bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kurikulum Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional
Authors: Widyastono Herry
Published: April 2018

Since the government of Indonesia has launched the Decree of Republic Indonesia Number 20 year 2003 regarding The National Education System and The Government Regulation year 2005 in relation to National Education Standard, the government was implemented the schoolâ€™s piloting on international standard. However, in itsâ€™ curriculum development was not expected with the intended regulation. The expectation of the school curriculum is supposed to be the curriculum used by the country under the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). The intended curriculum in this matter particularly is the curriculum used by the educational concern which is reference to the Graduate Competence Standard (SKL) and the Content Standard (SI) that all enrich to with reference to the OECD member country or the curriculum used by developed countries. To enrich the curriculum can be done by two ways. First is adaptation. It means to adapt certain part of the National Education Standard with reference to the OECD member countries. Second is adoption. It means to add some certain parts of curriculum of the OECD member countries or others which is not included in the national content standard. Therefore, the graduates have qualification from both the national education system as well as from the OECD member countries.Â ABSTRAKSejak berlakunya UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional dan PP Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan, Pemerintah telah menyelenggarakan rintisan sekolah bertaraf internasional (RSBI). Namun, dalam pengembangan kurikulumnya belum seperti yang diharapkan. Kurikulum yang digunakan seharusnya kurikulum yang disusun dan dilaksanakan oleh masing-masing satuan pendidikan mengacu pada Standar Kompetensi Lulusa (SKL) dan Standar Isi (SI) yang â€œdiperkayaâ€ dengan mangacu pada kurikulum salah satu negara anggota Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) dan/atau negara maju lainnya yang mempunyai keunggulan tertentu di bidang pendidikan. â€œDiperkayaâ€ dapat dilaksanakan melalui dua cara: 1) Adaptasi, yaitu penyesuaian unsur unsurÂ tertentu yangsudah ada dalam SI/SKL dengan mengacu pada kurikulum salah satu negara anggotaÂ OECD dan/atau negara maju lainnya, dan 2) Adopsi, yaitu penambahan unsur-unsur tertentu yang belum ada dalam SI/SKL dengan mengacu pada kurikulum salah satu negara anggota OECD dan/atau negara maju lainnya. Dengan demikian, lulusannya dapat memiliki sertifikat (ijazah) dari Indonesia dan dari alah satu negara anggota OECD dan/atau negara maju lainnya.Â
Kritik Sosial Terhadap Praktik Pendidikan Dalam Film â€œLaskar Pelangiâ€
Authors: Martono Nanang
Published: April 2018

This article is an analysis of the criticisms of the practice of education in Indonesia. This criticism is based on the storyline presented in the â€œLaskar Pelangiâ€ (LP) movie. This article aims to analyze the essence of the LP movie seen through the sociologycal perspective. The essence of the film is more focused on social criticism conveyed through this film. Theoretically, education has two conflicting functions. According to the functional perspective, the positive function of education are transmit values across generations. Instead, the conflict perspective to explain that education actually leads to social inequality. More symbolic interactionism perspective see how the actors involved in the education process related to each other. Some of the criticism is delivered in between the formal education process that leaves the essence of education itself, the exclusivity of school functions, the formalization of education, inequality of access to education for lower-class society that cause social inequality, educational autonomy have not fully autonomous and the dichotomy of your favorite school and favorite. These conditions that characterize the dynamics of ational education so far has led to social inequality.Â ABSTRAKArtikel ini merupakan analisis mengenai kritik terhadap praktik pendidikan di Indonesia. Kritik ini lebih didasarkan pada alur cerita yang disampaikan dalam film â€œLaskar Pelangiâ€ (LP). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis esensi film LP yang dilihat melalui kaca mata sosiologi. Esensi film lebih difokuskan pada kritik sosial yang disampaikan melalui film ini. Secara teoritis, pendidikan memiliki dua fungsi yang saling bertentangan. Menurut perspektif fungsional, pendidikan berfungsi positif untuk mentransmisikan nilai-nilai antargenerasi. Sebaliknya, perspektif konflik menjelaskan bahwa pendidikan justru menyebabkan terjadinya ketimpangan sosial. Perspektif interaksionisme simbolik lebih melihat pada bagaimana aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam proses pendidikan saling berhubungan. Beberapa kritik yang disampaikan di antaranya adalah mengenai proses pendidikan formal yang meninggalkan hakikat pendidikan itu sendiri, eksklusifitas fungsi sekolah, formalisasi pendidikan, ketidakmerataan akses pendidikan bagi masyarakat kelas bawah yang menyebabkan ketidaksetaraan sosial, otonomi pendidikan yang sepenuhnya belum otonom serta dikotomi sekolah favorit dan tidak favorit. Kondisi-kondisi inilah yang mewarnai dinamika pendidikan nasional sampai saat ini yang telah menyebabkan terjadinya ketidaksetaraan sosial.Â
Cüce Hamsterlerin (Phodopus roborovskii) Genital Dokularında Androjen Reseptör Lokalizasyonu
Authors: Gür Fatih Mehmet , Timurkaan Sema , Baygeldi Saime Betül , Özkan Zait Ender , Aslan Kanmaz Yeşim , Gür Hatice Emel , İlgün Ramazan , Gençer Tarakçı Berrin
Published: April 2018

Androgens perform the their effects on target tissues mainly through the androgen receptor (AR). In this study, AR localization was investigated in female and male dwarf hamsters genital tissues. In the present study, 6 female and 6 male animals were used. After anesthesia, the tissues to be worked were quickly removed from the body and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained after microwave antigen retrieval for immunohistochemistry. Although AR positive immunostaining was observed only in cell nuclei in testis, caput epididymis, prostate gland and vesicle seminalis tissues, it was observed in cytoplasm or nucleus of the cells in the ovarium and oviduct tissues. AR localization in dwarf hamster male and female genital tissues was similar to other species. The presence of AR in genital tissues supports the idea that androgens are essential for these tissues.
Farklı Leonardit Düzeylerinin Kıvırcık Yaprak Salatada (Lactuva sativa var. crispa) Su Tüketimi ve Bazı Gelişim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Sesveren Sertan , Taş Berrin
Published: April 2018

In the research, effects of Leonardite which is an important source of humic and fulvic acid applied in different levels on the basis of weight to soil on the water consumption and agricultural productivity in curly leaf salad (Lactuva sativa var. crispa) were evaluated. The study was carried out under the greenhouse conditions as a pot experiment. The soil used was clayey-loamy and the PE pots with 10 L volume were used in the experiment. The study was designed to test random blocks with 3 replications in 4 different treatments. The subjects were formed as L0: (Control), L5: (5% leonardite + 95% soil), L10: (10% leonardite + 90% soil) and L20: (20% leonardite + 80% soil). Plant water depletions were monitored by weighing the pots. The highest water consumption was achieved with 9.74 L for L0 control (non-leonardite applied potting soil), while it was lowest as 7.20 L for the L20. The effect of the Leonardite applied as different levels on the yield and some growth parameters were found statistically significant (P
Morphology, Pathogenicity and Management of Coniella Fruit Rot (Coniella granati) on Pomegranate
Authors: Uysal Aysun , Kurt Şener , Soylu Emine Mine , Kara Merve , Soylu Soner
Published: April 2018

One of the objectives of the study was to identify the fungus involved in fruit rot on pomegranates in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The fungus designated as Coniella granati (Saccardo) Petrak and Sydow based on morphological characteristics. The fungus colonized the fruit after 5 to 8 days, followed by the appearance of fruit rot symptoms leading to the formation of abundant pycnidia covering the peel. Secondly, the efficacy of fungicides against C. granati was evaluated by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Tebuconazole, boscalid+pyraclostrobin and iprodione at 1.0, 25, and 50 μgml-1 concentrations, respectively, completely inhibited mycelial growth. In the azoxystrobin and dodine, relatively higher concentrations required to inhibit mycelial growth. Tebuconazole exhibited the greatest inhibition (82.2%) of mycelium growth. The EC50 values in mycelial growth of C. granati ranged from 0.13 to 151.9. The highest EC50 values occurred for tebuconazole (0.13μgml-1). Tebuconazole, boscalid+pyraclostrobin and iprodione at 200, 10 and 5 μgml-1 concentrations, respectively, were the highly effective in inhibiting conidial germination. Azoxystrobin exhibited a low effect (61%) on conidial germination. The EC50 values on conidial germination of C. granati ranged from 0.2 to 28.7. Tebuconazole had the lowest EC50 value, while boscalid+pyraclostrobin exhibited the highest EC50 value.
Magical Realism Revisited: The Intimate Relationship between Reality and Fantasy in African Literature in English
Authors: Mposa Tukumbeje
Published: April 2018

Magical realism as an artistic genre has been specified principally as a literary genre in its development. It is generally thought to have originated in South American folklore and literary writing, but this is a creative style that is quintessentially African. Defying a neat definition, magical realism is understood in this article as about human beings interacting with their environment. Characterised by elements of the fantastic woven into a narrative with a sense of presentation, magical realism is controversial. The controversy ranges from political undertones where critics have thought the term a postcolonial label employed by colonisers to marginalise the fiction of the colonised to express alterity. In African oral literature, magical realism is a genre that has serves to reveal the intimate relationship between reality and fantasy. The focus in this article is therefore on the use of magical realism as a device in selected African literary works in English to show that this device is not only employed by third world writers to cover up their lack of artistic merit, but also to instill cultural values and norms. The intention is also to indicate the often subordinated grandeur of African oral and literary classics.
Samba Power:Brazil's Modern Foreign Policy Directives towards the African Continent
Authors: De Guzman Augusto
Published: April 2018

The following research paper has as the objective of analysing the development, implementation and results of Brazilian foreign policy towards the African continent. A brief, yet important historical background with relevant demographic and national attributes is included, with the focus on the history of foreign policy between the two from its recognition of the newly independent African states since the late 1950s and into the administrations of the last two Brazilian heads of state and government, Luis Inacio “Lula” Da Silva (2003-2010) and Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). It is precisely during these last two periods where Africa became one of the top priorities for reaching and maintaining Brazilian national interests through international relations. The path chosen to pursue these goals is one related to what liberal and constructivist theories of international relations call soft power, a doctrine, in the Brazilian method, that emphasizes cultural, historical and ethnic links to Africa. Nevertheless, a delicate balance must be preserved with the domestic realities and constraints felt back in the home front, Brazil itself still being a country on the way to becoming truly “developed”, with many social problems remaining.
The End of American World Order, by Amitav Acharya
Authors: Zondi Siphamandla
Published: April 2018

Book Review
Improving Process Quality by Means of Accurate and Traceable Calibration of Flow Devices with Process-oriented Liquids
Authors: Bissig Hugo , Tschannen Martin , De Huu Marc
Published: April 2018

Calibration of flow devices is important in several areas of pharmaceutical, flow chemistry and health care applications where volumetric dosage or delivery at given flow rates are crucial for the process. Although most of the flow devices are measuring flow rates of process-oriented
liquids, their calibrations are often performed with water as calibration liquid. It is recommended to perform the calibrations of the flow devices with process-oriented liquids as the liquid itself might influence the performance of the flow devices. Therefore, METAS has developed facilities
with METAS flow generators to address the issue of measuring with process-oriented liquids for flow rates from 400 ml/min down to 50 nl/min with uncertainties from 0.07–0.9 %. Traceability is guaranteed through the calibration of the generated flow rates of the METAS flow generators
by means of the dynamic gravimetric method where a liquid of well-known density and a well-controlled evaporation rate is used. The design of the milli-flow facility will be discussed as well as first measurement results of the METAS flow generators in the range of micro-flow and milli-flow
using water and other liquids.
Türkiye’de İlahiyat Fakülteleri Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümlerinde Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmaları ve Bazı Yöntembilimsel Sorunlar
Authors: Taştan Abdulvahap
Published: April 2018

Türkiye’de ilahiyat fakülteleri felsefe ve din
bilimleri bölümlerinde okutulan din sosyolojisi, din psikolojisi, dinler tarihi,
din eğitimi vb. dersler, ilgili bilim dallarının bir alt dalı olarak
konumlanmaktadır. Örneğin din sosyolojisi, hem genel sosyoloji ve metodolojiye
(nesnellik) hem de ilahiyat alanına (normatiflik) bağlı bir disiplindir. Bu
ikili durum birtakım sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Birincisi, bu öğrencilerin
lisans düzeyinde ana disiplinlerin kuramsal ve metodolojik eğitimini yeterli
düzeyde alamayışıdır. İkinci sorun ise öğrenci ya da araştırmacı rolünde ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Lisansüstü eğitim, bu rolün kazanıldığı ve pratik edildiği süreçle
ilişkilidir. Bu süreçte temel ilgi alanı da yöntem bilgisidir. Sosyal
bilimlerde yöntem tartışmalarının doğası gereği, doğa bilimlerine bağımlılıktan
kaynaklanan ikircikli bir yapısı vardır. Genelde bu, iki epistemolojiye dayanır:
Pozitivist paradigma ve uzantısı nicel yöntem ile anlayıcı/yorumcu kuram ve
buna dayalı nitel yöntem. Bu çalışmanın temel problemi, ana hatlarıyla ele
alınan sosyal bilimlerde yöntembilimsel uygulamaların ilahiyat fakülteleri
öğrencilerinin sosyal bilimler enstitüleri bünyesinde yaptıkları lisansüstü
eğitim çalışmalarında nasıl bir karşılık bulduğu ve burada yapılan tezlerde
karşılaşılan bazı yöntemsel sorunların ne olduğu ile ilgilidir. Bu çalışmada,
Erciyes Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi mezunu öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
bünyesinde din sosyoloji alanında yapmış olduğu tezlerden hareketle,
nicel-nitel araştırma modellerinin uygulanması ve objektif-normatif bakış
açılarının uzlaştırılmasına/aşılmasına yönelik bulguların tartışılması
amaçlanmıştır.
Poziom dochodów a konsumpcja polskich gospodarstw domowych w latach 2007-2013 w świetle badań statystycznych
Authors: Kachel Katarzyna
Published: April 2018

Thesis put forward stated that changes in the structure of spendings during the period of 2007–2013 were one of the many factors that had impact on the shape of financial condition of households. What is more, it had influence on model consumption among people. All households were taken into consideration in the analysis. Data provided by General Statistical Office of Poland, papers "Household budgets" and "Condition of households in the light of household budgets research" were used to produce this paper. On that basis indicated that changes in structure of income and spendings in Poland are one of the many factors that have impact on financial condition of the members of households.
Zastosowanie metody QFD w projektowaniu usług rekreacyjnych
Authors: Szeliga-Kowalczyk Anna , Łabaza Anna
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the article is to present the applicability of QFD method to the design of recreation services. QFD method is an excellent tool for the design and preparation of service in the way that avoids inconsistency during its delivery, and it takes the customer's requirements into account. Using this method allows to obtain the customer's opinion before the service is provided, thereby allowing service providers to protect themselves from possible dissatisfaction and, consequently, claims and loss of the customer. The analysis of the subject literature and description of  the case study were used as a research method. So far, QFD method has been used mainly in the design of products and production processes. The possibilities of its application in services are very wide, and its usefulness in terms of potential benefits is very high. The first section of the article presents the specificity of recreation services, its characteristics and determinants of proper preparation, as well as the basic forms of providing these services.  The second section concerns the characteristics and a detailed description of QFD method.  The third one presents a practical example of using this method in the design of the selected  recreation service.
Zachowanie społeczeństwa wykorzystującego Indywidualne Konta Emerytalne na tle WIG20
Authors: Wojtasiewicz Tomasz
Published: April 2018

Aim: The topic of the pension pillar III, a voluntary pension scheme, is occasionally addressed in the media making the public wonder whether it is possible to live a dignified life after retirement. The article makes the attempt to show how households’ interest in Individual Retirement Accounts (in the paper referred to as IKE) has changed in relation to the WIG 20 index. The author believes that the behavior of the capital market influences the public in its decision-making with regard to funds accumulation under the IKE pension system.The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between household’s showing interest in setting up an individual retirement account and the WIG20 index fluctuation. The study was conducted based on data spanning 12 years, i.e. from 2004 to 2015. The paper outlines the characteristic features of IKE pension accounts, as well as the impact of the stock index WIG20 on the flow of funds placed with IKE.Research method: The analysis using Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated a small dependency between the number of IKEs and WIG20.Findings: Having examined the different segments if IKE, an unexpected dependency between IKE in a voluntary pension scheme managed by PTE /Universal Pension Fund Company/ and the WIG20 was found.Implications: Investors may find the paper interesting seeing it as a determinant in making investment decisions; it could also be of interest to scholars seeking to investigate in more depth the topic relating to the third-pillar.Limitations: The limitation of the study was lack of data on inactive accounts which have not been deleted.
Prognozowanie dynamiki gospodarczej Niemiec z pomocą modeli warunkowych (1992-2014)
Authors: Łuczyński Wiesław Edward
Published: April 2018

A great diversity characterizes economic dynamics of Germany over a long period of time. This refers to many time series: in some periods, they show large volatility which then moves into stability and stagnation phase, generating specific difficulties in a long-term forecasting of economic dynamics. The aim of the research is the attempt to determine the prognostic efficiency of conditional modelling and to answer the question whether or not conditional errors are significantly smaller than the unconditional ones in long-term forecasting.The research showed that conditional errors (root mean square errors RMSE) of an ex- post forecast did not differ significantly from the unconditional RMSE. The decreasing RMSE of the ex-post forecast for Germany’s  individual economic processes (with the assumption that an intercept occurs in the ARMA procedure) was correlated more strongly with the procedure of filtering economic time series than with the application of the conditional maximum likelihood method (ML) and robust procedures. The relationship between a decreasing  RMSE of the ex-post forecast and the application  of conditional ML methods occurs in ARMAX forecasts (with exogenous processes) for data filtered with  Hodrick - Prescott (HP) filter. It is worth pointing out that a relatively high prognostic efficiency of the robust (resistant) estimation of quantile regression occurs for the economic series linearized with the help of  the TRAMO/SEATS method.
Procedury rangowania w metodzie DEMATEL
Authors: Dytczak Mirosław , Ginda Grzegorz
Published: April 2018

DEMATEL is an efficient tool for the identification of cause-effect relations which link the objects considered. A dynamical development of its popularity in recent years has resulted in numerous efforts to eliminate its weaknesses and to extend its application potential. For example, one of the attempts involved transforming  it into a universal decision-making support tool aimed at weighting and ranking objects seamlessly. A critical review of the existing weighting and ranking extensions in DEMATEL is, therefore, presented in the paper. Conclusions about the usefulness of the available extensions have been drawn based on the results of an exemplary analysis.
Ocena działalności polskich funduszy nieruchomości likwidowanych w planowanych terminach
Authors: Trzebiński Artur Arkadiusz
Published: April 2018

Aim: The purpose of this article is to assess the efficiency of management of real estate funds by managers and profitability of funds.Design / Research methods: The study used elements of financial analysis and case studies.Conclusions / findings: The results of the survey indicate the low yields of the real estate funds surveyed (only one fund brought profits to the investors, the remaining 5 losses) and the low efficiency of the managers and the high cost-of-operation of the real estate funds. The research has shown the low effectiveness of investment strategies and business models that require changes and other solutions.Originality / value of the article: The study covered the real estate funds that were liquidated or liquidated started in the managerial terms, which allows to assess the effectiveness of managers at every stage of life funds. The research is a continuation of the author's earlier research. According to author's knowledge, no similar studies have been published so far.
Reflection on the Sustainability and Multilevel Antifragility Workshop
Authors: Berger David N
Published: April 2018

Aim: The aim of this article is to provide a brief reflection on the campus sustainability workshop that was held on May 13th, 2016 at the WSB University in Wroclaw. The topic of sustainability, and identifying critical threats to sustainability at the institutional level and beyond is of major concern.Design / Research methods: This reflection relies on a critical review of the discussion and materials presented during the workshop, and the opinion of the author. The observation and participation of the author and fellow participants played a crucial role in shaping the reflection.Conclusions / findings: Firstly, the conclusion drawn is that the methodology used by the host should be more clearly specified, and the questions should be focused and separated, in order to properly research them. Secondly, given the data that was available, that the study of fragilization in this context should focus on Safe to Fail, instead of Fail Safe approaches, to prevent catastrophic failure events.Originality / value of the article: The value of this reflection lies in the primary research interest, however, institutions may benefit from the analysis and opinions suggested. Without properly redesigning the study methodology to be more specific, the value of this research in its current form is limited, this author looks forward to the future work on the topic.
Reflections about the Wroclaw International Workshop on Campus Sustainability
Authors: Zepeda Quintana David Slim , Velazquez Contreras Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Over the last decades, Sustainable Development (SD) has been a focal point in a large number of international political and academic settings. In order to encourage this change, education needs to evolve into an education committed with the sustainability, particularly higher education (Lambrechts, et al. 2013). This paper aims to describe experiences and remarks regarding The International Workshop on Campus Sustainability held on Wroclaw, Poland on May 2016. The objective of this workshop was identify fragilities and weaknesses in higher education institutions, which can lead to irreversible loses. As a follow-up, in June of 2016, a replication workshop was held in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico with the objective of exploring new outcomes and gain more knowledge in identifying fragilities and weaknesses in higher education institutions. As a result, it is intended to create a new set of indicators of fragility that contribute in our path towards SD.
Osobowościowe uwarunkowania dopasowania pracownika do charakteru pracy
Authors: Oleksa Karolina
Published: April 2018

Aim: Over the last twenty years there have been numerous studies showing significant relationships between personality dimensions and predisposition to doing a job of a specific character. The aim of this research is to examine the relationships between personality, job characteristics and perceived job satisfaction with a view to demonstrate the rationale behind the application of personality tests as the tool for predicting the employee’s fitting the job specification in the recruitment process.Design / Research methods: In order to verify the selected relationships, a quantitative study on a group of Polish workers (N = 302) was carried out. It correlated five personality dimensions (tested by the NEO-FFI questionnaire) with the level of employee’s satisfaction and the work characteristics (questionnaires made by the author were used).The satisfaction level was determined based on employees’ job assessment and professional career development, while the character of the job was examined according to seven scales: individual vs. team work, complexity of tasks, application of new technologies, procedures, customer contact, influence on customer’s emotions, dependence on supervisor.Conclusions / findings: The results of the analyses showed that each personality dimension was significantly different for respondents satisfied with their performance of work of a particular nature. This can confirm the use of personality tests in the recruitment process; however, some factors need to be taken into account, including, among others, organizational environment or specific job demands.Originality / value of the article: The article is an attempt to link comprehensively different studies focusing on the association between personality and the type of work performed, with this objective being expanded by adding a moderate variable - job satisfaction, which allows one to determine the extent to which the type of work fits a particular dimension of personality.Implications of the research: The implicational value pertains to recruitment and selection processes, justifying the validity of the personality test application in recruitment processes. Limitations of the research: In the future, it would be useful to enlarge the group examined in order to be able to generalize the results and add other moderate variables, such as, for example, organizational demands shaping the character of work.
Public Pension Fund Structure And Mechanisms: A Case Study Of The Tanzanian Pension Funds System
Authors: Mpinga Zubeda Chande , Westerman Wim
Published: April 2018

Good governance structures have become an issue of public interest, including public pension systems. This study assesses the pension funds governance in Tanzania, with a special focus on board of trustees’ issues. The growing interest referred to, is partly because the quality and performance of the funds trustees determines the income flows to which members are entitled and promised, as well as any shortfalls thereof, that may require interventions. Our findings suggest that board of trustees play an important role for funds governance and hence performance. The pension fund structure and mechanisms in Tanzania uphold high standards. Yet, a major issue is that the board selection seems to be politically motivated and that the government claims most board seats, making conflicts of interest likely to occur repeatedly.
Planning a market exit strategy for manufacturers of consumer goods when entering foreign markets
Authors: Döring Maik
Published: April 2018

Aim: The internal market for manufacturers of consumer products companies is often too small in order to grant long-term success. Therefore, companies expand and enter foreign markets. This paper presents a planning process for market penetration for the selected foreign market, which will show the possibility of a withdrawal and shows also whether an exit scenario is planned by manufacturers of consumer products and when companies tend to think about a market exit.Design / Research methods: First, the literature was studied. Based on this, hypothesis were prepared. This was followed by a telephone survey of decision-makers from German manufacturers of the consumer products companies. Conclusions / findings: A planning process for market penetration was developed, which shows next to the market entry also the market exit. Additional this paper shows that manufacturers of consumer products companies can be better prepared for a market exit than companies without an exit strategy, in particular, if the manufacturer sets out relevant economic parameters for the foreign market which determine whether to remain in the market or leave.Originality / value of the article: When analysing literature on planning processes for market entry, it becomes clear that an exit strategy is not planned. This may indicate that the authors did not consider a market exit and/or anticipate this as a worst case in their market entry assumption.Implications of the research: The last market entry of the surveyed companies usually occurred recently. For market exit results to be determined, a further consultation of the companies examined should be undertaken over a longer period of time.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agency Cost dan Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Maryam Dewi
Published: April 2018

This study aims to examine the effect of capital structure, the size of the company to the agency cost and performance of the company. In addition, the indirect influence between capital structure and size of the company to the agency cost is also researched in this study. The study population used in this study were 18 companies in the consumer goods industry sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the study period 2010-2014. Number of sample as the number of population by census method. This study analysis method is path analysis using SPSS software. The results of this study show that there is significant influence negatively the size of the company to the agency cost and there is significant influence negatively agency cost to company performance, there is no influence between capital structure to agency cost and there is no influence of capital structure to the company's performance, and there is no effect of firm size on company performance.
Problematika penentuan fatwa hukum halal Di indonesia
Authors: Fauzi Muchmad
Published: April 2018

Sebagai konsekwensi logis, setiap timbul persoalan, penemuan, maupun aktifitas baru sebagi produk dari kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, umat senantiasa bertanya-tanya, bagaimanakah kedudukan hal tersebut dalam pandangan ajaran dan hukum Islam. Salah satu persoalan yang cukup mendesak yang dihadapi umat adalah membanjirnya perusahaan yang memproduksi makanan minuman olahan yang belum jelas kehalalanya, disamping itu ditemukanya perusahaan yang telah mendapatkan sertifikasi halal namun tidak mematuhi prosedur yang telah ada, Umat, dengan sejalan ajaran Islam, menghendaki agar produk yang akan dikonsumsi tersebut dijamin kehalanya dan kesucianya. Menurut ajaran Islam, mengkonsumsi yang halal, suci, dan baik merupakan perintah agama dan hukumnya adalah wajib. Tulisan ini difokuskan untuk membahas beberapa hal: 1) konsepsi hukum halal haram, 2) Konsepsi pangan halal dalam perundangan Indonesia, 3) lembaga-lembaga fatwa dalam penetapan hukum halal-haram.Saran sitasi: Fauzi, M. (2018). Problematika penentuan fatwa hukum halal Di indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 4(01), 51-62. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v4i1.141
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN BULUNDUKLARI İL EKONOMİSİNE KATKILARI: CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ / Contributions Of University Students To The Provincial Economy: Cumhuriyet University Example
Authors: Erilli Necati Alp
Published: April 2018

Üniversiteler;
toplumun sosyal ve kültürel altyapısını oluşturan en önemli kurumlardan
biridir. Üniversiteye istihdam edilen personeller, kurum için yapılan
harcamalar, yerel sektörler anlaşmaları ve öğrenci harcamaları nedeniyle
üniversiteler; yerel ekonomilerin kalkınmasında önemli etkilere sahiptirler.
Bulundukları bölgenin havasının değişmesine sebep olan üniversiteler, bölgenin
ekonomik faaliyetlerinde de canlanmaya sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada,
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin 2017 yılı için, Sivas ili ekonomisine
katkısı araştırılmıştır. Bunun için Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi öğrencilerine anket
çalışması uygulanmıştır. Anket sonucunda, öğrencilerin çeşitli harcama
kalemlerine göre harcadıkları miktarları tespit edilmiş ve sosyo-ekonomik
özellikleri belirlenmiştir. İstatistiki karşılaştırmalar ile de harcama
kalemlerinin farklılıkları belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
öğrencilerinin Sivas ili ekonomisine katkısı miktar olarak hesaplanmıştır.
GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİ ARASINDA ULUSLARARASI GİRİŞİMCİLİK FAALİYETLERİNİN ÖNEMİ / The Importance Of International Entrepreneurship Activities Between The Transition Economies
Authors: YALMAN Yalçın , NOYAN YALMAN İlkay
Published: April 2018

Merkezi
planlamadan serbest piyasa sistemine geçen bazı Doğu Avrupa ve Sovyetler
Birliğine bağlı ülkeler dünya ile entegre olma sürecine girmişlerdir. Geçiş
ekonomileri olarak isimlendirilen bu ülkeler ya da ülke gruplarında, bu süreçte
dışa açık büyüme modelleri ve uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetleri büyümenin
artmasına yol açmıştır. Uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin artması genel
olarak büyümeyi de olumlu etkilemiştir. Ancak yapısal sorunlar yaşayan ve
rekabet gücü henüz düşük olan ülkelerde uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetleri
büyüme de beklenen etkiyi sağlayamamıştır. Geçiş ekonomileri ekonomik büyümenin
sağlanması için bu sorunları aşarak ticareti serbestleştirme yönünde
politikalar üretmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada geçiş ekonomilerinde ticari
serbestleşmeye paralel olarak gelişen uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin
mevcut durumu ortaya konarak, ülkelerin büyüme ve kalkınmasındaki etkileri
analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaçla DYY, ihracat, ithalat, tarifeler ve iş kurma
maliyetler girişimciliğin dinamikleri olarak kabul edilmiş ve büyüme ile
aralarında nedensellik ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, doğrudan
yabancı yatırımlar ve iş kurma maliyetleri ile büyüme arasında karşılık
nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Yani uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetleri
büyümeye sebep olmaktadır.
GIDA REJİMİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE TÜRKİYE’NİN TARIMSAL DIŞ TİCARETİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME / An Evaluation on Turkish Agricultural Foreign Trade within the Framework of Food Regime
Authors: AYDIN M. Mustafa , AYDIN Bahadır
Published: April 2018

Dünyanın
çeşitli bölgelerinde yaşanan gıda krizleri ve gıda ayaklanmaları, gıdanın
değişen mahiyetinin öneminin vurgulamaktadır. Neoliberalizm ile paralellik arz
eden tarımın değişen yapısını açıklamak üzere çeşitli yaklaşımlar ortaya
atılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlar arasında gıda rejimi analizi, sadece gıda ile ilgili
kavramları açıklamakla kalmaz, bu tarihsel dönüşümü de detaylıca ortaya
koymaktadır. Gıda üretim ve tüketimini belirli tarihsel dönemler itibarıyla ele
alan gıda rejimi, kapitalist sermaye birikimi çerçevesindeki uluslararası
işbölümünü anlamaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Philip McMichael’ın üçlü
gıda rejimi yaklaşımı temel alınmıştır. Gıda rejimi analizi göz önüne
alındığında, Türkiye’nin tarımsal ürün ticaretinde yaşadığı dönüşümün dünya ticaretindeki
değişim ya da işbölümü çerçevesinde yaşanan dönemsel değişimle de paralel
olduğu gözlemlenebilmektedir. 2000’den önce dünyanın en büyük ihracatçısı
ülkesinden biri olan Türkiye, bu konumunu kaybetmiş ve ithalatçı konumuna
düşmüştür. İhracat boyutunu sadece gıda ile sınırlandırmak tarımsal dış ticaret
bilançosunu değerlendirmek için yeterli değildir. Analizi tarımsal hammaddeleri
de dikkate alarak yeniden değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Tarımsal ticarette
ikili bir yapı oluşmuş durumdadır. Gıda ve işlenmiş tarım ürünleri ticaretinde
fazla verilmektedir. Ancak 1980’lerin ortalarından itibaren, tarımsal hammadde
dış ticaretinde açık verilmeye başlanmış ve bu açık günümüze kadar artarak
devam etmiştir. Gıda ve işlenmiş ürünlerde verilen fazla tarımsal hammadde de
verilen açıkları artık karşılamamakta ve genel bir açık ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Impacto potencial del cambio climático en la región productora de durazno en Zacatecas, México
Authors: Medina-García Guillermo , Ruiz-Corral José Ariel , Zegbe Jorge A. , Soria Ruiz Jesús , Rodríguez Moreno Víctor , Díaz Padilla Gabriel
Published: April 2018

En el estado de Zacatecas se localiza la región cultivada con durazno criollo bajo condiciones de temporal más importante de México con una superficie establecida de 12 025 ha. Actualmente a nivel mundial es aceptado que globalmente existe un fenómeno de calentamiento atmosférico global y que en parte ha sido consecuencia del aumento en la concentración de los llamados “gases de efecto invernadero”. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo con índices de cambio climático para la zona duraznera de temporal. Se utilizaron anomalías de temperatura para el período 2011-2060, estimadas con un ensamble de 10 modelos de circulación general, para generar mapas de temperatura futura a partir de la climatología de referencia 1961-2003. Con éstos mapas de temperatura se obtuvieron mapas de horas frío para cinco escenarios futuros. El análisis retrospectivo mostró tendencia en el incremento de la temperatura máxima y mínima y como consecuencia un decremento del frío en el periodo invernal. Con los escenarios futuros de la acumulación de horas frío se cuantificó la disminución promedio de las horas, así como la disminución de la superficie de las áreas con mayor acumulación de frío y el aumento de las áreas con menor acumulación de frío en las zonas de producción. Los resultados evidencian el decremento del frío invernal; sin embargo, dado que los duraznos cultivados son de mediano a bajo requerimiento de frío, se considera que a corto y mediano plazo no habrá impacto de la disminución de las horas frío sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del durazno. No obstante, a mediano plazo será conveniente la introducción y evaluación de variedades con bajo requerimiento de frío como ‘Victoria Temprano’, ‘Fred’ y ‘Michele’. A largo plazo, habrá que buscar nichos con mayor acumulación de frío o variedades con bajo requerimiento de frío.
Comportamiento espacio temporal de la evapotranspiración de referencia en la República Mexicana
Authors: Ruíz Álvarez Osías , Corrales Suastegui Arturo , González Jasso Luis Antonio , Díaz García Luis Antonio , Narváez Mendoza Mario P. , Ontiveros Capurata Ronald Ernesto , Ruíz Corral José Ariel
Published: April 2018

La gestión de los recursos hídricos requiere información precisa relativa a la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETO), variable meteorológica indispensable en la explicación de procesos ambientales físicos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la variabilidad espacial y temporal de ETO en una red de estaciones meteorológicas automáticas durante un período de tres años. Se utilizó el modelo estándar de Penman-Monteith modificado por la FAO (FPM) y se alimentó con velocidad del viento, temperatura y radiación de onda corta; con estas dos últimas variables se obtuvo el déficit de presión de vapor (es- ea) y la radiación neta (Rn). La variabilidad espacial se debe al efecto combinado de las variables que afectan la ETO como son Rn y la humedad atmosférica. En diciembre y enero los valores bajos se ubican al norte del país, en los estados de la costa del golfo y en una porción pequeña del oeste; mientras que estados del sur y centro de México presentan valores más altos. En los meses cálidos los valores más altos se encuentran al norte, noreste, noroeste y norte-centro y más bajos en estados del sur y sureste. Las diferencias de ETO en tiempo y espacio se traducen en diferencias en el ciclo hidrológico y en discrepancias en los volúmenes de riego. Estos resultados significan una base de datos importante para estudios agroclimáticos futuros.
Respuesta del maíz al impacto ambiental ocurrido en las etapas de floración y ciclo vegetativo
Authors: Álvarez-Bravo Arturo , Vidal-Martínez Víctor Antonio , Bojorquez-Serrano José Irán , García-Paredes Diego
Published: April 2018

En México la inf luencia del fenómeno de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) sobre las condiciones meteorológicas gobierna el comportamiento de los cultivos en especial del maíz de temporal. Para la región productora de maíz de temporal en el estado de Nayarit, México; no se dispone de antecedentes que dimensionen esta supuesta inf luencia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el impacto de las fases del ENSO en función de algunas variables meteorológicas sobre el periodo de siembra a floración y por tipo de ciclo vegetativo del maíz. Se utilizó una base de datos fenológica de 15 años de registros de la región de Santa María del Oro donde el INIFAP ha ubicado evaluaciones periódicas desde 1998 de variedades comerciales de maíz. Cuantificándose la meteorología a través de las variables: precipitación pluvial, grados días de desarrollo, evapotranspiración potencial, días húmedos e índice de humedad; que a su vez fueron relacionados por ciclo vegetativo de las variedades de maíz y agrupadas según la fase del ENSO que prevaleció hasta la etapa fenológica de floración. Se identificó que las fases del ENSO influyen de manera diferida según el tipo de ciclo vegetativo. Los eventos Niña se caracterizaron por condiciones húmedas contrario a la fase Niño. Se encontró que las variedades precoces mostraron diferencias en precipitación entre las tres fases del ENSO mientras que las intermedias y tardías solo se diferenciaron en fase Niño. Las fases del ENSO inciden de manera clara en algunas variables meteorológicas las cuales son importantes en el desarrollo del maíz en temporal.
Potencial de la asociación Moringa y Ricinus en el subtrópico veracruzano
Authors: Valdés Rodríguez Ofelia Andrea , Palacios Wassenaar Oliva Margarita , Ruíz Hernández Rafael , Pérez Vásquez Arturo
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo evalúa el establecimiento de una plantación asociada de Moringa oleifera Lam. y Ricinus communis L. en un suelos erosionados del subtrópico veracruzano. Las plantas se establecieron mediante semillas durante la época de lluvias, sin riego ni abono. Se monitoreó su desarrollo en el sitio durante un periodo de 22 meses llevándose registros mensuales de medidas alométricas, así como de su productividad desde el inicio de su establecimiento. Los resultados indican una mayor capacidad de sobrevivencia de M. oleifera con respecto a R. communis, mientras que R. communis manifestó una mayor productividad durante el primer año. Ambas especies sobrevivieron al periodo de sequía y a los suelos pobres de la región, no obstante exhibieron una baja productividad y fuertes problemas con los insectos plaga. Los costos de inversión al primer año fueron inferiores en 86% con respecto a cultivos regionales como la caña de azúcar, aunque la relación beneficio- costo fue de sólo 7% del beneficio-costo de la caña. Se concluye que se puede recomendar el establecimiento de esta asociación, siempre que se cuente con la asesoría para controlar biológicamente las plagas, incrementar la productividad y lograr la venta de productos transformados.
Economía familiar e índice de biodiversidad de especies en los traspatios comunitario de Santa María Nepopualco, Puebla
Authors: Guarneros-Zarandona Nallely , Morales-Jiménez Juan , Cruz-Hernández Javier , Huerta-Peña Arturo , Ávalos Cruz Dora Angélica
Published: April 2018

La función principal de los traspatios en la comunidad de Santa María Nepopualco, Puebla; es abastecer de alimentos para autoconsumo, fortaleciendo a la economía familiar al reducir al mínimo la erogación para adquirir en el mercado dichos alimentos; el manejo de estos espacios también proporciona opciones para la conservación de la biodiversidad vegetal en dichos agroecosistemas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el apoyo económico en el aprovechamiento de diversas especies que se tienen en el traspatio e identificar la diversidad vegetal. Para ello, se aplicó un instrumento a un total de 123 informantes claves de unidades domésticas campesinas (UDC) de la comunidad. Los resultados indican que 100% de los encuestados cuentan con un espacio tamaño promedio de 29.36 m2 cercano a la casa destinado al cultivo de especies vegetales. El análisis CHAID indica que los beneficios generados en el traspatio como variable dependiente, está relacionado significativamente, con el destino que se da del mismo como un ahorro y que se dirige principalmente para la manutención de la familia. En los traspatios se observó un índice de diversidad Shannon (H ́) de 3.4 bits, considerado como alto; así como un total de 130 especies vegetales a las que se les dan distintos usos. Diversos factores han inf luido en la producción de traspatio y por tanto en la diversidad de especies vegetales en el mismo. Es necesario revalorar el sistema de traspatio y considerar los beneficios adicionales que se pueden obtenerse de éste.