bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect on K-12 Campuses
Authors: Klassen Samantha L. , Hickman Donna L.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to provide students with a primer for assessing for and reporting child abuse and neglect on K-12 campuses. The authors highlight physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, which may manifest in a variety of different forms. Prevalence rates of abuse and neglect in the United States are reviewed, along with statistics reflecting the most common types of abuse as well as specific groups at greater risk for victimization. Guidelines for assessing and reporting allegations to Child Protective Services are presented, along with a case study to support students in the application of chapter constructs and procedures. The chapter ends with a discussion of specific post-reporting self-care strategies that may be implemented by school counselors.
Simulation of Thermal Field in Eutectic Microwave Bonding for Electrical Connection of Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Ghelsingher Cristian Daniel , Marin Robert Cristian , Ştefan Iulian , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Savu Ionel Dănuț , David Andrej , Savu Sorin Vasile , Olei Adrian Bebe
Published: June 2022

Sustainable development requires green energy and low carbon footprint in manufacturing sector of photovoltaic systems. The electrical connections of photovoltaic cells need to have low electrical resistance in order to reduce the electrical losses and therefore to improve the performance of the photovoltaic panels. This paper aims to present researches related to bonding of wires that connect solar cells by using microwave technology. The microwave bonding has the main advantage that offers fast bonding but, in the same time, this technology does not offer stability of the thermal heating. Two different unwanted phenomena like thermal runaway and plasma arc discharge often lead to the damaging of copper and aluminum wires used in electrical connection. The study presented in this paper is focused on simulation of the thermal field developed in copper wires in order to optimize the bonding process and increase the quality of products. The simulation of the thermal field has been done using Fourier equations for conducting heating in copper materials and eutectic alloys. The simulation model has been validated through experimental heating using a 6 kW water-cooled microwave generator controlled by a matching load auto-tuner for best transfer of the power from generator to copper wires. The temperature has been measured in real time using an infrared pyrometer for metals with 2.3 μm spectral range and measurement range between 0o C and 7000 C. The study is finalized with elaboration of mathematical model for microwave-injected power as function for temperature developed in copper wires that can be applied with success in further microwave bonding applications of copper wires. In addition, the electrical resistance of bonded wires was measured in order to collect feedback for improving the microwave bonding process.
The effects of eccentric exercise on passive hamstring muscle stiffness: Comparison of shear-wave elastography and passive knee torque outcomes
Authors: Voglar Matej , Vatovec Rok , Kozinc Žiga , Šarabon Nejc
Published: June 2022

The aim of our study was to assess eccentric-exercise-induced changes in passive knee joint torque, passive knee joint stiffness and shear modulus at of the hamstring muscles. We hypothesized that eccentric exercise would elicit an increase in all outcomes. Fourteen healthy volunteers (age = 25.5±4.7 years) performed eccentric exercise protocol. Before and after 0h, 1h, 24h and 48h, we measured the shear modulus of hamstring muscles using shear-wave elastography and passive knee joint stiffness on isokinetic dynamometer. After eccentric exercise, the shear modulus of biceps femoris increased after 0h (22.4 ± 34.1 %; p = 0.021) and for semitendinosus after 0h (14.5 ± 4.9 %), 1h (16.2 ± 6.5 %) and 24h (16.6 ± 8.3 %) (p = 0.005-0.015). There were no changes for semimembranosus and no changes in passive knee joint moment measures. There were also no correlations between the two methods. Eccentric exercise increased shear modulus of hamstring muscles, while passive joint torque was not affected. This suggests that shear-wave elastography could be more sensitive than torque measures to intra-muscular changes induced by eccentric exercise.
Reasons for Hospitalisation among Patients with Diabetes in a Secondary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Rani Santhosh , Rahman Sajitha MF , Pricilla Ruby A. , David Kirubah V.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a rapidly emerging non-communicable disease in India. It is associated with many life-long complications and higher rates of hospitalisations. The characteristics and reasons for hospitalisation among individuals with diabetes have not been documented in India. Such a study would direct policy makers in implementing prevention and education strategies and economic changes as needed.

Aim and Objectives:

The study aimed to study the characteristics and causes of admission of patients with diabetes admitted to a secondary care unit in South India.

Methods:

Aretrospective observation study of inpatient records of patients with diabetes aged 18 years and above admitted between January to December 2019 in a secondary care unit was done. The details of patient demographics, reason and outcome of admission were retrieved manually from paper-based patient records. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the institution.

Results:

Among the 479 admissions of patients with diabetes during 2019, the mean age of the admitted patients was 57.75 years. The majority of them had only one admission, 15% had re-admissions in the same time period. Approximately 78% of the admitted patients had one or more co-morbidities, 44.6% had hypertension as a co-morbidity. The principal cause of admission was infections (45%), followed by metabolic and endocrine causes (13.5%), cardiovascular disease (10.9%) and renal disease (7.96%). More than 80% of the admissions had a favourable outcome and were discharged.

Conclusion:

This retrospective study demonstrated that the most common reason for admission among patients with diabetes to a secondary care unit in South India was infection. Many infections are preventable with effective treatment for diabetes and health education. Patients bear the costs of routine treatment for diabetes which is a fraction of the direct cost of hospitalisation and can drive them to huge economic losses. Therefore, interventions to promote standard treatment by primary and secondary care health professionals and self-awareness among patients need to be done to prevent hospitalisations.
Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Insulin Infusion against Standard Dose Insulin Infusion in Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis- An Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saikia Diganta , Mittal Medha , Kanakaraju Chapala , Dhingra Dhulika , Kumar Manish
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To compare the efficacy and safety of low dose insulin infusion (0.05 U/kg/h) against the standard dose insulin infusion (0.1 U/kg/h) in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Method:

Children (age <12 years, n = 30) presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis were enrolled and randomised to receive insulin infusion either as 0.05 U/kg/h (low dose) or 0.1 U/kg/h (standard dose) as an open labelled randomised controlled trial. The rest of the management was identical in both groups. The time taken for resolution of acidosis (pH ≥7.3 and HCO3 ≥15) was the primary outcome variable. The secondary outcome variables included the time taken until a decline in blood glucose to 250 mg/dl, the proportion of children developing hypoglycemia and hypokalemia, and any treatment failure.

Results:

The two groups were similar with respect to mean age, weight and gender distribution. New-onset diabetes was diagnosed on 24/30. The mean ± SD time for resolution of acidosis was similar between the groups; 27.0 ± 6.1 hours in the low dose group vs 23.4 ± 7.3 hours in standard dose group, P = 0.16. The mean time for the decline in blood glucose to 250 mg/dl was 13.0 ± 5.9 hours in low dose vs 11.6 ± 6.0 hours in standard dose group, P = 0.52. A lesser proportion of participants developed hypoglycemia and hypokalemia in the low dose group, though not statistically significant. There was no incidence of treatment failure in either group.

Conclusion:

Low dose insulin infusion is equally effective and safe as standard dose insulin infusion in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.
A Review of Oral Semaglutide Available Evidence
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Das Sambit , Zargar Abdul H.
Published: June 2022

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have gained an important place in the management of diabetes management because of their exceptional glucose-lowering, weight lowering and cardiovascular (CV) benefits. Despite recommendations by various clinical practice guidelines and benefits, their usage in clinical practice was limited because of being injectable in nature. Oral semaglutide is a novel GLP-1RA with 94% homology to human GLP-1 which is co-formulated with absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate (SNAC), that overcomes the challenges of peptide absorption in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Oral semaglutide has been evaluated in an extensive phase 3 clinical trial programme named Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment (PIONEER) which demonstrated its robust glucose and weight lowering effects against other comparators. The evolution of the GLP-1RA class to include an oral pill will facilitate the use of this class of agents much earlier in the diabetes treatment cascade owing to wider acceptance from patients and clinicians alike. The current review discusses the various aspects of oral semaglutide and its place in clinical practice.
A novel reassortant avian influenza H4N6 virus isolated from an environmental sample during a surveillance in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Pawar Shailesh D. , Keng Sachin S. , Kode Sadhana S. , Tare Deeksha S. , Singh Dinesh K. , Mullick Jayati
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:

Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses cause mild clinical illness in domestic birds. Migratory birds are a known reservoir for all subtypes of avian influenza (AI) viruses. The objective of the study was to characterize AI H4N6 virus isolated from an environmental sample during surveillance in Maharashtra, India.

Methods:

AI surveillance in wild migratory birds was conducted during the winter migratory bird season (2016-2017) in Pune, India. AI H4N6 virus was isolated from the faecal droppings of a wild migratory waterbird. Virological and molecular characterization of the isolated virus was carried out. Virus titration, haemagglutination inhibition assay, receptor specificity assay, intravenous pathogenicity index and neuraminidase inhibition assays were performed. Full genome sequencing, molecular and phylogenetic analyses were also conducted.

Results:

The virus was found to be of low pathogenicity, with avian type receptor specificity, and was susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. Phylogenetic and molecular analysis revealed that the present virus is a result of extensive reassortment with AI H8N4, H6N2, H4N3 and H3N6, predominantly as donor viruses among others.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of an LPAI H4N6 virus from an environmental sample from India. The present study showed that the H4N6 virus is a novel reassortant and divergent as compared with the reported H4N6 viruses from poultry in India, indicating independent introduction. This highlights the role of wild and migratory birds in the transmission of AI viruses and necessity of such studies at the human-animal interface.
Clinico-microbiological profile of Bacteroides fragilis with focus on molecular detection of emerging resistance
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Shenoy Padmaja A. , Kumar Ajay , Chawla Kiran
Published: June 2022

Background & objective:

Bacteroides fragilis is a Gram-negative anaerobic opportunistic pathogen which is managed by empirical anaerobic coverage as a hospital norm. However, with rising reports of resistance among
B. fragilis
strains, antibiotic susceptibility testing for this pathogen may be the only way to understand the magnitude of the problem. This study aimed to characterize resistance patterns among clinical isolates and identify resistance genes.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted which included all samples requesting anaerobic cultures within the study period. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected for metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol by agar dilution. E-test strips were used for imipenem and piperacillin, followed by polymerase chain reaction to detect nim and cfiA genes.

Results:

Among a total of 50 isolates, 94 per cent (47/50) were susceptible and six per cent (3/50) showed intermediate resistance to metronidazole. Susceptibility to clindamycin and piperacillin was noted in 70 and 50 per cent of strains; intermediate resistance in 14 and 2 per cent and resistance in 16 and 48 per cent, respectively. No resistance was observed for chloramphenicol and imipenem. Nim gene was found in 26 per cent (13/50) and cfiA gene was found in 52 per cent (26/50) of isolates. Isolates with high metronidazole MIC of 8-16 µg/ml were found to carry nim gene (χ
2 test, P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Rising resistance among B. fragilis is evident and there is a significant association between nim gene and metronidazole resistance. Improving awareness among clinicians is paramount in tackling AMR among these pathogens, as empirical anaerobic coverage may not be effective in all cases.
Growth pattern of skinfold thicknesses in term symmetric & asymmetric small for gestational age infants
Authors: Kaur Harvinder , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Kumar Praveen
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:

A etiologically symmetric and asymmetric small for gestational age (SGA) infants are two distinct entities. In view of absence of longitudinal information on growth pattern of skinfold thicknesses (SFTs) among Indian infants, this study was conducted to assess the auxological dynamics of SFTs (sub-cutaneous fat) of symmetric and asymmetric SGA infants.

Methods:

Triceps, sub-scapular, biceps, mid-axillary and anterior thigh SFTs among full-term, 100 symmetric SGA, 100 asymmetric SGA and 100 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants were measured at one, three, six, nine and 12 months. Ponderal Index (PI) was used to categorize infants into symmetric SGA (PI ≥2.2 g/cm3) and asymmetric SGA (PI <2.2 g/cm3). Intra-group (symmetric vs. asymmetric), inter-group (SGA vs. AGA) and gender differences were quantified.

Results:

SFTs among symmetric, asymmetric SGA infants increased to attain peak by six months. Maximum fat deposition in SGA infants was noticed for triceps, minimum for mid-axillary SFT. Mean triceps and sub-scapular skinfolds were measured higher in symmetric SGA than in asymmetric infants. SGA infants had significantly (P≤0.05) thinner SFTs than AGA. Growth velocity for SFTs, among symmetric and asymmetric SGA, was measured maximum between one and three months, threreafter it declined and relatively, steepness of fall was maximum for mid-axillary SFT followed by sub-scapular SFT.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Thinner SFTs obtained for symmetric and asymmetric SGA as compared to AGA infants reveal their compromised adiposity and nutritional status. Comparatively, higher SFTs in symmetric than in asymmetric SGA infants appear to suggest that the former have a tendency to accumulate more fat, than the latter during infancy.
Quality of life assessment & out-of-pocket expenditure in multiple myeloma
Authors: Mathew Anisha , Farooqui Habib Hasan , Kumar Lalit
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:

Prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has improved significantly in the past two decades. However, the symptoms burden is high at onset and treatment is generally prolonged with significant financial burden. This study was undertaken to assess the quality of life (QoL) and to analyse out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) incurred on MM patients being treated at a tertiary care cancer centre in north India.

Methods:

This observational, cross-sectional study included 116 patients (aged >18 yr) of MM (both newly diagnosed and those with recurrent disease). For QoL assessment, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-validated questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C 30 version 3.0) and disease-specific QLQ MY20 were used. For assessing OOPE incurred on treatment, the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) questionnaire was used.

Results:

Bone pains (68.1%), fatigue (59.7%) and dyspnoea (54.6%) were common symptoms. The mean global health status/QoL score was 59.62±19.21. International Staging System (ISS) score correlated with global health status score, and gastritis was the main adverse effect. QoL score showed negative correlation to side effects of treatment (−0.53) of MY20 domain. On multivariate analysis, ISS stage (P<0.001) and adverse effects of treatment (P=0.02) were predictive factors. The median OOPE was

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-202112000-00010/math_10MM1/v/2022-09-30T185922Z/r/image-tiff

7900 (IQR,

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-202112000-00010/math_10MM2/v/2022-09-30T185922Z/r/image-tiff

4950-13,550) towards medical and

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-202112000-00010/math_10MM3/v/2022-09-30T185922Z/r/image-tiff

1150 (IQR,

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-202112000-00010/math_10MM4/v/2022-09-30T185922Z/r/image-tiff

500-3100) for non-medical expenses for the past one month.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Regular assessment of QoL in the clinical management of multiple myeloma patients has the potential of improving treatment outcomes. Measures to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure may improve treatment compliance.
Coronin-1 levels in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Sinha Sanjeev , Gupta Gaurav , Biswas Sagnik , Gupta Kartik , Singh P.P. , Jain Rahul , Sharma S.K. , Das Bimal K.
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:

Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, tuberculosis (TB) is widely prevalent and contributes to a significant burden of illness in both developing and developed nations. The present study was aimed to assess the role of coronin in TB patients and healthy controls. Coronin is a leucocyte-specific protein that is actively recruited in mycobacterial phagolysosomes, where it inhibits lysosomal delivery of Mycobacterium by activating a calcium-dependent phosphatase-calcineurin.

Methods:

In the study, 100 newly diagnosed cases of TB (pulmonary and extra-pulmonary) and healthy controls were prospectively enrolled over one year and the levels of coronin-1a in these patients and controls were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results:

A total of 100 TB patients and 100 healthy individuals as controls were assessed. There were 59 patients with extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) and 41 of pulmonary TB (PTB). In 47 per cent of patients, corroborative histopathological evidence of TB was also available. Significantly higher values of coronin-1a were observed in TB patients (19.94±2.61) than in healthy controls (16.09±1.91) (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Coronin 1a appears to play an important role in the TB disease pathophysiology and agents developed against coronin may have a role in the treatment of TB. Further studies are required to assess if coronin-1a levels are elevated in non-tubercular infective a etiologies and whether these can be a potential drug target in patients with TB.
Comparing the chondrogenic potential of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells derived from the infrapatellar fat pad, periosteum & bone marrow
Authors: Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Madhuri Vrisha
Published: June 2022

Background & objectives:

Rabbit model is commonly used to demonstrate the proof of concept in cartilage tissue engineering. However, limited studies have attempted to find an ideal source of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. This study aimed to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of rabbit MSCs isolated from three sources namely infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), periosteum (P) and bone marrow (BM).

Methods:

Rabbit MSCs from three sources were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry and multi-lineage differentiation assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using trypan blue dye exclusion test; in vitro chondrogenic potential was evaluated by histology and gene expression and the outcomes were compared amongst the three MSC sources.

Results:

MSCs from three sources shared similar morphology and expressed >99 per cent positive for CD44 and CD81 and <3 per cent positive for negative markers CD34, CD90 and human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype (HLA-DR). The BM-MSCs and IFP-MSCs showed significantly higher cell proliferation (P<0.001) than the P-MSCs from passage 4. Histologically, BM-MSCs formed a thicker cartilage pellet (P<0.01) with abundant matrix deposition than IFP and P-MSCs during chondrogenic differentiation. The collagen type 2 staining was significantly (P<0.05) higher in BM-MSCs than the other two sources. These outcomes were further confirmed by gene expression, where the BM-MSCs demonstrated significantly higher expression (P<0.01) of cartilage-specific markers (COL2A1, SOX9 and ACAN) with less hypertrophy.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study demonstrated that BM-MSCs had superior chondrogenic potential and generated better cartilage than IFP and P-MSCs in rabbits. Thus, BM-MSCs remain a promising candidate for rabbit articular cartilage regeneration.
Motivations of Drinking or Abstaining from Alcohol
Authors: Datar Manjiri Chaitanya , Shetty Jyoti Vittaldas , Mali Bharat Kumar Manchharam
Published: June 2022

Background:

Alcohol consumption at young age can lead to various negative medical and social consequences for college students. There are various motivations for students to consume alcohol. Few studies have been done to find out the motivations of students who prefer to stay abstinent from alcohol. Understanding the motivations of drinking and abstinence would help designing various preventive therapeutic programs for alcohol abstinence.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) to find the most prominent motivations for alcohol consumption and abstinence in students, (2) to compare the motivations for alcohol consumption and abstinence according to gender, and (3) to compare the motivations of students who did not ever consume alcohol with students who are abstinent for 6 months.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study. Second-year undergraduate students of medical, engineering, and fine arts colleges who consented for the study were asked to fill pro forma about the pattern of alcohol consumption revealing the details of only age and gender. Depending on response about the last consumption of alcohol, the students were asked to fill either four-factor motivational model questionnaire for those who had consumed alcohol in the past 6 months or motivation for abstaining from alcohol questionnaire for students who had never consumed alcohol or were completely abstinent for the past 6 months. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using two independent sample tests was used.

Results:

Out of total sample of 224 students from the 3 colleges, 80 students who reported to have consumed alcohol in the past 6 months filled the four-factor motivational model questionnaire. One hundred and forty-four students who did not ever consume alcohol or were abstinent from the past 6 months filled the motivation for abstaining from alcohol questionnaire. Social and enhancement motives were most common in students consuming alcohol. Male students had more enhancement motivation than females. Among motivations to stay abstinent, fear of negative consequences of alcohol, indifference, and family constraints were the most common motives. Male students had significant fear of negative consequences and family constraints than female students. Fear of negative consequences, dispositional risk, and family constraints were significant motivations in students having alcohol abstinence for 6 months than those students who had never consumed alcohol.

Conclusion:

Positive motivations for alcohol consumption are predominant in college students. Knowledge of adverse consequences and family constraints play an important role in deterring students from alcohol consumption.
Oral isotretinoin as first-line systemic therapy in a case of extensive genital warts
Authors: Sivasankari M. , Adityan M. Subramania
Published: June 2022

Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases seen in the outpatient department. Treatment modalities of genital warts vary depending on the size, site, extent of the lesions, and patient compliance. Here, we report a case of extensive genital warts managed with oral retinoids which resulted in complete clearance.
Patterns of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance mutations in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in India
Authors: Balaji Sivaraman , Madhumathi J. , Bhargava Aradhana , Singh Tanvi , Mahajan Nupur , Ambalkar Deepti , Aggarwal Sumit
Published: June 2022

The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic still exists as a major global public health burden, especially in the middle- and low-income countries. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a sole option to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease as no approved vaccine candidates are available. About 67% of the people living with HIV (PLHIV) have received the ART in 2019 worldwide. As a consequence of increased ART regimes, the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRM) also has been escalating and it would become a significant barrier in achieving the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS goal of eliminating HIV by 2030. So far, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), and protease inhibitor-(PI) associated DRM have been reported across the globe with a considerable escalation in the annual prevalence rate of pretreatment NNRTI DRM. Conversely, NRTI-associated DRM is still under 5%, with a few scattered reports of significant increase from few countries such as southern and eastern Africa. Likewise, in India, the propositions of NRTI and NNRTI-associated DRM have increased since the commencement of the nationwide ART program in 2004. In agreement to the global trend, M1841/V, a type of NNRTI, remains as a dominant DRM among PLHIV. In this review, we tried to collate various mechanisms of DRM in PLHIV. In addition, patterns of HIV DRM in India and their future challenges on drug-related mutations have been discussed.
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Garg Taru , Himadri Himadri , Meena Amit Kumar , Mendiratta Vibhu , Agarwal Shilpi
Published: June 2022

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis affecting various sites, isolated genital PG being an uncommon presentation. We report a case of a 50-year-old diabetic male who presented with 2 penile ulcers. Extensive evaluation was done for sexually and nonsexually transmitted infections, malignancy, drug-induced vasculitis, and immunobullous etiology. A diagnosis of PG was made based on the clinical findings and histopathological exclusion of other causes. The patient showed a rapid response to prednisolone, dapsone, and colchicine. This report highlights the importance of keeping PG as a differential diagnosis in cases of genital ulcers which may mimic other sexually transmitted infections.
Comparison of Amsel’s criteria with low and high Nugent’s scores for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Mala Rajni , Sood Seema , Kapil Arti , Gupta Somesh , Singh Neeta
Published: June 2022

Background:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge (VD) in women of reproductive age group. It is marked by displacement of beneficial Lactobacillus sp. by polymicrobial flora. BV is becoming a major public health concern as it is associated with adverse birth outcomes and increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Diagnosis of BV is currently done using clinical criteria (Amsel's) and the microbiological criteria (Nugent's scoring), the latter being the gold standard. Many out patient settings lack in microscopy facility and also skilled microbiologists, so reliance is placed on findings of clinical examination.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to correlate Amsel's criteria with low (7–8) versus high (9–10) positive Nugent's scores for better understanding on utility of clinical criteria.

Material and Methods:

Patients with self-reported symptoms of vaginal discharge, genital itching were included and their pelvic examination was performed. Two swab samples were collected from lateral wall of vagina and posterior fornix and tested for BV infection using both Amsel's criteria and Nugent's score.

Results:

Of the total 125 women, 29 (23.2%) were positive for BV by Amsel's criteria, whereas 34 (27.2%) were positive by Nugent's scoring. Amsel's criteria showed a sensitivity of 100% with high Nugent's scores and 81% with low scores, thereby implying very few cases of diseased individuals being missed.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the continued utility of the Clinical criteria in outpatient setting as a screening test.
Snap-shot of Microteaching as a Teaching–learning Method among Health Professionals in University of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai
Authors: Mankar Madhavi Jogesh , Pimparkar Mrunal , Dubhashi Siddharth
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Microteaching (MT) is innovative teaching–learning method to honed and refined teaching skills in teachers. The training of medical teachers in India in pedagogical technique is not mandatory. Hence, the quality of teaching imparted in medical school is heterogenous. In today's era of Competency Based Medical Education and society's increasing high expectation on health professionals, it is essential to make competent medical teachers with improved pedagogical skills. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the baseline knowledge, practice, and attitude about MT among health professionals.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period September 18–19 among all postgraduate (PG) students and teachers who have < 5 years of teaching experience after taking written consent in all constituent colleges under an university of Health science in Navi Mumbai.

Results:

Nearly 76.6% of health professionals were aware about concept of MT and 56.3% of health professionals could defined correctly MT. Only 12.6% of health professionals had correctly enumerated phases of MT. Nearly 65.1% of health professionals reported that MT as a teaching training tool should be included in PG training. Overall, 20–40% of health professionals were strongly agree to agree on various merits of MT. 57.8% health professionals suggested that experts should demonstrate teaching skills, whereas 50.6% of health professionals said that it should be made as mandatory exercise so that PG students and novice medical teachers would improve their teaching Skills.

Conclusion:

These observations suggest that microteaching exercise should be mainstreamed in health professional's curriculum in phase wise manner in future.
Role of Immunotherapy in Pythium insidiosum Keratitis
Authors: Thanathanee Onsiri , Bhoomibunchoo Chavakij , Anutarapongpan Orapin , Suwan-apichon Olan , Charoensuk Korawin , Chindamporn Ariya
Published: June 2022

Pythium keratitis is a potentially devastating ocular condition. Incidence of Pythium keratitis has been reported in tropical and subtropical areas. In previous reports, there were no effective or standard treatments, and combinations of medication, immunotherapy, and surgery were proposed. Pythium insidiosum antigen immunotherapy (PIAI) showed an acceptable safety profile, but its efficacy is questionable in Pythium keratitis. This retrospective review included 10 eyes from 10 patients. All cases were confirmed diagnosis of P. insidiosum keratitis by culture and/or polymerase chain reaction. Three doses of PIAI were injected at 2-week intervals in all patients. The infiltration diameter ranged from 5.2 mm to total corneal involvement, and eight cases (80%) had hypopyon. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) or scleral graft were undertaken in nine cases. Enucleation was done in one case on the first visit. A second TPK was undertaken in three cases, and two globes were saved. Two cases in the globe salvage group received voriconazole via eyedrops and intracameral injection. No case received either linezolid or azithromycin. Three of nine eye globes (33.33%) were saved. PIAI did not show efficacy in the treatment of Pythium keratitis. Radical surgery including resurgery in recurrence is an approved effective treatment. The recently reported medications may offer supportive management.
Morbus melancholicus : aperçu préliminaire (Pseudo-Aristote, Marsile Ficin, André Du Laurens)
Authors: Marczuk Barbara
Published: June 2022

Morbus melancholicus: uwagi wstępne (Pseudo-Arystoteles, Marsilio Ficino, AndréDu Laurens)

Od czasów Hipokratesa aż do XVIII wieku lekarze uważali melancholię za przewlekłą chorobę spowodowaną nadmiarem czarnej żółci (atra bilis), mitycznego „humoru”, którego istnienie obaliła medycyna naukowa. Artykuł opisuje etiologię, nozografię i terapię tej choroby przedstawione w traktacie André Du Laurensa Second discours auquel est traicté des maladies melancoliques et des moyens de les guerir (1597), a także koncepcje Marsilia Ficina wyrażone w De vita triplici (1489). Odwołując się do idei zawartych w Problemie XXX, przypisywanym Arystotelesowi, florencki filozof rozwija ideę związku między melancholijną predyspozycj ąhumoralną a geniuszem twórczym. Ficino proponuje zamianę szkodliwej siły melaina chole w twórczą energię – melancholia generosa. „Kapłani Muz” mogą uciec przed złym wpływem swojego patrona Saturna poprzez aktywność intelektualną i artystyczną.

Morbus melancholicus: A Preliminary Overview (Pseudo-Aristotle, Marsilio Ficino, AndréDu Laurens).
Since Hippocrates until the 18th century, physicians considered melancholy a chronic disease caused by the overabundance of black bile (atra bilis), mythical ‘humour’ whose existence is refuted by scientific medicine. The article describes the aetiology, nosography, and therapy of this disease, presented in André Du Laurens’ treatise Second discours auquel est traictédes maladies melancoliques et des moyens de les guerir (1597), as well as the conceptions of Marsilio Ficino expressed in De vita triplici (1489). Referring to the ideas contained in Problem XXX attributed to Aristotle, the Florentine philosopher develops the idea of the relationship between the melancholic humoral predisposition and the creative genius. Ficino proposes the conversion of the harmful force of melaina chole into creative energy: melancholia generosa. The ‘priests of the Muses’ can escape the evil influence of their patron Saturn through intellectual and artistic activity.
Pamięć (za)chowana w ciele. Prześnione powroty w Pogrzebie kartofla
Authors: Węgrzyn Klaudia
Published: June 2022

Jan Jakub Kolski, tworząc po 1989 roku Pogrzeb kartofla, opowiedział pełnometrażową historię o głęboko problematycznych losach powojennej polskiej wsi. Film rekonstruujący losy nie-Żyda powracającego do domu po pobycie w obozie koncentracyjnym odsyła biograficznie do dziadka Kolskiego; dlatego też w narracji reżysera losy rodzinne i historyczne wytwarzają wizualne powidoki oraz sprowadzają się de facto do chtonicznej cielesności, dającej upust powracającemu, niechcianemu i naznaczonemu doświadczeniu. Ciało poobozowe, poddane reżimowi wykluczenia, strachu oraz wstrętu, staje się wstęgą Möbiusa, której polskie społeczeństwo nie może rozwiązać, lecz jedynie zakopać pod ziemią niepamięci.

Memory (pre)served in the body. Overdreamed comeback in the Burial of Potato movie. Jan Jakub Kolskifilmed The Burial of Potato just after the year of 1989 – he have decided to tell the full-length story based in rural and postwar Polish reality. The movie reconstructed the story of non-Jew coming back to his family home after being held in the concentration camp. The storyreferred biographically to Kolski’s grandfather – hence personal and historical narrations merged together, creating visual after-images based inchthoniccarnality and recurring,stigmatizedexperience. The (foreign) body after the camp – subjected to exclusion, dread and disgust – creates the Möbius strip, event impossible to untangle and understand for the Polish rural society. Left with the redundant body, the group of neighbors and used to be friends decides to burry the memory, identity and subject himself.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS ON WORK STRESS IN EMPLOYEES OF PT. LION MENTARI PADANG
Authors: Susanti Febsri , Junita Rani
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine and analyze the effect of organizational factors and individual factors on work stress on employessof PT. Lion Mentari Padang. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Lion Mentari Padang, totaling 80 people. The sampling technique used is saturated sample. Because the population in this study was relatively small, and less than a hundred people, the entire population could be sampled. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is the statistical t test. The results showed that organizational factors affects work stress of employees of PT. Lion Mentari Padang. This is because organizational factors has a significant value of 0.005, this significant value is smaller than alpha 0.05. This means that organizational factors has a significant effect on work stress. Individual factors affect on work stress of employees of PT. Lion Mentari Padang. This is because individual factors have a significant value of 0.000, this significant value is smaller than alpha 0.05. This means that individual factors have a significant effect on work stress
Pokazatelji ukupnog antioksidacijskog statusa kuja prije i nakon ovarijektomije
Authors: Karadjole Tugomir , Lojkić Martina , Kunštek Sandra , Sokol Karadjole Vesna , Tomić Miroslav , Efendić Maša , Prvanović Babić Nikica , Butković Ivan , Šavorić Juraj , Špoljarić Branimira , Folnožić Ivan , Bačić Goran , Maćešić Nino , Bedrica Ljiljana , Fučkala Ljerka
Published: June 2022

Svaki kirurški zahvat narušava homeostazu organizma, koja se očituje u imunološkim, neuroendokrinim i metaboličkim promjenama u organizmu. Pretpostavlja se da jačina odgovora organizma ovisi i o jačini traume tijekom operativnih zahvata. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi antioksidacijski status kuja prije i poslije ovarijektomije. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno petnaest kuja pacijenata Klinike za porodništvo i reprodukciju Veterinarskog fakulteta u Zagrebu u kojih je učinjena elektivna ovarijektomija u svrhu kastracije. Kujama je krv vađena prije operacije te poslije prvog, trećeg i sedmog postoperativnog dana kako bi se izmjerio ukupni antioksidacijski status. Svim kujama je učinjena i kompletna krvna slika, biokemija i C-reaktivni protein (CRP). Ukupan antioksidacijski status određivan je pomoću TAS test kitova. Proizvođač kitova preporučuje svakom laboratoriju standardiziranje referentnih vrijednosti. Zbog toga je učinjena analiza 30 seruma zdravih kuja koje nisu bile operirane te je kao referentna vrijednost korištena njihova srednja vrijednost +/- dvije standardne devijacije. Prosječna referentna vrijednost iznosila je 1,55 mmol/L. Vrijednosti ukupnog antioksidacijskog statusa nakon operacije u svim promatranim razdobljima nisu se statistički znatnije razlikovale. Uspoređujući minimalne i maksimalne vrijednosti u svim promatranim razdobljima, zaključili smo da nije bilo velikih razlika u vrijednostima ukupnog antiosksidacijskog statusa u operiranih kuja. Na temelju naših rezultata možemo zaključiti da ovarijektomija nije prouzročila oksidacijski stres.
Heterospermično osjemenjivanje u pasa
Authors: Lojkić Martina , Butković Ivan , Maćešić Nino , Samardžija Marko , Šavorić Juraj , Folnožić Ivan , Getz Iva , Špoljarić Branimira , Prvanović Babić Nikica , Bačić Goran , Karadjole Tugomir , Raič Iva
Published: June 2022

The idea of dual sire insemination in dog breeding is to give equal chances to both males to fertilize the eggs due to the specific oestrus cycle of the bitch. Two sexually mature, privately owned females Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen (bitch A and B) aged 3 to 5 years were subjected to dual-sire inseminations. Prior to insemination, the semen of stud dogs (n=5) was collected and evaluated for volume, concentration, total sperm count, motility, membrane integrity (HOS test), percentage of live spermatozoa and sperm morphology (eosin nigrosin staining). The time of insemination was based on serum progesterone (P4) concentrations, where P4 of >5–10 ng/mL was considered ovulation. Bitch A was inseminated in two oestrus cycles with fresh mixed semen from two males using the endoscopic transcervical insemination technique (TCI). Bitch B was inseminated in one oestrus cycle by laparoscopic intrauterine deposition of frozen thawed semen. Semen evaluation showed minimum deviations in all tested parameters between the chosen males on the days of insemination. Depending on sperm concentration and quality, the volume of ejaculates was adjusted, resulting in an equal number of motile spermatozoa from two males in each insemination, providing them an equal chance for fertilisation. Confirmation of pregnancy was carried out 24 days after insemination by ultrasonography. The whelping outcome was obtained directly from the owner of the bitches. Puppy blood was taken immediately after whelping from the umbilical vein into EDTA tubes. Blood samples were also obtained from the dam and both sires for DNA profiling. Parentage was determined for each dual-sired pup by using Thermo Scientific Canine Genotypes Panel 1.1. All inseminations resulted in pregnancy and whelping. A total of 14 puppies were born in three litters. Mixed parentage was determined in 1 of the 3 resultant litters (bitch A). In conclusion, dual sire insemination is a useful breeding tool providing the opportunity to obtain puppies from multiple genetic backgrounds in a single litter. However, as this method usually produces offspring from single father, optimal insemination protocol should be established for producing a litter of mixed paternity.
ORTAOKUL FEN BİLİMLERİ DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI (2018) KAZANIMLARININ MÜHENDİSLİK VE TASARIM BECERİLERİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ALKIN-ŞAHİN Senar , TUNCA GUCLU Nihal , ATAN Cemile Dilara
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma, ortaokul fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programı (2018) kazanımlarının, Bloom taksonomisi kategori ve düzeyleri ile mühendislik ve tasarım becerileri açısından incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda ortaokul 5-8. sınıf Fen Bilimleri dersi öğretim programında yer alan 245 öğrenme kazanımı analiz kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmada kazanımların mühendislik ve tasarım becerilerine hizmet etme durumu araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Mühendislik ve Tasarım Becerileri Rubriği” ile belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizi, tümdengelimsel içerik analizi yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, kazanımların neredeyse tamamının bilişsel alan üzerine yoğunlaştığı belirlenmiş, bununla birlikte her bir sınıf düzeyinde yer alan öğrenme kazanımlarının çoğunluğunun alt düzey kazanımlardan oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan diğer önemli bir sonuç, 5-8. sınıf düzeyindeki öğrenme kazanımları arasında mühendislik ve tasarım becerilerinin kazandırılmasına hizmet eden kazanım sayısının yok denecek kadar az olmasıdır. Bu az sayıdaki kazanımların çoğunluğu yaratma düzeyinde olup, ilgili becerinin kazandırılmasına hizmet etme düzeyi oldukça düşüktür.
The Effects of Acupressure on Menopausal Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: arıtıcı çolak gözde
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to see how weight cycling affected women's nutritional health and their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Between November 2018 and May 2019, 80 women aged 18 to 65 years old applied to the Nutrition and Diet Department of a Private Medical Center and consented to participate in the study. A questionnaire form was applied to the participants, anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood parameters were evaluated. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) was used to determine the risk of T2DM. Results: 55 of the 80 women included in the study (68.8%) entered the weight cycle, while 25 (31.2%) did not enter the weight cycle. In terms of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass, and HOMA-IR values, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p0.05). While the amount of total energy, protein, fat, cholesterol, and omega-6 fatty acids in the daily diet of women who entered the weight cycle was higher than those who did not enter the weight cycle, it was observed that the intake of carbohydrates and omega-3 fatty acids were lower (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the FINDRISK score (p>0.05). Conclusion: Weight cycling is particularly frequent among women nowadays, and it is a significant risk factor for chronic illnesses in the coming years. Although this study's duration and sample number are limited, the data obtained emphasizes the effects of weight cycling on health.
The Effects of The Bongardia Chrysogonum (L) In A Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Dağlı Şeyda Nur , Demir Tuncer , Sinan Kaplan Davut , Özkul Doğru Nadide , Bahar Abdulkadir Yasir , Sarı İbrahim , Bağcı Cahit
Published: June 2022

Diabetic nephropathy is increasing in frequency and is one of the most important causes of end-stage renal disease. In this study, the effect of Bongardia chrysogonum on kidneys by induced diabetic nephropathy in a diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) was investigated. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. Rats; They were divided into 4 groups as the control group (K), the group given B. chrysogonum (B), the group with diabetes (DM) and the group given B. chrysogonum for treatment after diabetes was established (DMB). 45 mg/kg STZ was given intravenously to the DM and DMB groups. One day later, the blood sugar levels of the rats were checked with a glucometer, and values above 300 mg/dl were accepted as diabetes. B. chrysogonum infusion prepared by weighing 3 grams every day for 5 weeks was given to the B and DMB groups by gavage. Their weights and blood sugar levels were measured and recorded every week. At the end of 5 weeks, it was observed that the blood sugar level of the DMB group decreased statistically significantly compared to the DM group. Then, the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia and their kidneys were removed. As a result of histopathological examination, glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial cell increase were observed in the kidneys of the DM group. Similar histopathological findings were observed in the kidneys of DMB group rats and K group kidneys. These results were supported by Periodic acid Schiff and reticular staining. As a result of this study, it was observed that B. chrysogonum lowered blood sugar level after diabetes and reduced kidney damage. The mechanism by which B. chrysogonum regulates blood sugar in diabetic rats and affects commonly occurring secondary injuries should be investigated in detail.