bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of iodine behavior from nuclear fuel dissolution to environmental release
Authors: Beck Chelsie L. , Cervantes Juan , Chiswell Steven , Greaney Allison T. , Johnson Katherine R. , Levitskaia Tatiana G. , Martin Leigh R. , McDaniel Gavin , Noble Stephen , Rakos Jason M. , Riley Brian J. , Ritzmann Andrew , Tingey Joel M.
Published: November 2024

During nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioiodine, can be released.
Harnessing the UiO-67 metal–organic framework for advanced detection of cadmium ions in water bodies
Authors: Selvaraj Bhuvaneswari , G. Lakshmi Priya , Balasubramanian Selva
Published: November 2024

Heavy metal ions are hazardous pollutants that pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health, making it imperative to detect and monitor their presence in water for environmental protection.
Retraction: Fabrication of novel quantum dots for the estimation of COVID-19 antiviral drug using green chemistry: application to real human plasma
Authors: Salman Baher I. , Ibrahim Adel Ehab , El Deeb Sami , Saraya Roshdy E.
Published: November 2024

Retraction of ‘Fabrication of novel quantum dots for the estimation of COVID-19 antiviral drug using green chemistry: application to real human plasma’ by Baher I. Salman et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 16624–16631, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA02241A.
Wiring proton gradients for energy conversion
Authors: Dai Xinchen , Berton Cesare , Kim Dong Jun , Pezzato Cristian
Published: November 2024

Spiropyran/merocyanine molecular switches can generate metastable proton gradients of four pH units, enabling efficient photoenergy harvesting and conversion.
Light-assisted carbon dioxide reduction in an automated photoreactor system coupled to carbonylation chemistry
Authors: Schuurmans Jasper H. A. , Masson Tom M. , Zondag Stefan D. A. , Pilon Simone , Bragato Nicola , Claros Miguel , den Hartog Tim , Sastre Francesc , van den Ham Jonathan , Buskens Pascal , Fiorani Giulia , Noël Timothy
Published: November 2024

A modular, automated photoreactor system for CO2 hydrogenation enables precise conversion into methane or carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is subsequently utilized in carbonylation reactions, advancing sustainable synthesis and CO2 utilization.
A multi-scale framework for predicting α-cyclodextrin assembly on polyethylene glycol axles
Authors: Smith Cameron D. , Ke Chenfeng , Zhang Wenlin
Published: November 2024

We predict the assembly and time-dependent distribution of cyclodextrin along PEG axles by combining atomistic molecular dynamics with an analytical treatment of bulk diffusion. Our kinetic Monte Carlo can aid in the design of polypseudorotaxanes.
Introduction to Frontiers in Electrocatalysis for Clean Energy
Authors: Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Hagfeldt Anders , Stoerzinger Kelsey A. , Yizhong Huang
Published: November 2024

Ahsanulhaq Qurashi, Anders Hagfeldt, Kelsey A. Stoerzinger and Huang Yizhong introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry A themed collection on Frontiers in Electrocatalysis for Clean Energy.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for HSP 70A mRNA detection in live cells using silica nanoparticles and DNA-modified gold nanoparticles
Authors: Cho Ju Eun , Lim Dong-Kwon
Published: November 2024

Real-time monitoring of mRNA in living cells is crucial for understanding dynamic biological processes.
Development of a xanthene-based NIR fluorescent probe for accurate and sensitive detection of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Lai Chia-Kai , Magesh Kuppan , Velmathi Sivan , Wu Shu-Pao
Published: November 2024

γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) regulates glutathione (GSH), essential for cell functions and linked to cancer.
Light-induced magnetic switching in a coumarin-based Tb single molecule magnet
Authors: Bartolomé Elena , Arauzo Ana , Luzón Javier , Gasque Laura
Published: November 2024

[Tb(coum)3(batho)]·[0.7EtOH] is a versatile multifunctional molecular material combining single-ion magnet behavior, high quantum yield luminescence and light-induced magnetic switching.
Deep‐GB: A novel deep learning model for globular protein prediction using CNN‐BiLSTM architecture and enhanced PSSM with trisection strategy
Authors: Zouari Sonia , Ali Farman , Masmoudi Atef , Ghazalah Sarah Abu , Alghamdi Wajdi , Kateb Faris A. , Ibrahim Nouf
Published: November 2024

Globular proteins (GPs) play vital roles in a wide range of biological processes, encompassing enzymatic catalysis and immune responses. Enzymes, among these globular proteins, facilitate biochemical reactions, while others, such as haemoglobin, contribute to essential physiological functions such as oxygen transport. Given the importance of these considerations, accurately identifying Globular proteins is essential. To address the need for precise GP identification, this research introduces an innovative approach that employs a hybrid‐based deep learning model called Deep‐GP. We generated two datasets based on primary sequences and developed a novel feature descriptor called, Consensus Sequence‐based Trisection‐Position Specific Scoring Matrix (CST‐PSSM). The model training phase involved the application of deep learning techniques, including the bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and convolutional neural network (CNN). The BiLSTM and CNN were hybridised for ensemble learning. The CST‐PSSM‐based ensemble model achieved the most accurate predictive outcomes, outperforming other competitive predictors across both training and testing datasets. This demonstrates the potential of harnessing deep learning for precise GB prediction as a robust tool to expedite research, streamline drug discovery, and unveil novel therapeutic targets.
Unlocking the Strength of Nanocomposites: Mitigating the Impact of Nanoparticle Agglomeration on Tensile Performance
Authors: Bhatnagar Tarang , Baxi Paramjit , Sharma Kamal , Nijhawan Ginni , Jugran Sudhir , Satyanarayana K. , Sharma Lokeshwar , Alhadrawi Merwa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the substantial impact of nanoparticle aggregation on the tensile strength of nanocomposite materials. Nanoparticles measuring between 10 nm and 30 nm were examined using deliberate controlled agglomeration. The smallest agglomeration size was 10 nm, while the largest was 30 nm, indicating a 200% increase in agglomerate size based on the characterization data. The equally dispersed nanoparticles in the control group also measure an average tensile strength of 53MPa from the tests conducted. On the other hand, observed that the tensile strengths of nanocomposites with introduced agglomerates were lower. In the current study, a 34% reduction was observed for samples with agglomerates of 30 nm to a value of 35 MPa from the control. On the other hand, the sample prepared with the agglomerates of size 10 nm and 15 nm provided 50 MPa and 45 MPa of strength, respectively. Outcome shows that tensile strength is in negative correlation with the size of agglomeration and therefore, yield that the larger agglomerate reduce the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. This study stresses that the agglomeration has to be regulated, and how the formation of nanoparticle clusters have a negative impact on the tensile strength of the nanocomposites, in order to enhance the mechanical properties of nanocomposite materials. These findings are useful in planning improved nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties for use in a wide-range of applications in engineering.
Comprehensive Physical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles: Multimodal Evaluation of Material Properties
Authors: Suri Sahil , Ghosal Shreya , Upadhyay Viyat Varun , Kansal Lavish , Dhyani Manoj , Lakshmi A. Anitha , Kumar Raman , Fallah Mohammed H.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through a variety of analytical techniques to evaluate their physical properties and potential applications. Particle size analysis, utilizing Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), consistently showed an average diameter of approximately 20-30 nanometers. Surface area assessments, conducted via BET analysis and gas adsorption, revealed a surface area ranging from 32 to 48 m²/g, indicating the nanoparticles’ applicability across various fields. Composition analysis using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the AgNPs comprised 84-94% silver content, supporting their crystalline structure. Optical properties evaluated through UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated stable absorption peaks between 410 and 440 nanometers, with plasmon resonance values from 2.82 to 3.24 electron volts (eV). Despite slight variations in light reflectivity, the uniform optical characteristics across samples suggest consistent behavior. Overall, this comprehensive characterization enhances the understanding of AgNPs, underscoring their potential in nanotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental applications.
The Nano Frontier: Emerging Technologies for Environmental Remediation and Sustainable Energy
Authors: M C Priyadarshini , Iyyanar Saranraj , Kanagaraj Kuppusamy , SD Priya , Singh Bisht Yashwant , Kumar Rohit
Published: November 2024

In the midst of heightening natural challenges and a basic surge in worldwide vitality requests, nanotechnology rises as a significant wilderness for maintainable arrangements. This audit investigates the imaginative potential of nanotechnology in tending to natural remediation and improving vitality effectiveness, subsequently progressing maintainable advancement objectives. We look at cutting-edge applications of nanomaterials that play transformative parts in detoxifying toxins through nano-adsorbents, nano-catalysts, and nano-enhanced films, and in reinforcing vitality generation with nanostructured solar powered cells, upgraded vitality capacity frameworks, and productive hydrogen generation strategies. These nano-engineered arrangements not as it were guarantee to raise natural cleanup endeavors by successfully evacuating and breaking down poisons but moreover point to revolutionize vitality frameworks by progressing the effectiveness and maintainability of vitality gathering and capacity. The blend, arrangement, and lifecycle administration of these nanotechnologies are talked about, highlighting their potential to reshape natural methodologies and vitality utilization universally. As we dig into the domains of nano- enhanced natural and vitality advancements, this survey underscores the basic part of continuous investigate, versatile applications, and eco-friendly hones in leveraging nanotechnology for a maintainable future.
Exploring the Properties and Applications of Nanomaterials in Environmental Technology: A review
Authors: V Parthipan , Prabhakaran G. , Boopathy S. , Gladson S. , thakur Gaurav , Singh Varinder
Published: November 2024

Because of their unique properties and potential uses in a wide range of industries, nanomaterials have attracted a lot of attention. The many characteristics of nanomaterials and their uses in environmental technology are examined in this article. Different kinds of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanosheets, as well as their fabrication techniques—such as chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel procedures, and green synthesis—are methodically examined in this review. The use of nanomaterials in water purification, pollution control, and environmental remediation are some of the key applications that are covered. The review focusses on the developments in nanomaterial technology as well as how they can revolutionise the way environmental issues are resolved. This analysis offers insights into the efficient application of nanomaterials for sustainable environmental solutions by examining recent research and advancements.
Synergistic Effect of Graphene and Boron Nitride on the Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composites
Authors: Ramesh Gajula , Singh Rajat , Singh Jaskirat , Vafaeva Khristina Maksudovna , Gupta Tannmay , Singh Sandeep
Published: November 2024

This work examines the combined influence of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on the electrical conductivity, mechanical characteristics, and thermal stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based hybrid polymer composites. Graphene and h-BN were exfoliated and amalgamated in different ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), thereafter integrated into the PVDF matrix at nanofiller concentrations of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 5.0 wt%. Mechanical tests demonstrated substantial improvements in tensile strength and Young’s modulus, especially for composites with a 2:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Electrical conductivity significantly enhanced with increasing nanofiller content, reaching a peak of 5.0 × 10⁻² S/m at a 5.0 wt% nanofiller concentration with a 3:1 graphene-to-h-BN ratio. Thermal stability has also improved with degradation temperatures increased by up to 70°C more as compared to PVDF. The findings demonstrate that the ideal nanofiller structure (2:Adding one graphene ratio at 5.0 wt% strikes a balance of these properties enabling the composites to be applied in electronics, sensors, and advanced structures
La méthanisation agricole saisie par les sciences humaines et sociales : transition énergétique versus transition écologique ?
Authors: Hamman Philippe , Monicolle Céline , Henck Sophie
Published: November 2024

Cet article éclaire le champ de recherche de la méthanisation agricole en interrogeant la tension qui ressort entre le répertoire de la transition énergétique et celui de la transition écologique lorsqu’on examine la territorialisation des acteurs et des processus, et non simplement la production d’énergie renouvelable. L’analyse repose sur une approche bibliométrique à partir des travaux publiés en français et en anglais – en mobilisant le logiciel libre IRaMuTeQ –, couplée à la lecture qualitative de ces articles. Loin de tout regard unique, la problématique sociétale de la méthanisation agricole s’analyse à la jonction des deux registres du projet – la territorialisation de l’enjeu se marque à la fois spatialement et par rapport à une pluralité d’acteurs en interaction – et de la production énergétique (qui s’appréhende en lien à une conformation d’opportunités et de contraintes sociales, économiques et réglementaires). Il apparaît que la méthanisation agricole est sous-étudiée en durabilité et nécessite une analyse relationnelle afin de rendre raison de la diversité des positionnements et des débats, à la fois en tant que filière d’énergie renouvelable et quant à ses impacts socioécologiques.
Foreign Ownership, Audit Committee Expertise, and Integrated Reporting Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Wandari Fathya Putri , Utami Evy Rahman
Published: November 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of foreign ownership on integrated reporting disclosure with audit committee expertise acting as a moderating variable. The population in this study was companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2022. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique with several criteria, and it resulted in 428 companies. Data processing was then carried out utilizing SPSS and through multiple regression tests. According to the analysis and testing carried out, the result obtained exhibited that foreign ownership, audit committee expertise, profitability, and firm size exerted no influence on integrated disclosure. The test results using the moderating variable, i.e., the audit committee expertise, revealed that reporting foreign ownership moderated by the audit committee expertise did not affect integrated reporting disclosure.
„lch hatte Glück, dass die Schule die Stärken der Ergotherapie gesucht hat!“ – Ergotherapeutin als Schulassistentin
Authors: Müller Julia
Published: November 2024

Caroline Schuster, seit 2013 Ergotherapeutin, hat viele Jahre in ergotherapeutischen Praxen im Bereich Pädiatrie gearbeitet. Schon damals war sie im Rahmen von Ganztagsangeboten und als Schulbegleitung im schulischen Umfeld tätig. Diese Erfahrung und ihr Wunsch, Kinder in der Schule zu unterstützen, führten sie schließlich zu einer Anstellung als Schulassistentin an einer Regelgrundschule in Sachsen. In diesem Arbeitsumfeld kann sie ihre ergotherapeutischen Fähigkeiten und Kenntnisse einbringen.
Prävention der intraoperativen Hypothermie unter Allgemeinanästhesie
Authors: Koller Florian
Published: November 2024

Während einer Operation ist die Überwachung der Vitalparameter von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dazu gehört auch die Körpertemperatur der Patienten – die allerdings der am wenigsten beachtete Parameter ist. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass die für den Patienten schwerwiegenden Folgen einer Hypothermie während der OP noch nicht ausreichend im Bewusstsein des behandelnden Teams verankert sind. Dies führte den Autor dieses Beitrags zu der Forschungsfrage, ob sich durch ein aktives perioperatives Wärmemanagement bei Patienten, die eine Allgemeinanästhesie erhalten, eine intraoperative Hypothermie vermeiden lässt.
An atomic beam of titanium produced from commercially available parts
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2024

The beam, created from a sublimation pump, opens doors for quantum physics experiments.
DeSide: A unified deep learning approach for cellular deconvolution of tumor microenvironment
Authors: Xiong Xin , Liu Yerong , Pu Dandan , Yang Zhu , Bi Zedong , Tian Liang , Li Xuefei
Published: November 2024

Cellular deconvolution via bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) presents a cost-effective and efficient alternative to experimental methods such as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) for analyzing the complex cellular composition of tumor microenvironments. Despite challenges due to heterogeneity within and among tumors, our innovative deep learning–based approach, DeSide, shows exceptional accuracy in estimating the proportions of 16 distinct cell types and subtypes within solid tumors. DeSide integrates biological pathways and assesses noncancerous cell types first, effectively sidestepping the issue of highly variable gene expression profiles (GEPs) associated with cancer cells. By leveraging scRNA-seq data from six cancer types and 185 cancer cell lines across 22 cancer types as references, our method introduces distinctive sampling and filtering techniques to generate a high-quality training set that closely replicates real tumor GEPs, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bulk RNA-seq data. With this model and high-quality training set, DeSide outperforms existing methods in estimating tumor purity and the proportions of noncancerous cells within solid tumors. Our model precisely predicts cellular compositions across 19 cancer types from TCGA and proves its effectiveness with multiple additional external datasets. Crucially, DeSide enables the identification and analysis of combinatorial cell type pairs, facilitating the stratification of cancer patients into prognostically significant groups. This approach not only provides deeper insights into the dynamics of tumor biology but also highlights potential therapeutic targets by underscoring the importance of specific cell type or subtype interactions.
Decomposing dynamical subprocesses for compositional generalization
Authors: Luettgau Lennart , Erdmann Tore , Veselic Sebastijan , Stachenfeld Kimberly L. , Kurth-Nelson Zeb , Moran Rani , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: November 2024

A striking feature of human cognition is an exceptional ability to rapidly adapt to novel situations. It is proposed this relies on abstracting and generalizing past experiences. While previous research has explored how humans detect and generalize single sequential processes, we have a limited understanding of how humans adapt to more naturalistic scenarios, for example, complex, multisubprocess environments. Here, we propose a candidate computational mechanism that posits compositional generalization of knowledge about subprocess dynamics. In two samples (
N
= 238 and
N
= 137), we combined a novel sequence learning task and computational modeling to ask whether humans extract and generalize subprocesses compositionally to solve new problems. In prior learning, participants experienced sequences of compound images formed from two graphs’ product spaces (group 1: G1 and G2, group 2: G3 and G4). In transfer learning, both groups encountered compound images from the product of G1 and G3, composed entirely of new images. We show that subprocess knowledge transferred between task phases, such that in a new task environment each group had enhanced accuracy in predicting subprocess dynamics they had experienced during prior learning. Computational models utilizing predictive representations, based solely on the temporal contiguity of experienced task states, without an ability to transfer knowledge, failed to explain these data. Instead, behavior was consistent with a predictive representation model that maps task states between prior and transfer learning. These results help advance a mechanistic understanding of how humans discover and abstract subprocesses composing their experiences and compositionally reuse prior knowledge as a scaffolding for new experiences.
Challenging a decades-old paradigm: ProB and ProA do not channel the unstable intermediate in proline synthesis after all
Authors: Newton Matilda S. , Azadeh Ashley L. , Morgenthaler Andrew B. , Copley Shelley D.
Published: November 2024

The pathway for synthesis of proline in most forms of life produces a highly unstable intermediate, γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate (GP). For nearly 70 y, channeling of this intermediate from the active site of glutamate 5-kinase to the active site of GP reductase has been believed to protect GP from cyclization to a dead-end product. However, the evidence presented in support of this idea is not conclusive. We show that changes in the structures of the kinase or reductase that should preclude a protein–protein interaction do not compromise proline synthesis in
Escherichia coli
, demonstrating that channeling does not occur. We calculate that the half-life of GP is 320 ms. Although GP is indeed unstable, it should diffuse the length of an
E. coli
cell in less than 3 ms. Thus, most GP produced by glutamate 5-kinase should encounter the active site of GP reductase before cyclization occurs.
West Iranian in historical perspective
Authors: Paul Ludwig
Published: November 2024

The development of the Persian definitive object marker -rā from Old Persian
rādī through Middle Persian benefactive rāy has been established as a model
grammaticalization process by Bossong (1985). His explanations on other modern Iranian
languages, and their interplay in the historical development, have received far less research attention. This article offers a
novel and comprehensive account of the historical development of -rā in West Iranian, from Old Persian up to
approximately 20 New Iranian languages. Based on the semantic map model, it demonstrates that concerning -rā,
most West Iranian languages can be subdivided into three typological groups, two of which represent more or less clearly defined
genetic subgroups within the continuum of West Iranian. The interplay of genetic and typological/functional factors is complex,
and open questions remain. The present study aims to provide empirical data, and to raise relevant questions, for future in-depth
studies.
Comparative analysis of electronic and thermoelectric properties of strained and unstrained IrX3 (X = P, As) skutterudite materials
Authors: Mahi F , Meghoufel Z F , Mostefa Z , Kara I , Boukra A
Published: November 2024

The electronic and thermoelectric properties of unfilled IrP3 and IrAs3 skutterudite materials under hydrostatic pressures are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Calculations of the elastic properties and phonon frequencies for both strained and unstrained materials demonstrate that they are mechanically and dynamically stable, with ductility varying depending on the applied pressure. For pressures ranging from 0 to 30 GPa, band structure calculations using the GGA+TB-mBJ approximation reveal that the band gap varies from 0.400 to 0.144 eV for IrP3 and from 0.341 to 0.515 eV for IrAs3. At 0 GPa, IrAs3 exhibits a direct band gap, whereas IrP3 has an indirect band gap. As pressure increases, IrAs3 undergoes a transition from a direct to an indirect band gap above 10 GPa, whereas IrP3 maintains its indirect band gap throughout the pressure range. Thermoelectric properties, including the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity (both electronic and lattice contributions), and relaxation time, are also computed across various pressures and temperatures ranging from 300 to 1200 K. The ideal conditions for efficient thermoelectric performence in IrAs3 are achieved at 30 GPa and 1200 K, with an optimal n-type doping concentration of 56 × 1019 cm−3, resulting in a ZT of 0.68. For IrP3, a ZT of approximately 0.46 is obtained at 600 K and 5 GPa, with a p-type doping concentration of 6.0 × 1018 cm−3. The present study provides valuable insights into the behavior of skutterudite materials under strain, offering potential pathways for enhancing their performance in practical applications.
Closed-form expressions for magnetic polarizabilities of circular apertures excited by nonuniform magnetic fields
Authors: Du Zhanpeng , Mei Jiahua , Li Tianxi , Yu Fan , Liu Haidong , Huang He , Zhang Tilu , Jiao Chongqing
Published: November 2024

The problem of electromagnetic penetration through an aperture in a perfectly electrically conducting plane is a classical problem in electromagnetic theory and applications. This work aims to investigate the behavior of an electrically small aperture when excited by nonuniform magnetic fields. Based on the Taylor expansion of the exact solution in integral form of the corresponding mixed boundary problem, we derive the equivalent magnetic dipole moment of a circular aperture. Closed-form expressions of dipole moments are derived. Also, for the special case of axisymmetric excitation where the dipole moment vanishes, we develop a quadrupole model to describe the aperture behavior. The effectiveness of the obtained expressions is verified by comparisons with accurate analytical solutions in special cases and the exact solutions in integral form.
Impact of cut-off frequency effect on resonance energy transfer and Casimir–Polder interaction
Authors: Chinh Nguyen Dung , Pham Vinh N T , Vy Nguyen Duy
Published: November 2024

Using the Green’s function approach, we investigate the resonance energy transfer (RET) rate between two parallel, identical two-level atoms in the presence of three types of cylindrical system: a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), a perfectly reflecting wall (PRW), and a two-layer silicon fiber. Our analysis, incorporating the cut-off frequency condition, reveals significant suppression of the RET rate for atoms positioned along the axis of the cylinder with the PRW. In contrast, for atoms located within the DBR, the RET rate is enhanced in the far zone. Additionally, we find that for atoms oriented radially are placed inside or near the surface of the silicon fiber, the RET rate is entirely inhibited. We also investigate the Casimir–Polder (CP) interaction between a cut-off-frequency DBR and an excited atom, discovering a fully attractive potential towards the surface for the atom within the waveguide.
Computational study of narrow bandgap double halide perovskites Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Ramay Shahid M , Haq Anwar ul , Amin Muhammad , Aslam Usma , Mushtaq Tahir , Hanif Athar , Yaseen Muhammad , Siddig Abubaker Ahmed
Published: November 2024

First-principles density functional theory (DFT) was applied to study the structure, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of a double halide perovskite Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) in the cubic Fm

3

̅

m space group 225. The stability of such perovskite alloys is established by evaluating the stability metrics with formation energy. The ductile nature of these materials suggests they are ideal candidates for flexible optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. Most of the halide perovskites display higher values of optical band gaps, however, the proposed Rb2TlRhX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) compounds in the present communication reveal direct narrow bandgap values 1.56 eV, 1.44 eV, 1.32 eV for Cl, Br and I halides respectively by applying TB-mBJ potential. The strong optical absorption, excellent conductivity, and poor reflectivity as disclosed by the investigated materials have great potential for optoelectronic applications. The study successfully computed the Spectroscopic Limited Maximum Efficiency (SLME) for the investigated materials. Utilizing the values of direct bandgap and theoretical absorption coefficients, yielding efficiency values of Rb2TlRhCl6, Rb2TlRhBr6, and Rb2TlRhI6 as 29.42%, 28.53%, and 29.91% respectively at 26 °C. The present research demonstrates that the SLME model is a promising and effective approach to calculating PCEs and providing useful insights into the field of photovoltaic research.
Solution combustion synthesis for rare earth nano metal oxides using D-glycine as fuel: morphological and optical studies
Authors: Maheta Dhara , Madhukar B S , Tanna Ashish R
Published: November 2024

Three different nano rate earth oxides, i.e. CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 have been prepared through solution combustion synthesis method using Cerous Nitrate Hexahydrate, Lanthanum Hexahydrate, and Thorium Nitrate as an oxidizer, respectively and glycine as a fuel. The synthesized nano powder was characterized by powder diffraction (PXRD), FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum (UV–vis DRS), and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 possess Cubic, Hexagonal and Cubic phases respectively. Morphological results showed the stable and sponge-like surface of each specimen. The optical band gap of CeO2, La2O3, and ThO2 obtained from Tauc Plots ranges 3.10 eV, 4.84 eV and 5.76 eV which shows interesting behavior and hence six Refractive Indices modeling has been applied to optimize the parameter to utilize these rare earth metal oxides in the solar reflector system using appropriate matrix.
SolarDesign: An online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform
Authors: Sha 沙 Wei E. I. 威 , Wang 王 Xiaoyu 啸宇 , Chen 陈 Wenchao 文超 , Fu 付 Yuhao 钰豪 , Zhang 张 Lijun 立军 , Tian 田 Liang 亮 , Lin 林 Minshen 敏慎 , Jiao 焦 Shudi 书迪 , Xu 徐 Ting 婷 , Sun 孙 Tiange 天歌 , Liu 刘 Dongxue 冬雪
Published: November 2024

SolarDesign (https://solardesign.cn/) is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells, as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic, perovskite, and tandem cells. The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices, device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions, and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory. Employing internationally advanced numerical methods, the platform accurately, rapidly, and efficiently solves optical absorption, electrical transport, and compact circuit models. It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from “materials to devices to circuits” with fully independent intellectual property rights. Compared to commercial softwares, the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude. Additionally, it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells, such as quantum tunneling, exciton dissociation, and ion migration.
Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with Doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal–organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms
Authors: Mujtaba Ayse Gunyakti , Topuz Berna , Karakeçili Ayşe
Published: November 2024

The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 d at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g. wound dressings, implants).
Population exposure to flooding in Small Island Developing States under climate change
Authors: Archer Leanne , Neal Jeffrey , Bates Paul , Lord Natalie , Hawker Laurence , Collings Tom , Quinn Niall , Sear David
Published: November 2024

Estimates of current and future population exposure to both coastal and inland flooding do not exist consistently in all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), despite these being some of the places most at risk to climate change. This has primarily been due to a lack of suitable or complete data. In this paper, we utilise a ∼30 m global hydrodynamic flood model to estimate population exposure to coastal and inland flood hazard in all SIDS under present day, as well as under low, intermediate, and very high emissions climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Our analysis shows that present day population exposure to flooding in SIDS is high (19.5% total population: 100 year flood hazard), varies widely depending on the location (3%–66%), and increases under all three climate scenarios—even if global temperatures remain below 2 °C warming (range in percentage change between present day and SSP1-2.6: −4.5%–44%). We find that levels of flood hazard and population exposure are not strongly linked, and that indirect measures of exposure in common vulnerability or risk indicators do not adequately capture the complex drivers of flood hazard and population exposure in SIDS. The most exposed places under the lowest climate change scenario (SSP1-2.6) continue to be the most exposed under the highest climate change scenario (SSP5-8.5), meaning investment in adaptation in these locations is likely robust to climate scenario uncertainty.
Exotic antinucleus antihyperhydrogen-4 created in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Wogan Tim
Published: November 2024

An antihyperhydrogen-4 nucleus – the heaviest antinucleus ever produced – has been observed in heavy-ion collisions by the STAR Collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US.
Twisted fibres are better at capturing water from fog
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: November 2024

Twisted fibres are more efficient at capturing and transporting water from foggy air than straight fibres, according to researchers at the University of Oslo, Norway.
Almost 70% of US students leave physics
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: November 2024

More than two-thirds of college students in the US who initially express an interest in studying physics drop out to pursue another degree, according to a five year-long survey by the American Institute of Physics.
With flow comes beauty
Authors: Perkowitz Sidney
Published: November 2024

Most paintings are static images created by artists in private. Sidney Perkowitz explores the work of Akiko Nakayama, who uses her feel for the behaviour of fluids to create beautiful dynamic pictures in front of live audiences.
Industrial Policy, National Security, and the Perilous Plight of the WTO
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C
Published: November 2024

The WTO is going through an unprecedented crisis that has seriously eroded its relevance. The repeated invocations of national security against other members are evidence of a growing distrust. Industrial policy in the name of national security was unheard of when the WTO entered the realm of international relations. The disputes that arise cannot be adequately addressed because the WTO contract cannot be adequately enforced due to the dysfunctional Appellate Body. But even if this were not the case, could enforcement of an outdated contract ever solve the emerging problem? The response in this book is negative—the WTO contract is in dire need of updating. Alas, no one is working in this direction. The WTO is facing what Joseph Nye called a “Kindleberger trap”: the parties that could take the lead to invest in the international order are either unwilling or find it impossible to do so. Trading nations seem to have forgotten that the cost of no WTO is sizeable anyway (if trade growth wanes). And there is a risk that the cost extends beyond international commercial relations.
Industrial Policy and National Security in WTO Law and Practice
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C
Published: November 2024

The rush to measures described in the previous chapter raises the question of whether we observe lawful behavior or lawlessness. The legal benchmark to decide this issue is WTO law, as all semiconductor producers are WTO members. The WTO regulation of subsidies is quite outdated and, to some extent, baseless in economic theory as well. The subsidies agreement lumps all subsidies into the same basket. There is no agreement at all on export licensing. The national security clause is equally outdated, and furthermore, questions are legitimately raised regarding its justiciability. Case law has not helped either.
The WTO Kindleberger-Trap
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C
Published: November 2024

While what to do is straightforward, how to do it is quite demanding. The WTO is facing a Kindleberger trap. The entity that can rally the troops (the US) does not want to do so largely because a discussion regarding trade liberalization and the reinforcement of the role of the WTO is not a winner in US domestic politics. Overwhelmingly, US voters associate trade openness with trade deficits vis-à-vis China. On the other hand, the entity that would like to rally the troops (China) does not have the requisite soft power to provide the impetus. To reverse the current situation, only imaginative solutions can help. The European Union could emerge as the inspirational middle power. If it manages to work effectively with the G20 (a very generous assumption) then there is a glimpse of hope that the current situation could be reversed.
A Digression on Cutting Cakes and Marking Sticks
Authors: Schumer Peter D
Published: November 2024

A variety of physically concrete problems involving fractions are presented. Various strategies for the fair division of a cake among a group of people is discussed and developed starting with three people and then extending to any number. Next, we tackle the problem of determining the probability that two marks on a stick are found on the same piece once the stick is broken into k pieces of random length. Also analyzed is the problem of whether a triangle can be formed when a stick is randomly broken into three smaller pieces. A fair division among two friends of a triangular pizza is also discussed. Finally, a classic problem involving cutting a bar of gold to pay a prescribed number of days’ wages is discussed and generalized.
Egyptian Fractions
Authors: Schumer Peter D
Published: November 2024

The ancient Egyptian numeral system is explained, and a few relevant hieroglyphs are introduced so that the reader can write any integer from 1 up into the millions hieroglyphically. Egyptian fractions were written as a sum of unit fractions (with the number 1 in each numerator). It is shown that every fraction can be written as a finite sum of distinct unit fractions. Several ancient problems from the Rhind papyrus (c.1650 bce) are solved making use of Egyptian fractions. Next, there is an interesting variant of how close to 1 a sum of unit fractions can get with a limited number of terms. Last, a brief discussion of an equation reminiscent of Fermat’s Last Theorem is given.
Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in Alzheimer’s induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
Authors: MacMullen Courtney , Sharma Neelam , Davis Ronald L
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, but the scope and severity of these specific deficits across forms of Alzheimer’s disease are not well characterized. We designed a high-throughput longitudinal phenotypic assay to track mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in glutamatergic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons possessing mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP).

Each gene set was composed of iPSC-derived neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease patient in addition to two to three engineered mutations with appropriate isogenic and age-matched controls. These iPSC-derived neurons were imaged every other day, beginning at 10 days in vitro, to assess how mitochondrial length and content change over a 10 day time course using a mitochondrially targeted reporter. A second cytosolic reporter allowed for visualization of neurites. Bioenergetics assays, focusing on mitochondrial respiration and individual electron transport chain complexes, were also surveyed over this time course.

Mutations in all three genes altered mitochondrial function measured by basal, ATP-linked and maximal oxygen consumption rates and by spare respiratory capacity, with PSEN1/PSEN2 alleles being more severe than APP mutations. Electron flow through Complexes I–IV was decreased in PSEN1/PSEN2 mutations but, in contrast, APP alleles had only modest impairments of complexes I and II. We measured aspects of mitochondrial dynamics, including fragmentation and neurite degeneration, both of which were dramatic in PSEN1/PSEN2 alleles, but essentially absent in APP alleles. The marked differences in mitochondrial pathology might occur from the distinct ways in which amyloids are processed into amyloid beta peptides and might be correlated with the disease severity.
ChatGPT-driven machine learning code generation for android malware detection
Authors: Nelson Jordan , Pavlidis Michalis , Fish Andrew , Kapetanakis Stelios , Polatidis Nikolaos
Published: November 2024

Android is a widely used operating system, primarily found on mobile phones and tablets. Applications (commonly known as “apps”) for android can be easily installed from Google Play, third-party stores, or manually using android package kit (APK) files. Due to its growing popularity, android has attracted significant attention from malicious actors deploying various forms of malware. To address this challenge, artificial intelligence-based approaches are increasingly used to protect systems from cyber-attacks. This research paper focuses on the application of ChatGPT, a powerful large language model, in cybersecurity, specifically for malware detection. It evaluates ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative tool in fighting cyber threats, exploring the process of fine-tuning ChatGPT, its performance and its limitations in malware detection tasks. The objective is to reduce the effort and time required to generate artificial intelligence-based malware detection systems, simplifying their development process. This research shows how ChatGPT can be utilized to generate code for detecting malware in structured datasets with high accuracy. The focus is not on introducing any new algorithms but on allow individuals without programming expertise to create and apply these models effectively.
Multicentre frozen elephant trunk technique experience as redo surgery to treat residual type A aortic dissections following ascending aortic replacement
Authors: Kreibich Maximilian , Pitts Leonard , Kempfert Jörg , Yildiz Murat , Schönhoff Florian , Gaisendrees Christopher , Luehr Maximilian , Berger Tim , Demal Till , Jahn Joshua , Kremer Jamila , Dumfarth Julia , Grimm Michael , Pfeiffer Philipp , Dohle Daniel Sebastian , Dietze Zara , Leontyev Sergey , Voetsch Andreas , Krombholz-Reindl Philipp , Nagel Felix , Finster Andrea , Czerny Martin , Detter Christian
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

The goal of this project was to assess the efficacy of a reoperative frozen elephant trunk (FET) operation for treating residual type A aortic dissections.

METHODS

Between April 2015 and October 2023, a total of 237 patients underwent elective redo surgical aortic arch replacement via the FET technique to treat residual type A aortic dissection in 11 European aortic centres. Data were pooled and analysed retrospectively.

RESULTS

The time between an acute type A dissection repair to an FET implant was 5 years. More than half of all patients (54%) presented with an entry within the aortic arch, and 174 patients (73%) presented residual dissections of supra-aortic vessels. During FET repair, the axillary artery was cannulated in 181 patients (76%), whereas 83 patients (35%) underwent additional cardiac procedures including 39 root replacements (16%) and 15 coronary bypass procedures (6%). Zone 2 was the most common arch anastomosis site (n = 163, 69%), and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion was most frequent (n = 159, 67%). Fifteen patients (6%) died in-hospital. Age in years (P < 0.001, odds ratio: 1.069) proved to be predictive for overall mortality in our Cox regression model.

CONCLUSIONS

Elective redo surgical aortic arch replacement using the FET technique for treating residual type A aortic dissection following ascending aortic replacement revealed a favourable outcome. The decision to undertake stage two therapy of a residually dissected aortic arch should be made by an aortic team on a patient-by-patient basis.
The Social Dynamics of Genocide: Social Psychology and Compliance in Himmler’s Murder Squads
Authors: Armelin Maayan
Published: November 2024

The mobile paramilitary units known as Einsatzgruppen murdered between one and two million Soviet Jewish and non-Jewish civilians under Nazi occupation. Contemporary and postwar documentation reveals that the units lumped together members of Germany’s various party and state security organizations, who, despite the common image of the Nazi “murder machine,” did not always work in complete collaboration. The article follows Einsatzkommando 12, a subunit of Einsatzgruppe D, which perpetrated executions in the southern regions of present-day Ukraine and Russia. Former members’ postwar interrogations reconstruct the unit’s professional hierarchies, operational structures, and job allocations. The article integrates historical works on SS values and organizational culture with findings in social psychology to explain how the Einsatzgruppen shaped peer group relations, cohesion, and comradeship to enhance members’ compliance with mass murder.