bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La importancia de la gobernanza electoral y la calidad de las elecciones en la América Latina contemporánea
Authors: Hartlyn Jonathan , Mccoy Jennifer , M. Mustillo Thomas
Published: January 2021

Este artículo contiene un análisis sistemático del papel desempeñado por la administración electoral en 19 países de América Latina y de sus efectos sobre elecciones presidenciales democráticas aceptables desde 1980, o bien, a partir de la primera elección transcendental que marcó la transición a la democracia. Se utilizan dos maneras distintas de medir la administración de elecciones, así como otros factores importantes, probando modelos logit ordenados de probabilidades proporcionales parciales para pronosticar la posibilidad de que ocurra un proceso electoral aceptable, defectuoso o inaceptable. Los resultados muestran que los organismos electorales independientes y profesionales desempeñan un papel positivo e importante en los procesos electorales en América Latina, aun controlando para otros factores socioeconómicos y políticos
El Consejo Nacional Electoral y los dilemas de la competencia electoral en Venezuela
Authors: E. Álvarez Ángel
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se expone de manera descriptiva el comportamiento del Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE) en la Venezuela chavista. En ese sentido, se analizan las actuaciones de este organismo electoral en un contexto político, que para el caso venezolano, como mínimo, puede ser clasificado como semidemocrático. Se destaca que el CNE no es un árbitro imparcial, no porque no lo quieran sus miembros, sino porque ello no es posible en el escenario político e institucional actual en el país, por lo que la calidad de este organismo electoral no puede medirse empleando los mismos criterios que pudieran ser usados para evaluar a otros organismos electorales en democracias electorales
Medio siglo de historia del organismo electoral de Bolivia
Authors: Romero Ballivián Salvador
Published: January 2021

En 1956 se celebró la primera elección con sufragio universal de la historia boliviana. Para la ocasión se fundó la Corte Nacional Electoral (CNE), cuya historia retrata el artículo. La primera etapa corre de 1956 hasta 1985, cuando su funcionamiento no era permanente y muchos comicios se celebraron bajo un manto de sospechas de irregularidades por el dominio del gobierno sobre la institución; la segunda va desde 1985 hasta 1991, en ella el organismo electoral desarrolla sus actividades de forma constante y los partidos lo controlan provocando dudas sobre la legitimidad de los resultados; la última abarca desde 1991 hasta 2007, cuando el sistema político acuerda conformar una CNE auténticamente imparcial e independiente, exigiéndole la celebración de elecciones irreprochables que aseguren una fuerte legitimidad de origen a las autoridades elegidas. El estudio presta atención a las disposiciones legales que rigen las tareas del organismo electoral pero sobre todo intenta comprender su acción considerando el contexto político, intelectual y social en el cual las cumplió
Mecanismos de control sobre la seguridad privada en el Brasil
Authors: Mattos Ricardo Carolina de
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El presente artículo sistematiza los mecanismos de control sobre la seguridad privada en el Brasil, ya sean éstos legales, institucionales o externos. La sistematización permite evaluar la organización de la estructura de reglamentación y fiscalización, así como la regularización de la prestación de estos servicios. Al final del artículo se dan algunas sugerencias para el perfeccionamiento de ese sistema.ABSTRACT: This article systematizes the control mechanisms on the private security in Brazil – the legal as well as the institutional and the external ones. That systematization enables to evaluate the organization of the structure of regulation and fiscalization, as well as the regularization of the provision of these services. At the end of the paper, some suggestions are proposed for the improvement of that system.
Explorando el "apartidismo" en México: ¿apartidistas o apolíticos?
Authors: Temkin Benjamín , Solano Sandra , Tronco José del
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: En las últimas décadas, distintos estudios han identificado, especialmente en las democracias avanzadas, un proceso de debilitamiento de la lealtad partidista. Russell Dalton ha explicado este fenómeno a través del incremento de los niveles educativos y de la mayor capacidad de los ciudadanos para obtener información y participar en asuntos públicos de forma independiente a los partidos. Este trabajo analiza la pertinencia del modelo de Dalton para el caso mexicano, donde el proceso de modernización económica y apertura política es mucho más reciente. Los resultados muestran la utilidad del modelo, pero sugieren la necesidad de tomar en cuenta diversos factores políticos, insuficientemente considerados en su marco conceptual. Palabras clave: identificación partidista, comportamiento electoral, México, independientes, movilidad cognitiva. ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, numerous researchers have identified, in highly developed countries, a process that involves the weakening of party loyalty. Russell Dalton proposes that decrease in party adhesion is associated with higher educational levels and the increasing ability of citizens to obtain information and engage in political action independently. This paper analyzes the relevance of Dalton’s model for Mexico, a country with lower development levels and recent electoral competitiveness. Our findings show the relevance of Dalton’s analysis but reveal also the need to take into account political and mobilization factors not sufficiently considered in his conceptual framework.
Repensando el presidencialismo: desafíos y caídas presidenciales en el Cono Sur
Authors: Hochstetler Kathryn
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Desde 1978, el 40% de los presidentes electos en Sudamérica han sido desafiados por actores civiles que intentaron forzarlos a dejar sus cargos antes de tiempo. A través del juicio político(impeachment) y de renuncias, 23% han caído y han sido reemplazados por civiles. Los presidentes desafiados fueron más proclives a seguir políticas neoliberales, a estar personalmente implicados en escándalos y a carecer de mayoría parlamentaria en relación a sus colegas no desafiados. Entre los presidentes desafiados, la presencia o ausencia de grandes protestas callejeras demandando que fueran removidos de sus cargos es un factor crucial en la determinación de sus destinos. Estos desarrollos cuestionan diversos supuestos centrales acerca de los regímenes presidencialistas: que los mandatos presidenciales son firmemente fijos y que la consecuencia del conflicto político en el presidencialismo es el quiebre democrático.ABSTRACT: Since 1978, forty percent of elected presidents in South America have been challenged by civilian actors trying to force them to leave office early. Through impeachment and resignations, twenty three percent have fallen and been replaced by civilians. I find that challenged presidents were more likely to pursue neoliberal policies, be personally implicated in scandal, and lack a congressional majority than their unchallenged counterparts. Among challenged presidents, the presence or absence of large street protests demanding they be removed from office is then crucial in determining their fates. These developments confound several core assumptions about presidential regimes: that presidential terms are firmly fixed, that populations cannot withdraw as well as grant presidential mandates, and that the consequences of political conflict in presidentialism are democratic breakdown.
La contienda política en Argentina 1997-2002: un ciclo de protesta
Authors: Herrera María Rosa
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: En Argentina, desde la segunda mitad de la década de 1990, se observan importantes mutaciones en el campo de la contienda política. La hipótesis del artículo es que el fenómeno de lucha popular califica como «ciclo de protesta». En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las implicancias y ganancias, analíticas y metodológicas, de asumir el concepto de ciclo de protesta. Además, se propone un modo de operacionalizar ese concepto y medir el episodio contencioso argentino.ABSTRACT: In Argentina, from the second half of the decade of 1990, important mutations are observed in the field of the political contest. The hypothesis of the article is that the phenomenon of popular struggle qualifies as a «cycle of protest». In this article one discusses about the analytical methodological implications of assuming the concept of cycle of protest. Besides, it proposes a way of operacionalizating this concept and measuring the contentious Argentine episode.
De los intelectuales en América Latina
Authors: Monsiváis Carlos
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El artículo rastrea minuciosamente la historia intelectual de América Latina desde el siglo XIX, con el proceso de secularización de la cultura, hasta nuestros días, cuando la ciudad letrada ha sido sustituida por la ciudad cibernética. A través del análisis de las múltiples definiciones, polémicas, conductas, máscaras e imposturas del gremio intelectual, el artículo dibuja un retrato fiable que sirve como marco conceptual y que analiza los grandes nombres y las escuelas más significativas.ABSTRACT: The article carefully reviews the intellectual history of Latin America since the 19th Century, when the process of cultural secularization took place, until current times when the literary city has been replaced by its cybernetic version. Employing analyses of the multiple definitions, polemics, conducts, masks and pretenses of the intellectual class, the article draws a reliable portrait that serves as a conceptual frame that looks deeply into the most significant names and schools of the period.
La representación parlamentaria en América latina. Las comisiones permanentes y los partidos en el congreso
Authors: Béjar Luisa
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El principal argumento de este escrito es que la heterogeneidad de los diseños institucionales que prima en el campo electoral en América Latina (Carroll y Shugart, 2005) también se reproduce en el parlamentario. El perfil morfológico del sistema de comisiones propio de cada Congreso y el lugar que la ley les asigna en el proceso legislativo son prueba evidente de ello. Mientras el marco normativo de algunas legislaturas no deja lugar a dudas en cuanto a la intención de delegar en los partidos las decisiones encomendadas a estos cuerpos; en otros casos, ello ocurre en menor medida. En los casos formalmente ceñidos a una lógica de partido, por otra parte, se alientan esquemas de delegación de corte muy diverso. En este escrito se revisa el acomodo institucional del sistema de comisiones de la Cámara Baja en: Argentina; Bolivia; Brasil; Colombia; Chile; México; Paraguay; República Dominicana y Uruguay. En este sentido, el estudio examina tanto la importancia concedida a su trabajo, como algunos aspectos de su morfología que afectan la estructura de incentivos que acota el desarrollo del proceso legislativo. Asimismo, se analizan los procedimientos utilizados en cada Congreso para enfrentar los problemas de acción colectiva. Por último, se presentan algunas ideas para la elaboración de una futura taxonomía sobre la relación que guardan en la región los partidos y las comisiones permanentes del Congreso.ABSTRACT: The main argument of this paper is that the heterogeneity of the institutional framework that prevails in Latin America’s electoral field (Carroll y Shugart, 2005), also reproduces itself in the parliamentary one. This is proved by the morphologic profile of each Congress’ commission system and the place that the law assigns to the system. While some legislative frameworks clearly intend to delegate to parties the decisions entrusted to this bodies; in other cases, this takes place in a less important way. In the cases formally related with a party logic, on the other hand, diverse delegation schemes are encouraged. In this article we analyze the institutional framework of the commission systems of the low chamber in: Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Chile; Mexico; Paraguay; Dominican Republic and Uruguay. In this sense, this work examines the importance given to their job and some aspects of its morphology that affect the structure of incentives that narrows the development of the legislative process. We also analyze the procedures used by each Congress to solve its problems of collective action. Lastly, some ideas for the elaboration of a future taxonomy on the relationship between parties and permanent commissions in the region are presented.
STRESS-PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS INFUSION OF FERMENTED LEAVES CHAMAENERION AN-GUSTIFOLIUM (L.) SCOP.
Authors: Volodina Svetlana Olegovna , Volodin Vladimir Vital'yevich , Nekrasova Elena Vladimirovna , Syrov Vladimir Nikolayevich , Khushbaktova Zainab Abdurakhmanovna
Published: January 2021

The stress-protective effect of an aqueous infusion of fermented leaves of flowering plants of Сhamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., (Onagraceae) collected in the middle taiga zone of the European North-East of Russia (near Syktyvkar), in experiments on white laboratory mice under acute stress has been studied. As a model of acute stress, the hanging of animals by the neck fold for 19 hours was used. Water infusion (1 : 20) was administered to each animal 0.5 and 1.0 ml for five days per os. It was found that the prophylactic administration of water infusion of fermented leaves in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml lead to normalizing effect on the mass of internal organs and peripheral blood parameters that have sharp pathological deviations under stress. The content of ascorbic acid and cholesterol in the adrenal glands and malonic dialdehyde in the liver of animals receiving infusion, approached the corresponding values in intact animals, which indicates the protective and antioxidant effects. With the introduction of sodium nitroprusside (25 mg/kg) and ethanol (25% solution, 9g/kg) a pronounced antihypoxic and antitoxic effects were found, which are typical for such well-known adaptogenic plants as ginseng and eleutherococcus. Due to data obtained, the raw material of fermented leaves of Сhamaenerion angustifolium could be considered as adaptogenic remedy that increases the overall non-specific resistance of the body and recommended not only as a tonic tea drink, but also for wider use in functional nutrition and medicine for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced and age-dependent diseases.
RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-FIBER MATERIALS
Authors: Vititnev Aleksandr Yur'yevich , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich , Chistova Natal'ya Geral'dovna , Marchenko Roman Aleksandrovich , Matygullina Venera Nurullovna
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wood-fiber boards of the wet production method when regulating the design and technological parameters of the grinding process. This allowed us to determine the influence of the working clearance between the grinding discs and the concentration of fibre mass with the subject to of quality change wood fiber after defibrator using the developed construction of the disc fibrillation action on the physico-mechanical properties of boards. As a result of the experiment, regression models were obtained that adequately describe the studied grinding process and allow predicting the values of physical and mechanical properties of the finished product depending on the established  parameters process. A comparative analysis of the size and quality characteristics of the fiber semi-finished product and its fractional composition when using a developed construction the disc of refiner fibrillation action and a traditional design used in industry is carried out. The preferential efficiency of the grinding process under the fibrillating effect the disc of refiner in comparison with the traditional construction disc of refiner is established. As a result, there is a significant improvement in the quality indicators of the fiber semi-finished product and its composition due to the formation and predominance in the total mass of long and thin, respectively, flexible fibrillated fibers with high tile-forming properties, which allows to increase the strength properties of the product (by 20–25%), without using binding resins.
THE GRINDING MECHANISM ON A KNIFE CENTRIFUGAL GRINDING MACHINE
Authors: Voronin Ivan Andreyevich , Alashkevich Yuriy Davidovich , Kozhukhov Viktor Anatol'yevich
Published: January 2021

The article presents a methodology for calculating the force effect on a fibrous suspension of working bodies in a centrifugal grinding apparatus. The aim of the research is to calculate the force per tooth of an inertial body at different speeds of rotation of the rotor, to determine the effect of the circumferential speed of movement of inertial bodies on the grinding process of fibrous semi-finished products. The article discusses the mechanism of grinding on a centrifugal knife grinding apparatus, determines the tangential shear forces at the contact of the grinding satellite knives with the grinding bowl knives, determines the effect on the fiber of rolling friction forces and sliding friction forces when the grinding satellite knives come into contact with the grinding bowl knives, as well as the effect of specific pressure at the point of contact of the satellite knives with the grinding bowl knives under the influence of inertial forces. Based on the research results, it is scientifically substantiated that the forces arising at the minimum of the considered values of the rotation speed of inertial bodies are sufficient to break the fiber when using this installation for grinding fibrous semi-finished products. An increase in the speed of rotation of the satellites causes a positive change in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished castings.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DISPOSAL OF WOOD FIBER WASTE IN AERODYNAMIC MEDIA
Authors: Chistova Natal'ya Geral'dovna , Matygulina Venera Nurullovna
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the results of a study on the use of fundamentally new equipment (rotary knife mill) for the preparation of secondary fiber waste in the air and the possibility of their full use in finished products for various purposes. In order to justify the effectiveness of the preparation and the feasibility of using secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by a dry grinding method, the physical phenomena and regularities of the mechanism for the preparation of secondary wood fiber semi-finished products by the proposed method are determined and investigated, which characterize the technological process of preparation in air and their possible future use as semi-finished products or in the manufacture of finished products products. The process of dissolution of wood fiber waste was studied, the mechanical effect on wood fiber waste due to face-cross cutting (cutting, crushing, flattening, breaking) and aerodynamic phenomena (breaking, collision, dissolution, fibrillation), contributing to the formation of external and internal fibrillation of the secondary wood fiber, is described. increase in specific surface in the absence of high temperatures and pressure, without the addition of chemical additives, without the use of water and steam. The performed studies allow us to propose a new method and system for the preparation of wood fiber waste by dry grinding, justifying their economic and environmental feasibility.
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF MILLING FIBROUS SEMI-FINISHED HIGH CONCENTRATION PROCESSES (REVIEW)
Authors: Ushakov Aleksandr Vasil'yevich , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich , Kozhukhov Viktor Anatol'yevich , Kovalev Valeriy Ivanovich
Published: January 2021

There is presented a review of scientific literature characterizing the main directions of modern research of the process of grinding of fibrous semi-finished products of high consistence. Theoretical approaches are described in the study of qualitative parameters of pulp during its processing in knife grinding machines. Researchers note an increase in the paper-forming properties of the pulp and the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product. This paper provides an overview of experimental studies of the high consistence pulp milling process. The effect of high consistence mass grinding intensity on the quality of the finished product is considered, the nature of fiber development when grinding high and low consistence mass is compared. Experimental studies show that an increase in the intensity of exposure when grinding a high consistence mass leads to a decrease in the tensile energy absorption index, and a decrease in the deformation of the paper sheet is also observed with an increase in the grinding intensity. With an increase in the pulp c consistence, a change in the degree of delamination, internal and external fibrillation of the fiber wall is observed. The high-consistence pulp milling process is accompanied by higher specific energy consumption compared to low- consistence pulp milling, but observations at the fiber wall level show a more developed external specific surface area. This review of the scientific literature will serve as a basis for further research on the grinding of high consistence fibrous materials.
SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TASKS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF PLANT WASTE IN THE RESHETNEV SI-BERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Akbulatov Edkham Shukriyevich , Lyubyashkin Aleksey Viktorovich , Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich , Isaeva Elena Vladimirovna , Litovka Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Pavlov Igor' Nikolayevich
Published: January 2021

A special issue of the journal "Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials" published on the 65th anniversary of the department "Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology", the 90th anniversary of the Siberian State Technological University and the 60th anniversary of the Siberian State Aerospace University. The combination of the two largest and socio-economically significant universities ensured the creation in 2016 of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of science and technology. This is the first supporting university in Eastern Siberia, providing training for highly qualified specialists in more than 100 programs for the forestry, woodworking and chemical industries, aviation and space industry, mechanical engineering, scientific and financial organizations, international and Russian business structures, and the media. The introductory article presents a brief historical excursion, the main directions and prospects of scientific activity of the department “Chemical technology of wood and biotechnology”. They are related to solving the problem of deep complex processing of plant materials with the involvement of modern biological and chemical technologies.
COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND RECYCLING OF VEGETATIVE POPLAR AFTER REMOVAL OF EXTRAC-TIVES. REPORT 3. OBTAINING BIOIOGICAL PRODUCTS BASED ON FUNGI OF THE GENUS TRIGHODERMA
Authors: Isaeva Elena Vladimirovna , Mamaeva Ol'ga Olegovna , Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work was to assess the suitability of solid and liquid waste generated during processing of the vegetative part of poplar as substrates for biochemical processing in order to obtain biologics for various purposes. For the study, we used post-extraction residues, as well as a cubic liquid formed after distilling essential oils and extracting alcohol-soluble substances from the vegetative part of the balsamic poplar (Populus balzamifera L.). Siberian strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma used as a biodestructor.

Studies have shown that the vegetative part of poplar and its individual elements are an available substrate for the growth of mycelial fungi. The high yield of spores (4.5×109 spor/g) and the formation of humic substances (11%) used as plant growth stimulators during solid-phase cultivation of the MG-97 strain of Trichoderma fungi gives grounds to use the vegetative part of poplar as a technological raw material for obtaining a biological product of the "Trichodermin" type or soil humification. Depending on the purpose of the preparations, the duration of cultivation can vary: for obtaining agricultural biologics up to 15 days, more – for soil humification. The inclusion of a cubic liquid at the stage of substrate humidification allows to obtain a biological product with a higher spore titer (5×109 spor/g), makes it possible to close the water consumption cycle and make the technology of processing the vegetative part of poplar waste-free.
INTENSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGE IN DIABATIC RECTIFICATION COLUMNS
Authors: Voinov Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Zemtsov Denis Andreyevich , Bogatkova Anastasiya Viktorovna , Deryagina Nina Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The heat exchange in a diabatic column was investigated during the rectification of an ethanol-water mixture, in which partial condensation of rising vapors on the surface of vertical heat exchange tubes installed vertically along the height of the installation was carried out, as well as the evaporation of intermediate condensate on the surface of horizontal plates. Based on the review of diabatic columns, it is shown that they can reduce the cost of conducting the rectification process. Heat-exchange devices placed on trays of rectification units are considered and ways to intensify heat transfer in them are proposed. It has been established that the most efficient heat removal in heat exchangers of diabatic columns is achieved when using a film flow of a coolant on a heat transfer surface. Heat transfer in a diabatic column is investigated during gravitational flow of surfaces of heat exchange tubes, as well as when organizing an ascending and descending co-current film flow, both in the case of heating and boiling of the coolant. To intensify heat transfer in the coolant film, a helical artificial roughness was installed on the surface of the pipes, made in the form of a wire spiral tightly mounted on the heat transfer surface. The geometric parameters of the helical roughness, such as the distance between the turns of the spiral and the height of the wire, which have the greatest influence on the intensity of heat transfer, have been established. Dependences for determining the value of the heat transfer coefficient are presented and an estimate of the value of the specific heat flux in the diabatic column is given.
DELIGNIFICATION OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION. IR SPECTRA AND ORDERING INDICES OF THE CELLULOSE
Authors: Kushnir Evgeniy Yur'yevich , Shakhova Anastasiya Gennad'yevna , Bazarnova Natal'ya Grigor'yevna , Kymbatbekova Myrzagul Kymbatbekovna , Afanasenkova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The effect of plant raw materials delignification with an 18% solution of peracetic acid under microwave irradiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz on the degree of ordering of the cellulose supramolecular structure was studied. The samples of the obtained cellulose were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that microwave heating reduces the rate of ordering of the cellulose supramolecular structure in the process of delignification of wood and straw of annual plants with peracetic acid. In general, the delignification products obtained under microwave irradiation with a treatment time of 30 min are characterized by lower values of the ordering index (0.64–0.79) compared to cellulose samples obtained using heating by thermal conductivity (water bath, 100 °С) at processing time 60 min (0.70–0.86). The IR spectra of cellulose samples obtained with the use of heat conduction heating are characterized by a slightly higher intensity of the band at 1372 cm-1 in comparison with the delignification products obtained under microwave irradiation. It has been shown that the degree of ordering of the cellulose supramolecular structure under the studied delignification conditions is determined by the peculiarities of the composition of the feedstock and the polysaccharides supramolecular organization in the native state. For cellulose obtained from wood and straw, different dependences of the values of the ordering index on the heating method and the residual content of hemicelluloses are characteristic.
More Than Words, Brand Destruction in the Online Sphere
Authors: Bokor Tamás
Published: January 2021

The focus of this paper is brand destruction, however in a slightly different sense than the traditional marketing literature depicts it. The concept of brand destruction basically tends to be discussed either (1) as an accidental, counter-productive event in a campaign which leads to the ruining of the brand, or (2) an intentional act by competitors in the market, which results the same breakdown mentioned above. As this paper shows, there are other ways to consider as well, when speaking about brand destruction. An often overlooked type of brand destruction is a rather new phenomenon: destroying the brand by customers or business partners. The adequate scene for this case is the internet itself, especially different social media platforms, e. g. Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram, etc. Also popular weblogs can play an important role in brand destruction made by customers or business partners (general cases related to social media are depicted in Lipsman – Mud – Rich – Bruich, 2012). This paper presents a couple of cases in the online field and focuses basically on online communicative activities, in which a brand’s negative properties come to discussion. Both Hungarian and foreign examples are easy to find and they all demonstrate the growing power of consumers. This observation led marketing experts to start talking about the ‘smooth seizure of power by consumers’. Whilst the critic of this concept is considered to be relevant, this paper describes the elements and methods of the ‘seizure’ – from an online social point of view. The key of handling brand destruction cases efficiently lies in the role of social media users. They are not only consumers, but the opportunity for producing online contents is in their hands as well – this fact results in the idea of ‘prosumers’. Thus customers on social media platforms must be handled as a ‘critical mass’: as civic warriors with strong weapons in their armoury. No companies are allowed to feel safe, as the slightest error may well be punished by the crowd.
Profiling Muslim Youths Behaviors in Relation to Social Media Usage
Authors: Aliman Nor Khasimah , Ariffin Zailin Zainal , Hashim Shareena Mohamed , Hassan Paiz , Anas Norazmi
Published: January 2021

The present paper provides a general profile of Malaysian Muslim youths behaviors in relation to social media usage. A sample of 400 social media users answered a questionnaire that tackled questions related to technological devices and social media, social media sites visit, preferred social media sites, social change, reasons for using social media, religiosity, social media usage and attitude towards promoting Islam. Using descriptive statistical tools, data analyses were performed on 384 completed survey questionnaires. The study revealed that majority of Muslim youths in Malaysia using mobile phone to browse social media. The top three social media sites visited by the youths are Instagram, YouTube and Facebook. The most preferred social media sites are Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. In addition, social media brought three main social changes to them: 1) I have more friends; 2) My awareness on world issues is increasing; 3) I am more sensitive to human issues. The three main factors influencing them to use social media are lifestyle, availability of technology and IT knowledge. Finally, no difference was found between male and female in relation to social changes and religiosity level. Social media brought many social changes to both male and female youths and the religiosity level of both male and female youths is high. These research findings should offer essential information to social media operators and Malaysian community in general.
Media Exposure and Acquisition Premium Evidence from Chinese Investing Companies
Authors: Shao Ruchen , Wang Yanting , Wang Hao , Geng Zongze , Ma Li
Published: January 2021

Acquisition deals often draw the attention of the media and the media exposure influences the decisions of stakeholders. Especially attractive in recent years are deals that Chinese companies are investing actively both within China and across the globe. How does media exposure influence the price premium of the target companies that Chinese companies acquire? Building upon the literature of economics and psychology, we develop competing hypotheses on the potential effect. In addition, we argue that the effects of media exposure are different between the Chinese companies’ domestic and international acquisition deals. The data from the recent decade’s transactions indicate that media exposure is associated with the higher premium, supporting the attention-based view. In addition, we hypothesize the effect of media exposure is larger for international deals than for domestic deals. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
To Read or Not to Read: Understanding the Emergence of Aliteracy
Authors: Wissink Barbara
Published: January 2021

This case study research studied the complex construct of aliteracy in upper elementary students.  Six students were selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, after the analysis of the following quantitative sources: report card grades, standardized test scores, and the Motivation to Read Questionnaire (MRQ) results.  After the selection of students, qualitative data was provided by the six students, eleven parents, and five classroom teachers. Questionnaires, interviews, observations, and reading logs comprised the qualitative data, which was analyzed using grounded theory methods. The Emergence of Aliteracy Theory emerged as a result, which clarified how the home and classroom environments produce a unique set of commonalities that underpin the emergence of aliteracy, and possibly impact students’ academic learning.
Challenges Envisioned in Online Teaching on Outbreak of COVID -19
Authors: Sobhana Nandyal Panduranga
Published: January 2021

The outbreak of COVID -19 was unforeseen and it forced all the Saudi universities to close the campuses and launch online teaching. This paper focused on challenges envisioned in online teaching using Blackboard system. Analytical and descriptive methods of quantitative research was used to analyse and describe the challenges and perceptions of the faculty with regard to online teaching on blackboard, anticipating that the results would form a basis to improvise online teaching in post corona era. The sample of the study constituted 25 faculty members of the Department of English, Samtah University College, Jazan University. A closed and open-ended questionnaire was used to assess the challenges of the university faculty with regard to online teaching and online training program on blackboard. In online teaching, the faculty require digital skills, tools, and instructional strategies than in a conventional face-to-face classroom teaching. They should collaborate with each other working hands-on to integrate online teaching with instructional strategies and find effective ways to support the success of online students. It is important to note that students should be relieved from anxiety and ensured that they would actively engage themselves in online learning. Summing up this research study, the researcher has observed from the analysis of the faculty questionnaire, that the faculty were ready to accept the change from the conventional mode of teaching to modern day online teaching in the post corona era, assuming that technological issues involved are properly taken care of.
The Decline of Romanticism in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Edgar Allen Poe’s The Black Cat.
Authors: Alkouri Ahmad Mohd
Published: January 2021

This paper explores some gaps in the romanticism era using well-known authors. The paper aims to explore the decline of romantic elements in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Edgar Allen Poe’s The Black Cat. It provides some hints to foreground further studies on those writers using the approach of critical analysis to romantic works. In fact, this paper could be considered partially as a notes review to comprehend how those writers could be the cause of declining the romantic age and begin new different perspectives using their selected compositions. Although they are considered romantic authors, the paper shows somehow they are different from others. The conclusion draws the gaps in portraying the elements of romanticism.
Values of Greetings in Igbo Traditional Culture and the Contemporary Society
Authors: Udeagha Nduka
Published: January 2021

Greetings are one of the cherished core values that facilitate interpersonal relationships and cooperative reality in Igbo traditional culture. It appears that in the contemporary society, especially as a result of influence of foreign languages and culture, the value attached to greetings and respect for others are grossly waning, and more among the younger generation. Some also greet in a nonconforming manner that the socio-cultural value inherent in the Igbo traditional pattern of greetings is apparently absent. As a result, some people have been flagrantly contemptuous and snubbed away noble opportunities or relationships that would have helped in improving their individual lives and the society in general. The paper adopted ethnographic approach and data derived largely from personal observation and interviews. Despite the central place greetings occupied in the Igbo traditional culture, there appears to be scarcity of exploratory information on it. The paper, therefore, attempts to underscore the value of greetings by highlighting its essential elements in Igbo traditional culture. The Igbo should continue to make conscientious efforts in the preservation of their social norms and cultural values, which have shaped and sustained the society since time immemorial. It surmises that greeting in Igbo traditional culture is key relational oil that lubricates and maintains collective survival of the Igbo race.
The use of E-learning tools in education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Literature Review
Authors: Alharbi Omran , Alshammari Yousef , Alharthi Saud , Alsheehri Nada , AlMutairi Awatif , Almaqrn Riam K.
Published: January 2021

This paper concentrates on the impact of the use of E-learning tools during the COVID-19 pandemic. In more detail, this study reviews the literature on the integration of e-learning strategies into universities or schools due to difficulties with face-to-face learning caused by the coronavirus. The results of the review indicate that E-learning applications have proven to be very useful for learners and educators since they allow them to continue with their learning and teaching. However, some issues have emerged from the use of technology in institutions such as technical issues and a lack of training. Some recommendations will be provided in this paper.
Educational Inclusion By Conviction
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: January 2021

Inclusive education has begun to be addressed within the context of the broader international debate on “Education for All” (EFA), a debate launched at the World Conference held in 1990 in Jomtien, Thailand. From Jomtien until today , thinking has evolved from the almost symbolic presence of special educational needs in the initial documentation, towards the recognition that inclusion must be a fundamental principle of the EFA movement as a whole. Within this process, the contribution of the Salamanca Declaration on Special Educational Needs: Access and quality (Unesco, 1994) stands out, from which the concept of educational inclusion emerges strongly. Thereafter thescope and perspectives of inclusive education has been based on the idea that all children and young people have the right to a quality education with equivalent learning opportunities, regardless of their social and cultural background and their differences in skills and abilities (OIE -UNESCO, 20 08) .
Acceptance Research on The Adaptation of Target Audience Personas in Graphic Design
Authors: Goh Chu Hiang
Published: January 2021

Target Audience Personas (TAP) is a new target audience study method for the graphic design process which adopted from the user personas in information studies. The goal of the TAP is to facilitate graphic designer to understand the behaviour and attitude of their target audience in a more profound level to create design outcomes which can evolve the affordance and behavioural change. Personas allow designer engaged in empathy process whereby they can design according to the needs and preferences of the target audiences. In order to explore the acceptance of designers to the TAP in the design process, acceptance research based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was conducted.  A group of design students who engaged TAP in their design projects has participated in the study. The result showed that majority of the students consider TAP is useful and easy to use. They anticipate using TAP in their future design career endeavour.
Die Bedeutung der stylistique comparée für die Übersetzungsanalyse, dargestellt am Beispiel des Transfers musikgebundener Texte
Authors: Agnetta Marco
Published: January 2021

The present contribution aims to explore the extent to which the concepts and terms of the research approaches which have come to be known as stylistique comparée (Vinay/Darbelnet 21968) are suitable as one of many methods for translation analysis. In particular, the question will be asked how the concepts and technical terms of this approach can shed new light on the translation of music-bound texts. It turns out that the findings of this method can not only complement existing approaches in translation studies, but that the stylistique comparée itself benefits from a preoccupation with the translation of form-based and polysemiotic texts.
Emprendimiento social: una estrategia de comunicación para la promoción de la cultura del emprendimiento en población sorda del Colegio Guillermo Niño medina de la ciudad de Villavicencio
Authors: Laura Lorena Araujo Medina , Mariana Torres Saavedra , Daniel Alejandro Contreras Castro , Arelis Julieth Sepúlveda Iscalá , José Benjamín Seija Urquijo , Karen Melissa Herrera Gutiérrez , Luis Alberto Bohórquez Prada , William Peñaranda Zárate
Published: January 2021

Este documento da cuenta de Emprendimiento social: una estrategia de comunicación para la promoción de la cultura del emprendimiento en población sorda del Colegio Guillermo Niño medina de la ciudad de Villavicencio
Image Enhancement In Video Analytics Systems
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, Golovin Oleksandr. M.
Published: January 2021

Recently, video analytics systems are rapidly evolving, and the effectiveness of their work depends primarily on the quality of operations at the initial level of the entire processing process, namely the quality of segmentation of objects in the scene and their recognition. Successful performance of these procedures is primarily due to image quality, which depends on many factors: technical parameters of video sensors, low or uneven lighting, changes in lighting levels of the scene due to weather conditions, time changes in illumination, or changes in scenarios in the scene. This paper presents a new, accurate, and practical method for assessing the improvement of image quality in automatic mode. The method is based on the use of nonlinear transformation function, namely, gamma correction, which reflects properties of a human visual system, effectively reduces the negative impact of changes in scene illumination and due to simple adjustment and effective implementation is widely used in practice. The technique of selection in an automatic mode of the optimum value of the gamma parameter at which the corrected image reaches the maximum quality is developed.
Modification of the Algorithm for Selecting a Variable Parameter of the Gaussian Interpolation Function
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Sydorenko Yuliia V. , Horodetskyi Mykola V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: January 2021

The paper presents an algorithm for selecting the optimal value of the variable parameter α of the Gaussian interpolation function to obtain the smallest possible error when interpolating the tabular data. The results of the algorithm are checked on a sample of elementary mathematical functions. For comparison, the interpolation data of the Lagrange polynomial are given. The paper presents the results of Gaussian interpolation at different α, conclusions are made about the need to applying the algorithm for selecting of its optimal value.
Storing JWT Token in Local Variables
Authors:   V.O.Sukhomlynsky Mykolaiv National University, Bulgakova Oleksandra S. , Zosimov Vjacheslav V. ,   V.O.Sukhomlynsky Mykolaiv National University, Popravkin Pavlo D. ,   V.O.Sukhomlynsky Mykolaiv National University
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the problem of storing structured information over the Internet (JSON format) in local storage and pieces of information transmitted to the browser from the site visited by the user (cookies), and a method is proposed for storing the JSON web key in a local variable inside the closure (functions that refer to into independent variables). Based on user authorization, the interaction of the JSON web key with the server is shown, and the solution to the main problems of authorization and storage of the token (JWT – JSON Web Token).
Problematika Penerapan Sistem Omnibus Law Ke Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional Indonesia Melalui Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Lapangan Kerja
Authors: Azharil Ahmad
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe obstruction of national economic growth due to the long bureaucratic process for business licensing is one of the reasons for the government to create an omnibus law concept in Indonesian Act concerning Job Creation No. 11 of 2020 (JC Act). In fact, the noble ideals outlined in the creation of the JC Act have received a lot of harsh criticism from among the public, workers, academics, and activists in the field of manpower and the environment. Some of the fundamental problems in the creation of the JC Act lie in the absence of public participation in the drafting and deliberation of the Indonesian Parilement, and one of them has the potential to damage environmental sustainability. The omnibus law of the JC Act is a legal model in countries adhering to the common law system that was born due to overcoming regulatory problems in the country caused by the number of regulatory barriers and problems in a field such as the economy. The omnibus law is the concept of simplifying the rules so that they can be implemented properly in order to create an effective, efficient, and stimulating government bureaucracy for national economic progress. Indonesia as a country based on a civil law system is not an obstacle to implementing the omnibus law concept as long as its development and application follows the provisions of the formation of statutory provisions. The concept of the omnibus law contained in the JC Act in the Indonesian national legal system has many substance problems in its articles, including the simplification of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) preparation process by not involving the community as the party whose function is to provide input and correction to the EIA initiator. This will have the potential to sustain the environment as an ecosystem that cannot be separated from people's lives.Keywords : Obstructed, Economy, Creation, Work, Environment