bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilingual Practices in Internet Discourse on the Social Network “Facebook” (An Analysis of Written Language of Russophone Women Living in Finland)
Authors: Viimaranta Johanna , Maslova Anastasia
Published: January 2021

Russian speakers make up the biggest group of foreign-language speakers in Finland. Their use of Finnish words in
Russian discourse can be interpreted as an example of multilingual practices, such as code-switching. It can also be
viewed as an example of how loanwords are assimilated. While speakers of Russian in Finland are part of a worldwide internet community, they also represent a local community that can have a language form of its own. This article presents an analysis of about 500 cases of Finnish lexical items and word combinations usage in written Russian (260 different lemmas). The material for the research was selected from written internet discourse of a Russophone community on Facebook, a social media platform. Members of this community are Russian women who have been living in Finland for some time. The Finnish words were studied in the context of posts and replies to them. The 475 Finnish words found amounted to 4 % of the total 12,022 words used in the source. The analysis of the material took into account semantic and grammatical features of the items. Semantic features included the categories of proper nouns, terms and other words related to life in Finland. The grammatical analysis began by studying the choice of writing system, i.e. whether the units retained their original spelling which is either in Latin or in Cyrillic. After that, the Finnish words that had been transliterated were studied for the presence or lack of declension as compared to the Russian norm in similar uses. It was suggested that the tendency not to decline Finnish words written both in Cyrillic and Latin in the discourse also affected the syntactic positions in which they were used, making positions that did not require declension overrepresented. The number of examples subjected to the assimilation rules for loanwords in Russian (transliteration and using declension) was small. Therefore, most of the examples represent code-switching, a natural consequence of those living in Finland, and provide evidence for the existence of a local version of Russian.
Stream Sediment Geochemical Survey on Metamorphic Rock, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Authors: Tonggiroh Adi
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The aim of this research is to conduct surface geological mapping to determine the lithologies that underlies the linear geochemical characteristics of Ag, As, Cd, Co,Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn by using stream sediment data. Furthermore, to know the distribution of these elements lithologically in the area. This study uses 10 sediment stream samples of 80 mesh up to 100 mesh which then chemical elements are analyzed with AAS. Alteration mineralization occcurs in quartz chlorite geneiss: quartz, epidote, chlorite, muscovite, sericite, calcite, monmorillonite, pyrite, sphalerite, bornite and chalcopyrite. Based on linearity analysis elements are grouped into three according to the significant value of 0.3 to 0.9, which are significant elements Ni, Pb=Cu=Zn and As, abundant elements in lateralization and sulphide mineralization. The geochemical characteristics of the Ni element reflect the associated distribution of ultramafic weathering which results are transported regionally and together with other elements as stream sediments. While Pb, Cu, Zn are related to quartz veins in metamorphic or intrusive rocks.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose in an Industrial Area, Dumai City, Riau, Indonesia.
Authors: Mairizki Fitri , Angga Risti Putri , Putra Arief Yandra
Published: January 2021

Groundwater is the main water resource especially for daily water needs.  Population growth and urbanization have increased demand for water while the availability of groundwater has decreased both in quality and quantity. Various human activities also produce industrial, agriculture and municipal waste that can pollute groundwater through leaching process. The purposes of this study are to determine the quality of groundwater around tofu industrial factory and its evaluation for drinking water based on Health Minister Regulation No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 and Government Regulation No.82 2001.The temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured by using YSI-Pro. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were measured based on SNI 06-6989.2.2009 test method and SNI 06-698.72.2009 test method, respectively. Physically, groundwater had temperature average 28,60C, TDS 243 mg/L and EC 396 µS/cm. Almost all groundwater were acidic with pH average 5,6 and did not meet the drinking water quality requirements. Groundwater had COD average 78 mg/L, BOD average 36 mg/L and it were classified into moderate-heavy pollution. It indicated that groundwater may have been contaminated by organic material from tofu industrial wastewater. Therefore, groundwater should not be used as a source of drinking water.
Erythrinin C, From The Root of Pueraria Peduncularis, is a Potential Antagonist Against DHODH, A Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An In Silico Study
Authors: Abolarinwa Toluwalase
Published: January 2021

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the second most common form of leukaemia with an annual incidence of 3.6 per 100,000 adults in the United States. A 5-year survival rate of a person with AML is less than 50%. Myeloid leukemogenesis has been reported to arise by a differentiation arrest at early progenitor stage of hematopoietic maturation of the bone marrow; this has led researchers to identify the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) to be a therapeutic target in the differentiation therapy for AML. Several inhibitors of DHODH have been developed; however only a few have reached clinical trials of which include Brequinar, a strong DHODH inhibitor. Brequinar has reached a phase 2 clinical trials, however, several complication and toxicities have been reported in phase 1 clinical trials in patients with solid tumours. This ranges from myelosupression, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, skin rashes, mucositis, and this limit its use in AML. In view of this, research is focused on identifying potent DHODH inhibitors with little or no toxic effect that can be used in the differentiation therapy of AML. Pueraria peduncularis belongs to the Leguminosae family and it is widely distributed in some parts of China, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Burma. A recent study has accessed and reported that flavonoids from root of Pueraria peduncularis have anti-tumour effects against cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to analyse flavonoids from (plant source) root of Pueraria peduncularis for their DHODH inhibitory potential via computational docking studies. For this, four (4) flavonoids (phytochemicals), as well as the DHODH co-crystallized inhibitor, BAY 2402234 which serve as the standard in the present study, were retrieved from the literature and screened for their inhibitory effects on DHODH. Erythrinin C was the lead compound with a binding energy of -11.395kcal/mol. Computational docking and scoring analysis were performed using Lead Finder tool implemented in Flare software of Cresset Inc. (2019, Litlington, UK). The target was validated to ensure that the right target was used for this analysis.
Norm-Conserving Pseudopotentials and Basis Sets to Explore Actinide Chemistry in Complex Environments
Authors: Lu Jun-Bo , Cantu David , Xu Cong-Qiao , Nguyen Manh-Thuong , Hu Han-Shi , Glezakou Vassiliki-Alexandra , Rousseau Roger , Li Jun
Published: January 2021

We have developed a new set of norm-conserving pseudopotentials and companion Gaussian basis sets for the actinide (An) series (Ac - Lr) using the Goedecker, Teter and Hutter (GTH) formalism with the Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). To test the accuracy and reliability of the newly parameterized An-GTH pseudopotentials and basis sets, a variety of benchmarks on actinide-containing molecules are carried out and compared to all-electron and available experimental results. The new pseudopotentials include both medium- ([Xe]4f14) and large-core ([Xe]4f145d10) options that have successfully reproduced structures and energetics, particularly redox processes. The medium-core size set, in particular, reproduce all-electron calculations over multiple oxidation states from 0 to VII, whereas the large-core set is suitable only for the early series elements and low oxidation states. The underlying reason for these transferability issues are discussed in detail. This work fills a critical void in the literature for studying the chemistry of 5f-block elements in condensed phase.
Extensive Crystallographic Fragment-Based Approach to Design SARS CoV2 3CLpro Main Protease Inhibitors and Related Metadata
Authors: Ahmad Sarfraz , Abdullah Iskandar , Lee Yean Kee , Nazir Mamoona , Mirza Muhammad Usman , Trant John F. , Rahman Noorsaadah Binti Abd
Published: January 2021

3CLpro is a vital protein for the SARS-CoV-2 replications and its inhibition using small molecules is a bona fide approach used to develop new drugs against the virus. In this study, a comprehensive crystallography-guided fragment-based drug discovery approach was employed to design new inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Protein Data Bank was explored to find small molecules cocrystallized with SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The fragments sitting in the binding pocket (87) were interactively coupled using various linkers with the intention to get molecules having the same orientation as those of the constituting fragments. In total, 1251 couples were prepared and converted to maximum possible stereoisomers using LigPrep for screening using Glide (standard precision and extra precision), AutoDock Vina, and Prime MMGBSA. Top 22 hits having conformations similar to their cocrystallized fragments were selected for MD simulation on Desmond. MD simulation suggested that 15 hits had conformations very close to their constituting fragments. Results indicated that these hits were computationally reliable and could be considered for further development. This suggests that the study could provide a benchmark starting point for the further design of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors with improved binding (data provided).
Topology Effects in Molecular Organic Electronic Materials: Pyrene and Azupyrene
Authors: Klein Benedikt P. , Ruppenthal Lukas , Hall Samuel J. , Sattler Lars E. , Weber Sebastian M. , Herritsch Jan , Jaegermann Andrea , Maurer Reinhard , Hilt Gerhard , Gottfried Michael
Published: January 2021

Pyrene derivatives play a prominent role in organic electronic devices, including field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, and solar cells. The flexibility in the desired properties has previously been achieved by variation of substituents at the periphery of the pyrene backbone. In contrast, the influence of the topology of the central pi-electron system on the relevant properties such as the band gap or the fluorescence behavior has not yet been addressed. In this work, pyrene is compared with its structural isomer azupyrene, which has a pi-electron system with nonalternant topology. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and other methods, it is shown that the electronic band gap of azupyrene is by 0.72 eV smaller than that of pyrene. The difference of the optical band gaps is even larger with 1.09 eV, as determined by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. The nonalternant nature of azupyrene is also associated with a more localized charge distribution, as can be seen in 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance shifts, as well as the C1s core-level shifts. Further insight is provided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the molecular properties and ab initio coupled cluster calculations of the optical transitions. The concept of aromaticity is used to interpret DFT-based structures and for the theoretical assignment of the vibrational modes of the infrared spectra, where major topology-related differences are apparent.
A Frustrated [Mn18] Wheel-of-Wheels
Authors: Coletta Marco , Tziotzi Thomais , Gray Mark , Nichol Gary , Singh Mukesh , Milios Constantinos J. , Brechin Euan
Published: January 2021

A [Mn18] wheel of wheels is obtained from the reaction of MnBr2 and LH3 in MeOH. The metallic skeleton reveals two asymmetric [MnIII6MnII2] squares connected into a wheel via two apical MnII ions. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetisation data reveal competing exchange interactions, supported by computational studies revealing spin frustration.
Knowledge and awareness of precision medicine among dental students
Authors: Bipin M  , Jeevitha M  , Kavitha S
Published: January 2021

Precision medicine is an emerging approach for the treatment of diseases and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle of a person. Although the term precision medicine is relatively new, the concept has been a part of healthcare for many years. This study focuses especially to evaluate the knowledge on characteristics of precision medicine among dental students. The aim of this study is to analyse the knowledge and awareness of Precision medicine among dental students. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental students through a self-administrated questionnaire. The responses had been collected and statistically analysed. 61% of the study population were aware of Precision medicine and surprisingly, 82% of the respondents came across this term precision medicine. This study concludes that the dental students were aware of the term precision medicine, but they were not well aware of the role of precision medicine in the medical field.
Postoperative Infection and Its Management Strategies - Review
Authors: Naveenaa N  , Geetha R V  , Leslie Rani S
Published: January 2021

Post-operative infection still remains as a challenging one which occurs during the postoperative course. This can cause mild to severe complications and can even lead to death. Due to which this leads to serious consequences like expanded expenses in hospitals because of increased hospital stay and treatment. The area is marked to have pain, tenderness, edema and even discharges like pus is seen. The commonly involved organisms include the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas species and E.coli. The risk of acquiring the infection differs from one person to another. The paces of these infections differ from hospital to hospital and the site of contamination might be limited to a stitch line or might extend into the operative sight. The postoperative infections are combated by providing antibiotic prophylaxis before, during and after the surgery. The main challenge associated is the antibiotic resistance by the bacterial species, so it becomes difficult to evaluate the sound techniques for treating these infections. So this can be prevented by following pre-operative, intraoperative, post-operative surgical techniques. Proper strategies must be used to prevent and control these infections. The aim of this review is to analyze the postoperative infections and their management strategies.
Multi-functional integrated technical support platform of aircraft maintenance
Authors: Kirpichev I. G. , Petrov D. V. , Сhinyuchin Yu. M.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the formation of complex tasks of information support processes of development, manufacturing and subsequent mass long-term operation of new and advanced aircraft, aimed at further development of innovative approaches to integrated cross-industry system (platform) after-sales support of technical and flight-technical operation of civil aircraft. The article reveals the content of the main tasks focused on ensuring and managing flight safety in civil aviation of Russia and interrelated with the recommendations and legislative requirements of Annex 19 to the ICAO Convention and the Safety Management Manual. The most important factor in this case is to take into account the most complex requirements for the flight safety management system associated with maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft as a mode of transport of particular risk of use. The analysis was carried out and the General Scheme of the Multifunctional Integrated Platform was developed within the framework of the Information and Analytical Support System for the technical operation of aircraft components in relation to the scientific and production enterprise "Aerosila". The developed integrated platform realized in this air enterprise and providing information support on the allocated main functional modules is presented: the module "Safety Management System"; the module "Quality System"; the module "Certification" on the allocated objects of certification. As a result, a common information and analytical system was built, taking into account the degree of its implementation in the conditions of “Aerosila” air enterprise.
关于“资本总公式的矛盾”的讨论——与卫兴华先生商榷
Authors: 曹 志文 , 林 孝丽 , 谢 元态
Published: January 2021

卫兴华先生提出《政治经济学教材可以不讲“资本总公式的矛盾”》，笔者认为这是关系到资本总公式在政治经济学的地位和作用问题。论文对“资本总公式的前提条件”“G—W—G′是否是资本总公式”“资本总公式的流通形式与内容”“资本总公式矛盾”的分析问题、关于“劳动价值论拓展”和“资本总公式的矛盾淡出”问题等五个方面主要观点与其商榷，并论证了资本总公式在本科教科书不可或缺。
微信营销在体验式消费行业的应用研究——以珠海御温泉为例
Authors: 孙 莉莉
Published: January 2021

经济水平的不断提高、中产阶级的崛起以及80后、90后等年轻一代逐渐步入消费高峰期，消费者的消费习惯由之前的重价格逐渐转移到现在的重体验、重品质，在这个过程中体验式营销也应运而生。在体验式营销的众多方式中，微信营销以其强大的社交属性、巨大的用户数量和灵活的营销方式占据了举足轻重的地位。以珠海御温泉作为体验式消费案例，研究了御温泉的微信营销模式，为其它企业开展体验式营销提供一定的借鉴。
金融集聚与区域经济增长的理论与实证研究——以粤港澳大湾区为例
Authors: 张 靖 , 黄 文菁 , 何 林 , 赵 昕乐
Published: January 2021

粤港澳大湾区作为新时期中国共产党和国家立足于社会经济长效、创新发展层面上提出的全新战略，对于实现中国的中国特色社会事业和中国的伟大复兴有着重大的作用。该战略能构建形成全新的金三角发展基地，随着经济一体化不断深入以及金融监管机构切实的政策实施，粤港澳大湾区金融核心圈呼之欲出。论文以粤港澳大湾区为例，对金融集聚与区域经济增长的理论与实证做了研究分析。
社保及其他非税收入征管问题及建议
Authors: 汤 磊
Published: January 2021

非税收入为政府财政收入做出了重要贡献。论文对当前的非应税收入征收管理问题进行了分析和研究，并在此基础上提出了合理的建议。
事业单位人力资源管理激励机制的构建路径探索
Authors: 孙 海峰
Published: January 2021

在中国，事业单位的人力资源管理涉及的内容比较多，具体的工作程序较为繁杂。而且随着新时期的到来，社会对事业单位的人力资源管理提出了更高的要求，这种情况下，迫切需要事业单位采取积极有效的激励机制，强化工作人员的工作热情，在单位内部营造积极向上的工作氛围，这样不但有效提升单位内部的总体管理效率，而且还可以进一步强化事业单位的社会服务功能，为社会发展提供动力支持。论文主要论述了事业单位在人力资源管理激励机制的实施过程中存在的问题，并重点探究了加强激励机制建设和应用的有效途径，旨在为事业单位的长远发展提供更加强大的内在支持。
论企业安全文化的重要性
Authors: 张 朋 , 袁 珊花 , 王 鹏 , 高 欣
Published: January 2021

随着中国经济的快速发展，中国的社会主义建设已经达到了新的高度，公共管理将迎来更大的挑战。其中企业的安全文化的管理模式显得尤为重要。安全文化已经成为中国全面开展企业建设的重点任务，目前原有的企业的安全文化管理模式已经不能满足现代企业安全生产标准化的要求。   因此，安全是亘古不变的一个永恒的话题，对于一个企业来说，安全是企业长久稳定发展的根本保证。而安全文化在企业安全发展的过程中起到了举足轻重的作用，多个成功企业的例子证明了这一点。
浅析促进企业内训绩效提升的策略方法
Authors: 张 倩
Published: January 2021

企业内训长期以来面临着需求分析脱离业务实际、培训内容形式较为单一、培训效果难以落地等共性问题。笔者通过分析上述问题，立足适用于企业内训的相关教学原理，从夯实培训需求调研、优化内容整合与训练方法、激发学员内生驱动力等三个方面分析了促进企业内训绩效提升的策略方法，旨在完善企业内训机制，促进专业化运作，确保充分发挥企业内训的巨大价值与重要作用。
基于规模化建设的高校公房管理机制研究
Authors: 苏 杰
Published: January 2021

为加强学校公用房屋的使用管理，提升房屋资源的使用效益，论文结合学校新校区建设和校本部提升办学条件改扩建工程的逐步实施，将实际需求与基础建设相匹配，根据学校学科板块布局，按照“统筹规划、标准配置、相对集中、动态灵活”原则进行规划研究，形成适合学校发展的、合理的房屋使用规划方案，同时建立一套行而有效的管理机制，实现以增量带动存量调整，最终实现学校房屋资源合理、高效的使用状态。
大数据时代下企业财务管理创新研究
Authors: 王 立莎
Published: January 2021

在当前中国经济建设不断发展的时代大背景下，企业要想得到良好稳定的发展，就必须对其管理模式进行创新与调整。论文对当前中国企业财务管理中存在的问题进行了分析，并着重阐述了如何推动企业财务管理在大数据时代中得以创新，进而推动企业平稳快速的发展，最终为中国社会主义经济建设的发展做出一份贡献。
浅谈企业行政管理
Authors: 陈 燕锋
Published: January 2021

在经济高速发展的市场化环境下，规范化的企业行政管理不仅关系到企业管理效率的提升，更有甚者会影响企业的生存与发展。因此，科学地定位行政管理在企业经营中的地位就显得尤为重要，论文从行政管理职责、特点、地位等方面出发，浅谈企业行政管理工作在企业经营发展中的作用。
非利息收入对中国商业银行经营绩效的影响——基于16家上市银行面板数据实证分析
Authors: 李 正旺 , 何 群 , 赵 雪飞 , 吴 婉佩
Published: January 2021

当前，国际环境复杂，全球宏观经济面临的不确定性使银行营业收入及净利润增长放缓。中国移动互联网技术的不断渗透，金融科技发展迅速，银行业竞争日益加剧，中国商业银行经营管理发展面临内外双重的压力。论文从银行规模视角，探讨不同类型商业银行非利息收入占比及其结构对其经营绩效的影响。整体来看，非利息收入占比对银行绩效的有显著的负的影响。其中，中型银行的非利息收入占比与经营绩效之间的关系并不显著。非利息收入构成中，手续费及佣金净收益占比对银行绩效总体来说具有消极影响。此外，根据各类银行的特点，从转变发展方式、优化非利息收入结构等方面对银行提出了提高其经营绩效的建议。
中国佛山市农产品电子商务体系构建分析
Authors: 易 巧 , 李 金燕
Published: January 2021

电子商务作为一种新的营销手段，给工业产品提供了前所未有的销售平台，农产品电子商务也应运而生。电子商务体系是一个全方位、多层次、系统化的商业模式。在当今信息化迅速发展时代，如何将质量保证的不同种类的农产品传送给每个消费者，满足不同消费者的需求，将最实时有效的消费者信息传递到生产者手中，这些问题亟待解决。论文对中国佛山市农产品现在主要实体销售模式分析，并且在此基础上提出了电子商务体系的发展策略。只有不断完善和改进佛山市农产品电子商务服务的平台，才能提高农产品到达消费者的实效性，从而推动经济和社会的发展。
乡村振兴背景下中国台州农村养老保障问题探析
Authors: 金 炜
Published: January 2021

完善农村养老保障体系是践行乡村振兴战略的必然要求。论文通过对台州地区农村养老的现状进行分析，认为其存在养老服务体系专业人才不足、老年人精神需求满足度不够、养老形式过于单一的困境。依托于乡村振兴背景下，笔者建议可通过加大农村养老服务人才供给、提升老年群体精神文化建设、构建农村社区互助养老模式，丰富养老形式、提升农村老年人生活质量。
企业所得税对上市公司资本结构的影响研究
Authors: 李 雪婷
Published: January 2021

企业所得税影响公司的资本结构，论文以中国2013-2019年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本，研究企业所得税对上市公司资本结构的影响。研究发现，企业所得税与上市公司的资本结构显著正相关，资产的担保价值与资产负债率正相关，企业的成长性和盈利能力均与资产债率负相关。
急性肾损伤生物标志物及防治的研究进展
Authors: 李 建荣
Published: January 2021

急性肾损伤（Acute kidney injury,AKI）是由各种病因引起肾功能在短时间内快速减退而导致的临床综合征。AKI在世界范围内的发病率及死亡率都很高，且花费巨大。AKI已成为慢性肾脏病（Chronic kidney diseases，CKD）进展的一个公认的危险因素。论文主要针对AKI向CKD发展过程中，部分新的生物标志物及如何预防AKI后CKD的进展进行主要阐述，为临床中早期识别AKI患者并实施干预作出一定的依据。
丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的作用及其机制研究进展
Authors: 钱 晶
Published: January 2021

丹参酮ⅡA是从中药丹参中提取的脂溶性有效成分，且有较高的药用价值，在脑缺血保护中既具有抗炎、抗氧化、抑制细胞凋亡等作用，还能明显改善冠状动脉血循环，在临床上可用于冠心病、心绞痛、心肌梗死的治疗。有研究表明它对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗有一定疗效。因此，论文综述了近年来丹参酮ⅡA对慢阻肺的作用及机制，为进行深入研究提供参考。
三维培养在研究白血病细胞耐药性方面的应用
Authors: 刘 健 , 李 丽梅 , 金 阿荣
Published: January 2021

急性白血病（acute leukemia，AL）是血液系统恶性肿瘤，具有高度的异质性。白血病细胞对化疗药物耐药成为制约白血病治疗的关键难题。体外细胞培养模型是研究急性白血病发生、发展的重要实验方法。与传统的二维细胞培养相比，三维细胞培养模型能更有效地模拟白血病体内微环境，为探索白血病细胞生物学特性提供了良好的实验平台。近年来，越来越多的研究者应用三维细胞培养模型进行细胞耐药性研究，以期提供更有效的潜在治疗药物。论文总结了近年来关于三维培养及其在AL耐药性的体外研究中的应用。
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL COMPETENCES. CURRENT CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Alexandru Mirela Elena , Scoda Andreea-Diana
Published: January 2021

The current context determined by the social distancing has changed the way of carrying out the learning activities which are taught and evaluated at school; during this situation the Romanian and also the global education system faced an unprecedented challenge, namely the transfer of the whole school activity to the online environment. Given this situation, we analyzed data from national and international studies in order to have an overview of the characteristics of digitization and existing digital skills, especially in the Romanian education system. This analysis allowed the understanding of the structure on which this sudden digitization developed and the premises of public policies on which the process was built. The analysis was combined with the presentation of projects carried out during this period, in order to prepare the various school actors in the field of digital education in the form of recommendations to support the empowerment processes in training digital skills of teachers and students in the current context and on a long-term.
El impacto del COVID-19 en el Trabajo Infantil del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador
Authors: Cevallos Altamirano Andrés , Villalva Morales Mauricio Gabriel
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar que desde la llegada del COVID-19 al Ecuador, la declaratoria de emergencia son uno de los factores que dieron paso a una restricción de movilidad humana, para que, al pasar los meses el país se vea sumergiendo en una grave crisis en el orden económico y social. El Ecuador protege y garantiza de forma prioritaria el derecho de los niños y niñas en sus instrumentos normativos nacionales e internacionales. En consecuencia, el número de casos sobre trabajo infantil ha ido aumentando en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua.  Pese a que, una de las principales responsabilidades del Ecuador y organismos internacionales es erradicar el trabajo infantil en todas sus formas, existe un aumento y una constante vulneración de derechos humanos fundamentales.
La intervención de la Corte Constitucional en los procedimientos de enmienda, reforma y cambio de Constitución
Authors: Polo Pazmiño Esteban Javier
Published: January 2021

La Constitución ecuatoriana diseña un sistema novedoso para la reforma de su texto. A diferencia de otros modelos, en Ecuador existen dos mecanismos para el ejercicio del poder de reforma de la Constitución, la enmienda y la reforma parcial, los cuales se diferencian entre sí por su trámite, pero esencialmente por la magnitud y profundidad del cambio que cada uno permite realizar en las disposiciones constitucionales. Así mismo, la Norma Suprema desarrolla el denominado “poder preconstituyente”, que consiste en la regulación que orienta a una nueva legitimidad democrática que pretenda convocar al poder constituyente originario para sustituir la Constitución. Dentro de este sistema, la Corte Constitucional asume un rol fundamental a través de tres mecanismos: i. El dictamen de procedimiento; ii. La sentencia de constitucionalidad de la convocatoria a referendo; y, iii. La sentencia de control constitucional posterior. El momento para ejercer algunas de estas atribuciones, así como su ámbito y alcance, no han sido aspectos uniformes en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional. Por el contrario, los actuales integrantes de la Magistratura se han apartado de interpretaciones realizadas por anteriores composiciones y han establecido nuevas pautas al respecto. Los cambios jurisprudenciales son frecuentes y naturales en las altas Cortes, siendo necesario analizar minuciosamente las razones que los motivaron, más si versan sobre aspectos tan importantes para el régimen constitucional.
La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y un caso de monto indemnizatorio excesivo: Caso ex Magistrados Corte Suprema versus Ecuador
Authors: Salgado Pesantes Hernán
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo analiza la decisión de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos frente al emblemático caso sobre el cese de funciones de varios ex magistrados de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Ecuador. Se declaró por parte del organismo internacional, responsabilidad internacional al Estado ecuatoriano por la vulneración de derechos reconocidos en la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. Estableciendo como medida de reparación, una indemnización excesiva como forma de sanción a Ecuador, mas no como una medida de reparación compensatoria para las víctimas y sus familiares. Factor que logra llamar la atención, pues la decisión tomada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos se alejó de sus propios fallos.
Desconsolidación de la democracia: retos contemporáneos y reflexiones para salvar nuestros Estados
Authors: Valencia Camila
Published: January 2021

En el presente trabajo se realizará una reseña del libro “El pueblo contra la democracia: Por qué nuestra libertad está en peligro y cómo salvarla” de Yascha Mounk. En primer lugar, se describirá el problema de investigación que ha identificado el autor; para luego abordar someramente cada capítulo, haciendo énfasis en las ideas fundamentales que se encuentran a lo largo del texto. A su vez, se emite una crítica con respecto a ciertas posturas que deben ser puestas al debate. Finalmente, se emitirán las conclusiones a las que ha llegado el autor y lo que ha buscado transmitir con su libro, sin dejar de lado consideraciones personales acerca del tema, principalmente, abordado por el autor: la democracia liberal; institución jurídica relevante para el Derecho.
Scuba diving fatalities in Australia 2001 to 2013: Chain of events
Authors:   Australasian Diving Safety Foundation, Canterbury, Victoria, Australia, Lippmann John ,   Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, Taylor David McD ,   Emergency Department, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia,   Department of Medicine, Melbourne University, Victoria, Australia
Published: January 2021

Introduction: We aimed to identify the possible chain of events leading to fatal scuba diving incidents in Australia from 2001–2013 to inform appropriate countermeasures. Methods: The National Coronial Information System was searched to identify scuba diving-related deaths from 2001–2013, inclusive. Coronial findings, witness and police reports, medical histories and autopsies, toxicology and equipment reports were scrutinised. These were analysed for predisposing factors, triggers, disabling agents, disabling injuries and causes of death using a validated template. Results: There were 126 known scuba diving fatalities and 189 predisposing factors were identified, the major being health conditions (59; 47%), organisational/training/experience/skills issues (46; 37%), planning shortcomings (29; 23%) and equipment inadequacies (24; 19%). The 138 suspected triggers included environmental (68; 54%), exertion (23; 18%) and gas supply problems (15; 12%) among others. The 121 identified disabling agents included medical-related (48; 38%), ascent-related (21; 17%), poor buoyancy control (18; 14%), gas supply (17; 13%), environmental (13; 10%) and equipment (4; 3%). The main disabling injuries were asphyxia (37%), cardiac (25%) and cerebral arterial gas embolism/pulmonary barotrauma (15%). Conclusions: Chronic medical conditions, predominantly cardiac-related, are a major contributor to diving incidents. Divers with such conditions and/or older divers should undergo thorough fitness-to-dive assessments. Appropriate local knowledge, planning and monitoring are important to minimise the potential for incidents triggered by adverse environmental conditions, most of which involve inexperienced divers. Chain of events analysis should increase understanding of diving incidents and has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality in divers.
Algoritma Penjadwalan Distribusi Barang Berbasis Teknik Backward Scheduling (Studi Kasus: PT Ultra Jaya Milk Industry & Trading Company Tbk.)
Authors: Suhada Kartika , Liputra David Try , Arisandhy Vivi , Jeremy Tomy
Published: January 2021

Backward scheduling adalah metode penjadwalan yang dilakukan secara urutan terbalik, dimana batas waktu penyelesaian (due date) sebagai titik awal penjadwalan. Penelitian terkait penggunaan metode tersebut telah banyak dilakukan. Penelitian sebelumnya banyak yang membahas penerapan metode penjadwalan, namun lebih difokuskan pada aktivitas produksi. Penelitian ini membahas penerapan metode backward scheduling untuk aktivitas distribusi. Objek penelitian adalah PT Ultra Jaya Milk Industry & Trading Company, Tbk. yang menghadapi permasalahan keterlambatan pengiriman barang. Javia dkk. (Javia dkk., 2019) telah berhasil mengembangkan algoritma yang dapat mengurangi jumlah keterlambatan tersebut, tetapi hasilnya belum cukup signifikan. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini akan dirancang suatu algoritma penjadwalan distribusi barang yang dapat meminimasi jumlah keterlambatan dan total biaya keterlambatan yang timbul. Penerapan algoritma usulan dibandingkan algoritma Javia dkk. menghasilkan pengurangan dalam beberapa hal, yaitu: kebutuhan moda sebanyak 6 unit, jumlah kota yang mengalami keterlambatan pengiriman sebanyak 2 kota, jumlah moda yang terlambat sebanyak 3 unit, dan jumlah muatan yang terlambat sebanyak 18 pallet. Selain itu, durasi keterlambatan untuk 3 kota besarnya sama, namun untuk 2 kota lainnya tidak mengalami keterlambatan. Biaya penalty yang timbulpun berkurang sebesar Rp7,104,000,- atau 3.928%.

Kata kunci: penjadwalan, distribusi barang, backward scheduling
Features of diagnostics of missing data when conducting historical and economic research of foreign trade networks
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirova A.
Published: January 2021

With the emergence of new resources and methods, issues related to data quality are getting even more crucial. As for the recent rise of historical network research, no doubts, that missing data problems attract the special attention of scholars. In this paper mirror statistics on exports and imports of the Southeast Asian countries are used as a case to demonstrate the importance of properly conducted diagnostics.
The hierarchy of financial centers in the Russian Empire at the end of the nineteenth century: network and geoinformation analysis of interregional bank transfers
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Salomatina S. , Garskova I. , Valetov T.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the financial system of the Russian Empire as a set of cash flows between the largest centers based on the commercial transfers statistics of commercial transfers of the State Bank in 1898 and network and geoinformation analysis. As a result, the study proves that the national financial system was typically dominated by the highest national level markets (St. Petersburg and Moscow), whereas the interregional markets of the lower level were stronger in the west and southwest (Odessa, Kiev, Warsaw) compared to Riga, Kharkov, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, and Baku
Analysis of the urban planning reform of Catherine II by means of GIS
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Vorobyova E.
Published: January 2021

The paper analyzes one of the parts of the reform of the city of Catherine II, namely, the creation and implementation of plans confirmed for the cities of the Russian Empire. Source database of research plans of Ryazan, Yekaterinburg and Tambov. The goal is to identify the city least affected by renovation. Using GIS, plans were digitized and calculations were made, which resulted in indicators of the “active share” of perestroika, the least affected by perestroika was Ryazan with its indicator of 4.1%.
Spatio-temporal aspects of the study of archaeological monuments of the Yustyt archaeological microdistrict: theory, methodology, results
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Krupochkin E. , Vorobiev D. , Sukhanov S.
Published: January 2021

The technology of geoinformational mapping and geoarchaeological analysis of archaeological monuments is proposed, which makes it possible to analyze the distribution of data on the settlement of the population of the archaeological microdistrict Yustyt. A new program for calculating spatial correlation has been developed and tested. Integral GIS models have been built that reflect the patterns of population settlement
A complex digital model of parallel Franco-Burgundian itinerarii (Louis XI, Philip the Good and Karl the Bold) as a tool for studying administrative institutions, military-political and diplomatic activity
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Sanzharov V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the GIS cartography of the royal and ducal itineraries of Lous XI, Philip the Good and Charles the Bold (1461–1477). The intinerary is not the simple calendar list of visited places but the source characterizing the implementation of the government strategies – 'the style of governing'. The itinerary allows to satisfy step by step the interest in problems of power, the mechanisms of its implementation, the definition of spaces of real power. The article proposes approaches to creating a complex digital model of parallel Franco-Burgundian itineraries.
Historical Morphology of Crime in the Late Russian Empire as a Component of Complex and Thematic Maps
Authors:   Great Russian Encyclopedia, Moscow, Oumansky L. , Grishin E. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow
Published: January 2021

On the crime studies data set example the article describes an approbation of the new method for researching the social and economic development of the late Russian Empire. This method is based on the usage of the unified by the land- and timescape digital GIS model.
Methodology for the use of GIS and archival materials in the preparation of a justification for the recognition of the dead soldiers who were considered missing
Authors:   RGO, Tve, Shchekotilov V.. , Lazarev O. ,   Tver State Technical University
Published: January 2021

A methodology has been proposed and implemented to prepare a justification for the recognition of missing persons as dead. The methodology is based on the use of GIS with archival and commercial maps, as well as archival materials from the database of the Memory of the People system and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. In the quality of the main document, burial
Verification module for 3D reconstructions of historical and cultural heritage objects in virtual and augmented reality. The problem of combining 2D and 3D materials
Authors:   Moscow Lomonosov State University, Mironenko M..
Published: January 2021

The issues of preparation and selection of historical sources for their integration into the verification module are considered. Examples of using the module for different types of sources are presented. The features of the development of a virtual interface for such tasks are described using the example of pictorial historical sources of the 19th century. The issues of integration of narrative sources into virtual space were also touched upon.
Digital technologies in modern historical and archival research and education
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus, Hiarnovich T.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the main vectors of the application of digital technologies in the archival field. It is noted that the digitization of documents and the development of open access technologies have created favorable conditions for the use and preservation of archival documents. The creation of popular science projects contributes to the expansion of the audience of archive users and forms a respectful attitude towards documentary heritage in society. The main trend in the application of digital technologies in scientific research remains the improvement of methods for creating digital editions.
Why was the Colossus computer built? (unknown pages of the history of computer science)
Authors: Zlobin Evgenii
Published: January 2021

In the article is described the use of the 1st world computer Colossus for the breaking of the ciphers of supreme German command, including Hitler. The unique Memoirs of the codebraker, who worked during the years of war in the center of decoding in the Bletchley Park, served as source. In view of the absolute secrecy of project in time of 60 years, Memoirs were written after project declassification in the early 2000s. Memoirs were published after author death.
STEMming Within a Double Minority: How the Impostor Syndrome Affects Black Women Ph.D. Students
Authors: Simon Marsha
Published: January 2021

In this mixed methods research study, I used P. H. Collins’s (2000) Black feminist epistemology to examine how the impostor syndrome influenced the experiences of Black women students pursuing doctoral studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To analyze the difference between the levels of the impostor syndrome reported by Black Ph.D. women students and the levels of the impostor syndrome reported by non-Black women Ph.D. students, participants (n = 216) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon scale in the quantitative phase. I conducted interviews with 10 Black women as well as a follow-up focus group interview (n = 5) in the qualitative phase. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the Black women Ph.D. students compared to other Ph.D. students. Constant comparative analysis of the qualitative data generated five themes used to integrate findings from the quantitative phase to explicate the intersectionality among race, gender, and the impostor syndrome in STEM fields.
Poetry and Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Archibald Mandy M. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: January 2021

Integration—or the meaningful bringing together of different data sets, sampling strategies, research designs, analytic procedures, inferences, or the like—is considered by many to be the hallmark characteristic of mixed methods research. Poetry, with its innate capacity for leveraging human creativity, and like arts-based research more generally, which can provide holistic and complexity-based perspectives through various approaches to data collection, analysis, and representation, can offer something of interest to dialogue on integration in mixed methods research. Therefore, in this editorial, we discuss and promote the use of poetry in mixed methods research. We contend that the complexities and mean-making parallelisms between poetry and mixed methods research render them relevant partners in a quest to complete the hermeneutic circle whose origin represents experiences, phenomena, information, and/or the like. We advance the notion that including poetic representation facilitates the mixed methods research process as a dynamic, iterative, interactive, synergistic, integrative, holistic, embodied, creative, artistic, and transformational meaning-making process that opens up a new epistemological, theoretical, and methodological space. We refer to this as the fourth space, where the quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, and poetic research traditions intersect to enable different and deeper levels of meaning making to occur. We end our editorial with a poetic representation driven by a word count analysis of our editorial and that synthesizes our thoughts regarding the intersection of poetry and mixed methods research within this fourth space—a representation that we have entitled, “Dear Article.”
Variation Within Idiomatic Variation: Exploring the Differences Between Speakers and Idioms
Authors: Geeraert Kristina , Newman John , Baayen R. Harald
Published: January 2021

Corpus-based research on idiomatic variation has shown that idioms can be utilized with an extensive range of variation, including the possibility of idioms occurring with adjectival modification (e.g. make rapid headway), lexical variation (e.g. the calm/lull before the storm), and partial forms (e.g. birds of a feather [flock together]). Previous experimental research eliciting variation within idioms has tended to focus on unintended ‘slips of the tongue’, or errors in production.  To date, no experimental study has explored the creativity that speakers can employ when using idioms. This study, by contrast, aims to elicit conscious and spontaneous productions of idiomatic variation, exploring just how creative speakers can be when using idiomatic expressions. Participants were asked to create headlines for newspaper snippets using provided idioms. They were explicitly told that the expression did not have to be exact and that they could be as creative as they wanted. The headlines for each idiom and each speaker were then examined. Variational patterns are observed for both idioms and speakers. For instance, some idioms (e.g. jump on the bandwagon) typically occur with partial forms, lexical variation, and/or adjectival modification; whereas other idioms (e.g. call the shots) are predominantly used in their canonical form. Similarly, some speakers (e.g. Speaker 14037) demonstrated considerable flexibility and playfulness when using the expressions, while other speakers (e.g. Speaker 14020) preferred minimal, if any, modification to the idioms. These results not only converge with previous corpus-based findings, but they also highlight the individual differences between speakers, as well as reveal how creative and innovative speakers can be when using idiomatic expressions.
The Tatar-Russian Bilingualism in Early Childhood
Authors: Kyuchukov Hristo , Ushakova Oksana S. , Gazizova Farida S.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents findings from psycholinguistic research with normally developing preschool Tatar-Russian bilingual children between the age of 4;0 to 6;0 years old. Forty children in total- twenty children between the age of 4;0 -5;0, and twenty children between the age of 5;0-6;0 were tested. Children with language impairment and mental disabilities were excluded from the study. All children attend a polylingual kindergarten, where the children learn in organized way the following three languages: their mother tongue - the state language of the Tatarstan - the Tatar language, Russian - the official language of the Russian Federation to which Tatarstan belongs, and English. The children were tested with two types of language tests: Syntactic test (wh-complement tests) and mix Tatar-Russian vocabulary test (comprehension and production). They were also tested with a psychological non-verbal Knock Tap test. All children were tested individually in a separate room by a native Tatar speaking and Russian speaking researcher. In order to avoid the influence of the language of testing on the results half of the children were tested with part of the tests in Tatar language and the other part in Russian language. The next day they were changing the languages and the tests. The research question we try to answer is: Do the children develop balanced bilingualism in the kindergarten age having in mind the educational system they are involved in or they are dominant in one of the two languages. The results of the children are analyzed with the ANOVA and SPSS Statistics. They show that the older children are better in all test. Regarding the language the younger children show poor results in Tatar and better results in Russian. The older children show equally good results in both languages. The paper discusses the classical theory of Skutnabb-Kangas (1981) and newest findings of Bialystok (2020) regarding the bilingualism and bilingual education from early ages and which factors play important role in successful development of balanced bilingualism from early age.
Managing Knowledge at the Time of Artificial Intelligence: An Explorative Study with Knowledge Workers
Authors: Manuti Amelia , Monachino Dalila
Published: January 2021

In the evolutionary context of Industry 4.0, where machine learning and machine to machine technology are powerful tools for the maintenance and replicability of knowledge, the implementation of hybrid systems based on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents the key to organizational innovation and to the capitalization of knowledge. At the same time, the benefits of digital transformation for individuals and teams are often not so clear - and uncertainty surrounding the future often results in fear in those being impacted. Fear of changes to their job, fear of a job role change, job losses, being faced with learning new skills, new technology or new ways of working. Therefore, to secure the transition to the digitization organizations need to carefully support their human resources and to provide them with the reasons why they need to commit to change. In this perspective, the study aimed to investigate how high-qualified knowledge workers cope with this new situation. Yet, participants were a group of project managers, employed in some knowledge-based organizations, in which AI and digitalization systems are going to be introduced to improve replicability, circulation and storage of knowledge. The choice of this peculiar target of participants was guided by the acknowledgement of their important role within the organization, being project managers generally considered as agents of change. In view of the above, the main goal was to collect project managers’ expectations and fears about the upcoming integration of secularized company flows with performing process automation strategies. In-depth individual interviews were conducted and diatextual analysis was used to approach the discursive data collected. Results showed interesting insights both in terms of organizational management implications as well as of future research development. Participants showed clear awareness about the need to “go digital” to improve organizational performance and to stay competitive. However, they underlined the importance of parallel invest on human capital, improving crucial soft skills such as: openness to change, flexibility and the ability to work in a team, that could concretely support digital changes in procedures and work processes.