bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Bang!”: ShotSpotter Gunshot Detection Technology, Predictive Policing, and Measuring Terry’s Reach
Authors: Gee Harvey
Published: September 2022

ShotSpotter technology is a rapid identification and response system used in ninety American cities that is designed to detect gunshots and dispatch police. ShotSpotter is one of many powerful surveillance tools used by local police departments to purportedly help fight crime, but they often do so at the expense of infringing upon privacy rights and civil liberties. This Article expands the conversation about ShotSpotter technology considerably by examining the adjacent Fourth Amendment issues emanating from its use. For example, law enforcement increasingly relies on ShotSpotter to create reasonable suspicion where it does not exist. In practice, the use of ShotSpotter increases the frequency of police interactions, which also increases the risk of Black Americans becoming the victims of police brutality or harassment. Such racialized policing facilitates the status quo of violence and bias against Black Americans.

This Article uses recent cases from the D.C., the Fourth, and Seventh Circuits as a foundation to argue that officers arriving on the scene to investigate a gunshot sound they were alerted of via ShotSpotter technology should not be allowed to use the gunshot sound as the basis of reasonable suspicion and subsequent search and seizure. At the heart of this Article is the argument that the use of ShotSpotter technology is unconstitutional under City of Indianapolis v. Edmond because it is not used for a specific law enforcement purpose beyond preventing crime generally. Under the reasoning and result of Edmond, law enforcement is prohibited from using ShotSpotters unless officers have reasons for individualized suspicion.

Spending more money on ineffective ShotSpotters placed in “high crime” neighborhoods across America is not the answer to reducing gun violence. As seen with Oakland’s successful Ceasefire program, there are innovative ways to simultaneously build trust in communities and curb gun violence. Indeed, properly designed group violence reduction strategies will foster and maintain dignity for participants in a program tailored to saves lives and promote community healing.
What Causes ME/CFS: The Role of the Dysfunctional Immune System and Viral Infections
Authors: Bansal Amolak S
Published: September 2022

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) remains an enigmatic highly disabling and complex long-term condition with a wide range of aetiologies and symptoms. A viral onset is commonly mentioned by patients and several bodily systems are ultimately disturbed. The parallel with long-covid is clear. However, immune dysregulation with impaired NK cell dysfunction and tendency to novel autoimmunity have been frequently reported. These may contribute to reactivation of previous acquired viruses/retrovirusesaccompanied by impaired endocrine regulation and mitochondrial energy generation. The unpredictable nature of seemingly unconnected and diverse symptoms that are poorly responsive to several allopathic and alternative therapies then contributes to an escalation of the illness with secondary dysfunction of multiple other systems. Treatment of established ME/CFS is therefore difficult and requires multi-specialty input addressing each of the areas affected by the illness.
A Simple proof of the Gan-Loh-Sudakov Conjecture
Authors: Chao Ting-Wei , Dong Zichao
Published: September 2022

We give a new unified proof that any simple graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree at most $\Delta$ has no more than $a\binom{\Delta+1}{t}+\binom{b}{t}$ cliques of size $t \ (t \ge 3)$, where $n = a(\Delta+1)+b \ (0 \le b \le \Delta)$.
Pendidikan Karakter Multidimensi sebagai Aplikasi Konsep Merdeka Belajar dalam Menyambut Bonus Demografi
Authors: Al Kahar Aris Armeth Daud
Published: September 2022

Pendidikan karakter bangsa adalah satu langkah persiapan yang harus dilakukan untuk menyambut bonus demografi. Untuk menjadikan bangsa berkarakter, diperlukan adanya langkah yang strategis guna membangun bangsa yang lebih beradab. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan kajian literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah merdeka belajar merupakan sebuah gagasan yang membebaskan para guru dan peserta didik dalam menentukan sistem pembelajaran. Tujuan dari merdeka belajar, yakni menciptakan pendidikan yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik dan guru karena selama ini pendidikan di Indonesia lebih menekankan pada aspek pengetahuan daripada aspek keterampilan. Merdeka belajar juga menekankan pada aspek pengembangan karakter yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai bangsa Indonesia. Selain itu, Indonesia pada saat ini akan dihadapkan dengan bonus demografi di mana masyarakat Indonesia yang berusia produktif akan lebih banyak. Bonus demogafi adalah suatu fenomena di mana struktur penduduk sangat menguntungkan dari sisi pembangunan suatu negara karena jumlah penduduk usia produktif sangat besar, sedangkan proporsi untuk usia muda sudah semakin kecil dan proporsi usia lanjut sedikit. Pendidikan karakter multidimensi hadir sebagai langkah mempersiapkan masyarakat indonesia yang tidak hanya produktif melainkan juga berkarakter melalui pendidikan di setiap lini kehidupan masyarakat indonesia baik pada jalur formal, informal, maupun nonformal.
The Function of Politeness of Teacher Language In Implementing Character Values To The Primary School Students
Authors: Dina Mardiana  , Iwan Fauzi  , Setiana Leli Nisfi
Published: September 2022

This research aims to identify the function of the language politeness of the teacher in implanting character values to students in the primary school. The research was carried out at the primary school of SD Muhammadiyah Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. A qualitative method was used in this research with a pragmatics research design. The pragmatics design used to analyze the data was based on the principle of politeness which included six maxims and five components of speech situation. The data were obtained from conversational discourse between teachers and students containing language politeness in teaching and learning activities at the school. Then the data were also supported by doing interviews with involved teachers and by reviewing assessment report documents of students to relate the function of the teacher's language politeness with student character values of being attained. The data obtained using the triangulation technique were analyzed and presented by the qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed that there were 150 items of teacher language politeness which provided very good functions in implanting character values to students as an effort to build character for primary school students
Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Wei Biao , Zhou Haijun , Li Guangxiang , Tang Bin
Published: September 2022

To explain the phenomenon of all-optical modulation of quantum cascade laser (QCL), and explore the physics in QCL’s gain medium which consists of multiple of dielectric nanostructures with high refractive index under light injection, we modified the 1½-period model to calculate values of electron population and lifetime in each subband which is separated by the nanostructures, optical gain, current and number of photons in the cavity of a mid-infrared QCL modulated with near-infrared optical injection. The results were consistent with an experiment, where the injected light increases the electron population and lifetime, but does not affect the optical gain obviously. Our study can be helpful for optimizing its use and dielectric nanostructure design.
Padlet como Herramienta de Difusión Digital en la Investigación Formativa de Estudiantes Universitarios
Authors: Delgado-Ramirez Jorge Cristopher , Chamba-Gomez Franklin David , Cuenca-Masache Diana Teresa , Ancajima-Mena Samuel David
Published: September 2022

La relación tecnología e investigación es considerable, al momento de presentar resultados, donde las revistas de divulgación científica tienen como única finalidad transmitir información a la comunidad en general donde cada experto investigativo puede plasmar los resultados de sus estudios considerando las políticas de cada plataforma de divulgación. Desde esta perspectiva el objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer cómo influye la herramienta Padlet en los procesos de difusión de resultados generados desde la practica formativa realizada en la capacitación universitaria. La metodología utilizada en este estudio se basó bajo el método inductivo-deductivo, paradigma pragmático, enfoque mixto, diseño explicativo secuencial y de tipo secuencial. Donde participaron 96 estudiantes universitarios quienes cursaban el periodo académico ordinario 2021 a quienes se les aplicó como instrumentos una encuesta basada en escala de Likert, además de la observación directa y la revisión bibliográfica. Dentro de los resultados se logró observar la elaboración y difusión de aproximadamente 40 trabajos académicos los cuales fueron presentados desde la herramienta Padlet siendo utilizada como medio de presentación en la difusión de resultados. En conclusión, los medios de difusión de trabajos investigativos son importantes en la actualidad, a fin de direccionar la divulgación del escrito académico con la intencionalidad de optimizar el proceso de educación en los diversos niveles de las instituciones educativas.
Methodological approach to substantiating the economic sustainability of combined passenger transport operators
Authors: Bafanov Artem P.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the author's approach to determining the actual scientific and practical task of developing a methodology for justifying the economic stability of a passenger transportation operator operating in a combined system based on interaction with adjacent modes of transport when organizing an effective route. The introduction presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators of passenger transport activity on inland waterways. There is a trend of increasing demand for combined passenger transportation routes in regional and interregional communications. Scientific research on the issue under consideration and existing methods for determining the level of economic sustainability of transport companies are analyzed. Based on the author's analysis, an approach has been developed to substantiate the economic sustainability of combined passenger transport operators in the form of a tree of properties of the evaluation model and key indicators and coefficients, taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of the river transport
Forecasting the volume of passenger transportation by inland water transport
Authors: Domnina Olga L. , Shalaeva Zhanna Yu.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the currently used methods of forecasting passenger traffic volumes. The authors considered both statistical forecasting methods based on the construction of trend lines, and methods that take into account, in addition to the trend values of traffic volume indicators, other factors that affect the forecast values of passenger transport. On the example of water transport, the forecast values of traffic volumes were calculated by various methods, and the analysis of the calculation results was carried out.
Formation of the infrastructure complex inland water transport
Authors: Korshunov Dmitry A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a study on the prospects for the formation of a single infrastructure complex of inland waterway transport. The purpose of the study is to identify the prerequisites for the development of container transportation by inland waterways of Russia and substantiate the characteristics of the infrastructure framework of the inland waterway transport. The objectives of the study were the analysis of the provisions of the draft Transport Strategy until 2035, the analysis of foreign experience in the development and problems of functioning of foreign water transport systems, the identification of problems and urgent tasks of the development of transportation involving inland waterway transport. The article suggests the directions of scientific developments relevant to the domestic water transport system within the framework of the general research topic related to the renewal of infrastructure for the development of combined and multimodal transportation on the inland waterways of Russia, the justification of the parameters and characteristics of container ships, the justification of effective multi-modal schemes and container lines on the river-sea sections, modeling of standard (standardized) multimodal river terminals, the formation of digital platforms for the organization of cargo transportation in containers along the river routes of the country, as well as the formation of a system of regulations governing direct mixed and multimodal cargo transportation. As the results of the study, the standardization of the parameters of which will allow forming on its basis the framework of a multimodal system for the delivery of bulk carriers in containers with the participation of inland waterway transport.
Prospects for the development of transport in the Caspian region in the era of change
Authors: Mineev Valery I. , Ivanov Valery M. , Kartashov Maxim V.
Published: September 2022

In the total volume of cargo turnover of Russian seaports, the share of the Caspian Sea is about 1% and, from the point of view of statistics, it has practically no effect on the overall efficiency of their activities. However, the geopolitical and economic significance of this region can hardly be overestimated. It is a kind of crossroads of the international latitudinal and meridional transport corridors "TRACECA" and "North-South". Today, the potential for cooperation in the Caspian region is not used enough, in particular, the potential for growth in the production of agro-industrial and industrial products, which can be directed to meet the growing needs of the post-Soviet Caspian countries, Iran, India and the Persian Gulf countries, is poorly realized. The prospects of the Caspian region are inextricably linked with the development of transportation, which determines the need to assess the existing promising cargo base. The ultimate goal of such an analysis is to develop programs for the development of existing and creation of new transport routes based on the principles of synchromodality, including the distribution of the cargo base between vehicles and the organization of their movement along the most profitable routes.
Methodological approaches to assessing the drift of the riffles of the lower pool of the Nizhegorodskaya HPP and their impact on ensuring the navigable depths of the site
Authors: Voronina Yulia E.
Published: September 2022

To ensure navigable depths in the problem area Gorodets - Nizhny Novgorod, significant dredging is required to develop almost all the riffles in the area. However, the sandy soils that make up the channel will lead to a significant sinking of the soil into the shipping channels, which will require additional dredging during the summer-autumn period when the water is low. Factors influencing a significant change in the site are: 1) exhausted hydraulic capacity of the river; 2) the influence of features associated with the location of the site within the lower pool of the Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric power station. The transferred calculations based on channel survey plans and the analytical method give comparable results.
Analysis of environmental aspects of ship operation during the navigation period
Authors: Naumov Victor S. , Kochneva Irina B.
Published: September 2022

The life cycle of the ship consists of stages – design, construction, operation, recycling. The article considers the sources of anthropogenic load of the ship on the environment, as well as the requirements of classification societies for measures to protect the environment from the activities of the ship. The analysis of the issues considered made it possible to establish environmental aspects at the stage of "designing" the life cycle of the ship and to identify processes and operations at the stage of "operation" related to the navigation period of the ship, for which it is also possible to apply these environmental aspects. For the designated environmental aspects, the relevant environmental impacts and the parameters by which their impact on the environment is limited are determined.
CHALLENGES OF APPLYING ETHIOPIAN VAT ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE TRANSACTION
Authors: Abdallah Abdulkarim Husen
Published: September 2022

AbstractTechnology has impacted the incidence and manner in which taxation is imposed. The geographical foundations of existing taxing systems and non-territorial character of e-commerce is at heart of the challenge that e-commerce poses to taxation. The problems of buyer’s identification, difficulty of establishing location/residence and status of party to e-commerce transactions are substantive challenges for Ethiopian VAT in the era of e-commerce. Similarly, the inadequacy of the Ethiopian VAT Proclamation to define what constitutes a ‘permanent establishment’ for e-commerce purposes, the absence of guidelines on acceptable records where goods are delivered, invoices issued and payments made by electronic means, lack of proper and adequate resources within the Tax Authority to monitor e-commerce transactions are identified as major challenges of applying Ethiopian VAT on e-commerce transactions. The article argues that a clear provision as to what constitutes a permanent establishment for e-commerce purposes should be recognised, and a special scheme which would require foreign vendors involved in supplying electronic services to Ethiopian consumer to register should be established. Further, for the sake of effective administration and collection of VAT revenue from e-commerce transactions, the cooperation of the Tax Authority with various stakeholders is advised.
WHY ARE CRYPTOCURRENCIES VULNERABLE TO PUMP-AND-DUMP SCHEMES IN EUROPE?
Authors: Constantino Torres Jorge E.
Published: September 2022

Cryptocurrency is a digital exchange medium stored in the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and form the basis for the term crypto-assets. This paper focuses on the group of cryptocurrencies (or crypto-assets) that belong to Public Permissionless Blockchains and explains historical pump-and-dump, and how this old scheme appears to be applied now to cryptocurrency trading. This work explores the nature of the blockchain ecosystem, where cryptocurrencies exist, and proposes that ironically the encryption and immutability nature of the blockchain make cryptocurrencies vulnerable to pump-and-dump schemes. The lack of adequate regulation in Europe leaves cryptocurrencies vulnerable to pump-and-dump schemes causing an overall effect of vulnerable consumers expossed to fraudsters. Cryptocurrency pump-and-dump also affects investors, the development of cryptocurrencies, and the blockchain itself.
Special Collection: Report on Blockchain for Societies
Authors: Ryabtsev Kirill , Schrepel Thibault , Cappiello Benedetta , Vieira Bruno , Muñoz Ferrandis Carlos , Luchetti Gabriel , Loo Johan , Hussain Hatim , Pomareda Jorge , Rodrigo Juan , García de Pesquera Villagrán Pedro , Van Bergem Rutger , Rojnić Sven , Burgemeester Thymo , Rengarajan Vassupradha
Published: September 2022

Edited by: Dr Thibault Schrepel and Kirill Ryabtsev.Authors: Benedetta Cappiello, Bruno Vieira, Carlos Muñoz Ferrandis, Gabriel Luchetti, Johan Loo, Hatim Hussain, Jorge Pomareda, Juan Rodrigo, Pedro García de Pesquera Villagrán, Rutger van Bergem, Sven Rojnić, Thymo P.J. Burgemeester, Vassupradha Rengarajan.The Amsterdam Law Forum (ALF) has released in this edition a Special Collection titled Report on Blockchain for Societies, which has been edited by Dr Thibault Schrepel who is an Associate Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU) and PhD student in blockchain and antitrust Kirill Ryabtsev. This Report is composed of several contributions written by prominent scholars and practitioners in the area of blockchain technology, the Report discusses the application of blockchain governance to various legal fields such as data protection, regulation of luxurious goods industry, real estate, health and vaccines, and laws on nationality.
International Politics Shaped by the EU: A Critical Analysis of the European Common Foreign and Security Policy
Authors: Ryabtsev Kirill , Belhadj Ali Chiraz
Published: September 2022

This article seeks to conduct a critical analysis of the place the EU currently occupies on the international scene and how it uses its central position to shape international politics in order to promote international peace and security. For this purpose, it will firstly provide the reader with a general overview of the CFSP and how the Lisbon treaty changed the EU’s functioning in this field. Secondly, taking the EU-Russia relations as a starting point, this paper will evaluate the means the EU employs to achieve its CFSP goals. Thirdly, it will seek to predict the possible future of the EU role as a unitary political actor in the global fora.
Editorial Note Summer Issue
Authors: Colis Myra , Constantino Jorge
Published: September 2022

The Board of Amsterdam Law Forum (ALF) hereby proudly presents the second issue published by its current editorial team. In this 2022 Summer Issue, we are pleased to introduce three articles in total. The first one is a peer-reviewed article that provides an analysis of the eighteenth-century prize systems and their role in the dynamics of the slave trade. The second one is an opinion article concerning the European Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and the third one is a Special Collection presenting a Report on blockchain in relation with the well-being of societies. We are proud of the combined efforts of authors, editors, and peer reviewers that made these three articles possible, enabling ALF to continuously bring high quality contributions to our academic community.
Transitional Justice and the Statute of Limitations in South Korea - A Reivew on the Decisions of the Courts on the Victims' Solatium Claim for the Forced Mobilization during the Japanese Occupation Period -
Authors:   Center for Public Interest & Human Rights Law Chonnam National University, Kim Jewan
Published: September 2022

Japanese empire had occupied Korea, the Chosen dynasty, by force for 35 yeas(1910-1945). After the World War II, Koreans are emancipated from the Japanese forced occupation and there had been various long lasting conflicts between the two countries, some of which had been resolved by the treaty in 1963, the Agreement on the Settlement of Problems concerning Property and Claims and on Economic Cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Japan. Even though South Korea and Japan reopened the diplomatic relationship since 1963 after the treaty, some of the conflicts are not resolved in spite of it, one of which is the issue of victims' and survivors' personal rights to claim solatium for the forced mobilization during the Japanese occupation period.
Many Koreans had been forcibly mobilized during the Imperial Japanese occupation and were put to forced labor at many institutions and corporations including Nippon Steel Corporation, the backbone of the military industry of the Japanese forced occupation. Some of the victims and survivors sought solatium payment against Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, a newly incorporated company based on the dissolution of Nippon Steel Corporation. Japanese Government and the related corporations have been asserting that the victims' every personal right against Japan had been also resolved by the treaty between both governments.
In 2018 the Korean Supreme Court finally held that rights to claim reparations for damages against Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation do not fall within the scope of the application of the Treaty, 6 years after the initial render in 2012. After the final render of the decision of the Korean Supreme Court, other victims and survivors also sought the proper sodium for the forced mobilization, some of which are accepted by the courts based on the rulings of the Supreme Court above but others are not successful because of the issue of the statute of limitations.
This article reviews the basic rules of the transitional justice and the statute of limitations in South Korea, with author's critics on the rulings of the Gwangju High Court and the Seoul Central Distrct Court, which are contradict each other regarding the issue of the statute of limitations.
The Interim Measure in the ICCPR as a solution for the military human rights violation
Authors:   Center for Public Interest & Human Rights Law Chonnam National University, Kim Eun Kyung
Published: September 2022

Due to the special nature of being in the military, human rights violation victims in the military are often not remedied adequately for their human rights violations through domestic procedures. The fact that the law has been amended recently to allow civil courts to handle appeals in civilian courts rather than high military courts for some crimes related to military personnel shows that there have been insufficient remedies for violations of human rights in the military. The victims may seek help from the international community when domestic legal remedies for human rights violations are insufficient. The ICCPR has a wider scope of guarantee of basic rights compared to other human rights treaties among international human rights norms, with individual communication specified in Optional Protocol and interim measures regulated by Rules of Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee (HRC). Although there are opinions that the view of the HRC is not legally binding, there has been recent cases in which the Korean government accepted the Committee’s view on interim measure that such cases will serve for HRC’s interim measures to be easily accepted by the domestic law in conjunction with administrative self-restraint principle and serve as the standard to increase the likelihood of redressing the rights of those who have suffered human rights violations.
THE USE OF FIBRIN GLUE IN THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL STUMP FAILURE AFTER LOWER LOBECTOMY ON THE RIGHT (A CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Gallyamov E. A. , Nikulin A. V. , Diduev G. I. , Malofei A. M. , Romanikhin A. I. , Surkov A. I. , Gvozdev A. A. , Fetlam D. L.
Published: September 2022

Despite the constantly improving technique of operations, the use of modern suture materials and stitching-cutting devices, the problem of the occurrence of the failure of the bronchial stump remains unresolved. Many methods have been proposed for the treatment of bronchial stump failure, ranging from endoscopic mucosal coagulation and the installation of various types of occluders and ending with repeated surgical interventions. There are a huge number of publications devoted to the use of fibrin glue in various fields of medicine, for example, in neurosurgery, maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, dentistry and thoracic surgery, fibrin glue is successfully used, including in the development of bronchial stump failure. This article presents a clinical observation of the use of fibrin glue in the treatment of bronchial stump failure after lower lobectomy on the right.
A CLINICAL CASE OF ABDOMINAL MORCELLOMAS
Authors: Galimov O. V. , Khanov V. O. , Minigalin D. M. , Galimov D. O.
Published: September 2022

Aim of the study is to present a clinical case of abdominal morcellomas.

Methods: The technique of morcellation involves not only incisions, but also a significant crushing of tumor cells, which can eventually lead to the spread of the disease. Fibroids left in the abdominal cavity during morcellation continue their development and can reach tumors of considerable size. An observation of the detected parasitic uterine fibroids several years after laparoscopic myomectomy is presented.

Result: Histological examination of the removed preparation shows a microscopic picture of the uterine leiomyoma node of a typical structure in a thin fibrous capsule. It was received a normal postoperative course and a patient was discharged from hospital on the 4th day.

Conclusion: Abdominal morcellomas after laparoscopic interventions on the uterus is a rare complication associated with the parasitic persistence of myomatous tissue on the abdominal organs. The risks of such complications of endosurgery indicate the need for strict compliance with all technical aspects of using a devices for the evacuation of removed tissues, careful intraoperative monitoring and sanitation of the abdominal cavity.
SIMULTANEOUS SURGICAL INTERVENTION IN PATIENT WITH INCISIONAL HERNIA W3 AND HIGH OPERATIONAL RISK. A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Samartsev V. A. , Parshakov A. A. , Gavrilov V. A. , Zhilina I. P.
Published: September 2022

The paper covers the clinical case of successful simultaneous intervention in a patient with acute calculous cholecystitis, incisional hernia M2-5W3, Obese (Class III) (BMI 42 kg/m2), IV-degree ptosis of the anterior abdominal, pulmonary embolism in the anamnesis with a cava filter installed and high operational risk. After preoperative preparation, a simultaneous surgical intervention (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, transverse abdominoplasty, separation hernioplasty) was performed. The patient was discharged from hospital on the 10th day of the postoperative period. Long-term results were evaluated after 2 months. A cardiovascular, thromboembolic and wound complications was not recorded.
The Gas-phase Reaction of NH2 with Formaldehyde (CH2O) is not a Source of Formamide (NH2CHO) in Interstellar Environments
Authors: Douglas Kevin M. , Lucas Daniel I. , Walsh Catherine , West Niclas A. , Blitz Mark A. , Heard Dwayne E.
Published: September 2022

The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of NH2 with formaldehyde (CH2O) has been performed. This reaction has previously been suggested as a source of formamide (NH2CHO) in interstellar environments. A pulsed Laval nozzle equipped with laser-flash photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was used to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH2 in the presence of CH2O. No loss of NH2 could be observed via reaction with CH2O, and we place an upper limit on the rate coefficient of <6 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 34 K. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface were combined with Rice–Rampsberger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) calculations to predict a rate coefficient of 6.2 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 35 K, consistent with the experimental results. The presence of a significant barrier, 18 kJ mol−1, for the formation of formamide as a product, means that only the H-abstraction channel producing NH3 + CHO, in which the transfer of an H atom can occur by quantum mechanical tunneling through a 23 kJ mol−1 barrier, is open at low temperatures. These results are in contrast with a recent theoretical study, which suggested that the reaction could proceed without a barrier and was therefore a viable route to gas-phase formamide formation. The calculated rate coefficients were used in an astrochemical model, which demonstrated that this reaction produces only negligible amounts of gas-phase formamide under interstellar and circumstellar conditions. The reaction of NH2 with CH2O is therefore not an important source of formamide at low temperatures in interstellar environments.
Statistical Evidence for Small-scale Interchange Reconnection at a Coronal Hole Boundary
Authors: Mason Emily I. , Uritsky Vadim M.
Published: September 2022

Much of coronal hole (CH) research is focused upon determining the boundary and calculating the open flux as accurately as possible. However, the observed boundary itself is worthy of investigation, and holds important clues to the physics transpiring at the interface between the open and closed fields. This Letter reports a powerful new method, an application of the correlation integral which we call correlation dimension mapping, by which the irregularity of a CH boundary can be objectively quantified. This method highlights the most important spatial scales involved in boundary dynamics, and also allows for easy temporal analysis of the boundary. We apply this method to an equatorial CH bounded on two sides by helmet streamers and on the third by a small pseudostreamer, which we observed at maximum cadence for an hour on 2015 June 4. We argue that the relevant spatial scales are in the range of ∼5–20 Mm, and we find that the boundary complexity depends measurably upon the nature of the neighboring closed structure. The boundary along the pseudostreamer shows signs of highly localized, intermittent-complexity variability, likely associated with abrupt changes in the magnetic topology, which would be elegantly explained by interchange reconnection. By contrast, the helmet streamer boundary supports long-lived, high-complexity regions. These findings support the recent predictions of interchange reconnection occurring at very small scales in the corona.
First report of abnormal body coloration in Sebastes koreanus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sebastinae)
Authors: Myoung Se Hun , Myoung Jung-Goo , Jawad Laith A. , Kim Maeng Jin , Park Joo Myun
Published: September 2022

This study reports the first record of abnormal coloration in Sebastes koreanus Kim et Lee, 1994. The specimen (163.4 mm standard length and 197.3 mm total length) was collected from the Yellow Sea in South Korea in July 2021. The whole body of the specimens was red, and all fins also had red coloration while the slight dark red pattern under the eyes and dark spot on the opercula were similar to normal S. koreanus. It also showed a similar dotted pattern on the pectoral fins with a normal specimen.
The relationship between eDNA density distribution and current fields around an artificial reef in the waters of Tateyama Bay, Japan
Authors: Inoue Nariaki , Sato Masaaki , Furuichi Naoki , Imaizumi Tomohito , Ushio Masayuki
Published: September 2022

Monitoring of artificial reefs (ARs) has been conducted through such methods as visual censuses, surveys using fishing gear, and echo sounder. These methods have disadvantages: visual census is not possible at ARs in deeper waters, fishing gear surveys are invasive to fish individuals, and echo sounders have difficulty in species identification. A new AR monitoring method is required to compensate for these disadvantages. While eDNA has become a valid monitoring tool for marine biodiversities, it is influenced by degradation and transport of the molecules that affect information about the spatio-temporal distribution of fish. An understanding of the relationship between current fields and eDNA distribution, particularly in open waters, is critical when using eDNA as an index for fish aggregation at ARs. We investigated the relationship between eDNA distribution and current fields around an AR for four dominant species (Engraulis japonicus, Parapristipoma trilineatum, Scomber spp and Trachurus japonicus) in Tateyama Bay, Japan. The highest density of fish schools is formed directly above or at the upstream side of ARs. If we assume that the center of eDNA originates at these locations at an AR and eDNA is simply transported by currents, a higher density of eDNA would distribute downstream from the AR. However, our results indicate that eDNA distribution is in accord with actual fish distribution, namely eDNA densities are more abundant in the upstream side of ARs. We thus consider that eDNA distribution is more influenced by actual distribution patterns than by the transport processes.
A 53-year-old Woman with Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Khan Mohammad Amjad Ullah , Bhatti Nadeem H. , Briones David F.
Published: September 2022

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Identify clinical features and longitudinal course of Cotard's syndrome.

2.

Manage patient outcome by better diagnostic clarification.

3.

Evaluate complexity of clinical presentation of mood disorder.
A 39-year-old Man with Abdominal Pain
Authors: Mlak Krzysztof , Dziuba John , Lachover Leonard
Published: September 2022

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review a rarely reported case of psychosis involving a request to have surgical removal of specific organ.

2.

Discuss medical and psychiatric differential diagnosis of psychosis and abdominal pain.

3.

Review the literature pertaining to psychosis and somatic complaints.
The efficacy of acupuncture on suicidal behavior: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young , Lee Boram
Published: September 2022

Background

One of the leading causes of death worldwide is suicide. Acupuncture has been reported to be related to clinical improvement of some risk factors for suicide including depression. Moreover, practitioner–patient communication is an important component of the acupuncture procedure, which may contribute to suicide risk reduction as a social contact. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for suicidal behavior.

Methods

A comprehensive search will be conducted in electronic medical databases including MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, PsycARTICLES, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals, Citation Information by NII, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Korea Citation Index, Research Information Sharing Service, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, and Korean Medical database. Interventional studies regardless of its design to assess the role of acupuncture on suicide prevention will be included. The validated measure of suicidal ideation including Beck scale for suicidal ideation will be considered as a primary outcome. The validated tools will be used to assess methodological quality of included studies according to its design (e.g., Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool-2). If sufficient homogeneous data from controlled clinical trials exist, a quantitative synthesis will be performed. According to the heterogeneity of included studies, either a random-effects or fixed-effects model will be used.

Discussion

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis will help to address the emerging major public health problem, suicide, in terms of evidence-based medicine.
Una aproximación a la clientela de los reyes de armas españoles al final del Antiguo Régimen (1775-1804)
Authors: Valle Porras José Manuel
Published: September 2022

Este artículo se ocupa de un aspecto desatendido por la historiografía, el de las funciones sociales de la heráldica en la Edad Moderna, y se sirve para ello de una fuente apenas empleada en tal sentido, las llamadas certificaciones de armas. Se analiza, en concreto, la utilidad que tenían las certificaciones dadas por Rújula y Jimeno y por Ortiz de Cagiguera, reyes de armas de los monarcas españoles Carlos III y Carlos IV, a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. Se comprueba, así, que la extracción social de la clientela de los reyes de armas corresponde mayoritariamente a familias en ascenso, tanto de burócratas y militares, como de élites locales y comerciantes, siendo minoría la nobleza acrisolada; y que las certificaciones fueron adquiridas como un instrumento más, al servicio del proceso de promoción social en el que estos individuos se hallaban inmersos, encubriendo con símbolos nobiliarios (armerías) su origen plebeyo (de nuevo el «cambio inmóvil» de Soria Mesa). Además, el fraude heráldico, constatado a principios del siglo XVII, continúa con Rújula y Ortiz de Cagiguera. Pero también hay cambios: entre los clientes, ganan peso los servidores regios; y, en las certificaciones, aumenta llamativamente el número de armerías descritas.
Los cónsules, sus contactos y la inteligencia política. La ocupación europea de África vista por René Chassériau, cónsul de Francia en Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1874-1889)
Authors: Le Brun Nathalie
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se ofrece un examen de las actividades de inteligencia implementadas desde Santa Cruz de Tenerife entre 1874 y 1889 por René Chassériau, cónsul de Francia, en un contexto de ocupación de África por Europa. La correspondencia de este agente con el Ministerio francés de Asuntos Exteriores, que hoy se conserva en el archivo de este departamento en La Courneuve (Francia), muestra cómo en esa época el archipiélago canario se transformó en un observatorio desde donde Francia pudo indagar cómo España, Gran Bretaña, Bélgica y Alemania intentaban colocar sus fichas en el tablero africano. El análisis del contenido de los despachos, además de confirmar la acogida favorable que dio el gobierno francés a las informaciones comunicadas por su cónsul, permite contextualizar la misión de este último en el ámbito local, así como despejar el dispositivo que elaboró para proceder concretamente a operaciones de inteligencia, desde la recolecta de datos inéditos y su tratamiento hasta el despacho de la información a París. En un ambiente en el que imperaban la desconfianza, el secreto y hasta las mentiras, las redes de contactos, el trato personal, así como la retribución a personas anónimas desempeñaron un destacado papel para tener acceso a la información.
Le port antique de Missua (Sidi Daoud)
Authors: Trabelsi Soumaya
Published: September 2022

Cette étude analyse le port antique de Missua (Sidi Daoud, cap Bon, Tunisie), qui a fait l’objet d’un programme de recherches archéologiques et paléo-environnementales. Des carottages ont été effectués dans le bassin portuaire ainsi que des prospections sous-marines. L’étude haute-résolution des sédiments a permis la caractérisation et la reconstitution chrono-stratigraphique et bio-sédimentologique des milieux littoraux. L’étude archéologique a permis de définir un ensemble de deux bassins portuaires équipés de jetées en blocs de maçonnerie et situés au nord et au sud de Sidi Daoud.
Palaeogeography of Ancient Lasaia (SE Crete, Greece)
Authors: Mourtzas Nikos , Kolaiti Eleni
Published: September 2022

The remains of the Hellenistic-Roman harbour-town of Lasaia are situated in southeastern Crete on a headland at the NE end of the bay of Kaloi Limenes, while at a short distance from the shore lies the island of Traphos. The application of a geoarchaeological method allowed us to reconstruct the palaeogeography of the coast and track the evolution of the ancient harbour of Lasaia from the Minoan palatial period to Hellenistic-Roman times to the 17th century AD.The palaeogeography of the seafront of ancient Lasaia followed the relative sea level changes that occurred during the last 4,000 years along the coast of central and eastern Crete: from a tied island connected to the mainland by a strip of land when the sea level was at 4.15 ± 0.30 m between ca. 1900 BC and ca. 1600 BC, and 2.50 ± 0.20 m bmsl between ca. 1600 BC and ca. 1200 BC, to a low promontory jutting out into the sea within a short distance from the coast of Traphos when the sea level was at 1.20 ± 0.10 m bmsl between ca. 1200 BC and AD 1604, and finally to a narrow shore opposite the island, when the sea level rose to 0.55 ± 0.05 m bmsl during the AD 1604 earthquake, which remained there for a significant period of time within the last 400 years.During the Minoan palatial period, an artificial outer breakwater at the SW end of Traphos Island appears to have formed a protected harbour basin. In Hellenistic-Roman times, the outer breakwater had been submerged and an inner breakwater was constructed, leaving a channel between it and the island that allowed mariners to pass from the western to the eastern basin depending on the weather. In the early 17th c., the island was isolated from the mainland and provided shelter for Cretan refugees.
The Drunken Officials of Abdülhamid II: Alcohol Consumption in the Late Ottoman Bureaucracy
Authors: Kırmızı Abdulhamit
Published: September 2022

يُعرف السلطانُ عبد الحميد الثاني، الذي امتدت فترة حكمه من 1876 إلى 1909، في الأدبيات بتقواه وسياسته ذات التوجه الإسلاموي، بيد أن كثيرًا من الموظفين في عهده، حتى في أوساط أقرب المقرّبين إليه، لم يكونوا شديدي التدين، وكانوا كثيرًا ما يتعدّوْن الحدودَ التي سطّرها لهم سلطانُهم. تحتوي دفاترُ سجل الأحوال على معلومات تخصّ التدابير التأديبية التي كانت تُتّخذ إزاءهم. ومن خلالها، بوسعنا أن نلاحظ أنّ العديد من الموظفين كانوا يعانون من مشاكلَ ذات صلة بالكحول. من كان يتناول المشروبات الكحولية وأين كان يتناولها ؟ كان بعض هؤلاء الشرّيبين ينحدرون من عائلات محافظة وتلقوا تعليمًا محافظًا، فمنهم من كان سليلَ أسر من العلماء والمتصوّفة ودرس في المدارس الدينية. يتطرق المقال إلى التدابير التأديبية في التنظيمات الحديثة والقوانين السارية آنذاك والمتعلقة باستهلاك موظفي الدولة الكحولَ. وعكس تيار السرديات عن "تغرّب" الموظفين العثمانيين التي تتمحور حول إسطنبول وتعطي أولوية اهتمامها للنخب العثمانية المثقفة، ستهتم هذه الدراسة بشاربي الكحول في أوساط الإدارة في أقاليم الدولة ممّن لم تكن لهم دراية باللغات الغربية ولم يكن مستوى تعليم أغلبيتهم مستوى عاليًا.
L’empire de l’alcool une histoire des débits de boissons nord-africains en métropole (1920-1954)
Authors: CHAIB Sabah
Published: September 2022

ويتمتع أصحاب هذه المحلات في فرنسا المتروبولية بحرية لا عهد بها لأصحاب "المقهى العربي" في الجزائر، مما سمح بتشكل طبقة من التجار الشمال-إفريقيين المقيمين على التراب الفرنسي ومكّنهم من الانعتاق اجتماعيًا واقتصاديًا. ويشهد على ذلك تكاثر المحلات الشمال-إفريقية لبيع المشروبات والطريقة التي رسخت بها لنفسها تدريجيًا موقعًا في إمبراطورية الكحول بين عشرينيات وخمسينيات القرن الماضي. وقد كان الطلبُ آنذاك شديدًا على الرخصة رقم 4 بشكل خاص، في سوق نشيطة وإن كانت، تنظيميًا، سوقًا مقيّدة.
Cachez ce buveur que je ne saurais voir !
Authors: Chaudat Philippe
Published: September 2022

يُحظر على المسلمين في المغرب تناولُ المشروبات الكحولية، بيد أن الحانات وبعض المطاعم تعرضُها على مستهلكين مسلمين. وللتمكن من بيع المشروبات الكحولية، تنظّم هذه الفضاءات التجارية، وفق طرائقَ خاصة بها، فضاءَها التجاري وممارساتها بما يجعلها لامرئيةً، بينما يقوم الزبائن، فيما يخصّهم، بإخفاء استخداماتهم لهذه السلعة. وبهذا يتباين فضاء الحانات والمطاعم التي تعرض الكحول على زبائنها مع الفضاءات التجارية الأخرى، بينما تبقى مقارنتُه بالفضاءات المخصصة للسكن ممكنةً، فهو لا بالخصوصي ولا بالعمومي وإنما هو أحد نطاقات التبادل المتعددةٍ الحاضرة حول الكحول والتي تشكّل، إذا ما ضُمَّ بعضُها إلى البعض الآخر، "عالمًا" على حِدة، يتعايش مع عوالم أخرى.
Enjeux territoriaux et éthiques de la régulation de la ruée vers l’or au nord du Niger
Authors: Gagnol Laurent , Ahmet Tchilouta Rhoumour , Afane Abdoulkader
Published: September 2022

Fondé sur des enquêtes de terrain, cet article s’intéresse à la phase d’évolution actuelle de la ruée vers l’or au nord du Niger. Elle est marquée par la volonté de l’État de mieux encadrer juridiquement une activité jusque-là informelle dans ses régions périphériques. L’intervention de l’État engendre des recompositions territoriales, un rapprochement des intérêts politico-économiques entre les élites des périphéries aurifères et le pouvoir central, ainsi que des conflits d’ordre éthique quant à l’accès aux gisements et à la répartition des bénéfices. La redistribution des équilibres dans la gestion de l’informel fait basculer les orpailleurs vers la régularisation ou la précarisation, voire la criminalisation. Le maintien des illégalismes repose sur des enjeux d’appropriation foncière et de conditions de mobilité.
Le pari sportif chez les jeunes au Cameroun
Authors: Kouomoun Abdou , Ndam Salifou
Published: September 2022

Le pari sportif basé sur les rencontres des matchs de football, baptisé « Parifoot », est devenu le « refuge » de nombreux jeunes dans les métropoles camerounaises. En s’intéressant au contexte sociopolitique et économique ayant favorisé le développement de ce phénomène au Cameroun et les profils des jeunes qui y sont impliqués, à Yaoundé – la capitale et l’une des deux villes les plus peuplées du pays –, cette contribution examine la façon dont l’exposition des jeunes à la pauvreté, au chômage et au sous-emploi les pousse à capitaliser leur culture « footballistique » dans ce jeu, tout en espérant gagner de l’argent pour améliorer leurs conditions de vie, dans un contexte de mondialisation du sport.