bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Land Use Changes and Benthic Macroinvertebrates’ Community Structure in an East African Riverine Environment
Authors: Tela Samuel Abuyeka , Masayi Nelly Nambande
Published: July 2023

Anthropogenic land use activities affects the health status of river ecosystems in supporting aquatic biodiversity. Undisturbed wetlands ensure water bodies are ecologically healthy for community livelihoods. Recent years have witnessed degradation of aquatic ecosystems and this has devastating effects on the environment and community livelihoods. One of such wetlands is river Isiukhu of western Kenya. This study analysed water physico-chemical parameters and benthic macroinvertebrates’ assemblages of River Isiukhu between August to November, 2022. Four sampling stations were selected along the longitudinal river gradient based on anthropogenic impact and dominance of land use activities. Sampling stations were classified as ‘very high’, ‘high’, ‘moderate’ and ‘low’ and rated 4,3,2 and 1 respectively, depending on the anthropogenic impact. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using D-frame net and classified using appropriate keys. Anthropogenic activities and habitat characteristics were noted and recorded. Water quality parameters were determined in situ. Macroinvertebrates’ population indices were calculated to determine community structure. Sorenson’s Coefficient quantified similarities of species in different stations. Pearson correlation and ANOVA tested the study hypothesis. About 1,391 invertebrates were collected belonging to 12 orders, 32 families and 30 genera. Orders Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Coleoptera recorded highest percentage taxonomical composition. Upper pristine stations (F and G) supported more species richness and diversity than lower stations (L and T). Macroinvertebrates’ communities in terms of diversity, abundance, richness, evenness, and functional feeding groups responded differently to impacts of anthropogenic activities, due to their varied adaptation traits. Water quality varied significantly between sampling stations (ρ <0.05). Close relationship existed between land use activities and species diversity (r=0.8; ρ < 0.05); richness (r=0.8779; ρ < 0.05); evenness (r=0.1067; ρ < 0.05); and abundance (r=0.962; ρ < 0.05). The study recommends the need to conserve riparian vegetation as a way of mitigating and adapting to the impact climate change on stream ecosystem.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Endemic Jeffreycia zeylanica Plant Found in Sri Lanka
Authors: Samaraweera Thumuli , Samaraweera Thummini , Senadeera Nimesha , Ranaweera Chathuranga B.
Published: July 2023

Aims: Determination of antibacterial efficacy of aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts from Jeffreycia zeylanica leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methodology: Completely ballooned leaves of J. zeylanica were gathered, air-dried, and milled into fine powder. Then macerated in all four selected solvents for about 1-2 weeks, the extracts were obtained by vacuum evaporation under reduced pressure. Antibacterial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using the agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method. The positive control utilized was Gentamicin. The inhibitory zone's diameter (in mm) was measured and noted. The entire experiment was done in triplicates.

Results: Findings from the study indicated that methanolic leaves extract (EC50 39.03mg/mL) had the highest effectiveness and potency against S. aureus using agar well diffusion method and, methanolic leaves extract (EC50  2.301mg/mL) had the highest effectiveness and potency against S. aureus using agar disc diffusion method.

Conclusion: This study designates that, leaves of J. zeylanica have potential antibacterial activity using aqueous, methanol, Dichloromethane(DCM), and hexane extracts. Among them methanolic extract showed the highest activity indicating the highest inhibition zones and the most susceptible organism is S. aureus. Additional study is required to understand the mechanism and active ingredients behind the antibacterial activity of further plant sections.
Analisis Kesalahan kata bantu “得” pada mahasiswa angkatan 2021 Universitas Kristen Petra
Authors: Sunyoto Denny Kusuma
Published: July 2023

Kata bantu struktural adalah kata bantu yang diletakkan di belakang frasa menjelaskan hubungan struktural, terdiri dari 3 jenis, yaitu “的”,“得”dan“地”. Penelitian ini berfokus pada “de得”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah penulis ingin mendeskripsikan dan mencari jenis kesalahan beserta faktor yang mempengaruhi kesalahan itu terjadi pada mahasiswa angkatan 2021 Program Studi Bahasa Mandarin Universitas Kristen Petra. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan dua teknik analisis data yaitu metode observasi berupa soal tes tertutup dan wawancara dengan tiga responden yang memiliki jawaban salah terbanyak saat mengerjakan soal tes. Melalui observasi, penulis menemukan jenis-jenis kesalahan yaitu salah penggantian sebagai bentuk kesalahan yang paling banyak muncul, di urutan kedua yaitu salah menghilangkan, urutan ketiga yaitu salah urutan, salah menambahkan adalah kesalahan yang muncul dengan frekuensi kesalahan paling sedikit. Di soal tes romawi 1, beberapa responden tidak cukup paham kapan harus menggunakan “de得” dan kapan tidak perlu menggunakannya. Di soal tes romawi 2, ada beberapa responden yang tidak memahami penggunaan kata bantu 得 dengan kata bantu struktural lainnya. Di soal tes romawi 3, sebagian responden memahami struktur atau peletakan 得 dalam kalimat. Melalui wawancara, penulis menemukan faktor penyebab terjadinya kesalahan tersebut yaitu transfer negatif bahasa ibu, pengetahuan bahasa target yang tidak cukup, dan pengaruh strategi belajar dan komunikasi.
PELESTARIAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN WAYANG POTEHI DI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Suwanto Yohanes , Kurniawan Budi
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara melestarikan wayang potehi. Sekitar tahun 1900 wayang potehi mulai popular, pada masa orde baru pertunjukan wayang potehi dilarang total. Akan tetapi wayang potehi masih bisa eksis hingga sekarang. Objek penelitian ini adalah pengurus klenteng kampong dukuh dan dalang wayang potehi di Surabaya dan pengurus klenteng Hong San Kiong Gudo Jombang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bagaimana wayang potehi masih bisa eksis hingga sekarang.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KOSA KATA BAHASA MANDARIN PADA APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN CHINESESKILL
Authors: Handoko Liem Vita Angela
Published: July 2023

Bahasa merupakan suatu media yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain. Saat mempelajari suatu bahasa, biasanya pembelajaran dimulai dari substansi yang terkecil, misalnya kosa kata. Dalam mempelajari kosa kata Bahasa Mandarin, kita dapat menggunakan strategi-strategi yang dapat mendukung proses belajar, misalnya seperti strategi asosiasi, strategi produksi kalimat, dan sebagainya. Strategi-strategi tersebut dapat diterapkan melalui aplikasi pembelajaran ChineseSkill. Pada penelitian ini penulis meneliti strategi manakah yang paling sesuai terhadap proses pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin pemula. Peneliti berharap dapat membantu orang yang ingin belajar Bahasa Mandarin agar dapat memilih strategi pembelajaran dengan tepat, sehingga proses belajar mejadi lebih cepat dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara memberikan tes kepada subjek penelitian serta melakukan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian menujukkan bahwa strategi asosiasi merupakan strategi yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran kosa kata pemula. Strategi asosiasi yang dimaksud adalah menciptakan hubungan antara kosa kata baru dengan tatanan kosa kata yang telah kita miliki sebelumnya. Salah satu contoh penerapan strategi asosiasi misalnya dengan menggunakan gambar.
Synthetic GM1 improves motor and memory dysfunctions in mice with monoallelic or biallelic disruption of GM3 synthase
Authors: Chowdhury Suman , Kumar Ranjeet , Zepeda Evelyn , DeFrees Shawn , Ledeen Robert
Published: July 2023

This study attempts to answer the question of whether mice with biallelic and monoallelic disruption of the St3gal5 (GM3 synthase) gene might benefit from GM1 replacement therapy. The GM3 produced by this sialyltransferase gives rise to downstream GD3 and the ganglio‐series of gangliosides. The latter includes the a‐series (GM1 + GD1a), which has proved most essential for neuron survival and function (especially GM1, for which GD1a provides a reserve pool). These biallelic mice serve as a model for children with this relatively rare autosomal recessive condition (ST3GAL5−/−) who suffer rapid neurological decline including motor loss, intellectual disability, visual and hearing loss, failure to thrive, and other severe conditions leading to an early death by 2–5 years of age without supportive care. Here, we studied both these mice, which serve as a model for the parents and close relatives of these children who are likely to suffer long‐term disabilities due to partial deficiency of GM1, including Parkinson's disease (PD). We find that the movement and memory disorders manifested by both types of mice can be resolved with GM1 application. This suggests the potential therapeutic value of GM1 for disorders stemming from GM1 deficiency, including GM3 synthase deficiency and PD. It was noteworthy that the GM1 employed in these studies was synthetic rather than animal brain‐derived, reaffirming the therapeutic efficacy of the former.
Multidimensional profiles of Head Start children's social behaviors predict their interpretations of physical aggression
Authors: Baker Erin Ruth , Gahtan Jamie , Salim Sumaita Binta , Huang Rong
Published: July 2023

Preschool children's reasoning regarding moral events differs according to adversity and relates to aggression. Understanding morality in young children is paramount for understanding their aggressive behaviors. The study aims to identify patterns of aggression and prosocial behavior using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and investigate how patterns of aggression and prosocial behavior relate to reasoning about prototypic moral events. One hundred six children (Mage = 4.40 years old, SD = 0.55 years old, Range: 3.08–5.33 years old, 51% boys) enrolled in Head Start programs and their caregivers participated. In the fall caregivers completed surveys on forms (i.e., the manifestation of behavior) and functions of aggression (i.e., motivation of behavior), and prosocial behavior. The following spring children completed two moral reasoning tasks that measured children's judgment and reasoning of harm, and their attributions of transgressors' reasoning. The LCA revealed a 3‐class solution: (1) high levels of relational aggression and moderate levels of prosocial behavior (bistrategic controllers), (2) low levels of both aggression and average prosocial behavior (uninvolved), (3) high levels of all types of aggression and low levels of prosocial behavior (high aggression). Subsequent analyses suggest that uninvolved children prioritize adhering to authority over other concerns, and bistrategic controllers focused on goal‐oriented reasoning. Overall, our findings support that recognizing patterns of behavior may be useful in understanding children's moral reasoning.
A Review of Thin Films Used in Smart Contact Lenses
Authors: Kareem Mujeeb , Agbaje Taofeeqah , Alam Fahad , Butt Haider
Published: July 2023

Smart contact lenses incorporate a diversity of thin‐film components and are also fabricated utilizing different thin films. They have been developed for the sensing and treatment of diseases such as intraocular pressure and glaucoma treatment using the tear fluid. This report provides a review of how these thin films are processed to develop functional characteristics relevant for their application in smart contact lenses. Types of thin films used, as well as various applications, are discussed from the historical developments leading to the invention of smart contact lenses to the state‐of‐the‐art technologies related to thin films used in them. Finally, challenges with contact lenses and improvements to tackle these challenges using thin films are presented.
Biomimetic Thermo‐Sensitive Hydrogel Encapsulating Hemangiomas Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Microcirculation Reconstruction in Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Lu Enhao , Yang Xi , Wang Tao , Huang Xueli , Chen Yiting , Wang Rui , Luo Kuankuan , Zhang Zhiwen , Lin Xiaoxi , Sha Xianyi
Published: July 2023

Tissue repair and regeneration in ischemic areas require effective strategies for angiogenesis and microcirculation reconstruction. In this research, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from hemangioma stem cells (HemSC) are used as bio‐functional materials for angiogenesis. In addition, a novel thermo‐sensitive hydrogel based on chitosan (CS) and modified with hyaluronic oligosaccharides (oHA), is specially developed as an ideal carrier of HemSC‐EVs. The oHA/CSgel provides a sustained‐release delivery system for EVs, enhances the angiogenic function of HemSC‐EVs, and exerts other bio‐functions to comprehensively accelerate tissue repair. The physical properties of EVs@oHA/CSgel proved to be soft, highly elastic deformable, biocompatible, and can maintain the shape and structure of EVs. In vitro co‐culture assay verifies the angiogenic effect of EVs@oHA/CSgel, and this effect is also evaluated in a diabetic wound model. Compared to untreated group, the EVs@oHA/CSgel group has only 26.9% wound area on day 14, and 226.8% blood flux mark on day 17. Pharmacological mechanisms of HemSC‐EVs are predicted by RNA‐seq, and cluster analysis of miRNAs predicted targets presents several up‐regulated biological processes involving in angiogenesis and wound healing. In conclusion, it is suggested that EVs@oHA/CSgel as a satisfying therapeutic system for microcirculation reconstruction in tissue repair.
A Bioinspired Bilevel Metamaterial for Multispectral Manipulation toward Visible, Multi‐Wavelength Detection Lasers and Mid‐Infrared Selective Radiation
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Wang Pan , Xiao Chengyu , Fu Liucheng , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang , Zhang Di
Published: July 2023

Manipulation of the electromagnetic signature in multiple wavebands is necessary and effective in civil and industrial applications. However, the integration of multispectral requirements, particularly for the bands with comparable wavelengths, challenges the design and fabrication of current compatible metamaterials. Here, a bioinspired bilevel metamaterial is proposed for multispectral manipulation involving visible, multi‐wavelength detection lasers and mid‐infrared (MIR), along with radiative cooling. The metamaterial, consisting of dual‐deck Pt disks and a SiO2 intermediate layer, is inspired by the broadband reflection splitting effect found in butterfly scales and achieves ultralow specular reflectance (average of 0.013) over the entire 0.8–1.6 µm with large scattering angles. Meanwhile, tunable visible reflection and selective dual absorption peaks in MIR can be simultaneously realized, providing structural color, effective radiative thermal dissipation at 5–8 µm and 10.6 µm laser absorption. The metamaterial is fabricated by a low‐cost colloidal lithography method combined with two patterning processes. Multispectral manipulation performances are experimentally demonstrated and a significant apparent temperature drop (maximum of 15.7 °C) compared to the reference is observed under a thermal imager. This work achieves optical response in multiple wavebands and provides a valuable way to effectively design multifunctional metamaterials inspired by nature.
Water‐Induced Bandgap Engineering in Nanoribbons of Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Chen Chen , Hang Yang , Wang Hui Shan , Wang Yang , Wang Xiujun , Jiang Chengxin , Feng Yu , Liu Chenxi , Janzen Eli , Edgar James H. , Wei Zhipeng , Guo Wanlin , Hu Weida , Zhang Zhuhua , Wang Haomin , Xie Xiaoming
Published: July 2023

Different from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) sheets, the bandgap of hBN nanoribbons (BNNRs) can be changed by spatial/electrostatic confinement. It is predicted that a transverse electric field can narrow the bandgap and even cause an insulator–metal transition in BNNRs. However, experimentally introducing an overhigh electric field across the BNNR remains challenging. Here, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that water adsorption greatly reduces the bandgap of zigzag‐oriented BNNRs (zBNNRs). Ab initio calculations show that water molecules can be favorably assembled within the trench between two adjacent BNNRs to form a polar ice layer, which induces a transverse equivalent electric field of over 2 V nm−1 accounting for the bandgap reduction. Field‐effect transistors are successfully fabricated from zBNNRs with different widths. The conductance of water‐adsorbed zBNNRs can be tuned over 3 orders in magnitude via modulation of the equivalent electrical field at room temperature. Furthermore, photocurrent response measurements are taken to determine the optical bandgaps of zBNNRs with water adsorption. The zBNNR with increased width can exhibit a bandgap down to 1.17 eV. This study offers fundamental insights into new routes toward realizing electronic/optoelectronic devices and circuits based on hexagonal boron nitride.
Phosphine‐Oxide‐Balanced Intra‐ and Interchain Through‐Space Charge Transfer in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers: Beyond 30% External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Xin Ying , Zhu Yonglin , Chi Ruixin , Duan Chunbo , Yan Pengfei , Han Chunmiao , Xu Hui
Published: July 2023

Through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) is crucial for developing highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence polymers. The balance of intra‐ and interchain TSCT can markedly improve performance, but it is still a big challenge. In this work, an effective strategy for “intra‐ and interchain TSCT balance” is demonstrated by way of a series of non‐conjugated copolymers containing a 9,9‐dimethylacridine donor and triazine‐phosphine oxide (PO)‐based acceptors. Steady‐state and transient emission spectra indicate that compared to the corresponding blends, the copolymers can indeed achieve balanced intra‐ and interchain TSCT by accurately optimizing the inductive and steric effects of the acceptors. The DPOT acceptor with the strongest electron‐withdrawing ability and the second bigger steric hindrance endows its copolymers with state‐of‐the‐art photoluminescence and electroluminescence quantum efficiencies beyond 95% and 32%, respectively. This demonstrates that, compared to other congeners, the synergistic inductive and steric effects effectively enhance TSCT in DPOT‐based copolymers for radiation, and suppress singlet and triplet quenching. The record‐high efficiencies of its devices make this kind of copolymers hold the potential for low‐cost, large‐scale, and high‐efficiency applications.
Reversible Crosslinking of Commodity Polymers via Photocontrolled Metal–Ligand Coordination for High‐Performance and Recyclable Thermoset Plastics
Authors: Huang Yun‐Shuai , Zhou Yang , Zeng Xiaolong , Zhang Dachuan , Wu Si
Published: July 2023

Thermoset plastics, highly desired for their stability, durability, and chemical resistance, are currently consumed in over 60 million tons annually across the globe, but they are difficult to recycle due to their crosslinked structures. The development of recyclable thermoset plastics is an important but challenging task. In this work, recyclable thermoset plastics are prepared by crosslinking a commodity polymer, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with a small percentage of a Ru complex via nitrile–Ru coordination. PAN is obtained from industry and the Ru complex is synthesized in one step, which enables the production of recyclable thermoset plastics in an efficient way. In addition, the thermoset plastics exhibit impressive mechanical performance, boasting a Young's modulus of 6.3 GPa and a tensile strength of 109.8 MPa. Moreover, they can be de‐crosslinked when exposed to both light and a solvent and can then be re‐crosslinked upon heating. This reversible crosslinking mechanism enables the recycling of thermosets from a mixture of plastic waste. The preparation of recyclable thermosets from other commodity polymers such as poly(styrene‐coacrylonitrile) (SAN) resins and polymer composites through reversible crosslinking is also demonstrated. This study shows that reversible crosslinking via metal–ligand coordination is a new strategy for designing recyclable thermosets using commodity polymers.
High‐Efficient Capacitive Deionization Using Amine‐Functionalized ZIF‐67@ 2D MXene: Toward Ultrahigh Desalination Performance
Authors: Molaei Aghdam Ali , Mikaeili Chahartagh Nima , Delfani Ehsan
Published: July 2023

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is proposed as a thermodynamically effective desalination method for treating non‐potable water with a low‐salt concentrator to address the growing need for clean drinking water. MXenes, 2D transition metal carbides derived from Mn+1AXn (n = 1, 2, 3, or 4) bulk phases, are an intriguing class of crystalline materials with unique physicochemical properties. However, a significant challenge for their practical use is the degradation and phase transition experienced by MXene flakes when exposed to aqueous conditions. Several strategies for improving MXene stability are proposed, including combining it with porous materials such as carbon and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In addition to ZIFs, antioxidants with amine functional groups are used to stabilize MXene. Additionally, amine‐functionalized MXenes exhibit improved resistance to oxidation caused by water, enabling them to maintain their dispersity in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The produced A‐ZIF@MXene electrode represents high desalination performance with the highest salt adsorption capacity up to 80.3 mg g−1 in 1000 mg L−1 The NaCl solution reserve more than 99% of its initial capacity in 50 cycles to the synergism of its surface amine groups, high hydrophilicity, and distinctive hierarchical porous structure.
Autonomous Adaption of Intelligent Humidity‐Programmed Hydrogel Patches for Tunable Stiffness and Drug Release
Authors: Pflumm Stephan , Wiedemann Yvonne , Fauser Dominik , Safaraliyev Javidan , Lunter Dominique , Steeb Holger , Ludwigs Sabine
Published: July 2023

Intelligent humidity‐programmed hydrogel patches with high stretchability and tunable water‐uptake and ‐release are prepared by copolymerization and crosslinking ofN‐isopropylacrylamide and oligo(ethylene glycol) comonomers. These intelligent elastomeric patches strongly respond to different humidities and temperatures in terms of mechanical properties which makes them applicable for soft robotics and smart skin applications where autonomous adaption to environmental conditions is a key requirement. It is shown that beyond using the hydrogel in the conventional state in aqueous media, new patches can be controlled by relative humidity. This humidity programming of the patches allows to tune drug release kinetics, opening potential application fields such as skin wound therapy and personalized medication. In situ dynamic‐mechanical measurements show a huge dependence on temperature and humidity. The glass transition temperatureTgshifts from around 60 °C at dry conditions to below 0 °C for 75% r.h. and higher. The storage modulus is tunable over more than four orders of magnitude from 0.6 up to 400 MPa. Time‐temperature superposition in master curves allows to extract relaxation times over 14 orders of magnitude. With strains at break of over 200% the patches are compliant with human skin and therefore patient‐friendly in terms of adapting to movements.
Quantum Efficiency Gain in 2D Perovskite Photo and X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Pan Lei , Li Xinxin , Yoo Jinkyoung , Tretiak Sergei , Ma Xuedan , Cao Lei R. , Nie Wanyi
Published: July 2023

The perovskite polycrystalline thin film detector fabricated by solution method is a promising low‐cost, scalable technology for radiation imaging, but its thin volume limits the sensing efficiency for high‐energy X‐ray photons. This work reports 2D perovskite thin film photo‐diodes with a detection gain when sensing visible and X‐ray photons. Detailed power and temperature‐dependent device characterizations reveal a charge multiplication effect to be responsible for the observed high gain. This is caused by a disparity in electron and hole transport, where electron transport is retarded by a trap/de‐trap process via shallow trap states, whereas the hole transport is fast enough to produce a photoconductive gain in satisfying the charge neutrality. The 2D perovskite made with butylamine spacers is also found to exhibit a larger efficiency gain than those made with phenylethylamines because of the higher likelihood of forming shallow traps in the former. The thin film diodes feature a high temporal response over 1 MHz due to the fast charge collection across a thin volume, and the discovery provides device physics mechanisms in connection to material structure‐function relationship for future optoelectronics design that can boost the efficiency of X‐ray sensing and dim light detection.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Phosphates with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Ren Jing‐Ao , Chen Xue , Gui Chao , Miao Chengping , Chu Xue‐Qiang , Xu Hao , Zhou Xiaocong , Ma Mengtao , Shen Zhi‐Liang
Published: July 2023

A step‐economical and operationally simple nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of aryl phosphates with aryl bromides through C−O bond cleavage, which precluded the employment of relatively moisture‐labile and unreadily available organometallics, was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of magnesium turnings and lithium chloride in THF to afford the corresponding biaryls in moderate to good yields with reasonable functionality tolerance.
Dynamic Zn/Electrolyte Interphase and Enhanced Cation Transfer of Sol Electrolyte for All‐Climate Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Peng Huili , Wang Chunting , Wang Dongdong , Song Xinxin , Zhang Chenghui , Yang Jian
Published: July 2023

Zn metal as one of the promising anodes of aqueous batteries possesses notable advantages, but it faces severe challenges from severe side reactions and notorious dendrite growth. Here, ultrathin nanosheets of α‐zirconium phosphate (ZrP) are explored as an electrolyte additive. The nanosheets not only create a dynamic and reversible interphase on Zn but also promote the Zn2+ transportation in the electrolyte, especially in the outer Helmholtz plane near ZrP. Benefited from the enhanced kinetics and dynamic interphase, the pouch cells of Zn||LiMn2O4 using this electrolyte remarkably improve electrochemical performance under harsh conditions, i.e. Zn powders as the Zn anode, high mass loading, and wide temperatures. The results expand the materials available for this dynamic interphase, provide an insightful understanding of the enhanced charge transfer in the electrolyte, and realize the combination of dynamic interphase and enhanced kinetics for all‐climate performance.
Polyolefin‐Based Separator with Interfacial Chemistry Regulation for Robust Potassium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tu Long , Zhang Zhijia , Zhao Zelin , Xiang Xinyuan , Deng Bohua , Liu Dan , Qu Deyu , Tang Haolin , Li Junsheng , Liu Jinping
Published: July 2023

Potassium metal batteries (KMBs) are ideal choices for high energy density storage system owing to the low electrochemical potential and low cost of K. However, the practical KMB applications suffer from intrinsically active K anode, which would bring serious safety concerns due to easier generation of dendrites. Herein, to explore a facile approach to tackle this issue, we propose to regulate K plating/stripping via interfacial chemistry engineering of commercial polyolefin‐based separator using multiple functional units integrated in tailored metal organic framework. As a case study, the functional units of MIL‐101(Cr) offer high elastic modulus, facilitate the dissociation of potassium salt, improve the K+ transfer number and homogenize the K+ flux at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Benefiting from these favorable features, uniform and stable K plating/stripping is realized with the regulated separator. Full battery assembled with the regulated separator showed ∼19.9 % higher discharge capacity than that with glass fiber separator at 20 mA g−1 and much better cycling stability at high rates. The generality of our approach is validated with KMBs using different cathodes and electrolytes. We envision that the strategy to suppress dendrite formation by commercial separator surface engineering using tailor‐designed functional units can be extended to other metal/metal ion batteries.
The effect of reinforcement aspect ratio on the performance of PA66 composites with recycled carbon fiber and upcycled graphene nanoplatelets: An interface characterization from process to modeling
Authors: Dericiler Kuray , Zafar Salman , Sas Hatice S. , Saner Okan Burcu
Published: July 2023

The use of recycled reinforcements in structural applications is growing due to concerns about the environmental impact and economic costs associated with energy‐intensive production techniques of virgin fibers. However, limited research has explored the integration of multiscale reinforcements with different aspect ratios into PA66 composites to enhance their performance. In this study, the effect of reinforcement aspect ratio on PA66 composites by incorporating recycled carbon fibers and waste tire‐derived graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) with oxygen surface functional groups is investigated. The objective of this work is to improve mechanical properties of the composites by promoting nucleation and enhancing the fiber/matrix interface. Through high shear mixing, recycled carbon fibers and GNP are effectively dispersed within the PA66 matrix. The alignment of these reinforcements during the injection molding process is monitored using the developed flow model, coupled with experimental rheological data. The resulting composites demonstrate significant improvements in mechanical properties due to enhanced interfacial interactions, including improved tensile properties up to 94%, flexural properties up to 86% compared to the neat PA66 by successfully integrating waste tire‐driven GNP and recycled carbon fibers. This study contributes to the development of sustainable materials for load‐bearing applications, utilizing recycled reinforcements with different aspect ratios.
Epoxy soybean oil plasticized vinyl chloride acrylate waterborne emulsion: Physically mixed versus chemically grafted
Authors: Wei Jiajun , Ouyang Chunfa , Shan Xiaoqian , Gao Qun , Zheng Kangsheng , Luo Wei
Published: July 2023

In this study, two types of epoxy soybean oil (ESO) modified vinyl chloride acrylate copolymer emulsion (vc‐m), that is, physically modified vc‐m‐1 and chemically grafted vc‐m‐2, were well prepared initially. The chemical structure, particle size distribution, surface morphology, flexibility, and mechanical properties of the three emulsions were studied through Fourier transform infrared analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, nano‐size analysis, atomic force microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, as well as tensile test. Compared with vc‐m, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of vc‐m‐1 and vc‐m‐2 was reduced by nearly 28%, the tensile strength was increased by 50%, and the elongation at break was improved by 70.5% and 70.7%, respectively. No significant difference was identified between vc‐m‐1 and vc‐m‐2. Furthermore, the chemical reaction mechanism and internal plasticizing mechanism of vc‐m‐2 synthesis were discussed. ESO enhanced the low‐temperature brittleness and mechanical strength of the emulsion, and vc‐m‐2 exhibited better migration stability while maintaining the identical flexibility and mechanical properties as vc‐m‐1. The modified emulsion is capable of adapting to low ambient temperatures when applied to coatings and road adhesives while showing promising applications.
Screening of yeast co‐culture using crude hydrolysate for co‐fermentation of pentose and hexose
Authors: Sandri Juliana P. , Milessi Thais S. , Zangirolami Teresa C. , Mussatto Solange I.
Published: July 2023

The use of all sugars from biomass fractionation – that is, hexoses and pentoses – is essential to develop feasible processes in a biorefinery context. Hexoses are converted into different products by most microorganisms. The main issue is the conversion of pentoses, especially when mixed with hexoses. Improving sugar conversion in co‐fermentation is a major challenge, which was explored in this work. Co‐culture using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evolved Kluyveromyces marxianus strains was evaluated by screening using 24 deep‐well plates. Glucose depletion and 83% of xylose conversion were achieved with supplemented hemicellulosic hydrolysate medium (medium volume corresponding to 2/5 of deep‐well volume), and initial cell concentrations of 2.5 g L‐1 for each yeast, incubated at 150 rpm. The screening strategy provided reliable data that confirmed the co‐culture as a promising approach for the co‐assimilation of biomass‐derived sugars. The importance of aeration control for effective xylose assimilation was also pointed out.
The role of a discussion forum within a web‐based psychoeducational intervention focusing on sex and fertility—What do young adults communicate?
Authors: Skog Rebecca , Lampic Claudia , Olsson Erik , Wettergren Lena
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study sought to investigate interactive participation and content of a moderated discussion forum within a web‐based psychoeducational intervention aimed at alleviating sexual dysfunction and fertility distress in young adults diagnosed with cancer.

Methods

The study is part of the Fex‐Can Young Adult randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which young adults with self‐reported sexual dysfunction or fertility distress were invited to participate. This study focuses on RCT participants that were randomized into the intervention condition. Sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of intervention participants and level of activity in the intervention were analyzed with descriptive statistics and compared between subgroups (“high” and “low” activity participants). Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the posts in the discussion forum.

Results

Of 135 intervention participants, 24% met the criteria for high activity participation. There were no statistically significant differences found in terms of clinical and sociodemographic characteristics between high and low activity participants. Ninety‐one participants (67%) accessed the discussion forum, and 19 (14%) posted at least once. Posters shared intimate details of their experiences of sexuality and fertility following cancer. The thematic analysis of posts resulted in four themes: fertility fears, perceptions of the changed body, missing out on life, and importance of support and information.

Conclusions

While a smaller proportion of participants posted in the discussion forum, a majority spent time reading posts (lurkers). Participants posting in the forum shared experiences of intimate relationships, body image, parenthood concerns, and support needs. The discussion forum was used by a majority of intervention participants, and provided appreciated support for those who posted in the forum. We therefore recommend similar interventions to include this opportunity for interaction and communication.
Green Chromatographic Methods and in Vitro Pharmacological Analysis of Varronia curassavica Leaf Derivatives
Authors: Moro Isabela Jacob , Carvalho Flávio Alexandre , Scardelato Pereira Juhan Augusto , Brasil Romão Gabriela , Faibicher André , Rodrigues Winner Duque , Pires Assis Renata , Lourenço Brunetti Iguatemy , de Lacorte Singulani Junya , Fusco‐Almeida Ana Marisa , Gonzaga dos Santos André
Published: July 2023

Varronia curassavica displays anti‐inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, and antioxidant activities. Herein, we employed new UHPLC –UV green chromatographic methods for the analysis of in vitro antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of V. curassavica and its embryotoxicity in Zebrafish. Cordialin A, brickellin, and artemetin were purified from the ethanol (EtOH) extract of V. Curassavica leaves and identified using spectrometric techniques. In line with Green Analytical Chemistry principles, the proposed UHPLC methods involve the use of ethanol as organic modifier with low mobile phase consumption, and without sample pretreatment (OLE‐UHPLC‐UV). The application of the Agree and HPLC‐EAT tools for greenness assessment yielded this pattern: HPLC‐UV (reference)<UHPLC‐UV<OLE‐UHPLC‐UV. Zebrafish assay results showed that 70 % EtOH extract of V. Curassavica leaves exhibited lower toxicity compared to 100 % EtOH extract, with LC50 of 164.3 and 122.9 μg/mL, respectively, in 24 h post fertilization. Some embryos exhibited malformation phenotypes in the heart, somites, and eyes, mainly in higher extract concentrations. Extracts and brickellin exhibited higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH⋅ assay, while brickellin+artemetin displayed higher antioxidant activity compared to the extracts and isolated flavones in the O2⋅− and HOCl/OCl− scavenging assays. Cordialin A and brickellin exhibited low COX‐1, COX‐2, and phospholipase A2 inhibition.
Synthetic Light‐Driven Consortia for Carbon‐Negative Biosynthesis
Authors: Li Chaofeng , Zheng Haotian , Li Hengrun , Liu Liangxu , Wang Jiawei , Ni Jun
Published: July 2023

Synthetic light‐driven consortia composed of phototrophs and heterotrophs have attracted increasing attention owing to their potential to be used in sustainable biotechnology. In recent years, synthetic phototrophic consortia have been used to produce bulk chemicals, biofuels, and other valuable bioproducts. In addition, autotrophic‐heterotrophic symbiosis systems have potential applications in wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and as a method for phytoplankton bloom control. Here, we discuss progress made on the biosynthesis of phototrophic microbial consortia. In addition, strategies for optimizing the synthetic light‐driven consortia are summarized. Moreover, we highlight current challenges and future research directions for the development of robust and controllable synthetic light‐driven consortia.
N‐Oxides as Control Element for the Direction of a Sigmatropic Rearrangement: Application as a Switch for Fluorescence
Authors: Spino Claude , Latil Marine , Lessard Roxanne , Fevre‐Renault Quentin , Legault Claude Y.
Published: July 2023

An exceptional level of control over the direction of the (2,3)‐sigmatropic rearrangement between N‐oxides and alkoxylamine is achieved by simply changing the solvent in which they are dissolved. Protic solvents like water, methanol and hexafluoroisopropanol favour the N‐oxide form, while other solvents like acetone, acetonitrile and benzene favour the alkoxylamine. The reaction temperature and nature of the substituents on the alkene affect the rate of rearrangement. A N‐oxide fragment was attached to two fluorescent molecules and acted as an on/off switch for their fluorescence. The conversion of alkoxylamines into the corresponding N‐oxides has not previously been described and is here termed the ‘Reverse Meisenheimer Rearrangement’.
Direct Synthesis of ABCD‐Porphyrin Platinum(II) Complexes via Dehydrative Aromatization
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Yokoyama Momoka , Maruyama Itsuki , Morisaki Yasuhiro
Published: July 2023

Since the development of the first method for porphyrin synthesis by Rothemund in 1935, porphyrin derivatives have been widely investigated and have played an essential role in chemical sciences. Most synthetic routes of porphyrins involve oxidative aromatization. Herein, we present a synthetic method to produce ABCD‐porphyrins, including chiral ones, through a one‐pot reaction involving “coordination, cyclization, and dehydrative aromatization” using a mono‐dipyrrinatoPt(II)Cl(COE) (COE=cyclooctene) complex as a platinum template.
A General Pathway towards NHC ⋅ GaH2(OTf) Adducts – The Key for the Synthesis of NHC‐Stabilized Cationic 13/15 Chain Compounds of Gallium
Authors: Szlosek Robert , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred
Published: July 2023

A general pathway towards NHC (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene)‐stabilized galliummonotriflates NHC ⋅ GaH2(OTf) (NHC=IDipp, 1 a; IPr2Me2, 1 b; IMes, 1 c; IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene, IPr2Me2=1,3‐bis‐(diisopropyl)‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene, IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) is reported. Quantum chemical calculations give detailed insight into the underlying reaction pathway. The obtained NHC ⋅ GaH2(OTf) compounds were employed in reactions with donor‐stabilized pnictogenylboranes to synthesize the elusive cationic parent 13/15/13 chain compounds [IDipp ⋅ GaH2ER2E'H2 ⋅ D][OTf] (3 a: D=IDipp, E=P, E’=B, R=H; 3 b: D=NMe3, E=P, E’=B, R=H, 3 c: D=NMe3, E=P, E’=B, R=Ph, 3 d: D=IDipp, E=P, E’=Ga, R=H). Supporting computational studies highlight the electronic features of the products.
Cancer‐associated thrombosis and drug–drug interactions of antithrombotic and antineoplastic agents
Authors: Bolek Hatice , Ürün Yüksel
Published: July 2023

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often associated with malignant diseases and notably contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT) brings additional costs to health expenditures and has a negative impact on oncological outcomes. Either the recurrence rate of VTE or bleeding complications are also higher in patients with cancer. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been recommended in peri‐surgical periods, inpatient settings, and high‐risk ambulatory patients. Although various risk stratification scores are used, none are ideal for identifying patients who can benefit from anticoagulant prophylaxis. New risk scoring systems or biomarkers are needed to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from prophylaxis with low bleeding risk. The questions about the patients who will be given prophylaxis and those who develop thromboembolism, with which drug, and how long they will be treated are still not fully answered. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of the treatment, but management of CAT remains complex. Low molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe options for the treatment of CAT. Recognizing adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, and accompanying conditions that cause dose adjustment is crucial. Prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with cancer require a multidisciplinary and patient‐based approach.

Plain Language Summary

Cancer‐associated thrombosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer.

Chemotherapy, surgery, and/or use of central venous access remarkably increase the risk of thrombosis.

Prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered not only in inpatient follow‐up and during peri‐surgical period but also ambulatory patients with a high risk of thrombosis.

Many parameters, such as drug–drug interactions, primary side of cancer, and comorbidities of patients should be considered when selecting anticoagulant drugs.

More accurate risk stratification scores or biomarkers are still an unmet need.
Reflective prolate‐spheroidal operators and the adelic Grassmannian
Authors: Casper W. Riley , Grünbaum F. Alberto , Yakimov Milen , Zurrián Ignacio
Published: July 2023

Beginning with the work of Landau, Pollak and Slepian in the 1960s on time‐band limiting, commuting pairs of integral and differential operators have played a key role in signal processing, random matrix theory, and integrable systems. Previously, such pairs were constructed by ad hoc methods, which essentially worked because a commuting operator of low order could be found by a direct calculation. We describe a general approach to these problems that proves that every point W of Wilson's infinite dimensional adelic Grassmannian gives rise to an integral operator , acting on for a contour , which reflects a differential operator with rational coefficients in the sense that on a dense subset of . By using analytic methods and methods from integrable systems, we show that the reflected differential operator can be constructed from the Fourier algebra of the associated bispectral function . The exact size of this algebra with respect to a bifiltration is in turn determined using algebro‐geometric methods. Intrinsic properties of four involutions of the adelic Grassmannian naturally lead us to consider the reflecting property above in place of plain commutativity. Furthermore, we prove that the time‐band limited operators of the generalized Laplace transforms with kernels given by the rank one bispectral functions always reflect a differential operator. A 90° rotation argument is used to prove that the time‐band limited operators of the generalized Fourier transforms with kernels admit a commuting differential operator. These methods produce vast collections of integral operators with prolate‐spheroidal properties, associated to the wave functions of all rational solutions of the KP hierarchy vanishing at infinity, introduced by Krichever in the late 1970s.
A soma‐synapses neuron model and FPGA implementation
Authors: Wang Zongxia , Yu Naigong , Essaf Firdaous
Published: July 2023

The neuron model serves as the foundation for building a neural network. The goal of neuron modeling is to shoot a tradeoff between the biological meaningful and the implementation cost, so as to build a bridge between brain science knowledge and the brain‐like neuromorphic computing. Unlike previous neuron models with linear static synapses, the focus of this research is to model neurons with relatively detailed nonlinear dynamic synapses. First, a universal soma‐synapses neuron (SSN) is proposed. It contains a soma represented by a leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron and multiple excitatory and inhibitory synapses based on ion channels dynamics. Short‐term plasticity and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity linked to biological microscopic mechanisms are also presented in the synaptic models. Then, SSN is implemented on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of each component in SSN is analyzed and evaluated. Finally, a neural network SSNN composed of SSNs is deployed on FPGA and used for testing. Experimental results show that the stimulus‐response characteristics of SSN are consistent with the electrophysiological test findings of biological neurons, and the activities of SSNN exhibit a promising prospect. We provide a prototype for embedded neuromorphic computing with a small number of relatively detailed neuron models.
Nitrogen Electrocatalysis: Electrolyte Engineering Strategies to Boost Faradaic Efficiency
Authors: Thapa Loknath , Retna Raj C.
Published: July 2023

The electrochemical activation of dinitrogen at ambient temperature and pressure for the synthesis of ammonia has drawn increasing attention. The faradaic efficiency (FE) as well as ammonia yield in the electrochemical synthesis is far from reaching the requirement of industrial‐scale production. In aqueous electrolytes, the competing electron‐consuming hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and poor solubility of nitrogen are the two major bottlenecks. As the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen involves proton‐coupled electron transfer reaction, rationally engineered electrolytes are required to boost FE and ammonia yield. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize various electrolyte engineering strategies to boost the FE in aqueous and non‐aqueous medium and suggest possible approaches to further improve the performance. In aqueous medium, the performance can be improved by altering the electrolyte pH, transport velocity of protons, and water activity. Other strategies involve the use of hybrid and water‐in‐salt electrolytes, ionic liquids, and non‐aqueous electrolytes. Existing aqueous electrolytes are not ideal for industrial‐scale production. Suppression of HER and enhanced nitrogen solubility have been observed with hybrid and non‐aqueous electrolytes. The engineered electrolytes are very promising though the electrochemical activation has several challenges. The outcome of lithium‐mediated nitrogen reduction reaction with engineered non‐aqueous electrolyte is highly encouraging.