bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty-aware Energy Harvest Prediction and Management for IoT Devices
Authors: Yamin Nuzhat , Bhat Ganapati
Published: June 2023

Internet of things (IoT) devices are popular in several high-impact applications such as mobile healthcare and digital agriculture. However, IoT devices have limited operating lifetime due to their small form factor. Harvesting energy from ambient sources is an effective method to supplement the battery. Energy harvesting necessitates development of energy management policies to manage the harvested energy. Designing optimal policies for energy management is challenging for
two
key reasons: (1) ambient energy sources are highly stochastic; therefore, energy management policies must consider the associated uncertainty; (2) energy management policies must consider future energy availability while making decisions to ensure that sufficient energy is available when there is no ambient energy. Prior approaches typically consider energy in the immediate future (e.g., 1 hour) and do not account for the uncertainty in future energy harvest. This article proposes novel machine learning and dynamic optimization-based approaches to handle the two challenges. Specifically, we first develop a novel set of features and use it in a low-power neural network architecture to predict future energy availability and uncertainty. The energy predictions and uncertainty are used in a dynamic optimization algorithm to optimally allocate the harvested energy. Experiments on solar energy data over 5 years from Golden, Colorado, show that the proposed energy prediction model achieves 3.4 J mean absolute error while having a coverage of 80%. Moreover, our energy management algorithm provides energy allocations that are within 2.5 J of an optimal Oracle with 2.65 mJ to 36.54 mJ of energy overhead.
Survey on Sketch-to-photo Translation
Authors: Donoso Diego , Saavedra Jose M.
Published: June 2023

Sketch-based understanding is involved in human communication and cognitive development, making it essential in visual perception. A specific task in this domain is sketch-to-photo translation, where a model produces realistic images from simple drawings. To this end, large paired training datasets are commonly required, which is impractical in real applications. Thus, this work studies conditional generative models for sketch-to-photo translation, overcoming the lack of training datasets by a self-supervised approach that produces sketch-photo pairs from a target catalog. Our study shows the benefit of cycle-consistency loss and UNet architectures that, together with the proposed dataset generation, improve performance in real applications like eCommerce. Our results also reveal the weakness of conditional DDPMs for generating images resembling the input sketch, even though they achieve a high FID score.
The Economics of Nutrient Pollution from Agriculture
Authors: Del Rossi Gemma , Hoque Mohammad Mainul , Ji Yongjie , Kling Catherine L.
Published: June 2023

Nutrient pollution from agricultural sources, coming primarily from fertilization of row crops and manure from livestock operations, affects ecological health in the United States through water and air pollution. We summarize data trends on commercial fertilizer use, manure, cropland, and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in waterways. We present data indicating that fertilizer applications per acre of US cropland exhibit an upward trend, with a strong spatial correlation between agricultural intensification and nutrient contents in waterbodies. While biophysical science has advanced our understanding of how nutrient pollutants affect the functioning of physical ecosystems, economic research has quantified only some of the economic damages related to losses in ecosystem services due to nutrient pollution. Our summary of this work indicates that quantification is incomplete and does not yet provide full characterization of these damages across the country. We summarize key available damage estimates and the limited evidence on cost-effective policy design. We conclude by identifying important yet understudied areas, including a focus on contaminated drinking water sources, health damages from nutrient pollution, and the need for holistic estimates of the costs of the externalities from pollution, where new research efforts will greatly benefit society.
CBASS to cGAS-STING: The Origins and Mechanisms of Nucleotide Second Messenger Immune Signaling
Authors: Slavik Kailey M. , Kranzusch Philip J.
Published: June 2023

Host defense against viral pathogens is an essential function for all living organisms. In cell-intrinsic innate immunity, dedicated sensor proteins recognize molecular signatures of infection and communicate to downstream adaptor or effector proteins to activate immune defense. Remarkably, recent evidence demonstrates that much of the core machinery of innate immunity is shared across eukaryotic and prokaryotic domains of life. Here, we review a pioneering example of evolutionary conservation in innate immunity: the animal cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway and its ancestor in bacteria, CBASS (cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signaling system) antiphage defense. We discuss the unique mechanism by which animal cGLRs (cGAS-like receptors) and bacterial CD-NTases (cGAS/dinucleotide-cyclase in Vibrio (DncV)-like nucleotidyltransferases) in these pathways link pathogen detection with immune activation using nucleotide second messenger signals. Comparing the biochemical, structural, and mechanistic details of cGAS-STING, cGLR signaling, and CBASS, we highlight emerging questions in the field and examine evolutionary pressures that may have shaped the origins of nucleotide second messenger signaling in antiviral defense.
Metacognitive judgments during visuomotor learning reflect the integration of error history
Authors: Hewitson Christopher L. , Al-Fawakhiri Naser , Forrence Alexander D. , McDougle Samuel D.
Published: June 2023

This study examined how, during visuomotor learning, people’s confidence in their performance is shaped by their recent history of errors. Using computational modeling, we found that confidence incorporated recent error history, tracked subjective error costs, was sensitive to environmental volatility, and in some contexts may influence learning. Together, these results provide a novel model of metacognitive judgments during motor learning that could be applied to future computational and neural studies at the interface of higher-order cognition and motor control.
Evidence for a common mechanism supporting invigoration of action selection and action execution
Authors: Kita Kahori , Du Yue , Haith Adrian M.
Published: June 2023

We show that voluntary increases in the vigor of action execution lead action selection to also occur more rapidly. Conversely, hastening action selection by imposing a deadline to act also leads to increases in movement speed. These findings provide evidence that these two distinct aspects of behavior are modulated by a common underlying mechanism.
Channel Management for Digital Products in the Two-sided Market with Network Externality Effects
Authors: Li Wei , He Yan-Peng , Ma Shu-Gang
Published: June 2023

Channel selection is a critical trade-off for digital products firms whose products are characterized by network externality. This work develops the models of consumers’ utility impacted by the network externality for two channel strategies of the digital product firms in the two-sided market: direct channel strategy and platform channel strategy. Deriving from the consumers’ utility, the optimization models of the two channel strategies are presented. The optimization models are solved through the Lagrangian method, and the comparative statics analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of network externality on optimality. Mathematical results show that if the intensity of network externality in the online platform surpasses that in the direct channel, the platform channel strategy dominates the other channel strategy; otherwise, the direct channel strategy is the firms’ optimal decision. In addition, the two channels share the equal optimal price, and the firms’ profit (and demand) would be positively impacted by the network effect and the products’ features but negatively impacted by the consumers’ learning cost. This work provides decision support for the digital product firms on channel selection in the context of the two-sided market.
Decision-Making Techniques Based on q-Rung Orthopair Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Information: Application in Supply Chain Financing
Authors: Ashraf Shahzaib , Rehman Noor , Naeem Muhammad , Gul Sumayya , Batool Bushra , Zaland Shamsullah
Published: June 2023

The influence of COVID-19 on individuals, businesses, and corporations is indisputable. Many markets, particularly financial markets, have been severely shaken and have suffered significant losses. Significant issues have arisen in supply chain networks, particularly in terms of financing. The COVID-19 consequences had a significant effect on supply chain financing (SCF), which is responsible for finance supply chain components and improved supply chain performance. The primary source of supply chain financing is financial providers. Among financial providers, the banking sector is referred to as the primary source of financing. Any hiccup in the banking operational systems can have a massive influence on the financing process. In this study, we attempted to comprehend the key consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic and how to mitigate COVID-19’s impact on Pakistan’s banking industry. For this, three extended hybrid approaches which consists of TOPSIS, VIKOR, and Grey are established to address the uncertainty in supply chain finance under q-rung orthopair probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment with unknown weight information of decision-making experts as well as the criteria. The study is split into three parts. First, the novel q-rung orthopair probabilistic hesitant fuzzy (qROPHF) entropy measure is established using generalized distance measure under qROPHF information to determine the unknown weights information of the attributes. The second part consists of three decision-making techniques (TOPSIS, VIKOR, and GRA) in the form of algorithm to tackle the uncertain information under qROPHF settings. Last part consists of a real-life case study of supply chain finance in Pakistan to analyze the effects of emergency situation of COVID-19 on Pakistani banks. Therefore, to help the government, we chose the best alternative form list of consider five alternatives (investment, government support, propositions and brands, channels, and digital and markets segments) by using proposed algorithm that minimize the effect of COVID-19 on supply chain finance of Pakistani banks. The results indicate that the proposed techniques are applicable and effective to cope with ambiguous data in decision-making challenges.
Longitudinal Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Trajectories in Children with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Favel Kristen , Mammen Cherry , Panagiotopoulos Constadina
Published: June 2023

Although children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk for developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), clinical practice guidelines do not uniformly recommend routine serum creatinine (SCr) monitoring, and data describing changes in renal function from diagnosis are lacking. As part of a quality improvement initiative, the Diabetes Clinic at British Columbia Children’s Hospital in Vancouver, Canada, implemented routine serum SCr monitoring. This study describes estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories and prevalence of decreased eGFR, hypertension, and albuminuria and their relationship to patterns of nephrology referral in a cohort of children aged ≤18 years (n = 307) with T1D recruited between December 2016 and February 2019. Annualized eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2 per year) was calculated using the CKiD U25 formula and categorized as declining (<−3), stable (−3 to +3), and inclining (>+3). eGFR was categorized as normal (≥90), mildly decreased (60 to <90), and chronic kidney disease (CKD, <60). In this cohort, 54% were male; the median age at diagnosis and duration of T1D was 6.2 years and 6.9 years, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 2.3 years, declining, stable, and inclining trajectories were observed in 33%, 32%, and 35%, respectively. During their follow-up, 32% had mildly decreased eGFR, elevated blood pressures (≥90th percentile), and/or abnormal urine albumin-creatinine ratios (≥2 mg/mmol), with <10% referred for nephrology assessment. Twenty-three percent of subjects had an eGFR <90; this subgroup was more highly represented in the declining trajectory group (vs. stable and inclining). Logistic regression analysis found female sex and higher baseline eGFR to be associated with a declining eGFR trajectory. In conclusion, these data challenge the commonly held paradigm that renal function remains stable in childhood T1D and supports systematic monitoring of renal function in children with T1D, as well as collaboration across disciplines, particularly endocrinology and nephrology, to provide evidence-based individualized care.
LRS Bianchi Type-I String Cosmological Models in
f

Q

Gravity
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Manvinder , Bajaj Mohit , Kotb Hossam , Hermann Djeudjo Temene
Published: June 2023

In the current study, we studied a

f

Q

-gravitational, anisotropic, locally rotationally symmetric (LRS), Bianchi type-I spacetime universe. We have adopted the freely chosen function

f

Q

=
Q
+
α

Q

, where

α

is a model-free parameter. We assumed that the universe is filled with dusty string fluid and that the shear scalar (

σ

) and the expansion scalar (

θ

) are proportional to each other in order to solve field equations for the average Hubble parameter (

H

). The resultant Hubble function has been fitted with observational datasets

H

z

and SNe Ia datasets of apparent magnitude

m

z

in order to obtain the best fit values for the cosmological parameters. Utilizing these best fit values throughout the analysis, many cosmic phenomena are examined. We have investigated cosmographic coefficients such as

H
,
q
,
j
,
a
n
d
 
s

to see if an accelerated transit phase dark energy model of the cosmos exists. Also, we have classified the dark energy models that are explored using Om diagnostic analysis; our universe model is a quintessential dark energy model. The age of the universe as it exists right now has been roughly calculated by the model.
A Hybrid Model Using PCA and BP Neural Network for Time Series Prediction in Chinese Stock Market with TOPSIS Analysis
Authors: Hang Lei , Liu Dandan , Xie Fusheng
Published: June 2023

The stock price changes rapidly and is highly nonlinear in the financial market. One of the common concerns of many scholars and investors is how to accurately predict the stock price and the trend of rising and falling in a short time. Machine learning and deep learning techniques have found their place in financial institutions thanks to the ability of time series data prediction with high precision. However, the prediction accuracy of these models is still far from satisfactory. Most existing studies use original, single prediction algorithms that cannot overcome inherent limitations. This study proposes a hybrid model using principal component analysis (PCA) and backpropagation (BP) neural networks. The historical records of China Merchants Bank are used for data collection from 2015 to 2021. PCA preprocesses the original data to reduce the dimensionality and is then adopted by the BP neural network to predict the stock closing price of China Merchants Bank. We compare and analyze the PCA–BP model with three training algorithms, and the results indicate that the Bayesian regularization algorithm performs best. Besides, we perform the stock prediction using a traditional exponential smoothing approach. The experiment results show that the predicted stock closing price is close to the actual value, and the mean absolute percentage error can reach 0.0130, which is more significant than the traditional approach. Furthermore, A TOPSIS approach is utilized to evaluate the robustness of the proposed model. Finally, we demonstrate the usability of the designed hybrid model by predicting the stock price of another selected stock.
Successful Management of Fungal Keratitis by Alternaria alternata Complicating Mooren’s Ulcer
Authors: Todokoro Daisuke , Miyakubo Tomoko , Komori Aya , Tamura Takashi , Makimura Koichi , Akiyama Hideo
Published: June 2023

Mooren’s ulcer is an idiopathic peripheral ulcerative keratitis whose pathogenesis is thought to be due to an autoimmune reaction. The first-line treatment for Mooren’s ulcer is the use of topical steroids, which can be difficult to discontinue. The 76-year-old patient in this case was receiving topical steroids for bilateral Mooren’s ulcer and developed a feathery corneal infiltration and perforation in the left eye. On suspicion of a fungal keratitis complication, we started topical voriconazole treatment and performed lamellar keratoplasty. Topical betamethasone was continued twice a day. The identified causative fungus was Alternaria alternata, which is known to be susceptible to voriconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration of voriconazole was later proven to be 0.5 μg/mL. After 3 months of treatment, the residual feathery infiltration disappeared and the left vision recovered to 0.7. In this case, topical voriconazole was effective, and the eye was successfully treated with continuing topical steroids. Fungal species identification and antifungal susceptibility test proved helpful for symptom management.
An Uncommon Case in a Healthy Infant: A Case of Infantile Cholelithiasis
Authors: Marathum Palli Nusrath
Published: June 2023

Cholelithiasis or Gallstone disease is relatively rare in children and is an unusual finding in infancy. This is a case report of a healthy 4-month-old baby who presented with an inconsolable cry, irritability, and poor feeding, the baby was discovered to have cholelithiasis by abdominal ultrasonography. There were no risk factors for cholelithiasis in this baby except for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which required phototherapy. Conservative management was given to the baby, and follow-up showed spontaneous resolution of gallstones. This case highlights the importance of ultrasonography in the pediatric emergency.
Novel Tissue Factor Inhibition for Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19: Primary Results of the ASPEN-COVID-19 Trial
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Hsia Judith , Carroll Ian A. , Nehler Mark R. , Ruf Wolfram , Morrow David A. , Nicolau Jose C. , Berwanger Otavio , Szarek Michael , Capell Warren H. , Johri Shilpa , Pursley Michael S. , Gupta Ryan , Meehan Patrick S. , Franchi Francesco , Effron Mark B. , Marshall Debra , Graybill Christopher A. , Huebler Sophia P. , Keuer Thomas , Bristow Michael R. , Bonaca Marc P.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Thrombo-inflammation is central to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. TF (tissue factor), a driver of disordered coagulation and inflammation in viral infections, may be a therapeutic target in COVID-19. The safety and efficacy of the novel TF inhibitor rNAPc2 (recombinant nematode anticoagulation protein c2) in COVID-19 are unknown.

METHODS:

ASPEN-COVID-19 was an international, randomized, open-label, active comparator clinical trial with blinded end point adjudication. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer levels were randomized 1:1:2 to lower or higher dose rNAPc2 on days 1, 3, and 5 followed by heparin on day 8 or to heparin per local standard of care. In comparisons of the pooled rNAPc2 versus heparin groups, the primary safety end point was major or nonmajor clinically relevant International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding through day 8. The primary efficacy end point was proportional change in D-dimer concentration from baseline to day 8, or discharge if before day 8. Patients were followed for 30 days.

RESULTS:

Among 160 randomized patients, median age was 54 years, 43.1% were female, and 38.8% had severe baseline COVID-19. There were no significant differences between rNAPc2 and heparin in bleeding or other safety events. Overall, median change in D-dimer was −16.8% (interquartile range, −45.7 to 36.8;
P
=0.41) with rNAPc2 treatment and −11.2% (−36.0 to 34.4;
P
=0.91) with heparin (
P
intergroup
=0.47). In prespecified analyses, in severely ill patients, D-dimer levels tended to increase more within the heparin (median, 29.0% [−14.9 to 145.2];
P
=0.02) than the rNAPc2 group (median, 25.9% [−49.1 to 136.4];
P
=0.14;
P
intergroup
=0.96); in mildly ill patients, D-dimer levels were reduced within each group with a numerically greater reduction with rNAPc2 versus heparin (rNAPc2 median, −32.7% [−44.7 to 4.3];
P
=0.007 and heparin median, −16.8% [−36.0 to 0.5];
P
=0.008,
P
intergroup
=0.34).

CONCLUSIONS:

rNAPc2 treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 was well tolerated without excess bleeding or serious adverse events but did not significantly reduce D-dimer more than heparin at day 8.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04655586.
Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Novel Risk Factors and Recommendations for Earlier Diagnosis to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Khraishah Haitham , Daher Ralph , Garelnabi Mahdi , Karere Genesio , Welty Francine K.
Published: June 2023

In this review, sex, racial, and ethnic differences in acute coronary syndromes on a global scale are summarized. The relationship between disparities in presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes and effect on worse clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndromes are discussed. The effect of demographic, geographic, racial, and ethnic factors on acute coronary syndrome care disparities are reviewed. Differences in risk factors including systemic inflammatory disorders and pregnancy-related factors and the pathophysiology underlying them are discussed. Finally, breast arterial calcification and coronary calcium scoring are discussed as methods to detect subclinical atherosclerosis and start early treatment in an attempt to prevent clinical disease.
Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis: Implications for Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Howard Travis , Majmundar Monil , Sarin Shlok , Kumar Ashish , Ajay Abhishek , Krishnaswamy Amar , Reed Grant W. , Harb Serge C. , Harmon Evan , Dykun Iryna , Ghandakly Elizabeth , Kapadia Samir R. , Kalra Ankur , Puri Rishi
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although the prognosis and management of severe aortic stenosis has been extensively studied, the risk stratification and outcomes of patients with moderate aortic stenosis remain elusive.

METHODS:

This study included 674 patients from the Cleveland Clinic Health System with moderate aortic stenosis (aortic valve area, 1–1.5 cm
2
; mean gradient, 20–40 mm Hg; and peak velocity <4 m/s) and an NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) level within 3 months of index diagnosis. The primary outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as the composite outcome of progression to severe aortic stenosis requiring aortic valve replacement, heart failure hospitalization, or death) was extracted from the electronic medical record.

RESULTS:

The mean age was 75.3±12 years, and 57% were men. During a median follow-up of 316 days, the composite end point occurred in 305 patients. There were 132 (19.6%) deaths, 144 (21.4%) heart failure hospitalizations, and 114 (16.9%) patients underwent aortic valve replacement. Elevated NT-proBNP (1.41 [95% CI, 1.01–1.95];
P
=0.048), diabetes (1.46 [95% CI, 1.08–1.96];
P
=0.01), elevated averaged mitral valve E/e′ ratio (hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.18–2.10];
P
<0.01), and presence atrial fibrillation at the time of index echocardiogram (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.15–2.91];
P
=0.01) were each independently associated with an increased hazard for the composite outcome and when taken collectively, each of these factors incrementally increased risk.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results further elucidate the relatively poor short-medium term outcomes and risk stratification of patients with moderate aortic stenosis, supporting randomized trials assessing the efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in this population.
Cardiac Cachexia in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients and the Implications of Weight Gain Early After Implantation
Authors: Vest Amanda R. , Price Lori Lyn , Chanda Anindita , Sweigart Benjamin A. , Chery Joronia , Lawrence Matthew , Parsly Lauren , Gulati Gaurav , Kiernan Michael S. , Upshaw Jenica N. , Kawabori Masashi , Couper Gregory S. , Saltzman Edward
Published: June 2023

Background

Severe cardiac cachexia or malnutrition are commonly considered relative contraindications to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, but post‐LVAD prognosis for patients with cachexia is uncertain.

Methods and Results

Intermacs (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) 2006 to 2017 was queried for the preimplantation variable cachexia/malnutrition. Cox proportional hazards modeling examined the relationship between cachexia and LVAD outcomes. Of 20 332 primary LVAD recipients with available data, 516 (2.54%) were reported to have baseline cachexia and had higher risk baseline characteristics. Cachexia was associated with higher mortality during LVAD support (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.36 [95% CI, 1.18–1.56];
P
<0.0001), persisting after adjustment for baseline characteristics (adjusted HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.0–1.42];
P
=0.005). Mean weight change at 12 months was +3.9±9.4 kg. Across the cohort, weight gain ≥5% during the first 3 months of LVAD support was associated with lower mortality (unadjusted HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84–0.98];
P
=0.012; adjusted HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82–0.97];
P
=0.006).

Conclusions

The proportion of LVAD recipients recognized to have cachexia preimplantation was low at 2.5%. Recognized cachexia was independently associated with higher mortality during LVAD support. Early weight gain ≥5% was independently associated with lower mortality during subsequent LVAD support.
Yield of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Genetic and Phenotypic Diagnoses After Electronic Health Record and Genomic Data Screening
Authors: Gidding Samuel S. , Kirchner H. Lester , Brangan Andrew , Howard William , Kelly Melissa A. , Myers Kelly D. , Morgan Kelly M. , Oetjens Matthew T. , Shuey Timothy C. , Staszak David , Strande Natasha T. , Walters Nicole L. , Yu Kristen D. , Wilemon Katherine A. , Williams Marc S. , Sturm Amy C. , Jones Laney K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Data mining of electronic health records to identify patients suspected of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) has been limited by absence of both phenotypic and genomic data in the same cohort.

Methods and Results

Using the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative cohort (n=130 257), we ran 2 screening algorithms (Mayo Clinic [Mayo] and flag, identify, network, deliver [FIND] FH) to determine FH genetic and phenotypic diagnostic yields. With 29 243 excluded by Mayo (for secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia, no lipid value in electronic health records), 52 034 excluded by FIND FH (insufficient data to run the model), and 187 excluded for prior FH diagnosis, a final cohort of 59 729 participants was created. Genetic diagnosis was based on presence of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in FH genes. Charts from 180 variant‐negative participants (60 controls, 120 identified by FIND FH and Mayo) were reviewed to calculate Dutch Lipid Clinic Network scores; a score ≥5 defined probable phenotypic FH. Mayo flagged 10 415 subjects; 194 (1.9%) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH variant. FIND FH flagged 573; 34 (5.9%) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, giving a net yield from both of 197 out of 280 (70%). Confirmation of a phenotypic diagnosis was constrained by lack of electronic health record data on physical findings or family history. Phenotypic FH by chart review was present by Mayo and/or FIND FH in 13 out of 120 versus 2 out of 60 not flagged by either (
P
<0.09).

Conclusions

Applying 2 recognized FH screening algorithms to the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative identified 70% of those with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH variant. Phenotypic diagnosis was rarely achievable due to missing data.
The Crimean Khan Şahin Giray (1777–1783): The First Modernizer of the Islamic World and his Image in Imperial and Minority Perspectives
Authors: Akhiezer Golda
Published: June 2023

The last Tatar khan in the Crimean Peninsula, Şahin Giray, lived during the period that saw the annexation of this Ottoman suzerainty by the Russian Empire. He is the first recorded Muslim ruler in history who tried to introduce a program of modernization based on contemporary European models, and his reforms concerned all spheres of Tatar society. In spite of his collaboration with the Russian Empire, Russian historiography is generally critical toward this khan and skeptical regarding his reforms. The Ottoman historians saw Şahin as a traitor, therefore his achievements were ignored in their writings. A completely different approach regarding Şahin Giray and his innovations can be found in a little-known Jewish-Karaite chronicle, presenting an additional cultural-historical dimension from the perspective of minorities. The purpose of the present article is to analyze political and socio-cultural factors of these distinctions between the imperial standpoint and minority perspective.
Behavioural interactions between sika deer and Japanese serows: are larger and gregarious ungulates dominant?
Authors: Takada H. , Yano R. , Watanabe H. , Ohuchi R. , Kanno T. , Washida A. , Nakamura K. , Tezuka N. , Shimodoumae D. , Minami M.
Published: June 2023

In ungulate assemblages, although interspecific differences in body size and gregariousness are thought to have a direct impact on winning or losing in interference competition, this has not been fully investigated. We observed a total of 64 instances of interspecific contact between larger-gregarious sika deer and smaller-solitary Japanese serows over eight years field observations. Deer-to-serow aggression were never observed. Whereas, serows showed antagonistic behaviour, such as walk push and chasing, to deer, but could rarely displace deer. Serows showed higher alertness to deer than deer did to serows. These results suggest that larger-gregarious ungulates do not necessarily exclude smaller-solitary ones and serows are sensitive to the presence of deer. Differences in aggressiveness and alertness between deer and serows may reflect differences in territoriality: serows may be more sensitive to the invasion of deer into their territory. Serows’ sensitivity to deer may have a negative effect on their population.
Objects of the Anthropocene: Mapping Material-Emotional Culture from Human Beginnings to the End Times
Authors: James Paul , Ström Timothy Erik
Published: June 2023

Objects are complicated things, and no less so when they are created by us. We layer created objects with additional emotional meaning. Understanding the complexity of this layering requires much more than tracing the narrative history of an object. This essay is about the objects that we make and appropriate. In particular, the essay suggests that objects need to be understood sensitively both in the context of global human history, and the ontological framing of the various moments of their creation, use, appropriation and reception. The essay folds around four contentions. Objects are central to the narration of social relations and emotional life. Objects, as carriers of meaning, move across different ontological orientations. Objects exist in multiple and ontologically different time frames, sometimes at the same time. And objects mediate our (human) relation to the larger social and natural world, even as they (and we) are part of that world.
A Textual Problem Concerning ‮בּוֹא אֶל‬‎ and ‮בָּעַל‬‎ in Deut 22:13
Authors: Carbonell Ortiz Clara
Published: June 2023

The presence of συνοικέω in LXX Deut 22:13 does not account for the verb in the MT (‮בּוֹא אֶל‬‎), especially given how systematic Greek translators were in rendering this Hebrew expression, even in its sexual meaning, into verbs of movement. The existing scholarly literature has tended to overlook this discrepancy between the LXX and the MT. Attention has been paid primarily to the disagreement between the latter and the corresponding quotation in the Temple Scroll (11Q19). This article refutes the arguments that take for granted the deliberate change of MT ‮וּבָא אֵלֶיהָ‬‎ into ‮ובעלה‬‎ by the author of the Temple Scroll and proves that the oddity of the Greek translation is preferably explained by the hypothesis of a Hebrew Vorlage common to the LXX and the Temple Scroll and distinct from the MT. Additionally, this article offers another case of textual variation—albeit in postbiblical literature—between sexual ‮בּוֹא אל‬‎ and ‮בָּעַל‬‎.
Description of a new fossil genus of conifer sawfly (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) revealed by UV light
Authors: NEL ANDRÉ , WEI MEI-CAI , NIU GENG-YUN , GARROUSTE ROMAIN , JOUAULT CORENTIN
Published: June 2023

Oligomonoctenus neytiriae gen. et sp. nov., the second fossil representative of the family Diprionidae from the uppermost Oligocene of Aix-en-Provence, France, is described on the basis of a well-preserved compression fossil. It is compared to the other extant and fossil diprionid genera. Its morphology and wing venation support placement in the subfamily Monocteninae. Paleomonoctenus patriciae, the other diprionid described from the same paleolake, also belongs to the Monocteninae. On the other hand, the Eocene-Lower Oligocene genus Eodiprion would be attributable to the Diprioninae but needs revision. This discovery suggests that the two diprionid subfamilies were already present and diversified during the Eocene-Oligocene.
Types of Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) deposited at the entomological collection of Instituto- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
Authors: CÓRDOBA SILVIA PATRICIA , SÁNCHEZ FRANCISCO ROLANDO , BEZDJIAN LAURA PATRICIA
Published: June 2023

The Carabidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) type species of Entomological Collection of the Entomology Institute housed in the Zoology Area of Miguel Lillo Foundation (FML), Tucumán, Argentina, were examined and listed. This collection is considered one of the most prestigious collections in Argentina and South America. The Carabidae family is represented by 545 species, with ten holotypes, one allotype, 12 cotypes, and 65 paratypes, which correspond to 35 species. Complete information and images for each species are given.
Atmospheric Latent Energy Transport Pathways into the Arctic and Their Connections to Sea Ice Loss during Winter over the Observational Period
Authors: Liang Yu , Bi Haibo , Lei Ruibo , Vihma Timo , Huang Haijun
Published: June 2023

To investigate patterns of horizontal atmospheric latent energy (LE) transport toward the Arctic, we applied the self-organizing maps (SOM) method to the daily vertically integrated horizontal LE flux from ERA5 in winter (January–March) during 1979–2021. A clear picture depicting the LE transport to the Arctic at a synoptic scale then emerged, with four primary transport pathways identified: the northern Europe, the Davis Strait, the Greenland Sea, and the Bering Strait pathways. The four primary pathways occurred at a comparable frequency, and noticeable interannual variability was observed in their time series of frequency during 1979–2021. Further analysis suggested that the northward LE transport through all these pathways is significantly modulated by cyclones, with the northern Europe and the Greenland Sea pathways being mostly affected. Generally, more frequent and stronger cyclones were observed near the entry regions of LE transport compared to other regions. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive picture of how atmospheric LE transport is related to air temperature, moisture, surface heat flux, and sea ice anomalies over the Arctic Ocean in winter. Through a thermodynamic perspective, we argue that the deleterious impacts of poleward LE transport on Arctic sea ice are to a large extent attributable to the enhanced local atmosphere–ice interactions, which increase downward longwave radiation (DLR) plus turbulent fluxes, consequently warming the surface and promoting the loss of sea ice. According to the quantitative results, among the four primary pathways, LE transport through the Davis Strait and the Greenland Sea could cause the loss of Arctic sea ice most efficiently.
Detection of Rain in Tropical Cyclones by Underwater Ambient Sound
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang , D’Asaro Eric A.
Published: June 2023

Rain in tropical cyclones is studied using eight time series of underwater ambient sound at 40–50 kHz with wind speeds up to 45 m s−1 beneath three tropical cyclones. At tropical cyclone wind speeds, rain- and wind-generated sound levels are comparable, and therefore rain cannot be detected by sound level alone. A rain detection algorithm that is based on the variations of 5–30-kHz sound levels with periods longer than 20 s and shorter than 30 min is proposed. Faster fluctuations (<20 s) are primarily due to wave breaking, and slower ones (>30 min) are due to overall wind variations. Higher-frequency sound (>30 kHz) is strongly attenuated by bubble clouds. This approach is supported by observations that, for wind speeds < 40 m s−1, the variation in sound level is much larger than that expected from observed wind variations and is roughly comparable to that expected from rain variations. The hydrophone results are consistent with rain estimates by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and with Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) and radar estimates by surveillance flights. The observations indicate that the rain-generated sound fluctuations have broadband acoustic spectra centered around 10 kHz. Acoustically detected rain events usually last for a few minutes. The data used in this study are insufficient to produce useful estimation of rain rate from ambient sound because of limited quantity and accuracy of the validation data. The frequency dependence of sound variations suggests that quantitative rainfall algorithms from ambient sound may be developed using multiple sound frequencies.

Significance Statement

Rain is an indispensable process in forecasting the intensity and path of tropical cyclones. However, its role in the air–sea interaction is still poorly understood, and its parameterization in numerical models is still in development. In this work, we analyzed sound measurements made by hydrophones on board Lagrangian floats beneath tropical cyclones. We find that wind, rain, and breaking waves each have distinctive signatures in underwater ambient sound. We suggest that the air–sea dynamic processes in tropical cyclones can be explored by listening to ambient sound using hydrophones beneath the sea surface.
Sensitivities of Subseasonal Unified Forecast System Simulations to Changes in Parameterizations of Convection, Cloud Microphysics, and Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Green Benjamin W. , Sinsky Eric , Sun Shan , Tallapragada Vijay , Grell Georg A.
Published: June 2023

NOAA has been developing a fully coupled Earth system model under the Unified Forecast System framework that will be responsible for global (ensemble) predictions at lead times of 0–35 days. The development has involved several prototype runs consisting of bimonthly initializations over a 7-yr period for a total of 168 cases. This study leverages these existing (baseline) prototypes to isolate the impact of substituting (one-at-a-time) parameterizations for convection, microphysics, and planetary boundary layer on 35-day forecasts. Through these physics sensitivity experiments, it is found that no particular configuration of the subseasonal-length coupled model is uniformly better or worse, based on several metrics including mean-state biases and skill scores for the Madden–Julian oscillation, precipitation, and 2-m temperature. Importantly, the spatial patterns of many “first-order” biases (e.g., impact of convection on precipitation) are remarkably similar between the end of the first week and weeks 3–4, indicating that some subseasonal biases may be mitigated through tuning at shorter time scales. This result, while shown for the first time in the context of subseasonal prediction with different physics schemes, is consistent with findings in climate models that some mean-state biases evident in multiyear averages can manifest in only a few days. An additional convective parameterization test using a different baseline shows that attempting to generalize results between or within modeling systems may be misguided. The limitations of generalizing results when testing physics schemes are most acute in modeling systems that undergo rapid, intense development from myriad contributors—as is the case in (quasi) operational environments.
Divergent Versus Relevant Ads: How Creative Ads Affect Purchase Intention for New Products
Authors: Jiang Hui , Messinger Paul R. , Liu Yifei , Lu Zhibin , Yang Shuiqing , Li Gang
Published: June 2023

Creative ads are applied widely in new product marketing. The present research explores the impact of creative ads (divergent vs. relevant ads) on purchase intention for really new products and incrementally new products. A series of studies concludes that (1) divergent ads are more effective for promoting incrementally new products, (2) relevant ads are more effective for promoting really new products, (3) self-referencing mediates the joint effect of creative ads and product newness on purchase intention, and (4) there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between self-referencing and purchase intention for new products. Theoretically, the authors argue that a moderate amount of self-referencing is particularly desirable—that is, there is a “Goldilocks region” that produces an optimal level of persuasion. They provide guidance to creative ad managers to help them reach the “Goldilocks region” when advertising new products.
Posttraumatic Growth After Struggling With the Loss of a Parent in Young Adulthood
Authors: Lundberg Tina , Årestedt Kristofer , Olsson Mariann , Alvariza Anette , Forinder Ulla
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine posttraumatic growth and its associations with parental bereavement among adolescents and young adults. Fifty-five young adults who had lost a parent to cancer at least 2 months earlier and were about to attend a support group at a palliative care service were recruited. Data was collected through questionnaires before support group participation, about 5–8 months after the loss and at a 6-month follow-up, about 14–18 months after the loss. The result shows that the young adults experienced posttraumatic growth, mostly in the domains Personal strength and Appreciation of life. Posttraumatic growth was associated with bereavement outcomes, especially life satisfaction, a feeling of meaning in future life and psychological health. The result is of value for health care professionals as it adds information about the importance of supporting constructive rumination to enhance the possibility to positive psychological change after a parent’s death.
Cross-Validating the Executive Errors Scale of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status
Authors: Gradwohl Brian D. , Hale Andrew C. , Spencer Robert J.
Published: June 2023

The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was developed to briefly measure a broad range of cognitive abilities, but it initially lacked a scale to evaluate executive functioning. Robert Spencer and colleagues recently created an Executive Errors scale (RBANS-EE) that quantified executive functioning (EF) errors committed during four RBANS subtests: List Learning, Semantic Fluency, Coding, and List Recall. In the present paper we cross-validated the RBANS-EE with a sample of 234 U.S. military veterans ( M AGE = 67.2, SD = 11.5 years; M EDUCATION = 13.3, SD = 2.4 years) who completed the RBANS and various EF criterion measures as part of neuropsychological assessments they underwent during their clinical care. We found the RBANS-EE to be significantly correlated with most of the criterion EF measures. The RBANS-EE scale demonstrated modest ability to classify EF impairment at mild and severe levels; and, similarly, the RBANS-EE was modestly capable of accurately classifying those veteran respondents who were determined to have or to not have a neurocognitive disorder. Overall, the RBANS-EE can be quickly calculated, adds no administration time to an RBANS assessment, and yields useful scores to screen for EF dysfunction without replacing standalone EF tests.
Navigating STEM Major and Transfer Destination Choices: Community College Student Experiences through the Lens of Practice Theory
Authors: Holland Zahner Dana G.
Published: June 2023

Objective/Research Question: This research explores how community college students, who are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and aspire to vertical transfer in STEM make choices about majors and transfer destinations. The question is important to advancing equity in STEM, which continues to perpetuate disparities in attainment for minoritized, first-generation, and financially disadvantaged students, who disproportionately enter higher education in community colleges. Methods: Using a longitudinal, qualitative research design, the study relied on semi-structured interviewing to generate in-depth evidence about student experiences. Results: Findings showed that career goals were uniformly influential to students, yet career information was unevenly available or comprehensible during community college. Students’ choices about what to major in and where to transfer were iterative and intertwined, with these choices deeply connected to students’ families and lifetime priorities. Delays in student decision-making tended to have less to do with uncertain individual preferences than to lack of information about a specific STEM major and its alignment with possible future degrees, transfer destinations, and career pathways, as well as contingencies associated with the transfer admission process. Conclusions/Contributions: This research demonstrated STEM-specific nuance in how underrepresented community college students navigate major, career, and transfer destination decision-making as well as the influence of family and location-based priorities in student choices. Future research should investigate how to best provide directional support for students’ major and transfer destination decisions, including major-to-career awareness and the academic and personal dimensions of transfer.
Engaging Families from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds in Virtual Individualized Education Program Meetings
Authors: Feeney Danielle M. , Lavín Carlos E. , Matute-Chavarria Monique , Park Haerin , Hsiao Yun-Ju
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted education in a multitude of ways. During this time, school districts struggled to provide students with disabilities access to services and supports under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). School personnel were required to continue holding meetings to review students’ Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) yet did not always have the resources and skills to do so. The increased digital divide between culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families and their White counterparts posed additional challenges for them, such as access to technology and lack of experience with various technology tools. Although this expedited the need for culturally responsive virtual IEP meetings, this option should continue to be provided outside of pandemic contexts. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to facilitate virtual IEP meetings creating spaces where CLD families can participate as equal partners. Utilizing the tenets of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) can help this endeavor. This article explains several recommendations for teachers and school personnel to create identity-honoring, culturally responsive IEP meetings in virtual spaces.