bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Simulation and Sustainability: Ontological, Epistemological, and Ethical Reflections
Authors: Shults F. LeRon , Wildman Wesley J.
Published: December 2020

This article begins with a brief outline of recent advances in the application of computer modeling to sustainability research, identifying important gaps in coverage and associated limits in methodological capability, particularly in regard to taking account of the tangled human factors that are often impediments to a sustainable future. It then describes some of the ways in which a new transdisciplinary approach within “human simulation” can contribute to the further development of sustainability modeling, more effectively addressing such human factors through its emphasis on stakeholder, policy professional, and subject matter expert participation, and its focus on constructing more realistic cognitive architectures and artificial societies. Finally, the article offers philosophical reflections on some of the ontological, epistemological, and ethical issues raised at the intersection of sustainability research and social simulation, considered in light of the importance of human factors, including values and worldviews, in the modeling process. Based on this philosophical analysis, we encourage more explicit conversations about the value of naturalism and secularism in finding and facilitating effective and ethical strategies for sustainable development.
Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity
Authors: Beceiro Paula , Galvão Ana , Brito Rita Salgado
Published: December 2020

Cities face unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social, and spatial challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) is becoming more relevant in cities to improve urban resilience and to cope with climate change. NBS represent cost effective solutions that simultaneously provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. A comprehensive and multi-dimension Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution to urban resilience, focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was developed. This RAF is aligned with the RESCCUE RAF and the main assessment frameworks focused on NBS and urban resilience. This RAF for NBS is driven by the definition of resilience objectives and is able to evaluate short- and long-term changes, considering a comprehensive definition of the urban resilience and addressing the environmental, social, and economic capabilities. Regarding the initial resilience maturity and the available information in the city, three analysis degrees were proposed for the RAF application, namely, the essential, complementary, and comprehensive degrees, for which a pre-defined selection of metrics is proposed. This paper aims to present the application of the RAF essential analysis degree and its extensive validation regarding cities with different resilience maturity and available information. The application to seven cities with different resilience and NBS challenges allowed an in-depth validation of the pre-defined metrics included in the RAF essential analysis. In this sense, the analysis of the resilience maturity of the participating cities is presented, the main challenges and consolidated aspects in the cities are identified, and the cities ready to apply the complementary analysis degree are recognized. To conclude, to validate the essential analysis degree, the assessment of the main requirements of the RAF for NBS are verified, based on the RAF metrics results for the cities. In this light, the main requirements of the RAF for NBS were aggregated in three main categories, namely, NBS aspects, resilience capabilities, and the performance, risk and cost analysis.
Utilizing Macro Fiber Composite to Control Rotating Blade Vibrations
Authors: Hamed Y. S. , Kandil Ali , Machado José Tenreiro
Published: December 2020

This work applies an active control algorithm, using a macro fiber composite (MFC) to mitigate the unwanted vibrations of a rotating blade. The algorithm is a second-order oscillator, having the positive displacement signal of the blade for input and the suitable control force to actuate the blade for output. This oscillator is linearly coupled with the blade, having in mind that their natural frequencies must be in the vicinity of each other. The rotating blade is modeled by representing two vibrational directions that are linearly coupled. An asymptotic analysis is considered to understand the resulting nonlinear phenomena. Several responses are included to portray the dynamical behavior of the system under control. From the results, we observe the asymmetry between the blade’s vibrational directions. Moreover, a verification is included for comparing the analytical and numerical results.
Self-Adjointness and Conservation Laws of Frobenius Type Equations
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Zhang Yufeng
Published: December 2020

The Frobenius KDV equation and the Frobenius KP equation are introduced, and the Frobenius Kompaneets equation, Frobenius Burgers equation and Frobenius Harry Dym equation are constructed by taking values in a commutative subalgebra Z2ε in the paper. The five equations are selected as examples to help us study the self-adjointness of Frobenius type equations, and we show that the first two equations are quasi self-adjoint and the last three equations are nonlinear self-adjointness. It follows that we give the symmetries of the Frobenius KDV and the Frobenius KP equation in order to construct the corresponding conservation laws.
A Cluster-Based Channel Assignment Technique in IEEE 802.11 Networks
Authors: Gimenez-Guzman Jose Manuel , Crespo-Sen David , Marsa-Maestre Ivan
Published: December 2020

Channel assignment has become a critical configuration task in Wi-Fi networks due to the increasing number and density of devices which use the same frequency band in the radioelectric spectrum. There have been a number of research efforts that propose how to assign channels to the access points of Wi-Fi networks. However, most of them ignore the effect of clients (also called stations or STAs) in channel assignment, instead focusing only on access points (APs). In this paper, we claim that considering STAs in the channel assignment procedure yields better solutions in comparison with those obtained when STAs are ignored. To evaluate this hypothesis we have proposed a heuristic technique that includes the effect of interferences produced by STAs. Results show that taking STAs into account clearly improves the performance of the solutions both in terms of the achieved utility and in terms of the variability of results. We believe that these results will be useful to the design of future channel assignment techniques which consider the effect of STAs.
CliGAN: A Structurally Sensitive Convolutional Neural Network Model for Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation from Multi-Model Ensembles
Authors: Chaudhuri Chiranjib , Robertson Colin
Published: December 2020

Despite numerous studies in statistical downscaling methodologies, there remains a lack of methods that can downscale from precipitation modeled in global climate models to regional level high resolution gridded precipitation. This paper reports a novel downscaling method using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), CliGAN, which can downscale large-scale annual maximum precipitation given by simulation of multiple atmosphere-ocean global climate models (AOGCM) from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project 6 (CMIP6) to regional-level gridded annual maximum precipitation data. This framework utilizes a convolution encoder-dense decoder network to create a generative network and a similar network to create a critic network. The model is trained using an adversarial training approach. The critic uses the Wasserstein distance loss function and the generator is trained using a combination of adversarial loss Wasserstein distance, structural loss with the multi-scale structural similarity index (MSSIM), and content loss with the Nash-Sutcliff Model Efficiency (NS). The MSSIM index allowed us to gain insight into the model’s regional characteristics and shows that relying exclusively on point-based error functions, widely used in statistical downscaling, may not be enough to reliably simulate regional precipitation characteristics. Further use of structural loss functions within CNN-based downscaling methods may lead to higher quality downscaled climate model products.
Inventory and Connectivity Assessment of Wetlands in Northern Landscapes with a Depression-Based DEM Method
Authors: Stengård Emelie , Räsänen Aleksi , Ferreira Carla Sofia Santos , Kalantari Zahra
Published: December 2020

Wetlands, including peatlands, supply crucial ecosystem services such as water purification, carbon sequestration and regulation of hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. Peatlands are especially important as carbon sinks and stores because of the incomplete decomposition of vegetation within the peat. Good knowledge of individual wetlands exists locally, but information on how different wetland systems interact with their surroundings is lacking. In this study, the ability to use a depression-based digital elevation model (DEM) method to inventory wetlands in northern landscapes and assess their hydrological connectivity was investigated. The method consisted of three steps: (1) identification and mapping of wetlands, (2) identification of threshold values of minimum wetland size and depth, and (3) delineation of a defined coherent area of multiple wetlands with hydrological connectivity, called wetlandscape. The results showed that 64% of identified wetlands corresponded with an existing wetland map in the study area, but only 10% of the wetlands in the existing map were identified, with the F1 score being 17%. Therefore, the methodology cannot independently map wetlands and future research should be conducted in which additional data sources and mapping techniques are integrated. However, wetland connectivity could be mapped with the depression-based DEM methodology by utilising information on upstream and downstream wetland depressions, catchment boundaries and drainage flow paths. Knowledge about wetland connectivity is crucial for understanding how physical, biological and chemical materials are transported and distributed in the landscape, and thus also for resilience, management and protection of wetlandscapes.
Law and Politics in River Basin Management: The Implementation of the Water Framework Directive in The Netherlands
Authors: Mostert Erik
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in the Netherlands and shows how law and politics combine in river basin management. Initially, the implementation of the WFD in the Netherlands was approached as a technical and administrative issue, handled by water quality and ecology experts, but, in 2003, this approach was broken open by the agricultural sector, who feared stricter regulation. Subsequently, the environmental objectives of the WFD were set as low as possible and they play no role when authorising new projects. In July 2015, however, the European Court of Justice determined that the environmental objectives have a binding effect and that Member States have to refuse authorisation of projects that jeopardise the achievement of these objectives. This example shows the important role that law as a social phenomenon or “field” can play in river basin management, provided the courts enjoy sufficient social and political support and function relatively independently, as they do in the Netherlands. The article discusses the origin of the juridical field and its relation with politics and concludes that, to understand river basin management fully, it is essential to understand how (water) law functions.
Les Sociétés Populaires comtadines : un test dans l’étude des options collectives
Authors: Lapied Martine
Published: December 2020

The popular societies in Comtat : a test for a study of collective choices.

This work takes place into an attempt to identify politic temperaments and their formation during the french Revolution in the Comtat area, where opposite areas take shape — High, Middle, and Low Comtat, but also the Rhone region — making up a total example, remarkable by the density of its popular societies (83 % of the communes have a society in the year II). One notices too the precocity of foundations, from 1790 to the summer 1791, then from April to December 1792, which gives comparatively less importance to the terrorist period. Different rythms, contrasting attitudes lead to a variative typology of popular societies, echoing to different choices (sometimes unstable, as in Avignon) which they reflect
La dissolution des Sociétés Populaires parisiennes au printemps de l’an II
Authors: Monnier Raymonde
Published: December 2020

The dissolution of the Parisian Popular Societies in the spring of the year II.

This work considers the ground and ways of dissolution of most popular societies in Paris between the end of germinal and prairial year II. It analyses the debates which go on with the first assaults, during the struggle of factions, before germinal. After the Hebertist’s fall, the progress of self-dissolution starts : studying several significant instances, the author brings out the counter-revolutionary intrigues of moderates, who attempt to take control of societies. The return of «honnêtes gens», giving a substance to charges of federalism, makes the patriots more sensitive to jacobin pressure for a suspension of popular societies. They yield to the need of unity, required by the persistence of interior counter-revolution to rely on the Revolutionary Government.
Les paysans et le pouvoir directorial dans le Puy-de-Dôme
Authors: Bourdin Philippe
Published: December 2020

La paysannerie auvergnate n'a pas répondu aux attentes du pouvoir directorial. Loin d’être la masse inerte ou conquise sur laquelle espérait s'appuyer le gouvernement, elle accepte mal la conjoncture économique et militaire. Négligence du vote et de la pédagogie républicaine, soutien à la désertion et aux prêtres réfractaires forment la panoplie des actes de contestation. Mais les attitudes ne relèvent systématiquement ni de l’apolitisme ni de la contre-révolution : le poids des valeurs ancestrales (éventuellement réinterprétées) et des communautés paysannes, les espoirs nés de la prime Révolution comme les erreurs d’un Directoire peu au fait de cette réalité sociale et culturelle sont à prendre en compte.
La symbolique des Trois Ordres réunis, dans la médaille révolutionnaire
Authors: Benzaken Jean-Charles
Published: December 2020

Symbolics of the Three Orders gathered in the revolutionary medal.

Through the numismatic production of the first years of the Revolution, the article follows a theme which was then rather fashionable in this sphere as well as in iconography : symbolics of the Three Orders, as one can follow it from the lower and humble position of the Third Estate, bearing as Atlas the weight of kingdom, to the stages of its emancipation, marked by the great days of 1789. Portrayed individuals or emblematic objects get organised into the dialectic game of the three components, face to face or gathered.
Note sur la portée des décrets de Ventôse dans le Centre et le Sud-Ouest
Authors: Gross Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2020

Partant de l'analyse de Georges Lefebvre, l’auteur examine la gestation du projet de ventôse an II à travers l’action des représentants en mission. Soucieux à la fois de défendre le droit de propriété et de promouvoir la justice sociale, les Montagnards s'efforcent de trouver des conditions d'aliénation compatibles avec les principes démocratiques. Ils procèdent donc à l'affermage des biens séquestrés, moyennant des baux à moitié fruits de courte durée (un an) et renouvelables, mode de faire-valoir conforme à la tenure méridionale et aux intérêts des suspects en détention provisoire. Le métayage présentait un triple avantage, puisqu'il dispensait de l'expropriation, permettait aux pauvres valides de disposer d’un lopin, et assurait la mise en commun de denrées destinées aux citoyens dépourvus de terres et incapables d’en cultiver. S'il privait momentanément le propriétaire de son droit de jouissance, il ne portait nullement atteinte à son droit de propriété.
Suspicion et Terreur dans le district de Châtillon-sur-Indre (31 juillet 1790-13 frimaire an IV)
Authors: Barlet Philippe
Published: December 2020

L'auteur, étudiant la notion de suspicion dans le cadre d’un district berrichon distingue deux «terreurs», celle de l'an II, essentiellement politique, dirigée contre les élites urbaines liées à l'Ancien Régime, et celle de l'an III (Vendémiaire-Ventôse), économique et qui frappe les paysans par un ensemble de mesures d'intimidation destinées à leur faire livrer leur grains.

Il souligne la cohésion sociale et la stabilité du personnel administratif, où la bourgeoisie urbaine se maintient au pouvoir pendant toute la période. La rupture accrue avec le monde paysan provoque en l’an III la «Vendée de Palluau». Globalement, l’impact de la Terreur dans ce district rural semble très limité (216 arrestations).
La «consomption» de la première République et le «coup d'état du 30 prairial» (18 juin 1799)
Authors: Mac Dougall Ronald
Published: December 2020

Cet article renouvelle l'histoire du coup d’état du 30 prairial. L’auteur étudie comment l’alliance tactique de la double opposition dans les conseils (Néo-jacobins et Constitutionnels) et des généraux a provoqué la chute du second Directoire et souligne le rôle déterminant de Sieyès. La journée ne fut pas un coup porté par les conseils à l’exécutif : faite au nom du Corps législatif elle ne réussit qu’à affaiblir ce dernier.
Les républiques-sœurs, débat théorique et réalité historique, conquêtes et reconquêtes d’identité républicaine
Authors: Wahnich Sophie
Published: December 2020

Les troupes françaises entrent en Belgique à l’automne 1793. En moins de trois mois, le projet d’une république-sœur est remplacée par l’annexion. La majorité des électeurs français attendaient des Belges qu’ils proclament eux-mêmes leur république en partant des mêmes principes que les Français : liberté et souveraineté. Mais les Belges ne l’ont pas fait. Le principe de souveraineté s’est effacé devant une souveraineté formelle mise en place sous l’égide de la France. Les représentants provisoires du Brabant protestèrent contre une attitude française qui revenait à établir une hiérarchie entre peuple-guide et peuple-enfant. Il restait alors à la Convention de décréter l’annexion présentée comme étant à l’avantage des Belges qui accéderaient par là à la maturité républicaine.
L’évidence républicaine : Les Bataves du passé, au présent et au futur
Authors: Frijhoff Willem
Published: December 2020

En Hollande, au moment où la République Batave est proclamée après la victoire de la France révolutionnaire, la structure républicaine apparaît à tous les partis comme une évidence faisant partie de l’histoire nationale. La république n’est pas l’enjeu d’un combat. Ce qui l’est, ce sont les modalités concrètes d’un régime républicain. Mais le débat entre centralistes et fédéralistes est lui-même ancien. L’incitation française à penser la république en fonction d’un avenir ne rencontra que peu d’échos en Hollande.
Républiques et monarchies à l’époque révolutionnaire : une diplomatie nouvelle ?
Authors: Rao Anna Maria
Published: December 2020

Monarchies et républiques peuvent-elles coexister ou la guerre est-elle inévitable entre elles ? La République française, fondée sur la souveraineté du peuple, doit-elle respecter les traités signés par les despotes, ou doit-elle soutenir et même encourager l’expression de la volonté populaire contre la tyrannie ? Mais d’autre part les peuples soumis au despotisme monarchique sont-ils dignes de la liberté ? Ces questions animèrent constamment les rapports entre la France et l’Italie entre 1796 et 1800.

Pour la France du Directoire, la révolution étant terminée, il fallait rassurer l’Europe : des républiques et des rois pouvaient s’allier pour des intérêts communs. Pour les patriotes italiens comme pour les néo-jacobins français, la révolution n’étant pas terminée, la France ne devait pas chercher ses amis dans les gouvernements mais dans les peuples ; à partir de 1800, les patriotes italiens eux-mêmes se rallièrent à l’idée d’une coexistence entre les régimes républicains du nord de la péninsule et les régimes monarchiques du sud.
Le grand obstacle à la formation révolutionnaire des républiques en Italie
Authors: Diaz Furio
Published: December 2020

A partir de l’exemple de Pietro Verri, qu’il élargit à la quasi-totalité des élites éclairées de l’Italie, F. D. montre comment les Lumières italiennes si avancées dans leur approche de la société civile mais si timides quant aux projets politiques préparaient mal les jacobins italiens à élaborer par eux-mêmes et avec passion les solutions ouvertes par la conquête française.
Un républicanisme ambigu : l’Irlande et la Révolution française
Authors: Gough Hugh , Le Biez Gilles
Published: December 2020

Le mouvement patriotique irlandais, antérieur à la Révolution française et encouragé par celle-ci, culminant dans l’activité des Irlandais unis évolua vers un républicanisme qui amalgamait la pensée constitutionnelle anglaise, la pensée des Lumières, l’exemple des révolutions américaine et française, la pensée religieuse protestante, le souvenir d’un glorieux passé catholique, la revendication économique, le messianisme. Cet amalgame masqua une divergence fondamentale entre un projet républicain rationaliste unissant catholiques et protestants et un autre trouvant son inspiration dans la reconquête d’une identité nationale catholique.
Cartwright et l’idée de Commonwealth en Espagne
Authors: Gil Novales Alberto
Published: December 2020

A. G. N. exhume un curieux texte du major Cartwright, le célèbre leader radical anglais : un dialogue politique entre un Italien, un Espagnol, un Français, un Allemand, un Anglais (1825), dédié à Miguel Riego, frère du général révolutionnaire espagnol. Tous les personnages y tombent d’accord pour voir dans une constitution instituant un régime représentatif et l’élection à toutes les fonctions, la seule constitution libre, conforme d’ailleurs à l’ordre divin. Ce régime idéal, c’est le Commonwealth (Répu¬ blique traduit en espagnol ici par Salut public). De plus, l’Anglais, porte-parole de Cartwright, préconise le retour à des jeux civiques, analogues aux Jeux Olympiques, pour que dans chaque nation la République soit soutenue par un ressort moral !
Morphologic Analysis of Urinary Podocytes in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Shirai Yoko , Miura Kenichiro , Yokoyama Takashi , Horita Shigeru , Nakayama Hideki , Seino Hiroshi , Ando Taro , Shiratori Atsutoshi , Yabuuchi Tomoo , Kaneko Naoto , Ishiwa Sho , Ishizuka Kiyonobu , Hara Masanori , Hattori Motoshi
Published: December 2020

Background

The development of glomerulosclerosis in FSGS is associated with a reduction in podocyte number in the glomerular capillary tufts. Although it has been reported that the number of urinary podocytes in FSGS exceeds that of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, the nature of events that promote podocyte detachment in FSGS remains elusive.

Methods

In this study, we provide detailed, morphologic analysis of the urinary podocytes found in FSGS by examining the size of the urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS, minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, and GN. In addition, in urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, we analyzed podocyte hypertrophy and mitotic catastrophe using immunostaining of p21 and phospho-ribosomal protein S6.

Results

The size of the urinary podocytes was strikingly larger in samples obtained from patients with FSGS compared with those with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and GN (P=0.008). Urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS had a higher frequency of positive immunostaining for p21 (P<0.001) and phospho-ribosomal protein S6 (P=0.02) than those from patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Characteristic features of mitotic catastrophe were more commonly observed in FSGS than in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome urinary samples (P=0.001).

Conclusions

We posit that the significant increase in the size of urinary podocytes in FSGS, compared with those in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, may be explained by hypertrophy and mitotic catastrophe.
Nahid Sırrı Örik’in “Eve Düşen Yıldırım” Hikâyesini Tahlil Denemesi
Authors: AFACAN Tuğba
Published: December 2020

Yaşadığı dönemde herhangi bir edebî topluluğa katılmayan Nahid Sırrı Örik, özellikle roman ve hikâyeleriyle adını günümüze taşıyan yazarlardan birisidir. Yazarın “Eve Düşen Yıldırım” adlı hikâyesinin incelendiği makale, başlıca beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde öncelikle yazarla ilgili kısa bir bilgi verildikten sonra hikâyenin künyesine ve hikâye hakkında çıkan tartışmalara değinilmiştir. Konu bölümünde hikâyenin muhtevası ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlatılmış, tema başlığında ferdî ve sosyal temaların birlikte kullanıldığı bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. Yapı bölümü; olay örgüsü, şahıs kadrosu, zaman, mekân, dil ve anlatım olmak üzere beş alt başlıkta ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Olay örgüsünde hikâyenin gerilim noktalarını oluşturan belli başlı olaylar ele alınarak kahramanlar arasındaki çatışma unsurları ortaya konulmuştur. Şahıslar ise öncelikle fiziki özellikleri ile tanıtılmış ve sonrasında şahısların hikâyedeki ayırıcı niteliklerine yer verilmiştir. Zaman bahsinde hikâyenin vaka zamanı ve sosyal zamanı belirlenmiştir. Hikâyenin dış mekânı Ankara’dır ve bunun yanında Cebeci’deki ev ise iç mekânı oluşturur. Son olarak dil ve anlatım bahsinde de yazarın üslubu ve hikâyede kullanılan temel anlatım tarzları örnekler verilerek kısaca açıklanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise yazarın güzellik tutkusuna vurgu yapılarak “Eve Düşen Yıldırım”ın yazarının edebî anlayışını yansıtan tipik bir hikâye örneği olduğu bulgusu saptanmıştır.
Near-Infrared-Excitable Organic Ultralong Phosphorescence through Multiphoton Absorption
Authors: Tao Ye , Tang Lele , Wei Qi , Jin Jibiao , Hu Wenbo , Chen Runfeng , Yang Qingqing , Li Huanhuan , Li Ping , Xing Guichuan , Fan Quli , Zheng Chao , Huang Wei
Published: December 2020

Organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (OURTP) with a long-lived triplet excited state up to several seconds has triggered widespread research interests, but most OURTP materials are excited by only ultraviolet (UV) or blue light owing to their unique stabilized triplet- and solid-state emission feature. Here, we demonstrate that near-infrared- (NIR-) excitable OURTP molecules can be rationally designed by implanting intra/intermolecular charge transfer (CT) characteristics into H-aggregation to stimulate the efficient nonlinear multiphoton absorption (MPA). The resultant upconverted MPA-OURTP show ultralong lifetimes over 0.42 s and a phosphorescence quantum yield of ~37% under both UV and NIR light irradiation. Empowered by the extraordinary MPA-OURTP, novel applications including two-photon bioimaging, visual laser power detection and excitation, and lifetime multiplexing encryption devices were successfully realized. These discoveries illustrate not only a delicate design map for the construction of NIR-excitable OURTP materials but also insightful guidance for exploring OURTP-based nonlinear optoelectronic properties and applications.
Hoşgörü Eğilim Ölçeği Yetişkin Formu: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Hüseyin , ÇAVUŞ Merve
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yetişkin bireylerin hoşgörü eğilim düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesine ilişkin “Hoşgörü Eğilimi Ölçeği-Yetişkin Formu” geliştirmektir. Öncelikle madde havuzunda yer alan 30 maddeye ilişkin beşli Likert tarzında bir ön form yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırmada üç farklı çalışma grubu kullanılan araştırmanın birinci çalışma grubunu ölçeğin açımlayıcı faktör analizi tespiti için 515, ikinci çalışma grubunu ölçeğin doğrulayıcı faktör analiz tespiti için 498, üçüncü çalışma grubunu ise ölçeğin test-tekrar test güvenirlik tespiti için 126 birey oluşturmuştur. Toplamda yetişkin 1139 birey araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Birinci çalışma grubundan elde edilen verilerle yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde, ölçeğin toplam varyansının %55.53’ünü açıklayan toplam 10 maddeden oluşan farklılıklara saygı ve kabullenme adları altında iki boyutlu bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen yapının doğrulanması için ikinci çalışma grubu verileriyle yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde modelin uyum değerlerinin iyi olduğu ve ölçüt değerleri oldukça iyi düzeyde karşıladığı tespit edilmiştir. Üçüncü çalışma grubundan elde edilen verilerle ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirlemek için test-tekrar test güvenirlik analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu analiz neticesinde farklılıklara saygı .78, kabullenme .77 ve ölçek toplam ise .84 test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan diğer güvenirlik çalışmaları sonucunda da ölçeğin ve alt boyutlarının güvenilir sonuçlar verdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak geliştirilen bu ölçek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır.
Değerler Eğitiminde Video Blog Kullanımı
Authors: COŞKUNSERÇE Ozan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, karakter ve değerler eğitimi (KDE) dersinde gerçekleştirilen video blog uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının değer eğitimine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etkisini ve öğretmen adaylarının bu uygulamalar hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nicel boyutunu öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desen oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nicel veri toplama amacı ile Değer Eğitimine Yönelik Tutum (DET) Ölçeği kontrol ve deney gruplarına derslerin başlangıcında ve sonunda, öntest ve sontest olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel boyutunu ise video blog uygulamalarına katılan olan 11 öğretmen adayı ile yapılmış olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubu ile yürütülen ders sürecinde normal ders içeriğine ek olarak video blog uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Video blog uygulamalarında, blog üzerinde örnek olay videoları paylaşılmış, öğretmen adaylarının bunları ders saatleri dışında izleyerek yorumlamaları istenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda, grupların değerler eğitimine yönelik tutumları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, deney grubu öğretmen adaylarının DET ölçeğinin faktörleri olan “değerler eğitiminin gereğine inanç”, “değer eğitimini içselleştirme” ve “değer eğitimine yönelik olumsuz inanç” faktörlerinden aldıkları öntest ve sontest puanlarında sontest puanları lehine anlamlı bir fark olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun dışında öğretmen adayları video blog uygulamalarının KDE derslerini daha akılda kalıcı ve ilgi çekici hale getirdiği, öğrencilerin derse katılımını kolaylaştırdığı yönünde yorumlarda bulunmuştur.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI PERMAINAN SAINS BILLON PADA KELOMPOK B
Authors: Sastra Miharja Revalina Rizky Rinjany
Published: December 2020

Peningkatan keterampilan motorik halus melalui permainan sains billon pada kelompok B TK Al Munawaroh Banjarsari. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti bahwa kemampuan motorik halus pada anak kelompok B TK Al Munawaroh Banjarsari masih rendah. Dengan keterbatasan media yang ada di sekolah, kegiatan pembelajaran yang monoton, serta kurangnya stimulus yang dilakukan karena lembaga lebih mengutamakan calistung untuk peserta didiknya, dalam peningkatan keterampilan motorik halus menjadi kurang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode single case experimental dengan partisipan empat orang anak berusia lima sampai enam tahun berjenis kelamin laki-laki dua orang dan berjenis kelamin perempuan dua orang yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian keterampilan motorik halus melalui permainan sains billon. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan untuk teknik analisi data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalan penerapan permainan sains billon untuk peningkatan keterampilan motorik halus pada kelompok B TK Al Munawaroh Banjarsari. Kemampuan keterampilan motorik halus anak sebelum diberi intervesi belum berkembang (BB), pada intervensi 1 mulai berkembang (MB), dan intervensi 2 berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH). Dari uraian tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan penerapan permainan sains billon dapat meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus kelompok B TK Al Munawaroh Banjarsari.

Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Motorik Halus, Permainan Sains Billon, Anak Usia Dini
The Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties of Different Sized-gap in a Subtropical Forest, China
Authors: Buajan Supaporn , Liu Jinfu , He Zhongsheng
Published: December 2020

Gap areas create heterogeneity in the spatial environment, which is important to plant regeneration and diversity. Soil physical properties (SPP) are factors that affect plant growth. This study aims to assess the spatial variability of SPP in different gap sizes and to determine the effect of gap size on SPP. We used geostatistical analysis to illustrate the spatial patterns of SPP variability within 9 gaps, classified into three sizes (small, medium, and large) and under the canopy at the Castanopsis kawakamii natural reserve forest, the soil samples were collected entire gap area at 20 cm depth with the grid system (resolution: 3 m × 3 m). The following SPPs were determined using soil cores: soil bulk density (SBD), soil water mass content (SWMC), soil volumetric moisture content (SVMC), maximum moisture capacity (MMC), capillary water capacity (CWC), minimum water-holding capacity (MWHC), soil capillary porosity (SCP), and soil total porosity (STP). We found that every SPP, except SCP and STP, significantly differed with gap size. Gap sizes generally improved the SPPs, especially in the small and large gaps, indicating that the soil there was more suitable for plant growth than the soil under the canopy. The highest spatial variability of SPPs was observed in the large gaps. Gap size affected SPP and its spatial variability. The results from this study will be useful for work on forest gap regeneration and conservation, especially around the study site.
A NEW APPROACH FOR RULE ESTIMATION OF FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Authors: ERDOĞAN Melike , KAYA İhsan
Published: December 2020

The increase in the population and the high amount of individual vehicle usage in the big cities brought traffic congestion and environmental problems. Additionally, these issues have also some negative effects on the public transport systems (PTSs). In this respect, the analysis of PTS is critical and important for both city life and people. It is possible that the failures in PTS can lead to many problems.
Disruption of daily life, loss of lives and property or damage to the environment are only just a few of these problems. In this context, effective maintenance planning for PTSs is so crucial. In this study, the rule estimation for a fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS) which takes into consideration many factors for the maintenance planning of PTSs is discussed. The rule-based system for maintenance planning of Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) will be highly effective for the prediction of failures for PTSs and the correct actions to be taken. Rule estimation for this system is aimed to increase the precision and flexibility of maintenance procedures. In this context, a model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been developed and used in rule estimation for FRBS. For this aim, ten cases that are not in the rule base system are estimated and the results of the fuzzy rule-based maintenance inference system for the relevant inputs are revealed.
Thus, it has been shown that ANNs can be used effectively for the analysis of rules that are not included in the current rule-based maintenance system.
RADYAL ŞEBEKELERDE DESTEK VEKTÖR REGRESYON İLE OPTİMUM KABLO TOPRAKLAMA SİSTEMİ TASARIMI
Authors: AKBAL Bahadir
Published: December 2020

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile elektrik şebekelerindeki yüklerin çeşitliliği de artmıştır. Bu çeşitli yükler şebekede sıfır bileşen ve harmonik akımlarını artırarak yüksek gerilim yeraltı kablolarında başlık arızalarına neden olmaktadır. Uygulamada kablo başlığı arızalarını önlemek için genellikle IEEE 575-1988 standardında yer alan çift taraflı topraklama (ÇTT) yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Fakat bu yöntem sıfır bileşen ve harmonik akımlarının neden olduğu kablo başlığı arızalarını önlemek için yeterli değildir. Bu çalışmada yeni bir yöntem olan Parçalı Çift Taraflı Topraklama (PÇT) yöntemi ile ÇTT yöntemi karşılaştırılmıştır. PÇT yönteminin kullanılması için kabloda oluşacak olan kılıf geriliminin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu yüzden Destek Vektör Regresyon (DVR) yöntemleri ile kılıf gerilimi tahmini yapılmıştır.
Daha sonra kablo arızalarını ve elektrik çarpılmalarını önlemek için PÇT yöntemi dokunma gerilimine göre optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon yöntemleri olarak da Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu, İnertia Ağırlıklı Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu, Çekimsel Arama Algoritması ve Genetik Algoritma kullanılmıştır.
Çalışma sonunda, yüksek gerilim kablosunun topraklamasının ÇTT yöntemi ile yapılması durumunda kılıf geriliminin dokunma gerilimini aştığı görülmüştür. Bu durum dengesiz elektrik alanı nedeniyle kablo arızasına, yüksek gerilim nedeniyle de elektrik çarpılmasına neden olmaktadır. Aynı hat için tasarlanan optimize edilmiş PÇT yöntemlerinde ise kılıf gerilimi aşılamamıştır. Böylece PÇT yöntemi ile hem kablo arızalarının hem de elektrik çarpılmalarının önüne geçilecektir.
YÜK BARASI ÖLÇÜMLERİNE DAYALI GERİLİM KARARLILIĞI DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Enes Talha , MERİÇ Selim , TURAN Mustafa , YALÇIN Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, gerilim kararlılığı açısından bir yük barasındaki kritik değerlerin belirlenmesi için, ilgili baraya ait gerilim (V), yük akımı (I) ve güç açışı (φ) yerel ölçümlerini kullanarak kestirim yapan iki farklı yaklaşım irdelenmiştir. İlk olarak, yerel bara ölçümlerinden güç sisteminin Thevenin eşdeğer devre parametreleri kestirilmiş, ardından gerilim kararlılığının değerlendirilmesi için gerekli kritik gerilim ve gerilim kararlılık marjini değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Sunulan yaklaşım IEEE 30 baralı test sistemi üzerinde denenmiştir. IEEE 30 baralı standart test sisteminde MATPOWER yazılımı ile güç akışı yapılarak incelenecek baralara ait veriler elde edilmiş ve her iki yöntem ile gerilim kararlılığı değerlendirmesi gerçeklenmiştir. Benzetim sonuçları, iki yaklaşımında yük baralarındaki gerilim kararlılık sınırlarını başarı ile belirlediği ve baraların gerilim kararlılığı açısından yüklenme düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesinde, kritik baraların tespitinde ve yük atma işlemlerinin önceliklenmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
TDY 2007 VE TBDY 2018 YÖNETMELİKLERİNE GÖRE YAPI YÜKSEKLİĞİNİN TABAN KESME KUVVETİ VE TEPE DEPLASMANI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÜNSAL İsmail , ÖNCEL Fatih Ali , ŞAHAN Fatih
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (2018) ve Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik (2007) kapsamında bina yüksekliğinin, toplam eşdeğer deprem yükü (taban kesme kuvveti) ve maksimum tepe deplasmanı üzerindeki etkisi karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla ele alınan yapı örneği, ETABS bilgisayar programında, başta 30 kat olarak modellenmiş ve yapılan her analiz sonrası 1 adet ara kat eksiltilerek 5 ile 30 katlar arasındaki 26 adet model için analizler tekrarlanmıştır. Yapının 15 metre ile 91 metre arasında değişen yüksekliklere sahip modelleri için Mod birleştirme yöntemine göre hesaplanmış olan taban kesme kuvveti ve maksimum tepe deplasmanı gibi büyüklükler kaydedilmiştir. TBDY 2018 esas alınarak elde edilen taban kesme kuvveti değerlerinin TDY 2007 esas alınarak elde edilen taban kesme kuvveti değerlerinden çok daha düşük değerler aldığı gözlenmiştir. TBDY 2018 esas alınarak elde edilen taban kesme kuvveti değerlerinin ise yapı yüksekliği arttıkça doğrusala yakın bir ilişki ile azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca taban kesme kuvveti değerlerinin yakın olması halinde, TBDY 2018 esas alınarak elde edilen maksimum tepe deplasmanı değerlerinin TDY 2007 esas alınarak elde edilen maksimum tepe deplasmanı değerlerinden çok daha büyük olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Estudios acerca del libro de bautizos del pueblo de Pampacolca - Arequipa, Perú
Authors: Sieczkowska Dominika
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza un libro de bautizos del pueblo de Pampacolca, el cual es una fuente primaria de información sobre la evangelización en dicho pueblo. El estudio abarca los primeros 40 años de la presencia de los sacerdotes católicos en el lugar. El primer bautizo registrado se dio en el año de 1592 y el último en el año de 1632. El análisis del libro de bautizos del pueblo de Pampacolca ha permitido profundizar el estudio de diferentes problemas sociales de la población andina, como es el caso de la mortandad infantil o de las migraciones y divisiones entre ayllus. Finalmente, el artículo analiza la estructura del libro de bautizos y presenta los problemas que han surgido durante el trabajo paleográfico.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM DOG FEED SOLD IN ADO-EKITI METROPOLIS
Authors: Atere Victor
Published: December 2020

Animal feed has been incriminated in many animal infectious diseases. This study was carried out to investigate and document the bacteriological safety of dog feed sold in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis. Five feed samples were analyzed, the bacterial load, coliform count, total Salmonella count as well as test for campylobacter was carried out on the feed samples. Pure culture of the isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using disc diffusion method. The total bacterial count ranged between 4.41 log10CFU/g and 6.36 log10CFU/g. All feed samples had coliform ranging between 2.09 log10CFU/g and 3.93 log10CFU/g. Salmonella was only recovered from feed sample DED. Only sample DDL harbours Campylobacter sp. Other bacteria isolated from the feed were Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus sp and Lactobacillus sp. The antibiogram showed that nitofuratoin and ciproflocacin had the best activity where 93.10 % (54 out of 58) were susceptible to the two antibiotic.  Ampicilin was most resisted with only 36.21 % (21) susceptibility. Thirty one (31) of the isolates showed resistance to 3 or more antibiotic constituting 53.44 % of the entire bacterial isolate. Antibiotic resistance pattern mostly encountered were AMP, AMO, TLY and AMP, AMO, FUR with thirteen (13) isolates each. These results showed that dog feed may not be totally safe for the pets. Based on the type of bacteria isolated and the antibiotic resistance, good manufacturing practices should be ensured by manufactures in other to reduce the rate of contamination.
KEIMANAN DALAM NASKAH DRAMA â€œBALADA LANGGAR TUAâ€ KARYA ALFANUL ULUM F.S.
Authors: Rudi Rudi
Published: December 2020

Naskah drama Balada Langar Tua karya Alfanul Ulum F.S., menggambarkan keimanan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sangat esensial terhadap tingkah laku seseorang, yang diekspresikan melalui tokoh dalam naskah drama. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan keimanan dalam naskah drama. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian tersebut menggunakan konsep keimanan dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap naskah drama. Teknik analisa data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) mengklasifikasi data yang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian, (2) menganalisis data yang diperoleh dari naskah drama Balada Langar Tua karya Alfanul Ulum F.S., (3) menginterpretasikan data, dan (4) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk keimanan adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Amaliah dalam bentuk merawat rumah Allah dan saling menolong terhadap tetangga. (2) Percaya adanya jin. (3) Percaya adanya neraka dan alam mahsyar. (4) Perasaan berdosa (tobat).
SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING MICROELECTRONICS. CAUSES AND CLASSIFICAT
Authors: Maslov V.V.
Published: December 2020

This paper considers organizational pathologies as negative structural developments in the functioning and evolution of microelectronics. Most common pathologies and their influence on microelectronics are discussed. Classification of these pathologies and an analysis of their causes are given, with suggestions on possible ways to overcome their negative influence.
Quantum Biology: Does quantum physics hold the key to revolutionizing medicine?
Authors: Goh Bey Hing , Tong Eng Siang , Pusparajah Priyia
Published: December 2020

Quantum biology is the study of quantum effects on biochemical mechanisms and biological function. Quantum physics describes the behaviour of the nanoscale particles that make up all matter including living organisms, but it was generally believed that the ‘warm, wet and noisy environment’ in living organisms would result in decoherence making it impossible for meaningful quantum effects to occur. However, there is now a substantial body of work supporting that nature has actually adapted in such a way as to exploit quantum properties to enhance cellular functioning and is believed to have role in a diverse range of key processes in living organisms ranging from maintaining the stability of DNA to neuron function to conscious cognition; from light harvesting in photosynthesis to avian magnetic field based navigation. This review aims to summarize the various mechanisms and functions in living organisms believed to utilize quantum mechanics to purposefully and effectively enhance their performance, and to explore the potential this could hold in diagnosing and treating various medical conditions.
La memoria andina colonial: escritores indígenas y mestizos de los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Herrera Villagra Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Tres excelentes escritores, el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua y Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, consiguieron registrar un recuerdo trascendente de la antigüedad andina. Postulamos que en los Comentarios Reales [1609], la Relación de Antigüedades deste Reyno del Pirú [1613] y la Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno [1615], ellos construyeron una memoria del pasado reivindicado a pesar de la colonialidad de su época. Este hecho nos ha impulsado a interpretar las circunstancias en que la historia de los pueblos de los Andes durante el siglo XVI experimentó una serie de alteraciones culturales, y a explicar cómo una identidad étnica trascendió gracias a la escritura histórica.
Empat Naskah Surat Incung pada Tanduk Kerbau dari Mendapo Rawang, Kerinci: Suntingan Teks dan Terjemahan
Authors: Sunliensyar Hafiful Hadi
Published: December 2020

Manuscript of Incung Letters founded in Kerinci, written on buffalo horn and bamboo generally. Four of all horn manuscripts is saved by Depati Sungai Lago from Koto Beringin, Mendapo Rawang as heirlooms of his clan. This manuscripts have trasliterated by Voorhoeve in 1941 and have re-digitalization by Uli Kozok between 2012-2013. However, Voorhoeve’s transliteration is imperfect and not satisfactory. The purpose of this research is to obtain text edition and translation that easier to understand by reader. The stage of this research is inventaring, describing, editing and translating. The method utilized in the text edition is standard edition method. As result of this research, is known that this manuscripts narrated the six episodes about ancestors history from local inhabitant in the indigenous territory of Tanah Rawang.