten Geschlecht, Alter, ausländische Akzente und teilweise Bildungsstand der Sprecher mit höherer Genauigkeit, während ihnen richtige Einschätzungen der anderen Kategorien wie Körpergröße, Body-Mass-Index, Dialekt und Rauchverhalten weniger häufig gelangen.

Die Zuhörer im Grundschulalter erreichten zwar in allen außer 2 Kategorien signifikant weniger korrekte Antworten als die Gymnasiasten, Studierenden und Phoniater, jedoch gelangen auch ihnen bereits häufig richtige Zuordnungen über dem Zufallsniveau. Die von Phoniatern und Studierenden als erwachsenen Laienhörern erzielten Ergebnisse unterschieden sich in keiner Kategorie signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Altersabhängigkeit der Stimmerkennung bzw. der dafür benötigten Fähigkeiten konnte bestätigt werden. Die professionell geschulten Zuhörer hatten keinen eindeutigen Vorteil gegenüber den erwachsenen phonetischen Laien.
Benchmarking definitions of false-positive alerts during computer-aided polyp detection in colonoscopy
Authors: Holzwanger Erik A. , Bilal Mohammad , Glissen Brown Jeremy R. , Singh Shailendra , Becq Aymeric , Ernest-Suarez Kenneth , Berzin Tyler M.
Published: November 2020

Background The occurrence of false-positive alerts is an important outcome measure in computer-aided colon polyp detection (CADe) studies. However, there is no consensus definition of a false positive in clinical trials evaluating CADe in colonoscopy. We aimed to study the diagnostic performance of CADe based on different threshold definitions for false-positive alerts.

Methods A previously validated CADe system was applied to screening/surveillance colonoscopy videos. Different thresholds for false-positive alerts were defined based on the time an alert box was continuously traced by the system. Primary outcomes were false-positive results and specificity using different threshold definitions of false positive.

Results 62 colonoscopies were analyzed. CADe specificity and accuracy were 93.2 % and 97.8 %, respectively, for a threshold definition of ≥ 0.5 seconds, 98.6 % and 99.5 % for a threshold definition of ≥ 1 second, and 99.8 % and 99.9 % for a threshold definition of ≥ 2 seconds.

Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated how different threshold definitions of false positive can impact the reported diagnostic performance of CADe for colon polyp detection.
Dual Roles of Rongalite: Reductive Coupling Reaction to Construct Thiosulfonates Using Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Ding Chengrong , Zhang Guofu , Fan Qiankun , Zhao Yiyong , Wang Huimin
Published: November 2020

A tunable and practical transformation of structurally diverse sulfonyl hydrazides into thiosulfonates in the presence of Rongalite (NaHSO2·CH2O) was developed. Transition-metal-free conditions, operational simplicity, and readily available reagents are the striking features of this protocol. It is the first example for the synthesis of thiosulfonates using sulfonyl hydrazides with the assistance of reductant. Additionally, the mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation probably undergoes via a reducing–coupling pathway.
Acetazolamide-Triggered Acute Flaccid Paralysis and Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy in a Toddler with Gastroenteritis: A Case Report
Authors: Green Jack , Nawathe Pooja
Published: November 2020

Acetazolamide is an infrequently prescribed medication in the outpatient pediatric setting, as one of its major indications is for the treatment of glaucoma, which is a largely adult disease. Though incredibly rare, serious neurologic side effects such as stroke, flaccid paralysis, and coma can occur after its administration. This case presentation of acute flaccid paralysis with metabolic derangement underscores the unusual, yet possible, toxic-metabolic and neurologic sequelae that can occur in an already acidotic host (in this case, caused by gastroenteritis) with acetazolamide ingestion. Life-threatening conditions must always be ruled out in patients who present with encephalopathy, but a medication history was crucial in clinching this case's unifying diagnosis. While there are case reports highlighting the rare central nervous system toxicities associated with acetazolamide ingestion, to our knowledge, none exist in the pediatric literature.
Two-dimensional WS2 crystals at predetermined locations by anisotropic growth during atomic layer deposition
Authors: Groven Benjamin , Tomczak Yoann , Heyns Marc , Radu Iuliana , Delabie Annelies
Published: November 2020

Anisotropic growth of two-dimensional (2D) tungsten disulfide (WS2) crystals occurs during atomic layer deposition (ALD) from WS2 seeds at predetermined locations on large area dielectric substrates. The number of ALD reaction cycles determines the lateral dimensions of the WS2 crystals. This 2D synthesis approach is compatible with temperature sensitive structures due to the low deposition temperature and can be extended to other 2D materials and heterostructures thereof. The crystallinity of the seed and the selectivity of ALD precursors toward seeds and underlying starting surface affect the structural quality of the 2D crystals.
Capacitively coupled discharge as a tunable impedance element for RF systems
Authors: Khomenko A. , Macheret S.
Published: November 2020

A concept of plasma-based reconfigurable radio-frequency (RF) components is studied experimentally. The concept's main idea is to control the real and imaginary parts of impedance experienced through a weak high-frequency signal applied to the RF discharge electrodes by varying the plasma excitation frequency and/or power. To prove the concept, an experimental setup was built that enabled the application of both strong plasma excitation RF and weak RF/microwave signals to the same set of electrodes. Three different plasma cells were examined. The largest system had 5 cm diameter electrodes with 2 cm gap, and the experiments were conducted in argon at 1 Torr. The impedance characteristics of the plasmas as experienced by the probing signal in the range of 270–3000 MHz demonstrated wide variability and a complex non-monotonic behavior at high frequencies. Experiments with a smaller cell that had 1 cm diameter electrodes and 2 mm gap also showed the controllability of the real and imaginary parts of the impedance, including transition from capacitive to inductive behavior. Because of the smaller size comparable with the probing signal wavelength, the high-frequency behavior of this system can be described with a simple lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model. The smallest system studied in this work utilized a commercial sealed gas discharge tube as an RF plasma cell and also demonstrated wide impedance tunability and transition from capacitive to inductive behavior. These results could potentially be useful for plasma-based electronically reconfigurable RF electronics, particularly in applications involving high power where alternative solutions experience problems.
Simulation of ion flux of actinides and uranium fission products in the plasma separator with a potential well
Authors: Smirnov V. S. , Egorov R. O. , Kislenko S. A. , Antonov N. N. , Smirnov V. P. , Gavrikov A. V.
Published: November 2020

This work is devoted to the development of a plasma mass separation method with a potential well for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. The configuration of the separation chamber with an axial magnetic field up to 0.25 T and a radial electric field up to 3 kV/m is considered. Using numerical simulation, we study the ion flux motion with the same mass composition as the spent nuclear fuel injected along magnetic field lines. The effect of fields and initial injection parameters on the spatial separation of actinides from uranium fission products is investigated. The simulation of the ion flux motion is also performed taking into account elastic collisions of ions with background gas atoms. Elastic collision cross sections for U+, Pu+, Cs+, and Sr+ ions in helium and argon are obtained theoretically. We show that in argon, the separation is possible up to a pressure of the order of 1 mTorr, while in helium, it is possible to separate elements by mass groups in the collisional regime at pressures up to about 10 mTorr.
Flow Z-pinch plasma production on the FuZE experiment
Authors: Stepanov A. D. , Shumlak U. , McLean H. S. , Nelson B. A. , Claveau E. L. , Forbes E. G. , Weber T. R. , Zhang Y.
Published: November 2020

The Fusion Z Pinch Experiment (FuZE) investigates sheared-flow stabilization of classic m = 0 and m = 1 instabilities in Z pinches with an embedded axial flow. FuZE consists of a 100 cm coaxial plasma accelerator, where neutral gas is ionized and accelerated in a pulsed electrical discharge, followed by a 50 cm assembly region, where pinches are formed. Maintaining the pinch requires continuous plasma injection provided by a deflagration mode in the coaxial accelerator. Two discharge modes, with and without deflagration, are investigated on FuZE. Pinch formation is observed with deflagration only. Plasma velocities in the assembly region are found to match the E × B velocity estimated in the accelerator based on a 1D circuit model, indicating that a 1D MHD approximation may offer a valid description of the plasma in the accelerator channel. The velocity of magnetic field propagation is found to agree with the snowplow model based on momentum conservation, and the lifetime of the pinch is shown to be in agreement with constraints imposed by mass conservation.
An ultra-high-vacuum rotating sample manipulator with cryogenic cooling
Authors: Tee X. Y. , Paré A. , Petrović A. P. , Panagopoulos C.
Published: November 2020

We report a homebuilt ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) rotating sample manipulator with cryogenic cooling. The sample holder is thermally anchored to a built-in cryogenic cold head through flexible copper beryllium strips, permitting continuous sample rotation. A similar contact mechanism is implemented for electrical wiring to the sample holder for thermometry. The apparatus thus enables continuous sample rotation at regulated cryogenic temperatures in a UHV environment. We discuss applications of this apparatus for cryogenic sputtering.
Digital speckle shearography setup to measure the field-induced strain map in piezoelectric materials
Authors: Hooshmand-Ziafi Helia , Hassani Khosrow , Motallebi-Araghi Morvarid , Dashtdar Masoomeh
Published: November 2020

Residual or induced strains are important factors in the performance of electronic devices, actuators, and sensors. In this paper, we report the application of digital speckle shearography to obtain the two-dimensional field-induced out-of-plane strain maps in a piezoelectric slab under a varying electric field. Both the free-standing and loaded (pinned) states are investigated. The results show field-dependent strain maps with parabolic profiles on the order of 10−4 and 10−3 in the free-standing and pinned states, respectively, in agreement with typical values for piezoelectric ceramics. This study provides a simple, non-destructive, and full-field method to characterize these materials.
Statistical inference for unknown parameters of stochastic SIS epidemics on complete graphs
Authors: Bu Huazheng , Xue Xiaofeng
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we are concerned with the stochastic susceptible-infectious-susceptible epidemic model on the complete graph with n vertices. This model has two parameters, which are the infection rate and the recovery rate. By utilizing the theory of density-dependent Markov chains, we give consistent estimations of the above two parameters as n grows to infinity according to the sample path of the model in a finite time interval. Furthermore, we establish the central limit theorem (CLT) and the moderate deviation principle (MDP) of our estimations. As an application of our CLT, reject regions of hypothesis testings of two parameters are given. As an application of our MDP, confidence intervals of parameters with lengths converging to 0 while confidence levels converging to 1 are given as n grows to infinity.
An eight-dimensional Taub-NUT-like hyper-Kähler metric in harmonic superspace formalism
Authors: Smilga A. V.
Published: November 2020

Using the harmonic superspace formalism, we find the metric of a certain eight-dimensional manifold. This manifold is not compact and represents an eight-dimensional generalization of the Taub-NUT manifold. Our conjecture is that the metric that we derived is equivalent to the known metric possessing a discrete Z2 isometry, which may be obtained from the metric describing the dynamics of four Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield monopoles by Hamiltonian reduction.
Doubly resonant SFG and DFG spectroscopies: An analytic model for data analysis including distorted and rotated vibronic levels. I. Theory
Authors: Busson Bertrand
Published: November 2020

We present an analytic description of doubly resonant infrared-visible sum (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) spectroscopies. Within the Born–Oppenheimer and Condon approximations for harmonic oscillators, we extend the usual theory, limited to linear electron–vibration coupling, and introduce the quadratic coupling phenomena (mode distortion and mode mixing) in the excited state. The excitation spectra of vibrations in SFG and DFG experiments are calculated in integral form for arbitrary mode distortions and small amplitude mode mixing between pairs of modes. Mode distortion modifies all orders of vibronic coupling including the fundamental process, whereas mode mixing appears as a perturbation added to the distorted mode case. For small quadratic coupling amplitudes, the results may be recast in simple analytic forms after the introduction of the overlap spectral function and developed in sums and products of Lorentzian functions.
Efficient terahertz generation and detection in cadmium telluride using ultrafast ytterbium laser
Authors: Ropagnol X. , Matoba M. , Nkeck J. E. , Blanchard F. , Isgandarov E. , Yumoto J. , Ozaki T.
Published: November 2020

In this work, we study THz generation and detection using cadmium telluride (CdTe) crystals pumped by amplified (1.025 μm wavelength) and oscillator (1.045 μm wavelength) ytterbium (Yb) lasers. For each laser, we compare the performances of the CdTe THz emitter and detector to those of GaP crystals. Under optimum conditions, we demonstrate that the former shows 3 and 5 times better performances compared with the latter for detection and generation, respectively. When pumped by an amplified Yb laser, we find that the CdTe crystal is more efficient than the GaP crystal for emission at optical fluences lower than 250 μJ/cm2. Although CdTe has some limitations in comparison with GaP, such as high THz absorption above 1 THz and the appearance of two-photon absorption at relatively low optical intensity, our findings demonstrate the potential of this crystal to be used as the emitter and detector in combination with the Yb laser.
Time-dependent vibrational coupled cluster with variationally optimized time-dependent basis sets
Authors: Madsen Niels Kristian , Hansen Mads Bøttger , Christiansen Ove , Zoccante Alberto
Published: November 2020

We develop time-dependent vibrational coupled cluster with time-dependent modals (TDMVCC), where an active set of one-mode basis functions (modals) is evolved in time alongside coupled-cluster wave-function parameters. A biorthogonal second quantization formulation of many-mode dynamics is introduced, allowing separate biorthogonal bases for the bra and ket states, thus ensuring complex analyticity. We employ the time-dependent bivariational principle to derive equations of motion for both the one-mode basis functions and the parameters describing the cluster (T) and linear de-excitation (L) operators. The choice of constraint (or gauge) operators for the modal time evolution is discussed. In the case of untruncated cluster expansion, the result is independent of this choice, but restricting the excitation space removes this invariance; equations for the variational determination of the constraint operators are derived for the latter case. We show that all single-excitation parts of T and L are redundant and can be left out in the case of variationally determined constraint-operator evolution. Based on a pilot implementation, test computations on Henon–Heiles model systems, the water molecule, and a reduced-dimensionality bi-thiophene model are presented, showing highly encouraging results for TDMVCC. It is demonstrated how TDMVCC in the limit of a complete cluster expansion becomes equivalent to multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree for the same active-space size. Similarly, it is discussed how TDMVCC generally gives better and more stable results than its time-independent-modals counterpart, while equivalent results are obtained for complete expansions and full one-mode basis sets.
IR multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of MO2+ (M = V, Nb, Ta)
Authors: Wensink Frank J. , Münst Maximilian G. , Heller Jakob , Ončák Milan , Bakker Joost M. , van der Linde Christian
Published: November 2020

A laser vaporization cluster source is coupled to the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer beamline of the free-electron laser for intracavity experiments. Gas phase metal ions and their oxides (VO2+, NbO2+, and TaO2+) are formed and spectroscopically characterized using IR multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy via loss of atomic oxygen and overcoming fragmentation energies of 3 eV–6 eV. The signal is observed for all MO2+ fundamental modes: the symmetric and anti-symmetric ν1 and ν3 stretch modes in the 900 cm−1–1000 cm−1 range and the ν2 bending mode in the 300 cm−1–450 cm−1 range. A remarkable substructure is observed for the bending vibration, which is at least partly due to the rovibrational substructure.
Insulator irradiation damage from extensive air showers in high-altitude areas
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Fan Jieqing , Zhao Qiang , Hao Jianhong , Zhang Fang , Dong Ye , Dong Zhiwei
Published: November 2020

Secondary electrons (SEs) of high-energy cosmic rays in high-altitude areas can cause irradiation damage to insulators. In this paper, the Monte Carlo method is utilized to analyze the energy loss of SEs irradiated by extensive air showers in insulators. We investigate the formation of electron–hole pairs in insulators, the influence on the insulation characteristics, and the physical mechanism of the process. The results show that the energy of the SEs is much greater than the energy of the electrons in the transmission line, which may pose a threat to the equipment of a power system, and the energy loss of the incident electrons in insulators with different energies shows different characteristics. When the electron energy is lower than 364 keV, displacement damage will not occur in the insulators, and the insulation characteristics will not change; when the electron energy is between 364 keV and 723 keV, electron–hole pairs are generated in insulators but without damage cascade, which will have little impact on the insulation characteristics; when the electron energy exceeds 723 keV, damage cascade will occur, along with many electron–hole pairs, and the insulator insulation characteristics will be greatly affected.
Compressible lattice Boltzmann methods with adaptive velocity stencils: An interpolation-free formulation
Authors: Coreixas Christophe , Latt Jonas
Published: November 2020

Adaptive lattice Boltzmann methods (LBMs) are based on velocity discretizations that self-adjust to local macroscopic conditions such as velocity and temperature. While this feature improves the accuracy and the stability of LBMs for large velocity and temperature variations, it also strongly impacts the efficiency of the algorithm due to space interpolations that are required to get populations at grid nodes. To avoid this defect, the present work proposes new formulations of adaptive LBMs that do not rely anymore on space interpolations, hence drastically improving their parallel efficiency for the simulation of high-speed compressible flows. To reach this goal, the adaptive phase discretization is restricted to particular states that are compliant with the efficient “collide-and-stream” algorithm, and as a consequence, it does not require additional interpolation steps. The development of proper state-adaptive solvers with on-grid propagation imposes new restrictions and challenges on the discrete stencils, namely, the need for an extended operability range allowing for the transition between two phase discretizations. Achieving the minimum operability range for discrete polynomial equilibria requires rather large stencils (e.g., D2Q81, D2Q121) and is therefore not competitive for compressible flow simulations. However, as shown in this article, the use of numerical equilibria can provide for overlaps in the operability ranges of neighboring discrete shifts at acceptable cost using the D2Q21 lattice. Through several numerical validations, the present approach is shown to allow for an efficient realization of discrete state-adaptive LBMs for high Mach number flows even in the low-viscosity regime.