bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Police Personnel
Authors: Yates James D. , Aldous Jeffrey W. F. , Bailey Daniel P. , Chater Angel M. , Mitchell Andrew C. S. , Richards Joanna C.
Published: June 2021

Hypertension and metabolic syndrome (METSYN) are reportedly high in police forces. This may contribute to health deterioration and absenteeism in police personnel. Police forces comprise of staff in ‘operational’ and ‘non-operational’ job types but it is not known if job type is associated to hypertension and METSYN prevalence. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of hypertension and METSYN, the factors associated with the risk of hypertension and METSYN, and compare physiological, psychological, and behavioural factors between operational and non-operational police personnel. Cross-sectional data was collected from 77 operational and 60 non-operational police workers. Hypertension and METSYN were prevalent in 60.5% and 20% of operational and 60.0% and 13.6% of non-operational police personnel, respectively (p > 0.05). Operational job type, moderate organisational stress (compared with low stress) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with lower odds of hypertension, whereas increasing body mass index was associated with increased odds of hypertension (p < 0.05). None of the independent variables were significantly associated with the odds of METSYN. Operational police had several increased cardiometabolic risk markers compared with non-operational police. Given the high prevalence of hypertension and METSYN in operational and non-operational personnel, occupational health interventions are needed for the police and could be informed by the findings of this study.
The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Acts through a Collaboration between Cellular and Humoral Immune Effector Arms
Authors: Yakovenko Iryna , Donnyo Asaf , Ioscovich Or , Rosental Benyamin , Oren Matan
Published: June 2021

Sea urchins are long-living marine invertebrates with a complex innate immune system, which includes expanded families of immune receptors. A central immune gene family in sea urchins encodes the Transformer (Trf) proteins. The Trf family has been studied mainly in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Here, we explore this protein family in the Mediterranean Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The PlTrf genes and predicted proteins are highly diverse and show a typical Trf size range and structure. Coelomocytes and cell-free coelomic fluid from P. lividus contain different PlTrf protein repertoires with a shared subset, that bind specifically to E. coli. Using FACS, we identified five different P. lividus coelomocyte sub-populations with cell surface PlTrf protein expression. The relative abundance of the PlTrf-positive cells increases sharply following immune challenge with E. coli, but not following challenge with LPS or the sea urchin pathogen, Vibrio penaeicida. Phagocytosis of E. coli by P. lividus phagocytes is mediated through the cell-free coelomic fluid and is inhibited by blocking PlTrf activity with anti-SpTrf antibodies. Together, our results suggest a collaboration between cellular and humoral PlTrf-mediated effector arms in the P. lividus specific immune response to pathogens.
Effects of Helicoverpa armigera Egg Age on Development, Reproduction, and Life Table Parameters of Trichogramma euproctidis
Authors: Atashi Nazanin , Shishehbor Parviz , Seraj Ali Asghar , Rasekh Arash , Hemmati Seyed Ali , Riddick Eric W.
Published: June 2021

The noctuid Helicoverpa armigera is an economically important pest of agricultural crops in Iran and other countries. Research is evaluating the capacity of Trichogramma parasitoids to control H. armigera populations on field crops. The objective of this research was to determine if young rather than old H. armigera eggs were optimal for Trichogramma euproctidis development, reproduction, and life table parameters. Bioassays involved exposing T. euproctidis mated females to H. armigera 14, 38, or 62 h old eggs within 24 h in laboratory arenas. Results indicated that the number of host eggs parasitized successfully by T. euproctidis decreased as host egg age increased. Host egg age had no significant effect on T. euproctidis adult emergence. Adults that developed in 14 h old eggs had greater longevity and fecundity than those that developed in 38 h or 62 h old eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was greatest, and the mean generation time (T) was lowest for T. euproctidis reared in 14 h old eggs. This study indicates that young H. armigera eggs are more suitable than old ones for T. euproctidis development and reproduction. This study is important because it provides evidence, for the first time, that T. euproctidis can utilize H. armigera as a rearing host. Using young rather than old host eggs could ensure the persistence of a T. euproctidis mass production system to support augmentative releases.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes after Knee Arthroplasty with Patient-Specific versus Off-the-Shelf Knee Implants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moret Céline Saphena , Schelker Benjamin Luca , Hirschmann Michael Tobias
Published: June 2021

Customised, patient-specific implants (PSI) manufactured based on computed tomography data are intended to improve the clinical outcome by restoring more natural knee kinematics as well as providing a better fit and a more precise positioning. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of these PSI on the clinical and radiological outcome compared to standard, off-the-shelf (OTS) implants. Thirteen comparative studies including a total of 2127 knee implants were identified. No significant differences in clinical outcome assessed with the range of motion, the Knee Society Score (KSS), and the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12) were found between PSI and OTS implants. PSI showed fewer outliers from the neutral limb axis and a better implant fit and positioning. Whether these radiological differences lead to long-term advantages in terms of implant survival cannot be answered based on the current data. Patients receiving PSI could be discharged home earlier at the same or at an even lower total cost. The effective overall superiority of PSI has yet to be proven in long-term studies.
Combining Investment and Tax Strategies for Optimizing Lifetime Solvency under Uncertain Returns and Mortality
Authors: Das Sanjiv , Ostrov Daniel , Casanova Aviva , Radhakrishnan Anand , Srivastav Deep
Published: June 2021

This paper considers investors who are looking to maximize their probability of remaining solvent throughout their lifetime by using an algorithm that aims to optimize their investment allocation strategy and optimize their tax strategy for withdrawal allocations between tax deferred accounts (TDAs), Roth accounts, and taxable stock and bond accounts. This optimization works with stochastic investment returns and stochastic mortality, extending and combining different investment and tax-efficiency paradigms. We find that optimizing the investment strategy has a much larger impact on the investor remaining solvent than optimizing the tax strategy. This result is key to effectively optimizing both strategies simultaneously. This optimized investment strategy soundly beats a standard target date fund strategy, and the novel optimized tax strategy displays optimal desired properties suggested by non-stochastic tax optimization research.
Advantages of Porcine Xenograft over Autograft in Sinus Lift: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Correia Francisco , Pozza Daniel Humberto , Gouveia Sónia , Felino António Campos , Faria-Almeida Ricardo
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to compare the performance of intra-oral autologous bone grafts versus porcine xenografts in a two-step lateral window sinus lift. This split-mouth randomised controlled trial sequentially enrolled 12 patients with a 6-month follow-up. For each patient, a simultaneous randomised bilateral maxillary sinus lift was performed and filled with autologous bone from the mandible (control) or a porcine xenograft (test). A bone biopsy sample was collected during the implant placement for histological and histomorphometric analysis. CT scans were performed at the beginning and at the end of the trial to assess radiological evolution. A comparison of initial and six-month CT scans indicated statistically significant increases in bone level for both materials (7.8 ± 2.4 mm for autologous and 8.7 ± 2.2 mm for xenograft, p < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between the performance of the two materials over time (p = 0.26). The histological analysis showed various stages of the remodelling process and no cells or other signs of inflammation or infection were visible in both groups. The porcine xenografts presented similar results for the studied variables when compared to autologous bone, being a reasonable alternative for a sinus lift.
Asbestos Fibers and Ferruginous Bodies Detected by VP-SEM/EDS in Colon Tissues of a Patient Affected by Colon-Rectum Cancer: A Case Study
Authors: Rinaudo Caterina , Croce Alessandro , Erra Stefania , Nada Elisabetta , Bertolotti Marinella , Grosso Federica , Maconi Antonio , Amisano Marco
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work was to inspect the presence of asbestos fibers in colon tissue from a patient, with history of indirect exposure to asbestos and affected by colon cancer, who underwent surgery. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (VP-SEM/EDS), was used for identification of inorganic fibers and for their morphological—chemical characterization. Fresh tissue samples from both, healthy area close to the neoplasia and from the neoplastic regions, were separately digested to eliminate the biological matrix. The precipitate was analyzed by VP-SEM/EDS, identifying in samples from healthy tissue asbestos bodies and small asbestos fibers, and in samples from neoplastic tissue long fibers of asbestos, free from covering. A quantification of the asbestos bodies and the free fibers in the two type of specimens is proposed. Moreover, to locate the fibers in the biological medium, histological sections from the colon of the same patient were also examined. Free asbestos fibers appeared concentrated in the tissue bridge between the healthy and the neoplastic areas. Immuno-histochemical investigation performed on the neoplasia seems to exclude a role of microsatellite instability in the carcinogenesis process, suggesting an influence of the fibers.
Method for Zero-Waste Circular Economy Using Worms for Plastic Agriculture: Augmenting Polystyrene Consumption and Plant Growth
Authors: Gan Samuel Ken-En , Phua Ser-Xian , Yeo Joshua Yi , Heng Zealyn Shi-Lin , Xing Zhenxiang
Published: June 2021

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the major plastics contributing to environmental pollution with its durability and resistance to natural biodegradation. Recent research showed that mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and superworms (Zophobas morio) are naturally able to consume PS as a carbon food source and degrade them without observable toxic effects. In this study, we explored the effects of possible food additives and use of worm frass as potential plant fertilizers. We found that small amounts of sucrose and bran increased PS consumption and that the worm frass alone could support dragon fruit cacti (Hylocereus undatus) growth, with superworm frass in particular, supporting better growth and rooting than mealworm frass and control media over a fortnight. As known fish and poultry feed, these findings present worms as a natural solution to simultaneously tackle both the global plastic problem and urban farming issue in a zero-waste sustainable bioremediation cycle.
The Role of Physical Fitness in the Relationship between Nut Consumption and Body Composition in Young Adults
Authors: Garrido-Miguel Miriam , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Fernández-Rodríguez Rubén , Martínez-Ortega Isabel Antonia , Hernández-Castillejo Luis Enrique , Bizzozero-Peroni Bruno , Ruiz-Grao Marta Carolina , Mesas Arthur Eumann
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this study was to estimate the association between nut consumption and body composition-related measures and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the muscle strength index (MSI) in young adults. A cross-sectional study involving college students (n = 354) aged 18–30 years from a Spanish public university was conducted. Body composition and fitness components were assessed using standard methods. Nut consumption was evaluated using a Food-Frequency Questionnaire. ANCOVA models were used to assess the mean differences in physical fitness and body composition by nut consumption categories. Hayes’s PROCESS macro was applied for mediation and interaction analyses adjusted for the main confounders. Young adults with high nut consumption (≥5 portions of 30 g/week) showed significantly higher values of physical fitness components and fat-free mass and lower values of adiposity-related measures than their peers in the lowest categories of nut consumption (˂1 portion/week) (p < 0.05). No significant interaction between CRF and nut consumption on body composition was found. In the mediation analysis, CRF and MSI acted as full mediators of the relationship of nut consumption with fat-free mass and waist circumference/height index. Otherwise, CRF and MSI partially mediated the relationship between nut consumption and body mass index and percent of fat mass. Finally, nut consumption, per se, does not appear to have a significant impact on body composition indicators because these associations have been shown to be partially (for BMI and %BF) or entirely (for ratio WC/height and fat-free mass) explained by CRF and MSI.
An Ontology-Based Approach to Enable Data-Driven Research in the Field of NDT in Civil Engineering
Authors: Moreno Torres Benjamí , Völker Christoph , Nagel Sarah Mandy , Hanke Thomas , Kruschwitz Sabine
Published: June 2021

Although measurement data from the civil engineering sector are an important basis for scientific analyses in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT), there is still no uniform representation of these data. An analysis of data sets across different test objects or test types is therefore associated with a high manual effort. Ontologies and the semantic web are technologies already used in numerous intelligent systems such as material cyberinfrastructures or research databases. This contribution demonstrates the application of these technologies to the case of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, which is commonly used to characterize water content and porosity distribution in solids. The methodology implemented for this purpose was developed specifically to be applied to materials science (MS) tests. The aim of this paper is to analyze such a methodology from the perspective of data interoperability using ontologies. Three benefits are expected from this approach to the study of the implementation of interoperability in the NDT domain: First, expanding knowledge of how the intrinsic characteristics of the NDT domain determine the application of semantic technologies. Second, to determine which aspects of such an implementation can be improved and in what ways. Finally, the baselines of future research in the field of data integration for NDT are drawn.
Expenditure Patterns of Foreign Resident Visitors and Foreign Tourist Visitors at a Day-Trip Nature-Based Destination
Authors: Zakaria Hasan , Numata Shinya , Hihara Katsuya
Published: June 2021

In this study, we examined the difference in expenditure patterns between foreign resident visitors and foreign tourist visitors at a nature-based destination. We also examined the effects of sociodemographic profiles, travel characteristics, and perceived importance on expenditure patterns during off-peak and peak seasons. Generally, the results revealed low average daily expenditure compared with other nature-based destinations. Whereas no differences were observed during the off-peak season, the sociodemographic characteristics, travel characteristics, perceived importance, and expenditure pattern differed between foreign resident and foreign tourist visitors during the peak season. These results suggest that patterns of expenditure and perceived importance of foreign visitors are influenced by the seasonality of a nature-based destination. On the other hand, foreign resident visitors and foreign tourist visitors differ in their characteristics, perceived importance of destination attributes, and expenditure patterns, particularly during the peak season. Longer periods of residence in the host country might result in foreign resident visitors becoming local visitors. Our findings contribute to practical knowledge of the segmentation of foreign visitors at nature-based destinations.
Neutralizing Antibody Induction Associated with a Germline Immunoglobulin Gene Polymorphism in Neutralization-Resistant SIVsmE543-3 Infection
Authors: Nomura Yuto , Matsuoka Saori , Okazaki Midori , Kuwata Takeo , Matano Tetsuro , Ishii Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Antibody responses are crucial for the control of virus infection. Understanding of the mechanism of antibody induction is important for the development of a vaccine eliciting effective anti-virus antibodies. Virus-specific B cell receptor (BCR)/antibody repertoires are different among individuals, but determinants for this difference remain largely unclear. We have recently reported that a germline BCR immunoglobulin (IgG) gene polymorphism (VH3.33_ET or VH3.33_VI) in rhesus macaques is the determinant for induction of potent B404-class anti-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) neutralizing antibodies in neutralization-sensitive SIVsmH635FC infection. In the present study, we examined whether neutralization-resistant SIVsmE543-3 infection can induce the anti-SIV neutralizing antibodies associated with the germline VH3.33 polymorphism. Anti-SIVsmE543-3 neutralizing antibodies were induced in all the macaques possessing the VH3.33_ET allele, but not in those without VH3.33_ET, in the chronic phase of SIVsmE543-3 infection. Next generation sequencing analysis of BCR VH genes found B404-class antibody sequences only in those with VH3.33_ET. These results indicate that anti-SIVsmE543-3 neutralizing antibody induction associated with the germline BCR IgG gene polymorphism can be triggered by infection with neutralization-resistant SIVsmE543-3. This animal model would be useful for the elucidation of the mechanism of potent antibody induction against neutralization-resistant viruses.
Successful Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic Joint Infection with Bacteriophage Therapy
Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez Claudia , Gonzales Francis , Buckley Maureen , Biswas Biswajit , Henry Matthew , Deschenes Michael V. , Horne Bri’Anna , Fackler Joseph , Brownstein Michael J. , Schooley Robert T. , Aslam Saima
Published: June 2021

Successful joint replacement is a life-enhancing procedure with significant growth in the past decade. Prosthetic joint infection occurs rarely; it is a biofilm-based infection that is poorly responsive to antibiotic alone. Recent interest in bacteriophage therapy has made it possible to treat some biofilm-based infections, as well as those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, successfully when conventional antibiotic therapy has failed. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who was successfully treated after a second cycle of bacteriophage therapy administered at the time of a two-stage exchange procedure for a persistent methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) prosthetic knee-joint infection. We highlight the safety and efficacy of both intravenous and intra-articular infusions of bacteriophage therapy, a successful outcome with a single lytic phage, and the development of serum neutralization with prolonged treatment.
Satellite Subgenomic Particles Are Key Regulators of Adeno-Associated Virus Life Cycle
Authors: Zhang Junping , Yu Xiangping , Guo Ping , Firrman Jenni , Pouchnik Derek , Diao Yong , Samulski Richard Jude , Xiao Weidong
Published: June 2021

Historically, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-defective interfering particles (DI) were known as abnormal virions arising from natural replication and encapsidation errors. Through single virion genome analysis, we revealed that a major category of DI particles contains a double-stranded DNA genome in a “snapback” configuration. The 5′- snapback genomes (SBGs) include the P5 promoters and partial rep gene sequences. The 3′-SBGs contains the capsid region. The molecular configuration of 5′-SBGs theoretically may allow double-stranded RNA transcription in their dimer configuration. Our studies demonstrated that 5-SBG regulated AAV rep expression and improved AAV packaging. In contrast, 3′-SBGs at its dimer configuration increased levels of cap protein. The generation and accumulation of 5′-SBGs and 3′-SBGs appears to be coordinated to balance the viral gene expression level. Therefore, the functions of 5′-SBGs and 3′-SBGs may help maximize the yield of AAV progenies. We postulate that AAV virus population behaved as a colony and utilizes its subgenomic particles to overcome the size limit of a viral genome and encodes additional essential functions.
No Evidence of Reduced Contrast Sensitivity in Migraine-with-Aura for Large, Narrowband, Centrally Presented Noise-Masked Stimuli
Authors: Asher Jordi M. , O’Hare Louise , Hibbard Paul B.
Published: June 2021

Individuals with migraine aura show differences in visual perception compared to control groups. Measures of contrast sensitivity have suggested that people with migraine aura are less able to exclude external visual noise, and that this relates to higher variability in neural processing. The current study compared contrast sensitivity in migraine with aura and control groups for narrow-band grating stimuli at 2 and 8 cycles/degree, masked by Gaussian white noise. We predicted that contrast sensitivity would be lower in the migraine with aura group at high noise levels. Contrast sensitivity was higher for the low spatial frequency stimuli, and decreased with the strength of the masking noise. We did not, however, find any evidence of reduced contrast sensitivity associated with migraine with aura. We propose alternative methods as a more targeted assessment of the role of neural noise and excitability as contributing factors to migraine aura.
Estimation of the Average Retention Time of Precipitation at the Surface of a Catchment Area for Lake Biwa
Authors: Iwaki Maho , Yamashiki Yosuke , Toda Takashi , Jiao Chunmeng , Kumagai Michio
Published: June 2021

In a lake catchment system, we analyzed the lake water-level responses to precipitation. Moreover, we identified the average precipitation retention time—due to subsurface flows—from the delay time calculated using the response function with data of water level and catchment precipitation (both rainfall and snowfall) collected over 30 years of continuous observations of Lake Biwa, Japan. We focused on the snow reserves and the water-level response delay due to the snowmelt of Lake Biwa catchment. We concluded that the average precipitation retention time of the catchment subsurface flow (i.e., above the impermeable layer) in Lake Biwa was approximately 45 days. Additionally, the precipitation retention time during snowmelt was shorter than that during the dry season. Overall, the shape of the response function reflects the lake system. This knowledge improves the understanding of lake systems and can be helpful for lake resource managers. Furthermore, finding the delay time from the response function may be useful for determining the contribution of rainfall to increasing the water levels of other lakes. Therefore, our results can contribute to the development of management strategies to address inland aquatic ecosystems and conservation.
Current Progress on Marine Microplastics Pollution Research: A Review on Pollution Occurrence, Detection, and Environmental Effects
Authors: Liu Fei-Fei , Wang Su-Chun , Zhu Zhi-Lin , Liu Guang-Zhou
Published: June 2021

Recently, microplastics pollution has attracted much attention in the environmental field, as researchers have found traces of microplastics in both marine and terrestrial ecological environments. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress on microplastics pollution in the marine environment from three main aspects including their identification and qualification methods, source and distribution, and fate and toxicity in a marine ecosystem. Microplastics in the marine environment originate from a variety of sources and distribute broadly all around the world, but their quantitative information is still lacking. Up to now, there have been no adequate and standard methods to identify and quantify the various types of microplastics, which need to be developed and unified. The fate of microplastics in the environment is particularly important as they may be transferred or accumulated in the biological chain. Meanwhile, microplastics may have a high adsorption capacity to pollutants, which is the basic research to further study their fate and joint toxicity in the environment. Therefore, all the findings are expected to fill the knowledge gaps in microplastics pollution and promote the development of relative regulations.
A Study on the Friction Factor and Reynolds Number Relationship for Flow in Smooth and Rough Channels
Authors: Choo Yeon-Moon , Kim Jong-Gu , Park Sang-Ho
Published: June 2021

The shear velocity and friction coefficient for representing the resistance of flow are key factors to determine the flow characteristics of the open-channel flow. Various studies have been conducted in the open-channel flow, but many controversies remain over the form of equation and estimation methods. This is because the equations developed based on theory have not fully interpreted the friction characteristics in an open-channel flow. In this paper, a friction coefficient equation is proposed by using the entropy concept. The proposed equation is determined under the rectangular, the trapezoid, the parabolic round-bottomed triangle, and the parabolic-bottomed triangle open-channel flow conditions. To evaluate the proposed equation, the estimated results are compared with measured data in both the smooth and rough flow conditions. The evaluation results showed that R (correlation coefficient) is found to be above 0.96 in most cases, and the discrepancy ratio analysis results are very close to zero. The advantage of the developed equation is that the energy slope terms are not included, because the determination of the exact value is the most difficult in the open-channel flow. The developed equation uses only the mean velocity and entropy M to estimate the friction loss coefficient, which can be used for maximizing the design efficiency.
Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Soha , Wahed Osama , El-Nashar Walaa , El-Marsafawy Samia , Zeleňáková Martina , Abd-Elhamid Hany
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a comprehensive study to assess the impact of climate change on Egypt’s water resources, focusing on irrigation water for agricultural crops, considering that the agriculture sector is the largest consumer of water in Egypt. The study aims to estimate future climate conditions using general circulation models (GCMs), to assess the impact of climate change and temperature increase on water demands for irrigation using the CROPWAT 8 model, and to determine the suitable irrigation type to adapt with future climate change. A case study was selected in the Middle part of Egypt. The study area includes Giza, Bani-Sweif, Al-Fayoum, and Minya governorates. The irrigation water requirements for major crops under current weather conditions and future climatic changes were estimated. Under the conditions of the four selected models CCSM-30, GFDLCM20, GFDLCM21, and GISS-EH, as well as the chosen scenario of A1BAIM, climate model (MAGICC/ScenGen) was applied in 2050 and 2100 to estimate the potential rise in the annual mean temperature in Middle Egypt. The results of the MAGICC/SceGen model indicated that the potential rise in temperature in the study area will be 2.12 °C in 2050, and 3.96 °C in 2100. The percentage of increase in irrigation water demands for winter crops under study ranged from 6.1 to 7.3% in 2050, and from 11.7 to 13.2% in 2100. At the same time, the increase in irrigation water demands for summer crops ranged from 4.9 to 5.8% in 2050, and from 9.3 to 10.9% in 2100. For Nili crops, the increase ranged from 5.0 to 5.1% in 2050, and from 9.6 to 9.9% in 2100. The increase in water demands due to climate change will affect the water security in Egypt, as the available water resources are limited, and population growth is another challenge which requires a proper management of water resources.
The history of the formation of lean production as a concept of continuous improvement
Authors: Guseva Larisa
Published: June 2021

The article presents historical material that highlights the main stages of the development of the modern economic model of "lean production", which allows optimizing any process by means of traditional technologies without large investments to achieve a long-term, sustainable economic effect.
Labor adaptation of nurses: a system of professional orientation, adaptation and promotion in a medical organization
Authors: Dvoinikov Sergey , Karaseva Larisa
Published: June 2021

Currently, the shortage of personnel in medical organizations is one of the urgent problems. The natural level of turnover is 3–5 % of the headcount; everything over 5 % is an increased level. One of the solutions to this issue is the organization of personnel adaptation in the organization and the development of a program of «entry into office».
The study of NMR spectroscopy use in pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Kuznetsova Maria N. , Zhilkina Vera Yu.
Published: June 2021

Drug products are specific goods. A customer cannot determine quality and authenticity of any tablet, ointment or ampule content himself. As number of registered drugs has been increasing the actuality of quality assurance and standardization of drugs becomes much important. At the same time highly active substances belonging to new natural and synthetic drugs classes has been coming in medicinal practice. NMR spectroscopy approach has wide opportunities in increasing number of drugs analysis which must meet constantly increasing demands.
Osmanlı Hukûk-ı Âile Kararnâmesi’nde Hanefî Mezhebinin Görüşü Dışında Kanunlaştırılan Fıkhî Görüşler Ve Analizi
Authors: YILDIZ Rifat
Published: June 2021

Osmanlı Devleti, Hanefî mezhebinin görüşlerini uygulama konusunda uzun süre ısrarcı olmuştur. İlk dönemlerinden itibaren Osmanlı Devleti, genelde Hanefî mezhebinin görüşlerini ihtiva eden muteber fıkıh ve fetva kitaplarını yasama ve hukuk işlerinde kullanmıştır. Bu nedenle diğer mezheplerin görüşlerine mümkün mertebe müracaat edilmemiştir. Hukûk-ı Âile Kararnâmesinde yüzyıllarca tavizsiz bir şekilde uygulanan Hanefî mezhebinin bazı görüşlerinden vazgeçilip diğer Sünni mezheplerin görüşleri kanunlaştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle Hukûk-ı Âile Kararnâmesinde Hanefî mezhebinin görüşleri dışında kanunlaştırılan fıkhî görüşlerin tespiti ve düzenlemenin yapılış gerekçelerinin tespiti önem arz etmektedir. Bundan dolayı kanun çıkarılırken Hanefî mezhebi dışında yararlanılan görüşleri tespit etmek ve bu görüşlerin kabulüne yol açan etkenleri irdelemek benzeri çalışmalar için yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu nedenle Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemlerinde yapılan hukukî çalışmaların bu açıdan değerlendirilmesi oldukça mühimdir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Hukûk-ı Âile Kararnâmesi hakkında bilgi verilecek, Hanefî mezhebinin görüşleri dışında kanunlaştırılan diğer mezheplerin görüşleri tespit edilerek bu görüşlerin tercih edilme nedenleri analiz edilecektir. Öncelikli olarak Hukûk-ı Âile Kararnâmesi’nden istifade edilecek, konuyla ilgili diğer çalışmalardan da yararlanılacaktır. Daha sonra çalışma sonucunda elde edilen tespitler ifade edilecektir.
İskemik İnme Hastalarında Kan Lipid Parametreleri ve İntraserebral Hemoraji Gelişimi Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: YÜCEL Kamile , EREN Fettah
Published: June 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Çalışmada iskemik inme hastalarında hemorajik transformasyon (HT) gelişimi ile kan lipid parametrelerinin ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma için 2015-2020 yılları arasında nöroloji kliniğinde yatarak tedavi alan akut iskemik inme hastaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastalar iskemik dokuda hemorajik transformasyon olan ve olmayan hastalar olarak 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların lipid profili (trigliserid, total kolesterol, LDL kolesterol ve HDL kolesterol) 12 saat açlık sonrası, saat 5:00-07:00 arası alınan kan örnekleri ile değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada iskemik dokuda HT gelişen (40) ve HT gelişmeyen (60) 100 hasta dahil edildi. Gruplar arasında DM (p: 0.229) ve hipertansiyon (p: 0.698) açısından farklılık yoktu. Gruplar arasında trigliserit (p: 0.266) ve HDL (p: 0.718) açısından anlamlı fark yokken, HT gelişen hasta gurubunda total kolesterol (p: 0.017) ve LDL kolesterol (p: 0.015) seviyeleri gelişmeyen hasta gurubuna göre yüksekti ve aradaki fark anlamlıydı.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda kan lipid parametreleri ve prognoz arasında bir ilişki gözlenmedi. Fakat hemorajik transformasyon gelişen inme hastalarında LDL kolesterol ve total kolesterol düzeylerinin hemorajik transformasyon gelişmeyen iskemik inme hastalarına göre anlamlı yüksek olduğunu bulduk. Ancak bunun klinik olarak önemli bir etkiye yol açıp açmadığını belirlemek için bulgularımızın, örneklem büyüklüğünün genişletilerek doğrulanması gerekmektedir.
La delimitación de los espacios públicos en la necrópolis de Porta Vesuvio en Pompeya (Italia)
Authors: Raposo Gutiérrez Noemí
Published: June 2021

Este estudio se centra en el análisis de la delimitación de los distintos monumentos funerarios que componen la necrópolis de Porta Vesuvio en Pompeya (Italia), así como de los elementos de servicio públicos de la ciudad que se localizan en la necrópolis, como es el acueducto que distribuía el agua a la ciudad. Toda esta delimitación se ha podido analizar gracias a la legislación existente de época romana, así como al estudio de los termini, que son los elementos de demarcación de espacios públicos y privados usados en época romana y que en Pompeya podemos apreciar con claridad, no solo en las tumbas sino en todos los elementos de servicio público localizados en la ciudad. Con este análisis se ha conocido cómo era el sistema de delimitación de una zona suburbana de Pompeya, como es la necrópolis de Porta Vesuvio y, al mismo tiempo, del acueducto que alimentaba a la ciudad, y cómo la urbe cumple la normativa urbana de ocupación de espacios.
Antigal Motaite: una aldea temprana en Abdón Castro Tolay (Barrancas), Puna de Jujuy
Authors: Hoguin Rodolphe , Solá Patricia , Yacobaccio Hugo D.
Published: June 2021

El sitio Antigal Motaite, emplazado en las vecindades de la localidad Abdón Castro Tolay (Barrancas, Puna de Jujuy), es un conglomerado constituido por unas 37 estructuras de formas cuadrangulares y circulares. Dos fechados radiocarbónicos permiten ubicar este sitio ca. 1800-1700 años AP. Durante el Período Temprano (3000-1000 años AP), el desarrollo de la agricultura empieza a tener mayor importancia y, al mismo tiempo, se evidencia una disminución de la movilidad regional de las poblaciones pastoriles. En esta ocasión, se presentan los primeros resultados de las excavaciones realizadas en este antiguo poblado. Se incluye también un relevamiento preliminar de la arquitectura y un primer análisis de las tecnologías lítica y cerámica. Los datos obtenidos, comparados con los antecedentes arqueológicos regionales, evidencian una ocupación agropastoril estable y sedentaria, constituida probablemente por varias unidades familiares. La ocupación se habría caracterizado por llevar adelante estrategias domésticas de subsistencia, trayectorias tecnológicas especializadas y el aprovisionamiento de bienes alóctonos obtenidos mediante el tráfico caravanero. En este contexto, se ha detectado la introducción de varios cambios tecnológicos referidos a la producción cerámica y lítica.
El aprovechamiento del carpincho (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en los sitios Cerro Aguará y Barrancas del Paranacito (departamento General Obligado, provincia de Santa Fe)
Authors: Servin Ana Cecilia
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se exponen los resultados de la revisión del registro arqueofaunístico correspondiente a carpincho (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de los sitios Cerro Aguará y Barrancas del Paranacito, localizados en el sector septentrional de la llanura aluvial del Paraná medio en su margen santafesina. El objetivo es examinar la relación entre las poblaciones humanas que habitaron dichos espacios y este roedor de gran tamaño, durante el Holoceno tardío. A pesar de su amplia disponibilidad y distribución, su representación en los sitios arqueológicos vinculados a los humedales del río Paraná es escasa y, particularmente en el tramo medio, los sitios aquí considerados se encuentran entre los que tienen una mayor frecuencia. Para esta revisión, se estimó la abundancia taxonómica y anatómica de este taxón y se realizó un relevamiento de las modificaciones de origen antrópico con el fin de inferir las actividades humanas que estarían involucradas en el procesamiento de este recurso. Además, se registró macroscópicamente la incidencia de perturbaciones post-depositacionales, evaluando la meteorización, la acción de raíces, de roedores y carnívoros, y alteraciones químicas. Asimismo, se utilizaron fuentes documentales, etnográficas y etnohistóricas, como marcos de referencia para la interpretación de la información obtenida. Los resultados muestran que, en los casos aquí analizados, esta especie habría sido aprovechada de manera integral, tanto como recurso alimenticio como para la confección de instrumentos. Este aprovechamiento cobra relevancia en la llanura aluvial del Paraná medio, donde son pocos los sitios en los cuales el carpincho representa un porcentaje del NISP mayor a 1.
Eğitim Düzeyi ve Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Bölgesel Gelir Seviyesi ile İlişkisi: Türkiye Düzey Bir Bölgelerine Yönelik Bir Uygulama
Authors: TUNCER Ayşe , ALGONİ Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma Türkiye'deki bölgesel ekonomik büyümede eğitim ve Ar-Ge’ye yönelik gerçekleştirilen harcamaların etkisini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, 2010-2019 döneminin bölgesel eğitim düzeyi ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının bölgesel milli gelire olan etkisini analiz etmek için panel sabit etkiler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sabit etki modelinin sonuçlarına göre, eğitim ve Ar-Ge harcamaları Türkiye düzey bir (TR1) bölgelerinde bölgesel kişi başına GSYİH'yi olumlu şekilde etkilemektedir. Türkiye düzey bir bölgelerine yönelik bölgesel büyüme oranlarının arttırılmasında uygulanacak olan politikalarda eğitim ve Ar-Ge’ye yönelik harcamaların arttırılması, ulusal hedeflere ulaşmada önemli rol oynamaktadır.
BRICK FIRING PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Дагаев М.И. , Авторханов А.М. , Муртазова Х.Т.
Published: June 2021

В статье приводится описание технологического процесса обжига керамического кирпича в туннельной печи. Приведено обоснование для внедрения автоматизированной системы управления туннельной печью и вариант структуры автоматизированной системы управления.

The article describes the technological process of firing ceramic bricks of a tunnel kiln. The rationale for the introduction of an automated control system for a tunnel furnace and a variant of the structure of an automated control system are given.
TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING LARGE AND SMALL AGGREGATE FROM CONCRETE SCRAP
Authors: Естемесов З. А. , Сарсенбаев Б. К. , Каршыга Г. О. , Сейсенов А. Ф. , Адилбаев А. А.
Published: June 2021

В работе представлены эффективные технологические мероприятия по получению крупного и мелкого заполнителя из бетонного лома. Приводится фракционный состав заполнителя из некондиционных бетонных и железобетонных изделий, классификация его в зависимости от гранулометрии и рекомендации использования вторичного заполнителя в производстве строительных материалов.

The paper presents effective technological measures for obtaining large and small aggregate from concrete scrap. The fractional composition of the aggregate from substandard concrete and reinforced concrete products, its classification depending on granulometry and recommendations for the use of secondary aggregate in the production of building materials is given.
INFLUENCE OF WATER LOSS ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HELIOBETON
Authors: Алиев С. А. , Муртазаев С-А. Ю. , Таймасханов Х. Э. , Муртазаева Р. С-А.
Published: June 2021

В работе рассмотрены основы тепло- и массообменных процессов при выдерживании бетона в гелиоформах со светопрозрачным покрытием. Изучены особенности обезвоживания бетона, твердеющего в условиях высоких температур и низкой относительной влажности. Установлено, что количественные показатели влагопотерь влияют не только на физико-механические и эксплуатационные показатели, но и на конструктивные особенности гелиоформ, используемых для выдерживания бетонных композитов на комплексных вяжущих, получаемых на основе использования портландцемента и некондиционного природного и техногенного сырья.

The paper discusses the basics of heat and mass transfer processes during the curing of concrete in helioforms with a translucent coating. The features of dehydration of concrete hardening under conditions of high temperatures and low relative humidity have been studied. It has been established that the quantitative indicators of moisture loss affect not only the physical, mechanical and operational indicators, but also the design features of the helioforms used to cure concrete composites on complex binders obtained through the use of Portland cement and substandard natural and technogenic raw materials.
PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE CEMENT BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors: Айменов Ж. Т. , Айменов А. Ж. , Сарсенбаев Н. Б. , Сарсенбаев Б. К.
Published: June 2021

Проведены исследования физико-химических процессов структурообразования композиционных цементов с добавкой отходов обогащения полиметаллических руд современными методами. Были определены минералогический состав, химический состав с использованием рентгенофазового, микроскопического, дифференциально-термического методов анализа. Это позволило установить, что содержание карбонатов в отходах обогащения полиметаллических руд до 30% не понизило прочности образцов.

Investigations of the physicochemical processes of structure formation of composite cements with the addition of wastes of concentration of polymetallic ores by modern methods have been carried out. The mineralogical composition, chemical composition were determined using X-ray phase, microscopic, differential thermal methods of analysis. This made it possible to establish that the carbonate content in the wastes of enrichment of polymetallic ores up to 30% did not reduce the strength of the samples.
STATE–BUILDING, CITIZENSHIP AND THE BANYARWANDA QUESTION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Authors: Koko Sadiki
Published: June 2021

Since achieving independence in June 1960, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been grappling with the question of the citizenship of Kinyarwanda and Kirundi-speaking populations settled on its territory at different historical periods, herein referred to as the Banyarwanda. While there is evidence of the presence of some Banyarwanda communities on current Congolese territory prior to the advent of Belgian colonisation in the area, the majority of the Banyarwanda currently living in the DRC  are descendants of those brought into the country through colonial immigration and labour recruitment processes, political exile and refuge as well as clandestine migration. Using a historical perspective, this article analyses the manner in which the question of the citizenship of the Banyarwanda has been handled in the DRC since the establishment of the Congo Free State in 1885. The article locates the roots of the problem in the poorly designed colonial policies surrounding the relocation of these populations to the Kivu region. However, the article acknowledges that the sole shortcomings on the part of colonial authorities would have never had the current consequences if it was not for the inconsistencies of the different post-colonial governments that have ruled over the DRC. Instead of resolving the citizenship question in an effective and sustainable manner, all these governments have based their respective responses to the issue on short-term political expediencies as dictated by the balance of forces within the country, the Kivu area and the Great Lakes region at a particular juncture.
RECONCILIATION FROM THE TOP DOWN? GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA, RWANDA AND BURUNDI
Authors: Wielenga Cori
Published: June 2021

National reconciliation has increasingly become an integral part of post-conflict recovery processes in Africa. What national reconciliation means, how it differs from interpersonal reconciliation and to what extent governments can facilitate reconciliation at all remains under debate. This article examines government institutions intended to facilitate national reconciliation processes in South Africa, Rwanda and Burundi. Rather than normatively prescribing what governments should be doing, this article seeks to examine what governments are doing as a starting point to understanding what national reconciliation is.
New mediation practices in African conflicts (Ulf Engel)
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: June 2021

This volume is the result of the editor's fellowship at the Wallenberg Research Centre of the Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Studies, which ended with an international workshop on the subject, held in September 2011. The contributions engage from different angles and perspectives with a wider range of case studies and thematic issues observing trends and ongoing shifts in African security architecture and subsequent approaches to and practices of intervention by mediation. As the editor  observes: "These efforts are related to a larger process of norm change, including a new preference for non-indifference as opposed to non interference in each other's affairs and an emphasis on human security as opposed to traditional regime security" (p 2).
RECONCILIATION IN ZIMBABWE: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN A STATE-CENTRED AND PEOPLECENTRED APPROACH
Authors: Murambadoro Ruth , Wielenga Cori
Published: June 2021

Reconciliation has become an integral part of the post-conflict peacebuilding process, and has come to be seen as an integral part of sustaining peace and security, particularly at the local level. The tension between a state security and human security approach to peacebuilding is particularly evident in national reconciliation and transitional justice processes. There is a continued emphasis on high-level reconciliation processes and the reconciliation of elite actors over processes that facilitate reconciliation at the  community level. This article explores this in the case of Zimbabwe, where the emphasis is on a state-based approach to resolving conflict, which fails to take into account or address the needs and issues that affect local communities. Drawing from fieldwork undertaken in Matabeleland in April, 2014, this article describes what community members identify as their central needs when it comes to reconciliation, within the context of the state-driven processes that have been implemented to date.