bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐prior image‐guided MRI reconstruction with dictionary learning
Authors: Li Jiansen , Liu Qiegen , Zhao Jun
Published: December 2018

Purpose

A novel method, named self‐prior image‐guided MRI reconstruction with dictionary learning (SPIDLE), is developed to improve the performance of MR imaging with high acceleration rates. “self‐prior" means that the prior image is obtained from the target image itself and any extra MRI scans are not needed.

Methods

The proposed method integrates self‐prior image constraint with compressed sensing (CS) and the dictionary learning (DL) technique. The self‐prior image is a preliminary result reconstructed using the undersampled k‐space measurements of the target image. Therefore, the self‐prior image has similar structural features with the target image, and they match each other accurately. CS approach is applied to the residual error of the target image with the self‐prior image, because the error image is much sparser than the target image. The split Bregman method is used to solve the proposed approach to promote fast convergence. For multicoil measurements, each coil image is reconstructed individually and the final result is produced as the square root of sum of squares (SOS) of all channel images.

Results

The performance of the proposed SPIDLE method was inspected using different undersampling schemes and acceleration rates with various types of in vivo MR datasets. Experiments showed that the SPIDLE method is superior to other typical state‐of‐the‐art methods. Specifically, the SPIDLE method produces fewer reconstruction errors, and it is robust to initialization.

Conclusions

The proposed SPIDLE method substantially widens the applications of prior image‐guided MRI reconstruction, especially for applications that are not suitable to use existing MR scans as prior images. The SPIDLE method obviously improves the reconstruction quality for highly undersampled MRI. It is also promising for reconstruction of dynamic MRI and other imaging modalities, such as CT and CT‐MRI multimodality imaging.
Effect of BMP15 and/or AMH during in vitro maturation of oocytes from involuntarily culled dairy cows
Authors: Velásquez Alejandra , Mellisho Edwin , Castro Fidel Ovidio , Rodríguez‐Álvarez Lleretny
Published: December 2018

The high metabolic activity to which the dairy cattle are exposed to maintain milk production altered steroid metabolism that affects reproductive physiology and reduce oocyte competence. Our aims were (a) to characterize the competence of immature oocytes collected from dairy cattle based on the expression of genes in cumulus cells (CCs) and (b) to improve oocyte competence to support preimplantation embryo development by the supplementation of maturation medium with bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and/or anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH). Oocyte donors were identified at the moment of ovary collection and grouped by involuntarily culled dairy cows (Holstein breed) or beef cattle. The embryo development speed to blastocyst of the cull dairy cattle versus beef cattle (control group) was lower. Besides, <10% of oocytes (with CC biopsies) derived from dairy cattle were able to develop to the blastocyst stage. In addition, a higher level of expression and a positive correlation were observed in the expression of most of the genes evaluated (LUM, KRT18, KRT8, CLIC3, BMPR1B, and SLC38A3) in the cumulus–oocyte complexes that produced blastocysts versus those which did not develop correctly (arrested development). Further, use of BMP15 in the maturation of oocytes from dairy cattle seems to increase competence, modulating the expression of OCT4, SOX2, CDX2, GATA6, and TP1 in resulting blastocysts.
Randomized low‐rank approximation methods for projection‐based model order reduction of large nonlinear dynamical problems
Authors: Bach C. , Ceglia D. , Song L. , Duddeck F.
Published: December 2018

Projection‐based nonlinear model order reduction (MOR) methods typically make use of a reduced basis
to approximate high‐dimensional quantities. However, the most popular methods for computing V, eg, through a singular value decomposition of an m × n snapshot matrix, have asymptotic time complexities of
and do not scale well as m and n increase. This is problematic for large dynamical problems with many snapshots, eg, in case of explicit integration. In this work, we propose the use of randomized methods for reduced basis computation and nonlinear MOR, which have an asymptotic complexity of only
or
. We evaluate the suitability of randomized algorithms for nonlinear MOR and compare them to other strategies that have been proposed to mitigate the demanding computing times incurred by large nonlinear models. We analyze the computational complexities of traditional, iterative, incremental, and randomized algorithms and compare the computing times and accuracies for numerical examples. The results indicate that randomized methods exhibit an extremely high level of accuracy in practice, while generally being faster than any other analyzed approach. We conclude that randomized methods are highly suitable for the reduction of large nonlinear problems.
The history of chicken and other bird exploitation in Thailand: Preliminary analysis of bird remains from four archaeological sites
Authors: Eda M. , Shoocongdej R. , Auetrakulvit P. , Kachajiwa J.
Published: December 2018

The origin of the domestication of chicken Gallus gallus domesticus is still a subject of debate. It principally originates from the red junglefowl G. gallus, which is distributed throughout Southeast Asia and South China. However, the prehistoric exploitation of chicken and red junglefowl in Southeast Asia has remained unclear due to a small number of samples for bone analysis. In this study, we analysed bird remains from four archaeological sites in Thailand: Ban Hua Ud (4,000–3,000 bp), Long Long Rak (1,900–1,600 bp), Ban Non Wat (3,750–1,500 bp), and Keed Kin (fifth–11th Century A.D.). Bones from pheasants/fowls (Phasianidae), storks (Ciconiidae), cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae), crows (Corvidae), and passerines (Passeriformes) were found. A small number of stork bones were found at three lowland sites, with none found at Long Long Rak. Cormorant bones were dominant at Ban Hua Ud but were only found at that site. Pheasant/fowl bones were found at all sites except Ban Hua Ud and dominated the number of identified specimens, suggesting that they were the most commonly used bird, at least after the Iron Age. Morphological bone identification criteria for the 24 Phasianidae species in Thailand have not been established; ancient DNA analysis is required to differentiate chicken/red junglefowl bone from other indigenous pheasants/fowls. It is obvious that mitochondrial DNA remained unchanged in the early stages of the domestication process. Further studies combining ancient DNA and morphological analyses are required to judge whether all of the candidate chicken bones are indeed from red junglefowl or chicken. Although these results are regionally and temporally restricted, they give important quantitative information on bird exploitation during the Neolithic and early historic Dvaravadi periods in Thailand.
Effects of orientation ordering of low‐density polyethylene—multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composites determined by severe plastic deformation
Authors: Beloshenko Victor , Voznyak Andrei , Vozniak Iurii , Savchenko Bogdan
Published: December 2018

In this work, by the example of the system of linear low‐density polyethylene—multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (LLDPE/CNTs), specific features of the nanocomposite structure modified by severe plastic deformation (SPD) are studied. The effect of SPD on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity is analyzed. It is shown that SPD leads to destruction of CNTs aggregates and more homogeneous their distribution. CNTs formed structure is characterized by the presence of large (200–300 nm) aggregates of CNTs and small (<100 nm) CNTs aggregates. It is found that within the range of a small degree of strain (up to e = 4.4), rupture is the prevailing mechanism of agglomerate disintegration, and erosion dominates in the range of high strain (e = 4.4–8.5). SPD‐induced formation of a 3D‐conducting network of CNTS and strengthened LLDPE matrix determines an enhanced set of electrical and mechanical characteristics of the tested composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:714–723, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
New strategy towards flame retardancy through design, synthesis, characterization, and fire performance of a chain extender in polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Xu Miao‐Jun , Liu Hai‐Chao , Ma Kun , Li Bin , Zhang Zhi‐Yong
Published: December 2018

A novel flame‐retardant chain extension agent (9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide)‐3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate defined as DOPO‐TGIC was synthesized, and its chemical structure was well characterized and confirmed. The effect of DOPO‐TGIC as a synergistic agent on the flame retardancy, rheology, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinate (PA6/AlPi) composites were investigated in details. The results demonstrated that PA6/AlPi/DOPO‐TGIC composites (1.6 mm) successfully passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating with the limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% when the total loading amount of AlPi/DOPO‐TGIC was 10 wt%. In order to achieve the equal flame‐retardant level, the individual AlPi was required 14 wt%. The incorporated DOPO‐TGIC improved the complex viscosity of PA6/AlPi/DOPO‐TGIC composites due to the chain extending reaction between epoxide groups in DOPO‐TGIC and the terminal groups of PA6 matrix. The mechanical performance of PA6/AlPi/DOPO‐TGIC composites was also improved compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. DOPO‐TGIC stimulated to the formation of more sufficient and compact char layer during combustion. The higher melt viscosity and compact char layer of PA6 composites effectively constrained the volatilization of flammable gases, thus the heat release was reduced. Consequently, the introduction of DOPO‐TGIC simultaneously enhanced the flame retardant and mechanical properties of PA6/AlPi/DOPO‐TGIC composites compared with that of PA6/AlPi composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E206–E215, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteomic Evidence of Biological Aging in a Child with a Compound Heterozygous ZMPSTE24 Mutation
Authors: Lucas‐Herald Angela K , Zürbig Petra , Mason Avril , Kinning Esther , Brown Catriona E , Mansoorian Bahareh , Mullen William , Ahmed Syed Faisal , Delles Christian
Published: December 2018

Background

Progeria‐like syndromes offer a unique insight into aging. Here the case of a boy affected with mandibuloacral dysplasia and compound heterozygous mutations in ZMPSTE24 is presented.

Methods

Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectroscopy is used for proteome analysis to analyze peptides previously found to be differentially regulated in chronic kidney disease (273 peptides defining the CKD273 classifier), coronary artery disease (238 peptides defining the CAD238 classifier), and aging (116 peptides defining the AGE116 classifier).

Results

No evidence of renal disease is identified. Although the boy has no overt cardiovascular disease other than a raised carotid intima media thickness relative to his age, a proteomic classifier for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is mildly raised. The biological age based on the proteomic AGE116 classifier is 24 years compared to the chronological ages of 5 and 10 years. In contrast, a control group of healthy children has a significantly lower (p < 0.0001) calculated mean age of 13.

Conclusion

Urinary proteomic analysis is effective in confirming advanced biological age and to identify early evidence of renal or cardiovascular damage. This case highlights the value of proteomic approaches in aging research and may represent a method for non‐invasive monitoring of the effects of early aging.
Predictive probability of success using surrogate endpoints
Authors: Saint‐Hilary Gaelle , Barboux Valentine , Pannaux Matthieu , Gasparini Mauro , Robert Veronique , Mastrantonio Gianluca
Published: December 2018

The predictive probability of success of a future clinical trial is a key quantitative tool for decision‐making in drug development. It is derived from prior knowledge and available evidence, and the latter typically comes from the accumulated data on the clinical endpoint of interest in previous clinical trials. However, a surrogate endpoint could be used as primary endpoint in early development and, usually, no or limited data are collected on the clinical endpoint of interest. We propose a general, reliable, and broadly applicable methodology to predict the success of a future trial from surrogate endpoints, in a way that makes the best use of all the available evidence. The predictions are based on an informative prior, called surrogate prior, derived from the results of past trials on one or several surrogate endpoints. If available, in a Bayesian framework, this prior could be combined with data from past trials on the clinical endpoint of interest. Two methods are proposed to address a potential discordance between the surrogate prior and the data on the clinical endpoint. We investigate the patterns of behavior of the predictions in a comprehensive simulation study, and we present an application to the development of a drug in Multiple Sclerosis. The proposed methodology is expected to support decision‐making in many different situations, since the use of predictive markers is important to accelerate drug developments and to select promising drug candidates, better and earlier.
Research Advances of Amorphous Metal Oxides in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Yan Shihan , Abhilash K. P. , Tang Lingyu , Yang Mei , Ma Yifan , Xia Qiuying , Guo Qiubo , Xia Hui
Published: December 2018

Amorphous metal oxides (AMOs) have aroused great enthusiasm across multiple energy areas over recent years due to their unique properties, such as the intrinsic isotropy, versatility in compositions, absence of grain boundaries, defect distribution, flexible nature, etc. Here, the materials engineering of AMOs is systematically reviewed in different electrochemical applications and recent advances in understanding and developing AMO‐based high‐performance electrodes are highlighted. Attention is focused on the important roles that AMOs play in various energy storage and conversion technologies, such as active materials in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors as well as active catalysts in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The improvements of electrochemical performance in metal‐ion batteries and supercapacitors are reviewed regarding the enhancement in active sites, mechanical strength, and defect distribution of amorphous structures. Furthermore, the high electrochemical activities boosted by AMOs in various fundamental reactions are elaborated on and they are related to the electrocatalytic behaviors in water splitting, metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. The applications in electrochromism and high‐conducting sensors are also briefly discussed. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges of AMOs for electrochemical applications are proposed, together with several promising future research directions.
Enhanced Hetero‐Junction Quality and Performance of Kesterite Solar Cells by Aluminum Hydroxide Nanolayers and Efficiency Limitation Revealed by Atomic‐resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Xie Haibing , Sánchez Yudania , Tang Pengyi , Espíndola‐Rodríguez Moisés , Guc Maxim , Calvo‐Barrio Lorenzo , López‐Marino Simon , Liu Yu , Morante Joan R. , Cabot Andreu , Izquierdo‐Roca Victor , Arbiol Jordi , Pérez‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Saucedo Edgardo
Published: December 2018

A strategy for interface engineering of hetero‐junctions in kesterite solar cells by using Al(OH)3 is demonstrated. The hydroxide nanolayers are prepared via a facile and fast wet chemical route, based on an aqueous solution of aluminum chlorides and thioacetamide. Considerable enhancement of open circuit voltage (Voc) (30–60 mV) and fill factor (FF) (10–20%) after this chemical treatment are observed, achieving a champion conversion efficiency of 9.1% and a champion FF of 70% (among the best FF in kesterite solar cells). The functional mechanism is systematically studied by current‐voltage, capacitance‐voltage, temperature dependence of current–voltage and photoluminescence measurements, which reveal that Al(OH)3 nanolayers can effectively reduce the interface recombination and largely improve the shunt resistance. Furthermore, atomic resolution high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) evidences the epitaxial relationship of Al(OH)3 with kesterite and CdS, indicating the benign and effective interface passivation achieved by this chemical treatment. Finally, based on HAADF‐STEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy mappings, insights into the efficiency limiting and beneficial factors for CZTSSe solar cells, as well as suggestions to further improve both the bulk and related interfaces are presented.
A new algorithm for busbar protection based on the comparison of initial traveling wave power
Authors: Wu Hao , Dong Xingxing , Ye Ruikai
Published: December 2018

According to the traveling‐wave theory, this paper presents a new busbar protection algorithm based on the comparison of the initial traveling wave power. The algorithm analyzes the distribution characteristics of the initial traveling wave when internal and external busbar faults occur and calculates the traveling wave reactive power of multiple sampling points of the initial traveling wave based on S‐transform. And, accordingly, the concept of integrated reactive power is proposed. The protection criterion is established based on the comparison of the initial traveling wave integrated reactive power magnitude of each associated transmission line connected to the busbar. When an internal busbar fault occurs, the initial traveling wave integrated reactive power of each associated transmission line connected to the busbar is infinitesimally small and approximately equal; when an external busbar fault occurs, the initial traveling wave integrated reactive power of the faulted transmission line connected to the busbar exists and the values are much larger than that of the non‐faulted transmission lines. By comparing the relative magnitudes of the initial traveling wave integrated reactive power of each associated transmission line connected to the busbar, a clear distinction between internal and external busbar faults can be made. Theoretical analysis, along with simulation experiments, indicates that the proposed method of performance assessment for busbar protection is sensitive, reliable, quick to respond, and easy to distinguish, and would not be affected by the influence of fault initial angles, fault types, transitional resistances, and other factors. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Contingent valuation and rural potable water systems: A critical look at the past and future
Authors: Witt Brian
Published: December 2018

Determining the value of environmental goods that impact human populations, such as potable water, is often highly problematic. The all‐too‐common lack of realistic markets for the provisioning of these goods necessitates the use of nonmarket valuation techniques. Contingent valuation surveys are often an appropriate method, thanks to their ability to value hypothetical changes and nonuse values, and their limited prior data requirements. When properly implemented, contingent valuation surveys can estimate the maximum willingness to pay of surveyed individuals, allowing the value of the environmental good to be accurately measured. An analysis of the extant body of contingent valuation studies of rural potable water systems in developing and emerging countries indicates that rural water consumers are willing to pay, often substantially, for the creation of a potable water system or for improvements to existing system. Studies involving changes to existing potable water system, through improving an existing system for greater reliability or sustainability, showed a high degree of consistency in respondents' willingness to pay estimates as a percentage of income or current water tariff. Higher incomes, higher levels of education and youth, among other characteristics, were found to be positively correlated with higher willingness to pay estimates. Future contingent valuation studies focusing on improving comparability through greater methodological consistency, and addressing the impact of community power dynamics, intercommunal cleavages, and subsidies could be especially productive.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Value of Water

Engineering Water > Planning Water

Human Water > Water Governance
Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal
Authors: Ibe Masahiro , Kamada Ayuki , Kobayashi Shin , Nakano Wakutaka
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Asymmetric dark matter (ADM) is an attractive framework relating the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe to the dark matter density. A composite particle in a new strong dynamics is a promising candidate for ADM as the strong dynamics naturally explains the ADM mass in the GeV range. Its large annihilation cross section due to the strong dynamics leaves the asymmetric component to be dominant over the symmetric component. In such composite ADM scenarios, the dark sector has a relatively large entropy density in the early Universe. The large dark sector entropy results in the overclosure of the Universe or at best contradicts with the observations of the cosmic microwave background and the successful Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis. Thus, composite ADM models generically require some portal to transfer the entropy of the dark sector into the Standard Model sector. In this paper, we consider a dark photon portal with a mass in the sub-GeV range and kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon. We investigate the viable parameter space of the dark photon in detail, which can find broad applications to dark photon portal models. We also provide a simple working example of composite ADM with a dark photon portal. Our model is compatible with thermal leptogenesis and B − L symmetry. By taking into account the derived constraints, we show that the parameter space is largely tested by direct detection experiments.
The three- and four-Higgs couplings in the general two-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Jurčiukonis D. , Lavoura L.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We apply the unitarity bounds and the bounded-from-below (BFB) bounds to the most general scalar potential of the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). We do this in the Higgs basis, i.e. in the basis for the scalar doublets where only one doublet has vacuum expectation value. In this way we obtain bounds on the scalar masses and couplings that are valid for all 2HDMs. We compare those bounds to the analogous bounds that we have obtained for other simple extensions of the Standard Model (SM), namely the 2HDM extended by one scalar singlet and the extension of the SM through two scalar singlets.
Minimally extended left-right symmetric model for dark matter with U(1) portal
Authors: Neves M. J. , Helaÿel-Neto J. A. , Mohapatra Rabindra N. , Okada Nobuchika
Published: December 2018

Abstract

A minimal extension of the left-right symmetric model for neutrino masses that includes a vector-like singlet fermion dark matter (DM) is presented with the DM connected to the visible sector via a gauged U(1) portal. We discuss the symmetry breaking in this model and calculate the mass and mixings of the extra heavy neutral gauge boson at the TeV scale. The extra gauge boson can decay to both standard model particles as well to dark matter. We calculate the relic density of the singlet fermion dark matter and its direct detection cross section and use these constraints to obtain the allowed parameter range for the new gauge coupling and the dark matter mass.
Superconformal algebras for twisted connected sums and G2 mirror symmetry
Authors: Fiset Marc-Antoine
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We realise the Shatashvili-Vafa superconformal algebra forG2string compactifications by combining Odake and free conformal algebras following closely the recent mathematical construction of twisted connected sumG2holonomy manifolds. By considering automorphisms of this realisation, we identify stringy analogues of two mirror maps proposed by Braun and Del Zotto for these manifolds.
Large D gravity and charged membrane dynamics with nonzero cosmological constant
Authors: Kundu Suman , Nandi Poulami
Published: December 2018

Abstract

In this paper, we have found a class of dynamical charged ‘black-hole’ solutions to Einstein-Maxwell system with a non-zero cosmological constant in a large number of spacetime dimensions. We have solved up to the first sub-leading order using large D scheme where the inverse of the number of dimensions serves as the perturbation parameter. The system is dual to a dynamical membrane with a charge and a velocity field, living on it. The dual membrane has to be embedded in a background geometry that itself, satisfies the pure gravity equation in presence of a cosmological constant. Pure AdS / dS are particular examples of such background. We have also obtained the membrane equations governing the dynamics of charged membrane. The consistency of our membrane equations is checked by calculating the quasi-normal modes with different Einstein-Maxwell System in AdS/dS.
Squashing the boundary of supersymmetric AdS5 black holes
Authors: Cassani Davide , Papini Lorenzo
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We construct new supersymmetric black holes in five-dimensional supergravity with an arbitrary number of vector multiplets and Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging. These are asymptotically locally AdS5 and the conformal boundary comprises a squashed three-sphere with SU(2) × U(1) symmetry. The solution depends on two parameters, of which one determines the angular momentum and the Page electric charges, while the other controls the squashing at the boundary. The latter is arbitrary, however in the flow towards the horizon it is attracted to a value that only depends on the other parameter of the solution. The entropy is reproduced by a simple formula involving the angular momentum and the Page charges, rather than the holographic charges. Choosing the appropriate five-dimensional framework, the solution can be uplifted to type IIB supergravity on S
5 and should thus be dual to

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 super Yang-Mills on a rotating, squashed Einstein universe.
Neutralino dark matter in scenarios with early matter domination
Authors: Drees Manuel , Hajkarim Fazlollah
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We investigate the production of neutralino dark matter in a cosmological scenario featuring an early matter dominated era ending at a relatively low reheating temperature. In such scenarios different production mechanisms of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), besides the well-studied thermal production, can be important. This opens up new regions of parameter space where the lightest neutralino, as the best-known supersymmetric (SUSY) WIMP, obtains the required relic abundance. Many of these new sets of parameters are also compatible with current limits from colliders as well as direct and indirect WIMP searches. In particular, in standard cosmology bino-like neutralinos, which emerge naturally as lightest neutralino in many models, can have the desired relic density only in some finetuned regions of parameter space where the effective annihilation cross section is enhanced by co-annihilation or an s-channel pole. In contrast, if the energy density of the universe was dominated by long-lived PeV-scale particles (e.g. moduli or Polonyi fields), bino-like neutralinos can obtain the required relic density over wide regions of supersymmetric parameter space. We identify the interesting ranges of mass and decay properties of the heavy long-lived particles, carefully treating the evolution of the temperature of the thermal background.
$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}} $$ in custodial warped space
Authors: Carena Marcela , Megías Eugenio , Quirós Mariano , Wagner Carlos
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Flavor physics experiments allow to probe the accuracy of the Standard Model (SM) description at low energies, and are sensitive to new heavy gauge bosons that couple to quarks and leptons in a relevant way. The apparent anomaly in the ratios of the decay ofB-mesons intoD-mesons and different lepton flavors,$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}}=\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\tau \nu \right)/\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)}\ell \nu \right) $$RD*=ℬB→D∗τν/ℬB→D∗ℓνis particularly intriguing, since these decay processes occur at tree-level in the SM. Recently, it has been suggested that this anomaly may be explained by new gauge bosons coupled to right-handed currents of quarks and leptons, involving light right-handed neutrinos. In this work we present a well-motivated ultraviolet complete realization of this idea, embedding the SM in a warped space with an SU(2)L⊗ SU(2)R⊗ U(1)B−Lbulk gauge symmetry. Besides providing a solution to the hierarchy problem, we show that this model, which has an explicit custodial symmetry, can explain the$$ {R}_{D^{\left(*\right)}} $$RD*anomaly and at the same time allow for a solution to the$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}} $$RK*anomalies, related to the decay ofB-mesons intoK-mesons and leptons,$$ {R}_{K^{\left(*\right)}}=\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}\mu \mu \right)/\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left(B\to {K}^{\left(\ast \right)}ee\right) $$RK*=ℬB→K∗μμ/ℬB→K∗ee. In addition, a model prediction is an anomalous value of the forward-backward asymmetryAFBb, driven by the$$ Z{\overline{b}}_R{b}_R $$Zb¯RbRcoupling, in agreement with LEP data.
To achieve the goals of e-Science, we must change research culture globally
Authors: Chue Hong Neil
Published: December 2018

The e-Science program was initiated in the United Kingdom in the early 2000s with the aim of bringing together researchers in large scale, collaborative projects involving software and computation to solve grand challenges. A legacy of this program has been an understanding of the importance of the people behind the software, the researchers and research software engineers, as well as the challenges of developing and maintaining code that is reusable given the problems of software decay.

The Software Sustainability Institute was established in the UK to provide support and direction for the research software community through consultancy, training, engagement, and policy campaigns. Through this it has worked with an international community of collaborators, in the UK, in Europe, and across the world to support reusability, research integrity, and transparency, recognizing that to achieve the goals of e-Science, we must change research culture globally.
Implikationen für die Berufseinmündung nach einer generalistischen Pflegeausbildung – eine mehrperspektivische Studie
Authors: Reiber Karin , Reichert Dorothea , Winter Maik
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Mit der Reform des Pflegeberufegesetzes werden generalistische sowie hochschulische Ausbildungsformen zum Regelangebot. Insbesondere für erstgenannte ist ein Forschungsdesiderat bezüglich der Passung von Qualifikationsprofil und -bedarf zu konstatieren. Fragestellung: Inwieweit korrespondieren die beruflichen Orientierungen bisheriger Absolventinnen und Absolventen generalistischer Ausbildungsformen in Baden-Württemberg mit den Erwartungen möglicher Arbeitgeber – unter Berücksichtigung der Altenpflege? Methode: In dem von der Baden-Württemberg Stiftung beauftragten Forschungsprojekt wurden Pflegefachkräfte befragt, die eine generalistische Ausbildungsform absolviert haben (N = 100). Ergänzend dazu erfolgten elf Experten-Interviews mit Personalverantwortlichen der Pflegebranche. Ergebnisse beider Erhebungen wurden im Sinne des triangulierenden Konvergenzmodells verglichen und kontrastiert. Ergebnisse: Generalistisch Ausgebildete zeigen Präferenzen für die akutpflegerische Versorgung und schätzen Arbeitsfelder der Altenpflege als weniger attraktiv ein – was mit den Befürchtungen der Arbeitgeber korrespondiert. Konsens besteht über den höheren Weiterbildungsbedarf nach einer generalistischen Pflegeausbildung. Schlussfolgerungen: Für die Umsetzung des neuen Pflegeberufegesetzes ist zu klären, wie die beruflichen Präferenzen der generalistisch ausgebildeten Pflegefachkräfte hinsichtlich der Personalbedarfe unterschiedlicher Versorgungssektoren in Einklang gebracht werden können. Der absehbare Skills- / Grade-Mix erfordert sowohl neue Personaleinsatz- wie auch passgenaue Weiterbildungskonzepte.
Beruf, Pflegeverantwortung und Familie – ein Vereinbarkeitsproblem?
Authors: Thölke Annette
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Eine immer größer werdende Zahl von Menschen, vorangig Frauen, stehen vor der Herausforderung, die Pflege ihrer Eltern mit ihrer eigenen Erwerbstätigkeit zu vereinbaren. Diese Problematik begegnet Lehrenden und Lernenden der Pflege in der eigenen Familie und bei der familienorientierten Begleitung von Pflegeempfängern. Professionell Pflegende haben die Chance, Familien in ihren Herausforderungen zu begleiten. Die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten in Begleitung und Beratung sollen orientiert an einem exemplarischen Fall aufgezeigt werden.
Familienorientierung in der pflegerischen Grundqualifikation
Authors: Rohde Katrin S.
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Familienorientierung in der pflegerischen Ausbildung umfasst die Frage nach den Möglichkeiten der Integration von Familienpflege, Orientierung am System Familie in der Lehre sowie Sinn und Vorgehen eines familienorientierten Curriculums. Aber auch die Studierenden selbst bewegen sich in einem familiären Umfeld und tragen hier Mitverantwortung, die ggf. Einfluss auf die Ausbildungszeit haben. Wie dies in Theorie und Praxis der Ausbildung Anwendung finden kann, wird nachfolgend mit dem Schwerpunkt auf hochschulische Ausbildung diskutiert.
Arctic Undergoing Most Unprecedented Transition in Human History
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2018

The Arctic Report Card, released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, outlines vast changes taking place in the Arctic region. Here are some major findings.
Healing Power of Clay? Not as Off-the-Wall as You Might Think
Authors: Hagemann Hannah
Published: December 2018

An ancient folk remedy, blue-green iron-rich clay, kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria using a one-two punch, a new study shows.
Air‐Sea CO2 Flux Estimates in Stratified Arctic Coastal Waters: How Wrong Can We Be?
Authors: Miller Lisa A. , Burgers Tonya M. , Burt William J. , Granskog Mats A. , Papakyriakou Tim N.
Published: December 2018

Summer near‐surface seawater sampling in the Canadian Arctic revealed potential for significant errors (nearly 0.1 μmol·(m‐2 s‐1)) in CO2 fluxes calculated from measured air‐sea CO2 gradients. River runoff and sea ice melt strongly stratify these waters, often resulting in surface mixed layers only a few meters thick and isolated from waters sampled by shipboard underway systems. Samples collected with the underway system, rosette, and small boats exposed substantial near‐surface gradients in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) over the top 7 m at many stations. Distributions of temperature, salinity, and fluorescence indicated that the sources of the CO2 system gradients varied between stations, precluding simple corrections to align subsurface data with shallower conditions. Overall, the strong summertime sink of atmospheric CO2 implied by the underway data was not supported by shallower data.
Contributions of Atmospheric Forcing and Chaotic Ocean Variability to Regional Sea Level Trends Over 1993–2015
Authors: Llovel William , Penduff Thierry , Meyssignac Benoit , Molines Jean‐Marc , Terray Laurent , Bessières Laurent , Barnier Bernard
Published: December 2018

A global ¼° ocean/sea‐ice 50‐member ensemble simulation is analyzed to disentangle the imprints of the atmospheric forcing and the chaotic ocean variability on regional sea level trends over the satellite altimetry period. We find that the chaotic ocean variability may mask atmospherically forced regional sea level trends over 38% of the global ocean area from 1993 to 2015, and over 47% of this area from 2005 to 2015. These regions are located in the western boundary currents, in the Southern Ocean and in the subtropical gyres. While these results do not question the anthropogenic origin of global mean sea level rise, they give new insights into the intrinsically oceanic versus atmospheric forcing of regional sea level trends and provide new constraints on the measurement time required to attribute regional sea level trends to the atmospheric forcing or to climate change.
Global Analysis of Experimental Data on the Rheology of Olivine Aggregates
Authors: Jain Chhavi , Korenaga Jun , Karato Shun‐ichiro
Published: December 2018

Following the reanalysis of individual experimental runs of some widely cited studies (Jain et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014847), we revisit the global data analysis of Korenaga and Karato (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005100) with a significantly improved version of their Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion. Their algorithm, previously corrected by Mullet et al. () to minimize potential parameter bias, is further modified here to estimate more efficiently interrun biases in global data sets. Using the refined Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion technique, we simultaneously analyze experimental data on the deformation of olivine aggregates compiled from different studies. Realistic composite rheological models, including both diffusion and dislocation creep, are adopted, and the role of dislocation‐accommodated grain boundary sliding is also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of interrun biases on inversion results is studied using experimental and synthetic data. Our analysis shows that existing data can tightly constrain the grain‐size exponent for diffusion creep at ∼2, which is different from the value commonly assumed (p = 3). Different data sets and model assumptions, however, yield nonoverlapping estimates on other flow‐law parameters, and the flow‐law parameters for grain boundary sliding are poorly resolved in most cases. We thus provide a few plausible candidate flow‐law models for olivine rheology to facilitate future geodynamic modeling. The availability of more data that explore a wider range of experimental conditions, especially higher pressures, is essential to improve our understanding of upper mantle rheology.
Investigation of Solar Flares Impact on GPS/BDS/GALILEO Broadcast Ionospheric Models
Authors: Cheng Na , Song Shuli , Xie Hui
Published: December 2018

The ionosphere is significant to solar‐terrestrial space environment, and the ionospheric delay is considered as one main error source in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). For GNSS single‐frequency users, broadcast ionospheric models (BIMs) play an important role in mitigating the ionospheric delay. Solar activity induces ionospheric disturbances, which can reduce the performance of GNSS. In this study, solar flares impact on Global Positioning System/BeiDou satellite navigation System/Galileo (GPS/BDS/GALILEO) BIMs was investigated in the Asia‐Pacific region. Twelve X‐class and M‐class large solar flares were selected for this study. Total electron content (TEC) derived from selected International GNSS Service and Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) were used to analyze the TEC anomalies and the adaptability of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs during sample solar flare events. It is verified that very noticeable sudden increase in TEC clearly took place during solar flares. The temporal variation of rate of TEC is more pronounced and rapid with respect to that of TEC. Especially, solar flares impact on the correction accuracy of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs is significant, as illustrated by a noticeable decrease in relative difference between the observed and modeled TEC values of the GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs occurred during the events. Through our investigation, we found that the adaptability of BDS BIM is better than GPS and GALILEO BIMs under solar flare conditions because its coefficients were updated more frequently, while the accuracy of the GALILEO BIM is the highest among current GPS/BDS/GALILEO BIMs in general.
A signature-based machine learning model for distinguishing bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Perez Arribas Imanol , Goodwin Guy M. , Geddes John R. , Lyons Terry , Saunders Kate E. A.
Published: December 2018

Mobile technologies offer new opportunities for prospective, high resolution monitoring of long-term health conditions. The opportunities seem of particular promise in psychiatry where diagnoses often rely on retrospective and subjective recall of mood states. However, deriving clinically meaningful information from the complex time series data these technologies present is challenging, and the current implications for patient care are uncertain. In this study, 130 participants with bipolar disorder (n = 48) or borderline personality disorder (n = 31) and healthy volunteers (n = 51) completed daily mood ratings using a bespoke smartphone app for up to 1 year. A signature-based learning method was used to capture the evolving interrelationships between the different elements of mood and exploit this information to classify participants’ diagnosis and to predict subsequent mood. The three participant groups could be distinguished from one another on the basis of self-reported mood using the signature methodology. The methodology classified 75% of participants into the correct diagnostic group compared with 54% using standard approaches. Subsequent mood ratings were correctly predicted with >70% accuracy. Prediction of mood was most accurate in healthy volunteers (89–98%) compared to bipolar disorder (82–90%) and borderline personality disorder (70–78%). The signature method provided an effective approach to the analysis of mood data both in terms of diagnostic classification and prediction of future mood. It also highlighted the differing predictability and the overlap inherent within disorders. The three cohorts offered internally consistent but distinct patterns of mood interaction in their reporting which have the potential to enable more efficient and accurate diagnoses and thus earlier treatment.
Breaking the speed limit with multimode fast scanning of DNA by Endonuclease V
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Rosnes Ida , Blicher Pernille , Diekmann Robin , Schüttpelz Mark , Glette Kyrre , Tørresen Jim , Bjørås Magnar , Dalhus Bjørn , Rowe Alexander D.
Published: December 2018

In order to preserve genomic stability, cells rely on various repair pathways for removing DNA damage. The mechanisms how enzymes scan DNA and recognize their target sites are incompletely understood. Here, by using high-localization precision microscopy along with 133 Hz high sampling rate, we have recorded EndoV and OGG1 interacting with 12-kbp elongated λ-DNA in an optical trap. EndoV switches between three distinct scanning modes, each with a clear range of activation energy barriers. These results concur with average diffusion rate and occupancy of states determined by a hidden Markov model, allowing us to infer that EndoV confinement occurs when the intercalating wedge motif is involved in rigorous probing of the DNA, while highly mobile EndoV may disengage from a strictly 1D helical diffusion mode and hop along the DNA. This makes EndoV the first example of a monomeric, single-conformation and single-binding-site protein demonstrating the ability to switch between three scanning modes.
Cancer-derived exosomal miR-25-3p promotes pre-metastatic niche formation by inducing vascular permeability and angiogenesis
Authors: Zeng Zhicheng , Li Yuling , Pan Yangjian , Lan Xiaoliang , Song Fuyao , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Kun , Liu Xiaolong , Ren Xiaoli , Wang Feifei , Hu Jinlong , Zhu Xiaohui , Yang Wei , Liao Wenting , Li Guoxin , Ding Yanqing , Liang Li
Published: December 2018

Cancer-derived exosomes are considered a major driver of cancer-induced pre-metastatic niche formation at foreign sites, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that miR-25-3p, a metastasis-promoting miRNA of colorectal cancer (CRC), can be transferred from CRC cells to endothelial cells via exosomes. Exosomal miR-25-3p regulates the expression of VEGFR2, ZO-1, occludin and Claudin5 in endothelial cells by targeting KLF2 and KLF4, consequently promotes vascular permeability and angiogenesis. In addition, exosomal miR-25-3p from CRC cells dramatically induces vascular leakiness and enhances CRC metastasis in liver and lung of mice. Moreover, the expression level of miR-25-3p from circulating exosomes is significantly higher in CRC patients with metastasis than those without metastasis. Our work suggests that exosomal miR-25-3p is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation and may be used as a blood-based biomarker for CRC metastasis.
New diabatic potential energy surfaces of the NaH2 system and dynamics studies for the Na(3p) + H2 → NaH + H reaction
Authors: Wang Shufen , Yang Zijiang , Yuan Jiuchuang , Chen Maodu
Published: December 2018

The Na(3p) + H2(X1Σg+) → NaH(X1Σ+) + H(2S) reaction plays an important role in the field of diabatic reaction dynamics. A set of new diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the NaH2 system are structured, which include the diabatic coupling between the lowest two adiabatic states. The electronic structure calculations are performed on the multi-reference configuration interaction level with the cc-pwCVQZ and aug-cc-PVQZ basis sets for Na and H atoms. 32402 geometries are chosen to construct the diabatic data by a unitary transformation based on the molecular property method. The diabatic matrix elements of $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{11}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

11

d

, $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{22}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

22

d

and $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{12}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

12

d

($${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{21}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

21

d

) are fitted by the artificial neural network model. The spectroscopic constants of diatoms obtained from the present PESs are consistent with the experimental data. The topographical and intersection characteristics of the $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{11}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

11

d

and $${{\boldsymbol{V}}}_{{\bf{22}}}^{{\boldsymbol{d}}}$$

V

22

d

surfaces are discussed. Based on the new PESs, the time-dependent quantum wave packet calculations are carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the title reaction in detail.