bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical case of a patient with subungual melanoma
Authors: Pavlov Yu. I. , Volkov V. V. , Gromov I. A. , Kholopov A. A.
Published: January 2021

Subungual melanoma is a rare malignant tumor, little known to practitioners. Its location makes diagnosis difficult and requires differentiation with conditions such as onychomycosis, panaritium, hematoma, etc. Unsymptomatic onset brings more problems, the error level during visual examination even among experienced oncologists reaches 25–40%, and the average life expectancy of patients with fully manifested melanoma is limited to 3–4 years.

So we present a clinical case to emphasize the need for oncological alertness during an outpatient examination of the subungual lesions. A 32-year-old woman came to the reception complaining of a non-healing bleeding, relatively painless wound of the left little toe. The condition was associated with trauma, for about a month she treated the wound herself, “cauterizing” it with antiseptics.

After outpatient treatment of a granulating wound, the material was sent for histological diagnosis, which showed the presence of pigmentless melanoma in the stage of active growth. The woman was urgently hospitalized in the oncology department, where 5th finger exarticulation and inguinal-iliac lymphadenectomy were performed successfully. After this, the condition remained stable, but 14 months later there was a formation in the area of the postoperative scar. A study of a new surgical material confirmed the recurrence of malignant melanoma with Clark invasion level 2.

In our opinion, outpatient surgeons should not delay histological examination for all ulcerative and granulomatous lesions of the feet, which will improve the differential diagnosis.
Excisional biopsy of a dysplastic nevus in a district polyclinic is a path to early detection of skin melanoma
Authors: Artemeva N. G. , Romanova O. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Russia has a high mortality rate of cutaneous melanoma – 2.5 per 100,000 population whereas the incidence rate is 7.7 per 100,000 population, i.e. one in every three patients dies. In the foreign countries (the USA, Australia), melanoma mortality rate is 10-15%. Such high rates are explained by the fact that patients with early-stage disease do not seek medical advice, as in early stages a tumour does not cause inconvenience to a patient and looks like an ordinary mole.

The purpose of the study was to confirm the advisability of removing a progressive dysplastic nevus (grade 3 lentiginous melanocytic dysplasia) with a view to prevent and make early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma.

Materials and methods. The authors removed 180 pigmented lesions that were clinically diagnosed as a progressive dysplastic nevus in the Surgery Department of Central Polyclinic of Literary Fund from 2009 to March 2020. The patients were referred to the Surgery Department by physicians, dermatologists and other specialists of the polyclinic. Following an oncologist consultation, excisional biopsy of a nevus was performed under local anesthesia.

Results. Histological examination revealed 29 (16%) dysplastic nevi with grade 3 LMD and 18 (10%) early-stage melanomas.

Conclusions. If excisional biopsy of a dysplastic nevus becomes routine in Ambulatory Surgery practice, it will increase the early diagnosis of melanoma and significantly reduce mortality rates of this disease. For excisional biopsy, the authors recommend to excise at a distance of 0.5 to 1.0 cm from the lesion boundaries, since it is not possible to clinically distinguish a progressive dysplastic nevus from early melanoma.
Hemorrhoids and quality of life: “… two things incompatible”?
Authors: Abritsova M. V. , Bogomazov A. M. , Golovko E. B. , Zagriadskii E. A.
Published: January 2021

Hemorrhoids is one of the most common diseases in human. According to the latest data for 2017, the prevalence rates of hemorrhoids per 100 000 population in Russia are 410,3 in adults, 26.7 in children aged 15 to 17 years and 4,0 in children under 14 years old. Quality of life (QoL) is an important non-specific subjective parameter of well-being, representing an integrative characteristic of the physical, psychological, social and emotional status of the patient. Despite the high prevalence of hemorrhoids and the variety of modern methods of surgical treatment, there are very few studies addressing the QoL in this category of patients. There are significant differences between the patient and the Coloproctologist in the perception of HD, which, possibly, can lead to the hypertrophy of indications for surgical treatment. Understanding the effect of HD on social life and the concept of the well-being of a particular patient can help the doctor choose between conservative and surgical approaches in the treatment of hemorrhoids. On the other hand, due to the excessive shyness and mentality in our country, patients with HD tend to adapt to their disease, which leads to later seeking medical help and suboptimal efficacy of conservative therapy and minimally invasive surgical methods.

This review presents the first Russian multicenter observational program EQUALISER (impact of different trEatment modalities on QUAlity of life of the patientS with acute and chronic hEmorRhoid disease) aimed at assessing the QoL of patients with HD, as well as the effect of the treatment method and types of surgical treatment on the social adaptation of the population.
The use of herbal preparations as topical therapy during pre- and post-surgery in patients with 3–4 grade hemorrhoids
Authors: Vasiliev S. V. , Nedozimovanii A. I. , Popov D. E. , Vasiliev A. S. , Gor I. V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The market presents a huge amount of topical preparations, which manage the clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic disease, and there is also no shortage of means that affect post-operative pain. However, there is no single consensus of patient management in the preoperative period, and there is no generally recognized protocol for the treatment of pain after hemorrhoidectomy.

Aim. To determine the effectiveness of using Fleming’s ointment during pre- and post-surgery in patients with 3–4 grade hemorrhoids.

Material and methods. 85 patients with a diagnosis of hemorrhoids III–IV grade were divided into 2 groups. The Milligan-Morgan’s hemorrhoidectomy using standard electrocoagulation methods under intravenous anesthesia was performed in all patients. Fleming ointment was used as a topical agent for 2–3 weeks before the operation and for 2.5 weeks after the operation in Group A (43 patients). In group B (42 patients), depending on the prevalence of symptoms, suppositories with phenylephrine, lidocaine, local, hormonal ointments were used, also Liniment Levomekol was used as a local therapy after surgery in the group B. The results were evaluated according to the following criteria: Pain level, symptoms’ degree of the disease against the background of the use of local agents was evaluated by VAS. The multiplicity of the introduction of NSAIDs in 2 groups was considered. The adequacy of the wound healing correlated with the duration of maintaining inflammation in the wound, we also considered the daystay and days of disability.

Results. Pain level according to VAS on the 1, 3, 7, 12 days after surgery in patients from group A is 0,6 points lower than in patients from group B. The average number of NSAIDs intake in the postoperative period in Group A was 1,4 times less than in Group B. There was no significant difference in wound reaction, day-stay and days of disability. The symptoms of hemorrhoids, estimated by VASh, were significantly less pronounced in patients who used Fleming ointment (see table 0)

Conclusions. Fleming ointment can be recommended as an adequate topical agent in the perioperative management of patients with 3–4 grade hemorrhoids.
Botulinum toxin type A injections for treatment of chronic anal fissures
Authors: Abritsova M. V. , Torchua N. R.
Published: January 2021

An anal fissure is one of the most common diseases of the anal canal with the incident rate of 20–23 cases per 1000 citizens. Most of acute anal fissures are healed spontaneously but a few of them can become chronic process. Chronic anal fissures are characterized by any two of the criteria: pain after defecation lasts longer than 3 months, sentinel pile is present, fibers of internal sphincter at the base of the anoderm.

The spasm of the internal sphincter is a guiding pathogenetic mechanism in the development of chronic anal fissures. It leads to circulatory disorder in the anoderm and non-healing wounds. Therefore, the treatment of anal fissures primarily must be focus on eliminating of internal sphincter spasms and then excising of fissures.

Recently, botulinum toxin type A injection in treatment of chronic anal fissures has become popular as a noninvasive method of eliminating internal sphincter spasms.

Botulinum toxin as a medical agent has been studied since the late 1960s. Botulinum toxin type A has been used to treat of various pathologies including coloproctology diseases for more than 40 years.

The botulinum toxin injections make the internal sphincter relax, and as a result create optimal conditions for healing chronic anal fissures.

Using of botulinum toxin type A does not cause dangerous complication. Fecal incontinence after using botulinum toxin is transitory.

The review describes the use of botulinum toxin type A injections to treat chronic anal fissures.
Risks Of Sharia Commercial Bank In Indonesia: Analysis Of Internal And External Factors
Authors: Aufa Erlinda Kurnia , Dja'akum Cita Sary
Published: January 2021

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, gross domestic product (GDP), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and financing to deposit ratio (FDR) to non performing financing (NPF) at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia.

Method - The research approach used is a quantitative approach. Determination of samples is done by purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary data, obtained from publication reports on the official website of each Sharia Commercial Bank, Bank Indonesia, and the Central Statistics Agency. The population in this study were all Islamic Commercial Banks registered in the Statistics of Islamic Banking in Indonesia for the period 2013-2017. Based on the specified criteria, five Sharia Commercial Banks were obtained as research samples. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the Fixed Effects Model approach which is processed through the Eviews 10 program.

Result - The results of hypothesis testing show that partially Inflation has a positive but not significant effect on NPF, GDP has a significant negative effect on NPF, CAR has a negative but not significant effect on NPF, and FDR has a significant negative effect on NPF. Simultaneously inflation, GDP, CAR, and FDR have a significant effect on NPF.

Implication - This study uses all data from commercial Islamic bank.
Originality - This study analyzes the determining factors that influence financing risks from both internal and external factors.
The Role Of Intellectual Capital In Modernizing The Influence Of Good Corporate Governance And Sharia Compliance Of Sharia Banks
Authors: Azizah Iva Nur , Senjani Yayu Putri
Published: January 2021

Purpose - Improved financial performance of Islamic banks can be done by improving the system of corporate governance and sharia compliance. In addition to a good corporate governance system and sharia compliance, other factors such as intellectual capital in sharia banks can also improve financial performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of intellectual capital in moderating the effect of good corporate governance and sharia compliance on financial performance of sharia banks in 2013-2017.

Method - Sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The analytical technique used is panel data regression test with software Eviews 9.

Result - It is found that good corporate governance and Islamic Income Ratio have an effect on the financial performance of sharia banks which is poxied by return on assets. Besides that, intellectual capital modernizesgood corporate governance and Islamic Income Ratio on the financial performance of sharia banks, but it does not modernize sharia compliance which is proxied with Profit Sharing Ratio (PSR) and Zakat Performing Ratio (ZPR).

Implication - This study uses the data from 14 islamic commercial banks in Indonesia.

Originality - The papers look into the role of intellectual capital variables in the relationship of good corporate governance and sharia compliance to the financial performance.
The Analysis Of Musyarakah Contract Sharing System Implementationin BPRS Saka Dana Mulia Kudus
Authors: Huda Nur , Fajri Fitri
Published: January 2021

Purpose - This research aims to know how the implementation of revenue sharing system to Musyarakah finance and to know the Conformity between the implementation done with Fatwa DSN No.08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000.

Method - The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a type of case study research.

Result - The results showed that a). the implementation of revenue sharing system to Musyarakah finance in BPRS Saka Dana Mulia uses projections or estimates between 1,75% - 2,5% multiplied by the bank's capital. This revenue sharing system has been determined at the beginning of the nominal magnitude of the result for which the customer must be deposited every month. But the bank continues to see the customer's business, when the customer's business suffered losses that are not caused by human error then the bank and the customer will renrenegotiate regarding the outcome.b). The implementation of Musyarakah finance to PT. BPRS Saka Dana Mulia which has been adjusted to Fatwa DSN No.08/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 located at the statement of ijab qabul, contract object (capital, work, andloss), Operational costs and disputes. While that is still not appropriate, that is in the part of the object contract about the profit.

Implication - This research is only researching in PT. BPRS Saka Dana Mulia Kudus.

Originality - there are differences in the division of sharing system between theories and practices implemented in BPRS Saka Dana Mulia. 
Respons Of Islamic Stock Markets To Monetary Policy Empirical Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Rasyidin Muhammad , Sulong Zunaidah
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose - The impact of stock market and capital formation on economic growth in Indonesia for the period of January 2015 – May 2019. This paper examines a long-run equilibrium relation between stock market, capital formation and economic growth and other control variables.

Method - This study uses autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model.

Result - Findings revealed that none of the models was stationary at level but were all stationary at first difference. There is not a short run significant relationship between stock market, capital formation and economic growth in Indonesia. In the long run, capital formation has a significant positive association on economic growth and a negative non-significant relationship between stock market and economic growth in Indonesia.

Implication - This research is useful to know the response of Sharia market to monetary policy instruments in Indonesia so that the Sharia stock market strategy is potentially developing in the future to encourage the achievement of characteristics such as An alternative source of financing and investment for economic actors and able to facilitate risk mitigation needs for market participants and able to drive the efficiency of transactions in the market through the improvement of the quality of stock market infrastructure Sharia.  

Originality - The update of this research is response of Sharia stock market response to monetary policy instruments in Indonesia that are researched using ARDL models.
Comparison of Cycle Outcomes Among Women with Endometrioma or Non-Functional Cysts Versus Control
Authors: Ozkaya Enis , Cogendez Ebru , Tozkir Elif , Unsal Saadet , Yavuz Ahmet , Tunali Gulden , Uzun Ozgur , Ergen Evrim Bostancı , Eser Semra Kayatas
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare cycle outcomes among women with endometrioma or non-functional cysts versus control.
STUDY DESIGN: Women under 35 years of age with unexplained infertility underwent in vitro fertilization cycle. Two hundred and ninety-nine women were included in this study. Study groups consist of women with endometrioma (n=82) or non-functional ovarian cysts (n=100) and control group (n=117). Women in each group were selected consecutively. Groups were matched for age and ovarian reserve and compared in terms of in vitro fertilization cycle outcome.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences among groups in terms of mean age, early follicular phase Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and anti-müllerian hormone levels (p>0.05). Baseline total antral follicle counts were similar among groups (p>0.05). There were significant differences among groups in terms of mean starting and total gonadotropin dose, peak estradiol level, total oocyte number, and mature oocyte numbers (p<0.05). Clinical pregnancy rates were 10.7%, 17.3%, and 31.6% in groups with non-functional cyst, endometrioma and control group respectively (p<0.05). The presence of a non-functional cystic mass of ovary on the starting day of stimulation was a risk factor for poor cycle outcome in terms of clinical pregnancy rates [OR=0.5 (95 % CI; 0.2-0.9, p=0.03)].
CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the presence of any kind of cystic mass of the ovary especially the non-functional cysts on the starting day of stimulation was a risk factor for poor cycle outcomes in terms of clinical pregnancy rates.
Ekologia rodziny w kontekście współczesnego społeczeństwa
Authors: Bołoz Wojciech
Published: January 2021

The family is a basic and solid part of a social structure, but it is always set in historical and cultural contexts, therefore over the centuries the family has been undergoing constant evolution: the form of the family and its functions change. In post-modern societies family standards are being more frequently abandoned in favour of so called “post-family” family which takes form of cohabitation and alternative ways of living: living alone, mono parentalship and homosexual partnerships.

Cohabitation means living together without a formal base. It is undertaken in order to ease a life together, facilitate economic functions of the partnership, accommodate lasting sexual relationship and bring up children. Cohabitation has an open structure, all can be discussed and depends on its members’ will. It doesn’t determine the sex or the number of its member, doesn’t require living together or having children, although it is not exclusive.

The factors that lead to the abandonment of a traditional model of the family are: change of the women’s position in the social structure, equal rights, economic independence, separating sexual activity from reproduction, the impact of women movements and diminished meaning of the purpose of a marriage - reproduction. “Freedom from a child” allows to make a better use of time for self fulfilment. All these factors lead to individualization of life, the process of individualization changes the members of the society into self efficient atoms, individuals who reject social life and its limits and only look after themselves, focus on their own development and destiny though many can’t tackle the situation and lose.

Ecology of the family, which is understood as the context for human development, comes with help to individuals lost in the era of the individualization of life. A known Werner- Wilson’s concept of ecology of the family includes inner- family relationships, relationships with other families, with a broader socio- cultural environment and natural environment- organic and non organic, in which the long lasting and dynamic process of human development occurs.
Charakterystyka stresu ekologicznego i różnice indywidualne w radzeniu sobie z nim na przykładzie osób przebywających w więzieniu
Authors: Terelak Jan F. , Steckiewicz Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

The paper is empirical in character and concerns people’s individual conditions of dealing with ecological stress involving permanent limits personal freedom. According to literature data, it is assumed the one should expect relatively stable individual differences in dealing with so defined extreme ecological stress. Different styles of dealing with stress in certain situations for a human are pointed out as well as their individual conditions, which can be useful in the creation of a personality conception of social support in the procesess of coping stress and resocialisation.
Kontrowersje wokół powstania człowieka - wstępna analiza ankiet studentów
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek , Bugajak Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of the research which was carried out as a part of the project: Current controversies about human origins. Between anthropology and the Bible, this project was focused on the supposed conflict between natural sciences and theology (or religious beliefs) with regard to the origin of man. The research was aimed at finding out whether such a conflict really exits. For we cannot exclude the possibility that these controversies have no factual ground and their significance is inflated by American popular literature. If, on the other hand, we assume that the conflict is real, it should be worthwhile examining its sources. Such an approach may prove helpful in systematize the highly emotional debates about the origin of man. One of the ways of tackling the issue was a questionnaire which was distributed among students, teachers and university professors. Our respondents represented three disciplines: theology, philosophy and natural sciences, t t e paper presents selected results of the questionnaire which was addressed to a group of students, they were asked to fill in the form consisting of eleven questions, these questions concerned the following issues: the existence of the conflict between evolutionism and creationism, the definitions of creation and evolution, the existence of the spiritual element in man, and the ways of interpreting the Bible (esp. the first chapters of the Book of Genesis).
Ewolucja poglądów Juliana Haynesa Stewarda na temat ekologii kulturowej
Authors: Sadowski Ryszard F.
Published: January 2021

Julian H. Steward is the author of anthropological approach called cultural ecology. Steward had been working on the concept for about forty years and used that approach in both his theoretical and field works, the version of cultural ecology presented in his most famous work Theory of Culture Change (1955) is significantly different than the form of the approach published in 1968. The goal of this essay is to present evolution in Steward’s understanding of cultural ecology, and to show the differences between the two main versions of the approach, the main difference between them is the disaperence of cultural core and three procedures - ideas which were the basis of the earlier form of cultural ecology. Changes in Steward’s approach caused problems for his other concept, especially for multilinear evolution of culture and the concept of types of culture.
Exposure to particulate matter and cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Nowicka Grażyna
Published: January 2021

Epidemiological studies clearly indicate that both long- and short-term exposure to several environmental air pollutants cause significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, the observed strong relation between particulate matter air level and cardiovascular diseases may be explained by indirect or direct influence of these particles on different biological processes involved in disease development. Improvement of air quality standards and lowering of particulate matter exposure can significantly diminish cardiovascular disease risk and improve public health status.
Antropogeneza i jej związek z ewolucją wszechświata w teilhardyzmie
Authors: Baczewski Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with the connection between the origin of the human race and the evolving universe in the works of Teilhard de Chardin, the French thinker analysed this problem from different points of view: scientific, philosophical and theological, showing its different aspects.The results of his reflections on this topic form a system of thought in which Teilhard tried to explain the mystery of man and the universe, the main concept of this system is the evolution of the whole universe from a material into a spiritual reality. Part of this cosmic evolutionary process is also the origin of the human race (considered by Teilhard as a species of living creatures and only accidentally as individual human beings). Creation of the world and man according to Teilhard is also a continual process in which God uses the natural law of evolution. Man is the best part and the summit of this cosmic process, the human race has been craeted by God as one philum (monophiletism) and not as a couple (Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden) or many phila (poliphiletism). While creating human souls, God also uses the material elements of the world, sublimating them into spirit, these opinions created many problems for the Catholic Church and were not accepted. Teilhardian analyses of the future of the universe and mankind are very interesting and inspiring and have been used by many modern thinkers. Teilhard wrote about one global society united by science and technology (globalisation). In the future people will also form one sphere of human spirit, the sphere of common information (noosphere). Eschatologically, the whole universe along with the human race will be united with God as the mover and final cause of the cosmic evolution (its point Alpha and Omega).The end of the history of all created reality will be the transformation into spiritual reality of the Cosmic Christ, thus anthropogenesis will be fulfilled in cosmogenesis and finally in Christogenesis.
Odpowiedzialność człowieka za przyrodę w perspektywie kryzysu ekologicznego
Authors: Kuzior Aleksandra
Published: January 2021

The article takes up the issues connected to the ecological crisis, causes of which refer to uncontrolled scientifically-technical development, predatory administration of the natural sources of Earth and disrespect of the nature, following from the anthropocentric axiology, the analysis of the Stockholm’s Declaration, the Declaration from Rio and the declaration from Johannesburg, as documents forming the idea of the sustainable development, active that care and respect of nature and preventing degratation of natural environment make a basis of the agricultural and social development and the only rational way to get out of the ecological crisis without radical reduction the quality of human’s life. In discussed declarations they point out the individual, collective and institutional responsibility. It’s set up that the basis of the responsibility figured out like that - for the other human, for present and future generations, for the nature, for the global human’s society, for other communities of alive creatures, for the planet - should be ecophilosophy and systematic sozology. Basing on this two sciences we can make a socio-economical and ecological order indicated in the sustainable development conception.
Użyteczność teorii Jonasa w rozstrzyganiu konkretnych problemów ekologicznych?
Authors: Chudzik Joanna
Published: January 2021

The following article attempts to answer the question if it is possible to find criteria enabling to solve the ethical-political dilemmas such as the one of Rospudy Valley on the grounds of Jonas ethical theory, the answer to this question is reconsidered in the context of Jonas philosophical project which is the establishment of ethics for life in the ontology of organic being. On the grounds of metaphysics, Jonas justifies the constitutive link between consciousness with being and the absolute good in affirmation of the importance of existence over non-existence. Jonas shows both the continuity and special discontinuity of the human being within the domain of the livings However, he is not able to support his argument that the human being is the primary object of responsibility being ahead of other forms of organic life.

Jonas ethical theory ought to include the specification of moral principles that will be useful for clarifying the matters that must be preserved and defended.
Wkład Hansa Jonasa w filozofię odpowiedzialności
Authors: Dzwonkowska Dominika
Published: January 2021

Article presents the concept of responsibility in Hans Jonas’s philosophy. Biocentric character of his ethics gives it new outlook to the phenomenon of responsibility. It seems that mankind cannot anymore afford ignoring environmental problems. And Jonas’s imperative of responsibility is the answer to the ecological crisis. It is based on Kant’s imperative, but new imperative goes beyond anthropocentric ethics to biocentric ethics. It aimed at preserving all forms of life, life in its rich diversity. Its basic motivation is fear of progressing destruction of nature, this fear, when dosed properly by politicians, leads to undertaking actions aiming at preserving nature from man’s activity. It seems that taking responsibility for nature may be way to preserve it.
Czy embrion jest osobą? Spór o sztuczne zapłodnienie we Włoszech
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: January 2021

The public dispute about the methods of artificial reproduction has been led in Italy for many years, the most significant principle of the legislation from the year 2004 is the recognition of the human embryo as the human being from the very moment of the conception, the law in Italy forbids, among others, producing human embryos for scientific purposes, freezing and destroying human beings, using the methods of heterological artificial reproduction, the opponents of such legal regulations evoked the nationwide referendum in 2005 which - because of too poor turnout - did not manage to repeal the operative legislation.
The Idea of Theocentrism in The Catholic Environmental Ethics
Authors: Ciszek Mariusz
Published: January 2021

W artykule tym starałem się przedstawić zarys autorskiej koncepcji katolickiej wersji etyki środowiskowej w paradygmacie teocentrycznym. Uważam przy tym, że ekoetyka uprawiana w tym modelu, może okazać się swoistą trzecią drogą pozwalającą na uniknięcie kontrowersji jakie stały się udziałem antagonistycznych względem siebie obozów zwolenników biocentryzmu i antropocentryzmu. Uznałem więc, iż stanowi ona efektywny sposób uprawiania etyki ekologicznej.W dużym skrócie teocentryczna odmiana etyki środowiskowej nakazuje rozpatrywać wszelkie relacje między działaniami moralnymi człowieka a przyrodą, w odniesieniu do Boga, jako Stwórcy przyrody i kosmosu. Przyroda posiada wartość ze względu na Boga - stanowiącego summum bonum w chrześcijańskiej etyce - który ją stworzył i nadal utrzymuje w istnieniu. Wartością autoteliczną w mojej koncepcji etyki środowiska naturalnego jest człowiek, aczkolwiek ta szczególna pozycja nie zwalnia go z odpowiedzialności za los środowiska. Człowiek jako istota wyjątkowa powinien pełnić rolę dobrego strażnika, gospodarza i opiekuna świata przyrody, którą otrzymał w darze od Stwórcy. Natomiast niszcząc przyrodę sprzeciwia się Bogu, a więc grzeszy i czyni zło.Na podstawie moich rozważań ostatecznie przyjmuję, iż człowiek jako byt stanowiący „koronę stworzenia”, jest szczególnie odpowiedzialny za cały otaczający go świat przyrody, któremu należy się szacunek, gdyż jest on darem Stwórcy dla człowieka i powinien zostać zachowany jako dziedzictwo dla przyszłych pokoleń, naturalnie przy współudziale edukacji.
Kwestia ochrony życia ludzkiego - czyli konieczność uznania miłości do człowieka za podstawę szacunku do naturalnego środowiska
Authors: Biały Stanisław
Published: January 2021

The point of departure for the reflections in this article was the premise that the ecological crisis is the result not only of the degradation of nature, but also comes from the destruction of that environment, which is the spirituality of modern man. the point is that the more and more intensive use of the biosphere causes many unfavorable chemical and biological changes in the natural environment, which not only have their source in the way of thought and acting of man, but also have their effects on these.

Because of this, the author comes to the conclusions that among the fundamental tasks that are before the world of today, one must also include the equiping of man with an ecological knowledge (that is: with a determined set of information connected in a causal-consecutive system on the subject of the functioning of the natural environment and the dependences between it and civilization), but above all: with a system of values and their normative equivalents. Only in such a manner can people be instilled with an adequate attitude, understood as a developed feeling of a link with the world of nature and its parts. We speak here of the readiness for its defense, manifested in concrete actions.

Thus , an essential role of such a scientific discipline as environmental ethics shall be giving people the proper catalog of values and norms, which could properly form their motivations, attitudes and behavior as regards the natural environment, which at the end we call the relation of man to himself.
„Akwakultura" i nowe problemy ochrony środowiska morskiego - z międzynarodowej perspektywy
Authors: Łukaszuk Leonard
Published: January 2021

The author shows in his work the analysis of five basic concepts from the range of hydrosphere in the context of historical and contemporary researches. Above all, the analysises concern the international law files, European Union, Poland and basic aspects of sea environmental protection: ecological aspect, economical aspect and law aspect.
Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (for instance Poland and Lithuania)
Authors: Adamczyk Beata
Published: January 2021

Cultural and social cooperation among nations lived in East and Central Europe has been sprung up over many centuries. In the 20th century, the nations of the part of Europe were subjected to an attempt to standardize their national cultures by means of introducing the socialist realistic culture. At present the message of cultural cooperation is social and cultural integration. Relations between Poland and Lithuania can be an example for development of cooperation among the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe on the state and regional levels, as well as example for educational institutions and economic associations, the connected relations may become germs of cooperation and good-neighbourly relationship as well as in the perspective of social development of the region among the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea.
Zanieczyszczenie wybranych próbek stałych węglowodorami aromatycznymi przy trasach wylotowych z miasta Olecko
Authors: Chrząścik Ireneusz , Szymalska Magdalena , Kluska Mariusz
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the results of research conducted on some samples with soil and cabbage taken from the vicinity of Olecko town (Suwałki, Gołdapia, Ełk, Giżycko) and containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 16 aromatic rings, the research is a continuation of a detailed monitoring of progressing pollution in the Olecko region, the samples were taken in August 2006 from the place situated 10 m from a road, this place was at the same time a cabbage plantation, the highest concentration of PAHs (750 pg/kg s. m.) was found in the sample taken close to the road from Olecko to Suwałki and in the sample with cabbage (313 pg/kg s. m.) taken near the road to Gołdapia. The lowest concentration of PAHs was stated in the samples taken in the vicinity of the road to Giżycko, the results don’t overpass the limits permitted in Poland but, unfortunately, are close to the upper limit of natural concentration defined by scientific literature.
The essence and metatheoretical problems of "ecological attitudes"
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

Problemy związane z postawami ekologicznymi naszego społeczeństwa nie są nowe. Problematyką tą dotychczas zajmowały się niezależne ośrodki naukowo-badawcze w kraju, jak również niektórzy niezależni naukowcy. Jest to problematyka trudna, niechętnie podejmowana przez badaczy ze względu na swój bardzo interdyscyplinarny charakter. Ta interdyscyplinarność z jednej strony jest jej siłą poznawczą, z drugiej zaś silnie ją hamująca. Spowodowane jest to daleko idącą ogólnością sformułowań, odmiennym naukowym warsztatem badań, stosowaną terminologią oraz celami dla jakich powstają te badania. Autor w swoim artykule stara się ponownie podejść do epistemologii postaw proekologicznych, jak i samej ich metodologii badań.
Kształtowanie świadomości ekologicznej mieszkańców wsi poprzez działalność informacyjną lokalnych władz i instytucji
Authors: Stoczkowska Renata , Obrębska Maria , Kowalski Ryszard
Published: January 2021

Access to information about the state of environment and action taken by local government on its behalf is an important element influencing participation of citizens of rural areas.The aim of this research was to check if the local government of the chosen communes of East Mazowsze makes it possible for the citizens to gain access to information using the internet. 58 internet sites of the chosen communes of East Mazowsze were analysed, the research showed big differences in the use of internet as to the contents and technical abilities of said communes, they do not fully utilize the possibility to publish information on the internet and with that the ability to communicate with the others.
Problemy przyrodniczej edukacji holistycznej w świetle idei zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

In the article, the author is trying to find quintessential causes for the said errors, the article touches on the difficult problematic issues from the borderline of various areas of study relating to learning about the environment, the primary concept of the author is the attempt to undertake a holistic approach to the problem of natural science education. M s approach is to guarantee a better understanding of the environment. It is also to impact the launch of a new quality of its management and solve the growing number of critical situations in the environment and by the same, the proper shaping and implementation of the sustainable environment concept. In his presentation, the author backs his arguments with well known views of the following philosophers: Forbes, Smuts, Tansley, Haeckel, Birge as well as with theories from the borderline of ecology and philosophy such as: the development theory, integration levels and synergism.
Edukacyjna funkcja gospodarstw agroturystycznych na przykładzie regionu siedleckiego
Authors: Kowalski Ryszard , Stoczkowska Renata , Obrębska Maria , Marciszewska Urszula
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research was to evaluate the educational offers of agrotourist farms in the Siedlce region, the research was conducted on the grounds of interviews with the farm owners and information provided by Mazowiecki Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolnieczego “Mazowsze - agrotourism 2005/2006”.The results confirm the assumption that agrotourist farms carry on an informal environmental education for their customers, but there are possibilities for improvement of this educational activity, the farm owners need appropriate preparation to fulfill the role of guides and teachers.
Problems in the theory of scientific cognition of nature in the light of the sustainable growth concept
Authors: Sandner Jan
Published: January 2021

Autor w artykule pt. „Problemy teorii naukowego poznania przyrody w świetle idei zrównoważonego rozwoju”, podjął rozważania nad problematyką w zakresie obowiązujących w nauce teorii naukowego poznania przyrody i ich roli w budowaniu podstaw naukowych idei zrównoważonego rozwoju. Jako punkt wyjścia w swoich rozważaniach oparł na zasadzie brzytwy Ockhama, która po raz pierwszy została sformułowana przez angielskiego średniowiecznego teologa Williama Ockhama. Zasada ta w swojej strukturze, nie tylko definiowała potrzebę zmniejszenia opisywanych bytów w postaci praw przyrody, ale również sugerowała, możliwość łączenia tych praw, lub scalania w tzw. prawa uniwersalne. Inną niezwykle ważną zasadą, która została poruszona w artykule jest zasada testowalności. Powszechnie przyjętą regułą, określającą granice nauki jest wspomniana zasada testowalności teorii naukowych przez empirię. Idea zrównoważonego rozwoju w swojej istocie, stała się pewną teorią naukową, odnoszącą się do zdefiniowanego, a priori przyszłego obrazu środowiska przyrodniczego. Idea ta, obudowana została wieloma „teoriami naukowymi”, które z punktu widzenia celu, jaki mają spełniać są jednak z góry sprzeczne z empirią, dlatego też nie mogą służyć, jako wiarygodny materiał naukowy.W wyjaśnianiu problemów teorii naukowego poznania przyrody w świetle idei zrównoważonego rozwoju autor posłużył się zasadą uniformitarianizmu, bardziej znaną pod hasłem aktualizmu geologicznego, która stała się prawdopodobnie jedną z podstaw w interpretacji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju. Tworzenie podstaw naukowych dla idei zrównoważonego rozwoju, oparło się więc częściowo na predykcji, czyli przewidywaniu przyszłego stanu środowiska przyrodniczego, wnioskując na podstawie znajomości jego obecnego stanu i rządzących jego przekształceniami praw. Rozwiązanie to z naukowego punktu widzenia, okazuje się jednak również w pewnym sensie ułomne i w wielu przypadkach po prostu się nie sprawdza. Ułomność tego rozwiązania polega po prostu na tym, że nie zawsze, można przewidzieć przyszłe zmiany środowiska przyrodniczego. Tak jak z tych samych przyczyn, nie można dzisiaj również przewidzieć dalszego przebiegu ewolucji na Ziemi. Ilość procesów, systemów i nieprzewidywalnych interakcji środowiskowych, daje nam raczej dość iluzoryczne wrażenie w zakresie budowania teorii naukowych, tym razem testowanych w oparciu o retrodykcję, czy inaczej postdykcję.Nie ma, możliwości dalszego rozwijania idei zrównoważonego rozwoju, bez prowadzenia równoległych badań naukowych w zakresie poznawania praw jakimi rządzi się środowisko. Badania te muszą mieć, nie tylko charakter badań holistycznych, tak aby spełniać potrzeby idei zrównoważonego rozwoju, ale również powinny opierać się na podstawowych zasadach nauki, tzn. empirii oraz „brzytwie Ockhama”. Nie zastosowanie się do tych wymogów spowoduje, że idee zrównoważonego rozwoju, pozostaną jedynie w sferze społeczno-politycznych dywagacji, stanowiąc w najlepszym przypadku, wygodne narzędzie wykorzystywane wyłącznie przez polityków.
Ekologia w przypowieściach Jezusa
Authors: Najda Andrzej Jacek
Published: January 2021

Jesus during His public ministry concentrated Himself above all on teaching. He often made use of parables, in which He used a variety of motifs and presentations from the field of ecology, in order to be properly understood by His listeners. Making use of ecological images Jesus describes the beginning, development and reality of the Kingdom of God, He speaks about the time already begun of salvation and God’s reign, about God’s goodness and mercy, about the situation of His disciples in the world. He also calls for repentance and for the bearing of good fruit.
Rola uniwersytetów ludowych w ekologicznej edukacji młodzieży wiejskiej
Authors: Aptacy Janusz
Published: January 2021

This article concerns widely perceived ecological education being provided among country youth by People’s Universities, their homeland is Denmark and M. F. S. Grundvig is concerned to be their father. He observed English educational system and the way of education with the usage of boarding schools and then he transmitted it to Denmark, where at the end of the 18th c. and at the beginning of the 19th century the role of peasants, who reached for power and had their own farms, increased, therefore, there was a necessity to create an integrated educational system for those people. Thiss way of educating was then carried to Poland by Ignacy Solarz and his wife Zofia Solarzowa - that took place in the mid-20th century. A special tribute of these educational institutions was reaching those country groups of people who were hungry for knowledge and social advance. People’s Universities had and have ecological education established in their educational programme. However, this education concerns integrated, harmonic and balanced development of the human being, since, if ecology means the knowledge about the environment, it is the human being that should be the most important, that should be the subject.In this system of educating one is not only concerned in gaining the knowledge, but also in ability to pass the gained knowledge, expressing one’s opinions, ability to make relations with people and with the world. This system is about the most integrated development of a student’s personality, the ecological education must not limit itself just to care about the nature, but it should also take into consideration the human’s psychology, environment in which one was brought up and also the values with which one was fed. That is why this widely taken ecology should not omit religious, cultural and patriotic values. And People’s Universities draw their attention to this kind of values.
Ekologia w programach nauczania religii dla I klasy gimnazjum
Authors: Łukomski Julisław
Published: January 2021

The article includes characteritc of additional materials for catechists and teachers, especially ecological examination of conscience and analysis of the following issues: revealed law and natural law, ecological balance, rule of general destiny of goods, celebration in connection with ecology, ecological intuitions in saints’ opinions and attitiudes, histories of Christian ecological intuitions.
Ekologia w programach nauczania religii dla klasy II gimnazjum. Pomoce dla katechetów
Authors: Łukomski Julisław
Published: January 2021

The article presents a trial of including ecological contents to religion teaching programme in the II class of preparatory school. Ecological contents in this programme concern following issues: human ecology, natural parental planning, personal dimension of human activity in the universe, ecological values, solidarity of human and nature, patriotism in contemporary times, nation and family in the trend of eco-development.
Dylematy nauczania etyki w środowisku szkolnym
Authors: Stolarski Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

This essay is an metaethical reflection on the character of teaching ethics in school and academic realities of Poland, the aim is to show the type of ethics which is the best in achieving the syllabus and educational assumptions of the discipline. It seems that the most important of them are the following issues:- Rationalization of ethical choices, i.e. giving the reasons for choosing particular moral values- the clearly presented problem of the responsibility for the decisions- Strengthening proper improvements of the character, which enable to choose and defend moral values: tolerance, ecological responsibility.There are two the most general ways distinguished of presentation of ethics within school or academic lecture: the “naturalistic” and the “engaged” one.The naturalistic approach is restricted to the presentation of various ethical systems without any discussion included on evaluating these systems, the engaged approach critically analyses different ethical solutions, reasonably assessing their character.Despite the arguments for the naturalistic approach (presently fashionable criticism of ethics, the issue of toleration and avoidance of the idéologisation) I undertake to defend the engaged approach as better at giving possibilities of reasonable criticism of moral behaviors and as the result of this criticism, moral attitudes which are the goal of teaching ethics in school.
Potrzeba edukacji bioregionalnej
Authors: Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

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