bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity and Impacts of Climate Change in Home Gardens
Authors: Jana Sebak Kumar , Roy Joyashree
Published: November 2021

Home garden is a complex multi-functional land use system that combines multiple farming components of the homestead and provides environmental services, household needs, and employment and income generation opportunities to the households. Predicted climate changes have serious implications for crop and livestock yields particularly in tropical regions. Home garden may act as a cushion to the adverse climate shocks. There is dearth of in-depth study of home garden ecosystem in India. The authors have selected 100 households in Garhbeta-1 block, which is in the dry zone in the district of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India for the study. The main objectives of the chapter include (1) identification of the key characteristics of the home garden, (2) assessing biodiversity in home gardens, (3) identifying the pattern of climate change from the household perceptions and the problems in home garden, and (4) the changes made in the home gardens.
The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Small-Scale Peri-Urban Horticultural Farmers in Domboshawa, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tanyanyiwa Vincent Itai
Published: November 2021

Zimbabwe is a semi-arid country reliant on regular rains (November-April). Mean annual rainfall is low, and many rivers in the drier parts of the country are not perennial. In the small-scale horticultural sector, irrigation becomes handy. Rainfall exhibits spatial and temporal variability. This scenario is characterized by shifts in the onset of rains, increases in frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events, increases in the proportion of low rainfall years, decreases in low-intensity rainfall events, and increases in the frequency and intensity of mid-season dry spells. Drought have increased in frequency and intensity. Agriculture is the main source of income for most smallholder farmers who depend on rain-fed cropping and livestock rearing. Adaptation of agriculture to climate variability and change impacts is vital for livelihood. To develop appropriate strategies and institutional responses to climate change adaptation, a clear understanding of climate change impacts on smallholder farmers at farm-level is vital.
Livelihoods Vulnerability to Climate Change Among Households in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Pepela Maurice Manyonge , Nabiswa Ferdinand Makhanu , Mugalavai Edward M.
Published: November 2021

The main objective of the study was to determine the causes of vulnerability to climate change on the livelihoods of Baringo County households. The study was based on the pressure and release (PAR) model. An evaluation research design was adopted for this study and the data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used to select a sample of 223 households as respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires, key informant interview schedule; focus group discussion and observation checklists. Descriptive statistics, chi – square, ANOVA, cross tabulation, correlations were done using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). Factors influencing vulnerability include lack of access to weather information (52.5%), lack of government support (47.1%), lack of emergency preparedness systems (87.3%); geographical location (67%) while majority (100%) blamed the absence of insurance of animals respectively. All these were statistically significant with p-value = 0.000 tested at p < 0.05 level. The results will be useful in policy formulation and mitigation of vulnerability to climate change among households.
Impact of Thermal Stress on the Moroccan Argan Agroecosystem
Authors: Ifaadassan Issam , Karmaoui Ahmed , Messouli Mohammed , Ayt Ougougdal Houssam , Yacoubi Mohammed Khebiza , Babqiqi Abdelaziz
Published: November 2021

The argan tree is exclusively endemic in the drylands of Southwest Morocco, an agroecosystem of great ecological, cultural, and economic importance. The argan agroecosystem is already damaged. It is particularly vulnerable to climate change as well as the harsh natural conditions aggravated by the current population growth and the exploitation in excess of the production capacities. Unfortunately, during the 20th century, its area has been reduced by half. Current projections indicate an increase in temperature under climate scenarios. Anticipated climate change could accelerate this trend resulting in the argan tree degradation. To assess the climate change impact, the authors used the SDSM model at the argan agroecosystem scale and the thermal stress model to assess its vulnerability and estimate its tolerance response in relation to temperature stress for a projected climate in the near term (2010-2025 years). In this chapter, the authors explored the impact of climate change on the argan tree regeneration.
Mapping Climate Justice
Authors: Puaschunder Julia Margarete
Published: November 2021

A three-dimensional climate justice approach introduces to share the benefits and burden of climate change in an economically efficient, legally equitable, and practically feasible way around the globe. Climate justice within a country pays tribute to low- and high-income households carrying the same burden proportional to their dispensable income through consumption tax, progressive carbon taxation, and a corporate inheritance tax. Climate change burden sharing between countries ensures those countries benefiting more from a warmer environment bear higher responsibility regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Climate justice over time is proposed by an innovative bonds climate change burden sharing strategy.
Climate Changes and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Challenges for Agriculture
Authors: Nikolić Svetlana Roljević , Vuković Predrag , Sarić Radojica
Published: November 2021

During the last few decades, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased. Estimates are showing that the agriculture, forestry and other land use emits less than a quarter of the total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases globally and in this way endangers resources. Observing from the point of the European Union, agriculture emits 436.7 million tons of CO2 equivalents, corresponding to 9.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, agricultural production is accompanied by the creation of residues, whose amount often exceeds the weight of the main product, which can be used as a source of renewable energy. About 25% of the harvest residues can be used for energy purposes, without compromising the population food safety, nor adversely affecting the fertility of the land. The aim of this article is to point out on the consequences of the harmful effects of modern agriculture on the environment, but also on the fact that agriculture can offer solutions to the challenges of climate change.
Implementation and Demonstration of Electric Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Application
Authors: Shafaati Shemami Mahdi , Sefid Marzieh
Published: November 2021

This chapter emphasizes the utilization of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) as a backup power source for residential loads in under-developing and developing countries. It works as a source of energy in residential micro-grid based on the condition of vehicle battery without harming its function as an EV (electric vehicle). The suggested V2H system uses solar PV power to charge vehicle battery; therefore, the entire system works as a residential nano-grid system. The EV is considered as a load of home when its batteries are charged by solar PV or grid. However, the main emphasis is given to use solar PV power to reduce charging from the grid. The key objectives of this work are to minimize the energy cost of a household by reducing the dependency of residential loads on the power grid to enhance the reliability of power supply to residential loads during load shedding and blackouts and to maximize the utilization of power produced by solar PV array mounted on the rooftop.
Microfinance Impact on Microbusiness Development in Africa
Authors: Alhassan Yahaya , Salia Samuel , Nwagbara Uzoechi
Published: November 2021

This chapter applies the control group experiment to study whether microfinance improved microbusiness growth in Ghana. According to this approach, statistically significant difference in the outcome between treatment and control groups is an indication of impact of the microcredit on microbusiness development. Thus, this chapter compares the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that received microfinance (the treatment group) and the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that did not receive microfinance (the non-treatment group) in seven municipalities identified by various non-governmental organisations as areas of financial exclusion in the Northern Region of Ghana using survey data. Results indicate that microfinance impacted positively on microbusiness development. These findings have policy implications for the government of Ghana and agencies that are interested in using microfinance as a catalyst for economic growth in deprived communities in other countries.
A Secure Blockchain-Powered Land Record Modernization System for Documenting Land User's Rights
Authors: G. Hiremath Arun Kumar , G. M. Roopa , K. R. Naveen Kumar
Published: November 2021

Proving ownership of the land should preferably be done with a legal document that proves it decisively. Many authorities retain various documents, any of which could be used to assert a claim on the land. To prevent document falsification, the land administration mechanism ought to be robust, accessible at all times, and quick to accomplish exercises. But, any such solutions are prone to a slew of issues, including data accuracy, security, and dispute resolution. Usage of blockchain technology in land administration is considerably advanced to solve issues that plague current LAS. With the adoption of blockchain, the problem of cooperation among a variety of land records is articulated. The proposed model has integrated units to digitally sign the land assets to store securely into the blockchain using cryptography algorithms after which land assets are verified. The proposed approach eliminates deception, improves administration. The results show that the time complexity for registering, signing, and verifying land facts to establish a system using blockchain is relatively secure.
Role and Impact of Blockchain in Cybersecurity
Authors: Abbas Syed
Published: November 2021

Blockchain is a staggering innovation with possibilities to change business, particularly in developing business sector global partnerships. Blockchain innovation is a circulated and decentralized record framework that can record exchanges between various PCs. The innovation is viewed as a solid online protection convention because of its abilities of showing any injustice and giving sureness in the trustworthiness of exchanges. The blockchain is another creative innovation that is in the period of being taken on by associations for overseeing records.
A Comprehensive Review of the Security and Privacy Issues in Blockchain Technologies
Authors: Ghonge Mangesh Manikrao , Pradeep N. , Ravi Renjith V. , Mangrulkar Ramchandra
Published: November 2021

The development of blockchain technology relies on a variety of disciplines, including cryptography, mathematics, algorithms, and economic models. All cryptocurrency transactions are recorded on a digital and decentralized public ledger known as the blockchain. Customers may keep track of their crypto-transactions by looking at a chronological list rather than a centralized ledger. The blockchain's application potential is bright, and it has already produced results. In various fields, blockchain technology has been incorporated and deployed, from the earliest days of cryptocurrencies to the present day with new-age smart contracts. No comprehensive study on blockchain security and privacy has yet been done despite numerous studies in this area over the years. In this chapter, the authors talked about blockchain's security and privacy issues as well as the impact they've had on various trends and applications. This chapter covers both of these topics.
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach to Model User Behavior on the Adoption of E-Payment
Authors: Lai P. C. , Tong Dong Ling
Published: November 2021

The growth of internet usage during the COVID-19 pandemic creates a new business avenue on e-payment for organizations to expand their business horizon. However, challenges on user-related factors arise with this new avenue. This study aims to investigate the association of these factors on the adoption of e-payment services using machine learning inference. An artificial intelligence-based analysis pipeline is established to study the impact of individual items of the dependent factors on the usage of e-payment. In the analysis pipeline, the important items were extracted using a hybrid artificial intelligence method, and the relationships of these items were inferred using the tree algorithm. The results show that items related to expectancy, facilitating conditions, user attitude, and performance expectancy affect usage of e-payment services. Participants below 25 years old require a gamification solution to adopt e-payment, and participants above 40 years old need social support.
User-Technology Interaction
Authors: Mantovani Daielly Melina Nassif , Lucas Jr Durval
Published: November 2021

One of the major challenges for e-commerce transactions and e-payments consolidation is related to micropayments. Due to their cost and ease of use, companies are reluctant to implement solutions focused on micropayments. To face this challenge and keep modernising the Brazilian financial sector and increase competition, Brazilian Central Bank has created PIX, a platform oriented to enable digital transfers 24/7 free for the user. The adoption of this platform has been a great success, especially among younger users, who popularise PIX with an unusual goal: flirting. Given that adaptive structuration theory (AST) states usages of technological artefacts diverse from the previously conceived, this chapter aims to discuss the adoption of micropayment platforms, remarking unplanned uses of the system by consumers. For this purpose, the authors analysed secondary data about the adoption of PIX and text mining focused on newspapers and magazine articles related to the use of PIX by the young.
Towards an Ultimate Cashless Society and Potential Collaboration Between Blockchain and E-Payments
Authors: Foo Lee Peng , Lai Chooi Ling , Ooi Daniel Boon Yann , Khoo Zheng Ying
Published: November 2021

There are many different ways by which a user can make cashless payments—online banking, credit and debit cards, e-wallets, and QR codes just to name a few. The adoption of the methods of payment is largely determined by government rules as well as regulations in the respective countries. Hence, this study provides an in-depth discussion regarding the trends of e-payment adoption in selected countries. To strengthen the case for the digitalisation of transactions, the authors also consider the advantages of moving towards a cashless society. In addition, major issues that hinder the growth in the global adoption of e-payments found in cross-border transactions will be discussed. Furthermore, this chapter also explores the potential adaptation of blockchain technology on e-payment systems to solve the instant cross-border payment issue.
Impact of Digital Transformation on Pharmaceutical Retail in Myanmar
Authors: Htut Kaung Myat
Published: November 2021

Adopting digital technologies is believed to enhance the service innovation practices and operational excellence of MSMEs and has a positive impact on competitive advantage and at least supported for survival in the market. The adoption of digital technologies seems accessible for MSMEs of Myanmar, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it made no choice to adopt it at least for business survival. The research has been done on the pharmaceutical retailers, B2B clients of Tharmadaw.com, on adopting digital technologies and to give recommendations as to further strategic solutions for pharmaceutical retailers across the country. The adopting behaviors, challenges, problems, current and expected solutions, gaps on the road to further adoption of advanced digital technologies were revealed. The research finding is to support implementing further solutions for the clients by knowing their behaviors and perception on adopting digital technologies to enhance their service innovation practices in order to gain better competitive advantage.
Serum level of Vitamin D is associated with COVID-19 mortality rate in hospitalized patients
Authors: Ranjbar Mitra , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi , Roham Maryam , Rezaie Nader , Yadollahzadeh Mahdi , Farrokhpour Mohsen , Azimi Mehdi , Motamed Nima , Perumal Dhayaneethie , Tameshkel Fahimeh Safarnezhad , Dadras Farahnaz , Madani Nahid Hashemi , Ghanbari Behrooz , Faraji Amirhossein , Nikkhah Mehdi , Rahmani Shahrzad , Golgiri Fatemah , Emadi Seyed Yadollah , Abbasi Rowshanak , Mohseni Iman , Babaei Mohammad Reza , Eskandari Ramin , Ataee Manizhe , Panahi Mahshid , Zamani Farhad , Makiani Mahin Jamshidi , Laali Azadeh
Published: November 2021

Background:

Due to widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, identification of its risk factors and clinical characteristics are important. The aim of the present study was to assess Vitamin D levels in individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 infection and to report on its potential as a predictive marker.

Materials and Methods:

All patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from February 16 to March 21, 2020, and referred to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this study. Vitamin D analysis was undertaken on patient serum samples using a commercial kit (Pars Azmoon Co., Tehran, Iran). SPSS v. 22 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Vitamin D serum concentration was analyzed in a total of 317 patients whose mean age ± standard deviation was 62.05 ± 15 years and with 62.5% being male. A significant association of Vitamin D level and death was observed. Higher levels of serum Vitamin D had protection against death (odds ratio = 0.955 [95% confidence interval = 0.923–0.988], P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

As a preliminary study in the Iranian population who suffered COVID-19 disease, we identified that Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher death rate and intensive care unit admission.
Effect of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome (ginger) capsule on postpartum pain
Authors: Mozafari Shabnam , Esmaeili Somayeh , Momenyan Somayeh , Zadeh Modarres Shahrzad , Ozgoli Giti
Published: November 2021

Background:

Postpartum pain contributes to increased irritability and excessive stress in the mother and consequently may inhibit successful breastfeeding, reduce a mother's ability to take care of her baby, and cause an imperfect mother-baby interaction. Evidence suggests the positive effect of ginger on reduction in uterus-associated pain. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ginger capsules on postpartum pain.

Materials and Methods:

The present double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Tehran. One hundred and twenty-eight mothers having moderate-to-severe pain following vaginal delivery were included. The participants were divided into two groups (A and B). Interventions were performed every 8 h in 24 h. In the first intervention (2 h after the delivery), Group A received 500 mg of placebo capsules (containing chickpea flour) and Group B received 500 mg of Zintoma (ginger rhizome) capsules. In the second and third interventions, Group A received 250 mg placebo capsules and Group B received 250 mg Zintoma capsules. All participants received 250 mg capsules of mefenamic acid in each intervention in addition to ginger or placebo capsules. The pain severity was measured before and half an hour, an hour, and 2 h after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version. 22. The Chi-square, Fisher's, and t tests and the GEE model were applied to assess the pain severity.

Results:

The average pain severity was not statistically significant between the groups in the beginning of the intervention (P = 0.623). The mean score of pain significantly decreased within the duration of intervention in both groups (P < 0.001); however, the pain severity was significantly lower in the intervention group as compared to the control group at any point after the intervention (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Ginger can be used as an effective remedy for postpartum pain relief.
Sulfur dioxide and exacerbation of allergic respiratory diseases
Authors: Tomić-Spirić Vesna , Kovačević Gordana , Marinković Jelena , Janković Janko , Ćirković Anđa , Đerić Ana Milošević , Relić Nenad , Janković Slavenka
Published: November 2021

Background:

Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that air pollution plays a significant role in the exacerbation of allergic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to assess the potential relationship between daily levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and emergency department (ED) visits for allergic diseases.

Materials and Methods:

Data regarding ED visits for allergic respiratory diseases were routinely collected from the EDs in the Zlatibor district, and the General Hospital, Užice. The daily average concentrations of SO2 were obtained from the regional automatic air quality monitoring stations. All data were collected from June 2012 to July 2014. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and ORs adjusted for weather conditions were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results:

Statistically significant associations were seen between 0-day lagged exposure to SO2 and ED visits for all allergic diseases (OR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.48; P = 0.028) and between 2-day lagged exposure to SO2 and ED visits for asthma with allergic rhinitis (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.03–3.88; P = 0.042). These results were adjusted for temperature, temperature2, and humidity.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that short-term exposure to SO2 conferred an increased risk of ED visits for allergic respiratory diseases, particularly for asthma with concomitant allergic rhinitis.
The relationship between hemoglobin A1c levels and thrombus load in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Topal Dursun , Mutluer Ferit Onur , Aydin Omur , Cakir Hakan , Kanat Selcuk , Aslan Burhan , Er Fahri , Uslu Abdulkadir , Bozkaya Veciha Ozlem , Keskin Muhammed , Karşı Remzi , Yılmaz Mustafa , Aksakal Enbiya , Demir Mehmet , Tenekecioglu Erhan
Published: November 2021

Background:

We aimed to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and coronary thrombus load in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Materials and Methods:

Ninety diabetic patients with NSTEMI were recruited for the study. They were separated into two groups according to HbA1c levels. Forty-seven patients having HbA1c ≤6.5% formed Group-I (35 male, mean age 58 ± 10.5 years) and the remaining 43 patients with HbA1c >6.5% formed Group-II (23 male, mean age 58 ± 11.1 years). Both the groups were evaluated in terms of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) thrombus score and Syntax score.

Results:

Baseline patient characteristics were comparable in both the groups. TIMI thrombus score and Syntax score were higher in Group II than in Group I (3.2 ± 1.4 vs. 4.7 ± 0.5 and 20.2 ± 3.4 vs. 26.3 ± 3.0 respectively, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in other parameters. In stepwise linear regression analysis, prepercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and post-PCI TIMI frame number and HbA1c were significantly related to the coronary thrombus scale. However, no significant relationship has been found between thrombus formation and hypertension, previous PCI history, pre-PCI heart rate, pre-PCI cholesterol status, and high-sensitive troponin T.

Conclusion:

In NSTEMI with T2DM, increased HbA1c (HbA1c >6.5%) is related with coronary thrombus in the target vessel. In those patient population, strict anticoagulation should be considered to prevent potential adverse events.
Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome
Authors: Nwaneli Ezinne Ifeyinwa , Chukwuka John Onwura , Uju Chinenye Maryjane , Epundu Chukwunonso Obed
Published: November 2021

Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS) is an extremely rare congenital ectodermal dysplastic disease characterised by craniofacial, skin, skeletal and genital abnormalities. Very few cases have been reported since the first case report in 1977. We report the case of a 6-day-old male delivered to unrelated parents. He was dysmorphic with absent eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows, large fish-shaped mouth, hyperpigmented thick anterior abdominal wall, absent prepuce amongst other features. Skull X-ray showed poorly developed zygomatic bones. The patient is being managed as a case of AMS in a multidisciplinary fashion. There is no agreement on the mode of inheritance, but authors have suggested autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sporadic and familial occurrences. The absence of the prepuce and hyperpigmentation of the anterior abdominal wall as was seen in our patient has not been reported. More case reports are needed to delineate the spectrum of clinical features in AMS.
Phenotypic Profile and Antibiogram of Biofilm-Producing Bacteria Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Usman Yahaya , Bakari Adamu Girei , Abdullahi Idris Nasir , Ahmad Abdurrahman El-Fulaty , Sani-Bello Fatima , Sagay Atiene Solomon , Olayinka Adebola Tolulope
Published: November 2021

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present with high morbidity and reduce patient's quality of life. There is a gross paucity of data on biofilm-producing bacteria in DFU Infection in North-Western Nigeria. The study sought to determine the biofilm-forming ability of bacteria isolates from DFUs and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based cross-sectional study of patients with DFUs was conducted from June 2018 to February 2020. Consecutive biopsies were aseptically collected. Bacteria were isolated and identified using a Microgen kit. Biofilm forming ability and antibiogram of isolates were determined using microtitre plate and disk diffusion methods, respectively.

Results:

Of the 225 participants enrolled, males constituted the majority, 144 (64.0%) with 88 (36.0%) females, the median age of participants was 54 (48–60) years, and the age range was 36–77 years. A total of 172 bacteria were isolated, and 123 (71.5%) were biofilm producers.Staphylococcus aureus(26.7%) was the highest biofilm producer, while Citrobacter freundii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were the least biofilm producers, 1 (0.6%) each. A disproportionate resistance pattern was demonstrated among the biofilm and non-biofilm producers against the cephalosporins tested, ceftazidime (68% vs. 18%), ceftriaxone (50% vs. 8.0%) and cefotaxime (21% vs. 0.0%). About 46% and 68% of the biofilm producers were resistant to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. While only 2% of the non-biofilm producers were resistant to imipenem, 11% of the biofilm producers were resistant to it.

Conclusion:

These findings revealed a high proportion of biofilm-producing bacteria and were more resistant than non-biofilm producers.
Risk of Exposure of Dental Personnel to COVID-19 and their Compliance with COVID-19 Safety Guidance for the Dental Practice
Authors: Egbunah Uchenna P. , Orenuga Omolola O. , Adeyemo Wasiu L.
Published: November 2021

Background:

To curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several guidelines for dental practice were proposed by dental practice regulating bodies. Assessing the level of compliance to these guidelines by dental personnel will provide an evidence-based report of their adherence to COVID-19 guidance and if improvement on this is required.

Aim:

To assess the risk of exposure of dental personnel to COVID-19 in the dental facility and their level of compliance with COVID-19 guidance for the dental practice.

Methodology:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Dental Centre of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, (LUTH) Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were dental personnel (resident doctors/house officers, dental nurses, dental hygienists and dental technologists) at the Dental Centre, LUTH. COVID-19 risk assessment and compliance with COVID-19 dental practice guidance were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 131 dental personnel aged 29.4 ± 5.16 years participated in this study. High risk of COVID-19 exposure was noted in trainees in conservative dentistry, paediatric dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and in dental hygienists. Eight dental personnel (6.1%) reported a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Majority of included specialties reported a low (<50%) to moderate (>50%– <80%) level of compliance with the pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment guidance.

Conclusion:

Although dental personnel at the Dental Centre, LUTH had a high risk of exposure to COVID-19, they showed low-to-moderate compliance with pre-treatment, during treatment and post-treatment guidance which led to a relatively high incidence of COVID-19 transmission in the dental clinic.
Thyroid Dose and Cancer Risk from Head and Neck Computed Tomography at Two Selected Centres in Nigeria
Authors: Awe Olufisayo Olalekan , Obed Rachel Ibhade , Adekanmi Ademola Joseph , Ogbole Godwin I. , Agbele Alaba Tolulope
Published: November 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the thyroid glands' radiation dose and the risk of thyroid cancer induction from head or neck computed tomography (CT) examinations.

Methods:

In a prospective study, we evaluated all participants of all ages and sex referred for Head or Neck CT Scan at the University College Hospital, Ibadan and Me Cure Healthcare Limited, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Thyroid radiation dose was estimated with impact scan calculator, and real-time dose measurement with thermoluminescent badge dosimeters (TLDs). Data were analysed and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

One hundred and sixty-three participants (128 adults and 35 children) participated in the study. In most participants (74%), the tube voltage was 120 kVp. The estimated median thyroid gland dose by the imPACT scan calculator was 4.95 mGy (range = 1.20–30.0 mGy) and 4.40 mGy (range = 3.0–5.10 mGy), while the real-time dose measured by the TLD was 4.79 mGy (range = 1.73–96.7 mGy) and 2.33 mGy (range = 1.20–3.73 mGy) at Centre A and B, respectively. The estimated median thyroid cancer risk was 2.88 × 10−6 (maximum range of 52 × 10−6) at centre A and a median value of 3.20 × 10−6 with a cancer risk estimate that may reach 17.9 × 10−6 recorded at centre B, compared to a cumulative thyroid cancer risk of 0.12 × 10−5 among the general Nigerian population.

Conclusions:

Scanner specifications and technique may significantly contribute to variations seen in thyroid radiation doses. There may be a need to optimise centre protocols and apply dose reference levels for head and neck CT examinations to reduce thyroid cancer risk in Nigeria.
Autologous platelet-rich plasma eye drop for moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers
Authors: Fitriana Prili Olda , Pawiroranu Suhardjo , Widayanti Tri Wahyu , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo , Mahayana Indra Tri
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE:

The objective of this study was to evaluate interleukin-6 (IL-6) tear concentration and clinical outcome in patients with moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers post autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drop therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a pre–post designed study involving 21 moderate-severe corneal ulcer patients who got autologous PRP eye drop. Subjects were got autologous PRP eye drop as adjuvant therapy. Patients with moderate-to-severe infectious bacterial corneal ulcers were included in this study. Tear sampling was performed before therapy using sterile Schirmer paper from conjunctival inferior fornix. PRP therapy was performed for 7 days. Data recording and tear sampling were then performed at day 0 (pre-PRP), day 7 (D+7), and day 14 (D+14) after PRP therapy. Data recording included presence of pericorneal injection, blepharospasm, size of corneal defects, and hypopyon.

RESULTS:

There was a decrease in IL-6 tear concentration by day 14 after PRP therapy (P < 0.001). IL-6 concentration at day 7 after therapy (7525.67 ± 7092 pg/mL) tended to be lower before therapy (10,599 ± 6158 pg/mL), but not statistically significant (P = 0.156). The size of corneal defects decreased significantly post PRP at day 7 (P = 0.035) and at day 14 (P = 0.001). There was a significant blepharospasm at day 7 (P = 0.012) and day 14 (P < 0.001). There was a significant pericorneal injection only at day 14 (P = 0.002). There was no significant decreased hypopyon.

CONCLUSION:

There was a significant reduction in IL-6 tear concentration and clinical improvement in moderate-to-severe bacterial corneal ulcers which got autologous PRP eye drop as adjuvant therapy.
Development of Guidelines on the Primary Prevention of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Ki Seungkook , Yun Ji-hye , Lee Yunhwan , Won Chang-Won , Kim Miji , Kim Chang-O , Son Ki Young , Park Hyuntae , Park Saejong , Lee Kyung-Eun , Son Sang Joon , Kim Kirang , Kim Mi Kyung , Kim Jinhee
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite the increasing number of older adults as the population ages, there is a lack of frailty prevention guidelines for community-dwelling older adults. The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study conducted systematic review on contributors to frailty and developed guidelines on the primary prevention of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.Methods: This study updated a previous systematic review of contributors to frailty by adding the most recent articles. Based on this updated systematic review, experts in geriatrics and gerontology developed guidelines for preventing frailty using the Delphi method.Results: These guidelines categorized the recommendations into physical activity, resilience, oral health, management of non-communicable diseases, involvement in society, smoking cessation, and eating various kinds of food.Conclusion: Unlike previous frailty-related guidelines, this study developed evidence-based frailty prevention guidelines based on a systematic review. The guidelines are expected to contribute to the healthy aging of community-dwelling older adults by the primary prevention of frailty.
Case Report: Molecular Diagnosis of Cystoisospora belli in a Severely Immunocompromised Patient with HIV and Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Iordanov Roumen Borilov , Leining Lauren M. , Wu Meng , Chan Galant , DiNardo Andrew R. , Mejia Rojelio
Published: November 2021

Diarrhea in an immunocompromised patient has a broad infectious differential. Diagnosis is difficult despite advances in diagnostic modalities. We report a case of a 45-year-old Nigerian woman who immigrated to the United States 2 years ago. She presented to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding, newly diagnosed HIV, and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma. During hospitalization, the patient had an onset of watery diarrhea and high eosinophilia. Subsequent stool analysis using multi-parallel real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for 13 parasites was positive for Cystoisospora belli. The patient was treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, but had relapsed disease when her antibiotics were stopped prematurely. After restarting trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, her diarrhea and eosinophilia improved, and she had undetectable Cystoisospora belli DNA on repeat stool quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This case highlights the importance of a thorough workup for diarrhea, including parasites, especially for immunocompromised patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended in patients with Cystoisospora belli and HIV/AIDS.
Chikungunya Virus Infects the Heart and Induces Heart-Specific Transcriptional Changes in an Immunodeficient Mouse Model of Infection
Authors: Langsjoen Rose M. , Zhou Yiyang , Holcomb Richard J. , Routh Andrew L.
Published: November 2021

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted pathogen in family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Although CHIKV is well known for its ability to cause debilitating rheumatoid-like arthritis, it has been also been observed to cause cardiovascular symptoms such as arrhythmias. Here, using samples from a previous study, we sequenced RNA from serum, kidney, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle from CHIKV- and mock-infected IFN-αR−/− mice using two sequencing techniques to investigate heart-specific changes in virus mutational profiles and host gene expression. Mutation rates were similar across muscle tissues although heart tissue carried heart-specific CHIKV minority variants, one of which had a coding change in the nsP3 gene and another in the 3′UTR. Importantly, heart-specific transcriptional changes included differential expression of genes critical for ion transport and muscle contraction. These results demonstrate that CHIKV replicates in the hearts of immunodeficient mice and induce heart-specific mutations and host responses with implications for cardiac pathologies.
Crescimento mínimo e retomada de crescimento in vitro em brotações de Luehea divaricata
Authors: Silva Karol Buuron da , Reiniger Lia Rejane Silveira , Rabaiolli Silvia Machado dos Santos , Serrote Caetano Miguel Lemos , Stefanel Charlene Moro
Published: November 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sorbitol e do período de cultivo in vitro sobre o crescimento mínimo e a subsequente retomada do crescimento de brotações de Luehea divaricata. Foram realizados dois ensaios, um de crescimento mínimo e o outro de retomada de crescimento. No crescimento mínimo, observou-se redução nas médias de sobrevivência, estabelecimento, número de folhas e de raízes primárias e secundárias na presença de sorbitol. Quando se considerou o período, observou-se redução aos 30 dias seguida de aumento e estabilização nas médias de raízes primárias e secundárias e do número de folhas e de brotos. Na retomada de crescimento, a presença de sorbitol promoveu uma redução significativa nas médias de sobrevivência, estabelecimento, número de folhas e de brotos. Somente a partir dos 120 dias observou-se um decréscimo das médias na sobrevivência e estabelecimento. A presença de sorbitol é importante para realizar a conservação in vitro de L. divaricata via crescimento mínimo, o qual pode ser realizado por um período de até 120 dias. A subsequente retomada de crescimento das brotações conservadas na presença de sorbitol é limitada a 90 dias.
Use of drugs to treat symptoms and acute conditions during pregnancy in outpatient care in Switzerland between 2014 and 2018: analysis of Swiss healthcare claims data
Authors: Gerbier Eva , Graber Sereina M. , Rauch Marlene , Marxer Carole A. , Meier Christoph R. , Baud David , Winterfeld Ursula , Blozik Eva , Surbek Daniel , Spoendlin Julia , Panchaud Alice
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the use of drugs during pregnancy in Switzerland is lacking.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate utilisation of prescribed drugs during pregnancy in outpatient care in Switzerland, focusing on treatments for pain, infections, gastro-oesophageal reflux, nausea/vomiting, and constipation.
METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study using the Swiss Helsana claims database (2014–2018). We established a cohort of pregnancies by identifying deliveries and estimating the date of the last menstrual period. We identified claims for the following drugs during pregnancy; analgesics (opioids, paracetamol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), oral antibiotics, antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), anti-nausea drugs (propulsives and 5HT3-antagonists), and laxatives. Within these drug groups we quantified exposure prevalence to the most prescribed drugs (to >1% of pregnancies) during pregnancy as well as to specific potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic drugs during specific risk periods. Results were extrapolated relative to the demographic distribution of the Swiss population.
RESULTS: We identified an extrapolated population of 369,371 pregnancies, with a weighted mean maternal age of 32.0 years (weighted standard deviation 5.1). Analgesics were claimed in 34.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33.9–35.0%) of pregnancies, most frequently paracetamol (30.3%, 29.8–30.8%), followed by NSAIDs (8.6%, 8.3–8.8%), and opioids (2.6%, 2.4–2.8%). NSAIDs were claimed in 1.3% (1.2–1.4%) of pregnancies after week 24, and opioids were claimed in 1.3% (1.2–1.4%) in trimester 3. Antibiotics were dispensed in 26.3% (25.8–26.8%) of pregnancies, most frequently amoxicillin (14.6%, 95% CI 14.2–14.9%). Claims for potentially teratogenic or fetotoxic antibiotics during risk periods were each recorded in <0.6% of pregnancies. PPIs were claimed in 16.0% (15.6–16.3%) and antacids in 10.6% (10.3–11.0%) of pregnancies, but several antacid products are not reimbursed and thus not present in insurance claims. Anti-nausea drugs were claimed in 16.4% (16.0–16.7%) of pregnancies, most frequently metoclopramide in 14.4% (14.0–14.7%). Ondansetron was mainly dispensed in trimester 1, 1.0% (0.9–1.1%). In total, 6.4% (6.2–6.7%) of pregnancies had a claim for laxatives, most frequently for macrogol (2.4%, 95% CI 2.2–2.5%).
CONCLUSION: The observed pattern of claimed drugs during pregnancy is in line with existing treatment guidelines. Exposure to potentially teratogenic and fetotoxic drugs was small, but given the lack of recorded diagnosis, we cannot determine if their use was clinically indicated.
Perceptions of vaccination certificates among the general population in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Nehme Mayssam , Baysson Helene , Pullen Nick , Wisniak Ania , Pennacchio Francesco , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Fargnoli Vanessa , Kaiser Laurent , Hurst Samia , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Stringhini Silvia , Guessous Idris
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the public perception of COVID-19 vaccination certificates as well as potential differences between individuals.
METHODS: Between 17 March and 1 April 2021, a self-administered online questionnaire was proposed to all persons aged 18 years and older participating in the longitudinal follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Geneva, Switzerland. The questionnaire covered aspects of individual and collective benefits, and allowed participants to select contexts in which vaccination certificates should be presented. Results were presented as the proportion of persons agreeing or disagreeing with the implementation of vaccination certificates, selecting specific contexts where certificates should be presented, and agreeing or disagreeing with the potential risks related to certificates. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for factors associated with certificate non-acceptance.
RESULTS: Overall, 4067 individuals completed the questionnaire (response rate 77.4%; mean age 53.3 ± standard deviation 14.4 years; 56.1% were women). About 61.0% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that a vaccination certificate was necessary in certain contexts and 21.6% believed there was no context where vaccination certificates should be presented. Contexts where a majority of participants perceived a vaccination certificate should be presented included jobs where others would be at risk of COVID-related complications (60.7%), jobs where employees would be at risk of getting infected (58.7%), or to be exempt from quarantine when travelling abroad (56.0%). Contexts where fewer individuals perceived the need for vaccination certificates to be presented were participation in large gatherings (36.9%), access to social venues (35.5%), or sharing the same workspace (21.5%). Younger age, no intent for vaccination, and not believing vaccination to be an important step in surmounting the pandemic were factors associated with certificate non-acceptance.
CONCLUSION: This large population-based study showed that the general adult population in Geneva, Switzerland, agreed with the implementation of vaccination certificates in work-related and travel-related contexts. However, this solution was perceived as unnecessary for access to large gatherings or social venues, or to share the same workspace. Differences were seen with age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and vaccination willingness and perception, highlighting the importance of taking personal and sociodemographic variation into consideration when predicting acceptance of such certificates.
DUYGUSAL ZEKÂ VE TÜKENMİŞLİK: BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ÖRS Faruk , ÇİLLİOĞLU KARADEMİR Aslı
Published: November 2021

Özellikle 2000’li yıllardaki çalışmalarda duygusal zekânın iş başarısına yüksek etkisinin olduğu görüldükçe duygusal zekâ konusu işletmelerin daha fazla ilgisini çekmiştir. Benzer şekilde, tükenmişlik sürecinde kişinin iş ve bireysel hayatında çok çeşitli etkilerin hissedilmesi, bireyleri ve iş verenleri bu konu üzerinde daha fazla düşünmeye ve emek sarf etmeye yöneltmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’de 2006-2019 yılları arasında duygusal zekâ ve tükenmişlik değişkenlerinin birlikte ele alındığı ulusal lisansüstü tezler ve makaleler bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların genellikle eğitim ve sağlık sektöründe hazırlandığı, buna paralel olarak en fazla kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin sağlık çalışanları ve eğitim iş göreni kelimeleri olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmaların biri hariç tamamında ampirik yöntem tercih edilmiştir. Tezlerin ağırlıkta olduğu örneklemde her çalışmada yaklaşık 88 olmak üzere toplamda 1934 kaynak kullanılmıştır. Tez çalışmalarında ulusal kaynak kullanımı, makale çalışmalarında ise uluslararası kaynak kullanımı daha fazladır. En çok atıf verilen üç yazar, duygusal zekâ ve tükenmişlik kavramsal çerçevesini çizen ilk araştırmacılardan Mayer ve Maslach, Goleman ile Salovey olmuştur. Sonuçlara göre özellikle, iki değişkenin birlikte ele alındığı çalışma sayısının sınırlı olması ve belirli sektörlerde yürütülmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu noktada, Türkiye’de bu iki konuyla ilgili kuramsal çalışmalar yapılarak alana katkı sağlanabileceği ve çeşitli sektörler arasında tükenmişlik seviyeleri ve duygusal zekâ özelliği farklılıklarının tespit edilmesinin yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.