bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape Optimization of Flat Clinching Tools by Combining Finite Element Simulation and Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhang Huiyang , Chen Chao
Published: October 2022

Flat clinched joints are increasingly being investigated due to the flat bottom surface. In the current study, the shape of the flat clinching tools was optimized to improve the joint strength. Experimental tests of flat clinching were carried out using different forming loads to provide validation data for finite element simulations. Cross-tension tests were conducted under quasi-static conditions to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the joint samples. Multiple finite element models based on the response surface method were developed to obtain the functional relationship between the four tool parameters and neck area, as well as the functional relationship between the four parameters and undercut area, respectively. The geometric effects of the flat clinching tools on the neck and undercut areas were analyzed. A genetic algorithm was used to obtain a solution set that maximized both the neck and undercut areas. The cross-tension strength of the joint produced according to the best-tested solution was 1526 N, which was 13.7% higher than that of the pre-optimized joint. The optimization method in this study could effectively improve the joint strength of the flat clinching process.
Machine Straightness Error Measurement Based on Optical Fiber Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Monitoring Technique
Authors: Fu Xingyu , Zhou Fengfeng , Yun Huitaek , Kim Eunseob , Chen Siying , Jun Martin Byung-Guk
Published: October 2022

In this research, we propose an Error Separation Technique (EST) based on optical fiber sensors for on-machine straightness error measurement. Two fiber optic Fabry–Pérot interferometers have been developed serving as two displacement sensors. The displacement distance is computed according to the reflected spectrum from interferometers, which can achieve a sub-micrometer resolution. The two-point method has been employed to separate the straightness error of the slides and the profile error of a fine-polished standard block. The spacing distance between two interferometers is determined by the diameter of optical fibers so that the EST's resolution has the potential to reach the sub-millimeter scale. In the experiment, the straightness error has been measured on a commercially available computer numerical control machine tool, and the measurement has been conducted on its x-axis. The spacing distance between two optical fiber sensors is 1.5 mm which equals the EST's resolution along the machine tool's x-axis. The separated profile error of the measured standard block is around 30 µm which has been verified by a high precision Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM). The magnitude of the separated straightness error is around 40 µm. This technique is flexible and simple to be conducted, which can contribute to the micro-machine tool calibration and other straightness error applications.
Error Management Bias in Student Design Teams
Authors: Fillingim Kenton B. , Shapiro Hannah , Fu Katherine K.
Published: October 2022

This research examines how cognitive bias manifests in the design activities of graduate student design teams, with a particular focus on how to uncover evidence of these biases through survey-based data collection. After identifying bias in design teams, this work discusses those biases with consideration for the intent of error management, through the lens of adaptive rationality. Data were collected in one graduate-level design course across nine design teams over the course of a semester-long project. Results are shown for five different types of bias: bandwagon, availability, status quo, ownership, and hindsight biases. The conclusions drawn are based on trends and statistical correlations from survey data, as well as course deliverables. This work serves as a starting point for highlighting the most common forms of bias in design teams, with the goal of developing ways in which to mitigate those biases in future work.
A noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism at 8q24 drives
IDH1
-mutant glioma formation
Authors: Yanchus Connor , Drucker Kristen L. , Kollmeyer Thomas M. , Tsai Ricky , Winick-Ng Warren , Liang Minggao , Malik Ahmad , Pawling Judy , De Lorenzo Silvana B. , Ali Asma , Decker Paul A. , Kosel Matt L. , Panda Arijit , Al-Zahrani Khalid N. , Jiang Lingyan , Browning Jared W. L. , Lowden Chris , Geuenich Michael , Hernandez J. Javier , Gosio Jessica T. , Ahmed Musaddeque , Loganathan Sampath Kumar , Berman Jacob , Trcka Daniel , Michealraj Kulandaimanuvel Antony , Fortin Jerome , Carson Brittany , Hollingsworth Ethan W. , Jacinto Sandra , Mazrooei Parisa , Zhou Lily , Elia Andrew , Lupien Mathieu , He Housheng Hansen , Murphy Daniel J. , Wang Liguo , Abyzov Alexej , Dennis James W. , Maass Philipp G. , Campbell Kieran , Wilson Michael D. , Lachance Daniel H. , Wrensch Margaret , Wiencke John , Mak Tak , Pennacchio Len A. , Dickel Diane E. , Visel Axel , Wrana Jeffrey , Taylor Michael D. , Zadeh Gelareh , Dirks Peter , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Attisano Liliana , Pombo Ana , Ida Cristiane M. , Kvon Evgeny Z. , Jenkins Robert B. , Schramek Daniel
Published: October 2022

Establishing causal links between inherited polymorphisms and cancer risk is challenging. Here, we focus on the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs55705857, which confers a sixfold greater risk of isocitrate dehydrogenase (
IDH)
–mutant low-grade glioma (LGG). We reveal that rs55705857 itself is the causal variant and is associated with molecular pathways that drive LGG. Mechanistically, we show that rs55705857 resides within a brain-specific enhancer, where the risk allele disrupts OCT2/4 binding, allowing increased interaction with the
Myc
promoter and increased
Myc
expression. Mutating the orthologous mouse rs55705857 locus accelerated tumor development in an
Idh1
R132H
-driven LGG mouse model from 472 to 172 days and increased penetrance from 30% to 75%. Our work reveals mechanisms of the heritable predisposition to lethal glioma in ~40% of LGG patients.
Partisanship and the pandemic
Pandemic Politics
Shana Kushner Gadarian, Sara Wallace Goodman, and Thomas B. Pepinsky
Princeton University Press, 2022. 400 pp.
Authors: Levendusky Matthew S.
Published: October 2022

Political polarization shaped attitudes and outcomes related to COVID-19
Community instability in the microbial world
Authors: Huelsmann Matthias , Ackermann Martin
Published: October 2022

Miniature ecosystems provide insights into general ecological principles
Protect wildlife from livestock diseases
Authors: Kuiken Thijs , Cromie Ruth
Published: October 2022

This summer, seabirds in Europe, North America, and Africa suffered unprecedented high mortality as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) swept through their breeding colonies. Given that the potential for HPAI—which originated in farmed poultry—to affect wild birds has been known for more than a decade, how were these continents caught off guard? Nations must assume responsibility for protecting wildlife from anthropogenic diseases, particularly those originating from ever-increasing livestock populations.
An advocate for Africa
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: October 2022

With rigorous science and good-humored braggadocio, Tulio de Oliveira champions coronavirus research from the Global South
NASA asteroid test strikes a blow for planetary defense
Authors: Savitsky Zack
Published: October 2022

Observers study debris from DART’s crash into a space rock and wait to see how much the asteroid was deflected
Role of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in Degradation and Consumption of Xylan-Derived Carbohydrates
Authors: Drey Elizabeth , Kok Car Reen , Hutkins Robert
Published: October 2022

The beneficial health effects of dietary fiber are now well established. Moreover, low fiber consumption is associated with increased risks of metabolic and systemic diseases.
The Changing Paradigm of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment: Successes, Pitfalls, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Dookie Navisha , Ngema Senamile L. , Perumal Rubeshan , Naicker Nikita , Padayatchi Nesri , Naidoo Kogieleum
Published: October 2022

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global crisis due to the increasing incidence of drug-resistant forms of the disease, gaps in detection and prevention, models of care, and limited treatment options. The DR-TB treatment landscape has evolved over the last 10 years.
Assembly of
Olivibacter
sp. Strain UJ_SKK_5.1 Genome Sequence, Isolated from Metagenomes of
Macrotermes bellicosus
Guts Collected from Hot, Arid Nigeria
Authors: Kutshik Richard J. , Yakubu Bitrus , Joel Enoch B. , Lenka Jessica L. , Tukur Aminu , Longdet Ishaya Y.
Published: October 2022

The metagenome-assembled genome sequence of
Olivibacter
sp. strain UJ_SKK_5.1 was generated from the metagenome of a
Macrotermes bellicosus
(termites) gut collected from Nigeria’s hot, arid environment. The assembled genome (6,135,249 bp) contains 432 contigs, with an
N
50
value of 22,779 bp, GC content of 41.1%, 5,043 protein-coding sequences, 5,034 proteins with functional assignments, and 9 pseudogenes and 48 RNA genes.
Genomic Epidemiology and Phylodynamic Analysis of Enterovirus A71 Reveal Its Transmission Dynamics in Asia
Authors: Xiao Jinbo , Huang Keqiang , Lu Huanhuan , Song Yang , Han Zhenzhi , Zhang Man , Li Jichen , Zhou Xiaofang , Chen Jianhua , Yu Qiuli , Yang Ming , Yan Dongmei , Ji Tianjiao , Yang Qian , Zhu Shuangli , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2022

EV-A71 is one of the most important pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks; however, large-scale studies of EV-A71 genomic epidemiology are currently lacking. In this study, 200 new EV-A71 whole-genome sequences were determined.
The Bacterial Markers of Identification of Invasive CovR/CovS-Inactivated Group A
Streptococcus
Authors: Shi Yong-An , Chen Tzu-Ching , Chen Yan-Wen , Liu Yen-Shan , Chen Yi-Ywan M. , Lai Chih-Ho , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Chiang-Ni Chuan
Published: October 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis is rapidly progressive and life-threatening; if the initial diagnosis is delayed, deep soft tissue infection can progress to massive tissue destruction and toxic shock syndrome. Group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) with inactivated mutations in the CovR/CovS two-component regulatory system are related to necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome; however, no bacterial marker is available to identify these invasive clinical isolates.
Characterization and corroboration of safety signals identified from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, 2008-19: cross sectional study
Authors: Dhodapkar Meera M , Shi Xiaoting , Ramachandran Reshma , Chen Evan M , Wallach Joshua D , Ross Joseph S
Published: October 2022

Objective

To characterize potential drug safety signals identified from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), from 2008 to 2019, to determine how often these signals resulted in regulatory action by the FDA and whether these actions were corroborated by published research findings or public assessments by the Sentinel Initiative.

Design

Cross sectional study.

Setting

USA.

Population

Safety signals identified from the FAERS and publicly reported by the FDA between 2008 and 2019; and review of the relevant literature published before and after safety signals were reported in 2014-15. Literature searches were performed in November 2019, Sentinel Initiative assessments were searched in December 2021, and data analysis was finalized in December 2021.

Main outcome measures

Safety signals and resulting regulatory actions; number and characteristics of published studies, including corroboration of regulatory action as evidenced by significant associations (or no associations) between the drug related to the signal and the adverse event.

Results

From 2008 to 2019, 603 potential safety signals identified from the FAERS were reported by the FDA (median 48 annually, interquartile range 41-61), of which 413 (68.5%) were resolved as of December 2021 (372 of 399 (93.2%) signals ≥3 years old were resolved). Among the resolved safety signals, 91 (22.0%) led to no regulatory action and 322 (78.0%) resulted in regulatory action, including 319 (77.2%) changes to drug labeling and 59 (14.3%) drug safety communications or other public communications from the FDA. For a subset of 82 potential safety signals reported in 2014-15, a literature search identified 1712 relevant publications; 1201 (70.2%) were case reports or case series. Among these 82 safety signals, 76 (92.7%) were resolved, of which relevant published research was identified for 57 (75.0%) signals and relevant Sentinel Initiative assessments for four (5.3%) signals. Regulatory actions by the FDA were corroborated by at least one relevant published research study for 17 of the 57 (29.8%) resolved safety signals; none of the relevant Sentinel Initiative assessments corroborated FDA regulatory action.

Conclusions

Most potential safety signals identified from the FAERS led to regulatory action by the FDA. Only a third of regulatory actions were corroborated by published research, however, and none by public assessments from the Sentinel Initiative. These findings suggest that either the FDA is taking regulatory actions based on evidence not made publicly available or more comprehensive safety evaluations might be needed when potential safety signals are identified.
Small airway function measured using forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity and its relationship to airflow limitation in symptomatic ever-smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alobaidi Nowaf Y , Almeshari Mohammed , Stockley James , Stockley Robert Andrew , Sapey Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is diagnosed and its severity graded by traditional spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1, respectively) but these parameters are considered insensitive for identifying early pathology. Measures of small airway function, including forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75), may be more valuable in the earliest phases of COPD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low FEF25-75in ever-smokers with and without airflow limitation (AL) and to determine whether FEF25-75relates to AL severity.

Method

A retrospective analysis of lung function data of 1458 ever-smokers suspected clinically of having COPD. Low FEF25-75was defined by z-score<−0.8345 and AL was defined by FEV1/FVC z-scores<−1.645. The severity of AL was evaluated using FEV1z-scores. Participants were placed into three groups: normal FEF25-75/ no AL (normal FEF25-75/AL−); low FEF25-75/ no AL (low FEF25-75/AL−) and low FEF25-75/ AL (low FEF25-75/AL+).

Results

Low FEF25-75was present in 99.9% of patients with AL, and 50% of those without AL. Patients in the low FEF25-75/AL− group had lower spirometric measures (including FEV1FEF25-75/FVC and FEV3/FVC) than those in the normal FEF25-75/AL− group. FEF25-75decreased with AL severity. A logistic regression model demonstrated that in the absence of AL, the presence of low FEF25-75was associated with lower FEV1and FEV1/FVC even when smoking history was accounted for.

Conclusions

Low FEF25-75is a physiological trait in patients with conventional spirometric AL and likely reflects early evidence of impairment in the small airways when spirometry is within the ‘normal range’. FEF25-75likely identifies a group of patients with early evidence of pathological lung damage who warrant careful monitoring and reinforced early intervention to abrogate further lung injury.
Cancer-related psychosocial challenges
Authors: Wang Youyang , Feng Wei
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, cancer incidence has increased globally while its mortality has decreased. Accordingly, healthcare practitioners aim to provide comprehensive care to cancer patients. The biopsychosocial model suggests medical professionals' understanding of how psychosocial factors influence the entire course of cancer is critical. However, until now, an integrative review summarising the full scope of these psychosocial domains has been lacking. This review substantiates that cancer patients, survivors, their caregivers, and oncology professionals face substantial psychosocial challenges. Cancer patients and survivors may experience deterioration of self-concept, disturbance of body image, sexual problems and difficulties in social relationships while attempting to cope with casual issues. The burdens of care provision and the impact on the health of caregivers of cancer patients are also noteworthy. Improving the quality of patient–doctor communication and overcoming burnout are significant challenges for oncology healthcare professionals.
Effects of turbine height and cut-in speed on bat and swallow fatalities at wind energy facilities
Authors: Anderson Alexandra M. , Jardine Catherine B. , Zimmerling J.R. , Baerwald Erin F. , Davy Christina M.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the relationship between the height of wind turbines and wildlife fatalities is important for informing and mitigating wildlife collisions as ever taller and denser arrays of wind turbines are erected across the landscape. We examined relationships between turbine height and fatalities of bats and swallows at 811 turbines in Ontario, Canada, ranging from 119 to 186 m tall. We accounted for cut-in speeds, operational mitigation, and taller turbines projecting carcasses farther from the turbine base than shorter turbines. Fatalities of hoary bats ( Lasiurus cinereus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796), silver-haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831), and big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) increased with increased maximum blade height of turbines. In contrast, fatalities of little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus Le Conte, 1831) and eastern red bat ( Lasiurus borealis Müller, 1776) decreased with increased turbine height. Fatalities of purple martins ( Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) and tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808) were higher at taller turbines than shorter turbines. However, fatalities of cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817) and barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758) were not associated with turbine height. Our results suggest that varying flight height among species may be one factor affecting collision risk.
Survey of Approaches and Techniques for Security Verification of Computer Systems
Authors: Erata Ferhat , Deng Shuwen , Zaghloul Faisal , Xiong Wenjie , Demir Onur , Szefer Jakub
Published: October 2022

This article surveys the landscape of security verification approaches and techniques for computer systems at various levels: from a software-application level all the way to the physical hardware level. Different existing projects are compared, based on the tools used and security aspects being examined. Since many systems require both hardware and software components to work together to provide the system’s promised security protections, it is not sufficient to verify just the software levels or just the hardware levels in a mutually exclusive fashion. This survey especially highlights system levels that are verified by the different existing projects and presents to the readers the state of the art in hardware and software system security verification. Few approaches come close to providing full-system verification, and there is still much room for improvement.
The Biology and Ecology of Parasitoid Wasps of Predatory Arthropods
Authors: Fei Minghui , Gols Rieta , Harvey Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2022

Parasitoid wasps are important components of insect food chains and have played a central role in biological control programs for over a century. Although the vast majority of parasitoids exploit insect herbivores as hosts, others parasitize predatory insects and arthropods, such as ladybird beetles, hoverflies, lacewings, ground beetles, and spiders, or are hyperparasitoids. Much of the research on the biology and ecology of parasitoids of predators has focused on ladybird beetles, whose parasitoids may interfere with the control of insect pests like aphids by reducing ladybird abundance. Alternatively, parasitoids of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis may reduce its harmful impact on native ladybird populations. Different life stages of predatory insects and spiders are susceptible to parasitism to different degrees. Many parasitoids of predators exhibit intricate physiological interrelationships with their hosts, adaptively manipulating host behavior, biology, and ecology in ways that increase parasitoid survival and fitness.
Postcopulatory Behavior of Tephritid Flies
Authors: Pérez-Staples Diana , Abraham Solana
Published: October 2022

Mating produces profound changes in the behavior of female flies, such as an increase in oviposition, reduction in sexual receptivity, increase in feeding, and even excretion. Many of these changes are produced by copulation, sperm, and accessory gland products that males transfer to females during mating. Our knowledge on the function of the male ejaculate and its effect on female insects is still incipient. In this article, we review peri- and postcopulatory behaviors in tephritid flies. We address the effects of male copulatory behavior; copula duration; and the male ejaculate, sperm, and accessory gland products on female remating behavior. Many species from these families are pests of economic importance; thus, understanding male mating effects on female behavior contributes to both developing more effective environmentally friendly control methods and furthering our understanding of evolutionary implications of intersexual competition and sexual conflict.
Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Multifunctional Entities in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Clancy James W. , D'Souza-Schorey Crislyn
Published: October 2022

Tumor cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can function as mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. EVs contain a host of bioactive cargo, including membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear proteins, in addition to noncoding RNAs, other RNA types, and double-stranded DNA fragments. These shed vesicles may deposit paracrine information and can also be taken up by stromal cells, causing the recipient cells to undergo phenotypic changes that profoundly impact diverse facets of cancer progression. For example, this unique form of cellular cross talk helps condition the premetastatic niche, facilitates evasion of the immune response, and promotes invasive and metastatic activity. These findings, coupled with those demonstrating that the number and content of EVs produced by tumors can vary depending on their tumor of origin, disease stage, or response to therapy, have raised the exciting possibility that EVs can be used for risk stratification, diagnostic, and even prognostic purposes. We summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of EV cargoes, their impact on disease progression, and implementation of EV-based liquid biopsies as tumor biomarkers.
Understanding the Chemical Exposome During Fetal Development and Early Childhood: A Review
Authors: Krausová Magdaléna , Braun Dominik , Buerki-Thurnherr Tina , Gundacker Claudia , Schernhammer Eva , Wisgrill Lukas , Warth Benedikt
Published: October 2022

Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures. Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the exposome. The chemical exposome can be summarized as the sum of all xenobiotics that humans are exposed to throughout a lifetime. We review different exposure classes and routes that impact fetal and infant metabolism and the potential toxicological role of mixture effects. We also discuss the progress in human biomonitoring and present possiblemodels for studying maternal–fetal transfer. Data gaps on prenatal and infant exposure to xenobiotic mixtures are identified and include natural biotoxins, in addition to commonly reported synthetic toxicants, to obtain a more holistic assessment of the chemical exposome. We highlight the lack of large-scale studies covering a broad range of xenobiotics. Several recommendations to advance our understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and the subsequent impact on health outcomes are proposed.
Constructing the Wiggers diagram using core concepts: a classroom activity
Authors: Silverthorn Dee U.
Published: October 2022

The Wiggers diagram is one of the most intimidating figures students encounter in their study of physiology. This paper describes a discovery learning activity that walks students through the construction of the Wiggers diagram by focusing on core concepts: blood flow down pressure gradients and the structure-function relationship of heart valves and blood flow.
Flipped teaching transition to online teaching by STEM educators during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gopalan Chaya , Serrano Charles , Dickey Paige , Daughrity Sheyenne , Hackmann Elizabeth , Bracey Georgia , Bartels Lynn , Fickas Julie , Locke Sharon , Butts-Wilmsmeyer Carolyn
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 necessitated online teaching (OT). The perceptions of STEM faculty of OT at two-year and four-year institutions were examined. One group had received flipped teaching (FT) training (FTEs), whereas the others practiced traditional teaching (TTEs). Among two cohorts of FTEs, cohort 1 had been practicing FT but not cohort 2. FTEs were more confident with OT than TTEs. FT experience helped cohort 1 adjust to OT more than cohort 2. Overall, FT eased the transition to OT.
NOXA1-dependent NADPH oxidase 1 signaling mediates angiotensin II activation of the epithelial sodium channel
Authors: Mironova Elena , Archer Crystal R. , Vendrov Aleksandr E. , Runge Marschall S. , Madamanchi Nageswara R. , Arendshorst William J. , Stockand James D. , Abd El-Aziz Tarek Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron fine-tunes renal Na+ excretion. Angiotensin II (ANG II) has been reported to enhance ENaC activity. Emerging evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase (NOX) signaling plays an important role in the stimulation of ENaC by ANG II in principal cells. The present findings indicate that NOX activator 1/NOX1 signaling mediates ANG II stimulation of ENaC in renal principal cells.
Oxidation of independent and combined ingested galactose and glucose during exercise
Authors: Odell Oliver J. , Impey Samuel G. , Shad Brandon J. , Podlogar Tim , Salgueiro Rafael B. , Rowlands David S. , Wallis Gareth A.
Published: October 2022

Glucose and galactose coingestion blunted the galactosemia seen with galactose-only ingestion during exercise. Glucose and galactose coingestion did not enhance the oxidation of ingested galactose during exercise. Combined galactose-glucose (1:1 ratio) ingestion was oxidized to a similar extent as isoenergetic glucose-only ingestion during exercise. Galactose-glucose blends are a viable exogenous carbohydrate energy source for ingestion during exercise.
LP07 and LLC preclinical models of lung cancer induce divergent anabolic deficits and expression of pro-inflammatory effectors of muscle wasting
Authors: Belcher Daniel J. , Guitart Maria , Hain Brian , Kim Hyo-Gun , Waning David , Barreiro Esther , Nader Gustavo A.
Published: October 2022

We provide novel data demonstrating significant divergence in anabolic deficits and the expression of proinflammatory effectors of muscle wasting consequent to different lung-derived tumors.
Diet-induced obesity leads to sleep fragmentation independently of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Kim Lenise J. , Alexandre Chloe , Pho Huy , Latremoliere Alban , Polotsky Vsevolod Y. , Pham Luu V.
Published: October 2022

Our diet-induced obesity (DIO) model reproduces sleep features of human obesity, including sleep fragmentation, increased apnea frequency, and larger breathing variability. DIO induces sleep fragmentation independently of apnea severity. Sleep fragmentation in DIO mice is mainly attributed to non-respiratory arousals. Increased breathing variability during sleep did not account for the higher arousal frequency in DIO. Our results provide a rationale to examine sleep in patients with obesity even when they are adequately treated for sleep-disordered breathing.
Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema
Authors: Kheradmand Farrah , Zhang Yun , Corry David B.
Published: October 2022

The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.
[Retracted] Influence and Analysis of Music Teaching Environment Monitoring on Students’ Mental Health Using Data Mining Technology
Authors: Dong Xinlei , Kang Xin , Ding Xiaolei
Published: October 2022

Students currently mostly experience psychological issues like worry and fear, which are primarily brought on by the high demands placed on them. One psychotherapy technique is music therapy. The goal is to use music to enhance health, particularly as a tool to break down barriers both inside and outside the body. Based on data mining (DM) technologies, this paper examines the impact of music education on students’ psychological health. The study demonstrates that the DM algorithm utilised in this work has the lowest error rate, with an average error rate of only 6.90%, followed by the ACA method with an average error rate of 17.48%, and finally the AI algorithm with an average error rate of 29.35%. As can be shown, this approach is more suited to research the effects of music instruction on students’ psychological well‐being. The functional module based on DM is developed through simulation experiments to confirm the application effectiveness of the DM algorithm. This is done by using the data source of DM and the structural model of the mining system to build this module on the foundation of the original psychological evaluation system.
PCAF Accelerates Vascular Senescence via the Hippo Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kong Chaohua , Wang Dongchen , Wang Feng , Lv Yifei , Zhou Wenying , Ye Peng , Gu Yue , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhu Linlin , Ge Zhen , Chao Yuelin , Chen Shaoliang
Published: October 2022

P300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF), one of the histone acetyltransferases (HATs), is known to be involved in cell growth and/or differentiation. PCAF is reported to be involved in atherosclerotic plaques and neointimal formation. However, its role in cellular senescence remains undefined. We investigated the potential mechanism for PCAF-mediated cellular senescence. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed PCAF was distinctly increased in the endothelia of aorta in aged mice. Palmitate acid (PA) or X radiation significantly induced the expression of senescence-associated markers and PCAF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PCAF silence in PA-treated HUVECs significantly rescued senescence-associated phenotypes, while PCAF overexpression accelerated it. Additionally, our results showed that Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP) that acts as end effector of the Hippo signaling pathway is crucial in PCAF-mediated endothelial senescence. YAP activity declining was observed in aged vascular endothelia. Overexpression of YAP partially ameliorated PCAF-induced endothelial senescence. In vivo, endothelial-(EC-) specific PCAF downregulation in aged mice using adeno-associated virus revealed less vascular senescence-associated phenotypes. These results suggested that PCAF mediated endothelial senescence through the Hippo signaling pathway, implying that PCAF may become a potential target for the prevention and treatment of vascular aging.
Implementation of an IoT-Based Solar-Powered Smart Lawn Mower
Authors: Tahir Tayyab , Khalid Adnan , Arshad Jehangir , Haider Aun , Rasheed Iftikhar , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Hussen Seada
Published: October 2022

Rapid growth in technology has created opportunities to design and develop high-end applications and tools. Conventional mowers in practice are mostly fuel-powered and require personnel assistance for operation. This work develops a smart lawn mower powered by a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and controlled by an Internet of Things- (IoT-) based technique. The designed lawn mower comprises one brushless direct current (BLDC) motor, four gear motors, sensors, an Arduino-based charge controller, and a Raspberry Pi-powered renewable energy source making it a sustainable device. A lawn mower is operated and controlled through an Android application. Raspberry Pi is used as an edge computing device for transmitting data through the Internet and for communication with Android applications. Arduino UNO is used for energy management and motor control operation. The main novelty of this research is IOT-based motion control feature which provides the user the provision to operate the mower remotely. Results of the designed model depict an average of 89.5% electrical efficiency of the system based on varying weather conditions. Application of the designed model is golf clubs, playgrounds, and lawns eliminating operator costs, saving energy, reducing noise pollution, and achieving environmental sustainability goals.
An Internet of Things-Based Empirical Study on the Coordination between Rural Economic Development and Ecological Environment Conflict for Luoyang
Authors: Yan Wei
Published: October 2022

At present, key elements of the Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming increasingly affordable, making the technology incredibly attractive to many countries, particularly China. Collecting data from multiple IoT resources and combining them with data from other sources lead to significant rural economic development, ecological environment, and ecological and environmental ramifications in these nations. The most visible effects of the IoT in these nations include advances in rural economic growth, environmental conflict, and the efficiency of critical sectors. Furthermore, the IoT has the potential to revolutionize the industrial and commercial sectors, notably in terms of data confidentiality and information security. It is required to conduct an empirical study on the coordinated interaction between rural economic growth and ecological environmental conflict in Luoyang using an IoT environment. Because the IoT plays a key role in economic growth and the ecological environment, this study examines the coordination of rural economic development and ecological environment conflict in Luoyang’s IoT environment. To analyze the original data for the establishment of index weight, it first employs the enhanced entropy approach by building the coordinated assessment index scheme of rural financial development and environmental surroundings conflict in the IoT environment of Luoyang. Second, it calculates the benefits of rural financial growth and the environmental surroundings benefit index of Luoyang. Then, it carried out the Pearson correlation analysis of the abovementioned calculation results using SPSS software that uses the layered architecture of the IoT, and the degree of conflict and coordination among rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang is judged by referring to relevant standards from 2010 to 2019. The experimental result of this study indicates that the conflict coordination state between rural financial growth and the ecological environment in Luoyang has gradually enhanced. Through this study, local decision makers can give additional consideration to the balance between economic development and the coordination of ecological environmental conflicts, especially those indicators that have a great influence on the coordinated development of the two.
The Association of Waist Circumference with the Prevalence and Survival of Digestive Tract Cancer in US Adults: A Population Study Based on Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Liang Qi , Xu Huanhuan , Gu Shouyong , Liu Lingxiang
Published: October 2022

Aims. This paper aims to investigate the relationship of waist circumference (WC) with digestive tract cancer morbidity and mortality. Methods. Based on the data from a nationally representative US population survey, we summarized the prevalence of digestive tract cancer and all-cause mortality of cancer patients across WC quartiles. Adjusted logistic regression and restricted spline curve were used to analyze WC and the prevalence of digestive tract cancer. Moreover, Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier curve were applied to investigate the association of WC with all-cause mortality. We also attempted to make a model to predict cancer happening. Results. This paper included a total of 34,041 participants, with digestive tract cancer observed in 265 (0.7%) individuals. WC was positively associated with digestive tract cancer morbidity after full adjustment of covariates (OR: 1.72 and 95% CI: 1.41-2.10). Also, individuals in the highest WC group had a higher risk of digestive tract cancer (Q4, OR: 2.71 and 95% CI: 1.48-5.00). Moreover, no significant association was observed in upper digestive cancer, and WC was associated with a longer survival time once diagnosed (hazard ratio (HR): 0.50 and 95% CI: 0.28-0.92). Finally, the model we made proved to be effective. Conclusion. High WC is a risk factor for digestive tract cancer with or without adjusting for body mass index, especially those located in the lower digestive tract. However, once digestive tract cancer has been diagnosed, patients with higher WC showed better survival outcomes. Moreover, machine learning methods can be used to predict digestive tract cancer risk in the future.
Understanding the User-Generated Geographic Information by Utilizing Big Data Analytics for Health Care
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Hameed Alaa Ali , Rizvi Sanam Shahla , Jamil Akhtar , Kwon Se Jin
Published: October 2022

There are two main ways to achieve an active lifestyle, the first is to make an effort to exercise and second is to have the activity as part of your daily routine. The study’s major purpose is to examine the influence of various kinds of physical engagements on density dispersion of participants in Shanghai, China, and even prototype check-in data from a Location-Based Social Network (LBSN) utilizing a mix of spatial, temporal, and visualization methodologies. This paper evaluates Weibo used for big data evaluation and its dependability in some types rather than physically collected proofs by investigating the relationship between time, class, place, frequency, and place of check-in built on geographic features and related consequences. Kernel density estimation has been used for geographical assessment. Physical activities and frequency allocation are formed as a result of hour-to-day consumption habits. Our observations are based on customer check-in activities in physical venues such as gyms, parks, and playing fields, the prevalence of check-ins, peak times for visiting fun parks, and gender disparities, and we applied relative difference formulation to reveal the gender difference in a much better way. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of physical activity and health-related standard of living on well-being in a selection of Shanghai inhabitants.
MENA Energy Trends, Global Energy Warming, and COVID-19 Crisis:  An Investigation Analysis from Oil, Gas, Regional Economy, and Labor Productivity
Authors: Asiri Mohammed Abdulrahman Y. , Liu Cheng , Liu Xiangdong
Published: October 2022

With the complex presence of important natural reserves, energy is considered as the main key ingredient to facilitate economic development in the Middle East, GCC, and Maghreb regions. Expectations for a rapidly growing economy in the next decade will likely cause an increase in the fraction of energy consumed domestically, limiting what is available for export. Considered as the home of global oil and gas reserves, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the cornerstone of the global energy architecture, and the global low-carbon energy transition poses critical questions to MENA oil and gas producers. Unfortunately, as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic sweeps across the world, growth in the MENA region was projected to fall to 2.8% in 2020, lower than the growth rates during the 2008 global financial crisis and the 2015 oil price shock. Before the coronavirus (COVID-2019), the sharp drop in oil and gas prices that began in 2015 fostered MENA hydrocarbon producers to launch ambitious economic reform programs in all regions. The main goal of these programs was not only to increase the diversification of investment sectors to boost national and regional economies but also to encourage the development of the nonhydrocarbon sector. This article argues for a new challenge investigation and analysis to figure out with current MENA policy options and future prospects, as well as the present impact of COVID-19, in addition to the public policies that encourage diversification economy sector to avoid entire dependence on oil and gas in export are dressed. It also deals with the investigation of the pressing need to create job opportunities for a large and youthful population and the new definition of the possibility of the world moving more aggressively towards low-carbon integration.
Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of GuaLouQuMaiWan in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Active Small Molecular Compound
Authors: Feng Jiahao , Zhou Yuheng , Liao Li , Yu Liping , Yuan Ping , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2022

The main pathophysiological abnormalities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) include pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Due to hyperglycemia, patients receive long-term treatment. However, side effects and drug tolerance usually lead to treatment failure. GuaLouQuMaiWan (GLQMW), a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has positive effects on controlling blood sugar and improving quality of life, but the mechanism is still unclear. To decipher their molecular mechanisms, we used a novel computational systems pharmacology-based approach consisting of bioinformatics analysis, network pharmacology, and drug similarity comparison. We divided the participants into nondisease (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes groups according to the WHO’s recommendations for diabetes. By analyzing the gene expression profile of the ND-IGT-T2D (ND to IGT to T2D) process, we found that the function of downregulated genes in the whole process was mainly related to insulin secretion, while the upregulated genes were related to inflammation. Furthermore, other genes in the ND-IGT (ND to IGT) process are mainly related to inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders. We speculate that 17 genes with a consistent trend may play a key role in the process of ND-IGT-T2D. We further performed target prediction for 50 compounds in GLQMW that met the screening criteria and intersected the differentially expressed genes of the T2D process with the compounds of GLQMW; a total of 18 proteins proved potential targets for GLQMW. Among these, RBP4 is considerably related to insulin resistance. GO/KEGG enrichment analyses of the target genes of GLQMW showed enrichment in inflammation- and T2D therapy-related pathways. Based on the RDKit tool and the DrugBank database, we speculate that (-)-taxifolin, dialoside A_qt, spinasterol, isofucosterol, and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid can be used as potential drugs for T2D via molecular docking and drug similarity comparison.
Prerelease Consumer Buzz: Current State of Research and Future Research Ideas
Authors: Meng Qinggang , He Yuyang
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, merchants’ marketing strategies have broken time and distance barriers, allowing consumers to interact with advertisements, and merchants can gather a large number of consumers’ feedback at the same time. PRCB is proposed and used because it can engage and create consumers’ interest prior to the release. Different from EWOM, PRCB is usually launched before product release, and such activities can be divided into three types: communication, search, and participation in experience activities. PRCB can accurately predict the development trend of products due to its dynamic nature, which was proven by introducing data on movie box office and movie trailer clicks. In addition, the VSM platform (HSX) is also introduced to show consumers’ expectation and interest in new items by analyzing the evolving trend of the stock market. Finally, this paper discusses the universality of PRCB in different consumer groups and the research direction to further improve its prediction accuracy.