bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver resection in patients with eight or more colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Viganò L , Capussotti L , Majno P , Toso C , Ferrero A , De Rosa G , Rubbia-Brandt L , Mentha G
Published: December 2014

Background

Patients with large numbers of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) are potential candidates for resection, but the benefit from surgery is unclear.

Methods

Patients undergoing resection for CRLMs between 1998 and 2012 in two high-volume liver surgery centres were categorized according to the number of CRLMs: between one and seven (group 1) and eight or more (group 2). Overall (OS) and recurrence-free (RFS) survival were compared between the groups. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify adverse prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 849 patients were analysed: 743 in group 1 and 106 in group 2. The perioperative mortality rate (90 days) was 0·4 per cent (all group 1). Median follow-up was 37·4 months. Group 1 had higher 5-year OS (44·2 versus 20·1 per cent; P < 0·001) and RFS (28·7 versus 13·6 per cent; P < 0·001) rates. OS and RFS in group 2 were similar for patients with eight to ten, 11–15 or more than 15 metastases (48, 40 and 18 patients respectively). In group 2, multivariable analysis identified three preoperative adverse prognostic factors: extrahepatic disease (P = 0·010), no response to chemotherapy (P = 0·023) and primary rectal cancer (P = 0·039). Patients with two or more risk factors had very poor outcomes (median OS and RFS 16·9 and 2·5 months; 5-year OS zero); patients in group 2 with no risk factors had similar survival to those in group 1 (5-year OS rate 44 versus 44·2 per cent).

Conclusion

Liver resection is safe in selected patients with eight or more metastases, and offers reasonable 5-year survival independent of the number of metastases. However, eight or more metastases combined with at least two adverse prognostic factors is associated with very poor survival, and surgery may not be beneficial.
Survival after pelvic exenteration for T4 rectal cancer
Authors: Kusters M , Austin K K S , Solomon M J , Lee P J , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Rutten H J T
Published: December 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to analyse retrospectively the pooled results after pelvic exenteration for locally advanced T4 rectal cancer. Historically, patients with T4 rectal cancers requiring pelvic exenteration have been offered only palliative surgery or no operation.

Methods

The basic treatment principle was preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, radical surgery and, in some patients, adjuvant chemotherapy. Risk factors for local recurrence, distant metastases and overall survival were studied in univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Ninety-five patients with T4 rectal cancer who underwent pelvic exenteration in two tertiary referral centres up to 2013 were studied. Clear margins (R0) were achieved in 87 per cent of patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 33 per cent, independent of the resection margin, lymph node status and postoperative T category. The 5-year local recurrence rate was 17 per cent, with a distant metastasis rate of 16 per cent and overall survival rate of 62 per cent. In multivariable analysis the only factor associated with death was omission of adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0·016). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was more pronounced in the elderly: patients aged over 70 years who had chemotherapy had a 5-year overall survival rate of 80 per cent, compared with 39 per cent of elderly patients who did not receive chemotherapy (P = 0·019).

Conclusion

Pelvic exenteration led to an R0 resection rate of 87 per cent for T4 rectal cancer, giving good local control and overall survival comparable to population-based colorectal cancer survival rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve overall survival further, even in the elderly.
Radial glia phagocytose axonal debris from degenerating overextending axons in the developing olfactory bulb
Authors: Amaya Daniel A. , Wegner Michael , Stolt C. Claus , Chehrehasa Fatemeh , Ekberg Jenny A.K. , St John James A.
Published: December 2014

Axon targeting during the development of the olfactory system is not always accurate, and numerous axons overextend past the target layer into the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb. To date, the fate of the mis‐targeted axons has not been determined. We hypothesized that following overextension, the axons degenerate, and cells within the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb phagocytose the axonal debris. We utilized a line of transgenic mice that expresses ZsGreen fluorescent protein in primary olfactory axons. We found that overextending axons closely followed the filaments of radial glia present in the olfactory bulb during embryonic development. Following overextension into deeper layers of the olfactory bulb, axons degenerated and radial glia responded by phagocytosing the resulting debris. We used in vitro analysis to confirm that the radial glia had phagocytosed debris from olfactory axons. We also investigated whether the fate of overextending axons was altered when the development of the olfactory bulb was perturbed. In mice that lacked Sox10, a transcription factor essential for normal olfactory bulb development, we observed a disruption to the morphology and positioning of radial glia and an accumulation of olfactory axon debris within the bulb. Our results demonstrate that during early development of the olfactory system, radial glia play an important role in removing overextended axons from the deeper layers of the olfactory bulb. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:183–196, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive and Guided Mastery Therapies for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: 18‐Year Long‐Term Outcome and Predictors of Long‐Term Change
Authors: Hoffart Asle , Hedley Liv M. , Svanøe Karol , Sexton Harold
Published: December 2014

In this study, we wished to compare the long‐term outcome of (medication‐free) panic disorder with agoraphobia patients randomized to cognitive or guided mastery therapy. Thirty‐one (67.4%) of 46 patients who had completed treatment were followed up about 18 years after end of treatment. In the combined sample and using intent‐to‐follow‐up analyses, there were large within‐group effect sizes of −1.79 and −1.63 on the primary interview‐based and self‐report outcome measures of avoidance of situations when alone, and 56.5% no longer had a panic disorder and/or agoraphobia diagnosis. No outcome differences between the two treatments emerged. Guided mastery was associated with greater beneficial changes in catastrophic beliefs and self‐efficacy. For two of five outcome measures, more reduction in panic‐related beliefs about physical and mental catastrophes from pre‐ to post‐treatment predicted lower level of anxiety from post‐treatment to 18‐year follow‐up when the effect of treatment changes in (a) self‐efficacy and (b) anxiety was controlled. However, for one of the outcome measures, this effect attenuated with time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The results suggest that the very‐long‐term outcome of both cognitive therapy and guided mastery therapy for agoraphobia is positive.

The results support the role of catastrophic beliefs as mediator of change.

The pattern of results suggests that learning processes other than catastrophic beliefs may be important for long‐term outcome as well.
Diasporas in Dialogue: Lessons from Reconciliation Efforts in African Refugee Communities
Authors: Tint Barbara , Chirimwami Vincent , Sarkis Caroline
Published: December 2014

This article presents the African Diaspora Dialogue Project (ADDP), a five‐year capacity‐building project that conducted needs assessment, dialogue groups, dialogue facilitator training, and community‐led peace‐building processes for multiple refugee communities from Africa. ADDP, conducted in the United States, was created to address historical grievances that had traveled with community members into the diaspora. Particular challenges facing refugee communities were addressed, culturally congruent peace‐building models were developed and implemented, and participants were trained to become community facilitators. A framework for dialogue was developed as well as lessons learned so that other communities may consider embarking on similar processes.
Left ventricular mechanical function: clinical correlates, heritability, and association with parental heart failure
Authors: Cheng Susan , McCabe Elizabeth L. , Larson Martin G. , Chen Ming‐Huei , Osypiuk Ewa , Lehman Birgitta T. , Stantchev Plamen , Aragam Jayashri , Solomon Scott D. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: December 2014

Aims

Non‐invasive measures of cardiac mechanical function may have the potential to serve as markers of risk for heart failure; however, limited data exist regarding clinical correlates and heritability of these measures in the community.

Methods and results

We used speckle‐tracking echocardiography to assess LV strain and synchrony in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 2816; mean age 67 years, 54% women). In multivariable regression analyses, male gender (vs. female, P < 0.001), higher heart rate (P < 0.0001), and presence of cardiovascular disease (P < 0.001) were associated with worse global peak strains across all planes analysed (longitudinal, transverse, circumferential, and radial). Higher diastolic blood pressure and diabetes were associated with worse longitudinal strain (P < 0.01), and greater body mass index was associated with worse radial strain (P = 0.0004). Overall, however, clinical correlates accounted for only 4–19% of the variation in measures of LV mechanical function. Select measures of LV strain were heritable: longitudinal strain (h2 = 16%, P = 0.002), transverse strain (h2 = 15%, P = 0.006), and circumferential strain (h2 = 30%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, in a subset of 1437 participants with parental data available, parental heart failure was associated with worse circumferential strain in the offspring free of heart failure (P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Our investigation in a large community‐based sample identified heritablity and clinical correlates of LV mechanical function, and highlighted an association of parental heart failure with worse global circumferential strain in offspring.
A Meta‐analytic Integration and Test of Psychological Climate Dimensionality
Authors: Benzer Justin , Horner Margaret
Published: December 2014

There is no consensus as to what constructs should be considered to be psychological climate. Further, there is no clear taxonomy of psychological climate, although the climate literature suggests that psychological climate perceptions should form higher‐order (i.e., abstract, broad) dimensions. Two meta‐analyses have been conducted to evaluate higher‐order frameworks, but neither study tested the psychometric structure of their hypothesized models. The current meta‐analysis estimated the intercorrelations and criterion‐related validity of 23 psychological climate constructs in order to test the theoretical frameworks proposed by prior meta‐analyses. Confirmatory factor analyses supplemented by a method analogous to item‐to‐scale correlations indicated little empirical support for the a priori frameworks. Results suggest that that psychological climate may be parsimoniously represented by two dimensions. Task climate was most strongly indicated by supervisor goal setting, innovation, and organizational responsiveness. Relational climate was most strongly indicated by work group warmth and social rewards. A path analysis was estimated to test whether job satisfaction partially mediated the association between psychological climate and the outcomes of job performance, turnover intentions, and psychological well‐being. Results provide guidance to researchers and practitioners interested in measuring perceptions of the work environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ward v. Wilbanks: Counselor Educators Respond
Authors: Burkholder David , Hall Stephanie F. , Burkholder Jessica
Published: December 2014

This article investigated 71 counselor educators' perspectives and pedagogical practices related to Ward v. Wilbanks (2009) and the American Counseling Association (ACA) response to the case. The authors used qualitative content analysis to identify 6 themes from survey data: (a) views on gatekeeping and student training; (b) perceptions of Julea Ward and Eastern Michigan University; (c) values, skills, and competency; (d) reactions to ACA policy on referral; (e) initiation of ethical responsibility to client; and (f) Ward v. Wilbanks: impact on the profession.
The Career Development Quarterly: A 22‐Year Publication Pattern Metastudy
Authors: Crockett Stephanie A. , Byrd Rebekah , Erford Bradley T.
Published: December 2014

Patterns of articles published in The Career Development Quarterly (CDQ) from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed in this metastudy. Author characteristics (e.g., gender, employment setting, nation of domicile) and article characteristics (e.g., topic, type, design, sample, sample size, participant type, statistical procedures and sophistication) were described and analyzed for trends over time. Significant changes were noted in increased proportions of female authors, international contributors, research articles, more sophisticated research designs, and decreased numbers of practitioner‐authors. These trends highlight a robust journal that continues to evolve to address changing career development and counseling challenges.
Themes That Facilitate the Success of Female Counselors in Specialty Areas
Authors: Rehfuss Mark C. , Gambrell Crista E.
Published: December 2014

As the profession of counseling continues to grow and expand, counselors’ careers are diversifying across specialty areas and practice settings often led by women. However, information regarding how these women accomplished this career expansion is lacking. The authors used a qualitative case study to identify 8 themes that influenced and empowered female counselors to develop careers that successfully extended into specialty areas: (a) managing family and career choices, (b) the importance of mentors, (c) overcoming career obstacles, (d) parental support with expectations, (e) integrating experiences with passions, (f) overcoming personal life challenges, (g) a sense of uniqueness, and (h) resourcefulness.
Sensitivity and economic analysis of a catalytic distillation process for alkylation desulfurization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline
Authors: Ha Ying , Guo Benshuai , Li Yonghong
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND

The issues of gasoline desulfurization are becoming more important because the regulated sulfur limits are being set lower and lower. Among the new desulfurization technologies, the olefin alkylation of thiophenic sulfur (OATS) process is more attractive than hydrodesulfurization because of its mild operating conditions and low loss of octane number. In this work, a sensitivity analysis and an economic analysis of a catalytic distillation process for alkylation desulfurization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline are presented. The objective is to evaluate the effects of various design and operating parameters on the OATS process by using a realistic FCC gasoline fraction.

RESULTS

A sensitivity analysis performed for operating pressure, reflux ratio, bottom flow rate, feed conditions, number of separate stages, number of reactive stages, catalyst weight, feed location, reactive zone position, and an economic analysis based on total annual costs (TAC) for these variables were studied.

CONCLUSION

The results show the qualitative environmental and economic effect of several design variables and operating conditions on the OATS process and provide a direction to the further design. In addition, more attention should be paid to feed flow rate control. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
On the Maxwell constants in 3D
Authors: Pauly Dirk
Published: December 2014

Dedicated to Martin Costabel on the occasion of his 65th birthdayUsing tools from functional analysis, we show that for bounded and convex domains in three dimensions, the Maxwell constants are bounded from below and above by Friedrichs' and Poincaré's constants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Allen–Cahn equation with dynamic boundary conditions and mass constraints
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Fukao Takeshi
Published: December 2014

The Allen–Cahn equation, coupled with dynamic boundary conditions, has recently received a good deal of attention. The new issue of this paper is the setting of a rather general mass constraint, which may involve either the solution inside the domain or its trace on the boundary. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations can be formulated as a variational inequality. The presence of the constraint in the evolution process leads to additional terms in the equation and the boundary condition containing a suitable Lagrange multiplier. A well‐posedness result is proved for the related initial value problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A STRUCTURAL MODEL OF PARENT INVOLVEMENT WITH DEMOGRAPHIC AND ACADEMIC VARIABLES
Authors: Choi Namok , Chang Mido , Kim Sunha , Reio Thomas G.
Published: December 2014

Parental involvement is well documented as a significant contributor to the self‐efficacy and academic achievement of students. A structural equation model of parent involvement with family socioeconomic status, student gender, parents’ aspirations for their children, mathematics efficacy, and mathematics achievement was tested to examine whether parent involvement in the 10th grade remains relevant to achievement. A sample of data pertaining to 8,673 10th graders from the Educational Longitudinal Study was analyzed. The results indicated that the fit of the measurement model to the data was good (χ2 = 3081.62, df = 87, p = .0, normed fit index [NFI] = .96, comparative fit index [CFI] = .96, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .064), as was the structural model (χ2 = 3470.69, df = 94, p = .00, NFI = .96, CFI = .96, RMSEA = .065). Although the effect was small in magnitude, parent involvement in advising had a significant indirect relationship with mathematics achievement via mathematics efficacy of 10th graders.
ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF PARENT–TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS FOR STUDENTS WITH ADHD
Authors: Mautone Jennifer A. , Marcelle Enitan , Tresco Katy E. , Power Thomas J.
Published: December 2014

Family involvement in education, including the quality of family–school communication, has been demonstrated repeatedly to have a substantial effect on child development and success in school; however, measures of this construct are limited. The purpose this study was to examine the factor structure and concurrent validity of the Quality of the Parent–Teacher Relationship, a subscale of the Parent–Teacher Involvement Questionnaire, in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 260 parents and teachers of children diagnosed with ADHD in Grades kindergarten to 6. Results provided support for a two‐factor model, consisting of separate factors for parents and teachers, and correlational findings provided support for concurrent validity. This measure appears to have utility in assessing parent–teacher relationships and evaluating the effectiveness of family–school interventions.
Methane oxidation by anaerobic archaea for conversion to liquid fuels
Authors: Mueller Thomas J , Grisewood Matthew J , Nazem-Bokaee Hadi , Gopalakrishnan Saratram , Ferry James G , Wood Thomas K , Maranas Costas D
Published: December 2014

Given the recent increases in natural gas reserves and associated drawbacks of current gas-to-liquids technologies, the development of a bioconversion process to directly convert methane to liquid fuels would generate considerable industrial interest. Several clades of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) are capable of performing anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). AOM carried out by ANME offers carbon efficiency advantages over aerobic oxidation by conserving the entire carbon flux without losing one out of three carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the key enzymes involved in AOM (i.e., methyl-coenzyme M reductase), the ecological niches of a number of ANME, the putative metabolic pathways for AOM, and the syntrophic consortia that they typically form.
Building Theory at the Intersection of Ecological Sustainability and Strategic Management
Authors: Borland Helen , Ambrosini Véronique , Lindgreen Adam , Vanhamme Joëlle
Published: December 2014

This article builds theory at the intersection of ecological sustainability and strategic management literature—specifically, in relation to dynamic capabilities literature. By combining industrial organization economics–based, resource-based, and dynamic capability–based views, it is possible to develop a better understanding of the strategies that businesses may follow, depending on their managers’ assumptions about ecological sustainability. To develop innovative strategies for ecological sustainability, the dynamic capabilities framework needs to be extended. In particular, the sensing–seizing–maintaining competitiveness framework should operate not only within the boundaries of a business ecosystem but in relation to global biophysical ecosystems; in addition, two more dynamic capabilities should be added, namely, remapping and reaping. This framework can explicate core managerial beliefs about ecological sustainability. Finally, this approach offers opportunities for managers and academics to identify, categorize, and exploit business strategies for ecological sustainability.
Nutrient resorption of Castanopsis eyrei varies at the defoliation peaks in spring and autumn in a subtropical forest, Anhui, China
Authors: Li Peng , Han Wenxuan , Zhang Chi , Tian Di , Xu Xiaoniu , Fang Jingyun
Published: December 2014

Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves is a key nutrient conservation strategy in many ecosystems. In evergreen broad‐leaved forests, nutrient resorption occurs with concomitant defoliation almost year‐round. However, it is unclear whether nutrient resorption efficiency (NuRE) varies in different defoliation seasons for evergreen broad‐leaved trees and how it may relate to soil nutrient availability. Castanopsis eyrei is a dominant tree species in evergreen broad‐leaved forests in southern China, with distinct bimodal patterns of defoliation in spring and autumn. We investigated seasonal variation of the resorption efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) of C. eyrei leaf and its relationship with soil mineral N by measuring the concentrations in leaf, leaf litter, and soil for two consecutive years. We hypothesized that leaf NuRE should be higher in seasons with low soil nutrient availability. We found that on average, soil mineral N content was 38.5 % lower during the autumn defoliation peak than in spring, and N and P concentrations in leaf litter at the spring defoliation peak were 10.0 and 26.7 % higher than at the autumn peak. Nitrogen NuRE at the autumnal defoliation peak was 5.1 % higher than that at the spring peak (49.3 vs 44.2 %), and the phosphorus NuRE in autumn was 6.8 % higher than that in spring (77.6 vs 69.8 %). Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between soil nutrient availability and NuRE and that the dynamics in NuRE should be incorporated into modeling of biogeochemical cycling in evergreen forest ecosystems with a bimodal defoliation pattern.
An Anatomic Study on Whether the Patella is Centered in an Ideal Anteroposterior Radiograph of the Knee
Authors: Ajuwon Ademola A. , Desai Ronak , Farhang Kathleen , Lasko Colin E. , Liu Raymond W.
Published: December 2014

Background

Currently, an anteroposterior radiograph of the knee is judged based on a centered position of the patella between the femoral condyles. We are not aware of any anatomic literature supporting this recommendation.

Questions/Purposes

Orthogonal images are required for accurate assessment of knee deformity. Although an image with the patella centered at the distal femur is generally accepted as a true anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the knee, there is minimal anatomic data to support that this view is orthogonal to a true lateral view of the knee where the condyles are overlapped. We designed an anatomical study to test the relationship between these two radiographic views.

Methods

We studied 428 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Centering of the patella was calculated based on distal femoral and patellar widths. Multiple regression analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between patellar centering and age, gender, ethnicity, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femoral anteversion, and contralateral centering.

Results

Average patellar centering was 0.13 ± 0.04, indicating that the average patella was laterally positioned in the distal femur. Only mLDFA and contralateral centering showed statistically significant independent correlations with patellar centering with modest standardized beta coefficients of 0.10 and 0.23, respectively.

Conclusions

In the average specimen, the patella is laterally deviated by 13% of the condylar width. Clinicians should be aware that a lateral view with the femoral condyles overlapped is not always orthogonal to a patella-centered AP view when planning and implementing deformity correction.
Microstructure and Interfacial Reactions During Vacuum Brazing of Stainless Steel to Titanium Using Ag-28 pct Cu Alloy
Authors: Laik A. , Shirzadi A. A. , Sharma G. , Tewari R. , Jayakumar T. , Dey G. K.
Published: December 2014

Microstructural evolution and interfacial reactions during vacuum brazing of grade-2 Ti and 304L-type stainless steel (SS) using eutectic alloy Ag-28 wt pct Cu were investigated. A thin Ni-depleted zone of

$$\alpha $$

α

-Fe(Cr, Ni) solid solution formed on the SS-side of the braze zone (BZ). Cu from the braze alloy, in combination with the dissolved Fe and Ti from the base materials, formed a layer of ternary compound

$$\tau _2$$

τ
2

, adjacent to Ti in the BZ. In addition, four binary intermetallic compounds, Cu

$$_3$$

3

Ti

$$_2$$

2

, Cu

$$_4$$

4

Ti

$$_3$$

3

, CuTi and CuTi

$$_2$$

2

formed as parallel contiguous layers in the BZ. The unreacted Ag solidified as islands within the layers of Cu

$$_3$$

3

Ti

$$_2$$

2

and Cu

$$_4$$

4

Ti

$$_3$$

3

. Formation of an amorphous phase at certain locations in the BZ could be revealed. The

$$\beta $$

β

-Ti(Cu) layer, formed due to diffusion of Cu into Ti-based material, transformed to an

$$\alpha $$

α

-Ti + CuTi

$$_2$$

2

eutectoid with lamellar morphology. Tensile test showed that the brazed joints had strength of 112 MPa and failed at the BZ. The possible sequence of events that led to the final microstructure and the mode of failure of these joints were delineated.
Facing up to the Bear: Confronting Putin's Russia
Authors: Freudenstein Roland
Published: December 2014

Under the autocratic rule of Vladimir Putin, Russia has become fundamentally antagonistic to the West, and it will not become cooperative in the near future. The Russian regime wants to secure its own authoritarian power structure, recreate an empire and weaken the West. It has developed a new set of instruments, such as hybrid warfare and projecting political influence, to which the West still has to find the right answer. However, the project of strengthening the West to face this massive threat must be undertaken. NATO and the EU will have to find innovative answers. What is crucial is finding the political will to do so.
Different schedules of bowel preparation with sodium phosphate lead to different bowel cleansing effects and adenoma detection rates at colonoscopy
Authors: Kang Jui‐Wen , Chuang Chiao‐Hsiung , Chen Chiung‐Yu , Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Chang Wei‐Lun , Chen Wei‐Ying , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Sheu Bor‐Shyang
Published: December 2014

Background

Adequate bowel preparation is an important quality indicator of colonoscopy. This study validated whether the bowel cleansing quality and adenoma detection rate (ADR) could be different between two bowel preparation schedules in individuals receiving health examinations.

Methods

We enrolled individuals who had received a colonoscopy as part of the regimen for their health checkup program with split‐dose phosphosoda for bowel preparation. Prior to December 31, 2012, the second dose of phosphosoda was administered at 10:00 pm before the day of the colonoscopy and the individuals were defined as the 10‐pm group. After January 1, 2013, the schedule was changed to 4:00 am the same day as the colonoscopy and was defined as the 4‐am group. The bowel cleansing quality was assessed using the Aronchick scale.

Results

A total of 431 individuals were included, 259 in the 10‐pm group and 172 in the 4‐am group. The 4‐am group individuals had a higher rate of excellent or good bowel cleansing quality as compared with the 10‐PM group (77.3% vs. 22%, respectively; p < 0.001). The ADR was also higher in the 4‐am group than in the 10‐pm group (36% vs. 25.5%, respectively; p = 0.019).

Conclusion

Modifying the time schedule of bowel preparation could improve bowel cleansing quality and increase the colonic ADR in a health management center.
A Māori approach to management: Contrasting traditional and modern Māori management practices in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mika Jason Paul , O'Sullivan John Gerard
Published: December 2014

This is a conceptual article located in the discourses of indigeneity, post-colonialism and critical management studies in which we seek to renew interest in Māori management as a distinctive form of management within Aotearoa New Zealand. We discuss defining Māori management and Māori organisations and their relevance for today's organsiations in New Zealand and internationally. We examine differences and similarities between Western and Māori management in terms of the four functions of management adapted from principles first proposed by Fayol in 1949. We propose a theoretical model of Māori management and discuss the implications of Māori management for management research, policy and practice.
Special issue: Present achievements and new frontiers in space plasmas
Authors: Passot T. , Califano F.
Published: December 2014

Space plasma physics, pushed by the impressive recent technological developments, is undergoing a period of intense progress. This progress is achieved first at the level of observations, including both remote and in situ measurements, but also on the theoretical side, mainly by means of large scale numerical simulations made possible by the dramatic increase of computational resources. In particular, three-dimensional mainly hybrid but also fully kinetic simulations are today feasible, and large intervals in spatial and time scales can at last be accessed by fluid simulations. Addressing fundamental problems such as, e.g. magnetic reconnection, nonlinear dynamics or turbulence development in the kinetic range, are no longer just a heart's desire today.
Real-time multiview data fusion for object tracking with RGBD sensors
Authors: Amamra Abdenour , Aouf Nabil
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a new approach to accurately track a moving vehicle with a multiview setup of red–green–blue depth (RGBD) cameras. We first propose a correction method to eliminate a shift, which occurs in depth sensors when they become worn. This issue could not be otherwise corrected with the ordinary calibration procedure. Next, we present a sensor-wise filtering system to correct for an unknown vehicle motion. A data fusion algorithm is then used to optimally merge the sensor-wise estimated trajectories. We implement most parts of our solution in the graphic processor. Hence, the whole system is able to operate at up to 25 frames per second with a configuration of five cameras. Test results show the accuracy we achieved and the robustness of our solution to overcome uncertainties in the measurements and the modelling.
Inertial manifolds and finite-dimensional reduction for dissipative PDEs
Authors: Zelik Sergey
Published: December 2014

This paper is devoted to the problem of finite-dimensional reduction for parabolic partial differential equations. We give a detailed exposition of the classical theory of inertial manifolds as well as various attempts to generalize it based on the so-called Mañé projection theorems. The recent counter-examples showing that the underlying dynamics may in a sense be infinite dimensional if the spectral gap condition is violated, as well as a discussion of the most important open problems, are also included.
Estimates on the non-real eigenvalues of regular indefinite Sturm–Liouville problems
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Chen Shaozhu , Philipp Friedrich , Qi Jiangang
Published: December 2014

Regular Sturm–Liouville problems with indefinite weight functions may possess finitely many non-real eigenvalues. In this paper we prove explicit bounds on the real and imaginary parts of these eigenvalues in terms of the coefficients of the differential expression.
The effect of changes in visibility and price on fruit purchasing at a university cafeteria in Lima, Peru
Authors: Cárdenas María Kathia , Benziger Catherine P , Pillay Timesh D , Miranda J Jaime
Published: December 2014

Objective

To determine the effect of increasing fruit visibility, adding information and lowering price on fruit purchasing at a university cafeteria in Lima, Peru.

Design

Quasi-experimental pilot study of a three-phase stepped intervention. In Phase 1, fruit was displayed >3 m from the point of purchase with no additional information. Phase 2 consisted in displaying the fruit near the point of purchase with added health and price information. Phase 3 added a 33 % price reduction. The duration of each phase was 3 weeks and phases were separated by 2-week breaks. Primary outcomes were total pieces of fruit and number of meals sold daily.

Setting

A university cafeteria in Lima, Peru.

Subjects

Approximately 150 people, students and non-student adults, who purchased food daily. Twelve students participated in post-intervention interviews.

Results

Fruit purchasing doubled from Phase 1 to Phase 3 (P<0·01) and remained significant after adjusting for the number of meals sold daily (P<0·05). There was no evidence of a difference in fruit sold between the other phases. Females purchased 100 % of the fruit in Phase 1, 82 % in Phase 2 and 67 % in Phase 3 (P<0·01). Males increased their purchasing significantly between Phase 1 and 3 (P<0·01). Non-student adults purchased more fruit with each phase (P<0·05) whereas students did not. Qualitatively, the most common reason for not purchasing fruit was a marked preference to buy unhealthy snack foods.

Conclusions

Promoting fruit consumption by product placement close to the point of purchase, adding health information and price reduction had a positive effect on fruit purchasing in a university cafeteria, especially in males and non-student adults.
Fish Erythrocytes as Biomarkers for the Toxicity of Sublethal Doses of an Azo Dye, Basic Violet-1 (CI: 42535)
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Kaur Arvinder
Published: December 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate poikilocytosis in Labeo rohita (an important food fish) as an early indicator of stress due to an azo dye, Basic Violet-1 (CI: 42535). This dye was observed to be very toxic to test fish (96 h LC50 as0.45 mg/L dye). Fish were given short-term (96 h) and subchronic (150 days) exposures to the dye, and poikilocytosis was recorded under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light microscopy helped in identification of micronuclei along with irregularities, notches, blebs, lobes, crenation, clumps, chains, spherocytes, vacuolation, and necrosis in erythrocytes. However, SEM indicated shrinkage, oozing of cytoplasm, and several new abnormal shapes including marginal foldings, discocytes, keratocytes, dacrocytes, degmacytes, acanthocytes, echinocytes, protuberances, stomatocytes, drepanocytes, holes in the membrane, stippling/spicules, crescent-shaped cells, triangular cells, and pentagonal cells. Earlier studies speculated changes in the membrane to be responsible for clumping and chaining of erythrocytes, whereas the present SEM study clearly indicates that oozing out of cytoplasm is also responsible for the formation of chains and clumps. This study also shows that erythrocytes exhibit pathological symptoms before the appearance of other external symptoms such as abnormal behavior or mortality of fish. There was a dose- and duration-dependent increase; therefore, poikilocytosis, especially echinocytes, spherocytes, and clumps, can act as a biomarker for the stress caused by azo dyes.
Measuring Treatment Response in an Outpatient Pediatric Pain Program
Authors: Lynch-Jordan Anne M. , Sil Soumitri , Cunningham Natoshia Raishevich , Joffe Naomi , Slater Shalonda K. , Tran Susan T. , Crosby Lori E.
Published: December 2014

The primary outcome in many treatment studies for pediatric chronic pain has been reduced pain intensity, but it is well documented that several facets of chronic pain, including poor coping and functional disability, negatively impact daily functioning and mood. Given recent attention to defining and collecting evidence-based clinical outcomes, it is important to develop feasible methods of measuring these behavioral outcomes in clinical settings. This article describes the process of translating empirically derived measures of pain intensity, pain coping efficacy, and functional disability into clinical practice and provides a first step toward developing an indicator for classifying “positive treatment response” for patients completing a course of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) for pain management. Patients ( n = 100, ages 8–18 years) completed outcome measures of disability, coping, and pain intensity during every CBT treatment session. A treatment response indicator was created to represent a positive treatment response to CBT appropriate for clinical settings: 25% decrease in disability OR 40% increase in pain coping efficacy OR 30% decrease in pain intensity at the end of active treatment. Results showed that 75% of patients met criteria for a positive treatment response. Specifically, 60% achieved a 25% reduction in FDI, 34% ended active treatment with a 40% or greater increase in pain coping efficacy, and 44% achieved a 30% reduction in average pain intensity. This study describes the process of using outcome measures to measure positive treatment response in pediatric behavioral pain management.
The role of dapoxetine hydrochloride on-demand for the treatment of men with premature ejaculation
Authors: De Hong Cao , Ren Liu Liang , Yu Huang , Qiang Wei
Published: December 2014

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction. Dapoxetine hydrochloride, belonging to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or, was the first drug originally approved for the on-demand treatment of men with PE. We aimed to compare the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), patient-reported global impression of change (PGIC) and adverse effect (AE) incidence associated with the use of dapoxetine (30 mg and 60 mg) versus placebo and evaluate the differences in administering 60 mg versus 30 mg as on-demand medical oral therapy for the treatment of PE via a literature review and meta-analysis. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library) databases. Ultimately, a total of seven RCTs with 8039 patients were included. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that dapoxetine (in the 30 mg and 60 mg subgroup) resulted in significantly higher IELT, PGIC and AE incidence relative to the placebo, with higher proportions observed for 60 mg versus 30 mg of dapoxetine administration. The most common AEs were mild and tolerable. We conclude that dapoxetine (particularly the 60 mg dosage) may be considered a safe and effective drug for patients with PE.
3-(2,6-Dichloro-benzyloxy)-11-oxo-olean-12-ene-29-oic acid, a semisynthetic derivative of glycyrrhetic acid: synthesis, antiproliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis activity
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Guru Santosh K. , Jain Shreyans K. , Pathania Anup Singh , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Bhushan Shashi , Bharate Sandip B.
Published: December 2014

The synthesis and biological evaluation of the semisynthetic analogs of glycyrrhetic acid are described.
“AND” luminescent “reactive” molecular logic gates: a gateway to multi-analyte bioimaging and biosensing
Authors: Romieu Anthony
Published: December 2014

This feature article focuses on the recent development of “AND” luminescent molecular logic gates, in which the optical output is produced in response to multiple (bio)chemical inputs and through cascades of covalent bond-modifying reactions triggered by target (bio)analytes, for biosensing and bioimaging applications in complex media.
Designing the syntheses and photophysical simulations of noncentrosymmetric compounds
Authors: Cheng Wen-Dan , Lin Chen-Sheng , Luo Zhong-Zhen , Zhang Hao
Published: December 2014

The designs of NCS compounds based on the normal development of NCS chromophores are presented and NLO properties are investigated.
Copper-catalyzed aerobic synthesis of bisaryl ketones from alkynes via the cleavage of C–C triple bonds
Authors: Gu Lijun , Zhang Hongtao
Published: December 2014

A novel copper-catalyzed aerobic synthesis of bisaryl ketones from 1,2-diarylalkynes via the cleavage of C–C triple bonds is reported.
Effect of the biobased linear long-chain monomer on crystallization and biodegradation behaviors of poly(butylene carbonate)-based copolycarbonates
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhu Wenxiang , Li Chuncheng , Zhang Dong , Xiao Yaonan , Guan Guohu , Zheng Liuchun
Published: December 2014

In this work, high-molecular-weight poly(butylene carbonate)-based copolycarbonates with highly enhanced crystallization property were successfully prepared, by randomly copolymerizing with a biobased linear long-chain aliphatic diol.
Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers
Authors: Liu Tuan , Nie Yongxing , Zhang Liangdong , Chen Ruoshi , Meng Yan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: December 2014

Dependence of epoxy toughness on the backbone structure of hyperbranched polyether modifiers was investigated.
High-throughput microfluidic platform for adherent single cells non-viral gene delivery
Authors: Occhetta P. , Malloggi C. , Gazaneo A. , Redaelli A. , Candiani G. , Rasponi M.
Published: December 2014

Microfluidic platform for the high-throughput screening of gene delivery vectors and optimization of the transfection protocols at a single cell level.
Role of organic solvent addition to ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium–sulphur batteries
Authors: Xiong Shizhao , Scheers Johan , Aguilera Luis , Lim Du-Hyun , Xie Kai , Jacobsson Per , Matic Aleksandar
Published: December 2014

A mixed organic solvent/ionic liquid electrolyte combined the beneficial properties of both worlds, high capacity and high safety, through the local arrangement around the Li-ion.
TiO2 interpenetrating networks decorated with SnO2 nanocrystals: enhanced activity of selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Chen Minjun , Yang Jianping , Liu Yong , Li Wei , Fan Jianwei , Ran Xianqiang , Teng Wei , Sun Yu , Zhang Wei-xian , Li Guangming , Dou Shi Xue , Zhao Dongyuan
Published: December 2014

Highly branched SnO2-decorated TiO2 interpenetrating network architectures were fabricated with superior denitration catalytic activity over a broad temperature range.
Mussel-inspired tailoring of membrane wettability for harsh water treatment
Authors: Wang Zhen-Xing , Lau Cher-Hon , Zhang Nai-Qing , Bai Yong-Ping , Shao Lu
Published: December 2014

Simultaneous polymerization of dopamine and hydrolysis of commercial γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane can endow membranes with exceptional wettability towards harsh water treatment.
Thienoacene dimers based on the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety: synthesis, characterization and electronic properties
Authors: Niebel Claude , Kim Yeongin , Ruzié Christian , Karpinska Jolanta , Chattopadhyay Basab , Schweicher Guillaume , Richard Audrey , Lemaur Vincent , Olivier Yoann , Cornil Jérôme , Kennedy Alan R. , Diao Ying , Lee Wen-Ya , Mannsfeld Stefan , Bao Zhenan , Geerts Yves H.
Published: December 2014

Two thienoacene dimers based on the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety were efficiently synthesized for use in OFETs.
Highly sensitive chiral recognition of amino propanol in serum with R-mandelic acid-linked calix[4]arene modified graphene
Authors: Mao Xiaowei , Zhao Haiyang , Luo Li , Tian Demei , Li Haibing
Published: December 2014

An efficient chiral discrimination system for amino propanol enantiomers was reported based on R-mandelic acid calix[4]arene (FC4D) clicked graphene.
Pushing limits by embracing complexity
Authors: Wolkenhauer Olaf
Published: December 2014

In this essay, celebrating the tenth anniversary of this journal, the author describes his journey, from being an engineering student to being a researcher in the biomolecular and biomedical sciences. Along the way, he is going to explain how he learned that handling the complexity of biological systems and cellular processes can provide guidance in situation we all face in our everyday life. In particular, he has in mind the decisions one faces in choosing the topic for a University degree and how to deal with the uncertainty when it comes to career decisions. Looking back at a decade of mathematical modelling in the biological and biomedical sciences, he is going to consider the role mathematical abstraction has played in systems biology and the role theory should play in systems medicine. By describing his own journey, he hopes to encourage young engineers and scientists to follow an interdisciplinary path.
Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies
Authors: Ruiz-Osés M. , Schubert S. , Attenkofer K. , Ben-Zvi I. , Liang X. , Muller E. , Padmore H. , Rao T. , Vecchione T. , Wong J. , Xie J. , Smedley J.
Published: December 2014

Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This work focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K2CsSb. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K2CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.
Badiou's Biopolitics: The Human Animal and the Body of Truth
Authors: Prozorov Sergei
Published: December 2014

The paper addresses Alain Badiou's attempts to overcome the biopolitical tendency in contemporary Western societies by redefining politics as a ‘truth procedure’, transcending the mere existence of human beings and exposing them to the dimension of eternal truths. I argue that Badiou's account of the formation of the ‘body of truth’ fails to break with the biopolitical logic and instead corresponds to Agamben's definition of biopolitics in terms of the inclusive exclusion of bare life from the political order of ‘good life’. While Badiou's claims to overcome biopolitics are problematic, his politics of truth nonetheless exemplifies a genuine alternative to the ‘democratic-materialist’ biopolitics that he criticizes. Through a reading of Badiou's account of the generation of truths I demonstrate that the content of truths is neither arbitrary nor transcendent in relation to the bodies of human beings but rather affirms their ontological equality against every form of hierarchy or exclusion. Badiou's ‘body of truth’ is thus nothing other than the living bodies themselves, plus the truth of their equality. Insofar as in this figure ‘good life’ and ‘mere life’ become indistinct, Badiou's politics of truth accords with Agamben's idea of affirmative biopolitics of a life inseparable from its form.