bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CALOTROPIS PROCERA COMO MATÉRIA-PRIMA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Anjos Raoni Batista dos , Anjos Aécia Seleide Dantas dos , Costa Emily Cintia Tossi de Araújo , Hilário Larissa Sobral , Frota Tarcila Maria Pinheiro , Gondim Amanda Duarte , Silva Djalma Ribeiro da
Published: September 2024

Os biocombustíveis são alternativas renováveis globalmente aceitas aos combustíveis fósseis. O biodiesel pode ser derivado de várias matérias-primas à base de plantas usando tecnologias de conversão convencionais e avançadas. No entanto, o uso de matérias-primas vegetais convencionais de primeira geração cria um conflito “alimento versus combustível” através da competição com a agricultura por terras aráveis e recursos de água doce. Nesse sentido, a Calotropis procera (CP) apresenta vantagens como matéria-prima para a produção de biocombustíveis líquidos, por ser uma planta invasora no Brasil e de grandes populações. É uma espécie arbustiva perene, que cresce em uma variedade de ambientes, incluindo habitats secos, como o semiárido brasileiro. Além disso, os rendimentos dos biocombustíveis à base de CP são relativamente altos, e os biocombustíveis têm ótimas propriedades químicas e físicas. Neste trabalho foi realizado uma revisão, resumimos o status da pesquisa de biodiesel usando matéria-prima Calotropis procera.
SÍNTESE DE BIOHIDROCARBONETOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE COMBUSTÍVEIS DROP-IN A PARTIR DO ÓLEO DE CRAMBE
Authors: Campos Thales S. , Fortes Isabel C. P. , Oliveira Henrique S. , Pasa Vânya M. D.
Published: September 2024

Este trabalho propõe a utilização do óleo de crambe, previamente saponificado para a redução de seu padrão de oxigenação, para síntese de biohidrocarbonetos, objetivando a formulação de biocombustíveis drop-in. Para tal foi utilizada a pirólise catalítica como rota de conversão. Foi utilizado o catalisador de nióbio e os resultados mostram que a pirólise do sabão, realizada à 550 °C por 120 min, promoveu maior desoxigenação do produto obtido e um pequeno aumento na quantidade de compostos parafínicos. Merece destacar que o maior percentual de compostos produzidos no líquido pirolisado do sabão não catalisado (50%) apresentou faixa de cadeia carbônica referente aos combustíveis de diesel, e a segunda maior parte (33%) em compostos com cadeia semelhante às do querosene. A adição do catalisador promoveu um maior craqueamento das cadeias carbônicas, produzindo então maior percentual em compostos com cadeias similares ao querosene (42%) e à gasolina (32%).
ELETRODESCARBOXILAÇÃO DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS
Authors: Bento Júlia C. C. V. , Silva Maria do Socorro Bezerra da , Araújo Jhudson Guilherme Leandro de , Cavalcanti Lívia N. , Gondim Amanda
Published: September 2024

A eletrossíntese orgânica fornece opções de protocolos reacionais cada vez mais atrativos para realizar reações redox de modo mais sustentável. A descarboxilação de ácidos biogênicos através da reação de (não-)Kolbe tem se estabelecido como uma estratégia versátil para produzir compostos de valor para a indústria química e de combustível a partir de matérias-primas renováveis. No contexto dos biocombustíveis, hidrocarbonetos e oxigenados bioderivados têm apresentado propriedades promissoras que os qualificam como alternativas interessantes para reduzir a emissão de poluentes atmosféricos sem prejudicar o desempenho do combustível ao qual são adicionados. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de descarboxilação eletroquímica de ácidos graxos constituintes das principais matérias-primas utilizadas para produzir biocombustíveis. O método apresentou elevada eficiência para descarboxilar ácidos graxos e misturas, sem a necessidade de catalisadores à base de metais, aditivos ou reagentes redutores. Utilizando eletrodos de grafite, a temperatura e pressão ambiente, os substratos foram convertidos quantitativamente (conversão 97-100%) em misturas compostas por 19-36% de alquenos com 11-17 carbonos. De acordo com esses resultados, o protocolo demonstrou elevado potencial para funcionar como alternativa às abordagens termocatalíticas, fornecendo hidrocarbonetos renováveis em condições reacionais limpas e mais amenas.
HIDROTERMÓLISE: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Brito Luana Gabriela Costa , Souza Maria Vitória Ferreira de , Sousa Jéssica Nicole Barros de , Araújo Aruzza Mabel de Morais , Gondim Amanda Duarte , Silva Djalma Ribeiro da
Published: September 2024

Objetivando o constante desenvolvimento das energias renováveis, e ligando-se ainda a urgência pela redução dos gases poluentes na atmosfera, vigentes tecnologias vêm sendo desenvolvidas para ao emprego e aplicação das energias renováveis. Dentro do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, destaca-se a hidrotermólise catalítica, esta que caracteriza-se por ser um processo hidrotérmico, realizado em elevadas temperaturas e pressões ocasionando as possíveis transformações da matéria, na qual deseja-se converter, e ainda por ser trabalhada em altas pressões a alteração de fase é impossibilitada, ofertando diversas vantagens em termos de eficiência energética. Portanto, neste enquadramento, o objetivo do presente trabalho é referir e evidenciar a nova rota de produção de hidrotermólise catalítica para a obtenção de biocombustíveis, tendo em vista que através dela, pode-se ter uma série de vantagens em relação as outras rotas de produção, favorecendo o desenvolvimento do setor.
THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH POLYMERIZATION USING EQUATION OF STATE AND
𝚽−𝚽MODELING OF PHASES APPROACH, FOR PREDICTING PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS.
Authors: Souza Délio Barroso de , Soares Ricardo Reis
Published: September 2024

The Fischer – Tropsch polymerization is study worldwide mainly due to possibility of production of alternative fuels from natural resources like waste of agricultural crops, wood harvesting, and even urban waste. So that, we aim study find an appropriate range of thermodynamics conditions would make feasible production of interested hydrocarbons (C8 – C12 for gasoline and kerosene of aviation, C13 – C17 for diesel, C18+ for waxes). Combine two different equations of state – Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong, for thermodynamically describing of phases, and the Φ−Φ for phase equilibrium, we approached this situation as a minimization Gibbs Energy problem. After Carrying out simulations in the temperature ranging of 200 – 400 °C and pressure ranging of 10 – 30 bar, we found out this system favorable for alkanes and alcohol production as pressure increase and it is unfavorable to it as temperature increase.
VALORIZAÇÃO DO GLICEROL ATRAVÉS DA DESIDRATAÇÃO EM PRODUTOS DE MAIOR VALOR AGREGADO EMPREGANDO ZEÓLITA BETA HIERARQUIZADA POR TRATAMENTO ALCALINO
Authors: Oliveira Daniele S. , Braga Tiago P. , Sachse Alexander , Caldeira Vinícius P. S. , Pergher Sibele B.C.
Published: September 2024

Para o desenvolvimento sustentável da indústria de biodiesel, a valorização do glicerol é fundamental, mirando benefícios econômicos e ambientais. Assim, o uso da zeólita Beta e Beta hierarquizada na desidratação de glicerol é uma alternativa promissora, devido as suas propriedades como alta área específica, elevada estabilidade térmica e hidrotérmica e acidez de Lewis e Brønsted. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar mesoporos na zeólita Beta afim de obter estrutura zeolítica hierarquizada por um método econômico e fácil, e avaliar sua atividade catalítica na reação de desidratação de glicerol visando a obtenção de produtos de maior valor agregado. As amostras hierarquizadas foram obtidas através do tratamento alcalino com NH4OH, na presença e ausência do surfactante brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio (CTAB). As amostras hierarquizadas sem CTAB apresentaram formação de mesoporos com ampla distribuição de tamanho de poros. Já as amostras hierarquizadas com CTAB exibiram mesoporos ordenados controlados. Tais materiais demostraram ser promissores na reação de desidratação do glicerol, obtendo como produtos principais ácido acético (32,48%) e ácido propanoico (43,70%), essas amostras também foi seletiva a acetol (16,68%) e álcool alélico (7,17%).
PROJEÇÃO ACERCA DA OFERTA E DA DEMANDA DO SAF NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Bárbara Borges de , Marreco Juliana , Costa Marcos Oliveira
Published: September 2024

O estudo que segue tem como objetivo principal abordar e realizar projeções acerca da ofeta e demanda do SAF no Brasil com foco em diminuição de emissões de CO2 provenientes de voos internacionais.
OBTENÇÃO DA ZEÓLITA H-ZSM-5 COM FOCO NA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOQUEROSENE
Authors: Silva Gabriel Joaquim Santos , Sousa Jessica Nicole Barros de , Macedo Mayara Lopes Gundim de , Rocha Sérgio Antonio de Paiva , Gondim Amanda Duarte , Araújo Aruzza Mabel de Morais
Published: September 2024

É de conhecimento popular que a produção global de biocombustíveis tem crescido em níveis elevados nos últimos anos. Os mais diversos fatores que justificam essa evolução produtiva em ritmo exponencial podem ser associados também à forma com que a tecnologia acompanhou esse progresso, sendo as pesquisas laboratoriais responsáveis diretas pelo aprimoramento das técnicas que viabilizam a inserção desses produtos no mercado com um maior valor agregado. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de novos catalisadores heterogêneos demarca o período de busca por diversas rotas reacionais que possam produzir combustível a partir de diferentes matérias-primas. Um exemplo disso é a zeólita ZSM-5, presente na indústria do petróleo desde 1975, mas que tem sido aplicada também nos biocombustíveis graças a algumas de suas propriedades. Partindo dessa premissa, o presente trabalho abordou a síntese e a caracterização da ZSM-5 em sua forma ácida (H-ZSM-5) com foco no uso deste catalisador nas etapas de desidratação e oligomerização, fundamentais no processo Alcohol-to-jet (ATJ), que visa a conversão de álcoois em bioquerosene de aviação.
ANÁLISE DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO QUÍMICAS DA DISPERSÃO DE DIESEL EM ÁGUA DOCE
Authors: Júnior Hélio Cunegundes dos Santos , Hilário Larissa Sobral , Anjos Raoni Batista dos , Morais Aruzza Mabel de , Gondim Amanda Duarte
Published: September 2024

Desastres envolvendo o contato de substâncias químicas tóxicas com o meio ambiente são muito frequentes, como derramamentos acidentais de combustíveis e biocombustíveis. Estudos que sinalizam as melhores opções de combustíveis para o mercado e o meio ambiente, são de fundamental importância. Neste trabalho, foi possível simular a dispersão de diesel S500, nas condições normais de temperatura e pressão em água doce. Os resultados alcançados apontaram a identificação dos principais parâmetros: TOG, TOC, viscosidade e turbidez. Levando em consideração a resolução do CONAMA - (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) de número 357, de 2007, a qual dispõe sobre a classificação dos corpos de água e diretrizes ambientais para o seu enquadramento, bem como estabelece as condições e padrões de lançamento de efluentes, e dá outras providências. Esse trabalho também evidencia a confiabilidade dos métodos utilizados e sua aplicabilidade nas amostras de águas contaminadas provenientes do escoamento superficial, como também, aponta que entre os estudos dinâmico e estático do diesel S500, o dinâmico apresenta as maiores taxas de toxicidade para o meio ambiente.
Os Governos subnacionais brasileiros no Mercosul : balanço, perspectivas e uma proposta de relançamento
Authors: Junqueira Cairo Gabriel Borges
Published: September 2024

A importância da integração regional para os governos subnacionais é observada desde a criação do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul). O movimento municipalista de cunho internacional estreitou laços por meio da criação da Rede de Cidades do Mercosul (Mercocidades) em 1995. Quase dez anos depois, foi criado o Foro Consultivo de Municípios, Estados Federados, Províncias e Departamentos do Mercosul (FCCR). Ao longo do tempo, essa inserção internacional de governos subnacionais – conhecida por paradiplomacia – no entorno regional apresentou-se como um processo de idas e vindas, avanços e retrocessos. Se, por um lado, a Mercocidades se manteve ativa por ser uma organização autônoma sem vínculos formais com o Mercosul, por outro o FCCR tornou-se inoperante e, em 2019, passou a ser uma instância não permanente do bloco regional. Por que esses movimentos ocorreram? O artigo objetiva analisar o histórico das instituições de representação subnacional na região, procurando verificar o envolvimento de determinados entes federativos brasileiros – governos estaduais e municipais, além de associações de representação municipal – na Mercocidades e no FCCR. Tendo como base revisão bibliográfica, aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas, o artigo encerra apontando possibilidades de fortalecimento de internacionalização subnacional via Mercosul, incluindo o relançamento do FCCR.
Irk Ferenc: Kétkedő kriminológia
Authors: Buza Gábor Attila
Published: September 2024

The author reviews Professor Irk’s monograph on recent developments in criminology.
A közvetlenség elve és a hallgató vádlott
Authors: Cséffai Attila Csaba
Published: September 2024

Following an historical overview, the author reviews how the principle of immediacy, particularly concerning testimonies can be understood in Hungary.
Portrait of the
transclasse
as a White man: class and race in French contemporary literature
Authors: Ruhe Cornelia
Published: September 2024

This article examines unacknowledged influence of “
beur
literature” (literature produced by second-generation French writers from North African descent) on Hexagonal literature. Whereas at the time of their publication in the 1980s works by authors such as Azouz Begag or Abdellatif Chaouite were dismissed as ethnographic texts largely devoid of artistic value, their autofictional status being invoked as an argument against their literary worth, since the turn of the century, White writers such as Annie Ernaux and Édouard Louis have exemplified and championed the formal significance and political relevance of auto-ethnographies associated with the major new trend of “littérature de terrain” or “littérature d’intervention” in French literature. The article unpacks the changes in critical discourse attendant to the different types of reception afforded texts written by
beur
authors against those signed by their “French” peers. “Autosociobiographies” enjoy tremendous success when they are published by writers who identify as belonging to the ethnically White majority, thus subtending the dominant ideology of French Republicanism predicated on class matters and “la fracture sociale” to the detriment of the debate around racial and ethnic issues stemming from “la fracture coloniale.”
Solitary folded-winged wasps of the genus Zethus Fabricius (Vespidae, Zethinae) parasitised by two new species of Strepsiptera on different continents
Authors: Benda Daniel , Pohl Hans , Beutel Rolf , Straka Jakub
Published: September 2024

Two new species of Strepsiptera from the genus Zethus Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) are described. Although the stylopisation of the genus Zethus has been known for almost a century, we provide the first description of its strepsipteran parasites. Zethus brasiliensis fuscatus R. Bohart & Stange, 1965 is parasitised by Eupathocera zethisp. nov. in the Neotropical Region (French Guiana) and Zethus favillaceus Walker, 1871 by Deltoxenos impressussp. nov. in the Afrotropical Region (Kenya). An independent switch to the same host genus is supported by molecular and morphological data. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of the species are provided based on characters of the female cephalothorax and male cephalotheca. Diagnostic characters are discussed.
Histoire(s) de la diplomatie culturelle française
Authors: Moummi Akhésa
Published: September 2024

Ce chapitre prend appui sur les entretiens menés par Jean Métral avec deux personnels de direction du Collège de la Mission laïque française à Beyrouth en 1975. Il cherche à interroger, par ce point d’appui, la fabrique d’une diplomatie scolaire au ras du pupitre, à travers le poids diplomatique de choix pédagogiques et éducatifs. Il repose sur l’hypothèse que ces choix, en matière d’organisation des espaces scolaires, de diplômes, de langues enseignées, de publics, contribuent à révéler une diplomatie éducative française au service du maintien de la francophonie au Liban, politique qui se réactualise aujourd’hui. Ce chapitre met d’abord en avant le flou concernant les autorités de gestion du Collège de Beyrouth, avant de s’intéresser aux questionnements quant aux publics de l’établissement et aux choix pédagogiques à effectuer en son sein, notamment en matière de langue et de diplômes. In fine , il tend à démontrer une reformulation de la mission civilisatrice post-mandat au service d’une défense de la francophonie.
AI-Driven precision in solar forecasting: Breakthroughs in machine learning and deep learning
Authors: Nadeem Ayesha , Hanif Muhammad Farhan , Naveed Muhammad Sabir , Hassan Muhammad Tahir , Gul Mustabshirha , Husnain Naveed , Mi Jianchun
Published: September 2024

The need for accurate solar energy forecasting is paramount as the global push towards renewable energy intensifies. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in solar energy forecasting, focusing on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. The novelty of this review lies in its detailed examination of ML and DL models, highlighting their ability to handle complex and nonlinear patterns in Solar Irradiance (SI) data. We systematically explored the evolution from traditional empirical, including machine learning (ML), and physical approaches to these advanced models, and delved into their real-world applications, discussing economic and policy implications. Additionally, we covered a variety of forecasting models, including empirical, image-based, statistical, ML, DL, foundation, and hybrid models. Our analysis revealed that ML and DL models significantly enhance forecasting accuracy, operational efficiency, and grid reliability, contributing to economic benefits and supporting sustainable energy policies. By addressing challenges related to data quality and model interpretability, this review underscores the importance of continuous innovation in solar forecasting techniques to fully realize their potential. The findings suggest that integrating these advanced models with traditional approaches offers the most promising path forward for improving solar energy forecasting.
Effective Application of Numerical Approaches and Green Functions for the Process of Modelling Spheres
Authors: Pasternak Viktoriya , Ruban Artem , Bilotil Oleksandr , Karpova Daryna
Published: September 2024

The research work is devoted to the study of the stress-strain state of a structure comprising a cylinder with a sphere using numerical approaches and Green’s functions. The results obtained include the analysis of stress distribution, study of deformations and determination of stress concentration zones. Safety factors are assessed and the influence of boundary conditions on the behaviour of the structure is revealed. The application of numerical methods allowed for a detailed study of the interaction of the sphere, providing an opportunity to analyse the exact properties and assess the influence of various factors in complex structures. It should be noted that the results obtained, which were evaluated taking into account all factors, affect the real system and can be predicted with a deviation error of 1%.
Modeling of Building Structures Resistance to Collapse Failure from Explosive Impact
Authors: Barabash Mariia , Kostyra Nataliia , Maksymenko Valerii
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of modeling and analysis of the protective structures’ designs under the influence of explosive loads. An analysis of shock waves is carried out, the nature of their propagation and impact on buildings, as well as methods for their modeling in the LIRA-SAPR software. Some proposals for preventing the collapse failure of the structure due to the impact of missile fragments are given. The article discusses different types of point explosions - air and ground. The diagram of the formation of waves during an air explosion and a characteristic wave pattern during a ground explosion is given. The propagation of waves during a ground explosion is analyzed. A mathematical model for determining shock wave parameters is given. An example of the calculation of the protective structure constructions against a blast wave in PC LIRA-SAPR (LIRA-FEM) under the action of a surface blast effect is provided. The results of the non-linear calculation of the roof slab for resistance to collapse failure in the case of an emergency explosive impact on an area up to 80 m2 are presented.
Ways to Reduce the Mass of Body Parts of Closed Gears
Authors: Matsiuk Iryna , Tverdokhlib Olexandr , Dovhal Denys , Tsymbal Bohdan
Published: September 2024

The paper presents the results of work on changing the mass of closed gears by the example of a single-stage cylindrical gearbox. Two variants of the solution for the problem are considered. In the first variant, it is proposed to reduce the thickness of the walls of unloaded areas to the constructive minimum. The other solution involves the replacement of the unloaded areas of the gearbox housing with non-metallic inserts. To produce the inserts, ZELLAMID plastic is recommended. Both variants are based on the method of topological optimization of housing parts. The Fusion 360 software product (Shape Optimization option) is applied as a tool. A 3D model of the gearbox housing was developed from which unloaded areas were removed followed by topological optimization of the housing carried out, which made it possible to reduce the mass significantly.
The Determinants of Financial Technology (Fintech) Usage Acceptance Among Undergraduates
Authors: Kalinga M. L. , Senarathna E. C. K.
Published: September 2024

Financial technology (FinTech) is one of the new fields made available to users through the introduction of technological breakthroughs. These advancements have made banking and finance-related services and transactions easier and more accessible for customers. As undergraduates, who represent the younger generation in the nation, complete their academic and associated work, they are increasingly exposed to these new technologies. While several surveys and studies from other nations have examined the variables influencing the adoption and utilisation of financial technology, Sri Lanka has not received sufficient attention in this specific area of inquiry. Therefore, this research aims to fill the current gap in the field by focusing on the final-year undergraduates of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura and identifying the key determinants underlying undergraduates' adoption of financial technology usage in Sri Lanka. 305 undergraduate students from the university's three main faculties were selected using simple random sampling, and PLS structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicate that the most significant factors influencing the adoption of financial technology usage are digital accessibility, convenience, and personal innovativeness. The results of the study provide valuable insights on how to promote awareness and usage of financial technology among students. The conclusions drawn from the study have significant implications for empowering FinTech usage within the Sri Lankan undergraduate population.
Exploring factors affecting E-Commerce Adoption of SMEs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranaweera Indika =
Published: September 2024

This paper seeks to investigate the factors that impact the adoption of E-commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka. Explores the impact of various determinants, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, and adoption intention on the adoption of e-commerce in Sri Lankan SMEs. The study is based on SMEs in the country. The study encompasses Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from four provinces across the country, spanning ten different industries. A sample of 252 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) across 10 industrial sectors in 4 regions was selected using a simple random sampling technique.The results indicated that Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, and Perceived Risk as major influences on the adoption of e-commerce significantly influenced the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs in Sri Lanka. However, it was observed that comparatively reduced influence of Social Influence on E-commerce adoption among SMEs.
The relationship between social media exposure and sexual orientation of late adolescents
Authors: Nova Renny , Lestari Retno , Suoth Cicit Niara
Published: September 2024

During adolescence, the development of sexual needs, the regulation of sexual orientation, and the decision to become a woman or a man are carried out to create a connection and form behavior leading to deviant sexual behavior. Sexual orientation becomes a person's identity in the environment and adolescents are expected to know the direction of attraction. The factors influencing sexual orientation are internal and external, such as exposure to social media. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between social media exposure and late adolescent sexual orientation.A quantitative method is adopted using a cross-sectional design on 111 samples. The instruments used are the Intensity Scale of Social Media Use (SIPMS) and the Kinsey scale to measure exposure to social media and sexual orientation, respectively.The study's findings indicate a statistically significant correlation between social media exposure and sexual orientation in late adolescents, with a p-value of 0.040.In conclusion, education should be provided from an early age on sexual orientation and the anticipation of adolescents in fulfilling duties, resulting in a process of self-development within the social environment.
Prevention of contaminated aerosol and the transmission during nebulized therapy in hospital settings: a systematic review
Authors: Ariningpraja Rustiana Tasya , Widyawati Ika Yuni , Azizah Nurona
Published: September 2024

Inhalation nebulization therapy is important for administering medications to patients in aerosolized form. However, there are persistent apprehensions in healthcare settings regarding aerosol contamination because of the significant infection risk. Despite rigorous adherence to established hospital protocols, concerns about potential contamination and transmission persist, raising considerable apprehension about nosocomial pneumonia. This condition shows the urgent need for implementing highly effective strategies to ensure patient safety during nebulization therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to review current investigations, focusing on interventions to mitigate aerosol contamination and minimize the transmission of contaminated aerosols.Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review included an exhaustive analysis of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials as well as, simulated experimental and in vitro studies published in English in the past decade. A meticulous search was conducted across four major databases, namely ScienceDirect, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health (CINAHL), PubMed, and Scopus. A total of 37 pertinent studies were identified and subjected to rigorous analysis.The preventive measures include a range of strategies, such as the use of masks by therapists, thorough disinfection of nebulizers, integration of filters, and regular environmental cleaning in the vicinity of the patient.In conclusion, these multifaceted interventions are significant in preventing the administration of contaminated aerosols and curbing the proliferation of infectious agents in the hospital environment.
Roles and challenges of health cadres in handling stunting: a qualitative study
Authors: Kartika Annisa Wuri , Setyoadi Setyoadi , Hayati Yati Sri , Setiowati Cici Indah
Published: September 2024

Health cadres are volunteers or healthcare workers in the village who possess knowledge and skills in delivering basic healthcare services to the community. These people have direct access to the community at the grassroots level, playing an essential role in detecting, preventing, and addressing stunting. This study aimed to explore the experience of health cadres to increase understanding of their role in the community to address stunting.This study was carried out using a qualitative method and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), which included 40 participants for data collection. The instrument used was an FGD interview, consisting of questions about stunting, the experience as cadres, and the identification of stunting problems in the village. Subsequently, the data obtained were analyzed using the narrative analysis method. The identified themes included role played as cadres and the associated challenges. The roles that were identified included assisting primary health care programs, providing health education to mothers, weighing children, making referrals when there were problems, and helping to collect data needed by primary health care. The challenges observed were community perceptions underestimating the problem of stunting, attitudes of mothers, stigma in society about stunting, and other activities of health cadres.In conclusion, this study shows that the roles of cadres are expected to be an important factor in handling stunting. Consequently, providing adequate training and supervision for health cadres is essential to improve their role in the community.
The nexus between political violence, patronage networks and criminality in the administration of Glebelands hostels, Durban
Authors: Mongale Collin O. , Venter Jan C.
Published: September 2024

Background: Political violence continues to be a key feature of political life in South Africa. This violence seems to occur predominantly in the controversial KwaZulu-Natal province. Political violence that was seen during the early 1990s between the African National Congress (ANC) and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is seen today between members of the ANC and their opposition, such as Congress of the People (COPE), and apolitical organisations such as Ubunye bamaHoistela (UbH).Aim: To analyse the nexus of political violence, patronage networks and criminality in the administration of Glebelends hostels and their effects on human security. The article relies on human security perspective to tease out the human security effects stemming from political violence, patronage networks and criminality.Methods: The article adopted a qualitative literature assessment.Results: Political violence, patronage networks and criminality in the administration of Glebelands hostels have resulted into human security crisis in Glebelands such as murders, physical attacks unemployment, poverty and post-traumatic disorder.Conclusion: The prevalence of political violence, patronage networks and crime has posed a threat to human (in) security for residents of Glebelands hostels.Contribution: The current government, which is responsible for administering the hostels, should create a safer living space for the residents of Glebelands. These could be attained if the ruling party eradicates corrupt practices from its administration of the hostel, which often impede the provision of decent services to its constituents. The allocation of hostel rooms and jobs opportunities should be done in a holistic manner.
Corrigendum: Corporate governance and performance of state-owned enterprises in a least developed economy
Authors: Kaunda Elias , Pelser Theuns G.
Published: September 2024

No abstract available.
Propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks after root canal preparation using rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive instruments: An ex vivo microcomputed tomographic analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Arunima , Nawal Ruchika Roongta , Yadav Sudha , Talwar Sangeeta , Kunnoth Sriram , Mahajan Puneet
Published: September 2024

Aim:

To evaluate the propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks after instrumentation with ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), and Reciproc Blue (RB) instruments by micro-CT imaging.

Methods:

The mesial roots of 60 mature human mandibular molars were cut out approximately 10 mm from the apex. The roots were then divided randomly into four groups (n = 15) based on file system used: PTU, PTG, TFA, and RB. Before and after canal shaping, roots were scanned with micro-CT. The preinstrumentation cross-sectional slices were examined to ascertain the presence of preexisting dentinal microcracks in apical 10 mm of radicular dentine. Postinstrumentation, the extension of preexisting dentinal microcracks was assessed and compared with corresponding preinstrumentation image to determine the grade of propagation. Postinstrumentation, the propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks were categorized into three grades: nonpropagated dentinal microcracks (Grade 1), incomplete propagation (Grade 2), and complete propagation (Grade 3).

Results:

The PTU system showed a significantly higher propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks compared to PTG, TFA, and RB system (P ≤ 0.05). All the instrumentation systems showed propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks into Grade 2 cracks. Grade 3 propagation was seen in PTU, PTG, and RB systems. The number of Grade 2 dentinal microcracks were significantly higher than Grade 1 dentinal microcracks for the PTU system (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

Root canal instrumentation promotes propagation of preexisting dentinal microcracks. As compared to conventional nickel-titanium file systems, reciprocating and thermally treated file systems may less likely result in propagation of dentinal microcracks.
Overview of latent tuberculosis-related central serous chorioretinopathy: Review and case report
Authors: Shukla Ruchi , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Garg Pragati , Singh Swarastra P , Shrinkhal
Published: September 2024

We present a case of multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in a 40-year-old male who presented with gradual loss of vision in both of his eyes during the previous 3 months. The anterior segment examination was normal; the dilated fundus examination revealed severe retinal elevation in the macular area in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of subretinal fluid with a central macular thickness of 353 μm OD and 356 μm OS. On the basis of ocular findings, a diagnosis of multifocal CSCR was made. One month later, the patient complained of further vision loss. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated, and the Mantoux test (22 mm × 22 mm), the QuantiFERON TB gold (5 IU/ml), and the cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (2277.92 AU/ml) yielded positive results. A diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection was made. After 2 months of starting antitubercular treatment, the patient’s visual acuity improved.
Benign to malignant: A unique case of squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as papilloma
Authors: Hegde Vidya , Kamath Atul , Jain Rashmi , Davis Dillo
Published: September 2024

The clinical appearance of eyelid tumors many times may not concur with the final histopathological diagnosis. A 61-year-old female presented with a hyperpigmented mass in the right upper eyelid of 2-month duration. Clinically, it appeared to be squamous papilloma, a benign lesion. She underwent complete surgical excision of the mass. Histopathologically, the lesion was found to be squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant lesion. There was no recurrence of the mass until the last follow-up. This case report highlights the role of histopathology in aiding the diagnosis of eyelid swellings.
Accuracy of smartphone imaging versus clinical examination in the diagnosis of ocular disorders in a rural-based hospital: A descriptive study
Authors: Jaitpal Kinnaari , Khandelwal Rekha R. , Kumar Deepa A. , Raje Dhananjay
Published: September 2024

Background:

In India, there is an unequal distribution of eye health care, and tele-ophthalmology promises to be a potential tool to provide accessible, affordable, and good-quality health care to the population residing in the rural and remote areas of our country.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to study the accuracy of smartphone imaging versus clinical examination in the diagnosis of ocular disorders at a rural-based hospital.

Setting and Design:

A hospital-based descriptive study was conducted for 18 months. The study was carried out in the outpatient department (OPD) of ophthalmology at a rural health training center (RHTC), attached to a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

Inclusion-A routine examination was carried out in the ophthalmology OPD at the RHTC. The off-site assessment was done based on the smartphone camera (iPhone Xs Max) images and videos captured on-site, which were remotely shared with two independent blinded observers to make the diagnosis which was compared with the clinical (on-site) diagnosis.

Statistical Analysis:

The agreement between the expert’s finding and the clinical examination finding was determined using Light’s Kappa coefficient. Accuracy of the photographic method was carried out in terms of sensitivity and specificity, considering clinical findings as the gold standard.

Results and Conclusion:

The diagnostic accuracy of smartphone imaging was the highest for the diagnosis of cataracts, followed by anterior segment conditions. The clinical diagnosis and smartphone imaging agreement were almost perfect for anterior segment disorders, while it was moderate for glaucoma and other disc pathologies.
Evaluation of dental behavior, anxiety, fear, and its correlation with trait emotional intelligence in 8–12-year-old children: Exploring a new frontier in behavior modification
Authors: Dave Bhavna Haresh , Lalwani Yash Manoj , Shah Charmi Haresh , Shah Lipsa S.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Children’s fear and distress in dental settings often lead to anxiety and behavior issues. This study delves into why some children experience dental anxiety, whereas others do not, attributing differences to child-rearing and personality traits. Emotional intelligence (EQ), the ability to comprehend, generate, and manage emotions, is explored as a factor influencing a child’s dental experience. This novel intelligence theory accommodates the intricacies of human–environment interactions.

Aim:

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between EQ and a child’s dental anxiety, fear, and behavior in children aged 8–12 years.

Materials and Methods:

The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Child Short Form, specifically developed for children aged between 8 and 12 years, was used among 100 participants reporting to the department outpatient department. The Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale, Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, and Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale were used to evaluate behavior, anxiety, and fear, respectively.

Results:

Results show a positive correlation between EQ and dental behavior (P = 0.002) whereas a negative correlation between EQ and dental anxiety and fear (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence, dental behavior, anxiety, and fear among children. By recognizing the impact of EQ, dental practitioners could adopt personalized strategies to alleviate anxiety and enhance cooperation, improving overall dental experiences for young patients.
Examination of the Relationship Between Depressive Mood Level and Attentional Bias
Authors: Öksüz Özdemir Nazende Ceren
Published: September 2024

Attention is defined as the cognitive process to detect a particular internal or external stimulus, and maintaining focus are closely related to mood. The orientation of the attention resource (Attention allocation) is shaped by the mood of the person. Focusing more on negative and threatening stimuli than neutral and/or positive stimuli in the outside world is called “Attentional Bias”. This article emphasizes that attentional bias is linked with the level of depressive mood state, between a low level of depressive mood and a high level of depression.

Aim:

This research aimed to examine if there is an attentional bias toward negative stimuli among individuals with depressive symptoms.

Materials and Methods:

The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Point Locating Task were administered to the participants. The research consists of a sample of 90 undergraduate and graduate students selected by random sampling method.

Results:

Based on the research findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of depression and attentional orientation. The result of the study indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between depression scores and attentional orientation. When the attentional bias of the participants was examined according to their depression levels, it was found that the attentional bias of the participants with moderate depression symptoms was significantly higher than those without depression symptoms.

Conclusion:

These results indicated that relationship between attentional bias and depression level. Further studies are needed to examine depression levels and attentional bias levels in a larger sample size.
The Usage of Constrained Independent Component Analysis to Reduce Electrode Displacement Effects in Real-Time Surface Electromyography-Based Hand Gesture Classifications
Authors: Baspinar Ulvi , Tastan Yahya , Varol Huseyin Selcuk
Published: September 2024

Aim:

In real-time control of prosthesis, orthosis, and human–computer interface applications, the displacement of surface electrodes may cause a total disruption or a decline in the classification rates. In this study, a constrained independent component analysis (cICA) was used as an alternative method for addressing the displacement problem of surface electrodes.

Materials and Methods:

The study was tested by classifying six-hand gestures offline and in real-time to control a robotic arm. The robotic arm has five degrees of freedom, and it was controlled using surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. The classification of sEMG signals is realized using artificial neural networks. cICA algorithm was utilized to improve the performance of classifiers due to the negative effect of electrode displacement issues.

Results:

In the study, the classification results of the cICA applied and unapplied sEMG signals were compared. The results showed that the proposed method has provided an increase between 4% and 13% in classifications. The average classification rates for six different hand gestures were calculated as 96.66%.

Conclusions:

The study showed that the cICA method enhances classification rates while minimizing the impact of electrode displacement. The other advantage of the cICA algorithm is dimension reduction, which is important in real time applications. To observe the performance of the cICA in the real-time application, a robotic arm was controlled using sEMG signals.
Design of Magnetoencephalography-based Brain–Machine Interface Control Methodology Through Time-Varying Cortical Neural Connectivity and Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Uyulan Caglar
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Human-machine interfaces (HMIs) can improve the quality of life for physically disabled users. This study proposes a noninvasive BMI design methodology to control a robot arm using MEG signals acquired during the user's imagined wrist movements in four directions.

Methods:

The BMI uses the partial directed coherence measure and a time-varying multivariate adaptive autoregressive model to extract task-dependent features for mental task discrimination. An extreme learning machine is used to generate a model with the extracted features, which is used to control the robot arm for rehabilitation or assistance tasks for motor-impaired individuals.

Results:

The classification results show that the proposed BMI methodology is a feasible solution with good performance and fast learning speed.

Discussion:

The proposed BMI methodology is a promising solution for rehabilitation or assistance systems for motor-impaired individuals. The BMI provides satisfactory classification performance at a fast learning speed.
Telencephalic stab wound injury induces regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis in zebrafish: unveiling the role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and microglia
Authors: Fernezelian Danielle , Rondeau Philippe , Gence Laura , Diotel Nicolas
Published: September 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202510000-00025/figure1/v/2024-11-26T163120Z/r/image-tiff

After brain damage, regenerative angiogenesis and neurogenesis have been shown to occur simultaneously in mammals, suggesting a close link between these processes. However, the mechanisms by which these processes interact are not well understood. In this work, we aimed to study the correlation between angiogenesis and neurogenesis after a telencephalic stab wound injury. To this end, we used zebrafish as a relevant model of neuroplasticity and brain repair mechanisms. First, using the Tg(fli1:EGFP × mpeg1.1:mCherry) zebrafish line, which enables visualization of blood vessels and microglia respectively, we analyzed regenerative angiogenesis from 1 to 21 days post-lesion. In parallel, we monitored brain cell proliferation in neurogenic niches localized in the ventricular zone by using immunohistochemistry. We found that after brain damage, the blood vessel area and width as well as expression of the fli1 transgene and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegfaa and vegfbb) were increased. At the same time, neural stem cell proliferation was also increased, peaking between 3 and 5 days post-lesion in a manner similar to angiogenesis, along with the recruitment of microglia. Then, through pharmacological manipulation by injecting an anti-angiogenic drug (Tivozanib) or Vegf at the lesion site, we demonstrated that blocking or activating Vegf signaling modulated both angiogenic and neurogenic processes, as well as microglial recruitment. Finally, we showed that inhibition of microglia by clodronate-containing liposome injection or dexamethasone treatment impairs regenerative neurogenesis, as previously described, as well as injury-induced angiogenesis. In conclusion, we have described regenerative angiogenesis in zebrafish for the first time and have highlighted the role of inflammation in this process. In addition, we have shown that both angiogenesis and neurogenesis are involved in brain repair and that microglia and inflammation-dependent mechanisms activated by Vegf signaling are important contributors to these processes. This study paves the way for a better understanding of the effect of Vegf on microglia and for studies aimed at promoting angiogenesis to improve brain plasticity after brain injury.