bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zadovoljstvo študentov zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem
Authors: Gönc Vida , Lorber Mateja , Nerat Jasmina
Published: September 2015

Uvod: Problemsko učenje predstavlja premik v izobraževalni paradigmi, saj predstavlja na posameznika usmerjeno učenje, ki spodbuja razvijanje samostojnosti, znanj, spretnosti in lastnosti, potrebnih za delovanje v zdravstveni negi. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti zadovoljstvo študentov rednega in izrednega študija zdravstvene nege s problemskim učenjem. Metode: Uporabljeno je bilo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno raziskovanje, podatki so bili zbrani s tehniko anketiranja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 196 študentov zdravstvene nege. Za obdelavo podatkov je bila uporabljena deskriptivna statistika, t-test in korelacijska analiza. Statistično značilnost smo preverjali na ravni 5% tveganja. Rezultati: Povprečne ocene vseh trditev, ki so se nanašale na zadovoljstvo študentov s problemskim učenjem, so bile zelo visoke (> 4 od 5). Glede na način študija zdravstvene nege (t = –0,818, p = 0,414) in spol (t = –0,002, p = 0,998) ne prihaja do razlik v oceni glede zadovoljstva s problemskim učenjem, vendar se je pokazal pozitiven vpliv delovnih izkušenj pri študentih izrednega študija, zaposlenih v zdravstvu. Ugotovljena je bila povezanost med starostjo študentov in zadovoljstvom s problemskim učenjem (r = 0,198, p = 0,006). Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava pokaže, da problemsko učenje pri študentih zdravstvene nege izboljšuje motivacijo za delo ter spodbuja tako samostojen študij kot delo v skupinah. Nadaljnje raziskave bi bilo potrebno usmeriti na problemsko učenje v klinični praksi in aplikacijo teoretičnih znanj v klinično okolje.
Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cat – first detection in Poland
Authors: Dąbrowska Joanna , Karamon Jacek , Kochanowski Maciej , Jędryczko Roman , Cencek Tomasz
Published: September 2015

Tritrichomonas foetus, a parasite of cattle reproductive system, has been recently discovered as a cause of disease in cats in many countries. T. foetus infects and colonizes cat’s ileum, caecum, colon and can lead to enteritis. This paper presents the first clinical case of cat intestinal trichomonosis caused by T. foetus in Poland. The material for this study was a smear collected from a 6-month-old male British Shorthair cat. The presence of parasitic protozoan was determined via microscopic examination and confirmed by amplification of T. foetus rDNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In the first PCR reaction, a DNA of Trichomonadidae was identified and in the second PCR, T. foetus was detected. The T. foetus positive products from the second PCR reaction were sequenced. Interpretation of the sequencing results of obtained amplicons by comparing them with the GenBank database proved that the causative agent, in this case, was T. foetus.
Association between immunoreactivity to Anisakis spp. antigens and high-risk pregnancy
Authors: Figueiredo Israel , Vericimo Mauricio , Terra Luciana , Ferreira Taylane , São Clemente Sergio Carmona , Teixeira Gerlinde
Published: September 2015

Numerous factors contribute to perinatal risk, many of which remain undefined. This study sought to determine the frequency of fish intake in postpartum women, and to establish a relationship between the rates of immunoreactivity for antigens from Anisakis spp. and high-risk pregnancy. In this prospective noninterventional study, a structured questionnaire was administered and serum was collected from postpartum women at two perinatal centers (a high-risk birth unit [HRBU] and a low-risk birth unit [LRBU]) in the Niteroi municipality of Brazil. Anisakis species-specific IgG and IgE were measured by ELISA. The chisquared test was performed, and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated. The t-test or Mann-Whitney test was applied to continuous, normally distributed variables. In total, 309 women (170 from HRBU, 139 from LRBU) between 24.8 and 26.7 years old with a median of 6 to 8 prenatal visits were enrolled. Women in the two units exhibited differences in some variables, including prenatal care (p = 0.01), maternal and fetal risk (p = 0.00; OR = 6.17), and gestational age (p = 0.00), but no differences in fish consumption (p = 0.29), frequency of fish intake (p = 0.40), allergic symptoms (p = 0.51), or frequency of anti-Anisakis reactivity (p = 0.22). Logistic regression analysis revealed that only age was independently associated with postpartum anti-Anisakis reactivity. This study confirmed a low prevalence of fish intake and suggested that Anisakis spp. had no impact on high-risk pregnancies among this postpartum study population.
New species of Cosmocercoides (Nematoda; Cosmocercidae) and other helminths in Gonocephalus liogaster (Squamata; Agamidae) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Bursey Charles R. , Goldberg Stephen R. , Grismer Lee L.
Published: September 2015

Cosmocercoides malayensis sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of Gonocephalus liogaster (Squamata, Agamidae) from Peninsular Malaysia is described and illustrated. Cosmocercoides malayensis sp. nov. represents the 23
The infection of reintroduced ruminants – Bison bonasus and Alces alces – with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in northern Poland
Authors: Karbowiak Grzegorz , Víchová Bronislava , Werszko Joanna , Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. , Pyziel Anna M. , Sytykiewicz Hubert , Szewczyk Tomasz , Peťko Branislav
Published: September 2015

The north-eastern part of Poland is considered an area of high risk for infection with tick-borne diseases, including with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agents. The etiological agent of HGE is Anaplasma phagocytophilum. As the animal reservoir for A. phagocytophilum in the environment serve the species from Cervidae and Bovidae families. European bison (Bison bonasus) and elk (Alces alces) are the big ruminant species, reintroduced to the forests of Middle Europe after many decades of absence. In the foci of zoonotic diseases they are able to play a role as natural reservoir to pathogens, however, their status as protected animals means their study has been rare and fragmentary. The studies of B. bonasus were conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest and A. alces in Biebrza National Park. PCR amplifications were performed using primers amplifing the end of the groES gene, the intergenic spacer and approximately two-thirds of the groEL gene in the first round, and primers that span a 395-bp region of the groEL gene were used in the second round. The positive results were obtained in B. bonasus and A. alces, the prevalence of infection was 66.7 and 20.0%, respectively. Randomly selected samples were sequenced, sequences were compared with GenBank entries using Blast N2.2.13 and determined as A. phagocytophilum. The results presented herein are the first record of the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in A. alces, and at the same time confirm the previous observations regarding the infection of B. bonasus with A. phagocytophilum.
Molecular studies on larvae of Pseudoterranova parasite of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 and Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) off Brazilian waters
Authors: Borges Juliana N. , Cunha Luiz F. G. , Miranda Daniele F. , Monteiro-Neto Cassiano , Santos Cláudia P.
Published: September 2015

Pseudoterranova larvae parasitizing cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus and bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix from Southwest Atlantic coast of Brazil were studied in this work by morphological, ultrastructural and molecular approaches. The genetic analysis were performed for the ITS2 intergenic region specific for Pseudoterranova decipiens, the partial 28S (LSU) of ribosomal DNA and the mtDNA cox-1 region. We obtained results for the 28S region and mtDNA cox-1 that was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between sequences of this study and sequences from the GenBank. The morphological profile indicated that all the nine specimens collected from both fish were L3 larvae of Pseudoterranova sp. The genetic profile confirmed the generic level but due to the absence of similar sequences for adult parasites on GenBank for the regions amplifyied, it was not possible to identify them to the species level. The sequences obtained presented 89% of similarity with Pseudoterranova decipiens (28S sequences) and Contracaecum osculatum B (mtDNA cox-1). The low similarity allied to the fact that the amplification with the specific primer for P. decipiens didn´t occur, lead us to conclude that our sequences don’t belong to P. decipiens complex.
Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from southern Poland
Authors: Strzelczyk Joanna K. , Gaździcka Jadwiga , Cuber Piotr , Asman Marek , Trapp Gizela , Gołąbek Karolina , Zalewska-Ziob Marzena , Nowak-Chmura Magdalena , Siuda Krzysztof , Wiczkowski Andrzej , Solarz Krzysztof
Published: September 2015

In 2008-2011 ticks were collected from southern Poland. Out of 6336 individuals collected and identified as Ixodes ricinus, 768 (2 larvae, 84 nymphs, 417 females, 265 males) were included in molecular study. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the presence of pathogens in ticks. Subsequently the amplified DNA was digested with TasI enzyme. The infection rate was 15% (116) of examined ticks. PCR-RFLP analysis allowed distinguishing three genospecies of B. burgdorferi s.l.: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, and B. garinii. RFLP analyses of 116 positive samples revealed 96 (83%) monoinfections and 13 (11%) coinfections, whereas unidentified genospecies were present in 7 (6%) of positive samples. In the case of monoinfections, B. burgdorferi s.s. was the predominant species of pathogen in infected ticks - 61.4%. Other genospecies: B. garinii and B. afzelii were detected in 22.9% and 15.6% of the samples, respectively. To sum up, 15 % of ticks were infected by B. burgdorferi s.l which increases the risk of human infections in the recreational areas of southern Poland. Furthermore, there is a need to increase public awareness and implement more preventive measures concerning Lyme disease.
Morphologic and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis atraii n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) infecting the common coot (Fulica atra) from Egypt
Authors: El-Morsey Ahmed , El-Seify Mahmoud , Desouky Abdel-Razik Y. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed M. , El-Dakhly Khaled Mohamed , Kasem Samy , Abdo Walied , Haridy Mohie , Sakai Hiroki , Yanai Tokuma
Published: September 2015

A single morphologic type of Sarcocystis cysts found in two out of 43 examined common coots, Fulica atra, is considered to represent a new species for which the name Sarcocystis atraii n. sp. is proposed and its description is provided. Coots were hunted from the vicinity of Brolos Lake located at KafrElsheikh province, Egypt. The structural morphology of the revealed sarcocysts was described using light and transmission electron microscopy. Sarcocysts were found in the leg and thigh muscles. The cysts were microscopic and measured 165−850 μm in length × 50−85 μm in width. Histologically; the sarcocyst wall was wavy and had minute undulations. Ultrastructurally, it measured 1−3 μm in thickness and possessed many mushroom-like villar protrusions sometimes originating from other mushroom-like villar protrusions that measured approximately 0.5−2 μm in length and up to 2 μm in width, with the presence of electron dense ground substance of 300 nm to 1 μm thick. The bradyzoites were elongated, banana-shaped and measured 7.5−14 × 1.5−2.5 μm, with centrally or terminally located nuclei. The ultrastructural features of the cyst wall belonged to type 24. On the basis of sequencing and phylogenic analyses for 18S rRNA , 28S rRNA genes and ITS-1 region; S. atraii n. sp. is considered a genetically distinct species, being most closely related to avian Sarcocystis spp. whose definitive hosts are predatory mammals.
Evaluating the Babesia bovis infection of cattle in China with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Authors: Yang Congshan , Liu Junlong , Li Anyan , Li Youquan , Liu Aihong , Xie Junren , Liu Guangyuan , Yin Hong , Guan Guiquan , Luo Jianxun
Published: September 2015

Babesia bovis is an important pathogen of bovine babesiosis and causes serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Aiming to clarify the prevalence of B. bovis in China, a total of 2,364 cattle serum samples were randomly collected from 45 different areas of 17 provinces in China. Antibodies against B. bovis were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant C-terminal antigen of B. bovis rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) to evaluate the prevalence of B. bovis. The results showed that the parasite was present in all of the investigated 17 provinces. The positive rate was from 6.40 to 47.27%, and the mean rate was 24.92%. These survey data will provide important information for designing control strategies for bovine babesiosis in China.
Redescription of Paraleptus chiloscyllii Yin et Zhang, 1983 (Nematoda: Physalopteridae) from the Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum (Chondrichthyes: Hemiscylliidae) off Iraq
Authors: González-Solís David , Ali Atheer H.
Published: September 2015

The nematode Paraleptus chiloscyllii Yin et Zhang, 1983 (Physalopteridae) is redescribed on the basis of new material collected from the stomach of the Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum Gubanov (Hemiscylliidae) from marine waters off Iraq. Originally, P. chiloscyllii was found in C. plagiosum (Anonymous [Bennett]) from Fujian, China, but its description was rather poor and some important morphological features, such as deirids, shape and number of structures surrounding mouth, ventral unpaired papilla on the anterior cloacal lip, among others, were overlooked. It differs from its congeners in the shape of spicules and body length, although is very similar to the type species, P. scyllii Wu, 1927, only differing in the inequality of spicules. The generic diagnosis of Paraleptus was amended. Paraleptus minnanensis (Damin et Heqing, 2001) is considered a junior synonym of P. chiloscyllii and some morphological details of the posterior end of a male of P. australis Johnston et Mawson, 1943 are provided. The present finding of P. chiloscyllii in C. arabicum from off Iraq represents new host and geographical records.
Demodex mites as potential etiological factor in chalazion – a study in Poland
Authors: Tarkowski Witold , Owczyńska Marta , Błaszczyk-Tyszka Anna , Młocicki Daniel
Published: September 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of Demodex in the hair follicles of eyelashes and their potential participation in the aetiology of chalazion in patients in Poland. The study of the correlation between the presence of Demodex spp. and chalazion has never been performed in patients in Europe. There is, therefore, a justified necessity to check whether Demodex mites can be a potential risk factor in the development of chalazion in the European population. The samples were examined by light microscope, using standard parasitological methods. A positive result was assumed in the presence of Demodex spp. Demodex was detected in 91.67% of patients with a chalazion. The presence of Demodex was found in subjects from all examined age groups. The results of statistical analysis unambiguously determined the existence of an interrelationship between the presence of Demodex and chalazion. Our results clearly indicate the existence of a correlation between the occurrence of Demodex spp. and chalazion. Confirmation of the positive correlation between Demodex and chalazion in a European population provides further evidence for the pathogenic role of Demodex in the development of eye diseases.
How to assess the quality of your analytical method?
Authors: Topic Elizabeta , Nikolac Nora , Panteghini Mauro , Theodorsson Elvar , Salvagno Gian Luca , Miler Marijana , Simundic Ana-Maria , Infusino Ilenia , Nordin Gunnar , Westgard Sten
Published: September 2015

Laboratory medicine is amongst the fastest growing fields in medicine, crucial in diagnosis, support of prevention and in the monitoring of disease for individual patients and for the evaluation of treatment for populations of patients. Therefore, high quality and safety in laboratory testing has a prominent role in high-quality healthcare. Applied knowledge and competencies of professionals in laboratory medicine increases the clinical value of laboratory results by decreasing laboratory errors, increasing appropriate utilization of tests, and increasing cost effectiveness. This collective paper provides insights into how to validate the laboratory assays and assess the quality of methods. It is a synopsis of the lectures at the 15th European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Continuing Postgraduate Course in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine entitled “How to assess the quality of your method?” (Zagreb, Croatia, 24–25 October 2015). The leading topics to be discussed include who, what and when to do in validation/verification of methods, verification of imprecision and bias, verification of reference intervals, verification of qualitative test procedures, verification of blood collection systems, comparability of results among methods and analytical systems, limit of detection, limit of quantification and limit of decision, how to assess the measurement uncertainty, the optimal use of Internal Quality Control and External Quality Assessment data, Six Sigma metrics, performance specifications, as well as biological variation. This article, which continues the annual tradition of collective papers from the EFLM continuing postgraduate courses in clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, aims to provide further contributions by discussing the quality of laboratory methods and measurements and, at the same time, to offer continuing professional development to the attendees.
Intra-EU Capital Movements: Ten Years Of Poland’s Experiences As An EU Member In The Global Context
Authors: Witkowska Janina
Published: September 2015

The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate the consequences of the establishment of free movement of capital between Poland and the other EU Member States, from the perspective of ten years of Poland’s EU membership. Special attention is paid to the role of intra-EU foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into the Polish economy. The widening of the European Union (EU) in 2004 spurred massive and serious legal and economic adjustment processes in the new EU Member States. The free movement of capital is one part of the socalled ‘four freedoms’ within the single European market, and needed to be established in the relations between the EU-15 and new EU Member States. The new EU Member States were granted a relatively short period of time to make those adjustments. However, the establishment of the free movement of capital between Poland and the rest of the EU did not cause disturbances in its economy. In fact it stabilized some spheres of its economic and social life. The intra-EU FDI inflows may be seen as having facilitated the restructuring processes in the Polish economy. The role of foreign investors in employment and foreign trade is decisive for the stabilization of Poland’s economic situation. The involvement of foreign investors in innovation processes, although growing, has not radically changed Poland’s position in this field. According to the EU innovativeness rankings, Poland belongs to the rank of modest innovators.
Geographical Orientation of Export in Manufacturing Sector in Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Alia Didier Yelognisse
Published: September 2015

This paper analyses firm’s decision to export and the geographical orientation of manufacturing firms in selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It uses a dataset collected by Rankin, Söderbom, and Teal (2006) on manufacturing firms in Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania Nigeria and South Africa over the period 1991–2004. The paper develops a multinomial choice model of export destination in which profit maximizing firms choose between selling only on domestic market, export only to another African country, and export only outside Africa or export to both destinations. The model is estimated using a multinomial logistic regression. The paper finds evidence of a positive effect of firm size and firm efficiency on export decision and its geographical orientation, especially for the decision to export outside Africa. There is also significant industry, country and time effects in explaining export orientation. Unlike many previous studies, this paper finds that foreign ownership does not substantially determine firm decision to export. Using non-parametric regression, the paper finds that there is a lot of heterogeneity in the relation between the explanatory variables and the propensity to export or to export to various geographical destinations.
Does Market Structure or Financial Deepening Impact the Banking Stability? International Evidence
Authors: Wen Shiow-Ying , Yu Jean , Chan Chin-Horng
Published: September 2015

The article explores the effects of financial depth and market structure on banking stability for 24 advanced economies and 18 emerging economies over the period of 2003–2010. We examine how commonality in banking stability varies from emerging markets to advanced nations. Our findings suggest possible explanations for what affects the banking stability with economic transitions on the dynamics evolving from emerging to advanced economies.
Atmospheric circulation and storm events in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Surkova G. V. , Arkhipkin Victor S. , Kislov Alexander V.
Published: September 2015

The storm events in the Baltic Sea are examined in connection with the main weather patterns grouped into the circulation types (CTs), and their changes in present climate. A calendar of storms was derived from results of wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) experiments for 1948-2011. Based on this calendar, a catalogue of atmospheric sea level pressure (SLP) fields was prepared for CTs from the NCEP/NCAR dataset. SLP fields were then analyzed using a pattern recognition algorithm which employed empirical orthogonal decomposition and cluster analysis. For every CT we conducted an analysis of their seasonal and interannual changes, along with their role in storm event formation. An increase of the storm CTs’ frequency in the second part of the 20th century was shown to be in a close agreement with teleconnection circulation patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation and the Scandinavian blocking.
Development of Dynamically Optimized Wireless Transmission System for Wireless Sensor Networks in Highrise Apartment Building Heating Systems / Optimizētas Dinamiskās Bezvadu Sensoru Tīklu Pārraides Risinājuma Izstrāde Daudzstāvu Ēku Apkures Sistēmas Parametru Izgūšanai Un Vadībai
Authors: Isakovs V. , Kondratjevs K. , Kunicina N. , Freliha B. , Zabasta A.
Published: September 2015

Smart meters will be at the centre of the integrated solutions, including interaction with other networks in the next decade. The developed solution for multi-apartment building ventilation and heating parameter monitoring aims to increase energy efficiency and optimal control of the existing system. Dynamic control of heat and ventilation systems, heat loss detection, calculation and mitigation, and individual heat energy accounting are difficult tasks to accomplish. This article deals with the data transmission system using battery powered ISM band radio transmitters. The temperature measurement sensors with cumulative temperature reading are used as sensor part for this solution. The offered approach to monitoring system is used for overall building and individual apartment monitoring. Data coding and antenna designs are explained for this particular application.
Development of Solar Powered Feeding Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks in low Solar Density Conditions / Bezvadu Sensoru Tīklu Elektroapgādes Sistēmas Izstrāde, Kas Izmanto Saules Paneļus Un Darbojas Pazeminātas Saules Radiācijas Apstākļos
Authors: Kondratjevs K. , Zabasta A. , Selmanovs-Pless V.
Published: September 2015

In the recent years, there has been significant research focus on the safety and reliability of data harvesting and optimal energy consuming by wireless sensor network nodes. If external electrical power fails, the node needs to be able to send notifications to the utility demanding the use of backup energy strategies. The authors of the research offer an approach that can help to use PV panels as an alternative power source for WSN nodes in particular irradiation conditions. Survey and testing of the main types of PV panels offered on the market in conditions closed to real ones, in which WSN nodes are maintained, have been implemented. Based on the test results, maximum power control module parameters can be calculated in order to achieve the best effectiveness of the power control system for a selected type of PV panel or panel group. The novelty of the research is an approach that includes an original test bed design for PV testing, PV testing method and selection of design and MPP control module parameters, which ensure maximum effectiveness of WSN node power feeding.
Imaging of myocardial infarction with thermoacoustic tomography: An ex vivo study
Authors: Weizhi Qi , Wei Cai , Xi Lu , Jian Rong , Lin Huang
Published: September 2015

In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) for imaging of ex vivo mouse hearts with myocardial infarction. A circular scanning TAT system with an unfocused transducer was used to recover the dielectric property distribution of normal andmyocardial infarcted mouse heart tissues. The applicability of this myocardial infarction imaging system was validated using a model of myocardial infarction in two Sprague-Dawley rats and verified through comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TAT results not only indicated the location and ischemia and the extent of myocardial ischemia (MI), but also showed good imaging contrast between infarcted and normal myocardium without the use of contrast agent. The experimental results suggest that TAT may provide a unique opportunity to enable real-time precision imaging to determine the site of injury intraoperatively
Genetic variability of Colobanthus quitensis from King George Island (Antarctica)
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna , Szandar Kamil , Giełwanowska Irena
Published: September 2015

Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis) is one of the flowering plant species considered native to maritime Antarctica. Although the species was intensively analyzed towards its morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptation to local environment, its genetic variability is still poorly studied. In the presented study, a recently developed retrotransposon-based DNA marker system (inter Primer Binding Site – iPBS) was applied to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of C. quitensis populations from King George Island (South Shetland Islands, West Antarctic). A total of 143 scoreable bands were detected using 7 iPBS primers among 122 plant specimens representing 8 populations. 55 (38.5%) bands were found polymorphic, with an average of 14.3% polymorphic fragments per primer. Nine of all observed fragments were represented as a private bands deployed unevenly among populations. Low genetic diversity (on average He= 0.040 and I = 0.061) and moderate population differentiation (FST= 0.164) characterize the analyzed material. Clustering based on PCoA revealed, that the populations located on the edges of the study area diverge from the central populations. The pattern of population differentiation corresponds well with their geographic location and the characteristics of the sampling sites. Due to the character of iPBS markers, the observed genetic variability of populations may be explained by the genome rearrangements caused by mobilization of mobile genetic elements in the response to various stress factors. Additionally, this study demonstrates the usefulness of iPBS markers for genetic diversity studies in wild species.
Proton pump inhibitors: recent developments in analytical methodologies
Authors: Patel Mehul M. , Bhuva Satish D. , Patel Miketa M.
Published: September 2015

An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals have been conducted, and the instrumental analytical methods that were developed and used for the determination of proton pump inhibitors in bulk drugs, formulations, and biological fluids have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1990 to 2011 during which 80 analytical methods, including all types of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were reported. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultra violet (UV) detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers, and more than 50 methods were based on liquid chromatography (LC) and ultra violet (UV). A critical analysis of the reported data was carried out and the present state of the art of the analytical techniques for the determination of omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, dexrabeprazole, tenatoprazole, lansoprazole, and dexlansoprazole is discussed.
Assessing Intake of Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Adolescents: its Relationship with Weight Status
Authors: Mihalache Laura , Niță Otilia , Gherasim Andreea , Ringhilescu Irina , Popa Alina Delia , Graur Mariana , Arhire Lidia Iuliana
Published: September 2015

Background and aims. The aim of the study is to evaluate fluid intake during adolescence and correlate it with weight status. Material and methods. We assessed fluid intake using a validated questionnaire in a group of 106 adolescent students (22 boys - 20.8%), aged 15-19 years. Weight status was evaluated with the BMI-for-age values,using growth normograms. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of water intake between sexes (p>0.05). Water intake at least 3 times a day was declared by 72.16% of normal weight students and in 66% of overweight and obese, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.003). Boys consumed larger amounts of water (p=0.042) than girls. Intake of 100% natural fruit juice was significantly higher in boys compared to girls (p=0.002). A significantly higher percentage of normal weight adolescents consumed≤500 mL/day non-carbonated (p=0.004) and carbonated (p<0.001) sugar-sweetened beverages compared to the overweight or obese, who consumed ≥500 mL/day. Conclusions. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of fluid intake among adolescents is a mandatory step in the assessment of calorie and nutritional intake. Promoting low-calorie fluid intake in this age group, along with the principles of healthy eating, could contribute to achieving an optimal weight status.
The Prevalence of Diabetogenic Risk Factors in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mitrache Marilena , Ancuceanu Robert , Ionescu-Tîrgoviște Constantin
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims: The aim of this paper was the improvement of diabetes mellitus primary prevention through analysis of the prevalence of diabetogenic risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study group comprises 1590 newly diagnosed subjects with diabetes mellitus in a 24 month period in Ploiesti Municipal Hospital. We analyzed the prevalence in this population of some diabetogenic risk factors reported by different risk scores, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (CA), physical activity at least 30 minutes a day, daily fruit and vegetable consumption, blood pressure history, family history of diabetes, etc. Results: Two-thirds of the patients declared a recent major stress. 74% had dyslipidemia at enrolment or hypolipidemic treatment. The presence of fetal macrosomia in the personal history was about 21%, from which 66% with a familial diabetes mellitus history. Conclusions: The risk factors` increased prevalence in diabetes mellitus detected in the analyzed sample population should determine an increased vigilance for an early screening of the people at risk, and to an early diagnosis of the disease.
Communication as a Key Issue in the Care of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Grigorescu Elena-Daniela , Lăcătuşu Cristina Mihaela , Botnariu Gina Eosefina , Popescu Raluca Maria , Popa Alina Delia , Onofriescu Alina , Mihai Bogdan-Mircea
Published: September 2015

The physician-patient communication has an essential role in establishing and supporting the relationship between these two partners. Moreover, modern medicine highlights the patient-centered approach. Publications assessing the impact of an efficient physicianpatient communication on medical care results in diseases such as diabetes and hypertension have revealed a positive correlation between patient’s satisfaction about the communication with the physician and values of blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin and pain intensity. Interventions needed in both doctors and patients for developing communication abilities were paid special attention in order to achieve an appropriate improvement in their communicative interaction during periodical appointments. In the field of diabetes mellitus, the medical challenge is to improve patients’ knowledge about medical care; this aim is achieved only by therapeutic education, using high-quality communication techniques.
Personal and Social Responsibility in Obesity
Authors: Arhire Lidia Iuliana
Published: September 2015

The health of a population is a social asset. The individual and the society contribute to it through biology and behaviour, environment and health systems. An ethical and responsible conduct from all parties is expected but difficult to legislate while seeking to respect personal and collective rights and freedoms. Out of all chronic diseases related to lifestyle, obesity is the best example to give when discussing if individuals are the only ones responsible for engaging in healthy behaviours or not, or whether environmental factors undermine their ability to act in their best interest and erode their freedom. It is still a controversial issue if the heath systems resources could be distributed according to the personal responsibility for health. The aim of this article is to review literature data about personal and social responsibility in relation to obesity.
Russell on "Disambiguating with the Grain"
Authors: Klement Kevin C.
Published: September 2015

Fregeans face the difficulty finding a notation for distinguishing statements about the sense or meaning of an expression as opposed to its reference or denotation. Famously, in "On Denoting", Russell rejected methods that begin with an expression designating its denotation, and then alter it with a "the meaning of" operator to designate the meaning. Such methods attempt an impossible "backward road" from denotation to meaning. Contemporary neo-Fregeans, however, have suggested that we can disambiguate with, rather than against, the grain, by using a notation that begins with expressions designating senses or meanings, and then alters them with a "the denotation of" operator to designate the denotation. I show that in his manuscripts of 1903–05, Russell both considered and rejected a similar notation along with the metaphysical suppositions underlying it. This discussion sheds light on the evolution of Russell's thought, and may yet be instructive for ongoing debates.
Russell in the Lords
Authors: Willis Kirk
Published: September 2015

Bertrand Russell sat in the House of Lords as the third Earl Russell from 1931 to 1970. In these nearly 40 years as a Labour peer, Russell proved to be a fitful attender and infrequent participant in the upper house—speaking only six times. This paper examines each of these interventions—studying not just the speeches themselves but also their genesis and impact within Parliament and without. Of all the controversial and important foreign and domestic issues faced by Parliament over these four decades, it was matters of peace and war which prompted Russell to take advantage of his hereditary position and, more importantly, of the national forum which the Lords' chamber provided him.
The Fallacy in Russell's Schema
Authors: Slater Hartley
Published: September 2015

An analysis of the paradoxes of self-reference, which Bertrand Russell initiated, exposes the common fallacy in them, and has consequences for some of Graham Priest's work. Notably it undermines his defence of the Domain Principle, and his consequent belief that there are true contradictions. Use of Hilbert's epsilon calculus shows, instead, that we must allow for indeterminacy of sense in connection with paradoxes of self-reference.
The Development of Russell's Diagrams for Judgment
Authors: Carey Rosalind
Published: September 2015

In his 1918 lectures, The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, Russell discusses the impossibility of drawing a diagram or "map-in-space" of the form of belief (judgment). In this paper, I argue that an examination of diagrams appended to Russell's Theory of Knowledge shows him already anticipating this symbolizing difficulty in 1913 and—in the midst of attempting to adopt Wittgenstein's doctrine of propositional bipolarity—jettisoning attempts to diagram the form of belief.
The Nature of Liberal Civilization: a Discussion
Authors: Hook Sidney , Russell Bertrand
Published: September 2015

The discussion was recorded for the BBC on 25 September 1953.
The Act of Remembering, the Xianchang of Recording
Authors: Zito Angela
Published: September 2015

The Minjian jiyi yingxiang jihua or Folk/Minjian Memory Project of Caochangdi (CCD) Workstation in Beijing, led by Wu Wenguang and Wen Hui, provides a multi-media effort springing from interviews by a team of young people in the countryside about the Great Leap Forward Famine of the late 1950s. The project combines feature documentaries with the archiving of oral history video, and embeds the resulting digital work in theatrical performances. This essay concentrates upon several of its early documentaries that combine the aesthetics of “making-of” films with a “filial quest,” a search for historical news to expand the self in history, in a human time that is counted in generations. Amid ongoing and constantly remade filial obligation and attachments of love and anger, these documentary makers and the people they film wrestle with this fact: while memories are objectifications of the past, remembering is an act in the present.
The “Trivialist Cinema” of Roy Andersson
Authors: Ratner Megan
Published: September 2015

An essay on and interview with Roy Andersson about A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence in which the writer-director discusses the final installment of his Living Trilogy in terms of his use of artifice, of non-professional actors, of merciless lighting, cinema’s relation to other art forms, realism versus abstraction, Swedish and global history, and anachronism.
New Visions, Old Crises
Authors: Rich B. Ruby
Published: September 2015

Editor-in-Chief B. Ruby Rich reports on a new partnership between FQ and the Ford Foundation. Film Quarterly, in partnership with the Ford Foundation’s JustFilms initiative, hereby launches a new effort focused on the future of documentary and its capacity to address issues of social justice, in the United States and globally, on screens of all sorts and sizes. The effort will also encompass the assessment of dramatic films aimed at transformation, whether in the U.S. or elsewhere in the world. JustFilms has already had a powerful impact on the world through its support of filmmakers and filmmaking institutions. With this grant, Ford brings FQ into the conversation. Criticism and analysis are crucial to the development of a medium. This recognition by the Ford Foundation of the critical importance of thinking about representation can encourage writers to think big, to consider documentary strategies with renewed vigor, and to broaden the field for documentary analysis as well as reporting. FQ will be better equipped to report on the field of documentary as well as to play a bigger role in helping to shape it—through publication and participation.
Screenings
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: September 2015

Regular FQ columnist Paul Julian Smith looks back on the 40-year history o Mexico’s State Film School and interviews the main players and administrators who give their predictions for the future of the school. Smith discusses the CCC’s competitors, and the challenges that they face in keeping their institution relevant in the Mexican media market.
Unsettling the Archive
Authors: Forster Nicholas
Published: September 2015

This review essay examines the Film Society at Lincoln Center’s program Tell It Like It Is: Black Independents in New York, 1968–1986. Incorporating both television programs and cinematic (un)releases, Tell It Like It Is manages to highlight an often diminished or forgotten era in black image-making while also revealing a unique moment in television history. The double bind at the heart of such a program is the question of how to recognize and engage the wealth of material produced over the course of twenty years while still crafting a coherent series. By foregrounding testimonies from the past and standing as a testament to the failures of the present, this series challenges a film history that has repeatedly blotted out the work of black filmmakers.
Vision, Mystery, and Release in the Reverse Field
Authors: Williams James S.
Published: September 2015

While working around a basic plot-line of betrayal, Bruno Dumont’s L’il Quinquin references the codes and clichés both of comedy and television crime series by using the serial format to convey the work of a serial killer, and fully exploiting the possibilities for expanding characterization and reduplicating key actions and motifs. Comedy has always been present in Dumont’s work, of course, but only in small doses and only implicitly. If in Humanity the absurdity and burlesque effects were often just plain odd, in L’il Quinquin the laughter is frontal and explicit. It ranges from brutal black humor and caricature to social parody and satire of the police, the Church, science, and the media (long-standing themes in Dumont), and from physical gags and carnivalesque farce to vaudeville grotesquerie. L’il Quinquin swings constantly between the genres of light comedy, murder mystery, social drama, and the study of rural life.
The Digital, the Virtual, and the Possible
Authors: Longo Regina
Published: September 2015

An interview with media scholar Homay King on the publication of her book Virtual Memory: Time-Based Media Art and the Dream of Digitality. Film Quarterly readers can access Chapter 2 of King’s book, “Christian Marclay’s Two Clocks,” online at www.filmquarterly.org/category/pageviews/.
Long-Lasting Gene Conversion Shapes the Convergent Evolution of the Critical Methanogenesis Genes
Authors: Wang Sishuo , Chen Youhua , Cao Qinhong , Lou Huiqiang
Published: September 2015

Methanogenesis and its key small-molecule methyltransferase Mtr complex are poorly understood despite their pivotal role in Earth’s global carbon cycle. Mtr complex is encoded by a conserved mtrEDCBAFGH operon in most methanogens. Here we report that two discrete lineages, Methanococcales and Methanomicrobiales, have a noncanonical mtr operon carrying two copies of mtrA resulting from an ancient duplication. Compared to mtrA-1, mtrA-2 acquires a distinct transmembrane domain through domain shuffling and gene fusion. However, the nontransmembrane domains (MtrA domain) of mtrA-1 and mtrA-2 are homogenized by gene conversion events lasting throughout the long history of these extant methanogens (over 2410 million years). Furthermore, we identified a possible recruitment of ancient nonmethanogenic methyltransferase genes to establish the methanogenesis pathway. These results not only provide novel evolutionary insight into the methanogenesis pathway and methyltransferase superfamily but also suggest an unanticipated long-lasting effect of gene conversion on gene evolution in a convergent pattern.
Linkage Mapping Reveals Strong Chiasma Interference in Sockeye Salmon: Implications for Interpreting Genomic Data
Authors: Limborg Morten T , Waples Ryan K , Allendorf Fred W , Seeb James E
Published: September 2015

Meiotic recombination is fundamental for generating new genetic variation and for securing proper disjunction. Further, recombination plays an essential role during the rediploidization process of polyploid-origin genomes because crossovers between pairs of homeologous chromosomes retain duplicated regions. A better understanding of how recombination affects genome evolution is crucial for interpreting genomic data; unfortunately, current knowledge mainly originates from a few model species. Salmonid fishes provide a valuable system for studying the effects of recombination in nonmodel species. Salmonid females generally produce thousands of embryos, providing large families for conducting inheritance studies. Further, salmonid genomes are currently rediploidizing after a whole genome duplication and can serve as models for studying the role of homeologous crossovers on genome evolution. Here, we present a detailed interrogation of recombination patterns in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). First, we use RAD sequencing of haploid and diploid gynogenetic families to construct a dense linkage map that includes paralogous loci and location of centromeres. We find a nonrandom distribution of paralogs that mainly cluster in extended regions distally located on 11 different chromosomes, consistent with ongoing homeologous recombination in these regions. We also estimate the strength of interference across each chromosome; results reveal strong interference and crossovers are mostly limited to one per arm. Interference was further shown to continue across centromeres, but metacentric chromosomes generally had at least one crossover on each arm. We discuss the relevance of these findings for both mapping and population genomic studies.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Suggests Schizophrenia Risk Mechanisms in Humans with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Merico Daniele , Zarrei Mehdi , Costain Gregory , Ogura Lucas , Alipanahi Babak , Gazzellone Matthew J , Butcher Nancy J , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Nalpathamkalam Thomas , Chow Eva W C , Andrade Danielle M , Frey Brendan J , Marshall Christian R , Scherer Stephen W , Bassett Anne S
Published: September 2015

Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletions impart a high but incomplete risk for schizophrenia. Possible mechanisms include genome-wide effects of DGCR8 haploinsufficiency. In a proof-of-principle study to assess the power of this model, we used high-quality, whole-genome sequencing of nine individuals with 22q11.2 deletions and extreme phenotypes (schizophrenia, or no psychotic disorder at age >50 years). The schizophrenia group had a greater burden of rare, damaging variants impacting protein-coding neurofunctional genes, including genes involved in neuron projection (nominal P = 0.02, joint burden of three variant types). Variants in the intact 22q11.2 region were not major contributors. Restricting to genes affected by a DGCR8 mechanism tended to amplify between-group differences. Damaging variants in highly conserved long intergenic noncoding RNA genes also were enriched in the schizophrenia group (nominal P = 0.04). The findings support the 22q11.2 deletion model as a threshold-lowering first hit for schizophrenia risk. If applied to a larger and thus better-powered cohort, this appears to be a promising approach to identify genome-wide rare variants in coding and noncoding sequence that perturb gene networks relevant to idiopathic schizophrenia. Similarly designed studies exploiting genetic models may prove useful to help delineate the genetic architecture of other complex phenotypes.