bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and migraine: New findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)
Authors: Peterlin B Lee , Rosso Andrea L , Sheftell Fred D , Libon David J , Mossey Jana M , Merikangas Kathleen R
Published: September 2010

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with migraine and drug abuse.

Methods: This was an analysis of data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) to evaluate the association of PTSD in those with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic daily headache (CDH).

Results: Our sample consisted of 5,692 participants. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of PTSD were increased in those with EM and CDH. After adjustments, the lifetime odds ratio (OR) of PTSD was greater in those with EM (OR 3.07 confidence interval [CI]: 2.12, 4.46) compared to those without headache; was greater in men than women with EM (men: OR 6.86; CI: 3.11, 15.11; women: OR 2.77; CI: 1.83, 4.21); and was comparable or greater than the association between migraine with depression or anxiety. The lifetime OR of PTSD was also increased in CDH sufferers. The OR of illicit drug abuse was not increased in those with EM or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression.

Conclusion: The lifetime and 12-month OR of PTSD is increased in those with migraine or CDH, and is greater in men than women with migraine. The lifetime and 12-month OR of illicit drug abuse is not increased in those with migraine or CDH unless co-occurring with PTSD or depression.
A trans-cultural comparison of the organisation of care at headache centres world-wide
Authors: Bhola Ria , Goadsby Peter J
Published: September 2010

Background: The need to provide better outcomes for patients with headache, and to minimise the costs involved in doing so, has prompted the search for new modes of service delivery by exploring the service organisation and nursing role from various cultural, economic and global perspectives.

Materials and Methods: This study was based on comparisons with the UK headache service up to 2007, the point at which this study was set up. This UK service was based at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN, UCLH Trust). Data were obtained from US headache centres in 2008 and from centres in Copenhagen, Bangkok, Sydney and Porto Alegre in 2009.

Results: A comparison shows the key components of services at all centres showing the team structure and size of service. Prominent features at the centres included: team-working, regular meetings, educational input, good access and communication among team members, headache-trained neurologists, specialist nursing at most centres, and the input of psychological and physical therapists at some centres.

Conclusions: The problems of tertiary headache care are very similar throughout the world and seem to transcend ethnic, cultural and economic considerations.
The migrant worker factor in labour market policy reform
Authors: Devitt Camilla
Published: September 2010

Research on labour market policy reform in Western Europe has given insufficient attention to the ‘migrant worker factor’. Concerns about reduced availability of migrant workers, as well as more traditional concerns regarding labour market competition and socio-cultural integration, can catalyze a shift in labour market policy. I present recent cases of reform in the vocational education and training arena in Ireland and the UK, which were partly stimulated by these concerns. It appears that the ‘migrant worker factor’ contributes to labour market policy reforms which increase the role of the state in the economy.
Premature aortic stiffness in systemic lupus erythematosus by transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Roldan CA , Joson J. , Qualls CR , Sharrar J. , Sibbitt WL
Published: September 2010

To assess aortic stiffness by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to determine its clinical predictors and relation to age, blood pressure, renal function, and atherosclerosis, 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 94% women, with a mean age of 38 ± 12 years, and 22 age and gender-matched healthy controls underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations and multiplane TEE to assess stiffness, intima-media thickness (IMT), and plaques of the proximal, mid, and distal descending thoracic aorta. Stiffness at each level and overall aortic stiffness by the pressure-strain elastic modulus was higher in patients than in controls after adjusting for age (overall, 8.25 ± 4.13 versus 6.1 ± 2.5 Pascal units, p = 0.01). Patients had higher aortic stiffness than controls after adjusting both groups to the same mean age, blood pressure, creatinine, and aortic IMT (p = 0.005). Neither IMT nor plaques were predictors of aortic stiffness. Moreover, normotensive patients, those without aortic plaques, and non-smokers had higher stiffness than controls (all p < 0.05). Age at SLE diagnosis and non-neurologic damage score were the only SLE-specific independent predictors of aortic stiffness (both p ≤ 0.01). Thus, increased aortic stiffness is an early manifestation of lupus vasculopathy that seems to precede the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Instructional Interventions for Improving Proofreading and Editing Skills of College Students
Authors: Enos Marcella F.
Published: September 2010

This article summarizes a dissertation study designed to determine the effectiveness of instructional interventions that focus on proofreading and editing skills of first-year college students enrolled in business communication courses. The study used a pretest-posttest quasiexperimental control group design and collected data from 56 participants based on the results of the Grammar and Mechanics Diagnostic Assessment for two experimental groups and a control group. The results of the project were compiled and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a repeated measures analysis of variance.
Mechanical properties of sandwich panels with perforated foam cores
Authors: May-Pat A. , Avilés F. , Aguilar JO
Published: September 2010

Mechanical properties of sandwich panels employing E-glass/polyester face sheets bonded to a perforated foam core are evaluated and compared to sandwich panels fabricated with conventional plain sheet cores. Through-thickness compression testing, plate shear, face—core fracture toughness and weight measurements after infusion are used to evaluate the performance of both core configurations in sandwich panels. The influence of full and partial filling of the perforations with resin is also discussed based on experimental results and finite element analysis. It is found that complete filling of the core perforations with resin provide increased compression properties to the sandwich, at the expense of about 30% weight gain in the panel. Crack may be temporarily arrested when it meets a resin filled perforation, but this localized arrest is minor and does not significantly increase the global fracture toughness of the face—core interface. Partial resin filling of the perforations causes stress concentrations which significantly decrease the mechanical properties of the sandwich structure.
Beyond a subjective theory of value and towards a ‘fair price’: an organizational perspective on Fairtrade minimum price setting
Authors: Reinecke Juliane
Published: September 2010

This article explores Fairtrade minimum price setting as an organizational formulation of a critical response to economic liberalism and its underlying notion of value—a subjective theory of value. The aim of the article is to show what happens if such meta-level philosophical debates on fairness and markets are lived out organizationally. This is achieved by using an ethnographic study of the price setting process of the Fairtrade Labelling Organizations. The case unpacks the complexities of defining a ‘fair’ price beyond the principle of marginal utility. I draw on French pragmatist sociology in order to decompose the political and moral constructions that underpin the organizational practices of minimum price setting. Challenging the assumption of free choice in neo-classical economics, Fairtrade redefines not only how value should be calculated, but also what it is it that should be valued and who values. This makes visible the political confrontation at the point of price determination, notably by providing a social arena for where conflicts of interest between opposing parties are played out. Once the producer enters price formation processes as a person and not only as the alienable owner of a commodity, the social, political and ecological and relations of production come to the fore that are otherwise concealed through the spontaneous market mechanism.
Appraising Qualitative Research in Health Education: Guidelines for Public Health Educators
Authors: Jeanfreau Scharalda G. , Jack Leonard
Published: September 2010

Research studies, including qualitative studies, form the basis for evidence-based practice among health professionals. However, many practicing health educators do not feel fully confident in their ability to critically appraise qualitative research studies. This publication presents an overview of qualitative research approaches, defines key terminology used in qualitative research, and provides guidelines for appraising the strengths and weaknesses of published qualitative research. On reading, health educators will be better equipped to evaluate the quality of the evidence through critical appraisals of qualitative research publications.
At the interface of community and healthcare systems: a longitudinal cohort study on evolving health and the impact of primary healthcare from the patient's perspectiv
Authors: Haggerty Jeannie , Fortin Martin , Beaulieu Marie-Dominique , Hudon Catherine , Loignon Christine , Préville Michel , Roberge Danièle
Published: September 2010

Background

Massive efforts in Canada have been made to renew primary healthcare. However, although early evaluations of initiatives and research on certain aspects of the reform are promising, none have examined the link between patient assessments of care and health outcomes or the impacts at a population level. The goal of this project is to examine the effect of patient-centred and effective primary healthcare on the evolution of chronic illness burden and health functioning in a population, and in particularly vulnerable groups: the multi-morbid and the poor.

Methods/Design

A randomly selected cohort of 2000 adults aged 25 to 75 years will be recruited within the geographic boundaries of four local healthcare networks in Quebec. At recruitment, cohort members will report on socio-demographic information, functional health and healthcare use. Two weeks, 12 months and 24 months after recruitment, cohort participants will complete a self-administered questionnaire on current health and health behaviours in order to evaluate primary healthcare received in the previous year.

The dependent variables are calculated as change over time of functional health status, chronic illness burden, and health behaviours. Dimensions of patient-centred care and clinical processes are measured using sub-scales of validated instruments. We will use Poisson regression modelling to estimate the incidence rate of chronic illness burden scores and structural equation modelling to explore relationships between variables and to examine the impact of dimensions of patient-centred care and effective primary healthcare.

Discussion

Results will provide valuable information for primary healthcare clinicians on the course of chronic illness over time and the impact on health outcomes of accessible, patient-centred and effective care. A demonstration of impact will contribute to the promotion of continuous quality improvement activities at a clinical level. While considerable advances have been made in the management of specific chronic illnesses, this will make a unique contribution to effective care for persons with multiple morbidities. Furthermore, the cohort and data architecture will serve as a research platform for future projects.
Schizophrenia, amphetamine-induced sensitized state and acute amphetamine exposure all show a common alteration: increased dopamine D2 receptor dimerization
Authors: Wang Min , Pei Lin , Fletcher Paul J , Kapur Shitij , Seeman Philip , Liu Fang
Published: September 2010

Background

All antipsychotics work via dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs), suggesting a critical role for D2Rs in psychosis; however, there is little evidence for a change in receptor number or pharmacological nature of D2Rs. Recent data suggest that D2Rs form dimers in-vitro and in-vivo, and we hypothesized that schizophrenia, as well as preclinical models of schizophrenia, would demonstrate altered dimerization of D2Rs, even though the overall number of D2Rs was unaltered.

Methods

We measured the expression of D2Rs dimers and monomers in patients with schizophrenia using Western blots, and then in striatal tissue from rats exhibiting the amphetamine-induced sensitized state (AISS). We further examined the interaction between D2Rs and the dopamine transporter (DAT) by co-immunoprecipitation, and measured the expression of dopamine D2High receptors with ligand binding assays in rat striatum slices with or without acute amphetamine pre-treatment.

Results

We observed significantly enhanced expression of D2Rs dimers (277.7 ± 33.6%) and decreased expression of D2Rs monomers in post-mortem striatal tissue of schizophrenia patients. We found that amphetamine facilitated D2Rs dimerization in both the striatum of AISS rats and in rat striatal neurons. Furthermore, amphetamine-induced D2Rs dimerization may be associated with the D2R-DAT protein-protein interaction as an interfering peptide that disrupts the D2R-DAT coupling, blocked amphetamine-induced up-regulation of D2Rs dimerization.

Conclusions

Given the fact that amphetamine induces psychosis and that the AISS rat is a widely accepted animal model of psychosis, our data suggest that D2R dimerization may be important in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and may be a promising new target for novel antipsychotic drugs.
Potential therapeutic strategy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma by anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta gene tranfected T cells
Authors: Zheng Yihu , Yu Kang , Du Jimei , Jiang Lei , Zhang Shenghui , Han Yixiang , Yu Panpan , Tan Yingxia
Published: September 2010

Background

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment has not only increased survival and cure rates in many non-Hodgkin lymphomas, but also has prompted an explosion in the development of novel antibodies and biologically active substances with specific cellular targets in the field of malignancies treatment. Since the robust immune responses are elicited by the gene-modified T cells, gene based T cell therapy may also provide a powerful tool for cancer immunotherapy.

Methods

In this study, we developed a vector construction encoding a chimeric T cell receptor that recognizes the CD20 antigen and delivers co-stimulatory signals to achieve T cell activation. One non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line Raji cells co-cultured with peripheral blood-derived T cells were stably transfected with anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta gene or anti-CD20scFvFc gene. T cells expressing anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta or anti-CD20scFvFc gene co-cultured with CD20 positive Raji cells for different times. Cell lysis assay was carried by [3H]TdR release assay. The expressions of Fas, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 of Raji cells were detected by flow cytometric. The secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in co-culture medium was tested by ELISA assay. Activity of AP-1 was analyzed by EMSA.

Results

Following efficient transduction of peripheral blood-derived T cells with anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta gene, an obvious cell lysis of Raji cells was observed in co-culture. T cells transduced anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta gene had superior secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared to T cells transduced anti-CD20scFvFc gene. Also it led to a much stronger Fas-induced apoptosis signaling transduction in target cancer cells.

Conclusion

So adoptively T cells transduced anti-CD20scFvFc/CD28/CD3zeta gene mediates enhanced anti-tumor activities against CD20 positive tumor cells, suggesting a potential of gene-based immunotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
New Method of Full-Field Stress Analysis and Measurement Using Photoelasticity
Authors: Dijkstra Jelke , Broere Wout
Published: September 2010

Photoelastic measurements provide a means to obtain a meaningful representation of the stress state in a granular material over the full area of a plane-strain sample without the need to place stress transducers inside the sample. This method uses the property of non-crystalline materials to become optically anisotropic when put under stress. To measure the resultant relative retardation of a light beam transmitted through a model built from glass grains and a liquid with a matching refractive index in the pores, a full-field polariscope has been built. This setup is able to characterize the stress state in the full-field of the sample with only seven intensity measurements. A plane-strain pile penetration test is used as an example.
Effects of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Apparent Activation Energy
Authors: Poole J. L. , Riding K. A. , Juenger M. C. G. , Folliard K. J. , Schindler A. K.
Published: September 2010

The application of the Arrhenius equation to characterize the progress of cement hydration requires the use of an apparent activation energy (Ea) value to describe the temperature sensitivity of the combined hydration reactions. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume are an integral part of most concrete mixtures, but their impact on Ea has not been fully explored for a wide range of cement and SCM compositions and replacement levels. This information is important in order to predict heat from the hydration of concrete or strength development using the “maturity method.” This paper examines the effects of SCMs on the apparent activation energy (Ea). It was observed that increasing amounts of Class F fly ash and silica fume generally lowered Ea, but the effects of slag and Class C fly ash were dependent on the composition of the cement, particularly the aluminate, alkali, and soluble sulfate contents.
Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in women of reproductive age living in northern latitude
Authors: Gagnon Claudia , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , Desmarais Guillaume , Fink Guy D
Published: September 2010

Objective

This study assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) ≤50 nmol/l) and insufficiency (serum 25OHD 51–74 nmol/l) during summer and the predictors of serum 25OHD in young women of reproductive age.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Between May and September 2006, 153 healthy, ambulatory and essentially Caucasian women, aged 18–41 years, were recruited. Serum 25OHD and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured, and questionnaires were evaluated.

Results

About 3.9% of women had serum 25OHD ≤50 nmol/l with an additional 26.8% in the insufficient range. Most women (56.9%) had their blood sampled in September. Month of blood collection significantly influenced serum 25OHD. Body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with serum 25OHD, while traveling to a warmer climate during winter/spring and using oral contraceptive pills (OCP) were associated with higher serum 25OHD. Sunscreen was used by 77.8% of women, but only 3.3% reported consuming vitamin D supplements. BMI, serum PTH, travel to a warmer climate, and OCP use were independently and significantly associated with serum 25OHD, after adjustment for the month of sampling, and explained 40% of the variance in serum 25OHD.

Conclusions

In Canada, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is relatively high (30%) during summer in healthy women of reproductive age. Given the expected decrease in serum 25OHD during winter and the low consumption of vitamin D supplements, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is to be anticipated during winter, except maybe for those traveling to a warmer climate.
Conventional and novel biomarkers of treatment outcome in patients with acromegaly: discordant results after somatostatin analog treatment compared with surgery
Authors: Rubeck Kristine Z , Madsen Michael , Andreasen Caroline Marie , Fisker Sanne , Frystyk Jan , Jørgensen Jens Otto L
Published: September 2010

Context

Control of disease activity in acromegaly is critical, but the biochemical definitions remain controversial.

Objective

To compare traditional and novel biomarkers and health status in patients with acromegaly treated with either surgery alone or somatostatin analog (SA).

Design and methods

Sixty-three patients in long-term remission based on normalized total IGF1 levels after surgery alone (n=36) or SA (n=27) were studied in a cross-sectional manner. The groups were comparable at diagnosis regarding demographic and biochemical variables. Each subject underwent 3 h of serum sampling including a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Health status was measured by two questionnaires: EuroQoL and Acrostudy (Patient-assessed-Acromegaly symptom questionnaire (PASQ)).

Results

Total and bioactive IGF1 (μg/l) levels were similar (total: 185±10 (SA) versus 171±8 (surgery) (P=0.28); bioactive: 1.9±0.2 vs 1.9±0.1 (P=0.70)). Suppression of total and free GH (μg/l) during OGTT was blunted in the SA group (total GHnadir: 0.59±0.08 (SA) versus 0.34±0.06 (surgery) (P=0.01); free GHnadir: 0.43±0.06 vs 0.19±0.04 (P<0.01)). The insulin response to OGTT was delayed, and the 2-h glucose level was elevated during SA treatment (P=0.02). Disease-specific health status was better in patients after surgery (P=0.02).

Conclusions

i) Despite similar and normalized IGF1 levels, SA treatment compared with surgery alone was associated with less suppressed GH levels and less symptom relief; ii) this discordance may be due to specific suppression of hepatic IGF1 production by SA; iii) we suggest that biochemical assessment during SA treatment should include both GH and IGF1.
Influence of Silicon Doping on the SA-MOVPE of InAs Nanowires
Authors: Sladek Kamil , Penz Andreas , Weis Karl , Wirths Stephan , Volk Christian , Alagha Shima , Akabori Masashi , Lenk Steffi , Luysberg Martina , Lueth Hans , Hardtdegen Hilde , Schaepers Thomas , Gruetzmacher Detlev
Published: September 2010

The influence of Si-doping on the growth and material characteristics of InAs nanowires deposited by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was investigated. It was observed that above a certain partial pressure ratio, doping has an influence on the morphology. The nanowires exhibit better uniformity but lower height vs. diameter aspect ratio as the supply of the dopant increases. It was consistantly found that the specific conductance of the nanowires also increases. Moreover the electrical measurements showed a transition from semiconducting to metallic behavior in the case of highly doped nanowires.
The Effect of Increased Waste Loading on the Durability of High Level Waste Glass
Authors: Brookes Chris , Harrison Mike , Riley Andrew , Steele Carl James
Published: September 2010

This paper describes the results from static leach tests using the ASTM International standard Materials Characterisation Centre (MCC-1) and Product Consistency Test (PCT) protocols for inactive High Level Waste (HLW) glasses fabricated at full scale on the Sellafield Vitrification Test Rig. The samples comprised monoliths and powders of a 75:25 Oxide:Magnox Blend glass with 31 wt% waste incorporation and a Magnox-only glass with 35 wt% waste incorporation. The tests were carried out in de-ionized water at 90 °C for durations up to 42 days and normalized mass losses calculated.

The results of MCC-1 and PCT tests on both 31 wt% Blend and 35 wt% Magnox glasses, showing measurable differences to the corresponding standard 25 wt% waste incorporation glasses, are presented. A series of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) investigations were also undertaken. The variation in composition and thickness of the alteration layer with sample type and duration is reported.
Phase Composition and Elemental Distribution in the Vitrified U-bearing HLW Surrogate
Authors: Stefanovsky Sergey , Nikonov Boris , Omelianenko Boris , Marra James C
Published: September 2010

The blocks of glassy material at 55 wt.% SB4 waste loading produced in a demountable cold crucible and cooled to room temperature in cold crucible and glasses cooled in a resistive furnace by a canister centerline cooling (CCC) regime were sectioned to investigate phase composition and elemental distribution between various parts of the blocks. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies revealed some difference in the texture but not in phase composition of the materials sampled from various parts of the blocks. The glass samples were composed of vitreous and spinel structure phases. Spinel was present as both skeleton-type aggregates of fine (micron- or submicron-sized) crystals segregated at early stages of melt solidification and larger (up to tens of microns) individual more regular crystals formed during slow melt cooling. There was some tendency for elemental segregation in the glass block from the cold crucible with enrichment of the deeper zones with heavier transition metal ions and depletion of Na, Cs, Ca, Al and Si. Uranium was quite uniformly distributed within zones of the block and entered the vitreous phase.
Subsurface temperature maps in French sedimentary basins: new data compilation and interpolation
Authors: Bonté Damien , Guillou-Frottier Laurent , Garibaldi Cynthia , Bourgine Bernard , Lopez Simon , Bouchot Vincent , Lucazeau Francis
Published: September 2010

Assessment of the underground geothermal potential requires the knowledge of deep temperatures (1–5 km). Here, we present new temperature maps obtained from oil boreholes in the French sedimentary basins. Because of their origin, the data need to be corrected, and their local character necessitates spatial interpolation. Previous maps were obtained in the 1970s using empirical corrections and manual interpolation. In this study, we update the number of measurements by using values collected during the last thirty years, correct the temperatures for transient perturbations and carry out statistical analyses before modelling the 3D distribution of temperatures. This dataset provides 977 temperatures corrected for transient perturbations in 593 boreholes located in the French sedimentary basins. An average temperature gradient of 30.6°C/km is obtained for a representative surface temperature of 10°C. When surface temperature is not accounted for, deep measurements are best fitted with a temperature gradient of 25.7°C/km. We perform a geostatistical analysis on a residual temperature dataset (using a drift of 25.7°C/km) to constrain the 3D interpolation kriging procedure with horizontal and vertical models of variograms. The interpolated residual temperatures are added to the country-scale averaged drift in order to get a three dimensional thermal structure of the French sedimentary basins. The 3D thermal block enables us to extract isothermal surfaces and 2D sections (iso-depth maps and iso-longitude cross-sections). A number of anomalies with a limited depth and spatial extension have been identified, from shallow in the Rhine graben and Aquitanian basin, to deep in the Provence basin. Some of these anomalies (Paris basin, Alsace, south of the Provence basin) may be partly related to thick insulating sediments, while for some others (southwestern Aquitanian basin, part of the Provence basin) large-scale fluid circulation may explain superimposed cold and warm anomalies.
Fault-related hydrothermal dolomites in Cretaceous carbonates (Cantabria, northern Spain): Results of petrographic, geochemical and petrophysical studies
Authors: Shah Mumtaz M. , Nader Fadi H. , Dewit Julie , Swennen Rudy , Garcia Daniel
Published: September 2010

The present contribution documents NW-SE oriented fault and fracture related dolomites in Aptian-Albian carbonates (Karrantza area; northern Spain). Field observations revealed two main dolomite types, namely massive and zebra dolomite. Texturally, these dolomite types are mostly planar and nonplanar and variably reworked by subsequent alterations, which resulted in neomorphism and recrystallization, cataclastic deformation and calcite filling of dolostones. Petrographic and geochemical studies demonstrate the superposition of different diagenetic events, which were involved in multiphase dolomitization. Several phases of hydrothermal calcite cement pre- and post-date the dolomitisation events. Massive dolomites show overlapping stable isotopic ratios ranging from −16.9 to −8.9‰ (δ18 O V-PDB), and −2.6 to +3.1‰ (δ13 C V-PDB). Zebra dolomite shows more depleted values of δ18O and δ13C as compared to massive dolomites (δ18O: −18.1 to −15.2‰V-PDB and δ13C: −8.1 to +1.6‰ V-PDB). Fluid inclusion analyses show homogenization temperature (Th) values from 120 to 200°C and estimated salinities range between 10 and 24 eq. wt.% NaCl. Both dolomite types are nearly stoichiometric, with CaCO3 values between 50 and 52 mole% Limestones close to the dolomites show depleted δl8O values (similar to those of the dolomites), implying isotopic resetting during dolomitization. Recrystallization appears to have decreased the bulk porosity values in the interlocking nonplanar dolomite (with negligible porosity), while late-stage calcite cements occlude most of the remaining porosity, and make petrophysical measurements difficult to interpret. The possible source of dolomitizing fluids can be deeply buried Triassic evaporitic strata in the intra-platform basin, Keuper salt diapirs and/or Mg-bearing igneous rocks.
Cob Removal Effect on Sediment and Runoff Nutrient Loss from a Silt Loam Soil
Authors: Wienhold Brian J. , Gilley John E.
Published: September 2010

The cob fraction of corn (Zea maysL.) residue has been identified as a potential feedstock for ethanol production. However, the role of the cob in soil and water conservation is largely unknown. A rainfall simulator study was conducted in an irrigated corn field in Nebraska having replicated strips where corn residue was removed (6.0 ± 1.0 Mg ha−1residue remaining, 49.5% cover) or retained (12.9 ± 1.0 Mg ha−1residue remaining, 77% cover). Duplicate plots were installed in each strip and cobs were removed from one and retained in the other. Simulated rainfall was applied for 30 min at a mean rate of 83 mm h−1to plots at antecedent moisture and 24 h later at near saturated soil moisture conditions. Time to initiate runoff, runoff and sediment loss, and water quality parameters were measured. Residue removal reduced the time to initiate runoff (195.9 ± 1.0 vs. 239.5 ± 4.8 s) and increased sediment loss (0.36 ± 0.02 Mg ha−1vs. 0.27 ± 0.01 Mg ha−1). Cob removal reduced time to initiate runoff during the antecedent run but not during the saturated run. Residue removal and rainfall treatment (antecedent vs. saturated) affected runoff water quality parameters (NO3–N concentration, pH, soluble P concentration, and NO3–N loss). Cob removal did not affect runoff, sediment loss, runoff pH, NO3–N, NH4–N, or soluble P loss. Cob removal when adequate stover was retained did not negatively affect erosion and runoff nutrient loss at this site.
The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement: A Decade on
Authors: Stroebe Margaret , Schut Henk
Published: September 2010

The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement (DPM; Stroebe & Schut, 1999) is described in this article. The rationale is given as to why this model was deemed necessary and how it was designed to overcome limitations of earlier models of adaptive coping with loss. Although building on earlier theoretical formulations, it contrasts with other models along a number of dimensions which are outlined. In addition to describing the basic parameters of the DPM, theoretical and empirical developments that have taken place since the original publication of the model are summarized. Guidelines for future research are given focusing on principles that should be followed to put the model to stringent empirical test.
Exploring the Role of Experiential Avoidance from the Perspective of Attachment Theory and the Dual Process Model
Authors: Shear M. Katherine
Published: September 2010

Avoidance can be adaptive and facilitate the healing process of acute grief or it can be maladaptive and hinder this same process. Maladaptive cognitive or behavioral avoidance comprises the central feature of the condition of complicated grief. This article explores the concept of experiential avoidance as it applies to bereavement, including when it is adaptive when it is problematic. Adaptive avoidance is framed using an attachment theory perspective and incorporates insights from the dual process model (DPM). An approach to clinical management of experiential avoidance in the syndrome of complicated grief is included.
Clinical Comparison of Bur- and Laser-prepared Minimally Invasive Occlusal Resin Composite Restorations: Two-year Follow-up
Authors: Yazici A. R. , Baseren M. , Gorucu J.
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance

The laser could be a promising alternative for minimally invasive occlusal resin composite cavity preparations, as its clinical performance was similar to bur-prepared composite restorations.
Evaluation of LuGre Tire Friction Model with Measured Data on Multiple Pavement Surfaces
Authors: Rajapakshe M. P. , Gunaratne M. , Kaw A. K.
Published: September 2010

Accurate modeling of tire/pavement friction phenomena is of utmost importance in many applications such as vehicle braking control and frictional evaluation of pavements. LuGre tire friction model is a model which is used for this purpose by estimating its parameters using measured pavement friction data. In this investigation, LuGre model parameters were estimated using field data collected by a standard pavement friction measuring device (Locked Wheel Skid Trailer-ASTM E 274) at a group of pavements with different surface friction properties. Adequacy of the model to predict measured friction data from the device was statistically evaluated and the accuracy of estimated model parameters was determined. The results show the potential of this model to facilitate frictional evaluation of pavements using dynamic friction measuring equipment.
A Modified Dugoff Tire Model for Combined-slip Forces
Authors: Ding Nenggen , Taheri Saied
Published: September 2010

Easy-to-use tire models for vehicle dynamics have been persistently studied for such applications as control design and model-based on-line estimation. This paper proposes a modified combined-slip tire model based on Dugoff tire. The proposed model takes emphasis on less time consumption for calculation and uses a minimum set of parameters to express tire forces. Modification of Dugoff tire model is made on two aspects: one is taking different tire/road friction coefficients for different magnitudes of slip and the other is employing the concept of friction ellipse. The proposed model is evaluated by comparison with the LuGre tire model. Although there are some discrepancies between the two models, the proposed combined-slip model is generally acceptable due to its simplicity and easiness to use. Extracting parameters from the coefficients of a Magic Formula tire model based on measured tire data, the proposed model is further evaluated by conducting a double lane change maneuver, and simulation results show that the trajectory using the proposed tire model is closer to that using the Magic Formula tire model than Dugoff tire model.
RXRA introne polymorphism and ABO blood groups in chronic heart failure
Authors: Pavkova Goldbergova Monika , Spinarova Lenka , Spinar Jindrich , Vítovec Jiri , Parenica Jiri , Poloczek Martin , Vasku Anna
Published: September 2010

Retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRA), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, plays a key role in development, metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and intestinal cholesterol balance. The aim of this study was to examine an association of RXR alpha introne 5 A(39526)AA polymorphism and ABO blood groups with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the Czech population. A total of 238 patients with chronic heart failure and a control group of 246 subjects were included in the study. The RXR alpha gene polymorphism and ABO blood groups were detected by PCR and RFLP methods. Significant differences in distributions of RXRA A(39526)AA alleles and genotypes between CHF patients and controls were observed (Pg=0.03, Pa=0.02). The RXRA gene polymorphism differences of within blood group A between CHF patients and controls were highly significant in genotype distributions (Pg=0.002) and in allele frequency comparisons (Pa=0.0001). The prevalence of AA allele in CHF patients with A blood group was four-fold lower than in controls with the same blood group (OR=0.24; Pcorr=0.0001). A highly significant association of RXRA introne single-nucleotide insertion polymorphism and A blood group in chronic heart failure was observed. Our results suggest close linkage between RXRA A(39526)AA polymorphism and ABO blood groups.
What’s Culture Got to Do With It?
Authors: Cole Michael
Published: September 2010

The author examines the role of culture in education in historical perspective to suggest the conditions required to promote generalized educational reform. Although deliberate instruction appears to be a ubiquitous characteristic of human beings, schools arise only when large numbers of people begin to live in close proximity, using technologies that create economic surpluses. Schooling is associated with the development of institutionalized hierarchies, modes of cultural transmission associated with writing and record keeping, and increased political-economic disparities within societies. The author examines several strategies for seeking change in the cultural foundations of schooling. He offers suggestions for why such strategies appear to have limited impact, and he discusses changes in global conditions that might lead to generalized educational reform.
Regional presentation of hepatic diseases: CT and MR imaging findings of differential diagnosis
Authors: Shang Sherry S. , Furlan Alessandro , Almusa Omar , Ahmed-Amr Hesham M. , Bae Kyongtae T.
Published: September 2010

Neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases may involve the liver with a regional distribution, which is defined as a non-focal process without any specific anatomic predilection. In this pictorial essay we review hepatic diseases commonly presenting with a regional distribution in the liver and describe the CT and MR imaging findings helpful for differential diagnosis. Knowledge of the characteristic imaging manifestations of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases affecting the liver regionally will facilitate an accurate diagnosis and result in the appropriate clinical management of these liver diseases.
Relative Effectiveness of Grooves in Tire and Pavement for Reducing Vehicle Hydroplaning Risk
Authors: Fwa T. F. , Anupam Kumar , Ong G. P.
Published: September 2010

Grooving of pavement surface and tire tread has been accepted as good practice to enhance road travel safety against wet weather skidding and hydroplaning. Many guidelines on this practice have been derived from findings of experimental studies and field experience. However, theoretical studies to provide insights into the factors and mechanisms involved are lacking. A theoretically derived analytical simulation model was used to study the relative effectiveness of pavement grooving and tire grooving in reducing vehicle hydroplaning risk. Three basic grooving configurations were considered: ungrooved, longitudinally grooved, and transversely grooved. There are nine different combinations of grooving configurations. To form a common basis for comparison, constant values of groove width, groove spacing, and water-film thickness were considered in the computation of hydroplaning speeds for different groove depths. Transverse grooves performed better than longitudinal grooves in raising hydroplaning speed (i.e., reducing hydroplaning risk), and pavement grooving was a more effective measure than tire tread grooving in reducing hydroplaning risk. Further detailed examinations of the results were conducted to study the practical implications of the findings. For longitudinal grooving, which is commonly adopted in highways, pavement and tire grooving are of equal importance in their contributions toward reducing hydroplaning risk. In the case of runways where transverse grooving is the standard practice, pavement grooving is the dominating component in guarding against hydroplaning.
Analyzing Route Choice Behavior with Mobile Phone Trajectories
Authors: Schlaich Johannes
Published: September 2010

Drivers have available an increasing number of options for informing themselves about the current traffic state and to subsequently make route choice decisions based on this information. Governments are investing heavily to build and operate variable message signs (VMS), drivers are buying navigation systems that show the current traffic state, and third-party providers are setting up systems that give information about the traffic state via Internet or phone. To evaluate public investments particularly, it is necessary to know how this information affects route choice behavior. Analyses were made of route choices in two study areas equipped with VMS that give recommendations for routes. The influences of VMS, broadcast traffic state, and other factors are evaluated by using maximum likelihood estimations. A unique feature of the analyses is the large database of observed route choice decisions, which are extracted from mobile phone trajectories. The total number of observations analyzed for this paper amounts to 1.4 million.
Time to Play?
Authors: Mahmassani H. S. , Chen R. B. , Huang Y. , Williams D. , Contractor N.
Published: September 2010

The online session behavior of users in a multiplayer online role playing game is examined. Three dimensions of online sessions are studied: frequency of sessions, distribution of start and stop times, and duration. These measures are modeled and examined econometrically to understand their relationships with attributes of the users and their avatars. Frequency is analyzed by using a negative binomial regression to uncover relationships with contributing factors, such as the experience level of players and the number of avatars per user account. Start and stop time distributions are examined aggregately with discrete choice models that capture the probability of starting a session in relation to the sociodemographics of users. Duration models are estimated by using data on the characteristics of events that occur within the duration and other user sociodemographics and player attributes. Since sessions are not explicitly indicated within the data set, sessions were stitched together on the basis of an assumed threshold for offline duration. Overall, these models and results provide insight into temporal characteristics of online sessions, including their aggregate traffic characteristics, such as frequency, headways, and duration length. These results also provide information on the nature of online game playing from a user perspective.
Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot After Percutaneous Coiling of MAPCA: A Case Report
Authors: Rasul GH , Sharifuzzaman M , Hassan M , Rahman MZ , Momenuzzaman M , Kabir J
Published: September 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v32i1.6010 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2008; Vol.32(1): 29-32
Treacher Collins Syndrome - A Case Report
Authors: Islam Farzana , Afroza Ainun , Rukunuzzaman Md , Rahman Atiar , Hassan Shariful
Published: September 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v32i1.6011Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2008; Vol.32(1): 33-36
Propriétés psychométriques de l'échelle Alarme Détresse Bébé (ADBB) appliquée à 81 enfants italiens
Authors: De Rosa Emilia , Curró Vincenzo , Wendland Jaqueline , Maulucci Silvia , Maulucci Maria Lucia , De Giovanni Livia
Published: September 2010

Résumé Le but de cette étude a été de valider l’échelle Alarme Détresse Bébé (ADBB), destinée à évaluer le comportement de retrait relationnel chez les enfants âgés de 2 à 24 mois, dans un échantillon de 81 jeunes enfants italiens. L’étude a été effectuée à la Clinique de Pédiatrie Générale de l’Hôpital Général Universitaire Agostino Gemelli, à Rome. L’échelle ADBB a été utilisée par des pédiatres et des psychologues lors de visites pédiatriques de routine. Les premier et deuxième axes de la Classification Diagnostique DC 0-3 ont été utilisés comme mesures diagnostiques de référence. Un score seuil de 5 ou plus (4/5) a été associé à des meilleurs indices de validité (0.82) et de spécificité (0.85), à l’instar des valeurs rencontrées dans la validation française de l’échelle. Les troubles dans la relation mère-enfant cotés sur l’axe deux de la Classification DC 0-3 apparaissent toujours associés à un score positif à l’ADBB. Des scores dépassant le seuil de retrait à l’ADBB sont aussi associés à la dépression maternelle postnatale. De plus, nous avons rencontré des corrélations positives entre le score total à l’ADBB et le type d’accouchement, l’allaitement et la présence d’une pathologie psychiatrique actuelle chez la mère. Ces données confirment que des enfants nés par césarienne (ayant moins souffert de douleur physique), des enfants allaités (ayant plus de contact physique avec le corps de leur mère), ainsi que des enfants ayant une bonne relation avec leur mère tendent à mieux se socialiser. La présente étude confirme également les qualités psychométriques et la valeur clinique de l’échelle ADBB. Elle souligne l’importance d’être capable de dépister la dépression maternelle postnatale lorsque l’enfant montre des signes de retrait relationnel.
Analyzing the major drivers of NEE in a Mediterranean alpine shrubland
Authors: Reverter B. R. , Sánchez-Cañete E. P. , Resco V. , Serrano-Ortiz P. , Oyonarte C. , Kowalski A. S.
Published: September 2010

Abstract. Two years of continuous measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using the eddy covariance technique were made over a Mediterranean alpine shrubland. This ecosystem was found to be a net source of CO2 (+ 52 ± 7 g C m−2 and + 48 ± 7 g C m−2 for 2007 and 2008) during the two-year study period. To understand the reasons underlying this net release of CO2 into the atmosphere, we analysed the drivers of seasonal variability in NEE over these two years. We observed that the soil water availability – driven by the precipitation pattern – and the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) are the key factors for understanding both the carbon sequestration potential and the duration of the photosynthetic period during the growing season. Finally, the effects of the self-heating correction to CO2 and H2O fluxes measured with the open-path infrared gas analyser were evaluated. Applying the correction turned the annual CO2 budget in 2007 from a sink (− 135 ± 7 g C m−2) to a source (+ 52 ± 7 g C m−2). The magnitude of this change is larger than reported previously and is shown to be due to the low air density and cold temperatures at this high elevation study site.