bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Notaries/Land Deed Officials in Combating Money Laundering Crimes with the Know Your Customer Principle
Authors: Indrawati Utama Putri , Tresno Novianto Widodo , Purwadi Hari
Published: May 2024

This research delves into the alarming intersection of notaries/land deed officials and money laundering crimes, highlighting the role of notarial services as potential facilitators in illicit financial activities. While notaries traditionally serve as impartial witnesses to document signings, their involvement in verifying transactions has increasingly attracted scrutiny due to the potential for abuse by money launderers. This study examines the vulnerabilities within the notarial system that may be exploited for money laundering purposes, including lax regulatory frameworks, inadequate due diligence practices, and the lack of standardized reporting mechanisms. The abstract also explores the challenges in detecting and preventing such illicit activities, emphasizing the need for enhanced regulatory oversight, improved training for notarial professionals, and increased collaboration between regulatory bodies, law enforcement, and the notarial community and also implementing the principle of know your customer. As the findings suggest, addressing these issues is crucial for safeguarding the integrity of notarial services and fortifying the global financial system against the insidious threat of money laundering.
The Forms Of Notary Public Responsibilities Regarding False Statements In Land Deed Making
Authors: Fitri Nabilah Hasna , Saptanti Noor , Mayastuti Anti
Published: May 2024

A Notary Public, as a public official authorized to create deeds related to land, must have specific expertise in the field of land to ensure that the deeds created do not cause issues in the future. If problems arise due to negligence on the part of the Notary Public, the deed may only have legal validity as an underhand deed. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of accountability for Notary Publics for their negligence in creating land sale deeds based on false information. This research employs a normative legal research method to examine and analyze legal norms and the Verdict of the District Court Number 51/Pid.B/2022/PN.Bla. The findings of this research are the forms of Notary Public responsibility for deeds annulled by the court related to the case in this study, including: a) administrative sanctions, such as article 13 of Ministerial Regulation of ATR/BPN No. 2/2018, which involves temporary suspension for up to 1 (one) year and imposition of administrative fines; b) civil sanctions, such as Article 1365 of the Civil Code, which involves reimbursement of costs, compensation, and interest; and c) criminal sanctions, such as article 263 of the Penal Code (forgery of documents) carrying a maximum prison sentence of six years, and Article 264 paragraph (1) of the Penal Code (forgery of authentic deeds) carrying a maximum prison sentence of eight years.
Belumosudil (Rezurock)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada’s federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses belumosudil (Rezurock), 200 mg oral tablets once daily.
Indication: For the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with chronic graft-versus-host disease after failure of at least 2 prior lines of systemic therapy.
Exploring the Factors Influencing Undernutrition Among Children Under Five in Tanzania
Authors: Kanire Ezekiel , Erick Stephen Bishibura , Mdoe Christopher N.
Published: May 2024

Undernutrition is common, especially in low-income countries. Tanzania has the highest number of stunted and wasted children. This present study aims to analyze the determinants of undernutrition among children under the age of five in the country. The Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data (TDHS) for 2015/16 was utilized in this research, which employed a cross-sectional survey technique. Research employed a binary logit model to analyze the determinants of undernutrition among under five years in Tanzania. Study outcomes shed light on key determinants of undernutrition among under-five children in the nation. Results illustrate that child age, gender, parental maternal education, marital status, access to clean water, and food security emerge as significant factors influencing the prevalence of stunting. Variables including secondary education, university education, parent education, marital status, food security, and access to clean water were associated with child wasting. Results at the same time indicate that child gender (4.15, with a p-value of 0.000), secondary education (Odds Ratio: 4.06, p-value: 0.019), university education of parents (Odds Ratio=4.53, p-value=0.021), and marital status (2.52, with a p-value of 0.039) are significantly associated with child underweight. These findings highlight the nature of undernutrition, necessitating comprehensive and targeted interventions. Addressing these determinants, which promote educational initiatives, enhance water accessibility, and foster food security, is vital to establishing effective tactics for curbing undernutrition among the vulnerable demographic of under-five children in Tanzania.
Effect of Learner-Centered Approach Application on Learning Outcomes in Secondary School at Advanced Level: A Case of Rulindo District, Rwanda (2021-2023)
Authors: Mbonimana Silas , Sikubwabo Cyprien
Published: May 2024

This study explores the effect of applying a learner-centered approach on learning outcomes in secondary schools at the advanced level in Rwanda. The aim of this research is to examine whether the implementation of a learner-centered approach leads to improved learning outcomes in Rwanda's secondary schools. This study used mixed-methods research involving quantitative and qualitative methods. The target population consisted of 141 individuals, including 87 teachers and other school leaders, located in 17 sectors of Rulindo District. The researcher employed cluster sampling for school selection. Questionnaires, interview guides, and documentation reviews were used to collect relevant data. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.892, which is above 0.7 in this study. This indicates that the scale has a high degree of internal consistency. The interpretation touched on means, standard deviation, and regression analysis, which are complementary to the results from the interview. The findings revealed that the application of a learner-centered approach has a significant effect on learning outcomes. This is obvious when we look at the beta and p-value for learner-centered approach application dimensions such as active learning, cooperative learning, and inductive teaching learning linked to the objectives of this study. The variables' p and β values are as follows: active learning (β=0.777, p value<0.05); cooperative learning (β=0.208, p value<0.05); and inductive teaching learning (β=0.037, p value˃0.05). To make the learner-centered approach very successful, Rwanda's government, stakeholders, school leaders, and parents should make more efforts to address issues related to the learner-centered approach application from which students come.
O imaginário mítico na Obra "Makunaímã: o mito através do tempo", a história do Jacaré
Authors: Chaves Maria Genailze , Sidnei Carniel Lucas , Batista de Melo Oliveira Valdeci
Published: May 2024

Este artigo expõe o mito do jacaré presente na obra Makunaimã: o mito através do tempo (2019), texto híbrido e de autoria múltipla que contempla narrativas orais de Akuli Taurepang sobre os aspectos diversos da vida dos povos Makuxi, Taurepang e Wapichana. Assim, articula-se a respeito do imaginário mítico indígena dos Makuxi, contado por Jaider Esbell. O objetivo está em mostrar e analisar essa contação oral, atribuindo justa credibilidade às sociedades indígenas e aos seus ancestrais, verdadeiros criadores e contadores dessas histórias. Esta pesquisa bibliográfi ca ampara-se, dentre outras, nas teorias de Viveiros de Castro (2000), Almeida e Queiroz (2004), Munduruku (2008) e Graúna (2013), que dialogam com a literatura indígena, o mito, e refl etem sobre como essas narrativas, atualmente, são vistas sob o olhar de resistência. Portanto, esse mito é percebido sob uma perspectiva de luta, um projeto que reverbera a ancestralidade e a vivência ainda presentes em povos indígenas.
O protagonismo Tiriyó e o domínio das ferramentas de denúncias na década de 1980
Authors: Mendonça Joanan Marques de
Published: May 2024

A Missão Tiriyó surgiu em 1964 e marcou profundamente a vida de seus habitantes. O projeto do governo brasileiro, em parceria com os frades Franciscanos, se deu através da formação de um núcleo populacional na fronteira com o Suriname, o qual trouxe inúmeras mudanças ao povo Tiriyó. As memórias do contato são muitas e revelam os medos e incertezas de um povo em transformação. Entretanto, seus mecanismos e estratégias para diminuir a infl uência dos invasores marcaram o interesse do presente estudo, permitindo-nos a partir do enfoque na história oral e na análise dos documentos por eles produzidos, evidenciar um contexto de inquietude cuja busca por liberdade e autonomia lhes possibilitou formular um discurso de oposição ao projeto estabelecido. Para tanto, vale salientar que o domínio do português e dos códigos jurídicos brasileiros revelaram-se cruciais para manutenção dos interesses coletivos na luta por direitos na nova sociedade.
O programa Observatório da Imprensa e a série “Chumbo Quente”: testemunhos e a luta por reparação e justiça nos 50 anos do golpe de 1964
Authors: Moreno dos Santos Polliana
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa que investigou a memória midiática sobre a atuação da imprensa nos anos da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, presente em “Chumbo Quente”, série televisiva exibida em 2014, na efeméride dos 50 anos do golpe civil-militar de 1964, produzida pelo programa Observatório da Imprensa, que era apresentado por Alberto Dines, intelectual do jornalismo brasileiro. O contexto de produção e exibição foi infl uenciado pelos trabalhos da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, instituída pela Lei n° 12.528/2011 e cujo Relatório Final resultou em debates intensos na sociedade. Nesse sentido, analisamos três testemunhos que aparecem na referida série, cujas histórias se entrecruzam, com sentido de reparação e justiça: a advogada Lygia Jobim, a jornalista Hildegard Angel e o ex-delegado do Departamento de Ordem Política e Social (Dops) Claúdio Guerra. Partimos da análise de “Chumbo Quente” como testemunho audiovisual e da realização de entrevistas com membros do Observatório da Imprensa.
Combates pela história, disputas de memórias: O caso do golpe de 1964 e a ditadura
Authors: Nobero Lineker
Published: May 2024

A intenção deste artigo é demonstrar como os combates pela história são sempre disputas de memórias. Para tanto, avalio um caso em particular. Questionando as memórias apaziguadoras que sustentam a imagem da sociedade vítima resistente à ditadura, Daniel Aarão Reis Filho reforça, mesmo sem admitir, outras memórias coletivas vinculadas à luta política e presentes no debate historiográfi co. A saber, aquelas que insistem que a sociedade não resistiu, pelo contrário, foi cúmplice, responsável, cada um ao seu modo, pela ditadura. Incluindo as esquerdas, que ao invés de democratas resistentes, eram autoritárias radicais.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID FSO / RF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH RECEIVE DIVERSITY IN THE PRESENCE OF CHI-SQUARE/GAMMA TURBULENCE AND RICIAN FADING
Authors:   University of Pristina, Panic Stefan , Petrovic Vera , Draskovic Slobodan ,   School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kontrec Natasa ,   University of Pristina, Milojevic Sasa ,   University of Kragujevac
Published: May 2024

Within mobile communication systems, the inherent limitations of mobile devices necessitate a considerable portion of signal processing to occur at the base station. The technique of multiple access at the base station, entailing the amalgamation of diverse received signals, plays a pivotal role in the reconstruction of the original signal. This investigation introduces an innovative hybrid FSO/RF system that operates via a single-hop transfer, adeptly incorporating the concept of receive diversity to effectively counteract the challenges posed by saturated atmospheric turbulence. It is important to note that the FSO channel is observed under the Gamma/Chi-Square turbulence model, while the RF channel adheres to the Rician fading model. Notably, the study also yields a closed-form expression for the outage probability of the system. The results underscore significant enhancements in comparison to conventional FSO and RF systems. Despite the demand for an advanced receiver, the proposed hybrid architecture presents substantial improvements that significantly impact the performance of the communication system. It's noteworthy that at the reception, the Switch and Stay (SSC) combining technique along with Selection Combining diversity (SC) strategies are being observed. This holistic approach not only addresses the challenges posed by atmospheric conditions but also harnesses the benefits of diversity techniques to enhance the overall reliability and performance of the communication system.
DO ENSINO EM LINHA AO ENSINO ONLINE: PRÁTICAS (DES) SINCRONIZADAS NA ESCOLA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Santos Carlos de Souza , Leal Debóra Aráujo
Published: May 2024

Do ensino em linha ao ensino online: práticas (des) sincronizadas na escola em tempos de pandemia visa compreender qual o olhar dos educadores da escola municipal vida nova acerca da utilização das ferramentas digitais em relação a sua prática pedagógica. Em pleno século XXI, a formação inicial dos professores em todo o país em sua grande maioria, ainda não contempla o ensino voltado para as tecnologias educacionais. Os alunos oriundos desse período, também chamados de nativos digitais, possuem muito mais facilidade ao lidar com as tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC). O período pandêmico serviu como laboratório de pesquisa na unidade escolar, para compreender a distância secular que separa o educador do educando no contexto tecnológico e a suas problemáticas históricas, políticas e sociais. A relevância da pesquisa para a escola é justamente mostrar que não basta à instituição adquirir vários recursos tecnológicos, se os professores do século XX não faz uso deles, seja pela sua formação inicial, pela falta de formação atual, pela jornada de trabalho desgastante ou simplesmente pela dificuldade no manuseio que consequentemente interfere em sua prática pedagógica. Além disso, é imprescindível que a escola faça uma reflexão junto à comunidade escolar sobre a importância da tecnologia e a sala de aula, diante as novas concepções de educação imposta pelo atual cenário social. Diante disso, fica evidenciado a importância da coordenação pedagógica da unidade escolar no processo de acolhimento, motivação, interação e conquista do educador durante as formações continuadas em tecnologias educacionais.
Analize Die Casting process and Structure of HDF 12 Material for Lower Arm
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf Nurfani
Published: May 2024

Steel is part of raw material for manufacturing process making a product. Ferro Casting Ductile is part of manufacturing process from iron ore to be metal part using casting process. Die casting is a part of manufacturing process especially in automotive industries for engine of vehicle production process. this research will be focus on casting process, Ferro Casting Ductile (FCD). In this research using material steel HDF 12 Material, in this process production Magnesium, Pig Iron, Scrap, Silicon, Carburizer, Inoculant and Slagtol.  Manufacturing process is melting process of all raw material using temperature (melting point) at 1100 - 1400 ºC. When Specimen finish to process production will be analyze using spicrometer and SM machine for check of characteristic material and structure for crack issue. The result show that after casting process, the HDF12 have composition rate iron (Fe) content, namely 93.37% and also carbon (C) 3.82% and silicon (Si) 2.31% after check using. As visual check after die casting, lower arm is there no any crack, flash, flow mark finding by visual check inspection result. SEM Measurement check result until 300μm the result show that no any finding crack issue and result of Tensile strength of material Lower Arm upper limit is 433Kgf/cm2 and lower limit is 420 Kgf/cm and Elongation is 32%.
Drone-based photogrammetry combined with deep learning to estimate hail size distributions and melting of hail on the ground
Authors: Lainer Martin , Brennan Killian P. , Hering Alessandro , Kopp Jérôme , Monhart Samuel , Wolfensberger Daniel , Germann Urs
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Hail is a major threat associated with severe thunderstorms, and estimating the hail size is important for issuing warnings to the public. For the validation of existing operational, radar-derived hail estimates, ground-based observations are necessary. Automatic hail sensors, for example within the Swiss Hail Network, record the kinetic energy of hailstones to estimate the hail sizes. Due to the small size of the observational area of these sensors (0.2 m2), the full hail size distribution (HSD) cannot be retrieved. To address this issue, we apply a state-of-the-art custom trained deep learning object detection model to drone-based aerial photogrammetric data to identify hailstones and estimate the HSD. Photogrammetric data of hail on the ground were collected for one supercell thunderstorm crossing central Switzerland from southwest to northeast in the afternoon of 20 June 2021. The hail swath of this intense right-moving supercell was intercepted a few minutes after the passage at a soccer field near Entlebuch (canton of Lucerne, Switzerland) and aerial images were taken by a commercial DJI drone, equipped with a 45-megapixel full-frame camera system. The resulting images have a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.5 mm per pixel, defined by the focal length of 35 mm of the camera and a flight altitude of 12 m above the ground. A 2-dimensional orthomosaic model of the survey area (750.4 m2) is created based on 116 captured images during the first drone mapping flight. Hail is then detected using a region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN). We first characterize the hail sizes based on the individual hail segmentation masks resulting from the model detections and investigate the performance using manual hail annotations by experts to generate validation and test data sets. The final HSD, composed of 18 207 hailstones, is compared with nearby automatic hail sensor observations, the operational weather-radar-based hail product MESHS (Maximum Expected Severe Hail Size) and crowdsourced hail reports. Based on the retrieved data set, a statistical assessment of sampling errors of hail sensors is carried out. Furthermore, five repetitions of the drone-based photogrammetry mission within 18.65 min facilitate investigations into the hail-melting process on the ground.
A Holocene history of climate, fire, landscape evolution, and human activity in northeastern Iceland
Authors: Ardenghi Nicolò , Harning David J. , Raberg Jonathan H. , Holman Brooke R. , Thordarson Thorvaldur , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford H. , Sepúlveda Julio
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions across Iceland provide a template for past changes in climate across the northern North Atlantic, a crucial region due to its position relative to the global northward heat transport system and its vulnerability to climate change. The roles of orbitally driven summer cooling, volcanism, and human impact as triggers of local environmental changes in the Holocene of Iceland remain debated. While there are indications that human impact may have reduced environmental resilience during late Holocene summer cooling, it is still difficult to resolve to what extent human and natural factors affected Iceland's late Holocene landscape instability. Here, we present a continuous Holocene fire record of northeastern Iceland from proxies archived in Stóra Viðarvatn sediment. We use pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyroPAHs) to trace shifts in fire regimes, paired with continuous biomarker and bulk geochemical records of soil erosion, lake productivity, and human presence. The molecular composition of pyroPAHs and a wind pattern reconstruction indicate a naturally driven fire signal that is mostly regional. Generally low fire frequency during most of the Holocene significantly increased at 3 ka and again after 1.5 ka BP before known human settlement in Iceland. We propose that shifts in vegetation type caused by cooling summers over the past 3 kyr, in addition to changes in atmospheric circulation, such as shifts in North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) regime, led to increased aridity and biomass flammability. Our results show no evidence of faecal biomarkers associated with human activity during or after human colonisation in the 9th century CE. Instead, faecal biomarkers follow the pattern described by erosional proxies, pointing toward a negligible human presence and/or a diluted signal in the lake's catchment. However, low post-colonisation levels of pyroPAHs, in contrast to an increasing flux of erosional bulk proxies, suggest that farming and animal husbandry may have suppressed fire frequency by reducing the spread and flammability of fire-prone vegetation (e.g. heathlands). Overall, our results describe a fire frequency heavily influenced by long-term changes in climate through the Holocene. They also suggest that human colonisation had contrasting effects on the local environment by lowering its resilience to soil erosion while increasing its resilience to fire.
Monitoring the coastal-offshore water interactions in the Levantine Sea using ocean color and deep supervised learning
Authors: Baaklini Georges , Brajard Julien , Issa Leila , Fifani Gina , Mortier Laurent , El Hourany Roy
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Understanding and tracking the surface circulation of the Levantine Sea presents significant challenges, particularly close to the coast. This difficulty arises due to two main factors: the limited availability of in-situ observations and the increasing inaccuracies in altimetry data close to the coastline. Here, we propose a new approach to monitor the interaction between offshore and coastal waters. In this approach, we develop a pattern detection model using deep learning by training the U-Net model on ocean color data to track the interactions between the coastal and offshore water in the Levantine Sea. The results showed the presence of notable variations in the behavior of coastal currents as they progress northward beyond 33.8° E. As these coastal currents become increasingly unstable, they exhibit continuous pinching-off events that are missed by conventional observational tools. These pinching-off events, observed especially along the Lebanese coast, manifest in various patterns evolving simultaneously. Typically, these patterns have a relatively short lifespan of a few weeks, appearing and disappearing rapidly. However, these structures can evolve into larger eddies that endure over four months in some years, especially in the Northern part of the Lebanese coasts. Although these structures could be observed during all the seasons, spring consistently records the lowest activity of these structures. Overall, we showed that the pinching-off events were always observed in the eastern part of the Levantine Sea. On the contrary, in the southern part along the Egyptian coasts, the coastal flow is more stable in the southern region, where these events are less frequently observed, with more than 63 % of the total observations not exhibiting any pinching-off events. Moreover, when these events occur in the south, their spatial extent is notably limited. This research not only sheds light on previously missed (or underestimated) coastal current dynamics in the Levantine Sea but also highlights the crucial need to increase in-situ observations to advance our understanding of this region’s complex oceanographic processes.
Alicenet – An Italian network of Automated Lidar-Ceilometers for 4D aerosol monitoring: infrastructure, data processing, and applications
Authors: Bellini Annachiara , Diémoz Henri , Di Liberto Luca , Gobbi Gian Paolo , Bracci Alessandro , Pasqualini Ferdinando , Barnaba Francesca
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The vertically-resolved information on aerosol particles represents a key aspect in many atmospheric studies, ranging from aerosol-climate interactions to those investigating aerosol impacts on air quality and human health. This kind of information can be primarily derived by lidar active remote sensing and extended networks of these systems are currently run at the global scale. A network of Automated Lidar-Ceilometers (ALCs), Alicenet, was set up in Italy in 2015 by the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) of the National Research Council (CNR). Alicenet grew up in these years as a cooperative effort of Italian institutions dealing with atmospheric science and monitoring, and includes regional Environmental Protection Agencies, Universities and Research Centres. In the current configuration, the network runs both single-channel ALCs and dual channel, polarisation-sensitive systems (PLCs) operating in very different environments (urban, coastal, mountainous and volcanic areas) from Northern to Southern Italy, thus allowing the continuous monitoring of the aerosol vertical distribution across the country. Alicenet also contributes to the EUMETSAT program E-PROFILE, filling an Italian observational gap compared to other EU Member States. In this work, we present the Alicenet infrastructure and a detailed description of the specifically-developed data processing chain converting raw instrumental (Level 0) data into quantitative information on aerosol properties, with output products ranging from attenuated backscatter to aerosol mass and vertical stratification from the surface up to the upper troposphere (output data Levels 1–3). Overall, this setup provides from near real-time to long-term overviews of the 4D aerosol field over Italy. Examples of both are reported in this work. Specific comparisons of the Alicenet products to relevant independent measurements of different parameters (e.g. surface PM10, sunphotometer AOD) are also included, revealing the good performances of the Alicenet algorithms. Overall, Alicenet represents a valuable resource to extend the current aerosol observational capabilities in Italy and in the Central European Mediterranean area, and contributes to bridge a gap between atmospheric science and its application to specific sectors, among which: a) air quality, b) solar energy, c) aviation safety. More in general, the maturity of the ALC/PLC instrumentation and of the data processing tools available within the wider international scientific/technical atmospheric community suggest lidar-ceilometer networks could usefully integrate current EU Atmospheric Research Infrastructures for aerosol studies.
Updated climatological mean ΔfCO2 and net sea–air CO2 flux over the global open ocean regions
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , Munro David R. , McKinley Galen A. , Pierrot Denis , Sutherland Stewart C. , Sweeney Colm , Wanninkhof Rik
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The late Taro Takahashi (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University) and colleagues provided the first near-global monthly air–sea CO2 flux climatology in Takahashi et al. (1997), based on available surface water partial pressure of CO2 measurements. This product has been a benchmark for uptake of CO2 in the ocean. Several versions have been provided since, with improvements in procedures and large increases in observations, culminating in the authoritative assessment in Takahashi et al. (2009a, b). Here we provide and document the last iteration using a greatly increased dataset (SOCATv2022) and determining fluxes using air–sea partial pressure differences as a climatological reference for the period 1980–2021 (Fay et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.25921/295g-sn13). The resulting net flux for the open ocean region is estimated as -1.79±0.7 Pg C yr−1, which compares well with other global mean flux estimates. While global flux results are consistent, differences in regional means and seasonal amplitudes are discussed. Consistent with other studies, we find the largest differences in the data-sparse southeast Pacific and Southern Ocean.
An optimization tool for identifying Multiple Diffusion Domain Model parameters
Authors: Gorin Andrew L. , Gorin Joshua M. , Bergelin Marie , Shuster David L.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The Multiple-Diffusion Domain (MDD) model empirically describes the diffusive behavior of noble gases in some terrestrial materials and has been commonly used to interpret 40Ar/39Ar stepwise degassing observations in K-feldspar. When applied in this manner, the MDD model can be used to test crustal exhumation scenarios by identifying the permissible thermal paths a rock sample could have undergone over geological time, assuming the diffusive properties of Ar within the mineral are accurately understood. More generally, the MDD model provides a framework for quantifying the temperature-dependent diffusivity of noble gasses in minerals. However, constraining MDD parameters that successfully predict the results of step-heating diffusion experiments is a complex task and the assumptions made by existing numerical methods used to quantify model parameters can bias the absolute temperatures permitted by thermal modeling. For example, the most commonly used method (Lovera et al., 1997) assumes that no domains lose more than 60 % of their gas during early heating steps. This assumption is unverifiable, and we show that Lovera et al.’s (1997) procedure may bias predicted temperatures towards lower values when it is violated. To address this potential bias and to provide greater accessibility to the MDD model, we present a new, open-source method for constraining MDD parameters from stepwise degassing experimental results, called the “MDD Tool Kit.” This software optimizes all MDD parameters simultaneously and removes any need for user-defined Ea or regression-fitting choices used by other tools. In doing so, this new method eliminates assumptions about the domain size distribution. To test the validity of our thermal predictions, we then use the MDD Tool Kit to interpret the 40Ar/39Ar results of Wong et al. (2023) from the Grayback Fault, AZ, USA. Although the resulting thermal histories are consistently ~ 60–75 °C higher than those found by Wong et al. 2023), they agree with independent observations from apatite fission track, zircon fission track, and (U-Th)/He (Howard and Foster, 1996).
Identifying atmospheric rivers and their poleward latent heat transport with generalizable neural networks: ARCNNv1
Authors: Mahesh Ankur , O'Brien Travis A. , Loring Burlen , Elbashandy Abdelrahman , Boos William , Collins William D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are extreme weather events that can alleviate drought or cause billions of US dollars in flood damage. By transporting significant amounts of latent energy towards the poles, they are crucial to maintaining the climate system's energy balance. Since there is no first-principle definition of an AR grounded in geophysical fluid mechanics, AR identification is currently performed by a multitude of expert-defined, threshold-based algorithms. The variety of AR detection algorithms has introduced uncertainty into the study of ARs, and the thresholds of the algorithms may not generalize to new climate datasets and resolutions. We train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect ARs while representing this uncertainty; we name these models ARCNNs. To detect ARs without requiring new labeled data and labor-intensive AR detection campaigns, we present a semi-supervised learning framework based on image style transfer. This framework generalizes ARCNNs across climate datasets and input fields. Using idealized and realistic numerical models, together with observations, we assess the performance of the ARCNNs. We test the ARCNNs in an idealized simulation of a shallow-water fluid in which nearly all the tracer transport can be attributed to AR-like filamentary structures. In reanalysis and a high-resolution climate model, we use ARCNNs to calculate the contribution of ARs to meridional latent heat transport, and we demonstrate that this quantity varies considerably due to AR detection uncertainty.
Modelling the vulnerability of urban settings to wildland–urban interface fires in Chile
Authors: Aguirre Paula , León Jorge , González-Mathiesen Constanza , Román Randy , Penas Manuela , Ogueda Alonso
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Wildland–urban interface (WUI) regions are particularly vulnerable to wildfires due to their proximity to both nature and urban developments, posing significant risks to lives and property. To enhance our understanding of the risk profiles in WUI areas, we analysed seven fire case studies in central Chile. We developed a mixed-method approach for conducting local-scale analyses, which involved field surveys, remote-sensing through satellite and drone imagery, and GIS-based analysis of the collected data. The methodology led to the generation of a georeferenced dataset of damaged and undamaged dwellings, including 16 variables representing their physical characteristics, spatial arrangement, and the availability of fire suppression resources. A binary classification model was then used to assess the relative importance of these attributes as indicators of vulnerability. The analysis revealed that spatial arrangement factors have a greater impact on damage prediction than the structural conditions and fire preparedness of individual units. Specifically, factors such as dwelling proximity to neighbours, distance to vegetation, proximity to the border of dwelling groups, and distance from the origin of the fire substantially contribute to the prediction of fire damage. Other structural attributes associated with less affluent homes may also increase the likelihood of damage, although further data are required for confirmation. This study provides insights for the design, planning, and governance of WUI areas in Chile, aiding the development of risk mitigation strategies for both built structures and the broader territorial area.
Improving seasonal predictions of German Bight storm activity
Authors: Krieger Daniel , Brune Sebastian , Baehr Johanna , Weisse Ralf
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Extratropical storms are one of the major coastal hazards along the coastline of the German Bight, the southeastern part of the North Sea, and a major driver of coastal protection efforts. However, the predictability of these regional extreme events on a seasonal scale is still limited. We therefore improve the seasonal prediction skill of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) large-ensemble decadal hindcast system for German Bight storm activity (GBSA) in winter. We define GBSA as the 95th percentiles of three-hourly geostrophic wind speeds in winter, which we derive from mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) data. The hindcast system consists of an ensemble of 64 members, which are initialized annually in November and cover the winters of 1960/61–2017/18. We consider both deterministic and probabilistic predictions of GBSA, for both of which the full ensemble produces poor predictions in the first winter. To improve the skill, we observe the state of two physical predictors of GBSA, namely 70 hPa temperature anomalies in September, as well as 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies in November, in areas where these two predictors are correlated with winter GBSA. We translate the state of these predictors into a first guess of GBSA and remove ensemble members with a GBSA prediction too far away from this first guess. The resulting subselected ensemble exhibits a significantly improved skill in both deterministic and probabilistic predictions of winter GBSA. We also show how this skill increase is associated with better predictability of large-scale atmospheric patterns.
On the short-term response of entrained air bubbles in the upper ocean: a case study in the north Adriatic Sea
Authors: Benetazzo Alvise , Halsne Trygve , Breivik Øyvind , Strand Kjersti Opstad , Callaghan Adrian H. , Barbariol Francesco , Davison Silvio , Bergamasco Filippo , Molina Cristobal , Bastianini Mauro
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Air bubbles in the upper ocean are generated mainly by waves breaking at the air–sea interface. As such, after the waves break, entrained air bubbles evolve in the form of plumes in the turbulent flow, exchange gas with the surrounding water, and may eventually rise to the surface. To shed light on the short-term response of entrained bubbles in different stormy conditions and to assess the link between bubble plume penetration depth, mechanical and thermal forcings, and the air–sea transfer velocity of CO2, a field experiment was conducted from an oceanographic research tower in the north Adriatic Sea. Air bubble plumes were observed using high-resolution echosounder data from an upward-looking 1000 kHz sonar. The backscatter signal strength was sampled at a high resolution, 0.5 s in time and 2.5 cm along the vertical direction. Time series profiles of the bubble plume depth were established using a variable threshold procedure applied to the backscatter strength. The data show the occurrence of bubbles organized into vertical plume-like structures, drawn downwards by wave-generated turbulence and other near-surface circulations, and reaching the seabed at 17 m depth under strong forcing. We verify that bubble plumes adapt rapidly to wind and wave conditions and have depths that scale approximately linearly with wind speed. Scaling with the wind–wave Reynolds number is also proposed to account for the sea-state severity in the plume depth prediction. Results show a correlation between measured bubble depths and theoretical air–sea CO2 transfer velocity parametrized with wind-only and wind/wave formulations. Further, our measurements corroborate previous results suggesting that the sinking of newly formed cold-water masses helps bring bubbles to greater depths than those reached in stable conditions for the water column. The temperature difference between air and sea seems sufficient for describing this intensification at the leading order of magnitude. The results presented in this study are relevant for air–sea interaction studies and pave the way for progress in CO2 gas exchange formulations.
Shifts in controls and abundance of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter fractions among subfield yield stability zones
Authors: Leuthold Sam J. , Lavallee Jocelyn M. , Basso Bruno , Brinton William F. , Cotrufo M. Francesca
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Spatiotemporal yield heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to agricultural sustainability efforts and can strain the economic viability of farming operations. Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) has been associated with increased crop productivity, as well as the mitigation of yield variability across time and space. Observations at the regional scale have indicated decreases in yield variability with increasing SOM. However, the mechanisms by which this variability is reduced remain poorly understood, especially at the farm scale. To better understand the relationship between SOM and yield heterogeneity, we examined its distribution between particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) at the subfield scale within nine farms located in the central United States. We expected that the highest SOM concentrations would be found in stable, high-yielding zones and that the SOM pool in these areas would have a higher proportion of POM relative to other areas in the field. In contrast to our predictions, we found that unstable yield areas had significantly higher SOM than stable yield areas and that there was no significant difference in the relative contribution of POM to total SOM across different yield stability zones. Our results further indicate that MAOM abundance was primarily explained by interactions between crop productivity and edaphic properties such as texture, which varied amongst stability zones. However, we were unable to link POM abundance to soil properties or cropping system characteristics. Instead, we posit that POM dynamics in these systems may be controlled by differences in decomposition patterns between stable and unstable yield zones. Our results show that, at the subfield scale, increasing SOM may not directly confer increased yield stability. Instead, in fields with high spatiotemporal yield heterogeneity, SOM stocks may be determined by interactive effects of topography, weather, and soil characteristics on crop productivity and SOM decomposition. These findings suggest that POM has the potential to be a useful indicator of yield stability, with higher POM stocks in unstable zones, and highlights the need to consider these factors during soil sampling campaigns, especially when attempting to quantify farm-scale soil C stocks.
НАБУТТЯ ПРАВА ВЛАСНОСТІ НА ПЕРЕРОБЛЕНУ РІЧ
Authors: Дубовик Віктор Вікторович
Published: May 2024

У статті встановлено, що набуття права власності на перероблену річ належить до первинних (первісних) підстав (способів) набуття права власності. За часів Стародавнього Риму було зафіксовано компромісне рішення щодо визначення власника переробленої речі: якщо нову річ можна знову перетворити в матеріал, з якого вона зроблена, то власником буде власник матеріалу, якщо ж ні – право власності на неї належатиме її творцеві – майстру. Автором аргументовано, що особа, яка переробила річ, може набути права власності на нову річ в порядку, визначеному ст. 332 ЦК України, за наявності такого фактичного складу: 1) для переробки речі використано матеріал, який їй не належить на праві власності, тобто чужа річ (матеріал); 2) вартість переробки і створеної нової речі перевищує вартість матеріалу; 3) таке перевищення є істотним; 4) особа, яка переробила річ, має бажання набути право власності на нову річ; 5) особа, яка здійснила переробку речі (матеріалу), є добросовісною. Саме ці чинники мають бути основними при відмежуванні переробки речі та капітального чи поточного ремонту речі, навіть, якщо капітальний ремонт речі призводить до істотних поліпшень речі та істотного збільшення її вартості. Уточнено, що створена нова річ внаслідок переробки матеріалу матиме нове функціональне призначення, а не буде поліпшенням тієї речі, яку переробили, чи її плодами, доходами. У будь-якому разі при переробці речі створюється нова річ, а при поточному чи капітальному ремонті речі відбувається зміна самої речі, нова річ не створюється. Звернено увагу на необхідність більш ретельного врегулювання цивільно-правових відносин щодо набуття (припинення) права власності на об’єкти, які мають вагоме народногосподарське та оборонне значення і є державною власністю України.
ІНСТИТУТ СТРАХУВАННЯ В СИСТЕМІ СПОСОБІВ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВИКОНАННЯ ДОГОВІРНИХ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ
Authors: Соботник Ростислав Володимирович
Published: May 2024

У статті на основі аналізу наукових поглядів та норм чинного законодавства України визначено поняття, особливості та місце страхування в системі способів забезпечення виконання договірних зобов’язань. Здійснено правову характеристику основних функцій страхування, що дають змогу розглядати його як ефективний спосіб забезпечення виконання договірних зобов’язань, яким можуть скористатися учасники договірних відносин для захисту своїх інтересів, а також сформульовано наукові висновки й пропозиції щодо вдосконалення правового регулювання інституту страхування як забезпечувального правовідношення. Установлено, що виконання договірних зобов’язань супроводжується існуванням допоміжних (додаткових) зобов’язань, які мають на меті стимулювання боржника до точного й неухильного виконання зобов’язання, а також запобігання або зменшення негативних наслідків, що можуть настати в разі його порушення. До того ж у ЦК України відображено підхід, за яким виконання зобов’язання може забезпечуватися не тільки тими способами, які прямо передбачені в ЦК України, а й тими, що встановлені в спеціальних нормативно-правових актах або ж визначені сторонами в самому договорі. Обґрунтовано, що види забезпечення виконання зобов’язання набувають характеру способів захисту виключно з моменту порушення прав сторони за договором. До настання таких обставин види забезпечення виконання зобов’язання є способами самоохорони прав за договором, адже зазначаються в договорі насамперед задля недопущення порушення його умов, стимулювання сторони до належної поведінки. Під договором страхування, який укладається з метою забезпечення виконання зобов’язань, запропоновано розуміти письмову домовленість між страховиком і страхувальником, за якою страховик бере на себе зобов’язання в разі настання страхового випадку (невиконання або неналежного виконання основного зобов’язання) відшкодувати кредитору страхувальника (за основним зобов’язанням) в межах ліміту відповідальності збитки, ненавмисно завдані страхувальником, а страхувальник зобов’язується своєчасно вносити страхові платежі та виконувати інші умови договору. Акцентовано увагу на акцесорному (додатковому) характері страхового забезпечувального правовідношення та основних ознаках акцесорності. Обґрунтовано, що на відміну від інших способів забезпечення виконання зобов’язань обов’язки страховика щодо виплати страхової суми виникають при настанні заздалегідь передбачених у договорі страхування подій (страхових випадків), а не при будь-яких порушеннях зобов’язання з боку боржника. Установлено, що укладення договору страхування з метою забезпечення виконання договірних зобов’язань стимулює боржника до належної поведінки, а кредиторові надає впевненість у тому, що в разі невиконання або неналежного виконання свого обов’язку боржником він отримає задоволення свого інтересу за рахунок заздалегідь передбаченого забезпечення.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan Berbasis Web SMK Negeri 3 Karawang
Authors: Yani Mulyani
Published: May 2024

The school library is a school facility that manages the provision of textbooks and reference books for general science, technology and other applied sciences. Libraries play a very important role in helping students meet their needs for books and references in an easy and cost-effective way. However, in practice, until now there are still many management obstacles, such as managing inventory levels, the number of borrowers, calculating the amount of repayments, and registering loans. The Library of SMK Negeri 3 Karawang is still managed manually, data collection is not well documented and service is not optimal so that it can lead to errors in borrowing and returning existing books. The purpose of this research is to solve the above problems by designing a web-based library information system. This system can make loans online, manage book inventory, create lists of borrowers, generate return lists, and generate reports. This web-based library information system development method uses a descriptive method using the MySQL database PHP programming language. After designing and testing this application, you can help improve library management and improve library management services at SMK Negeri 3 Karawang.