bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-verbal Language of Germans
Authors: Дубинский  , Dubinskiy Vladimir
Published: June 2014

In this issue we are starting to publish the research paper presented by V.I.

Dubinskiy. The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi-

cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used

in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural

communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication

typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge

of the student of the language and developing an active communicative

approach to speech interaction.
The Role of the Sintactic Structures in the Development of Critical Text’s Modus Meanings
Authors: Кремер  , Kremer Inessa
Published: June 2014

The paper is devoted to the linguistic analysis of the modus meanings in

the critical text of the scientific sphere of communication. The author demonstrates

the role of the syntactic structures in the realization of modus of

real and probable evaluations. As a means of interpretation analysis mental

modus is used, with the help of which it is possible to reconstruct the evaluative

scale of the text. The main focus of the article is concentrated on the

constructions of the subordinate relations, the choice of which is predetermined

pragmatically.
Does Inventory Productivity Predict Future Stock Returns? A Retailing Industry Perspective
Authors: Alan Yasin , Gao George P. , Gaur Vishal
Published: June 2014

We find that inventory productivity strongly predicts future stock returns among a sample of publicly listed U.S. retailers during the period from 1985 to 2010. A zero-cost portfolio investment strategy, which consists of buying from the two highest and selling from the two lowest quintiles formed on inventory turnover, earns more than 1% average monthly abnormal return benchmarked to the Fama–French–Carhart four-factor model. Our results are robust to different measures of inventory productivity, distinct from the well-known firm characteristics known to generate abnormal returns, and not driven by a particular subsample period. A longitudinal analysis of portfolio returns over longer holding periods shows that although inventory productivity is predictive of stock returns, its information dissipates about one to two years after release.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Dielectric Relaxation of Water in Clay Minerals
Authors: Vasilyeva Maria A. , Gusev Yuri A. , Shtyrlin Valery G. , Greenbaum (Gutina) Anna , Puzenko Alexander , Ishai Paul Ben , Feldman Yuri
Published: June 2014

The study of confined water dynamics in clay minerals is a very important topic in aluminosilicate-surface chemistry. Aluminosilicates are among the most technologically versatile materials in industry today. Dielectric spectroscopy is a very useful method for investigating the structure and dynamics of water adsorbed on solid matrix surfaces and water in the vicinity of ions in solutions. Use of this method for the study of clay minerals has been underutilized to date, however. The main goal of the present research was to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control this interaction. Two types of natural layered aluminosilicates (clay minerals) — montmorillonite with exchangeable K+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations and kaolinite with exchangeable K+ and Ba2+ cations — were examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy over wide ranges of temperature (from -121°C to +300°C) and frequency (1 Hz–1 MHz). An analysis of the experimental data is provided in terms of four distributed relaxation processes. The low-temperature relaxation was observed only in montmorillonites and could be subdivided into two processes, each related to a specific hydration center. The cooperative behavior of water at the interface was observed in the intermediate temperature region, together with a proton percolation. The dielectric properties of ice-like and confined water structures in the layered clay minerals were compared with the dielectric response observed in porous glasses. The spatial fractal dimensions of the porous aluminosilicates were calculated by two separate methods — from an analysis of the fractality found in photomicrographs and from the dielectric response.
Using Storify: Challenges and opportunities for journalists covering crises
Authors: Sacco Vittoria , Bossio Dr Diana
Published: June 2014

The recent ‘Arab Spring’ protests have been widely discussed in the media as an example of a shift in the dissemination of news and information during a crisis. Apart from the youth-driven resistance played out on the streets, the ‘Arab Spring’ movement is also noteworthy for the millions of texts, images and videos that were transmitted through social media networks and indirectly disseminated on mainstream news networks. While social media has played an increasingly crucial role as a source of information for journalists during times of crisis, concerns have been raised about the veracity of information and the effort needed to extract the best content in real time. To overcome this problem, ex-journalist Burt Herman created the online platform Storify as a pioneering media content curation service. Media content curation knits technological and human skill in selecting, classifying, preserving, contextualizing and crafting traditional media sources and social media content into one coherent narrative. This article examines the changes to traditional modes of journalistic practice engendered by the use of Storify and other social media tools for reportage in times of crisis. The research utilizes a content analysis of Storify ‘stories’ written by media professionals about the ‘Arab Spring’ and seven interviews with media professionals who have used Storify to report during the ‘Arab Spring’. Journalists have responded positively to Storify because of the diversity of sources, accessibility, new story presentation possibilities and the ability to quickly search and select sources using a transparent process. However, our analysis found that some of the limitations of Storify are technical, specifically in terms of design and software.
When the media criticize the media
Authors: Pettersson Åke
Published: June 2014

In this article, Åke Pettersson writes about Sweden’s only media programme that continued broadcasting without interruption for more than three decades. Called Vår grundade mening for the most part of its life, it ran into some problems in 2007 and came close to shutdown before re-emerging under the name of Publicerat, the appellation Pettersson prefers when talking about his programme. Since its inception in 1981 up to its demise in 2013, the radio programme has worked as ‘watchdog’ of the media scene in Sweden. Pettersson won several awards for his observations and discussions of media-related issues in Sweden and beyond. A close examination of the about 1500 episodes that he produced, edited and presented can tell volumes about the history of the Swedish media for over three decades. He starts with a few words about his own programme and then moves to the reaction and responses he has received from both public and private media outlets in Sweden. The article dwells on both positive and negative sides that emanate from a radio programme with a critical angle of the media. He touches upon the collaboration he has had as a practitioner with academia, namely, media journalism scholars. The article, although centring on the Swedish media scene, can have a lot of bearing on how the media may get involved in self-criticism to improve conditions and increase public awareness of media-related issues.
Crime journalism: Barriers in Ireland
Authors: Connolly Emer
Published: June 2014

There is a tremendous fascination with crime in Ireland. The public appetite is insatiable. However, crime reporters face numerous barriers in their quest to disclose information. The sub judice rule must be adhered to, various reporting restrictions must also be taken into consideration, while sources must be handled sensitively. Care must be taken when reporting on jury trials in order to ensure that commentary does not impact on a jury’s decision. Crime reporters regularly encounter difficulties in their efforts to access information. In my article, I will write about the various reporting restrictions that apply when it comes to crime reporting in Ireland. I will bring in references to some of my own experiences of reporting in this area and I will make recommendations on changes that could be made in this area.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013
Authors: André Jean-Marie
Published: June 2014

On Wednesday, 9 October 2013, which was the scheduled date of the official announcement of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the permanent secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Professor Staffan Normark announced that the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was to be awarded jointly to Martin Karplus (Harvard and Strasbourg), Michael Levitt (Stanford), and Arieh Warshel (University of Southern California at Los Angeles) for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems.
Water Quality in the Middle East
Authors: Shevah Yehuda
Published: June 2014

Among the many problems that plague the region, the western states of the Middle East, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan suffer most from water scarcity. The three states depend on three major trans-boundary surface and groundwater reservoirs, which historically supplied 75% or more of water but nowadays are critically low because of overuse, lack of rainfall, and climate change, which magnify the water stress in this arid region. Consequently, the shared water resources are under heavy natural and man-made pressures, in terms of quantity and quality, affecting every aspect of life from ecosystems and the environment, to food security and health.
From the Editor
Authors: Meyers Fabienne
Published: June 2014

Where does IUPAC fit in? This is a legitimate question we should ask when contemplating the missions, programs, and initiatives of other organizations. In the main feature on page 2, David StC Black, former IUPAC secretary general and, since 2012, ICSU secretary general shows us what ICSU does and how IUPAC fits in.
A High-Temperature Thermoelectric Generator Based on Oxides
Authors: Feldhoff Armin , Geppert Benjamin
Published: June 2014

The thermoelectric energy conversion is described in terms of fluxes of extensive variables entropy and charge, which gives a clear meaning to the figure of merit and to the power factor. Strength and sign of coupling of entropy current and electrical current is decisive for the function of a thermoelectric generator, which was built from n-type and p-type oxide ceramics to be suitable for the high-temperature range. For n-type and p-type legs, Zn0.98Al0.02O and Ca3Co4O9-derived ceramics, respectively, were used. Microstructure of both materials was investigated to some detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy including elemental analysis. N-type Zn0.98Al0.02O shows sub-micrometre precipitates of ZnAl2O4 spinel. P-type Ca3Co4O9-derived ceramic is a multi-phase composite as the starting powder decomposed partly during sintering. The thermoelectric materials show different temperature slopes of the power factor with the p-type material reaching 1.8 mW cm−1 K−2 at 1,000 K and the n-type reaching 1.6 mW cm−1 K−2 at 1,050 K. For the 10-leg thermoelectric generator, a figure of merit of zT = 0.10 was estimated at maximum electrical power output when the hot side was at 1,023 K, and a temperature difference of 200 K was applied.
A New Look at Weak State Conditions and Genocide Risk
Authors: Anderton Charles H. , Carter John R.
Published: June 2014

We present a rational choice model depicting a regime’s incentive to allocate resources to fighting rebels and killing civilians when it perceives an internal threat to its political or territorial control. The model guides our empirical inquiry of risk factors for genocide onset. Based on logit methods applied to a pooled sample of 155 countries over the period 1955–2006, we find that key variables highlighted in the theoretical model elevate genocide risk. Specifically, measures of threat, anocratic Polity scores, new state status, and low income significantly increase genocide risk, which we interpret as consistent with weak state perspectives on mass atrocity. Moreover, the threat measures matter even after controlling for internal war and the anocracy result holds even after removing components of the Polity dataset that are “contaminated” with factional violence, including genocide. Extensions of the empirical analysis to a variety of alternative measures, variables, and estimators show the robustness of weak state risk factors for genocide.
We Out Here
Authors: Dundon Rian
Published: June 2014

A photo essay by Rian Dundon, in response to the question “What’s the matter with San Francisco?” Dundon touches on some of the major broader themes of housing and transportation in an indirect way, while also acknowledging the fact that in some ways nothing is the matter. San Francisco is still a diverse, dynamic, incredibly interesting place to be to live to work to live. The day to day lives of most people are not affected by Google buses, techies, and the controversies blown out of proportion in the media. “We Out Here” is a portrait of people, as the slang saying which originated in San Francisco connotes, still out here, struggling to survive and thrive.
What’s the Matter with San Francisco?
Authors: Bachrach Eve , Christensen Jon
Published: June 2014

With San Francisco’s economy booming and hand-wringing about the city’s hyper-gentrification, the authors argue that much of the debate surrounding San Francisco’s challenges have been focusing on the wrong things. Changes to the region’s demographics aren’t just squeezing out the middle and working class; they are destroying the conditions that made the Bay Area able to foster social mobility better than any other city in the United States in recent decades.
The Death of the City?
Authors: Brahinsky Rachel
Published: June 2014

This article considers how the recent Bay Area turmoil spurred by the technology boom and its attendant housing crisis has revived age-old tensions over regionalism and ethics in urban politics. The author looks at activist tendencies evident in the rise of an “ethical city” framework, which benefits from alternative uses of technology, and which offers a counter-narrative to the ways that tech wealth is also uprooting communities.
Mapping What Is
Authors: Design Stamen
Published: June 2014

Stamen Design, a studio specializing in live data visualizations and interactive mapping, overlooks the busy corner of Mission and Sixteenth Streets in San Francisco, builds “objects to think with.” This article is a portfolio of some of their San Francisco-related mapping work: Crimespotting, an interactive map of crimes in San Francisco and Oakland; Parks.stamen.com visualizes the stories and images that pour out of parks, open spaces, and natural areas in the city and state; Surging Seas highlights what will be lost as rising sea levels take back land, put property underwater, and disproportionately displace different communities; and Creative Commons-license map tilesets, including the whimsical “Watercolor,” let people create their own map styles and imagine different ways of seeing the city.
Living in a Fool’s Paradise
Authors: Hogan Mark
Published: June 2014

This article investigates the political processes and attitudes that have prevented San Francisco from adequately dealing with many of its challenges. It posits that the city is at risk of becoming a caricature of its former self if attitudes towards accepting and preparing for the future do not change as a chronic shortage of housing threatens to push many long-time residents out. The history of anti-development attitudes since the 1980s is reviewed, tracing the rebound from post-industrial decline to becoming a highly desirable residential location and the home to some of the world’s most innovative companies.
The Role of Features and Context in Recognition of Novel Melodies
Authors: Müllensiefen Daniel , Halpern Andrea R.
Published: June 2014

We investigated how well structural features such as note density or the relative number of changes in the melodic contour could predict success in implicit and explicit memory for unfamiliar melodies. We also analyzed which features are more likely to elicit increasingly confident judgments of “old” in a recognition memory task. An automated analysis program computed structural aspects of melodies, both independent of any context, and also with reference to the other melodies in the testset and the parent corpus of pop music. A few features predicted success in both memory tasks, which points to a shared memory component. However, motivic complexity compared to a large corpus of pop music had different effects on explicit and implicit memory. We also found that just a few features are associated with different rates of “old” judgments, whether the items were old or new. Rarer motives relative to the testset predicted hits and rarer motives relative to the corpus predicted false alarms. This data-driven analysis provides further support for both shared and separable mechanisms in implicit and explicit memory retrieval, as well as the role of distinctiveness in true and false judgments of familiarity.
Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music
Authors: Gebhardt Stefan , Kunkel Markus , Georgi Richard von
Published: June 2014

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.
Dismantling Cultural Prejudice: Responses to Huntington’s Thesis in the Indonesian Media
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro
Published: June 2014

The ideas contained in Huntington's article, "Clash of Civilization?", are provoking. Since its publication in Foreign Affairs (summer 1993), several responses have appeared in the media world-wide. In this home country, Huntington's article was critized from various angles.  His assumptions, model, data and even his potition were scrutunized mostly by social scientists and Islamicist. These criticisms, however, highlight the article's significant importance in the debates of political and cultural problems faced in the post-cold war world.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i1.869
The Role of Islam in Indonesia and AlgerianHistory: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Meuleman J.H.
Published: June 2014

In this article the authors propose a comparative note on the role of Islam in the history of the two countries: Algeria in the Maghreb region and Indonesia on the southeast end of the region of the spread of Islam. The author explains that in various periods, Islam plays a very important role in the history of the two countries. Period covered specifically is the eve of the arrival of Islam - which is described to explain the circumstances behind the arrival of the new religion - and then the process of Islamization, Islamic role in the resistance against the occupation, and finally the position of Islam in the post-colonial independent state.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i2.856
Wacana, Satu Alternatif Memahami Islam
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro
Published: June 2014

This book aim to describe the features of local forms of Islam in the Gayo highland, central part of the Aceh province, Sumatra. Gayo people have been Muslim since at least the seventeenth century, by which time they were incorporated into the Acehnese kingdom. Their religious mode represent the somewhat distinctive character of Islam generally found in this country. They have developed their local knowledge by elaborating, transforming and adapting elements from broader Muslim traditions. They describe the existence of spiritual beings and the power of language by using the Muslim idea of stainhood. They explain the power of spells and the ability to hunt and farm through Muslim narrative about Adam.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v1i3.854
Neo-Modernism: A Vital Synthesis of Traditionalist and Modernist Islamic Thought in Indonesia
Authors: Barton Greg
Published: June 2014

This paper is concerned with exploring the early stages of a new movement is Islamic thought in Indonesian society referred to by some as Islamic neo-modernism by focusing upon the lives and writings of the four seminal neo-modernist thinkers in Indonesia: Nurcholish Madjid, Djohan Effendi, Ahmad Wahib and Abdurrahman Wahid.Whilst the later work of these intellectuals, particularly Nurcholish and Abdurrahman, is reasonably well known the extend to which their current liberal, progressive thought reflects their convictions of two, or more, decades ago is not well understood. An examination of their writing from the 1970s reveals a striking consistency in their thought and suggest that their ISlamic liberalism is deeply rooted.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i3.827
Historiography and Religious Reform in Brunei during the Period 1912-1959
Authors: Mansurnoor Iik Arifin
Published: June 2014

Scientific papers that discuss the reform of Islam in Southeast Asia has been quite a lot, the literature usually peel reform issues that have a direct relationship with the Islamic central cities, such as Cairo or Istanbul. The most common example is reform inspired by Wahhabism, Tanzimat or Abduhisme are all derived from the center of the region. However, similar works that focus on community studies can be said to be very rare Brunei. This fact is very easy to answer: because Brunei has never experienced such reforms experienced by Muslim communities around it.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v2i3.828
Багаторічна динаміка уловів риби в Aзовському морі за умов гідроекологічних змін
Authors: Demchenko V. А.
Published: June 2014

Наведено аналіз багаторічної динаміки промислових уловів риби в Азовському морі. Визначено три періоди інтенсивного добування рибних ресурсів і вказано причини коливань загального вилову. Загальна тенденція динаміки уловів – значне зменшення щорічного вилучення рибних ресурсів. Доведено необхідність упровадження ефективних природоохоронних і управлінських рішень із метою підвищення запасів риби в Азовському морі.
Периодизация процесса натурализации тюльки (Clupeonella cultriventris) в Днепродзержинском и Кременчугском водохранилищах
Authors: Tereshchenko V. G. , Khrystenko D. S. , Tereshchenko L. I. , Nazarov A. B.
Published: June 2014

В двух водохранилищах Днепровского каскада выявлены периоды прохождения фаз натурализации массового вида рыб, что важно для изучения данного процесса у различных видов в разных регионах и для понимания роли чужеродных видов в их рыбном населении. Натурализация тюльки в рядом расположенных водоемах протекала по-разному. В акватории будущего Днепродзержинского водохранилища этот вид проник за два года до строительства плотины, а в Кременчугское он вселился через четыре года после его создания. Детализация начала фаз натурализации основана на анализе динамических фазовых портретов уловов тюльки исследовательским тралом
Work placements in doctoral research training in the humanities: Eight cases from translation studies
Authors: Pym Anthony , González Núñez Gabriel , Miquel-Iriarte Marta , Ramos Pinto Sara , Teixeira Carlos , Tesseur Wine
Published: June 2014

Research cooperation between academic and nonacademic institutions tends not to concern the humanities, where mutual financial rewards are mostly not in evidence. The study of eight nonacademic placements of doctoral researchers working on interlingual translation nevertheless indicates some degree of success. It is found that the placements lead to ongoing cooperation when the following conditions are met: 1) the nature of the placement is understood and relations of trust are established; 2) mutual benefits are envisaged; and 3) there are prior arrangements for receiving visiting researchers. A placement can be successful even when one of the last two factors is missing. Further, the measure of success for placements in the humanities should concern social and symbolic benefits, in addition to financial profits.
National and supranational Spanish: Complexities of production and migration in literary translation
Authors: Washbourne Kelly
Published: June 2014

This study broadly considers textual and extra-textual factors involved in producing and disseminating Spanish translations, dimensions that may be linguistic, socio-linguistic, cognitive, economic, cultural, or legal. Sociolect and regionalect are considered in the translation traffic into Spanish, particularly in their relations to aesthetic verisimilitude or market acceptability. The phenomenon of what has been calledtextual mobilityis traced. According to De Clercq et al. (2006), textual mobility may include translation policy, translator-publisher negotiations, printing industry conditions, copyright considerations, and other power matrices, including censorship and patronage. Censorship’s historical effects on translation policy are borne out in light of translational contraband and distribution. Variants of Spanish are shown to be involved in dynamics ofwriting from the margins, perceptions oflanguage correctness, including the hybridity and its implications for identity, and the attendant issues ofpower. The special problem of interregional insularity is tied to migrational limitations. Finally, the Spanish-speaking world’s hierarchies, asymmetries, and inter- or intraliterary commerce practices past and present are broadly examined (including multinational publishing houses and editorial coproductions), alongside the advent of Spanish-language publishing in the United States and what this might augur for literarily localized or globalized Spanish translations.
Is a picture worth a thousand words? The role of memory in audio description
Authors: Fresno Nazaret
Published: June 2014

In recent decades, audio description has been approached from a number of different perspectives. However, its cognitive dimension has not yet been explored. Reception studies are still scarce and little is known about users’ understanding of scripts, their preferences or their needs. This paper constitutes an attempt to shed light on the former by investigating the mental processing that leads blind and visually impaired recipients to understand audio described products. Memory, which dominates the cognitive processes that enhance comprehension, is the focus of this paper. Through an initial description of its components and basic operation, the role of sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory are analysed in the context of the phases of reception, processing and comprehension of new data. This general framework is then applied to the viewing of films in order to explore how spectators turn images and sound into meaningful information. Finally, the case of audio described products (where there is no image available to users) is investigated. Taking into account the nature of audio description, whereby visual information is conveyed to visually impaired users via complex auditory information, some relevant findings from cognitive psychology, media studies and education are presented. Specifically, attention is paid to research dealing with auditory as opposed to visual information processing in terms of cognitive effort and data recall. In addition, the common belief that blind listeners have a better memory for auditorily presented materials than their sighted counterparts is examined. The implications that these prior findings could have for audio description is then discussed with the objective of highlighting the potential contribution that an interdisciplinary approach which combines both translation studies and cognition could provide.
Inclinodeformeter pressure measurements in creeping landslides: analytical solutions and field applications
Authors: SCHWAGER M.V. , PUZRIN A.M.
Published: June 2014

The paper derives analytical solutions for deformation of viscoelastic pipe in elastic soil under far-field principal stress increments. These solutions are validated in laboratory tests and numerical analysis and provide the basis for back-calculation of earth pressure increments from measured changes in shape of an inclinometer pipe cross-section using inclinodeformeter (IDM) technology. The procedure has been applied to back-calculating earth pressure changes and soil stiffness in three creeping landslides in Switzerland, which are similar in size but have a range of different boundary conditions and displacement rate fields. In these applications, pressure increments of less than 1 kPa could be reliably back-calculated allowing for identification of compression and extension zones, as well as yielding and failure of soil in the landslides under study, confirming the previously developed models of the landslide mechanisms and suggesting that IDM pressure measurements could serve as a reliable tool for analysis and monitoring of creeping landslides.
Effect of opening size and location on punching shear behaviour of two-way RC slabs
Authors: Anil Özgür , Kina Tolga , Salmani Vahed
Published: June 2014

The effects of opening size and location on the punching shear behaviour of two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs were investigated. The experimental study was carried out on eight experimental specimens with openings at different variable locations and a reference specimen with no opening. Two-way square slabs (2000 × 2000 × 120 mm) were tested by applying an axial load from the top of a square column (200 × 200 mm) located at the centre of the slab specimen. The test specimens studied had different opening sizes (300 × 300 mm and 500 × 500 mm) and locations: each size of opening was positioned in parallel and diagonal locations adjacent to the column and 300 mm from the column. The effects of varying size and location of openings on the punching shear behaviour of two-way RC slabs were interpreted by examining the slabs' bearing capacities, stiffnesses and energy consumption capacities obtained from test results. The load-carrying capacities of the test specimens were calculated using the equations of ACI 318, Eurocode 2 and TS 500 and the values were compared with experimental results. In addition, the accuracy of the code equations in predicting the load-carrying capacity of the test specimens was assessed. The test results indicate that the punching shear resistance decreases with an increase in opening size and it notably decreases for openings adjacent to the column compared with openings located away from the column.
Tillage of Cover Crops Affects Soil Water, Nitrogen, and Wheat Yield Components
Authors: Burgess Macdonald , Miller Perry , Jones Clain , Bekkerman Anton
Published: June 2014

Annual legume green manure (LGM) cover crops may have potential in dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production areas where rotation with whole‐year summer fallow is practiced. No‐till cropland management enhances soil water conservation, possibly enabling cover cropping, but tillage may be necessary to stimulate mineralization of LGM N in time to affect crop yield. A 2‐yr LGM‐wheat crop sequence study was repeated three times in Montana, with mean annual precipitation of 356 mm. Spring‐planted pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) The LGM were terminated at first bloom with tillage or herbicide. Post‐termination weed control also was accomplished with either tillage or herbicide in a factorial combination with the termination treatments, resulting in four management regimes. Fallow and non‐N‐fixing cover crop controls were included and subjected to the same management regimes. Spring wheat was grown the following year in subplots with four levels of N fertilizer. Wheat tiller density increased only when LGM was tilled at least once. Tillage also resulted in reduced soil water storage and wheat kernel weight in 1 yr. Effects on grain yield were usually neutral or positive, with pea more frequently having a positive effect than lentil, and interactions with tillage varying each year. Wheat grain protein was increased by pea LGM regardless of tillage, even when LGM did not affect wheat yield, indicating that LGM N supply is accelerated by tillage. Managing LGM in dryland environments involves a tradeoff of soil water for N supply, and tillage affects this balance.
Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in High‐ and Low‐Moisture Tall Fescue Silage
Authors: Roberts Craig A. , Davis David K. , Looper Michael L. , Kallenbach Robert L. , Rottinghaus George E. , Hill Nicholas S.
Published: June 2014

Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins found in foods and forage crops, including common tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum(Schreb.) Darbysh. =Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort.], which hosts a fungal endophyte. The objective of this study was to determine changes in ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue silage produced at high moisture (650 to 680 g H2O kg−1) and low moisture (340 to 400 g H2O kg−1). The study was conducted on endophyte‐infected pastures of tall fescue in northern and southern Missouri. Tall fescue was clipped after seedhead emergence but before anthesis, wilted to high or low moisture, baled, and wrapped. After >100 d of ensiling, bales were cored and samples analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations. Ergovaline concentration decreased (P< 0.05) during ensiling at both locations and moisture levels, and the decrease ranged from 24 to 58%. In contrast, total ergot alkaloid concentrations increased during ensiling in high moisture silage in northern (P< 0.10) and southern (P< 0.05) Missouri but did not change in low moisture silage. The opposing responses of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloids offer partial explanations for differences reported in studies involving tall fescue silage. These responses also caution against recommendations to ensile tall fescue to reduce toxins because one analyte indicates detoxification is possible, while the other analyte does not.
Field Screening of Salinity Tolerance in Iranian Bread Wheat Lines
Authors: Sardouie‐Nasab Somaye , Mohammadi‐Nejad Ghasem , Nakhoda Babak
Published: June 2014

Soil and water salinity are major constraints for wheat production in Iran. High genetic diversity for salinity tolerance has been observed in Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Hence, these genotypes can be evaluated under field and controlled conditions for identifying new genotypes with better performance under salt stress conditions. In a 2‐yr study, we evaluated 97 promising Iranian lines with different levels of salinity tolerance along with three tolerant cultivars as checks under field conditions in Yazd province of Iran. Plant materials were grown under saline and normal field conditions (electrical conductivity [EC] of 10.0 and 3.0 dS m−1, respectively). Significant genetic variation (P < 0.01) in salinity tolerance was observed among wheat genotypes. In this study, an equation was developed for estimating a stress tolerance score (STS). The results of the equation were identical to those of multivariate analyses. The STS equation is much easier to use than complicated multivariate analyses. Therefore, it is suggested as a screening tool for identification of salt‐tolerant wheat genotypes. Ultimately, ten lines with higher tolerance to salt stress, in comparison with tolerant checks, were detected. These lines can be used in wheat breeding programs for salt‐affected areas.
Field Book: An Open‐Source Application for Field Data Collection on Android
Authors: Rife Trevor W. , Poland Jesse A.
Published: June 2014

Plant breeding and genetics research is an inherently data‐driven enterprise. Typical experiments and breeding nurseries can contain thousands of unique entries and programs will often evaluate tens of thousands of plots each year. To function efficiently on this scale, electronic data management becomes essential. Many research programs, however, continue to operate by scribing and transcribing massive amounts of data on paper field books. While effective, this form of data management places heavy burdens on human resources, decreases data integrity, and greatly limits future utilization of data and the ability to expand the breeding program. To help address these constraints, we have developed an open‐source application for electronic data capture that runs on consumer‐grade Android tablets. By focusing on a simple, stand‐alone application with an intuitive and customized interface, we attempt to decrease both the technological and cost barriers that hinder adoption of electronic data management in breeding programs. The simplicity of Field Book allows adoption of the technology without a steep learning curve. With low‐cost, accessible solutions, the vision of one handheld per breeder can become a reality for breeding programs around the world. Transformational capacity in electronic data collection and management will be essential to realizing a contemporary green revolution.
Soybean Germplasm Accession Seedling Reactions to Soybean Rust Isolates from Georgia
Authors: Walker David R. , Harris Donna K. , King Zachary R. , Li Zenglu , Phillips Daniel V. , Buck James W. , Nelson Randall L. , Boerma H. Roger
Published: June 2014

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. and P. Syd., is a threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], production in regions of the world where winters are not cold enough to completely eliminate the many hosts of the fungus, so resistant soybean cultivars would be useful in managing this disease. Resistant germplasm accessions have been identified, and resistance (Rpp) genes have been mapped to six independent loci, but the high degree of virulence variability among P. pachyrhizi populations and isolates means that the level of resistance to different populations and isolates can vary considerably. Greenhouse assays were conducted from 2008 until 2013 in which seedlings of soybean plant introductions were challenged with bulk P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the state of Georgia. Accessions were included in the tests either because they carried known Rpp genes or because they had appeared resistant to SBR in previous field assays. The resistance was assessed on the basis of infection type, visible urediniospore development, and sometimes lesion density. With a few exceptions, most of the accessions that appeared resistant as adult plants in the field also had resistance reactions as seedlings, and these reactions were generally similar or identical in the different years that the greenhouse assays were conducted. This study demonstrates that greenhouse seedling reactions should usually be reliable indicators of adult plant resistance to related P. pachyrhizi isolates or populations, and confirms the resistance of more than 100 soybean germplasm accessions to fungal isolates and field populations from Georgia.
The Role of Aggregated Forest Harvest Residue in Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, and Pollination Services
Authors: McCavour Melanie J. , Paré D. , Messier C. , Thiffault N. , Thiffault E.
Published: June 2014

While post‐harvest residue (“slash”) is increasingly viewed as a source of biofuel, few studies have considered the potential ecological impact of the spatial distribution of forest harvest residue. We hypothesized that slash piles create islands of high soil fertility and light, leading to greater abundance, growth, and reproduction of plants. In 6‐yr‐old intensively managed hybrid poplar (Populus balsamifera L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry) plantations, we showed that soluble organic N, NO3–N, NH4–N, and P decreased as a negative exponential function with distance from the pile. Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L. f.) relative growth rate was fastest near piles in the first few years after harvest. We found significantly greater stem size, flowers per plant, and foliar P near piles for cherry, and this inverse gradient sharpened in a 16‐yr‐old white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] plantation. For the two other flowering species, strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Mill.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), flower and fruit abundance were also significantly and strongly negatively correlated with distance to the pile. Further, directly correlating soil nutrient availability with plant traits, we found significant positive relationships between plant growth, reproductive output, and N availability. Partial correlation analysis indicated that more of the variance in plant traits was explained by distance than by soil nutrition. We conclude that in industrial forests, piles replace canopy gaps as sites where understory plant species can episodically reproduce and are therefore important for many plant species as well as the pollinators and frugivores dependent on them.
A conductometric investigation of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/sodium dodecyl sulfate/nonionic surfactant systems
Authors: Petrovic Lidija , Sovilj Verica , Milanovic Jadranka , Katona Jaroslav
Published: June 2014

Surfactant mixtures are very often used in various cosmetic and
pharmaceutical products because they commonly act in synergism and provide
more favorable properties than the single surfactants. At the same time, the
9 presence of polymers in mixtures of surfactants may lead to molecular
interactions thereby affecting product stability and activity. For these
reasons it is very important to determine the surfactant interactions
influence on 1micellization and mixed micellization, as well as
polymer-surfactants mixed micelles interactions. In this work we examined
self-aggregation of nonionic surfactants, polysorbate 20 (Tween 20),
polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (Triton X100) and
polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (Pluronic F68) with ionic
surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, in aqueous solution at 40?C using
conductometric titration method. It was found that concentration region for
mixed micelle formation depends on nonionic surfactant characteristics and
its concentration. Formation of surfactants mixed micelles in the presence of
nonionic polymer, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and their binding to polymer
hydrophobic sites, were investigated too. Analysis of obtained results points
to different kinds of interactions in investigated systems, which are crucial
for their application.
Cerebral edema in drug addicts
Authors: Darusi Dragana , Radulovic Danka , Radovanovic Ivana
Published: June 2014

Background/Aim. The effect of drugs leaves permanent consequences on the
brain, organic in type, followed by numerous manifestations, and it
significantly affects the development of mental dysfunctions. The clinicians
are often given a task to estimate a patient?s personality during treatment
or during experts estimate of a drug addict. The aim of this research was to
determine the differences, if any, in characteristics of addicts experience
and personality traits in drug addicts with or without cerebral edema.
Methods. The research was conducted on a sample of 252 male drug addicts, the
average age of 23.3 (SD = 4.3) years. Cerebral edema was confirmed on
magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain performed during the treatment of
the addicts. The participants were tested by the psychologists using
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201) test, and the data
were processed using canonical discriminate analysis within the SPSS program.
The dependent variable in the study was cerebral edema. A block of
independent variables, designed for the requirements of this study, consisted
of two subgroups. The first one consisted of 12 variables describing the
relevant characteristics of drug abuse. The second subgroup consisted of 8
psychopathological tendencies in the personality defined by the mentioned
test. Results. Cerebral edema was confirmed in 52 (20.63%) of the drug
addicts. The differences between the groups of drug addicts with and without
cerebral edema were determined in the following: the time span of taking
drugs (0.301), use of alcohol parallel with drugs (0.466), and treatment for
addiction (0.603). In the drug addicts with a cerebral edema, MMPI-201
confirmed the increase in the scales for hypochondria, psychopathic
deviations and psychastenia, and the decrease in the scales for schizophrenia
and depression. Conclusion. Our study confirmed a possible connection between
cerebral edema and personality traits in a number of the examined drug
addicts. Considering the fact that practice often requires personality
estimation, regardless whether it is about treatment or expert?s estimate, it
is necessary to further research in this direction.
Psychopathology and resilience in relation to abuse in childhood among youth first referred to the psychiatrist
Authors: Pejovic-Milovancevic Milica , Tenjovic Lazar , Ispanovic Veronika , Mitkovic Marija , Radosavljev-Kircanski Jelena , Mincic Teodora , Miletic Vladimir , Draganic-Gajic Saveta , Lecic-Tosevski Dusica
Published: June 2014

Background/Aim. Child abuse may be related to adverse psychological outcomes
in adult life. However, little is known about specific clinical, family and
resilience profiles of adolescents that have experienced child abuse. The
aim of this study was to investigate clinical symptoms, family functioning
and resilience characteristics of adolescents with the experience of abuse,
first referred to psychiatrists. Methods. The study included 84 young
participants (mean age 14.90 ? 3.10, ranging from 11 to 18 years) as
consecutive first referrals to the Clinic for Children and Youth of the
Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia. The sample consisted of two
groups, based on the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The first group included
adolescents with the experience of abuse in childhood (n = 38, 13 males, 25
females), whereas the second, control group, comprised of non-abused
adolescents (n = 47, 20 males, 27 females). The presence of abuse was
evaluated by the Child Abuse Matrices of Risks. The study used the following
questionnaires: Youth Self-Report (YSR), Adolescent Resilience Attitudes
Scale (ARAS), and Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). Results. Significant
differences were found only among females. According to YSR, the abused
girls had significantly higher scores on the Delinquent Behavior scale and
marginally higher scores on Anxious/ Depressed and Social Problems scales.
Analyses of the SFI showed significantly lower family functioning among the
girls with the child abuse history for all scales except for the Directive
Leadership. The abused girls also showed significantly lower scores on the
Insight scale, and marginally lower Initiative scores at the ARAS.
Conclusions. These findings may have practical application in the creation
of specific preventive and treatment strategies, particularly focused on
delinquent tendencies, as well as on enhancing resilience through providing
positive environments within families, schools and communities.