bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of optimal conditions for obtaining malt from buckwheat
Authors: Chusova A. E. , Romanyuk T. I. , Agafonov G. V. , Tararykov M. P. , Zueva N. V.
Published: November 2021

Buckwheat can be used in the production of specialized products (including therapeutic and preventive ones) for consumers suffering from gluten intolerance. Buckwheat malt in Russia is not produced on an industrial scale, it is purchased in European countries. It is necessary to know the parameters of processing domestic varieties of buckwheat for the production of buckwheat malt. Mathematical planning methods were used to predict the influence of the main factors of buckwheat germination on the activity of its hydrolytic enzymes for the production of malt with high enzymatic capacity. Dikul buckwheat was studied. Soaking of buckwheat was carried out by air-water method at a temperature of 15-16 °C in tap water to a relative humidity of 46-50 %, air and water pauses were alternated every 4 hours. Germination was carried out for 6 to 7 days at a temperature of 15 to 16 °C until the maximum activity of hydrolytic enzymes of amylolytic and proteolytic action was achieved. The sprouted grain was subjected to fermentation, for which it was left alone for 12-24 hours until the temperature in the middle layer rose to 50-55 °C, stirred and blown with conditioned air with such intensity that the humidity of the malt was 50-52 %, and the temperature in all layers was 67-68 °C for 5 days. Drying was carried out with a gradual increase in temperature from 67-68 °C to 74-75 °C for 16 hours to a humidity of 5-6 %. We predicted how the main factors of buckwheat germination affect the activity of its hydrolytic enzymes. The main factors affecting the activity of enzymes during germination: malting temperature, °C; malting humidity, %; malting duration, day. The criteria for evaluating the influence of the selected parameters were the abilities, units/g of dry substances: amylolytic, saccharifying, and proteolytic. For statistical processing of the study data, central rotatable uniform planning was used, which made it possible to obtain a regression equation that adequately describes the process of buckwheat germination in the course of 20 experiments in 3-fold repetition. To assess the adequacy of the mathematical model, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the experiment was performed in the Design Expert program (Stat-EaseInc.). The following values of the output parameters were obtained, units / g of dry substances – amylolytic capacity of 326.7, saccharifying capacity of 40.9 and proteolytic capacity of 381.9 units/g. at the appropriate input: temperature 15 °C; humidity 48 %; duration of malting 6 days.
Analytical Assessment and Comparison of Wood Strength and Density Effect in the Design of Three Connection Types in Double-Shear
Authors: Fonseca Elza M. M. , Leite Pedro A. S. , Silva Lino D. S. , Silva Vânia S. B. , Lopes Hernâni M.
Published: November 2021

This work presents the results of three connection types in double-shear with dowel fasteners, using the simplified equations from the Eurocode 5. All design parameters were established and compared using three different wood strength and density properties, which constitute the members connections. Eighty-one connections were obtained, allowing to conclude about the number of fasteners needed to the applied tensile load. An increase in the number of dowels was obtained with the increased applied tensile load, lower dowel diameter, lower wood density, and lower strength material in all connection types in the study. The design characteristic load-carrying capacity per shear plane and fastener also decrease with the previously considered parameters.
Down-Regulated hsa-miR-190b-5p is Correlated With BCL11A Expression in Pediatric β-Thalassemia
Authors: Chen Meihuan , Wang Xinrui , Wang Haiwei , Zhang Min , Chen Lingji , Chen Hong , Pan Yali , Zhang Yanhong , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong
Published: November 2021

Background: Transcription factor BCL11A is a key regulator of hemoglobin switching in adult β-thalassemia. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) involve in the pathology of β-thalassemia by regulations of BCL11A. However, the expressions and regulators of BCL11A in pediatric β-thalassemia were unclear. Methods: 18 pediatric β- thalassemia patients and 11 healthy controls were selected in this study. We applied reverse transcript quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) to analyze the expression levels of hsa-miR-190b-5p and γ-globin in pediatric β-thalassemia patients and luciferase activity assay to find out the direct regulations of BCL11A . Correlation between hsa-miR-190b-5p and biochemical indicators, BCL11A was assessed by the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The expression levels of γ-globin in pediatric β-thalassemia patients were significantly increased. Moreover, the expression levels of hsa-miR-190b-5p were significantly down-regulated in pediatric β-thalassemia patients. Furthermore, hsa-miR-190b-5p was negatively correlated with BCL11A expression in pediatric β-thalassemia patients. Through luciferase activity assay, we found that hsa-miR-190b-5p was directly interacted with BCL11A 3’UTR 499-506 regions. Conclusion: Our results suggested that hsa-miR-190b-5p played key roles in regulating of BCL11A expression, which might provide novel therapies in pediatric patients with β-thalassemia .
Telomere Length is Not a Main factor for the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in the TEDDY Study
Authors: Parikh Hemang , Törn Carina , Liu Xiang , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Counts Kevin , Moreno Jose , Remedios Cassandra , Chen Wei-Min , LeFaive Jonathon , Butterworth Martha , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey , Lernmark Åke , Rewers Marian , She Jin-Xiong , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , Ratan Aakrosh , Smith Albert , Hagopian William , Rich Stephen
Published: November 2021

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study enrolled 8,676 children, 3-4 months of age, born with HLA-susceptibility genotypes for islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in 1,119 children in a nested case-control study design. Telomere length was estimated from WGS data using five tools: Computel, Telseq, Telomerecat, qMotif and Motif_counter. The estimated median telomere length was 5.10 kb (IQR: 4.52 kb – 5.68 kb) using Computel. The age when the blood sample was drawn had a significant negative correlation with telomere length (P = 0.003). European children, particularly those from Finland (P = 0.041) and from Sweden (P = 0.001), had shorter telomeres than children from the U.S.A. Paternal age (P = 0.019) was positively associated with telomere length. First degree relative status, presence of gestational diabetes in the mother, and maternal age did not have a significant impact on estimated telomere length. HLA-DR4/4 or HLA-DR4/X children had significantly longer telomeres compared to children with HLA-DR3/3 or HLA-DR3/9 haplogenotypes (P = 0.008). Estimated telomere length was not significantly different with respect to any IA (P = 0.377), IAA-first (P = 0.248), GADA-first (P = 0.248) or T1D (P = 0.861). These results suggest that telomere length has no major impact on the risk for IA, the first step to develop T1D. Nevertheless, telomere length was shorter in the T1D high prevalence populations, Finland and Sweden.
On the appropriate interpretation of evidence: the example of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular edema
Authors: Wu Jing , Adams Clive , He Xiaoning , Qi Fang , Xia Jun
Published: November 2021

Background: Different network meta-analyses (NMAs) on the same topic result in differences in findings. In this review we investigated network meta-analyses comparing ranibizumab with aflibercept for diabetic macular edema in the hope of illuminating why the differences in findings occurred.Findings: For the binary outcome of best corrected visual acuity, different reviews all agreed on their being no clear difference between the two treatments; while continuous outcomes all favour aflibercept over ranibizumab. We discussed four points of particular concern that are illustrated by five similar NMAs, including: network differences, PICO differences, different data from the same measures of effect, differences in what is truly significant.Conclusions: Closer inspection of each of these reviews shows how the methods, including the searches and analyses all differ but the findings, although presented differently and sometimes interpreted differently, were similar.
Effect of Physiotherapy on the Promotion of Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Authors: Torró-Ferrero Galaad , Fernández-Rego Francisco Javier , Agüera-Arenas Juan Jose , Gómez-Conesa Antonia
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPreterm infants have a low level of bone mineralization compared to those born at term, since 80% of calcium incorporation occurs at the end of pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of reflex locomotion therapy on bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants and compare its effect against other physiotherapy procedures.MethodsA randomized controlled trial carried out over four years from February 2016 to July 2020 was conducted. 52 preterm infants born at 29-34 weeks with hemodynamical stability, full enteral nutrition, and without any metabolic, congenital, genetic, neurological or respiratory disorders, were evaluated for inclusion; 6 were discarded due to exclusion criteria; finally 46 were randomized to three groups but only 76.08% completed the study: One group received reflex locomotion therapy (EGrlt); other group received passive movements with gentle compression (EGpmc); and control group received massage (CG). All treatments were carried out at the neonatal unit lasting one month. The main outcome measure was the bone mineralization measured with Tibial Speed of Sound (Tibial-SOS). A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the results of Tibial-SOS, and anthropometric measurements. All the personnel who carried out the measurement tests were blinded to which intervention group the patients belonged. Likewise, participants, family, and data analysts were also blinded. The physiotherapist who carried out the treatments was blinded against the objectives of the study.ResultsInfants were randomized into EGrlt (n=17), EGpmc (n=14), and CG (n=15). All groups were similar in terms of gestational age (31.8±1.18) and birth weight (1583.41±311.9), age (33.5±1.24) and Tibial Speed of Sound (1604.7±27.9), at the beginning of the intervention. At the end of the study, significant differences were found among groups in Tibial Speed of Sound [F(4,86)=2.77, P=0.049, ηp2=0.114] in benefit of EGrlt.ConclusionsThe reflex locomotion therapy has been effective in the improvement of Tibial Speed of Sound, and has been more effective than other physical therapy modalities; therefore it could be considered as one of the most effective physiotherapeutic modalities for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia of prematurity.Trial registration﻿ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04356807. Registered 22/04/2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04356807?cond=Physical+Therapy+to+Prevent+Osteopenia+in+Preterm+Infants&draw=2&rank=1
PCSK9 Inhibitor Induces a Transient Decrease in Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio in Homozygous/Compound Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients
Authors: Li Fang Yuan , Ye Pucong , Hao Yu , Du Juan , Zhang Hang , Wang Zengtao , Wang Xumin , Ma Yaluan , Zeng Hui , Lin Jie
Published: November 2021

Background: Homozygous/compound heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH/cHeFH) is characterized by extremely elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels that have been reported to contribute to a long-term chronic systemic inflammation. The aims of this study are to describe the inflammatory profile of HoFH/cHeFH patients and explore the effect of PCSK9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) on a series of inflammatory biomarkers, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-HDL ratio (MHR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and mean platelet volume-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 21 definitive HoFH/cHeFH on high-intensity statins plus ezetimibe were placed on subcutaneous injections of PCSK9i 450mg every 4 weeks (Q4W). The biochemical parameters and inflammatory profile were analyzed at the day before PCSK9i therapy, 3 months and 6 months after PCSK9i therapy.Results: We found that HoFH/cHeFH on maximum tolerated statin dose plus ezetimibe displayed an elevated lipid and disturbed blood biomarker profile. After 3 months of add-on PCSK9i therapy, a significant reduction of LDL-C was observed. Meanwhile, percentage and count of neutrophils, monocyte counts, MPV, as well as two inflammatory biomarkers, NLR and MLR were reduced. However, at 6-month PCSK9i treatment, NLR and MLR returned to pre-PCSK9i treatment levels.Conclusions: PCSK9i induces a transient decrease in NLR and MLR in HoFH/cHeFH patients. Our results add evidence in evaluating the effects of PCSK9i on systemic inflammation.
piRNAs and PIWI proteins as potential biomarkers in ‌Breast cancer
Authors: Amelimojarad MANDANA , Amelimojarad Melika
Published: November 2021

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are another subgroup of small non-coding RNAs, that can play different biological activities further to their capabilities in the germline such as regulating the gene and protein expression, epigenetic silencing of transposable elements, and regulating the spermatogenesis by interacting with PIWI proteins. Recently, with the help of next-generation sequencing, abnormal expression of piRNAs have been observed in different types of cancer such as breast cancer (BC). A new investigation proposes piRNA as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in the treatment of BC. Therefore, this review aims to focus on the role of piRNAs in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of BC and its molecular mechanisms to understand its function and provide a better therapeutic strategy.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Deep Groove Ball Bearings Using Fatigue-Wear-Thermal Considerations Through Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Dabbara Raghavendra Rohit , Tiwari Rajiv
Published: November 2021

Bearings are the key components in a wide range of machines used in different sectors of industries. Consequently, any improvement in the performance of bearings would be a step forward to extract better performance from those machines. With this motivation in mind, we selected the most common type of bearing, the Deep Groove Ball Bearing (DGBB), for optimizing its performance. Obviously, the first and foremost performance characteristic would be the dynamic load carrying capacity (CD), whose improvement directly leads to the increased service life of the bearing. We have considered two more characteristics of bearings, which we thought would have an impact on the bearings’ performance. They are elasto-hydrodynamic film thickness (hmin) and maximum temperature developed (Tmax) inside the bearing. Maximization of the lubricant thickness decreases the damage to the rolling elements and the raceways due to metal-metal contact. And minimization of temperature is desirable in every machine element. Later, we would also see that the three objective functions chosen are conflicting in nature and hence mutually independent. For the current optimization problem, a genetic algorithm, Elitist Non-dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is chosen. And the bearing dimensions, which could be controlled during manufacturing are chosen as the design variables. Multiple constraints are chosen based on the design space and strength considerations. The optimization algorithm is used on a set of commercially available bearings. Pareto fronts are drawn to give the designer a multitude of optimal solutions to choose from. However, in this paper, the knee-point solution is presented, which is one of the optimum solutions. When compared with the commercial bearings, the bearings with optimized dimensions have higher dynamic load carrying capacities and hence longer life. Also, the sensitivity analysis is done to check the robustness of the bearings to manufacturing tolerances in the design variables. Finally, for visualization and as a check for physical plausibility, the radial dimensions of one of the optimized bearings have been shown.
Antiproliferation Effects of Nanophytosome-Loaded Phenolic Compounds From Fruit of Juniperus Polycarpos Against Breast Cancer in Mice Model: Synthesis, Characterization and Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Moeini Soheila , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan
Published: November 2021

Background: This research was performed to synthesize nanophytosomes-loaded high phenolic fraction (HPF) from Juniperus polycarpos fruit extract and investigate its antiproliferation effects against breast cancer in mice model. Results: The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF from Juniperus polycarpos fruit extract was synthesized. The mice trial was conducted to determine the possible toxic effects of the synthesized nanophytosomes. The anticancer, pro-apoptotic, and antioxidative activities of the nanophytosomes were determined. The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF had a spherical structure with a size of 176 nm and a polydispersity index coefficient of 0.24. The in-vivo study manifested that nanophytosomes-loaded HPF significantly improved weight gain and food intake compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF significantly enhanced the expression of bax (3.4-fold) and caspase-3 (2.7-fold) genes but reduced bcl2 (3.6-fold) gene expression in tumor cells. The average tumor size was significantly decreased in mice treated with nanophytosomes-loaded HPF (p<0.05). The expression of GPX (2.3-fold) and SOD (2.7-fold) antioxidants in the liver of mice supplemented with nanophytosomes-loaded HPF was significantly developed compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The nanophytosomes-loaded HPF did not show toxicity on normal cells. Conclusion: Our results indicated that nanophytosomes-loaded HPF might be a potential anticancer agent for the breast cancer treatment.
Drug-Loaded Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acid as an Effective Cancer Nanovaccine
Authors: Deng Bo , Ma Bing , Ma Yingying , Cao Pei , Leng Xigang , Huang Pengyu , Ji Tianjiao , Lu Xueguang , Liu Lanxia
Published: November 2021

Background: Cancer nanovaccine has become a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. The major challenge of cancer vaccines is limited efficacy caused by lack of desirable tumor specific antigens (TSA). Chemotherapeutics can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) and release TSAs, which initiate tumor-specific immune responses. However, ICD-triggered immune responses are usually not potent enough to eliminate the tumor cells. Herein, we developed liposomal spherical nucleic acids (SNA) that can simultaneously deliver and release doxorubicin (DOX) and CpG oligonucleotides upon biological stimuli in tumors to augment antitumor immune responses. Results: SNA nanoparticle increased DOX accumulation at the tumor tissue to induce tumor cells apoptosis and autophagy to activate both ICD-triggered and autophagy-mediated Th1-type immune responses. Meanwhile, CpG, which was co-delivered with DOX, functioned synergistically to potentiate the antitumor immune responses. These nanoparticles effectively inhibited tumor growth and extended animal survival of a mouse lymphoma model. Conclusions: This work provided a simple strategy of delivering chemotherapeutics and adjuvants to tumors to improve immunotherapeutic efficacy of nanovaccines.
Design, Synthesis, Drug-Likeness And In Silico Prediction of Polycyclic Aromatic Schiff Base Tethered Organosilatranes
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Jindal Shilpy , Singh Akshpreet , Singh Surjeet , Sushma  , Mohit  , Thakur Yamini , Singh K.N , Soni Sajeev
Published: November 2021

The present article includes the generation of aromatic Schiff base tethered organosilatranes via two step synthetic pathways starting from anthracene-10-carbaldehyde and 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde. The synthesis was achieved by employing condensation reaction followed by transesterification methodology. The prepared organosilatranes containing aromatic schiff based ligands were structurally authenticated using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR and mass analysis. The prepared compounds were also scrutinized for in silico physiochemical properties via Molininspiration and ADMET software and the results revealed their good biological potential for drug discovery.
Evolution of Tobacco and E-cigarette Experimentation and Use Among French Adolescents Aged 15-16 Years From 2018 to 2020: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Wamba André , Nekaa Mabrouk , Leclerc Lara , Denis-Vatant Christine , Masson Julien , Pourchez Jérémie
Published: November 2021

BackgroundWe assessed and compared the evolution of tobacco and e-cigarette experimentation and use among French adolescents aged 15-16 years.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study conducted in 2018-2020 among 7,883 Year 11 pupils attending 27 public secondary schools of the Loire department, France. ResultsFrom 2018 to 2020, 66.18% of adolescents were “non-vapers and non-smokers”, 19.76% were “vapers and smokers”, 7.90% were “non-vapers and smokers” and 6.15% were “vapers and non-smokers”. E-cigarette experimentation was more prevalent than tobacco experimentation (44.92% vs 41.67%), and daily vaping was less prevalent than daily smoking (5.40% vs 10.24%). More boys than girls were daily vapers or daily smokers. A decrease was observed in tobacco experimentation (from 41.22% in 2018 to 39.73% in 2020) and e-cigarette experimentation (from 50.28% in 2018 to 41.25% in 2020). Current vaping remained stable, with an increase in daily vaping. French adolescent vapers frequently use e-liquids with little or no nicotine or with fruit or sweet flavours.ConclusionsAdolescents used e-cigarettes mainly for experimental and/or recreational purposes. The proportion of “non-vapers and non-smokers” tended to increase. “Non-vapers and smokers” tended to progress to the dual use of vaping and smoked tobacco products, with the likely intention to reduce or quit smoking.
Origin of Life: Aliphatic aldehydes in the Earth’s crust – remains of prebiotic chemistry?
Authors: Großmann Yildiz , Schreiber Ulrich , Mayer Christian , Schmitz Oliver
Published: November 2021

The Origin of Life is a question that has not yet been solved in the natural sciences. Some promising interpretative approaches are related to hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal environments contain all necessary elements for the development of precursor molecules. There are possibly catalytically active surfaces and wide ranges of pressure and temperature conditions. The chemical composition of hydrothermal fluids together with periodically fluctuating physical conditions should open up multiple pathways towards prebiotic molecules. Already in 2017, we detected prebiotic organic substances, including a homologous series of aldehydes in more than 3 billion years old Archean quartz crystals from Western Australia. In order to approach the question if the transformation of inorganic into organic substances is an ongoing process, we investigated a drill core from the geologically young Wehr caldera in Germany at a depth of 1000 m. Here we show the existence of a similar homologous series of aldehydes (C8 to C16) in the fluid inclusions of the drill core calcites, a finding that supports the thesis that hydrothermal environments could possibly be the material source for the origin of life.
The Potency of Eco-Innovation, Natural Resource and Financial Development on Ecological Footprint: A Quantile-ARDL Based Evidence from China
Authors: Afshan Sahar , Yaqoob Tanzeela
Published: November 2021

Given the alarming deterioration of the environment, the present analysis investigates the role of eco-innovation, natural resources and financial development in influencing the environmental degradation of China. Applying the novel method of Quantile-ARDL, the current research is beneficial in portraying the dependence patterns of the variables with special emphasis on the nexus of eco-innovation and ecological footprint across numerous quantiles of the distribution which has not been examined so far in the literature. The empirical findings reveal that in the long run, eco-innovation reduces the level of ecological deterioration in China across all quantiles. On the other hand, the results suggest that the increase in credit to the private sector and natural resource rents augment environmental degradation. The outcomes imply that the over-dependence on natural resources and financial development can worsen the goals of sustainable development in China if the strategies of conservation and management are ignored. Moreover, witnessing the favourable role of eco-innovation, competent policies and regulations can be made towards sustainable efficient technologies and eco-friendly energy sources to halt global warming.
Prediction And Evaluation of Forest Fire In Yunnan of China Based On Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Li Wenhui , Xu Quanli , Yi Junhua , Liu Jing
Published: November 2021

Establishing an effective forest fire forecasting mechanism is the premise of scientific planning and management of forest fires and forest fire prevention. In recent years, the forest fire prediction mechanism has been one of the key areas of concern for the government forestry management departments and forestry researchers. One of them, is logistic regression ( LR ). It is a relatively frequent prediction probability model used in forest fire prediction and prediction in China and abroad for the past few years. However, with the gradual deepening of research, it is found that the logistic regression model fails to fully consider the spatial non-stationary relationship between forest fires and driving factors, which leads to poor fitting effect and low prediction accuracy of the model. But its extended counterpart, the Geographically weighted logistic regression ( GWLR ) model, takes into account the spatial correlation between model variables, and effectively improves the fitting ability and prediction accuracy of the model. Therefore, this paper compares the ability of the logistic regression model and the geographically weighted logistic regression model in terms of fitting ability and prediction accuracy in order to obtain the ability of the two models to predict forest fires in Yunnan Province. In this paper, the samples were divided into 60% training samples and 40% test samples, and repeated sampling was carried out 5 times for training. Variables that appeared in the training model for 3 or more times were used to construct the final LR and GWLR models. Finally, the models with better fitting ability and higher prediction accuracy were used to classify the fire risks in Yunnan Province. The results show that the geographically weighted logistic regression model is superior to the logistic regression model in terms of fitting effect and accuracy. The geographically weighted logistic regression model is more suitable for the data structure of forest fires in Yunnan Province and has better prediction ability. The AUC value of the geographically weighted logistic regression model is 0.902, and the prediction accuracy is 82.7 %; The AUC value of logistic regression model was 0.891, and the prediction accuracy was 80.1%; Fully considering the spatial heterogeneity among model variables can, to some extent, predict forest fires more accurately. The fitting of the two models shows that the relative humidity, temperature, air pressure, sunshine hours, daily precipitation, wind speed, and other meteorological factors; Vegetation type; terrain factor; Population density, road network and other human activity factors become the cause of forest fires in Yunnan Province.
АNALYTICAL EVALUATION OF INDICATORS OF BANKING SYSTEM CAPITALIZATION AND MACROECONOMIC STABILITY IN UKRAINE
Authors: Didenko І. , Yefimenko A.
Published: November 2021

Current trends in economic development of both the state as a whole and its individual sectors lead to a more detailed assessment of indicators of banking sector capitalization as indicators of system financial stability. Also, socio-economic fluctuations at the international level instigate a revision of macroeconomic stability indicators, which will allow analyzing the possibility of further development of Ukraine.
It is important to note that a sufficient level of banking system capitalization is the basis for covering potential risks. With a high level of capitalization, the risk of bank default decreases, which has a positive effect on macroeconomic stability.
The purpose of the study is to conduct an analytical assessment of capitalization and macroeconomic stability, to determine the forecast values of bank capital and GDP of Ukraine for 2021-2022 and to develop practical recommendations for improving the level of these indicators.
The main tools used during the study are: methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, the method of exponential smoothing of time series, construction of an additive model, graphical method. STATISTICA was used for forecasting.
The article provides an analytical review of the main indicators of banking system capitalization of Ukraine. Indicators of macroeconomic stability are studied.
It is determined that the main indicators of capitalization in Ukraine are: H1 and H2 standards, the amount of balance capital of banks.
The forecast of the volume of capital of banks of Ukraine and GDP for 2021-2022 by the method of exponential smoothing is carried out. Forecasting is performed with and without taking into account the seasonal component. The constructed models are adequate, so the results can be used in practice.
Having forecast values of capital, banks will be able to adjust their resource policy and determine the deficit or surplus of this indicator. The projected values
of GDP will help to adjust the state policy in terms of the formation of the indicator and to develop appropriate measures to further improve its level.
Thus, the analytical review should be conducted on an ongoing basis, taking into account changes in the socio-economic policy of the state, fluctuations in the banking sector and changes in the world economy.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES AND STRUCTURES BY STATE ORDER
Authors: Anipko L.
Published: November 2021

The imbalance associated with the dominance of supply over demand in the market of educational services, excess demand for certain specialties and its absence in others has a negative impact and worsens the staffing of government agencies and the economy of Ukraine as a whole. This is the motive for retrospective analysis of the experience of staffing by state order of the economy, mechanisms and structures that carry out individual processes at different stages from order formation to the distribution of specialists for the formation of modern educational policy. The factors influencing the orders of specialists, such as demography, the structure of economic sectors, priorities of economic development, deindustrialization of the economy, etc. are analyzed.
The results of retrospective analysis of the system of training and placement of personnel with higher education for a period of more than 100 years, the need to develop long-term (at least 6-7 years) state policy and prioritize the training of specialists with higher education by state order. Tasks and measures have been identified, the solution of which will allow to create a regular approach to the mechanism of formation of the state order in the training of specialists with higher education and the influential levers of its management. The lost elements of the structure are given, which do not allow the existing system of staffing by the state order to function effectively.
It is proved that state regulation of higher education should be carried out exclusively in accordance with state priorities, prospects of national economy and its branches, in accordance with modern conditions on the basis of the European educational space, as well as based on forecasting, planning needs, assessing demographic and economic situation.
The conducted retrospective analysis allows to determine the need for long-term state policy and to determine priorities in the training of qualified specialists with higher education by state order.
The integration of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Algerian banks
Authors: Zerigui Khadidja , Gachi Faiza
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this document is summarized in the study of new integrated strategies in Algerian banks. This study is supported by a scientific discussion that helped us to test our suggested hypotheses in order to answer our central question. In this perspective, we focused on corporate social responsibility, as a new integrated strategy in the Algerian banking system, and then awareness of the types of investments for the bank’s clients. In order to remedy this situation and to arrive at relevant results, we conducted our own survey of the regional directors of the banks in order to prove the existence of CSR in all the banks in Algeria (public and foreign). Our results have shown that foreign banks apply CSR in their home countries and also incorporate these new standards into their marketing strategies in Algeria, unlike the Algerian public bank, which is just beginning to become aware of these new strategic standards. Just some of them apply them. Let’s go back to the client who is mostly unconscious and who remains indifferent to these new standards but rather who is just interested in banking (savings, investment) and above all the thing that interests him most is confidence, this is the reason why the Algerian client prefers to save in the public bank for his financial security, even if the foreign bank is more developed in terms of marketing strategies. Finally, the empirical study helped us gather more information to answer our questions and test our suggested hypotheses. The analysis of the results will be discussed in the presentation of this document.
Contributions of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting BEPS Project on Transfer Pricing and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Ouelhadj Anissa , Bouchetara Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Globalization and digitalization lead to flaws and asymmetries in tax rules which were used by multinational companies in their own benefit. Then, to face tax avoidance and tax losses which represents 100 to 240 billion dollars per year, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and G-20 implement, since 2012, the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project, base erosion and profit shifting, which is the most important international reform that tax system has known. This paper aims to understand whether the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project’s transfer pricing actions mitigate tax avoidance by multinationals through a literature review and a qualitative approach. We interview 05 international tax specialists working in Multinational Companies and Tax Administration. We found that the project’s transfer pricing reforms mitigate tax avoidance in short term. We confirm the first hypothesis, that the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project’s transfer pricing inputs mitigate tax avoidance in the short term, and following the results obtained, we refute the second hypothesis that Base Erosion and Profit Shifting actions dealing with transfer pricing do not mitigate tax avoidance.
Analysis of Corporate Investment Behaviour in Digital Technologies for Organisational Development Purposes
Authors: Skrynnyk Olena
Published: November 2021

In the context of this study, a literature review and the survey of German business executives were conducted. On the way to digitalisation, companies try to support or replace as many processes as possible using software and tools. The main purpose of this study consisted in investigating corporate investment behaviour in digital technologies for organisational development. Since the progress in this area in recent period is very large, consists the need to determine how do companies choose the appropriate functions and how much are they willing to invest for their execution. The study relies on a review of recent publications, statistical analysis and empirical analysis based on the results of online surveys. Behavioural determinants defined include regularity and predictability of organisational development, spending points, purpose of investment, previous experience with investment object, possible reasons against investment. It was compared which characteristics of companies (number of employees, annual turnover, age of the company, orientation) can influence a statement about the level of investment in organisational development, as well as desired functions and possible decision against investment in digital technologies. Furthermore, the current expenditures for organisational development were compared with the investments of companies with the same characteristics. The results demonstrate the different distribution of statistically collected data for personal purposes and the estimated investment volumes for digital tools for organisational development, despite relatively similar figures for current expenditure on organisational development.
Worrying Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Through the Prism of Recommender Systems
Authors: Bojić Ljubiša , Zarić Maja , Žikić Simona
Published: November 2021

Transfer from social to semantic web brought us to an era of algorithmic society, placing issues such as privacy, big data and AI in the spotlight. although neutral by their nature, the power of big data algorithms to impact societies became major concern outcoming with fines issued to Facebook in the US. These events were initiated by alleged breaches of data privacy connected to recommender system technology, which can provide individualized content to internet users. This paper seeks to explain recommender systems, while elaborating on their social effects, to conclude that their overall impacts might be increase in retail sales, democratization of advertising, increase in internet addictions, social polarization (echo chamber issue), and improvement of political communication. Also, more research should be deployed into low intensity addictions, as potential outcome of recommender systems, and it should be explored how they affect political participation and democracy.
Groundwater quality assessment using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis in Alaçam, Turkey
Authors: Taşan Mehmet , Demir Yusuf , Taşan Sevda
Published: November 2021

This study assessed groundwater quality in Alaçam, where irrigations are performed solely with groundwaters and samples were taken from 35 groundwater wells at pre and post irrigation seasons in 2014. Samples were analyzed for 18 water quality parameters. SAR, RSC and %Na values were calculated to examine the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to assess the groundwater quality parameters. The average EC value of groundwater in the pre-irrigation period was 1.21 dS/m and 1.30 dS/m after irrigation in the study area. It was determined that there were problems in two wells pre-irrigation and one well post-irrigation in terms of RSC, while there was no problem in the wells in terms of SAR. Piper diagram and cluster analysis showed that most groundwaters had CaHCO3 type water characteristics and only 3% had NaCl- as the predominant type. Seawater intrusion was identified as the primary factor influencing groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analyses to evaluate polluting sources revealed that groundwater quality is affected by seawater intrusion, ion exchange, mineral dissolution and anthropogenic factors. The use of multivariate statistical methods and geographic information systems to manage water resources will be beneficial for both planners and decision-makers.
Therapeutic Journey and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin
Derivatives
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Singh Kuldeep , Ved Akash , Hasan Syed Misbahul , Mujeeb Samar
Published: November 2021

Background:

Coumarin is an oxygen-containing compound in medicinal chemistry. Coumarin
plays an important role in both natural systems like plants and synthetic medicinal applications
as drug molecules. Many structurally different coumarin compounds have been found to possess a
wide range of similarities with the vital molecular targets in terms of their pharmacological action and
small modifications in their structures, resulting in significant changes in their biological activities.

Objective:

This review provides detailed information regarding the studies focused on the recent advances
in various pharmacological aspects of coumarins.

Method:

Various oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds represent remarkable biological significance.
The fused aromatic oxygen-heterocyclic nucleus can change its electron density, thus altering
the chemical, physical and biological properties, respectively, due to its multiple binding modes with
the receptors, which play a crucial role in the pharmacological screening of drugs. Several heterocyclic
compounds have been synthesized which have their nuclei derived from various plants and animals.
In coumarins, the benzene ring is fused with a pyrone nucleus which provides stability to the
nucleus. Coumarins have shown a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant,
anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, etc.

Results:

Reactive oxygen species, like superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, are
a type of unstable molecule containing oxygen, which reacts with other molecules in the cell during
metabolism; however, when the number of reactive oxygen species increases, it may lead to cytotoxicity,
thereby damaging the biological macromolecules. Hydroxyl Radical (OH) is a strong oxidizing
agent and it is responsible for the cytotoxicity caused by oxygen in different plants, animals, and other
microbes. Coumarin is the oldest and effective compound having antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, antidepressant, analgesic, anticonvulsant activities, etc. Naturally existing coumarin compounds
act against SARS-CoV-2 by preventing viral replication and targeting the active site against
the Mpro target protein.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the different biological activities of coumarin derivatives. In this
review, we provide an updated summary of the researches which are related to recent advances in biological
activities of coumarins analogs and their most recent activities against COVID -19. Natural
compounds act as a rich resource for novel drug development against various SARS-CoV-2 viral
strains and viruses, like herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis
B and C viruses, middle east respiratory syndrome, and severe acute respiratory syndrome.
The Antibacterial Activity of Isatin Hybrids
Authors: Liu Bi , Jiang Dan , Hu Guowen
Published: November 2021

Bacterial infections, which cause a wide range of host immune disorders leading to local and systemic tissue damage, are still one of the main causes of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment of bacterial infections is challenging, mainly attributed to the rapidly evolving resistance mechanisms, creating an urgent demand to develop novel antibacterial agents. Hybridization is one of the most promising strategies in the development of novel antibacterial drugs with the potential to address drug resistance since different pharmacophores in the hybrid molecules could modulate multiple targets and exert synergistic effects. Isatin, distributed widely in nature, can exert antibacterial properties by acting on diverse enzymes, proteins, and receptors. Accordingly, hybridization of isatin pharmacophores with other antibacterial pharmacophores in one molecule may provide novel antibacterial candidates with broad-spectrum activity against various pathogens, including drug-resistant forms. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural and synthetic isatin hybrids with antibacterial potential and summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) to provide an insight for the rational design of more active candidates, covering articles published between January 2012 and June 2021.
Association of Serum and Crevicular Fluid Dickkopf-1 Levels with Disease Activity and Periodontitis in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Romero-Sánchez Consuelo , Giraldo Sebastián , Heredia-P Ana María , De Avila Juliette , Chila-Moreno Lorena , Londoño John , Valle-Oñate Rafael , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Bautista-Molano Wilson
Published: November 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess DKK-1 levels, in Gingival Crevicular
Fluid (GCF) and serum, as a biomarker for bone loss and disease activity in periodontitis and early
RA (eRA).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we obtained serum and GCF from 10 interproximal sites
(Distal Buccal I/S, Mesio Buccal I/S, Distal Palatal/Lingual, Mesio Palatal/Lingual) according to
the highest degree of inflammation by a patient for 240 sites from eRA patients. Patients received a
periodontal assessment, a radiographic evaluation, tomography of interproximal sites, and DKK1
levels were determined by ELISA. Comparisons were performed by the Mann-Whitney U test and
analysis by Chi2 test, and a logistic regression model was applied.

Results:

The mean age was 46.33 ± 12.0 years, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-ESR) was
4.08 ± 1.4. Periodontitis was present in 65.2% of the patients, and 59.6% of these patients had bone
loss in interproximal sites.
Higher GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with serum-DKK1 (OR:2.41 IC95% 1.14-5.09,
p=0.021) and were related with DAS28-ESR (p=0.001), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data
3 (RAPID 3) (p=0.001), and tender joints (p=0.040). Foot bone erosion and juxta-articular osteopenia
were associated with high levels of serum-DKK1 (p=0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Serum-DKK1
were associated with SDAI (OR: 2.38 IC95% 1.03-5.52, p=0.043), RAPID 3 (p=0.001), and
rheumatoid factor (p=0.018).
The GCF-DKK1 levels were associated with periodontal bone loss (p=0.011), periodontitis
(p=0.070) and its severity (OR: 2.58 IC95% 2.28-7.28, p=0.001). Bone loss was more frequent in
buccal sites (73.5%) and was associated with increased levels of DKK1 (p=0.033).

Conclusion:

In the early stages of the eRA disease, serum and GCF-DKK1 could be a biomarker
for clinical disease activity and periodontal and articular bone erosion.