bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'excellence du portrait par Gian Lorenzo Bernini, ou la ressemblance à l'épreuve de l'idea
Authors: Bodart Diane H.
Published: June 2024

L'eccellenza del ritratto secondo Gian Lorenzo Bernini, o la somiglianza messa alla prova dall'idea.

In un'epoca in cui il ritratto era assai poco stimato dalle teorie artistiche perché considerato una forma di rappresentazione troppo dipendente dalle imperfezioni della natura e dunque sprovvista d'idea, Bernini fu uno dei più ferventi difensori della nobiltà di quest'arte, sia attraverso la sua attività grandemente ammirata di ritrattista, sia attraverso la sua riflessione su questo tema. Iscrivendo le sue considerazioni nell'ambito del paragone fra la pittura e la scultura, egli metteva in valore l'eccellenza del proprio talento che gli permetteva di pervenire, a dispetto della monocromia del marmo, a degli effetti di somiglianza e di vitalità comparabili a quelli ottenuti con il colore. Inoltre, fondandosi sulle teorie elaborate nei trattati del XVI secolo, Bernini dava una risposta precisa alla questione dell'integrazione del ritratto nella teoria generale delle arti. Egli dimostrò che era concretamente possibile rispettare allo stesso tempo la somiglianza e la bellezza conciliando la rappresentazione della fisionomia e la raffigurazione delle qualità interiori rese attraverso l'espressione de viso e il movimento del busto, giungendo così a rendere l'idea del personaggio.
L'essor d'un genre continental : portraits de famille dans les cours européennes, 1665-1780
Authors: Bordes Philippe
Published: June 2024

Lo sviluppo di un genere continentale : ritratti di famiglia nelle corti europee, 1665-1780

Il ritratto di famiglia s'impone con reticenza alla corte di Luigi XIV, mentre in Spagna suo nipote Filippo V e sua moglie Elisabetta Farnese danno un forte impulso a questo nuovo genere attraverso una committenza che traduce le ambizioni politiche nutrite dalla Farnese per i figli. Queste opere, cui si aggiungono un ritratto dipinto a Parma per uno dei suoi figli e un altro alla corte di Torino, forgiano nei limiti delle convenzioni un immaginario intimo e affettuoso. Se il molo d'Elisabetta Farnese è importante per spiegare lo sviluppo di questo genere negli anni 1730 e 1740, quello di Maria Teresa d'Austria appare in seguito determinante. Alcuni ritratti dipinti alle corti di Monaco e di Dresda rivelano il tono singolare delle realizzazioni Asburgo. La storia di questa produzione pittorica, sostenuta dalle alleanze diplomatiche sul continente, sembra relativamente autonoma rispetto allo sviluppo di questo genere in Inghilterra, invocata di solito come modello.
L'essor artistique et la fabrique culturelle du paysage à la Renaissance. Réflexions à propos de recherches récentes
Authors: Brunon Hervé
Published: June 2024

Das künstlerische Aufblühen und die kulturelle Erfindung der Landschaft in der Renaissance. Betrachtungen zu neueren Forschungen

Die Studien zur Landschaft haben sich seit Kurzem in den verschiedenen Disziplinen vervielfacht - zugunsten eines steigenden Interesses der Öffentlichkeit. Es empfiehlt sich, im Einzelnen die Rolle der Kunstgeschichte für das Ansteigen der Forschungen zu diesem Thema zu analysieren. Man bemerkt in jedem Fall, und vor allem in der englischsprachigen Literatur, ein immer größer werdendes Interesse an der Bedeutung der Landschaftsmalerei als soziale und kulturelle Produktion sowie auch an ihren ideologischen Implikationen. Die These von der Entdeckung der Landschaft in der Renaissance, die in Frankreich vor allem von Augustin Berque und Alain Roger verteidigt wird, muß in Frage gestellt werden. Sie stützt sich auf einige Postulate, die von der Historiographie des 19. Jahrhunderts, darunter Burckhardt, übenommen wurden, und geht von einer "Laisierung" der Natur aus, die die religiöse Dimension der Landschaft in der Malerei leugnet. Man müßte hingegen nach der Rolle der antiken Vorbilder für die künstlerische und kulturelle Entwicklung der Landschaftsmalerei in dieser Zeit fragen - entsprechend den verschiedenen Forschungsperspektiven, die hier aufgezeigt werden.
Les enjeux iconographiques et artistiques de la représentation de Lépante dans la culture italienne
Authors: Le Thiec Guy-François
Published: June 2024

La représentation de Lépante doit tout aux gravures et peintures italiennes qui, très vite, en fixèrent les traits. La victoire navale et son ordre de bataille constituèrent tout d'abord la difficulté. Les inventions picturales (Tintoret) permirent de renouveler ces représentations. Dès avant 1575, les schémas étaient presque fixés : mêlée sur mer et déjà interventions divines et allégoriques (Vasari). Les commanditaires institutionnels (Papauté, Sérénissime) renchérirent dans les interventions surnaturelles voire patriotiques (Véronèse). La Papauté (Grégoire XIII) investit l'iconographie d'une vocation politique et religieuse par la Sainte-Ligue et l'invocation du rôle de la Vierge du Rosaire. L'iconographie triomphale des chefs de la flotte acheva cette célébration.
La vita economica di Claude Lorrain. Conti bancari, investimenti in luoghi di monte e pagamenti inediti
Authors: Gozzano Natalia
Published: June 2024

La vie économique de Claude Lorrain. Comptes bancaires, investissements en mont-de-piété et paiements inédits.

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche sur la vie économique de Claude Lorrain, fondée sur l'analyse de ses dépôts bancaires et des investissements auprès des monts-de-piété. La documentation du Banco di Santo Spirito, déjà publiée dans Roma moderna e contemporanea (2005), est maintenant intégrée à celle du Mont-de-Piété ; de cette façon on est arrivé à reconstruire le cadre quasi-complet des finances de l'artiste. À partir de la moitié des années 1930, les comptes témoignent d'une richesse constamment et progressivement ascendante, touchant le chiffre maximum de 5 586 écus en 1676 ; parallèlement, les intérêts touchés pour les monts-de-piété se révèlent une source de revenus certaine et toujours montante, avec une moyenne annuelle supérieurs aux 148 écus. Du point de vue biographique, les grands livres confirment la générosité de Lorrain envers les proches dont les sources parlent, en précisant la résolution de son rapport avec Gio. Domenico Desideri. Trois nouveaux paiements au peintre ont finalement émergé des comptes du Mont-de-Piété : deux en 1639 - par Paolo Giordano Orsini et Angelo Giori, son commanditaire principal dans ces années - et, toujours par ordre de ce dernier, en 1642.
Les charmes de la chair peinte : Florence, XVIIe siècle
Authors: Couëtoux Sophie
Published: June 2024

Il fascino della came dipinta : Firenze, XVII secolo.

L'articolo analizza l'estetica dell'incarnato nella pittura fiorentina del Seicento. Tale approccio porta a riconsiderare il significato del termine morbidezza, attinente alla letteratura d'arte, divenuto cliché nell'ambito di questa pittura. Due gruppi di pittori si distinguono per i loro specifici effetti carnali : Francesco Furini (1603-1646) e i suoi seguaci, fine alla fine del secolo, da una parte ; Cesare Dandini (1596-1657) e Carlo Dolci (1616-1686), dall'altra. Alcune superbo della carne rappresentata, che sembrano emanare la dolcezza e la naturalezza di un neo riprodotto nella sua tinta e consistenza originale, si distinguono da altre epidermidi, così omogenee da sembrare superfici epurate da ogni increspatura. In questa doppia proposta risiede l'interesse manifestato per l'arte del Correggio e dei Veneziani, come per l'arte della Maniera.
Blason de la Vénus de Breuilhamenon : un tableau de Luca Penni au musée de Bourges
Authors: Cordellier Dominique
Published: June 2024

The emblem of the Venus of Breuilhamenon : a painting by Luca Penni in the musée de Bourges.

A painting depicting Venus and Cupid, kept in the musée du Berry in Bourges, is one of the most important works from the first school of Fontainebleau that has not yet been definitively attributed. It comes from the castle of Breuilhamenon, once owned by Guillaume Bochetel, secrétaire du Roi under Francis I. and Henry II. A humanist and translator of ancient languages, Bochetel also wrote poetry, whose amorous and erotic sentiment astutely echoes that expressed by the present painter. The latter, judging from the similarities between this work and both known and unpublished drawings as well as engravings bearing a clear invenit, could very well be Luca Penni, called "the Roman", one of the most notable Italian painters active in Fontainebleau and Paris between 1530 and 1557.
Cristoforo Spinola, un aristocrate génois à Paris de la fin du règne de Louis XV à la Terreur. Relations artistiques, diplomatie et brassage d'affaires entre Gênes et la France
Authors: Perrin Khelissa Anne
Published: June 2024

Cristoforo Spinola, un aristocratico genovese a Parigi dalla fine del regno di Luigi XV al Terrore.

Relazioni artistiche, diplomazia e affari tra Genova e la Francia

Cristoforo Spinola era conosciuto fino a oggi come ambasciatore della Repubblica di Genova a Parigi tra il 1772 e il 1792 e come proprietario di un palazzo in strada Nuova, dove Charles De Wailly effettua una celebre decorazione. La lettura di nuovi documenti, reperiti in archivi francesi e italiani, fa emergere in modo probante le sue qualità di committente, di collezionista e di intenditore, attestate dai molteplici investimenti da lui effettuati in Francia, come l'acquisto di manifatture, e dalla sua presenza a imprese da mecenatismo collettivo. Il percorso di Cristoforo Spinola si snoda attraverso ima rete di relazioni sociali che egli intesse tra Genova e Parigi ; il suo matrimonio con un'aristocratica francese ne è il catalizzatore. La storia del cantiere di palazzo del Sole, vista nell'ottica dei molteplici scambi artistici che esso implica e favorisce, costituisce uno strumento che serve a comprendere meglio i rapporti tra Genova e la Francia, le loro modalità ed interessi.
De la province de Normandie à la Ville Éternelle. Les élèves de l'École de dessin de Rouen à Rome au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Henry-Gobet Aude
Published: June 2024

Fidèle au modèle pédagogique appliqué à l'Académie royale de Peinture et Sculpture, Jean-Baptiste Descamps modélisa les concours de l'École de dessin de Rouen sur les Petits Prix de la célèbre institution et son enseignement spécifique du dessin sur la pose du modèle par les officiers du roi. La réussite de ses élèves et les appuis dont ils bénéficièrent à Paris soulignent l'efficacité du système d'entraide et de soutien socio-professionnel mis en place par un professeur qui aura rapidement la satisfaction de voir de jeunes artistes rouennais concourir pour le Grand Prix et devenir, le cas échéant, pensionnaire de l'Académie de France au palais Mancini. Et les promotions furent aussi rapides qu'inattendues, tant pour les seconds ou premiers prix (Étienne de La Vallée-Poussin, Guillaume Guillon Le Thiere, Louis-Gabriel Lemonnier) que pour ceux des élèves de l'École qui se rendirent à Rome par leurs propres moyens (James Nevay et William Mylne par exemple).
II cavaliere Girolamo Odam : erudizione e disegni di un arcade romano
Authors: Guerrieri Borsoi Maria Barbara
Published: June 2024

Le chevalier Girolamo Odam. Érudition et dessins d'un arcadien romain.

L'article présente l'activité de ce personnage éclectique, arcadien érudit et artiste pour son plaisir personnel, en esquissant les rapports qui lient Odam aux intellectuels et gentilshommes de son temps, rapports certainement favorisés par le travail qu'exerça Odam pour le cardinal chancelier Pietro Ottoboni. Il ne nous reste que peu de témoignages (résumés ici) concernant ses activités dans le domaine des arts 'majeurs', sa notoriété étant plutôt due aujourd'hui à ses dessins et ses gravures. La plupart des estampes analysées, essentiellement réalisées pour le milieu arcadien, ont été exécutées pour des érudits comptant parmi ses amis, mais les études modernes n'ont jamais attribué ces œuvres à Odam. Ce dernier fut également célèbre comme auteur de dessins d'une grande qualité formelle, réalisés pour des gravures reproduisant des répertoires antiques, en particulier des gemmes. Parmi les principaux interlocuteurs d'Odam, citons le Florentin Anton Francesco Gori avec lequel le chevalier a entretenu une correspondance, ici amplement citée, qui a permis d'analyser l'ornementation d'un texte très rare dédié à Piero Soderini.
Dionysisme, tempérance et épicurisme dans le camerino d'Alfonso d'Este
Authors: Morel Philippe
Published: June 2024

Dionysisches, Maßhaltung und Epikurismus im Camerino des Alfonso von Este.

Diese Studie hat die Gemäldekammer (camerino delle pitture) des Herzogs von Ferrara, Alfonso I. von Este, zum Thema, eine der berühmtesten Gemäldezusammenführungen der italienischen Renaissance, die man mit den Namen von Bellini, Raffael, Tizian und Dosso Dossi verknüpfen kann. Für diese zwischen 1512 und 1525 entstandene, auf einer invenzione des Humanisten Mario Equicola beruhende Zusammenstellung wurden bisher hauptsächlich zwei Deutungen vorgeschlagen : die erste sieht darin allein eine Steigerung der durch Wein und Liebe gespendeten Freuden, während die zweite gerade den sehr herausgearbeiteten literarischen (ekphrastischen) Charakter von Tizians Gemälden hervorhebt. Es ging darum, eher die ethische Dimension zum Vorschein zu bringen, die Equicolas invenzione prägt, zu zeigen, daß diese Bilder alle einer Sehensweise entspringen, die die Themen der Mafivaltung, der Fruchtbarkeit und des Glücks verbindet durch den maß vollen Genuß von Wein und die der philosophischen Richtung des Stoizismus und Epikurismus entspricht, welche sich in Italien vom 15. Jahrhundert an verstärkt hat.
How to Make an Image Work? The Presentation of Giorgione or Titian’s Miraculous Christ Carrying the Cross at the Scuola di San Rocco
Authors: Kessel Elsje van
Published: June 2024

Come far funzionare un’immagine ? La presentazione del miracoloso Cristo portacroce di Giorgione o di Tiziano alla Scuola di San Rocco ;

L’articolo vuole esaminare il rapporto tra il potere presunto delle immagini miracolose in età moderna e il modo in cui esse venivano presentate al pubblico. Mentre alcuni studi sulle immagini miracolose insistono sull’importanza della forma dell’immagine come fattore decisivo nella costruzione del loro potere, altre pongono l’accento sul ruolo svolto dal contesto sociale. Tuttavia, è proprio nella maniera in cui l’immagine viene presentata che queste due diverse prospettive si incontrano : la presentazione collega l’immagine al suo pubblico e viceversa. Questo saggio prende come esempio particolarmente significativo quello dell’immagine miracolosa del Cristo portacroce della Scuola di San Rocco a Venezia, per considerare quest’opera, oggi percepita dagli storici dell’arte e dai turisti innanzi tutto come “opera d’arte” e non come “opera che compie miracoli”, sotto un’altra luce, e analizzare i modi nonverbali della sua presentazione, che costituiscono il fondamento stesso di tali categorie.
Bernini’s Louis XIV, between Production and Display
Authors: Warwick Genevieve
Published: June 2024

Il Luigi XIV di Bernini tra produzione ed esposizione ;

Lo studio si propone di dimostrare come la produzione e la presentazione delle opere d’arte avvenga nel contesto culturale della loro creazione. Così, il busto di Bernini raffigurante Luigi XIV, che posò per l’artista nel corso di sedute pubbliche in presenza della corte, rimase esposto per tutto il tempo della sua realizzazione. È in tale contesto che si pose il problema della presentazione del busto dopo il suo compimento. Tra le varie proposte, figurava quella per un supporto dorato riccamente decorato e recante un’iscrizione. Sebbene tale soluzione non sia mai stata realizzata, la letteratura storico-artistica ha a lungo ritenuto che essa rappresentasse l’intenzione definitiva dell’artista ai fini della valorizzazione del suo busto, e se n’è appropriata per formulare una rigida lettura iconografica dell’opera. Questo studio mette a confronto le testimonianze sul progetto per il basamento e le effettive collocazioni del busto nei vent’anni compresi tra la realizzazione, nel 1665, e la sistemazione nel Salone di Diana a Versailles, nel 1684. In realtà, la questione dei primi anni della sua esposizione rimane aperta : il ritratto passò alle collezioni reali e fu quindi oggetto, per il suo valore simbolico e come altre opere d’arte di corte in quest’epoca, di diverse disposizioni, nella scenografia sempre mutevole della vita di corte.
Imago Beatae Mariae. Sur l’origine toscane des images d’affection religieuse en Petite-Pologne au crépuscule du Moyen Âge
Authors: Migdal Anna
Published: June 2024

Imago Beatae Mariae. Zum toskanischen Ursprung der Andachtsbilder in Kleinpolen im ausgehenden Mittelalter ;

Die Studien zur mittelalterlichen Malerei haben, was den europäischen Kontext angeht, die Frage der als Reliquienträger dienenden Marienbilder noch nie näher untersucht. Das Reliquienbild, handele es sich nun um eine Einzeltafel, ein Diptychon oder Triptychon mit der Darstellung von Maria mit dem Kind auf Holz, welche in einen breiten Rahmen mit eingelegten Reliquien eingelassen ist, erfuhr vor allem in Kleinpolen ab der zwanziger Jahre des 15. Jahrhunderts weite Verbreitung. Die Ausbreitung solcher, für den toskanischen Trecento typischer Reliquiare fand in Zentraleuropa im Kontext der Erneuerung der Frömmigkeit statt ; neben den spezifischen Bildern, die insbesondere während liturgischer und paraliturgischer Feierlichkeiten verehrt wurden, nahm die Anzahl weniger kostspieliger Reliquiare im Privatbereich immer mehr zu.
L’intervalle sacré
Authors: Longo Sara
Published: June 2024

Der Heilige Abstand. In seinem Einführungsvortrag von 1986 sowie danach in seinem Werk von 1999 hebt Daniel Arasse „eine Verbindung zwischen der Thematik der Verkündigung und dem Darstellungsmittel der Perspektive“ hervor. Diese These wird hier hinsichtlich eines particolare der Darstellung weitergeführt, nämlich eines Teilhabers an der Szene, des Heiligen Geistes, der in Form einer Taube auf Maria niederschwebt und die geheimnisvolle Empfängnis Jesu bewirkt. Seine Flugbahn ist in dieser Zeit der Erfindung der Perspektive der Raum einer ganz besonderen „theologisch-bildlichen“ Sinngebung, dies bei bestimmten Malern, die die Unmöglichkeit problematisieren, das Göttliche in eine der „costruzione legittima“ unterworfene Komposition einzubeziehen. Die These von Arasse der Unvereinbarkeit der Perspektive von Alberti mit der Darstellung des Zeitpunkts der Menschwerdung Gottes aufgreifend, bemerkt die Autorin, dass der Maler in bestimmten Fällen die Grenzen der Darstellbarkeit der Verkündigung hinterfragt und erstaunliche räumliche Spannungen zwischen der Flugbahn der Taube und dem Erzählungsort der historia schafft.
La «religion de la beauté». Regards sur l’Annonciation en Angleterre au siècle de Victoria
Authors: Lassus Saint-Geniès Gabrielle de
Published: June 2024

La "religione della bellezza". Sguardi sull'Annunciazione in Inghilterra nel secolo di Vittoria.

L'arte inglese dell'Ottocento è caratterizzata da una riforma iconografica sinora sottovalutata, volta al ritorno dell'immagine mariana. Il mistero dell'Annunciazione, esaminato da John Henry Newman, ammirato da John Ruskin, reinterpretato dal movimento neogotico, viene rappresentato anche dai Preraffaelliti. Portatore dei valori di purezza, bellezza e santità evidenti nell'arte del Quattrocento, il tema della Salutazione angelica consente all'epoca vittoriana di mantenere il senso del sacro in un'epoca sempre più razionalista. Apparentemente, l'Inghilterra non aveva mai associato in modo così originale meditazione teologica e meditazione estetica.
Guillaume Guillon Lethière’s Homer Singing the Iliad Outside the Gates of Athens (1814): A French Neoclassical History Painting’s Journey from Rome to Nottingham
Authors: Alfrey Nicholas , Wrigley Richard
Published: June 2024

Homer singt die llias vor den Toren Athens (1814) von Guillaume Guillon Lethière : die Reise von Rom nach Nottingham eines französischen neoklassizistischen Historiengemäldes.

In diesem Artikel wird eine Fallstudie eines au ergewöhnlichen Phänomens unternommen : die Ankunft französischer neoklassizistischer Gemälde in die britischen Sammlungen nach der französischen Revolution. Es wird der Weg des Gemäldes Homer singt die llias vor den Toren Athens (1814) von Guillaume Guillon Lethière von Rom aus, wo es gemalt wurde, bis zu seiner Ausstellung in London und seinem derzeitigen Standort, dem Castle Museum in Nottingham, nachvollzogen. Sein Thema wird im Kontext der Laufbahn von Lethière und der Darstellungen von Homer zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts untersucht. Der Artikel beleuchtet ebenfalls die Umstände der Ausstellung in London und den wahrscheinlichen Weg des Gemäldes von Rom bis in eine englische Sammlung.
1. Michele Lazzaroni (1863-1934), tra contraffazione e restauro
Authors: Sambo Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

A Fake Renaissance ?

Research on the history of the art market and collecting in the 18th and 19th century often evoke, albeit until now in passing, the singular figure of an amateur dealer : Baron Michele Angelo Lazzaroni (1863-1934). These essays explore the dealing and collecting activities of Michele Lazzaroni, a great mind and financier at the time of the Italian unification.

I. Michele Lazzaroni, between Counterfeiting and Restauration

The first essay uses hitherto unpublished documents to shed light on Baron Lazzaroni’s activities as a dealer, carried out, often shamelessly, between Rome, Paris and Nice. In order to feed continuously the high demand – coming in particular from the American art market – for Italian “masterpieces” of the High Renaissance, he regularly had damaged or inferior works extensively over painted to create works of art in a Renaissance style that was as showy as it was implausible. These could in fact be called authentic fakes.

II. Baron Michele Lazzaroni and Sculpture.

Through the review of the unpublished correspondence with Adolfo Venturi and the discovery of a series of contemporary photographs, this essay sheds light on the strategies and cautious literary manoeuvres that aimed to consolidate Michele Lazzaroni’s status on the global art market. By disseminating works of art presented as authentic, whether presumed so or counterfeit, the Baron managed to position them on the market by endowing them with the aura of potential Renaissance masterpieces. With this in mind, it is interesting to examine Lazzaroni’s keen interest in sculpture and reconstruct the history of a few examples that once formed part of his collection, such as the Bust of the Emperor Palaeologus attributed to Filarete.
Au commencement était la fin. Retour sur la chapelle Chigi de Santa Maria del Popolo à Rome
Authors: Métral Florian
Published: June 2024

Rückkehr zur Kappelle der Chigi in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rom.

Mittels einer neuartigen Studie des Zyklus der Genesis von Francesco Salviati (1552-1554) in der Kappelle der Chigi in der Kirche Santa Maria del Popolo in Rom möchte dieser Artikel auf die Interpretation der Dekorationen wie sie von John Shearman 1961 formuliert worden war, zurückkommen : über eine bildbezogene Lesart, welche die allgemein gültige Funktionalität von Ausschmückung und deren materielle Bedingungen der Sichtbarkeit berücksichtigt, zeigt er auf, wie die Kappelle der Chigi um eine Idee der Meditation über das Werk der Erschaffung der Welt kreist, wo die Aspekte von irdisch und himmlisch, vergänglich und ewig und real und fantastisch nebeneinander stehen. So passt sich die Kappelle im weiteren Sinne in die theologischen Debatten über die Entstehung der Welt ein, die das Rom des 16. Jahrhunderts lebhaft beschäftigen und zum Objekt der Reflexion werden über die Möglichkeiten, antike Kunstformen wieder aufleben zu lassen, so wie es auch Raffaello verstand.
L’artiste comme figure romantique. Un exemple de processus de mythification de l’école vénitienne en France au XIXe siècle
Authors: Jolivet Anna
Published: June 2024

Der Künstler als romantische Figur. Ein Beispiel zur Mystifizierung der Venezianischen Schule im Frankreich des 19. Jahrhunderts

Im 19. Jahrhundert in Frankreich werden die venezianische und die romantische Malerei als zwei unterschiedliche Gegenformen zur klassizistischen Tradition betrachtet. Die kunsthistorischen Schriften schildern dabei häufig die venezianische Malerei als Inspirationsquelle für die romantische. Aber dieses Verhältnis in der ästhetischen Ordnung erweitert sich ebenso auf eine moralische Abstufung, in der Venezianer wie Giorgione oder Tintoretto auch als romantische Figuren betrachtet werden. Diese Auffassung gehört einem wissenschaftlichen Verständnis der Kunstgeschichte an, welches die Ursachen der Kunst in der Psychologie des Künstlers sucht. Gleichermaßen passt es aber auch in eine typisch romantische Sichtweise, bei der vielmehr die Attitüde des Künstlers als sein Werk das ausmacht, weshalb er als Romantiker definiert wird.
Variations européennes autour des gravures de modes parisiennes. Commerce, copies et adaptations d’images d’habits sous le règne du Roi-Soleil
Authors: Cugy Pascale
Published: June 2024

Cette étude dresse un premier état des lieux de la circulation européenne des gravures de mode élaborées dans la capitale du royaume de France sous le règne de Louis XIV, ainsi que des diverses appropriations qui en résultèrent, notamment en Italie, en Allemagne et en Hollande, entre la fin du XVII e et le début du xviii e siècles. Diffusées via les réseaux du colportage par les marchands parisiens, les estampes ayant pour sujet la mode de la Cour ont fait l’objet d’un vaste commerce, dont le succès engendra des mouvements de copies et reprises dans divers territoires ; ces créations d’après les planches de la rue Saint-Jacques témoignent toutefois moins d’un véritable intérêt envers l’évolution des modes françaises que ces images sont censées refléter que de la séduction opérée par leur formule, à la fois charmante et stéréotypée, facile à adapter et capable de supporter de nombreux discours différents.
Collective Nouns and Reciprocal Anaphors: A Study on Tunisian Arabic
Authors: Dhifallah Amira
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to investigate the compatibility of singular collective nouns and reciprocal anaphors in Tunisian Arabic. I hypothesize that while singular collective nouns in this Arabic variety are compatible with both singular and plural reciprocal anaphors, agreement in number between the anaphor and the verb is imperative, disallowing instances of mismatch in agreement patterns. These hypotheses were tested through a language questionnaire designed for Tunisian Arabic native speakers to investigate the compatibility of reciprocal anaphors with singular collective nouns in different agreement patterns. Analysis of the questionnaire responses supports the conclusion that a singular collective noun can be the antecedent of both singular and plural reciprocal anaphors, contingent upon the reciprocal anaphor agreeing in number with the verb preceding it.
Ethical Attitude of the Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera (GMIH) Towards the 2024 Political Year in North Halmahera
Authors: F. Dalensang Ramelia
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the ethical attitude of the Church to prevent the impact of election differences in political moments and to be involved in practical politics. This study employs a qualitative methodology utilizing a descriptive-analytic approach. According to the study's findings, the process of familiarizing the congregation with politics has been ongoing for a considerable period in the Evangelical Christian Church in Halmahera (GMIH) in North Maluku. However, the issue is that this socialization effort has yet to be successfully implemented among all congregation members. Another research finding about the Church's engagement in practical politics is that GMIH abstains from engaging in practical politics. The Church aims to foster a comprehensive comprehension of politics. It encourages all congregation members to exercise their rights to vote and run for office in the upcoming 2024 regional elections.
 
Keywords: Church, Ethical Attitude, Politic.
 
Abstrak: Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sikap etis Gereja untuk mencegah dampak perbedaan pemilihan dalam momen politik dan dapat terlibat dalam politik praktis. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Berdasakan hasil penelitian, proses sosialiasi kepada jemat untuk memberikan pemahaman yang baik kepada jemat tentang politik, telah di lakukan sejak lama kepada jemaat, namun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah bahwa kegiatan sosialisasi ini belum dapat di laksanakan ke seluruh jemaat Gereja Masehi Injili di Halmahera (GMIH) yang ada di Maluku Utara. Hasil penelitian yang lain terkait keterlibatan Gereja dengan politik praktis adalah GMIH tidak terlibat dalam politik praktis. Gereja hadir untuk memberikan untuk memberikan pemahaman politik yang baik, dan mengajak seluruh jemat untuk memberikan haknya baik untuk memilih dan dipilih pada pemilu maupun pemilukada tahun 2024.
 
Kata Kunci: Gereja, sikap etis, politik.
Extensible Data Storage And Presentation Technology For An Ophthalmology Electronic Patient Record
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Heinrichs Markus
Published: June 2024

The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) is a central element of practice systems used in ophthalmology. It acts as a repository for multi-media patient care data as well as billing information, serving healthcare providers and ultimately their patients. The aim of this thesis is to create both a data structure and a flexible on-screen representation of an EPR for an ophthalmology practice, and to provide an XML-based experimental prototype as a “proof of concept” which could ultimately be used as an replacement for an existing DOS- based solution. The medical background and requirements for this system will be described. The state-of-the-art in EPRs, in particular XJVIL-based EPRs, and an existing legacy DOS-based application will be analysed as to how it addresses the data storage and presentation requirements of an EPR for ophthalmologists. An implementation with a relational database and a GUI-based user interface will be investigated, and the advantages and disadvantages reviewed. The promising features of markup languages such as the Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML) and the Extensible Markup Language (XML), together with related tools, will also be investigated, and their usability for an EPR assessed. Finally, a prototype will be implemented as a “proof of concept” and tested with real data.
An Enzymatic Method For The Measurement Of Magnesium
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Murphy Joseph
Published: June 2024

"Magnesium is quantitatively the most important intracellular divalent cation (4), and has been found to serve in a wide range of enzymatic reactions (2). Studies have shown that up to ten percent of hospital patients may have hypomagnesaemia (6). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) under highly specified conditions is the de facto reference method for magnesium measurement but only about ten per cent of laboratories routinely use this method (4). This is because AAS is time-consuming, requires specialised equipment and a certain level of expertise, and may be hazardous due to the use of inflammable gases. Colourimetric methods e.g. calmagite are the most commonly used methods for magnesium measurement in the clinical laboratory. These depend on selective binding of magnesium with a number of metallochromic indicators. However, the specificity of these is disputed (4). Enzymatic methods offer the advantage of specificity with the convenience of automation on a clinical analyser. The pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) method for the measurement of magnesium was optimised and automated for use on the Olympus AU640 clinical analyser. The method demonstrated a clear correlation with the calmagite method, r = 0.9876. Analytical recovery and comparison with external quality control results were excellent. Sensitivity (detection limit = 0.033 mmol/l) and analytical range (up to 3.2 mmol/l) were evaluated. The method was free from interference by calcium and lithium. Manganese (at ten times the normal serum level) and lipaemia (up to 8 g/l) showed no interference. A CV of 1.7% was found for intra-run precision. A CV of between three and four percent was obtained for inter-batch precision when the reagents were kept on-board the analyser for five days without recalibration. In practice the stability of working reagent one was found to be three days."
The Investigation Of Rna Viruses Using The Atomic Force Microscope
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Moloney Michelle
Published: June 2024

"The subject of viral entry into, and subsequent progeny virus egress, from cultured cells, has been extensively studied using numerous scientific techniques in fields ranging from cell culture to biochemistry to microscopy. The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a novel, developing instrument with unprecedented capabilities and this study was undertaken to observe enveloped Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and non-enveloped Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) entry into and egress from cultured cells using the AFM. Virus particle structure of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses was also directly examined. Cytopathic effect studies revealed that TMEV's are unable to produce progeny viruses in AT3Neo cells. AFM analysis of TMEV entry into AT3Neo cells revealed that the viruses are capable of infecting AT3Neo cells. These results indicate a post-entry block in the TMEV replication cycle in AT3Neo cells. AFM analysis of the egress of progeny viruses from cultured cells demonstrated that virally induced cytopathic effects can be visualised with the AFM. No consistent effects on cell viscoelasticity were observed during viral entry into and progeny virus egress from cultured cells. AFM analysis of virus particles demonstrated that antibody-coated (anti-capsid antibody and anti-envelope antibody) wafers are an effective means for the immobilisation of both enveloped and non-enveloped virus particles. Virus particles were successfully imaged and in all cases the virus particles appeared to collapse when they were immobilised."
Servo Response And Modelling Issues In Generalised Predictive Control
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Griffin Ben
Published: June 2024

"One of the more popular control strategies, of late, is the Generalised Predictive Controller (GPC). It has received widespread dissemination in academia and numerous successful applications in industry testify to its usefulness. Its popularity partly stems from its superiority to its predecessors, e.g. the generalised minimum variance and pole-placement controllers, but also from the GPC ‘tuning knobs’, which have simple time-domain interpretations and extremely robust default settings. However, despite the widespread interest, there would appear to be some issues relating to the specification of the closed-loop serv^o response that have not been covered in any great detail in the GPC literature. This thesis attempts to redress this deficiency. Existing tuning strategies are presented and analysed and modifications proposed where appropriate. However the issue of programmed control (relating to setpoint sequences that are known a priori) as well as the use of a setpoint prefilter to generate the future reference trajectory is not covered in any detail m the GPC literature. These two techniques are implemented and critically examined in this thesis. It is shown that an improved response can be achieved when controlling non-minimum phase (NMP) inverse response processes using programmed control. An analytical expression for the servo transfer function when using a setpoint prefilter is derived and its superior model following abilities are demonstrated. In order to achieve high performance tracking of the desired trajectory an accurate model of the process is required. Modelling procedures, based on the closed-loop step response, are proposed with the intention of reducing test times for plants with vary large time constants and for the identification of second order plants with little or no overshoot. Plant model identification in closed-loop is necessary in some cases, can prove to be advantageous in other cases and is necessary in indirect adaptive control. The recently developed closed-loop output error recursive parameter estimation algorithm is critically analysed and some unexpected behaviour is reported on. For plants with time varying and non-linear behaviour a fixed robust controller may be unable to produce the desired servo performance. In such cases an adaptive solution is required. In this thesis three such adaptive techniques are compared: adaptive control, adaptive tracking with (fixed) robust regulation and multiple model control. A novel feature in the multiple model case is the use of a GPC controller kernel."
Business Success In Small And Medium Sized Enterprises Through The Implementation Of The Techniques Of World Class Business And Benchmarking
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Ó Liatháin Dónal
Published: June 2024

‘ Europe is losing its competitiveness ‘ was the underlying message in the Tanaiste’s, Ms Mary Harney, opening address, at the 3^^ annual Benchmarking Conference held in the O’Reilly Hall, Dublin, on the 28^^ of February 2001. According to the latest figures from the European Commission, the European GDP lags its Japanese and American rivals by 17% and 33% respectively. Small and medium sized enterprises provide over 66% of the European Community employment and 65% of the turnover, which indicate the vital role played by small and medium sized enterprises in Europe’s economy. The objective of this thesis was to ascertain whether or not improved competitiveness and business success could be achieved in SMEs through the implementation of the techniques of World Class Business and Benchmarking. The research element of the thesis was recorded from two pilot projects conducted in Ireland, namely the World Class Rural Cluster project and the Innovative Management Techniques-World Class Business project. These projects examined the implementation of the techniques of World Class Business and Benchmarking in SMEs over a two-year period. The author of this thesis examines the results of these projects in addition to conducting a thorough literature review and analysing comparable national and international data. Finally, the author concludes that indeed business success and improved competitiveness can be achieved in SMEs through the formal application in an appropriate way for SMEs of the techniques of World Class Business and Benchmarking.
Uniform Random Number Generation Using Pseudorandom Binary Sequences
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Rea Susan
Published: June 2024

"Random numbers have conventionally been used in a range of applications such as numerical analysis, lotteries and computer simulation and as cryptographic keys. The algorithms used for the production of random numbers are termed pseudorandom, as the numbers produced are not truly random as they emanate from a deterministic periodic source that is they are predictable if a subset of the sequence is known. However, for most applications these pseudorandom number sources are entirely suitable. For cryptographic key sources, however, the random number sequences must be statistically good and difficult to predict. Linear feedback shift registers are presented in this thesis as random number generators that are based on pseudorandom binary sequences. The initial generator discussed comprises of a single stage maximal length shift register whose randomness attributes are investigated by examination of its autocorrelation function. This topology is extended to a dual geared form that employs two linear feedback shift registers combined so as to produce a compound non-maximal length sequences with enhanced statistical properties. Following from this Gold and Kasami sequences are investigated as possible dual geared random number generators due to their bounded low value cross correlation functions. The dual geared structure enhances the randomness characteristics of the number streams produced and uses delayed versions of the combined generator output sequence as tap points in the random number creation so as to spread the taps over the entire register sequence length rather than the physically available register stages. The auotcorrelation function of the resultant random number stream approaches that of white noise and indicates the uniformity of the numbers produced. The statistical quality of the random number sequences produced is gauged using a set of standard statistical tests for randomness. Generators that pass these tests may be considered as adequate key sources for cryptographic applications where data security is a concern."
Evaluasi Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang
Authors: Jumadil Dwi Zulstra  , Dianti Muthia Rahma , Susanti Elva , Rahim Hamidah
Published: June 2024

This research aims to find out how much influence the factors of product quality, price and service quality have on consumer repurchase decisions at Bakinco Resto Payakumbuh. The research method uses causative descriptive analysis. The sampling technique used Nonprobability Sampling with a sample size of 100 people by distributing questionnaires. The technique used to analyze this data by the t-test, F test, determination test and path analysis using SPSS version 22. The research results were concluded simultaneously through the F test that product quality, price and service quality have a positive and significant effect on consumer repurchase decisions. In other words, Bakinco Resto Payakumbuh consumer satisfaction is influenced by product quality, price and service quality. The results of the path analysis show that the exogenous variables product quality (X1), price (X2) and service quality (X3) have a significant effect with a sig level < 0.05 on repurchase decisions at Bakinco restaurants. Researchers suggest that product quality and price variables need to be considered because by maintaining the quality and price of food products in accordance with consumer desires, consumers can make repeat purchases at Bakinco restaurants. Furthermore, the service quality variable needs to be improved further by increasing service speed, facilitating communication with customers and personalizing service so as to create strong engagement between restaurants and consumers.
Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Service Quality, Consumer Repurchase Decisions
ANALISIS AKUNTABILITAS BELANJA HIBAH PADA PEMERINTAH PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Barus Khairani Br , Nasution Juliana
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the accountability of grant spending to the Provincial Government of North Sumatra. This research is a qualitative research with an exploratory approach. The data used in this study were obtained by interviewing and documentation studies. It was concluded that from the six grant expenditure management processes, there is a process that every year experiences an obstacle, namely the reporting and accountability processes. These obstacles are (1) compliance, (2) the implementation of grant spending which takes a long time because it has to go through several stages, (3) the competence of human resources in the accountability and reporting process. Then communication and information must run well between the grant management and the grant recipients to achieve better accountability for grant spending. Socialization related to grant spending regulations also needs to be improved. Various efforts have been made to create accountability for grant spending in North Sumatra Province, among others, by providing the required report formats to make it easier for grantees and simplify the audit process.
Keywords: Accountability, Grant Spending, Provincial Government
 
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa akuntabilitas belanja hibah pada Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara dan studi dokumentasi disimpulkan dari keenam proses pengelolaan belanja hibah, terdapat proses yang setiap tahun mengalami sebuah kendala yaitu proses pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban. Kendala-kendala tersebut adalah (1) kepatuhan, (2) pelaksanaan belanja hibah yang memerlukan waktu yang lama karena harus melewati beberapa tahapan, (3) kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam proses pertanggungjawaban dan pelaporan. Kemudian komunikasi dan informasi harus berjalan dengan baik antara pihak pengelola hibah dengan pihak penerima hibah untuk mewujudkan akuntabilitas belanja hibah yang lebih baik. Sosialisasi terkait peraturan-peraturan belanja hibah juga perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menciptakan akuntabilitas belanja hibah pada Provinsi Sumatera Utara antara lain yaitu menyediakan format-format laporan yang dibutuhkan untuk mempermudah para penerima hibah dan mempermudah proses pemeriksaan. 
Kata Kunci: Akuntabilitas, Belanja Hibah, Pemerintah Provinsi
ANALISIS COMMON SIZE DALAM MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT INDOFOOD SUKSESMAKMUR TBK PERIODE (2019-2020)
Authors: Zidane Padillah Ahmad , Sulistyo Hari
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
In knowing the company's financial performance, a tool called a report is needed. This study aims to assess the financial performance of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur in the 2019-2020 period by applying the general size analysis method related to the components of the balance sheet and income statement for 2019-2020. The method used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data of this research were collected by using the company's financial documentation method which obtained a report from the website www.idx.id. The results of the research for operations from the balance sheet, the results obtained indicate that all accounts in the asset account have decreased in 2020. The reasons include the occurrence of the covid 19 pandemic which causes companies to carry out their activities. Furthermore, the results of the study also show that in obtaining assets, the company allocates funds from capital and most of it comes from debt (liabilities) which will result in heavy burdens for the company and low creditor safety margins. Then when viewed from the income statement, it was found that in obtaining net income, the company was able to increase the component of the net profit account from the previous year, thus the company's financial performance was good enough, causing the company's profitability to increase.
Keywords : Balance Sheet, Financial Statement, Financial Performance, Common Size, Income Statement
 
ABSTRAK
Dalam mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan diperlukan sebuah alat yang disebut laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kinerja keuangan PT Indofood Sukses Makmur pada periode 2019- 2020 dengan menerapkan metode analisis common size yang perhitungannya berkaitan dengan komponen neraca dan laporan laba rugi tahun 2019-2020. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi perusahaan yang memperoleh laporan keuangan dari situs www.idx.id . Hasil penelitian membuktikan jika ditinjau dari neraca , hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semua akun yang ada di pos aktiva mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2020. Penyebabnya antara lain terjadinya pandemi covid 19 yang menyebabkan perusahaan harus menutupi kegiatan operasionalnya. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa dalam memperoleh aktiva, perusahaan mengalokasikan dananya dari modal dan sebagian besar lagi berasal dari utang (liabilitas) yang akan mengakibatkan perusahaan menanggung beban berat dan margin of safety kreditur yang rendah. Kemudian jika dilihat dari laporan laba rugi, diperoleh bahwa dalam memperoleh laba bersih, perusahaan mampu meningkatkan komponen akun laba bersih dari tahun sebelumnya, dengan demikian kinerja keuangan perusahaan sudah cukup baik sehingga menyebabkan rentabilitas perusahaan yang meningkat.
Kata Kunci : Neraca, Laporan Keuangan, Kinerja Keuangan, Common Size, Laporan Laba Rugi