bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Characteristics and Predicting the Survival of Head and Neck Melanoma versus Body Melanoma: A Population-based Study
Authors: Ding Yuxin , Jiang Runyi , Chen Yuhong , Jing Jing , Yang Xiaoshuang , Wu Xianjie , Zhang Xiaoyang , Xu Jiali , Xu Piaopiao , LiuHuang ShuChen , Lu Zhangfa
Published: January 2021

Background
Previous studies have reported poorer survival in head and neck melanoma (HNM) than in body melanoma (BM). Individualized tools to predict the prognosis for patients with HNM or BM remain insufficient.
Objectives
To compare the characteristics of HNM and BM, and to establish and validate the nomograms for predicting the 3-, 5- and 10-year survival of patients with HNM or BM.
Methods
We studied patients with HNM or BM from 2004 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The HNM group and BM group were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. We performed the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis, and used multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to identify independent prognostic factors. Nomograms for HNM patients or BM patients were developed via the rms package, and were measured by the concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration plots.
Results
Of 70605 patients acquired, 21% (n = 15071) had HNM and 79% (n = 55534) had BM. The HNM group contained more older patients, male patients, and lentigo maligna melanoma, and more frequently had thicker tumors and metastases than the BM group. The 5-year CSS and OS rates were 88.1 ± 0.3% and 74.4 ± 0.4% in the HNM group and 92.5 ± 0.1% and 85.8 ± 0.2% in the BM group, respectively. Eight independent prognostic factors (age, sex, histology, thickness, ulceration, stage, metastases, and surgery) were identified to construct nomograms for HNM patients or BM patients. The performance of the nomograms were excellent: the C-index of the CSS prediction for HNM patients and BM patients in the training cohort were 0.839 and 0.895, respectively; in the validation cohort, they were 0.848 and 0.888, respectively; the AUCs for the 3-, 5- and 10-year CSS rates of HNM were 0.871, 0.865 and 0.854 (training), and 0.881, 0.879 and 0.861 (validation), respectively; of BM, the AUCs were 0.924, 0.918 and 0.901 (training) and 0.916, 0.908 and 0.893 (validation), respectively; and the calibration plots showed great consistency.
Conclusions
The characteristics of HNM and BM are heterogeneous, and we constructed and validated specific nomograms as practical prognostic tools for patients with HNM or BM.
Increased levels of serum IL-17 and induced sputum neutrophil percentage are associated with severe early-onset asthma in adults
Authors: Chen Dandan , Zhang Yu , Yao Can , Li Binbin , Li Sinian , Liu Wenwen , Chen Rongchang , Shi Fei
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDifferences between adult patients with severe early-onset and late-onset asthma have not been well studied.Objectives:To determine the phenotypic distinction regarding age at onset in patients with severe asthma.MethodsThe present study enrolled thirty-two patients with severe early-onset (onset age < 12 years) asthma and thirty-two patients with severe late-onset (onset age > 12 years) asthma. Severe asthma was defined according to Global Initiative for Asthma criteria. The clinical, spirometric, and laboratory parameters were collected for group comparisons.ResultsAmong the 64 patients included (mean age, 46.22 ± 13.90 years; 53.1% male), the mean percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 68.43 ± 20.55%. Patients with severe early-onset asthma had a younger age, longer duration of asthma, higher rate of family history, and better small-airway function (MEF25% and MMEF75/25%) compared with severe late-onset asthma. Furthermore, levels of serum IL-17 and sputum neutrophil percentage were significantly higher for patients with severe early-onset asthma (P = 0.016, 0.033, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that increased serum IL-17 (odds ratio = 1.065, P = 0.016) was independently associated with severe early-onset asthma. The combination of serum IL-17 and sputum neutrophil percentage yielded a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 86.7% for identifying patients with severe early-onset asthma.ConclusionsPatients with severe early-onset asthma exhibit elevated levels of serum IL-17 and sputum neutrophil percentage, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of severe early-onset phenotype.
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predicts exercise tolerance in COPD patients
Authors: Deng Mingming , Yin Yan , Zhang Qin , Zhou Xiaoming , Yang Ting , Hou Gang , Wang Chen
Published: January 2021

Background & aimsImpaired exercise tolerance is a clinical feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with disease progression and increased mortality. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a reliable and widely used measure of exercise capacity. However, it is not commonly used in primary medical institutions because it requires a suitable venue and professional training. Developing a simple tool to assess exercise tolerance is important. Molecular biomarkers show potential for evaluating the clinical outcomes (mortality, exacerbation) of COPD patients. The aim of this study was to identify simple and effective biomarkers to predict poor exercise tolerance in COPD patients.MethodsTen genes were selected by weighted correlation network analysis and differentially expressed gene analysis. Validation in an independent dataset led to the identification of PLA2G7, which was verified as a potential biomarker in COPD by bioinformatics analysis. The concentration of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene, was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a prospective validation cohort. The predictive capacity of Lp-PLA2 for 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) < 350 m was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Traditional clinical features and Lp-PLA2 levels were incorporated into a nomogram to build a predictive model for poor exercise tolerance.ResultsThe final cohort included 92 stable COPD patients and 16 healthy smokers. Lp-PLA2 was upregulated in COPD patients and increased along with GOLD stage. Lp-PLA2 level was significant correlated with FEV1/FVC, BMI, FFMI, CAT score, mMRC score, and 6MWD in COPD patients. The predictive efficacy of Lp-PLA2 level (AUC: 0.796) and the derived nomogram model (AUC: 0.884) for exercise tolerance was superior to that of the sit-to-stand test and traditional clinical features.ConclusionLp-PLA2 is a promising biomarker for COPD patients and is suitable for assessing exercise tolerance in clinical practice.
Pulmonary bacterial infections in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a retrospective observational study
Authors: HUSAIN Maya , Valayer Simon , Poey Nora , Rondinaud Emilie , d’Humières Camille , Visseaux Benoit , Lariven Sylvie , Lescure François-Xavier , Deconinck Laurène
Published: January 2021

Backround

During the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotics use was very common. However, bacterial co/secondary infections with coronaviruses remain largely unknown, especially outside of intensive care. The aim of this study was to investigate the pulmonary bacterial infections characteristics associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.
Methods

A retrospective monocentric observational study was conducted in Bichat hospital in France, between February 26 and April 22, 2020. All patients hospitalized in standard wards with COVID-19 (positive nasopharyngeal PCR and/or typical aspect on CT scan) and diagnosed with a pulmonary bacterial infection (positive bacteriological samples) were included. Bacteriological and clinical data were collected from the microbiology laboratories and the patient's medical records.
Results

Twenty-three bacteriological samples from 22 patients were positive out of 2075 screened samples (1.1%) from 784 patients (2.8%). Bacterial infection occurred with a median of ten days after COVID-19 onset. Diagnosis of pulmonary bacterial infection was suspected on the increase of oxygen requirements (20/22), productive cough or modification of sputum (17/22), or fever (10/22). Positive samples included 13 sputum cultures, one Film Array® on sputum, one bronchoalveolar lavage, six blood cultures and two pneumococcal antigenuria. The most frequent bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6/23), Staphylococcus aureus (5/23), Streptococcus pneumoniae (4/23), Enterococcus faecalis (3/23) and Klebsiella aerogenes (3/23). No Legionella antigenuria was positive. Four out of 496 nasopharyngeal PCR (0.8%) were positive for intracellular bacteria (two Bordetella pertussis and two Mycoplasma pneumonia).
Conclusions

Pulmonary bacterial secondary infections and co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 are uncommon. Antibiotic use should remain limited in the management of COVID-19.
Osteonecrosis of The Hip: Is There A Difference In The Survivorship Of Total Hip Arthroplasty With or Without Previous Vascular Iliac Bone Grafting
Authors: Chau Wai Wang , Ng Jonathan Patrick , Lau Hiu-Woo , Ong Michael Tim-Yun , Chung Kwong-Yin , Ho Kevin Ki-Wai
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating condition. Vascularized iliac bone grafts (VIBG) is a joint preserving surgery to improve blood supply to the avascular portion of the femoral head which may delay secondary osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, whether VIBG will affect the subsequent THA survivorship and outcomes is still uncertain.MethodsImplant survivorship and clinical outcomes were compared between 37 patients who had undergone prior VIBG and 302 patient who had only undergone THA for ONFH. Baseline characteristics and the postoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) were also recorded and compared between the two groups. Implant survivorship was determined using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe overall implant survival for all patients who had a primary diagnosis of ONFH and eventually underwent THA was 92.9%. There was no significant difference in the implant survivorship between the group who directly received THA (survivorship of 93%), and the group which failed VIBG and was subsequently converted to THA (survivorship of 91.9%) (p= 0.71). In addition, higher THA revision rates were associated with smokers and drinkers. ConclusionsVIBG may be a reasonable option as a “buy-time” procedure for ONFH. Even if conversion to THA is eventually required, patients may be reassured that the overall survivorship and clinical outcomes may not be compromised. Patients are recommended to give up smoking and binge drinking before THA to increase the implant survival rate.
NH4V3O8 Rectangular Nanotube: A Novel High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kou Lingjiang , Song Jiajia
Published: January 2021

The morphology and nanosize of cathode materials play a crucial role in the improved electrochemical properties of the electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel NH4V3O8 rectangular nanotube via a facile one-pot solvothermal protocol with the use of the mixing solvent containing glycerol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol. The morphology and nanosize evolution of the as-prepared NH4V3O8 materials from the addition of different solvents has been systematically investigated. The electrochemical properties of these materials are closely related to their structure. Compared with other synthesized counterparts with three different morphologies (nanoparticle, ultra-small nanoparticle, and hierarchical microsheet), the resultant NH4V3O8 rectangular nanotube exhibited high reversible capacity with a maximum discharge capacity of 253.8 mAh g− 1at 15 mA g− 1, and the capacity retention rate is 75 % after 50 cycles. This work reveals the relationship between the morphology and electrochemical performance of NH4V3O8 and provides a feasible method for the synthesis of high-performance electrode materials.
Gross Values: Investigating the role of disgust in bioethics
Authors: Sanyal Mohima , McAuliffe William B , Curry Oliver Scott
Published: January 2021

What is the role of disgust in moral judgements? Previous research found that disgust increases the severity of judgments; but other more recent work has cast doubt on these findings. Here we investigate roles of induced and trait disgust on moral judgments of controversial biological and medical technologies – bioethics – an area rife with proto-typical disgust cues. Participants (N = 600) viewed disgusting, frightening, or neutral pictures, rated the moral acceptability of biomedical technologies, and completed questionnaire measures of trait disgust. We found a small negative effect of induced disgust (but not fear) on the acceptability of ‘existing’ biotechnology, but not ‘future’, ‘agricultural’, or ‘termination’ biotechnologies. But this effect was too small to change pre-existing opinions and would not have survived a correction for multiple tests. Although trait disgust had mostly negative relationships with moral acceptability of biotechnologies, it did not moderate the effect of observing disgusting photos on biotechnology judgments. The larger, more consistent effects for trait disgust suggest that either (a) measures of trait disgust and moral attitudes share a source of method variance or (b) incidental, visual manipulations are too weak to capture the true effect of disgust on moral judgments.
Evaluation of ibuprofen and diclofenac in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum.
Authors: Ríos Sara E. Gallego , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: January 2021

This is one of the first studies carried out over three climatic seasons on the determination of ibuprofen and diclofenac, in the main rivers of Colombia and striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum. Determination of water concentrations was carried out using SPE extraction, while for the analysis of the muscular tissue the extraction was carried out by QuEChERS. For both matrices, quantification was done by UHPLC-MS/MS. No levels of ibuprofen or diclofenac concentrations were found in muscle tissue of Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, in any season or sampling site, during the two years of sampling. In some sampling sites, concentrations of up to 75 µg/L of diclofenac were detected, corresponding to the sampling carried out in the dry season, being the highest reported so far in surface waters, possibly generated by large concentrations of population or agricultural activities. On the other hand, for ibuprofen, no concentrations above the limit of quantification (0.50 µg/L) were found in the waters of the Cauca and Magdalena rivers, for any season and sampling site.
An Analysis of Social Interaction between Novice Older Adults When Learning Gesture-based Skills Through Simple Digital Games
Authors: Springett Mark Vincent , Mihajlov Martin , Brzovska Ezeni , Orozel Mihaela , Elsner Vesna , Oppl Sabrina , Stary Christian , Keith Suzette , Richardson James
Published: January 2021

This paper reports three exploratory empirical studies with older adults that had little or no prior experience with interactive technologies. The participants were introduced to interactive technology by playing games on touchscreens, playing in pairs with the assistance of a mentor. We focus on two principle aspects, the peer-to-peer interaction during these sessions, and the role of the mentor in progressing the sessions. In the case of peer-to-peer interaction we looked for ways in which players supported each other during interaction to assess the role of peer interaction in this context. In the case of mentoring, we examined the efficacy of a minimalist approach where verbal encouragement, suggestions or (in the last resort) intervention are used to provide support to learners. The sessions showed that learners typically could play and learn basic manipulations independently after initial help and guidance from mentors. We also found that peer interaction, both in verbal and non-verbal communication and cooperative action was broadly a positive influence within sessions, suggesting that there is significant value in building confidence as well as in learning.
Astrocyte-to-neuron transportation of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein in cerebral cortex requires F-actin dependent Tunneling Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Jing , Cao Junyan
Published: January 2021

Tunneling Nanotube (TNT) , a dynamic cell-cell contact, is dependent on actin polimerization. TNTs are efficient in transporting ions, proteins and organelles intercellularly, which are important mechanisms in physiological and phathological precesses. Reported studies on the existence and function of TNTs among neural cells focus on cultured cell for the convenience in detecting TNTs’ ultrastructure. In this study, the adeno-associated virus (AAV-GFAP-EGFP-p2A-cre) was injected in the cerebral cortex of knock-in mice ROSA26 GNZ. GFAP promoter initiated the expression of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) in infected astrocytes. At 10 days post injection (10 DPI), we found that EGFP could transfer from astrocytes in layerⅠ-Ⅲ to neurons in layer Ⅴ. The dissemination of EGFP was not through endocytosis or exosome. And the intercellular transportation of EGFP was F-actin dependent. Therefore, we concluded EGFP transported from astrocytes to neurons in coetex via F-actin dependent TNTs. Although it is hardly to detect the ultrastrucute of TNTs in brain for its transiency and the noisy background, we established an animal model and indirect experimental methods to explore TNTs in vivo.
Usefulness of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 as a predictor of sustained remission in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Ishizaki Jun , Takemori Ayako , Horie Kenta , Hiraoka Daisuke , Suemori Koichiro , Matsumoto Takuya , Sada Ken-ei , Amano Koichi , Harigai Masayoshi , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi , Takenaka Katsuto , Takemori Nobuaki , Hasegawa Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

Background: We previously identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) as a biomarker of disease activity that distinguished mildly or highly active antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) from remission 6 months after the initiation of remission-induction therapy. In the present study, we investigated whether TIMP-1 is clinically useful as a predictor of relapse and sustained remission in AAV patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) during maintenance therapy.Methods: The relationship between serum TIMP-1 levels and clinical outcomes in AAV patients receiving maintenance therapy was assessed using the follow-up data of a Japanese large-cohort study (the RemIT-JAV-RPGN study) and data collected from AAV patients on maintenance therapy in our hospital (the MAAV-EU study).Results: In the RemIT-JAV RPGN study, serum levels of TIMP-1 were significantly higher in mildly active AAV patients with MPA and GPA (median BVAS 5) 6 months after the initiation of remission-induction therapy than in patients in remission. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in C-reactive protein (CRP) or myeloperoxidase-ANCA levels between these groups. Regarding maintenance therapy, elevated levels of TIMP-1 in patients in remission were associated with relapse and/or difficulty reducing the glucocorticoid dosage after 6 to 12 months. In the MAAV-EU study, serum levels of TIMP-1 were elevated in relapsed patients 6 months before relapse, earlier than the increase in serum levels of CRP. Analyses of both studies revealed that approximately 30% of patients in remission with a serum TIMP-1 level ≥150 ng/mL relapsed after 6 to 12 months, while the majority of patients with a TIMP-1 level <150 ng/mL sustained remission for at least 12 months. This result suggests that a serum TIMP-1 level <150 ng/mL reflects complete remission and ≥150 ng/mL indicates subclinical inflammation, even with BVAS 0.Conclusion: We herein demonstrated that TIMP-1 is more useful as a predictive biomarker of sustained remission than as a predictor of relapse in maintenance therapy for AAV. TIMP-1 levels <150 ng/mL are important for the long-term maintenance of remission and may be an indicator for the tapering or cessation of treatment.
Inclusive practice for students with neurodevelopmental disorders in Sweden
Authors: Bölte Sven , Leifler Emma , Berggren Steve , Borg Anna
Published: January 2021

‘Inclusion’ aims to achieve adaptation of the environment to the diverse prerequisites and needs of individuals, instead of demanding of individuals to cope with the challenges of a given context themselves exclusively. All Scandinavian countries have made formal decisions to enhance inclusive practice for children and adolescents with disabilities in educational settings, seeking to implement international conventions. We investigated current inclusive practice for students with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in Swedish primary, secondary and high-schools using the 61-item INCLUSIO scale among N=4778 school staff with educational responsibilities in 68 public and private schools across 11 municipalities. Overall, school staff reported not to be well prepared to teach students with NDDs and that their school’s implementation of concrete inclusive practice was limited. Findings indicate a gap between inclusive educational ambitions and current practice for students with NDDs. Enriched teacher education and supervision for NDDs, a shift in pedagogical views of NDDs and better collaboration between community services, as well as systematic evidence-based implementation plans driven by policy makers and educational authorities may help improve inclusive practice.
Tourist tax administration in the fiscal target system for hospitality businesses
Authors: Bovsh Liudmyla , Okhrimenko Alla , Boiko Margarita , Kumar Gupta Sandeep
Published: January 2021

Decentralization reforms cause social challenges and shape a new configuration, conditions and behavioral etiquette for business entities in the fiscal environment of local communities in Ukraine. Destinations with significant tourism potential can form a powerful budgetary resource through local taxes, including tourist tax. The study aims to develop a tourist tax administration system in the context of drawing up local budgets and fiscal targets of hospitality businesses. The dynamics of tourist tax revenues to local budgets was traced, which shows a rapid growth in the pre-pandemic period by 47.1% and a slight decrease in 2020. The forecast indicators for the tourist tax growth are determined: by the end of 2022, it is 73.4% compared to 2019. The likelihood of achieving such results is justified by the increase in domestic tourist flows and the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the tourist tax administration system. Most united territorial communities (UTC) have problems with formalizing the management process, lack of strategic vision, partial or complete lack of information on budgeting and administration of taxes and fees, including tourist tax. This led to the following proposals: the development of strategies and tactics that motivate fiscal discipline; assistance to cooperation of hospitality entities with UTCs; providing digitalization, agilization and forward-looking improvements that set benchmarks for business. The emphasis is on hospitality businesses’ ability of effectively utilize the financial resources generated by the tourist tax, which will contribute to developing the overall potential of UTCs and shaping the competitiveness of territories.
Specialized dietary food products in oncological practice
Authors: Pilat T. L.
Published: January 2021

This review presents current data on the role of nutritional support in patients with cancer. The main reasons for the decrease in body weight, protein-energy deficiency in the development of malignant neoplasms are described. The data substantiating the appointment of dietary food products in various phases of the disease to patients receiving systemic anticancer therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy) for a long time, and to cancer patients who underwent volumetric abdominal surgery are presented. The mechanisms of intoxication arising as a result of the disease itself, as well as a result of prolonged polychemoor irradiation therapy, are described in detail. The concept and mechanisms of endogenous intoxication syndrome are given. Special attention is paid to the role of the cytochrome system of the liver in detoxification processes. It has been shown that the accumulation of toxic metabolites in cancer disrupts the activity of the organs of detoxification and excretion, metabolites accumulate in tissues, which leads to difficulty in regulating the functions of the body and its protection from intoxication factors. The results of clinical studies of the data are presented and their effectiveness of the use of specialized dietary products of domestic production for cancer patients is presented. Detoxification protein cocktail for cancer patients (based on animal protein), Lactose-free detoxification protein cocktail for cancer patients (based on plant protein) and Drink detoxification for cancer patients (fruit-based). These specialized products have promote tonic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-toxic, detoxifying properties. It has been shown that dietary products contribute to the restoration of the concentration in the blood of the most important enzymes of antitoxic liver defense – ALT and AST, gamma-HT, total and direct bilirubin, and urea.
A case of effective disease control of advanced gastric cancer following ramucirumab plus FOLFIRI in second line treatment in clinical practice
Authors: Titova T. A. , Besova N. S. , Artamonova E. A.
Published: January 2021

Ramucirumab is a human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)monoclonal antibodythat acts on vascular endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis. Ramucirumab in monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel or FOLFIRI has proven to prolong overall survival in patients with pretreated metastatic gastric/gastrooesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. In clinical practice combination with ramucirumab showed promising efficacy with median overall survival in 9,6 months and manageable toxicities. Most common specific adverse events in ramucirumab were impaired wound healing, hypertension, bleeding and perforation. In several article describe dysphonia induced by anti-angiogenic compounds.

Herein, we report on a case a high activity ramucirumab in combination with FOLFIRI. This report aims to present a long-term survivor of recurrent gastric cancer and describe dysphonia induced by ramucirumab.
Combination of chemoradiation therapy with immunotherapy in the treatment of patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Marinichenko N. V. , Laktionov K. K. , Nazarenko A. V. , Reutova E. V. , Ardzinba Merab S. , Utkina V. L. , Borisova T. N. , Fedorova A. A. , Ardzinba Milada S.
Published: January 2021

For more than 10 years, there have been no significant improvements in treatment outcomes for patients with inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. At the moment, the standard of treatment for this category of patients is concurrent chemoradiation therapy. At the same time, the 5-year overall survival rate varies in the range of 15–25%. This indicator contributes to the modernization of existing approaches, as well as the search for new ways in the treatment of patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

One of the promising areas is the combination of chemoradiation therapy with immunotherapy. Thus, the use of Imfinzi (durvalumab, AstraZeneca) as a consolidation therapy in the Phase III clinical trial PACIFIC demonstrated a reduction in the risk of death by about one third in comparison with the standard approach.

We present a clinical case study of a patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received treatment in the framework of concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by immunotherapy with durvalumab, continuing until now. The result of the therapy is the complete response to the specific treatment, recorded according to PET-CT.

Thus, the use of immunotherapy as consolidation therapy represents a promising strategy for improving outcomes after concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer
Olaparib in the metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer setting
Authors: Zhukova L. G. , Khatkova E. I. , Ganshina I. P. , Kolyadina I. V. , Lubennikova E. V.
Published: January 2021

Understanding of cancer biology is at the cornerstone of design of new and effective treatment strategies. Identification of molecular drivers of tumor growth and progression allow identify right patient for the right treatment for personalized treatment plan optimization. Breast cancer (BC) encompasses a heterogeneous collection of neoplasms with diverse morphologies, molecular phenotypes, responses to therapy, probabilities of relapse and overall survival. Molecular and histopathological classification aims to categories tumors into subgroups to inform clinical decisions, to improve long-term treatment results and maintain the quality of life of this group of patients. Germinal mutation in the BRCA1/2 (BRCAm) genes in a tumor determines the hereditary predisposition, disease manifestation, therapeutic options and clinical efficacy. Therefore, patients withBRCAmBCrepresent a special subgroup requiring personalized treatment approach.

Olaparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is a targeted therapeutic agent that acts as inhibitor of single-strand breaks reparation, leading to their accumulation, conversion to double-strand breaks and eventually to cancer cell apoptosis. Olaparib is a first-in-class PARP-inhibitor with an outstanding antineoplastic activity known for some malignant tumors, demonstrates effectiveness and safety of therapy inBRCAmBCas well. The results of OlympiAD and LUCY trials are represented in the article. Subgroup analysis may define the patient population that would benefit from PARP inhibitors therapy.
Modern combined targeted and immunotherapy of metastatic skin melanoma
Authors: Protsenko S. A. , Imyanitov E. N. , Semenova A. I. , Latipova D. Kh. , Novik A. V. , Yurlov D. O. , Oganesian A. P.
Published: January 2021

Melanoma of the skin is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms. Metastatic skin melanoma has an extremely poor clinical prognosis with a high mortality rate, accounting for 80% of all deaths from skin malignancies. The approaches to the treatment of metastatic skin melanoma have been dynamically developing over the past decade. New drugs and their combinations are becoming more affordable. In connection with the advances in molecular genetics and the development of new targeted drugs, treatment outcomes have significantly improved: first of all, overall survival and the time to progression of the disease, which has set new challenges for continuing research in this area. The development of new treatment options for patients with inoperable and/or metastatic melanoma with a mutation in the BRAFV600 gene is still in high demand. Emerging data from clinical and preclinical studies suggest that synergies can be observed between inhibitors of immune checkpoints and inhibitors of BRAF and MEK. Despite the fact that inhibitors of the BRAF signaling pathway have a high frequency of objective responses, in most cases their duration is short. Inhibitors of immune checkpoints provide a longer lasting effect, but the response rate is relatively low. Combining the two types of therapy can improve survival rates over the long term. This review demonstrates the results of phase III randomized trials that have allowed to determine the current standards in the treatment of metastatic skin melanoma. We also demonstrated our own experience of using a triple combination of targeted therapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors in combination with PD-1 inhibitors.
Еfficiacy and safety of radium-223 in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Rusakov I. G. , Gritskevich A. A. , Baitman T. P. , Mishugin S. V.
Published: January 2021

Bone metastases often develop in patients with prostate cancer (PC) as a natural stage in the course of the disease. The skeletal system is the most typical and sometimes even the only site of metastatic prostate cancer. The involvement of bones is a cause of reduced life expectancy and a strong prognostic factor for adverse events, such as bone complications (including the pain requiring surgery or palliative radiation therapy, pathologic fractures and spinal cord compression), resulting in a significant decrease in the quality of life.

The model of therapeutic decision-making in metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) is still an unsolved problem. Several therapeutic options have been developed recently, that has significantly improved the survival of patients with mCRPC. The presence of multiple active agents provides oncologists with an unprecedented opportunity to tailor their choices to the clinical characteristics of each patient and to each line of treatment, but at the same time it creates the challenge of determining the optimal therapeutic sequence for the individual patient.

In Russia, radium-223 is approved for patients having bone metastases and no visceral metastases. It can be assigned to patients with lymph node metastases and patients with bulky bone metastases if other drugs are contraindicated to them. However, the use of radium-223 is most preferable if a patient has bone metastases and good bone marrow reserve.

Due to the evolution of treatment strategies, the complexity of the process of assessing the dynamics of treatment and the variability of the clinical aspects of the disease, a multidisciplinary approach becomes of great importance today.
Modern antiandrogenic therapy of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer without metastases
Authors: Popov S. V.
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of prostate cancer continues to increase worldwide. The effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer has a time limit, after which castration resistance and disease progression are formed. A part of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer has no metastases (according to standard imaging methods). The main goal of treatment of these patients is to prolong the time before metastasis formation. This article presents a review of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of androgen-receptor signaling with enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist, and the results of clinical studies of its efficacy and safety in castrate-resistant prostate cancer without metastases. It was determined that enzalutamide stimulates the expression of a new class of genes that are not regulated by dihydrotestosterone. It was found that, in addition to inhibiting androgen receptors, enzalutamide can act as a partial transcriptional agonist. Enzalutamide therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of tumor progression and death in patients with non-metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer and is well tolerated. Treatment with this drug increases the time before metastases appear, before the first use of subsequent anti-tumor therapy is necessary, and the period before prostate-specific antigen levels have progressed. Study of mechanisms induced by enzalutamide – inhibition of prostate cancer cells growth and activation of genes contributing to cancer development by enzalutamide-related androgen receptor – can help to clarify possible ways of resistance formation to this drug and possibilities of its overcoming with combined therapy.
LEGALITAS RIWAYAT ASBĀB AL-NUZŪL Telaah historis konteks turunya ayat al-Quran
Authors: Kholid Abd
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Asbāb al-Nuzūl (occasions of revelation) is event becoming background send down the verse of the Quran. Scope solution of Asbāb al-Nuzūl only relating to event degrading of the verse of the Quran especially in event relation and word expression, that include texts or materials. This science is very importance in order to interpret the verses of the Quran. This is not mean that it is to generalize interpretation entire verses of the Quran with Asbāb al-Nuzūl, because there is not all verses of the Quran send down with Asbāb al-Nuzūl. But, for the verses of the Quran have Asbāb al-Nuzūl, that its interpretation is more authentic. Abstrak: Asbāb al-Nuzūl adalah peristiwa yang menjadi latar belakang turunnya ayat al-Quran. Ruang lingkup pembahasan Asbāb al-Nuzūl hanya berkaitan dengan peristiwa diturunkannya ayat al-Quran terutama dalam hubungan peristiwa dan ungkapan kata, baik teks ayat, maupun redaksi ayat. Ilmu ini sangat penting dalam rangka menafsirkan ayat-ayat al-Quran. Hal ini bukan berarti menggeneralisasi keharusan menafsirkan seluruh ayat al-Quran dengan Asbāb al-Nuzūl, karena tidak semua ayat al-Quran turun disertai dengan Asbāb al-Nuzūl. Akan tetapi bagi ayat-ayat al-Quran yang memiliki Asbāb al-Nuzūl, maka penafsirannya akan lebih otentik. Kata-kata Kunci: asbāb al-nuzūl, ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān, ilmu Ma‘ānī dan Ilmu Bayān, Nabi Muḥammad, dan sahabat.
FILSAFAT ANALITIK Kritik Epistemologi Ide Analitik Logis Bertrand Russell
Authors: Muhmidayeli Muhmidayeli
Published: January 2021

Abstract:Each logical statement reflected in the way expressed in a logical language. If a statement is expressed by a language that one would then have it wrong, therefore, necessary test of logical forms that fit with the empirical facts. In short every statement must be understood by returning to the real meaning or context. Russell offers a translation grammatically any statement that may seem misleading to the appropriate forms and logical. Bertrand Russell described his philosophy asan area of human thought that was between theology on the one hand and science on the other side. Philosophy can be said astheology, due to the nature and character of philosophy which also contains a world speculations about the definitive knowledge, but it can notbe ascertained. On the other hand, itcan be said as science, because the working procedures of philosophy that is moreleads and functioning sense like science knowledge (science). Anydogma, because it transcends knowledge certainly, including in the sphere of theology. In between there is this no man's land area that is prone to both theology and science issues. Abstrak: Setiap penyataan logis tercermin dari cara mengungkapkannya dalam bahasa logis. Jika suatu pernyataan diungkap dengan bahasa yang salah maka akan memiliki maka yang salah, oleh karena itu, diperlukan uji bentuk-bentuk logis yang cocok dengan dengan fakta empiris. Pendeknya setiap pernyataan mesti dipahami dengan mengembalikannya pada makna riil atau kontekstual. Russell menawarkan pener¬jemahan secara gramatikal setiap pernyataan yang mungkin saja tampak me¬nyesat¬¬kan ke dalam bentuk-bentuk yang tepat dan logis. Bertrand Russell menggambarkan filsafat sebagai suatu wilayah pemikiran manusia yang berada antara teologi di satu sisi dan ilmu pengetahuan di sisi lainnya. Filsafat dapat dikatakan seperti teologi, karena sifat dan watak filsafat yang juga bersikan dunia spekulasi-spekulasi tentang pengetahun yang pasti namun ia tidak dapat dipastikan. Di lain pihak, ia dapat dikatakan pula seperti ilmu pengetahuan, karena tata kerja filsafat yang memang lebih banyak mengarah dan memfungsikan akal seperti layaknya ilmu ilmu pengetahuan (sains). Segala dogma, karena ia melampaui pengetahuan pasti, termasuk dalam lingkup teologi. Di antara keduanya inilah ada daerah yang tak bertuan yang rentan terhadap kedua persoalan teologi dan sains. Keywords:filsafat analitik,analytic logic, metodologi filsafat, atomic facts, dan logical form.
PROFESI SEBAGAI TAREKAT
Authors: Munji Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Generally in the teachings of any religion, both divine religions such as Islam, Christianity and Judaism, or earth religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism there is a polarization between religion and economic activity. So that all activities which seeking riches is viewed negatively and not in accordance with the lofty ideals of spirituality. In the teachings of Islamic religion there is also tendency that sees economic activity as an activity that is in appropriate for a religious. By using content analysis, the studies illustrate that everyone can make his profession as a path to God. Provided that each profession held by Islamic guidance, according to the Qur'an and the Hadith. Abstrak: Dalam ajaran keagamaan secara umum, baik agama-agama samawi seperti Islam, Kristen dan Yahudi, maupun agama bumi seperti Hindu, Buddha dan lain sebagainya terdapat anti-nomi antara agama dan kegiatan ekonomi. Sehingga seluruh kegiatan yang mencari kekayaan dipandang negatif dan tidak sesuai dengan cita-cita luhur spiritualitas. Dalam ajaran Agama Islam juga terdapat tendensi yang cukup kuat yang memandang kegiatan ekonomi sebagai aktifitas yang tidak pantas bagi manusia yang taat beragama. Dengan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis), setudi ini menggambarkan bahwa, setiap orang bisa menjadikan profesinya sebagi jalan menuju kepada Allah. Asalkan setiap apa yang menjadi aktifitas keseharianya dilaksanakan berdasarkan tuntunan Islam, sesuai dengan al-Qur’an dan hadis Nabi Muhammad. Keywords: profesi, wirid, al-Quran, hadis, tarekat.
PERGUMULAN ISLAM DENGAN BUDAYA LOKAL Studi Kasus Masyarakat Samin di Dusun Jepang Bojonegoro
Authors: Widiana Nurhuda
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article will explain the process of acculturation which is a concept to describe the long process of convergence of two or more values between Islam and local values in which individuals, groups and communities living with the culture he had. The emergence of resistance to the new school, to be understood as part of the community's love for the old values (local). On the one hand, it is a learning process to understand the new values (Islam). In these conditions, it is not appropriate to use claims of winning or losing, between Islam vis a vis local culture. Samin community understanding of the teachings of Islam, with the advantages and disadvantages of a form the beginnings of the community openness to cultures from the outside including the values of Islam. Samin society no longer close themselves from the outside community, slowly began to mingle with other people and being able to adapt to the changes that reaches it. Their understanding of the religion of Islam with regard to faith (theology), worship (ritual), muamalah (social), was inherited by the teachings Saminisme. Islam understood the teachings of Samin frame, so that the integrated nature ajaranlah, but the practice of worship (ritual) Islam has not been implemented. Tempers syncretic practice (Islam typical Samin), because Islam diakomodisasi in accordance with the teachings of Samin. Abstrak: Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang proses akulturasi yang merupakan konsep untuk menggambarkan proses panjang bertemunya dua atau lebih tata nilai antara Islam dengan nilai-nilai lokal di mana individu, kelompok dan masyarakat bertempat tinggal dengan budaya yang telah dimilikinya. Munculnya penolakan terhadap ajaran baru, harus dipahami sebagai bagian kecintaan masyarakat terhadap nilai-nilai lama (lokal). Pada satu sisi, ia adalah proses belajar untuk memahami nilai-nilai baru (Islam). Pada kondisi seperti ini, tidak tepat digunakan klaim menang atau kalah, antara Islam vis a vis budaya lokal. Pemahaman masyarakat Samin tentang ajaran Islam, dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya merupakan wujud dimulainya era keterbukaan komunitas tersebut terhadap budaya-budaya dari luar termasuk di dalamnya nilai-nilai ajaran Islam. Masyarakat Samin tidak lagi menutup diri dari masyarakat luar, secara perlahan mulai berbaur dengan masyarakat lain dan mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan-perubahan yang menerpanya. Pemahaman mereka terhadap agama Islam yang berkaitan dengan akidah (teologi), ibadah (ritual), muamalah (sosial kemasyarakatan), masih terwarisi oleh ajaran Saminisme. Islam dipahami dengan bingkai ajaran Samin, sehingga hakekat ajaranlah yang terintegrasi, namun praktek ibadah (ritual) Islam belum dilaksanakan. Terjadilah praktek sinkretis (Islam khas Samin), karena ajaran Islam diakomodisasi sesuai dengan ajaran Samin. Keywords : Islam, budaya lokal, ajaran Samin.
Face Anti-Spoofing Scheme Using Handcraft Based and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: SHARIFI Omid
Published: January 2021

Malicious parties which impersonate systems by fake identities affect recognition performance of biometric systems. This study focuses on a strength anti-spoofing scheme based on decision level fusion to monitor individuals in term of real and fake. The proposed fake detection scheme involves consideration of both handcrafted and deep learned techniques on face images to differentiate real and fake individuals. In this context, convolutional neural network (CNN) and Log-Gabor filter methods are used to learn deep representations and extract facial features of images respectively. In order to improve the robustness of proposed anti-spoofing framework, fusion of Log-Gabor and CNN methods is considered by applying decision-level-fusion technique. Finally, the performance of proposed anti- spoofing scheme is examined on public spoof databases such as Print-Attack and Replay-Attack face databases to detect fake facial images.
Assessing the hydrological impacts of coal resource development: a case study from Australia
Authors:   CSIRO Land and Water, Post David A.
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study is to predict regional-scale cumulative impacts on water resources caused by coal resource developments in the Gloucester subregion of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A key outcome of the assessment is identifying areas where water resources are very unlikely to be impacted (with a less than 5% chance) from those where water resources are potentially impacted (at least a 5% chance). Governments, industry and the community can then focus on areas that are potentially impacted when making regulatory, water management and planning decisions. Potential impacts were ruled out using a zone of potential hydrological change. This zone was defined based on at least a 5% chance of exceeding defined thresholds in multiple hydrological response variables including groundwater drawdown and eight streamflow metrics (only reductions in annual streamflow are reported here). The zone of potential hydrological change in the Gloucester subregion covers 250 km2 and includes 242 km of stream network. This represents 52% of the area and 70% of the stream length assessed. Groundwater drawdown exceeding 0.2 m in the near surface aquifer due to additional coal resource development is very likely (>95% chance) for an area of 20 km2 but is very unlikely (<5% chance) to exceed an area of 100 km2. Although 242 km of streams are identified as being potentially impacted, changes in streamflow are small, with a little over 5% reduction in annual flow in some streams close to the coal mines, and reductions in annual flow in the major rivers not exceeding 1 - 5%.