bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Social Policies on Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing
Authors: Plotnick Robert D.
Published: July 2018

The services and incentives provided by social policies significantly affect teenage pregnancy and childbearing outcomes. Policies that offer tangible family-planning services and that improve access to and affordability of abortion have stronger, more consistent effects on teenage sexual behavior than do those that focus on changing personal attitudes and values. Higher welfare benefits may provide an incentive for pregnant teenagers to forgo marriage. Policies that improve teenagers' educational and earnings opportunities appear to contribute indirectly toward reducing teenage pregnancy and childbearing. This effect likely arises because better economic prospects lead teenagers to believe that they have something to lose by becoming parents, thus motivating them to defer having children.
High-Risk Children and Adolescents: Family and Community Environments
Authors: Freeman Edith M. , Dyer Larry
Published: July 2018

Developmental factors, family problems such as substance abuse, and other environmental variables, including violence, greatly affect the adjustment and coping of children and youth. Such variables can result in inaccurate assessments and diagnoses when young people are viewed in isolation from their situations and environments and when adult-oriented diagnostic tools are utilized. The authors describe the use of clinical interviews to provide more accurate diagnoses and strengths-oriented assessments for children and youth who receive case-management services from mental health centers. Implications for prevention and treatment are discussed.
Welfare and the “Reform” of Women
Authors: Axinn June M. , Hirsch Amy E.
Published: July 2018

Low-income women and the welfare system are under attack by liberals and conservatives, academicians and politicians. “Welfare reform” proposals include cutting benefits unless women pay rent, bear no children while receiving benefits, and ensure that their children attend school and receive vaccinations. Although these reforms are couched in the language of fiscal responsibility and control, the authors argue that the underlying purpose behind such policies is reform of women, not reform of welfare.
Empowering Families of Adolescents and Adults with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: McCallion Philip , Toseland Ronald W.
Published: July 2018

Social work interventions with persons with developmental disabilities and their families often take a pathological approach by labeling children and parents. Although families with a child or young adult with a develop' mental disability experience, many stresses, they also experience joys and bring their own strengths and skills to the caregiving situation. The authors review the stresses of caregiving and the strengths of families and present a case study that highlights a model for social work services that addresses these issues.
How wide is the Goldilocks Zone in your health system?
Authors: Ziebland Sue , Rasmussen Birgit , MacArtney John , Hajdarevic Senada , Sand Andersen Rikke
Published: July 2018

In astrophysics, the ‘Goldilocks Zone’ describes the circumstellar habitable zone, in which planets, sufficiently similar to Earth, could support human life. The children’s story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, one of the most popular fairy tales in the English language, uses this metaphor to describe conditions for life that are neither too hot nor too cold and neither too close to the sun nor too far from its warmth. We propose that the ‘Goldilocks Zone’ also offers an apt metaphor for the struggle that people face when deciding if and when to consult a health care provider with a possible health problem. Drawing on decades of research in Denmark, England and Sweden on people’s accounts of their experiences of accessing health care, this essay considers the ambivalence of health care seeking that individuals face in identifying when it is ‘just right’ to consult a general practitioner and the steps that health systems and individual clinicians might take to widen the zone.
Nonsurgical Treatment of De Quervain Tenosynovitis: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Ippolito Joseph A. , Hauser Spencer , Patel Jay , Vosbikian Michael , Ahmed Irfan
Published: July 2018

Background: De Quervain tenosynovitis is commonly seen in patients who perform repetitive wrist ulnar deviation with thumb abduction and extension. Previous studies comparing nonsurgical options have contributed to a lack of consensus about ideal management. This study’s purpose was to analyze results in prospectively randomized patients treated with either corticosteroid injection (CSI) alone versus CSI with immobilization. Methods: Radial sided wrist pain, first dorsal compartment tenderness, and positive Finkelstein test were used to define De Quervain. Pain score of 4 or higher on a visual analog scale (VAS) was utilized for inclusion. Following exclusion criteria, patients underwent randomization into groups: (1) CSI alone; or (2) CSI with 3 weeks of immobilization. We followed at 3 weeks and 6 months for further evaluation, where resolution of symptoms and improvements in VAS and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were assessed to evaluate treatment success. Results: Nine patients with CSI alone and 11 patients with CSI and immobilization were followed. At 6 months in both groups, patients experienced significant improvement in VAS and DASH scores, while 88% of patients with CSI alone and 73% of patients with CSI and immobilization experienced complete resolution of at least 2 out of 3 of their pretreatment symptoms. Between groups, outcomes were comparable except for resolution of radial-sided wrist pain, which was superior in patients with CSI alone (100% vs 64%). Conclusions: Immobilization following injection increases costs, may hinder activities of daily living, and did not contribute to improved patient outcomes in this study. Further prospective studies are warranted.
The effect of a foot care camp on diabetic foot care knowledge and the behaviours of individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hadi Sulistyo Angger Anugerah , Sae Sia Wipa , Maneewat Khomapak
Published: July 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a foot care (FC) camp to enhance diabetic foot care knowledge (DFCK) and diabetic foot care behaviours (DFCB) among diabetic participants in Indonesia.

Methods

A two-group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was used in this study. A total of 72 participants completed a 5-week programme. The participants’ DFCK and DFCB were examined in the fifth week using the Modified Diabetic Foot Care Knowledge (MDFCK) and the Modified Diabetic Foot Care Behaviours (MDFCB) questionnaires. Data were analysed by descriptive and independent t-tests.

Results

The mean score of DFCK (DFCK and DFCB in this study represent the score of knowledge and behaviors which gathered from MDFCK and MDFCB's questionnaires) in the experimental group after completing the FC camp was significantly better than that in the control group ( p < .001). Similarly, the mean score of DFCB in the experimental group after completing the FC camp was significantly better than that in the control group ( p < .001).

Conclusions

The FC camp was found to enhance DFCK and DFCB among diabetic patients. Therefore, this programme can be utilised for nursing practice in order to prevent diabetic foot ulcers and foot amputation.
Nurse-led extubation in the post-anaesthesia care unit
Authors: Sonneborn Olivia , Robers Gill
Published: July 2018

Weaning of mechanical ventilation occurs in intensive care units by nurses, which stimulates the prospect of nurse-led extubation extending into the PACU environment for improved patient outcomes and reduced demand of hospital resources. Nurse-led patient extubation in the PACU, would involve specially trained nurses weaning mechanical ventilation via an established protocol for a specific patient group, prior to the patient being extubated by an anaesthetist or intensivist.
Control Limitations in Models of T1DM and the Robustness of Optimal Insulin Delivery
Authors: Townsend Christopher , Seron Maria M. , Goodwin Graham C. , King Bruce R.
Published: July 2018

Background:

In insulin therapy, the blood glucose level is constrained from below by the hypoglycemic threshold, that is, the blood glucose level must remain above this threshold. It has been shown that this constraint fundamentally limits the ability to lower the maxima of the blood glucose level predicted by many mathematical models of glucose metabolism. However, it is desirable to minimize hyperglycemia as well. Hence, a desirable insulin input is one that minimizes the maximum glucose concentration while causing it to remain above the hypoglycemic, or higher, threshold. It has been shown that this input, which we call optimal, is characterized by glucose profiles for which either each maximum of the glucose concentration is followed by a minimum or each minimum is followed by a maximum.

Methods:

We discuss the implication of this inherent control limitation for clinical practice and test, through simulation, the robustness of the optimal input to a number of different model and parameter uncertainties. We further develop guidelines on how to design an optimal insulin input that is robust to such uncertainties.

Results:

The optimal input is in general not robust to uncertainties. However, a number of strategies may be used to ensure the blood glucose level remains above the hypoglycemic threshold and the maximum blood glucose level achieved is less than that achieved by standard therapy.

Conclusions:

An understanding of the limitations on the controllability of the blood glucose level is important for future treatment improvements and the development of artificial pancreas systems.
Determinants of Earnings Persistence and Predictability for Lodging Properties
Authors: Canina Linda , Potter Gordon
Published: July 2018

Accounting earnings are used extensively in the lodging industry for the purposes of incentive contracting, credit assessment, and valuation but we know little about the attributes of lodging properties’ accounting earnings and their determinants. Two important attributes of accounting earnings are persistence and predictability, which have been identified as key components of sustainable earnings. In this study, we examine a sample for lodging properties over a lengthy time-period to investigate the property-specific determinants of the persistence and predictability of lodging properties’ earnings. We find that barriers to entry, measured by the relative amount of marketing expenditures, have a positive impact on these earnings attributes. We also find that revenue diversification has a positive effect on these attributes, presumably through its impact on earnings stability. Finally, we find that resource rigidity, as measured by operating leverage and labor intensity, have a consistent dampening impact on persistence and predictability.
Assumed Lighting Direction in the Interpretation of Cast Shadows
Authors: Koizumi Tomomi , Ito Hiroyuki , Sunaga Shoji , Ogawa Masaki , Tomimatsu Erika
Published: July 2018

Assumed lighting direction in cast-shadow interpretation was investigated. Experiment 1 used an ambiguous object–shadow-matching task to measure bias in shadow-matching direction. The shadow-matching bias was largest when the lighting direction was on average 38.3° left from above (a median of 25.1°). Experiment 2 tested the effect of body posture (head orientation) on cast-shadow interpretation using stimuli aligned in a head-centrically vertical or horizontal orientation. The below-shadow (light-from-above) bias in the head-centric frame was robust across the sitting upright, reclining-on-the-left-side, reclining-on-the-right-side, and supine conditions. A right-shadow (light-from-left) bias in the head-centric frame was found for the sitting upright and reclining-on-the-right-side conditions. In the reclining-on-the-left-side condition, shadow biases to the gravitational below direction and head-centric right direction may have cancelled each other out. These results are consistent with findings from previous shape-from-shading studies, suggesting that the same light-source assumption is applied to shading and shadow interpretations.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Choroidal Thickness in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion With and Without Cystoid Macular Edema
Authors: Thompson Atalie C. , Thomas Akshay S. , Rothman Adam L. , Berry Duncan , Fekrat Sharon
Published: July 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods:

Retrospective cohort of 104 subjects with enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography for unilateral CRVO. Mean CT and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared in eyes with and without CRVO and in eyes with CRVO with and without cystoid macular edema (CME).

Results:

CT was thicker in eyes with CRVO-related CME than uninvolved contralateral eyes at baseline (263.9 ± 86.9 versus 230.2 ± 87.9 µm; P < .001) and final follow-up (261.1 ± 94.7 versus 222.3 ± 86.2 µm; P = .007). CRVO eyes treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor with or without steroid therapy showed a significant reduction in CT at final follow-up (256.3 ± 90.7 versus 236.9 ± 85.9 µm; P = .004). Subjects with CRVO who were not treated with intravitreal injections also showed a significant but more modest decline in CT over time (234.4 ± 94.2 versus 221.5 ± 97.1 µm; N = 31; P = .02). However, contralateral uninvolved eyes without CRVO did not show a significant change in CT over time (233.3 ± 87.9 versus 219.5 ± 90.6 µm; N = 71; P = .40). Persistent CME at final follow-up was associated with thicker baseline (277.6 ± 96.4 versus 235.1 ± 86.5 µm; P = .02) and final CT (265.7 ± 93.4 versus 215.0 ± 82.1 µm; P = .005). Change in CT was not related to change in BCVA ( P > .05).

Conclusions:

CT was greater in eyes with CRVO-related CME compared to eyes with CRVO but no CME and compared to uninvolved contralateral eyes. CT decreased in eyes with CRVO over time both among eyes that received intravitreal injections and among eyes that did not receive injections. CT may be a prognosticator of treatment response in CRVO-related CME.
Genetic and epigenetic evolution as a contributor to WT1-mutant leukemogenesis
Authors: Pronier Elodie , Bowman Robert L. , Ahn Jihae , Glass Jacob , Kandoth Cyriac , Merlinsky Tiffany R. , Whitfield Justin T. , Durham Benjamin H. , Gruet Antoine , Hanasoge Somasundara Amritha Varshini , Rampal Raajit , Melnick Ari , Koche Richard P. , Taylor Barry S. , Levine Ross L.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Wt1 heterozygous loss enhanced stem cell self-renewal in an age-dependent manner. Wt1-haploinsufficient leukemias require additional events to promote hematopoietic transformation.
Altered Fc galactosylation in IgG4is a potential serum marker for chronic lung disease
Authors: Heyder Tina , Wiklundh Emil , Eklund Anders , James Anna , Dahlén Sven-Erik , Grunewald Johan , Zubarev Roman A. , Lundström Susanna L.
Published: July 2018

Characterising chronic lung diseases is challenging. New, less invasive diagnostics are needed to decipher disease pathologies and subphenotypes. Fc galactosylation is known to affect IgG function, and is altered in autoimmune disorders and under other pathological conditions. We tested how well Fc glycans in IgG from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum correlated, and if the Fc glycan profile could reveal pulmonary inflammation.

A shotgun proteomics approach was used to profile Fc glycans in serum and BALF of controls (n=12) and sarcoidosis phenotypes (Löfgren's syndrome (LS), n=11; and non-LS, n=12). Results were further validated in severe asthma (SA) (n=20) and published rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient data (n=13) including clinical information.

Intra-individually, Fc-galactosylation status of IgG1(R2=0.87) and IgG4(R2=0.95) correlated well between matrixes. Following GlycoAge-index correction, the ratio between agalactosylated and digalactosylated Fc glycans of IgG4could distinguish sarcoidosis and SA from healthy and RA subjects with a mean±searea under the curve (AUC) of 78±6%. The AUC increased to 83±6% using the more chronic lung disease types (non-LS and SA) and most strikingly, to 87±6% for the SA subgroup.

The results indicate that the Fc galactosylation status of IgG4is a potential blood test marker for chronic lung inflammation.
Implementing an infection control and prevention program decreases the incidence of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic resistance in a Russian neuro-ICU
Authors: Ershova Ksenia , Savin Ivan , Kurdyumova Nataliya , Wong Darren , Danilov Gleb , Shifrin Michael , Alexandrova Irina , Sokolova Ekaterina , Fursova Nadezhda , Zelman Vladimir , Ershova Olga
Published: July 2018

Background

The impact of infection prevention and control (IPC) programs in limited resource countries such as Russia are largely unknown due to a lack of reliable data. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of an IPC program with respect to healthcare associated infection (HAI) prevention and to define the incidence of HAIs in a Russian ICU.

Methods

A pioneering IPC program was implemented in a neuro-ICU at Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute in 2010 and included hand hygiene, surveillance, contact precautions, patient isolation, and environmental cleaning measures. This prospective observational cohort study lasted from 2011 to 2016, included high-risk ICU patients, and evaluated the dynamics of incidence, etiological spectrum, and resistance profile of four types of HAIs, including subgroup analysis of device-associated infections. Survival analysis compared patients with and without HAIs.

Results

We included 2038 high-risk patients. By 2016, HAI cumulative incidence decreased significantly for respiratory HAIs (36.1% vs. 24.5%, p-value = 0.0003), urinary-tract HAIs (29.1% vs. 21.3%, p-value = 0.0006), and healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (HAVM) (16% vs. 7.8%, p-value = 0.004). The incidence rate of EVD-related HAVM dropped from 22.2 to 13.5 cases per 1000 EVD-days. The proportion of invasive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to carbapenems decreased 1.7 and 2 fold, respectively. HAVM significantly impaired survival and independently increasing the probability of death by 1.43.

Conclusions

The implementation of an evidence-based IPC program in a middle-income country (Russia) was highly effective in HAI prevention with meaningful reductions in antibiotic resistance.
Non-prescribed sale of antibiotics for acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in community pharmacies: a 2 phase mixed-methods study
Authors: Erku Daniel Asfaw , Aberra Sisay Yifru
Published: July 2018

Background

Although prohibited by law and legal regulatory frameworks, non-prescribed sale of antibiotics in community medicine retail outlets (CMROs) remains a serious problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to document the extent of and motivations behind non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

Methods

A 2 phase mixed-methods study (a simulated patient visit followed by an in-depth interview) was conducted among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Two clinical case scenarios (acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection) were presented and the practice of non-prescribed sale were measured and results were reported as percentages. Pharmacy staff (pharmacists and pharmacy assistants) were interviewed to examine factors/motivations behind dispensing antibiotics without a valid prescription.

Results

Out of 100 simulated visits (50 each scenarios) presented to drug retail outlets, 86 cases (86%) were provided with one or more medications. Of these, 18 (20.9%) asked about past medical and medication history and only 7 (8.1%) enquired about the patient’s history of drug allergy. The most frequently dispensed medication for acute childhood diarrhoea simulation were oral rehydration fluid (ORS) with zinc (n = 16) and Metronidazole (n = 15). Among the dispensed antibiotics for upper respiratory infection simulation, the most common was Amoxicillin (n = 23) followed by Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid capsule (n = 19) and Azithromycin (n = 15). Perceived financial benefit, high expectation and/or demand of customers and competition among pharmacies were cited as the main drivers behind selling antibiotics without a prescription.

Conclusions

A stringent law and policy enforcement regarding the sale of antibiotics without a valid prescription should be in place. This will ultimately help to shift the current pharmacy practices from commercial and business-based interests/practices to the provision of primary healthcare services to the community.
Biobank integration of large‐scale clinical and histopathology melanoma studies within the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center
Authors: Malm Johan , Sugihara Yutaka , Szasz Marcell , Kwon Ho Jeong , Lindberg Henrik , Appelqvist Roger , Marko‐Varga György
Published: July 2018

We present the Cancer Moonshot clinical project located at the European center in Lund. Here, tissue and blood samples have been collected and stored in a large‐scale biobank. Multiple clinical centers around the world are participating and tissue and blood samples are sent to the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center that acts as the clinical hub. Our center has been developed to generate and build large‐scale biostorage archives of patient melanoma samples, which is then combined with a histopathological capability to characterize the patient tumours. Such a large‐scale clinical sample processing initiative has begun with the aim of creating high‐end histopathology indexing with database computational power and including proteogenomic analysis. The biobank at Lund has become an important resource in clinical research worldwide. Following suite, several national health programs are being initiated with the aim of also building large‐scale biobank storages with a wealth of high‐quality patient samples. In our Cancer Moonshot R&D activities, samples in the biobanks and the data derived from these samples are being used to build an understanding of disease presentation and using this information to move towards ‘Big Data’ proteogenomic and mass spectrometry imaging studies. Additionally, we report here a sample processing workflow that has been adapted to a fully‐automated biobank processing strategy for large‐scale studies.
Directional characteristics evaluation of silhouette-based gait recognition
Authors: Shigeki Yui , Okura Fumio , Mitsugami Ikuhisa , Hayashi Kenichi , Yagi Yasushi
Published: July 2018

Gait is an important biometric trait for identifying individuals. The use of inputs from multiple or moving cameras offers a promising extension of gait recognition methods. Personal authentication systems at building entrances, for example, can utilize multiple cameras installed at appropriate positions to increase their authentication accuracy. In such cases, it is important to identify effective camera positions to maximize gait recognition performance, but it is not yet clear how different viewpoints affect recognition performance. This study determines the relationship between viewpoint and gait recognition performance to construct standards for selecting an appropriate view for gait recognition using multiple or moving cameras. We evaluate the gait features generated from 3D pedestrian shapes to visualize the directional characteristics of recognition performance.
An multi-scale learning network with depthwise separable convolutions
Authors: Wang Gaihua , Yuan Guoliang , Li Tao , Lv Meng
Published: July 2018

We present a simple multi-scale learning network for image classification that is inspired by the MobileNet. The proposed method has two advantages: (1) It uses the multi-scale block with depthwise separable convolutions, which forms multiple sub-networks by increasing the width of the network while keeping the computational resources constant. (2) It combines the multi-scale block with residual connections and that accelerates the training of networks significantly. The experimental results show that the proposed method has strong performance compared to other popular models on different datasets.
What determines the metabolic cost of human running across a wide range of velocities?
Authors: Kipp Shalaya , Grabowski Alena M. , Kram Rodger
Published: July 2018

The cost of generating force hypothesis proposes that the metabolic rate during running is determined by the rate of muscle force development (1/tc, tc=contact time) and the volume of active leg muscle. A previous study assumed a constant recruited muscle volume and reported that the rate of force development alone explained ∼70% of the increase in metabolic rate for human runners across a moderate velocity range (2-4 m s−1). We hypothesized that over a wider range of velocities, the effective mechanical advantage (EMA) of the lower limb joints would overall decrease, necessitating a greater volume of active muscle recruitment. Ten high-caliber male human runners ran on a force-measuring treadmill at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 km hr−1 while we analyzed their expired air to determine metabolic rates. We measured ground reaction forces and joint kinematics to calculate contact time and estimate active muscle volume. From 8 to 18 km hr−1, metabolic rate increased 131% from 9.28 to 21.44 W kg−1. Contact time (tc) decreased from 0.280 sec to 0.190 sec, and thus the rate of force development (1/tc) increased by 48%. Ankle EMA decreased by 19.7±11%, knee EMA increased by 11.1±26.9% and hip EMA decreased by 60.8±11.8%. Estimated active muscle volume per leg increased 52.8% from 1663±152 cm3 to 2550±169 cm3. Overall, 98% of the increase in metabolic rate across the velocity range was explained by just two factors: the rate of generating force and the volume of active leg muscle.
Inversion of Odd-Even Effect Observed in the Crystal Structure of ω-Cyclohexylalkylammonium-[Ni(dmit)2]− Salts
Authors: Kakihara Shunta , Saeki Masahiro , Ichimura Shuhei , Tamaki Yoshinori , Miyamura Kazuo
Published: July 2018

A previously reported odd-even effect is found to invert by substituting a phenyl with a cyclohexyl group. Crystal structures of [Ni(dmit)2]− complex salts of ω-cyclohexylalkyltrimethylammonium (CncHx; n = 1–5) are revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Alternant stacks are found in all complex salts, but some differences are found in each crystal structure. Terminal cyclohexyl groups adopt chair conformation in the series, and alkylene chains adopt all-trans conformation. Ion pairs found in these crystals are classified by the angle between cations and anions. In these series, odd-even effect is observed in cation length, anion length, Ni-Ni distance and the angle of cation and anion. These are different from the case of terminal methyl and phenyl groups previously reported, indicating that odd-even effect depends on the terminal substituent.
About the Sociolect of Lunfardo: Taxon And Usage
Authors: Ю Елена , Yu Elena
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the description of the sociolect lunfardo: its origin, widespreading and influence on modern Argentine society. In this aspect, the structural components of the lexicon and the assimilation of borrowings are considered. Some examples, related to the content characterizing the lunfardo-speakers and their actual occupations and activities, are illustrated (after having been sorted out from the electronic Dictionary of Lunfardo). In addition, tango is represented as a core symbol in the Latin dancing culture and the mechanism that promoted folk traditions, including on the basis of sociolinguistic factors. The material analyzed is seen a set of a picturesque palette for further relevant interdisciplinary studies with different approaches.
Method of Student Training to Managing Communication Projects
Authors: Корнилова Виктория , Kornilova Victoria
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the development of methods for teaching students — future communicators.This technique allows the successful management of communication projects.According to the researcher, special attention should be paid to issues related to the creation of pedagogical conditions for its implementation, which is a consequence of the teacher’s purposeful activity.The features of managing communication projects of future advertising managers and public relations are disclosed.The results of experimental and experimental work on the implementation of the teaching methodology in the university are described.
Psychosemantics of Lies: Passive and Active Methods For the Detection of Deception In Interpersonal Communication
Authors: Черников М. , Chernikov M. , Жучков Д. , Zhuchkov D. , Жучкова А. , Zhuchkova A.
Published: July 2018

The article presents a modern scientific approach to the problem of detecting lies in interpersonal communication. Human activities lie under the cognitive regulation of the two main systems, the so-called “System 1” and “System 2”. The interaction between the systems mentioned lies in the core of the analysis presented. Certain incoherence in behavioral manifestations of these two systems can serve as an indicator of the deception presence in interpersonal communication. In the light of the approach proposed, specific techniques for detecting lies are considered, which, according to the criterion of using special means that provoke a conflict between System 1 and System 2, are subdivided into passive and active variants. A discussion and a critical analysis of the techniques used to detect lies are being conducted. In the concluding part of the article, appropriate conclusions are drawn.
Hidden Sense In Polycode Texts
Authors: Нестерова Т. , Nesterova T.
Published: July 2018

The article reveals the content of the concepts of “hidden meaning”, “social advertising”, “polycode (creolized) text”; “contextual-situational indirect speech acts”; analyzes examples of the contextual-situational indirect speech acts functioning in the discourse of social advertising; decodes hidden meanings arising from their use in polycode advertising texts.
Functional Approach In Teaching the Grammar of a Foreign Language
Authors: Несова Н. , Nesova N.
Published: July 2018

The objective need of modern society is to find the best ways to organize the educational process, rational options for teaching content and its structure. Strengthening the communicative orientation in teaching foreign languages is reflected, among other things, in the approach to learning grammar. At present, it is not just a matter of knowing the language, but of being able to use it in real communication, i.e. on the practical knowledge of t2he language and, consequently, on the development of “communicative competence”. At the same time, grammatical skills take a leading place in the process of achieving this goal. The problem of methods in teaching the grammatical side of speech seems to be one of the most urgent. It is necessary to use such methods of teaching the grammatical side of speech that would meet modern requirements. One such method is functional. The article presents a systematic description of the strategy of functionally directed learning to the grammatical side of speech; provides a rationale for the leading role of communicative competence in achieving the goal of practical knowledge of a foreign language and language competence, its component part — grammar.
Foreign Sports Journalism: State And Prospects (View From Post-Olympic Sochi)
Authors: Ровинская Ю. , Rovinskaya Yu.
Published: July 2018

The research paper is based on the communicative and analytical approach making it possible to treat sports as a media system and to formulate its laws. The author does not only interpret the regulations of information perception and transmission, but also analyses the models of sports events comprehension on the semiotic level. The process of different level semiotic subsystems (visual and verbal) is considered. Sports media communication is regarded as structural and pragmatic system reflecting the specificity of its components and means of influencing the audience. The efficiency of the two-stage influence model in the sports field is emphasized. Sports is viewed on the communicative level with its specific implicit principles of functioning. The bases of tactics and strategy complex of sports events participants in the format of modern sporting mass media are researched. The reasons and forms of blurring the boundaries of sports journalism genre abroad at modern stage and transformation of its status — transition from the sports field to the game and politics sphere — are analyzed.
DIREITO PENAL INTERNACIONAL, ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL E O PROBLEMA DA MITIGAÇÃO DA SOBERANIA NA PERSECUÇÃO DOS CRIMES INTERNACIONAIS PRÓPRIOS
Authors: De Oliveira Marcus Vinícius Xavier
Published: July 2018

No presente trabalho são discutidos os temas relativos à internacionalização do direito penal, a consolidação da justiça internacional na persecução dos crimes internacionais próprios – através dos Tribunais Penais Internacionais (direct enforcement) ou da jurisdição universal (indirect enforcement) – e o problema da relação entre soberania e jurisdição penal internacional, tencionando solucionar a possível controvérsia entre aquela consolidação e uma possível mitigação da soberania estatal. Esta solução é encontrada em dois polos distintos: de um lado, o contínuo progresso da justiça internacional tende a mitigar a jurisdição penal dos Estados em relação à anterior exclusividade para a persecução dos crimes internacionais; de outro lado, este progresso ainda está condicionado à cooperação dos Estados, sem a qual a justiça internacional não logra eficácia, donde o dever de os Estados cooperarem internacionalmente para se enfrentar o problema da impunidade dos crimes contra a humanidade.
Ações Afirmativas no combate ao racismo: uma análise da recente experiência brasileira de promoção políticas públicas
Authors: Santos Renato Emerson dos
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa a recente experiência brasileira de políticas de ação afirmativa, que tem centralidade na criação da SEPPIR (Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, com status de Ministério) em 2003, mas que vem sendo amadurecida desde a década de 1980. Compreende as ações afirmativas como uma nova forma de ação do Movimento Negro, e uma nova relação deste com o Estado e a sociedade brasileira, na qual o movimento insere na agenda pública a necessidade de políticas públicas, questionando a ideologia oficial da democracia racial. A pluralidade organizativa e de formas de ação do movimento, diante do holismo dos mecanismos do racismo, fazem proliferar políticas em múltiplos campos. A partir de um olhar sobre estas experiências, bem como do diálogo com a literatura, propomos agrupar estas políticas por modalidade de foco, em cinco tipos: Políticas Repressivas; Políticas de Valorização; Políticas de Combate Direto a Desigualdades; Políticas de Ampliação de espaços de Interlocução/Representatividade Política; e Políticas de Combate ao Racismo Institucional.
BIOTESTAMENTO: APONTAMENTOS ACERCA DA EXPERIÊNCIA ITALIANA A LUZ DO PROJETO DE LEI Nº 1142/2017
Authors: Iuliano de Souza Anna Paula , Obregón Marcelo Fernando Quiroga
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo pretende demonstrar a experiência italiana no que se refere aos instrumentos jurídicos de autodeterminação do paciente nas escolhas de fim de vida, a luz do Projeto de Lei italiano nº 1142/2017, relativo à regulamentação do denominado biotestamento, aprovado em abril de 2017 na Câmara dos Deputados e, atualmente, em discussão no Senado italiano. A proposta de introduzir no ordenamento jurídico italiano o instituto do biotestamento se apresenta relevante a partir de casos concretos, de elevada exposição pública, que reacendem os debates sobre o direito de autodeterminação. Interessa, portanto, ao presente artigo, percorrer a discussão entorno do referido projeto de lei, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, pontuando conceitos e debates que gravitam a temática, dentro da ótica de autores italianos e de instituições interessadas no tema.
Análise Econômica do Direito como elemento concretizador da Teoria Estruturante do Direito
Authors: Mendonça Maria Lírida Calou de Araújo e , Silva Filho Arnaldo Coelho da , Oliveira Júnior Vicente de Paulo Augusto de
Published: July 2018

A presente pesquisa objetivou demonstrar a possibilidade de interseção entre a Teoria Estruturante do Direito e a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED). Realizada por intermédio de uma metodologia lógico-dedutiva pautada em revisão bibliográfica, de forma qualitativa, verificou-se que, desde a evolução doutrinária do movimento positivista ao pós-positivista, a utilização da Análise Econômica do Direito tornou-se ferramenta fundamental para a concretização da Teoria Estruturante do Direito, com, inclusive, complementação de suas características em torno de um Direito eficiente nos casos cujos recursos sejam escassos e limitados. Concluiu-se que a AED poderá ser aplicada como elemento dogmático do âmbito da norma da Teoria Estruturante do Direito, enquanto auxiliar que possibilita a concretização da melhor norma de decisão, especialmente pela possibilidade de previsão da análise normativa.
DESAFIOS DO SINDICALISMO NA SOCIEDADE GLOBALIZADA
Authors: Renk Janaina Eloise , Olsson Giovanni
Published: July 2018

Este estudo objetiva a compreensão dos desafios da atuação dos sindicatos na sociedade contemporânea na era da globalização. O trabalho analisa o fenômeno da globalização e seus impactos no mundo do trabalho, com as profundas transformações do capitalismo avançado em toda a sociedade internacional. Em todo o mundo, as formas de organização da produção e do trabalho mudaram profundamente, criando uma realidade até então inédita. Além disso, o estudo investiga a representação dos sindicatos e os instrumentos coletivos utilizados por eles no direito brasileiro. O Brasil possui um modelo sindical que não admite a pluralidade sindical e permanece inalterado ao longo dos últimos mais de 70 anos, em descompasso com as grandes alterações econômicas e sociais do início do século XXI.  O trabalho, por fim, também analisa as tendências do protagonismo dos sindicatos na atual sociedade globalizada. Os sindicatos constituem importantes atores na afirmação de direitos políticos, sociais e econômicos das categorias que eles representam. A principal conclusão do estudo é de que a maior efetividade da atuação dos sindicatos na sociedade globalizada envolve a construção de um novo paradigma, fundado em democracia, pluralidade e liberdade sindical, reconhecidos como direitos universais pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho.
AS INSTITUIÇÕES DO SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA BRASILEIRAS E OS CICLOS DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: possibilidades na defesa das ações afirmativas e combate ao racismo institucional e cultural
Authors: SOARES PEREIRA PAULO FERNANDO , FARRANHA SANTANA ANA CLAUDIA
Published: July 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a função das instituições do sistema de justiça brasileiras diante do fenômeno dos ciclos das políticas públicas, tratando das possibilidades na defesa das ações afirmativas e o combate ao racismo institucional e cultural. Inicialmente, o trabalho apresenta um caso de judicialização de uma política pública cultural afirmativa. Em seguida, o texto se divide em três tópicos: a) a compreensão dos ciclos das políticas públicas: uma ferramenta para além dos enunciados textuais, em que se aborda a necessidade do jurista visualizar as políticas públicas além da clausura do direito; b) as instituições jurídicas brasileiras e o racismo institucional e cultura, em que debate o fenômeno do racismo, de maneira a superar a limitação do racismo individual; c) a política pública no banco dos réus: um exemplo de judicialização e incompreensão judiciária: ações afirmativas culturais, momento em que se apresenta um caso concreto de judicialização de políticas culturais afirmativas. A metodologia utilizada é a revisão crítica de literatura, com a análise documental de processo judicial.
DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS COLETIVOS E DIFUSOS: UM CONCEITO ACADÊMICO ELABORADO A PARTIR DE SEUS PRESSUPOSTOS
Authors: Perozim da Silva Washington Eduardo , Quilici Gonzalez Everaldo Tadeu
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e discorrer sobre os pressupostos jurídicos dos “direitos fundamentais coletivos e difusos” e, a partir dos mesmos, construir, mesmo que de forma rudimentar, um conceito para tal modalidade normativa. Logicamente, que não se pretendeu descontruir ou questionar as definições já consolidadas pela doutrina, mas, apenas, a de contribuir com os estudos e as discussões sobre esses tipos de direitos fundamentais previstos na Constituição Brasileira. Para tanto, adotou-se como principal método de trabalho o estudo da legislação nacional e de obras doutrinárias de autores como Konrad Hesse, Luigi Ferrajoli, Joaquim Gomes Canotilho, Ingo Wolfgang Sarlet, Paulo Bonavidades, Virgilio Afonso da Silva, dentre outros. Assim, através da pesquisa realizada, ou seja, estudando-se a história, os conceitos, as funções, as dimensões e as teorias sistematizadas por Böckenförde, foi possível, não só identificar os principiais pressupostos dos “direitos fundamentais coletivos e difusos”, mas, também, construir um conceito acadêmico, a partir dos mesmos. Ao final, pode-se concluir que a elaboração de um conceito acadêmico para essa modalidade de direitos fundamentais (“coletivos e difusos”), a partir de seus pressupostos, era plenamente possível e que poderia, ao longo do tempo, auxiliar a juristas e docentes no aprofundamento do tema.
DA RESPONSABILIDADE POLÍTICA E JURÍDICA DO PODER EXECUTIVO – CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA NO ORDENAMENTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Kertesz Renault Pinto Julia
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo trata da responsabilidade política e jurídica do  (s)  membro (s) do Poder Executivo. O objetivo principal é delimitar as distinções entre esses dois tipos de responsabilidade, que tanto têm sido confundidas no âmbito jurídico. De modo a esclarecer e averiguar essa delimitação, trataremos de analisar o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Conclui-se pela autonomia da responsabilidade política frente à responsabilidade jurídica como manutenção de suas respectivas operabilidades.
A aequitas como princípio fundamental do direito romano clássico: uma investigação histórico-filosófica
Authors: Santos Igor Moraes
Published: July 2018

O artigo tem por objetivo investigar as funções e os limites da aequitas no direito romano clássico. A partir do exame de fontes originais e de estudos jurídicos e filosóficos sobre a cultura jurídica latina, este trabalho perpassa três etapas: primeiro, tenta compreender a peculiaridade da aequitas em face da tradição grega e moderna; segundo, investiga o exercício da aequitas, a partir dos princípios auxiliares utilitas, analogia, prudentia e fides; por fim, examina os efeitos da equidade em Roma, em especial, na elaboração e aplicação do direito pelas vias do ius gentium e do ius praetorium. Assim, revela-se como a aequitas toma forma de um princípio fundamental retor do direito romano clássico, responsável por sua complexidade, riqueza e força exemplar.
Normas de reconhecimento das pessoas com deficiência: reflexões à luz de Rawls e Honneth
Authors: Barros Barcelos Fernandes Micaela
Published: July 2018

Tendo por suporte fático a mudança legislativa ocorrida no ordenamento brasileiro com relação às pessoas com deficiência, através da aprovação da Lei 13.146/2015, este trabalho trata da importância do estudo das teorias filosóficas que se ocupam do reconhecimento para a formação do pensamento crítico na criação e interpretação das normas jurídicas de inclusão. As considerações são apresentadas à luz das teorias de John Rawls e Axel Honneth.
Res corporales, res incorporales e o problema do direito subjetivo
Authors: Pugliese Giovanni
Published: July 2018

O problema do direito subjetivo é constantemente colocado de novo ao jurista. Qual importância se deve atribuir a essa insuficiência, ainda não se pode estabelecer. Certamente é fácil constatar que em todos os tempos se tem chamado de direito situações subjetivas tão diferentes, que parece sem esperança o esforço de reagrupar tudo sob um mesmo conceito e legitimar a dupla tentativa, não raro concebida pela doutrina, de distinguir entre aqueles aptos a assumir uma classificação técnica do direito subjetivo dentre inúmeras categorias (por exemplo: faculdade ou poder de crédito) ou de considerar o direito subjetivo como uma noção nem tão rigorosa que abarque, como um caldeirão, diversos elementos afins, em vez de uma definição estrita.
Non-pharmacological management of chronic breathlessness in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Watson Jane S
Published: July 2018

This paper will review and address the pathological processes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the prevalence of comorbidities and the implications of these factors for a common disabling COPD symptom, breathlessness. It will further consider non-pharmacological strategies that community nurses can use to support breathlessness relief in the context of holistic patient care.
Neglect by carers
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: July 2018

There have been two widely reported criminal cases where informal carers, including family members, have been found guilty of the gross negligence manslaughter of the vulnerable person in their care. In this article, Richard Griffith considers the duty on informal carers when caring for a person and the duty on district nurses to protect vulnerable persons from harm.
The effectiveness of an online module for midwives conducting antenatal pertussis vaccinations
Authors: Nicholl Sonya , Seale Holly , Campbell-Lloyd Sue
Published: July 2018

Background

An online education programme was developed to support midwives and maternity staff to implement the New South Wales antenatal pertussis vaccination programme from March 2015.

Aims

To determine if an educational programme met the needs of midwives and maternity staff to conduct an immunisation appointment confidently with a pregnant woman.

Methods

Pre- and post-surveys were conducted with learners completing the programme.

Findings

Before completing the programme, 57% of respondents reported feeling ‘confident’ or ‘very confident’ in conducting a vaccination encounter with a pregnant woman. This increased to 94.1% after completion of the programme.

Conclusion

The education programme met the needs of midwives and maternity staff in New South Wales. An informed and confident maternity workforce will increase vaccine uptake in pregnant women and ensure that pertussis vaccination is incorporated consistently into routine antenatal care, to protect vulnerable infants from life-threatening diseases such as pertussis and influenza.
From paper to online—the electronic practice webfolio: A reflective account
Authors: Williams Jacqui , Walker Louise
Published: July 2018

Portfolios are a frequently used tool for recording, cataloguing and presenting reflections for revalidation purposes, and are used by a number of healthcare professions. More recently, with the development of online resources, the webfolio has become more commonplace in midwifery undergraduate programmes. This article will review the literature in relation to portfolios and outline the key stages in the development and implementation of a webfolio in a midwifery undergraduate programme. The audit of compliance in students and sign off midwifery mentors for the first cohort who used the webfolio will be presented.
Mediation: A guide for midwives
Authors: Golden Paul
Published: July 2018

When conflicts arise, support from a trained mediator can prevent disputes being escalated to the regulatory body. Paul Golden outlines what midwives can expect from mediation