bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Utilization of Medicines beyond Patent Expiration
Authors: Mansley Edward C , Teutsch Steven M , White Dawn M , Busza Jamie D , Geisel Steven S
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: The utilization of a medicine, both before and after patent expiration, is one of the key determinants of its long-run value to society, as consumer and producer surplus accumulate as utilization occurs. However, while utilization during the years of patent protection is followed fairly closely, usage after that is generally not, as multiple manufacturers are usually involved in the production and sale of generic alternatives. Since utilization beyond patent expiration is poorly understood, we selected a random sample of 60 drugs and assessed their long-term, post-patent use during the period of generic competition.METHODS: At five-year intervals beginning with the year generic competition began (YGCB), we estimated the U.S. utilization of each drug (including all generic and branded formulations) based on the number of prescriptions dispensed as projected by the National Prescription Audit (1964 to 2006) conducted by IMS. These estimates were then compared to each medicine's baseline utilization, defined as the drug's usage during the last full year of patent protection  one year prior to the year generic competition began (YGCB-1). The absolute utilization levels were converted into relative utilization levels, whereby a measure of 1.0 indicates that utilization in that year was equal to utilization in the baseline year.RESULTS: Many drugs continued to be prescribed long after patent protection ended. Even after excluding one medicine that had unusually high utilization 15 to 30 years after generic competition began, relative utilization averaged between 0.64 and 0.99 for the 5-year intervals starting with YGCB+5 and ending with YGCB+30. This was true even though several of the medicines were available over-the-counter (OTC) during some of those years and we did not have data reflecting OTC utilization. After excluding those OTC years (to focus on medicines that had more complete data), relative utilization averaged between 0.88 and 1.15.CONCLUSION: Many medicines continue to be used far beyond their period of patent protection, somewhat countering the view that newer drugs quickly replace older ones. This extended, post-patent utilization can yield additional surplus for society that is over and above the surplus generated during the period of patent protection.
Phase transition and high pressure behavior of Zirconium and Niobium carbides
Authors: Singh Archana , Aynyas Mahendra , Sanyal Sankar
Published: November 2008

We have predicted the phase transition pressure (PT)and high pressure behavior of Zirconium and Niobium carbide (ZrC, NbC). The high pressure structural phase transitions in ZrC and NbC has been studied by using a two body inter-ionic potential model, which includes the Coulomb screening effect, due to the semi-metallic nature of these compounds. These transition metal carbides have been found to undergo NaCl (B1) to CsCl (B2)-type structural phase transition, at high pressure like other binary systems. We predict such structural transformation in ZrC and NbC at a pressure of 98GPa and 85GPa respectively. We have also predicted second order elastic constant and bulk modulus. The present theoretical work has been compared with the corresponding experimental data and prediction of LAPW and GGA and LDA theories.
Modelling of vibrations of a liquid filled tank
Authors: Trębacki Kazimierz
Published: November 2008

Modelling of vibrations of a liquid filled tank

Kinematic excitations provoke the motion and vibrations of the construction, which in turn considerably affects hydrodynamic loads generated on the walls of liquid cargo tanks. The issues of hydrodynamics also refer to the constructions fixed to the bottom, and those half-immersed, fully immersed, and floating (drilling platforms). They mainly concern ship tanks and oceanotechnical tanks. The theoretical and numerical analysis for long an short tanks, fully or partially filled with liquid has been performed. The determined hydrodynamic loads directly refer to the strength of the tank structure, which provides opportunities for determining the constructional strength of the entire hull. Extremely severe requirements are to be met by tanks used for carrying radioactive liquids, as an extremely high safety level is to be secured on all cargo carriers used in marine and land transport.
Graphical presentation of the power of energy losses and power developed in the elements of hydrostatic drive and control system: Part I Rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control systems
Authors: Paszota Zygmunt
Published: November 2008

Graphical presentation of the power of energy losses and power developed in the elements of hydrostatic drive and control system: Part I Rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control systems

Paper proposes and justifies a diagram of the direction of increase of power stream from the shaft or piston rod of a hydraulic motor to the pump shaft, power increasing as an effect of the imposed power of energy losses in the hydrostatic drive and control system elements. Graphical interpretation of the power of energy losses in the hydrostatic drive and control system elements and also of the power developed by those elements is presented. An individual system with the rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control fed by a constant capacity pump cooperating with an overflow valve in a constant pressure system p = cte ≈ pn is analyzed and also an individual system with the rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control fed by a constant capacity pump cooperating with an overflow valve controlled in a variable pressure system: p = var, an individual system with the rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control fed by a variable capacity pump cooperating with a pressure regulator in a constant pressure system p = cte ≈ pn and an individual system with the rotational hydraulic motor speed series throttling control fed by a variable capacity pump cooperating with the Load Sensing regulator in a variable pressure p = var system.
A method of diagnosing labyrinth seals in fluid-flow machines
Authors: Krzyślak Piotr , Winowiecki Marian
Published: November 2008

A method of diagnosing labyrinth seals in fluid-flow machines

Steam turbines constitute fluid flow machines which are used for driving engines of power plants, merchant and naval ships. They are commonly applied in power industry to driving electric generators. One of the impotant elements which affect efficiency of steam turbines used in power industry and for ship propulsion is state of labyrinth sealings whose aim is to minimize losses associated with steam leakage within turbine casing. Until now to assess state of labyrinth sealings has been only possible after stopping the turbine and its dismantling in order to determine values of clearances in the sealings. This paper presents a method which makes it possible to assess state of labyrinth sealings without the necessity of stopping and dismantling the machine. This is the method which allows to assess on-line state of machine sealings during its operation.
Complex approach to selection and evaluation of the fire safety measures to be applied during repair of refrigerated holds
Authors: Sychta Zygmunt
Published: November 2008

Complex approach to selection and evaluation of the fire safety measures to be applied during repair of refrigerated holds

This paper presents an analysis of fire hazard during repair work of refrigerated hold with a view of specificity of its equipment and construction, as well as the algorithm of the system of analysis and evaluation of safety measures and their effectiveness. The assessment of effectiveness was based on the applied fire safety measures. Selected actions and technical measures for fire safety must make it possible to prevent fire ignition in hardly accessible spaces behind the boarding of hold walls and in air cooling chambers as unnoticed fire may very fast propagate to the next holds and ship compartments due to flue drafts.
Simulation method for determination of human reliability function taking stress into consideration
Authors: Hann Mieczysław
Published: November 2008

Simulation method for determination of human reliability function taking stress into consideration

Application of computer simulation method for determination of the reliability function of a human being treated as an element of the system was presented in the paper. A method of considering the influence of the incidental random events occurring in the technical system or surroundings on committing faults by a human in the condition of stress was discussed. Computer code and examples of the results were also presented.
The multidimensional approach to marine industry development: Part I. Obstacles and willingness to the EU marine industry reengineering
Authors: Semenov Iouri
Published: November 2008

The multidimensional approach to marine industry development: Part I. Obstacles and willingness to the EU marine industry reengineering

The paper consists from two parts and generalizes traditional approaches to innovative transformations in various sectors of the EU marine industry. It is shown that shipping companies should permanently adapt and keep their business in sync with marketable changes and be ready to competitive struggle within the global economy. The critical solutions are determining the functional parameters of merchant ships at earliest stages of theirs structural designing, as and reengineering. Author offers a conceptual framework of the co-evolutionary approach to reengineering maritime transport. This problem-solving approach examines targeted ships in topological aspect as the multilayered configurations composed of various-of-a-kinds components, and in functional aspect as multicoalitional compositions. Basic attention focuses on identification of various constrains to innovative activity and choice of improvement strategies, for turning the European marine industry into the high competitive system. For completeness, in paper are presented three particular measures for an estimation of maritime transport success.
Application of expert systems in diagnostics, management and logistics
Authors: Korczewski Zbigniew
Published: November 2008

Application of expert systems in diagnostics, management and logistics

There has been demonstrated base terms concerning expert systems and analysis of their organisation structure. Some possibilities of the expert knowledge codification worked out on the basis of different application of the object-attribute-value triplets have been presented as well.
Response to novelty in rats tested in isolation and in pairs: focus on exploration and play
Authors: Tanaś Łukasz , Stryjek Rafał
Published: November 2008

Response to novelty in rats tested in isolation and in pairs: focus on exploration and play

The main goal of the study was to compare investigatory responses towards novelty in 20 Wistar rats divided into two experimental groups (solitary exploration vs. exploration in pairs). Additionally, relationship between novelty and social play/interaction was analyzed in the dyad group. Procedure involved placing animals in an experimental chamber during fifteen, six minute trials on successive days of the study. On the eleventh session a new object was introduced. The results are summarized within several behavioral categories. Investigatory responses of rats in dyad to novel object in familiar environment were not quantitatively different, than those of isolated animals. The animals from both groups responded to the novel object by focusing their exploratory activity on the source of new stimulation. Amount of social play and social exploration was influenced by the experimental manipulation with important sex differences present.
The Scholarship of Dr. Asa G. Hilliard, III: Implications for Black Principal Leadership
Authors: Tillman Linda C.
Published: November 2008

For over 40 years the scholarship of Dr. Asa G. Hilliard has impacted the fields of educational psychology, testing and measurement, teacher education, and African and African American history. Dr. Hilliard was also concerned about school leadership, and much of his work is closely aligned with current discussions about school reform and accountability as they relate to effective school leadership. The purpose of this article is to present a review of a selected body of Dr. Hilliard’s scholarship, and to situate this work in the context of African American principal leadership and the education of African American students.
Between Self-help and Dependence: Donor Funding and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS in South Africa
Authors: Johnson Krista
Published: November 2008

This article examines funding for HIV/AIDS in South Africa, and the relationship between foreign donors and the South African government. The recognition of the AIDS pandemic as an epochal crisis has led to a proliferation of international and donor organizations now directly involved in the governance, tracking and management of the pandemic in many African countries. In many ways, the heavy donor hand that is increasingly defining the pandemic and the global response to it feeds into a new imperialist logic that subordinates pan-African agendas, masks broader issues of access central to the fight against the pandemic, and strengthens traditional relationships of dependence between wealthy Western nations and poorer African nations. The South African government's relationship with foreign donors, however, has been shaped by its efforts to develop an African response to the pandemic not determined nor primarily funded by foreign aid. This article highlights the positive and negative implications of the sometimes contentious relationship between the South African government and foreign donors, as well as the Africa-centred, self-help agenda it pursues, highlighting the opportunities as well as challenges for African governments to define the global response to the pandemic.
‘African Sex is Dangerous!’ Renegotiating ‘Ritual Sex’ in Contemporary Masaka District
Authors: Nyanzi Stella , Nassimbwa Justine , Kayizzi Vincent , Kabanda Strivan
Published: November 2008

The sexual culture of sub-Saharan African peoples is variously utilized as an explanation for the high incidence of HIV in Africa. Thus it has been the target of behaviour change campaigns championed by massive public health education. Based on ethnographic fieldwork (using participant observation, individual interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey) in Masaka District, this article contests a reified, homogeneous and ethnocentric sexualizing of Africans. It engages with how prescribed ritual sex practices are (re)negotiated, contested, affirmed, policed, revised and given meaning within the context of a society living with HIV/AIDS. Among Baganda, sex is customarily a vital component for ‘completing’ individual prosperity, kin-group equilibrium and social cohesion. Various forms of prescribed customary sexual activities range from penetrative sex interaction between penis and vagina, to symbolic performances such as (male) jumping over women's legs or (female) wearing of special belts. Unlike portrayals of customary sex activities in anti-HIV/AIDS discourse, the notion of ‘dangerous sex’ and the fear of contagion are not typical of all ritual sex practices in Masaka. Akin to Christianity, colonialism, colonial medicine and modernizing discourses, anti-HIV/AIDS campaigns are the contemporary social policemen for sex, sexuality and sexual behaviour. In this regard, public health discourse in Uganda is pathologizing the mundane aspects of customary practices. The HIV/AIDS metaphor is variously utilized by Baganda to negotiate whether or not to engage in specific ritual sex activities.
Intercept Capacity: Unknown Unitary Transformation
Authors: Kitchen John , Moran Bill , Howard Stephen D.
Published: November 2008

We consider the problem of intercepting communications signals between Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems. To correctly detect a transmitted message it is necessary to know the gain matrix that represents the channel between the transmitter and the receiver. However, even if the receiver has knowledge of the message symbol set, it may not be possible to estimate the channel matrix. Blind Source Separation (BSS) techniques, such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) can go some way to extracting independent signals from individual transmission antennae but these may have been preprocessed in a manner unknown to the receiver. In this paper we consider the situation where a communications interception system has prior knowledge of the message symbol set, the channel matrix between the transmission system and the interception system and is able to resolve the transmissionss from independent antennae. The question then becomes: what is the mutual information available to the interceptor when an unknown unitary transformation matrix is employed by the transmitter.
Automatic DPC Code Selection from Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Yokoi H. , Fujita S. , Takabayashi K. , Suzuki T.
Published: November 2008

Objectives:
We extracted index terms related to diseases recorded in hospital discharge summaries and examined the capability of the vector space model to select a suitable diagnosis with these terms.

Methods:
By morphological analysis, we extracted index terms and constructed an original dictionary for the discharge summary analysis. We chose 125 different DPC (Japanese DRG system) codes for the diseases, each of which had more than 20 cases. We divided them into two groups. One group consisted of 5927 cases from 2004 fiscal year and was used to generate the document vector space according to the DPC. The other group of 3187 cases was collected to verify the automatic DPC selection by using data from 2005 fiscal year. The top 200 extracted index terms for each disease were used to calculate the weight of each disease.

Results:
The DPC code obtained by the calculated similarity was compared with the original codes of patients for 125 DPCs of 3187 cases. Eighty percent of the cases matched the diagnosis of the DPC (first six digits) and 56% of the cases completely matched all 14 digits of the DPC.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that we could extract suitable terms for each disease and obtain characteristics, such as the diagnosis, from the calculated vectors. This technique can be used to measure the qualification of discharge summaries and to integrate discharge summaries among different facilities. By the text mining technique, we can characterize the contents of electronic discharge summaries and deduce diagnoses with the data.
Adaptive neural tracking control of nonlinear time‐delay systems with disturbances
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Bing , Zhang Siying
Published: November 2008

In this paper, a novel adaptive neural tracking control scheme is presented for a class of perturbed strict‐feedback nonlinear time‐delay systems with unknown virtual control coefficients. The introduction of new estimated parameters reduces the number of adaptive parameters and the size of neural networks required. Based on radial basis function neural network on‐line approximation, an adaptive neural tracking controller is proposed by combining Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and decoupled backstepping. The proposed scheme guarantees semi‐global uniform ultimate boundedness of all the signals in the closed‐loop system and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood around the origin. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Platelet turnover, coagulation factors, and soluble markers of platelet and endothelial activation in essential thrombocythemia: Relationship with thrombosis occurrence and JAK2 V617F allele burden
Authors: Arellano‐Rodrigo Eduardo , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Reverter Juan‐Carlos , Colomer Dolors , Villamor Neus , Bellosillo Beatriz , Cervantes Francisco
Published: November 2008

Patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) have an increased frequency of thrombosis, but the relationship of both thrombosis and JAK2 V617F allele burden with platelet turnover, acquired activated protein C resistance (aAPCR), and levels of coagulation factors and soluble markers of platelet, and endothelial activation is not well known. In 53 ET patients (26 with a history of thrombosis), reticulated platelets (RP) percentage, aAPCR, platelet tissue factor (TF) expression, and plasma levels of TF, coagulation factors, soluble P‐selectin (sP‐selectin), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), D‐dimer and prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 were compared with those in matched healthy individuals and correlated with thrombosis occurrence and JAK2 mutational load. ET patients with thrombosis had significantly higher values for RP percentage, aAPCR, and levels of factors V and VIII, VWF:Ag, sP‐selectin, and sCD40L than patients without thrombosis and controls. At multivariate study, RP percentage, factor V levels, and aAPCR were independently associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Patients with JAK2 mutation had significantly lower levels of free protein S (PS) and higher levels of TF, sP‐selectin, sCD40L, VWF:Ag, and sTM than those with wild‐type allele. A mutant allele dosage effect (≥ 12%) was observed for TF, sP‐selectin, sCD40L, VWF:Ag, and PS levels. These results support a role for platelet turnover, factor V, and aAPCR in the thrombosis of ET as well as the association between JAK2 V617F allele burden and either decreased free PS or increased TF and soluble markers of platelet and endothelial activation. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Face inversion effects in autism: a combined looking time and pupillometric study
Authors: Falck‐Ytter Terje
Published: November 2008

Previous research has found that in typically developing individuals, behavioral performance declines and electrophysiological brain responses are altered when the face is inverted. Such effects are generally attributed to disruption of configural information. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to show less pronounced inversion effects, a result in line with the view that featural processing of faces is enhanced in ASD. No study has determined if, or how, such local bias is reflected in the eye movements used in face observation. In this eye tracking study, looking time and pupil dilation were investigated during the presentation of upright and inverted faces in preschool children with ASD and typically developing preschoolers. On average, both children with ASD and typically developing children looked less at the face and the eye areas during inverted presentations than during upright presentations. Nevertheless, individuals with ASD had a stronger tendency than typically developing children to look at the same face features during upright and inverted presentations, which is suggestive of a local bias. Pupil dilation, reflecting increased processing load, was larger for inverted than upright faces in the ASD group only, and pupillary inversion effects were stronger in ASD than in typically developing children.
Can recent insights into cardiac development improve our understanding of congenitally malformed hearts?
Authors: Horsthuis Thomas , Christoffels Vincent M. , Anderson Robert H. , Moorman Antoon F.M.
Published: November 2008

Congenital cardiac malformations account for one‐quarter of all human congenital abnormalities. They are caused by environmental and genetic factors. Despite increasing efforts in fundamental research, as yet, the morphogenesis of only a limited number of malformations has been elucidated. Over the last decades, new genetic modifications have made it possible to manipulate the mammalian embryo. Evidence provided using these transgenic techniques has, over the past decade, necessitated re‐evaluation of several developmental processes, important in the understanding of normal as opposed to abnormal cardiac development. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the patterning of the initial heart tube, new insights into formation of the atrial and ventricular chambers, and novel information on the origin of the cells that are added to the heart after formation of the initial tube. All of these advances modify our appreciation of malformations involving the venous and arterial poles. As we demonstrate, this new information sheds light not only on normal cardiac development, but also explains the structure of several previously controversial lesions seen in malformed human hearts. Clin. Anat. 22:4–20, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio Calculations of Electronic Band Structure and Charge Densities of Zinc Blende‐Type GaN, BN and Their Solid Solution B0.5Ga0.5N.
Authors: Riane Rabah , Matar Samir F. , Hammerelaine Lahcene
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonia Borane in Solution.
Authors: Shaw Wendy J. , Linehan John C. , Szymczak Nathaniel K. , Heldebrant David J. , Yonker Clem , Camaioni Donald M. , Baker R. Tom , Autrey Tom
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multilateral Solid‐State Metathesis Reactions for the Preparation of Materials with Heteroanions: The [Si(CN2)4]4‐ Ion.
Authors: Glaser Jochen , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence Properties of Salt‐Inclusion Lanthanide Silicates: [K9F2][Ln3Si12O32] (Ln: Sm, Eu, Gd).
Authors: Tang Ming‐Feng , Chiang Pei‐Yun , Su Yu‐Han , Jung Yu‐Chi , Hou Guang‐Yi , Chang Bor‐Chen , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Proton‐Conducting Perovskite‐Type into Fluorite‐Type Fast Oxide Ion Electrolytes Using a CO2 Capture Technique and Their Electrical Properties.
Authors: Trobec Francesca , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Assembly and Luminescence Property of Lanthanide‐Containing Anderson Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Shu‐Xia , Cao Rui‐Ge , Ji Hong‐Mei , Zhang Shi‐Wei , Ren Yuan‐Hang
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Ti9 Keggin Trimers with Tetrahedral (PO4) or Octahedral (TiO6) Capping Groups.
Authors: Al‐Kadamany Ghada A. , Hussain Firasat , Mal Sib Sankar , Dickman Michael H. , Leclerc‐Laronze Nathalie , Marrot Jerome , Cadot Emmanuel , Kortz Ulrich
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [H2bipy]2 [(UO2)6Zn2(PO3OH)4 (PO4)4]×H2O: An Open‐Framework Uranyl Zinc Phosphate Templated by Diprotonated 4,4′‐Bipyridyl.
Authors: Yu Yaqin , Zhan Wei , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 0‐D and 1‐D Inorganic—Organic Composite Polyoxotungstates Constructed from in situ Generated MonocopperII‐Substituted Keggin Polyoxoanions and CopperII—Organoamine Complexes.
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Wei , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyst‐Switched Selective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents: α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Amides as Versatile Templates for Asymmetric Three‐Component Coupling Processes.
Authors: Okada Satoshi , Arayama Kyohei , Murayama Ryuji , Ishizuka Takumi , Hara Keiichi , Hirone Naoki , Hata Takeshi , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective 1,4‐Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β‐Enamides Using a Combined Chiral Auxiliary‐Catalyst Approach.
Authors: Biswas Kallolmay , Woodward Simon
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Ketones Promoted by Tartaric Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Hui Ailing , Zhang Jintang , Wang Zhiyong
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Heteroaromatic Ring‐Fused Cyclohexanones via Heteroaromatic Homo‐Nazarov Cyclization of Donor—Acceptor Substituted Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Yadav Veejendra K. , Kumar Naganaboina Vijaya
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TBD‐Catalyzed Direct 5‐ and 6‐enolexo Aldolization of Ketoaldehydes.
Authors: Ghobril Cynthia , Sabot Cyrille , Mioskowski Charles , Baati Rachid
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Chloride Supported on Pyridine‐Modified Mesoporous Silica: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Allylic Oxidation of Olefins with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Mao Jianyong , Hu Xingbang , Li Haoran , Sun Yong , Wang Congmin , Chen Zhirong
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of DNA as a Catalyst for Henry Reaction in Water.
Authors: Fan Jinmin , Sun Gaojun , Wan Changfeng , Wang Zhiyong , Li Yingfu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene‐Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of Styrenes with Grignard Reagents Using β‐Bromoethyl Ethers, Thioethers, or Amines.
Authors: Terao Jun , Kato Yuichiro , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Organoallyl Species Generated from Aryl Halides and Allene: Allylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Cyclic Ketones Employing Pd/In Transmetallation Processes.
Authors: Cleghorn Laura A. T. , Grigg Ronald , Savic Vladimir , Simic Milena
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Functionalized Bridged m‐Xylylenedioxycalix[6]arenes.
Authors: Galan Hitos , Fragoso Alex , de Mendoza Javier , Prados Pilar
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of the Methylene Bridges of the Calix[6]arene Scaffold.
Authors: Kogan Katerina , Columbus Ishay , Biali Silvio E.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Reaction of Chloroacetyl Chloride with 1,2‐Dichloroethylene. Synthesis of 1,1,4‐Trichlorobut‐3‐en‐2‐one.
Authors: Bozhenkov G. V. , Savosik V. A. , Rudyakova E. V. , Mirskova A. N. , Levkovskaya G. G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalizing Glycine Derivatives by Direct C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Zhao Liang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Reductive Ligation of S‐Nitrosothiols.
Authors: Wang Hua , Xian Ming
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclomagnesation of Cyclonona‐1,2‐diene with EtMgR Catalyzed by Cp2ZrCl2.
Authors: D'yakonov V. A. , Makarov A. A. , Ibragimov A. G. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Benzylic Bromination.
Authors: Shibatomi Kazutaka , Zhang Yanhua , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium(II)‐Mediated Reductive Mannich‐Type Reaction of α‐Bromoketones to N‐Alkylimines.
Authors: Tanaka Shin‐ya , Tagashira Nobuo , Chiba Kouji , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Aminations with Aromatic Amine Nucleophiles Using Chiral Diaminophosphine Oxides: DIAPHOXs.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Tamura Shinji , Sakamoto Tatsurou , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Schiff Bases as Highly Active and Enantioselective Catalysts in Catalytic Addition of Dialkylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Tanaka Takanori , Sano Yuki , Hayashi Masahiko
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Dimethylzinc to α‐Ketoesters Catalyzed by (‐)‐MITH.
Authors: Wu Hsyueh‐Liang , Wu Ping‐Yu , Shen Ying‐Ying , Uang Biing‐Jiun
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N‐Vinylation of Aryl and Hetaryl Carboxamides with Trimethoxyvinylsilane.
Authors: Arsenyan Pavel , Petrenko Alla , Belyakov Sergey
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical, One‐Step Approach to o‐Chlorophenyl Thioethers from Xanthates. A Rapid Access to Vinylsilanes.
Authors: Corbet Matthieu , Ferjancic Zorana , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Access to Functionalized Pentaarylbenzene Derivatives Through a Quick Lithiation.
Authors: Iwasawa Tetsuo , Kamei Toshinori , Hama Kento , Nishimoto Yoshiki , Nishiuchi Masaki , Kawamura Yasuhiko
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CAN‐Mediated Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxidation of Vinylidenecyclopropanes: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Divinyl Ketone and Functional Enone Derivatives.
Authors: Su Chenliang , Huang Xian , Liu Qingyang
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Engineering of Organic Sensitizers Containing p‐Phenylene Vinylene Unit for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells.
Authors: Kim Chulwoo , Choi Hyunbong , Kim Sanghoon , Baik Chul , Song Kihyung , Kang Moon‐Sung , Kang Sang Ook , Ko Jaejung
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Powder‐Mediated Homocoupling Reactions of Iodoacetylenes to Synthesize Symmetrical 1,3‐Butadiynes.
Authors: Xue Song , Meng Ling‐Guo , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Dicyanoolefins to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Lu Jun , Liu Feng , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic and Enantioselective Direct Vinylogous Michael Addition to Maleimides.
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhou Wei‐Juan , Liu Feng , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Desymmetrization of Prochiral α,α‐Dicyanoalkenes via Domino Michael—Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Kang Tai‐Ran , Xie Jian‐Wu , Du Wei , Feng Xin , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of RCM and the Pauson—Khand Reaction: One‐Step Synthesis of Tricyclic Structures.
Authors: Rosillo Marta , Arnaiz Eduardo , Abdi Delbrin , Blanco‐Urgoiti Jaime , Dominguez Gema , Perez‐Castells Javier
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Double‐Helix Formation by an Ethynylhelicene Oligomer Possessing Perfluorooctyl Side Chains.
Authors: Amemiya Ryo , Saito Nozomi , Yamaguchi Masahiko
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fullerooxazoles: Novel Reactions of [60]Fullerene with Nitriles Promoted by Ferric Perchlorate.
Authors: Li Fa‐Bao , Liu Tong‐Xin , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral α‐Amino‐β‐lactams via the Kinugasa Reaction Employing Ynamides.
Authors: Zhang Xuejun , Hsung Richard P. , Li Hongyan , Zhang Yu , Johnson Whitney L. , Figueroa Ruth
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Alkylfurans with Olefins Through C—H Activation: Synthesis of Difurylalkanes.
Authors: Thiery Emilie , Harakat Dominique , Le Bras Jean , Muzart Jacques
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.