bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the farm-level economic costs of spring cropping to manage Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) in UK agriculture
Authors: Ahodo K. , Oglethorpe D. , Hicks H. L. , Freckleton R. P.
Published: October 2019

Crop rotation is a non-chemical strategy adopted by farmers to manage weeds. However, not all crops in a rotation are equally profitable. Thus, there is potentially a trade-off between the costs and benefits of this strategy. The objective of the current study is to quantify this trade-off for the rotational control of an important weed (Alopecurus myosuroides). Data from 745 farms were used to parameterize a farm-level mixed-integer goal-programming model of the economics of spring cropping for weed control in UK agriculture. On average, the short-term loss of profit from spring cropping is greater than the benefits in terms of reduced herbicide usage and yield increases. These costs are greater when weed densities are low, so that spring cropping is an expensive strategy in the early stages of an infestation. However, there is a great deal of farm-to-farm variation: factors such as soil type and farm size are important and the current study highlights that economic modelling at the farm level is important in enabling farmers to make informed decisions. In general, however, if spring cropping is to be a successful strategy then the benefits to farmers will be in terms of long-term reductions in weed densities, but this will be at the expense of short-term profitability.
Structural variability and distribution of cells in a posterior gill ofCarcinus maenas(Decapoda: Brachyura)
Authors: Lawson S.L. , Jones M.B. , Moate R.M.
Published: October 2019

Gill number 8 of intermoult maleCarcinus maenas(L.) (Decapoda: Brachyura) was used to study the morphological variation and distribution of the major gill cells. Three gill regions (proximal, mid and distal) were sectioned and examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the three epithelial cell types (striated, chief and pillar) was similar to previously published descriptions, but some variations in cell form and distribution were observed. In all gill regions, striated and chief cells were larger towards the lamellar raphe than near the marginal canal. In the proximal gill region, the epithelium consisted almost exclusively of striated cells, implying an osmotic/ionic role for this region. In the mid gill region, the epithelium comprised a mixture of chief and striated cells. In the distal region, chief cells predominated, implying a respiratory role for this region. Pillar cells exhibited no clear distributional pattern within the gill and, although their shape varied with position, their involvement in ionic regulation, osmoregulation, respiration, structural support or the flow of haemolymph through the gill is not clearly defined. Nephrocytes, thought to be involved in gill defence mechanisms, occurred in the haemolymph space or attached to the intralamellar septum and showed no structural variability. Glycocytes were always associated with the intralamellar septum, implying that there are specific gill regions for glycogen storage. Haemocytes showed some structural variation but there was no obvious correlation with gill region; small-granule haemocytes were the most common haemocyte type in the gill.
Observations on the behaviour of Thalassema thalassemum (echiura: echiuridae)
Authors: Nickell L.A. , Atkinson R.J.A.
Published: October 2019

The echiuran worm Thalassema thalassemum (Echiura: Echiuridae), is a deposit-feeder which uses its proboscis to collect sediment particles for ingestion. The proboscis is highly extensible and is used with dorsal surface downwards to skim particles from the sediment surface. Alternatively, the distal portion of the proboscis is arched over and the ventral surface of the tip is held against the sediment surface where ciliary movement facilitates particle collection. These methods are used in combination and collected material is moved back along the proboscis, the edges of which are rolled to form a closed tube. Burrows appear to be U-shaped with one predominantly inhalant and one exhalant opening. Faecal pellets are periodically ejected forming small mounds around exhalant openings and mean rates of 1·83 and 2·80 g dry wt d−1 were measured suggesting that, in sufficient densities, this species could make a significant contribution to macrofaunal bioturbation.
The English major crisis in China
Authors: Chen Ningyang
Published: October 2019

Any news on English education in China today is now no news, but this most recent one may offer us some fresh food for thought.
Expectoration of bronchial casts in association with Ramipril treatment
Authors: Plümacher Kim Sarah , Paul Thomas , Sigler Matthias
Published: October 2019

We report of a 26-year-old female patient who was referred to our centre with congestive heart failure (CHF). Acute myocarditis with a high Parvovirus B19 virus load was diagnosed by myocardial biopsy. CHF improved after start of ramipril 5 mg/d, metoprolol, diuretics, immunoglobins, and a 24-hour infusion of levosimendan. Soon after initiation of medical therapy, the patient started to expectorate bronchial casts with varying frequencies (three times per week to five times daily). Thorough pneumological workup, including histology of the casts, microbiology, and a CT scan of the lungs, did not reveal any cause for bronchial cast formation. Inhalative corticoids were started without any benefit. Two years later, cardiac catheterisation demonstrated normalised left ventricular function. LV end-diastolic pressure, however, was still elevated at 14 mmHg. Endomyocardial biopsies at this time were negative for virus genome. Finally, we changed afterload reduction therapy from ramipril to candesartan. Within 24 hours, expectoration of bronchial casts terminated. Four weeks later, re-exposition to ramipril prompted immediate re-appearance of cast formation, which again stopped with switching back to candesartan. Finally, we were to prove that treatment with ramipril resulted in bronchial cast formation in this patient.
Transient ST Segment Elevation Caused by Intracoronary Thrombus after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Akşit Ercan , Turgay Yildirim Özge , Aydin Fatih , Bardakci Okan , Aydin Ayşe Hüseyınoğlu
Published: October 2019

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the most common cause of death and injury among all poisonings. Myocardial injury is detected in one-third of CO poisonings. In this Case Report, a previously healthy 41-year-old man was referred for CO poisoning. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showed 1mm ST segment elevation in leads DII, DIII, and aVF. As the patient did not describe chest pain and had no cardiac symptoms, ECG was repeated 10 minutes later and it was seen that ST segment elevation disappeared. As the patient had a transient ST segment elevation and elevated high-sensitive Tn-T (HsTn-T), the patient was transferred to the coronary angiography laboratory. The patient’s left coronary system was normal, but a thrombus image narrowing the lumen by approximately 60% was observed in the right coronary artery. Intravenous tirofiban was administered for 48 hours. Control coronary angiography showed continuing thrombus formation and a bare metal stent was successfully implanted. This is the first reported case with transient ST segment elevation associated with acute coronary thrombus caused by CO poisoning. It may be recommended that patients with CO poisoning should be followed-up with a 12-lead ECG monitor or 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring, even if they show no cardiac symptoms and echocardiography shows no wall motion abnormality. Early coronary angiography upon detection of such dynamic ECG changes in these recordings as ST segment elevation can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality in these patients.
ALS inhibitor–resistant smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis) seed germination requires fewer growing degree days and lower soil moisture
Authors: Pedroso Rafael M. , van Kessel Chris , Dourado Neto Durval , Linquist Bruce A. , Boddy Louis G. , Al-Khatib Kassim , Fischer Albert J.
Published: October 2019

The repetitive use of ALS inhibitors for smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) control has selected for herbicide-resistant (R) populations that threaten the sustainability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and demand alternative control measures be developed. A better understanding of seedling recruitment patterns at the field level is required to optimize the timing and efficacy of control measures. Therefore, a population-based threshold model was developed for optimizing germination prediction in multiple acetolactate synthase (ALS)-R and ALS-susceptible (ALS-S) C. difformis biotypes and applied to field-level emergence predictions. Estimated base temperatures (Tb) ranged from 16.5 to 17.6 C with no clear pattern between biotypes; such values are higher than Tb values of other important rice weeds, as well as for rice. Germination rates increased linearly from 16 to 33.7 C. ALS-R seeds germinate faster due to smaller median thermal times to germination (θT(50)) while also displaying lower germination synchronicity across water potentials. Interestingly, ALS-R biotypes were capable of germinating under lower moisture availability, as indicated by their lower (more negative) base water potential values (Ψb(50)) for seed germination; Ψb(50) values ranged from −0.24 to −1.13 MPa. In-field soil germination measurements found thermal times to emergence varied across three water regimes (daily water, flooded, or saturated). Seedling emergence under the daily water treatment was fastest; however, total seedling density was lower than for the other water regimes. In order to optimize springtime C. difformis seedling emergence, soil moisture should be kept around field capacity, as germination is hindered at lower moisture contents. By predicting when most of the seed population germinates, the thermal-time model can address issues regarding the optimal timing for herbicide applications, thereby allowing for improved C. difformis management in rice fields.
Analysis of Thunderstorms Producing Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes With the Meteosat Second Generation
Authors: Ursi A. , Marisaldi M. , Dietrich S. , Tavani M. , Tiberia A. , Porcù F.
Published: October 2019

Up to now, only few works focused on the meteorological context leading to the production of Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs). In this study, we carry out, for the first time, an analysis on large scale of the meteorological scenario linked to 278 TGFs detected by RHESSI, AGILE, and Fermi, by using the Meteosat Second Generation geostationary satellites. These satellites are useful as they continuously monitor the same geographic region in time, allowing investigations on thunderstorms' development; moreover, they are endowed with channels and products that provide information about the meteorological context under analysis, such as the cloud top temperature and altitude, the cloud extension, the drop effective radius and the cloud phase. Our work confirms what previously found in other studies about the TGF‐associated thunderstorms, by using a different approach and by using for the first time the Meteosat satellites: we find TGFs mostly linked to the development phase of deep convective thunderstorm systems, exhibiting typical characteristics of tropical storms, and providing a first picture on large scale of the TGF‐associated thunderstorm systems.
Reconciling Differences Between Large‐Eddy Simulations and Doppler Lidar Observations of Continental Shallow Cumulus Cloud‐Base Vertical Velocity
Authors: Endo Satoshi , Zhang Damao , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Kollias Pavlos , Lamer Katia , Oue Mariko , Xiao Heng , Gustafson William I. , Romps David M.
Published: October 2019

We investigate a significant model‐observation difference found between cloud‐base vertical velocity for continental shallow cumulus simulated using large‐eddy simulations (LES) and observed by Doppler lidar measurements over the U.S. Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Facility. The LES cloud‐base vertical velocity is dominated by updrafts that are consistent with a general picture for convective clouds but is inconsistent with Doppler lidar observations that also show the presence of considerable downdrafts. The underestimation of simulated downdrafts is found to be a robust feature, being insensitive to various numerical, physical, or dynamical choices. We find that simulations can more closely reproduce observations only after improving the model physics to use size‐resolved microphysics and horizontal longwave radiation, both of which modify the cloud buoyancy and velocity structure near cloud side edges. The results suggest that treatments that capture these structures are needed for the proper simulation and subsequent parameterization development of shallow cumulus vertical transport.
Pparg promotes differentiation and regulates mitochondrial gene expression in bladder epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Chang , Tate Tiffany , Batourina Ekatherina , Truschel Steven T. , Potter Steven , Adam Mike , Xiang Tina , Picard Martin , Reiley Maia , Schneider Kerry , Tamargo Manuel , Lu Chao , Chen Xiao , He Jing , Kim Hyunwoo , Mendelsohn Cathy Lee
Published: October 2019

The urothelium is an epithelial barrier lining the bladder that protects against infection, fluid exchange and damage from toxins. The nuclear receptor Pparg promotes urothelial differentiation in vitro, and Pparg mutations are associated with bladder cancer. However, the function of Pparg in the healthy urothelium is unknown. Here we show that Pparg is critical in urothelial cells for mitochondrial biogenesis, cellular differentiation and regulation of inflammation in response to urinary tract infection (UTI). Superficial cells, which are critical for maintaining the urothelial barrier, fail to mature in Pparg mutants and basal cells undergo squamous-like differentiation. Pparg mutants display persistent inflammation after UTI, and Nf-KB, which is transiently activated in response to infection in the wild type urothelium, persists for months. Our observations suggest that in addition to its known roles in adipogegnesis and macrophage differentiation, that Pparg-dependent transcription plays a role in the urothelium controlling mitochondrial function development and regeneration.
Anatomy and function of the vertebral column lymphatic network in mice
Authors: Jacob Laurent , Boisserand Ligia Simoes Braga , Geraldo Luiz Henrique Medeiros , de Brito Neto Jose , Mathivet Thomas , Antila Salli , Barka Besma , Xu Yunling , Thomas Jean-Mickael , Pestel Juliette , Aigrot Marie-Stéphane , Song Eric , Nurmi Harri , Lee Seyoung , Alitalo Kari , Renier Nicolas , Eichmann Anne , Thomas Jean-Leon
Published: October 2019

Cranial lymphatic vessels (LVs) are involved in the transport of fluids, macromolecules and central nervous system (CNS) immune responses. Little information about spinal LVs is available, because these delicate structures are embedded within vertebral tissues and difficult to visualize using traditional histology. Here we show an extended vertebral column LV network using three-dimensional imaging of decalcified iDISCO+-clarified spine segments. Vertebral LVs connect to peripheral sensory and sympathetic ganglia and form metameric vertebral circuits connecting to lymph nodes and the thoracic duct. They drain the epidural space and the dura mater around the spinal cord and associate with leukocytes. Vertebral LVs remodel extensively after spinal cord injury and VEGF-C-induced vertebral lymphangiogenesis exacerbates the inflammatory responses, T cell infiltration and demyelination following focal spinal cord lesion. Therefore, vertebral LVs add to skull meningeal LVs as gatekeepers of CNS immunity and may be potential targets to improve the maintenance and repair of spinal tissues.
Vocal state change through laryngeal development
Authors: Zhang Yisi S. , Takahashi Daniel Y. , Liao Diana A. , Ghazanfar Asif A. , Elemans Coen P. H.
Published: October 2019

Across vertebrates, progressive changes in vocal behavior during postnatal development are typically attributed solely to developing neural circuits. How the changing body influences vocal development remains unknown. Here we show that state changes in the contact vocalizations of infant marmoset monkeys, which transition from noisy, low frequency cries to tonal, higher pitched vocalizations in adults, are caused partially by laryngeal development. Combining analyses of natural vocalizations, motorized excised larynx experiments, tensile material tests and high-speed imaging, we show that vocal state transition occurs via a sound source switch from vocal folds to apical vocal membranes, producing louder vocalizations with higher efficiency. We show with an empirically based model of descending motor control how neural circuits could interact with changing laryngeal dynamics, leading to adaptive vocal development. Our results emphasize the importance of embodied approaches to vocal development, where exploiting biomechanical consequences of changing material properties can simplify motor control, reducing the computational load on the developing brain.
A dataset of continuous affect annotations and physiological signals for emotion analysis
Authors: Sharma Karan , Castellini Claudio , van den Broek Egon L. , Albu-Schaeffer Alin , Schwenker Friedhelm
Published: October 2019

From a computational viewpoint, emotions continue to be intriguingly hard to understand. In research, a direct and real-time inspection in realistic settings is not possible. Discrete, indirect, post-hoc recordings are therefore the norm. As a result, proper emotion assessment remains a problematic issue. The Continuously Annotated Signals of Emotion (CASE) dataset provides a solution as it focusses on real-time continuous annotation of emotions, as experienced by the participants, while watching various videos. For this purpose, a novel, intuitive joystick-based annotation interface was developed, that allowed for simultaneous reporting of valence and arousal, that are instead often annotated independently. In parallel, eight high quality, synchronized physiological recordings (1000 Hz, 16-bit ADC) were obtained from ECG, BVP, EMG (3x), GSR (or EDA), respiration and skin temperature sensors. The dataset consists of the physiological and annotation data from 30 participants, 15 male and 15 female, who watched several validated video-stimuli. The validity of the emotion induction, as exemplified by the annotation and physiological data, is also presented.
Transcriptomic profiling of cotton Gossypium hirsutum challenged with low-temperature gradients stress
Authors: Li Zhi-Bo , Zeng Xiao-Yan , Xu Jian-Wei , Zhao Rui-Hai , Wei Yi-Nong
Published: October 2019

Gossypium hirsutum, a cotton species widely cultivated around the world, is a typical cold-sensitive crop. Low-temperature (LT) stress is one of the main environmental stressors that can affect growth and the quality of cotton fibers. LT is also a major challenge for cotton survival, growth maturity and geographical distribution. However, few genome-wide transcriptional response and profiling datasets are available to explore the LT-tolerant mechanism of cotton. This study treated G. hirsutum with four LT gradients (control at 25 °C and cold temperatures at 4 °C, 10 °C and 15 °C) for 24 hour to generate 12 RNA-Seq datasets (three biological replicates per treatment) with approximately 280 million clean reads per dataset. The quality of the datasets obtained in the current study was validated through a series of quality checks including verification of RNA sample quality and RNA-Seq read quality. Data analyses included novel gene discovery, global gene expression profiling and quantitative real-time PCR. This is the first study to report genome-wide transcriptomic datasets for cotton in response to LT exposure.
Neurophysiological markers predicting recovery of standing in humans with chronic motor complete spinal cord injury
Authors: Mesbah Samineh , Gonnelli Federica , Angeli Claudia A. , El-baz Ayman , Harkema Susan J. , Rejc Enrico
Published: October 2019

The appropriate selection of individual-specific spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) parameters is crucial to re-enable independent standing with self-assistance for balance in individuals with chronic, motor complete spinal cord injury, which is a key achievement toward the recovery of functional mobility. To date, there are no available algorithms that contribute to the selection of scES parameters for facilitating standing in this population. Here, we introduce a novel framework for EMG data processing that implements spectral analysis by continuous wavelet transform and machine learning methods for characterizing epidural stimulation-promoted EMG activity resulting in independent standing. Analysis of standing data collected from eleven motor complete research participants revealed that independent standing was promoted by EMG activity characterized by lower median frequency, lower variability of median frequency, lower variability of activation pattern, lower variability of instantaneous maximum power, and higher total power. Additionally, the high classification accuracy of assisted and independent standing allowed the development of a prediction algorithm that can provide feedback on the effectiveness of muscle-specific activation for standing promoted by the tested scES parameters. This framework can support researchers and clinicians during the process of selection of epidural stimulation parameters for standing motor rehabilitation.
Anomalous magneto-resistance of Ni-nanowire/Nb hybrid system
Authors: Skryabina O. V. , Kozlov S. N. , Egorov S. V. , Klimenko A. A. , Ryazanov V. V. , Bakurskiy S. V. , Kupriyanov M. Yu. , Klenov N. V. , Soloviev I. I. , Golubov A. A. , Napolskii K. S. , Golovchanskiy I. A. , Roditchev D. , Stolyarov V. S.
Published: October 2019

We examine the influence of superconductivity on the magneto-transport properties of a ferromagnetic Ni nanowire connected to Nb electrodes. We show experimentally and confirm theoretically that the Nb/Ni interface plays an essential role in the electron transport through the device. Just below the superconducting transition, a strong inverse proximity effect from the nanowire suppresses superconducting correlations at Nb/Ni interfaces, resulting in a conventional anisotropic magneto-resistive response. At lower temperatures however, the Nb electrodes operate as superconducting shunts. As the result, the magneto-resistance exhibits a strongly growing hysteretic behavior accompanied by a series of saw-like jumps. The latter are associated with the penetration/escape of individual Abrikosov vortices that influence non-equilibrium processes at the Nb/Ni interface. These effects should be taken into account when designing superconducting quantum nano-hybrids involving ferromagnetic nanowires.
Patterns of Genome-Wide Variation, Population Differentiation and SNP Discovery of the Red Banded Stink Bug (Piezodorus guildinii)
Authors: Zucchi Maria I. , Cordeiro Erick M. G. , Allen Clint , Novello Mariana , Viana João Paulo Gomes , Brown Patrick J. , Manjunatha Shilpa , Omoto Celso , Pinheiro José Baldin , Clough Steven J.
Published: October 2019

Unravelling the details of range expansion and ecological dominance shifts of insect pests has been challenging due to the lack of basic knowledge about population structure, gene flow, and most importantly, how natural selection is affecting the adaptive process. Piezodous guildinii is an emerging pest of soybean in the southern region of the United States, and increasingly important in Brazil in recent years. However, the reasons P. guildinii is gradually becoming more of a problem are questions still mostly unanswered. Here, we have genotyped P. guildinii samples and discovered 1,337 loci containing 4,083 variant sites SNPs that were used to estimate genetic structure and to identify gene candidates under natural selection. Our results revealed the existence of a significant genetic structure separating populations according to their broad geographic origin, i.e., U.S. and Brazil, supported by AMOVA (FGT = 0.26), STRUCTURE, PCA, and FST analyses. High levels of gene flow or coancestry within groups (i.e., within countries) can be inferred from the data, and no spatial pattern was apparent at the finer scale in Brazil. Samples from different seasons show more heterogeneous compositions suggesting mixed ancestry and a more complex dynamic. Lastly, we were able to detect and successfully annotated 123 GBS loci (10.5%) under positive selection. The gene ontology (GO) analysis implicated candidate genes under selection with genome reorganization, neuropeptides, and energy mobilization. We discuss how these findings could be related to recent outbreaks and suggest how new efforts directed to better understand P. guildinii population dynamics.
Engineering hydrogels with affinity-bound laminin as 3D neural stem cell culture systems
Authors: Barros Daniela , Conde-Sousa Eduardo , Gonçalves Andreia M. , Han Woojin M. , García Andrés J. , Amaral Isabel F. , Pêgo Ana P.
Published: October 2019

Degradable synthetic hydrogels with site-selective immobilized laminin constitute attractive platforms for hNSC culture in 3D or for cell transplantation.
Polydopamine modification of silk fibroin membranes significantly promotes their wound healing effect
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lu Leihao , Chen Yuping , Wang Jie , Chen Yuyin , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: October 2019

Natural polymer-based wound dressings have gained great attention in skin tissue engineering.
Network topology and cavity confinement-controlled diastereoselectivity in cyclopropanation reactions catalyzed by porphyrin-based MOFs
Authors: Epp Konstantin , Bueken Bart , Hofmann Benjamin J. , Cokoja Mirza , Hemmer Karina , De Vos Dirk , Fischer Roland A.
Published: October 2019

In this work, we show that the stereoselectivity of a reaction can be controlled by directing groups of substrates, by network topology and by local cavity confinement of metal–organic framework (MOF) catalysts.
High-efficiency half-Heusler thermoelectric modules enabled by self-propagating synthesis and topologic structure optimization
Authors: Xing Yunfei , Liu Ruiheng , Liao Jinchen , Zhang Qihao , Xia Xugui , Wang Chao , Huang Hui , Chu Jing , Gu Ming , Zhu Tiejun , Zhu Chenxi , Xu Fangfang , Yao Dongxu , Zeng Yuping , Bai Shengqiang , Uher Ctirad , Chen Lidong
Published: October 2019

Combined high performance of self-propagating synthesized materials and topological structures optimization, half-Heusler single-stage module and half-Heusler/Bi2Te3 segmented module attained record-high conversion efficiencies of 9.6% and 12.4%.
Metal oxide-based supercapacitors: progress and prospectives
Authors: An Cuihua , Zhang Yan , Guo Huinan , Wang Yijing
Published: October 2019

We investigate the principal elements affecting the properties of bimetallic oxide electrodes to reveal the relevant energy storage mechanisms.
Control of electron tunnelling by fine band engineering of semiconductor potential barriers
Authors: Zhao Yunhao , Cai Chenyuan , Zhang Yi , Zhao Xuebing , Xu Yingqiang , Liang Chongyun , Niu Zhichuan , Shi Yi , Che Renchao
Published: October 2019

Elementary segregation and diffusion could be utilized in band engineering to modulate potential barriers for the control of electron tunnelling.
Synthetic route-dependent intramolecular segregation in heteroarm core cross-linked star polymers as Janus-like nanoobjects
Authors: Ahn Nam Young , Seo Myungeun
Published: October 2019

Polymerization-induced intramolecular segregation can be realized during the “in–out” synthesis of heteroarm core cross-linked star polymers to facilitate well-defined microphase separation.
Commiphorines A and B, unprecedented sesquiterpenoid dimers from Resina Commiphora with striking activities on anti-inflammation and lipogenesis inhibition
Authors: Dong Lu , Qin Da-Peng , Di Qian-Qian , Liu Ying , Chen Wei-Lin , Wang Shu-Mei , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: October 2019

Commiphorines A (1) and B (2), two dimeric sesquiterpenoids featuring unusual polycyclic systems, and two intermediates 3 and 4, were isolated from Resina Commiphora.
Tannic acid modulates intestinal barrier functions associated with intestinal morphology, antioxidative activity, and intestinal tight junction in a diquat-induced mouse model
Authors: Wang Meiwei , Huang Huijun , Liu Shuang , Zhuang Yu , Yang Huansheng , Li Yali , Chen Shuai , Wang Lixia , Yin Lanmei , Yao Yuanfeng , He Shanping
Published: October 2019

The concentration of 2.5 mg kg−1 TA can ameliorate diquat-challenged jejunal injury in mice.
Palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling for the synthesis of α-amino ketones
Authors: Wei Xiao-Hong , Li Zhen-Hua , Zhao Lian-Biao , Zhang Ping , Zhou Han-Cheng , Wang Yan-Bin
Published: October 2019

A novel oxidative cross-coupling reaction for the synthesis of α-aryl α-amino ketones in the presence of palladium catalysts using T+BF4− as an oxidant has been developed.
Asymmetric faradaic assembly of Bi2O3and MnO2for a high-performance hybrid electrochemical energy storage device
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Sahoo Rakesh K. , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Yun Je Moon , Mane Rajaram S. , Chung Wonsub , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: October 2019

A hybrid electrochemical energy storage device assembled with faradaic Bi2O3and MnO2electrodes exhibits superior electrochemical performance with a high energy density of 79 W h kg−1at a power density of 702 W kg−1.
Rechargeable Zn2+/Al3+ dual-ion electrochromic device with long life time utilizing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-nanocluster modified hydrogel electrolytes
Authors: Eric Hopmann , Li Haizeng , Adulhakem Y. Elezzabi
Published: October 2019

A novel electrochromic energy storage device based on a long-lifetime DMSO-modified hydrogel electrolyte.
Optimization of the electron transport in quantum dot light-emitting diodes by codoping ZnO with gallium (Ga) and magnesium (Mg)
Authors: Kim Hong Hee , Kumi David O. , Kim Kiwoong , Park Donghee , Yi Yeonjin , Cho So Hye , Park Cheolmin , Ntwaeaborwa O. M. , Choi Won Kook
Published: October 2019

Optimized QD-LEDs are fabricated using Ga–Mg-codoped ZnO NPs as ETL, which reached the LEmax and PEmax at 15.4 cd A−1 and 10.3 lm W−1.
Demand‐side management for smart grid via diffusion adaptation
Authors: Latifi Milad , Khalili Azam , Rastegarnia Amir , Bazzi Wael M. , Sanei Saeid
Published: October 2019

This study presents a novel fully distributed and cooperative demand side management framework based on adaptive diffusion strategy. In this approach, each customer autonomously and without any need for the global information, minimises his incommodity function. The proposed framework has ability to track drifts resulting from the changes in the customer preferences and conditions or any rapidly changing price parameter coming from the wholesale market. In this scenario, the customers aim at maximising their individual utility functions; while the utility company aims at minimising the smart grid total payment (i.e. maximisation of the social welfare). The authors show that there is no need for the utility company to participate in the scheduling program for maximising social welfare. This measurement is maximised adaptively when the customers minimise their incommodity. Moreover, the authors provide a detailed analysis of the robustness of the proposed strategy in the presence of imperfect communication/computation conditions. Numerical results show that the proposed framework performs well, is scale free, and can achieve lower peak‐to‐average ratio of the total energy demand compared with that achieved by the game theoretical methods.
The γ-ray sky seen at X-ray energies
Authors: Marchesini E. J. , Paggi A. , Massaro F. , Masetti N. , D’Abrusco R. , Andruchow I. , de Menezes R.
Published: October 2019

Context. BL Lac objects are an extreme type of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that belong to the largest population of γ-ray sources: blazars. This class of AGNs shows a double-bumped spectral energy distribution that is commonly described in terms of a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission process, whereas the low-energy component that dominates their emission between the infrared and the X-ray band is tightly connected to the high-energy component that peaks in the γ-rays. Two strong connections that link radio and mid-infrared emission of blazars to the emission in the γ-ray band are well established. They constitute the basis for associating γ-ray sources with their low-energy counterparts.

Aims. We searched for a possible link between X-ray and γ-ray emissions for the subclass of BL Lacs using all archival Swift/XRT observations combined with Fermi data for a selected sample of 351 sources.

Methods. Analyzing ∼2400 ks of Swift/XRT observations that were carried out until December 2018, we discovered that above the γ-ray flux threshold Fγ ≈ 3 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, 96% of all Fermi BL Lacs have an X-ray counterpart that is detected with signal-to-noise ratio > 3.

Results. We did not find any correlation or clear trend between X-ray and γ-ray fluxes and/or spectral shapes, but we discovered a correlation between the X-ray flux and the mid-infrared color. Finally, we discuss on a possible interpretation of our results in the SSC framework.
Heilerde richtig anwenden
Authors: Heilmann-Wagner Elke
Published: October 2019

Heilerde kann äußerlich und innerlich angewendet werden. Äußerlich ist sie bei verschiedenen akuten und chronischen Indikationen hilfreich.
Erde
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: October 2019

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Prüfungsfragen mit dem Heftthema Erde.
Zöliakie
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: October 2019

Bei ZÖliakie schädigt Gluten die Dünndarmschleimhaut Betroffener. Symptome kÖnnen gastro- und extraintestinal sein. Eine absolut glutenfreie Ernährung ist notwendig, damit die Dünndarmschleimhaut funktionsfähig bleibt.
MOBI beim Hund
Authors: Scharwey Reinhold , Süße Stefanie , Zohmann Andreas
Published: October 2019

MOBI © ist eine neurophysiologische Behandlungstechnik zur Rehabilitation von Neuropathien und orthopädischen Problemen. Ziel ist es, pathologische wieder in physiologische Bewegungsmuster zurückzuführen. MOBI ist angelehnt an die humanmedizinische propriozeptive neuromuskuläre Fazilitation (PNF). Diese basiert u. a. auf Kommunikation mit dem Patienten und dessen aktiver Mitarbeit. Dem Hund können wir jedoch nicht sagen, wie er beispielsweise sein linkes Bein strecken oder beugen soll. Wie also übertragen wir die PNF auf das Tier?
Refluxdiagnostik − Pro DMSA
Authors: Haid Bernhard
Published: October 2019

Der vesikoureterale Reflux als radiologisches Phänomen tritt heutzutage, was die Planung der weiteren Therapie betrifft, gegenüber dem assoziierten Risiko für weitere Harnwegsinfekte und Nierenfunktionsverlust in den Hintergrund. Während die konventionelle und sonografische Miktionszysturethrografie der Goldstandard im bloßen Nachweis des vesikoureteralen Refluxes darstellen, spielt die Dimercaptosuccinylsäure-Szintigrafie eine wesentliche Rolle in der Risikostratifizierung. Überdies dient sie zum sicheren Nachweis einer Nierenmitbeteiligung bei fieberhaften Harnwegsinfekten in unklaren Situationen. Bei älteren Kindern ist sie der Standard in der Primärdiagnostik, sie erlaubt weiters den Nachweis eines okkulten Refluxes. Somit ist die Dimercaptosuccinylsäure-Szintigrafie ein wesentliches Werkzeug in der Diagnostik beim vesikoureteralen Reflux.
Patientenrechte in Deutschland
Authors: Schmale-Grede Rotraut , Eis Sabine , Faubel Ursula
Published: October 2019

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die individuellen Rechte von Patientinnen und Patienten in Deutschland. Die Patientenrechte wurden 2013 im Patientenrechtegesetz kodifiziert. Sie fußen auf dem grundrechtlich geschützten Selbstbestimmungsrecht, das absichert, dass Patienten über ihre Behandlung frei entscheiden können. Mehr als 50 % der Patienten wollen Entscheidungen gemeinsam mit ihrem Arzt treffen. Das Recht auf Aufklärung, auf Kostentransparenz, auf freie Arztwahl, auf Akteneinsicht und auf Zweitmeinung unterstützen das Selbstbestimmungsrecht. Patienten haben außerdem das Recht auf Behandlung nach dem Facharztstandard und können Schadenersatz einfordern, wenn ein Behandlungsfehler passiert ist. Die Deutsche Rheuma-Liga sieht die Notwendigkeit, die Situation von Patienten weiter zu verbessern durch bessere Information von Patienten im Arzt-Patienten-Gespräch, bessere Aufklärung bei Selbstzahlerleistungen (sogenannte IGeL-Angebote), durch rechtliche Regelung der Beweislastumkehr im Schadenfall, und durch die Sicherung von Patientenrechten bei digitalen Gesundheitsleistungen.
Routinedaten aus Notaufnahmen: Unterschiedliche Dokumentationsanforderungen, Abrechnungsmodalitäten und Datenhalter bei identischem Ort der Leistungserbringung
Authors: Greiner Felix , Slagman Anna , Stallmann Christoph , March Stefanie , Pollmanns Johannes , Dröge Patrik , Günster Christian , Rosenbusch Marie-Luise , Heuer Joachim , Drösler Saskia E. , Walcher Felix , Brammen Dominik
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Nicht nur im Kontext der Neuordnung der Notfallversorgung in Deutschland besteht derzeit ein hoher Bedarf an Daten aus Notaufnahmen. Für die Versorgungsforschung bieten sich Daten an, welche auf gesetzlicher Grundlage generiert werden. Unterschiedliche Kostenträger und Abrechnungsmodi stellen eigene Anforderungen an die Dokumentation dieser Routinedaten.

Methodische Herausforderungen Aufgrund der sektoralen Trennung gibt es keinen Datensatz oder Datenhalter, der Auskunft über alle Notaufnahmebehandlungen geben kann. Aus administrativer Sicht gilt die gesamte Notaufnahmebehandlung als ambulant oder stationär, tatsächlich wird die Entscheidung darüber erst während der Versorgung getroffen. Für die stationäre Versorgung existiert ein administratives Notfallkennzeichen, allerdings kein direktes Merkmal für Notaufnahmebehandlungen. Bei Abrechnung ambulanter Fälle über die kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen ist mindestens eine Diagnose (ICD-10-Kode) zu erfassen, versehen mit einem Kennzeichen zur Diagnosesicherheit. Es können mehrere ICD-10-Kodes ohne Hierarchie angegeben werden. Bei stationär behandelten Patienten ist eine Aufnahmediagnose und nach Behandlungsende die Hauptdiagnose und ggf. Nebendiagose(n) an die zuständige Krankenkasse zu übermitteln. Die gesetzliche Unfallversicherung hat eigene Dokumentationsanforderungen.

Lösungsansätze Je nach Forschungsfrage und Studiendesign sind unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen erforderlich. Stammen die Daten unmittelbar aus Notaufnahmen bzw. Kliniken ist eine Information über den Kostenträger und den Abrechnungsmodus hilfreich. Bei Nutzung von Krankenkassendaten muss die Identifikation von stationär behandelten Patienten in einer Notaufnahme aktuell indirekt erfolgen. Dazu können unter anderem die Parameter Aufnahmegrund und definierte „eindeutige“ Notfall-Diagnosen herangezogen werden. Die fallpauschalenbezogene Krankenhausstatistik hat eigene Limitationen, enthält dafür aber die stationären Fälle aller Kostenträger.

Diskussion Die divergierenden Anforderungen an die administrative Dokumentation verursachen einen hohen Aufwand in den Kliniken. Perspektivisch ist eine Vereinheitlichung der Leistungserfassung und Dokumentation von Notfallbehandlungen aller Kostenarten auch zur Generierung von validen, vergleichbaren und repräsentativen Daten für die Versorgungsforschung erstrebenswert. Die Einführung eines eigenen Fachabteilungsschlüssels würde zur Identifikation von Notaufnahmebehandlungen beitragen.
Prädiktoren der Teilnahmebereitschaft von Jugendlichen in Langzeitstudien: Ergebnisse der Ohrkan Kohortenstudie zur Freizeitlärmexposition
Authors: Gerstner Doris , Alsaeedi Taghreed , Jenkac Christina , Weilnhammer Veronika , Heinze Stefanie , Herr Caroline Eva Wella
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund und Ziel In Kohortenstudien kann der Verlust von Teilnehmern während der Nachbeobachtungsphasen zu Verzerrungen führen, wenn sich Teilnehmer und Nichtteilnehmer unterscheiden. Viele Studien haben den Einfluss soziodemografischer und gesundheitlicher Faktoren auf die Teilnahmebereitschaft untersucht, es liegen jedoch nur relativ wenige Studien für schulbasierte Kohorten vor. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Bestimmung von Prädiktoren der Teilnahmebereitschaft im Rahmen der Ohrkan Kohortenstudie, die die Exposition von Jugendlichen gegenüber Freizeitlärm und mögliche Effekte auf das Hörvermögen im Zeitverlauf untersucht.

Methoden Die Daten dieser Studie basieren auf den Angaben der Ohrkankohorte (n=2148), die 2009–2011 (O-I) unter den Neuntklässlern weiterführender Schulen in Regensburg rekrutiert und 2012–14 (O-II) und 2015–16 (O-III) nachbefragt wurde.

Ergebnisse Die Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit in O-II und O-III war höher für Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund, die zu Studienbeginn das Gymnasium besuchten und deren Eltern ein höheres Bildungsniveau hatten oder zusammenlebten. Auch nahmen Personen, die in den letzten 2,5 Jahren ihren Wohnort nicht gewechselt hatten, 3-mal so häufig teil wie Befragte mit Wohnortwechsel.

Schlussfolgerung Die Kenntnis von Merkmalen der Studienteilnehmer, die die Teilnahmebereitschaft vorhersagen, ermöglicht durch gezielte Ansprache den Verlust von Studienteilnehmern zu reduzieren bzw. die statistische Korrektur von fehlenden Daten.
Zertifizierung: „Teledermatologie (DDA)“
Authors: Elsner P. , Fritz K. , Strömer K.
Published: October 2019

Telemedizin (E-Health) ist die Verwendung von Telekommunikationstechnologien zum Austausch medizinischer Informationen für Diagnostik, Konsultation, Therapie und Lehre. Das Fachgebiet der Dermatologie eignet sich aufgrund seiner morphologisch-bildbasierten Diagnostik in besonderer Weise für telemedizinische Anwendungen, die als „Teledermatologie“ bezeichnet werden. Diese bieten ein erhebliches Potenzial sowohl für Diagnostik, Prävention, Therapiebegleitung und Nachsorge von Krankheiten der Haut und für den Austausch (Teledermatologisches Konsil) mit anderen Ärzten und Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe. Spezifische Fortbildungsangebote für Dermatologen in der Teledermatologie fehlten bisher.

Die Deutsche Dermatologische Akademie (DDA) hat daher mit dem Zertifikat „Teledermatologie (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot auf diesem zukunftsträchtigen Teilgebiet der Dermatologie geschaffen.

Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Teledermatologie (DDA)“ werden flexibel in von der DDA zertifizierten Modulen vermittelt, die insgesamt mindestens 8 Stunden umfassen sollten; diese können im Rahmen dermatologischer Fortbildungsveranstaltungen angeboten werden.

Die Module sollen interaktiv gestaltet sein; bestimmend sind die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel (2 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden.
Endoscopic management of Lynch syndrome and of familial risk of colorectal cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: van Leerdam Monique E. , Roos Victorine H. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Balaguer Francesc , Dekker Evelien , Kaminski Michal F. , Latchford Andrew , Neumann Helmut , Ricciardiello Luigi , Rupińska Maria , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Tanis Pieter J. , Wagner Anja , Jover Rodrigo , Pellisé Maria
Published: October 2019

Main Recommendations

ESGE recommends that individuals with Lynch syndrome should be followed in dedicated units that practice monitoring of compliance and endoscopic performance measures.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.

ESGE recommends starting colonoscopy surveillance at the age of 25 years for MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers and at the age of 35 years for MSH6 and PMS2 mutation carriers.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.

ESGE recommends the routine use of high-definition endoscopy systems in individuals with Lynch syndrome.

Strong recommendation, high quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.

ESGE suggests the use of chromoendoscopy may be of benefit in individuals with Lynch syndrome undergoing colonoscopy; however routine use must be balanced against costs, training, and practical considerations.

Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 89 %.

ESGE recommends definition of familial risk of colorectal cancer as the presence of at least two first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer or at least one first-degree relative with colorectal cancer before the age of 50 years.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 92 %.

ESGE recommends colonoscopy surveillance in first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients in families that fulfill the definition of familial risk of colorectal cancer.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence, level of agreement 100 %.
Dermatoglyphic Patterns Among Adolescents of the Ebira Ethnic Group of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Abdullateef Onoruoiza , Danborno Barnabas , Timbuak James Abrak
Published: October 2019

Dermatoglyphics have been widely studied and have been shown to vary across different ethnic populations. The present study investigates the dermatoglyphic patterns among adolescents of the Ebira ethnic group through selected dialects. A total of 591 subjects, both males and females, participated in the study. Prints were collected by conventional ink and roller method and read using hand magnifying lens. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and the chi-squared test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The result of the study showed that the three dialects had similar distribution of fingerprint patterns in the order ulnar loop > whorl > arch > radial loop. The fingerprint pattern showed strong statistical association with gender both within and across the dialects (p < 0.001). The palmar crease of the subjects showed the normal palmar crease to be the most prevalent (87%), followed by the Sidney crease (9%), and the Suwon crease (4%) being the least prevalent for both palms across the dialects. There was strong association with palm crease type and gender, with p < 0.001. The triradii angles of the palms revealed a mean value of acute angles. Females had significantly higher mean atd angles compared with male subjects, while males had significant higher mean dat angles compared with females for the three dialects. The adt angle, however, showed no significant mean difference between males and females. In conclusion, the present study evaluated the fingerprint patterns, the palmar creases and the triradii angles conforming anthropological similarities within these three dialects. However, gender differences were observed for the three dialects, with Ebira-Tao and Ebira-Etuno exhibiting shared patterns.
Narkosegase: Der Katalysator furs Krankenhaus
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: October 2019

Wenn umweltbewusste Klinikmanager ihr Krankenhaus in Sachen CO2-Einsparungen optimieren wollen, werden sie zunächst an Themen wie alternative Stromproduktion oder die Optimierung der Gebäudehülle denken. In Kliniken verbergen sich aber auch Klimakiller, die bisher eher wenig Beachtung gefunden haben: die Narkosegase. Zwei neue Methoden versprechen Abhilfe.
IT-Sicherheit: „Absolute Sicherheit gibt es nicht“
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: October 2019

Nach dem Angriff auf das Netzwerk des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes, von dem elf Krankenhäuser und vier Altenpflegeeinrichtungen betroffen waren, ist das Thema IT-Sicherheit in aller Munde. Im Gespräch mit kma erläutert Jürgen Flemming, Vorstandsmitglied des Bundesverbands KH-IT, wie sicher die IT-Landschaft in Kliniken ist.
Apps für klinische studien: Fragebögen waren gestern
Authors: Schmitt Jasmin
Published: October 2019

Von derzeit etwa drei Milliarden Apps erfüllen laut App Market Explorer etwa 142 000 Gesundheits- bzw. medizinische Zwecke. Verschiedene Unternehmen und Institutionen, allen voran Apple, wollen diesen riesigen Datenschatz für die medizinische Forschung heben.