bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of turbulence occurrences from temperature, pressure, and position measurements under superpressure balloons
Authors: Wilson Richard , Pitois Clara , Podglajen Aurélien , Hertzog Albert , Corcos Milena , Plougonven Riwal
Published: January 2023

Abstract. This article deals with the detection of small-scale turbulence from in situ meteorological measurements performed under
superpressure balloons (SPBs). These balloons allow long-duration flights (several months) at a prerequisite height level. The data set is gathered from the Strateole-2 probationary campaign during which eights SPBs flew in the tropical tropopause layer at altitudes of around 19 and 20.5 km from November 2019 to March 2020. Turbulence is not directly measured by the instrument set onboard the SPBs.
Nonetheless, there is the potential to derive information about the occurrence of turbulence from the temporally well-resolved measurements of pressure, temperature, and position. It constitutes a challenge to extract the aforementioned information from a measurement set that was not designed for quantifying turbulence, and the paper explains the methodology developed to overcome this difficulty. It is observed that SPBs oscillate quasi-periodically around their equilibrium positions. The oscillation periods, which are 220 s on average with a range of 130 to 500 s, are close to but noticeably smaller than the Brunt–Väisälä period (∼300 s). The amplitude of these vertical motions is ∼±15 m, inducing large fluctuations in all quantities,
whether measured (e.g., pressure, temperature and position) or inferred (e.g., density and potential temperature). The relationships between the changes in these quantities and the vertical displacements of the balloons are used to infer properties of the flow in which the SPBs drift. In the case of active turbulence, the vertical stratification as well as the wind shear are likely to be reduced by mixing. Hence, the increments of potential temperature, δθ, and of the vertical displacements of the balloon, δzB, are expected to be uncorrelated because ∂θ/∂z→0. Moreover, the local vertical gradients of measured quantities, temperature (T) and horizontal velocities (u and v),
are estimated from the covariance of the increments of the considered quantity with δzB. The Richardson number of the flow is deduced. Several binary indexes (true or false) to describe the state of the flow,
laminar or turbulent, are evaluated. These turbulence indexes, based either on correlations between δθ and δzB or on estimates of the local Richardson number, are found to be consistent, as they differ in less than 3 % of cases. The flow is observed to be turbulent for about 5 % of the time, with strong inhomogeneities along the longitude.
Multi-method study of the Middle Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequence of Köndringen, SW Germany
Authors: Schwahn Lea , Schulze Tabea , Fülling Alexander , Zeeden Christian , Preusser Frank , Sprafke Tobias
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Loess–palaeosol sequences (LPSs) remain poorly
investigated in the southern part of the Upper Rhine Graben but represent an important element to understand the environmental context controlling
sediment dynamics in the area. A multi-method approach applied to the LPS at Köndringen reveals that its formation occurred during several
glacial–interglacial cycles. Field observations, as well as colour,
grain size, magnetic susceptibility, organic carbon, and carbonate content
measured in three profiles at 5 cm resolution, provide detailed
stratigraphical information. Only minor parts of the LPS are made up of
loess sediment, whereas the major parts are polygenetic palaeosols and
pedosediments of varying development that are partly intersected, testifying to a complex local geomorphic evolution. The geochronological framework is based on 10 cm resolution infrared-stimulated luminescence (IRSL) screening
combined with 18 multi-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL ages. The
luminescence ages indicate that two polygenetic, truncated Luvisols formed
during marine isotope stages (MISs) 9(–7?) and MIS 5e, whereas unaltered
loess units correspond to the last glacial (MISs 5d–2) and MIS 8. The
channel-like structure containing the two truncated Luvisols cuts into
> 2 m thick pedosediments apparently deposited during MIS 12. At
the bottom of the LPS, a horizon with massive carbonate concretions (loess
dolls) occurs, which may correspond to at least one older interglacial.
HiTIC-Monthly: a monthly high spatial resolution (1 km) human thermal index collection over China during 2003–2020
Authors: Zhang Hui , Luo Ming , Zhao Yongquan , Lin Lijie , Ge Erjia , Yang Yuanjian , Ning Guicai , Cong Jing , Zeng Zhaoliang , Gui Ke , Li Jing , Chan Ting On , Li Xiang , Wu Sijia , Wang Peng , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Human-perceived thermal comfort (known as human-perceived temperature)
measures the combined effects of multiple meteorological factors (e.g.,
temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and can be aggravated under the
influences of global warming and local human activities. With the most rapid
urbanization and the largest population, China is being severely threatened
by aggravating human thermal stress. However, the variations of thermal
stress in China at a fine scale have not been fully understood. This gap is
mainly due to the lack of a high-resolution gridded dataset of human thermal
indices. Here, we generated the first high spatial resolution (1 km) dataset
of monthly human thermal index collection (HiTIC-Monthly) over China during
2003–2020. In this collection, 12 commonly used thermal indices were
generated by the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) learning algorithm
from multi-source data, including land surface temperature, topography, land
cover, population density, and impervious surface fraction. Their accuracies
were comprehensively assessed based on the observations at 2419 weather
stations across the mainland of China. The results show that our dataset has
desirable accuracies, with the mean R2, root mean square error, and mean
absolute error of 0.996, 0.693 ∘C, and 0.512 ∘C,
respectively, by averaging the 12 indices. Moreover, the data exhibit high
agreements with the observations across spatial and temporal dimensions,
demonstrating the broad applicability of our dataset. A comparison with two
existing datasets also suggests that our high-resolution dataset can
describe a more explicit spatial distribution of the thermal information,
showing great potentials in fine-scale (e.g., intra-urban) studies. Further
investigation reveals that nearly all thermal indices exhibit increasing
trends in most parts of China during 2003–2020. The increase is especially
significant in North China, Southwest China, the Tibetan Plateau, and parts
of Northwest China, during spring and summer. The HiTIC-Monthly dataset is
publicly available from Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6895533 (Zhang et al., 2022a).
Argo salinity: bias and uncertainty evaluation
Authors: Wong Annie P. S. , Gilson John , Cabanes Cécile
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Argo salinity is a key set of in situ ocean measurements for many
scientific applications. However, use of the raw, unadjusted salinity data
should be done with caution as they may contain bias from various instrument
problems, most significant being from sensor calibration drift in the
conductivity cells. For example, inclusion of biased but unadjusted Argo
salinity has been shown to lead to spurious results in the global sea level
estimates. Argo delayed-mode salinity data are data that have been evaluated
and, if needed, adjusted for sensor drift. These delayed-mode data represent
an improvement over the raw data because of the reduced bias, the detailed
quality control flags, and the provision of uncertainty estimates. Such
improvement may help researchers in scientific applications that are
sensitive to salinity errors. Both the raw data and the delayed-mode data
can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.17882/42182 (Argo, 2022). In this
paper, we first describe the Argo delayed-mode process. The bias in the raw
salinity data is then analyzed by using the adjustments that have been
applied in delayed mode. There was an increase in salty bias in the raw Argo
data beginning around 2015 and peaking during 2017–2018. This salty bias is
expected to decrease in the coming years as the underlying manufacturer
problem has likely been resolved. The best ways to use Argo data to ensure
that the instrument bias is filtered out are then described. Finally, a
validation of the Argo delayed-mode salinity dataset is carried out to
quantify residual errors and regional variations in uncertainty. These
results reinforce the need for continual re-evaluation of this global
dataset.
Comparison of estimated flood exposure and consequences generated by different event-based inland flood inundation maps
Authors: Gutenson Joseph L. , Tavakoly Ahmad A. , Islam Mohammad S. , Wing Oliver E. J. , Lehman William P. , Hamilton Chase O. , Wahl Mark D. , Massey T. Christopher
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The flooding brought about by compound coastal flooding events can be devastating. Before, during, and immediately following these events, flood inundation maps (FIMs) can provide essential information to emergency management. However, there are a number of frameworks capable of estimating
FIMs during flood events. In this article, we evaluate FIMs derived from
three such frameworks in the context of Hurricane Harvey. Our analysis
reveals that each of the three FIM frameworks provides different FIMs that
differ in their level of accuracy. Each of the three FIMs also produces
different exposure and consequence estimates because of their spatial
differences. This investigation highlights the need for a centralized means
of vetting and adjudicating multiple FIMs during compound flood events
empowered by the ability to distribute FIMs as geographic information system (GIS) services and coalesce FIMs into a common operating picture.
Furthermore, we provide evidence that the ability to produce multi-model
estimates of FIMs to create probabilistic FIMs may provide a better product
than the use of a lone FIM.
Inter-comparison and evaluation of Arctic sea ice type products
Authors: Ye Yufang , Luo Yanbing , Sun Yan , Shokr Mohammed , Aaboe Signe , Girard-Ardhuin Fanny , Hui Fengming , Cheng Xiao , Chen Zhuoqi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Arctic sea ice type (SITY) variation is a sensitive
indicator of climate change. However, systematic inter-comparison and
analysis for SITY products are lacking. This study analysed eight daily SITY
products from five retrieval approaches covering the winters of 1999–2019,
including purely radiometer-based (C3S-SITY), scatterometer-based (KNMI-SITY
and IFREMER-SITY) and combined ones (OSISAF-SITY and Zhang-SITY). These SITY
products were inter-compared against a weekly sea ice age product (i.e. NSIDC-SIA – National Snow and Ice Data Center sea ice age) and evaluated with five synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The
average Arctic multiyear ice (MYI) extent difference between the SITY
products and NSIDC-SIA varies from -1.32×106 to 0.49×106 km2. Among them, KNMI-SITY and
Zhang-SITY in the QuikSCAT (QSCAT) period (2002–2009) agree best with NSIDC-SIA and
perform the best, with the smallest bias of -0.001×106 km2 in first-year ice (FYI) extent and
-0.02×106 km2 in MYI
extent. In the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) period (2007–2019), KNMI-SITY tends to
overestimate MYI (especially in early winter), whereas Zhang-SITY and
IFREMER-SITY tend to underestimate MYI. C3S-SITY performs well in some early
winter cases but exhibits large temporal variabilities like OSISAF-SITY.
Factors that could impact performances of the SITY products are analysed and
summarized. (1) The Ku-band scatterometer generally performs better than the C-band
scatterometer for SITY discrimination, while the latter sometimes identifies FYI more accurately, especially when surface scattering
dominates the backscatter signature. (2) A simple combination of scatterometer
and radiometer data is not always beneficial without further rules of
priority. (3) The representativeness of training data and efficiency of
classification are crucial for SITY classification. Spatial and temporal
variation in characteristic training datasets should be well accounted for in the
SITY method. (4) Post-processing corrections play important roles and should
be considered with caution.
Limnological Studies Related to Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water in Anasagar Lake, Ajmer, Rajasthan
Authors: Jain Abhas , Singh S. K.
Published: January 2023

The study deals with the seasonal limnological investigation related to physico-chemical characteristics of water of the Anasagar Lake in Ajmer (Rajasthan). The limnological parameters were tested following standard methods at three sampling sites/stations in the lake. The physico-chemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, free CO2, total alkalinity, conductivity, TSS, TDS, Chloride, Ammonia, Nitrate, Phosphate, etc.) showed distinct temporal or seasonal variation in the lake. Higher nutrient content (nitrate, phosphate) was present in the lake. This finding also signifies eutrophication/higher trophic level. Water transparency, dissolved oxygen, BOD, total alkalinity, conductivity, CaCO3 hardness, TSS, nitrate and phosphate was correlated with various physico-chemical parameters in the lake. The physico-chemical characteristics of water of the lake revealed the poor water quality in Anasagar Lake.
Roles Responsibilities of Management Information System in Hospital Information System (HIS)
Authors: Sharmab Anu , Gupta Namit , Sharma Robin
Published: January 2023

A management information system (MIS) provides information that organizations need to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Hospital Information System (HIS) is vital to decision making and plays a crucial role in the success of the organization. Computerization of the medical records and documentation has resulted in efficient data management and information dissemination for the users. Hospital took to develop a management information system. It is widely accepted that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the healthcare sector offers great potential for improving the quality of services provided, the efficiency and effectiveness of personnel, and also reducing organizational expenses. The use of an efficient information system effectively promotes the managing performance. This paper seeks to examine how MIS support hospital information system (HIS).
Survey on Water Cooling System‟s Failure Analysis for Diesel Electric Locomotives
Authors: Tyagi R. K. , Borah Sukanya
Published: January 2023

Each locomotive has an individual water cooling system, in which water is circulated by a centrifugal water pump gear driven from the engine crank shaft. A diesel engine operates efficiently when the water temperature is between 63 0C to 83 0C. In I.C. Engines, during the process of combustion gas temperature often reaches quite a high value and thus the cylinder walls, cylinder and the piston gets heated. Therefore, the water cooling system is provided to overcome seizure of piston cylinder, loss of power, engine failure, sticking of piston rings excessive wear of cylinder. A temperature of 85 0C for coolant is ideal. Below 70 0C condensation of acids would occur causing corrosion rusting. If the temperature of the cooling water is not controlled it leads to either overheating or overcooling of the engine. The cooling system is provided with safety devices, which guards against high water temperature low water level. When the temperature of water reaches a pre-determined value, an alarm bell starts ringing simultaneously the engine is returned to the idle value. There is also a specific Maintenance procedure of the water cooling system to get the optimum output. In the present study, failure analyses of the past few years (2011-2013) have been studied thoroughly.
Thermo Economic Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Insulations
Authors: Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

Thermo-economic mathematical modeling of thermal insulation has been carried to find out the effect of various parameters such as payback period, rate of interest, heat transfer co-efficient and temperature differences in the cost of insulation, cost of heat losses and the total cost for a cylindrical surfaces and flat surfaces. It was observed that cellular plastic gives better properties of insulation than other materials.
The Economic Study of Life Insurance Policy, Pattern for Small Number of Asian Economics and India
Authors: Kumar Devesh
Published: January 2023

This paper provides comprehensive surveys of the achievements in the investment are of life insurance policies after insurance sector reforms. During the post-1990 period, services sector in most of the Asian economies witnessed growth fuelled by substantial changes in the financial sector of these economies. The insurance industry, in most of the Asian economies, ASEAN and SAARC economies in particular, was publicly owned and remained isolated from participation of either domestic private insurers or foreign insurers or participation of both. But, regulatory reforms and policy changes in the ASEAN economies during the post-financial crisis period and the process of economic liberalization in some of the SAARC countries and China led to phenomenal changes in the growth pattern of the insurance industry in these economies. This study is divided into two parts: the first part is focused on four SAARC countries, two countries from Greater China Region and six ASEAN countries for the 11year period (1994-2004) to understand economic and other socio-political variables, which may play a significant role in explaining the life insurance consumption pattern in these economies. Secondly, an independent exercise is undertaken to re-assess whether or not the variables best explaining life insurance consumption pattern for twelve selected Asian economies in the panel are significant for India for the period 1965 to 2004.
Communication- Everyone's Panacea for Everything
Authors: Anand Neha
Published: January 2023

Communication is part and parcel of life. It is fundamental to all relationships. According to John A. piece “Communication is not only the essence of being human, but also a vital property of life.” As communication is the back bone of each and every field, the same applies with engineering as well. Communication skills come as an integral part in engineers‟ grooming and effectively lead to a prosperous growth in future. According to a report of a survey, it came into light that more than 50% of engineering projects come to meet the failure just because of inability of manager to convey his message to the team due to various communication barriers. This paper seeks to elaborate the importance of communication and discuss practical tips and ideas to help the students to improve themselves as a good communicator. As we all know “Where there is a will there is a way.”With their utmost efforts students can master the communication skills.
The Expression of the Human Predicament in the Poetry of Robert Frost
Authors: Shukla Sonal
Published: January 2023

The poetry of Robert Frost obliquely tells us about the human predicament. It tells us about human being in the grip of alienation, despair and disillusionment. Robert Frost got the best honors from his own people but these honors could not change his outlook which had already been formed. Frost went to the extent of sayings: Every poem is an epitome of the great predicament, a figure of the will braving alien entanglements. (1)
The fact is that there is little scope for happiness on this earth and if we go by what Lord Gautam Buddha said, there is no chance of being happy in this world where we live in the custody of our needs and desires. Aldous Huxley who was probably the greatest intellectual among the English novelists, has also written about the human predicament. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and many other have very laboriously written about the human predicament. Robert Frost was the great American poet who had a very intimate knowledge of human life and this knowledge of human life made him sufficiently acquainted with the human predicament. This is why; his poetry is a veritable account of this predicament.
A Delphi Study of the Vehicular Emissions Control Strategies for the Capital City Delhi
Authors: Pal Amit
Published: January 2023

In present work a Delphi study was commissioned to obtain the feedback and suggestions of the experts, having technical backgrounds, such as industrial, scientific, transport administration, engineering academics and engineering studies. The questionnaire was designed including a wide spectrum of different modes of transportation, beginning with bicycles and cycle rickshaws, encompassing all the prevalent modes of automobiles being used and including up to electric and solar powered vehicles. The collected data was analysed using the MATLAB software and the results have been used to estimate and then propose future emission modification factors. It is found that a large majority of experts were in favour of improving and subsidizing the public transportation system, enhancing the traffic management and accelerating the infra-structure projects. The preferences of the experts were given due consideration while proposing the future emission control strategies and making the estimates of the vehicle emissions in the next chapter.
Numerical Analysis of Cost Function of Electric Supply Reliability of a Standby System with Critical Human Error and Environmental Failure
Authors: Singh Ravindra Pratap , Dubey G. K.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an electric supply system consisting of two subsystem, A B in series (1-out-of-2: F) viz. Generation system and supply respectively. The electric system fails, if any of the two subsystems AB fails. The generation system A consists of three identical units. Initially only two units work and third unit is in standby. The standby unit is operated when any of the two units fails, through the automatic changeover, which is assumed to be perfect. The electric system goes to degraded state when only one unit of A is operable. The electric system may also fail due to critical human error and environmental failure. The failure time for the system follows exponential distribution whereas repair time assumes arbitrary distribution. Using Laplace transform various state probabilities and evaluated along with cost function. Numerical examples have been added to highlight the important results.
Meta Heuristic Optimization of TSP using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Singh Richa , Parveen Suraiya , . Aparna
Published: January 2023

Initiation of this paper demarcates the limits of artificial intelligence, as it calls artificial intelligence a science for its extensibility and genetic algorithm to provide an affable decision to solve a popular routing problem named as Travelling Salesman Problem. This study will help more in moving to a world where a computer will be able to program based on natural selection and evolution.
The travelling salesperson (or, salesman) problem (TSP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem. A combinatorial optimization problem helps to find an optimal object from a finite set of objects which does not follows an exhaustive search but the set of feasible solution is discrete.
TSP aims to find the shortest path that travels through every city in a provided set of cities exactly once and travels back to the initial city using genetic algorithm. TSP is complex as it is a NP-complete problem. This literature proposes a heuristic approach for solving TSP: To find shortest path that travels through every city in a provided set of cities exactly once and travels back to the initial city. Proposed solution will provide a faster solution but not necessarily an optimal solution.
Multilevel Inverter Based on Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter
Authors: Kumar K. Sheshu , Bharath V. , B. Shankar
Published: January 2023

Multilevel inverters are mainly used in high power and medium voltage applications to reduce the required voltage rating of the power semiconductor switching devices. On the other hands, these multilevel inverters are attractive for various applications regardless of the power ratings because they can essentially realize lower harmonics with lower switching frequency and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this context, the multilevel inverters with larger number of levels suitable for circuit integration are actively investigated. Diode -clamped multilevel inverters are regarded as the promising solution. In the diode-clamped multilevel inverters whose number of the levels exceeds three, voltage balancing circuits for the DC capacitors to maintain the proper voltage are indispensable. The authors have been investigated the application of a circuit topology of the voltage balancing circuits so called Resonant Switched Capacitor Converters (RSCC). In the present paper, the utilization of the voltage boost function of RSCC to enhance the allowable range of the input voltage of the inverter is investigated. The voltage boost function is useful in the applications in which the DC source voltage is limited such as batteries and fuel cells. From the computer simulation and the experimental results, the usefulness and the operating characteristics of the voltage boost operation have been demonstrated.
Microcontroller Based Under/Over Frequency Relay for Power System Protection
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Mishra Gaurav , Asthana Nandini , Yadav Atul Kumar
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the frequency fluctuation in power system and protect the power system from its harmful effects. Therefore we design a Microcontroller Based Under/Over Frequency Relay. In this paper we use microcontroller AT89S52 for protecting the power system from the problem of frequency fluctuation. When frequency goes below or above from desired value then electromagnetic relay trip and isolate our power system from its harmful effect. Electromechanical protective relays operate by either magnetic attraction, or magnetic induction. Frequency Variation also decrease the life of the equipment and directly affect the overall production of the plant.
Design Simulation of Single Band C inside C Shape Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Khanna Puneet
Published: January 2023

In this paper we have analyzed and designed a C shaped slotted rectangular patch antenna in C band. The proposed antenna design is able to operate at 6 GHz frequency and thus antenna becomes a necessity for many applications in satellite communication. Using proposed antenna design and probe feeding at proper position we find the resultant return loss, VSWR and bandwidth. We are using IE3D simulation software for designing and analysis. We have observed that using slotted patch antenna and using probe feed at proper location we can get better VSWR and bandwidth.
Optimization of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate on Conventional Dry Turning of Aluminium (6061)
Authors: M. S. Ranganath , . Vipin , Mishra R. S.
Published: January 2023

The work and study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effect of the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR), in conventional turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition. The cutting tool was prepared with positive Rake angle 20. The effect of cutting condition (cutting speed and feed rate) on surface roughness and MRR were studied and analyzed. Design of experiments (DOE) were conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameters on the surface roughness by using Taguchi design and then followed by optimization of the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to find minimum surface roughness and the maximum MRR. The feed and speed are identified as the most influential process parameters on surface roughness. The optimum MRR was obtained when setting the cutting speed and feed rate at high values, but the optimum surface roughness was reached when the feed rate and depth of cut were set as low as possible. Low surface finish was obtained at high cutting speed.
Role of Objective Analytic Tests Battery in Personality Assessment
Authors: Verma Nidhi , . Umed
Published: January 2023

Across the globe, questionnaires have gained huge popularity in the area of personality assessment because of its ease of construction and administration, despite its serious limitations such as social desirable responses, judgmental errors and faking etc. The present study is focused on importance of Objective Analytic Test battery (T-Data measures) in personality assessment. T-Data measures are objective in real sense and can be a good alternative in personality assessment as T-Data measures are not dependent on subject’s self evaluation but measures direct reactions and without subject’s knowledge about what interpretation is put on it. One of the prime characteristics of these tests is that they do not have any face validity and therefore reduces the possibility of faking to a great extent which questionnaire measurement cannot rule out completely. The present study is an attempt to emphasize on the importance of Objective Analytic Test as a valid and error free tool in the personality assessment.
Environmental Awareness and Behaviour of People in Northern India: A Comparative Study
Authors: Savita Ubba
Published: January 2023

Due to the extensive exploitation of the environment by the people, the environment has deteriorated to an alarming extent. People specifically have started looking upon the environment friendly products on the shelves of supermarkets. The paper attempts to draw the types of environmental awareness and behaviour specifically related to the environment friendly products. The present paper will help in having understanding of the environmental awareness and behaviour in various areas. People have more awareness regarding environment friendly products and least about the solutions provided by environment friendly products. People have started becoming sensitive towards environmental issues and this is seen in their behaviour, people now indulge in buying more environment friendly products and in this way they try to shun the guilt of doing nothing for the environment.
Role of Pharmacist in New Millenium
Authors: Verma Nishant , Jha K. K. , Sharma Rajesh , Verma Shoor Sain
Published: January 2023

During the concurrent professional scenario pharmacists provide only dispensing services within pharmacies. Many opine that the presence of pharmacists in pharmacies is merely to satisfy the current legal requirements. They only count and pack tablets and capsules and distributes these to consumers. There is need to adopt new concepts of clinical patient oriented practices. There is requirement to make medicines safe for patients by providing counselling than for proper use, clarifying correct dosages and right application. It involves checking new treatments that are compatible with other medicines that the patients might be taking. The future of pharmacy does not seem to lie merely in dispensing of medication batter in provision of relevant drug information and drug therapy recommendation to patients. A clinical pharmacist is an important source for furnishing clinical aspects of the drugs and delivery system particularly with respect to the safety and efficacy parameters.
Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential of Cressa Cretica Linn in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Verma Nishant , Jha K. K. , Chaudhary Sudhir , Garg Vipin
Published: January 2023

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic potential of methanolic extract of Cressa cretica against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The halophytic plant Cressa cretica is widely used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extract of Cressa cretica administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg, for 15 days to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose level and change in body weight assessed in methanolic extract treated diabetic rats, were compaired with normal animal, diabetic control and standard drug treated rats. The yield of methanolic extract in Cressa cretica was found to be 16.18 %. Methanolic extract of Cressa cretica produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Significant differences were also observed in body weight by methnolic extract treated diabetic rats, when compared with diabetic control, normal control and standard drug treated rats. Methnolic extract of Cressa cretica exhibit significant anti-hyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced rats. Preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids which may be responcible for antidiabetic activity.
Algorithm and Techniques for Overlapping Community Detection
Authors: Singh Sakshi
Published: January 2023

A lot of phenomenon, real world and otherwise can be conveniently represented as graphs, with the nodes corresponding to the entities and the edges representing the interaction be- tween those entities. Communities or modules, which are groups of nodes densely connected to each other within the community but sparsely linked to other communities and the rest of the graph, often having similar structural and functional properties. A lot of algorithms have been proposed to partition the set of vertices into communities; such a partition exclusively puts a node into one community or the other. But in real life a node can belong to multiple communities simultaneously, i.e. the communities can overlap. Different metrics have been proposed. We reduce the modularity maximization problem for splitting the graph into two communities to the MAX-CUT problem with both positive and negative weights. We introduce and analyze three approximation algorithms to maximize modularity for the two community case; recursive bi-partitioning can be carried out as long as modularity increases to split into more than two communities.
Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rician, Rayleigh, Rayleigh with Awgn and Awgn Channel for Bluetooth, Fixed and Mobile Wimax Application
Authors: Khan Alisha , Shrivastava Saurabh
Published: January 2023

The emergence of WIMAX has attracted interest from wireless communication researchers. This paper discusses the OFDM for wireless communication. It include Bit Error Rate and Symbol Error Rate versus the ratio of bit energy to noise power spectral density (Eb/No) for different communication channels like AWGN channel, Rayleigh multipath channel, combined Rayleigh multipath with AWGN channel and Rician channel. The simulation is designed on computer MATLAB 9 version with 64-point FFT. It demonstrates that AWGN has better performance than any other channel. The BER of AWGN channel is 10-5 at 8dB SNR for Rayleigh multipath channel is 10-4.5 at 40dB SNR for Rayleigh multipath channel with AWGN is 10-4 at 30dB SNR and for Rician channel is 10-3 at 30dB SNR. The SER of AWGN channel is 0.02 at 12dB and approximately 0 at 14dB whereas SER for Rayleigh multipath channel with AWGN is 0.0009 at 30dB. So, AWGN channel has better SNR than any other channel. It can be used for OFDM Bluetooth 802.11g-2003, fixed WIMAX 802.16-2004 and mobile WIMAX 802.16e-2005
Review of Matrix Converter Modulation Topology (Venturini Method) and Its Application
Authors: Tyagi Charu , Sharma Shivam
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an overview of the matrix converter and its modulation techniques with application. Matrix converter is one of the most interesting members of power converter family; provide direct AC-AC conversion. A matrix converter is an ac-ac power frequency converter that received extension research attention due to its single stage power conversion technique, which is an alternate to ac-dc-ac converter.MC (matrix converter) is capable to convert energy from an ac source to ac load without the need of bulky and life- time limited energy storage elements. Here the purpose of most of these modulation methods is to generate sinusoidal current on the input and output sides. These methods are compared on the basis of theoretical complexities and performance.
Modeling Simulation of Nano film thickness of Gold deposited by Thermal Evaporation Process (TEP)
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Gaur Shailendra Kumar
Published: January 2023

The surface temperature is required to specifying the temperature of the evaporating gold using constant elements for turn off the refinement in the post-processing settings. The paper represents the modeling of nano scale gold film by computing the film thickness, mass deposited on the substrate and mass transfer rate with time dependent model using BDF solver. Gold is evaporated from a resistively heated evaporator source at a temperature of 2000K onto a surface held on a fixed surface. The film thickness varies between 34nm to 39 nm across the sample after 60 sec of deposition, with radial symmetry about the midpoint of the source. The film thickness as well as mass deposited at a point increases linearly with time. Since the angular distribution is of particular interest in this model, by increasing the integration resolution to a maximum value for ensuring the most accurate angular resolution when computing the flux.
A Study on Indian Rural Banking Industry - Issues and Challenges
Authors: Bansal Monika , . Sneha
Published: January 2023

Rural banking in India started since the establishment of banking sector in India. Rural Banks in those days mainly focused upon the agro sector. Rural India contributes a major chunk to the economy every year. Today, commercial banks and Regional Rural Banks in India are touching every corner of the country and are extending a helping hand in the growth process of the rural sector in the country. To give this sector a stronghold on finance and to enable economic independence, rural banks have special offerings that extend credit facilities to small farmers, agricultural labors and cottage industry entrepreneurs.
Establishing Context Awareness for a Mathematical Expression Recognizer
Authors: Koujalagi Ashok , Pradeep K. , Mahesh D. , Naveen S.
Published: January 2023

Understanding how students construct abstract mathematical knowledge is a central aim of research in mathematics education. Abstraction in Context (AiC) is a theoretical-methodological framework for studying students’ processes of constructing abstract mathematical knowledge as they occur in a mathematical, social, curricular and learning-environment context. AiC builds on ideas by Freudenthal, Davydov and others. According to AiC, processes of abstraction have three stages: need, emergence and consolidation. The emergence of new (to the student) constructs is treated by means of a model of three observable epistemic actions: Recognizing, Building-with and Constructing – the RBC-model. In this paper, I give an introduction to AiC, and an overview of pertinent research studies.
An Improved Face Recognition Approach using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Gaur Deepak , Sagar Raj Kumar
Published: January 2023

Due to digitization and for security purpose a lot of research has been going on
in the wide area of affect computing. One of the field under this affect
computing is to recognize the human faces with maximum accuracy. There are
still large numbers of difficulties to recognize the accurate facial expression. In
this research paper we are going to represent our experimental results for facial
recognition by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. So in the
first section of this paper we discussed some algorithm for facial recognition,
than compare our results of research with these algorithm. We took Extended
Cohn-Kanade Dataset(CK+) for experimental results. Our experimental results
are implemented in OpenCV.
The Role of Hindi in English Language Teaching in India
Authors: . Anuradha
Published: January 2023

In the present paper we have discussed the teaching of English through Hind. English is a foreign language that cannot be easily understood by the students who come from Hindi medium background the task of English language teaching becomes more comfortable and easy if it takes the help of Hindi.
Mathematical Study of Reliability and MTTF of Industry under Common Cause Failure
Authors: Soni Kavita , Singh U. R. , Jha Rajeev
Published: January 2023

In this present paper is deal with a mathematical study of reliability and MTTF of an industry under common cause failure system. a system which consists of four subsystems, A, B, D and E connected in series. Subsystem A and B have two units in series, failure of either of the two causes complete failure of the system. Subsystem D has only one unit in series with B1 and B2. Subsystem E, the heat exchanger has two units connected in parallel redundance. Failure occurs only when both the units fail. By using supplementary variable technique, Laplace Transforms of the probabilities, being in various states, as well as up and down states of the system have been obtained along with steady state behavior and MTTF of the system. MTTF has also been discussed graphically.
Experimental Investigation of Friction and Wear Behavior at the Interface of Aluminium and Mild Steel
Authors: M. S. Ranganath , Singh R. C. , Chaudhary Rajiv , Pandey R. K.
Published: January 2023

The Paper incorporates the experimental studies carried out for assessing the tribological performance of Aluminium at the sliding contacts with mild steel plate, using a pin-on-disk tribometer as per ASTM-G 99. The study has been done in order to explore the friction and wear behaviors at the interface of tribo-pair. The tribological properties as coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of aluminium 6061are investigated. The Tribological tests are carried out at 500, 1000, 1500 rpm for 1000 meters in dry condition based on Response Surface Methodology. Track diameter, rotating speed and normal load are considered as the design parameters. Using central composite design, the problem is converted into single response optimization problem and the optimum combination of design parameters are found as 50mm track diameter, 500 rpm of rotating speed and 0.5 kg of normal load. The ANOVA result shows that the rotational speed is the most significant factor, followed by load and Track diameter for co-efficient of friction. Whereas the Track diameter is the most significant factor, followed by rotating speed and normal load for specific wear rate. Finally, microscopic images are investigated to identify the wear mechanism.
Thermodynamic Irreversibilities Analysis of Industrial Ice Plant
Authors: Mishra R. S. , Kachhwaha S. S.
Published: January 2023

The behavior of single-stage vapour compression-refrigeration cycle, using NH3, has been investigated by the exergy method. The condenser and the evaporator’s saturation temperatures were varied from 295 K to 305 K and from 249 K to 239 K respectively. The effects of temperature changes in the condenser and evaporator on the plant’s irreversibility rate were determined. The greater the temperature difference between either (i) the condenser and the environment, or (ii) the evaporator and the cold room, the higher the irreversibility rate. Reduction in the irreversibility rate of the condenser gives approximately 2.58 times greater reduction in the irreversibility rate for the whole plant, whereas reduction in the evaporator’s irreversibility rate gives a 2.32 times greater mean reduction in the irreversibility rate of the whole plant. Because the changes in the temperatures in the condenser and the evaporator contribute significantly to the plant’s overall irreversibility, there is considerable scope for optimizing the condition imposed upon the condenser and evaporator.
Analysis of Ball Bearings under Dynamic Loading Using Non- Destructive Technique of Thermography
Authors: Singh R. C. , Pandey R. K. , Chaudhary Rajiv , M. S. Ranganath
Published: January 2023

Roller bearing defect is a major factor of failure in rotating machinery that affects proper functioning of system which results in substantial time and economic losses. Therefore, condition monitoring of roller bearing is important and the study of severity of defects are necessarily required in order to avoid catastrophic consequences. Defects monitoring during dynamic loading conditions of rotational machineries with the use of contactless, non-destructive infrared thermographic method is proposed. By using a rotating ball bearing, passive thermographic experiment was performed as an alternative technique to proceed the condition monitoring. Based on the results, the temperature characteristics of the ball bearing under dynamic loading conditions were analyzed thoroughly. Also, a comparison of these results was done for different bearings with characteristic defects. As a result, it was confirmed that infrared thermography method could be adopted to monitor and diagnose the faults by evaluating quantitatively and qualitatively the temperature characteristics according to the condition of the ball bearing.
A study of Surface wear of Hardened Cast Iron
Authors: Srinivas K.
Published: January 2023

Grey cast iron is one of the most prominent iron products that has its application worldwide. The foundations of the machine tool and the body of an internal combustion engine are the critical cast iron applications. But one of the problem in cast iron is the wearing of surface, which generally occurs in grey cast iron. Various researchers have investigated this phenomenon and have put forward their observation. This paper pen down their investigations on wear effect and discusses some investigations on laser surface hardening to improve the cast iron's characteristic.
User Privileged CAPTCHA as Graphical Password for Multistage Authentication
Authors: Anitha M. , Saranya G.
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, user authentication is one of the important topics in information security. In today’s world the password security is very important. For password protection various techniques are available. Cued Click Points are a click-based graphical password scheme, a cued-recall graphical password technique. Users Click on one point per image for a sequence of images. The next image is based on the previous click-point. The passwords which are easy to memorize are chosen by the users and it becomes easy for attackers to guess it, but the passwords assigned by the strong system are difficult for users to remember. Many current systems have low level security, and even then users often devise insecure coping strategies in order to compensate for memorability and usability problems. Alternatives such as tokens or biometrics raise other issues such as privacy and loss. Various graphical password mechanisms have received considerable attention in response. In this paper describes CAPTCHA authentication is clearly a practical problem. In a new security primitive based on hard AI problems, namely, a novel family of graphical password systems built on top of Captcha technology is call Captcha as graphical passwords.
Comparative Analysis of Different Control Schemes in Delta Domain Using Time Moments
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Gaba Nidhi
Published: January 2023

Traditionally, discrete-data sampled data systems are represented using shift-operator parameterization. Such parameterization was not suitable at high sampling rates. An alternative parameterization using the so-called delta operator maintains the close correspondence to its continues-time counterpart at fast sampling rates. This paper deals with the application of time moment estimation and adaptive control schemes. In the fast sampling limit, the delta operator model tends to the analog dynamic system model. This intrinsic property of the delta operator model unifies continues and discrete time control engineering. Comparative analysis results are showed the usefulness of the scheme.