bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A harmonia segundo Aristóxeno de Tarento: comentários filosófico-epistemológicos sobre teoria musical grega
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Veiga Paulo Eduardo de Barros , Ricciardi Rubens Russomanno
Published: October 2021

Visando contribuir com os estudos de Harmonia, propõe-se um levantamento, com comentários, de expressões fundamentais da literatura musical grega, com base em Aristóxeno de Tarento (século IV a.C.). Sob essa proposta de análise semântica, também se procura perceber a organização de seu tratado de Harmonia, haja vista suas partes e uma metodologia. Por conseguinte, apontam-se alguns princípios filosóficos que norteiam a atividade musical, como a necessária disposição crítico-poiética do μουσῐκός (mousikós) e o conhecimento da episteme musical. Também incluem-se breves comentários sobre a tradição da literatura musical em latim, expressa desde Martianus Capella e Fabius Fulgentius, aproximadamente no século V d.C., até os teóricos mais tardios, com Sethus Calvisius e Blanchinus Veronensis, já no início dos séculos XVII e XVIII respectivamente, todos herdeiros de Aristóxeno e de seus epígonos, em menção a Aristides Quintiliano, Cleônides e Ptolomeu.
Os festivais da Guanabara
Authors:   Pesquisadora Independente, Cevallos Semitha Heloisa Matos
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compor a narrativa sobre as duas únicas edições do Festival da Guanabara, ocorridas em 1969 e 1970, respectivamente. Foram eventos dedicados à música de concerto nos mesmos moldes dos Festivais da Música Popular. Traçar esse discurso só foi possível pela consulta aos jornais, através de artigos jornalísticos dos críticos de música atuantes na época, bem como do material acerca dos festivais disponibilizado pela Funarte, além das gravações ao vivo dos concertos realizados pelo Museu da Imagem e do Som. Através desta investigação foi possível constatar a importância dos Festivais da Guanabara, não somente para a história da música de concerto brasileira da segunda metade do séc. XX, bem como para a narrativa artístico-nacional, trazendo o entendimento de que a “Era dos Festivais” também compreendeu dois eventos da música erudita.
A arte pianística de Barbara Nissman
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Santana Fernando Vago
Published: October 2021

Barbara Nissman é uma pianista norte-americana conhecida por suas gravações de Alberto Ginastera e Sergei Prokofiev. O compositor argentino dedicou a ela a última obra que escreveu, sua Sonata n. 3. Em 1989, ela realizou a primeira gravação integral das Sonatas para Piano de Prokofiev. É autora do livro Bartók and the piano: A performer´s view, além de uma extensa discografia e de DVDs que combinam performance pianística e conferências educativas sobre compositores e suas obras. Atua intensamente em palestras e master classes. Sua formação ocorreu da graduação ao doutorado na Universidade de Michigan, sob orientação do pianista Gyorgy Sandor, discípulo de Béla Bartók.
Resenha de Francisco de Sá Noronha (1821-1881): um músico português no espaço atlântico, de Luísa Cymbron (2019)
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC., Holler Marcos
Published: October 2021

O texto apresenta uma resenha do livro Francisco de Sá Noronha (1821-1881) - um músico português no espaço atlântico(CESEM/Editora Húmus, 2019), de Luísa Cymbron (Universidade Nova de Lisboa - CESEM), sobre o violinista e compositor português nascido em Viana do Castelo em 1820 e falecido no Rio de janeiro em 1881. Como compositor de óperas, operetas e outros gêneros de música vocal e instrumental, Noronha foi atuante em Portugal e no Brasil no séc. XIX, e sua biografia inclui também viagens aos Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e Cuba.
O repertório na construção identitária das bandas de música
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cruz Fernando Vieira da
Published: October 2021

A pluralidade de costumes e valores presentes nas bandas de música é uma característica discutida em ampla bibliografia sobre o tema. A construção identitária destes grupos musicais vem ocorrendo a partir de suas interações com diferentes segmentos da sociedade sempre perpassadas pelo seu repertório. Apresentamos neste texto uma discussão sobre estas intera-ções das bandas, cujo pano de fundo é tecido pelo repertório. O objetivo principal é discutir o papel do repertório na construção identitária do movimento de bandas no Brasil. Partimos dos episódios do trabalho de campo de pes-quisa de mestrado finalizada em 2019. Situações similares de diferentes regiões e momentos históricos são colocadas em diálogo com os episódios observados. A perspectiva teórica adotada tem por base a concepção de música como linguagem a partir da filosofia do Círculo de Bakhtin. A partir disto observamos que o repertório das bandas se constrói na mesma dinâmica do desenvolvimento dos grupos e cumpre diferentes papéis numa extensa trama histórica de significações musicais.
A equação da brasilidade em “Alegria, alegria”: panorama e aspectos formais
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Martins Pedro Henrique
Published: October 2021

O eixo central deste artigo é uma análise da canção “Alegria, alegria”, de Caetano Veloso, com interesse em aspectos formais de certa representação da brasilidade na música comercial radiofônica local durante os anos sessenta. Apontamos como a canção, proponente no III Festival de Música Popular Brasileira, de 1967, e espécie de manifesto de primeira hora pelo programa estético da Tropicália, suspende uma interpretação consagrada da brasilidade ao tensionar os pares conceituais antitéticos arcaico/moderno e local/universal. Visando à exposição do argumento, percorremos, em detalhe, procedimentos que chamamos multidirecionamento e justaposição, realizados entre os estratos musical e poético. À luz dos elementos levantados, ressaltamos, enfim, como “Alegria, alegria” encampa, na própria estrutura, impasses que inflexionam o debate da brasilidade ante o influxo global da cultura de massas.
Indícios de conhecimentos musicais nas concepções estilísticas preliminares de pianistas pós-graduandos: um estudo quase-experimental
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Cianbroni Samuel Henrique , Santos Regina Antunes
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo mapear indícios de conhecimentos musicais nas concepções preliminares de estilo demonstradas nas falas de jovens pianistas em nível de pós-graduação, na preparação de três obras impostas de períodos históricos distintos. Um quase-experimento foi realizado com três estudantes de piano cursando mestrado e doutorado em Música, em que os participantes aprenderam obras musicais de diferentes períodos (séc. XVIII, XIX e XX) e compositores (Haydn, Chopin e Bartók) em três sessões de estudo. Entrevistas e registros das obras pelos participantes permitiram coletar concepções para performances. Os resultados demonstraram consenso nas concepções sobre compositores e estilos em que os participantes já tinham experiência prévia de estudo de repertório (Haydn, Chopin), sendo que em Bartók, o consenso foi pequeno. A investigação trouxe evidências de que as referências relacionadas de modos de expressão musical prévios, organização explícita de entendimento (pré-concebido), assim como recepção/percepção na qualidade de intérprete-ouvinte parecem ser indícios consistentes de interconectar conhecimentos estilísticos e avançar perspectivas de conhecimento musical de instrumentistas em formação.
Aprendizagem musical criativa em tempos de pandemia: (re)compondo perspectivas e (im)possibilidades
Authors: Beineke Viviane
Published: October 2021

Este texto apresenta reflexões de cunho teórico sobre a educação musical em tempos de pandemia, quando as escolas de educação básica de redes públicas e privadas estiveram fechadas e as crianças receberam atividades escolares para serem realizadas em casa. Sem espaço físico e presencial para aulas de música, a elaboração de materiais didáticos para o ensino apresentou novos desafios. Nesse cenário, são colocados em discussão alguns eixos que nortearam a produção de materiais pedagógicos para o ensino fundamental, (re)pensando (im)possibilidades da aprendizagem criativa como fundamento teórico e abordagem metodológica para a produção de projetos criativo-musicais. Finalizando, são apresentados princípios que podem contribuir com a elaboração de projetos educacionais que favoreçam a escuta das crianças e o engajamento crítico e reflexivo no fazer musical, favorecendo a imaginação e abrindo perspectivas de conexão com a música, em casa.
Escutar para criar e/ou criar para escutar: provocações para as aulas de música nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Helena Lopes
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados do projeto “Escuta criativa como uma abordagem metodológica para o ensino de música nos anos finais do ensino fundamental” (PIBIC/UFMG/PRPq/2019), desenvolvido no espaço das aulas de Artes de uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte (MG). A proposta consistiu na elaboração e aplicação de oito planejamentos didáticos envolvendo atividades de escuta criativa (DELALANDE, 2019; PAYNTER, 2010) em diálogo com outras linguagens artísticas (CAZNOK, 2008; SCHAFER, 2011). Os dados coletados por meio de observações, filmagens, fotografias e entrevistas realizadas com os jovens e com a professora de Artes revelaram que a escuta criativa mostrou-se como um caminho para a ampliação dos repertórios musicais e para o desenvolvimento musical dos jovens. A estratégia de integrar a música com outras linguagens artísticas propiciou diferentes modos de fruição musical e possibilitou um maior engajamento dos jovens com as atividades propostas durante as aulas.
As transformações do organicismo e do conceito de motivo na teoria schenkeriana
Authors: Fortes Rafael
Published: October 2021

Este artigo elabora uma leitura sobre a trajetória da teoria schenkeriana: das reflexões sobre a linguagem e a genealogia da música no artigo de 1895, Der Geist der Musikalischen Technik, até a expressão derradeira de sua metodologia analítica em 1935, em Der Freie Satz. Reúne as questões que motivaram o desenvolvimento dessa teoria, dando especial enfoque às transformações do conceito de motivo e das metáforas organicistas. Observa como esses dois aspectos são desenvolvidos conjuntamente ao longo de 40 anos de produção teórica, demonstrando a íntima conexão entre aspectos técnicos e teóricos. A resolução de problemas, como a causalidade musical e a associação de ideias em sua teoria, é investigada à luz desses aspectos, motivando reflexões epistemológicas e filosóficas sobre o desenvolvimento da complexa musicologia de Schenker. Na exposição desta trajetória, o artigo se depara com diversas questões-chave que compreendem e antecipam o posterior desenvolvimento do método que denominamos hoje em dia como Análise Schenkeriana. Busca-se, com essa exposição, fomentar um diálogo mais complexo da teoria schenkeriana, tanto com o neo-schenkerianismo quanto com correntes do pensamento além do âmbito musicológico.
His bundle pacing: initial Slovenian single-centre experience
Authors: Ivanovski Maja , Zupan Mežnar Anja , Štublar Jernej , Žižek David
Published: October 2021

Background: High right ventricular (RV) pacing burden may promote left ventricular dysfunction. Recently, His bundle pacing (HBP) has emerged as an alternative method to RV pacing that provides physiological ventricular activation by directly stimulating the conduction system.

Methods: Consecutive 75 patients (male 61.3%, age 65 ± 14 yrs, preserved ejection fraction 53.8%, atrial fibrillation (AF) 56%) in whom HBP was attempted at our centre between May 2018 and September 2020 were included. Acute implant success rate, complications and mid-term outcomes were assessed.

Results: Permanent HBP was acutely successful in 69 patients (92%). There were no acute procedure-related complications. Most common indication was AF with rapid ventricular response (38.7%) where HBP was performed in conjunction with atrioventricular node ablation. Median fluoroscopy time was lower during the second half of implants (6.35 (2.7 – 47) vs. 5.4 (1.3 – 13.6) minutes; p = 0.004). His capture parameters remained stable during the median follow-up of 193 (59 – 342) days. Eleven patients (11/69, 15.9%) with initially successful procedure experienced a significant rise in HBP threshold. Three patients (3/69, 4.3%) needed HBP lead revision or deactivation.

Conclusion: Our initial experience indicates that HBP is feasible and safe in various pacing indications. Further randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed to provide the grounds for wider clinical application of this promising physiological pacing technique.
A Mid-Holocene reindeer antler from Regstrup, Sjælland, Denmark
Authors: Bennike Ole , Jensen Theis Zetner Trolle , Taurozzi Alberto John , Mackie Meaghan , Claudi-Hansen Lone , Magnussen Betina
Published: October 2021

A small, shed antler fragment of a reindeer from Sjælland, Denmark has been dated to the Mid-Holocene, ca., 4700 cal B.C. Reindeer was an important component of the Lateglacial fauna in Denmark, and the species survived for ca. 1400 years into the Holocene. However, we consider it highly unlikely that this species inhabited Denmark during the Mid-Holocene, when dense forests characterized the vegetation and summer temperatures were somewhat higher than at present. We suggest that the reindeer antler came to Sjælland from Norway or Sweden as a result of trade, perhaps involving flint.
Pas peur de « passer pour des Sauvages »
Authors: Gélinas Claude
Published: October 2021

Sous la gouverne de Duncan Campbell Scott, les Affaires indiennes ont entrepris, en 1925, un ambitieux projet de restauration et de préservation des mâts totémiques en Colombie-Britannique. Deux ans plus tard, la Loi sur les Indiens a été modifiée pour mieux protéger ces objets patrimoniaux dans les réserves. De telles initiatives apparaissent curieuses a priori, dans la mesure où les Affaires indiennes déployaient à la même époque des efforts sans précédent pour accélérer l’acculturation et, éventuellement, l’émancipation des Autochtones. Une analyse des archives des Affaires indiennes et des publications gouvernementales entourant ce projet montre que la dimension culturelle autochtone associée aux mâts totémiques préoccupait moins les hauts dirigeants que le souci de préserver et de protéger de la convoitise étrangère des objets devenus, au Canada, une source de revenus sur le plan touristique et un symbole de l’identité nationale. En cela, une telle initiative concordait avec le paradigme guidant la mise en oeuvre de la politique indienne de façon à privilégier, à court terme, les intérêts matériels de l’État au détriment de ceux des Autochtones – et à plus long terme l’objectif d’émancipation.
Interactions des étudiants internationaux à l’UQTR : le point de vue d’étudiants résidants du pays d’accueil sur leurs interactions avec des étudiants internationaux
Authors: Girard Vicky , Bérubé Farrah
Published: October 2021

À l’aide des concepts de sensibilité et de compétences interculturelles, les auteures de cet article discutent certains des résultats préliminaires d’une recherche exploratoire menée à l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), une université québécoise (Canada). Cet article porte sur les perceptions d’étudiants résidants du pays quant à leurs interactions avec des étudiants internationaux (ÉI) sur le campus. Bien que l’échantillon ne soit pas représentatif, on peut en conclure que ces interactions sont variables. Certains étudiants ont très peu de contacts avec des étudiants internationaux et les évitent alors que d’autres recherchent ce type d’interactions. Les propos des étudiants résidants révèlent également que plus leurs interactions sont nombreuses, plus ces contacts leur permettent de développer leur ouverture et leur acceptation de la différence (sensibilité à l’interculturel) de même que leurs capacités à interagir avec des étudiants internationaux (compétences interculturelles).
Internationalisation des études en région au Québec : défis et promesses au coeur des interactions à l’UQAR
Authors: Rennie Clency , Frozzini Jorge
Published: October 2021

Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires d’une enquête exploratoire (qualitative) menée à l’Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), visant à mieux comprendre les enjeux influençant le parcours universitaire d’étudiantes et étudiants internationaux à travers leurs interactions avec des étudiantes et étudiants locaux et des membres du corps enseignant, dans une perspective interculturelle. Nous nous penchons plus précisément sur les défis et les enjeux vécus lors des interactions dans les cours et les travaux d’équipe. Les premières données montrent l’importance d’une mise en place de conditions favorisant, au sein de l’institution, des dynamiques de collaboration dans une perspective interculturelle.
Expériences interculturelles universitaires et extracurriculaires : le cas d’une université américaine d’arts libéraux en Bulgarie
Authors: Bozhinova Krastanka
Published: October 2021

Cette étude vise à présenter des actions orientées vers le développement des compétences interculturelles d’étudiants internationaux dans une université située en Bulgarie, au sein de laquelle ils se voient confrontés au besoin d’une double intégration : à l’éducation de style américain et à l’environnement local. L’étude prend en compte des recherches sur les mobilités universitaires centrées sur des notions telles que l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur, la communication interculturelle et l’intégration grâce au curriculum formel et informel. Elle repose sur l’approche interventionniste « critique, intersubjective et socio-constructionniste » selon Dervin et rassemble deux études empiriques fondées sur cette approche dans le domaine de l’enseignement-apprentissage des langues vivantes et de l’activité artistique extrascolaire. L’analyse qualitative des données est centrée sur les épisodes de prise de conscience de particularités culturelles, d’ouverture à l’autre et de distanciation des participants par rapport à leurs attitudes et valeurs, ainsi que la perception des objectifs, des enjeux et de l’impact social de l’action artistique par les acteurs concernés. L’étude se termine par une évaluation du potentiel des expériences interculturelles pour favoriser à la fois la décentration et l’adaptation au milieu institutionnel et à la communauté locale dans le contexte des valeurs de l’éducation en arts libéraux.
Qui fait l’école ? L’ouverture de l’institution scolaire à la diversité à l’épreuve de l’homogénéité de ses cadres. Enquête dans une administration scolaire en Suisse
Authors: Conus Xavier , Borruat Stéphanie , Ogay Tania , Ballif Loyse
Published: October 2021

Face à certaines inégalités scolaires persistantes, les interrogations quant au rôle de l’école dans la prise en compte de la diversité de ses publics sont plus que jamais d’actualité. Lors d’une recherche antérieure, nous avons exploré comment se construisait la relation école-familles dans un établissement du canton de Fribourg (Suisse) accueillant principalement des enfants de familles immigrantes et aux revenus modestes. Nous y avons relevé l’ethnocentrisme des acteurs scolaires comme un obstacle majeur dans la relation entre l’école et ces familles, souvent peu coutumières du monde scolaire. Les acteurs scolaires apparaissaient pris dans cet ethnocentrisme, situé à un niveau largement institutionnel. Ce résultat nous a menés à explorer comment l’ethnocentrisme peut imprégner le fonctionnement même de l’institution scolaire, notamment en nous intéressant aux cadres de l’institution scolaire, aux acteurs qui lui donnent son orientation. Cet article vise à 1) établir un portrait des cadres de l’école fribourgeoise quant à leurs trajectoires personnelle, professionnelle et de formation ainsi qu’à leur rapport à la diversité culturelle à l’école et 2) repérer dans ce portrait d’éventuels éléments susceptibles de favoriser l’ethnocentrisme institutionnel. L’enquête s’est faite par questionnaire en ligne. Il ressort des résultats que la majorité des 152 cadres interrogés cumulent le fait d’être d’anciens élèves et des enseignants de l’école fribourgeoise. D’autres éléments participent à une homogénéité marquée des trajectoires des cadres interrogés, comme un vécu généralement positif de leur propre scolarité, le fait d’avoir plus souvent qu’à l’accoutumée un proche enseignant ou de n’avoir vécu aucune expérience scolaire ou professionnelle dans un autre contexte. Nous discutons comment le cadre-type de l’école fribourgeoise apparaît ainsi comme un « produit » de cette école, envers laquelle il entretient un rapport dès le départ positif, relativement exclusif et empreint d’une forme d’endogamie, ce qui est susceptible de favoriser l’ethnocentrisme institutionnel.
Function shaping in deep learning
Authors: Urtāns Ēvalds
Published: October 2021

This work describes the importance of loss functions and related methods for deep reinforcement learning and deep metric learning. A novel MDQN loss function outperformed DDQN loss function in PLE computer game environments, and a novel Exponential Triplet loss function outperformed the Triplet loss function in the face re-identification task with VGGFace2 dataset reaching 85,7 % accuracy using zero-shot setting. This work also presents a novel UNet-RNN-Skip model to improve the performance of the value function for path planning tasks.
Development of a Scenario-based Approach to Simulation Games Management
Authors: Bikovska Jana
Published: October 2021

The Doctoral Thesis is elaborated in the field of scenario-based simulation game management. The essence of simulation games and their role in the learning process is studied, their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The concept of simulation game scenarios is developed that enables efficient game management by using formal methods. An integrated approach to simulation game scenario management is developed and the procedure for scenario generation, simulation and control; as well as its implementation mechanisms, are described.
EFFECTS OF GREEN FERTILIZERS ON THE QUALITY STATUS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF THE CAMBIC CHERNOZEM FROM MOLDOVA
Authors: LEAH Tamara , CERBARI Valerian
Published: October 2021

Chernozems Cambic from Central Moldova are subject to different forms of anthropogenic degradation. One of these is dehumification (loss of humus) and compaction of arable soil layers. In the recent situation regarding soil degradation of Moldova, the use of green fertilizers (leguminous) in crop rotation is the only possibility to remediate and maintain the quality status of the arable soils for the long term. Research was carried out over two farming years (2015-2016). In order to assess the quality status and production capacity of degraded cambic chernozems, two green mass harvest of vetch were incorporated into the soil as organic fertilizer on the field used for one year as an ”busy field” - sown with vetch two time (autumn 2014 and spring 2015), in the 5-field crop rotation (vetch-wheatrapeseed- barley-sunflower). The research results showed that the incorporation into the soil by disking two harvests of green mass and vegetal debris of vetch (about 12,4 t ha-1) as organic fertilizers led to the increase of humus content by 0.20%, compared to the control variant; to accumulation in the soil of 310 kg of nitrogen, of which 180 kg fixed from the atmosphere; synthesis of about 3 t ha-1 of humus or 1.7 t ha-1 of carbon; sequestration of about 6.3 t ha-1 of CO2; a weakly positive balance of organic matter and nitrogen in the soil over 3-4 years was insured. On the plot where one harvest of green mass of vetch was incorporated into the soil as green fertilizers, the increase in the wheat harvest increased up 2.4 t ha-1, and on the plot where two harvests of green mass of vetch were introduced into the soil, the harvest increase up 3.2 t ha-1, the total harvest was 7.0 t ha-1.
PASTORALISM IN THE MAGHREB: A REVIEW ON ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-CULTURAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ASPECTS
Authors: EL BILALI Hamid , CARDONE Gianluigi , BOTTALICO Francesco , OTTOMANO PALMISANO Giovanni , CAPONE Roberto
Published: October 2021

Pastoralism is a livelihood system based on extensive production of livestock (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, camels) mainly on marginal lands. It is a traditional activity in the Mediterranean in general and the Maghreb (viz. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) in particular. This review casts light on research regarding pastoralism in the Maghreb. In particular, the paper analyses the benefits of pastoralism as well as the challenges faced by pastoralists in the region from the environmental, sociocultural, economic and political points of views. A search performed in July 2020 on the Web of Science yielded 113 documents and 68 of them were included in the systematic review. The analysed literature emphasizes the negative impacts of pastoralism and the challenges faced by pastoral communities in the Maghreb. These include climate change, land degradation and desertification, poverty and livelihood vulnerability as well as the ongoing erosion of pastoral culture and traditions. Doing so, scholars question the future of pastoralism in the region and highlight the need for its adaptation and transformation through, among others, moving towards agro-pastoral systems. There is a dearth of articles that highlight the positive impacts and benefits of pastoralism in the Maghreb. However, the literature shows that pastoralism has a long tradition and is an integral part of the Maghrebi culture and history, and values the traditional knowledge of pastoralists as well as their adaptive capacity. The review shows that there is a gap in research on pastoralism in the Maghreb especially regarding economics. In this context, regional projects such as PACTORES (Pastoral ACTORs, Ecosystem services and Society as key elements of agro-pastoral systems in the Mediterranean) result crucial to bridge the current knowledge gap and foster the sustainable development of pastoralism in the Maghreb and the Mediterranean at large.
On the choice of priority approaches towards taxation of the population
Authors: Tikhonova Anna Vital'evna
Published: October 2021

The object of this research is the system of taxation of the population, while the subject is the composition and structure of taxes paid by private entities. The author analyzes the two priority approaches towards building the optimal and utmost fair system of taxation of private entities – through the object of “income” or “consumption”. Detailed analysis is conducted on the advanced Russian and foreign research on the topic. The author outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach from the perspective of horizontal and vertical justice, individual utility and its discounting. The scientific discussion on the absolute viability of taxation of income and consumption of the population is allocated into a separate chapter of the research. Based on the qualitative theoretical analysis, the author concludes on the rationality of choosing integrated approach towards creation of taxation system of the population. The cornerstone in this regard is the determination of the optimal ratio of consumption and income taxes. For this purpose, the author develops the original methodology based on the scattering matrix of 87 countries of the world, correlation and regression analysis of the indicators of their economic development and tax rates. The scientific novelty of consists in substantiation of the existence of substantial connection between the ratio of taxes on consumption and income of the population and the level of socioeconomic development of the country.
Some aspects of the impact of Western European music upon the works of Sergei Rachmaninoff
Authors: Gnilov Boris Gennadievich , Nikoltsev Ilya Dmitrievich
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is certain manifestations of the impact of Western European music culture upon the works of Sergei Rachmaninoff. The object of this research is the piano, piano-orchestral and symphonic music of S. Rachmaninoff. Analysis is conducted on the particular manifestations of the impact of rhythmics that is characteristic to the Western European music and originated from it, certain melodic formulas, such as Dies Irae. Special attention is given to examination of the impact of rhythmic formulas that crystallized in Baroque period, such as “eighth with a dot, sixteenth and eighth", polyphonic rhythmics (with its specific manner of “ligation” of notes and syncopation), as well as the rhythm texture inherent to preludes and toccatas. The novelty of this article lies in the attempt to reveal the little-studied aspects of the impact of European music upon the musical language of Sergei Rachmaninoff. The conclusion is made that the music of Sergei Rachmaninoff reflects a strong influence of the European music, even his signature rhythmics, which at first glance is quite unexpected. The origins of Rachmaninoff's “rhythm formula” can be traced in the Western European polyphonic music. Other aspects of cultural interaction can also be easily identified. The acquired results can be applied in the pedagogical practice, as well as be valuable for musicologists, musicians, and anyone interested in Sergei Rachmaninoff’s music.
Dual-core Negative Curvature Fiber-based Terahertz Polarization Beam Splitter with Ultra-low Loss and Wide Bandwidth
Authors: 惠战强
Published: October 2021

A novel terahertz polarization beam splitter (PBS) with low loss and large bandwidth based on double core negative curvature fiber is designed. The device takes cycloolefin copolymer as the substrate, and 12 circular tubes with embedded tubes are evenly distributed along the circumference. The fiber core is divided into two cores through two groups of circumscribed small clad tubes symmetrical up and down. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze its guide mode properties. The effects of various structural parameters on its beam splitting characteristics are investigated in detail, and the extinction ratio (ER), bandwidth and transmission loss of the PBS are analyzed. The simulation results show that when the incident light frequency is 1THz and the beam splitter length is 6.224cm, the ER of x-polarized light reaches 120.8dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20dB is 0.024THz, the ER of y-polarized light reaches 63.74dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20dB is 0.02THz, and the total transmission loss is as low as 0.037dB/cm. Tolerance analysis shows that the PBS can still maintain good performance under the ± 1% deviation of structural parameters.
Paths and pathways that generate cell-type heterogeneity and developmental progression in hematopoiesis
Authors: Girard Juliet R , Goins Lauren M , Vuu Dung M , Sharpley Mark S , Spratford Carrie M , Mantri Shreya R , Banerjee Utpal
Published: October 2021

Mechanistic studies of Drosophila lymph gland hematopoiesis are limited by the availability of cell-type-specific markers. Using a combination of bulk RNA-Seq of FACS-sorted cells, single-cell RNA-Seq, and genetic dissection, we identify new blood cell subpopulations along a developmental trajectory with multiple paths to mature cell types. This provides functional insights into key developmental processes and signaling pathways. We highlight metabolism as a driver of development, show that graded Pointed expression allows distinct roles in successive developmental steps, and that mature crystal cells specifically express an alternate isoform of Hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif/Sima). Mechanistically, the Musashi-regulated protein Numb facilitates Sima-dependent non-canonical, and inhibits canonical, Notch signaling. Broadly, we find that prior to making a fate choice, a progenitor selects between alternative, biologically relevant, transitory states allowing smooth transitions reflective of combinatorial expressions rather than stepwise binary decisions. Increasingly, this view is gaining support in mammalian hematopoiesis.
Causal roles of prefrontal cortex during spontaneous perceptual switching are determined by brain state dynamics
Authors: Watanabe Takamitsu
Published: October 2021

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to orchestrate cognitive dynamics. However, in tests of bistable visual perception, no direct evidence supporting such presumable causal roles of the PFC has been reported except for a recent work. Here, using a novel brain-state-dependent neural stimulation system, we identified causal effects on percept dynamics in three PFC activities—right frontal eye fields, dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), and inferior frontal cortex (IFC). The causality is behaviourally detectable only when we track brain state dynamics and modulate the PFC activity in brain-state-/state-history-dependent manners. The behavioural effects are underpinned by transient neural changes in the brain state dynamics, and such neural effects are quantitatively explainable by structural transformations of the hypothetical energy landscapes. Moreover, these findings indicate distinct functions of the three PFC areas: in particular, the DLPFC enhances the integration of two PFC-active brain states, whereas IFC promotes the functional segregation between them. This work resolves the controversy over the PFC roles in spontaneous perceptual switching and underlines brain state dynamics in fine investigations of brain-behaviour causality.
The evolution of division of labour in structured and unstructured groups
Authors: Cooper Guy Alexander , Frost Hadleigh , Liu Ming , West Stuart Andrew
Published: October 2021

Recent theory has overturned the assumption that accelerating returns from individual specialisation are required to favour the evolution of division of labour. Yanni et al., 2020, showed that topologically constrained groups, where cells cooperate with only direct neighbours such as for filaments or branching growths, can evolve a reproductive division of labour even with diminishing returns from individual specialisation. We develop a conceptual framework and specific models to investigate the factors that can favour the initial evolution of reproductive division of labour. We find that selection for division of labour in topologically constrained groups: (1) is not a single mechanism to favour division of labour—depending upon details of the group structure, division of labour can be favoured for different reasons; (2) always involves an efficiency benefit at the level of group fitness; and (3) requires a mechanism of coordination to determine which individuals perform which tasks. Given that such coordination must evolve prior to or concurrently with division of labour, this could limit the extent to which topological constraints favoured the initial evolution of division of labour. We conclude by suggesting experimental designs that could determine why division of labour is favoured in the natural world.
Chocolate, identity, and extreme speech online
Authors: Felberg Tatjana , Šarić Ljiljana
Published: October 2021

In this article the phrase “extreme speech” is used to encompass both hate speech and impoliteness. Legislation against hate speech has been passed in many countries, while work on defining phenomena related to hate speech is still ongoing. As a rule, there is no legislation prohibiting impoliteness, and thus impoliteness is often perceived as a less serious verbal offence. There is, however, a grey zone between the two phenomena, which depends on contextual factors that must be constantly explored. In this article, we explore the gray zone between hate speech and impoliteness by looking at user-generated posts commenting on seemingly uncontroversial topics such as giving chocolate to children. The context we explore is the political relationship between Croatia and Serbia, two neighboring countries in the southwest Balkans with a history of recent military conflicts that ended in 1995. The relationship between these two countries can still be described as periodically troubled. The comments we analyze were posted on two online newspapers, the Croatian Jutarnji list and the Serbian Večernje novosti. Using impoliteness theory and Critical Discourse Analysis framework we identify and analyze various linguistic means that serve as extreme speech triggers, connect them to relevant contexts and highlight the grey zone that exist between hate speech and impoliteness. Our findings show that, in their discussions, the posters used a number of linguistic means for constructing national identities that at times resulted in extreme speech. The posters often targeted individual co-posters first and very quickly moved on to target ethnic groups, thus fluctuating between impoliteness and hate speech.
Cryptic diversity in the subgenus Oxyphortica (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Stegana)
Authors: Wang Ya-Lian , Wang Nan-Nan , Zhang Yuan , Tsaur Shun-Chern , Chen Hong-Wei
Published: October 2021

Phylogenetic relationships of the subgenus Oxyphortica were reconstructed based on two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND2). The results revealed the paraphyly of Oxyphortica and supported high levels of cryptic diversity within this subgenus. By integrating morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, we identified 17 new species as members of Oxyphortica: S. (O.) amphigya sp. nov., S. (O.) armillata sp. nov., S. (O.) ashima sp. nov., S. (O.) bawo sp. nov., S. (O.) crypta sp. nov., S. (O.) gelea sp. nov., S. (O.) hengduanmontana sp. nov., S. (O.) jinmingi sp. nov., S. (O.) mengbalanaxi sp. nov., S. (O.) mouig sp. nov., S. (O.) setipes sp. nov., S. (O.) shangrila sp. nov., S. (O.) tsauri sp. nov., S. (O.) valleculata sp. nov., S. (O.) wanhei sp. nov., S. (O.) yangjin sp. nov. and S. (O.) hypophaia sp. nov. To test the early morphological identifications and confirm the species boundaries, different species delimitation methods, including Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BP&P), were used, together with traditional distance. All species boundaries were clearly defined. As Oxyphortica species are mainly distributed across Southwest China (e.g., 20 spp. from the Hengduan Mountains), the complex climate and topographic landforms of the area may be responsible for the high levels of species diversity and endemism.
Input Demand and Output Supply Elasticities of Coarse Cereals in India: A Translog Profit and Sure Approach
Authors: Ashrit Radha R.
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim was to estimate the output supply and input demand elasticities of maize, jowar and bajra production, using the restricted normalised translog profit function, for the major producing states of India (Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan). 

Study Design: A stratified multi-stage random sampling design was adopted for carrying out the sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: The study pertains to cross sectional plot level data for the period 2013-14 and 2017-18. The study is based on secondary data, collected from Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. 

Methodology: For the present studied crops (maize, jowar and bajra), those states were selected which covered maximum area, i.e, 85% of the total area under the cultivation. Socio-economic data of farmers such as age, sex, level of education, occupation, size of landholding were collected. The translog profit function approach was used as the econometric technique to estimate output supply, and input demand functions. Labour, fertiliser and seeds are taken as variable inputs. Statistical software STATA version 16 was used for the analysis.

Results: The results suggest that the changes in market prices of inputs and output significantly affect the farmers’ profits, crop produce supply and the use of resources in the cultivation of these crops. The supply elasticities of maize, jowar and bajra with respect to its own prices are positive and statistically significant indicating that increase in support prices can boost the supply of these nutri-grains and farmers profits. Labour demand for these crops in the country is elastic and significant to its own price.

Conclusion: During both the periods, 2013-14 (typical monsoon year) and 2017-18 (drought year), the elasticities derived are statistically robust as almost all of them carried compatible signs and in line with the theory. Promoting these crops can contribute to labour absorption.
Antioxidant Potential and GC-MS Analysis of Abrus precatorius Linn Leaves Ethanol Extract
Authors: Gawade Bhimraj , Farooqui Mazahar
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of present study to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Abrus precatorius Linn leaves ethanol extract containing bioactive compounds on free radical scavenger using DPPH. Ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius Linn leaves was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and fraction of extract was detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis.

Methodology and Results: GC-MS analysis of ethanol leaves extract was carried out on Shimadzu GC-MS model number QP 2010S and revealed the presence of 18 phytochemical compounds, with mome inositol as a dominant component. Antioxidant potential of leaves ethanol extract was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging assay at five different doses as 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μg/mL and showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging potential with the IC50 value of 33.37 μg/mL. The bioautography of extract showed that fractions with the most prominent antioxidant potential tended to contain secondary metabolites reported in preliminary phytochemical screening such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein and amino acids, glycoside, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. The results evaluate and justify the traditional relevance of Abrus precatorius Linn leaves ethanol extract for free radical scavenging potential as a antioxidant and can be used as a lead for the isolation of the antioxidant bioactive chemical constituents in further study.

Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical screening reported various bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract of Abrus precatorius Linn leaves and identified by GC-MS. The extract exhibited greater free radical scavenging activity i.e. antioxidant potential. The presence of various bioactive phytocompounds justifies the therapeutic use of the Abrus precatorius Linn plant leaves for various ailments by traditional practitioners.
Synthesis and Biological Profiles of Some Benzimidazolyl-chalcones as Anti-leishmanial and Trypanocidal Agents
Authors: N'Guessan D. U. J-P. , Kablan L. A. C. , Kacou A. , Bories C. , Coulibaly S. , Sissouma D. , Loiseau P. M. , Ouattara M.
Published: October 2021

Background: Benzimidazole constitutes a starting point for the development of new antiprotozoal agents since this nucleus exists in several pharmacologically significant molecules, in particular possessing antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic properties.

Objective: The present study aimed to identify a molecular hit likely to be developed as an anti-leishmanial and antitrypanosomal drug candidate.

Methods: Thus, 12 hybrids of chalcone or benzimidazolyl-arylpropenones were synthesized and screened in vitro for anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani. The microculture tetrazolium assay was used to determine their potential to inhibit 50% of a parasite growth (IC50).

Results: Two compounds among 5-chlorobenzimidazole-chalcones (4a and 4c), which exhibited potent activity (IC50<1 μM) against L. donovani and one derivative (4d) poorly effective against L. donovani (IC50>50 μM) were selected to check their trypanocidal activity. Lethal concentration (LC100) values of these compounds were estimated by using observations on the viability of trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in MEM medium with Earle’s salts and L-glutamine. Seven of the tested compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4e, 4g, 4h, and 4j) showed particularly higher inhibitory activity than pentamidine (IC50= 7.6 μM) against L. donovani promastigotes with IC50 values in a range from 0.5 to 1.8 μM. In addition, the 2’-chlorine derivative (4c), displayed potent anti-trypanosomal activity comparable to those of melarsoprol, used as reference drug.

Conclusion: These results support this series of benzimidazole holding arylpropenone group in position 2 as a starting point for future optimization to get novel agents active against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis.
Comparative Study of Compliance and Factors Affecting Compliance among Commonly Used Drugs in Deep Vein Thrombosis Patients
Authors: Ali Sajid , Mal Kheraj , Ram Jaghat , Malik Rukhsana , Abbassi Muhammad Aslam , Shah Qararo , Sahrish Ufn
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The objective of current research was to identify the compliance of antithrombotic drug (heparin, warfarin and Rivaroxaban) and factors of non-compliance associated with heparin, warfarin and rivaroxaban.

Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on patients suffering from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) at government teaching hospital of Larkana. 348 DVT patients were selected by using online sample calculator software. Data was collected by using pre validated questionnaire after taking patient consent; finally the data was analyzed with statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 25.

Results: The compliance with rivaroxaban was present in 103 (80.5%) patients followed by heparin drug compliance in 95 (74.2%) DVT patients and warfarin drug compliance in 98 (76.6%) DVT patients. Non-compliance factors with rivaroxaban were; cost in 4 (16.0%) patients, polypharmacy in 6 (24.0%) patients, side effects in 4 (16.0%) patients and prolong therapy in 11 (44.0%) patients. Non-compliance factors with heparin were; monitoring in 13 (39.4%) patients, diet restriction in 6 (18.2%) patients, injectable in 10 (30.3%) patients and ADR in 4 (12.1%) patients. Non-compliance factors with warfarin were; cost in 4 (13.3%) patients, polypharmacy in 8 (26.7%) patients, prolong therapy in 5 (16.7%) patients and ADR in 13 (43.3%) patients. 

Conclusion: This study concludes that rate of drug compliance was high in patients of DVT with rivaroxaban followed by warfarin and heparin, whereas long duration of therapy, polypharmacy, side effects of therapy, cost of therapy, continuous monitoring, injectables, diet restrictions and ADRs of therapy were the most commonly reported factors of non-compliance.