bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A pan-cancer analysis on the carcinogenic effect of human adenomatous polyposis coli
Authors: Zhang Yinci , Liu Xinkuang , Li Amin , Tang Xiaolong
Published: March 2022

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is the most commonly mutated gene in colon cancer and can cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Hypermethylation of the APC promoter can also promote the development of breast cancer, indicating that APC is not limited to association with colorectal neoplasms. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted. We studied the location and structure of APC and the expression and potential role of APC in a variety of tumors by using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and online bioinformatics analysis tools. The APC is located at 5q22.2, and its protein structure is conserved among H. sapiens, M. musculus with C. elaphus hippelaphus. The APC identity similarity between homo sapiens and mus musculus reaches 90.1%. Moreover, APC is highly specifically expressed in brain tissues and bipolar cells but has low expression in most cancers. APC is mainly expressed on the cell membrane and is not detected in plasma by mass spectrometry. APC is low expressed in most tumor tissues, and there is a significant correlation between the expressed level of APC and the main pathological stages as well as the survival and prognosis of tumor patients. In most tumors, APC gene has mutation and methylation and an enhanced phosphorylation level of some phosphorylation sites, such as T1438 and S2260. The expressed level of APC is also involved in the level of CD8+ T-cell infiltration, Tregs infiltration, and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. We conducted a gene correlation study, but the findings seemed to contradict the previous analysis results of the low expression of the APC gene in most cancers. Our research provides a comparative wholesale understanding of the carcinogenic effects of APC in various cancers, which will help anti-cancer research.
Human state anxiety classification framework using EEG signals in response to exposure therapy
Authors: Muhammad Farah , Al-Ahmadi Saad
Published: March 2022

Human anxiety is a grave mental health concern that needs to be addressed in the appropriate manner in order to develop a healthy society. In this study, an objective human anxiety assessment framework is developed by using physiological signals of electroencephalography (EEG) and recorded in response to exposure therapy. The EEG signals of twenty-three subjects from an existing database called “A Database for Anxious States which is based on a Psychological Stimulation (DASPS)” are used for anxiety quantification into two and four levels. The EEG signals are pre-processed using appropriate noise filtering techniques to remove unwanted ocular and muscular artifacts. Channel selection is performed to select the significantly different electrodes using statistical analysis techniques for binary and four-level classification of human anxiety, respectively. Features are extracted from the data of selected EEG channels in the frequency domain. Frequency band selection is applied to select the appropriate combination of EEG frequency bands, which in this study are theta and beta bands. Feature selection is applied to the features of the selected EEG frequency bands. Finally, the selected subset of features from the appropriate frequency bands of the statistically significant EEG channels were classified using multiple machine learning algorithms. An accuracy of 94.90% and 92.74% is attained for two and four-level anxiety classification using a random forest classifier with 9 and 10 features, respectively. The proposed state anxiety classification framework outperforms the existing anxiety detection framework in terms of accuracy with a smaller number of features which reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm.
Priming attachment security and outgroup humanization: The mediation role of intergroup emotions
Authors: Capozza Dora , Falvo Rossella , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio
Published: March 2022

Individuals tend to dehumanize the outgroup. In this paper, we explore whether the activation of attachment security can attenuate dehumanization. Two studies were performed. In Study 1, attachment security was primed by showing pictures that depicted relationships with attachment figures; the outgroup was the homeless and humanization was measured considering the attribution of uniquely human and non-uniquely human emotions to this group. In Study 2, the sense of interpersonal security was activated by inviting participants to relive a recent interaction that left them with a feeling of safety and warmth. Outgroup members were the Roma, and humanization was measured considering the attribution of uniquely human and human nature traits to them. In Study 2, the mediation effect of intergroup emotions was investigated. In both studies, outgroup humanization effects were highlighted. In Study 2, these effects were mediated by increased empathy toward the outgroup. Interestingly, the positive impact of security activation was not moderated by chronic attachment orientations. Findings suggest strategies that can be used to improve intergroup relations in specific contexts and in society at large.
Amenity counts significantly improve water consumption predictions
Authors: Dailisan Damian , Liponhay Marissa , Alis Christian , Monterola Christopher
Published: March 2022

Anticipating the increase in water demand in an urban area requires us to properly understand daily human movement driven by population size, land use, and amenity types among others. Mobility data from phones can capture human movement, but not only is this hard to obtain, but it also does not tell where the population is going. Previous studies have shown that amenity types can be used to predict people’s movement patterns; thus, we propose using crowd-sourced amenity data and other open data sources as reasonable proxies for human mobility. Here we present a framework for predicting water consumption in areas with established service water connections and generalize it to underserved areas. Our work used features such as geography, population, and domestic consumption ratio and compared the prediction performance of various machine learning algorithms. We used 44 months of monthly water consumption data from January 2018 to July 2021, aggregated across 1790 district metering areas (DMAs) in the east service zone of Metro Manila. Results show that amenity counts reduce the mean absolute error (MAE) of predictions by 1,440 m3/month or as much as 5.73% compared to just using population and topology features. Predicted consumption during the pandemic also improved by as much as 1,447 m3/month or nearly 16% compared to just using population and topology features. We find that Gradient Boosting Trees are the best models to handle the data and feature set used in this work. Finally, the developed model is robust to disruptions in human mobility, such as lockdowns, indicating that amenities are sufficient to predict water consumption.
Why does it take so long for rare disease patients to get an accurate diagnosis?—A qualitative investigation of patient experiences of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Isono Moeko , Kokado Minori , Kato Kazuto
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Many patients with rare diseases experience a diagnostic delay. Although several quantitative studies have been reported, few studies have used a qualitative approach to directly examine how patients with rare disease obtain a diagnosis and why it takes many years. In this study, we focused on hereditary angioedema (HAE), which has been reported to have long diagnostic delays, despite the knowledge that not having an accurate diagnosis can cause life-threatening problems.

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze patients’ experiences and elucidate why it takes a long time to reach a diagnosis of HAE. We also aimed to propose possible solutions for the problem.

Methods

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted. Nine patients who took over 5 years from the presentation of initial symptoms to an HAE diagnosis participated. The contents of the interviews were subjected to an inductive contents analysis.

Results

By analyzing the patients’ struggles that were experienced during the undiagnosed period, three themes were generated: (1) acceptance and resignation towards their conditions, (2) proactive search for a cause, and (3) independent efforts outside of the hospital. While a few patients continued to seek out a diagnosis during the undiagnosed period, many had become accustomed to their health condition without suspecting a rare disease.

Conclusions

We found that one of the most important factors related to the prolonged undiagnosed period is the lack of suspicion of a rare disease by patients and their medical professionals. While current policies tend to focus on the period from suspecting rare diseases to the time of a clear diagnosis, our results strongly suggest that measures are needed to facilitate patients and clinicians to become aware of rare diseases.
Mechanism of Borrelia immune evasion by FhbA-related proteins
Authors: Kogan Konstantin , Haapasalo Karita , Kotila Tommi , Moore Robin , Lappalainen Pekka , Goldman Adrian , Meri Taru
Published: March 2022

Immune evasion facilitates survival ofBorrelia, leading to infections like relapsing fever and Lyme disease. Important mechanism for complement evasion is acquisition of the main host complement inhibitor, factor H (FH). By determining the 2.2 Å crystal structure of Factor H binding protein A (FhbA) fromBorrelia hermsiiin complex with FH domains 19–20, combined with extensive mutagenesis, we identified the structural mechanism by whichB.hermsiiutilizes FhbA in immune evasion. Moreover, structure-guided sequence database analysis identified a new family of FhbA-related immune evasion molecules from Lyme disease and relapsing feverBorrelia. Conserved FH-binding mechanism within the FhbA-family was verified by analysis of a novel FH-binding protein fromB.duttonii. By sequence analysis, we were able to group FH-binding proteins ofBorreliainto four distinct phyletic types and identified novel putative FH-binding proteins. The conserved FH-binding mechanism of the FhbA-related proteins could aid in developing new approaches to inhibit virulence and complement resistance inBorrelia.
The colonic pathogen Entamoeba histolytica activates caspase-4/1 that cleaves the pore-forming protein gasdermin D to regulate IL-1β secretion
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Moreau France , Chadee Kris
Published: March 2022

A hallmark ofEntamoeba histolytica(Eh) invasion in the gut is acute inflammation dominated by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. This is initiated whenEhin contact with macrophages in the lamina propria activates caspase-1 by recruiting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in a Gal-lectin andEhCP-A5-dependent manner resulting in the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Here, we interrogated the requirements and mechanisms forEh-induced caspase-4/1 activation in the cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) to regulate bioactive IL-1β release in the absence of cell death in human macrophages. Unlike caspase-1, caspase-4 activation occurred as early as 10 min that was dependent onEhGal-lectin andEhCP-A5 binding to macrophages. By utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 gene editedCASP4/1,NLRP3 KOand ASC-def cells, caspase-4 activation was found to be independent of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes. In CRISPR-Cas9 gene editedCASP1macrophages, caspase-4 activation was significantly up regulated that enhanced the enzymatic cleavage of GSDMD at the same cleavage site as caspase-1 to induce GSDMD pore formation and sustained bioactive IL-1β secretion.Eh-induced IL-1β secretion was independent of pyroptosis as revealed by pharmacological blockade of GSDMD pore formation and in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editedGSDMD KOmacrophages. This was in marked contrast to the potent positive control, lipopolysaccharide + Nigericin that induced high expression of predominantly caspase-1 that efficiently cleaved GSDMD with high IL-1β secretion/release associated with massive cell pyroptosis. These results reveal thatEhtriggered “hyperactivated macrophages” allowed caspase-4 dependent cleavage of GSDMD and IL-1β secretion to occur in the absence of pyroptosis that may play an important role in disease pathogenesis.
The work hurts
Authors: O’Connor Alison
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to explore the emotional impact on arts practitioners of working in health, social care and participatory settings and how supervision, or lack of, affects artists’ well-being. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was chosen to explore the lived experiences of artists working in this field. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five artists working across the arts and health spectrum, in a range of settings including children’s hospitals, hospices, prisons, older adults and rehabilitation wards. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using IPA. Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis: this work as a calling; the psychological impact of the work; managing the impact through supervision and support; sustaining the professional and the personal self.
El tratamiento de la fraseología española en China. Un acercamiento a Español Moderno
Authors: Wen Hui , Mei Sha , Gao Meng
Published: March 2022

Como una subdisciplina de la lexicología, la importancia de la fraseología es generalmente reconocida, sobre todo para los estudiantes de lenguas extranjeras. Los recursos fraseológicos forman parte relevante no solo del ámbito lingüístico, sino también de la riqueza cultural de una nación. Para los aprendientes, un buen dominio de las unidades fraseológicas significa un nivel más avanzado de la lengua y un conocimiento más cercano a la cultura. Por lo tanto, en el presente trabajo, basándose en los logros precedentes del campo fraseológico, se han sumado los diferentes tipos de este concepto de manera detallada y completa y luego se ha hecho un breve recorrido por los estudios realizados sobre este fenómeno lingüístico en China, a través de los cuales hemos notado que la mayoría de las investigaciones relacionadas consisten en la comparación lingüística entre español y chino mientras que la fraseodidáctica carece mucho de atención, puesto que solo se pueden encontrar escasos estudios relacionados con la enseñanza de la fraseología en China. De este modo tratamos de analizar de manera detenida Español moderno, la colección de manuales más utilizada en China, con el objetivo de hacer una revisión minuciosa del tratamiento de las colocaciones, locuciones y enunciados fraseológicos. Descubrimos que en dicho manual no se percibe un criterio unificado y determinado a la hora de catalogar las unidades fraseológicas, lo cual iría en detrimento de la comprensión y aplicación de las unidades fraseológicas para los aprendices chinos. Además, en los diccionarios bilingües publicados sobre las unidades fraseológicas de español y chino, apenas se encuentra una explicación explícita de la definición y la clasificación de esta disciplina tanto en la parte introductoria como en el cuerpo. Por consiguiente, esperamos que los resultados logrados en este trabajo puedan ser de gran ayuda tanto para la mejora de esta serie como para la enseñanza de la fraseología para sinohablantes.
Anti-reflux surgical treatment for Barrett’s oesophagus
Authors: Shevchenko B. F. , Prolom N. V. , Babii O. M. , Tarabarov S. O. , Zeleniuk O. V.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study. To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment for patients with hiatal hernia (HH) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in combination with Barrett’s esophagus by developing a new method for surgical correction of the physiological cardia incompetence.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Digestive Surgery of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in 2020–2021 and involved 56 patients with HH and GERD, among them axial HH was detected in 42 patients (75.0 %) – type I; paraesophageal HH – in 6 patients (10.7 %) – type II; mixed HH – in 8 patients (14.3 %) – type III (code ICD-10 – K44). The diagnosis was established using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (by high-resolution NBI mode), X-ray and histological examinations, manometry.
Results. When the diagnosis of HH in combination with Barrett’s esophagus was confirmed, a two-stage treatment was performed. During the first stage, argonoplasmic coagulation of the altered esophageal mucosa was done. Anti-reflux procedures constituted the second stage to remove HH and restore an excessive dilatation of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm by cruroraphy with correction of anti-reflux function of the cardia by fundoplication, angle of His reconstruction and providing free food passage. 11 (19.6 %) patients underwent surgery according to a new technique that provided reliable recovery of cardia physiological functions and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction and included cruroraphy and fundoplication.
Conclusions. Thus, the proposed two-stage method of surgical treatment for patients with HH and GERD in combination with Barrett’s esophagus is highly effective. The application of the proposed method provides the elimination of pathological changes which are visible on conventional endoscopy in the esophageal mucosa, reliable restoration of cardia physiology and preservation of the anatomical relation between the diaphragm and the esophageal-gastric junction. In the post-surgical period, the proposed method of surgical treatment reduces the likelihood of recurrent failure of cardia physiological functions, dysphagia and Barrett’s esophagus.
Practical application of the International classification of functioning during medical and social expertise of a child with cerebral palsy
Authors: Nazar O. V. , Hdyria O. V. , Moiseienko R. O. , Martyniuk V. Yu. , Vladymyrov O. A.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the work is to assess the degree of dysfunction and limitation in daily life activities in a child with cerebral palsy, to provide an expert opinion for medical and social expertise by Medical Supervisory Committee (MSC) in accordance with the principles of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Materials and methods. A clinical example of measuring the degree of disability of the cerebral palsy child in accordance with the ICF principles using standardized tools for functional status assessment and the ICF Categorical Profile. International standardized scales recommended by the international expert group to be applied for cerebral palsy children were used at the State Institution “Ukrainian Medical Center for Rehabilitation of Children with Organic Nervous System Disorders of Ministry of Health”.
Results. During a comprehensive examination of the child with cerebral palsy, a multidisciplinary team of specialists determined the degree of body dysfunction and limitation in daily life activities as well as environmental effect influence on the level of functioning and social adjustment. Based on these findings, ICF Categorical Profile of the patient was formed capturing all spheres of his activity according to the functional state. Parents of the child received the medical conclusion based on the results of the examination for MSC expertise at the place of residence.
Conclusions. The IСF covers the whole complex of life activity and functioning of CP children and reflects all the changes associated with their growth, development and state of health, as distinct from the classical clinical examination of patients. Standardized tools for the assessment of the degree of dysfunction and life activity limitations in CP children allow to avoid controversies between specialists from different medical institutions during medical and social assessment and when making a rehabilitation diagnosis. Members of multidisciplinary rehabilitation team can timely identify and correct dysfunctions, provide early career guidance based on child functional capacity by using the IСF principles to assess life activity in CP children.
Assessment of the quality of life indicators in patients with urate nephrolithiasis comorbid with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bilai S. I.
Published: March 2022

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the most common urological diseases; however, until recently, there was no specific tools for the study of the influence of urate nephrolithiasis (UN) on the patients’ quality of life. The use of WISQOL quality of life questionnaire enabled quantitative evaluation of the subjective notion and enhanced the insight on the condition of a patient with UN in general, for measuring the broad scope of functions of health perception.
The aim of the research is to study quality of life indicators in patients with UN comorbid with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and methods. The study included 65 patients with UN and UN comorbid with MS. In the control group, there were 21 patients with UN who received traditional therapy. The comparison group comprised 21 patients with UN comorbid with MS, who received both traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic disorders. The main group consisted of 23 patients with UN comorbid with MS, who took quertin against the background of the traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic disorders. To assess the quality of life, the WISQOL questionnaire was used, which included 4 domains: social impact (SI), emotional impact (EI), health impact (HI) and impact on life activity (ILA). The patients’ condition was assessed before treatment and after 1.5–6.0 months.
Results. After the treatment, main group patients demonstrated an increase of EI indicator; comparison group patients demonstrated an increase in EI, ILA, and HI indicators. The efficacy of quertin was confirmed by an increase in ILA, SI, and HI indicators.
Conclusions. The levels of SI and HI were decreasing before treatment in patients with UN comorbid with MS from the comparison and the main groups. The use of quertin against the background of the traditional therapy and drugs that correct metabolic processes, significantly increased EI and ILA levels.
Detection of atomoxetine and its metabolites in the urine by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Karpushyna S. A. , Baiurka S. V. , Tomarovska T. O.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was the detection of atomoxetine and its biotransformation products in the urine under TLC screening conditions and identification of the metabolites using mass spectrometry method.
Materials and methods. The volunteer’s urine samples after taking a single therapeutic dose of atomoxetine (2 capsules of 60 mg each of Strattera®) were studied. Sample preparation included diluting acid hydrolysis followed by the native compound and metabolites extraction with chloroform from the saturated solution of ammonium sulfate at pH of 11–12. Thin-layer chromatography studies of the extracts were carried out in 18 mobile phases including those proposed by The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists for general drug screening, and those widely used in forensic toxicological studies. The color reactions were carried out using a range of chromogenic reagents. A Varian 1200 L mass spectrometer (Netherlands) equipped with a dual quadrupole mass analyzer was applied for analysis of the eluates from chromatograms. Identification was undertaken at the direct introduction of the sample into the ion chamber, electron-impact ionization (70 eV), and full ion scanning mode.
Results. The spot of the native drug on the chromatogram was identified by the Rf, value. Two atomoxetine biotransformation products were identified by the molecular weights that correspond to the molecular ion peaks in the mass spectra.
Conclusions. Atomoxetine and its biotransformation products were detected in the urine under TLC screening conditions and identified using mass spectrometry method. Chromatographic mobility of the native compound, hydroxyatomoxetine, and dihydroxyatomoxetine in the TLC screening systems as well as the results of their visualization using chromogenic reagents applied for toxicological drug screening in the systematic toxicological analysis have been determined.
Analysis of biological properties of 1,2,4-triazole-containing compounds (literature review)
Authors: Khilkovets A. V. , Parchenko V. V.
Published: March 2022

In the latest conditions of development and formation of the pharmaceutical industry, the introduction of new synthetic medicines requires continuous monitoring of the quality and safety of their use. For many years, synthetic drugs have remained an essential tool in the prevention and control of diseases of various etiologies. Among the synthetic class of substances, first of all, those that are low-toxic, safe, and effective deserve attention. In recent decades scientific publications prove the prospects of searching for new biologically active compounds among derivatives of 1,2,4-triazoles with fragments of various heterocyclic systems. Scientists claim that the combination of several structural fragments of heterocycles in one molecule leads to the emergence of new types of biological action, and sometimes to an increase in known pharmacological effects. At the same time, the synthesized compounds belong to the class of low-toxic or practically non-toxic substances.
The aim of our work is to analyze foreign and native sources on the biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives.
Conclusions. Among these derivatives, molecules that exhibit broad antifungal and antimicrobial activity, antitubercular, antiviral, actoprotective, antihypoxic, analgesic effects, etc. were found. After analyzing the known data, a number of «structure-action» regularities were established. The obtained results will be useful for further research work of scientists.
Investigation of the effects of machining parameters on surface integrity in micromachining
Authors: Etyemez Ayhan , Aydin Umut
Published: March 2022

In this study, the effect of cutting conditions on surface integrity was investigated in micromilling of magnesium alloy (AZ91). Microtool diameter, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut parameters are used. These variables were investigated at three different levels with the Taguchi L9 experimental design method. The least-best objective function was used. As a result of the experiments, surface roughness values were obtained. It has been determined that surface roughness values and depth of cut are effective parameters. After evaluating the results obtained, variance and regression analyses were performed. Based on the analysis of variance, 58.73% feed rate was found for the 1.0 mm diameter tool, on the other hand, for the 0.8 mm diameter tool, the depth of cut was found to be an effective parameter with 53.6%.
Enforcement of Fines and Other Pecuniary Obligations Imposed by the ECB (Part I): European Level
Authors: Hayden Helene
Published: March 2022

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement of fines and pecuniary obligations imposed by the ECB within the Eurosystem and the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) under Art. 299 TFEU – an issue which has, to date, been treated only rudimentarily in literature/judicature. The focus in Part I lies on five categories of monetary obligations that the ECB may levy. Against the background of these case groups, the European law requirements that exist for enforcement will be shown. Part II will show how these requirements are fulfilled in euro and non-euro Member States (MSs). The latter will be based on a comparative analysis of the respective data collected in 2020 via a questionnaire survey in 21 MSs. The relevance of the findings are, however, not limited to the ECB. Legal acts of the Council and the EC

However, not the EP, see ECJ, 6 July 2017, Gollnisch v Parliament, C-189/17 P(R), ECLI:EU:C:2017:528, para 46; Matthias Ruffert, in: Christian Callies/Matthias Ruffert (eds.), EUV/AEUV, Das Verfassungsrecht der Europäischen Union mit Europäischer Grundrechtecharta, 5th edn., 2016, art. 299 mn. 1; differing Maria Geismann, in: Hans von der Groeben/Jürgen Schwarze/Armin Hatje (eds.), Europäisches Unionsrecht, 7th edn., 2015, art. 299 mn. 2; Martin Gellermann, in: Rudolf Streinz (ed.), EUV/AEUV, Vertrag über die Europäische Union, Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, 3rd edn. 2018, art. 299 mn. 4.

, as well as judgments of the CJEU (Art. 280 TFEU), are enforced under the same regime; Art. 82 of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court (UPCA)

Council Agreement on a Unified Patent Court [2013] OJ C175/1, not yet in force; see also Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community [2012] OJ C327/1, art. 164 which is almost identical to TFEU, art. 299.

is modelled on Art. 299 TFEU.
Round robin tests of secondary raw materials: A systematic review of performance parameters
Authors: Korf Nathalie , Mählitz Paul Martin , Rotter Vera Susanne
Published: March 2022

An improved management of secondary raw materials (SRM) is a crucial contribution for a circular economy and necessitates knowledge about the composition of wastes and SRM. However, this information is scarce and has to be determined with chemical analysis (CA). CA of SRM faces challenges, which can be approached by using round robin tests (RRT) to identify deviations from the “true value” of an element/molecule content. An RRT is a testing approach, which involves multiple labs to analyze one or more samples and evaluates the lab results with regard to the goal of the RRT. This article presents a systematic literature review and investigates which purposes and which performance parameters (PP) are commonly applied in RRT of SRM. The examined literature shows that the two main purposes applied are assessment of method performance and assessment of lab performance. PP can be categorized into trueness performance parameters (TPP; assessing the deviation of a value from a reference value) and precision performance parameters (PPP; describing the variability of a data set). The main TPP identified arezscore and relative deviation, the main PPP identified are standard deviation and relative standard deviation. These results offer the conclusions that RRT can be used as a bespoke method to deal with analytical effects and that the selection of PP for an RRT could be based on simplicity.
THE “ARABESQUES” CYCLE BY N. V. GOGOL: UNITY OF COMPOSITION AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Vinogradov Igor
Published: March 2022

The unity of the problematics and the author’s principles of composition of the collection of N. V. Gogol “Arabesques” (1835) are investigated. The unobvious unity and integrity of the writer’s poetic encyclopedia — “Arabesque” — become apparent through the coverage of the cross-cutting themes and motives of the cycle, the numerous interconnections and overlaps between the articles, essays and stories included in the collection. It is established that the organizing beginning of the cycle is the writer’s reflections of a religious and political nature. From the point of view of this main component, all eighteen works of the collection are analyzed in detail. For the first time, the influence of spiritual literature — the lives of saints, patristic works, the significance of the articles of “Philokalia” — a well-known collection of works on the prayer-contemplative experience of monastic life — is highlighted in the early works of Gogol. The spiritual aspect of the writer’s reflections on history, arts, folk art, world literature, poetry of A. S. Pushkin is noted. Gogol’s polemic with the positions of one of the founders of German romanticism, V. G. Wackenroder, is touched upon. The problems posed in the collection of the opposition of old age and youth, “sensual” life and the poetry of spirituality are analyzed, the image of the “fragmentation” of life as a distinctive feature of modernity is traced. The organic correlation of “Arabesques” with the previous and subsequent works of the writer is revealed — with the youthful poem “Ganz Kuchelgarten,” with the cycle “Mirgorod,” with “Dead Souls,” “Theatrical tour after the presentation of a new comedy,” “Selected passages from correspondence with friends” and etc. The author emphasizes the consistency of the writer’s creative path and the integral spiritual and moral character of his legacy.
A new method for the characterization of clusters
Authors: Skliar Osvaldo , Oviedo Guillermo , Monge Ricardo E.
Published: March 2022

This new method for characterizing clusters is based on the simulation of a diffusionlike process. A resolution-parameter—R—is introduced such that when assigned successive values from an increasing sequence, it is possible to detect the following:(a) a unique cluster which can be visualized as an object with no internal structure;

(b) a set of n first-order subclusters—given they exist—which are constituents of the cluster mentioned in (a);

(c) n sets of second-order subclusters—each of which are constituents of one of the first-order subclusters mentioned in (b)—and so on, successively.

Convexity is not required either for the cluster mentioned in (a) or for the subclusters of different orders. Although in this paper the method presented is applied to bidimensional objects, it may be generalized for the n-dimensional case.
Descripción matemática de la cinética del factor de crecimiento epidérmico
Authors: Mederos Brú María M. , Hernández Rubio Yolanda L. , Roldán Inguanzo Rita , Fernández Sánchez Eduardo
Published: March 2022

El factor de crecimiento epidérmico (FCE), estudiado a partir de 1986, está presente en algunas células de la piel y resulta un potente estimulador de la cicatrización. Es obtenido Industrialmente en Cuba por el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología. El enfoque farmacocinético de la administración del FCE se caracteriza por una función de entrada con rápida fase de distribución desde la sangre a los órganos diana cuando se administra por vía endovenosa, alcanzándose en dichos órganos una concentración máxima que determina la biodisponibilidad de la sustancia utilizada. Estos procesos pueden representarse matemáticamente mediante la función de entrada, y una función de peso de la dosis administrada que se expresa como suma de exponenciales. Un comportamiento acumulativo en términos de la integral de convolución de dichas funciones, puede caracterizar la respuesta de los procesos de absorción in vivo. Con vista a posibles cambios en la conducta absortiva del compuesto utilizado, puede lograrse una modificación de la dosis del medicamento mediante la deconvolución numérica de la respuesta y la función de peso. En este trabajo se presenta el uso del método de de convolución para la investigación mediante simulación de patrones cinéticos del FCE administrado por vía de absorción cutánea, lo cual permite la predicción y valoración de una forma farmacéutica diseñada.
Funciones abstractas de p–variación acotada
Authors: Puig de Dios Yunied , Roldán Inguanzo Rita A.
Published: March 2022

La investigación que nos ocupa se dedica a extender los resultados de Gelfand respecto a las funciones abstractas de variación acotada a las funciones abstractas de p-variación acotada en un sentido análogo al Teorema de Representación de Riez, con el objetivo de aplicar dicha extensión al estudio del espacio de las funciones absolutamente p-continuas. En este trabajo se introducen los espacios de las funciones abstractas de p-variación acotada fuerte y débil en un intervalo y se estudian sus principales propiedades. Se define la integral abstracta de Stieltjes en la búsqueda de un teorema análogo al de Representación de Riesz y se encuentra una representación de los operadores lineales continuos del espacio de las funciones absolutamente pcontinuas sobre un intervalo en un espacio normado débilmente completo a través de las funciones abstractas de p-variación acotada.
Classification and multivariate analysis of differences in gross primary production at different elevations using biome-bgc in the páramos, ecuadorian andean region
Authors: Minaya Veronica , Corzo Gerald , Van Der Kwast Johannes , Galárraga Remigio , Mynett Arthur
Published: March 2022

Gross primary production (GPP) in climate change studies with multi- species and elevation variables are difficult to measure and simulate. Models tend to provide a representation of dynamic process through long-term analysis by using generalized parameterizations. Even, current approaches of modelling do not contemplate easily the variation of GPP at different elevations for different vegetation types in regions like páramos, mainly due to data unavailability. In these models information from cells is commonly averaged, and therefore average elevation, ecophysiology of vegetation, as well as other parameters is generalized. The vegetation model BIOME- BGC was applied to the Ecuadorian Andean region for elevations greater than 4000 masl with the presence of typical vegetation of páramo for 10 years of simulation (period 2000-2009). An estimation of the difference of GPP obtained using a generalized altitude and predominant type of vegetation could lead to a better estimation of the uncertainty in the magnitude of the errors in global climate models. This research explores GPP from 3 different altitudes and 3 vegetation types against 2 main climate drivers (Short Wave Radiation and Vapor Pressure Deficit). Since it is important to measure the possible errors or difference in the use of averaged meteorological and ecophysiological data, here we present a multivariate analysis of the dynamic difference of GPP in time, relative to an altitude and type of vegetation. A copula multivariable model allows us to identify and classify the changes in GPP per type of vegetation and altitude. The Frank copula model of joint distributions was our best fit between GPP and climate drivers and it allowed us to understand better the dependency of the variables. These results can explore extreme situations where averaged simplified approaches could mislead. The change of GPP over time is essential for future climate scenarios of the ecosystem storage and release of carbon to the atmosphere. Our findings suggest that a classification of the difference is highly important to be extended to cells that have similar properties.
Bifurcaciones en modelo gause depredador - presa con discontinuidad
Authors: Cortés-García Christian
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo se presentan las condiciones necesarias para garantizar la existencia de un ciclo límite estable en un modelo de Gause depredador - presa y algunos aspectos geométricos para realizar un análisis cualitativo en sistemas dinámicos de Filippov bidimensional. Con esos lineamientos definidos, se estudia la dinámica de un modelo depredador - presa cuando la explotación en los depredadores es restringida si la cantidad de presas es inferior a un valor critico. El estudio es llevado a cabo por el análisis de bifurcación con relación a dos parámetros: explotación y protección de las poblaciones a interactuar.
Uso de la Transformada de Wavelet para el análisis de oscilaciones en filamentos quietos del Sol
Authors: Rojas-Quesada Miguel , Taliashvili Lela , Gutiérrez Heidy
Published: March 2022

Hemos analizado la evolución (temporal y según la altura) de las oscilaciones de largo período de dos filamentos quietos, relacionados con los procesos iniciales de sus inestabilidades termales y/o dinámicas y su correlación con las respuestas coronales asociadas, principalmente con las Eyecciones de Masa Coronal (CMEs). El estudio de oscilaciones se realizó durante las Rotaciones de Carrington CR 2151 y CR 2152, que coinciden con el máximo del ciclo solar 24, con base en las imágenes de múltiples longitudes de onda, tomadas por SDO y GONG. Se llevó a cabo una rutina en SolarSoft, utilizando la transformada de wavelet, que permite obtener el espectro de frecuencias de las oscilaciones de largo período y su evolución temporal para los filamentos. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que estas oscilaciones son asociadas a movimientos longitudinales de pequeña amplitud mayoritariamente, y su origen se relaciona con las inestabilidades termales de filamentos, que provocan flujos bidireccionales en los filamentos. Además, se detectó claramente una oscilación adicional con un período de 6 h en los espectros de ondículas y periodogramas, aunque no fue posible identificar oscilaciones longitudinales que coincidieran con este período. Asimismo, hemos identificado indicios de que en los eventos estudiados el proceso de reconexión magnética también ocurren en capas por debajo de la corona, ya que las perturbaciones de la intensidad observadas son más prominentes en los filtros correspondientes a la cromósfera, zona de transición y la corona baja mientras que éstas decaen en los filtros asociados a la corona.
A moment recursive formula for a class of distributions
Authors: Rincón Luis
Published: March 2022

We provide a recursive formula for the computation of moments of distributions belonging to a subclass of the exponential family. This subclass includes important cases as the binomial, negative binomial, Poisson, gamma and normal distribution, among others. The recursive formula provides a procedure to sequentially calculate the moments using only elementary operations. The approach makes no use of the moment generating function.
Índice de Conley y sistemas dinámicos continuos
Authors: Zapata Gómez Yesenia , Dela-Rosa Miguel Angél , Remigio-Juárez Jair
Published: March 2022

El objetivo principal de éste trabajo es aplicar métodos topológicos para obtener resultados sobre flujos continuos determinados por ecuaciones diferenciales. Específicamente, aplicamos la teoría del Índice de Conley para demostrar que, bajo ciertas condiciones, existe un conjunto invariante que contiene una solución no trivial. La construcción de este conjunto invariante es puramente topológica y depende del flujo de la ecuación diferencial, pero la existencia de la solucion no trivial se obtiene como una aplicación de técnicas de homología. En este artículo expositivo desarrollamos y precisamos estas ideas, y para conseguir un mejor entendimiento incluimos algunos ejemplos y cálculos en algunas ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Este trabajo está basado principalmente en [6].
‘Hm no-one says anything, did you notice?’
Authors: Murtagh Ged M. , Bezemer Jeff
Published: March 2022

Effective teamwork is a critical feature of surgical practice and is based on shared expectations and understandings between team members. These shared understandings are intimately tied to a hierarchy of expertise pertaining to role, responsibility and participation status, and it has been suggested that this can sometimes negatively impact trainees’ experience of intraoperative surgical training. This paper examines this issue, exploring how surgeons and their trainees collaboratively manage decision making amidst the hierarchy of expertise. Our data set consists of audio and video recordings of surgical procedures, which are examined using conversation analysis. Our findings indicate that implicit in the interactions between consultant surgeons and trainees is the expectation that the lead surgeon is the authoritative expert and will therefore direct decision making. Trainees actively acquiesce to that order. Notwithstanding this, the analysis underscores some of the interactional practices used by surgeons and trainees which preserve, and on rare occasions, challenge that hierarchical relation. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the findings within the broader context of patient safety.
Assessments in assisted eating activities
Authors: Majlesi Ali Reza , Ekström Anna , Hydén Lars-Christer
Published: March 2022

This study deals with assessment as an interactional practice in assisted eating activities involving people with late-stage dementia (here Alzheimer’s disease) in an elderly care home. The dataset for the study consists of video recordings of 26 occasions of eating activities. We investigate the use of embodied, vocal and verbal assessments (e.g., headshakes, nods and gustatory ‘mmm’) together with evaluative terms (e.g., ‘good’ or ‘great’) in three consecutive phases in these activities: ‘introducing the mealtime activity’, ‘offering the food’ and ‘receiving the food’. Drawing on multimodal analysis of interaction, we analyze three mealtime events, in which we show how assessments are issued by caregivers more often in interaction with a person with dementia who appears less engaged in the activity compared to a more engaged resident. Moreover, the analysis explicates how assessments fit in with the overall organization of the activity and are issued in a timely fashion when the food is introduced and brought close to the lips of the person with dementia, and when it is accepted. The findings show that assessments are used not only to share an evaluation of e.g., food or the action of the person with dementia, but also to manage the assisted eating activity. Assessments seem to be used distinctively (1) to build joint attention in the eating activity and (2) to encourage the assisted person to submit to/continue the activity of eating.
Collecting qualitative data during a pandemic
Authors: Silverman David
Published: March 2022

The claims of qualitative research are often based on being physically present in a setting and the ability that gives to record interactional features unavailable to quantitative research. In a medical context, this can involve a number of scenarios which include observing medical encounters or interviewing patients. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has made such co-presence impractical. This short paper discusses ways around this problem. It also demonstrates that, in a digital age, being ‘present’ in the ‘field’ needs to be reconsidered.
Empathic communication sequences in online medical consultations
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: March 2022

Empathy is believed to play a key function in clinical consultations. As online medical consultation (OMC) has become increasingly popular in the past decade, studies addressing empathic communication in the OMC context have started to attract research interest. However, previous studies have mainly addressed empathic communicative acts by online doctors. There is still a research gap as regards exploring online empathic communication from both doctors’ and patients’ perspectives, particularly in the context of China where there is a promising growth in OMC activities. The present study examines 150 text-based OMC cases that involve empathic interaction between doctors and patients/caregivers in the Chinese context. Adopting a theme-oriented discourse analysis approach, the paper aims to identify empathic communication sequences. Four types of sequence organization are identified, and these are discussed with relevant examples. The findings illustrate that OMC communication involves dynamic empathic sequential patterns, which can be optimally drawn upon by health professionals and medical students to practise their empathic communication skills.