bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political ideology and nuclear energy: Perception, proximity, and trust
Authors: McBeth Mark K. , Warnement Wrobel Megan , van Woerden Irene
Published: May 2022

Political ideology is an increasingly powerful force in support of public policy. Historically, nuclear energy has found more support among political conservatives. This study updates the literature on political ideology and support for nuclear energy by examining how political ideology is associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust of nuclear information sources. After excluding participants with incomplete data, and participants within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor, the analytical sample size for the analysis examining political ideology and perceptions of nuclear energy was 4153. The analytical sample includes a total of 1035 participants within a 50‐mile radius of INL, 710 participants from within Idaho who lived further than 50 miles from INL, 1899 participants from other states (more than 50 miles from a nuclear reactor), and 509 Non‐Idaho participants living within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor. Logistic regression was used to determine how political ideology was associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust in different sources regarding radioactive waste, after controlling for demographics and location. While liberal participants near INL were less favorable towards nuclear energy, and more trusting in impact scientists to tell the truth about radioactive waste than their conservative counterparts, this was not consistent across the US. Our findings reveal the complexity of political ideology and the perceptions of nuclear issues and how proximity influences perceptions. The perceptions of political moderates were particularly important in providing a more complex understanding of political ideology and nuclear energy issues.
Recovering Whiteness in Medical‐Restorative Rehab
Authors: Whetstone Sarah , Gowan Teresa
Published: May 2022

We present an ethnography of a highly medicalized rehab for stably employed, non‐criminalized men in Minnesota—arguing that while its style of rehab is universalized in popular accounts, it actually represents a case of distinctly white, middle‐class self‐reinvention within the broader field of US addiction treatment. “Medical‐restorative rehab” at “Healing Bridges” offered Twelve‐Step treatment, popular addiction science, and medication‐based therapies to white suburbanites recovering from addiction. While many patients had engaged in substantial drug‐related crime, the program's location outside the carceral state shielded participants from the stigma of criminalization, enabling them to construct their recovery as “voluntary” and restoring the fusion of white masculinity with self‐controlled possessive individualism. Bridges naturalized patients' privileged social location as “treatment readiness”—mapping inner strength and willpower onto the white, middle‐class self. The program then worked to instill techniques of self‐management, convert addictions into productive pursuits, and regulate desires in an uncertain world. Despite Bridges' rhetoric of heroic hyper‐agency, self‐governance was heavily supported by pharmaceutical interventions, shifting stigmatized drug dependence to licit pharmaceutical dependency constructed as responsible self‐care. Our analysis extends the study of American rehab as an important institution for the reproduction of distinct classed, raced, and gendered constructions of self‐hood and agency.
Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Fagan E. J.
Published: May 2022

Objective

In 2020, for the first time, a VP candidate was a black woman of immigrant parentage. This article asks whether Kamala Harris’ vice presidential candidacy may have motivated some white voters and especially those scoring high on racial resentment, anti‐immigrant attitudes, or sexism to vote for Trump instead of Biden.

Methods

We conducted an online priming experiment with non‐Hispanic white voters in August 2020, shortly after Harris was announced as the Democratic vice presidential nominee. Half of the samples were asked about their support for the president–vice presidential tickets, while the other half were asked only about support for a presidential candidate.

Results

Our results show that the Harris’ selection may have affected vote choice by pushing many whites, especially among the most racially conservative whites into the Trump column. We find mixed results for anti‐immigrant attitudes and sexism.

Conclusion

We conclude that one aspect of Harris’ identity—race—dominated the minds of voters relative to other aspects of her identity.
Validating and Refining Cognitive Process Models Using Probabilistic Graphical Models
Authors: Hiatt Laura M. , Brooks Connor , Trafton J. Gregory
Published: May 2022

We describe a new approach for developing and validating cognitive process models. In our methodology, graphical models (specifically, hidden Markov models) are developed both from human empirical data on a task and synthetic data traces generated by a cognitive process model of human behavior on the task. Differences between the two graphical models can then be used to drive model refinement. We show that iteratively using this methodology can unveil substantive and nuanced imperfections of cognitive process models that can then be addressed to increase their fidelity to empirical data.
Genetic and immunological characterization of G9 group A porcine rotaviruses in China
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Fengxuan , Kan Ruici , Cao Hui , Tang Cheng , Yue Hua , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2022

G9 group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are considered emerging pathogens in pigs and humans, and pigs are considered a potential host reservoir for human G9 RVAs. In this study, RVAs of two genotypes, G9P[23] and G9P[13], were successfully isolated and the genomic sequences were obtained, the genome constellation is G9‐P[23]‐I5‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1 and G9‐P[13]‐I5‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T7‐E1‐H1 respectively. One strain which amplified from clinic faecal sample had an unique genome constellation G9‐P[23]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1. All the genomic segments of three porcine G9 RVAs were closely related to those of porcine and/or porcine‐like human RVAs, demonstrating that the three viruses were porcine–human reassortant strains. To study the immunogenicity of the porcine G9 RVAs, 6‐week‐old female BALB/c mice were immunized with inactivated vaccines derived from porcine RVAs and then mated. The highest titres of neutralizing antibodies against G9P[23] and G9P[13] porcine RVAs (1,291 ± 35.22 and 1:232 ± 39.28 respectively) were produced in mice 7 days after the second immunization. Suckling mice born to the vaccinated dams were protected by maternal antibodies against challenge with homologous strains. Overall, our data demonstrate the occurrence of porcine–human reassortants of G9 RVAs, and extend our understanding of the immunogenicity of porcine G9 rotaviruses. They also provide a basis for the development of a porcine G9 RVA vaccine.
Effects of iCVD organic passivation in oxide thin-film transistors under repetitive bending stress for electrical and mechanical stability
Authors: Jung Taeseung , Jeon Sanghun
Published: May 2022

The passivation layers that should be formed on flexible electronics devices require high mechanical stability. Therefore, organic passivation has been used to enhance the electrical characteristics of various devices such as thin-film transistors (TFTs), organic light emitting diodes, and capacitors under mechanical stress. However, the conventional deposition of an organic film based on spin coating results in excessive thickness and the potential for chemical damage due to by-products such as organic solvents throughout the process. Here, we present the effects of a poly(1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane) organic passivation layer deposited by initiative chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) on the electrical and mechanical stabilities of oxide TFTs subjected to 30 000 repetitive tensile bending cycles. The highly ultrathin (50 nm) and excellent roughness (Rq = 0.33 nm) of the pV3D3 film assisted in preserving the mechanical stability of the device under external mechanical stress, and degradation of the electrical properties was suppressed compared with a device using SiO2 passivation. The mechanical properties of the type of passivation layer, including its Young’s modulus, affected the degradation of the electrical properties and reliability characteristics under repetitive bending. Finite-element structural simulations indicated a 15% reduction in equivalent stress applied to each layer of the device when pV3D3 (versus SiO2 passivation) was used. The iCVD-deposited pV3D3 film used in this study is a powerful candidate to act as the passivation layer of flexible electronics by strengthening the electrical stability of a device under external mechanical stress.
Spectral weighting functions for lateralization and localization of complex sound
Authors: Folkerts Monica L. , Stecker G. Christopher
Published: May 2022

Perceptual weighting of sound localization cues across spectral components was measured over headphones [experiment (expt.) 1] and in the free field (expt. 2) and quantified in the form of spectral weighting functions (SWFs). Stimuli consisted of five complex sounds (conditions), each containing seven frequency components. Participants judged the spatial position of the stimuli with spatial cues varying across frequency components. In separate experiments, free-field stimuli were presented anechoically (expt. 2), in the presence of simulated reverberation (expt. 3), or with stimuli varying in level either corrected for equal loudness (expt. 4.1) or sloped by ±6 dB per component (expt. 4.2). Overall results revealed greatest weight in the vicinity of 800 Hz, for both localization and interaural time difference (ITD)-based lateralization, although specific features of the SWFs did vary across stimulus conditions. The shape of the SWF follows the pattern of ITD sensitivity across frequency and is consistent with previous descriptions of an ITD “dominance region” peaking around 600–800 Hz. The close similarity of free field and ITD-based SWFs is further consistent with the hypothesized dominant role of low-frequency ITD in localization of broadband sounds. Other conditions revealed relatively modest effects of reverberation and component level.
Social Responsibilities: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Perspectives of Scientists, Engineers and Health Professionals
Authors: Wyndham Jessica , Albro Robert , Ettinger Joshua , Smith Kathryn , Sabatello Maya , Frankel Mark
Published: May 2022

The notion that scientists have a responsibility to society that goes beyond their responsibilities to the profession is long-standing. Yet, there is no consensus on what the content and scope of social responsibilities are or ought to be. While there is a growing literature concerning the issues encapsulated by the phrase “social responsibility of scientists,” a review of that literature reveals many and sometimes competing views, and the lack of data to inform the discussion. It is within this context that the AAAS Science and Human Rights Coalition and the AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program decided to develop and distribute an online questionnaire to scientists, engineers and health professionals internationally. The primary aim was to learn their perspectives on the nature and scope of their responsibilities and to identify any apparent similarities and differences in perspectives according to multiple demographic variables. This initial data gathering exercise was seen by the Coalition and SRHRL staff as a means to inform a follow-up survey of the international scientific community that would be more representative and scientifically rigorous.
Molecular Connectivity between Extracytoplasmic Sigma Factors and PhoP Accounts for Coupled Mycobacterial Stress Response
Authors: Goar Harsh , Paul Partha , Khan Hina , Sarkar Dibyendu
Published: May 2022

M. tuberculosis
encounters reductive stress under acidic pH. To investigate the mechanism of coupled stress response, we show that PhoP plays a major role in mycobacterial redox stress response.
CidA and LrgA: a “Hole” Lot More than Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Laabei Maisem , Duggan Seána
Published: May 2022

What do programmed cell death (PCD) and carbohydrate metabolism by-product transport have in common? Intriguingly, both processes involve the
cidABC
and
lrgAB
operons in the major human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
. Previously, CidA and LrgA have been studied in the context of programmed cell death, but a second function in overflow metabolism is increasingly evident.
Peripheral Blood Microbiome Analysis via Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Reveals the Complexity of Circulating Microbial Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Tong Xunliang , Yu Xiaowei , Du Yang , Su Fei , Liu Ye , Li Hexin , Liu Yunshan , Mu Kai , Liu Qingsong , Li Hui , Zhu Jiansheng , Xu Hongtao , Xiao Fei , Li Yanming
Published: May 2022

While circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been becoming a powerful marker for noninvasive identification of infectious pathogens in liquid biopsy specimens, a baseline for microbial cfDNA in healthy individuals is urgently needed for the proper interpretation of microbial cfDNA sequencing results in clinical metagenomics. Standard low-pass whole-genome-sequencing-based NIPT shares many similarities with the sequencing protocol for metagenomics and could provide a microbial cfDNA baseline in healthy people; thus, a reference cfDNA data set of the human microbiome was established with sequencing data from a total of 107,763 peripheral blood samples of healthy pregnant women undergoing NIPT screening.
First and second doses of Covishield vaccine provided high level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly transmissible settings: results from a prospective cohort of participants residing in congregate facilities in India
Authors: Tsundue Tenzin , Namdon Tenzin , Tsewang Tenzin , Topgyal Sonam , Dolma Tashi , Lhadon Dekyi , Choetso Tsering , Woesal Tenzin , Yangkyi Tenzin , Gupta Amita , Peters David , Paster Zorba , Phunkyi Dawa , Sadutshang Tsetan Dorji , Chaisson Richard E , Dorjee Kunchok
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Covishield vaccine among residents of congregate residential facilities.

Design

A prospective cohort study in congregate residential facilities.

Setting

Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India, from December 2020 to July 2021.

Participants

Residents of all ages in seven facilities—three monasteries, two old age homes and two learning centres—were enrolled.

Exposures

First and second doses of Covishield vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main outcomes measures

Primary outcome was development of COVID-19. Secondary outcome was unfavourable outcomes, defined as a composite of shortness of breath, hospitalisation or death. Vaccine effectiveness (%) was calculated as (1−HR)×100.

Results

There were 1114 residents (median age 31 years) participating in the study, 82% males. Twenty-eight per cent (n=308/1114) were unvaccinated, 50% (n=554/1114) had received one dose and 23% (n=252/1114) had received two doses of Covishield. The point prevalence of COVID-19 for the facilities ranged from 11% to 57%. Incidence rates (95% CI) of COVID-19 were 76 (63 to 90)/1000 person-months in the unvaccinated, 25 (18 to 35)/1000 person-months in recipients of one dose and 9 (4 to 19)/1000 person-months in recipients of two doses. The effectiveness of first and second doses of Covishield were 71% (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.29; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.46; p<0.001) and 80% (aHR 0.20; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.44; p<0.001), respectively, against SARS-CoV-2 infection and 86% (aHR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.82; p=0.023) and 99% (aHR 0.01; 95% CI 0.002 to 0.10; p<0.001), respectively, against unfavourable outcome. The effectiveness was higher after 14 days of receiving the first and second doses, 93% and 98%, respectively. Risk of infection was higher in persons with chronic hepatitis B (aHR 1.78; p=0.034) and previous history of tuberculosis (aHR 1.62; p=0.047).

Conclusion

Covishield was effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and reducing disease severity in highly transmissible settings during the second wave of the pandemic driven by the Delta variant.
Critical analysis of the effect the new Medical Device Regulation will have on the relevant stakeholder
Authors: Ahmed Tehzeem , Zafar Junaid , Sharif Faisal , Zafar Haroon
Published: May 2022

The regulatory framework around medical devices in the European Union has always focused on upholding patient safety. However, over the years, certain scandals have come to light in which patient safety has been compromised considerably. As a consequence, the overwhelming opprobrium was the cause for a radical change. The new Medical Device Regulation (MDR) has now been introduced (but yet to be fully implemented) to primarily combat the issues that have arisen as a result of these scandals. The MDR has been subject to significant commentary, particularly the effect it will have on relevant stakeholders. The stakeholders in the context of the MDR are the manufacturers, distributors, authorised representatives and importers. There is a general consensus among various professionals that the new requirements are far more onerous than the obligations contained in the previous regulatory framework. Moreover, there has been a lengthy delay in the date of application for the MDR. In particular, the approval of the notified bodies is raising a great concern. This paper will provide a critical analysis of the new requirements that stakeholders must comply with and, in addition, will review the postponement of the MDR.
Triple-serotype chimeric oncolytic adenovirus exerts multiple synergistic mechanisms against solid tumors
Authors: Su Yinghan , Li Jiang , Ji Weidan , Wang Gang , Fang Lin , Zhang Qin , Ang Lin , Zhao Min , Sen Yuan , Chen Lei , Zheng Junnian , Su Changqing , Qin Lunxiu
Published: May 2022

Background

Oncolytic virotherapy has become an important branch of cancer immunotherapy. This study investigated the efficacy of an oncolytic adenovirus (OAV), OncoViron, with synergistic mechanisms in the treatment of multiple solid tumors.

Methods

An OAV, OncoViron, was constructed and investigated by cytological experiments and implanted tumor models of multiple solid tumor cell lines to certify its anticancer efficacy, the synergistic effects of viral oncolysis and transgene anticancer activity of OncoViron, as well as oncolytic virotherapy combined with immunotherapy, were also verified.

Results

The selective replication of OncoViron mediated high expression of anticancer factors, specifically targeted a variety of solid tumors and significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. On a variety of implanted solid tumor models in immunodeficient mice, immunocompetent mice, and humanized mice, OncoViron showed great anticancer effects on its own and in combination with programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Pathological examination, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptome analysis of animal implanted tumor specimens confirmed that OncoViron significantly altered the gene expression profile of infected cancer cells, not only recruiting a large number of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and mononuclear macrophages into tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated immune cells, especially T cells but also inducing M1 polarization of macrophages and promoting the release of more immune cytokines, thereby remodeling the TME for coordinating PD-1 antibody or CAR T therapy.

Conclusions

The chimeric OncoViron is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer product with multiple mechanisms of synergistic and potentiated immunotherapy, creating a good opportunity for combined immunotherapy against solid tumors.
Real-world burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in the USA: a comparative cohort study from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2016–2018
Authors: Grabich Shannon , Farrelly Eileen , Ortmann Robert , Pollack Michael , Wu Sandra Sze-jung
Published: May 2022

Objective

SLE is a chronic, multiorgan, autoimmune disease; however, current prevalence estimates are dated and often from non-generalisable patient populations, and quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in the real-world SLE population are not well-published. The present study used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a generalisable US data source encompassing a representative sample of regions/payers, to estimate SLE prevalence and characterise disease burden compared with non-SLE respondents.

Methods

Retrospective population-based survey data weighted to the full US population from MEPS for the calendar years 2016–2018, pooled over the full study period, was used. The primary inclusion criteria included adults with self-reported SLE and either a record of SLE-related medication and/or rheumatologist visit in the calendar year. A matched-control cohort was created and the general non-SLE MEPS population was matched to MEPS SLE respondents by gender, age, region and MEPS reporting year using a 1:5 ratio.

Results

From 2016 to 2018, 96 996 adults reported annual data in MEPS, of whom 154 respondents met the primary SLE definition, equivalent to 490 385 weighted number of adults with SLE. The prevalence of SLE was 195 (95% CI 149 to 242) per 100000, with greater prevalence observed in the US South, African-American/black and publicly insured people and females. SLE respondents reported limitations in physical function at 3 times greater rate (45% vs 15%; p<0.0001), higher rates of pain-limiting work (67% vs 39%; p<0.001) and feeling depressed ‘nearly every day’ (7% vs 2%; p<0.001) compared with non-SLE respondents. All-cause healthcare and prescription expenses were significantly higher in SLE respondents (US$17 270 vs US$8350 (p<0.0001) and US$4512 vs US$1952 (p<0.001), respectively, in 2018 US dollars).

Conclusion

Wide variation of SLE prevalence exists among patients of different regional, demographic and payer groups; SLE is associated with adverse quality of life, productivity and economic outcomes compared with non-SLE respondents.
One-matrix differential reformulation of two-matrix models
Authors: Brunekreef Joren , Lionni Luca , Thürigen Johannes
Published: May 2022

Differential reformulations of field theories are often used for explicit computations. We derive a one-matrix differential formulation of two-matrix models, with the help of which it is possible to diagonalize the one- and two-matrix models using a formula by Itzykson and Zuber that allows diagonalizing differential operators with respect to matrix elements of Hermitian matrices. We detail the equivalence between the expressions obtained by diagonalizing the partition function in differential or integral formulation, which is not manifest at first glance. For one-matrix models, this requires transforming certain derivatives to variables. In the case of two-matrix models, the same computation leads to a new determinant formulation of the partition function, and we discuss potential applications to new orthogonal polynomials methods.
Existence and concentration of positive solutions to a fractional system with saturable term
Authors: Li Menghui , He Jinchun , Xu Haoyuan , Yang Meihua
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider a fractional Laplacian system with saturable nonlinearity. Under some assumptions on the parameters and potential functions, we obtain the existence and concentration behavior of the positive ground state solution by variational methods.
Cyber Secured Internet of Things-Enabled Additive Manufacturing: Industry 4.0 Perspective
Authors: Ali Yousaf , Shah Syed Waqar , Khan Wasim Ahmed , Waqas Muhammad
Published: May 2022

The multitude of nodes, sensors and other devices in internet of things enables manufacturing systems to create security challenges for engineers and researchers. In particular, the nodes’ mobility, the mobile robots in the internet of things-based nodes increase the vulnerability of the device and sensors in the manufacturing network. In this paper, the encryption scheme is implemented to secure an internet of things-based additive manufacturing nodes against the network layer attack. To this end, the paper considers the black hole attack as a network layer attack and modifies the routing protocol to mitigate the black hole attack. The RSA encryption technique is used to encrypt and decrypt the routing messages between the manufacturing nodes using the public and private keys. The public key is used for encrypting the route request messages from manufacturing nodes while the private key is utilized for decrypting the messages at the receiver node. The proposed scheme is simulated using network simulator NS-2 and its performances are compared.
qprof: A gprof-Inspired Quantum Profiler
Authors: Suau Adrien , Staffelbach Gabriel , Todri-Sanial Aida
Published: May 2022

We introduce qprof, a new and extensible quantum program profiler able to generate profiling reports of quantum circuits written using various quantum computing frameworks. We describe the internal structure and working of qprof and provide practical examples on quantum circuits with increasing complexity along with benchmarks of the tool execution time on large circuits. This tool will allow researchers to visualise their quantum algorithm implementation in a different and complementary way and reliably localise the bottlenecks for efficient code optimisation.
Mathematical Modeling of Energy-dense NMC Electrodes: Part II. Data Analysis with Newman Model and with an Extended Model Accounting for Particle Agglomeration
Authors: Nguyen Tuan-Tu , Delobel Bruno , Demortière Arnaud , Delacourt Charles
Published: May 2022

In this second part of this series of papers, the use of two physics-based models to analyze the discharge performance of a set of high-energy-density electrodes is discussed. The measured set of parameters from the first part is implemented into these models. First, the regular Newman pseudo-2D model shows a large discrepancy against the experimental values. Then, an extension of the Newman model considering the particle agglomeration due to the calendering effects is presented, allowing for the validation of discharge rate capabilities of all studied industry-grade electrodes with different electrolytes. At the agglomerate scale, the model accounts for both the ionic transport in sub-pores and the inter-particle solid diffusion. The simulation results from this work demonstrate that increasing the electrode loading and/or density leads to either a higher fraction of sub-pores (at the expense of that of macropores) or larger porous agglomerate size, resulting in a poor rate performance. The model analysis suggests that a substantial gain in performance at high C-rates is expected if agglomeration effects are mitigated in these high-energy electrodes.
Aluminum Electrodeposition in Dry Air Atmosphere: Comparative Study of an Acetamide–AlCl3 Deep Eutectic Solvent and a 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride–AlCl3 Ionic Liquid
Authors: Yamagami Masaki , Higashino Shota , Yamamoto Takashi , Ikenoue Takumi , Miyake Masao , Hirato Tetsuji
Published: May 2022

Aluminum electrodeposition using ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents has attracted significant interest for coating applications. Although Al electrodeposition is usually carried out in a nitrogen- or argon-filled glove box, there may be a potential for process cost reduction if the Al electrodeposition process could be carried out in a dry atmosphere. In this study, we examined two commonly used baths, namely a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl)–AlCl3 ionic liquid and an acetamide (AcAm)–AlCl3 deep eutectic solvent, to determine their respective feasibilities for the electrodeposition of a uniform Al film in dry air. Electrodeposition in dry air using the AcAm–AlCl3 bath produced uniform Al films even after the bath had been used for more than 10 weeks, whereas electrodeposition in dry air using the EMImCl–AlCl3 bath failed to produce an Al film covering the entire substrate. The current efficiency was almost 100% in the AcAm–AlCl3 bath, whereas the value decreased to 50% in EMImCl–AlCl3 bath in dry air. The findings of this study therefore reveal that AcAm–AlCl3 is a suitable bath for Al electrodeposition in dry air.
MXene Surface Functional Groups Regulation: Enhancing Area Capacitance of Divalent Zinc Ion Micro-Supercapacitor
Authors: Peng Ruhai , Han Kaiwei , Tang Kun
Published: May 2022

As an emerging two-dimensional material, MXene is widely used in the field of energy storage, especially for micro-supercapacitors (MSC). After the etching of the original Ti3AlC2, the obtained surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene has a grand number of functional groups, such as (–F, –OH, –O). In this paper, we introduced bacterial cellulose(BC) with a amount of functional groups to widen the layer spacing, so that more metal ions are adsorbed on the surface of MXene, then KOH solution was added for treatment mixed solution of MXene/BC. We confirmed by FT-IR that a grand number of groups were present on the surfaces of Ti3C2Tx and BC, and then characterized by XPS and found that the oxygen functional group strength on the surface of the treated MXene/BC composite film was significantly increased compared to the untreated MXene/BC composite film. The electrochemical performance test showed that the composite film treated with KOH solution as the MSC electrode had an area capacitance of 223 mF cm−2 and an area energy density of 42 μWh cm−2, which was better than composite film electrode of the MSC without KOH treatment (area capacitance of 161 mF cm−2 and area energy density of 31 μWh cm−2).
Preparation of U-Nb alloy from oxide precursors by direct oxide electrochemical reduction method
Authors: Khan Mohd. Sufiyan , Mukherjee Anwesha , R. Kumaresan
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to prepare U-7 wt% Nb alloy by the direct oxide electrochemical reduction (DOER) method. The alloy was prepared from the mixed oxide precursors namely, UO2 and Nb2O5. When the precursors were sintered in a reducing atmosphere of Ar-8 vol% H2, Nb2O5 was converted into NbO2. Subsequently, the mixed oxide pellet (UO2-NbO2) was reduced by the lithium metal, electrochemically generated from a molten LiCl-1 wt% Li2O bath at 700 °C. The electro-lithiothermic reduction was performed by constant current electrolysis mode with a mixed oxide pellet as the cathode and platinum as the anode. The reduction pathways of the individual oxides and the mixture were established using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis techniques. The reduced alloy was characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS. These results confirmed the formation of U-Nb alloy. The composition of the alloy was determined by EDS, EDXRF and chemical analysis.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Selection of the Most Efficient Itemset Algorithm Based on Spark
Authors: Jie Huang , Dehua Wu
Published: May 2022

The combination of Spark distributed platform and High-Utility Itemset Mining can solve the problem of long running time issue of High-Utility Itemset Mining. In the experiment, we conclude that Spark-based parallel D2HUP and EFIM algorithms have a greater improvement in running time efficiency than serial algorithms. The existing research has shown that the EFIM and D2HUP algorithms are the two best algorithms for High-Utility Itemset Mining. This paper generates 118 datasets by generating and collecting the running time of the two algorithms in the real and simulated datasets, taking into account the characteristics of each dataset’s length, sparse degree, and dataset size as characteristics with running time as the prediction target and then establishing a model. The accuracy of the prediction was evaluated through experiments, and a set of rules based on decision trees was generated. According to the rules, the fastest algorithm between EFIM and D2HUP can be predicted very well.
Effect Evaluation of Eco-Environmental Big Data Resource Integration and Data Sharing Construction
Authors: Fan Yongqiang , Long Shijun , Zhang Ruobing , Ge Cheng , Zhang Yonggang , Zhang Qingsong
Published: May 2022

The application of big data in the field of ecological environment has achieved remarkable results, but there are still problems such as insufficient innovation and lack of shared service ability. This research takes the big data platform as the technical support and makes full use of advanced technologies such as internet of things, cloud computing, and big data to realize the integration of ecological environment big data resources and real-time data sharing. Through network technology, the ecological environment metadata can be automatically obtained from the internet and stored. When sharing ecological environment metadata, realize the data response and declassification of geospatial data for different user access levels, and finally safely feedback the ecological environment spatial big data integrated with the target ecological environment metadata and declassified geospatial data to the access initiator, so as to realize the centralized sharing of decentralized environmental information resources and give full play to the supporting role of big data, so that big data can be effectively applied in environmental monitoring. Find out the changes of pollution sources and pollutants through massive data, so as to provide necessary data support for the whole environmental monitoring.
Magnitude and Predictors of In-Hospital Stroke Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tareke Amare Abera , Abate Masrie Getnet , Alem Addis , Alamneh Yoseph Merkeb , Alamneh Alehegn Aderaw , Deml Yikeber Argachew , Shiferaw Mulu , Kassahun Woldeteklehaymanot , Teym Abraham
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 5.5 million deaths each year. Due to demographic and health changes, the epidemiology of stroke is shifting from industrialized to low- and middle-income nations. Ethiopia is a developing country with a population that reflects this shift. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at evaluating the extent of in-hospital mortality of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Ethiopia and determining relevant factors associated with the mortality. Methods. Observational studies published as of July 15, 2020, that reported the magnitude, predictors, and causes of in-hospital mortality of stroke were systematically and comprehensively retrieved using the PRISMA 2020 criteria from databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The review papers were chosen based on the study methodology (facility-based observational), the study area (Ethiopia), the study population (adult patients with stroke), the outcome (in-hospital mortality), and the fact that they were published in English. Result. A total of 3709 patients with stroke were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, which included 19 publications. In-hospital mortality was 14.03 percent on average in the studies, with reports ranging from 6.04 percent to 37.37 percent. Patients with hemorrhagic type stroke, admission Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 12, impaired mental status, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale stroke level greater than 13, prolonged hospital stay, any incontinence, pneumonia, and/or swallowing trouble had an increased risk of death after stroke. Conclusion. The magnitude of in-hospital mortality of patients with stroke in Ethiopia is high. The assessment of the level of consciousness is vital for clinical management and as an indicator of prognosis. Patients with unfavorable prognostic signs, such as entry Glasgow Coma Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

stroke
 
level
>
13

, hemorrhagic stroke, pneumonia, incontinence, and dysphagia, should be given priority.
The Core Cluster-Based Subspace Weighted Clustering Ensemble
Authors: Huang Xuan , Qin Fang , Lin Lin
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has developed rapidly and is widely used in various fields. It is of great research significance to uncover underlying patterns and insights from the high-dimensional data of IoT, to excavate valuable information to guide people’s production and life. Clustering can explore the natural cluster structure of the data, which is conducive to further understanding of the data, and is an essential preprocessing step for data analysis. However, clustering is highly dependent on the data. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, reduce the computational cost, and obtain a more robust clustering solution, we combine subspace clustering and ensemble learning to propose a novel subspace weighted clustering ensemble framework for high-dimensional data. The proposed framework first combines random feature selection and unsupervised feature selection to generate a set of base subspaces. Clustering is performed on each base subspace to achieve a set of subspace clustering solutions that generate a set of adaptive core clusters. The size of the core cluster is between the sample and the cluster. In the ensemble process, the core clusters are viewed as the basic unit, and the stability of the cluster is evaluated by measuring the distance between the core cluster pairs, and the similarity between the core clusters and the clusters in the base subspace, and then weighting the subspace clustering solution. Under this framework, we propose four subspace ensemble approaches based on core cluster to improve the accuracy of consensus clustering solutions. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple real-world high-dimensional datasets, demonstrating that the proposed framework can process high-dimensional data for the IoT, and the proposed subspace clustering ensemble approaches are superior to the state-of-the-art clustering approaches.
Extending COPRAS Method with Linguistic Fermatean Fuzzy Sets and Hamy Mean Operators
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ramzan Naila , Feng Feng
Published: May 2022

The utilization of linguistic variables is of vital importance for qualitative information processing in mathematical modelling and decision making under uncertainty. The primary purpose of our study is to introduce a novel structure by the fusion of Fermatean fuzzy sets and linguistic term sets. This hybrid structure is termed as the linguistic Fermatean fuzzy set which can be employed for dealing with decision‐making problems involving qualitative information. Several fundamental operations of linguistic Fermatean fuzzy sets are introduced. Furthermore, we present four classes of linguistic Fermatean fuzzy Hamy mean operators, namely, the linguistic Fermatean fuzzy Hamy mean operator, the linguistic Fermatean fuzzy dual Hamy mean operator, the linguistic Fermatean fuzzy weighted Hamy mean operator, and the linguistic Fermatean fuzzy weighted dual Hamy mean operator. Some basic properties of these linguistic Fermatean fuzzy Hamy mean operators are examined as well. In addition, we develop a linguistic Fermatean fuzzy extension of the COPRAS method. We also propose a novel approach to multi‐attribute group decision making with linguistic Fermatean fuzzy information. With our proposed methods, we solve two practical problems regarding food company ranking and green supplier selection, respectively. Finally, the efficacy of our developed method is validated through a comparative analysis with existing methods.
Innovative Research on Collaborative Design Mechanism of Cave Dwellings in Henan under Cloud Environment
Authors: Rong Shukun , Liu Xiaohua , Bai Chen
Published: May 2022

Collaborative design is an important link in building construction at present, while the communication and cooperation among disciplines need further regulation. In order to maintain the cost-effectiveness and design quality of building engineering in the competitive environment and obtain higher economic benefits, the design team must ensure the collaborative design quality of building engineering. Based on the analysis of collaboration theory and collaboration mechanism, a collaborative design platform for caves in Henan province is constructed under the current cloud environment. In addition, the requirements and nonfunctional requirements of the platform are analyzed, and the overall structure with each part is designed specifically, hoping to improve the quality of collaborative design effectively.
The Effect of Mental Toughness on Learning Burnout of Junior Middle School Students: Putting School Adaptation as a Mediator Variable
Authors: Fengjun Qi , Jing Zhou , Liguang Li
Published: May 2022

Learning burnout has always been a key problem in school education. Junior high school students, as an important part of the student population, cannot be ignored. To explore the impact of resilience, school adaptation on learning burnout is helpful to improve students’ learning level and reduce learning burnout. In this study, the junior high school students in A city were selected as the research objects, and questionnaires were used to explore the effect of mental toughness on learning burnout and the mediating effect of school adaptation. Statistical analysis methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression were used. Based on the theoretical model of job burnout, data analysis showed that mental toughness of junior high school students in A city could significantly negatively predict learning burnout. Adolescent mental toughness can significantly affect the prediction of school adjustment school adjustment has a significant negative impact on learning burnout, and mental toughness can indirectly affect learning burnout through school adjustment.
Thiamethoxam-Induced Subclinical Onychomadesis
Authors: Grover Chander , Saha Sushobhan , Sharma Sonal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Irritant contact dermatitis affecting the nail unit may lead to nail matrix damage and onychomadesis, which may initially be subclinical, becoming overt later. We describe a patient who developed these changes after using a chemical pesticide. Case Presentation: A 52-year-old woman presented with discoloration of the nails of both hands of two days' duration, associated with mild digital pain. She had used an over-the-counter insecticide product containing thiamethoxam (a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide) for her houseplants, preceding the nail changes. Examination revealed onycholysis and subclinical onychomadesis involving multiple fingernails as well as toenails. Onychoscopic examination showed proximal nail plate separation with an erythematous regular border. Histopathology showed an essentially normal nail plate with spongiosis, epidermal cell necrosis, and hypergranulosis. However, there was no evidence of bacterial or fungal infection, and dermal inflammation was mild. The patient was diagnosed with thiamethoxam-induced irritant dermatitis with subclinical onychomadesis and was advised to take general precautions with avoidance of any further contact with the insecticide. She was managed with topical steroids and emollient; however, on follow-up, she developed green nails, with progression to overt onychomadesis in some nails. Additionally, onychomycosis was observed in few nails in the long-term, which needed to be treated. Conclusion: Thiamethoxam is an over-the-counter broad-spectrum insecticide used for houseplants, but its safety data does not mention acute adverse effects on nails, which was a novel finding in our patient. The safety data does mention the use of gloves for preparing and administering the product. Secondary bacterial and fungal infections, which can occur after the initial insult, further worsen the prognosis.
Successful Response to a Combination of Intralesional Methotrexate and Fractional CO2 Laser in Refractory Alopecia Areata: Case Report
Authors: Rodríguez-Villa Lario Ana , Aguado-García Ángel , Andrés-Lencina Juan José , Corredera Cristina , García-Legaz Martínez Marta , Alonso de Celada Ricardo M. , Subiabre-Ferrer Daniela , Valenzuela-Oñate Cristian , Ricart-Vayá José María , Gómez-Zubiaur Alba
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Refractory cases of alopecia areata (AA) may be considered a therapeutic challenge. Intralesional methotrexate (IL-MTX) has been used in other dermatological diseases rather than AA. Likewise, its topical use as an immunosuppressant drug may be of interest for the control of the lymphoid infiltrate in AA. On the other hand, the use of fractional ablative laser is supported in literature as an alternative or complementary treatment in AA, whilst the generation of columns of thermal damage may favour the migration of cells and cytokines that are beneficial. Case Presentation: In this paper, we present 2 cases in which IL-MTX and ablative fractional CO2 laser were combined with excellent outcomes. Conclusion: Previous research encompasses a total of 23 patients. Most patients presented with patchy AA. The doses administered ranged from 2.5 to 50 mg with an average frequency of 3 weeks. On average, most patients required a minimum of 3 sessions. One case employed 1% topical methotrexate ointment. Adverse local events were mild and transient. In conclusion, the concomitant application of these treatments has not been reported previously. Specific recommendations relating to the appropriate dosing of the drug, frequency of administration, and requirements for analytical control studies should be determined in further studies.
Juvenile-Onset Kufs Disease in a Chinese Consanguineous Family due to CLN6 Mutation
Authors: Jia Weimin , Luo Yalin , Wang Jiuxiang , Yang Yue , Yang Wenming , Zhang Xianqin
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the genetic cause of two cases of Kufs disease in the same family. The two affected individuals exhibited different levels of severity under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on affected individuals, and the candidate gene was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the level of expression of CLN6 protein in 239T cells. Results: We identified a novel homozygous mutation of the CLN6 gene (c.14G>T, p.Arg5Leu) in a consanguineous Chinese family in which two people had Kufs disease. Both patients exhibited seizures and progressive psychomotor decline and mental deterioration without visual impairment. They had different ages of onset, although they carried the same missense mutation. The affected female showed a pronounced abnormal MRI signal in the bilateral hippocampus, while her younger brother only showed a very slight abnormal signal. Further study showed that this missense mutation could decrease the level of expression of CLN6 protein. Conclusions: A novel homozygous mutation of the CLN6 gene was identified, and patients with the same mutation showed different ages of onset and different levels of severity under MRI. Significance: Our study established that the same CLN6 mutation could produce different phenotypes in patients, and it has expanded the mutational and phenotypical spectrum of the CLN6 gene.