bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
6. Causation
Authors: Canu Højgaard Christian
Published: May 2024

Causative events are essentially agentive because they presuppose an agent to cause the event to happen. But causative events are not equally agentive. A window can be broken by a deliberate human agent, by accident, or by a physical force, each of which presupposes a different amount of force involved. This chapter investigates how Hebrew causative verbs can be measured for agency. Firstly, the two causative stem formations, hifʿil and piʿel, are analysed in order to detail how the stems vary in semantic roles and agency. Secondly, lexical causatives are investigated in light of semantic transitivity, in particular the three semantic features: instigation, volition, and affectedness.

It is argued that a hierarchy of eight semantic roles can be established with corresponding levels of agency, and the chapter concludes by associating Hebrew event structures with concrete agency scores.
Two Perspectives on Amplified Warming over Tropical Land Examined in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Duan Suqin Q. , McKinnon Karen A. , Simpson Isla R.
Published: May 2024

Climate change projections show amplified warming associated with dry conditions over tropical land. We compare two perspectives explaining this amplified warming: one based on tropical atmospheric dynamics and the other focusing on soil moisture and surface fluxes. We first compare the full spatiotemporal distribution of changes in key variables in the two perspectives under a quadrupling of CO2 using daily output from the CMIP6 simulations. Both perspectives center around the partitioning of the total energy/energy flux into the temperature and humidity components. We examine the contribution of this temperature/humidity partitioning in the base climate and its change under warming to rising temperatures by deriving a diagnostic linearized perturbation model that relates the magnitude of warming to 1) changes in the total energy/energy flux, 2) the base-climate temperature/humidity partitioning, and 3) changes in the partitioning under warming. We show that the spatiotemporal structure of warming in CMIP6 models is well predicted by the inverse of the base-climate partition factor, which we term the base-climate sensitivity: conditions that are drier in the base climate have a higher base-climate sensitivity and experience more warming. On top of this relationship, changes in the partition factor under intermediate (between wet and dry) surface conditions further enhance or dampen the warming. We discuss the mechanistic link between the two perspectives by illustrating the strong relationships between lower-tropospheric temperature lapse rates, a key variable for the atmospheric perspective, and surface fluxes, a key component of the land surface perspective.

Significance Statement

Understanding what conditions give rise to the largest magnitude of warming in response to rising CO2 concentrations is not only scientifically important but also critical from a climate impact standpoint. Two main perspectives, one focusing on atmospheric dynamics and the other focusing on land surface processes, have been proposed to explain the stronger warming associated with drier conditions in the tropics. Here, we compare and contrast these two perspectives. We demonstrate that amplified warming in CMIP6 models can largely be predicted from base-climate dryness alone in both perspectives but is further modified based on changes in the partitioning of energy between temperature and moisture. We highlight the spatiotemporal conditions where assumptions in the two perspectives hold and where deviations occur within CMIP6 climate models.
Measurement Biases in Ocean Temperature Profiles from Marine Mammal Dataloggers
Authors: Gouretski Viktor , Roquet Fabien , Cheng Lijing
Published: May 2024

The study focuses on biases in ocean temperature profiles obtained by means of Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDL recorders) and time–depth recorder (TDR) attached to marine mammals. Quasi-collocated profiles from Argo floats and from ship-based conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profilers are used as reference. SRDL temperature biases depend on the sensor type and vary with depth. For the most numerous group of Valeport 3 (VP3) and conductivity–temperature–fluorescence (CTF) sensors, the bias is negative except for the layer 100–200 m. The vertical bias structure suggests a link to the upper-ocean thermal structure within the upper 200-m layer. Accounting for a time lag which might remain in the postprocessed data reduces the bias variability throughout the water column. Below 200-m depth, the bias remains negative with the overall mean of −0.027° ± 0.07°C. The suggested depth and thermal corrections for biases in SRDL data are within the uncertainty limits declared by the manufacturer. TDR recorders exhibit a different bias pattern, showing the predominantly positive bias of 0.08°–0.14°C below 100 m primarily due to the systematic error in pressure.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this work is to improve the consistency of the data from the specific instrumentation type used to measure ocean water temperature, namely, the data from miniature temperature sensors attached to marine mammals. As mammals dive during their route to and from their feeding areas, these sensors measure water temperature and dataloggers send the measured temperature data to oceanographic data centers via satellites as soon as the mammals return to the sea surface. We have shown that these data exhibit small systematic instrumental errors and suggested the respective corrections. Taking these corrections into account is important for the assessment of the ocean climate change.
Impact of Trauma Verification Level on Management and Outcomes of Combined Traumatic Brain and Solid Organ Injuries: An NTDB Retrospective Review
Authors: Tariq Ayesha , Chawla-Kondal Bhani , Smith Elliott , Dubina Emily D. , Sheets Nicholas W. , Plurad David
Published: May 2024

Background

Level-I and level-II trauma centers are required to offer equivalent resources since “The Orange Book.” This study evaluates differences between level-I and level-II management of solid organ injury (SOI) with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of the National Trauma Data Banks from 2013 to 2021 of adult (≥18 years), blunt trauma patients with both TBI and SOI treated at level-I or level-II trauma centers.

Results

48,479 TBI and SOI patients were identified, 32,611 (67.3%) at level-I centers. Unadjusted incidence of laparotomy was higher at level I (14.5% vs 11.7%, P < 0.001), and angiography rates were similar (3.3% vs 3.4%, P 0.717). Sub-group analysis of stable patients (SBP ≥100) showed an increase in nonoperative management at level II (87.3% vs 88.7%, P < 0.001) and decrease in laparotomy (9.9% vs 8.3%, P < 0.001). On logistic regression (LR), severe TBI, high-grade SOI, and level I trauma status were predictors of laparotomy. Logistic regression showed mild/moderate TBI with high-grade SOI and level II were associated with use of angiography. Unadjusted mortality rates were slightly different (14.8% vs 13.4%, P < 0.001), but there was no association with trauma level on LR.

Discussion

Nonoperative management was seen more at level-II centers with laparotomy at level I. Subgroup analysis showed no difference in mortality in trauma levels. Matched patients for level I and II showed no statistical difference in management. Patients were treated similarly at both levels with similar outcomes and mortality.
HIV prevention and crack harm reduction using projection mapping in Mexico City
Authors: Cepeda Alice , Nowotny Kathryn M. , Frankeberger Jessica , Mora Eduardo Zafra , Natera-Rey Guillermina , Valdez Avelardo
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Crack cocaine use has increased rapidly throughout Mexico, along with rising HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among vulnerable groups. The Tirando Esquina: Interviniendo Muros de Salud (TE:IMS) project uses projection-mapping technology and is the first of its kind to reach and provide health education at an individual and community level to at-risk crack smoking populations in Mexico City.

Setting:

This intervention project took place in Mexico City.

Design:

A single-arm design was utilised.

Method:

The TE:IMS intervention used projection mapping, a community-based art form wherein 3-dimensional (3-D) images, videos and graphics are projected onto buildings in the community. A total of nine projection mapping episodes were projected and health promoters engaged individuals on the street to reinforce messaging and distribute safer crack kits. A sample of persons who use crack ( n = 58) were recruited prior to the intervention to complete pretest–posttest evaluation questionnaires.

Results:

Findings provide evidence of initial effectiveness. Decreases pre- to posttest were found in weekly crack use ( p < .05), sharing of paraphernalia ( p = .002) and use of cans as pipes ( p = .008), while increases were observed in the usage of Pyrex pipes ( p = .002). While quantitative HIV knowledge assessments did not increase significantly, qualitative data suggest the intervention made a substantial impact on perceptions and knowledge of HIV among those who interacted with the health promoters and saw the projections.

Conclusions:

TE: IMS was successful in providing health education and harm reduction strategies at a community level to at-risk crack smoking populations in Mexico City. These findings provide evidence for the initial effectiveness of innovative education and harm reduction efforts in this population.
Death traffic: The railway witnesses of Operation Reinhard
Authors: Flaws Jacob
Published: May 2024

Historian Raul Hilberg once observed of death trains: “It's just very regular traffic. Death traffic”. Though subtle, his insinuation that this death traffic represented a “new normal” is, in fact, an astute observation of a largely unresearched process whereby Polish railway workers, and locals living near railway tracks, became witnesses to the Holocaust through observing the distinctive new “traffic” flowing by their spaces of home and work. In this case study, therefore, I examine these “death traffic witnesses” to reveal how their experiences highlight a critical reality about genocide in our modern world – its ability to transform relatively banal spaces (in peacetime) into horrific ones when employed for sinister purposes. In this case, those banal spaces are the railways that cut through our modern landscapes as symbols of connection, commerce and transport; their steel rails cutting through backyards and city centres linking even remote villages with major metropolises.
Targeting the centre and (least) poor: Evidence from urban Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Majid Hadia , Shami Mahvish
Published: May 2024

Using the case of Pakistan, this article explores the distribution and politics of public goods provision in urban slums. Across slums, we find that public goods are mainly provided to households located in central slums rather than those in the urban periphery. Within slums, we find politicians target spending towards wealthy households but do not go through brokers, unlike the more-studied case of India. Overall, the article shows how electoral incentives in Pakistan are biased against programmatic public goods provision for the urban poor. Our results then point to variation in patronage politics among slums in the Global South.
Measuring Technical Efficiency and Productivity of Secondary Maternal and Child Health Hospitals in Hubei, China: Some Evidences from Hubei Province of China 2019 to 2021
Authors: Cheng Jiahui , Jia Changli , Zhang Yan , Zhu Yuhua , Wang Quan
Published: May 2024

Environmental factors like COVID-19 can have significant impact on technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) of health services provided. In this study, focusing on Maternal and Child Health (MCH) hospitals in Hubei Province of China in 2019 to 2021, we aimed to measure their TE and TFP, identify some influential environmental factors, and propose some policy recommendations. Altogether 62 secondary MCH hospitals were selected as the study sample. Four input indicators, 3 output indicators, and 4 environmental indicators were selected to analyze the panel data from 2019 to 2021. Three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) model were employed to estimate the TE and TFP of these hospitals. During 2019 to 2021, the inputs of the sample hospitals had increased, while the outputs had decreased. The inputs redundancy was negatively associated with birth rate, number of residents, and GDP per capita ( P < .05). It was positively associated with number of COVID-19 infections ( P < .05). The adjusted TE scores in 2019 to 2021 were 0.822, 0.784, and 0.803, respectively. The TFP declined in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019, with scores being 0.845 and 0.762. The technical efficiency change (TEC) scores from 2019 to 2021 were 0.926 and 1.063. The technological change (TC) scores from 2019 to 2021 were 0.912 and 0.716. During 2019 to 2021, the operation of sample hospitals had been significantly influenced by environmental factors like COVID-19 pandemic, low birth rate, number of residents, and GDP per capita. The inputs had increased but outputs had decreased, leading to an increase in inputs redundancy and a decline in TE. The TFP showed a downward trend, with TC and SEC being the priority directions for improvement. Some recommendations are made for both hospitals and government to continuously improve the TE and TFP.
Role of Body in Travel: Wheelchair Users’ Experience From a Multi-Sensory Perspective
Authors: Qiao Guanghui , Hou Songhe , Chen Qingwen , Xiang Guopeng , Prideaux Bruce
Published: May 2024

The body plays a crucial role in the experience of tourists utilizing a wheelchair, providing a constant reminder of the need to pay attention to the “body-self.” However, the mechanism behind their travel experience remains a theoretical black hole that needs to be explored. Embodiment theory offers a unique perspective for investigating the formation of the experience of tourists who use wheelchairs. This study aims to examine the body practices during tourism activities. In-depth interviews and travel notes were conducted with 24 wheelchair users and 22 travel notes, revealing that their experience can be described in three stages: body appearance, body presence, and body departure. Understanding the tourism experience of individuals with disabilities requires an approach that combines the material body and social construction perspectives. This study also offers insights into comprehending the formation of tourism experiences for other categories of tourists with disabilities. Additionally, drawing from the research findings, this study presents relevant recommendations to enhance the travel experience of tourists who use wheelchairs.
How Do Tourism Stakeholders Co-Create Destination Images with Photos on Social Media?
Authors: Zhao Yuchen , Agyeiwaah Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Previous research overwhelmingly emphasizes discrepancies in constructing destination images from different stakeholders but ignores the potential attempt for convergence. From the perspective of symbolic convergence theory, this study explores how tourism stakeholders co-create destination images with photos on social media by occupying different roles. A blended approach combining content and thematic analysis is employed to analyze submitted photos and text to a destination branding project in Macau. Results show that the themes of tourist-generated photos reflect contrasting destination images of Macau—a peaceful versus hedonistic destination. Nonetheless, these contrasting images do not lead to a disjointed overall image but bring unique pieces to complete the destination image puzzle, which contributes to a favorable destination appeal. In the co-creation process, the destination management organization (DMO) selects photos according to its strategic goals, while online viewers express their love and support through posting comments.
Religion as a natural laboratory for understanding human behavior
Authors: Moon Jordan W
Published: May 2024

What do we gain from the scientific study of religion? One possibility is that religious contexts are unique, and cognition within these contexts is worth understanding. Another possibility is that religion can be viewed as a laboratory for understanding psychology and culture more broadly. Rather than limiting the study of religion to a single context, I argue that the study of religion is useful precisely because it illuminates secular psychological and cultural processes. I first outline my practical approach to psychology and religion, focusing on how people use religion to advance mundane goals. I then discuss several domains in which studying religion has led to important insights, including culture, prejudice, and cognition. This article is an extended version of an Early Career Award address given at the International Association for the Psychology of Religion meeting in 2023 in Groningen, Netherlands.
Greening the Workplace: Examining the Relationship Between Green Talent Management and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Chinese Public Sectors
Authors: Yu Zhipiao , Zong Zhaobiao , Zheng Wang , Ma Chunhao
Published: May 2024

In pursuing sustainable development within the public sector, cultivating pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) among employees becomes paramount. While existing literature underscores the positive impact of PEBs on organizational innovation and performance, the mechanisms through which public sector organizations can effectively mobilize such behaviors remain inadequately examined. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study addresses the gap in the literature by examining the association between talent management strategies and PEBs, particularly emphasizing the emerging concept of green talent management. Based on survey data collected from 346 employees working in Chinese public sectors, there is a positive relationship between green soft talent management and employees’ PEBs, and green psychological capital is a crucial mediator. Furthermore, this study unveils the constructive moderating role of green transformational leadership in the association between green soft talent management and PEBs. The findings carry valuable theoretical and practical implications for implementing green talent management strategies.
Algorithm for sheet thickness measurement and its application to thermoformed PMMA sheet
Authors: Patil Jeet , Vasavada Jitesh , Mahajan Peeyush , Mishra Sushil
Published: May 2024

One of the evaluative criteria utilized to ascertain the quality of a thermoformed product is the ultimate thickness of the sheet achieved through the processing. In determining the visual performance of optical products such as aircraft canopy, windscreens, etc., thickness distribution is crucial. Consequently, precise thickness measurement is the most essential aspect of quality control. To measure thickness, a variety of mechanical and optical measurement systems, in addition to several manual systems, are available. The manual intervention restricts the measurement system to lesser measurements and simplifies the system to simple geometries. Furthermore, post-processing of the image or point data is necessary to obtain thickness distribution using an optical measurement system. However, manual intervention is exceptionally time-consuming and may result in inaccurate outcomes. As a result, the current investigation put forth an algorithm based on machine learning to measure the precise thickness distributions from point data obtained through the measuring system. The algorithm’s functionality is illustrated through the thermoforming of a PMMA hemispherical dome at various forming pressures. Point data for thickness measurements of the hemispherical domes were acquired using the Rapid-I system of measurement. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, the thickness distribution of the hemispherical domes was measured accurately and efficiently.
Assessing operational stability in condensed-mode fluidized bed reactor for linear low density polyethylene production: Insights from a thermoregulating water valve malfunction analysis
Authors: Liu Yi
Published: May 2024

The reliability of thermal regulation systems is crucial for ensuring the stability of condensed-mode gas-phase fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) used in the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). However, studies reporting on the practical industrial control engineering of such reactors relying on thermal equilibrium mechanisms are scarce. This study presents a thorough analysis of a hot thermoregulating water (TRW) valve-jamming incident and interprets the related phenomena and parameter changes. The effect of the catalyst activity and variations in the liquid-phase quantities on the TRW valve action are investigated in depth, and a general explanation is provided by analyzing typical distributed control system data trends and proven deductive reasoning. Results indicate that the polymerization stability is maintained by two thermal pathways. The first pathway is related to the latent (condensate)/sensible heat (gas) extraction and polymerization heat of the materials, and the second is associated with the TRW system, specifically the cold and hot TRW branches. These pathways exhibited synergistic bidirectional effects. Finally, a series of innovative measures are proposed for internal and external operations to fully prevent and respond to TRW valve malfunctions and maintain overall polymerization stability. This study enhances the dependability of linear low-density polyethylene production through advanced process optimization utilizing the Unipol prototype and offers perspectives on system engineering for polyethylene production processes.
An attention-augmented bidirectional LSTM-based encoder–decoder architecture for electrocardiogram heartbeat classification
Authors: Degachi Oumayma , Ouni Kais
Published: May 2024

Electrocardiogram (ECG) records a series of heart depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricles that manifest in waves. They are systematically deployed as a standard non-invasive tool to monitor the cardiac activity and reliably detect eventual heart diseases or any abnormal heart activity. To relief the medical staff of the burden of diagnosing long ECG records, classification algorithms have been tested and explored to give a new way for heartbeat failure detection. This paper proposes a method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract time-invariant features and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network-based sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) architecture augmented with an attention mechanism (AM) to classify the heartbeats into five classes according to the ANSI/AAMI/ISO EC57, 1998-(R)2008 standard. We also use the adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) which is a data augmentation technique to reduce the bias caused by imbalanced data. Finally, to avoid skewing the classification results, we use the inter-patient paradigm diagnosis. For verification, we used the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, the experiment achieved an accuracy rate of 99.87%. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains excellent performances for heartbeat classification task. The introduction of an AM improves the efficiency of the encoder–decoder architecture.
Endoscopic Dyeing and Plasma Coblation-Assisted Open Neck Surgery for Pyriform Fossa Branchial Apparatus Anomalies in Adults
Authors: Jia Xiao-Ying , He Kai-Xuan , Dong Yan-Bo , Liu Yu-He , Lu Cheng , Li Wan-Xin
Published: May 2024

Objective: Pyriform fossa (PF) branchial apparatus anomalies (PFBAA) are rare congenital third or fourth branchial apparatus anomalies (TBAA or FBAA). This article summarizes our paradigm in managing this condition by combining endoscopic procedures and open neck surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken concerning PFBAA cases treated at our tertiary medical institution between July 2020 and November 2023. Data were collected from case records. Three sequential steps were implemented: (1) direct laryngoscopy to identify internal orifice (IO), with injection of methylene blue into it; (2) open neck surgery to resect all inflammatory tissues, focusing on the ligation of the sinus tract out of PF; and (3) plasma coblation of IO mucosa. Results: In total, 7 cases (4 men and 3 women) were included (28-67 years old, median age 53). Presenting symptoms were various, with 6 lesions on the left and 1 on the right side. Preoperative (PO) fiberoptic laryngoscopy identified IO in 6 patients, while PO barium esophageal study identified outflow from PF in 4 patients. A preliminary diagnosis of PFBAA could be established in all cases (2 TBAA and 5 FBAA cases). Direct laryngoscopy after general anesthesia identified IO in all cases (2 on the base of PF and 5 on the apex of PF). All the surgical procedures were successful, with uneventful recovery in all the patients. No postoperative complications were observed. All the patients resumed oral fluid intake after confirmation of no pharyngeal fistula by barium esophageal study on the seventh postoperative day. The duration of follow-up was between 6 and 40 months (with a median duration of 27 months). No recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Open neck surgery, assisted by endoscopic dyeing of sinus tracts and plasma coblation of IO mucosa, is a suitable treatment for PFBAA in adults. This paradigm is effective and safe for senior surgeons.
The Efficacy and Durability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nandarathana Nikapitiye , Ranjan Jay Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background:

There is a dearth of meta-analytical studies measuring the durability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate both the effectiveness and durability of MBCT in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.

Methods:

We systematically searched six databases from June 11, 2023 to September 16, 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) of adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision or the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnostic criteria; the treatment group received the complete form of MBCT, whereas the control group received other interventions or treatment as usual; the treatment outcome focused on symptoms of depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers included studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool was applied to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. R 4.2.1 software and the “metafor” package were used to estimate the effect sizes based on mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depressive disorders at baseline and postintervention, and at postintervention and follow-up periods for both the treatment and control groups.

Result:

A total of 1,470 studies were reviewed, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an overall standardized mean difference of −0.4806 [CI: −0.7185; −0.2428] and −0.3817 [CI: −0.5407; −0.2228] for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively indicating the effectiveness of MBCT. Comparison between postintervention and follow-up or follow-up measurement showed a small and nonsignificant effect size for depression (0.0130 [CI: −0.2109; 0.2369]) and anxiety (0.0198 [CI: −0.0660; 0.1057]), suggesting that recovered symptoms in the treatment group were maintained until the follow-up evaluation.

Conclusion:

MBCT produces long-term treatment effects in the management of both depressive and anxiety disorders.

Protocol preregistration:

The current meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and got registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465494).
Delusional Procreation Syndrome: A Citation Analysis and Review from the First 12 Years of Publication
Authors: Nagaraj Anil Kumar M. , Vishwanath Rashmi , Manjunatha Narayana
Published: May 2024

Background:

Delusional procreation syndrome (DPS) consists of sequential delusions related to human procreation. It was first coined in a case series in 2010. The most common delusion among DPS is related to pregnancy. It will be interesting to look into its further research and impact on the scientific community.

Aim and methodology:

We performed a citation analysis using the search term “delusional procreation syndrome.” For the citation, we searched Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Results and conclusion:

Citation analysis found that 12 other articles have cited the original publication in different contexts and were published on all continents except South America. Apart from the primary article, the subsequent citations reported the delusion of delivery, the delusions of polygamy in proxy, twin delivery, and triplet pregnancy. Thus, DPS remains an interesting and active area of research.
Parental Expectations and Fear of Negative Evaluation Among Indian Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism
Authors: Menon Sanjana , Aiswarya V. R.  , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath
Published: May 2024

Background:

Contrary to traditional notions of emerging adulthood as a period free from parental pressures, the prolonged transition to adulthood in contemporary society implies that parental influence remains a significant factor in the lives of emerging adults. This presents a potential challenge to emerging adults, as navigating independence while managing parental expectations can result in adverse psychological outcomes. The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental expectations and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and the mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism.

Method:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 466 emerging adults from India between 18 and 25 years old. They responded to the Perception of Parental Expectations Inventory, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism-Brief Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation–Straightforward Items Scale.

Results:

Correlation analyses revealed significant, positive associations between perceived parental expectations, maladaptive perfectionism, and FNE. Findings from regression analyses indicated that increased perceptions of parental expectations and maladaptive perfectionism predicted increased levels of FNE. The relationship between perceived parental expectations and FNE was fully mediated by maladaptive perfectionism.

Conclusion:

A key reason for heightened perceptions of parental expectations associated with increased FNE is that emerging adults tend to adopt unrealistic perfectionistic standards. Maladaptive perfectionism represents a vital intervention target for individuals who perceive elevated parental expectations and are at risk for FNE, offering promising avenues for promoting well-being in emerging adults.
“Collateral beauty.” Experiences and needs of professionals caring for parents continuing pregnancy after a life-limiting prenatal diagnosis: A grounded theory study
Authors: Wiesner Konstanze , Hein Kerstin , Borasio Gian Domenico , Führer Monika
Published: May 2024

Background:

Caring for parents continuing pregnancy after learning about a severe life-limiting condition in their unborn is challenging. Most existing studies focus on affected families, whereas research on the subjective experience of care professionals is scarce.

Aim:

We aimed to (1) explore experiences and needs of involved care professionals, (2) obtain information about existing care structures, and (3) identify requirements for a structured perinatal palliative care program.

Design:

Grounded Theory study using theoretical sampling. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed following the principles of grounded theory coding and situational analysis.

Setting:

A total of 18 professionals from 12 different services in Munich and surroundings participated in the study: 8 physicians, 3 midwives, 2 nurses, 1 each pregnancy counselor, grief counselor, chaplain, clinical psychologist, and undertaker.

Results:

Several organizations provide support for affected parents, but inter-institutional communication is scarce. Due to the lack of a dedicated perinatal palliative care program, professionals make immense and partly unpaid efforts to support concerned parents. Providers experience “collateral beauty” in their work despite all the suffering and grief. This includes the development of a humble attitude and feelings of gratitude toward life, the feeling of having a meaningful task and professional as well as personal growth. Requirements for a structured perinatal palliative care program include: fostering peer support, ensuring regular supervision, and enhancing interdisciplinary exchange.

Conclusions:

Perinatal palliative care demands a high level of personal engagement but is experienced as highly rewarding by care professionals.
Investigating the sensitivity of dual-phase steel microstructure to continuous annealing line parameters
Authors: Bandi Bharath , Slater Carl , Farrugia Didier , Dastur Pedram , Davis Claire
Published: May 2024

The mechanical properties of dual-phase (DP) steels are influenced by ferrite grain size, martensite distribution/morphology, and strength differences between ferrite/martensite phases. A sensitivity study was conducted on a continuous annealing line cycle of DP steel manufacturing process to understand the effect of individual segments on the final microstructural features. From the study results, an optimised cycle was developed to obtain a DP steel microstructure with reduced martensite banding, fine ferrite grain size and less untempered martensite. The main modifications are austenite soaking temperature above Ac3 temperature, higher cooling rate of the slow cooling stage, increased soak time at ferrite soaking temperature, and higher over-aging temperature. The optimised cycle produced DP steel microstructure with reduced martensite banding at a similar phase fraction (35%) and decreased ferrite grain size from 8.4 to 5.1 µm. This improved the mechanical properties, increasing tensile strength from 789 ± 21 to 831 ± 14 MPa and total elongation from 15 ± 3 to 20 ± 2%.
Green library practices in selected academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Ismail Olatunji , Oladayiye Precious Oluwagbemi , Odunayo Ayomide Oluwatobilola , Omolokun Bukola Funmilayo , Fakorede Eniola Yusrah , Olayinka Isaac Oriyomi , Eiriemiokhale Kennedy Arebamen
Published: May 2024

This study investigated green library practices in selected academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study adopted an exploratory design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 18 librarians as the participants for the study, and the interview method was adopted for data collection. The findings reveal that all the academic libraries engaged in the fumigation of their environment to preserve library resources, and the level of adoption of information and communications technology resulted in the libraries having a high carbon footprint. The results also show that the academic libraries engaged in resource-sharing for economic sustainability and that they have value for their users in terms of social and cultural support. It is recommended that university management teams provide adequate funding to develop eco-friendly practices in university libraries, and that academic libraries provide solar systems to all their library units to enhance environmentally conscious practices.
Analyzing a Multilayer Comprehensive Passenger Transport Network Through Overlapping Community Detection
Authors: Xie Fengjie , Ma Ruiyi , Cao Yuwei , Ren Cuiping , Zhou Xueyan
Published: May 2024

To analyze comprehensive passenger transport systems, we abstracted five modes of passenger transportation to construct a multilayer comprehensive passenger transport network (MCPTN). The MCPTN is a heterogeneous network that combines high-speed railways, ordinary railways, expressways, national highways, and air passenger transport subnetworks. Travel efficiency is defined as the intra-layer edge weight, whereas transfer efficiency is defined as the inter-layer edge weight in the MCPTN. Owing to the large-scale and complex structure of a MCPTN, nodes often play a role in multiple communities within the network. Considering intra- and inter-layer relationships, we propose an overlapping community detection method and introduce the cross-layer cost into the calculation of link pair similarities. By comparing the density of the network community before and after introducing the cross-layer cost, we found that our method could identify overlapping communities more accurately. The results showed that the network was divided into fifty-three groups of overlapping communities, forming 344 overlapping node cities. Forty-eight influential node cities were found to maximize the MCPTN connectivity. Meanwhile, some influential node cities have imbalanced comprehensive transport systems, and the connectivity between the regions is weak. Finally, the weaknesses of the MCPTN are identified, and optimization suggestions are presented. We proposed an innovative method for detecting overlapping communities in multilayer heterogeneous networks. This study introduces new ideas to address interconnection issues in MCPTNs, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing, designing, and maintaining comprehensive passenger transport systems.
Deep-Learning-Based Microscopic Approach for Road Traffic Congestion Classification in Highway and Urban Roads Under Adverse Conditions
Authors: Khalladi Sofiane Abdelkrim , Ouessai Asmâa , Benamara Nadir Kamel , Keche Mokhtar
Published: May 2024

Road traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban and highway roads since it can cause various adverse effects, such as increasing travel time, elevated levels of air pollution, and a higher likelihood of traffic accidents and collisions because of congested conditions and frustrated drivers. Road traffic state estimation systems may improve traffic fluidity and thus remedy these effects. We propose, in this paper, a new microscopic approach to categorize the traffic flow into three classes: light, medium, and heavy. The microscopic parameters are extracted using vehicle monitoring, which consists of vehicle detection, using the deep-learning You Only Look Once (version 5) algorithm, and vehicle tracking. The extracted parameters are input to a classifier. Three classifiers are tested: the support vector machine, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest classifiers. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using videos from two datasets: the well-known University of California, San Diego dataset and the urban University at Albany Detection and Tracking dataset. With both datasets, we could achieve 100% classification accuracy. This highest score was obtained using only two extracted parameters and the simple KNN classifier, which reduces the computational load of the proposed method.
Data-Driven Approach to Develop a Master Plan to Prioritize Schools for the Safe Routes to School Program
Authors: Lee In Je , Sagar Shraddha , Agarwal Nithin , Srinivasan Siva , Steiner Ruth
Published: May 2024

Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programs, initiated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, aim to promote active modes of transportation (walking and cycling) among students commuting to school through several means, including infrastructure improvements and educational programs. A review of SRTS programs at the state level reveals that there is no standard framework to quantify and prioritize the needs of school districts or communities. The primary objective of the study is to develop a systematic and data-driven framework to identify site-specific infrastructure improvements that have the potential to positively affect student safety and mobility. There is limited literature on risk factors associated with bike and pedestrian crashes around schools. This study investigates roadway infrastructure and socioeconomic, demographic, and land use characteristics to identify risk factors affecting the safety of bicyclists and pedestrians around schools. The study encompasses an analysis of around 3,000 schools in the State of Florida and tests over 20 potential independent variables to develop safety performance functions assessing the safety of bicyclists and pedestrians near schools. The research reveals significant factors influencing the risk of school-related bike and pedestrian crashes, including school location, the number of schools in the service area, intersections with stop signs, retail land uses, the median age of the population in the service area, median household income, and the proportion of the white population. Practitioners can adopt the models to prioritize schools for SRTS infrastructure investments.
Recruitment in the Indian Armed Forces, 1939–1945
Authors: Yadav Narender
Published: May 2024

The British rulers pushed India into the Second World War without taking the Indians into confidence. The Indian National Congress opposed any type of co-operation with the British war effort. The political climate deteriorated with each passing day. The Quit India Movement, launched in August 1942, further aggravated the unrest. Further, the Japanese had subjugated Malaya and Burma and were threatening India. The need for augmenting the armed forces was pressing indeed. However, the moot question is how, despite the Congress’s opposition to the war, over two million Indians joined the armed forces to support the British, leading to the largest voluntary force worldwide. This article seeks to investigate the reasons for the expansion of the Indian armed forces during the war. The article also seeks to examine the impact of the large mobilisation of Indian youth. It is based on interviews and biographies of the men who joined the armed forces during the war, as well as the original records available at the National Archives of India and some other archives.
Heterostructured three-dimension MXene/short carbon fiber to enhance thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Song Yun , Li Shaowei , Liu Yujian , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2024

Polymer composites play an essential role in the field of friction materials. However, severe environment is still big challenges for their application. Three-dimension MXene/short carbon fiber (SCF) was prepared to improve the thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of epoxy resin. When the mass ratio of MXene to SCF is 1:150, the MXenes are uniformly anchored on the surface of SCF under the strong hydrogen bonding interaction, leading to stable heterostructure and abundant surface functional groups. Owing to the excellent synergy between the MXene and SCF, the modified epoxy composite exhibits superior mechanical and thermal properties, as well as high thermal conductivity. Moreover, it has excellent tribological performance with an average friction coefficient of 0.44 and a specific wear rate of 3.0 × 10-6 mm3·N-1 ⋅m-1 in 2 hours, which reduced by 35.3% and 97.1% than those of epoxy resin, respectively.
Current Applications of PET/MR: Part I: Technical Basics and Preclinical/Clinical Applications
Authors: Mirshahvalad Seyed Ali , Farag Adam , Thiessen Jonathan , Wong Rebecca , Veit-Haibach Patrick
Published: May 2024

Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging has gone through major hardware improvements in recent years, making it a reliable state-of-the-art hybrid modality in clinical practice. At the same time, image reconstruction, attenuation correction, and motion correction algorithms have significantly evolved to provide high-quality images. Part I of the current review discusses technical basics, pre-clinical applications, and clinical applications of PET/MR in radiation oncology and head and neck imaging. PET/MR offers a broad range of advantages in preclinical and clinical imaging. In the preclinic, small and large animal-dedicated devices were developed, making PET/MR capable of delivering new insight into animal models in diseases and facilitating the development of methods that inform clinical PET/MR. Regarding PET/MR’s clinical applications in radiation medicine, PET and MR already play crucial roles in the radiotherapy process. Their combination is particularly significant as it can provide molecular and morphological characteristics that are not achievable with other modalities. In addition, the integration of PET/MR information for therapy planning with linear accelerators is expected to provide potentially unique biomarkers for treatment guidance. Furthermore, in clinical applications in the head and neck region, it has been shown that PET/MR can be an accurate modality in head and neck malignancies for staging and resectability assessment. Also, it can play a crucial role in diagnosing residual or recurrent diseases, reliably distinguishing from oedema and fibrosis. PET/MR can furthermore help with tumour characterization and patient prognostication. Lastly, in head and neck carcinoma of unknown origin, PET/MR, with its diagnostic potential, may obviate multiple imaging sessions in the near future.
Influence of Time of Admission on Endovascular Thrombectomy (EVT): Comparison of Outcomes During Business Hours Versus Off-Business Hours
Authors: Puac-Polanco Paulo , Rao Megha , Bastianelli Michele , Thornhill Rebecca , Torres Carlos , Fahed Robert , Dowlatshahi Dar , Aviv Richard I.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:To investigate the differences in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) outcomes of patients treated for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) during business versus off-business hours. Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients with AIS treated with EVT from February 1, 2015, to May 31, 2021, was performed at a comprehensive stroke centre (CSC). Patients were divided into business (Monday to Friday, 8 AM-5 PM) versus off-business hours groups. The primary outcome was functional neurological disability, scored using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included the rate of successful reperfusion and procedural workflow time delays. Differences in proportions were assessed using Fisher’s exact and Chi-Square tests as appropriate. For continuous variables, differences in medians between groups were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: A total of 676 patients were included, with 399 patients (59%) comprising the off-business-hour group. No significant differences were seen in age, sex, ASPECTS score, or NIHSS at arrival. Off-business hours strokes had a longer delay between CSC arrival to groin puncture (minutes: 81 vs 44, P < .0001) and between imaging to groin puncture (minutes: 67 vs 32, P < .0001) compared to the business hours strokes. There were no differences in the rate of successful reperfusion (mTICI ≥2b) between groups (82% vs 83%, P = .61). At 90 days, 65% of patients in both groups had an mRS ≤2 ( P = .91). Conclusion: Despite workflow delays in initiating EVT during off-business hours, there were no differences in the rate of successful reperfusion or functional outcomes.