bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods of drainage and transfer of rainwater
Authors: Malmur Robert
Published: September 2019

With frequent heavy rainfalls in summer in Poland and fast-melting snow in spring leading to flooding of sewage systems (due to excessive filling levels in water receivers or difficulties with temporary retention of the excess stormwater), a variety of systems are being developed to facilitate transfer of the stormwater to water receivers. Outflow of the excess stormwater is usually ensured by the use of gravitational outflow collectors that connect stormwater drains with waterways. The transfer occurs during intensive precipitation, when the excess wastewater overflows through stormwater drains and is transferred directly to water receivers in order to relieve wastewater treatment plants or to minimize diameters of sewers. These systems are useful wherever the filling levels in waterways are not very high or the sewerage system is located relatively high with respect to the water receiver i.e. outflow collector is located on a steep slope. In such cases, the stormwater that flows through a waterway cannot be returned to the outflow collector. If the gravitational flow is impossible due to e.g. the excessive filling level of water receiver, stormwater can be transferred by means of a variety of modern solutions, such as retention and transfer reservoirs. These reservoirs are supposed to ensure partial retention of the excess stormwater and transfer of this water to water receivers, either gravitationally or forced mechanically, depending on the filling level in the waterway. The transfer reservoirs for the stormwater presented in this paper might be successfully used in modernization of current sewage systems, ensuring the reliability of operation and a more effective wastewater transfer than the systems used to date. All the reservoirs of this type are characterized by similar design and function and guarantee that the wastewater might be transferred regardless of the conditions in the water receiver.
Multi-objective optimization of CuO based organic Rankine cycle operated using R245ca
Authors: Prajapati Parth , Patel Vivek
Published: September 2019

The present work deals with multi objective optimization of nanofluid based Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to utilise waste heat energy. Working fluid considered for the study is R245ca for its good thermodynamic properties and lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to the conventional fluids used in the waste heat recovery system. Heat Transfer Search (HTS) algorithm is used to optimize the objective functions which tends to maximize thermal efficiency and minimize Levelised Energy Cost (LEC). To enhance heat transfer between the working fluid and source fluid, nanoparticles are added to the source fluid. Application of nanofluids in the heat transfer system helps in maximizing recovery of the waste heat in the heat exchangers. Based on the availability and cost, CuO nanoparticles are considered for the study. Effect of Pinch Point Temperature Difference (PPTD) and concentration of nanoparticles in heat exchangers is studied and discussed. Results showed that nanofluids based ORC gives maximum thermal efficiency of 18.50% at LEC of 2.59 $/kWh. Total reduction of 7.11% in LEC can be achieved using nanofluids.
Purification of model biogas from toluene using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Słupek Edyta , Makoś Patrycja , Gębicki Jacek , Rogala Andrzej
Published: September 2019

Biogas from landfills and wastewater treatment facilities typically contain a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that can cause severe operational problems when biogas is used as fuel. Among the contaminants commonly occur aromatic compounds, i.e. benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX). In order to remove BTEX from biogas, different processes can be used. A promising process for VOCs removal is their absorption in deep eutectic solvents (DES). In this work, three DES: ([ChCl] U TEG [choline chloride]:urea:tetraethylene glycol (1:2:2), [ChCl] U [choline chloride]:urea (1:2), [ChCl] DEG [choline chloride]:diethylene glycol (1:2)) and water were tested to toluene absorption in concentration of 2000 ppm v/v in nitrogen stream. The results demonstrated the high absorption capacity of toluene using DES based on glycols.
The impact of naturogenic threats to the critical infrastructure
Authors: Vichova Katerina
Published: September 2019

This paper is focused on naturogenic threats with the impact on the critical infrastructure. The aim of the paper is to describe the critical infrastructure and analyze the impact of naturogenic threats to them. There is the increasing number of disasters which has an impact on the power outage. These situations can endanger the lives and health of citizens. One of the elements of critical infrastructure is healthcare. There must be provided for the power supply. The first part of the paper deals with the concept of naturogenic threats and critical infrastructure. This part is focused on the cascading effect of the emergencies with the impact of the power outage. Secondly, the paper analyses the elements of the critical infrastructure – healthcare. There are analyzed disasters to the power outage based on the survey. The results are presented based on Pareto analysis. The final part summarizes naturogenic threats with the impact of the critical infrastructure and suggests a solution for the assessment of the hospitals.
Détermination du fond géochimique pour les métaux dissous dans les eaux de surface du bassin Seine-Normandie
Authors: Quentin A. , Pellet A.
Published: September 2019

En établissant les normes de qualité environnementale (NQE) pour évaluer la qualité des eaux de surface, la Commission européenne a permis aux États membres de soustraire, à la concentration mesurée, le fond géochimique pour les métaux dissous. La notion de fond géochimique est ainsi introduite afin de distinguer la part d’origine naturelle de la part de l’activité humaine pour l’évaluation de l’état des eaux. La nature géologique et les processus d’altération sont les principaux moteurs de la variabilité spatiale naturelle. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer les valeurs de fond géochimique pour les quatre métaux considérés comme polluants spécifiques de l’état écologique (As, Cr, Cu, Zn) et les quatre métaux inclus dans l’état chimique (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) sur le bassin Seine-Normandie. Un fond géochimique a été calculé à la masse d’eau par l’interpolation des mesures de stations peu ou pas touchées par les activités humaines. Parmi les huit métaux, l’arsenic (As) présente les meilleurs résultats d’interpolation grâce à la haute densité et à la répartition homogène des stations de mesure sur le bassin. Cette densité et cette distribution sont possibles par une identification plus précise des sources de pollution, plus difficile chez les autres métaux. La carte de l’arsenic est proche des résultats de fond géochimique sur sédiments. Pour les autres métaux, le chrome (Cr), le cuivre (Cu) et le nickel (Ni) donnent des résultats satisfaisants grâce à des modèles de variogrammes bien corrélés avec les données observées. Cela n’est pas le cas pour le cadmium (Cd), le mercure (Hg), le plomb (Pb) et le zinc (Zn) pour lesquels plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer des modèles de variogrammes peu fiables comme des pollutions diffuses, des concentrations très faibles donc difficilement mesurables et la faible disponibilité de données.
Clinical Characterization of Mucolipidoses II and III: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Alegra Taciane , Sperb-Ludwig Fernanda , Guarany Nicole Ruas , Ribeiro Erlane M. , Lourenço Charles M. , Kim Chong Ae , Valadares Eugênia R. , Galera Marcial Francis , Acosta Angelina X. , Horovitz Dafne Dain Gandelman , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein
Published: September 2019

Mucolipidoses (MLs) II and III are rare lysosomal diseases caused by deficiency of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, and clinical manifestations are multisystemic. Clinical and demographic data from 1983 to 2013 were obtained retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were included (ML II = 15, ML III α/beta = 9, ML III gamma = 3). The median age at diagnosis was 2.7 years. The predominant clinical presentations were skeletal symptoms. The ML II patients showed physical and cognitive impairment, while the ML III α/beta patients have more somatic abnormalities and usually were delayed in early development as compared with ML III gamma patients. This is the most comprehensive study exploring characteristics of Brazilian patients with MLs II and III.
Morphometry of Glasscock’s Triangle Pertinent to the Exposure of Horizontal Intrapetrosal Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Siddiqui Abu Ubaida , Gurudiwan Richa , Siddiqui Abu Talha , Chaudhary Nikita , John Meryl Rachel , Gupta Paritosh
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim The specific anatomical triangles around the cavernous sinus are frequently explored areas in neurosurgeries and thus require a methodical approach keeping in mind the possibility of variational anatomy and morphometric differences. One of the most inconsistent triangles is the Glasscock’s (posterolateral) triangle (GT) in the middle cranial fossa.

Materials and Methods The present study was undertaken on 26 skull bases of the middle cranial fossa from cadavers and 42 dry adult skulls from the departmental collection to analyze parameters of the GT pertinent to the horizontal intrapetrosal segment of the internal carotid artery. The measurements of all sides of the GT were done and the mean surface area was calculated using Heron’s formula. The findings of the study were compared with earlier works where other methods of investigation were employed, such as, dry bones/computed tomography scans, cadaveric studies.

Observations The GT in the present study had a mean surface area of 43 mm﻿2. The study presented with variable morphological and morphometric data as compared with earlier studies. The scientific attribute to the differences in parameters is presumably relevant to the racial differences as well as the pathophysiological condition of the subject.

Conclusions Surgical interventions to the base of the skull have evolved enormously over the years. Earlier studies have described the triangle on cadaveric specimen. We have attempted to revisit the area in cadaveric as well as dry skull base. Flawless information of the area under surgery augments safer procedures and reduction in the damage to brain tissue as well as the cranial nerves. The putative clinical implications of the present study are useful in helping in high precision surgeries and enhanced patient care. The highly variable GT needs to be understood properly for a desired culmination in ICA exposure in the intrapetrosal segment.
Gyrokinetic GENE simulations of DIII-D near-edge L-mode plasmas
Authors: Neiser T. F. , Jenko F. , Carter T. A. , Schmitz L. , Told D. , Merlo G. , Bañón Navarro A. , Crandall P. C. , McKee G. R. , Yan Z.
Published: September 2019

We present gyrokinetic simulations with the GENE code addressing the near-edge region of an L-mode plasma in the DIII-D tokamak. At radial position ρ = 0.80, simulations with the ion temperature gradient (ITG) increased by 40% above the nominal value give electron and ion heat fluxes that are in simultaneous agreement with the experiment. This gradient increase is consistent with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty σ of the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements at the 1.6σ level. Multiscale simulations are carried out with a realistic mass ratio and geometry for the first time in the near-edge. These multiscale simulations suggest that the highly unstable ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes of the flux-matched ion-scale simulations suppress electron-scale transport, such that ion-scale simulations are sufficient at this location. At radial position ρ = 0.90, nonlinear simulations show a hybrid state of ITG and trapped electron modes, which was not expected from linear simulations. The nonlinear simulations reproduce the total experimental heat flux with the inclusion of E × B shear effects and an increase in the electron temperature gradient by ∼23%. This gradient increase is compatible with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty of the Thomson scattering data at the 1.3σ level. These results are consistent with previous findings that gyrokinetic simulations are able to reproduce the experimental heat fluxes by varying input parameters close to their experimental uncertainties, pushing the validation frontier closer to the edge region.
Inhomogeneous Neumann-boundary value problem for one dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equations via factorization techniques
Authors: Esquivel Liliana , Hayashi Nakao , Kaikina Elena I.
Published: September 2019

We consider the inhomogeneous Neumann-boundary value problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the half-line. We present sufficient conditions of initial and boundary data which ensure asymptotic behavior of small solutions to the equations by using the classical energy method and factorization techniques.
Simulation of blood flow past a distal arteriovenous-graft anastomosis at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Bai Zengding , Zhu Luoding
Published: September 2019

Patients with end-stage renal disease are usually treated by hemodialysis while waiting for a kidney transplant. A common device for vascular access is an arteriovenous graft (AVG). However, AVG failure induced by thrombosis has been plaguing dialysis practice for decades. Current studies indicate that the thrombosis is caused by intimal hyperplasia, which is triggered by the abnormal flows and forces [e.g., wall shear stress (WSS)] in the vein after AVG implant. Due to the high level of complexity, in almost all of the existing works of modeling and simulation of the blood-flow vessel-AVG system, the graft and blood vessel are assumed to be rigid and immobile. Very recently, we have found that the compliance of graft and vein can reduce flow disturbances and lower WSS [Z. Bai and L. Zhu, “Three-dimensional simulation of a viscous flow past a compliant model of arteriovenous-graft anastomosis,” Comput. Fluids 181, 403–415 (2019)]. In this paper, we apply the compliant model to investigate possible effects of several dimensionless parameters (AVG graft-vein diameter ratio Rgv, AVG attaching angle θ, flow Reynolds numbers Re, and native vein speed Vv) on the flow and force fields near the distal AVG anastomosis at low Reynolds numbers (up to several hundreds). Our computational results indicate that the influences of the parameters Rgv, θ, and Re lie largely on the graft and the influence of Vv lies largely on the vein. In any case, the WSS, wall shear stress gradient, and wall normal stress gradient and their averaged values on the graft are significantly greater than those on the vein.
Local electromagnetic properties and hysteresis losses in uniformly and non-uniformly wound superconducting racetrack coils
Authors: Robert B. C. , Fareed M. U. , Ruiz H. S.
Published: September 2019

A noteworthy physical dependence of the hysteresis losses with the axial winding misalignment of superconducting racetrack coils made with commercial second generation high temperature superconducting (2G-HTS) tapes is reported. A comprehensive study on the influence of the turn-to-turn misalignment factor on the local electromagnetic properties of individual turns is presented by considering six different coil arrangements and ten amplitudes for the applied alternating transport current, Ia, together with an experimentally determined function for the magneto-angular anisotropy properties of the critical current density, Jc(B,θ), across the superconducting tape. It has been found that for moderate to low applied currents Ia≤0.6Ic0, with Ic0 the self-field critical current of individual tapes, the resulting hysteretic losses under extreme winding deformations can lead to an increase in the energy losses of up to 25% the losses generated by a perfectly wound coil. High-level meshing considerations have been applied in order to get a realistic account of the local and global electromagnetic properties of racetrack coils, including a mapping of the flux front dynamics with well defined zones for the occurrence of magnetization currents, transport currents, and flux-free cores, which simultaneously has enabled an adequate resolution for determining the experimental conditions when turn-to-turn misalignments of the order of 20–100 μm in a 20 turns 4mm wide racetrack coil can lead not only to the increment of the AC losses but also to its reduction. In this sense, we have shown that for transport current amplitudes Ia>0.7Ic0, a slight reduction in the hysteresis losses can be achieved as a consequence of the winding displacement, which is at the same time connected with the size reduction of the flux-free core at the coil central turns. Our findings can be used as a practical benchmark to determine the relative losses for any 2G-HTS racetrack coil application, unveiling the physical fingerprints that possible coil winding misalignments could infer.
Pr
x
Ca
1
−
x
MnO
3
based stochastic neuron for Boltzmann machine to solve “maximum cut” problem
Authors: Khilwani Devesh , Moghe Vineet , Lashkare Sandip , Saraswat Vivek , Kumbhare Pankaj , Shojaei Baghini Maryam , Jandhyala Srivatsava , Subramoney Sreenivas , Ganguly Udayan
Published: September 2019

The neural network enables efficient solutions for Nondeterministic Polynomial-time (NP) hard problems, which are challenging for conventional von Neumann computing. The hardware implementation, i.e., neuromorphic computing, aspires to enhance this efficiency by custom hardware. Particularly, NP hard graphical constraint optimization problems are solved by a network of stochastic binary neurons to form a Boltzmann Machine (BM). The implementation of stochastic neurons in hardware is a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate that the high to low resistance switching (set) process of a PrxCa1−xMnO3 (PCMO) based RRAM (Resistive Random Access Memory) is probabilistic. Additionally, the voltage-dependent probability distribution approximates a sigmoid function with 1.35%–3.5% error. Such a sigmoid function is required for a BM. Thus, the Analog Approximate Sigmoid (AAS) stochastic neuron is proposed to solve the maximum cut—an NP hard problem. It is compared with Digital Precision-controlled Sigmoid (DPS) implementation using (a) pure CMOS design and (b) hybrid (RRAM integrated with CMOS). The AAS design solves the problem with 98% accuracy, which is comparable with the DPS design but with 10× area and 4× energy advantage. Thus, ASIC neuro-processors based on novel analog neuromorphic devices based BM are promising for efficiently solving large scale NP hard optimization problems.
All-optical detection and evaluation of magnetic damping in synthetic antiferromagnet
Authors: Kamimaki Akira , Iihama Satoshi , Taniguchi Tomohiro , Mizukami Shigemi
Published: September 2019

Synthetic antiferromagnets (SyAFs), which consist of a thin nonmagnetic spacer sandwiched by two nanolayer ferromagnets with antiferromagnetic coupling, are promising artificial magnets for spintronic memory and have attracted attention for use in future ultrafast spintronics devices. Here, we report an observation of the magnetization dynamics in a SyAF with nearly antiparallel magnetizations using an all-optical pump-probe technique. High- and low-frequency precessional dynamics of the SyAF were clearly observed. The damping of both modes was explained theoretically in terms of the dynamic exchange coupling induced by the spin current.
Scanning transmission electron microscope mapping of electronic transport in polycrystalline BaTiO3 ceramic capacitors
Authors: Hubbard W. A. , Lingley Z. , Theiss J. , Sitzman S. , Ayvazian T. , Brodie M. , Foran B.
Published: September 2019

We report electronic transport mapping in a single dielectric layer of a polycrystalline BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) by electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements using a scanning transmission electron microscope. Ga+ focused ion beam-lift out techniques with organometallic Pt-deposition are used to extract and electrically connect to these devices while maintaining high (>gigaohm) resistance between electrodes. Different modes of EBIC are observed depending on device resistivity. We demonstrate the use of EBIC resulting from secondary electron emission as a method for performing resistance contrast imaging (RCI), with resistive grain boundaries appearing as steps in EBIC contrast. These RCI maps are also used to calculate the potential and electric field of the device under an arbitrary bias. A mix of high- and low-resistance ohmic as well as rectifying grain boundaries is observed. These results help to better establish the distribution of resistivities critical to the prevention of performance-limiting current leakage in MLCCs.
X-ray spectroscopy evidence for plasma shell formation in experiments modeling accretion columns in young stars
Authors: Filippov E. D. , Skobelev I. Yu. , Revet G. , Chen S. N. , Khiar B. , Ciardi A. , Khaghani D. , Higginson D. P. , Pikuz S. A. , Fuchs J.
Published: September 2019

Recent achievements in laboratory astrophysics experiments with high-power lasers have allowed progress in our understanding of the early stages of star formation. In particular, we have recently demonstrated the possibility of simulating in the laboratory the process of the accretion of matter on young stars [G. Revet et al., Sci. Adv. 3, e1700982 (2017)]. The present paper focuses on x-ray spectroscopy methods that allow us to investigate the complex plasma hydrodynamics involved in such experiments. We demonstrate that we can infer the formation of a plasma shell, surrounding the accretion column at the location of impact with the stellar surface, and thus resolve the present discrepancies between mass accretion rates derived from x-ray and optical-radiation astronomical observations originating from the same object. In our experiments, the accretion column is modeled by having a collimated narrow (1 mm diameter) plasma stream first propagate along the lines of a large-scale external magnetic field and then impact onto an obstacle, mimicking the high-density region of the stellar chromosphere. A combined approach using steady-state and quasi-stationary models was successfully applied to measure the parameters of the plasma all along its propagation, at the impact site, and in the structure surrounding the impact region. The formation of a hot plasma shell, surrounding the denser and colder core, formed by the incoming stream of matter is observed near the obstacle using x-ray spatially resolved spectroscopy.
Phosphorylation of mitochondrial matrix proteins regulates their selective mitophagic degradation
Authors: Kolitsida Panagiota , Zhou Jianwen , Rackiewicz Michal , Nolic Vladimir , Dengjel Jörn , Abeliovich Hagai
Published: September 2019

Significance

Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many age-related human pathologies. In normal cells, defective mitochondria are often degraded by mitophagy, a process in which these mitochondria are engulfed in autophagosomes and sent for degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. Surprisingly, studies on mitophagy in diverse eukaryotic organisms reveal an unexpected dimension of protein-level selectivity, wherein individual protein species exhibit divergent rates of mitophagic degradation. In this report, we show that this surprising intramitochondrial selectivity can be generated by differential phosphorylation of individual mitochondrial protein species, and we identify mitochondrial phosphatases and kinases that contribute to this regulation. By identifying a mechanism that regulates the intramitochondrial selectivity of mitophagic degradation, our findings open the door to potential manipulation of the quality-control process in the future.
The structure of the colorectal cancer-associated enzyme GalNAc-T12 reveals how nonconserved residues dictate its function
Authors: Fernandez Amy J. , Daniel Earnest James Paul , Mahajan Sai Pooja , Gray Jeffrey J. , Gerken Thomas A. , Tabak Lawrence A. , Samara Nadine L.
Published: September 2019

Polypeptide
N-
acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin type
O
-glycosylation by catalyzing the transfer of
N
-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to Ser or Thr on a protein substrate. Inactive and partially active variants of the isoenzyme GalNAc-T12 are present in subsets of patients with colorectal cancer, and several of these variants alter nonconserved residues with unknown functions. While previous biochemical studies have demonstrated that GalNAc-T12 selects for peptide and glycopeptide substrates through unique interactions with its catalytic and lectin domains, the molecular basis for this distinct substrate selectivity remains elusive. Here we examine the molecular basis of the activity and substrate selectivity of GalNAc-T12. The X-ray crystal structure of GalNAc-T12 in complex with a di-glycosylated peptide substrate reveals how a nonconserved GalNAc binding pocket in the GalNAc-T12 catalytic domain dictates its unique substrate selectivity. In addition, the structure provides insight into how colorectal cancer mutations disrupt the activity of GalNAc-T12 and illustrates how the rules dictating GalNAc-T12 function are distinct from those for other GalNAc-Ts.
Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Romieu Jules , Guinot Guillaume
Published: September 2019

Significance

Many lineages increase in diversity through time, and some of them eventually decline and get replaced. The causes of such diversity decline remain elusive and are especially difficult to understand over a long-time scale and global distribution. Relying on unprecedented species-level fossil datasets spanning the last 140 million years, we investigated the causes of the wax and wane of mackerel sharks (Lamniformes), including the great white shark. We find that both temperature and competition with some ecologically similar members of their sister group, the ground sharks, played a substantial role in the lamniform demise. Our results provide quantitative evidence that the Court Jester and Red Queen can jointly drive the radiation and extinction of entire lineages.
Parkinson’s disease-associated
iPLA2-VIA/
PLA2G6 regulates neuronal functions and α-synuclein stability through membrane remodeling
Authors: Mori Akio , Hatano Taku , Inoshita Tsuyoshi , Shiba-Fukushima Kahori , Koinuma Takahiro , Meng Hongrui , Kubo Shin-ichiro , Spratt Spencer , Cui Changxu , Yamashita Chikara , Miki Yoshimi , Yamamoto Kei , Hirabayashi Tetsuya , Murakami Makoto , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Shindou Hideo , Nonaka Takashi , Hasegawa Masato , Okuzumi Ayami , Imai Yuzuru , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: September 2019

Significance

The mechanisms of α-synuclein aggregation and subsequent Lewy body formation are a key pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
PARK14
-linked PD, which is caused by mutations of the
iPLA2-VIA/PLA2G6
gene, exhibits a marked Lewy body pathology.
iPLA2-VIA
, which belongs to the phospholipase A
2
family, is another causative gene of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Here, we demonstrate that iPLA2-VIA loss results in acyl-chain shortening in phospholipids, which affects ER homeostasis and neurotransmission and promotes α-synuclein aggregation. The administration of linoleic acid or the overexpression of C19orf12, one of the NBIA-causative genes, also suppresses the acyl-chain shortening by
iPLA2-VIA
loss. The rescue of
iPLA2-VIA
phenotypes by C19orf12 provides significant molecular insight into the underlying common pathogenesis of PD and NBIA.
Glioblastoma ablates pericytes antitumor immune function through aberrant up-regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Valdor Rut , García-Bernal David , Riquelme Dolores , Martinez Carlos M. , Moraleda Jose M. , Cuervo Ana Maria , Macian Fernando , Martinez Salvador
Published: September 2019

Significance

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain malignancy without an effective treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that tumor-induced change in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in host perivascular cells is a targetable process to prevent GB progression. CMA regulates pericyte interaction with tumor cells and sustains the acquired immunosuppressive function of pericytes, which is required for tumor survival. Blockage of CMA results in changes in the protein levels involved in cell-to-cell interaction and affects the pericyte secretory phenotype, resulting in defective GB adhesion and diminished tumor survival. This work reveals a previously unknown capacity of GB to modulate host pericyte CMA to assist in its own progression. Our results highlight the possibility of targeting CMA to treat this aggressive disease.
Phosphorylation of DEPDC5, a component of the GATOR1 complex, releases inhibition of mTORC1 and promotes tumor growth
Authors: Padi Sathish K. R. , Singh Neha , Bearss Jeremiah J. , Olive Virginie , Song Jin H. , Cardó-Vila Marina , Kraft Andrew S. , Okumura Koichi
Published: September 2019

Significance

The mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway plays a critical role in driving cancer growth. We have identified a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that controls mTORC1 activity in which Pim and AKT kinases, 2 enzymes with increased activity in cancer phosphorylate DEPDC5, a member of the GATOR1 complex that senses cellular amino acid levels. The critical nature of this substrate to the activity of these protein kinases is demonstrated by the fact that deletion or mutation of DEPDC5 partially blocks the ability of Pim and Pim plus AKT inhibitors to suppress tumor cell growth. Thus, protein kinases regulate the amino acid sensing cascade to control mTORC1 activity and tumor cell growth.
Mast cells are critical for controlling the bacterial burden and the healing of infected wounds
Authors: Zimmermann C. , Troeltzsch D. , Giménez-Rivera V. A. , Galli S. J. , Metz M. , Maurer M. , Siebenhaar F.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Mast cells are key effector cells of the innate immune system and have been shown to orchestrate host–defense responses against a variety of pathogens. In this report, we demonstrate the importance of mast cells for the control of bacterial wound infections, by which mast cell-derived IL-6 turns keratinocytes into better bacterial killers.
Observation of Rydberg exciton polaritons and their condensate in a perovskite cavity
Authors: Bao Wei , Liu Xiaoze , Xue Fei , Zheng Fan , Tao Renjie , Wang Siqi , Xia Yang , Zhao Mervin , Kim Jeongmin , Yang Sui , Li Quanwei , Wang Ying , Wang Yuan , Wang Lin-Wang , MacDonald Allan H. , Zhang Xiang
Published: September 2019

Significance

Rydberg excitons with high principal value exhibit strong dipole–dipole interactions. However, polaritons with an excitonic constituent that is an excited state, namely Rydberg exciton polaritons (REPs), have not yet been experimentally observed. Here, we observe the formation of REPs in a single crystal CsPbBr
3
perovskite cavity without any external fields. These polaritons exhibit strong nonlinear behavior that leads to a coherent polariton condensate with a prominent blue shift. Furthermore, the REPs in CsPbBr
3
are highly anisotropic and have a large extinction ratio, arising from the perovskite’s orthorhombic crystal structure.
Discovering long noncoding RNA predictors of anticancer drug sensitivity beyond protein-coding genes
Authors: Nath Aritro , Lau Eunice Y. T. , Lee Adam M. , Geeleher Paul , Cho William C. S. , Huang R. Stephanie
Published: September 2019

Significance

Identification of genomic biomarkers that predict response to anticancer agents is the central research problem of cancer precision medicine. While the vast majority of the human genome encodes long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as compared to protein-coding genes, thus far the characterization of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers has proved challenging. Here, we leverage data from large-scale cancer cell line screens to model response to hundreds of drugs as a function of lncRNA expression or somatic alteration. By carefully accounting for the confounding effects of tissue type, neighboring genes, and established biomarkers, the lncRNA models predict response to most drugs better than existing biomarkers. Thus, our framework can be applied for the discovery of lncRNAs as pharmacogenomic biomarkers in cancer research.
Inhibition of Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase activates pro-resolving lipid mediator biosynthesis and inflammation resolution
Authors: Körner Andreas , Zhou Enchen , Müller Christoph , Mohammed Yassene , Herceg Sandra , Bracher Franz , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Wang Yanan , Mirakaj Valbona , Giera Martin
Published: September 2019

Significance

Lipid metabolism is crucial to many (patho-)physiological processes, including inflammation. In particular, cholesterol biosynthesis has emerged as an exciting novel therapeutic target in numerous recent studies. Much is known about the early steps in cholesterol biosynthesis; however, the later steps have hitherto largely been neglected. Here, we investigated the druggability of distal cholesterol biosynthesis using a selective and potent chemical probe (SH42). This inhibition leads to the accumulation of the bioactive metabolite desmosterol, boosting the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the downstream production of antiinflammatory mediators. Our report integrates distal cholesterol biosynthesis and its intermediate desmosterol with endogenous PUFA biosynthesis and resolution of inflammation, rendering this pathway attractive for further developments in the context of proresolving therapies.
Filled pauses across proficiency levels, L1s and learning context variables
Authors: Götz Sandra
Published: September 2019

The present study investigates the use of filled pauses in theTrinity Lancaster Corpus Sampleby 1,244 learners/second-language speakers of English at different proficiency levels (viz. B1-C2) from six different mother-tongue backgrounds, including speech communities in which English is spoken as a Foreign language (Italy, Mexico, Russia and Spain) and two speech communities where English is spoken as a second language (China/Hong Kong, India). Apart from the speakers’ country of origin and their proficiency levels, other learning context variables gathered from the learner profiles of the corpus sample are also taken into consideration. The study revealed that, while the number of filled pauses is indeed significantly different across proficiency levels, other learning context variables, such as the country of origin, the age of acquisition or the examiners’ experience turn out to have a much stronger effect on the learners’/speakers’ use of filled pauses. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for learner corpus research in general, as well as the relevance of including such performance phenomena in current descriptor scales such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages in particular.
Holding up one’s end of the conversation in spoken English
Authors: Castello Erik , Gesuato1 Sara
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the use of lexical backchannels in the discourse of L2 English users sitting Trinity College London’s Graded Examinations in Spoken English (GESE). It is based on theTrinity Lancaster Corpus Sampleand explores the language produced during the Discussion, Conversation and Interactive tasks of the language examinations by L2 English users from Chinese, Indian and Italian linguistic backgrounds, whose proficiency ranges from the B2 to C2 levels (i.e. high intermediate, advanced, expert) of the CEFR. The findings suggest that the L2 users with an Italian background and to a lesser extent those with a Chinese background often supported their examiners’ turns with items conveying uncertainty, while those with an Indian background with items of certainty. Furthermore, the L1 Chinese speakers used lexical backchannels the most, especially those expressing surprise or request for confirmation, while the speakers from India used them the least. Implications for the assessment of oral proficiency are discussed.
An ally to the people: EU membership conditionality and Albanians’ attitudes toward EU membership
Authors: Peshkopia Ridvan
Published: September 2019

EU membership conditionality has been conceptualized as a dialogue between the EU and power elites of countries that aspire to join the Union. Research that inquire into the association between support for EU membership and conditions that the EU imposes on countries that aspire to join the Union remains scarce. Relying on data from a simple random sample of cellphone random digit dialing collected in summer 2015 in Albania, we found that people's view of EU membership conditionality as helping country's democratization firmly predicts support for their country's EU membership. Such a relationship outweighs respondents’ concerns of EU conditions encroachment upon country's sovereignty as well as their prioritizing of economic development, even though they might expect economic benefits from country's EU membership. Our findings suggest people's concerns over country's democratization to be the primary force behind their support for EU membership.
Ultracold collisions of polyatomic molecules: CaOH
Authors: Augustovičová Lucie D , Bohn John L
Published: September 2019

Ultracold collisions of the polyatomic species CaOH are considered, in internal states where the collisions should be dominated by long-range dipole–dipole interactions. The computed rate constants suggest that evaporative cooling can be quite efficient for these species, provided they start at temperatures achievable by laser cooling. The rate constants are shown to become more favorable for evaporative cooling as the electric field increases. Moreover, long-range dimer states (CaOH)

2

*

are predicated to occur, having lifetimes on the order of microseconds.
Chern insulator in a ferromagnetic two-dimensional electron system with Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Chang Rui-An , Chang Ching-Ray
Published: September 2019

We propose a Chern insulator in a two-dimensional electron system with Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling, ferromagnetism, and spin-dependent effective mass. The analytically-obtained topological phase diagrams show the topological phase transitions induced by tuning the magnetization orientation with the Chern number varying between 1, 0, −1. The magnetization orientation tuning shown here is a more practical way of triggering the topological phase transitions than manipulating the exchange coupling that is no longer tunable after the fabrication of the system. The analytic results are confirmed by the band structure and transport calculations, showing the feasibility of this theoretical proposal. With the advanced and mature semiconductor engineering today, this Chern insulator is very possible to be experimentally realized and also promising to topological spintronics.
One-shot entanglement distillation beyond local operations and classical communication
Authors: Regula Bartosz , Fang Kun , Wang Xin , Gu Mile
Published: September 2019

We study the task of entanglement distillation in the one-shot setting under different classes of quantum operations which extend the set of local operations and classical communication (LOCC). Establishing a general formalism which allows for a straightforward comparison of their exact achievable performance, we relate the fidelity of distillation under these classes of operations with a family of entanglement monotones and the rates of distillation with a class of smoothed entropic quantities based on the hypothesis testing relative entropy. We then characterise exactly the one-shot distillable entanglement of several classes of quantum states and reveal many simplifications in their manipulation. We show in particular that the ε-error one-shot distillable entanglement of any pure state is the same under all sets of operations ranging from one-way LOCC to separability-preserving operations or operations preserving the set of states with positive partial transpose, and can be computed exactly as a quadratically constrained linear program. We establish similar operational equivalences in the distillation of isotropic and maximally correlated states, reducing the computation of the relevant quantities to linear or semidefinite programs. We also show that all considered sets of operations achieve the same performance in environment-assisted entanglement distillation from any state.
Ultra-high-density local structure in liquid water*
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhang Chuanbiao , Ye Fangfu , Zhou Xin
Published: September 2019

We employ multiple order parameters to analyze the local structure of liquid water obtained from all-atom simulations, and accordingly identify three types of molecules in water. In addition to the well-known low-density-liquid and high-density-liquid molecules, the newly identified third type possesses an ultra-high density and over-coordinated H-bonds. The existence of this third type decreases the probability of transition of high-density-liquid molecules to low-density-liquid molecules and increases the probability of the reverse one.
Recent results on Heavy-Ion induced reactions of interest for 0νββ decay
Authors: Agodi C. , Cappuzzello F. , Acosta L. , Altana C. , Amador-Valenzuela P. , Auerbach N. , Barea J. , Bellone J.I. , Bijker R. , Bonanno D. , BorelloLewin T. , Boztosun I. , Branchina V. , Brasolin S. , Brischetto G. , Brunasso O. , Burrello S. , Calabrese S. , Calabretta L. , Calvo D. , Capirossi V. , Carbone D. , Cavallaro M. , Chen R. , Charon Garcia L.E. , Chávez Lomelí E.R. , Ciraldo I. , Colonna M. , D’Agostino G. , Djapo H. , De Geronimo G. , Delaunay F. , De Los Rios K. , Deshmukh N. , Ferraresi C. , Ferreira J.L. , Ferretti J. , Finocchiaro P. , Firat S. , Fisichella M. , Foti A. , Gallo G. , Garcia-Tecocoatzi H. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Huerta-Hernandez A. , Kotila J. , Kucuk Y. , Iazzi F. , La Fauci L. , Lanzalone G. , La Via F. , Lay J.A. , Lenske H. , Linares R. , Lo Presti D. , Lubian J. , Ma J. , Marín-Lámbarri D. , Mas Ruiz J. , Medina N. H. , Mendes D.R. , Mereu P. , Moralles M. , Neri L. , Oliveira J. R. B. , Pakou A. , Pandola L. , Petrascu H. , Pietralla N. , Pinna F. , Reito S. , Ries P. , Rodrigues M.R.D. , Russo A. D. , Russo G. , Santopinto E. , Santos R.B.B. , Serbina L. , Sgouros O. , da Silveira M.A.G. , Solakcı S.O. , Souliotis G. , Soukeras V. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Tudisco S. , Vsevolodovna R.I.M. , Vargas Hernandez H. , Wang J.S. , Werner V. , Yang Y.Y. , Yildirim A. , Zagatto for the NUMEN collaboration V.A.B.
Published: September 2019

An updated overview of recent results on Heavy-Ion induced reactions of interest for neutrinoless double beta decay is reported in the framework of the NUMEN project. The NUMEN idea is to study heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions with the aim to get information on the nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Moreover, to infer the neutrino average masses from the possible measurement of the half- life of 0νββ decay, the knowledge of the nuclear matrix elements is a crucial aspect.
Dark particle interpretation of the neutron decay anomaly
Authors: Fornal Bartosz , Grinstein Benjamin
Published: September 2019

There is a long-standing discrepancy between the neutron lifetime measured in beam and bottle experiments. We propose to explain this anomaly by a dark decay channel for the neutron, involving a dark sector particle in the final state. If this particle is stable, it can be the dark matter. Its mass is close to the neutron mass, suggesting a connection between dark and baryonic matter. In the most interesting scenario a monochromatic photon with energy in the range 0.782 MeV – 1.664 MeV and branching fraction 1% is expected in the final state. We construct representative particle physics models consistent with all experimental constraints.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel joints fabricated by cold metal transfer welding
Authors: Zhou Jie , Shen Junqi , Hu Shengsun , Zhao Guancheng , Wang Qian
Published: September 2019

AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel joints were fabricated using ER308L austenitic filler metal via cold metal transfer welding technique. The weld metal consisted of ferrite and austenite, and the heat affected zone (HAZ) can be divided into coarse and fine grain zones. The precipitation of carbides, the formation of martensites at ferrite grain boundaries (intergranular martensites) and the growth of ferrite grains occurred in the coarse grain zone of HAZ. The content of intergranular martensite and precipitated carbide increases with the increase of heat input. The microhardness values increased from the weld metal to the coarse grain zone of HAZ, and decreased significantly in the fine grain zone. The increase of microhardness value from the weld metal to the coarse grain zone of HAZ is mainly due to the formation of a large amount of intergranular martensite and intragranular carbides. The microhardness of the base metal was lower than that of weld metal and HAZ. The welded joints showed good tensile properties and the fracture was located at the base metal for all samples. The fracture surface with uniformly distributed dimples indicated the typical ductile fracture feature.
Transactivation of SOX5 by Brachyury promotes breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Chen Ming , Zou Shitao , He Chao , Zhou Jundong , Li Suoyuan , Shen Minghong , Cheng Rulei , Wang Donglai , Zou Tianming , Yan Xueqi , Huang Ying , Shen Jun
Published: September 2019

The bone marrow has been long known to host a unique environment amenable to colonization by metastasizing tumor cells. Yet, the underlying molecular interactions which give rise to the high incidence of bone metastasis (BM) in breast cancer patients have long remained uncharacterized. In our study, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that Brachyury (Bry) could promote breast cancer BM. Bry drives epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes breast cancer aggressiveness. As an EMT driver, SOX5 involves in breast cancer metastasis and the specific function in BM. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed SOX5 is a direct downstream target gene of Bry. ChIP analysis and reporter assays identified two Bry-binding motifs; one consistent with the classic conserved binding sequence and the other a new motif sequence. This study demonstrates for the first time that Bry promotes breast cancer cells BM through activating SOX5. In clinical practice, targeting the Bry-Sox5-EMT pathway is evolving into a promising avenue for the prevention of bone metastatic relapse, therapeutic resistance and other aspects of breast cancer progression.

Brachyury directly regulates the expression of SOX5 by binding to two motifs in its promoter region. The Bry-SOX5-EMT pathway may represent a potential target to develop treatments to prevent and treat bone metastasis from breast cancer.