bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ayushman Bharat Yojana: a memorable health initiative for Indians
Authors: Dhaka Rohit , Verma Ramesh , Agrawal Ginni , Kumar Gopal
Published: July 2018

India in a state of epidemiological health transition i.e shifting from communicable to non-communicable diseases. The annually 3.2% Indians falling below the poverty line and three forth Indians spending their entire income on health care and purchasing drugs. The government of India announced a Ayushman Bharat Yojana- National Health Protection Scheme (AB-NHPM) in the year 2018.  The aim of this programme is to providing a service to create a healthy, capable and content new India and two goals are to creating a network of health and wellness infrastructure across the nation to deliver comprehensive primary healthcare services and to provide health insurance cover to at least 40% of India's population which is deprived of secondary and tertiary care services. This Yojana will be implemented through Health and Wellness Centres that are to be developed in the primary health centre or sub-centre in the village and that will provide preventive, promotive, and curative care for non-communicable diseases, dental, mental, geriatric care, palliative care, etc. These centres would be equipped with basic medical tests for hypertension, diabetic and cancer and they are connected to the district hospital for advanced tele-medical consultations. The government has aims to set up 1,50,000 health and wellness centres across the country by the year 2022.
The relationship between personality type and the academic achievement of medical students in a Saudi medical school
Authors: Alshehri Khalid A. , Alshamrani Hussein M. , Alharbi Ahmed A. , Alshehri Hisham Z. , Enani Maryam Z. , T. Alghamdi Mohannad , Alqulyti Waleed M. , Hassanien Mohammed A.
Published: July 2018

Background: The significance of understanding one’s individual personality is crucial to performance in study and at work and to one’s communication with others. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of personality types amongst medical students and to study the relationship between each personality type and academic achievement.Methods: This cross-sectional study was used. Total of 414 medical students from king Abdelaziz university in Jeddah participated. Data was collected by using validated DiSC assessment questionnaire. Data were entered by electronic questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 148 (36%) students belonged to C personality type. A total of 102 (24%) belonged to D type. The S type was found dominant amongst 127 (31%) students. Finally, 37 (9%) of the students conformed to the I type. A chi-square test was conducted to assess the relationship between academic achievement and DiSC assessment which revealed no significance P value (0.08).Conclusions: The highest percentage of medical students conformed to the C personality type, whilst the lowest percentage showed a tendency toward the I personality type. These results would be helpful for the undergraduate students or high school graduate in which some of them may have the belief that only certain kind of personalities would fit appropriate in the medical field or succeed. We recommend for further studies to be carried out using the DiSC model on students from other specialty rather than medical filed, as engineering, to see their personality type. This may help students in freshman year to choose a specialty that suit their personality type.
Cultural, social and demographic determinants of seeking family planning knowledge, and practice among a Sudanese community
Authors: Abdulmageed Samia S. , Elnimeri Mustafa Khidir
Published: July 2018

Background: About 214 million women in the reproductive age in the developing countries who need to prevent and plan for their pregnancy are not using methods of modern contraceptives. The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic and cultural elements that inform the health-seeking behavior towards family planning among Sudanese women in Sharq-Alneel locality in the Sudan-Africa. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify individuals within Sudanese families, who predominantly interfered with the decision of the women in using of contraceptives for family planning.Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was conducted in September-2017 to February-2018 using structured questionnaire to 576 Sudanese women age of 15-49 years from 4 administrative units. A multistage cluster sampling technique was adopted. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the results using SPSS version 22.Results: Women respondents were (57.1%), and (42.9%) from rural and urban areas respectively. Women (89.3%) of respondents were married for more than five years. A 381 (66%) women respondents were not using contraception at the time of the study. Women in rural areas were 0.9 less likely to obtain information from other sources than from PHC. There was significant association (p<0.001) between women’s educational level and awareness about contraception.Conclusions: Women use of contraception in Sharq-Alneel was low. Barrier to contraception use for majority of women was that they believe their healths are at risk for using modern contraceptives. There was also high prevalence of respondents’ husbands refused the use of contraceptives.
Mobile use, stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression in the medical profession: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vasanthakumaran Tamilarasy
Published: July 2018

Background: With the use of mobile phones increasing in the current generation, it is vital to analyze its negative effects on both mental and physical health.Methods: A questionnaire was given to 120 participants both studying and working in the medical profession. Assessment of the correlation between the use of their mobile device and health was made with mobile phone variables and mental health outcomes (including sleep disturbance, stress and depression). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were the scales use to assess these correlations.Results: Results showed a correlation between the hours of use on mobile devices and health aspects. Among the study population, 89.1% owned a single mobile device and 10.9% owned more than one mobile phone. Daily use among these individuals varied from 30 minutes to over 5 hours of use per day. Features used on mobile phones were most commonly communication (94.1%), Internet (92.4%) and social media (90.8%).Conclusions: Statistically significant correlation is seen between mobile phone usage and stress, sleep disturbance and symptoms of depression.
An epidemiological study of road traffic accidents among patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry
Authors: T. Muthukumar , Singh Zile , Prasad R. Vishnu , Samuel Abel K. , T. K. Raja
Published: July 2018

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the only public health problem for which society and decision makers still accept death and disability among young people on a large scale. This study was undertaken to determine the various epidemiological factors influencing RTA with a view to suggest appropriate remedial measures for prevention of accidents.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. All the patients admitted in the hospital due to RTA from Jan to Dec 2014 were interviewed by using a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Institute ethics committee clearance was obtained.Results: Among 541 participants, 50% of the victims were in the productive age group of 20-40 yrs. The approximate speed of majority of the vehicles (55.6%) at the time of accident was 40-80 km/hr. Among the accident victims, 85.8% of the two wheeler riders did not use helmet and 70.9% of the car drivers did not wear seat belt at the time of accident. Around 39% of the drivers were under the influence of alcohol at the time of accident. Mobile phone is the major cause of distraction (51.9%) at the time of accident.Conclusions: Based on this study it is evident that prevention and control of most of the modifiable factors can bring about a change in the statistics that would ensure our future to be safer.
A cross sectional survey to analyze infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of Chottanikkara Panchayat
Authors: K. T. Subhadra
Published: July 2018

Background: This study was carried out to assess the practices of young mothers related to Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) in Chottanikkara Grama Panchayat.Methods: All mothers of infants and children upto 5 years in Chottanikkara Grama Panchayat who were registered under the Integrated Child development Services (ICDS) program for services were interviewed based on self-prepared questionnaire based on National guidelines for IYCF by Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP).Results: 277 ladies were interviewed. Of this 50% of ladies had undergone caesarean delivery. 60.7% of children had received prelacteals. Only less than 30% of infants had been given breast milk within one hour after delivery. 50% of the ladies exclusively breast fed their babies only below a period of four months. Around 50% of ladies started complementary feeding of child on 6th month of age, whereas around 30% started complementary feeding before 6 months and 20% started complementary feeding only after 6 months of age. 78.6% of ladies continued breast feeding till 2 years after delivery.Conclusions: The studied population was a small population who had used services of the anganwadi and ASHA workers. But there are many who are not properly utilizing these services. In both rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in the urban areas to protect extended breast feeding.
Hypertension and other morbidities among a rural geriatric population of North Kerala
Authors: Jacob Sabitha Rose , Kannan Suthanthira
Published: July 2018

Background: Ageing is a universal phenomenon characterized by an increase in morbidity, multi morbidity and increased healthcare and social demands. An awareness of common morbidities is essential for planning the health care services for elder people. Objectives of the study were to identify reported morbidities and measure hypertension of a rural geriatric population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study and estimation of BP was done.Results: Study population included 403 elderly with majority (56.3%) in 60-70 age group and 66.5% females. Among them 38.7% has lost spouses and 4% were staying alone. Illiterate were 22.8% and 46.9% had no income. Any one type of chronic morbidity was reported by 79.7% (n=321) 95%CI (75.83, 83.63) of the population and it was higher among females (82.5%). More than one morbidity was reported by 44.4% of population. Reported morbidities were hypertension (35.7%) and diabetes (23%) similar in both genders, joint symptoms (19.4%) higher in females, breathlessness (9.6%), known ischemic heart disease (7.6% ) and cerebro vascular attacks (6.5%) cancer (1.1%) higher in males venous diseases (3%) and mental illness (1%). As per BMI 19.6% were undernourished and 18.8% were overweight. Hypertension was newly detected for 130 (32.7%) persons thus making total prevalence 68.4%.Half of known hyper tensives were on regular treatment. Physical disability was present for 31(7.6%) and severe visual disability for 14%.Conclusions: Morbidity is high among rural geriatric population, hypertension being commonest with half untreated and an equal proportion being undetected. There is urgent need for intensifying regular screening programmes among this group.
Study of proportion and pattern of adverse drug events among patients coming to health centers in urban and rural areas
Authors: Tarun Teja P. B. , Ramraj Balaji
Published: July 2018

Background: Adverse drug events (ADE) are rated as the fifth leading cause of death among all diseases. Approximately 5-8% of all hospitalization worldwide is due to ADE. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the pattern of Adverse Drug events in patients coming to urban and rural health care centres, their manifestations and severity.Methods: The study type useful in this study was cross sectional study. This method is helpful to find the exact duration of occurrence of ADE after administration of drug and to know what kind of adverse event patient is suffering from.Results: There are many studies done in peripheral health care centres regarding ADE in India. In our study, out of 250 patients, 125 were from urban and 125 were from rural. Among the 125 patients from urban 3.2% (4 cases) adverse drug events- reported. Among the 125 patients from rural 4% (5 cases)adverse drug events- reported.Conclusions: This study provides a baseline idea about the knowledge and perception toward ADEs among patients visiting an outpatient department at urban and rural hospital in India. Respondents were unaware about the process of reporting ADEs, reporting by the consumers, and the possible benefits to them by doing so. There is a strong need to do the work to make consumers aware about the same. Educational interventions are needed to improve awareness among patients regarding importance of ADE reporting.
A community based study on e-waste disposal in Srinagar, Uttarakhand: assessment of awareness and practices
Authors: Nath Bhola , Kumari Ranjeeta , Gupta Valendu , Vaswani N. D. , Lekhwani Seema
Published: July 2018

Background: ‘E-waste’ is waste electrical and electronic equipment (EE) which are intended to be discarded. Improper disposal leads to hazardous effects on health and environment. Awareness about e-waste is important for all those using EE.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study among consumers of EE and scrap dealers in Srinagar city, of Pauri district in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. Information was collected on knowledge about e-waste, its types and disposal practices.Results: Only 6.7% respondents heard the term E-waste. 77% of the respondents didn’t know about the ways of disposing the e-waste and 45.7% were totally unaware of hazardous effects of improper disposal. Knowledge among scrap dealers was altogether absent.Conclusions: Awareness on various aspects of E-waste was found to be poor among respondents and totally absent among scrap dealers.
Knowledge and awareness of AIDS among first year students of MBBS, BDS and BPT of Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Piparia- Vadodara
Authors: Chauhan Grishma , Chhaya Jatin , Karve Sanidhya , Kankrecha Ronak , Khurana Dhruval
Published: July 2018

Background: Catastrophic potential of the pandemic of AIDS may still not have been fully apprehended in 21st century, even though disease was exploded since 1981. Lack of public health awareness is only identifiable factor that is responsible for disastrous effect of HIV/AIDS. It is more even danger if future doctors unaware of diseases dynamics of HIV infection or AIDS diseases. So, the current study was planned to know level of awareness regarding of HIV/AIDS among medical and paramedical students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University.Methods: Two hundred and eighty five students of Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University were interviewed with the help of pre-designed questionnaire to know the awareness of HIV/AIDS among students.Results: The students were knowledgeable about causative agent and modality of diagnosis. However, only half of students were agreed with the fact that, the treatment is available for AIDS. On contrary, 24.60% students had wrong belief that the vaccine against HIV/AIDS is available. A very few number of students had the misconceptions about modes of transmission. Knowledge of prevention of HIV infection was good among students. Media and doctor/ health worker were the most frequently reported sources of information as reported by 56.49%% and 34.39% of the students respectively.Conclusions: The students had a satisfactory knowledge on many aspects of HIV/AIDS, but also along with some misconception about transmission of disease.
Study on socio-demographic determinants of knowledge and practice regarding road safety among medical students of CIMS, Bilaspur (C.G.)
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Kawale Shailesh K. , Thakur Hemlata
Published: July 2018

Background: An accident has been defined as an unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage. Youths constitute the most vulnerable group to get into the road traffic accidents so they need significant level of awareness and realization of their knowledge gap regarding road safety measures. The aims and objectives of the study were to find out the level of knowledge about road traffic signs; to assess the practice of medical students towards road traffic rulesMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted among willing undergraduate M.B.B.S. students enrolled in CIMS, Bilaspur. We recorded verbal response of participants by interview with the use of pre designed & pre tested questionnaire.Results: Total 289 students were participated in our study. 139 were female and 150 were male, 75 students were below 20 year of age, 89 were living with their parents. In our study we found that student’s age >20 years have more knowledge (36%) of road traffic signs than students aged ≤20 years (28%). Boys have more knowledge (36.66%) of road traffic signs than girls (30.93%). Students living without parents have more knowledge of road traffic signs over students living with their parents. More sensible practice was seen in students >20 years of age, more careful practice seen in male over female and more responsible practice was seen in students living with their parents.Conclusions: The level of knowledge regarding road signs and symbol among study participants was not satisfactory. But regarding practice most of the participants were using the safety measures occasionally.
Tobacco menace near educational institutions of Mandya city, South Karnataka
Authors: B. R. Harish , M. Vinay , D. Ashwini , J. Bindiya , M. R. Mythily
Published: July 2018

Background: Tobacco kills more than 7 million people a year. India has one of the world’s heaviest tobacco-related health burdens. The government of India has enacted the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 to control the factors which favor the use of tobacco products. The present study was taken up with the objective to determine the proportion of educational institutions having display boards prohibiting tobacco sales and use, having advertisements & tobacco selling outlets nearby and to assess the awareness regarding rules for tobacco sales among the persons selling tobacco products in these outlets.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2017, in all the educational institutions of Mandya city using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analysis.Results: Of the 92 educational institutions 13 (14.1%) had “No smoking” display boards. 30 (32.6%) had the display board that sale of tobacco products is prohibited within a radius of 100 yards of the educational institution. 146 tobacco selling outlets were present near the 71 educational institutions. 19 (13.0%) sellers knew that sale of tobacco products is prohibited within a radius of 100 yards of the educational institution.Conclusions: One sixth of the educational institutions had “No smoking” display boards and one third had display board that stated that the sale of tobacco products was prohibited within a radius of 100 yards of the educational institution. The awareness regarding sale of tobacco products was inadequate among the persons selling tobacco products.
A study on assessment of nutrition and health status of the children one year after discharge from the Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre in South India
Authors: Chandra Sekhar C. , Surendra Babu D. , Sravana Deepthi C. , Patan Shakeer Kahn , N. Khadervali , N. Bayapa Reddy
Published: July 2018

Background: Nutrition rehabilitation centers (NRCs) were started to control severe malnutrition and follow-up of children with severe acute malnutrition is essential because mortality rate of 10-30% has been reported after discharge from hospital.Methods: A community based cross sectional study with the objectives to assess the current health status of the children discharged from the NRC and to assess the healthy practices learned by mothers during their stay at NRC. We included children those discharged from May to October 2013. The children were approached house to house visit and assessed for their health status with a pretested semi structured questionnaire. Mothers of the children were also interviewed for the knowledge and practices of the dietary and child care.Results: Among 67 children, 8 (11.9%) children could not be traced and 7 (10.4%) were reported dead, 52 were included 27 were boys and 25 were girls with a mean age of 35 months. The current nutritional status was 71.2% were not in very low weight, 17.3% were moderately underweight, and 11.5% were still severely underweight. Children who had more number of follow-ups had a better nutritional status which was significant (p<0.0001). 94% of the mothers had knowledge about correct feeding practices and food preparations; 86.5% were aware of good hygiene; 75% aware of the danger signs. Only 59.5% of the mothers could recollect the structured play therapy.Conclusions: Community based followup of the children following discharge from NRC and appropriate feedback to the mothers is very much essential for sustained results.
Hand hygiene practices among school children of a periurban area Firozabad district
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv , Singh Mehta Amarveer
Published: July 2018

Background: Hand hygiene is a milestone of infectious disease control, and promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure. The present study was undertaken to assess the hand hygiene practices among the school students of a peri urban area in district Firozabad.Methods: This six months cross sectional study was carried out among the students of an Intermediate college situated in a peri urban area of Firozabad district, U. P. All the students who were present in the respective classes (Vth–VIIth standard) were surveyed. A structured, self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect detailed information about the subjects‟ self-reported hand washing practices. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS windows version 14.0 software.Results: Out of total 76 students, 97.4% practiced hand washing after defecation with Soap and water, while 63.2% did hand washing after cleaning with soap and water and 31.6% washed hands before eating food with Soap and water. A higher proportion of males showed proper hand hygiene practices than females. Proper Hand hygiene practices increased with the increase in education.Conclusions: Teaching the correct hand hygiene practice at an early age with help students to be healthy in later life. Thus primordial prevention is the key to reduce infection in school children.
Lifestyle associated morbidity among geriatric population–urban and rural comparison
Authors: Agrawal Nipun , Imtiaz Danish , Singh Atul K. , Gupta Shyam B. , Jain Abhishek
Published: July 2018

Background: The proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group in almost every country which can be attributed to longer life expectancy, declining birth rates, expansion of healthcare services in quality and quantity. An individual’s choice of behaviour may be either health promoting or detrimental to health. Health is both a consequence of an individual’s lifestyle and a factor determining it but it cannot be isolated from other aspects of life. With the above background, this study was planned to report and compare lifestyle and prevalence of lifestyle associated morbidities among geriatric population of rural and urban areas in district Bareilly (UP).Methods: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of one year amongst families registered with UHTC and RHTC of SRMS IMS, Bareilly. All persons willing to participate aged 60 years or more were interviewed in the presence of one family member.Results: A total of 525 elderly, 263 rural and 262 urban, were surveyed. The mean age of elderly residing in the rural and urban areas are 66.21±5.97 and 67.30±5.89 respectively, eldest being 96 years old rural subject. Lifestyle of rural elderlies was healthier compared to urban subjects. 12.5% rural elderly had no apparent disease against only 7.5% urban elderly.Conclusions: Overall consumption of salt and oil consumed per person per day was found to be higher amongst the elderly residing in the urban area as compared to those in the rural area. Most of the elderly of rural area (77.57%) as well as urban area (59.92%) fall in Zone–1 i.e. with an audit score below 7. Proportion of current tobacco users and ever tobacco users were higher in the rural area (40.68% and 46.76% respectively). The proportion of subjects who were apparently healthy was higher in rural area (46.77%) than urban area (39.69%).
A cross-sectional study on stress perceived by families of mentally retarded children enrolled in special schools of a city of central India
Authors: Chourasiya Sanjay Kumar , Baghel Anil , Kale Saket , Verma Arpit
Published: July 2018

Background: Presently we are passing through a phase in the area of rehabilitation where in efforts are being made to spread services and training programs to raise awareness level related to mainstreaming and provision of equal rights and opportunity for the mentally retarded individuals. The present study was undertaken keeping in view the fact that an increasing number of children are being diagnosed with mental retardation parallelly an increase number of families will have to address and cope with the stress. The objective of the study was to study the stress perceived by the families having mentally retarded children and to find out the various factors influencing the perceived stressMethods: 100 families and102 mentally retarded children were studied. Section I of family interview for stress and coping in mental retardation (FISC-MR) was used to find out the family burden of care.Results: 47.97% of fathers and 68% of mothers are in the age group of 30-40 years. The severity of retardation was mild in 36 children, moderate in 46 children while 20 had severe retardation, 32% of mother feel mild stress of which 59.3% having education level up to degree college. 61% of mother showing moderate stress of which 68.8% having education level up to degree college. (67.3%) nuclear families show mild stress while only 22 (52.3%) joint families show mild stress.Conclusions: Living with and caring for the person with MR is very stressful and burdensome. High level of stress and burden is associated with increased level of disability; it being the maximum in the caregivers of persons with severe to profound Mental Retardation.
Phosphine inhalation, case series of domestic unintentional poisoning commonly used as anti-bed bug chemical from a low income country
Authors: Afzal Badar , Siddiqui Emaduddin , Kazi Ghazala Irfan , Khan Irum Qamar , Daniyal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Abdul Raffay
Published: July 2018

Phosphine poisoning is an uncommon but hazardous public health issue. It is widely used chemical compound as insecticides domestically and exposure to this chemical is mostly accidental especially in children, which may lead to fatal symptoms if not managed immediately. Previous studies have explored the mechanism of its deleterious effect. However, literature on presentation of phosphine poisoning is sparse. Medical records, from January 2005 to September 2013, with patients presenting to ED of Aga Khan University Hospital were reviewed after successfully taking ERC approval from the hospital. Patients with confirm phosphine poisoning were identified and further details were noted from their medical records. We identified seven cases of phosphine poisoning during the study period. Majority patients presented with generalized weakness, diarrhea, vomiting and drowsiness after exposure to phosphine containing insecticides, mostly exposed within past two days of symptoms and presentation. Six out of seven patients were successfully managed and discharged while one of the patient couldn't be saved. The objective of this study was to investigate various presentations of phosphine poisoning to Emergency Department (ED) in a low-income setting in Karachi, Pakistan and bring it to attention of the need to replace insecticides with a safer chemical compound and keep children out of reach from such toxins. Moreover increase awareness program and proper labeling and precautions should be written on all commonly sold pesticides and the constituent of hazardous compounds they contain.
Results of bridging LCP along with corticocancellous autogenous bone graft and calcium hydroxyapatite blocks in gap nonunion of long bones
Authors: Agarwal Ankur
Published: July 2018

Background: High-energy trauma is an important cause of compound fractures of long bones that in turn results into bone gap due to bone loss or high communition with resultant displacement of minute fracture fragments and hence non-union. Bone resorption or surgical excision for infection or tumour also leads to gap non-unions.

Methods: Forty-one patients having fracture of long bones of extremities with a bone gap of upto 2 inches were enrolled and were treated with autogenous bone grafting and calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) blocks along with fixation by a locked compression plate (LCP) and plaster slab. The average follow-up period was ten months. One patient was excluded from the study due to drop out from follow up.

Results: In 23 (57.5%) patient’s radiological union occurred by 24-26 weeks. In 16 (40%) patients, radiological union was seen between 26-28 weeks, while in one (2.5%) patient union was seen at 30 weeks. Also, it was seen that smaller the length of gap, the faster was the union. Excellent results were seen in the majority of 25 patients (62.5%), good results in 11 patients (27.5%), fair results in 3 patients (7.5%) and poor outcome in 1 patient (2.5%). Also, it was seen that smaller the gap size, better was the outcome.

Conclusions: The technique of bridge plating using internal fixator i.e. LCP along with autogenous corticocancellous bone graft and CHA blocks is a fairly good technique to treat gap non unions. It has its own advantages of avoiding complications associated with large external frame constructs. However, larger gap size limits the usefulness of this technique.
O Conselho Ultramarino e a arrematação dos contratos da América portuguesa: o caso da capitania de São Paulo, 1723-1760
Authors: Aidar Bruno
Published: July 2018

Neste trabalho, busca-se indicar, pelo estudo de caso da capitania de São Paulo, como a jurisdição sobre a arrematação dos contratos representava um dos eixos principais na delimitação da arquitetura de poderes no império português na época de dom João V. Outro objetivo é analisar, pela perspectiva fiscal, como o governo do império era formado por configurações institucionais entre diversas camadas do poder local, regional e central, destacando-se este segundo espaço de poder sobre as formas de negociação e conflito na monarquia. A primeira seção aborda alguns aspectos econômicos da capitania de São Paulo. A segunda seção analisa o movimento pendular entre o Conselho Ultramarino e a Provedoria da Fazenda paulista quanto à jurisdição sobre os leilões de venda dos contratos da capitania. Na terceira seção, são apontadas as trajetórias de alguns contratadores vinculados à capitania.
Research Network Collaboration in Economics: A Social Network Analysis for Izmir
Authors: Akseki Utku , Türkcan Burcu
Published: July 2018

Production and transmission of knowledge are
especially important in intellectual activities like scientific researches. In
this context, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the research network
collaboration in economics community in Izmir. To the best of our knowledge,
there is no study investigating this topic in the literature for Izmir. To fill
this gap, firstly, covering the period of 2012:Q1 – 2017:Q3, a sociometric
choices matrix is constructed, for the research collaboration network of economics
community in Izmir. Moreover a social network graph is illustrated in order to analyze
social and individual network densities. Results basically show that Izmir
economics community exhibits local network properties based on geographical and
cognitive distances.
Teoria da gramática e dialectologia do português brasileiro
Authors: De Araújo Rerisson Cavalcante
Published: July 2018

O artigo discute a falta de conhecimento sobre as diferenças sintáticas internas ao português brasileiro (PB) para tratar da necessidade e das possibilidades de descrição da variação espacial da gramática do PB através da conjugação das teorias formalistas sobre a linguagem e os métodos de levantamento e análise de dados da dialectologia e da geolinguística, em especial, pela construção de atlas linguísticos. Para isso, discute aspectos da metodologia do maior projeto de geolinguística do país, o Atlas Linguístico do Brasil (ALiB); descreve também a experiência de alguns atlas sintáticos europeus, inspirados na perspectiva microparamétrica da gramática gerativa.
A expansão lexical em produtos alimentícios industrializados no português brasileiro
Authors: Timbane Alexandre Antonio , Coelho Dayanny Marins
Published: July 2018

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar e discutir a formação de nomes de produtos alimentares industrializados mais comuns no contexto brasileiro. O nome faz parte do processo de ampliação do léxico da língua e assim, questiona-se qual formação linguística desses nomes? Utilizando 20 produtos sendo 5 enlatados e embutidos, 5 derivados de leite, 5 derivados de cereais e 5 bebidas. A escolha dos produtos foi aleatória e foi auxiliado pelo Dicionário Houaiss (2009) como corpus de exclusão no caso de neologismo. Da pesquisa concluiu-se que o nome do produto carrega uma história. O autor do nome não só pensa na beleza, mas também no impacto que o nome provocará diante do consumidor. Por isso o autor recorre ao inglês, francês, japonês e raras vezes no português. Basta ser processado, o produto perde seu nome original e passa a receber novo nome. Da pesquisa se conclui que a atribuição de nomes de produtos alimentares industrializados exige uma reflexão profunda, pois alguns nomes podem afastar o consumidor ao invés de atraí-lo. A atribuição do nome é cultural e surge da necessidade sociológica do ser humano, principalmente no espaço comercial.
Comparison Analysis of the Composition and Properties of Fodder Enzyme Preparations
Authors: Korotkova O. G. , Rubtsova E. A. , Shashkov I. A. , Volchok A. A. , Kondratieva E. G. , Sinitsyna О. А. , Rozhkova A. M. , Satrudinov A. D. , Semenova M. V. , Denisenko Yu. A. , Sinitsyn A. P.
Published: July 2018

The composition and properties of a wide range of domestic and foreign enzyme preparations (EP), used as additives to feeds of farm animals and poultry, are analyzed. The content of the main active enzymes – endoglucanases (beta-glucanases), cellobiohydrolases and xylanases, leading to biocatalytic destruction of non-starch polysaccharides, which are anti-nutritional factors of feeds and causing their incomplete digestion, is determined. It is shown that, based on the data on the component composition and the level of different types of activity, the studied enzyme preparations can be divided into three groups: a) with high xylanase and low cellulase (endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase) content, b) high cellulase and low xylanase content, c) containing cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and xylanases in a different ratio, but without significant predominant of any of these enzymes. The ability of EP to reduce the viscosity of water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides – xylans and beta-glucans- has been studied. Among the enzyme preparations that have xylanase in their composition and belong to groups b) and c), a number of preparations have been determined which, at the same dosage according to xylanase activity, most effectively reduced the viscosity of the aqueous extract of rye containing xylans (Econase XT 25, Agroxyl Plus, Agroxyl Premium, Rovabio Max AP, Sunzyme). It was shown that the xylanase of precisely these EP is not inhibited by protein inhibitors of rye. At the same dosage for beta-glucanase activity, the viscosity of water-soluble beta-glucans of barley was most effectively reduced by the EP Xybeten CELL, Cellulase, Agroxyl, Agrocell, Axtra XB 201, Rovabio Max AP and Vilzyme. For all studied EP, no inhibitory effect of the barley extract on beta-glucanase activity was found.
Evaluation of a strategy for tumor-initiating stem cell eradication in primary human glioblastoma cultures as a model
Authors: Dolgova E. V. , Proskurina A. S. , Potter E. A. , Tyrinova T. V. , Taranov O. S. , Efremov Ya. R. , Orishchenko K. E. , Mishinov S. V. , Stupak V. V. , Ostanin A. A. , Chernykh E. R. , Bogachev S. S.
Published: July 2018

Primary cultures of human glioblastoma were obtained from the surgical material of patients K. (female, 61 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma) and Zh. (female, 60 years, Ds: relapse of glioblastoma). The effectiveness of a new therapeutic approach aimed at destroying the cancer cell community was evaluated on the primary cell lines of human glioblastoma culture by employing a new strategy of tumor-initiating stem cell synchronization and a domestic strategy of their eradication "3+1". The key elements of the strategy were the following indicator results: (1) evaluation of the presence of tumor-initiating stem cells in a population of cells from analyzed cultures by their ability to internalize double-stranded labeled DNA (TAMRA+ cells); (2) determination of the reference time points of the repair cycle of DNA interstrand cross-links induced by cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C; (3) evaluation of cell cycle synchronization; (4) determination of the time (day after therapy initiation) when TAMRA+ cells were synchronously present in phase G1/S of the cell cycle, sensitive to the therapy; and (5) establishment of the TAMRA+ (tumor-initiating stem cells) eradication schedule. The cultures were treated with cross-linking cytostatic mitomycin C and a compositional DNA preparation. After the treatments, cell division slows down, and the cultures degrade. The K cell line completely degraded within 30 days of observation. The cell number of the Zh culture fell to nearly one-third of the starting value by day 15 of observation. On day 15, this indicator constituted 1/7.45 for mitomycin C and 1/10.28 for mitomycin C + DNA with reference to the control. The main target of the mitomycin C + DNA regimen was TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells of the glioblastoma cell populations. The action of mitomycin C alone or in the combination with DNA demonstrated effective elimination of TAMRA+ tumor-initiating stem cells and the whole primary cultures of human glioblastomas.
O exoimaginário urbano
Authors: Santaella Lucia
Published: July 2018

Na literatura existente sobre o conceito de imaginário, este é sempre tratado como uma habilidade cognitiva que brota do interior da mente humana. Sem negar essa constatação, o presente artigo visa colocar em discussão que a crescente presença das mídias de registro de imagens, a partir da fotografia, vieram gradativamente transformando o imaginário urbano em um exoimaginário, quer dizer, vieram colocando o imaginário das cidades para fora da mente, em espetáculos visuais muitas vezes extasiantes. A par disso, com o desenvolvimento dos aparatos de coleta e tratamento de imensos volumes de dados (big data) sobre as cidades, um novo exoimaginário começa a se fazer sentir, o exoimaginário das entranhas do urbano.
Imaginarios de ciudad en las novelas colombianas Sin remedio y Opio en las nubes
Authors: LotharJaeckel Volker Karl , Estupiñán Ayda Elizabeth Blanco
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo propone una lectura de los imaginarios de ciudad representados en las novelas colombianas Sin remedio(1984)de Antonio Caballero y Opio en las nubes (1992) de Rafael Chaparro Madiedo. La ciudad es definida como un cúmulo de símbolos, metáforas e imágenes configuradas en los actos de habitar, vivenciar, sentir e imaginar el espacio urbano. Apartir de la subjetividad de los personajes y de sus experiencias cotidianas en la ciudad se reconstruyen imaginarios impregnados por la creación poética, la marginalización, el tedio y la decadencia.
O “ET DE VARGINHA”: uma compreensão discursiva sobre o “caso”
Authors: Pereira Diego Henrique
Published: July 2018

A discursividade é o ponto de partida deste artigo, que busca compreender a constituição, formulação e circulação dos enunciados sobre o “ET de Varginha”. Inscrito na Análise de Discurso de vertente francesa e pecheutiana. Este artigo não busca desvendar a veracidade sobre o “caso”, mas sim compreender discursivamente o que se diz e o que já foi dito sobre o “ET de Varginha.Para tanto, diversos recortes foram mobilizados para compor o corpus desta pesquisa, dentre eles monumentos, reportagens, depoimentos, capa de livro e imagens, todos remetendo o “caso” do “ET de Varginha”. A série de deslizamentos que se produz sobre o sentido de “ET”, nessas condições de produção, acaba também (re)significando a cidade de Varginha.
Dialogismo, sentido e materialidade: a luta pelo espaço público urbano
Authors: Cardenal Jozieli Camila , Lima Anselmo Pereira de
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta a perspectiva da produção de enunciados, baseada na teoria da análise dialógica do discurso de Mikhail Bakhtin. Para tanto, apresenta nuances da vida urbana, a partir do movimento estabelecido na Praça Presidente Vargas, situada em Pato Branco (PR). Ao associar concepções da linguística a variáveis da dinâmica urbana, busca-se demonstrar que, ao longo do tempo, o espaço público configura-se enquanto palco de interesses e ações que traduzem diferentes esferas da atividade humana, o que é expresso por meio do caráter material presente no dialogismo.
Indicators of the metabolic status of tofalar teenagers, representatives of small indigenous ethnos of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Darenskaya M. A. , Kolesnikova L. I. , Rychkova L. V. , Grebenkina L. A. , Khramova E. E. , Kolesnikov S. I.
Published: July 2018

The aimof the work is to study the state of health and peculiarities of metabolic reactions in adolescents, representatives of the small Siberian ethnos - tofalars and caucasians.

Materials and methods.Clinico-biochemical examination of children and adolescents, representatives of a small ethnic group – Тofalars and Caucasians, permanently residing in the territory of Tofalaria in the Irkutsk region. The metabolic status of adolescents was assessed using spectrophotometric (total cholesterol, diene conjugates), fluorometric (superoxide dismutase activity, α-tocopherol and retinol levels), immunoenzymes (determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, cortisol).

Results. An increased incidence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, as well as diseases of the endocrine system and eating disorders – among Тofalars; diseases of the genitourinary system – among Сaucasians. For practically healthy Тofalar teenagers, in contrast to Сaucasians of the newcomer population, adaptive metabolism reactions are characteristic, which is expressed by a reduced level of total cholesterol and increased values of antioxidant factors (the level of fat-soluble vitamins – α-tocopherol and retinol), and adaptive changes in the system of neuroendocrine regulation.

Сonclusion. An assessment of the health status of children and adolescents in Tofalaria has shown the need for more intensive monitoring of the incidence rate in the specified region, with the obligatory consideration of the ethnic factor for the development of regional ethno-specific preventive measures.
The Waala Chieftaincy Institution: Its Origin and the Emergence of Disputes
Authors: Salih Hafiz Bin
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the research paper was to trace the origin of chieftaincy among the Waala of the Upper West Region of Ghana as well as discuss the emergence of the Wa chieftaincy conflict. The Waala monarchy and the Wa Naa are the custodians of Waala customs and culture which provide transparent processes for the choice of a new Wa Naa and other leaders and for any conflicts arising thereof. Chieftaincy disputes tend to be overlooked by the authorities expected to resolve them; probably because they perceive such conflicts as tractable and not complex. There are provisions within Waala society and in the Kingdom for indigenous means of dispute resolution that have been relegated to the background. The origin of chieftaincy among the Waala has been traced while the perceived causes of the Wa chieftaincy conflict has been discussed. This research paper is part of my PhD thesis that was submitted to the university but has not been published.
Nurses’ Perspectives on Patient and Visitor Violence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Henderson Lannette , Kamp Brittany , Niedbalski Keri , Abraham Samuel P. , Gillum Deborah R.
Published: July 2018

The profession of nursing is at high risk for work-related threats and violence from patients and visitors. The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses’ perspectives on patient and visitor violence. In this research study, a qualitative, phenomenological design was used. The study question was, “What are your lived experiences as a nurse with patient and visitor violence?” This study included what nurses have personally experienced and how they handled violent situations while performing their job. A total of 19 registered nurses were interviewed. Open-ended questions and follow-up probes evoked responses. Sequential interviews were conducted until all concepts were repeated multiple times without new themes emerging. Four common themes emerged were violence (punching, kicking, tackling, pinching, and spitting), long-term consequences of violence, need for education and training for violence, and the need for support from the organization. Taylor’s cognitive adaptation adjustments to threatening events theory helped guide the study.
Sustancias dopantes y su incidencia: una visión retrospectiva del laboratorio nacional de prevención y control del dopaje de México
Authors: Mercado Soberanes Karina , Camacho Frías Evangelina , Rodríguez Balandrán Leonardo , Rodríguez Fermán Martha Elena , Mendoza Méndez Nancy , Velasco-Bejarano Benjamin
Published: July 2018

El uso de sustancias para incrementar el desarrollo deportivo de atletas ha sido un flagelo en el deporte internacional. En este sentido la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (WADA-AMA) ha implementado una serie de estándares que permiten armonizar la lucha contra el dopaje desde diferentes aristas. Particularmente los laboratorios acreditados por la WADA-AMA forman parte importante en la erradicación de dopaje deportivo. En este informe se muestran los datos obtenidos en el Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje  (LNPCD-CONADE) de acuerdo a la incidencia de Resultados Analíticos Adversos (RAA) en el periodo 2009-2015, los cuales fueron obtenidos del análisis de un total de 18,085 muestras biológicas de control antidopaje. Se hace un análisis de la distribución de muestras de acuerdo al género, tipo de deporte ya sea en competición o fuera de competición, así como de la prevalencia de RAA durante el periodo de tiempo analizado y la relación respecto al grupo de sustancia dopante y tipo de deporte. Los datos aquí presentados se compararon con los disponibles en la página electrónica de la WADA-AMA y se observó que en los casos de sustancias del grupo S1 es más alto el porcentaje que se reporta por el LNPCD-CONADE que el reportado a nivel mundial, caso contrario se determinó para RAA que presentaron alguna sustancia del grupo S6 y S8.  Así mismo se observa una mayor prevalencia en el uso de sustancias dopantes por atletas masculinos (75%) comparado con el 25 % observado en atletas femeninos. Los deportes con mayor número de RAA detectados en el laboratorio fueron béisbol, ciclismo y atletismo.