bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yet Another Model! A Study on Model’s Similarities for Defect and Code Smells
Authors: Santos Geanderson , Santana Amanda , Vale Gustavo , Figueiredo Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Software defect and code smell prediction help developers identify problems in the code and fix them before they degrade the quality or the user experience. The prediction of software defects and code smells is challenging, since it involves many factors inherent to the development process. Many studies propose machine learning models for defects and code smells. However, we have not found studies that explore and compare these machine learning models, nor that focus on the explainability of the models. This analysis allows us to verify which features and quality attributes influence software defects and code smells. Hence, developers can use this information to predict if a class may be faulty or smelly through the evaluation of a few features and quality attributes. In this study, we fill this gap by comparing machine learning models for predicting defects and seven code smells. We trained in a dataset composed of 19,024 classes and 70 software features that range from different quality attributes extracted from 14 Java open-source projects. We then ensemble five machine learning models and employed explainability concepts to explore the redundancies in the models using the top-10 software features and quality attributes that are known to contribute to the defects and code smell predictions. Furthermore, we conclude that although the quality attributes vary among the models, the complexity, documentation, and size are the most relevant. More specifically, Nesting Level Else-If is the only software feature relevant to all models.
Concolic Testing of Front-end JavaScript
Authors: Li Zhe , Xie Fei
Published: April 2023

JavaScript has become the most popular programming language for web front-end development. With such popularity, there is a great demand for thorough testing of client-side JavaScript web applications. In this paper, we present a novel approach to concolic testing of front-end JavaScript web applications. This approach leverages widely used JavaScript testing frameworks such as Jest and Puppeteer and conducts concolic execution on JavaScript functions in web applications for unit testing. The seamless integration of concolic testing with these testing frameworks allows injection of symbolic variables within the native execution context of a JavaScript web function and precise capture of concrete execution traces of the function under test. Such concise execution traces greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the subsequent symbolic analysis for test generation. We have implemented our approach on Jest and Puppeteer. The application of our Jest implementation on Metamask, one of the most popular Crypto wallets, has uncovered 3 bugs and 1 test suite improvement, whose bug reports have all been accepted by Metamask developers on Github. We also applied our Puppeteer implementation to 21 Github projects and detected 4 bugs.
Efficient Bounded Exhaustive Input Generation from Program APIs
Authors: Politano Mariano , Bengolea Valeria , Molina Facundo , Aguirre Nazareno , Frias Marcelo F. , Ponzio Pablo
Published: April 2023

Bounded exhaustive input generation (BEG) is an effective approach to reveal software faults. However, existing BEG approaches require a precise specification of the valid inputs, i.e., a , that must be provided by the user. Writing s for BEG is challenging and time consuming, and they are seldom available in software.

In this paper, we introduce , an efficient approach that employs routines from the API of the software under test to perform BEG. Like API-based test generation approaches, creates sequences of calls to methods from the API, and executes them to generate inputs. As opposed to existing BEG approaches, does not require a to be provided by the user. To make BEG from the API feasible, implements three key pruning techniques: (i) discarding test sequences whose execution produces exceptions violating API usage rules, (ii) state matching to discard test sequences that produce inputs already created by previously explored test sequences, and (iii) the automated identification and use of a subset of methods from the API, called builders, that is sufficient to perform BEG.

Our experimental assessment shows that ’s efficiency and scalability is competitive with existing BEG approaches, without the need for s. We also show that can assist the user in finding flaws in s, by (automatically) comparing inputs generated by with those generated from a . Using this approach, we revealed several errors in s taken from the assessment of related tools, demonstrating the difficulties of writing precise s for BEG.
Progressive Pedagogies and Community Connections: Fifty Years of Urban Planning and Architectural Design
Authors: Le Nepveu Simon
Published: April 2023

This chapter reflects on fifty years of design industry experience working with schools to create better learning environments and community connections. It draws on the work of ClarkeHopkinsClarke Architects to explore changes over time with a focus on schools in Victoria, Australia. Starting with the work of co-founder, the late Les Clarke AM on Eltham College in the early 1970s, the chapter traces developments in school as community hub planning and design since that time and concludes with lessons learned about ‘Impacting Tomorrow’ through design that is sustainable socially, environmentally and financially. With a view towards scaling the concept, it is suggested that research-based evidence is needed to establish policies and practices that will enable schools to be developed as community hubs through joined-up approaches that involve enduring partnerships between educators, governments, and communities.
Designing for the Needs of a Thriving School Community Hub
Authors: Moeck Peter E. , Branford Angela K.
Published: April 2023

This is the story of a community hub in an independent South Australian faith-based school. The aim of this community hub is to address multi-generational disadvantage with an agile approach that is personalised to the needs of local families. While co-located infrastructure exists—comprising a school, church, kindergarten, public sector children’s centre, opportunity shop, community shed and emergency housing—there is a need to promote connections within and beyond this infrastructure through a dedicated community hub space. To address this need, in 2020 we prepared an architectural design concept for a welcoming community space located at the intersection of school, church, and kindergarten, providing a physical structure to ‘wrap around’ the existing personal services. This space has yet to be built but will ensure the community hub can help people develop the capacity to change their own lives. The ethos, culture, and approach that has been adopted for this community hub is based on the ‘Family Zone’ model developed by Lutheran Care. The vision for this hub has wellbeing as the focus which resonates with the shared values and mission of school, care agency and church. In this chapter we, the school’s principal and the architect who developed the architectural design, reflect on the school community’s journey. The common theme is that it takes time to build cooperative relationships, connections, and trust. ‘You are welcome’ and developing a sense of belonging is at the heart of developing this community hub.
Planning Doveton College: Holistic Vision, Innovative Design and Paving the Way for Others
Authors: Robinson Laurence
Published: April 2023

Doveton College is a unique project in the delivery of integrated community and education services for a community in need. It is one of the most comprehensive and successful examples of a school as community hub and since its opening it has been a strong influence for the delivery of many other projects with similar ambitions. This paper explores the planning context for the project, the key architectural strategies that led to the success of the design and some of the lessons learnt during the process and since opening.
Emotional Labour and Developing Schools as Community Hubs
Authors: Chandler Philippa , Backhouse Sarah
Published: April 2023

The benefits of schools as community hubs for students, teachers, families, and the wider community have been documented in Australia and internationally. Indeed, connecting with community is now a key performance indicator for many Australian school principals. Nevertheless, planning, designing, and sustaining community-facing schools can be time-consuming and demanding for the professionals tasked with their delivery. Successful hub projects rely on the creation of trusting partnerships and establishing and communicating shared visions, as well as deft management of entrenched attitudes, resistance to change, and at times conflict. This chapter examines the experiences of professionals involved in delivering schools as community hub projects. Data is drawn from a workshop, post-workshop survey and seven in-depth interviews with school principals, architects, hub partners, policymakers, and others tasked with delivering ‘school as community hub’ projects. Rewarding as hub projects can be, the findings suggest that they can place high demands on the emotional resources of those involved. Our evidence suggests a strong theme of emotional labour, with implications for wellbeing, job satisfaction, and burnout. As a counterbalance, we argue that hub partnership mediators, dedicated hub staffing, and training pathways for leaders may help sustain more schools as community hubs to benefit children, their families and the broader community.
Rear Vision: Lessons from Community Education in the 80s
Authors: Brennan Martin
Published: April 2023

This chapter presents an historical framework of community education concepts through its roots in the USA and a 1980’s Australian example of a school as a community hub: Princes Hill School Park Centre. The writer’s reflective narrative reveals experience of a rich history of interaction between schools, communities, and local government and how the concept of community education expanded from community use of school facilities to community empowerment and resilience. In the context of reviewing the current largely untapped potential of schools as community hubs, the term ‘rear vision’ emerged, reflecting a sense of ‘looking back to look forward’. The experience of community education in the 1980s in Australia and the USA, informs how ‘schools as community hubs’ can embrace the building of new connections. In the 1980s the Princes Hill School Park Centre adopted a community empowerment model reflecting the need to move beyond the use of school facilities and instead radically engage the school, community and the local government in a range of activities that promoted and facilitated participatory decision-making. The history of the community education movement provides evidence that broadening the role of schools beyond the use of their facilities can build connections, resilience and empower communities.
Nature as Partner: How School Communities Benefit from Ecological Connections
Authors: Hron Cynthia L.
Published: April 2023

How have schools partnered with nature—as an architectural influence and pedagogical framework—to improve the campus experience for their communities? Influenced by John Dewey’s web of life concepts as a position to consider the interrelations between schooling and life, this chapter explores the benefits to schools and their communities of partnering with nature to support academic, physical, and mental well-being. Dewey believed that public education had a fundamental responsibility to support young people to understand the world around them. Public-school examples in the United States are discussed, as shaped by green infrastructure initiatives; ecosystem services; biophilic design; and community hub constructs. In this context, the motivations of stakeholders to develop partnerships between schools and nature are identified and were found to relate to desires for environmentally sustainable infrastructure, developing community networks—socially and ecologically—and delivering health and wellbeing benefits for students, teachers, professional staff, and members of the broader community.
Higgs squared
Authors: Csáki Csaba , Ismail Ameen , Ruhdorfer Maximilian , Tooby-Smith Joseph
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We present a novel construction for a Higgs-VEV sensitive (HVS) operator, which can be used as a trigger operator in cosmic selection models for the electroweak hierarchy problem. Our operator does not contain any degrees of freedom charged under the SM gauge symmetries, leading to reduced tuning in the resulting models. Our construction is based on the extension of a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) with a softly broken approximate global D8 symmetry (the symmetry group of a square). A cosmic crunching model based on our extended Higgs sector has only a percent level tuning corresponding to the usual little hierarchy problem. In large regions of parameter space the 2HDM is naturally pushed towards the alignment limit. A complete model requires the introduction of fermionic top partners to ensure the approximate D8 symmetry in the fermion sector. We also show that the same extended Higgs sector can be used for a novel implementation of the seesaw mechanism of neutrino masses.
Light strings and strong coupling in F-theory
Authors: Wiesner Max
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We consider 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories arising from F-theory compactifications on elliptically-fibered Calabi-Yau four-folds and investigate the non-perturbative structure of their scalar field space beyond the large volume/large complex structure regime. We focus on regimes where the F-theory field space effectively reduces to the deformation space of the worldsheet theory of a critical string obtained from a wrapped D3-brane. In case that this critical string is a heterotic string with a simple GLSM description, we identify new strong coupling singularities in the interior of the F-theory field space. Whereas from the perturbative perspective these singularities manifest themselves through a breakdown of the perturbative α′-expansion, the dual GLSM perspective reveals that at the non-perturbative level these singularities correspond to loci in field space along which the worldsheet theory of the critical D3-brane string breaks down and a 7-brane gauge theory becomes strongly coupled due to quantum effects. Therefore these singularities signal a transition to a strong coupling phase in the F-theory field space which can be shown to arise due to the failure of the F-theory field space to factorize between complex structure and Kähler sector at the quantum level. Such singularities are hence a feature of a genuine $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theory without a direct counterpart in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories in 4d. By relating our setup to recent studies of global string solutions associated to axionic strings we argue that the D3-brane string dual to the perturbative heterotic string leaves the spectrum of BPS strings when traversing into the strong coupling phase. The absence of the perturbative, critical heterotic string then provides a physical explanation for the breakdown of the perturbative expansion and the obstruction of certain classical infinite distance limits in accordance with the Emergent String Conjecture.
Besuche von minderjährigen Angehörigen in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin
Authors: Brauchle Maria , Deffner Teresa , Brinkmann Alexander , Dehner Svenja , Dubb Rolf , Finkeldei Simon , Gatzweiler Birga , Hermes Carsten , Heyd Christian , Hoffmann Magdalena , Jeitziner Marie-Madlen , Kaltwasser Arnold , Kern Tita , Knochel Kathrin , Krüger Lars , Melching Heiner , Michels Guido , Müller-Wolff Tilmann , Pelz Sabrina , Rudolph Julian , Schindele Denise , Seidlein Anna-Henrikje , Simon Arne , Ufelmann Marina , Nydahl Peter
Published: April 2023

In diesem Empfehlungspapier werden zentrale Vorschläge für den Besuch von Kindern auf Intensivstationen (Pädiatrie und Erwachsenenbereich), Intermediate-care-Stationen und in Notaufnahmen vorgestellt. Auf Intensivstationen und in Notaufnahmen im deutschsprachigen Raum werden die Besuchsregelungen für Kinder und Jugendliche sehr heterogen gestaltet. Mitunter dürfen sie ohne Begrenzungen in Alter und Dauer Patient:innen besuchen, manchmal ist dies erst ab dem Teenageralter und nur für kurze Dauer möglich. Ein Besuchswunsch von Kindern löst beim Personal oftmals unterschiedliche, teilweise ablehnende Reaktionen aus. Leitungen sind aufgefordert, diese Haltung gemeinsam mit ihren Mitarbeiter:innen zu reflektieren und eine Kultur der familienorientierten Versorgung zu entwickeln. Obwohl die Evidenz für Vorteile durch Kinder als Besuchende begrenzt ist, spricht mehr für als gegen einen Besuch, auch in hygienischer, psychosozialer, ethischer, religiöser und kultureller Hinsicht. Dennoch ist keine pauschale Empfehlung für oder gegen einen Besuch möglich. Die Entscheidungen für Besuche sind komplex und bedürfen sorgfältiger Überlegungen und Abwägungen.
Genetic analysis of global faba bean diversity, agronomic traits and selection signatures
Authors: Skovbjerg Cathrine Kiel , Angra Deepti , Robertson-Shersby-Harvie Tom , Kreplak Jonathan , Keeble-Gagnère Gabriel , Kaur Sukhjiwan , Ecke Wolfgang , Windhorst Alex , Nielsen Linda Kærgaard , Schiemann Andrea , Knudsen Jens , Gutierrez Natalia , Tagkouli Vasiliki , Fechete Lavinia Ioana , Janss Luc , Stougaard Jens , Warsame Ahmed , Alves Sheila , Khazaei Hamid , Link Wolfgang , Torres Ana Maria , O’Sullivan Donal Martin , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj
Published: April 2023

Key message

We identified marker-trait associations for key faba bean agronomic traits and genomic signatures of selection within a global germplasm collection.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a high-protein grain legume crop with great potential for sustainable protein production. However, little is known about the genetics underlying trait diversity. In this study, we used 21,345 high-quality SNP markers to genetically characterize 2678 faba bean genotypes. We performed genome-wide association studies of key agronomic traits using a seven-parent-MAGIC population and detected 238 significant marker-trait associations linked to 12 traits of agronomic importance. Sixty-five of these were stable across multiple environments. Using a non-redundant diversity panel of 685 accessions from 52 countries, we identified three subpopulations differentiated by geographical origin and 33 genomic regions subjected to strong diversifying selection between subpopulations. We found that SNP markers associated with the differentiation of northern and southern accessions explained a significant proportion of agronomic trait variance in the seven-parent-MAGIC population, suggesting that some of these traits were targets of selection during breeding. Our findings point to genomic regions associated with important agronomic traits and selection, facilitating faba bean genomics-based breeding.
Effect of tumor genetics, pathology, and location on fMRI of language reorganization in brain tumor patients
Authors: Pasquini Luca , Yildirim Onur , Silveira Patrick , Tamer Christel , Napolitano Antonio , Lucignani Martina , Jenabi Mehrnaz , Peck Kyung K. , Holodny Andrei
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Language reorganization may follow tumor invasion of the dominant hemisphere. Tumor location, grade, and genetics influence the communication between eloquent areas and tumor growth dynamics, which are drivers of language plasticity. We evaluated tumor-induced language reorganization studying the relationship of fMRI language laterality to tumor-related variables (grade, genetics, location), and patient-related variables (age, sex, handedness).

Methods

The study was retrospective cross-sectional. We included patients with left-hemispheric tumors (study group) and right-hemispheric tumors (controls). We calculated five fMRI laterality indexes (LI): hemispheric, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, Broca’s area (BA), Wernicke’s area (WA). We defined LI ≥ 0.2 as left-lateralized (LL) and LI < 0.2 as atypical lateralized (AL). Chi-square test (p < 0.05) was employed to identify the relationship between LI and tumor/patient variables in the study group. For those variables having significant results, confounding factors were evaluated in a multinomial logistic regression model.

Results

We included 405 patients (235 M, mean age: 51 years old) and 49 controls (36 M, mean age: 51 years old). Contralateral language reorganization was more common in patients than controls. The statistical analysis demonstrated significant association between BA LI and patient sex (p = 0.005); frontal LI, BA LI, and tumor location in BA (p < 0.001); hemispheric LI and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mutation (p = 0.019); WA LI and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter (MGMT) methylation in high-grade gliomas (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

Tumor genetics, pathology, and location influence language laterality, possibly due to cortical plasticity. Increased fMRI activation in the right hemisphere was seen in patients with tumors in the frontal lobe, BA and WA, FGFR mutation, and MGMT promoter methylation.

Key Points

• Patients harboring left-hemispheric tumors present with contralateral translocation of language function. Influential variables for this phenomenon included frontal tumor location, BA location, WA location, sex, MGMT promoter methylation, and FGFR mutation.

• Tumor location, grade, and genetics may influence language plasticity, thereby affecting both communication between eloquent areas and tumor growth dynamics.

• In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated language reorganization in 405 brain tumor patients by studying the relationship of fMRI language laterality to tumor-related variables (grade, genetics, location), and patient-related variables (age, sex, handedness).
A systematic review of the neurobiological effects of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Authors: Kirkovski Melissa , Donaldson Peter H. , Do Michael , Speranza Bridgette E. , Albein-Urios Natalia , Oberman Lindsay M. , Enticott Peter G.
Published: April 2023

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is associated with the modulation of a range of clinical, cognitive, and behavioural outcomes, but specific neurobiological effects remain somewhat unclear. This systematic literature review investigated resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) outcomes post-TBS in healthy human adults. Fifty studies that applied either continuous—or intermittent—(c/i) TBS, and adopted a pretest–posttest or sham-controlled design, were included. For resting-state outcomes following stimulation applied to motor, temporal, parietal, occipital, or cerebellar regions, functional connectivity generally decreased in response to cTBS and increased in response to iTBS, though there were some exceptions to this pattern of response. These findings are mostly consistent with the assumed long-term depression (LTD)/long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity effects of cTBS and iTBS, respectively. Task-related outcomes following TBS were more variable. TBS applied to the prefrontal cortex, irrespective of task or state, also produced more variable responses, with no consistent patterns emerging. Individual participant and methodological factors are likely to contribute to the variability in responses to TBS. Future studies assessing the effects of TBS via fMRI must account for factors known to affect the TBS outcomes, both at the level of individual participants and of research methodology.
Incidence profile of four major cancers among migrants in Australia, 2005–2014
Authors: Yu Xue Qin , Weber Marianne , Smith David , Velentzis Louiza , Kliewer Erich V. , David Michael , Feletto Eleonora
Published: April 2023

Purpose

To compare the incidence profile of four major cancers in Australia by place of birth.

Methods

In this retrospective population-based cohort study, the analysis included 548,851 residents diagnosed with primary colorectum, lung, female breast, or prostate cancer during 2005–2014. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for migrant groups relative to Australian-born.

Results

Compared with Australian-born residents, most migrant groups had significantly lower incidence rates for cancers of the colorectum, breast and prostate. The lowest rates of colorectal cancer were among males born in Central America (IRR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.74) and females born in Central Asia (IRR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.64). Males born in North-East Asia had the lowest rates of prostate cancer (IRR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.38–0.43) and females born in Central Asia had the lowest rates of breast cancer (IRR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.70). For lung cancer, several migrant groups had higher rates than Australian-born residents, with the highest rates among those from Melanesia (males IRR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.10–1.76; females IRR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.10–1.78).

Conclusions

This study describes cancer patterns among Australian migrants, which are potentially helpful in understanding the etiology of these cancers and guiding the implementation of culturally sensitive and safe prevention measures. The lower incidence rates observed for most migrant groups may be maintained with continued emphasis on supporting communities to minimize modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption and participation in organized cancer screening programmes. Additionally, culturally sensitive tobacco control measures should be targeted to migrant communities with high lung cancer incidence rates.
Association of polymorphisms of calcium reabsorption genes SLC12A1, KCNJ1 and SLC8A1 with colorectal adenoma
Authors: Lai Xiaolian , Lu Shuoyan , Jiang Jia , Zhang Hanqun , Yang Qinglin , Liu Yuncong , Li Libo , Li Sanming , Dai Si , Chen Yanping , Chen Yan , Liu Jun , Li Yong
Published: April 2023

Background

In recent years, morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer have increased. Colorectal adenoma is the main precancerous lesion. Understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal adenoma will help to improve the early diagnosis rate of colorectal cancer.

Methods

In this case–control study, we focused on three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes SLC8A1 (rs4952490), KCNJ1 (rs2855798), and SLC12A1 (rs1531916). We analyzed 207 colorectal adenoma patients (112 high-risk cases and 95 low-risk cases) and 212 control subjects by Sanger sequencing. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to survey demographic characteristics and dietary nutrition.

Results

In the overall analysis, the results suggested that the AA+AG and AG genotype carriers of rs4952490 had a 73.1% and 78% lower risk of colorectal adenoma compared to GG genotype carriers, respectively. However rs2855798 and rs1531916 were not associated with the incidence of colorectal adenoma. Additionally, stratified analysis showed that rs4952490 AA+AG and AG genotypes had a protective effect against low-risk colorectal adenoma in patients aged ≤ 60 years old who were non-smokers. We also observed that when calcium intake was higher than 616 mg/d and patients carried at least one gene with variant alleles there was a protective effect against low-risk colorectal adenoma.

Conclusions

Interactions between dietary calcium intake and calcium reabsorption genes may affect the occurrence and development of colorectal adenoma.
Novel Process Approach for Additive Manufacturing Using Inductive Wire Melting by Forced Droplet Detachment
Authors: Kimme Jonas , Fröhlich Alexander , Kroll Martin , Kräusel Verena
Published: April 2023

To date, no AM technology for large-volume metallic components has been established on an industrial scale like Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). This contribution presents a new process approach to fabricate larger metallic structures from steel by inductive melting of a continuously fed wire. The presented method is characterized by the comparatively low energy input in contrast to comparable processes for AM, such as arc, laser, or electron beam. Previously published work is based on the principle of a melt reservoir of low-melting alloys and droplet delivery using gas pressure or vibration. In contrast, the approach described here is to transfer the material directly from the end of the wire to the substrate by continuous drop deposition. However, to avoid a stochastic material transition, a suitable process strategy has to be chosen. This challenge is met by a pulsed coil current and the resulting periodically varying Lorentz forces in order to achieve regular and forced droplet detachment. Tests confirm the principle of controlled droplet detachment and reveal the great potential of this technological approach.
Clinical and patient-reported outcome after patient-specific 3D printer-assisted cranioplasty
Authors: Ebel Florian , Schön Stephan , Sharma Neha , Guzman Raphael , Mariani Luigi , Thieringer Florian M. , Soleman Jehuda
Published: April 2023

Various cranioplasty techniques exist for the reconstruction of cranial bone defects. Patient-specific implants can be produced in-house using a recently developed 3D printer-assisted cranioplasty technique. However, the resulting cosmetic outcomes from the patient’s perspective are underreported. With our case series, we aim to present the clinical outcome, morbidity rate, patient-reported cosmetic results, and cost-effectiveness of patient-specific3D printer-assisted cranioplasty technique. This is a consecutive retrospective case series of adult patients undergoing cranioplasty using the patient-specific 3D printer-assisted technique. As primary endpoint, the functional outcome based on modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge and follow-up was assessed. A prospective telephone survey was conducted to collect and provide patient-reported outcomes. Thirty-one patients underwent patient-specific 3D printer-assisted cranioplasty, mostly to reconstruct frontotemporoparietal (61.3%) and frontotemporal defects with orbital involvement (19.4%). Good functional outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at discharge and during the last follow-up was achieved in 54.8% (n = 17) and 58.1% (n = 18) patients. Overall, the rate of clinically relevant surgery-related complications was 35.5% (n = 11). Postoperative epidural hematoma/collection (16.1%) and infections (12.9%) were the most frequent complications. Permanent morbidity occurred in one patient (3.2%) with postoperative acute ipsilateral vision loss after frontotemporal cranioplasty with orbital involvement. No surgery-related mortality occurred. The mean patient-reported cosmetic satisfaction score was 7.8 ± 1.5, with 80% of patients reporting satisfying or very satisfying cosmetic results. No significant differences were seen between the different defect localization regarding the cosmetic outcome. The mean manufacturing costs of a patient-specific 3D printer-assisted implant ranged from 748 to 1129 USD. Based on our case series, patient-specific 3D printer-assisted cranioplasty is cost-effective and leads to satisfying cosmetic results, especially in large defects and/or defects with complex geometry.
AiCEF: an AI-assisted cyber exercise content generation framework using named entity recognition
Authors: Zacharis Alexandros , Patsakis Constantinos
Published: April 2023

Content generation that is both relevant and up to date with the current threats of the target audience is a critical element in the success of any cyber security exercise (CSE). Through this work, we explore the results of applying machine learning techniques to unstructured information sources to generate structured CSE content. The corpus of our work is a large dataset of publicly available cyber security articles that have been used to predict future threats and to form the skeleton for new exercise scenarios. Machine learning techniques, like named entity recognition and topic extraction, have been utilised to structure the information based on a novel ontology we developed, named Cyber Exercise Scenario Ontology (CESO). Moreover, we used clustering with outliers to classify the generated extracted data into objects of our ontology. Graph comparison methodologies were used to match generated scenario fragments to known threat actors’ tactics and help enrich the proposed scenario accordingly with the help of synthetic text generators. CESO has also been chosen as the prominent way to express both fragments and the final proposed scenario content by our AI-assisted Cyber Exercise Framework. Our methodology was assessed by providing a set of generated scenarios for evaluation to a group of experts to be used as part of a real-world awareness tabletop exercise.
Analysing the benefits of trajectory deviations for planar trajectory optimisation
Authors: Arif Salman , Atkin Jason , De Maere Geert
Published: April 2023

Aircraft traverse airspace sectors under the supervision of Air Traffic Controllers by following navigation points. The trajectories can deviate from these points under the supervision of controllers. However, the controllers have to consider various factors for managing air traffic which increases their workload. We aim to offline analyse the potential benefits of trajectory deviations, by tactically shifting navigation points for planar trajectory optimisation of multiple aircraft at an enroute sector level. Historic deviations of trajectories are considered for this analysis to implement them at practical level. Within nominal speed and turning rate of aircraft trajectories, 5.47% reduction in time cost and an annual fuel saving worth US$ 29.32 million has been estimated using shifts for an airspace sector.
Use of delivery drones for humanitarian operations: analysis of adoption barriers among logistics service providers from the technology acceptance model perspective
Authors: Edwards David , Subramanian Nachiappan , Chaudhuri Atanu , Morlacchi Piera , Zeng Wen
Published: April 2023

Delivery drones are yet to be adopted as a systematic delivery system for humanitarian operations but have the potential to substantially increase the efficiency and effectiveness of future delivery options. Thus, we analyse the impact of factors affecting the adoption of delivery drones by logistics service providers for humanitarian operations. A conceptual model of potential barriers to adoption and development is created using the Technology Acceptance Model theory involving security, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude as factors that affect the intention to use. We validate the model using empirical data collected from 103 respondents by the 10 leading logistics firms located in China between May and August 2016. through a survey to examine factors currently affecting the intention/non-intention to adopt delivery drones. The results show that ease of use and addressing key security considerations about the drone, the delivery package and the recipient are crucial for adopting the technology as a specialized delivery option for logistics service providers. This is the first study of its kind and contributes to understanding the operational, supply chain and behavioural factors in the adoption of drones by logistics services providers for humanitarian operations.
Use of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) for polymer composites obtaining: a mapping review
Authors: Suárez Luis , Ortega Zaida , Barczewski Mateusz , Cunningham Eoin
Published: April 2023

The massive biomass availability generated by the common giant reed (Arundo donaxL.) motivates the research for its possible industrial use for high-added-value products through a biorefinery approach. The literature demonstrates the potential of common cane to obtain different high-value compounds, such as levulinic acid, oligosaccharides, fermentable sugars, highly digestible fiber for animal feed, polyphenols, and natural fibers for composite materials, among others.Arundocan also provide valuable lignocellulosic fibers with an application as composite reinforcement, which is the aim of this review. The work is split into different sections: fiber obtaining, mainly done by mechanical procedures, fiber characterization (composition, thermal degradation, "mechanical properties", and crystallinity), and properties of composites with reed fiber. Most authors refer to producing board panels with insulating properties, followed by introducing reed fibers or ground materials in thermoset resins. Few papers focus on the production of thermoplastic composites withArundo, which shows the opportunity for deepening research in this area. PRISMA flowchart has been followed to perform the literature review. Different sources have been used, and retrieved results have been combined to obtain the core studies assessed in this review, evaluating the options of usingArundofibers to obtain polymer composites.
Error estimates for Runge–Kutta schemes of optimal control problems with index 1 DAEs
Authors: Martens Björn
Published: April 2023

In this paper we derive error estimates for Runge–Kutta schemes of optimal control problems subject to index one differential–algebraic equations (DAEs). Usually, Runge–Kutta methods applied to DAEs approximate the differential and algebraic state in an analogous manner. These schemes can be considered as discretizations of the index reduced system where the algebraic equation is solved for the algebraic variable to get an explicit ordinary differential equation. However, in optimal control this approach yields discrete necessary conditions that are not consistent with the continuous necessary conditions which are essential for deriving error estimates. Therefore, we suggest to treat the algebraic variable like a control, obtaining a new type of Runge–Kutta scheme. For this method we derive consistent necessary conditions and compare the discrete and continuous systems to get error estimates up to order three for the states and control as well as the multipliers.
A case study of improving a non-technical losses detection system through explainability
Authors: Coma-Puig Bernat , Calvo Albert , Carmona Josep , Gavaldà Ricard
Published: April 2023

Detecting and reacting to non-technical losses (NTL) is a fundamental activity that energy providers need to face in their daily routines. This is known to be challenging since the phenomenon of NTL is multi-factored, dynamic and extremely contextual, which makes artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning, natural areas to bring effective and tailored solutions. If the human factor is disregarded in the process of detecting NTL, there is a high risk of performance degradation since typical problems like dataset shift and biases cannot be easily identified by an algorithm. This paper presents a case study on incorporating explainable AI (XAI) in a mature NTL detection system that has been in production in the last years both in electricity and gas. The experience shows that incorporating this capability brings interesting improvements to the initial system and especially serves as a common ground where domain experts, data scientists, and business analysts can meet.
Too Much of a Good Thing Might Be Bad: the Double-Edged Sword of Parental Aspirations and the Adverse Effects of Aspiration-Expectation Gaps
Authors: Marsh Herbert W. , Pekrun Reinhard , Guo Jiesi , Hattie John , Karin Eyal
Published: April 2023

Conventional wisdom suggests that parents’ educational expectations (how far they expect their children to go) and aspirations (how far they want their children to go) positively impact academic outcomes and benefits from attending high-ability schools. However, here we juxtapose the following: largely positive effects of educational expectations (of parents, teachers, and students); small, mixed effects of parent aspirations; largely adverse effects of parental aspiration-expectation gaps; and negative effects of school-average achievement on expectations, aspirations, and subsequent outcomes. We used a large, nationally representative longitudinal sample (16,197 Year-10 students from 751 US high schools).

Controlling background (achievement, SES, gender, age, ethnicity, academic track, and a composite risk factor), Year 10 educational expectations of teachers and parents had consistently positive effects on the following: student expectations in Years 10 and 12, Year 10 academic self-concept, final high-school grade-point-averages, and long-term outcomes at age 26 (educational attainment, educational and occupational expectations). Effects of parent aspirations on these outcomes were predominantly small and mixed in direction. However, the aspiration-expectation gap negatively predicted all these outcomes. Contrary to our proposed Goldilocks Effect (not too much, not too little, but just right), non-linear effects of expectations and aspirations were small and largely non-significant.

Parent, teacher, student expectations, and parent aspirations were all negatively predicted by school-average achievement (a big-fish-little-pond effect). However, these adverse effects of school-average achievement were larger for parents and particularly teachers than students. Furthermore, these expectations and aspirations partly mediated the adverse impacts of school-average achievement on subsequent grade-point-average and age-26 outcomes.
Preparation and characterization of nanomuscovite by intercalation method for adsorption of heavy metals from polluted water
Authors: Rashed M. Nageeb , Arifien A. E , El-Dowy F. A.
Published: April 2023

In this study, nanomuscovite adsorbents were prepared by intercalation with various organic intercalates (DTAB-TTAB-DTPA-PA-PN) and used to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from polluted water. The best nanomuscovite was prepared using DTPA and muscovite (Muc/DTPA) and characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET surface area. The developed nanoadsorbent was used to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from polluted water. The effect of various factors, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and temperature, was investigated. The results reveal that the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was 91.5% and 97%, respectively, at the initial metal concentration 50 ppm, adsorbent dosage 0.2 g, contact time 60 min, solution temperature 25 °C, and pH 6 for Pb2+ and pH 7 for Cd2+. Adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubunin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models) as well as kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models) were employed to evaluate the experimental results. The adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on Muc/DTPA fitted well within the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamics parameters of metal adsorption indicated exothermic and spontaneous processes. Results were applied to the real wastewater that showed high Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal.
Explaining Residential Clustering of Large Families
Authors: Bergsvik Janna , Cools Sara , Hart Rannveig K.
Published: April 2023

Numerous studies have shown that fertility behavior is spatially clustered. In addition to pure contextual effects, two causal mechanisms could drive this pattern. First, neighbors may influence each other's fertility and second, family size may influence decisions about where to live. In this study we examine these two potential causal mechanisms empirically, using the sex composition of the two eldest children and twin births as instrumental variables (IVs) for having a third child. We estimate how having a third child affects three separate outcomes: the fertility of neighbors; the propensity to move houses; and the likelihood of living in a family-friendly neighborhood with many children. We draw residential and childbearing histories (2000–2018) from Norwegian administrative registers (N ~ 167,000 women). Individuals' neighborhoods are defined using time-varying geocoordinates for place of residence. We identify selective moves as one plausible causal driver of residential clustering of large families. This study contributes to the understanding of fertility and relocation, and to the literature on the social interaction effects of fertility, by testing the relevance of yet another network: that of neighbors.
ST3GalIV drives SLeX biosynthesis in gastrointestinal cancer cells and associates with cancer cell motility
Authors: Costa Ana F. , Senra Emanuel , Faria-Ramos Isabel , Teixeira Andreia , Morais João , Pacheco Mariana , Reis Celso A. , Gomes Catarina
Published: April 2023

Expression of sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) is a well-documented event during malignant transformation of cancer cells, and largely associates with their invasive and metastatic properties. Glycoproteins and glycolipids are the main carriers of SLeX, whose biosynthesis is known to be performed by different glycosyltransferases, namely by the family of β-galactoside-α2,3-sialyltransferases (ST3Gals). In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of ST3GalIV in the biosynthesis of SLeX and in malignant properties of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cells. By immunofluorescent screening, we selected SLeX-positive GI cancer cell lines and silenced ST3GalIV expression via CRISPR/Cas9. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that ST3GalIV KO efficiently impaired SLeX expression in most cancer cell lines, with the exception of the colon cancer cell line LS174T. The impact of ST3GalIV KO in the biosynthesis of SLeX isomer SLeA and non sialylated Lewis X and A were also evaluated and overall, ST3GalIV KO led to a decreased expression of SLeA and an increased expression in both LeX and LeA. In addition, the abrogation of SLeX on GI cancer cells led to a reduction in cell motility. Furthermore, ST3GalVI KO was performed in LS174T ST3GalIV KO cells, resulting in the complete abolishment of SLeX expression and consequent reduced motility capacity of those cells. Overall, these findings portray ST3GalIV as the main, but not the only, enzyme driving the biosynthesis of SLeX in GI cancer cells, with a functional impact on cancer cell motility.
The Novelty Effect on Assessment Interventions: a Qualitative Replication Study of Oral Performance Assessment in Undergraduate Mathematics
Authors: Iannone Paola , Vondrová Naďa
Published: April 2023

This paper reports on a qualitative replication study investigating the impact of the novelty effect on findings from interventions about the assessment of mathematics at university. The replication study used the same data collection tools of a previous study on oral assessment of mathematics, but data were collected in a context where oral assessment is the norm. We aimed to find whether the results of the two studies were comparable and whether there was plausible evidence of an impact of novelty effect on the findings of the original study. The findings of the current study appear to be comparable to those of the original study. Students associate oral assessment with the assessment of conceptual understanding and written assessment with the assessment of procedures; they report being more anxious about the oral assessment, but they perceive oral assessment as a better learning experience than closed book exams. However, in a culture where oral assessment is the norm, we found students engaging with learning also following considerations of the difficulties of other modules taken in the same period of their degree. Finally, in this culture, oral communication of mathematics is also much valued.