bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel High‐Throughput Screening of Multicomponent Photocatalysts for Decomposition of Organic Pollutants Based on Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Zhang Meijuan , Lee Jianchao , Wang Liping , Duan Qianlan , Zhang Jiarui , Qi Hailang
Published: November 2015

A novel high‐throughput screening (HTS) method based on fluorescence imaging was developed for the exploration of photocatalysts. In our HTS method, UV lithography technique was adopted to prepare a chip with 1262 independent microreactors. Aiming to fabricate a large group of catalysts, we selected the sulfides of six metals, Cd, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ce, Y to modify nano‐MoS2. In practice, a color ink‐jet printing technology was adapted to obtain a catalyst library. The structural feature and chemical composition of the individual catalysts were typically characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of the library was evaluated with fluorescence imaging. The selected catalysts with the highest catalytic activity are the following three combinations of (Cd0.03Ni0.77Zn0.04Sr0.02Ce0.12Y0.01)Sx/MoS2, (Cd0.23Ni0.06Zn0.18Sr0.00Ce0.26Y0.27) Sx/MoS2, and (Cd0.04Ni0.32Zn0.31Sr0.00Ce0.18Y0.15)Sx/MoS2, which were verified in conventional batch reactions.
Ethylene Polymerization by Xanthene‐Bridged Dinuclear α‐Diimine NiII Complexes
Authors: Wang Ruikun , Sui Xuelin , Pang Wenmin , Chen Changle
Published: November 2015

The synthesis, characterization, and ethylene polymerization properties of a series of xanthene‐bridged dinuclear α‐diimine NiII complexes are described. The dinucleating α‐diimine ligands were prepared from the xanthene‐bridged di‐anilines, which were synthesized and isolated on the multigram scale without using column chromatography. The di‐anilines could potentially be used to prepare various dinucleating imine‐containing olefin polymerization ligands. In ethylene polymerization, the dinuclear α‐diimine NiII complexes showed good thermal stability and high catalytic activity. In addition, the polyethylene generated by these dinuclear α‐diimine NiII complexes showed high molecular weight, narrow polydispersity, and very low branching density. Metal–metal cooperativity effects was invoked to explain the slow β‐hydride elimination process and the correspondingly slow chain‐walking process.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry Derived from Bulky Allenyl and Propargyl Phosphanes
Authors: Rosorius Christoph , Möricke Jennifer , Wibbeling Birgit , McQuilken Alison C. , Warren Timothy H. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: November 2015

The dimesitylpropargylphosphanes mes2P−CH2−C≡C−R 6 a (R=H), 6 b (R=CH3), 6 c (R=SiMe3) and the allene mes2P−C(CH3)=C=CH2 (8) were reacted with Piers’ borane, HB(C6F5)2. Compound 6 a gave mes2PCH2CH=CH(B(C6F5)2] (9 a). In contrast, addition of HB(C6F5)2 to 6 b and 6 c gave mixtures of 9 b (R=CH3) and 9 c (R=SiMe3) with the regioisomers mes2P−CH2−C[B(C6F5)2]=CRH 2 b (R=CH3) and 2 c (R=SiMe3), respectively. Compounds 2 b,c underwent rapid phosphane/borane (P/B) frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactions under mild conditions. Compound 2 c reacted with nitric oxide (NO) to give the persistent FLP NO radical 11. The systems 2 b,c cleaved dihydrogen at room temperature to give the respective phosphonium/hydridoborate products 13 b,c. Compound 13 c transferred the H+/H− pair to a small series of enamines. Compound 13 c was also a metal‐free catalyst (5 mol %) for the hydrogenation of the enamines. The allene 8 reacted with B(C6F5)3 to give the zwitterionic phosphonium/borate 17. The ‐PPh2‐substituted mes2P‐propargyl system 6 d underwent a typical 1,2‐P/B‐addition reaction to the C≡C triple bond to form the phosphetium/borate zwitterion 20. Several products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Lewis Acid Binding and Transfer as a Versatile Experimental Gauge of the Lewis Basicity of Fe0, Ru0, and Pt0Complexes
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Brunecker Carina , Dewhurst Rian D. , Schneider Christoph , Wennemann Benedikt
Published: November 2015

A number of zerovalent ruthenium tri‐ and tetracarbonyl complexes of the form [Ru(CO)5−nLn] (n=1, 2) with neutral phosphine or N‐heterocyclic carbene donor ligands have been treated with the Lewis acids GaCl3and Ag+to form a range of metal‐only Lewis pairs (MOLPs). The spectroscopic and structural parameters of the adducts are compared to each other and to related iron carbonyl based MOLPs. The Lewis basicity of the original Ru0complexes is gauged by transfer experiments, as well as through the degree of pyramidization of the bound GaCl3units and the RuM bond lengths. The work shows the benefits of the MOLP concept as one of the few direct experimental gauges of metal basicity, and one that can allow comparisons between metal complexes with different metal centers and ligand sets.
Steric Constraints Induced Frustrated Growth of Supramolecular Nanorods in Water
Authors: Appel Ralph , Fuchs Jonas , Tyrrell Sara M. , Korevaar Peter A. , Stuart Marc C. A. , Voets Ilja K. , Schönhoff Monika , Besenius Pol
Published: November 2015

A unique example of supramolecular polymerisation in water based on monomers with nanomolar affinities, which yield rod‐like materials with extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability, yet of finite length, is reported. A small library of charge‐neutral dendritic peptide amphiphiles was prepared, with a branched nonaphenylalanine‐based core that was conjugated to hydrophilic dendrons of variable steric demand. Below a critical size of the dendron, the monomers assemble into nanorod‐like polymers, whereas for larger dendritic side chains frustrated growth into near isotropic particles is observed. The supramolecular morphologies observed by electron microscopy, X‐ray scattering and diffusion NMR spectroscopy studies are in agreement with the mechanistic insights obtained from fitting polymerisation profiles: non‐cooperative isodesmic growth leads to degrees of polymerisation that match the experimentally determined nanorod contour lengths of close to 70 nm. The reported designs for aqueous self‐assembly into well‐defined anisotropic particles has promising potential for biomedical applications and the development of functional supramolecular biomaterials, with emerging evidence that anisotropic shapes in carrier design outperform conventional isotropic materials for targeted imaging and therapy.
Host–Guest Strategy to Reversibly Control a Chloride Carrier Process with Cyclodextrins
Authors: Gravel Julien , Kempf Julie , Schmitzer Andreea
Published: November 2015

Herein, we report a reversible modular chloride transport process based on host–guest competitive interactions between an imidazolium‐based chloride carrier and beta‐cyclodextrin. We report evidence for the formation of the supramolecular complex between 1,3‐bis(2‐(adamantan‐1‐yl)ethyl)imidazolium bis(trifluorometyl‐sulfonyl)imide with two β‐cyclodextrins. Through fluorescence assays in liposomes and black lipid membrane experiments, we demonstrate that the formation of the supramolecular complex results in the inhibition of the chloride transport. We show that the chloride transport process can be entirely restored in the presence of competitive adamantyl‐functionalized guests. This is the first example of an entirely reversible modular chloride transport process in phospholipid bilayers involving a mobile carrier transporter and cyclodextrin supramolecular complex.
Supramolecular Alternating Polymer from Crown Ether and Pillar[5]arene‐Based Double Molecular Recognition for Preparation of Hierarchical Materials
Authors: Li Hui , Fan Xiaodong , Qi Miao , Yang Zhen , Zhang Haitao , Tian Wei
Published: November 2015

A novel supramolecular alternating polymer is constructed based on double molecular recognition events of benzo‐21‐crown‐7 with a secondary ammonium salt and of pillar[5]arene with a neutral guest. The resulting polymer is utilized to prepare hierarchical materials with different dimensionalities for the first time. These materials included zero‐dimensional spherical aggregates, one‐dimensional nanofibers, two‐dimensional microstructured films, and three‐dimensional ordered glue. This development will be helpful for designing and preparing supramolecular hierarchical materials with different dimensionalities.
Organocatalytic 1,4‐Addition Reaction of 2‐Formyl(thio)esters to Vinylketones: An Efficient Access to Acyclic Chiral Building Blocks with a Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter
Authors: Tatsumi Toshifumi , Misaki Tomonori , Sugimura Takashi
Published: November 2015

2‐Formyl(thio)esters were utilized as pronucleophiles to obtain less‐accessible acyclic chiral building blocks bearing versatile functional groups on a quaternary carbon atom for enantioselective 1,4‐addition to vinylketones. To achieve high enantioselectivity in the present 1,4‐addition reaction, thiourea‐tertiary amines containing a bulky chiral backbone were developed as catalysts, and several derivatizations of the products were performed to demonstrate the synthetic utility of the products.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Helically Chiral N,N,O,O‐Boron‐Chelated Dipyrromethenes
Authors: Alnoman Rua B. , Rihn Sandra , O'Connor Daniel C. , Black Fiona A. , Costello Bernard , Waddell Paul G. , Clegg William , Peacock Robert D. , Herrebout Wouter , Knight Julian G. , Hall Michael J.
Published: November 2015

Helically chiral N,N,O,O‐boron chelated dipyrromethenes showed solution‐phase circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the red region of the visible spectrum (λem(max) from 621 to 663 nm). The parent dipyrromethene is desymmetrised through O chelation of boron by the 3,5‐ortho‐phenolic substituents, inducing a helical chirality in the fluorophore. The combination of high luminescence dissymmetry factors (|glum| up to 4.7 ×10−3) and fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF up to 0.73) gave exceptionally efficient circularly polarized red emission from these simple small organic fluorophores, enabling future application in CPL‐based bioimaging.
Connectivity between the OFF bipolar type DB3a and six types of ganglion cell in the marmoset retina
Authors: Masri Rania A. , Percival Kumiko A. , Koizumi Amane , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike
Published: November 2015

Parallel visual pathways originate at the first synapse in the retina, where cones make connections with cone bipolar cells that in turn contact ganglion cells. There are more ganglion cell types than bipolar types, suggesting that there must be divergence from bipolar to ganglion cells. Here we analyze the contacts between an OFF bipolar type (DB3a) and six ganglion cell types in the retina of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Ganglion cells were transfected via particle‐mediated gene transfer of an expression plasmid for the postsynaptic density 95‐green fluorescent protein (PSD95‐GFP), and DB3a cells were labeled via immunohistochemistry. Ganglion cell types that fully or partially costratified with DB3a cells included OFF parasol, OFF midget, broad thorny, recursive bistratified, small bistratified, and large bistratified cells. On average, the number of DB3a contacts to parasol cells (18 contacts per axon terminal) is higher than that to other ganglion cell types (between four and seven contacts). We estimate that the DB3a output to OFF parasol cells accounts for at least 30% of the total DB3a output. Furthermore, we found that OFF parasol cells receive approximately 20% of their total bipolar input from DB3a cells, suggesting that other diffuse bipolar types also provide input to OFF parasol cells. We conclude that DB3a cells preferentially contact OFF parasol cells but also provide input to other ganglion cell types. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1839–1858, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The anatomical basis for modulatory convergence in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta
Authors: Lizbinski Kristyn M. , Metheny Jackie D. , Bradley Samual P. , Kesari Aditya , Dacks Andrew M.
Published: November 2015

The release of neuromodulators by widely projecting neurons often allows sensory systems to alter how they process information based on the physiological state of an animal. Neuromodulators alter network function by changing the biophysical properties of individual neurons and the synaptic efficacy with which individual neurons communicate. However, most, if not all, sensory networks receive multiple neuromodulatory inputs, and the mechanisms by which sensory networks integrate multiple modulatory inputs are not well understood. Here we characterized the relative glomerular distribution of two extrinsic neuromodulators associated with distinct physiological states, serotonin (5‐HT) and dopamine (DA), in the antennal lobe (AL) of the moth Manduca sexta. By using immunocytochemistry and mass dye fills, we characterized the innervation patterns of both 5‐HT‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive processes relative to each other, to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), to projection neurons (PNs), and to several subsets of local interneurons (LNs). 5‐HT immunoreactivity had nearly complete overlap with PNs and LNs, yet no overlap with ORNs, suggesting that 5‐HT may modulate PNs and LNs directly but not ORNs. TH immunoreactivity overlapped with PNs, LNs, and ORNs, suggesting that dopamine has the potential to modulate all three cell types. Furthermore, the branching density of each neuromodulator differed, with 5‐HT exhibiting denser arborizations and TH‐ir processes being sparser. Our results suggest that 5‐HT and DA extrinsic neurons target partially overlapping glomerular regions, yet DA extends further into the region occupied by ORNs. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1859–1875, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1 D Hierarchical MnCo2O4 Nanowire@MnO2 Sheet Core–Shell Arrays on Graphite Paper as Superior Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Shude , Hui Kwan San , Hui Kwun Nam
Published: November 2015

Heterostructured metal oxide core–shell architectures have attracted considerable attention owing to their superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors compared to a single structure. Here, we report a simple and effective synthesis of hierarchical MnCo2O4 nanowire@MnO2 sheet core–shell nanostructures anchored on graphite paper for use in supercapacitors. The proposed electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 2262 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. In addition, good rate capability and excellent cycling performance are observed. An asymmetric supercapacitor with operating potential at 1.6 V is demonstrated using MnCo2O4@MnO2 as cathode and graphene/nickel foam (NF) as anode. The MnCo2O4@MnO2//graphene/NF asymmetric device shows a high energy density of 85.7 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 while maintaining a high energy density of 34.7 Wh kg−1 at 24 kW kg−1. Moreover, the device demonstrates a long‐term cycling stability of 81.6 % retention of its initial specific capacitance.
Organic Nanostructures for Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Kim Jeesu , Park Sungjo , Lee Changho , Kim Jin Young , Kim Chulhong
Published: November 2015

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has gained significant attention over the last two decades as a noninvasive, nonionizing, real‐time, and inexpensive medical imaging modality. By exploiting the low acoustic scattering compared to optical scattering in biological tissues, PAI can achieve high resolution while maintaining superior optical contrast in deep tissues. PAI can probe many endogenous chromophores based on their strong optical absorption contrast, including oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, melanin, water, and lipid. However, these intrinsic absorbers are typically activated by visible (e.g., wavelength 400≤λ≤700 nm) or infrared (λ>1000 nm) light, at which wavelengths light penetration is severely limited. Because the optimal spectral region is the near‐infrared (NIR, 700≤λ≤1000 nm) window for deep‐tissue imaging, additional contrast mechanisms for PAI should be found. So far, various exogenous contrast agents have been developed for this purpose including small monomers, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), organic NPs, etc. For successful and fast clinical translation, the proposed contrast agents must be safe and degradable in vivo, and the organic nanostructures may be good candidates for this purpose. In this article, we review recent progress in developing organic nanoformulations as PAI contrast agents.
The Phenomenology and Generation of Positive Mental Imagery in Early Psychosis
Authors: Laing Jennifer , Morland Tristan , Fornells‐Ambrojo Miriam
Published: November 2015

Background

Theoretical models of depression and bipolar disorder emphasise the importance of positive mental imagery in mood and behaviour. Distressing, intrusive images are common in psychosis; however, little is known about positive imagery experiences or their association with clinical symptoms. The aim of the current study was to examine the phenomenology of positive imagery in early psychosis and the relationship between the characteristics of positive, future‐oriented imagery and symptom severity.

Method

Characteristics, thematic content and appraisals of recent self‐reported images were examined in 31 people with early psychosis. The vividness and perceived likelihood of deliberately generated, future‐oriented images were investigated in relation to clinical symptoms.

Results

Eighty‐four percent of participants reported experiencing a recent positive image. Themes included the achievement of personal goals, spending enjoyable time with peers and family, loving, intimate relationships and escape from current circumstances. The vividness and perceived likelihood of generated prospective imagery were negatively correlated with levels of depression and social anxiety.

Conclusions

The relationship between emotional problems and the ability to imagine positive, future events may have implications for motivation, mood and goal‐directed behaviour in psychosis. Everyday experiences of positive imagery may represent the simulation of future goals, attempts to cope or avoid aversive experiences or idealised fantasy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The majority of participants experienced a recent positive image with themes related to goal attainment and social relationships.

Depression and social anxiety levels were correlated with the vividness of intentionally generated positive future‐oriented images and their perceived likelihood.

The assessment of positive imagery in early psychosis appears warranted and may provide insights regarding individual coping strategies, values and goals.
Enhancing the Performance of Amorphous‐Silicon Photoanodes for Photoelectrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Qin Wei , Wang Nan , Yao Tingting , Wang Shubo , Wang Hui , Cao Yuexian , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Li Can
Published: November 2015

Herein, hydrogenated amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) covered with a thin layer of CoOx is applied as photoanode for PEC water splitting. The thin layer of CoOx effectively protects a‐Si:H from the corrosive electrolyte and quantitative oxidation of water to oxygen was observed. A high applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 2.34 % was achieved using an intrinsic absorber and an additional p‐type layer. This work shows that a‐Si:H with a sandwich‐like structure, in which each layer has its own functionality, can be applied as an efficient and stable photoanode for PEC water oxidation.
Characterization of Quinoxolinol Salen Ligands as Selective Ligands for Chemosensors for Uranium
Authors: DeVore II Michael A. , Kerns Spencer A. , Gorden Anne E. V.
Published: November 2015

Quinoxalinol salen ligands have been characterized as selective ligands for the rapid identification of uranyl. The absorption maximum of ligand 1 presented a hypsochromic (blue) shift with the addition of UO22+ (as the acetate salt), and a bathochromic (red) shift in the presence of Cu2+ or Co2+ acetate salts, resulting in distinct, visible color changes for all three metal ions. The absorption maximum of ligand 2 was not observed to change with the addition of UO22+; however, it does present a bathochromic shift with the addition of Cu2+, and a hypsochromic shift with Co2+ added. Using TDDFT calculations, it was demonstrated that the hypsochromic shift for UO22+ ion complexation with ligand 1 is caused by a ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer, while the bathochromic shift observed with Cu2+ ion addition was caused by a metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer. Finally, it was found that the addition of Cu2+ (as metal salts) to either ligand resulted in rapid, complete quenching of the ligand fluorescence.
A free surface flow solver for complex three‐dimensional water impact problems based on the VOF method
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Tu , Park Warn‐Gyu
Published: November 2015

A three‐dimensional numerical model is developed to analyze free surface flows and water impact problems. The flow of an incompressible viscous fluid is solved using the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations. Pseudo‐time derivatives are introduced into the equations to improve computational efficiency. The interface between the two phases is tracked using a volume‐of‐fluid interface tracking algorithm developed in a generalized curvilinear coordinate system. The accuracy of the volume‐of‐fluid method is first evaluated by the multiple numerical benchmark tests, including two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional deformation cases on curvilinear grids. The performance and capability of the numerical model for water impact problems are demonstrated by simulations of water entries of the free‐falling hemisphere and cone, based on comparisons of water impact loadings, velocities, and penetrations of the body with experimental data. For further validation, computations of the dam‐break flows are presented, based on an analysis of the wave front propagation, water level, and the dynamic pressure impact of the waves on the downstream walls, on a specific container, and on a tall structure. Extensive comparisons between the obtained solutions, the experimental data, and the results of other numerical simulations in the literature are presented and show a good agreement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and preliminary validation of an Observation List for detecting mental disorders and social Problems in the elderly in primary and home care (OLP)
Authors: Tak Erwin C. P. M. , van Hespen Ariëtte T. H. , Verhaak Peter F. M. , Eekhof Just , Hopman‐Rock Marijke
Published: November 2015

Objective

Even though the prevalence of mental disorders and social problems is high among elderly patients, it is difficult to detect these in a primary (home) care setting. Goal was the development and preliminary validation of a short observation list to detect six problem areas: anxiety, depression, cognition, suspicion, loneliness, and somatisation.

Methods

A draft list of indicators identified from a short review of the literature and the opinions of 22 experts was evaluated by general practitioners (GPs) and home care organisations for feasibility. It was then used by GPs and home care personnel to observe patients, who also completed validated tests for psychological disorders (General Health Questionnaire 12 item version (GHQ‐12)), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale 15‐item version (GDS‐15)), anxiety and suspicion (Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90)), loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)), somatisation (Illness Attitude Scale (IAS)), and cognition (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE)).

Results

GPs and home care personnel observed 180 patients (mean age 78.4 years; 66% female) and evaluated the draft list during a regular visit. Cronbach's α was 0.87 for the draft list and ≥0.80 for the draft problem areas (loneliness and suspicion excepted). Principal component analysis identified six components (cognition, depression + loneliness, somatisation, anxiety + suspicion, depression (other signs), and an ambiguous component). Convergent validity was shown for the indicators list as a whole (using the GHQ‐12), and the subscales of depression, anxiety, loneliness, cognition, and somatisation. Using pre‐set agreed criteria, the list was reduced to 14 final indicators divided over five problem areas.

Conclusion

The Observation List for mental disorders and social Problems (OLP) proved to be preliminarily valid, reliable, and feasible for use in primary and home care settings. Copyright © John Wliey & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro model for gastroduodenal reflux–induced nuclear factor‐kappaB activation and its role in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Issaeva Natalia , Vageli Dimitra P.
Published: November 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether gastroduodenal reflux can play a role in the pathogenesis of hypopharyngeal cancer; therefore, we assessed its effect on the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, as similarly noted in the esophagus.

Methods

We exposed human cells derived from the hypopharyngeal epithelium to bile acids or deoxycholic acid. We centered our study on the transcriptional activation of NF‐κB pathway, previously linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Results

We show that acidic‐bile salts induce: (1) NF‐κB activation with high cytoplasmic Bcl‐2 expression; (2) significant increase in expression v‐rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA(p65)), v‐rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (c‐REL) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), isoform of transformation related protein p63 (ΔNp63), B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and wingless type MMTV integration site family member 5A (WNT5A) and a decrease in tumor protein p53 (Tp53); and (3) phenotypic changes that are similar to the phenotype of the untreated hypopharyngeal cancer cell line, University of Michigan squamous cell carcinoma (UMSCC)‐11B. These changes are not seen when cells were exposed to neutral control or acid alone.

Conclusion

Our findings in vitro are consistent with the hypothesis that gastroduodenal reflux plays a role in hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis and its effect is mediated through activation of NF‐κB pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1381–E1391, 2016
Disease‐free survival after salvage therapy for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Joseph Andrew W. , Guo Theresa , Hur Kevin , Xie Yanjun , Yin Linda , Califano Joseph A. , Ha Patrick K. , Quon Harry , Richmon Jeremy D. , Eisele David W. , Agrawal Nishant , Fakhry Carole
Published: November 2015

Background

Factors associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) after salvage therapy for recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV) are poorly understood.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients with recurrent oropharyngeal SCC with known HPV tumor status who received salvage therapy.

Results

Eighty‐six patients were eligible for analysis. Sixty‐four patients (74%) were HPV‐positive. In multivariable analysis, HPV‐positive tumor status (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.71; p = .007), clinical response to any salvage therapy (HR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.11–0.77; p = .01), and surgical salvage (HR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.16–0.88; p = .02) were associated with improved overall survival (OS). Positive surgical margin was associated with worse DFS after salvage (HR = 8.43; 95% CI = 1.99–35.70; p = .004).

Conclusion

For recurrent oropharyngeal SCC, HPV‐positive tumor status, surgical salvage, and clinical response to salvage therapy are independently associated with improved OS, but not DFS after salvage. Surgical margin is the only independent predictor of DFS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1501–E1509, 2016
Evaluation of thyroid isthmusectomy as a potential treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma limited to the isthmus: A clinical study of 73 patients
Authors: Wang Jianbiao , Sun Haili , Gao Li , Xie Lei , Cai Xiujun
Published: November 2015

Background

There are no specific therapeutic guidelines for thyroid cancers confined to the isthmus. To determine whether isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can be treated with thyroid isthmusectomy and limited neck dissection, we analyzed factors related to central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in patients with clinically node‐negative (cN0), solitary, isthmic PTC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 73 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for solitary isthmic, PTC. The frequency, pattern, and risk factors of CLN metastasis were analyzed.

Results

Occult CLN metastasis and paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) metastasis were detected in 34 patients (46.6%) and 28 patients (38.4%), respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex and tumor size >0.7 cm were associated with CLN metastasis, and age ≤38 years, tumor size >0.6 cm, and pretracheal lymph node positivity were associated with PTLN metastasis.

Conclusion

Thyroid isthmusectomy for solitary isthmic PTC may be insufficient in patients with tumors >0.6 cm, those aged ≤38 years, and male patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1510–E1514, 2016
Fruit and vegetable intakes and risk of colorectal cancer and incident and recurrent adenomas in the PLCO cancer screening trial
Authors: Kunzmann Andrew T. , Coleman Helen G. , Huang Wen‐Yi. , Cantwell Marie M. , Kitahara Cari M. , Berndt Sonja I.
Published: November 2015

The roles of fruits and vegetables in colorectal cancer development are unclear. Few prospective studies have assessed the association with adenoma, a known precursor to colorectal cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and colorectal cancer development by evaluating the risk of incident and recurrent colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. Study participants were identified from the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Fruit and vegetable intake was measured using a self‐reported dietary questionnaire. Total fruit and vegetable intake was not associated with reduced incident or recurrent adenoma risk overall, but a protective association was observed for multiple adenomas (Odds ratio 3rd tertile vs. 1st tertile = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38, 1.00). Higher fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with a borderline reduced risk of colorectal cancer (Hazard ratio (HR) 3rd tertile vs. 1st tertile = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.01), which reached significance amongst individuals with high processed meat intakes (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99). Our results suggest that increased fruit and vegetable intake may protect against multiple adenoma development and may reduce the detrimental effects of high processed meat intakes on colorectal cancer risk.
Constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cells: A review
Authors: Banerjee Kasturi , Resat Haluk
Published: November 2015

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in numerous cancer types, including more than 40% of breast cancers. In contrast to tight regulation of STAT3 as a latent transcription factor in normal cells, its signaling in breast cancer oncogenesis is multifaceted. Signaling through the IL‐6/JAK/STAT3 pathway initiated by the binding of IL‐6 family of cytokines (i.e., IL‐6 and IL‐11) to their receptors have been implicated in breast cancer development. Receptors with intrinsic kinase activity such as EGFR and VEGFR directly or indirectly induce STAT3 activation in various breast cancer types. Aberrant STAT3 signaling promotes breast tumor progression through deregulation of the expression of downstream target genes which control proliferation (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, Survivin, Cyclin D1, c‐Myc and Mcl‐1), angiogenesis (Hif1α and VEGF) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (Vimentin, TWIST, MMP‐9 and MMP‐7). These multiple modes of STAT3 regulation therefore make it a central linking point for a multitude of signaling processes. Extensive efforts to target STAT3 activation in breast cancer had no remarkable success in the past because the highly interconnected nature of STAT3 signaling introduces lack of selectivity in pathway identification for STAT3 targeted molecular therapies or because its role in tumorigenesis may not be as critical as it was thought. This review provides a full spectrum of STAT3's involvement in breast cancer by consolidating the knowledge about its role in breast cancer development at multiple levels: its differential regulation by different receptor signaling pathways, its downstream target genes, and modification of its transcriptional activity by its coregulatory transcription factors.
Solution X‐ray Scattering Form‐Factors with Arbitrary Electron Density Profiles and Polydispersity Distributions
Authors: Ben‐Nun Tal , Asor Roi , Ginsburg Avi , Raviv Uri
Published: November 2015

We present a method to calculate solution X‐ray scattering form‐factors of various geometries with generalized electron density and polydispersity profiles. We create arbitrary and physically relevant electron density profiles using a set of smooth hyperbolic tangent functions. To numerically calculate arbitrary electron density profiles, we formulate an algorithm that adaptively transforms the functions to a series of uniform discrete steps. We solve the models both numerically and analytically for the case of multiple spherical shells and compare the results to show the consistency of the algorithm. Other geometries are solved numerically. Various form‐factors are analysed and compared with earlier results. We then compare polydispersity probability density functions (uniform, normal, and Cauchy distributions) of concentric hollow cylinder thicknesses. The relationship of the shape of arbitrary electron density profiles to the features of the scattering form‐factor is discussed.
Semi‐automated quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion analysis and its implementation in breast diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Dijkstra Hildebrand , Dorrius Monique D. , Wielema Mirjam , Jaspers Karolien , Pijnappel Ruud M. , Oudkerk Matthijs , Sijens Paul E.
Published: November 2015

Background

To optimize and validate intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeled diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for semi‐automated analysis of breast lesions using a multi‐reader setup.

Materials and Methods

Patients (n = 176) with breast lesions (≥1 cm) and known pathology were prospectively examined (1.5 Tesla) with DWI (b = 0, 50, 200, 500, 800, 1000 s/mm2) between November 2008 and July 2014 and grouped into a training and test set. Three independent readers applied a semi‐automated procedure for setting regions‐of‐interest for each lesion and recorded ADC and IVIM parameters: molecular diffusion (Dslow), microperfusion (Dfast), and the fraction of Dfast (ffast). In the training set (24 lesions, 12 benign), a semi‐automated method was optimized to yield maximum true negatives (TN) with minimal false negatives (FN): only the optimal fraction (Fo) of voxels in the lesions was used and optimal thresholds were determined. The optimal Fo and thresholds were then applied to a consecutive test set (139 lesions, 23 benign) to obtain specificity and sensitivity.

Results

In the training set, optimal thresholds were 1.44 × 10−3 mm2/s (Dslow), 18.55 × 10−3 mm2/s (Dfast), 0.247 (ffast) and 2.00 × 10−3 mm2/s (ADC) with Fo set to 0.61, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively, this resulted in TN = 5 (IVIM) and TN = 1 (ADC), with FN = 0. In the test set, sensitivity and specificity among the readers were 90.5–93.1% and 43.5–52.2%, respectively, for IVIM, and 94.8–95.7% and 13.0–21.7% for ADC (P ≤ 0.0034) without inter‐reader differences (P = 1.000).

Conclusion

The presented semi‐automated method for breast lesion evaluation is reader independent and yields significantly higher specificity for IVIM compared with the ADC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1122–1131.
The vastus lateralis free flap for lower extremity gustilo grade III reconstruction
Authors: Kaminsky Alexander J. , Li Sean S. , Copeland‐Halperin Libby R. , Miraliakbari Reza
Published: November 2015

Background

Orthopedic trauma patients with Gustilo grade III injuries to the distal third of lower extremity present challenges to optimum reconstructive management. There is no consensus on the ideal autologous tissue for transfer in large lower extremity defect reconstruction. We present a large case series utilizing the vastus lateralis (VL) free flap for lower extremity Gustilo grade III reconstruction.

Patients and Methods

This is a case series of patients who underwent VL free tissue transfer for Gustilo grade III injuries. A total of 38 free tissue transfers were performed for lower extremity reconstruction, 19 of which were VL flaps. Mean interval between injury and reconstruction was 46 days (range 7‐240 days).

Results

The mean wound size was 11.37 cm x 11.42 cm and all cases underwent delayed reconstruction. Seven day flap viability was 100% and 30‐day flap viability was 17/19 (89%). There were six complications: two hematomas requiring drainage, one flap dehiscence, one distal flap loss requiring a reverse saphenous vein graft extension, and two complete flap losses. Of the two failed flaps, one was attributed to heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and the other to venous congestion complicated by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Conclusions

The VL free flap is a reliable and versatile flap that can be tailored and tangentially thinned to match the shape and size of a defect, and the long pedicle allows the surgeon to stay away from the zone of injury. This flap should be strongly considered for lower extremity reconstruction, especially in salvage operations for large defects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:212–217, 2017.
3D Ductile crack propagation with the XFEM
Authors: Beese Steffen , Loehnert Stefan , Wriggers Peter
Published: November 2015

Ductile fracture is of high interest for industrial Manufacturing. Here we attempt to model this material degradation with a combined approach of non‐local continuum damage mechanics and discrete fracture mechanics using the eXtended Finite Element Method. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on photocrosslinking and flame‐retardant properties of chalcone‐based polyacrylamides
Authors: Mani Boopathy , Kathavarayan Subramanian
Published: November 2015

A photocrosslinkable polycyclic chalcone‐based acrylamide has been synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction and then polymerized via free radical polymerization technique using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The resulting polymers have been characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR analytic techniques. The molecular weights of the polymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The thermal properties of synthesized polymers were characterized by TGA analysis, and the obtained results show good thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability which is required for a negative photo resist. The high flame‐retardant properties are calculated from limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and are found to be 36.9 and 32.0 for naphthyl and anthryl chalcone‐based polymers, respectively. The experimentally determined LOI values of polymers (PMNPA and PAPA) are 34.3 and 30.2, respectively, and the values are closer to theoretically found LOI values. However, the cone calorimetry of flame‐retardant PMNPA only showed a slight decrease in peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) compared to PAPA but the ignition time (TTI) of PMNPA is slightly higher than PAPA. The photocrosslinking properties of the polymers were investigated by UV spectroscopy technique and were found that with the increase in number of aromatic rings, the rate of crosslinking decreases. Thus polyacrylamides are useful in photolithography technology as well as flame‐retardant property in electrical appliances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surface chemistry of graphene and its content on the properties of ethylene dichloride‐ and disodium tetrasulfide‐based polysulfide polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Kariminejad Bahareh , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Noparvar‐Qarebagh Akbar
Published: November 2015

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared via Hummers' method and reduced by hydrazine monohydrate to obtain rGO. GO and rGO nanosheets with different contents were used in in situ interfacial polymerization of 1,2‐dichloromethane (EDC) and disodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4). The success of oxidation and reduction of nanosheets were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) was used to determine the molecular weights of polymers. Also, dispersion of nanosheets in polymeric matrix was studied by XRD and thermal stability and thermophysical properties of nanocomposites were investigated by TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that incorporation of nanosheets leads to lower molecular weight of matrix polymer whereas reduced nanosheets were dispersed more appropriately in matrix. According to TGA results, dispersion of nanosheets and molecular weight of the matrix are prominent factors in thermal stability of nanocomposites. Also, all samples showed glass transition temperature (Tg) less than 0°C, a cold crystallization temperature (Tcc), and subsequent melting (Tm) affected by loading content of nanosheets. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E515–E524, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prenatal triptan exposure and parent‐reported early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes: an application of propensity score calibration to adjust for unmeasured confounding by migraine severity
Authors: Wood Mollie E. , Frazier Jean A. , Nordeng Hedvig M. E. , Lapane Kate L.
Published: November 2015

Purpose

Triptan medications are serotonin agonists used to treat migraine, a chronic pain condition highly prevalent in women of reproductive age. Data on the safety of triptans during pregnancy are scant. We sought to quantify the association of prenatal triptan exposure on neurodevelopment in 3‐year‐old children.

Methods

Using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, we used propensity score matching to examine associations between prenatal triptan exposure and psychomotor function, communication, and temperament. We used an external validation study to perform propensity calibration to adjust effect estimates for confounders unmeasured in the main study (migraine severity, type, and maternal attitudes towards medication use).

Results

We identified 4204 women who reported migraine headache at baseline, of which 375 (8.9%) reported using a triptan greater than or equal to once during pregnancy. Children with prenatal triptan exposure had 1.37‐fold greater unadjusted odds of fine motor problems (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.77), which decreased after propensity score matching (odds ratio (OR): 1.29, 95%CI 0.97–1.73) and was further attenuated after calibration (OR: 1.25, 95%CI 0.89–1.74). We observed no increased risk for gross motor or communication problems, and no differences in temperament. Adjustment for migraine severity using propensity score calibration had a moderate impact on effect estimates, with percent changes ranging from 2.4% to 50%.

Conclusions

Prenatal triptan exposure was not associated with psychomotor function, communication problems, or temperament in 3‐year‐old children. Adjustment for migraine severity reduced effect estimates and should be considered in future studies of the safety of triptans during pregnancy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediation of improvements in sun protective and skin self‐examination behaviours: results from the healthy text study
Authors: Baker Jannah , Finch Linda , Soyer H. Peter , Marshall Alison L. , Baade Peter , Youl Philippa , Janda Monika
Published: November 2015

Objective

Melanoma is on the rise, especially in Caucasian populations exposed to high ultraviolet radiation such as in Australia. This paper examined the psychological components facilitating change in skin cancer prevention or early detection behaviours following a text message intervention.

Methods

The Queensland‐based participants were 18 to 42 years old, from the Healthy Text study (N = 546). Overall, 512 (94%) participants completed the 12‐month follow‐up questionnaires. Following the social cognitive model, potential mediators of skin self‐examination (SSE) and sun protection behaviour change were examined using stepwise logistic regression models.

Results

At 12‐month follow‐up, odds of performing an SSE in the past 12 months were mediated by baseline confidence in finding time to check skin (an outcome expectation), with a change in odds ratio of 11.9% in the SSE group versus the control group when including the mediator. Odds of greater than average sun protective habits index at 12‐month follow‐up were mediated by (a) an attempt to get a suntan at baseline (an outcome expectation) and (b) baseline sun protective habits index, with a change in odds ratio of 10.0% and 11.8%, respectively in the SSE group versus the control group.

Conclusions

Few of the suspected mediation pathways were confirmed with the exception of outcome expectations and past behaviours. Future intervention programmes could use alternative theoretical models to elucidate how improvements in health behaviours can optimally be facilitated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable integration and expression of a cry1Ia gene conferring resistance to fall armyworm and boll weevil in cotton plants
Authors: Silva Carliane RC , Monnerat Rose , Lima Liziane M , Martins Érica S , Melo Filho Péricles A , Pinheiro Morganna PN , Santos Roseane C
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. Effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. The current genetically modified Bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. This work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using molecular tools.

RESULTS

Four Brazilian cotton cultivars were microinjected with a minimal linear cassette generating 1248 putative lines. Complete gene integration was found in only one line (T0‐34) containing one copy of cry1Ia detected by Southern blot. Protein was expressed in high concentration at 45 days after emergence (dae), decreasing by approximately 50% at 90 dae. Toxicity of the cry protein was demonstrated in feeding bioassays revealing 56.7% mortality to boll weevil fed buds and 88.1% mortality to fall armyworm fed leaves. A binding of cry1Ia antibody was found in the midgut of boll weevils fed on T0‐34 buds in an immunodetection assay.

CONCLUSION

The gene introduced into plants confers resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm. Transmission of the transgene occurred normally to T1 progeny. All plants showed phenotypically normal growth, with fertile flowers and abundant seeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry