bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climatic Variations in Macerata Province (Central Italy)
Authors: Gentilucci Matteo , Barbieri Maurizio , Burt Peter
Published: August 2018

The province of Macerata, Italy, is a topographically complex region which has been little studied in terms of its temperature and precipitation climatology. Temperature data from 81 weather stations and precipitation data from 55 rain gauges were obtained, and, following quality control procedures, were investigated on the basis of 3 standard periods: 1931–1960, 1961–1990 and 1991–2014. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature were analysed on the basis of six topographic variable (altitude, distance from the sea, latitude, distance from the closest river, aspect, and distance from the crest line). Of these, the relationship with altitude showed the strongest correlation. Use of GIS software allowed investigation of the most accurate way to present interpolations of these data and assessment of the differences between the 3 investigated periods. The results of the analyses permit a thorough evaluation of climate change spatially over the last 60 years. Generally, the amount of precipitation is diminished while the temperature is increased across the whole study area, but with significant variations within it. Temperature increased by 2 to 3 °C in the central part of the study area, while near the coast and in the mountains the change is between about 0 and 1 °C, with small decreases focused in the Appennine and foothill belt (−1 to 0 °C). For precipitation, the decrease is fairly uniform across the study area (between about 0–200 mm), but with some isolated areas of strong increase (200–300 mm) and only few parts of territory in which there is an increase of 0–200 mm, mainly in the southern part of the coast, to the south-west and inland immediately behind the coast. The monthly temperature trend is characterized by a constant growth, while for precipitation there is a strong decrease in the amount measured in January, February and October (between 25 and 35 mm on average).
Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resource Security: Case Study from Luoyang City, China
Authors: Dong Guanghua , Shen Juqin , Jia Yizhen , Sun Fuhua
Published: August 2018

The security of water resources is the core content and ultimate goal of urban water resource management agencies. The management of water resources is directly related to the needs of urban residents’ lives and the area’s socio-economic development. How to determine the effective evaluation indicators and methods is an important prerequisite to solving the water resource security problem. This study took Luoyang City as the research area and constructed a water resource security evaluation index system based on pressure-state-response framework. An analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were used to determine the index weight. A set pair analysis model was then introduced to evaluate the security of water resources in Luoyang from 2006 to 2016. The results of this study show that the standard of water resource security generally improved in Luoyang in the latter years of the study period. From 2006 to 2008, Luoyang was graded at the Insecurity Level. This compares to a slightly improved grading of Critical Security Level from 2009 to 2016 (except for 2013). However, the overall grade is still low. The pressure on the Luoyang water resource system mainly comes from the development of the urban socio-economy, which in turn has caused problems for both the quantity and quality of water resources. Therefore, a series of countermeasures have been introduced as a means of improving the water resource security of Luoyang, and these measures have achieved certain results. However, further improvements to the efficiency of water resource utilization and strengthening the management and protection of water resources remain necessary.
THE RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA
Authors: Aceleanu Mirela Ionela , Șerban Andreea Claudia , Țîrcă Diana Mihaela , Badea Liana
Published: August 2018

The study aims to analyze the importance of renewable energy and to assess the progress made by Romania comparing to European Union and to targets set by Community institutions. We consider that both economic issues such as job creation or reduction of import dependency, but also ecological issues including reducing greenhouse gas emissions are important in discussions about renewable energy in rural areas in Romania. By using linear regression it has been identified a strong correlation in Romania, for period 2004–2014, between share of renewable resources in gross final energy consumption and import dependency. Taking into account that energetic independence is a problem of great importance for each country, the paper aims to identify unused renewable energy potential in rural areas and also opportunities for developing renewable energy sector based on the resources that can be exploited with high efficiency, action that will generate economic and social positive effects. Our results reveal that Romania has a high development potential of rural areas using renewable energy because Romania has a high volume of renewable resources (sun, wind, water). Under these circumstances it is necessary to adopt the policies in order to support projects referring to these types of energy.
ADOPTION OF MIMIC MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF DIGITAL SHADOW ECONOMY
Authors: Gasparėnienė Ligita , Remeikienė Rita , Ginevičius Romualdas , Schieg Martin
Published: August 2018

This articles analyses a contemporary problem, which has not been thoroughly analysed in scientific literature – Estimation of Digital Shadow Economy through a modified MIMIC model. It is the first pilot research of such type, which allows to reveal the need of deeper data analysis and data collection. Received results show, that three causal factors (internet access, and PC availability for households, non-cash payments, placement of innovative financial instruments on a market) and three indicators (non-cash transfers through internet payment platforms, volume of payments in cryptocurrencies and parcels, which are tax free at the customs) are not enough in order to perform interpretations of economic results. Additionally, the data set should cover longer-term data, however the limitation appears due to relatively short existence of innovative financial products and the lack of information accumulation about necessary data in statistical databases.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY INTERACTION MACLAURIN SYMMETRIC MEANS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO MULTIPLE-ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Liu Peide , Liu Weiqiao
Published: August 2018

The Maclaurin symmetric mean (MSM) can capture the interrelationship among the multi-input arguments and it also can generalize most of the existing operators. Now MSM has been extended to intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) which can easily express the vague information. However, the operational rules of IFSs used in the extended MSM operator didn’t consider the interaction between the membership function and non-membership function, so there are some weaknesses. In this paper, in order to combine the advantages of the MSM and interaction operational rules of IFSs, we propose the intuitionistic fuzzy interaction Maclaurin symmetric mean (IFIMSM) operator, the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted interaction Maclaurin symmetric mean (IFWIMSM) operator, respectively. Furthermore, we research some desirable properties and some special cases of them. Further, we develop a new method to deal with some multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems under intuitionistic fuzzy environment based on these operators. Finally, an illustrative example is given to testify the availability of the developed method by comparing with the other existing methods.
The Gas Composition and Deep Cloud Structure of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
Authors: Bjoraker G. L. , Wong M. H. , Pater I. de , Hewagama T. , Ádámkovics M. , Orton G. S.
Published: August 2018

We have obtained high-resolution spectra of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS) between 4.6–5.4 μm using telescopes on Mauna Kea to derive gas abundances and to constrain its cloud structure between 0.5–5 bars. We used line profiles of deuterated methane (CH3D) at 4.66 μm to infer the presence of an opaque cloud at 5 ± 1 bars. From thermochemical models, this is almost certainly a water cloud. We also used the strength of Fraunhofer lines in the GRS to obtain the ratio of reflected sunlight to thermal emission. The level of the reflecting layer was constrained to be at 570 ± 30 mbar based on fitting strong NH3 lines at 5.32 μm. We identify this layer as an ammonia cloud based on the temperature where gaseous NH3 condenses. We found evidence for a strongly absorbing but not totally opaque cloud layer at pressures deeper than 1.3 bars by combining Cassini/CIRS spectra of the GRS at 7.18 μm with ground-based spectra at 5 μm. This is consistent with the predicted level of an NH4SH cloud. We also constrained the vertical profile of H2O and NH3. The GRS spectrum is matched by a saturated H2O profile above an opaque water cloud at 5 bars. The pressure of the water cloud constrains Jupiter’s O/H ratio to be at least 1.1 times solar. The NH3 mole fraction is 200 ± 50 ppm for pressures between 0.7–5 bars. Its abundance is 40 ppm at the estimated pressure of the reflecting layer. We obtained 0.8 ± 0.2 ppm for PH3, which is a factor of 2 higher than in the warm collar surrounding the GRS. We detected all five naturally occurring isotopes of germanium in GeH4 in the GRS. We obtained an average value of 0.35 ± 0.05 ppb for GeH4. Finally, we measured 0.8 ± 0.2 ppb for CO in the deep atmosphere.
Blue Straggler Stars Beyond the Milky Way. III. Detection of Evolved Blue Straggler Candidates in Large Magellanic Cloud Clusters
Authors: Li Chengyuan , Deng Licai , Bekki Kenji , Hong Jongsuk , Grijs Richard de , For Bi-Qing
Published: August 2018

We analyze Hubble Space Telescope observations of nine Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters with ages of 1–2 Gyr to search for evolved counterparts of blue straggler stars. Near the red clump regions in the clusters’ color–magnitude diagrams, we find branches of evolved stars that are much brighter than normal evolved stars. We examine the effects of photometric artifacts, differential reddening, and field contamination. We conclude that these bright evolved stars cannot be explained by any of these effects. Our statistical tests show that the contributions of photometric uncertainties, crowding effects, and differential reddening to these bright evolved stars are insufficient to fully explain their presence. Based on isochrone fitting, we have also ruled out the possibility that these bright evolved stars could be reproduced by an internal chemical abundance spread. The spatial distributions of the bright evolved stars exhibit clear concentrations that cannot be explained by homogeneously distributed field stars. This is further confirmed based on Monte Carlo-based tests. By comparing our observations with stellar evolution models, we find that the masses of most of the bright evolved stars do not exceed twice the average mass of normal evolved stars. We suggest that these bright evolved stars are, in fact, evolved blue straggler stars.
Self-similar Approach for Rotating Magnetohydrodynamic Solar and Astrophysical Structures
Authors: Luna M. , Priest E. , Moreno-Insertis F.
Published: August 2018

Rotating magnetic structures are common in astrophysics, from vortex tubes and tornadoes in the Sun all the way to jets in different astrophysical systems. The physics of these objects often combine inertial, magnetic, gas pressure, and gravitational terms. Also, they often show approximate symmetries that help simplify the otherwise rather intractable equations governing their morphology and evolution. Here we propose a general formulation of the equations assuming axisymmetry and a self-similar form for all variables: in spherical coordinates (r, θ, ϕ), the magnetic field and plasma velocity are taken to be of the form

and

, with corresponding expressions for the scalar variables like pressure and density. Solutions are obtained for potential, force-free, and non-force-free magnetic configurations. Potential field solutions can be found for all values of n. Nonpotential force-free solutions possess an azimuthal component B

ϕ
and exist only for n ≥ 2; the resulting structures are twisted and have closed field lines but are not collimated around the system axis. In the non-force-free case, including gas pressure, the magnetic field lines acquire an additional curvature to compensate for an outward pointing pressure gradient force. We have also considered a pure rotation situation with no gravity, in the zero-β limit: the solution has cylindrical geometry and twisted magnetic field lines. The latter solutions can be helpful in producing a collimated magnetic field structure; but they exist only when n < 0 and m < 0: for applications they must be matched to an external system at a finite distance from the origin.
Long-term Behavior of a Type IIP Supernova SN 2004dj in the Radio Bands
Authors: A. J. Nayana , Chandra Poonam , K. Ray Alak
Published: August 2018

We present radio observations and modeling of one of the nearest and brightest Type IIP supernova SN 2004dj exploded in the galaxy NGC 2403 at a distance of ∼3.5 Mpc. Our observations span a wide frequency and temporal range of 0.24–43 GHz and ∼1 day to 12 years since the discovery. We model the radio light curves and spectra with the synchrotron emission. We estimate the mass-loss rate of the progenitor star to be

 ∼ 1 × 10−6

for a wind speed of 10 km s−1. We calculate the radio spectral indices using 1.06, 1.40, 5.00, and 8.46 GHz flux density measurements at multiple epochs. We witness steepening in the spectral index values for an extended period predominantly at higher frequencies. We explain this as a signature of electron cooling happening at the supernova shock in the plateau phase of the supernova. We estimate the cooling timescales for inverse Compton cooling and synchrotron cooling and find that inverse Compton cooling is the dominant cooling process.
Predictability of the Solar Cycle Over One Cycle
Authors: Jiang Jie , Wang Jing-Xiu , Jiao Qi-Rong , Cao Jin-Bin
Published: August 2018

The prediction of the strength of future solar cycles is of interest because of its practical significance for space weather and as a test of our theoretical understanding of the solar cycle. The Babcock–Leighton mechanism allows predictions by assimilating the observed magnetic field on the surface. Since the emergence of sunspot groups has random properties, making it impossible to accurately predict the solar cycle and strongly limiting the scope of cycle predictions, we develop a scheme to investigate the predictability of the solar cycle over one cycle. When a cycle has been ongoing for more than three years, the sunspot group emergence can be predicted along with its uncertainty during the rest time of the cycle. The method for this prediction is to start by generating a set of random realizations that obey the statistical relations of the sunspot emergence. We then use a surface flux transport model to calculate the possible axial dipole moment evolutions. The correlation between the axial dipole moment at cycle minimum and the subsequent cycle strength and other empirical properties of solar cycles are used to predict the possible profiles of the subsequent cycle. We apply this scheme to predict the large-scale field evolution from 2018 to the end of cycle 25, whose maximum strength is expected to lie in the range from 93 to 155 with a probability of 95%.
Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. I. Self-similar Solutions and Application to Failed Supernovae
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Quataert Eliot , Ro Stephen
Published: August 2018

We present solutions for the self-similar propagation of a shock wave in a hydrostatic, adiabatic medium with a point mass gravitational field. In contrast to the well-known, Sedov–Taylor blast wave, these solutions apply to the case when the shock Mach number is of the order of a few, and the energy of the shocked fluid is not conserved but self-consistently modified by the binding energy of the ambient medium that is swept up by the passage of the shock. Furthermore, we show that there is one solution (for a given ambient density profile) that smoothly passes through a sonic point in the post-shock flow and results in accretion onto the central object; in analogy with the Bondi problem, we propose that these solutions are the ones that are most relevant in astrophysical environments. We apply these accreting models to failed supernovae, in which neutron star formation does not unbind the envelope, but a weak shock is still generated in the outer layers of the star from neutrino-induced mass loss. We find excellent agreement between the predictions of our self-similar, shock propagation model and numerical simulations of the collapse of a yellow supergiant; the self-similar solutions reproduce the overall scaling of the shock speed; the time- and space-dependent evolution of the velocity, density, and pressure behind the shock; and the accretion rate onto the black hole. Our results have important implications for the fallback and ejection of material in failed supernovae.
On the Multiwavelength Emission from CTA 102
Authors: Gasparyan S. , Sahakyan N. , Baghmanyan V. , Zargaryan D.
Published: August 2018

We report on broadband observations of CTA 102 (z = 1.037) during the active states in 2016–2017. In the γ-ray band, Fermi-LAT observed several prominent flares that followed a harder-when-brighter behavior: the hardest photon index Γ = 1.61 ± 0.10 being unusual for flat-spectrum radio quasars. The peak γ-ray flux above 100 MeV,

observed on MJD 57,738.47 within 4.31 minutes, corresponds to an isotropic γ-ray luminosity of

, comparable to the highest values observed from blazars so far. The analyses of the Swift UVOT/XRT data show an increase in the UV/optical and X-ray bands that is contemporaneous with the bright γ-ray periods. The X-ray spectrum observed by Swift XRT and NuSTAR during the γ-ray flaring period is characterized by a hard photon index of ∼1.30. The shortest e-folding time was 4.08 ± 1.44 hr, suggesting a very compact emission region

cm. We modeled the spectral energy distribution of CTA 102 in several periods (having different properties in UV/optical, X-ray, and γ-ray bands) assuming a compact blob inside and outside the BLR. We found that the high-energy data are better described when the infrared thermal radiation of the dusty torus is considered. In the flaring periods when the correlation between the γ-ray and UV/optical/X-ray bands is lacking, the γ-ray emission can be produced from the interaction of fresh electrons in a different blob, which does not make a dominant contribution at lower energies.
RELICS: A Strong Lens Model for SPT-CLJ0615–5746, a z = 0.972 Cluster
Authors: Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Sharon Keren , Coe Dan , Mahler Guillaume , Cerny Catherine , Johnson Traci L. , Schrabback Tim , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Bradač Maruša , Bradley Larry D. , Carrasco Daniela , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin T. , Huang Kuang-Han , Jones Christine , Lam Daniel , Livermore Rachael , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Oesch Pascal A. , Ogaz Sara , Past Matthew , Peterson Avery , Ryan Russell E. , Salmon Brett , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Umetsu Keiichi , Vulcani Benedetta , Zitrin Adi
Published: August 2018

We present a lens model for the cluster SPT-CLJ0615−5746, which is the highest-redshift (z = 0.972) system in the Reionization of Lensing Clusters Survey, making it the highest-redshift cluster for which a full, strong lens model is published. We identify three systems of multiply imaged lensed galaxies, two of which we spectroscopically confirm at z = 1.358 and z = 4.013, which we use as constraints for the model. We find a foreground structure at z ∼ 0.4, which we include as a second cluster-sized halo in one of our models; however, two different statistical tests find the best-fit model consists of one cluster-sized halo combined with three individually optimized galaxy-sized halos, as well as contributions from the cluster galaxies themselves. We find the total projected mass density within r = 26.″7 (the region where the strong lensing constraints exist) to be

M
☉. If we extrapolate out to r
500, our projected mass density is consistent with the mass inferred from weak lensing and from the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (M ∼ 1015
M
☉). This cluster is lensing a previously reported z ∼ 10 galaxy, which, if spectroscopically confirmed, will be the highest-redshift strongly lensed galaxy known.
Searching for All-scale Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above the Ankle
Authors: Ahlers Markus
Published: August 2018

The Pierre Auger Observatory has recently reported the detection of a dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 EeV with a post-trial significance of more than 5.2σ. This observation has profound consequences for the distribution and composition of candidate sources of cosmic rays above the ankle (3–5 EeV). In this paper we search for the presence of anisotropies on all angular scales in public Auger data. The analysis follows a likelihood-based reconstruction method that automatically accounts for variations in the observatory’s angular acceptance and background rate. Our best-fit dipole anisotropy in the equatorial plane has an amplitude of 5.3% ± 1.3% and R.A. angle of 103° ± 15°, consistent with the results of the Pierre Auger Collaboration. We do not find evidence for the presence of medium- or small-scale anisotropies. The method outlined in this paper is well-suited for future analyses of cosmic ray anisotropies below the ankle, where cosmic ray detection in surface arrays is not fully efficient and dominated by systematic uncertainties.
The Low Detection Rate of Pair–instability Supernovae and the Effect of the Core Carbon Fraction
Authors: Takahashi Koh
Published: August 2018

The pair-instability supernova (PISN) is a common fate of very massive stars (VMSs). Current theory predicts initial and CO core mass ranges for PISNe of ∼140–260 and ∼65–120 M
⊙, respectively, for stars that are not much affected by the wind mass loss. The corresponding relative event rate between PISNe and core-collapse supernovae is estimated to be ∼1% for the present-day initial mass function. However, no confident PISN candidate has been detected so far, despite more than 1000 supernovae being discovered every year. We investigate the evolution of VMSs with various core carbon-to-oxygen ratios for the first time by introducing a multiplication factor

to the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate. We find that a less massive VMS with a high X(C)/X(O) develops shell convection during the core carbon-burning phase, with which the star avoids the pair-creation instability. The second result is the high explodability for a massive VMS; i.e., a star with high X(C)/X(O) explodes with a smaller explosion energy. Consequently, the initial and CO core mass ranges for PISNe are significantly increased. Finally, a PISN with high X(C)/X(O) yields a smaller amount of 56Ni. Therefore, PISNe with high X(C)/X(O) are much rarer and fainter. This result advances the first theory to decrease the PISN event rate by directly shifting the CO core mass range.
Detection of Bursts from FRB 121102 with the Effelsberg 100 m Radio Telescope at 5 GHz and the Role of Scintillation
Authors: Spitler L. G. , Herrmann W. , Bower G. C. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Hessels J. W. T. , Kramer M. , Michilli D. , Scholz P. , Seymour A. , Siemion A. P. V.
Published: August 2018

FRB 121102, the only repeating fast radio burst (FRB) known to date, was discovered at 1.4 GHz and shortly after the discovery of its repeating nature, detected up to 2.4 GHz. Here, we present three bursts detected with the 100 m Effelsberg radio telescope at 4.85 GHz. All three bursts exhibited frequency structure on broad and narrow frequency scales. Using an autocorrelation function analysis, we measured a characteristic bandwidth of the small-scale structure of 6.4 ± 1.6 MHz, which is consistent with the diffractive scintillation bandwidth for this line of sight through the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) predicted by the NE2001 model. These were the only detections in a campaign totaling 22 hr in 10 observing epochs spanning five months. The observed burst detection rate within this observation was inconsistent with a Poisson process with a constant average occurrence rate; three bursts arrived in the final 0.3 hr of a 2 hr observation on 2016 August 20. We therefore observed a change in the rate of detectable bursts during this observation, and we argue that boosting by diffractive interstellar scintillations may have played a role in the detectability. Understanding whether changes in the detection rate of bursts from FRB 121102 observed at other radio frequencies and epochs are also a product of propagation effects, such as scintillation boosting by the Galactic ISM or plasma lensing in the host galaxy, or an intrinsic property of the burst emission will require further observations.
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and molecular subtypes of S. Enteritidis isolated from children in Shanghai
Authors: Xu Li , Zhou Xiujuan , Xu Xuebin , Matthews Karl R , Liu Yue , Kuang Dai , Shi Xianming
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella poses a key threat to public health worldwide. Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) (119 isolates) from children under 10 years old with diarrhea in Shanghai from 2010-2012 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence gene profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns.

Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration for the 119 S. Enteritidis isolates was determined using an agar dilution method. The presence of virulence genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All the isolates with antimicrobial resistance were subjected to PFGE analysis.

Results: Among these isolates, 71.4% (85) were resistant to sulfafurazole, 59.7% (71) were resistant to ampicillin, 47.1% (56) were resistant to streptomycin, 7.6% (9) were resistant to ceftiofur and 3.4% (4) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 63.9% (76) of the isolates; 23 resistance profiles were identified. All isolates harbored the ssaQ and sopE virulence genes in the 16 virulence profiles (VPs); VP1 accounted for 70.59% of the 119 isolates. There were 57 PFGE patterns among the 92 isolates tested, mainly grouped into five clusters (A to E). All of the 76 MDR isolates carried multiple virulence genes.

Conclusions: Our study provides useful microbiological data for the successful treatment of S. Enteritidis infections in Shanghai. Although broad spectrum antimicrobials may be useful in the treatment of invasive S. Enteritidis infections, clinicians need to be aware of common microbiological traits, because of the high prevalence of MDR.
Seroprevalence of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever among health care workers in a hospital in an endemic region of Turkey
Authors: Temocin Fatih , Köse Hatice , Sarı Tuğba , Duygu Fazilet , Şahin Ramazan Oguz
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) can also be transmitted through unprotected contact directly with blood or body fluids as well as from laboratories. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of CCHF disease in the employees of the State Hospital of Yozgat Province, located in Central Anatolia of Turkey, and also to present the risk factors for healthcare workers.

Methodology: A total of 112 volunteer employees of Yozgat State Hospital were included in the study. The study volunteers were divided into two groups: one having had a contact with CCHF patients and patient’s samples and the other a non-contact group.

Results: In the contact group, 2 (2.9%) out of 67 subjects tested positive for anti-CCHF IgG; however, in the non-contact group, none of the subjects tested positive (Fisher's exact test p > 0.05). Of the two employees who tested positive, one was working at the microbiology laboratory and the other was from the emergency department.

Conclusion: Although cases of nosocomial transmission of CCHF have been reported previously, questions on the mode of transmission of the disease are still unanswered. The risk factors for the disease should, therefore, be identified in order to take the necessary measures.
Renal Arteries Embolization in Unresectable Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: First Time Experience at Haji Adam Malik Hospital
Authors: Perdana Noor Riza , Rahmi Dulay Elvita , Prapiska Fauriski Febrian
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of renal arterial embolisation (RAE) in unresectable renal tumour before nephrectomy.CASE REPORT: On presentation, the clinical features of this patient, including medical history, signs and symptoms, imaging examinations were recorded. After diagnosis and initial treatment, the result and histopathological examination were performed and discussed. We performed RAE in the unresectable renal tumour in the 28-year-old male that was complaining a palpable pain right flank mass and intermittent hematuria that had been observed five months earlier. A month after RAE, the tumour shrinks and become resectable. The parameter used was tumour volume, propulsion and component, with subjective value VAS, hematuria symptom and Quality Of Life Score EORTC-QLQ C30. The next step we performed nephrectomy with histopathology results in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (CCRC).CONCLUSION: RAE is an effective therapeutic and adjuvant tool because it facilitates the dissection of unresectable large renal tumours and tumours with extensive involvement around the renal hilum; it leading to lower overall morbidity. However, the lack of randomised prospective studies is the primary reason that RAE is not used often before surgery.
Quality of Life-Repeated Measurements Are Needed In Dialysis Patients
Authors: Trajceska Lada , Mladenovska Daniela , Dzekova-Vidimliski Pavlina , Sikole Aleksandar
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: There is a general agreement that, besides survival, the quality of life is a highly relevant outcome in the evaluation of treatment in patients with the end-stage renal disease. Moreover, it is very important to determine whether the quality of life impacts survival.AIM: This study aims to assess whether changes or absolute scores of the quality of life (QOL) measurements better predict mortality in dialysis patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a longitudinal study comprising 162 prevalent hemodialysis patients QOL was assessed with the 36-item - Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) at baseline and after 12 months. Patients were followed for 60 months. Mortality risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis for patients with below and above median levels of both physical and mental QOL component scores (PCS and MCS, respectively).RESULTS: At the beginning of the study the mean Physical Component score was 47.43 ± 26.94 and mean Mental Component Score was slightly higher 50.57 ± 24.39. Comparative analysis of the changes during the first year showed a marked deterioration of all quality of life scores in surviving patients. The 5-point decline for PCS was noted in 39 (24%) patients and 42 (26%) for MCS. In the follow-up period of 60 months, 69 (43%) patients died. In the Cox analysis, mortality was significantly associated with lower PCS: HR = 2.554 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.533-4.258], (P < 0.000) and lower MCS: 2.452 (95%CI: 1.478-4.065), P < 0.001. The patients who had lower levels of PCS and MCS in the second QOL survey 1 year later, had similarly high mortality risk: 3.570 (95%CI: 1.896-6.727, P < 0.000); 2.972 (95%CI: 1.622-5.490, P < 0.000), respectively. The hazard ratios for mortality across categories for the change of PCS and MCS were not significant. In the multivariate model categorising the first and second scores as predictors and adjusted for age, only the second PCS and MCS score were associated with mortality.CONCLUSION: Low QOL scores are associated with mortality in repeated measurements, but only the more recent overwhelmed the power of the decline.
An Intracerebral Penetration of Air Shotgun Pellet in Toddler: A Case without Neurological Sequelae
Authors: Niryana Wayan , Irawan Hendry , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: A non-powder firearm including air shotgun remains a significant source of injury to children. It causes severe damage and can involve the brain, eyes, heart, abdomen, and other body parts.CASE REPORT: A toddler boy was accidentally shot by an air shotgun at the forehead, and there was no sign of neurological deficit, both before and after surgical removal of the pellet. Herein, we report a case of air shotgun pellet which penetrated a toddler’s head from the forehead, all the way up to the occiput. Removal of the pellet was successfully performed without eliciting any neurological sequelae.CONCLUSION: Air shotgun pellet may potentially cause severe injury to the central nervous system when the head is affected, which can be safely prevented by a prompt but deliberate surgical removal. The study would also like to emphasise the importance of education to reduce gunshot incidence in the pediatric population.
A new method for fine-scale assessments of the average urban Heat island over large areas and the effectiveness of nature-based solutions
Authors: Lauwaet Dirk , De Nijs Ton , Liekens Inge , Hooyberghs Hans , Verachtert Els , Lefebvre Wouter , De Ridder Koen , Remme Roy , Broekx Steven
Published: August 2018

People living in cities experience extra heat stress due to the so-called Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. To gain an insight into the spatial variability of the UHI for the Netherlands, a detailed map (10 m horizontal resolution) has been calculated that shows the summer-averaged daily maximal UHI situation. The map is based on a relationship between the UHI, mean wind speed at 10 m height and the number of people living within a distance of 10 km, derived from simulations of over 100 European cities with the extensively validated urban climate model UrbClim. The cooling effect of green and blue infrastructure is also taken into account in the map, based on these simulation results. The presented map will help local authorities in defining target areas for climate adaptation measures and estimate the impact of nature-based solutions.
The quest for the identity of Orthoceratium lacustre (Scopoli, 1763) reveals centuries of misidentifications (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)
Authors: Pollet Marc , Stark Andreas
Published: August 2018

Recently, a species ofOrthoceratiumwas collected in Greece that differs morphologically from the European species commonly presumed to beOrthoceratiumlacustre(Scopoli, 1763). Verification of the identity of the Greek species through comparison with 460 specimens ofOrthoceratiumfrom 17 West Palaearctic and one Afrotropical country, and examination of existing type material, revealed that the species recognized asO.lacustrein northwestern Europe for over 250 years is actuallyO.sabulosum(Becker, 1907), the other known species in the genus, which was originally described from Tunisia. Although the types ofO.lacustrehave been lost, a comparison of the distribution ranges of both species in Europe provided evidence that the species collected in Greece is conspecific withO.lacustre. Both species have distinct distributions in the West Palaearctic, withO.lacustrelargely restricted to the northern border of the Mediterranean basin, andO.sabulosummore widespread, occurring in northwestern Europe, the western, southern, and eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Afrotropical Region (Tanzania). Both species are redescribed and fully illustrated, a neotype is designated forO.lacustreand a lectotype forO.sabulosum, and a key to males and females is provided. The misidentifications that lasted for over two centuries are explained by the omission by previous authors to study the type specimens, and inaccuracies in species descriptions and keys.
Doubling the known endemic species diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae)
Authors: Hardy Nate B. , Williams Douglas J.
Published: August 2018

Fourteen species of armored scale insects are known only from New Caledonia. Here, the adult female of fourteen more are described:Agrophaspisansevataesp. n.,Aonidiamontikoghissp. n.,Aonidiapaucasp. n.,Fernaldannawhitasp. n.,Furcaspiscostulariaesp. n.,Greeniellacasuarinaesp. n.,Greenielladacrydiaesp. n.,Lepidosaphesmonticolasp. n.,Leptaspispegegen. et sp. n.,Leucaspismontikoghissp. n.,Melanaspisnothofagisp. n.,Neomorganianothofagisp. n.,Pseudaonidiadugdalisp. n., andPseudaonidiayateensissp. n.We note that the diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects appears to have resulted more from trans-oceanic dispersal than in situ speciation.
Peripheral Nerve Injury Following Interscalene Blocks: A Systematic Review to Guide Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Holbrook Hayden S. , Parker Benjamin R.
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this review was to determine the incidence and duration of peripheral neurologic symptoms following interscalene blocks for shoulder surgery. Three databases were reviewed for subjective and objective injuries by guidance modality and delivery method. The incidence of neurologic injuries following single site injection interscalene blocks, 3.16%, was significantly less than the 5.24% incidence for continuous catheter infusion interscalene blocks. Less than 0.51% of peripheral neurologic symptoms persisted beyond 1 year for both groups. There is a notable risk of injury following interscalene blocks by all modes of guidance and anesthetic technique, but only a small percentage of injuries persist. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(5):e598–e606.]
Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Newman Jared M. , Sodhi Nipun , Khlopas Anton , Sultan Assem A. , Chughtai Morad , Abraham Roby , Oh Jason , Molloy Robert M. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: August 2018

This review evaluated (1) original and newer cementless implants; (2) outcomes of newer designs; (3) risks and benefits; and (4) newer cementless vs cemented total knee arthroplasties. A search for all reports on cementless total knee arthroplasties published from January 2010 to April 2017 was performed, and 31 studies were included for final analysis. Newer cementless total knee arthroplasty designs have shown excellent survivorship, functional outcomes, and satisfaction rates in both young and elderly populations. Compared with cement fixation, there may be potential benefits with the newer cementless implants. However, these findings need to be further substantiated with additional studies reporting longer-term results. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(5):263–273.]
Localization of Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Schwartz Roy , Hykin Philip , Sivaprasad Sobha
Published: August 2018

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) refers to band-like hyperreflective lesions seen on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, mostly confined to the inner nuclear layer. It has been previously demonstrated to involve the deep capillary plexus (DCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A 29-year-old female presented with PAMM and was investigated using a new OCTA system that shows not just the superficial capillary plexus and DCP, but also the four vascular plexuses as previously demonstrated in histology. Using this system, involvement of the DCP was shown, but also of more superficial layers, including the intermediate capillary plexus.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:619–624.]
Les éléments territoriaux naturels mobiles subissant les conséquences du changement climatique : esquisse d’un régime de droit international en devenir
Authors: Sohnle Jochen
Published: August 2018

La présente contribution s’interroge sur le régime juridique international des éléments territoriaux naturels mobiles (comme des espèces vivantes et des ressources aquatiques) dans le contexte du changement climatique. Dans un premier temps, ces éléments sont déterminés par rapport aux théories juridiques sur le territoire étatique. Même si le droit international traditionnel éprouve des difficultés conceptuelles face à cette mobilité, il est effectivement possible de rassembler ces éléments dans une catégorie juridique homogène. Cela permet, dans un second temps, de proposer les principes applicables à ces éléments, à la fois sur le plan procédural et matériel.
Rapport introductif « La lutte contre le réchauffement climatique après l’Accord de Paris : quelles perspectives ? »
Authors: Petit Yves
Published: August 2018

Alors que le climat se réchauffe à un rythme rapide, il était impossible que la Conférence de Paris sur le climat (COP 21) échoue. À la vérité, la Conférence des Parties (COP) a adopté dans la liesse un accord qui restera gravé dans les mémoires. Traité innovant, l’Accord de Paris introduit une nouvelle technique de lutte contre le changement climatique, mais également une nouvelle logique de lutte. Les innovations en matière de lutte contre le réchauffement sont porteuses d’évolutions tant en droit des traités qu’en droit de l’environnement. L’Accord de Paris est en effet d’une grande complexité architecturale et normative. Il accroît notamment la portée de plusieurs principes du droit de l’environnement. C’est par exemple la première fois qu’un accord multilatéral universel contient la notion de justice climatique. En retenant une nouvelle logique de lutte contre le réchauffement, l’Accord de Paris fait ressortir ses dimensions spécifiques. Il peut être qualifié à la fois d’accord global permettant de renouveler l’ambition climatique, tout en étant également un accord dynamique qui renforce l’ambition climatique commune, dans l’espoir de parvenir à limiter le réchauffement de la planète à 2°C, voire 1,5°C.
Politiques urbaines et biodiversité en ville : un front écologique? Le cas de la MGP, Métropole du Grand Paris
Authors: Rochard Hugo , About Cédissia , Frascaria-Lacoste Nathalie , Jacob Philippe , Simon Laurent , Pech Pierre
Published: August 2018

Au sein de la plupart des grandes métropoles, les pouvoirs publics développent des stratégies en faveur de la biodiversité, en vue de renforcer les espaces de nature dans le tissu urbain ou de renaturer des espaces artificiels. La MGP, Métropole du Grand Paris, créée en 2016, rassemble la commune parisienne et plus de 130 autres communes dans un établissement territorial chargé de la planification urbaine. L’analyse des entretiens effectués auprès de 21 élus de la MGP permet de suggérer que la biodiversité constitue un levier favorable à l’épanouissement de ce Grand Paris sous la forme d’un double front écologique. La biodiversité fait l’objet d’une attention particulière du fait d’une reconnaissance partagée de ses services écosystémiques et les politiques publiques intègrent la biodiversité comme élément structurant dans les projets de rénovation urbaine au sein de la MGP.
Fuzzy Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem Under Fuzzy Job Deterioration and Learning Effects With Fuzzy Processing Times
Authors: Arık Oğuzhan Ahmet , Toksarı Mehmet Duran
Published: August 2018

This chapter presents a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for a fuzzy parallel machine scheduling problem under fuzzy job deterioration and learning effects with fuzzy processing times in order to minimize fuzzy makespan. The uncertainty of parameters such as learning/deterioration effects and processing times in a scheduling problem makes the solution of the problem uncertain. Fuzzy sets can be used to encode uncertainty in parameters. In this chapter, possibilistic distributions of fuzzy parameters and possibilistic linear programming approaches are used in order to create a solution method for MINLP model of fuzzy parallel machine scheduling problem.
Risks in Sustainable Food Supply Chain Management
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Mangla Sachin Kumar , Patil Pravin P.
Published: August 2018

Sustainability is the important factor in the food sector, due to the large demand worldwide. Sustainability in food sector is not accepted globally as per the growing demand of food. Because of business risks, uncertainty, government policy, technology, innovation, etc. So, in this article we will discuss about the risks in adoption of sustainable food supply chain management (SFSCM) and ranking the risks by using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) technique. We acknowledged various SFSCM related risks and suitable correlation among the identified risks. Ranking the risks by using Fuzzy AHP approach based on their priorities. Nine risks were identified from literature survey and expert's views. Risks like safety, technology, and legal and monetary of food, etc., are barriers in successful adoption of sustainability in the food sector. The risks related some terms which were found according to Indian culture and lifestyle of Indians.
A Study and Estimation of Different Distance Measures in Generalized Fuzzy TOPSIS to Improve Ranking Order
Authors: Aruldoss Martin , Travis Miranda Lakshmi , Venkatasamy Prasanna Venkatesan
Published: August 2018

Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) is used to solve multiple conflicting criteria. There are different methods available in MCDM out of which TOPSIS is a well- known method to solve precise and imprecise information. In this chapter, triangular fuzzy TOPSIS is considered which has different steps like normalization, weight, finding of positive ideal solution (PIS) and negative ideal solution (NIS), distance between PIS and NIS, calculating relative closeness coefficient (RCC) value and ranking the alternatives. Out of these different steps a distance method is studied. The distance measures are basically used to find the distance between the target alternative and the best and the least alternatives. The most commonly used distance method is Euclidean distance. Many other distance methods are available such as Manhattan, Bit-vector, Hamming, Chebyshev distance, etc. To obtain the appropriate distance, these methods are evaluated. The proposed approach is applied in banking domain to find the suitable user for multi criteria reporting (MCR).
Dynamic, Online, Objective Assessment for Continuous Assessment
Authors: Hatt Justin
Published: August 2018

Continuous assessment can be helpful in getting students to practice what they are learning throughout a course. However, the task of administering continuous assessment, especially in a higher education setting, can require a significant amount of effort from teachers and lecturers; as a result, it is possible the quality of tasks encompassed in a continuous assessment strategy will be weakened or lessened. Good online assessment applications can help teachers and lecturers create suitable assessments whilst also providing relevant statistical information that helps them understand the progress students are making in their courses. This chapter will explore the potential for implementing objective, online assessment as a continuous assessment strategy in higher education. Focus will be given particularly to an application known as Maths (previously Mathletics) to explore the features that can exist to support and enhance the learning environment for students in higher education.
Aligning E-Assessment With Learning Outcomes
Authors: Falcao Rita , Soeiro Alfredo
Published: August 2018

The chapter contributes to establishing a pedagogical framework for the implementation of e-assessment based on learning outcomes. The authors of this work have developed a model for the alignment of intended LOs with e-assessment derived from the concept of alignment defended by different authors. The chapter will describe the ALOA conceptual model for aligning learning outcomes and e-assessment, focusing on specific issues related with e-assessment. The chapter will briefly describe the implementation of the ALOA model in the context of the TALOE project (time to assess learning outcomes in e-learning).