bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, antes e seis meses após a revascularização do miocárdio
Authors: Gois Cristiane Franca Lisboa , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Torrati Fernanda Gaspar
Published: October 2010

A cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) visa melhorar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), aliviar sintomas e aumentar a sobrevida. Objetivou-se comparar a QVRS antes e seis meses após CRM e avaliar a sua relação com idade, sexo, escolaridade e estado civil. Estudo descritivo e longitudinal que utilizou o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS. Entre os 54 sujeitos, 53,7% eram homens, 66,7% casados, com idade média de 57,3+9,7 anos e 5,7+4 anos de escolaridade. Após a CRM as médias dos domínios do SF-36 variaram de 62 a 74,2 sendo o intervalo anterior de 17,1 a 58,1. Homens apresentaram melhor avaliação da QVRS antes e após a CRM do que as mulheres, mas as diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes apenas para Estado geral de saúde e Dor. Não se constatou associação entre QVRS, escolaridade e estado civil. Concluiu-se que a CRM melhorou a QVRS dos participantes.
Um olhar sobre a interface trabalho hospitalar e os problemas ambientais
Authors: Camponogara Silviamar , Ramos Flavia Regina Souza , Kirchhof Ana Lucia Cardoso
Published: October 2010

Objetivou-se verificar como se manifesta a reflexividade ecológica no contexto do trabalho hospitalar e sua influência sobre a ação laboral dos trabalhadores. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada junto a trabalhadores hospitalares de uma instituição pública. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise documental, observação de campo e entrevista individual e coletiva. Os dados revelaram que o trabalhador mantém uma relação de distanciamento com a problemática ambiental, sendo a normatização sobre gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos o principal viés de aproximação com o tema. O desenvolvimento de ações efetivas de preservação ambiental, por parte do trabalhador hospitalar, está vinculado à adoção dessa questão como política institucional, devendo esse tema ser abordado no processo de educação permanente dos trabalhadores, com base em profunda reflexão ética.
Estratégias de ensino das habilidades do pensamento crítico na enfermagem
Authors: Crossetti Maria da Graça Oliveira , Bittencourt Greicy Kelly Gouveia Dias , Schaurich Diego , Tanccini Thaíla , Antunes Michele
Published: October 2010

Objetivou-se caracterizar estratégias de ensino utilizadas na enfermagem para desenvolver habilidades do pensamento crítico. Elaborou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Web of Science e Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), com os descritores critical thinking, nursing e teaching, no período de 1987 a 2008. A amostra constitui-se de 64 artigos e a análise permitiu a identificação de 27 estratégias de ensino do pensamento crítico aplicadas na enfermagem. Dentre estas, as cinco mais citadas foram: questionamento, estudo de caso, ensino online e aprendizagem interativa, mapa conceitual e aprendizagem baseada em problemas. Diferentes estratégias reveladas neste estudo evidenciam uma gama de possibilidades que poderão ser aplicadas no ensino e na prática clínica. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de habilidades do pensamento crítico por meio destas estratégias pode proporcionar a formação de profissionais mais críticos e reflexivos.
Saúde coletiva na perspectiva ecossistêmica: uma possibilidade de ações do enfermeiro
Authors: Santos Mateus Casanova dos , Siqueira Hedi Crecencia Heckler de , Silva Jose Richard de Sosa
Published: October 2010

O arcabouço da saúde coletiva ao buscar estratégias de proteção ao meio ambiente desenvolve uma prática da consciência ecossistêmica. As práticas ecológicas reconhecem o direito do ser humano de viver em um ambiente saudável e adequado, e a ser informado sobre os riscos do ambiente em relação à saúde e seu bem-estar. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo tecer uma discussão teórico-reflexiva sobre a adoção das práticas ecológicas urbanas em comunidades e sua relação com a saúde coletiva e vislumbrar possibilidades de inserção das ações do enfermeiro neste espaço. As ações da dialogicidade, da discussão estimulativa, da aproximação do enfermeiro com o habitat do ser humano, são capazes de encontrar reciprocidade na saúde coletiva e ao enfoque ecossistêmico. O respeito as suas crenças e ao seu conhecer em relação as suas necessidades em saúde, pode traduzir-se, objetivamente, na promoção da consciência ecológica e do espírito coletivo voltado para a cidadania.
Challenges and opportunities in graduate nursing education by distributed learning in Canada and Brazil
Authors: Molzahn Anita , Macdonald Marjorie , Banister Elizabeth , Sheilds Laurene , Starzomski Rosalie , Brown Marilyn , Gamroth Lucia , Paskulin Lisiane Girardi , Silveira Denise Tolfo
Published: October 2010

In this paper, the authors share their experience related to graduate nursing programs offered by distributed learning (DL) in Canada and Brazil. Although degrees offered by DL are often the subject of criticism, the authors' experience has been that learning outcomes have been very good. Nevertheless, a number of challenges and opportunities have been encountered including those associated with flexibility of the program, delivering practice courses at a distance, facilitating interaction, faculty workload and preparation and student support, Newer technologies that may assist in this effort are identified. Despite the challenges encountered, students rate the program highly and ongoing efforts are underway to ensure excellence of such flexible innovative graduate programs in nursing. The authors argue that despite the challenges, DL programs offer high quality graduate education that meets the needs of many nurses.
Mudança no processo que envolve escalas de folgas de auxiliares de enfermagem
Authors: Keretzky Kátia Bica , Vargas Adriano Silveira , Nascimento Márcia Elaine Costa do , Echer Isabel Cristina , Kruse Maria Henriqueta Luce
Published: October 2010

Descrever a implantação de um novo processo de gerenciamento das escalas de folgas dos auxiliares de enfermagem de uma unidade de internação de um hospital universitário é o objetivo deste trabalho. São apresentados: a realidade anterior à proposta, quando as folgas eram distribuídas ao longo da semana; os motivos que levaram à proposição do novo método e o funcionamento da nova escala, com folgas em finais de semana e feriados. Entre os benefícios já observados incluem-se: número maior de profissionais trabalhando nos dias de maior fluxo de trabalho; mais tempo de lazer dos trabalhadores com suas famílias; maior integração pessoal e profissional do grupo; escalas organizadas por um ano, o que permite ao funcionário planejar suas férias, folgas e estudos; e maior satisfação com o trabalho, com a nova escala sendo considerada uma conquista profissional.
Atenção humanizada ao recém-nascido de baixo-peso (método Mãe Canguru): percepções de puérperas
Authors: Neves Priscila Nicoletti , Ravelli Ana Paula Xavier , Lemos Juliana Regina Dias
Published: October 2010

A amamentação é uma das principais práticas que promovem a saúde, estando associada à diminuição de doenças e mortalidade na infância. A partir do trabalho conclusivo de curso, estruturou o presente artigo, que objetivou conhecer as percepções de puérperas frente à utilização do método mãe canguru. De abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e de campo, realizado em Instituição Filantrópica na cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2006, participando seis puérperas inseridas no método mãe canguru durante a internação do bebê. Para a coleta aconteceram entrevistas semi-estruturadas e os dados foram analisados pela análise de conteúdo. Este artigo analisou duas categorias, Vivências Maternas com o Método Mãe Canguru, com as subcategorias: método mãe canguru e o aleitamento materno e vivências na prática canguru; e Conhecendo o Método Canguru. Concluiu-se que a enfermagem exerce um papel imprescindível na inserção da família ao método, a partir dos cuidados prestados.
Cateter central de inserção periférica: descrição da utilização em UTI Neonatal e Pediátrica
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Bazzi Fernanda Cardoso da Silva , Bilibio Cassia Alcionara Conte
Published: October 2010

Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, documental que objetivou descrever a utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e Pediátrica quanto à inserção, manutenção e remoção, e identificar o perfil das crianças que receberam PICC, por meio de análise descritiva e estatística de 176 instrumentos preenchidos por enfermeiros, em um período de dois anos. A população assistida foi de 125 pacientes, principalmente prematuros (43,2%) e do sexo masculino (60%). Para inserção do dispositivo as veias basílica e cefálica (43,2%) e o cateter 1.9 Fr (85,8%) foram utilizados. Houve índice de sucesso nas punções (98,9%), porém a remoção antecipada ocorreu em virtude de obstrução (25%), infiltração (18%), suspeita de contaminação (16,6%), tração (13,9%), ruptura (11,2%), retirada acidental (8,3%), flebite (4,2%), cianose (1,4%) e migração (1,4%), com média de permanência de 14,5 dias. Para a manutenção do cateter é requerida a capacitação e a educação permanente dos profissionais, estratégias que qualificam a assistência.
Pacientes transplantados renais: análise de associação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem
Authors: Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira
Published: October 2010

A insuficiência renal crônica é uma doença com sérias implicações físicas, psicológicas e sócio-econômicas para o paciente. O transplante renal proporciona qualidade de vida aos renais crônicos. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar as associações entre os diagnósticos de enfermagem, os fatores relacionados e as características definidoras presentes em pacientes transplantados renais de um hospital universitário. Um estudo transversal de caráter exploratório e descritivo foi desenvolvido com 58 pacientes entre os meses de dezembro de 2004 e abril de 2005. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: roteiros de entrevista e exame físico. Os resultados mostraram associações entre Padrão de sono perturbado e Disfunção sexual, Padrão de sono perturbado e Padrões de sexualidade ineficazes, Disfunção sexual e Padrões de sexualidade ineficazes. Conclui-se que o estudo contribuiu para a identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados a características específicas destes pacientes.
Perfil sócio demográfico e clínico de pacientes em uso de anticoagulantes orais
Authors: Pelegrino Flávia Martinelli , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Corbi Inaiara Scalçone de Almeida , Carvalho Ariana Rodrigues da Silva
Published: October 2010

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o perfil sócio-demográfico, clínico e laboratorial de indivíduos em seguimento ambulatorial devido ao uso de anticoagulantes orais. O estudo foi descritivo, transversal, realizado no ambulatório de anticoagulação oral de um hospital terciário do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e consultas aos prontuários dos pacientes. Participaram 180 sujeitos, a maioria do sexo feminino (65,6%), com idade média de 55 anos, em uso de varfarina (83,3%) há mais de 6,9 anos, devido à presença de prótese cardíaca metálica (50%). Os resultados obtidos fornecem subsídios para os enfermeiros planejarem à assistencia aos usuários de anticoagulação oral com vistas a diminuição de possíveis complicações relacionadas à terapia e ao aumento da adesão ao tratamento.
Prevalência de fatores de risco para Síndrome Coronariana aguda em pacientes atendidos em uma emergência
Authors: Lemos Karine Franke , Davis Roberta , Moraes Maria Antonieta , Azzolin Karina
Published: October 2010

Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil do paciente portador de Síndrome Coronária Aguda (SCA) atendido em um serviço de emergência de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no que se refere aos fatores de risco. Estudo de prevalência entre agosto de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008. Para coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário, consulta ao prontuário e aferição de medidas antropométricas. Foram avaliados 152 pacientes com SCA, 63,8% do sexo masculino, idade média de 61±10,26 anos. Com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento de ST em 50,7%, infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST em 14,5% e angina instável em 34,9%. Os fatores de risco foram: sedentarismo (86,8%); sobrepeso e obesidade (77%); hipertensão arterial sistêmica (75,7%); história familiar (56,6%); estresse (52,6%); dislipidemia (44,7%); diabete mellitus (40,1%); tabagismo (39,5%); e ingesta de álcool (14,4%). Constatou-se uma alta prevalência de fatores de risco para SCA, necessitando de programas de educação em saúde, visando reduzir a morbi-mortalidade.
Tipologia de cuidados de enfermagem segundo clientes hospitalizados: encontro das dimensões técnico-científica e expressiva
Authors: Martins Paula Alvarenga de Figueiredo , Silva Denise da Conceição , Alvim Neide Aparecida Titonelli
Published: October 2010

Pesquisa qualitativo-descritiva, realizada em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto de 2007 a dezembro de 2008. Objetivou-se descrever os cuidados de enfermagem, caracterizando-os a partir das concepções de 26 clientes hospitalizados, sujeitos da pesquisa. Conjugou-se a técnica de criatividade e sensibilidade "Almanaque" com a entrevista na produção de dados, seguida de análise de conteúdo temática da qual emergiu a categoria "Dimensões do cuidado de enfermagem na ótica dos sujeitos: técnico-científica e expressiva". Os resultados apontaram que estas dimensões devem se manifestar de forma articulada, sendo o cuidado concebido como integral e construído na relação com o outro. Os sujeitos valorizam e defendem a aliança entre tais dimensões, e esperam que a enfermeira possa integrá-las nas ações de cuidado. O conhecimento acerca das concepções de clientes sobre os cuidados no hospital colabora na promoção de ambiente que favoreça sua restauração através da efetividade do cuidado, gerada nessa relação.
Pesquisa-ação: contribuição para prática investigativa do enfermeiro
Authors: Monteiro Claudete Ferreira de Sousa , Moreira Maria Rosilene Cândido , Oliveira Edina Araújo Rodrigues , Moura Maria Edileuza Soares , Costa Jonhatan Veloso
Published: October 2010

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica sobre a metodologia da pesquisa-ação enquanto estratégia alternativa ao modelo convencional de investigação científica. Contextualiza a metodologia a partir de dois estudiosos da temática, que propõem modelos estruturais distintos: o ciclo de investigação-ação e o modelo de fases flexíveis. Aponta exemplos de utilização da pesquisa-ação a partir de estudos realizados por enfermeiros. Considera-se modalidade que vem sendo cada vez mais adotada nos espaços do cuidado, bem como no processo educativo, apontando para a necessidade de maior aprofundamento teórico, a fim de que a estratégia possa ser ferramenta útil na prática investigativa do enfermeiro.
Acupuntura no cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente com cisto pilonidal: um relato de experiência assistencial
Authors: Santos Mateus Casanova dos
Published: October 2010

O presente estudo de caso assistencial, com caráter qualitativo, descritivo e participante, denota o uso da acupuntura no tratamento complementar de um paciente em acompanhamento médico e de enfermagem, possuindo cisto pilonidal sacrococcígeo recidivo com complicação infecciosa nos tecidos circunjacentes. Tem como objetivo identificar esse suporte em saúde complementar como uma estratégia potencial de utilização nos cuidados de enfermagem implementados aos pacientes. Observou-se que a acupuntura e o acompanhamento multiprofissional beneficiaram a recuperação tecidual local, o combate à infecção, contribuindo sobremaneira, ao fazer a consulta de enfermagem, para o enfrentamento positivo da enfermidade e a melhor adesão do paciente às orientações dos cuidados de enfermagem. De imediato, observa-se a necessidade de maiores estudos e aprofundamentos científicos sobre as contribuições das práticas orientais em saúde na enfermagem.
Oficinas de primeiros socorros: relato de experiência
Authors: Veronese Andréa Márian , Oliveira Dora Lúcia Leidens Corrêa de , Rosa Isaquiel Macedo da , Nast Karoline
Published: October 2010

Este relato de experiência é resultado do processo de construção de oficinas de primeiros socorros, oferecidas aos moradores do bairro Cavalhada, da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. As oficinas resultaram da preocupação dos pesquisadores, envolvidos no projeto "Risco de vida na perspectiva dos usuários do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência de Porto Alegre (SAMU) - subsídios para a gestão do serviço", em interferir, de forma mais dinâmica, na realidade estudada. Ao produzirmos este relato, buscamos fornecer subsídios para experiências no ensino de primeiros socorros.
Herbicide-Resistant Weed Seeds Contaminate Grain Sown in the Western Australian Grainbelt
Authors: Michael Pippa J. , Owen Mechelle J. , Powles Stephen B.
Published: October 2010

Preventing the introduction of weeds into the farming system through sowing of clean seeds is an essential component of weed management. The weed seed contamination of cleaned grain and herbicide resistance levels of the recovered weed seeds were examined in a study conducted across 74 farms in the Western Australian grainbelt. Most farmers grew and conserved their own crop seed. The majority of cleaned samples had some level of seed contamination from 11 foreign weed and volunteer crop species, with an average of 62 seeds 10 kg−1grain, substantially higher than the 28 seeds 10 kg−1grain expected by farmers. The most common weed contaminants across all samples were rigid ryegrass, wild radish, brome, and wild oat. When categorized by crop type, rigid ryegrass was the most frequent contaminant of cereal crops (barley and wheat), however wild radish was the most frequent contaminant of lupin crops. Uncleaned crop seed samples had almost 25 times more contamination than cleaned crop seed. Herbicide resistance was highly prevalent within rigid ryegrass populations recovered from cleaned grain except for glyphosate, which controlled all populations tested. Some resistance was also found in wild radish and wild oat populations; however, brome was susceptible to fluazifop. This study has shown that farmers are unknowingly introducing weed seeds into their farming systems during crop seeding, many of which have herbicide resistance.
Investigating the Human Dimension of Weed Management: New Tools of the Trade
Authors: Doohan Doug , Wilson Robyn , Canales Elizabeth , Parker Jason
Published: October 2010

The human dimension of weed management is most evident when farmers make decisions contrary to science-based recommendations. Why do farmers resist adopting practices that will delay herbicide resistance, or seem to ignore new weed species or biotypes until it is too late? Weed scientists for the most part have ignored such questions or considered them beyond their domain and expertise, continuing to focus instead on fundamental weed science and technology. Recent pressing concerns about widespread failure of herbicide-based weed management and acceptability of emerging technologies necessitates a closer look at farmer decision making and the role of weed scientists in that process. Here we present a circular risk-analysis framework characterized by regular interaction with and input from farmers to inform both research and on-farm risk-management decisions. The framework utilizes mental models to probe the deeply held beliefs of farmers regarding weeds and weed management. A mental model is a complex, often hidden web of perceptions and attitudes that govern how we understand and respond to the world. One's mental model may limit ability to develop new insights and adopt new ways of management, and is best assessed through structured, open-ended interviews that enable the investigator to exhaust the subjects inherent to a particular risk. Our assessment of farmer mental models demonstrated the fundamental attribution error whereby farmers attributed problems with weed management primarily to factors outside of their control, such as uncontrolled weed growth on neighboring properties and environmental factors. Farmers also identified specific processes that contribute to weed problems that were not identified by experts; specifically, the importance of floods and faulty herbicide applications in the spread of weeds. Conventional farmers expressed an overwhelming preference for controlling weeds with herbicides, a preference that was reinforced by their extreme dislike for weeds. These preferences reflect a typical inverse relationship between perceived risk and benefit, where an activity or entity we perceive as beneficial is by default perceived as low risk. This preference diminishes the ability of farmers to appreciate the risks associated with overreliance on herbicides. Likewise, conventional farmers saw great risk and little benefit in preventive measures for weed control. We expect that thorough two-way communication and a deeper understanding of farmer belief systems will facilitate the development of audience-specific outreach programs with an enhanced probability of affecting better weed management decisions.
Competitiveness and Essential Oil Phytotoxicity of Seven Annual Aromatic Plants
Authors: Dhima Kico , Vasilakoglou Ioannis , Garane Vassiliki , Ritzoulis Christos , Lianopoulou Vaia , Panou-Philotheou Eleni
Published: October 2010

Crops that effectively compete with weeds may be more suitable in low-input agricultural systems. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted in northern Greece to assess the competitiveness of seven annual aromatic plants (anise, sweet fennel, sweet basil, dill, coriander, parsley, and lacy phacelia) on common purslane, common lambsquarters, black nightshade, and barnyardgrass. The phytotoxicity of the essential oils produced by these aromatic plants was also determined using a perlite-based bioassay with barnyardgrass. Separation, identification, and quantification of the volatile compounds of these essential oils were also performed. After the harvest of the aromatic plants (8 wk after planting), the greatest weed fresh weight reduction (94 to 100%) was recorded in lacy phacelia, whereas the least (0 to 30%) was recorded in parsley. Lacy phacelia and sweet fennel produced the greatest fresh biomass yield in weedy and weed-free treatments, whereas parsley, dill, and coriander produced the lowest. Biomass of sweet fennel and anise was reduced by only 9 to 11% by weed competition, whereas biomass of lacy phacelia was not significantly affected. The essential oils isolated from sweet fennel and sweet basil were the most phytotoxic on barnyardgrass, whereas those isolated from lacy phacelia and anise were the least phytotoxic. Conclusively, aromatic plants with great competitiveness such as lacy phacelia, anise, and sweet fennel provided great weed suppression and they could be cultivated with low inputs in herbicides. However, high competitiveness of aromatic plants may not always be correlated with high essential oil phytotoxicity.
67.4: Use of a Spatial Multiresolution Visual Model with Display Characterization and Ambient Information to Adaptively Shape the Tonescales of Mobile Displays
Authors: Daly Scott , Mantiuk Rafal , Kerofsky Louis
Published: October 2010

An image‐dependent, display‐dependent, and ambient illumination‐dependent tone‐mapping operator is developed that is driven by a human vision system model. It aims to maximize visible contrast information for the full range of display devices, from e‐paper to HDR displays. The operator weights contrast distortions according to their visibility predicted by the model of the human visual system. The distortions are minimized given a display model that incorporates ambient information to enforce constraints on the solution. A scene cut algorithm is used for video content to allow rapid tonescale changes across scenes while a temporal LPF is used to avoid visible temporal fluctuations within scenes. We discuss the differences between our method and previous approaches to the tone‐mapping problem, as well as newer tone mapping approaches that do not seek to preserve image information. This paper will especially highlight the issues important for current display technology for mobile devices.
68.3: High Power LED Lamp with Efficient Heat Exchange System
Authors: Kang Soondong , Lim Sungkyoo
Published: October 2010

An LED streetlight with a new efficient cooling system was developed and demonstrated. The front side of an LED streetlight with Al heatsink and with a new heat exchange system were completely sealed by the transparent plastic case and the backside by the case made from Al plate. The temperature of the metal PCB within the lamp was 61 °C and 50 °C after 4 hours of operation at room temperature, respectively. The temperature of the metal PCB with the heat exchange system was much lower than the temperature with the LED streetlight with the conventional Al heatsink.
69.2: Highly Reliable Oxide‐Semiconductor TFT for AM‐OLED Display
Authors: Arai Toshiaki , Morosawa Narihiro , Tokunaga Kazuhiko , Terai Yasuhiro , Fukumoto Eri , Fujimori Takashige , Nakayama Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Sasaoka Tatsuya
Published: October 2010

We developed highly reliable oxide semiconductor TFT for AM‐ OLED displays. Passivating films, source/drain metals, and the TFT structure were optimized with an eye to improving device reliability to provide a lifetime over 10 years. An 11.7‐inch diagonal qHD AM‐OLED display was demonstrated to provide applicable solution for a large size OLED and an ultra‐high definition LCD TV mass‐production.
70.1: Laser Direct Imaging – Enabling Color in Electronic Paper Displays
Authors: Elizur Eran
Published: October 2010

In this paper we present a novel laser transfer method for imaging color filter arrays directly onto e‐paper displays. This method provides perfect means to deal with registration and other process issues associated with imaging color filters directly on plastic and will enable the next‐generation of color, plastic‐based, e‐paper displays. Experimental results are presented.
71.1: Invited Paper: High Resolution Microdisplays for Pico Projectors
Authors: Guttag Karl M.
Published: October 2010

Pico projectors, typically the size of a cell phone or smaller, are poised for explosive sales growth. Higher resolution microdisplays have been developed using liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) combined with a distributed memory and digital processing. “HD” resolutions of 720p and 1080p are in development.
71.2: An Integrated Photo Sensor Array on Liquid‐Crystal‐On‐Silicon (LCOS) Microdisplay for Automatic White Balance
Authors: Huang Ho‐Chi , Leo Hon‐Yuan , Lai Chia‐Cheng
Published: October 2010

A photo sensor array was placed on the perimeter of the CS‐ LCOS microdisplay to capture the incident red, green and blue light in sequence. These light intensities are processed by a peripheral video processor to control the duty cycles of the light sources for an automatic white balance at any time and temperature.
72.1: Strength of LCD Panel During Bending
Authors: Lin Mao‐Hsing , Hsieh Chia‐Hung , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: October 2010

The four‐point bending test, pure bending, is one kind of common test to evaluate LCD panel strength. From lots of four‐point bending experiments, we conclude that LCD panel strength is strongly correlated with manufacturing process. Also, St Venant flexure theory could not have properly analytical result to explain physical defect symptom of LCD panel after bending tests. This article aims at finding a numerical model to align both numerical and experimental results and obtains fracture stress under stabilized manufacturing condition.
9.1: Invited Paper: Green Technology in LCD
Authors: Souk Jun H. , Whangbo Sangwoo
Published: October 2010

Green technologies can be extended not only to the area of energy savings and chemical reduction in manufacturing but also to the area of power efficient devices. In this paper, we describe the status of green technologies in LCD industry in three areas; green factory, green process and green devices, and analyze the trend.
72.2: Strength Measurements of Thin AMLCD Panels
Authors: Westbrook Jamie T. , Bayne John F. , Roe Tim A. , Kim Jum S. , Su Po‐Hua , Ono Toshihiko , Gulati Suresh T.
Published: October 2010

The biaxial strength using ring‐on‐ring (ROR) test and uniaxial strength using 4‐point bend test (4PB) were measured for 13.3″ panels with substrate thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm. The effect of thinning process was quantified by these data along with identifying break sources using fractography. Strain gages were used to convert failure load to strength.
73.1: Large‐Area Plasma‐Panel Radiation Detectors for Nuclear Medicine Imaging to Homeland Security and the Super Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Friedman Peter S. , Ball Robert , Chapman J. Wehrley , Levin Daniel S. , Weaverdyck Curtis , Zhou Bing , Benhammou Yan , Etzion Erez , Moshe M. Ben , Silver Yiftah , Beene James R. , Varner Robert L.
Published: October 2010

A new radiation sensor derived from plasma panel display technology is introduced. It has the capability to detect ionizing and non‐ionizing radiation over a wide energy range and the potential for use in many applications. The principle of operation is described and some early results presented.
73.2: A Novel Design for Broadcasting LCD
Authors: Ahn Ji‐Young , Yu Sang Hee , Lee Sung‐gae , Han Hye‐in , Jo Min So , Lee So‐Jung , Lee Bu Yeol
Published: October 2010

32″ FHD LCD for broadcasting display system was researched. In order to satisfy high standard specification of broadcasting display, design was carried out at the consideration of optimum performance of panel, BL, mechanical parts, circuit so that characteristics of wide color gamut, improved color depth, wide viewing angle, improved white uniformity and motion blur reduction without frame rate control could be achieved. As a result, broadcasting LCD that can be commercialized was developed.
74.1: Invited Paper: LED Backlighting for LCD TVs
Authors: Schwedler Winfried , Nguyen Francis
Published: October 2010

A rapid transition from CCFL to LED backlighting is taking place for the LCD TVs. An overview is given on the technical, market, and regulatory forces behind this transition. Various backlighting approaches are discussed including direct‐, edge‐ and tile type backlighting, phosphor conversion LEDs versus red, green, and blue LEDs, efficiency and color gamut trade‐offs. The way from four edge backlights to single edge backlight is shown and the features of a premium phosphor for backlights are described. Methods for further improvement of image quality and total system power efficiency are also discussed.
74.2: High Efficiency Hybrid LED Backlight for Large‐area LCD TV
Authors: Gourlay James , Miller Ian
Published: October 2010

An optimized energy efficient design of a Hybrid LED backlight is presented. This incorporates side‐emitting LEDs distributed equally in a two‐dimensional array across the backlight area and embedded in a multi‐layer light‐guide structure. Good energy efficiency is achieved by: 1. LEDs embedded in the light‐guide to remove air‐guide optical coupling loses, 2. Very short average optical path lengths (cm 's) to minimize optical loss in the light‐guide polymer, 3. Integrated high performance surface light extraction features to minimize surface scattering but achieve good extracted light beam profile. The combination of these features produces a high optical efficiency (>90%) and thin LED backlight. The full results from the design and manufacture of an optimized 40″ demonstrator will be presented.
74.4: A Novel Ultra Thin Backlight System without Optical Sheets Using a Newly Developed Multi‐Layered Light‐guide
Authors: Ishida Takeshi , Kaida Kazuya , Kadowaki Shinya , Kunimasa Fumie
Published: October 2010

We describe a backlight system using a newly developed Multi‐Layered Light‐guide (MLL). MLL can perform as a backlight without additional optical sheets such as prism sheets or diffusers. It was developed as a multi‐layer sheet featuring different refractive indexes on different layers. A prototype was built, and the principles were confirmed in comparison with the theory. with a thickness of 0.514 mm, the built prototype is the thinnest backlight in the world, using only MLL without additional optical sheets.
75.3: Is Brighter Always Better? The Effects of Display and Ambient Luminance on Preferences for Digital Signage
Authors: Guterman Pearl S. , Fukuda Kazuho , Wilcox Laurie M. , Allison Robert S.
Published: October 2010

Preferred brightness may depend on many variables including image luminance and ambient illumination. To better understand the effects of these variables we asked observers to rate natural images according to their preferred brightness. Surprisingly, ratings plateaued at moderate luminance levels, and were only weakly influenced by ambient lighting.
75.5: Evaluating Procedure of Color Rendering Property on Reflective LCD
Authors: Lu Yen‐Hsing , Li Chia‐Hao , Tien Chung‐Hao , Huang Jih‐Fon
Published: October 2010

An evaluating procedure was introduced and demonstrated to reveal the impact of color appearance induced by ambient illumination for reflective‐type LCDs. The concepts of Color Rendering Index and Color Quality Scale were cooperated to account for the differences of color rendering between LED lightings with identical correlated color temperature but various spectra. The results showed that the colorimetric performance of reflective LCD was strongly dependent on various LED spectra and light level. And the proposed assessments, CRI and CQS, can effectively describe how well LED lighting renders the reflective‐type LCD.
76.2: Development of Highly Stable a‐IGZO TFT with TiOx as a Passivation Layer for Active‐Matrix Display
Authors: Seo Hyun‐Sik , Bae Jong‐Uk , Kim Dae‐Won , Ryoo Chang II , Kang Im‐Kuk , Min Soon‐Young , Kim Yong‐Yub , Han Joon‐Soo , Kim Chang‐Dong , Hwang Yong‐Kee , Chung In‐Jae
Published: October 2010

Titanium oxide (TiOx) was employed for passivation layer of indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) TFTs. Molybdenum (Mo) and titanium (Ti) was used as a source‐drain metal. It is demonstrated the titanium layer could be used as an etch stopper layer to protect the back channel of a‐IGZO during Mo etching process and transformed into TiOx by the surface treatment using oxygen plasma. From device measurement, we have observed that Ion/Ioff ratio and mobility are ∼108 and 9 cm2 V−1 sec−1, respectively. AMLCD panel has been demonstrated to verify the device uniformity and performance.
76.3: 32‐inch LCD Panel Using Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide TFTs
Authors: Lu Hsiung‐Hsing , Ting Hung‐Che , Shih Tsung‐Hsiang , Chen Chia‐Yu , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yusin
Published: October 2010

32‐inch TFT‐LCD Panel using the amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is demonstrated in this study. The size of 32‐inch TFT‐LCD driven by a‐IGZO TFTs was the top two largest sizes in our limited information. Less report was larger than the size of 32‐inch a‐IGZO TFT‐LCDs. To realize a‐IGZO TFTs driving the large size TFT‐LCD panel, bottom gate structure is proposed. High performance a‐IGZO TFTs is achieved successfully to ligh‐on the 32‐inch LCD panel. Uniform electrical characteristic is obtained on the coplanar type TFTs. The field effect mobility is 5.16 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage is 0.5 V, sub‐threshold swing is 0.38 V/decade, and on/off current ratio is 1.8 × 108. After 1000 sec DC gate bias stress at −30 V, the threshold voltage shifts is less than 1.1 V.
76.4: A Simple Technology for Realizing Self‐Aligned Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Ye Zhi , Chow Thomas , Zhang Dongli , Wong Man
Published: October 2010

A simple process technology, combining in one step the etching of the gate‐stack and the doping of the source/drain regions, is developed for realizing a polycrystalline zinc oxide thin‐film transistor. The resulting transistor exhibits a field‐effect mobility of ∼280cm2/Vs, a linearly extrapolated threshold voltage of ∼1V, a pseudo sub‐threshold slope of ∼185mV/decade and an on/off current ratio of ∼4×107. These characteristics are found to behave nicely with reducing channel length, exhibiting short‐channel effects only when the channel length is scaled to ∼1μm.
77.1: Invited Paper: TFT Technologies for Flexible Displays
Authors: Jang Jin , Choi Min Hee , Cheon Jun Hyuk
Published: October 2010

The technology issues on a‐Si:H, LTPS, oxide and organic TFTs on flexible substrates are discussed based on our experimental data. The performance of the a‐Si:H TFTs on flexible graphite is the same as that on glass, the LTPS TFT on metal foils exhibited a field‐effect mobility of > 100 cm2/Vs, the oxide TFT on PI showed the mobility of 13 cm2/Vs with high on/off current ratio and OTFT on PEN exhibited a field effect mobility of > 0.1 cm2/Vs. Therefore, the OTFT is suitable for the backplane of e‐paper display, LTPS TFT on metal foil and oxide TFT on PI appear to be suitable for flexible AMOLED.
77.3: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of Backplanes for Paper‐Like Displays
Authors: Taussig Carl , Cobene Robert , Elder Richard , Jackson Warren , Jam Mehrban , Jeans Albert , Luo Hao , Maltabes John , Mei Ping , Smith Mark , Perlov Craig , Zhao Lihua , Almanza‐Workman Marcia , Garcia Robert , Kim Hanjun , Kwon Ohseung , Jeffrey Frank
Published: October 2010

HP and Phicot are planning the world's first R2R (roll‐to‐roll) manufacturing line for display backplanes based on the SAIL (Self‐Aligned Imprint Lithography) process. Economic benefits for R2R compared to batch, cost comparisons of different R2R processes, comparison of substrate options, and necessary supply chain infrastructure developments are presented.
79.1: Advanced Sputtering Equipment Design for FPD
Authors: Matsudai Masasuke , Sato Shigemitsu , Ohno Tetsuhiro
Published: October 2010

ULVAC Sputtering System for LCD TFT‐array & TCO has maintained leading market share by offering latest technology fulfilling market needs, in every generation since the LCD market growth in the 1990's. Particularly, equipment design has made a big change since 7.5th generation with “Simple, Small‐footprint, High‐productivity” as keywords.
79.2: Wet Patterning of Thin Films in Vertical Transfer Wet Station for TFT Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Seo Bo‐Hyun , Seo Jong Hyun , Lee Kang‐Woong , Jeon Jae‐Hong , Choe Heehwan , Ryu Jong‐Hyeok , Park Byungwoo , Chang Dae‐Hyun
Published: October 2010

Compared with tilt transfer wet station, vertical etching system has a many advantages that are 50% space savings, higher throughput and good etch uniformity over an entire glass for thin film transistor application. The aim of the present work is to analysis on a vertical etching system to improve the process factors. The computational fluid dynamics analysis is used to testify the change of the etch uniformity as a function of tilt angle of the glass substrate.
80.3: Distinguished Paper: Ultra‐Low‐Reflective 60‐in. LCD with Uniform Moth‐Eye Surface for Digital Signage
Authors: Taguchi Tokio , Hayashi Hidekazu , Fujii Akiyoshi , Tsuda Kazuhiko , Yamada Nobuaki , Minoura Kiyoshi , Isurugi Akinobu , Ihara Ichiro , Itoh Yasuhisa
Published: October 2010

We have developed an over 60‐inch size Moth‐eye anti‐reflection surface, which has original shaped nanostructures. The minimum reflectance was 0.02% and the average was less than 0.04% with little wavelength dependence. Moreover an anti‐glare function was added. The 60‐inch LCD applied AG Moth‐eye surface had an excellent visibility in bright environments.
10.1: Crosstalk Simulation for Polarization Switching 3D LCD Display
Authors: Ko Youngji , Yoon Junghoon , Cha Kyunghoon , Kang Kihyung
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we introduce Crosstalk definition of Polarization Switching 3D LCD display and scrutinize the relation between Crosstalk and parameters which give influence to Crosstalk throughout simulation. This result can give efficient guidelines to design Polarization Switching 3D LCD display having Crosstalk as less as possible.
P‐6: A Novel 3D Display Based on Spliced Images
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Haifeng , Xie Jing , Wu Jiang , Liu Xu
Published: October 2010

A novel 3D display approach and system based on spliced images is proposed, which consists of an array of mini‐projectors and a vertical diffuser. We made a prototype‐equipment using 49 mini‐ projectors and a vertical diffuser to demonstrate this method. A 23‐inch LCD screen with the resolution of 1920*1080 and 49 Fresnel lens were used to make the mini‐projector array. This device can display a 3D image with 49 horizontal viewpoints and a small angle pitch of 0.51 °. The 3D images displayed by our approach can be observed at different horizontal and vertical viewpoints without fatigue. The observers will get depth perception from binocular parallax, horizontal motion parallax and vertical motion parallax.
P‐9: Integral Imaging of 3‐D CG Animation Using a Laptop PC and General‐purpose Fly's Eye Lens
Authors: Yanaka Kazuhisa , Yoda Masahiko , Momose Akufumi
Published: October 2010

A new moving integral imaging system was developed. 3D CG animation data are rendered from multiple viewpoints and integrated into a video sequence with our method. The sequence is displayed on a laptop LCD and observed through a general‐ purpose fly's eye lens. A stereoscopic view with full parallax was obtained.
P‐15: OTFT Backplane for Electrophoretic Display Fabricated by Combined Printing Technology
Authors: Lee Myung‐Won , Lee Mi‐Young , Park Jong‐Seung , Song Chung‐Kun
Published: October 2010

In this paper, The OTFT backplane with bottom contact structure on plastic substrate using combined process will be discussed. The active size of backplane was 6″; in diagonal direction and consisted of 192×150 pixels, containing 1 OTFT and 1 capacitance in each pixel. Each layer of OTFT was used combining process to overcome the problem of printing technique. The gate electrodes were fabricated by screen printing with wet etching. The source drain electrodes were made by ink jet printing combining plasma treatment. Finally, The EPD panel successfully displayed test patterns.
P‐21: Integrated Source Drivers for Electrophoretic Displays Using Low Temperature IZO TFTs
Authors: Venugopal Sameer M. , Marrs Michael , Allee David R.
Published: October 2010

A low temperature (180 °C) Indium Zinc Oxide thin film transistor process compatible with flexible substrates and integrated source drivers for electrophoretic displays using these IZO TFTs has been developed at the Flexible Display Center. Initial stress tests show improved threshold voltage stability compared to amorphous silicon TFTs.
P‐27: Novel AlNiLa Serves as Gate Electrodes of a‐TFT for AMLCD
Authors: Liu Po‐Tsun , Chou Yi‐Teh , Hsu Ting‐Hao , Huang An‐Di , Chen Bing‐Mau
Published: October 2010

AlNiLa metallization technology is introduced for AMLCD as gate electrodes. Ni can effectively prevent Al diffusing into Si‐based layer while La can obviously increase uniformity during AlNiLa deposition than that of conventional Al‐Nd alloy. According to the electrical measurement results, the compatibility of AlNiLa in TFT has been verified.
P‐29: Amorphous Silicon Driver Integration in E‐paper Display
Authors: Ma Jun , Bo JungTae , Luo Xixi , Wu Tianyi , Ling Zhihua , Huang Zhongshou , Zeng Wei , Li Yuesheng
Published: October 2010

E‐paper technology has been gaining astonishing progresses recent years in paper‐like high contrast ratio and extremely low power consumption. We have previously reported 2.5 inch 400×300 and 6 inch 800×600 E‐paper module samples with reflectivity at 42% and contrast ratio at 8.6. We propose in this paper a novel E‐paper module structure with amorphous silicon gate driver and data driver integrated on glass, without IC die and FPC attached. This design makes display module a truly portable and wireless picture card and board without battery, while maintain very convenient write and re‐write functionalities through on‐glass contact pins.
10.4: Measuring of GraytoGray Crosstalk in a LCD Based TimeSequential Stereoscopic Display
Authors: Shestak Sergey , Kim Daesik , Hwang Seondeok
Published: October 2010

A method of measuring stereoscopic crosstalk between left and right image pixels with arbitrary gray levels is proposed. The primary purpose of the method is to study LCD based timesequential stereodisplays, however the proposed method can be applied in studying and characterization of the other types of stereoscopic display. To test a method, a display, based on TN LCD panel, is examined. Noticeable variations of the crosstalk with the applied graygray input signals are demonstrated. It is also shown an asymmetry of the crosstalk, responsible for the light ghosting and a crosstalk, responsible for the dark ghosting.
P‐33: Cu‐Mn Electrodes for a‐Si TFT and Its Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Koike Junichi , Hirota Kazuhiko , Naito Mayumi , Yun Pilsang , Sutou Yuji
Published: October 2010

Cu‐Mn alloy was used for electrode materials for amorphous Si TFT. The gate electrode showed a good adhesion to glass and low resistivity. The source/drain electrodes showed a good diffusion barrier property, Ohmic contact, and a low contact resistivity. TFT structure showed the ON/OFF ratio of better than 106.
P‐39: A Highly Stable a‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver Circuit with Reducing Clock Duty Ratio
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Tu Chun‐Da , Chuang Min‐Chin , Chou Kuan‐Wen , Hung Chia‐Che , Wang Chih‐Wei , Chiang Min‐Feng , Chen Yung‐Chih
Published: October 2010

This paper presents a new a‐Si:H gate driver circuit for large panel applications. Consisting of 12 TFTs and three capacitors, the proposed circuit is fabricated for measurement. The threshold voltage shift of TFTs is significantly reduced by reducing clock duty ratio. Experimental results indicate that the gate driver circuit operates stably under long‐term and high temperature testing.
P‐201L: Late‐News Poster: Threshold Voltage Shift under Bias Temperature Stress of Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide TFTs
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hwan , Vim Hoon , Lee Seung‐Min , Kim Sung Ki , Park Kwon‐Shik , Kim Chang‐Dong , Hwang Yong Kee , Chung In‐Jae
Published: October 2010

In this paper, we have fabricated TFTs with a‐IGZO. DC magnetron sputtering was employed for a‐IGZO deposition. The a‐IGZO TFTs were fabricated and evaluated using various deposition conditions with sputtering power and repeating the deposition of a‐IGZO. All TFTs were annealed after the deposition of etch stopper to maximize stability between a‐IGZO and etch stopper. Bias temperature stress characteristics were relevant to the initial property of a‐IGZO before annealing. Very stable TFTs were achieved optimizing the condition of a‐IGZO deposition and annealing after etch stopper. The Vth shift was 0.8V under positive bias temperature stress (Vgs=30V, 3600s, 60 °C). Also, the 17‐inch IPS AMLCD display panel with a‐IGZO TFTs was demonstrated.
P‐202L: Late‐News Poster: Long‐Term Stability of Oxide Semiconductor‐ Based TFTs
Authors: Barquinha Pedro , Pereira Luis , Gonçalves Gonçalo , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunate Elvira
Published: October 2010

Long‐term electrical stability measurements, including current/bias stress and aging over 18 months of idle shelf life are presented for GIZO‐based TFTs. The effects of oxygen partial pressure, annealing temperature and passivation are discussed. Optimized devices show highly stable properties, such as a recoverable ΔVT<0.5 V after 24h of ID=10 μA stress, quite promising for integration in electronic circuits.
P‐43: Portable Navigation Device with Head‐Up Display Unit
Authors: Hsieh Chiu‐Ting , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Luo Kuang‐Tso
Published: October 2010

Navigation device becomes more and more popular in a vehicle on the road, and head‐up display (HUD) is the most suitable visual interface in terms of safety consideration. A compact HUD unit with navigation module inside has been proposed and built mainly for improving driving safety while the driver is trying to operate navigation functions. This 90mm (W) × 67mm (H) × 150mm (D) unit provides 65,536 (16 bits per pixel) colors image and QVGA resolution is demonstrated which is available for displaying a wide range of information for vehicle application.