bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Class Classification Approach to Variational Learning from Biased Positive Unlabeled Data
Authors: Mielniczuk Jan , Wawrzeńczyk Adam
Published: September 2023

We discuss Empirical Risk Minimization approach in conjunction with one-class classification method to learn classifiers for biased Positive Unlabeled (PU) data. For such data, probability that an observation from a positive class is labeled may depend on its features. The proposed method extends Variational Autoencoder for PU data (VAE-PU) introduced in [16] by proposing another estimator of a theoretical risk of a classifier to be minimized, which has important advantages over the previous proposal. This is based on one-class classification approach using generated pseudo-observations, which turns out to be an effective method of detecting positive observations among unlabeled ones. The proposed method leads to more precise estimation of the theoretical risk than the previous proposal. Experiments performed on real data sets show that the proposed VAE-PU+OCC algorithm works very promisingly in comparison to its competitors such as the original VAE-PU, SAR-EM and LBE methods in terms of accuracy and F1 score. The advantage is especially strongly pronounced for small labeling frequencies.
Multi-Source Domain Adaptation Through Dataset Dictionary Learning in Wasserstein Space
Authors: Montesuma Eduardo , Mboula Fred Maurice Ngole , Souloumiac Antoine
Published: September 2023

This paper seeks to solve Multi-Source Domain Adaptation (MSDA), which aims to mitigate data distribution shifts when transferring knowledge from multiple labeled source domains to an unlabeled target domain. We propose a novel MSDA framework based on dictionary learning and optimal transport. We interpret each domain in MSDA as an empirical distribution. As such, we express each domain as a Wasserstein barycenter of dictionary atoms, which are empirical distributions. We propose a novel algorithm, DaDiL, for learning via mini-batches: (i) atom distributions; (ii) a matrix of barycentric coordinates. Based on our dictionary, we propose two novel methods for MSDA: DaDil-R, based on the reconstruction of labeled samples in the target domain, and DaDiL-E, based on the ensembling of classifiers learned on atom distributions. We evaluate our methods in 3 benchmarks: Caltech-Office, Office 31, and CRWU, where we improved previous state-of-the-art by 3.15%, 2.29%, and 7.71% in classification performance. Finally, we show that interpolations in the Wasserstein hull of learned atoms provide data that can generalize to the target domain.
GENEMASK: Fast Pretraining of Gene Sequences to Enable Few-Shot Learning
Authors: Roy Soumyadeep , Wallat Jonas , Sundaram Sowmya S. , Nejdl Wolfgang , Ganguly Niloy
Published: September 2023

Large-scale language models such as DNABert and LOGO aim to learn optimal gene representations and are trained on the entire Human Reference Genome. However, standard tokenization schemes involve a simple sliding window of tokens like k-mers that do not leverage any gene-based semantics and thus may lead to (trivial) masking of easily predictable sequences, and subsequently inefficient Masked Language Modeling (MLM) training. Therefore, we propose a novel masking algorithm, GENEMASK, for MLM training of gene sequences, where we randomly identify positions in a gene sequence as mask centers and locally select the span around the mask center with the highest Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information (NPMI) to mask. We observe that in the absence of human-understandable semantics in the genomics domain (in contrast, semantic units like words and phrases are inherently available in NLP), GENEMASK-based models substantially outperform the SOTA models (DNABert and LOGO) over four benchmark gene sequence classification datasets in five few-shot settings (10 to 1000-shot). More significantly, the GENEMASK-based DNABert model is trained for less than one-tenth of the number of epochs of the original SOTA model. We also observe a strong correlation between top-ranked PMI tokens and conserved DNA sequence motifs, which may indicate the incorporation of latent genomic information. The codes (including trained models) and datasets are made publicly available at https://github.com/roysoumya/GeneMask.
Towards Feasible Counterfactual Explanations: A Taxonomy Guided Template-Based NLG Method
Authors: Salimi Pedram , Wiratunga Nirmalie , Corsar David , Wijekoon Anjana
Published: September 2023

Counterfactual Explanations (cf-XAI) describe the smallest changes in feature values necessary to change an outcome from one class to another. However, many cf-XAI methods neglect the feasibility of those changes. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for presenting cf-XAI in natural language (Natural-XAI), giving careful consideration to actionable and comprehensible aspects while remaining cognizant of immutability and ethical concerns. We present three contributions to this endeavor. Firstly, through a user study, we identify two types of themes present in cf-XAI composed by humans: content-related, focusing on how features and their values are included from both the counterfactual and the query perspectives; and structure-related, focusing on the structure and terminology used for describing necessary value changes. Secondly, we introduce a feature actionability taxonomy with four clearly defined categories, to streamline the explanation presentation process. Using insights from the user study and our taxonomy, we created a generalisable template-based natural language generation (NLG) method compatible with existing explainers like DICE, NICE, and DisCERN, to produce counterfactuals that address the aforementioned limitations of existing approaches. Finally, we conducted a second user study to assess the performance of our taxonomy-guided NLG templates on three domains. Our findings show that the taxonomy-guided Natural-XAI approach (n-XAIT) received higher user ratings across all dimensions, with significantly improved results in the majority of the domains assessed for articulation, acceptability, feasibility, and sensitivity dimensions.
Adaptive Self-Supervision Algorithms for Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Subramanian Shashank , Kirby Robert M. , Mahoney Michael W. , Gholami Amir
Published: September 2023

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) incorporate physical knowledge from the problem domain as a soft constraint on the loss function, but recent work has shown that this can lead to optimization difficulties. Here, we study the impact of the location of the collocation points on the trainability of these models. We find that the vanilla PINN performance can be significantly boosted by adapting the location of the collocation points as training proceeds. Specifically, we propose a novel adaptive collocation scheme which progressively allocates more collocation points (without increasing their total number) to areas where the model is making higher errors (based on the gradient of the loss function in the domain). This, coupled with a judicious restarting of the training during any optimization stalls (by simply resampling the collocation points in order to adjust the loss landscape) leads to better estimates for the prediction error. We present results for several problems, including a 2D Poisson and diffusion-advection system with different forcing functions. We find that training vanilla PINNs for these problems can result in up to 70% prediction error in the solution, especially in the regime of low collocation points. In contrast, our adaptive schemes can achieve up to an order of magnitude smaller error, with similar computational complexity as the baseline. Furthermore, we find that the adaptive methods consistently perform on-par or slightly better than vanilla PINN method, even for large collocation point regimes. The code for all the experiments has been open sourced.
On the Price of Fairness in the Connected Discrete Cake Cutting Problem
Authors: Sun Ankang , Li Bo
Published: September 2023

Discrete cake cutting is a fundamental model in fair resource allocation where the indivisible resources are located on a path. It is well motivated that, in reality, each agent is interested in receiving a contiguous block of items. An important question therein is to understand the economic efficiency loss by restricting the allocations to be fair, which is quantified as price of fairness (PoF). Informally, PoF is the worst-case ratio between the unconstrained optimal welfare and the optimal welfare achieved by fair allocations. Suksompong [Discret. Appl. Math., 2019] has studied this problem, where fairness is measured by the ideal criteria such as proportionality (PROP). A PROP allocation, however, may not exist in discrete cake cutting settings. Therefore, in this work, we revisit this problem and focus on the relaxed notions whose existence is guaranteed. We study both utilitarian and egalitarian welfare, and our results show significant differences between the PoF of guaranteed fairness notions and that of the ideal notions.
Improved Analysis of Greedy Algorithm on k-Submodular Knapsack
Authors: Tang Zhongzheng , Wang Chenhao
Published: September 2023

A k-submodular function is a generalization of submodular functions that takes k disjoint subsets as input and outputs a real value. It captures many problems in combinatorial optimization and machine leaning such as influence maximization, sensor placement, feature selection, etc. In this paper, we consider the monotone k-submodular maximization problem under a knapsack constraint, and explore the performance guarantee of a greedy-based algorithm: enumerating all size-2 solutions and extending every singleton solution greedily; the best outcome is returned. We provide a novel analysis framework and prove that this algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of at least 0.328. This is the best-known result of combinatorial algorithms on k-submodular knapsack maximization. In addition, within the framework, we can further improve the approximation ratio to a value approaching 1/3 with any desirable accuracy, by enumerating sufficiently large base solutions. The results can even be extended to non-monotone k-submodular functions.
Local context is not enough! Towards Query Semantic and Knowledge Guided Multi-Span Medical Question Answering
Authors: Tiwari Abhisek , Bhansali Aman , Saha Sriparna , Bhattacharyya Pushpak , Verma Preeti , Dhar Minakshi
Published: September 2023

Medical Question Answering (MedQA) is one of the most popular and significant tasks in developing healthcare assistants. When humans extract an answer to a question from a document, they first (a) understand the question itself in detail and (b) utilize relevant knowledge/experiences to determine the answer segments. In multi-span question answering, it becomes increasingly important to comprehend the query accurately and possess relevant knowledge, as the interrelationship among different answer segments is essential for achieving completeness. Motivated by this, we first propose a transformer-based query semantic and knowledge (QueSemKnow) guided multi-span question-answering model. The proposed QueSemKnow works in a two-phased manner; in the first stage, a multi-task model is proposed to extract query semantics: (i) intent identification and (ii) question type prediction. In the second stage, QueSemKnow selects a relevant subset of the knowledge graph as the underlying context/document and extracts answers depending on the semantic information extracted from the first stage and context. We build a multi-task query semantic extraction model for query intent and query type identification to investigate the co-relation among these tasks. Furthermore, we created a semantically aware medical question-answering corpus named QueSeMSpan MedQA wherein each question is annotated with its corresponding semantic information. The proposed model outperforms several baselines and existing state-of-the-art models by a large margin on multiple datasets, which firmly demonstrates the effectiveness of the human-inspired multi-span question-answering methodology.
Task-Prompt Generalised World Model in Multi-Environment Offline Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xiong Xuantang , Meng Linghui , Ruan Jingqing , Zhang Qingyang , Li Guoqi , Xing Dengpeng , Xu Bo
Published: September 2023

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) circumvents costly interactions with the environment by utilising historical trajectories. Incorporating a world model into this method could substantially enhance the transfer performance of various tasks without expensive calculations from scratch. However, due to the complexity arising from different types of generalisation, previous works have focused almost exclusively on single-environment tasks. In this study, we introduce a multi-environment offline RL setting to investigate whether a generalised world model can be learned from large, diverse datasets and serve as a good surrogate for policy learning in different tasks. Inspired by the success of multi-task prompt methods, we propose the Task-prompt Generalised World Model (TGW) framework, which demonstrates notable performance in this setting. TGW comprises three modules: a task-state prompter, a generalised dynamics module, and a reward module. We implement the generalised dynamics module as a transformer-based recurrent state-space model and employ prompts to provide task-specific instructions, enabling TGW to address the internal stochasticity of the generalised world model. On the MuJoCo control benchmarks, TGW significantly outperforms previous offline RL algorithms in multi-environment setting.
Improving Text Semantic Similarity Modeling Through a 3D Siamese Network
Authors: Zang Jianxiang , Liu Hui
Published: September 2023

Siamese networks have gained popularity as a method for modeling text semantic similarity. Traditional methods rely on pooling operation to compress the semantic representations from Transformer blocks in encoding, resulting in two-dimensional semantic vectors and the loss of hierarchical semantic information from Transformer blocks. Moreover, this limited structure of semantic vectors is akin to a flattened landscape, which restricts the methods that can be applied in downstream modeling, as they can only navigate this flat terrain to capture semantic nuances. To address this issue, we propose a novel 3D Siamese network for text semantic similarity modeling, which maps semantic information to a higher-dimensional space. The three-dimensional semantic tensors not only retains more precise spatial and feature domain information but also provides the necessary structural condition for comprehensive downstream modeling strategies to capture them. Leveraging this structural advantage, we introduce several modules to reinforce this 3D framework, focusing on three aspects: feature extraction, attention, and feature fusion. Our extensive experiments on four text semantic similarity benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our 3D Siamese Network.
MIATS:A Chinese Spelling Error Correction Algorithm Based on Multimodal Information Alignment of Three-Towers Structure
Authors: Zhao Guochao , Guo Yan , Tang Jia , Zhu Zongwei , Wu Guixing
Published: September 2023

Chinese spelling correction (CSC) is a crucial task in natural language processing, aiming to detect and correct spelling errors in Chinese text. The improved performance of Chinese spelling errors correction algorithms can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of upstream and downstream Chinese natural language processing tasks, such as OCR, ASR, and translation.However, current methods based on neural networks are mostly limited to either using only contextual information to correct misspelled words or failing to fully utilize glyph and pinyin information. Therefore, we propose a multimodal approach to address the above issues. Specifically, a three-tower multimodal structure is used to extract glyph, pinyin, and semantic information, and a decoder composing of an error probability prediction network and a transformer network is employed to achieve cross-modal information interaction. Besides, an additional training task is used to achieve cross-modal information alignment. Experiments demonstrate that proposed network outperform most existing motheds.
Turn on the Right Track: Weakly Supervised Video Moment Retrieval with Self-Improving Query Reconstruction
Authors: Zhong Yiming , Sun Haifeng , Hao Jiachang , Wang Jing , Zhou Cheng , Qi Qi , Wang Jingyu , Liao Jianxin
Published: September 2023

Existing weakly-supervised temporal sentence grounding methods typically regard query reconstruction as the pretext task in place of the absent temporal supervision. However, their approaches suffer from two flaws, i.e. insignificant reconstruction and discrepancy in alignment. Insignificant reconstruction indicates the randomly masked words may not be discriminative enough to distinguish the target event from unrelated events in the video. Discrepancy in alignment indicates the incorrect partial alignment built by query reconstruction task. The flaws undermine the reliability of current reconstruction-based methods. To this end, we propose a novel Self-improving Query ReconstrucTion (SQRT) framework for weakly-supervised temporal sentence grounding. To deal with insignificant reconstruction, we devise a key words mining strategy to determine the important words for language grounding. To attain better moment-query alignment, we introduce inter-sample contrast to tackle the partial alignment built by query reconstruction. The self-improving framework utilizes query reconstruction for language grounding and alleviates the discrepancy in alignment, thus turning on the right track. Experiments on two popular datasets show that SQRT achieves state-of-the-art performance on Charades-STA and comparable performance to the state-of-the-art on ActivityNet Captions.
Ensembling Uncertainty Measures to Improve Safety of Black-Box Classifiers
Authors: Zoppi Tommaso , Ceccarelli Andrea , Bondavalli Andrea
Published: September 2023

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that perform classification may predict the wrong class, experiencing misclassifications. It is well-known that misclassifications may have cascading effects on the encompassing system, possibly resulting in critical failures. This paper proposes SPROUT, a Safety wraPper thROugh ensembles of UncertainTy measures, which suspects misclassifications by computing uncertainty measures on the inputs and outputs of a black-box classifier. If a misclassification is detected, SPROUT blocks the propagation of the output of the classifier to the encompassing system. The resulting impact on safety is that SPROUT transforms erratic outputs (misclassifications) into data omission failures, which can be easily managed at the system level. SPROUT has a broad range of applications as it fits binary and multi-class classification, comprising image and tabular datasets. We experimentally show that SPROUT always identifies a huge fraction of the misclassifications of supervised classifiers, and it is able to detect all misclassifications in specific cases. SPROUT implementation contains pre-trained wrappers, it is publicly available and ready to be deployed with minimal effort.
Building a Few-Shot Cross-Domain Multilingual NLU Model for Customer Care
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Bansal Sourav , Agrawal Neeraj , Bhatt Priyanka
Published: September 2023

Customer care is an essential pillar of the e-commerce shopping experience with companies spending millions of dollars each year, employing automation and human agents, across geographies (like US, Canada, Mexico, Chile), channels (like Chat, Interactive Voice Response (IVR)), and languages (like English, Spanish). SOTA pre-trained models like multilingual-BERT, fine-tuned on annotated data have shown good performance in downstream tasks relevant to Customer Care. However, model performance is largely subject to the availability of sufficient annotated domain-specific data. Cross-domain availability of data remains a bottleneck, thus building an intent classifier that generalizes across domains (defined by channel, geography, and language) with only a few annotations, is of great practical value. In this paper, we propose an embedder-cum-classifier model architecture which extends state-of-the-art domain-specific models to other domains with only a few labeled samples. We adopt a supervised fine-tuning approach with isotropic regularizers to train a domain-specific sentence embedder and a multilingual knowledge distillation strategy to generalize this embedder across multiple domains. The trained embedder, further augmented with a simple linear classifier can be deployed for new domains. Experiments on Canada and Mexico e-commerce Customer Care dataset with few-shot intent detection show an increase in accuracy by 20-23% against the existing state-of-the-art pre-trained models.
Proactive decision making by incorporation of discrete random sums
Authors: Artikis Panagiotis T. , Artikis Constantinos T.
Published: September 2023

Adoption of proactivity provides theorists and practitioners with very significant information for undertaking research work in a wide range of scientific fields. In particular, the presence of proactivity substantially supports the implementation of activities under conditions of uncertainty. It constitutes a general recognition that proactive thinking facilitates strategic acting on the provision of operations for the protection of systems evolving in uncertain environments. Clearly, proactive decision making constitutes the most valuable factor for improving the resilience of systems threatened by a variety of risks. The present paper is primarily concerned with the formulation, investigation, and interpretation in proactive decision processes of two discrete stochastic models. The definitions and the representations as discrete random variables of many structural concepts are significant reasons for implementing discrete stochastic models in proactive treatment of future situations.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN PERSEPEKTIF PENERAPAN HUKUM INDONESIA DAN SINGAPURA
Authors: Lia Desta , Irawan Hendra
Published: September 2023

state administrative system is a matter related to the state in terms of the structure, position and composition of state institutions with regard to their duties and functions and even their authority which aims to maintain the stability of the state itself. similarities or differences in one country and even many countries, because each country has its own form of government. Here the researcher compares two countries, namely Indonesia and Singapore with this research method using Library Research. As a result, the Indonesian state has similarities in the form of government, namely a republic, besides that it also has similarities in the party system, namely multi-party while the difference is in the Indonesian presidential system of government while Singapore is presidential. Not only that, Indonesia, Singapore, has three powers, namely the executive, legislative and judiciary, but the institutions within it are different.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA DENGAN THAILAND TERKAIT LGBT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Aulia Rizky , Rahmaningsih Aziza Aziz
Published: September 2023

In Indonesia, LGBT itself is still considered a very taboo subject. In the positive law of the Criminal Code, there is no LGBT legality. Indonesia is a country based on law, meaning that every action taken must be based on the law that regulates it. In the Criminal Code, it regulates material criminal acts in Indonesia. Criminal law is a whole set of rules that determine what actions are prohibited and included in criminal acts. Criminal rules related to same-sex relationships are regulated in Article 292 of the Criminal Code in the form of a threat of 5 years in prison and there is no legal regulation that explicitly regulates LGBT. Unlike the case with Thailand. Thailand is one of the countries that legalize same-sex marriage. The existence of the LGBT group in the country has received a response and tolerance from the community.
Peran dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembentukan Undang-undang
Authors: Wafa Muhamad Khoirul
Published: September 2023

Partisipasi masyarakat merupakan perwujudan terdapatnya hubungan relasi di antara masyarakat dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan pemerintah dalam proses pembentukan Undang-undang. Idealnya peraturan perundang-undangan harus mengikutsertakan peran setra partisipasi masyarakat, karena regulasi yang dibuat atau dibentuk pada dasarnya objeknya adalah masyarakat luas. Dalam tulisan ini akan membahas seberapa pentingkah peran masyarakat dalam proses pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan bagaimanakah wujud peran serta masyarakat dalam pross pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan, dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan sosio-legal. Secara formal Wujud peran dan partisi masyarakat dalam proses pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dapat dimungkinkan di lakukan. Mulai dari perancangan hingga pembahasan.Kata kunci: Peran, Partisipasi, pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan
Implementasi Kode Etik Profesi Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Studi Kasus AKBP Achiruddin Hasibuan
Authors: Fathoni Muhammad Nur , Salim Choirul , Hermawaty Nety
Published: September 2023

This study aims to complement previous research data to analyze and examine the legal process for violating the POLRI code of ethics carried out by Adjunct Police Chief Commissioner (AKBP) Achiruddin Hasibuan as a basis for carrying out his duties, knowing and analyzing accountability if POLRI commits a violation of the code of ethics, and must responsible for violating the code of ethics, the code of ethics is made based on the professional standards of members, the code of ethics in carrying out their duties. In Regulation of the Head of the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2011 concerning the Polri Professional Code of Ethics in Article 1 explains the KEPP explanation, as follows: "POLRI Professional Code of Ethics, hereinafter abbreviated as KEPP, is a norm or rule which constitutes a unified ethical or philosophical basis relating to actions or speech related to things that are obligatory, prohibited, proper or inappropriate to be done by members of the Police in carrying out their duties. and job responsibilities”.
Prinsip Syura dalam Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: , Firmansyah , Riyani Windy , Putri Nyimas Lidya
Published: September 2023

Syura atau musyawarah, khususnya antara penguasa dan rakyat merupakan salah satu prinsip dasar politik Islam dari kelima prinsip lainnya, yaitu prinsip keadilan, prinsip kebebasan, prinsip persamaan dan prinsip pertanggungjawaban. Dimana musyawarah juga digunakan dalam demokrasi karena di dalam demokrasi, pemimpin tidak dapat memutuskan suatu keputusan secara sepihak dan harus melibatkan rakyat karena dalam demokrasi, rakyat memiliki kekuasaan tertinggi.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi pustaka. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan jenis deskriptif-analisissyura diletakkan sebagai prinsip utama dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah pemerintahan. Syura merupakan suatu sarana dan cara memberi kesempatan kepada anggota masyarakat yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam membuat keputusan yang sifatnya mengikat, baik dalam bentuk peraturan hukum maupun kebijakan politik. Setiap orang yang ikut bermusyawarah akan berusaha menyatakan pendapat yang baik, sehingga diperoleh pendapat yang dapat menyelesaikan persoalan yang dihadapi Indonesia adalah sistem demokrasi Pancasila menjadi suatu aturan yang terlahir oleh orang-orang yang memang ingin melepas dari nilai keagamaan, dan suara mayoritas merupakan ketentuan hukum yang harus dipatuhi. Demokrasi pancasila yang dikembangkan di Indonesia juga menggunakan aspek nilai hukum agama masyarakat, seperti yang tergambar dalam sila keempat, di mana disebutkan kerakyatan dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan dan perwakilan.
Prospects for creating surfaces with vegetation on buildings in Poland
Authors: Ujma Adam
Published: September 2023

According to the World Green Building Council, energy demand in buildings will increase double, by 2050. Worldwide, construction and the built environment contribute about 39% of global carbon dioxide (28% from operational emissions, from energy needed to heat, cool and power them, and the remaining 11% from materials and construction) and 50% of the world’s resource consumption. Thus, maximising energy efficiency and improving the environment are the main directions of construction development. Both tasks can be solved using green structures that connect living plants with building structures (green roofs, living facades and living interior walls). The data from the main organisations in the branch has been analysed: United Nations, The World Green Building Council, European Parlament and Council, and also Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction. They state the need for green and blue infrastructure, and sustainable urbanisation, incl. decarbonising of buildings and mitigation of urban heat islands. Greening of buildings is a measure to achieve the requirements. In addition, it improves health and well-being or increases biodiversity. Poland has the corresponding norms to stimulate the greening of buildings. The term “biologically active area” is defined as the area with an area arranged in a way that ensures natural vegetation of plants and rainwater retention; such an area also covers 50% of the surface of terraces and flat roofs with a vegetation layer with vegetation and other surfaces (e.g. green facade), providing natural vegetation of plants, with an area of not less than 10 m2, surface water in this area. Special tax policies give privileges to those who green their building(s). These measures have a good result in spreading green structures, which is proved by the objects represented in the article.
Differences in Motivation to Learn Arabic in Terms of Gender In the Islamic Religious Education Study Program
Authors: Syawaluddin Syawaluddin , Trisno Bambang , Lainah Lainah , Syaputra Yogi Damai , Halida Halida
Published: September 2023

The Arabic language is a compulsory course for all students of IAIN Bukittinggi. This lesson requires high learning motivation to achieve excellent learning outcomes. This research focused on the influences of gender differences on Arabic language course learning motivation. This research determined the Arabic course learning motivation differences based on gender among students in the Islamic Education (PAI) study program at the IAIN Bukittinggi. The researchers applied a quantitative comparative approach. The population comprises students in the Islamic Education study program at the IAIN Bukittinggi who are in the third semester. The participants consisted of 199 students. The researchers applied total sampling. The instrument used in this study was the learning motivation scale. The researchers analyzed the data with a hypothetical mean formula, while the hypothesis test was with the Analysis of Variance, ANOVA. The results showed that the male Arabic learning motivation was high, with a mean score of 130.3, while the female Arabic learning motivation was 126.4. The hypothesis test found a significant value of 0.277 lower than 0.5. The results indicated a significant difference between male and female Arabic language learning motivations. However, when looking at the overall average scores, the motivation of male students to learn Arabic is higher than female students. Based on the results of this study, it suggested that counselors provide Guidance and Counseling services, primarily focusing on indicators of self-reliance in learning Arabic. It is expected that with guidance and counseling services, students can enhance their motivation to learn Arabic, particularly in terms of self-reliance in learning.
Seeing Like a Market: to the Question of the Ethical Assessment of the Privatization of East German Companies in 1990–1994
Authors: Mironov V. A.
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the problem  of ethical assessment of the liquidation of the GDR as a state structure  and its integration into the political and economic  space of the FRG. According to a number  of historical and sociological sources,  “reunification” was not the reason  for the search  and finding of a common  language  between  West and East Germans,  but, on  the contrary, the reasons for discord and deep  mutual distrust and rejection.  On this basis, the work analyzes the  views of both  sides,  and also conducts  a philosophical  reflection  on the value bases  (ethical axioms) of the key evaluative positions  of both East and West Germans regarding  the  actions  of  the  West  German  government,  the  conditions  for  concluding  a monetary  union of the  two Germanys,  as well as in relation  to privatizations East German companies.
ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Попова Оксана , Коцюбинська Людмила , Скубій Ольга
Published: September 2023

У статті досліджено тенденції інвестиційної діяльності у сільському господарстві в умовах воєнного часу. Висвітлено особливості інвестиційної діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств, зокрема цілі інвестування та специфічні напрями інвестування. Розглянуто динаміку структури залучення інвестиційних ресурсів за видами економічної діяльності у 2018-2022 роках та динаміку капітальних інвестицій у сільське господарство за джерелами фінансування, показники оцінки діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств України та темпи їх зростання протягом останніх чотирьох років. Визначено специфічні фактори впливу на інвестиційний клімат аграрних підприємств у 2018-2022 роках. Розраховано інтегральні коефіцієнти впливу інвестицій на показники діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств. Проаналізовано стан інвестиційних ресурсів сільськогосподарських підприємств та обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо їх ефективного використання.
Effects of melatonin on the circadian functions of sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormonal regulation and immune activity: A recent review
Authors: Sarisozen Bugra , Aslan Feyza Sule , Akyuz Enes
Published: September 2023

Rhythms following a period of approximately 24 hours are called circadian (from Latin circa diem, approximately one day) rhythms. These rhythms are observed in the activities of various vital body functions. Melatonin is considered as an important molecule participating in the formation of circadian rhythms of virtually all organisms. As a molecular regulator of the circadian clock, melatonin has various regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sleep-wake cycle depends on CSF melatonin levels, and melatonin also has a protective effect on the disrupted sleep-wake cycle in various pathological conditions. Melatonin ensures the proper function of vital metabolic pathways; therefore, it improves metabolism-related systems and protects them from damage. A bidirectional relationship between hormonal activity and melatonin ensures it having a healing effect on various reproductive disorders. Finally, melatonin can target inflammation pathways and various elements of immune system by changing their behavior and structure. In summary, melatonin has important effects on vital body functions mediated by its receptors, signaling pathways and clock genes, and has the capacity to protect and improve these functions under pathological conditions.
Melatonin modulates the in vitro angiogenesis of granulosa cells collected from women with marital infertility for IVF
Authors: Maganhin Carla C , Baracat Maria Candida P , Luquetti Camilla M , Buonfiglio Daniella , Girão Manoel João , Cipolla-Neto José , Simoes Manuel J , Simoes Ricardo S , Lo Turco Edson , Montelione Pedro , Baracat Edmund C , Soares-Jr José Maria
Published: September 2023

Melatonin concentration is
several folds higher in the follicular fluid than that in blood suggesting an
important role of this molecule on follicular physiology. However, the actions
of melatonin on angiogenesis in granulosa cells are currently unknown. In this
study, we have specifically investigated the potential effects of melatonin on
the angiogenesis in granulosa cells from female individuals with marital
infertility. Sixty patients who were submitted to the in vitrofertilization were included. The granulosa-luteal cells of these females were
collected for cell culture. The cells were divided into four groups: a) vehicle
(control); b) 0.1 µM melatonin; c) 1 µM melatonin; d) 10 µM melatonin treated
groups, respectively. After a period of 10 days of culture, expression of genes
involved in the angiogenesis signaling pathway were analyzed by Real-Time PCR
and Western Blot assays. The results showed that the expressions of FGF1(fibroblast growth factor 1), IL1B (interleukin 1-beta), VEGFR-2(type 2 vascular-endothelial growth factor receptor), and TGFB1 (tumor
growth factor 1- beta) were significantly upregulated in melatonin treated
groups compared to the control. In contrast, the expressions of HIF-1A(hypoxia-inducing factor 1-alpha), FGF2 (fibroblastic growth factor 2), IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor 1), and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth
factor alpha) were significantly downregulated by melatonin compared to the
control. The results suggest that melatonin modulates angiogenesis of granulosa
cells from women with marital infertility. The underlining mechanism may relate
to melatonin maintaining the homeostasis of VEGF, especially at a low dose of
melatonin.
Pengaruh Efektifitas Penerapan Kartu Tani terhadap Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru)
Authors: Lamidja Enrico. M , Girsang Wardis , Siwalette Jeter D
Published: September 2023

In an effort to facilitate access and affordable fertilizer prices for farmers, the Government has issued a number of regulations. The aim of this research is to find out how effective the application of farmer cards is in distributing subsidized fertilizer to farmers. Primary data was collected from farmers, fertilizer retailers and also stakeholders of the Tani Card Program in Aru Islands Regency, Maluku. Research sampling was carried out using a random sampling technique of 100 samples from all representatives in the Pulau-Pulau Aru sub-district. Research data was analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this research are that the effectiveness of implementing the farmer's card is not completely effective because it is hampered by several very basic factors so that the effectiveness of the farmer's card is quite low. The results of the research recommend that Stakeholders need to further improve coordination, especially in the process of planning subsidized fertilizer needs, the distribution process and monitoring the realization of subsidized fertilizer distribution.
The Discourse of Dream Reports in Jordanian Arabic: Agenre-Pragmatic Study
Authors: Bani Ata Areen
Published: September 2023

This study examined the tactics and components employed in Jordanians' dream reports to fulfil their communicative purpose. Drawing on Swales' schematic structure, six moves were identified. The opening move encompasses religious, formal, or informal greetings, often featuring a direct quotation from Islamic greetings. The second move involves the identification of the dreamer, typically utilizing the third person, indicating a tendency among dreamers to conceal their identity and refer to others within their family. The third move focuses on conveying the dream content, representing the pivotal element in the communicative interaction between the dreamer and interpreter. The fourth move comprises the request for interpretation, involving appeals to the interpreter for assistance in discerning the dream's meaning. The fifth move consists of appeals, which are prominently present in a majority of Jordanian dreams. The final move entails the closing, wherein formulaic phrases are commonly employed, invoking blessings from Allah upon the interpreter, expressing gratitude, or making additional appeals. The study highlights the significance of these formulaic phrases as a distinct move within Jordanian dreams, with prevalent examples being "Please, I need interpretation and thank you very much" or "I need interpretation and thank you." The corpus analyzed in this study was sourced from Sheikh Falah Mufleh's Facebook page.
SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER (SST) AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE GRID
Authors: Kadandani Nasiru B. , Hassan Sahalu , Abubakar Isiyaku
Published: September 2023

Power flow management in both transmission and distribution grid networks is continuously being challenged by increased integration of distributed generations that are stochastic and intermittent in nature. This paper investigates the anticipated roles or functionalities required from solid state transformer (SST) to enable it address the challenges faced by the grid network. The SST is a power electronics based transformer build with flexibilities and intelligence required for performing ancillary services to the grid. The paper shows that, with the aid of SST, smooth integration of renewable energy sources and other functionalities such as power factor correction, reactive power compensation, harmonics mitigation, fault ride through and or fault isolation can be achieved in the future grid.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan Pelaku UMKM Kab. Ciamis Dan Pangandaran Yang Berdampak Pada Kinerja Usaha
Authors: Santoso Anton Budi , Putri Ratna Komala , Taruna Indra , Amalia Shendy , Tarmidi Didi
Published: September 2023

Penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi kewirausahaan yang dimiliki oleh pelaku UMKM, sehingga usaha yang dijalaninya tersebut dapat menjadi semakin berkembang. Peserta dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat adalah pelaku UMKM di Kab. Ciamis dan Pengandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah para pelaku UMKM di Kab. Ciamis dan Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat yang berjumlah sebanyak 50 orang. Ini merupakan penelitian yang dikategorikan sebagai penelitian asosiatif kausal yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan di antara satu variabel dengan variabel lainnya. Untuk olah data dan analisisnya teknik yang digunakan berupa metode analisis regresi liniear sederhana yang perhitungan menggunakan program SPSS versi 20.0. Hasil yang diperoleh, diketahui bahwa peningkatan kompetensi berwirausaha memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis atau usaha. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya kompetensi kewirausahaan yang dimiliki oleh para pelaku UMKM dalam menjalankan usahanya, maka semakin berkembang pula usaha yang dijalaninya tersebut yang ditandai dengan kinerja usahanya yang semakin lebih baik, baik itu secara finansial, yang dilihat melalui peningkatan omset atau pendapatan usahanya, maupun non finansial, yang dilihat melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pelaku UMKM dalam menjalankan bisnisnya tersebut.
Konsep Lanskap Linguistik Desa Karyawangi Parongpong
Authors: Tresnasari Ningrum , Ariestafuri Nurza , Rahardjo Hardianto , Kuraesin Uning , Novitasari Raden
Published: September 2023

Fenomena Lanskap Linguistik (LL) ruang publik yang terdapat pada wilayah tertentu berupa penggunaan bahasa yang digunakan di Desa Karyawangi, merupakan latar belakang dalam penelitian ini. Lanskap Linguistik (LL) ini berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi yang jelas kepada seluruh warga masyarakat dan pengunjung Desa Karyawangi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan ragam bahasa, pola penamaan yang dipakai di papan identitas instansi, papan gang-gang jalan, nama masjid yang dipakai di Desa Karyawangi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan kajian lanskap linguistik (LL). Adapun langkahlangkah yang dilakukan yaitu dengan teknik koleksi, reduksi, display data (penyajian data), dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga kontestasi penggunaan bahasa dalam lanskap linguistik Desa Karyawangi, yaitu Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Sunda dan Bahasa Arab. Bahasa-bahasa yang digunakan dalam ruang publik di Desa Karyawangi ini dominan menggunakan monolingual, dimana bahasa Indonesia lebih banyak digunakan sebagai nama-nama bangunan/instansi, dan jalan di lingkungan Desa Karyawangi, sedangkan untuk namanama gang yang terdapat di Desa Karyawangi ini banyak menggunakan bahasa Sunda sebagai bahasa penutur aslinya. Sementara itu, bahasa asing (bahasa Arab) masih dominan digunakan untuk nama-nama masjid di Desa Karyawangi.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutum, Duygu Düzenleme Stratejileriyle İlişki Doyumunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Akat Muhammed , Bakioğlu Fuad , Ercan Hülya
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde flört şiddetine yönelik tutum ile duygu düzenleme becerileri ve romantik ilişki doyumunun incelenmesidir. Bu araştırmada, araştırma grubu 351 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. bu araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Flörtte Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçekleri, Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği ve İlişki Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklemler için t testi, korelasyon ve regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda ilişki doyumunun cinsiyete göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı ancak partnere şiddet uygulama ve partner şiddetine maruz kalmaya göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarında ilişki doyumu ile flört şiddetine yönelik tutumlar arasında negatif yönde ilişkiler elde edilmiştir. İlişki doyumu ile bilişsel duygu düzenleme becerilerinden kendini suçlama ve plana tekrar odaklanma arasında pozitif yönde; kabul etme, yıkım ve diğerlerini suçlama arasında negatif yönde ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Son olarak araştırmada flört şiddetine yönelik tutum ve bilişsel duygu düzenlemenin romantik ilişki doyumundaki toplam varyansın %30’unu açıkladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre Uzaktan Eğitimde Öğretimin Yönetimi: Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: Can Ertuğ , Sezer Şenol
Published: September 2023

COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitimde öğretimin yönetimine ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerini ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu araştırma, nitel araştırma deseninde ve durum çalışması modelinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme tekniğiyle belirlenen 36 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Öğretmenler, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde öğrencilerin derslere erişiminde, derslere katılımında ve sınıf yönetiminde sorunlarla karşılaştıklarını vurgulamışlardır. Katılımcılar, karşılaştıkları güçlüklerle baş etmek için etkileşimli öğrenme yöntem ve tekniklerinden yararlandıklarını ve öğrencilerin ilgi ve dikkatlerini öğrenilen konuya odaklamayı sağlayan ders materyalleri kullandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca velilerle iletişimi ve iş birliğini geliştirme, öğrencilerin motivasyonunu artırma konusunda çaba harcamışlardır. Sonuç olarak, uzaktan eğitimde karşılaşılan güçlükler, öğretmenlerin öğretim etkinliklerini planlama, uygulama ve değerlendirme sürecini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Özellikle teknik sorunların ve altyapı sorunlarının giderilmesi, araç-gereç ihtiyacının karşılanması, öğretmen, veli ve öğrencilerin desteklenmesi ve bilgilendirilmesi uzaktan eğitimde öğretimin yönetimine olumlu katkılar sağlayabilir.