bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First validation of Aeolus wind observations by airborne Doppler wind lidar measurements
Authors: Witschas Benjamin , Lemmerz Christian , Geiß Alexander , Lux Oliver , Marksteiner Uwe , Rahm Stephan , Reitebuch Oliver , Weiler Fabian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Soon after the launch of Aeolus on 22 August 2018, the first ever wind lidar in space developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) has been providing profiles of the component of the wind vector along the instrument's line of sight (LOS) on a global scale. In order to validate the quality of Aeolus wind observations, the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR) recently performed two airborne campaigns over central Europe deploying two different Doppler wind lidars (DWLs) on board the DLR Falcon aircraft. The first campaign – WindVal III – was conducted from 5 November 2018 until 5 December 2018 and thus still within the commissioning phase of the Aeolus mission. The second campaign – AVATARE (Aeolus Validation Through Airborne Lidars in Europe) – was performed from 6 May 2019 until 6 June 2019. Both campaigns were flown out of the DLR site in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, during the evening hours for probing the ascending orbits. All together, 10 satellite underflights with 19 flight legs covering more than 7500 km of Aeolus swaths were performed and used to validate the early-stage wind data product of Aeolus by means of collocated airborne wind lidar observations for the first time. For both campaign data sets, the statistical comparison of Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) observations and the corresponding wind observations of the reference lidar (2 µm DWL) on board the Falcon aircraft shows enhanced systematic and random errors compared with the bias and precision requirements defined for Aeolus. In particular, the systematic errors are determined to be 2.1 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and 2.3 m s−1 (Mie) for WindVal III and −4.6 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and −0.2 m s−1 (Mie) for AVATARE. The corresponding random errors are determined to be 3.9 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and 2.0 m s−1 (Mie) for WindVal III and 4.3 m s−1 (Rayleigh) and 2.0 m s−1 (Mie) for AVATARE. The Aeolus observations used here were acquired in an altitude range up to 10 km and have mainly a vertical resolution of 1 km (Rayleigh) and 0.5 to 1.0 km (Mie) and a horizontal resolution of 90 km (Rayleigh) and down to 10 km (Mie). Potential reasons for those errors are analyzed and discussed.
Tomographic Imaging of a Large Scale TID during the Halloween Storm of 2003
Authors: Bolmgren Karl , Mitchell Cathryn , Pinto Jayawardena Talini , Bust Gary , Bruno Jon
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The most intense ionospheric storm observed in recent times occurred between 29–31 October 2003. The disturbances to the high-latitude regions set off several Large-Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs), wavelike perturbations in the ionospheric electron density. This paper investigates one particular Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) on 31 October 2003 using North American Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver network data and a tomographic imaging technique. The TID has an estimated period of 30 min, an estimated horizontal wavelength of 700 km and propagates South-Westward over North America. The tomographic reconstruction of the wave is validated using a simulation of the observations and with independent observations from ionosondes and the CHAMP Planar Langmuir Probe. The results are discussed in the context of the magnetic and ionospheric conditions that may have contributed to the launch of the wave. Large-scale TIDs are challenging to study over large regions of the Earth, and the GPS network here is shown to offer a unique perspective on the spatial and temporal variation of the TID. The experimental results are backed up by simulations that show a denser network of receivers, as is available in more recent years, would produce improved accuracy in the TID imaging.
Sentinel-3 radar altimetry for river monitoring – a catchment-scale evaluation of satellite water surface elevation from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B
Authors: Kittel Cecile M. M. , Jiang Liguang , Tøttrup Christian , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Sentinel-3 is the first satellite altimeter to operate in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode and in open-loop tracking mode nearly globally. Both features are expected to improve the ability of the altimeters to observe inland water bodies. In this study we evaluate the possibility to extract river water surface elevation (WSE) at catchment level from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B radar altimetry, using Level-1b and Level-2 data from two public platforms. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the density of valuable observations and establish a WSE monitoring network. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential application of Sentinel-3 for monitoring river interactions with wetlands and floodplains. In the Zambezi basin, 175 virtual stations (VS) contain useful WSE information in both datasets, far exceeding the number of VS available in standard databases. The RMSD is between 2.7 cm and 31.2 cm at six in-situ stations and the VS reflect the observed WSE climatology throughout the basin. Additional VS are available in both the Copernicus Open Access Hub and GPOD (Grid Processing on Demand), highlighting the value of considering multiple processing options. In particular, we show that the processing options available on GPOD strongly affect the number of useful VS; in particular, extending the size of the receiving window, considerably improved data at 13 Sentinel-3 VS. The number of VS delivering usable data increased after the Open-Loop Tracking Command (OLTC) on-board Sentinel-3A was updated. However, the open-loop tracking mode poses two new challenges: correct on-board elevation information is crucial, and steep changes in the receiving window position can have detrimental effects on the WSE observations. Finally, we extract Sentinel-3 observations over key wetlands in the Zambezi basin. We show that clear seasonal patterns are captured in the Sentinel-3 WSE, reflecting flooding events in the floodplains. These results highlight the potential of using Sentinel-3 as a SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) surrogate while awaiting the mission launch. The results show the benefit of the high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimeter, as well as the benefits and disadvantages of the open-loop tracking mode.
Climate change impacts model parameter sensitivity – What does this mean for calibration?
Authors: Melsen Lieke Anna , Guse Björn
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hydrological models are useful tools to explore the hydrological impact of climate change. Many of these models require calibration. A frequently employed strategy is to calibrate the five parameters that were found to be most relevant as identified in a sensitivity analysis. However, parameter sensitivity varies over climate, and therefore climate change could influence parameter sensitivity. In this study we explore the change in parameter sensitivity within a plausible climate change rate, and investigate if changes in sensitivity propagate into the calibration strategy. We employed three frequently used hydrological models (SAC, VIC, and HBV), and explored parameter sensitivity changes across 605 catchments in the United States by comparing a GCM-forced historical and future period. Consistent among all models is that the sensitivity of snow parameters decreases in the future. Which parameters increase in sensitivity is less consistent among the models. In 43 % to 49 % of the catchments, dependent on the model, at least one parameter changes in the future in the top-5 most sensitive parameters. The maximum number of changes in the parameter top-5 is two, in 2–4 % of the investigated catchments. The value of the parameters that enter the top-5 cannot easily be identified based on historical data, because the model is not yet sensitive to these parameters. This requires an adapted calibration strategy for long-term projections, for which we provide several suggestions. The disagreement among the models on processes becoming relevant in future projections also calls for a strict evaluation of the adequacy of the model structure and the model parameters implemented therein.
A note on leveraging synergy in multiple meteorological datasets with deep learning for rainfall-runoff modeling
Authors: Kratzert Frederik , Klotz Daniel , Hochreiter Sepp , Nearing Grey S.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. A deep learning rainfall-runoff model can take multiple meteorological forcing products as inputs and learn to combine them in spatially and temporally dynamic ways. This is demonstrated using Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs) trained over basins in the continental US using the CAMELS data set. Using multiple precipitation products (NLDAS, Maurer, DayMet) in a single LSTM significantly improved simulation accuracy relative to using only individual precipitation products. A sensitivity analysis showed that the LSTM learned to utilize different precipitation products in different ways in different basins and for simulating different parts of the hydrograph in individual basins.
Distance measurement between trityl radicals by pulse dressed electron paramagnetic resonance with phase modulation
Authors: Wili Nino , Hintz Henrik , Vanas Agathe , Godt Adelheid , Jeschke Gunnar
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Distance measurement in the nanometre range is among the most important applications of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance today, especially in biological applications. The longest distance that can be measured by all presently used pulse sequences is determined by the phase memory time Tm of the observed spins. Here we show that one can measure the dipolar coupling during strong microwave irradiation by using an appropriate frequency- or phase-modulation scheme, i.e. by applying pulse sequences in the nutating frame. This decouples the electron spins from the surrounding nuclear spins and thus leads to significantly longer relaxation times of the microwave-dressed spins (i.e. the rotating frame relaxation times T1ρ and T2ρ) compared to Tm. The electron–electron dipolar coupling is not decoupled as long as both spins are excited, which can be implemented for trityl radicals at Q-band frequencies (35 GHz, 1.2 T). We show results for two bis-trityl rulers with inter-electron distances of about 4.1 and 5.3 nm and discuss technical challenges and possible next steps.
Variation of soil organic carbon, stable isotopes, and soil quality indicators across an erosion–deposition catena in a historical Spanish olive orchard
Authors: Gómez José A. , Guzmán Gema , Toloza Arsenio , Resch Christian , García-Ruíz Roberto , Mabit Lionel
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study compares the distribution of bulk soil organic
carbon (SOC), its fractions (unprotected and physically, chemically, and biochemically
protected), available phosphorus (Pavail), organic nitrogen (Norg), and
stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) signatures at
four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) between a nearby open
forest reference area and a historical olive orchard (established in 1856)
located in southern Spain. In addition, these soil properties, as well as
water stable aggregates (Wsagg), were contrasted at eroding and
deposition areas within the olive orchard, previously determined using
137Cs. SOC stock in the olive orchard (about 40 t C ha−1) was only
25 % of that in the forested area (about 160 t C ha−1) in the upper
40 cm of soil, and the reduction was especially severe in the unprotected
organic carbon. The reference and the orchard soils also showed significant
differences in the δ13C and δ15N signals, likely
due to the different vegetation composition and N dynamics in both areas.
Soil properties along a catena, from erosion to deposition areas within the
old olive orchard, showed large differences. Soil Corg, Pavail and
Norg content, and δ15N at the deposition were
significantly higher than those of the erosion area, defining two distinct
areas with a different soil quality status. These overall results indicate
that the proper understanding of Corg content and soil quality in olive
orchards requires the consideration of the spatial variability induced by
erosion–deposition processes for a convenient appraisal at the farm scale.
Modelling of the process of vybromechanical activation of plant raw material hydrolysis for pectin extraction
Authors: Palamarchuk Igor , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Sukhenko Vladislav , Dudchenko Vladislav , Korets Lidija , Litvinenko Aleksandr , Deviatko Olena , Ulianko Sergii , Slobodyanyuk Natalia
Published: May 2020

Centrifugal and vibrational technological effects are among the main approaches to intensify the process of plant raw materials hydrolysis for pectin extraction. With the impulse intensification of such a process, it is possible not only to increase its efficiency, but also to achieve the compactness of the equipment, reduce the cost of electricity and improve the quality of the product of hydrolysis. The hypothesis is confirmed, according to which the vibro-centrifugal intensification of hydrolysis increases the driving force of the process by not only activating the material flows of raw materials and reagents, but also by reducing the resistance in the technological environment.
Graphical and analytical dependencies of the power and energy parameters of the oscillatory system were obtained, which proved the overcoming of the flow resistance of the liquid medium in the entire speed range of the drive shaft with the potential to intensify the process at a power consumption of 2.0 – 3.0 kW and or by the force of 2.3 – 2.5 kN using the Lagrange and Cauchy methods for composing and solving the equations of motion of the moving components of the tested hydrolyser with vibrating activators, and the methods of mathematical analysis and their processing in the MathCAD. The analysis of the presented parameters of the studied process of mixing the pectin-containing mass in the hydrolyser allowed us to determine the rational mode parameters of processing, which correspond to the angular velocity of the drive shaft  rad/s at the power consumption of 500 – 600 watts.
Bearing of Tax Audit on Tax Compliance and Revenue Generation in Ekiti State
Authors: DADA Raphael Adekola , TAIWO Isaac Babatope
Published: May 2020

The paper examined the impact of tax audit on revenue generation in Ekiti State. The data used for this study was gathered using structured questionnaire administered to 312 staff of the Ekiti State Internal Revenue Service. A regression analysis technique was adopted, and the result revealed that certain per cent of the revenue generated in Ekiti State could be explained by the tax audit; It was also discovered that auditing access, auditing officials, an effective tax audit, non-compliance, audit fieldwork, tax audit control, and corruption affect the revenue generation by 1.188, 0.319, 0.596, 0.148, 0.157, 0.125 and 0.002 respectively; the probability value  0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.022 and 0.00 ˂ 0.05 showed that auditing access, auditing officials, effective tax audit and incentive were statistically significant at 5 per cent level; the probability of F-statistic value 0.000 ˂ 0.05 revealed that the model was appropriate for determining the impact of tax audit on revenue generation in Ekiti State. Thus, the study concluded that tax audit should be embraced as it maximizes the collection of revenue which enables the government to address developmental projects that will benefit its citizenry and also helps in strengthening the businesses of the taxpayer.
Mobility in the Internationalisation of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Serpa Sandro , Caldeira Suzana Nunes , Serpa Margarida S. Damião , Gonçalves Rolando Lalanda , Montenegro Helena Mateus , Rego Isabel Estrela
Published: May 2020

International mobility of higher education institutions’ members within the European Union is explicitly encouraged and used as one of the higher education institutions’ quality criteria. This paper aims to contribute to the analysis of the phenomenon of international mobility between higher education institutions, especially within the European area in the broad sense, and for which the ERASMUS+ Programme is paradigmatic. The authors have been linked to mobility processes by addressing issues of internationalisation and receiving and sending students and teachers in and out of their institution, and/or hosting them in curricular units taught by them or in other training actions. It is in this context that theoretical reflection has been carried out, to respond to the objective of analysing the relevance of mobility in the internationalisation of higher education institutions and to reflect on questions of its evaluation. It is concluded that there is interest in allowing a mutually enriching scientific dialogue for the personal and professional development of those involved – students, academics and other staff members. Furthermore, it is institutionally considered that the higher education institution is promoting its quality and image if it provides an in-depth exchange of ideas and practices that foster improvements in teaching and research of the institutions involved. It is also concluded that there is a need for structures to respond to this new reality and that the evaluation processes can contribute to measuring and promoting it.
Economia circular como alternativa para o crescimento sustentável brasileiro: análise da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos
Authors: Cosenza José Paulo , Andrade Eurídice Mamede de , Assunção Gardênia Mendes de
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: apresentar uma visão global do tema economia circular, tentando mostrar os aspectos mais relevantes na implantação desse conceito e as práticas a si inerentes.Metodologia: estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, baseado na revisão de documentos e normas pertinentes às medidas dirigidas ao gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no Brasil.Relevância: o trabalho contribui para a discussão acadêmica sobre um conceito que se insere no âmbito do anseio mundial, assentado na produção e eliminação de resíduos, apostando nos conceitos de reutilização, reparação e renovação de materiais e energia e visando o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento humano preservando o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável.Resultados: foi possível mostrar o movimento para incorporar a economia circular na produção e consumo no Brasil, destacando a necessidade de superar diferentes barreiras e desafios para viabilizá-lo de acordo com os critérios de sustentabilidade ambiental, conforme definido conceitualmente para a promoção da economia circular.Contribuições: a partir da discussão teórica, associada à pesquisa empírica, as principais contribuições estão vinculadas ao fato de se dar ênfase às ações brasileiras de transformação de resíduos sólidos urbanos em energia e se descrever os principais aspectos relativos ao regulamento da logística reversa no Brasil, de modo a identificar sua vinculação com a economia circular.Conclusão: observou-se a necessidade de uma grande mudança cultural, a partir da educação ambiental, articulada com um bom processo de sensibilização e comunicação social.
Ferramentas para avaliação da sustentabilidade nas operações de serviço em instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Drahein Alfred Douglas , De Lima Edson Pinheiro , Gouvêa da Costa Sérgio Eduardo
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo é analisar as práticas de sustentabilidade nas operações de serviço em três Instituições de Ensino Superior da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica no Brasil por intermédio de um modelo desenvolvido e aplicado denominado Sustainability Assessment for Higher Technological Education (SAHTE). Desenho / metodologia / abordagem: por meio de estudos de casos múltiplos foi aplicado o modelo desenvolvido denominado Sustainability Assessment for Higher Technological Education (SAHTE). O modelo permite comparar o desempenho de sustentabilidade de operações de serviço entre instituições individuais, usando uma metodologia comum. Apresenta cinco áreas a serem avaliadas nas IES, sendo: Governança e Políticas, Pessoas, Alimentos, Água e Energia e Resíduos e Meio Ambiente, tendo um total de 134 quesitos. Descobertas: Verifica-se a importância do apoio da alta direção das instituições em formular e desenvolver políticas sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, quando evidenciado a ausência de políticas sobre sustentabilidade nas operações de serviço, as iniciativas tendem a ser isoladas. Nos estudos de caso constata-se uma preocupação inicial com relação a resíduos químicos e coleta seletiva; a participação de alunos e professores em estudos sobre as operações diárias dos campus pode ser ampliada e mais difundida. Limitações da pesquisa / implicações: O modelo busca avaliar práticas sustentáveis nas operações de serviço da rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica brasileira, estudos correlatos a avaliação sobre ensino de sustentabilidade é ausente e sobre a aplicabilidade do modelo em instituições privadas e em outros países se fazem necessários. O modelo foi aplicado em duas Instituições, sendo que em uma avaliou-se dois campus, proposições sobre populações não podem ser generalizadas Implicações práticas: Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação do modelo SAHTE são úteis para a elaboração e desenvolvimento de políticas sobre desenvolvimento sustentável, principalmente nas operações de serviço das IES pesquisadas. Os resultados podem sensibilizar os funcionários e estudantes que podem refletir sobre seus papéis nas IES, bem como a comunidade e fornecedores. Originalidade/valor: O presente estudo busca apresentar uma ferramenta desenvolvida para avaliar questões sobre sustentabilidade nas operações de serviço em instituições de ensino superior da rede federal de ensino tecnológico brasileiro.
Innovation Typologies: A Descriptive Study in Graduated Organizations of Technology-Based Incubators
Authors: Vepo do Nascimento Welter Clarice , Sausen Jorge Oneide , Cappellari Gabriela
Published: May 2020

Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi classificar as inovações desenvolvidas em organizações graduadas de incubadoras de base tecnológica, descrevendo as evidências de sua existência, a partir do modelo de Wang e Hamed (2007).Metodologia/Abordagem: Pesquisa aplicada, de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza exploratória, realizada mediante estudos de casos múltiplos, considerando uma amostra de 21 empresas localizadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de entrevistas estruturadas, realizadas com os empreendedores dessas pequenas empresas. Tais dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo.Originalidade/Relevância: Original com relação ao modelo de tipologias de inovação utilizado, pois trata-se de um modelo que não tem validação empírica no segmento de empresas estudado, confirmando a originalidade da pesquisa com relação ao segmento. Entender o processo de desenvolvimento de capacidade inovativa é relevante, pois o desenvolvimento de inovações constitui-se em uma poderosa fonte de vantagem competitiva para organizações inseridas em contextos dinâmicos.Principais resultados: Os principais resultados permitiram identificar que as organizações investigadas apresentam todas as tipologias apresentadas no modelo de Wang e Ahmed (2004), no entanto, a inovação de mercado e estratégica aparecem em menor grau em relação a inovação de produto, processo e comportamental.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Contribui com o debate teórico ao trazer as capacidades dinâmicas sob o enfoque da capacidade inovativa. Contribui, também, no sentido de expor como as empresas egressas de IBT            s desenvolvem sua capacidade inovativa, classificando as inovações desenvolvidas e apontando as evidencias da existência das tipologias de inovação.
Adoption of Innovation in Small-Scale Forestry: The Case of Portable-Sawmill-Based Microenterprises
Authors: Lupo Crystal V
Published: May 2020

Microenterprise development can be a valuable societal component not only in terms of filling important niche markets, but also by enhancing a society's wellbeing through creating opportunities available to people who are marginalized by the labor force for one reason or another. Forest microenterprises, in particular, can enhance rural community development efforts, as well as forest conservation goals, by empowering local people to successfully manage their resources as well as offer the possibility of income enhancement (Salafsky, Cordes, Leighton, Henderson, Watt, & Cherry, 1997; Lupo, 2012). This paper explores the adoption of portable-sawmill-based forest microenterprises. Key findings include common factors motivating portable sawmill adoption, as well as a bimodal adoption pattern, supporting previously postulated arguments regarding the importance of creating multiple adoption theories.
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: Measuring What Matters
Authors: Musikanski Laura , Polley Carl
Published: May 2020

This essay focuses on ways in which the governments of Bhutan and the United Kingdom are measuring subjective well-being as well as on how other governments including Norway, Spain, China, Canada, and New Zealand, are exploring the development of subjective well-being indicators. It concludes with recommended actions to aid in the formation of a consistent and comparable subjective well-being indicator for use by governments globally. The third in a series for which the purpose is to provide information to grassroots activists to foster the happiness movement for a new economic paradigm, this essay builds on the previous essays, Happiness in Public Policy and Measuring Happiness to Guide Public Policy: A Survey of Instruments and Policy Initiatives.
Book Review: Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage in Human Consciousness by Frederic Laloux
Authors: Banner David K.
Published: May 2020

Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness is a terrific book for anyone interesting in learning about democratizing and debureaucratizing organizations while increasing profits and employee satisfaction, engagement, and well-being. Though this sounds unrealistic and perhaps a bit Utopian, author Frederic Laloux’s thorough research and in-depth reportage of various exemplar organizations around the world, demonstrate that it can be done—but not by anybody. Like any evolutionary system, the forefront of enlightened organizational change begins with a few who become the models and create the systems and conditions for others to follow—when they are ready. This fascinating resource will inspire everyone who wants to learn about the successful transformation of what were once stultifying, disempowering, red-tape-riven workplaces that crush the human spirit. In Reinventing Organizations, we finally see there is a way out—toward building truly remarkable achievement oriented organizations that help the human spirit thrive.
Informal Partnerships Between Nonprofits and Local Governments and the Role of Trust
Authors: Pozil Scott , Hacker Anne
Published: May 2020

Informal partnerships between nonprofit organizations (NPOs) and local governments represent a winning combination for affective positive social change in communities. These partnerships thrive on the development and sustainment of trust as a guiding force between NPO executives and their local government counterparts. Qualitative case study research reveals such an assertion to be true, based on interviews and document reviews of informal partnerships in a metropolitan area in the Northwest United States. The implications for social change include establishing successful models of informal partnerships between NPOs and local governments that impact the social and economic well-being of communities.
Entrepreneurial Motivations and Characteristics of Niger Delta Youths: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Aligba Anthony O. , Fusch Gene E.
Published: May 2020

This article explored the lived experiences and perceptions of youths in the Niger Delta regarding the factors that influence the decision to become an entrepreneur. Drawing from the theories of motivation and planned behavior, the conceptual framework of this phenomenological study underscored the synergetic relationship between entrepreneurial motivations and characteristics. Using semistructured interviews to collect primary data, 20 youth small and medium enterprise owners shared their perceptions and lived experiences regarding their perceived entrepreneurial motivations and characteristics. The analysis and coding of data helped to identify emergent themes based on the modified van Kaam seven-step approach. The research findings revealed 19 dominant themes, including unemployment, the desire for control and freedom, financial independence, the willingness to take risks, determination, self-motivation, and persistence. This study may contribute to social change as more Niger Delta youths might become better enlightened to make a well-informed decision about becoming an entrepreneur, which might potentially address the unemployment challenge in the region and enhance socioeconomic development.
Classical Music as an Instrument to Foster Leadership Skills for Social Change: The Case of Venezuela’s El Sistema
Authors: Aponte Moreno Marco , Lattig Lance
Published: May 2020

El Sistema, the Venezuelan system of youth orchestras, is a program aimed at teaching and performing classical music through the development of a free network of symphony orchestras and choruses nationwide. Since its creation in 1975 by its founder José Antonio Abreu, El Sistema has given thousands of Venezuelan children, who often come from unprivileged socioeconomic backgrounds, the opportunity to receive free classical music education while promoting their personal, intellectual, spiritual, social, and professional development. The purpose of this article is to analyze El Sistema’s potential to foster leadership skills for social change. After providing an overview of the program, we will apply Astin & Astin’s social change model of leadership development to shed light on El Sistema’s capacity to foster leadership skills for social change among its young musicians.
The Relationship Between Social Change Involvement and Education
Authors: Brown Michelle S , Baltes Beate
Published: May 2020

Positive social change is part of Walden University’s mission. As such, the institution sponsored the Social Change Impact Report, which includes data from three online surveys that investigated participants’ experiences with social change because factors related to involvement in social action to improve the lives of individuals and communities are not fully known. Data were collected from the Social Change Impact Report to examine the relationship between the level of education an individual has achieved and how they rate the importance of and the involvement in positive social change activities. Results of chi square and analysis of variance indicated significant relationships between variables and an apparent upward trend in perceptions of and self-reported involvement in social change activities as level of education increases.
“Tell Me When ‘Normal’ Stops”: How Parents Recognized Their Child’s Mental Illness
Authors: Salgado Lori
Published: May 2020

Many parents do not recognize psychological disorder, and current mental health service delivery programs are not sufficiently responsive to the early help-seeking dynamics of families. This mixed-methods study explored Colorado parents’ experiences of recognizing their child’s mental illness as a precursor to seeking treatment, revealing that the phenomenon of parental recognition was a process of “waiting to hear that ‘normal’ had stopped,” wherein parents miscategorized symptoms as typical behaviors in a passing developmental phase. Prior experience with mental illness appeared to significantly decrease both the length of time and the level of distress necessary for recognition. Ultimately, recognition did not occur until someone in the parents’ social network explicitly validated their concerns, which galvanized them to seek treatment. The results of this study can have wide applications for positive social change, because many chronic mental disorders manifest in childhood and benefit from early and sustained treatment. Further, mental health underscores many societal issues such as homelessness, school dropout rates, child abuse and neglect, foster care, and prison overpopulation. Positive social change and parental recognition can be promoted through public policies and programs such as universal mental health screening, mental health literacy, and school and health policies that are more supportive and responsive to the early help-seeking needs of children and families
Obesity and Learned Eating Behavior: A Review of First Bite: How We Learn to Eat
Authors: Eke Winnie
Published: May 2020

Bee Wilson's book, First Bite: How we learn to eat is reviewed.
Opportunity and Sex Offending by International Peacekeepers in the Central African Republic
Authors: Gassama Musa Yerro
Published: May 2020

Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some international peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. This article explored the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international peacekeepers’ engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, peacekeepers, and U.N. policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians and shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers.
Disease Diagnosis and Management: The Experiences of Hemorrhoid Herbal Vendors and Customers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Azeez Abolaji , Isiugo-Abanihe Uche
Published: May 2020

Hemorrhoids (or piles) are an anorectal condition that affects many individuals who do not necessarily seek medical support. Many who suffer from this condition resort to home treatment, especially cultural diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, an herbal remedy, popularly known as jedijedi drinks, has gained high patronage but with contested effectiveness. Thus, this study explored the diagnosis and use of hemorrhoid herbal remedy. Using a mixed-methods research design, information was elicited from those who used or sold the remedy at the three points of sales: 107 consumer respondents were surveyed and three herbal vendors were interviewed in Ibadan, Oyo Town, and Ogbomoso in Oyo State, Nigeria. The selection of the three herbal vendors was based on their popularity and patronage. Data interpretation included the use of chi-square and qualitative content analysis. Results revealed a high prevalence (71%) of hemorrhoids among respondents who used jedijedi drinks for curative purposes; 90.7% of respondents claimed to know the risk factors for developing hemorrhoids. Specifically, respondents mentioned sugary and starchy substances (77.8%), sitting for long periods of time (6.1%), and stress (8.1%) as perceived causes of hemorrhoids, and 9.2% asserted that the cause was preternatural. Respondents reported irregular menstrual cycle, an inability to sit or stand for long and erectile dysfunction as symptoms of hemorrhoids. The experience of erectile dysfunction was significantly related (c2 = 6.906) to respondents’ marital status. Herbal vendors reported that the common diagnosis method was vendor–customer oral dialogue that determined the type of herbal remedy prescribed. Findings support the recommendation for public sensitization through mass media to reduce misconceptions about hemorrhoids that affect its management.
Assessment of Self-Reported Mental Health and Acculturation Stress Among Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Latinos in Immokalee, Florida: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kahar Payal , Negroni Lirio K
Published: May 2020

The population of Immokalee in Southwest Florida is 75% Latinos, with nearly half being foreign-born. Several documented stressors contribute to poor mental health among Latinos. However, little is known about Latinos’ mental health in this region. This study sought to assess self-rated mental health (SRMH) and acculturation stress (AS) and predict SRMH based on stress from life events, AS, sociodemographic characteristics, and social support among U.S.-born and foreign-born Latinos. Face-to-face interviews and assisted self-administered surveys were used to collect information among 158 Latinos on sociodemographic characteristics, AS, major life events that caused stress, social support, and SRMH. AS was elicited by asking three questions (Cronbach’s a = .84), total stress level was determined by 10 major life events, and social support was elicited by 14 questions (Cronbach’s a = .76). Results indicated that foreign-born Latinos 36–75 years old, with minimal social support, U.S.-born Latinos with lower educational levels, minimal social support, and high-moderate stress levels reported statistically significant low SRMH. AS was significantly higher among foreign-born 36- to 75-year-olds, with lower educational levels, minimal social support, who preferred the Spanish language and lived ≤15 years in the United States. Linear regression analysis showed social support, educational levels, and life stressors to be significant predictors of SRMH among U.S.-born Latinos, whereas social support was a significant predictor in foreign-born Latinos.
The Adaptation Needs of International Social Work Students: A Proposed Mentoring Approach
Authors: Song Hyun-a , Petracchi Helen E
Published: May 2020

Given the increasing numbers of international social work students in the United States, it is incumbent upon social work faculty to understand their needs for appropriate support as they adjust to life as foreign-born students. This paper has two main goals. First, we discuss contributions and challenges faced by international social work students. Second, as a form of support, we propose a mentoring approach pairing retired social work professionals with international social work students and argue that this may provide a mutually beneficial experience for both. That is, this study identifies adaptation needs specific to international social work students, describes the proposed paired-mentoring approach, and discusses implications of this approach.
Lived Experiences of Women Facing Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Bhandari Shreya , Hughes Jennifer C
Published: May 2020

This article describes the lived experiences of domestic violence victims among a convenience sample of 21 low-income Indian women. The experiences of abuse are drawn from in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted in Mumbai, India. The qualitative analysis describes four major categories of their lived experiences: (a) types of abuse, (b) family involvement in abuse, (c) treatment of children, and (d) abandonment. Domestic violence in Indian culture includes violence from the husband as well as the in-laws. Women are expected to endure violence for fear of bringing shame to their families. Social and financial support for abused woman is lacking.
#SocialWorkAdvocacy
Authors: Bullock Angela N. , Colvin Alex D.
Published: May 2020

What separates social work from other fields of human services is the underlying need to work toward equality and social justice for every population. This is often accomplished by working on behalf of those who are oppressed, marginalized, or disenfranchised. For that reason, it can be argued that advocacy is at the foundation of social work practice (Belluomini, 2014). The growth of social media and availability of low-cost and user-friendly innovations have changed the way people engage in advocacy. Social media has become an emerging tool for electronic advocacy. In the 21st century, social workers have engaged in electronic advocacy using new tools to address ongoing client issues and policy outcomes. There is a need for social work to heed the call to explore new forms of innovation to engage in advocacy. This article explores the practical usage of technological innovations as tools for engagement in electronic social work advocacy.
Pancreatico-pleural fistula manifested by pain of the epigastrium
Authors: Bąk Michał , Murawa Dawid
Published: May 2020

We are reporting a case of a pancreaticopleural fistula causing pain of the epigastrium. Chest radiograph revealed liquid in the pleural cavity that was reaching VII rib. Puncture of the pleural cavity has provided 1600 ml of brown liquid with an elevated level of diastase(s?). Ultimately, a definitive diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography. Due to the failure of conservative and endoscopic methods, the decision to perform surgery was made. It resulted in total pancreatectomy.
Rubiscolins: Biologically active peptides of plant origin
Authors: Sobolczyk Marta , Perlikowska Renata
Published: May 2020

Two food-derived opioid peptides with high δ-opioid receptor affinity and selectivity, rubiscolin-5 and rubiscolin-6, were isolated from spinach leaves in 2001. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [EC 4.1.1.39 (RuBisCO)], digested by pepsin, is known as a precursor for them. The most important advantage of rubiscolins is their oral bioavailability. Both peptides produced analgesia not only after intracerebroventricular administration, but also orally. Moreover, rubiscolin-6 enhanced memory consolidation, influenced the processes of learning and memory, and reduced anxiety. In an animal model of acute stress, rubiscolin-6 induced an antidepressive-like effect. Moreover, this peptide regulated food intake, stimulated appetite in mice fed a balanced diet and suppressed food intake in case of high-fat diet. This review summarizes various biological activities of rubiscolins and recent developments on the structure-activity relationship of rubiscolin analogs, aimed at improving their pharmacological properties. Naturally occurring opioids, such as rubiscolins, can serve as the basis of new therapeutics or functional foods.
Avantgarde utan auktoritet – miljöaktivism i en lågstadieklass
Authors: Häggström Margaretha
Published: May 2020

Denna artikel undersöker elevers handlingar efter möten med så kallade desorienterande dilemman i undervisning som förlagts till skogsmiljö. Artikeln bygger på en studie genomförd i den svenska grundskolans årskurs 2, där en lärarstudent, tillsammans med sin handledare, planerat och genomfört en Storyline, med syfte att låta eleverna skapa relationer till träd och därigenom att motverka växtblindhet. Det empiriska underlaget består av fältanteckningar från deltagande observation och transkriptioner från video¬inspelningar och från en intervju med lärarstudenten. Materialet analyseras genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys mot bakgrund av affektivt och transformativt lärande. Resultatet visar att när eleverna i studien gavs frihet att utforska skogsmiljön på egen hand, öppnades möjligheter till estetiska erfarenheter och till möten med desorien¬terande dilemman. Affektivt och transformativt lärande kan vara en pedagogisk ut¬gångspunkt som kan leda till elevens förändrade självbild och förändrat sätt att betrakta världen.

Nyckelord: estetiska naturmöten, affektivt lärande, transformativt lärande, miljöperspektiv, desorienterande dilemman

 

Avant-garde without authority – environmentalism in a lower primary class

AbstractThis article examines students’ actions after encountering disorienting dilemmas within outdoor education in the forest. The article is based on a study conducted in a Swedish primary school, in second grade (8 years), where a student teacher, together with a supervisor, has planned and conducted a Storyline with the aim of creating relationships with trees in order to counteract plant blindness. The empirical data consists of field notes from participant observation and transcripts from video recordings and one interview with the student teacher. Qualitative content analysis is used with focus on affective and transformative learning. The result shows that when students had the opportunity to explore the forest on their own, possibilities of aesthetic experiences and encounters with disorienting dilemmas were given. Hence, affective and transformative learning may be a vital pedagogical departure, which can lead to students’ changing self-image and ways to view the world.

Keywords: aesthetic meetings with nature, affective learning theory, transformative learning, environmental perspective, disorienting dilemmas
A computer-based framework to analyze continuous and discontinuous textural works using psychoacoustics audio descriptors
Authors: Antunes Micael , Rossetti Danilo , Manzolli Jonatas
Published: May 2020

This paper discusses a computer-aided musical analysis methodology anchored on psychoacoustics audio descriptors. The musicological aim is to analyze compositions centered on timbre manipulations that explore sound masses and granular synthesis as their builders. Our approach utilizes two psychoacoustics models: 1) Critical Bandwidths and 2) Loudness, and two spectral features extractors: 1) Centroid and 2) Spectral Spread. A review of the literature, contextualizing the state-of-art of audio descriptors, is followed by a definition of the musicological context guiding our analysis and discussions. Further, we present results on a comparative analysis of two acousmatic pieces: Schall (1995) of Horacio Vaggione and Asperezas (2018) of Micael Antunes. As electroacoustic works, there are no scores, therefore, segmentation and the subsequent musical analysis is an important issue to be solved. Consequently, the article ends discussing the methodological implication of the computational musicology addressed here.
A technical approach of the audience participation in the performance 'O Chaos das 5'
Authors: Araújo João , De Paulo Avner , Silva Junior Igino , Schiavoni Flávio Luiz , Canito Mauro César Fachina , Costa Rômulo Augusto
Published: May 2020

Since HTML 5 and web audio were released, we have seen several initiatives to construct web based instruments and musical applications based on this technology. Web based instruments involved composers, musicians and the audience in musical performances based in the fact that a web instrument embedded in a web page can be accessed by everyone. Nonetheless, despite the fact that these applications are accessible by the network, it is not easy to use the network and these technologies to synchronize the participants of a musical performance and control the level of interaction in a collaborative musical creation scenario. Based on a multimedia performance created in our research group, O Chaos das 5, we present in this paper some scenarios of interaction and control between musicians and the audience that can be reached using a server side programming infrastructure along with the HTML5. In this performance, the audience took part of the musical soundscape using a cellphone to access a set of digital instruments. These scenarios and the proposed solutions brought up a set of possibilities to balance control and interaction of audience participation into live performance using web instruments.