bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A virtual reality cognitive screening tool based on the six cognitive domains
Authors: Tan Ngiap Chuan , Lim Jie En , Sultana Rehena , Quah Joanne Hui Min , Wong Wei Teen
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION

Early detection of cognitive impairment enables interventions to slow cognitive decline. Existing neuropsychological paper‐and‐pencil tests may not adequately assess cognition in real‐life environments. A fully‐immersive and automated virtual reality (VR) system—Cognitive Assessment using VIrtual REality (CAVIRE)—was developed to assess all six cognitive domains. This case–control study aims to evaluate the ability of CAVIRE to differentiate cognitively‐healthy individuals from those with cognitive impairment.

METHODS

One hundred nine Asian individuals 65–84 years of age were recruited at a primary care setting in Singapore. Based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), participants were grouped as either Cognitively Healthy (MoCA ≥26, n = 60) or Cognitively Impaired (MoCA <26, n = 49). Subsequently, all participants completed the CAVIRE assessment.

RESULTS

Cognitively‐healthy participants achieved higher VR scores and required shorter completion time across all six cognitive domains (all p’s < 0.005). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis showed area under the curve of 0.7267.

DISCUSSION

The results demonstrated the potential of CAVIRE as a cognitive screening tool in primary care.

Highlights

CAVIRE is a virtual reality (VR) system that assesses the six cognitive domains.

CAVIRE can distinguish healthy individuals from individuals with cognitive impairment.

It has potential as a cognitive screening tool for older people in primary care.
Half‐Life Extension of the IgG‐Degrading Enzyme (IdeS) Using Fc‐Fusion Technology
Authors: Daventure Victoria , Bou‐Jaoudeh Melissa , Hannachi Emna , Reyes‐Ruiz Alejandra , Trecco Amélia , Delignat Sandrine , Lacroix‐Desmazes Sébastien , Deligne Claire
Published: December 2024

Imlifidase (IdeS) is a bacterial protease that hydrolyzes human IgG in their hinge region, decreasing their half‐life and abrogating their Fc‐mediated properties. It is now successfully used in therapy to prevent graft rejection during kidney transplants and is being clinically evaluated in several IgG‐mediated autoimmune diseases. IdeS short half‐life however limits its clinical use, particularly in the case of chronic diseases that would request repeated administrations. Here, we developed IdeS‐Fc fusion proteins as a divalent homodimer (IdeS‐Fcdiv) or a monovalent heterodimer (IdeS‐Fcmonov), in order to extend the IgG‐depleting action of IdeS over time. Both IdeS‐Fc efficiently separated monoclonal and polyclonal human IgG into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments, although with slower kinetics than their native counterpart. IdeS‐Fcmonov exhibited a seven‐fold half‐life extension in vivo as compared with IdeS, and a significantly better residual cleavage of human IgG at later time points after injection. Our results provide proof of concept for the use of an IdeS with extended IgG‐hydrolyzing functions in vivo that could rapidly translate to the clinic.
Mathematical Modeling of Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics With Reinfection and Optimal Control
Authors: Ochieng Francis Oketch
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming over 2 million lives annually, predominantly among adults. Existing TB models often neglect seasonal variations, optimal control, and reinfection, limiting their accuracy in predicting disease dynamics. This study presents a novel data‐driven SVEITRS mathematical model incorporating these factors to analyze TB transmission dynamics. Employing the next‐generation matrix approach, a basic reproduction number of 1.005341 was calculated, suggesting that without robust public health interventions, TB disease may persist in Kenya. The model equations were solved numerically using fourth‐ and fifth‐order Runge–Kutta methods, with the forward–backward sweep technique applied to the optimal control problem. The model was fitted to historical TB incidence data for Kenya from 2000 to 2022 using lsqcurvefit algorithm in MATLAB software. The fitting algorithm yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0069, demonstrating a close alignment between simulated and observed data. The optimized parameter values were used to project future TB dynamics. Key findings indicate that a 20% decrease in transmission rate coupled with a 5% increase in vaccine efficacy, while maintaining other parameters constant, would result in a 32.60% reduction in TB transmission in Kenya. Moreover, the incidence of TB in Kenya is expected to decrease to an estimated 17 cases per 100,000 people by 2045 with sustained efforts in vaccine development and public awareness campaigns. The development of highly efficacious vaccines emerges as the most cost‐effective strategy in combating TB transmission in Kenya. Policymakers should prioritize investing in the development and deployment of highly efficacious vaccines to achieve optimal public health outcomes and economic benefits, aligning with Kenya's Vision 2030.
Daily Weather Data From Central and Eastern King George Island (West Antarctica) for 2018–2023
Authors: Plenzler Joanna , Budzik Tomasz , Wójcik‐Długoborska Kornelia Anna , Bialik Robert Józef
Published: December 2024

The dataset presented in the paper contains meteorological data from four automatic weather stations (AWS) located in the central and western parts of King George Island (near Arctowski Station and Cape Lions Rump). The dataset includes daily mean, maximum and minimum values of air temperature, relative air humidity, air pressure, wind speed and daily sum of solar radiation. The measurement period ran from 2018.01.01 to 2023.12.31, but it is shorter for two of the stations. Mean values were calculated from measurements taken every 10 min. Direct measurements were used to identify extreme values. The described dataset consists offour files, each for one AWS. It is available in the PANGEA online repository under a non‐restrictive CC BY 4.0 licence for anyone after registration. Despite a strong correlation between the daily mean values of the parameters measured at certain stations, some differences between them were also noticeable. These were due to their location at different altitudes, in a place open to the sea or in a shaded place. Generally, values of wind speed, air humidity, solar radiation and pressure are similar to Arctowski during 2013–2017. The only notable distinction is that the mean annual air temperature and the mean air temperature in the winter months were higher than during 1977–1999 and 2013–2017. The data presented can be used as background for other research projects on King George Island, as well as for analysis of the meteorological conditions themselves. They may also be useful for the evaluation of the management plans of the eight Antarctic Specially Protected Areas or Antarctic Specially Managed Area no. 1 that are located on King George Island.
WDR49‐Positive Astrocytes Mark Severity of Neurodegeneration in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rajicic Ana , Giannini Lucia A. A. , Gerrits Emma , van Buuren Renee , Melhem Shamiram , Slotman Johan A. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Eggen Bart J. L. , van Swieten John C. , Seelaar Harro
Published: December 2024

A subpopulation of astrocytes expressing WD Repeat Domain 49 (WDR49) was recently identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with GRN pathogenic variants. This is the first study to investigate their expression and relation to pathology in other FTLD subtypes and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a postmortem cohort of TDP‐43 proteinopathies (12 GRN, 11 C9orf72, 9 sporadic TDP‐43), tauopathies (13 MAPT, 8 sporadic tau), 10 AD, and four controls, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed for WDR49 and pathological inclusions on frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical sections. WDR49‐positive cell counts (adjusted per mm2) were examined and related to digitally quantified percentage areas of TDP‐43/tau pathology and semiquantitative scores of neurodegeneration. Quantitative colocalization analysis of WDR49 and pathological inclusions was done. WDR49‐positive astrocytes were present across FTLD subtypes and AD in the brain parenchyma and (peri‐)vascular space, with distinct morphological patterns, and were particularly enriched in gray matter. In controls, sporadic WDR49‐positive cells were found enveloping vessels. WDR49‐positive astrocytes were most abundant in the frontal cortex (FC) of GRN cases and temporal cortex in GRN, AD, and sporadic primary tauopathy. In the occipital cortex, only a few cells were found across groups. WDR49‐positive astrocyte counts positively correlated with the severity of neurodegeneration and TDP‐43 pathology but not tauopathy. Furthermore, in frontotemporal cortices, WDR49 partly colocalized with TDP‐43 (14%–21%) and tau (31%–45%). In conclusion, WDR49 is a marker for a subset of astrocytes with different morphologies across FTLD and AD, reflecting the severity of neurodegeneration. These astrocytes may become activated in neurodegeneration in response to pathological damage and migrate from the vessel wall to the parenchyma.
Discovery, Replicability, and Generalizability of a Left Anterior Hippocampus' Morphological Network Linked to Self‐Regulation
Authors: Maleki Balajoo Somayeh , Plachti Anna , Nicolaisen‐Sobesky Eliana , Dong Debo , Hoffstaedter Felix , Meuth Sven G. , Melzer Nico , Eickhoff Simon B. , Genon Sarah
Published: December 2024

The human hippocampus is a key region in cognitive and emotional processing, but also a vulnerable and plastic region. Accordingly, there is a great interest in understanding how variability in the hippocampus' structure relates to variability in behavior in healthy and clinical populations. In this study, we aimed to link interindividual variability in subregional hippocampal networks (i.e., the brain grey matter networks of hippocampal subregions) to variability in behavioral phenotype. To do so, we used a multiblock multivariate approach mapping the association between grey matter volume in hippocampal subregions, grey matter volume in the whole brain regions, and behavioral variables in healthy adults. To ensure the robustness and generalizability of the findings, we implemented a cross‐cohort discovery and validation framework. This framework utilized two independent cohorts: the Human Connectome Project Young Adult (HCP‐YA) cohort and the Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP‐A) cohort, enabling us to assess the replicability and generalizability of hippocampal–brain–behavior phenotypes across different age groups in the population. Our results highlighted a left anterior hippocampal morphological network including the left amygdala and the posterior midline structures whose expression relates to higher self‐regulation, life satisfaction, and better performance at standard neuropsychological tests. The cross‐cohort generalizability of the hippocampus–brain–behavior mapping demonstrates its relevance beyond a specific population sample. Our previous work in developmental populations showed that the hippocampus' head co‐maturates with most of the brain during childhood. The current data‐driven study further suggests that grey matter volume in the left hippocampal head network would be particularly relevant for self‐regulation abilities in adults that influence a range of life outcomes. Future studies should thus investigate the factors influencing the development of this morphological network across childhood, as well as its relationship to neurocognitive phenotypes in various brain diseases.
Takayasu's arteritis in pregnancy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Bista Apeksha , Thapa Durga , Neupane Prawesh , Gupta Swati , Aryal Shreyashi , Sharma Jyotshna
Published: December 2024

Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, primarily affecting young women in their reproductive years. It can result in the narrowing and occlusion of arteries and the formation of aneurysms in arteries, especially those related to the aorta, creating significant risks during pregnancy. Women with TA are more susceptible to cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and heart failure, which can negatively affect both maternal and fetal health. This case report details a 23‐year‐old pregnant woman diagnosed with TA during the first trimester, presenting with symptoms of fainting and pulselessness in her right upper limb. Doppler imaging of the right upper limb confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment for TA was initiated alongside comprehensive antenatal care. In the third trimester, she also developed gestational hypertension. And at 36 weeks of gestation, due to placenta previa and preterm premature rupture of membranes, an emergency cesarean section was performed. Timely medical intervention resulted in a favorable outcome, with an uneventful postpartum recovery. This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and collaborative care in pregnant women with TA to ensure better outcomes for both mother and child. Understanding the clinical aspects of TA is essential for effective management and improved prognosis.
Isolated Right Ventricular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Findings and Histopathology of an Atypical Presentation
Authors: See Aaron Yee Shuen , Kasiviswanathan Pulkit , Syed Masood Pasha , Minervini Marta , Sahin Ibrahim Halil , Krauze Michal
Published: December 2024

Cardiac metastases are a rare site for metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We describe an atypical presentation of an isolated right ventricular metastasis of HCC following successful treatment with no evidence of primary disease recurrence. The case presented as gradually worsening hypertension and erythrocytosis in the setting of normal surveillance scans and alpha‐fetoprotein levels. The mass was detected on transthoracic echocardiogram and treated with surgical resection. Histopathological features of the tumor demonstrated features associated with WNT/β‐catenin mutated HCC, such as microtrabecular, acinar, and bile staining with positive glutamine synthetase expression.
Creation of root cause analysis and action (RCA2) standard work by a multidisciplinary team to prevent harm, reduce bias, and improve safety culture
Authors: Musheno Donise , Harnish Mary , Roberts Justin , Smokowicz Andrew
Published: December 2024

This project aimed to (1) develop a multidisciplinary team to rapidly conduct event analysis, (2) create tools to standardize event communication, (3) expand resiliency support provided to staff, and (4) decrease cycle time between event occurrence and action implementation. A multidisciplinary team was created to investigate safety events. The team developed standard work including key stakeholder notification of the event, a huddle to facilitate immediate mitigation of risk, staff resiliency support, a consistent interview approach, analysis of investigation data, and an accountability meeting to ensure consensus on steps required to prevent future harm. Sustainability is hardwired through ongoing monitoring of metrics. The baseline data collection period was January 2020 through December 2022 (n = 41) and the intervention period was January 2023 through December 2023 (n = 25). First interview time was reduced from 2 days (SD = 2.38) to 1 day (SD = 1.20, p < 0.0001). Mean event finalization decreased from 31 (SD = 13.75) to 13 days (SD = 6.75, p < 0.001). Staff nervousness score decreased from 32.40 pre‐interview to 13.96 post‐interview (p < 0.001) on a 100‐point analog scale. Non‐fall related safety events decreased from an average of 10.5 per year between July 1, 2021–June 30, 2023 to a total of 6 between July 1, 2023–June 30, 2024 (p = 0.05).
Cytomegalovirus Disease in Renal Allograft Recipients in the Current Immunosuppression Era
Authors: Housawi Abdulrahman , Woodman Alexander
Published: December 2024

The high prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) after kidney transplantation, along with its significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden, makes it a serious infectious complication. This retrospective observational study aimed to determine the incidence of CMV infection and recurrence in renal transplant recipients during the era of immunosuppression (IS), and to identify modifiable predictors of CMV infection. A total of 233 patients were screened for CMV disease incidence and predictors and were prospectively followed. The incidence of CMV disease was found to be 14.6% (95% CI, 11.7%−18%), with no recurrence observed. Multivariate analysis revealed that factors such as CMV serostatus and a positive B‐cell crossmatch at transplantation were associated with an increased risk of CMV. Specifically, patients with a positive B‐cell crossmatch had a threefold higher risk of developing CMV compared to those with a negative crossmatch (p = 0.025). This association is a novel finding and should be considered when assessing risks and complications in patients. There was a lower incidence of CMV infection among kidney transplant recipients within the first 2−5 years after transplantation. A positive B‐cell crossmatch at the time of transplantation was strongly associated with an increased risk of developing CMV disease.
Engrailed1 in Parvalbumin‐Positive Neurons Regulates Eye‐Specific Retinogeniculate Segregation and Visual Function
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Jiang Chengyong , Yan Biao , Zhang Jiayi
Published: December 2024

Homeobox transcription factor Engrailed1 (En1) is expressed in the ectoderm and mediates the establishment of retinotectal topography, but its role in eye‐specific retinogeniculate segregation and visual function remains unclear. Parvalbumin (PV) neurons, which are widely distributed in the visual pathway, play a crucial role in visual development and function. In this study, we conditionally knocked out En1 gene in PV neurons and found an expansion of the ipsilateral eye projection, while no significant effects were observed in the contralateral eye projection. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the number of PV neurons in PV‐Cre:En1fl/fl mice, accompanied by an increased level of cleaved caspase‐3 in PV neurons. Furthermore, the genetic ablation of PV neurons in the retina through intraocular AAV‐DIO‐Caspase3 injection in PV‐Cre mice was sufficient to disrupt retinogeniculate segregation. Finally, we observed that PV‐Cre:En1fl/fl mice exhibited enhanced visual depth perception in the visual cliff test. These results demonstrate that En1 in PV neurons participates in eye‐specific retinogeniculate segregation through cell survival and regulates binocular vision.
Effect of degrees of milling on the volatile compounds of cooked fragrant Simiao rice: differential volatiles obtained by GC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Lai Rui , Liu Jie , Huang Qing , Fei Xiaoji , An Hongzhou , Lin Qian , Wang Lina
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Alterations in the degrees of milling (DOM) could significantly influence the odor of rice. A gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based untargeted metabolomics method has been effectively employed to identify the differential volatiles among rice from various origins or varieties, although it has not been utilized to identify the differential volatiles among cooked rice with different DOM.

RESULTS

Fifty volatile compounds were detected in cooked brown rice (CBR), cooked medium‐milled rice (CMMR) and cooked well‐milled rice (CWMR) of the four fragrant Simiao rice by GC‐MS. A comprehensive GC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 25 differential volatiles among CBR, CMMR and CWMR. Among them, seven differential volatiles, namely hexanal, octanal, decanal, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, vanillin, acetoin and pentanol, as well as one differential volatile (dibutyl phthalate), were determined as volatile markers for CBR and CMMR, respectively. Moreover, acetoin was identified to distinguish among CBR, CMMR, and CWMR of fragrant Simiao rice.

CONCLUSION

GC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics could be effectively applied to screen differential volatiles in cooked rice with different DOM. The 25 differential volatiles identified could significantly contribute to the distinctive odor in cooked fragrant Simiao rice with different DOM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synergy of Pollinators and Flower Strips: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends
Authors: Herrera Cerquera Juan Pablo , Parra Cortés Claudia , Zapata Ríos Evelin , Aroca Pulido Claudia Tatiana , Vargas Guarín Arsened
Published: December 2024

The integration of pollinators and flower strips into agricultural landscapes has emerged as a key strategy for addressing current challenges in agricultural sustainability and biodiversity conservation. This study presents a comprehensive global bibliometric analysis of research trends in this field from 2009 to 2023, offering an in‐depth overview of progress and remaining gaps. By reviewing 155 publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, advanced tools such as VOSviewer and Tree of Science were used to analyze author networks, thematic dynamics, and citation patterns, identifying areas of significant impact and research growth. The results reveal a steady annual growth rate of 23.6% in scientific output, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States leading the field, collectively accounting for 54.2% of the publications. More than 76.8% of these studies were published in the last 5 years, highlighting an increasing interest in incorporating flower strips as part of sustainable agricultural strategies. However, despite this progress, our analysis identifies a critical gap in understanding the long‐term ecological and economic impacts of flower strips, particularly regarding their effectiveness in enhancing pollinator health and agricultural productivity. Additionally, there is a dearth of research on their adaptation and implementation in diverse geographic contexts, such as tropical and arid regions, where specific environmental conditions may influence their performance and sustainability. Most of the reviewed studies are short‐term, limiting the understanding of flower strips' long‐term effects on agricultural productivity and biodiversity. Additionally, there is a significant lack of research focusing on the implementation and effectiveness of flower strips in tropical and arid regions, emphasizing the need to expand the geographical scope of future studies. To maximize the potential of flower strips, we recommend developing standardized methodologies to consistently assess pollination services and encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complex interactions between agricultural practices, pollinator conservation, and ecosystem services. Beyond providing a solid foundation for future research, this analysis offers critical recommendations for the development of agricultural policies that promote biodiversity and agroecosystem resilience, thereby helping to mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance global agricultural sustainability.
Nanoscale Liposomes Co‐Loaded with Irinotecan Hydrochloride and Thalidomide for Colorectal Cancer Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Sun Xuanrong , Gong Yubei , Xie Ting , Fu Zixi , Lu Dongze , Wei Bin , Cai Yue , Yao Wenlong , Shen Jie
Published: December 2024

Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT‐11) is one of the first‐line drugs used in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the concomitant adverse effect of delayed diarrhea has hindered its clinical use. CPT‐11 combined with Thalidomide (THA) therapy is considered a palliative strategy. To optimize the synergistic treatment of CPT‐11 and THA, co‐loaded liposomes are constructed using cholesterol, lecithin, and 1, 2‐Distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐Poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE‐PEG) as the “immune and gut microbiota regulator.” The co‐loaded liposomes, which possess good stability, are prepared by the solvent injection method. After the treatment with the co‐loaded liposomes, tumor growth in CRC‐bearing mice is significantly inhibited. In particular, the co‐loaded liposomes demonstrate favorable diarrhea‐relieving effects through the modulation of inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota. These findings suggest that the co‐loaded liposomes have great potential as a combined drug‐delivery platform for CRC therapy.
Parametric appraisal and wear prediction of red brick dust filled epoxy composites using finite element method
Authors: Gupta G. , Purohit A. , Kumar S. S. , Mohanty C. P. , Ray S. , Pati P. R.
Published: December 2024

This article proposes the development of a novel polymer composites using non‐conventional materials, specifically constructional wastes such as red brick dust, in different weight percentages (0 wt.‐%, 10 wt.‐%, 20 wt.‐%, and 30 wt.‐%) and their erosion wear characteristics has been studied. Solid particle erosion test equipment is employed to evaluate the erosion wear characteristics of the composites. According to the study, adding red brick dust to epoxy resin enhances its erosion resistance. The influence of input parameters has also been evaluated using Taguchi approach. The results of this experiment show that the most important variables influencing the composites′ wear rate are impact velocity and filler content. The factor combinations A2B4C4D2E3 exhibit the lowest erosion wear. Moreover, a commercial finite element method tool called ANSYS 2019 R2 is utilized to estimate the wear rate of epoxy/red brick dust composites. After that, the experimental and predicted wear rates of the composites are compared, and it is discovered that the two sets of data accord better. Scanning electron microscopy is utilized to examine the eroded composite samples, and the potential wear causes are explored.
A generalized three‐parameters model to describe the strain‐life curve under asymmetrical cyclic loading
Authors: Li J. , Wang R. , Li X. L. , Qiu Y. Y.
Published: December 2024

It is widely known that the mean stress has substantial influence on fatigue life of material under asymmetrical loading. Hence, it is important to take into account the mean stress effect in fatigue life prediction. In this work, an equivalent strain amplitude that is similar to the Smith‐Watson‐Topper's parameter was proposed by introducing the mean stress term. The new strain‐life model resulting from the proposed equivalent strain amplitude can be used to correlate the uniaxial fatigue data under both symmetrical and asymmetrical cyclic loadings. Extensive experimental validations using 394 data sets from 10 metals collected from the literature show that the established model can provide good estimations for the loadings with various mean stresses, including compression‐compression cyclic loading.
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Bears on the Clinical‐Biological Profile of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bissacco Jacopo , Bovenzi Roberta , Conti Matteo , Simonetta Clara , Mascioli Davide , Cerroni Rocco , Sancesario Giulia Maria , Grillo Piergiorgio , Pierantozzi Mariangela , Stefani Alessandro , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Camacho Marta , Schirinzi Tommaso
Published: December 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) accompanies any phase of Parkinson's disease (PD), underlying differential clinical‐pathological trajectories.

Objective

To investigate associations between GID and peripheral immune or neurodegeneration‐related markers in PD.

Methods

One‐hundred‐and‐fourteen patients (n = 55 de novo, DN; n = 59 middle‐advanced, MA) completed the Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale for PD (GIDS‐PD), and other motor and non‐motor scales; paired measurement of amyloid‐β42, amyloid‐β42β/β40, total‐tau, phosphorylated‐181‐tau, total α‐synuclein CSF levels, albumin ratio, and peripheral blood cell count were collected. Group and correlation analyses were performed.

Results

MA patients had greater GID than DN. GIDS‐PD scores directly correlated with MDS‐UPDRS‐III and non‐motor scores in both groups, although more in DN. GIDS‐PD scores were directly associated with α‐synuclein and inversely with lymphocytes only in DN; conversely, they were positively associated with tau proteins and albumin ratio, and negatively with amyloid‐β‐peptides in both groups.

Conclusions

The burden of GID increases along the PD course with associated stage‐specific clinical‐biological patterns.
Psychologists report burnout, insurance barriers, amid treatment demand
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Longer waitlists, patients with increasingly severe symptoms and challenges in meeting treatment demand continue to plague psychologists, according to a new annual survey released by the APA, which also revealed low participation in insurance plans.
Study: Childhood lead exposure linked to MI in adulthood
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

A new study says that the use of lead in gasoline may have contributed to many mental health conditions later in life in a large part of the population, such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and behavioral health problems.
California bill seeks warning label on social media platforms
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2024

Observing a need to combat youth mental health crises linked to social media, California lawmakers have introduced legislation to require social media platforms to prominently display black box warning labels consistent with recent calls to action by the U.S. Surgeon General, according to a news release from the office of California Attorney General Rob Bonta.
A qBOLD‐based clinical radiomics‐integrated model for predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase‐1 mutation in gliomas
Authors: Wu Jingzhi , Qiu Jun , Yang Ying , Sun Wen , Wang Peng , Hu Panpan , Yang Yidong , Liu Ying , Wen Jie
Published: December 2024

Background

Quantitative blood oxygenation level–dependent (qBOLD) technique can be applied to detect tissue damage and changes in hemodynamic in gliomas. It is not known whether qBOLD‐based radiomics approaches can improve the prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase‐1 (IDH‐1) mutation.

Purpose

To establish a qBOLD‐based clinical radiomics‐integrated model for predicting IDH‐1 mutation in gliomas.

Methods

A total of 125 patients of grade II–IV glioma (IDH1 mutation: IDH1 wild‐type = 50:75) were divided into a training group (n = 87) and a validation group (n = 38). Contrast enhanced T1‐weighted (CE‐T1W), T2‐weighted (T2W), and 3D multi‐gradient‐recalled‐echo (MGRE) images were acquired. Radiomics features were extracted from the region of interests of each image. The feature selection and support vector machine radiomics models were established for each sequence. A clinical radiomics–integrated model was finally constructed combining the best radiomics model with age. The predictive effectiveness of the models was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Brier score was used to assess overall predictive performance. Decision curve analysis and calibration curve were also conducted.

Results

The best radiomics model was CE‐T1W + T2W + qBOLD with AUCs of 0.823 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.743–0.831) in the training group and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.655–0.794) in the validation group, respectively. The clinical radiomics–integrated model, incorporating the best radiomics model with age, showed the best predictive effectiveness with AUCs of 0.851 (95% CI 0.759–0.918) in the training group and 0.786 (95% CI 0.622–0.902) in the validation group.

Conclusion

A clinical radiomics‐integrated model that combined qBOLD parametric maps, CE‐T1W, and T2W images with age achieved promising performance for predicting IDH1 mutation in glioma patients.
Improved deep learning‐based IVIM parameter estimation via the use of more “realistic” simulated brain data
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Jiechao , Yang Qinqin , Cai Congbo , Xing Zhen , Chen Zhong , Cao Dairong , Cai Shuhui
Published: December 2024

Background

Due to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and the limited number of b‐values, precise parameter estimation of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging remains an open issue to date, especially for brain imaging where the relatively small difference between D and D* easily leads to outliers and obvious graininess in estimated results.

Purpose

To propose a synthetic data driven supervised learning method (SDD‐IVIM) for improving precision and noise robustness in IVIM parameter estimation without relying on real‐world data for neural network training.

Methods

On account of the absence of standard IVIM parametric maps from real‐world data, a novel model‐based method for generating synthetic human brain IVIM data was introduced. Initially, the parameter values of synthetic IVIM parametric maps were sampled from the complex distributions composed of a series of simple and uniform distributions. Subsequently, these parametric maps were modulated with human brain texture to imitate brain tissue structure. Finally, they were used to generate synthetic human brain multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted (DW) images based on the IVIM bi‐exponential model. With the proposed data synthesis method, an ordinary U‐Net with spatial smoothness was employed for IVIM parameter mapping within a supervised learning framework. The performance of SDD‐IVIM was evaluated on both numerical phantom and 20 glioma patients. The estimated IVIM parametric maps were compared to those derived from five state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Results

In numerical phantom experiments, SDD‐IVIM method produces IVIM parametric maps with lower mean absolute error, lower mean bias, and higher structural similarity compared to the other five methods, especially when the SNR of DW images is low. In glioma patient experiments, SDD‐IVIM method offers lower coefficient of variation and more reasonable contrast‐to‐noise ratio between tumor and contralateral normal appearing white matter than the other five methods.

Conclusion

Our method owns superior performance in parametric map quality, parameter estimation precision, and lesion characterization in IVIM parameter estimation, with strong resistance to noise.
Histological Validation of Multi‐Echo Gradient Echo (MGRE)‐Derived Myelin Water Fraction (MWF) at 9.4 T and the Influence of Orientation on Quantification
Authors: Thompson Garth John , Wang Ziyi , Kim Jae‐Yoon , Li Hui , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Ye Qiong , Su Min‐Ying
Published: December 2024

Myelin is essential in the nervous system of mammals. As the location and degree of myelin loss can reflect varied pathophysiological status, noninvasive measurement of myelin is of high importance. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique of myelin water fraction (MWF) derived from multi‐echo gradient echo (MGRE) sequence is a promising tool for the quantification of myelin content due to the low specific absorption rate (SAR) compared with the spin‐echo sequence, time efficiency, and wide availability. Yet to our knowledge, MGRE‐derived MWF has never been quantitatively validated with histology. The main objective of this study was to quantitatively validate the MRI findings by referencing the myelin histology using a rat model. As a second objective, we investigated how the orientation of white matter fibers with respect to the static B0 field impacted both the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2* = 1/T2*) and the derived MWF. Moreover, MWF is known to change with age; thus, we compared rat brains of different ages. The orientation effect of MWF in a clinical setting was studied using 3 T human data. Twenty ex vivo rat brains with different ages and three healthy volunteers were scanned on a 9.4 T Bruker and 3.0 T Siemens systems, respectively. The 3D MGRE and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired. Our results showed a highly significant correlation between MGRE‐derived MWF and histological stain of myelin, and susceptibility and diffusivity also demonstrated a significant association with myelin. Both MWF and R2* (R2* = 1/T2*) values changed as a function of orientation, and the function varied with age. Furthermore, MWF and R2* were more sensitive to age than DTI. In vivo 3 T human MWF also changed substantially with the orientation as well. Our results support that MGRE‐derived MWF can be used to assess the myelin content quantitatively.
Concentric Ring Trajectory Sampling With k‐Space Reordering Enables Assessment of Tissue‐Specific T1 and T2 Relaxation for 2H‐Labeled Substrates in the Human Brain at 7 T
Authors: Bader Viola , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Hingerl Lukas , Frese Sabina , Duguid Anna , Osburg Aaron , Clarke William T. , Motyka Stanislav , Krssak Martin , Trattnig Siegfried , Scherer Thomas , Lanzenberger Rupert , Niess Fabian
Published: December 2024

Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is an emerging Magnetic Resonance technique providing valuable insight into the dynamics of cellular glucose (Glc) metabolism of the human brain in vivo using deuterium‐labeled (2H) glucose as non‐invasive tracer. Reliable concentration estimation of 2H‐Glc and downstream synthesized neurotransmitters glutamate + glutamine (Glx) requires accurate knowledge of relaxation times, but so far tissue‐specific T1 and T2 relaxation times (e.g., in gray and white matter) have not been determined. Such measurements are time‐consuming and particularly challenging in the presence of dynamically changing metabolite levels (e.g. 2H Glc and 2H Glx).

This study aimed to assess T1 and T2 relaxation times of deuterated resonances, i.e., water, Glc and Glx in human gray and white matter using inversion recovery and Hahn spin‐echo 2H MRSI (magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging), respectively, with non‐Cartesian concentric ring trajectory readout (CRT) including specific k‐space reordering at 7 T. The sequence was validated using phantom measurements and all results were compared to unlocalized acquisitions. Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in the study, with 10 of them scanned ~90 min after oral administration of 0.8 g/kg [6,6′‐2H]‐glucose. Significantly different T1 and T2 relaxation was observed between GM and WM for 2H water (T1GM/WM/unlocalized = 358 ± 21/328 ± 12/335 m ± 6 ms, p = 0.01) and 2H Glx (T2GM/WM/unlocalized = 37 ± 2/35 ± 2/33 ± 3 ms, p = 0.02), respectively, consistent with unlocalized acquisitions. No significant regional differences were found for 2H water (T2GM/WM/unlocalized = 36 ± 2/34 ± 2/31 ± 2 ms, p = 0.08), 2H Glc (T1GM/WM/unlocalized = 70 ± 5/73 ± 4/80 ± 5 ms, p = 0.13; T2GM/WM/unlocalized = 36 ± 1/34 ± 2/34 ± 2 ms, p = 0.24) and Glx (T1GM/WM/unlocalized = 172 ± 15/172 ± 12/165 ± 11 ms, p = 1.00).

Knowledge of tissue‐specific relaxation times can enhance the accuracy of concentration estimation and metabolic flux rates in future studies, potentially improving our understanding of various brain diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or diabetes, which are often linked to impaired glucose metabolism.
Indentation damage identification of carbon fiber composite laminates based on modal acoustic emission and machine learning
Authors: Xue Sai‐nan , Wang Jie , Liang Ya‐zhao , Ma Lian‐hua , Zhou Wei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a damage signal recognition for carbon fiber composites based on modal acoustic emission is proposed, which can realize the damage classification of acoustic emission signals. First, according to modal analysis results of the acoustic source signal obtained from the pencil lead breakage experiment, digital filters are designed to realize the mode separation of symmetric (S0) and anti‐symmetric (A0) in the acoustic emission signal. Based on the modal characteristics of the damage signals, an algorithm for the recognition of damage signals is established. The accuracy of damage signal recognition in pure matrix cracking and fiber breakage is 97.9% and 96.2%, respectively. Then, the algorithm is used to identify the damage signal during the indentation experiment of the carbon fiber composite laminates and analyze the damage evolution process. Finally, using the machine learning method to locate the damage location during the indentation experiment, the error between the predicted acoustic emission source and the actual results is less than 2.8%. In this study, the classification of damage modes and the location of damaged sound sources during the indentation experiment of carbon fiber composite laminates were realized, which provided a reference for structural health monitoring of composite materials.

Highlights

AE technique is used to study the indentation damage of CFRP laminates.

An algorithm for damage signal recognition based on MAE is proposed.

Prediction of damaged location by combining AE and machine learning.

Effectively realizes damage signal classification and location prediction.
Enhancing the material properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers through carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube:graphene incorporation
Authors: Kalaoglu‐Altan Ozlem Ipek , Karagüzel Kayaoğlu Burçak , Trabzon Levent
Published: December 2024

In this study, a carbon nanotube:multilayer graphene (CNT:G) hybrid nanofiller was constructed and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) based composite nanofibers containing CNT, or CNT:G were electrospun and characterized in order to fabricate thermally conductive polymer nanomats. Particular attention was directed toward investigating the effects of CNT and CNT:G in enhancing thermal stability, thermal conductivity coefficient, and heat dissipation efficiency of the composite nanofibers. The thermal conductivity coefficient of neat rPET nanofibers was found as 12.753 W/mK while it increased to 34.437, 38.713, and 96.957 W/mK with 0.25%, 1%, and 5% of CNT incorporation, respectively. When hybrid nanofillers were used at a loading of 1%, the thermal conductivity coefficients for rPET/CNT:G nanofibers with CNT:G ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 respectively increased to 62.229, and 47.62 W/mK. The heat dissipation efficiency of the rPET nanofibers was also enhanced upon nanofiller incorporation which was illustrated with infrared thermography data. The results suggest the use of both CNT‐ and CNT:G‐loaded rPET composite nanofibers as promising textile materials for passive cooling applications.

Highlights

Hybrid CNT:G nanofillers are synthesized with weight ratios of 1:1 and 1:3.

rPET/CNT and rPET/CNT:G composite nanofibers are electrospun.

The thermal conductivity coefficients of the composite nanofibers are improved.

The composite nanofibers are also mechanically enhanced.

Value‐added rPET products as thermal management materials are proposed.
Scoping review of drug dosing recommendations in sustained low‐efficiency dialysis
Authors: Nelson Nicholas R. , Quinn Nicholas J. , Bills Stephanie , Dellabella Alexander , Gregar Sarah E. , Lear Alyssa , Marsolek Legacy , Mounce Crystal , Tobin Morgan
Published: December 2024

The objective of this scoping review was to answer the question, “What has been published describing drug dosing in sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED)?” PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched on November 18, 2022. Methodology followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full‐texts of citations identified related to drug dosing and SLED. Exclusion criteria included case reports, conference abstracts, pediatrics, treatment dialysis, and non‐human subjects. A standardized data extraction sheet was used to collate and summarize data. The quality of evidence was evaluated by two investigators using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A total of 230 citations were identified for screening. Of these, 29 studies met criteria for inclusion after full‐text review. Four drug groups including beta‐lactam antibiotics, non‐beta‐lactam antibiotics, antifungals, and levetiracetam were identified. Dialysate rates, dialysis durations, and medication doses used varied widely across studies. Outcomes and pharmacokinetic parameters that were assessed were also heterogenous. Drug dosing in SLED is challenging and there is minimal evidence available to guide appropriate dosing. Larger studies are needed to more accurately determine how to appropriately dose medications in SLED. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be used in all patients on SLED when available.
The Role of Self‐Esteem and Class Climate in Boarding Adolescents’ Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Rural China
Authors: Chen Xu , Xiao Ziyi
Published: December 2024

Suicidal ideation is a high risk factor for suicidal behavior in disadvantaged adolescents. This study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism underlying the influence of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation among boarding adolescents. A total of 2317 boarding adolescents from rural schools in Southwest China completed four questionnaires, namely, bullying victimization, self‐esteem, class climate and suicidal ideation. The results showed that (1) the prevalence of suicidal ideation was relatively high among rural boarders (29.4%), and there were significant gender and grade differences (mostly girls and eighth‐grade students were the most prevalent groups, p < 0.05); (2) bullying victimization was significantly correlated with boarding adolescents’ suicidal ideation and positively predicted their suicidal ideation (r = 0.26, p < 0.001; β = 0.25, p < 0.001); (3) self‐esteem played a crucial mediating role between boarding adolescents’ bullying victimization and suicide ideation in rural schools (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval did not include 0); and (4) class climate moderated the mediating effect of self‐esteem. A positive class climate was found to be conducive to preventing suicidal ideation in bullied boarding adolescents, while a negative class climate was found to be more likely to stimulate suicidal ideation (β = ‐0.06, p < 0.05). Intervention activities based on self‐esteem and class climate are key to preventing the psychological crisis of boarding adolescents in rural China.
Gravitational Deflection of Massive Body Around Global Monopole
Authors: Rahaman Farook , Amin Ruhul , Hasan Mahmud , Islam Anikul , Ray Saibal , Aziz Abdul , Pundeer Naeem Ahmad
Published: December 2024

The non‐minimally coupled global monopole is a point like topological defect that may have been created during the phase transitions in the early universe. It is argued that topological defects are responsible for the structure formation of the galaxies and monopole could be the galactic dark matter in the spiral galaxies. In this article, the deflection of massive particle by the global monopole is studied. This basically makes sense as global monopole produces strong gravitational field due to enormous energy density allied with the Nambu–Goldstone field adjoining the monopole. The energy density of the monopole is decreasing with distance as and as a result global monopole structure plays an important role to explain the flatness of rotation curves of the outer region of various galaxies.