bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonial policies against female circumcision among the Nyakoe people, Kisii county, Kenya, 1907-1963
Authors: Caroline M. Kithinji; Dickson N. Kagema Dennis O. Ongeri;
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish the colonial policies against female circumcision among the Nyakoe people, Kisii County, Kenya, between 1907-1963. This study used Cultural Attraction Theory (CAT) as a tool for analysis. Methodologically, qualitative research was applied; hence, the study used the descriptive study design. This study was carried out in the village of Nyakoe, south of Kisii County, because of the continued female circumcision among the Nyakoe people. Fifty Respondents were purposively sampled using snowball techniques. The data was collected from primary, archive, and secondary sources that were corroborated to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the study. This survey collected data through oral interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analysed and presented by qualitative data analysis. The main research findings were that Christian missionaries and the African chiefs in the local native councils, the building of schools, forced labour of Gusii men, the narrative of European superiority, taxation, prosecution of the participants, trade and evangelisation used to protest against female circumcision. Female circumcision continued in the study area despite the colonial government's efforts to stop it.
Pedestrian accessibility in grid layouts: the role of block, plot and street dimensions
Authors: Sevtsuk Andres , Kalvo Raul , Ekmekci Onur
Published: September 2022

Research on urban form and walkability suggests that on average smaller blocks are better for pedestrians. We explore how block sizes, plot dimensions and street widths affect pedestrian accessibility in regular grids. Pedestrian accessibility is captured by the gravity index, which is proportional to the number of neighbouring plots that can be reached within a given walking radius and inversely proportional to the travel costs involved. Pedestrian accessibility is measured for the original town plans of well-known US and Australian grids and compared with thousands of computer simulated grids, analysing how close the grids come to the theoretical maxima of pedestrian accessibility, given plot sizes and street dimensions. The findings show how dimensions of plot frontages and depths, street widths and block lengths affect pedestrian accessibility in gridiron urban environments. Block lengths have a non-linear relationship to accessibility and smaller blocks are not necessarily better for pedestrians. In many cases, larger blocks have greater pedestrian accessibility than smaller blocks, which might explain previous variable findings on the effects of blocks sizes on walkability. Though block lengths in most of the famous grids we investigate come close to achieving maximum possible pedestrian accessibility levels, some of them could provide users with as much as 12 per cent more accessibility if their lengths were optimized for pedestrians. The lengths of the Manhattan and Indianapolis blocks come closest to maximizing pedestrian access, given their original plot and street dimensions. We illustrate a few prototypical block sizes that maximize pedestrian accessibility and may be suitable for pedestrian-friendly subdivisions in contemporary urban planning.
FUNCIÓN PULMONAR OSCILOMETRÍA DE IMPULSO EN PEDIATRÍA. PROCEDIMIENTO Y APLICACIÓN CLÍNICA
Authors: Alvarez G. Cecilia , Meyer P. Rodolfo
Published: September 2022

La Oscilometría de Impulso (IOS) es una técnica no invasiva que evalúa las propiedades mecánicas de todo el sistema respiratorio durante la respiración tranquila. Mide la impedancia total del sistema respiratorio, evaluando la resistencia total de la vía aérea, la resistencia de la vía aérea alta y las propiedades elásticas del pulmón. Detecta el compromiso de la vía aérea periférica en forma muy precoz, antes que la espirometría, y es útil en niños pequeños porque no requiere maniobras de espiración forzada. Permite evaluar la respuesta broncodilatadora y broncoconstrictora a través de pruebas de provocación bronquial para el diagnóstico de hiperreactividad bronquial. La IOS tiene un rol en la evaluación temprana y seguimiento de la función pulmonar en niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, principalmente asma bronquial, displasia broncopulmonar y fibrosis quística. Este artículo revisa los aspectos fisiológicos, técnicos y aplicación clínica de la IOS, considerando las últimas recomendaciones para la estandarización del examen y las limitaciones que dificultan su interpretación .
ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY MORBIDITY OF LOW-TRAUMATIC FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES IN PATIENTS OVER 50 IN GOMEL REGION WITHIN 2007-2010
Authors: Romanov H. N. , Popkov D. V.
Published: September 2022

The estimation of the primary morbidity indicators for low-traumatic femoral neck fractures in patients over 50 residing in Gomel region has been performed. The average age of the fracture occurrence exceeds 70, at the same time there are none statistically significant differences in the morbidity indicators between men and women identified for the age of 60-79. Skeletal traction (36,9 %), conservative treatment (35,1 %), osteosynthesis (14,9 %), and hip replacement (13,1 %) prevailed in the structure of rendering specialized medical care to the patients with the femoral neck fractures.
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF HAEMOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS AFTER HIGH DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH TRANSPLANTATION OF HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
Authors: Kuzmich E. A. , Zmachinskiy V. A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents early and long-term results of the combined application of haemopoetic growth factors, i.e. erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after high-dose chemotherapy with haemopoetic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic and oncohematologic disorders. It has been established that the combined therapy with haemopoetic growth factors after the allogeneic transplantation of haemopoetic stem cell leads to better donor marrow engraftment. This reduces the average patients` stay at hospital in the posttransplantation period and increases the indicators of 5-year-old non-relapsing survival rate of patients with Hodzhkin`s lymphoma treated with a combination of erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
ADAPTABLE CAPABILITIES OF SPORTSMAN`S ORGANISM DEPENDING ON THE REGULATION TYPE OF HEART ACTIVITY
Authors: Shilovich L. L.
Published: September 2022

The differences in the regulation of heart activity define different adaptable capabilities of the sportsman`s organism. The sensitivity of regulatory organism systems is presented according to the data of complex «Omega-S». The analysis of the data has shown, that the organism capabilities are associated with the level of the functional reserve of cardiovascular system.
PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS OF NICOTINE ADDICTION IN YOUNG PEOPLE AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Authors: Mamchyts L. P. , Kartasheva N. V.
Published: September 2022

The work covers the present-day problems of nicotine addiction and the identification of the factors underlying its spread among young people and also the development of prophylactic measures aimed at the prevention against smoking in the young generation. The results of the study made it possible to detect risk youth groups by the formation of addictive behaviors on tobacco use, to establish a cause-effect relationship between smoking, development of respiratory and gastro-intestinal pathology, and the indicators of physical development. We have developed an algorithm to give a complex analysis addictive behavior of students at the stage of prenosological diagnosis. The above mentioned method can be used in public care institutions to conduct routine inspections of the population, in the individual assessment of behavioral characteristics, and also to assess the effectiveness of health-improving and medical interventions.
PROSPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF GENE DIAGNOSTICS IN MEDICINE
Authors: Fomchenko N. E. , Voropayev E. V. , Serikova E. V.
Published: September 2022

Basic researches in genetics provide progress of medicine. The genetic approach allows get closer to understanding of biological essence of diseases, and data obtained at such approach create base for the further development of theoretical, clinical and preventive medicine. Molecular-genetic methods in diagnostics of illnesses today is а big and various group of methods of the variations intended for revealing in structure of а gene. The importance of molecular diagnostics is obvious to medicine is both early revealing of illness and choice of adequate treatment; treatment bу а preparation which is considered safe and effective оn the basis of molecular diagnostics; integration of molecular diagnostics and therapy; monitoring of treatment and definition of the forecast.
CONTENT OF VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Malayeva E. G.
Published: September 2022

The interest in studying synthesis, metabolism and effect of vitamin D has increased recently due to the world tendency to decrease its intake and due to new knowledge about the mechanisms of its active metabolite effects in human organism. According to certain research, deficiency of vitamin D is associated with the increased risk for the development of infectious diseases. As a result of the given study it has been established that patients with liver cirrhosis and with vitamin D deficiency often diagnose bacterial infections, which needs to determine the status of vitamin D and if necessary to correct its content in the patients with liver cirrhosis.
CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ACTOVEGIN IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF CORONORARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Krivelevich N. B. , Tsukanov A. N. , Shilova V. A. , Naumenko E. P. , Kurs O. V.
Published: September 2022

Objective. To determine clinical efficacy of the preparation «Aсtovegin», included in the complex therapy of patients with CHD. Material and methods. The research included patients aged from 30 to 60 with ischemic heart disease, i.e. stable stenocardia of I-III functional classes (chronic heart insufficiency of I-III functional classes according to NYHA classification and/or portinfarction cardiosclerosis). The average age at the moment of the examination was 55,03 ± 0,53. A total of 243 patients were examined, and of them, 216 patients were treated with aсtovegin. The statistic data were processed with the use of the standard set of statistic programs «Statistica», 6,0 (StatSoft, USA). Results. An earlier stabilization of stenocardia and relatively greater level of readaptation to physical activities as well as decrease of ejection fraction (EF) were observed in the patients treated with actovegin. The analysis of the biochemical blood values revealed that the treatment with this preparation led to a significant decrease in cholesterol, low- and very low-density lipoproteids. Conclusion. Actovegin in the complex therapy of patients with CHD stimulates contractile ability of cardiac muscle, has a positive effect on cardiac pumping function. Possessing an antihypoxic, insulin-like, cytoprotective and reperative effects, it corrects tissue metabolism, at the same time improving the biochemical blood values in the patients with CHD.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR BEFORE MARRIAGE AND CONTRACEPTION CHOICE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF THE CLASSIC UNIVERSITY
Authors: Dyubkova T. P.
Published: September 2022

We have conducted an anonymous questionnaire of 275 girls-students of the classic university, who reached the age of 20. Main group included 107 smokers, 168 girls of the same age have never smoked tobacco (group of comparison). There is a comparative analysis of sexual behavior before marriage and contraception choice of the girls in both groups. Risky sexual behavior and lower level of contraception culture is typical for smokers: early sexual debut, large number of sexual partners, frequent sexual contacts, irregular using of contraception or giving it up, using of low-effective methods of contraception. Smokers use emergency hormonal contraception 2 times more often. Every 5th girl indicates the presence of sexually transmitted infections in her anamnesis. There is a psychological readiness to induced abortion in smokers.
MATHEMATICAL ASSESSMENT OF GENDER FEATURES OF LUMBAR DISCORADICULAR CONFLICT
Authors: Olizarovich M. V.
Published: September 2022

Discogenic lumbar radiculopathy is a common pathology in population. To perform operations, surgeons must know the size of the anatomical structures. The lumbar vertebral structures at disk hernia level were measured. The received data about the size of vertebra body and intervertebral disks make it possible to plan neurosurgical operations more precisely.
PREVALENCE RATE OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SIGNS IN NATIONAL SERVICEMEN
Authors: Rebko A. A. , Latysheva V. Ya.
Published: September 2022

Subject: to estimate personal, situational anxiety, signs of depression and vegetative frustration in national servicemen. Materials and methods. Psychometric anxiety and depression data of 125 national servicemen in a military unit of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus with use of the Hanin-Spielberg test, questionnaires to define vegetative frustration signs, Beca scale (BDI). Results and the conclusion. As a result of the research it was revealed, that 77 (61,6 %) military men had overestimated indices by the used psychometric scales and such conditions could influence the development of depressions, vegetative frustration disorders, which demanded carrying out of psychocorrectional activities.
CHRONIC HEART DEFICIENCY WITH PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION (literature review)
Authors: Bakalets N. F.
Published: September 2022

The literature review covers the questions of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment of chronic heart deficiency with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction.
PROSPECTS OF DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION OF HEART RHYTHM VARIABILITY METHOD IN SPORT (literature review)
Authors: Shilovich L. L.
Published: September 2022

The variability of heart rhythm makes it possible to define the state of homeostasis according to the degree of activity of vegetative nervous system divisions and to define the tension of regulating systems according to the activity of subcortical nervous centres, which allows to predict the degree of physical exercise in sports, to detect the conditions of рhysical weariness, to supervise the process of physical training aimed at its optimisation.
APPLICATION OF MEDICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Lyzikova Yu. A. , Einysh E. A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents information on the features of pharmacokinetics of medications in pregnant women, risk categories of drugs in pregnancy, causes of inefficiency of antibacterial therapy.
CONTROL OF LABORATORY PARAMETERS LEVEL AS A COMPONENT OF ANESTHESIA MONITORING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors: Marochkov A. V.
Published: September 2022

The changes in the parameters of hemodynamic, electroencephalographic entropy, levels of glucose, lactate and cortisol were studied in 85 patients, operated on organs of abdominal cavity in the conditions of effective anesthesiological protection on the basis of multicomponent endotracheal anesthesia with application of inhalation anesthetics and total intravenous anesthesia. It was determined that the control level of glucose, cortisol and lactate in blood serum was an informative biochemical indicator of anesthesia adequacy during abdominal operations and can be successfully employed as a corresponding part of the intraoperational monitoring.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF ECHOGRAPHY (literature review)
Authors: Yermolitsky N. M.
Published: September 2022

Ultrasonic examination is an important diagnostic tool. At present, there are significant reserves of sonography enhancement in medical institutions of any level, which provides the application of the quality assurance system. The use of the methods of quality assurance in a varying degree makes it possible to improve diagnosis and to enlarge the possibilities of echography. The problems of quality assurance are becoming more and more topical in the service of radiation diagnostics of the Republic of Belarus. The application of the monitoring quality system of the ultrasonic equipment and work stages will guarantee diagnostic research of high quality, and also the maximum safety of the personnel and patients. The aim of the publication is to attract attention to the necessity of sonographic examination enhancement, acquaintance with the system of echography quality assurance according to the international standards.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BONE MARROW IN PATIENTS WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME (literature review)
Authors: Zhandarov M. U.
Published: September 2022

The aim of research: to assess the possibility of histological diagnosis of bone marrow sample in myelodysplastic syndrome. Materials: analytical review of publications. Results: the possibilities of the method application were determined. Conclusion. Morphological changes in bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndromes are not strictly specific and should be evaluated taking into consideration other clinical and laboratory methods.
CLINICAL GUIDELINES AND EVIDENCE REGARDING PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Platoshkin N. E. , Kanus I. I.
Published: September 2022

Aim of research: the aim of this research was to overview clinical guidelines and evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: the clinical guidelines and evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus were studied. The approaches to preoperative management and perioperative insulin therapy in this category of patients were described and analyzed. The role of oral hypoglycemic drugs in perioperative period was discussed. Conclusion. The optimal perioperative management of patients with diabetes mellitus is a difficult task. The up-to-date evidence does not cover all the problems arising during the management of this category of patients. The need in further research and compilation of clinical guidelines is obvious.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF DIFFERENT VASCULAR SUBSTITUTES IN EXPERIMENTAL INCLUSION INTO THE ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Lyzikov A. A. , Achinovich S. L.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of morphofunctional features of femoral vein in comparison with great subcutaneous vein and vascular prosthesis in experimental inclusion into the arterial blood flow. Ten mongrels were used as subjects of the experiment. They were implanted combined patches consisting of femoral and subcutaneous veins and artificial prosthesis into the femoral artery. The sampling of the material was taken 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. The immunohistochemical examination of the received morphological material was carried out. The degree of development of microcirculation of large vessels perimisium was determined as one of the assessment criteria of the vascular transplant function. The study resulted in determination of the main patterns of the substitute functioning in the arterial flow.
TBA-ACTIVE PRODUCTS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN ERYTHROCYTES OF ULTRASONIC FIELD AND IN THE PRESENCE OF ETHANOL
Authors: Ignatenko V. A. , Lysenkova A. V. , Kalinin A. L. , Kazuschyk A. L.
Published: September 2022

There are new data that provide evidence on formation of the active product of TBA from ethanol which has maximum light absorption at a wavelength of 532 nm in the interaction with oxygen radicals, which occur in aqueous solutions under the effect of ultrasonic waves. The results of the formation of TBA active products are confirmed in an experiment on protection of erythrocyte membranes from ethanol peroxidation in an ultrasonic field and the direct effect of ultrasound on ethanol solutions. We proposed a chemical mechanism of the alleged TBA active product, malondialdehyde from alcohol solution in the interaction with oxygen radicals in normal conditions. The mechanisms of formation of molecular iodine and iron three-plus in an ultrasonic field were illustrated. The role of alcohol in the formation of molecular iodine, iron and lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes is still being discussed.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR REBUSAN SELEDRI TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI KELURAHAN HUTA TONGA
Authors: Simamora Febrina Angraini
Published: September 2022

Hipertensi merupakan suatu peningkatan abnormal tekanan darah dalam pembuluh arteri secara terus menerus lebih dari satu periode. Salah satu penanganan non farmakologis yg digunakan untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi adalah seledri. Seledri (Apium graveolens L) merupakan salah satu dari jenis terapi herbal untuk menangani penyakit hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian air rebusan seledri terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia penderita hipertensi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen semu/quasi eksperimen, dengan rancangan penelitian pretest-postest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 82 Responden dan sampel didapatkan melalui rumus slovin sebanyak 19 responden, tekhnik pengambilan sampel yaitu secara purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel berdasarkan tujuan tertentu yang tidak menyimpang dari kriteria yang sudah ditetapkan oleh peneliti. Hasil analisa data menggunakan uji paired t-test diperoleh hasil p- value 𝛼 0,000 maka p= < 𝛼 0.05 berarti ada pengaruh pemberian air rebusan seledri terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia penderita hipertensi di kelurahan Huta Tonga. Saran penelitian ini diharapkan bagi responden dan masyarakat dapat menjadi wawasan dan bahan pertimbangan untuk memilih pengobatan alternatif yang tepat dan praktis dalam penyembuhan penyakit hipertensi pada lansia.
Relationship between mother's knowledge offood nutrition of Stunting in Toddlers in Singali Village, Hutaimbaru District, Padangsidimpuan City
Authors: Endang Tapi
Published: September 2022

The most important phase in the growth and development of children during infancy and toddlerhood, because this is the most important period for parents to build the basis for child development. The type of research used in this study is a quantitative study using a cross sectional study approach with the aim of knowing the relationship of Mother's Food Knowledge about Food Nutrition of stunting under five in Singali village, Hutaimbaru district, Padangsidimpuan city, which was observed in the same time period. The time of the study was carried out from January to Mei 2021. The results of the analysis test on Mother's Food Knowledge about Food Nutrition in stunting prevention, obtained the value of person chi-square is 1.149 with a significance level of 5% = 0.050, df = 2, chi-square table value = 5.99148, it can be concluded that mother's knowledge has an influence on prevention stunting in toddlers in Singali Village, Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru District.
Insoluble lipid film mediates the transfer of soluble saccharides from the sea to the atmosphere: the role of hydrogen bonding
Authors: Xu Minglan , Tsona Tchinda Narcisse , Li Jianlong , Du Lin
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Saccharides are a large group of organic matter in sea spray aerosol (SSA). Although they can affect climate-related properties of SSA, the mechanism through which saccharides are transferred from bulk seawater to the ocean surface and ultimately into SSA is still debated. Here, the transfer of small soluble saccharides was validated and quantified using a controlled plunging jet sea spray aerosol generator to better understand the wide range of particle properties produced by natural seawater mixed with model organic species, glucose and trehalose. Data show that both soluble saccharides can promote the production of SSA particles. Conversely, the role of the insoluble fatty acid film on the surface greatly reduced the production of SSA. The resulting inorganic-organic mixed particles identified by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed typical core-shell morphology. Langmuir model was used to parameterize the adsorption and distribution of saccharide into SSA across the bubble surface, while infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) combined with Langmuir isotherms were undertaken to examine the effects of aqueous subphase soluble saccharides on the phase behavior, structure and ordering of insoluble lipid monolayers absorbed at the air/water interface. Changes in alkyl chains and headgroups structure of mixed fatty acid monolayers under different saccharide concentrations in aqueous phase were reported. In seawater solution, the effects of dissolved saccharides on the ordering and organization of fatty acid chains were muted. Hydrogen bond analysis implied that soluble saccharide molecules displaced a large amount of water near the fatty acid polar headgroups. Saccharide-lipid interactions increased with increasing complexity of the saccharide in the order glucose < trehalose. Our results indicate that the interaction between soluble saccharides and insoluble fatty acid molecules through hydrogen bonds is an important component of the sea-air transfer mechanism of saccharides.
WRF-DL v1.0: A Bridge between WRF v4.3 and Deep Learning Parameterizations and its Application to Atmospheric Radiative Transfer
Authors: Zhong Xiaohui , Ma Zhijian , Yao Yichen , Xu Lifei , Wu Yuan , Wang Zhibin
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, physical parameterization schemes are the most computationally expensive components, despite being greatly simplified. In the past few years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that deep learning (DL) parameterizations of subgrid physics have the potential to accelerate and even outperform conventional physic-based schemes. However, as the DL models are commonly implemented using the DL libraries written in Python, very few DL-based parameterizations have been successfully integrated with NWP models due to the difficulty of embedding Python functions into Fortran-based NWP models. To address this issue, we developed a coupler to allow the DL-based parameterizations to be coupled with a widely used NWP model, i.e., the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. Similar to the WRF I/O methodologies, the coupler provides the options to run the DL model inference with exclusive processors or the same processors for WRF calculations. In addition, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupler, the DL-based radiation emulators are trained and coupled with the WRF model successfully.
Mars rotational elements: how to explain the long period terms in the IAU standard?
Authors: Yseboodt Marie , Baland Rose-Marie , Le Maistre Sébastien
Published: September 2022

In order to describe the orientation of the spin axis of Mars, the IAU (International Astronomical Union) Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements (WGCCRE) uses the right ascension and declination angles, the equatorial coordinates orienting the planet with respect to the Earth equator. This solution is useful to make cartographic products.
Differently from IAU, the radioscience community commonly uses Euler angles, with obliquity and node’s longitude defined with respect to the planet mean orbit at epoch. In both sets of angles, a third angle, the rotation angle, is used to position the prime meridian. Its trend is the diurnal rotation.

The most usual way to transform Euler angles into IAU angles is to numerically evaluate the IAU angles over a given time interval with the help of spherical geometry, then to perform a frequency analysis on the so-obtained time series (e.g. Jacobson, 2010, Kuchynka et al., 2014 and Jacobson et al., 2018 for Mars). Unfortunately, such a method does not take into account the physical meaning of the planet’s rotational dynamics, which relies on well-known periodicities governed by the celestial mechanics.

In the present study, we provide analytical expressions to precisely transform a set of angles in the other in the case of Mars. The targeted precision of the transformation is smaller than 0.1 mas for each angle on an interval of about 30 years before and after J2000. Each angle is modeled by the sum of a quadratic polynomial, a periodic series (nutation or rotation variations) and a Poisson series (a periodic series multiplied by the time).

The analytical precise transformation shows that even when the Euler angles do not include quadratic terms (as commonly assumed by the radioscience community), the IAU angles do. As a result, since no quadratic term is considered in the IAU-like solutions as inferred by Jacobson (2010), Kuchynka et al. (2014), and Jacobson et al. (2018), an artificial very long period signal with well-chosen values for the amplitude, phase and frequency is needed to mimic the quadratic behavior on an interval of a few tens of years around J2000. Adding a long period modulation instead of a quadratic term largely and artificially alters the angle values at J2000 as well as their rates. For example, the correction was as high as 9° for the initial value of the angle or 100 mas/year for the rate.

This work is done in the frame of the analysis of two Martian radioscience experiments (RISE on InSight, and LaRa on ExoMars), and is financially supported by the Belgian PRODEX program managed by the European Space Agency in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office.
astroEDU, IAU open-access platform for peer-reviewed Educational Activities
Authors: Giacomini Livia , Gomez Edward , Mazzolo Giulio , Sanderson Gwen
Published: September 2022

AstroEDU is an open-access platform for peer-reviewed science education activities. Founded in 2013 by Pedro Russo and Edward Gomez, today AstroEDU is an open-access  platform supported by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) where educators can find a selection of the best science activities, particularly those with an astronomical, earth or space science focus.

A simple web search for an astronomy education activity will yield many results, yet the quality of, relevance and how current the results are, is unclear.  AstroEDU seeks to address this disparity between quality and quantity of astronomy education activities through the process of peer-review.  Each activity receives a review from a professional educator and professional scientist, to review the educational and scientific content in a constructive manner. The published activities are then published in online repositories, so the activities can achieve the maximum reach.

In 2022 astroEDU has 2 language editions (English and Italian), each with their own editor in chief and editorial board, with a total of more than 80 activities that have been selected and published. The aim of this talk is to encourage the community to create activities or review existing activities to fit into the astroEDU activity template, and to give guidance about reviewing astroEDU activities.
Exoplanetary cloud retrieval using YunMa in transit spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Sushuang , Changeat Quentin , Al-Refaie Ahmed , Ito Yuichi , Tinetti Giovanna
Published: September 2022

Transit spectroscopy is an effective method for the atmospheric study of exoplanets. However, clouds impose uncertainties in constraining the atmospheric parameters. The current exoplanetary study is awaiting improvement in analysing clouds in transit spectra with the retrieval technique and within reasonable computational time. Therefore, we developed YunMa, an optimised cloud microphysics model for transit spectroscopy. We took advantage of TauREx 3 (Al-Refaie et al. 2019, 2021), an open code framework for simulating exoplanetary spectra to enable the retrieval function of YunMa. We validated our model by comparing our simulation with previous literature results. We evaluated the retrieval performances on a synthetic temperate sub-Neptune. We, therefore, concluded that this work did the first transit spectral retrieval with parametric cloud microphysics included and proposed feasible applications with YunMa.
Astrobiology Graduates in Europe: Actions and Perspectives
Authors: Taubner Ruth-Sophie , Nauny Philippe , Cassaro Alessia , Kopacz Nina , Noack Lena , Palabikyan Hayk , Pinna Silvana , Price Alex , Stavrakakis Hector A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Astrobiology Graduates in Europe (AbGradE, pronounced ab-grad-ee) is an association of early-career scientists working in fields relevant to astrobiological research. Conceptualized in 2013, it was initially designed as a mini-conference dedicated to early-career researchers (ECAs) in a more relaxed environment than that of traditional conferences. Our meetings act as a networking opportunity, as well as a practice round and steppingstone for ECAs entering the world of academic research.

Audience & topics engaged: Our audience is mostly composed of graduate students and post-doctoral fellows, but not only: undergraduates, senior scientists, and researchers from different disciplines with a strong interest in astrobiology are also welcome to attend our meetings. The topics engaged at our events, both symposia and workshops, naturally include the obvious themes related to astrobiology, and go beyond them by delving into social sciences and humanities (e.g., an online Space law and governance meeting in 2021). Specific workshops were organized on more practical issues like science communication, space mission design, networking, and navigating post-graduate research. Other issues, like mental health in a research context, are also considered for future editions.

Collaborations: AbGradE has been involved in astrobiology schools, such as the EANA International hydrothermal spring school. As the spiritual daughter organization of EANA, AbGradE maintains strong ties with it while developing on its own into an organization by ECAs, for ECAs, in a similar fashion to how AbGradCon operates. Over the years, AbGradE also teamed up with other organizations, like the European Astrobiology Campus (EAC), the European Astrobiology Institute (EAI), and the Europlanet Early Career (EPEC) Network.

Online presence: In the spirit of the “work from home” attitude prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, AbGradE has attempted to provide more online resources. Apart from moving meetings online, we have built a website and sent out a quarterly newsletter to keep ECAs engaged, and to encourage a sense of community during the lockdown-ridden time of the pandemic.

Scope: Within the last couple of years, AbGradE became the first point of call for European, but also for an increasing number of non-European ECAs, especially with the recent development of online resources. This presentation aims to present how AbGradE has evolved over the years (in its structure and in its way of organizing events), how it has adapted with the COVID-19 pandemic, and what future developments are considered.
Studying exoplanet orbits & dynamics with allesfitter
Authors: Günther Maximilian N.
Published: September 2022

The orbits and dynamics of exoplanet systems can unveil their tales of formation, migration, star-planet interactions, and atmospheric properties. Kepler, TESS, and soon PLATO deliver an unprecedented wealth of new photometric data on this matter, while ground-based follow-up and radial velocity instruments add valuable insights. Here, I will present how we can unite and untangle all this data on exoplanets' orbits and dynamics using allesfitter. This open-source python software enables flexible and robust inference of stars and exoplanets from photometric and radial velocity data. Allesfitter offers a rich selection of orbital and transit/eclipse models, accommodating multiple exoplanets, multi-star systems, transit-timing variations, and phase curves. It can also help mitigate and/or study stellar variability, starspots, and stellar flares. I will highlight some of allesfitter's science output on examples of exoplanet dynamics (e.g., TOI-270 and TOI-216) and orbital phase curves (e.g., WASP-18 and WASP-121). With TESS' extended mission and PLATO on the horizon, a wealth of new data soon face us, allowing TTV and phase curve studies of dozens of such systems over many years.
Stellar Flares and Habitable(?) Worlds from the TESS Primary Mission
Authors: Günther Maximilian N.
Published: September 2022

On our search for habitable worlds, we have to account for explosive stellar flaring and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) impacting exoplanets. These stellar outbursts are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, flares and CMEs are capable of stripping off atmospheres and extinguishing existing biology. On the other hand, flares might be the (only) means to deliver the trigger energy for prebiotic chemistry and initiate life. This talk will highlight our study of all stellar flares from the TESS primary mission, driven by a convolutional neural network. I will discuss our new insights on flaring as a function of stellar type, age, rotation, spot coverage, and other factors. Most importantly, I will link our findings to prebiotic chemistry and ozone sterilisation, identifying which worlds might lie in the sweet spot between too much and too little flaring. With future extended missions and increased coverage, flare studies and new exoplanet discoveries will ultimately aid in defining criteria for habitability.
Thermal properties of asteroid Ryugu from global, local, and micro-scale and its formation scenario
Authors: Okada Tatsuaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Sakatani Naoya , Shimaki Yuri , Arai Takehiko , Senshu Hiroki , Demura Hirohide , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Kouyama Toru , Kanamaru Masanori , Ishizaki Takuya
Published: September 2022

Thermal properties of C-type asteroid Ryugu have been investigated through remote sensing using the Thermal Infrared Imager (TIR), on the surface using the radiometer MARA on MASCOT lander, and the analysis of return sample. The global average and the local distribution of thermal inertia were mapped by TIR observations, with the lower thermal inertia than that of typical chabonaceous chondrite meteorites. surface boulders and their surroudings have almost the same thermal inertia of 200 to 400 J m-2 kg-1 s-0.5 (tiu, hereafter), indicating that most of boulders are relatively porous and not completely consolidated and the surroundings are covered with boulders and rocks (not sandy regolith) [Okada et al., 2020), which was confirmed during the descent operations for sampling. Boulders have a variety of thermal inertia, with more than 80 % of boulders with 200 to 400 tiu, while some portions have very low or very high thermal inertias. They are identified as Hot Spots and Cold Spors, because they are exceptionally hot or cold compared with their surroundings (Sakatani et al., 2021). The surface experiment by MARA indicated the simiar thermal inertia for a single boulder (Grott et al., 2019), so that the rough boulders should be the representative material on the asdteroid. The thermal properties of return sample do not seem to be the same, although they are not always representative regaring the physical properties since fragile sample might have been broken during the impact sampling process, during the severe shock and shaking in the return capsule when entry to the Earth surface. The return sample dseem to be more consolidated and flatter surface feature, instead of fragile and porous features. The return sample are more like CI chondrite meteorites with darker, more porous and fragile characteristics (Tada et al., 2021).  The difference of thermal inertia between la arger scale (> 1mm)  and a small scale (<0.1ｍｍ）might attribute to the existing cracks and pores inside of boulder materials. A formation scenario of Ryugu will be shown to explain the history of Ryugu formation or planetary formation. 
Linking a large oblique-impact crater on Mars to the Southern Mt Lofty Ranges multiple impact event in South Australia – inference for latter event size and scope
Authors: Moore Robert
Published: September 2022

Understanding of shallow angle impacts (termed "oblique") comes from planetary bodies other than Earth, and also comes from modelling published by various workers over the past two decades or so. Another comparator source is the Southern Mt Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island impact in South Australia, which has not been dated other than being >35 mya. At previous conference attendances the case has been built that the oblique impact in SA was from the south rather than in the plane of the ecliptic, which raises the new question how common is such an event in the solar system. A digital elevation model from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter has here been used to assess the occurrences of oblique impacts on Mars, focussing on the northern hemisphere. A large impact crater at 7 degrees N / 178 degrees E on Mars matches the criteria and additionally has the same impact approach direction as the Southern Mt Lofty Ranges craters, implying that the orbital plane of that impactor may have been similar or the same as that of the latter. The large scale of the particular crater identified on Mars forces a reassessment of the sizes of additional candidate Australia craters beyond the Southern Mt Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island impact sites. A digital elevation model of a central band of Australia, some 600 km wide, is analysed for candidate sites, while indicators of meteorite disintegration during oblique impacts are used to inform the study and to shortlist candidate sites.
EPN24, Global Collaboration and IntegrationDevelopment: Strategic Plan 2020–2024
Authors: Cavalazzi Barbara , Heward Anita , Mason Nigel , Datta Susmita , Davis Gareth R. , Walter Nicholas , L'Haridon Jonas , Franchi Fulvio , Hagos Miruts , Gomez Fernando , Yi Keewook , Chang Hyejung , Kim Kyeong Ja , Liu Yang
Published: September 2022

Since its foundation in 2005, Europlanet has sought to reach out and engage with planetary scientists across the globe. Today, Europlanet has a global role to connect the international planetary community through the common aim of working together to explore and understand our Solar System and exoplanetary systems beyond. It is therefore both timely and necessary to put in place a framework for a community-led roadmap for global collaboration as part of Europlanet’s future development as both a Research Infrastructure and as a Society.

The Strategic Plan for Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure’s Global Collaboration andIntegration Development that represents the outcome of a dedicated effort to define how to expand and intensify the new relationship between Europlanet and African, but also between Europlanet and North and South American and Asian collaborators, will be presented.

 

 

Europlanet 2024 RI has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871149.
First Steps Towards a New Saturn Ionosphere Model Including Ring-Planet Coupling and Electrodynamics
Authors: Agiwal Omakshi , Moore Luke , Martinis Carlos , Mueller-Wodarg Ingo , Huba Joe
Published: September 2022

The Cassini Grand Finale revealed that there is still much that we do not understand about Saturn’s upper atmosphere. In-situ observations reveal highly complex coupling between the planetary atmosphere and rings and inter-hemispheric electrodynamic coupling at latitudes that are magnetically connected to the intra D-ring region in the magnetosphere. Current Saturn models are ill-suited to treating electrodynamics and ring-planet interactions at Saturn. Thus, we adapt SAMI, a well-known terrestrial ionosphere model that is flux-tube based and already includes electrodynamics, to Saturn, with the aim of using it in conjunction with existing Saturn models such as the STIM-GCM (Saturn Thermosphere Ionosphere Model) to decipher the long-standing unexplained morphologies in Saturn’s ionosphere and investigate the ring-atmosphere coupling and electrodynamics revealed by the Cassini end-of-mission data. We will present initial results having adapted SAMI to Saturn, showing the full extent of the atmospheric chemistry and model capabilities at present. We will discuss future directions of development towards the construction of the new model capable of resolving the complex ring-atmosphere coupling and electrodynamics, and the possibility of adapting this model to other planets.
Latest Update on NASA’s Planetary Defense Program
Authors: Daou Doris , Johnson Lindley , Fast Kelly
Published: September 2022

NASA and its partners maintain a watch for near-Earth objects (NEOs), asteroids and comets that pass within Earth’s vicinity, as part of an ongoing effort to discover, catalog, and characterize these bodies and to determine if any pose an impact threat. NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) is responsible for:

Ensuring the early detection of potentially hazardous objects (PHOs) – asteroids and comets whose orbits are predicted to bring them within 0.05 astronomical units of Earth's orbit; and of a size large enough to reach Earth’s surface – that is, greater than perhaps 30 to 50 meters;

Tracking and characterizing PHOs and issuing warnings about potential impacts;

Providing timely and accurate communications about PHOs; and

Performing as a lead coordination node in U.S. Government planning for response to an actual impact threat.

 

NASA’s current congressionally-mandated objective is to detect, track, and catalogue at least 90 percent of NEOs equal to or greater than 140 meters in size by 2020, and characterize the physical properties of a subset representative of the entire population. This mandate will likely not be met given current resources dedicated to the task; however significant progress is being made.

In this paper, we will report on the status of our program and the missions working to support our planetary defense coordination office. In addition, we will provide the latest detections and characterizations results. Our office continues to work diligently with our international partners to achieve our goals and continue to safeguard Earth with the latest technologies available.
Determining the physical processes that control thermal electron temperature profiles in the Mars ionosphere.
Authors: Turner Anna , Fowler Christopher , Andersson Laila
Published: September 2022

The thermal electron temperature, Te, is an important quantity in planetary ionospheres because many photochemical reaction rates depend on it. Te thus plays a role in driving ion composition, structure and dynamics. In addition, enhancements in Te with altitude have been shown to drive ambi-polar electric fields that can energize cold planetary ions and lead to ion escape to space.

 

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission acquires Te profiles on each orbit and as a result, a comprehensive data set exists that spans the full range of Mars local times, latitudes and solar zenith angles. We will determine which physical processes control the Te profile shapes and temperature values. In particular, we will focus on the “transition region” where Te values can rapidly increase from small values (<500 K) at lower altitudes, to larger values (>1000 K), over a relatively narrow altitude range. The suite of plasma instruments carried by MAVEN allows us to investigate the role of, for example, electron-neutral collisions, ion temperature, wave heating, etc. Understanding the physical processes that control the form of Te profiles will inform us of the mechanisms key to structuring the current day Mars ionosphere. Such understanding will also provide key insight needed for studies of ionospheric escape to space and long term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.