bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of dual‐source computed tomography in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and evaluation of biological behaviors
Authors: Wu Wenhui , Fang Xuewen , Li Jianming , Zhang An , Zou Yujian , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: December 2022

Objective

Thyroid cancer (TC) is an extremely prevailing malignant endocrine tumor. Therefore, effective diagnostic tools are necessary. This study explored the application value of dual‐source computed tomography (DSCT) in TC diagnosis and biological behavior assessment.

Methods

This study retrospectively selected 68 TC patients and another 74 benign patients with thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter, or adenomatous hyperplasia. All patients were confirmed by pathological examination and underwent DSCT examination. The iodine concentration (IC) obtained from plain computed tomography (CT) scanning and normalized iodine concentration (NIC) in the arterial phase and venous phase were recorded. The positive expression rates of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptors beta (ERβ), and Ki67 in pathological tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with IC in plain CT was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis, respectively. The diagnostic values of IC in plain CT and venous phase NIC in TC patients were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Malignant patients had lower IC in plain DSCT scanning, venous phase NIC, and ERβ, and higher ERα and Ki67 than benign patients. IC level in plain DSCT scanning was inversely‐correlated with ERα and Ki‐67 positive expression rates, but positively‐related to ERβ to different degrees. For the diagnosis of TC patients, the AUC of IC level in plain DSCT was 0.771, with a cut‐off value of 1.250 (97.06% sensitivity and 41.89% specificity), and the AUC of venous phase NIC was 0.738, with a cut‐off value of 0.825 (100% sensitivity and 43.24% specificity).

Conclusion

The IC level obtained from DSCT scanning could assist in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules and evaluation of biological behaviors.
Matching, behavioral economics, and teleological behaviorism: Final cause analysis of substance use and health behavior
Authors: Vuchinich Rudy E. , Tucker Jalie A. , Acuff Samuel F. , Reed Derek D. , Buscemi Joanna , Murphy James G.
Published: December 2022

Howard Rachlin and his contemporaries pioneered basic behavioral science innovations that have been usefully applied to advance understanding of human substance use disorder and related health behaviors. We briefly summarize the innovations of molar behaviorism (the matching law), behavioral economics, and teleological behaviorism. Behavioral economics and teleological behaviorism's focus on final causes are especially illuminating for these applied fields. Translational and applied research are summarized for laboratory studies of temporal discounting and economic demand, cohort studies of alcohol and other drug use in the natural environment, and experimental behavioral economic modeling of health behavior‐related public health policies. We argue that the teleological behavioral perspective on health behavior is conducive to and merges seamlessly with the contemporary socioecological model of health behavior, which broadens the contextual influences (e.g., community, economic, infrastructure, health care access and policy) of individuals’ substance use and other health risk behaviors. Basic‐to‐applied translations to date have been successful and bode well for continued applications of basic science areas pioneered by Howard Rachlin and his contemporaries.
Bile proteome analysis by high‐precision mass spectrometry to examine novel biomarkers of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Kan Motoyasu , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Konno Ryo , Kouchi Yusuke , Mishima Takashi , Kawashima Yusuke , Kishimoto Takashi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Ohara Osamu , Kato Naoya
Published: December 2022

Background

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts. The present study examined the utility of a bile proteome analysis using a high‐sensitivity mass spectrometer to comprehensively screen for novel PSC biomarkers.

Methods

Bile endoscopically collected from patients with PSC, common bile duct stones, and biliary tract cancer were subjected to high‐precision liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Some of the proteins specifically up‐regulated in the bile of the PSC group were re‐examined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

A total of 8094 proteins were successfully identified and 332 were specifically up‐regulated in the PSC group. The bioinformatics analysis showed that proteins involved in the proliferation and activation of diverse inflammatory cells were up‐regulated in the PSC group. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed good area under the curve values for interleukin‐8 and annexin A1 (ANXA1) (0.836 and 0.914, respectively). Immunostaining for ANXA1 revealed its strong expression in inflammatory cells infiltrating the peripheral biliary tract in PSC livers.

Conclusion

A bile proteome analysis is a useful tool for elucidating the pathogenesis of PSC and developing new diagnostic approaches. Therefore, ANXA1 has potential as a bile biomarker for PSC.
Synthesis and radiolabeling of a polar [125I]I‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Authors: Bidesi Natasha , Shalgunov Vladimir , Battisti Umberto Maria , Hvass Lars , Jørgensen Jesper Tranekjær , Poulie Christian B. M. , Jensen Andreas I. , Kjaer Andreas , Herth Matthias M.
Published: December 2022

Pretargeting imaging has gained a lot of prominence, due to its excellent bioorthogonality and improved imaging contrast compared to conventional imaging. A new iodo tetrazine (Tz) derivative has been synthesized and further developed into the corresponding iodine‐125 (125I) analog (12), via the trimethylstannane precursor. Radiolabeling with either N‐chlorosuccinimide or chloramine‐T, in either MeCN or MeOH proceeded with a radiochemical conversion (RCC) of >80%. Subsequent deprotection only proved successful, among the tested conditions, when the radiolabeled Tz was stirred in 6‐M HCl(aq.) at 60°C for 2.5 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first H‐tetrazine labeled with iodine. In vivo investigations on the pretargeting ability of 12 are currently under way.
Emergence of a unique SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta sub‐cluster harboring a constellation of co‐appearing non‐Spike mutations
Authors: Banerjee Anindita , Mazumder Anup , Roy Jayita , Das Jagyashila , Majumdar Agniva , Chatterjee Ananya , Biswas Nidhan K. , Chawla Sarkar Mamta , Das Saumitra , Dutta Shanta , Maitra Arindam
Published: December 2022

Accumulation of diverse mutations across the structural and nonstructural genes is leading to rapid evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, altering its pathogenicity. We performed whole genome sequencing of 239 SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA samples collected from both adult and pediatric patients across eastern India (West Bengal), during the second pandemic wave in India (April–May 2021). In addition to several common spike mutations within the Delta variant, a unique constellation of eight co‐appearing non‐Spike mutations was identified, which revealed a high degree of positive mutual correlation. Our results also demonstrated the dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants among unvaccinated pediatric patients. 41.4% of our studied Delta strains harbored this signature set of eight co‐appearing non‐Spike mutations and phylogenetically out‐clustered other Delta sub‐lineages like 21J, 21A, or 21I. This is the first report from eastern India that portrayed a landscape of co‐appearing mutations in the non‐Spike proteins, which might have led to the evolution of a distinct Delta subcluster. Accumulation of such mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 may lead to the emergence of “vaccine‐evading variants.” Hence, monitoring of such non‐Spike mutations will be significant in the formulation of any future vaccines against those SARS‐CoV‐2 variants that might evade the current vaccine‐induced immunity, among both the pediatric and adult populations.
Impact of high‐risk Human Papillomavirus genotyping in cervical disease in the Northern region of Portugal: Real‐world data from regional cervical cancer screening program
Authors: Rosário Andreia , Sousa Ana , Marinho‐Dias Joana , Medeiros Rui , Lobo Cláudia , Leça Luís , Coimbra Nuno , Tavares Fernando , Baldaque Inês , Martins Gabriela , Monteiro Paula , Henrique Rui , Sousa Hugo
Published: December 2022

Cervical cancer prevention is based on primary prevention with vaccines against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and secondary prevention by screening with High‐Risk‐HPV (Hr‐HPV) detection. Since 2017, cervical cancer screening in women aged 25−60 years has been performed in Portugal using Hr‐HPV detection, followed by cytology in Hr‐HPV‐positive cases. Herein we report the prevalence of Hr‐HPV genotypes and cytological abnormalities among 462 401 women (mean age: 43.73 ± 10.79; median age: 45; range: 24−66 years) that participated in the Regional Cervical Cancer Screening Program of the Northern Region of Portugal, performed between August 2016 and December 2021. Overall, we describe a prevalence rate of 12.50% for Hr‐HPV varying from 20.76% at age 25% to 8.32% at age 64. The five most common Hr‐HPV genotypes identified were HPV‐68 (16.09%), HPV‐31 (15.30%), HPV‐51 (12.96%), HPV‐16 (11.06%), and HPV‐39 (11.01%). The prevalence of Hr‐HPV included in the nonavalent vaccine (HPV‐9valent) was 55.00% ranging from 47.78% to 59.18% across different age groups. Considering positive Hr‐HPV cases, 65.68% had a Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM) cytology, 20.83% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US), 8.85% Low‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL), 1.65% High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL), 2.85% ASC‐H, 0.09% Atypical Glandular Cells, 0.02% Adenocarcinomas, and 0.02% Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Our analysis revealed that HPV‐9val genotypes were responsible for 52.13% NILM, 59.21% ASC‐US, 55.06% LSIL, 90.14% HSIL, 83.50% ASC‐H, and 100.00% SCC. Furthermore, multiple Hr‐HPV infections (risk ratio [RR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34−1.58), HPV‐16/18 (RR = 5.16; 95% CI 4.75−5.93), or HPV‐9val genotypes (RR = 5.23; 95% CI 4.68−5.85) were associated with a significant risk of developing >  HSIL (p < 0.001). To date, this is the largest study on Hr‐HPV genotyping in cervical cancer screening that includes data from a complete cycle of the screening program. Our findings suggest a high prevalence of HPV‐9valent genotypes and a significant association with an increased risk of developing > HSIL. This constitutes important data for health authorities, which may help define the future of vaccination and cervical cancer screening strategies.
Gold nanoparticle conjugate‐based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection of RBD antigen of SARS‐CoV‐2 in clinical samples using a smartphone‐based application
Authors: Prakashan Drishya , Shrikrishna Narlawar S. , Byakodi Manisha , Nagamani K. , Gandhi Sonu
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has emphasized the need for development of a rapid diagnostic device for the effective treatment and its mitigation. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) belongs to a class of diagnostic devices, which has the benefit of providing quick results, easy to handle, low cost, and on‐site applicable. So far, several LFIA has been developed for the detection of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), however, only a few of them are antigen (Ag)‐based. Here, we describe an antibody (Ab)‐labeled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)‐based LFIA (AuNPs‐LFIA) for the detection of Receptor‐Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2. For this, RBD Ab of SARS‐CoV‐2 was conjugated with the AuNPs, which served as a detecting probe. The fabricated LFIA strip was optimized for different parameters such as membrane pore size, blocking conditions, Ab coating concentration, and conjugate incubation. The optimized LFIA strips were validated in spiked buffer samples and the optimal limit of detection was found to be 1 ng/ml, which was confirmed by a smartphone‐based application. Moreover, the developed AuNPs‐LFIA strips effectively detected RBD Ag in 100 clinical samples with 94.3% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity in clinical samples when compared with the gold standard (RT‐PCR). The fabricated LFIAs are reported to have storage stability of up to 21 days at 4°C and room temperature (RT). Hence, the developed LFIA can be used as a portable, cost‐effective diagnostic device for rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Influence of Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, and prebiotic inulin on dysbiotic dental biofilm composition ex vivo
Authors: Colamarino Aaron N. , Johnson Thomas M. , Boudreaux Daniel M. , Dutner Joseph M. , Stancoven Brian W. , Lincicum Adam R. , Akers Joshua A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Probiotic bacterial supplementation has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontitis and the maintenance of periodontal health. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillus reuteri or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis supplementation with and without prebiotic inulin on biofilm composition using an ex vivo biofilm model.

Methods

Subgingival plaque specimens from three periodontitis‐affected human donors were used to grow biofilms on hydroxyapatite disks in media supplemented with varying combinations of prebiotic inulin, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Relative abundances of bacterial genera present in mature biofilms were evaluated using 16S rRNA next‐generation sequencing. Diversity metrics of microbial communities were evaluated using a next‐generation microbiome bioinformatics platform.

Results

Inulin supplementation produced statistically significant dose‐dependent increases in relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species (p < 0.001) with concomitant decreases in relative abundances of Streptococcus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, and Prevotella species (p < 0.001). Inoculation with L. reuteri or B. animalis subsp. lactis increased the relative abundance of only the supplemented probiotic genera (p < 0.05). Supplemental inulin led to a statistically significant decrease in biofilm alpha diversity (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The described ex vivo model appears suitable for investigating the effects of probiotic bacteria, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof on biofilm composition and complexity. Within the limitations imposed by this model, results from the present study underscore the potential for prebiotic inulin to modify biofilm composition favorably. Additional research further elucidating biologic rationale and controlled clinical research defining therapeutic benefits is warranted.
Graphical tools for visualizing the results of network meta‐analysis of multicomponent interventions
Authors: Seitidis Georgios , Tsokani Sofia , Christogiannis Christos , Kontouli Katerina‐Maria , Fyraridis Alexandros , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Mavridis Dimitris
Published: December 2022

Network meta‐analysis (NMA) is an established method for assessing the comparative efficacy and safety of competing interventions. It is often the case that we deal with interventions that consist of multiple, possibly interacting, components. Examples of interventions' components include characteristics of the intervention, mode (face‐to‐face, remotely etc.), location (hospital, home etc.), provider (physician, nurse etc.), time of communication (synchronous, asynchronous etc.) and other context related components. Networks of multicomponent interventions are typically sparse and classical NMA inference is not straightforward and prone to confounding. Ideally, we would like to disentangle the effect of each component to find out what works (or does not work). To this aim, we propose novel ways of visualizing the NMA results, describe their use, and illustrate their application in real‐life examples. We developed an R packageviscompto produce all the suggested figures.
Inhibitory effect of pre‐gelatinized dialdehyde starch on heat‐induced deterioration of sea cucumber
Authors: Cao Honghua , Liu Yonghao , Zhi Ling , Jing Shutong , Li Zhengshengao , Wang Dongfeng , Xu Ying , Sun Xun
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

This study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of pre‐gelatinized dialdehyde starch (P‐DAS) on the deterioration of sea cucumber during high‐temperature sterilization.

RESULTS

It was found that pre‐gelatinization reduced crystallinity and average molecular weight of dialdehyde starch (DAS), exposed free aldehyde groups, improved the solubility, and unified the particle sizes. According to the texture profiles of sea cucumber, the crosslinking power of P‐DAS was higher than that of DAS. The results of free amino content, total soluble substance, water retention, water distribution, relaxation time and scanning electron microscopy all showed that the crosslinking effect was dose‐dependent on crosslinking agent.

CONCLUSION

These results have proved that large molecules such as P‐DAS, when properly handled, could also efficiently enter collagen hydrogels and perform crosslinking, providing reference for the development of new protein food stabilizing agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of steam explosion on the nutritional and functional properties of black‐grained wheat bran and its application
Authors: Liu Yuxiu , Huang Shuhua , Meng Tianqi , Wang Yizhao , Zhang Zhengmao
Published: December 2022

Background

In recent years, an increasing interest in healthy functional foods has been documented among health‐conscious consumers. Steam explosion (SE)‐treated black‐grained wheat (BGW) bran was explored for the development of chiffon cakes with high nutritional and functional value.

Results

The content of crude fat and total starch decreased with increasing SE pressure, whereas water‐holding capacity and antioxidant activity increased, suggesting SE at 0.6–1.0 MPa could be an effective technique for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of wheat bran. The protein, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium, and soluble dietary fiber contents, the water‐holding, oil‐binding, swelling, cholesterol binding, and cation‐exchange capacities, and antioxidant activity of SE BGW bran were better than those of SE white‐grained wheat bran. The addition of SE bran (0.8 MPa) to flour significantly decreased the peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback and increased the pasting temperature. The effect of SE bran on the pasting properties of low‐gluten and medium‐gluten flour was stronger than that of high‐gluten flour. SE BGW bran altered the physicochemical properties of chiffon cakes. When 6% SE BGW bran (0.8 MPa) was added, chiffon cakes exhibited good specific volume, hardness, chewiness, and other sensory qualities.

Conclusions

These results indicate that SE at 0.6–1.0 MPa is an effective technique for enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of wheat bran. SE BGW bran can be alternatives to food materials for developing health functional cereal‐based products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Defining a textbook outcome for the resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Neary Colm , O'Brien Lukas , McCormack Emilie , Kelly Michael , Bolger Jarlath , McEntee Gerard , Conneely John
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Textbook outcomes (TBO) are composite measures of care which may be superior in assessing quality compared to traditional methods. We aim to define TBO which are specific to surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases, and investigate their impact on survival.

Methods

Single center analysis of all liver resections performed at our center from 2009 to 2020. A Cox model was used to identify perioperative outcomes which impacted on overall survival. These were retained with important postoperative outcomes to form a “TBO.” The impact of a TBO on overall survival was investigated using Kaplan−Meier curve analysis.

Results

TBO was achieved in 72.2% (197/273) of resections. Major morbidity (Clavien−Dindo ≥3) at 19.4% was the major limiting factor in not achieving a TBO. TBO was associated with improved 3‐year (77% vs. 55%), 5‐year (60.7% vs. 42.5%), and median (93 vs. 44 months) overall survival (log‐rank test, p = 0.006). Multivariable analysis revealed age >65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Grade III–IV, and resection of >2 segments as factors predictive of not achieving a TBO.

Conclusion

TBO is a useful composite measure in surgery for colorectal liver metastases. It can highlight areas which may be targeted for quality improvement and be useful as a tool to examine variation between centers. Achieving a TBO is associated with a significant improvement in survival.
Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review
Authors: Poletto Daniel L. , Crowley James D. , Tanglay Onur , Walsh William R. , Pelletier Matthew H.
Published: December 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), a widely recognized cause of lower back pain, is the leading cause of disability worldwide. A myriad of preclinical in vivo animal models of IVDD have been described in the literature. There is a need for critical evaluation of these models to better inform researchers and clinicians to optimize study design and ultimately, enhance experimental outcomes. The purpose of this study was to conduct an extensive systematic literature review to report the variability of animal species, IVDD induction method, and experimental timepoints and endpoints used in in vivo IVDD preclinical research. A systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed manuscripts featured on PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported an in vivo animal model of IVDD and included details of the species used, how disc degeneration was induced, and the experimental endpoints used for analysis. Two‐hundred and fifty‐nine (259) studies were reviewed. The most common species, IVDD induction method and experimental endpoint used was rodents(140/259, 54.05%), surgery (168/259, 64.86%) and histology (217/259, 83.78%), respectively. Experimental timepoint varied greatly between studies, ranging from 1 week (dog and rodent models), to >104 weeks in dog, horse, monkey, rabbit, and sheep models. The two most common timepoints used across all species were 4 weeks (49 manuscripts) and 12 weeks (44 manuscripts). A comprehensive discussion of the species, methods of IVDD induction and experimental endpoints is presented. There was great variability across all categories: animal species, method of IVDD induction, timepoints and experimental endpoints. While no animal model can replicate the human scenario, the most appropriate model should be selected in line with the study objectives to optimize experimental design, outcomes and improve comparisons between studies.
The Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network: A mixed methods evaluation of program goals, attributes, and impact
Authors: Van Citters Aricca D. , Buus‐Frank Madge E. , King Joel R. , Seid Michael , Holthoff Megan M. , Amin Raouf S. , Britto Maria T. , Nelson Eugene C. , Marshall Bruce C. , Sabadosa Kathryn A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation sponsored the design, pilot testing, and implementation of the CF Learning Network (CFLN) to explore how the Foundation's Care Center Network (CCN) could become a learning health system. Six years after the design, the Foundation commissioned a formative mixed methods evaluation of the CFLN to assess: CFLN participants' understanding of program goals, attributes, and perceptions of current and future impact.

Methods

We performed semi‐structured interviews with CFLN participants to identify perceived goals, attributes, and impact of the network. Following thematic analyses, we developed and distributed a survey to CFLN members and a matched sample of CCN programs to understand whether the themes were unique to the CFLN.

Results

Interviews with 24 CFLN participants were conducted. Interviewees identified the primary CFLN goal as improving outcomes for people living with CF, with secondary goals of providing training in quality improvement (QI), creating a learning community, engaging all stakeholders in improvement, and spreading best practices to the CCN. Project management, use of data, common QI methods, and the learning community were seen as critical to success. Survey responses were collected from 103 CFLN members and 25 CCN members. The data revealed that CFLN respondents were more likely than CCN respondents to connect with other CF programs, routinely use data for QI, and engage patient and family partners in QI.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the CFLN provides value beyond that achieved by the CCN. Key questions remain about whether spread of the CFLN could improve outcomes for more people living with CF.
Self‐similar viscosity approach to the Riemann problem for a strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws
Authors: Chhatria Balakrishna , Sen Anupam , Raja Sekhar T.
Published: December 2022

Here, we study the Riemann problem for a strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws, which occurs in gas dynamics and nonlinear elasticity. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution of Riemann problem containing delta shock wave by employing self‐similar vanishing viscosity approach. We prove that delta shock is stable under self‐similar viscosity perturbation, which ensures that delta shock wave is a unique entropy solution.
Technical note: Evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system
Authors: Morén Björn , Bokrantz Rasmus , Dohlmar Frida , Andersson Björn , Setterquist Erik , Larsson Torbjörn , Tedgren Åsa Carlsson
Published: December 2022

Background

Spatial properties of a dose distribution, such as volumes of contiguous hot spots, are of clinical importance in treatment planning for high dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). We have in an earlier study developed an optimization model that reduces the prevalence of contiguous hot spots by modifying a tentative treatment plan.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to incorporate the correction of hot spots in a standard inverse planning workflow and to validate the integrated model in a clinical treatment planning system. The spatial function is included in the objective function for the inverse planning, as opposed to in the previous study where it was applied as a separate post‐processing step. Our aim is to demonstrate that fine‐adjustments of dose distributions, which are often performed manually in today's clinical practice, can be automated.

Methods

A spatial optimization function was introduced in the treatment planning system RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden) via a research interface. A series of 10 consecutive prostate patients treated with HDR BT was retrospectively replanned with and without the spatial function.

Results

Optimization with the spatial function decreased the volume of the largest contiguous hot spot by on average 31%, compared to if the function was not included. The volume receiving at least 200% of the prescription dose decreased by on average 11%. Target coverage, measured as the fractions of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) receiving at least the prescription dose, was virtually unchanged (less than a percent change for both metrics). Organs‐at‐risk received comparable or slightly decreased doses if the spatial function was included in the optimization model.

Conclusions

Optimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post‐processing step.
Paternal obesity induces epigenetic aberrations and gene expression changes in placenta and fetus
Authors: Deshpande Sharvari S. S. , Bera Priyanka , Khambata Kushaan , Balasinor Nafisa H.
Published: December 2022

Paternal epigenome regulates placental and fetal growth. However, the effect of paternal obesity on placenta and its subsequent effect on the fetus via sperm remains unknown. We previously discovered abnormal methylation of imprinted genes involved in placental and fetal development in the spermatozoa of obese rats. In the present study, elaborate epigenetic characterization of sperm, placenta, and fetus was performed. For 16 weeks, male rats were fed either control or a high‐fat diet. Following mating studies, sperm, placenta, and fetal tissue were collected. Significant changes were observed in placental weights, morphology, and cell populations. Methylation status of imprinted genes—Igf2, Peg3, Cdkn1c, and Gnas in spermatozoa, correlated with their expression in the placenta and fetus. Placental DNA methylating enzymes and 5‐methylCytosine levels increased. Furthermore, in spermatozoa, DNA methylation of a few genes involved in pathways associated with placental endocrine function—gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, prolactin, estrogen, and vascular endothelial growth factor, correlated with their expression in placenta and fetus. Changes in histone‐modifying enzymes were also observed in the placenta. Histone marks H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H4ac were downregulated, while H3K27me3 and H3ac were upregulated in placentas derived from obese male rats. This study shows that obesity‐related changes in sperm methylome translate into abnormal expression in the F1‐placenta fathered by the obese male, presumably affecting placental and fetal development.
A concept analysis of facilitating presence through guided reflection for transformative learning in nursing education
Authors: Froneman Kathleen , du Plessis Emmerentia , van Graan Anneke Catherina
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to report an analysis of the novel concept, facilitating presence through guided reflection for transformative learning.

Design

A concept analysis.

Methods

Search included keywords ‘presence’, ‘reflective practices’, ‘nursing education’ and ‘concept analysis’. 65 peer‐reviewed articles between 2000–2020 were included.

Results

The final definition of the main concept is an interpersonal, co‐constructed, intersubjective and intentional process to accompany nursing students in deep, constructive learning to discover new meanings and perspectives through self‐inquiry and critical reflection on experiences. The nurse educator actively listens and intimately connect in the moment to create a safe environment. This leads to the nursing student's ability to learn to see what is important to the other and to respond by doing what can be done and/or by being who the other needs one to be.

Patient Contribution

This concept will help to streamline the practice of presence ultimately enhancing the quality of patient care.
Implementing caregiver management measures in general hospitals to prevent the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Wei , Zhao Xiaojing , Cheng Haihui , Song Yang , Song Xinhong
Published: December 2022

Aim

To summarize the whole process management measures for caregivers of inpatients in a non‐new coronavirus pneumonia designated hospital in China during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. The implementation of these measures is mainly to prevent the virus pandemic caused by crowd gathering.

Design

A quasi‐experimental study.

Methods

Novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control measures were implemented in the ‘pre‐hospital link, hospitalization link and discharge link’ for the whole process of the hospitalized patients’ caregivers. To evaluate the effects by time point inspection, the results were fed back using information technology for quality improvement.

Results

The results of three time point inspections indicated that the management quality of many projects improved continuously (p < 0.05). From January to June of 2021, 20 departments implemented a facial recognition information management system. The ratio of patients/caregivers admitted was 1:0.528~1:0.965; It was found that it is effective to implement the whole process management measures. The facial recognition system plays a key role in the comprehensive management of the caregivers.
Effectiveness and content components of nursing counselling interventions on self‐ and symptom management of patients in oncology rehabilitation—A systematic review
Authors: Witzig Brändli Verena , Lange Cordula , Kobleder Andrea , Kohler Myrta
Published: December 2022

Aim

To synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness and content components of nurse‐led counselling interventions on the self‐and symptom management of patients in oncology rehabilitation.

Design

A systematic review

Methods

The electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Grey Literature were searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi‐experimental trials. Following data extraction, a quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. The findings were synthesized in narrative and tabular formats.

Results

Seven studies were included in the analysis. Two RCTs measured a statistically significant increase in self‐efficacy compared to the control group, and one quasi‐experimental study showed a statistically significant increase compared to the pre‐intervention period. Symptom anxiety was statistically significantly reduced in two RCTs and one quasi‐experimental trial. Self‐management similarities in the components of the interventions were seen as identifying patients' concerns, setting goals, developing action plans and evaluating the goals and giving patient‐tailored information.
Haematological nurses' experiences about palliative care trajectories of patients with life‐threatening haematological malignancies: A qualitative study
Authors: McPherson Siobhan , Mitchell Ann‐Kristin , Sletten Ida , Kvande Monica Evelyn , Steindal Simen Alexander
Published: December 2022

Aims

To explore haematological nurses' experiences about the palliative care trajectories of patients with life‐threatening haematological malignancies.

Design

A qualitative study with a descriptive and explorative design.

Methods

Data were collected through 12 individual semi‐structured interviews of nurses who work with patients with haematological malignancies from four hospitals in Norway. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. The study was reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Results

Three categories emerged from the data analysis: focus on a cure delays integration of palliative care, dialogue with patients facilitates palliative care and the need for enhanced interdisciplinary understanding.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution since nurses' experiences were explored.
Building a macrosystems ecology framework to identify links between environmental and human health: A random forest modelling approach
Authors: Walls Felisha N. , McGarvey Daniel J.
Published: December 2022

Anthropogenic activities that degrade natural ecosystems may also impact human health. However, research on the links between human and environmental health has most often been conducted at small scales (e.g. individual cities) and cannot easily be extrapolated to larger scales.

We created a macrosystems ecology framework to identify associations between human and environmental health by combining human mortality and socioeconomic data for the conterminous United States with spatially aligned data on the physicochemical characteristics of river basins.

Principal component analysis was first used to reduce a list of 596 environmental variables to a subset of 64 environmental covariates, representing six main environmental themes (climate, geology, hydrology, land use, river basin morphology and pollution). Independent, spatially aligned information was then obtained for 12 socioeconomic covariates.

Random forest modelling was used to predict age‐adjusted mortality rate as a function of the environmental and socioeconomic covariates. An independent data subset (random 75:25 model building vs. testing split) was also used for model validation. The coefficient of determination between predicted and observed mortality rates was 0.76 for the validation data. Furthermore, model residuals (predicted − observed mortality) were centered near zero and normally distributed (1 SD = 62.26), suggesting high model accuracy and precision.

Socioeconomic covariates were consistently the most influential predictors of mortality rate. Smoking, food insecurity, and lack of physical activity were particularly important. However, environmental covariates accounted for 5 of the 10 strongest predictors overall, with air temperature and precipitation being most influential among environmental variables.

This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the utility of a modelling framework that combines environmental and human health data at macroscales. We suggest that further application of macrosystems ecology tools will improve the capacity to anticipate human health responses to ongoing environmental change.

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MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ren Ying‐Shan , Li Xi‐Tao , Cai Meng‐Ting , Li Hui‐Lin , Ding Wen‐Luan , Wu Yu‐Hang , Guo Hai‐Biao , Tang Zhong‐Hua , Sun Fei , Chen A‐Li , Piao Xiu‐Hong , Wang Shu‐Mei , Ge Yue‐Wei
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Eleutherococcus senticosus fruit (ESF) is a natural health supplement resource that has been extensively applied as a tonic for the nervous system. The structures and neural bioactivities of triterpenoid saponins (TS), which are the major constituents of ESF, have not been comprehensively analyzed thus far.

Objective

We conducted a complete in‐depth MS/MS molecular networking (MN)‐based targeted analysis of TS from the crude extract of ESF and investigated its neuroprotective value.

Methods

An MS/MS MN‐guided strategy was used to rapidly present a series of precursor ions (PIs) of TS in a compound cluster as TS‐targeted information used in the discovery and characterization of TS. In addition, a prepared TS‐rich fraction of ESF was assayed for its restraining effects on β‐amyloid‐induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth.

Results

A total of 87 TS were discovered using a PI tracking strategy, 28 of which were characterized as potentially undescribed structures according to their high‐resolution MS values. Furthermore, the TS‐rich fraction can significantly reduce β‐amyloid‐induced damage to neural networks by promoting the outgrowth of neurites and axons.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal the richness of TS in ESF and will accelerate their application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Development of rigid polyurethane foam incorporating phase change material for a low‐temperature thermal energy storage application
Authors: Mahajan U. R. , Emmanuel I. , Rao A. Sreenivasa , Mhaske S. T.
Published: December 2022

Polyurethane (PU) foam is most commonly used in thermal insulation in cold storage applications but it lacks thermal energy storage characteristics. In the present work, a phase change material (PCM) n‐tetradecane is microencapsulated with poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) using oil‐in‐water emulsion polymerization followed by incorporation into the PU foam formulation to fabricate composite foam. The purpose of the study was to combine thermal insulation along with thermal energy storage characteristics into PU foam. The phase change enthalpy of PU foam was improved from 22.43 to 55.46 J g−1 by changing the microcapsule loading fraction from 10% to 30%. The composite PU foam exhibits good thermal reliability even after 100 thermal cycling tests. The morphological observation confirms a decrease in cell size while increasing the microcapsule content. It is found that microcapsule addition has no effect on the thermal stability of PU foam. A prototype has been fabricated and tested, showing an enhancement in the thermal energy storage capacity of PU composite foam. This performance makes this PU‐PCM system feasible for cold energy storage applications. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Preparation, polymerization and properties of an adamantyl‐based benzoxazine
Authors: Xia Yiqing , Liu Linze , Shi Rui , Hao Libo , Yan Shuai , Wang Lian , Gao Chen , Zhang Xuemei , Sheng Yuping
Published: December 2022

A novel adamantyl‐based benzoxazine (AD‐Bz) was successfully synthesized with 1,3‐bis(4‐aniline)‐adamantane (AD) derived from 1‐adamantanol and acetanilide through the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The chemical structure, curing behavior and curing kinetics of AD‐Bz were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and DSC, respectively. The results indicated that the activation energies (Ea) of AD‐Bz were 106.3 kJ mol−1 (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method) and 109.5 kJ mol−1 (Ozawa method), which are significantly lower than that of the benzoxazine derived from salicylaldehyde and 4,4′‐diamine diphenylmethane (P‐ddm). Furthermore, the thermal properties, dielectric properties and flammability properties of poly(AD‐Bz) were explored with dynamic mechanical analysis, an Agilent impedance analyzer and TGA. It was found that poly(AD‐Bz) exhibited higher heat‐resistant properties (Tg = 253.4 °C), higher thermal stability (Td,10% = 401 °C) and lower dielectric constant (εr = 3.16, 10 MHz) compared with poly(P‐ddm), favoring its application as a candidate for interlayer materials in ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuit and aerospace materials. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Mechanism study on gliding arc (GA) plasma reforming: Unraveling the decisive role of CH4/CO2 ratio in the dry reforming reaction
Authors: Liu Jing‐Lin , Xue Zhuo‐Wen , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Sun Bing , Zhu Ai‐Min
Published: December 2022

Aiming at understanding the role of CH4/CO2 ratio on gliding arc (GA)‐based dry reforming of methane (GA‐DRM), the GA‐DRM at CH4/CO2 ratio range of 0.11 to 1 was studied with kinetics simulation. The radicals of H, OH, and CH3 are identified as the main reactive species to induce the reactant conversion and product formation in GA‐DRM. The increase of CH4/CO2 raises the concentrations of H and CH3 and reduces the OH concentration. Subsequently, the CH4/CO2 ratio regulates the main reaction routes of GA‐DRM. The dehydrogenation coupling reaction enhances with CH4/CO2 and thus raises the selectivities of C2 hydrocarbons. The OH‐induced reactions for OH to H2O weaken with CH4/CO2, thereby increasing the H2 selectivity.
Safeguarding sandalwood: A review of current and emerging tools to support sustainable and legal forestry
Authors: Bunney Ellyse , McInerney Francesca A. , Dormontt Eleanor , Malik Arif , Welti Nina , Wilkins David , Plant Malcolm , Hettiarachchi Dhanushka S. , Thomas Darren , Dowell Ashley , Hamalton Tresa , Lowe Andrew J.
Published: December 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Sandalwood and other high value tree species are under significant threat from illegal harvest. Illegal logging is an increasing problem contributing to deforestation, biodiversity loss, human rights abuses and funding transnational crime. Successful prosecution of illegal logging is hindered by a lack of methods to provide evidence of the origin of timber. New analytical techniques have been developed to trace timber back to its source. These methods, together with the establishment of sustainable sources of forest resources, can help protect vulnerable species by providing evidence to prosecute illegal harvest and ensure that commercially available forest products come from sustainable sources.

Sandalwood is highly valued for its fragrant oil and has a long history of cultural and economic importance in many regions of the world. Historical overharvest and poor management have depleted natural populations of sandalwood, which are slow to regenerate. The increasing establishment of plantation sandalwood creates an alternative resource for the sandalwood industry while potentially relieving harvesting pressure on natural stands. Due to the high demand for sandalwood, remaining wild populations are still under threat from illegal logging and methods to identify the source of harvested sandalwood are needed. Laws and regulations aimed at preventing illegal harvest and possession of sandalwood have been put in place but cannot be enforced without the forensic tools to independently verify claimed origin or product quality. The high value of sandalwood combined with the difficulties in enforcing illegal logging laws makes these species particularly vulnerable to poaching. There is an immediate need to develop tools that can identify illegally sourced and adulterated sandalwood products. This paper reviews the current and developing scientific tools that can help identify and control illegal activity in sandalwood supply chains and provides recommendations for future research. Topics include isotope and DNA analysis for tracing illegally harvested sandalwood, chemical profiling for quality control of sandalwood oils, network and policy development to establish a framework for future regulation of the sandalwood trade.
Magnetic Composite Lignin Colloids Prepared with a Convenient Patching Method for Generally Treating Heterogeneous Oily Wastewater
Authors: Bai Yating , Kong Yue , Yang Ming , Wang Xing , Sun Dayin , Zhou Jinghui
Published: December 2022

The key to the efficient use of biomass resources is the rational design and preparation of lignin‐based fine chemicals. In this investigation, the colloidal self‐assembly structure formed by lignin in good solvents is used as the module, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are taken as the carrier, and magnetic composite lignin nanoparticles are prepared in batches by a rapid and convenient surficial grafting (patching) process. The varying amphiphilicity and wettability of lignin are influenced by the various types of wetting solvents. Its wetting behavior can be regulated to achieve oil–water separation in different adsorption or/and emulsification processes. This study provides a novel tool for industrial oil–water separation and, thus, general oily wastewater treatment.
Ten‐year experience in the clinical management of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in children
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Cheng Kaisheng , He Taozhen , Yuan Miao , Luo Dengke , Xu Chang
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration (ILS) is rare and its optimal clinical management remains ambiguous. This study aimed to introduce our 10‐year experience in clinical management of ILS. And the application of our novel surgical method, thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection (TALR) on ILS was introduced.

Materials and Methods

Patients with ILS who received treatment between December 2010 and 2020 were included in this study, retrospectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess risk factors for preoperative symptoms. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared between the thoracoscopic lobectomy and lung‐sparing surgery groups.

Results

A total of 112 patients were included in this study. Age and maximum cyst diameter were risk factors for preoperative symptoms. Lung‐sparing surgery proved to be safe and feasible with no residual lesions.

Conclusions

The overall prognosis of early thoracoscopic surgery for ILS was good. Lung‐sparing surgery, especially TALR could be used as a first‐line surgery for ILS. It may resolve the long‐standing controversy over whether surgery for asymptomatic patients with ILS.