bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apical and Coronal Microleakage using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Comparative Study)
Authors: Mahdi Dr. Jamal Aziz
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root canal filling material by comparing its apical sealing ability with that of laterally condensed gutta-percha with sealer in extracted one canal teeth. In addition, this study was evaluating the MTA and ZnPo4 cement as barriers to coronal microleakage.Forty single canal extracted teeth, were prepared in a standard manner using GT file, randomly divided into two groups of 20 teeth, and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha or MTA.In each group, 10 teeth received a 4-mm barrier of MTA or ZnPo4 cement. The sealing ability of each part was assessed by immersion in 1% methylene blue dye for 72 h. The leakage was recorded in apical and coronal part. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test, T-test, and LSD test.Canal filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha showed significantly less apical dye penetration than canals obturated with MTA. However, coronal barrier filled with MTA showed significantly less dye penetration than ZnPo4 cement barrier.
Dental Caries and Salivary Streptococcus Mutans in Relation to Primary and Permanent Dentition
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Ahlam T. , Al-Alous Wael S. , Al-Najjar Ammer R.
Published: August 2022

Background : Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a principle microbial agent in the pathogenesis of dental caries. The aim of this study was to compare caries experience and salivary Streptococcus mutans count among groups of children having primary dentition and adults having permanent dentition.Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 100 children with an age of 4 – 5 years old and 100 adults with an age of 21 – 22 years old in Baghdad city. Dental caries was examined for the whole dentition and bacteriological analysis was done for the salivary sample to estimate the count of Streptococcus mutans in saliva.Results: Caries experience of adults was significantly higher than that of children while salivary S.mutans count was significantly higher among children than the adults. Positive correlation of S. mutans with decayed surface was stronger than that with (dmfs/DMFS) for both children and adults.Conclusion : S. mutans count was significantly higher among children than adults and caries experienc of permanent teeth was significantly higher than that of primary teeth.
ROOT REINFORCEMENT USING CAST POST CEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CEMENTS
Authors: Nu'man Fareed Ghiab , Moutlak Mohammed F.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in-vitro study is to evaluate and compare the fractureresistance of endodontically treated teeth restored using cast posts cemented withdifferent types of cement. Thirty intact human maxillary central incisors were selectedfor this study. The crowns were removed and endodontic therapy were done on theroots, which were then prepared to receive cast posts, after their fabrication, the castposts were cemented with zinc phosphate cement (group I), resin modified glassionomer cement (group II),and resin cement (group III). The samples were subjectedto compressive fracturing loads by a Zwick testing machine at a cross head speed of5mm/min., with an angle of 45º to the long axis of the tooth. The results showed thatthe posts cemented with resin cement exhibited the highest mean failure load followedby posts cemented with resin modified glass ionomer cement , while posts cementedwith zinc phosphate cement exhibited the lowest mean failure load.
Presurgical Evaluation of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar using Digital Fluoroscopy
Authors: AL – Nakib Dr. Lamia H. , AL – Hiany Dr. Mohanad A.
Published: August 2022

Background: In order to evaluate the impacted mandibular third molar preparation there are many radiographic techniques used include conventional and digital techniques, the aim of the study is to establish the use of digital fluoroscopy in evaluation of impacted mandibular third molar.Material and Method: - Digital fluoroscopy and conventional bisecting line angle techniques were done for 20 Iraqi adult males 20 -25 years with class one normal occlusion according to angle classification. Measurements were done according to classification system which includes angulations relation to the ramous, depth of impaction, nature of overlying tissue, root morphology, relation to second molar, and its relation to inferior dental canal.Results: It was revealed that there are non significant differences in radiographic assessments of impacted mandibular third molar between digital fluoroscopy and conventional bisecting line angle technique for all classification systems of impacted mandibular third molar at P ≤ 0.01.Conclusion:-The value received from this study showed that digital fluoroscopy could be applied as a diagnostic tool in presurgical evaluation of impacted mandibular third molar.
Radiographical evaluation of the effect of parathyroid hormone on developing bone of embryos rat
Authors: Al-Safi Dr. Mona Abdul Hadi
Published: August 2022

Parathyroid hormones are playing an important role in maintaining calcium ion level in blood.The present study was design to evaluate the effect of parathyroid hormone is on bone in developing embryos.Ten albino pregnant rats were used in this study who 0.5 mg of parathyroid hormone as a tablets was given in drinking water from first day of gestation till delivery day (21).Treated embryos (No.50) of one day old were evaluated in comparison to control (No.50) radiographically and by measuring weight and size of the head.The results showed significant variation with low bone density in treated embryos.The study showed t
The association between a marker of oxidative stress in Saliva and severity of periodontal disease
Authors: Ibrahem Dr. Lekaa M.
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in saliva and severity of periodontal diseaseMaterial and method: Twenty five periodontitis patients were divided into two subgroups according to severity of periodontal disease (fifteen patients with probing pocket depth (PPD) <6mm and ten patients with PPD>6mm). Clinical examination which included measurement of both PPD and bleeding on probing (BOP) were carried out before and after initial periodontal treatment in addition to assessment of 8-OHdG in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Result: Salivary level of 8-OHdG in those with PPD >6mm was higher than those with PPD<6mm. Also this study evaluated 8-OHdG levels in GCF, it was detected only in periodontitis patients with PPD>6mm (mean PPD = 7.34) and only in some cases (4 out of 10).Conclusion: These data suggest that periodontally-involved teeth with deep pockets are a major source of salivary 8-OHdG levels may prove to be useful identifying patients with teeth of hopeless prognosis.
Assessment of Congenitally Missing Teeth in Prosthodontic Patients
Authors: Al-Refai Dr. Ali Sultan
Published: August 2022

Congenital missing of one or more teeth, excluding the third molars is relatively common, but anodontia or oligodontia is rare and may be associated with ectodermal dysplasia. In this study, it was found that among (379) prosthodontic patients, one patient had anodontia representing (0.26 %) of the cases and need complete denture for esthetic and functional demands, and two patients had oligodontia representing (0.52 %). These percentages were higher than other studies in the world, may be due to environmental and / or congenital causes.
The Relationship Between Calcium, Magnesium And Inorganic Phosphate of Human Mixed Saliva And Dental Caries
Authors: Al –Zahawi Dr. Shukria Mohammad , Al-Refai Dr. Ali Sultan
Published: August 2022

Selected elements in stimulated whole saliva, and dental caries experience were studied. The stimulated mixed saliva samples were obtained from (56) dental students with an age range between (18 – 23) years. Every salivary sample was centrifuged at (1800 r.p.m) for (6) minute at room temperature. The results showed that the DMFS and DMFT values for females were higher than that of the males in all age groups. The concentration of inorganic phosphate was higher than that of calcium and magnesium and the females showed lower values than males.A negative correlation was recorded between the concentration of calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphate with the DMFS and DMFT. Significant relation was found between the concentration of calcium with the DMFS and highly significant difference with DS and DMFT. Non significant difference was found between the concentration of inorganic phosphate with the DMFS and DMFT. Highly significant difference was found between the concentration of magnesium and DMFS, FS and DMFT.
Effect of air abrasion treatment on microleakage of a pit and fissure sealant (in vitro study)
Authors: Hussein Dr. Baydaa Hussein
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the microleakage of a pit and fissuresealant after different enamel surface treatments: (1) acid etching only, (2) airabrasion only, and (3) air abrasion followed by acid etching.Thirty sound human upper premolars were used in this study. The teeth weredivided into three groups according to the type of treatment prior to sealantapplication: Group 1 (in which the occlusal surface was etched with 37% phosphoricacid gel for 30 seconds), Group 2 (in which the occlusal surface was air-abraded for10 seconds with sodium hydrogen carbonate powder), and Group 3 (in which theocclusal surface was air-abraded as in group 2 and then acid etched as in group 1).Then a light-cured pit and fissure sealant (Fisseal, Promedica, Germany) was appliedto the central fissure in the occlusal surface of each tooth and light cured for 20seconds. Then the teeth were thermocycled between 5ºC and 55ºC for 10 cycles,immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine dye for 24 hours at room temperature, embedded inauto-polymerizing acrylic resin, sectioned longitudinally bucco-lingually, andexamined under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration.The results of this study showed that the highest mean of microleakage scores wasin group 2 (air abrasion group), while the lowest mean of microleakage scores was ingroup 3 (air abrasion + acid etching), with statistically highly significant difference(p<0.01) between group 1 and group 2, and between group 2 and group 3, withstatistically non-significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (p>0.05).Air abrasion treatment prior to sealant application was not effective in reducingmicroleakage and should be followed by acid etching.
Cranial base texture in individuals with prolonged nasal obstruction
Authors: Al- Mothaffar Dr. Nagham M.J.
Published: August 2022

A sample of 27 individuals with nasal obstruction (18 males and 9 females: 18-28 years) was selected and compared with matched control subjects whom diagnosed as nasal breathers. Each subject underwent an intraoral clinical examination and a cephalometric radiograph analysis. The purpose of this evaluation was to clarify the issue whether or not breathing mode is related to cranial base texture. The results showed a significant increase in the cranial base angle in the sample group. On the other hand no clear evidence was found about the inconsistency of the pituitary gland concerning its size; instead it showed significant correlations with the other cranial measurements in the sample group.
Root Caries Prevention Potential of Chopped CO2 Laser: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Rajab Dr. Muthenna Sh.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study aimed to assess the caries-preventive potential of various chopped CO2 laser parameters, and to explore the effect of the laser energy density on the caries inhibition activity.Roots of extracted human premolar teeth were irradiated with three various energy densities (25.47, 50.93, and 101.86) J/cm2, by changing the number of pulses, the pulse duration, and the spot diameter. The CO2 laser system emitted laser with 10.6m in wavelength. All roots were subjected to carieslike lesion formation by 3.5 pH lactic acid for 21 days. The roots after that were sectioned into ground cross sections and the lesion depths were measured under a polarizing microscope.Chopped CO2 laser preventive treatments inhibited carieslike lesion progression up to 36%. This effect was improved with decreased total energy density within the limits of the examined laser parameters.
Adjunctive affects of systemic amoxicillin and metronidazole with scaling and root planning
Authors: Atrooshi Dr.Barzan Abdulwahab
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin as an adjunct to initial periodontal therapy in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.Methods and Materials: This randomized, double blind study, involved 50 adult patients with untreated periodontitis who were randomly assigned to receive either a full-mouth scaling and root planning along with systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin (T group) or scaling and root planning with a placebo (P group). Clinical measurements including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding Index (BI) were recorded at baseline and six to eight weeks after therapy. The deepest pocket was selected and samples for microbiological testing were taken. Patients received coded study medications of either 500 mg amoxicillin in combination with 250 mg metronidazole or an identical placebo every eight hours for seven days following scaling and root planning.Results: There was a significant change in PD , CAL, PI, and BI in the T group compared to the placebo group after therapy. Parallel to the clinical changes, treatment significantly reduced the number of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and P. intermedia (Pi) compared with baseline in the T group. However, in the P group only the Pi colony count was reduced significantly (P=0.0001). After therapy, there was a significant difference between the T and P groups in the number of patients negative for Aa, Pg, and Pi.Conclusions: The significant differences between treatment and placebo groups are in line with other studies and support the considerable adjunctive benefits of the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Root trunk height of maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars in Iraqis (a pilot study)
Authors: Jawad Dr. Kadhim Jawad , Aziz Dr. Raed Aziz , Gholam Dr. Mohammed K.
Published: August 2022

Although the Root Trunk Height (RTH) as a variable in different racial groups was extensively studied, but its relation to the presence and absence of other anatomical abnormalities as Cervical Enamel Projection (CEP) never been tested. On the other hand, data focused on this variable in our community are not available. So the aim of this pilot study is to provide a base line data on this important anatomical variable (RTH) in our community and to calculate its possible correlation to the presence of (CEP). In this study (242) extracted permanent molars (126 maxillary first molar and 116 mandibular first molar) were collected from the dental clinics of Al-Mustansiriya teaching hospital /college of dentistry. RTH for each tooth was measured and presence of CEP was recorded. Results of this research showed that that mean values of RTH of permanent first molars in Iraqis were comparable with that found in other countries. On the other hand, there is a highly significant relation between the RTH and presence of CEP on buccal and mesial aspects of maxillary first molar and buccal aspect of mandibular first molar, while this relation is not significant on distal aspect of maxillary first molar and lingual aspect of mandibular first molar.
Angular Cheilitis and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Zaidan Dr. Taghreed Fadil
Published: August 2022

Angular cheilitis presents as an area of inflamed and cracked skin at the angles of the mouth. Iron deficiency anemia seems to predispose to angular cheilitis. Thus this study was conducted to find out how many patients with angular cheilitis were having iron deficiency anemia.Eighty-two patients (45 females and 37 males) between the age of (9-70) years with angular cheilitis were used in this study. Complete blood picture with hemoglobin estimation and blood films were done for each patient.The highest number of patients with angular cheilitis was in the two age groups (5-14) and (55-64) years. Twenty-nine (35.3%) of patients with angular cheilitis were of iron deficiency anemia. Their hemoglobin values (Hb) were 9.3 ± 0.7 gm\dl in females and 10.6 ± 0.6 gm\dl in males while for those not anemic patients is 11.8 ± 1.1 gm\dl in females and 14.5 ± 0.6 gm\dl in males. The Hb values were significantly decreased in those patients with microcytic hypochromic red blood cells (p<0.01) of females and (p<0.05) of males.The highest number of patients with iron deficiency anemia was in the age group (25-34) years, while in the age group of (65-74) years, patients with angular cheilitis were not affected with iron deficiency anemia.Only twenty-nine (35.3%) of patients with angular cheilitis were having iron deficiency anemia (microcytic hypochromic anemia). The mean of hemoglobin values (Hb) were 9.3 ± 0.7 gm\dl for females and 10.6 ± 0.6 gm\dl for males.
Chromatographic estimation of tetracycline in saliva
Authors: Abed Dr. Hayder H. , Shebeeb Dr. Adil H. , Badea Dr.Raed A.
Published: August 2022

Tetracyclines have been widely used in dentistry, especially in treatment of periodontal diseases and other oral pathological lesions. They are effective in treatment because their concentration in the gingival crevice is 2-10 times that in serum. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines at a low gingival crevicular fluid concentration (2-4 mg/ml) are very effective against many periodontal pathogens. Tetracyclines are an extensively used group of antibiotic medicines. Clinical pharmacology of tetracycline in saliva was not clear until the time of this research achieving on normal subjects or patients required tetracycline treatment. The evaluation was achieved by using suitable method (efficient, low cost, and reproducible). The purpose of this study is the determination of the tetracycline concentration in saliva. The obtained results from HPLC method recorded saliva concentration of tetracycline ranged fom 0.08 to 0.23 μg. / ml. The HPLC method provided successful methods for monitoring the tetracycline in saliva with a detection limit reached to 0.05 ng/ml. Since the saliva is considered as the first line of immune system in the oral cavity, so it is important to suggest further study to know the therapeutic effect of tetracycline through saliva against certain oral lesions
Mandibular dental arch parameters in Down's syndrome patients with Class I occlusion. (A comparative study)
Authors: Ghaib Dr.Nidhal H. , Abd Awn Dr.Dheaa H. , Al-Khatieeb Dr.Mustafa M.
Published: August 2022

This study is carried out to find the dental arch form for patients with Down's syndrome and to compare the lower dental arch parameters of those patients with the corresponding norms, and to gain a correlation between the upper and lower arches for the Down's syndrome patients from previous study. A total sample of 50 patients with Down's syndrome were examined with an age ranged 14-18 years, the lower dental arch parameters were compared with another group, control, on student of an intermediate school matching with the age and Angle's classification (Class I).Study models for the upper and lower arches were constructed, then dental arch measurements were carried out and evaluated. The results show that the lower arch parameters for the patients with Down's syndrome were significantly smaller mean values than the control group for both genders with the males had greater values in inter arch distance and length, with high correlation between the upper and lower jaws .The wide arch form is the dominated arch form while the flat is the least to appear. The conclusion of the study is that the growth pattern of dental arches in Down's syndrome patients proportionally reduced when compared with those of norms, with a symmetrical configuration. Hence all arch forms are presented with different distribution.
Microleakage after root canal preparation with rotary and hand ProTaper system (in vitro study)
Authors: Mehdi Dr. Jamal A. , Al-Gharrawi Dr. Hikmet A.Sh. , Al-Zaka. Dr. Iman M.
Published: August 2022

Seventy canals from 35 mesial roots of extracted human mandibular molars were selected and divided into 2 groups. The group I was prepared mechanically with ProTaper system. And group II was prepared with hand ProTaper files. All canals were obturated with Thermafil technique and Topseal sealer. Apical microleakage and the time for preparation were recorded in each sub group. Five molars were used as control teeth. All specimens were stored in 100% humidity, and were suspended in methylene blue dye for 72h. Linear dye leakage was statistically different (T-test), while time preparation between two groups was not statistically different.
Indirect Digital Radiography versus Conventional Radiography for Estimation of Root Canal Length
Authors: Mustafa Dr. Ahmed S. , Mustafa Dr. Salah S.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Indirect Digital Radiography (IDR) for setting working length with the aid of new software additions program. The root canal length was measured using two estimation methods: conventional D-speed film radiograph, IDR using 2 clicks, 3 clicks, 4 clicks, and 6 clicks of measuring tools. Twenty seven extracted human lower molar teeth with different canal curvatures were examined. True canal length was measured using a millimeter rule. Non-significant differences were found in canal length estimation between IDR, conventional radiograph, and true canal length, also there was non-significant difference in measurement using 2, 3, 4, or 6 clicks.
The effect of the CO2 laser on the enamel cracks
Authors: Rajab Dr. Muthenna Sh.
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study aimed to assess the effeats of the CO2 laser on the enamel cracks. The labial cracks of thirty extracted central incisors were irradiated with 4 Watts power and (0.4, 0.2 and 0.1) pulse durations. The laser used was CO2 laser with 10.6 μm in wavelength. The irradiated samples were sectioned into ground cross sections and examined under polarizing microscope. Enamel cracks can not be welded completely using CO2 laser irradiation. Although the formation of superficial glaze layer, there was a tendency to increase in the separation of the crack sides as the pulse duration of the laser increased
Lower Arch Crowding In Relation To Periodontal Disease
Authors: Abdulwahab Dr. Barzam Abdulwahab
Published: August 2022

A clinical examination was done to study the relationship between crowding and periodontal health status in lower anterior region. The occurrence of crowding was recorded in fifty adult males with class I angle occlusal relationship who have not been received orthodontic treatment before. The sample was divided into two groups: a crowded group of 25 males presented with crowding in the lower anterior teeth, and a normal group of 25 males presented with normal occlusal features and with no crowding.Scaling (supra and sub gingival debridement) and polishing were done for all the subjects, plaque and gingival indices were scored before treatment, and then re-scored at one, two, three and four weeks after treatment.It was found that the gingival index and plaque index are reduced in their value in the normal group, while the gingival and plaque indices tend to return to their original pretreatment values in the group of crowded lower anterior teeth and much faster than that of a normal group.
Ameloblastoma and keratocyst : Statistical analysis of cases
Authors: Shebeeb Dr. Adil H.
Published: August 2022

Seventy four cases of odontogenic ameloblastoma (OA) and forty three cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) were obtained from the files of the Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University covering the period from 1980 to 1990.The cases were analyzed according to sex, age and location. Results showed that males were affected by OA 45(60.8%) and OKC 24(55.8%) more than females 29(39.2%),19(44.2%), respectively. In this study OA occurred more frequently in 21-30 years age group 25(33.8%).Regarding OKC the most affected age group were 21-30 years and 11-20 years 12(27.9%) and 8(18.6%), respectively .The mandible was the most frequent site of involvement for both OA 65(87.8%) and OKC 27(62.8%).Most of the findings in the present study agreed with previous available data from the literatures.
Dimensional stability of heat-activated acrylic resin at different time intervals by different flask cooling methods
Authors: Khalaf Dr. Bayan S. , Abass Dr. Shorouq M. , Jassim Dr. Tameem Kh.
Published: August 2022

This study was design to investigate the dimensional stability of heat-activated acrylic resin with different methods of flask cooling (15 minutes rapid cooling, one hour bench cooling, four hours delayed deflasking, and 24 hours delayed deflasking) at different time intervals (immediately, two days, seven days, 30 days) after deflasking.Heat-activated acrylic resin was used to prepare acrylic samples. Then, measurement of the distances where achieved between the centers of selected marks in the acrylic samples. They were measured at different time intervals for different methods of flask cooling.The results showed that the group samples of the four hours and 24 hours of delayed deflasking was insignificantly different from the control and followed by the group of one hour bench cooling. The quenched group was significantly different from the control group.The heat-activated acrylic resin should be kept in the flask for four hours or more after processing to achieve more accurate dentures.
The effect of immediate pre-extraction period On blood pressure level (Prospective study on 100 Iraqi patients
Authors: Alhamdani Dr. Faaiz Alhamdani
Published: August 2022

Although dental extraction has been studied extensively for its effect on the level of blood pressure, taking in consideration the use of epinephrine in dental anesthesia together with the stress factor, there are no available data about the effect of the immediate pre extraction period on the blood pressure level, so the aim of our study is to examine the effect of this period on 100 Iraqi patients within the age group (40- 70). The result of this study reveals that No significant difference in the systolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure levels in this period, No significant difference between males and females in the same respect, and 21%, 16% of the patients showed decrease in their systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. The role played by the dentist in stress control can provide a possible explanation for such results.
The effect of dowel space preparation on the apical seal of Resilon & Gutta-percha obturation materials. (An in vitro comparative study
Authors: Al-Kasaki Dr.Saleh M. F. , Al-Azzawi Prof. Dr. AbdulKarim J.
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of immediate versus delayed dowel space preparation using peeso reamers on the apical seal of roots filled by Gutta-percha with two types of resin based-sealers (AH26 and AH Plus) and by Epiphany obturation system.Methodology: Sixty freshly extracted human teeth with single and straight canals were used in this study. The roots were instrumented using the step-back technique, instrumentation was accomplished by using the Gates-Glidden drills with copious irrigation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% solution of aqueous EDTA to remove smear layer. The roots were randomly divided into 3 main groups according to the type of obturation materials using lateral condensation technique (20 teeth for each group):Group A: Gutta-percha + AH26 root canal sealer.Group B: Gutta-percha + AH Plus sealer.Group C: Resilon+ Epiphany sealer+ prime. (Epiphany obturation system)Then each group divided into two subgroups according to the time of dowel space preparation either immediately after obturation or after one week. The external surfaces of all roots were coated by two layers of sticky wax except for the apical 2 mm and were then submerged in 2% methylene blue dye for 3 days at 37ºC. After that, all roots were longitudinally sectioned for linear measurement of dye penetration through the apical foramen using a stereomicroscope. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Student t-tests.Results: Significantly less apical leakage in roots filled by gutta-percha with AH Plus than those filled by gutta-percha with AH26 and those filled by Epiphany obturation system for delayed dowel space preparation (P< 0.05) and there was a significantly less apical leakage in roots filled by Epiphany obturation system that prepared immediately after obturation than those received delayed preparation (P< 0.05).Conclusion: All the groups had apical leakage what ever the type of obturation material or time of dowel space preparation.
The Effects of Acetic Acid and Chlorhexidine Gluconate as a Cavity Cleanser on the Shear Bond Strength of Compomer Restorations
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Raghad A.
Published: August 2022

Bonding of restorative materials to tooth structure has become one of the prime objectives of modern dentistry. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate andcompare the shear bond strength of compomer material to dentin washed with three cleanser agent. Thirty freshly extracted adult human maxillary firs,, premolars teeth were utilized in this study. Each tooth was sectioned horizontally exposing the dentin surface. According to the type of cleanser agent used to wash the dentin surface; the teeth were divided into three groups often teeth each: Group I chlorhexidine cleanser with compomer; Group II acetic acid with compomer; and Group III distal water with compomer. The measurement for evaluation the shear bond strength of compomer to dentin by using Zwick universal testing machine. The results showed that higher significant different between group I and group III also between group II and group III; however< there is no significant difference between group I and group II. This present in vitro study concludes that the shear bond strength of compomer material to dentin can be enhanced by washing the exposed dentin with cleanser agents chlorhexidine and acetic acid instead of distal water.
Prosthetic Treatment Needs among Institutionalized Elderly in Baghdad - Iraq
Authors: Abdul –Rahman Dr. Hanan Abdul –Rahman
Published: August 2022

This study was used to investigate the oral health status and treatment needs in elderly patients having a pattern of chronic general diseases that often result in social disadvantage. The study sample consisted of seventy patient admitted to the elderly institution. Standardized dental probes and mirrors were used for the clinical examination; questionnaires were taken from elderly patients. The results of this study indicated that the prosthetic treatment was needed in 45 patient which equal to (64.3%) of total. Relining of the dentures was considered sufficient treatment in about (25%) of the patients weaning dentures, while constructing of new dentures were necessary for four patients. The dental health service programs for geriatric patients should be improved and carried out in connection with their institution
Burning mouth syndrome in Iraqi patients: a preliminary study of 38 cases
Authors: AL-Aswad Dr. Fawaz AL-Aswad
Published: August 2022

The complain of burning sensation in the mouth can be said to be a symptom of other disease or a syndrome in its own right of unknown etiology. In patients where no underlying dental or medical causes are identified and no oral signs are found, the term burning mouth syndrome should be used.To obtain base line information on the prevalence of the oral problems and clinical features co-existing with burning mouth syndrome patients.The study group consisted of 38 (11 males and 27 females) burning mouth patients, they were examined to evaluate the oral health status.Of 38 patients, who verbalized their complaints, 63.1% complained of subjective oral dryness, 26.3% had taste disturbances; the most prevalent site with burning sensations was the tongue 65.7%.Burning mouth syndrome patients in our environment are principally women, other symptoms include dryness and altered taste is common in those patients.
Distribution of Cross-Bite in A Sample of Iraqi Student in Baghdad City
Authors: Aljourane Dr. Tariq Shalhi
Published: August 2022

Cross-bite is one of important numerical anomalies of teeth . So that many studies have been carried out in different parts of world to find the prevalence of cross-bite.This study was conducted to assess cross-bite in a sample of Iraqi student. Which is essential for planning dental health services? The examination was carried out on 2210 subjects 1080 male and 1130 female, the age rang was (13-17 years) .The assessment procedures of cross-bit were carried out via intra-oral examination.The analysis of results showed that- The total percentage of cross-bite was recorded 18.8% .- The posterior cross-bite 10.4% while anterior cross-bite 8.5% .- The percentage of cross-bite in female 20.9% while in male 16.6% .- The percentage of unilateral cross-bite 7.3% while bilateral cross-bite 3% .
Analysis of the relation between lip length, free way space, closest speaking space, arch size concerning palatal-depth relativity
Authors: Abdul – Rahman Dr. Hanan Abdul – Rahman
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to determine clinically if there is a correlation between lengths of upper lip and inter occlusal distance, closest speaking space concening palatal depth relativity and to develop a technique for measuring occlusal vertical dimension.The sample consisted of 88 subjects, irreversible hydrocolloid impressions, stone models, vernier calipers, modified plastic rulers were used in the measurements of lip length, transverse and vertical arch dimensions. The speaking method was used for measuring the free way space by pronouncing m sound while the closest speaking space was measured by asking the subject to pronounce s sound.Statistical analysis was carried out using a standard t-test to compare between males and females; the result reveals possible gender difference related to lip length and palate depth. Also r-test used to find the correlation between the parameters used in the study (lip length, free way space, closest speaking space, inter canine distance, inter molar distance, and palatal depth) , the results analyze and found that there is a positive correlation between the parameters.When selecting a method to be used for OVD measurements, the criteria to be considered are accuracy, repeatability of the measurements and the length of the time required to secure the measurements.The results of this investigation indicate that new method for measuring occlusal vertical dimension may be suggested .It was based on the observed correlation, normally found in individuals with natural teeth, between lip length and different parameters.
The incidence of frequency of a various removable partial edentulism cases
Authors: AL.Judy Dr. Hikmat J.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of incidence of various removable partial denture classes among a selected sample of population.The study population consisted from 362 patients (156 men and 206 women) were selected from prosthodontics department, college of dentistry, Baghdad university. Intraoral examination of each patient has been done to determine the Kennedy classification for each patient. Categorization of modification areas for the Kennedy partial edentulous cases has been done, also categorization of partially edentulous cases according to age and gender has been done. The results indicated that mandibular removable partial edentulism are more common than the maxillary cases, and the class I mandibular cases are the most commonly incident and the class IV partially edentulous cases were the least common cases.The distribution of partially edentuluosness revealed the influences of the general pattern of tooth loss, which could be modified by patients' demands and socioeconomic status.
One Year Clinical Evaluation of Class V composite Restoration Using Tow different Placement Techniques
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Dr. Zainab M.
Published: August 2022

Several techniques are proposed for the restoration of Class V cavities but there isno agreement in the literature as to which technique is more effective. The aim of thisstudy was to compare a one-year clinical performance of class V composites usingdifferent placement technique.Thirty-eight class V cavity preparations in identical patients were prepared. Onecomplete unit of composite and three increments of composite were used forrestoration of class V preparations. The clinical criteria consisted of post-operativesensitivity, marginal discoloration, recurrent caries and marginal adaptation that wereevaluated after one year.The t-test and Chi-square Pearson were used for analysis of data (P≤0.05). Therewas no significant difference between the two techniques regarding post-operativesensitivity and marginal adaptation. Marginal discoloration using three incrementswas significantly less than that of one complete unit.There was no significant difference in post-operative sensitivity between the twotechniques. Marginal discoloration using 3 increments was significantly less than thatof one unit. No significant failure was observed when using any of the techniques.
Prevalence of dental caries in relation to residential factor among (6-9) years old children in Baghdad
Authors: Al-Mashhadaney Dr. Maha Abdul-kareem
Published: August 2022

dental caries survey was conducted concerning 6-9 years old children in two different social areas in the city of Baghdad.The total sample composed of 180 (90 males and 90 females). Purpose of this study included the estimation of the prevalence of dental caries and its association with the socioeconomic background of children.Results showed that for the primary dentition dmfs and dmft values were higher for males aged 6-7 and 7-8 years in high socioeconomic class (7.8 & 4.2 , 9.7 & 4.7) than in low socioeconomic class (6.7 & 3.9 ,7.2 & 3.2) with statistically no significant differences ( p> 0.05). For children aged 8-9 years in low socioeconomic area the values were higher compared with those in high socioeconomic area for both sexes.For the permanent dentition the high social class showed higher prevalence of dental caries compared with their lower social class counter parts except females aged 8-9 years with low socioeconomic status recorded higher DMFS and DMFT values ( 2.66 & 2.6) compared to those in high socioeconomic (2.6 & 1.8), while the relation was not significant ( p>0.05).Generally the present study showed that the prevalence of dental caries for primary teeth was higher among children with low social class (dmfs & dmft) than those with high social class, while the results were reversed for the permanent teeth.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Extract on Cariogenic Microorganisms of the Dental Plaque In-Vitro Study and Scanning Electron Microscopic Assessment
Authors: Ali Dr. Nidhal Abdul Wahid
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts on different type of dental plaque microorganisms. Screening study was performed to detect the potential antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, S. mutans, Lactobacillus and dental plaque pool samples. From the screening test, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined. The lowest MIC value was 25 mg/ml of aqueous and 12.5 mg/ml of ethanol extract for S. aureus. The highest MIC values were seen in dental plaque anaerobic pool samples with 300 mg/ml of aqueous extract and 150 mg/ml of ethanol extract. The MIC values for aqueous extracts ranged from 25 to 300 mg/ml where as ethanol extract ranged from 12.5 to 150 mg/ml. The high concentration of ethanol extract, 100 mg/ml in the fixed plant concentration test showed the most inhibition effect for all the organisms tested. Generally, the Cinnamomum zeylanicum ethanol extracts demonstrated a stronger antibacterial activity compared to the aqueous extract. This study also compares the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine with the plant extracts but chlorhexidine showed a higher antibacterial effect on the microorganisms where almost all organisms inhibited The morphological structures of S. mutans Lactobacillus were observed under SEM before and after treatment with Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts and chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash. This study did not detect any physical changes occurring in shapes and structures of the bacteria after treatment with Cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts. The scanning electron micrograph of bacteria after treatment with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash showed visible changes in the shapes and structures of the bacteria. Cinnamomum zeylanicum present promising antibacterial properties which could be used to inhibit dental plaque formation
Topical Nigella Sativa in the treatment of oro-genital ulceration in Behcet's disease.
Authors: Abdali Dr. Samara M.
Published: August 2022

To assess the effect of Nigella sativa oil as a topical preparation for treatment of oro- genital ulceration of Behcet's disease. This is a double blinded therapeutic trial in which 40 patients with Behcet's disease manifested as recurrent episodes of oral and genital ulceration were enrolled into 2 groups; Nigella sativa oil was applied as 10% in glycerin topically 3 times / daily to the first 20 patients. The other 20 were given glycerin only. Assessment was done 4 days then 8 days after treatment.Results were recorded as they appeared in clinical examination and those records were arranged in tables for both groups concerning oral and genital ulceration cases.Nigella sativa oil is a new topical agent for promotion of healing of oro- genital ulceration of Behcet’s disease which may act through Pits anti-inflammatory effect
A comparative radiographical evaluation of alveolar bone resorption in upper and lower anterior teeth
Authors: KAKA Dr. LUAY N.
Published: August 2022

Alveolar bone loss is the atrophy of maxillary and mandibular bone that underlines and support the teeth lead to reduction in bone height and volume. The sample of this study was collected from patients who attended Al-Mammon center for specialist dentists. The patients usually complaing from bleeding gum, discomfort on eating and relative mobility of teeth. In this study 60 male patients with age between 20-49 years were selected and divided into three groups to assess bone loss by the aid of digital panoramic radiographs in the upper and lower anterior teeth. The results revealed that bone loss is more in lower anterior teeth than in upper anterior teeth in most of the age groups.
The correlation between upper lip length, amount of free way space and visible portion of anterior teeth at rest position.
Authors: Abdul – Ameer Dr. Faiza M.
Published: August 2022

The aims of this study were to investigate the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth surfaces when the lips are at rest. And to evaluated its correlation with age and sex. As well as to determine the correlation of the upper lip length with the amount of clinical free way space.Two hundred adults (100 males and 100 females) were examined. All the subjects had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth present with bilateral molar support. The measurement was taken at the midpoint of the each anterior tooth when the lips and lower jaw were at rest position. The length of upper lip was measured from the base of the columella to the tip of the philtrum at the midline of the face. Artificial landmarks (adhesive tape) were placed on the more prominent parts of the nose and chin of each subject. The clinical free way space value was obtained by subtracting measured vertical dimension of occlusion from postural vertical dimension.Females showed more of the maxillary central and lateral incisors than males. With increasing age, the amount of maxillary anterior teeth that was visible at rest position decreased. Statistically the amount of visible surface of maxillary central incisor showed significant differences with increasing age of subjects. The subjects with shorter upper lips displayed more of maxillary central and lateral incisors than those with longer upper lips. Significant differences were founded between the visible amount of maxillary central and lateral incisors and lip length. It was founded that the more increased in the length of upper lip, the more decreased in the vertical dimension as increased in the amount of clinical free way space which is founded within the recommended range (2-4mm). High significant differences were founded between the amount of clinical free way space and length of upper lip. Females showed shorter upper lip than males and high significant differences were founded between sexes and upper lip length.
Effect of preventive periodontal health education on the oral hygiene of primary school children
Authors: Naaom Dr. Enas Razzoqi
Published: August 2022

Teachers are believed to be the key in any educational program so they could be targeted in order to enhance the effect of dental health education. A sample of eighty eight of first year primary school children aged 6 – 7 years old were randomly chosen and allocated into two group ,control and experimental (with 44 children in each group ). Teaching staff of experimental group were submitted to oral health education program that were conducted for the children in the experimental group only. The total sample were examined using plaque index PLI (silness & Loe) & gingival index GI (Loe & silness). The first examination carried out before the program conduction and the second examination done one month after. A highly significant improvement was recorded among the children in the experimental group after the program conduction. Results of this research support the positive role of the educational programs in the improvement of dental and periodontal health. Therefore, oral health education for school children is an essential activity for promoting, establishing and marinating optimal oral health and preventing oral diseases.
Evaluation the Effect of Different Instrumentation& Obturation Techniques on the Apical Sealing Using Two Types of Sealers
Authors: Hanna Dr. Hala P. , Salman Dr. Raid F.
Published: August 2022

There is controversy as to which instrumentation &/or obturation techniques tochoose with which type of sealer give better apical sealing. This in vitro study aimedto evaluate the apical sealing ability of three obturation techniques and two types ofsealer.A total of 120 teeth were randomly divided into two groups; roots prepared usingstep-back and hybrid techniques. Each group of instrumented roots were subdividedrandomly into three obturation groups of 20 roots for each; each one of theseobturation techniques were used twice; once with ZOE sealer and other with AH26sealer. Then dye penetration study conducted & samples were examined under thestereomicroscope. Data had been collected from two independent examiners andstatistically analyzed using student t-test.Concerning the obturation techniques, warm vertical compaction showed bestapical sealing. Regarding sealers, AH 26 sealer had better sealing ability than ZOEsealer with highly significant difference.Warm vertical compaction obturation technique in combination with the AH 26resin sealer obturates the canals with lesser apical leakage