bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in bone tumor patients comparing limb salvage and amputation of the lower extremity
Authors: Postma Aleida , Kingma Annet , De Ruiter Johan H. , Koops Heimen Schraffordt , Veth René P. H. , Goëken Ludwig N. H. , Kamps Willem A. , Karakousis Constantine P.
Published: February 2007

In 33 long‐term survivors of lower extremity bone cancer quality‐of‐life data were studied following limb salvage compared to amputation. Self‐report questionnaires, semistructured interviews and visual analog scales were used to measure psychoneurotic and somatical distress, activities of daily living, self‐esteem, and adjustment to illness. Fourteen patients with limb salvage (age 13–56 years, median 24) and 19 patients with an amputation (age 21–53 years, median 27) were evaluated 2–17 years (median 10 years) after surgery. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. However, physical complaints were reported more often by limb salvage patients, whereas the amputees showed a trend toward lower self‐esteem and isolation in social life, due to their disability. Both groups felt equal diminution of quality of life and disability as measured on the visual analog scale. These findings could support the cosmetic advantage of limb salvage compared to amputation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucinous component in colorectal carcinoma—prognostic significance: A study in a south Indian population
Authors: Suma Krupa Shankar , Nirmala Vadakkepat , Meyer John S.
Published: February 2007

One hundred eighteen specimens of colorectal carcinoma have been studied with a view to assess the clinicopathological significance of the mucinous component in these neoplasms. When 50% or more of high‐power fields examined consisted of “mucinous” tumour tissue, the term mucinous carcinoma was applied. Such mucinous carcinomas (MCa) constituted 19% of the total neoplasms studied. Predilection for the younger age group, a higher incidence in the proximal colon as against the rectosigmoid, and a lower distribution in the rectosigmoid as against nonmucinous carcinomas in that region were some of the features that characterised MCa. Clinical and histological features suggestive of aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis were more frequently observed in MCa. These features correlated with the percentage of mucinous component independently of the histological grade. It is concluded that colorectal mucinous carcinomas form a distinct group of neoplasms with certain clinical and pathological characteristics. These neoplasms tend to follow an aggressive clinical course, which is directly influenced by the mucinous component. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary penile malignancies: The spectrum of presentation
Authors: Belville William D. , Cohen Jill A.
Published: February 2007

Secondary penile carcinoma is a rare disease with signs and symptoms covering a wide spectrum, from simple erythema to priapism. We report two cases of penile metastatic involvement that are illustrative of this spectrum. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic markers of colorectal cancer: An evaluation of DNA content, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki‐67
Authors: Hemming Alan W. , Davis Noelle L. , Kluftinger Andreas , Robinson Bruce , Quenville Noel F. , Liseman Babette , Lcriche Jean
Published: February 2007

Between January 1989 and August 1991, 62 patients undergoing resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma were assessed in a prospective fashion on the basis of various tumor characteristics that are thought to indicate prognosis. Parameters measured included epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) expression, a cell membrane receptor known to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, Ki‐67, a monoclonal antibody marker of cell proliferation, as well as flow cytometry and standard histologic examination. Statistical analysis included chi square with Yates correction when appropriate, Wilcoxon W, and multivariate logistic regression. EGFr pasitive tumors were associated with worse Dukes' stage (27% of EGFr negative tumors were Dukes' C or D vs. 58% of EGFr positive tumors, P = 0.03), as well as more aneuploid characteristics by flow cytometry (48% EGFr negative = aneuploid vs. 82% EGFr positive = aneuploid, P = 0.01). Lymphatic invasion was more frequent in EGFr positive tumors (P = 0.03). These factors proved to be independent of each other by multivariate analysis. Ki‐67 did not correlate with any of the measured parameters and was of extremely limited use in the evaluation of the study population. Multivariate analysis indicated that aneuploid tumors were associated with worse Dukes' stage than diploid tumors. Histologic parameters such as lymphatic and vascular invasion as well as histologic grade are compared to the other parameters involved with prognosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting as persistent diarrhea
Authors: Gifaldi Amy S. , Petros James G. , Wolfe Gail R. Z.
Published: February 2007

Patients with breast carcinoma metastatic to the colon generally present with multiple symptoms, usually pain, vomiting, nausea, and ascites. We describe a patient who presented only with persistent diarrhea, underwent surgery for colon cancer, and, on pathological evaluation of the surgical specimen, was found to have metastatic breast cancer affecting the colon. Metastatic breast cancer should therefore be suspected in patients with a history of breast cancer and diarrhea of unknown cause that is not accompanied by other symptoms. Evaluating such patients by colonoscopy and biopsy would provide important information relevant to choosing between colon surgery and systemic therapy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complications of radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy for the treatment of carcinoma of the vulva
Authors: Ayhan Ali , Tuncer Z. Selçuk , Akarin Rahime , Yücel Işin , Develioǧlu Osman , Mercan Ramazan , Zeyneloǧlu Hulusi
Published: February 2007

Forty‐two patients with invasive carcinoma of the vulva, subjected to radical vulvectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy, were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 61.6 years. Fifteen patients (35.7%) had complicating medical diseases, the histopathological diagnoses were squamous carcinoma (n = 39), undifferentiated carcinoma (n = l), and malignant melanoma (n = 2). The postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were found to be 73.8% and 11.6%, respectively. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: A heterogeneous disorder
Authors: Dhir Vinay , Mohandas K. M. , Swaroop Vege Santhi , Krishnamurthy Shanta , Kane Shubhasa , Desai Devendra C. , Nagral Aabha , Jagannath P. , Desouza Luis J. , Pradhan Sultan A.
Published: February 2007

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare tumors with a relatively better prognosis as compared to other pancreatic cancers. They may be mistaken for pseudocysts. Seventeen patients who underwent surgical resection were analyzed. Seventy percent of the patients were females and 76.7% of the tumors were located in the tail of the pancreas. Preoperative diagnosis was made on the basis of ultrasonography and/or computed tomography findings in 60% of patients. Retrospective review of the imaging modalities revealed one or more findings suggestive of cystic neoplasms in 90% of the patients. These included multiloculated cysts, thickened cyst wall, intracystic mass or calcifications, and presence of liver metastasis. All the tumors were completely or partly excised. The final histopathological diagnosis was microcystic adenoma in 2, mucinous cyst adenoma in 1, papillary cystic neoplasm in 3, cystic neuroendocrine tumor in 5, and cystadenocarcinoma in 6. Of the 17 patients, 10 had malignant tumors. Seven patients with benign tumors and 3 patients with malignant tumors are disease free 12–30 months after resection. Cystic neoplasm must always be considered as a possibility when dealing with cystic lesions of the pancreas and a careful evaluation of ultrasonography and computed tomo‐graphic scan may give a clue to the diagnosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of vagotomy and pyloroplasty on colorectal tumor induction in the rat
Authors: Nelson Richard L. , Briley Susan , Vaz Octavio P. , Abcarian Hercand
Published: February 2007

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that vagotomy increases subsequent colorectal cancer risk. This hypothesis was investigated in the rat 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) colorectal carcinogenesis model. Eighty‐five rats were divided into four groups having either truncal vagotomy and Heineke‐Mickulicz pyloroplasty, pyloroplasty alone, laparotomy alone, and anesthesia alone. After recovery from the procedures, colon tumors were induced with five injections of DMH. Results of carcinogenesis show a trend towards increased incidence and yield of colorectal and duodenal tumors after vagotomy, though this was not statistically significant, perhaps because the high postoperative mortality from vagotomy diminished the power of the Study. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An alternative treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma: Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: You Yau‐Tong , Wang Jeng‐Yi , Changchien Chung‐Rong , Chen Jinn‐Shiun , Hsu Kuan Cheng , Tang Reiping , Fan Hong‐Arh
Published: February 2007

The conventional surgical treatment of anal squamous cell carcinoma is abdominoperineal resection. A new approach of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been proposed following the observation of excellent local control. In this retrospective study, 40 cases of primary anal squamous cell carcinoma without distant metastasis were collected between 1979 and 1986 and the individual prognosis of the above two methods of treatment was evaluated. Group I (20 cases) received abdominoperineal resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy. Postoperative radiation was given if regional lymph node biopsy was positive. Group II (20 cases) received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with or without wide local excision. Radiation was delivered to the anus, pelvis, and bilateral inguinal nodal areas to a total dose of 5,500 rads. A continuous infusion of 5‐FU was started on day 2 of the irradiation at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 body surfaceiday for 5 days and a bolus injection of rnitomycin was given on day 2 at a dose of 10 mg/m2 body surface. The second course was given 1 month later to complete the chemotherapy. The wide local excision was performed if the disease still persisted after completion of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All 40 cases were followed up for at least 5 years. All cases (100%) in group I survived 1 year, 18 cases (90%) 2 years, 14 cases (70%) 3 years, 10 cases (50%) 4 years, and 6 cases (30%) 5 years. Twenty cases (100%) in group II survived 1 year, 17 cases (85%) 2 years, 13 cases (65%) 3 years, 8 cases (40%) 4 years, and 5 cases (25%) survived 5 years. All the mortalities in both groups died of distant metastasis or abdominal carcinomatosis. From the above results, the overall survival rate of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy was not significantly worse than that of convential abdominoperineal resection. In conclusion, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be chosen as an alternative management in treating anal squamous cell carcinoma. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
False negative breast biopsy for palpable mass
Authors: Zitarelli Joseph , Burkhart Linda L. , Weiss Stephen M.
Published: February 2007

Open breast biopsy is considered to be the most reliable method for the diagnosis of breast cancer in patients with palpable masses. Rarely, after a breast biopsy has been reported to be benign, cancer will be identified at the site of the biopsy. Eight patients were reviewed in whom breast cancer was demonstrated at the site of a previously negative biopsy at intervals ranging between 4 months and 3 years after the original, negative biopsy. Several possible explanations exist to account for this occurrence. The surgeon must be aware that the presence of a mass at the site of prior breast biopsy may be an indication for repeat excision. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental cancer chemotherapy using A liver metastatic model of human colon cancer transplanted into the spleen of severe combined immunodeficient mice
Authors: Kuo Tsong‐Hong , Kubota Tetsuro , Nishibori Hideki , Watanabe Masahiko , Furukawa Toshiharu , Kase Suguru , Tanino Hirokazu , Saikawa Yoshiro , Teramoto Tatsuo , Kitajima Masaki
Published: February 2007

We have developed a liver metastatic model of human colon cancer using severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Liver metastases were observed in all the SCID mice on day 28 after intrasplenic injection with 5 × 106 dissociated tumor cells of COL‐2‐JCK, a human colon cancer strain serially transplanted in nude mice. When this model was applied for chemotherapeutic experiments, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) demonstrated significant antitumor effects in preventing liver metastases, whereas the efficacy of 5‐FU was limited in the currently used sc‐ip chemosensitivity assay in nude mice. When the human LDH‐5 isozyme was evaluated in the homogenized metastatic liver tissue of SCID mice, a good correlation was obtained between the liver tumor weights and LDH‐5 isozyme, suggesting that it could be a promising quantitative indicator for metastases. This model would be useful for further studies on the treatment of liver metastases of colon cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CA 19‐9 as a prognostic index after resection for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sperti Cosimo , Pasquali Claudio , Catalini Sandra , Cappellazzo Francesco , Bonadimani Bruno , Behboo Roubik , Pedrazzoli Sergio
Published: February 2007

Serial serum CA 19‐9 assays were performed in 30 consecutive patients who underwent resection for pancreatic cancer. Patients with preoperative CA 19‐9 levels < 200 U/ml had significantly better prognosis than those with CA 19‐9 > 200 Ulml (P < 0.001). Serum tumor marker normalized in 14 patients after tumor resection, and survival in this group was significantly higher than that of patients with persistently elevated CA 19‐9 (P < 0.0001). Prognosis was also influenced by absence of lymph node metastases (P < 0.02) and radicality of resection (P < 0.005). Elevation of serum CA 19‐9 levels after operation well predicted tumor recurrence from 1‐10 months before clinical and radiological evidence. CA 19‐9 determination is useful as a prognostic index after resection for pancreatic carcinoma and as a surveillance test in monitoring the efficacy of treatment. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrence‐associated mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Krausz Yodphat , Uziely Beatrice , Karger Haim , Isacson Ruth , Catane Raphael , Glaser Benjamin
Published: February 2007

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is associated with prolonged natural history, and even recurrent tumor is not necessarily followed by increased mortality. Prognostic factors and different treatment strategies, therefore, are difficult to assess. One hundred and fifty‐seven patients were followed in our clinic. In an attempt to predict mortality from this tumor, we evaluated the risk factors in 36 patients who presented with recurrent disease. Ten of these patients died. Age above 40 years at initial diagnosis was the predominant risk factor associated with 44% mortality after recurrence. Male sex, lack of radioiodine treatment, and distant site of initial recurrence were all associated with a trend towards increased mortality. Tumor histology and local invasion or extent of initial surgical treatment failed to affect mortality. In conclusion, this approach may be used to identify those patients who will die from their disease, despite currently available treatment. It remains to be seen, however, if new treatment protocols can be developed to improve the prognosis of these patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in fresh human gastric cancer cells assessed by flow cytometry
Authors: Tamai Mikiko , Tanimura Hiroshi , Yamaue Hiroki , Iwahashi Makoto , Tsunoda Takuya , Tani Masaji , Noguchi Kohei , Hotta Tsukasa , Arii Kazuo
Published: February 2007

The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by tumor cells from freshly excised human gastric cancers was investigated using flow cytometry (FCM). Highly purified fresh human cancer cells were obtained from solid tumors in 20 patients and from malignant ascites in 6 patients. Thirteen of the 26 tumors were positive for CEA by FCM. CEA expression was more common in well‐differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated tumors. CEA expression was investigated by both FCM and immuno‐histochemistry in 9 patients, and the two methods agreed in 8 of them. However, quantitative evaluation of CEA expression could only be performed by FCM and not by immunohistochemical staining. FCM could analyze the expression of CEA not only on the cell membrane but also in the cytoplasm, by using gastric cancer cells with or without Triton X‐100 treatment. Thus, this study showed that CEA expression can be determined and evaluated quantitatively by FCM. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the extremity with sequential adriamycin and cisplatin
Authors: Pathak Anand B. , Advani Suresh H. , Iyer Rajaram S. , Pai Suresh K. , Gopal Ramakrishna , Nadkarni Kanchan S. , Saikia Tapan K. , Kurkure Purna A. , Nair Chandrika N. , Pai Vasant R. , Badhwar Rajesh , Deshpande Raman K. , Desai Prafulla B. , Karakousis Constantine P.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐nine patients with high‐grade nonmetastatic osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy following definitive surgery. Chemotherapy consisted of systemic intravenous Adriamycin and cisplatin in a sequential fashion given for six courses. Nineteen out of 29 patients are alive and continuously disease free over a follow‐up period ranging from 9+ to 30+ months. The relapse‐free survival was 72%, and overall survival for the entire group was 69%. Median survival is not reached yet. Six out of 29 patients relapsed, of which 1 patient is alive for 6+ months after relapse. Three patients died of chemotherapy toxicity. The results were superior to historical controls treated with surgery alone. The need for more aggressive treatment approaches is discussed. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic cryosurgery with and without the bair huggers®
Authors: Onik Gary M. , Chambers Nathan , Chernus Steven A. , Zemel Reuben , Atkinson Donald , Weaver M. Lance
Published: February 2007

Hypothermia is a significant clinical problem during hepatic cryosurgery, which at times causes the procedure to be halted until the patient's body temperature can be raised. This study examines the effects of the Bair Huggerm (a warming device) on body temperature during hepatic cryosurgery. Twenty‐eight cases of hepatic cryosurgery were performed without the Bair Huggerm, while 44 cases included the Bair Huggerm. The lowest mean temperature was significantly lower in the group without the Bair Huggerm® (34.2°C vs. 35.3°C; P < 0.0001). In addition, this group showed a significantly greater mean change in temperature during the procedure (1.81°C vs. 0.73°C; P < 0.0001). No patient in the Bair Hugger® group reached the point of clinically significant hypothermia. In conclusion, the Bair Hugger® is safe and very effective in regulating body temperature and it is an essential piece of equipment performing hepatic cryosurgery. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Iyer Rajaram S. , Rao S. R. , Gurjal A. , Nair Chandrika N. , Pai Suresh K. , Kurkure Purna A. , Pande Subodh C. , Advani Suresh H.
Published: February 2007

Between 1984–1987, 50 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the bone were entered on combined modality protocol at Tata Memorial Hospital. Protocol treatment involved induction therapy consisting of 6‐week therapy with vincristine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and cyclophosphamide (VDC) followed by local radiotherapy 50 Gy to the involved bone. This was followed for six more cycles of VDC. Five patients had metastatic disease at presentation. Seventy‐six percent (38/50) of patients had disease either at axial or proximal site. With a median follow‐up of 48 months (range 14–87) 21 patients remained alive with disease‐free survival of 38.0% ± 2.5% at 5 years and overall survival of 36.0% ± 2.6% at 5 years. Twentyfive patients relapsed with five patients developing local failure and four local and distant metastasis. Using Lee‐Desu statistical methods, only response to therapy was a significant factor for survival. We conclude that more aggressive therapy with proper selection of local treatment modality including surgery and/or radiotherapy is required to produce more long‐term survival in high‐risk Ewing's sarcoma. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant arterial tumor embolization
Authors: Chandler Christopher
Published: February 2007

Malignant arterial tumor emboli large enough to cause ischemia or organ infarction are a rare, but often fatal, complication of neoplastic disease. The majority of arterial emboli are associated with primary or secondary pulmonary malignancies. The sites where they impact are similar in distribution to arteriosclerotic emboli, and the treatment follows well‐established principles developed for the treatment of arteriosclerotic emboli. The results of embolectomy in accessible sites are very good, thus treatment should always be attempted. A case of a superior mesenteric tumor embolus occurring after pneumonectomy is reported, together with a review of all published cases of arterial tumor emboli of sufficient size to cause organ infarction or ischemia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wound bleeding after head and neck surgery
Authors: Matory Yvedt L. , Spiro Ronald H.
Published: February 2007

Using our head and neck service database, we reviewed 3,200 surgical procedures performed at our institution over a 7‐year period. We identified 54 patients whose surgery was complicated postoperatively by wound bleeding. The procedure most often complicated by wound bleeding was parotidectomy, 1.7% (14 of 510 patients), followed by thyroidectomy, 1.6% (8 of 504 patients), neck dissection combined with other procedures, 1.3% (12 of 885 patients), and neck dissection alone, 1.1% (6 of 534 patients). Bleeding developed in flap donor sites in 2 of 227 patients and followed miscellaneous procedures in 12 others. Thirty‐one patients were treated by reexploration in the operating room, 13 had limited exploration on the ward and 10 were observed with no intervention. There was no difference in wound healing between the three treatment groups. However, mean hospital stay was shortest for patients who had wound exploration in the operating room, 6.2 days, for exploration on the ward, 10.8 days, and 18.9 for those that were observed. Drains had no effect on wound healing or mean hospital stay. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistologic analysis of the extracellular matrix components of the fibrous stroma of human colon cancer
Authors: Miura Seiji , Kodaira Susumu , Hosoda Yoichiro
Published: February 2007

In order to elucidate the gross composition of fibrous stroma and to better understand the obstructive nature of advanced human colonic cancers the extracellular matrix components of its stroma were analyzed immunohistologically, emphasizing the process of fibrosis and possible tissue constriction. Collagenous material, identified by Masson's trichrome stain, was distributed mainly in the invasive area, where type I and III collagens and chondroitin 4‐sulfate stained intensely in the periacinar area, and further, fibronectin stained. Conversely, in the invasive area away from tumor acini type III collagen stained weakly and fibronectin not at all. Type V collagen and myofibroblasts stained in the periacinar area and did not stain in the invasive area away from tumor acini, the findings of myofibroblasts being prominent in cases with obstructive type carcinomas. In conclusion, the invasive area, especially the periacinar area, displayed signs of active ongoing fibrosis and tissue contraction, which may be responsible for the genesis of obstructing type colonic carcinomas. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photo detection of carcinoma of the colon in a rat model: A pilot study
Authors: von Rueden David G. , McBrearty Francis X. , Clements Barton M. , Woratyla Steven
Published: February 2007

Photodynamic sensitizers are light‐absorbing chemicals that cause photo‐reactions in biologic systems when exposed to light of the proper wavelength. Dihematoporphyrin ethers (DHE) are the active porphyrin derivatives most commonly used as a photosensitizer (Photofrin, QLT). DHE accumulates in tumor tissue and also fluoresces when light activated. A more reliable and less costly screening method for early detection and treatment of colon cancer is needed. The present study was designed to induce adenocarcinoma of the colon in rats with 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and attempt to identify tumors early in their evolution by DHE fluorescence. Forty rats were injected with 20 mg/kg of DMH at weekly intervals until sacrifice. Photofrin (3 mg/kg) was injected through the tail vein in each prior to sacrifice. Eight colonic specimens contained invasive adenocarcinoma, seven of which fluoresced when exposed to a Woods lamp. Carcinoma in situ was identified in two specimens by fluorescence, and one fluorescent specimen contained dysplasia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of a cholecystokinin antagonist, loxiglumide (CR‐1505), on the growth of freshly separated and xenografted human pancreatic cancer
Authors: Morimoto Hideki , Nio Yoshinori , Tsubono Michihiko , Tseng Chen‐Chiu , Kawabata Kazuya , Masai Yoshikazu , Hayashi Hitoshi , Baba Nobuo , Manabe Tadao , Hosokawa Youhei , Tobe Takayoshi
Published: February 2007

The effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) and a CCK antagonist, loxiglumide (CR‐1505), on four freshly separated and six xenografted human pancreatic cancers, were investigated. The level of DNA synthesis in only one of five tested pancreatic cancers was enhanced by CCK at concentrations of 0.01–10 nM, while in the other four cancers DNA synthesis was not affected. The levels of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis (by 3H‐thymidine, 3H‐uridine, and 3H‐leucine incorporation tests, respectively) in all the tested cancers were dose‐dependently inhibited by loxiglumide at concentrations of 20–2000 μM, and the IC50 of loxiglumide for DNA synthesis in pancreatic cancers was 156 ± 80 μM (means ± SD). The in vivo effect of loxiglumide was assessed using a xenografted line (PC‐HN) transplanted in nude mice. The in vivo 50% lethal dose of loxiglumide for nude mice was about 500 mg/kg. Death was caused by respiratory failure due to severe congestion of the lung after the administration of a large dose of loxiglumide. The growth of a PC‐HN transplanted in the nude mice was significantly inhibited by subcutaneous loxiglumide at 250 mg/kg, twice a day for 28 days, which did not cause death. It is suggested that loxiglumide inhibits the in vivo and in vitro growth of human pancreatic cancer, perhaps independently of its action as a CCK antagonist, and this study also suggests that loxiglumide may be a new type of therapeutic agent to be used for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer of the male breast presenting as an axillary mass
Authors: Balich Susan M. , Khandekhar Janardan D. , Sener Stephen F.
Published: February 2007

The authors describe a 55‐year‐old man with an axillary mass. Physical examination of the breast was normal, and the patient had no risk factors for cancer of the male breast. A workup for other possible cancers was normal. Excisional biopsy of the mass revealed metastatic adenocarci‐noma. The histology favored a primary breast cancer. The patient had a right modified radical mastectomy. The pathologic examination showed infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. Adjuvant therapy included combination chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen. Physicians must be aware of the differential diagnosis of an unknown primary cancer when it presents as an axillary mass. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The tikhoff‐linberg procedure in the treatment of sarcomas of the shoulder girdle
Authors: Ham S. John , Hoekstra Harald J. , Eisma Willem H. , Koops Heimen Schraffordt , Oldhoff Jan
Published: February 2007

The majority of patients with soft tissue or bone sarcomas of the upper extremity can be treated today with limb‐saving procedures using combined modality therapies. For patients with a tumor in the shoulder area, sometimes an interscapulothoracic amputation is the only radical surgical treatment. However, in selected cases, in which the tumor does not involve the neurovascular bundle, a limb‐sparing alternative might be the Tikhoff‐Linberg resection. Normal function of the hand and forearm, with reasonable function of the elbow, can be maintained by this procedure. Four case histories are reported. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and perineural invasion in bile duct cancer
Authors: Seki Hitoshi , Tanaka Jun‐Ichi , Sato Yasuhiko , Kato Yujiro , Umezawa Akiko , Koyama Kenji
Published: February 2007

Perineural invasion is associated with tumor spreading and an unfavorable prognosis in a variety of cancers. Recently, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been reported to be affinitive to neural tissues, which suggests some relationship between NCAM and perineural invasion. This study was designed to elucidate the role of the expression of NCAM on the development of perineural invasion in bile duct cancer. A histopathologic study was performed on 24 patients with bile duct carcinoma who underwent resections. The overall incidence of NCAM expression in the resected specimen was 66.7% and that of perineural invasion was 87.5%. Furthermore, NCAM expression was shown to be positive in 16 (76%) out of 21 cases in whom perineural invasion was observed. A significant positive correlation was found between the expression of NCAM and perineural invasion in bile duct cancer. These results highlight an important role of NCAM in the development of perineural invasion in bile duct cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soft tissue sarcoma: The enigma of local recurrence
Authors: Evans Richard A.
Published: February 2007

Local recurrence following the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma has been long recognized as a grave prognostic sign. Nevertheless, many investigators have recently suggested that local recurrence following limited surgery (“local persistence”) may be a manifestation of a tumor's size and metastatic potential and not a cause of tumor cell dissemination. The author reviewed the experience of several investigators with local persistence. This event was not found to be a threat to survival. The author offers an explanation for this unexpected finding. Soft tissue tumors vary widely in their metastatic potential, and patients also may vary widely in their ability to resist the distant implantation of circulating tumor cells. Patients with a low level of host resistance may be more susceptible to both distant metastases and local persistence, and vice versa. Weaker patients succumb to their initial tumor. Patients who survive the circulating tumor cells from their primary tumor may be immunologically prepared to survive the local persistence of a similar volume of tumor without developing distant disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric soft tissue sarcomas of nonmyogenic origin
Authors: McCoy David M. , Levine Edward A. , Ferrer Karen , Gupta Tapas K. Das
Published: February 2007

Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) are relatively rare tumors, which nonetheless constitute 50% of the soft tissue sarcomas seen in the pediatric population. The prognosis for these tumors is good, with 92% of patients in our series alive and 61% free of their disease at 5 years follow‐up. The most important prognostic factor among our 35 patients was the grade of the tumor. More than 70% of our patients with grade I or II lesions are disease‐free at 5 years, compared to only 39% of patients with grade III lesions. The patients with the best outlook are those who can be treated with surgery alone as the definitive care for this disease. Resection remains the primary treatment modality in NRSTS, whereas, unlike the treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas, the value of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in treating NRSTS remains undefined. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy and whole‐body hyperthermia as combined modality treatment of a subcutaneous murine sarcoma
Authors: Geehan Douglas M. , Fabian Dagmar F. , Lefor Alan T.
Published: February 2007

Interleukin–2 and hyperthermia have been used individually to treat a variety of tumors in both experimental and human trials. Combined adoptive immunotherapy and hyperthermia is an exciting new line of investigation. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that combined local hyperthermia and rIL‐2 therapy can significantly decrease the rate of tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the effect of combined whole‐body hyperthermia (WBHT) and rIL‐2 on the growth of subcutaneous MCA‐105 murine tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of both microscopic (day 3) and macroscopic (day 10) tumors was evaluated. In the treatment of microscopic tumors, animals received either no treatment; rIL‐2 (3 × 105 IU ip tid) on days 3–7; plus WBHT(41°C for 30 min) on days 3, 5, and 7; or WBHT only on days 3, 5, and 7. In treating macroscopic tumors, animals received either no treatment; rIL‐2 on days 10–14; plus WBHT on days 10, 12, and 14; or WBHT only on days 10, 12, and 14. While combined treatment and WBHT alone had no significant effect on the growth of microscopic tumors, combined IL‐2 and WBHT significantly reduced the rate of tumor growth of macroscopic tumors. These results suggest that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in combined WBHT and rIL‐2 therapy, and may be due to effects of WBHT on the tumor vasculature. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Torii Akihito , Harada Akio , Nakao Akimasa , Nonami Toshiaki , Ito Masafumi , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) was investigated in frozen sections obtained from 40 resected liver specimens of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using immunoperoxidase techniques and immunoelectron microscopy. ICAM‐1 was expressed in 80% of the HCC specimens on the membrane of cancer cells. In noncancerous regions characterized by cirrhosis in 28 cases and chronic hepatitis in 12 cases, ICAM‐1 was rarely expressed on hepatocytes but was expressed mainly on the endothelium of portal vessels and sinusoidal lining cells. These results suggest that expression of ICAM‐1 in hepatocellular carcinoma may be induced by malignant transformation of hepatocytes. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Giant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor requiring pancreaticoduodenectomy and complete liver revascularization
Authors: Aszodi Ami , Leeming Rosemary A. , Lash Richard H. , Olsen Margaret M. , Ponsky Jeffrey L
Published: February 2007

Pancreaticoduodenectomy with revascularization of the hepatic artery and portal vein was performed on a 17‐year‐old girl with giant nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas. She had a remote history of neonatal hypoglycemia leading to mental retardation and a right Wilms' tumor resected at 8 months. Serum pancreatic polypeptide levels were elevated. Her postoperative course was complicated by an ischemic perforation of the colon, which did not infect her prosthetic vascular grafts. The relationship between her neonatal hypoglycemia, Wilms' tumor, and subsequent islet cell neoplasm is unclear. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum and immunohistochemical studies of NCC‐ST‐439 in breast cancer
Authors: Narita Tatsuhiko , Funahashi Hiroomi , Satoh Yasuyuki , Imai Tsuneo , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: February 2007

It has been thought that NCC‐ST‐439 antigen (ST‐439) is a tumor‐related carbohydrate antigen. The authors conducted serum and immunohistochemical studies to investigate the clinical significance of ST‐439 in breast cancer. The level of serum ST‐439 was elevated in advanced and recurrent breast cancers. In comparison with CEA and CA15–3, ST‐439 was superior in sensitivity but inferior in specificity to these markers. The level of serum ST‐439 showed no correlation with the levels of CEA or CA15–3. In the combination assay of these three markers, 80.6% of recurrent cases and 33.8% of primary cases were positive. Immunohistochemically, the expression of ST‐439 was observed in 28.1% of noncancerous mammary duct epithelium and in 38.1% of the cancerous portion. From the above, we concluded that ST‐439 was a tumor‐related antigen and could be a tumor marker with high sensitivity in breast cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive value of serum CA125 following optimal cytoreductive surgery during weekly cisplatin induction therapy for advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Hempling Ronald E. , Piver M. Steven , Natarajan Nachimuthu , Baker Trudy R. , Thompson John M. , Hicks Michael L. , Mettlin Curtis J.
Published: February 2007

One hundred seventy‐one patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were treated on a prospective protocol of weekly cisplatin induction (1 mg/kg weekly for four courses) followed by monthly cisplatin (50 mg/m2), Adriamycin (50 mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2). Seventy‐five patients with FIGO stage III or IV disease who underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery (<2 cm residual disease) were treated on this protocol and had weekly as well as monthly serum CA125 levels measured. A retrospective analysis was performed in order to determine if a ⩽50% fall in elevated serum CA125 levels during weekly cisplatin induction therapy would be predictive of findings at second look operation, normalization of serum CA125 levels (<35 u/ml) immediately prior to the third course of multiagent chemotherapy, and to determine the impact of such a decline on median progression‐free interval. Positive predictive values for this parameter with respect to findings at second look operation ranged between 38% and 50% (P> 0.05). Positive predictive values for this parameter with respect to normalization of serum CA125 levels immediately prior to the third course of multiagent chemotherapy ranged between 64.2% and 89.6% (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a ⩽50% fall observed in CA125 levels during four weekly courses of chemotherapy served as an independent predictor of normalization of serum CA125 levels (<35 u/ml) following two courses of multiagent chemotherapy (P = 0.009) and improved median progression‐free interval (P = 0.04). Eighteen patients demonstrated a rise in serum CA125 levels during weekly induction cisplatin chemotherapy. Only one of these patients (5.5%) demonstrated a surgical complete response at the end of standard therapy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second primary bladder cancer following pelvic irradiation for other malignancies
Authors: Ravi R.
Published: February 2007

Between 1985 and 1990, five cases of radiation‐induced bladder cancer were treated at our center. The first primary neoplasm was uterine cervical cancer in three patients, uterine endometrial cancer in one patient, and Hodgkin's disease in one patient. Additional treatment for the primary neoplasm included panhysterectomy for the patient with endometrial cancer and cyclophosphamide‐based combination chemotherapy for the patient with Hodgkin's disease. The mean age at development of bladder cancer was 60.4 years, and the average time interval between irradiation and development of bladder cancer was 14.6 years. All the bladder cancers were invasive. The treatment modalities included anterior pelvic exenteration in one patient, partial cystectomy in one patient, reirradiation in two patients, including the use of intraoperative electron therapy in one patient, and TUR plus endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment in one patient. Four patients are alive without disease at a mean follow‐up period of 15 months from the diagnosis of bladder cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity following panpleuropneumonectomy in patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer
Authors: Yasumoto Kosei , Shimokawa Toshihiro , Nagashima Akira , Hirose Nobuyuki , Nakahashi Hisashi
Published: February 2007

The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity in patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer were studied. Higher concentrations of total and free platinum in pleural effusion have been maintained for longer than 72 hours in patients who were subjected to panpleuropneumonectomy than in those who received simple drainage. Early rapid drop of total platinum within 6 hours was significant in the drainage group. Total platinum level in the serum of the panpleuropneumonectomy group gradually increased during 1–72 hours, however, that of the drainage group was highest at 1 hour after instillation and declined gradually with time. Free platinum in the serum was also present at lower concentrations in the panpleuropneumonectomy group than in the drainage group. These facts may be ascribed to the absorptive activity of parietal pleura which is present in the drainage group but absent in the panpleuropneumonectomy group. In summary, removal of the parietal pleura by panpleuropneumonectomy could cause cisplatin to be not only more active but also less toxic in patients with malignant pleurisy due to lung cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraportal injection of monoclonal antibody in nude mice bearing hepatic metastases
Authors: Rivoire Michel L. , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Voiglio Eric J. , Divgi Chaitanya R. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Chapman David , Cohen Alfred M. , Sigurdson Elin R.
Published: February 2007

Using a model for hepatic human colorectal carcinoma metastases in athymic mice, we compared the selective [intraportal (ip)] and systemic [intravenous (iv)] injection of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) strongly reactive against the cell line. Percent injected dose of radiolabeled antibody per gram (%id/g) of tumor or normal tissues was measured at selected time points (up to 5 days postinjection) within 3 dose levels: 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms (μg). At each dose level, 3–9 animals were studied in each of 3 groups: animals receiving ip injection (group HT‐29–15 ip), those receiving intravenous injection (group HT‐29–15 iv), and those receiving isotype‐matched control antibody via the intraportal route (group BL‐3 ip). Significantly greater (P< 0.005) %id/g in tumor was seen in group HT‐29–15 ip at all time points and dose levels compared to those in groups HT‐29–15 iv or BL‐3 ip. However, immediately after injection of mAb, there was no difference in tumor %id/g between groups HT‐29–15 ip and HT‐29–15 iv at the highest dose level. There was no increase in %id/g of mAb in normal liver and blood after ip injection compared to iv injection beyond day 1. Therefore ip injection resulted in higher tumor to liver and tumor to blood ratios compared to iv (P< 0.005). We conclude that delivery of mAb to hepatic metastases can be enhanced by selective injection; this has important implications in the design of future clinical trials utilizing radiolabeled mAb in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic metastases. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of cancer patients under the age of 20 at medical centers in israel and the west bank: A preliminary study
Authors: Horn Yoav , Zippin Calvin , Salhab Abdel Razak , Horani Yousuf , Wan Mahmoud , Awad Elias
Published: February 2007

This paper describes the demographic experience on 373 young cancer patients (less than 20 years of age) at two oncology centers initiated in Israel by one medical team in 1975–1977. These units are the Assaf Harofeh Medical Center (AHMC), which predominantly serves a Jewish population (103 cases); and the West Bank Cancer Unit (WBCU), which provides similar care services to the Arab population of the West Bank (270 cases). The two centers have the unique feature of serving two populations residing in close relationship but still differing in many cultural and socioeconomic characteristics. The Arab patients at WBCU tended to be younger than the Jewish children at AHMC. The five most common diagnostic sites for both AHMC and WBCU included hematopoietic system, bones and joints, soft tissue, urinary tract, and brain and nervous system, although not in the same order of occurrence. These tumor sites accounted for approximately 80% of the cases at each center.

The experience with WBCU patients was also compared with data for all Jews in Israel. This comparison identified for both sexes combined statistically significant differences in relative frequency of tumors of soft tissue, eye and orbit, brain and nervous system, and thyroid gland. If confirmed by additional data, reasons for the suggested excess risks should be pursued through more definitive epidemiological studies. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stage I testicular tumours: The tata memorial hospital experience
Authors: Tongaonkar Hemant B. , Dalal Amish V. , Kelkar Dhananjay S. , Kulkarni Jagdeesh N. , Kamat Murali R.
Published: February 2007

One hundred and fifty‐six patients with stage I testicular germ cell tumours—81 seminomas and 75 nonseminomatous tumours—were treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay over a 5 year period. Among the seminomas, 71 were treated with post‐orchidectomy prophylactic radiation therapy to the retroperitoneum and/or mediastinum, while 10 patients refused radiation therapy and were put on surveillance. The disease‐free and total survival in seminomas were 92.6% and 100%, respectively. Among the patients with nonseminomatous tumours, 58 had normal levels of serum biomarkers while 17 had raised biomarkers. In the normal marker group, 20 patients underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) with a nodal positivity of 30%, while the other 38 patients refused surgery and were either placed on unplanned surveillance (33 patients) or chemotherapy (5 patients). In this group, the patients undergoing RPLND had a survival rate of 100% as compared to 93.9% in those with surveillance. The overall disease‐free and total survival rates in patients with normal markers were 86.2% and 96.6%, respectively. In the raised marker group, 6 patients underwent RPLND with a survival rate of 100% and 11 patients received chemotherapy with a survival of 90%, with the overall survival for patients with raised markers being 94.1%. The overall disease‐free and total survival rates for all patients with stage I nonseminomatous tumours were 88% and 96%, respectively. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the adenosine triphosphate‐cell viability assay in human breast cancer chemosensitivity testing: A report on the first results
Authors: Koechli Ossi R. , Avner Barry P. , Sevin Bernd‐Uwe , Avner Belina , Perras James P. , Robinson David S. , Averette Hervy E.
Published: February 2007

Chemosensitivity testing in vitro of breast cancer has been difficult because of small tumor volume, an even smaller yield of viable cells after disaggregation, and the low evaluability rate and sensitivity of current assays. We have employed an alternative approach that quantitates intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a measure of cell viability. This ATP‐cell viability assay (ATP‐CVA) determines in vitro tumor cell viability after exposure to chemotherapeutic agents in comparison to untreated controls following 6 days of incubation. Sixty‐one fresh breast cancer specimens upon testing yielded an evaluability rate of 95%. Forty‐seven of the tumors were untreated primary breast cancers, the remaining 14 were from patients with metastatic disease. Correlations of in vitro drug sensitivity with in vivo response were obtained for 17 treatment regimens in 14 patients with metastatic breast cancer. The level of sensitivity was 90% and the specificity 86%. These preliminary data demonstrated the ATP‐CVA to be a practical in vitro approach to breast cancer testing. It will require a larger clinical study for confirmation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.