bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining income inequities in tooth loss among Brazilian adults
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello , Constante Helena Mendes , Cascaes Andreia Morales
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine the extent to which individual and contextual variables explain income inequities in tooth loss in Brazilian adults.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 65,784 Brazilian adults aged 18–59 who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019 was analyzed. Self‐reported tooth loss was the outcome. Per capita income was the main exposure, and minimum wage was the cutoff point. Individual covariates included sex, race, and schooling, dental visits, smoking status, use of dental floss, and self‐reported chronic conditions. Contextual covariates included access to treated water and geographic region of residence. Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analysis was used to estimate the share of each factor in income‐related tooth loss inequities by age groups.

Results

Age‐standardized tooth loss showed large income inequities. The average difference in tooth loss related to income inequities in the 18‐34‐year‐old group was 0.50 (95% CI 0.39; 0.60), increasing to 4.51 (95% CI 4.09; 4.93) in the 45–59 years. Individual and contextual covariates explained almost 90% of income inequities in the 45–59 year group. Use of dental floss, schooling, and geographic region of residence (a proxy for human development level) had a higher proportion of contribution to the inequities examined.

Conclusions

Individual and contextual covariates (proxy for human development level and water fluoridation coverage) explained a large share of income‐related tooth loss inequities. Tailored strategies to act at both levels can help reduce tooth loss inequities among Brazilian adults.
Development and Validation of the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised–Japanese Version1
Authors: Machida Minori , Tanobe Kaho , Lee Steve K. , Hara Shintaro , Kumano Hiroaki , Tayama Jun
Published: January 2023

The Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Scale 1 Revised (CAS‐1R) is a 10‐item self‐report measure designed to assess dysfunctional metacognition, a transdiagnostic predictor of psychological disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, major depression disorder). Dysfunctional metacognition is classified into “cognitive attentional syndrome” and “metacognitive beliefs,” and the latter in turn into negative and positive beliefs. We translated the CAS‐1R into Japanese (CAS‐1R‐J) and examined its reliability and validity in a Japanese community sample. We recruited 552 participants via the Internet and received responses from 552 individuals (Time 1) and 112 individuals (Time 2). Of these, the data of 87 individuals were used to examine test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the factor structure (three‐factor model) of the CAS‐1R‐J was appropriate. Each subscale showed good internal consistency. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed discriminant and incremental validity for anxiety and depressive symptoms, meaning the CAS‐1R‐J is valid to assess state cognitive attentional syndrome and metacognitive beliefs among Japanese individuals.
A Novel Research Tool for Studying Human Associative Learning: Role‐Playing Game Tasks1,2
Authors: Nagaishi Takatoshi
Published: January 2023

A role‐playing game (RPG) is a video game genre in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. This study examined the possibility of applying an RPG task to human associative learning. Specifically, it examined latent inhibition and context‐specific latent inhibition using the RPG task. In the RPG task, the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were a monster and a treasure obtained battling the monster, respectively. Conditioning was conducted by presenting a treasure after a battle. The experimental context was the location where the battle occurred. Participants were asked to make judgments about the extent to which each monster they encountered would likely have a treasure. Prior to conditioning, a treatment of not obtaining a treasure after a battle would make it unlikely to expect the monster to have a treasure, even if it was received after a subsequent battle (i.e., latent inhibition). Furthermore, when the battle location was changed, the latent inhibition disappeared (i.e., context‐specific latent inhibition). These observed phenomena suggested that the RPG task may be employed as a tool to extend research regarding human associative learning.
A Physcomitrella PIN protein acts in spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention
Authors: Lüth Volker M. , Rempfer Christine , van Gessel Nico , Herzog Oliver , Hanser Melanie , Braun Marion , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf
Published: January 2023

The auxin efflux PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins are conserved in all land plants and important players in plant development. In the moss Physcomitrella (Physcomitrium patens), three canonical PINs (PpPINA–C) are expressed in the leafy shoot (gametophore). PpPINA and PpPINB show functional activity in vegetative growth and sporophyte development. Here, we examined the role of PpPINC in the life cycle of Physcomitrella.

We established reporter and knockout lines for PpPINC and analysed vegetative and reproductive tissues using microscopy and transcriptomic sequencing of moss gametangia.

PpPINC is expressed in immature leaves, mature gametangia and during sporophyte development. The sperm cells (spermatozoids) of pinC knockout mutants exhibit increased motility and an altered flagella phenotype. Furthermore, the pinC mutants have a higher portion of differentially expressed genes related to spermatogenesis, increased fertility and an increased abortion rate of premeiotic sporophytes.

Here, we show that PpPINC is important for spermatogenesis and sporophyte retention. We propose an evolutionary conserved way of polar growth during early moss embryo development and sporophyte attachment to the gametophore while suggesting the mechanical function in sporophyte retention of a ring structure, the Lorch ring.
Does short‐term antipsychotic discontinuation of up to 3 weeks worsen symptoms in acute schizophrenia? A pooled analysis of placebo washout data
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Watabe Kei
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study aimed to examine symptom changes during short‐term discontinuation of antipsychotics up to 3 weeks including the placebo washout phase in acute schizophrenia.

Methods

The data from three double‐blind, randomized, controlled trials comparing lurasidone versus placebo in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were analyzed. Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and the Clinical Global Impression–Severity scale (CGI‐S) scores. The scores before and after the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were compared, and factors associated with score changes were explored.

Results

Among 2154 patients participating in the trials, 600 who received antipsychotic monotherapy and completed the antipsychotic discontinuation phase were included in the analysis. No patients received clozapine. The mean duration of the discontinuation phase was 5.9 ± 2.5 days. The PANSS total and CGI‐S scores significantly changed from 94.0 ± 9.5 to 95.4 ± 10.5 (P < 0.001) and from 4.9 ± 0.6 to 4.9 ± 0.7 (P = 0.041), respectively, during this phase; however, the absolute difference was minimal. The score changes were not associated with the type or dose of prior antipsychotics, or the duration or strategy (abrupt vs gradual) of antipsychotic discontinuation.

Conclusions

Symptoms may not worsen to a clinically meaningful degree after short‐term discontinuation of non‐clozapine antipsychotics up to 3 weeks in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, suggesting that antipsychotic efficacy persists at least several days after discontinuation. This finding supports once‐daily dosing regimen of antipsychotics and abrupt antipsychotic discontinuation when switching to another antipsychotic.
Relaxing effects of music and odors on physiological recovery after cognitive stress and unexpected absence of multisensory benefit
Authors: Baccarani Alessia , Donnadieu Sophie , Pellissier Sonia , Brochard Renaud
Published: January 2023

Several studies have described, often separately, the relaxing effects of music or odor on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Only a few studies compared the presentation of these stimuli and their interaction within a same experimental protocol. Here, we examined whether relaxing music (slow‐paced classical pieces) and odor (lavender essential oil) either presented in isolation or in combination would facilitate physiological recovery after cognitive stress. We continuously recorded the electrocardiogram to assess the high‐frequency component of heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), an index of parasympathetic activity, and electrodermal activity (EDA), an index of sympathetic activity, 10 min before, during and 30 min after a cognitive stress (i.e., completing timely constrained cognitively demanding tasks) in 99 participants allocated to four recovery conditions (control N = 26, music N = 23, odor N = 24, music+odor N = 26). The stressing event triggered both a significant increase in EDA and decrease in HF‐HRV (compared to baseline). During the recovery period, the odor elicited a greater decrease in EDA compared to an odorless silent control, whereas no difference in HRV was observed. Conversely, during this period, music elicited a greater increase in HF‐HRV compared to control whereas no difference in EDA was observed. Strikingly, in the multimodal music+odor condition, no beneficial effect was observed on ANS indexes 30 min after stress. Overall, our study confirms that both olfactory and musical stimuli have relaxing effects after stress on ANS when presented separately only, which might rely on distinct neural mechanisms and autonomic pathways.
Comparison of ammonia‐N volatilization losses from untreated granular urea and granular urea treated with NutriSphere‐N®
Authors: Harty Mary A. , McDonnell Kevin P. , Whetton Rebecca , Gillespie Gary , Burke James I.
Published: January 2023

Development of novel methods to inhibit ammonia (NH3) volatilization losses has become a strong research focus to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and as a potential area for growth in the fertilizer industry. European Union legislation on the regulation of NH3 emission from mineral fertilizers after 2030, will only allow urea fertilizers with reduced NH3 emissions by at least 30% to remain in use. The recent increase in fertilizer prices has also created a renewed impetus to curb these losses. This paper details the results of an experiment comparing the rates of volatilization from granular urea treated with NutriSphere‐N®, untreated urea and an unfertilized control as well as placing the results in context by conducting a review of similar studies featuring NutriSphere‐N®. The study was conducted in a light and temperature‐controlled growth chamber using the chamber built in air flow which collected any NH3 volatilized from a flask containing fresh soil with applied treatment and transported the NH3 to an acid trap where the volatilized NH3 was captured and exhaust air was removed. The experiment ran for 3 weeks and resulting samples were analysed colorimetrically and adjusted for differences in airflow. The temporal results show that urea dominated the flux profile but the pattern of fluxes from the two fertilizer N treatments were similar. When analysed cumulatively over the duration of the experiment, the fluxes from the NutriSphere‐N® treated urea were significantly (p = .018) (86%) lower than untreated urea and were not significantly different from the untreated control (p = .959).
On the number variance of zeta zeros and a conjecture of Berry
Authors: Lugar Meghann Moriah , Milinovich Micah B. , Quesada‐Herrera Emily
Published: January 2023

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we prove estimates for the variance of the real and imaginary part of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta function in short intervals. We give three different formulations of these results. Assuming a conjecture of Chan for how often gaps between zeros can be close to a fixed non‐zero value, we prove a conjecture of Berry (1988) for the number variance of zeta zeros in the non‐universal regime. In this range, Gaussian unitary ensemble statistics do not describe the distribution of the zeros. We also calculate lower order terms in the second moment of the logarithm of the modulus of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. Assuming Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, this establishes a special case of a conjecture of Keating and Snaith (2000).
Cross-Sectorial Learning of Model Testing Methodologies Aligned to Technology TRL
Authors: Leite Anita , Davey Thomas , Dai David , Pillai Ajit C. , Bruce Tom
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a state of the art review of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) tank testing in wave basins from the perspective of understanding how different test methodologies currently deployed can be correlated to the development stage of the design being tested. This approach was already adopted by the wave energy sector, however, for the FOWT sector this is not fully developed, and only briefly mentioned in guidance documents.

An open question in the application of aerodynamic loads within wave basin testing is, how complex does it need to be? For wave basin testing facilities, it is important to understand how a test program must be set up to meet the clients’ requirements. The designs being tested may be at different development stages, i.e., different Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) and it is important to understand how the test configuration will impact the clients’ objectives.

Three main tank test campaigns will be performed at FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility using the UMaine VolturnUS-S reference platform developed for the IEA wind 15-MW offshore reference wind turbine. It will be used as a basis for the development of a staged development approach for the FOWT sector. In preparation for these tests, the present paper explores and evaluates the appropriateness, with relation to TRL, of different methodologies for including aerodynamic loads in wave basin testing of FOWT.
Development of 15MW Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Substructure Customized to Korean Shipyard
Authors: Baquet Aldric , Kim Kyong Hwan , Kim Jang , Park Sewan , Ha Yoon Jin , Lee Hyungtae , Shen Zhirong , Kyoung Johyun
Published: January 2023

As Republic of Korea (Korea, hereafter) moves towards “net zero carbon emission” by 2050, wind power generation is considered as one of the key elements to achieve the goal. Korean government plans to reach 12GW installed offshore wind capacity by 2030. The plan includes the construction of a 6GW floating offshore wind farm in the Dong-Hae area off the coast of Ulsan in water depths ranging from 120 to 180m.

A floating offshore wind turbine substructure is being developed with a focus on the Korean market. It consists of semisubmersible type platform with three columns of pentagonal shapes connected by three pontoons. The design philosophy is to have a construction-friendly structure for smaller Korean shipyards, minimal requirement for offshore installation vessel fleet and a robust and passive design that requires minimum maintenance over the operation period. The column sections are similar to that of small fishing vessels and pontoon section is similar to barge, both of which are familiar to the small Korean shipyards for construction. Hull structures are optimized to support a 15MW wind turbine safely through a thorough time-domain response-based structural analyses and assessment.

This paper presents the key features and functionalities of the design, an overview of the hull and mooring performance and a preliminary construction and installation plan.
Numerical Simulations of Offshore Wind Turbine Component Lifts to Determine Installation Operability
Authors: Sreenivasan Atheendra , Voogt Arjan
Published: January 2023

The U.S. plans to install 30GW of offshore wind by 2030. However, the lack of Jones-Act compliant installation vessels means that alternative installation strategies will have to be used in the near to mid-term. One such strategy is to use Jones-Act classed barges or purpose built ships to transport Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) components from port to the offshore location where a foreign vessel can install them. This paper uses numerical simulations to derive the uptime of such an operation for different feeder solutions.
Numerical Analysis of the Semisubmersible Using Generating-Absorbing Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ramesh Reddy Likhitha , Viré Axelle
Published: January 2023

The present work tests the performance of an efficient boundary condition called generating-absorbing boundary condition (GABC) for free-surface waves and studies its effect on computational efficiency. Numerical simulations of a semisubmersible substructure are performed with two different boundary conditions with low spurious reflection: relaxation zone and GABC. These simulations are conducted for regular sea states in OpenFOAM and have been validated using experimental data obtained from the OC6 campaign. The numerical results with relaxation zone boundary condition and GABC agreed well with the experimental results. Using GABC also resulted in an almost 15% reduction in computational time compared to the conventional approaches.
Design and Analysis of a Floating-Wind Shallow-Water Mooring System Featuring Polymer Springs
Authors: Lozon Ericka , Hall Matthew , McEvoy Paul , Kim Seojin , Ling Bradley
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a mooring system design featuring polymer springs for the VolturnUS-S 15-MW reference floating wind turbine in site conditions for the New York Bight at a 50-m water depth. Polymer springs have a nonlinear stress-strain curve that allows a stiffer response at low loads and a more flexible response at higher loads, potentially reducing peak mooring line tensions. The mooring dynamics model MoorDyn has been extended to model springs with nonlinear tension-strain curves from a user-inputted look-up table. This MoorDyn modeling advancement is verified against OrcaFlex simulation results. Using MoorDyn’s updated capabilities, a spring-equipped catenary mooring system is designed for the 15-MW floating system, along with a baseline catenary mooring system that does not use polymer springs. The floating wind turbine simulator OpenFAST is used to simulate the mooring systems in design-driving load cases to show the effect of polymer springs on key dynamic behaviours. The results show that the spring-equipped design reduces peak tensions by up to 60%, whereas the turbine offsets stay within a maximum of 7.2 m, which is still a reasonable offset limit for cable considerations. The reduction in peak tensions results in a significant decrease in damage equivalent loads — on the order of 50% for upwind lines in fully loaded conditions. These results show that polymer springs can effectively reduce peak tensions and fatigue loads in mooring systems at shallow water depths.
Stochastic Stability of Offshore Wind Turbine Blades Influenced by Rotationally Sampled Turbulence Perturbations
Authors: Caracoglia Luca
Published: January 2023

This study examines the stochastic stability of large, offshore wind turbine blades in the presence of flow turbulence. The problem is relevant to the design and reliability of future offshore wind energy structures. The formulation exploits a previously derived model to investigate mean square flutter stability. The formulation uses rotationally sampled turbulence to describe incoming flow perturbations. Although some assumptions are introduced in this preliminary study, the paper demonstrates the suitability of the proposed methodology; the solution is enabled via stochastic differential equations, numerically solved. A benchmark blade of a horizontal-axis offshore wind turbine is employed as the first application example.
Empire Wind Model Tests - Wave Loads and Responses
Authors: Alsos Hagbart S. , Ravinthrakumar Senthuran , Økland Ole David , Pâkozdi Csaba , Rolland Louise Ankerstjerne , Nordheim Knut
Published: January 2023

The following paper presents key findings from the Empire Wind monopile model tests. The tests were performed at SINTEF Oceans test facilities in late 2021 and early 2022 as part of FEED and early Detailed Engineering. Due to harsh weather conditions, with the potential for tropical hurricanes, combined with large monopile WTGs (Wind Turbine Generator), an extensive hydrodynamic test campaign has been conducted. The reason for this has been to test and validate the loads and response modes during extreme wave conditions over a variation of highly nonlinear sea states. This further allows for comparison with numerical analyses applied in both FEED and detailed design. As the Empire Wind WTGs are in waters occasionally visited by hurricanes, the attention to extreme events in a low damping configuration has been of particular interest. This implies global response due to ringing and slamming, as well as local effects from runup. Providing an accurate and representative description of such responses, is important. This is particularly true when dynamic properties of the WTGs are moved closer to the wave frequent area. This has also called for more advanced numerical methods to capture both the nonlinear irregular waves and the global structural response. The paper gives and introduction to both the model tests, and comparisons with the numerical analyses. Focus is placed on wave responses from selected sea states along the 50 and 500 year contours.
Semi-Supervised CNN-Based SVDD Anomaly Detection for Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbines
Authors: Peng Dandan , Liu Chenyu , Desmet Wim , Gryllias Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

Anomaly Detection (AD) can play a key role in condition monitoring of wind turbines, aiming to detect faults as early as possible, improving their reliability and the efficiency of power generation, while reducing downtime and maintenance costs. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are widely used, capturing large amounts of status data. Effectively extracting useful information from these massive data is critical. At present, AD methods are mainly divided into shallow kernel and deep-based methods. Deep AD methods show more promising results when applied on large datasets. Typically, AD methods are based on a large number of unlabeled data. However, sometimes in addition to the large number of unlabeled samples, a small number of labeled samples is also available, which can be used to build an improved model. In this paper a semi-supervised AD method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is proposed to automatically monitor the status of wind turbines. The proposed method is validated on a wind turbines’ SCADA dataset, including ice blade events. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieve better AD performance compared to a state-of-the-art unsupervised Deep SVDD AD method.
Hydrodynamic Effects of Surface Roughness on Cylinders: Literature Review and Research Gaps
Authors: Maduka Maduka , Coughlan Katherine , Schoefs Franck , Thiagarajan Krish , Arwade Sanjay , Bates Alison
Published: January 2023

In recent years, several studies have been performed to assess the damages caused by marine biofouling. Marine biofouling (or marine growth) generally refers to the settlement and growth of unwanted aquatic organisms on human-made structures situated in marine and estuarine environments. Regarding the continued demonstration of energy resource potential and a promising area of research by offshore wind turbines (OWTs), this paper provides a review of biofouling phenomena in the context of underwater cylindrical components of offshore/marine structures. Most floating wind turbine installations are located in moderate water depths between 50 m to 100 m. At these depths, biofouling can be seen on a large section of cylindrical structures, including mooring lines or power cables, with considerable roughness. The proposed review will specifically highlight various marine fouling parameters and laboratory approaches employed by researchers in modelling biofouling, and its effects on hydrodynamic loading due to wave and current excitation. Most previous experimental research assumed that biofouling effects are a function of surface roughness that is either uniform or nearly uniform and that the stationary roughened cylinder is fully covered. Some other studies, however, have proven that the surface roughness alone cannot precisely characterize marine growth; other marine fouling parameters such as roughness geometry, surface coverage ratio, facility testing set-up, biofouling species, and colonization pattern can all have a significant impact on the hydrodynamic force coefficients. To highlight knowledge gaps and research trends on collective influential aspects of biofouling to date. This report went on to explore the challenges in modelling biofouling due to its intrinsic randomness and uncertainty, as well as suggestions for many studies on marine fouling that are currently absent.
A Highly Efficient and Rapid Cost-Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations for an Entire Windfarm Site
Authors: Nielsen Martin Bjerre , Hindhede Dennis , Palmer Matthew , Leblanc Thilsted Christian
Published: January 2023

The present paper presents a framework for holistic optimization of monopile foundations for a full offshore windfarm. The framework has been developed in-house at Wood Thilsted Partners and has been used for design of several full-scale wind farms including Vineyard Wind, the first commercial scale wind farm in the US. The backbone of the code is a beam finite-element based structural analysis code that performs all necessary design checks according to the governing standards. A direct coupling to various 3D FE-software packages is in place for detailed analyses of non-trivial structural details such as bolted flange connections and welded attachments. Three dimensional FE is also used for position-specific 3D soil analysis for calibration and validation of the non-linear soil-structure interaction springs serving as boundary conditions for the model. Installation and drivability assessments are similarly included in the design flow based on the beam model and validated subsequently via parameterized 3D models. Everything is integrated in a fully automated optimization framework that can perform a full optimization sweep including automatic generation of design reports and drawing material ready for certification for a full windfarm of several hundred individual positions in a few hours. Representative examples illustrate how the framework provides the possibility for conducting large scale sensitivity studies, such as diameter and clustering studies allowing for holistic cost-optimization across all positions in a windfarm.
Structural, magnetic, and transport properties of Co2CrAl epitaxial thin film
Authors: Gupt Guru Dutt , Dhaka Rajendra S.
Published: January 2023

We report the physical properties of Co2CrAl Heusler alloy epitaxial thin films grown on a single-crystalline MgO(001) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The x-ray diffraction pattern in the θ-2θ mode showed the film growth in a single phase B2-type ordered cubic structure with the presence of (002) and (004) peaks, and the film oriented along the MgO(001) direction. The ϕ scan along the (220) plane confirms the fourfold symmetry, and the epitaxial growth relation is found to be Co2CrAl(001)[100]||MgO(001)[110]. The thickness of about 12 nm is extracted through the analysis of x-ray reflectivity data. The isothermal magnetization (M–H) curves confirm the ferromagnetic (FM) nature of the thin film having significant hysteresis at 5 and 300 K. From the in-plane M–H curves, the saturation magnetization values are determined to be 2.1 μB/f.u. at 5 K and 1.6 μB/f.u. at 300 K, which suggest the soft FM behavior in the film having the coercive field ≈522 Oe at 5 K. The thermomagnetization measurements at 500 Oe magnetic field show the bifurcation between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves below about 100 K. The normalized field-cooled magnetization curve follows the T2 dependency, and the analysis reveals the Curie temperature around 335±11 K. Moreover, the low-temperature resistivity indicates semiconducting behavior with the temperature, and we find a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (5.2×10−4/K).
The effect of seafloor roughness on passive estimates of the seabed reflection coefficient
Authors: Olson Derek R.
Published: January 2023

In this work, a model is developed for the effect of seafloor interface roughness on passive estimates of the reflection coefficient. The main result is an expression for the total intensity reflection coefficient, with separate coherent and incoherent contributions. Assumptions of this model include constant sound speed in the ocean, stationary and Gaussian seafloor roughness, and ambient noise. Numerical examples for the coherent, incoherent, and total contributions to the intensity reflection coefficient are presented for halfspace and layered environments—all using the small slope approximation. To illustrate the potential parameter errors that results from using a flat interface wave model when roughness is present, a geoacoustic inversion is performed using the proposed model as input data. A joint roughness-geoacoustic inversion of simulated data using the proposed model was also performed. It was found that the true roughness and geoacoustic parameters can be inverted using this model, but the sensitivity to the outer scale of the rough surface has the highest error compared to the other parameters.
Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies of zinc in meteorites constrain the origin of Earth’s volatiles
Authors: Martins Rayssa , Kuthning Sven , Coles Barry J. , Kreissig Katharina , Rehkämper Mark
Published: January 2023

Material inherited from different nucleosynthesis sources imparts distinct isotopic signatures to meteorites and terrestrial planets. These nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies have been used to constrain the origins of material that formed Earth. However, anomalies have only been identified for elements with high condensation temperatures, leaving the origin of Earth’s volatile elements unconstrained. We determined the isotope composition of the moderately volatile element zinc in 18 bulk meteorites and identified nucleosynthetic zinc isotope anomalies. Using a mass-balance model, we find that carbonaceous bodies, which likely formed beyond the orbit of Jupiter, delivered about half of Earth’s zinc inventory. Combined with previous constraints obtained from studies of other elements, these results indicate that ~10% of Earth’s mass was provided by carbonaceous material.
Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon
Authors: Albert James S. , Carnaval Ana C. , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Lohmann Lúcia G. , Ribas Camila C. , Riff Douglas , Carrillo Juan D. , Fan Ying , Figueiredo Jorge J. P. , Guayasamin Juan M. , Hoorn Carina , de Melo Gustavo H. , Nascimento Nathália , Quesada Carlos A. , Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Val Pedro , Arieira Julia , Encalada Andrea C. , Nobre Carlos A.
Published: January 2023

Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity reserves and globally important ecosystem services. The most substantial threats come from regional deforestation, because of export market demands, and global climate change. The Amazon is currently perched to transition rapidly from a largely forested to a nonforested landscape. These changes are happening much too rapidly for Amazonian species, peoples, and ecosystems to respond adaptively. Policies to prevent the worst outcomes are known and must be enacted immediately. We now need political will and leadership to act on this information. To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our peril.
Rapid plant trait evolution can alter coastal wetland resilience to sea level rise
Authors: Vahsen M. L. , Blum M. J. , Megonigal J. P. , Emrich S. J. , Holmquist J. R. , Stiller B. , Todd-Brown K. E. O. , McLachlan J. S.
Published: January 2023

Rapid evolution remains a largely unrecognized factor in models that forecast the fate of ecosystems under scenarios of global change. In this work, we quantified the roles of heritable variation in plant traits and of trait evolution in explaining variability in forecasts of the state of coastal wetland ecosystems. A common garden study of genotypes of the dominant sedge
Schoenoplectus americanus
, “resurrected” from time-stratified seed banks, revealed that heritable variation and evolution explained key ecosystem attributes such as the allocation and distribution of belowground biomass. Incorporating heritable trait variation and evolution into an ecosystem model altered predictions of carbon accumulation and soil surface accretion (a determinant of marsh resilience to sea level rise), demonstrating the importance of accounting for evolutionary processes when forecasting ecosystem dynamics.
Truchet-tile structure of a topologically aperiodic metal–organic framework
Authors: Meekel Emily G. , Schmidt Ella M. , Cameron Lisa J. , Dharma A. David , Windsor Hunter J. , Duyker Samuel G. , Minelli Arianna , Pope Tom , Lepore Giovanni Orazio , Slater Ben , Kepert Cameron J. , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: January 2023

When tiles decorated to lower their symmetry are joined together, they can form aperiodic and labyrinthine patterns. Such Truchet tilings offer an efficient mechanism of visual data storage related to that used in barcodes and QR codes. We show that the crystalline metal–organic framework [OZn
4
][1,3-benzenedicarboxylate]
3
(TRUMOF-1) is an atomic-scale realization of a complex three-dimensional Truchet tiling. Its crystal structure consists of a periodically arranged assembly of identical zinc-containing clusters connected uniformly in a well-defined but disordered fashion to give a topologically aperiodic microporous network. We suggest that this unusual structure emerges as a consequence of geometric frustration in the chemical building units from which it is assembled.
Response to comment on “Interspecific competition limits bird species’ ranges on tropical mountains”
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. , Strimas-Mackey Matthew , Miller Eliot T.
Published: January 2023

Xing
et al.
(

1

) create new variables and fit models to argue against the hypothesis that interspecific competition shapes species’ elevational ranges. However, their key newly created variable is best interpreted as a proxy for the important variable of the interspecific competition hypothesis. Thus, their reanalysis uncovers the patterns we already described that are consistent with the interspecific competition hypothesis.
A vaccine sanctuary in the lymph node
Authors: Kalia Anurag , Hickman Heather D.
Published: January 2023

B cell follicles in the lymph node protect vaccines to enhance immune responses
Neurons share an intense load
Authors: Martin Paul R.
Published: January 2023

Time-of-day–detecting cells in the eye give customized responses to light intensity
A population pessimist turns 90
Life: A Journey Through Science and Politics
Paul R. Ehrlich
Yale University Press, 2023. 408 pp.
Authors: Gleick Peter
Published: January 2023

Paul Ehrlich reflects on life, love, and the science and politics of the human predicament
Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse
Authors: Goodrum Felicia , Lowen Anice C. , Lakdawala Seema , Alwine James , Casadevall Arturo , Imperiale Michael J. , Atwood Walter , Avgousti Daphne , Baines Joel , Banfield Bruce , Banks Lawrence , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita , Bhattacharya Deepta , Blanco-Melo Daniel , Bloom David , Boon Adrianus , Boulant Steeve , Brandt Curtis , Broadbent Andrew , Brooke Christopher , Cameron Craig , Campos Samuel , Caposio Patrizia , Chan Gary , Cliffe Anna , Coffin John , Collins Kathleen , Damania Blossom , Daugherty Matthew , Debbink Kari , DeCaprio James , Dermody Terence , Dikeakos Jimmy , DiMaio Daniel , Dinglasan Rhoel , Duprex W. Paul , Dutch Rebecca , Elde Nels , Emerman Michael , Enquist Lynn , Fane Bentley , Fernandez-Sesma Ana , Flenniken Michelle , Frappier Lori , Frieman Matthew , Frueh Klaus , Gack Michaela , Gaglia Marta , Gallagher Tom , Galloway Denise , García-Sastre Adolfo , Geballe Adam , Glaunsinger Britt , Goff Stephen , Greninger Alexander , Hancock Meaghan , Harris Eva , Heaton Nicholas , Heise Mark , Heldwein Ekaterina , Hogue Brenda , Horner Stacy , Hutchinson Edward , Hyser Joseph , Jackson William , Kalejta Robert , Kamil Jeremy , Karst Stephanie , Kirchhoff Frank , Knipe David , Kowalik Timothy , Lagunoff Michael , Laimins Laimonis , Langlois Ryan , Lauring Adam , Lee Benhur , Leib David , Liu Shan-Lu , Longnecker Richard , Lopez Carolina , Luftig Micah , Lund Jennifer , Manicassamy Balaji , McFadden Grant , McIntosh Michael , Mehle Andrew , Miller W. Allen , Mohr Ian , Moody Cary , Moorman Nathaniel , Moscona Anne , Mounce Bryan , Munger Joshua , Münger Karl , Murphy Eain , Naghavi Mojgan , Nelson Jay , Neufeldt Christopher , Nikolich Janko , O'Connor Christine , Ono Akira , Orenstein Walter , Ornelles David , Ou Jing-hsiung , Parker John , Parrish Colin , Pekosz Andrew , Pellett Philip , Pfeiffer Julie , Plemper Richard , Polyak Stephen , Purdy John , Pyeon Dohun , Quinones-Mateu Miguel , Renne Rolf , Rice Charles , Schoggins John , Roller Richard , Russell Charles , Sandri-Goldin Rozanne , Sapp Martin , Schang Luis , Schmid Scott , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Semler Bert , Shenk Thomas , Silvestri Guido , Simon Viviana , Smith Gregory , Smith Jason , Spindler Katherine , Stanifer Megan , Subbarao Kanta , Sundquist Wesley , Suthar Mehul , Sutton Troy , Tai Andrew , Tarakanova Vera , tenOever Benjamin , Tibbetts Scott , Tompkins Stephen , Toth Zsolt , van Doorslaer Koenraad , Vignuzzi Marco , Wallace Nicholas , Walsh Derek , Weekes Michael , Weinberg Jason , Weitzman Matthew , Weller Sandra , Whelan Sean , White Elizabeth , Williams Bryan , Wobus Christiane , Wong Scott , Yurochko Andrew
Published: January 2023

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals.
Supplemental Material: Unravelling biotic versus abiotic processes in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts
Authors: Laurent Dimitri , al. et
Published: January 2023

Details of sampling, cave morphology and minerals, extended description of the data and methods, the data table of isotopic analyses, and details on the CO2 budget calculation. 
Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer
Authors: Bari Elia , Ferrera Francesca , Altosole Tiziana , Perteghella Sara , Mauri Pierluigi , Rossi Rossana , Passignani Giulia , Mastracci Luca , Galati Martina , Astone Giuseppina Iliana , Mastrogiacomo Maddalena , Castagnola Patrizio , Fenoglio Daniela , Di Silvestre Dario , Torre Maria Luisa , Filaci Gilberto
Published: January 2023

Background

The current challenge for immunotherapies is to generate effective antitumor immunity. Since tumor immune escape mechanisms do not impact pre-existing and consolidated immune responses, we tested the hypothesis of redirecting a pregenerated immunity to cancer: to recall a non-tumor antigen response against the tumor, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been selected as ‘Trojan-horse’ carriers, promoting the antigen uptake by the tumor cells.

Methods

SFNs have been loaded with either ovalbumin (OVA) or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) as antigen or adjuvant, respectively. In vitro uptake of SFNs by tumor (B16/F10 melanoma and MB49 bladder cancer) or dendritic cells, as well as the presence of OVA-specific T cells in splenic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, were assessed by cytometric analyses. Proof-of-concept of in vivo efficacy was achieved in an OVA-hyperimmune B16/F10 murine melanoma model: SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG were injected, separately or in association, into the subcutaneous peritumoral area. Cancer dimensions/survival time were monitored, while, at the molecular level, system biology approaches based on graph theory and experimental proteomic data were performed.

Results

SFNs were efficiently in vitro uptaken by cancer and dendritic cells. In vivo peritumor administration of SFNs-OVA redirected OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells intratumorally. Proteomics and systems biology showed that peritumoral treatment with either SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG dramatically modified tumor microenvironment with respect to the control (CTR), mainly involving functional modules and hubs related to angiogenesis, inflammatory mediators, immune function, T complex and serpins expression, redox homeostasis, and energetic metabolism. Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG significantly delayed melanoma growth/survival time, and their effect was additive.

Conclusions

Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG induce effective anticancer response through complementary mechanisms and show the efficacy of an innovative active immunotherapy approach based on the redirection of pre-existing immunity against cancer cells. This approach could be universally applied for solid cancer treatments if translated into the clinic using re-call antigens of childhood vaccination.
Delayed radiation myelopathy: a case and treatment algorithm proposal
Authors: Beltran María X , SantaCruz Juan G , Blackburn Natalia , Santoyo Barco Maria Fernanda , Moyano Jairo R
Published: January 2023

Delayed radiation myelopathy is a rare but severe complication that causes progressive and irreversible patient deterioration. Although it is an exclusion diagnosis, there are factors associated with radiation doses and administration areas that may reduce the risk of its incidence. To date, there is no known first-line and effective treatment available to alleviate the symptoms
Palliative care and COVID-19: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bernardis Alessandra , Gonzalez-Jaramillo Valentina , Ebneter Andreas S , Eychmüller Steffen
Published: January 2023

Objective

To assess the impact of COVID-19 on the palliative care (PC) publication trend in the last 10 years and the collaboration between countries and main topics that were discussed in the papers.

Methods

We used Scopus to identify publications on PC between 2012 and 2021 and publications about PC and COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021. We used VOSviewer to assess the main topics using the keywords from the papers and to assess country collaboration.

Results

1937 publications resulted. An increase in publications about PC was observed during the pandemic, only partially explained by OVID-19-related publications. Cancer-related PC publications were the ones with the most marked increase. We identified six clusters in the distribution of the keywords: bioethics, cancer, nursing home/telemedicine, public health, caring and PC following the WHO definition. The countries with higher number of publications were the United States and England.

Conclusion

We showed an increase in the number of PC publications in the last 2 years that was only partially explained by COVID-19-related publications. Most of the publications increase was due to cancer-related publications, since, during the time of the pandemic, publications on cancer and PC increased markedly, while those on heart failure, lung disease and dementia, remained constant.
AAC Douglas oat
Authors: Mitchell Fetch J.W. , Nilsen K.T. , Ames N. , Fetch T.G. , McCartney C. , Menzies J. , Wang X. , Burt A. , Kumar S. , Green D. , Stewart K. , Yan W. , Dyck W. , Hamilton K.D.
Published: January 2023

AAC Douglas is a white-hulled spring oat ( Avena sativa L.) cultivar, with superior grain-yield potential in the western Canadian oat production areas, yielding 3.5% higher than Summit. AAC Douglas was registered for commercial production in Canada (Reg. No. 8950) on 21 February 2020. AAC Douglas has high protein (5% higher significantly ( P = 0.05) than AC Morgan) and beta-glucan content (10.6% higher than the nearest check, Summit), making it attractive for milling purposes. AAC Douglas is resistant to loose smut and covered smut, with moderately resistant to intermediate reactions to other diseases encountered in western Canada.
Testing and improving the performance of protein thermostability predictors for the engineering of cellulases
Authors: Dotsenko Anna , Denisenko Jury , Osipov Dmitrii , Rozhkova Aleksandra , Zorov Ivan , Sinitsyn Arkady
Published: January 2023

Thermostability of cellulases can be increased through amino acid substitutions and by protein engineering with predictors of protein thermostability. We have carried out a systematic analysis of the performance of 18 predictors for the engineering of cellulases. The predictors were PoPMuSiC, HoTMuSiC, I-Mutant 2.0, I-Mutant Suite, PremPS, Hotspot, Maestroweb, DynaMut, ENCoM ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], mCSM, SDM, DUET, RosettaDesign, Cupsat (thermal and denaturant approaches), ConSurf, and Voronoia. The highest values of accuracy, F-measure, and MCC were obtained for DynaMut, SDM, RosettaDesign, and PremPS. A combination of the predictors provided an improvement in the performance. F-measure and MCC were improved by 14% and 28%, respectively. Accuracy and sensitivity were also improved by 9% and 20%, respectively, compared to the maximal values of single predictors. The reported values of the performance of the predictors and their combination may aid research in the engineering of thermostable cellulases as well as the further development of thermostability predictors.
Numerical study of chronic hepatitis B infection using Marchuk–Petrov model
Authors: Khristichenko Michael , Nechepurenko Yuri , Grebennikov Dmitry , Bocharov Gennady
Published: January 2023

In this work, we briefly describe our technology developed for computing periodic solutions of time-delay systems and discuss the results of computing periodic solutions for the Marchuk–Petrov model with parameter values, corresponding to hepatitis B infection. We identified the regions in the model parameter space in which an oscillatory dynamics in the form of periodic solutions exists. The respective solutions can be interpreted as active forms of chronic hepatitis B. The period and amplitude of oscillatory solutions were traced along the parameter determining the efficacy of antigen presentation by macrophages for T- and B-lymphocytes in the model.. The oscillatory regimes are characterized by enhanced destruction of hepatocytes as a consequence of immunopathology and temporal reduction of viral load to values which can be a prerequisite of spontaneous recovery observed in chronic HBV infection. Our study presents a first step in a systematic analysis of the chronic HBV infection using Marchuk–Petrov model of antiviral immune response.