bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEALTH EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH PREGNANCY-LABOR COMPLICATIONS IN SURABAYA
Authors: Ernawaty Ernawaty , Sri Dewi
Published: July 2022

Background: Healthcare spending has serious social and economic consequences for familie, such as financial constraints and psychological distress. Expenditure caused by obstetrics complications has an impact on total household spending. One person’s health expenditure can influence their family members’ welfare.
Aims: This study analyzed health expenditure of patients experiencing preeclampsia, eclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhages.
Methods: This study utilized a descriptive observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 135 women who gave birth in November to December 2018. Multistage random sampling was used since the respondents were selected from regions of Surabaya.
Results: Respondents of pregnancy and delivery complication with catastrophic health expenditure was eclampsia suffered by 40 respondents, 71 respondents with medium income financing Rp3,800,000.00, 64 respondents with medium household expenditure (monthly income of Rp2,001,000.00 - Rp3,000,000.00). As many as 62 respondents had social security agency for health without contribution beneficiaries, 62 respondents had one employed family member, and 66 respondents had 5-7 family members.
Conclusions: The majority of respondents in Surabaya in 2019 experienced a 10% increase of total household expenditure while undergoing treatment. The government continues to increase subsidies for health service facilities that mostly serve the indigen population.
PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT SYMPTOMS IN NURSES HOSPITAL ASSIGNED TO COVID-19 ISOLATION ROOMS
Authors: Kurniawan Sylvia Jessy , Putra Kuswantoro Rusca , Hartawan I Gusti Agung Gede Utara
Published: July 2022

Background: Burnout is a health problem that may happen to nurses and may impact patient safety and organization in any situations, especially during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic.
Aims: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of burnout among nurses in charge of isolation rooms and its relationship to their demographics factor.
Methods: This research design is descriptive-analytic quantitative and cross-sectional. It involved 124 nurses assigned to isolation rooms for COVID-19 patients admitted to the first referral hospital in Bali. Data were collected using a questionnaire adopted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory to identify burnout symptoms. Demographic questionnaire was administered to garner respondents' demographics.
Results: High category of burnout was related to emotional exhaustion found in 66.1% of the respondents, depersonalization in 33.1%, and reduced personal accomplishment in 0.8%. Age, marital status, education, and gender were not related to burnout. Nurses who worked in non-ICU experienced higher burnout than ICU (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout symptoms in the nurses who were in charge in COVID-19 isolation rooms is in the high category. Hospital management must consider demographic factors to improve the work environment, recruit new employees, conduct routine health checks, and provide mental health treatments consistently.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MATERNAL MORTALITY ATTRIBUTES
Authors: Fatmaningrum Dyah Ayu , Anis Wahyul , Laksana Muhammad Ardian Cahya
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for mothers to access health services in Indonesia. Patient management, referral processes, and maternal screening protocols are the reasons for this issue.
Aims: This study aimed to analyze maternal mortality trends in East Java Province before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study was conducted using retrospective observation with a cross-sectional design, and samples were selected using a total sampling technique. The number of maternal deaths in East Java was 520 in 2019 and  565 in 2020. The independent variable in this study is the number of maternal deaths, and the dependent variables include age, gravida, place of death, rescue relay, time of death, and maternal complications. The variables of age, place of death, rescue relay, and gravida were assessed using the Chi-square test.
Results: Statistical tests showed a ρ value of 0.195 for age; 0.916 for place of death; 0.646 for rescue relay; and 0.048 for gravida.
Conclusion: Maternal mortality showed different trends before and after the pandemic in East Java.  Significant differences in maternal mortality rate are influenced by gravida status.
PATTERNS OF MEDICINE USE FOR COVID-19 PATIENTS AT UNDATA HOSPITAL PALU
Authors: Rumi Amelia , Ambianti Nurul , Arbi Desti Sulistiani
Published: July 2022

Background: Covid-19 cases had drastically increased. Little therapy has been formulated to respond to the situation. Covid-19 symptoms in Indonesia are divided into four classes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe.
Aims: This study aims to illustrate the pattern of drug use in Covid-19 patients at Undata Palu Hospital.
Methods: This study is a type of cross-sectional descriptive study using a cross-sectional design and collecting data retrospectively from medical records at Undata Hospital Palu in 2020.
Results: In 2020, 186 patients were confirmed positive for Covid-19. There were 95 female patients (51.9%) and 50 patients at the age of 46-55 years (27.3%). The severe symptoms happened to 109 patients (59.6%). The most common clinical manifestation was cough in 127 patients (23.3%). The most common comorbidity was pneumonia (30.8%). The most widely used primary therapy was the antibiotic azithromycin applied to 155 patients (30.0%), and the most widely used supportive therapy was vitamin C among 141 patients (20.1%). Oseltamivir antiviral therapy was administered to 132 patients (25.6%) and remdesivir to 34 patients (6.6%).
Conclusion: Covid-19 patients were mostly treated with antibiotic therapy (41.5%), antiviral therapy (32.2%), antimalarial therapy (15.7%), and corticosteroid therapy (10.7%). As many as 132 patients took oseltamivir, and 34 patients took remdesivir. However, for now, oseltamivir is no longer used.
Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with increased resource utilization after cardiac surgery: a regional analysis of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Hawkins Robert B. , Strobel Raymond J. , Joseph Mark , Quader Mohammed , Teman Nicholas R. , Almassi G. Hossein , Mehaffey J. Hunter
Published: July 2022

Aim: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a known risk factor for morbidity and mortality following cardiac surgery though contemporary resource utilization data is limited. We hypothesize that POAF increases the length of stay, hospital cost, and discharges to facilities, though this trend may be tempering over time. Methods: Records were extracted for all patients in a regional database who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement, or both (2012-2020). Patients without a history of atrial fibrillation were stratified by POAF for univariate analysis. Patients were propensity-score matched to account for baseline, operative, and postoperative differences. Results: Of the 27,307 cardiac surgery patients, 23% developed POAF. Matching resulted in 5926 well-balanced pairs of patients with and without POAF. Every metric of resource utilization was higher for patients with POAF, including ICU length of stay (58 h vs. 49 h, P < 0.0001), postoperative length of stay (7 days vs. 5 days, P < 0.0001), discharge to a facility (27% vs. 23%, P < 0.0001), and readmission (11% vs. 8%). The mean additional total hospital cost attributable to POAF was $6705 by paired analysis. A sensitivity analysis of only patients without major complications demonstrated similarly increased resource utilization for patients with POAF. Conclusions: POAF was associated with an increased 9 additional ICU hours, 2 postoperative days, 18% more discharges to a facility, and 33% greater readmissions. An additional $6705 is associated with POAF. These conservative estimates demonstrate the broad impact of POAF on in and out of hospital resource utilization that warrants future efforts at containment and quality improvement.
PATRONA İSYANI VE YENİÇERİLER: DÖRT GÖZLE BEKLENEN İHTİLALİN OSMANLI TAHTININ KÂBUSUNA DÖNÜŞMESİ
Authors: GÜL Abdulkasim
Published: July 2022

XVII. yüzyılın başından itibaren belli aralıklarla, Osmanlı sultanını hedef alan, tahtın el değiştirmesine sebep olan ihtilal veya isyanlar gerçekleşti. Bahsedilen niteliklere sahip hareketlerden biri olan 1730 Patrona İsyanı, bu makalenin mevzusudur. İsyan; Osmanlı siyasi yapısında var olan muhalefet geleneğini taşıyıp taşımadığı, isyancıların hususi vasıfları ve dayandıkları kesimler, sultanı-iktidarı tehdide getirdiği yeni özellikler bakımlarından incelendi. Yeniçeriliğin siyasi ve toplumsal yapıda muhalefet-iktidar tesisi bakımından temel güç haline gelmesinin kapıkulluktaki dönüşümle bağlantısı kurulmaya çalışıldı. Sultan III. Ahmed ve sadrazamı Damat İbrahim Paşa’nın uzun iktidarının, Osmanlı toplumu ve siyasi hayatında isyan veya ihtilal hareketlerini meşru kılan şartlara sahip olduğundan sebeplerle bağlı olmayan alt sınıf küçük bir asker grubunun öncülüğündeki isyancılar tarafından yıkıldığı tespiti yapıldı. Çalışmada literatüre hâkim olan düşüncenin aksine isyanın payitahttaki herhangi bir kurumsal güç merkezine dayanmadan tertipsizce çıkarıldığı, bu vasıflarından dolayı isyancıların kontrolden çıktıkları ancak yine bu vasıfları sebebiyle kolay şekilde ortadan kaldırıldıkları kanaatine varıldı. Geçici şekilde bastırılmakla beraber isyanın daha önce şekillenen toplumsal yapının iktidar karşıtlığına dönüşmesi için bir kırılma olduğu, yeni gelişen şartlarda tahta olan tehdidin canlı kaldığı ve XVIII. yüzyıl sonu itibariyle mücadelenin taşraya da taşındığı neticesi elde edildi.
The Thermodynamic Formalism and the Central Limit Theorem for Stochastic Perturbations of Circle Maps with a Break
Authors:   Natural-Mathematical Science Department, Turin Polytechnic University, Dzhalilov A. ,   Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Clausthal, Mayer D. ,   V. I. Romanovsky Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Sciences, Aliyev A.
Published: July 2022

Let $T\in C^{2+\varepsilon}(S^{1}\setminus\{x_{b}\})$, $\varepsilon>0$, be an orientation preserving circle homeomorphism with rotation number $\rho_{T}=[k_{1},k_{2},\ldots,k_{m},1,1,\ldots]$, $m\geq 1$, and a single break point $x_{b}$. Stochastic perturbations $\overline{z}_{n+1}=T(\overline{z}_{n})+\sigma\xi_{n+1}$, $\overline{z}_{0}:=z\in S^{1}$ of critical circle maps have been studied some time ago by Diaz-Espinoza and de la Llave, who showed for the resulting sum of random variables a central limit theorem and its rate of convergence. Their approach used the renormalization group technique. We will use here Sinai’s et al. thermodynamic formalism approach, generalised to circle maps with a break point by Dzhalilov et al., to extend the above results to circle homemorphisms with a break point. This and the sequence of dynamical partitions allows us, following earlier work of Vul at al., to establish a symbolic dynamics for any point ${z\in S^{1}}$ and to define a transfer operator whose leading eigenvalue can be used to bound the Lyapunov function. To prove the central limit theorem and its convergence rate we decompose the stochastic sequence via a Taylor expansion in the variables $\xi_{i}$ into the linear term $L_{n}(z_{0})=\xi_{n}+\sum\limits_{k=1}^{n-1}\xi_{k}\prod\limits_{j=k}^{n-1}T^{%
\prime}(z_{j})$, ${z_{0}\in S^{1}}$ and a higher order term, which is possible in a neighbourhood $A_{k}^{n}$ of the points $z_{k}$, ${k\leq n-1}$, not containing the break points of $T^{n}$. For this we construct for a certain sequence $\{n_{m}\}$ a series of neighbourhoods $A_{k}^{n_{m}}$ of the points $z_{k}$ which do not contain any break point of the map $T^{q_{n_{m}}}$, $q_{n_{m}}$ the first return times of $T$. The proof of our results follows from the proof of the central limit theorem for the linearized process.
On Almost Shadowable Measures
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Chungnam National University, Lee K. ,   Instituto de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rojas A.
Published: July 2022

In this paper we study the almost shadowable measures for homeomorphisms on compact metric spaces. First, we give examples of measures that are not shadowable. Next, we show that almost shadowable measures are weakly shadowable, namely, that there are Borelians with a measure close to $1$ such that every pseudo-orbit through it can be shadowed. Afterwards, the set of weakly shadowable measures is shown to be an $F_{\sigma\delta}$ subset of the space of Borel probability measures. Also, we show that the weakly shadowable measures can be weakly* approximated by shadowable ones. Furthermore, the closure of the set of shadowable points has full measure with respect to any weakly shadowable measure. We show that the notions of shadowableness, almost shadowableness and weak shadowableness coincide for finitely supported measures, or, for every measure when the set of shadowable points is closed. We investigate the stability of weakly shadowable expansive measures for homeomorphisms on compact metric spaces.
Synthesis, Characterization of Magnetic Composites and Testing of Their Activity in Liquid-phase Oxidation of Phenol with Oxygen
Authors: Dossumova Binara T. , Shakiyeva Tatyana V. , Muktaly Dinara , Sassykova Larissa R. , Baizhomartov Bedelzhan B. , Subramanian Sendilvelan
Published: July 2022

The development and improvement of methods for the synthesis of environmentally friendly catalysts based on base metals is currently an urgent and promising task of modern catalysis. Catalysts based on nanoscale magnetite and maghemite have fast adsorption-desorption kinetics and high chemical activity. The purpose of this work was to obtain magnetic composites, determine their physicochemical characteristics and verify their activity in the process of liquid-phase oxidation of phenol with oxygen. Magnetic nanocomposites were obtained by chemical co-deposition of salts of ferrous and trivalent iron. The synthesized magnetic composites were studied by X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and Mössbauer spectroscopy, IR-Fourier spectroscopy, elemental analysis. To increase the catalytic activity in oxidative processes, the magnetite surfaces were modified using cobalt nitrate salt. Further, CoFe2O4 was stabilized by adding polyethylenimine (PEI) as a surfactant. Preliminary studies of the oxidation of phenol with oxygen, as the most typical environmental pollutant were carried out on the obtained Fe3O4, CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4/PEI catalysts. The spectrum of the reaction product shows the presence of CH in the aromatic ring and double C=C bonds, stretching vibrations of the C=O groups of carbonyl compounds; the band at 3059 cm–1 corresponds to the presence of double C=C bonds, the band at 3424 cm–1 hydroquinone compounds. The band at 1678 cm–1 and the intense band at 1646 cm–1 refer to vibrations of the С=О bonds of the carbonyl group of benzoquinone. Peaks at 1366 cm–1 and 1310 cm–1 can be related to the vibrations of C–H and C–C bonds of the quinone ring. Thus it was demonstrated that produced magnetic composites based on iron oxide are quite effective in the oxidation of phenol with oxygen.
Digital Transformation Framework for Facility Management based on Building Information Modelling
Authors: Wildenauer Adrian August , Basl Josef , Poór Peter
Published: July 2022

The paper is based on the scientific outcome of a PhD Thesis. It introduces the generic, model-based, reusable, and extensible conceptual framework to incorporate Facility Management data based within the three-dimensional model-based design and construction of an asset to enable smart applications, which are introduced. The conceptual framework is composed of empirical data from expert interviews, questionnaires, and factual analysis from 13 projects of varied sizes of public and private clients. It shows which phases need which data, who needs them, and which added value can be generated if intelligent data structuring is used at the beginning of the construction project and bridges the gap between requirement and practice. The term “smart application” is introduced.
Progress in Developing a Neuromorphic Device that is Predicted to Enhance Cortical Prosthetic Vision by Enabling the Formation of Multiple Visual Geometries
Authors: Pavloski Raymond
Published: July 2022

Sense element engagement theory explains how neural networks produce cortical prosthetic vision. A major prediction of the theory can be tested by developing a device which is expected to enable perception of continuous forms in altered visual geometries. The research reported here completes several essential steps in developing this device: (1) replication of simulations that are consistent with the theory using the NEST simulator, which can also be used for full-scale network emulation by a neuromorphic computer; (2) testing whether results consistent with the theory survive increasing the scale and duration of simulations; (3) establishing a method that uses numbers of spikes produced by network neurons to report the number of phosphenes produced by cortical stimulation; and (4) simulating essential functions of the prosthetic device. NEST simulations replicated early results and increasing their scale and duration produced results consistent with the theory. A decision function created using multinomial logistic regression correctly classified the expected number of phosphenes for 2080 spike number distributions for each of three sets of data, half of which arise from simulations expected to yield continuous visual forms on an altered visual geometry. A process for modulating electrical stimulation amplitude based on intermittent population recordings that is predicted to produce continuous visual forms was successfully simulated. The classification function developed using logistic regression will be used to tune this process as the scale of simulations is further increased.
Stochastic Population Dynamics of Cancer Stemness and Adaptive Response to Therapies
Authors: Jain Paras , Duddu Atchuta Srinivas , Jolly Mohit Kumar
Published: July 2022

Intratumoral heterogeneity can exist along multiple axes: Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)/non-CSCs, drug-sensitive/drug-tolerant states and a spectrum of epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal phenotypes. Further, these diverse cell-states can switch reversibly among one another, thereby posing a major challenge to therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding the origins of phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity remains an active area of investigation. While genomic components (mutations, chromosomal instability) driving heterogeneity have been well-studied, recent reports highlight the role of non-genetic mechanisms in enabling both phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity. Here, we discuss various processes underlying phenotypic plasticity such as stochastic gene expression, chromatin reprogramming, asymmetric cell division and the presence of multiple “attractors”. These processes can facilitate a dynamically evolving cell population such that a subpopulation of (drug-tolerant) cells can survive lethal drug exposure and recapitulate population heterogeneity on drug withdrawal, leading to relapse. These drug-tolerant cells can be both pre-existing and also induced by the drug itself through cell-state reprogramming. The dynamics of cell-state transitions both in absence and presence of the drug can be quantified through mathematical models. Such a dynamical systems approach to elucidating patterns of intratumoral heterogeneity by integrating longitudinal experimental data with mathematical models can help design effective combinatorial and/or sequential therapies for better clinical outcomes.
Quality of Experience Experimentation Prediction Framework Through Programmable Network Management
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Ahmed Osama Basil , Mu Mu , Al-Sharbaz Ali
Published: July 2022

Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics can be used to assess user perception and satisfaction in data services applications delivered over the Internet. End-to-end metrics are formed because QoE is dependent on both the users’ perception and the service used. Traditionally, network optimization has focused on improving network properties such as the QoS. In this paper we examine the Adaptive streaming over a software defined network environment. We aimed to evaluate and study the media streams, aspects affecting the stream, and network. This was done to eventually reach a stage of analysing the network’s features and their direct relationship with the perceived QoE. We then use machine learning to build a prediction model based on subjective user experiments. This will help to eliminate future physical experiments and automate the process of predicting QoE.
Control of Spindle Position and Stiffness of Aerostatic-Bearing-Type Air Turbine Spindle
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Kato Tomonori , Otsubo Tatsuki , Koyama Atsuhiro , Yazawa Takanori ,   Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan,   Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Published: July 2022

Air turbine spindles with aerostatic bearings are widely used in ultraprecision machining equipment. Ultraprecision grinding processes using air turbine spindles with aerostatic bearings include constant-pressure dry lapping of nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) tools and ultraviolet irradiation polishing of chemical vapor deposition diamond films. In the dry lapping of NPD tools, it is necessary to achieve constant-pressure grinding while flexibly adjusting the contact force between the NPD tool and the truer fixed on the end face of the aerostatic spindle to form a nose bite with a cutting-edge rounding radius, R, of 0.1 nm. However, it is common for operators to manually adjust the cut depth and the air pressure supplied to the aerostatic bearing by relying on the noise and rotation speed during machining. Moreover, aerostatic spindles without a control mechanism, such as active bearings, are widely used because of their low costs and versatility. For several years, the authors have been developing a method to control air bearing stiffness by controlling the bearing supply pressure with high speeds and precision using a high-precision quick response regulator for aerostatic spindles without a control mechanism, such as active bearings. In this study, the compliance control (control of spindle position and stiffness) of aerostatic bearings was investigated using the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the method to ultraprecision grinding applications was demonstrated.
Oxygen isotopic composition of boron minerals from kurchatovite-sakhaite ores of the Solongo deposit
Authors: Izbrodina S. Yu. , Posokhov V. F.
Published: July 2022

The Solongo boron-magnetite skarn deposit (Western Transbaikalia, Russia) features industrial reserves of rare kurchatovite-sakhaite ores. The purpose of the work is to study the oxygen isotopic composition of boron-bearing minerals from the kurchatovite-sakhaite ores of the deposit. The samples were studied using modern methods of electron microscopy, mass spectrometry. The original photographs of transparent thin sections and images of the samples in backscattered electrons show mineral associations of sakhaite and kurchatovite icluding polymineral szaibeliite-sibirskite-calcite aggregate, roweite, fedorovskite, ludwigite, forsterite, serpentine, titanite, sphalerite, magnetite, jacobsite, apatite, turneaureite. The evolution of the Solongo deposit boron minerals is described. The following indicators of the oxygen isotopic composition δ18О v-SMOW in minerals have been obtained: sakhaite – +1 ‰, roweite – +2.7 ‰, kurchatovite – +1.9 ‰, magnetite – -0.3 ‰. The comparison of isotopic data on sakhaite with the available literature data has shown that the sakhaite of Solongo boron ores has a relatively light oxygen composition. The indicators obtained are attributed to the participation of meteoric waters including melt waters of firn basins and permafrost, in the formation process of the deposit, as well as reduced index of the oxygen isotope composition δ18O of the dolomites of the Ozerninsky ore cluster, whose transformation is associated with the sakhaite formation.
The impact of intrapreneurship on operators’ performance of Jordanian Telecom organizations
Authors: Toubasi Samah , Al-Haddad Shafig
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of intrapreneurship on the performance of telecom operators in Jordan. Three different dimensions are investigated that represent the independent variable of intrapreneurship – corporate culture, corporate entrepreneurship, and re-engineering corporate thinking, while the dependent variable performance included five dimensions such as the volume of production, sales volume, production process, diversification, and employee enhancement. A quantitative method was used; a survey was targeted at Telecom Jordan employees who were participating in the company’s intrapreneurial program Oz. 140 employees participated in the intrapreneurial program as a comprehensive population, and 102 questionnaire forms were retrieved. The findings showed that there is a significant effect of intrapreneurship on the performance of Telecom Jordan. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.394, indicating that the intrapreneurship explains 39.4% of the change in operators’ performance. Moreover, the results revealed that the highest effect of intrapreneurship is on employee enhancement, followed by the process of production, sales volume, the volume of production, and diversification, respectively. The study highly recommended giving more attention to the intrapreneurial studio, as it is considered a factory of various diversified ideas.
O Dever de Solidariedade na Pandemia da Covid 19: Reflexões em ante a (In)Constitucionalidade das Medidas Emergenciais
Authors: Massaú Guilherme Camargo , Soares Monteiro Mamede Alex Jordan
Published: July 2022

O artigo trata dos reflexos do princípio da solidariedade durante a adoção das medidas de enfrentamento à pandemia. O objetivo principal é analisar o papel desempenhado pelo princípio da solidariedade nas várias controvérsias constitucionais nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Constata-se que que a estrutura social, federativa e democrática da Constituição é de caráter solidário, pois demanda a atuação cooperativa entre as pessoas estatais, os servidores públicos, empregadores, empregados e os indivíduos em geral. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo, e é auxiliada pelas técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
On mechanisms of increased intestinal wall permeability under stress
Authors: Vorvul Anton O. , Bobyntsev Igor I. , Medvedeva Olga A.
Published: July 2022

One of the manifestations of the stress reaction in the colon is an increase in the permeability of its wall due to the development of an inflammatory reaction against the background of changes in neuroendocrine regulation and microbiota state. These processes are accompanied by significant changes in humoral homeostasis and cell activity involved in the development of an inflammatory response in the colon wall. We performed a literature review to analyze and summarize the available research data on the mechanisms of stress-induced changes in the intestine at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels involving the regulatory systems of the body. Scientific information was searched in Web Of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), as well as in the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE). Wall permeability has been shown to have a rather complex regulation involving corticotropin-releasing factor, mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, macrophages, Substance P, nerve growth factor, neurotensin, microbiota metabolic factors (serotonin, short-chain fatty acids, indole derivatives and conjugated fatty acids), epigenetic mechanisms, the HES1 (Hairy/Enhancer of Split-1) - GR (glucocorticoid receptor), and the stress-associated polarity signaling pathway. Under stress, there is a change in the functioning of these mechanisms, leading to an increase in the permeability of the intestinal wall. It results in translocation of bacteria from the lumen into the underlying layers which causes activation of the immune response with subsequent development of an inflammatory reaction. The presented data testify to the prospects and validity of the development of methods of correction of stress-induced shifts in the colon by influencing the central and local mechanisms of realization of the stress response and the state of the microbiota.
Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of dental rehabilitation for total adentia
Authors: Kerimkhanov Kamil’ A. , Bobyntsev Igor I. , Iordanishvili Andrey K.
Published: July 2022

Objective: to evaluate the features of adaptation of patients to complete removable dentures, taking into account the correctness of determining the central ratio of the jaws during dental rehabilitation. Materials and methods. A dynamic follow-up was carried out on 32 elderly patients with complete loss of teeth with complete removable acrylic dentures made for the first time, which were divided into 2 groups: without defects in determin-ing the interalveolar distance (n=10) and with a decrease in the interalveolar distance by 2-6 mm (n=21). The patients were examined on the day of prosthetics and 30 days after the start of using the prostheses. During the examination a month after the start of using the prostheses, it was recommended to use a cream for fixing the prostheses of Aseptaparodontal, followed by a comprehensive examination after 10 days with the determination of chewing efficiency using a chewing test according to I.S. Rubinov, indicators of myotonometry of the chewing muscles themselves, as well as with the study of the syndrome of psychosensory-anatomical-functional maladaptation according to M.M. Soloviev. Results. It was found that during prosthetics of patients with complete loss of teeth with removable dentures, the in-teralveolar distance is correctly determined in 65.62% of cases. 31.25% of patients showed a decrease in the interalveolar dis-tance on new dentures by 2-6 mm, and in 3.13% of cases - “overbite”. The adaptation period was easier in patients with re-duced interalveolar distance on manufactured dentures, although they had somewhat worse grinding of the nut kernel used as a food irritant. Conclusion. The study reliably noted the optimization of the use of complete removable dentures when patients use a domestic cream for fixing dentures. The study also showed the importance of internal quality control of medical care, which should be carried out by the head of the orthopedic department or a senior orthopedic dentist due to errors in deter-mining central occlusion, which amount to more than 34%.
Aftermath of climate change on Bangladesh economy: an analysis of the dynamic computable general equilibrium model
Authors: Hossain Syed Shoyeb , Delin Huang , Mingying Ma
Published: July 2022

Climate change is widely acknowledged as a serious threat to global development, and Bangladesh is no exception; without a doubt, global warming has placed Bangladesh among the most vulnerable countries. The motivation behind this paper is to examine the effects of climate change by taking into account the changes in temperature and precipitation over time. This paper first evaluates the climate change impact on crop production by using a crop modeling framework and then constructs a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The result of this study finds that average gross domestic product (GDP) decreases by −6.17% and investment declines by −7.76% due to the climate change impact. The impacts of climate change on rice sectors were felt more intensely, increasing prices by 5.82 and 8.11%, reducing output by −3.08 and −3.7% collectively in 2030 and 2050. The agricultural sectors’ output declined more compared to the manufacturing, mining and gas, construction, service and transportation sectors, which indicates declines in agricultural labor and household income. In conclusion, the impact of climate change by analyzing the computable general equilibrium model in Bangladesh had been paid little attention in the past and this paper tried to fill the gaps and provide policy-makers with crucial information and guide government policies.
Analytical solution for supercritical flow in rectangular channel contraction
Authors: Amara Lyes , Carvalho Rita F. , Berreksi Ali
Published: July 2022

Analysis of the supercritical flow pattern in nonprismatic open channels is an important issue in engineering practice and often a challenging question principally due to the oblique standing wave structure. In this paper, an original analytical solution for supercritical free-surface flow in rectangular channel contraction is proposed. The two-dimensional steady depth-averaged shallow water equations are simplified to an asymptotic one-dimensional (1D) unsteady flow problem in the transverse direction. A first-order approximation is then obtained using small perturbation theory, and the 1D asymptotic model is solved analytically using the Laplace integral transformation. The two-dimensional flow field solution is obtained following a compilation of sequence planes in the time domain. Free-surface profiles along the side wall and the channel axis were compared against experimental data. For this, laboratory tests were performed in addition to a comparison with classical experimental results available in the literature. Within the limits underlying the model, good agreement in water surface profiles is obtained by comparing experimental and theoretical predictions. Principal flow features, such as wave amplitude and positions, are well captured, which makes the solution model of interest for the design and analysis of contracted open channels.
Ferroptosis and Hydrogen Sulfide in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wu Ze-Fan , Yan Bin-Jie , Luo Wen , Gui Dan-Dan , Ren Zhong , Ma Yun , Jiang Zhi-Sheng
Published: July 2022

Ferroptosis, is an iron-dependent cell death, characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species, and various regulatory mechanisms influence the course of ferroptosis. The rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) is an extremely urgent problem. CVDs are characterized by the progressive deterioration of the heart and blood vessels, eventually leading to circulatory system disorder. Accumulating evidence, however, has highlighted crucial roles for ferroptosis in CVDs. Hydrogen sulfide plays a significant part in anti-oxidative stress, which may participate in the general mechanism of ferroptosis and regulate it by some signaling molecules. This review primarily summarized the effects of hydrogen sulfide on ferroptosis and cardiovascular disease, especially its antioxidative stress, and would provide a more effective direction for the clinical study of CVDs.
COVID-19 Challenge: A Quest for Effective Vaccine Strategies Against Circulating
and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Yogesh Ruchika , Srivastava Noopur , Abbas Bukhari Syed Nasir
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the coronavirus family, a large family of viruses infecting avian and mammalian hosts. Accumulated mutations over time in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 have given rise to different variants differing in type and sequence. Variants that did not affect transmissibility, infectivity, and severity have gone unnoticed, and mutations that made the virus unfit for survival were deleted eventually from the gene pool. An emerging variant in the host population needs to be monitored closely for its infection consequences. In addition, the variants of concern (VOC) need to be focused on developing effective disease-fighting regimes. As viral epidemics are better fought using effective vaccines, several vaccines have been developed and used since December 2020. The central point of the present study is the continuous variation in the genome of SARS-CoV-2, instigating the researchers to refine their modus operandi to fight against COVID-19.

Methods:

Prominent medical and literature databases were searched using relevant keywords to gather study results, reports, and other data helpful in writing this traditional, narrative review.

Results:

This article successfully collates information about the structure and life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, followed by types and nomenclature of mutations in SARS-CoV-2. Variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) are current VOCs due to their widespread transmission capability and probable immune evasion. Furthermore, this review article presents information about the major vaccines available and those under development. Based on the original and new strains of SARS-CoV-2, 19 vaccines have been granted emergency use or conditional marketing approvals, 141 are under clinical development, and 194 in preclinical development stages worldwide.

Conclusion:

Continuous variation in the genome of SARS-CoV-2, presenting new VOCs frequently, has posed a compelling need to amend and evolve current and future vaccine development strategies to overpower the ever-evolving virus.
Machine Learning Assisted Discovery of Novel p38α Inhibitors from Natural Products
Authors: Shen Tianze , Tao Yongxing , Liu Biaoqi , Kong Deliang , Zhang Ruihan , Xiao Weilie
Published: July 2022

Background:

P38α, emerging as a hot spot for drug discovery, is a member of the mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and plays a crucial role in regulating the production of inflammatory mediators. However, despite a massive number of highly potent molecules being reported and several under clinical trials, no p38α inhibitor has been approved yet. There is still demand to discover novel p38α to deal with the safety issue induced by off-target effects.

Objective:

In this study, we performed a machine learning-based virtual screening to identify p38α inhibitors from a natural products library, expecting to find novel drug lead scaffolds.

Method:

Firstly, the training dataset was processed with similarity screening to fit the chemical space of the natural products library. Then, six classifiers were constructed by combing two sets of molecular features with three different machine learning algorithms. After model evaluation, the three best classifiers were used for virtual screening.

Results:

Among the 15 compounds selected for experimental validation, picrasidine S was identified as a p38α inhibitor with the IC50 as 34.14 μM. Molecular docking was performed to predict the interaction mode of picrasidine S and p38α, indicating a specific hydrogen bond with Met109.

Conclusion:

This work provides a protocol and example for machine learning-assisted discovery of p38α inhibitor from natural products, as well as a novel lead scaffold represented by picrasidine S for further optimization and investigation.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment
of COVID-19
Authors: Xu Xiaofang , Shen Qian , Wang Hui , Zeng Zian , Liu Meng , Wu Guang , Zhou Yusheng , Li Rong
Published: July 2022

Background:

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has caused great concern to public
health. Convincing clinical experiences showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has exhibited remarkable
efficacy in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. The research on the treatment of COVID-19
disease with TCM mainly focused on the pharmacological effects and mechanistic analysis. However, the TCM’s
pharmacokinetics and potential herb-drug interaction in the treatment of COVID-19 are currently unclear.

Method:

This review summarizes the pharmacokinetics and characteristics of cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450)
metabolism of TCM recommended in the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (trial
version eighth), and meanwhile analyzes the potential interactions between TCM and western medicine.

Results:

The pharmacokinetics of TCM mainly focused on preclinical pharmacokinetics, and fewer clinical pharmacokinetics
research was reported. When TCM and western are both metabolized by CYP450 and coadministered,
a potential herb-drug interaction might occur.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of TCM is key to understanding rational TCM
use of COVID-19 and developing antiviral TCM.
The Role of Aquatic Plants in Natural Products and Drug Discovery
Authors: Verma Surjeet , Nakin Motebang D.V. , Makhosayafana Zesipho , Lall Namrita
Published: July 2022

Background:

Phytochemicals and their derivatives/analogues represent over 50% of the current medicines worldwide in clinical use. Despite a significant contribution to the total bioactive natural plant products, aquatic plants are underestimated, and several species are extinct and in the endangered list.

Objective:

The aim of this review article is to draw the attention of common people and scientists toward a few important contributions of the aquatic plants to natural product chemistry and drug discovery by highlighting the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of the same.

Methods:

The presented data were collected and selected from the literature obtained by an online search for the ethnomedicinal properties, biological activities and bioactive chemical constituents of aquatic plants using Google Scholar, PubMed and Scifinder chemical abstract service.

Results:

The selected literature data revealed that the extract and compounds isolated from several aquatic plants possess significant biological/pharmaceutical properties. For example, the α-asarone (24) and asiatic acid (33) isolated from Acorus calamus and Centella asiatica, respectively, exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. The cripowellin A (59), cripowellin C (60), cripowellin B (61) and cripowellin D (62), isolated from Crinum erubescens, exhibited potent antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in nanomolar range (11-260 nM). Several other alkaloids from different Crinum species have also shown anticancer properties against different cancer cell lines with IC50 value <5 μM. Alkaloids and resin glycosides, isolated from different Ipomoea species, have displayed significant psychotropic, psychotomimetic, anticancer, and antibacterial activities with IC50 value <5 μM.

Conclusion:

The aquatic plants play a significant role in the discovery of bioactive natural products. Although several biological activities and bioactive compounds have been reported from these plants, further assessment and scientific validation of most of their traditional usages still need to be done. There are several other similar species that are underestimated and not much explored. Many aquatic plants, such as Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Juncus lomatophyllus Spreng., Commelina benghalensis Linn, Gunnera perpensa L., Scirpus maritimus L. and Mentha longifolia (L.) L., may be considered for further evaluation. In addition to these, one should not undermine the potential of Crinum macowanii for COVID-19 pathogenesis, as its chemical constituent lycorine has shown significant SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory potential (EC50, 0.3 μM; SI >129). Furthermore, most rural communities are still using the wetland resources for their cultural, medicinal, economic, domestic, and agricultural needs. Hence, the conservation of aquatic plants and wetlands is an issue of great concern.
Effects of p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Vanillin, and Syringaldehyde on
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Activity
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Peter Joy Atule , Olatunde Ahmed , Aminu Suleiman , Umar Ismaila Alhaji
Published: July 2022

Background:

The PTP 1B is a negative regulator of insulin signal transduction and hence, serves as a therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes.

Objective:

The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde on the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) in vitro.

Method:

The PTP 1B inhibitory assay and mode of inhibition of the three compounds were determined using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) in a 96 well microplate. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinities of the compounds with the PTP 1B.

Results:

The results showed that syringaldehyde exhibited significantly (p< 0.05) higher PTP 1B inhibitory activity (IC50: 12.75 µM) compared to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (IC50: 33.79 µM) and vanillin (IC50: 42.82 µM) as well as the standards suramin (IC50: 28.35 µM) and ursolic acid (IC50: 19.45 µM). Syringaldehyde and vanillin showed uncompetitive inhibition whereas, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed a mixed inhibition type. The molecular docking simulation predicted negative binding energies of -5.0 kcal/mol, -5.5 kcal/mol, and -5.5 kcal/mol for p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde respectively.

Conclusion:

Syringaldehyde showed higher inhibition of PTP 1B compared to other phenolic aldehydes and could be the mechanism of its antidiabetic activity. Hence, further studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and toxicity of the compound
Flexible Graphene Sheet Loaded Curved Patch Applicator for Superficial
Hyperthermia Treatment Planning Utilizing Ripple Effect of Armchair
and Zigzag Bending
Authors: Singla Alka , Marwaha Anupma , Marwaha Sanjay , Rani Surekha
Published: July 2022

Background:

Non-invasive microwave hyperthermia approaches suffer from several limitations,
such as maximum energy localization in the target tissue, reduced unwanted hotspots, less
penetration time at specific penetration depth, and maximum directivity of applicators. For conformal
body structures, curved patch applicators avoid mismatch losses and provide circular polarization
to achieve maximum power deposition at the target tissue. At microwave frequencies, graphene
also exhibits good absorption properties and utilizing graphene strips on both sides of a curved patch
offers potential benefits of enhancement of gain, directional radiation pattern, and suppressed sidelobes.

Objective:

Designing a flexible graphene sheet-loaded curved patch for a non-invasive microwave
hyperthermia applicator resonating at 2.45 GHz is the prime objective of current work. The proposed
work is based on utilizing the absorbing properties of graphene sheets with hybrid hexagonal boron
nitride (hBN) under various bending conditions on both sides of a curved patch.

Methods:

Graphene-loaded curved design offers structural flexibility due to the presence of ripples
on the surface and their alignment in armchair configuration (ARC) and zigzag configuration (ZGC).
The bending flexibility along the two configurations alters the electronic properties and opens the
band gap. Thus, the FEM model has been developed for coupling bio-electromagnetic problems of
human body phantom with graphene-loaded curved patch applicator by bending it in two different
configurations.

Results:

For both ARC and ZGC antenna design, parameters, such as return loss and realized gain,
have been investigated. The proposed design achieved a maximum return loss value of -30 dB and
gain of 7.1 dBi for ARC configuration since it provides the maximum difference in valance band and
conduction band in band gap structure, while these values are relatively less in the case of ZGC. The
implementation of the design on cylindrical body phantom is realized for ARC with a maximum Efield
value of 80.2 V/m at a maximum penetration depth of 40 mm. Further simulations are performed
for evaluation of penetration time and fractional tissue damage due to necrosis, and it has
been observed that 10 W of input power is sufficient to achieve maximum temperature range and
tissue necrosis in a duration of 15 minutes.

Conclusion:

The results show that a curved graphene patch applicator provides a potential solution
for targeted heating in hyperthermia applications.