bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Isoelectric Electroencephalography Events in Infants and Young Children Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: Yuan Ian , Landis William P. , Topjian Alexis A. , Abend Nicholas S. , Lang Shih-Shan , Huh Jimmy W. , Kirschen Matthew P. , Mensinger Janell L. , Zhang Bingqing , Kurth Charles D.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:

In infants and young children, anesthetic dosing is based on population pharmacokinetics and patient hemodynamics not on patient-specific brain activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides insight into brain activity during anesthesia. The primary goal of this prospective observational pilot study was to assess the prevalence of isoelectric EEG events—a sign of deep anesthesia—in infants and young children undergoing general anesthesia using sevoflurane or propofol infusion for maintenance.

METHODS:

Children 0–37 months of age requiring general anesthesia for surgery excluding cardiac, intracranial, and emergency cases were enrolled by age: 0–3, 4–6, 7–12, 13–18, and 19–37 months. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane or propofol infusion. EEG was recorded from induction to extubation. Isoelectric EEG events (amplitude <20 µV, lasting ≥2 seconds) were characterized by occurrence, number, duration, and percent of isoelectric EEG time over anesthetic time. Associations with patient demographics, anesthetic, and surgical factors were determined.

RESULTS:

Isoelectric events were observed in 63% (32/51) (95% confidence interval [CI], 49–76) of patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of isoelectric events per patient was 3 (0–31), cumulative isoelectric time per patient was 12 seconds (0–142 seconds), isoelectric time per event was 3 seconds (0–4 seconds), and percent of total isoelectric over anesthetic time was 0.1% (0%–2.2%). The greatest proportion of isoelectric events occurred between induction and incision. Isoelectric events were associated with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, propofol bolus, endotracheal tube use, and lower arterial pressure during surgical phase.

CONCLUSIONS:

Isoelectric EEG events were common in infants and young children undergoing sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Although the clinical significance of these events remains uncertain, they suggest that dosing based on population pharmacokinetics and patient hemodynamics is often associated with unnecessary deep anesthesia during surgical procedures.
Loss of function of Colgalt1 disrupts collagen post-translational modification and causes musculoskeletal defects
Authors: Geister Krista A. , Lopez-Jimenez Alberto Jose , Houghtaling Scott , Ho Tzu-Hua , Vanacore Roberto , Beier David R.
Published: May 2019

In a screen for organogenesis defects in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutant mice, we discovered a line carrying a mutation in Colgalt1 [collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase type 1], which is required for proper galactosylation of hydroxylysine residues in a number of collagens. Colgalt1 mutant embryos have not been previously characterized; here, we show that they exhibit skeletal and muscular defects. Analysis of mutant-derived embryonic fibroblasts reveals that COLGALT1 acts on collagen IV and VI, and, while collagen VI appears stable and its secretion is not affected, collagen IV accumulates inside of cells and within the extracellular matrix, possibly due to instability and increased degradation. We also generated mutant zebrafish that do not express the duplicated orthologs of mammalian Colgalt1. The double-homozygote mutants have muscle defects; they are viable through the larvae stage but do not survive to 10 days post-fertilization. We hypothesize that the Colgalt1 mutant could serve as a model of a human connective tissue disorder and/or congenital muscular dystrophy or myopathy.
Selective inhibition of N-linked glycosylation impairs receptor tyrosine kinase processing
Authors: Klaver Elsenoor , Zhao Peng , May Melanie , Flanagan-Steet Heather , Freeze Hudson H. , Gilmore Reid , Wells Lance , Contessa Joseph , Steet Richard
Published: May 2019

Global inhibition of N-linked glycosylation broadly reduces glycan occupancy on glycoproteins, but identifying how this inhibition functionally impacts specific glycoproteins is challenging. This limits our understanding of pathogenesis in the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). We used selective exo-enzymatic labeling of cells deficient in the two catalytic subunits of oligosaccharyltransferase – STT3A and STT3B – to monitor the presence and glycosylation status of cell surface glycoproteins. We show reduced abundance of two canonical tyrosine receptor kinases – the insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) – at the cell surface in STT3A-null cells, due to decreased N-linked glycan site occupancy and proteolytic processing in combination with increased endoplasmic reticulum localization. Providing cDNA for Golgi-resident proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5a (PCSK5a) and furin cDNA to wild-type and mutant cells produced under-glycosylated forms of PCSK5a, but not furin, in cells lacking STT3A. Reduced glycosylation of PCSK5a in STT3A-null cells or cells treated with the oligosaccharyltransferase inhibitor NGI-1 corresponded with failure to rescue receptor processing, implying that alterations in the glycosylation of this convertase have functional consequences. Collectively, our findings show that STT3A-dependent inhibition of N-linked glycosylation on receptor tyrosine kinases and their convertases combines to impair receptor processing and surface localization. These results provide new insight into CDG pathogenesis and highlight how the surface abundance of some glycoproteins can be dually impacted by abnormal glycosylation.
A Theoretical Basis for the Enhancement of Seebeck Coefficients in Supramolecular Thermocells
Authors: Liang Yimin , Zhou Hongyao , Yamada Teppei , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: May 2019

Seebeck coefficients (Se) of supramolecular thermocells harnessing four kinds of cyclodextrins as host molecules were investigated. Theoretical analysis revealed that association enthalpy between the hosts and triiodide has a major influence on the Seebeck coefficients of the thermocells. Thermodynamic parameters of host–guest associations were evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry, which is in good agreement with the theoretically estimated values from thermocell measurements. This result provides a guideline to estimate Seebeck coefficient of supramolecular thermocells and to determine the thermodynamic parameters.
Patterns of emergency department visits during Hajj period: Towards healthcare optimization in view of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030
Authors: Mirza Ahmad A. , Alsakkaf Mohammed A. , Mohammed Amrallah A. , Mirza Abdulrahim A. , Elmorsy Soha A.
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine the pattern of emergency department (ED) visits by Hajj patients and determine the urgency of emergency visits at an advanced healthcare center.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of Hajj patients visiting the ED at King Abdullah Medical City Makkah from September 1 to October 5, 2015 was conducted.

Results: We considered 233 visits by 199 Hajj patients. Most diseases were cardiovascular related. Approximately half of the ED visits led to hospital admission, which were largely during the evening and nighttime. Potentially avoidable visits were significantly encountered during the daytime. Average bed occupation time in the ED was similar for both cases: those admitted to inpatient care and discharged from ED. Results from the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale revealed that most patients were triaged with a score of III (48.4%) followed by a clinically better score of IV (32%); however, scores did not change significantly throughout the Hajj day.

Conclusions: During Hajj, a significant proportion of patients who visited the ED at the ultimate healthcare facility were discharged within 24 hours, with a higher rate in the morning-afternoon period. Both admitted and discharged cases required equal levels of care. Therefore, an extension in working days at primary care centers and optimization of advanced healthcare facilities during Hajj is currently warranted.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.611

How to cite this:Mirza AA, Alsakkaf MA, Mohammed AA, Mirza AA, Elmorsy SA. Patterns of emergency department visits during Hajj period: Towards healthcare optimization in view of Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):647-652.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.611

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Towards the Joint Study of Access Services and Universal Design for Learning
Authors: PATINIOTAKI EMMANOUELA
Published: May 2019

Access services have been studied from various perspectives as types of Audiovisual Translation, including their role as tools for education, and foreign language learning in particular, when audiovisual material is used for learning purposes. This paper aims to introduce a research path in audiovisual accessibility, from an Audiovisual Translation point of view, and accessible education by joining the dots between Access Services and Universal Design for Learning, with the aim to propose a holistic approach to accessible learning environments. Within this context, both access services and Universal Design for Learning are seen as both functional and pedagogical tools that can be used to achieve education which satisfies the needs of all learners. The current contribution takes Subtitling for the D/deaf and the hard-of-hearing as an example of access services whose educational value has been established and investigates its potential role in an educational environment that has been based on the principles of Universal Design for Learning.
A predictive model of overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Mahmoudian Mehrad , Seyednasrollah Fatemeh , Koivu Liisa , Hirvonen Outi , Jyrkkiö Sirkku , Elo Laura L.
Published: May 2019

Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is one of the most common cancers with a poor prognosis. To improve prognostic models of mCRPC, the Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM) Consortium organized a crowdsourced competition known as the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge. In the competition, data from four phase III clinical trials were utilized. A total of 1600 patients’ clinical information across three of the trials was used to generate prognostic models, whereas one of the datasets (313 patients) was held out for blinded validation. The previously introduced prognostic model of overall survival of chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients treated with docetaxel or prednisone (so called Halabi model) was used as a performance baseline. This paper presents the model developed by the team TYTDreamChallenge and its improved version to predict the prognosis of mCRPC patients within the first 30 months after starting the treatment based on available clinical features of each patient. In particular, by replacing our original larger set of eleven features with a smaller more carefully selected set of only five features the prediction performance on the independent validation cohort increased up to 5.4 percent. While the original TYTDreamChallenge model (iAUC=0.748) performed similarly as the performance-baseline model developed by Halabi et al. (iAUC=0.743), the improved post-challenge model (iAUC=0.779) showed markedly improved performance by using only PSA, ALP, AST, HB, and LESIONS as features. This highlights the importance of the selection of the clinical features when developing the predictive models.
Problems of Accounting and Internal Control of Overdue Receivables in Russia and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: Шамшеев Сергей , Shamsheev Sergey
Published: May 2019

Th e article deals with the problems of accounting and internal fi nancial control of non-recoverable debt in Russia, the causes of understating the indicators of statistical reporting due to the lack of legal framework governing the accounting services of institutions in the accounting of bad debts are given; the ways to solve the problem in accounting and a new classifi cation of accounts receivable are off ered.
The Economic Consistency and the Creditworthiness: the Theoretic Aspects of Analysis and the Technological Regime of Crediting
Authors: Выборова Е. , Vyborova E.
Published: May 2019

In the article the content of defi nitions «the economic consistency», «the creditability» is given and systemization of coeffi cients of fi nancial analysis is carried out. Th e article examines the peculiarities of technological regime of crediting in the part of the forms of collateral repayment.
Talking Up a Storm: How Backers Use Public Discourse to Exert Control in Crowdfunded Systems Development Projects
Authors: Gleasure Rob , Conboy Kieran , Morgan Lorraine
Published: May 2019

New models of information systems development (ISD) have emerged to accommodate distributed participation and large numbers of contributors. Crowdfunding extends distributed models by allowing members of the public to finance a project, bypassing or lessening the need for traditional investor-controllers. Backers lack most defined power relationships and control mechanisms available to traditional investor-controllers. Yet some backers still successfully assume the power to influence the projects they support. This challenges traditional notions of power and control in ISD. We thus study two famous crowdfunded cases to explore how power and control are attained in these projects. Findings show that backers do indeed collectively impose each of the same high-level control types as traditional investor-controllers, albeit the specific controls imposed may vary. Key to backers’ power is their ability to construct a positive or negative public image around a project, a power for which they continuously battle among themselves. This uncovers important vulnerabilities in crowdfunding, many of which emerge when public perceptions of project failure are high. Under these conditions, backers may become increasingly assertive, which paradoxically causes owners to become less compliant. This study further identifies issues with attracting large numbers of backers, as power and control dynamics become increasingly unstable.
Pricing Risks Across Currency Denominations
Authors: Maurer Thomas A. , Tô Thuy-Duong , Tran Ngoc-Khanh
Published: May 2019

We use principal component analysis on 55 bilateral exchange rates of 11 developed currencies to identify two important global risk sources in foreign exchange (FX) markets. The risk sources are related to Carry and Dollar but are not spanned by these factors. We estimate the market prices associated with the two risk sources in the cross-section of FX market returns and construct FX market-implied country-specific stochastic discount factors (SDFs). The SDF volatilities are related to interest rates and expected carry trade returns in the cross-section. The SDFs price international stock returns and are related to important financial stress indicators and macroeconomic fundamentals. The first principal risk is associated with the Treasury-EuroDollar (TED) spread, quantities measuring volatility, tail and contagion risks, and future economic growth. It earns a relatively small implied Sharpe ratio. The second principal risk is associated with the default and term spreads and quantities capturing volatility and illiquidity risks. It further correlates with future changes in the long-term interest rate and earns a large implied Sharpe ratio.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Inpatient Overflow: An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach
Authors: Dai J. G. , Shi Pengyi
Published: May 2019

Problem definition: Inpatient beds are usually grouped into several wards, and each ward is assigned to serve patients from certain “primary” specialties. However, when a patient waits excessively long before a primary bed becomes available, hospital managers have the option to assign her to a nonprimary bed. although it is undesirable. Deciding when to use such “overflow” is difficult in real time and under uncertainty. Relevance: To aid the decision making, we model hospital inpatient flow as a multiclass, multipool parallel-server queueing system and formulate the overflow decision problem as a discrete-time, infinite-horizon average cost Markov decision process (MDP). The MDP incorporates many realistic and important features such as patient arrival and discharge patterns depending on time of day. Methodology: To overcome the curse-of-dimensionality of this formulated MDP, we resort to approximate dynamic programming (ADP). A critical part in designing an ADP algorithm is to choose appropriate basis functions to approximate the relative value function. Using a novel combination of fluid control and single-pool approximation, we develop analytical forms to approximate the relative value functions at midnight, which then guides the choice of the basis functions for all other times of day. Results: We demonstrate, via numerical experiments in realistic hospital settings, that our proposed ADP algorithm is remarkably effective in finding good overflow policies. These ADP policies can significantly improve system performance over some commonly used overflow strategies—for example, in a baseline scenario, the ADP policy achieves a congestion level similar to that achieved by a complete bed sharing policy, while reduces the overflow proportion by 20%. Managerial implications: We quantify the trade-off between the overflow proportion and congestion from implementing ADP policies under a variety of system conditions and generate useful insights. The plotted efficient frontiers allow managers to observe various performance measures in different parameter regimes, and the ADP policies provide managers with operational strategies to achieve the desired performance.
Understanding the impact of parental mental illness
Authors: Dympna Cunnane Dympnaw
Published: May 2019

Parental mental illness can have an important impact on children and young people's health and wellbeing, yet this vulnerable group remains largely hidden. Dympna Cunnane responds and contributes information to an article published in last month's issue of BJSN.
A qualitative study exploring school nurses' experiences of safeguarding adolescents
Authors: Littler Nadine
Published: May 2019

Background:

An integral aspect of the school nurse's role is in safeguarding; therefore, they are uniquely placed to identify and assess adolescent's health and wellbeing.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to explore school nurses' experiences of safeguarding adolescence.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study was undertaken with participants recruited from five NHS trusts across England, involving semi-structured telephone interviews, which were analysed and managed with the ATLASti software using a grounded theory approach.

Findings:

Four categories were identified in the study, one was related to education, and three were related to the school nursing role. These include targeted interventions, encountering increased numbers of safeguarding risks (such as child sexual exploitation and mental health in practice), and identifying safeguarding supervision and teamwork as key factors of support within their role.

Conclusions:

This study has provided an insight into the school nurses' role in safeguarding adolescents; however, further research still needs to be undertaken on this multifaceted area of practice.
Implications for school nurses using simulator dolls to manage unplanned teen pregnancy
Authors: Hussain Humaira , Jomeen Julie , Hayter Mark , Tweheyo Ritah
Published: May 2019

Background:

School nurses are key professionals in the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to explore teenagers' perceptions of their practical parenting skills and their attitudes toward experiential learning through the use of high fidelity baby simulators.

Methods:

Virtual baby simulator dolls were used as part of sex and relationship education with school students (aged 15–16 years) to look after over a weekend. Students were recruited from a UK academy and completed a diary of their experiences while parenting, received quantitative feedback simulator reports and completed a post-study evaluation questionnaire.

Findings:

Students saw the virtual baby project as beneficial and important in schools and perceived an improvement in their understanding of practical parenting skills, sexual health and contraception.

Conclusion:

The implications of this paper are toward involving school nurses more actively in sexual health education in schools via the use of high-fidelity simulators as creative pedagogy in PSHE.
Delivering LGBT-inclusive relationships and sex education
Authors: Emmerson Lucy
Published: May 2019

Lucy Emmerson offers some guidance on what schools can do to make LGBT-inclusive approaches central to high-quality, statutory relationships and sex education for all pupils.
Helping students with the pressures and stress of exams
Authors: Stafford Clare
Published: May 2019

Exam season is looming and many pupils will be feeling the pressure. Clare Stafford looks at ideas for offering emotional support in the run-up to and during the exam period.
The Hermitian Null-range of a Matrix over a Finite Field
Authors: Ballico Edoardo
Published: May 2019

Let $q$ be a prime power. For $u=(u_1,\dots ,u_n), v=(v_1,\dots ,v_n)\in \mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n$, let $\langle u,v\rangle := \sum _{i=1}^{n} u_i^qv_i$ be the Hermitian form of $\mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n$. Fix an $n\times n$ matrix $M$ over $\mathbb {F} _{q^2}$. In this paper, it is considered the case $k=0$ of the set $\mathrm{Num} _k(M):= \{\langle u,Mu\rangle \mid u\in \mathbb {F} _{q^2}^n, \langle u,u\rangle =k\}$. When $M$ has coefficients in $\mathbb {F} _q$ the paper studies the set $\mathrm{Num} _k(M)_q:= \{\langle u,Mu\rangle \mid u\in \mathbb {F} _q^n,\langle u,u\rangle =k\}\subseteq \mathbb {F} _q$. The set $\mathrm{Num} _1(M)$ is the numerical range of $M$, previously introduced in a paper by Coons, Jenkins, Knowles, Luke, and Rault (case $q$ a prime $p\equiv 3\pmod{4}$), and by the author (arbitrary $q$). In this paper, it is studied in details $\mathrm{Num} _0(M)$ and $\mathrm{Num} _k(M)_q$ when $n=2$. If $q$ is even, $\mathrm{Num} _0(M)_q$ is easily described for arbitrary $n$. If $q$ is odd, then either $\mathrm{Num} _0(M)_q =\{0\}$, or $\mathrm{Num} _0(M)_q=\mathbb {F} _q$, or $\sharp (\mathrm{Num} _0(M)_q)=(q+1)/2$.
New perturbation bounds in unitarily invariant norms for subunitary polar factors
Authors: Zhu Lei , Xu Wei-wei , Liu Hao , Ma Li-juan
Published: May 2019

Let $A\in\mathbb{C}^{m \times n}$ have generalized polar decomposition $A = QH$ with $Q$ subunitary and $H$ positive semidefinite. Absolute and relative perturbation bounds are derived for the subunitary polar factor $Q$ in unitarily invariant norms and in $Q$-norms, that extend and improve existing bounds.
Some Graphs Determined By Their Distance Spectrum
Authors: Drury Stephen , Lin Huiqiu
Published: May 2019

Let $G$ be a connected graph with order $n$. Let $\lambda_1(D(G))\geq \cdots\geq \lambda_n(D(G))$ be the distance spectrum of $G$. In this paper, it is shown that the complements of $P_n$ and $C_n$ are determined by their $D$-spectrum. Moreover, it is shown that the cycle $C_n$ ($n$ odd) is also determined by its $D$-spectrum.
Correlation Matrices with the Perron Frobenius Property
Authors: Boyle Phelim , N'Diaye Thierno
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates conditions under which correlation matrices have a strictly positive dominant eigenvector. The sufficient conditions, from the Perron-Frobenius theorem, are that all the matrix entries are positive. The conditions for a correlation matrix with some negative entries to have a strictly positive dominant eigenvector are examined. The special structure of correlation matrices permits obtaining of detailed analytical results for low dimensional matrices. Some specific results for the $n$-by-$n$ case are also derived. This problem was motivated by an application in portfolio theory.
Norm Inequalities Related to Clarkson Inequalities
Authors: Alrimawi Fadi , Hirzallah Omar , Kittaneh Fuad
Published: May 2019

Let $A$ and $B$ be $n\times n$ matrices. It is shown that if $p=2$, $4\leq p
Inertia sets allowed by matrix patterns
Authors: Berliner Adam , Olesky Dale , Van den Driessche Pauline
Published: May 2019

Motivated by the possible onset of instability in dynamical systems associated with a zero eigenvalue, sets of inertias $\sn_n$ and $\SN{n}$ for sign and zero-nonzero patterns, respectively, are introduced. For an $n\times n$ sign pattern $\mc{A}$ that allows inertia $(0,n-1,1)$, a sufficient condition is given for $\mc{A}$ and every superpattern of $\mc{A}$ to allow $\sn_n$, and a family of such irreducible sign patterns for all $n\geq 3$ is specified. All zero-nonzero patterns (up to equivalence) that allow $\SN{3}$ and $\SN{4}$ are determined, and are described by their associated digraphs.
R\'enyi's quantum thermodynamical inequalities
Authors: Bebiano Natalia , Da Providencia Joao , Da Providencia J.P.
Published: May 2019

A theory of thermodynamics has been recently formulated and derived on the basis of R\'enyi entropy and its relative versions. In this framework, the concepts of partition function, internal energy and free energy are defined, and fundamental quantum thermodynamical inequalities are deduced. In the context of R\'enyi's thermodynamics, the variational Helmholtz principle is stated and the condition of equilibrium is analyzed. The %obtained results reduce to the von Neumann ones when the R\'enyi entropic parameter $\alpha$ approaches 1. The main goal of the article is to give simple and self-contained proofs of important known results in quantum thermodynamics and information theory, using only standard matrix analysis and majorization theory.
Commutators Involving Matrix Functions
Authors: KAN Osman , Solak Süleyman
Published: May 2019

Some results are obtained for matrix commutators involving matrix exponentials $\left(\left[e^{A},B\right],\left[e^{A},e^{B}\right]\right)$ and their norms.
Resolution Of Conjectures Related To Lights Out! And Cartesian Products
Authors: Curtis Bryan , Earl Jonathan , Livingston David , Shader Bryan
Published: May 2019

Lights Out!\ is a game played on a $5 \times 5$ grid of lights, or more generally on a graph. Pressing lights on the grid allows the player to turn off neighboring lights. The goal of the game is to start with a given initial configuration of lit lights and reach a state where all lights are out. Two conjectures posed in a recently published paper about Lights Out!\ on Cartesian products of graphs are resolved.
The Largest Eigenvalue and Some Hamiltonian Properties of Graphs
Authors: Li Rao
Published: May 2019

In this note, sufficient conditions, based on the largest eigenvalue, are presented for some Hamiltonian properties of graphs.
Semipositivity of linear maps relative to proper cones in finite dimensional real Hilbert spaces
Authors: Arumugasamy Chandrashekaran , Jayaraman Sachindranath , Mer Vatsalkumar
Published: May 2019

For a proper cone $K$ in a finite dimensional real Hilbert space $V$, a linear map $L$ is said to be $K$-semipositive if there exists $d \in K^\circ$, the interior of $K$, such that $L(d) \in K^\circ$. The aim of this manuscript is to characterize $K$-semipositivity of linear maps relative to a proper cone. Among several results obtained, $K$-semipositivity is characterized in terms of products of the form $YX^{-1}$ for $K$-positive linear maps ($L(K \setminus \{0\}) \subseteq K^\circ$) with $X$ invertible, semipositivity of matrices relative to the $n$-dimensional Lorentz cone $\mathcal{L}^n_{+}$ is characterized, semipositivity of the following three linear maps relative to the cone $\mathcal{S}^n_{+}$: $X \mapsto AXB$ (denoted by $M_{A,B}$), $X \mapsto AXB + B^tXA^t$ (denoted by $L_{A,B}$), where $A, B \in M_n(\reals)$, and $X \mapsto X - AXA^t$ (denoted by $S_A$, known as the Stein transformation) is characterized. It is also proved that $M_{A,B}$ is semipositive if and only if $B = \alpha A^t$ for some $\alpha > 0$, the map $L_{A,B}$ is semipositive if and only if $A(B^t)^{-1}$ is positive stable. A particular case of the new result generalizes Lyapunov's theorem. Decompositions of the above maps (when they are semipositive) in the form $L_1L_2^{-1}$, where $L_1$ and $L_2$ are both positive and invertible (assuming $A$ is invertible in the case of $S_A$) are presented. Moreover, a question on invariance of the semipositive cone $\mathcal{K}_A$ of a matrix under $A$ is partially answered.
Estimators Comparison of Separable Covariance Structure with One Component as Compound Symmetry Matrix
Authors: Filipiak Katarzyna , Klein Daniel , Mokrzycka Monika
Published: May 2019

The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of separable covariance structure with one component as compound symmetry matrix has been widely studied in the literature. Nevertheless, the proposed estimates are not given in explicit form and can be determined only numerically. In this paper we give an alternative form of MLE and we show that this new algorithm is much quicker than the algorithms given in the literature.\\ Another estimator of covariance structure can be found by minimizing the entropy loss function. In this paper we give three methods of finding the best approximation of separable covariance structure with one component as compound symmetry matrix and we compare the quickness of proposed algorithms.\\ We conduct simulation studies to compare statistical properties of MLEs and entropy loss estimators (ELEs), such us biasedness, variability and loss. Another estimator of covariance structure can be found by minimizing the entropy loss function. In this paper we give three methods of finding the best approximation of separable covariance structure with one component as compound symmetry matrix and we compare the quickness of proposed algorithms. We conduct simulation studies to compare statistical properties of MLEs and entropy loss estimators (ELEs), such us biasedness and variability.
Application of Jordan Algebra for Testing Hypotheses About Structure of Mean Vector in Model with Block Compound Symmetric Covariance Structure
Authors: Zmyślony Roman , Zezula Ivan , Kozioł Arkadiusz
Published: May 2019

In this article authors derive test for structure of mean vector in model with block compound symmetric covariance structure for two-level multivariate observations. One possible structure is so called structured mean vector when its components remain constant over sites or over time points, so that mean vector is of the form $\boldsymbol{1}_{u}\otimes\boldsymbol{\mu}$ with $\boldsymbol{\mu}=(\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_m)'\in\mathbb{R}^m$. This hypothesis is tested against alternative of unstructured mean vector, which can change over sites or over time points.
Convergence of a modified Newton method for a matrix polynomial equation arising in stochastic problem
Authors: Seo Sang-hyup , Seo Jong-Hyeon , Kim Hyun-Min
Published: May 2019

The Newton iteration is considered for a matrix polynomial equation which arises in stochastic problem. In this paper, it is shown that the elementwise minimal nonnegative solution of the matrix polynomial equation can be obtained using Newton's method if the equation satisfies the sufficient condition, and the convergence rate of the iteration is quadratic if the solution is simple. Moreover, it is shown that the convergence rate is at least linear if the solution is non-simple, but a modified Newton method whose iteration number is less than the pure Newton iteration number can be applied. Finally, numerical experiments are given to compare the effectiveness of the modified Newton method and the standard Newton method.
On the maximal numerical range of some matrices
Authors: Hamed Ali , Spitkovsky Ilya
Published: May 2019

The maximal numerical range $W_0(A)$ of a matrix $A$ is the (regular) numerical range $W(B)$ of its compression $B$ onto the eigenspace $\mathcal L$ of $A^*A$ corresponding to its maximal eigenvalue. So, always $W_0(A)\subseteq W(A)$. Conditions under which $W_0(A)$ has a non-empty intersection with the boundary of $W(A)$ are established, in particular, when $W_0(A)=W(A)$. The set $W_0(A)$ is also described explicitly for matrices unitarily similar to direct sums of $2$-by-$2$ blocks, and some insight into the behavior of $W_0(A)$ is provided when $\mathcal L$ has codimension one.
Ordering cacti with signless Laplacian spread
Authors: Lin Zhen , Guo Shu-Guang
Published: May 2019

A cactus is a connected graph in which any two cycles have at most one vertex in common. The signless Laplacian spread of a graph is defined as the difference between the largest eigenvalue and the smallest eigenvalue of the associated signless Laplacian matrix. In this paper, all cacti of order n with signless Laplacian spread greater than or equal to n â 1/2 are determined.
Asymptotic results on the condition number of FD matrices approximating semi-elliptic PDEs
Authors: Vassalos Paris
Published: May 2019

This work studies the asymptotic behavior of the spectral condition number of the matrices $A_{nn}$ arising from the discretization of semi-elliptic partial differential equations of the form \bdm -\left( a(x,y)u_{xx}+b(x,y)u_{yy}\right)=f(x,y), \edm on the square $\Omega=(0,1)^2,$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where the smooth enough variable coefficients $a(x,y), b(x,y)$ are nonnegative functions on $\overline{\Omega}$ with zeros. In the case of coefficient functions with a single and common zero, it is discovered that apart from the minimum order of the zero also the direction that it occurs is of great importance for the characterization of the growth of the condition number of $A_{nn}$. On the contrary, when the coefficient functions have non intersecting zeros, it is proved that independently of the order their zeros, and their positions, the condition number of $A_{nn}$ behaves asymptotically exactly as in the case of strictly elliptic differential equations, i.e., it grows asymptotically as $n^2$. Finally, the more complicated case of coefficient functions having curves of roots is considered, and conjectures for future work are given. In conclusion, several experiments are presented that numerically confirm the developed theoretical analysis.
Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) of the knee: current concepts review
Authors: Masquijo Javier , Kothari Alpesh
Published: May 2019

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a joint disorder of the subchondral bone and articular cartilage that affects skeletally immature patients. The aetiology of JOCD is unknown and the natural history is poorly characterized in part due to inconsistent and largely retrospective literature. Most OCD in children and adolescents presents as a stable lesion amenable to non-operative treatment or minimally invasive drilling. However, unstable forms can require a more aggressive approach. This article reviews the most recent literature available and focuses on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of JOCD of the knee.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:201-212. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180079
Geopolitical Crimes: A Preliminary Jurisprudential Proposal
Authors: Falk Richard
Published: May 2019

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Between Sovereignty and Race: The Bombardment of Hospitals in the Italo-Ethiopian War and the Colonial Imprint of International Law
Authors: Perugini Nicola , Gordon Neve
Published: May 2019

Italy's war crimes during the 1935–1936 invasion of Ethiopia have been broadly documented by different historians of Italian colonialism. However, its systematic bombardment of medical facilities operated by different Red Cross Societies is much less known. Relying on archival materials, we show how the fascist regime presented these attacks as legitimate reprisal; it was, the Italians claimed, the Ethiopian forces who had violated international law, particularly the principle of distinction, when they used medical facilities to hide. Reconstructing the debates about the Red Cross medical units, we show how Ethiopia's sovereign status rendered international law applicable, since the war was carried out between two internationally recognized countries rather than between a sovereign state and its colonial subjects. Simultaneously however, Ethiopia's status as a sovereign state was extremely precarious. The African country was successfully framed by both Italy and the Red Cross as uncivilized through the creation of an artificial link between the ostensible inability to follow the principle of distinction (i.e. hiding behind medical units) and the population's race. The move from sovereignty to race is, we claim, illuminating because it reveals how the inclusion of Ethiopia into the family of nations not only did not undermine the colonial imprint of international law, but also helped cement it. It is therefore crucial to think about the process of colonial inclusion into the liberal order of humanity against the grain, and to reveal how integration through sovereignty can be transmogrified into racist exclusion.
Hubungan Perilaku Ibu dalam Praktik Pemberian Makan pada Anak Usia 12-23 Bulan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor
Authors: Rusmil Viramitha Kusnandi , Ikhsani Rizkania , Dhamayanti Meita , Hafsah Tisnasari
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan kondisi kurang gizi kronis disebabkan asupan makanan yang kurang dalam waktu lama. Kejadian stunting dapat direduksi oleh salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi pemenuhan gizi anak, yaitu perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting.Metode. Studi analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan pada ibu dan anak usia 12-23 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan panduan Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) dan World Health Organization (WHO). Pengukuran panjang badan anak menggunakan infantometer. Analisis menggunakan uji chi kuadrat dan Mann Whitney. Hasil. Lima puluh sembilan subjek (27,2%) dari 217 total subjek termasuk kelompok stunting. Angka kemaknaan pemberian makan cukup dan pemberian makan secara responsif dengan kejadian stunting sebesar 0,003 dan 0,012. Ketepatan waktu dan pemberian makan secara aman dengan kejadian stunting memiliki nilai p>0,05. Perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan nilai p<0,05.Kesimpulan. Praktik pemberian makan secara keseluruhan memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Kecukupan dalam pemberian makan dan pemberian makan secara responsif memiliki hubungan dengan stunting, tetapi pemberian makan secara tepat waktu dan aman tidak memengaruhi kejadian stunting.
Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum With Liver Metastasis in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Levy Alexander N. , Ackerman Rachel , Yilmaz Osman , Jouhourian Caroline , Tandon Manish , Winter Michael W.
Published: May 2019

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HA) is a rare malignant tumor of extrahepatic origin that morphologically and immunophenotypically resembles hepatocellular carcinoma. We report a case of rectal HA with hepatic metastasis arising in a 38-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis. Despite elevated alpha-fetoprotein, contrast enhancement of the hepatic mass was not consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the diagnosis, and the patient was started on palliative chemotherapy. Colorectal HA should be considered when evaluating malignant lesions in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease and can be distinguished from other tumors based on alpha-fetoprotein, imaging, and immunostaining.
Análise de um programa de formação continuada de educadores
Authors: De Oliveira Vanini Jacyara , De Oliveira Slesaczek Tatiani , Hermes Chesani Fabiola , Silva Fontanele Rafael , Pilot Franciozi Daniela
Published: May 2019

A inclusão de crianças com deficiência no contexto das escolas regulares ainda tem muito a avançar, principalmente no que diz respeito à formação dos educadores. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar um programa de formação continuada para educadores da educação inclusiva. O método se define como qualitativo e exploratório, inspirado no referencial teórico do Círculo de Cultura de Paulo Freire. A pesquisa aconteceu em uma cidade da região do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina, e os participantes foram educadores da rede municipal de ensino. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram questionários, oficinas e diário de campo. Os resultados emergiram a partir da coleta de oitenta questionários e de cinco oficinas. Os temas que emergiram dos questionários para serem desvelados nas oficinas foram: legislação da educação inclusiva, ergonomia para as atividades educativas e autismo. Após o tratamento dos dados das gravações das oficinas e dos diários de campos, foram identificadas na fala das educadoras as seguintes categorias: a linha tênue entre educação e saúde em tempos de inclusão; barreiras arquitetônicas como entraves na inclusão de alunos e autismo: tempo de escuta e aprendizagem. Conclui-se que os temas das formações continuadas dos educadores sejam a partir de sua realidade vivida.
Cursinho Prepara Trans: possibilidade de articulação entre gênero e educação popular
Authors: De Aguiar Campos Gustavo , Cunha Pereira Mariana
Published: May 2019

A partir da experiência vivida no projeto denominado "Cursinho Prepara Transâ€, este texto tem como objetivo discutir a questão da diversidade sexual e de gênero no âmbito da educação popular. O projeto tem como objetivo preparar transexuais, travestis, lésbicas, bissexuais e gays (LGBT) para o Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos (ENCCEJA), Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) e outros vestibulares. Com a experiência vivenciada em tal projeto foi possível discutir como, na prática popular, se faz necessário ter como norte as questões da diversidade e do preconceito além da conscientização e da transformação da realidade. Discutem-se, aqui, as perspectivas do diálogo, bem como da educação antirracista e da pedagogia feminista. Conclui-se que a inclusão e permanência de LGBT nos espaços educativos formais e informais se torna fundamental nos mais variados espaços.
Notas sobre a formação de universitários e povos de terreiro: experiências com educação popular em saúde em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará
Authors: De Lavor Filho Tadeu Lucas , Silva do Vale Carlos André
Published: May 2019

O presente texto traz uma discussão reflexiva de vivências com ações afirmativas a partir do projeto de extensão "Encontros e encantos: educação popular e saúde com povos de terreiros de matriz africana em Juazeiro do Norte-CEâ€. O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária na formação de profissionais e povos de terreiro com base na educação popular de Paulo Freire. Foi articulado o debate de formação em saúde com vista às demandas particulares dos povos de terreiros de Juazeiro do Norte, tomando como cunho metodológico as cartilhas de saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que fazem referência a essa discussão temática. Problematizamos a necessidade de reestruturação político-pedagógica da formação no campo das ciências humanas e saúde, tendo em vista que ainda existe o empobrecimento de debates que aplaquem as demandas reais dos terreiros de candomblé e uma produção tendenciosa do conhecimento acerca do saber localizado, marcada pelo branqueamento e a colonização do saber. Portanto, os atores envolvidos nos processos educativos são transformados pela interação dos seus elementos comuns e particulares. Por meio da extensão foi possível pensar uma prática profissional implicada com discussões éticas, humanas e socioculturais que atravessam a subjetividade, apontando a emancipação e descolonização do saber universitário.
The (near) absence of English in Flemish dinner table conversations
Authors: Zenner Eline , Van De Mieroop Dorien
Published: May 2019

This paper studies the low frequency of English insertions in child-directed speech in eight Flemish families, which is striking considering the strong position of English in other domains in Flanders. Crossing usage-based approaches to language acquisition and language socialization research, we scrutinize our corpus of dinner table conversations that consist of over 25,000 utterances, complemented by sociolinguistic interviews with the caregivers of each family. After mining our corpus for English insertions, we present a quantitative exploration that reveals how less than 1% of the utterances per family contain English insertions. Assessing whether this result can be interpreted as parents’ attempts to socialize their children towards Dutch, and what this reveals about their language regards, we analyze selected fragments through multimodal discourse analysis. After discussing possible implications of these findings for the position of English in Flanders, we additionally discuss them against the theoretical background of developmental sociolinguistics, and against the methodological background of working with small samples and negative evidence in a usage-based approach (see e.g. negative entrenchment.
What do doctors advise patients in jokes and why?
Authors: Chłopicki Władysław
Published: May 2019

Doctor jokes are one of the most popular kind of jokes because they deal with the very sensitive subject of human state of health which draws upon the very basic life-death dichotomy, listed by Raskin in his influential study (Raskin, Victor. 1985.Semantic mechanisms of humor. Dordrecht: Reidel.) among the dichotomies most common in jokes. At the same time, doctor jokes are culture-specific as they reflect the relations between doctors and patients which are typical of a culture in terms of its power distance relations, especially in institutional encounters. Such differences are emphasized by the linguistic categories, such as official and familiar forms of address or culture-specific lexical items. But the reason certain jokes do not “travel” across language boundary is often not only the language itself, but also the cultural assumptions and relations – this concerns, for instance, the references to drinking or doctors’ ineffectiveness/incompetence in Polish jokes. This study focuses on doctor jokes as a category of jokes popular both in Poland and English-speaking countries, but the broad category of doctor jokes is here restricted to those which express the doctor’s advice: this aims at specifying and comparing the jocular advice scripts, central to the doctor-patient relation in both cultures, setting them against the serious advice script.
Word of Mouth, Viral Marketing and Open Data: A Large-Scale Simulation for Predicting Opinion Diffusion on Ethical Food Consumption
Authors: Bruzzone Agostino G. , Agresta Matteo , Hsien Hsu Jen
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the first results of a large-scale-Agent-Based Simulation devoted to simulate individual behaviour inside a medium sized city (600,000 inhabitants). Humans are simulated as Intelligent Individual entities characterized by several attributes created from the Open Data available by means of a multi-layer approach. The work presented is divided into two main parts: the first part aims to describe the multi-layer approach adopted with the inclusion of the social network layer devoted to capture how social networks can be correlated with human activities and how an “Individual Opinion” can changes based on social interactions. The second part is devoted to present a preliminary case study for simulating the propagation dynamics of the individual opinion in the form of an ethical value function. The basic idea is to capture the changes in the individual opinion based on the social interactions predicted by the simulation. Finally, a food choice model for predicting individual choices based on the individual opinion function is presented; the model is based on three parameters: accessibility of ethical shops, price difference with standard products, and ethical value propagation.