bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An 18.9-minute Blue Large-Amplitude Pulsator Crossing the "Hertzsprung Gap'' of Hot Subdwarfs
Authors: Lin Jie , Wu Chengyuan , Wang Xiaofeng , Németh Péter , Xiong Herang , Wu Tao , Filippenko Alexei , Cai Yongzhi , Brink Thomas , Yan Shengyu , Zeng Xiangyun , Luo Yangpin , Xiang Danfeng , Zhang Jujia , Zheng W , Yang Yi , Mo Jun , Xi Gaobo , Zhang Jicheng , Iskandar Abdusamatjan , Esamdin Ali , Jiang Xiaojun , Sai Hanna , Wei Zixuan , Chen Liyang , Guo Fangzhou , Chen Zhihao , Li Wenxiong , Lin Weili , Lin Han , Zhang Xinhan
Published: April 2022

Blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) represent a new and rare class of hot pulsating stars with unusually large amplitudes and short periods. Up to now, only 21 confirmed BLAPs have been identified from more than one billion monitored stars, including a group with pulsation period longer than 20 min (classical BLAPs; [1]) and the other group with pulsation period below 10 min (high-gravity BLAPs; [2]). The evolutionary path that could give rise to such kinds of stellar configurations is unclear. Here we report on a comprehensive study of the peculiar BLAP discovered by the Tsinghua University – Ma Huateng Telescopes for Survey (TMTS) [3], TMTS J035143.63+584504.2 (TMTSBLAP-1); it is the first confirmed BLAP located within the “period gap” between high-gravity and classical BLAPs. This new BLAP has an 18.9 min pulsation period, and is similar to the classical BLAPs with an extended helium-enriched envelope. In particular, the long-term monitoring data of TMTS-BLAP-1 reveal that this pulsating star has an unusually large rate of period change, ˙P /P = 2.3 × 10−6 yr−1. Such a significant and positive value challenges the scenarios of both the helium-core pre-white-dwarf and the core-helium burning [1, 2, 4–6]), but is consistent with that derived from shell-helium burning. The particular pulsation period and unusual rate of period change indicate that TMTS-BLAP-1 is at a short-lived (∼ 106 yr) phase of shell-helium ignition before the stable shell-helium burning; in other words, TMTSBLAP-1 is going through a “Hertzsprung gap” of hot subdwarfs. This demonstrates that hot subdwarf stars have a similar evolutionary fate as main-sequence stars; some subdwarfs can leave their “main-sequence” stage and appear as diverse pulsating variables in distinct regions of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, thereby opening a new window for explorations of rare pulsating stars that evolved from stripped-envelope stars.
Optimization design of process parameters for cold and hot composite roll forming of the AHSS square tube using response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Yu , Mehari Zelalem Abathun , Wu Junyuan , Han Jingtao
Published: April 2022

Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) is a highly competitive material for the automobile industry to resolve the challenge of weight reduction and passenger safety. With the increase in strength, defects such as microcrack, local thickness reduction, and large corner radius in the corner section of cold roll-formed steel products become more and more serious. Cold and hot composite roll forming (CHCRF) is a newly developed manufacturing technology that combines the advantages of cold and hot forming to overcome the challenge of forming AHSS. In this paper, the mathematical models that represent the effect of line velocity, heating power, and deformation amount on the yield strength, outer corner radius, and microcrack length of the corner section of cold and hot composite roll-formed AHSS square tube are investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is found that all the three process parameters play a significant role in the outer corner radius and microcrack length, while the line velocity and heating power influence the yield strength significantly. Furthermore, an optimization process is proposed, with the outer corner radius and microcrack length as objective functions and the yield strength as a constrained condition, to manufacture the AHSS square tube with a small outer corner radius and no microcrack defect. Experimental verification has been conducted using the optimal process parameters, and the average magnitude of error is about 5%, which implies that the optimization design is accurate and reliable.
Fabrication of nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan coatings by pulse electro deposition method
Authors: Shahverdi Najme , Montazeri Arash
Published: April 2022

In this study, Mg-2wt% Zn scaffolds were fabricated by powder metallurgy method and the effects of the porosity content on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied. The nano hydroxyapatite-chitosan (nHA-CS) coatings were developed using pulse electro deposition (PED) method to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of scaffolds in the solution body fluids (SBF). The effect of PED parameters (voltage and time) and nHA/CS ratio were studied to achieve optimal nanocomposite coating. The results showed that optimal coating was obtained at voltage 40 V, 10 minutes of coating time and nHA/CS ratio =10. The pulse-peak current density (CD), the pulse duty cycles (DC), pH and temperature for the fabrication of the coatings were conducted at 10 mA cm-2, 0.2 ,7 and 37oC, respectively. In optimal coating, the nHA atomic ratio was obtained Ca/P=1.57, similar to the value of bone hydroxyapatite. The in vitro biocompatibility of the optimal coating was evaluated by cell adhesion, cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays using MG63 cells. The results indicate that the optimal nanocomposite coating was highly biocompatible, making this material more suitable for applications in bone tissue engineering and to repair bone defects caused by sports injuries.
Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Identiﬁcation Among CXC Chemokines in the Colon Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment
Authors: wang heng , guo changqing , luo jun , li quan , Fu BuQing , jiang wei
Published: April 2022

BackgroundCOAD is among the most prevalent malignancy, with a very high incidence rate. Crosstalk between cancer and interstitial cells significantly affects cancer development, modulated partly by chemokines production. When present in the tumor microenvironment, CXC chemokines have been shown to regulate tumor cell activity and influence immune cell transport, resulting in anti-tumor immune mechanisms and influencing the outcomes of the patient; nonetheless, the CXC chemokines expression levels in COAD, as well as their prognostic significance, have not yet been established. MethodsThis study used UALCAN, GeneMANIA, STRING, TRRUST, cBioPortal, TIMER, and GEPIA, ResultsThe expression of CXC1/2/3/5/6/11/12/13/14/16/17 in COAD patients was shown to be significantly correlated with the pathological stage. A considerably improved prognosis was observed in patients with low transcriptional levels of CXCL9/10/11. Differentially expressed CXC chemokines exert roles that are predominantly correlated with the chemokine signaling pathway and interactions of cytokine–cytokine receptors. Our findings indicated that the transcriptional factors, including SP1, RELA, and NFKB1 are essential for the production of CXC chemokines. Furthermore, we discovered a substantial association between the CXC chemokines production and infiltration of 6 kinds of immune cells (CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages,). ConclusionsThese findings might be useful in identifying prognostic indicators and immunotherapeutic targets for colon cancer.
Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Dof transcription factor family in Camelina sativa
Authors: Li Runzhi , Luo Tao , Song Yanan , Gao Huiling , Wang Meng , Cui Hongli , Ji Chunli , Yuan Lixia , Wang Jiping
Published: April 2022

Background: Dof transcription factors (TFs) containing C2-C2 zinc finger domains are plant-specific regulatory proteins, playing crucial roles in a variety of biological processes. However, little is known about Dof in Camelina sativa, an important oil crop worldwide, with high stress tolerance. In this study, a genome-wide characterization of Dof proteins is performed to examine their basic structural characteristics, phylogenetics, expression patterns, and functions to identify the regulatory mechanism underlying lipid/oil accumulation and the candidate Dofs mediating stress resistance regulation in C. sativa.Results: Total of 103 CsDof genes were identified from the C. sativa genome, and they were classified into four groups (A, B, C and D). These genes were spread unevenly across 20 chromosomes. All of the CsDof proteins contained the highly-conserved typic CX2C-X21-CX2C structure. Segmental replication was detected to be the main force for expansion of CsDof gene family, and purifying selection happened during CsDof’s evolution. More than half of CsDof genes were expressed in multiple tissues, and a number of them showed tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting that CsDof genes functioned differentially in different tissues of C. sativa. Remarkably, a set of CsDof members may mediate regulation of oil/lipid biosynthesis in C. sativa. Six CsDof genes exhibited significant expression changes in seedlings under salt stress treatment.Conclusions: This article describes a detailed analysis of the CsDof gene family and its expression profiles in various tissues and under salt stress. Segmental duplication is the key force responsible for the expansion of this gene family, and a strong purifying pressure plays a crucial role in CsDofs’ evolution. Several CsDof TFs may mediate lipid metabolism and stress responses in C. sativa. Collectively, our results provide a foundation for deep understanding the roles of CsDofs and genetic improvements of oil yield and stress resistance in this species and the related crops.
Intracerebroventricular delivery of glatiramer acetate: a proof-of-concept treatment for Alzheimer’s disease by promoting innate phagocytosis and antagonizing amyloid-β toxicity
Authors: Huang Xin , Chen Feng , Doughty Larissa , Li Qiao-Xin , Ou Wensi , Li Yihan , Drysdale Candace , Alrehaili Arwa , Birchall Ian E. , Wong Joelyn , Park Keunha , Lim Michael , Sun Mujun , Semple Bridgette D. , Shultz Sandy R. , Adlard Paul A. , Parker Michael W. , McKinley Michael , Masters Colin L. , Wiley James S. , Gu Ben J
Published: April 2022

Background: We and others have reported that glatiramer acetate promotes innate phagocytosis. Methods: In this study, we investigated the interaction between glatiramer acetate and amyloid-β (Aβ) by using circular dichroism and microscale thermophoresis. Glatiramer acetate was delivered intracerebroventricularly to 22-month-old APP/PS1 mice by using mini-osmotic pumps. Mice underwent behavioural testing for two consecutive weeks after three-weeks treatment. Five weeks after implantation, animals were sacrificed and brain samples were collected for electrophysiology, immunochemistry and histopathology studies. Intracerebroventricular delivery of glatiramer acetate to sheep was also examined. Results: Glatiramer acetate binds to amyloid-β within high affinity and antagonize its toxicity. Glatiramer acetate treatment significantly improved cognitive function, restored long-term potentiation, reduced soluble amyloid-β and amyloid-β plaques in aged APP/PS1 mice, and promoted energy metabolism in sheep. Conclusions: Our results suggest a novel treatment strategy that targets both innate phagocytosis and amyloid-β, which may prove useful for treatment of all stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
Using Participatory Action Research to pilot a model of service user and caregiver involvement in mental health system strengthening in Ethiopian primary healthcare: A case study
Authors: Abayneh Sisay , Lempp Heidi , Kohrt Brandon , Alem Atalay , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: April 2022

Background
Little is known about actual involvement or how to achieve service user and caregiver in mental health systems strengthening in low-and middle-income countries. This study describes the processes and explores involvement experiences of participants in a pilot study of a new model of service user involvement in mental health system strengthening in a rural district in southern Ethiopia.
Methods
We applied a case study design using participatory action research (PAR). The PAR process comprised of three stages, each with iterative activities of plan, act, observe and reflect. Two stakeholder groups, a Research Advisory Group (RAG) and Research Participant Group (RPG), were established and collaborated in the PAR process. Data collection involved process documentation of meetings and activities: attendances, workshop minutes, discussion outputs, reflective notes, participatory observation of sessions, and in-depth interviews with 12 RPG members. We analyzed the process data descriptively. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Triangulation and synthesis of findings was carried out to develop the case study.
Results
The stakeholder groups identified their top research priorities, developed an intervention and action plan and made a public presentation of preliminary findings. Key mechanisms used for inclusive participation included capacity building and bringing together diverse stakeholders, anchoring the study in established strong community involvement structures, and making use of participatory strategies and activities during the PAR process. Four themes were developed about experiences of involvement in PAR: (i) expectations and motivation,(ii) experiences of the dynamics of the PAR process,(iii) perceived impacts of involvement in the PAR process, and (iv) implementation challenges and future directions.
Conclusion
This case study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a complex model of service-user involvement in mental health system strengthening in a resource constrained setting. More needs to be done to embed service-user involvement into routines of the primary healthcare system, alongside sustained support and strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration at multiple levels.
Spatial distribution patterns of microbiome and nematodes in response to sediment ecological conditions
Authors: Vieira Soraia , Sroczyń Kasia , Neves Joana , Martins Marta , Costa Maria Helena , Adão Helena , Vicente Claudia
Published: April 2022

Benthic organisms are crucial in the regulation of the ecosystem functions. They are primary mediators of the energy transfer in marine benthic food webs. Trophic interactions between benthic nematodes and sediment bacteria across divergent environmental conditions are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to comprehend the relation between the spatial distribution patterns and diversity of benthic microbial communities and nematode assemblages of the intertidal sediments in Sado estuary (SW, Portugal). Samples were taken from three sites with different biogeochemical sediment conditions. Microbial communities were described using metagenomic approach, while nematode assemblages were characterized using morphological identification. Bacterial communities and nematodes assemblages presented significant heterogeneity between sites (p<0.05), which were primary related with the environmental variables (e.g., organic matter deposits and gravel percentage). However, while microbiome distributional patterns were clearly in accordance with ecological conditions of three selected sites (adjusted R2Adj = 0.53), nematode assemblages were more responsive to specific sampling locations within each site, suggesting that their response is rather driven by the within site specific factors, acting at the smaller spatial scale. Our study also demonstrated that the presence of Cyanobacteria (higher relative abundance of Pleurocapsa PCC-7319) seemed to be correlated with high abundance of nematode deposit feeders Terschellingia and Sabatieria indicating possible interactions between these taxa. Our study represents a first insight into bacteria–nematodes associations underlying ecological conditions thereby providing an important baseline for the future understanding of the role that these two groups play in the benthic estuarine ecosystem.
Persistent trigeminal artery detected on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Deniz Muhammed Akif , Turmak Mehmet , Hattapoğlu Salih , Tekinhatun Muhammed
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of persistent trigeminal arteries (PTAs) using computed tomography (CT) angiography, emphasize its major characteristics, and compare the findings with those reported in the relevant literature.MethodsPatients who underwent cerebral CT angiography in our radiology clinic for any preliminary diagnosis between December 2013 and December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were reviewed in terms of their age, sex, and the presence of PTAs. The localization of the PTA, vascular connection, PTA type (according to Saltzman and Salas classification), and vascular pathology at the level of anastomoses were examined in the patients with PTAs.ResultsA total of 1150 patients, (632 [55%] males and 518 [45%] females) were included in this study. A total of seven (0.6%) patients had PTAs. PTAs were located on the right and left sides in 3 (43%) and 4 (57%) patients, respectively. A total of 3 (43%), 2 (28%), and 2 (28%) cases were classified as types I, II, and III PTA based on the Saltzman classification, respectively. Moreover, 4 (57%) and 3 (43%) cases were lateral and medial types based on the Salas classification, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, understanding the diagnosis and classification of PTAs is crucial for the diagnosis of possible vascular pathologies by neuroradiologists and physicians performing neurovascular interventional procedures or operations. If these vascular pathologies remain undetected, they may cause fatal bleeding or embolism during surgeries and endovascular procedures.
The Evaluation of Geomorphosites with using Geomorphological Heritage (a Case Study of the Southern part of the Novohradské Mountains, the Czech Republic)
Authors: Rypl Jiří , Kirchner Karel , Kraft Stanislav , Blažek Vojtěch
Published: April 2022

At present, the protection of a biotic nature is more preferred than the protection of an abiotic nature. However, processes of a biotic nature and an abiotic nature are together with human activities deciding factors influencing significantly the landscape in general and therefore it is necessary to identify and evaluate specific geological and geomorphological sites in order to protect abiotic nature.This atricle dealt with new information from the territory of the Southern part of the Novohradské Mountains, aimed on the issues of geomorphosites. Geoheritage values which were attributed to the individual localities in the target territory, can serve as a significant foundation and source of the information for the appropriate authorities for the management of these geomorphosites.
The wettability and phosphate adsorption characteristics of katoite in RM were studied by first-principle calculations
Authors: Zhou Xiaotian , Li Longjiang , Qiu Yueqin , Liu Wanshuang
Published: April 2022

Red mud (RM) alone as an adsorbent for phosphorus shows unsatisfactory adsorption performance. This paper studied the wettability of katoite (the main component of RM) and its adsorption of phosphate. We also analysed the adsorption law of phosphate-containing water clusters on the katoite surface from bond length changes of the unit cell, adsorption equilibrium conformation, radial distribution function, interaction energy, adsorption isotherm and adsorption heat. found that kattenite has good wettability and the adsorption of phosphate is the result of van der Waals force and hydrogen bond.
Measurement of an evaporation coefficient in tissue sections as a correction factor for 10B determination
Authors: Espector Natalia , Portu Agustina Mariana , Espain María Sol , Leyva Gabriela , Martin Gisela Saint
Published: April 2022

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer treatment option that combines preferential uptake of a boron compound in tumor and irradiation with thermal neutrons. For treatment planning, boron concentration in different tissues must be considered. Neutron Autoradiography using Nuclear Track Detectors (NTD) can be applied to study both boron concentration and microdistribution in tissue samples. Histological sections are obtained from frozen tissue by cryosectioning. When they reach room temperature, they undergo an evaporation process, which leads to an increase of boron concentration in the sample. In order to take this effect into account, certain correction factors (Evaporation Coefficients, CEv) must be applied. With this aim, a protocol was established in order to register and analyze mass variation of tissue sections, measured with a semimicro scale. Values of ambient temperature, pressure and humidity were simultaneously recorded. Reproducible results of evaporation curves and CEv values were obtained for different tissue samples, which allowed the systematization of the procedure. This study contributes to a more precise determination of boron concentration in tissue samples through the Neutron Autoradiography technique, which is of great relevance to make dosimetric calculations in BNCT.
Abnormal TNS3 gene methylation in patients with congenital scoliosis
Authors: Wu YuanTao , Zhang Hong-qi , Tang Mingxing , Guo Chaofeng , Liu Shaohua , Li Jiong , Wang Yunjia , Xiao Lige , Yang Guanteng
Published: April 2022

Background
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a congenital deformity of the spine resulting from an abnormal and asymmetrical development of vertebral bodies during pregnancy. However, the etiology and mechanism of CS are still unclear. Epigenetics is the study of heritable variations in gene expression outside of changes in nucleotide sequence. Among these, DNA methylation is the longest known, most characteristic, and most stable epigenetic mechanism. Although methylation is well studied in various complex diseases, its association with CS has not been studied
Methods
Two pairs of monozygotic twins were included and each had one patient with CS and one without. Agilent SureSelect XT Human Methyl-Sequencing were used for genome methylation sequencing. MethylTarget was used to detect methylation levels in the target regions. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize the expression of associated genes in the candidate regions.
Results
A total of 75 differentially methylated regions were identified, including 24 with an increased methylation level and 51 with a decreased methylation level in the CS group. Nine of the differentially methylated regions were selected (TNS3, SEMAC3, GPR124, MEST, DLK1, SNTG1, PPIB, DEF8, and GRHL2). The results showed that the methylation level of the promoter region of TNS3 was 0.72 ± 0.08 in the CS group and 0.43 ± 0.06 in the control group (p = 0.00070 < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the degree of methylation of SEMAC3, GPR124, MEST, DLK1, SNTG1, PPIB, DEF8, or GRHL2 between the two groups. The immunohistochemical results showed that TNS3 expression was significantly decreased in the cartilage of the articular process in CS (CS: 0.011 ± 0.002; control: 0.018 ± 0.006, P = 0.003 < 0.01).
Conclusion
Compared with the control group, high-level methylation in the TNS3 promoter region and low TNS3 expression in the cartilage layer of the articular process characterized CS patients. This phenomenon may suggest that DNA methylation as well as TNS3 play important roles in the pathogenesis of CS.
Synergistic effect of hydration and carbonation of ladle furnace slag on cementitious substances
Authors: Yi Yuanrong , Ma Wenqing , Sidike Ainiwaer , Ma Zhongle , Fang Minghang , Lin Yue , Bai Shuqi , Chen Yinguang
Published: April 2022

Ladle furnace slag (LFS) can undergo hydration and carbonation reactions as cement. This article explores the effect of LFS hydration and carbonation reactions on cementitious substances at different temperatures or different particle sizes, as well as the microstructure and formation mechanism of the cementitious substances. The results show that C2S and C3S undergo hydration reaction to generate C-S-H gel in the early stages, which then undergoes decalcification and condensation to generate CaCO3 and Ca-deficient C-S-H gel. The increase in temperature hinders the formation of CaCO3 from Ca2+ and CO32-, thus reducing the efficiency of hydration carbonation. The increase in particle size is not conducive to leaching of C2S and C3S to the surface of the reaction phase, which in turn reduces the degree of decalcification and polymerization of C-S-H gel in the carbonation phase. It were concluded that the best hydration and carbonation reactions of LFS were achieved at 20 °C and particle sizes < 38 μm.
PI103 affects the progression of hepatic fibrosis through Ca 2+ and PI3K/Akt-dependent HSC apoptosis
Authors: Yan Yu. , Liu Haiying. , Dai Linyu , Xiao Qian , Xiao Yonghong
Published: April 2022

Activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the central link to the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis, which can be reversed by promoting the apoptosis of HSC. The activation of HSC leads to an increase in proliferation, collagen synthesis and the contraction of HSCs. The studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that intracellular Ca2+ plays an important role in the mediating apoptosis and contraction of HSC. The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of PI3K inhibitor PI103 on HSC stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and explored its relevant mechanisms. The results showed PI3K inhibitor PI103 could inhibit the proliferation of activated HSC, increase its apoptosis, decrease intracellular Ca2+ concentration and reduce the expression of signal molecules PI3K and Akt and type I, III collagen as well. Our study demonstrates that Ca2+ and PI3K/Akt-dependent HSC apoptosis may serve as a potential novel target for anti-fibrosis therapy.
Assessing the Fidelity of the Malaria Vaccine Implementation in Malawi
Authors: Patel Parth K. , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda
Published: April 2022

Background:Remarkable progress has been made in the fight against malaria over the last two decades. Despite the mounted response using preventive and treatment measures, the rate of malaria case incidence and mortality stalled from 2015 onwards. Mosquirix (RTS, S/AS01), a 4 dose malaria vaccine with an effectiveness of 39%, was piloted by the WHO in three countries including Malawi where the vaccine is integrated in the EPI as a regular schedule dose. The vaccine portrays a chance to enhance the globally stalled progress against the malaria epidemic. Fidelity, therefore should be assessed in order to correctly identify the adherence to the planned protocol for the rollout of the program and evaluate whether it is being undertaken as planned.Methods:This is a descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study that used the implementation fidelity framework (2007). 12 Healthcare workers were interviewed while 47 parents or guardians attended 2 focused group discussions, in two separate health centers serving as immunization clinics. A non-participatory checklist was also used to predetermine the status of the vaccine storage and the system of administration of the malaria vaccine. Data was analyzed using the framework analysis approach.Results:59 participants were interviewed in this study, 12 were HCWs and 47 were guardians. Out of the 12 health workers that were interviewed, 2 (17%) were female and 10 (83%) were male. While for the clients, all 47 (100%) were female. The average age of HCWs was 38 while for the guardians it was 29. The study observed that there was adherence to the protocols but to a lesser extent.Conclusion:It is evident that the Malaria vaccine programme has to some extent been implemented with fidelity and there is demonstrable adherence to the vaccine protocol. Nevertheless, gaps still exist and it is the role of the Ministry of Health through the respective departments to learn from such experiences and employ strategies that will even increase adherence to the vaccine protocol by health workers which ultimately will reduce the malaria burden in the country since adherence to the protocols may also lead to improved efficacy of the vaccine.
Evolutionary changes in gene expression profiles associated with the coevolution of male and female genital parts among closely related ground beetle species
Authors: Sota Teiji , Nomura Shota
Published: April 2022

Background: The coevolutionary dynamics of corresponding male and female sexual traits, including genitalia, may be driven by complex genetic mechanisms. Carabus (Ohomopterus) ground beetles show correlated evolution in the size of their functionary corresponding male and female genital parts. To reveal the genetic mechanisms involved in the evolution of size, we investigated interspecific differences in gene expression profiles in four closely related species (two species each with long and short genital parts) using transcriptome data from genital tissues in the early and late pupal stages. Results: We detected 1536 and 1306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the species in males and 546 and 1959 DEGs in females in the two pupal stages, respectively. The DEGs were clustered by species-specific expression profiles for each stage and sex to identify candidate gene clusters for genital size based on the expression patterns among the species and gene ontology. We identified one and two gene clusters in females and males, respectively, all from the late pupal stage; one cluster of each sex showed similar expression profiles in species with similar genital size, which implies a common genetic control mechanism in each sex. However, the remaining male cluster showed different expression profiles between species with long genital parts, which implies species-specific genetic mechanisms. These clusters did not show sex-concordant expression profiles for genital size differences. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that sex-independent and partly species-specific genetic mechanisms underlie the correlated evolution of male and female genital size. These results may reflect the complex evolutionary history of male and female genitalia.
On More Accurate Reverse Half-Discrete Hilbert-Type Inequalities Involving One Higher-Order Derivative Function
Authors: Yang Bicheng , Luo Ricai , Huang Chunmiao
Published: April 2022

By means of the weight functions, Hermite-Hadamard’s inequality and the technique of real analysis, a new more accurate reverse half-discrete Hilbert-type inequality involving one higher-order derivative function is given. The equivalent conditions of the best possible constant factor related to a few parameters, the equivalent forms, several particular inequalities and the kind of reverses are considered.
Colorectal cancer screening challenges in a central Saudi Arabia: 1 st round results
Authors: Zacharakis Georgios , Almasoud Abdulaziz , Arahmane Omar , Aldossary Khaled , AlZahrani Jamaan , Al-Ghamdi Sameer , AlShehri Abdullah , Nikolaidis Pavlos , Bawazir Abdullah , Alfayez Talal , Daadour Moataz , Alslimah Faisal , Altamimi Abdulaziz , Alshalawi Sami
Published: April 2022

Purpose:There is no national policy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Saudi Arabia (SA) despite the increasingly early onset of CRC in high-income countries. This study aims to assess the participation and impact of a CRC screening program in central area of Saudi Arabia. Methods:The guaiac fecal occult blood test (g-FOBT) was used as a first-line, non-invasive screening test to select patients for colonoscopy. The g-FOBT (+) Saudis, aged 45–76 years old (yo), were provided colonoscopies regardless of their risk of developing CRC or the presence of symptoms. Results: The first-round participation rate was 73% (35640/48897). The average age was 53 yo (range 45-75), 49% were female (17464/35640), 76% were asymptomatic, 13% underwent sigmoidoscopy, and 77% were well-prepared. The g-FOBT (+) rate was 6.3% (n = 2245), and 76% (n = 1701) of these underwent lower GI endoscopy. The prevalence of CRC was 4.8% (81/1701), advanced adenoma 9.5% (162/1701), adenoma 15.9% (270/1701), non-adenoma polyps 7.9% (135/1701), and no polyps or tumors 25.4% (432/1701). Other findings were internal hemorrhoids 32% (60/1701), colitis 24% (45/189), diverticulosis 7.9% (135/1701), and diverticulitis 2.6% (27/1053). Among young people volunteers CRC incidence was high, 1/3 of those with CRC with female predominance, above age 50 volunteers with CRC were more likely male, had older age, and among all CRC was at the left site colon (p < 0.005) during endoscopy. Conclusions: Low numbers of advanced adenomas and cancers were detected in the first round of CRC screening, however early onset CRC is rising. Screening participation was low, and public education is necessary along with expanded colonoscopy resources.
FIP: Fake News Detection System Using Incompatibility Probability
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Zadorozhny Vladimir , Grant John
Published: April 2022

We propose FIP, a new method for fake news detection. In this framework a topic is a statement about an event, such as a headline. News articles may refer to or elaborate on the supposed event. Our technique relies on calculating the incompatibility probability for news articles with respect to a topic based on their stances determined by a reviewer. In the relevant cases where a news article is related to a topic, the stances are agree, disagree, and discuss, where the last option reflects uncertainty. As we show experimentally, the news articles with the highest incompatibility probability values are the best candidates for being fake news.
Response of an avifauna community to the La Tuna Fire in the Verdugo Mountains of Southern California
Authors: Jordan Shane E. , Rachman Richard M.
Published: April 2022

Fire regimes in coastal sage scrub and chaparral ecosystems have been found to reshape the distribution of vegetation and lead to changes in avian community composition. Although it is evident that these changes may be reflected in both community diversity and the structure of foraging guilds, the direction of response among habitats remains unclear. Here, patterns of change to an avifauna community were investigated in response to the 2017 La Tuna Fire at one monitoring site in the Verdugo Mountains of Southern California. Avian community diversity and evenness at this site were unaffected, however the structure of foraging guilds was significantly altered. There was a 44.2% increase in counts of insectivorous birds, a 69.6% increase in counts of generalist birds, and a 40.0% decrease in counts of granivorous birds. Principal component analysis suggests that this guild shift is explained by increases in the number of insectivorous and generalist birds present following the fire rather than by decreases in the number granivorous birds. Although post-fire distribution may be related to vegetation structure, interspecific interactions, and species unique adaptations to this habitat, results here suggest that patterns of avifauna community response to wildfire in these ecosystems do not always follow expected patterns and may be dictated by variable causes.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with COVID- 19 on Veno-Venous Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Khorsandi Maziar , Keenan Jeffrey , Adcox Mackenzie , Tabesh Ariyan , Badulak Jenelle , Pal Jay , Mulligan Michael
Published: April 2022

Background: Veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective, but highly resource intensive salvage treatment option in COVID patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a known sequelae of COVID-19 induced ARDS, yet there is a paucity of data on the incidence and determinants of RV dysfunction on VV ECMO. We retrospectively examined the determining factors leading to RV failure and means of early identification of this phenomenon in patients on VV ECMO. Methods: The data was extracted from March 2020 to March 2021 from the regional University of Washington Extracorporeal Life Support database. The inclusion criteria included patients >18 years of age with diagnosis of COVID-19. All had already been intubated and mechanically ventilated prior to VV ECMO deployment. Univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors and surrogate markers for RV dysfunction. In addition, we compared outcomes between those with and without RV dysfunction. Results: Of the 33 patients that met inclusion criteria, 14 (42%) had echocardiographic evidence of RV dysfunction, 3 of whom were placed on right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support. Chronic lung disease was an independent risk factor for RV dysfunction (p=0.0002). RV dysfunction was associated with a six-fold increase in troponin I (0.07 ng/ml vs 0.44 ng/ml, p=0.039) and four-fold increase in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (158 pg/ml vs 662 pg/ml, p=0.037). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, 21% vs 43%, p=0.005) and pulmonary embolism (PE, 11% vs 21%, p=0.045) were found to be nearly twice as common in the RV dysfunction group. Total survival rate to hospital discharge was 39%. Data trended towards shorter duration of hospital stay (47 vs. 65.6 days, p=0.15), shorter duration of ECMO support (21 days vs 36 days, p=0.06) and improved survival rate to hospital discharge (42.1% vs. 35.7%, p=0.47) for those with intact RV function compared to the RV dysfunction group. Conclusions: RV dysfunction in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in common. Trends of troponin I and BNP may be important surrogates for monitoring RV function in patients on VV ECMO. We recommend echocardiographic assessment of the RV on such patients.
Searching for migration: Estimating Japanese migration to Europe with Google Trends data
Authors: Leysen Bert , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul
Published: April 2022

In recent research, Google Trends data has been identified as a potentially useful data source to complement or even replace otherwise traditional data for predicting migration flows. However, the research on this is in its infancy, and as of yet suffers from a distinctive Western bias both in the topics covered as in the applicability of the methods. To examine its wider utility, this paper evaluates the predictive potential of Google Trends data, which captures Google search frequencies, but applies it to the case of Japanese migration flows to Europe. By doing so, we focus on some of the specific challenging aspects of the Japanese language, such as its various writing systems, and of its migration flows, characterized by its relative stability and sometimes limit size. In addition, this research investigates to what extent Google Trends data can be used to empirically test theory in the form of the aspirations and (cap)ability approach. The results show that after careful consideration, this method has the potential to reach satisfactory predictions, but that there are many obstacles to overcome. As such, sufficient care and prior investigation are paramount when attempting this method for less straightforward cases, and additional studies need to address some of the key limitations more in detail to validate or annul some of the findings presented here.
The Attitude and Pattern of Antibiotics prescription among Yemeni Dentists and their relation with the Emergence of Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Ibrahim Doa'a Anwar
Published: April 2022

Background: misuse of antibiotics among prescribers may accompany the increase in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the attitude and pattern of antibiotics prescription regarding the type, duration of antibiotics based on evidence-practice guidelines. Besides that, to assess the attitude of dentists toward antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional structured and validated questionnaire addressing demographic, educational, and professional data. It also measured their attitude regarding antibiotics prescription, prophylaxis, and their uses in special populations. Analyses used descriptive statistics, and bivariate analysis to observe predictors of higher knowledge. Results: The reported average of antibiotics prescriptions per week was 11.67 in the present study, which agrees with the study conducted in Lebanon but higher than the outcomes of other studies, especially in developed countries. There are no significant changes regards the gender of prescribers. Amoxicillin was the most popular antibiotic prescribed by dentists in the present work (36%). The prime determinant to select antibiotics is the availability of commercial items (40%). There is a misconception and low knowledge among participants about the duration and alternatives of the antibiotic used in pregnancy. Most dentists are aware of antibiotic resistance (85%). Conclusion: the outcomes of the present study showed that there is an over-prescription of antibiotics among Yemeni dentists compared with other countries. This may correlate with the emergence of resistance and difficulty to treat just simple dental infections.
Experimental Study of Wear in Direct Lines of Pneumatic Conveying of Granular materials
Authors: Javidnia M.D Mohammad , Abdollahpour shamsollah
Published: April 2022

Pneumatic conveying is a suitable way conveying of particles. It costs several dollars to equip pneumatic conveying systems. One of the main problems in the pneumatic conveying system is the wear of the conveying lines. The mechanism of wear experiment was designed at the University of Tabriz. This paper investigates the wear on conveying lines and how to reduce it. The results and analysis of the experiments showed that SS 410 is the best among AA6063, SS 310, and SS 304 alloys. SS 410 has higher abrasion resistance. Higher conveying velocity has a significant effect on the wear rate. When the mass flow rate is increasing, the abrasion resistance of the conveying line is dependent on time. From the three granular particles, the abrasion behavior of wheat grain and barley are similar.
Assessing reintroduction outcome: comparison of the juvenile post-fledging dependence period between wild and reintroduced Bonelli’s eagles in two Mediterranean islands
Authors: EGEA-CASAS OLGA , LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ PASCUAL , ÁLVAREZ ERNESTO , CORTONE GIUSEPPE , GALÁN MANUEL , IGLESIAS-LEBRIJA JUAN JOSÉ , VALVO MARIO LO , MARTÍNEZ JUAN , MERLINO STEFANIA , VIADA CARLOTA , VITTORIO MASSIMILIANO DI
Published: April 2022

Islands are key areas for biodiversity; however, they are extremely sensitive to anthropic actions. This has led to local species extinctions, especially large predators such as raptors. Consequently, reintroduction and conservation projects aimed at reversing population decline of endangered species have recently gained popularity. Nevertheless, their relatively elevated cost and chance of failure make them controversial, hence assessing their effectiveness is essential. Within the early stages of raptors, the post-fledging dependency period (PFDP) is the one in which individuals must face dangers without having completely developed their skills. Thereby, comparing PFDP patterns concerning reintroduced and wild individuals is of major interest as it would help to plan and improve future conservation actions. We analyzed the behavior of 38 juvenile Bonelli’s eagles (15 reintroduced and 23 wild) tracked through GPS telemetry, tagged as nestlings in two insular environments. The study period encompassed a total of nine-year movement data from reintroduced chicks in Mallorca (Spain) and wild chicks from Sicily (Italy). Movement parameters (i.e., age of first flight, age of dispersal, length of the PFDP, revisits to the natal or release area, and residence time in them) were analyzed together with their behavior during the PFDP for reintroduced and wild individuals. Similar movement patterns were obtained for both origins, although wild individuals revisited the natal site more often and dispersed earlier. Behavior was also similar, it varied throughout the PFDP, observing a more abrupt progress in wild individuals and an earlier development of travelling and hunting behaviors. Observed differences are probably related to food availability, which can improve body condition and thus delay onset of dispersal, together with parental presence, which can prompt an earlier ending of the PFDP by encouraging juvenile independence.
Substance P enhances doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-associated autophagy and reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Chen Fa-Xiu , Hu Jian , Fang Jing , Li Qing-Ling , Wan Qin , Peng Le
Published: April 2022

Background: Anthracyclines, including doxorubicin, are some of the most potent anticancer drugs available. However, the use of doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent is severely hindered by dose-limiting toxicity, particularly cardiotoxicity, while degrading other organ systems. Despite years of use and the number of details published on this drug, the understanding of its cellular mechanisms remains limited. Method: Cardiomyocyte grouping was carried out, where H9C2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into a control group, a myocardial model group, an SP(Substance P) group, and an SP antagonist group. For replication in animal models, twelve rats were similarly randomly assigned into a control group, a myocardial model group, an SP group, and an SP antagonist group. Except for the control group, the rats in the other groups were modelled: the rats were injected with adriamycin solution. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, while HE(Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining, TUNEL(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) stain, Western Blot detection, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to detect autophagy levels accordingly. All the results were analysed and carefully interpreted. Results: The tachykinin, substance P, is located mainly in sensory nerves and in the heart, where substance P-containing nerve fibres are often found around coronary vessels, making them ideally situated to detect changes in the myocardial environment. Apoptosis and autophagy are genetically regulated, evolutionary-conserved processes that regulate cell fate and are important for development, normal physiology, and a wide range of diseases. Recent studies show that despite the significant differences between these two processes, their regulation is closely connected and certain regulators are able to control both apoptosis and autophagy.Conclusions: In this study, the influence of substance P was discussed, providing possible molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy mediating heart failure due to doxorubicin therapy. Trial registration: (20192BBGL7D031) 2019-09-17.
JOB SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Mathematics Junior High School Teachers - Department of Education., M. Oco Richard , P. Jaudian Edmar ,   Mathematics Junior High School Teachers - Department of Education., Elvin G. Janubas Claude ,   Mathematics Junior High School Teachers - Department of Education.
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate and explore the impact of job satisfaction on the performance of Math junior teachers. To facilitate such concern, a survey questionnaire was used to determine the level of job satisfaction with indicators covering compensation and benefits, leadership of administrators, social relationship, and work environment.Data mining on teachers IPCRF rating were also collected that served as the basis for performance. Unstructured Interviews to the respondents were done by the researcher to validate the gathered data. Frequency, Percentage, Mean, T-test were the statistical tools used in this research. The results showed that teachers overall job satisfaction level for compensation and benefits and social relationships were at a strongly satisfied level while leadership of administrators and work environment were at a satisfied level. In terms of level performance, 70% of the teachers were at outstanding level and 25% were at very satisfactory level.All job satisfaction demographics namely: compensation and benefits, leadership of administrators, social relationship and work environment showed significant difference towards teachers performance. Thus, a satisfied teacher can also become a productive and performing teacher.