bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kraljevina Jugoslavija v boju proti malariji
Authors: Dobaja Dunja
Published: December 2021

Prispevek se osredotoča na problematiko malarije v jugoslovanski državi v obdobju med obema vojnama. Bila je ena izmed bolezni, s katerimi se je morala spopadati nova država po prvi svetovni vojni. Malarija je bila sicer v endemični obliki v določenih delih bodoče skupne države prisotna že pred vojno, a je med vojno in po njej ponekod dobila tudi epidemični značaj. Prispevek daje predvsem vpogled v malarična območja jugoslovanske države in njene ukrepe proti tej bolezni ter opozori na posledice bolezni, globljega vpogleda v socialne in ekonomske posledice malarije pa v tej fazi ne nudi, predvsem zaradi odsotnosti virov. Za takšna vprašanja bo v prihodnje potrebno raziskovalno delo v posameznih jugoslovanskih arhivih, kar pa avtorici trenutno ni omogočeno.
Poklicne bolezni in bolezni povezane z delom v Sloveniji
Authors: Vodopivec Ninav
Published: December 2021

Avtorica poveže sodobno sistemsko neurejenost poklicnih bolezni v Sloveniji z družbenopolitičnimi spremembami in s preoblikovanimi političnimi razmerji v zadnjih tridesetih letih, s paradigmo samoodgovornosti na področju zdravja ter dela in z družbenim razumevanjem poklicnih in s poklicem povezanih bolezni. Usmeri se tudi v zgodovino razvoja stroke zdravja in varnosti pri delu. Zdravja in varnosti pri delu ne obravnava skozi biomedicinsko, temveč političnoekonomsko ter družbenokulturno perspektivo. Poklicno zdravje razlaga kot politično družbeni fenomen, ki je povezan s strukturno ranljivostjo ljudi. Avtorica se ob doživljanju bolezni in poškodb zaradi dela sklicuje na etnografske raziskave, opravljene s tekstilnimi delavkami in delavci.
GÓMEZ BELLARD, C. – PÉREZ‑JORDÀ, G. – VENDRELL BETÍ, A. (coords.), 2020 La alimentación en el mundo fenicio‑púnico: producciones, procesos y consumos
Authors: Albuquerque Pedro
Published: December 2021

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STRESSES CALCULATION FOR A VERTICAL STORAGE TANK: MEMBRANE THEORY VS. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors:   Universitatea Petrol-Gaze din Ploieşti, România, maria.tanase@upg-ploiesti.ro, Tănase Maria
Published: December 2021

The objective of this paper is to calculate the stresses in the cylindrical walls of a vertical storage tank. The stresses state was determined both with membrane theory analysis and with finite element method (FEM), in order to make a comparison between the two methods and thus to validate the numerical method.
RE-EVALUATION OF A GAS STORAGE RESERVOIR IN THE MOESIAN PLATFORM USING A MULTI-CRITERIA INTEGRATED ANALYSIS
Authors:   Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania, dragos.cristea@upg-ploiesti.ro, Cristea Dragoș
Published: December 2021

An integrated approach was used to analyse the quality of a Miocene reservoir in the Moesian Platform, Romania. While this paper goes through all the main components of an integrated study (seismic, petrophysics, reservoir engineering), the main focus was on well data. This research focused on modelling the structure using mainly well data. The reservoir is associated with an alluvial cone structure and a canal system NNW-SSE, with the lithological traps in the southern part [1]. The reservoir pressure and the behaviour during production indicates a gas expansion is the main displacement mechanism, alongside a low influx of water. The results of this paper show that the performance of the reservoir is influenced not only by the available energy (the elastic gas expansion and a low influx of water), but also by the spatial distribution of different facies in relation to the well locations. Gas production started in 1962 and continues to this day. However, the Miocene reservoir was chosen for gas storage (UGS-Underground Gas Storage) due to its relatively large thickness, good porosity and large surface area [2]. The purpose of a reservoir characterisation is to incorporate existing data from petrophysics, geophysics, geological and reservoir engineering, so that the results obtained by the multidisciplinary team can be used to create a reservoir model which will improve economic results.
Evolution of volatility and composition in sesquiterpene-mixed and α-pinene secondary organic aerosol particles during isothermal evaporation
Authors: Li Zijun , Buchholz Angela , Ylisirniö Arttu , Barreira Luis , Hao Liqing , Schobesberger Siegfried , Yli-Juuti Taina , Virtanen Annele
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Efforts have been spent on investigating the isothermal
evaporation of α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles at ranges of conditions and
decoupling the impacts of viscosity and volatility on evaporation. However,
little is known about the evaporation behavior of SOA particles from
biogenic organic compounds other than α-pinene. In this study, we
investigated the isothermal evaporation behavior of the α-pinene and
sesquiterpene mixture (SQTmix) SOA particles under a series of relative
humidity (RH) conditions. With a set of in situ instruments, we monitored
the evolution of particle size, volatility, and composition during
evaporation. Our finding demonstrates that the SQTmix SOA particles
evaporated slower than the α-pinene ones at any set of RH (expressed
with the volume fraction remaining, VFR), which is primarily due to their
lower volatility and possibly aided by higher viscosity under dry
conditions. We further applied positive matrix factorization (PMF) to the
thermal desorption data containing volatility and composition information.
Analyzing the net change ratios (NCRs) of each PMF-resolved factor, we can
quantitatively compare how each sample factor evolves with increasing
evaporation time or RH. When sufficient particulate water content was present
in either SOA system, the most volatile sample factor was primarily lost via
evaporation, and changes in the other sample factors were mainly governed by
aqueous-phase processes. The evolution of each sample factor of the SQTmix
SOA particles was controlled by a single type of process, whereas for the
α-pinene SOA particles it was regulated by multiple processes. As
indicated by the coevolution of VFR and NCR, the effect of aqueous-phase
processes could vary from one to another according to particle type, sample
factors, and evaporation timescale.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related to lockdown measures on tropospheric NO2 columns over Île-de-France
Authors: Pazmiño Andrea , Beekmann Matthias , Goutail Florence , Ionov Dmitry , Bazureau Ariane , Nunes-Pinharanda Manuel , Hauchecorne Alain , Godin-Beekmann Sophie
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The evolution of NO2, considered as a proxy for air
pollution, was analyzed to evaluate the impact of the first lockdown (17 March–10 May 2020) over the Île-de-France region (Paris and surroundings). Tropospheric NO2 columns measured by two UV-Visible Système d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale (SAOZ) spectrometers were analyzed to compare the evolution of NO2 between
urban and suburban sites during the lockdown. The urban site is the
observation platform QualAir (48∘50′ N / 2∘21′ E) at the Sorbonne University Pierre and Marie Curie Campus in the center of Paris. The suburban site is located at Guyancourt (48∘46′N / 2∘03′E), Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 24 km southwest of Paris. Tropospheric NO2 columns above Paris and Guyancourt have shown similar
values during the whole lockdown period from March to May 2020. A decade of data sets were filtered to consider air masses at both sites with similar meteorological conditions. The median NO2 columns and the surface measurements of Airparif (Air Quality Observatory in Île de France)
during the lockdown period in 2020 were compared to the extrapolated values
estimated from a linear trend analysis for the 2011–2019 period at each
station. Negative NO2 trends of −1.5 Pmolec. cm−2 yr−1
(∼ −6.3 % yr−1) are observed from the columns, and trends of −2.2 µg m−3 yr−1 (∼ −3.6 % yr−1) are observed from the surface concentration. The negative anomaly in tropospheric columns in 2020 attributed to the lockdown (and related emission reductions) was found to be 56 % at Paris and 46 % at Guyancourt, respectively. A similar anomaly was found in the data of surface concentrations, amounting to 53 % and 28 % at the urban and suburban sites, accordingly.
PARAFOG v2.0: a near-real-time decision tool to support nowcasting fog formation events at local scales
Authors: Ribaud Jean-François , Haeffelin Martial , Dupont Jean-Charles , Drouin Marc-Antoine , Toledo Felipe , Kotthaus Simone
Published: December 2021

Abstract. An improved version of the near-real-time decision tool PARAFOG (PFG2) is
presented to retrieve pre-fog alert levels and to discriminate between
radiation (RAD) and stratus lowering (STL) fog situations. PFG2 has two
distinct modules to monitor the physical processes involved in RAD and STL
fog formation and is evaluated at European sites. The modules are based on
innovative fuzzy logic algorithms to retrieve fog alert levels (low,
moderate, high) specific to RAD/STL conditions, minutes to hours prior to
fog onset. The PFG2-RAD module assesses also the thickness of the fog. Both
the PFG2-RAD and PFG2-STL modules rely on the combination of visibility
observations and automatic lidar and ceilometer (ALC) measurements. The
overall performance of the PFG2-RAD and PFG2-STL modules is evaluated based on
9 years of measurements at the SIRTA (Instrumented Site for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Research) observatory near Paris and up to two
fog seasons at the Paris-Roissy, Vienna, Munich, and Zurich airports. At all
sites, pre-fog alert levels retrieved by PFG2 are found to be consistent
with the local weather analysis. The advanced PFG2 algorithm performs with a
hit rate of about 100 % for both considered fog types and presents a
false alarm ratio on the order of 10 % (30 %) for RAD (STL) fog
situations. Finally, the first high alerts that result in a subsequent fog
event are found to occur for periods of time ranging from −120 min to
fog onset, with the first high alerts occurring earlier for RAD than STL cases.
Analysis of large-scale UHF-RFID use-cases utilizing full-wave simulation techniques
Authors: Lach Miroslav , Looschen Christian , Biebl Erwin
Published: December 2021

Abstract. UHF-RFID is a mature and widespread technology that has the potential to increase the
reliability and efficiency of processes in logistics and production environments.
However, complex interference effects in indoor environments pose challenges to the implementation
of reliable wireless communication systems like RFID.
This work proposes a method for tag performance evaluation utilizing a coherent two-stage rating process.
This enables the abstraction of physical quantities and facilitates the interpretation of tag readability.
For this purpose, two well-established full-wave techniques are utilized to perform deterministic simulations
of a logistical UHF-RFID use-case.
The setup of large-scale simulation environments is discussed and important quantities to be considered in
RFID-systems are derived.
Based on the simulation results and the proposed rating method, the RFID use-case is evaluated.
Results are visualized in full-3D, facilitating the identification of critical spots.
Furthermore, a subsequent cross-validation of the simulation results is performed, verifying the validity of the simulation results.
By performing a priori propagation analysis, issues can effectively be revealed beforehand and costly modifications
after system deployment can be avoided.
Method for prediction of EMI Emissions from Automotive Ethernet to Vehicle Antennas
Authors: Panholzer Emanuel , Kobelski Vadim , Aidam Martin , Franz Walter , Lindenmeier Stefan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In automotive application new point-to-point (P2P) wideband
communication systems e.g. Automotive Ethernet 100BASE-T1 imply an
increasing effort in safeguarding its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
The state-of-the-art EMC safeguarding process proposes a pre-compliant
system level test before the vehicle level test, which may have significant
variation in test results due to the different electromagnetic environment.
This work presents an approach to calculate the emission signal at the
vehicle antenna from the ECU output signal given by the power spectral
density (PSD) of the Automotive Ethernet ECUs. The determination is
performed via a transfer function which describes the coupling between the
Ethernet wire harness and the antenna. This approach considers the modelling
of the complex vehicle environment by the transfer function which promises
the determination of an accurate emission signal before performing the
vehicle level test. Further, the transfer function for a specifically EMC
critical cable harness routing along the cockpit area is analyzed in more
detail with a 3D simulation, which validates the chosen measurement
technique of the transfer function.
Performance analysis of 300 GHz backhaul links using historic weather data
Authors: Jung Bo Kum , Kürner Thomas
Published: December 2021

Abstract. According to the recently published IEEE standard 802.15.3d (2017), THz links operating at 300 GHz are viable to achieve more than 100 Gbit s−1 of data rate. This feature can support a transition of the future backhaul connectivity from the underground fibre connection to the wireless, where fibre links are not available or too costly to install. The EU-Japan Horizon 2020 project “ThoR” is working towards the demonstration of such links. A detailed investigation on the influence of weather conditions will help to derive planning guidelines of 300 GHz backhaul links for forthcoming applications. This paper focuses on the dependency of the THz link on the general weather by using ray-tracing simulation. Simulation is conducted combining ITU-R propagation models for atmospheric attenuation (water vapour and oxygen content of air, droplets of rains, liquid content of clouds or fog), a wind-depending swaying model for the antenna poles, and historical measured climate data for the deployment scenarios considered in the ThoR project. As a result, this research will show the feasibility of THz link in outdoor applications under general weather conditions, defines weather-dependent outage probabilities, and allows us to derive planning guidelines of THz links at a frequency of 300 GHz.
Potentials of the Application of the Electrical Transmission Line Theory for Thermal Investigations on Cables
Authors: Henke Anika , Frei Stephan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In this contribution, similarities and differences
between electrical and thermal effects on cables are investigated. In the
electrical transmission line theory, a wide variety of methods is known to
describe the voltage and current along cables. The potential for the
adaption of some of those methods to thermal problems is discussed.
Exemplarily, for an unshielded single cable, an analytical solution based on
the Laplace transform and an approach based on cascaded equivalent circuits
are compared with a numerical reference solution and measurement results.
Description of the Coupling of two Loop Antennas using Electrical Equivalent Circuit Diagrams
Authors: Rogowski Maik , Fisahn Sven , Garbe Heyno
Published: December 2021

Abstract. EMC measurements must be carried out in standardized and defined measuring environments. The frequency range between 9 kHz and 30 MHz is a major challenge for measurement technology. The established test sites are designed with an perfect elelctrically conducting ground. For the considered lower frequency range, the metrological validation is carried out with magnetic field antennas in this frequency range. The aim is therefore to take into account the ferromagnetic properties of the ground plane in such a measurement environment and to describe them analytically or numerically with an electrical equivalent circuit diagram. In this article we simplify the model to two loopantennas in Freespace without groundplane to check if the approache with the ECD will work. Therefore we use various numerical field calculation programs in the frequency range up to 30 MHz. The results from simulations are to be checked for correctness with describing them analytically or numerically. For this purpose, a model consisting of two loop antennas was created and simulated in a numerical simulation program. In order to validate the results from the simulation, two different approaches to creating an electrical equivalent circuit (ECD) are examined. The first approach is based on the real equivalent circuit diagram of a coil and the second approach forms a parallel resonant circuit of the first resonance of an antennas input impedance. The focus here is on the mutual inductance, which represents the coupling between the two antennas.
Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Tzortzis Roxane , Doglioli Andrea M. , Barrillon Stéphanie , Petrenko Anne A. , d'Ovidio Francesco , Izard Lloyd , Thyssen Melilotus , Pascual Ananda , Barceló-Llull Bàrbara , Cyr Frédéric , Tedetti Marc , Bhairy Nagib , Garreau Pierre , Dumas Franck , Gregori Gérald
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Model simulations and remote sensing observations show that ocean dynamics at fine scales (1–100 km in space, day–weeks in time) strongly influence the distribution of phytoplankton.
However, only a few in situ-based studies at fine scales have been performed, and most of them concern western boundary currents which may not be representative of less energetic regions.
The PROTEVSMED-SWOT cruise took place in the moderately energetic waters of the western Mediterranean Sea (WMS), in the region south of the Balearic Islands.
Taking advantage of near-real-time satellite information, we defined a sampling strategy in order to cross a frontal zone separating different water masses.
Multi-parametric in situ sensors mounted on the research vessel, on a towed vehicle and on an ocean glider were used to sample physical and biogeochemical variables at a high spatial resolution.
Particular attention was given to adapting the sampling route in order to estimate the vertical velocities in the frontal area also.
This strategy was successful in sampling quasi-synoptically an oceanic area characterized by the presence of a narrow front with an associated vertical circulation.
A multiparametric statistical analysis of the collected data identifies two water masses characterized by different abundances of several phytoplankton cytometric functional groups, as well as different concentrations of chlorophyll a and O2.
Here, we focus on moderately energetic fronts induced by fine-scale circulation.
Moreover, we explore physical–biological coupling in an oligotrophic region.
Our results show that the fronts induced by the fine-scale circulation, even if weaker than the fronts occurring in energetic and nutrient-rich boundary current systems, maintain nevertheless a strong structuring effect on the phytoplankton community by segregating different groups at the surface.
Since oligotrophic and moderately energetic regions are representative of a very large part of the world ocean, our results may have global significance when extrapolated.
Quantifying functional consequences of habitat degradation on a Caribbean coral reef
Authors: Webb Alice E. , de Bakker Didier M. , Soetaert Karline , da Costa Tamara , van Heuven Steven M. A. C. , van Duyl Fleur C. , Reichart Gert-Jan , de Nooijer Lennart J.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Coral reefs are declining worldwide. The abundance of corals has decreased alongside a rise of filter feeders, turf, and algae in response to intensifying human pressures. This shift in prevalence of functional groups alters the biogeochemical processes in tropical water ecosystems, thereby influencing reef functioning. An urgent challenge is to understand the functional consequences of these shifts to develop suitable management strategies that aim at preserving the biological functions of reefs. Here, we quantify biogeochemical processes supporting key reef functions (i.e. net community calcification (NCC) and production (NCP) and nutrient recycling) in situ for five different benthic assemblages currently dominating shallow degraded Caribbean reef habitats. To this end, a transparent custom-made enclosure was placed over communities dominated by either one of five functional groups – coral, turf and macroalgae, bioeroding sponges, cyanobacterial mats, or sand – to determine chemical fluxes between these communities and the overlying water, during both day and night. To account for the simultaneous influence that distinct biogeochemical processes have on measured variables, the rates were then derived by solving a model consisting of differential equations describing the contribution of each process to the measured chemical fluxes. Inferred rates were low compared to those known for reef flats worldwide. Reduced accretion potential was recorded, with negative or very modest net community calcification rates for all communities. Net production during the day was also low, suggesting limited accumulation of biomass through photosynthesis and remineralisation of organic matter at night was relatively high in comparison, resulting in net heterotrophy over the survey period for most communities. Estimated recycling processes (i.e. nitrification and denitrification) were high but did not fully counterbalance nutrient release from aerobic mineralisation, rendering all substrates sources of nitrogen. Results suggest similar directions and magnitudes of key biogeochemical processes of distinct communities on this shallow Curaçaoan reef. We infer that the amount and type of organic matter released by abundant algal turfs and cyanobacterial mats on this reef likely enhances heterotroph activity and stimulates the proliferation of less diverse copiotrophic microbial populations, rendering the studied reef net heterotrophic and drawing the biogeochemical “behaviour” of distinct communities closer to each other.
SWE modelling: comparison between different approaches applied to Germany
Authors: Castino Fabiana , Wichura Bodo , Schellander Harald , Winkler Michael
Published: December 2021

The characterization of the snow cover by snow water equivalent (SWE) is fundamental in several environmental applications, e.g., monitoring mountain water resources or defining structural design standards. However, SWE observations are usually rare compared to other snow measurements as snow depth (HS). Therefore, model-based methods have been proposed in past studies for estimating SWE, in particular for short timescales (e.g., daily). In this study, we compare two different approaches for SWE-data modelling. The first approach, based on empirical regression models (ERMs), provides the regional parametrization of the bulk snow density, which can be used to estimate SWE values from HS. In particular, we investigate the performances of four different schemes based on previously developed ERMs of bulk snow density depending on HS, date, elevation, and location. Secondly, we apply the semi-empirical multi-layer Δsnow model, which estimates SWE solely based on snow depth observations. The open source Δsnow model has been recently used for deriving a snow load map for Austria, resulting in an improved Austrian standard. A large dataset of HS and SWE observations collected by the National Weather Service in Germany (DWD) is used for calibrating and validating the models. This dataset consists of daily HS and three-times-a-week SWE observations from in total ~1000 stations operated by DWD over the period from 1950 to 2020. A leave-one-out cross validation is applied to evaluate the performance of the different model approaches. It is based on 185 time series of HS and SWE observations that are representative of the diversity of the regional snow climatology of Germany. Cross validation reveals for all ERMs: 90% of the modelled SWE time series have a root mean square error (RMSE) and a bias lower than 45 kg/m² and 2 kg/m², respectively. The Δsnow model shows the best performance with 90% of the modelled SWE time series having an RMSE lower than 30 kg/m² and bias similar to the ERMs. This comparative study provides new insights on the reliability of model-based methods for estimating SWE values. The results show that the Δsnow model and, to a lower degree, the developed ERMs can provide satisfactory performances even on short timescales. This suggest that these models can be used as reliable alternative to more complex thermodynamic snow models, even more if long-term meteorological observations aside HS are scarce.
Reducing transport errors in WRF modeling of greenhouse gas distributions through a combination of grid-nudging and regular restarts
Authors: Ho Tzu-Hsin , Gałkowski Michał , Marshall Julia , Totsche Kai Uwe , Gerbig Christoph
Published: December 2021

Atmospheric transport models are often used to simulate the distribution of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) for atmospheric inverse modeling. However, errors in simulated transport are often neglected in the context of inverse flux estimation. We coupled the commonly used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the greenhouse gas module (WRF-GHG), to enable passive tracer transport simulation of CO2 and CH4. As a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model, WRF’s transport is only constrained by global meteorological fields via initialization and at the lateral boundaries; over time the winds in the center of the domain can deviate considerably from these (re-)analysis fields that are constrained by observations. The aim of this study is to have the WRF-simulated transport represent reality as closely as possible, which in this case means staying consistent with the (ERA5) reanalysis fields used as boundary conditions.

Therefore, two ways of blending ERA5 with WRF-GHG were tested: (a) regularly restarting the model with fresh initial conditions from ERA5, and (b) nudging the atmospheric winds, temperatures, and moisture to those from ERA5 continuously, using the built-in FDDA option (four-dimensional data assimilation). FDDA constantly forces the model towards the physical reference state (ERA5) by adding an additional tendency term at each grid point and time step.

Meteorological variables, as well as the concentrations of CO2 and CH4, were analyzed by comparing with observations. We also compared mixed layer heights (PBLH) with radiosonde-derived observation. We found that performance in horizontal winds and PBLH are slightly better in the nudged simulation (NS) compared to the simulation incorporating frequent restarts (RS). The advantage of grid-nudging is notable when comparing CH4 with aircraft measurements from the CoMet campaign. However, differences in soil moisture increase over time, as soil moisture is not used for nudging. The consequence is a change in the Bowen ratio and thus in vertical mixing, impacting the distribution of GHG tracers in general.

To preserve the benefits of nudging and avoid the divergence of soil moisture, we recommend a hybrid approach, combining nudging with daily re-initializations. This technique will be used in an ensemble-based regional inversion system currently under development to make use of satellite-based measurements of GHGs.
Paläoklima-Anwendungen von Klimamodellen: neue Erkenntnisse zum Meteoriteneinschlag vor 66 Millionen Jahren
Authors: Feulner Georg
Published: December 2021

Obwohl noch viele spannende Fragen offen sind, hat die Erforschung der Klimageschichte der Erde in den letzten Jahrzehnten erhebliche Fortschritte gemacht. Diese bemerkenswerten Erfolge beruhen zum einen auf der Erschließung neuer Klimaarchive sowie auf der Entwicklung innovativer Methoden zu deren Auswertung, zum anderen aber auch auf einem verstärkten Interesse, das Klima vergangener Zeiten mit Hilfe verbesserter numerischer Modelle zu untersuchen. In meinem Überblicksvortrag stelle ich eine Reihe von aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen vor, die zeigen, wie die Anwendung von Klima- und Erdsystemmodellen zu neuen Erkenntnissen über Ursache und Wirkung vergangener Klimaänderungen sowie über die Dynamik von warmen und kalten Paläoklimazuständen führen kann. Ein prominentes Beispiel sind unsere Forschungsarbeiten zur Klimawirkung des Meteoriteneinschlags vor 66 Millionen Jahren, der unter anderem mit dem Aussterben der Dinosaurier in Verbindung gebracht wird. Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass stratosphärische Sulfat-Aerosole aus dem Einschlag zu einer lang anhaltenden Abkühlung geführt haben. Diese Abkühlung verursachte aber auch eine ausgeprägten Durchmischung der Ozeane. Die dabei an die Oberfläche gebrachten Nährstoffe – kombiniert mit Eisen aus dem Meteoritenstaub – resultierten in einer starken Düngung der marinen Biosphäre und damit in einer globalen Algenblüte nach dem Ende der Verdunkelung. Dieser neu entdeckte Effekt könnte zum Aussterben höherer Lebensformen in den Ozeanen beigetragen haben.
Validierung einer Fast-Response Sonde für Wind- und Turbulenzmessung an Bord eines unbemannten Luftfahrzeuges
Authors: Jung Saskia , Weber Ines , Platis Andreas , Bange Jens
Published: December 2021

Für Wind- und Turbulenzmessungen an Bord unbemannter Luftfahrzeugsysteme (unmanned aerial systems, UAS) werden bisher häufig Mehrlochsonden (MLS) eingesetzt. In einer Fast-Response Sonde (FRS) werden im Gegensatz zu konventionellen MLS die Drucksensoren innerhalb des Sondenkörpers platziert, was zu kürzeren Druckleitungslängen, und somit zu schnelleren Reaktionszeiten führt. Mit dieser Methode wurden in Windkanalanwendungen Messfrequenzen im kHz-Bereich demonstriert. Eine Messung in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht mit höherer Auflösung kann die Erfassung turbulenter Flüsse oder kleinskaliger Turbulenz, wie zum Beispiel Blattspitzenwirbel von Windradflügeln, verbessern. Auch kann die Datengrundlage für direkte numerische Simulationen geschaffen werden.
Zu Erprobungszwecken wurde eine FRS als zusätzliche Komponente in das Sensorsystem des UAS vom Typ MASC-3 der Universität Tübingen integriert und Validierungsmessungen durchgeführt. Hierfür wurde eine spezielle Doppel-Sonden-Konfiguration entwickelt, die sowohl die FRS als auch die bisher in MASC-3 verwendete konventionelle MLS integriert. Es wurden umfangreiche Windkanaltests, sowie Druck-, Geschwindigkeits- und Strömungswinkelkalibrierungen durchgeführt. Flugmessungen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht unter stabilen Bedingungen mit schwacher Turbulenz ergaben, dass Mittelwerte und Varianzen der dreidimensionalen Windkomponenten der FRS mit Messungen der konventionellen MLS übereinstimmen. Analysen von Energiespektren und Strukturfunktionen zeigen, dass eine genaue Messung der Turbulenz bis zu einer Frequenz von ca. 80 Hz möglich ist. Über 80 Hz wich das gemessene Spektrum von der erwarteten Kolmogorov-Verteilung ab, womit eine knapp dreifach verbesserte Messauflösung gegenüber der mit der konventionellen Mehrlochsonde maximal möglichen Auflösung von ca. 30 Hz erreicht werden konnte. Bei einer typischen Fluggeschwindigkeit von 18,5 m s-1 entspricht dies einer räumlichen Auflösung von ca. 20 cm.
ARISE - Atmospheric Dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe
Authors: Hupe Patrick ,   ARISE team
Published: December 2021

The Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE) project has integrated different meteorological and geophysical station networks and technologies providing observations from the ground to the lower thermosphere. A particular emphasis is on improving observations in the middle atmosphere, as this is a crucial region affecting tropospheric weather and climate. Besides supporting innovative prototypes of mobile lidars and microwave radiometers, ARISE utilized the global infrasound network developed for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification, the lidar Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), meteor radars, wind radiometers, ionospheric sounders and satellites.

This presentation highlights the objectives and results as well as perspectives of the first two project phases – one within the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme and the second within the Horizon 2020 programme. ARISE has facilitated multi-instrument stations and collocated measurement campaigns at different latitudes in Europe, including the observatories ALOMAR in northern Norway, OHP in southern France and Maïdo on Reunion Island (France), as well as the infrasound station in southern Germany. One ARISE study, for instance, analyzed different ground-based and space-borne observation technologies, revealing systematic biases for temperature and wind in both analysis and reanalysis models. Such biases are critical to the CTBT verification when validating infrasound signal detections by propagation modelling. Also, the potential of infrasound to be assimilated in weather or climate models was proposed, as infrasound can be used to probe winds and cross-wind effects in the middle atmosphere. Meanwhile, offline assimilation tests relying on infrasound data from ground-truth explosion events and wind data of ECMWF’s ERA5 model have been conducted. Overall, the interest of ARISE is to provide atmospheric data products and services for both scientific and civilian-security applications, including the monitoring of extreme events that have an atmospheric signature, such as meteors, thunderstorms or volcanic eruptions. For early warnings on volcanic eruptions, the Volcano Information System (VIS) was proposed as an ARISE product in cooperation with the CTBT organization and the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC).
Vulkanische Einflüsse auf Atmosphäre und Klima: Wissenschaftliche Highlights der DFG Forschungsgruppe VolImpact (FOR 2820)
Authors: von Savigny Christian ,   VolImpact-Team
Published: December 2021

Vulkanausbrüche stellen eine der größten Unsicherheiten für die Entwicklung des Klimas auf Zeitskalen von einigen Jahren bis zu einem Jahrzehnt dar. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen sie die Untersuchung der Reaktion des Klimasystems auf diese Ereignisse und können so das theoretische Verständnis des Klimasystems verbessern. Im Rahmen der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Forschungsgruppe VolImpact (FOR 2820) werden in fünf wissenschaftlichen Projekten verschiedene Aspekte vulkanischer Einflüsse auf Atmosphäre und Klima untersucht, wie die initiale Entwicklung der Vulkanwolke, der Einfluss von Vulkanausbrüchen auf die stratosphärische Aerosolschicht, die Wechselwirkung vulkanischer Aerosole mit Wolken in der Troposphäre, sowie vulkanische Effekte auf die Dynamik der mittleren Atmosphäre und den troposphärischen Wasserkreislauf. In diesem Beitrag sollen nach einer Übersicht über die wichtigsten vulkanischen Einflüsse auf das Erdsystem exemplarisch einige wissenschaftliche Highlights aus der laufenden ersten Phase der Forschungsgruppe VolImpact vorgestellt werden. So zeigte sich beispielsweise, dass die Wechselwirkung der Asche mit kurzwelliger Strahlung zu Erwärmung und Auftrieb der Vulkanwolke führt, was die Lebensdauer der vulkanischen Aerosole in der Atmosphäre erhöht. Außerdem ergab die Analyse von SAGEIII/ISS Satellitenmessungen, dass stratosphärische Sulfataerosolpartikel nach vielen Eruptionen unerwarteterweise kleiner werden, was wichtige Konsequenzen für die physikalischen und chemischen Effekte der Aerosole nach sich zieht. Die zugrundeliegenden mikrophysikalischen Prozesse sind bisher nicht vollständig verstanden. Darüber hinaus konnte in Simulationen mit UA-ICON (Upper Atmosphere Version des ICON-Modells) gezeigt werden, dass die Erwärmung der unteren Stratosphäre durch vulkanische Aerosole zu einer starken Erwärmung an der Mesopause führen kann, die über eine vertikale Kopplung durch Schwerewellen vermittelt wird.
Implementierung von Landnutzungsänderungsdaten in ein Ensemble von regionalen Klimamodellen
Authors: Hoffmann Peter , Rechid Diana , Reinhart Vanessa , Asmus Christina , Böhner Jürgen , Breil Marcus , Cardoso Rita M. , Davin Edouard L. , Katragkou Eleni , Lima Daniela C.A. , Sofiadis Giannis , Strada Susanna , Tölle Merja H.
Published: December 2021

Landnutzungs- und Landoberflächenänderungen (LULCC) sind ein wichtiger Antrieb für regionale Klimavariabilität und Klimaänderungen. Bisher wurden LULCC in langjährigen Klimaänderungsprojektionen mit regionalen Klimamodellen (RCMs) nicht standardmäßig berücksichtig. Aus diesem Grund werden im Rahmen der WCRP CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study LUCAS (FPS LUCAS) koordinierte Downscaling-Experimente mit einem Ensemble von RCMs durchgeführt, die Landnutzungsänderungen berücksichtigen. Dafür wurde ein neuer hochaufgelöster LULCC-Datensatz für Europa von 1950-2100 erstellt (LUCAS LUC), der die spezifischen Datenanforderungen von RCMs erfüllt und zum Downscaling von CMIP6-Projektionen dienen soll. Für RCMs wurden bisher noch keine Standards für die Implementierung von jährlichen LULCC-Daten definiert, so dass die LULCC-Abbildung modellspezifisch unterschiedlich ist. Hierbei insbesondere zu nennen sind die unterschiedlichen Landnutzungs- und Landoberflächenklassifikationen der einzelnen Modelle, die eine Konvertierung der LUCAS LUC Daten in Antriebsdaten für RCMs erschweren.

Um diese Probleme zu erkennen und mögliche Unsicherheiten bei der Implementierung zu quantifizieren, wurden in der FPS LUCAS zunächst Testsimulationen für die EURO-CORDEX Domain über 2 bis 3 Jahre mit einem Ensemble von RCMs durchgeführt. Als LULCC-Antrieb für diese Simulationen werden LUCAS LUC Daten von zwei unterschiedlichen Epochen verwendet. Der Fokus der Präsentation liegt auf der Analyse der Verteilung einzelner Landnutzungs- und Landoberflächenkategorien und auf dem Einfluss der LULCC-Daten auf biogeophysikalische Größen und bodennahe atmosphärische Variablen. Darauf basierend werden Empfehlungen für die Verwendung von LUCAS LUC Daten in RCM-Experimenten gegeben.
Quantifying and modeling methane from the North Sea region with ICON-ART
Authors: Scharun Christian , Ruhnke Roland , Braesicke Peter
Published: December 2021

The release of greenhouse gases (GHG) like CH4 into the atmosphere plays a key role in driving the climate change. With the optimization of atmospheric chemistry climate models, the accuracy in assessing future scenarios is improved, which is an important factor in our efforts to mitigate climate change.

Within this work we introduce the WALLACE workflow, a method for the quantification and adjustment of wrong or missing emissions in well-established GHG-inventories, which are used as input data in atmospheric chemistry transport or climate models. The overall goal of WALLACE is to highlight emission hotspots and it therefore includes spatiotemporal proxy data and a selection algorithm. For the North Sea as a show case region we apply WALLACE to quantify methane emission fluxes of oil and gas platforms. The adjusted emissions are implemented as pointsources into our model and idealized simulations are performed to derive their impact on the spatial distribution of methane and its global and regional budget. Additionally, we take a look at the anti-correlation between methane and its main sink in the atmosphere, the hydroxyl radical (OH), which is implemented as a simple OH-chemistry mechanism into the model. This work makes a new and innovative contribution to achieve an accurate quantification of environmentally harmful gases – in particular CH4 - that drive man-made climate change.

In conjunction with WALLACE we use the global model ICON-ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model - Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases). ART is an online-coupled model extension for ICON that includes chemical gases and aerosols. One aim of the model is the simulation of interactions between the trace substances and the state of the atmosphere by coupling the spatiotemporal evolution of tracers with atmospheric processes, thus testing the impact of WALLACE-adjusted emissions on the CH4 distribution in the atmosphere.
Grenzen der Vorhersagbarkeit in den mittleren Breiten aus Sicht der potentiellen Vorticity
Authors: Riemer Michael , Craig George , Selz Tobias , Teubler Franziska
Published: December 2021

Die nicht-linearen Multiskalendynamik der Atmosphäre begrenzt den Zeitraum, über den Vorhersagen dieses komplexen Systems möglich sind. Wir betrachten die Dynamik, die zum Anwachsen von Unsicherheit in Mittelfrist-Vorhersagen führt, basierend auf der potentiellen-Vorticity (PV) Sichtweise der Dynamik der mittleren Breiten. Ausgehend von der PV-Gleichung beschreiben wir quantitativ das Anwachsen der Unterschiede in der PV zwischen Vorhersage und Analyse bzw. zwischen Mitgliedern einer Ensemblevorhersage. Die Tendenzen dieser PV-Unterschiede können wir dabei verschiedenen Prozessen und Mechanismen zuordnen. Unsere PV Diagnostik stellt dadurch ein wertvolles Werkzeug dar, um mechanistisches Verständnis des strömungsabhängigen Anwachsens von Vorhersageunsicherheit zu erlangen.

Wir betrachten in dieser Präsentation numerische Experimente sowie auch operationelle Vorhersagen. In den numerischen Experimenten, ausgehend von sehr geringen Störungen der "Vorhersage", finden wir ein drei-Phasen Modell für das Anwachsen der Unsicherheit. Besonders spannend ist dabei, dass sich die quantifizierten dominanten Prozesse in zwei der drei Phasen von bisherigen Modellen des Anwachsens der Unsicherheit bedeutend unterscheidet: Konsistent mit vorherigen Studien sind Feuchtprozesse auf der konvektiven Skala maßgeblich für die erste Phase. In einer zweiten Phase werden die Unsicherheiten durch divergentes Ausströmen in der oberen Troposphäre auf die Tropopause projiziert, wo sie in der dritten Phase durch nicht-lineare Wellendynamik verstärkt werden. Die Prozesse, die das Anwachsen der Unsicherheit dominieren, können sich demnach bedeutend von den dominierenden Prozessen des zugrunde liegenden Systems unterschieden: Baroklines Wachstum spielt keine bedeutende Rolle für das Anwachsen von Unsicherheit in dem hier präsentierten Mittel über viele Fälle.

Für die Entwicklung von Wettervorhersagesystemen scheint es von besonderem Interesse zu sein zu untersuchen, wie Modellfehler oder stochastische Parametrisierungen das divergente Ausströmen in der oberen Troposphäre verändern. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass es gerade dieses Ausströmen ist, das das weitere Anwachsen der Vorhersageunsicherheit durch nichtlineare Wellendynamik am effizientesten auslöst.
Meereisklassifikation aus Satellitendaten von Sentinel-1 und Sentinel-3
Authors: Wiehle Stefan , Murashkin Dmitrii , Frost Anja , Singha Suman , König Christine , König Thomas
Published: December 2021

Bedeckungsgrad, Struktur und Dicke von Meereis bilden eine wichtige Komponente der maritimen Meteorologie in polaren Breiten.

Die Copernicus-Satelliten Sentinel-1 mit Radarsensor und Sentinel-3 mit dem SLSTR-Sensor für den optischen bis thermal-infraroten Bereich lassen jeweils unterschiedliche Rückschlüsse auf das Meereis zu. Beide Missionen bestehen aus jeweils zwei Satelliten und befinden sich im niederen Erdorbit (LEO) auf einer pol-nahen Umlaufbahn. Dadurch ergibt sich in polaren Breiten eine sehr hohe kombinierte Aufnahmefrequenz von teils mehreren Aufnahmen pro Tag im selben Gebiet.

Die Radaraufnahmen von Sentinel-1 erfolgen mit einer Schwadbreite von 410 km und einer räumlichen Auflösung von 25 m oder 40 m. In dieser Auflösung sind kleinskalige Eisstrukturen noch gut erkennbar. Ein neu entwickelter Algorithmus klassifiziert das Meereis basierend auf den Unterschieden in der Radarrückstreuung und somit der Eisoberflächenstruktur. Es wird zwischen Neueis, einjährigem und mehrjährigem Eis unterschieden. Der Vorteil der Radartechnik ist die Unabhängigkeit von Bewölkung und Sonnenstand, was insbesondere während der Polarnacht entscheidend ist.

Die optischen Aufnahmen von Sentinel-3 mit dem SLSTR-Instrument haben eine räumliche Auflösung von 500 m und eine Schwadbreite von 1420 km. In 9 Spektralkanälen werden Wellenlängen zwischen 550 nm und 12 µm gemessen. Hiermit konnte ein Algorithmus von K&P entwickelt werden, der eine kontinuierliche Klassifikation der Eis-/Schnee-Situation ermöglicht. Sie erlaubt eine Differenzierung von mindestens 4 Klassen der Eisdicken bis ca. 30 cm, sowie bei dickerem Eis die Ableitung von Eigenschaften der Schneeoberflächen in Bezug auf Alter und Feuchtigkeit. Besonders in Abschmelzphasen wird die Zunahme der Feuchtigkeit in der Schneeoberfläche sowie die Bildung von Schmelzwassertümpeln fein abgestuft erkennbar.

Beide Sensortypen erfassen also unterschiedliche Eigenschaften des Eises. Derzeit wird eine gemeinsame Klassifikation beider Datenquellen entwickelt, die eine genauere Meereisklassifikation durch Fernerkundung ermöglichen soll.
Seasonal evolution of basal environment conditions of Russell sector, West Greenland, inverted from satellite observation of surface flow
Authors: Derkacheva Anna , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Mouginot Jeremie , Jager Eliot , Maier Nathan , Cook Samuel
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Due to increasing surface melting on the Greenland ice sheet, better constraints on seasonally evolving basal water pressure and sliding speed are required by models. Here we assess the potential of using inverse methods on a dense time series of surface speeds to recover the seasonal evolution of the basal conditions in a well-documented region in southwest Greenland. Using data compiled from multiple satellite missions, we document seasonally evolving surface velocities with a temporal resolution of 2 weeks between 2015 and 2019. We then apply the inverse control method using the ice flow model Elmer/Ice to infer the basal sliding and friction corresponding to each of the 24 surface velocity data sets. Near the margin where the uncertainty in the velocity and bed topography are small, we obtain clear seasonal variations that can be mostly interpreted in terms of an effective-pressure-based hard-bed friction law. We find for valley bottoms or “troughs” in the bed topography that the changes in modelled basal conditions directly respond to local modelled water pressure variations, while the link is more complex for subglacial “ridges” which are often non-locally forced. At the catchment scale, in-phase variations in the water pressure, surface velocities, and surface runoff variations are found. Our results show that time series inversions of observed surface velocities can be used to understand the evolution of basal conditions over different timescales and could therefore serve as an intermediate validation for subglacial hydrology models to achieve better coupling with ice flow models.
TOXONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF WOOD AND SHRUB VEGETATION OF THE STATE NATIONAL NATURAL PARK «TARBAGATAY»
Authors: Sadakova Bayan Duisekovna , Saparova Gulnara Sikimbaevna , Kuanyshbaeva Meruert Galymovna , Polevik Vasiliy Vladimirovisch
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to determine the species composition of the dendroflora of the State National Natural Park «Tarbagatai» of Urdzhar district and to determine the species features.Compilation of the flora cadastre of the Tarbagatai State National Natural Park.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL OF A HYDRAULIC HAMMER PISTON, DESIGNED FOR GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kalchevska Kamelia
Published: December 2021

The piston part provided to us by the Bulgarian company to clarify the reason for its breakage.
A Imagem Imita a Vida, e a Vida Quer Imitar a Imagem
Authors: Dugnani Patricio
Published: December 2021

Acredita-se que a força motriz do processo da imagem consumir o humano, vem da vontade de imitar a imagem que o humano apresenta. A partir dessa reflexão, a pergunta que se pretende fazer nesse texto, é: por que devoramos insaciavelmente as imagens, e nos deixamos devorar por elas? Para buscar responder essa pergunta esta pesquisa exploratória se baseará nos estudos da imagem e na relação entre elas e o humano na Hipermodernidade.