bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The issue of dynamic optimization of a group of continuous production plants
Authors: Khakimov R A , Novikov A A
Published: January 2020

The article describes the problem of minimizing the consumption of olefins feed, provided that the plan for the production of alkylate for the alkylation process is fulfilled. The basic principles and approaches to the solution of this problem are considered. As a practical application, the method based on interaction with predictive models was chosen. Matlab was used as the environment for development. Mathematical models describing the dynamics of the alkylation process were obtained. The models have high accuracy and can be used to solve the problem of dynamic optimization. A numerical experiment was carried out; the results of the solution were compared with the real historical data of the process and confirmed the efficiency of this solution.
Distributed approach for optimization problems
Authors: Zaporozhets D , Zaruba D
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with a distributed approach for optimization problems based on the use of bioinspired algorithms. This class of algorithms allows us to split solutions into independent subsets and process it in separate streams. One of the main problems is a decomposition and subsequent convolution of the solution. The problem becomes more complex in those cases when several decomposition levels are required. From the point of view of computing power, the simultaneous processing of parallel threads requires significant CPU time and RAM resources. In this regard, the use of several compute nodes that interact via network interfaces contributes to an increase in computational resources and an enhance fault tolerance of the system. The paper proposes the distributed subsystem for NP-complete optimization problems solving, which allows to split a set of input data into subsets in an automated mode, distribute subtasks between computational nodes, and collect the results to solve the original problem. To confirm the system performance, a software implementation was developed in the Java and the message broker RabbitMQ to ensure the interaction of software agents with each other. A series of experiments were carried out, in which studies were conducted with several simultaneously running tasks and agents.
Integrated algorithm for elements placement on the printed circuit board
Authors: Kureichik V , Kuliev E , Kureichik V
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses one of the priority design problem – the placement of elements on the printed circuit board (PCB). It relates to the NP-hard class of discrete optimization problems. The paper describes the placement problem and provides its formal statement. A complex criterion considers critical connections and total length of connections. The connection graph is selected to simulate the placement problem. To respond effectively to the challenge, there is proposed a heuristic for isolating the connected fragments of the graph model as building blocks. The developed integrated algorithm based on genetic, evolutionary and ant search strategies is organized hierarchically. This algorithm obtains quasi-optimal solutions in polynomial time, as well as parallelize the search process and partially eliminate the preliminary convergence problem. In order to conduct experiments, a software realization of the integrated algorithm has been developed. A series of tests and experiments clarify theoretical estimates of the time complexity and behavior of the developed algorithm for various structures of schemes. The time complexity has been represented by O(nlogn) at the best case and O(n3) in the worst case.
Earliest arrival dynamic flow model for emergency evacuation in fuzzy conditions
Authors: Gerasimenko E , Rozenberg I
Published: January 2020

Tasks of emergency evacuation planning on dynamic networks in fuzzy conditions are becoming ubiquitous because of the imprecise time-dependent nature and arguments of network. Underlying basis for evacuation tasks are different types of flow algorithms. The paper aims to present the urgent problem of artificial intelligence, namely, the development of a method for finding the optimal evacuation plan in a transportation network in fuzzy conditions as the universal flow problem. The proposed method consists in transporting the maximum number of aggrieved in each time interval based on finding the maximum flow of the earliest arrival in a fuzzy dynamic transportation network. The process of flow conveying is implemented on the network with time-dependent parameters. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a method operating arc capacities and traversal times that can vary depending on the flow departure time and are represented in a fuzzy form. Technique of blurring fuzzy numbers is represented to facilitate calculations. A case-study in the area of Bolshoi Theatre Moscow, Russia and surroundings is conducted to illustrate proposed algorithm. Experiments on the designed network were conducted to check resistance of the network to topology changes.
Determining the public transport demand by validation data of the electronic tickets
Authors: Fadeev A , Alhusseini S
Published: January 2020

Annotation

Currently, the definition of transport demand is relevant and not fully solved problem. Existing methods of transport demand calculating provide for on-site examination of passenger flows, which requires a lot of time and resources. Indirect methods of studying transport demand, based on the collection, integration and analysis of large and heterogeneous data generated by various sources in the spaces of human activity: mobile phones, vehicles, etc. (Urban computing [10], Big data [11, 12], internet of things, IoT) represent a special perspective. The article considers a method to determine the transport demand according to the results of the electronic tickets validation (electronic travel tickets): formulated the problem of determining the traffic demand according to system of accounting for electronic tickets and the system of satellite automobile transport monitoring (Global navigation Satellite System), the principle of its decision, the issues of obtained results adequacy.
On acceleration of the k-ary GCD Algorithm
Authors: Amer Ismail
Published: January 2020

In our paper we analyze a method of acceleration of the k-ary Algorithm of finding the greatest common divisor for long natural numbers. The k-ary GCD algorithm was invented in 1990 by J. Sorenson. We show that a small modification of Sorenson’s Algorithm gives a sufficient acceleration of its work. This is useful for applications using the GCD operation like calculations in finite fields, generation of Cryptography keys etc.
Formation of initial data when planning for custom manufacturing
Authors: Noskova E E , Kapulin D V , Vinnichenko M V , Russkikh P A
Published: January 2020

The formulation of the problem of production planning for custom small-scale electronic production is considered. In order to increase the efficiency of solving automation planning problems, an approach has been developed to generate optimal initial data for planning, taking into account their dimensionality. An improvement in the execution time of production plans at the first stage of manufacturing an order by an average of 5-10% is shown.
Video traffic estimation algorithm
Authors: Soroka E O , Obedin A V , Karaseva M V , Bartenev V A , Zeitler A V
Published: January 2020

The paper investigates the evaluating task of the traffic as the registered number of vehicles of one of the three classes (a bus, passenger car or truck) that passed in a certain direction per unit of time, according to data from CCTV cameras in real time. For simplification this problem solving was divided into three components. They are registration of traffic flow objects and their classification, finding trajectories of fixed objects and determining traffic lanes, as well as counting objects in each direction. A comparative analysis of the existing algorithms, software and hardware systems that solve problems similar to the problems was carried out; also, a proprietary approach was proposed. The analysis describes the feasibility for developing their own approach due to the lack of an algorithm that meets all the requirements, such as estimating the traffic on the basis of data from surveillance cameras. Besides, the existing hardware and software systems are of the high cost and complexity. The YOLO artificial neural network was used to recognize objects on the frame in the form of rectangles containing the image of a vehicle. To build tracks, objects are compared frame-by-frame based on a set of characteristics, including a simple (average) perceptual hash and the coordinates of the corresponding rectangle. The developed algorithm for constructing trajectories of moving traffic objects, highlighting lanes of automobile traffic and counting vehicles is proposed as a software module. The testing results concerning the quality of the algorithm are introduced. The main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach are highlighted.
Methodology for assessing the competitiveness of space services
Authors: Yudin A V , Grosheva P Yu
Published: January 2020

The main components of the competitiveness of space services are their price and quality, as well as the ratio of these parameters. These indicators are determined by the values of technical and economic parameters of the service. The competitiveness of a space service refers to its ability to meet the requirements of a particular consumer in a given market and period of time in terms of quality and consumer costs for the acquisition and operation (or consumption) of this service. In order to increase the competitiveness of space services and their commercialization in the domestic and international markets, it is necessary to have an objective assessment of their competitiveness and ability to solve economic problems with a high accuracy. The article contains developed methodology for assessing the competitiveness of space services that used to solve specific economic problems in the interests of various sectors of the economy. Based on the assessment of the competitiveness of space services aimed at solving sectoral economic problems, the growth trends of economic sectors can be identified, and economic growth scenarios due to the emergence of highly competitive space services can be formed, replacing traditional methods of solving problems.
Methods and formal models of intelligent analysis of weakly structured data
Authors: Rabin A V , Petrushevskaya A A , Sinitsin O V
Published: January 2020

The article presents a formal presentation of four ontologies of knowledge bases of the software environment: ontology of a problem area, linguistic ontology, ontology of precedents, ontology of rules for analyzing texts in natural language. When developing the knowledge base of the software environment, it is necessary to formulate requirements for the model of knowledge representation, the ontology. The development of a unified environment for semantic analysis of flows of weakly structured information that implements modern intelligent algorithms for processing text information will greatly facilitate the decision-making process by a specialist in the time constraint mode, due to the possibility of using a single unified bank of expert knowledge in the work of the question-answer system, and will also allow an automated semantic verification of information flows in order to provide information ion safety organization.
An implementation of artificial neural networks into behavioral analysis system
Authors: Anashkin E V , Zhukova M N
Published: January 2020

The paper describes the architecture of the behavioural analysis system in development. This system is directed to inner threat countering in computer systems through user behaviour analysis. A part of system’s working algorithms is additionally presented together with the architecture. Also, next question is being decided - possibility of applying artificial neural networks for detection behavioural deviations instead comparing of statistical parameters.
DNA-based image encryption algorithm
Authors: Gasimov V A , Mammadov J I
Published: January 2020

The development of a new image encryption algorithm using real structures of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules is considered. In the proposed algorithm, the encryption process is performed by confusing and rearranging the pixels of the image based on the coordinates of the chaotic points obtained by the chaos game of DNA symbols, the sequence of DNA symbols, and the encoding rule. The selection of a specific DNA sequence from the Databank and the determination of the encoding rule for DNA symbols is based on the secret key.
Cognitive decoding of redundant block codes in the system of processing and protection of biometric data of air passengers
Authors: Gladkikh A A , Volkov Al K , Volkov An K , Il’in V M , Kozlov D A
Published: January 2020

The article proposes a unified principle of permutation decoding (PD), which applies to redundant systematic block codes. This method allows using correction capabilities of such codes, but in the classical interpretation, the method requires cumbersome matrix calculations, which does not allow using the positive properties of the error correction method. The computing process is excessively complex. Therefore, to reduce the negative effect in the PD system, it is proposed to use the cognitive principle of data processing at the channel level, which significantly reduces the decoder complexity and ensures PD application in the air passenger biometric data systems.
Method and results of laboratory tests of the device for application of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Shamin A E , Gerasimov A R , Igoshin D N
Published: January 2020

The process of application of mineral fertilizers with simultaneous sowing of sugar beet seeds should ensure timely feeding of root vegetables with nutrients, at the same time creating a favorable zone for comfortable development of the fetus root system. The method of planning research of tight sealing body consists in selecting of certain number of experimental tests to solve the task. However, the number of tests received should be minimal, with the maximum quality of the final result, in order to analyze the obtained data and to report these results in the graphs.
Features of fatigue processes occurring in restored welded joints of offshore fixed platforms
Authors: Starokon I V
Published: January 2020

There are significant offshore oil and gas resources on offshore and ocean shelfs in Russia, which are developed using offshore fixed platforms. These platforms work in adverse conditions and are subjected to extensive structural deterioration characterized by enormous stress from environmental, which leads to problems when extending the life of offshore platforms, and in particular to assessing the life of repaired welded joints of platforms. Currently, there is insufficient information about the resource of a repaired connection differs from a new one or not. Based on the conducted experimental studies, the author discovered the location of points in the restored welded joint, for which there is the greatest risk of cracking. The causes of cracks in the restored welded joint are combinations of unfavorable factors: the presence of a stress concentration zone, the presence of a heat-affected zone with reduced ductility characteristics and the effect of high residual stresses.
Study of technological modes of formaldehyde-containing solid waste pyrolysis
Authors: Rasstegaev A N , Tarantseva K R , Golubovskiy V V , Tchufistov O E
Published: January 2020

The technological modes of medium-temperature non-oxidative pyrolysis of formaldehyde-containing solid waste are studied, using the example of particle boards waste. During the study, the moisture content of formaldehyde-containing waste of particle boards and the preheating temperature of the pyrolysis chamber varied in intervals of 5…35 % and 400…700 °C respectively. It is established that the most rational value of the preheating temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is in the interval of 550…600 °C. It was found that temperatures more 600 °C do not lead to a significant decrease in the duration of the pyrolysis process of formaldehyde-containing waste of particle boards, and temperatures less 550 °C lead to a significant increase in the duration of the pyrolysis process. It is shown that the moisture content of the waste of particle boards has a great influence on the duration of the pyrolysis process, when the waste moisture content is more than 15%, the total pyrolysis process time is significantly increased.
The analysis of work of presses continuous action when processing wood
Authors: Sergeevichev Alexander , Sergeevichev Vladimir , Sokolova Viktoriia , Markov Viktor , Kretinin Viktor
Published: January 2020

In case of application of smooth hold-back rolls from wood laminated plastics and a compregnated wood which elastic modules are close to an elastic modulus of the wood given by rollers, deformations of the roller and wood can be determined by the given formulas. Deformations are arcwise connected with loadings and gradually increase with their increase
Modeling the dynamic characteristics of a high voltage asynchronous electric motor
Authors: Ryumin Evgeny V , Enikeeva Elza R
Published: January 2020

Mathematical models of the individual modules of the complex electrical load node are considered. A review of the well-known method of calculating the dynamic characteristics of the asynchronous motor (AM) supplemented with new analytical dependencies allowed us to explore the process of its launch with compensating devices in different voltage values in the power networks for supply and distribution. The analysis of the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamic characteristics and electromagnetic compatibility of the asynchronous motors of the extruder large unit capacity of 5.7 MW in steady and transient conditions with other power consumers considered node load.
Some features of the physicochemical properties of structural materials used in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry
Authors: Medvedeva N N , Kiprin D V , Samotesov P A , Salmin V V , Marugina T L
Published: January 2020

The study of modern basic materials used in orthopedic dentistry has been carried out. The basic physicochemical properties of the base materials, the characteristics of the materials, the features of the influence of the base materials on the tissue of the prosthetic field have been considered.
CFD modeling of aerosol flow through a granular filter with porous granules
Authors: Soloveva O V , Khusainov R R , Yafizov R R
Published: January 2020

In this work, we made a comparative calculation of a granular filter with different shapes of the granules. We created granular filter models with solid and porous granules. The diameter of the granules was 5 mm, and the porosity was ε = 0,8. A comparison was made on the deposition efficiency, pressure drop, porosity, and filter quality parameter. We have found that for a filter with porous granules, the particle deposition efficiency is slightly lower than for a filter with solid granules. However, the pressure drop is an order of magnitude higher for a filter with solid granules, which ensures the maximum value of the filter quality.
Features of physical and mechanical properties of materials used in orthopedic rehabilitation of patients
Authors: Medvedeva N N , Kiprin D V , Levenets A A , Salmin V V , Gorbunov N S
Published: January 2020

Basic materials have been studied. Types of applied basic materials, readings for application are considered. In a comparative aspect, their physical and mechanical properties are considered, and features arising in the manufacture of dental prostheses are indicated.
Investigation of the efficient thickness of the porous filter based on the quality parameter
Authors: Soloveva O V
Published: January 2020

In this work, we conducted a study to identify the effective thickness of the porous filter. Initial models of porous structures with cell diameters of 6 mm and 4 mm and a thickness of 10 mm to 110 mm with a porosity of 0.7 were created. We compared porous structures with each other in terms of efficiency, pressure drop, and filter quality factor. It was found that the particle deposition efficiency and the filter quality factor practically do not change when the thickness of the filter medium is 90 mm for the case with a 6 mm cell diameter and 70 mm for the case of 4 mm cell diameter. Also, if we take the results at which the efficiency is quite high, then we can use porous structures with a thickness of 50 mm in the case of a 6 mm cell diameter and 20 mm in the case of a 4 mm cell diameter.
Influence of alcohol-fuel emulsions on effective indicators of the diesel depending on change of a corner of injection of fuel
Authors: Chuvashev A N , Chuprakov A I , Anfilatov A A
Published: January 2020

Today in our country and around the world much attention is paid to the environmental situation. Road transport plays a significant role in environmental pollution, especially air pollution. One of the most effective ways to reduce exhaust emissions is the use of alternative fuels, including those produced from renewable raw materials. Such fuels are methyl and ethyl alcohols, as well as emulsions based on them. The use of these fuels in spark-ignition engines has been used for a long time and has shown its effectiveness. At the same time, the question of the use of the above fuels in automobile and tractor diesels has not been studied. In addition to reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases at work of engines on alternative fuels, noted by most researchers, there is a need to further explore effective and economical indicators of the combustion process. The article presents a comparative analysis of the use of diesel fuel emulsions with methanol and ethanol and concludes on the effectiveness of the use of alcohols as an additive to diesel fuel.
Recycling of glass fibers sheets from thermoset reinforced plastic using thermolysis method
Authors: Protsenko A E , Pimenova ED , Petrov VV
Published: January 2020

This article presents research data on the process of recycling fiberglass reinforcing fillers from polymer composite materials. The analysis of the thermal stability of the polymer matrix is carried out. In this work, the thermolysis of fiberglass reinforced plastic based on E-glass and the epoxy vinyl ester binder was carried out at 400 °C. The influence of thermolysis time on the strength of composite materials based on regenerated reinforcing glass filler was studied. The PCM sample made of the filler obtained by 30-minute treatment at 400 °C and cooled in water withstands the bending load by 1.6 % lower than that of the primary material.
Methods for assessing the impact of the energy fields of implantable wireless charging device and biotelemetric system on experimental animals
Authors: Rabin A V , Petrushevskaya A A
Published: January 2020

The article describes the influence of electromagnetic fields during testing on experimental animals (rats) of a developed experimental prototype of a device for providing wireless charging of implant batteries. The invention relates to medical implantable devices that receive transdermal energy transfer and is aimed at solving the problem of optimizing this type of energy transfer. A magnetic field of any origin affects individual organs and the biological organism as a whole. The article presents the main indicators affecting biological objects, namely: the relative magnetic permeability of the environment, the magnitude of the wave, the power that is distributed in the dielectric material with losses, the penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave and the magnitude of the wave resistance. The integration scheme of prototypes of a wireless charger and an implantable biotelemetric system is considered. The testing of the performance of a wireless charger while integrating with an implantable biotelemetric system is considered in details. The test results confirmed the compliance of these parameters with theoretical ratios and the requirements of technical specifications.
The trend for environmental engineering in agribusiness: leaders and prospects
Authors: Savchenko Y Y , Goleva O G , Korchagina I A , Ovsyannikova A V
Published: January 2020

The article discusses global shifts in the global agricultural development market, as well as in Russia. One of the main conditions for the development of agribusiness at the present stage is the formation of an effective innovation environment. The main negative trends in the development of agribusiness in Russia are revealed. A low level of technologicalization and digitalization of agriculture is noted. The main priority areas for taking measures to protect and strengthen the development of agribusiness have been identified. Among which are considered the main components of the concept of environmental engineering of agribusiness. The paper analyzes the data on the production of organic products in Russia and the countries of the world. Examples of the development and implementation of advanced environmental engineering solutions in Russian agribusiness are given. According to the results of the study, the authors identified the TOP-10 trends in the development of environmental engineering in the agribusiness of Russia, as well as the main directions in the development of agribusiness. Ecological engineering will help realize the idea of sustainable development of agribusiness, which can simultaneously reduce the harmful effects on the environment and increase the efficiency of technological processes.
Influence flame speed and flame thickness on completeness of combustion hythane
Authors: Shaikin A P , Galiev I R , Epishkin V E
Published: January 2020

The article is dedicated to experimental and theoretical studies characteristics of flame propagation in combustion chamber of internal combustion engine with spark ignition and their influence on completeness combustion. It is theoretically and experimentally proved that relationship of flame propagation characteristics with completeness of combustion composite fuel is complex, non-linear, and depends on chemical composition combustible mixture and temperature in combustion chamber. It was revealed that an increase thickness near-wall unburned fuel layer, size of slots in combustion chamber and surface area of combustion chamber contribute to a reduction combustion efficiency of the fuel. It is shown that an increase rate flame propagation and a decrease thickness flame front leads to an increase completeness combustion fuel. It was revealed that proposed formula, using fundamental characteristics of flame propagation, allows calculating completeness combustion composite fuel. This indicates feasibility of using this formula at the design stage and fine-tuning low-emission and energy-efficient combustion chambers of engines and power plants.
Relationship between flame speed, maximum pressure and pulsation velocity in a variable volume combustion chamber
Authors: Shaikin AP , Galiev I R , Epishkin V E
Published: January 2020

The results of an experimental study of the relationship between the propagation velocity of a methane-hydrogen flame and the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber of variable volume and pulsating velocity are presented. The article shows that the influence of the pulsation velocity on the flame propagation velocity depends on the phase of combustion, i.e. the larger the size of the combustion zone, the stronger the influence of the pulsation velocity and the coefficient of excess fuel. When stoichiometric mixtures are burned, an increase in the pulsation velocity leads to a more noticeable increase in the flame velocity than when burning poor and rich mixtures. It was experimentally found that, despite the change in the coefficient of excess air, the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel and the pulsating velocity, a direct linear dependence of the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber on the flame propagation rate is maintained. Processing the results of foreign scientists showed the validity of the laws we obtained for combustion chambers of various designs. The results of the work can be used in the design and development of energy-efficient and low-emission combustion chambers of variable volume.
The technical condition assessment and the resource of safe operation of technological pipelines using electromagnetic-acoustic effect
Authors: Bashirov M G , Bashirova E M , Khusnutdinova I G , Luneva N N
Published: January 2020

The combined use of the electromagnetic-acoustic effect and a mathematical model of the dynamics of the stress-strain state of technological pipelines in the form of a transfer function to increase the reliability and accuracy of estimating their residual life, taking into account the degradation of the metal structure during operation has been justified.
Verification of the results of numerical modeling of the developed cavitation in a cramped flow by experimental data
Authors: Radzyuk A Yu , Istyagina E B , Pyanykh T A , Baranova M P , Grishina I I
Published: January 2020

The existing mathematical models of fluid flows accompanied by cavitation describe quite accurately the flow behavior in wide ranges of input parameters, however, the multiparameter and variety of problems to be solved require experimental confirmation of the calculation results based on the selected models. The article presents the results of calculations based on modeling the flow of a quasi-homogeneous mixture by the Navier-Stokes equation, and their comparison with measurements on an experimental setup with a similar geometry and flow parameters.
The transfer function of a traction asynchronous motor controlled by a four-square converter
Authors: Fayzullayev J S , Jurayeva K K
Published: January 2020

An expression for the transfer function of a traction asynchronous motor with a four-square converter is derived. It is shown that the basic properties of the traction motor, which are a four-square converter, correspond to the linearization coefficients. The values of linearization coefficients for a typical system in the entire region of equilibrium states are given.
Device for detection of the phase current asymmetry in the three-phase lines of non-traction consumers
Authors: Safarov A M , Jumaboyev S Kh , Sattarov Kh A
Published: January 2020

electrified railway transport receives power from the power system and operates on a single-phase current, which leads to uneven loading of networks of the traction power supply system. There is a danger of overload and additional losses of active power and electrical energy of three-phase electric motors by reverse sequence currents, therefore, any information obtained about the values (phase currents and voltages) allows carrying out corrective actions for the level of asymmetry. In this paper, discuss the design of the device for detecting the asymmetry of phase currents in three-phase lines is proposed. It is shown that the device can convert the DC current difference and measure three linear currents in a three-wire three-phase circuit.
Definition and approximation of the light flux degradation of a LED lamp
Authors: Solyonyj S V , Rabin A V , Solenaya O Ya , Kuzmenko V P , Rysin A V
Published: January 2020

Quality control is one of the main functions of the quality management process. Its purpose is an identification of production errors for their prompt elimination and with minimal production losses. The launch of the concept of quality assurance into practice has significantly increased the efficiency of production with a sufficiently high quality of products and services, which has created conditions for the formation of a global market for goods and services. For LED lights luminous flux is the basic parameter that is needed to calculate the illumination of things and to understand the basic parameters of the suitability of the LED lights. In the analyzed articles, the specific time of the beginning of measurements of the luminous flux of the lamp is not given, which is a source of data discrepancies and erroneous results of calculating its light output. Therefore, to eliminate this deficiency in the technical characteristics, the luminous flux should be reduced after a certain stabilization time after power supply. To solve the problem associated with the development of standards for determining the level of degradation of the luminous flux, in this article the technique for predicting the decline of the luminous flux of a LED lamp through the determination of the level of decline in illumination is developed and the approximation of curves is presented.
Integrated diesel engine toxicity reduction system
Authors: Lopatin O P
Published: January 2020

The issues of natural gas application and recirculation as a complex method of reducing the toxicity of diesel exhaust gases are considered. The results of experimental studies on the influence of natural gas and recirculation on the effective characteristics, toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases are presented. At the same time, special attention is paid to power and economic characteristics, indicators of the combustion process, toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases. The presented results of experimental studies prove the effectiveness of the application as a comprehensive system of reducing the toxicity of diesel engine natural gas and exhaust gas recirculation.
Research of load modes of diesel engine at work on biofuel
Authors: Likhanov V A , Lopatin O P
Published: January 2020

The relevance of the article is due to the need to replace traditional petroleum motor fuels with alternative ones derived from non-oil raw materials. Quite a good prospect has a variety of alcohol fuels, allowing their physical and chemical properties to use them as additives in regular oil fuel, thereby replacing it and significantly reducing harmful emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. The efficiency of using ethanol and methanol as an ecological additive to petroleum diesel fuel was confirmed and the possibility of a significant reduction in toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases during diesel operation on biofuel was experimentally proved.
Investigation of the gas feeder design for a fluidized bed chemical reactor or combustor
Authors: Solovev S A
Published: January 2020

In the present work, a model of a gas feeder for the industrial apparatus of the petrochemical or energy industry is constructed. Using the methods of computational fluid dynamics, we calculated the gas motion in the constructed models. Various options for the size and arrangement of the gas feeder elements in the system are considered. The analysis of the calculation results is carried out and the best design options are determined to ensure uniform distribution of the gas velocity to the nozzle of the gas supply system.
Numerical simulation and experimental study of the acetylene hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Khusainov R R , Solovev S A , Soloveva O V , Ilyasov I R
Published: January 2020

A mathematical model of the acetylene hydrogenation reaction is constructed. Numerical modeling and experimental studies of the hydrogenation of acetylene in a reactor with a catalyst based on open cell foam material have been carried out. The results of numerical modeling and experimental studies are in good agreement. The calculation results show that with increasing temperature in the reactor, the mass content of acetylene decreases.
Energy consumption structure and economic growth in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsova Alfiya
Published: January 2020

Energy consumption is an indicator of the level of economic development in almost any country. Russia is in fourth place in the world in terms of the amount of electricity generated. Between 1990 and 2017, the amount of electric energy consumed in the country increased by one percent, however, the capacity of power plants in the Russian Federation increased by 27.7%. The largest consumption of fuel and energy resources is accounted for by mining (63-70%), production and distribution of energy, gas and water (28-30%), manufacturing (28-29%), transport and communications (21 - 22%), other activities (8%), construction (2.2-3.7%), agriculture (3-3.5%). Four Russian federal districts use over 80% of electric energy: Ural, Siberian, Volga and Central. In the structure of consumption of fuel and energy resources in 2018, the largest share belongs to mining - 53.3%; domestic use of electric energy by urban and rural population - 14.4%; transportation and storage - 8.1%, trade - 3%, agriculture - 1.7%, construction - 1.1%, information and communications - 0.6%, other types of economic activity - 9%. The largest share in the structure of the gross domestic product is occupied by production (26%), wholesale and retail trade (14%) and other. The economic growth of any country is primarily associated with energy consumption.
The impact of the use of compressed natural gas in a car diesel engine on the formation and oxidation of soot particles
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V
Published: January 2020

The problems of using compressed natural gas in diesel as an alternative fuel and reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases are considered. At the same time, the problems of formation and burning of soot particles in the diesel cylinder during its operation on natural gas and their influence on the combustion process and flame characteristics are considered separately. The results of bench tests on the impact of the use of compressed natural gas on the effective performance, environmental performance and fluidity of exhaust gases are presented. The parameters of the combustion process and heat dissipation characteristics are considered, the values of the mass content of soot in the engine cylinder depending on the angle of rotation of the crankshaft are calculated. The optimal values of the effective parameters, characteristics of the combustion process, toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases during the operation of diesel on compressed natural gas are determined. Conversion of the considered diesel from oil diesel fuel to compressed natural gas allowed to reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases by 17.0%, soot in 25 times, carbon dioxide by 10.1%.
The use of ionization sensors to study the combustion process in spark ignition engines
Authors: Smolenskii Victor , Smolenskaya Natalya , Korneev Nikolay , Prus Yuri
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the use of ionization sensors to study the combustion process in spark ignition engines. The results of an experimental study of the combustion process when operating both on gasoline and gas fuel are presented. Correlating dependences are obtained, which show the possibility of diagnosing the combustion process by the ion current of chemionization. The relationship between the amplitude of the ion current and the composition of the mixture, the speed of flame propagation, and the maximum pressure in the cylinder of the engine is revealed.
Mathematical model of solid impurity coagulation processes in liquid suspensions based on random function convolution operation
Authors: Menshov E N
Published: January 2020

Methodology of modeling and identification of mathematical model of process of coagulation of solid impurities in liquid suspensions on the basis of linear mathematical apparatus - convolution of random functions is presented. The non-linearity of the coagulation process is taken into account by the mathematical model of the second level, namely, the time dependence of the weighted random convolution function, which is a characteristic of the type of coagulation and physico-geometric parameters of technical systems for cleaning liquid media. This approach has proven itself in applied problems, provides a solution to the problems of calculating and optimizing cleaning systems for arbitrary initial distributions of the dispersed composition of particles, and is characterized by reduced time and resource costs.
A study of sol gel process parameters on CoCuMnOx selective coating characteristics
Authors: Taha Fatma , El Mahallawy Nahed , Shoeib Madiha
Published: January 2020

This research addresses the effect of process parameters on the optical properties of solar selective coating. The proposed study discusses the deposition of a selective coating of CoCuMnOx onto stainless-steel substrate. The coating was prepared via a sol-gel route and dip coating process. Mechanical adhesion between the coating and the substrate was increased through increasing the surface roughness of the substrate. Four parameters were discussed; precursor concentration, withdrawal rate, number of coating layers and the heat treatment temperature. The best achieved absorptivity was 0.906 in the wavelength range of (200–900 nm) and emissivity was 0.116 in the wavelength range of (2.5–25 μm) for a sample with precursor molar ratio divided by 60, 1.5 cm min−1 withdrawal rate, double coating layer and 450 °C heat treatment temperature. Detailed coating characterization was discussed through XRD, EDX and SEM analysis.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-ZTA cermet prepared by vacuum hot-pressed sintering
Authors: Sun Daming , Jiang Xiaosong , Sun Hongliang , Song Tingfeng , Luo Zhiping
Published: January 2020

The cermet based on metallic iron with zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) as the reinforcing phase was prepared by vacuum hot-pressed sintering. The ZTA particles were subjected to electroless nickel plating to improve the interfacial bonding ability of ZTA and Fe matrix. In this paper, after electroless nickel plating, the effects of different particle sizes and different contents of ZTA particles on the grinding properties of Fe-based ZTA (Fe-ZTA) cermets were investigated. The results show that the ZTA particles are tightly bound to the Fe matrix. An interface layer is formed between the ZTA particles and the Fe matrix and it can improve the grinding ability of the Fe-ZTA cermet. By reducing the particle size and the content of ZTA particles, the friction coefficient between Fe-based ZTA cermet and the machined surface can be increased, and the surface roughness of the machined surface will reduce. When the ZTA particle size is F14 and the iron binder content is 40%, the friction coefficient between the Fe-ZTA cermet and the steel bar is 0.4981, the surface roughness of steel bar is 40.164 μm, the grinding ratio is 685.952.
Role of lubricant with a plasticizer to change the glass transition temperature as a result improving the mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) PLLA
Authors: Alamri Hatem R , El-hadi Ahmed M , Al-Qahtani Saeed M , Assaedi Hasan S , Alotaibi Abdullah S.
Published: January 2020

Poly (lactic acid) (PLLA) is the best important bioplastics derived from renewable resources like blackstrap molasses (sugar beet, date palm and sugar cane). PLLA is brittle and has a low elongation at break, which hinders its applications in the industry. One method to solve this problem is to improve its mechanical properties by adding plasticizers. The PLLA blends were prepared at first by solution blending as a solvent casting method and then melting using a hydraulic hot press. PLLA was blended with a plasticizer (GMS/TA) to obtain a higher ductile of PLLA. The addition of lubricant and plasticizer (GMS/TA) leads to reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm), and the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) in PLLA blends. The mechanical properties of PLLA have been investigated. The results indicated compatibility between PLLA and additives. The elongation at the break of the PLLA blend is stretched 270% with a tensile strength of 16 MPa. The addition of lubricant with the plasticizer leads to sliding the chain of PLLA, which causes to increase the strain. The physical blending has been demonstrated to be an effective technique to obtain an environmentally friendly PLLA blend with good mechanical properties, therefore it can be used in the food packaging sector.
Mean value property in limit for eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami operator
Authors: Naik Muna , Ray Swagato , Sarkar Rudra
Published: January 2020

We consider Riemannian symmetric spacesXXof noncompact-type with rank one, which accommodates all hyperbolic spaces. We characterize the eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami operator onXXwith arbitrary complex eigenvalues through an asymptotic version of the ball mean value property as the radius of the ball tends to infinity.
On Bismut flat manifolds
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Yang Bo , Zheng Fangyang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we give a classification of all compact Hermitian manifolds with flat Bismut connection. We show that the torsion tensor of such a manifold must be parallel, thus the universal cover of such a manifold is a Lie group equipped with a bi-invariant metric and a compatible left invariant complex structure. In particular, isosceles Hopf surfaces are the only Bismut flat compact non-Kähler surfaces, while central Calabi-Eckmann threefolds are the only simply-connected compact Bismut flat threefolds.
Differences in Microbiota Between Two Multilocus Lineages of the Sugarcane Aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) in the Continental United States
Authors: Holt Jocelyn R , Styer Alex , White Jennifer A , Armstrong J Scott , Nibouche Samuel , Costet Laurent , Malacrinò Antonino , Antwi Josephine B , Wulff Jason , Peterson Gary , McLaren Neal , Medina Raul F
Published: January 2020

The sugarcane aphid (SCA), Melanaphis Sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has been considered an invasive pest of sugarcane in the continental United States since 1977. Then, in 2013, SCA abruptly became a serious pest of U.S. sorghum and is now a sorghum pest in 22 states across the continental United States. Changes in insect-associated microbial community composition are known to influence host-plant range in aphids. In this study, we assessed whether changes in microbiota composition may explain the SCA outbreak in U.S. sorghum. We characterized the SCA bacterial microbiota on sugarcane and grain sorghum in four U.S. states, using a metabarcoding approach. In addition, we used taxon-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to screen for bacteria commonly reported in aphid species. As anticipated, all SCA harbored the primary aphid endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, an obligate mutualistic bacterial symbiont. Interestingly, none of the secondary symbionts, facultative bacteria typically associated with aphids (e.g., Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Regiella) were present in either the metabarcoding data or PCR screens (with the exception of Rickettsiella and Serratia, which were detected by metabarcoding at low abundances <1%). However, our metabarcoding detected bacteria not previously identified in aphids (Arcobacter, Bifidobacterium, Citrobacter). Lastly, we found microbial host-associated differentiation in aphids that seems to correspond to genetically distinct aphid lineages that prefer to feed on grain sorghum (MLL-F) versus sugarcane (MLL-D).