bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing crop productivity by CRISPR-mediated genetic improvement of root architecture: a focus on phytohormones
Authors: Kořínková Nikola , Fontana Irene Maria , Nguyen Thu , Pouramini Pouneh , Bergougnoux Véronique , Hensel Goetz
Published: October 2021

Food security is one of the main topics of today’s agriculture
especially facing challenging environmental conditions. As most
humankind has a daily intake of cereal grains, current breeding programs
focus on these crop plants. Within the breeders’ toolbox, customised
endonucleases became included after this universal application had been
demonstrated. Due to technological restrictions, the main focus was on
aboveground plant organs, while the essential belowground has been given
only limited attention. In the present review, we summarise the
knowledge on the root system architecture in cereals, the importance of
phytohormones in this physiological process, and the molecular
mechanisms involved. The review summarises how the use of the CRISPR
methodology can improve the root system architecture to enhance crop
production genetically. Finally, future research directions involving
all this knowledge and technical advances are suggested.
Fatigue Damage Detection and Risk Assessment via Wavelet Transform and Neural Network Analysis of Ultrasonic Signals
Authors: ALQAHTANI HASSAN
Published: October 2021

This paper develops a data-driven autonomous method for detection of
fatigue damage and classification of the associated damage risk in
mechanical structures, based on ultrasonic signal energy. The underlying
concept is built upon attenuation of the signal and stability of the
attenuation process. The attenuation provides pertinent information for
damage quantification, whereas the stability represents resistance
towards the fatigue damage growth. The proposed neural network (NN)
model has been trained using the scaled conjugate-gradient
back-propagation method. The NN model is capable of damage detection and
damage classification into five classes of increasing risk. The
Daubechies wavelet transform has been used to reduce the noisy pattern
of the ultrasonic signal energy by using the associated approximation
coefficients. The results show that the proposed method of approximation
signal energy can detect and classify the damage with an accuracy of up
to ∼ 9 8 . 5 % .
Multiple Keratoacanthoma Centrifugum Marginatum in a Patient with Primary Myelofibrosis: A Case Report with Dermoscopic Findings
Authors: Żychowska Magdalena , Muda-Urban Joanna , Jaworecka Kamila , Kaznowska Ewa , Reich Adam
Published: October 2021

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: from clinical characteristics to genetic aspects
Authors: Kwon Ahreum , Kim Ho-Seong
Published: October 2021

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder caused by a deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CHH is characterized by delayed puberty and/or infertility; this is because GnRH is the main component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is a key factor in pubertal development and reproductive function completion. However, since the development of sexual characteristics and reproduction begins in the prenatal period and is very complex and delicate, the clinical characteristics and involved genes are very diverse. In particular, the HPG axis is activated three times in a lifetime, and the symptoms and biochemical findings of CHH vary by period. In addition, related genes also vary according to the formation and activation process of the HPG axis. In this review, the clinical characteristics and treatment of CHH according to HPG axis activation and different developmental periods are reviewed, and the related genes are summarized according to their pathological mechanisms.
Genetic etiologies of central precocious puberty
Authors: Lee Hae Sang
Published: October 2021

Pubertal onset is a complex process, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In addition, the timing of normal puberty varies between individuals and is a highly polygenic trait with both rare and common variants. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Genetic factors are suggested to account for 50% to 80% of the variation in puberty initiation, as indicated by the greater concordance of pubertal timing observed in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Although genetic factors play a crucial role in CPP development, only few associated genes have been identified. To date, four monogenic genes have been identified: KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3, and DLK1. Moreover, mutation prevalence in these genes varies considerably depending on the ethnicity of patients with CPP. This article reviews the current knowledge on the normal pubertal timing and physiology and discusses the CPP-causing genes.
A case study investigation into a children’s rights approach to health services
Authors:   , Chamberlain Rhian
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this thesis is to contribute knowledge regarding what should be involved in a children’s rights approach (CRA) to health services in the Welsh context and to develop tools to monitor the implementation of such an approach using Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board (ABMU) as a case study. There is no agreed model for a human rights approach, a children’s rights approach, human rights approach to health or indeed a CRA to health services. This thesis begins with an examination of the conceptual literature and the international human rights treaty system to determine what should be included in a CRA to health services. It considers what are the barriers and also the mechanisms that support a CRA to health services’ implementation in practice and reviews devolved health policy and the agenda for children’s rights in Wales. From this analysis it develops a conceptual framework and monitoring tools to test a health authority’s institutional approach to implementing a CRA in the Welsh context. Using ABMU Health Board as the case study it demonstrates how tools were developed to gain a baseline understanding of how far a CRA had been embedded in ABMU health services and what strategies were required to make a CRA fully operational. The monitoring tools are determined to be effective, non-resource intensive methods that can be used to test a health board’s progress on implementing a CRA. The thesis presents opportunities for critical reflections regarding how to better embed and implement a CRA to health services and recommendations regarding future research.
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Bubuk Kopi Arabika Menggunakan Metode Arrhenius dengan Kemasan Aluminium Foil dan Plastik (Polipropilen)
Authors: Novita Elida , Purbasari Dian , Mubarok M. Syahrul Munir
Published: October 2021

The storage method is one way to maintain coffee quality. Storage with aluminum foil and plastic (PP) packaging is an effective and safe technology to protect coffee grounds. Specialty coffee powder cannot be accepted if the organoleptic score is below 80, for that it is necessary to estimate the shelf life. This study aims to analyze the quality degradation of Bondowoso arabica coffee powder based on specialty standards using the SCAA protocol during storage with aluminum foil packaging and compare it with plastic packaging (PP) and estimated the shelf life of Bondowoso arabica ground coffee products based on flavor value parameters using the arrhenius method. Coffee powder quality degradation with plastic packaging (PP) is faster than aluminum foil packaging. This is because plastic packaging on the fourth day with a temperature of 40°C is not meet specialty standards. The greater the temperature used, the greater the decrease in quality. The shelf life of coffee powder uses aluminum foil packaging, which is 3 days at 40°C, 2 days at 50°C, and 1.3 days at 60°C. Whereas with plastic packaging (PP), the shelf life is shorter, which is 2 days at 40°C, 1.2 days at 50°C and 1 day at 60°C. Keyword: accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT), aluminum foil, arabica coffee, packaging, shelf
Pengaruh Geometri Gerigi dan Kecepatan Putar Terhadap Kinerja Mesin Parut Sagu Tipe Silinder
Authors: Darma Darma , Reniana Reniana , Santoso Budi , Waromi Jhonson
Published: October 2021

Sago rasping machine or sago rasper is the most commonly used in sago processing both for small and large scale. It function is to reduce the size or to disintegrate sago pith into smaller particle.  By doing so, the starch contained in the pith can be separated in the subsequent process.  The amount of starch resulted depend on the size of rasped pith.  The smaller the pith is rasped the higher the starch can be extracted.  The purpose of this research was to test the effect of teeth geometrical shape and cylinder rotation speed on performance of sago rasping machine. There are four type of teeth geometrical shape namely cylinder, pyramid, screw, and cube and three levels of cylinder rotation speed they are 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm and 2500 rpm were tested. Results showed that the rasping capacity was affected significantly by the two single factors as well as its interaction of teeth geometrical shape and cylinder rotation speed. Similarly, starch yield and starch losses in waste were significantly affected by teeth geometrical shape.  Meanwhile, starch yield and starch losses in waste were not affected significantly by cylinder rotation speed and the interaction of the two factors. The best performance was resulted at the treatment of teeth geometrical shape of screw with the speed of cylinder rotation 2500 rpm.  The  performances at the treatment were: (a) rasping capacity was 918 kg/h, (b) starch yield was 48%, (wb), (c) starch loss in waste was15.1%.Keywords:  cylinder type, rasping performance, sago rasping machine, teeth geometry
Spray nozzle on the gas injector of the internal combustion engine
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Penkin A. L. , Metlyakova S. A. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: October 2021

The design of the nozzle on the gas injector for gas and gas-diesel engines with distributed and phased gas supply is proposed to increase the uniformity of the gas-air mixture entering the engine cylinders during the intake process. A method for calculating the flow capacity of the nozzle through the pressure drop is given, which adequately assesses the effect of the nozzle design on the gas supply conditions, which will allow adjusting the settings of the gas fuel supply system in a real engine.
Systematization of factors affecting the functioningof the housing and communal services` sphere
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kuralov S. P.
Published: October 2021

The article systematizes the factors affecting the functioning of the housing and communal services` sphere (HCS), such as economic, technical, informational, institutional factors, the influence of which is negative; and factors described from the standpoint of the competition theory positively characterizing the sphere of housing and communal services. The complexity of carrying out activities is combined with a high proportion of schedulability and forecastability. Competition among companies is possible, but most likely it can be about their competitive advantages based on innovative technologies, or competitive advantages, which will be based on a more rational use of available resources in the implementation of economic activities.
About inhumane architecture and architectural education
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Slavina T. A.
Published: October 2021

Architecture as a profession inherently implies the highest degree of social responsibility, for not only the material component of human life is dependent on the architect`s work, but also, in no less degree, the psychological health of people. Architecture as art satisfies people`s natural existential urge, communicating in its own language the harmony and constancy of the universe, which is reflected in the world's architectural heritage. For centuries, architectural education was based on the inheritance of past experience. In the XX century, the concepts of the Avant-garde became the basis of education, and that was a painful and dangerous deviation, which has led to the crisis of architecture. According to the author, a throwback to the old methods of design based of the cultural heritage principles is needed.
Organizational and process design solutions for erecting sports facilities
Authors:   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yurgaytis A. Yu. , Zheltaya A. O. ,   National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
Published: October 2021

Currently, special attention is given to the construction of sports facilities. In the context of the trend of development of high-performance sports and increasing the availability of mass amateur sports, a significant number of objects of appropriate functional purpose have been built recently: ski trails, stadiums, bicycle paths, reservoirs. A special place in this nomenclature is occupied by large-span stadiums with their complex and architecturally expressive forms. Modern sports facilities are built according to complex projects; engineers do their best to design the most convenient conditions for sports activities striving to make each facility meet its operational purpose, while being architecturally beautiful and unique. Sometimes, organizational and process design solutions are developed individually, because technical standard framework does not provide necessary data, in particular, the standard time duration of roofing process, which requires expert-based set of norms. The paper analyzes the experience of Russia and several foreign countries on trial organizational and process design of roofing process at sports facilities. As a result of the research, a flow chart has been drawn up for making a plan of the construction of a sports facility, taking into account the decomposition of works according to the degree of their typing in terms of standards of technical rate setting. These developments allow improving the methods of organizational and technological design, taking into account the introduction of algorithmic presentation schemes for the design process of organizational and technological solutions to optimize the development of options for the construction of large-span objects, including on the basis of experimental data and statistics on the construction of similar structural elements.
Improving the cold-resisting properties of gypsum building materials and products
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Mokrova M. V.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the data of experimental studies on the development of compositions of porous gypsum materials using gas-forming substances and modifying micro-additives. The cold-resisting characteristics of samples differing in composition and density have been determined. The obtained characteristics correspond to the requirements of the standard for gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs intended for wall structures. Conclusions are made about the effectiveness and prospects of using gypsum-based cellular building materials for the manufacture of wall structures.
Routing algorithms in the road transport system
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Andreev A. Yu. , Egorov V. D. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Terent'ev A. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes standard algorithms and the software based on them intended for determining the optimal routes of cargo movement in road transport systems. It is revealed that the current issue of routing is the solution of the optimization problem according to several efficiency criteria, one of which is the reduction of computational procedures. An original solution to this problem is proposed.
Braking tests of tires on rolled snow covering in winter
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Gladushevskiy I. S.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the research results of deceleration of category M1 vehicles in winter season under conditions of negative ambient air temperature of -15 ± 0.5 ºC, on rolled snow, using the BRAKE TESTER model LWS-2/MC decelerometer. Using the values obtained as a result of the experimental research, the adhesion coefficients of vehicles for the given covering are derived, taking into account design features.
Digital diagnostics of assessing social risk with killed at single-level road intersections in Russia
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Plotnikov A. M. , Gurin D. O. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vasyukhin M. R. ,   Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems RUS, JSC
Published: October 2021

The performers of the federal project «Road Safety» and the national project «Safe and High-Quality Highways» are offered an effective, digital technology necessary to achieve the targets of «social risk» with numbers of killed as a result of road accidents by 2024 per 100 thousand people, on the example of St. Petersburg. This technology uses a tool for diagnostic assessment of road safety at single-level road intersections with a mechanism for visualizing the causes of conflict situations in the wayside crosses of traffic and pedestrian flows that cause accidents.
Methodology for assessing availability and user demand for public urban passenger transport stops when developing transport planning documents
Authors:   Pacific National University, Pugachev I. N. , Shcheglov V. I. ,   Pacific National University, Klimenkova A. O. ,   Pacific National University
Published: October 2021

The paper describes a method of visual assessment of the availability of public passenger transport stops in accordance with SP (construction norms) 42.13330.2016. A method for mathematical modeling of user demand for public passenger transport stops using the Voronoi diagram is proposed and described.
Problems of the Arctic Construction: Trends and Prospects
Authors:   Norilsk State Industrial Institute, Belyaev I. S.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the regional features and tendencies of construction organizations` development in conditions of the Arctic. A new classification of factors affecting the complexity of the work of construction organizations operating in the Arctic is proposed. As the analysis result, there have been identified development trends of construction organizations operating in the Arctic. This will allow improving the accuracy of forecasting the construction sector development in the Russian Arctic.
Customs aspects in reducing logistics costs in organization of international transportation
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Pletneva N. G. , Blazhenkova T. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: October 2021

The paper discusses the possibilities of reducing logistics costs in international transportation in modern conditions. The importance of cost reduction through the study of the aspects and features of the EAEU customs legislation by specialists and managers of the logistics sector is emphasized.
Estimation of the residual resource of wooden structures by the changes of the cross section geometric parameters
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Korolkov D. I.
Published: October 2021

In this article, the author proposes a method for assessing the residual resource of wooden structures by changes taking place in their geometric parameters. A general formula for estimating the service limit of the wooden structures is presented. Then, a number of special cases are considered when calculating the service limit for the first group of limiting states. As a result, formulas have been derived for calculating the service limit for various design cases, namely, centrally tensioned, centrally compressed members, members under bending, members subjected to the axial force with bending. The author considers the determination of the rate of geometric parameters change at the macro-level (visually observed changes) and micro-level (micro-cracks, breaks of bonds between atoms). Formulas for determining the rate of change of geometric parameters at the macro and micro levels are proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are highlighted, and the scope of its application is indicated.
Evaluation of the security of the calculation resultsof the load-bearing capacity for the normal cross-section of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements using a nonlinear deformation model under the action of freezing and thawing cycles
Authors:   Kostroma State Agricultural Academy, Plyusnin M. G.
Published: October 2021

As a result of numerical modeling using the probabilistic method, there has been estimated the security of the results of calculating the load-bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete elements with symmetrical reinforcement along the normal cross-section, taking into account the effects of freezing and thawing cycles (FTC). The distributions of the strength and deformation concrete characteristics used in the probabilistic calculation are formed on the basis of the results of experimental studies. It is shown that the security of the results of calculations of the load-bearing capacity under eccentrical compression according to the nonlinear deformation model in accordance with the current norms depends on the eccentricity of the longitudinal force and the reinforcement center. The author has substantiated that the decrease in the load-bearing capacity for the normal cross-section regarding the studied elements under the action of the FTC is maximal at small eccentricities and not significant at large eccentricities of the longitudinal force, and it depends on the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement.
Numerical modeling of the process of high-frequency vibration extraction of sheet piles in conditions of water-saturated dusty-sandy and silt-loam soil
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Polunin V. M. , Lobov I. K. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Gurskiy A. V. ,   LLC «PKTI Foundation-test»
Published: October 2021

The most common excavation walls are sheet piles, which are often sunk by vibration machines. In conditions of big thickness of water-saturated dispersed soils, one of the regulated safety criteria for the use of dynamic technology is the magnitude of soil vibrations and the structures that come to be located in the influence zone. The article presents the measured vibrations of the soil near the pile space in the process of vibration extraction of sheet piles. A characteristic oscillogram of vibration velocity with the characteristic stages of work production is added. Spectral analysis of the impact was performed to assess the prevailing frequency of the impact. The description of the process of numerical simulation of vibration extraction of a pile is given. As for the simulation results, there were obtained calculated oscillograms of the sheet piles located at 1.4 and 2.8 m distance from the sheet pile, and the influence zone was estimated. The calculated data obtained were compared with the results of field experiments.
Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the sheet pile wall breaking during vibration extraction of sheet piles
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Polunin V. M.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of evaluating the effectiveness of breaking the sheet pile wall during vibration extraction of sheet piles. There have been carried out numerous measurements of the sheet pile wall vibrations, surrounding soil massif, foundations of the adjoining structure. The observation results have shown that the overall level of dynamic impact has significantly decreased in comparison with the closed wall. The zone of propagation of vibrations along a closed wall has been determined. The results of numerical modeling are presented. Comparison of the building vibrations for the case of «non-open» and «open wall» are made. Recommendations are given on the technological sequence of sheet pile extraction.
Speed factor in the road safety system
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Golov E. V.
Published: October 2021

The article examines various factors affecting the accident rate in road transport and studies in detail the consequences of exceeding the established speed limit. Based on the statistics of road accidents and calculations made, the level and severity of the consequences caused by the violation of the speed limit by the driver is established.
The impact of human resources on the developmentof the construction organizations` competitiveness in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors:   «SBD» Ltd, Krishtal V. V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the impact of the human recourses` potential on the competitiveness of construction organizations, taking into account the specifics of the Arctic zone where they are operating. It is revealed what kind of problems the construction companies have to deal with, and in what way various factors affect the competitiveness level of the companies operating in the Arctic. The author describes some problems associated with educating and providing specialists for the Arctic zone construction organizations and offers recommendations that could help to improve this situation.
The architecture of modern mosques in Egypt as a subject of critical analysis
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Munir Issa Rahaf , Zhukova T. F. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the architecture of modern mosques in Egypt as an object of critical analysis. It provides a summary of the historical development of the architectural type of the mosque in Egypt starting from the emergence of Islam up to the end of the XIX century. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the modern architectural morphogenesis starting from the beginning of the XX century up to the present time when liberal politics allows the architect`s interpretation of the original provisions of the traditional Islamic religious architecture. The article provides an overview of architectural structures, namely, the mosques built in Egypt in the last century, and provides an analytical comparison of modern compositions with traditional architectural schemes.
1736-1740-s: new vector of St. Petersburg development
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Molotkova E. G.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the functional zoning of the territory of the Admiralteisky Island in St. Petersburg, which had been formed by the beginning of the 1730-s. The evolution of the living environment of sailors and shipyard workers, which was located on both banks of the Moyka River in St. Petersburg, is considered, and the indicators of the urban development compaction taking place during the indicated period are highlighted. The circumstances of the alteration of the urbanization process strategy, which manifested itself in the second half of the 1730-s, are considered. The author emphasizes the fundamental difference between the concept of the times of Peter the Great and the new trend, when artistic and emotional criteria acquired a decisive importance. There are revealed social and economic foundations of forming the system of urban morphotypes. This system has become a tool for the reconstruction of the existing residential area and a means of rational development of new space. The land use system (regulation of the size of parcels) and the alteration in the transport and planning frame (changing of the street route) are proposed to be considered the key tools for the large-scale de-compaction of inhabited districts. The high rates of urban planning transformations of this time and their radical nature are emphasized. A cluster approach to the use of territorial resources and the formation of buildings on the outskirts of the city (late 1730-s - early 1740-s) is noted. A similarity with the modern practice of locating isolated residential complexes in remote areas is shown. It is recommended to take into account the experience of integrating clusters into the urban environment that started to be practiced in the second half of the XVIII century.
Temperature distribution based on fire resistance tests in fiberglass reinforced concrete beams
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Begunova N. V. , Vozmishchev V. N. ,   OОO «KomAR»
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of the study on the temperature distribution in fiberglass reinforced concrete beams produced by the KomAR in accordance with TU 2296-001-24488682-2014, on the basis of fire tests conducted in the test laboratory and test center for fire safety at the FGBU VNIIPO of EMERCOM of Russia. The value of the coefficient of working conditions of fiberglass rebar γ st is determined by analogy with SP 27.13330.2017 «Concrete and reinforced concrete structures designed to work in conditions of exposure to elevated and high temperatures», depending on the temperature.
Comparison analysis of using micrometers and strain gauges for measuring deformations and loads in the method of monitoring the stress-strain state
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Lobovskiy M. O. , Tukkiya A. L. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Pyatkin P. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: October 2021

The micrometer method for measuring deformations and loads in bar elements has proved to be effective not only in laboratory tests, but also in field tests on a real construction site. Having carried out a comparative analysis of the method proposed by the authors for monitoring the stress-strain state (SSS) with the strain gauge method which is widely used at present, the authors have proved that the method for measuring deformations and loads using a micrometer is not inferior in accuracy to the strain gauge method, although it is much cheaper.
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS BASED ON CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY IN ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT
Authors: Hapsari Nuril Maulidya , Halang Bunda , Mahrudin Mahrudin
Published: October 2021

One of the learning tools that need to be developed, so that the objectives of the 2013 curriculum are achieved, one of which is the Student Worksheet. The Student Worksheet is one of the learning media that can help students to be more active in constructing their knowledge according to the demands of the curriculum. Critical thinking is the ability to give reasons in an organized manner, and evaluate the quality of a reason systematically. The ability to think critically can help the problem-solving process, simplify work, and be able to determine the relationship of something to another more accurately. This study aims to produce high school Biology worksheets based on valid critical thinking skills on Ecosystem material. This development uses the Tessmer design, which consists of (1) self-evaluation stages, (2) expert reviews, and (3) individual tests. Validation was carried out by 3 experts (2 lecturers and 1 teacher). The results showed that the product validity has a valid category, with an overall average of 3.58 declared valid, and based on expert tests it has a content practicality category with an average of 3.85, declared good.
THE DEVELOPMENT HANDOUT Nypa fruticans Wurmb. (Nipah) IN MANGROVE AREA COASTAL OF SUNGAI RASAU AS ENHANCEMENT FOR BIODIVERSITY CONCEPT IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Maulida Riski , Hardiansyah Hardiansyah , Mahrudin Mahrudin
Published: October 2021

Handouts are part of learning resources with all forms of material used to assist educators in carrying out learning activities. The development of locally based teaching materials is carried out to improve student understanding and learning outcomes. One of the environmental uses is to assess the local potential in the school environment. The diversity of plants in the mangrove area is quite large and one of them is Nipah. The research and development aim to analyze the development of the Wurmb Nypa fruticans Handout. (Nipah) in the Sungai Rasau Mangrove Area as an ingredient for enriching biodiversity for high school students. The development model uses Tessmer (1998) to the stage of self-evaluation and expert review. The research and development method used the development steps of the handout, the data analysis of the validity of the Nypa fruticans Wurmb plant handout. by using the validity score formula which includes 3 aspects of feasibility, namely aspects of content feasibility, presentation feasibility and language assessment. The results of the assessment of the validity of the handouts that were developed were stated to be very valid by obtaining an average score on the aspect of content feasibility, namely 91.20%, the average score in the aspect of feasibility of presentation was 95%, and the average score on the aspect of language assessment was 88.46% so that the handouts that have been developed can be used as material for enriching the concept of Biodiversity in SMA.
URGENCY ANALYSIS OF STUDENT WORKSHEET DEVELOPMENT CONTAINED 4C SKILLS IN BIOLOGY SUBJECT
Authors: Hanivah Hanivah , Fitri Rahmadhani , Alfi Prima Yarni
Published: October 2021

The 2013 curriculum encourages students to have critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration, and communication skills (4C). For this reason, teaching materials are needed in accordance with the demands of the 2013 Curriculum such as Student Worksheets (LKPD). The purpose of this study was to find data at the defining stage of the 4C-skilled LKPD. The data collection technique was observation, interviews and questionnaires to teachers and students of SMA 1 Kec. Gunuang Omeh. The results showed that the teaching materials available in SMA 1 Kec. Gunuang Omeh and has used the 2013 Curriculum, but the LKPD used is only made with the Subject Teacher Session. LKPD made by MGMP. From the results of the curriculum analysis, the school has implemented the 2013 curriculum, but in its implementation it has not been maximal in prioritizing student-centered learning processes. Based on interviews with teachers, it was found that the problem in the learning process was that teachers were not used to developing 4C skills in students. As many as 70% of teachers use printed book teaching materials in the learning process, 10% use LKPD that do not meet the 4C skill criteria. Based on the results of interviews by students that 93% of students strongly agree with the development of 4C skills-oriented LKPD. Therefore, the development of a 4C skill-oriented LKPD is needed.
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT WORKSHEETS WITH 4C SKILL-ORIENTED IN BIOLOGY SUBJECT (DEFINE PHASE IN SECOND GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL)
Authors: Nowita Inneke Putri , Fitri Rahmadhani , Lolita Yossi
Published: October 2021

Industrial revolution 4.0 or also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). In facing the 4.0 revolution, someone must have skills, these skills are known as the 4Cs of 21st century learning, namely: communication, collaboration, critical thinking and problem solving, as well as creativity and innovation. These skills can penetrate the teaching and learning process, namely using teaching materials. Teaching materials that are often used are student worksheets. 4C skills can improve the activities that are on student worksheets. This study aims to determine and define the requirements needed in learning with content competence (KI), basic competence (KD), and learning materials according to the 2013 curriculum content standards. This type of research is a four-D model development research, but in This research only reaches the define stage. The subjects of this study were 60 students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Batusangkar. The results showed that developing student worksheets (LKPD) oriented 4C skills in class X semester 1 subjects.
NEED ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA WITH ESQ NUANCE AS SUPLEMENT IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Alfajri Khalif , Ardi Ardi , Selaras Ganda Hijrah , Irdawati Irdawati , Alberida Heffi , Sasmeri Sasmeri
Published: October 2021

The 2013 curriculum encourages students to be more active and independent when getting information about learning materials. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to increase students' learning motivation, one of which is by developing learning media that can attract students' learning interest. The purpose of this study was to see the needs of students for learning media with ESQ nuances about bacteria as a supplement to biology teaching materials for class X science SMAN 2 Payakumbuh. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The method used to collect data was done through distributing questionnaires to class XII students and interviewing two teachers, namely a biology teacher and an Islamic religious education teacher. In addition, the daily test results obtained by students were also used as data in this study. The results of the study revealed that students had difficulty in understanding biology learning about bacterial material due to the difficulty of observing micro learning objects plus less supportive learning media where the images on the learning media were of very low quality and colorless. This results in a lack of student motivation in participating in the learning process. For that we need a learning media that is easy to understand and has high quality images so that it can be studied independently by students.
ANALYSIS CORRELATION BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND COMPETENCE OF BIOLOGY IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Hayati Miftahul , Rahmi Yosi Laila , Sigit Diana Vivanti
Published: October 2021

The problem that is often faced in the learning process is the low learning competence obtained by students. One of the factors that influence students' learning competence is self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and Biology learning competence of students in class XI MIPA SMAN 1 Hiliran Gumanti. The method used is descriptive correlation using the Spearman rank formula. The results showed that there was a correlation between self-efficacy and Biology learning competence of students with a value of r=0.477 and tcount which was 3.4321 which was greater than t table, which was 2.0218. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant and positive relationship between self-efficacy and Biology learning competence of students in class XI MIPA SMAN 1 Hiliran Gumanti.
VALIDITY OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA BASED ON ADOBE FLASH IN EXCRETORY SYSTEM MATERIAL FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Ersinta Anita Juni , Ardi Ardi , Mailizarni Mailizarni
Published: October 2021

Excretory system material is a classified as difficult to understand by studenst because the material is still abstract, all proscesses that cannot be seen directly because they are in the human body. The limitations if learning media at SMAN 8 Padang have not supported learning on ecxcretory system material. The solution to this problem is to make interactive multimedia. This study is purpose to produce learning media products in the form of interactive multimedia based on practical on excretory system material for class XI students of SMAN 8 Padang. This type of research is research and development (R&D) research with using the 4D Model. The subject of this research was two lecturer Jurusan Biology FMIPA UNP and one teacher of SMAN 8 Padang and thirty the XI grade students of SMAN 8 Padang. The result of validation shows an average value of 91,77% with a very valid category. Based on this, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia developed is valid.
ANALYSIS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ NEEDS FOR INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA MADE USING ADOBE FLASH CS6 ABOUT VIRUS MATERIAL
Authors: Pangestu Tria Febrianti , Ristiono Ristiono , Prihartini Novia Sari
Published: October 2021

Virus material is material that is difficult for students to understand, so it requires media that can clarify virus material. The solution to this problem is to create interactive learning media. This study aims to see the needs of students for interactive learning media based on Adobe Flash CS6 about virus material for class X students of SMAN 6 Bataghari. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The method used to collect data was done through distributing online questionnaires to class X students and interviewing one biology teacher. The results of the study revealed that students had difficulties in understanding biology learning on viral material due to the abstract material and the lack of learning media that attracted students' attention and interest in learning. In addition, students considered the media used by the previous teacher to be monotonous and less attractive. Therefore, we need an interactive learning media that can help students to understand the learning material.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSITIVITY SYSTEM IN MEMOIRS WRITTEN BY EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Wahyuni Riyan , Hamzah Hamzah , Wahyuni Delvi
Published: October 2021

Although there have been many studies about the language style of the writer in many kinds of writing, but there are few studies found in analyzing language style towards EFL students’ writing. This study is intended to investigate stylistics of EFL students writing. The purpose of this study is to identify the linguistic choices by investigating transitivity system of process types, participants, and circumtantial elements that characterize EFL student’s writing in memoirs. The analysis in this study is based on Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2004) theory of ideational metafunction. This research used descriptive method. The data consist of 950 clauses that were obtained from 15 texts of memoir written by English Department student of State University of Padang in West Sumatera. The finding shows the students’ texts consist of processes, participants and circumstantial elements which fulfill the linguistic features in carrying meaning. The study has found that material process (338 data) is placed as the most dominant process types found in student’s writing. Then participant of human (916 data) is found as the most dominant one in student’s writing. And for circumstantial element, the circumstance of location (183) is found with the highest percentage in student’s memoir.
SPEAKING BACK TO EUROPEAN’S IDEA OF GREATNESS IN THE MOOR’S ACCOUNT (2014) BY LAILA LALAMI
Authors: Wahyuni Indah Sri , Anwar Desvalini
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this analysis is to expose the issue of speaking back to European’s idea of greatness which is done by a Moorish slave.Fictional devices such ascharacter, plot (conflict), and setting are used to analyze this novel. The analysis is done through text and context-based interpretation. This study relates to the concept of orientalism and otherness by Edward W.Said. The result of this study shows the character succeeds to speak back to European’s idea of greatness by showing his dignity and his high intelligence.
An Analysis of the Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Messages in WhatsApp Group Chats Done By Nk Students of English Department of Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Chesca Ramel Nadia , Jufri Jufri , Saun Saunir
Published: October 2021

Language is the oldest tool of communication which already exists from the first time humans were created. The use of language, at first and with the simplest form, is the form of nonverbal, which is language of symbol, sign, body language, face expression, and gesture forms. However, the study of language as a field of linguistics is the language in the form of words, or can be called as academic language. But, even academic language also has errors in their written conversation. Even less, these errors are done by the academic people itself. Based on the analysis of the data, it can be seen that there are 6 types of conversations occur in WhatsApp Group Chats “SASING UNP” and has 24% of error from total data that analysed was 118 utterances. However, another result of this research proved the hypothesis of researcher, which the dominant conversation happened, was used both verbal and nonverbal.
ELIMINATING SEGREGATION IN SHARON M. DRAPER’S NOVEL “STELLA BY STARLIGHT” (2015)
Authors: Khelly Suci Mei , Syafei An Fauzia Rozani
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this analysis is to expose the issue of eliminating segregation which is done by an 11-year-old girl and to know the contribution of the setting, plot and character in revealing the eliminating segregation. This analysis is related to the concept of life instincts by Sigmund Freud, the concept of self-determination by Ryan and Deci, that is supported by the text and context based interpretation. The result of this analysis shows the protagonist to eliminate the segregation by changing mindset and having good behaviour.
Authoritarian Leadership in Collaborators by John Hodge 2011
Authors: Syafitri Nia Arista , Al-Hafizh Muhd.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this analysis is to expose the issue of authoritarian leadership and to know the contribution of the character, setting and stage direction in revealing the meaning of authoritarian leadership. This analysis is related to the concept of Power and Country by Niccolo Machiavelli that is supported by the text and context based interpretation. The result of this analysis shows that the strategies in maintaining the power legitimacy done by a state leader can be seen through performing autocracy and personality cult.
WRESTLING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN THE NOVEL CHALLENGER DEEP (2015) BY NEAL SHUSTERMAN
Authors: Elqayyimah Rasyidah , Syafei An Fauzia Rozani
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this analysis is to expose the issue about wrestling with schizophrenia which is done by protagonist and to know the contribution of setting, character and plot in revealing the issue about wrestling with schizophrenia. This analysis is related to the medical theory of schizophrenia and the concept of id, ego, and superego by Sigmund Freud. This analysis is supported by the text and context based interpretation. The result of this analysis shows the protagonist succeeds in wrestling with schizophrenia through self-controlling and socializing with others.
Phonological System of Muarasipongi Creole
Authors: Hidayat Husnil , Jufrizal Jufrizal
Published: October 2021

As a result of language contact, creole is a language phenomena which must be investigated by linguists. This research investigated the phonological system of Muarasipongi creole. The aim of the research was to identify the phonemes and determine the distribution of phonemes. Descriptive-qualitative method was used in conducting the research. Based on the findings, there are 37 phonemes found in  Muarasipongi Creole. The phonemes are /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /ʧ/, /ʤ/, /k/, /g/, /?/, /h/, /s/, /ʃ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /l/, /w/, /j/. /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/, /æ/, /ai/, /ua/, /uo/, /ou/, /oi/, /au/, /ei/, /iu/, /ui/, /ae/, and /ia/. In term of phoneme distribution, Muarasipongi creole have variation. The consonants have variation in distribution. Moreover, vowels are complete distribution except phoneme /æ/. Furhermore, none of diphthongs have complete distribution.