bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark Tourism in the Philippines Islands
Authors: Handayani Bintang , Seraphin Hugues , Korstanje Maximiliano
Published: March 2019

Though the study of dark tourism has been widely expanded over the recent years, less attention was given to the Southeast Asian destinations. Dark tourism exhibits events that are marked a disgrace, the fatalities that interrogate on our own vulnerability. As a gaze of the Significant Other, dark tourism anthropologically mediates between our finitude and the future. The chapter centers on Philippines as a new emergent destination of dark tourism, stressing the contributions of the industry to the heritage sites but alerting the contradictions this new morbid consumption generates.
Digital Financial Inclusion in India
Authors: Agrawal Gaurav , Jain Pooja
Published: March 2019

Financial inclusion is a multidimensional approach. With technology intervention in financial inclusion, electronic banking activity in rural India leads to increased use of financial services and better living standards. In the rising market, many people using mobile phones still are not able to access banking products and financial services. This indicates a huge untouched market for commercial banks. In India, mobile banking services are still in the early stages of development. Thus, the main objective of the chapter is to understand the factors that would act as drivers towards the adoption of mobile financial services and understand people's intention to adopt and use of mobile banking services which lead to increases accessibility towards financial products among rural people as well improve standards of living and overall development of the nation. The study focuses on utilizing secondary sources which is related to financial inclusion to understand the new banking technology and identifies people's behavior towards adoption and uses of banking services.
Developing an Online Presence
Authors: Brunvand Stein , Miteza Ilir
Published: March 2019

This chapter outlines the process developed at the University of Michigan – Dearborn (UM-Dearborn) to support the development, facilitation, and evaluation of online courses and programs. In addition to the step-by-step account of initiatives and actions, this chapter centers on the guiding principles of enhancing online course quality, investing in faculty support and innovation, and providing robust online support to students. Initiatives and strategies outlined in this chapter are undergirded by these principles and provide guidance to any higher education institution that has a limited and/or disparate catalog of online offerings and is committed to finding a pathway to a more robust array of online educational opportunities.
High Quality Online Programs
Authors: Norris Sharon E.
Published: March 2019

The development of high quality online programs requires ongoing commitment and dedication at all levels of colleges and universities. The availability of online programs and courses benefits working adults by making access to graduate education possible. Online education is also advantageous to the growth of colleges and universities by expanding market reach without requiring major capital expenditures for buildings and operational support staff in new locations. Even though there is ease of entry into new markets with online courses and programs, college and university leaders cannot ignore the need for integrating online programs with the entire institution and providing necessary support services to students and faculty. To ensure high quality in online program offerings, support for online programs must be embedded throughout the various departments within the institution. The role of leadership and teamwork is vital to developing high quality online programming and student-centered support for graduate education.
Implementation and Performance Assessment of Biomedical Image Compression and Reconstruction Algorithms for Telemedicine Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Charu , Sharma Urvashi , Jain Shruti , Sood Meenakshi
Published: March 2019

Compression serves as a significant feature for efficient storage and transmission of medical, satellite, and natural images. Transmission speed is a key challenge in transmitting a large amount of data especially for magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan images. Compressive sensing is an optimization-based option to acquire sparse signal using sub-Nyquist criteria exploiting only the signal of interest. This chapter explores compressive sensing for correct sensing, acquisition, and reconstruction of clinical images. In this chapter, distinctive overall performance metrics like peak signal to noise ratio, root mean square error, structural similarity index, compression ratio, etc. are assessed for medical image evaluation by utilizing best three reconstruction algorithms: basic pursuit, least square, and orthogonal matching pursuit. Basic pursuit establishes a well-renowned reconstruction method among the examined recovery techniques. At distinct measurement samples, on increasing the number of measurement samples, PSNR increases significantly and RMSE decreases.
Electrocardiogram Dynamic Interval Feature Extraction for Heartbeat Characterization
Authors: Verma Atul Kumar , Saini Indu , Saini Barjinder Singh
Published: March 2019

In the chapter, dynamic time domain features are extracted in the proposed approach for the accurate classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeats. The dynamic time-domain information such as RR, pre-RR, post-RR, ratio of pre-post RR, and ratio of post-pre RR intervals to be extracted from the ECG beats in proposed approach for heartbeat classification. These four extracted features are combined and fed to k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier with tenfold cross-validation to classify the six different heartbeats (i.e., normal [N], right bundle branch block [RBBB], left bundle branch block [LBBB], atrial premature beat [APC], paced beat [PB], and premature ventricular contraction[PVC]). The average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictivity along with overall accuracy is obtained as 99.77%, 99.97%, 99.71%, and 99.85%, respectively, for the proposed classification system. The experimental result tells that proposed classification approach has given better performance as compared with other state-of-the-art feature extraction methods for the heartbeat characterization.
Roots of the Normative Practice Approach
Authors: Glas Gerrit
Published: March 2019

This chapter focuses on the philosophy of Dutch philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd (1894-1977), whose systematic philosophy has informed and inspired the initial formulations of the normative practice approach. Central concepts like mode, aspect, entity, meaning, heart, and ground motive will be discussed. The relevance of these concepts for the normative practice approach will be pointed out.
Engineering
Authors: Harandi Mehdi F.
Published: March 2019

Engineering is one of the social practices for which a normative practice approach in analyzing tensions in the practice can be fruitful, particularly when combined with an actor-network analysis. That is illustrated in this chapter by the Zayandehrud river case of water management in Iran. The modernist hydrocracy that was installed appeared to backfire strongly and resulted in serious environmental damage. The normative practice analysis shows how conflicting norms between different sub-practices can explain the problems that emerged. The analysis also suggests an alternative for this modernist hydrocracy.
International Cooperation in Development
Authors: Jochemsen Henk , Rademaker Corné J.
Published: March 2019

The development aid of affluent to poor countries is currently much debated. Though in the decades of aid many people have been helped to survive and improve their living conditions, the problem of severe poverty and injustice is far from solved. Three types of critique explain this failure to a large extent: first, the way in which the development assistance is provided, or not; second, the observation that motivational and informational problems frustrate the collective-actions that should lead to “development”; third, ideological critique that the cooperation is too much an extension of the predominant modernist, neoliberal economic, and financial system of our time. Analyzing development cooperation and assistance with the NPA leads to the identification of normative characteristics of this practice. If the actual realization of development cooperation and the larger institutional context of this professional practice would respect that normativity, the effectiveness and justice of the cooperation could significantly be improved.
Ad Hominem in Argumentation
Authors: Amakali Justina Latenda , Kangira Jairos , Ekanjume-Ilongo Beatrice
Published: March 2019

Emotional arguments (ad hominem) are messages directed to attacking a person, sidestepping the logical argument. In parliament, members of Parliament (MPs) use emotional arguments and language to influence their opponent or audience attitudes and behavior. While it may be argued that ad hominem attacks are effective in argumentation, it is also observed that they might have a bad effect on either the speaker or the audience. This chapter demonstrates how some MPs used stylistic devices such as anti-thesis, sarcasm, provocation, rhetorical questions and invectives to appeal to the recipients' emotions. Relying on MPs' speeches found in the Hansard of the Namibian Parliament, the authors show that although ad hominem in parliamentary debates brought some bad feelings to the recipients, they were generally intended for positive effects of winning arguments. These findings are essential in distinguishing the positive and negative influences that stylistic devices have on the audiences of parliament through different forms of ad hominem.
Advancements in Cardiovascular Diagnostics
Authors: Li Yan , Fang Karen L. , Huang Zhi , Lu Yun , Zhang Bin , Yao Yali
Published: March 2019

The cardiology diagnostic are the methods of identifying current or past heart conditions, which can advise caregivers on patient diagnosis and provide a proper therapy plan, nowadays couple new diagnostic methods have been developed and some of them like radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary computed tomography angiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, intravascular ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, intravascular thermography, intravascular elastography, and near-infrared spectroscopy have been approved for clinical use. Not only the advanced technologies, the new biomarkers, and genetic markers may provide new potential targets for the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of heart diseases.
Real-Time Cardio Monitoring and Characterization of Diseases Introducing Statistical and Spectrogram Analysis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Soumyendu , Ghosh Subham , Neogi Biswarup
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides significant theoretical and systematic frameworks and the latest empirical research towards the development of an automated cardiovascular disorder diagnostic system with the classifier. This research proposes an accurate non-invasive model of the cardiovascular diseases diagnostic system. This model of diagnostic system supports superior mobility with continuous real-time monitoring facility. This monitoring system will uncover a new dimension towards cardiovascular research. A physician will able to monitor several heart patients remotely with this device. Also, they can prescribe proper medicine remotely to the patient in an emergency. The system also has a provision to alert the patient by predicting the specific type of cardiovascular disorder accurately. An automated cardiovascular disorder diagnostic system development focuses towards the prime objective. Another objective is the adoption of modern classification technique for detecting cardiovascular disorders with high accuracy.
Development of a Fuzzy Logic-Based Model for Monitoring Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Idowu Peter Adebayo , Ajibola Sarumi Olusegun , Balogun Jeremiah Ademola , Ogunlade Oluwadare
Published: March 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are top killers with heart failure as one of the most leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, the inability to consistently monitor the vital signs of patients has led to the hospitalization and untimely death of many as a result of heart failure. Fuzzy logic models have found relevance in healthcare services due to their ability to measure vagueness associated with uncertainty management in intelligent systems. This study aims to develop a fuzzy logic model for monitoring heart failure risk using risk indicators assessed from patients. Following interview with expert cardiologists, the different stages of heart failure was identified alongside their respective indicators. Triangular membership functions were used to fuzzify the input and output variables while the fuzzy inference engine was developed using rules elicited from cardiologists. The model was simulated using the MATLAB® Fuzzy Logic Toolbox.
Computer Predictive Model for Plaque Formation and Progression in the Artery
Authors: Filipovic Nenad , Radovic Milos , Nikolic Dalibor D. , Saveljic Igor , Milosevic Zarko , Exarchos Themis P. , Pelosi Gualtiero , Fotiadis Dimitrios I. , Parodi Oberdan
Published: March 2019

In this chapter we described predictive model for plaque formation and progression in the coronary and carotid artery. A full three-dimensional model for plaque formation and progression, coupled with blood flow and LDL concentration is analysed. The Navier-Stokes equations together with the Darcy law for model blood filtration and Kedem-Katchalsky equations are implemented. Additionally, the system of three additional reaction-diffusion equations for simulation of the inflammatory process is coupled with full incremental iterative procedure. We developed hybrid genetic algorithm for fitting parameters of ODE model for oxidized LDL, macrophage, smooth muscle cell and foam cell concentration evolution in time. The animal carotid and coronary artery after 2 month of high fat diet are examined. We compared with CT our computer model of the plaque size for three groups of patients: De-novo, Old-lesions and Control patients. Detailed shear stress distributions for baseline and follow-up for these patients are given. There is a good matching for plaque size and location.
Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Worku Berhane , Girardi Leonard
Published: March 2019

Thoracic aortic disease most commonly presents in the form of aneurysmal dilation or dissection of the ascending or descending thoracic aorta, most commonly secondary to degenerative disease and hypertension. Several genetic connective tissue disorders are commonly associated as well. Treatment is focused on blood pressure control and surgical repair. Surgical repair of thoracic aortic disease presents unique risks, including neurologic injury involving the brain or spinal cord, and several adjuncts are available to mitigate against this risk. This chapter discusses commonly associated risk factors, preoperative testing, surgical repair, and postoperative management of thoracic aortic disease along with strategies for minimizing neurologic injury.
Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly an Early Care
Authors: Prasad Barre Vijaya , Akbar Shamsi , R. Ashwini
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes how cardiovascular disease in industrialized nations the proportion is higher, reaching 90%. Ageing has a remarkable effect on the heart and arterial system, out of which leading to an increase in cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of Cardiovascular Disease morbidity and mortality today. Coronary heart disease accounts for 70 to 80 per cent of deaths in men and women in adults over 60 years of age. Congestive Heart Failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in the elderly. Since a significant proportion of the population is and will be elderly and the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease in this population is so profound, it is important to understand the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular disease in the elderly
On the Use of System-Level Benchmarks for Comparing Public Cloud Environments
Authors: Ahuja Sanjay P.
Published: March 2019

The proliferation of public cloud providers and services offered necessitate that end users have benchmarking-related information that help compare the properties of the cloud computing environment being provided. System-level benchmarks are used to measure the performance of overall system or subsystem. This chapter surveys the system-level benchmarks that are used for traditional computing environments that can also be used to compare cloud computing environments. Amazon's EC2 Service is one of the leading public cloud service providers and offers many different levels of service. The research in this chapter focuses on system-level benchmarks and looks into evaluating the memory, CPU, and I/O performance of two different tiers of hardware offered through Amazon's EC2. Using three distinct types of system benchmarks, the performance of the micro spot instance and the M1 small instance are measured and compared. In order to examine the performance and scalability of the hardware, the virtual machines are set up in a cluster formation ranging from two to eight nodes.
A Privacy-Preserving Feature Extraction Method for Big Data Analytics Based on Data-Independent Reusable Projection
Authors: Ravindran Siddharth , G. Aghila
Published: March 2019

Big data analytics is one of the key research areas ever since the advancement of internet technologies, social media, mobile networks, and internet of things (IoT). The volume of big data creates a major challenge to the data scientist while interpreting the information from raw data. The privacy of user data is an important issue faced by the users who utilize the computing resources from third party (i.e., cloud environment). This chapter proposed a data independent reusable projection (DIRP) technique for reducing the dimension of the original high dimensional data and also preserves the privacy of the data in analysis phase. The proposed method projects the high dimensional input data into the random low dimensional space. The data independent and distance preserving property helps the proposed method to reduce the computational complexity of the machine learning algorithm. The randomness of data masks the original input data which helps to solve the privacy issue during data analysis. The proposed algorithm has been tested with the MNIST hand written digit recognition dataset.
Evaluation of Reliable Data Storage in Cloud Using an Efficient Encryption Technique
Authors: Sarkar Saswati , Kundu Anirban , Banerjee Ayan
Published: March 2019

Cloud-based reliable and protected data storage technique is proposed in this chapter. The proposed technique encrypts and protects data with less time consumption. Power consumption of storage is dependent upon capacity of storage and physical size of storage. Time analysis is presented graphically in this chapter. Reliable data storage is represented in cloud based proposed approach. Data is encrypted with minimum time complexity due to usage of proposed cloud-based reliable data storage. The competent ratio of time complexity is graphically observed in proposed data storage technique. Power consumption of storage has been typically dependent on the basis of capacity of storage and amount of storage. A ratio of power consumption and capacity of storage is presented in cloud-based approach. An efficient usage of energy is shown depending on current consumption and voltage in proposed reliable approach.
A System for Natural Language Interaction With the Heterogeneous Information Network
Authors: Do Phuc
Published: March 2019

In this chapter, the authors present their system, which can use natural language query to interact with heterogeneous information networks (HIN). This chapter proposes a solution combining the GraphFrames, recurrent neural network (RNN) long short-term memory (LSTM), and dependency relation of question for generating, training, understanding the question-answer pairs and selecting the best match answer for this question. The RNN-LSTM is used to generate the answer from the facts of knowledge graph. The authors need to build a training data set of question-answer pairs from a very large knowledge graph by using GraphFrames for big graph processing. To improve the performance of GraphFrames, they repartition the GraphFrames. For complicated query, they use the Stanford dependency parser to analyze the question and build the motif pattern for searching GraphFrames. They also develop a chatbot that can interact with the knowledge graph by using the natural language query. They conduct their system with question-answer generated from DBLP to prove the performance of our proposed system.
Survey on Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) Threats and Security
Authors: Chiappetta Andrea
Published: March 2019

Analyzing the evolution of new generation peripherals can affirm that the next decade will be characterized by the exponential increase in the number of “objects” interconnected to the internet that will be more able to communicate with each other independently and will lead to the affirmation of the paradigm internet of things (IoT), which will revolutionize everyday life on a global level. This evolution will concern not only the business realities, interested in the development of applications and systems necessary to emerge and be competitive on the market but also the ordinary citizens who will be surrounded by interconnected objects able to facilitate their everyday life. This aspect implies particular attention to the implementation of solutions oriented to cyber security necessary to guarantee an efficient and effective level of protection against the threats coming from the “world” internet, known by the term cyber space.
Chaos Theory and Systems in Cloud Content Security
Authors: Zaveri Kanksha , Shah Niti , Mangrulkar Ramchandra S.
Published: March 2019

Cloud computing involves storing data using a third party that ensures that confidential data cannot be accessed even by the cloud itself. Thus, security is one major issue in cloud computing. Recent advancements in exploiting chaotic systems' sensitivity to initial conditions, and their ability to extract strings of random numbers for confusion and diffusion have helped enhance security. They can provide resistance from statistical attack and protection against reconstruction dynamics. However, the concept of chaos for security is still in its emerging stages. This chapter presents how chaos theory can be used for random number generation to further secure data in the cloud. The authors have discussed and compared some popular methods for authentication and encryption of data, images, and videos. The overview of chaos engineering discusses the discipline of experimenting on multi-server systems to ensure its ability to tackle glitches.
A Perspective on Using Blockchain for Ensuring Security in Smart Card Systems
Authors: Lohachab Ankur
Published: March 2019

Due to the momentous growth in the field of Internet of Things (IoT), various commercial and government organizations are exploring possibilities of mass issuance of smart cards in different applications. Widespread deployment of smart card-based systems in heterogeneous environment would facilitate card holders to participate in these applications in a personalized manner. Despite the security features, valuable data and access to decisive services make these systems prime target for attackers. These systems can be subjected to a range of security attacks – from hardware exploitation to exploitation of software bugs, from unauthorized data access to social engineering, and so forth. In the future, where many sectors will be trying to adopt the concept of Blockchain, it will create new opportunities for benefiting citizens with enhanced security over their data. In this chapter, the author performs in-depth analysis over the role of Blockchain in securing the smart card ecosystem.
Survey on Various MapReduce Scheduling Algorithms
Authors: Pandey Vaibhav , Saini Poonam
Published: March 2019

The advent of social networking and internet of things (IoT) has resulted in exponential growth of data in the last few years. This, in turn, has increased the need to process and analyze such data for optimal decision making. In order to achieve better results, there is an emergence of newly-built architectures for parallel processing. Hadoop MapReduce (MR) is a programming model that is considered as one of the most powerful computation tools for processing the data on a given cluster of commodity nodes. However, the management of clusters along with various quality requirements necessitates the use of efficient MR scheduling. The chapter discusses the classification of MR scheduling algorithms based on their applicability with required parameters of quality of service (QoS). After classification, a detailed study of MR schedulers has been presented along with their comparison on various parameters.
Using Data Analytics to Predict Hospital Mortality in Sepsis Patients
Authors: Alnsour Yazan , Hadidi Rassule , Singh Neetu
Published: March 2019

Predictive analytics can be used to anticipate the risks associated with some patients, and prediction models can be employed to alert physicians and allow timely proactive interventions. Recently, health care providers have been using different types of tools with prediction capabilities. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of in-hospital death in the United States and worldwide. In this study, the authors used a large medical dataset to develop and present a model that predicts in-hospital mortality among Sepsis patients. The predictive model was developed using a dataset of more than one million records of hospitalized patients. The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified using the chi-square automatic interaction detector. The authors found that adding hospital attributes to the predictive model increased the accuracy from 82.08% to 85.3% and the area under the curve from 0.69 to 0.84, which is favorable compared to using only patients' attributes. The authors discuss the practical and research contributions of using a predictive model that incorporates both patient and hospital attributes in identifying high-risk patients.
Leituras da relação entre cultura e qualidade na educação/educação física venezuelana: entre incursões teóricas e aportes de pesquisadores universitários
Authors: Rizzo Marco Antonio Lima , Lara Larissa Michelle , Souza Vânia De Fátima Matias de
Published: March 2019

Este texto apresenta dimensões da cultura e da qualidade na educação/educação física venezuelana por meio de incursões teóricas e aporte de professores-pesquisadores ligados a instituições de ensino superior. Constam dessa coleta documentos educacionais, referenciais teóricos e informações obtidas por meio de questionário online. Com base nos dados encontrados, examinou-se que a) o tema da cultura na produção de conhecimento em educação física na Venezuela ainda é incipiente; b) a cultura está presente na escola, embora pouco evidenciada na educação física, sendo geralmente associada a tradições e costumes; c) não é comum a tematização da educação física junto a termos como cultura física, cultura corporal e cultura de movimento; d) o marco teórico existente reveste-se de conteúdo esportivo, com influências da psicomotricidade e sociomotricidade; e) a qualidade da educação física é comprometida, em especial, pelo fato de o Estado visualizá-la como complementar às carências dos esportes institucionais.
#Zikazero: o empreendedorismo na educação como estratégia produtora de governamentalidade neoliberal
Authors: Miguel Iván Gregorio Silva , Tomazetti Elisete Medianeira
Published: March 2019

O artigo utiliza-se da campanha de combate ao mosquito Aedes Aegypti desenvolvida pelo governo do Brasil em finais do ano de 2015 e começo de 2016, e através dela problematiza algumas conexões entre as noções de biopolítica, biopoder e governamentalidade e o que parece se apresentar como uma tendência à produção de sujeitos empreendedores na educação deste país. Pensamos que a campanha, denominada #ZIKAZERO, pode funcionar como um exemplo do que parece ser uma convocação à escola por parte da sociedade para assumir o papel de carro chefe da paulatina entrada do empreendedorismo na educação formal. No texto desenvolveremos, em primeiro lugar, os três conceitos antes citados, tendo como pano de fundo a campanha em questão; em segundo lugar vincularemos a educação à sociedade de consumo utilizando a noção de empreendedorismo como link que favorece os processos de ida e vinda entre ambas; e por último, mostraremos como a campanha #ZIKAZERO serve de exemplo para expor algumas práticas vinculadas ao movimento do empreendedorismo, e como a população é chamada a ‘fazer sua parte’ no que pareceria ser uma produção de subjetividades empreendedoras.
The gut microbiota and potential importance in paediatrics
Authors: Sathiadas M.
Published: March 2019

Gut microbiota are commensals seen in the gastrointestinal system having both pathogenic and non-pathogenic effects. Some microbiota that are available commercially have benefits in acute gastroenteritis, necrotising enterocolitis in low birth weight babies and in certain types of allergies. The use of probiotics is debatable in clinical use and it is not recommended in seriously ill immunodeficient children. The duration of the use of probiotics and type of organisms that are commercially available to be used in different disease conditions also have varied recommendations.
Core of Evidence based Medicine
Authors: Ajantha K.
Published: March 2019

No abstract available
Vibrio cholerae OmpU Mediates CD36-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation Triggering an Additional Pathway of MAPK Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Prasad G. V. R. Krishna , Dhar Vinica , Mukhopadhaya Arunika
Published: March 2019

OmpU, one of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae, induces TLR1/2–MyD88–NF-κB–dependent proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes and macrophages of human and mouse origin. In this study, we report that in both the cell types, OmpU-induced proinflammatory responses involve activation of MAPKs (p38 and JNK). Interestingly, we observed that in OmpU-treated macrophages, p38 activation is TLR2 dependent, but JNK activation happens through a separate pathway involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase complex and mitochondrial ROS. Further, we observed that OmpU-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation probably depends on OmpU translocation to mitochondria and NADPH oxidase–mediated ROS production is due to activation of scavenger receptor CD36. For the first time, to our knowledge, we are reporting that a Gram-negative bacterial protein can activate CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor. Additionally, we found that in OmpU-treated monocytes, both JNK and p38 activation is linked to the TLR2 activation only. Therefore, the ability of macrophages to employ multiple receptors such as TLR2 and CD36 to recognize a single ligand, as in this case OmpU, probably explains the very basic nature of macrophages being more proinflammatory than monocytes.
4-1BB Regulates Effector CD8 T Cell Accumulation in the Lung Tissue through a TRAF1-, mTOR-, and Antigen-Dependent Mechanism to Enhance Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Respiratory Influenza Infection
Authors: Zhou Angela C. , Batista Nathália V. , Watts Tania H.
Published: March 2019

The TNFR superfamily member 4-1BB is important in the establishment of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung tissue following influenza infection. Moreover, supraphysiological boosting of 4-1BB in the airways during the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization regimen increases the long-lived Trm population, correlating with increased protection against heterotypic challenge. However, little is known about how 4-1BB contributes to the establishment of the lung Trm population. In this study, we show that effects of 4-1BB on lung Trm accumulation are already apparent at the effector stage, suggesting that the major role of 4-1BB in Trm formation is to allow persistence of CD8 T effector cells in the lung as they transition to Trm. Using supraphysiological stimulation of 4-1BB in the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization, we show that the effect of 4-1BB on Trm generation requires local delivery of both Ag and costimulation, is inhibited by rapamycin treatment during secondary CD8 effector T cell expansion, and is dependent on the signaling adaptor TRAF1. The decrease in lung Trm following early rapamycin treatment is accompanied by increased circulating memory T cells, as well as fewer effectors, suggesting a role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the formation of Trm through effects on the accumulation of effector precursors. Taken together, these data point to an important role for 4-1BB, TRAF1, and mTOR in the persistence of CD8 effector T cells in the lung parenchyma, thereby allowing the transition to Trm.
Typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by phenotypic and genotypic techniques in New Delhi, India
Authors: Sood Seema , Mahajan Neeraj , Singh Rajendra , Agrawal Sonu Kumari , Shende Trupti , Kapil Arti , Kar Hemanta K. , Sharma Vinod K.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to investigate gonococcal isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods.

METHODOLOGY: Sixty gonococcal isolates obtained were examined. Strains were divided into 9 resistant phenotypes: Chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CMRNGP), penicillinase-producing NG (PPNG), chromosomally mediated tetracycline-resistant NG (CMRNGT), TRNG, PPNG and TRNG, CMRNGPT, quinolone resistant NG (QRNG), Azithro R, and decreased susceptibility (DS) to ceftriaxone. These isolates were also subjected to auxotyping and NG-multi-antigen sequence typing (MAST).

RESULTS: Of 60 isolates, 32 (53.33%) PPNG and only one was CMRNGP; 16 (26.66%) were CMRNGT, while 18 (30%) were TRNG. Both PPNG and TRNG found in 13 (21.66%) and none were CMRNGPT. QRNG was seen in 93.33%, 5% Azithromycin R, and 6.66% were DS to ceftriaxone. Based on auxotyping, 24 (40%) nonrequiring, 16 (26.66%) were proline requiring, 13 (21.66%) arginine requiring while 7 (11.66%) belonged to others. The most common ST was 6058 (32.5%). The discriminatory indices of antibiogram, auxotyping and NG-MAST were 0.77, 0.72, and 0.95, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: NG-MAST is the method of choice for epidemiological studies.
Mucopolysaccharidosis: A case report highlighting hematological aspects of the disease
Authors: Jain Rubal , Khurana Ujjawal , Bhan Bhavna Dhingra , Goel Garima , Kapoor Neelkamal
Published: March 2019

A 1½-year-old female child presented with swelling in thoracolumbar region and delayed developmental milestones. The routine hemogram analysis on Sysmex XN 1000 showed flags of white blood cell (WBC) abnormal scattergram and lymphocytosis. The peripheral smear examination showed Alder–Reilly (AR) granules leading to a suspicion of underlying Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Further clinical workup, radiographic studies, chemical test lead to the confirmatory diagnosis of MPS. A flag of abnormal WBC scattergram and AR anomaly are the hematological findings that can be seen in a case of MPS.
The Monge–Ampère equation for non-integrable almost complex structures
Authors: Chu Jianchun , Tosatti Valentino , Weinkove Ben
Published: March 2019

We show existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Monge–Ampère equation on compact almost complex manifolds with non-integrable almost complex structure.
Variation of size-segregated particle number concentrations in winter Beijing
Authors: Zhou Ying , Dada Lubna , Liu Yiliang , Fu Yueyun , Kangasluoma Juha , Chan Tommy , Yan Chao , Chu Biwu , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Bianchi Federico , Kokkonen Tom , Liu Yongchun , Kujansuu Joni , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Wang Lin , Jiang Jingkun , Kulmala Markku
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Aerosol number concentration varying spatially and temporally is a good indicator of the dynamic behavior of Beijing's atmospheric cocktail. This variation represents the strength of different contributing primary and secondary sources such as traffic and new particle formation, respectively. In this paper we report size-segregated particle number concentrations observed at newly developed Beijing station during winter 2018. Our measurements cover number size distributions of particles in a diameter range between 1.5 nm and 1 μm (cluster mode, nucleation mode, Aitken mode and accumulation mode), thus being descriptive of a major fraction of the processes happening in the atmosphere of Beijing. Here we aim to explain the concentration variation in the observed modes by relating them to potential aerosol sources as well as to understand the connection between the modes. We focused on two types of days (haze and new particle formation) and divided the data accordingly. Our results show that during new particle formation (NPF) days, an increase in the cluster mode particles was observed. In contrast, during haze days we observed a high concentration of accumulation mode particles. There was a clear correlation between the cluster and nucleation modes during NPF days, while it was absent during haze days. In addition, we correlated the different modes with concentrations of trace gases and other parameters measured at our station. Our results show that all modes in the sub-micron size range correlated with NOx which clearly reflects the contribution of traffic to all particle sizes.
Design of a robot-assisted exoskeleton for passive wrist and forearm rehabilitation
Authors: Kütük Mehmet Erkan , Dülger Lale Canan , Daş Memik Taylan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a new exoskeleton design for wrist and forearm rehabilitation. The contribution of this study is to offer a methodology which shows how to adapt a serial manipulator that reduces the number of actuators used on exoskeleton design for the rehabilitation. The system offered is a combination of end-effector- and exoskeleton-based devices. The passive exoskeleton is attached to the end effector of the manipulator, which provides motion for the purpose of rehabilitation process. The Denso VP 6-Axis Articulated Robot is used to control motion of the exoskeleton during the rehabilitation process. The exoskeleton is designed to be used for both wrist and forearm motions. The desired moving capabilities of the exoskeleton are flexion–extension (FE) and adduction–abduction (AA) motions for the wrist and pronation–supination (PS) motion for the forearm. The anatomical structure of a human limb is taken as a constraint during the design. The joints on the exoskeleton can be locked or unlocked manually in order to restrict or enable the movements. The parts of the exoskeleton include mechanical stoppers to prevent the excessive motion. One passive degree of freedom (DOF) is added in order to prevent misalignment problems between the axes of FE and AA motions. Kinematic feedback of the experiments is performed by using a wireless motion tracker assembled on the exoskeleton. The results proved that motion transmission from robot to exoskeleton is satisfactorily achieved. Instead of different exoskeletons in which each axis is driven and controlled separately, one serial robot with adaptable passive exoskeletons is adequate to facilitate rehabilitation exercises.
Big data in healthcare research - how can we address public concerns of privacy
Authors: Yu Richard Ying , Robinson Lily , Patel Salonee
Published: March 2019

Big data is an emerging technological field that encompasses massive datasets. Its role in the healthcare field is currently being explored and has the potential to greatly improve healthcare and disease surveillance through pattern analysis of health data. Concerns had by the general public focus primarily on potential breaches of privacy and confidentiality of patient medical health records in the context of research. These concerns relate to the innate characteristics of big data, such as large size and fast data acquisition speed, which increases the risk of breaching confidentiality. Therefore, it is important for physicians to be mindful of privacy concerns and maintain trust as big data becomes more prominent. Doing so is a key factor in building public trust in the use. Understanding strategies and limitations of current practice standards will allow physicians to build on existing guidelines to incorporate the rise of big data. This means prioritizing privacy when handling big data through anonymization, creating safe havens and promoting dynamic informed consent practice standards.
Challenges to Using Big Data in Health Services Research
Authors: Kang Hosung , Sibbald Shannon
Published: March 2019

Given the shift in current healthcare trends toward digitization of storing information, there has been an increase in the number of studies using administrative databases. These databases provide a powerful tool to conduct research on outcomes, health services, and epidemiology. However, these databases have limitations and biases that should be considered. Given the sensitive information regarding patients’ health in the database, security clearances must be granted before data is accessed. Furthermore, algorithms to link the different variables to create a cohort of people with specific disease are imperfect and may not yield an accurate representation. Due to a large volume of records, a statistically significant finding may be observed, but may provide insignificant clinical results. Despite the current limitations, administrative databases provide powerful data that researchers can use to identify gaps in performance to improve the healthcare system.
Robot-assisted surgical treatment in a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: Ho Jordan , Bami Herman
Published: March 2019

We present a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a 14-year-old female. The patient was initially managed using dietary changes and postprandial assumption of the left lateral decubitus position, however, after two months with no improvement, the patient was treated using a robot-assisted Strong’s procedure.  The patient fully recovered within one year.  We further discuss superior mesenteric artery syndrome and its current treatment practices, and give a general overview of the current state of robot-assisted surgery.
The promise of natural language processing in healthcare
Authors: Attrey Rohin , Levit Alexander
Published: March 2019

The healthcare industry generates data at a rapid rate, with no signs of slowing down. A large portion of this information takes the form of unstructured narrative text, making it difficult for computer systems to analyze the data in a usable format. However, automated analysis of this information could be incredibly useful in daily practice. This could be accomplished with natural language processing, an area of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics that is used to analyze and process large sets of unstructured data, namely spoken or written communication. Natural language processing has already been implemented in many sectors, and the industry is projected to be worth US$16 billion by 2021. Natural language processing could take unstructured patient data and interpret meaning from the text, allowing that information to inform healthcare delivery. Natural language processing can also enable intelligent chatbots, interacting and providing medical support to patients. It has the potential to aid physicians by efficiently summarizing patient charts and predicting patient outcomes. In hospitals, it has the ability to analyze patient satisfaction and facilitate quality improvement. Despite current technical limitations, natural language processing is a rapidly developing technology that promises to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery.
A Contribution to Discussions Regarding Learning Style: The Changes Occurring within Three Weeks of Time
Authors: Tuncer Murat , Dikmen Melih
Published: March 2019

This particular research is a contribution to discussions regarding whether teaching and tuition may be exercised with respect to learning style in terms of changes occurring within an assigned period of time. Kolb learning style inventory was applied on teacher candidates for an interval of three weeks within the scope of the research and the obtained results were discussed pursuantly. It was determined that the learning styles may change and vary in terms of durations which can pose a problem with respect to teaching planning’s as a consequence of the research. The identified changes made comparison of the learning style with respect to independent variables open to criticism. It is recommended that attention better be paid on selection of data analysis techniques for evaluation of the learning styles based on certain independent variables. Learning styles changes within a short period of time. Yet the question to be replied is which experiences lead the way to change. Remarks and opinions defending necessity of teaching based on learning styles will not be approved before answering this critical question.
Festa pública i memorialística a la Barcelona barroca
Authors: Llàcer Martorell Arantxa
Published: March 2019

Una de les eines més efectives per poder conèixer amb més detall els esdeveniments de la història és la memorialística. Mitjançant l’estudi d’aquests testimonis de primera mà, ara som capaços d’esbrinar els interessos i les preocupacions del conjunt de la societat en cada període històric. Aquest article pretén descriure el funcionament general de la memorialística i les característiques dels dietaris més concretament. A través de l’estudi de dietaris institucionals catalans però també d’altres de caire privat, duts a terme per autors particulars, desgranem els detalls de la festa barroca de la ciutat comtal i entenem com els esdeveniments més rellevants afectaven la seua quotidianitat i la dels seus coetanis. Veurem amb cadascun dels testimonis elements diferents d’un mateix moment, punts d’atenció diversos davant una mateixa actualitat i, alhora, formes molt variades de fer memòria.
Callado, Emilio. El embajador de María. Don Luis Crespí de Borja (Madrid, 2018).
Authors: Alabrus Rosa Maria
Published: March 2019

Reseña de Callado, Emilio. El embajador de María. Don Luis Crespí de Borja (Madrid, 2018).
O (nie)rzetelności inkwizycyjnego procesu karnego w świetle prawa europejskiego
Authors: Piech Karolina
Published: March 2019

The article deals with one of the elementary principles of the criminal trial – reliability of the trial – in conventional and constitutional terms. The author analyses the concept of fair trial and details the most important elements. Then she considers whether the currently existing model of the criminal trial in Poland, rich in inquisitional institutions, is compatible with the principle of a fair trial. She analyses the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure, compares these regulations with principles of impartiality, objectivity and equality of procedural parties that are part of the concept of a fair trial.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO BANCO MUNDIAL NO EMPRESARIAMENTO DA EDUCAÇÃO:
CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA PARCERIA ENTRE O PÚBLICO-PRIVADO
Authors: Ramos Januario Erika , Alves da Silva Moreira Jani
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of World Bank (WB) -based education reforms
on education after the 1990s to present the consequences of public-private partnership in primary
and higher education. The research is qualitative, of a bibliographical character and the method
used was historical Materialism, insofar as this allows the analysis of the category totality,
evidencing the existing contradictions in capitalist society. The results were that the public and
private relationship made the educational field an attractive market for business groups,
subjecting it to commercial logic. It is concluded that the partnership allows the access and
permanence of the companies in all sectors of the educational field, mainly in the actuation and
formulation of educational policies.