bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Mineral and Nitrate Nitrogen, Plant N Uptake, N Use Efficiencies and Yield as Influenced by Tillage and Nitrogen Management under Wheat Crop in Sub-Tropical Eastern India
Authors: Samaresh S. , Mukhopadhyay P. , Sinha A. K. , Dewali R. R. , Rakesh S.
Published: July 2020

Accumulation of mineral nitrogen (min-N) in soil profile (0-90 cm) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in conventional tillage (CT) than zero tillage (ZT) treatment plots both at 42 days after sowing (DAS) and 84 DAS of wheat, the increase over ZT being 58% and 44% respectively; but at the harvest stage an opposite trend was noted. Min-N accumulation in soil also varied significantly (p<0.05) amongst N application rates with its highest value at N150 followed by subsequent reductions with decreasing N levels at all stages of wheat growth, except at harvest where N0 level had the highest accumulation (341.06 kg ha-1) which is ascribed to poor growth and very low plant N uptake. Significant effect of tillage was found on grain yield, dry matter yield and higher plant N uptake recorded under ZT plots over CT. Of the N application levels, N150 produced the highest grain yield and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher than all other N treatments. ZT showed highest nitrogen use efficiencies [agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE) and apparent recovery of nitrogen (ARN)] as compared to CT, whereas maximum values of AE (36.28) and PE (29.59) was observed at N120 and these were significantly higher than all other N treatments. As anticipated, highest ARN value was seen at N60 followed by its decrease with increasing levels of N application. Relative proportion of residual inorganic nitrogen (mineral vs. nitrate) in soil profile when compared at the harvest of wheat, a very high proportion of mineral (NH4+ + NO3-) as compared to nitrate nitrogen was evident under both the tillage treatments and more so in ZT than CT plots irrespective of N levels, indicating thereby the predominance NH4+ form of nitrogen in all the layers up to 90 cm soil profile which may be explained by lower nitrification rate due to  high water storage in the soil profile during the entire wheat growing season. From the results, it is inferred that plots under ZT combined with N application @150 kg ha-1 proved superior to all other treatment combinations in respect of crop yield, nitrogen use efficiencies, plant N uptake and water storage in soil profile.
Effect of Foliar Feeding of Gluconate and EDTA Chelated Plant Nutrients on Yield, Chlorophyll Content and Nitrate Reductase Enzyme of Bt Cotton under Rainfed Ecosystem of Marathawada
Authors: Gourkhede P. H. , Patil V. D. , Adkine S. A.
Published: July 2020

An experiment was conducted to find out the “Effect of foliar feeding of Gluconate and EDTA chelated plant nutrients on yield, Chlorophyll content and Nitrate reductase enzyme activity of Bt-cotton under rainfed ecosystem of Marathawada” at Department of Soil Science and Agril Chemistry, VNMKV, Parbhani. The experiment includes sixteen treatments viz,T1-control,T2-ZnGluconate, T3-Zn EDTA, T4-Mn gluconate, T5- Mn EDTA, T6- Cu Gluconate, T7- Cu EDTA, T8- FeGluconate ,T9- Fe EDTA, T10- CaGluconate, T11- Ca EDTA, T12-MgGluconate, T13-MgEDTA, T14- Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg Gluconate, T15-Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg EDTA and T16- Govt. grade II and replicated twice. The treatments were fertilized with 120:60:60 N,P2O5 and K2O Kg ha-1 .Micronutrient sprays of gluconate and EDTA chelated plant nutrients were applied to the crop at the time of flowering i.e. at 55 DAS and second spray was applied at the time of boll development stage i.e.at 75 DAS. The treatment T2 showed more number of bolls per plant followed by treatment T3. The maximum boll weight was observed with treatment Zn gluconate. Spraying of Zn gluconate, Zn EDTA and Fe and Mg gluconate nutrients have produced more seed cotton yield. Quantitative analysis of chlorophyll was done by using DMSO as an extractant. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in leaves also influenced significantly due to different foliar feeding. The highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll was registered with the treatment Fe gluconate spray followed by Fe EDTA. Nitrate reductage and acid phosphate activity were improved by the application of T2 and was found to be significantly superior over control. This study was conducted under rainfed ecosystem.
The Effect of Using Hands-on Materials in Teaching Pythagoras Theorem
Authors: Atteh Evans , Acquandoh Emmanuel , Boadi Augustine , Andam Emmanuel Appoh
Published: July 2020

This study sought to improve students’ performance in solving problems on the application of the Pythagoras Theorem using hands - on materials. It is an action research and the selected sample of the study was mixed gender class of level 200 (2A1 Class) year group, comprising of forty (40) students in Wiawso College of Education. It involved the use of pre –test and post –test as the methods for data collection. The pre-test was conducted after which an intervention period of four weeks, which involved taking the students through the concept of the application of Pythagoras theorem. A post-test was also conducted after the intervention, the scores obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed by the use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that after the intervention, students were able to overcome the challenges they faced when solving story problems and problems on 3-dimensions involving the Pythagoras Theorem. They could also identify shapes depicting the concept of the Pythagoras’ theorem and construction of squares on each side of a right triangle. From the findings it was concluded that the use of hands-on materials in the intervention processes has help improved students understanding and performance.
Cracking of jujube fruits is associated with differential expression of metabolic genes
Authors: Liu Yaling , Zhang Pengfei , Geng Yaping , Xie Xiaodong , Wen Pengfei
Published: July 2020

Cracks in the skin of jujube fruit reduce freshness and quality; thus, greater understanding of the molecular mechanism that underlies cracking is required to improve fruit production. In this study, we profiled genes that are differentially expressed between cracked and normal jujube fruits through RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). We selectively confirmed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using quantitative RT‐PCR. Among 1036 DEGs, 785 genes were up‐regulated and 251 genes were down‐regulated in cracked jujube fruits. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that some of these DEGs encode proteins involved in metabolic processes (including growth hormone and surface wax production) in cracked jujube fruits. In summary, we have identified differentially expressed metabolic genes between cracked and normal jujube fruits, which may serve as the basis for further studies of fruit quality control.
Cognitive impairment in patients with Neuro‐Sjögren
Authors: Seeliger Tabea , Jacobsen Lena , Hendel Merle , Bönig Lena , Kristian Prenzler Nils K. , Thiele Thea , Ernst Diana , Witte Torsten , Stangel Martin , Kopp Bruno , Skripuletz Thomas
Published: July 2020

Objective

Extraglandular neurological manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome are increasingly recognized, defining the disease entity of Neuro‐Sjögren. Neuropsychological assessment of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome has hitherto been performed on predominantly rheumatological cohorts. These studies revealed a wide variety of prevalence rates for cognitive impairment (22–80%), while variable cut‐off criteria for detection of cognitive impairment were applied. Attentional functions have not yet been thoroughly investigated in these patients, although they clearly represent relevant aspects of cognitive functioning in daily life.

Methods

We therefore conducted extensive neuropsychological assessment based on two neuropsychological test batteries [i.e., the extended German version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD‐PLUS), and the test battery for attentional performance (TAP) as a well‐established assessment of attentional functions in the German‐speaking part of Europe].

Results

Sixty‐four patients with Neuro‐Sjögren, who were treated at our university hospital between December 2016 and January 2019, were included. Evidence for the presence of cognitive impairment was found in 55% of patients with Neuro‐Sjögren. The degree of cognitive impairment ranged from mild (38%) to severe (17%). Attentional and mnemonic subtests showed pronounced cognitive impairment in patients with Neuro‐Sjögren.

Interpretation

Our results suggest that a substantial proportion of patients with Neuro‐Sjögren suffer from cognitive impairment, putatively as a corollary of attentional deficits, which might exert adverse effects on occupational abilities, other cognitive functions, and social role functioning.
In Situ Growth of [hk1]‐Oriented Sb2S3 for Solution‐Processed Planar Heterojunction Solar Cell with 6.4% Efficiency
Authors: Jin Xin , Fang Yanan , Salim Teddy , Feng Minjun , Hadke Shreyash , Leow Shin Woei , Sum Tze Chien , Wong Lydia H.
Published: July 2020

Binary compound antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with its nontoxic and earth‐abundant constituents, is a promising light‐harvesting material for stable and high efficiency thin film photovoltaics. The intrinsic quasi‐1D (Q1D) crystal structure of Sb2S3 is known to transfer photogenerated carriers rapidly along the [hk1] orientation. However, producing Sb2S3 devices with precise control of [hk1] orientation is challenging and unfavorable crystal orientations of Sb2S3 result in severe interface and bulk recombination losses. Herein, in situ vertical growth of Sb2S3 on top of ultrathin TiO2/CdS as the electron transport layer (ETL) by a solution method is demonstrated. The planar heterojunction solar cell using [hk1]‐oriented Sb2S3 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 6.4%, performing at almost 20% higher than devices based on a [hk0]‐oriented absorber. This work opens up new prospects for pursuing high‐performance Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by tailoring the crystal orientation.
Antisite Defect‐Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Topological Crystalline Insulators
Authors: Muzaffar Muhammad Usman , Zhang Shunhong , Cui Ping , He Jiaqing , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: July 2020

As the first experimentally established topological crystalline insulator (TCI), SnTe also exhibits superior thermoelectricity upon proper doping; yet to date, whether such doping will preserve or destroy the salient topological properties in achieving outstanding thermoelectric (TE) performance remains elusive. Using first‐principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory, here the elegant role of antisite defect in optimally enhancing the thermopower of SnTe while simultaneously preserving its topological nature is uncovered. It is first shown that SnTe antisite defect effectively induces pronounced variations in the low‐energy density of states rather than rigidly shifting the chemical potential, resulting in a higher Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Next, it is demonstrated that in a wide temperature range, the Seebeck coefficient of antisite‐doped SnTe distinctly outperforms previously identified systems invoking extrinsic dopants. It is further confirmed that such intrinsic antisite doping preserves the nontrivial topology, which in turn favors high electrical conductivity and thermoelectricity. These central findings not only identify an effective and powerful knob in future studies of TE materials, but also help to resolve standing controversies between theory and experiment surrounding the TE performances of both TCIs and topological insulators.
High‐Efficiency Cathode Sodium Compensation for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Niu Yu‐Bin , Guo Yu‐Jie , Yin Ya‐Xia , Zhang Si‐Yuan , Wang Tao , Wang Ping , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: July 2020

Sodium‐ion batteries have gained much attention for their potential application in large‐scale stationary energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium sources in the earth. However, the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion full cells (SIFCs) suffers severely from the irreversible consumption of sodium ions of cathode during the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation of hard carbon anode. Here, a high‐efficiency cathode sodiation compensation reagent, sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4), which possesses both a high theoretical capacity of 400 mA h g−1 and a capacity utilization as high as 99%, is proposed. The implementation of Na2C2O4 as sacrificial sodium species is successfully realized by decreasing its oxidation potential from 4.41 to 3.97 V through tuning conductive additives with different physicochemical features, and the corresponding mechanism of oxidation potential manipulation is analyzed. Electrochemical results show that in the full cell based on a hard carbon anode and a P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn1/3Ti1/3O2 cathode with Na2C2O4 as a sodium reservoir to compensate for sodium loss during SEI formation, the capacity retention is increased from 63% to 85% after 200 cycles and the energy density is improved from 129.2 to 172.6 W h kg−1. This work can provide a new avenue for accelerating the development of SIFCs.
Synergizing Mo Single Atoms and Mo2C Nanoparticles on CNTs Synchronizes Selectivity and Activity of Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Tong , Zou Haiyuan , Zang Wenjie , Kou Zongkui , Mao Lu , Feng Yuanping , Shen Lei , Pennycook Stephen J. , Duan Lele , Li Xu , Wang John
Published: July 2020

Previous research of molybdenum‐based electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been largely considered on either isolated Mo single atoms (MoSAs) or Mo carbide particles (e.g., Mo2C) separately, while an integrated synergy (MoSAs‐Mo2C) of the two has never been considered. The theoretical calculations show that the Mo single atoms and Mo2C nanoparticles exhibit, respectively, different catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and NRR selectivity. Therefore, a new role‐playing synergistic mechanism can be well enabled for the multistep NRR, when the two are combined on the same N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). This hypothesis is confirmed experimentally, where the MoSAs‐Mo2C assembled on NCNTs (MoSAs‐Mo2C/NCNTs) yields an ammonia formation rate of 16.1 µg h−1 cmcat−2 at −0.25 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is about four times that by the Mo2C alone (Mo2C/NCNTs) and 4.5 times that by the MoSAs alone (MoSAs/NCNTs). Moreover, the Faradic efficiency of the MoSAs‐Mo2C/NCNTs is raised up to twofold and sevenfold of the Mo2C/NCNTs and MoSAs/NCNTs, respectively. The MoSAs‐Mo2C/NCNTs also demonstrate outstanding stability by the almost unchanged catalytic performance over 10 h of the chronoamperometric test. The present study provides a promising new prototype of synchronizing the selectivity and activity for the multistep catalytic reactions.
Molecular Origin of Balanced Bipolar Transport in Neat Layers of the Emitter CzDBA
Authors: Liu Wenlan , Kotadiya Naresh B. , Blom Paul W. M. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Andrienko Denis
Published: July 2020

Recently, an efficient single‐layer organic light‐emitting diode has been reported, consisting of a neat layer of the diboron‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter 5,10‐bis(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐5,10‐dihydroboranthrene, exhibiting remarkably balanced bipolar electron and hole transport. Here, the donor–acceptor–donor architecture of the molecule is linked to the transport characteristics of its neat amorphous films. It is found that energetic disorder is larger for holes than for electrons, explaining the experimentally observed difference in temperature activation of the mobility. Although a difference in energetic disorder would suggest unbalanced charge transport, it is demonstrated that it is partly counteracted by larger coupling elements for holes.
22% Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Using Cation‐Doped Brookite TiO2 Top Buffer
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Liu Chang , Zhang Zhiyong , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Garcia Juan , Sheehan Colton , Shui Lingling , Priya Shashank , Zhou Guofu , Zhang Sen , Wang Kai
Published: July 2020

Simultaneously achieving high efficiency and high durability in perovskite solar cells is a critical step toward the commercialization of this technology. Inverted perovskite photovoltaic (IP‐PV) cells incorporating robust and low levelized‐cost‐of‐energy (LCOE) buffer layers are supposed to be a promising solution to this target. However, insufficient inventory of materials for back‐electrode buffers substantially limits the development of IP‐PV. Herein, a composite consisting of 1D cation‐doped TiO2 brookite nanorod (NR) embedded by 0D fullerene is investigated as a top modification buffer for IP‐PV. The cathode buffer is constructed by introducing fullerene to fill the interstitial space of the TiO2 NR matrix. Meanwhile, cations of transition metal Co or Fe are doped into the TiO2 NR to further tune the electronic property. Such a top buffer exhibits multifold advantages, including improved film uniformity, enhanced electron extraction and transfer ability, better energy level matching with perovskite, and stronger moisture resistance. Correspondingly, the resultant IP‐PV displays an efficiency exceeding 22% with a 22‐fold prolonged working lifetime. The strategy not only provides an essential addition to the material inventory for top electron buffers by introducing the 0D:1D composite concept, but also opens a new avenue to optimize perovskite PVs with desirable properties.
Alley cropping affects perennial bioenergy crop root distribution, carbon, and nutrient stocks
Authors: Gamble Joshua D. , Johnson Gregg A. , Current Dean A. , Wyse Donald L. , Zamora Diomides S. , Sheaffer Craig C.
Published: July 2020

This study quantified root biomass distribution; root accrual of C, N, P, and K; and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) associated with alley‐cropped switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Bosc ex Link), intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth and Dewey ‘Rush’], and a native polyculture planted between rows of ‘NM6’ poplar (Populus maximowiczii × P. nigra) and ‘Fish Creek’ willow (Salix purpurea) at two Minnesota sites (Empire and Granada). After 4 yr since establishment, SOC declined at each site but was not influenced by species selection. NM6 poplar–prairie cordgrass systems had among the highest root biomass, C, and nutrient accrual, with up to 16.3 Mg root biomass, 7.0 Mg C, 175 kg N, 31 kg P, and 97 kg K ha−1. Fine roots were the largest fraction of belowground biomass, although course roots were also a large fraction for poplar and prairie cordgrass. Tree roots extended to 6 m into the crop alley, although 85–89% were within 1 m of tree rows, depending on tree species. Crop fine root biomass was reduced up to 67% at 1 m from tree rows and 20% at 3.5 m and was up to 142% greater in willow than in poplar alleys. Total root C was predominated by poplars at Empire regardless of herbaceous crop type, whereas the proportions of tree and crop root C varied by crop at Granada. These results suggest that prairie cordgrass is well suited to alley cropping and that, due to the competitive ability of poplars, productivity, C sequestration, and nutrient accrual may be greater in willow systems in the long term.
Utilizing Vinylcyclopropane Reactivity: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [5+2] Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Li Miao‐Miao , Xiong Qin , Qu Bao‐Le , Xiao Yu‐Qing , Lan Yu , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: July 2020

Vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) are commonly used in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cycloadditions, and the utilization of their recently realized reactivities to construct new cyclic architectures is of great significance in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, a palladium‐catalyzed, visible‐light‐driven, asymmetric [5+2] cycloaddition of VCPs with α‐diazoketones is accomplished by switching the reactivity of the Pd‐containing dipolar intermediate from an all‐carbon 1,3‐dipole to an oxo‐1,5‐dipole. Enantioenriched seven‐membered lactones were produced with good reaction efficiencies and selectivities (23 examples, 52–92 % yields with up to 99:1 er and 12.5:1 dr). In addition, computational investigations were performed to rationalize the observed high chemo‐ and periselectivities.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene–Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality
Authors: Wang Li‐Hsiang , Hayase Norihiko , Sugiyama Haruki , Nogami Juntaro , Uekusa Hidehiro , Tanaka Ken
Published: July 2020

Single and double cyclophenylene–ethynylenes (CPEs) with axial and helical chirality have been synthesized by the Sonogashira cross‐coupling of di‐ and tetraethynyl biphenyls with a U‐shaped prearomatic diiodoparaphenylene followed by reductive aromatization. X‐ray crystallographic analyses and DFT calculations revealed that the CPEs possess highly twisted bent structures. Bend angles on the edge of the paraphenylene units were close to the value of [5]cycloparaphenylene (CPP)—the smallest CPP to date. The double and single CPEs possessed stable chirality despite flexible biphenyl structures because of the high strain in the diethynyl–paraphenylene moiety. In both the single and double CPEs, orbital interactions along the biphenyl axis were observed by DFT calculations in LUMO and LUMO+2 of the single CPE and LUMO+1 of the double CPE, which likely cause lowering of these orbital energies. Concerning chiroptical properties: boosting of the gabs value was observed in the biphenyl‐based double CPE, as well as the binaphthyl‐based single CPE, compared to the biphenyl‐based single CPE.
Achieving Pure Green Electroluminescence with CIEy of 0.69 and EQE of 28.2% from an Aza‐Fused Multi‐Resonance Emitter
Authors: Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Wei Jinbei , Hong Xiangchen , Lu Yang , Hu Deping , Li Guomeng , Liu Ziyang , Chen Yang , Duan Lian
Published: July 2020

Pure green emitters are essential for realizing an ultrawide color gamut in next‐generation displays. Herein, by fusing the difficult‐to‐access aza‐aromatics onto B (boron)–N (nitrogen) skeleton, a hybridized multi‐resonance and charge transfer (HMCT) molecule AZA‐BN was successfully synthesized through an effective one‐shot multiple cyclization method. AZA‐BN shows pure green fluorescence with photoluminance quantum yield of 99.7 %. The corresponding green device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency and power efficiency of 28.2 % and 121.7 lm W−1, respectively, with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of merely 30 nm and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinateyof 0.69, representing the purest green bottom‐emitting organic light‐emitting diode.
Intermolecular Dearomatization of Naphthalene Derivatives by Photoredox‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Hydroalkylation
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Zheng , Huang Xu‐Lun , Zhuang Wei‐Hui , Zhao Qing‐Ru , Zhang Xiao , Mei Tian‐Sheng , You Shu‐Li
Published: July 2020

An intermolecular hydroalkylative dearomatization of naphthalenes with commercially available α‐amino acids is achieved via visible‐light photoredox catalysis. With an organic photocatalyst, a series of multi‐substituted 1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes are obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields. Intriguingly, by tuning the substituents at the C2 position of naphthalenes, formal dearomative [3+2] cycloadditions occur exclusively via a hydroalkylative dearomatization–cyclization sequence. This overall redox‐neutral method features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance of functionalities, and operational simplicity. Diverse downstream elaborations of the products are demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of a radical–radical coupling pathway.
Engineering Sensitized Photon Upconversion Efficiency via Nanocrystal Wavefunction and Molecular Geometry
Authors: He Shan , Lai Runchen , Jiang Qike , Han Yaoyao , Luo Xiao , Tian Yuyang , Liu Xue , Wu Kaifeng
Published: July 2020

Triplet energy transfer from inorganic nanocrystals to molecular acceptors has attracted strong attention for high‐efficiency photon upconversion. Here we study this problem using CsPbBr3 and CdSe nanocrystals as triplet donors and carboxylated anthracene isomers as acceptors. We find that the position of the carboxyl anchoring group on the molecule dictates the donor‐acceptor coupling to be either through‐bond or through‐space, while the relative strength of the two coupling pathways is controlled by the wavefunction leakage of nanocrystals that can be quantitatively tuned by nanocrystal sizes or shell thicknesses. By simultaneously engineering molecular geometry and nanocrystal wavefunction, energy transfer and photon upconversion efficiencies of a nanocrystal/molecule system can be improved by orders of magnitude.
Synthesis and application of chromium complexes bearing hyperbranched PNP ligands in the ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Li Cuiqin , Li Dan , Wang Fengfeng , Gao Yuxin , Huang Jin , Li Feng
Published: July 2020

Series of hyperbranched PNP ligands (L1–L3) were prepared using three low‐generation hyperbranched molecules with the same branching chains and functional groups but different alkyl chain length as backbones in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The chromium complexes (Cr1–Cr3) were obtained by reacting with CrCl3(THF)3 and the corresponding ligands (L1–L3). Both L1–L3 and Cr1–Cr3 were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry as well as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 31P NMR measurements in the case of the ligands. When activated with different aluminum co‐catalysts, all three chromium complexes were able to catalyze the ethylene oligomerization, but the products of the ethylene oligomerization were mainly dependent on ethylene pressure, co‐catalyst and ligand backbone. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, the catalytic activity and the selectivity of C8 olefin increased with increasing of ethylene pressure for Cr1, the catalytic activity was 13.83 × 105 g·(mol Cr·h)−1 and the main product was C8 olefin (50.68%) at the ethylene pressure of 4.0 MPa. When activated with diethylaluminium chloride, ethylaluminium dichloride and ethylaluminum sesquichloride, Cr1 showed the lower catalytic activity and the higher selectivity of C4 olefin in toluene. An increase in the length of alkyl chain in the hyperbranched PNP ligand backbone caused a decrease in the catalytic activity and an increase in the selectivity of C8 + olefin. The PNP chromium complexes exhibited higher selectivity for higher carbon number olefins compared with the dendritic PNP chromium complex (Cr5).
Efficient One Pot Synthesis of Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives using Multifunctional Copper Catalyst Supported on β‐Cyclodextrin Functionalized Magnetic Graphene oxide
Authors: Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Malek Khodadad , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a novel, “green”, efficient and atom‐economical methodology for the synthesis of N‐(alkyl)‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine derivatives based on copper catalyzed oxidative cyclization is presented. An efficient copper nanocatalyst was fabricated by immobilization of Cu on β‐Cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets (denoted as Cu@βCD@MGO). This catalyst primarily oxidizes benzylic alcohols to aldehydes by aerobic O2. The obtained aldehydes, in situ, takes part in a three component reaction with pyridin‐2‐amine and isocyanides to produce corresponding N‐(alkyl)‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐amine derivatives. The catalyst was characterized by TEM, SEM, VSM, FT‐IR, XRD, TGA and ICP. As an advantage, the catalyst showed to be highly recoverable and no appreciable leaching was observed after 10 runs.
Effect of nanoparticle and glass fiber on the hydrothermal aging of polyamide 6
Authors: Zhang Chunbo , Liu Chang , Zhao Hui , Hu Wenxian , Liu Guoming , Zhao Ying , Dong Xia , Wang Kezhi , Zhang Jianjun , Li Xiangyang , Wang Dujin
Published: July 2020

Hydrothermal aging behavior of polyamide 6 (PA6) and its composites (PA6/calcium carbonate [CaCO3] and PA6/short glass fiber [SGF]) was systematically investigated using infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction as well as mechanical measurements. It was found that the water absorption mechanism is strongly affected by the presence of fillers. SGF‐reinforced PA6 composites absorb less water than PA6 and PA6/CaCO3 composites under the same hydrothermal condition. PA6 with 10 wt% SGF exhibits great resistance to hydrothermal aging, which is attributed to the higher crystallinity and larger α‐form fraction.
A generalized transition model for grouped longitudinal categorical data
Authors: Lara Idemauro A. R. , Moral Rafael A. , Taconeli Cesar A. , Reigada Carolina , Hinde John
Published: July 2020

Transition models are an important framework that can be used to model longitudinal categorical data. They are particularly useful when the primary interest is in prediction. The available methods for this class of models are suitable for the cases in which responses are recorded individually over time. However, in many areas, it is common for categorical data to be recorded as groups, that is, different categories with a number of individuals in each. As motivation we consider a study in insect movement and another in pig behaviou. The first study was developed to understand the movement patterns of female adults ofDiaphorina citri, a pest of citrus plantations. The second study investigated how hogs behaved under the influence of environmental enrichment. In both studies, the number of individuals in different response categories was observed over time. We propose a new framework for considering the time dependence in the linear predictor of a generalized logit transition model using a quantitative response, corresponding to the number of individuals in each category. We use maximum likelihood estimation and present the results of the fitted models under stationarity and non‐stationarity assumptions, and use recently proposed tests to assess non‐stationarity. We evaluated the performance of the proposed model using simulation studies under different scenarios, and concluded that our modeling framework represents a flexible alternative to analyze grouped longitudinal categorical data.
Copolymerization of Functional Norbornenes Catalyzed by Pd Complexes: Is it Living?
Authors: Lee Dong Jin , Choi Won Ho , Kim Myungwoong , Kim Chan Kyung , Lee Ik Mo
Published: July 2020

Copolymerization of functional norbornenes by novel palladium complexes has been successfully done. Soluble addition polymerization products with high Mn and low Đ have been obtained, which improves possible processibility. Some clues of living character of this catalytic system have been observed by kinetic studies of the polymerization and sequential addition of same or different monomers.
A prognostic model composed of four long noncoding RNAs predicts the overall survival of Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gu Xuefeng , Li Hongbo , Sha Ling , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2020

Based on accumulating evidence, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many diseases, including tumors. In this study, we consulted The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore the functions and modulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asian patients and constructed a risk scoring system composed of four lncRNAs (SNHG1, STEAP3‐AS1, RUSC1‐AS1, and SNHG3) to predict the outcomes of Asian patients with HCC. The prognostic value of this risk model was validated in the internal validation cohort (n = 157). The stratified survival analysis revealed good performance for the risk model in stratifying clinical features. According to the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the four‐lncRNA risk model is an independent prognostic model for Asian patients with HCC. Finally, we developed a nomogram that integrates prognostic signals and other clinical information to predict 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates. In conclusion, the prognostic lncRNAs identified in our study exerted potential biological effects on the development of HCC. The risk scoring model based on four lncRNAs may be an effective classification tool for assessing the prognosis of Asian patients with HCC.
Effect of the surgical approach on survival outcomes in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer: A real‐world multicenter study of a large Chinese cohort from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Guo Chenyan , Tang Xiaoyan , Meng Yan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xuyin , Guo Jingjing , Lei Xiaohong , Qiu Junjun , Hua Keqin
Published: July 2020

Objective

To compare survival outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and laparotomy in early‐stage cervical cancer (CC) patients.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO, 2009) stage IA1 (lymphovascular invasion)‐IIA1 CC patients undergoing MIS or laparotomy at four tertiary hospitals from 2006 to 2017. Propensity score matching and weighting and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Survival was compared in various matched cohorts and subgroups.

Results

Three thousand two hundred and fifty‐two patients (2439 MIS and 813 laparotomy) were included after matching. (1) The 2‐ and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (2‐year, hazard ratio [HR], 1.81;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐3.0; 5‐year, HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.21‐3.89) or overall survival (OS) (2‐year, HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.03‐3.40; 5‐year, HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.29‐5.10) were significantly worse for MIS in patients with stage I B1, but not the cohort overall (2‐year RFS, HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.42; 2‐year OS, HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.70‐1.41; 5‐year RFS, HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.65; 5‐year OS, HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.79‐1.83) or other stages (2) In a subgroup analysis, MIS exhibited poorer survival in many population subsets, even in patients with less risk factors, such as patients with squamous cell carcinoma, negative for parametrial involvement, with negative surgical margins, negative for lymph node metastasis, and deep stromal invasion < 2/3. (3) In the cohort treated with (2172, 54%) or without adjuvant treatment (1814, 46%), MIS showed worse RFS than laparotomy in patients treated without adjuvant treatment, whereas no differences in RFS and OS were observed in adjuvant‐treatment cohort. (4) Inadequate surgeon proficiency strongly correlated with poor RFS and OS in patients receiving MIS compared with laparotomy.

Conclusions

MIS exhibited poorer survival outcomes than laparotomy group in many population subsets, even in low‐risk subgroups. Therefore, laparotomy should be the recommended approach for CC patients.
Morphological Profiling Identifies a Common Mode of Action for Small Molecules with Different Targets
Authors: Schneidewind Tabea , Brause Alexandra , Pahl Axel , Burhop Annina , Mejuch Tom , Sievers Sonja , Waldmann Herbert , Ziegler Slava
Published: July 2020

Unbiased morphological profiling of bioactivity, for example, in the cell painting assay (CPA), enables the identification of a small molecule's mode of action based on its similarity to the bioactivity of reference compounds, irrespective of the biological target or chemical similarity. This is particularly important for small molecules with nonprotein targets as these are rather difficult to identify with widely employed target‐identification methods. We employed morphological profiling using the CPA to identify compounds that are biosimilar to the iron chelator deferoxamine. Structurally different compounds with different annotated cellular targets provoked a shared physiological response, thereby defining a cluster based on their morphological fingerprints. This cluster is based on a shared mode of action and not on a shared target, that is, cell‐cycle modulation in the S or G2 phase. Hierarchical clustering of morphological fingerprints revealed subclusters that are based on the mechanism of action and could be used to predict target‐related bioactivity.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the thyroid gland
Authors: Cruz Mark M. , Schmidt Gregory S. , Johnson Jeptha T. , Hoang Thanh D. , Shakir Mohamed K. M.
Published: July 2020

Thyroid incidentalomas on FDG PET/CT are common with one‐third of focal uptakes caused by malignancies. Toxic nodules should be excluded. Ultrasound risk‐adapted systems can classify thyroid nodules and identify those who need biopsy.
Synthesis of 2‐alkenylidene‐3‐oxoindolines: cascade reactions of 4H‐furo [3,2‐b]indoles with diazoacetates catalyzed by a Cu(I) macrocyclic pyridine‐containing ligand (PcL) complex
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Caselli Alessandro , Colombo Alessia , Dragonetti Claudia , Giannangeli Matteo , Rossi Elisabetta , Brambilla Elisa
Published: July 2020

A highly reactive and selective catalytic system comprising Cu(I) and a macrocyclic pyridine‐containing ligand (Pc−L) for the synthesis of 2‐(penta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐ylidene) 3‐oxoindolines from 4H‐furo[3,2‐b]indoles and diazoalkane is reported herein. The reaction sequence involves the initial formation of a copper‐carbene by Cu(I)‐catalyzed decomposition of a diazoalkane followed by copper‐carbene to furoindole addition and successive furan ring‐opening aﬀording the final products. The reaction proved to be quite general, tolerating EWG as well as EDG substituents on the indole scaffold as well as acceptor or donor/acceptor carbene precursors and products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The proposed methodology allows to overcome some selectivity issues encountered performing similar transformations in the presence of gold(I)‐carbenes. Interestingly, two of the 2‐alkenylidene‐3‐oxoindolines are characterized by a second‐order nonlinear optical response higher than that of Disperse Red One
MoS2 nano‐flowers stacked by ultrathin sheets coupling with oxygen self‐doped porous biochar for efficient photocatalytic N2 fixation
Authors: Liu Baojun , Qin Jiangzhou , Yang Han , Hu Xia , Zhao Wenjun , Zhang Zhiguang
Published: July 2020

The adsorption and activation of N2 are significant steps for ammonia (NH3) production, and the traditional photocatalysts are limited in the reaction processes. To explore more efficient catalytic materials, MoS2 nano‐flowers stacked by ultrathin sheets were in situ grown on oxygen self‐doped porous biochar (OPC). The resultant MoS2/OPC composites with large exposed surface sites could be helpful to charge migration, and adsorption and activation of inert N2 molecules, which are favorable for excellent and stable photocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) in pure water. As a result, the productivity of ammonia is significantly improved by MoS2/OPC and the NH3 generation rate is as high as 37.878 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1. The results presented new insights into rational design of highly active catalysts for enhanced NRR performance.
Functional Hybrid Molecules for the Visualization of Cancer: PESIN‐Homodimers Combined with Multimodal Molecular Imaging Probes for Positron Emission Tomography and Optical Imaging: Suited for Tracking of GRPR‐Positive Malignant Tissue**
Authors: Hübner Ralph , Cheng Xia , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen
Published: July 2020

We describe multimodal imaging probes for gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)‐specific targeting suited for positron emission tomography and optical imaging (PET/OI), consisting of PESIN (PEG3‐BBN7‐14) dimers connected to multimodal imaging subunits. These multimodal agents comprise a fluorescent dye for OI and the chelator ((1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐4,7‐diyl)diacetic acid‐1‐glutaric acid) (NODA‐GA) for PET radiometal isotope labelling. Special focus was put on the influence of the used dyes on the properties of the whole bioconjugates. For this, several compounds with different fluorescent dyes and non‐dye carrying subunits were synthesized and investigated. As fluorescent dyes, dansyl, NBD, derivatives of fluorescein, coumarin and rhodamine as well as three pyrilium‐based dyes were employed. Considerable influence of the charge of the colored unit on hydrophilicity as well as in vitro target receptor binding was observed and classified. High radiochemical yields and purities were found during radiolabeling of the multimodal imaging subunits as well as their GRPR‐specific bioconjugates with 68Ga. Examinations of the photophysical properties of both molecule species displayed no loss or alteration of fluorescence characteristics.
Highly Conjugated π‐Systems Arising from Cannibalistic Hexadehydro‐Diels–Alder Couplings: Cleavage of C−C Single and Triple Bonds
Authors: Maier Jan , Deutsch Marian , Merz Julia , Ye Qing , Diamond Oliver , Schilling Maja‐Tessa , Friedrich Alexandra , Engels Bernd , Marder Todd B.
Published: July 2020

We have investigated the cannibalistic self‐trapping reaction of an ortho‐benzyne derivative generated from 1,11‐bis(p‐tolyl)undeca‐1,3,8,10‐tetrayne in an HDDA reaction. Without adding any specific trapping agent, the highly reactive benzyne is trapped by another bisdiyne molecule in at least three different modes. We have isolated and characterized the resulting products and performed high‐level calculations concerning the reaction mechanism. During the cannibalistic self‐trapping process, either a C≡C triple bond or an sp–sp3 C−C single bond is cleaved. Up to seven rings and nine C−C bonds are formed starting from two 1,11‐bis(p‐tolyl)undeca‐1,3,8,10‐tetrayne molecules. Our experiments and calculations provide considerable insight into the variety of reaction pathways which the ortho‐benzyne derivative, generated from a bisdiyne, can take when reacting with another bisdiyne molecule.
Charge‐Separated and Lewis Paired Metal–Organic Framework for Anion Exchange and CO2 Chemical Fixation
Authors: Thapa Sheela , Meng Lingyao , Hettiarachchi Eshani , Bader Yousef K. , Dickie Diane A. , Rubasinghege Gayan , Ivanov Sergei A. , Vreeland Erika C. , Qin Yang
Published: July 2020

Charge‐separated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a unique class of MOFs that can possess added properties originating from the exposed ionic species. A new charge‐separated MOF, namely, UNM‐6 synthesized from a tetrahedral borate ligand and Co2+ cation is reported herein. UNM‐6 crystalizes into the highly symmetric P43n space group with fourfold interpenetration, despite the stoichiometric imbalance between the B and Co atoms, which also leads to loosely bound NO3− anions within the crystal structure. These NO3− ions can be quantitatively exchanged with various other anions, leading to Lewis acid (Co2+) and Lewis base (anions) pairs within the pores and potentially cooperative catalytic activities. For example, UNM‐6‐Br, the MOF after anion exchange with Br− anions, displays high catalytic activity and stability in reactions of CO2 chemical fixation into cyclic carbonates.
Determining the impact of Medicaid expansion on cancer burden
Authors: Borno Hala T. , Lin Tracy K. , Batniji Rajaie S.
Published: July 2020

Medicaid expansion under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act aimed to reduce gaps in health care access. In their study, Kim et al report evidence of success in reducing the gap in access through the Medicaid expansion scheme in Ohio.
Mechanisms, Methods of Tracking and Applications of DNA Walkers: A Review
Authors: Valero Julián , Škugor Marko
Published: July 2020

In recent years, DNA nanotechnology expanded its scope from structural DNA nanoarchitecture towards designing dynamic and functional nanodevices. This progress has been evident in the development of an advanced class of DNA nanomachines, the so‐called DNA walkers. They represent an evolution of basic switching between distinctly defined states into continuous motion. Inspired by the naturally occurring walkers such as kinesin, research on DNA walkers has focused on developing new ways of powering them and investigating their walking mechanisms and advantages. New techniques allowing the visualization of walkers as single molecules and in real time have provided a deeper insight into their behavior and performance. The construction of novel DNA walkers bears great potential for applications in therapeutics, nanorobotics or computation. This review will cover the various examples and breakthrough designs of recently reported DNA walkers that pushed the limits of their performance. It will also mention the techniques that have been used to investigate walker nanosystems, as well as discuss the applications that have been explored so far.
Retracted: Green human resource management and employees' green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values
Authors: Al‐Ghazali Basheer M. , Afsar Bilal
Published: July 2020

Retraction

Al‐Ghazali, BM, Afsar, B. Green human resource management and employees' green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag. 2020; 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1987]

The above article, published online on 2nd July 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Richard Welford and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to unattributed overlap between this article and the following article under review with the Social Responsibility Journal: Ojo, Tan and Mazni SRJ‐12‐2019‐0403.R3: Linking Green HRM practices to environmental performance through pro‐environment behaviour in the Information Technology sector.
Simultaneous spectrum sensing, data transmission and Energy harvesting in multi‐channel cognitive sensor Networks with imperfect signal cancellation
Authors: Najimi Maryam
Published: July 2020

In multichannel cognitive sensor networks, the sensor users which have limited energy budgets sense the spectrum to determine the activity of the primary user. If the spectrum is idle, the sensor user can access the licensed spectrum. However, during the spectrum sensing, no data transmits. For improving the network throughput and saving more energy consumption, we propose the simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission scheme where the sensor receiver decodes the received signal, and from the remaining signal, the status of the channel (idle/busy) is determined. We also consider that the sensor users are powered by a radio‐frequency (RF) energy harvester. In this case, energy harvesting, data transmission, and spectrum sensing are done simultaneously. On the other hand, we select the proper sensor users for spectrum sensing and energy harvesting. We also allocate the best channels for data transmission simultaneously so that the network throughput maximizes and the constraints on the energy consumption and the detection performance are satisfied for each band. We formulate the problem and model it as a coalition game in which sensors act as game players and decide to make coalitions. Each coalition selects one of the channels to sense and transmit data, while the necessary detection probability and false alarm probability and also the energy consumption constraints are satisfied. The utility function of a coalition is proposed based on the energy consumption, false alarm probability, detection probability, and the network throughput. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm to reach a Nash‐stable coalition structure. It is demonstrated that the proposed method maximizes the network throughput and reduces the energy consumption while it provides sufficient detection quality, in comparison to other existent methods.