bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depressão como mediadora da relação entre violência por parceiro íntimo e dificuldades sexuais após o parto: uma análise estrutural
Authors: Sussmann Leanndru Guilherme Pires Reis , Faisal-Cury Alexandre , Pearson Rebecca
Published: June 2020

RESUMO: Introdução: Não foram encontrados estudos que avaliam associação entre violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) anterior ao parto e dificuldades na esfera da sexualidade no período pós-parto. O presente estudo avalia se existe essa associação. Método: Estudo transversal com 700 mulheres que realizaram o pré-natal em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), em São Paulo, entre 2006 e 2007. As dificuldades sexuais (DS) foram avaliadas por meio de questionário elaborado pelos autores e a VPI foi investigada por questionário estruturado elaborado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Já a depressão pós-parto (DPP) foi avaliada por meio do Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e foi considerada variável mediadora. Para calcular os coeficientes de associação das vias diretas e indiretas foi utilizada a análise estrutural (path analysis). Resultados: As prevalências de DS, a VPI e a DPP foram, respectivamente, 30, 42,8 e 27,8%. A violência ocorrida antes do parto não mostrou associação direta - ED = 0,072 (-0,06 - 0,20; p = 0,060) - nem indireta - EI: 0,045 (-0,06 - 0,20; p = 0,123) - em relação ao desfecho estudado. Conclusão: Futuras investigações sobre a relação entre as três variáveis estudadas são recomendadas. Estudos longitudinais que incluam outros mediadores podem trazer melhor entendimento da cadeia causal e elucidação das variáveis que influenciam as questões da sexualidade no pós-parto.
COVID-19: implicações e aplicações da Psicologia Positiva em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Zanon Cristian , Dellazzana-Zanon Letícia Lovato , Wechsler Solange Muglia , Fabretti Rodrigo Rodrigues , Rocha Karina Nalevaiko da
Published: June 2020

Resumo A pandemia causada pela dispersão da COVID-19 no mundo obrigou muitos países a adotarem o isolamento social como medida de contenção do vírus. Pesquisas prévias indicam que pessoas submetidas ao isolamento social desenvolvem sintomas psicológicos variados, principalmente relacionados ao estresse, ansiedade e depressão, decorrentes da privação social e do confinamento. Este artigo objetiva apresentar pesquisas produzidas pela Psicologia Positiva e indicar como esses achados podem subsidiar intervenções para a promoção de saúde mental e bem-estar durante o isolamento social. Dentre os construtos descritos, destacam-se pesquisas sobre autocompaixão, resiliência, criatividade, otimismo, esperança, bem-estar subjetivo e práticas de meditação mindfulness para lidar com os efeitos adversos do isolamento. Considerações e implicações dessas práticas são discutidas em detalhes.
COVID-19 e saúde mental: a emergência do cuidado
Authors: Faro André , Bahiano Milena de Andrade , Nakano Tatiana de Cassia , Reis Catiele , Silva Brenda Fernanda Pereira da , Vitti Laís Santos
Published: June 2020

Resumo Considerando-se a situação atual mundial, marcada por importantes crises na saúde pública e, mais recentemente, a pandemia causada pela COVID-19, o presente artigo buscou reunir informações e achados de pesquisa a respeito do impacto de tais crises na saúde mental. O texto traz conceitos relacionados à problemática do novo coronavírus e analisa consequências de medidas adotadas para lidar com situações desse tipo, tais como distanciamento social, quarentena e isolamento, ao longo de três períodos distintos: pré-crise, intracrise e pós-crise. O artigo enfoca as repercussões observadas na saúde mental da população, refletindo acerca dos desfechos favoráveis e desfavoráveis dentro do processo de crise. Por fim, são apresentadas questões relacionadas à emergência do cuidado em saúde mental, tanto aquele prestado pela Psicologia, como aquele que pode ser desenvolvido pelos demais profissionais de saúde, de modo a minimizar os impactos negativos da crise e atuar de modo preventivo.
Dietary pattern analysis among stone formers: resemblance to a DASH-style diet
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda Guedes , Lima Thalita Melo , Zambrano Lysien , Heilberg Ita Pfeferman
Published: June 2020

Abstract Recent epidemiological studies have shown that dietary patterns may have a more persistent impact on the risk of stone formation than single nutrients of the diet. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), a low-sodium and fruits/vegetables-rich diet, has been associated with a lower risk of nephrolithiasis, due to altered urinary biochemistry. This observational study aimed to investigate whether the dietary pattern of stone formers (SF) resembled a DASH-diet and its influence on urinary lithogenic parameters. Anthropometric data, fasting serum sample, 24-h urine samples, and a 3-day food intake record under an unrestricted diet were obtained from 222 SF and compared with 136 non-SF subjects (controls). The DASH-diet food portions were determined from the food records whereas intakes of sodium chloride (NaCl) and protein (protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance, PNA) were estimated from 24-hr urinary sodium and urea. A dietary profile close to a DASH-diet was not observed in any of the groups. NaCl intake and PNA were significantly higher in SF versus non-SF (12.0 ± 5.2 v.s. 10.1 ± 3.4 g/day, p = 0.01 and 1.8 ± 0.1 v.s. 1.4 ± 0.1 g/kg/day, p = 0.03). SF exhibited a positive correlation of NaCl intake and PNA with urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid, and of PNA with urinary sodium. SF consumed more vegetables and legumes, but less fruits and low-fat dairy items than non-SF. The present series presented a dietary profile characterized by low calcium and high salt and protein contents, not reflecting an ideal DASH-style diet pattern.
Migrantes y sus condiciones de trabajo y salud: revisión integrativa desde la mirada de enfermería
Authors: Rodríguez-Campo Varinia Alejandra , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra Verónica
Published: June 2020

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la producción científica, indexada, asociada a las condiciones laborales y de salud en migrantes. Metodo Revisión integrativa de artículos publicados en el periodo 2009 a 2019, utilizando bases de indización Medline/PUBMED; ScIELO; SCOPUS utilizando los descriptores MeSH y DeCS: Condiciones de Trabajo, Estado de Salud, Inmigrantes. Resultados Se obtuvo un total de 21 estudios., distribuidos en 17 en Medline/PUBMED; 3 en ScIELO y 1 en SCOPUS. La mayoría de artículos cuantitativo fueron realizados en Brasil y España. La discriminación, explotación, mala calidad de vida, nivel de educación, mala autopercepción de salud, fueron principales resultados. Conclusiones Existe una falta de estudios que evidencien la realidad ocurrida en América Latina, para enfermería como disciplina y profesión se abre un gran desafío para estudiar a la población trabajadora migrante, pues permitirá entregar evidencias de este grupo humano, se lograrán generar intervenciones que favorezcan la salud de esta población y se podrán promover conductas saludables a nivel laboral e individual
O CONFLITO SOBRE A SERRA DO GANDARELA: uma análise deliberativa sistêmica
Authors: Motta Filipe Mendes
Published: June 2020

Resumo A controvérsia envolvendo a suposta incompatibilidade entre a democracia deliberativa e o conflito tem sido mobilizada para negar as potencialidades dessa vertente. Para reforçar a inexistência dessa dicotomia, partimos da reconstituição de um processo político e buscamos compreender como o conflito contribui para a emergência da deliberação, e, ao mesmo tempo, como a deliberação e a reflexividade são capazes de desencadear o conflito. Nossa análise se debruça sobre o conflito ambiental envolvendo a definição do futuro da Serra do Gandarela, foco de interesses diversos por parte de grupos mineradores, movimento social e população local. A partir de entrevistas com os atores envolvidos, reconstituímos o processo de disputa sobre o futuro da Serra, tendo em mente os diferentes momentos que o compõem. Apontamos como o conflito se manifesta neste contexto e como contribui para a emergência do debate público, a reflexividade dos envolvidos e, em alguma medida, na tomada de decisões sobre a controvérsia. Apontamos ainda o papel-chave desempenhado pela sociedade civil na costura discursiva do processo, além de chamarmos a ateção para a ação de atores do sistema de justiça como conectores potenciais do sistema deliberativo.
Analysis of soil-structure interaction in buildings with deep foundation
Authors: RITTER M. G. , MENEGOTTO M. L. , COSTELLA M. F. , PAVAN R. C. , PILZ S. E.
Published: June 2020

Abstract In this paper it is presented how the influence of soil-structure interaction (SSI) interferes on reinforced concrete structures in small buildings with deep foundations, with the objective of analyzing the influence of SSI on the loads and repressions, global stability and costs of materials. The analysis were based on numerical-computational simulations of a commercial building using CAD/TQS commercial software. The building was simulated with 4, 6 and 8 floors with 3 different profiles of soils, generating 8 case studies. When considering SSI, the loads and repressions did not present significant variations and the parameters of global instability were within the normative recommendations. Among the variables analyzed, the material cost of the structure was the least affected item with the SSI consideration.
Experimental study on precast beam-column connections with continuity reinforcement for negative bending moments
Authors: ALVA G. M. S. , LACERDA M. M. S. , SILVA T. J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract In this paper, an experimental investigation is presented on semi-rigid interior beam-to-column connections constituted by precast concrete beams supported on precast concrete column corbels and bending continuity reinforcement bars for bending negative moments. The main purpose of this paper was to analyze the influence of vertical interface grout filling between the corbel and the beam and the position of the bending continuity reinforcement bars (crossing only the column or crossing only the slab) on the behavior of this type of connection. Tests on eight specimens were performed. It was noticed that the vertical interface grout filling contributed to increase both rotational flexural stiffness and flexural strength capacity of the connections when compared to the connections without grout filling. It was also noticed that in the specimens in which the continuity bars crossed only the column, the rotational flexural stiffness was higher. For these last ones, coefficients k and β for predicting the secant stiffness by simplified expression present in Brazilian Code NBR 9062 were evaluate from experimental results. These evaluated coefficients may be regarded as indicative values for structural designers and helpful for future researches.
Reliability analysis of a prestressed bridge beam designed in serviceability limit state as recommended by NBR 6118 and 7188
Authors: LYRA P. H. C. DE , BECK A. T. , STUCCHI F. R.
Published: June 2020

Abstract Nowadays it is known that it is important to study the safety of structures to avoid tragic accidents or economic losses. The most widely used method in the world to evaluate the safety of structures is structural reliability. The reliability index of prestressed precast beams of bridges designed using Brazilian standards (NBR6118 and NBR7188) is not known. This work evaluates the annual reliability indexes of a prestressed precast beam bridge at the serviceability limit state (SLS) projected using the Brazilian standard and compares it with results from the literature. The studied bridge has 33.5 meters of span, is simply supported, constituted by five precast concrete beams with U section. The reliability analysis was carried out using two methods for the four limit state equations: First Order Mean Value (FOMV) and First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Sensitivity analyzes were performed to consider both the relative contribution of these variables and the effect of their distributions on the annual reliability indexes for SLS. It was verified that the effect of load trains and the allowable stress significantly reduce the reliability index obtained for Brazilian standard. The service limit state equations are particularly sensitive to load trains, allowable stress and prestress losses, as well as their respective distributions.
Lightweight concrete with coarse aggregate from ceramic waste at high temperatures
Authors: PASSOS L. , MORENO Jr. A. L. , SOUZA A. A. A.
Published: June 2020

Abstract With the increasing use of recycled materials from civil construction, mainly as substitute for some aggregates in concrete mixtures, it is necessary to obtain technical information on the performance of these new mixtures. National and international research on the use of ceramic waste in concrete production highlight good results of this new material’s mechanical performance in environmental situations. However, little is known about its behavior at high temperatures. In this context, we sought to verify the performance of concrete mixtures produced with aggregates from ceramic block waste at high temperatures, with evaluation of their residual mechanical strength, axial compressive strength and elastic modulus, and also their tendency to spalling in fire situations. The RILEM-129 MHT method [1] was used for the assessment of residual mechanical strength, and the tendency to spalling was evaluated according to the procedure suggested by Souza and Moreno [2]. In both these evaluations, there is no national standard, and, in the case of spalling, not even an international standard. Three concrete mixtures were used, one prepared with natural coarse basalt aggregate (reference) and the other two by replacing part of this natural aggregate with aggregate from ceramic block waste (40% and 100% of substitution in volume). In the end, it is concluded that the substitution of natural coarse aggregate for lightweight aggregate from ceramic block waste can be an excellent alternative to increase the resistance of concrete to fire. Thus, the results of mechanical strength and spalling in a fire situation, unprecedented in our country, can greatly support the decision-making about the use of this alternative material in the national construction industry.
Effect of carbon nanotubes sonication on mechanical properties of cement pastes
Authors: SIQUEIRA J. E. L. de , GLEIZE P. J. P.
Published: June 2020

Abstract The excellent mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them a highly attractive material for use as reinforcement in cement composites. However, it is established that this nanomaterial presents a severe dispersion problem in cement matrices owing to its high specific surface area. An alternative method for dispersing the CNTs is the use of sonication in the presence of a superplasticizer admixture. However, high energy sonication can severely damage CNTs, which can affect their behavior in cement pastes. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the CNTs sonication parameters to optimize the performance of CNT-cement pastes. After sonication with different energies of CNTs water suspensions, the CNTs dispersion was evaluated through UV-Vis spectroscopy and the eventual CNTs damage observed by TEM. Workability, compressive and flexural strengths of the CNTs-cement pastes were also measured. The results revealed that the sonication parameters can be optimized to enhance the effect of CNTs on cement paste behavior.
Extemporaneous environmental legislation: an analysis of the conflicts underlying Law 3824/1960 on coarse wood removal in Brazilian artificial reservoirs
Authors: Tonella Lívia Helena , Vitorino Junior Oscar Barroso , Lima Junior Dilermando Pereira , Gomes Luiz Carlos , Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Agostinho Angelo Antonio
Published: June 2020

Abstract This article discusses the purpose and effects of Law 3824/1960, which makes mandatory the removal of vegetation and consequent cleaning of land sites subject to flooding by the construction of artificial reservoirs. The importance of this reflection is to avoid having a law that is considered effective, though if questioned, may prove contrary to the objectives for which it was created. Thus, this article aims to awaken decision makers to the possibility that this law is considered inapplicable to the current reality, according to the social, scientific, legal and environmental advances achieved in recent years. As a specific objective, based on the findings obtained, we aim to stimulate authorities to act in favor of the elaboration of a law that will meet these advances.
Educação e Saúde: reflexões sobre o contexto universitário em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Torres Ana Catarina Moura , Alves Lynn Rosalina Gama , Costa Ana Caline Nóbrega da
Published: June 2020

Diante da pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus, o mundo está construindo ações emergenciais para atender as mais variadas demandas. O distanciamento social fechou as universidades e passou a exigir um novo modelo educacional, a partir de uma maior utilização da tecnologia para seguir com os conteúdos programados para o semestre em curso. No entanto, a dificuldade de acesso à tecnologia, ainda presente em grande parte da nossa sociedade, é um dos pontos que contribui fortemente para o afastamento dos discentes do processo de formação e contribui para o afastamento observado entre as decisões e ações emergenciais adotadas pelas universidades públicas e pelas privadas. A formação de futuros profissionais de saúde é ainda mais desafiadora neste contexto, visto que a educação à distância se apresenta como insuficiente para alcançar as habilidades exigidas ao ofício de cuidar de seres humanos em toda a sua complexidade.
Does the Sequence of Anthracycline and Taxane Matter? The NeoSAMBA Trial
Authors: Bines José , Small Isabele A , Sarmento Roberta , Kestelman Fabiola , Silva Silvania , Rodrigues Fabiana Resende , Faroni Lilian , Gonçalves Aline , Ebecken Erika , Maroun Pedro , Millen Eduardo , Bonamino Martin
Published: June 2020

Background

Taxanes usually follow anthracyclines in breast cancer neo/adjuvant treatment, likely because of their later introduction into clinical practice. However, there is no biological rationale that justifies this current standard of care. We compared a taxane followed by an anthracycline-based regimen with the reverse sequence in the neoadjuvant setting.

Patients and Methods

In a randomized, open-label, single-center phase II trial, women with inoperable, locally advanced, HER2-negative breast cancer were stratified by hormone receptor status and randomized to three cycles of docetaxel (T) followed by three cycles of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) versus three cycles of FAC followed by three cycles of docetaxel. Surgery, radiotherapy, and adjuvant hormonal therapy were administered as per local guidelines. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR), and secondary endpoints included toxicity, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results

Treatment sequence did not improve pCR, which was 7% with T-FAC and 3% with FAC-T. However, after a median follow-up of 79 months, the 5-year EFS rate was 75.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.4%–87.7%) with T-FAC and 48.2% (95% CI, 37.0%–62.7%) with FAC-T (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26–0.81; log-rank p = .0054), and the 5-year OS rate was 89.7% (95% CI, 82.2%–97.8%) with T-FAC and 64.7% (95% CI, 53.6%–78.1%) with FAC-T (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22–0.78; p = .0052). There were no unexpected toxicities.

Conclusion

We showed for the first time an improvement in EFS and OS with taxane-first compared with anthracycline-first sequencing chemotherapy in HER2-negative, locally advanced breast cancer. Confirmation of these results may have implications for clinical practice.

This trial was registered with Clinicatrials.gov identifier NCT01270373.

Implications for Practice

The NeoSAMBA trial showed a benefit for taxane-first sequencing chemotherapy consistent with the systematic review of the literature as well as the larger Neo-tAnGo study. Many recent and current ongoing clinical trials have already followed this treatment strategy. As a taxane-before-anthracycline sequence carries neither an incremental cost nor an increased toxicity, and given the available literature on this issue, reinforced that taxane-first regimen can be easily incorporated into daily clinical practice while awaiting confirmation of these findings from larger trials.
Prognostic Value of Modified IHC4 Score in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Jin Liang , Chen Kai , Tan Cui , Li Jianbin , Luo Jiayue , Yang Yaping , Li Yudong , Li Shunying , Zhu Liling , Hu Yue , Liu Fengtao , You Qiuting , Peng Min , Jiang Zefei , Liu Qiang
Published: June 2020

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether an immunohistochemical prognostic model (IHC4 score) can predict the prognosis and the chemotherapy benefit in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth receptor 2–negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Materials and Methods

We developed a method to calculate the modified IHC4 (mIHC4) scores based on routine pathological reports and compared them with the original IHC4 scores that were much more difficult to calculate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to study the prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The predictive value of mIHC4 score was also investigated.

Results

The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital data set included 315 patients with newly diagnosed ER+ MBC with a median follow-up of 25.6 months. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that higher mIHC4 scores in metastatic lesions, but not the ones in primary tumors, were significantly associated with worse PFS and OS. The prognostic value of mIHC4 scores for PFS was validated using an independent Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology- Breast Cancer (CSCO-BC) data set. More importantly, subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot analysis showed that first-line endocrine therapy achieved better PFS and OS than chemotherapy in low-risk patients with ER+/HER2− MBC, whereas first-line chemotherapy was associated with improved PFS and OS compared with endocrine therapy in high-risk ones. The predictive value of mIHC4 score for PFS in selecting first-line endocrine therapy versus chemotherapy was also confirmed in the CSCO-BC data set.

Conclusion

mIHC4 scores in metastatic lesions are prognostic for the PFS and OS in patients with ER+ MBC. Low or high mIHC4 score may indicate the survival benefit in choosing first-line endocrine therapy or chemotherapy in patients with ER+/HER2− MBC, respectively.

Implications for Practice

The modified IHC4 (mIHC4) score is easy to implement and able to predict patients with advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer. In addition, with the help of the mIHC4 score, physicians might be able to recommend chemotherapy or endocrine therapy as the first-line treatment for patients with high and low risk as predicted by the mIHC4 score.
Experimental research on the non-linear energy characteristics of granite and sandstone
Authors: He M. , Li N.
Published: June 2020

Multi-stage cyclic loading–unloading triaxial compression (MCLTC) tests of granite and red sandstone were performed to study the non-linear characteristics of energy dissipation and energy storage evolution in rock under triaxial compression (TC) with various confining pressures. The failure mode of granite and red sandstone during MCLTC testing was shear failure, which was consistent with the TC failure model. This indicated that the MCLTC path had little effect on the rock failure characteristics. The non-linear evolution characteristics of the input (Uo), elastic (Ue) and dissipated (Ud) energy densities under various confining pressures were analysed. The results showed that Uo, Ue and Ud increase non-linearly with the strain. In addition, a linear relationship between the cumulative dissipated energy, cumulative elastic energy density, and cumulative input energy density was proposed. The cumulative dissipated energy densities at peak compressive strength can be obtained due to the linear law of cumulative energy. A fitting relationship was proposed for calculating the peak strength and peak strain. The results showed that the peak strength and peak strain under various confining pressures increase with the cumulative Ue, cumulative Ud and cumulative Uo.
Chloride diffusion and time to corrosion initiation of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Peng Jianxin , Tang Huang , Xiao Linfa , Cheng Xiaokang , Zhang Jianren
Published: June 2020

The diffusion mechanism for chloride ions in concrete with varying water/cement ratio (w/c) is studied by chloride ion spray testing. A new model of chloride diffusion coefficient, which varies with the ingress depth of chloride ion and w/c, is developed. A spatial time-dependent reliability model of time to corrosion initiation (TCI) for reinforced concrete (RC) structures is developed, considering spatial variability of geometric, material and environmental parameters. The test results show that the chloride diffusion coefficient increases as w/c increases, and chloride diffusion velocity decreases as penetration depth increases. It is found that the probability of corrosion initiation considering spatial variability is 13.1–18.5% greater than that without consideration of spatial variability. This indicates that neglecting spatial variations in evaluating probability of corrosion initiation time overestimates the structural reliability. It is also found that the probability of corrosion initiation for future climate change is 9–11% higher than that obtained from constant temperature. The mean value of TCI based on a time-dependent chloride diffusion coefficient is 16.7% less than that obtained for a constant chloride diffusion coefficient. This suggests that it is more appropriate if penetration depth and w/c is considered when determining the time-dependent chloride diffusion coefficient.
Population structure of Alnus jorullensis , a species used as firewood by five rural communities in a natural protected area of Mexico
Authors: López-Sánchez Carla Leticia , Bolívar-Cimé Beatriz , Aparicio-Rentería Armando , Viveros-Viveros Héctor
Published: June 2020

Background: Ilite (Alnus jorullensis ) is a very important pioneer species for the regeneration of temperate forests but also the source of fuel for the inhabitants of the Cofre de Perote National Park in Veracruz, Mexico.
Questions: How much ilite is consumed by families in the Cofre de Perote National Park? What type of population structure is exhibited by Alnus jorullensis ? Are there differences in population structure of this species between years? What is the diameter of the individuals extracted for firewood?
Study site and dates: The population structure of ilite was evaluated during April 2016 and April 2017 in five localities of the Cofre de Perote National Park.
Methods: Eighty families in these localities were interviewed about the use of firewood. Eighteen permanent plots of 20 × 50 m were established in order to record total height and diameter at breast height (130 cm) of standing trees of A. jorullensis and the basal diameter of its stumps.
Results: Families in the study area indicated that they use in average 2 loads of ilite as firewood per week and extract adult individuals. Population density of ilite decreased from 2016 to 2017, in both years juvenile individuals were predominant, with a low presence of seedlings. Population structure did not differ between years. The basal diameters of stumps measured between 6 and 214 cm.
Conclusions: Extraction of A. jorullensis did not change its population structure between years, however local inhabitants perceive that this activity and clandestine logging are affecting their availability.
Conocimiento y manejo tradicional de Agave karwinskii en el sur de México
Authors: Vázquez-Pérez Nancy , Blancas José , Torres-García Ignacio , García-Mendoza Abisaí , Casas Alejandro , Moreno-Calles Ana Isabel , Maldonado-Almanza Belinda , Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: La intensidad de manejo en plantas está influida por factores socioecológicos, destacando el valor económico y la disponibilidad espacial de los recursos. Agave karwinskii es un recurso cultural, económica y ecológicamente relevante, con alta diversidad morfológica, la cual se refleja en la compleja nomenclatura tradicional. Algunos etnotaxones son mayormente valorados y enfrentan fuertes presiones debidas al auge en la demanda de mezcal. Preguntas y/o hipótesis: ¿Cuáles etnotaxa de Agave karwinskii y con qué intensidad son manejados en su área de distribución? Los etnotaxa que son aprovechados para elaborar mezcales presentarán formas más intensas de manejo debido a su alto valor y demanda. Se identificarán distintas prácticas de manejo, desde las más incipientes hasta las más complejas, en función de su valor y disponibilidad. Especie en estudio: Agave karwinskii Zucc. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Puebla y Oaxaca, México. 2017-2018 Me?todos: Se realizaron 43 entrevistas semiestructuradas a propietarios de fábricas de mezcal en el área de distribución. Se preguntó acerca del manejo de los distintos etnotaxa, prácticas de selección, atributos, valoración cultural y económica. Se calculó un índice de intensidad de manejo mediante un análisis de componentes principales. Resultados: Se reconocieron 11 etnotaxones de A. karwinskii , principalmente para producir mezcal y como cerco vivo. Estos formaron tres grupos, correspondiendo a un gradiente de intensidad de manejo. Destacan aquellos que se propagan vegetativamente y se siembran por semilla en espacios antropogénicos. Conclusiones: Se advierten procesos selectivos, los cuales pueden marcar rasgos de domesticación incipiente, como tamaños de roseta más grandes.
Conyza sumatrensis allelopathy effect on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) seed germination
Authors: Ferreira Paulo José , Zonetti Patrícia da Costa , Albrecht Alfredo Junior Paiola , Rosset Isac George , Silva André Felipe Moreira , Albrecht Leandro Paiola , Vieira Amanda Holz , Paulert Roberta
Published: June 2020

Background: Other tools for weed management should be considered in addition to the use of herbicides. In this context, the identification and use of allelopathic compounds deserves attention.
Question: To quantify phenolic compounds and evaluate the allelopathic potential of extracts of Conyza sumatrensis on the germination of Bidens pilosa .
Studied species: Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae)
Study site: Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil.
Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared with shoot and root portions of C. sumatrensis in concentrations: 0, 1, 5 and 10 %. Germination and germination speed index were evaluated. The total flavonoids and phenols of the tested extracts were also quantified.
Results: With increasing concentrations of the extracts there was an increased inhibition of germination of B. pilosa and delays in the germination process. The extracts from the shoot of C. sumatrensis had a more expressive effect on seed germination when compared to the extracts obtained from the root. At concentration of 10 %, the extract from the shoot reduced in 83 % the percentage of germination. This may be related to the higher concentration of total flavonoids and phenols found.
Conclusion: The allelopathic potential of C. sumatrensis plants can be considered since both shoot and root extracts inhibited and/or reduced the germination of B. pilosa .
Áreas de endemismo de Magnoliophyta en Morelos, México
Authors: Estrada-Márquez Ana Susana , Villaseñor José Luis , Escalante Tania
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: Las provincias florísticas Cuenca del Balsas (CB) y Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana (FVT) coinciden en el estado de Morelos y destacan por su riqueza y endemismo florístico. Documentar la distribución de su flora endémica aportaría elementos para evaluar su sensibilidad a la modificación de su entorno.
Preguntas: ¿El análisis de la distribución de especies de Magnoliophyta endémicas de México permite identificar áreas de endemismo en el estado de Morelos? ¿La distribución espacial de estas especies en Morelos posibilita identificar áreas de endemismo a escala fina?
Objetivos: Identificar áreas de endemismo a nivel nacional y Morelos utilizando especies de Magnoliophyta endémicas de México y presentes en la CB y la FVT.
Especies en estudio: 874 especies de Magnoliophyta endémicas de México.
Sitio de estudio: México y Morelos.
Métodos: Se analizaron 13,791 registros de 874 especies de Magnoliophyta y utilizando el programa NDM/VNDM se realizó un Análisis de Endemicidad para identificar áreas de endemismo en el país y el estado de Morelos.
Resultados: Cuatro áreas de endemismo fueron identificadas en el centro del país, Morelos formó parte de ellas. En Morelos también se encontraron cuatro áreas de endemismo, que concentran 17 % del endemismo empleado en el análisis. Tres áreas se ubicaron dentro de la FVT y otra en la CB.
Conclusiones: La flora de Morelos forma parte de una gran área de endemismo en el centro de México. Las áreas de endemismo identificadas en Morelos concentran especies cuya conservación es prioritaria, pues no se registran para las áreas naturales protegidas decretadas.
Apocináceas de ayer y hoy. Conocimiento histórico y reevaluación de la diversidad y distribución de Apocynaceae en México
Authors: Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O. , Lozada-Pérez Lucio , Islas-Hernández C. Sofia , Cortez Ericka B. , Maya-Mandujano Karen G. , Chávez-Hernández María G.
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes: La familia Apocynaceae está entre las 13 más diversas de México y su conocimiento taxonómico ha tenido una atención creciente con la implementación de filogenias y otras herramientas para resolver su sistemática. Con más de 10 años del último listado enfocado en la familia, resulta necesario actualizar el conocimiento sistemático del grupo.
Pregunta: ¿Cómo se ha consolidado hasta nuestros días el conocimiento sistemático del grupo en México? ¿Cómo ha cambiado el número de géneros y especies de Apocynaceae en el país y su distribución geográfica por estado?
Especie de estudio: Apocynaceae
Sitio de estudio: México
Método: Revisión de herbarios nacionales e internacionales, bases de datos y una búsqueda intensiva de literatura. Así como colectas en diferentes partes del país.
Resultados: Apocynaceae presenta 52 géneros y 418 especies nativas, 204 de ellas endémicas. La subfamilia Asclepiadoideae destaca con 27 géneros y 314 especies. Los estados con más especies y endemismos son Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz y Guerrero. Los estados con más microendemismos son Oaxaca (18 spp.), Chiapas y Jalisco (6 spp.), Baja California Sur y Veracruz (5 spp.). Se proporciona una clave de géneros y un listado actualizado.
Conclusiones: Apocynaceae se ubica en el lugar número 12 de las familias más diversas del país. Esto reitera al país como un centro de diversidad del grupo. La integración de más estudios relacionados a la aplicación de herramientas filogenéticas, modelos de distribución y redes de interacción biológica permitirá entender mejor a la familia y proporcionar una historia natural más completa.
Seasonal herbage accumulation, plant-part composition and nutritive value of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) pastures under simulated continuous stocking
Authors: Braga Gustavo José , Pedreira Carlos Guilherme Silveira , Ferreira Aliedson Sampaio , Oliveira Eliara Anaí de , Paulino Valdinei Tadeu
Published: June 2020

In order to optimize the regrowth and harvest of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) cv. Basilisk pastures it is necessary to establish more precise grazing management guidelines. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage accumulation, plant-part composition and nutritive value of signal grass managed under contrasting levels of steady-state canopy heights. Treatments included 3 canopy height targets, i.e. 10 (S-short), 17.5 (M-medium) and 25 cm (T-tall), in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Experimental units were 144-m2 plots which were grazed by groups of steers for short periods in an endeavor to keep canopy heights at the 3 desired targets. On average, herbage accumulation rate (HAR) in T pastures was greater than in M and S pastures, including the dry-wet season transition period in spring (September‒November). The S pastures had higher crude protein and lower acid detergent fiber concentrations than M and T pastures, especially in the first half of the calendar year. However, in vitro organic matter digestibility was similar for all treatments (612 g/kg). As S and M pastures had lower HARs than T pastures in the spring, it appears advantageous to maintain the signal grass canopy at ~25 cm in order to ensure quick regrowth with the return of the wet season. However, longer-term studies are needed with recording of animal performance before these initial findings can be promoted widely.
Vertical distribution, nutrient concentration and seasonal changes of fine root mass in a semi-deciduous tropical dry forest and in two adjacent pastures in the Western Llanos of Venezuela
Authors: González-Pedraza Ana Francisca , Dezzeo Nelda
Published: June 2020

With the objective to contribute to a better understanding of ecological consequences of deforestation on the below-ground system in the Western Llanos of Venezuela, we evaluated the vertical distribution, nutrient concentration and seasonal changes of total fine root mass (FRM) (<2 mm diameter) in a semi-deciduous tropical dry forest and in 2 adjacent pastures of Cynodon nlemfuensis: a young pasture (YP, 5 years old) and an old pasture (OP, 18 years old) in the Obispo municipality, Barinas State. This evaluation included measurements at the end of the rainy season, during the dry season and during the subsequent early rainy season in 2005/2006. Highest FRM was recorded during the dry season, which probably indicates a plant water-stress response mechanism. The highest proportion (63‒88%) of FRM was concentrated in the 10–20 cm soil layer at all studied sites, probably due to a higher nutrient and moisture content at that depth. Non-significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the total concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the FRM in soils supporting forest, OP and YP at the evaluated depths. Non-significant changes in the total FRM and nutrient concentrations were observed between the sampling periods and the 3 study sites. YP soils showed a slight increase in FRM that could be associated with the root growth of secondary vegetation, which is considered a weed and is periodically removed. Our results suggest that the land use change from tropical forest to pastures has not significantly affected the mass of fine roots and their carbon and nutrient concentrations. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings apply to other ecosystems.
Combined inhibition of ACK1 and AKT shows potential toward targeted therapy against KRAS-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yu Xiangjing , Liu Jie , Qiu Huawei , Hao Huiting , Zhu Jinhong , Peng Shiyun
Published: June 2020

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with KRAS (Kirsten RAt Sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) mutation has become a clinical challenge in cancer treatment as KRAS-mutant tumors are often resistant to conventional anti-tumor therapies. Activated CDC42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1), an activator of protein kinase B (AKT), is a promising target for KRAS-mutant tumor therapy, but the downstream ACK1 signaling remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combined ACK1/AKT inhibition on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H23, NCI-H358, and A549). The cells were treated with an inhibitor of either ACK1 (dasatinib or sunitinib) or AKT (MK-2206 or GDC-0068), and the optimal concentrations of the two yielding synergistic tumor-killing effects were determined by applying the Chou-Talalay equation for drug combinations. We showed that combined administration of ACK1 and AKT inhibitors at the optimal concentrations effectively suppressed NSCLC cell viability and promoted apoptosis, while inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase. Moreover, NSCLC cell migration and invasion were inhibited by combined ACK1/AKT inhibition. These phenomena were associated with the reduced phosphorylation levels of ACK1 and AKT (at Ser473 and Thr308), as well as alterations in caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrate the promising therapeutic potential of combined ACK1/AKT inhibition as a strategy against KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Our findings provide the basis for the clinical translation of biological targeted drugs (ACK1 and AKT inhibitors) and their rational combination in cancer treatment.
Outdoor Education dan Self Concept
Authors: Satria Teguh , Nur Lutfi
Published: June 2020

The deviation of social behavior of elementary school students lately is very alarming, it requires preventive and curative efforts in handling it.The focus of this study would like to see the contribution of outdoor education activities to students' self concept in the primary school of the UPI Campus Tasikmalaya Campus, Indonesia. 32 students were selected as samples through purposive sampling technique. The experimental method was used in this study. Data obtained through self concept scale questionnaire. The results of the study mentioned Outdoor Education activities contributed to the development of self concept. This finding can be used as an alternative by physical education teachers in the context of innovation and learning variation. Further research can be carried out on the development of other affective aspects such as assertive behavior. Abstrak Penyimpangan perilaku sosial siswa sekolah dasar akhir-akhir ini sangat memprihatinkan, diperlukan upaya preventif dan kuratif dalam menanganinya. Fokus penelitian ini ingin melihat kontribusi aktivitas outdoor education terhadap self concept siswa di sekolah dasar laboratorium percontohan UPI Kampus Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Sebanyak 32 siswa dipilih menjadi sampel melalui teknik purposive sampling. Metode eksperimen digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner skala self concept. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan aktivitas Outdoor Education memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan self concept. Temuan ini dapat dijadikan alternatif oleh para guru pendidikan jasmani dalam rangka inovasi dan variasi pembelajaran. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan terhadap pengembangan aspek afektif lainnya seperti perilaku assertif.
Value Orientations in Musical Folklore Peculiar for the Indigenous Minorities of Krasnoyarsk Krai: Research Overview
Authors: Bereziuk Svetlana V. , Khrebtov Mikhail Ia.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of the musical folklore analysis from the perspective of cultural knowledge. The analysis is aimed to determine value orientations in the course of the musical folklore phenomenon comprehension. The comparative and typological research methods are applied for an analytical overview of this issue. The conducted analysis has resulted in the conclusions about the peculiar features of musical folklore in its historical and cultural development. The main purpose of the considered phenomenon in its value orientation has been revealed. It is claimed that musical folklore is one of the areas of musical art. It has its own spiritual space and displays some features of cultural knowledge. The obtained data can be used for further research of the peoples from other regions of Russia
Igarka as a Frontier: Lessons from the Pioneer of the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Zamiatina Nadezhda Yu.
Published: June 2020

The article considers the development trajectory of Igarka, a pioneer export port of the Northern Sea Route. The focus is made on analyzing the possibilities of preserving the town after the collapse of the town-forming enterprises. The main conceptual framework of the analysis is the Jack London’s hypothesis introduced by Alaskan economist Lee Husky (about potential of frontier cities for further development in the post-boom period). The findings are that the reason for the current economic and social crises in Igarka is not only the change in the conditions of timber export and navigation along the Northern Sea Route in the 1990s, but also the reduced economic functions of the town, as well as the decrease in the diversity of the urban environment as a whole, after paradoxically record production indicators in the last Soviet decades
UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS OF PARADIGMATIC CHANGES IN SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY
Authors: Usatenko Tamara , Usatenko Halyna
Published: June 2020

In the article the features of the development of classical and nonclassical types of science of Ukrainian studies in accordance with the transformation processes of epistemological methodology, its scientific, natural, socio-political paradigm are analyzed. The article focuses on the modern changes in the methodological paradigms of the Ukrainian studies. Decoding the meanings of Ukrainian studies, attention is drawn to the fact that the term carries on both the knowledge about external world of Ukraine: factual, objective, mainly subjective in the natural-scientific paradigm of epistemological methodology and the knowledge (information) about internal subjective world of humans (rational, irrational), which is the basis of epistemological methodology.
Researches in the fields of Ukrainian studies through the prism of scientific methodology make it possible to analyze in depth the processes of humanization, humanitarianism, humanization, which approach the "meetings" of subjective and objective, irrational and rational etc., actualize the problem of approaching the natural and human-dimensional world. Such structural epistemological factors of cognition are the foundations of cultural and anthropological paradigms, worldview navigations, which are considered in the context of value orientations of classical, nonclassical Ukrainian studies, as the basis of the inner human-dimensional world, detailed culturalanthropological, technological and worldviews paradigms of scientific methodology. Attention is paid to the "decoding" of the terminological system, in particular the gravitas of Ukrainian studies, whose semantics lays the cross-cutting idea of New European science - the approximation of objectivity and subjectivity.