bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome and safety of prolonged bedaquiline treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Guglielmetti Lorenzo , Jaspard Marie , Le Dû Damien , Lachâtre Marie , Marigot-Outtandy Dhiba , Bernard Christine , Veziris Nicolas , Robert Jérôme , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Caumes Eric , Fréchet-Jachym Mathilde
Published: February 2017

Bedaquiline, a recently approved drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is recommended for a duration of 24 weeks. There are scarce data on patients treated with this drug outside clinical trials.

All MDR-TB patients who started treatment from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 and received ≥30 days of bedaquiline were included in a multicentre observational cohort.

Among 45 MDR-TB patients, 53% harboured isolates resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectables, and 38% harboured isolates resistant to one of these drug classes. Median bedaquiline treatment duration was 361 days and 33 patients (73%) received prolonged (>190 days) bedaquiline treatment. Overall, 36 patients (80%) had favourable outcome, five were lost to follow-up, three died, and one failed and acquired bedaquiline resistance. No cases of recurrence were reported. Severe and serious adverse events were recorded in 60% and 18% of patients, respectively. Values of Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) >500 ms were recorded in 11% of patients, but neither arrhythmias nor symptomatic cardiac side-effects occurred. Bedaquiline was discontinued in three patients following QTcF prolongation. No significant differences in outcomes or adverse events rates were observed between patients receiving standard and prolonged bedaquiline treatment.

Bedaquiline-containing regimens achieved favourable outcomes in a large proportion of patients. Prolonged bedaquiline treatment was overall well tolerated in this cohort.
Prior host-country work experience and immigrant labor market outcomes: evidence from Canada
Authors: Pandey Manish , Townsend James
Published: February 2017

Recent changes to immigration selection policies favor skilled workers with prior work experience in the immigrant host country. Using unique administrative tax data for Canada, we estimate earnings equations to quantify the difference in earnings of immigrants with prior Canadian experience (prefilers) and those without prior experience (non-prefilers). We find that, relative to non-prefilers, entry earnings are higher for prefilers and, for male immigrants, this earnings advantage persists for at least 20 years after arrival. We show that the primary source of the higher entry earnings of prefilers is a higher return to foreign experience. In addition, the prefiler earnings advantage is largest for university graduates and the return to foreign experience is higher for prefilers from Western countries than those from the rest of the world. Our findings suggest that a move towards an immigrant selection system which uses previous host-country work experience as a criterion will improve the labor market performance of immigrants.
An exact solution for the transient electromagnetic field around a finite-length transmitter
Authors: Flekkøy Eirik G. , Carneiro Marcus Vicinius
Published: February 2017

We obtain the exact, closed-form solutions for the electromagnetic field around a finite-length transmitter in a conducting homogeneous whole space. The field is obtained for the two cases following after the transmitter is turned on or off. The electric field solution is obtained by direct integration of the source currents along with the Green’s function of the diffusion equation, and the magnetic field is obtained by the direct integration of Ampere’s law.
Corporate social responsibility and strategy in the aerospace industry: the case of CSeries at Bombardier
Authors: Marconatto Diego Antonio , Cruz Luciano Barin
Published: February 2017

This real-life case addresses the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and competition in the setting of a global company. It focuses on how a corporation may manage its CSR policies in order to gain competitive advantage in a cutthroat market. In order to illustrate this reality, we present the strategic dilemma from the point of view of the CSR manager of Bombardier – a Canadian multinacional company that manufactures aircrafts and trains – regarding the decision of whether to adopt a competitive or a collaborative approach towards the main competitors in the aerospace industry.
Um show de cacau
Authors: Rezende José Francisco , Mello Simone
Published: February 2017

O caso de ensino apresenta a trajetória de Alexandre Tadeu da Costa e da chocolateria Cacau Show. Seu objetivo é levar os estudantes a identificar alternativas e tomar decisões sobre posicionamento para continuidade do desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas, sustentação de competência logística e possíveis abordagens ao mercado externo.
Το τέλος της λογοτεχνίας στις αρχές της νέας χιλιετίας
Authors: Δημητρούλια Τιτίκα
Published: February 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Οι συγκρίσεις οδηγούν στο τέλος της λογοτεχνίας;
Authors: Σιαφλέκης Ζ. Ι.
Published: February 2017

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη.
Genre categories and interdiscursivity in Alkaios and archaic Greece
Authors: Yatromanolakis Dimitrios
Published: February 2017

Η μεθοδολογική και θεωρητική προσέγγιση που προτείνεται σε αυτό το άρθρο στοχεύει σε μια συστηματική και συγχρονική διερεύνηση των ειδολογικών κατηγοριών στις μελικές ποιητικές συνθέσεις της αρχαϊκής περιόδου μέσα στα εκάστοτε κοινωνικοπολιτικά και τελεστικά τους πλαίσια, καθώς και υπό το φως συγκριτικών ανθρωπολογικών μελετών. Έμφαση δίδεται στην πολιτική ρητορική και στη διαλεκτική ειδολογικών συστημάτων λόγου στα αποσπάσματα του Αλκαίου.
Η πρόσληψη των ιδεών του Friedrich Nietzsche στο έργο του Thomas Mann και του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη
Authors: Πετροπούλου Εύη
Published: February 2017

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη
International postmodernism. Theory and literary practice. Edited by Hans Bertens and Douwe Fokkema. John Benjamins Publishing company, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, 1997, σελ. 581.
Authors: Σιαφλέκης Ζ.
Published: February 2017

No abstract available
Το διήγημα στην ελληνική και στις ξένες λογοτεχνίες: Θεωρία - Γραφή - Πρόσληψη, επιμέλεια - εισαγωγή Ελένη Πολίτου-Μαρμαρινού, Σοφία Ντενίση
Authors: Αγγελάτος Δημήτρης , Πάτσιου Βίκυ , Ζήρας Αλέξης , Ντενίση Σοφία
Published: February 2017

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη
Η πρώτη νεοελληνική μετάφραση του Βοκκάκιου ο Θησεύς και οι γάμοι Αιμιλίας (1340-1370) μια υπόθεση για τη χρονολόγηση
Authors: Cappellaro Elena
Published: February 2017

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη.
Leopardi, Καζαντζάκης και το ταξίδι του Χριστόφορου Κολόμβου
Authors: Μπιντούδης Χρήστος
Published: February 2017

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη.
I removed the mist that clouded your eyes: Supernatural vision from Homer to Sikelianos
Authors: Paschalis Michael
Published: February 2017

Στη ραψωδία Ε της Ιλιάδας ο Διομήδης ζητά τη βοήθεια της Αθηνάς για να εντοπίσει και να σκοτώσει τον Πάνδαρο που τον λάβωσε. Η θεά τού κάνει ένα απρόσμενο δώρο: «Απομάκρυνα» του λέει «από τα μάτια σου την αχλύ, για να μπορείς να ξεχωρίζεις [στο πεδίο της μάχης] το θεό από το θνητό» (αχλυν δ' αύ τοι απ' όφθαλμών έλον η πριν έπήεν, οφρ' ευ γιγνώσκης ήμέν θεόν ήδέ και άνδρα). Χάρη στην ικανότητα που αποκτά ο ήρωας σκοτώνει τον Πάνδαρο και συγκρούεται με τους θεούς, λαβώνοντας και αυτόν ακόμα τον Άρη, το θεό του πολέμου. Η δυνατότητα που έδωσε η Αθηνά στον Διομήδη να αποκτήσει υπερφυσική όραση με την απομάκρυνση της «αχλύος» από τα μάτια του αποτελεί πρωτοφανή περίπτωση στα ομηρικά έπη, που τράβηξε την προσοχή σχολιαστών, φιλοσόφων, ποιητών και πεζογράφων από την αρχαιότητα μέχρι τον 20ό αιώνα. Το παρόν μελέτημα παρουσιάζει και συζητά εν συντομία κομβικές στιγμές της υποδοχής της ομηρικής σκηνής και συναφείς περιπτώσεις υπερφυσικής όρασης σε αρχαία και νεότερα κείμενα από τον Όμηρο μέχρι τον Σικελιανό.
Υπαρξισμός και Καβάφης στην υπερκειμενική ποίηση της υπόστασης της Ζωής Καρέλλη
Authors: Καρατάσου Κατερίνα
Published: February 2017

Δε διατίθεται περίληψη.
Treatment of chronic ulcers
Authors: Aschermann I. , Mnich Ch.D. , Busch Ch.
Published: February 2017

Chronic ulcers (CUs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality with increasing prevalence, in part due to the ageing population, and an increase of risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. CUs are caused by numerous diseases including venous dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, infections, peripheral neuropathy, pressure, and atherosclerosis. The current standard therapy for CUs includes compression, surgical débridement, infection control, and adequate wound dressings. As a high percentage of CUs do not adequately heal or quickly relapse with standard treatments, additional therapeutic approaches are pursued, termed “advanced wound care therapies”. Here, an overview on commonly applied therapies lacking significant evidence for wound healing is reviewed, followed by therapies with significant evidence supporting the routine use in the treatment of CUs, and a short outlook in a possible future wound treatment landscape.

To give a résumé, the presented literature reveals that most of the commonly applied topical and advanced ulcer treatments largely lack solid scientific evidence for the induction or acceleration of wound healing. Surprisingly only “classical” treatments such as wound cleansing, débridement and compression have significant evidence. Novel approaches such as bilayered skin reconstructs, cell suspensions or extracorporal shock waves seem promising. Considering the increasing number of ulcer patients, there is a strong need for further basic research to fully understand all factors involved in wound development and healing of the various ulcer pathophysiologies, and the urgent need for prospective clinical trials comparing the various treatment options.
Large vein reconstructions in the endovascular era
Authors: Gloviczki P.
Published: February 2017

Max Ratschow was a remarkable physician and an international authority in the field of angiology and the Ratschow lectureship helps to fulfill this pioneer’s life purpose: to advance evaluation and treatment of vascular diseases. The 2017 Max Ratschow lecture covers some recent advances and controversies in venous diseases. Phlebology, once a neglected field of angiology, is a discipline that has been in constant progress during the past decades. Endovascular techniques revolutionized treatment of patients with large vein obstruction and provided safe, minimally invasive procedures with excellent long term results. Attention now need to focus on comparative studies to provide scientific evidence of efficacy of venous angioplasty and stenting with properly organized randomized controlled trials. Further attempts are needed to develop special venous stents and to decrease thrombotic complications and formation of pseudointima that cause in-stent restenosis. Open and hybrid reconstructions are safe and durable, but the number of procedures in general is small and special training and expertise for reconstructive venous surgery is recommended. Autologous vein should be used for infrainguinal reconstructions and for treatment of unilateral iliac vein obstruction with a femoro-femoral cross-over bypass (Palma procedure). IVC and iliac vein reconstructions with ePTFE grafts provide superb result in patients who need excision of malignant tumors invading large veins. Open and hybrid reconstructions are here to stay and they remain excellent options for those patients who are unsuitable for or fail endovascular repair.
Asset Pricing with Spatial Interaction
Authors: Kou Steven , Peng Xianhua , Zhong Haowen
Published: February 2017

We propose a spatial capital asset pricing model and a spatial arbitrage pricing theory (S-APT) that extend the classical asset pricing models by incorporating spatial interaction. We then apply the S-APT to study the comovements of eurozone stock indices (by extending the Fama–French factor model to regional stock indices) and the futures contracts on S&P/Case–Shiller Home Price Indices; in both cases, spatial interaction is significant and plays an important role in explaining cross-sectional correlation.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2627 .

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
A Model of Product Design and Information Disclosure Investments
Authors: Markopoulos Panos M. , Hosanagar Kartik
Published: February 2017

New technologies such as product simulators and virtual reality now allow firms to provide realistic product usage experiences and reduce buyer uncertainty about product quality. We argue that today’s firms should view product design and investments to reduce buyer uncertainty as an integrated process, which is in turn influenced by how much information buyers can obtain from third-party infomediaries. We introduce a game-theoretic model of a competitive market where both quality production and quality disclosure are endogenous decisions, affected by information made available by third parties. We show that quality investment under uncertainty never exceeds the level of quality investment under perfect information. Furthermore, we show that information availability by third parties allows firms to free ride, and it especially favors lower quality firms, who can reduce their information disclosure investments more so than higher-quality firms. Finally, we show that the intuitive argument that firms must improve their product quality when overall information availability in the market improves does not always hold. Instead, improved information availability may enable firms to reduce their quality in some situations.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2634 .

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Mutual and Exclusive: Dyadic Sources of Trust in Interorganizational Exchange
Authors: McEvily Bill , Zaheer Akbar , Kamal Darcy K. Fudge
Published: February 2017

Trust in interfirm exchange has traditionally been treated as mutually held and jointly determined by the two parties in a relationship. Yet, the expectations of exchange partners can, and routinely do, differ with respect to the goals, preferences, and vulnerabilities in their shared relationship. To account for such differences in expectations, we propose a broadened conceptualization of the sources of interorganizational trust as dyadic. Viewing the sources of trust as dyadic expands the conventional focus on mutual elements to further emphasize exclusive features of an exchange relationship. To substantiate our theory, we examine a key source of interorganizational trust, exchange hazards, and assess the extent to which its effects vary as a function of (1) the locus of exchange hazards (own versus other) in the dyad, (2) the degree of power imbalance in the dyad, and (3) each party’s power position in the dyad. To assess the validity of our claims, we devise a matched dyad research design and collect identical information from both buyers and suppliers in a given exchange relationship. Based on our results, we make three unique observations consistent with the notion of dyadic sources of trust. First, the same exchange hazards have contrasting effects on trust (enhancing versus diminishing) across the dyad. Second, the degree of power imbalance has opposing effects across the dyad. Third, the relative significance of partners’ exchange hazards varies based on their respective power positions.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2016.1102
A Reintegração de Crianças-Soldado em Serra Leoa | The Reintegration of former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone
Authors: Affonso Luiza Bizzo
Published: February 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a reintegração das ex-crianças-soldado à vida civil, tendo como exemplo ilustrativo Serra Leoa. Analisa-se se os programas de libertação e reintegração para ex-crianças-soldado, em Serra Leoa, pode ser considerado um exemplo de sucesso. Observa-se que, embora a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e suas agências percebam Serra Leoa como um sucesso na reintegração de jovens e crianças, a literatura e algumas Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), que atuaram no país, percebem falhas nesse processo.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the reintegration of former-child-soldiers to the civilian life in Sierra Leone. Then, liberation and reintegration programs for former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone are discussed so as to check if the they can be considered a case of success. Despite the fact that the United Nations (ONU) and its agencies see Sierra Leone as a case of success in the reintegration of youngsters and children, literature and some Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) which have acted there notice flaws in this process.Palavras-chave: Criança-soldado; DDR; Serra Leoa. Keywords: Child-soldier; DDR; Sierra Leone.DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.25025Recebido em 08 de Agosto de 2016 | Aceito em 29 de Novembro de 2016Received on August 08, 2016 | Accepted on November 29, 2016
The appendix: a spectrum of benign and malignant disease
Authors: Lord Christopher , Broadhurst Jack , Sleight Simon , McGee Shaun , Wills Mark
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the radiological appearances and subsequent management of a diverse spectrum of benign and malignant appendiceal pathologies, including those masquerading as acute appendicitis.
Are we happy with Progress 8?
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: February 2017

Is Progress 8 a better way of ranking schools? As the dust settles, Dr Bernard Trafford offers his view
Getting back control
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: February 2017

With recent research suggesting that many teens don't feel in control of their lives, Karen Sullivan continues her discussion on what role schools can play to reverse this trend
Teaching a creativity-based skill through self-pacing
Authors: Dobolyi Kinga , Amman Paul , Kauffman Chris , Lester Jamie , Praphamontripong Upsorn , Rangwala Huzefa , Setia Sanjeev , Wang Pearl
Published: February 2017

Learning a creativity-based skill like programming requires practice and dedication. In “traditional” programming courses, instructors spend most of their time lecturing to large groups of students, with little class time to spend on active exercises or personal interaction. Students are not in control of the content delivery or its pacing, nor is it effectively communicated that practice is needed to master programming. Moreover, most practice is individual and graded strictly, meaning students suffer heavy penalties for minor slips while learning or collaborating. This past year we experimented with a self-paced version of introductory programming, where students spend class time working on problems in small groups at their own pace. Learning is intentional because students take responsibility for their learning, rather than waiting for the instructor. Our pass rates in the course improved by 25% with these modifications. This design could be adapted to other disciplines.  We propose to demonstrate our innovations by leading the audience in a simulation of our self-paced, active learning, class by teaching the 'students' to solve a simple puzzle. Members of our instructional team will play the role of teaching assistants, who offer peer learning opportunities in our classrooms. Like students, the audience will have varying levels of previous exposure to these puzzles, so they will move through the exercises at their own pace. We will demonstrate how faculty can use immediate automated feedback, asynchronous online content, individual assessments with the ability to test up to five times, interventions, peer-learning, and mini-lectures to allow students to learn new skills at their own pace.  Suggestions for adapting this to other disciplines will also be discussed.
Teaching scientific communication using infographics
Authors: Jones Rebecca M
Published: February 2017

Undergraduate students need to develop the ability to communicate scientific ideas to both their peers and the public. Often senior level chemistry classes focus on written and sometimes oral communication methods, such as reports and presentations. These traditional methods of dissemination are valuable, but often inaccessible to non-scientists. Information graphics or infographics are examples of visual communication and have become increasingly common in recent years. In a senior-level inorganic chemistry course at George Mason University, students created information graphics or infographics to communicate a scientific idea of interest to them. This flexible project required students to think creatively about unfamiliar elements and concepts. The details of the assignment, its assessment, and the student products will be presented in this poster. Recommendations for changes and future implementation by other educators will be discussed.
Opinions of teachers and students on free dress code applications
Authors: Bağçeci Birsen , Günen Deliçay Fethiye , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to assess free dress code in schools from the perspective of students and teachers. Some high schools and secondary schools in Kilis and Gaziantep were chosen via stratified sampling and categorized based on socio-economic levels. Data were collected from 500 students chosen from 10 high schools and 15 secondary schools and 25 teachers. A scale and a questionnaire were used for collecting data from the students while a semi-structured interview form was designed for collecting data from the teachers. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, survey model was employed as a quantitative method, and case study design was employed as a qualitative method. Based on some common views expressed by the students in the present study, it can be said that the decision on the implementation of free dress code has resulted in security gap in schools, increased school expenses, and possibly has had impacts on attendance-absence in schools in addition to psychological and socio-economical impacts. The teachers, on the other hand, think in general that the decision on the implementation of free dress code in schools is not an effective application.
Deep eutectic solvents as versatile media for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials
Authors: Lee Jae-Seung
Published: February 2017

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed 15 years ago and have been used for various purposes based on their unique chemical and physical properties. Recently, they have been highlighted as versatile media for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials. Although there are a few limitations, their vast chemical library of hydrogen bond donors and excellent solubility show great potential for their future applications for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles.
Time course effect of lipopolysaccharide on Toll-like receptors expression and steroidogenesis in the Chinese goose ovary
Authors: Ying ShiJia , Guo JiaJia , Dai ZiChun , Zhu HuanXi , Yu JianNing , Ma WeiMing , Li JiaYi , Akhtar Muhammad Faheem , Shi ZhenDan
Published: February 2017

The ovary of Chinese goose is easily infected by microorganisms because of the mating behaviour in water, which causes decreased laying performance. This study investigated the time course effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the steroidogenesis and mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of key pattern recognition receptor, in the breeding goose ovary. The laying geese were treated intravenously with LPS for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h, and all birds were slaughtered approximately 8 h after oviposition. The expression levels of TLRs in the white and yellowish follicles, and granulosa and theca layers of hierarchical follicles were examined by real-time PCR. All 10 members of avian TLR family were differentially expressed among the different follicular tissues. Moreover, at 24 and 36 h after LPS treatment, the hierarchical follicle morphological structure was altered, but the expression levels of TLRs were still higher than the control. Furthermore, during LPS treatment period, the expression pattern of TLRs 2A and 4 genes was similar to that of TLR15 in the white follicles, TLRs 1B, 5 and 15 in the yellowish follicles, TLRs 7 and 15 in the granulosa layer, and TLRs 1A, 2B, 3, 7 and 15 in the theca layer, which had a negative correlation with the kinetics of plasma P4 and E2 concentrations. In conclusion, the mechanism by which pathogen infection inhibited goose follicular growth and further decreased egg production may involve a gradually enhanced inflammatory response and reduced endocrine function. This may be due to stimulated TLRs in the ovary.
Persistencia cuentística de Sergio Ramírez (Persistence of the Short Story in Sergio Ramírez)
Authors: Burgos Fernando
Published: February 2017

Este estudio establece en primer lugar los factores estéticos por los cuales la extensa trayectoria de la obra cuentística de Sergio Ramírez ha constituido una aportación innovadora en las letras hispanoamericanas. Enseguida se procede a un análisis sociocultural del cuento «Charles Atlas también muere» concentrado en su crítica a la mercantilización del cuerpo humano. Esta aproximación dilucida sobre la función artística de constituyentes históricos y fetiches socioculturales así como sobre las fraudulentas redes engendradas por las manipulaciones de los símbolos del capital y su devenir espectral.This study discusses, in the first place, the artistic factors expounding the innovative contribution of the short story production by Sergio Ramírez in Latin America. The second part of this study is a sociocultural analysis of the story “Charles Atlas also dies” focusing on his critique of the commodification of the human body. This approach involves elucidating the artistic function of historical components and sociocultural fetishes as well as the fraudulent networks generated by the manipulations of the symbols of capital and its spectral becoming.
ASPEK BIOLOGI, PEMANFAATAN, DAN STATUS KONSERVASI IKAN PARI AIR TAWAR (Himantura oxyrhyncha)
Authors: Dharmadi Dharmadi , Fahmi Zulkarnaen
Published: February 2017

Ikan pari air tawar (Himantura oxyrhyncha) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting. Salah satu jenis ikan pari air tawar yang sampai saat ini masih dieksploitasi adalah Himantura oxyrhyncha. Jenis ikan pari ini habitatnya di sekitar muara sungai yang berhubungan dengan Sungai Kapuas pada kedalaman 1-3 m. Himantura oxyrhyncha merupakan spesies sasaran tangkapan dari alat tangkap jaring pukat mini yang beroperasi di sekitar SungaiKapuas, Kalimantan Barat. Spesies ini dimanfaatkan sebagai ikan hias dan dapat diekspor ke mancanegara. Status konservasi dalam daftar merah yang dikeluarkan IUCN termasuk dalam kategori spesies yang rawan mengalami kepunahan. Sedangkan di Indonesia meskipun belum menjadi catatan sebagai spesies yang rawan tetapi harus menjadi perhatian serius, mengingat populasinya diduga sudah menurun.
SUMBER DAYA RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) DI PERAIRAN TANGERANG
Authors: Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Wagiyo Karsono
Published: February 2017

Dalam skala internasional, rajungan merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor terbesar setelah ikan tuna dan udang, namun di Indonesia upaya eksploitasi usaha penangkapan rajungan secara komersial belum terlalu berkembang. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai sumber daya rajungan di perairan Tangerang pada bulan Maret-Oktober 2008. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan bubu lipat rajungan di perairan Tangerang berkisar antara 0,8-11,0 kg/kapal/trip/hari dengan rata-rata 4,19 kg/kapal/trip/hari, sedangkan jaring kejer / jaring insang monofilamen berkisar antara 0,05-85 kg/kapal/trip/hari dengan rata-rata 4,14 kg/kapal/trip/hari. Musim penangkapan terjadi pada bulan Juli, dan produksi perikanan rajungan tahun 2001-2004 relatif stabil, namun tahun 2005mengalami penurunan. Nisbah kelamin rajungan jantan terhadap betina pada bulan Maret, April, Juli, dan Agustus individu jantan lebih dominan, sedangkan bulan Mei dan Juni individu betina yang lebih dominan. Panjang rajungan jantan berkisar antara 4,7-14,1 cm, sedangkan rajungan betina berkisar antara 5,1-13,6 cm dengan rata-rata 12,5 cm. Bulan April-Agustus 2008, modus ukuran panjang rajungan jantan dan betina tidak mengalami perubahan yaitu berkisar antara 8,1-9,5 cm, hanya bulan Maret yang sebaran ukuran panjangnya bergeser ke sebelah kanan yaitu pada ukuran 9,6-11,0 cm.Ukuran bobot rajungan jantan berkisar antara 8,7-125 g dengan rata-rata 44,42 g, sedangkan rajungan betina berkisar antara 28-115 g dengan rata-rata 51,76 g. Berdasarkan pada hubungan panjang bobot rajungan jantan dan betina, pola pertumbuhannya bersifat allometrik negatif.
HUBUNGAN PANJANG- BERAT, KEBIASAANMAKAN DAN KEMATANGANGONAD IKAN BILIH (Mystaecoleucus padangensis) DI DANAUTOBA, SUMATERAUTARA
Authors: Umar Chairulwan , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: February 2017

Ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker) diDanau Toba adalah jenis ikan introduksi dari Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat. Pada saat ini terdapat kecenderungan ukuran individu menurun, hal ini antara lain disebabkan oleh penangkapan yang intensif menggunakan alat tangkap bagan apung dengan ukuran mata jaring relatif kecil (< 1,25 inci). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat beberapa aspek biologi meliputi ukuran panjang dan bobot, kebiasaan makan, tingkat kematangan gonad dan fekunditasnya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hubungan panjang dan bobot individu bersifat allometrik positif dengan panjang total rata-rata 12,6 cmdan bobot rata-rata 19,8 g/ekor. Dari analisa lambung ikan bilih pemakan detritus (78,2 – 92,9 %), fitoplankton dan zooplankton sebagai pakan tambahan (4,9 – 11,5 %) serta seresah tumbuhan sebagai pakan pelengkap (1,9 – 1,8 %). Hasil pengamatan ikan bilih yang matang gonaddiperoleh nilai fekunditasnya rata-rata berkisar antara 5.262 – 16.117 butir telur. Hasil pengamatan TKG dan jumlah telur menunjukkan ikan bilih dapat bertelur danmemijah sepanjang tahun dan berkembang dengan baik sehingga ikan ini tetap lestari walaupun adanya eksploitasi yang cukup intensif. Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Bleeker) in Toba Lake was introduce from Singkarak Lake,West Sumatra. At present the growth was decreased, it caused by intensive fishing and the uses of lift net with small mesh size (under 1,25 inch). This research aims to know some biological aspects of bilih such as length - weight, relationship food habit, level of gonadal maturity, and fecundity. The results showed that growth pattern of bilih positive allometric with average length of about 12,6 cm and average weight of about 19,8 gr/each. Bilih detritus feeding (78,2 – 92,9%), phytoplankton and zooplankton as additional food (4,9 – 11,5%) and seresah tumbuhan as complement food (1,9 – 1,8%). Fecundity of ranged from 5.262 – 16.117. TKG observation and eggs gain showed that bilih could development and spawn in long years and growth well enough, so that bilih can stlll growth rapidly eventhough there is an exploitation.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIALDANTEMPORALPLANKTON DI PERAIRANTELUKTOMINI, SULAWESI
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Priatna Asep
Published: February 2017

Planktonmerupakan komponen penting dalamkehidupan akuatik karena fungsi biologisnya yang penting sebagaimata rantai paling dasar dalam rantai makanan dan merupakan organisme yang menduduki kunci utama di dalam ekosistem bahari. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulanMei, Juli, dan Nopember 2010 yangmewakili musimperalihan I, musim timur dan musim barat dengan tujuan mengetahui distribusi kelimpahan spasial dan temporal fitoplankton dan zooplankton di Teluk Tomini. Kelimpahan fitoplankton dan zooplankton tertinggi terdapat pada musim barat sebesar 177.666 sel/m3 dan 7.088 ind/m3, sedangkan terendah pada musim timur sebesar 4.878 sel/m3 dan 1.118 ind/ m3. Tingkat indek keaneka-ragaman (H) baik fitoplankton dan zooplankton sedang, indek keseragaman (E) rendah hingga sedang, dan tidak ditemukan jenis tertentu yang dominan. Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus, dan Rhizosolenia dari kelas Bacillariophyceae merupakan fitoplankton yangmempunyai frekuensi kehadiran yang tinggi, sedangkan Crustaceae merupakan zooplankton yang dominan. Konsentrasi sebaran terdapat dimulut teluk dan tersebar relatif sesuai dengan musim. Plankton plays important role in aquatic life due to its significant biological function as basic food chain in oceanic ecosystem. This studywas conducted on May, July, and November representing north-west monsoon, east monsoon, and west monsoon, respectively. The purposed of this study is to know the spatial and temporal distribution and the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton in Tomini Bay. Results showed that the highest abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 177.667 cell/m3 and 7.088 ind/m3 that appeared at north-west monsoon, while the lowest were 4.878 cell/m3 and 1.118 ind/m3 that shown in south-east monsoon. The diversity index (H) for both Phytoplankton and Zooplankton were in medium (1<H<3), while the eveness index (E) range from low (d”1) to medium. There were no dominance species found. However, Chaetoceros, Coscinodiscus and Rhizosolenia that representing Bacillariophyceae showed a high frequency of appearance, while Crustaceae group were the dominance of zooplankton. The distribution of plankton concentrated in the mouth of the bay and relatively distributed according to seasons.
KONDISI KUALITAS AIR HABITAT PESUT MAHAKAM (Orcaella brevirostris) DI WILAYAH DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI MAHAKAM, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Dharmadi Dharmadi , Nasution Syahroma Husni , Oktaviani Dian , Hartoto Dede Irving
Published: February 2017

Sungai Mahakam merupakan sungai terpanjang dan terbesar di Propinsi Kalimantan Timur dan menjadi habitat dari pesut (Orcaella brevirostris). Kondisi habitat diduga berkaitan dengan kecendrungan menurunnya populasi pesut, untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai kondisi kualitas air habitat pesut. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah daerah aliran Sungai Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur pada bulan Oktober 2004 dan Oktober 2005 yang mewakili musim kemarau (air rendah) serta bulan Desember 2005 yang mewakili musim hujan (air tinggi) di 5 stasiun. Parameter kualitas air terdiri atas parameter fisika dan kimia yang dikompositkan dari lapisan bawah sampai dengan permukaan menggunakan water quality checker Horiba U-10. Secara umum, tipe perairan tergolong eutrofik dengan kondisi kualitas air yang tergolong aman diperuntukkan bagi habitat pesut. Mahakam River is one of the longest and biggest river in East Kalimantan Province and becoming the habitat for Irrawady Dolphin, locally refers as Pesut (Orcaella brevirostris). It is important to understand about the condition of water quality that support the pesut habitat which has degradated. The sampling was conducted three times in Oktober 2004 and, October and December 2005 when it represented the low water and the high water condition’s respectivelly. At each sampling station physical and chemical parameters were analysed. Water samples were taken from each station as a composit samples taken from the bottom and surface layers and analysis was conducted using water quality checker Horiba U-10. In general, the locations of sampling station were classified as eutrophic water with most of the water quality would still meet the requirement for Irrawady Dolphin habitat.
STATUS PEMANFAATAN LABI-LABI (FAMILI: TRIONYCHIDAE) DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Oktaviani Dian , Samedi Samedi
Published: February 2017

Sumatera Selatan merupakan salah satu pemasok labi-labi (Testudines; Trionychidae) bagi pasar internasional, sedangkan informasi mengenai pemanfaatan sedikit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status pemanfaatan labi-labi (Testudines; Trionychidae) di Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian didasarkan pada data perdagangan sebagai bentuk pemanfatan yang dihubungkan dengan keberlanjutan spesies tersebut di alam. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui wawancara dengan penangkap dan penampung labi-labi (Testudines; Trionychidae) di Palembang dan sekitar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2006 – Februari 2007. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga spesies labi-labi yang dimanfaatkan sebagai komoditas perdagangan, yaitu Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770, Dogania subplana Geoffroy 1809, dan Pelochelys cantorii Gray 1864. Spesies dominan dimanfaatkan adalah A. cartilaginea (84,28%) yang masuk dalam daftar Appendiks II CITES. Penilaian Non Detrimental Findings (NDF) terhadap pemanfaatan A. cartilaginea mengindikasikan bahwa populasi spesies tersebut di alam terancam kerusakan. Pemecahan yang perlu dilakukan adalah penegakan hukum dan implementasi peraturan yang efektif. South Sumatra is one of the major sources of softshell turtle (Testudines; Trionychidae) in international trade, but the little information was available of local utilization. The study was conducted to fill such a gap, especially on the nature of the trade in relation to the sustainability of the population and trade of the species. The research was aimed to identify the level of local and international utilization in several species of soft shell fresh water turtles (Testudines; Trionychidae). The method applied in the research are interview with collectors and local traders located in Palembang and surrounding area. Data collection included field surveys and visits to collectors/traders undertaken fromFebruary 2006 to February 2007. The results showed that there were three species of Trionychidae in significant trade. These were Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert 1770, Dogania subplana Geoffroy 1809, and Pelochelys cantorii Gray 1864. It was also found that A. cartilaginea was dominant species compared with the other species, accounted for (84.28%). Following the inclusion of A. cartilaginea in CITES Appendix II determination of Non Detrimental Findings (NDF) was considered essential. It was indicated from the analysis that harvest and subsequent trade in A. cartilaginea population in South Sumatera showed a detrimental trend. One of the solutions is the implementation of effective law enforcement and regulation.
TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN IKAN LAYANG (Decapterus russelli dan Decapterus macrosoma) DARI PERAIRAN ZONA EKONOMI EKSLUSIF LAUT CINA SELATAN
Authors: Hariati Tuti , Wudianto Wudianto , Subagja Subagja
Published: February 2017

Untuk memperoleh dugaan tingkat pemanfaatan (E) dari 2 spesies ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan Decapterus macrosoma), telah dilakukan analisis terhadap 12 set data bulanan frekuensi panjang ke 2 spesies selama tahun 2003, 2004, dan 2005 dari 2 daerah penangkapan pukat cincin di perairan Laut Cina Selatan (perairan Natuna dan Anambas), yang diperoleh dari 3 lokasi pendaratan kapal pukat cincin. Analisis dimulai dengan pendugaan parameter pertumbuhan dan parameter kematian. Seluruh analisis dilakukan dengan paket program FiSAT, dengan pilihan model progression analysis (metode Bhatacharya dan Gulland & Holt Plot) dalam pendugaan parameter pertumbuhan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, kisaran E tiap tahun untuk Decapterus russelli di perairan Natuna 0,65 sampai dengan 0,67 dan di perairan Anambas 0,52 sampai dengan 0,54; untuk Decapterus macrosoma di perairan Natuna 0,65 sampai dengan 0,66 dan di perairan Anambas 0,60 sampai dengan 0,62. Tingkat pemanfaatan ke-2 spesies ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan Decapterus macrosoma) di perairan Laut Cina Selatan Indonesia selama tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005 sudah tinggi sehingga disarankan tidak dilakukan penambahan jumlah kapal pukat cincin yang diizinkan beroperasi di perairan Laut Cina Selatan Indonesia. To obtain the estimation of exploitation rates (E) of the two species of scads (Decapterus russelli and Decapterus macrosoma), the analysis on 12 sets of monthly length frequencies data of both species during years 2003, 2004, and 2005 from 2 fishing grounds in the South China Sea was conducted. The analysis is started by estimating growth and mortality parameters. Analysis was done using the FiSAT package program, with model progression analysis (Bhatacharya dan Gulland & Holt Plot methods). The results show that the exploitation rate of Decapterus russelli each year in the Natuna waters were 0.65 to 0.67, and in the Anambas waters were 0.52 to 0.54; for Decapterus macrosoma in the Natuna waters were 0.65 to 0.66 while in Anambas waters 0.60 to 0.62. The Evalues of both species of scad in the South China Sea of Indonesia during years 2003 to 2005 have already high. Therefore, it is suggested not to allow the addision the number of purse seiners operated in the South China Sea of Indonesia.
Decommunisation of the Public Space in Post–Euromaidan Ukraine
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Kozyrska Antonina
Published: February 2017

The problem of thorough and ultimate decommunisation in Ukraine got suddenly valid during Euromaidan on the turn of 2013/2014 and after its termination. It became a component of post–revolutionary reforms in the field of policy of memory. A year after Euromaidan Ukraine’s parliament adopted four “decommunisation laws” on 9 April 2015. One of them concerns the condemnation of the Communist regime and prohibition the propaganda of his symbols. The author analysed contents of the law and focused on the results of decommunisation, which included the cleansing the public space from Soviet–era legacy. Full implementation of the law was planned for the year. During this time the goal was almost fully implemented regarding the renaming of many locations and districts. The communist names of thousands streets, squares, urban districts were changed, although this process was delayed. The process of renaming of many institutions, industrial plants and press titles was very slow.
South African Post–Apartheid Transitional Remembrance Policy (1994–1999)
Authors:   War Studies University in Warsaw (Poland) & Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Stańco-Wawrzyńska Alicja , Wawrzyński Patryk ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) & WSB University in Bydgoszcz (Poland)
Published: February 2017

The paper presents results of the qualitative–to–quantitative narrative analysis of the transitional remembrance policy in South Africa during Nelson R. Mandela’s presidency. It refers to findings on the structure of political applications of historical interpretations to the issue of national identity reconstruction during democratisation. Therefore, the paper considers a degree in which remembrance story–telling was used to legitimise, justify, explain and promote the Rainbow Nation, the inclusive and non–racial vision of South Africa’s ’ideal self’ based on Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s theology of Ubuntu hoping. It investigated these relationships on eight levels – legitimisation of new elites, presence of former elites, transitional justice, social costs of transformations, promotion of new standards, the symbolic roles of democratisation, need for national unity and the new state’s identity in international politics. Moreover, the paper introduces a draft comparison with other cases of transitional remembrance policy – Chile, Estonia, Georgia, Poland and Spain – and it offers the structural model of the use of historical interpretations in South African transition, as well as discussing it with reference to the general model of the transitional remembrance policy.
The Role of NGOs in the Development of Societies and Overcoming the Consequences of Crises: Case Studies of Poland and Russia
Authors:   University of Warsaw (Poland), V. Kucheryavaya Elena
Published: February 2017

The aim of the article is to present the results of the research conducted by author in Poland and Russia last years, as well as to analyse the ways for improvement the situation in civil society in these countries. The author postulates the need of new understanding of the role of non–governmental organizations in times of crises, which happened in Europe and in the world in recent years (the world financial crisis, migration crisis, political crises in Poland and Russia, the crisis of European integration, etc.). Presented in this article research demonstrates, that mass–media, governments and ordinary people in Poland and Russia see the role of non–governmental organisations primarily in the social problems solving. Moreover, different other studies analysed in the article demonstrate the weakness of non–governmental sector and civil society in these countries. Author concludes that non–governmental organizations have to work in coalitions, because this way they can receive support from other institutions in the network and promote their activities on a larger scale. Networking, federations and coalitions of non–governmental organizations are the significant force in society. It is very important especially in a context of social development of Poland and Russia and overcoming the consequences of crises.
Peace Science: Orientation and Reorientation
Authors:   University of Vechta (Germany), Spiegel Egon , Liu Cheng ,   Nanjing University (China)
Published: February 2017

Peace is non–violence and there is only one way to achieve it: peace as structural and interpersonal non–violence. The daily non–violence is as instructive as the spectacular actions of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Peace education is better based on demonstration what we “can” than to postulate of what we should do. The Peace Studies prefer a resource–oriented approach to education instead of a deficit–oriented. Our central thesis is that the youth is living in a kind of transculturality, the best conditions for peacebuilding. Considering the increasing sensitivity we expected that latest in 2075 we will make the war a taboo. The central key to solve conflicts nonviolently is conflict transformation in trusting a spiritual third power in between the opponents, even secularized people. The peace education has to help us to discover the third in nonviolent activities. There is a lot of difficult issues that the non–violence has to reflect in future, including elimination of the extreme violence, reconciliation, an impact of economy, the peacebuilding’s relevance of structural measures.
Member States as Strategy–Maker or Strategy–Taker? Analysing Polish Involvement in the Development of the EU Global Strategy
Authors:   Hertie School of Governance (Germany) & European University Institute (Italy), Sus Monika
Published: February 2017

The drafting process of the EU Global Strategy published in June 2016 has differed distinctively from the formulation of the European Security Strategy in 2003 mainly because of its consultative character. The coordination of the process was ensured by the High Representative who brokered between interests of individual Member States. Looking through the lens of deliberative intergovernmentalism, the paper examines patterns and channels of the cooperation between Poland and the EEAS throughout the strategy–making process. It attempts to shed light on the officially repeated claims on the Member States’ ownership of the document and their active participation in the consultations. The article argues that only with national diplomacies as strategy–makers, the document would have a chance to enhance the EU’s ’will to project power’ in its neighbourhood and beyond. However, the salience of the new strategy among the high political level in the Member States reveals to be crucial for a sustainable contribution to the deliberative policy formulation.
Right to the City as a New Paradigm within the Concept of Human Security
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Szpak Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Cities have been researched mostly in terms of its economic, technological, and social value and significance. Despite some changes in this respect, there is still a need to research cities as a fascinating phenomenon, also in respect of its capabilities to increase human security on a local and global scale. In this context, the article examines the new paradigm of urban development within the human security, namely the right to the city. The author indicates to the growing role of cities for human security and to mutual relations between the right to the city and the concept of human security. The subject matter is indeed as fascinating as fascinating are cities themselves. They are dynamic, energetic, innovative and constantly evolving. The general thesis of the article is that cities adopting the adequate model of urban development such as the one envisioned in the right to the city may and do greatly contribute to human security.