bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scaling analysis for the frequency of Ostwaldian and Newtonian bead-on-fibre flows
Authors: Gabbard Chase T. , Rhoads James T. , Delhaye Jean-Marc , Bostwick Joshua B.
Published: December 2024

Liquid flowing down a fibre readily destabilises into a train of beads, commonly called a bead-on-fibre pattern. Bead formation results from capillary-driven instability and gives rise to patterns with constant velocity and time-invariant bead frequency

$f$

whenever the instability is absolute. In this study, we develop a scaling law for

$f$

that relates the Strouhal number

$St$

and capillary number

$Ca$

for Ostwaldian power-law liquids with Newtonian liquids recovered as a limiting case. We validate our proposed scaling law by comparing it with prior experimental data and new experimental data using xanthan gum solutions to produce a low capillary number

$Ca \leq 10^{-2}$

regime. The experimental data encompasses both Ostwaldian and Newtonian flow, as well as symmetric and asymmetric patterns, and we find the data collapses along the predicted trend across seven orders of magnitude in

$Ca$

. Our proposed scaling law is a powerful tool for studying and applying bead-on-fibre flows where

$f$

is critical, such as heat and mass transfer systems.
Modelling DSA, FAST, and CRAFT surveys in a z-DM analysis and constraining a minimum FRB energy
Authors: Luke Hoffmann Jordan , James Clancy , Glowacki Marcin , Prochaska Xavier , Gordon Alexa , Deller Adam , Shannon Ryan M. , Ryder Stuart
Published: December 2024

Fast radio burst (FRB) science primarily revolves around two facets: the origin of these bursts and their use in cosmological studies. This work follows from previous redshift–dispersion measure (z–DM) analyses in which we model instrumental biases and simultaneously fit population parameters and cosmological parameters to the observed population of FRBs. This sheds light on both the progenitors of FRBs and cosmological questions. Previously, we have completed similar analyses with data from the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and the Murriyang (Parkes) Multibeam system. In this manuscript, we use 119 FRBs with 29 associated redshifts by additionally modelling the Deep Synoptic Array (DSA) and the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We also invoke a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler and implement uncertainty in the Galactic DM contributions. The latter leads to larger uncertainties in derived model parameters than previous estimates despite the additional data and indicate that precise measurements of DM

$_\textrm{ISM}$

will be important in the future. We provide refined constraints on FRB population parameters and derive a new constraint on the minimum FRB energy of log

$E_{\mathrm{min}}$

(erg)=39.47

$^{+0.54}_{-1.28}$

which is significantly higher than bursts detected from strong repeaters. This result likely indicates a low-energy turnover in the luminosity function or may alternatively suggest that strong repeaters have a different luminosity function to single bursts. We also predict that FAST will detect 25–41% of their FRBs at

$z \gtrsim 2$

and DSA will detect 2–12% of their FRBs at

$z \gtrsim 1$

.
Population synthesis of hot-subdwarf B stars with COMPAS: Parameter variations and a prescription for hydrogen-rich shells
Authors: Rodríguez-Segovia Nicolás , Ruiter Ashley J. , Seitenzahl Ivo R.
Published: December 2024

Subdwarf B stars are a well-known class of hot, low-mass stars thought to be formed through interactions in stellar binary systems. While different formation channels for subdwarf B stars have been studied through a binary population synthesis approach, it has also become evident that the characteristics of the found populations depend on the initial set of assumptions that describe the sometimes poorly constrained physical processes, such as common envelope episodes or angular momentum loss during mass transfer events. In this work we present a parameter study of subdwarf B populations, including a novel analytic prescription that approximates the evolution of subdwarf B stars with hydrogen-rich outer shells, an element previously overlooked in rapid binary population synthesis. We find that all studied parameters strongly impact the properties of the population, with the possibility of igniting helium below the expected core-mass value near the tip of the red giant branch strongly affecting the total number of subdwarf B candidates. Critically, our newly proposed prescription for the evolution of subdwarf B stars with hydrogen-shells helps to reconcile theoretical predictions of surface gravity and effective temperature with observational results. Our prescription is useful in the context of rapid binary population synthesis studies and can be applied to other rapid binary population synthesis codes’ output.
Calcium-binding site in AA10 LPMO from Vibrio cholerae suggests modulating effects during environmental survival and infection
Authors: Montserrat-Canals Mateu , Bjerregaard-Andersen Kaare , Sørensen Henrik Vinther , Kommedal Eirik , Cordara Gabriele , Vaaje-Kolstad Gustav , Krengel Ute
Published: December 2024

Despite major efforts toward its eradication, cholera remains a major health threat and economic burden in many low- and middle-income countries. Between outbreaks, the bacterium responsible for the disease, Vibrio cholerae, survives in aquatic environmental reservoirs, where it commonly forms biofilms, for example, on zooplankton. N-acetyl glucosamine-binding protein A (GbpA) is an adhesin that binds to the chitinaceous surface of zooplankton and breaks its dense crystalline packing thanks to its lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) activity, which provides V. cholerae with nutrients. In addition, GbpA is an important colonization factor associated with bacterial pathogenicity, allowing the binding to mucins in the host intestine. Here, we report the discovery of a cation-binding site in proximity of the GbpA active site, which allows Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+ binding close to its carbohydrate-binding surface. In addition to the X-ray crystal structures of cation-LPMO complexes (to 1.5 Å resolution), we explored how the presence of ions affects the stability and activity of the protein. Calcium and magnesium ions were found to bind to GbpA specifically, with calcium ions – abundant in natural sources of chitin – having the strongest effect on protein stability. When the cation-binding site was rendered non-functional, a decrease in activity was observed, highlighting the importance of the structural elements stabilized by calcium. Our findings suggest a cation-binding site specific to GbpA and related LPMOs that may fine-tune binding and activity for its substrates during environmental survival and host infection.
Evaluation of the Test Phase of the “Program GIFT in Residence”: Results from a Pilot Participatory Action Research
Authors: Falardeau Marie-Chantal , Beaulieu Marie , Carbonneau Hélène , Levasseur Mélanie
Published: December 2024

Despite the negative effects on older adults, resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) remains a complex and understudied problem. Few interventions exist that address this issue by promoting goodwill. Using the intervention mapping approach, the evaluation of the test phase of the pilot Program GIFT in private seniors’ residences (PSRs) (Quebec, Canada) was conducted through qualitative interviews with 25 residents, 21 staff members, and 4 managers. The results indicate that the program achieved its objectives of promoting goodwill, although the strategies to manage RRA and intervention tools were more difficult to integrate into the PSRs’ culture. Obstacles and facilitators were reported. Recommendations were identified to enhance the program’s content, promote it more effectively, and ensure long-term sustainability. This research is the first endeavour to develop, test, and evaluate the test phase of a pilot program co-created with residents, staff members and managers of PSRs, aiming simultaneously at promoting goodwill and countering RRA.
Support for the efficient coding account of visual discomfort
Authors: O’Hare Louise , Hibbard Paul B.
Published: December 2024

Sparse coding theories suggest that the visual brain is optimized to encode natural visual stimuli to minimize metabolic cost. It is thought that images that do not have the same statistical properties as natural images are unable to be coded efficiently and result in visual discomfort. Conversely, artworks are thought to be even more efficiently processed compared to natural images and so are esthetically pleasing. This project investigated visual discomfort in uncomfortable images, natural scenes, and artworks using a combination of low-level image statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, and EEG measures. Results showed that the model response predicted discomfort judgments. Moreover, low-level image statistics including edge predictability predict discomfort judgments, whereas contrast information predicts the steady-state visually evoked potential responses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that discomfort judgments for a wide set of images can be influenced by contrast and edge information, and can be predicted by our models of low-level vision, whilst neural responses are more defined by contrast-based metrics, when contrast is allowed to vary.
Adults with CHD and their quality of life: a single centre experience from Austria
Authors: Brunner Silvana M. , Oberhuber Raphael D. , Heiligenbrunner Nathalie , Steinwendner Clemens , Wichert-Schmitt Barbara
Published: December 2024

Background:

The population of adult CHD patients is continuously increasing. The underlying CHD affects performance and prognosis, but also has a significant impact on quality of life, psychosocial behaviour, anxiety and emotional disturbances. This study analyzes these parameters of patients after one or more heart operations and the possible psychological effects of medical and psychosocial complications at the Department of Cardiology of the Kepler University Hospital Linz.

Methods and Results

A total of 81 subjects participated in the questionnaire survey of the Institute of Cardiology and Clinical Psychology during their annual cardiological check-up. Of these, 80 participants were included in the study and three showed a mild CHD, 49 a moderate one, and 28 a severe one. This study has an exploratory design to assess possible stress factors and limitations in quality of life. For this purpose, a self-administered sociodemographic questionnaire and three standardised questionnaires were used. In summary, the quality of life of adult CHD is considered depending on the severity of the symptoms and compared with the healthy population. Differences in this regard are observed in individuals with lower symptom severity, who report higher psychological well-being. Sex differences are observed in physical role function and physical functioning.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, regular repetitions of the study, as well as continuous psychological and psychosocial support, are necessary, since challenges are predictable with the increasing age of adult CHD patients and since the upholding of good quality of life and dealing with difficult life circumstances must be supported.
Longitudinal interplay between subjective stress, anxiety, depression, and well-being in internet-based stress recovery intervention for nurses
Authors: Truskauskaite Inga , Dumarkaite Austeja , Nomeikaite Auguste , Andersson Gerhard , Kazlauskas Evaldas
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions are effective in reducing subjective stress. Nevertheless, the longitudinal links between mental health indicators are rarely studied in intervention research. Therefore, it is unknown how the intervention effects are sustained.

Aim:

The current study investigated mechanisms explaining sustained intervention effects in a sample of medical nurses who receive a CBT-based internet-delivered stress recovery program.

Method:

A single-group longitudinal study design with three measurement points, pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up, was used in the current study. The sample consisted of nurses and assistant nurses from Lithuania (n=111, age: M (SD) = 41.69 years (10.85)) who had participated in a 6-week CBT internet intervention targeting stress recovery. Data were collected as the randomised control trial, the treatment samples were combined, and the data were analysed using cross-lagged panel analysis with four variables representing the psychological well-being and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Results:

The results revealed that decreased anxiety and increased psychological well-being at post-test predicted reduced stress levels at the 3-month follow-up. In addition, decreased anxiety at post-test predicted decreased depression at follow-up.

Conclusions:

Decreased anxiety and increased well-being could explain the sustainability of reduced stress following a CBT-based internet intervention for nurses. The implications of this for research and practice are discussed.
Citizens’ Preferences for Multidimensional Representation
Authors: Blumenau Jack , Wolkenstein Fabio , Wratil Christopher
Published: December 2024

How do citizens want to be represented in politics? We investigate citizens’ multidimensional preferences regarding six conceptions of representation that are derived from political theory. Using original item batteries and a conjoint experiment, we elicit the relative importance of the dimensions and the types of representation people prefer on each dimension. Our results from surveys fielded in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany show that 1) descriptive representation has comparatively limited appeal for citizens at large, but is more important for historically marginalized groups; 2) citizens do not focus on local politicians when thinking about who represents them, but also seek representation from politicians in other districts; 3) while citizens strongly value substantive representation, they are largely indifferent as to whether their representatives are responsive to electoral sanctions. Our findings have important implications for how political scientists study democratic representation.
The cycle of monasticism: understanding the nature of medieval economic and political innovation
Authors: Møller Jørgen
Published: December 2024

This research note develops a new theory about innovation in medieval monastic orders that, first, allows us to better understand medieval society and the nature of its dynamism, and second, can be applied to other areas of research on medieval Europe. Medieval monasteries were set in a society that—despite its famous dynamism—was deeply backward-looking. But monastic life generated antinomies that came from the tension between the degeneration into well-living and the ideal of the asceticism of the first Christians. These tensions sparked repeated attempts to reform monastic life, which were understood by reformers not as innovations but rather as efforts to restore the good old ways. This invention of tradition had economic and political repercussions, first in the monasteries themselves and then in surrounding lay society. To understand these processes, we must avoid reading history backward from a modern context that looks entirely different.
Subseasonal Prediction of Heat‐Related Mortality in Switzerland
Authors: Pyrina Maria , Vicedo‐Cabrera Ana M. , Büeler Dominik , Sivaraj Sidharth , Spirig Christoph , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: December 2024

Heatwaves pose a range of severe impacts on human health, including an increase in premature mortality. The summers of 2018 and 2022 are two examples with record‐breaking temperatures leading to thousands of heat‐related excess deaths in Europe. Some of the extreme temperatures experienced during these summers were predictable several weeks in advance by subseasonal forecasts. Subseasonal forecasts provide weather predictions from 2 weeks to 2 months ahead, offering advance planning capabilities. Nevertheless, there is only limited assessment of the potential for heat‐health warning systems at a regional level on subseasonal timescales. Here we combine methods of climate epidemiology and subseasonal forecasts to retrospectively predict the 2018 and 2022 heat‐related mortality for the cantons of Zurich and Geneva in Switzerland. The temperature‐mortality association for these cantons is estimated using observed daily temperature and mortality during summers between 1990 and 2017. The temperature‐mortality association is subsequently combined with bias‐corrected subseasonal forecasts at a spatial resolution of 2‐km to predict the daily heat‐related mortality counts of 2018 and 2022. The mortality predictions are compared against the daily heat‐related mortality estimated based on observed temperature during these two summers. Heat‐related mortality peaks occurring for a few days can be accurately predicted up to 2 weeks ahead, while longer periods of heat‐related mortality lasting a few weeks can be anticipated 3 to even 4 weeks ahead. Our findings demonstrate that subseasonal forecasts are a valuable—but yet untapped—tool for potentially issuing warnings for the excess health burden observed during central European summers.
Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Ian in Relation to Anomalously Warm Subsurface Water on the Wide Continental Shelf
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Weisberg Robert H. , Sorinas Luis , Law Jason A. , Nickerson Alexander K.
Published: December 2024

Hurricane Ian rapidly intensified from Category 3 to 5 as it transited the wide West Florida Shelf (WFS). This is ascribed to heating by the anomalously warm shelf waters, despite the water depth being shallow when compared to the thicker, mixed layer areas of the deeper ocean. By examining temperature from long‐term moorings, we found that the sea surface and subsurface temperatures exceeded the climatologies by 1–2°C and 2–3°C, respectively. Additionally, these anomalously high temperatures in summer/fall of 2022 were related to the absence of Gulf of Mexico Loop Current interactions with the WFS slope at its “pressure point”. Without such offshore forcing to induce an upwelling circulation, the warmer waters on the shelf were not flushed and replaced by colder waters of deeper ocean origin. This work highlights the importance of subsurface temperature and ocean circulation monitoring on shallow continental shelves, which are largely overlooked in hurricane‐related ocean heat content observational programs.
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances With Huge Semicircular and Circular Structures Triggered by Two Rocket Launches Over China
Authors: Xie Haiyong , Li Guozhu , Ding Feng , Zhao Xiukuan , Hu Lianhuan , Sun Wenjie , Li Yu , Li Yi , Dai Guofeng , Liu Jianfei , Liu Libo , Ning Baiqi
Published: December 2024

Rocket‐launching can trigger traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) which often show V‐shaped structures. Using a dense Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content (TEC) receiver network, we investigated the ionospheric response to the waves triggered by the launches of Long March (LM) series of rockets, the LM‐2D on 30 March 2023 and LM‐6A on 10 September 2023. Results show that during the two launches, large ionospheric holes and TIDs with unusual semicircular and circular structures were observed. The ionospheric disturbances traveled for a distance of more than 1,500 km with amplitudes gradually decreased from about 0.1 to 0.03 TEC unit. The period and horizontal speed of disturbances were ∼7–8 min and around 700–800 m/s, respectively, which fell into the acoustic mode. We suggest that the TIDs were induced by shock acoustic waves (SAWs). The semicircular and circular structures could be attributed to the rocket flight tilt angle and the corresponding altitude of conic SAWs.
Late Cretaceous Ophiolite Emplacement and Cenozoic Collisional Tectonics in the Northeastern Arabian Plate: Insights From New Broadband Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Cherkose B. A. , Saibi H. , Al Bloushi K. , Ali M. Y. , Fowler A. , Smirnov M.
Published: December 2024

The Late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite onto the rifted passive Arabian margin and the Cenozoic collisional tectonics with the final closure of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean, are major contributors to the present‐day crustal architecture of the northern United Arab Emirates (UAE). We acquired the first 3D grid magnetotelluric observations from 73 stations in the northern UAE in order to image deep crustal electrical structures associated with the two significant compressional episodes. Inversion of the broadband magnetotelluric data reveals the subsurface geometry of the high‐resistivity ophiolite blocks, the underlying conductive thrust sheet (Haybi‐Hawasina nappe), a “wedge‐shaped” conductive foreland basin flanking the Hajar mountain ranges, and at depth, a high‐resistivity structure associated with a fold‐thrust belt adjacent to the allochthonous units, or Proterozoic crystalline basement. The ophiolite along the eastern coast (from cities Khor Fakkan to Fujairah) is more than 20 km thick and dips eastward. Across the Wadi Ham fault, the resistive ophiolite lies against less resistive materials that may represent Bani Hamid metamorphic rocks. The thin‐skinned thrust sheets of the proximal‐distal Tethyan sedimentary units (Haybi‐Hawasina complexes) exhibit low resistivity in the Dibba zone. In contrast to its gently east‐dipping geometry in the Dibba zone, the conductive Haybi‐Hawasina structure in the southern portion of the study area appears nearly vertically (>20 km) beneath the dense Khor Fakkan and Aswad ophiolite blocks. This result suggests extensive deformation of the thrust sheets beneath the southerly dense ophiolite blocks.
Earthquake Nucleation and Slip Behavior Altered by Stochastic Normal Stress Heterogeneity
Authors: Li Meng , Niemeijer Andre , van Dinther Ylona
Published: December 2024

In recent laboratory experiments, varying nucleation locations of accelerating slip with changing nucleation lengths were observed. Spatial variations in effective normal stress, due to the controlling influence on fault strength and fracture energy, play an important role. We quantitatively explain how spatially heterogeneous effective normal stresses affect earthquake nucleation and slip behavior. We simulate a meter‐scale laboratory experiment in a numerical earthquake sequence model with stochastically variable normal stresses. We identify five regimes of earthquake nucleation and slip behaviors, controlled by the ratio of the heterogeneity wavelength to the nucleation length . When , full ruptures are observed. Slip rates and recurrence intervals are similar to those on homogeneous faults with comparable averaged normal stress. When , slow slip events and partial ruptures occur frequently and the nucleation length of each earthquake depends on the local stress level. We find locations of nucleation and arrest in both low and high normal stress regions (LSR and HSR, respectively) when and are of the same magnitude. When , earthquakes nucleate in LSRs, and arrest in HSRs. However, HSRs and LSRs switch these roles when . Interestingly, we observe that nucleation migrates from an LSR to its neighboring HSR in one earthquake, when is between the minimum and maximum local nucleation lengths. We observe a large amount of aseismic slip and associated stress drop in the initial LSR, which might be linked to the migration of foreshocks as documented in natural and laboratory observations. This improved understanding of earthquake nucleation is important in estimating the seismic potential of different fault patches for natural and induced seismicity.
Simultaneous Observation of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over Indonesia Following the 15 January 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
Authors: Husin Asnawi , Dear Varuliantor , Faturahman Agri , Anggarani Sefria , Mardiani Annis Siradj , Purwono Adi , Harjosuwito Jiyo , Pradipta Rezy
Published: December 2024

We report our analysis of multi‐diagnostic ionospheric observations over Indonesia following the 15 January 2022 Tonga volcano eruption. Observation data from the Indonesian global navigation satellite system (GNSS) CORS network, ionosondes, and GNSS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitor receivers, in conjunction with the Himawari‐8 satellite imagery, were used in the analysis. The Lamb waves from the eruption, traveling at 310 m/s, reached eastern part of Indonesia (5,000 km from Tonga) approximately 4 hr after the eruption. The Lamb waves traversed the Indonesian region for 4 hr and 40 min, around sunset period. As a result, some unseasonal equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occurred over this longitude sector, with an interesting initial development pattern. There was a directional split in the zonal drift velocity of these EPBs, where some EPBs drifted eastward with a velocity of 138.0 6.9 m/s and others westward with a velocity of 39.6 2.0 m/s. At the same time, traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) from the Tonga eruption also propagated over the Indonesian region with a velocity of 434.6 21.7 m/s. In the total electron content (TEC) data, interactions between EPBs and TIDs were observed over the region. There were enhancements in the rate‐of‐TEC index (ROTI) and scintillation index, indicating the presence of ionospheric density irregularities. A turbulent ionospheric F‐layer, due to these EPBs and TIDs, caused either spread‐F echoes or a loss of F‐region traces in the ionograms. An intensification of sporadic‐E layer, lasting for a few hours, was also observed in the ionograms.
Coupling the thermal acoustic modes of a bubble to an optomechanical sensor
Authors: Scheuer K. G. , Romero F. B. , DeCorby R. G.
Published: December 2024

Optomechanical sensors provide a platform for probing acoustic/vibrational properties at the micro-scale. Here, we used cavity optomechanical sensors to interrogate the acoustic environment of adjacent air bubbles in water. We report experimental observations of the volume acoustic modes of these bubbles, including both the fundamental Minnaert breathing mode and a family of higher-order modes extending into the megahertz frequency range. Bubbles were placed on or near optomechanical sensors having a noise floor substantially determined by ambient medium fluctuations, and which are thus able to detect thermal motions of proximate objects. Bubble motions could be coupled to the sensor through both air (i.e., with the sensor inside the bubble) and water, verifying that sound is radiated by the high-order modes. We also present evidence for elastic-Purcell-effect modifications of the sensor’s vibrational spectrum when encapsulated by a bubble, in the form of cavity-modified linewidths and line shifts. Our results could increase the understanding of bubble acoustics relevant to a variety of fields such as lab-on-a-chip microfluidics and biosensing, and could also inform future efforts to optimize the properties of micro-mechanical oscillators.
Recent ice melt above a mantle plume track is accelerating the uplift of Southeast Greenland
Authors: Weerdesteijn Maaike F. M. , Conrad Clinton P.
Published: December 2024

Around the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet, satellite-based observations of ground uplift record Earth’s response to past and recent unloading of Greenland’s ice mass. On the southeast coast, near the Kangerlussuaq glacier, rapid uplift exceeding 12 mm/yr cannot be explained using current layered Earth deformation models. Here we find that 3D models with a weakened Earth structure, consistent with the passage of Greenland over the Iceland plume, can explain the rapid uplift of Southeast Greenland. This uplift is dominated by a viscous response that is accelerated by the low viscosities of the hot plume track. Recent mass loss, occurring during the last millennium and especially within the past few decades, drives most of the uplift. Holocene indicators recorded similarly rapid uplift following deglaciation that ended the last ice age. Such rapid uplift, occurring beneath marine terminating glaciers, can affect the future stability of entire ice catchment areas and will become increasingly important in the near future as deglaciation accelerates.
Determination of paclobutrazol using square wave voltammetry based on a molecularly imprinted polymer and boron-doped copper oxide/graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Meriç Çağdaş Salih , Deveci Haci Ahmet , Kaya Müge Mavioğlu , Deveci Ayla , Özdemir Neslihan , Boyacıoğlu Havva , Yola Mehmet Lütfi
Published: December 2024

A novel voltammetric sensor based on a boron-doped copper oxide/graphene (B-CuO-Gr) nanocomposite and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed.
Effect of strain on the electronic structure and polaronic conductivity of LiFePO4
Authors: Manisha  , Gupta Mukul , Reddy V. Raghavendra , Murugavel Sevi
Published: December 2024

The relative energy levels of the 3d orbitals for the LFP specimens (S1, S2 and S3) in the D4h symmetry of FeO6 octahedra. Schematic of the activation energy along the polaron migration path for specimens S1 and S3.
[CuSn5Sb3]24− as a dual spherical–spherical aromatic heterometallic cluster bridged via an antiaromatic Cu2Sn2 motif
Authors: Rodríguez-Kessler Peter L. , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: December 2024

Bridged heterometallic clusters enabled the formation of two spherical aromatic states, retaining similar properties to homometallic species.
Molecular design of electrolyte additives for high-voltage fast-charging lithium metal batteries
Authors: Ou Yu , Hou Wenhui , Zhu Da , Li Changjian , Zhou Pan , Song Xuan , Xia Yingchun , Lu Yang , Yan Shuaishuai , Zhou Hangyu , Cao Qingbin , Zhou Haiyu , Liu Hao , Ma Xiao , Liu Zhi , Xu Hong , Liu Kai
Published: December 2024

In our study, we introduce vinyl sulfonyl fluoride (VSF), a bifunctional electrolyte additive designed to stabilize both the SEI and CEI under extreme conditions.
A portable and reusable sensor system based on graphene for real-time and sensitive detection of lead ions in water
Authors: Ryu Byunghoon , Zhuang Wen , Jang Hyun-June , Gao Zhenwei , Wang Yuqin , Chen Junhong
Published: December 2024

A portable and wireless sensor system based on graphene for fast and sensitive detection of lead ions in water.
Red mud-based Fe/C nanostructured materials for multi-interface remediation of Cr(vi)-contaminated soil and stabilization
Authors: Cao Shiyu , Li Jiangshan , Nie Jing , Shi Yanbiao , Dong Jiaqi , Zhang Lizhi , Xue Qiang
Published: December 2024

nZVI/BC enhanced Cr(vi) stabilization in soil by regulating bidentate-binuclear inner-sphere coordination and reduction, while the released iron species promoted soil agglomeration.
Optimized synthesis of a high oleic sunflower oil derived polyamine and its lignin-based NIPUs
Authors: Destaso Francesca C. , Libretti Celeste , Le Coz Cédric , Grau Etienne , Cramail Henri , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: December 2024

Biobased non-isocyanate polyurethanes based on a vegetable oil derived polyamine, cyclic carbonate functionalized lignin and a sugar derived comonomer are described. Monomer syntheses were optimized and the resulting thermosets were characterized.
Comparable syntheses of terminal aluminum selenide and telluride
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Yuanyuan , Suthar Sonam , Zhang Manbo , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: December 2024

Monomeric aluminum selenide 1 and telluride 2 were synthesized and structurally characterized. Combined with theoretical calculation, the structural character and dimerization tendency were fully discussed.
Hearing Loss Health Literacy in Speech-Language Pathologists: Impact of Academic Training and On-the-Job Experience
Authors: Cooper Ellie , Fitton Lisa , Werfel Krystal
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore if academic training and/or on-the-job experience predicts general health literacy, hearing loss health literacy, and self confidence levels of speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method:

Participants included 423 SLPs with differing levels of academic training and on-the-job experience working with children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). General health literacy, hearing loss health literacy, and confidence levels treating children who are DHH were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics, Pearson's
r
correlations, and multiple linear regression models.

Results:

SLPs had high levels of general health literacy but marginal to low levels of hearing loss health literacy. Neither academic training nor on-the-job experience predicted general health literacy, but they were predictive of hearing loss terminology knowledge. Only on-the-job experience predicted in-depth hearing loss content knowledge. There was an interaction of training and experience for confidence of SLPs in treating children who are DHH. SLPs with greater years of experience exhibited lower confidence with an increasing amount of coursework, whereas SLPs with fewer years of experience displayed higher confidence with an increasing amount of coursework.

Conclusions:

Results indicated that the driving factor for development of in-depth hearing loss health literacy in SLPs is on-the-job experience. Methods of integrating experiential learning into academic training should be evaluated.
Remote Microphones Support Speech Recognition in Noise and Reverberation for Children With a Language Disorder
Authors: Gordon Katherine R. , Lewis Dawna , Lowry Stephanie , Smith Maggie , Stecker G. Christopher , McCreery Ryan W.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Children with typical hearing and various language and cognitive challenges can struggle with processing speech in background noise. Thus, children with a language disorder (LD) are at risk for difficulty with speech recognition in poorer acoustic environments.

Method:

The current study compared the effects of background speech-shaped noise (SSN) with and without reverberation on sentence recognition for children with LD (
n
= 9) and typical language development (TLD;
n
= 9). We also investigated whether the use of a remote microphone (RM) improved speech recognition for children with LD.

Results:

Children with LD demonstrated poorer sentence recognition than peers with TLD in SSN. Both groups had poorer sentence recognition with SSN + reverberation than SSN alone. Notably, using an RM improved speech recognition for children with LD in SSN and SSN + reverberation.

Conclusion:

We discuss educational implications and future research questions to identify how to optimally support speech recognition in noisy environments for children with LD.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28037984
Co‐teacher‐guided pseudo label supervision: A semi‐supervised learning framework for muscle and adipose tissue segmentation on chest CT scans
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Yanli , Chen Xiaoyan , Chen Tianle , Liu Qi
Published: December 2024

Automatic segmentation of muscle and adipose tissue in chest CT scans is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various diseases. However, this task is hindered by the limited availability of annotated data. This study proposes a novel semi‐supervised learning framework, co‐teacher‐guided pseudo‐label supervision (CTGP), to address this challenge. CTGP combines co‐training and the Mean‐Teacher strategy, where predictions generated by teacher models are filtered and utilized as high‐quality pseudo‐labels to train the other student models, thus facilitating co‐training. Additionally, a medical image‐specific augmentation method, MIAugment, is introduced to better adapt to the unique characteristics of medical data. Experiments on a real‐life clinical dataset demonstrate that CTGP achieves high segmentation accuracy with minimal labelled data. Using only 10% of labelled data, the framework achieves a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient of 90.03% for four tissue types, a decrease of just 2.85% compared to fully supervised learning. This approach provides a promising solution for automated muscle and adipose tissue segmentation with limited annotations.
There is no disk mass budget problem of planet formation
Authors: Savvidou Sofia , Bitsch Bertram
Published: December 2024

The inferred dust masses from Class II protoplanetary disk observations are lower than or equal to the masses of the observed exoplanet systems. This poses the question of how planets form if their natal environments do not contain enough mass. This hypothesis has entered the literature as the “mass budget problem” of planet formation. We utilized numerical simulations of planet formation via pebble and gas accretion, including migration, in a viscously evolving protoplanetary disk, while tracing the time evolution of the dust mass. As expected, we found that the presence of a giant planet in the disk can influence the evolution of the disk itself and prevent rapid dust mass loss by trapping the dust outside its orbit. Early formation is crucial for giant planet formation, as we found in our previous work; therefore, our findings strengthen the hypothesis that planet formation has already occurred or is ongoing in Class II disks. More importantly, we find that the optically thin dust mass significantly underestimates the total dust mass in the presence of a dust-trapping deep gap. We also show that the beam convolution smears out the feature from a deep gap, especially if the planet forms in the inner disk. Such hidden dust mass, along with early planet formation, could be the answer to the hypothetical mass budget problem.
Right Thoracoscopic, Robot-Assisted Resection of an Apical Mediastinal C7 Schwannoma
Authors: Oslin Spencer J. , Villeneuve Lance M. , Shi Helen H. , Muhammad Fauziyya Y. , Reinersman J Matthew , Smith Zachary A.
Published: December 2024

Spinal schwannomas are benign, slow-growing tumors originating from Schwann cells, constituting 25 to 30% of primary spinal neoplasms and most frequently arise from sensory nerve roots in the cervical or thoracic spine.1
2
3 Although generally nonaggressive, their growth can result in significant neurological deficits due to compression of surrounding structures such as the spinal cord or nerve roots.4
5 Patients commonly present with localized pain, muscle weakness, and sensory disturbances.5
6 Imaging techniques such as MRI or CT assist in identifying these tumors, and surgical resection is recommended when they cause progressive symptoms or neurological decline.7
8 Recent advances in surgical techniques have improved the precision of schwannoma resections, reducing intraoperative complications, facilitating patient recovery, and improving overall patient outcomes.9
Manifestaciones de tuberculosis en el miembro superior: Serie de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gutiérrez-Zúñiga Daniela , Amaya Andrés Felipe , Gómez-Eslava Bárbara , García Luis Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Objetivo Evaluar los desenlaces de tres casos de tuberculosis musculoesquelética en el miembro superior en pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedades autoinmunes que presentaban compromiso óseo, articular y sinovial en el miembro superior.

Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo tipo serie de casos.

Resultados Pacientes con signos clínicos de infección de curso insidioso, sin respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico de amplio espectro y con pobre respuesta a los desbridamientos quirúrgicos fueron diagnosticados por medio de herramientas como la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (polymerase chain reaction, PCR, en inglés) y recibieron diagnóstico confirmatorio por cultivo de micobacterias. Los signos clínicos de infección resolvieron con la terapia antibiótica tetraconjugada para tuberculosis; sin embargo, los pacientes con compromiso óseo presentaron secuelas de limitación para el movimiento por la destrucción articular.

Conclusión La tuberculosis osteomuscular en el miembro superior es infrecuente, y se debe sospechar ante la presencia de signos locales de infección en pacientes con cultivos negativos para gérmenes comunes que no respondan a tratamientos antibióticos y a desbridamientos locales repetidos, en particular en pacientes con inmunosupresión.

Nivel de evidencia: IV
Circumferential Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Barrett's Esophagus with Multifocal High-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Singla Vikas , Singh Pankaj , Acharya Kalpana , Aggarwal Komal , Soni Harish
Published: December 2024

A 54-year-old male presented with longstanding history of heartburn and regurgitation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy performed at the previous center were suggestive of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia (HGD). In view of dysplasia with underlying Barrett's esophagus, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was planned. Multifocal high-grade dysplasia with underlying Barrett's esophagus needs treatment to prevent invasive cancer. Surgery has been the conventional treatment but is associated with morbid complications and mortality. ESD has emerged as a treatment for HGD and superficial adenocarcinoma in Barrett's segment, but circumferential ESD is associated with risk of stricture formation. The present case highlights the role of image-enhanced endoscopy in identifying dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and minimally invasive endoscopic techniques as an alternative to conventional surgical techniques and prophylactic measures needed to prevent post-ESD complications.
¿La placa tercio de tubo como placa gancho es una alternativa de osteosíntesis en fracturas de tobillo? 20 años de experiencia
Authors: Barros Edgar Alejandro Prieto , Noboa Carlos Eduardo Freile , Peñaherrera Carlos Patricio Carrillo , Endara Francisco Urresta , Barros Alejandro Xavier Castro , Romero Myrian Andrea Barros , Barcia Christian Andrés Velásquez
Published: December 2024

Introducción El uso de la placa tercio de tubo como placa gancho para el tratamiento de fracturas de tobillo ha sido considerado una alternativa eficaz para la osteosíntesis en situaciones que involucran fragmentos óseos pequeños, fracturas multifragmentarias, o en pacientes con huesos de baja calidad. Esta técnica fue documentada por primera vez en 1948. La placa tercio de tubo se ha empleado exitosamente en fracturas de diversas localizaciones anatómicas. Hoy en día, esta placa está disponible en titanio y acero inoxidable con un grosor de 1,0 milímetros, siendo apropiada para zonas con escasa cobertura de tejido blando. Después de dos décadas de uso, este artículo presenta la placa tercio de tubo tipo placa gancho como una alternativa viable y efectiva para el tratamiento de fracturas de tobillo.

Material Y Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que incluyó a 83 pacientes a lo largo de 20 años. De estos, el 57,84% eran hombres y la edad varió entre 22 a 85 años. El 9,6% de las fracturas eran expuestas, distribuyéndose en 50% Grado II, 38% Grado IIIA, y 12% Grado IIIB. Todos los pacientes recibieron reducción abierta y osteosíntesis dentro de las primeras 24 horas.

Resultados La consolidación de las fracturas se observó en el 81,93% de los casos a las 12 semanas, en el 4,8% entre las 13 years 16 semanas, y en el 9,6% después de 16 semanas. Un 3,6% de los casos presentó retardo en la consolidación, con un proceso de consolidación entre 20 years 24 semanas. Las complicaciones se reportaron en un 3,61% de los casos. Además, un paciente desarrolló artrosis de tobillo, y solo el 2,49% requirió la extracción de implantes.

Conclusión Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la placa tercio de tubo tipo placa gancho es una opción efectiva y recomendable en la cirugía de fracturas de tobillo, con buenos resultados funcionales, altas tasas de consolidación y bajas tasas de complicaciones.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine: Efficacy and Safety as a Single Agent for Noninvasive Interventions among Pediatric Patients
Authors: McKenzie Katelyn A. , Langner Travis , Marques Francesca Perez , Sood Shawn
Published: December 2024

Intranasal dexmedetomidine has become increasingly utilized for pediatric patients. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine, as a monotherapy and administered by pediatric intensivists, for a variety of interventions among pediatric patients, as there are limited studies describing this in the literature. This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients (outpatient, inpatient floor, and critical care statuses) undergoing noninvasive interventions between July 5, 2017 and July 5, 2022. The primary outcome of interest was the type and number of adverse events (respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and patient intolerance events). The secondary outcome was the length of sedation. Additional data of interest included age, length of recovery, and type of intervention. There were 59 sedations completed using intranasal dexmedetomidine as a single agent. No adverse events were observed. The median age of patients was 14 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.50–26.50 months). The median sedation time was 69 minutes (IQR: 57.5–87.5) and 75% of the patients recovered within 43 minutes. The majority of patients (54%) underwent computed tomography scans, but additional interventions ranged from auditory brainstem response evaluations to echocardiograms. Intranasal dexmedetomidine seems to be a safe and effective monotherapy for noninvasive interventions in the pediatric population and can be administered by pediatric intensivists.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Neonates: A Predictor of Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Tong Khanh Linh , Linh Hoang Mai
Published: December 2024

Objective Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) is a common cause of mortality in the neonatal period. The purpose of the study was to determine the value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early diagnosis of EOS.

Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 102 newborns with early-onset infection (EOI) were enrolled within the first 72 hours of life in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital, the largest pediatric center in central Vietnam.

Results Among 102 newborns, 32 were identified as having EOS, while the remaining 70 were classified as EOI. The median NLR value in the EOS group (2.7 [2.0–5.6]) was statistically significantly higher than that in the EOI group (1.7 [1.0–2.4], p < 0.05). The NLR demonstrated a moderate ability to discriminate between EOS and EOI with the area under the curve (AUC) of 73.6% (p < 0.05). An NLR cut-off of 1.87 was found to be optimal, with a sensitivity of 84.4%, a specificity of 60.0%, a positive predictive value of 49.1%, and a negative predictive value of 89.4%. The combination of NLR and C-reactive protein demonstrated the best performance in predicting EOS, with the AUC of 85.3% (95% confidence interval: 76.9–91.5).

Conclusions This study suggests that NLR can be used as an additional diagnostic marker, alongside C-reactive protein, for the early diagnosis of EOS.