bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Design Thinking to Improve Organizational Agility in an SME
Authors: Fischer Simon , Lattemann Christoph , Redlich Beke , Guerrero Ricardo
Published: July 2020

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Anwendung von Design Thinking (DT) in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU), die deren organisatorische Agilität (OA) verbessert. Unsere Studie zeigt auf, dass sich in traditionell organisierten KMUs durch den Einsatz dieses kreativen Innovationsansatzes agile Subkulturen bilden können, die sich im Unternehmen über die Zeit ausbreiten und so die drei Kernelemente von OA positiv beeinflussen. Dies umfasst die OA-Elemente (1) Kommunikation und Streben nach organisationsbezogenen Zielen, (2) die Organisationskultur und (3) die betrieblichen Aktivitäten.

In diesem Beitrag werden die funktionalen Beziehungen und Abhängigkeiten zwischen DT und OA anhand einer Langzeitstudie in einem KMU aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse unserer zweijährigen Fallstudie spiegeln sich in einem explorativen Forschungsrahmen wider, der als Basis für die weitere Erforschung von Beziehungen und Abhängigkeiten zwischen DT und OA dienen kann.
Sharing of Cyber Threat Intelligence between States
Authors: Kuehn Philipp , Riebe Thea , Apelt Lynn , Jansen Max , Reuter Christian
Published: July 2020

Novel environmental invasive biotechnologies, such as gene drives and Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents exceed the classical applications of genetically modified organisms. The reason for this is that they are designed to transform wild organisms into genetically modified organisms which express desired traits. Instead of in a laboratory, this transformation takes place in the environment. The far-ranging effects that may be triggered by gene drive and Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents require an extension of risk assessment to include socio-political consequences. The present article offers a first brief examination whether regulation is prepared for possible conflicts caused by benevolent or by hostile use of these novel technologies.
Verhältnismäßigkeit im Humanitären Völkerrecht: Gewissensentscheidungen aus dem Blickwinkel des militärisch operativen Planungsprozesses
Authors: Scheidt Sophie
Published: July 2020

According to international humanitarian law, military decision makers must balance military necessity and humanitarian considerations when using military force against an adversary on a case-by-case basis. Determining whether or not, from a normative point of view, there is proportionality between the values weighed against each other, this article examines how these criteria are applied in the military planning and decision-making process. It discusses how the subjective element of the principle of proportionality is influenced by current technological developments in the field of artificial intelligence and what implications this might have for the legal and ethical responsibilities of military decision makers.
A Developing Arms Race in Outer Space? De-Constructing the Dynamics in the Field of Anti-Satellite Weapons
Authors: Sönnichsen Arne , Lambach Daniel
Published: July 2020

Fears about the militarization of space are widespread. For example, the recent development of Anti-Satellite (ASAT) capabilities by rising powers like China and India is often described as a technologically driven arms race. This article takes a social constructivist approach to deconstruct the dynamics of this supposed arms race. Using a case study of Mission Shakti, the 2019 Indian ASAT test, the conclusion is that the ASAT arms race is more complex than it seems at first glance. Most importantly, states seem less motivated by security gains but frequently make status-seeking arguments. This offers possibilities for de-securitizing outer space again.
A Felt Truth: Value Congruence in Family Firms
Authors: Pötschke Ivonne
Published: July 2020

Family firms are known for having a strong culture and shared values, which arise from the ways in which family traditions and dynamics influence the business. Value congruence is known for having positive effects on employees’ affective commitment, which is strongly connected to organisational performance. Thus, one can assume that a strong family influence on a business entails strong congruency between employees’ and firms’ values. To explore this topic in more depth, the present paper employs theoretical strands from family business research and person-organisation-fit theory. To examine the relationship between family influence, value congruence and their effect on affective commitment, this study conducted an online survey among 15 family firms that were categorized according to their family influence. The paper compared firms with weak and strong family influence in terms of employees’ value congruence and their affective commitment, as well as considered potential influencing factors such as leadership, management stewardship, and tenure. Different methods were used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that family firms with a strong family influence have higher levels of perceived value congruence and affective commitment among employees.
„Ein Europa, das schützt“. Zum Verhältnis von Versicherheitlichung und Politisierung am Beispiel europäischer Sicherheit
Authors: Schneckener Ulrich
Published: July 2020

Ausgehend von jüngeren Entwicklungen im Bereich europäischer Sicherheit diskutiert der Beitrag das Verhältnis von Versicherheitlichung und Politisierung, um Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der beiden Erklärungsansätze herauszuarbeiten. Zunächst werden beide Perspektiven gegenübergestellt: Versicherheitlichung europäischer Politik vs. Politisierung europäischer Sicherheit. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die securitization-Literatur wichtige Tendenzen europäischer Sicherheit unterschätzt oder nicht erfasst, weil sie Versicherheitlichung primär als eine Form der Entpolitisierung versteht. Das Politisierungskonzept erscheint hier vielversprechender, wurde aber bisher kaum auf das Politikfeld Sicherheit bezogen. Zudem bleibt es relativ abstrakt, um konkrete Politisierungsprozesse untersuchen zu können. Der Beitrag verweist auf Schnittpunkte beider Theorien, die insbesondere für die Weiterentwicklung des Politisierungsansatzes nutzbar gemacht werden können.
Global Governance als Polycentric Governance
Authors: Faude Benjamin
Published: July 2020

In seiner „Theory of Global Governance“ argumentiert Michael Zürn, Staaten seien gegenwärtig in ein globales politisches System eingebettet, das eine Vielzahl internationaler Institutionen umfasst. Dieser Forumsbeitrag unternimmt den Versuch einer Annäherung an die Gestalt des von Zürn identifizierten globalen politischen Systems. Er schlägt vor, global governance als ein polyzentrisch strukturiertes System zu konzeptualisieren, das aus vielen Entscheidungszentren besteht, die formal voneinander unabhängig sind, sich aber faktisch wechselseitig beeinflussen. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht zunächst, worin die zentralen Merkmale der polyzentrischen Struktur des von Zürn identifizierten globalen politischen Systems bestehen. Anschließend skizziert er, wie die polyzentrische Struktur staatliches Verhalten beeinflusst und das Problem politischer Ordnungsbildung jenseits des Nationalstaates akzentuiert. Abschließend wird vor dem Hintergrund gegenwärtiger Herausforderungen für zwischenstaatliche Kooperation angedeutet, worin die institutionellen Stärken einer polyzentrischen Regelungsstruktur liegen.
Autorität in den internationalen Beziehungen
Authors: Liese Andrea
Published: July 2020

Der Beitrag setzt sich würdigend und kritisch mit Michael Zürns Arbeiten zur internationalen Autorität auseinander. Dessen potenziell autoritatives Autoritätskonzept weist mehrere Vorzüge auf: Erstens bietet es eine Erklärung für ein Paradox. Warum sollten souveräne Staaten die Kompetenz Externer anerkennen, ihnen Ratschläge zu geben bzw. Forderungen an sie zu richten, und zudem noch bereit sein, diesen zu folgen? Zweitens konkretisiert es die u.a. bei Hannah Arendt angelegte Idee der fraglosen Anerkennung, indem es Autoritätsadressaten zugesteht, bestimmte Qualitäten der Autorität zu prüfen. Drittens entkoppelt es Legitimität und Autorität, ohne die Legitimationsbedürftigkeit von Autorität zu opfern. Dies anerkennend plädiert der Beitrag aber dafür, die Legitimationsbedürftigkeit internationaler Autorität nicht auf formal institutionalisierte Beziehungen zu reduzieren, sondern diese auch weiterhin auf informellere, d.h. der Praxis entstammende, Anerkennung und Folgebereitschaft innerhalb von Autoritätsbeziehungen zu beziehen. Die überzeugende begründungstheoretische Fundierung von Autorität sollte zudem nicht dazu verführen, Sozialisationsprozesse in Autoritätsbeziehungen zu übersehen, zumal deren Legitimität kritisch hinterfragbar ist.
Broken Men
Authors: Mädler Kathrin
Published: July 2020

Gibt es eine Krise der Männlichkeit und wie zeigt sie sich in aktuellen Hollywood-Filmen? Die Autorin greift in ihrem Buch Überlegungen zu diesem Thema auf und stellt anhand der Analyse der Filme AMERICAN BEAUTY, SCHIFFSMELDUNGEN, MAGNOLIA, MYSTIC RIVER und BOYS DON’T CRY die Konstruktion und Dekonstruktion von Männlichkeit und Gender im Genre des Melodramas dar.
Die Sichtbarkeit des Tons im Film
Authors: Martin Silke
Published: July 2020

In welchem Verhältnis stehen Ton und Bild im Film? Ausgehend von klassischen Konzepten des Tonfilms, die auf einem Zusammenspiel von Bild und Ton beruhen, beschreibt die Arbeit moderne Tontheorien und Tonphänomene, die sich insbesondere in der Trennung von Bild und Ton äußern. Mit der Beschreibung akustischer Modernisierungen des Films sollte nicht nur dem visuellen Primat traditioneller Tontheorien entgegengewirkt, sondern auch eine Anschlussmöglichkeit an moderne Tontheorien eröffnet werden.
Klassiker des deutschsprachigen Dokumentarfilms
Authors: Bräutigam Thomas
Published: July 2020

Die Auswahl ist so getroffen, dass die Fülle der verschiedenen Spielarten dieses heterogenen Genres deutlich wird. Die alphabetisch nach Titeln angeordneten Artikel bestehen aus ausführlichen Inhaltsbeschreibungen mit interpretatorischen Akzenten und historischer Einordnung, Zitaten aus der Kritik, Produktions- und Stabangaben sowie Hinweisen zu DVD-Editionen.
Recent Progress of Electrocatalysts and Photocatalysts Bearing First Row Transition Metal for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)
Authors: Sagar Shipra , K. Kanaparthi Ravi , K. Tiwari Manish , Saha Satyen
Published: July 2020

The design and modification of metal–organic complexes for hydrogen (H2) gas production by water splitting have been intensively investigated over the recent decades. In most reported mechanistic pathways, metal hydride species are considered as crucial intermediates for H2 formation where the metal present at the active site plays an imperative role in the transfer of electron and proton. In the last few decades, much consideration has been done on the development of non-precious metal–organic catalysts that use solar energy to split water into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) as alternative fossil fuels. This review discussed the design, fabrication, and evaluation of the catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen production. Mechanistic approach is addressed here in order to understand the fundamental design principle and structural properties relationship of electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. Finally, we discuss some challenges and opportunities of research in the near future in this promising area.
Taming the Hydra: Funding the Lithium Ion Supply Chain in an Era of Unprecedented Volatility
Authors: Berry Chris
Published: July 2020

The lithium ion supply chain is set to grow in both size and importance over the coming decade due to government-led efforts to decarbonize economies and declining costs of lithium ion batteries used in electronics and transportation. With forecasts of demand for lithium chemicals alone forecast to grow by three times later this decade, at least $10B USD is needed to flow into the upstream supply chain to ensure an efficient and timely build-out. Significant additional capital is needed for other portions of the supply chain such as other raw materials, cathode or anode production, and battery cell manufacturing. Recent exogenous shocks such as the US-China trade war and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have made securing adequate capital for the supply chain a difficult challenge. Without the steady stream of funding for new mine and chemical conversion capacity, widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) could be put at risk. This paper discusses the current structure of the lithium ion supply chain with a focus on raw material production and the need for and challenges associated with securing adequate capital in an industry that has, to date, not experienced such a robust growth profile.
Drug Repurposing in Neurological Diseases: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Mao Xiao-Yuan
Published: July 2020

Drug repurposing or repositioning refers to “studying of clinically approved drugs in one disease to see if they have therapeutic value and do not trigger side effects in other diseases.” Nowadays, it is a vital drug discovery approach to explore new therapeutic benefits of existing drugs or drug candidates in various human diseases including neurological disorders. This approach overcomes the shortage faced during traditional drug development in grounds of financial support and timeline. It is especially hopeful in some refractory diseases including neurological diseases. The feature that structure complexity of the nervous system and influence of blood–brain barrier permeability often becomes more difficult to develop new drugs in neuropathological conditions than diseases in other organs; therefore, drug repurposing is particularly of utmost importance. In this chapter, we discuss the role of drug repurposing in neurological diseases and make a summarization of repurposing candidates currently in clinical trials for neurological diseases and potential mechanisms as well as preliminary results. Subsequently we also outline drug repurposing approaches and limitations and challenges in the future investigations.
Claims-making and Morality: The Case of Hungarian Solidarity Movements
Authors: Mikecz Dániel
Published: July 2020

The paper investigates the moral element of the claims-making process in the case of solidarity movements. The question is how claims are made and articulated if the claimants do not seek direct benefits but refer to moral principles. The paper answers the research question by identifying the role of morality on three levels of two Hungarian solidarity movements’ praxis: goals, forms and means of mobilization; hence, the issues, the forms and frames of solidarity movements’ claims making. According to the data, organizations helping refugees stand closer to voluntary organizations of political altruism than to the politically motivated solidarity movements. The data also demonstrate that established solidarity movements use a medley of policy reasoning and morally justified action. New, emerging solidarity movements can rely on morality claims when they wish to supplement their lack of expertise or resources.
Análise comparativa entre métodos ergonômicos análiticos de publicações editoriais impressas e digitais
Authors: Schmidt Salvador Marcos Vinícios , Nunes Vianna dos Santos Flávio Anthero
Published: July 2020

Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar os métodos utilizados por pesquisas que analisem ergonomicamente publicações em suporte digital ou impresso. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, foram retirados os estudos para a análise. Após a seleção­, foram analisados que tipo de método cada estudo utilizou e, então, confrontados. Foram encontradas 9 pesquisas de acordo com os critérios. Descobriu-se que os métodos utilizados são bem distintos, porém houve uma prevalência do questionário pós-experimento. Os protocolos utilizados para análise de publicações em suporte digital utilizam heurísticas específicas que não podem ser transmutados para a análise de publicações impressas. Portanto, a melhor maneira de uma análise comparativa entre ambos os suportes é por meio de uma análise de experiência de uso.
Fatores Humanos no design de serviços: Perfil de consumo do público idoso em supermercados
Authors: Demilis Marcelo Pereira , Reis Alexandre Amorim dos , Merino Giselle Schmidt Alves Diaz
Published: July 2020

OBJETIVO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos das entrevistas realizadas com 150 usuários idosos de um supermercado da região da Grande Florianópolis com relação ao uso desse serviço, e fazer um paralelo com características gerais dos idosos brasileiros.MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 150 usuários idosos de um supermercado da região da grande Florianópolis. Os questionamentos relacionados às características da população idosa e seu comportamento em supermercados para delinear o perfil deste usuário.RESULTADOS: Por meio desta coleta pode-se determinar, evidenciar e delimitar algumas características do perfil de consumo e uso do serviço de supermercado por esse público. Determinou-se a faixa etária que mais utiliza o serviço, suas preferências, frequência e motivações de utilização do supermercado, meios de transportes utilizados, diferenças no perfil masculino e feminino. E por fim fez-se a correlação dos resultados com características cognitivas e motoras particulares desse público.CONCLUSÕES: O estudo da experiência do usuário ainda é algo recente, com definições diversas, o que dificulta a delimitação dos fatores que compreendem a experiência de consumo. Em contraponto, têm-se também as diferenças culturais que influem e resultam em diferentes experiências de compras e, finalmente, diferentes respostas do consumidor dentro do mercado pelos idosos. Por isso a identificação e delimitação das formas de consumo, necessidades, vontades e limitações do idoso em um supermercado mostrou-se um excelente aliado no embasamento e na geração de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de uma melhor experiência de consumo de um serviço e entendimento da realidade do consumidor idoso brasileiro.
Norma Regulamentadora 17: considerações para sua revisão
Authors: Maas Larissa , Malvestiti Rosane , Merino Eugenio Andrés Diaz , Gontijo Leila Amaral
Published: July 2020

Atualmente, as normas regulamentadoras no Brasil estão passando por ampla revisão. A norma de número 17 (NR-17) refere-se à ergonomia e descreve aspectos que contribuem para proporcionar ambientes de trabalho saudáveis e seguros. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar pesquisas que possam embasar alterações necessárias no texto da norma. Para isso, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica para levantar os principais aspectos que estão sendo estudas na área atualmente. Com isso, foi identificado como pontos fortes a existência de uma norma em ergonomia, o uso da metodologia análise ergonômica do trabalho (AET) e parâmetros a serem seguidos, e como principais pontos frágeis a desatualização e falta de normas de referência, a inexistência de indicação do profissional elaborador da AET e a falta de obrigatoriedade da AET.
Vesten ruster sig overfor Rusland
Authors: Nielsen Ole Bang
Published: July 2020

Ole Bang Nielsen om EU's nyfunden styrke overfor Rusland efter krisen i Krim.
Polonium-210 mordet
Authors: Bindesbøll Larsen Thomas
Published: July 2020

Giftmord er på ny blevet en makaber politisk reali- tet. Hvad er perspektiverne efter det radioaktive mord på en politisk afhopper fra Rusland, der blev myrdet på britisk territorium, just som han var blevet britisk statsborger?
Første kvartal 2007
Authors: Seidelin Michael , Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Danmarks stemme
Pres på Israel?
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Spørgetid - Folketinget 22. november 2006
Den danske Stalin-forskning
Authors: Skak Mette
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Den Tredje Republik
Authors: Alfoneh Ali
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Latinamerika på zig zag kurs
Authors: Lohmann Jens
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Taiwan Strædet: Indenrigs- politik former storpolitik
Authors: Nørup Sørensen Camilla Tenna
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Klumme: Vi tog fejl af Rusland
Authors: Ehrenreich Michael
Published: July 2020

Michael Ehrenreich skriver om Vestens vurdering af Rusland.
Tysk-italiensk alliance kan drive EU fremad
Authors: Nielsen Ole Bang
Published: July 2020

Dette nummer af Udenrigs indeholder desuden en baggrundsartikl om en Tysk-italiansk alliance.
Dansk dilemma i Afghanistan
Authors: Krogh Torben
Published: July 2020

Danmark kan ikke svigte sine internationale forpligtelser til at deltage i bekæmpelsen af de mange trusler imod udvikling af demokrati og stabilitet i Afghanistan, men vilkårene for den danske indsats er så vanskelige som nogensinde.
Ruslands magtpolitik i Mellemøsten
Authors: Cohen Ariel , Larsen Niels Ivar
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Frygten for en religiøs tsunami
Authors: Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Både Vesten og konservative arabiske regeringer frygter efter opløsningen i Irak, Libanon og Gaza en fundamentalistisk bølge over Mellemøsten. I modsætning til Iran søger Vesten ikke indflydelse i de politisk-religiøse netværk.
Sarkozy: Et stærkt Frankrig i et effektivt EU
Authors: Holm Ulla
Published: July 2020

Den 16. maj 2007 blev den tidligere indenrigsminister, gaullisten Nicolas Sarkozy indsat i præsidentembedet.
Islamismen truer demokratiet
Authors: Djavann Chahdortt
Published: July 2020

Islam kan leve uden det islamiske tørklæde; men islamismen kan ikke. Den er missionerende, anti- demokratisk og styret af mænd, hvis identitet er afhængig af kvindeundertrykkelse. Tørklædet er dens banner.
Krænkede muslimer
Authors: Manji Irshad , Pedersen Klaus Carsten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tema: Nationalstaterne og globaliseringen
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Fra redaktionen
En ny kosmopolitisk patriotisme
Authors: Møller Bjarke
Published: July 2020

Det kosmopolitiske demokrati kan blive realpolitik, når det går op for europæerne, at nationalismens territoriale tænkning igen og igen ender i afmægtighed og hjælpeløshed over for de globale udfordringer.
EU’s umulige grænsekontrol
Authors: Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas
Published: July 2020

Europas grænsekontrol er i en brydningstid:EU’s engagement i opbygning af stærkere fælles kontrol ved de ydre grænser er slående, men medlemsstaterne er fortsat ansvarlige for at varetage kontrollen.
Venstre om i Latinamerika
Authors: Lindvig Niels
Published: July 2020

Latinamerika er uden tvivl trådt mod venstre i de senere år, men den generelle orientering i politikken er ikke entydig bortset fra det geopolitiske faktum, at de fleste sigter på større økonomisk og politisk uafhængighed af USA.
Hastig urbanisering kræver bæredygtige løsninger
Authors: Kurek Jacob , Strømann-Andersen Jakob
Published: July 2020

intet resumé
Fra redaktionen
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Ministeren og Miljøforkæmperen: Bud på COP15
Authors: Libak Anna
Published: July 2020

Udenrigs har bedt miljøminister Connie Hedegaard og generalsekretær for Ver- densnaturfonden Kim Carstensen om at svare på de samme ti skarpe spørgsmål om kon-

ferencen og om verdenssamfundets miljøpolitiske prioriteringer.
Ingen vej uden om atomkraft
Authors: Lohmann Andersen Bertel
Published: July 2020

Det er hævet over enhver tvivl, at atomkraften globalt er på vej op igen. Men meget tyder på, at Danmark, Niels Bohrs fædreland, kommer sidst i gang af alle.
USA’s valuta - vores problem
Authors: Larsen Flemming
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Forsvar med forbehold
Authors: Larsen Henrik
Published: July 2020

Det danske forsvarsforbehold var i 1990’erne af begrænset rækkevidde, men efter Saint Malo i 1998, hvor UK og Frankrig enedes om at bruge EU som udgangspunkt for en europæisk militær kapacitet, er udviklingen gået op i et højere gear.
Den dobbelte danske udenrigspolitik
Authors: Krogh Torben
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Docência na educação superior: problematizadora e tecnocientífica
Authors: VEIGA Ilma Passos Alencastro , Silva Edileuza Fernandes
Published: July 2020

Este artigo objetiva compreender como dois professores constroem a docência em cursos de Medicina e Engenharia Civil de uma instituição de ensino superior do Distrito Federal. Tem-se como pressuposto que a atividade docente pode reforçar ou desconstruir a dicotomia entre formação técnico-profissional e formação para o exercício crítico, consciente e comprometido com a sociedade e suas demandas. Questiona-se: a) em que medida a aula constitui espaço-tempo de construção coletiva do conhecimento?; b) como docentes constroem processos formativos a partir da problematização e da articulação entre teoria científica e tecnologia como produção dos sujeitos?; c) quais elementos caracterizam a docência problematizadora e tecnocientífica humanística? A abordagem qualitativa orientou o estudo, sendo os dados levantados das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos Cursos (CNE/CES, nº 03, 2014 e BRASIL, CNE/CES, nº 04, 2002), dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, de observações de aulas e de questionários aplicados para caracterizar os participantes. A análise evidencia que: a) experiências pessoais, acadêmicas e profissionais dos professores contribuem para a constituição da docência; b) processos didáticos participativos de ensinar, aprender e pesquisar com o protagonismo dos alunos favorecem o tratamento do conhecimento por meio da problematização e da articulação entre ciência, técnica e formação humanística; c) as atividades docentes sustentam-se na construção de conhecimentos por meio de metodologias participativas e; d) a docência sustenta-se no diálogo, na contextualização e na construção coletiva do conteúdo, em arranjos diferenciados para o espaço-tempo da aula, na relação professor-aluno e no conhecimento do professor, sem desconsiderar os saberes e as experiências dos estudantes.
Promoção da leitura na universidade: possibilidades por meio do ensino de estratégias de leitura
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Clara Maciel de Araújo
Published: July 2020

Leitura e aprendizagem são dimensões intimamente relacionadas. A partir disso, é possível supor que a universidade precisa assumir para si a função de letrar estudantes academicamente. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo objetiva discutir a promoção da leitura na universidade por meio de dados coletados em uma aula sobre estratégias de leitura, demonstrando, ao mesmo tempo, os benefícios da abordagem didática desenvolvida nesta aula. Para tanto, dois questionários (um sobre o uso de estratégias metacognitivas de leitura, outro sobre o comportamento leitor) foram aplicados a vinte e cinco estudantes do segundo período de Letras de uma universidade pública mineira, com o objetivo de entender o uso que estudantes em início de graduação fazem de estratégias de leitura. Os resultados evidenciam que os participantes da pesquisa mobilizam apenas estratégias básicas durante a leitura (relegando estratégias pré e pós leitura), o que aponta para a necessidade do aumento da oferta de atividades didáticas que levem os estudantes a refletirem sobre o próprio comportamento leitor.
Desafios na formação para a docência universitária em cursos de pós-graduação
Authors: Rivas Noeli Prestes Padilha , Da Silva Glaucia Maria
Published: July 2020

Este texto é parte da pesquisa “A formação pedagógica de professores para o Ensino Superior nos Programas de Pós-Graduação”, realizada em 2019, no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Formação de Professores e Currículo, a partir da questão problematizadora: Quais os contributos do Programa de Aperfeiçoamento de Ensino (PAE) na constituição dos pós-graduandos como futuros professores face à sua formação como pesquisador nas diferentes áreas do saber? Tem como objetivo investigar a formação pedagógica de professores para o Ensino Superior em uma universidade pública paulista, no contexto da Etapa de Preparação Pedagógica do PAE. O corpus, constituído pelos programas de ensino (objetivos, justificativa, conteúdo e bibliografia) de 34 disciplinas PAE na área de Ciências da Saúde, foi analisado utilizando-se as “Diretrizes para as Disciplinas da Etapa de Preparação Pedagógica da Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação” e referenciais teóricos relacionados à formação do professor universitário, mediados pela Didática e Currículo. Os dados revelam que cerca de vinte disciplinas PAE possuem singularidades que precisam ser discutidas e contextualizadas de forma a contribuir para articulação entre as áreas da saúde e educação e para valorização da formação docente no contexto da pós-graduação, tanto quanto a formação do pesquisador. É preciso avançar na compreensão de que o preparo para a função docente na área das Ciências da Saúde não envolve apenas a instrumentalização técnica aprisionada a aspectos prescritivos e pragmáticos, ao tecnicismo exagerado e entendimento de metodologia simplório que não alcança o conhecimento necessário e instigador para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem.
Chemical and structural investigation of the paroxetine-human serotonin transporter complex
Authors: Coleman Jonathan A , Navratna Vikas , Antermite Daniele , Yang Dongxue , Bull James A , Gouaux Eric
Published: July 2020

Antidepressants target the serotonin transporter (SERT) by inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Structural and biochemical studies aiming to understand binding of small-molecules to conformationally dynamic transporters like SERT often require thermostabilizing mutations and antibodies to stabilize a specific conformation, leading to questions about relationships of these structures to the bonafide conformation and inhibitor binding poses of wild-type transporter. To address these concerns, we determined the structures of ∆N72/∆C13 and ts2-inactive SERT bound to paroxetine analogues using single-particle cryo-EM and x-ray crystallography, respectively. We synthesized enantiopure analogues of paroxetine containing either bromine or iodine instead of fluorine. We exploited the anomalous scattering of bromine and iodine to define the pose of these inhibitors and investigated inhibitor binding to Asn177 mutants of ts2-active SERT. These studies provide mutually consistent insights into how paroxetine and its analogues bind to the central substrate-binding site of SERT, stabilize the outward-open conformation, and inhibit serotonin transport.
A comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of three Chrysanthemum boreale strains
Authors: Tyagi Swati , Jung Jae-A , Kim Jung Sun , Won So Youn
Published: July 2020

Background

Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) is a plant of economic, ornamental and medicinal importance. We characterized and compared the chloroplast genomes of three C. boreale strains. These were collected from different geographic regions of Korea and varied in floral morphology.

Methods

The chloroplast genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing techniques, assembled de novo, annotated, and compared with one another. Phylogenetic analysis placed them within the Anthemideae tribe.

Results

The sizes of the complete chloroplast genomes of the C. boreale strains were 151,012 bp (strain 121002), 151,098 bp (strain IT232531) and 151,010 bp (strain IT301358). Each genome contained 80 unique protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes and 29 tRNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed a high degree of conservation in the overall sequence, gene content, gene order and GC content among the strains. We identified 298 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 106 insertions/deletions (indels) in the chloroplast genomes. These variations were more abundant in non-coding regions than in coding regions. Long dispersed repeats and simple sequence repeats were present in both coding and noncoding regions, with greater frequency in the latter. Regardless of their location, these repeats can be used for molecular marker development. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationship of the species in the Anthemideae tribe. The three complete chloroplast genomes will be valuable genetic resources for studying the population genetics and evolutionary relationships of Asteraceae species.
Treating coral bleaching as weather: a framework to validate and optimize prediction skill
Authors: DeCarlo Thomas M.
Published: July 2020

Few coral reefs remain unscathed by mass bleaching over the past several decades, and much of the coral reef science conducted today relates in some way to the causes, consequences, or recovery pathways of bleaching events. Most studies portray a simple cause and effect relationship between anomalously high summer temperatures and bleaching, which is understandable given that bleaching rarely occurs outside these unusually warm times. However, the statistical skill with which temperature captures bleaching is hampered by many “false alarms”, times when temperatures reached nominal bleaching levels, but bleaching did not occur. While these false alarms are often not included in global bleaching assessments, they offer valuable opportunities to improve predictive skill, and therefore understanding, of coral bleaching events. Here, I show how a statistical framework adopted from weather forecasting can optimize bleaching predictions and validate which environmental factors play a role in bleaching susceptibility. Removing the 1 °C above the maximum monthly mean cutoff in the typical degree heating weeks (DHW) definition, adjusting the DHW window from 12 to 9 weeks, using regional-specific DHW thresholds, and including an El Niño threshold already improves the model skill by 45%. Most importantly, this framework enables hypothesis testing of other factors or metrics that may improve our ability to forecast coral bleaching events.
Selection ofBeauveria bassiana(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strains to controlXyleborus affinis(Curculionidae: Scolytinae) females
Authors: Castrejón-Antonio Jesús E. , Tamez-Guerra Patricia , Montesinos-Matías Roberto , Ek-Ramos Maria J. , Garza-López Paul M. , Arredondo-Bernal Hugo C.
Published: July 2020

Background

Xyleborus affinisEichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an ambrosia beetle reported to affect avocado trees (Persea americanaMill.). The use of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF)Beauveria bassiana(Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. for ambrosia beetle control represents an alternative to insecticides.

Methods

This study was designed in two stages to selectB. bassianastrains with potential to controlX. affinisfemales. In the first stage, 19B. bassianaMexican strains from EPF collection, isolated from Coleoptera (CHE-CNRCB,http://www.gob.mx/senasica/documentos/coleccion-de-hongos-entomopatogenos), were tested. Analyses included radial growth rate, conidial yield, spore germination, and germ tube length. Results were analysed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify clusters within favourable growth phenotypes. For the second stage, 10 selected strains were re-analysed for virulence-related metabolic characteristic, including cell wall-bound cuticle-degrading enzymes–Pr1-like proteases and β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases (NAGase) chitinases, conidial hydrophobicity and monopolar germination parameters. A second PCA analysis was run for those virulence parameters analysed, and upon results strains CHE-CNRCB 44, 171, 431 and 485 were selected and tested againstX. affinisfemales. Females were treated with a 1 × 108conidia mL−1suspension (recommended rate), using a Potter Tower.

Results

All strains showed insecticidal activity, inducing up to 58% mortality; about 30% dead beetles developed aerial mycelia (CHE-CNRCB 485) and the fastest mortality rate wast0= 1.95 (CHE-CNRCB 44).

Conclusion

Since all selected strains showed virulence againstX. affinisfemales, results indicated the possibility of selectingB. bassianastrains based on multiple metabolic attributes, as a preliminary test to perform bioassays against order-related target insects.
Identification of novel mutations in RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of SARS-CoV-2 and their implications on its protein structure
Authors: Chand Gyanendra Bahadur , Banerjee Atanu , Azad Gajendra Kumar
Published: July 2020

The rapid development of the SARS-CoV-2 mediated COVID-19 pandemic has been the cause of significant health concern, highlighting the immediate need for effective antivirals. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus that has an inherently high mutation rate. These mutations drive viral evolution and genome variability, thereby facilitating viruses to have rapid antigenic shifting to evade host immunity and to develop drug resistance. Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) perform viral genome duplication and RNA synthesis. Therefore, we compared the available RdRp sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from Indian isolates and the ‘Wuhan wet sea food market virus’ sequence to identify, if any, variation between them. Our data revealed the occurrence of seven mutations in Indian isolates of SARS-CoV-2. The secondary structure prediction analysis of these seven mutations shows that three of them cause alteration in the structure of RdRp. Furthermore, we did protein modelling studies to show that these mutations can potentially alter the stability of the RdRp protein. Therefore, we propose that RdRp mutations in Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates might have functional consequences that can interfere with RdRp targeting pharmacological agents.
DB Construction of Activation Temperature and Response Time Index for Domestic Fixed-temperature Heat Detectors in Ceiling Jet Flow
Authors: Yoon Ga-Yeong , Han Ho-Sik , Mun Sun-Yeo , Park Chung-Hwa , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: July 2020

The accurate prediction of fire detector activation time is required to ensure the reliability of fire modeling during the safety assessment of performance-based fire safety design. The main objective of this study is to determine the activation temperature and the response time index (RTI) of a fixed heat detector, which are the main input factors of a fixed-temperature heat detector applied to the fire dynamics simulator (FDS), a typical fire model. Therefore, a fire detector evaluator, which is a fire detector experimental apparatus, was applied, and 10 types of domestic fixed-temperature heat detectors were selected through a product recognition survey. It was found that there were significant differences in the activation temperature and RTI among the detectors. Additionally, the detector activation time of the FDS with the measured DB can be predicted more accurately. Finally, the DB of the activation temperature and RTI of the fixed-temperature heat detectors with reliability was provided.
Publics Segmentation by the Issuance of Disaster-related Crisis Alert
Authors: Kim Yong-Soon , Choi Don-Mook
Published: July 2020

Recently, a new infectious disease, COVID-19, has been spreading not only in Korea but around the world. As a result, the Korean government raised the level of infectious disease crisis alerts to a serious level on February 23, 2020. The purpose of this study is to apply the situational theory of publics to publics segmentation according to the issuance of a crisis alert and to suggest ways to improve the crisis alert system. To this end, the level of public perception on crisis alerts was checked. The verification confirmed that the situational theory of publics is a suitable theoretical framework for analyzing the communication behaviors of the public toward crisis alerts. As a result of the public segmentation, 42.7% were classified as active publics. Based on this, it was suggested to reorganize the crisis alert system as a system for communicating with the public.
The Influence of Unconditional Self-Acceptance and Self-Exposure on Post-traumatic Growth of Firefighters
Authors: Hwang Chang-Ui
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of unconditional self-acceptance and self-exposure of trainees on the post-traumatic growth and to develop a program to achieve post-traumatic growth beyond the previous level without suffering from psychopathological consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder I wanted to help. For this purpose, unconditional self-acceptance, self-exposure, and Korean post-traumatic growth scale were used. First, it was confirmed that unconditional self-acceptance and self-exposure of firefighters are correlated with post-traumatic growth. Second, hierarchical regression analysis showed that unconditional self-acceptance has more influence on self-acceptance and post-traumatic growth than self-acceptance of firefighters. Based on the results of this study, we propose the program development and therapeutic intervention strategies to promote post-traumatic growth of firefighters.
Fire Mechanism in Power Connection Points of Outlets and Suggestion of a New Identification Method
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Bang Sun-Bae , Eun Hee-Rim , Oh Se-Hyeok , Lee Yoo-Bin , Ko Young-Ho
Published: July 2020

Most outlet fires occur around plug pins and plug pin receivers. However, no research has been conducted on ignitions at power connection points. This study confirms the possibility of ignition after incomplete connection, using a stranded wire, to the power connection point of an outlet. The experiment was divided into basic and reproducing experiments. The basic experiment confirmed the possibility of ignition according to the number of wire strands connected to the power connection point, and it identified the characteristics of the residue after the fire. In the reproducing experiment, lamps, vacuum cleaners, and heaters were connected to an outlet to check if the ignition at the connection advanced into a fire. The fire advanced due to the heat and arc generated at the connection point, and partial losses were identified in the U-type holder and clip. Accordingly, the results demonstrate that a fire may occur when the stranded wire is incompletely connected to the outlet. Moreover, it was confirmed that the cause of a fire can be determined based on the characteristics of the residue.
Adaptability of COVID-19 Safety Guidelines in Building Construction Sites in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeokoli F. O. , Okongwu M. I. , Fadumo D. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim: The study evaluates how COVID-19 safety rules were applied in construction sites in Anambra state, Nigeria.

Study Design: The study being a survey research was effected through literature review, a well-structured questionnaire and interview.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Anambra State, Nigeria for a period of 6 months.

Methodology: Being a survey research, questionnaire containing information relating to COVID-19 guidelines were randomly administered to selected construction practitioners in Anambra State, Nigeria. Accordingly, a total of 84 questionnaires were administered while 81 copies were completed, returned and found useful. This corresponds to a response rate of 96%. The data were analyzed using Relative importance index and ranked appropriately.

Results: The study found out that maintaining stay at home policy if one is sick (0.827), use of face covering/face mask (0.793), placing wash stations or hand sanitizers in multiple locations at construction sites (0.714), maintaining a daily attendance log for all staff and visitors (0.689) and use of provision of personal protective equipment (0.679) are the commonly used covid-19 safety guideline in the study area. The study also, observed that greater percent of the COVID-19 safety guidelines are rarely applied in the study area.

Conclusion: The study concluded by recommending that construction sites in the study area should integrate the recommended safety guidelines in its daily operations and/or activities despite the fact that such practices may attract extra cost and disrupt site activities were contacts are necessary as well as take more time to adjust to the new normal in construction.
Quality Assurance in Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Saglam Yucel , Bolukbasi Yasemin , Atasoy Ali Ihsan , Karakose Fatih , Alpan Vildan , Selek Ugur , Kucuk Ahmet , Pehlivan Berrin , Topkan Erkan
Published: July 2020

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have settled down in the center of modern palliative and recently curative intent treatments in the last two decades. Being special, technology-driven, direct knowledge and experience based clinical procedures, both SRS and SBRT require high precision, accuracy and reproducibility to be safely and effectively delivered, which delineates the importance of quality assurance (QA) procedures from head to toe. In this review, we focused on summary of the comprehensive QA program covering clinical, technical and patient-specific treatment aspects, which need to be individualized per department based on several current recommendation guidelines.
Management of Renewable Energy Sources and Technologies for Turkey
Authors: Sahin H. H. , Yelmen B. , Kurt C.
Published: July 2020

Utilization of alternative sources named as new and renewable energy sources; Due to technological development and difficulties in competing economically with traditional resources, it has not reached the desired level until today. Due to the rapid increase in energy consumption today; It is a fact proved by scientific findings that fossil fuels will be consumed in the near future. Therefore, in the development of countries; Providing timely, reliable, clean and uninterrupted energy, creating a market environment, in other words, successful implementation of energy management have become imperative. Energy has become one of the most important problems of the world countries today. As is known, the lifetimes of energy sources such as coal and oil are limited. In addition, due to the use of fossil fuels; It is a fact that global warming is increasing day by day. In the light of the data obtained, for our energy needs; alternative solutions should be found, renewable energy sources should be evaluated. The importance of renewable energy sources has increased as the problems related to environmental pollution increase, and projects related to them have started to get support. These energy sources can basically be classified as hydroelectric energy, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, modern biomass energy and hydrogen energy. Economic and efficient operation of new and renewable energy sources should be transformed into a common understanding in order to provide clean energy. In this study, energy production methods from green energy sources, environmental relations and new technologies used with these energy sources are explained. It has been compared among energy sources; In Turkey, energy management issues are discussed, new and renewable clean energy use efficiency and energy saving and new strategies are determined. In addition, recommendations were made on energy use efficiency and energy saving measures in various sectors.
Values Education in Teaching of Social Studies in Junior High School Indonesia
Authors: . Supardi , Hasanah Enung
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study aims to describe the efforts of teachers in implementing values education in social studies learning

Study Design: This research was designed using a qualitative approach with a case study method.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 2018 from November to April 2019, in Yogyakarta Indonesia.

Methodology: Subjects were 20 social studies teachers in Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data validity is done by source triangulation. Data analysis using Creswell's analysis model.

Results: The results showed that; Values ​​education in social studies learning is done by identifying values ​​that are relevant to the material and learning strategies, incorporating them in learning tools, integrating learning activities, and through social studies learning assessments. The teacher identifies values ​​by linking general learning achievements, school vision and mission, learning material, and learning methods. In the curriculum in Indonesia, several basic values ​​are included in the learning outcomes. The inculcation of values ​​in learning activities is carried out directly by linking the material with values, and indirectly by providing learning activities to students which also provide student learning experiences.

Conclusion: Values education in social studies learning starts from learning planning, learning implementation, and learning assessment. Values education in social studies learning is done indirectly.