bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
condiciones de las operaciones del tránsito aduanero comunitario (TAC) en la frontera norte del estado ecuatoriano
Authors: Realpe Cabrera Iván Alírio , Chunés Jácome Jorge Luis , Herrera García Eliana Aracely
Published: June 2021

En el estado ecuatoriano hay un limitadísimo desarrollo de investigaciones en temas de logística y transporte, más aún en el tránsito aduanero comunitario (TAC). El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar las condiciones de las operaciones del TAC en la frontera norte del estado ecuatoriano; con un enfoque de proveer opciones de cómo actuar, y de ser pertinente, regular vacíos legales en la normativa comunitaria andina. Se puede evidenciar que, en la operatividad este régimen presenta eventos y falencias no deseados, debido en muchos casos a casuísticas del TAC.En este ámbito predominó la investigación cuali-cuantitativa, porque se observaron condiciones de algunas variables que se dan en la operación del TAC, y descripciones enfocadas en la práctica de dicho régimen aduanero, por parte de las empresas de transporte internacional de carga, que operan en la frontera norte. Con la investigación explicativa se verificó si las condiciones actuales de las operaciones, que se realizan en el TAC, tienen efectos en una adecuada aplicación normativa y logística. De las encuestas aplicadas a las ocho empresas habituales que realizan el TAC, de una población objetiva finita de 139, se identificó que el afianzamiento de los tributos al comercio exterior de este régimen, se realiza en base a la aduana de partida, con una aseveración del 75%; mientras que, el 50% afirmó que solamente aplican la Decisión 837-2019 CAN y finalmente el 37% manifestó que existen casos que no están normados a nivel comunitario.
Denormalization of the Global Order during the Covid 19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Industrial Era 4.0
Authors:   Universitas Potensi Utama, Ardiyanti Dwi , Harahap Fitriana
Published: June 2021

This paper is a response from the shift of the global order that had focused on the mandate of international organizations to become more and more parties who played an important role in handling the Covid-19 pandemic, even at the level of the grassroots movement. This research focuses on increasing the use of digital access during the pandemic. The authors try to convey his analysis of the shift in the global order and its impact in the industrial era 4.0. The authors also analyze the challenges faced in using digital post Covid-19. This paper departs from the existence of a new phenomenon that emerged during the Covid 19 pandemic around the world, namely the learning from home, work from home, as well as everything new in the digitization system which then becomes a new normal behavior globally. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic in the era of industry 4.0, both in the challenges to the potential for digitalization.
Tra Sicilia e America: gli "scappati" di Cosa Nostra
Authors: Dino Alessandra
Published: June 2021

Territorial control is one of the most important elements for the survival of the mafia. It is an obligated path to be able to obtain and control economic activities and to penetrate into all profitable sectors. Without territorial control it is impossible to control voters and without it all relationships with politics wither and die. It is within the territory where the imposition of "pizzo" (protection money) and extortion are planned against businesses and firms. This impending presence is also the cause in which citizens and families find themselves submitted to violence, the abuse of power and, if not only, to a limitation to their sphere of action. Telling the story about the scappati is to explain how, by their use of violence, Cosa Nostra has taken away from the State its lawful supremacy over large parts of the national territory. They planned the removal or deportation, under the threat of death, of entire families connected to the mafia. This story began in 1980 and is yet to be finished. The scappati migrated to the usa during the second mafia war and today they would like to come back to Palermo. However, not all agree with this possibility. The Sicilian mafia is in a critical position and if these refugees return it could produce a drastic and unexpected change in its leadership. Reading the pizzini (small notes of mafia members), analysing these sources, reconstructing scenarios makes it is easy to image what could happen if they returned: a new bloody conflict among mafia families.

Key words: Cosa Nostra, territorial control, transnational crime, maxi-trial, mafia wars, the scappati.

Parole chiave: Cosa nostra, controllo del territorio, crimine transnazionale, maxiprocesso, guerre di mafia, scappati.
La guerra dei matti. Una ricerca su un manicomio di provincia
Authors: Tornabene Massimo
Published: June 2021

- Beyond the sum of the deaths and of the economic damages caused by war, war accounting has always shown little regard to the mental health traumas caused by these events. And yet many research studies, based both on the major nineteen century conflicts and on the more recent ones, show that psychic traumas provoked by war can persist with their victims often for many decades. My specific research took into consideration the patients of the Neuropsychiatric Hospital of Racconigi, between 1938 and 1947. This mental hospital hosted psychiatric patients from the Cuneo Province during this specific period. More than 2,500 cases have been taken into consideration of which hundreds were soldiers and civilians committed to this hospital after taking part directly in war actions or as victims of war actions, namely soldiers coming back from the Russian military campaign and civilian survivors of the Boves' slaughter. This research has been possible thanks to the noteworthy helpfulness of the sanitary institution that maintains the medical records of this hospital, including individual case files containing medical documents, public acts and private letters. These historical sources, scarcely used in research, have allowed me to look into the human and cultural atmosphere of the time and to analyze the complexity of the power relations among patients, their relatives, public authorities and medical doctors.

Key words: War, mental traumas, psychiatric hospital, medical records, soldiers, civilians.

Parole chiave: Guerra, traumi mentali, ospedale psichiatrico, cartelle cliniche, soldati, civili.
Tra sopravvivenza marginale e innovazione dell'offerta imprenditoriale: il caso delle attivitŕ indipendenti degli immigrati
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio
Published: June 2021

Il fenomeno della partecipazione degli immigrati al lavoro indipendente sta crescendo notevolmente in Europa, secondo una linea di tendenza da tempo riscontrata oltre oceano. è probabilmente la maggiore novitŕ emersa negli ultimi vent'anni nei rapporti tra lavoratori immigrati e sistemi economici riceventi. L'articolo analizza portata e limiti dell'innovazione economica, sociale e culturale ascrivibile alle attivitŕ indipendenti promosse da immigrati sulla base di ricerche empiriche svolte a Milano, Torino e Genova, con particolare riferimento alle iniziative con caratteri transnazionali. Considera altresě il dark side rappresentato dalle resistenze locali verso questi nuovi attori e fenomeni delle economie urbane.
Reti sociali fra inerzia e cambiamento. Il caso delle imprese italiane quotate in borsa (1987-2007)
Authors: Dagnes Joselle
Published: June 2021

L'articolo esamina le relazioni interaziendali personali e finanziarie delle imprese italiane quotate in borsa nel periodo 1987-2007, adottando una prospettiva attenta non solo agli aspetti strutturali ma anche al contesto istituzionale di riferimento. Attraverso un'analisi puntuale di questi elementi, l'autrice mette in luce l'esistenza di una corrispondenza tra la stagione di innovazione istituzionale che ha interessato il mercato finanziario italiano negli anni Novanta e il riassetto della trama relazionale degli attori collettivi coinvolti. In particolare, si evidenzia come legami di natura diversa reagiscano in modo differente alle sollecitazioni esogene: nel caso esaminato, il reticolo degli

tende ad indebolirsi nel breve periodo per poi stabilizzarsi successivamente; al contrario, quello dei legami di proprietŕ mostra una maggiore inerzia iniziale, a cui segue un consolidamento nel medio periodo.
Aplikasi Eletronik Manajemen Keuangan DIPA pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Negeri di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Sebagai Upaya WFH
Authors: Zebua Ali Marzuki
Published: June 2021

Tidak dapat di elakkan bahwa pengaruh muncul dan menyebarnya pandemi Covid-19 sangat memengaruhi seluruh sendi kehidupan, tidak terkecuali dalam dunia pendidikan. Keadaan ini pada akhirnya memancing respon dari para pemangku kepentingan dan pemangku kebijakan pendidikan dengan mengubah proses serta prosedur kegiatan di dalam pendidikan. Semua kegiatan perkantoran dan penatausahaan/administrasi di dalam pendidikan dilakukan secara online. Pada sisi yang lain, lembaga pendidikan juga dituntut untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan standar kesehatan melalui WFH. Pada tulisan ini, penulis menyoroti bagaimana sistem aplikasi online manajemen keuangan DIPA pada lembaga pendidikan Islam Negeri di tengah pandemi Covid-19 dijalankan secara efektif dan efisien sebagai bentuk upaya bekerja dari rumah (Work From Home). Kebijakan dalam pengelolaan keuangan pada saat pandemi ini melalui aplikasi e-SPM dalam penerapan prinsip accounting dan e-Rekon dalam penerapan prinsip auditing. Aplikasi ini sangat efektif dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan social distancing. Efek dari hal ini juga akan efisiennya penghematan anggaran perjalanan dinas lembaga pendidikan Islam Negeri. Kegunaan dari tulisan ini sebagai bentuk informasi bagi stakeholder pendidikan yang mungkin belum banyak mengetahui aplikasi-aplikasi di dalam pengelolaan keuangan pendidikan Negeri.
Analisis Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam SMP Negeri di Kota Metro
Authors: Sari Eka Suci Indria , Nurbaiti Syarifah , Rohani Rohani
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by the Annex to the Regulation of the Minister of National Education No.16 of 2007 concerning Academic Qualification Standards and Teacher Competencies. This study aims to determine and analyze the pedagogical competence of Islamic Religious Education teachers in State Junior High Schools in Metro City. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The population in this study were all teachers of SMP Negeri in Metro City as many as 30 people from 10 schools. The sampling technique was purposive sampling in order to obtain 9 teachers from 3 schools, namely SMP Negeri 3 Metro, SMP Negeri 4 and SMP Negeri 6 Metro as respondents considering the ease of location and communication related to data collection during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection techniques in research are observation, questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, display data, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of this study indicate the pedagogical competence of the Islamic Religious Education Teachers of State Junior High Schools in Metro City is in the high tended category with a total score of 82.05%. The results of this study are expected to be used as input for policy makers regarding the pedagogical competence of Islamic Religious Education teachers.
JUSTIFICATION OF RISK REDUCTION INSTRUMENTS FOR INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Alekseieva Kateryna , Slobodyanik Anna , Tsokol Olha
Published: June 2021

The article examines the tools for reducing risks in investment activities in the agrarian sector. The key role of the agrarian sector in the economy of Ukraine is highlighted and confirmed by the fact that investors are interested in carrying out investment activities. It is the agrarian sector that guarantees food security and has the potential for overall economic growth. It should be mentioned that the share of agrarian products from Ukraine in the world exports is substantial and the position of Ukraine as an exporter of the agrarian products is recognized in the whole world. Considering such dimensions, it should be noted that increasing investment in agriculture is one of the key tasks today, as it is necessary to update and modernize fixed assets for agricultural production. Agricultural enterprises in Ukrainestill possess limited opportunities for development, in particular through the use of new investment projects in the sector to upgrade and modernize assets for agricultural production. Investments always mean certain expenses for future profits. When deciding to launch even a very small investment project in the agricultural sector, one should have maximum confidence that all investments will pay off and provide a certain expected return. In addition, such a decision is usually made in circumstances of uncertainty and, consequently, risk. Activities in the agrarian sector of the economy are always associated with a significant degree of risk and uncertainty. This is due to huge dependence on climatic and weather conditions, as well as significant fluctuations in market prices for performance in the sector. To stimulate and intensify the investment activity in the agrarian sector of Ukraine it is necessary to pursue a balanced public policy in the sector. At the same time, it is necessary to develop mechanisms to provide state guarantees for investors, as well as it is crucial to work on specific tools to reduce the risk of agrarian enterprises. In modern conditions, there are specific tools to save the agrarian production against risks. It is important to ensure more or less stable harvesting results and sell them at optimal costs, as well as to produce qualitative but at the same time affordable products. The use of modern risk reduction tools in particular hedging technologies in the agrarian sector by farmers plays a very important role. Thanks to hedging the agrarian producers ensure stable results of their work and become able to overcome climatic and other risks.
APPLICATION OF SYSTEM-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES
Authors: Perevozova Iryna , Orlova Olena , Mainka Marcel
Published: June 2021

Reducing the cost of construction is a constant goal of the construction industry. One of the ways to reduce the cost of building construction is the innovative development of construction technologies and construction companies that will increase productivity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of a system-functional approach in the management of innovative development of construction companies. It is important to distinguish between cheap or inexpensive and cost-effective production. Cost-effective buildings are buildings that are manufactured at a low cost while maintaining high standards of design and comfort. The hypothesis is that the system-functional approach is advantageous in order to find effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies. To achieve a holistic approach, an interdisciplinary approach to research is needed. Approaching effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies in terms of system-functional approach, you can achieve optimization with synergy effects and thus find cost-effective and energy efficient solutions. The study also combines a system-functional approach to strategic management with corporate and entrepreneurial thinking. He outlined the further development of the system of identification and classification of opportunities, consisting of three dimensions: 1) the dynamism between specific to the enterprise and industry opportunities, 2) hierarchies of opportunities and portfolios of opportunities, 3) their internal structure. The capacity for innovative development was analyzed in the context of the system-functional approach, technological systems and the type of process of pooling resources (creation of new versus consolidation of existing opportunities). Current portfolio of opportunities and organizational changes at the construction company are described. It also clarifies the mechanism by which companies can influence the balance between knowledge retrieval and the efficiency of knowledge transfer and integration in their daily financial and economic activities, and hence the diversity of their portfolio and the breadth and novelty of the range of services.
Ferrocenylalkylation Reactions under Acid-Free Conditions
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Shevaldina E. V. , Moiseev S. K. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: June 2021

α-Ferrocenylalkylation is a convenient method for obtaining ferrocene-containing biologically active molecules. The current review highlights the methods for introducing α-ferrocenylalkyl groups into organic substrates under acid-free conditions using α-hydroxyalkylferrocenes.
Mechanochemical Technology for the Regulation of the Solubility of Anthelmintic Drugs Using Polymers
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Khalikov S. S.
Published: June 2021

Controlling the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs remains one of the major challenges in the development of new effective drugs. The use of polymers is one of the promising routes for increasing the solubility of drug substances. This review summarizes the results of investigations on the application of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and other polymers to increase the solubility and bioavailability of anthelmintic drugs, which relate to different classes of organic compounds, by mechanochemical methods.
Service-learning as a Strategy to Promote Global Citizenship in Indonesia
Authors: Ali Yusuf Faisal , Hidayah Yayuk
Published: June 2021

The problem behind this research is service-learning usefulness as a strategy to promote global citizenship at universities in Indonesia. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative type of phenomenology. The research subjects were students involved in the Student Executive Board or Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa (BEM) organization from eight different campuses in the Special Region of Yogyakarta or Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). The research results show two findings, 1) service-learning in student organizations can promote global citizenship values, and 2) service-learning in student organizations can improve industrial skills. Thus, this study concluded that student organizations in higher education could be a place to promote global citizenship and improve industrial revolution 4.0 skills among students. Therefore, the recommendation in this study is for further researchers to research by emphasizing learning outcomes that focus on the level of numbers and readiness to face the industrial revolution, which includes the ability to adopt values ??and nature as Indonesian people and as citizens of the world.
新时期企业思想政治工作存在的不足及改革创新分析
Authors: 张 巧云
Published: June 2021

思想政治工作是在企业管理过程中起到了重要的作用，企业通过思想政治工作可以发挥出基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用同时可以促进企业健康稳定发展，尤其是现阶段，各企业都处于革新转型节点，因此企业中的管理人员更应认识到思想政治工作的重要性，通过此来提升企业中员工的思想政治觉悟及整体素养，同时还可以提升基层党组织的服务水平并为企业未来发展提供有力的支持。目前，一部分企业在进行思想政治工作时还存在一些不足，因此应充分做好创新工作。对思想政治工作中的原有机制进行调整与优化，同时转变原有的工作模式，从而企业可以通过思想政治工作来提升企业员工的工作积极性及职业素养，更好的促进企业发展。
基于人力资源绩效考核管理问题的分析
Authors: 彭 成春
Published: June 2021

我国近些年经济飞速增长，整体经济结构不断发生改变，各个企业单位积极针对经济结构进行分析，并通过人力资源部门进行人力资源结构调整和人力资源管理来实现企业发展，在人资管理过程中最重要的一项管理方式就是绩效考核，绩效考核贯穿整个企业管理的全过程，可以说是企业管理的终端，为企业发展提供优质的管理框架并提升员工的工作效率工作质量，提升企业自身发展空间，但是目前人力资源绩效考核管理还存在一些问题导致管理力度相对较差，因此需要针对这些问题进行分析，更好的为企业发展提供保障。
企业投融资管理存在的问题及对策
Authors: 王 海玲
Published: June 2021

企业投融资也就是投资与融资两种企业运行方式，这是企业扩大实力的重要途径，能够为企业创造更多的经济效益以及社会效益。不过，因为市场竞争变得越来越激励，企业投融资难的问题也是越来越严峻，对于企业自身的发展是有着很大的阻碍的。为了改变这样的情况，企业需要以相关法律为指导对相关问题的原因进行确认，并采取有效的措施对投资风险进行防范与规避。
国企离退休管理工作浅析
Authors: 王 晶
Published: June 2021

在社会快速发展的形势下，我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而使得各个领域的发展都取得了良好的成绩。离退休管理服务工作具有较强的政策性和复杂性，所以要想保证工作的质量和效率，还需要从各个细节入手来进行不断的优化。在社会经济快速发展的推动下，老龄化问题越发的严重，离退休人员的队伍逐渐的壮大，离退休人员层次结构以及需求都发生了巨大的变化。尤其是国有企业通常建立时间较长，退休人员数量较多，这样就对离退休管理工作的实施造成了诸多的困难。国有企业离退休管理部门工作的实施务必要秉承围绕核心、顾全大局的原则，尽可能的保证退休职工的合法权益，为推进社会和谐发展起到积极的辅助作用。
浅论创新财政税收制度对中小企业的扶持作用
Authors: 梁 晓英
Published: June 2021

财政税收制度作为一种重要的政治经济制度，对国民经济和社会发展产生影响。目前，我国正处在深刻的社会转型期，现有的财政税收制度存在严重的滞后性，有些已经不适应经济社会的快速发展，这对于处在弱势地位中小企业产生了重要的影响，一定程度上阻碍中小企业的快速健康发展。在现阶段，我国中小企业发展存在的问题不少，其中一个重要的问题是中小企业能够支配的资金规模小，利润相对较少，从而导致资金链断裂、企业破产等风险的发生，直接影响到企业的整体发展水平。为了促进中小企业的健康发展，改革和创新财政税收制度刻不容缓，财政税收制度的创新，将使财政税收制度的功能和作用在中小企业发展中位置更加突出。
Adaptation of the Turkish Language Version of the Inventory of New College Student Adjustment: The Roles of Resilience and Social Self-Efficacy in College Adjustment
Authors: CAN Nesime , KALKAN Bilal
Published: June 2021

Transition from high school to college can be a struggle for many students. To support the first-year college students during the transition, various factors can be taken into consideration. In this study, we focused on the role of resilience, social self-efficacy, college orientation, and student organization involvement in college adjustment among the first-year Turkish college students. Using snowball sampling, we distributed our online survey package across Turkey and recruited a total of 346 participants. To measure the concept of college adjustment, we developed and validated Turkish language version of the Inventory of New College Student Adjustment (INCA-T) due to the limitations of existing instruments. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the 10-item INCA-T revealed a good fit with Turkish sample. Then, using INCA-T, we evaluated the relationship among college adjustment, resilience, social self-efficacy, attendance of a student orientation program, and involvement in student organizations. Multiple regression analysis results showed that resilience and social self-efficacy were significant predictors of college adjustment among the first-year students. Also, individuals participating in student orientation and student organizations reported significantly greater adjustment to college. Considering the findings of the present study, we discussed implications for faculty advisors and college counselors, then provided recommendations for future researchers.
The Effect of Argumentation-Based Organic Chemistry Teaching on Students’ Argument Construction Skills
Authors: Tüzün Ümmüye Nur , TÜYSÜZ Mustafa , EYCEYURT TÜRK Gülseda
Published: June 2021

Some students could not learn organic chemistry because of the difficulty of its submicroscopic nature. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of argumentation-based organic chemistry teaching on high school students’ argument construction skills so on their meaningful concept learning. The study was conducted on 14 high school students at a vocational high school in Turkey on organic chemistry topics through 28 hours period based on the case study. The teaching guide’s worksheets and students’ observation notes were used as data collection tools. Through the application process, the students criticized each of the seven submicroscopic nature of organic chemistry concepts’ paintings in big group discussions, then constructed their own arguments. Then the students evaluated the whole process. Content analysis was employed for the data analysis. Argumentation making students criticize the submicroscopic nature of organic chemistry resulted in a qualified student-constructed argument by making them understand the submicroscopic nature so become critical thinkers. Students’ process evaluation also underlined that the process made students joyful, motivated, creative, criticizer, and meaningful learners with a differently constructed learning environment. For further studies, different argumentation-based organic chemistry teaching environments could be offered. Anahtar Kelimeler Chemistry teaching, submicroscopic nature of chemistry, argumentation, critical thinking
Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in the Association between Loneliness and Psychological and Subjective Well-Being in University Students
Authors: ÇİÇEK İlhan
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in university students in association with loneliness and psychological and subjective well-being. The study consisted of 340 university students, including 118 males and 222 females. The age range of participants is between 18 and 27. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Flourishing Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used in the study. Results of the study showed that loneliness was significantly and negatively associated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. Self-esteem was significantly and positively related to psychological well-being and subjective well-being. In this study, compared to male students, female students tended to report greater self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being while they reported lower loneliness. Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness was a significant and negative predictor of self-esteem, psychological and subjective well-being. Self–esteem partially mediated the association between loneliness and well-being outcomes; and it significantly and positively predicted psychological wellbeing and subjective well-being. In university students, loneliness, and self–esteem, together, accounted for 38% of the variance in psychological well-being, while subjective well-being was 25%. Researchers can conduct new research to investigate the positive aspects of university students, and psychological counsellors working in schools can work towards strengthening the positive aspects of students.
Road Transportation Injuries on the Federal Highway in the Region with a Low Population Density: Relevance of the Problem and Ways of its Solution
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Baranov A.V. , Mordovsky E.A. ,   Northern State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Samoylov A.S. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to use the example of the Arkhangelsk region to identify conditions affecting the organization of medical care for victims of road accidents on the federal highway in a region with a low population density, and to determine the main directions of its improvement. Materials and research methods. Using the method of comparative analysis, the following review was carried out: review of the authors’ studies, the subject of which was the features of road traffic injuries on the federal highway M-8 «Kholmogory» within the Arkhangelsk region; review of domestic and foreign scientific research, review of regulatory documents on the provision of medical assistance to victims of road accidents. Scientific literature search was performed in eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus systems by keywords. Scientific articles published in 1990–2020 were selected for analysis. Using the method of an organizational experiment, a scientific substantiation of a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the provision of medical care in prehospital and hospital periods to victims of road traffic accidents at federal highway in regions of the Russian Federation with a low population density was carried out. Applying the method of system analysis, on the basis of the results of this study, conceptual provisions for a systemic register of health consequences of road accidents in the Russian Federation have been developed and scientifically substantiated. Research results and their analysis. The article describes road traffic injuries on the federal highway M-8 «Kholmogory» in the Arkhangelsk region. The factors that determine the effectiveness of the provision of medical care in prehospital and hospital periods to victims of road traffic accidents are considered. The ways of improving the provision of medical care to victims of road traffic accidents at federal highway in a region with a low population density are formulated and substantiated.
Medical Support of Mass Events During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems and Possible Ways of their Solution
Authors:   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Demenko V.V. , Cheplyaev A.A. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Savvin Yu.N. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Prostakishin G.P. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of organizing and implementing medical support for mass events by the specialists of the medical teams of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» in 2008–2019; to analyze and to assess the organization of medical support for the Tavrida Forum and Festival, as well as for the Final of the “Big Change” (“Bolshaya Peremena”) competition in the Republic of Crimea in 2020 in the face of the threat of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 spread. Materials and research methods. We analyzed the data of medical reports of specialists of the Field Multidisciplinary Hospital of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita», who participated in the medical support of mass events held in 2008–2020. The regulatory documents, scientific and methodological publications on the organization of medical support for public events, climatic and geographic conditions in the places of the Hospital’s deployment, legal and medical documentation on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 were studied. Research results and their analysis. A brief description of the medical support of mass events by the specialists of the Field Multidisciplinary Hospital of the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» in 2008–2019 is given. The organization and implementation of medical support for mass events held in 2020 in the Republic of Crimea in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The work of the Consolidated Medical Unit of the FMBA of Russia with the participation of specialists from the All-Russian Center for Disaster Medicine «Zashchita» is analyzed.
Organization of Stage Medical Care to Patients with Suspected and Confirmed New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 in the Voronezh Region
Authors:   Voronezh Regional Clinical Center of Disaster Medicine, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Artemov A.N. , Balabaev G.A. ,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Center of Disaster Medicine, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Vorobyev I.I. ,   Voronezh Regional Clinical Center of Disaster Medicine, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Mekhantieva L.E. ,   Voronezh state medical University. N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Struk Yu.V. ,   Voronezh state medical University. N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of the work of the territorial center for disaster medicine of the Voronezh region to improve the organization of medical care for patients with suspected and confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in 2020. Materials and research methods. The study was based on: data on the provision of medical care to patients with community-acquired pneumonia of unknown infectious etiology and with a confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19, who were hospitalized in medical organizations of the Voronezh region; information about the routing of patients to medical organisations; data on monitoring bed fund and equipment, as well as information on the continuity and outcomes of treatment in patients of these categories. Research results and their analysis. Analysis of the research results showed: creation in the Voronezh region of the system of staged medical care for patients with suspected and confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and a three-level system of medical care for this category of patients contributed to their early detection and effective treatment; monitoring system for patients with COVID-19 allows to determine optimal routing for each patient in order to provide timely specialized, including high-tech, medical care; change in the routing of patients with COVID-19 in the region in order to provide high-tech medical care to as many patients as possible fully justifies the use of helicopter with a resuscitation module and a transport isolation box combined with it.
Peculiarities of Trophological Status in Victims of Emergencies with Long Consciousness Impairment Due to Craniocerebral Injury
Authors:   Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Nikiforov M.V. , Korolev A.A. ,   Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of trophological status, to identify prevalence, severity and types of trophological insufficiency and to analyze the effect of infectious complications on the severity of protein-energy malnutrition in victims of emergency situations with long-term impairment of consciousness due to traumatic brain injury. Materials and research methods. The study involved 126 victims of various age groups, who underwent primary screening using NRS-2002 scale, indicators of trophological status and the effect of infectious complications on the severity of protein-energy malnutrition were assessed. Research results and their analysis. Screening showed a high risk of malnutrition in all patients. Indicators of trophological status were less than the reference values. In all age groups, both men and women, moderate protein-energy malnutrition prevailed (82.5%). For young patients, marasmus (64.6%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (34.3%) were most typical. The trophological status of the victims – regardless of the severity and in more than half of the cases – was represented by marasmus and, less often, by kwashiorkor. Patients with infectious complications had a high risk of moderate and severe protein-energy malnutrition development, p <0.001.
Prevention and Treatment of Altitude Disease
Authors:   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Samoylov A.S. , Rylova N.V. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bol’shakov I.V. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazakov V.F. ,   State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to determine the tactics of effective prevention and treatment of altitude sickness in the conditions of medium and high mountains. Materials and research methods. Domestic and foreign literature on altitude sickness are analyzed. The search was carried out using the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY for the period from 2013 to 2021. The following keywords and their combinations were used for the search: altitude sickness, treatment, prevention. Research results and their analysis. The features of the development of altitude sickness, risk factors, modern approaches to the treatment of this pathology, as well as the possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of prevention are considered. It is noted that the key method of preventing altitude sickness is a gradual ascent to great heights, and a promising method for its prevention can be an early implementation of interval hypoxic training. If one needs to quickly climb to heights of over 2.5 thousand meters, it is possible to use drugs such as acetazolamide and dexamethasone. In case of ineffectiveness of prevention and of development of any form of altitude sickness, the most effective treatment is an immediate descent to lower altitudes. If the descent is impossible, the use of oxygen and pharmacotherapy is justified, it is also possible to use hyperbaric chambers.
Organizational Aspects of Providing Emergency Care to Victims in Road Transportation Accidents with Damage to the Facial Skeleton
Authors:   Mariyskiy State University, Iyoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation, Maslyakov V.V. , Barachevsky Yu.E. ,   Northern State Medical University, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, Pavlova O.N. ,   Samara State Transport University, Samara, Russian Federation, Pimenov A.V. ,   Saratov Medical University “Reaviz”, Saratov, Russian Federation, Proshin A.G. ,   Saratov Medical University “Reaviz”, Saratov, Russian Federation, Polyakov A.V. ,   Saratov Medical University “Reaviz”, Saratov, Russian Federation, Pimenova A.A. ,   Saratov Medical University “Reaviz”, Saratov, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate the organizational aspects of providing emergency medical care to victims of road traffic accidents with injuries of the facial skeleton. Materials and research methods. The study included 75 victims of road accidents that occurred in the city of Saratov in 2010–2019. In the total number of injured men – 42 (56.0%), women – 33 (44.0%). The age of the victims is 18–70 years, the average age is (37.5 ± 6.0) years. The study did not include: victims under the age of 18; victims with neck trauma, damage to the cerebral section of the skull and to other parts of the body. All the victims got medical assistance from the personnel of the ambulance brigades. Covering sheets, outpatient cards and medical records were used as primary documentation. Study criteria: time during which the ambulance was provided; who provided emergency medical care; correctness of its rendering. Research results and their analysis. Analysis of injuries to the facial skeleton showed: injuries of the facial skeleton are an actual pathology in victims of road traffic accidents in Saratov; victims of road accidents got open and closed injuries of the facial skeleton. With closed injuries, moderate and severe injuries were found in 23 (30.7%) victims, with open injuries — in 19 (23.3%) victims; majority (90.7%) of victims of road accidents got high-quality emergency medical aid in a timely manner. In 9.3% of cases, the quality of care was insufficient due to an incorrect assessment of severity of the victims’ condition and, as a consequence, due to non-fulfillment of anti-shock measures; scope of the provision of emergency medical care to victims of road accidents included temporary hemostasis, treatment of wounds and anti-shock measures; from the accident site were evacuated: to level III trauma centers — 24.0% of victims; to level II — 48.0; to level I trauma centers — 28.0% of victims; complications in the form of purulent-septic processes were observed in 16.0% of victims; competent and timely implementation of anti-shock measures determined an insignificant mortality rate — 4.0%.
In vitro Micropropagation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Derived from Cotyledon
Authors: Kabir MH , Das Pronabananda , Mamun ANK , Islam Md Monirul , Islam Md Aminul
Published: June 2021

A high frequency in vitro plant regeneration of pomegranate was established on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. As explant cotyledons were employed for this study. Ninety percent of the cultured explants responded to form shoots from 30 days old in vitro raised seedlings after 90 days of culture initiation in MS containing 1.0 mg/l IBA + 0.1 mg/l NAA. The average number of shoots per explant was 10.0 ± 2.20, shoot length of 12.0 ± 2.40 cm, node per regenerated shoot was 9.0 ± 1.60 and the leaf number was14.0 ± 1.40. Well developed shoots were cultured on half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA, in which 90% shoot induced roots implanted after one month. The average number of root per shoot was 8.0 ± 0.90 and the average root length of 6.5 ± 0.40 cm was observed in this medium. Eighty percent plantlets were survived in the outdoor condition during the acclimatization period of seven days.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(1): 61-69, 2021 (June)
Enhanced Regeneration Through ex vitro Rooting and Agrobacterium-mediated Genetic Transformation of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Yesmin Sabina , Hoque MI , Sarker RH
Published: June 2021

Regeneration of in vitro multiple shoots was achieved through organogenesis on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Kn from cotyledonary leaf explants of two local varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Elongation of regenerated shoots was obtained on growth regulator free MS. In vitro root induction from excised regenerated shoots was less effective on MS with or without plant growth regulators. On the other hand regenerated shoots treated with 10 mM IBA for 5 min were found to be effective for ex vitro rooting in sterilized soil. Following sufficient development of roots, the ex vitro rooted plantlets were acclimatized in growth room condition, and were transferred to the field having 100% survival rate. The regeneration system developed was utilized for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404/pBI121 containing GUS and nptII genes. Adequate transformation response was obtained from cotyledonary leaf segments with bacterial suspension having an optical density of 0.50 at 600 nm with 30 min incubation followed by co-cultivation period of 72 hrs in Nayantara (BARI Begun-5) variety of eggplant. Selection of transformed shoots was carried out on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l Kn, 300 mg/l carbenicillin and 100 mg/l kanamycin. Stable integration of GUS and nptII genes in Nayantara were confirmed through PCR analysis using the genomic DNA isolated from transformed shoots.

Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(1): 97-108, 2021 (June)
Comparison between Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis: chemical composition and plant origin
Authors: Petreska Stanoeva Jasmina , Stefova Marina , Trusheva Boryana , Popova Milena , Antonova Daniela , Bankova Vassya
Published: June 2021

Propolis is used as a constituent in over-the-counter preparations, food additives, cosmetics, etc. Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis samples were analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of ethanol extracts after silylation, in order to determine the presence of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and their chemical profiles were compared. Bulgarian and Macedonian propolis demonstrate very similar chemical profiles and belong to the Poplar type propolis, which has well-characterized qualitative composition and high content of bioactive substances. These results allow the standardization of Macedonian propolis to be approached on the basis of the recommendations by the International Honey Commission for poplar propolis.

Keywords: Bulgarian propolis, Macedonian propolis, GC-MS, chemical profiling
Regulatory Аffairs in the pharmaceutical industry – insights
Authors: Cvetanovski Filip , Zareski Rubin
Published: June 2021

The Regulatory Affairs as a field in the pharmaceutical industry has a lot of potential for individual professional growth. Formerly viewed as a clerical profession, growing requirements from competent authorities for a more regulated pharmaceutical industry resulted in growing interest and demand for regulatory proffessionals. The pharmacists working in a modern regulatory department unit are today viewed as key figures in obtaining the company’s goals and objectives. Their expertise can undoubtedly contribute to improving the strategy for the eventual market launch of a pharmaceutical product and provide for a better overall process in developing new products as well as maintaining ones that are already registered.
In this essay we delve inside the image surrounding this department, and try to bring forward what is actually behind it. We then look inside the organizational structure and everyday activities of a regulatory department, and offer our thoughts into making the processes in that department more efficient consulting the latest insights from leading experts on this subject.
Ultimately, we try to include the application of technological advancements into the picture and what their contribution would mean for managing information and thus an efficient way of functioning in such departments.

Keywords: Regulatory Affairs, technology, information, organization, efficient
Tooth agenesia might be associated with palatine rugae pattern in a tooth Brazilians population
Authors: Silva-Sousa Alice Corrêa , Carvalho Carla Silva , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Matsumoto Mirian Aiko Nakane , Stuani Maria Bernadete , Oliveira Maria Angélica Hueb de Menezes , Lepri Cesar Penazzo , Proff Peter , Paddenberg Eva , Kirschneck Christian , Küchler Erika Calvano
Published: June 2021

Tooth and palate development share several molecules during their formation, which could explain some recent studies suggesting that tooth agenesis is associated with palatine rugae pattern.   Therefore, the purpose of the se cross sectional study was to investigate the association between palatine rugae phenotypes and tooth agenesis in Brazilian patients. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 83 records from orthodontic patients were evaluated. Tooth agenesis cases were diagnosed by evaluation of panoramic radiographs and by anamnesis. The casts and intraoral occlusal photography of each patient were used to evaluated the palatine rugae according to length, shape, direction and unification. All analyses were performed by the same calibrated examiner. All tests were performed with an established alpha of 0.05 (P ≤ .05). Odds ratio calculations and chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used in the statistical analysis. A total of 17 (20.7%) patients with tooth agenesis was observed. The predominant shape of rugae was wavy (66.3%). The absence of secondary or fragmentary rugae was associated with tooth agenesis (p = 0.047; Odds ratio=3.00, Confidence Interval 95%=1.03-9.53). In conclusion, patients with tooth agenesis present a different palatine rugae pattern. The absence of secondary or fragmentary rugae was associated with isolated tooth agenesis in the population studied.