bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
User Experience Transformation in Enterprise Communication Platforms: A Longitudinal Analysis of Google Chat's UI Refresh Initiative
Authors: Hemanth Aditya
Published: December 2024

This article examines the impact of user experience (UX) improvements in corporate communication tools, specifically analyzing the recent UI refresh of Google Chat as a representative case study. The article explores how interface redesign influences workplace productivity and team collaboration in remote work settings through a mixed-methods investigation combining user behavior analysis, performance metrics, and satisfaction surveys. The findings indicate that optimized navigation patterns, restructured home screen layouts, and enhanced task management features significantly improve information discovery and cross-functional communication efficiency. The article reveals that thoughtful UX improvements can substantially reduce cognitive load, streamline workflow processes, and enhance team coordination in distributed work environments. Furthermore, the article identifies key design principles that drive user adoption and engagement in enterprise communication platforms. These insights contribute to the growing knowledge on digital workplace transformation and provide practical implications for organizations investing in communication tool improvements. The article concludes by proposing a framework for evaluating and implementing UX enhancements in enterprise communication systems while acknowledging the dynamic nature of remote work requirements and user expectations.
Survey Paper on Orchard Tree Segmentation
Authors: Mr. Mahesh J. Kanase  , Dr. Jaydeep B Patil  , Dr. Sangram T. Patil
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to suggest a way for segmenting orchard trees from aerial images using several techniques. The goal was to automatically identify and recognize the orchard tree canopy in a variety of settings, including varying seasons, tree ages, and weed cover levels. Three distinct walnut orchards' worth of photos made up the implemented dataset. The dataset's attained variety led to the acquisition of photos that fit various use cases. Accuracy for training, validation, and testing were 91%, 90%, and 87%, respectively, for the best-trained model. To address problems with out-of-the-field boundary transparent pixels from the image, the trained model was additionally evaluated on previously unseen orthomosaic images of orchards using two techniques (oversampling and undersampling).
Identification of polymorphisms of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in samples of black-and-white cattle from different time periods
Authors: Abdelmanova A. S. , Fornara M. S. , Bakoev N. F. , Zinovieva N. A.
Published: December 2024

The leukemia virus causes persistent lymphocytosis in cattle, resulting to significant economic losses. There are genetic mechanisms of resistance to the development of the disease. It is important to monitor cattle herds for carriage of the leukemia virus and genotype animals to identify alleles associated with resistance to leukemia development.

The aim of the work is to assess changes in allele frequencies of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus in the blackand-white breed of cattle due to breeding work. Samples of biological material from modern animals of the black-and-white breed (BLWT_MOD, n = 10), as well as archival samples of animals used in breeding work in the late 70s — early 80s of the twentieth century (BLWT_OLD, n = 10) were studied. Based on the complete sequences of the 2nd exon, the allele polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus was determined. A decrease in allelic diversity was observed: 14 unique alleles were identified in the modern population, and 17 in the archived population. As a result of the breeding work in the modern population, the proportion of resistant alleles in the modern population increased by 33.33%, and the proportion of sensitive alleles by 50% compared to the archived one. The proportion of neutral alleles or alleles with unknown status in the modern population has decreased slightly (by 23.08%). The enrichment of the modern population of black-and-white cattle with alleles associated with sensitivity to leukemia may be associated both with their introduction into the gene pool as a result of crossbreeding with Holstein bulls, and with the breeding work aimed at increasing milk productivity. Significant economic losses as a result of low productive longevity of leukemia-sensitive animals require adjustment of the breeding work taking into account the allelic status.
Food security: threats, challenges, opportunities
Authors: Golovina S. G. , Kuznetsova A. R. , Khayrullin M. F.
Published: December 2024

Relevance. The study, the results of which are presented in this article, is focusedon the specification of various aspects of providing the population with food products, both purely conceptual (clarification of some fundamental concepts in this research topic) and practice-oriented (identification of factors influencing the country’s food security both in a negative and positive way).

Methods. The review and analytical methods used in the work and covering a scrupulous study of the results of modern research on the topic of food security and innovative practices for its provision in Russia and other countries of the world, give the obtained generalizations theoretical and practical significance. The information materials used in the study (including statistical ones), taken from official sources, including information from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, international organizations, confirm its objectivity and reliability.

Results. The main results of the study should include, firstly, the specification of the basic elements of the modern concept of food security, including (1) self-sufficiency in the most important types of agricultural products, (2) availability of important food products for the population of the country (region), (3) stability, flexibility and adaptability of the environment that determines the provision of the population with basic types of food, secondly, an assessment of the current level of food security in the Russian Federation, thirdly, the definition of key factors influencing the achievement of food security in the context of modern challenges and threats of a biological, climatic and geopolitical nature
Infection of reindeer of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with pathogens of vector-borne diseases
Authors: Nikolaev S. V. , Bessolitsyna E. A.
Published: December 2024

health, therefore, monitoring the prevalence of these diseases is an urgent area of scientific research.

Methods. The material for the research was stabilized reindeer blood (n = 83). Infection of animals with anaplasmosis, babesiosis, borreliosis, teileriosis and ehrlichiosis was established by PCR with subsequent separation of amplification products by vertical electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The morphological profile of the blood was studied using the URIT-3020 analyzer.

Results. The genetic material of the pathogens of the genus Babesia was found in the blood of 18.1% of animals, with a maximum infection rate of adults (20.0%), and the DNA of tayleria was isolated in 2.4% of samples. Anaplasmosis infection averaged 3.6%, with a maximum infection rate of choruses (10.0%). The causative agent of ehrlichiosis was identified in 30.1% of the samples, while in 8.4% the carrier was in the form of monoinfection. Spirochaetosis was detected in 50.6% of the surveyed livestock, with a maximum infection of vazhenok (55.6%). In the form of monoinfection, borreliosis was found in 12.1% of reindeer. Coinfection of borreliosis and ehrlichiosis was most often observed (the average infection with the two pathogens was 19.3%). Mixinfection of Babesia, Borrelia and Ehrlichia was found in 10.8% of reindeer, and simultaneous carriage of Anaplasma, Babesia and Borrelia was detected in 1.2% of the studied livestock. Hematological studies have shown that in all age and gender groups, against the background of infection with vector-borne pathology, there is a decrease in the average volume of red blood cells (by 3.6–8.7%, р ≤ 0.05) and the hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (by 3.4–4.8%, р ≤ 0.05).
Monitoring the quality of incubation eggs of meat crosses of imported and domestic production
Authors: Shapovalov S. O. , Buryakov N. P. , Kornilova E. V. , Zhevnerov A. V. , Altukhov T. D. , Anikina D. S.
Published: December 2024

The incubation eggs of the Cobb 500 cross (Hendrix Genetics), Ross 308 cross (Aviagen®), “Smena 9” cross from the All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Poultry Farming were monitored. The physico-chemical parameters and physico-mechanical properties of the shell were evaluated and differences in the mineral composition were revealed: macro-, micro-, ultramicroelements. Morphometric and physico-chemical constants of the incubation egg contents have been established. The content of the main biologically active substances and the mineral composition of protein and yolk were compared. A method for evaluating an incubation egg is proposed for predicting hatch rates based on the principal component method and ranking ranges. Information has been obtained, the use of which significantly increases the efficiency of productive incubation indicators in meat poultry farming with specified parameters of egg fertilization productivity of 95–96.5%, with the hatching of chickens from 75 to 85%. 23–24 indicators reflecting the physical, mechanical, chemical, morphometric and weight indicators of incubation eggs are identified. It is recommended to use approximate reference values of quality indicators for specified productivity parameters. It is proposed to grade incubation eggs into four grades (AA, A, B, C) and rank them into four ranks (I, II, III, IV). The best option in terms of productivity is AA rank, a more significant indicator is I, a less significant rank is IV.
Old Ideas Made New Again
Authors: Adler Susan
Published: December 2024

I started teaching long ago. The air was full of new ideas about curriculum and teaching methods. In the United States and the United Kingdom we had the “New Social Studies,” “New Math,” exciting hands-on science projects, and the like. It was all about engaging learners in the “methods of the discipline,” in doing inquiry not just memorizing facts. This was a long time ago. Today we are hearing these old “new” ideas again.

In fact, we have been hearing for some years now that we have to do school differently; that teaching for the 21st century cannot be the same as it was back in the old days (i.e. the 20th century). The Singapore Teachers’ Growth Model (TGM) recognizes that teachers need to be equipped with the relevant 21st century knowledge and skills so that they are better able to develop students holistically. Education in the past, we are told, focused, more or less, on memorizing a lot of information – learning and digesting a lot of facts. Today, we must think of education, the development of young minds more broadly, to include problem solving and creativity.

These changes in focus have come about because of the changing social and economic environment. Critics of the “old” education point to:

A “knowledge explosion” – what you learn now won’t hold for the rest of your life; we must be life-long learners.
The idea that today information is at our finger tips – there is no need to simply remember information when it is so easily retrieved.
A communication explosion which means we must be able to filter what we read and hear. How do we make sense of it?
Related to this is our interconnected world – we hear news about the world far more quickly than we ever did. And people use that connectivity to make news. Consider the kidnapped girls in Nigeria. Without Twitter the world might not have been concerned, at least not for very long.
Of course there are the demands of the economy – the post industrial age needs workers who are flexible, who are life-long learners, who are problem solvers and creative thinkers.
It’s a new world. Consider the movie Her. The protagonist falls in love with his operating system. And it isn’t absurd! Movies aside, young people today must deal with a world unlike the one I started teaching in; very unlike the one that existed when public schooling, schooling for everyone, began to be the norm. Once, you could get a few years of schooling, go out and get a job, raise a family, lead a good, productive life. But today, if you do not continue to learn, you lose.
Context, Interests, and Unintended Consequences: Lenses for Seeing, Comprehending and Engaging with the World
Authors: Teo You Yenn
Published: December 2024

The White Paper on Population created quite a firestorm when it was released in 2013. Many critiques were launched against it – ranging from big and obvious worries about the sheer number of people who are expected to live in this small city; to complaints about where these people would come from; to very nitty-gritty critiques about the details and tone of the White Paper – right down to how nurses are referred to as low-skilled workers in the footnotes.

When the White Paper came out, I was teaching a course about Power, Politics and the State. The White Paper and the controversy around it became something that students and I discussed in class. Based on such experiences in teaching, I highlight the sorts of questions that I think we ought to get our students to ask and answer when policies are introduced and when controversies arise. As a teacher, I think we should be invested not so much in convincing students about our points of view, but in giving them the tools and lenses to think through problems.

So how do we do provide students with lenses and tools? As a sociologist, three things are key: interests, contexts, and unintended consequences. Let me say a few words about each of these and give some examples of how they are useful in discussing population issues.

Interests
Used crudely, people think that “interests” is about how someone is trying to gain something, trying to maximize their interests. But the way I want my students to think about interests is to pay attention to two related things: when we say the word “interests,” we are first and foremost pointing out that there is no neutral position from which to speak. All positions involve a point of view, and more specifically, somebody or some group’s point of view. They may take their point of view because there may in fact be some sort of material benefit or disadvantage involved. But at least equally often, they take that point of view because it fits into the worldview of not just themselves as individuals, but also into the various social groupings to which they belong.
From Classroom to the Field and Back: Understanding the Ways Fieldwork Empowers Geographic Learning
Authors: Das Diganta
Published: December 2024

Fieldwork is an integral part of learning Geography. Fieldwork has been widely used in both research and as pedagogic approaches as it provides a platform for students to understand their classroom content in a better way and help them to become real geographers. This article begins with understanding fieldwork in geography, touching its importance in contemporary human geography, and then describes the ways a one-day fieldwork was planned, prepared and performed in Singapore to understand human geography concepts. The fieldwork helped students experience concepts through everyday urban practices and apply geographic methods into practice. In the conclusion, students’ perspectives about what they learnt and the ways it complemented their classroom learning is discussed.

Introduction
Fieldwork is a means of collecting information and involves engagement with the outside world beyond the classroom (Phillips & Johns, 2012). As Cindi Katz (2009, p. 251) observed, fieldwork can be “a means towards examining the relationships between people and their environments”. Fieldwork in geography helps us document these experiences and their complex relationships. Fieldwork is an integral part of Geography with a long historical tradition in both geographic research and teaching. It not only provides an opportunity for the student to understand classroom content, it also helps in training students about conducting fieldwork, set-up equipment (especially for physical geography fieldwork), and learn the relevant skills of interviewing and interacting with people in real settings. Fieldwork contributes toward students’ personal development, social skills and ecological and political literacy (Job et al., 1999). According to Phillips and Johns (2012), fieldwork differentiates the genuine geographer from the not so genuine one. Fieldwork has been seen as the bridge between theories and practical concepts (Kent et. al, 1997).

The importance given to fieldwork in geography education has been influenced by many prominent geographers around the world. Carl Sauer (1956) argued that the fundamental training of the geographer should come from fieldwork. Sauer transformed the fieldwork tradition in American geography education (Phillips & Johns, 2012). Beyond North America, fieldwork has a very long tradition in the United Kingdom, pioneered by the Royal Geographical Society and very much integrated into the university and college level geography education system (Phillips & Johns, 2012). Beyond the western world, fieldwork has been incorporated into the geography education system, and is seen as a tool that encourages engaging, creative and independent learning processes (see Goh & Wong, 2000). In Southeast Asian contexts, Goh and Wong (2000) said that learning geography without fieldwork would be seen as “deficient” (p 99).
How High’s the Water, Mama? A Reflection on Water Resource Education in Singapore
Authors: Irvine K. N. , Seow Tricia , Leong Ka Wai , Cheong Diana Sze Ing
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Iconic American singer-songwriter Johnny Cash recalled in song a boyhood experience of watching his parents monitor flood conditions at their 1937 Dyess, Arkansas, home by counting the number of front steps the water had risen; 1 step = 1 foot (0.305 m):

How high’s the water, mama?

Five feet high and risin’

In introducing his 1959 Columbia release, Five Feet High and Risin’, Cash noted (AZLyrics, 2000-2015):

My mama always taught me that good things come from adversity if we put our faith in the Lord.

We couldn’t see much good in the flood waters when they were causing us to have to leave home,

But when the water went down, we found that it had washed a load of rich black bottom dirt across our land.

The following year we had the best cotton crop we’d ever had.
Developing Historical Habits of Mind through Inquiry
Authors: Afandi Suhaimi , Han Eulalia
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Teaching history is not simply about getting students to learn “the right stories” or getting them to absorb transmitted knowledge about the past; it requires teachers to find means to develop students’ historical understanding and to help these students make sense of the knowledge imparted through daily classroom instruction. As many of us already recognize, the knowledge we have about the past is never “given” or “just there” for the taking; the manner in which we come to know what we know about the past requires questioning, imagining, contextualising and (re-)constructing. History education researchers across many national contexts would agree that students need to be taught to understand the nature of historical knowledge – how such knowledge is constructed, how evidence is used to develop interpretations or support claims, how evidence/interpretation is adjudged as valid or credible, etc. – if they are to develop proper understandings about history. Acquiring proficiency in some of these processes calls for a mode of thinking (and an instructional approach) that can enable students to become confident and critical thinkers when studying history. This would involve cultivating certain historical habits of mind that work to develop students’ disciplinary ideas/understandings and help them become more adept at historical analysis. An instructional approach that uses historical inquiry as a pedagogical framework is more likely to provide opportunities for students to develop disciplinary ideas, and offers teachers with potential strategies and scaffolds to help deepen students’ understandings in more exciting ways. This article explores some ways teachers can make “the complex past” more accessible to students by helping them manage historical problems in the classroom while engaging them in disciplined inquiry about the past. It focuses on the use of inquiry as a means to develop good historical habits of mind, and demonstrates this idea by considering the ways students’ ideas (about significance, diversity, causation and accounts) can be developed through historical inquiry.
Shifting Scales of Time and Space: Establishing Connections Across the Humanities
Authors: Prematillake Thibbotuwawa Tharuka
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Meaningful understanding of history and geography involves being able to identify and establish connections across time and space scales (An et al., 2015; Bain, 2005; Baker, 2003; Foskett, 1999). Nonetheless, one key problem in the history and geography curricula of schools today is this lack of connectivity and sense of scale.[i] Thus, it is appropriate to find out how to help teachers and students expand their disciplinary thinking towards a more holistic (or interdisciplinary) approach that encourages them to shift scales and make connections across time and space. To answer this question, this article proposes a potential conceptual framework in which History and Geography, as interdisciplinary subjects, can conduct meaningful dialogues with each other so that students and teachers can extend their thinking to deepen their understanding of both disciplines and to identify connections across scales of time and place. This framework will be introduced through two initiatives, The Historian’s Lab (HL) and The Sustainability Learning Lab (SLL), funded by an EduLab grant, and currently being developed by the staff in the Humanities and Social Studies Education Academic Group (HSSE AG) in the National Institute of Education (NIE), (Singapore). However, it is important to note that this framework is a work-in-progress and will be further modified and developed as the project moves forward.

Background
Historians and geographers have long argued the necessity of viewing both History and Geography (as subjects) from wider perspectives – beyond isolated events of the past or physical geographic features – to identify connections across time and space (Baker, 2003). For instance, historian Geoffrey Barraclough has emphasised the need to look beyond national histories to a whole world system of history, arguing that it is not only possible but also necessary to view the past “by attuning it to the world in which we live in today” (as cited in Baker, 2003, p.194), so as to gain a more sophisticated understanding of historical events. Hence, instead of the traditional narrow focus on Asian history as the history of a region, it could be understood in relation to Asia’s place in the world and through making connections to the past, present and future across both time and space. In a keynote address at the recent Humanities Colloquium organised by NIE (2016), historian Bob Bain, in channelling French historian Emmaunuel Le Roy Ladurie, conveyed a similar idea. Using Ladurie’s famous observation of historians being either parachutists or truffle-hunters, Bain expanded the metaphors to state his case that it is a necessity for historians to be both truffle-hunters and parachutists.
Military Government and its Discontents: The Significance of the British Military Administration in the History of Singapore and Malaya
Authors: Ng Kelvin
Published: December 2024

The post-war British military government in Singapore and Malaya has often been relegated to a marginal place in historiography. In this article, I argue that this period bears closer study, because its legacies were central to the subsequent turbulent political history of the region, and therefore has much relevance to both researchers and educators.

An Epilogue, a Footnote, and a Case of Historiographical Neglect
In the late summer of 1945, a great reckoning loomed across Southeast Asia. In Burma, a mechanised British army had pursued ragged and demoralised Japanese forces across the Chindwin and Irrawaddy rivers and raced to liberate Rangoon before the monsoon broke. At the other end of Asia, America’s unparalleled transoceanic campaign had arrived at the doorstep of the Japanese home islands. Starved by submarine warfare, its urban centres levelled by firebombing, the Japanese imperium was on its last legs. Throughout the occupied Southeast Asian territories, Japanese garrisons without hope of resupply or evacuation prepared to fight to the end. The battle-hardened British and Indian troops gathered to avenge the disasters of 1942 faced a grim struggle.
Osiguranje uspješnog poslovanja putem učinkovitog restrukturiranja kroz stečaj
Authors: Hrkač Lana , Labaš Davor
Published: December 2024

Ovim radom proučava se, još uvijek nedovoljno korištena, primjena mogućnosti restrukturiranja poduzeća i nakon ulaska u stečajni postupak. Cilj je istražiti i opisati kako se izradom i primjenom kvalitetnog plana restrukturiranja poduzeće može oporaviti i iznova ostvarivati konkurentne rezultate. Pritom, restrukturiranje kroz stečaj i ponovni rast poslovanja izrazito je zahtjevan proces, međutim, brojni stakeholderi imaju prednosti od njega pa shodno tome restrukturiranje poslovanja ne bi trebalo biti u interesu isključivo vlasnicima već i velikom broju primarnih i sekundarnih stakeholdera. Također, cilj je prikazati važnost i povezanost implementacije kvalitetnog korporativnog upravljanja sa kontinuiranim praćenjem financijskih pokazatelja. Empirijska analiza provedena je na temelju dubinskog polu-strukturiranog intervjua sa predsjednikom uprave koji je dao doprinos cjelokupnom restrukturiranju poduzeća, a potpuna slika poslovanja potkrijepljena je analizom Altman Z-score modela te BEX modela. Rezultati analiziranog primjera prikazuju da ukoliko poduzeće posluje sukladno mehanizmima korporativnog upravljanja svoju egzistencijalnu opasnost svesti će na minimum te da kontinuirana financijska analiza pravovremeno može upozoriti na potencijalne poteškoće i uočiti probleme. Odabrano poduzeće iz djelatnosti trgovine kvalitetan je primjer kako se uspješnim restrukturiranjem može ostvariti značajan uspjeh za vlasnike poduzeća te za društvo u cjelini.
АНАЛІЗ ЛОКАЛЬНИХ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ ЗМІН ЗА РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМИ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕНЬ НА МЕТЕОРОЛОГІЧНІЙ СТАНЦІЇ БОРИСПІЛЬ
Authors: Клок Сергій Володимирович , Корнус Анатолій Олександрович , Бобир Ольга Олегівна , Корнус Олеся Григорівна , Данильченко Олена Сергіївна
Published: December 2024

Дослідження фокусується на аналізі даних метеорологічної станції в Борисполі (Україна) за період з 1976 по 2019 роки, які були статистично оброблені у часові ряди та графіки, що ілюструють багаторічні тренди температури повітря та атмосферних опадів. У дослідженні розглядаються тенденції зміни температури повітря та опадів з акцентом на локальні прояви, як наслідки глобального потепління. Як глобальні, так і локальні тренди температури повітря демонструють постійне зростання, з деяким уповільненням темпів зростання у останні роки. Сезонний аналіз показує більш швидке зростання температури навесні та влітку. Розподіл мінімальної температури демонструє стабілізацію після 2000 року, хоча й зі збільшенням значень мінімальної температури у січні, березні, серпні, вересні та грудні. Аналіз максимальної температури повітря показує тенденцію до її зниження протягом останнього десятиліття, з вираженим підвищенням у липні, серпні та вересні, що контрастує зі стабільними рівнями з січня по березень. Середньорічна кількість опадів у Борисполі 566,2 мм, місячна норма – близько 47,2 мм, а кількість днів з опадами становить 194 на рік. Розподіл опадів залишається стабільним протягом спостережуваного періоду, незважаючи на періодичні екстремуми. Вплив глобального потепління проявляється на місцевому рівні через зміну теплового режиму та структури опадів, що впливає на сільське господарство та інші сектори економіки. Стратегії адаптації повинні враховувати ці зміни для ефективного пом’якшення їхніх негативних наслідків. Дослідження підкреслює гостру потребу в постійних кліматичних дослідженнях для ефективного моніторингу та реагування на зміни клімату. Розуміння локальних проявів глобальних кліматичних тенденцій полегшує проактивні заходи з адаптації до змін клімату.
ІСТОРІЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРИРОДНИХ УМОВ ТА ЕКЗОГЕННИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ БАСЕЙНУ РІЧКИ БОРЖАВА (ЗАКАРПАТСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Вовкунович Михайло Олексійович
Published: December 2024

Основною метою наукового дослідження є ретроспективний аналіз екологічного вивчення природних умов та екзогенних процесів у басейні річки Боржава, яка є важливим елементом гідрографічної мережі Закарпатської області. Досліджуваний нами басейн річки характеризується складним поєднанням природних умов та ландшафтів гірського й рівнинного типів, що впливає на різноманіття та інтенсивність розвитку небезпечних екзогенних процесів (ерозія, зсуви, паводки тощо), що підвищує його екологічну вразливість. У статті здійснено систематизацію наукових праць, присвячених екологічним дослідженням басейну річки Боржава з 1990-х років, відколи розпочалися перші ґрунтовні екологічні дослідження природних умов та екзогенних процесів басейну. Однією з ключових проблем регіону є часті паводки, зокрема катастрофічні паводки 1998 та 2001 років, які мали значні екологічні та економічні наслідки. Наукова новизна наукового дослідження полягає у всебічному аналізі літературних даних, що дозволило виявити основні тенденції та прогалини у вивченні екологічного стану басейну річки Боржава. Практична значущість роботи полягає у можливості використання отриманих результатів для розробки заходів зі збереження природних умов басейну та мінімізації негативного впливу антропогенних і природних факторів. У статті підкреслюється необхідність подальших комплексних досліджень з використанням сучасних методів геоінформаційного моделювання для прогнозування та управління екологічними ризиками в басейні річки Боржава. Результати роботи сприятимуть підвищенню ефективності природокористування та збереженню екологічної стабільності регіону, що має важливе значення для сталого розвитку Закарпатської області.
الأساليب الإقناعية في البرامج الإخبارية "برنامج الحصاد على قناة الشرقية أنموذجاً"
Authors: جفات د. حميد شهيد
Published: December 2024

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على الأساليب الإقناعية العقلية والعاطفية المستخدمة في برنامج الحصاد على قناة الشرقية، ولتحقيق أهدافها والإجابة على تساؤلاتها اعتمدت على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال أسلوب تحليل المحتوى لعينة مؤلفة من 10 حلقات من برنامج الحصاد الإخباري في قناة الشرقية، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الأساليب الإقناعية العقلية في برنامج الحصاد على قناة الشرقية كانت الاستناد إلى الحقائق والبيانات الواقعية يليها توظيف الأرقام والإحصاءات، فيما تمثلت الأساليب الإقناعية العاطفية بشكل رئيسي في استعمال المفهوم الجمعي المشترك وتكريس وجهات النظر وتقديمها على أنها صحيحة، وتبين بأن القناة لم تستخدم في برنامجها أياً من أساليب توظيف الشعارات الخاصة والعامة أو استعمال الألفاظ اللغوية التفضيلية، وأوصت الدراسة بالتوسع في البحث في الاستمالات التخويفية التي يمكن أن تتضمنها البرامج السياسية والنشرات الإخبارية ودراسة محددات الاستمالات الإقناعية في البرامج التلفزيونية وفقاً للمتغيرات الديمغرافية للجمهور للوصول إلى إطار نظري أوضح في فهم تلك الاستمالات
 الحصاد.
ردود وآراء في صيغ التكثير والمبالغة في العربيّة
Authors: امين د. علي سامي
Published: December 2024

هذا موضوعٌ قديم جديد، هو موضوع قديمٌ؛ لأنّ المشتغلين بالدرس اللغوي التفتوا إليه منذ وقت مبكّر، وخاضَ في بحثه الكثير من علماء العربيّة ودارسيها القدماء والمحدثين، وهو جديدٌ بالنظر إلى ما توصّلت إليه جهود هؤلاء العلماء والدّارسين من آراء، وما تمخّضت عنه من نتائج يمكنُ أنْ تكون هي الأخرى مدار بحثٍ جديد، ومثار أفكارٍ طريفة، ومن ثَمَّ شرعتُ في كتابة هذه الصّفحات لمناقشة مجموعة من القضايا والمسائل التي تخصُّ صيغ التكثير والمبالغة في العربيّة، وبعضًا ممّا قيل فيها وطُرِحَ، فوجدتُ قسمًا منها لا يقوم على أساسٍ رصين، وقد توافرت أدلّة وحجج عدّة لتضعيفها ورفضها وردّها، وتصويب الأمر قدر الإمكان، مستعينًا على ذلك أحيانًا بالدّلالة المعجميّة للصيغ والمواد، وبإجراء بعض الإحصاءات أحيانًا أخرى، على حين أفضت دراسةُ القسم الآخر، والإفادة منه إلى استنتاج مجموعة آراء تسهم بطريقة أو أخرى في فهم الكيفيّة التي تبرزُ من خلالها دلالة المبالغة في الصيغ، وترتبطُ بهذا طرق اشتقاق هذه الصيغ وتطوّرها، فضلاً عن محاولة حلّ بعض الإشكالات التي تتعلّق بهذه الصيغة أو تلك، فكان أن انقسم البحث على موضوعات عدّة خُصِّصَ عددٌ منها للصيغ الفعليّة التي قيلَ أنّها تدلُّ على التكثير كـ(فَعَّلَ)، و(افْعَلَّ، وافْعَالَّ)، وعالجَ الآخر القضايا المتعلقة بصيغ المبالغة في الصفات ودلالتها وشيوعها واشتقاقها،ومن هذه الصيغ (فَعْلان) و(فَعِل)، و(فَعِيل)، و(فَعَّال) وغيرها.
Sustavi linearnih kongruencija i matrični račun
Authors: Grgić Ivana , Čatipović Marija
Published: December 2024

U ovom članku ćemo opisati metodu za rješavanje sustava linearnih kongruencija s n nepoznanica modulo m koristeći alate linearne algebre. Definirat ćemo što to znači da su dvije matrice kongruentne te što je inverz matrice modulo m. Iskazat ćemo teoreme o broju rješenja sustava n linearnih kongruencija s n nepoznanica te pokazati kako ih riješiti pomoću Gaussovih eliminacija i, u slučaju invertibilne matrice sustava, množenjem inverzne matrice modulo m i vektora slobodnih članova.
Racionalna rekonstrukcija
Authors: Blagojević Dragana , Matić Ivan
Published: December 2024

Racionalan broj ima ili konačan ili beskonačan periodičan decimalan zapis. U radu ćemo predstaviti postupak kojim možemo, koristeći metode teorije brojeva, rekonstruirati racionalan broj koji ima beskonačan periodičan decimalan zapis iz poznavanja gornje ograde na njegov nazivnik i dovoljno mnogo prvih znamenaka u njegovu decimalnom zapisu, ali bez nužnog poznavanja čitavog dijela koji se periodično ponavlja.
Ensino de equivalência monetária por meio de um jogo de dominó adaptado
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Godoy Maria Clara Jaeger , Alves Hans Werner ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Xander Priscila ,   Faculdade Metropolitana de Maringá, Carmo João dos Santos ,   Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Souza Silvia Regina de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um jogo de dominó adaptado para o ensino de relações monetárias a pré-escolares. Participaram duas crianças da educação infantil. O estudo foi composto por três etapas. Na Etapa 1 avaliou-se o desempenho das crianças com respeito à nomeação de numeral impresso, de valor impresso e de valor de cédulas/moedas, conjuntos, manuseio de dinheiro e resolução de operações de adição. Na Etapa 2 realizou-se o ensino das relações AB/BA e AC/CA e teste das relações BC/CB em que A representa a classe numeral impressa, B conjuntos representados por pontos pretos e C operações de adição. Na Etapa 3 as relações AD/DA e DE/ED foram ensinadas e as relações DB/BD, EB/BE, EC/CE e DC/CD testadas: D representa a classe valores impressos e E a classe de figuras de cédulas/moedas fictícias usadas no jogo. Sessões de Sonda, semelhante à Etapa 1, foram conduzidas após as Etapas 2 e 3. Ambos os participantes aprenderam as relações ensinadas e mostraram a emergência das relações testadas. Constatou--se, ainda, aumento na porcentagem de operações corretamente realizadas. Quando expostos à situação ma-nuseio de dinheiro, a porcentagem de acerto foi baixa. Sugere-se que alterações no jogo e no procedimento poderiam torná-lo mais eficaz.
Capítulo II: Princípios básicos da imunoterapia oral com alimentos
Authors:   Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Gaspar Ângela , Prates Sara ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de São José, Lisboa, Portugal, Piedade Susana ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital da Luz Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Carrapatoso Isabel ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, Reis-Ferreira Ana ,   Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Unidade Local de Saúde de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Published: December 2024

Com o objetivo de criar recomendações práticas clínicas e uniformizar procedimentos sobre imunoterapia oral
na alergia alimentar em Portugal, o Grupo de Interesse de “Alergia Alimentar” da Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica (SPAIC) elaborou as “Normas de Orientação em Imunoterapia Oral na Alergia Alimentar”.
Na presente Página Educacional apresentamos o segundo capítulo das normas, onde se efetua uma revisão sobre os
princípios básicos da imunoterapia oral com alimentos, abrangendo conceitos, eficácia, protocolos, segurança, indicações, contraindicações, fatores de risco, cofatores, requisitos e seguimento a longo prazo deste tratamento específico e diferenciado da alergia alimentar.
A phylogenetic sectional taxonomy of Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae; Nassauvieae)
Authors: Hershkovitz Mark
Published: December 2024

Multiple molecular phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that the genus Polyachyrus Lag. (8 spp.) is phylogenetically nested among four well-supported but unnamed monophyletic lineages of the genus Leucheria Lag. (28-46 spp.; Asteraceae; Nassauvieae). In order to facilitate reference to these lineages per current phylogenetic taxonomic and botanical nomenclatural conventions, a phylogenetic sectional taxonomy is here established. Leucheria thus comprises five phylogenetically distinct sections, one of which corresponds to Polyachyrus. In addition, an erroneous combination for Leucheria fusca is here corrected per nomenclatural convention.
The impacts of pesticide exposure on fish conspecific interactions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morrison Kyle , Melhado Gabriel , Bose Aneesh , Eastment Rhiannon , Lagisz Malgorzata , Manera Jack , Michelangeli Marcus , Wong Bob , Yang Yefeng , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: December 2024

The production of chemical pesticides poses a critical threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, with adverse effects evident even at sublethal concentrations. Historically, ecotoxicologists have ignored an organism’s social context when investigating the effects of pesticide exposure and, instead, have tended to focus on individual-level impacts. Recently, however, there has been a growing interest in understanding the social impacts of pesticide exposure. Despite this shift, a holistic understanding of how pesticides impact conspecific interactions (i.e., social behaviour towards individuals of the same species) is lacking due to the multitude of behaviours, pesticides and species currently investigated. In this meta-analysis, we examine the effects of pesticide exposure on conspecific interactions in fish by using data collected from 37 studies on 31 pesticides and 11 species. Our results indicate that pesticide exposure generally reduces the expression of conspecific interactions, but it does not affect the variability of responses between individuals. Courtship behaviour was the most impaired, suggesting that pesticide exposure could weaken how matings are partitioned among individuals in a population. Triazoles and organochlorines were the most impactful pesticide classes for mean differences in behaviour, while triazoles and organophosphates had the greatest effects on response variability. These findings indicate that endocrine-disrupting pesticides can impact fish conspecific interactions, regardless of their chemical class. Unfortunately, there is a large taxonomic bias in the literature, with most studies using zebrafish as a model, which, in turn, provides scope for studies using a broader range of fish species. We found little statistical evidence of publication biases in our dataset and our results were validated by sensitivity analyses. Overall, our synthesis suggests that pesticides broadly reduce the expression of social behaviours, though effects vary across behaviours, pesticide types, and fish species.
Transformacije mljekarskoga sektora
Authors: Mijić Pero , Bobić Tina , Baban Mirjana , Domaćinović Matija
Published: December 2024

Na razini ukupne svjetske proizvodnje, mljekarski sektor prolazi kroz vrlo izazovno razdoblje. Ovi su izazovi različiti, od zakonodavnih i javno-društvenih (zbog pritisaka javnosti da intenzivno govedarstvo narušava životni okoliš, etološke obrasce i dobrobit životinja), pa do izazova u samoj primarnoj proizvodnji mlijeka zbog visokih ulaznih troškova i niske otkupne cijene mlijeka. Bitno je napomenuti kako dolazi i do pada zanimanja proizvođača za ovu zahtjevnu proizvodnju te do sve skuplje cijene radne snage. Odgovarajući na ovakve trendove, mljekarski je sektor započeo sa značajnom transformacijom naročito u razvijenim zemlja svijeta, pokušavajući se prilagoditi novim izazovima te pokušavajući postati ekonomski isplativ. U zemljama europskoga kontinenta najčešće se pristupa specijalizaciji, odnosno intenzifikaciji proizvodnje mlijeka, koja je vidljiva u postupnome podizanju proizvodnje mlijeka po kravi te u rastu broja krava po farmi. Pritom se koriste suvremene tehnologije uzgoja, hranidbe i reprodukcije, ali se također sve više uvode standardi brige za okoliš, etologiju i dobrobit životinja. Kako je sve navedeno teško uravnotežiti, pri upravljanju ovakvim farmama treba se koristiti, preciznom digitalnom tehnologijom te znanstvenim i stručnim tehnološkim rješenjima. Cilj ovoga rada bio je prikazati smjerove transformacije mljekarskoga sektora intenzifikacijom proizvodnje mlijeka, s naglaskom na dobrobit životinja i okoliš. Smatramo kako ove smjernice mogu poslužiti i hrvatskim farmerima koji budu išli u pravcu intenzivne proizvodnje mlijeka.
Biliary pancreatitis: modern approaches to treatment (literature review)
Authors: Ferfetska K. V. , Hontsaryuk D. O. , Pits L. O. , Pits V. A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the literature review was to examine the modern approach to treating biliary pancreatitis, which is characterized by a combination of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and chronic biliary insufficiency and impairs the digestive process.
The primary cause of biliary pancreatitis is bilioduodenal hypertension, which results in the reflux of bile into the pancreatic duct and the activation of pancreatic enzymes in the pancreatic ductal system. The causes of biliary hypertension may be functional or organic.
Functional biliary disorders refer to a cluster of clinical symptoms caused by motor-tonic dysfunction of the gallbladder and/or biliary tract sphincter apparatus.
Organic causes of biliary hypertension are mostly represented by biliary sludge, choledocholithiasis, stenotic papillitis, strictures and cysts of the distal common bile duct, compression of the common bile duct by a tumor, enlarged head of the pancreas, adhesions, enlarged lymph nodes or paraphageal diverticulum (especially with diverticulitis), failure of the major duodenal papilla due to papillosphincterotomy, arterio-mesenteric obstruction, lymphadenitis in the area of the Treitz ligament, afferent loop syndrome after gastrectomy, helminthic infestation, autoimmune or primary sclerosing cholangitis, tumors of the bile ducts or major duodenal papilla.
Special emphasis is placed on the characteristics of drug therapy, the pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms of action of various antispasmodics and choleretic agents, and the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mechanisms of the development of biliary disorders associated with chronic pancreatitis.
The effectiveness of therapy with the inclusion of the antihomotoxic drug solidago compositum C and sulpiride (eglonil) on the clinical manifestations of chronic pancreatitis in combination with chronic pyelonephritis
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Severin S. S. , Severina K. O. , Kozinskaya I. A.
Published: December 2024

The results of an examination of 108 patients with chronic pancreatitis and chronic pyelonephritis are presented in this article. The authors suggested including the antihomotoxic drug solidago compositum C and sulpiride (eglonil) into the conventional therapy of combined diseases. Regarding the clinical manifestations of both diseases, this combination therapy proved to be more effective. The rate of disappearance or reduction of abdominal pain after treatment with solidago compositum C and sulpiride is 1.27 times higher than after conventional therapy, and the medium pain severity until discharge from the clinic is 1.18 times lower. The stability of therapy results was 96.4% in the main group and 88.5% in the comparison group, which is 1.09 times lower.
After therapy with sulpiride and solidago compositum C, the medium severity of dyspepsia in patients with pathology is 1.17 times lower than after conventional therapy. In the main group, the rate of disappearance and reduction of dyspeptic symptoms was 1.45 times higher than in the comparison group.
The medium severity of low back pain in a combination of chronic pancreatitis and chronic pyelonephritis is 1.40 times lower in patients receiving sulpiride and the antihomotoxic drug at the time of clinic discharge than after a course of traditional therapy. The medium severity of dysuric phenomena is 1.67 times lower, asthenia is 1.95 times lower, and palpation pain in the projection of the pancreas is 1.20 times lower. After treatment, the Pasternatsky sign was positive 1.50 times less frequently in the main group than in the comparison group (abdominal pain and lower back pain, dyspeptic syndrome, etc.).
In addition, the course of both chronic pancreatitis and chronic pyelonephritis improved; the frequency of exacerbations decreased.
The prospects of the research are to study the effect of a combination of the antihomotoxic drug and sulpiride on laboratory and instrumental manifestations of pathology.
Symphony and cacophony in gastroenterological practice (pathogenesis and therapeutic tactics for organic dyspepsia)
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Gomozova O. A.
Published: December 2024

Gastric and intestinal dyspepsia are classified based on the predominant symptoms. Symptoms of gastric dyspepsia include heaviness and discomfort in the epigastrium, early satiety, belching, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc. Symptoms of intestinal dyspepsia include flatulence, rumbling, diarrhea, constipation, and unstable stool. Furthermore, intestinal dyspepsia is classified as putrefactive or fermentative mostly on the basis of coproscopy data. The symptoms of putrefactive dyspepsia include elevated pH and organic acid and ammonia levels in the stool. The symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia include decreased stool pH and elevated levels of starch, fiber, and iodoform bacteria. The symptoms of biliary dyspepsia include bitter taste in the mouth, loss of appetite, various stool disorders, a feeling of discomfort, heaviness, and distension in the right hypochondrium.
The duodenum is acknowledged as the “director” of the digestive organs’ symphony. The pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, and small and large intestines are the “musicians” in this symphony. The duodenum is a special module that facilitates the change from acidic stomach digestion to slightly alkaline intestine digestion with intensive processing of chyme by intestinal enzymes, the pancreas, and bile acids.
The pathophysiology of the duodenum’s linkages to other digestive organs, as well as the etiology of gastric, intestinal, and biliary dyspepsia in chronic pancreatitis, are all thoroughly explored in this article. Separate consideration is given to the pathophysiology of dyspepsia in biliary chronic pancreatitis as well as the primary strategies for curing it.
The author substantiated the expediency of administering the enzyme preparation of non-animal origin, Panzest, and emphasized its advantages for treating dyspepsia in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The advantages of the release form of Panzest (“capsule within a capsule”) are pointed out. They ensure the release of enzymes in the stomach with continued hydrolysis of nutrients in the duodenum.