bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Weight Estimation of Latent Ability: Application to Computerized Adaptive Testing With Response Revision
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Xiao Houping , Cohen Allan
Published: November 2020

An adaptive weight estimation approach is proposed to provide robust latent ability estimation in computerized adaptive testing (CAT) with response revision. This approach assigns different weights to each distinct response to the same item when response revision is allowed in CAT. Two types of weight estimation procedures, nonfunctional and functional weight, are proposed to determine the weight adaptively based on the compatibility of each revised response with the assumed statistical model in relation to remaining observations. The application of this estimation approach to a data set collected from a large-scale multistage adaptive testing demonstrates the capability of this method to reveal more information regarding the test taker’s latent ability by using the valid response path compared with only using the very last response. Limited simulation studies were concluded to evaluate the proposed ability estimation method and to compare it with several other estimation procedures in literature. Results indicate that the proposed ability estimation approach is able to provide robust estimation results in two test-taking scenarios.
Assessment of drugs increasing the reproductive function of cows of oocyte donors
Authors: Plakhova A. , Plemyashov K.
Published: November 2020

In these studies, a comprehensive assessment of the effect of the drugs «Carofertin» and «Hemobalance» on the reproductive function of oocyte donor cows was carried out. At the same time, the effect of these drugs on the biochemical parameters of blood serum, as well as on the concentration of progesterone, carotene in the experimental groups and the activity of the ovaries in the experimental animals was assessed. An increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the first and third experimental groups was found, which amounted to 128.80 and 104.6 IU / L. There was also a decrease in the concentration of cholesterol in the experimental groups compared with the control. The maximum concentration of carotene was noted in the experimental group No. 1, which were injected with «Carofertin» subcutaneously, and in the experimental group No. 3, which were injected with «Carofertin» and «Hemobalance». The maximum concentration of progesterone was also noted in groups No. 3 and No. 1 and amounted to 21.98±3.03 and 17.01±9.68 nmol / l, respectively. In the course of ultrasound examination of the ovaries in experimental animals, a relationship was noted between the concentration of progesterone and the intensity of the blood supply of the corpus luteum on the ovaries in experimental animals. Subsequently, in one animal from each experimental group, oocytes were aspirated (OPU) twice with an interval of two weeks and their qualitative and quantitative characteristics were assessed. The maximum number of oocytes suitable for use was noted in the experimental group No. 3, which was injected with both study drugs.
The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer
Authors: Dodokhov V. , Pavlova N. , Rumyantseva T. , Kalashnikova L.
Published: November 2020

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.
The concentration of recombinant human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic goats of the third and fourth year of lactation
Authors: Bogdanovich D. , Petrushko Е. , Kuzniatsova V.
Published: November 2020

The concentration of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in the milk of 22 transgenic goats of different ages was studied: the average concentration of rhLF in the milk of goats-producers of the 4th year of lactation was 13.7% higher than that of goats of the 3rd year of lactation (6.07 and 5.24 g/l, respectively). It was found that the maximum level of recombinant glycoprotein was produced by the mammary gland of animals in the 2nd and 4th quarters of the studied year period. Protein’s concentration in milk measured in the 2nd and 4th quarters was 6.4 g/l and 6.33 g/l for producers of the third year of lactation and 8.14 g/l and 7.02 g/l for goats of the fourth year of lactation, respectively. The correlation between the season of the year and the content of the target protein in milk was detected (p <0.01), it was found that the most active rhLF production in goat milk occurred in late spring and winter periods. Variability in the content of the protein of interest in milk between individuals was noted. During the study a relatively low level of rhLF was established in animal №0747 - 0.11–2.52 g/l, while its maximum value was detected in the producer № 0403 - 4.52–9.06 g/l (more than 4 times difference). The range of individual variability in terms of rhLF content in the milk of goats of the third and the fourth lactation was 0.11–9.06 g/l. Milk of genetically modified goats contains 3 times more lactoferrin than human breast milk. Therefore, rhLF concentration testing in goat milk and tracking the dynamics of this indicator allows us to obtain data that can be used later for breeding pro-grams formation, milk production planning and also to improve the gene pool of transgenic animals.
Exterior indices UDC and FLC as indicators of the reasons for culling of Ayrshire cows
Authors: Vasileva E. , Smotrova E.
Published: November 2020

Research is focuses on the possibility of using udder dairy composite (UDC) and feet and legs composite indices (FLC) as indicators of the reasons for the culling of Ayrshire cows based on the results of their exterior assessment after the first calving. The processing included data on the exterior assessment and the reasons for their cull of 855 first calving cows. Almost all the correlation coefficients of indices with the classification assessment of exterior features were positive and reliable. The UDC is most correlated with the classification of the udder (0.614***) and the total score (0.535***), the least — with the dairy strength (-0.126***). The FLC is highly correlated with the classification of legs (0.940***), with the total score(0.529***), low negative and unreliable with a dairy strength (-0.033). The indices are interconnected at 0.223***. The ranking of UDC and FLC by level revealed an incomplete coincidence of the point complex assessment of some signs of the exterior. The ranking of UDC by level revealed an increase in the scoring classification of all signs of the exterior, the FLC has a mismatch. In culling cows due to limb diseases the FLC was negative (-0.44 ± 0.31) and low compared to other groups. The value of UDC with diseases of the udder is -0.06 ± 0.08. In other animals, these were neutral or positive values. Cows with negative values of both indices were identified in each group of diseases. For example, in groups with udder disease and metabolic disorders, the number of such cows is almost the same 26.0 and 26.3%, and with diseases of the reproductive organs and legs — 20.7 and 22.2%. The force of influence of the indices on retirement is η2UDC=42.0***% (F=7.6) and η2FLC=40.0***% (F=13.2). Studies have revealed predicted retirement rates with UDC and FLC data.
Cost-effectiveness implementation of the new protocol for prevention of after calving complications in first-calf heifers
Authors: Frolova E. , Abilov A. , Erin S.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to determination of the new drug Aldiecoseptimol (Patent 2562929) effectiveness for the prevention of the after calving complications of gynecological diseases in first-calf heifers, with the calculation of the values of the service period, its impact on the level of reproduction and economic efficiency in comparison with the control. The work was carried out in highly productive herds of the Moscow region with a daily productivity of 35-40 liters of milk, with completed lactation (305) days of 7200-8000 kg of milk. The effectiveness of prevention was evaluated based on the results of the actual service period in the experimental (n=113) and control (n=102) groups as follows: the service period is less than 85 days — the surplus group, SP-85 days-optimal, SP-86-120 days-deficient, SP-121-135 days or more-acutely deficient in the level of reproduction and output of calves. It was found that after preventive treatments, the number of the first-calf heifers with insemination efficiency of up to 85 days increases and makes up 40% of their total number in the experiment compared to 22% in the control (18% in favor of experience). There was a significant reduction in animals with a service period of more than 121 days: from 60% in the control to 30% in the experiment (acutely deficient group). In the experimental group, compared with the control group, the indicator of the level of reproduction and output of calves increased. The obtained data were processed in accordance with a mathematical model developed by us to optimize the planning of the reproduction process and evaluate the economic efficiency of using a new drug. It was found that the new Protocol for processing first-calf heifers in the of after calving period for the prevention of gynecological diseases contributed to an increase in the number of animals in surplus, in terms of reproduction and output of calves, from 22% in the control to 40% in the experiment. The number of animals with an acute service period decreased from 60% in the control group to 30% in the experimental group. The calculated yield of calves in the experimental group increased on average from 79.4% in the control to 95.4% in the experiment per 100 cows, which was 20.2%. The reproduction rate also increased by 20.2% and amounted to 46 heifers per 100 head of cows in the experimental group instead of 38 heifers per 100 head of cows in the control group. Protocol using the new drug Eldecanato proposed for prevention of after calving complications and gynecological diseases in cows, reduced service period and days's barrenness at 77.6 days, and contributed to the increase of output of calves per 100 cows by 20.2%. All this were permitted to increase economic efficiency in the experimental group by 17.7 thousand rubles per 1 cow per year
Formation of the phytocenosis and productivity of sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures depending on the species sowing methods and spatial arrangement in conditions of the right bank forrest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Kovtun K.P. , Veklenko Yu. A. , Yashchuk V.A.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. Optimization study of the spatial arrangement of the components in binary legume-cereal grass mixtures by selecting a complementary composition of the phytocenosis, the method of sowing perennial grasses to create hayfields with sand sainfoin in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Successful placement of legumes and cereals in two-component mixtures significantly eliminates the negative interaction at different stages of ontogenesis, reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields. Methods. System analysis, field, laboratory, comparative calculation methods. Results. The field experiment investigated the influence of the spatial arrangement of sand sainfoin under various methods of sowing with medium wheatgrass, team wheatgrass, ryegrass and high ryegrass on the yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy and providing the feed unit with digestible protein. It is established that in comparison with the traditional row mixed method of sowing binary mixtures of sand sainfoin with different types of cereals the highest yield of dry matter, feed units, crude protein, metabolic energy (on average for three years) was obtained by cross and cross-row methods. The highest yield of crude protein and the supply of feed unit with digestible protein was obtained by cross-sowing method. Conclusions. The influence of spatial arrangement of sandy sainfoin and cereal grasses on the formation of phytocenosis and its forage productivity is substantiated. The prospects of cross and cross-row sowing methods of binary sainfoin-cereal grass mixtures are proved. This arrangement of legumes and cereals reduces interspecific competition for environmental resources, balances the structure of the phytocenosis, increases its productivity and the quality of the grass mass and prolongs the productive life of the sown hayfields.
Features of formation of bean-cereal agrophytocenoses on sod-podzolic soils of the Carpathian foothills of Ukraine
Authors: Kurhak V.H. , Karbivska U.M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To establish changes in botanical composition, density and linear growth of components of legume-cereal agrophytocenoses with the participation of various leguminous and cereal perennial grasses in comparison with cereal grasses on different backgrounds of mineral fertilizer on sod-podzolic soils of Carpathian foothills. Methods. General scientific – hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogies, generalizations and special – field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Averagely over four years, the share of the deervetch in the crop with nitrogen-free fertilizition was the largest and ranged from 53-59% with the number of shoots 844-888 pcs/m2. The share of alfalfa sown and the density of its shoots were the lowest and ranged from 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2. Meadow clover in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses was well maintained only in the first 2-3 years of use with a share of 60-70%. Eastern galega was kept in grasslands for four years with a share of 36-40%. Legume components had a positive effect on the linear growth of cereal components. In deervetch-cereal stands on nitrogen-free backgrounds, it was 9-12 cm larger compared to the height of the same cereals in cereal mixtures. Conclusions. It is established that for four years the best in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses is kept horned, and alfalfa sowing is the worst. Meadow clover is well kept in grasslands only in the first three years of life. Eastern galega is well kept in grasslands, but with a smaller proportion than deervetch. The share of deervetch in the crop on the nitrogen-free fertilization backgrounds is the highest and ranges from 53 to 59% with a shoot density of 844-888 pcs/m2. The proportion of the alfalfa and the density of its shoots is the smallest – 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2 respectively.
Pesantren Muadalah Mathali'ul Falah Kajen Margoyoso Pati
Authors: Murtadlo Muhamad
Published: November 2020

Pesantren Kajen cukup mempunyai warna tersendiri dibandingkan pesantren-pesantren besar dan tua di Jawa Tengah. Pesantren Kajen menempatkan diri dalam suasana tradisionalisme namun terbuka dalam mengawal perubahan sosial. Posisi ini menjadi cukup unik karena Pesantren Kajen menyemaikan dirinya menjadi pengawal gagasan Islam transformatif berbasis tradisionalisme Islam
Src tyrosine kinase is differentially expressed in the tumors of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2020

Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (1), is utilized for the treatment of adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer (2) in the United States and worldwide. We mined published microarray and gene expression data (3, 4) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most significant transcriptional changes associated with treatment with trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. We identified the proto-oncogene and tyrosine kinase Src as among the genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. The primary tumors of breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab expressed higher levels of Src messenger than did patients not treated with trastuzumab, and a single administration of trastuzumab was sufficient to result in differential expression of Src in primary tumors of the breast, demonstrating that a proto-oncogene (5) and gene whose product is necessary to drive MMTV-induced tumorigenesis of the mammary gland in mice6 is transcriptionally induced in primary tumors of the breast, likely as a direct result of treatment with trastuzumab.
Pendidikan Karakter Kemandirian di Pesantren Raudhatul Muttaqien Kalasan Sleman
Authors: Murtadlo Muhamad , Azizah Laili Nur
Published: November 2020

Tulisan ini mencoba menggambarkan bagaimana pesantren mengembangkan pendidikan karakter kemandirian pada santri. pertanyaan penelitian dirumuskan: bagaimana pendidikan karakter kemandirian dilaksanakan di pesantren? Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. kasus yang dipilih adalah Pesantren Raudhatul Muttaqien Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada kasus pesantren yang diteliti, pengembangan karakter kemandirian santri dilakukan dengan menerapkan potensi prophetic intellegence yang ada pada diri individu.
Maternal Sensitivity and Warmth in Singapore: Cultural Insights from Comparing the Ainsworth and Emotional Availability Scales
Authors: Cheung Hoi Shan
Published: November 2020

The convergence among measures of maternal sensitivity and warmth, and their associations with children’s language ability and likeability by peers were examined. Participants were 167 mothers and their child aged 4 to 6 (55.7% girls) from the four major ethnic groups in Singapore (Chinese, Malay, Indian and Other). Latent Profile Analysis showed that 14.5% of the mothers were classified as sensitive and high in warmth, 53.9% as inconsistently sensitive and displaying some warmth, and 31.5% as insensitive and low on warmth towards their child. Sensitivity and warmth were not strongly and consistently linked to children’s language ability and peer likeability (-.35< r <.16), suggesting that they may not be key factors that contribute towards children’s development in the Singaporean context.
Relationships between Psychological Contract Breach and Employee Well-Being and Career-Related Behavior: The Role of Occupational Future Time Perspective
Authors: Zacher Hannes , Rudolph Cort
Published: November 2020

Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well-being and career- related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of this study was to examine indirect effects of psychological contract breach on emotional engagement, emotional exhaustion, and career-related behavior through two dimensions of occupational future time perspective (i.e., focus on opportunities, focus on limitations). Data came from 405 employees in Australia, who responded to three surveys across 12 months. Results showed that psychological contract breach had indirect effects on emotional engagement and exhaustion through focus on opportunities and focus on limitations, respectively, and on career-related behavior through focus on opportunities. Another mechanism, psychological contract violation, was only related to employees’ organizational deviance. These findings highlight the important role of occupational future time perspective dimensions as employees’ evaluations of future career-related opportunities and limitations. These evaluations may change in response to psychological contract breach and, in turn, might impact on employee well-being and career-related behavior.
Google, the media patron. How the digital giant ensnares journalism.
Authors: Fanta Alexander , Dachwitz Ingo
Published: November 2020

The study describes how Google has funnelled more than 200 million euro in cash gifts to European media since 2013, while at the same time the company has resisted political efforts in Europe to force it to share advertising revenue with ailing publishing houses. Google’s first fund was created in France in 2013 to appease publishers calling for a “Google tax” on digital advertising. This provided a template for the future, as the study’s analysis of the origins of the Google News Initiative shows. The study describes how Google’s attention and gifts have transformed the relationship between the Silicon Valley company and German publishing houses. Findings are based on anonymised interviews with 25 German media executives and journalists covering digital media, a data analysis of 645 projects funded by Google’s Digital News Initiative (DNI) in Europe between 2015 and 2019, as well as a survey on the use of Google tools among German media houses. The research is flanked by an interview with two key figures in Google’s European news division and supported by an in-depth analysis of source material on origins of Google’s journalism initiative. Of Google’s giving to media between 2015 and 2019, the bulk of the money went to long-established Western European publishers. Commercial publishing businesses account for 70 percent of Google’s funding within the Digital News Initiative. Only 9 percent of funding went to non-profit and public service media companies, with other funds going to research institutions, individuals and non-journalistic media start-ups. The median founding date of funded organisations is 1996, which shows Google’s funding favours incumbent companies. (The company says funding decisions are made by experts and industry leaders on the board of its News Initiative, but it hand-picks who sits on that board.) While Google is not transparent about funding figures for media, the study is able to drawn on a data gathered from publishers and publicly available information. Interviews with publishing executives show that while most of them were sceptical of Google’s motives and several interviewees described the company’s funding as a PR exercise, the money was often spent on key innovation projects within publishing houses. “Well, we wouldn’t have done it otherwise, because we simply can’t afford it”, one manager told the authors.
Social and Non Social Media Users During The COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement Period in Canada: The "Plugged-In", Unplugged and Other Population Segments
Authors: Mata Fernando , Dumoulin Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Canadians are using a variety of social and non-social media vehicles to gather information, share experiences and express anxieties during the COVID-19 confinement period. The purpose of the study is to produce a portrait of media use in Canada, paying special attention to the typical population segments in the Canadian population differentiated by their media vehicles and sources of information about the pandemic. The study used as its data source a survey sample of 4,600 adult Canadians aged 15 years old and over during the period of July 20-26 2020, and collected by Statistics Canada. Media user activities comprised a set of 11 dichotomous scales collecting data on main sources of information such as social media posts, online news, online magazines, video platforms, e-mails as well as non internet-based sources. A market segmentation analysis of these scales using Principal Components and k-means cluster analysis revealed the presence of six major population segments: Social Media Buffs (27%), News Followers (33%), Unplugged (10%),Plugged-In (9%), E-Mailers (7%) and Mixed Source Users (16%). The segment mottos were as follows: "Social Media Influencers Know Their Stuff!", "Track Those Headlines!", "I’ve Got My Own Info Sources About The Pandemic!", "Did You Read The Last Blog?" "My People Know Better!" and "Better Info Means More Choices!". This study suggests that media users in Canada constitute a very diverse group of individuals who are engaged in social and non social media to obtain timely information about the pandemic. However, they can also be exposed to inaccurate, misleading information about the virus, its transmission and its treatments. In this light, market segmentation may be a useful tool for decision makers to categorize population members by their typical attitudinal traits and, by doing so, facilitate better public campaigns directed at population segments, help design messages, and implement changes that can promote more efficient ways to deal with their target audiences.
Factors affecting crop diversification on tribal farming: A case study from Eastern ghats of India
Authors: Tripathy Sadasiba , Das Sandhyarani
Published: November 2020

In this article we investigated various factors affecting crop diversification in tribal areas of Eastern ghats of India. We adopted multiple regression analysis and tried to visualize contribution from different factors to crop diversification. We observe most prominent factor affecting to tribal farming in study area is fertilizers, while least one is irrigation facility. Few policy suggestions are made for their betterment based on this study.
#naukanatwitterze. O multimodalnym designie informacji w dyskursie cyfrowym
Authors: Makowska Magdalena
Published: November 2020

The subject of the article are the ways of popularizing scientific and popular science knowledge by using Twitter as a social media platform. The research corpus comprises 100 tweets which come from institutional and individual senders, including both representatives of the world of science as well as of the media that aim to popularize scientific knowledge. As a result of the medialinguistic analysis, which focused on the structural and functional plane of the studied media texts, the high representativeness of multimodal tweets was noted. Namely, language and image contextualize each other: the image allows us to fill the semantic gap resulting from the ellipticalness of the verbal layer of a given tweet. Thus, the contribution of the multimodal information design to knowledge transfer in digital discourse has been demonstrated.
Budowa i zastosowania korpusu monitorującego MoncoPL
Authors: Pęzik Piotr
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces the methodology of compiling and maintaining MoncoPL, a large monitor corpus of web-based Polish. Furthermore, an overview of the search engine of the same name is provided to show how the size and composition of the corpus, currently reaching over 5.6 billion word tokens, facilitates research on distributional properties of rare words, neologisms and phraseological units. Finally, the article exemplifies some advantages of using a densely-sampled diachronic corpus for the purposes of observing frequency trends and cycles of various constructions in online media discourse.
Opozycyjna działalność polityczna prezydenta Antanasa Smetony w latach 1920–1926
Authors: Malužinas Martinas
Published: November 2020

Antanas Smetona was the father of Lithuania’s independence, a journalist, lawyer, politician, but also Lithuania’s dictator. He is considered an architect of the country’s authoritarian and fascist regime and at the same time was a fugitive who fled the country at a decisive moment. Due to the lack of scientific publications in Polish scientific discourse, my aim is to present oppositional actions of Lithuania’s first president (during the years 1920–1926) as well as to explore new aspects of his political thought/ideology.
Creating the Next Generation of Evidence-Based Veterinary Practitioners and Researchers: What are the Options for Globally Diverse Veterinary Curricula?
Authors: Janicke Heidi , Johnson Melissa A. , Baillie Sarah , Warman Sheena , Stone Diana , Paparo Suzanne , Debnath Nitish C.
Published: November 2020

Veterinary educators strive to prepare graduates for a variety of career options with the skills and knowledge to use and contribute to research as part of their lifelong practice of evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM). In the veterinary curriculum, students should receive a grounding in research and EBVM, as well as have the opportunity to consider research as a career. Seeing a lack of a cohesive body of information that identified the options and the challenges inherent to embedding such training in veterinary curricula, an international group was formed with the goal of synthesizing evidence to help curriculum designers, course leaders, and teachers implement educational approaches that will inspire future researchers and produce evidence-based practitioners. This article presents a literature review of the rationale, issues, and options for research and EBVM in veterinary curricula. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 key stakeholders across the eight Council for International Veterinary Medical Education (CIVME) regions. Emergent themes from the literature and interviews for including research and EBVM skills into the curriculum included societal need, career development, and skills important to clinical professional life. Approaches included compulsory as well as optional learning opportunities. Barriers to incorporating these skills into the curriculum were grouped into student and faculty-/staff-related issues, time constraints in the curriculum, and financial barriers. Having motivated faculty and contextualizing the teaching were considered important to engage students. The information has been summarized in an online “toolbox” that is freely available for educators to inform curriculum development.
Development of Infrastructure and Logistics Support for Russian Grain Exports
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESkH, Altukhov A.I.
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the main reasons that hinder the development of infrastructure and logistics of Russian grain exports. These include, first of all, the underdevelopment of production, transport and market infrastructure; traditional discrepancy between the placement of grain production volumes and the capacities of elevators and granaries; significant stretching of rail and road communications, as well as shortcomings in the use of vehicles; the imperfection of the logistics schemes for the promotion of grain cargo and the relatively high cost of the services provided during their storage and transshipment. Therefore, the accelerated development of infrastructure and transport and logistics support for grain export deliveries in the country should include: an increase of almost one and a half times the nominal grain transshipment capacity; priority development of port infrastructure in the Baltic and Azov-Black Sea basins; increase in throughput capacity of port railway stations, access roads and highways; improving the management of grain commodity flows, the basis of which should be the introduction and development of the principles, forms and methods of logistics, the development and implementation of logistics schemes; reduction of infrastructure and logistics costs within the vertical grain supply chain.
Theoretical Bases of Research of Models of Rural Local Communities Development
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Low of Siberian Department of RAS, Shmakov V.S.
Published: November 2020

A study of the dynamics of rural local communities development shows that a new paradigm of rural development is being formed, which based on the doctrine of a multi-structural economy. Based on the analysis of socio-economic, structural changes, a methodology has been developed for selecting and constructing development models. The article evaluates the effectiveness of modeling socio-cultural processes using the methodology of the system approach. The conditions, principles and basic functions of the models are formulated. The possibilities of using simulation technology are shown. The stages of formation of the simulation model are defined. The sociocultural portrait of rural communities reflects the social structure, conditions, lifestyle and standard of living, differentiation of living conditions of the villagers. Sociocultural behavior determines the social and mental mechanisms of development. Residents of the village generate patterns for maintaining self-identity. The results of the study may be used in the preparation of state programs for the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.
JEOPOLİTİK RİSKLERİN DÖVİZ PİYASALARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: PARAMETRİK OLMAYAN KANTİL NEDENSELLİK TESTİ İLE BRICS-T ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ÖZKAN Oktay
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı jeopolitik risklerin döviz piyasaları üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç içerisinde BRICS-T ülkelerinin Caldara, Iacoviello ve Markiewitz tarafından geliştirilen Jeopolitik Risk Endeksleri ve Dolar karşısındaki yerel para birimlerinin Temmuz 2005 ile Şubat 2020 yılları arasındaki aylık verileri kullanılarak hem getiri oranlarında hem de oynaklıkta doğrusal olmayan nedenselliği gösteren Balcilar ve diğerleri (2016, 2017) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan parametrik olmayan kantil nedensellik testi ile analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda jeopolitik risklerin döviz kurlarının hem getiri oranlarını hem de oynaklığını etkilediği ve dolayısıyla döviz piyasaları üzerinde önemli etkilerinin bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Jeopolitik risklerin yatırımcılar, merkez bankaları, politika yapıcılar ve işletmeler tarafından döviz piyasaları için değerlendirilmesi gereken bir risk faktörü olarak görülmesi gerektiği ulaşılan bir diğer önemli sonuçtur.
Efficacy of a Rinse Containing Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Calculus Formation in a Group of Adults
Authors: Hoover Jay , Hoover Jay , Yarie Karla , Hooper Kirsten , Halstead Ashley , Karunanayake Chandima
Published: November 2020

Objectives: To evaluate a mouth rinse containing tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and sodium
tripolyphosphate on supragingival calculus formation in a group consisting initially of forty adults seeking
periodontal treatment at a Canadian dental school.
Methods: The extent of supragingival calculus in relation to the lingual surfaces of the lower anterior teeth
was measured using the Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index (VMI). In addition, The Plaque Index (PI) was used
to evaluate plaque scores while the presence or absence of gingival bleeding index (GBI) was used to
determine gingival health. At the completion of the hygiene appointment (baseline), the PI, GBI and VMI
was assumed to be zero and the subjects were randomly assigned to test (rinsed twice a day with the
anticalculus mouthwash) or control groups (only used regular dentifrice) and appropriate instructions
provided. After a 60-day trial period, the test and control subjects were recalled, and the clinical
measurements were conducted using the indices indicated above.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the overall reduction in the mean VMI scores
between the test and control groups.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, rinsing with tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and sodium
tripolyphosphate for sixty days did not affect the formation of supragingival calculus in the present cohort
of adults.
Verneuil’s Disease or Hidradenitis Suppurativa Complicated by Verrucous Carcinoma: Description of a Case with Extremely Extended Pathology in Pregnancy
Authors: Parmeggiani Domenico , Parmeggiani Domenico , Ruggiero Roberto , Chiacchio Giuseppe , Faccenda Franco , Brunelli Davide , Lanza Volpe Chiara , Carriero Bruno , Fiorentino Francesco , Gualtieri Giorgia , Docimo Ludovico
Published: November 2020

Background: Verneuil’s disease is a rare suppurative pathology of apocrine glands and pilosebaceous
system of the inguinal-pelvis and perianal region with a multifactorial aetiology. The disease produces skin
fistulas, draining a serum-purulent material on the skin, and finally with spontaneous healing. Verneuil’s
disease can be complicated by recurrence, and unfortunately, by squamous carcinoma. We have found in
literature, just 2 cases of Hidradenitis Suppurativa, complicated by Verrucous Carcinoma.
Main Observation: we describe a patient F, 34-year-old, comes to our observation at 4th gestational month,
with suppurative sinus pilonidalis diagnosis and with the absolute indication of the gynaecologist to the
abortion. We decided to continue the pregnancy. The patient gives birth with C. to 9 months; the new-born
baby was perfectly healthy and after the maternal milk analysis, the baby also nursed for about 2 months.
Finally, we decided to perform a wide excision biopsy and after a controversial histology (first Warty
Carcinoma, then after a “second view” Suppurative Hidradenitis), we started a series of medical treatments,
including biological therapy with Infliximab, but unfortunately with fleeting results. The patient did not
answer substantially. Therefore, the last chance appears a combined demolitive and plastic surgical
treatment. The histology described a Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma maximum diameter of 38 x 26
cm, with lateral deep margins free of neoplastic involvement.
Conclusion: This very advanced clinical behaviour of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa can present in
pregnancy, therefore, motivating the interruption of the same one. Our experience contributes to underlining
the possibility to bring to term the pregnancy. This case report shows how the hormonal activity can anyway
influence the development of the hidradenitis and an interesting hypothesis could consider the hormonal
activity of the pregnancy and the HPV promoting gene regulation (RB) from inflammatory pathology to
neoplastic pathology in VC like a model to study.
Mealybugs of the genus Rhizoecus Kunckel d Herculais, 1878 (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries
Authors: Danzig E.M. , Gavrilov I.A.
Published: November 2020

A key and a review of 15 species inhabiting the territory of the former USSR are given. Rhizoecus microtubulatus Gavrilov & Danzig sp. nov. from Astrakhan is described. All discussed species are briefly morphologically described and illustrated. The lectotype is designated for Rh. vitis Borchsenius, 1949. Four new synonyms are established: Rhizoecus poltavae Laing, 1929 = Rh. desertus Ter-Grigorian, 1967 syn. nov. = Rh. pallidus Tereznikova, 1968 syn. nov.; Rh. tritici Borchsenius, 1949 = Rh. pratensis Borchsenius & Tereznikova, 1959 syn. nov.; Rh. albidus Goux, 1942 = Rh. gentianae Panis, 1968 syn. nov.
Conquistator, a new genus for Podisus mucronatus Uhler, 1897 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with a re-descripton of type species
Authors: Gapon D.A.
Published: November 2020

Conquistator gen. nov., is described to hold the North American species Podisus mucronatus Uhler, 1897. This new genus differs from Podisus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1851, in having the digitiform process on the paramere corpus more characteristic of species in the American asopine genera Apoecilus Stål, 1870 and Supputius Distant, 1889. The new genus, however, also differs from these two genera by essential morphological characters. The type species, Podisus mucronatus Uhler, 1897, is re-described based on a morphological examination of the male and female terminalia.
A new species of the leaf-beetle genus Acolastus Gerstaecker, 1855 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Iran
Authors: Nesterova O.L. , Lopatin I.K.
Published: November 2020

Acolastus shirazicussp. nov. from Iran is described, very similar to Acolastus zarudnii (Jacobson,1916) and A. klimenkoi Romantsov & Bukejs, 2009, but differing in the shape of aedeagus: in comparison with A. zarudnii the apex is narrower, with weak lobes and more strongly bent in profile, while in comparison with A. klimenkoi the apex is narrower and longer.
New to Russia and poorly known species of the genus Aphodius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Akhmetova L.A. , Frolov A.V.
Published: November 2020

Aphodius (Agoliinus) guttatus, A. (Chilothorax) clathratus, and A. (Aphodaulacus) kizeritskyi are recorded from Russia for the first time. Aphodius (Agoliinus) amurensis previously known only from the type locality is found in the Lazo Nature Reserve (Russian Far East). All species are diagnosed and illustrated. Comments on diagnostic characters, distribution and bionomics are given.
Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list
Authors: Naseka A.M. , Bogutskaya N.G.
Published: November 2020

Geographic distribution of some 350 taxa from the Caspian and Black Sea basins were analyzed with regard to recent taxonomy, phylogeny, endemicity and ecological classification. A check-list of the Caspian Sea fishes (taxa from families down to subspecies) is provided. Eighty species and subspecies permanently occur or occasionally recorded from the North Caspian while 33–35 species and subspecies being only distributed in the Middle and South Caspian. Forty-four species are common for the two ecoregions. A comparison of the Caspian and the Black Sea fish faunas and their historical evolution is given with special respect to palaeogeography and palaeohydrology of the basin.
Challenging Hegemonic Patriarchy
Authors: Mahfouz Safi M.
Published: November 2020

Drawing on feminist theory, this article offers a feminist reading of some Arab Hamlet appropriations to demonstrate whether or not such plays qualify as feminist Shakespeare re-visions. It shows how some female characters in these plays have been, unlike their Shakespearean counterparts, empowered to challenge the hegemonic patriarchal structures of their societies while others remain oppressed and submissive. The discussed Arab Shakespeare renditions constitute only illustrative samples of heroic and oppressed women in the Arab Shakespeare canon which has been known for producing political satires. The featured plays include Ahmad Shawqī’s Masra‘ Kileopatrā (The Fall of Cleopatra), Egypt, 1946; Nabyl Lahlou’s Ophelia Is Not Dead, Morocco, 1968; Mamdūh Al-ʻUdwān’s Hamlet Wakes Up Late, Syria, 1976; Yūsuf Al-Sāyyegh’s Desdemona, Iraq, 1989; Jawād Al-Assadī’s Forget Hamlet, Iraq, 1994; and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Palestine, 2011.
GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN İLLERE GÖRE DAĞILIMI: BULANIK K ORTALAMALAR VE SOM KÜMELEME YÖNTEMLERİ
Authors: IŞIK Kasim Can , POLATGİL Mesut
Published: November 2020

Sürekli değişen pazar koşulları ve gelişen teknoloji bağlamında girişimcilik faaliyetlerin önemi özellikle Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde giderek artmaktadır. Girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin aynı özellikleri taşıyan yerlere göre kümelenmesi de aynı şekilde büyük önem arz etmektedir. Çünkü aynı özellikleri taşıyan; sayısı il, kalkınma bölgesi ve coğrafi bölgelere göre daha az olan bu kümeler gerek girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin teşvik edilmesi ve destek sağlanmasında gerekse girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde ortaya çıkan sorunların belirlenmesi ve çözümünde önemli bir veri kaynağıdır. Literatürde Türkiye’deki tüm illeri girişimcilik özelliklerine kümeleyen herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamakla birlikte bu çalışma ile literatürdeki bu açığı kapatmak amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı Girişimci Bilgi Sistemi (GBS)’nde yer alan “İllere göre girişim sayısı, net satışlar ve aktifler” raporları çalışmada veri olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 2017 yılına ilişkin GBS veri tabanında yayımlanan verilere kümeleme yöntemlerinden Bulanık k ortalamalar ile SOM yöntemleri uygulanarak Türkiye’nin girişimcilik haritası çıkarılmıştır. Bulanık k ortalamalar yöntemine göre göre 19 il 3 farklı kümede kalan 62 il tek kümede toplanmışken, SOM kümeleme yöntemine göre ise 8 il 4 farklı kümede kalan 73 il ise tek kümede toplanmıştır. Son olarak ise dikkat çeken bulgulara yer verilmiş, 2 yönteme ait sonuçlar arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar yorumlanmıştır.
Survival by T Stage for Patients with Localized Bladder Cancer: Implications for Future Screening Trials
Authors: Folgosa Cooley Lauren , Weiner Adam B. , Meng Xiaosong , Woldu Solomon L. , Meeks Joshua J. , Lotan Yair
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

There is insufficient data to recommend screening for bladder cancer (BC). For future BC screening trials, it is important to understand how and if tumor (T) stage can act as a surrogate outcome marker for overall (OS) and cancer-specific (CSS) survival.

OBJECTIVE:

To characterize OS and CSS between primary tumor (T) stages in non-metastatic bladder cancer (BC) patients.

METHODS:

Non-metastatic BC patients were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB; 2004-2015) (n = 343,163) and National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) (n = 130,751). Cox multivariable regression compared relationships between T stage (LGTa, HGTa, Tis, LGT1, HGT1, T2-T4) and OS or CSS for all patients and sub-cohorts.

RESULTS:

Compared to stage LGTa as a reference, overall (SEER; NCDB) and cancer-specific (SEER) survival significantly declined with increasing T stage. Using SEER, OS ranged from HGTa (HR 1.16, CI 1.13–1.21, p < 0.001) to T4 (HR 5.70, CI 5.41–6.00, p < 0.001) with a steep inflection between HGT1 (HR 1.68, CI 1.63–1.73, p < 0.001) and T2 (HR 3.39, CI 3.30–3.49, p < 0.001), which was verified with NCDB. The association of stage and CSS was even more pronounced: HGTa (84% 10 year-CSS, HR 1.94, CI 1.81–2.08, p < 0.001), Tis (82% 10 year-CSS, HR 2.28, CI 2.09–2.47, p < 0.001), LGT1 (84% 10 year-CSS, HR 2.30, CI 2.11–2.51, p < 0.001), HGT1 (72% 10 year-CSS, HR 4.24, CI 4.01–4.47, p < 0.001), T2 (48% 10 year-CSS, HR 12.18, CI 11.57–12.82, p < 0.001), T3 (45% 10 year-CSS, HR 14.60, CI 13.63–15.64, p < 0.001), and T4 (29% 10 year-CSS, HR 22.76, CI 21.19–24.44, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Earlier T stage at diagnosis was associated with better OS largely due to differences in CSS. A clinically significant difference between Stage I and Stage II was verified herein in multiple cohorts. Therefore, earlier stage at diagnosis, specifically preventing muscle invasive BC, could potentially improve survival.