bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep Quality Types and Their Influences on Psychological and Physical Health in Chinese Adolescents: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Lai Catie C. W. , Ma Cecilia M. S.
Published: March 2019

Poor sleep in adolescents is a global health problem. This study examined Chinese adolescents’ sleep quality types by using a person-centered approach and examined the associations of adolescent sleep quality types with psychological characteristics and health risk behaviors. Using data from 1,310 Chinese adolescents (53.7% male; mean age = 13.48 years) and latent class analyses, four distinct sleep quality types were identified: good sleepers (26%), fair sleepers (55%), short sleepers (8%), and poor sleepers (11%). These types of sleepers exhibited differences in their psychological characteristics and health risk behaviors. Good sleepers displayed the best psychological health (highest self-esteem, life satisfaction and positive well-being, and fewest depressive symptoms), followed by short sleepers, fair sleepers, and poor sleepers. Good sleepers were least likely to have suicidal thoughts. Short sleepers were most likely to be physically inactive. Poor sleepers were most likely to drink alcohol and have suicidal thoughts. The implications are discussed.
Optimizing Canada–U.S. Border Crossing Investments for Export Competitiveness
Authors: Shahrokhi Shahraki Hamed , Bachmann Chris
Published: March 2019

Border crossings are vital to a nation’s safety and security as well as its economic competitiveness. On one hand, borders are intended to ensure the safety of a nation against external threats; on the other, they are needed to ensure the efficient crossing of legitimate people and goods. For Canada and the United States (U.S.), the latter is particularly important considering that the trade between the two countries amounts to $1.8B USD daily. Small changes in border crossing operations could have large economic impacts on both countries. In this study, a new tool is proposed, which combines a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with several empirical transportation datasets to prioritize Canada–U.S. border crossing investments along the entire international boundary, from both countries’ perspectives. Simulation results suggest that reducing wait times at border crossings can have sizable impacts on trade value, gross domestic product (GDP), and welfare. GDP and welfare changes are always positive with maximum values of $11.50 and $3.15M USD per year, respectively. Border crossing improvements affect industries differently, ranging from an increase of $2.09M USD to a decrease of $–0.22M USD in trade value. Analysis results indicate that the Lansdowne, Ambassador, Sarnia, Fort Erie, and Coutts border crossings are the highest priority for Canada to U.S. trade facilitation. Lastly, results suggest that investing in borders that benefit Canada to U.S. trade typically benefits the U.S.’s GDP as well.
Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Is There a Difference Between the Recreational and the Competitive Athlete?
Authors: Altintas Burak , Anderson Nicole , Dornan Grant J. , Boykin Robert E. , Logan Catherine , Millett Peter J.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Return to sport (RTS) remains an important challenge and measure of success for athletes undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR).

Purpose:

To determine the rate of RTS after RCR and to analyze predictive factors associated with a lower rate of return.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were used for the literature search. Study quality was evaluated according to the Coleman Methodology Score. Studies in English evaluating RTS after arthroscopic repair of partial- or full-thickness rotator cuff tears among athletes of all levels, ages, and sports were included. Random effects meta-analysis and metaregression were performed to investigate RTS activity rate after arthroscopic RCR and to explore study heterogeneity, respectively.

Results:

Fifteen studies were reviewed, including 486 patients (499 shoulders) who were treated with arthroscopic RCR and who had a mean follow-up of 40.1 months (range, 18-74.4 months). Eighteen patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 468 patients with outcome data; 347 identified themselves as athletes (81 competitive, 266 recreational). The most commonly included sports were baseball (n = 45), golf (n = 38), football (n = 23), and tennis (n = 18). RTS specific to the type of athlete was reported for 299 of 347 athletes. According to the meta-analysis, the overall rate of RTS at a similar level of play or higher was 70.2%, with 73.3% of recreational athletes and 61.5% of competitive athletes able to return. A subset of 43 baseball and softball players across 4 studies yielded a 79% rate of RTS; however, only 38% returned to the same level of play or higher. Subgroup meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the rate of RTS between competitive and recreational athletes. Metaregression analysis revealed that the mean follow-up time and mean age at surgery were not significantly associated with RTS rate.

Conclusion:

Most athletes (70.2%) were able to return to a preinjury level of play after arthroscopic RCR. While recreational sports participation (73.3%) was associated with higher return, competitive sports (61.5%) and overhead sports (38%) were associated with lower return. Exactly why all athletes do not return remains uncertain and likely multifactorial.
Assessing the Effect of Mansionization on Suburban Single-Family House Sales Prices
Authors: Charles Suzanne Lanyi
Published: March 2019

Using observed single-family house sales in the inner-ring suburbs of Chicago from 2010 through 2017, this paper uses a multilevel mixed-effects model with crossed random effects to estimate the effect that millennium mansions—new, large single-family houses—have on the sales prices of nearby single-family houses. Controlling for property, sale timing, and surrounding neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, the study finds that mansionization is associated with an increase in the sales prices of neighboring houses. Long-term residents of a neighborhood undergoing mansionization should not fear a decrease in their house values; however, decreases in neighborhood affordability may result in exclusionary displacement.
Development and Entrainment of the Fetal Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: The Role of Glucocorticoids
Authors: Čečmanová Vendula , Houdek Pavel , Šuchmanová Karolína , Sládek Martin , Sumová Alena
Published: March 2019

The adult circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is resilient to glucocorticoids (GCs). The fetal rodent SCN resembles that of the adult in its organization of GC-sensitive peripheral tissues. We tested the hypothesis that the fetal SCN clock is sensitive to changes in GC levels. Maternal GCs must pass through the placenta to reach the fetal SCN. We show that the maternal but not the fetal part of the placenta harbors the autonomous circadian clock, which is reset by dexamethasone (DEX) and rhythmically expresses Hsd11b2. The results suggest the presence of a mechanism for rhythmic GC passage through the placental barrier, which is adjusted according to actual GC levels. GC receptors are expressed rhythmically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN samples. We demonstrate that hypothalamic explants containing the SCN of the mPer2 Luc mouse prepared at embryonic day (E)15 spontaneously develop rhythmicity within several days of culture, with dynamics varying among fetuses from the same litter. Culturing these explants in media enriched with DEX accelerates the development. At E17, treatment of the explants with DEX induces phase advances and phase delays of the rhythms depending on the timing of treatments, and the shifts are completely blocked by the GC receptor antagonist, mifepristone. The DEX-induced phase-response curve differs from that induced by the vehicle. The fetal SCN is sensitive to GCs in vivo because DEX administration to pregnant rats acutely downregulates c-fos expression specifically in the laser-dissected fetal SCN. Our results provide evidence that the rodent fetal SCN clock may respond to changes in GC levels.
L’appropriabilité : essai de théorisation sur le rôle de l’appropriation dans le processus d’achat d’occasion
Authors: Dehling Aurélie , Vernette Eric
Published: March 2019

Résumé

Cet article propose un essai de théorisation sur le rôle de l’appropriation dans le processus d’achat d’occasion. Il fait émerger le concept d’ appropriabilité, défini comme le potentiel plus ou moins élevé d’un objet à devenir la possession pleine et entière d’un consommateur. La définition de ce potentiel dépend de la prégnance de la trace du/des précédent(s) propriétaire(s) et de la nature de la motivation qui a conduit à se le procurer. Les deux séquences du processus d’appropriation d’un objet d’occasion seront définies par ce potentiel : (1) la mise à distance, dont l’intensité varie selon la prégnance de la trace de l’autre et (2) la mise en soi, dont les stratégies – le déni, la créativité ou la maîtrise – dépendent de la nature de la motivation d’achat.
Perpetration and Experience of Spousal Violence Among Nigerian Women: An Analysis of the 2008 and 2013 NDHS
Authors: Dim Eugene Emeka , Olayinka Zainab
Published: March 2019

Various socioeconomic and demographic factors have been known to be associated with spousal violence. The intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences of Nigerian women have been investigated from feminist and life course perspectives from previous studies. However, studies have also pointed to the complexities of victimhood with the presence of IPV perpetration. But there have been few studies on the impact of perpetration of violence on the experience of victimization, and this study seeks to address that gap in knowledge within the Nigerian context. It seeks to understand the dynamics of perpetration and the experience of spousal violence among Nigerian women across 2008 and 2013. The study analyzed the 2008 and 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) data. Using binary logistic regression, the study showed that the perpetration of violence is significantly associated with a woman’s victimization experience, after controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and abuse variables in 2008 and 2013. This study does not in any way minimize the victimization experiences of Nigerian women but simply seeks to provide data that add nuance to our understanding of spousal violence and the possible existence of bidirectional violence among Nigerian spouses.
Extending Discourse of Renewal to Preparedness: Construct and Scale Development of Readiness for Renewal
Authors: Fuller Ryan P. , Ulmer Robert R. , McNatt Ashley , Ruiz Jeanette B.
Published: March 2019

This study developed the construct of readiness for renewal in organizations and evaluated its underlying psychometric properties. We drew on Discourse of Renewal theory to develop, pilot, and refine a scale through three studies with full-time employees whose organizations recently experienced crises. Study 1 established a two-factor structure that included ethical communication and effective organizational rhetoric. Using confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2, we replicated the two-factor solution. Because of a high correlation between factors, we modified the model to include a higher order factor predicting the two lower order factors. Study 3 translated the questionnaire and replicated findings from Study 2 with full-time employees in Mexico. The resulting 15-item instrument in English and Spanish can be used by researchers and practitioners interested in assessing precrisis readiness through the Discourse of Renewal.
Evaluation of a Computerized Insulin Dosing Tool for the Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Defayette Aubrey A. , Voigt Lisa M. , Zammit Kimberly T. , Nadler Jamie N. , Kersten Brian P.
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Computerized insulin dosing tools (CIDT) have been shown to improve the care of critically ill patients with hyperglycemia. Application of a CIDT in addition to a diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) order set for the treatment of DKA has not been evaluated. Our goal was to determine the effects the CIDT would have on the treatment of a patient with DKA.

Methods:

In this retrospective, pre–post chart review, a provider-driven insulin dosing strategy (pregroup) was compared to the CIDT (postgroup) with 24-hour pharmacist monitoring. The CIDT utilized an equation that incorporated a patient’s most recent blood glucose (BG) value and recommended a rate of insulin (units/hour) every hour.

Results:

All baseline characterizes were similar between the 2 groups. There were no significant differences in average time to anion gap closure (≤ 12 mEq/L) or intensive care unit length of stay between the pregroup and postgroup (12.5 [6] hours vs 10.5 [7] hours, P = 0.235; 40.6 [24] hours vs 40.8 [24] hours, P = 0.945). Although not statistically significant, 17 hypoglycemic events (BG < 70 mg/dL) occurred in the pregroup with 4 being severe (BG < 50 mg/dL) while 5 hypoglycemic events occurred in the postgroup, none of which were severe.

Conclusion:

This study suggests, when compared to a provider-driven insulin dosing strategy, the CIDT with 24-hour pharmacist monitoring is efficacious and safe for treatment of patients with a primary diagnosis of DKA.
Vancomycin Area Under the Curve Dosing and Monitoring at an Academic Medical Center: Transition Strategies and Lessons Learned
Authors: Gregory Eric R. , Burgess Donna R. , Cotner Sarah E. , VanHoose Jeremy D. , Flannery Alexander H. , Gardner Brian , Autry Elizabeth B. , Forster Derek W. , Burgess David S. , Wallace Katie L.
Published: March 2019

Due to the inconsistent correlation of vancomycin trough concentrations with 24-hour area under the curve (AUC) and a desire to reduce rates of vancomycin-associated acute kidney injury, an institutional guideline was implemented by the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team in September 2017 to monitor vancomycin using AUC. Three stages were utilized to organize the process: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The preparation stage was used to present literature to key stakeholders, and pharmacy meetings focused on the development of a dosing and monitoring guideline. Along with institution-wide education, the implementation stage included information technology development and support. The evaluation stage was comprised of quality improvement and clinical research. Future plans include dissemination of the results and analyses. Numerous lessons were learned due to barriers experienced during the process, but the transition was successful.
Integrating innovation into the UAE Qualifications Framework (QFEmirates)
Authors: Halaweh Mohanad
Published: March 2019

In recent years, entrepreneurship and innovation have become important topics in academia. In 2016, they were made a compulsory joint course subject for general education or college students in the UAE higher education system. However, this viewpoint article suggests that entrepreneurship and innovation should be an integral component of each course taken by a student. The author proposes that innovativeness should be integrated into the learning outcome strands of the UAE Qualifications Framework (QFEmirates) so that this area of competency can be assessed comprehensively. The article also highlights the key challenges facing the implementation of this proposed integration and offers suggestions on how these might be overcome.
What is opposition good for?
Authors: Demirkaya Betul
Published: March 2019

Governments in representative democracies may have incentives to pursue policies that do not align with voters’ preferences. When voters lack information about the policy bias of the government and the consequences of policy alternatives, they will have difficulty holding the government accountable. I propose a formal model that explores whether an opposition party can help solve this problem by providing information about policy alternatives. The model acknowledges that opposition parties may have incentives to mislead voters because of their own policy biases or election concerns. Despite this challenge, the model shows that the presence of an opposition party may induce a biased government to adjust its policies. For this disciplining equilibrium to work, the reputations of the opposition and the government should be close to each other, or the voter should believe that one policy alternative is much more likely to be good for her than another alternative. In addition, the government should be sufficiently concerned about winning the elections, and the opposition should be sufficiently concerned about policy. Under the same conditions, however, misleading information on the opposition may cause an unbiased government to implement policies that are detrimental to voter welfare.
Renewal of the 14-year journey of the Endangered Archives Programme
Authors: Suliman Rihana
Published: March 2019

Historical archives around the world are subject to general neglect, ravages of time, poor storage, damaging environmental conditions or the destructive forces of war. The Endangered Archives Programme, first established in 2004, addresses these issues through its unyielding efforts to preserve endangered material, digitise it, safely deposit surrogate copies in more than one location and, most importantly, making it freely available online through the British Library’s website. The Programme ensures that histories of human activities from around the globe remain available for contemporary users and for future generations. This article focuses on the journey that started 14 years ago and is still ongoing due to the valuable contribution by Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, to preserve documentary heritage. This article discusses the growth, development and achievements of the Programme. In 2018, Arcadia generously renewed its support of the Endangered Archives Programme, hopefully enabling it to reach further archives that are yet to be preserved.
Accounting for random observation time in risk prediction with longitudinal markers: An imputation approach
Authors: Han Yongli , Liu Danping
Published: March 2019

Longitudinally measured biomarkers are useful to predict the risk of clinical endpoints, since subject-specific marker trajectory contains additional information on pathology and critical windows. The work is motivated by the Scandinavian Fetal Growth Study, aiming at predicting pregnancy outcomes with repeated ultrasound measurements during pregnancy. While the observation time of markers often varies across individuals, it is not well understood how the variations affect risk prediction. Existing methods of longitudinal risk prediction, such as shared random effects model and pattern mixture model, construct a prediction implicitly as a function of the biomarkers and their observation time. Methods that ignore the longitudinal structure, such as sufficient dimension reduction and logistic regression, have better interpretability regarding how a biomarker measured at specific time window contributes to the disease risk, but often have reduced accuracy because of ignoring the observation time information. We propose a novel imputation approach to handle the random observation time, while preserving the direct interpretation. Through extensive simulation studies and analyses of the Scandinavian Fetal Growth Study data, we systematically compared the discrimination and calibration performance of different risk prediction methods, and found that the imputation method has comparable performance to longitudinal methods with an advantage of better interpretability.
Acupuncture protects the interstitial cells of Cajal by regulating miR-222 in a rat model of post-operative ileus
Authors: Deng Jing-jing , Lai Ming-yin , Tan Xinghua , Yuan Qing
Published: March 2019

Background:

Recovery of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) during post-operative ileus (POI) is important for the restoration of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Acupuncture can protect ICCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether miR-222, c-kit and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are involved in the putative effects of acupuncture on ICC recovery.

Methods:

A POI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by colo-colic anastomosis, and then acupuncture was performed at bilateral ST36, SP6 and LR3 once daily for 3 consecutive days. C-kit protein expression in the colonic tissue adjacent to the incision site was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. mRNA levels of c-kit, eNOS and miR-222 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:

The levels of c-kit mRNA/protein and eNOS mRNA decreased, while miR-222 increased in the colonic tissues of POI model rats. Acupuncture treatment improved GI motility, inhibited the up-regulation of miR-222 and blocked the down-regulation of c-kit mRNA/protein and eNOS mRNA. The levels of miR-222 and c-kit were negatively correlated.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture at ST36, SP6 and LR3 facilitates ICC recovery and improves post-operative GI motility in part through regulation of miR-222, c-kit and eNOS.
The Prevalence and Social Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Associations With Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors Among Adults in Laos
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Vonglokham Manithong , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Sychareun Vanphanom , Peltzer Karl
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption and its associations with noncommunicable diseases risk factors among adults in Laos. In a national cross-sectional survey in 2013, 2527 individuals (18-64 years old) responded to a questionnaire, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and biochemistry tests were conducted. On average, participants had 0.99 servings of fruits a day and 1.33 servings of vegetables a day, a combined total of 2.32 servings of FAVs per day. Almost 1 in 5 respondents (18.9%) had 2 or more servings of fruit a day, 8.7% had 3 or more servings of vegetables a day, and 94.7% had less than 5 servings of FAV a day. In adjusted logistic analysis, being a Lao-Tai increased the odds of consuming 2 or more servings of fruits daily. Past month binge drinking decreased the odds of having 3 or more servings of vegetables daily. Higher education and urban residence decreased the odds of inadequate (<5 servings) FAV consumption. In adjusted linear regression analysis, increased FAV consumption was associated with higher body mass index scores. A high prevalence of inadequate FAV consumption was found. Interventions targeting identified modifiable risk factors, including lower education, general obesity, and binge drinking, may potentially increase FAV consumption in Laos.
Burnout and distress in Australian physician trainees: Evaluation of a wellbeing workshop
Authors: Axisa Carmen , Nash Louise , Kelly Patrick , Willcock Simon
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop intervention to promote wellbeing for Australian physician trainees using a randomized-controlled design.

Methods:

Participants were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group attended a half-day workshop. Outcome measures included depression anxiety stress scale, professional quality of life scale and alcohol use disorders identification test. Demographic and work/life factors were measured. Measurements were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and the workshop was evaluated by participants.

Results:

High rates of burnout (76%) and secondary traumatic stress (91%) were detected among study participants and around half met screening criteria for depression (52%), anxiety (46%) and stress (50%) at baseline. Workshop evaluations showed that participants agreed that the training was relevant to their needs (96%) and met their expectations (92%). There was a small reduction in alcohol use, depression and burnout in the intervention group compared with the control group at 6 months, but these changes did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

High rates of psychological morbidity detected in the study suggest that physician trainees are a vulnerable group who may benefit from initiatives that promote wellbeing and changes in the workplace to reduce distress.
Cohesiveness is not an adequate theory of general individuation and it does not account for living individuals
Authors: Ayala David C
Published: March 2019

Villalobos and Razeto-Barry propose a theory of living individuals that includes both considerations about autopoietic systems and about material individuals. However, I think that their characterisation of individuality is problematic and would not be useful to account for living individuals.
Molecular Pathologic Subtyping of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma in Young Patients
Authors: Shelekhova Ksenya V. , Krykow Kirill A. , Mescherjakov Igor A. , Mitin Nikolay P.
Published: March 2019

Urothelial cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular pathways that produce distinct molecular subtypes with specific characteristics and patient survival outcomes that require different therapeutic methods. Urothelial tumors in young patients appear to have distinct genetic features compared with their counterparts in older patients. Using a Lund subtype-specific immunohistochemistry panel, we performed molecular subtype profiling of an urothelial carcinoma case series (n = 49) in patients younger than 45 years of age. We demonstrate that the urothelial carcinoma in young patients tends to be of molecular urothelial-like A subtype (80%) and is associated with favorable, recurrent-free survival ( P = .022). In the urothelial-like cluster, we identified a portion of patients (10%) with high-grade non–muscle-invasive cancers (so-called urothelial-like D type) that showed significantly higher levels of squamous differentiation and p16, E2F3, and ki67 expression in addition to aberrant expression of Ck20 and a trend toward lower recurrent-free survival ( P = .057). Segregation of the cohort according to the decade of occurrence revealed that all tumors (n = 8) of patients younger than 30 years were clearly classified as urothelial-like A subtype. Statistically more aggressive molecular subtypes, such as urothelial-like D and basal/squamous-like (6%) subtypes, were identified in patients older than 30 years of age. Genomically unstable (2%) and mesenchymal-like (2%) subtypes were classified in the 40- to 44-year age group only. These data suggest that more aggressive molecular subtypes of bladder carcinoma appear and become more frequent with age. Further investigations are needed to validate this hypothesis.
Getting STIF[ed]: Louisville’s Yum! Center, Sales-Tax Increment Financing, and Megaproject Underperformance
Authors: Sroka Robert
Published: March 2019

This article evaluates the revenue performance failings of the Yum! Center, a sports arena in Louisville, with the primary objective of explaining how a flawed deal arose in the first place. While the literature addressing public subsidization of sports facilities primarily contemplates economic impact underperformance, Louisville provides an extreme instance of failed financial performance leading to a bailout. The revenue challenges, arising from sales-tax increment financing and the lease agreement, link the arena to a wider literature on megaproject underperformance, characterized by three primary threads: rent-seeking, governance structures, and project cultures. This article evaluates the Yum! Center through representative lenses from each of these threads before offering key lessons for future projects.
Evaluation of the Toxicity and Neurological Effects of Fulranumab in Adult Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Rocca Meredith , Han Chao , Butt Mark , Coogan Timothy P.
Published: March 2019

Fulranumab, an anti-human nerve growth factor antibody, was evaluated in a series of nonclinical toxicology studies. No treatment effects were observed in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys in standard design, repeat-dose toxicology studies of up to 6 months. Adverse effects on the developing nervous system were observed in offspring of pregnant cynomolgus monkeys treated with fulranumab. Subsequent studies including detailed morphologic investigations of the nervous system did reveal fulranumab-related changes in adult cynomolgus monkeys; this article is focused on those findings. A single dose of ≥1 mg/kg fulranumab administered subcutaneously (SC) caused a decrease in neuron and sympathetic ganglion size (superior cervical ganglion), observed morphologically and stereologically, with a resulting appearance of increased glial cell density. Similar results were observed in repeat-dose (15 to 52 weeks) toxicity studies at ≤50 mg/kg/wk fulranumab SC. These effects recovered after a 3-month treatment-free period. Fulranumab did not cause any neuronal death, necrosis, apoptosis, or any apparent decrease in function of sympathetic neurons/ganglia at any time point examined. A no observed effect level (NOEL) was established at 0.25 mg/kg fulranumab SC every 4 weeks for 28 weeks.
Neuroprotective effects of topical coenzyme Q10 + vitamin E in mechanic optic nerve injury model
Authors: Ekicier Acar Selcan , Sarıcaoğlu M Sinan , Çolak Aysel , Aktaş Zeynep , Sepici Dinçel Aylin
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

We aimed to create mechanic optic nerve injury model in rats and investigate the neuroprotective effects of topical Coenzyme Q10 + Vitamin E (CoQ + Vit.E) molecules on retinal ganglion cells.

Methods:

Mechanic optic nerve injury model was created in the right eyes of rats (n = 12). Rats were divided into two groups: glaucoma model with sham treatment and topical CoQ + Vit.E treatment. Treatment was applied for 4 weeks. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Brn-3a antibody, and anti-Iba1 were examined by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Bax, Bcl-xL, and Tfam protein expression were measured by Western blot analysis.

Results:

The number of Brn-3a-positive retinal ganglion cell was 15.0 ± 1.0 (min: 14, max: 16) in sham treatment group and 22.2 ± 4.8 (min: 18, max: 29) in topical CoQ10 + Vit.E treatment group. The protection of Brn-3a in CoQ10 + Vit.E was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Glial fibrillary acidic protein–positive astroglial counts were recorded as 11.7 ± 2.1 (min: 10, max: 14) in sham treatment and 2.5 ± 1.5 (min: 1, max: 4) in topical CoQ10 + Vit.E treatment group (p < 0.05). Topical CoQ10 + Vit.E treatment also decreased Iba1 expression in the retina of mechanic optic nerve injury groups. CoQ10 + Vit.E treatment prevented apoptotic cell death by increasing Bcl-xL protein expression. Also, CoQ10 + Vit.E preserved Tfam protein expression in the retina.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that in glaucoma treatment the neuron protecting effect of topical CoQ10 + Vit.E molecules can be valuable.
Checklist for the Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis Using Biologics: A Delphi Study
Authors: Fahim Christine , Kim Ben Whan , Bourcier Marc , Glassman Steven , Gooderham Melinda , Guenther Lyn , Gulliver Wayne , Lynde Charles , Poulin Yves , Pratt Melanie , Shear Neil , Vender Ronald , Walsh Scott , Fahim Simone
Published: March 2019

Background:

Despite the complexity of psoriasis treatment using biologic therapy, there does not exist a standardized synoptic reporting form for the initiation of this population. The purpose of this study was to use a modified Delphi approach to develop a standard checklist for the standardized documentation of patients receiving systemic biologic therapy for psoriasis.

Methods:

A modified Delphi survey was conducted over 3 rounds (February 2017 through January 2018). An expert panel generated a 51-item checklist that was proposed to participants. Items were rated on an anchored 1-7 Likert scale. Consensus was defined apriori as ≥ 70% agreement by respondents.

Results:

A total of 58, 17, and 18 dermatologists participated in 3 consecutive Delphi rounds, respectively. Only half of the dermatologists surveyed reported using a checklist for the management of psoriasis. The final checklist comprised 19, 5, 6, and 9 items pertaining to patient history; physical exam and history of systemic therapy; vaccinations; and lab investigations and bloodwork, respectively.

Conclusions:

Given the increasing availability and complexity of biologic agents for psoriasis treatment, there is a need to promote standardized documentation for this population. The Checklist for the Systemic Treatment of Psoriasis presents 38 items that should be considered when initiating patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy.
Speaking truth to power? Anti-bureaucratic romanticism from critical organizational theorizing to the White House
Authors: Lopdrup-Hjorth Thomas , du Gay Paul
Published: March 2019

In spite of their distinctive normative and political differences, critical organizational scholars use a vocabulary which in several respects resembles that adopted by right-wing populists. This vocabulary, we argue, consists of components that can be deployed in the pursuit of radically conflicting goals. At its heart lies a profoundly antithetical stance toward bureaucracy and the state. In this article, we explore the components of this vocabulary as well as the role they play in both populist- and critical organizational theory-variants. In doing so, we further discuss the lack of critical potential this vocabulary has in the present. For critical organization scholars, we argue, this should perhaps lead to a renewed consideration and reflexivity concerning not only the merits of bureaucracy and the state, but also of how to conduct critique in populist times.
Worse or even better than expected? Outcome expectancies and behavioral experiences in the context of physical activity among cancer patients
Authors: Ungar Nadine , Rupprecht Fiona S , Steindorf Karen , Wiskemann Joachim , Sieverding Monika
Published: March 2019

Expectancies of cancer patients regarding their physical activity before they took part in a behavior change intervention were compared with their experiences during the intervention period. A total of 66 cancer patients completed either a randomly assigned 4-week physical activity or a stress-management counseling intervention. On average, participants had positive expectancies toward physical activity. Outcome expectancies predicted outcomes (e.g. physical activity) at a 10-week follow-up. Outcome realization (discrepancy between expectancies and experiences) further increased explained variance in self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment. In conclusion, not only initial outcome expectancies but also their realizations seem to be important for subsequent behavior and cognitions.
Evidence or stereotype? Health inequalities and representations of sex workers in health publications in England
Authors: Putnis Nina , Burr Jennifer
Published: March 2019

The health of sex workers is considerably influenced by their position in society and by the marginalisation and stigmatisation they face worldwide. They are frequently criminalised and labelled as deviant, disordered or ‘vulnerable’: stereotypes that simplify and misrepresent their realities. Sex work policies create social and structural barriers, creating dangerous work environments and exacerbating significant health inequalities. Health organisations and their policies play an important role in highlighting inequalities and guiding health systems in reducing them. In this article, we use a document analysis design to analyse how and when sex workers are depicted in policies and publications by English national health organisations: National Health Service (NHS) England, Public Health England and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, along with the UK Department of Health. We find that sex workers are largely absent in these documents and, when present, are depicted not using evidence, but simplistically with moralistic undertones. The dichotomous constructions found in these texts: vulnerable yet also criminal ‘prostitute’ reflect wider political and social constructions of sex working women. This not only obscures their realities but also homogenises, blames and stigmatises, ultimately doing the opposite of what these organisations purport to do: it damages their health and well-being.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to Henoch–Schönlein purpura: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Wu Lin , Chai Minglei , Huang Xiaofang , Zhu Jiajin , Li Shaojun , Zhang Jun , Zhang Huahong
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Meta-analysis was performed in the current study to evaluate the relationship of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with the risk of the incidence of Henoch–Schönlein purpura.

Methods:

The electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed and Google scholar, were systemically retrieved to search for related articles. Meanwhile, statistical analysis was performed using the odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Results:

A total of six articles enrolling 504 patients and 706 healthy controls was enrolled into the current meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis suggested that the angiotensin-converting enzyme D allele was markedly correlated with the risk of the incidence of Henoch–Schönlein purpura among the general population (deletion (D) vs. insertion (I): odds ratio (OR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.93; DD vs. II: OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.06–4.70; DI vs. II: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.00–1.85; dominant model: OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.42; recessive model: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.06–3.16). Moreover, such a polymorphism was found to correlate with the susceptibility to Henoch–Schönlein purpura when studies were stratified according to the sample size of over 200. In addition, such a polymorphism was recognised to be remarkably associated with the susceptibility to Henoch–Schönlein purpura in the Caucasian population, which was not found in the Asian population.

Conclusions:

The results of the current meta-analysis indicate that the angiotensin-converting enzyme D allele might be a risk factor against the risk of Henoch–Schönlein purpura, especially in Caucasians.
Systematic Review of the Patterns of Orofacial Injuries in Physically Abused Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sarkar Reena , Ozanne-Smith Joan , Bassed Richard
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To examine the evidence base for patterns of oro-facial injuries in physical abuse cases of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years.

Data sources:

Systematic searches of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Central and grey literature, dating from the oldest entry to August 2017.

Review methods:

Search criteria included English language peer reviewed articles and theses on physical abuse cases affecting the age group of 0-17 years. Exclusion criteria were: Case reports and <10 case series; studies involving bite mark injuries elsewhere on the body, sexual, ritualistic or emotional abuse and neglect, exposure to domestic violence; reviews; book chapters and conference proceedings. The following data was extracted: quality and design of study, oro-facial manifestations, new/old injuries, fatalities, coexistent injuries, co-morbidities and radiologic investigations. Each study was subjected to two independent reviews and a third, if reviewers disagreed.

Results:

The authors identified 51 articles, 26 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The oro-facial signs were superficial injuries of face, ears, neck, lips and oral mucosa, burns, torn fraenii and fractured teeth and jaws. A minority of studies stood out due to their well-developed design; expert opinion inclusion; new/old/occult injury investigations and facial bruising/ intraoral injuries as sentinel markers. Overall, the review demonstrated weak study quality and representativeness as well as lacunae in uniform reporting.

Conclusions:

The available literature does not endorse any pathognomonic signature patterns of child physical abuse to the exposed oro-facial region.
Claude V. Palisca as Music Educator: The Yale Seminar on Music Education and the Norton Anthology of Western Music
Authors: Simonović Schiff Jelena Dj. , Humphreys Jere T.
Published: March 2019

Claude V. Palisca (1921–2001) was a prominent American musicologist and music educator. He authored books and articles about Renaissance and Baroque music theory and developments in musicology, but is most widely known as the founder and first editor of the Norton Anthology of Western Music ( NAWM) and coauthor of A History of Western Music, the two music history textbooks that are still in use in classrooms worldwide. In this article, we trace Palisca’s first idea of the NAWM’s structure, content, and purpose through his writings and activities between the 1950s and late 1970s. The central part among Palisca’s activities in music education belongs to his organization of the Yale Seminar on Music Education, his seminar report, and the listening curriculum designed to instill more balance between performance and academic study in largely performance-oriented public school music programs. In his listening curriculum, Palisca argued for emphasis on understanding music through listening within the historical and theoretical context of the music work, an approach he would later pursue in the NAWM. Palisca hinted that a similar teaching “package” is needed for the undergraduate level, thus identifying the listening curriculum from his Yale Seminar report as the first glimmer of the future NAWM.
Coping With College Obstacles: The Complicated Role of Familia for First-Generation Mexican American College Students
Authors: Rodriguez Sarah L. , Garbee Kelty , Martínez-Podolsky Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

This qualitative study examined how first-generation Mexican American college students sought support from their families to cope with challenges. Some students had very close relationships with their family members and allowed them to be an integral part of their coping processes. However, others separated family from the coping or built chosen “families” from college peers and mentors to help them cope. In most instances, students simultaneously engaged in multiple coping processes to meet their individual needs.
Latinx STEM Teacher Formation through a Cultural Wealth Lens
Authors: Monarrez Angelica , Wagler Amy , Wagler Ron
Published: March 2019

This study draws on the framework of cultural wealth to interpret ways in which Latinx science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) preservice teachers who participated in a National Science Foundation–funded Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship represent their motivation to become STEM teachers. Our analysis of in-depth interviews and one focus group with Noyce scholars revealed five sources of cultural capital: familial, aspirational, social, linguistic, and navigational in their motivation as well as an emergent-resistant capital as future STEM teachers.
Participation, Meaningful Activity, and Social Support Among U.S. Student Service Members/Veterans
Authors: Eakman Aaron M. , Kinney Adam R. , Reinhardt Rebecca
Published: March 2019

Student service members/veterans (SSM/Vs) may experience diminished social support and meaningful activity due to health-related sequelae, in turn threatening their community reintegration. Social and community participation may foster both social support and meaningful activity. This study assessed whether social and community participation explained social support and meaningful activity and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Veterans’ Social and Community Participation Assessment (VSCPA). Online surveys generated responses to the VSCPA, indicators of social support, meaningful activity, health-related challenges, and demographic characteristics. Multiple regression models explored predictors of social support and meaningful activity. The VSCPA comprised three components: active community participation, familial and household participation, and social participation. These components exhibited positive associations with social support and meaningful activity and negative relationships with health-related sequelae. Targeting social and community participation among SSM/Vs may be a fruitful means by which occupational therapists bolster social support and meaningful activity.
Real-Time Monitoring of Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Reduction of Cytotoxic Effects of Analgesics and NSAIDs on Tenocytes Proliferation
Authors: Chiu Chih-Hao , Chen Poyu , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu , Chan Yi-Sheng , Hsu Kuo-Yao , Rei Higashikawa , Lei Kin Fong
Published: March 2019

Tendinopathy is a common painful musculoskeletal disorder treated by injection of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are believed to have cytotoxicity toward tenocytes. Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant that promotes collagen biosynthesis and prevents free radical formation. It is believed to protect tenocytes from oxidative stress. The optimal concentration of ascorbic acid, especially when used in conjunction with anesthetics and NSAIDs injection, to treat different stages of tendinopathies is unknown. Human tenocytes were isolated from a torn edge of the supraspinatus tendon of a 51-year-old male patient during arthroscopic repair. We monitored real-time changes in human tenocyte proliferation upon exposure to different concentrations of ascorbic acid, bupivacaine, and ketorolac tromethamine using the xCELLigence system. No significant changes in cell index were observed between the control group and tenocytes treated with the 3 concentrations of ascorbic acid. Tenocytes exposed to 0.5% bupivacaine and 30 or 15 mg/mL ketorolac tromethamine revealed significant reduction in tenocytes proliferation. Bupivacaine 0.5% with 250 μg/mL ascorbic acid and 15 mg/mL ketorolac tromethamine with 250 μg/mL ascorbic acid showed the least cytotoxicity against tenocytes. The optimal ascorbic acid concentration required to reduce the cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine and ketorolac tromethamine was demonstrated using this platform.
Molecular basis of familial adenomatous polyposis in the southeast of Brazil: identification of six novel mutations
Authors: Araujo Luiza Ferreira , Molfetta Greice Andreotti , Vincenzi Otavio Costa , Huber Jair , Teixeira Lorena Alves , Ferraz Victor Evangelista , Silva Wilson Araujo
Published: March 2019

Background:

The goal of this study was to screen point mutations and deletions in APC and MUTYH genes in patients suspected of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in a Brazilian cohort.

Methods:

We used high-resolution melting, Sanger direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe association (MLPA) assays to identify point mutations, and large genomic variations within the coding regions of APC and MUTYH genes.

Results:

We identified 19 causative mutations in 40 Brazilian patients from 20 different families. Four novel mutations were identified in the APC gene and two in the MUTYH gene. We also found a high intra- and inter-familial diversity regarding extracolonic manifestations, and gastric polyps were the most common manifestation found in our cohort.

Conclusion:

We believe that the FAP mutational spectrum can be population-specific and screening FAP patients in different populations can improve pre-clinical diagnosis and improve clinical conduct.