bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework– a tool to help trialists design trials that better reflect the communities they serve
Authors: Treweek Shaun , Banister Katie , Bower Peter , Cotton Seonaidh , Devane Declan , Gardner Heidi R , Isaacs Talia , Nestor Gary , Oshisanya Adepeju , Parker Adwoa , Rochester Lynn , Soulsby Irene , Williams Hywel , Witham Miles D
Published: January 2021

Background Ensuring that a trial is designed so that its participants reflect those who might benefit from the results, or be spared harms, is key to the potential benefits of the trial reaching all they should. This paper describes the process used between July 2019 and October 2020 to develop the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework, part of the wider INCLUDE initiative from the National Institute for Health Research to improve inclusion of under-served groups in clinical research studies. Methods Development of the Framework was done in seven phases: 1) Outline; 2) Initial draft; 3) Stakeholder meeting; 4) Modify draft; 5) Stakeholder feedback; 6) Applying the Framework; 7) Packaging. Phases 2 and 3 were face-to-face meetings. Consultation with stakeholders was iterative, especially phases 4 to 6. Movement to the next phase was done once all or most stakeholders were comfortable with the results of the current phase. When there was a version of the Framework that could be considered final, the Framework was applied to six trials to create a set of examples (Phase 6). Finally, the Framework, guidance and examples were packaged ready for dissemination (Phase 7). Results A total of 40 people from stakeholder groups including patient and public partners, clinicians, funders, academics working with various ethnic groups, trial managers and methodologists contributed to the seven phases of development. The Framework comprises two parts. The first part is a list of four key questions:Who should my trial apply to? Are the groups identified likely to respond in different ways? Will my study intervention make it harder for some groups to engage? Will the way I have designed the study make it harder for some groups to engage? The second part is a set of worksheets to help trial teams address these questions. The Framework can be used for any stage of trial, for a healthcare intervention in any disease area. The Framework was launched on 1 st October 2020 and is available open access at https://www.trialforge.org/trial-forge-centre/include/ Conclusion Thinking about the number of people in our trials is not enough: we need to start thinking more carefully about who our participants are.
An online survey to explore the awareness and acceptance of geothermal energy among an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries
Authors: Balzan-Alzate Daniel , López-Sánchez Jacqueline , Blessent Daniela , Raymond Jasmin , Dezayes Chrystel , Portela Juan Pablo , Restrepo Estefania Ramírez , Rendón David Moreno , Malo Michel , Goderniaux Pascal , Daniele Linda , Borgne Tanguy Le
Published: January 2021

Advances in new technologies and the desire to achieve a sustainable and safe energy supply, enable communities to transition from conventional to renewable resources, such as geothermal energy. Perception and acceptance amongst different audiences have a high impact on the feasibility of energy projects, which is an important aspect to analyze. For this reason, this study focuses on describing the level of awareness and acceptance of deep geothermal energy within an educated segment of the population in five European and American countries (Canada, Colombia, Chile, Belgium, and France) at different stages of geothermal development. This study was conducted through an online survey, which was targeted to post-secondary students and professionals. Some of the most significant conclusions are: 1) there is a high degree of awareness of geothermal energy among the respondents in Chile and Canada, a medium level in Belgium and France, and a low one in Colombia; 2) there is a favorable acceptance of a geothermal project in each country, even when hydraulic stimulation is considered; 3) environmental aspects and community safety are the most important issues that must be addressed to support a pilot geothermal project.
Plastome Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships of Styracaceae (Ericales)
Authors: Cai Xiu-lian , Landis Jacob B. , Wang Hong-Xin , Wang Jian-Hua , Zhu Zhi-Xin , Wang Huafeng
Published: January 2021

Background: The Styracaceae are a woody, dicotyledonous family containing 12 genera and an estimated 160 species. Recent studies have shown that Styrax and Sinojackia are monophyletic, Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia cluster into a clade with an approximately 20-kb inversion in the Large Single-Copy (LSC) region. Halesia and Pterostyrax are not supported as monophyletic, while Melliodendron and Changiostyrax always form sister clades . Perkinsiodendron and Changiostyrax were newly established genera of Styracaceae. However, the phylogenetic relationship of Styracaceae at the genera level needs further research.Results: We collected 28 complete plastomes of Styracaceae, including 12 sequences newly reported here and 16 publicly available complete plastome sequences, comprising 11 of the 12 genera of Styracaceae. All species possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm plastomes, and the sequence difference is small, except for the large 20-kb (14 genes) inversion region found in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia. Seven coding sequences (rps4, rpl23, accD, rpoC1, psaA, rpoA and ndhH) were identified to possess positively selected sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on seven data sets (i.e., LSC, SSC, IR, Coding, Non-coding, combination of LSC+SSC and concatenation of LSC+SSC+one IR) produced similar topologies. In our analyses, all genera were strongly supported as monophyletic. Styrax was sister to the remaining genera. Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia form a clade. Halesia diptera does not cluster with Perkinsiodendron, while Perkinsiodendron and Rehderodendron form a clade. Changiostyrax is sister to a clade of Pterostyrax and Sinojackia,Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that Pterostyrax is monophyletic, and the establishment of Perkinsiodendron and Changiostyrax are supported. A 20-kb reverse sequence was also found in the newly published sequence of Alniphyllum fortunei, which confirmed the existence of large inversion sequence in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia.
Experimental and theoretical insights into the effects of pH on catalysis of bond-cleavage by the lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Pham Le Thanh Mai , Deng Kai , Northen Trent R , Singer Steven W , Adams Paul D , Simmons Blake A , Sale Kenneth L
Published: January 2021

Background:Lignin peroxidases catalyze a variety of reactions, resulting in cleavage of both β-O-4’ ether bonds and C–C bonds in lignin, both of which are essential for depolymerizing lignin into fragments amendable to biological or chemical upgrading to valuable products. Studies of the specificity of lignin peroxidases to catalyze these various reactions and the role reaction conditions such as pH play have been limited by the lack of assays that allow quantification of specific bond-breaking events. The subsequent theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which pH modulates the activity of lignin peroxidases remains nascent. Here, we report on combined experimental and theoretical studies of the effect of pH on the enzyme-catalyzed cleavage of β-O-4’ ether bonds and of C–C bonds by a lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and an acid stabilized variant of the same enzyme.Results: Using a nanostructure initiator mass spectrometry assay that provides quantification of bond breaking in a phenolic model lignin dimer we found that catalysis of degradation of the dimer to products by an acid-stabilized variant of lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 increased from 38.4 % at pH 5 to 92.5% at pH 2.6. At pH 2.6, the observed product distribution resulted from 65.5% b-O-4’ ether bond cleavage, 27.0% Ca-C1 carbon bond cleavage and 3.6% Ca-oxidation as by-product. Using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations and climbing-image Nudge Elastic Band based transition state searches, we suggest the effect of lower pH is via protonation of aliphatic hydroxyl groups under which extremely acidic conditions resulted in lower energetic barriers for bond-cleavages, particularly β-O-4’ bonds. Conclusion: These coupled experimental results and theoretical explanations suggest pH is a key driving force for selective and efficient lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 catalyzed depolymerization of the phenolic lignin dimer and further suggest that engineering of lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 and other enzymes involved lignin depolymerization should include targeting stability at low pH.
Reprogrammable plasmonic topological insulators with ultrafast control
Authors: You Jian Wei , Ma Qian , Lan Zhihao , Xiao Qiang , Panoiu Nicolae , Cui Tie Jun
Published: January 2021

Topological photonics has revolutionized our understanding of light propagation, providing a remarkably robust way to manipulate light. Despite the intensive research and rapid progress in this field, most of existing studies are focused on designing a static photonic structure to realize a specific topological functionality or phenomenon. Developing a dynamic and universal photonic topological platform to intelligently switch multiple topological functionalities at ultrafast speed is still a great challenge. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultrafast reprogrammable plasmonic topological insulator, where the topological propagation route can be dynamically changed at nanosecond-level switching time, which is more than 1×10^7 times faster than the current state-of-the-art, leading to an experimental demonstration of unprecedentedly ultrafast multi-channel optical analog-digital converter. This orders-of-magnitude improvement compared to previous works is due to the innovative use of ultrafast electric switches to implement the programmability of our plasmonic topological insulator, which enables us to precisely encode each unit cell by dynamically controlling its digital plasmonic states while keeping its geometry and material parameters unchanged. Our reprogrammable topological plasmonic platform can be fabricated by the widely-used printed circuit board technology, making it much more attractive and compatible with current highly integrated photoelectric systems. Furthermore, due to its flexible programmability, many existing photonic topological functionalities can be integrated into this versatile topological platform. Our work brings the current studies of photonic topological insulators to a digital and intelligent era, which could open new avenues towards the development of software-defined photoelectric elements in high-speed communications and computation-based intelligent devices with built-in topological protection.
Geschichte des Botanischen Gartens an der Siesmayerstraße in Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Zizka Georg , Dressler Stefan , Wessel Manfred
Published: January 2021

Der Botanische Garten an der Siesmayerstraße in Frankfurt ist seit dem 1.1.2012 Teil des städtischen Palmengartens. Die Ge- schichte eines Botanischen Gartens in Frankfurt reicht bis ins Jahr 1763 zurück, als Johann Christian Senckenberg die Dr. Senckenbergische Stiftung begründete, die dann Erbauerin und über 150 Jahre Trägerin des ersten Frankfurter Botanischen Gartens war. Fast hundert Jahre war dann die Goethe-Universität für den Botanischen Garten verantwortlich, heute ist es die Stadt Frankfurt. In dieser langen Geschichte ist es zu mehreren räumlichen Verlagerungen, Verkleinerungen und Vergrößerungen des Areals, tiefgreifender inhaltlicher Umgestaltung und schließlich sogar zur Entstehung eines weiteren Botanischen Gartens, des Wissenschaftsgartens am Riedberg, gekommen. Die Geschichte der Botanischen Gärten in Frankfurt ist ein gutes Beispiel für die große Bedeutung von Bürgerengagement und die enge Verbindung von privaten und öffentlichen wissenschaftlichen Institutionen und Vereinen in Frankfurt.
Aus der Sammlung des Palmengartens: Vielfalt der Dornenmuster von Kakteen-Arten
Authors: Steinecke Hilke
Published: January 2021

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Current methods of technogenic gold placer deposit mining with small size gold extraction technology
Authors: Prokopiev S. A. , Prokopiev E. S. , Kadesnikov I. V. , Cherimichkina N. A.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to conduct industrial tests of spiral separation technology on technogenic refractory raw materials. The object of the study is the Yurskoye gold placer deposit in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). An OKV-100 benefication complex with the productive capacity of 100 m3 /h by initial sands was set up in order to conduct pilot mining of the fine-grained tailings dumps of the Yurskoye deposit with the maximum extraction of small size gold. Sands supplied from the different sections of the technogenic deposit had different gold content, granulometric characteristics, and mineralogical composition. The study included experiments carried out at different initial feed; equipment was adjusted for specific raw material depending on productive capacity, liquid/solid ratio, product yield of the small size gold recovery module. The complex productivity was from 90 to 150 m3 /h. The yield and extraction of gold-bearing concentrate, as well as its gold content were determined. The pilot washing with the use of small size gold recovery technology resulted in the average additional gold recovery from sluice tailings of 19.07 %, which is a high indicator, given the low content of gold in technogenic placers. The technology under consideration can be used for the development of both technogenic and operated gold placer deposits.
Features of distance learning by the disciplines in the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university
Authors: Rapatskaya L. A. , Snetkov V. I.
Published: January 2021

: Distance education has become widely used both in Russia and abroad in recent decades. A particularly powerful impetus to distance education technology development and spread was given by the coronavirus pandemic in 2019. To improve learning efficiency in the system of distance education, it was required to refine various and accessible forms of education. It was also necessary to make a wider use of new educational technologies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of the latest educational technologies in the distance learning of students in the disciplines of the Earth Sciences direction at a technical university, as well as to form a modern educational space in online learning and stimulate students' independent work based on the assignments supervised by teachers. The study described in this paper deals with the following application features of distance learning at Irkutsk National Research Technical University: the presentation specifics of the theory and the introduction forms of material for laboratory works, choice of the most effective teaching aids, methodology for the current and final control of students' knowledge. Irkutsk National Research Technical University has chosen Moodle from a wide variety of distance learning systems. The advantage of this system is the ability to perform laboratory, practical and course works, which is important for a technical university, also to conduct tests, the results of which can be monitored by both teachers and students in an electronic gradebook. The distance learning system turned out to be more multisided, but more laborious than in-person training. Moreover, it is also complicated by a number of technical problems. The distance learning process requires the establishment of a certain parity of interests, abilities and opportunities between the teaching (professor/lecturer) and the learning (student) parties. The distance learning system has a number of features that should be taken into account when introducing theoretical and lecture material, which requires a more rigorous selection of files or their conversion into less heavy ones, as well as conciseness and clarity of material presentation. The use of virtual laboratories for carrying out laboratory works, availability of distance technologies for training disabled students and corresponding students is gaining great importance. The research results imply that today distance learning is a necessary part of the educational system along with in-person (full-time) or correspondent (part-time) training and one of the main goals of modern distance learning is the ability to work with information and selfimprovement.
Logarithmic CFT at generic central charge: from Liouville theory to the $Q$-state Potts model
Authors: Nivesvivat Rongvoram , Ribault Sylvain
Published: January 2021

Using derivatives of primary fields (null or not) with respect to the conformal dimension, we build infinite families of non-trivial logarithmic representations of the conformal algebra at generic central charge, with Jordan blocks of dimension 2 or 3. Each representation comes with one free parameter, which takes fixed values under assumptions on the existence of degenerate fields.
This parameter can be viewed as a simpler, normalization-independent redefinition of the logarithmic coupling.
We compute the corresponding non-chiral conformal blocks, and show that they appear in limits of Liouville theory four-point functions.

As an application, we describe the logarithmic structures of the critical two-dimensional O(n) and Q-state Potts models at generic central charge. The validity of our description is demonstrated by semi-analytically bootstrapping four-point connectivities in the Q-state Potts model to arbitrary precision. Moreover, we provide numerical evidence for the Delfino-Viti conjecture for the three-point connectivity. Our results hold for generic values of Q in the complex plane and beyond.
HAYVANIN KÖTÜ MUAMELELERE KARŞI CEZA HUKUKU VASITASIYLA KORUNMASI HALİNDE MAĞDURUN TESPİTİ
Authors: BAŞ Eylem
Published: January 2021

İnsanlar tarafından hayvanlara karşı kötü muamelelerde bulunulduğuna ilişkin haberlerin son zamanlarda giderek artan bir şekilde gündeme geldiği görülmektedir. Bu durum toplumda tepkilere neden olmakta ve hayvanlara karşı kötü muamelelerde bulunan kimselerin cezalandırılmaları istenmektedir. Zira şu anki mevzuata göre hayvanlara karşı gerçekleştirilen kötü muamelelerin bazıları şartları varsa “malvarlığına karşı suçlar” kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu nedenle hem 5199 sayılı Hayvanları Koruma Kanunu’nda (HKK) hem de 5237 Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda (TCK) değişikliklerin yapılması öngörülmektedir. Böylece hayvanlara karşı gerçekleştirilen kötü muamelelerin suç olarak düzenlenerek cezalandırılması istenmektedir. HKK’da hayvanlara karşı gerçekleştirilen pek çok kötü muamele ceza hukuku anlamında suç olarak öngörülmese de karşılığında idari yaptırımın öngörüldüğü kabahat olarak düzenlenmektedir. Ceza hukukunun son araç olma niteliği bakımından doğru bir tercih yapıldığı söylenebilirse de hayvanlara karşı gerçekleştirilen kötü muamelelerin önlenmesi bakımından gereken yeterliliğin sağlanamadığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada hayvanlara karşı gerçekleştirilen kötü muamelelerin suç olarak öngörülmesi halinde bu suçun mağduru belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda suç genel teorisinde mağdur kavramına ilişkin doktrindeki görüşler incelenerek malvarlığına karşı suçlar ayrı tutulmak kaydıyla bu suçun mağdurunun hayvan olmadığı, toplum olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.
Analytical tools for structuring the normalized cost base in terms of individual and small-scale production types
Authors: Мизиковский И.Е.
Published: January 2021

Замедление темпов материального производства, усиление конкурентной борьбы, необходимость последовательной стабилизации финансового состояния предприятия, повышают актуальность существенного обновления и адаптации к сложившейся финансово-хозяйственной среде информационно-инструментальной базы менеджмента промышленного предприятия. Автором обосновано внедрение систем «Standard costing» и «Just-in-time в сочетании с позаказным методом, что создает условия для оптимального управления материальными ресурсами, обеспечения перманентной реализации режима экономии затрат, стратегии сокращения производственных потерь и снижения уровня технологических отходов.

Slowdown the rate of material production, increasing competition, the need for consistent stabilization of the financial condition of the enterprise, increase the relevance of a significant update and adaptation to the current financial and economic environment of the information and tool base of the management of an industrial enterprise. The author justifies the introduction of a system of «Standard costing» and «Just-in-time combined with the order method, which creates conditions for optimal control of material resources, ensuring the permanent implementation of austerity of cost reduction strategies of production losses and reduce process waste.
The development strategy of the engineering industry in Russia: technological aspect
Authors: Измайлов М.К.
Published: January 2021

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью анализа перспектив машиностроительной отрасли России в контексте развертывания «цифровой экономики». Сегодня российская отрасль машиностроения находится в сильной зависимости от импортных технологий. Кроме этого, существует огромная внутренняя потребность в оборудовании, вызванная моральным и физическим устареванием основных фондов. Для выявления особенностей структуры и показателей российской отрасли машиностроения автором проводится статистический анализ, в том числе в сравнении со структурой экспорта других стран. В числе драйверов технологического развития были выявлены: стандартизация систем и платформ, внедрение инновационных бизнес-моделей, развитие инвестиционных возможностей и создание системы переобучения кадров.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze the prospects of the engineering industry in Russia in the context of the deployment of the “digital economy”. At present, the Russian machine-building industry is heavily dependent on imported technologies. In addition, there is a huge internal need for equipment, caused by the moral and physical obsolescence of fixed assets. To identify the features of the structure and indicators of the Russian machine-building industry, the author carries out a statistical analysis, including in comparison with the export structure of other countries. Among the drivers of technological development were identified: standardization of systems and platforms, the introduction of innovative business models, the development of investment opportunities and the creation of a retraining system.
Change management business processes of high-tech machinery building product in the context of management and financial accounting tasks
Authors: Рогуленко Т.М. , Орлов Е.В. , Сомкин И.А.
Published: January 2021

В работе рассмотрена проблема построения бизнес-процессов управления изменениями продукции машиностроения, отнесённой к перечню инновационной или высокотехнологичной, в частности такой её аспект как построение взаимодействия системы управленческого учёта предприятия со смежными подразделениями. В ходе исследования выявлены и проанализированы, типовые проблемы, возникающие в практике реализации инновационных проектов машиностроительной отрасли. Авторами предложена классификация проблем, возникающих при реализации процесса проведения изменений, и получен ряд выводов основанных, в том числе, на мнении практикующих специалистов отрасли.

Paper deals with the problem of building change management business processes of a product in machinery building industry classified as innovative or high-tech, in particular, such an aspect of building the interaction of enterprise's management accounting system with related departments. Study identified and analyzed typical problems that arise in the practice of implementing innovative projects in machinery building industry. The authors proposed a classification of problems, that arise during the implementation of change management process, and obtained a number of conclusions based, among other things, on the opinion of industry practitioners.
Features of the development of small entrepreneurship in the science city: innovative aspect
Authors: Барковская В.Е.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена анализу малого предпринимательства в наукограде Королёв, в частности выделены основные особенности его развития. Среди представителей малого бизнеса автором исследования проведен опрос с целью выявления проблем в развитии данной отрасли. По результатам опроса сформулированы предложения по развитию малого предпринимательства в наукограде Королёв в рамках инновационного аспекта.

The article is devoted to the analysis of small business in the science city of Korolev, in particular, the main features of its development are highlighted. Among small business representatives, the author of the study conducted a survey to identify problems in the development of this industry. According to the results of the survey, proposals were formulated for the development of small business in the science city of Korolev in the framework of the innovative aspect.
Small innovative business as a driver of development of science cities of Russia in new economic realities
Authors: Барковская В.Е.
Published: January 2021

В статье исследуется состояние малого инновационного предпринимательства наукоградов во время мировой пандемии CoVid-19. Выявлены проблемы, с которыми малый бизнес столкнулся в новых экономических реалиях. Исследованы меры государственной поддержки малого бизнеса, которые необходимо реализовать для преодоления существующих вызовов. Автором предложены направления развития малого инновационного бизнеса в наукоградах на предстоящую перспективу.

The article examines the state of small innovative entrepreneurship of science cities during the global pandemic CoVid-19. The problems that small business faced in the new economic realities are identified. The measures of state support for small businesses, which must be implemented to overcome existing challenges, are examined. The author offers directions for the development of small innovative business in science cities for the coming future.
Management at the municipal level of ownerless engineering infrastructure facilities
Authors: Сыров А.Н.
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются и обоснованы предложения по повышению эффективности управления инженерной инфраструктурой, имеющим признаки бесхозяйного имущества, на уровне муниципального образования: снижение муниципальных издержек, вовлечение в хозяйственный оборот.

The article considers and substantiates proposals for improving the efficiency of management of engineering infrastructure that has signs of ownerless property at the municipal level: reducing municipal costs, involvement in economic turnover.
Professional income tax
Authors: Абакарова Р.Ш.
Published: January 2021

В статье раскрываются механизмы налогообложения доходов самозанятых граждан.. Рассмотрен налог на профессиональный доход и влияние данного налога на граждан. Проанализирована ситуация в некоторых зарубежных странах, в которых есть похожий налог, а также сходства и отличия налога на профессиональный доход граждан в Российской Федерации от зарубежных стран. В статье затрагиваются проблемные вопросы самозанятости граждан, проводится анализ возможного перевода и найма сотрудников на новую налоговую систему. Приведены возможные варианты найма сотрудников в лице самозанятых граждан. Введение нового налога на профессиональный доход является попыткой государства создать условия для легального получения доходов самозанятыми, в том числе данная мера должна содействовать частичному решению проблемы теневого сектора экономики. Изучение налога имеет также большое значение для общества в плане распространения информации о новом налоговом режиме, его преимуществах и недостатках.

The article reveals the mechanisms for taxing the income of self-employed citizens. The tax on professional income and the impact of this tax on citizens are considered. The situation is analyzed in some foreign countries in which there is a similar tax, as well as the similarities and differences of the tax on professional income of citizens in the Russian Federation from foreign countries. The article touches upon the problematic issues of self-employment of citizens, analyzes the possible transfer and hiring of employees to the new tax system. Possible options for hiring employees in the person of self-employed citizens are given. New tax on professional income is the state’s attempt to create conditions for legal income generation of self-employed, including partial solution to the problem of underground sector of economy. Also study of tax has a great importance to the society in implication information about new tax treatment, it’s advantages and disadvantages.
Features of the tax system of Japan, as a state at the post-industrial stage of development
Authors: Косенкова Ю.Ю.
Published: January 2021

В исследовании была сделана попытка выделить особенности налоговой системы Японии, как государства, находящегося на постиндустриальной стадии развития. В рамках проведенного анализа первоначально обосновывалось отнесение национальной экономики Японии к той или иной стадии экономического развития. Далее изучалась сложившаяся модель налоговой системы. В результате обобщения полученных результатов был сформирован перечень характеристик, присущих налоговой системе Японии, как государства с постиндустриальной экономикой. При исследовании учитывались особенности экономики Японии, определенные ее историческим развитием и региональным положением.

The study attempted to highlight the features of the tax system in Japan, as a state at a post-industrial stage of development. In the framework of the analysis, the classification of the Japanese economy to a certain stage of economic development was first substantiated. Next, the prevailing tax system model was studied. As a result of a generalization of the results, a list of characteristics of the tax system of Japan as a state with a post-industrial economy was formed. The study took into account the characteristics of the Japanese economy, determined by its historical development and regional position.
About Resource Approach to the formation of the industrial policy of the enterprise
Authors: Игнатова Л.Н. , Девяткин О.В. , Болкина Г.И.
Published: January 2021

Охарактеризованы особенности ресурсного подхода в формировании промышленной политики, сформулированы основные задачи промышленного развития российских предприятий. Ресурсный подход позволяет иметь самые различные модификации рассматриваемых критериев в зависимости от факторов, влияющих на развитие промышленного потенциала предприятий и организаций. Рассмотрен комплекс действующих нормативно-правовых актов. Предложены управленческие алгоритмы решения проблем стратегического планирования.

The features of the resource approach in the formation of industrial policy are characterized, the main tasks of the industrial development of Russian enterprises are formulated. The resource approach allows you to have a variety of modifications of the considered criteria, depending on factors affecting the development of the industrial potential of enterprises and organizations. A set of existing legal acts is considered. Management algorithms for solving strategic planning problems are proposed.
Improvement of the property management system at the municipal level
Authors: Рожков Е.В.
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируются данные по сделкам с земельными участками частных лиц, индивидуальных предпринимателей и коммерческих компаний, а также изъятия недвижимости. Автором рассмотрен вопрос о целесообразности проведения национализации на местном уровне в виде изъятия собственности. Рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки проходящих сделок организованными муниципальными органами власти. Представлен промежуточный вывод, говорящий о правоотношениях между частным лицом и муниципалитетом, в которых нет ни равноправия, ни свободы волеизъявления частного лица.

The article provides the analyzes data concerning deals with land plots of individuals, individual entrepreneurs and commercial companies, as well as real estate forfeitures. The author considers the feasibility of nationalization at the local level represented as property forfeiture. The advantages and disadvantages of deals being established by municipal authorities are considered within. The intermediate conclusion describing legal relations between a private person and the municipality within which there is neither equality, nor freedom of will of a private person is presented therein.
Domestic and foreign models of science cities development
Authors: Сафронова Е.С.
Published: January 2021

Технополис (или, как подобные образования именуются в России, «наукоград») - это город, на территории которого традиционно располагаются высшие учебные заведения, технопарк, научно-исследовательские учреждения, жилые зоны с развитой и подходящей для жизни и работы инфраструктурой. Цель подобной городской территории - это объединение совокупных систем информации на единой зоне для научного совершенствования, кроме того, синтез науки с производством передовых технологий с обеспечением надлежащей среды для результативного труда. Только целесообразно и разумно спроектированные, а затем воздвигнутые технополисы/наукограды обеспечат прирост новейших производственных отраслей и технологических объектов.

Technopolis (or, as such entities are called in Russia, «Naukograd») is a city that traditionally houses higher education institutions, a Technopark, research institutions, and residential areas with developed and suitable infrastructure for living and working. The purpose of such an urban area is to combine the aggregate information systems in a single area for scientific improvement, in addition, the synthesis of science with the production of advanced technologies to provide an appropriate environment for productive work. Only expediently and intelligently designed and then erected technopolises / science cities will ensure the growth of the latest production industries and technological facilities.
Exploring the feasibility of integrating big data and blockchain technologies
Authors: Кузнецов А.И.
Published: January 2021

Проведен анализ требований к обработке больших данных с использованием технологии блокчейн, показано, что в ряде проектов эти технологии, несмотря на различие архитектур, можно использовать совместно. Поставлена задача создать в компьютерной среде модель, которая показывает принцип обработки больших данных о продажах недвижимости на основе децентрализованной платформы технологии блокчейн. Определены архитектура и характеристики контрактов для микросервисов распределенного приложения.

An analysis of the requirements for processing big data using blockchain technology is carried out it is shown that in a number of projects these technologies, despite the difference in architectures, can be used together. The task is to create a model in a computer environment that shows the principle of processing big data on real estate sales on the basis, of a decentralized blockchain technology platform. The architecture and characteristics of contracts for microservices of a distributed application are defined.
Multiused carbon-ceramic materials
Authors: Ларионов Н.В.
Published: January 2021

Мировые стремления к использованию космических аппаратов многоразового использования требует разработки и новых материалов. Углерод-керамические материалы обладают рядом специфических характеристик, которые позволяют рассматривать эти материалы как перспективные для использования в авиа и ракетостроении. Специфичность их свойств связана с методом получения и составом материала. Углеродные волокна обеспечивают высокие физико-механические показатели, а матрица из карбида-кремния повышает окислительную стойкость, даже в окислительной среде.

The world's desire to use reusable space vehicles requires the development of new materials. Carbon-ceramic materials have a number of specific characteristics that allow us to consider these materials as promising for use in aviation and rocket science. The specificity of their properties is related to the method of preparation and composition of the material. Carbon fibers provide high physical and mechanical properties, and a silicon-carbide matrix increases oxidative resistance, even in an oxidizing environment.
Defining the nomenclature of quality indicators aviation technology for military purposes
Authors: Усачев Д.В.
Published: January 2021

В статье определена номенклатура показателей качества авиационной техники военного назначения, а также проведена их классификация по характеризуемым свойствам.

The article defines the nomenclature of quality indicators of military aviation equipment, as well as their classification by characterized properties.
Improving the performance of large databases and application services operating on their basis
Authors: Аббасов Э.М. , Польшин С.Н.
Published: January 2021

Исследованы функции информационной системы сервис-ориентированной архитектуры. Проанализированы действия лояльных и нелояльных к прикладным веб-сервисам системы интернет-пользователей и данные логов интернет-пользователей. Поставлена задача разработать базу данных для исследуемой информационной системы и повысить ее производительность путем масштабирования, репликации, секционирования, вертикального и горизонтального шардинга. Приведены результаты разработки базы данных для хранения и обработки логов поведения интернет-пользователей.

The functions of the information system of service-oriented architecture are investigated. The actions of the systems of Internet users that are loyal and disloyal to applied web services are analyzed, as well as the data of Internet users' logs. The task is to develop a database for the information system under study and increase its efficiency by scaling, replication, sectioning, vertical and horizontal sharding. The results of developing a database for storing and processing logs of Internet user behavior are presented.
Modeling of the optimal level of remedies for safety facility
Authors: Вилисов В.Я. , Клепко А.Е.
Published: January 2021

В статье представлены результаты моделирования взаимодействия двух сторон с противоположенными интересами в контексте информационной безопасности объекта типа помещения для проведения совещаний. Модель взаимодействия сторон позволяет найти компромисс между затратами на обеспечение безопасности и теми потерями, которые могут возникнуть при потере того или иного объема информации об обсуждаемом в помещении проекте. На основе построенных моделей выполнены расчеты по данным, близким к реальным.

The article presents the results of modeling the game interaction of two parties with opposing interests in the context of information security of an object such as a room for meetings. The interaction model of the parties allows us to find a compromise between the costs of ensuring security and those losses that may occur when a loss of a certain amount of information about the project being discussed in the premises is lost. Based on the constructed model, calculations based on data close to real are performed.
Features of creating and modernizing a structured cable system for a rocket and space industry enterprise
Authors: Мороз А.П. , Емельянов А.Д.
Published: January 2021

Рассматриваются особенности создания и модернизации структурированной кабельной системы на примере предприятия ракетно-космической отрасли. Проанализирована специфика предприятия. Показана целесообразность создания комбинированной системы на основе проводной техники и радиолинии.

The article considers the features of creating and modernizing a structured cable system based on the example of a rocket and space industry enterprise. The specifics of the enterprise are analyzed. The expediency of creating a combined system based on wire technology and radio lines is shown.
Development of structural and functional models of the technological process of manufacturing carbon-ceramic composites by the method of melt infiltration
Authors: Волкова В.А. , Волков В.С.
Published: January 2021

В статье рассмотрены принципы использования процессов жидкофазной технологии для решения задач научно-технического прогресса и использования передовых технологий. В ходе ознакомления с методами моделирования был выбран метод IDEF3 как наиболее оптимальный для решения поставленных задач. Разработаны модели технологического процесса получения углерод-керамического композиционного материала методом пропитки расплавами, которые не были представлены ранее в литературных данных. Представлены рекомендации по практическому использованию полученных результатов работы.

The article discusses the principles of using liquid-phase technology processes to solve the problems of scientific and technological progress and the use of advanced technologies. During familiarization with the modeling methods, the IDEF3 method was chosen. The developed models of the technological process for producing a carbon-ceramic composite material by the method of impregnation with melts, which were not previously presented in the literature. Recommendations on the practical use of the results are presented.
The castration level of testosterone and hormonal resistance of prostate cancer in androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Rusakov I. G. , Gritskevich A. A. , Baitman T. P. , Mishugin S. V.
Published: January 2021

This review is dedicated to the impact of modern achievements on the definition and diagnostics of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) (CRPC), prognostic factors for its progression, and treatment strategies.

It was proven with new sensitive methods of diagnostics that surgical castration (CS) decreases serum testosterone (T) levels to < 20 ng/dL, while achieving T < 20 ng/dL improves outcomes and delays the development of CRPC. Regular assessment of the T level makes it possible to understand whether this androgen is adequately suppressed in the setting of potential progression of CRPC, given that late dosing may lead to an increase in T level. Improved imaging techniques and biomarker analysis enable early detection of disease progression. Prognostically significant risk factors for CRPC progression include Gleason score, the extent of metastatic spread, hereditary characteristics such as gene mutations affecting androgen receptor (AR) amplification or DNA repair deficiency mutations, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, and biomarker levels. Today, treatment options for CRPC have gone beyond androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to include therapy that blocks T-synthesis and/or suppresses its activity through various mechanisms. Future directions include therapies using new biological targets, drug combinations and personalized therapies. It is necessary to assess the possible reasons for the difference in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of androgendeprivation drugs, to study the features of the processes of destruction of drugs under the action of endogenous enzymes and resorption in the subcutaneous or muscle depot, which may cause the resistance to therapy.

The aim of improved treatment and diagnostic options for PCa is to delay its progression to CRPC and to prolong patient survival. Rethinking of the castration concept and advances in understanding the biology of disease progression make it necessary to revise diagnostic and treatment strategies. ADT is a fundamental vector of treatment, and it should be continued even if some new ways of treatment for CRPC are introduced.
Stereotactic hypofractive radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with lung cancer
Authors: Borisova T. N. , Nazarenko A. V. , Laktionov K. K. , Tkachev S. I. , Alieva S. B. , Breder V. V. , Trofimova O. P. , Glebovskaya V. V. , Fedorova A. A. , Marinov D. T. , Meshcheriakova N. A. , Ivanov S. M. , Gerasimov S. G.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Nowadays the stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of patients with clinical stage I-II lung cancer is the choice of the treatment modality for functionally inoperable patients. It shows safety and high efficiency in reaching the local control. Though there is a range of unsolved issues connected with the prediction of treatment efficiency and frequency of complications, an integration of new technologies in the planning and treatment process allows to widen the search of the predictive factors.

Materials and methods. Since 2014, 42 patients (T1N0M0 – 16 patients, T2N0M0 – 26 patients) with clinical stage I-IIa lung cancer have underwent SRT. The majority of patients (38) have been recognized as functionally inoperable due to the concurrent broncho-pulmonary pathology, 4 conditionally operable patients have refused an operation. 11 patients had the primary multiple tumors in their anamneses, 3 patients had a сentral tumor. Used dose fractionation options were: 10 Gy х 5 fractions (n = 29) and 7 Gy х 8 fractions (n = 13) – BED = 100 Gy.

Resuts. The median follow-up was 32 months (range 6–56 months). The 3-year local control was 94%. The isolated local recurrences were not registered. Overall 3-year survival rate was 74% (95% CI, 60–90) and a 3-year tumor-specific survival rate – 84% (95% CI, 71–98). During one-factor analysis a reliable influence on the prognosis of the fractionation regimen (р = 0,04) and, close to reliability, the initial SUVmax level influence (р = 0,07) were revealed. Grade 3 pulmonary toxicity was observed in 4 (9%) patients, one patient with a Central tumor died from pulmonary hemorrhage (grade 5 toxicity). Grade 3 chest pain was observed in 3 (7%) patients, two of them had a rib fracture.

Conclusions. With modern approaches to SRT treatment planning and delivery there should be a search for additional treatment efficiency and toxicity predictors. The total dose delivery regimen and initial tumor SUVmax can be predictive efficiency factors, while the pulmonary tissue volume can be a predictive toxicity factor.
Management of acneiform rash associated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment
Authors: Shatokhina E. A. , Kruglova L. S. , Polonskaia A. S.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Dermatologic adverse events (DAEs) occur in 50-90% of cases during anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment. Positive correlation between the severity of acneiform rash (AR) and the effectiveness of anti-EGFR management is established. Low effectiveness of traditional treatment for AR impairs patients’ compliance, leads to dose reduction or drug discontinuation, affecting treatment results.

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of traditional and proposed combined treatment for AR associated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy.

Materials and methods. 44 patients with grade I-II acneiform rash were included in a 12-week study. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups and received different treatment: group 1a – traditional therapy, group 1b – combined continuous therapy, and group 1c – combined intermittent therapy. Assessment of clinical outcomes was performed with DLQI, IGA score, and the NCI CTCAE v. 4.03.

Results. The severity of AR in groups 1b and 1c improved by the end of week 1, and this trend was kept until the end of the study. The improvement was more prominent in group 1c comparing to group 1b. The severity of AR in group 1a improved by the end of week 1. During weeks 2 and 3 there was no significant change. At week 4 a deterioration of the evaluated parameters was registered, and the treatment regimen in group 1a was changed according to the treatment protocols of group 1c with rapid improvement of AR.

Conclusion. Combined intermittent therapy with systemic doxycycline and topical therapy with metronidazole 1% gel and cream with hydrocortisone acetate 1% and fusidic acid 2% showed the best effectiveness and tolerability in patients with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody-related AR.