bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifoetal gestations mediate the effect of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) on ischaemic placental disease in autologous oocyte IVF more than donor oocyte IVF
Authors: Modest Anna M. , Smith Louisa H. , Toth Thomas L. , Collier Ai‐ris Y. , Hacker Michele R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Ischaemic placental disease (IPD) affects 16%–23% of pregnancies in the United States. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a risk factor for IPD, and the magnitude of increase in risk differs for individuals using donor oocytes (donor IVF) versus their own oocytes (autologous IVF). In addition, multifoetal gestations, which are more common in IVF than non‐IVF pregnancies, also are a risk factor for IPD.

Objective

To quantify the contribution of multifoetal gestations to the association between IVF and IPD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary hospital from 1 January, 2000 to 1 August 2018 using electronic medical records and state vital statistics data. IPD was defined as preeclampsia, placental abruption, small for gestational age (SGA) birth or an intrauterine foetal demise due to placental insufficiency. We used mediation analysis to decompose the total effect of IVF on IPD into a natural direct effect and an indirect effect through multifoetal gestations. We repeated the analyses separately for donor and autologous IVF. All models were adjusted for maternal age, race, parity, insurance, year of delivery and account for multiple pregnancies per person.

Results

We identified 86,514 deliveries, of which 281 resulted from donor IVF and 4173 resulted from autologous IVF. IVF pregnancies had 1.99 (95% CI 1.88, 2.10) times the risk of IPD compared to non‐IVF pregnancies, and 75.5% of this increased risk was mediated by multifoetal gestations. Autologous IVF pregnancies had 1.95 (95% CI 1.84, 2.07) times the risk of IPD compared to non‐IVF pregnancies, and the per cent mediated was 78.8%. Donor IVF pregnancies had 2.50 (95% CI 2.09, 2.92) times the risk of IPD, but the per cent mediated was 37.5%.

Conclusion

The majority of the association between autologous IVF and IPD was mediated through multifoetal gestations; however, this was not the case for donor IVF pregnancies.
The transfusion of non‐prophylactically RH‐KEL1 antigen‐matched red blood cells is feasible in selected myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Xhaard Aliénor , Miekoutima Elsa , Pirenne France , François Anne , Tiberghien Pierre , Sebert Marie , Adès Lionel , Fenaux Pierre , Leprêtre Anne‐Claire
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

Most myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients become red blood cell (RBC) transfusion‐dependent. Transfusing MDS patients with prophylactically RH‐KEL1 antigen‐matched (PAM) RBC units is recommended to avoid RBC allo‐immunization. D+C−E−c+e+, D+C−E+c+e− and D+C+E−c−e+ phenotypes are infrequent among French blood donors. To preserve infrequent phenotype RBC units for patients other than MDS, and to manage frequent phenotype RBC unit stocks, we let, for 1 year, higher‐risk non‐immunized chronically transfused MDS and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients receive RBC transfusions matched only for D. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of non‐PAM transfusions on the transfusion policy (which would be modified in case of RBC allo‐immunization) for frequent and infrequent phenotypes patients and to estimate the number of infrequent phenotypes RBC units that could be redistributed to other patients.

Results

Ninety patients were enrolled. Thirty‐five patients had infrequent phenotypes, nine received only PAM RBC (143 units) and 26 PAM and non‐PAM RBC (415 and 532, respectively): none developed allo‐immunization. Fifty‐five patients had frequent RBC phenotypes, 34 received only PAM RBC (561 units) and three developed antibodies (2 non‐RH‐KEL1 and one anti‐E); 21 received PAM and non‐PAM RBC (436 and 109, respectively) and one developed allo‐immunization (unknown specificity). Our strategy enabled us to preserve 532 infrequent phenotypes RBC units: 216 D+C−E−c+e+, 33 D+C−E+c+e− and 283 D+C+E−c−e+ units, representing 48.8% of the total number of RBC units received by infrequent phenotypes patients during the study period.

Conclusion

Allowing the transfusion of non‐PAM RBC in selected chronically transfused MDS and AML patients was feasible and enabled to redistribute infrequent phenotypes RBC units to other patients in need.
Hidden vibronic and excitonic structure and vibronic coherence transfer in the bacterial reaction center
Authors: Policht Veronica R. , Niedringhaus Andrew , Willow Rhiannon , Laible Philip D. , Bocian David F. , Kirmaier Christine , Holten Dewey , Mančal Tomáš , Ogilvie Jennifer P.
Published: January 2022

Vibronic coherence transfer reveals weak electronic structure in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes.
DICAM, a molecular passport for T
H
17 cell entry into the brain
Authors: Gadani Sachin P. , Kornberg Michael D.
Published: January 2022

DICAM, a trafficking molecule preferentially expressed by T
H
17 cells, may be a therapeutic target for treating neuroinflammation (Charabati
et al.
).
Advanced Understanding of Prokaryotic Biofilm Formation through Use of a Cost-Effective and Versatile Multipanel Adhesion (mPAD) Mount
Authors: Schulze Stefan , Schiller Heather , Solomonic Jordan , Telhan Orkan , Costa Kyle , Pohlschroder Mechthild
Published: January 2022

Due to the versatility of the mPAD mount, we anticipate that it will aid the analysis of biofilm formation in a broad range of bacteria and archaea. Thereby, it contributes to answering critical biological questions about the regulatory and structural components of biofilm formation and understanding this process in a wide array of environmental, biotechnological, and medical contexts.
Clinical Validation of the Xpert MTB/RIF Test for Identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Acid-Fast Bacillus Smear-Positive MGIT Broth Cultures
Authors: Armstrong Derek T. , Fisher Stefanie , Totten Marissa , Schwartz Matthew , Gnanashanmugam Devasena , Parrish Nicole
Published: January 2022

The identification of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) from smear-positive broth cultures can be achieved using several methods, including both lab-developed and commercially available molecular assays. In the United States, a commercially available probe-based assay has been used for over a decade by many laboratories for identification of MTBC directly from acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive broth cultures, including those recovered from the MGIT 960 system.
The Protective Role of 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene–Melanin on Conidia of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus Revisited: No Role in Protection against Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxides
Authors: Keizer E. M. , Valdes I. D. , McCann B. L. , Bignell E. M. , Wösten H. A. B. , de Cock H.
Published: January 2022

Opportunistic pathogens likeAspergillus fumigatushave strategies to protect themselves against reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxides and superoxides that are produced by immune cells. DHN-melanin is the green pigment on conidia ofAspergillus fumigatusand more than 2 decades ago was reported to protect conidia against hydrogen peroxide.
Cyclosporine A Inhibits Viral Infection and Release as Well as Cytokine Production in Lung Cells by Three SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Fenizia Claudio , Galbiati Silvia , Vanetti Claudia , Vago Riccardo , Clerici Mario , Tacchetti Carlo , Daniele Tiziana
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is the most recently identified member of the betacoronavirus genus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Repurposing of available drugs has been a “quick and dirty” approach to try to reduce mortality and severe symptoms in affected patients initially, and can still represent an undeniable and valuable approach to face COVID-19 as the continuous appearance and rapid diffusion of more “aggressive”/transmissible variants, capable of eluding antibody neutralization, challenges the effectiveness of some anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
In Vitro
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptides from the Black Soldier Fly (
Hermetia Illucens
) against a Selection of Human Pathogens
Authors: Van Moll Laurence , De Smet Jeroen , Paas Anne , Tegtmeier Dorothee , Vilcinskas Andreas , Cos Paul , Van Campenhout Leen
Published: January 2022

With the ever growing antimicrobial resistance, finding new candidates for antimicrobial drug development is indispensable. Antimicrobial peptides have steadily gained attention as alternatives for conventional antibiotics, due to some highly desirable characteristics, such as their low propensity for resistance development.
Tectonic controls on Quaternary landscape evolution in the Ventura basin, southern California, USA, quantified using cosmogenic isotopes and topographic analyses
Authors: Hughes A. , Rood D.H. , DeVecchio D.E. , Whittaker A.C. , Bell R.E. , Wilcken K.M. , Corbett L.B. , Bierman P.R. , Swanson B.J. , Rockwell T.K.
Published: January 2022

The quantification of rates for the competing forces of tectonic uplift and erosion has important implications for understanding topographic evolution. Here, we quantify the complex interplay between tectonic uplift, topographic development, and erosion recorded in the hanging walls of several active reverse faults in the Ventura basin, southern California, USA. We use cosmogenic 26Al/10Be isochron burial dating and 10Be surface exposure dating to construct a basin-wide geochronology, which includes burial dating of the Saugus Formation: an important, but poorly dated, regional Quaternary strain marker. Our ages for the top of the exposed Saugus Formation range from 0.36 +0.18/-0.22 Ma to 1.06 +0.23/-0.26 Ma, and our burial ages near the base of shallow marine deposits, which underlie the Saugus Formation, increase eastward from 0.60 +0.05/-0.06 Ma to 3.30 +0.30/-0.41 Ma. Our geochronology is used to calculate rapid long-term reverse fault slip rates of 8.6–12.6 mm yr–1 since ca. 1.0 Ma for the San Cayetano fault and 1.3–3.0 mm yr–1 since ca. 1.0 Ma for the Oak Ridge fault, which are both broadly consistent with contemporary reverse slip rates derived from mechanical models driven by global positioning system (GPS) data. We also calculate terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN)-derived, catchment-averaged erosion rates that range from 0.05–1.14 mm yr–1 and discuss the applicability of TCN-derived, catchment-averaged erosion rates in rapidly uplifting, landslide-prone landscapes. We compare patterns in erosion rates and tectonic rates to fluvial response times and geomorphic landscape parameters to show that in young, rapidly uplifting mountain belts, catchments may attain a quasi-steady-state on timescales of <105 years even if catchment-averaged erosion rates are still adjusting to tectonic forcing.
Middle–Late Triassic southward-younging granitoids: Tectonic transition from subduction to collision in the Eastern Tianshan–Beishan Orogen, NW China
Authors: Mao Qigui , Ao Songjian , Windley Brian F. , Zhang Zhiyong , Sang Miao , Tan Zhou , Wang Hao , Li Rui , Xiao Wenjiao , Pan Zhuo
Published: January 2022

To constrain the closure mechanism and time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, we report new geochronological and geochemical data for Triassic granites along a NW–SE corridor from Eastern Tianshan to Beishan, NW China. Seven granites have U-Pb ages that young southwards from 245 Ma to 234 Ma in the Kanguer accretionary complex, to 237 Ma to 234 Ma in the eastern Central Tianshan block, to 229 Ma to 223 Ma in the Liuyuan accretionary complex. Granites in the Kanguer accretionary complex formed by fractional crystallization and are peraluminous, high-K, calc-alkaline, and crust-derived. They have very low MgO (Mg# = 6–9), Cr, and Ni contents, and their high εNd(t) (+3.40) and εHf(t) (+4.49 to +11.91) isotopes indicate that the Dananhu arc crust was juvenile. The Huaniushan pluton in the Liuyuan accretionary complex displays the geochemical signatures of both A1- and A2-type granites (Y/Nb = 0.32–3.39). All other granites in the Central Tianshan block and Liuyuan accretionary complex are aluminous A2-types with high K2O + Na2O, Al, rare earth elements (REE), Zr + Nb + Y, Ga, Fe/Mg, and Y/Nb and remarkable depletions of Eu, Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti. They have a broad range of MgO (Mg# = 9–59), Cr, and Ni contents, Isr (0.70741–0.70945) values, negative εNd (t) (−2.98 to −1.14), and low to moderate εHf(t) (−1.22 to +7.78), which suggests a mixture of mantle and crustal components. These 245–223 Ma granitoids show marked Nb-Ta depletions that point to a subduction origin. Notable enrichments in Nd-Hf isotopes of Late Triassic granites are likely an indication of collision. Integration with previous data enables us to conclude that the delamination of an oceanic slab and mantle upwelling induced partial melting of thickened arc crust during a tectonic transition from a multiple supra-subduction margin to a collisional setting in the Late Triassic.
A red bole zircon record of cryptic silicic volcanism in the Deccan Traps, India
Authors: O’Connor Liam , Szymanowski Dawid , Eddy Michael P. , Samperton Kyle M. , Schoene Blair
Published: January 2022

Silicic magmas within large igneous provinces (LIPs) are understudied relative to volumetrically dominant mafic magmas despite their prevalence and possible contribution to LIP-induced environmental degradation. In the 66 Ma Deccan LIP (India), evolved magmatism is documented, but its geographic distribution, duration, and significance remain poorly understood. Zircons deposited in weathered Deccan lava flow tops (“red boles”) offer a means of indirectly studying potentially widespread, silicic, explosive volcanism spanning the entire period of flood basalt eruptions. We explored this record through analysis of trace elements and Hf isotopes in zircon crystals previously dated by U–Pb geochronology. Our results show that zircon populations within individual red boles fingerprint distinct volcanic sources that likely developed in an intraplate setting on cratonic Indian lithosphere. However, our red bole zircon geochemical and isotopic characteristics do not match those from previously studied silicic magmatic centers, indicating that they must derive from yet undiscovered or understudied volcanic centers associated with the Deccan LIP.
Supplemental Material: Middle-lower crustal flow in response to the India-Eurasia collision: Structural evidence from the southern Chong Shan belt within the Sundaland block, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Junlai , al. et
Published: January 2022

S1: Analytical Methods; Table S1: Summary of Mineral assemblages, microstructures and temperature data; Table S2: Zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data of the granitic rocks from the Chong Shan structural belt.
Supplemental Material: Disequilibrium river networks dissecting the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, record significant late Cenozoic tilting and associated surface uplift
Authors: Beeson Helen W. , scottmccoy@unr.edu Scott W. McCoy
Published: January 2022

Figures S1–S12; Deviations of equations for knickpoint locations; kmz file.
Diagnostic reasoning in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Brush John E , Sherbino Jonathan , Norman Geoffrey R
Published: January 2022

Research in cognitive psychology shows that expert clinicians make a medical diagnosis through a two step process of hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing. Experts generate a list of possible diagnoses quickly and intuitively, drawing on previous experience. Experts remember specific examples of various disease categories as exemplars, which enables rapid access to diagnostic possibilities and gives them an intuitive sense of the base rates of various diagnoses. After generating diagnostic hypotheses, clinicians then test the hypotheses and subjectively estimate the probability of each diagnostic possibility by using a heuristic called anchoring and adjusting. Although both novices and experts use this two step diagnostic process, experts distinguish themselves as better diagnosticians through their ability to mobilize experiential knowledge in a manner that is content specific. Experience is clearly the best teacher, but some educational strategies have been shown to modestly improve diagnostic accuracy. Increased knowledge about the cognitive psychology of the diagnostic process and the pitfalls inherent in the process may inform clinical teachers and help learners and clinicians to improve the accuracy of diagnostic reasoning. This article reviews the literature on the cognitive psychology of diagnostic reasoning in the context of cardiovascular disease.
Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among liver transplant recipients
Authors: Becchetti Chiara , Broekhoven Annelotte G C , Dahlqvist Géraldine , Fraga Montserrat , Zambelli Marco Fabrizio , Ciccarelli Olga , Saouli Anne-Catherine , Trizzino Arianna , Banz Vanessa , Dufour Jean-François , Roukens Anna H E , Torres Morales Shessy P , Myeni Sebenzile K , Kikkert Marjolein , Feltkamp Mariet C W , Coenraad Minneke J
Published: January 2022

Objective

Immunosuppressive agents are known to interfere with T and/or B lymphocytes, which are required to mount an adequate serologic response. Therefore, we aim to investigate the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant (LT) recipients after COVID-19.

Design

Prospective multicentre case–control study, analysing antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein, spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 and their neutralising activity in LT recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19-LT) compared with immunocompetent patients (COVID-19-immunocompetent) and LT recipients without COVID-19 symptoms (non-COVID-19-LT).

Results

Overall, 35 LT recipients were included in the COVID-19-LT cohort. 35 and 70 subjects fulfilling the matching criteria were assigned to the COVID-19-immunocompetent and non-COVID-19-LT cohorts, respectively. We showed that LT recipients, despite immunosuppression and less symptoms, mounted a detectable antinucleocapsid antibody titre in 80% of the cases, although significantly lower compared with the COVID-19-immunocompetent cohort (3.73 vs 7.36 index level, p<0.001). When analysing anti-S antibody response, no difference in positivity rate was found between the COVID-19-LT and COVID-19-immunocompetent cohorts (97.1% vs 100%, p=0.314). Functional antibody testing showed neutralising activity in 82.9% of LT recipients (vs 100% in COVID-19-immunocompetent cohort, p=0.024).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the humoral response of LT recipients is only slightly lower than expected, compared with COVID-19 immunocompetent controls. Testing for anti-S antibodies alone can lead to an overestimation of the neutralising ability in LT recipients. Altogether, routine antibody testing against separate SARS-CoV-2 antigens and functional testing show that the far majority of LT patients are capable of mounting an adequate antibody response with neutralising ability.
Synthesis, growth and characterization of L-Leucine Magnesium Nitrate Hexahydrate crystal
Authors: Bhambere Chandrashekhar M. , Durge N. G.
Published: January 2022

L-Leucine Magnesium Nitrate HexaHydrate ([Formula: see text]) crystal is a nonlinear optical (NLO) material of semiorganic type. It has grown using a slow evaporation solution growth (SEST) technique at elevated temperature (40∘C) by dissolving LL+MNHH in double distilled water. It was crystalized and recrystalized from a supersaturated solution by stirring it for several hours to get high optical perfection. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the presence of the intermixed compound in the [Formula: see text] crystal and possess monoclinic structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum identified the functional groups of the grown crystal. The crystal has very good optical absorption and transparency in the UV–Vis region. The thermal analysis revealed the thermal stability of the crystal. The dielectric study shows that dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease at higher frequencies. The crystal showed nonlinear property by second-harmonic generation (SHG) study. This type of material with fair nonlinearity is useful in optoelectronics application devices.
A Practical Tutorial on Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Ward Isaac Ronald , Joyner Jack , Lickfold Casey , Guo Yulan , Bennamoun Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently grown in popularity in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) due to their unique ability to ingest relatively unstructured data types as input data. Although some elements of the GNN architecture are conceptually similar in operation to traditional neural networks (and neural network variants), other elements represent a departure from traditional deep learning techniques. This tutorial exposes the power and novelty of GNNs to AI practitioners by collating and presenting details regarding the motivations, concepts, mathematics, and applications of the most common and performant variants of GNNs. Importantly, we present this tutorial concisely, alongside practical examples, thus providing a practical and accessible tutorial on the topic of GNNs.
A Survey of Oblivious Transfer Protocol
Authors: Yadav Vijay Kumar , Andola Nitish , Verma Shekhar , Venkatesan S.
Published: January 2022

Oblivious transfer (OT) protocol is an essential tool in cryptography that provides a wide range of applications such as secure multi-party computation, private information retrieval, private set intersection, contract signing, and privacy-preserving location-based services. The OT protocol has different variants such as one-out-of-2, one-out-of-
n
,
k
-out-of-
n
, and OT extension. In the OT (one-out-of-2, one-out-of-
n
, and OT extension) protocol, the sender has a set of messages, whereas the receiver has a key. The receiver sends that key to the sender in a secure way; the sender cannot get any information about the received key. The sender encrypts every message by operating on every message using the received key and sends all the encrypted messages to the receiver. The receiver is able to extract only the required message using his key. However, in the
k
-out-of-
n
OT protocol, the receiver sends a set of
k
keys to the sender, and in replay, the sender sends all the encrypted messages. The receiver uses his keys and extracts the required messages, but it cannot gain any information about the messages that it has not requested. Generally, the OT protocol requires high communication and computation cost if we transfer millions of oblivious messages. The OT extension protocol provides a solution for this, where the receiver transfers a set of keys to the sender by executing a few numbers of OT protocols. Then, the sender encrypts all the messages using cheap symmetric key cryptography with the help of a received set of keys and transfers millions of oblivious messages to the receiver. In this work, we present different variants of OT protocols such as one-out-of-2, one-out-of-
n
,
k
-out-of-
n
, and OT extension. Furthermore, we cover various aspects of theoretical security guarantees such as semi-honest and malicious adversaries, universally composable, used techniques, computation, and communication efficiency aspects. From the analysis, we found that the semi-honest adversary-based OT protocols required low communication and computation costs as compared to malicious adversary-based OT protocols.
The Elements of End-to-end Deep Face Recognition: A Survey of Recent Advances
Authors: Du Hang , Shi Hailin , Zeng Dan , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Mei Tao
Published: January 2022

Face recognition (FR) is one of the most popular and long-standing topics in computer vision. With the recent development of deep learning techniques and large-scale datasets, deep face recognition has made remarkable progress and has been widely used in many real-world applications. Given a natural image or video frame as input, an end-to-end deep face recognition system outputs the face feature for recognition. To achieve this, a typical end-to-end system is built with three key elements: face detection, face alignment, and face representation. Face detection locates faces in the image or frame. Then, the face alignment is proceeded to calibrate the faces to the canonical view and crop them with a normalized pixel size. Finally, in the stage of face representation, the discriminative features are extracted from the aligned face for recognition. Nowadays, all of the three elements are fulfilled by the technique of deep convolutional neural network. In this survey article, we present a comprehensive review about the recent advance of each element of the end-to-end deep face recognition, since the thriving deep learning techniques have greatly improved their capability of them. To start with, we present an overview of the end-to-end deep face recognition. Then, we review the advance of each element, respectively, covering many aspects such as the to-date algorithm designs, evaluation metrics, datasets, performance comparison, existing challenges, and promising directions for future research. Also, we provide a detailed discussion about the effect of each element on its subsequent elements and the holistic system. Through this survey, we wish to bring contributions in two aspects: first, readers can conveniently identify the methods which are quite strong-baseline style in the subcategory for further exploration; second, one can also employ suitable methods for establishing a state-of-the-art end-to-end face recognition system from scratch.
Simulating the Influence of Supporting Electrolyte Concentration on Copper Electrodeposition in Microvias
Authors: Braun T. M. , John J. , Jayaraju N. , Josell D. , Moffat T. P.
Published: January 2022

Robust, void-free Cu electrodeposition in high-aspect ratio features relies on careful tuning of electrolyte additives, concentrations, and electrochemical parameters for a given feature dimension or wafer pattern. Typically, Cu electrodeposition in electronics manufacturing of microscale or larger features (i.e., microvias, through-holes, and high-density interconnects) employs a CuSO4–H2SO4 electrolyte containing millimolar levels of chloride and, at a minimum, micromolar levels of a polyether suppressor. Research and optimization efforts have largely focused on the relationship between electrolyte additives and growth morphology, with less attention given to the impact of supporting electrolyte. Accordingly, a computational study exploring the influence of supporting electrolyte on Cu electrodeposition in microvias is presented herein. The model builds upon prior experimental and computational research on localized Cu deposition by incorporating the full charge conservation equation with electroneutrality to describe potential variation in the presence of ionic gradients. In accord with experimental observations, simulations predict enhanced current localization to the microvia bottom as H2SO4 concentration is decreased. This phenomenon derives from enhanced electromigration within recessed features that accompanies the decrease of conductivity with local metal ion depletion. This beneficial aspect of low acid electrolytes is also impacted by feature density, CuSO4 concentration, and the extent of convective transport.
Big Data Optimization and Applications in Running Efficiency of Higher Education
Authors: Lu Mingxia
Published: January 2022

The world is undergoing great changes that have not been seen at present; colleges and universities can only adapt to social development with a more active and open attitude. Meanwhile, colleges and universities strive to obtain more social resources during the process of gradually embedding social funds into the operation system of universities. In such a backdrop, we establish an optimization model for university running efficiency under limited funds, where the objective function is quadratic and restraint condition is linear. With the help of optimization theory, we have obtained the optimal solution of this optimization model and put forward corresponding suggestions to improve the running efficiency of higher education.
Analysis of the Role of Comprehensive Treatment Model in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yang Shuai , Guan Han , Chen Zhijun , Wang Sheng , Wu Hongliang , Zhong Weide
Published: January 2022

The incidence of prostate cancer is gradually increasing. There are many methods for clinical treatment of prostate cancer, such as surgical treatment and endocrine treatment. In the case of advanced prostate cancer, we must not only extend patients’ survival times but also enhance their quality of life. Endocrine medications are the most effective therapy for advanced prostate cancer. This research will investigate the therapeutic impact of a complete treatment model in prostate cancer in order to discover a trustworthy clinical treatment model. This research discovered that, as compared to endocrine treatment, radical resection of prostate cancer may diminish and reach lower serum PSA levels in a short amount of time, as well as sustain low PSA levels and delay progression to castration resistance. Moreover, the comprehensive treatment mode can effectively reduce the possibility of complications. The research results show that the comprehensive treatment model can play an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
The Performance of Different AgTiO2 Loading into Poly(3-Nitrothiophene) for Efficient Adsorption of Hazardous Brilliant Green and Crystal Violet Dyes
Authors: Alqarni Sara A.
Published: January 2022

The in-situ polymerization technology was used to successfully produce nanostructured binary nanocomposites (NCs) made from a poly (3-nitrothiophen) matrix (P3NT) that were loaded effectively with nanoparticles (NPs) of silver titanium dioxide (AgTiO2), of varying percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%). A uniform coating of P3NT covers the AgTiO2 NPs. Various methods were performed to confirm the fabrication of the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NCs adsorbents, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Both dyes (brilliant green (B.G.) and crystal violet (C.V.)) were removed from liquid media by using the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NCs. A range of batch adsorption studies was used to optimize various factors that impact the elimination of B.G. or C.V. dyes, including the pH, weight of the binary P3NT/AgTiO2 NC, proportion of AgTiO2 NP, time, and temperature. The pseudo-second-order kinetics (

R

2

=
0.999

) was better adapted for the adsorption procedure’s empirical data whereby the maximum adsorption capacity of the C.V. dye was 43.10 mg/g and (

R

2

=
0.996

) the maximum adsorption potential was 40.16 mg/g for B.G. dye, succeeded by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, the adhesion of B.G. and C.V. pigments on the layers of NCs involves an endothermic reaction. In addition, the concocted adsorbent not only exhibited strong adsorption characteristics during four consecutive cycles but also possessed a higher potential for its reuse. According to the findings, the NCs might possibly be used as a robust and reusable adsorbent to remove B.G. and C.V. pigments from an aqueous medium.
Comparative Study of Abiotic Stress Factors on GC-MS-Detected Phytoconstituents of Aloe greatheadii var: davyana Using Heat Map and Hierarchical Clustering Dendrogram
Authors: Nthai Denga , Thibane Vuyisile Samuel , Gololo Sechene Stanley
Published: January 2022

Aloe greatheadii var. davyana or spotted aloe is indigenous to South Africa and widely distributed in the northern provinces. The plant has a vast ethnopharmacological application which is mostly attributed to its phytochemical content. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of abiotic stress factors on the plant’s phytochemical content. The phytochemical content of A. greatheadii hexane extracts from four different provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and North West), harvested from the wild at varied altitudes, rainfall patterns, and soil types, was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS). The phytochemical content of hexane extracts from the four South African provinces was analysed using heat map analysis and hierarchical clustering dendrogram. The phytochemical content of A. greatheadii hexane extracts was composed of fatty acids, alkanes, benzene, carboxylic acids, ketones, phytosterols, and vitamins. Eicosane, henicosane, and [(2S)-2-[(2R)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] hexadecanoate were the only compounds detected in all samples from the four provinces. The concentration levels of 2-(((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)carbonyl) benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, tritetracontane, and ethyl 13-methyltetradecanoate were closely related and expressed a low clustering distance amongst the samples. Variations in soil pH, soil type, and rainfall patterns were detected and differed in the four provinces. The different abiotic stress factors affected the biochemical pathways for the different compounds, with conditions in Gauteng being less favourable for many of the compounds detected. Abiotic stress factors have shown to influence phytochemical biochemical pathways and quantity. Aloe greatheadii plants can be selected based on location seemingly due to the variations that persist in their phytochemical content.
Osteotome-Induced Blood Clot and Subsequent Bone Formation with the Use of Collagen Sponge for Integration of Single Dental Implants into the Atrophied Posterior Maxilla: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 36 Implants after 5 to 13 years
Authors: Volpe Stefano , Di Girolamo Michele , Pagliani Paolo , Zicari Sandro , Sennerby Lars
Published: January 2022

Background. Atrophy of the posterior maxilla as a consequence of tooth loss and sinus pneumatization is a frequent condition encountered in the clinical practice. Prosthetic rehabilitation with implants in these patients often requires some kind of bone regeneration procedure to increase the bone volume. Aim. The aim of the present retrospective study is to analyze the survival and success rates of a series of implants placed in the atrophic posterior maxilla with a transcrestal osteotome procedure, without placing a bone grafting material. Materials and Methods. From 2006 to 2014, 36 dental implants (Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, UK) were inserted in 36 patients with at least 4 mm of bone below the maxillary sinus using transcrestal osteotome sinus floor elevation and placement of collagen sponge below the sinus membrane. ISQ measurements were made after implant placement and at abutment surgery after 4 to 6 months. The vertical bone height (VBH) was evaluated in intraoral radiographs taken prior to surgery and in radiographs from annual check-up appointments 5 to 13 years after implant placement. In addition, marginal bone loss (MBL) was evaluated. Results. One implant was lost after four years of prosthetic loading. The remaining 35 implants showed no complications and were loaded with single crowns after 4–6 months of healing. All 35 implants showed clinical success after 8.5 ± 2.8 years of prosthetic loading (from 5 to 13 years). The vertical bone height was 5.9 ± 1.4 mm at surgery, 9.7 ± 1.1 mm at second surgery after 4–6 months, and 8.3 ± 1.8 at the follow-up at 8.5 ± 2.8 years (from 5 to 13 years). The implant stability registered was 73.2 ± 6.2 ISQ at the surgery and 75.8 ± 3.9 at the second surgery after 4–6 months. Conclusions. The present long-term follow-up study showed that the crestal approach for sinus floor bone augmentation without additional bone grafting results in predicable bone formation and high implant survival. The osteotome technique is a valid alternative to the more invasive lateral window technique in single cases with a minimum of 4 mm of VBH below the maxillary sinus.
Modelling on Car‐Sharing Serial Prediction Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Brahimi Nihad , Zhang Huaping , Dai Lin , Zhang Jianzi
Published: January 2022

The car‐sharing system is a popular rental model for cars in shared use. It has become particularly attractive due to its flexibility; that is, the car can be rented and returned anywhere within one of the authorized parking slots. The main objective of this research work is to predict the car usage in parking stations and to investigate the factors that help to improve the prediction. Thus, new strategies can be designed to make more cars on the road and fewer in the parking stations. To achieve that, various machine learning models, namely vector autoregression (VAR), support vector regression (SVR), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), k‐nearest neighbors (kNN), and deep learning models specifically long short‐time memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN‐LSTM, and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were performed on different kinds of features. These features include the past usage levels, Chongqing’s environmental conditions, and temporal information. After comparing the obtained results using different metrics, we found that CNN‐LSTM outperformed other methods to predict the future car usage. Meanwhile, the model using all the different feature categories results in the most precise prediction than any of the models using one feature category at a time
I Want to Become a Teacher because…? Student-Teachers Change in Attitudes of Becoming Teachers in Austria and Kosovo
Authors: Kaçaniku Fjolla , Maderbacher Irene , Erhard Franz , Saqipi Blerim
Published: January 2022

The motivation for career choice motivation of student-teachers is a well-studied topic with a representative theoretical basis in teacher education research that has a long-standing tradition in the international research landscape. However, in understanding the pressing questions of why young people choose to become teachers, only a few longitudinal and comparative studies have been carried out that focus on the development of motivation for choosing a teaching career. This longitudinal study reports on the effects of time within initial teacher education and how it influences student-teacher attitudes and motives about the teaching profession. This article is a product of a larger study that aims at addressing the existing literature gap by examining student-teacher change in attitudes of becoming teachers in Austria and Kosovo starting from initial teacher education, during early stages of their teaching career as novice teachers, and to more advanced stages of their teaching career. This is a panel study located within a longitudinal design. In this study, a questionnaire and student-teacher reflection texts were used as instruments. Data were collected in three phases during which 673 student-teachers participated in face-to-face administered questionnaire as follows: 341 (phase 1), 185 (phase 2), and 147 (phase 3), as well as 19 student-teacher reflections. Questionnaire data were analysed using the general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures test, whereas the reflection text data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings in this longitudinal study provide evidence that student-teacher attitudes and motives for becoming teachers can change over time during the initial teacher education in Austria and Kosovo, and they can be influenced by in-school experiences during teaching practice. The study concludes that motives for choosing a teaching career are primarily intrinsic, are not time-stable, and change over the course of studies. The study findings have clear implications for initial teacher education programs in addressing changes in student-teachers’ attitudes of becoming teachers. The insights gained from the findings of this study lead to recommendations that initial teacher education programs should strengthen teaching practice to better manage the preparation of students and teachers and their entry into the teaching profession.
Una propuesta constitucional para garantizar un servicio civil profesional e imparcial para Chile
Authors: Abarzúa Eduardo , Rajevic Enrique
Published: January 2022

Si bien en las últimas décadas se han logrado avances muy importantes en materia de modernización de la gestión pública y del aparato administrativo estatal, lo cierto es que en muchos ámbitos su quehacer sigue siendo deficiente. De hecho, su incapacidad para enfrentar y resolver problemas ciudadanos fue parte de los detonantes del estallido social de octubre de 2019, y ha contribuido a la falta de equidad social y la desconfianza en las instituciones públicas. Se trata entonces de un fenómeno que se ha ido profundizando, independiente de los gobiernos de turno. En este andar se ha demostrado la ineficacia de las normas constitucionales que, en teoría, apostaban por un modelo de carrera que ha quedado desplazado, en los hechos, por un modelo frágil e inestable que ha favorecido el clientelismo y perjudicado la continuidad de las políticas públicas más allá de cada gobierno. Continuar leyendo...
Chromatin Remodeling Induced by ARID1A Loss in Lung Cancer Promotes Glycolysis and Confers JQ1 Vulnerability
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Li Zhi , Wang Zhongmin , Liu Fei , Zhang Linling , Ke Jingjing , Xu Xu , Zhang Yuefang , Yuan Yiting , Wei Tao , Shan Qungang , Chen Yingjie , Huang Wei , Gao Jie , Wu Nan , Chen Fuliang , Sun Lunquan , Qiu Zilong , Deng Yuezhen , Wang Xiaojing
Published: January 2022

ARID1A is a key mammalian SWI/SNF complex subunit that is mutated in 5% to 11% of lung cancers. Although recent studies have elucidated the mechanism underlying dysregulation of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complexes in cancers, the significance of ARID1A loss and its implications in lung cancers remain poorly defined. This study investigates how ARID1A loss affects initiation and progression of lung cancer. In genetically engineered mouse models bearing mutant Kras and a deficient Trp53 allele (KP), ARID1A loss (KPA) promoted lung tumorigenesis. Analysis of the transcriptome profiles of KP and KPA tumors suggested enhanced glycolysis following ARID1A loss, and expression of the glycolytic regulators Pgam1, pyruvate kinase M (Pkm), and Pgk1 was significantly increased in ARID1A-deficient lung tumors. Furthermore, ARID1A loss increased chromatin accessibility and enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) binding to the promoter regions of Pgam1, Pkm, and Pgk1. Loss of ARID1A in lung adenocarcinoma also resulted in loss of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) recruitment, increasing acetylation of histone-4 lysine at the promoters of Pgam1, Pkm, and Pgk1, and subsequently enhancing BRD4-driven transcription of these genes. Metabolic analyses confirmed that glycolysis is enhanced in ARID1A-deficient tumors, and genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of glycolysis inhibited lung tumorigenesis in KPA mice. Treatment with the small molecule bromodomain and extraterminal protein (BET) inhibitor JQ1 compromised both initiation and progression of ARID1A-deficient lung adenocarcinoma. ARID1A negatively correlated with glycolysis-related genes in human lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, ARID1A loss leads to metabolic reprogramming that supports tumorigenesis but also confers a therapeutic vulnerability that could be harnessed to improve the treatment of ARID1A-deficient lung cancer.

Significance:

This study links ARID1A loss with enhanced glycolysis in lung cancer and demonstrates the preclinical efficacy of BET inhibitor therapy as a strategy to combat tumor growth.
Educational Attainment, Race, and Ethnicity as Predictors for Ideal Cardiovascular Health: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Johnson Amber E. , Herbert Brandon M. , Stokes Natalie , Brooks Maria M. , Needham Belinda L. , Magnani Jared W.
Published: January 2022

Background

Educational attainment is protective for cardiovascular health (CVH), but the benefits of education may not persist across racial and ethnic groups. Our objective was to determine whether the association between educational attainment and ideal CVH differs by race and ethnicity in a nationally representative sample.

Methods and Results

Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we determined the distribution of ideal CVH, measured by Life’s Simple 7, across levels of educational attainment. We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression to assess the association between educational attainment (less than high school, high school graduate, some college, college graduate) and Life’s Simple 7 category (ideal, intermediate, poor), by race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White). Covariates were age, sex, history of cardiovascular disease, health insurance, access to health care, and income–poverty ratio. Of 7771 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants with complete data, as level of educational attainment increased, the criteria for ideal health were more often met for most metrics. After adjustment for covariates, effect of education was attenuated but remained significant (
P
<0.01). Those with at least a college degree had 4.12 times the odds of having an ideal Life’s Simple 7 compared with less than high school (95% CI, 2.70–5.08). Among all racial and ethnic groups, as level of educational attainment increased, so did Life’s Simple 7. The magnitude of the association between education and CVH varied by race and ethnicity (interaction
P
<0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that educational attainment has distinct associations with ideal CVH that differs by race and ethnicity. This work demonstrates the need to elucidate barriers preventing individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups from achieving equitable CVH.
Sex Differences in Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Fuentes Angelica M. , Stone McGuire Laura , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh
Published: January 2022

Sex differences in cerebral aneurysm occurrence and characteristics have been well described. Although sex differences in outcomes following ischemic stroke have been identified, the effect of sex on outcomes following hemorrhagic stroke, and in particular, aneurysm treatment has been less studied. We describe the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of sex on treatment and outcomes of cerebral aneurysms. Although prior studies suggest that aneurysm prevalence and progression may be related to sex, we did not find clear evidence that outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage vary based on sex. Last, we identify areas for future research that could enhance understanding of the role sex plays in this context.
Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific)
Authors: BISPO ANDRÉ , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , HAJDU EDUARDO
Published: January 2022

The Peruvian coast is certainly one of the poorest studied areas in the world for marine sponges biodiversity, with only 20 species registered so far from over 2,400 km coastline. In spite of its great species richness worldwide, there is not a single record of Haplosclerida in Peru. Accordingly, in this study we aimed to describe the species belonging to this order present in the relatively recent collections undertaken along the Peruvian coast by two of us (PhW, EH). Here, we describe fourteen new species, provisionally endemic to the Peruvian coast. This finding represents a major addition to the knowledge of the biodiversity of sponges along the Peruvian coast, increasing the list of species known to occur in this area by about 68%. This is also the largest single proposal of new Haplosclerida in over 37 years of sponge taxonomy worldwide. Niphates is for the first time recorded in the Southeastern Pacific, and an identification key to the Haplosclerida from the Peruvian coast is provided. Regarding the distribution of the described species, most of them—except for Chalinula chelysa sp. nov.—have a narrow geographic range, which might indicate their rarity or that the haplosclerid fauna in Peru is still poorly known.