bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Albino Wistar Rats: Advantages and Limitations in Biomedical Research
Authors: Krubaa P. , Yogitha P. S.
Published: September 2024

Albino Wistar rats refer to a strain of the Wistar rats which is part of the Norway rat species; it is a popular animal model in many areas of research specifically in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology among others. These rats are particularly valuable due to their high level of genetic homogeneity, ease of handling, and reproducible results which have kept them in the list of requirements for researchers who want to minimize extraneous variables in their studies. One can bet on the fact that the Albino Wistar rats are inbred, and therefore, even their genetic disposition is normalized. Wistar rats originated from the United States of America in the 19th century. In several generations of breeding, this rat strain was used to establish desired characteristics, which resulted in greatly reduced genetic variability. Thus, throughout the whole process of the research, one can be sure that the results of the study will not have any relation to the genetic differences of the participants. In addition, Albino Wistar rats are a kind of animal that is inoffensive and takes well to experimental environment. This ensures that the animals do not have to be subdued or fought before getting a sample and the process does not have to stress the animals or the researcher. Furthermore, they have a shorter gestation period, approximately 21 days, and a short existence of approximately 2 years. Such features make Albino Wistar rats suitable to be used by researchers who would wish to get a fast result or those who have a small budget. It should also be pointed out, although, that there are some drawbacks in employing Albino Wistar rats as animal subjects as well. The following is the major drawback; they are prone to certain diseases for example infections and some types of tumors. It means that the studied population may have higher sensitivity to disease and its manifestations, which may influence the results of studies, when disease processes or potential treatments are examined. The other limitation is that Albino Wistar rat has a relatively shorter life span than any other strain of rats. Reduced life expectancy can also reduce the possibilities of research, especially in trials concerned with aging or late outcomes of interventions. Experimentalists must put these aspects into consideration when choosing their sample and the type of animals to use. Nevertheless, despite these drawbacks, Wistar rats still can be considered valuable source for the researchers taking into account all the mentioned advantages. Because of their high reproducibility, ease of handling, genetic uniformity, and ability to adapt to the laboratory conditions, they provide a perfect model for dissecting complex biological functions and generating new models for diseases affecting mankind. Due to the advancement in scientific knowledge and technology, the researchers may 1 day overcome the said-named limitations associated with the use of Albino Wistar rats as animal models.
Idiopathic Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis Presenting with Paraparesis
Authors: Ramesh V.
Published: September 2024

Arachnoiditis is a heterogeneous, relatively complex, and challenging process for an inflammatory response involving the arachnoid mater. Major symptoms include chronic, sometimes incapacitating pain, neurological deficit, and finally, some degree of disturbance of normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnosis depends on all these factors: history of the patient, examination of the patient, and sophisticated imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment is essentially supportive, consisting of pain management and improvement in function, which may need a multimodal approach of medications, physical therapy, and surgical interventions. The authors present this case report of a 45-year-old female patient treated for chronic paraparesis due to dense arachnoid adhesions entrapping nerve roots that required surgical intervention. Her symptoms began 4 years ago and have progressed; this underlines the fact that an earlier diagnosis with a tailored care plan could have made a difference. MRI imaging was significant in the identification of characteristic radiological markers of arachnoiditis. In the postoperative rehabilitation plan, physiotherapy was included to attain better functional status. Although motor recovery remained limited, decompression of the affected nerve roots provided symptomatic relief. For any comprehensive care strategies in chronic arachnoiditis, a multidisciplinary approach with health providers from all specialties is necessary. Continuous follow-up and individual rehabilitation programs form the mainstay of optimizing recovery and managing long-term symptoms.
SJLA_2024_A1: Appendix and Ascending Colon Intussusception through a Prolapsed Transverse Colostomy: A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Alquraish Fatimah Abdullah , Ibrahim Arwa Hanafie , Alshammari Turki
Published: September 2024

Background:

Stoma creation is one of the most common performed surgical procedures. For both benign and malignant conditions, in elective and emergency settings. Like any surgical procedure, it is associated with complications. One of the most frequently encountered is prolapse, with the incidence rate reaching 26%. On the other hand, intussusception of the bowel through the ostomy is a rare complication, with few cases being reported in the literature.

Methods:

The study was a case report.

Results:

We reported a case of a 52-year-old female with a proximal limb transverse loop colostomy prolapse noted 1 day before her presentation. Intraoperatively, cecal intussusception through the ostomy is encountered with unsalvageable right colon. The patient ended up with right hemicolectomy, end ileostomy, and mucus fistula.

Discussion:

Although stoma prolapse is a common late complication with an impact on quality of life in terms of difficulty with appliance fitting, it can be an early sign of a serious condition like intussusception. This necessitates a differentiation between intussusception through a prolapsed colostomy from simple prolapse. Based on literature, reduced stoma output along with significant irreducible prolapsed segment are the frequent clinical characteristics. Yet, it should be noted that the intussuscepted segment is only evident upon surgical exploration.

Conclusion:

Caution during stoma creation must be attempted, with the avoidance of underestimating a significant irreducible prolapse. As it may be lead to intussusception and subsequent bowel perforation.
SJLA_2024_A13: Utilized Ports in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Is it a Matter of Numbers? A Systematic
Authors: Alshammary Shadi A. , Boumarah Dhuha N.
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Background:

The past decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in surgical interventions, with minimally invasive surgery is superior to the traditional open approach for several conditions, including the management of benign gallbladder diseases. The widespread acceptance and popularity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in fact, can be explained by the significant reduction in associated morbidity and faster recovery to daily activities, in comparison to the classic open approach. The current systematic review is the first to provide comparative outcomes by summarizing the previously published systematic reviews in a comprehensive and objective pattern. It aims to illustrate evidence regarding the intra- and postoperative outcomes of each laparoscopic cholecystectomy approach, as most of the previous publications have only briefly touched upon one or two of them.

Methods:

The current systematic review is the first to provide comparative outcomes by summarizing the previously published systematic reviews in a comprehensive and objective pattern. It aims to illustrate evidence regarding the intra- and postoperative outcomes of each laparoscopic cholecystectomy approach. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was meticulously followed to conduct the present systematic review. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched for eligible publications, and a total of 14 systematic reviews were included.

Results:

The analysis of our primary and secondary outcomes revealed a statistically significant improvement in esthetic results after single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) in comparison to the multiport approach of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This, however, is accompanied by extended operative timing and subsequently, prolonged exposure to anesthesia.

Discussion:

Since the introduction of SILC by Navarra et
al. in 1997, extensive efforts have been made to prove its safety and feasibility to replace the conventional method of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Previous surgeries involving the abdomen and signs of acute cholecystitis were identified as factors predicting failure of SILC, with success rate limited to 59% in association with acute cholecystitis, as suggested by Antoniou et
al. in his systematic review addressing the limitations of the single-incision approach. The associated increase in the length of operative time can be partly explained by the surgeon learning curve as applied to any surgical procedure.

Conclusion:

Careful selection of candidates undergoing SILC should be present to minimize technical difficulties and prevent related complications both intraoperatively and shortly after the procedure.
SJLA_2024_A14: Five-year Outcome of Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair with Phasix ST
Authors: Altowaijeri Alaa , AlJomah Nadia , AlShammari Sulaiman , Binjaloud Ahmed , Aldohayan Najla , Aldohayan Abdullah
Published: September 2024

Background:

Repair of ventral and incisional hernias repair (VIHR) is a standard procedure; newly introduced resorbable mesh biomaterials provide an attractive option to reduce the use of permanent synthetic mesh in hernia surgery and reduce its complications. Indeed the data of Phasix resorption started to occur postmaturation of the wound tissue. However, data on the use of slowly resorbable mesh materials remain scarce, and this study aims to evaluate the use of Phasix ST in the laparoscopic repair of VIHR.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of a sequential cohort of patients undergoing laparoscopic VIHR utilizing a Phasix ST mesh. Perioperative characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected.

Results:

In total, 26 patients, including 19 females and 7 males, underwent laparoscopic VIHR using Phasix ST from April 2016 to January 2023. All surgeries were performed in a single institution by the same surgeon. The average patient age was 52.6 years, and the mean body mass index was 35.5. All patients had a clean wound classification. The average defect size was 136.4 cm2. All patients were seen in the clinic with a median follow-up of 48 months. We observed four wound seromas, no wound infections, and three recurrences during the 5-year follow-up period. All occurred in the center of the mesh with severe adhesions to the mesh and tacker.

Conclusion:

Five years of follow-ups showed 11% recurrence in the same site note, which needs to be reviewed. Further, 10 years of follow-up results need to be assessed.
SJLA_2024_A18: Persistent Complex Seroma Treated by Capsulectomy and Argon Beam Coagulator
Authors: AlGhazal Thabet
Published: September 2024

Background:

Seroma formation is one of the most common events following ventral hernia repair. When mesh is used for the repair of larger and more complex incisional hernias, the risk of seroma formation increases. The mesh onlay technique, which requires more extensive dissection, is associated with an even greater incidence of seroma formation. Treatment options for postoperative seromas include observation for spontaneous resolution, percutaneous aspiration, closed suction drainage, abdominal binders, and sclerosant.

Methods:

The aim of this report is to present a definitive management of a very challenging case of abdominal wall chronic complex seroma following herniorrhaphy with mesh approached by open capsulectomy and scarification of the remnant pseudocapsule.

Results:

Our patient is a 60 years-old male a status post low anterior resection with covering loop ileostomy for rectal cancer. His diverting stoma was taken off after completing the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Seven months later, the patient has developed an enlarging midline incisional hernia. This hernia was subsequently repaired by primary fascial closure with suprafascial onlay polypropylene mesh. Postoperatively, he developed a subcutaneous seroma which was initially treated with an abdominal binder without success. Over the following 3 months of observation, seroma was increasing in size.

Discussion:

Having recovered his acute condition, surgical intervention was planned. The patient underwent an excision and evacuation of the complex seroma and pseudocapsule. A 12-cm midline incision was made in line with the previous incision used for the hernia repair. The pseudocapsule of the seroma was encountered when the subcutaneous tissue was incised. The incision was carried superior, inferior, and laterally, and the capsule was exposed. The seroma opening sinus was expanded and fluid was evacuated. There were some fibrous dead tissues and coagulated dark blood. The anterior and lateral aspects of the pseudo capsule were excised. Furthermore, the posterior aspect was cleaned carefully using the curettage instrument without affecting the integrity of the mesh which was looking healthy and intact and without causing injury to the intraabdominal contents. Argon beam coagulator was used to scarify the remaining posterior aspect attaching to the mesh. Hemostasis was secured, and the wound was closed over a Jackson–Pratt drain. A pressure dressing and abdominal binder were applied.

Conclusion:

Factors leading to seroma following incisional herniorrhaphy are poorly understood. Many options are available for treating complicated abdominal wall seroms. capsulectomy and scarification of the remnant pseudocapsule were good option for the treatment of persistence complex seroma.
SJLA_2024_A6: Comparison of One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass versus Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Outcome for Treatment of Obesity in Oman: A 3-year Study
Authors: Al Marhoon Mallak
Published: September 2024

Background:

Obesity and its comorbidities remain a priority public health issue, 30% of the Omani population having body mass index (BMI) of more 30. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains one of the gold standard procedures for morbid obesity and metabolic disorders in most of the reference centers. One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), gaining wide acceptance OAGB, was proposed as a simple and effective treatment for morbid obesity. Published data essentially come from retrospective studies, meta-analysis, and few root canal treatment have been reported the value of OAGB remains debated, high-level evidence regarding its efficacy and safety.

Methods:

A single-institution qualitative retrospective cohort study was conducted in Royal Hospital in the period between 2017 and 2020. Total sample: 45 (28 OAGB and 17 RYGB, the data were collected from the medical record system (Al-Shifa system). Inclusion criteria: all patients who aged 18–65 years with a BMI between 35 and 50 kg/m2. Exclusion criteria who have esophagitis, malignancy “Inflammatory bowel disease” Pregnancy, BMI over 50 kg/m2, and previous bariatric surgery.

Results:

The mean BMI at 3 years was 31.9 for OAGB and 32 for RYGB. There was no significant difference in EWL% in the OAGB compared with the RYGB group, P = 0.86; mean HbA1c at 3 years was not statistically different P = 0.49. The mean decrease in HbA1c was significantly greater in the OAGB arm 2.4% than in the RYGB arm 2%. There was a 68% (n = 15/23) complete type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission rate in the OAGB group versus 31% in the RYGB group. The proportions of T2D remission were not significantly different (P = 0·722). The incidence of malnutrition, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies at 3 years was not significantly different.

Discussion:

RYGB was first described in 1967, and an IFSO survey showed that RYGB was the most common bariatric procedure from 2003 to 2013 (11, 28). According to the 2018 IFSO survey results, OAGB was considered the third most popular bariatric surgery. Previous studies have suggested that the OAGB learning curve is shorter than that of RYGB and that the learning curve is closely related to surgical complications. However, there is no consistent confirmation of the effect and comorbid remission rate of the two bariatric surgeries. Many articles have shown that the weight loss effect of OAGB is not as worse as that of RYGB; however, the sample size of the comparison articles is small, the randomized trials are few, and they mainly focused on the comparison of weight loss effect, with less research on postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

OAGB appeared to be safe, effective, and not inferior to LRYG. OAGB is associated with more weight loss and better resolution of comorbid conditions. No difference between both surgeries in nutritional outcomes. The clinical utility of OAGB needs to be further validated by future prospective RCTS.
SJLA_2024_A8: Clinical and Survival Patterns of Pulmonary Metastases in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Al Alawi Ahmed , Al Maqrashi Asma , Al Mayahi Juhaina , Al Lawati Yaseen
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pulmonary metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rare and incompletely understood entity which affects 10% of CRC patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) of Stage IV CRC is 11.3% and in pulmonary metastatectomy range from 40% to 69.7%. This study aims to evaluate the overall 5-year survival of PM from CRC and identify potential independent risk factors affecting the OS.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center (Royal Hospital). The study included all patients diagnosed with Stage IV CRC with PM aged >18 years between 2008 and 2015. Patients with no follow-up and missed data were excluded. Data were retrieved from the electronic record system (Al-Shifaa) and analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:

The prevalence of PM in the overall CRC cases was 15.2% (84/554 patients). Seventy-one patients were included in this study after the application of exclusion criteria with the mean age of patients was 60.35 ± 16.4 years; majority male gender 64.8% (46) and most of them with no comorbidities 57.7% (42). The most common location of primary tumor is sigmoid 31% (22) and diagnosed with T3 40.8% (29) status and N2 32.4% (23) status with high CEA > 5 at presentation and diagnosis. The majority of cases presented with synchronous PM 74.6% (53) and following metastasis features bilateral lung side 69.0% (49), =>10 nodules 42.3% (30), <1 cm size 66.2% (47), and no lymph involvement 57.7% (41). Five-year OS rate is 15.3%, and the median OS time is 15 months. There was a statistically significant difference in the OS distribution between those who received surgery and those who did not receive surgery (Log-rank test, P = 0.004) and 5-year OS rate in the surgical group is 55.6% versus 8.3% in nonsurgical. Median survival time was 71 months versus 13 months, respectively. Several factors were found to be associated with a favorable OS, which include the middle age group (P = 0.007), absence of perineural invasion (P = 0.015), and isolated PM (P = 0.003). In addition, multivariate Cox regression showed OS relatively poor in females (P0.001), metachronous (0.003), T4 (0.005), and normal CEA at diagnosis (0.011).

Conclusion:

The present study showed 5-year OS rate is 15.3%, and the median OS time is 15 months for Stage IV CRC with pulmonary metastasis. Surgical management, middle age group (40–59 years), absence of perineural invasion, and isolated pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis may be associated with improved survival. Female gender, tumor status T4, Carcinoembryonic <=5 at diagnosis, and metachronous lung mts were associated with poorer survival outcomes. Despite the study’s limitations of retrospective design with a small sample size, the results can be considered as part of MDT-based decision-making. These findings will require future large multicenter studies.
SJLA_2024_A9: Surgical Management of Achalasia
Authors: Al-Alawi Samah
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Achalasia is a rare neurological disorder, in which the esophagus fails to relax. The esophagus also has a marked absence of peristalsis. In <50% of patients, the lower esophageal sphincter is hypertensive. This condition causes a functional obstruction at the gastroesophageal junction.

Background:

Treatment is to ease the symptoms of achalasia by decreasing the outflow resistance caused by a nonrelaxing and hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter. Surgical options are laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and peroral endoscopic myotomy. The recommended step for reducing pressure across the lower esophageal sphincter is surgical myotomy, which can be done laparoscopically. This procedure will cut the circular muscle fibers running across the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to relaxation. LHM can potentially cause uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux, so it typically pairs with an antireflux procedure such as Nissen, the posterior (Toupet), or the anterior (Dor) partial fundoplication. The anterior fundoplication is the more common choice. LHM with partial fundoplication is the surgical procedure of choice. The important thing is that the fundoplication is partial, not complete, so as not to cause postoperative dysphagia, which is more severe with Nissen fundoplication. The clinical success rate of LHM is high (76%–100%) at 35 months, with a low mortality rate of 0.1%. Disease progression after 5 years subsequently reduces the success rate.

Methods:

Video demonstration of case of achalasia treated with Heller myotomy.

Results:

Video demonstration of case of achalasia treated with Heller myotomy.

Discussion:

Video demonstration of case of achalasia treated with Heller myotomy.

Conclusion:

Video demonstration of case of achalasia treated with Heller myotomy.
Fault Diagnosis of Distributed Energy Distribution Network Based on PSO-BP
Authors: Han Xiaokun , Jia Dongming , Dong Xiang , Chen Dongwei
Published: September 2024

With the increasing scale of distribution network at distribution time, its complexity grows geometrically, and its fault diagnosis becomes more and more difficult. Aiming at the slow convergence and low accuracy of traditional backpropagation neural network in dealing with single-phase ground faults, the study proposes a backpropagation neural network based on improved particle swarm optimization. The model optimizes the weights and acceleration constants of the particle swarm algorithm by introducing dynamic coefficients to enhance its global and local optimization seeking ability. It is also applied in optimizing the parameters of backpropagation neural network and constructing the routing model and ranging model for fault diagnosis about distributed energy distribution network. The simulation results revealed that the maximum absolute error of the improved method is 0.08. While the maximum absolute errors of the traditional backpropagation neural network and the particle swarm optimized backpropagation neural network were 0.65 and 0.10, respectively. The fluctuation of the relative errors of the research method was small under different ranges of measurements. At 8.0 km, the minimum relative error was 0.39% and the maximum relative error was 2.81%. The results show that the improved method proposed in the study significantly improves the accuracy and stability of fault diagnosis and localization in distribution networks and is applicable to complex distribution network environments. The method has high training efficiency and fault detection capability and provides an effective tool for distribution network fault management.
On stability and regularity for subdiffusion equations involving delays
Authors: Tran Dinh-Ke , Lam Thi-Thoa
Published: September 2024

We study a class of nonlocal evolution equations involving time-varying delays which is employed to depict subdiffusion processes. The global solvability, stability and regularity are shown by using the resolvent theory, nonlocal Halanay inequality, fixed point argument and embeddings of fractional Sobolev spaces. Our result is applied to the nonlocal Fokker–Planck model with nonlinear force fields.
Molecular Identification of Species Belonging to Culex vishnui Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae), Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus, in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Han-Hsuan , Chen Tien-Huang , Wang Pei-Feng , Tsuda Yoshio , Teng Hwa-Jen , Chen Shiu-Ling
Published: September 2024

Classification of mosquitoes with overlapping features remains problematic when using traditional morphological identification alone. In this study, we used molecular methods to elucidate the taxonomic status of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex annulus, and Culex pseudovishnui species as vectors of the Japanese encephalitis virus belonging to the Culex vishnui subgroup and gene flow among them. In this study, 76, 59, and 3 samples of Cx. annulus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. pseudovishnui, respectively, were collected around Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic divergence were based on genomic sequence variations in ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Our results revealed that Cx. annulus and Cx. vishnui are genetically similar and share a gene pool among the species from Taiwan and other Asian countries. However, two hidden taxa of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, which clustered together according to the rDNA sequences, were discovered based on the COI sequences. In addition, Cx. pseudovishnui has different gene pools from those of the strains from other countries, implying that the population from Taiwan is probably either a unique strain or a sibling species. This study provides molecular information on the taxonomic status of the species in the Cx. vishnui subgroup in Taiwan and gene flow between these species, providing valuable information for vector control operations and the delineation of the evolutionary process.
Efficacy Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Combined with Arthroplasty or Joint Replacement for Tuberculous of the Elbow Joint: A Retrospective Study of 40 Patients
Authors: Tian Qi , Luan Haopeng , Guo Xufeng , Liu Kai , Peng Cong , Du Bin
Published: September 2024

Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow joint (TAEJ) is a relatively rare infectious bone and joint disease. Misdiagnosed owing to inconspicuous early symptoms, often the elbow joint has suffered serious damage at the time of treatment. This study retrospectively investigated the clinical manifestations, population characteristics, clinical diagnosis, surgical treatment, and functional recovery of elbow joint tuberculosis (TB). A retrospective study of 40 patients was conducted. These patients were diagnosed with tuberculous arthritis of the elbow from June 2007 to August 2021 and were diagnosed with TAEJ by fine-needle aspiration biopsy or biopsy of surgically excised lesions. All patients underwent surgery after taking regular anti-TB drugs and chemotherapy for 2 weeks. Visual analogue scale score, Mayo elbow performance score, and hospital for special surgery assessment scale score were used to evaluate postoperative functional recovery. Imaging tests were used to evaluate patients’ postoperative recovery. Forty patients were followed up for an average of 12.5 ±0.5 months. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values returned to normal after anti-TB drug chemotherapy combined with surgical removal of infected lesion tissue; only one patient relapsed 16 months after surgery. Tuberculous arthritis of the elbow joint should be diagnosed in an early stage based on clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and histopathological examinations. Complete surgical removal of the lesions should be performed after chemotherapy with anti-TB drugs for 2 weeks. The corresponding operation should be selected according to the damage in the elbow joint.
Effectiveness of Systematic Screening and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Prison in Thailand
Authors: Rodgerd Atchara , Morasert Thotsaporn
Published: September 2024

The global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in prison is 5 to 70 times greater than that in the general population. The systematic screening and treatment of TB in prison benefit TB control and treatment outcomes. However, no study has supported this in Thailand. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of long-term, continuous, systematic screening for TB control. We conducted a retrospective study in Suratthani Central Prison, Thailand, using annual TB screening from 2016 to 2020. A positive TB screening was defined as having any TB symptoms or chest radiography abnormality. We collected sputum smear and Xpert® Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) results from those inmates with positive screening results. Bacteriologically confirmed TB was defined as a positive sputum smear or M. tuberculosis detected by Xpert assay. Inmates with clinically diagnosed TB were also eligible for this study. Those inmates diagnosed with active TB were sent to an isolation zone in prison and received anti-TB medicine using directly observed therapy and were monitored by pulmonologists during the treatment course via telemedicine. Of 18,965 TB screening events, 175 patients were diagnosed with TB. The 5-year prevalence was 922 per 100,000 inmates. The relative reduction in TB prevalence was 60.5% from 2016 to 2020. Overall, 94.3% of TB patients were successfully treated (sum of patients cured and treatment completed). Three TB patients died during the 5-year study period. All occurred in 2016. The systematic screening and treatment of TB in inmates effectively reduced the prevalence and mortality in Suratthani Central Prison. The success rate of treatment in this prison has been consistently high.
Diariusz morawskiego uczonego Jana Weselskiego-Laetusa. Wokół podróży edukacyjnej młodych Reyów do Anglii w 1637 roku
Authors: Nortowska Paulina
Published: September 2024

The article addresses the educational journey of Andrew Rey’s (Rej) (c. 1584–1641) son, Nicholas, and the ambassador’s cousin, Andrew (1616/1617–c.1664), which took place in 1637. The extensive and detailed diary of the Moravian scholar Jan Weselski-Laetus (1609–1656) allows us to reconstruct young Reys’ journey to England, to present the individual elements of the visited country and to reconstruct a precise itinerary of the travellers. The account offers rich educational material and selected descriptions adapted to the mental level of the young Reys’. The preceptor has skilfully woven the history of the British Isles and the cities visited into the narrative flow, as well as supplied it with the author’s comments.
Study on Mental Health of Urban and Rural Living Transgender
Authors: Mandal Arpita , Kumar Dr. Pawan
Published: September 2024

This study is an attempt to examine the Mental Health of Urban and Rural living Transgender. Transgender‟s living in urban and rural areas were selected for this research. Total number of sample was 70. Sample was divided into 2 parts 35 transgender from urban living and 35 transgender from rural living in West Bengal. There are 6 dimensions are used to find out the levels of mental health. The data was collected by using the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) Dr. Jagdish and Dr. A.K. Srivastava. Six dimensions were used to find out the level of mental health. The urban living Transgender‟s mental health mean= 149.11 and SD= 21.18 show that there mental health level is poor, while the rural living Transgender‟s mental health mean = 147.06 and SD= 20.89 show that there mental health level is also poor. Findings show that their mental health is in a bad state due to too much rejection, isolation, harshness, hearing derogatory words. May be this study will be helpful for the government for making the polices and enhancing their living, their acceptance from the society, good facilities and better life in ground level work.
Formulation and Assessment of polyherbal body lotion infused with Indigenous medicinal plants extracts
Authors: Singh Jashvinder , Bharat Ekhschit , Sao Anil
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Indigenous herbal medicinal plant neem, tulsi and aloe vera are widely used in homemade preparation as well as commercial in cosmetics preparation due to established efficacy and safety profile. Aim: This study aims to formulate and evaluation polyherbal body lotion incorporating tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and neem (Azadirachta indica). Approach: The method involved formulation of poly herbal body lotion incorporating hydro-alcoholic extracts from these herbs followed by comprehensive laboratory based assessments of physicochemical parameters such as pH, washability, spreadability, stability to ensure product quality and effectiveness along with sensory evaluations like skin irritation, smoothness, and user acceptability. Result: In accordance to results, the polyherbal body lotion demonstrated satisfactory formulatory assessed physicochemical parameters which ensure product quality and accepted smoothness and hydration to skin with no reported allergy. Conclusion: The findings suggest that this herbal body lotion is a promising natural alternative to synthetic skincare products, offering enhanced skin protection and moisturization.
LEI DE DIRETRIZES E BASES DA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Batista Moésia da Cunha , Teixeira Carlos Nunes , Coelho Fernanda da Silva , Dias Marly Ribeiro dos Santos , Figueiredo Islândia César de
Published: September 2024

Este estudo analisou a influência da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) na formação de professores e na educação infantil no Brasil. O problema investigado foi compreender de que maneira a LDB impactou a formação inicial e continuada dos professores e as práticas pedagógicas na educação infantil. O objetivo geral foi analisar os efeitos da LDB, destacando avanços, desafios e perspectivas. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica, examinando obras e artigos científicos relevantes. Os resultados mostraram que a LDB promoveu mudanças significativas, como a integração entre teoria e prática na formação docente e a valorização da educação infantil. Contudo, identificaram-se desafios, como a falta de recursos e a necessidade de formação continuada adequada. A análise revelou que as políticas de inclusão e diversidade, bem como a regulamentação da Educação a Distância (EaD), tiveram impactos positivos, mas enfrentam obstáculos na implementação. As considerações finais apontaram que a LDB contribuiu para avanços importantes na educação brasileira, mas destacou a necessidade de continuar investindo em infraestrutura, formação de professores e políticas públicas. Foram sugeridos novos estudos para aprofundar a compreensão dos impactos da LDB em diferentes contextos e níveis de ensino.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NA AVALIAÇÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Andrade Filho Marcos Antonio Soares de , Oliveira Elineide Cavalcanti de , Klauch Jorge José , Santos Luciana Monteiro dos , Penha Maria Cleonice Santos de Melo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo examina a eficácia das metodologias ativas na avaliação de estudantes do ensino superior, oferecendo uma análise aprofundada através de revisão bibliográfica e estudos de caso. Inicialmente, explora-se o conceito de metodologias ativas, fundamentado nas teorias educacionais de John Dewey e Paulo Freire, que destacam a importância da aprendizagem experiencial e do engajamento crítico. A análise abrange diversos estudos que demonstram como essas metodologias promovem um aprendizado mais significativo, engajado e centrado no aluno, desenvolvendo habilidades críticas, cognitivas e comportamentais essenciais para o sucesso acadêmico e profissional. Os resultados indicam que, quando implementadas de forma eficaz, as metodologias ativas não apenas melhoram a compreensão dos conteúdos pelos alunos, mas também fomentam o desenvolvimento de competências essenciais, como a autonomia, o pensamento crítico, a criatividade e a capacidade de resolução de problemas. Contudo, a implementação dessas metodologias enfrenta desafios significativos, como a necessidade de suporte institucional, formação contínua dos docentes e adaptação curricular. Apesar desses desafios, as metodologias ativas se destacam como uma alternativa eficaz e inovadora às abordagens tradicionais de ensino, proporcionando uma educação mais inclusiva e dinâmica. Conclui-se que, embora haja obstáculos a serem superados, os benefícios das metodologias ativas na avaliação e no processo de ensino-aprendizagem são substanciais, tornando-as uma estratégia valiosa para a educação superior. Este estudo contribui para a literatura existente ao fornecer insights práticos e teóricos sobre a aplicação dessas metodologias, oferecendo orientações valiosas para educadores e instituições que buscam inovar suas práticas pedagógicas.
A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR (BNCC) NA PRÁTICA EXPERIÊNCIAS E RESULTADOS EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Alarcão Luciana Sousa Teixeira , Silva Mille Anne Ribeiro da , Oliveira Teresa Helena Batelli de
Published: September 2024

Este estudo analisou a implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e seu impacto nas práticas pedagógicas nas escolas brasileiras. O problema investigado foi como a BNCC tem influenciado a prática docente e quais desafios surgem em diferentes contextos regionais. O objetivo geral foi avaliar as mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas decorrentes da aplicação da BNCC e identificar os desafios enfrentados pelas escolas. A metodologia empregada consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica, focando em estudos recentes sobre a BNCC e suas implicações. Foram analisadas fontes relevantes que discutem as metodologias ativas propostas pela BNCC, as interpretações docentes e as variações regionais na implementação. Os resultados revelaram que a BNCC promoveu mudanças significativas nas práticas pedagógicas, com ênfase em metodologias interativas e na formação contínua dos docentes. No entanto, a eficácia da BNCC variou conforme o contexto local, evidenciando a influência das condições regionais, como infraestrutura e recursos disponíveis, na implementação das diretrizes. As considerações finais destacaram que, embora a BNCC tenha contribuído para avanços pedagógicos, sua implementação é desigual e depende das especificidades regionais. A pesquisa sugeriu a necessidade de estudos adicionais para aprofundar a compreensão dos desafios regionais e aprimorar as estratégias de implementação.
Economics and logistics of the Mombasa – Nairobi railway project
Authors: Kurenkov P. V. , Raymond R. S.
Published: September 2024

The study is devoted to the economic evaluation of the Nairobi – Mombasa Standard Gauge Railway Project in Kenya.

   The cost-benefit analysis method was used to evaluate this project, the purpose of which is to find the net social benefit by subtracting all the project costs from the total social benefits.

   Among the various cost analysis methods, the corridor analysis method was used, as well as the empirical method, which included mathematical calculation, analysis and comparison of information from different modes of transport operating between the two cities of Nairobi and Mombasa, obtained from different secondary sources in order to obtain the social present value. There is a social benefit of $ 75 million and thus the project was worth the investment. The analysis of the Nairobi – Mombasa Standard Gauge Railway Project will help reduce the negative reaction that the Kenyan government has faced from local residents for its huge investment in this project, proving that the project is economically beneficial and will have a positive impact on the social welfare of the residents.
Development of the logistics potential of railway transport
Authors: Nikiforova G. I. , Nikiforov V. V.
Published: September 2024

An analysis of freight transport statistics over the past 10 years shows sensitivity to political influences from almost all modes of transport to one degree or another, including rail. At the same time, the participation of rail transport in the total volume of freight traffic in recent years can be estimated at 17–18 %. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the railway transportation sector in the total volume of freight. In order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take a number of technical, organizational and managerial decisions to offset the negative consequences. The development of domestic logistics potential involves the development of international transport corridors that will connect the macroeconomic regions of the north, south, east and west. This will certainly have an impact on the global economy as a whole. Therefore, the main task is to develop effective interaction between participants in transport processes both on related modes of transport, as well as the largest representatives of the operator and logistics business, cargo-forming enterprises. In this regard, the current situation has been analyzed using a tool to identify competitive advantages in the domestic market and in conditions of global competition.
Natural and natural-anthropogenic measures for adapting transport infrastructure to climate change
Authors: Akhtyamov R. G.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze and develop natural and natural-anthropogenic measures for adapting transport infrastructure to climate change.

   The analysis was based on national and international regulations, best practices in the development and implementation of technical, organizational, natural and natural-anthropogenic measures for adapting transport infrastructure facilities to a changing climate. Although technical adaptation measures can be seen as the basis for ensuring safety against climate risks, the adoption of complementary or alternative nature-based measures will allow effective adaptation to be achieved more cost-effectively based on sustainable and long-term solutions. In some cases, technical adaptation measures are clearly determined, which largely deprives decision makers of flexibility when choosing a set of measures for a specific territory. Thus, hybrid solutions combining natural and technical measures can provide an optimal level of safety, taking into account the environmental impact, the area required to accommodate adaptation means, and the magnitude of costs.Current engineering adaptation measures used at transport infrastructure facilities have been identified. With the exception of a number of procedural changes to current practice, most current measures are technical solutions. It has been established that complementing technical and organizational measures with natural and natural-human adaptation measures has the potential not only to provide ecosystem services that could increase biodiversity and ecological connectivity, but also to ensure the resilience of transport infrastructure to climate change. The widespread use of these adaptation measures will make it possible to position railway transport as a reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly mode of transport.
E-saúde: apenas uma conjugação entre tecnologia & saúde?! O caso das pessoas mais idosas
Authors: Gil Henrique
Published: September 2024

Nos últimos anos tem-se vindo a assistir a uma conjugação, cada vez mais estreita, entre a Tecnologia e as diferentes áreas e serviços da presente sociedade do conhecimento. Considerando que Portugal e a União Europeia se encontram a atravessar um período de progressivo envelhecimento, pretende-se focalizar a atenção para um grupo de cidadãos onde esta nova possibilidade pode vir a trazer uma real mais-valia: os cidadãos idosos. No caso dos idosos, a possibilidade de poderem vir a usufruir das valências da e- Saúde vem implicar que este grupo de cidadãos, normalmente associado ao grupo dos info-excluídos, tenha que adquirir um conjunto de competências e de literacia digital que lhes venham a permitir a utilização e a manipulação destes dispositivos tecnológicos-digitais.
Interviewing the Interviewers: How Qualitative Professors Assess Interviews in Their Classes
Authors: Massey Meredith , Cain Leia
Published: September 2024

When reviewing the literature relating to what instructors of qualitative research courses are teaching in their courses, we found a gap regarding qualitative faculty's motivations behind what they teach and whether they use teaching tools such as rubrics in their assessment practices. We utilized general qualitative methods to explore and describe how instructors of qualitative methodology courses conceptualize and design interview-based assessments. By conducting structured interviews with five faculty members, we embraced interpretivist descriptive traditions and sought to obtain thick, rich descriptions of each participant’s perspectives and experiences. After coding interview transcripts, we created themes to represent participant beliefs that (a) interview assignments are the most appropriate and comprehensive way to assess knowledge of qualitative research, (b) the design and/or use of rubrics for these assignments is complicated within qualitative coursework, and finally, that (c) thorough feedback is the most important aspect of providing high-quality instruction in qualitative research methods. We then summarize our findings and argue that with creative application and further research, qualitative faculty can benefit from the use rubrics to assess interview assignments in qualitative methods courses.
Food Allergy Awareness Champions: Improving Food Safety Standards in Online Food Procurement for People With Food Hypersensitivities
Authors: Koidis Tassos , Jia Wenyang , Stoikidou Theano , Walker Michael , Gowland M Hazel
Published: September 2024

Background

There have been changes more recently in how people commonly acquire and consume food at home. The practice of ordering online food delivery including ready-to-eat meals, drinks, and snacks has increased immensely. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely been a factor in this change in practice as it’s now the case that one in four consumers thinks about using meal delivery services on a regular basis.

The aims of this project were:

• to improve understanding and knowledge of the behaviours of FHS citizen scientists buying ready-to-eat (takeaway and delivered) food online. • to learn more about the visible procedures and practices of individual food businesses offering online food delivery. • to use accredited methods to determine the presence of certain allergens in selected samples of food procured by participants.

Results

In general, respondents expressed more trust in nationwide food chains due to their perceived resources, updated information, menu consistency and/or accreditation by a UK allergy charity, such as Allergy UK or Coeliac UK.

The citizen scientists revealed some of their behaviours to minimise the risk of contamination including:

• eating food alone, before or after the family or work meal • physically separating gluten-containing from non-gluten-containing foods at the table • double checking the food order and the labels provided • following good food hygiene guidelines • using their own senses.

Furthermore, there were some indications that older FHS citizens may perceive the risk of ordering online differently from younger age groups.