bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Authors: Serpa Calderón Justa María , Moncayo Rivera Christian Miguel , Moncayo Rivera Diana Mishelle , Idrovo Idrovo Carla Alexandra
Published: February 2021

Introducción: El Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico o LES, es una enfermedad anómala, de carácter autoinmune, con mayor prevalencia en la población femenina en edad reproductiva. Su etiología es desconocida, sin embargo, conlleva un sinnúmero de manifestaciones clínicas e irremediables complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo, siendo entendida como uno de los retos de mayor connotación para los diferentes profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar las manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento que conlleva el Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico. Metodología: Estudio de tipo revisión bibliográfica (RB), con un enfoque cualitativo, previa revisión de un protocolo que sustentó su desarrollo; 11 estudios incluidos, cuya publicación date del 2016, obtenidos de diferentes bases de datos como Google Scholar, SciELO, Redalyc, Medline, Scopus, Elsevier, Latindex y otras bibliotecas virtuales de salud. Resultados: El LES es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica e inflamatoria que se origina en el tejido conjuntivo, afectando un sin número de órganos y articulaciones, incluyendo el corazón, la piel, los pulmones, riñones y el sistema nervioso. Los criterios clasificatorios del LES son: ACR 1997; SLICC 2012 y EULAR/ACR. No tiene cura, pero su tratamiento puede llevarse a cabo de manera convencional, farmacológica, biológica y fisioterapia. Conclusiones: El LES es una enfermedad autoinmune que no tiene cura, pero que, a la fecha, se puede controlar y prevenir el daño a nivel orgánico, mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente. En Ecuador, no existe un registro actualizado donde se refleje la cantidad de individuos que padezcan de esta silenciosa enfermedad.
Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among Ceftazidime Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Swab.
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Paul Shikha , Naher Akhtarun , Akter Rahima , Khan Tarina
Published: February 2021

ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to be an important cause of nosocomial infection. The study was undertaken to determine ESBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phenotypic method and to detect bla OXA-10 ESBL gene by molecular method. A total of 288 wound infection cases attending the in-patient department of Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital were enrolled for this study. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated following standard procedure and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test by disc-diffusion method. Ceftazidime resistant strains were confirmed by MIC by agar dilution method. Confirmed ceftazidime resistant strains were tested for ESBL production by CLSI phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and bla OXA-10 ESBL gene was identified by employing conventional PCR. Out of 92 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, confirmed ceftazidime resistant strains were 60. PCDDT detected 49 (81.67%) ESBL producers and PCR detected 44 (73.33%) positive strains for bla OXA-10 ESBL gene among 60 ceftazidime resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed high proportion of ESBL producers among ceftazidime resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2018; 12 (1): 15-19
Common Bacterial Causes of Urethritis in Men: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Jahan Ferdush , Shamsuzzaman SM , Akter Sonia , Bhuya Shahed Kamal
Published: February 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (1): 24-29
Violin Cycle by Bohdan Shyptur with Epigraphs from Children’s Poetry of Mariika Pidhirianka
Authors: Borukh Iryna
Published: February 2021

The article specifies the necessary condition to involve the national samples of pedagogical repertoire in the teaching and educational process of training violinists. The programmatic musical pieces, which are directly related to Ukraine and its nature, are particularly important. The author has chosen the cycle for the violin and piano by Bohdan Shyptur for analysis. This cycle includes four musical pieces with programmatic title and epigraphs from Children’s Poetry of Mariika Pidhirianka. Most of these excerpts are from her collection My Songs. As a poet and teacher, she focused her creative work on the Ukrainian folklore and its educational and spiritual potential.
The first musical piece of the cycle V Litniu Poru In the Summer) has the features of the marching song. This genre is organically derived from the text of the epigraph. The violin and the fortepiano complement each other in performing the exalted and cheerful marching. The second piece Dzvinochky (Little Bells) includes the onomatopoeic leitmotiv, which has a semantic meaning of good wishes. In the counter instrumental parts, the composer used ingenious texture transformations and modal-tonal musical composition approximating to the folk harmonic means. The third musical piece Kolyshysia Kalynonka (Wave Snowball Tree, Wave) has a lyrical mood and resembles folk cradle songs by both in rhythm and intonation, and by modal and structural features. The final of Oy Selom, Selom (Oh, in Village, Village) is a comprehensive picture with a variety of themes – from Kolomyika tongue twisters to improvisatory recitative and thoughtful contemplation. The diatonic scale is combined with alterations and chromaticism, the dance rhythm - with song rhythm, three-part form - with variant deployment. In general, B. Shypura cycle combines typical national figurativeness peculiar to the poetry by the poet and musical lexicon inspired by them. The duo of two instruments made the beauty of the artistic word visible and enriched it with emotional and semantic nuances.
Calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara in the context of the ethnographical borderland
Authors:   The Belarusian State Academy of Music, Danilovich Nastassia
Published: February 2021

The article considers a calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara – an ethnocultural area, located at the crossborder region of the Western and Central Polesye, Belarusian Ponemon’e and Central Belarus. Ethnomusicological field research recordings of the Belarusian State Academy of Music to Lyahovichskij (1982 – headed by V. Soltan, 1993 – headed by L. Kostyukovets), Ivatsevichi (2004 – head by T. Berkowitz), Baranovichi (2015 – headed by L. Barankiewicz) districts, Brest region, were mainly used for typological research. The correspondence were found in the winter repertoire of Middle Shchara between the existence of the old Kaliada tunes as well as clearly defined Kaliada game type “Goat” tunes. Notably children's round dance-games are used as Kaliada (Christmas) and Spring games. Valachobny tunes were used not only as a part of Vyalikdzien (Easter) greetings but also as general Spring and St. George's tunes. The existence of special “Yurovy” (St. George?s Day) round dance tune were discovered in the Middle Shchara locus. The special unique performing manner of local midsummer (Kupala) tunes were elaborated. The notable tinge of style of this region are Stippling fixations and variety of reaping tunes with interweaving manifestations song styles of Polesye and Ponemon’e. The Middle Shchara autumn repertoire, is elaborated as of notable accordance to the time of harvesting of flax songs of love or family domestic subjects. Peculiarities of the calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara described as pertaining of the ethnoregional borderland, which is manifested in combination of attributes not only of Polesye (Western, Central and even the East) and Ponemon’e, but also the Central Belarusian song areals.
The artistic background of Demyan Lyndyuks' ('Popychyn') - representa- tive of Kosmach fiddle tradition
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Kremenec' Humanitarian-Pedagogic Academy, Yaremko Bohdan
Published: February 2021

The article describes the background of historical Gutshul traditional fiddler Demyan Lyndyuk ('Popychyn') (1919-1959), from the Kosmach village of Kosiv region of Ivano-Frankivsk. The historical research were undertaken on the ground of historical data, received at 2006 from the Demyans' niece Maria Ivasyuk, as well as from Kovalivka vilage Ivan Sokoluik-the-fiddler, who made the valuable contribu- tion unto research, and played from memory two tunes by D. Lyndyuk, which he recollected as they were played by Demyan himself. Appended to the article the transcription of one of these Demyan Popychyn tunes, prepared by Lviv Music Academy post-graduate Yarema Pavliv at 2018. This tune is the virtuoso stanza of Gutsulka suite, composed of four stanzas, the tunes unfolding by varaitive conbina- torics principle of four related or contrasting, finely embellished melodic motives. This piece, and moreover, the second one, 'Song Tune', are characteristic of Demyan Lyndyuks' performing manner, marked by inventive and exqusite melodic style, cheracteristic of Gutsul regional tradition. As appears, Demyan Lyndyuk ('Popy- chyn') were one of the most prominent representatives of the latter, the father- founder of which were Vasyl Vandzaruk, followed by fully-fledged fiddlers and teachers Dmytro Gudymyak, Vasyl Pozhodzhuk, Ivan Menyuk, Mykhaylo Slochak, Kyrylo Lyndyuk, and, in contemporary tradition, Ivan Sokolyuk. Among these names the proud of the place belongs to Fiddler Demyan Lyndyuk ('Popychyn'), who made outstandng contribution into frourishing of Gutsul instrumental and vocal musicianship. The life of this fiddler were short, but very intense and deserved to be preserved by grateful memory of coming generations of outstanding fiddlers of Kosmach-Shepit tradition of kosiv region.
Calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara in the context of the ethnographical borderland
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Belarus: Minsk, BY, Danilovich Nastassia
Published: February 2021

The article considers a calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara – an ethnocultural area, located at the crossborder region of the Western and Central Polesye, Belarusian Ponemon’e and Central Belarus. Ethnomusicological field research recordings of the Belarusian State Academy of Music to Lyahovichskij (1982 – headed by V. Soltan, 1993 – headed by L. Kostyukovets), Ivatsevichi (2004 – head by T. Berkowitz), Baranovichi (2015 – headed by L. Barankiewicz) districts, Brest region, were mainly used for typological research. The correspondence were found in the winter repertoire of Middle Shchara between the existence of the old Kaliada tunes as well as clearly defined Kaliada game type “Goat” tunes. Notably children's round dance-games are used as Kaliada (Christmas) and Spring games. Valachobny tunes were used not only as a part of Vyalikdzien (Easter) greetings but also as general Spring and St. George's tunes. The existence of special “Yurovy” (St. George?s Day) round dance tune were discovered in the Middle Shchara locus. The special unique performing manner of local midsummer (Kupala) tunes were elaborated. The notable tinge of style of this region are Stippling fixations and variety of reaping tunes with interweaving manifestations song styles of Polesye and Ponemon’e. The Middle Shchara autumn repertoire, is elaborated as of notable accordance to the time of harvesting of flax songs of love or family domestic subjects. Peculiarities of the calendar-song tradition of Middle Shchara described as pertaining of the ethnoregional borderland, which is manifested in combination of attributes not only of Polesye (Western, Central and even the East) and Ponemon’e, but also the Central Belarusian song areals.
About realization of the first stage of development of the fundamental problem “Folk music of Halychyna and Volodymyria”: innovative activity of the Research Scientific Laboratory of Musical Ethnology 1990s–early 2000s.
Authors:   Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Music Academy, Dobrianska Lina
Published: February 2021

The article considers versatile ethnomusicographic activities of the Research Scientific Laboratory of Music Ethnology (RSLME) in initial period of its activity (1990–2004) under the direction of Bohdan Lukaniuk. A brief historical outline of the ethnomusicological studies of the Lviv Conservatory has been submitted, the chronology of educational reform in pedagogy and scientific ethnomusicological studies of higher education has been presented, which resulted in the establishment of a new scientific institution, the Scientific-Researching Laboratory of Music Ethnography, on the basis of the Office of Folk Music as early as 1990’s. The main innovations introduced by B. Lukaniuk in the etnomusicology and education were outlined. PSRLME in cooperation with Music Folklore Department of the Mykola Lysenko Lviv High Music School has rapidly developed into a trusted ethnomusicological institution well established in Ukraine and abroad. The main innovations were: carefull planning of all activities of the Laboratory as an integral part of the project “Folk music of Galicia and Volodymyria”; the methodological and practical reform of musical education; establishment of an careful field research and archiving strategy as integral part of historical and ethnomusicological research programmes of the Western Ukraine ethnomusicological areals; a reform of Ethnomusicographic data archive: careful planning of field research programmes, establishments of new funds and collections, systematic archiving of current & historical records, etc. The results of the initial period of the activities of PSRLME in the field of musical and ethnographic data archives are summarized, including the historical timeline of the implementation of as much as two dozen research programs and sub-programs which were then initially established, and a series of indicators has been created to provide historical timeline reference. The article is prepared on the basis of the data archives of documentation and printed sources.
Kuban Ukrainian-Cossack Wedding: Songs & Ceremonial, structural analysis
Authors:   Mykola Lysenko Lviv National Music Academy, Suprun-Yaremko Nadiya
Published: February 2021

In current article author presents traditional Kuban Ukrainian-Cossack wedding, on the ground of typological data, archived in 268 items, recorded in 46 settlements of historical Chornomorya (contemporary Kyban lowlands region of Russian Federation), transcribed and archived according to the historically reconstructed wedding ceremony of procession 29 magical rites. Overall the collection is subdivided upon the rites of initiation, wedding & post-wedding ceremonies; by 62 structural-melodical typology-recitatory-exclamational (134), cantilena (31), of mixed types (102), dancant (1). The recitatory-exclamatory songs constitute the core of wedding ceremonies, cantilena mixed - the historical epic songs, cantilena mixed dancant – the core of common non-ritual songs. The initiation rites (82) correspond to 10 ceremonies-wooing, betrothal, engagement, crowning of a wreath, maiden evensongs, summon songs, wedding feast, orphan songs, wedlock. 178 items illustrate 16 wedding rites of ceremony, according to wedlock, wedding feast, redemption of the bride, treatment of bride, ritual maiden evensongs, wedlock attire, the departure of the bride. 8 songs correspond to three rites of post-wedding ceremony. The recitatory-exclamatiory songs are performed on every ceremony of a rite (as an integral rite) or interferential (as co-habitative, musicianship of a ceremonial), formulating a polythem atic and polysemantic ceremony. In dramatical-epic songs the melodic embellishments flourish over the vocalized vowels. 15 non-ritual lirycal songs were performed irregarding of the ceremony. Ethnomusical analysis arguably supports the theory of common historical origin and background of songs and rites under consideration, preserved in commemoration of singers, the legacy of kuban history' historical traditions, of rytmicall cowariative combinatories and art of vocalizing and embellishments.
O comportamento do acadêmico em relação às atividades em grupo no ambiente universitário
Authors: Chiusoli Cláudio Luiz , Luz Erasmo Luiz da , García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz
Published: February 2021

Em um ambiente acadêmico, é comum a formação dos grupos sociais dentro da sala de aula; o objetivo do estudo é analisar o comportamento do acadêmico e como as variáveis influenciam na aprendizagem e na convivência social. Além do levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, foram realizadas 107 entrevistas com acadêmicos de instituições pública e particular. Como principais achados, quanto ao grau de concordância, tem-se que 17% já conheciam alguém na turma antes de iniciar a faculdade; 83% citam que o relacionamento com os colegas de sala é muito bom; 45% sentem-se bastante tranquilo fazendo trabalhos e atividades em grupo; 44% preferem que os trabalhos e atividades sejam em grupos; no entanto, 76% preferem, às vezes, fazer os trabalhos e atividades sozinhos. Por outro lado, 41% citam que a turma da sala é unida na realização de trabalhos e atividades; e 89% aprovam o uso das novas tecnologias de ensino, como lives e aulas interativas. Como contribuição do estudo, sugere-se os pontos de maior influência sobre o comportamento dos acadêmicos no ambiente escolar e os possíveis problemas que possam ocorrer.
Fisioterapia na Atenção Primária no Brasil baseado em um Programa de Avaliação da Qualidade: estudo transversal
Authors: Silva Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da , Cruz Angélica Pereira da , Freire Júlio César Guimarães , Silva Anderson Martins , Vasconcelos Fabiana Gondim Gomes de , Santos Gabriel Alves dos , Lima Matheus Vinícius Dias da Silva , Oliveira Maria Patrícia Cavalcante de , Brito Geraldo Eduardo Guedes de
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: analisar a presença do fisioterapeuta junto à equipe minima atuante na Atenção Primária à Saúde nas cinco regiões do Brasil e compara-las em relação a presença de equipamentos para atuação deste professional. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados do Módulo 1 do 3º Ciclo do Programa de Avaliação da Qualidade da Atenção Primária de Unidades Básicas de Saúde onde havia inserção do fisioterapeuta. A associação entre a presença do fisioterapeuta e a maior quantidade de equipamentos foi analisada pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: No Brasil, 26,3% das Unidades possuíam outro professional trabalhando juntamente com a equipe de Saúde da Família, e, entre estes, 24,8% eram fisitoerapeutas. Foi observado que, comparado a proporção nacional, a região Nordeste tinha a maior proporção de profissionais inseridos nos serviços (p=0,017). A associação foi observada entre a presença dos profissionais e de equipamentos, com aqueles mais específicos mais presentes em locais onde o fisioterapeuta atuava (p<0,05). Conclusão: O número de fisioterapeutas trabalhando em conjunto com as equipes de Atenção Primária no Brasil é pequeno. Entretanto, seu trabalho com a população sinalizam novas possibilidades de atuação professional.
Tratamento estético: Aumento de coroa clínica inferior
Authors: Maltarollo Thalya Horsth , Lucio Melissa de Santana , Risemberg Rabbith Ive Carolina Shitsuka , Pedron Irineu Gregnanin , Friggi Silvia Linard Mercelino
Published: February 2021

Atualmente a busca por um sorriso perfeito vem aumentando e se tornando uma exigência comum na prática clínica odontológica. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de caso de um tratamento estético cirúrgico para um paciente com excesso de gengiva dos dentes inferiores. A cirurgia de aumento de coroa clínica demonstrou uma forma de devolver as distâncias biológicas adequadas para restabelecer saúde, função e estética do caso proposto, proporcionando resultados satisfatórios tanto para o paciente quanto para o cirurgião-dentista.
Butyrate enemas upregulate Muc genes expression but decrease adherent mucus thickness in mice colon
Authors: Gaudier E , Rival M , Buisine M-P , Robineau I , Hoebler Ch
Published: February 2021

Colonic mucosal protection is provided by the mucus gel, mainly
composed of mucins. Several factors can modulate the formation
and the secretion of mucins, and among them butyrate, an endproduct of carbohydrate fermentation. However, the specific
effect of butyrate on the various colonic mucins, and the
consequences in terms of the mucus layer thickness are not
known. Our aim was to determine whether butyrate modulates
colonic MUC genes expression in vivo and whether this results in
changes in mucus synthesis and mucus layer thickness. Mice
received daily for 7 days rectal enemas of butyrate (100 mM)
versus saline. We demonstrated that butyrate stimulated the
gene expression of both secreted (Muc2) and membrane-linked
(Muc1, Muc3, Muc4) mucins. Butyrate especially induced a 6-fold
increase in Muc2 gene expression in proximal colon. However,
butyrate enemas did not modify the number of epithelial cells
containing the protein Muc2, and caused a 2-fold decrease in the
thickness of adherent mucus layer. Further studies should help
understanding whether this last phenomenon, i.e. the decrease
in adherent mucus gel thickness, results in a diminished
protective function or not.
Skin blood flowmotion and microvascular reactivity investigation in hypercholesterolemic patients without clinically manifest arterial diseases
Authors: Rossi M , Carpi A , Di Maria C , Franzoni F , Galetta F , Santoro G
Published: February 2021

Fourier spectral analysis of forearm skin laser Doppler flowmetry
(LDF) signal was performed in fifteen hypercholesterolemic
patients (HP), without clinically manifest arterial diseases, and in
fifteen age-matched healthy control subjects (CS), in order to
investigate skin blood flowmotion (SBF). The LDF frequency
intervals studied were: 0.01-1.6 Hz total spectrum, as well as
0.01-0.02 Hz (endothelial), 0.02-0.06 Hz (sympathetic), 0.06-0.2
Hz (myogenic), 0.2-0.6 Hz (respiratory) and 0.6-1.6 Hz (cardiac).
Skin microvascular reactivity (MVR) to acetylcholine (ACh) and to
sodium nitroprusside (SNP) iontophoresis was also investigated.
HP showed a lower post-ACh increase in power spectral density
(PSD) of the 0.01-0.02 Hz SBF subinterval compared to CS
(1.80±1.73 PU2/Hz vs 3.59±1.78 PU2/Hz, respectively; p<0.005), while they did not differ in MVR from CS. In eleven HP the 0.01-0.02 Hz SBF subinterval showed a higher post-ACh PSD increase near to the statistical significance after 10 weeks of rosuvastatin
therapy (10 mg/day) compared to pretreatment test (3.04±2.95
PU2/Hz vs 1.91±1.94 PU2/Hz; p=0.07). The blunted post-ACh
increase in PSD of the 0.01-0.02 Hz SBF subinterval in HP
suggests a skin endothelial dysfunction in these patients. This
SBF abnormality showed a tendency to improve after
rosuvastatin therapy in eleven treated patients.
Transient hypertension and sustained tachycardia in mice housed individually in metabolism cages
Authors: Hoppe CC , Moritz KM , Fitzgerald SM , Bertram JF , Evans RG
Published: February 2021

The novel environment of a metabolic cage can be stressful for
rodents, but few studies have attempted to quantify this stressresponse. Therefore, we determined the effects on mean arterial
pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), of placing mice of both
sexes in metabolism cages for 2 days. After surgical implantation
of a carotid artery catheter mice recovered individually in
standard cages for 5 days. Mice then spent 2 days in metabolism
cages. MAP and HR were monitored in the standard cage on Day
5 and in metabolism cages on Days 6-7. MAP increased by 18±3
and 22±4 %, while HR increased by 27±4 and 27±6 %, in males
and females, respectively, during the first hours after cage
switch. MAP decreased to baseline in the fourth and eighth h
following metabolism cage switch in males and females,
respectively. However, HR remained significantly elevated in both
sexes during the entire two-day period in metabolism cages.
Females had lower MAP than males both pre- and postmetabolism cage switch, but there were no sex differences in HR.
These results demonstrate sustained changes in cardiovascular
function when mice are housed in metabolism cages, which could
potentially affect renal function.
Analisis Profil dan Karakteristik Pengguna Media Sosial di Indonesia Dengan Metode EFA dan MCA
Authors: Hermawansyah Adam , Pratama Ahmad R
Published: February 2021

Dari sekitar 143 juta pengguna Internet di Indonesia, hampir 90% di antaranya adalah pengguna media sosial. Meski telah banyak diteliti, namun banyak yang baru menyentuh level permukaan saja dan belum memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif dan menyeluruh. Selain untuk mengetahui platform media sosial apa saja yang marak digunakan di Indonesia, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana profil dan karakteristik pengguna masing-masing platform media sosial yang marak digunakan dan memahami tentang bagaimana pengaruh perbedaan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan faktor-faktor demografis lainnya terhadap penggunaan media sosial. Survei dari 412 pengguna media sosial di Indonesia dianalisis dengan metode EFA dan MCA dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman R. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan beberapa profil pengguna media sosial yang berbeda. Selain mayoritas pengguna yang cenderung menggunakan media sosial populer seperti YouTube, Instagram, WhatsApp, dan Facebook untuk kebutuhan personal baik itu hiburan maupun pendidikan, terdapat juga jenis pengguna yang memanfaatkan media sosial lain seperti Linkedin dan GitHub untuk kebutuhan profesional, terutama dari kalangan ekonomi menengah ke atas. Selain dapat memperkaya wawasan terkait penggunaan media sosial di Indonesia, temuan dari penelitian ini juga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh penelitian selanjutnya, utamanya terkait pemanfaatan media sosial oleh beragam kalangan yang berbeda dengan tujuan yang berbeda-beda pula.
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Authors: Honcharova Olha
Published: February 2021

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Agrarian policy in Ukraine during the National-Democratic Revolution of 1917-1921: experience for contemporary agrarian transformations
Authors: Kornovenko Serhii
Published: February 2021

The experience of the events of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1921 is especially relevant for modern Ukraine. Modern geopolitical transformations, radical changes in the domestic political life of Ukraine, ambitious plans of the government are a chance for our state to restore its full-fledged subjectivity in the international arena, in the domestic life of the country. An effective mechanism of external and internal subjectivization of Ukraine, given the longevity of agricultural culture (in a broad sense), can be agrarian policy, its effective implementation. This implies not only a clear understanding on the part of the state of the essence of agrarian policy, its purpose, stages and mechanisms of implementation. The author of the article aims to propose, taking into account the agrarian transformations of the Ukrainian revolution, a possible model of the latest agrarian transformations. Under modern conditions, the most discussed issue is the feasibility/inexpediency of opening a land market in Ukraine. The heated debate on this is primarily about the socio-economic and socio-political consequences. Last but not least, the debaters in the discussions focus on only one segment of this multifaceted phenomenon � foreign land tenure/land use/land management. That is, they are only interested in the institution of private land ownership for foreigners on the whole set of issues. The main risks of opening the land market: external and internal. External: desubjectification of Ukraine, increasing dependence on foreign capital, especially credit one, loss of status of the granary of Europe, reduction of foreign exchange earnings to the budget, desoilization (dechernozemization). Internal: legalization of the agrarian oligarchy, desubjectification of power, degradation of civil society, increasing shadowing of the economy in general, agro-industrial complex in particular, the absence of the middle class � the social basis of the state, the extinction of the countryside, its disappearance as a socio-economic, socio-political, spiritual-cultural component of the Ukrainian political nation, strengthening the demographic challenges, etc.
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Authors: Bezliudna Iryna
Published: February 2021

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Authors: Lavrut Olga
Published: February 2021

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Authors: Klynova-Datsiuk Halyna
Published: February 2021

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Selective Release of Recombinant Periplasmic Protein From E. coli Using Continuous Pulsed Electric Field Treatment
Authors: Schottroff Felix , Kastenhofer Jens , Spadiut Oliver , Jaeger Henry , Wurm David J.
Published: February 2021

To date, high-pressure homogenization is the standard method for cell disintegration before the extraction of cytosolic and periplasmic protein from E. coli. Its main drawback, however, is low selectivity and a resulting high load of host cell impurities. Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment may be used for selective permeabilization of the outer membrane. PEF is a process which is able to generate pores within cell membranes, the so-called electroporation. It can be readily applied to the culture broth in continuous mode, no additional chemicals are needed, heat generation is relatively low, and it is already implemented at industrial scale in the food sector. Yet, studies about PEF-assisted extraction of recombinant protein from bacteria are scarce. In the present study, continuous electroporation was employed to selectively extract recombinant Protein A from the periplasm of E. coli. For this purpose, a specifically designed flow-through PEF treatment chamber was deployed, operated at 1.5 kg/h, using rectangular pulses of 3 μs at specific energy input levels between 10.3 and 241.9 kJ/kg. Energy input was controlled by variation of the electric field strength (28.4–44.8 kV/cm) and pulse repetition frequency (50–1,000 Hz). The effects of the process parameters on cell viability, product release, and host cell protein (HCP), DNA, as well as endotoxin (ET) loads were investigated. It was found that a maximum product release of 89% was achieved with increasing energy input levels. Cell death also gradually increased, with a maximum inactivation of -0.9 log at 241.9 kJ/kg. The conditions resulting in high release efficiencies while keeping impurities low were electric field strengths ≤ 30 kV/cm and frequencies ≥ 825 Hz. In comparison with high-pressure homogenization, PEF treatment resulted in 40% less HCP load, 96% less DNA load, and 43% less ET load. Therefore, PEF treatment can be an efficient alternative to the cell disintegration processes commonly used in downstream processing.
Involvement of the Actin Machinery in Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Ren Weida , Zhao Wanyu , Cao Lingbo , Huang Junqi
Published: February 2021

Programmed cell death (PCD) depicts a genetically encoded and an orderly mode of cellular mortality. When triggered by internal or external stimuli, cells initiate PCDs through evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanisms. Actin, as a multifunctional cytoskeleton protein that forms microfilament, its integrity and dynamics are essential for a variety of cellular processes (e.g., morphogenesis, membrane blebbing and intracellular transport). Decades of work have broadened our knowledge about different types of PCDs and their distinguished signaling pathways. However, an ever-increasing pool of evidences indicate that the delicate relationship between PCDs and the actin cytoskeleton is beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the relationships between different PCDs and the actin machinery (actin, actin-binding proteins and proteins involved in different actin signaling pathways), in the hope that this attempt can shed light on ensuing studies and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Mitochondrial Fusion Potentially Regulates a Metabolic Change in Tibetan Chicken Embryonic Brain During Hypoxia
Authors: Tang Qiguo , Ding Cui , Xu Qinqin , Bai Ying , Xu Qiao , Wang Kejun , Fang Meiying
Published: February 2021

The Tibetan chickens (Gallus gallus; TBCs) are an indigenous breed found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that are well-adapted to a hypoxic environment. As of now, energy metabolism of the TBCs embryonic brain has been little examined. This study investigated changes in energy metabolism in TBCs during hypoxia, and compared energy metabolism in TBCs and Dwarf Laying Chickens (DLCs), a lowland chicken breed, to explore underlying mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation. We found TBCs exhibited decreased oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and ATP levels as well as an increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) during hypoxia. Nevertheless, OCR/ECAR ratios indicated aerobic metabolism still dominated under hypoxia. Most important, our results revealed significant differences in TBCs brain cellular metabolism compared to DLCs under hypoxia. Compared to DLCs, TBCs had higher OCR and TCA cycle activities during hypoxia. Also, TBCs had more mitochondrial content, increased mitochondrial aspect ratio and MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 proteins which have previously been reported to control mitochondrial fusion were expressed at higher levels in TBCs compared to DLCs, suggesting that TBCs may regulate energy metabolism by increasing the level of mitochondrial fusion. In summary, TBCs can reduce aerobic metabolism and increase glycolysis to enable adaptation to hypoxia. Regulation of mitochondrial fusion via MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 potentially enhances the ability of TBCs to survive on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
A Microphysiological Approach to Evaluate Effectors of Intercellular Hedgehog Signaling in Development
Authors: Johnson Brian P. , Vitek Ross A. , Morgan Molly M. , Fink Dustin M. , Beames Tyler G. , Geiger Peter G. , Beebe David J. , Lipinski Robert J.
Published: February 2021

Paracrine signaling in the tissue microenvironment is a central mediator of morphogenesis, and modeling this dynamic intercellular activityin vitrois critical to understanding normal and abnormal development. For example, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling is a conserved mechanism involved in multiple developmental processes and strongly linked to human birth defects including orofacial clefts of the lip and palate. SHH ligand produced, processed, and secreted from the epithelial ectoderm is shuttled through the extracellular matrix where it binds mesenchymal receptors, establishing a gradient of transcriptional response that drives orofacial morphogenesis. In humans, complex interactions of genetic predispositions and environmental insults acting on diverse molecular targets are thought to underlie orofacial cleft etiology. Consequently, there is a need for tractablein vitroapproaches that model this complex cellular and environmental interplay and are sensitive to disruption across the multistep signaling cascade. We developed a microplate-based device that supports an epithelium directly overlaid onto an extracellular matrix-embedded mesenchyme, mimicking the basic tissue architecture of developing orofacial tissues. SHH ligand produced from the epithelium generated a gradient of SHH-driven transcription in the adjacent mesenchyme, recapitulating the gradient of pathway activity observedin vivo. Shh pathway activation was antagonized by small molecule inhibitors of epithelial secretory, extracellular matrix transport, and mesenchymal sensing targets, supporting the use of this approach in high-content chemical screening of the complete Shh pathway. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel and practical microphysiological model with broad utility for investigating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and environmental signaling disruptions in development.
Overcoming Chemoresistance: Altering pH of Cellular Compartments by Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Halcrow Peter W. , Geiger Jonathan D. , Chen Xuesong
Published: February 2021

Resistance to the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapeutic agents (chemoresistance) is a major issue for people living with cancer and their providers. A diverse set of cellular and inter-organellar signaling changes have been implicated in chemoresistance, but it is still unclear what processes lead to chemoresistance and effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance are lacking. The anti-malaria drugs, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are being used for the treatment of various cancers and CQ and HCQ are used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their anti-cancer effects. The widely accepted anti-cancer effect of CQ and HCQ is their ability to inhibit autophagic flux. As diprotic weak bases, CQ and HCQ preferentially accumulate in acidic organelles and neutralize their luminal pH. In addition, CQ and HCQ acidify the cytosolic and extracellular environments; processes implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer. Thus, the anti-cancer effects of CQ and HCQ extend beyond autophagy inhibition. The present review summarizes effects of CQ, HCQ and proton pump inhibitors on pH of various cellular compartments and discuss potential mechanisms underlying their pH-dependent anti-cancer effects. The mechanisms considered here include their ability to de-acidify lysosomes and inhibit autophagosome lysosome fusion, to de-acidify Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles thus affecting secretion, and to acidify cytoplasm thus disturbing aerobic metabolism. Further, we review the ability of these agents to prevent chemotherapeutic drugs from accumulating in acidic organelles and altering their cytosolic concentrations.
Arabidopsis QWRF1 and QWRF2 Redundantly Modulate Cortical Microtubule Arrangement in Floral Organ Growth and Fertility
Authors: Ma Huifang , Xu Liyuan , Fu Ying , Zhu Lei
Published: February 2021

Floral organ development is fundamental to sexual reproduction in angiosperms. Many key floral regulators (most of which are transcription factors) have been identified and shown to modulate floral meristem determinacy and floral organ identity, but not much is known about the regulation of floral organ growth, which is a critical process by which organs to achieve appropriate morphologies and fulfill their functions. Spatial and temporal control of anisotropic cell expansion following initial cell proliferation is important for organ growth. Cortical microtubules are well known to have important roles in plant cell polar growth/expansion and have been reported to guide the growth and shape of sepals and petals. In this study, we identified two homolog proteins, QWRF1 and QWRF2, which are essential for floral organ growth and plant fertility. We found severely deformed morphologies and symmetries of various floral organs as well as a significant reduction in the seed setting rate in theqwrf1qwrf2double mutant, although few flower development defects were seen inqwrf1orqwrf2single mutants. QWRF1 and QWRF2 display similar expression patterns and are both localized to microtubulesin vitroandin vivo. Furthermore, we found altered cortical microtubule organization and arrangements inqwrf1qwrf2cells, consistent with abnormal cell expansion in different floral organs, which eventually led to poor fertility. Our results suggest that QWRF1 and QWRF2 are likely microtubule-associated proteins with functional redundancy in fertility and floral organ development, which probably exert their effectsviaregulation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion.
Biological Functions of Gasdermins in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Wang Man , Chen Xinzhe , Zhang Yuan
Published: February 2021

Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by various inflammasomes that sense danger signals. Pyroptosis has recently attracted great attention owing to its contributory role in cancer. Pyroptosis plays an important role in cancer progression by inducing cancer cell death or eliciting anticancer immunity. The participation of gasdermins (GSDMs) in pyroptosis is a noteworthy recent discovery. GSDMs have emerged as a group of pore-forming proteins that serve important roles in innate immunity and are composed of GSDMA-E and Pejvakin (PJVK) in human. The N-terminal domains of GSDMs, expect PJVK, can form pores on the cell membrane and function as effector proteins of pyroptosis. Remarkably, it has been found that GSDMs are abnormally expressed in several forms of cancers. Moreover, GSDMs are involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Additionally, increasing evidence has indicated an association between GSDMs and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. These findings suggest the feasibility of using GSDMs as prospective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and prognosis. Here, we review the progress in unveiling the characteristics and biological functions of GSDMs. We also focus on the implication and molecular mechanisms of GSDMs in cancer pathogenesis. Investigating the relationship between GSDMs and cancer biology could assist us to explore new therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment.
Multi-Modality Imaging for Interventions in Tricuspid Valve Disease
Authors: Fortuni Federico , Hirasawa Kensuke , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria , Ajmone Marsan Nina
Published: February 2021

Several studies have demonstrated that severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has a significant negative impact on morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, several therapeutic options to treat TR are available and patients at high surgical risk can also be treated with transcatheter procedures. For the management of patients with TR, an accurate assessment of the tricuspid valve and its surrounding structures is therefore of crucial importance and has gained significant interest in the medical community. Different imaging modalities can provide detailed information on the tricuspid valve apparatus, right ventricle, right atrium, and coronary circulation which are fundamental to define the timing and anatomic suitability of surgical and percutaneous procedures. The present review illustrates the role of 2D and 3D echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and multidetector row computed tomography for the assessment of the tricuspid valve and right heart with a particular focus on the data needed for planning and guiding interventional procedures.
Role of Sphingosine Kinase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Qi Yanfei , Wang Wei , Song Ziyu , Aji Gulibositan , Liu Xin Tracy , Xia Pu
Published: February 2021

Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids, functioning as both cell membrane constituents and signaling messengers. In the sphingolipid metabolic network, ceramides serve as the central hub that is hydrolyzed to sphingosine, followed by phosphorylation to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by sphingosine kinase (SphK). SphK is regarded as a “switch” of the sphingolipid rheostat, as it catalyzes the conversion of ceramide/sphingosine to S1P, which often exhibit opposing biological roles in the cell. Besides, SphK is an important signaling enzyme that has been implicated in the regulation of a wide variety of biological functions. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of SphK in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), although a certain level of controversy remains. Herein, we review recent findings related to SphK in the field of T2D research with a focus on peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure. It is expected that a comprehensive understanding of the role of SphK and the associated sphingolipids in T2D will help to identify druggable targets for future anti-diabetes therapy.
Integrating Concepts of Physiological and Behavioral Resistance to Parasites
Authors: Amoroso Caroline R.
Published: February 2021

Conceptual parallels between physiological and behavioral forms of resistance to parasites have led to the development of terminology like “the behavioral immune system” to refer to behaviors that combat parasites. I extend this metaphor by applying findings from research on physiological resistance to generate predictions for the ecology and evolution of behavioral resistance (here, synonymous with avoidance). In certain cases, behavioral resistance may follow similar evolutionary dynamics to physiological resistance. However, more research on the nature of the costs of behavioral resistance is needed, including how parasite transmission mode may be a key determinant of these costs. In addition, “acquiring” behavioral resistance may require specific mechanisms separate from classical forms of conditioning, due to constraints on timing of host learning processes and parasite incubation periods. Given existing literature, behavioral resistance to infectious disease seems more likely to be innate than acquired within the lifetime of an individual, raising new questions about how individual experience could shape anti-parasite behaviors. This review provides a framework for using existing literature on physiological resistance to generate predictions for behavioral resistance, and highlights several important directions for future research based on this comparison.