bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Is Eve Teasing? A Mixed Methods Study of Sexual Harassment of Young Women in the Rural Indian Context
Authors: Talboys Sharon L. , Kaur Manmeet , VanDerslice James , Gren Lisa H. , Bhattacharya Haimanti , Alder Stephen C.
Published: March 2017

Eve teasing was identified as a significant community problem through a community-based participatory process with nine villages in Punjab, India. Eve teasing is a common euphemism in South Asia for sexual harassment of women in public areas by men. The purpose of this study was to characterize the meaning of eve teasing in the rural context, especially among female youth, and to develop a means to measure its occurrence. Mixed methods were utilized including focus group discussions (FGDs), semistructured interviews, and direct observation of questionnaire administration. Thirty-four people participated in six FGDs; two with adolescent boys ( n = 10), two with adolescent girls ( n = 15), and two with women ages 20 to 26 years ( n = 9). Eighty-nine females, ages 14 to 26 years, were recruited through purposive sampling for face-to-face interviews in homes and schools. Twenty-four interviews were observed directly to aid questionnaire development. Eve teasing was described as staring, stalking, passing comments, and inappropriate physical touch. Perceived consequences of eve teasing included tight restrictions on girls’ mobility, inability to attend school or work, girls being blamed, and causing family problems. FGD participants suggested that eve teasing can lead to depression and suicide. Among the 36 (40.4%) interview participants who reported eve teasing, 61.1% reported feelings of anger, 47.2% reported feelings of shame or humiliation, and more than one third reported feelings of fear, worry, or tension. The questionnaire offers a means to assess the occurrence of eve teasing that is culturally relevant and age appropriate for female youth in India.
Use of a Brief Fear Memory Reactivation Procedure for Enhancing Exposure Therapy
Authors: Telch Michael J. , York Jamie , Lancaster Cynthia L. , Monfils Marie H.
Published: March 2017

We tested postretrieval extinction as an augmentation strategy for enhancing in vivo exposure therapy for naturally acquired pathological fear. Participants displaying marked phobic responding to either spiders or snakes were randomized to receive a standard one session in vivo exposure therapy protocol under one of two conditions. The experimental group (RFM-EXP) completed a 10-s fear reactivation procedure 30 min prior to initiating exposure therapy. Controls (EXP-RFM) completed the reactivation procedure after completing exposure therapy. Expected and peak fear during confrontation with live spiders or snakes were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up. RFM-EXP participants displayed significantly lower phobic responding at the 1-month follow-up relative to EXP-RFM controls. Unexpectedly, RFM-EXP participants showed more rapid fear attenuation during exposure relative to controls. Results provide preliminary support for further investigation of this exposure augmentation strategy across a wider range of anxiety-related disorders.
To the Memory of Sam Moyo
Authors: Amin Samir
Published: March 2017

Sam Moyo understood that the deployment of contemporary imperialism simply produces the savage destruction of peasant societies in Africa and Asia. In his honour, this article elaborates various dimensions of the challenge related to the so-called ‘emergence’ of the South. Conventional patterns of economic growth in the South, associated with relocation and subcontracting industries, produce nothing but ‘lumpen development’, that is, accelerated social disintegration and, in particular, destruction of rural societies. Emergence of nations, distinct from that of markets, implies the formulation of sovereign projects standing on two feet, engaging in the consolidation of an integrated industrial production system, on the one hand, and promoting the renewal of family-based peasant agriculture, on the other. This article offers a critical assessment of the African experiences and identifies alternative strategies beyond the blind alley of neoliberal re-colonization.
Cost Comparison of Outpatient Versus Inpatient Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Richter Dustin L. , Diduch David R.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Outpatient unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been shown to be safe and feasible when compared with inpatient surgery; however, no studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of performing outpatient versus inpatient UKA.

Hypothesis:

Significant cost savings can be achieved by transitioning UKAs from an inpatient to an outpatient procedure in an outpatient surgical facility, with no appreciable difference in complication or readmission rates.

Study Design:

Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 25 consecutive medial UKAs was performed. A total of 10 inpatient UKAs with a mean length of stay of 1.6 days (range, 1-4 days) and 12 outpatient UKAs were included in the final analysis. A simple difference in costs incurred, reimbursements, and percentage difference between inpatient and outpatient surgery in an outpatient surgical facility was calculated. Charges were subdivided into surgical facility fees, inpatient room charges, operating room supply fees, and other fees. Secondary outcome measures included reason for greater than 1 day stay for the inpatient UKAs, complications, readmissions, and the type of regional anesthesia utilized.

Results:

The outpatient UKA charges were a mean $20,500 less per patient than the inpatient average charge of $46,845. The primary cost savings were attributed to the outpatient surgical facility fee, which averaged $3800 per patient, while the inpatient facility charge was 350% more expensive at $13,200 per patient (approximately $9500 savings). On the inpatient side, the average reimbursement was 55% of charges, or $25,550. For outpatient procedures, the average reimbursement was 47%, or $12,370. There was no difference between the inpatient and outpatient groups in terms of complications or readmissions.

Conclusion:

This work demonstrated that significant cost savings of roughly 50% can be achieved with an outpatient UKA protocol done at an outpatient surgical facility. Not only is it feasible and economically attractive to perform outpatient UKA, but it can reduce inpatient bed occupancy and resource allocation for a busy hospital.
Cooperating Across Classrooms: Cooperative–Experiential Learning Through Design and Implementation of Health Campaign Messages
Authors: Tollison Andrew C. , Turner Jacob S.
Published: March 2017

The objective of this article is twofold: (a) demonstrate the utility of cooperative–experiential learning within the health sciences curriculum and (b) diversify student classroom experiences through a health campaigns project that challenged students to creatively and strategically develop health messages. Cooperative–experiential learning is a hybrid pedagogy that exposes students to many of the complexities they can expect to face within their career, thus bridging the gap between the classroom and workplace. The health campaigns project used to appraise the value of cooperative–experiential learning in this article tasked upper-level undergraduate student groups from two unique college courses (Health Promotion and Visual Communication) to design, launch, and analyze health-relevant campaigns on the authors’ college campus. At two points throughout the semester, students independently completed reviews (cooperation reports) of their group dynamics and progress—these reports became the data set for our analysis of cooperative–experiential learning. Using a grounded theory approach (open, axial, and selective coding), the results that emerged from our analysis point to four significant themes of cooperative–experiential learning: development of communication skills, problem solving and critical thinking through cooperation, workplace preparedness, and student satisfaction. Student quotes are used to help extrapolate these four outcomes. Suggestions are offered for how to effectively incorporate cooperative–experiential learning into curriculum.
Co-occurrence context of the data-driven quantized local ternary patterns for visual recognition
Authors: Han Xian-Hua , Chen Yen-Wei , Xu Gang
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we describe a novel local descriptor of image texture representation for visual recognition. The image features based on micro-descriptors such as local binary patterns (LBP) and local ternary patterns (LTP) have been very successful in a number of applications including face recognition, object detection, and texture analysis. Instead of binary quantization in LBP, LTP thresholds the differential values between a focused pixel and its neighborhood pixels into three gray levels, which can be explained as the active status (i.e., positively activated, negatively activated, and not activated) of the neighborhood pixels compared to the focused pixel. However, regardless of the magnitude of the focused pixel, the thresholding strategy remains fixed, which would violate the principle of human perception. Therefore, in this study, we design LTP with a data-driven threshold according to Weber’s law, a human perception principle; further, our approach incorporates the contexts of spatial and orientation co-occurrences (i.e., co-occurrence context) among adjacent Weber-based local ternary patterns (WLTPs, i.e., data-driven quantized LTPs) for texture representation. The explored WLTP is formulated by adaptively quantizing differential values between neighborhood pixels and the focused pixel as negative or positive stimuli if the normalized differential values are large; otherwise, the stimulus is set to 0. Our approach here is based on the fact that human perception of a distinguished pattern depends not only on the absolute intensity of the stimulus but also on the relative variance of the stimulus. By integrating co-occurrence context information, we further propose a rotation invariant co-occurrence WLTP (RICWLTP) approach to be more discriminant for image representation. In order to validate the efficiency of our proposed strategy, we apply this to three different visual recognition applications including two texture datasets and one food image dataset and prove the promising performance that can be achieved compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Early Positron Emission Tomography Response–Adapted Treatment in Stage I and II Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results of the Randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 Trial
Authors: André Marc P.E. , Girinsky Théodore , Federico Massimo , Reman Oumédaly , Fortpied Catherine , Gotti Manuel , Casasnovas Olivier , Brice Pauline , van der Maazen Richard , Re Alessandro , Edeline Véronique , Fermé Christophe , van Imhoff Gustaaf , Merli Francesco , Bouabdallah Réda , Sebban Catherine , Specht Lena , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Delarue Richard , Fiaccadori Valeria , Bellei Monica , Raveloarivahy Tiana , Versari Annibale , Hutchings Martin , Meignan Michel , Raemaekers John
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Patients who receive combined modality treatment for stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have an excellent outcome. Early response evaluation with positron emission tomography (PET) scan may improve selection of patients who need reduced or more intensive treatments.

Methods

We performed a randomized trial to evaluate treatment adaptation on the basis of early PET (ePET) after two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) in previously untreated—according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria favorable (F) and unfavorable (U)—stage I and II HL. The standard arm consisted of ABVD followed by involved-node radiotherapy (INRT), regardless of ePET result. In the experimental arm, ePET-negative patients received ABVD only (noninferiority design), whereas ePET-positive patients switched to two cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPPesc) and INRT (superiority design). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

Of 1,950 randomly assigned patients, 1,925 received an ePET—361 patients (18.8%) were positive. In ePET-positive patients, 5-year PFS improved from 77.4% for standard ABVD + INRT to 90.6% for intensification to BEACOPPesc + INRT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.74; P = .002). In ePET-negative patients, 5-year PFS rates in the F group were 99.0% versus 87.1% (HR, 15.8; 95% CI, 3.8 to 66.1) in favor of ABVD + INRT; the U group, 92.1% versus 89.6% (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.5) in favor of ABVD + INRT. For both F and U groups, noninferiority of ABVD only compared with combined modality treatment could not be demonstrated.

Conclusion

In stage I and II HL, PET response after two cycles of ABVD allows for early treatment adaptation. When ePET is positive after two cycles of ABVD, switching to BEACOPPesc + INRT significantly improved 5-year PFS. In ePET-negative patients, noninferiority of ABVD only could not be demonstrated: risk of relapse is increased when INRT is omitted, especially in patients in the F group.
New Molecular Assay for the Proliferation Signature in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Applicable to Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Biopsies
Authors: Scott David W. , Abrisqueta Pau , Wright George W. , Slack Graham W. , Mottok Anja , Villa Diego , Jares Pedro , Rauert-Wunderlich Hilka , Royo Cristina , Clot Guillem , Pinyol Magda , Boyle Merrill , Chan Fong Chun , Braziel Rita M. , Chan Wing C. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Cook James R. , Greiner Timothy C. , Fu Kai , Ott German , Delabie Jan , Smeland Erlend B. , Holte Harald , Jaffe Elaine S. , Steidl Christian , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Rosenwald Andreas , Staudt Louis M. , Campo Elias , Rimsza Lisa M. ,   for the Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm that displays heterogeneous outcomes after treatment. In 2003, the Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project described a powerful biomarker—the proliferation signature—using gene expression in fresh frozen material. Herein, we describe the training and validation of a new assay that measures the proliferation signature in RNA derived from routinely available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies.

Methods

Forty-seven FFPE biopsies were used to train an assay on the NanoString platform, using microarray gene expression data of matched fresh frozen biopsies as a gold standard. The locked assay was applied to pretreatment FFPE lymph node biopsies from an independent cohort of 110 patients uniformly treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Seventeen biopsies were tested across three laboratories to assess assay reproducibility.

Results

The MCL35 assay, which contained a 17-gene proliferation signature, yielded gene expression of sufficient quality to assign an assay score and risk group in 108 (98%) of 110 archival FFPE biopsies. The MCL35 assay assigned patients to high-risk (26%), standard-risk (29%), and low-risk (45%) groups, with different lengths of overall survival (OS): a median of 1.1, 2.6, and 8.6 years, respectively (log-rank for trend, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, these risk groups and the Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index were independently associated with OS ( P < .001 for both variables). Concordance of risk assignment across the three independent laboratories was 100%.

Conclusion

The newly developed and validated MCL35 assay for FFPE biopsies uses the proliferation signature to define groups of patients with significantly different OS independent of the Mantle Cell Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. Importantly, the analytic and clinical validity of this assay defines it as a reliable biomarker to support risk-adapted clinical trials.
Lung organoids: current uses and future promise
Authors: Barkauskas Christina E. , Chung Mei-I , Fioret Bryan , Gao Xia , Katsura Hiroaki , Hogan Brigid L. M.
Published: March 2017

Lungs are composed of a system of highly branched tubes that bring air into the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. The proximal and distal regions of the lung contain epithelial cells specialized for different functions: basal, secretory and ciliated cells in the conducting airways and type II and type I cells lining the alveoli. Basal, secretory and type II cells can be grown in three-dimensional culture, with or without supporting stromal cells, and under these conditions they give rise to self-organizing structures known as organoids. This Review summarizes the different methods for generating organoids from cells isolated from human and mouse lungs, and compares their final structure and cellular composition with that of the airways or alveoli of the adult lung. We also discuss the potential and limitations of organoids for addressing outstanding questions in lung biology and for developing new drugs for disorders such as cystic fibrosis and asthma.
Ethical issues in human organoid and gastruloid research
Authors: Munsie Megan , Hyun Insoo , Sugarman Jeremy
Published: March 2017

Research involving human organoids and gastruloids involves ethical issues associated with their derivation as well as their current and future uses. These include unique issues related to the extent of maturation that can be achieved in vitro or through chimeric research, as well as fundamental ethical considerations such as those concerning the provenance of human biomaterials and the use of gene-editing technologies. Many of these issues are not specifically addressed by existing ethics oversight mechanisms, but these mechanisms might be easily extended to help ensure that human organoid and related research moves forward in an ethically appropriate manner.
Using brain organoids to understand Zika virus-induced microcephaly
Authors: Qian Xuyu , Nguyen Ha Nam , Jacob Fadi , Song Hongjun , Ming Guo-li
Published: March 2017

Technologies to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into three-dimensional organized structures that resemble in vivo organs are pushing the frontiers of human disease modeling and drug development. In response to the global health emergency posed by the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak, brain organoids engineered to mimic the developing human fetal brain have been employed to model ZIKV-induced microcephaly. Here, we discuss the advantages of brain organoids over other model systems to study development and highlight recent advances in understanding ZIKV pathophysiology and its underlying pathogenesis mechanisms. We further discuss perspectives on overcoming limitations of current organoid systems for their future use in ZIKV research.
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids: using principles of developmental biology to grow human tissues in a dish
Authors: McCauley Heather A. , Wells James M.
Published: March 2017

Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived organoids are miniature, three-dimensional human tissues generated by the application of developmental biological principles to PSCs in vitro. The approach to generate organoids uses a combination of directed differentiation, morphogenetic processes, and the intrinsically driven self-assembly of cells that mimics organogenesis in the developing embryo. The resulting organoids have remarkable cell type complexity, architecture and function similar to their in vivo counterparts. In the past five years, human PSC-derived organoids with components of all three germ layers have been generated, resulting in the establishment of a new human model system. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of how principles of developmental biology have been essential for generating human organoids in vitro, and how organoids are now being used as a primary research tool to investigate human developmental biology.
Dissecting the stem cell niche with organoid models: an engineering-based approach
Authors: Murrow Lyndsay M. , Weber Robert J. , Gartner Zev J.
Published: March 2017

For many tissues, single resident stem cells grown in vitro under appropriate three-dimensional conditions can produce outgrowths known as organoids. These tissues recapitulate much of the cell composition and architecture of the in vivo organ from which they derive, including the formation of a stem cell niche. This has facilitated the systematic experimental manipulation and single-cell, high-throughput imaging of stem cells within their respective niches. Furthermore, emerging technologies now make it possible to engineer organoids from purified cellular and extracellular components to directly model and test stem cell-niche interactions. In this Review, we discuss how organoids have been used to identify and characterize stem cell-niche interactions and uncover new niche components, focusing on three adult-derived organoid systems. We also describe new approaches to reconstitute organoids from purified cellular components, and discuss how this technology can help to address fundamental questions about the adult stem cell niche.
The physics of organoids: a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis
Authors: Dahl-Jensen Svend , Grapin-Botton Anne
Published: March 2017

Organoids representing a diversity of tissues have recently been created, bridging the gap between cell culture and experiments performed in vivo. Being small and amenable to continuous monitoring, they offer the opportunity to scrutinize the dynamics of organ development, including the exciting prospect of observing aspects of human embryo development live. From a physicist's perspective, their ability to self-organize – to differentiate and organize cells in space – calls for the identification of the simple rules that underlie this capacity. Organoids provide tractable conditions to investigate the effects of the growth environment, including its molecular composition and mechanical properties, along with the initial conditions such as cell number and type(s). From a theoretical standpoint, different types of in silico modeling can complement the measurements performed in organoids to understand the role of chemical diffusion, contact signaling, differential cell adhesion and mechanical controls. Here, we discuss what it means to take a biophysical approach to understanding organogenesis in vitro and how we might expect such approaches to develop in the future.
Intestinal epithelial organoids fuse to form self-organizing tubes in floating collagen gels
Authors: Sachs Norman , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Kujala Pekka , Peters Peter J. , Clevers Hans
Published: March 2017

Multiple recent examples highlight how stem cells can self-organize in vitro to establish organoids that closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. Single Lgr5+ mouse intestinal stem cells can be cultured under defined conditions forming ever-expanding epithelial organoids that retain cell polarization, cell type diversity and anatomical organization of the in vivo epithelium. Although exhibiting a remarkable level of self-organization, the so called ‘mini-guts’ have a closed cystic structure of microscopic size. Here, we describe a simple protocol to generate macroscopic intestinal tubes from small cystic organoids. Embedding proliferating organoids within a contracting floating collagen gel allows them to align and fuse to generate macroscopic hollow structures (‘tubes’) that are lined with a simple epithelium containing all major cell types (including functional stem cells) of the small intestine. Cells lining the central contiguous lumen closely resemble the epithelial cells on luminal villi in vivo, whereas buds that protrude from the main tube into the surrounding matrix closely resemble crypts. Thus, the remarkable self-organizing properties of Lgr5+ stem cells extend beyond the level of the microscopic cystic organoid to the next, macroscopic, level of tube formation.
Bringing together the organoid field: from early beginnings to the road ahead
Authors: Muthuswamy Senthil K.
Published: March 2017

From October 12-15th, 2016, EMBO∣EMBL held a symposium to bring together those in the scientific community with a shared interest in using three-dimensional (3D) culture methods to study biology, model disease and personalize treatments. The symposium, entitled ‘Organoids: modelling organ development and disease in 3D culture', which was organized by Juergen Knoblich, Mina Bissell and Esther Schnapp, was particularly timely as there were otherwise few opportunities for those interested in using 3D culture platforms to interact outside of their organ-specific scientific community. The meeting was a fantastic success, creating a lot of discussion and cross-fertilization of ideas from developmental biologists to bioengineers and biophysicists. This Meeting Review provides a summary of the talks presented and the major themes that emerged from the symposium.
Inhibition of ectopic microtubule assembly by the kinesin-13 KLP-7MCAK prevents chromosome segregation and cytokinesis defects in oocytes
Authors: Gigant Emmanuelle , Stefanutti Marine , Laband Kimberley , Gluszek-Kustusz Agata , Edwards Frances , Lacroix Benjamin , Maton Gilliane , Canman Julie C. , Welburn Julie P.I. , Dumont Julien
Published: March 2017

In most species, oocytes lack centrosomes. Accurate meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation -essential to prevent miscarriage or developmental defects- thus occur through atypical mechanisms that are not well characterized. Using quantitative in vitro and in vivo functional assays in the C. elegans oocyte, we provide here novel evidence that the kinesin-13 KLP-7 promotes the destabilization of the whole cellular microtubule network. By counteracting ectopic microtubule assembly and disorganization of the microtubule network, this function is strictly required for spindle organization, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis in meiotic cells. Strikingly, when centrosome activity was experimentally reduced, the absence of the kinesin-13 proteins KLP-7 or MCAK also resulted in ectopic microtubule asters during mitosis in C. elegans zygotes and HeLa cells, respectively. Our results highlight the general function of kinesin-13 microtubule depolymerases in preventing ectopic, spontaneous microtubule assembly, when centrosome activity is defective or absent, which otherwise leads to spindle microtubule disorganization and aneuploidy.
Dual role of pericyte α6β1-integrin in tumour blood vessels
Authors: Reynolds Louise E. , D'Amico Gabriela , Lechertier Tanguy , Papachristodoulou Alexandros , Muñoz-Félix José M. , De Arcangelis Adèle , Baker Marianne , Serrels Bryan , Hodivala-Dilke Kairbaan M.
Published: March 2017

The α6β1-integrin is a major laminin receptor, and formation of a laminin-rich basement membrane is a key feature in tumour blood vessel stabilisation and pericyte recruitment, processes that are important in the growth and maturation of tumour blood vessels. However, the role of pericyte α6β1-integrin in angiogenesis is largely unknown. We developed mice where the α6-integrin subunit is deleted in pericytes and examined tumour angiogenesis and growth. These mice had: (1) reduced pericyte coverage of tumour blood vessels; (2) reduced tumour blood vessel stability; (3) increased blood vessel diameter; (4) enhanced blood vessel leakiness, and (5) abnormal blood vessel basement membrane architecture. Surprisingly, tumour growth, blood vessel density and metastasis were not altered. Analysis of retinas revealed that deletion of pericyte α6-integrin did not affect physiological angiogenesis. At the molecular level, we provide evidence that pericyte α6-integrin controls PDGFRβ expression and AKT–mTOR signalling. Taken together, we show that pericyte α6β1-integrin regulates tumour blood vessels by both controlling PDGFRβ and basement membrane architecture. These data establish a novel dual role for pericyte α6-integrin as modulating the blood vessel phenotype during pathological angiogenesis.
Comprehensive processing of high-throughput small RNA sequencing data including quality checking, normalization, and differential expression analysis using the UEA sRNA Workbench
Authors: Beckers Matthew , Mohorianu Irina , Stocks Matthew , Applegate Christopher , Dalmay Tamas , Moulton Vincent
Published: March 2017

Recently, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revealed compelling details about the small RNA (sRNA) population in eukaryotes. These 20 to 25 nt noncoding RNAs can influence gene expression by acting as guides for the sequence-specific regulatory mechanism known as RNA silencing. The increase in sequencing depth and number of samples per project enables a better understanding of the role sRNAs play by facilitating the study of expression patterns. However, the intricacy of the biological hypotheses coupled with a lack of appropriate tools often leads to inadequate mining of the available data and thus, an incomplete description of the biological mechanisms involved. To enable a comprehensive study of differential expression in sRNA data sets, we present a new interactive pipeline that guides researchers through the various stages of data preprocessing and analysis. This includes various tools, some of which we specifically developed for sRNA analysis, for quality checking and normalization of sRNA samples as well as tools for the detection of differentially expressed sRNAs and identification of the resulting expression patterns. The pipeline is available within the UEA sRNA Workbench, a user-friendly software package for the processing of sRNA data sets. We demonstrate the use of the pipeline on a H. sapiens data set; additional examples on a B. terrestris data set and on an A. thaliana data set are described in the Supplemental Information. A comparison with existing approaches is also included, which exemplifies some of the issues that need to be addressed for sRNA analysis and how the new pipeline may be used to do this.
Renault do Brasil S.A.
Authors: Mariotto Fábio Luiz
Published: March 2017

Em 2002, Pierre Poupel, que até então fora diretor de Qualidade do Grupo Renault na França, assumiu a posição de Presidente da Renault do Brasil, em um momento em que os prejuízos acumulados pela subsidiária brasileira atingiam valores insustentáveis. A Renault do Brasil iria fechar 2002 com uma produção de menos de 60 mil veículos, volume bem abaixo do ponto de equilíbrio, estimado em cerca de 100 mil veículos/ano. Sua participação no mercado vinha regredindo, e a empresa acabara de perder a quinta posição nas vendas locais para a rival Peugeot.
Gestão do Conhecimento: Desvendando a Tecnologia
Authors: Petrini Maira
Published: March 2017

Microempresa de consultoria sediada em Belo Horizonte (MG), a Rizoma se vê diante de um dilema. Um de seus dois diretores e sócios, por razões pessoais, precisa mudar-se para São Paulo. Nesse quadro, como manter a produção e compartilhamento de conhecimento entre os dois sócios, atividade vital para o funcionamento da empresa?
O método do caso e a orquestra
Authors: De Lemos Paulo Mattos
Published: March 2017

Na aplicação do método do caso em sala de aula, o papel do professor é análogo ao do maestro de uma orquestra.
What serial homologs can tell us about the origin of insect wings
Authors: Tomoyasu Yoshinori , Ohde Takahiro , Clark-Hachtel Courtney
Published: March 2017

Although the insect wing is a textbook example of morphological novelty, the origin of insect wings remains a mystery and is regarded as a chief conundrum in biology. Centuries of debates have culminated into two prominent hypotheses: the tergal origin hypothesis and the pleural origin hypothesis. However, between these two hypotheses, there is little consensus in regard to the origin tissue of the wing as well as the evolutionary route from the origin tissue to the functional flight device. Recent evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) studies have shed new light on the origin of insect wings. A key concept in these studies is “serial homology”. In this review, we discuss how the wing serial homologs identified in recent evo-devo studies have provided a new angle through which this century-old conundrum can be explored. We also review what we have learned so far from wing serial homologs and discuss what we can do to go beyond simply identifying wing serial homologs and delve further into the developmental and genetic mechanisms that have facilitated the evolution of insect wings.
Rapid inducible protein displacement in Plasmodium in vivo and in vitro using knocksideways technology
Authors: Hughes Katie R. , Waters Andy P.
Published: March 2017

A deeper understanding of the biology of the Plasmodium parasite is essential in order to identify targets for interventions, with the ultimate aim of eliminating malaria. Determining the function(s) of essential proteins in Plasmodium has, until recently, been hampered by the lack of efficient conditional systems to abrogate proteins. We report the adaptation of a conditional technology, knocksideways (KS), for use in Plasmodium berghei, which can potentially rapidly inactivate proteins of interest through relocalisation. The system is induced using rapamycin, which allows for KS both in vitro and in vivo and is effective more rapidly than any other reported system. KS utilises pairs of fluorescent tags that facilitate live imaging and allows for rapid confirmation of efficient protein redistribution on live parasites, allowing for streamlined workflows. We demonstrate the characteristics of the system using transgenically expressed cytoplasmic GFP and provide proof of principle by inducibly redistributing a number of proteins with different native, subcellular locations.  We also demonstrate that KS can be applied to both mammalian and insect stages of Plasmodium. KS expands the range of (conditional) technologies for genetic manipulation of malaria parasites and offers the potential to be further developed for medium throughput phenotype screens.
The Neuronal Plasticity of Sensorimotor Cortex in the Conditions of Increased Background Radiation
Authors: Гундарова  , Gundarova O. , Федоров  , Fedorov V. , Сгибнева  , Sgibneva N. , Маслов  , Maslov N.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Observe the changes in the structural and functional organization of the sensomotor cortex neurons throughout the post-radiation period. Material and methods: White male rats (120 animals) were irradiated on the “Hizatron» γ-rays 60Co single dose of 0.5 Gy with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/h. Material taken away by 100 min; 5 hr; 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, 1, 6, 12 and 18 months after irradiation. Counted the number of neurons with different tinctorial properties, was calculated the nerve cell index, morphometric characteristics of nerve cells and content of nucleic acids. The obtained data were statistically processed, followed by mathematical modeling. Results: By the end of the post-radiation period the number of normochromic neurons decreased due to increasing the number of hyper- and hypochromic cells, as well as their destructive forms. In animals as the control and exposed groups values nerve-cell index decrease with age. In control and exposed groups of rats values nerve-cell index decrease with age. The dynamics of the cytoplasm shows a negative correlation with an index of the contents of cytoplasmic RNA. By the end of the experiment the content of RNA in the cytoplasm of neurons corresponded to the age control. Profile index of nuclear DNA in all periods of post-radiation is negatively correlated with cross-sectional area of the nuclei. The amplitude of fluctuations in the size of nucleoli of neurons was significantly greater than the corresponding figure in the cytoplasm and nuclei. In the period from 6 to 18 months post-radiation period RNA content in the nucleolus had a positive correlation with the index size. Immediately after the exposure indicator nucleocytoplasmic index exceeded the reference values, subsequently decreased, and by the end of postradiation period – almost matched up to it. Nucleolus-nuclear index immediately after irradiation not changed, in subsequent periods had a phase-change, but at 18 months matched to age-control. Conclusion: Research has shown that neuromorphological effects were nonlinear stochastic nature, and exposure to these parameters had no significant effect on neurons. However, some indicators are not always consistent with the age-control, which could affect their functional activity.
Nuclear Medicine in Diagnosis of Angiopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Никитин  , Nikitin A. , Мосин  , Mosin D. , Кондаков  , Kondakov A. , Полетаева  , Poletaeva T. , Харина  , Kharina D. , Знаменский  , Znamenskiy I.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To determine the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the early detection of angiopathy in patients with diabetes and to estimate their accuracy in comparison with routine diagnostic methods for evaluation of target organ damage.

Material and methods: A literature review, selected from the Russian and international bibliographic databases (RSCI, Medline, Google Scholar), dedicated to diagnostic technologies for identification of angiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Results: 193 sources dedicated to the diagnosis of micro- and macrovascular damage were analyzed, 66 of which were included in this study, 54 of them international and 12 domestic ones responding to the purpose of the study. The analysis revealed that the radionuclide methods of investigation reflecting the functional state of the tissues were evaluated in a small number of publications on early diagnosis angiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus type 2. Most often, high blood glucose concentration damages kidney tissue and myocardium. It is shown that the methods of dynamic nephroscintigraphy and ECG-

gated myocardial perfusion SPECT allow to evaluate the progression of micro- and macrovascular disease before the manifestation of paraclinical signs according to other diagnostic methods. Key determined parameter in dynamic nephroscintigraphy is glomerular filtration rate, which declines on the early stages of the disease. Myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging provides a possibility to assess frequency and severity of ischemic myocardial injury.

Conclusions: The use of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis of angiopathy in diabetes allows verification of early damage to target organs. The most effective diagnostic methods for this purpose are dynamic nephroscintigraphy and myocardial perfusion SPECT which sensitivity is substantially higher than conventional diagnostic methods.
The expansion of nurse prescribing in Scotland: an evaluation
Authors: Coull Alison , Murray Ian , Turner-Halliday Fiona , Watterson Andrew
Published: March 2017

Medicine prescribing by community nurses commenced in the UK in 1996. By 2001, nurse prescribing was extended to include more nurses and to cover a wider formulary. This research project provides an evaluation of the extension of prescribing powers to nurses in Scotland, following the introduction of legislation in 2001. It aimed to evaluate the impact of nurse prescribing powers on patients, nurses, prescribers, and other stakeholders. A range of methods were used, including two public surveys, stakeholder interviews, postal questionnaires and case studies.

The benefits of extended nurse prescribing include: improved patient access to treatment; enhanced patient care; enabled more effective use of medical staff time and greater professional satisfaction for nurses who used nursing skills; and built inter-professional working. Some obstacles existed, including organisational, institutional and resource factors that restricted the overall success of the extension of nurse prescribing.

There are high levels of agreement between patients, the public, nurse prescribers, physicians and other health professionals about the benefits of nurse prescribing to patients. The extension of nurse prescribing has been largely successful, with some organisational and procedural areas that could be addressed.
Create a book of future success
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: March 2017

Creating a link between books and fun at an early age will not only support a child's learning and development, it will have a lasting impact on their lifetime achievements.
Efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane: managing trauma associated pain in UK SAR helicopter paramedic practice
Authors: Griffiths Edward
Published: March 2017

This article reviews the efficacy and safety of Penthrox (methoxyflurane) when administered in analgesic dosages. The review included one randomised, double blinded control trial and the remaining evidence consisted of reviews or observational and data-linkage studies. This paucity in a significant number of high quality pieces of evidence is mitigated to some extent by the collaborative unanimity of all the papers reviewed. All papers concluded that Penthrox was an efficacious analgesic. There was no evidence of Penthrox having long-term deleterious effects under an analgesic dosing regimen. The addition of an activated charcoal filter to the Penthrox inhaler renders the risk of occupational side effects negligible. Penthrox appears to be a safe and efficacious analgesic.
Self-interlacing polynomials II: Matrices with self-interlacing spectrum
Authors: Tyaglov Mikhail
Published: March 2017

An $n\times n$ matrix is said to have a self-interlacing spectrum if its eigenvalues $\lambda_k$, $k=1,\ldots,n$, are distributed as follows: $$ \lambda_1>-\lambda_2>\lambda_3>\cdots>(-1)^{n-1}\lambda_n>0. $$ A method for constructing sign definite matrices with self-interlacing spectrum from totally nonnegative ones is presented. This method is applied to bidiagonal and tridiagonal matrices. In particular, a result by O. Holtz on the spectrum of real symmetric anti-bidiagonal matrices with positive nonzero entries is generalized.
A 50+ year search for effective, efficient and engaging instruction
Authors: Merrill M. David
Published: March 2017

In this paper I will chronicle my 50+ year career, from my interest in making education more effective, to an epiphany about theories, and some of my published work that, for a time, gained the attention of others in the field of instructional technology.  My extensive experience with computer-assisted learning covers early efforts to teach concepts to attempts to design automated authoring systems. My most recent work attempts to identify underlying principles common to most theories of instruction.The professional press publishes reports of theory, research, data, prescriptions, and opinions, but seldom do we get the back story. Where did these ideas originate?  What events led to a particular theoretical or research approach?  What were the challenges—personal and interpersonal—that affected a given approach, theory or research study?  In this paper, in addition to identifying a few of the most notable contributions to this literature, I will provide some of the back story that contributed to my career and inspired or significantly influenced my work. I will also highlight some of the lessons learned along the way.Download the PDF and read more...
Social problem solving as a mediator and a moderator of the link between stress and psychological well-being
Stres ve psikolojik iyi olma arasındaki ilişkide sosyal problem çözmenin aracı ve düzenleyici rolü
Authors: Cenkseven Önder Fulya , Eşigül Engin
Published: March 2017

The main purpose of this was to investigate the role of social problem solving as a mediator or a moderator of percieved stress and psychological well-being in university students. The participants of this study consisted of 350  females and 164 males, a total of 514 university students. Their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. Data were collected by using the Percieved Stres Inventory (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983), Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised Short Form (D’Zurilla, Nezu, & Maydeu-Olivares, 2002) and Scales of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1989). The results indicated that the percieved stress was negatively correlated with the social problem and the psychological well-being. The social problem solving was positively correlated with the psychological well-being. Hierarchial regression analysis showed that social problem solving partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being. However, social problem solving did not moderate the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being. These findings were discussed in the light of related literature and implications were suggested for future research. ÖzetBu çalışmanın temel amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin algıladıkları stres düzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi olma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide sosyal problem çözme becerilerinin aracı ve düzenleyici rolünün incelenmesidir. Araştırma 350’si kadın 164’ü erkek toplam 514 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan öğrenciler 18-25 yaş arasında olup, yaş ortalamaları 20.09’dur (Ss=2.02). Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (Cohen, Kamarck ve Mermelstein, 1983), Sosyal Problem Çözme Envanteri Kısa Formu (D’Zurilla, Nezu ve Maydeu-Olivares, 2002) ve Psikolojik İyi Olma Ölçekleri (Ryff, 1989) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda algılanan stres ile sosyal problem çözme ve psikolojik iyi olma arasında negatif yönde anlamlı, sosyal problem çözme ve psikolojik iyi olma arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizleri sonucunda sosyal problem çözmenin, algılanan stres ve psikolojik iyi olma arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracı role sahip iken, düzenleyici bir rolü olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili alanyazın ve sınırlılıklar ışığında tartışılmış, daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalara ve uygulayıcılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Halaman Sampul
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: March 2017

Cover, Dewan Redaksi, Daftar Isi
Halaman Belakang
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: March 2017

Pedoman Penulisan Naskah, Cover Belakang
The Dynamic Interplay between Recorded Music and Live Concerts: The Role of Piracy, Unbundling, and Artist Characteristics
Authors: Papies Dominik , van Heerde Harald J.
Published: March 2017

The business model for musicians relies on selling recorded music and selling concert tickets. Traditionally, demand for one format (e.g., concerts) would stimulate demand for the other format (e.g., recorded music) and vice versa, leading to an upward demand spiral. However, the market for recorded music is under pressure due to piracy and the unbundling of albums, which also entail threats for the traditional demand spiral. Despite the fundamental importance of recorded music and live concerts for the multibillion-dollar music industry, no prior research has studied their dynamic interplay. This study fills this void by developing new theory on how piracy, unbundling, artist fame, and music quality affect dynamic cross-format elasticities between record demand and concert demand. The theory is tested with a unique data set covering weekly concert and recorded music revenues for close to 400 artists across more than six years in the world's third-largest music market, Germany. The cross-format elasticity of record on concert revenue is much stronger than the reverse elasticity of concert on record revenue. The results show the key role of piracy, unbundling, and artist characteristics on these cross-format elasticities, which have implications for the business model of the music industry.