bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Shifting Work Arrangements During the COVID-19 on the Work-life Balance of Women Employed in Jeju
Authors:   Society for Jeju Studies, Oh Hea-Eun
Published: March 2024

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, businesses actively implemented new work arrangements(work from home, flexible work arrangement, untact work)with both the goals of infection prevention and improved operational efficiency. The influence of these changes to workplace arrangements on workers' work-family balance is an issue of disagreement. This study examines the impact of work arrangements on the work-life balance of female employee in Jeju during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used data from the 2021 Jeju Women Workers Survey and conducted a multinomial logit analysis. The study revealed that changes in places of employment due to the pandemic had a negative impact on the work-life balance of female employees in Jeju. Policy considerations should focus on how the development and expansion of work systems, such telecommuting, work from home, untact work might affect the work-life balance of female employees.
Multicultural-Based Public Policy: The Experience of Indonesia in Managing Diversity for National Resilience
Authors: Mashuri Saepudin , Futaqi Sauqi , Ruslin Ruslin , Sugiyar Sugiyar , Fakhrurrozi Hatta , Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: March 2024

The management of societal diversity through multicultural-based public policies is an interesting issue that is developing in the democratic system of the Indonesian nation today. This research aims to analyze multicultural-based public policy in three elements such as managing diversity, democratic politics, and national identity in strengthening Indonesia's national resilience. Through a study of the intertextuality of documents on multicultural issues, this research analyzes library data related to the policy concepts, regulations, and responses of society to the practice of multicultural policies in the public sector. The findings of this research describe several multicultural policies that are difficult to implement in the democratic political system of Indonesia. It often deals with identity politics based on religion. To strengthen national identity, the Indonesian government applies two essential philosophies in all aspects of national life, namely Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika. Both contain strong multicultural values as the historical heritage of the Indonesian society which are continuously maintained through the policy of establishing the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency (BPIP). Multicultural-based public policies have strengthened national identity, nationalism attitude, social integration of society that supports the resilience of the Indonesian nation for unity in its diversity to date
Overview of Narcolepsy: How Can a Sleep Disorder Be Life-Threatening?
Authors: Vahora Soha , Koneru Sritanvi , Shumway Kristin
Published: March 2024

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by periods of sudden sleep attacks and drowsiness in the daytime. Those with type 1 narcolepsy may experience cataplexy, or weakness in muscle tone, drowsiness, and involuntary movements while they are awake. Many patients suffer from hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disturbed sleep. Studies have emerged linking narcolepsy with various other conditions, ranging from neurodegenerative disease to cardiovascular health. However, the dangers of narcolepsy go beyond the presence of physical hindrances in an individual’s life; they can go as far as threatening an individual’s emotional and mental well-being.
Social Integration Challenges Faced by Dual Migration Groups: Case Study of Russian Koreans
Authors: Kim Michelle , Queenan Craig
Published: March 2024

Russian Korean immigrants within the United States consist of ethnically Korean people who have lived in Russia or the Soviet Union before immigrating to the United States. Most Russian Koreans came to the United States in search of better economic, health, or social opportunities. Many of them only speak Russian and have a predominantly Russian culture and upbringing despite their Korean ancestry. Because of this variation in ethnicity and culture, it can be very difficult for Russian Koreans to assimilate and find comfort within the United States. In order to determine what Russian Koreans specifically struggle with, a survey was sent out to 21 participants with a variety of questions about their general background as well as their current mental and physical struggles. It was found that because of specific differences in culture and ethnicity, the majority of Russian Koreans reported that they struggled with a sense of belonging and personal identity, on top of typical immigration adversities such as the language barrier, economic struggles, and lack of information. In fact, 42.9% of the participants felt that Russian Koreans face struggles that are unique to other types of immigration due to how specific their ethnic and cultural mix is after dually migrating. The majority of participants felt that it was difficult to connect with those who were not Russian Koreans similar to themselves, making it difficult for the already limited population to find connections.
Building Resilience to Reduce Mental Health Illnesses: Guidelines for Government Actions
Authors: Mu Yixuan
Published: March 2024

Childhood and adolescence are crucial stages for the development of mental well-being. Despite this significance, about 20% of U.S. children experience mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has further heightened this concern. This study investigates the intricate interplay of biological, psychological, and social mechanisms in shaping resilience towards mental health disorders. It also examines the implications of this analysis for future U.S. government actions in fostering resilience among children. After an in-depth analysis, biological, psychological, and social mechanisms are all proven to have profound impacts on the development of mental health resilience. But social mechanisms (e.g., parent-child bonds) emerge as the most influential ones, as they can determine the extent to which biological (e.g., oxytocin hormone) and psychological mechanisms (e.g., optimism) play in resilience development. This discovery highlights the importance of social dimensions in bolstering mental health resilience. As a result, effective government measures should prioritize these aspects to optimize the synergistic potential of the three mechanisms (biological, psychological, and social). Potential measures include enhancing school-based mental health services and improving living standards in low-income areas.
Impact of the 2022 PGA Tour Elevation Changes on Purses, Player Participation, and Earnings
Authors: Hoak Henry , Perkowski Patryk
Published: March 2024

A whirlwind of changes forever altered the course of golf. In 2021, LIV Golf decided to start a golf tour to compete with the established PGA Tour. In response, the PGA tour altered its structure by elevating certain tournaments, increasing purse sizes, and limiting player entry. In this paper, I examine the impact of this change on tournament purses, player entry decisions, and seasonal earnings. I found that the effects of the change were heterogeneous. Highly ranked players entered more elevated tournaments and earned much larger seasonal earnings. Meanwhile, lower-ranked players were not able to enter these tournaments, but they still had an increase in seasonal earnings by playing in non-elevated tournaments.
تمثلاتُ المرأةِ فِي المجموعةِ الشعريّةِ الكاملةِ للشاعرِ لطفي جعفر أمان
Authors: البشري نورة محمد
Published: March 2024

تطرحُ هذه الدراسةُ موضوعَ المرأةِ عند لطفي جعفر أمان وفقَ اشتغالاتٍ تتراوحُ بين مقاربتِهِ على مستوى التيماتِ، وعلى مستوى البناءِ الشعريّ للنصِ، على نحو يستثمرُ التكوينَ الأنثويّ بتعالقاتِهِ الكثيرةِ مع التجربةِ الذاتيّة للمبدع، لإعادة بنائه وفق رؤًى متعددةٍ من كونه عالمًا مثاليًّا إلى كونه عالمًا واقعيًّا وجوديًّا، وهذا يعني أن هذه الدراسة ستعمل على تناول المرأة بوصفها تيمةً موضوعاتيةً ثقافيةً، ومركز ثقل لكثير من الدلالات النسقية التي احتملها شعر لطفي جعفر أمان، وقد تنمطت علاقة الشاعر بالمرأة من خلال ثلاثة محاور دلالية، الأول: أنها محاكاة مثالية للجمال فيصفها الشاعر إما تصريحًا أو تعريضًا، والثاني أنها بعد حيويّ فهي رمز لكل ما هو جليلٌ ومقدسٌ، وجاء الثالث ليفرغ المرأة من ذلك الوجود الجميل الطاهر، فهي رمز للخيانة وقلة الوفاء، وذلك حين جَفَتِ الشاعر، لتكون علة الشعور المرير الذي يعاني منه.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: (المرأة، لطفي أمان، تمثلات، موضوعاتيّة، شعر).

This study examines the woman’s matter according to Lotfi Jaafar Aman in concerning to many factors, as his study averages from the Taimat’s levelm and at the level of the poetic construction of the text, in a manner in which he invests the female formation with his many relations to his self-creative experiment, to reconstruct it according to multiple visions from being an ideal world to being a realistic and ontological world, and this means that the study will try to deal with the woman as a very important subject culturally, and prominent factor for many systemic semantics that Lotfi Jaafar Aman’s poem considered in many manners. The relation between the poem and the poet and the woman through three semantic axes: First: It is a perfect simulation of beauty, which the poet describes as either a statement or an exposition, Second: Being a vital dimension, it is a symbol of all that is glorious and sacred, and the Third Axe: It empties the woman from that beautiful and pure existence, as it is a symbol of betrayal and lack of loyalty, that's when the poet was so cruel, to be the cause of the bitter feeling he suffers from.

Keywords: (The woman, Lotfi Aman, Representations, his objectiveness, Poetry).
حديث القرآن عن الرؤية والرسالة من منظور التنمية البشرية
Authors: الحساني معتوقة بنت محمد
Published: March 2024

تناولت هذه الدراسة حديث القرآن عن الرؤية والرسالة من منظور التنمية البشرية، من خلال سورة الفتح، وقد هدفت إلى مطالعة ما كتبه المفسرون، من خلال ربطه بالدراسات الحديثة، وبيان احتواء القرآن الكريم على كل مجال، معتمدة في ذلك على المنهج الإستقرائي التحليلي.
وتطرقت الدراسة إلى جملة من المسائل منها: العلاقة بين العلوم الاجتماعية والقرآن في سوره وآياته. ومدى التلاؤم والتلازم بين العلوم الاجتماعية وبين سور القرآن الكريم وآياته، ودلالة ذلك التلاؤم. واشتملت الدراسة على مقدمة، وتمهيد، وثلاثة مباحث، تناولت فيها التعريف بسورة الفتح وبيَّنتْ فضلها وسبب نزولها وأهدافها ومحاورها، كما بيَّنتْ المراد بالرؤية وملامحها، ثم بينت المراد بالرسالة وملامحها من خلال سورة الفتح، والفرق بينها وبين الرؤية.
وقد أسهمت في بيان توجيه القرآن إلى كل ما من شأنه تنمية القدرة البشرية على النظر للمستقبل والتخطيط والعمل له بالأدوات المتاحة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الرؤية، الرسالة، التنمية البشرية، القرآن الكريم، العلوم الاجتماعية

Thesis title: Qur’an’s Speech about Vision and Mission from the Perspective of Human Development (Surah Al-Fath as an Example).
This study dealt with the Qur’an’s speech about the vision and the mission from the perspective of human development, through Surah Al-Fath. It aimed at the perusal of what the commentators wrote, by linking it with modern studies, and showing that the Holy Qur’an is inclusive of all fields. In order to do this, the inductive, analytical method has been used.
The study attempts the following:
-The relationship between social sciences and Qur’an in its surahs and verses
-The extent of compatibility and correlation between the social sciences and the surahs and verses of the Holy Qur’an and the significance of that compatibility.
The study included an introduction, a preface, and three sections, in which I dealt with the definition of Surah Al-Fath and clarified its merits, the reason for its revelation, its objectives, and its frameworks, as well as the meaning of the vision and its features, then clarified the meaning of the message and its features through Surah Al-Fath and the difference between it and the vision.
The study also attempted to highlight the Quranic guidance towards everything that would develop the human capacity to look into the future, plan, and work for it with the available resources.
Keywords: vision, mission, human development, Holy Quran, social sciences
Reuniones Iberoamericanas de Dolor: razón de ser. XIII Reunión Iberoamericana de Dolor
Authors: Rodríguez López Manuel J.
Published: March 2024

El día 28 de mayo de este año 2015 se celebró en Sevilla, España, la XIII Reunión Iberoamericana de Dolor, con asistencia de las Juntas Directivas de la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), de la Asociación Portuguesa para el Estudio del Dolor (APED) y de la Federación Latinoamericana de Asociaciones para el Estudio del Dolor (FEDELAT), así como representaciones de los distintos capítulos nacionales representados en FEDELAT.
Três mitos, três incômodas verdades sobre o agronegócio brasileiro
Authors: Sacco dos Anjos Flávio , Froehlich José Marcos , Velleda Caldas Nádia
Published: March 2024

“Fome se resolve com uma agricultura forte” é um dos slogans adotados pela principal representação da agricultura patronal no Rio Grande do Sul. Em larga medida essa máxima é empregada, desde 2016, em campanha publicitária liderada pela principal rede de televisão do Brasil. Paradoxalmente, segundo dados da FAO ONU, 61 milhões de brasileiros enfrentaram dificuldades para se alimentar entre 2019 e 2021, sendo que 15 milhões passaram fome. O presente estudo centra sua mirada em desvelar as contradições subjacentes ao encomiástico discurso das virtudes do agronegócio brasileiro. Fome e superprodução de commodities conformam as duas faces de uma mesma moeda. Três mitos e três incômodas verdades pairam sobre o agro brasileiro, cuja dinâmica atual se mostra incompatível com os imperativos do desenvolvimento sustentável. O primeiro mito é de que o agro é a riqueza do Brasil; o segundo mito é o de que tal segmento se destaca na geração de empregos e ocupação da força de trabalho, enquanto o terceiro é de que este país seria o celeiro do mundo.
Liberdades e responsabilidades em Nietzsche
Authors: Paschoal Antonio Edmilson
Published: March 2024

O propósito deste artigo é indicar algumas contribuições da filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche para debate sobre sobre “conceitos e concepções de liberdade” nos campos do direito e da política. O conteúdo a ser apresentado terá como ponto de partida a crítica do filósofo à moral e irá explorar, a partir dessa crítica, os modos como ele amplia o conceito de liberdade e ressignifica o conceito de responsabilidade. O material básico a ser utilizado para esta investigação será, em especial, a segunda seção da segunda dissertação da Genealogia da moral e o aforismo 188 de Além de Bem e Mal.
Prevention and infection control of HIV infection and AIDS
Authors: Chin BumSik
Published: March 2024

Background: Although the global incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has decreased significantly since modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), new HIV infections steadily occur, in the Republic of Korea. Based on the understanding of the risk factors for HIV infection, combined strategic behavioral and biomedical interventions should be implemented to reduce HIV infection. This paper reviews the strategies for the prevention of HIV infection.Current Concepts: While the consistent use of latex condoms is effective for the prevention of HIV transmission, consistent use of condoms is low among sexually active individuals. ART can be initiated, after exposure, to prevent HIV infection (post-exposure prophylaxis) after occupational or sexual exposure, injection drug use, and other nonoccupational exposures to HIV. There is a negligible risk of sexual transmission of HIV when the HIV-infected sexual partner has durably suppressed viral replication with ART. Antiretroviral agents have been shown to be highly effective when administered prophylactically to HIV-uninfected but at-risk individuals (preexposure prophylaxis). A high-risk group, such as men who have sex with men, is required to be included in health insurance care benefits for pre-exposure prophylaxis, in addition to the current partners of HIV-infected individuals, to ensure its efficacy.Discussion and Conclusion: HIV-related deaths are rapidly decreasing, but new HIV infections continue to occur. In an environment where a cure or the development of vaccines is unlikely, a multifaceted and proactive approach is required to minimize new HIV infections.
MONITORING OF LUBRICANT OIL OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS AS PART OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
Authors: Magalhães Viegas Junior Daniel
Published: March 2024

Hydraulic systems are widely used in different industries, such as civil construction, aerospace, automotive, oil, among others. The hydraulic fluid or lubricating oil of these systems is an important source of information regarding the state of the machines. In this way, the analysis of lubricating oil proves to be an important and effective tool to monitor the condition of components of hydraulic systems. Since the emergence of predictive maintenance, researchers have been dedicated to developing methods of online monitoring of hydraulic fluids in order to prevent failures, increase safety and reduce maintenance costs. Therefore, the present work sought to carry out a discussion on the importance of monitoring the hydraulic fluid, bringing the main methods of analysis and the most recent advances.
Intervenciones de enfermería a persona post operada de meningioma sustentadas en el modelo del autocuidado
Authors: Sánchez-Várguez Zahid Andrés , Balcázar-Martínez María Verónica
Published: March 2024

Introducción: Estudio de caso que aborda las secuelas neurológicas desarrolladas en una persona post operada de una resección de meningioma recidivante, para quien se implementaron planes de autocuidado con enfoque en la atención neurológica.
 
Objetivo: Elaborar un estudio de caso del paciente post operado con secuelas neurológicas mediante la implementación de planes de atención de enfermería basados en el modelo de Dorotea Orem, con el propósito de mejorar su calidad de vida.
 
Metodología: Se utilizaron fuentes legales nacionales e internacionales, siguiendo los principios de ética en investigación de salud, la ley general de salud, normas oficiales y la implementación del consentimiento informado. Se realizó la selección del participante con criterios de conveniencia para el autor, y los datos se obtuvieron mediante fuentes directas (entrevista, valoraciones) y fuentes indirectas (historia clínica).
 
Presentación del estudio de caso: Un hombre de 35 años con signos de probable recidiva de meningioma (parestesia en la lengua, disartria, cefalea e hipoacusia). Plan de alta: Se realizó un plan de alta mediante la nemotecnia CUIDARME, y se ofreció continuo seguimiento mediante medios digitales.
 
Conclusiones: Se lograron alcanzar los objetivos establecidos mediante la implementación de planes de cuidado en enfermería y el plan de alta, se continúa trabajando con la persona y la familia en el hogar hasta la actualidad.
Performance of West African Dwarf Growing Bucks Fed Varying Levels of Gliricidia Sepium Leaf Meal Supplement in Pelleted Diets
Authors: Olawoye Samuel Oyewale , Okeniyi Funmilayo Abinbola , Oyawoye Enoch Olayiwola , Animashahun Razaq Adekunle , Adeniran Moji Bolanle , Joseph Abiodun , Adekanye Timothy Adesoye , Folowosele Deborah Oyinloluwa , Adeleye Emmanuel Abiodun
Published: March 2024

Insufficient resources and subpar pasture quality during the dry season necessitate a proven supplement to enhance the nutritional status of goats. In this study, Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (G-supplement) derived from a leguminous deciduous protein tree was proportionally incorporated into pelleted cassava peel-based diets (concentrate). The study aimed to assess the impact of this supplement addition to the concentrate on the growth performance of West African dwarf (WAD) goat bucks. Twenty bucks were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design, with varying levels of G-supplement in pelleted concentrate (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Each group comprised five animals. The inclusion of the supplement significantly influenced (p<0.05) diet consumption and utilization. Bucks fed with 10% G-supplement exhibited the highest feed intake (24,248g), weight gain (2650g), and a feed conversion efficiency of 9.15%. Parameters such as total feed intake, daily feed intake, final body weight, total weight gain, and average daily weight gain were significantly affected (p<0.05) by the diet. The animals on the 10% G-inclusion diet demonstrated higher (p>0.05) nutrient digestibility compared to other treatments. In conclusion, this study suggests that incorporating 10% G-supplement in pelleted concentrate enhances the performance of WAD goats in terms of feed intake, live body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibility. The efficacy of the G-supplement at the 10% inclusion level notably contributed to improved performance
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE BIOFILTER ANAEROB – AEROB
Authors: Mualim Mualim , Jubaidi Jubaidi , Krisdiyanta Krisdiyanta
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The content of domestic liquid waste that exceeds quality standards have a negative impact on the environment. Liquid waste treatment is useful for separating or removing dissolved materials or solids in water in order to compromise the next step process of handling liquid waste. The aim of this research was to determine the decrease in domestic liquid waste treatment with the anaerobic-aerobic biofilter method. The type of this research was a quasi-experiment with a Post-Test With control design. Data analysis was carried out by Paired T-Test.The results of the study obtained were BOD, COD and TSS levels before processing the anaerobic-aerobic biofilter method of 33 mg / L, 118 mg / L, and 41 mg / L, exceeding the quality standards of domestic liquid waste, Average levels of BOD, COD and TSS after processing the anaerobic-aerobic biofilter method of 22.6 mg / L; 87.6 mg/L; 19.3 mg/L; and there were differences in domestic liquid waste treatment with anaerobic-aerobic biofilter method for BOD and TSS parameters with p-value = 0.035; 0,002.Treatment of domestic liquid waste using anaerobic-aerobic biofilter method was effective in reducing BOD and TSS levels. Commitment and guidance are needed to the community to carry out domestic liquid waste treatment as an effort to prevent adverse impacts on the environment.
Keywords: Domestic Liquid Waste, Anaerobic-Aerobic Biofilter 

 

Abstrak: Kandungan limbah cair domestik yang melebihi baku mutu dapat berdampak buruk pada lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah cair berguna untuk memisahkan atau menghilangkan bahan terlarut atau padatan di air yang dapat membahayakan langkah selanjutnya dalam proses penanganan limbah cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan pengolahan limbah cair domestik dengan metode biofilter anaerob-aerob. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen semu (Quasi-experimen) dengan desain Post-Test With control Design. Analisis data dilakukan secara Paired T-Test.

Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan yaitu kadar BOD, COD dan TSS sebelum pengolahan metode biofilter anaerob-aerob sebesar 33 mg/L, 118 mg/L, dan 41 mg/L, melebihi baku mutu limbah cair domestik, Rerata kadar BOD, COD dan TSS setelah pengolahan metode biofilter anaerob-aerob sebesar 22,6 mg/L; 87,6 mg/L; 19,3 mg/L; dan ada perbedaan pengolahan limbah cair domestik dengan metode biofilter anaerob-aerob untuk parameter BOD dan TSS dengan nilai p-value= 0,035; 0,002.

Pengolahan limbah cair domestik dengan menggunakan metode biofilter anaerob–aerob efektif untuk menurunkan kadar BOD dan TSS. Diperlukan komitmen dan pembinaan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan pengolahan limbah cair domestik sebagai upaya mencegah dampak buruk pada lingkungan.

Kata Kunci: Limbah Cair Domestik, Biofilter Anaerob – Aerob
Les protocoles réseau du Cloud Networking
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre introduit les protocoles du Cloud Networking en partant des niveaux bas de l’architecture avec entre autres RoF (Radio over Fiber), puis les protocoles de niveau trame et paquet avec VxLAN, NVGRE, MEF, TRILL et LISP.
Sortir sans s’en sortir ? Mobilité et pauvreté à Dakar
Authors: DIAZ OLVERA Lourdes , PLAT Didier , POCHET Pascal
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre s'intéresse aux liens entre pauvreté et déplacements quotidiens. A partir des résultats d'une enquête ménage mobilité menée à Dakar, il montre que des déplacements quotidiens pénibles freinent les initiatives visant à sortir des situations de pauvreté. C’est en améliorant les conditions de marche à pied et l’accès aux transports collectifs que les politiques de mobilité peuvent prendre en compte les besoins des citadins pauvres.
De Calcutta à Delhi et Hyderabad : généalogie des métros indiens
Authors: BON Bérénice
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre retrace la construction des métros dans les villes indiennes. Il aborde les composantes institutionnelles, techniques mais aussi humaines de ces grandes infrastructures. Il montre le difficile ajustement des compétences entre le gouvernement central, appuyé par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux, et les autorités urbaines locales qui peinent à s’imposer, l’intégration contrastée des acteurs privés et le rôle politique tenu par certains ingénieurs.
Domestication et sélection de la tomate, un apport majeur des espèces sauvages
Authors: CAUSSE Mathilde
Published: March 2024

La domestication de la tomate a débuté inconsciemment dans les vallées andines avant la migration d’un premier type, la tomate cerise jusqu’au Mexique. Elle était déjà largement utilisée par les Aztèques avant le passage de quelques cultivars en Europe où forme et couleur des fruits se sont diversifiées. Depuis un siècle elle a fait l’objet de l’amélioration de nombreux caractères.
La domestication des levures
Authors: LEGRAS Jean-Luc , NIDELET Thibault , GALEOTE Virginie , SICARD Delphine
Published: March 2024

La fabrication de bière à partir de blé et d’orge sauvages précède l’avènement de l’agriculture. Depuis une grande diversité d’aliments et de boissons fermentés ont été élaborés dans le monde. Ils impliquent de nombreuses espèces de levures dont la diversité génétique résulte en particulier d’hybridations interspécifiques, de transfert direct d’ADN et de réarrangements chromosomiques accumulés au cours de l’histoire.
Individual coal mine methane emissions constrained by eddy covariance measurements: low bias and missing sources
Authors: Qin Kai , Hu Wei , He Qin , Lu Fan , Cohen Jason Blake
Published: March 2024

Abstract. China's Shanxi Province accounts for 12 % of global coal output and therefore is responsible for a very large fraction of the total global methane (CH4) emissions, as well as being a large source of uncertainty due to the lack of in situ and field measurements. This work introduces the first comprehensive attempt to compute the coal mine methane (CMM) emissions throughout Shanxi, using a mixture of bottom-up and top-down approaches. First, public and private data from 636 individual coal mines in Shanxi Province were analyzed following the IPCC Tier 2 approach, using three to five sets of observed emission factors and rank information based on methods issued by the National Coal Mine Safety Administration and the National Energy Administration, to compile a range of bottom-up CMM on a mine-by-mine basis. An eddy covariance tower is set up near the output flue of a well-characterized high-rank coal mine in Changzhi and used to produce an average observed CH4 flux over two 2-month-long periods (Winter 2021 and Autumn 2022). The observed half-hourly CH4 flux variability is found to be roughly stable over the entire observed time and is subsequently used to produce a set of scaling factors (ratio correction) to update the preliminary bottom-up coal mine methane emissions to account for both bias and high-frequency temporal variability. The resulting emissions dataset has been compared against commonly used global CMM datasets including EDGAR and GFEI v2, and there are three unique scientific conclusions. First, their total CH4 emissions over Shanxi lie between this work's 50th percentile and 70th percentile range, meaning they are slightly high. Second, both datasets have a very large amount of emissions which occur where there are no coal mines and no CH4-emitting industry, indicating that there are significant spatial disparities, with the overlapped portion of CMM emissions where mines exist consistently close to the 30th percentile of this work's emissions, meaning they underestimate CMM in general on a mine-by-mine basis. Third, some of the mines have average emissions values which are more than the 90th percentile of the computed mine-by-mine emissions, while many are far below the 10th percentile, showing that there is a significant issue with the sampling not capturing the observed temporal variability. It is hoped that this mine-by-mine and high-frequency approximation of CMM emissions can both improve top-down observation campaigns and provide quantitative support and identification of mitigation opportunities.
Spatial disparities of ozone pollution in the Sichuan Basin spurred by extreme, hot weather
Authors: Wang Nan , Du Yunsong , Chen Dongyang , Meng Haiyan , Chen Xi , Zhou Li , Shi Guangming , Zhan Yu , Feng Miao , Li Wei , Chen Mulan , Li Zhenliang , Yang Fumo
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Under the influence of climate change, the increasing occurrence of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, has led to an enhanced frequency of ozone (O3) pollution issues. In August 2022, the Sichuan Basin (SCB), a typical large-scale geographical terrain located in southwestern China, experienced the most severe heatwave in the last 20 years. The heatwave led to substantial disparities in O3 levels across the region. Here, by integrating observations, machine learning, and numerical simulations, we aim to understand the diverse O3 formation mechanisms in two megacities, Chengdu (western location) and Chongqing (eastern location). Observational data showed that Chengdu experienced a consecutive 17 d period of O3 exceedance, in contrast to Chongqing, where O3 concentrations remained below the standard. Meteorological and precursor factors were assessed, highlighting high temperatures, intense solar radiation, and overnight accumulative pollutants as key contributors to O3 concentrations. The interplay of isoprene, temperature, and O3, alongside the observation-based box model and MEGAN simulations, underscored the significant role of intensified biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in O3 formation. Interestingly, Chongqing exhibited nearly double the BVOC emissions of Chengdu, yet contributed less to O3 concentrations. This discrepancy was addressed through CMAQ-DDM (Decoupled Direct Method) simulations and satellite diagnosis by investigating the O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity. Notably, Chengdu displayed a VOC-driven sensitivity, while Chongqing showed a transitional regime. Moreover, the regional transport also played a pivotal role in the spatial divergence of O3 pollution. Cross-regional transport predominantly influenced Chongqing (contributing ∼ 80 %), whereas Chengdu was mainly affected by the emissions within the basin. The local accumulated pollutants gave rise to the atmospheric oxidizing capacity, resulting in a substantial photochemical contribution to O3 levels (49.9 ppbv h−1) in Chengdu. This comparison of the difference provides insights into the complex interplay of meteorology, natural emissions, and anthropogenic sources during heatwaves, guiding the necessity of targeted pollution control measures on regional scales.
From seawater Li isotope records to carbon cycle in deep time-revisiting the hydrothermal control on oceanic Li isotope mass balance
Authors: Cao Cheng , Cai Yuanfeng , Chen Tianyu , Chen Jun
Published: March 2024

The deep-time seawater Li isotope records have essential implications for carbon cycle and climate change because the oceanic Li isotope mass balance is controlled by the chemical weathering input which consumes atmospheric CO2 and reverse weathering sink that generates CO2. However, hydrothermal-seafloor interaction also contributes major oceanic Li budgets yet the controls on long-term evolution of seawater Li isotope composition are not well constrained. Venting fluids sampled from the mid-ocean-ridge (MOR), arc and back-arc hydrothermal sites show large variations in both Li concentrations (20 to 6000 mmol/kg) and δ7Li values (1.3‰ to 15.4‰). The mechanisms controlling the Li mobility between seafloor and vent fluids as well as the isotope fractionation are not well understood.  Additionally, the arc and back-arc hydrothermal systems need to be reassessed for their contribution to the oceanic Li budgets and Li isotope composition because their venting fluids show overall higher Li concentrations and lower δ7Li values than those from the MOR. Here we systematically investigate the Li isotope behaviors in two drilling cores of the submarine volcano Brothers (IODP 376) where two distinct types of hydrothermal systems are developed. U1528 is located at the volcano summit whose hydrothermal fluid is influenced by magmatic degassing, and U1530 at the NW caldera wall develops a seawater-dominated hydrothermal system that resembles the one at MORs. Relative to the unaltered precursor, the extreme Li loss of 95% to 99% in samples from U1528 are attributed to intensive mineral dissolution under low pH. Compared to U1528, samples from U1530 show lower extents of Li depletion between 50% and 95% and are explained by chlorite precipitation and possible seawater Li addition. The decreasing Li concentration in altered rocks is accompanied by elevating δ7Li values, implying preferential removal of light Li isotope from rock to the hydrothermal fluid. The kinetic (Raleigh) and equilibrium isotope fittings suggest the Li isotope fractionation between oceanic crust and hydrothermal input endmember is smaller than 3‰. For the inclusion of Li isotopes into biogeochemical and climate models, we propose a refined mass balance for the oceanic Li isotopes. We argue that previously proposed hydrothermal Li influx of 13 x 109 mol/yr and δ7Li values of either 8.3‰ or 6.5‰ are overestimated.  The higher δ7Li values reported in venting fluids likely reflect seawater mixing signal.   
Economic Assessment of Transforming Rainfed to Irrigated Agriculture in a Drought-Prone Region of Central India 
Authors: Tyagi Shoobhangi , Sahany Sandeep , Dubey Amlendu , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Saraswat Dharmendra , Niyogi Dev
Published: March 2024

Climate change-induced water stress greatly challenges rice productivity, particularly in rainfed regions with limited irrigation infrastructure. These regions, identified as economically water-scarce, could benefit from increased irrigation if appropriate economic resources are made available. However, a current knowledge gap exists regarding how climate-induced economic impacts vary with the transformation from rainfed to irrigated agriculture in economically water-scarce regions. This study investigates the economic implications of climate change under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the near future (2030s). The assessment was done for two shared socio-economic pathways— SSP2-4.5 (moderate) and SSP5-8.5 (extreme) scenarios using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The simulated rice yields were used for estimating economic impacts through an econometric approach. The results suggest that under rainfed conditions, rice yields are projected to change by ~ -15% to -2% and ~ -15% to +2% for SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. However, the transformation of rainfed to irrigated agriculture leads to a positive shift in rice yield by ~ -1% to 7.3% for the SSP2-4.5 scenario and ~ -4% to 7.25% for the SSP5-8.5 scenario. This transformation can help reduce the region’s economic burden by ~$48.8M for SSP2-4.5 scenario and by ~$20.8M for SSP5-8.5 scenario. The implications of short-term drought events on the region’s economic response to climate change will also be discussed. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the management of highly vulnerable agricultural systems, offering guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance resilience in the face of climate change.
Analysis of the vertical dispersion of pollution layers in the urban Arctic during the ALPACA 2022 field campaign
Authors: Pohorsky Roman , Baccarini Andrea , Barret Brice , Brett Natalie , Bekki Slimane , Dieudonné Elsa , Pappaccogli Gianluca , Scoto Federico , Donateo Antonio , Busetto Maurizio , Decesari Stefano , Arnold Steve , Fochesatto Javier , Simpson William , Law Kathy , Schmale Julia
Published: March 2024

The Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) field campaign was conducted during the winter months of January and February 2022 to examine urban pollution sources and transformations in Fairbanks, Alaska. Several data collection sites were set up throughout the city to investigate the less-explored dynamic, physical, and chemical mechanisms governing air pollution events during the cold and dark winter.The vertical dispersion of pollutants was investigated from an observation site in the suburban area just outside downtown Fairbanks. It featured ground-based measurements, a ten-meter mast for eddy covariance measurements, and a tethered balloon for vertical profiling of the atmosphere. Sampling included measurements of aerosol microphysical characteristics and trace gases (CO, CO2, O3, NOx).  Meteorological parameters were also continuously measured at 2m and 10m from the mast, and also during the balloon flights. The tethered balloon was deployed to assess the vertical mixing of pollutants under stable atmospheric conditions from sources located at the surface but also at higher elevations, such as emissions from high power plant stacks.A total of 148 individual profiles (up to a maximum altitude of 350 m above ground level) from 24 flights were collected between January 26 and February 25, 2022. The atmospheric conditions featured surface-based temperature inversions (SBI) in 86% of the cases due to the upwelling longwave radiation dominating the surface energy budget. Interestingly, eight flights captured elevated pollution plumes from power plants located downtown.   The analysis of profiles reveals that the atmospheric stability and mixing of the surface layer was affected by two mechanisms. On one hand, radiative cooling promoted strong SBI locally, suppressing turbulence. On the other hand, a drainage flow at the surface from a nearby valley increased the shear stress at the surface, promoting mechanical turbulence near the surface. The measurements show how these two competing mechanisms affect the mixing of the surface layer.The second part of the study focuses on the vertical dispersion of elevated plumes. The vertical mixing of pollutant plumes and their potential to contribute to surface pollution are investigated using the chemical and physical signature of the plumes and their vertical extents.Together, the results of this study contribute to improving our understanding of pollution mixing under the very stable conditions typical of the Arctic winter and can help to design pollution mitigation strategies by identifying the conditions and mechanisms leading to high pollution events.  
Modeling the number of hospital admissions for malaria in South Africa by using climate variables as disease drivers
Authors: Blesic Suzana , Tosic Milica , Aleksandrov Neda , Kapwata Thandi , Wright Caradee
Published: March 2024

Recently we proposed a regression model for the number of hospital admissions for malaria in the Limpopo province of South Africa. We developed our model using the available weekly epidemiological reports from five districts in this province, in the period 2000-2020. We analyzed number of hospitalizations for malaria time series in relation to time series of temperature, rainfall and evaporation from bare soil ground or satellite data from the same geographical area and developed an algorithm that links combined changes in these three variables with the changes in number of malaria hospitalizations. We used wavelet spectral analysis to determine time lags in their cross-correlations.  We used this model to provide projections for the Limpopo malaria cases for the next five years (2025-2029). Since there are no future projections available for evapotranspiration, we used three different methods to estimate future values of this variable in our model: 1) a combination of temperature and rainfall data, 2) use of total soil moisture content records and their projections, and 3) use of Hargreaves empirical formula. We will present and compare our results for all three cases.Our calculations can be used for public health preparedness.  
The characterization of the dynamics of a continuous gravity current
Authors: Harrouk Mohamad , Mehaddi Rabah , Arcen Boris , Dossmann Yvan
Published: March 2024

The present work investigates the dynamical characteristics of a gravity current produced by a continuous and steady release of a dense fluid, with a source density ρ0, into a lighter ambient fluid, with density ρa < ρ0. A planar geometry is considered in which the ambient fluid is initially at rest inside a rectangular tank and the dense current is continuously released from a source located at the bottom-left corner of the tank.  The released current propagates along the horizontal bottom boundary of the domain displacing the ambient fluid. This configuration has been considered experimentally by Sher & Woods (2017). A numerical study has been carried out using the Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of the governing equations via the NEK5000 solver. Instantaneous three-dimensional velocity, pressure and density fields were extracted and two-dimensionalized by width-averaging. The state of the release is characterized by the source Froude number Fr0 = u0 / √(g'0 h0 ) with u0 being the velocity of the release, h0 being the height at the inlet, and g'0 = g (ρ0 - ρa)/ρa being the source buoyancy. Throughout the series of simulations, we control the state of the current at the source by only varying the source density ρ0, resulting in a range of source Froude number between 0.6 < Fr0 < 2.7, and we seek to record the effects of this variation on the dynamics. The source discharge Q0 = u0 h0 and buoyancy flux B0 = Q0 g'0 are kept constant over time. The front speed, uf, was shown to remain steady; a well-known feature of continuous gravity currents. A dimensionless parameter, λ = uf/B01/3, that characterizes the front speed was computed as a function of Fr0 and the result shows a good agreement with the range recorded by Sher & Woods (2017). The entrainment of ambient fluid into the current is parametrized with two methods. First, we estimate the rate of change of the volume of the current, dV/dt, and we recorded the range 1.8Q0 < dV/dt < 2.1Q0 for the selected Fr0  range. Secondly, the theory of inclined plumes introduced by Ellison & Turner (1959) was considered to estimate a local entrainment parameter, E, as a function of the local stratification represented by the local Richardson number Ri. The well-known relation, E proportional to Ri-1, was held when Ri < 0.8; otherwise, the entrainment parameter tends to near-zero values.
Constraining 6C-observed seismic anisotropy from seasonal ambient seismic noise
Authors: Tang Le , Igel Heiner , Montagner Jean-Paul
Published: March 2024

Our recent theory shows that the 6C ground motion (three-component translation and three-component rotation) of ambient seismic noise is capable of measuring the local seismic anisotropy using azimuth-dependent 6C-based cross-correlation functions. However, seasonal variations in ambient seismic noise result in large uncertainties in local velocity measurements due to inaccurate corrections in the azimuth of wave propagation. Here, we show that the time-dependent small azimuth variation of ambient seismic noise can be visualized using horizontal rotation-based cross-correlation functions, which can be applied to constrain the local seismic anisotropy of Rayleigh waves. We apply this approach to a small seismic array (deployed to retrieve the rotational motions of seismic ambient noise) of Pinon Flat Observatory in Southern California. The estimated anisotropy is compatible with results calculated based on azimuth-dependent 6C cross-correlation functions from multiple pairs of stations, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method.
Contactless and microwave tomography based radar imaging for surveying reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Catapano Ilaria , Ludeno Giovanni , Gennarelli Gianluca , Esposito Giuseppe , Brancaccio Adriana
Published: March 2024

Since the beginning of the 19th century, reinforced concrete has been used to build infrastructures and urban buildings and nowadays is the main material employed in the construction industry. Although reinforced concrete structures are designed in such a way to maximize their life cycle, discrepancies between design and executive phases as well as the joint action of mechanical and environmental effects may cause damages or serious and even fatal accidents. Accordingly, there is a constant attention towards the development of non-destructive technologies (NDTs) capable of improving knowledge about the structure health state while reducing times and costs of the inspections. Among NDTs, ground penetrating radar (GPR) [1] is widely used to perform on-demand high-resolution subsurface surveys and continuous efforts are made to improve the effectiveness of GPR investigations. In this frame, a current open challenge is the design of systems capable of coupling the potentialities offered by GPR systems and autonomous vehicles.As a contribute to such an issue, this communication aims at presenting the preliminary results achieved in the frame of the Italian PRIN 2022 Project ARACNE - A RAdar system for Contactless surveys of reiNforced concrEte, whose goal is the design of a compact and lightweight GPR system able to perform contactless analysis and provide as output an image that is easily interpretable by non-expert users. The project started at October 2023 and the initial months have been focused on the definition of the system requirements and on the data processing. Specifically, a study aimed at evaluating the influence of the parameters like frequency bandwidth, polarization and radiation pattern of the antennas has been performed. Moreover, microwave tomography (MWT) [2], [3] has been exploited as an effective and flexible tool to achieve high-resolution focused images from contactless, as well as contact, GPR data. In this regard, an analysis devoted to investigating how the distance between the GPR antennas and the structure under test affects the achievable performance has been carried out. Further details on the ARACNE project and its initial results will be provided at the conference.[1]. Daniels, Ground penetrating radar. Vol. 1. Iet, 2004.[2] Catapano et al., “Ground‐Penetrating Radar: Operation Principle and Data Processing,” Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering: 1-23.[3] Catapano, G. Gennarelli, G. Ludeno, C. Noviello, G. Esposito, and F. Soldovieri, “Contactless ground penetrating radar imaging: state of the art, challenges, and microwave tomography-based data processing,” IEEE Geosci. Rem. Sens. Mag., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 251-273, 2021.Acknowledgment: This work has been supported by ARACNE - A RAdar system for Contactless surveys of reinforced concrEte (grant n. 202225CSP2)