bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Students’ Blended Learning Experience through Embedding Metaliteracy
Authors: Ma Jieming , Li Chili , Liang Hai-Ning
Published: April 2019

As the push for a diversified use of information technologies in higher education teaching continues, a growing number of colleges and universities have come to adopt blended learning which combines traditional face-to-face lectures with online instruction to create flexible approaches of delivering content that are consistent with the requirements of new digital economy. At the same time, university students are required to have continuous growth in literacy skills. Metaliteracy is a comprehensive model for information literacy that can enhance blended learning experience. Embedding metaliteracy learning in a blended course is considered as a feasible approach to empower students in blended learning. Combining an analysis of data gathered through a survey administered at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, a Sino-UK institution located in China, this paper reports the results of an investigation into the pedagogical issues including the metaliteracy learning experience of using an interactive communication environment and the benefits and challenges of integrating practices of metaliteracy with blended learning.
Autogenous Deformation of Alkali‐Activated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete Subjected to Variable Curing Temperatures
Authors: Orosz Katalin , Humad Abeer , Hedlund Hans , Cwirzen Andrzej
Published: April 2019

Deformations of alkali‐activated slag concrete (AASC) with high MgO and Al2O3 content, subjected to variable curing temperature were studied. Sodium silicate and sodium carbonate were used as alkali activators. The obtained results showed development of deformations consisting of both shrinkage and expansion. Shrinkage appeared not to be affected by the activator type, while the expansion developed after the cooling down phase in stabilized isothermal conditions and did not stop within the duration of the tests. X‐ray diffraction analysis performed shortly after the cooling down phase indicated the formation of crystalline hydrotalcite, which was associated with the observed expansion. A mixture with a higher amount of sodium silicate showed less expansion, likely due to the accelerated hydration and geopolymerization leading to the increased stiffness of the binder matrix.
Primary User Emulation in Cognitive Radio-Enabled WSNs for Structural Health Monitoring: Modeling and Attack Detection
Authors: Alcala’ Garrido Hassel Aurora , Rivero-Angeles Mario E. , Anaya Eleazar Aguirre
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, the use of sensor nodes for the IoT is widespread. At the same time, cyberattacks on these systems have become a relevant design consideration in the practical deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, there are some types of attacks that have to be prevented or detected as fast as possible, like, for example, attacks that put lives in danger. In this regard, a primary user emulation (PUE) attack in a structural health monitoring (SHM) system falls inside this category since nodes failing to report structural damages may cause a collapse of the building with no warning to people inside it. Building on this, we mathematically model an energy and resource utilization-efficient WSN based on the cognitive radio (CR) technique to monitor the SHM of buildings when a seismic activity occurs, making efficient use of scarce bandwidth when a PUE attack is in progress. The main performance metrics considered in this work are average packet delay and average energy consumption. The proposed model allows an additional tool for the prompt identification of such attacks in order to implement effective countermeasures.
Hydrogeology and Hydrogeochemistry of the Lauria Mountains Northern Sector Groundwater Resources (Basilicata, Italy)
Authors: Canora Filomena , Rizzo Giovanna , Panariello Simona , Sdao Francesco
Published: April 2019

In this study, the hydrogeological characterization of the northern sector of the Lauria Mounts carbonate hydrostructure (southern Apennines, Basilicata region) has been carried out and the hydrochemical properties of different collected groundwater samples have been characterized. Several normal springs drain the hydrostructure, some of them characterized by high annual mean discharges. Groundwater samples were collected from different springs; many parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids have been measured, and major (cations and anions) elements and stable isotopes have been analysed following standard test procedures. Other chemical characteristics were derived from the analysed quality parameters. The results elucidate that the main hydrogeochemical processes control the chemical content and assess the quality of the groundwater within the hydrostructure. The analyses highlight that the chemical compositions of groundwater are strongly influenced by the lithology, especially limestones and dolomitic limestones; they explain and confirm the hydrogeological setting of the system. The groundwater system displays light different geochemical signatures. The processes contributing to the concentrations of major ions depend primarily on carbonate dissolution. The analysis, in all studied groundwater samples, shows that the facies groundwater type is Ca–HCO3, bicarbonate is the dominant anion, and calcium is the dominant cation with appreciable magnesium concentrations. To identify the aquifer’s recharge areas, the environmental stable isotopes oxygen and hydrogen, deuterium, and 18O were analysed. The unaltered δ18O and δD signatures for the groundwater of the major springs allows identifying the recharge area of these emergencies at elevations ranging from 900 m to 1000 m (a.s.l.), pointing out the presence of deeper flow regime feeding of these springs. The groundwater sample isotopic characteristics of D and 18O suggest that most of the groundwater is recharged directly by infiltration in a high-permeability medium.
The Alexipharmic Mechanisms of Five Licorice Ingredients Involved in CYP450 and Nrf2 Pathways in Paraquat-Induced Mice Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Liu Zi-Jing , Zhong Jing , Zhang Mei , Chen Ze-Hui , Wang Ji-Ye , Chen Han-Ying , Wang Xiao-Qin , Zhang Bo
Published: April 2019

Oxidative stress is an important mechanism in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides in developing countries. In clinical prophylaxis and treatment, licorice is a widely used herbal medicine in China due to its strong alexipharmic characteristics. However, the corresponding biochemical mechanism of antioxidation and detoxification enzymes induced by licorice’s ingredients is still not fully demonstrated. In this study, the detoxification effect of licorice was evaluatedin vivoandin vitro. The detoxification and antioxidation effect of its active ingredients involved in the treatment was screened systematically according to Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME): predictions and evidence-based literature mining methodsin silicoapproach. Data shows that licorice alleviate pulmonary edema and fibrosis, decrease Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and increase Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in PQ-induced ALI mice, protect the morphologic appearance of lung tissues, induce cytochrome 3A4 (CYA3A4) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression to active detoxification pathways, reduce the accumulation of PQin vivo, protect or improve the liver and renal function of mice, and increase the survival rate. The 104 genes of PPI network contained all targets of licorice ingredients and PQ, which displayed the two redox regulatory enzymatic group modules cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and Nrf2 via a score-related graphic theoretic clustering algorithmin silico. According to ADME properties, glycyrol, isolicoflavonol, licochalcone A, 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and licoisoflavone A were employed due to their oral bioavailabilityOB≥30%, drug-likenessDL≥0.1, and being highly associated with CYP450 and Nrf2 pathways, as potential activators to halt PQ-induced cells deathin vitro. Both 3A4 inhibitor and silenced Nrf2 gene decreased the alexipharmic effects of those ingredients significantly. All these disclosed the detoxification and antioxidation effects of licorice on acute lung injury induced by PQ, and glycyrol, isolicoflavonol, licochalcone A, 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and licoisoflavone A upregulated CYP450 and Nrf2 pathways underlying the alexipharmic mechanisms of licorice.
Dynamic Simulation on Deflagration of LNG Spill
Authors: Sun Biao , Guo Kaihua , Pareek Vishnu K.
Published: April 2019

The deflagration characteristics of premixed LNG vapour-air mixtures with different mixing ratios were quantitatively and qualitatively investigated by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method. The CFD model was initially established based on theoretical analysis and then validated by a lab-scale deflagration experiment. The flame propagation behaviour, pressure-time history, and flame speed were compared with the experimental data, upon which a good agreement was achieved. A large-scale deflagration fire during LNG bunkering process was conducted using the model to investigate the flame development and overpressure effects. Mesh independence and time scale were tested in order to obtain the suitable grid resolution and time step. Deflagration cases with two different LNG vapour volume fractions, i.e., 10.4% and 15.0%, were simulated and compared. The one with a volume fraction of 10.4% which was around stoichiometric mixing ratio had the highest flame propagating speed. High flame velocity observed in the simulation was coupled with the thin flame front where overpressure occurred. The CFD model could capture the main features of deflagration combustion and account for LNG fire hazard which could provide an in-depth insight when dealing with complicated cases.
Protective Effect of Methane-Rich Saline on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Blocking the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK Pathway and Promoting IL-10/JAK1/STAT3-Mediated Anti-inflammatory Response
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Xu Bing , Shi Feiyu , Du Mengfan , Li Yaguang , Yu Tianyu , Chen Lihong
Published: April 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammation-related disease involved in uncontrolled inflammation and oxidative stress and is characterized by high recurrence and relapse risk. As a rising star in gas medicine, methane owns the properties of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis. Based on the possible mechanism, we aimed to investigate the effect of methane on UC. Methane-rich saline (MRS) was introduced here, and UC was induced by acetic acid. All the C57BL/6 mice were allocated into groups as follows: control group, colitis model group, colitis treated with salazosulfapyridine (SASP) group, and colitis treated with MRS (1 or 10 ml/kg) groups. Tissue damage, the degree of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were evaluated in the study, as well as the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK and IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways for further exploration of the potential mechanism. The results showed that MRS (1) alleviated tissue damage caused by acetic acid, (2) controlled acetic acid-induced inflammation, (3) inhibited acetic acid-caused oxidative stress, (4) reduced colonic cell apoptosis due to acetic acid, (5) suppressed the TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway, and (6) activated IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 anti-inflammatory response to improve the injury induced by acetic acid. We conclude that MRS has a protective effect on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via blocking the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promoting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory response.
Modulations of Histone Deacetylase 2 Offer a Protective Effect through the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway in Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Wang Yao , Yang Fan , Jiao Fang-Zhou , Chen Qian , Zhang Wen-Bin , Wang Lu-Wen , Gong Zuo-Jiong
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modulation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) on mitochondrial apoptosis in acute liver failure (ALF). The cellular model was established with LO2 cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/D-galactosamine (D-gal). Rats were administrated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-gal as animal model. The cell and animal models were then treated by HDAC2 inhibitor CAY10683. HDAC2 was regulated up or down by lentiviral vector transfection in LO2 cells. The mRNA levels of bcl2 and bax were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of HDAC2, bcl2, bax, cytochrome c (cyt c) in mitochondrion and cytosol, apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (apaf1), caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3, caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 9, acetylated histone H3 (AH3), and histone H3 (H3) were assayed by western blot. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels were also assayed. The openness degree of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The apoptosis of hepatocytes in liver tissues was determined by tunnel staining. The liver tissue pathology was detected by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The ultrastructure of liver tissue was observed by electron microscopy. Compared with cell and rat model groups, the bax mRNA level was decreased, and bcl2 mRNA was increased in the CAY10683 treatment group. The protein levels of HDAC2, bax, cyt c in cytosol, apaf1, cleaved-caspase 3, and cleaved-caspase 9 were decreased, and the apoptosis rate was decreased (P<0.05), whereas the protein level of bcl2 and cyt c in the mitochondrion was elevated (P<0.05) in the CAY10683 treatment group. In the HDAC2 down- or upregulated LO2 cells, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was inhibited or activated, respectively. After being treated with TNF-α/D-gal in HDAC2 down- or upregulated LO2 cells, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was further suppressed or activated, respectively. The MPTP value was elevated in CAY10683-treated groups compared with the rat model group (P<0.05). Liver tissue pathological damage and apoptotic index in the CAY10683-treated group were significantly reduced. In addition, AH3 was elevated in both cell and animal model groups (P<0.05). Downregulated or overexpressed HDAC2 could accordingly increase or decrease the AH3 level, and TNF-α/D-gal could enhance the acetylation effect. These results suggested that modulations of histone deacetylase 2 offer a protective effect through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in acute liver failure.
L-Ornithine L-Aspartate for the Treatment of Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: The Taming of a Vicious Cycle
Authors: Butterworth Roger F.
Published: April 2019

Sarcopenia is a common complication of cirrhosis with a negative impact on posttransplant outcome, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and patient survival. Studies in experimental animals and in patients demonstrate that ammonia is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in cirrhosis via mechanisms involving increased expression of myostatin and of autophagy markers such as LC3 lipidation and p62 leading to muscle dysmetabolism and sarcopenia. Paradoxically, skeletal muscle replaces liver as the primary ammonia-detoxifying site as a result of the modification of genes coding for key proteins implicated in ammonia-lowering pathways in cirrhosis. Thus, a vicious cycle occurs whereby hyperammonemia causes severe muscle damage and sarcopenia that, in turn, limits the capacity of muscle to remove excess blood-borne ammonia and the cycle continues. Randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses confirm that L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) is an effective ammonia-lowering agent currently employed for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) that stimulates both urea synthesis by residual hepatocytes and muscle glutamine synthesis together with putative hepatoprotective actions. Treatment of cirrhotic patients with LOLA limits ammonia-induced sarcopenia by improving muscle protein synthesis and function. It is conceivable that the antisarcopenic action of LOLA contributes to its efficacy for the treatment of HE in cirrhosis.
Effect of Heating Rate on the Dynamic Compressive Properties of Granite
Authors: Shu Ronghua , Yin Tubing , Li Xibing
Published: April 2019

Variation in the heating rate due to different geothermal gradients is a cause of much concern in underground rock engineering such as deep sea and underground tunnels, nuclear waste disposal, and deep mining. By using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) and variable-speed heating furnace, the dynamic compressive properties of granite were obtained after treatments at different heating rates and temperatures; these properties mainly included the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain, and dynamic elastic modulus. The mechanism of heating rate action on the granite was simultaneously analyzed, and the macroscopic physical properties were discussed. The microscopic morphological features were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the crack propagation was determined by high-speed video camera. The experimental results show that the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus both show an obvious trend of a decrease with the increasing heating rate and temperature; the opposite phenomenon is observed for the peak strain. The relationships among the dynamic compressive properties and temperature could be described by the quadratic function. The ductility of granite is enhanced, and the number and size of cracks increase gradually when the heating rate and temperature increase. The microstructure of rock is weakened by the increased thermal stress, which finally affects the dynamic compressive properties of rock.
Integrated Guidance and Control of Interceptor Missile Based on Asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function
Authors: Liu Xiang , Liang Xiaogeng
Published: April 2019

In this study, a novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) algorithm based on an IGC method and the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is designed; this algorithm is designed for the interceptor missile which uses a direct-force/aerodynamic-force control scheme. First, by considering the coupling between the pitch and the yaw channels of the interceptor missile, an IGC model of these channels is established, and a time-varying gain extended state observer (TVGESO) is designed to estimate unknown interferences in the model. Second, by considering the system output constraint problem, an asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function and a dynamic surface sliding-mode control method are employed to design the control law of the pitch and yaw channels to obtain the desired control moments. Finally, in light of redundancy in such actuators as aerodynamic rudders and jet devices, a dynamic control allocation algorithm is designed to assign the desired control moments to the actuators. Moreover, the results of simulations show that the IGC algorithm based on the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function for the interceptor missile allows the outputs to meet the constraints and improves the stability of the control system of the interceptor missile.
Finite-Time Formation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Switching Topologies and Disturbances: An Average Dwell Time Approach
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Wei
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the finite-time formation problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with switching topologies and external disturbances. The formation problem is first transformed into the finite-time stability and bounded problems of a switched system, respectively. In particular, the finite-time unachievable topology is concerned for unreliable information exchanges. By employing the average dwell time (ADT) method, sufficient criteria are established to deal with the switching topologies such that the desired time-varying formation can be achieved in finite time. Then, the topology-dependent controller can be designed in terms of matrix technique. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the effectiveness of our proposed formation strategy.
Pituitary Gland and Neurological Involvement in a Case of Hemophagocytic Syndrome Revealing an Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul , Couturier Bruno , Gombeir Yannick , Verbanck Sylvain , Devuyst France , El Hachem Georges , Theate Ivan , Trepant Anne-Laure , De Wilde Virginie , Vandergheynst Frédéric-Alain
Published: April 2019

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare entity characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes in the lumen of small blood vessels and high mortality. Diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma is often delayed or established postmortem. Here, we report the case of a 48-year-old woman presenting hemophagocytic syndrome, with pituitary gland and neurological involvement. Diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma was made on perisplenic vessels, while liver and bone marrow biopsy was noncontributive. This case demonstrates the importance of thorough histopathologic investigations in the setting of high suspicion.
A polêmica entre Júlio Ribeiro e Alberto Sales
Authors: Aquino José Edicarlos de
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo, a partir da acusação de plágio feita a Júlio Ribeiro por Alberto Sales, analisamos as posições conflitantes acerca do modelo ideal da organização das ciências e, sobretudo, do emprego de referências teóricas na produção linguística no Brasil no século XIX, mostrando igualmente as outras questões derivadas desse debate, como a importância dos estudos clássicos e a concepção da educação. Deixando de lado a dimensão moral da questão do plágio, o que nos interessa é pensar que, longe de ser uma simples cópia, existe todo um trabalho de ressignificação das referências teóricas por parte de Júlio Ribeiro, argumentando que ele demonstra compreensão dos procedimentos de transferência metalinguística entre línguas a partir da tradição da gramática greco-latina para a composição de uma gramática.
La Méthode latine de Du Marsais
Authors: Sánchez Salor Eustaquio
Published: April 2019

Cesar Chesneau du Marsais (1676-1756) es el gramático al que Diderot y D’Alambert encargaron la redacción de las entradas gramaticales de la Encyclopedie. En 1722 publicó una Méthode latine, donde propone la enseñanza del latín y de cualquier lengua extranjera siguiendo los principios desde los que los ilustrados explican la generación del lenguaje. Ello generó una polémica entre el propio Du Marsais y sus seguidores, por una parte, y los contarios al nuevo método, por otra. Tenemos documentos muy interesantes en torno a las críticas que provocó en la propuesta de Du Marsais d’une méthode raisonnée pour apprendre la langue latine, así como en torno a las respuestas apologéticas hechas por el propio Du Marsais en su momento y por los editores de la obras completas en su edición. Nos proponemos analizar aquí la polémica.
Ensino de língua, livros didáticos e história
Authors: Batista Ronaldo De Oliveira
Published: April 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão, historicamente orientada, sobre a elaboração e circulação de livros didáticos no ensino de língua portuguesa. Complementar a essa reflexão, um estudo de caso é estabelecido a partir de uma análise de um livro, considerado em sua materialidade e circunscrição em um momento específico do desenvolvimento histórico de uma trajetória do ensino de língua. A Historiografia da Linguística é o campo teórico-metodológico que norteia este texto. Interessam a esse campo a descrição, a análise e a interpretação de elementos históricos e sociais que estão presentes na elaboração, difusão e recepção de ideias linguísticas. Entende-se, assim, que é possível descrever e narrar interpretativamente uma história do ensino de língua e da produção de material didático. Essa história pode nos levar a uma compreensão mais ampla dos modos de presença histórica de um conhecimento produzido especialmente em função de sua natureza pedagógica e didática.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE VARIATIONS IN WRITTEN AND ORAL TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Voloshina Tatyana Gennadievna , Fisunova Natalia Victorovna
Published: April 2019

Цель. В статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования вариантов английского языка в устной и письменной коммуникации. На сегодняшний день существует большое количество вариантов английского языка в связи с явлением глобализации, что подчеркивает актуальность исследования. Авторы исследования рассматривают теоретические вопросы проблемы, анализируют практический материал, выявленный в устной и письменной коммуникации, выявляют лингвокультурулогическую специфику языковых вариантов. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию вопросов социокультурной лингвистики, анализу норм родного языка и степени его влияния на применение английского языка в качестве международного средства коммуникации. Авторы исследования рассматривают особенности функционирования в речи стратегии вежливости и риторические стратегии в языке носителей разных вариантов английского языка в зависимости от стиля или жанра коммуникации.Метод или методология проведения работы. В ходе исследования авторы применяют теоретические и эмпирические методы. Теоретическая методика подразумевает исследование исторических аналогий, анализ, моделирование теоретических данных. В рамках эмпирической методологии применялись конкретизация, сравнение, обобщение, систематизация и интерпретация полученных данных по полученным фактам.Результаты. Основываясь на обширном материале теоретических исследовании и практических данных, авторы исследования приходят к выводу, что специфика коммуникативного процесса в многонациональных странах зависит от особенностей культурной идентичности. Авторы подчеркивают необходимость применения нового подхода в рамках теории речевых актов, в зависимости от стиля речи и принципа вежливости, характерного соответствующему типу культурной идентичности. В ходе исследования в работе описываются особенности функционирования вариативности английского языка в устной и письменной коммуникации и раскрываются их основные характеристики.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в области контактной лингвистики, языковой вариативности, межкультурной коммуникации.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЭКСПРЕССИВНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ЯЗЫКА ДЛЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ АТМОСФЕРЫ ТОТАЛЬНОГО ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОНТРОЛЯ В РОМАНЕ ДЖ. ОРУЭЛЛА «1984»
Authors: Bikkulov Shamil Faritovich , Bikkulova Nuriya Mingazetdinovna
Published: April 2019

В статье рассматриваются стилистические средства, задействованные автором романа для демонстрации способов манипулирования сознанием людей, живущих в тоталитарном обществе. Исследование проводится на материале относительно законченного текста в рамках научной школы стилистики декодирования.Целью исследования является анализ употребления экспрессивных выразительных средств языка в дискурсе. Для анализа выбран отрывок из романа, посвященный описанию так называемой «двухминутки ненависти».Методы исследования. Используются методы контекстуального анализа, компонентного анализа лексического значения, метод тематической сетки.Результаты. Проведенный анализ показал, что при описании ритуальной процедуры «двухминутки ненависти» автор романа использует разнообразные стилистические средства, основанные на принципе контраста. Этот принцип позволяет четко вскрыть абсолютную бесчеловечность тоталитарного режима. В то же время обнаруживается ироническое отношение автора к проводимым официальными властями ритуальным мероприятиям; подвергается осмеянию методика психологического воздействия на людей посредством шаблонной пропаганды.Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в преподавании университетских курсов по лингвистике текста, лексикологии и семасиологии, на практических занятиях по стилистике английского языка и семинарах по английской литературе.
The transcendence of transgression
Authors: Castro Sixto J.
Published: April 2019

Currently, art takes on the characteristics of a secular religion: it offers identity, dogmas, canons, experiences of transcendence and provides a certain worldly salvation without demanding any commitment to a creed or a doctrine. I will illustrate this through the example of the performance Marina Abramovic carried out at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in The Artist is Present (2010). I will connect this to the distinction that Agamben has set between the concepts of secularization and desecration: while secularization displaces the forces from one place to another, leaving them intact, desecration involves neutralizing the desecrated, eliminating its aura and putting it back to use. Even though it is commonly believed that contemporary art desecrates realities, I will try to show that actually it secularizes them. Art brings with it the strength and meaning of the religious and keeps the integrity of the auratic space within the artistic realm. This is one of the reasons why transgression in art is such an important topic for theorists: it is a constant effort to redefine the limits between what is considered sacred (and art has a decisive power on that) and what is profane (not sacred anymore or not yet).
Human oil: From magic and medicine to art
Authors: Tapio Hege
Published: April 2019

During research for my artistic project involving human fat/oil I discovered a wide range of historic reference of its use. The extraction and use of human oil has not only been present in myths and magical rituals but also practically used for medicinal healing and skincare. Allegedly hunted down by Peruvian Pishtacos, who then sold it to the cosmetic industry, it was also extracted for use in pain relief or healing of adherent scars, as well as an ingredient for use in black magic. Human oil was sought as a lucrative product for centuries until early 1900. The proposal of my project HUMANOIL is a follow-up from my previous work where biofuel was made from my own fat. HUMANOIL will involve rendering human oil, the last oil produced, from my body, sought to offer anointing, white magic or pure skincare – your choice.
Transcending taboos and transgressions or merely ploughing towards?
Authors: Steinman Dolores A. , Steinman David A.
Published: April 2019

Among the most enduring taboos, those related to the human body are the most enduring, throughout history. Be it its re/presentation of exploration, it constituted for most cultures and epochs a very sensitive subject, ever evolving and changing, but perennially raw and open to debate and discussion. With the advent of new technologies sustaining and infiltrating society, the body is seen, explored and represented in new ways that can be, simultaneously, interpreted either as transgressive or respectful of taboos, depending on the point of view or the current social norms. The question is: are we able to transcend transgression of taboos through our work or are we still far from achieving it? Our tools are computer-generated simulations based on patient-collected data. Building our arguments on Foucault’s Birth of the Clinic (1973) analysis, we approach the evolution of our own research as a ‘case study’. In the age of the life-support, stem-cell therapy and 3D organ printing, is computer simulation mimicking or mirroring organic life and phenomena, or is it creating a debatable simulacrum? From reducing the human body to a series of equations that lead to depersonalization and loss of self, to tailored modelling based on patient-collected biological data, the computer simulations took a variety of guises. At each point of the way, confronting the taboos, conventions and through controlled transgressions of established rules, we strived to transcend all historic limitations and update, adjust and fine-tune the technology and its uses to better suit the clinicians’ pursuits.
Un análisis de la formación terciaria entre los trabajadores dependientes e independientes: El caso de Portugal.
Authors: Pires de Carvalho Oliveira Silva Carla Sofia , Freire Seoane María Jesús , López Bermúdez Beatriz
Published: April 2019

La inserción laboral de la población es un proceso complejo, que requiere la consideración de un buen número de variables y la aproximación desde múltiples niveles. Por una parte, es importante analizar este procedimiento atendiendo a las condiciones del mercado de trabajo y a las características de los individuos que configuran el capital humano existente en cada país. Portugal ha experimentado en el periodo de 2006 a 2016 un proceso de crisis económica (2008), que provoca en 2011 la intervención de la Unión Europea. A pesar de todo, en este contexto donde la situación socio-económica se ve perjudicada la recuperación se hace latente y se ha conseguido mantener la senda de crecimiento, que ha repercutido en los niveles educativos y en la inserción laboral. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los niveles de educación terciaria alcanzados por la población ocupada en el periodo 2006 a 2016, diferenciando entre trabajadores contratados por cuenta ajena (dependientes) o por cuenta propia (independientes).
Front Matter Vol. 18(1), 2019
Authors: Etikonomi 2019 Jurnal
Published: April 2019

Front Matter Vol. 18(1), 2019
A utopia da América: tempo e autenticidade na crítica de Ángel Rama
Authors: Demenech Pedro
Published: April 2019

Este artigo trata de algumas questões presentes na crítica da cultura de Ángel Rama, professor, jornalista, editor, ficcionista e dramaturgo uruguaiopara a América Latina, principalmente no prólogo de La Novela en América Latina (1982),a única coletânea de textos que publicou ainda vivo. Nesse prólogo, Ángel, ao haver recolhido alguns de seus textos escritos entre os anos 1960 e 1970, remontou um percurso no qual analisou e esmiuçou suas preocupações intelectuais e teóricas. Tornando possível perceber como o tempo e a autenticidade são articulados para fundar uma ideia de América. Depois, utiliza os princípios de inacabamento e provisoriedade para interpretar a cultura do continente como um ensaio. Adiante, fez uma releitura de Pedro Henríquez Ureña sobre a utopia da América. Por último, lidou com uma temporalidade situada entre o passado e o futuro num momento em que o presente parecia infinito.
Teoria da história e história da historiografia: aberturas para “histórias não-convencionais”
Authors: Rodrigues Thamara de Oliveira
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre o que chamaremos de “histórias não-convencionais”, a teoria da história e a história da historiografia. Discutiremos aberturas possíveis das disciplinas para esferas que tensionam com seus protocolos sedimentados e, também, a relação destas aberturas com a emergência de uma temporalidade que tem transformado as humanidades e suas prioridades epistemológicas. Argumentaremos que os passados práticos, a critical quantitative inquiry, o paradigma da presença, a história pública e as historiografias populares seriam alguns exemplos de aberturas para “histórias não-convencionais”, à medida que intervêm criticamente no que diz respeito aos discursos e paradigmas históricos e historiográficos academicamente instituídos.
Experiencia, símbolo y comunicación: un modelo transversal para el estudio del pensamiento histórico
Authors: Escribano Roca Rodrigo
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se propone la definición de un modelo heurístico para el análisis transversal del pensamiento histórico, entendido éste como un conjunto de prácticas cognitivas y discursos públicos que dotan de sentido a las relaciones de las sociedades humanas con los tiempos históricos. Se parte de la premisa de que, para entender en su complejidad los procesos intelectuales de significación de los mundos históricos, es necesario combinar en un solo campo de análisis los problemas concernientes a la experiencia, la representación, la conceptualización y la argumentación de la historia, así como aquellas cuestiones referentes a su comunicación y sus usos sociales. A tal fin, se conceptualizarán cinco dimensiones analizables del pensamiento histórico (experiencial, representacional, teórico-argumentativa, conceptual y performativa), revisando las teorías historiográficas elaboradas sobre cada una de ellas, definiendo sus relaciones mutuas y sus especificidades y, finalmente, diseñando una batería de preguntas para analizarlas en conjunto.
Entender ou defender o Santo Ofício? Negacionismo, apologética e usos da história inquisitorial em Para entender a Inquisição (2009), de Felipe Aquino
Authors: Camilo Rocha Igor Tadeu
Published: April 2019

Este artigo analisa o livro Para entender a Inquisição, do missionário católico Felipe Aquino, uma obra apologética que propõe uma revisão histórica sobre os tribunais de fé católicos medievais e modernos, partindo da premissa de que existem usos da história secular da Inquisição contra a Igreja Católica e, por isso, é necessária sua releitura para a defesa de sua doutrina. Os objetivos aqui são os de analisar os usos da história nessa obra, discutindo sua articulação com uma tradição de escrita histórica de intelectuais conservadores e negacionistas sobre as Inquisições. A hipótese defendida é de que o negacionismo sobre o passado inquisitorial, ponto central na narrativa de Aquino, serve mais a um conservadorismo do presente, conferindo-lhe sentido histórico, do que a uma disputa pelo passado real. Pretende-se ainda levantar uma breve discussão sobre o papel do historiador profissional em relação a isso.
Meta-história para robôs (bots): o conhecimento histórico na era da inteligência artificial
Authors: Nicodemo Thiago Lima , Cardoso Oldimar Pontes
Published: April 2019

Esse texto oferece uma reflexão teórica sobre os efeitos da inteligência artificial e do universo digital no ofício do historiador. A reflexão é baseada em um conjunto de experimentos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de um “historiador cibernético”, lidando com hipóteses tais como, robôs criando narrativas históricas e dominando métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Para isso, apresentamos nossa tecnologia própria em fase de desenvolvimento, problematizando as etapas para a criação de um "robô” historiador. O termo “robô" (ou “bot”) é entendido como um programa computacional que executa tarefas de forma quase inteiramente autônoma, sem qualquer relação com o usuário humano. Por sua vez, estas tarefas são complementadas por um sistema de inteligência artificial. Essa realidade emergente nos projeto em questões urgentes sobre transparência e ética no mundo digital, e pode ser uma poderosa ferramenta para problematizar o futuro da história no mundo contemporâneo.  Corrigendum publicado em 28 de abril de 2019.1. Ambos os autores contribuiram igualmente para este trabalho.2. A propriedade do algoritmo utilizado na obtenção dos dados deste artigo pertence a Oldimar Cardoso.
Do Theorists of History Have a Theory of History? Reflections on a Non-Discipline
Authors: Simon Zoltán Boldizsár
Published: April 2019

This brief article is a discussion-starter on the question of the role and use of theories and philosophies of history. In the last few decades, theories of history typically intended to transform the practice of historical studies through a straightforward application of their insights. Contrary to this, I argue that they either bring about particular historiographical innovations in terms of methodology but leave the entirety of historical studies intact or change the way we think about the entirety of historical studies merely by describing and explaining it in fresh and novel ways, without the need (and possibility) of application. In the former case, theories appear as internal to historical studies. In the latter case, they appear as theories abouthistory, and such theories are no longer limited to study history understood as historical writing. In reflecting on the historical condition of the ever-changing world, they foster a more fruitful cooperative relationship with the discipline of history. Discussing the scope and use of such theories of history is inevitable today when a younger generation sets out to theorize history against the backdrop of the experiential horizon of their own times.
Editorial
Authors: Historiografia História da
Published: April 2019

Editorial n. 29
protocol v4
Authors: Niu Yanli , Peng Yansong , Chen Wenxing , Zhan Xuaihuai , Chachar Sadaruddin , Zhang Pingxian , Zhou Saixi , Gao Yuan
Published: April 2019

SSR and SRAP markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity and structure of sixty-four samples from four populations ofEmmenopterys henryi. Twelve pairs of SRAP primers generated 86 bands, and polymorphism rate was 88.37%. 148 polymorphic alleles were detected by ten pairs of SSR primers, with an average number of polymorphic alleles per primer pair of 14.8. The rank of population genetic diversity based on SRAP markers was: HS ＞DWS＞ JGS＞WYS population, while the sortation was DWS ＞WYS＞ JGS＞HS population. The analyzed samples based on SRAP markers were divided into two clusters by genetic structure, cluster and PCA analysis. However, the result of genetic structure, cluster and PCA analysis based on SSR markers were divided to three groups. It seemed that the extant of genetic pattern of E. henryi might have mainly attributed to its long evolutionary history, wide-ranging distribution, outcross mating system and human activities. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations. It suggested that gene exchange occurred among populations in the past, but at the same time, it resisted genetic differentiation due to gene drift. Based on the conservation of germplasm resources and genetic diversity, the combination of SRAP and SSR markers could fully implement conservation and sustainable exploitation of the endangered plant E. henryi.
Stranded Mapping from Oriented Long Reads v4
Authors: A Eccles David
Published: April 2019

This protocol demonstrates how to map strand-oriented long reads to a genome, and visualise them in a genome browser. The general idea is to use minimap2 to create stranded BAM files, which are split for forward/reverse orientation then converted into BigWig format for display in a genome browser. Input(s): stranded fastq files (see protocol Preparing Reads for Stranded Mapping) a FASTA file containing the genome / sequence of interest. Output(s): Genome-mapped stranded BAM files Genome-mapped stranded BigWig files
Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rahman Masuder , Akter Sakila , Zohora Fatama Tous , Shibly Abu Zaffar
Published: April 2019

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).
Incidence, nature and causality assessment of cutaneous adverse reactions to cosmetics: a pilot study
Authors: Al Mulla Fatma , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , Shariff Atiqulla , Al Hassan Ghada Abu
Published: April 2019

Background: Adverse reactions (ARs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity, hospitalization and increased healthcare cost. ARs to cosmetics are often underreported. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence, nature, causality and the outcome of ARs to cosmetics.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a dermatology outpatient clinic of a secondary care hospital of UAE. All the patients with suspected AR to cosmetics and reporting to dermatology clinic were included. The required data were collected from patient case files, patients and their caretakers. The Colipa causality scale was used to assess the causality of reported ARs.Results: The incidence of cutaneous ARs to cosmetics was 1.58%. Shampoo was the most common [7 (16.6%)] type of cosmetic suspected to cause AR, followed by face cream [6 (14.2%)]. The most common cutaneous AR to cosmetics observed in our study was rash and pruritus [13 (30.9%)] followed by itching [10 (23.8%)]. The majority of the cutaneous ARs in our study were on scalp, face and lower limbs each contributing about 21.4%. Causality assessment reveals that 16 (38%) of the cutaneous ARs were very likely type, while 25 (60%) of ARs were of not clearly attributable to use of cosmetic/s.Conclusions: Good number of the adverse reactions documented were mild in nature. Majority of the adverse reactions were not clearly attributable type. The results of this study can form a basis for creating awareness regarding the most common cosmetics associated with ARs. The study fosters the role of initiating cosmetovigilance activities.
A sociodemographic profile of inmates of an old age home in North Maharashtra
Authors: Chauhan Rambadan Phoolchand , Patil Sunil Vitthalrao
Published: April 2019

Background: India had about 8.6 crores elderly above 65 years in 2016. It is expected to increase to 17.9 crores by 2031 and 30.1 crores by 2051. This will increase the demand for health and other social security services. Hence, we decided to collect and analyze socio-demographic profile of inmates of an old age home (OAH).Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted at an old age home in North Maharashtra from 15th March 2008 to 30th April 2008 by questionnaires/interviews. Sample size was 100%.Results: There were total 40 inmates. 50% were aged 50-60 years. 27.5% (60-70 years), 17.5% (70-80 years) and 5% (80-90 years). Males were 52.5%, female- 47.5%. married- 50%, widow- 45% and unmarried- 5%. 30% were housewives, 27.5 % were labourers, 20% were businessmen, 10% were in government jobs, 7.5% were teachers and 5% were farmers. 40% inmates were childless, >4 children- 25%, 3 children- 17.5%, 2 children- 12.5% and 1 child-5%. 33 inmates’ children were literate while 7 inmates’ children were illiterate. Main causes of staying at OAH were family problems 50%, personal cause 45% and economical cause was 5%. Major health problems were locomotor disorder- 52.5%, cataract- 47.5%, hypertension- 17.5%, diabetes- 15%, genito-urinary problem- 7.5%, decreased hearing- 7.5%, IHD- 5% and respiratory problems- 2.5%. Dental health/problems included missing teeth- 65%, caries- 25%, discoloration- 22.5% and dentures- 20%. Literacy was 70%.Conclusions: Major medical/dental/social problems were locomotor, cataract, diabetes-mellitus, hypertension, tooth loss, caries, family disputes, poverty and childlessness.