bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AnimeINR: Spatio-Temporal Implicit Neural Representation for Arbitrary-Scale Animation Video Super-Resolution
Authors: Jiang Qin , Wang Qinglin , Chi Lihua , Deng Zhengqiu , Chen Xinhai , Tang Binbing , Lv Shaohe , Deng Jinsheng , Zhou Richard , Liu Jie
Published: July 2024

Existing methods for video super-resolution (VSR) and video frame interpolation (VFI) primarily concentrate on devising a general pipeline suitable for open-domain videos. However, these approaches tend to overlook the inherent distinctions in animation data. Specifically, animation often features lines and smooth areas that lack textures, thereby complicating the estimation of inter-frame motions. Moreover, the exaggerated expressions common in animation introduce non-linear and highly altered motion characteristics, which can significantly limit the performance of existing methods when applied to the animation domain.In this paper, we present the first attempt to tackle the challenge of Implicit Neural Representation for achieving Space-Time Video Super-Resolution (STVSR) at arbitrary spatial and temporal scales within the animation domain. To this end, we propose a novel unified pipeline named AnimeINR, comprising three specialized modules: the Spatial Implicit Neural Representation, which defines a continuous feature domain for decoding arbitrary-scale 2D spatial coordinates into corresponding features; the mask-guided Motion Latent Learning module, which predicts motion flow between adjacent frames to enable accurate feature warping; and the Temporal Implicit Neural Representation module, which applies 3D sampling to extract relative spatial and temporal information and decode them into RGB values. Additionally, we have curated a real-world animation video dataset to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art STVSR methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our AnimeINR framework achieves superior performance in animation STVSR across arbitrary scales.
A graph residual generation network for node classification based on multi-information aggregation
Authors: Liang Zhenhuan , Jia Xiaofen , Han Xiaolei , Zhao Baiting , Feng Zhu
Published: July 2024

The key to improving the performance of graph convolutional networks (GCN) is to fully explore the correlation between neighboring and distant information. Aiming at the over-smoothing problem of GCN, in order to make full use of the relationship among features, graphs and labels, a graph residual generation network based on multi-information aggregation (MIA-GRGN) is proposed. Firstly, aiming at the defects of GCN, we design a deep initial residual graph convolution network (DIRGCN), which connects the initial input through residuals, so that each layer node retains part of the information of the initial features, ensuring the localization of the graph structure and effectively alleviating the problem of over-smoothing. Secondly, we propose a random graph generation method (RGGM) by utilizing graph edge sampling and negative edge sampling, and optimize the supervision loss function of DIRGCN in the form of generation framework. Finally, applying RGGM and DIRGCN as inference modules for modeling hypotheses and obtaining approximate posterior distributions of unknown labels, an optimized loss function is obtained, we construct a multi-information aggregation MIA-GRGN that combines graph structure, node characteristics and label joint distribution. Experiments on benchmark graph classification datasets show that MIA-GRGN achieves better classification results compared with the benchmark models and mainstream models, especially for datasets with less dense edge relationships between nodes.
Structural and functional insights from the sequences and complex domain architecture of adhesin-like proteins from Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae
Authors: Seedorf Henning , Gupta Anjali Bansal
Published: July 2024

Methanogenic archaea, or methanogens, are crucial in guts and rumens, consuming hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and other fermentation products. While the molecular interactions with other microorganisms are not fully understood, genomic sequences provide clues. The first genome sequences of human gut methanogens, Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii, revealed genes encoding adhesin-like proteins (ALPs). These proteins were also found in other gut and rumen methanogens, but their characteristics and functions remain largely unknown. This study analyses the ALP repertoire of M. stadtmanae and M. smithii, using AI-guided protein structure predictions of unique ALP domains. Both genomes encode more than 40 ALPs each, comprising over 10% of their genomes. ALPs contain repetitive sequences, many unmatched in protein domain databases. We present unique sequence signatures of conserved ABD repeats in ALPs and propose a classification based on domain architecture. Our study offers insights into ALP features and how methanogens may interact with other microorganisms.
Should we match patients and controls for geographic origin in clinical research: environmental and/or genetic factors influence oculomotor behaviors
Authors: Lackmy Angéla , Edragas Régine , Tressières Benoit , Pélonde-Erimée Véronique , Bonnet Cécilia , Rivaud-Péchoux Sophie , Pouget Pierre , Roze Emmanuel , Gaymard Bertrand , Lannuzel Annie
Published: July 2024

Despite the importance of selecting appropriate control groups in clinical research, the impact of ethnical and environmental causes is rarely examined. Here we investigate eye movement performances in populations composed of healthy subjects with two different ethnic origins and living environments, 63 Czechs and 59 Caribbean subjects. Healthy subjects differed in their oculomotor behaviors. Compared to the Czechs, the Caribbean subjects had a slower maximum velocity of visually guided saccades, longer vertical saccade latencies, smaller downward vertical saccade gain, a higher frequency of square wave jerks and longer latencies, and higher error rates in the antisaccade task. Within the Caribbean group, high consumers of Annonaceae food products had shorter visually guided saccade latencies and lower vertical saccade velocities, characteristics observed in patients at early stages of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. In summary, differences in oculomotor behavior between groups of healthy subjects emphasize the need to carefully select control subjects in clinical research. A specific pattern of oculomotor behavior was observed in some of our Caribbean subjects that could correspond to a presymptomatic stage of atypical Parkinsonism induced by toxic environmental factors. Finally, this study emphasizes the critical role of selecting appropriate control groups in clinical research and questions the impact of ethnical and environmental factors.
Establishing a telemedical supported trans-sectoral collaboration network from community support to emergency care for outpatient care recipients: study protocol, Stay@Home – Treat@Home
Authors: Müller Doreen , Jachan Deborah Elisabeth , Stahl Maria , Rosenbusch Marie-Luise , Liersch-Mazan Daniela , Lippert Peggi , Hinricher Niels , Group STH Research , Schulz Mandy , Lahmann Nils
Published: July 2024

Background
Demographic changes in Germany are increasing the number of outpatient care recipients, who often resort to emergency care due to difficulties accessing timely outpatient medical care. Previous studies suggest that early detection and telemedical interventions could reduce unnecessary hospitalizations. The new form of healthcare aims to provide continuous, flexible healthcare for outpatient care recipients using digital technologies to detect health deteriorations and facilitate interventions at home. The goal of our study is to evaluate, whether the number of emergency situations and hospital stays will be reduced, and health outcomes will be improved compared to standard care.
Methods
In this prospective non-randomized complex intervention study with a pragmatic approach, we aim to evaluate a new form of healthcare focused on establishing an interdisciplinary network for outpatient care in the homes of care-dependent individuals. Utilizing a digital interactive health diary, health data will be gathered from participants, caregivers, and healthcare providers, covering both stable primary care and acute situations. A telemedical network will coordinate measures, including non-medical aid, nursing care, and medical assistance. A total of 1,500 participants will be recruited for the intervention group, matched with a control group from health insurance data. The study was planned to span eight quarters, with data collected from the digital interactive health diary and health insurance records. Evaluation perspectives include health insurance, patients, and healthcare providers, assessing utilization and costs compared to standard care, health status, health-related quality of life, care dependency, interdisciplinary cooperation, and usability of the new technology.
Discussion
Demographic change results in a larger elderly population, exacerbating mobility issues and care dependency, worsened by the shortage of medical personnel. Stay@Home – Treat@Home aims to enable home health monitoring and care, reducing hospitalizations. The digital interactive health diary supports direct communication, allows remote monitoring, and empowers patients and caregivers to manage health changes. Nursing aid personnel and physicians can access entries for informed interventions. The development of the digital interactive health diary aims to improve the situation of care-dependent individuals. Evaluating its effectiveness and efficiency is crucial for the development and implementation of new technologies.
Trial registration:
German Clinical Trials Register, ID: DRKS00034260, registered on May 14, 2024 (retrospectively registered).
Multiple Pathogen Infections accompanied with Ocular Pathologies in a Patient with High-Titer Anti-IFN-γ Autoantibodies: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Siyao , Liang Siqiao , Liang Hanlin , Ning Yan , Li Xia , He Zhiyi
Published: July 2024

The typical clinical characteristic of patients with anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) is primarily associated with infection caused by intracellular pathogens. With continued research, additional clinical characteristics had been gradually uncovered. Here, we present a case of multiple pathogen infections accompanied by ocular pathologies in a patient with high titers of AIGAs. The patient, a 53-year-old female patient, was admitted to our hospital after finding a mass in the right supraclavicular fossa. She was successively diagnosed with T. marneffei, A.flavus and NTM infections and she received a complete course of antifungal agents for nearly 3.5 years and anti-NTM treatment for nearly 3 years, with discontinuation upon symptom improvement. However, there was a rapid recurrence of the infection upon cessation of the drug despite improvement in the patient's symptoms. What’s more, when the recurrent infection stabilized, the patient exhibited uveitis and conjunctival fibrosis mediated by anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies, which was successfully treated with immunosuppressants. Patients with high-titer AIGAs are more prone to experiencing recurrence and/or persistent infection, as well as immune disorders.
CT-based Potential Predictor for CKD-free Survival after Partial Nephrectomy in Patients with Small RCC
Authors: Ahn Seong Min , Jung Dae Chul , Moon Min Hoan , Lee Jung Wook , Han Kyunghwa , Kwon Yonghan
Published: July 2024

Background
To determine whether postoperative renal parenchymal volume from first post-operative computed tomography (CT) is a significant prognostic factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the long-term follow up after partial nephrectomy (PN).
Methods
This retrospective study included 319 patients who underwent PN for T1 localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) between September 2006 and December 2020. Kidney volume data of first postoperative CT and preoperative CT was made with a three-dimensional rendering software. Time-dependent cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to find important risk factors that indicate the development of new-onset CKD following PN, adding kidney volume data to various clinical parameters.
Results
Of the 319 patients who underwent PN for T1 localized RCC, a total of 13 patients (4.0%) had new-onset CKD at last follow up and developed it at a median follow up of 46 months. Univariable analyses of the Cox proportional hazards model showed that age, hypertension, preoperative/postoperative eGFR, and total kidney volume/kilogram body weight were potential risk factors associated with new-onset CKD development. In multivariable cox proportional models, the likelihood-ratio test confirmed that overall performance of models was improved by including total kidney volume (p = 0.008).
Conclusions
Renal parenchymal volume of first postoperative CT was a significant risk factor of CKD development on long-term follow up in patients with T1 RCC after PN. Therefore, first postoperative imaging studies will be able to help predict CKD development, as well as to assess the success of the surgery and to monitor recurrence or complications.
Predictive Factors for the Coexistence of Colorectal Lateral Spreading Tumors and Colorectal Polyps, and Risk Factors for Malignant Transformation
Authors: Yuan Qingwen , Zhang Zhimei , Zhang Yanqi , Zhang Shuxian , Zuo Chenyan , Zhang Huahui , Song Jiafu , Liang Xuyang
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Lateral spreading tumors (LSTs) and colorectal polyps are both considered precursors to colorectal cancer and often coexist. This study aimed to identify independent predictive factors for the coexistence of LSTs with colorectal polyps and the independent risk factors for malignancy in LSTs with colorectal polyps.
Methods
This retrospective study included 229 patients diagnosed with LSTs via colonoscopy at Lianyungang First People's Hospital from January 2020 to March 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of colorectal polyps: polyp group (n = 139) and non-polyp group (n = 90). Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the two groups, and binary logistic regression was used to identify predictive factors for coexistence. The polyp group was further subdivided into malignant group (n = 62) and non-malignant group (n = 77) based on the degree of dysplasia. Binary logistic regression was also used to analyze the risk factors for malignant transformation of LSTs with colorectal polyps.
Results
Male gender (OR = 0.330, 95% CI: 0.186 - 0.586, P < 0.001) and age between 50 - 75 years (OR = 4.293, 95% CI: 1.060 - 17.376, P = 0.041) were identified as predictive factors for the coexistence of colorectal polyps with LSTs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the predictive model was 0.703 (95% CI: 0.633 - 0.773; P < 0.001). LST diameter ≥ 2 cm (OR = 4.574, 95% CI: 1.754 - 11.933, P = 0.002), LST-G-H subtype (OR = 8.761, 95 % CI: 2.788 - 27.530, P < 0.001), and LST-G-M subtype (OR = 0.182, 95%CI: 0.039 - 0.845, P = 0.030) were identified as risk factors for malignant transformation of LSTs with colorectal polyps. The AUC for this predictive model was 0.873 (95% CI: 0.814 - 0.931, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Men aged 50 - 75 with LSTs are more likely to have coexisting colorectal polyps. Larger LST diameter and mixed nodular subtype increase the risk of malignant transformation when coexisting with colorectal polyps, whereas homogeneous granular subtype may reduce this risk.
How to search for and reveal a hidden intermediate? The ELF topological description of non- synchronicity in double proton transfer reactions under oriented external electric field
Authors: Labet Vanessa , Geoffroy-Neveux Antoine , Alikhani Mohammad Esmaïl
Published: July 2024

· Context:
The nature of double intermolecular proton transfer was studied with the ELF topological approach in two model dimers (the formic acid homodimer and the 1,2,3-triazole–guanidine heterodimer) under an oriented external electric field. It has been shown that each of the two dimers can have either a one-step (one transition state structure) or two-step (two transition state structures) reaction path, depending on the intensity and orientation of the external electric field. The presence of a singularly broad shoulder (plateau in the case of homodimer, and plateau-like for heterodimer) around the formal transition state structure results from the strong asynchronicity of the reaction. A careful ELF topological analysis of the nature of protons, hydride (localized) or roaming (delocalized) proton, along the reaction path allowed us to unambiguously classify the one-step mechanisms governing the double-proton transfer reactions into three distinct classes: 1) concerted-synchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) completely overlap, 2) concerted-asynchronous, when two events (roaming proton regions) partially overlap, 3) two-stage one-step non-concerted, when two roaming proton regions are separated by a “hidden intermediate region”. All the structures belonging to this separatrix region are of the zwitterion form.
· Methods:
Geometry optimization of the stationary points on the potential energy surface was performed using density functional theory –wB97XD functional– in combination with the 6-311++G(2d, 2p) basis set for all the atoms. All first-principles calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 quantum chemical packages.
We also used the electron localization function (ELF) to reveal the nature of the proton along the reaction path: a bound proton (hydride) becomes a roaming proton (carrying a tiny negative charge ≈ 0.3 e) exchanging with two adjacent atoms via two attractors (topological critical points with (3, -3) signature). The ELF analyses were performed using the TopMod package.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiency
Authors: Elmoursi Ahmed , Zhou Baijun , Ong Mei-Sing , Hong Joseph S. , Pak Andrew , Tandon Megha , Sutherland Natalia , DiGiacomo Daniel V. , Farmer Jocelyn R. , Barmettler Sara
Published: July 2024

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures individual well-being across physical, psychological, and social domains. Patients with predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) are at risk for morbidity and mortality, however, the effect of these complications on HRQoL requires additional study. Patients with PAD were asked to voluntarily complete the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) HRQoL-14 Healthy Days Measure questionnaire. These results were compared to data from the CDC-initiated Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional questionnaire including questions from CDC-HRQOL-14. Statistical analyses included two-proportion Z-test, t-tests, and analysis of variance. 83 patients with PAD completed the survey. Patients were sub-stratified into mild (23.7%), moderate (35.5%), severe (40.8%), and secondary (8.4%) PAD. "Fair or poor" health status was reported in 52.6% of PAD patients. Mental health challenges ≥ 14 days/month occurred in 25% of patients. Physical health issues ≥ 14 days/month was reported in 44.7% of patients. Activity limitations were noted by 80.3% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences by PAD severity. Patients with autoinflammatory disease co-morbidities reported more mental health challenges compared to those without (78% vs. 54.3%, p = 0.02). Compared to the CDC-BRFSS data, significantly more patients with PAD reported "fair or poor" health status (53% vs 12.0%; p < 0.0001), mental health challenges (24.1% vs 14.7%; p = 0.02), and poor physical health (44.6% vs 8.0%; p < 0.0001). Patients with PAD had significantly reduced HRQoL compared to CDC-BRFSS respondents from a similar geographical region. Decreased HRQoL was prevalent across all PAD severity levels. Additional research is needed to improve HRQoL for patients with PAD.
Genome-wide association analysis of treatment resistant schizophrenia for variant discovery and polygenic assessment
Authors: Lenk Hasan Çağın , Koch Elise , O’Connell Kevin S. , Smith Robert Løvsletten , Akkouh Ibrahim A. , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Molden Espen
Published: July 2024

Background
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is broadly defined as inadequate response to adequate treatment and is associated with a substantial increase in disease burden. Clozapine is the only approved treatment for TRS, showing superior clinical effect on overall symptomatology compared to other drugs, and is the prototype of atypical antipsychotics. Risperidone, another atypical antipsychotic with a more distinctive dopamine 2 antagonism, is commonly used in treatment of schizophrenia. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on patients treated with clozapine (TRS) vs. risperidone (non-TRS) and investigated whether single variants and/or polygenic risk score for schizophrenia are associated with TRS status. We hypothesized that patients who are treated with clozapine and risperidone might exhibit distinct neurobiological phenotypes that match pharmacological profiles of these drugs and can be explained by genetic differences. The study population (n = 1286) was recruited from a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service between 2005 and 2022. History of a detectable serum concentration of clozapine and risperidone defined the TRS (n = 478) and non-TRS (n = 808) group, respectively.
Results
We identified a suggestive association between TRS and a common variant within the LINC00523 gene with a significance just below the genome-wide threshold (rs79229764 C > T, OR = 4.89; p = 1.8×10− 7). Polygenic risk score for schizophrenia was significantly associated with TRS (OR = 1.4, p = 2.1×10− 6). In a large post-mortem brain sample from schizophrenia donors (n = 214; CommonMind Consortium), gene expression analysis indicated that the rs79229764 variant allele might be involved in the regulation of GPR88 and PUDP, which plays a role in striatal neurotransmission and intellectual disability, respectively.
Conclusions
We report a suggestive genetic association at the rs79229764 locus with TRS and show that genetic liability for schizophrenia is positively associated with TRS. These results suggest a candidate locus for future follow-up studies to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of TRS. Our findings further demonstrate the value of both single variant and polygenic association analyses for TRS prediction.
Hempcrete housing as a sustainable restoration solution at Novo Mesto, Slovenia: Building towards carbon neutrality performances
Authors: Mani Shivakumar , Zorec Primoz
Published: July 2024

Hempcrete is especially attractive to the self-builders and the community groups, because of the relatively low-tech nature of the construction method. It’s now a greater need for the scientific research towards this bio-composite material on its thermal, hygric and carbon sequestration performances. This commercial case study reports the restoration of 80 years old traditional timber structure by hempcrete technology in two phases: 1. Characterization of raw materials adopted for restoration, secondly life cycle analysis performed on the hempcrete and its costing compared with conventional construction. The Slovenian National Building & Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG) reported on the characterization results with the standard U value of 0.085 W/m2K and 0.25 MPa as mechanical strength for the volume hemp lime mix of 260-80Kg/m3. European KIC Climate performed LCA through SIMAPRO software for hemp lime “cradle to door” results revealed the energy consumption, resource cost comparison and carbon neutrality with respect to the conventional methods. Use of Hemp lime predicted the lowest GHG emissions and also to reuse and restore the structure with minimal environmental impacts.
Perceptions of Women regarding the Quality of Family Planning Services for Low-Income Urban Areas of Karachi
Authors: Ahsan Nazia , Saleem Sarah , Abrejo Farina , Memon Zahid
Published: July 2024

Background:
Family planning (FP) is one of the most important family planning services in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively investigate and understand women's perceptions of family planning service quality in the low-income urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan. This study aims to explore the multifaceted dimensions of FP service quality, including individual experiences, attitudes, and beliefs, through the lens of the Judith Bruce framework. Data was collected using semi-structured interview guides for focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs).
Methods:
This is an exploratory qualitative study, 4 focus group discussions and 13 interviews were conducted with married women in the age group of 25-45 years, who were either current users or ever-users of modern contraceptives, living in underserved areas of three Union Councils of Malir Town (Saudabad, Khokhrapar and Kala Board), Karachi. Data were thematically analyzed.
Results:
Family planning quality of care was defined by participants as the quality of healthcare provider communication and counseling skills (i.e. information exchange), and the outcomes of contraceptive use among women with satisfaction to pave the way for continued use of family planning methods. The data showed that women have limited autonomy in their choice of methods and inadequate information on side effects were identified as reasons for discontinuation. Participants emphasized the importance of respectful interactions with providers and clear explanations about methods.
Conclusion:
Utilizing Judith Bruce's frameworkusing a qualitative approach provided fundamental insights into perceptions and barriers to the quality of care for family planning. Recognizing which elements are particular to family planning is essential for advancing contraceptive consequences. Specifically, women's autonomy in choice of contraceptive method, and robust healthcare systems can enhance service delivery, strengthen women-provider relationships, and ultimately contribute to improved reproductive health outcomes for individuals and communities. By prevailing the importance of dignified behavior with the community members, enhancing technical skills, and fostering women's satisfaction, healthcare systems can strive towards providing equitable access to high-quality family planning for women.
Risk factors of pain in radiofrequency ablation for varicose veins of the lower extremity
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Yang Qifan , Geng Caijuan , Lin Yao , Xie Caiyun , Zhang Junyu , Zeng Wei , Qu Qiang , He Chunshui
Published: July 2024

Objective
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the recommended first line intervention for varicose veins of the lower extremity. While the infiltration of perivenous tumescent local anaesthesia (TLA) is key to procedural success, it is paradoxically the predominant source of patient reported discomfort.this study focused on patients who experience pain during the TLA process in RFA surgery, analyzed the risk factors that leading to the pain.
Methods
This study is a single-center prospective observational study, During the period from April 2023 to September 2023, a total of 155 patients underwent RFA of great saphenous vein(GSV)/small saphenous vein(SSV). Clinical basic data of the patients were collected. All patients were assessed for Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathological (CEAP) classification and GSV/SV diameter was recorded using ultrasound measurements. The surgical procedure involved RFA of the GSV/SSV trunk, recording patients' visual analog scale (VAS) score at four time points during RFA (local anesthesia, injection of tumescent solution, RFA working, end of RFA).
Results
A total of 155 patients were included in the study, with median pain scores of 5 (4, 6) at the time of local anesthesia and injection of tumescent solution, Over 80% of patients had mild to moderate pain.Most of patients had no pain when RFA working and the end of RFA .Male patients experienced higher levels of pain than female patients during TLA (P < 0.01); lower operating room temperature during TLA was associated with higher pain levels (P < 0.01); there was no significant correlation between female childbirth history, BMI, CEAP classification and puncture site (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Most patients can tolerate the pain during TLA, with a few patients experiencing severe pain but still able to endure until the RFA is completed. At the end of RFA most patients feel no pain, while a very small number of patients have mild pain. The pain during RFA procedures is related to gender and operating room temperature; it is not related to female childbirth history, CEAP classification, BMI and puncture site.
Measuring Wood Density of Different Tree Species Using the Micro-drilling Resistance Method
Authors: Yao Jianfeng , Yuan Heng , Lu Jun
Published: July 2024

This study utilized a micro-drill resistance method to measure wood density and developed a comprehensive model and a grouping model to assess their applicability and reliability across different tree species. Results showed that the comprehensive model effectively captured overall data trends but exhibited lower stability compared to the grouping model. While advantageous for its wide applicability across multiple tree species without requiring individual species models, the comprehensive model yielded a large standard deviation, indicating variability in performance. Conversely, the grouping model demonstrated superior stability but slightly lower estimation accuracy, suggesting that separate models can better depict the relationship between wood density and drilling resistance for specific species. Additionally, the study found a relatively small impact of drilling needle usage and wood moisture content on drilling resistance, though further verification is needed. Future research should focus on expanding sample sizes, particularly for underrepresented species, to enhance model robustness and stability. Incorporating factors like tree age and environmental variables could further improve model accuracy and explanatory power. This study provides a scientific basis for measuring wood density using micro-drill resistance and explores the challenges of cross-species density estimation. Continued research and technological advancements promise to make this method increasingly important for wood density measurement.
An Adaptive Hybrid Differential Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm for WSN coverage.
Authors: Yuan Yuting , Gao Yuelin
Published: July 2024

To address the issues of large blind spots and uneven distribution in traditional Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) node deployment, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Differential Grey Wolf Optimization (AHDGWO) algorithm for solving the WSN coverage problem in 2D area. Firstly, an adaptive exponential convergence factor is designed, allowing each individual to adjust global exploration and local exploitation adaptively. Secondly, by integrating the concept of differential mutation, an hourglass-shaped random search area is established. This not only prevents blind search but also bolsters the algorithm’s global exploration capabilities. The AHDGWO algorithm’s performance is compared against the standard GWO, its advanced variants and several recent advanced evolutionary algorithms, using the CEC2022 test suite. The results demonstrate that the AHDGWO algorithm achieves better accuracy and convergence speed. Finally, the performance of AHDGWO is evaluated in 2D WSN scenario through simulations. The experimental results show that the coverage rate optimized by the AHDGWO algorithm surpasses that of the other seven comparison algorithms, indicating its practicality and scalability for WSN coverage problems.
Distinct horizontal gene transfer potential of extracellular vesicles versus viral-like particles in marine habitats
Authors: Biller Steven , Ryan M. , Li Jasmine , Burger Andrew , Eppley John , Hackl Thomas , DeLong Edward
Published: July 2024

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is enabled in part through the movement of DNA within two broad groups of small (<0.2 µm), diffusible nanoparticles: extracellular vesicles (EVs) and virus-like particles (VLPs; including viruses, gene transfer agents, and phage satellites). These structures enclose a substantial portion of the HGT potential in planktonic ecosystems, but whether genes move preferentially through one type of nanoparticle versus another is unknown. Here we show that EVs and VLPs from the oligotrophic ocean differ in their DNA capacity and encoded functions. Both particle types are enriched in mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and we highlight how this property enables novel MGE discovery. Examining the Pelagibactermobilome reveals >7200 diverse chromosomal fragments and MGEs, many differentially partitioned between EVs and VLPs. Together these results suggest that distinctions in nanoparticle contents contribute to the mode and trajectory of microbial HGT networks and evolutionary dynamics in natural habitats.
Evaluation of nutritional and environmental factors for biosurfactant production by soil bacteria
Authors: Singh Soni Kumari , Sachan Ashish
Published: July 2024

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules produced by microbes as secondary metabolites, reduce the surface tension between two immiscible phases of liquids or gases and could replace chemically synthesized surfactants in food industries, agrochemical industries, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, oil recovery and petroleum industries. Biosurfactant production could be altered by providing microbes suitable environments. Thus the current research work evaluated the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources and influence of pH on biosurfactant production of bacteria isolated from soil sludge prepared by seeding the soil with different hydrocarbons (petrol, diesel and mustard oil).Isolates showing maximum emulsification activity in emulsification assay (≥ 40%) were selected for further optimization of process parameters to enhance the production of biosurfactant. Isolates were screened for biosurfactant production with different carbon sources, nitrogen sources and at different pH. At alkaline pH (pH 9) all the isolates shows maximum emulsification activity up to 92% by PS1. Optimized condition for maximum biosurfactant production by PS1 is Glycerol 2% as carbon source and yeast extract as nitrogen sources at pH 9.DS2 shows maximum biosurfactant production with olive oil and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively at pH 9.The optimized media constituents concluded for MS4 is Glycerol 2% as carbon sources and peptone as nitrogen source at pH 9.Production of biosurfactant could be enhance by optimizing media constituents at industrial scale.Thus, current work contributed important prospects to enhance the production of biosurfactant by Bacillus species.
Temporary versus Permanent Exits during the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Kacker Kanishka , Ahuja Chetna
Published: July 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, firms were eight times more likely to exit temporarily than permanently. Temporary exits were 50% less likely to involve firing permanent workers, implying smaller welfare losses. However, the literature on firm exits has paid little attention to distinguishing between temporary and permanent exits. By leveraging the pandemic as an unforeseen shock in a panel involving 11000 firms across 39 countries, we find increased reliance on supplier-specific inputs raises the probability of temporary, but not permanent, exit by 45%. We argue labour supply drops temporarily in response to the pandemic, lowering profit margins and forcing exit. Temporary exits avoid losses from supplier-specific inputs, which permanent exits or continued operation necessarily incur, emerging as a dominant strategy for firms reliant on such inputs. Consistent with this argument, further analysis reveals input shortages - not demand drops - and occupations prone to infection in the absence of vaccines to be primary drivers.
JEL Codes: D22, D23, L60, L16
Calculation of Inductance Parameters of Wound Brushless Doubly-fed Motor
Authors: lv pin , liu lulu , su xunwen , lin peng , ma haotian , xu donghui , liu ziyang
Published: July 2024

In response to the problem of incomplete calculation methods for inductance parameters of wound brushless doubly fed motors, this paper starts with the internal magnetic field of the motor and the spatial distribution of the magnetic electromotive force of a single coil, derives the amplitude of the fundamental magnetic electromotive force of the brushless doubly fed motor, and then obtains the inductance calculation formula of the stator winding. This paper first introduces a multi span wound rotor structure, and then analyzes and calculates the main inductance of the stator winding. The calculation formula for the stator leakage inductance of a brushless doubly fed motor is mainly derived, including stator end leakage inductance, stator slot leakage inductance, and stator harmonic leakage inductance. Finally, based on the calculation of the main inductance and leakage inductance parameters of a multi span wound rotor brushless doubly fed motor with a capacity of 700kVA and an efficiency of 96%, the accuracy of the method was verified by comparing it with the results calculated by the analytical method. The results show that the analytical method and finite element method derived in this paper have relative errors within 5% when calculating the main inductance, end leakage inductance, slot leakage inductance, and harmonic leakage inductance, and have good consistency. In addition, it was found that slot leakage inductance accounts for 70.41% and 61.54% of the main components of both power winding and control winding leakage inductance, respectively.
Klinische Relevanz MRT-fähiger Tiefer Hirnstimulations-Systeme
Authors:   , Lemmer-Etzrodt Janina
Published: July 2024

Bei THS handelt sich um einen operativen Eingriff der Neurochirurgie, bei dem Impulse in tiefere Hirnstrukturen appliziert werden, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Die THS stellt eine etablierte Behandlungsoption bei Bewegungsstörungen von Morbus Parkinson, essentiellem Tremor und Dystonie dar. Zugleich besteht ein zunehmendes Interesse an weiteren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für neurologische und psychiatrische Erkrankungen. Insoweit wird von einem weiterwachsenden Therapieverfahren in der Neurochirurgie auszugehen sein. Die bislang implantierten THS-Systeme sind nicht bzw. nur eingeschränkt MRT-fähig. Aufgrund der in den letzten Jahren zu beobachtenden steigenden Anzahl an Bildgebungen, insbesondere bei MRT-Untersuchungen, stellt sich hier die Frage nach dem Umgang mit einem bildgebenden Verfahren und der Notwendigkeit MRT-fähiger THS-Systeme für das Patientenkollektiv. Hierzu wurde in der vorliegenden Dissertation analysiert, wie viele der mit THS versorgten Patienten überhaupt ein MRT - nach erfolgreicher Implantation - benötigt haben und zu welchen Konsequenzen dies gegebenenfalls geführt hat. Die in diesem Zusammenhang retrospektiv gesammelten Patientendaten stammen sowohl aus dem digitalen Patientensystem als auch aus telefonischen Interviews mit Patienten, die seit mindestens 12 Monaten ein THS-System implantiert bekommen haben. Es wurde erfasst, bei wem und aus welchem Grund eine CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung stattgefunden hat. Zusätzlich sind diese Daten von einem unabhängigen Neurologen dahingehend beurteilt worden, ob ein MRT anstatt eines CTs sinnvoller gewesen wäre. Bei 28 der 54 hier teilnehmenden Patienten ist mindestens eine Bildgebung im Rahmen einer CT- oder MRT-Untersuchung erfolgt. In 16 Fällen ist dabei bei 14 dieser Patienten die Frage aufgekommen, ob ein MRT durchgeführt werden solle. In diesem Zusammenhang sind letztlich sieben MRT-Untersuchungen an sieben Patienten durchgeführt worden, drei kraniale MRT-Untersuchungen und vier Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen. In sieben Fällen bei sechs Patienten hätte der unabhängige Neurologe zu einer MRT-Untersuchung anstatt der durchgeführten CT-Untersuchung geraten. Von den durchgeführten MRT-Untersuchungen haben alle kranialen sowie zwei Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen zu einer konservativen Therapie geführt. Zu einer operativen Therapie haben zwei der durchgeführten Wirbelsäulen MRT-Untersuchungen geführt. Während der in diesem Patientenkollektiv durchgeführten MRT-Untersuchungen ist es zu keiner kritischen Situationen oder Folgeschäden gekommen. Aus Gründen der Patientensicherheit wird trotzdem empfohlen, soweit möglich, bei Patienten mit einem THS-Implantat eine CT-Untersuchung durchzuführen. Aus den dieser Arbeit zu Grunde liegenden Daten lässt sich konstatieren, dass der Einsatz MRT-fähiger THS-Geräte nicht zwingend geboten ist, dies insbesondere bei jüngeren Patienten jedoch durchaus in Betracht gezogen werden sollte.
Meat cold chain management in Mexican supermarkets
Authors: Arriaga-Lorenzo P. , Maldonado-Simán E. , Ramírez-Valverde R. , Martínez-Hernández P. A. , Tirado-González D. N. , Saavedra-Jiménez L. A.
Published: July 2024

The cold chain represents an important opportunity for the food industry to offer food safety and quality of perishable foodstuffs, mainly by maximizing shelf life through limiting bacterial growth. Especially meat products have a short shelf life due to their cold chain requirements. Refrigeration equipment must always be appropriately calibrated and monitored to provide the right temperature and ensure its correct performance. This study aimed to evaluate the cold chain at the retail link in supermarkets of the major commercial chains in Mexico during 2021 and 2022 by recording the surface temperature of pork, poultry, and beef cuts in open coolers. A general linear model was used for the statistical analysis in a completely randomized design. The study considered several factors, such as supermarket, season of the year, position inside the refrigerator, type of meat and environmental temperature. Cold chain breaks were detected in certain seasons of the year, in supermarkets, and even within the refrigerator; there were differences between positions where products were placed. The persistence of these variations in the cold chain represents a public health risk caused by the consumption of foods because a temperature increase can lead to a rise in the microbial load of meat products. Thus, meat cold chain requires integrated logistics management in order to maintain high quality of foods.
Meat products with beetroot extract reduce DNA damage in mouse intestines
Authors: Lisitsyn A. A. , Zhanataev A. K. , Chernukha I. M.
Published: July 2024

Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is known as the popular vegetable in Russian cuisine, as well as a plant food that protects human health. Beetroot is rich in chemical compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and other health-beneficial properties. Using the DNA-comet method (alkaline version), the effect of dry red beetroot extract was assessed as part of a meat product on spontaneous and induced DNA damage and presence of “abnormal comet” indicators in cells of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and liver of male F1 mice C.B.A. x C57 Bl /6. The obtained results showed that intraperitoneal administering of alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) to the mice at a dose of 40 mg/kg of the animal body weight statistically significantly increased the numerical value of DNA damage (% DNA in the tail) and the number of atypical DNA-comet in the liver, stomach, small and large intestines. Introduction of meat product with added red beetroot extract (20 g/kg of finished product) into the diet of the animals did not provide any significant effect on the scope of DNA damage caused by MMS in liver cells, but it led to a statistically significant decrease of this parameter by 58%, 59% and 48% in cells of the stomach, duodenum and rectum, respectively. The significant decrease of 29–54% in the release of atypical DNA-comet in the cells of all organs studied has been also confirmed, which proves decreasing in the cytotoxic effect of MMC in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Thus, the antigenotoxic and cytoprotective effects of a meat product with addition of dry red beetroot extract have been recorded. This finding is able to have significant practical application, since the complications and issues in the gastrointestinal tract often occur and secondary tumors are induced in its parts during the chemotherapy of cancer located beyond the gastrointestinal tract. This result shows the potential ability of the developed meat product in protecting gastrointestinal tract cells from the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of alkylating anticancer drugs
Economic impact of edible offal rejection at El-Qurein slaughterhouse, Egypt
Authors: Ras R. , Mahmoud A. F. A. , Hafez A. El-S. E. , Ghazaly E. E. I. , Shata R. H. M. , El-tahlawy A. S.
Published: July 2024

The thorough examination of animal carcasses and organs intended for human consumption is crucial for food safety. However, it is not always conducted adequately due to time constraints during the slaughter process. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to identify the key reasons for the rejection of edible offal in slaughtered animals at El-Qurein slaughterhouse in Sharkia province, Egypt, and to evaluate the associated economic losses during the period from August, 2020 till July, 2021. The study examined 1,218 organs (406 livers, 406 lungs, and 406 hearts) from various animals (cattle, buffaloes, camels, sheep and goats), among which 138 organs (78 livers, 38 lungs, and 22 hearts) were rejected, primarily due to lesions caused by Cysticercus ovis, fascioliasis, Cysticercus tenuicollis, pneumonia, and hydatid cysts. The financial loss at the slaughterhouse due to organs rejection over the twelve-month period totaled 1,113,905.24 Egyptian pounds (equivalent to 71,865 USD). The high frequency of meat rejection and resulting financial impact exceeded the region’s local revenue. This study highlights the persistent prevalence of parasitic diseases, resulting in significant detrimental economic repercussions in Sharkia province, Egypt. Furthermore, the present work underscores the necessity for the development of an effective control program addressing the causes of meat rejection in the region.
Biodegradable meat packaging: Microbial safety and control for environmental pollution
Authors: Saeed K. , Ali Z.
Published: July 2024

Plastic fragments from packaging material not only pollute the environment but also contaminate food material, causing detrimental health effects. The ultimate solution to this “white” pollution is biodegradable food packaging material. These films can be produced using proteins, polysaccharide and lipid-based materials and can enhance the shelf life of perishable commodities like meat and meat products by incorporating the natural antioxidant and microbial compound in packaging matrix, like essential oils. Essential oils of the aromatic plants due to their diverse phenolic profile possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, they open new doors of research to develop less hazardous food preservatives and drugs. These films and coatings improve nutritional and sensory attributes of packaged food. These films not only improve food quality but also overcome the burden of environmental pollution.