bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender matters
Authors: Vázquez P. García , Martinez R. Gomez
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Recently, the seasonal pattern of bipolar disorder has been accepted, with the clinical, diagnostic, treatment and prognostic consequences that this entails. It is interesting to study its epidemiological characteristics, such as the influence of gender on this pattern.

Objectives

To study the influence of gender in the Seasonal Pattern of Bipolar Disorder.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out by means of a bibliographic search in Ovid MEDLINE of articles published in the last ten years (2010-2020), using the following keywords: bipolar disorder, seasonal pattern and gender: Those studies carried out in patients who presented a seasonal pattern were selected, and the influence of gender on this was studied.

Results

The initial search showed a total of 92 articles, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. It was found that, indeed, gender influences both the clinical characteristics and the course, management and prognosis of the seasonality of bipolar disorder.

Conclusions

The diagnosis of the Seasonal Pattern in Bipolar Disorder continues to be an important challenge. Women more frequently present PE, associated with manic, depressive or mixed episodes, while men in depressive episodes. Men are more frequently associated with Bipolar Disorder type II and depressive episodes, and women with rapid cycling and eating disorders. Male manic episodes are associated with psychotic symptoms, and with greater severity in admissions. Women have a higher risk of Seasonal Pattern than men, with the clinical and prognostic repercussions that this entails.
Adverse childhood experiences, family relationship and generalized anxiety in the youth population in Hong Kong
Authors: Tang W.C. , Wong C.S. , Chang W. , Hui C.L. , Chan S.K. , Lee E.H.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are shown to be risk factors for developing anxiety later in life. However, one’s family relationship acts as a protective factor between ACEs and anxiety.

Objectives

The present study examines the interaction between ACEs and family relationship and their effect on generalized anxiety (GA) amongst the youth population in Hong Kong.

Methods

Participants aged 15-24 were recruited from a population-based epidemiological study in Hong Kong. GA in the past two weeks was assessed using GAD-7, while ACEs were measured using the childhood section of Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales (CIDI-SC), encompassing parental psychopathology, physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect before age 17. Family relationship was measured by the Brief Family Relationship Scale (BFRS). Linear regression and a two-way ANCOVA were conducted to examine the association between ACEs, family relationship and GA, while adjusted for age and gender.

Results

633 (70.7%) out of 895 participants had any ACEs. ACEs significantly predicted GAD-7 scores (Β=1.272, t(891)=4.115, p<.001). Two-way ANCOVA reported a significant interaction effect of ACEs and family relationship on GA (F(1, 889)=4.398, p=.036), namely those who had any ACEs and poorer family relationship scored higher in GAD-7 (p<.001), whereas there was no difference in family relationship for those without ACEs on GA (p=.501).

Conclusions

ACEs increases the vulnerability to GA later in life. However, its effect on anxiety decreases when one has a better family relationship. This suggests a possible moderating role of family relationship in developing GA among younger people.
Workplace violence in a 20 year follow-up study of norwegian physicians: The roles of gender, personality and stage of career
Authors: Nøland S. , Taipale H. , Mahmood J. , Tyssen R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Workplace violence (WPV) is a worldwide health problem with major individual and societal consequences. Previously identified predictors of WPV include working in psychiatry and work stress.

Objectives

To investigate WPV trends during Norwegian doctors’ careers and assess individual long-term predictors in a longitudinal study.

Methods

Two nationwide medical student cohorts (n=1052) who graduated 6 years apart were surveyed at graduation (T1, 1993/94 and 1999) and 4 (T2), 10 (T3), 15 (T4) and 20 (T5) years after graduation (Figure 1). WPV was measured as multiple threats or acts of violence experienced at least twice. Individual predictors were obtained at T1 and work-related factors at T2–T5. WPV was analysed using repeated measures (Generalized Estimating Equations).

Results

The prevalence of multiple threats and acts of violence declined at T2–T5 (p<0.001). Adjusted predictors of threats were male gender (odds ratio, OR 2.76, [95% confidence interval] 1.73–4.40; p<0.001), vulnerability traits (OR 0.90, [0.82–0.99]; p=0.031), older cohort (OR 1.63,[1.04–2.58], p=0.035) and working in psychiatry (OR 7.50, [4.42–12.71]; p<0.001). Adjusted predictors of acts were male gender (OR 3.37, [1.45–7.84]; p=0.005), older cohort (OR 6.08, [1.68–21.97]; p=0.006) and working in psychiatry (OR 12.34, [5.40–28.23]; p<0.001).

Conclusions

Higher rates of multiple threats and acts of violence were observed during early medical careers, with men at higher risk. Low levels of vulnerability traits (neuroticism) predicted independently the experience of violent threats. A cohort effect indicated a reduction in WPV (both threats and acts) in the younger cohort.
Medical assessement of 3 years of activities in mahdia’s psychiatric department
Authors: Kacem M. , Khouaja M. , Aoun M.H. , Zarrouk L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The field of psychiatry extends from diagnosis to treatment, including prevention and various cognitive behavioral and emotional disorders.

Objectives

To study the activity of Mahdia’s psychiatric department in order to improve its outcomes.

Methods

This study was retrospective based on reporting data of the inpatients during 3 years (2016-2018) and then analyzing them.

Results

This study involved 395 patients with an average age 36.6 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.58. The prevalence of the disorders was more marked with the low socio-economic level, school failure and unemployment. 37% had a family psychiatry history and schizophrenia was the most common. 75.5% had a personal psychiatric history and 16.8% had a history of suicide attempt. Schizophrenia (28%), Bipolar Disorder (22.1%) and Depression (14.7%) were the main conditions. The majority 79.2% had irregular medical follow-up, 44% had poor therapeutic adherence. The majority 86.6% were hospitalized without consent. The most common reason was aggression and the average length of stay was 19.47 days. The mean duration of parenteral therapy was 4.38 days. Electro-convulsive therapy was indicated for only 16 patients. Typical antipsychotics were the most prescribed 37.4%. The exit treatment was monotherapy in 14.3% and polytherapy in 83.4%. The exit destination was home in 98% and the obligation follow-up was only indicated in 2.8% (11patients).

Conclusions

This study is at the heart of psychiatric news with many questions around these coercive practices at legal and ethical level, particularly respect for freedom, legitimacy of these measures, patients’ safety and the quality of the treatments.
Antipsychotic medication and the elderly
Authors: Jardak D. , Omri S. , Feki R. , Smaoui N. , Thabet J. Ben , Zouari L. , Charfi N. , Bouali M. Maalej , Maalej M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In recent years, the use of antipsychotics (AP) has been widely debated for reasons concerning their efficacy and safety in the elderly.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the prescription of AP in the elderly subjects.

Methods

We led a retrospective and descriptive study. We extracted all patients aged 65 years or older who consulted the psychiatric outpatient unit at the Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax –Tunisia between January 1 and December 31 2019 and who were treated with AP. General, clinical and therapeutic data were collected from medical records.

Results

The mean age of patients was 71,7 years. Medical conditions were observed in 53,1% of them. The reasons for consultation were behavioral disturbances (34,4%), insomnia (18,8%) and memory impairment (15,6%). The main retained diagnoses were dementia (40,6%), mood disorders (28,1%), delusional disorder (15,6%). The indications for prescribing antipsychotics were disruptive behavior (59,4%) and delirium/hallucinations (34,4%). Laboratory examinations and electrocardiogram were performed respectively in 46,8% and 15,6% of cases. AP treatment was prescribed in 90,6% of cases right from the first consultation. Atypical AP were prescribed in 56,2% of cases. Adverse effects were noted in 18,7% of patients. The average time to get a response was 7.3 weeks

Conclusions

The use of AP in the elderly requires an individual assessment, case by case; particular caution is recommended.

Conflict of interest

No significant relationships.
The position of the polish bishops’ conference on LGBT+ – philosophical, theological, clinical and political aspects
Authors: Kosmowski W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Practicing medicine cannot disregard cultural conditions. Philosophy and religion are elements of culture. For several years in Poland, various circles have discussed the extensive LGBT issues. A document of Polish Bishops on this subject appeared on 28.08.2020. In 2018, 91.8% of people over 16 years old in Poland declared affiliation to the Roman Catholic Church (Statistics Poland 2020).

Objectives

The aim of the study is to present different perspectives of effects of that publication, including ethical evaluation and references to clinical practice.

Methods

Statements of protagonists and antagonists of this document in Polish were analyzed. Collected arguments were divided into types: philosophical – by philosophy branches (e.g. ethics, philosophical anthropology), theological and clinical.

Results

As of 29.09.2020 – 85,200 results in the Google Search after typing (in Polish) “Polish Episcopal Conference LGBT”. The use of philosophical arguments by both parties results from the adaptation of different systems, e.g. regarding philosophical anthropology, some assume the immutability of human nature, others – its variability and susceptibility to shaping, e.g. human sexuality. Some emphasize the importance of non-discrimination, while others indicate the need to consider human essence in determining directions of actions.

Conclusions

Professionals should help everyone, regardless of conditions, in accordance with conscience and contemporary medical knowledge [Polish Code of Medical Ethics]. They should try to understand patients and the context of symptoms. Familiarizing oneself with arguments of both sides helps in this. But polemical language makes dialogue difficult. What for one is a “venerable tradition”, for another is a “stereotype” or “discrimination”.
Perception of otherness - the role of personality and demographic variables
Authors: Preiss M. , Doubková N. , Jonáš J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The idea that personality can influence our perception of ‘otherness’ is widely accepted within the literature of social sciences. Undoubtedly, the principle of dehumanization played an important role in genocides during the 20th and 21st centuries. In totalitarian or post-totalitarian regimes ‘otherness’ may present a challenge to the absolute power. Recent studies showed that negative attitudes toward ‘otherness’ – also known as xenophobia – are on a rise in the Czech Republic.A deeper analysis of the personality in relation with perception of otherness is still missing.

Objectives

The presentation analyse the personality variables associated with the perception of otherness and compare the differences between various age groups, genders, individuals with different levels of education, and above all, the differences between various groups. Several contrast groups are compared - general population, high neuroticism sample, personality disorder sample, xenophobic and xenophilic sample.

Methods

Bogardus Scale of Social Distance as a measure of perception of otherness is compared with in-depth analysis of personality functioning (Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM–5, STiP-5.1).

Results

We analyze the results of five samples with respect to demographic variables, variables of personality functioning and try to point out the relationship between more attitudes and underlying personality functioning. The importance of some demographic variables (as age) and connections between personality functioning (Self and Interpersonal) and social distance is emphasized and discussed.

Conclusions

The project help us to understand perception of otherness in light of demographic and relative power of personality factors.
A Scalable Quality Assurance Process for Curating Oncology Electronic Health Records: The Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative Approach
Authors: Lavery Jessica A. , Lepisto Eva M. , Brown Samantha , Rizvi Hira , McCarthy Caroline , LeNoue-Newton Michele , Yu Celeste , Lee Jasme , Guo Xindi , Yu Thomas , Rudolph Julia , Sweeney Shawn ,   AACR Project GENIE Consortium, Park Ben Ho , Warner Jeremy L. , Bedard Philippe L. , Riely Gregory , Schrag Deborah , Panageas Katherine S.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

The American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange Biopharma Collaborative is a multi-institution effort to build a pan-cancer repository of genomic and clinical data curated from the electronic health record. For the research community to be confident that data extracted from electronic health record text are reliable, transparency of the approach used to ensure data quality is essential.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Four institutions participating in AACR's Project GENIE created an observational cohort of patients with cancer for whom tumor molecular profiling data, therapeutic exposures, and treatment outcomes are available and will be shared publicly with the research community. A comprehensive approach to quality assurance included assessments of (1) feasibility of the curation model through pressure test cases; (2) accuracy through programmatic queries and comparison with source data; and (3) reproducibility via double curation and code review.

RESULTS

Assessments of feasibility resulted in critical modifications to the curation directives. Queries and comparison with source data identified errors that were rectified via data correction and curator retraining. Assessment of intercurator reliability indicated a reliable curation model.

CONCLUSION

The transparent quality assurance processes for the GENIE BPC data ensure that the data can be used for analyses that support clinical decision making and advances in precision oncology.
Noncovalent Modification Strategy with Achiral Phosphoric Acid Diesters for Designing a Chiral Brønsted Base Organocatalyst
Authors: Hara Momoko , Ogawa Aya , Minagawa Keiji , Imada Yasushi , Arakawa Yukihiro
Published: February 2022

A strategy for designing chiral Brønsted base organocatalysts through noncovalent modification of a chiral dibasic molecule with an achiral phosphoric acid diester is introduced for the first time. Such a molecular modification concept utilizing acid-base interactions may facilitate the on-demand design of asymmetric organocatalysts, as preliminarily demonstrated in this work.
O federalismo cooperativo em obstrução: Fissuras intergovernamentais da pandemia
Authors: De Paiva Claudio Cesar , Torrezan Raphael Guilherme Araujo , De Paiva Suzana Cristina Fernandes
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que a expectativa de uma resposta robusta e eficaz no enfrentamento dos danos sanitários e econômicos da pandemia do Covid-19, através do fortalecimento da cultura institucional do federalismo cooperativo, foi frustrada. O resultado tem sido relacionado à violação da política dos subnacionais pelo governo federal, o que tem obstruído um movimento histórico de descentralização e fortalecimento do federalismo cooperativo, bem como fomentado a litigância e impedido a construção de estratégias institucionais coordenadas e com responsabilidades compartilhadas.
Status prawny bł. Michała Giedroycia (1420?-1485) w Zakonie Kanoników Regularnych od Pokuty
Authors: Szewczul Bożena
Published: February 2022

LEGAL STATUS OF BLESSED MICHAEL GIEDROYC (1420?-1485) IN ORDER OF CANONS REGULAR OF PENANCE The article aims to outline a legal status of blessed Michael Giedroyc, Lithuanian member of (non-existing now) Order of Canons Regular of Penance of the Holy Virgin Mary de Metro of the Blessed Martyrs. Michael Giedroyc belonged to a class of so called converses in the convent as he could not be ordained and participate in Christ’s Priesthood because of his state of health related to physical disability. The legal status of the convers received by blessed Michael Giedroyc together with the related rights as well as the duties he devoutly carried out, that is all factors inscribed to some extent in the term of conversus, contributed to his reaching sanctity of life. His legal status became a kind of a “ladder to heaven,” whereas his ill health, physical disability, and awareness of belonging to lower class of religious, when properly experienced, were not whatsoever an obstacle to his spiritual development.
Aktualność i patronat bł. Michała Giedroycia
Authors: Sielepin Adelajda
Published: February 2022

TOPICALITY AND PATRONAGE OF BL. MICHAEL GIEDROYC The following article is a testimony of the current veneration of bl. Michael Giedroyc, spreading not only in Poland or Lithuania, but also beyond Europe. Relevant data have been included in the Positio causae and indicate on the one hand aspects of Michael’s spirituality and on the other, specificity of the circles that recognize him as their patron. Attention is drawn specially to a paschal aspect (heart and cross), formerly called passionate, and to closeness with Christ. From these arise mercy, particularly towards the sinners, and serving the liturgy considered as an encounter with Christ. Bl. Michael Giedroyc appears as a patron of sacristans and disabled as well as of many religious and parish communities that wish to follow Christ under his guidance and rely on his intercession. Therefore, more and more communities are eager to receive his relics.
Back action evading electro-optical transducer
Authors: Nazmiev Albert I. , Matsko Andrey B. , Vyatchanin Sergey P.
Published: February 2022

Electro-optical transducers are utilized for upconversion of radio
frequency (RF) signals to the optical frequency domain to study the RF
signals with optical tools. The transducers frequently impact the RF
system and introduce additional noise, including optical shot noise as
well as quantum back action noise, limiting the measurement accuracy.
In this paper, we theoretically study a technique based on a high
efficiency electro-optical phase modulation effect that allows back
action evading detection of an RF field quadrature. The main idea of
the proposed method is independent homodyne detection of two (Stokes and anti-Stokes) optical modes. It
allows subsequent postprocessing of the detected signals, which, in
turn, results in a broadband back action evading measurement leading
to the high sensitivity evaluation of the RF signals.
Strong-laser-field-induced ionization assisted by a terahertz pulse
Authors: Milošević Dejan B.
Published: February 2022

Extreme terahertz (THz) pulses can be generated via interaction of strong infrared ultrashort laser pulses with a suitable target. Inverting this scheme, we propose to use such THz pulses to control strong-laser-field-driven processes. In particular, we show that for THz-pulse-assisted strong-laser-field ionization the electron yield can be increased by one order of magnitude for some energies, and that the maximal emitted photoelectron energy can be a few times higher than that realized with the laser field alone. This can be achieved with the THz field intensity many orders of magnitude lower than that of the ionizing laser field. The only requirement is that the vector potential amplitude of the THz field, which governs the electron dynamics after the ionization by the laser field, be comparable with that of the used laser field. An important control parameter is the time delay between the THz pulse and the laser pulse. Strong-field ionization of Cs atoms is used for an illustration. The numerical results are obtained applying the improved strong-field approximation. For a physical explanation, we use quantum-orbit theory supported by the modified saddle-point method, as well as a classical model.
Numerical approach to design the graphene-based multilayered surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the rapid detection of the novel coronavirus
Authors: Mostufa Shahriar , Akib Tarik Bin Abdul , Rana Md. Masud , Mehedi Ibrahim M. , Al-Saggaf Ubaid M. , Alsaggaf Abdulrahman U. , Alsaggaf Mohammed U , Alam Md. Sarowar
Published: February 2022

In this article, a graphene-based multilayered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor of (BK7/WS2/Au/BaTiO3/Graphene) is proposed for the rapid detection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The proposed SPR biosensor is designed based on the angular interrogation attenuated total reflection (ATR) method for rapid detection of the COVID-19 virus. The sensor’s surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the sensing region refractive index (RI) are changed, owing to the interaction of various concentrated ligand-analytes. The specific ligand is mechanized with the proposed sensor surface and the target analyte that has flowed onto the sensing surface. The proposed sensor is capable of detecting the COVID-19 virus rapidly in two different ligand-analytes environments, such as: (i) the virus spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as an analyte and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a probe ligand, and (ii) the monoclonal antibodies (IgG or IgM) as an analyte and the virus spike RBD as a probe ligand. Due to the binding of the target ligand-analytes, the concentration level of the sensing region is incremented. As the increment in the concentration level, the RI of the sensing medium increases, therefore the change in RI causes the shift in the SPR angle resulting in the output reflectance intensity. The performance of the multilayered SPR sensor is analyzed numerically using the finite element method (FEM) method. Numerically, the proposed sensor provides the maximum angular shift sensitivity at 230.77 deg/refractive index unit (RIU), detection accuracy (DA) at 0.161 deg−1, and the figure of merits (FOM) is at 37.22 RIU−1. In addition, with each additional graphene layer number (L), the proposed sensor exhibits the angular shift sensitivity increment (1 + 0.7L) times. The novelty of the proposed multilayer (BK7/WS2/Au/BaTiO3/Graphene) sensor is highly angular sensitivity, and capable of detecting the COVID-19 virus rapidly without a false-positive report.
Generation and modulation of non-classical light in a strongly coupled photon–emitter system
Authors: Shan Lingxiao , Ren Juanjuan , Zhang Qi , Liu Qi , Ma Yun , Gong Qihuang , Gu Ying
Published: February 2022

Non-classical light, especially its single photon and squeezing properties, plays a fundamental role in on-chip quantum networks. The single photon property has been widely studied in photonic cavities including photonic crystals (PhCs), micropillar cavities, nanowires, and plasmonic cavities. However, the generation and modulation of squeezing light in nanophotonic cavities remain to be explored. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a strongly coupled PhC–plasmonic-emitter system enabling non-classical light generation and modulation. The hybridization of a PhC waveguide and an Ag nanoparticle forms a band-edge mode with a narrow linewidth and a strong confined field, which enables strong light–emitter interaction, further resulting in simultaneous generation of squeezing and single photon properties for on-chip applications. Non-classical light emission can be modulated with the detuning between the band-edge mode and the emitter. The emission is efficiently channeled by the PhC waveguide with a high coupling efficiency, accompanying unidirectional transmission under excitation by a circularly polarized emitter. The system provides a candidate for tunable and bifunctional on-chip non-classical light sources at the nanoscale and may offer more possibilities to build versatile quantum networks.
Regenerated polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings with thermal treatment for high temperature measurements
Authors: Gunawardena Dinusha Serandi , Cheng Xin , Cui Jingxian , Edbert Geraldi , Lu Linyue , Ho Yuk Ting , Tam Hwa-Yaw
Published: February 2022

We report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, regenerated polymer optical fiber Bragg gratings (RPOFBGs) in ZEONEX-based polymer optical fibers (POFs). The regeneration temperature can be adjusted using a heat treatment process on the POF before FBG inscription, enabling a scalable improvement of the thermal stability of the RPOFBGs. Thermal sustainability of the RPOFBGs at high temperature conditions was investigated for their prolonged use in diverse environments. Furthermore, these RPOFBGs can withstand strain levels up to 2.8% while maintaining a good linearity, even at temperature of 110°C. The RPOFBGs are capable of short-term operation at elevated temperatures of up to 132°C, which is the standard temperature for steam sterilization with at least a 4 min exposure period. The distinction in the morphologies of the two grades of ZEONEX (E48R and 480R, ZEON Corp.) used to fabricate the optical fiber together with the characteristics of UV irradiated and regenerated gratings is explained using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Collectively, these findings provide new heights for long-term operation of POF Bragg gratings (POFBGs) at elevated temperature environments and would be applicable to a wide range of disciplines.
From road centrelines to carriageways—A reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Vitalis Stelios , Labetski Anna , Ledoux Hugo , Stoter Jantien
Published: February 2022

Roads are important for many urban planning applications, such as traffic modelling and delivery vehicle routing. At present, most available datasets represent roads only as centrelines. This is particularily true for OpenStreetMap which provides, among many features, road networks at worldwide coverage. Furthermore, most approaches for creating more detailed networks, such as carriageways or lanes, focus on doing so from sources that are not easy to acquire, such as satellite imagery or LiDAR scans. In this paper we present a methodology to create carriageways based on OpenStreetMap’s centrelines and open access areal representations (i.e. polygons) to determine which roads should be represented as two individual carriageways. We applied our methodology in five areas across four different countries with different built environments. We analysed the outcome in a delivery routing problem to evaluate the validity of our results. Our results suggest that this method can be effectively applied to create carriageways anywhere in the world, as long as there is sufficient coverage by OpenStreetMap and an areal representation dataset of roads.
Effect of integrated reproductive health lesson materials in a problem-based pedagogy on soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents: A school-based randomized controlled trial in Tanzania
Authors: Millanzi Walter C. , Kibusi Stephen M. , Osaki Kalafunja M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Adolescents are currently becoming sexually active before their 18th birthday during which they have to battle with unsafe sexual behaviours, teenage pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and school dropouts. The trend is linked with low soft skills (self-esteem and assertiveness skills) for them to make informed, reasoned, and responsible decisions over sexual activities. This study designed and tested the effect of integrated reproductive health (RH) lesson materials in a problem-based pedagogy (PBP) to enhance soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents in Tanzania.

Methods

A double-blinded clustered randomized controlled trial was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020 among 660 randomly selected adolescents. A Sexual-risk Behaviour Beliefs and Self-esteem Scale adopted from previous studies measured soft skills for safe sexual behaviour. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed by using the statistical analysis software programme version 9.4. The effect of the intervention was determined using Linear Mixed Model set at α error probability = 5% significance level (95% confidence interval) and a β error probability = 0.80.

Findings

Adolescents’ mean age was 15±1.869 with 57.5% females. The end-line findings indicated that the coefficient of soft skills was significantly higher among adolescents in the hybrid PBP (β=9.0986, p<0.01; 95%CI: 4.7772, 14.2311) and pure PBP (β =8.7114, p<0.01; 95%CI: 3.9990, 10.1208) than in the control group. The retention rate of soft skills was still significantly higher at 3-months follow-up (β=2.0044; p<0.01; 95%CI: 1.0234, 4.1182) and at 6-months follow-up (β=1.9803; p<0.01; 95%CI: 0.8399, 3.1099) compared to the baseline and immediate post-intervention assessments.

Conclusion

The intervention substantially enhanced soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents of both sex. Despite the fact that scores for soft skills varied across the study timelines, adolescents demonstrated significant intentions to abstain from sexual intercourse, delay sexual relationships, negotiate condom use, and withstand sexual coercions. The PBP may need to be incorporated in ordinary level secondary school curricula as a formal guide to teachers and or health workers to optimally prepare adolescents for their healthy adulthood.
Financial stress and depression in adults: A systematic review
Authors: Guan Naijie , Guariglia Alessandra , Moore Patrick , Xu Fangzhou , Al-Janabi Hareth
Published: February 2022

Financial stress has been proposed as an economic determinant of depression. However, there is little systematic analysis of different dimensions of financial stress and their association with depression. This paper reports a systematic review of 40 observational studies quantifying the relationship between various measures of financial stress and depression outcomes in adults. Most of the reviewed studies show that financial stress is positively associated with depression. A positive association between financial stress and depression is found in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries, but is generally stronger among populations with low income or wealth. In addition to the “social causation” pathway, other pathways such as “psychological stress” and “social selection” can also explain the effects of financial stress on depression. More longitudinal research would be useful to investigate the causal relationship and mechanisms linking different dimensions of financial stress and depression. Furthermore, exploration of effects in subgroups could help target interventions to break the cycle of financial stress and depression.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical staff considering the interplay of pandemic burden and psychosocial resources—A rapid systematic review
Authors: Hannemann Julian , Abdalrahman Alan , Erim Yesim , Morawa Eva , Jerg-Bretzke Lucia , Beschoner Petra , Geiser Franziska , Hiebel Nina , Weidner Kerstin , Steudte-Schmiedgen Susann , Albus Christian
Published: February 2022

Background

In times of the global corona pandemic health care workers (HCWs) fight the disease at the frontline of healthcare services and are confronted with an exacerbated load of pandemic burden. Psychosocial resources are thought to buffer adverse effects of pandemic stressors on mental health. This rapid review summarizes evidence on the specific interplay of pandemic burden and psychosocial resources with regard to the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal was to derive potential starting points for supportive interventions.

Methods

We conducted a rapid systematic review following the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. We searched 7 databases in February 2021 and included peer-reviewed quantitative studies, that reported related data on pandemic stressors, psychosocial resources, and mental health of HCWs.

Results

46 reports were finally included in the review and reported data on all three outcomes at hand. Most studies (n = 41) applied a cross-sectional design. Our results suggest that there are several statistically significant pandemic risk factors for mental health problems in HCWs such as high risk and fear of infection, while resilience, active and emotion-focused coping strategies as well as social support can be considered beneficial when protecting different aspects of mental health in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence for patterns of interaction between outcomes were found in the context of coping style when facing specific pandemic stressors.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that several psychosocial resources may play an important role in buffering adverse effects of pandemic burden on the mental health of HCWs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, causal interpretations of mentioned associations are inadequate due to the overall low study quality and the dominance of cross-sectional study designs. Prospective longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the missing links.
The Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane protein CT006 associates with lipid droplets in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Bugalhão Joana N. , Luís Maria P. , Pereira Inês S. , da Cunha Maria , Pais Sara V. , Mota Luís Jaime
Published: February 2022

Chlamydia trachomatis causes genital and ocular infections in humans. This bacterial pathogen multiplies exclusively within host cells in a characteristic vacuole (inclusion) and delivers proteins such as inclusion membrane proteins (Incs) into the host cell. Here, we identified CT006 as a novel C. trachomatis protein that when expressed ectopically eukaryotic cells can associate with lipid droplets (LDs). A screen using Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified two Incs causing vacuolar protein sorting defects and seven Incs showing tropism for eukaryotic organelles. Ectopic expression in yeast and mammalian cells of genes encoding different fragments of CT006 revealed tropism for the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs. We identified a LD-targeting region within the first 88 amino acid residues of CT006, and positively charged residues important for this targeting. Comparing with the parental wild-type strain, cells infected by a newly generated C. trachomatis strain overproducing CT006 with a double hemagglutinin tag showed a slight increase in the area occupied by LDs within the inclusion region. However, we could not correlate this effect with the LD-targeting regions within CT006. We further showed that both the amino and carboxy-terminal regions of CT006, flanking the Inc-characteristic bilobed hydrophobic domain, are exposed to the host cell cytosol during C. trachomatis infection, supporting their availability to interact with host cell targets. Altogether, our data suggest that CT006 might participate in the interaction of LDs with C. trachomatis inclusions.
“To be or not to be”
Authors: Sharma Kartik , Mahapatra Pranab , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: February 2022

Indian Cinema fondly referred to as Bollywood, has remained the cultural barometer of the country while being a powerful medium of entertainment articulating contemporaneous societal and medical issues. Particularly, the portrayal of mental illnesses remains an interesting yet under-studied domain to-date. Initially projected as synonymous with madness or insanity, psychiatric conditions gradually metamorphosed to more rational screen reflection. This article analyses the portrayal of the mental illness in three Hindi feature films (Omkara (2006), Haider (2014), Maqbool (2003) by Vishal Bhardwaj) that were based on the screen adaptations of Shakespearean Tragedy namely Othello, Hamlet and Macbeth, respectively. Through this phenomenological deliberation, we discuss how these movies in their own style and expressions have embodied mental illness in a hitherto unexplored way. Using extended case studies, we qualitatively investigated how the spectrum of mental illness was depicted; how these representations operated within cinematic narratives; whether the characters presented as an ideal; and, how the idea of the mental illness was an important construct for rendering structures comprehensible according to commonly held cultural understandings. Overall, we found, mental illness representations were characterized by a multi-dimensional morality; accompanied by gloomy structures with social chaos. Such adaptation of Shakespeare in the Indian context brings to light how mental illnesses is still perceived in India.
Cine-debate en casa
Authors: Aguilera Velasco María de los Ángeles , Acosta Fernández Martín , Pozos Radillo Blanca Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: conocer los efectos del cine-debate en casa, en los significados culturales del concepto de jubilación y en las vivencias de retiro laboral, en una familia mexicana, confinada por la pandemia de Covid-19. Metodología: estudio descriptivo exploratorio con intervención pre-experimental, evaluación pre-test, intermedia y post-test. Participaron cuatro mujeres, tres retiradas del trabajo y su nieta universitaria. El programa de intervención se integró con un ciclo de cine de ocho películas para jubilados. En el pre-test y post-test se usaron las listas libres y se analizaron a través del modelo de los dominios culturales. Para la evaluación intermedia se usó el grupo focal, sus datos obtenidos se analizaron con fundamento en la fenomenología. Resultados: las participantes ampliaron y resignificaron su significado cultural sobre el concepto de jubilación. Antes de la intervención, definieron el concepto como descanso, retiro y tranquilidad. Después de la intervención, les significó felicidad y tranquilidad. Reflexionaron sobre su propio proceso de retiro laboral y tomaron conciencia de la problemática social de la jubilación. La proyección secuencial de las películas contribuyó positivamente en los resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones: en tiempos de pandemia se puede continuar con la formación para la jubilación a través del cine-debate en casa.
Refranes que matan
Authors: Ortega Hernández María Luisa
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo surge de mi ponencia en el Congreso Anual de la Asociación de Lenguas Modernas de los Estados Unidos (MLA) el 9 de enero del 2019, en Chicago, Illinois. Aborda la función didáctica de dichos y refranes como auténticas cápsulas culturales en el contexto del español médico, campo de primera necesidad en los Estados Unidos. El papel protagonístico de la lengua en la cultura (y viceversa) —condensado en máximas que hacen eco de una conciencia colectiva—, a menudo transmite altas dosis de machismo que, abierta o solapadamente, alimenta el engranaje institucionalizado de la violencia contra la mujer y contra el colectivo LGTBQIA+. Por ello, este breve recorrido por tonos disonantes nos hablará de creencias culturales opresivas que aún repercuten en la salud y en el bienestar de la mujer y de otras personas también históricamente vulneradas. El objetivo de esta experiencia de aprendizaje (mía y nuestra) es que la voz que escuchemos nos llame a examinar junto con nuestro alumnado ideas heredadas que —lejos de dar vida y esperanza— enferman y matan. Así posibilitaremos el cambio individual y social en pro de la salud y de los derechos humanos.
A DIFICULDADE DE SUPERAÇÃO DO INDIVIDUALISMO NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO NO BRASIL
Authors: Bernieri João Luis , Bortoloti José Carlos Kraemer
Published: February 2022

O Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil veio sob os auspícios da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, onde as forças se destinam assegurar os direitos sociais e individuais, a liberdade, segurança, bem-estar, o desenvolvimento, a igualdade e a justiça, tudo como valor supremo de uma sociedade fraterna. O presente trabalho articula debate com a dificuldade de superação do individualismo herdado pelo Estado de Direito liberal “pré 1988” e a possibilidade de emergência do princípio democrático “pós 1988” a partir da superação do individualismo, reconhecendo e efetivando os cidadãos em suas respectivas titularidades de direitos, consequentemente com o florescimento de oportunidades reais na vida das pessoas. Nesse entendimento, devendo existir um resgate do Estado Social no Brasil. O método de abordagem é o dialético, com a utilização de referências bibliográficas. Os elementos conclusivos indicam um modelo temporal permeado entre o Estado pré e o pós 1988, o qual acaba por criar um paradoxo deficitário para a vivência do Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil, dando as características de que o novo continua forçosamente a utilizar as armaduras do velho. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado Social, Estado Democrático de Direito, Individualismo, Reconhecimento.
AS BARREIRAS ENFRENTADAS PELA POPULAÇÃO LGBTQIA+ E O RECONHECIMENTO DA HOMOTRANSFOBIA COMO RACISMO
Authors: Pinto Saulo Góes , Moraes Rêgo Carolina Noura de
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo trata de algumas das vulnerabilidades da comunidade LGBTQIA+, relacionando o reconhecimento da homotransfobia como crime de racismo. Da mesma forma, apresenta argumentos para a superação das alegações de que o Supremo Tribunal Federal legislou ou utilizou de ativismo judicial indevido para a decisão. Traça-se um paralelo entre as barreiras encontradas pela população LGBTQIA+ e o racismo baseado na cor da pele. Constata que a proteção a vulneráveis possui respaldo constitucional e indica que, algumas vezes, os argumentos apresentados para afastar a interpretação do STF não são jurídicos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Homossexualidade, Homofobia, Homotransfobia, Racismo, Vulnerabilidade, Brasil.
A ANTINOMIA ENTRE O AVAL E A OUTORGA CONJUGAL
Authors: Lima Taisa Maria Macena de , Carneiro Victor Augusto Souza Antunes
Published: February 2022

Intenta com o presente artigo realizar a análise da aparente incongruência constante no Código Civil quando confrontada as normas de direito comercial e de direito de família, especialmente na regulamentação do aval. Parte do conceito moderno de crédito, e, evoluindo o raciocínio, busca demonstrar as funções dos títulos de crédito na modernidade. E, após analisar as todas as particularidades econômicas e jurídicas – especialmente na jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça – a respeito do aval, busca inferir a solução para antinomia entre a exigência da outorga conjugal e a natureza cambiaria da garantia prestada pelo aval. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Empresarial, Direito de Família, Títulos de Crédito, Aval, Outorga conjugal.
A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19 E O PRINCIPIO DA VEDAÇÃO AO RETROCESSO: DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS NO BRASIL EM RISCO?
Authors: Pagani Lucas Augusto Gaioski , Dias Bruno Smolarek
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir, ancorado pelo princípio da vedação ao retrocesso em relação aos direitos individuais, a saber, a liberdade de locomoção, aumentando seu escopo para além dos direitos sociais. O toque de recolher no Brasil, República Checa, Estados Unidos e Alemanha são analisados a partir de suas peculiaridades, delimitando até onde o direito de locomoção pode ser restringido, achando o seu núcleo duro, bem como as razões de justificação que compreendem o ato estatal ou jurisdicional de instituir medidas restritiva de Direitos. No ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a instituição de toque de recolher via decreto municipal e estadual violam a Legalidade vigente, sendo manifestadamente viciados e inconstitucionais tanto na sua forma quanto na sua materialidade. É imperativo que o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso seja incorporado, também, em relação aos direitos individuais, não apenas sociais, evitando, assim, a discricionariedade tanto administrativa quando jurisdicional. Artigo produzido fazendo uso do método dialético para demonstrar as diferentes formas de abordagem a qual o tema teve nos diferentes países. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vedação ao retrocesso, Direitos Fundamentais, Cerceamento, Liberdade, Legalidade Estrita.
DECISÃO POR EQUIDADE E DECISÃO COM EQUIDADE: NOTAS PARA UMA DISTINÇÃO
Authors: David Tiago Bitencourt De
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo busca analisar a distinção entre uma decisão tomada por equidade e uma adotada com equidade. Para tanto, são discriminadas as duas noções, identificando seus contornos, bem como as ocasiões e os modos de aplicação. Em um momento posterior, a decisão com equidade é situada em face do raciovitalismo de Luís Recaséns Siches e da teoria tridimensional do Direito de Miguel Reale.
O MOVIMENTO SOCIAL NEGRO: UMA LUTA PELO RECONHECIMENTO DE DIREITOS E DE PARTICIPAÇÃO DO CIDADÃO NEGRO ATRAVÉS DO CONSELHO MUNICIPAL
Authors: Schuster Tatiana dos Santos , Bitencourt Caroline Muller
Published: February 2022

O movimento negro busca não somente a participação mais efetiva dos negros nos espaços de gestão, mas o fortalecimento de partidos políticos e de governos locais que contemplam na organização do movimento social negro um forte instrumento de imposição ideológica. Diante disso questiona-se: teriam os conselhos municipais um importante papel de representatividade política na articulação das políticas públicas necessárias ao enfrentamento do que podemos chamar de racismo estrutural na sociedade brasileira? Qual é a importância dos conselhos municipais para a promoção da igualdade racial em nível local? A hipótese apresentada é que diante da conquista do movimento social em pautar a participação efetiva da população negra no exercício pleno da cidadania, articulado com a gestão pública local, é possível o alinhamento das políticas públicas de igualdade racial com a finalidade de superação das desigualdades étnicas raciais na sociedade brasileira. Em Santa Cruz do Sul, o projeto nº 60/2019, proposto pelo Conselho Municipal da Igualdade Racial, encaminhado para aprovação pela Câmara Municipal, virou realidade, a partir da Lei 8.181 de 24.04.2019, que assegura 20% das vagas existentes para candidatos negros. Utiliza-se o método dedutivo para a abordagem, o método de procedimento monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
DA FORMAÇÃO DO ESTADO MODERNO AO ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL. ANTIGAS TENSÕES, NOVOS DESAFIOS
Authors: Minosso Darlan Agomar
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem como objeto a análise do desenvolvimento do Estado moderno desde sua formação até o Estado Democrático de Direito, com vistas às tensões entre a democracia procedimental e a jurisdição constitucional. Adotar-se-á como corte metodológico a dicotomia entre o modelo liberal adotado na França pós-revolução e o constitucionalismo Norte americano no intuito de aferir se a crise contramajoritária de legitimidade, teve impacto no Brasil, diante das vicissitudes do ordenamento jurídico pátrio.
A APLICAÇÃO DOS PRINCÍPIOS EM DWORKIN
Authors: Medeiros João Maria Pegado de
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a teoria dos princípios desenvolvida por Ronald Dworkin em seu livro “Levando os direitos a sério”, cuja obra oferece duras críticas ao positivismo jurídico, especialmente ao de Hart. O conteúdo deste trabalho não pretende ser simplesmente analítico, mas terá como fim uma análise crítica em relação à concepção de Dworkin, de modo a fazer uso de alguns conceitos importantes trazidos pelo autor, porém não simplesmente adequando a sua teoria à experiência constitucional brasileira.