bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topographic surface modelling using raster grid datasets by GMT: example of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lemenkova Polina
Published: November 2019

The study area is focused on the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench, North Pacific Ocean. This region is geologically complex, notable for the lithosphere activity, tectonic plates subduction and active volcanism. The submarine geomorphology is complicated through terraces, slopes, seamounts and erosional processes. Understanding geomorphic features of such a region requires precise modelling and effective visualization of the high-resolution data sets. Therefore, current research presents a Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) based algorithm proposing a solution for effective data processing and precise mapping: iterative module-based scripting for the automated digitizing and modelling. Methodology consists of the following steps: topographic mapping of the raster grids, marine gravity and geoid; semi-automatic digitizing of the orthogonal cross-section profiles; modelling geomorphic trends of the gradient slopes; computing raster surfaces from the xyz data sets by modules nearneighbor and XYZ2grd. Several types of the cartographic projections were used: oblique Mercator, Mercator cylindrical, conic equal-area Albers, conic equidistant. The cross-section geomorphic profiles in a perpendicular direction across the two selected segments of the trench were automatically digitized. Developed algorithm of the semi-automated digitizing of the profiles enabled to visualize gradients of the slope steepness of the trench. The data were then modelled to show gradient variations in its two segments. The results of the comparative geomorphic analysis of northern and southern transects revealed variations in different parts of the trench. Presented research provided more quantitative insights into the structure and settings of the submarine landforms of the hadal trench that still remains a question for the marine geology. The research demonstrated the effectiveness of the GMT: a variety of modules, approaches and tools that can be used to produce high-quality mapping and graphics. The GMT listings are provided for repeatability.
Evaluation of Nasal Decongestants by Literature Review
Authors: Petkovic Stasa , Maletic Ivana , Djuric Sonja , Dragutinovic Ninoslava , Milovanovic Olivera
Published: November 2019

Over-the-counter drugs are medicines that are available to consumers without a prescription. The most common оver - the-counter preparations in self - medication are nasal decongestants that can be used systemically or locally in the form of drops or nasal sprays. The most common indications for nasal decongestants are viral infections and allergic conditions in order to alleviate the symptoms so it is necessary to inform the users about the type of drug, the active substance it contains and the correct dosage regimen. Given their availability and the prevailing safety precaution, these preparations can lead to numerous prolonged conditions and complications. The mechanism of action of nasal decongestants is based on the reduction of blood vessels’ swelling in the nose, which helps the opening of the airway. As a result, most nasal decongestants cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). There are nasal decongestants that block histamine and have a good effect on people who suffer from seasonal allergies. Availability (free sale) and prolonged use of the decongestant lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of the alpha receptor, which leads to the need to increase the dose at shorter time intervals to achieve the same effect. As a consequence, patients use excessive, uncontrolled doses of nasal decongestants, which is a public problem and warns of the necessity of identification and the taking of measures to prevent their uncontrolled procurement and use.
POTENSI AGRIBISNIS USAHA TANI KELAPA DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Tamimah Imra’atut , Fatmawati Ika , Anwari Arfinsyah Hafid
Published: November 2019

Kelapa adalah salah satu komoditas di Wilayah Nusantara yang paling luas penyebarannya. Kelapa merupakan bagian yang melekat di kehidupan masyarakat dengan peran yang berbeda-beda, peran kelapa yaitu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sosial dan budaya hingga untuk kepentingan ekonomi, sehingga kelapa dijuluki tree oflife, pohon kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan yaitu : (1). Untuk mengetahui potensi sumber daya agribisnis kelapa di Kabupaten Sumenep. (2). Untuk mengetahui potensi pasar agribisnis kelapa di Kabupaten Sumenep. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan secara sengaja (purposive sampling) dengan mempertimbangkan bahwa Kabupaten Sumenep adalah salah satu Daerah sentra produksi kelapa dengan produktivitas yang terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu data yang didapat secara tidak langsung melalui pelantara seperti data yang diambil dari literatur dan lembaga-lembaga terkait yang mempunyai hubungan dengan penelitian ini. Metode analisa data yang  digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang meliputi analisis LQ, trend permintaan dan trend penawaran. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Sumber daya agribisnis tanaman kelapa di Kabupaten Sumenep memiliki potensi sebagai basis pertumbuhan dan memiliki keunggulan komparatif sehingga hasilnya selain bisa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh Kabupaten Sumenep juga bisa dikirim keluar Wilayah Kabupaten Sumenep. Potensi pasar agribisnis dapat terlihat dari penawaran dan permintaan kelapa di Kabupaten Sumenep pada tahun 2016 diperkirakan mencapai sebesar 43.069 ton dan 5.550 ton. Produksi kelapa mampu memiliki surplus (kelebihan) penawaran yang memenuhi di Kabupaten Sumenep.
Stinging insect allergy and venom immunotherapy
Authors: Ochfeld Elisa N. , Greenberger Paul A.
Published: November 2019

The Hymenoptera order is divided into three families: Apidae, Vespidae, and Formicidae. Apidae include the honeybee, bumblebee, and sweat bee, which are all docile and tend to sting mostly on provocation. The Africanized killer bee, a product of interbreeding between the domestic and
African honeybee, is very aggressive and is mostly found in Mexico, Central America, Arizona, and California. The yellow jacket, yellow hornet, white (bald) faced hornet, and paper wasp all belong to the Vespidae family. The Formicidae family includes the harvester ant and the fire ant. When
a “bee” sting results in a large local reaction, defined as >10 cm induration and lasting > 24 hours, the likelihood of anaphylaxis from a future sting is approximately 5%. For comparison, when there is a history of anaphylaxis from a previous Hymenoptera sting and the patient
has positive skin test results to venom, at least 60% of adults and 20‐32% of children will develop anaphylaxis with a future sting. Both patient groups should be instructed about avoidance measures and about carrying and knowing when to self-inject epinephrine, but immunotherapy with
Hymenoptera venom is indicated for those patients with a history of anaphylaxis from the index sting and not for patients who have experienced a large local reaction. Immunotherapy is highly effective in that, by 4 years of injections, the incidence of subsequent sting-induced reactions is
3%. This incidence may increase modestly after discontinuation of injections but has not been reported to be > 10% in follow up.
The infant and toddler with wheezing
Authors: Padem Nurcicek , Glick Robison Rachel
Published: November 2019

Recurrent wheezing is common in young infants and toddlers, with 50% of all children having at least one wheezing episode in the first 6 years of life. Initial wheezing episodes in young children often are linked to respiratory infections due to viral pathogens, such as respiratory
syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus. Bacterial colonization of the neonatal airway also may be significant in the late development of recurrent wheeze and asthma. Wheezing in young children can be classified into specific phenotypes based on the onset
and persistence of wheezing. Although some children will only wheeze transiently in early childhood, persistent wheezing is often classified as immunoglobulin E (IgE) associated and/or atopic or nonatopic. By using a modified asthma predictive index, future development of asthma can be interpreted,
especially in high-risk populations. It is recommended to follow National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) guidelines for initiation of treatment; however, asthma management of young children often requires tailored regimens. Inhaled corticosteroids used as a daily controller
medication have been shown to aid symptoms and exacerbation control; however, these do not change the natural course of the disease or progression to asthma. Although randomized double-blind studies in preschoolers investigated a role of macrolide antibiotics in early infection as well as
high-dose inhaled corticosteroids during severe lower respiratory tract infections, more research is needed in this field to understand mechanisms of asthma development and optimal treatment in this young age group.
Asthma in adults: Principles of treatment
Authors: Kwah Jason H. , Peters Anju T.
Published: November 2019

The goals of treatment are prevention of fatalities, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits, along with achieving good long-term control of asthma, with reduction of symptoms, maintenance of normal activity level, prevention of exacerbations and accelerated loss of pulmonary
function (forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration [FEV1]), and avoidance of harm from therapies. Treatment is often initiated based on the severity of symptoms, physical examination findings, and, for some patients, the FEV1 or peak expiratory flow
rates. Comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux, rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, sleep apnea, recurrent infections, smoking, and substance abuse should be addressed. Two treatment modalities are indicated only for individuals with allergic asthma: allergen-specific
immunotherapy (commonly known as allergy shots), and biologic therapies that target type-2 (T2) inflammation. Allergen immunotherapy is effective in decreasing symptoms and medication use in select patients with mild-to-moderate allergic asthma. In addition, patients who receive allergen immunotherapy
for allergic rhinitis may have a decreased risk of developing asthma. Omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab are monoclonal antibodies that target T2 inflammation and are indicated for either moderate-to-severe or severe asthma. These have been well studied to improve
asthma symptoms and have specific characteristics unique to each individual medication. A focus on adherence can be considered in choosing therapy because it is not clear which biologic to choose in T2 high asthma at this time.
Lessons learned from clinical trials of asthma
Authors: Greenberger Paul A.
Published: November 2019

Exacerbations of persistent or intermittent asthma should be anticipated by physicians and health-care professionals. Patients who are likely to experience an exacerbation often have a history of an exacerbation in the previous year, and the absolute eosinophil count in peripheral blood
is ≥ 400/μL. Similarly, expectorated or induced sputum eosinophilia of ≥2% is associated with exacerbations. These phenotypic findings have led to effective biologic therapies, which target eosinophils or immunoglobulin E or the T-helper type 2 phenotype, especially in children, adolescents,
and adults with frequent exacerbations. In children, a reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) to forced vital capacity ratio can be associated with future exacerbations, although the FEV1 may be in the normal range, even with children
who have persistent severe asthma. Asthma control questionnaires did not differentiate between children with or children without a future exacerbation. Alternatively, in adults, the lower baseline FEV1 (2.3 L [74% predicted] versus 2.5 L [78% predicted]) identified patients more
likely to have a future exacerbation compared with patients who were not having an exacerbation. After correcting for FEV1, the asthma control questionnaire data were associated with exacerbations. In adolescents (ages ≥ 12 years) and adults with persistent mild asthma, most
(73%) did not have sputum eosinophilia, and some of these patients responded well to the anticholinergic, tiotropium, which would argue differently from administration of an inhaled corticosteroid as first-line controller therapy. In a three-track study of patients with persistent mild asthma,
as-needed budesonide-formoterol and scheduled budesonide were associated with approximately one-half of the annual exacerbation rate of as-needed albuterol. In patients with persistent moderate-to-severe asthma, tiotropium added to controller therapy caused an increase in FEV1 without
improving the asthma control questionnaire findings. There were two studies that explored whether either quadrupling or quintupling the inhaled corticosteroid at the first sign of loss of control of asthma would provide meaningful reductions of severe exacerbations of asthma, but the findings
did not support this strategy. Both biologic therapies and environmental control (dust mite impermeable encasings) have resulted in reductions of exacerbations in patients with persistent moderate and severe asthma.
Occupational immunologic lung disease
Authors: Lei Dawn K. , Grammer Leslie C.
Published: November 2019

Occupational immunologic lung disease is characterized by an immunologic response in the lung to an airborne agent inhaled in the work environment and can be subdivided into immunologically mediated occupational asthma (OA) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Irritant-induced OA,
a separate nonimmunologic entity, can be due to chronic exposure to inhaled irritants or reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). RADS is defined as an asthma-like syndrome that persists for >3 months and occurs within minutes to hours after a single exposure to a high concentration
of a respiratory irritant. Workers in high-risk fields for OA include farmers, printers, wood workers, painters, plastics workers, cleaners, spray painters, electrical workers, and health-care workers. OA can be triggered by high-molecular-weight (HMW) proteins that act as complete allergens
or by low-molecular-weight (LMW) sensitizers that act as haptens. HMW proteins (>10 kDa) are generally derived from microorganisms (such as molds and bacteria, including thermophilic actinomycetes), plants (such as latex antigens and flour proteins), or animals (such as animal dander, avian
proteins, and insect scales) and are not specifically regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. LMW haptens that bind to proteins in the respiratory mucosa include some Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulated substances, such as isocyanates, anhydrides,
and platinum. HP can present in an acute, chronic, or subacute form. The acute, subacute, and early chronic form is characterized by a CD4+ T-helper type 1 and CD8+ lymphocyte alveolitis. Classically, the bronchoalveolar lavage in HP will show a CD4/CD8 ratio of <1.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Patel Gayatri , Greenberger Paul A.
Published: November 2019

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, and results in pulmonary infiltrates, tenacious mucus plugs that harbor hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus, elevations of total serum immunoglobulin E concentration and peripheral blood and
sputum eosinophilia. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible complication of ABPA. The key to early diagnosis is to consider ABPA in anyone with asthma or cystic fibrosis and with a positive skin test result for Aspergillus, and/or recurrent infiltrates on radiographs. The differential diagnosis
for ABPA in patients with asthma includes diseases in which there is an overlap of asthma, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and radiographic infiltrates. Examples include chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, drug-induced pulmonary infiltrates, infection with a parasite, asthma
with atelectasis, and lymphoma. Mucus plugging that causes a “tree in bud” pattern on computerized tomography examination of the lungs may be from ABPA or other conditions, such as nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria (Mycobacteria avium‐Mycobacteria intracellulare complex).
Prednisone is indicated to clear pulmonary infiltrates, and a usual course is for 3 months. Itraconazole and voriconazole are adjunctive, and drug-drug interactions must be considered because azoles decrease elimination of various medications. Although not familial in most patients, presentation
of Aspergillus fumigatus f1 (Asp f1) antigen is restricted to specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR2 (HLA-DR2), and HLA-DR5. There is an increased number of CD4+ T-helper type 2 lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage, and A.
fumigatus can serve as a growth factor of eosinophils potentiating the effects of interleukin (IL) 3, IL-5, and Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Eosinophils interact directly with A. fumigatus spores and generate extracellular traps, which can injure the bronchial epithelium.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Watts Melissa M. , Grammer Leslie C.
Published: November 2019

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also referred to as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is characterized by non‐immunoglobulin E mediated inflammation of the parenchyma, alveoli, and terminal airways of the lung initiated by inhaled antigens in a susceptible host. Etiologic agents
of HP are either organic high-molecular-weight compounds (e.g., bacteria, fungi, amoebae, plant and animal proteins) or inorganic low-molecular-weight haptens (e.g., isocyanates) and drugs (including amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, and minocycline). Six significant predictors have been identified
that provide approximately 95% diagnostic accuracy. These six predictors are (1) exposure to a known offending allergen, (2) positive precipitating antibodies to the offending antigen, (3) recurrent episodes of symptoms, (4) inspiratory crackles on lung auscultation, (5) symptoms that occur
4‐8 hours after exposure, and (6) weight loss. HP is staged into acute, subacute, and chronic. In the acute stage, after direct exposure to the antigen, there are fever, chills, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, malaise, and myalgias, all of which resemble influenza. However, if obtained,
a chest radiograph demonstrates nodular infiltrates, and pulmonary function testing is restrictive (unless the cause is avian, in which case, obstruction or obstruction with restriction is present). In the chronic stage, fever and chills are absent, but weight loss can occur. The immunologic
response includes activated macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid reveals marked lymphocytosis with a ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells of <1. Activated macrophages have increased expression of CD80/CD86, and T cells have
increased expression of its counter-ligand, CD28, evidence for heightened antigen presentation.
Workup for eosinophilia
Authors: Guo Canting , Bochner Bruce S.
Published: November 2019

With automated differentials being a common part of routine blood counts, the finding of eosinophilia is a relatively frequent occurrence. The first step in elucidating the cause is to determine the absolute eosinophil count (AEC), which is calculated from multiplying the percentage
of eosinophils by the total white blood cell count. Eosinophilia is defined as an AEC of >500 eosinophils/μL, whereas hypereosinophilia is defined as an AEC of ≥1500 eosinophils/μL, a separation that is useful as an initial approach to the evaluation of such patients. Peripheral
blood eosinophilia is most commonly secondary to allergies but can also be caused by certain infections, medication reactions, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions. However, hypereosinophilia is rarely, if ever, explained by allergy alone and should always prompt a further workup. A meticulous
approach to exploring key aspects of the medical history is recommended for assessing increased AECs because it helps to narrow the list of possible etiologies, and treatment varies, depending on the underlying diagnosis. Special attention should be paid to the onset of eosinophilia and any
coincident events, such as travel or the start of new medications. Another critical part of the history is a thorough attempt to identify any possible eosinophil-associated end-organ damage, although a biopsy of suspected involved areas is often necessary for confirmation. Because the causes
of an elevated AEC are broad, determining the trigger or underlying disorder becomes an important intellectual riddle that can usually be solved with careful attention to history, physical examination, and appropriate laboratory work.
Anaphylaxis
Authors: Watts Melissa M. , Marie Ditto Anne
Published: November 2019

Anaphylaxis is a sudden onset, immediate reaction that implies a risk of death. Think of a “rule of 2s” for anaphylaxis, which implies that reactions usually begin within 2 minutes to 2 hours after injection, infusion, ingestion, contact, or inhalation. Fatalities can be
from asphyxiation from laryngeal or oropharyngeal swelling, collapse from hypotensive shock, cardiac arrest, or acute severe bronchoconstriction that causes respiratory failure and arrest. When there is activation of mast cells and basophils in anaphylaxis, chemical mediators are detectable.
The preformed mediators from mast cells include histamine, tryptase, carboxypeptidase A, and proteoglycans (heparin, chondroitin sulfates). Newly synthesized mediators include prostaglandin D2, leukotriene D4, and platelet activating factor. Crucial actions of the mediators
include an abrupt increase in vascular permeability, vascular smooth muscle relaxation, and bronchial smooth muscle contraction. Anaphylaxis can be classified into immunologic, nonimmunologic, or idiopathic based on the associated mechanism. For example, immunologic causes of anaphylaxis are
those mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies acting through the FcεR I (foods, insect venom, 32 β-lactam antibiotics), whereas non-IgE immunologic anaphylaxis is mediated without the presence of anti-allergen IgE antibodies or via FcεRI activation (radiographic contrast
material). Nonimmunologic anaphylaxis involves mast cell mediator release such as occurs with exercise or with cold temperature exposure, or from medications such as opioids or vancomycin. Idiopathic anaphylaxis involves mast cell activation (acutely elevated urine histamine or serum tryptase)
and activated lymphocytes. Because anaphylaxis is a medical emergency, the drug of choice is epinephrine, not H1 antihistamines or H2 receptor antagonists.
Idiopathic anaphylaxis
Authors: Guo Canting , Greenberger Paul A.
Published: November 2019

Idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) is defined as anaphylaxis without any identifiable precipitating agent or event. The clinical manifestations of IA are the same as allergen-associated (immunologic) anaphylaxis and include urticaria, angioedema, hypotension, tachycardia, wheezing, stridor,
pruritus, nausea, vomiting, flushing, diarrhea, dysphagia, light-headedness, and loss of consciousness. Patients usually tend to have the same manifestations on repeated episodes. IA is a prednisone-responsive disease that is ultimately a diagnosis of exclusion. Approximately 40% of patients
are atopic. Serum tryptase (or urine histamine or its metabolite) will be elevated acutely, but, if elevated in the absence of anaphylaxis, should suggest alternative diagnoses, including indolent systemic mastocytosis. A focused history, examination, and follow-up will dictate whether a patient's
symptoms may be attributable to disorders that mimic anaphylaxis, such as indolent systemic mastocytosis, carcinoid syndrome, pheochromocytoma, hereditary angioedema or acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, or panic attacks. The presence of urticaria may help limit the differential diagnosis
because urticaria does not usually accompany any of the above-mentioned disorders, except for indolent systemic mastocytosis. IA is classified according to the symptoms as well as the frequency of attacks. Patients who experience six or more episodes in a year, or two or more episodes in 2
months are classified as having IA-frequent (IA-F). Patients who experience fewer episodes are classified as having IA-infrequent (IA-I). This distinction is important because patients with IA-F will initially require prednisone as disease-modifying therapy, whereas most patients who with
IA-I will not require prednisone. Patients with IA must carry and know when and how to self-administer epinephrine.
Approach to primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Devonshire Ashley L. , Makhija Melanie
Published: November 2019

Primary immunodeficiency diseases are inherited defects of the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system that lead to an increase in the incidence, frequency, or severity of infections and/or immune dysregulation. There may be defects in the adaptive arm of the immune system, including
combined immunodeficiencies and antibody deficiency syndromes, or abnormalities in innate immunity, such as defects of phagocytes, the complement pathway, or toll-like receptor mediated signaling. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections with encapsulated bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae
type B or Streptococcus pneumoniae may be characteristic of an antibody deficiency syndrome. Frequent viral, fungal, or protozoal infections may suggest T lymphocyte impairment. Multiple Staphylococcus skin infections and fungal infections may imply neutrophil dysfunction or the Hyper-IgE
syndrome, and recurrent Neisseria infection is a characteristic manifestation of late complement component (C5‐9, or the membrane attack complex) defects. Recurrent viral or pyogenic bacterial infections, often without the presence of a significant inflammatory response, suggest a defect
in toll-like receptor signaling. Mycobacterial infections are characteristic of defects in the interleukin (IL) 12/interferon γ pathway. Screening of newborns for T-cell lymphopenia by using polymerase chain reaction to amplify T-cell receptor excision circles, which are formed when
a T cell rearranges the variable region of its receptor, serves as a surrogate for newly synthesized naive T cells. Because of very low numbers of T-cell receptor excision circles, severe combined immunodeficiency, 22q11.2 syndrome, and other causes of T-cell lymphopenia have been identified
in newborns.
Classification of hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Dispenza Melanie C.
Published: November 2019

As the primary defense against pathogens, the immune system uses numerous strategies to ensure optimal protection for the host. When immune responses go awry, however, they can cause great damage. “Hypersensitivity” is a broad term used to describe an excessive and/or pathogenic
immune response to either foreign or self antigens. Gell and Coombs were the first to categorize hypersensitivity reactions into 4 types according to pathophysiology, but more recent insights into the mechanisms of these disorders have since modified the original classification system. This
review describes the immune mechanisms involved in each of the modern Gell-Coombs categories.
Immunobiologic treatments for severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria
Authors: Chiarella Sergio E.
Published: November 2019

Immunobiologic agents are an important therapeutic alternative for severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. In this article, we reviewed the most relevant studies that addressed the use of anti-immunoglobulin E (omalizumab), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab),
and anti-IL-4/IL-13 (dupilumab) treatments for these allergic diseases. In addition, we discussed emerging immunobiologic therapies, such as tezepelumab.
ANALISIS PROFESIONALISME KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DENGAN KEPEMIMPINAN INSPEKTUR SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING DI INSPEKTORAT KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Rohmatiah Ahadiati , Amadi Dwi Nor
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran kepemimpinan Inspektur Kabupaten Magetan dalam memoderasi pengaruh Profesionalisme Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Inspektorat Kabupaten Magetan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) pada Inspektorat Kabupaten Magetan. Data populasi sebanyak 47 orang. Untuk menjaring data, dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Kuesioner dengan skala likert berbentuk checklist yang berisi mengenai pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan variabel-variabel penelitian dengan 5 alternatif jawaban untuk mengukur setiap variabel penelitian. Variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini meliputi: Profesionalisme Kerja (X1), Motivasi Kerja (X2), Kepemimpinan Inspektur (Z), dan Kinerja ASN (Y). Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji pengaruh moderasi yakni Uji selisih mutlak quasi moderated dari Multiple Linear Regression dengan menggunakan program statistic SPSS for windows 16. Hasil penelitian :-  Profesionalisme Kerja memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Apartatur Sipil Negara; -  Motivasi Kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Apartatur Sipil Negara. - Kepemimpinan Inspektur memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kinerja Apartatur Sipil Negara. Dengan demikian Profesionalisme Kerja dapat digunakan sebagai variabel moderasi; - Profesionalisme Kerja dengan Kepemimpinan Inspektur sebagai variabel moderasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Apartatur Sipil Negara dan - Motivasi Kerja dengan Kepemimpinan Inspektur sebagai variabel moderasi berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara.
APLIKASI BENEISH INDEX UNTUK MENDETEKSI POTENSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN TAMBANG BATUBARA DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI)
Authors: Adhitama Avisena
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase perusahaan tambang batubara yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2018 termasuk manipulator, non manipulator dan tidak termasuk manipulator atau non manipulator (grey). Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 22 perusahaan tambang batubara di BEI. Analisis data menggunakan Beneish Ratio Index. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perusahaan tambang batubara tergolong manipulator adalah 0%, tidak tergolong manipulator maupun non manipulator adalah 20% dan tergolong manipulator adalah 80%.
PENGARUH KUALITAS AUDIT TERHADAP FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING DENGAN KOMITE AUDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016 – 2018)
Authors: Riyanti Endah Catur , W Putri Hanna Christina , Artadi Wikanto , Umar Haryono
Published: November 2019

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence the influence of Audit Quality on the Fraudulent Financial Reporting with Audit Committee as a Moderating Variable in Manufacture Companies listed in Indonesia’s Stock Exchange on 2016 – 2018. This paper uses generalised least squares regression to investigate the influence of Audit Quality on the Fraudulent Financial Reporting with Audit Committee as a moderating variable for a sample of manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange over a three-year period from 2016 to 2018. The method of  purposive sampling is used to gain the samples. The measurement of FFR is using Real Earning Management (Abnormal Cashflow). Audit Quality and Audit Committee are analyzed from the data within annual report. The result of the research findings show that Competence of Audit Committee has a positive insignificant effect on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Meanwhile Audit Quality have a negative insignificant effect on Fraudulent Financial Reporting and Audit Committee strengthens positive insignificant of Audit Quality on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. The main contribution of this study is that it investigates Audit Committee strengthens influence of Audit Quality on Fraudulent Financial Reporting on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Furthermore, this study is the initial paper to examine the impact of Audit Quality and Audit Committee on Fraudulent Financial Reporting in Indonesia. 
ANALISIS FRAUD DIAMOND DALAM MENDETEKSI FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2016 – 2018
Authors: Suryani Ika Cipta
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel Fraud Diamond terhadap Financial Fraud Statement. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 28 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2016-2018. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek manufaktur selama periode 2016-2018. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan perangkat lunak Eviews 8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Financial Target (Pressure), Change in Auditor (Rationalization), dan Change in Director (Capability) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Financial statement, sedangkan Ineffective Monitoring (Opportunity) tidak berpengeruh terhadap Financial Statement Fraud
ANALISIS PENGARUH ROTASI AUDIT DAN UKURAN KAP TERHADAP INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KUALITAS AUDIT MELALUI LOWBALLING AUDIT (SURVEI PADA KAP YANG MEMILIKI IZIN MENGAUDIT INDUSTRI BERBASIS SYARIAH DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Zaki
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi independensi auditor dan kualitas audit. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer melalui kuesioner. Kuesioner disebar kepada auditor independen di Indonesia yang bekerja pada Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) dengan legal mengaudit industri berbasis syariah di Indonesia sesuai daftar di directory KAP yang diterbitkan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Indonesia (OJK) tahun 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan judgement. Kuesioner yang disebar berjumlah 285 kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah analisis jalur (path analysis) menggunakan Lisrel 8.7 dan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rotasi audit dan ukuran KAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keberadaan praktik lowballing audit. Rotasi Audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap independensi auditor dan ukuran KAP tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap independensi auditor. Rotasi audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit dan ukuran KAP tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Lowballing Audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap independensi auditor dan independensi auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Rotasi Audit dan ukuran KAP bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap praktik lowballing audit serta berdampak pada independensi auditor. Rotasi Audit dan ukuran KAP bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap independensi auditor serta berdampak pada kualitas audit.
PENGARUH PEMBAYARAN DIVIDEN, PROSPEK PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN DAN VOLATILITAS ARUS KAS OPERASIONAL TERHADAP KUALITAS LABA DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Octoviany Geavanesa , Herawaty Vinola
Published: November 2019

Laba menjadi isu penting yang harus dilihat dari sisi kualitasnya karena laba merupakan indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja operasional perusahaan. Investor dan kreditor menggunakan laba untuk mengevaluasi kinerja manajemen, memperkirakan earnings power dan untuk memprediksi laba dimasa yang akan datang. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 97 perusahaan manufaktur periode 2013–2017. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dividen, pertumbuhan penjualan perusahaan, dan kepemilikan institusional secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laba. Namun ketika kepemilikan institusional dijadikan sebagai variabel moderasi, variabel ini tidak terbukti dapat memoderasi variabel independen dalam penelitian ini.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA, SALES GROWTH, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PRUDENCE DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Rahardja Christine , Herawaty Vinola
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh manajemen laba, sales growth, profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap prudence dengan kepemilikan manajerial sebagai variabel moderasi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2014-2018. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis data panel yang diolah pada software Eviews versi 9. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa secara parsial manajemen laba dan sales growth tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prudence. Sementara profitabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap prudence. Sebagai variabel moderasi, kepemilikan manajerial memperlemah pengaruh profitabilitas dan leverage terhadap prudence.
PENGARUH RASIO PASAR, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, LIKUIDITAS DAN AKTIVITAS TERHADAP KINERJA PASAR DENGAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI PEMODERASI
Authors: Dwi Sari Selva Octami , Herawaty Vinola
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio pasar, profitabilitas, leverage, likuiditas dan aktivitas terhadap kinerja pasar dangan corporate governance sebagai pemoderasi. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 - 2018. Untuk pengambilan sampel, peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yang artinya perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang akan dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian, sehingga diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 perusahaan dan 75 data perusahaan. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara simultan perubahan likuiditas berpengaruh  signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pasar perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di  Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 - 2018. Sedangkan Rasio Pasar, Profitabilitas, Leverage, Dan Aktivitas tidak berpengaruh  terhadap Kinerja Pasar perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di  Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 - 2018.
FRAUD PENTAGON DALAM MENDETEKSI RISIKO KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAN MANUFAKTUR TAHUN 2016-2018
Authors: Utami Yuvita Damayanti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor kecurangan dalam teori fraud pentagon terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan dengan pendekatan manajemen laba riil. Pada penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh target keuangan, tekanan eksternal, kualitas auditor, perubahan direktur, pemantauan tidak efektif, dan jumlah gambar CEO dalam kecurangan laporan keuangan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 14 perusahaan manufaktur go public tahun 2016 sampai tahun 2018. Data yang digunakan ialah data sekunder yang berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan di situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Uji data penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi linear. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh tekanan eksternal dan pemantauan tidak efektif berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan, sedangkan target keuangan, kualitas auditor eksternal, pergantian direksi, jumlah foto CEO yang terpampang di laporan tahunan perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
FAKTOR DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMAMPUAN AUDITOR MENDETEKSI KECURANGAN
Authors: Dwita Lonella
Published: November 2019

Kemampuan untuk mendeteksi kecurangan adalah keterampilan atau keahlian auditor untuk menemukan indikasi kecurangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Independensi, tekanan waktu, pengalaman, ukuran KAP,dan skeptisme profesional terhadap kemampuan auditor mendeteksi kecurangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jakarta pada tahun 2019. Populasi penelitian ini adalah akuntansi publik di jakarta dengan menyebarkan kuesioner langsung kepada responden dan menyebarkan secara online. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 71 auditor. Penelitian menggunakan data primer, Analisis data yang digunakan adalah SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Independensi,tekanan waktu, dan ukuran perusahaan tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan auditor untuk mendeteksi kecurangan sementara pengalaman dan skeptisme profesional mempengaruhi kemampuan auditor mendeteksi kecurangan
SISTEM PEMBINAAN NARAPIDANA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KLAS I CIPINANG DITINJAU BERDASAKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 12 TAHUN 1995 TENTANG PEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Heliany Ina , Manurung Edison Hatogan
Published: November 2019

Kejahatan merupakan suatu tindakan kriminal yang dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja tanpa memandang umur maupun status sosialhal ini, ketika seseorang mealakukan kejahatan maka ia akan mendapat hukuman di penjara. Selama di dalam penjara narapidana diberikan pembinaan, pembinaan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem kepenjaraan yaitu sebuah sistem yang mempergunakan prinsip balas dendam dari negara terhadap mereka.Tetapi pada kenyataannya hal tersebut tidak berjalan dengan mulus, sehingga Sahardjo, dalam Konferensi Dinas Kepenjaraan di Lembang pada tanggal 27 April 1964  melontarkan gagasan perubahan tujuan pembinaan dari sistem kepenjaraan ke sistem pemasyarakatan. Menurut Sahardjo untuk memperlakukan narapidana diperlukan landasan sistem pemasyarakatan. Mengingat adanya sebuah perubahan dari Sistem Kepenjaraan menjadi Sistem Pemasyarakatan tersebut diatas, maka peneliti sangat tertarik sekali untuk melakukan sebuah penelitian tentang bagaimanakah implementasi pembinaan dalam sistem pemasyarakatan yang ada di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Cipinang ditinjau dari Undang-undang No 12 Tahun 1995 Tentang Pemasyarakatan ?. adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan metode yuridis normatif yakni metode yang metode yang digunakan dengan menguasai hukumnya bagi suatu persoalan tertentu serta bagaimana melaksanakan atau menerapkan peraturan-peraturan hukum tersebut.Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Implementasi Pembinaan yang diperoleh peneliti dari Bidang Bimbingan Kemasyarakatan (Bim Kemasy) Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas I Cipinang pada dasarnya WBP (Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan) diberikan dua jenis pembinaan yaitu Pembinaan kepribadian dan pembinaan kemandirian. Pembinaan kepribadian meliputi antara lain:Pembinaan kesadaran beragama Pembinaan Kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara Pembinaan Kemampuan intelektual Pembinaan Kesadaran HukumPembinaan Sosial Kemasyarakatan (integrasi). Sedangkan pembinaan kemandirian meliputi berbagai macam keterampilan yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan bakatnya masing – masing.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI ASURANSI JIWA UNIT SYARIAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEA
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Naufal Muhammad Reza
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi asuransi syariah di Indonesia dengan mengunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Pendekatan DEA yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan intermediasi (the intermediation approach) dimana input yang digunakan adalah total aset, beban umum dan administrasi, dan beban komisi. Sedangkan output yang digunakan adalah premi bruto dan dana tabarru’. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 sampel asuransi jiwa unit syariah yang terdaftar di OJK periode 2014 sampai 2016. Dari hasil olah data diketahui bahwa PT Avrist Assurance dan PT Asuransi Jiwa Central Asia raya menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi tidak dapat mencapai 100% selama tiga periode penelitian. Rendahnya tingkat efisiensi sejumlah perusahaan asuransi dalam penelitian ini dipengaruhi oleh beban umum dan administrasi, total aset dan beban komisi.
MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA INDUSTRI ASURANSI
Authors: Safi’i Agung Muhammad , Risqiani Renny , Lukito Nico
Published: November 2019

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi satisfaction dan loyalty  pelanggan dalam industri asuransi dan membahas bagaimana meningkatkan satisfaction dan loyalty  pelanggan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain riset kausal, yang menentukan hubungan yang bersifat sebab akibat dari suatu fenomena. Metode survey online digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data responden yang memiliki asuransi unitlink di Jakarta dan hasil survey memperoleh 300 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sedangkan pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Temuan: Trust menjadi kontributor terbesar bagi satisfaction dan loyalty pelanggan. Co-production memiliki pengaruh positif satisfaction, sedangkan customization memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap loyalty  pelanggan. Satisfaction berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalty pelanggan dalam industri asuransi. Sedangkan individual cognitive tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap satisfaction. Keterbatasan: Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada pelanggan asuransi unitlink yang ada di Jakarta dengan jumlah responden yang terbatas, untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambah dan memperluas sampel yang diteliti sehingga hasilnya dapat digeneralisir.
STRATEGI CMS (CENTRE FOR MAWARITS STUDIES) UNIDA GONTOR DALAM IMPLEMENTASI PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARIS MENURUT ILMU MAWARIST DI KELUARGA MUSLIM
Authors: Rahmawati Ria , Khasanah Neneng Uswatun
Published: November 2019

Ilmu Mawarits adalah salah satu cabang ilmu yang wajib dipelajari oleh umat Islam sesuai dengan anjuran Nabi Muhammad SAW karena ilmu mawarits ini akan hilang apabila tidak ada yang mempelajari dan mengajarkannya. Perselisihan ahli waris sering terjadi apabila dalam pembagian harta warisan dirasa tidak adil atau tidak sesuai dengan hukum atau norma yang berlaku. Masalah waris adalah termasuk dalam ranah perdata sehingga ada undang-undang yang mengatur masalah ini. Adakalanya dalam pembagian warisan menggunakan hukum perdata, hukum adat dan hukum wari Islam (mawarits). Indonesia mayoritas penduduknya adalah beragama Islam maka sudah sepatutnya umat Islam menggunakan ilmu mawarits dalam pembagian harta warisan yang ditinggalkan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Reseach) yang menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi CMS (Centre For Mawarits Studies) UNIDA Gontor dalam mengimplementasikan pembagian harta warisan menurut ilmu mawarist di keluarga muslim. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah CMS membuat beberapa metode dan edukasi untuk keluarga muslim supaya mereka mampu mengimplementasikan pembagian harta warisan sesuai dengan ilmu mawarits diantaranya adalah; membentuk KSM (Keluarga Sadar Mawarits), metode PSP (Penentuan Sebelum Pembagian). Ketika keluarga muslim mengimplementasikan ilmu mawarist dalam keluarga; maka mereka sudah menjalankan cabang ilmu syariah yang tidak kalah pentingnya dengan aqidah.
ANALISIS INVESTASI LINGKUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN QUADRANT ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE (Studi Kasus pada PT SI Tbk)
Authors: Yuliarini Sarah , Inayati Titik
Published: November 2019

Perusahaan-perusahaan yang peduli terhadap lingkungan akan menyediakan dana khusus untuk investasi lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengukur tentang costefficiency (X1), Investment on the Environment (IE) terhadap CoGM in costefficiency (absorption)(Y). Parameter yang digunakan berdasarkan matrik 4 kuadran yang menunjukkan posisi persepektif perusahaan, artikulasi regulator yang terkait dengan aspek lingkungandalam akuntansi. Satu-satunya cara untuk memasukkan efek investasi lingkungan ke dalam persamaan biaya adalah dengantermasuk tren waktu (t) sebagai variabel penjelas tambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi perusahaan dalam Quadrant of environmental performance. Penelitian ini dilakukan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengunakan data keuangan perusahaan-perusahaan yang go public yang telah melakukan CSR report untuk kepeduliannya terhadap lingkungan. Perhitungan dengan menggunakan y ƒ (x) + ė sebagai asumsi bahwa keduanya dalam tahap investasi terbaru perusahaan dalam memasuki tahap investasi.Kontribusi capaian menunjukkan bagaimana perusahaan dalam melakukan investasi secara konsisten setiap tahun demi keberlanjutan kepeduliannya terhadap lingkungan dengan green management dalam pos rekening Bina Lingkungan.