bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of reducing joint stiffness by blocking collagen fibrillogenesis in a rabbit model of posttraumatic arthrofibrosis
Authors: Steplewski Andrzej , Fertala Jolanta , Tomlinson Ryan E. , Wang Mark L. , Donahue Allison , Arnold William V. , Rivlin Michael , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Abboud Joseph A. , Namdari Surena , Fertala Andrzej
Published: September 2021

Posttraumatic fibrotic scarring is a significant medical problem that alters the proper functioning of injured tissues. Current methods to reduce posttraumatic fibrosis rely on anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agents with broad intracellular targets. As a result, their use is not fully effective and may cause unwanted side effects. Our group previously demonstrated that extracellular collagen fibrillogenesis is a valid and specific target to reduce collagen-rich scar buildup. Our previous studies showed that a rationally designed antibody that binds the C-terminal telopeptide of the α2(I) chain involved in the aggregation of collagen molecules limits fibril assembly in vitro and reduces scar formation in vivo. Here, we have utilized a clinically relevant arthrofibrosis model to study the broad mechanisms of the anti-scarring activity of this antibody. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of targeting collagen fibril formation on the quality of healed joint tissues, including the posterior capsule, patellar tendon, and subchondral bone. Our results show that blocking collagen fibrillogenesis not only reduces collagen content in the scar, but also accelerates the remodeling of healing tissues and changes the collagen fibrils’ cross-linking. In total, this study demonstrated that targeting collagen fibrillogenesis to limit arthrofibrosis affects neither the quality of healing of the joint tissues nor disturbs vital tissues and organs.
Multimodal imaging and functional analysis of the chick NMDA retinal damage model
Authors: Heisler-Taylor Tyler , Wan Richard , Urbanski Elizabeth G. , Hamadmad Sumaya , Shah Mohd Hussain , Wilson Hailey , Racine Julie , Cebulla Colleen M.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The chick is rapidly becoming a standardized preclinical model in vision research to study mechanisms of ocular disease. We seek to comprehensively evaluate the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) model of excitotoxic retinal damage using multimodal imaging, functional, and histologic approaches in NMDA-damaged, vehicle-treated, and undamaged chicks.

Methods

Chicks were either left undamaged in both eyes or were injected with NMDA in the left eye and saline (vehicle) in the right eye. TUNEL assay was performed on chicks to assess levels of retinal cell death one day post-injection of NMDA or saline and on age-matched untreated chicks. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed weekly on chicks and age-matched controls day 1 (D1) up to D28 post-injection. Light adapted electroretinograms (ERG) were performed alongside SD-OCT measurements on post-injection chicks along with age-matched untreated controls.

Results

Untreated and vehicle-treated eyes had no TUNEL positive cells while NMDA-treated eyes accumulated large numbers of TUNEL positive cells in the Inner Nuclear Layer (INL), but not other layers, at D1 post injection. Significant inner retina swelling or edema was found on SD-OCT imaging at D1 post-injection which resolved at subsequent timepoints. Both the INL and the inner plexiform layer significantly thinned by one-week post-injection and did not recover for the duration of the measurements. On ERG, NMDA-treated eyes had significantly reduced amplitudes of all parameters at D1 with all metrics improving over time. The b-wave, oscillatory potentials, and ON/OFF bipolar responses were the most affected with at least 70% reduction immediately after damage compared to the fellow eye control.

Conclusion

This study establishes a normative baseline on the retinal health and gross functional ability as well as intraocular pressures of undamaged, vehicle-treated, and NMDA-damaged chicks to provide a standard for comparing therapeutic treatment studies in this important animal model.
The late endosome-resident lipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate is a cofactor for Lassa virus fusion
Authors: Markosyan Ruben M. , Marin Mariana , Zhang You , Cohen Fredric S. , Melikyan Gregory B.
Published: September 2021

Arenavirus entry into host cells occurs through a low pH-dependent fusion with late endosomes that is mediated by the viral glycoprotein complex (GPC). The mechanisms of GPC-mediated membrane fusion and of virus targeting to late endosomes are not well understood. To gain insights into arenavirus fusion, we examined cell-cell fusion induced by the Old World Lassa virus (LASV) GPC complex. LASV GPC-mediated cell fusion is more efficient and occurs at higher pH with target cells expressing human LAMP1 compared to cells lacking this cognate receptor. However, human LAMP1 is not absolutely required for cell-cell fusion or LASV entry. We found that GPC-induced fusion progresses through the same lipid intermediates as fusion mediated by other viral glycoproteins–a lipid curvature-sensitive intermediate upstream of hemifusion and a hemifusion intermediate downstream of acid-dependent steps that can be arrested in the cold. Importantly, GPC-mediated fusion and LASV pseudovirus entry are specifically augmented by an anionic lipid, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), which is highly enriched in late endosomes. This lipid also specifically promotes cell fusion mediated by Junin virus GPC, an unrelated New World arenavirus. We show that BMP promotes late steps of LASV fusion downstream of hemifusion–the formation and enlargement of fusion pores. The BMP-dependence of post-hemifusion stages of arenavirus fusion suggests that these viruses evolved to use this lipid as a cofactor to selectively fuse with late endosomes.
Hepatitis C virus induces oxidation and degradation of apolipoprotein B to enhance lipid accumulation and promote viral production
Authors: Wang Bei , Zhu Yue , Yu Congci , Zhang Chongyang , Tang Qing , Huang He , Zhao Zhendong
Published: September 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces the degradation and decreases the secretion of apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Impaired production and secretion of ApoB-containing lipoprotein is associated with an increase in hepatic steatosis. Therefore, HCV infection-induced degradation of ApoB may contribute to hepatic steatosis and decreased lipoprotein secretion, but the mechanism of HCV infection-induced ApoB degradation has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we found that the ApoB level in HCV-infected cells was regulated by proteasome-associated degradation but not autophagic degradation. ApoB was degraded by the 20S proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent manner. HCV induced the oxidation of ApoB via oxidative stress, and oxidized ApoB was recognized by the PSMA5 and PSMA6 subunits of the 20S proteasome for degradation. Further study showed that ApoB was degraded at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated lipid droplets (LDs) and that the retrotranslocation and degradation of ApoB required Derlin-1 but not gp78 or p97. Moreover, we found that knockdown of ApoB before infection increased the cellular lipid content and enhanced HCV assembly. Overexpression of ApoB-50 inhibited lipid accumulation and repressed viral assembly in HCV-infected cells. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of ApoB degradation and lipid accumulation during HCV infection and might suggest new therapeutic strategies for hepatic steatosis.
Picturing a Pandemic: Art and Activism of Survival on Screen from the Women’s Health, LGBTQIA, Crip and Decolonial Archive
Authors: Mcstravick Conal , Fung Richard
Published: September 2021

Picturing a Pandemic: Art and Activism of Survival on Screen from the Women’s Health, LGBTQIA, Crip and Decolonial Archive was an online exhibition series hosted by LUX during the first UK national lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which between April and October 2020 set out to share screenings, texts and discussions curated by artist and writer Conal McStravick.
Reflecting on grounded: A lens on COVID through Screendance
Authors: Kappenberg Claudia , Moran Fiontán
Published: September 2021

Like much of the United Kingdom, arts communities in the South East were largely paralysed during the lockdown in spring 2020 through the temporary closure of venues in Brighton, the Towner Eastbourne, the De La Warr Pavilion Bexhill, Hastings Contemporary and Hastings Museum, and numerous smaller arts, music and theatre venues along the coast. Many gallery staff were on furlough and online content tended to be provided by larger institutions elsewhere, apart from grassroots activities such as Hasting’s Isolation Station broadcast on Facebook. The closure of arts institutions all along the East Sussex Coast and the absence of their habitual signalling felt like an inverse phenomenon and uneasy foreboding. grounded was devised in response to this regional silence and the curators, Claudia Kappenberg and Fiontán Moran reflected on the project for MIRAJ.
Alternative Approach to Women Economic and Social Development
Authors: Bekele Tessema
Published: September 2021

Studies on women entrepreneurship have witnessed rapid growth over the past 30 years. The field is in an adolescence stage with a considerable number of journal articles, literature reviews, and books being published on women entrepreneurs. The article seeks to draw and shed light on the work of women in the community to set out an activity theory framework for the analysis of entrepreneurs engaged in the creation of new business ventures by women groups that are mediated through a range of strategies, initiating different business models implemented by women-led groups to ensure sustainable economic activities. Key stakeholders, women-led associations, corporate ventures, business development practitioners, civil society leaders, and local government officials are involved in brainstorming and discussion sessions to validate data and information.
Artificial Intelligence applied on the basis of powering of vessel and its operational and management aspects
Authors: Singh Amit , Saxena Sarthak , Chowdhary Ritika , Pal Rishant , Kumar Monu , Kumar Durgesh , Raj Sambhavi
Published: September 2021

Oceans are consequential provenance of resources, transportation and bio-diversity on a grand scale. Humankind uses oceans for various motives such as haulage, victuals, trade, mineral extraction, power generation, warfare, sustention and leisure. Many of these activities fabricate marine pollution and straining in sustaining aquatic life, despite several protection barriers.
Corn starch doped with sodium iodate as solid polymer electrolytes for energy storage applications
Authors: Awang Fatin Farhana , Hassan Mohd Faiz , Kamarudin Khadijah Hilmun
Published: September 2021

The concern about environmental problems has inspired a of energy storage devices from natural sources. In this study, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films made from corn starch doped with different compositions of sodium iodate (NaIO3) were prepared via the solution casting technique. The effect of dopants on the structure, morphology and electrical properties of SPE films was analysed using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. From the XRD, it shows that the amorphous state would influence the conductivity values of SPE films. Then, the SEM observations revealed that the films seem to be rough, porous and having branch structure, which may affect the conductivity of SPE films. The maximum conductivity of SPE film is obtained from 3 wt.% of NaIO3 with a value of 1.08 × 10−4 Scm−1 at room temperature (303K). From the results, this SPE is proposed to have a great potential in future energy storage applications.
Performance characteristics of Hopkinson’s set-up pneumatic launcher
Authors: Sobczyk Kamil , Kruszka Leopold , Chmielewski Ryszard , Rekucki Ryszard
Published: September 2021

The paper presents a performance characteristics of a pneumatic launcher, which is an important element of the split Hopkinson bar set-up (SHPB) at the Department of Military Engineering and Infrastructure (the Military University of Technology in Warsaw) for the purpose of dynamic strength tests of construction materials. The process of experimental calibration of the launcher for selected loading bar-projectiles is shown. Two types of compression during direct impact tests were also used simultaneously to investigate the behaviour of metallic samples with the use of this launcher as well as the Hopkinson measuring bar: the first — a short cylindrical sample, including a miniature (small diameter) sample, and the second — a long cylindrical sample (Taylor test). The relationships describing the stress and strain state as a function of strain rate for the first type of the experiment and engineering empirical formulas for the second type of the research were given.
Impacto psicológico de la pandemia COVID-19 en cinco países de Latinoamérica
Authors:   Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Palomera-Chávez Andrés , Herrero Marta ,   Departamento de Psicología Social y del Desarrollo. Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, España, Carrasco Tapias Nayib Ester ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia, Juárez-Rodríguez Pedro ,   Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Barrales Díaz Claudio Rodolfo ,   Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile, Hernández-Rivas María Isabel ,   Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Llantá Abreu María del Carmen ,   Instituto Nacional de Psicooncología y Radiobiología, Sección Psicooncología y Trabajo Social, La Habana, Cuba, Lorenzana Montenegro Lucia ,   Asociación Guatemalteca de Psicología, Guatemala, Guatemala, Meda-Lara Rosa Martha ,   Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, Moreno-Jiménez Bernardo ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
Published: September 2021

Introducción: El distanciamiento social y la cuarentena han probado tener efectos negativos en la salud mental de las poblaciones, a saber: miedo, ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de estrés postraumático. La resiliencia emerge como variable amortiguadora del impacto. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el impacto psicológico del COVID-19 en varios países latinoamericanos. Método: se obtuvo una muestra de 1184 participantes de México, Cuba, Chile, Colombia y Guatemala; cuya edad osciló entre 18 y 83 años (M = 38.78, DT = 13.81). Se aplicó una encuesta sobre síntomas médicos asociados al COVID-19 con tres instrumentos para evaluar: (1) síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, (2) impacto del evento y (3) resiliencia. Resultados: Las personas más jóvenes, con mayor cantidad de síntomas médicos y con mayores puntajes de impacto del evento tienden a presentar mayor sintomatología depresiva,ansiosa y estrés, siendo el impacto del evento el predictor más determinante. La resiliencia fue el predictor protector contra la depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran las diferencias en la respuesta psicológica ante la pandemia del COVID-19 en cada país, y sugieren la necesidad del desarrollo de políticas públicas enfocadas en la prevención y la promoción de la salud integral ante emergencias sanitarias.
Emulator for data analytics and IoT development projects
Authors: Sánchez Martin Andrés Armando , Barreto Santamaría Luis Eduardo , Ochoa Ortiz Juan José , Villanueva Navarro Sebastián Enrique
Published: September 2021

One of the difficulties for the development and testing of data analysis applications used by IoT devices is the economic and temporary cost of building the IoT network, to mitigate these costs and expedite the development of IoT and analytical applications, it is proposed NIOTE, an IoT network emulator that generates sensor and actuator data from different devices that are easy to configure and deploy over TCP/IP and MQTT protocols, this tool serves as support in academic environments and conceptual validation in the design of IoT networks. The emulator facilitates the development of this type of application, optimizing the development time and improving the final quality of the product. Object-oriented programming concepts, architecture, and software design patterns are used to develop this emulator, which allows us to emulate the behavior of IoT devices that are inside a specific network, where you can add the number of necessary devices, model and design any network. Each network sends data that is stored locally to emulate the process of transporting the data to a platform, through a specific format and will be sent to perform Data Analysis.
Yuval Noah Harari, from Animals into Gods. A Brief History of Humankind. Bogotá: Penguin Random House, 2017
Authors: López González Rosendo , Ramírez Valencia Astrid
Published: September 2021

Yuval Noah Harari, from Animals into Gods
Distributed Fault Diagnosis System based on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Rosero García Javier Alveiro , Caballero Peña Jairo Andrés
Published: September 2021

This article presents the development of a distributed fault diagnosis and monitoring system whose remote nodes are responsible for data collection and distributed analysis to identify problems that could lead to critical faults in industrial processes or systems. The developed intelligent remote node was implemented with MCU LPCXpresso54114 connected to a ZigBee protocol wireless sensor network through XBee communication module. The gateway node is a Raspberrry PI with HTTP communication and JSON format to the PI System industrial monitoring system database. Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) was implemented and validated to identify interturn faults of induction motors. The developed platform is a tool to perform comparison and validation of analysis techniques, indicators, and fault classification, because there are different combinations that can be applied to improve diagnosis reliability, fault observability, differentiation between fault conditions, classification accuracy, tolerance to transients, sensitivity, among others.
Biomedical Engineering: experiences in the research formation with MOODLE
Authors: Regueiro Gómez Angel , Busoch Morlán Carmen Brígida , Regueiro Busoch Carmenchu , Díaz Martínez René Joaquín
Published: September 2021

The work shows the didactic experiences reached in the research formation of biomedical engineers in the Technological University of Havana (Cujae), during the development of courses (Project of Research I and II) in the Biomedical Engineering program, that contribute to the scientific and methodological development of the Work of Diploma like act of culmination of the university studies, with the integrated employment of the resources of a Learning Management System: MOODLE (Forum, Dynamic Presentations, Videos, WIKI, Tasks, Surveys, Questionnaires, etc.) and the Teaching Based in Problems (EBP), to achieve the appropriate motivation and research formation in the students from the curriculum.
Predicting the protective humoral response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Meschi Silvia , Matusali Giulia , Colavita Francesca , Lapa Daniele , Bordi Licia , Puro Vincenzo , Leoni Bruno D. , Galli Claudio , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Castilletti Concetta
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Simple and standardized methods to establish correlates to vaccine-elicited SARS-CoV-2 protection are needed.

Methods

An observational study on antibody response to a mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty) was performed on health care workers (V, n=120). Recovered COVID-19 patients (N, n=94) were used for comparison. Antibody response was evaluated by a quantitative anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD) commercial assay and by virus microneutralization test (MNT), in order to establish a threshold of anti-RBD binding antibody units (BAU) able to predict a robust (≥1:80) MNT titer.

Results

Significant correlation between BAU and MNT titers was found in both V and N, being stronger in V (rs=0.91 and 0.57 respectively, p<0.001); a higher incremental trend starting from MNT titer 1:80 was observed in the V group. The 99% probability of high MNT titer (≥1:80) was reached at 1,814 and 3,564 BAU/mL, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.99 (CI: 0.99–1.00) and 0.78 (CI: 0.67–0.86) in V and N, respectively.

Conclusions

A threshold of 2,000 BAU/mL is highly predictive of strong MNT response in vaccinated individuals and may represent a good surrogate marker of protective response. It remains to be established whether the present results can be extended to BAU titers obtained with other assays.
О некоторых вопросах политической экономии в славянских странах
Authors: Рудый Кирилл Валентинович
Published: September 2021

Это междисциплинарное политэкономическое исследование проведено на примере славянских стран за период с 1991 по 2019 гг. Общих правил влияния электоральных периодов на экономическую политику и экономического роста на политические предпочтения для всех славянских стран установлено не было. Но, выявлен ряд особенностей: а) в славянских странах по сравнению с неславянскими странами с транзитивной экономикой в электоральные периоды наблюдалась более высокая инфляция, а также более активное использование денежной массы и бюджетных инструментов; б) в славянских странах в меньшей степени, чем в неславянских странах отмечалось влияние экономического роста на предпочтения политической системы «экспертов»; в) в восточнославянских странах Беларуси, России, Украины не было найдено общей политэкономической компоненты, но наблюдались особенности влияния экономических и политических событий на политические предпочтения.
Славистические исследования в России
Authors: Никифоров Константин Владимирович
Published: September 2021

Научное изучение славян началось в России с начала XIX в., когда в российских университетах открылись кафедры истории и литературы славянских наречий, а в славянские страны были направлены русские ученые. Одновременно в этих странах происходило славянское Возрождение, связанное с борьбой за национальное освобождение и восстановление государственности. В этой борьбе славяне рассчитывали на поддержку России и взаимопомощь. Сто лет российское славяноведение последовательно развивалось, однако после революции 1917 г. оно пришло в полный упадок. Эпизодом осталась попытка создания в Ленинграде академического Института славяноведения. Лишь военная угроза и сама война привели к возрождению славистики – сначала в виде славянских кафедр московского и ленинградского университетов, а затем в 1947 г. академического Института славяноведения в Москве. С тех пор именно он олицетворяет российское славяноведение. Институт прошел четыре этапа развития, включая современный, который еще не закончился.
«Священная риторика о тропах и фигурах» (1798) из собрания Российской национальной библиотеки
Authors: Маркасова Елена Валерьевна
Published: September 2021

«Священная риторика» 1798 года является чрезвычайно ценным источником по истории лингвистических учений не столько потому, что это трактат, содержащий наиболее подробное описание фигур речи в России XVII и XVIII вв. сколько из-за его особого статуса в русской риторической традиции. Сама идея включения фигур речи в учебные программы всегда подвергалась жесткой критике в России. В XIX в. господствовало убеждение, что для совершенствования искусства проповеди нет необходимости изучать фигуры речи, потому что сам Господь может вложить нужные слова в уста проповедника. Поэтому русская версия «Rhetorica Sacra» была отвергнута традицией преподавания риторики и осталась как самой полной, так и самой невостребованной риторикой в России этого периода. Русская версия этой риторики должна быть внимательно изучена и тщательно проанализирована. Рукопись с ее примечаниямм чрезвычайно интересна для истории как лингвистического, так и интеллектуального взаимодействия русской и европейской риторических традиций. «Священная риторика» была нестандартным, маргинальным текстом русского риторического канона, поэтому изучение ее истории и содержания может обогатить представления о формировании лингвистики как науки.
Numerical Analysis of a Finite Element Approximation to a Level Set Model for Free-Surface Flows
Authors: Chacón Rebollo Tomás , Gómez Mármol Macarena , Sánchez Muñoz Isabel
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we study a finite element discretization of a Level Set Method formulation of free-surface flow.
We consider an Euler semi-implicit discretization in time and a Galerkin discretization of the level set function.
We regularize the density and viscosity of the flow across the interface, following the Level Set Method.
We prove stability in natural norms when the viscosity and density vary from one to the other layer and optimal error estimates for smooth solutions when the layers have the same density.
We present some numerical tests for academic flows.
Practice Report “Smart Disaster Management” — Combining Smart City Data and Citizen Participation to Increase Disaster Resilience
Authors: Wessel Daniel , Holtz Julien , König Florian
Published: September 2021

Smart cities have a huge potential to increase the everyday efficiency of cities, but also to increase preparation and resilience in case of natural disasters. Especially for disasters which are somewhat predicable like floods, sensor data can be used to provide citizens with up-to-date, personalized and location-specific information (street or even house level resolution). This information allows citizens to better prepare to avert water damage to their property, reduce the needed government support, and — by connecting citizens locally — improve mutual support among neighbors.

But how can a smart city application be designed that is both usable and able to function during disaster conditions? Which smart city information can be used? How can the likelihood of mutual, local support be increased? In this practice report, we present the human-centered development process of an app to use Smart City data to better prepare citizens for floods and improve their mutual support during disasters as a case study to answer these questions.
Acclimatization studies for degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye and its treatment in moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Khapre Akhilesh , Thakur Chandrakant , Chaudhari Parmesh Kumar
Published: September 2021

In this study, acclimatization of microorganisms for the degradation of Acid Red 3BN dye bearing water (AR3BNDW) using activated sludge was performed in a cylindrical aerobic reactor. The initial value of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dye, and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) of activated sludge were evaluated as 870.5, 80.6 and 1200 mg/L The experiments were performed at ambient temperature (25–35 °C) and the stabilization was achieved at 15 d. Maximum reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color were observed to be 94.2%, and 91% after 15 d of acclimatization. After completion of acclimatization process, degradation of dye was studied in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). In the process, 38, 50, 68 and 76% color reduction were achieved with polymer carrier fill ratio (FR) of 40, 50, 60 and 70%, respectively in 24 h. For effluent flow rate of 180, 240, 300 and 360 mL/h, respectively, the dye reductions of 76, 60, 48 and 36% and COD reductions of 72, 58, 46 and 34% were achieved in 24 h
Using nonlinear ring resonators for designing an all optical comparator
Authors: Etebari Amir , Alipour-Banaei Hamed , Andalib Alireza
Published: September 2021

An all optical comparator is designed based on photonic crystals. The proposed structure was designed based on optical threshold switching that is realized using three nonlinear ring resonators. All nonlinear rings have the same optical characteristics, such that they can drop low intensity (as low as 0.5 W/μm2) optical waves at 1550 nm, but cannot drop the optical waves with optical intensity of 1 W/μm2. For the proposed structure the rise and fall time are about 2 and 1 ps, respectively. Therefore the bit rate is about 167 GHz and the ON/OFF contrast ratios for O1, O2, and O3 are 13.5, 13.6, and 13.3 dB, respectively.
Kant and the Possibility of Transcendental Freedom
Authors: Onof Christian
Published: September 2021

What does Kant claim to have shown in the Resolution of the Third Antinomy (RTA)? A recent publication by Bernd Ludwig shows the shortcomings of a fairly broad interpretative consensus around the claim that all that is at stake in the RTA is the mode of logical possibility. I argue that there is a lack of clarity as to what logical possibility, and that the real possibility of transcendental freedom (TF) is examined in much of the RTA. Ludwig’s own proposal that Kant shows the real possibility of TF however faces major problems. I formulate an alternative proposal that pays due attention to the claim of the antinomy’s thesis, the evolution of the argument of the RTA, and Kant’s later textual references to it. This also deals with the thorny issue of the relation between practical and TF.
Long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the activation of NF-κB pathway in high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells by the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis
Authors: Dong Qianlan , Wang Qiong , Yan Xiaohui , Wang Xiaoming , Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Linping
Published: September 2021

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common diabetic complication. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as essential regulators in DN progression. This study is devoted to the research of lncRNA-myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) in DN.

Methods

DN cell model was established by high glucose (HG) treatment for human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Cell viability and colonizing capacity were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed via caspase-3 detection and flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for evaluating inflammation. The protein determination was completed using western blot. MIAT, microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p), and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) levels were all examined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Intergenic binding was verified using dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays.

Results

HG induced the inhibition of cell growth, but accelerated apoptosis and inflammation as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. MIAT reestablishment prevented the HG-induced cell damages and NF-κB signal activation. Mechanistically, MIAT was proved as a miR-182-5p sponge and regulated the expression of GPRC5A that was a miR-182-5p target. The rescued experiments demonstrated that MIAT downregulation or miR-182-5p upregulation aggravated the HG-induced cell damages and activated the NF-κB pathway via the respective regulation of miR-182-5p or GPRC5A.

Conclusion

Taken together, MIAT functioned as an inhibitory factor in the pathogenesis to impede the development of DN and inactivate the NF-κB pathway via regulating the miR-182-5p/GPRC5A axis.
Ultraviolet second harmonic generation from Mie-resonant lithium niobate nanospheres
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Liu Zhuojun , Xiang Jin , Chen Bo , Wei Yuming , Liu Wenjing , Xu Yi , Lan Sheng , Liu Jin
Published: September 2021

Lithium niobate (LN), as a nonlinear material with a large nonlinear susceptibility, has been widely employed in second harmonic generation (SHG) up to ultraviolet (UV) frequency range due to its broad low-absorption window. In nanophotonics, it is possible to harness the Mie resonances associated with the single dielectric particles to boost the nonlinear light–matter interactions. Here, we fabricate single Mie-resonant LN nanospheres on a SiO2 substrate via the femtosecond (fs) laser ablation technique. By exploiting the magnetic dipole (MD) Mie resonance, UV SHG from the LN nanosphere is significantly enhanced with a measured conversion efficiency of 4.45 × 10−8 under the excitation of an fs laser at 750 nm. The single LN nanospheres achieved in this work could serve as Mie resonators for building nonlinear nanophotonic devices such as frequency converters and quantum light sources, etc.
„Werde, der du bist!“. Selbsterkenntnis, Handeln und Selbstgestaltung bei Nietzsche in einem Ineditum von Georges Canguilhem
Authors: Brusotti Marco
Published: September 2021

In an unpublished text from the early postwar period, Georges Canguilhem deals with Nietzsche’s maxim “Become who you are!” Is this “apparently contradictory formula of a philosopher full of contradictions” really only seemingly inconsistent? Canguilhem regards it as a norm whose supposed metaphysical or objective content dissolves upon further analysis. So he here discerns a new instance of the same potential confusion he had already addressed in his classical essay on The Normal and the Pathological (1943). According to him, the formula “become who you are!” must not be misunderstood in a naturalistic sense, a tendency from which not even Nietzsche himself, Canguilhem thinks, was entirely free. Besides the French philosophy of his time, his philosophical inquiry into “Become who you are!” critically engages two classic German Nietzsche scholars, Ernst Bertram and Karl Jaspers, as well as the French interpreters of the latter’s philosophy of Existenz, Mikel Dufrenne and Paul Ricoeur. Finally, the paper highlights Nietzsche’s specific importance for Canguilhem and the ambivalence in his privileged relationship to the German thinker.
Sources of Nietzsche’s Knowledge and Critique of Anarchism
Authors: Brobjer Thomas H.
Published: September 2021

Hundreds of books and articles have been written on Nietzsche and anarchism, but the overwhelming number of them concern how later anarchists have viewed and have been inspired by, or have been critical of, Nietzsche. In the present contribution, I will instead emphasize how his views of anarchism changed, why he was so critical of anarchism and what were his main sources of knowledge of anarchism and the stimuli for his statements.
Nietzsche and the Aesthetics of Philosophy
Authors: Ruin Hans
Published: September 2021

The review discusses four recent books and collections that approach in different ways the role of aesthetics in Nietzsche’s work, both as a question of poetic expression and as the shaping of sensibility. They testify to a deepening interest in the processes through which he forged his unique style. This involves micro-analyses of the composition of Nietzsche’s writings from the raw material of his notebooks. It also involves biographical and material contexts, as in Tobias Brucker’s monograph on the composition of The Wanderer and His Shadow. Instead of accepting the dichotomy between a Dichterphilosoph and a philosopher for whom style was merely an instrument for formulating truths, these books display in different ways how in the case of Nietzsche this dichotomy breaks down and gives way to a widened concept of philosophical writing that includes many different genres. Other works by Nietzsche discussed are Zarathustra and The Gay Science, and also Ecce Homo. Nietzsche seduced with his art, but he also saw through the art of seduction as practiced by the artist, opting for a position beyond the conventional split between poetics and philosophy.
Hegel’s Answer to the Agrippian Trilemma
Authors: Melichar Hannes Gustav
Published: September 2021

In his Encyclopedia, the late Hegel makes the highest demands on truth and justification from the first paragraph onward. With this, Hegel takes up the skeptical challenge and believes that he can overcome this problem. However, it is not easy to see how Hegel tries to meet this challenge in the Science of Logic, which plays a fundamental role in Hegel’s encyclopedic project. The present article argues that the question of the justification of the claim to truth is a fruitful perspective for the interpretation of the Science of Logic. For this purpose Hegel’s answer to the Agrippan Trilemma is examined, which P. Franks analyzed as a basic problem for Classical German Philosophy. One possible interpretation of Hegel sees him solving the skeptical trilemma at the beginning of the Logic. The article argues against this possibility that the Logic of the Concept contains Hegel’s actual solution. This solution consists in (1) that the concept represents the principle of logic and (2) that the concept itself must be presented in the form of an apagogical argument. Finally, the article gives a reason why Hegel sees an analogy to the ontological argument in this attempt of an ultimate justification.
Common and Unique Inhibitory Control Signatures of Action-Stopping and Attentional Capture Suggest That Actions Are Stopped in Two Stages
Authors: Tatz Joshua R. , Soh Cheol , Wessel Jan R.
Published: September 2021

The ability to stop an already initiated action is paramount to adaptive behavior. Much scientific debate in the field of human action-stopping currently focuses on two interrelated questions. (1) Which cognitive and neural processes uniquely underpin the implementation of inhibitory control when actions are stopped after explicit stop signals, and which processes are instead commonly evoked by all salient signals, even those that do not require stopping? (2) Why do purported (neuro)physiological signatures of inhibition occur at two different latencies after stop signals? Here, we address both questions via two preregistered experiments that combined measurements of corticospinal excitability, EMG, and whole-scalp EEG. Adult human subjects performed a stop signal task that also contained “ignore” signals: equally salient signals that did not require stopping but rather completion of the Go response. We found that both stop- and ignore signals produced equal amounts of early-latency inhibition of corticospinal excitability and EMG, which took place ∼150 ms following either signal. Multivariate pattern analysis of the whole-scalp EEG data further corroborated that this early processing stage was shared between stop- and ignore signals, as neural activity following the two signals could not be decoded from each other until a later time period. In this later period, unique activity related to stop signals emerged at frontocentral scalp sites, reflecting an increased stop signal P3. These findings suggest a two-step model of action-stopping, according to which an initial, universal inhibitory response to the saliency of the stop signal is followed by a slower process that is unique to outright stopping.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans often have to stop their ongoing actions when indicated by environmental stimuli (stop signals). Successful action-stopping requires both the ability to detect these salient stop signals and to subsequently inhibit ongoing motor programs. Because of this tight entanglement of attentional control and motor inhibition, identifying unique neurophysiological signatures of action-stopping is difficult. Indeed, we report that recently proposed early-latency signatures of motor inhibition during action-stopping are also found after salient signals that do not require stopping. However, using multivariate pattern analysis of scalp-recorded neural data, we also identified subsequent neural activity that uniquely distinguished action-stopping from saliency detection. These results suggest that actions are stopped in two stages: the first common to all salient events and the second unique to action-stopping.
Critical Role of Astrocyte NAD+Glycohydrolase in Myelin Injury and Regeneration
Authors: Langley Monica R. , Choi Chan-Il , Peclat Thais R. , Guo Yong , Simon Whitney L. , Yoon Hyesook , Kleppe Laurel , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , Chini Claudia C. S. , Chini Eduardo N. , Scarisbrick Isobel A.
Published: September 2021

Western-style diets cause disruptions in myelinating cells and astrocytes within the mouse CNS. Increased CD38 expression is present in the cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of demyelination and CD38 is the main nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-depleting enzyme in the CNS. Altered NAD+metabolism is linked to both high fat consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identify increased CD38 expression in the male mouse spinal cord following chronic high fat consumption, after focal toxin [lysolecithin (LL)]-mediated demyelinating injury, and in reactive astrocytes within active MS lesions. We demonstrate that CD38 catalytically inactive mice are substantially protected from high fat-induced NAD+depletion, oligodendrocyte loss, oxidative damage, and astrogliosis. A CD38 inhibitor, 78c, increased NAD+and attenuated neuroinflammatory changes induced by saturated fat applied to astrocyte cultures. Conditioned media from saturated fat-exposed astrocytes applied to oligodendrocyte cultures impaired myelin protein production, suggesting astrocyte-driven indirect mechanisms of oligodendrogliopathy. In cerebellar organotypic slice cultures subject to LL-demyelination, saturated fat impaired signs of remyelination effects that were mitigated by concomitant 78c treatment. Significantly, oral 78c increased counts of oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons after focal LL-induced spinal cord demyelination. Using a RiboTag approach, we identified a uniquein vivobrain astrocyte translatome profile induced by 78c-mediated CD38 inhibition in mice, including decreased expression of proinflammatory astrocyte markers and increased growth factors. Our findings suggest that a high-fat diet impairs oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation through astrocyte-linked mechanisms mediated by the NAD+ase CD38 and highlights CD38 inhibitors as potential therapeutic candidates to improve myelin regeneration.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelin disturbances and oligodendrocyte loss can leave axons vulnerable, leading to permanent neurologic deficits. The results of this study suggest that metabolic disturbances, triggered by consumption of a diet high in fat, promote oligodendrogliopathy and impair myelin regeneration through astrocyte-linked indirect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that restoring NAD+levels via genetic inactivation of CD38 can overcome these effects. Moreover, we show that therapeutic inactivation of CD38 can enhance myelin regeneration. Together, these findings point to a new metabolic targeting strategy positioned to improve disease course in multiple sclerosis and other conditions in which the integrity of myelin is a key concern.
Apie tobulybę
Authors: Karsavinas Levas
Published: September 2021

Publikuojamas L. Karsavino lageryje rašytas rankraštis, kuriame nagrinėjami žmogaus subjektyviosios būties, mąstymo ir pažinimo, būties sąrangos, tobulos ir netobulos būties ir kiti klausimai. Aptariama Nikolajaus Kuziečio metafizika, ypač aukščiausias būties sluoksnis – priešybių sutapimo būtis. Tobulybė apibrėžiama kaip visa to, kas yra, buvo, bus ar gali būti, pilnatis. Tai visa ko vienybė, kuri aprėpia ir suturi visą būtį. Tobulybė juda, nes judėjimas yra būtis, be jo negali būti gyvenimo. Nagrinėjamas laiko ontologinis statusas: kadangi judančioji tobulybė yra laikinis (arba steigiąs laikiškumą) vyksmas, kur momentai vienas po kito atsiranda ir išnyksta, tai ramioji tobulybė turi būti visalaikinė. Šis visalaikiškumas atsispindi ir mūsų netobuloje būtyje. Keliamas klausimas, ar tobulybė savyje apima tobulėjančią būtį. Teigiama, kad tobuloji būtis turi savyje tobulėjantį netobulumą: tobulėdama, pilnatimi tapdama, Dievo iš nieko kuriamoji būtis tuo pat metu vienijasi su Dievu ir dievėja, virsta Dievu vietoj Jo, mirštančio dėl jos. Žmogus Kristuje susitinka su kuriančiuoju netobulą būtį kaip tobulėjimo priemonę ir ima dalyvauti Dievo kūryboje.
Chebyshev approximation of functions of two variables by a rational expression with interpolation
Authors: Melnychok Lev
Published: September 2021

A method for constructing a Chebyshev approximation by a rational expression with interpolation for functions of two variables is proposed The idea of the method is based on the construction of the ultimate mean-power approximation in the norm of space Lp at p¬∞ . An iterative scheme based on the least squares method with two variable weight functions was used to construct such a Chebyshev approximation. The results of test examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for constructing the Chebyshev approximation by a rational expression with interpolation.
Modeling of an elastic field scattered by an interface defect
Authors: Nazarchuk Zinoviy , Voytko Myron , Kulynych Yaroslav , Kuryliak Dozyslav
Published: September 2021

The problem of the shear-wave (SH-wave) diffraction from the semi-infinite interface defect in the rigid junction of the elastic layer and the half-space is solved. The defect is modeled by the impedance surface. The dependences of the scattered displacement field, reflection and transmission coefficients on the structure parameters are presented in analytical form. The examples of numerical modeling of field characteristics are provided.
Methods for solving the initial value problem with a two-sided estimate of the local error
Authors: Pelekh Yaroslav , Kunynets Andrii , Beregova Halyna , Magerovska Tatiana
Published: September 2021

Numerical methods for solving the initial value problem for ordinary differential equations are proposed. Embedded methods of order of accuracy 2(1), 3(2) and 4(3) are constructed. To estimate the local error, two-sided calculation formulas were used, which give estimates of the main terms of the error without additional calculations of the right-hand side of the differential equation, which favorably distinguishes them from traditional two-sided methods of the Runge- Kutta type.
Сonsideration of the signal attenuation in double-frequency sensing for rain intensity retrieval
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of the NASU, Linkova A.
Published: September 2021

Subject and Purpose. Precipitation is the main source of agricultural land moisture. The knowledge of its amount, especially during the growing season, is important information to justify necessary agronomic and land reclamation measures. The purpose of this work is to solve by regularization the inverse problem of double-frequency sensing of precipitation in the microwave range with the signal attenuation considered and analyze the influence of radar cross-section (RCS) calculation errors and the total signal attenuation measuring precision on the rain intensity retrieval results. Methods and Methodology. Numerical simulation is used in double frequency retrievals to solve the integral scattering equation by regularization methods. Results. Numerical simulation has been performed for the rain intensity retrieval with a uniform spatial profile of rain intensity in the range 1…20 mm/h. Direct and inverse iterative procedures were used for having the signal attenuation at 0.82 and 3.2 cm operating wavelengths. It has been shown that the direct iterative procedure is less effective than the inverse one. Thus, when the rain intensity exceeds 20 mm/h or when it is within 10…20 mm/h and a rain spatial extent goes over 500 m, the direct iteration scheme causes significant errors in the rain intensity retrieval. Conclusion. The analysis of the results has shown that the use of the inverse iterative procedure makes it possible to retrieve a uniform-profile rain intensity with a 25 % error for rains with a 20 mm/h intensity and a 4 km spatial extent and ± 20 % errors in the total signal attenuation and specific RCS calculated.