bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Breathing-Induced Displacements in a Wind Turbine Blade Trailing Edge Panel: A Parametric Study
Authors: Moroney Patrick D. , Verma Amrit S.
Published: June 2024

As wind turbine blades become larger, the impact of edgewise gravity loads becomes increasingly critical. One significant problem related to these loads is known as “breathing,” which is the cyclic out-of-plane motion of the trailing edge panels. Breathing can cause several issues in wind turbine blades, including increased peel stresses in the adhesive joint at the trailing edge and in severe cases, result in trailing edge splitting. Despite its importance, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of breathing and its effect on the blade’s trailing edge fatigue performance. This paper employs the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine model to study the breathing effects, explicitly focusing on the displacement of trailing edge panels due to gravitational loads, aerodynamic loads, and their combined influence. Additionally, the study introduces modifications to the DTU 10 MW blade to evaluate the impact of various parameters on the breathing displacements such as different positions along the blade length, different points along the trailing edge panels, and the inclusion of an additional web near the trailing edge. The results of the study show that the breathing-induced displacement of trailing edge panels near the blade’s maximum chord region can be primarily dominated by gravitational loads. However, the displacement closer to the blade tip is mainly influenced by aerodynamic loads. Furthermore, the utilization of a third web reduces the overall displacement of panels, as it helps decrease the length of unsupported panels in the blade’s cross-section. By predicting the breathing-induced displacements in wind turbine blades, future research efforts will focus on understanding their effect on the peel stresses in the adhesive joint and fatigue life of wind turbine blades.
A Novel Machine Learning Framework for Digital Estimation of Allowables in Aerospace Composites
Authors: Eskandariyun Amirali , Fu Huilong , Stere Alexandru , Bauer Andrew , Reynolds Carla , Chengalva Mahesh , Dong Shannon , Dong John , Brunton Steven , Zobeiry Navid
Published: June 2024

The certification of composite aerostructures traditionally follows a labor-intensive process involving extensive testing campaigns that encompass a range of environmental conditions, testing geometry, loading conditions, lay-up, and material architecture. This approach requires repeating tests from different batches to establish statistical significance and determine A-basis and B-basis design allowables, resulting in high costs and time consumption. Moreover, it limits design exploration and hinders the qualification and certification of new materials and designs. While composite failure simulation techniques have evolved over the past decade, they are often slow and overlook material variability and uncertainties. The calibration of high-fidelity simulation models is also complex. Low-fidelity models and reduced-order modeling have been used to address these issues, but their accuracy and applicability are in question. Multi-scale simulation methods have been developed to consider composite structures, yet they tend to neglect the impact of processing-induced defects on performance. Recent attempts to incorporate machine learning (ML) in the certification process have faced challenges due to the difficulty of obtaining necessary training data from high-fidelity and multi-scale simulations. In the proposed framework, material and processing uncertainties are considered by integrating stochastic process simulation with stochastic failure analysis, focusing on the effects of processing-induced defects on failure. This approach uses both low-fidelity and high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations and multi-scale simulations to generate data for training ML models. These models serve to quantify uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach, ultimately yielding digital design allowables. A case study with Hexcel AS4/8552 material illustrates the framework’s application, estimating design allowables while accounting for heat transfer uncertainties, residual stress variations, and volume fraction variations. These digitally estimated design allowables are subsequently validated against publicly available experimental data. This framework has the potential to revolutionize the certification process, reducing costs and time while enhancing design exploration and flexibility.
Astronauts face health risks—even on short trips in space
Authors: Skibba Ramin
Published: June 2024

New studies include health data collected from space tourists on first privately funded orbital mission
Coupling effects of stress, seepage and damage during reconstruction and excavation of abandoned deep water-rich roadways
Authors: Deng Yunchen , Luo Yi , Qu Dengxing , Zhang Xuan , Liu Xin , Luo Han , Li Xinping
Published: June 2024

A stress–seepage–damage coupling model considering the long-term creep of a deep rock mass was established to study the mechanism of evolution of stability of the surrounding rock during reconstruction and excavation of abandoned deep water-rich roadways in a mine. The research shows that the maximum compressive stress in a circular cavern is significantly lower than that in a horseshoe-shaped cavern. Stress is distributed more uniformly in the circular cavern, and appropriately enlarging the size of the reconstructed excavation site can improve the stability of the surrounding rock. As the creep duration for abandoned roadways increases from 1 to 9 years, the growth rates for vault settlement and horizontal clearance convergence remain constant and the roadway undergoes steady-state creep. With increasing burial depth of the abandoned roadway (200–400 m), a pressure arch is gradually formed in the roadway roof in the reconstruction and mining process. The surrounding rock forms a ‘self-bearing structure’ with arch mechanical characteristics and a load transfer mechanism to maintain its own stability, and the overall bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is greatly improved. However, once the burial depth exceeds 400 m, the effect of the pressure arch begins to diminish with further increases in burial depth. Furthermore, porewater pressure significantly weakens the surrounding rocks.
Twist: A Multi-site Transmission Solution for On-demand Video Streaming
Authors: Wang Haiping , Zhang Ruixiao , Li Chaojun , Xue Zhichen , Peng Yajie , Pang Xiaofei , Zhang Yixuan , Ren Shaorui , Shi Shu
Published: June 2024

Video traffic has witnessed exponential growth in recent years. As the cost optimization space of Content Delivery Network (CDN) has reached a plateau, content providers are expanding their network infrastructure to accommodate this surge. To address the cost issue, content providers have turned to cost-effective Peer-to-Peer Content Delivery Network (PCDN) solutions. However, the utilization of limited-capability PCDN nodes may lead to a decline in overall streaming performance compared to powerful CDN servers. To bridge this performance gap, we present Twist. Twist is a receiver-driven multi-site transport that leverages multiple cost-effective PCDN nodes to achieve performance equivalent to traditional CDN solutions. It incorporates a joint flow control to prevent throughput drops that can occur when using multiple content sources, and a proactive retransmission algorithm to handle frequent packet loss. Our evaluations demonstrate that Twist improves download speed on PCDN nodes by 1.71x-2.09x compared to traditional PCDN streaming solutions. Furthermore, extensive A/B testing verifies that Twist enables PCDN to achieve comparable download performance and Quality of Experience (QoE) as CDN. Over three years of commercial deployment, Twist has already served over 300 million users and has handled 35% of the video traffic, resulting in substantial cost savings for a world-leading content provider.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia facilitates the development of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in male mice
Authors: Sharma Neekun , Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Cai Dunpeng , Morales-Quinones Mariana , Soares Rogerio N. , Higashi Yusuke , Chen Shiyou , Gozal David , Padilla Jaume , Manrique-Acevedo Camila , Chandrasekar Bysani , Martinez-Lemus Luis A.
Published: June 2024

IH facilitates Ang II-induced abdominal aortic diameter expansion and AAA development in C57BL/6J male mice. IH upregulates the expression of specific MMPs such as MMP8, MMP12, and ADAM17. IH directly suppresses RECK expression and increases MMPs activity in SMCs. Human AAA tissues exhibit a downregulation of RECK and an upregulation of ADAM17 and MMPs.
A Cleaner Production Scheduling Model with Green Investment and Pandemic Effects
Authors: Priyan S. , Joshi Mukesh , Priya Rashmi , Garg Amit , Pathak Sonal , Quraishi Suhail Javed
Published: June 2024

This article designs a cleaner production scheduling model for defective products with flexible rework rate and shortages by considering the transportation cost as proportional to pandemic intensity. The model incorporates a variable setup cost and carbon emissions originating from various activities, both of which are targeted for reduction through investments in green technologies. The main aim of this work is to determine optimal production strategies for firms operating in emergency situations like pandemics, conflicts, and other unforeseen circumstances. The scenario is mathematically formulated with the objective of minimizing both total cost and overall emissions by optimizing decision variables such as production lot size, backorder, setup cost, and green investment. A numerical example is stated to validate the mathematical formulation, and the discussion of parameter effects on optimal solutions, along with managerial insights, is conducted through sensitivity analysis.
Measurement of the Dielectric Properties of Tropical Wood Species for Application to Millimetre‐Band Antennas
Authors: Eric Ndanga Adamou , Samuel Eke , Jacques Matanga , Serge Doka Yamigno , Vuong Tan Phu
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is to determine the dielectric characteristics of wood species from Central African forests at microwave frequency for use as patch antenna substrate. The measurements were carried out on dried wood at frequencies of 930 MHz and 2.48 GHz. The suitability of the wood as a printed microwave antenna substrate will be determined by the values taken by the complex parameters “permittivity” ε′, loss tangent “tanδ,” and “permeability” μ = 1. The measurement method chosen in this work is the method of small disturbances in a cylindrical cavity operating in the TM010 mode. The values obtained for each species confirm the anisotropic nature of the wood. These measurements will also confirm that losses, which are the main criterion for selecting wood as substrate, increase with the wood species category and its density. The design and simulation results at 28 GHz of a travelling wave antenna on a wood substrate show that antennas can radiate with these materials in the millimetre band.
Genome-Wide Analysis to Assess if Heavy Alcohol Consumption Modifies the Association between SNPs and Pancreatic Cancer Risk
Authors: Ni Zhanmo , Kundu Prosenjit , McKean David F. , Wheeler William , Albanes Demetrius , Andreotti Gabriella , Antwi Samuel O. , Arslan Alan A. , Bamlet William R. , Beane-Freeman Laura E. , Berndt Sonja I. , Bracci Paige M. , Brennan Paul , Buring Julie E. , Chanock Stephen J. , Gallinger Steven , Gaziano J.M. , Giles Graham G. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Goggins Michael G. , Goodman Phyllis J. , Haiman Christopher A. , Hassan Manal M. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Hung Rayjean J. , Katzke Verena , Kooperberg Charles , Kraft Peter , LeMarchand Loic , Li Donghui , McCullough Marjorie L. , Milne Roger L. , Moore Steven C. , Neale Rachel E. , Oberg Ann L. , Patel Alpa V. , Peters Ulrike , Rabe Kari G. , Risch Harvey A. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Smith-Byrne Karl , Visvanathan Kala , Wactawski-Wende Jean , White Emily , Wolpin Brian M. , Yu Herbert , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Zheng Wei , Zhong Jun , Amundadottir Laufey T. , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Klein Alison P.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include common genetic variants and potentially heavy alcohol consumption. We assessed if genetic variants modify the association between heavy alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk.

Methods:

We conducted a genome-wide interaction analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by heavy alcohol consumption (more than three drinks per day) for pancreatic cancer in European ancestry populations from genome-wide association studies. Our analysis included 3,707 cases and 4,167 controls from case–control studies and 1,098 cases and 1,162 controls from cohort studies. Fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted.

Results:

A potential novel region of association on 10p11.22, lead SNP rs7898449 (interaction P value (Pinteraction) = 5.1 × 10−8 in the meta-analysis; Pinteraction = 2.1 × 10−9 in the case–control studies; Pinteraction = 0.91 in the cohort studies), was identified. An SNP correlated with this lead SNP is an expression quantitative trait locus for the neuropilin 1 gene. Of the 17 genomic regions with genome-wide significant evidence of association with pancreatic cancer in prior studies, we observed suggestive evidence that heavy alcohol consumption modified the association for one SNP near LINC00673, rs11655237 on 17q25.1 (Pinteraction = 0.004).

Conclusions:

We identified a novel genomic region that may be associated with pancreatic cancer risk in conjunction with heavy alcohol consumption located near an expression quantitative trait locus for neuropilin 1, a protein that plays an important role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.

Impact:

This work can provide insights into the etiology of pancreatic cancer, particularly in heavy drinkers.
Supplementary Table S1 from Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V.
Published: June 2024

Catalogue of publishes alterations in major genes involved in DNA damage repair
Supplementary Figure S2 from Nucleolar Localization of the RNA Helicase DDX21 Predicts Survival Outcomes in Gynecologic Cancers
Authors: Aljardali Marwa W. , Kremer Kevin M. , Parker Jessica E. , Fleming Elaine , Chen Hao , Lea Jayanthi S. , Kraus W. Lee , Camacho Cristel V.
Published: June 2024

PARP1 inhibition prevents ribosome biogenesis by inhibiting rRNA subunit production
Good Outcome In Open Globe Injury With Intraocular Foreign Body
Authors: Rahayu Widhyasti  , Widyanatha Made Indra , S. Kartasasmita Arief , Iskandar Erwin , Virgana Rova , Ihsan Grimaldi
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) represents the second most common cause of open globe injury (OGI) and critical ophthalmic emergency that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness. It can cause direct damage via entry into the eye and causing future damage. The immediate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery in post-traumatic endophthalmitis is beneficial for optimizing visual prognosis.
Case report: A 55-year-old male patient came to the Emergency Room tertiary referral hospital with chief complaints of blurry vision, pain, and red-eye in his right eye 3 days before admission. The patient’s right eye was hit by a fragment of the sickle knife while mowing the grass in the yard without protective eyeglasses. Painful on his right eye is getting worse accompanied by lacrimation. The patient went to Tertiary Eye Hospital because of his complaints getting worse. The patient was diagnosed with Open Globe Injury Type C grade D pupil B zone 1, suspect early endophthalmitis, traumatic cataract of the right eye, and hypertension. Pars plana vitrectomy, vitreous tap, antibiotic intravitreal injection (with Ceftazidime and Vancomycin), IOFB extraction, explore, corneal scraping on the wound, cultural resistance, primary hecting of the cornea were done. The visual acuity improves and the infection was resolved.
Conclusion : One of the most common traumas in ophthalmology is IOFB and it is considered an emergency condition. Proper ophthalmology examination and appropriate ancillary testing should be done to reveal this condition. Good management will give a good result of the patient’s visual prognosis.
East Pacific ENSO Offers Early Predictive Signals for Harvest Yields
Authors: LaPlante Matthew D. , Dalanhese Luthiene Alves , Deng Liping , Wang Shih-Yu Simon
Published: June 2024

Annual wheat yields have steadily risen over the past century, but harvests remain highly variable and dependent on myriad weather conditions during a long growing season. In Kansas, for example, the 2014 crop year brought the lowest average yield in decades at 28 bushels per acre, while in 2016 farmers in the Wheat State, as Kansas is often called, enjoyed a historic high of 57 bushels per acre. It is broadly known that remote forces like El Niño–Southern Oscillation contribute to meteorological outcomes across North America, including in the wheat-growing regions of the U.S. Midwest, but the differential imprints of ENSO phases and flavors have not been well explored as leading indicators for harvest outcomes in highly specific agricultural regions, such as the more than 7 million acres upon which wheat is grown in Kansas. Here, we demonstrate a strong, steady, and long-term association between a simple “wheat yield index” and sea surface temperature anomalies, more than a year earlier, in the East Pacific, potentially offering insights into forthcoming harvest yields several seasons before planting commences.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Cephalosporins and Non-cephalosporins in Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Colorectal Surgery Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Zhenxi , Chen Xuebai
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aims to compare the efficacy of cephalosporin and non-cephalosporin antibiotics in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, providing a scientific basis for the selection of perioperative antibiotics through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, this research employed an extensive literature search strategy across multiple databases to identify relevant studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Inclusion criteria were studies on adults undergoing colorectal surgery who received preoperative prophylaxis with either cephalosporin or non-cephalosporin antibiotics. Exclusion criteria included preoperative diagnosis of infectious diseases and preoperative use of antimicrobial agents. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software to assess the effectiveness of both antibiotic classes in preventing SSIs, including subgroup analyses.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 872 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of SSI in the cephalosporin group was lower than in the non-cephalosporin group (14.8% vs 25.1%), with statistical significance (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.38-2.74, PP = =0.0001). However, no significant difference in SSI risk was observed between the groups within 30 days (OR = =1.92, 95% CI: 1.08-3.42). Subgroup analysis indicated that higher-quality studies were associated with larger effect sizes.

Conclusion

This study suggests that cephalosporin antibiotics may be superior to non-cephalosporins in preventing SSIs following colorectal surgery, especially in the short term. However, their long-term efficacy in SSI prevention may be similar. The selection of perioperative antibiotics should consider factors such as the antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetic properties, and bacterial resistance.
Balancing Depth and Breadth to Understand Macro Phenomena: Some Advice for Analyzing Global Qualitative Datasets
Authors: Bednarek Rebecca
Published: June 2024

For qualitative scholars, achieving interpretive depth when analyzing large global datasets represents a particular challenge. It is, however, a challenge worth navigating given the power of such datasets to provide a depth of insight into large-scale societal issues. Building on existing insights about qualitative analysis and examples from my own experience of large global research projects, here I seek to offer some advice in this regard. I provide three general heuristics that scholars can keep in mind as characterizing this endeavor: the hermeneutic circle, distributed cognition; and embracing doubt. I then show how these heuristics unfold practically, illustrating a four-step process that I hope is helpful for qualitative researchers seeking to balance depth and breadth to understand macro phenomena.
Metamaterial force-chain behavior of re-entrant honeycomb with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Huang Yao , Wu Jiu Hui , Lei Yunzhong
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the metamaterial force-chain concept is proposed, for the first time to our knowledge, to describe the stress distribution and crushing property of honeycomb materials under quasi-static compression. A novel force-chain-enhanced re-entrant honeycomb (FCERH) behavior is put forward through experiments and simulations, which forms a rhombic force chain when compressed, which is different from traditional re-entrant honeycomb (REH). It compares in detail the effects of changing the force chain on the properties of honeycomb materials, including plateau stress, Poisson’s ratio, and the absorptions of energy. The results show that the FCERH has a better energy absorption capacity, and the energy absorption is increased by 91% when the strain is 0.65. Additionally, the influence of structural parameters on the enhanced force chain behavior is also discussed. The impact and blast responses of the materials are compared to verify their excellent dynamic performance. This design method has opened a new idea for the fabrication of high-performance honeycomb metamaterials.
Music Participation Among Public School Students in Metropolitan China: An Examination of Personal, Parental, and School Factors
Authors: Luo Ning , Guan Tao
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of personal, parental, and school-related musical factors on music participation among public elementary and secondary school students in an economically advantaged urban area in China. A total of 12,155 students from sixth, eighth, and 11th grades reported their demographic information, musical interest, attitude, self-concept, perceived parental support, and perceived school music environment. The results indicated that (a) the female students and those with higher socioeconomic status had higher levels of musical interest, more positive attitudes, a stronger musical self-concept, greater perceived parental support, and better perceived school music environments; (b) there was a gap between National Curriculum Standards and actual music education delivery at the elementary level; (c) students’ demographic and personal factors were more influential than parental and school factors in predicting music participation; (d) there was a significant association between socioeconomic status and engagement in out-of-school music activities; and (e) parental support and the perceived school music environment moderated the relationships between personal factors and music participation. By illuminating the complex dynamics that affect music participation in a metropolitan Chinese context, we hope to enhance global understanding and foster cross-cultural discourse on music education.
Mutual Influences in Economic Agendas: Assessing Dynamics and Conditionality in Longitudinal Relationships Between Media, Politics, and Public
Authors: Tabor Courtney D. , Jonkman Jeroen , Boukes Mark
Published: June 2024

This study examined agenda-setting relationships across the media, politics, and the public, while accounting for contextual boundaries from 1978 to 2018 in the United States. Our findings indicate that (1) for the overall model, the media and the public influence the prominence of economic concerns on the political agenda, but the political agenda has no agenda-setting power; (2) under a Republican president, the prominence of economic topics in the media and political agendas influence each other, the media and the public agendas influence each other, and the public influences the political agenda; and (3) under a Democrat president, attention paid toward economic topics in the media and political agendas influence each other, as do the political and public agendas. Of particular note for agenda-setting theorists is our finding that the media significantly sets the agenda for the public under a Republican presidential condition and not under other conditions. Additionally, these relationships differ longitudinally; for example, the media responds to economic changes quicker and for more prolonged periods under a Republican than a Democrat. This study advances the agenda-setting theory by presenting novel findings about agenda-setters in action and by demonstrating the unique complexities of modeling longitudinal nonlinear relationships.
Hypersensitive, Anxious, and Creative? Representations of Gifted Children in French Children’s Literature
Authors: Peter Laurine , Lemoine Lise , Besançon Maud
Published: June 2024

In France, many social representations refer to gifted children who describe them as hypersensitive, curious, and creative. Although sometimes inaccurate, these representations can be conveyed in media intended for children and contribute to an erroneous transmission of characteristics of children with particularities. The objective of this study was to identify the social representations of gifted characters in French children’s literature. For this, we used a coding grid to analyze a corpus of 23 French books. The grid was designed based in the emotional and creative characteristics and their associated behaviors. Results showed that the representations of the gifted characters in the books studied were stereotypical, particularly in terms of their emotional characteristics. Applications and perspectives for future studies are discussed.
Femoro-axillary versus femoro-femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock: A monocentric retrospective study
Authors: Vale Julien Do , Kantor Elie , Papin Grégory , Sonneville Romain , Braham Wael , Para Marylou , Montravers Philippe , Longrois Dan , Provenchère Sophie
Published: June 2024

Rationale

For veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), the femoral artery is the preferred cannulation site (femoro-femoral: Vf-Af). This results in retrograde aortic flow, which increases the left ventricular afterload and can lead to severe pulmonary edema and thrombosis of the cardiac chambers. Right axillary artery cannulation (femoral-axillary: Vf-Aa) provides partial anterograde aortic flow, which may prevent some complications. This study aimed to compare the 90-day mortality and complication rates between VF-AA and VF-AF.

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with cardiogenic shock who received peripheral VA-ECMO between 2013 and 2019 at our institution were retrospectively included. The exclusion criteria were refractory cardiac arrest, multiple VA-ECMO implantations due to vascular access changes, weaning failure, or ICU readmission. A statistical approach using inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate the effect of the cannulation site on the outcomes. The primary endpoint was the 90-day mortality. The secondary endpoints were vascular access complications, stroke, and other complications related to retrograde blood flow. Outcomes were estimated using logistic regression analysis.

Results

VA-ECMO was performed on 534 patients. Patients with refractory cardiac arrest ( n = 77 (14%)) and those supported by multiple VA-ECMO ( n = 92, (17%)) were excluded. Out of the 333 patients studied ( n = 209 Vf-Aa; n = 124 VF-AF), the main indications for VA-ECMO implantation were post-cardiotomy (33%, n = 109), dilated cardiomyopathy (20%, n = 66), post-cardiac transplantation (15%, n = 50), acute myocardial infarction (14%, n = 46) and other etiologies (18%, n = 62). The median SOFA score was 9 [7-11], and the crude 90-day mortality rate was 53% ( n = 175). After IPTW, the 90-day mortality was similar in the Vf-Aa and VF-AF groups (54% vs 58%, IPTW-OR = 0.84 [0.54-1.29]). Axillary artery cannulation was associated with significantly fewer local infections (OR = 0.21, 95% CI:0.09-0.51), limb ischemia (OR = 0.37, 95% CI:0.17-0.84), bowel ischemia (OR = 0.16, 95% CI:0.05-0.51) and pulmonary edema (OR = 0.52, 95% CI:0.29-0.92) episodes, but with a higher rate of stroke (OR = 2.87, 95% CI:1.08-7.62) than femoral artery cannulation.

Conclusion

Compared to VF-AF, axillary cannulation was associated with similar 90-day mortality rates. The high rate of stroke associated with axillary artery cannulation requires further investigation.
Fear and phoning: Telephones, fraud, and older adults in the UK
Authors: Button Mark , Shepherd David , Hawkins Chloe , Tapley Jacki
Published: June 2024

This study explores the experiences of attempted frauds and victimisation which use largely telephone-based means of communication on predominantly over 75s in the United Kingdom. Using a postal survey targeted at the clients of a charity working mostly with this age group, two surveys were conducted during the 18-month life of the project, securing almost 2,000 responses, which sought to explore their experience of fraud as part of a wider evaluation of a fraud prevention initiative. The surveys were supported by 18 interviews with clients and 7 interviews with the charity co-ordinator and volunteers. The research found higher rates of victimisation than the norm for this group, combined with a large number of attempted frauds predominantly via the telephone, with 20% of respondents experiencing at least weekly attempts. The research highlights the first significant evidence of the fears, concerns, and anxieties among a minority of this group of frauds/scams and their impact on their daily lives. The paper also offers insights into telephone fraud and a typology of this crime.
A Consumer Vulnerability Perspective on State-Sponsored Propaganda
Authors: Enriques Shawn , Peterson Mark
Published: June 2024

As technology and interconnectivity increase globally, the opportunity to wage irregular warfare (competition) has become low-cost-low-risk, simple to wage, challenging to detect, and more difficult to deter and defend. Propaganda is the most common method of covert or overt influence operations used by state actors today and often employs the same technologies, channels, and market communication techniques that firms use in more benign pursuits. We propose a framework based on Consumer Vulnerability Theory to explain the effects of state-sponsored propaganda on citizens’ propensity to become vulnerable consumers by manipulating beliefs about the availability and control of government-provided resources. Vulnerability leads citizens to employ coping strategies that help achieve the propagandist’s goals. This perspective may inform policy and public education campaigns to deter and attenuate the harmful effects of state-sponsored propaganda on citizens. Research on moderators and mediators that reduce influence now become more salient.
Macromarketing Perspectives from Latin America
Authors: Shultz Clifford , Pels Jaqueline , Barrios Fajardo Andrés , Rodriguez Carlos
Published: June 2024

The Special-Issue Editors introduce the Strategic Management Conference in Latin America (SMLA) and three exemplary articles that emerged from it. The articles feature research on important Macromarketing topics, including sound and sustainable housing policies, farmers’ adaptation to climate change, and crisis management and adaptation. Macromarketing has a rich, if perhaps under-reported, tradition of research on the interactions among markets, marketing and society in Latin America. This special issue is intended to provide a forum for such research and to inspire further participation in the Macromarketing discourse among Latin American scholars.
Evaluating the Structure of the Aesthetic Responsiveness Assessment (AReA) with Bootstrap Exploratory Graph Analysis
Authors: Silvia Paul J. , Rodriguez-Boerwinkle Rebekah M. , Awa Kim N. , Zabelina Darya L. , Christensen Alexander P.
Published: June 2024

The Aesthetic Responsiveness Assessment (AReA) is a self-report scale for measuring individual differences in the strength of responses to art objects and events. Its 14 items sort into three subscales: aesthetic appreciation (AA), intense aesthetic experience (IAE), and creative behaviour. The present research evaluated the dimensionality of the AReA using tools from network psychometrics, particularly bootstrap exploratory graph analysis. Using a sample of English-speaking adults ( n  =  1071), the network analyses closely replicated the number and item composition of the AReA subscales, but one of the items—a cross-loaded item proposed to be in both the AA and IAE subscales—was not replicated. Using the bootstrap sampling distributions, we suggest item assignments that avoid awkward dual-loadings and provide a simpler dimensional structure. Taken together, the results reveal clear strengths of the AReA and illustrate how emerging network tools can illuminate and guide psychometric decisions.
Predictors of Clinical Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy: 10-Year Follow-up Analysis of 1038 Patients
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Prabhavalkar Omkar N. , Padmanabhan Saiswarnesh , Carbone Andrew D.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Although hip arthroscopy has been shown to have beneficial outcomes, there is a paucity of literature examining predictive factors of 10-year clinical outcomes.

Purpose:

(1) To identify predictive factors of 10-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy and (2) to compare these factors with those found in 2-year and 5-year studies.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed on all patients undergoing hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and June 2012. Patients were included if they had a minimum 10-year follow-up on 2 patient-reported outcome measures: Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) and modified Harris Hip Score. Exclusion criteria included previous ipsilateral hip conditions. Using bivariate and multivariate analyses, that authors analyzed the effects of 37 pre- and intraoperative variables on the NAHS, modified Harris Hip Score, and conversion to total hip arthroplasty.

Results:

Of the 883 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 734 (83.1%) had follow-up data. The mean follow-up time was 124.4 months (range, 120.0-153.1 months). Six variables were significant predictors of NAHS in both multivariate and bivariate analyses: revision status, body mass index (BMI), duration of symptoms, preoperative NAHS, age at onset of symptoms, and need for acetabular microfracture. Positive predictors of 10-year survivorship included acute injury and gluteus medius repair, while negative predictors included revision arthroscopy, Tönnis grade, acetabular inclination, iliopsoas fractional lengthening, and notchplasty

Conclusion:

Multiple predictive factors including age, BMI, revision status, and preoperative outcome scores were identified for long-term survivorship and functional outcomes. These may prove useful to clinicians in refining indications and guiding patients on expected outcomes of hip arthroscopy.
Corilagin relieves atherosclerosis via the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang Yujie , Li Yiqing , Chen Yunfei , Mao Jinqian , Ji Jingyu , Zhang Shaojun , Liu Pan , Pronyuk Khrystyna , Fisher David , Dang Yiping , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Corilagin possesses a diverse range of pharmacologic bioactivities. However, the specific protective effects and mechanisms of action of corilagin in the context of atherosclerosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of corilagin on the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling pathway in a mouse vascular smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS) stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Additionally, we examined the effects of corilagin in Sprague–Dawley rats experiencing atherosclerosis.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of corilagin was assessed using the CCK8 assay. MOVAS cells, pre-incubated with ox-LDL, underwent treatment with varying concentrations of corilagin. TLR4 expression was modulated by either downregulation through small interfering (si)RNA or upregulation via lentivirus transfection. Molecular expression within the TLR4 signaling pathway was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The proliferation capacity of MOVAS cells was determined through cell counting. In a rat model, atherosclerosis was induced in femoral arteries using an improved guidewire injury method, and TLR4 expression in plaque areas was assessed using immunofluorescence. Pathological changes were examined through hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as Oil-Red-O staining.

Results

Corilagin demonstrated inhibitory effects on the TLR4 signaling pathway in MOVAS cells pre-stimulated with ox-LDL, consequently impeding the proliferative impact of ox-LDL. The modulation of TLR4 expression, either through downregulation or upregulation, similarly influenced the expression of downstream molecules. In an in vivo context, corilagin exhibited the ability to suppress TLR4 and MyD88 expression in the plaque lesion areas of rat femoral arteries, thereby alleviating the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Conclusion

Corilagin can inhibit the TLR4 signaling pathway in VSMCs, possibly by downregulating TLR4 expression and, consequently, relieving atherosclerosis.
A Personalized Music Intervention in Nursing Home Residents Living With Dementia: Findings From a Randomized Study
Authors: Inoue Megumi , Ihara Emily S. , Layman Shannon , Li Meng-Hao , Nosrat Sarah , Mehak Samreen , Barrett Kendall , Magee Catherine , McNally Kimberly A. , Moore Morgan , Tompkins Catherine J.
Published: June 2024

Utilizing a randomized control design, this mixed method study aimed to assess the impact of a personalized music intervention on mood, agitation level, and psychotropic drug use in individuals with moderate to advanced dementia residing in long-term care facilities. The sample comprised of 261 participants, with 148 in the intervention group and 113 in the control group. Data were collected from three sources: quantitative data from the Minimum Data Set and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, observational data of music-listening sessions, and an administrator survey regarding the lead staff person’s perceptions of the intervention. Findings, based on Mixed Effect Models and content analyses, revealed positive impacts of the personalized music intervention on residents living with dementia. This low-cost, easily implementable intervention, requiring no special licensure for administration, can significantly enhance the quality of life for nursing facility residents.
Choosing to Stay: Building a Future for Gender-Diverse People in Saskatchewan through Stories of Hope and Belonging
Authors: Walker Rachel Loewen , Bergen Jake , Fayant-Mcleod Tiberius , Marshall Kerry ,   All My Relations
Published: June 2024

This paper draws on the first comprehensive study of Two Spirit, trans, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming (2STNBGN) people in Saskatchewan. Despite challenges, including rising conservatism and targeted political attacks, we temper assumptions that trans and queer people want to leave Saskatchewan for other locations where the 2STNBGN community is assumed to be bigger. Many of our participants described choosing to stay in the province as an intentional way to build community, advocate for support, and cultivate belonging. We further explore a distinctly prairie politic that includes Two Spirit and Indigiqueer projects of belonging to land and community, cross-provincial trans community organizing, and a complicated geography that supersedes binaries between urban and rural. Our research tells us that gender-diverse people on the prairies are enacted through a “grounded relationality,” a context-dependent, binary-resistant expression through place, whether that place is land, city, country, or small-town paint store. Ultimately, our research shows that despite an increasingly chilly political climate toward 2STNBGN people, Saskatchewan still bears witness to trans joy, innovative activism, and an activated trans community that is invested in a future that they are a part of.
Analysis of the 2-Bag Method for the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Retrospective before and after Study
Authors: Nahle Julia , Langford Sarah , Albright Jeremy , Sudekum David M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of a two-bag method compared with a one-bag method for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We hypothesize that a two-bag method will decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia, when compared with a one-bag method. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients treated for DKA at a Trinity Health institution between 2020 and 2022. A total of 1084 adult patients were included. Patients treated with the one-bag protocol were included in the pre-group, while those treated with the two-bag protocol were included in the post-group. The primary outcome was incidence of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <70 mg/dL). Secondary outcomes included time to anion gap closure, insulin infusion duration, time to HCO3 correction, and incidence of hypokalemia. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant or diagnosed with Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), euglycemic DKA, or ketosis from other causes. Results: The incidence of hypoglycemia was 38% in the pre-group and 15.83% in the post-group ( P < .001). Patients in the pre-group were on an insulin infusion longer than the post-group (28.37 hours vs 22.17 hours, P < .001). Patients in the pre-group had a slower time to anion gap closure (8.99 hours vs 8.52 hours, P = .021) and had a slower time to HCO3 correction (10.88 hours vs 10.69 hours, P = .004). Between-group incidence of hypokalemia was similar (66.39% vs 60%, P = .079). Conclusions: The two-bag method for the treatment of DKA resulted in improved safety and efficacy outcomes, compared with the one-bag method.
Emerging sustainable techniques in metal cutting to reduce the application of metalworking fluids: A review
Authors: Roushan Aniket , Biswas Sampad , Chetan
Published: June 2024

For the past century, conventional cutting fluids (CCFs) have been used extensively to machine various engineering materials. CCFs are also known as metalworking fluids (MWFs). These MWFs are considered the perfect environment for the growth of various micro-organisms. For sustainable manufacturing, it is important to adopt strategies that can reduce, replace, or remove the MWFs from the machining domain. This paper discusses the emerging sustainable techniques which are being successfully employed in the machining domain to reduce the application of MWFs. Most of these strategies have the potential to greatly improve machining tribology when implemented in production processes like turning, milling, and drilling.
The European Arrest Warrant and the protection of the best interests of the child: The Court's last word on the limits of mutual recognition and the evolving obligations of national judicial authorities in Case C-261/22 GN
Authors: Montaldo Stefano
Published: June 2024

The annotation analyses the recent CJEU preliminary ruling in the GN case, the latest chapter of the EAW effectiveness vs fundamental rights protection saga. The Court confirms that, in principle, considerations related to the best interests of the child can justify denial of execution of an EAW. However, this limitation can be triggered solely through the demanding Aranyosi and Căldăraru test. By taking this stance, the Court refuses to add a new category of exceptions to mutual recognition. In addition, based on its ever-refined case law, the Court fine-grains the obligations incumbent upon the national judicial authorities with respect to the conduct of direct exchanges of information and seems to advocate for a new obligation for the issuing judicial authority to refrain from using the EAW system when the circumstances of a case make refusal of surrender a highly likely option.
Exploring Fantasy Football Involvement and Mental Health through Player Experience, Engagement Levels, Social Comparisons, and Financial Incentives
Authors: Wilkins Luke , Churchyard Jamie , Dowsett Ross , Britton Gary
Published: June 2024

Background

Fantasy sports are a rapidly growing complement to the sports industry and recent research has explored the mental health experiences of those who play the game.

Aim

This study aimed to test the findings from two such studies ( Wilkins et al., 2021 ; Wilkins et al., 2023 ).

Methods

Questionnaire data measuring depression, anxiety, stress, positive mood, negative mood, problematic behaviour, and functional impairment from 635 fantasy football players were analysed using one-way ANOVAs.

Results

Amongst the significant results were the findings that: i) more experienced players reported less anxiety than less experienced players, and ii) players who engaged more with the game, made more social comparisons, and had greater financial involvement generally reported more mental health concerns and more positive mood than other players.

Conclusion

Engagement levels play an important role in determining the wellbeing experience of fantasy football participants. These findings also lend support to the ‘Framework of Hypothesised Factors Leading to Predominantly Positive or Negative Experiences in FF’ and should be used by stakeholders within the fantasy sports industry to optimise the game-playing experience of participants.
Serious Illness Communication Tool for Palliative Care Fellows: Development, Implementation, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Bell Shannon Rose , Karlin Daniel M. , Phung Peter G. , Pietras Christopher J. , Stepanyan Katelyn Dow
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Learning expert communication skills is a core educational goal within palliative care training, yet there are few communication-based educational tools specifically designed for specialty-trained palliative care providers. Objective: To develop and implement a tool to facilitate effective learning of serious illness communication for hospice and palliative medicine fellows. Methods: A novel formative assessment tool was developed within the UCLA Palliative Care Fellowship program, and utilized throughout the academic year on a weekly basis. Focus groups were held for fellows and faculty separately at the end of the academic year in order to gain insight into the experience and effectiveness of the tool. Focus group transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: There was a 47% participation rate in the focus groups (n = 7). Qualitative analysis demonstrated positive impact of the tool in identifying learning goals, improving quality of feedback, and in standardizing language around advanced communication skills, with most value in the first half of the fellowship year. Some aspects of the tool were found to increase feedback anxiety, including the competency scoring component, frequency of use, and utilization with individual patient encounters. Conclusion: This novel communication tool provides an important addition to serious illness communication training of specialist palliative care providers, in creating a shared mental model for naming and organizing skills, as well as generating specific high quality learning goals and feedback. Preliminary feedback from our pilot implementation phase provided important information about how to refine the tool and remove components that unnecessarily added to feedback anxiety.