bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cranial bone maneuver ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology via enhancing meningeal lymphatic drainage function
Authors: Lu Xuan , Bai Shanshan , Feng Lu , Yan Xu , Lin Yuejun , Huang Junzhe , Liao Xulin , Wang Haixing , Li Linlong , Yang Zhengmeng , Yan Leo Yik Chun , Yang Boguang , Wang Ming , Jin Jiakang , Zong Zhixian , Jiang Zhaowei , Huang Chuiguo , Liu Chaoran , Zhang Xiaoting , Su Han , Wang Yaofeng , Lee Wayne Yuk‐Wai , Jiang Xiaohua , Tortorella Micky D. , Lin Sien , Ko Ho , Li Gang
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia. Recent research highlights meningeal lymphatics as key regulators in neurological diseases, suggesting that enhancing their drainage function could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Our proof‐of‐concept study demonstrated that cranial bone transport can improve meningeal lymphatic drainage function and promote ischemic stroke recovery.

METHODS

This study defined cranial bone maneuver (CBM) technique. After osteotomy, a small circular bone flap was made and attached to an external fixator for subsequent maneuver in a controlled fashion for a defined period using 5xFAD mice.

RESULTS

CBM treatment improved memory functions, reduced amyloid deposits, and promoted meningeal lymphatic drainage function. CBM induced cascades of inflammatory and lymphangiogenic processes in skull and meninges. Meningeal lymphatics are indispensable elements for the therapeutic effects of CBM.

DISCUSSION

CBM might be a promising innovative therapy for AD management, warranting further clinical investigation.

Highlights

Cranial bone maneuver (CBM) alleviated memory deficits and amyloid depositions.

CBM promoted meningeal lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage function.

The beneficial effects of CBM lasted for a long time following the CBM procedures.

CBM induced cascades of inflammatory and lymphangiogenic processes in the meninges.

Meningeal lymphatic vessels are indispensable elements for CBM therapeutic effects.
Nanocrystals with Aggregate Anionic Structure Enable Ion Transport Decoupling of Chain Segment Movement in Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes
Authors: Hou Jinze , Xie Weiwei , Shang Long , Wu Shuang , Cui Yuewei , Li Yixin , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Lu Yong , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

All‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes are promising for lithium batteries, but Li+ transport in these electrolytes relies on amorphous chain segment movement, leading to low Li+ mobility and poor mechanical strength. Here we propose a novel Li+ transport mechanism mediated by PEO3:LiBF4 nanocrystals (NCPB) with the aggregate (AGG) anionic structure, which enables a change from amorphous to crystalline phase dominated ion transport in all‐solid‐state PEO/LiBF4 electrolyte. Experiments and simulations reveal that the interaction between Li+ and F in NCPB with AGG anionic structure simultaneously restricts anion transport and reorients anions within the free volume of NCPB, resulting in a three‐coordination intermediate to facilitate Li+ transport. The unique Li+ transport mechanism through NCPB makes the PEO/LiBF4 electrolyte with a high Li+ transference number (0.73) and remarkably increased mechanical strength (storage modulus >100 MPa) at 45 °C. As a result, the Li|LiFePO4 batteries with the ultrathin self‐supported PEO/LiBF4 electrolyte (10 μm) exhibit significantly improved cycle life (97 % @ 468 cycles) compared to those with PEO/LiTFSI electrolyte (failed @ 68 cycles). This work demonstrates a novel ion transport mechanism for achieving selective and rapid Li+ transport.
Taming the Ion‐Dipole Interaction via Rational Diluent Selection for Low‐Temperature Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhu Zhenglu , Li Yan , Ji Jie , Qi Xiaoqun , Pan Junqing , Ma Jiwei , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui
Published: January 2025

Developing advanced electrolytes with high Li affinity is crucial for achieving long‐cycling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the strong Li+‐solvent interactions in conventional electrolytes often induce difficult Li+ desolvation especially under low‐temperature conditions, resulting in the formation of fragile electrode interfaces involving solvents, and thus dissatisfactory cycling stability of LMBs. Herein, by introducing various diluents into the lithium hexafluorophosphate in 1, 2‐dimethoxyethane electrolyte, we reveal that Li+ desolvation is influenced by not only the diluent‐solvent interaction but also the diluent‐anion interaction. Based on these findings, a diluent selection parameter (DSP), which is calculated based on the product of interaction energies of diluent‐solvent/diluent‐Li+ and diluent‐anion/diluent‐Li+, is proposed for diluent selection. A diluent with a larger DSP is more favorable for promoting Li+ desolvation and improving the low‐temperature performance of LMBs. With the rationally selected 1, 2‐dichloroethane diluent (DSP=3.95), the Li
Cu cell enables high Li reversibility (98.5 % after 300 cycles). Li
LiFePO4 cell barely loses capacity at −20 °C for 300 cycles. The Li
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell with the anode‐to‐cathode capacity ratio of 2.7 retains 87 % capacity retention after 100 cycles. This work provides new insights into taming strong Li‐solvent interactions and offers a new paradigm for advanced electrolyte design.
Vitamin D modulates the content of inflammatory microRNAs in extracellular vesicles from human adipocyte cells in inflammatory context
Authors: Payet Thomas , Astier Julien , Bournot Lorrine , Sicard Flavie , Robert Stéphane , Lacroix Romaric , Wabitsch Martin , Landrier Jean‐François , Mounien Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Inflammation of adipose tissue is a contributing factor to many chronic diseases associated with obesity. We previously showed that micronutrients such as vitamin D (VD) limited this metabolic inflammation by decreasing inflammatory markers expression including miR‐155 (microRNA‐155) or miR‐146a in different in vitro and in vivo models. These miRNAs could be incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs) in order to modulate the activity of target cells. Nevertheless, the role of VD on the miRNAs contained in EVs from adipose tissue in inflammatory conditions remains unclear. In this study, we used a human model of SGBS (Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome) adipocytes preincubated with 1,25(OH)2D (the active form of VD) before an inflammatory stress with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). First, we confirmed by quantitative PCR that the expression of classical inflammatory factors (TNFα and chemokine ligand 2 [CCL2/MCP1]), miR‐146a, and miR‐155 was increased significantly under inflammatory conditions in SGBS cells and that VD prevented this up‐regulation. Secondly, transmission electron microscope imaging of EVs preparations in supernatant allowed visualization of small and large vesicles under these conditions. Then, EVs were obtained with isolation kit and the expression of miR‐155 and miR‐146a were measured. The expression of miR‐155 under TNFα effect was increased in EVs while miR‐146a was not detected. Moreover, we also showed that the TNFα‐mediated expression of miR‐155 in EVs was significantly reduced by a VD pre‐incubation of cells. Using miRNA PCR array, we also identified 33 miRNAs, organized in 5 clusters that were differentially regulated by TNFα and VD. Bioinformatic analysis of biological pathways revealed that the different miRNAs targeting genes that are involved in important cell process such as the regulation of transcription or protein phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results support for the first time that VD modulated the expression of miRNAs in EVs from adipocytes, which could represent a new mechanism of regulation of inflammation by micronutrients.
SDG walking or washing? A cross‐sectoral analysis of business contribution to the SDGs
Authors: Costa Roberta , Tiburzi Luigi , Morales‐Alonso Gustavo , Calabrese Armando , Rosati Francesco
Published: January 2025

Scholars and practitioners have increasingly focused on how business contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is disclosed through SDG reporting. However, corporate sustainability literature and practice suggest that SDG reporting may be purely symbolic, potentially leading to SDG washing. This paper proposes two indices to detect, through their discrepancy, the presence of symbolic approaches to SDG reporting. The SDG Coverage Index measures the completeness of the disclosed SDG‐related data, while the SDG Commitment Index describes the level of detail in the disclosed data, assessed according to SDG‐related Global Reporting Initiative indicators. The paper presents a content analysis of the sustainability reports of 376 companies to measure SDG coverage and commitment. The results suggest that, although companies tend to cover a wide range of SDG‐related indicators, this does not necessarily translate into significant commitment to the SDGs, revealing the presence of symbolic approaches and potential SDG washing practices.
Social Capital and Supplier Adaptation of Social and Environmentally Sustainable Practices
Authors: Wamalwa Lucy Simani , Nang'ole Patricia Meyer , Saruchera Fanny
Published: January 2025

Firms in emerging nations face significant challenges in integrating environmental and social considerations into their supplier operations. Weak institutional frameworks, limited government support, resource constraints, high initial capital costs, a lack of expertise and restricted access to financial institutions often compound these challenges. Our study examines how adequate buyer–supplier social capital, characterised by trust, mutual respect, shared values and open communication, enhances socially and environmentally sustainable practices adoption. While the role of social capital in facilitating collaboration, knowledge exchange and innovation is recognised, its impact on suppliers' adoption of sustainable practices still needs to be explored. Our research focuses on manufacturing firms in Kenya—a representative context that exemplifies the challenges and opportunities in developing economies. Survey data from 233 manufacturing firms reveal that structural social capital significantly enhances suppliers' social and environmental sustainability. Relational social capital significantly influences suppliers' adoption of sustainable practices, but only when reciprocity and mutual friendship are strong. Conversely, cognitive social capital has a limited effect on adopting these practices. These findings provide new insights into sustainable supply chain implementation dynamics in developing countries and highlight the roles of various forms of social capital in promoting sustainability.
Common statistical errors in systematic reviews: A tutorial
Authors: Kanellopoulou Afroditi , Dwan Kerry , Richardson Rachel
Published: January 2025

The aim of this article is to present the most common statistical errors in meta‐analyses included in systematic reviews; these are confusing standard deviation and standard error, using heterogeneity estimators for choosing between a common‐effect and random‐effects model, improper handling of multiarm trials, and unnecessary and misinterpreted subgroup analyses. We introduce some useful terminology and explain what authors can do to avoid these errors and how peer reviewers can spot them. We have also developed a micro‐learning module to provide practical hands‐on tutorial.
Progress in Double Dearomatization Reactions
Authors: Liu Xihong , Zhang Jingying
Published: January 2025

Dearomatization reactions are among the most straightforward and efficient methods for creating sp3‐rich cyclic systems from simple, readily available arenes. These reactions have been widely applied in the total synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and material sciences. The fruitful development of dearomatization strategies and methodologies targeting single aromatic substrate over the past decades has paved the way for more sophisticated multiple dearomatization processes, which offer greater advantages in constructing molecular complexity. Double dearomatization reactions have made significant pioneering strides in recent years. This review will provide an overview of the strategies and detailed examples of multiple dearomatization reactions involving various aromatic compounds, along with a discussion of the related mechanisms and the major challenges that remain in this intriguing yet formidable field.
Predictors of revision endoscopic sinus surgery in Finnish patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Lyly Annina , Simin Johanna , Aakko Juhani , Olsen Helga Haugom , Lehtimäki Lauri
Published: January 2025

Background

Although patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) may benefit from endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), some patients will experience polyp recurrence, adding to the overall disease burden of CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate predictors of revision ESS in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods

A nationwide population‐based study including all adults diagnosed with CRSwNP who had surgical procedure codes for ESS (N = 3506), followed up between January 2012 and December 2019. Logistic regression models provided adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the odds of revision surgery within one and 3 years post‐index surgery.

Results

559 (15.9%) of the patients had at least one revision surgery during the follow‐up. Median time to revision of ESS was 425 days (interquartile range: 213–898). Baseline asthma (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.17–2.12) and antibiotic use (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.27–2.04) were associated with higher odds of revision ESS, particularly within 3 years post‐index surgery, whereas Increasing age was inversely associated with the odds of ESS revision (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.88). The highest odds of revision ESS were observed within 3 years post‐index surgery in patients who had undergone extensive surgery at index (OR = 14.13, 95% CI 3.41–95.64) compared with those who had undergone limited surgery. OCS use was frequent among CRSwNP patients, with a higher cumulative dose in patients undergoing multiple ESS revisions (63%, n = 97, median daily dose 3.29 mg, IQR: 1.64–3.70) compared with patients without revisions (49%, n = 1361 and 1.64 mg, IQR: 1.64–3.29, respectively. p‐value <0.001).

Conclusions

A small proportion of CRSwNP patients require revision ESS with associated high cumulative OCS doses, highlighting the need for additional therapies to achieve disease control and reduce the corticosteroid burden. A few simple baseline characteristics can predict the need for recurrent surgery among the patients with CRSwNP.
Design and Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]Pyrazole Sigma‐1 Receptor Ligands
Authors: Cosentino Giuseppe , Dichiara Maria , Costanzo Giuliana , Coco Alessandro , Pasquinucci Lorella , Marrazzo Agostino , Rescifina Antonio , Amata Emanuele
Published: January 2025

This study presents a series of tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazole‐based compounds designed as sigma‐1 receptor (S1R) ligands, focusing on optimizing affinity and reducing off‐target effects. We synthesized various derivatives from commercially available precursors and, through radioligand binding assays, assessed their binding affinity for S1R and sigma‐2 receptor (S2R). Compound 19 (AD417), containing a benzyl group and an amide substituent, demonstrated notable S1R affinity (Ki=75 nM) with 6‐fold selectivity over S2R. Modifications on the pyrrolidine nitrogen were crucial in enhancing receptor interaction, as the protonated nitrogen likely interacts with Glu172 within the S1R binding site. Furthermore, to address hERG potassium ion channel inhibition, a known limitation in S1R drug development, we evaluated compound 19’s cardiotoxicity potential. With an experimental hERG IC50 of 5.8 μM, significantly higher than verapamil's IC50 of 0.41 μM, and haloperidol's IC50 of 0.16 μM, compound 19 showed a safer profile, suggesting a reduced risk of cardiotoxicity. These findings underscore the role of nitrogen accessibility, structural flexibility, and functional group modifications in optimizing S1R ligand interactions and provide a promising foundation for developing safer S1R‐targeted therapeutics with minimized hERG‐related risks.
Solvent Effect on Antimicrobial Hydrophilic Xerogel Coating of Medicinal Leathers in Simulated Industrial Finishing Process
Authors: Bompotis Theofanis , Karastergiou Eirini , Giannakopoulos Konstantinos , Favvas Evangelos P. , Arvanitopoulou Marina , Arvanitopoulos Konstantinos , Arvanitopoulos Labros , Kytherioti Georgia , Vardavoulias Michail , Giannakoudakis Dimitrios A. , Castellsagués Laura , Soto González. Sara Maria , Arkas Michael
Published: January 2025

The hydrophilic character and the protection against pathogen proliferation are the most pivotal characteristics of leathers intended for medical purposes. To achieve these goals, dispersions of TiO2 particles incorporating three different formulations of biomimetically synthesized silica xerogels were tested. Emphasis has been given to the role of single and dual solvents employed. Microbiocide capability was induced by benzalkonium chloride along with silver nanoparticles. Particular emphasis should be given to hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) multifunctional roles. Spontaneous mineralization of silver ions is realized in the dendritic cavities. The same polymer acts as a matrix that interacts with the hydrogen bonding network of orthosilicic acid directing and facilitating gel formation. Furthermore, it contributes to both hydrophilicity and antimicrobial properties. Gel formation and subsequent drying occur in the pores of the impregnated TiO2 substrate. The resistance of the leathers to fungal and bacterial infections and biofilm formation was assessed against Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The affinity to water was proved by the contact angle method. The proposed treatment is a prospective environmentally friendly replacement to the standard finishing process of medical leathers.
Age‐disproportionate atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease spectra
Authors: Yoshinaga Kenji , Matsushima Toma , Abe Mitsunari , Takamura Tsunehiko , Togo Hiroki , Wakasugi Noritaka , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Murai Toshiya , Mizuno Toshiki , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Kanai Kazuaki , Hoshino Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Fuse Nobuo , Mugikura Shunji ,   Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (TMMbMRI)Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease Dimensional Neuroimaging Initiative (PADNI), Hanakawa Takashi
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Brain age gap (BAG), defined as the difference between MRI‐predicted ‘brain age’ and chronological age, can capture information underlying various neurological disorders. We investigated the pathophysiological significance of the BAG across neurodegenerative disorders.

METHODS

We developed a brain age estimator using structural MRIs of healthy‐aged individuals from one cohort study. Subsequently, we applied this estimator to people with Alzheimer's disease spectra (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) from another cohort study. We investigated brain sources responsible for BAGs among these groups.

RESULTS

Both AD and PD exhibited a positive BAG. Brain sources showed overlapping, yet partially segregated, neuromorphological differences between these groups. Furthermore, employing with t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding on the brain sources, we subclassified PD into two groups with and without cognitive impairment.

DISCUSSION

Our findings suggest that brain age estimation becomes a clinically relevant method for finely stratifying neurodegenerative disorders.

Highlights

Brain age estimated from structure MRI data was greater than chronological age in patients with Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment or Parkinson's disease.

Brain regions attributed to brain age estimation were located mainly in the fronto‐temporo‐parietal cortices but not in the motor cortex or subcortical regions.

Brain sources responsible for the brain age gaps revealed roughly overlapping, yet partially segregated, neuromorphological differences between participants with Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease.

Participants with Parkinson's disease were subclassified into two groups (with and without cognitive impairment) based on brain sources responsible for the brain age gaps.
Andrographolide Mitigates Cisplatin Resistance by Inhibiting SPP1 Regulated NF‐kB/iNOS/COX‐2 and PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cisplatin Resistant Cervical Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Pasha Akbar , Ravinder Doneti , Pawar Smita C.
Published: January 2025

Drug resistance and cancer recurrence are major cause of Cervical cancer (CC) patient mortality. Cisplatin (CDDP) is the major drug that has been extremely used in all stages in treating CC, although relapse and malignant instances have been observed as a result of cisplatin resistance in CC. In the present study, we established Cisplatin resistant CC HeLa cell line model and the cytotoxic effects of Andro as a single agent or in combination with CDDP were investigated to assess its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent in cisplatin‐resistant HeLa (CisR‐HeLa) cells. Andro enhanced the cytotoxicity of CDDP in CisR‐HeLa cells and shown a synergistic effect by reducing cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and inducing apoptosis in cisplatin resistant cells. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of inflammatory and oncogenic proteins, SPP1, NF‐kB, iNOS, COX‐2, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which are associated with cisplatin resistance, as well as using Andro to regulate the targeted markers in CisR‐HeLa cells to overcome resistance. The results show that suppressing SPP1 and NF‐kB by Andro alone or in combination with CDDP regulates iNOS, COX‐2, and increases PTEN expression. The addition of Andro to CDDP inhibited PI3K and AKT expression as well as triggered synergistic apoptosis, which could be associated with variations in Bax and Bcl‐2 protein levels. The results suggest that Andro in combination with CDDP exhibits synergistic anti‐tumor growth efficacy that targets multiple inflammatory markers, resulting in a promising treatment option for individuals with recurrent cancer due to drug resistance and advanced CC.
Biochar Addition Reduces the Effect of High Nitrogen on Soil–Microbial Stoichiometric Imbalance in Abandoned Grassland on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Liu Shuainan , Xie Mingjun , Lu Wende , Zhang Xinyue , Du Mengyin , Yao Yao , Yuan Jianyu , Li Guang
Published: January 2025

Progressively higher atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition increasingly affects soil ecosystems' elemental cycling and stability. Biochar (BC) amendment has emerged as a possible means of preserving soil system stability. Nevertheless, the pattern of soil–microbial nutrient cycling and system stability in response to BC after high N deposition in ecologically sensitive regions remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the effects of high N (9 g N·m−2·a−1), BC (0, 20, 40 t·ha−1), and combinations of the treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), microbial entropy (qMB), and stoichiometric imbalance (Cimb:Nimb:Pimb). We found that high N addition decreased topsoil (0–20 cm) TP, C:N, qMBN, and Cimb:Nimb values and increased TN, C:P, N:P, qMBP, Cimb:Pimb, and Nimb:Pimb values. However, BC addition increased 0–40 cm soil qMBC and Nimb:Pimb values and decreased qMBN, Cimb:Nimb, and Cimb:Pimb values. Meanwhile, high BC additions attenuated BC's promotion of soil–microbial nutrients. We observed that a mixture of high N and BC increased the 0–40 cm SOC and TP content, promoted the accumulation of MBN and MBP in the subsoil (20–40 cm), and decreased the topsoil Cimb:Pimb and Nimb:Pimb values compared to high N additions. The impact of high N and BC additions on N and P elements varied significantly between the different soil depths. In addition, redundancy analysis identified C:N, MBC, MBN, and C:P as pivotal factors affecting alterations in soil qMB and stoichiometric imbalance. Overall, adding BC reduced the negative impacts of high N deposition on the stability of soil–microbial systems in the Loess Plateau, suggesting a new approach for managing ecologically fragile areas.
Responses of Littorina spp. Intertidal Snails to Thermal Extremes Indicate Countergradient Variation in Fitness
Authors: Titmuss Ffion Dylan , Albecker Molly A. , Lotterhos Katie E.
Published: January 2025

Global change models predict not only a steady increase in temperatures but also an increase in the occurrence of hot and cold extremes. Organisms' responses to thermal extremes will depend on species‐specific traits and the degree of within‐species variation (among populations), with populations from warmer latitudes often predicted to have higher thermal tolerance than populations from colder latitudes. The evolution of population‐specific responses, however, can be limited by gene flow that homogenises populations. Here, we investigate this relationship with a study of the survival of Littorina littorea, L. obtusata, and L. saxatilis—marine snails with varying dispersal potential—collected on either side of a known biogeographic break. Snails were laboratory‐acclimated for several weeks before undergoing exposures to extreme heat, extreme cold, or ambient conditions, and individual mortality was recorded after each exposure. In line with common predictions, we observed that the degree of population divergence in survival under thermal extremes was negatively related to dispersal potential, and that populations from the colder latitude generally had higher survival of sub‐freezing temperatures. Contrary to common predictions, however, we observed greater survival after extreme heat in populations from colder latitudes than in their warmer‐latitude counterparts, a pattern known as countergradient variation. This experiment highlights counterintuitive responses to thermal extremes, emphasising that colder‐latitude populations could experience population growth under more extreme climates due to higher survival at both hot and sub‐freezing thermal extremes.
Exploring Vanadium Disulfide (VS2) Nanosheets as High‐Efficiency Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Nandana Anila Bhuvanendran , Rakhi Raghavan Baby
Published: January 2025

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerge as promising electrode materials for next‐generation electrochemical energy‐storage devices. In the present study, vanadium disulfide (VS2), an underexplored TMD, is investigated as an electrode material for supercapacitors. VS2 nanosheets are synthesized via a single‐step hydrothermal method at 220 °C for 24 h. Multiple characterization techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope, confirm the formation of phase‐pure VS2 nanosheets with a hexagonal structure. The specific surface area, measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, is 12 m2 g−1. A specific capacitance of 106 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 is demonstrated using symmetric supercapacitors fabricated using these VS2 nanosheets. Using this device, an energy density of 34 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 is achieved. Moreover, the supercapacitor maintains 94% capacitance retention after 9000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g−1, highlighting the potential of VS2 nanosheets as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
A conceptual meta‐level digital twin architecture for energy communities in Romania and other ex‐communist countries
Authors: Oprea Simona‐Vasilica , Bâra Adela
Published: January 2025

In contrast to the prevalent ecological motivations seen in European Energy Communities (ECs), in Romania, the driving forces behind EC initiatives are somewhat different. Approximately 60% of these initiatives are primarily focused on addressing energy poverty. The remaining 40% are primarily driven by a desire for energy autonomy. This article explores the intricate landscape of EC projects, focusing on their role in aligning with climate change necessities. We delve into the current state of the energy industry, identifying critical needs, gaps, and challenges that hinder their full potential. Furthermore, we propose potential research directions to bridge these gaps, emphasizing the development of a Meta‐level digital twin (DT) architecture. It aims to enhance decision‐making processes by simulating energy systems and their real‐time responses to various scenarios and regulatory changes. Then, we focus on cost‐effectiveness of installing PV systems in Romania and estimate the current technical potential for households (12.9 GW) and prosumers' PV installations in 2030 and 2050. To forecast the adoption of PV from 2025 to 2030 and 2050, the proposed model relies on several assumptions, such as annual decreases in CAPEX by 1%, in OPEX by 0.15%, increment in electricity prices by 0.1% per year, degradation rate of 0.1% per year for PV systems. The following projections are obtained for 2030 (3948 MW) and for 2050 (5265 MW), estimating that the growth rate from 2030 to 2050 will be 33%.
Effect of Thickness on Performance of Thermal Management System for a Prismatic Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Phase Change Material
Authors: Morali Uğur
Published: January 2025

Phase change material cooling method as a zero energy consumption cooling system has a good prospect in battery thermal management systems. Therefore, the thermal response of the lithium‐ion battery in the presence of a phase change material was explored in this study. The lithium‐ion battery was subjected to high discharge conditions (5 C‐rate) at high ambient temperatures (35°C and 40°C). The results showed that the usage of phase change materials with a thickness of 1 mm can reduce battery temperature and deliver a better temperature difference in a lithium‐ion battery. Results also revealed that for a 14.6 Ah lithium‐ion battery under a 5 C discharge rate, a phase change material cooling system with a thickness of 1 mm can reduce the maximum temperature from 51.64°C at 35°C and 55.85°C at 40°C ambient temperatures (without phase change material) to 43.04°C and 43.81°C, respectively. It was concluded that the phase change material system with a thickness of 1 mm can manage the maximum battery temperature and temperature difference in the desirable range at an extreme discharge rate of 5 C. The results obtained from this study can be used as guidance in the design of battery thermal management systems including phase change materials.
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Vilaplana‐Prieto Cristina
Published: January 2025

The hidden value of adult informal care (IC) refers to the unaccounted value of informal care in overall costs of long‐term care (LTC) estimates. This paper estimates the net value of adult IC in Europe, drawing on a well‐being‐based methodology. We use an instrumental variable strategy and a longitudinal and cross‐country dataset to estimate the causal effect of the extensive and intensive margin of caregiving on subjective well‐being. We estimate the so‐called compensating surplus (CS), namely the income equivalent transfer, to compensate for the net disutility of caregiving. We show that IC reduces average subjective well‐being by about 1% compared to the mean (6% among co‐residential caregivers). Relative to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the value of IC ranges between 4.2% in France and 0.85% in Germany. Such relative value declines as the country's share of formal LTC spending increases. These results call for a reconsideration of the existing classifications of LTC regimes. We estimate that the average CS per hour for IC is 9.55€, with a range from 22€ per hour in Switzerland to 5€ per hour in Spain. Additionally, we estimate that the long‐term CS (estimated using an individual’s permanent income) tends to be lower than short‐term CS (estimated using an individual’s current income).
Recent Progress in Visible Light‐Mediated Synthesis of γ‐lactams
Authors: Pradhan Suman , Das Shoubhik
Published: January 2025

The integration of sustainable practices, such as employing renewable light sources for synthesizing valuable synthetic scaffolds, has been progressing over the past few decades. Among these noteworthy organic frameworks, lactams, particularly γ‐lactams, have established their prominence due to their extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, and medicinal domains. This growing significance of γ‐lactams has spurred considerable interest in their synthesis, especially via milder, more sustainable, and environmentally friendly methods. In recent years, numerous innovative reaction mechanisms have been explored, highlighting how photocatalysis can enable the formation of γ‐lactams from readily accessible precursors through C−N bond formation and cyclization processes. This review emphasizes the potential of photocatalytic strategies to not only enhance current synthetic methods for γ‐lactams but also foster the development of greener and more sustainable chemical processes for the future.
Prenatal diagnosis and clinical pregnancy outcome of fetuses with conotruncal defects in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Li Min , Wu Yi , Chen Yiyao , Wang Hui , Cheng Weiwei , Ye Baoying
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore genetic etiologies of conotruncal defects (CTDs) in fetuses by analyzing the results of different genetic tests and to assess pregnancy outcomes of fetuses with CTD in a Chinese prenatal cohort.

Methods

A total of 146 fetuses that underwent invasive prenatal genetic testing for CTD at the prenatal diagnosis center of the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

All of them underwent chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotype analysis, but only 27 underwent whole‐exome sequencing (WES). The results of these different genetic testing methods were collected and compared. Data on pregnancy outcomes and neonate prognosis were obtained from the electronic medical records and postpartum telephone follow‐up.

Results

Among the 146 fetuses with CTD, the chromosome abnormality rate was 22.6% (33/146), and the detection rate of abnormal chromosomes in CMA and karyotype was 15.8% (23/146). Among the 27 pregnant women who accepted WES, five had pathogenic variants. The detection rate of abnormal chromosomes by CMA was higher in infants with an interrupted aortic arch (IAA) than in the other infant groups (60.0%, χ2 = 11.661, P = 0.045, c2‐test or Fisher's exact test).

Conclusion

Congenital heart disease is a complex congenital heart disease with an etiology closely related to genetic abnormalities. Therefore, invasive genetic testing and CMA are recommended as first‐line tests for all fetuses with CTD detected by prenatal ultrasound, especially IAA. WES should be recommended when necessary.
The Effect of Anti‐Activin Receptor Type IIA and Type IIB Antibody on Muscle, Bone and Blood in Healthy and Osteosarcopenic Mice
Authors: Bromer Frederik Duch , Lodberg Andreas , Eijken Marco , Andersen Christian Brix Folsted , Poulsen Mathias Flensted , Thomsen Jesper Skovhus , Brüel Annemarie
Published: January 2025

Background

Anti‐Activin Receptor Type IIA and Type IIB antibody (αActRIIA/IIB ab) is a recently developed drug class that targets the activin receptor signalling pathway. Inhibition of receptor ligands (activins, myostatin, growth differentiation factor 11, etc.) can lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy, bone formation, and increased haematopoiesis. Despite the αActRIIA/IIB ab, bimagrumab, having progressed to clinical trials, two crucial questions about αActRIIA/IIB ab therapy remain: Does αActRIIA/IIB ab influence bone metabolism and bone strength similarly to its generic classmates (activin receptor‐based ligand traps)? Does αActRIIA/IIB ab affect red blood cell parameters, thereby increasing the risk of thromboembolism, similar to its generic classmates? Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of αActRIIA/IIB ab in a mouse model of concurrent sarcopenia and osteopenia and to investigate the effect on bone and haematopoiesis in more detail.

Methods

In C57BL/6JRj mice, combined sarcopenia and osteopenia were induced locally by injecting botulinum toxin A into the right hindlimb, resulting in acute muscle paresis. Immediately after immobilization, mice received twice‐weekly intraperitoneal injections with αActRIIA/IIB ab (10 mg/kg) for 21 days, after which they were sacrificed. Muscle mass, skeletal muscle fibre size and Smad2 expression were analysed in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles. Bone mass and bone microstructure were analysed in the trabecular bone at the distal femoral metaphysis, while the cortical bone was analysed at the femoral mid‐diaphysis. In a substudy, the effect on haematopoiesis was explored 2 and 7 days after a single αActRIIA/IIB ab (30 mg/kg) injection in C57BL/6JRj mice.

Results

αActRIIA/IIB ab caused a large increase in muscle mass in both healthy (+21%) and immobilized (sarcopenic and osteopenic) (+12%) mice. Furthermore, αActRIIA/IIB ab increased trabecular bone (bone volume fraction) for both healthy (+65%) and immobilized (+44%) mice. For cortical bone, αActRIIA/IIB ab caused a small, but significant, increase in bone area (+6%) for immobilized mice, but not for healthy mice. Treatment with αActRIIA/IIB ab did not change red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration or mean cell volume after either 2 or 7 days.

Conclusions

Treatment with αActRIIA/IIB ab caused a significant increase in both skeletal muscle mass and bone parameters in both healthy and immobilized mice, suggesting a potential in the treatment of concurrent osteopenia and sarcopenia. Interestingly, the bone anabolic effect of the treatment was much more pronounced on trabecular bone than on cortical bone. There was no pronounced effect of short‐term treatment on haematopoiesis.
Morphological Criteria for Staging Near‐Hatching Embryos of the Domesticated Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides)
Authors: Arnaout Bassel , Brzezinski Kaylen , Steventon Benjamin , Field Daniel J.
Published: January 2025

Studying avian embryology necessitates reliable and precise staging tables—descriptions of embryonic features appearing during development that are used to approximate the extent of embryonic development from fertilisation to hatching. Staging tables for waterfowl (Anseriformes) have previously been established based on morphological features from fertilisation to approximately 10 days before hatching. Embryonic changes over the final 10 days of pre‐hatching development have also been documented and proposed as useful staging criteria. However, the reliability of these changes—which focus on the size of the bill and middle toes—as useful staging criteria across different waterfowl breeds has not been fully examined. To evaluate the reliability of these criteria for staging near‐hatching embryos, we examined 27 embryos of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides). Comparisons with previously published data revealed that size variation within the same developmental stage across breeds is equivalent to within‐breed variation across different stages, suggesting limited reliability of bill and middle toe size for staging waterfowl embryos. Consequently, we devised novel staging criteria for waterfowl based on four easily measurable morphological traits and show that these criteria allow correct stage identification with over 70% accuracy. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying staging accuracy for improving the reliability of embryonic staging tables.
Influence of sodium benzoate on key colloid properties of sodium lauryl ether sulfate: Identification of a possible interfacial structure decoupler
Authors: Mata‐Zabala Ericson , Rattia Bravo Luz Margarita , Patiño‐Agudelo Álvaro Javier , Santos Silva Lucas , Barrios Nelson , Pereira Juan
Published: January 2025

Surfactant–oil–water (SOW) systems, particularly when packaged in metal containers, require chemical reagents with preservative and anticorrosive properties. This study aims to investigate the influence of sodium benzoate (NaBz) on fundamental interfacial properties of the surfactant lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) with two ethoxylation units (EO = 2). Using a combination of surface tension, electrical conductivity, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements, we evaluated SLES systems in the presence of NaCl, NaBz, and various mixtures of these salts using salinity scans, at room temperature. NaBz inhibits the formation of triphasic system in SOW formulation. The thermodynamic stability of SLES micelles followed the order: with entropy being the primary driving force. The results suggest that NaBz acts as a potential interfacial structure decoupler. This novel behavior of NaBz may have important implications for its use in SOW systems, particularly in formulations requiring stability and integrity in aggregation state.
Predictors of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Campbell Brett , Kacin Alexa J. , Morey JoAnn , Risley Courtney Loper , Ashoor Isa F. , Ferguson Michael , Rodig Nancy , Somers Michael , Kim Hae‐Young , Shearer A. Eliot
Published: January 2025

Objective

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a complication of pediatric solid organ transplantation. Benign adenotonsillar lymphoid hyperplasia confounds the ability to diagnose PTLD. Our aim was to identify factors that predict the presence of PTLD to inform decision‐making regarding adenotonsillectomy.

Methods

The electronic medical records at a quaternary children's hospital were queried over a 23‐year period (2000–2023) for solid organ transplant patients that underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Demographics, clinical presentation, and EBV serologies were analyzed to determine factors associated with presence of PTLD on final pathology.

Results

A total of 114 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Thirty‐two of the 114 patients (28.1%) who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy had PTLD. Age at transplant, age at biopsy, sex, race, and type of organ transplanted were not found to be associated with development of PTLD. Patients with PTLD were more likely to have smaller tonsils, sore throat, fever, and tonsillar exudate; they were less likely to experience sleep disordered breathing. The immunosuppression agent used for induction and the number of maintenance immunosuppressive medications were not associated with the development of PTLD. Increased Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) PCR copy number correlated to increased risk of developing PTLD (p < 0.003).

Conclusion

Tonsillar hypertrophy and sleep disordered breathing are not necessarily indicative of the presence of PTLD. Suspicion for adenotonsillar PTLD should be based on symptomatology, clinical exam, EBV serologies, and degree of EBV PCR positivity. Sore throat, fever, tonsillar exudates, and significant elevation in EBV PCR copy number are particularly concerning for PTLD.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Study on the Characteristics of Soil Depletion and Degradation in the Coal Fire Area of the Southern Junggar Coalfield, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Shen Li , Zeng Qiang
Published: January 2025

Coal mining can lead to coal spontaneous combustion, especially in arid and semi‐arid areas, and soil can suffer varying degrees of depletion and degradation, which can be harmful to the regional eco‐environment. However, the characteristics of soil depletion and degradation are not yet clear in the coal fire areas, and there are fewer soil quality assessments. In this study, we studied the characteristics of soil ions, nutrient and their stoichiometric ratios at different sampling points and different thermal effects. The principal component analysis and membership function were used to calculate the soil quality index (SQI) to comprehensively evaluate the impact of different thermal effects on soil quality (SQ). The results showed that soil cations were dominated by Na+ and anions by Cl− and SO42−, and the higher the temperature, the higher the concentration of SO42−. The concentrations of Na+ and Cl− tended to increase with increasing temperature, while the opposite was true for K+ and SO42−. Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased with increasing temperature, Total nitrogen (N) content was lower when heated at 40°C 5 d, and the N:P ratio was 8.99. The degree of soil degradation at this time was only lower than that at 70°C for 10 and 20 d, which indicated that the SQ was initially affected by the temperature. The analysis using principal component analysis and membership function showed that the Sikeshu (SKS) fire area (SQI = 0.183) was lower than the Wugong (WG) fire area (SQI = 0.281). In the homemade heating experiment, the SQI of the soil affected by thermal effects was lower than that of the raw soil. The SQIs were consistent at 40°C 20 d and 70°C 10 d, indicating that the effect of low temperature for a long time and high temperature for a short time on SQ can be equivalent. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for SQ improvement and ecological restoration in coal fire areas.
Attachment Style Predicts Emotion Regulation, Help‐Seeking, and Recovery in Psychosis
Authors: Tiller Jacqui , Maguire Tess , Newman‐Taylor Katherine
Published: January 2025

Untreated psychosis can have a devastating impact on individuals and their families. Recommended therapies are underutilised. Attachment theory provides a framework to understand intra‐ and interpersonal responses to threat cues, such as voices and paranoia, which affect recovery. This is the first study to test a coherent set of theory‐driven predictions about the impact of attachment style on people's ability to manage distress associated with psychosis, and seek help effectively. We used a cross‐sectional design to examine the impact of attachment style on emotional regulation, help‐seeking intentions, service engagement, and clinical and recovery outcomes in people with psychosis. We recruited a total of 65 participants with psychosis from community and NHS pathways. Participants completed standardized measures of predictor and dependent variables at one‐time point. Regression analyses showed that insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) predicted more use of unhelpful emotional regulation strategies, less help‐seeking, and poorer clinical and recovery outcomes, with medium to large effects (p < 0.05). We found no effects for service engagement. Attachment style predicts intra‐ and interpersonal responses to threat in psychosis, and may partially account for the considerable variation in engagement with recommended therapies, and longer‐term outcomes. Routine assessment of attachment at initial service contact would identify people likely to struggle to seek and accept therapeutic interventions, who may in turn benefit from attachment‐congruent engagement efforts.
A Novel Dual‐Beam mmWave Filter‐Antenna With Wide Azimuth Beam for 5G Communication Systems
Authors: Mallat Nazih Khaddaj , Jafarieh Alireza , Nouri Mahdi , Fardinfar Farshideh , Behroozi Hamid
Published: January 2025

In this article, a novel mmWave antenna is proposed. This antenna has a dual beam pattern and a high gain. The proposed antenna is fed through a microstrip feed line. The feed line consists of a microstrip filter that omits out‐of‐band signals. The total measured gain of the proposed antenna is 6 dBi. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth. The total bandwidth of the antenna is 4.7 GHz which covers several 5G bands. The half‐power beam width of the proposed antenna is more than in both E and H‐planes. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a Rogers/RT duroid 5880 substrate. The total dimensions of the proposed antenna are . Where, is the wavelength of 28 GHz frequency. Measurements and simulation results are reported in this article.