bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy in Less Industrialized Countries: Challenges, Opportunities, and Acceptance
Authors: Raineri Ricardo , Binder Jeffrey , Cohen Adam , Muller Antonio
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a holistic framework to assist less industrialized countries in adopting nuclear energy (NE) for peaceful purposes, amid the challenges and opportunities this entails. It underscores the pressing need for sustainable and secure energy solutions, proposing NE as a viable option. The study aims to delve into the technical, social, economic, regulatory, and policy aspects of NE’s development and its broader applications beyond conventional power generation, such as in industrial processes, medical applications, agricultural advancements, and mining activities, specifically targeting less industrialized regions. Employing a systematic review of existing practices, the paper identifies and examines barriers to NE adoption, alongside strategies to mitigate these issues. Findings suggest that NE can play a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and scientific progress, potentially sparking the emergence of new industries within these countries. However, significant obstacles—namely governance, public acceptance, safety, security, development of expertise, and securing financing—pose considerable challenges. The paper concludes that a strategic and well-coordinated deployment of NE is essential for driving socio-economic growth and environmental sustainability in less industrialized countries. It emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive planning and international collaboration to fully unlock NE’s potential, advocating for a multi-faceted approach to overcome the identified hurdles.
Unraveling Elastic Fiber-Derived Signaling in Arterial Aging and Related Arterial Diseases
Authors: Wang Mingyi , McGraw Kimberly R , Monticone Robert E , Pintus Gianfranco
Published: November 2024

Arterial stiffening is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and arterial aneurysms or dissections. The destruction of elastic fibers, accompanied by vascular inflammatory remodeling, is a key process in the progression of arterial stiffening and related pathologies. In young, healthy arteries, intact elastic fibers create a resilient microenvironment that maintains the quiescence of vascular cells. However, with advancing age, these elastic fibers undergo non-enzymatic modifications, such as oxidation, glycosylation, and calcification, leading to their eventual degeneration. This degeneration results in the release of degraded peptides and the formation of an inflammatory, stiffened niche. Elastic fibers degeneration profoundly impacts the phenotypes and behaviors of various vascular cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and mast cells. Notably, the degraded elastic fibers release elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), which act as potent inflammatory molecules. EDPs activate various vascular cellular processes, including inflammatory secretion, cell migration, proliferation, and calcification, by interacting with the elastin receptor complex (ERC). These elastin-related cellular events are commonly observed with aging and in diseased arteries. These findings suggest that the degeneration of the elastic fiber meshwork is a primary event driving arterial inflammation, stiffening, and adverse remodeling with advancing age. Therefore, preserving elastic fibers and blocking the EDP/ERC signaling pathways may offer promising therapeutic strategies for mitigating age-related arterial remodeling and related arterial diseases.
Design of a Waste Classification System Using a Low Experimental Cost Capacitive Sensor and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: VesgaFerreira Juan Carlos , Perez Waltero Harold Esneider , Vesga Barrera Jose Antonio
Published: November 2024

The management and classification of solid waste is one of the most important challenges worldwide. The objective is to design a basic waste classification system at the source using a low-cost experimental capacitive sensor and Machine Learning algorithms. For this, two types of sensor models were established (Traditional Model (MT) and Non-Traditional Model (MNT)), which were built with recyclable material and tested with different types of materials, in order to evaluate their behavior and sensitivity level. According to the results obtained, it was possible to show that the two sensors responded with adequate levels of sensitivity for each of the materials used as a test, however, the MNT model was the one that generated the values with the greatest variability, an aspect that is considered of great relevance, because, thanks to this type of response to various types of materials, it facilitates the classification processes through the use of Machine Learning algorithms. Finally, the two prototypes of sensors manufactured can be considered of great importance for the development of more complex solutions, related to the classification and possible characterization of materials, in comparison with the capacitive sensors found on the market, which only they allow to identify if there is presence or not of some object through adjustment by potentiometer, generating as a result a digital output. This aspect largely limits the use of commercial capacitive sensors to applications exclusively related to presence or level detection.
Extracting the Most Relevant Information from Bio-Photonic Data: A Constrained Maximum Entropy Methodology
Authors: Bernardini Papalia Rosa
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a Constrained Maximum Entropy (CME) approach to extract knowledge from bio-photonic data. More specifically, we discuss the main issues related to this new type of data and show the potential of the CME methodology to introduce both a priori knowledge and data constraints to efficiently analyze bio-photon data. The advantage in our view is that it is possible to find the most unbiased bio photons distribution, that is the distribution which has the maximum entropy among the class of distributions satisfying constraints imposed by given knowledge and being least uncommitted to information not yet available. Then, we go a step further and suggest that the quantitative and qualitative constraints of the CME formulation based on accurate bio-photon emissions will provide a powerful new tool to monitor changes in biological systems and will be used to identify potential unstable states and evaluate the effect of a new treatment on a biological system.
RNA Structure: Historical and Future Perspectives
Authors: Haseltine William A. , Patarca Roberto
Published: November 2024

First believed to be a simple intermediary between the information encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid and that functionally displayed in proteins, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is now known to have many functions through its abundance and intricate, ubiquitous, diverse, and dynamic structure. About 70-90% of the human genome is transcribed into protein-coding and noncoding RNAs as main determinants along with regulatory sequences of cellular to populational biological diversity. From the nucleotide sequence or primary structure, through Watson-Crick pairing self-folding or secondary structure, to compaction via longer distance Watson-Crick and non-Watson-Crick interactions or tertiary structure, and interactions with other biopolymers or quaternary structure, or with metabolites or quinary structure, RNA structure plays a critical role in RNA’s lifecycle from transcription to decay. In contrast to the success with 3-dimensional protein structure prediction using AlphaFold, determining and predicting RNA tertiary and beyond structures remains challenging. However, many approaches have been introduced or are being worked on relying on the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence, sequencing of RNA and its modifications, and structural analyses at the single cell and intact tissue levels, among others. These approaches provide an optimistic outlook for the continued development and refinement of RNA-based applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Application of a Mixture of Fly Ash and Solid Waste from Gas Treatment from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in Cement Mortar
Authors: Pietrzak Alina , Ulewicz Małgorzata , Kozień Ewa , Pietraszek Jacek
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes the effective use of a mixture of fly ash (MSWI-FA) and solid waste from flue gas treatment (MSWI-SW), which are by-products of the municipal waste incineration process. MSWI-FA (19 01 13*) and MSWI-SW (19 01 07*) are classified as hazardous waste due to their toxic metal content and leaching potential and currently lack practical applications, unlike slag and bottom ash (19 01 12). This study tested these wastes as partial substitutes for natural sand within a range of 0–20% of cement mass. Statistical analysis of the experimental results allowed the creation of good quality models predicting the effect of substitution additives on compressive strength and flexural strength (correlation 0.91 and 0.93, respectively). The mixture with the highest share of substitution additives (40% = 20% + 20%) was characterized by a decrease in compressive strength by 1.3% and flexural strength by 25.8%. Cement mortars synthesized with the waste mixture (up to 20% of each component) showed slightly lower consistency and water absorption than the control mortars. After the frost resistance tests (25 cycle), the flexural and compressive strength showed ambiguous behavior, showing both increases and decreases, indicating that the percentage of waste components alone is an insufficient set of factors for predicting these strength properties. The concentration of metal ions, i.e. Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr in the eluate after the leaching tests did not exceed the legal levels of pollutants introduced into waters, with the exception of barium. However, its content did not exceed the permissible levels required for waste intended for landfill. Using the mixing plant for this waste in the amount of 20% each, we save about EUR 10 in the cost of purchasing sand and EUR 8 in the cost of environmental fees when producing 1 m3 of mortar). The proposed technology is compatible with the objectives of a sustainable economy.
Migraine Friendly Workspace - A Swiss Brain Health Initiative
Authors: Gantenbein Andreas R. , Wegener Susanne , Schankin Christoph Josef , Kleinschmidt Adreas
Published: November 2024

Migraine affects around one billion individuals worldwide, many in their working life, leading to significant personal and societal burden. As the modern working environments continue to change, as do expectations of new generations of employees. The importance of creating migraine friendly workspaces becomes pressing. The Swiss Headache Society’s migraine friendly workspace (MFWS) proposal aims at reducing direct and indirect costs associated with migraine in the workspace and provides practical recommendations and interventions for designing environments that promote employee well-being and productivity.
Estrategias de enseñanza de la física en el bachillerato basadas en la didáctica del razonamiento proporcional
Authors: Solís Hernández Ulises , Oropeza Villalobos Beatriz
Published: November 2024

El pensamiento proporcional no ha sido suficientemente aprovechado en la enseñanza de la física a pesar de que esta habilidad es una característica más del pensamiento científico. En este trabajo se muestra cómo la didáctica específica de la proporcionalidad puede aplicarse a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las asignaturas de física de nivel bachillerato. Esta didáctica desarrolla el pensamiento proporcional en los estudiantes, al mismo tiempo que se utiliza para introducir conceptos físicos, estudiar la relación matemática entre variables físicas y desarrollar habilidades en la resolución de problemas. Como ejemplo de esta propuesta didáctica, se presentan dos estrategias educativas aplicadas a grupos del Instituto de Educación Media Superior de la Ciudad de México (IEMS) para introducir conceptos de física apoyadas en el razonamiento proporcional. Con las estrategias se consigue que los estudiantes, guiados por el docente, comprendan la dependencia variacional entre los conceptos físicos y ocupen nuevos métodos para resolver problemas basados en la razón unitaria.
Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Beşeri Sermaye ile Bankacılık Sektör Gelişimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi
Authors: Tekbaş Murat
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı bankacılık sektör gelişimi, geniş para arzı ile ekonomik büyümenin beşeri sermaye üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu çalışmada seçilmiş (Brezilya, Hindistan, Rusya, Çin ve Güney Afrika) gelişmekte olan ülkelerde beşeri sermaye ile finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki 2001 – 2019 dönemi için araştırılmaktadır. Seriler arasındaki ilişki FMOLS ve DOLS yöntemleriyle analiz edilmştir. Ayrıca nedensellik ilişkisi için Dumitrescu-Hurlin nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda; FMOLS ve DOLS yöntemi sonuçları finansal gelişmeyi temsilen modele dahil edilen bankalar tarafından özel sektöre verilen yurt içi kredilerin (DCBANK) beşeri sermaye üzerinde pozitif katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Finansal gelişmeyi temsilen kullanılan diğer değişken olan geniş para arzının (BRDMON) ise beşeri sermayeyi olumsuz etkilediği sonucu elde edilmiştir.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmanın Brezilya, Hindistan, Rusya, Çin ve Güney Afrika örneklemi için yapılması ve ortak verilerinin bulunduğu dönem olan 2001-2019 yılları sınırlılıklarıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Çalışma alanda sıklıkla kullanılan finansal gelişme göstergelerinden farklı olarak kullanılan bankacılık sektör gelişiminin beşeri sermaye üzerindeki etkisini incelemesi ve dünya nüfusunun %41’ini temsil eden gelişmekte olan ülkeler için yapılması ile literatürden ayrışmaktadır.
COMPARED ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE OUTREACH OF A TOWER CRANE LOAD WITH SINGLE AND DOUBLE MATHEMATICAL PENDULUMS
Authors: Loveikin Viacheslav , Romasevych Yuriy , Stekhno Olexij
Published: November 2024

The article presents a comparative analysis of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the transient start-up mode of the trolley movement mechanism of a tower crane. The single and double mathematical pendulums effects are stressed. The study was carried out using parameters corresponding to the physical model of the tower crane boom system, which is located in the laboratory of machine dynamics of the Department of Machine and Equipment Design of NULES of Ukraine.
In the course of the comparative analysis, it was found that the use of a flexible load suspension model as single or double mathematical pendulum does not significantly affect the magnitude and the change in the force in the traction rope and the speed of the trolley. However, the model influences the phase trajectory of load pendulum oscillations.
The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the deviation from the vertical of a flexible load suspension by using a single and double mathematical pendulum models were compared. It was established that during the first second of movement, the results of experimental studies of load deflections are closer to the double pendulum model. After the first second of movement, the results of experimental studies are closer to the single pendulum model.
REVIEW OF METHODS FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL AT INTERSECTIONS AND TRAFFIC SIGNAL CYCLE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Skliarov Oleksii , Selevych Serhii
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the regulation of traffic at intersections and evaluates different types of intersections such as signal-controlled, roundabouts, and uncontrolled intersections. Traffic regulation plays a crucial role in ensuring both safety and efficiency. Roundabouts, while reducing the number of conflict points and increasing traffic capacity, can be challenging for drivers unfamiliar with them and are less effective at high-traffic intersections. Uncontrolled intersections are cost-effective and simple but pose safety risks due to unclear traffic priorities and are unsuitable for high-traffic areas. Signal-controlled intersections, although more expensive to install and maintain, offer a high degree of flexibility and can efficiently handle heavy traffic while reducing the risk of accidents. The article further explores different types of traffic lights, including fixed, adaptive, and intelligent systems. Fixed traffic lights operate on predetermined cycles, offering simplicity but lacking adaptability. Adaptive traffic lights use real-time data to optimize traffic flow dynamically. Intelligent traffic lights integrate advanced technologies like AI and V2X communication to predict and manage traffic, improving safety and reducing emissions. However, they require significant infrastructure investment and data management. In conclusion, the choice of traffic regulation method depends on specific urban needs, with modern technologies offering enhanced safety and efficiency, though often at a higher implementation cost.
CRITERION MODEL OF MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Slavych Viacheslav , Savchenko Maksym
Published: November 2024

There are various methods of controlling traffic lights at intersections, which are based on different principles and criteria for changing modes of traffic flow regulation. Modern traffic light control systems include methods that can automatically change the parameters of the traffic light cycle in accordance with the provided input conditions. The creation and implementation of such management models of regulated intersections and their components is an urgent task that helps to solve various traffic problems. This paper proposes the development of a model of a traffic light control system at an urban intersection with a classic x-shaped configuration, which has four approaches to it. A standard two-phase traffic light control system is installed at the intersection, which can adapt the main parameters of its operation according to a given control criterion, such as a predetermined fixed number of cars accumulating during the period of the prohibited signal at the traffic light. Such a system will be particularly important for intersections where a limited accumulation of cars must be established for one or all available approaches. Introducing such an artificial restriction will help solve the problem of traffic jams at the intersection. In the case when a large number of cars accumulates during the prohibited signal period according to the classic parameters of traffic light regulation, the proposed control system will help regulate the length of the accumulated queue depending on the necessary parameters for certain intersections.
USE OF VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS TO MONITOR AND CONTROL THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS
Authors: Cherkashyn Dmytro , Saienko Oleksii , Hubskyi Serhii
Published: November 2024

The paper provides an analysis of vibrations arising during the operation of automotive components, which is an effective tool for diagnosing and monitoring the technical condition of automotive components. It allows timely detection of mechanical faults, such as imbalance, bearing wear, and damage to engine components. The use of the Fast Fourier Transform and spectrogram increases the accuracy of the analysis, especially in conditions of variable vibration frequencies, providing continuous monitoring and support of automotive systems.
JUSTIFICATION OF WORKING CONDITIONS DURING OPERATION OF TRANSPORT - TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT
Authors: Yanchyk Olexander , Krasnokutskyi Volodymyr , Kurtov Dmytro , Martynenko Mikoly
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the state of occupational injuries under martial law at a motor transport enterprise when performing maintenance and repair of transport and technological machinery and equipment. As a result, there was a need to develop methods of expert evaluation of criteria that ensure safe working conditions for workers when performing work in extreme conditions for the operation and repair of transport and technological machinery and equipment. The practical significance of the work is to provide effective assistance to labor protection specialists and heads of structural subdivisions of an enterprise to reduce the level of occupational injuries by conducting an expert assessment of the state of working conditions in order to prevent accidents at work and preserve the health of employees.
Bireylerin Anksiyete Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi ve İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Ünkür Pınar , Türkoğlu Mesut Can
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırmada bireylerin anksiyete okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve sosyodemografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel tipte yürütülen araştırma verileri, anksiyete okuryazarlığı ölçeği ve sosyodemografik veri formu kullanılarak Ocak-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki 245 kişiye yüz yüze ve çevrimiçi ortamda anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların anksiyete okuryazarlığı ölçeğine vermiş oldukları yanıtlar doğrultusunda 22 madde üzerinden 10,11 ortalama ile (%45,97) örneklemin yarısından daha azının anksiyete hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve yakın çevrede ruhsal hastalık geçiren kişilerin mevcut olması değişkenleri ile anksiyete okuryazarlığı arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Yaş, medeni durum, aylık gelir durumu ve COVID-19 tanısı alma durumu ile anksiyete okuryazarlığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, genel popülasyonun anksiyete hakkında yeterli bilgi ve bilinç düzeyine sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Anksiyete okuryazarlığı bağlamında, dezavantajlı gruplar başta olmak üzere tüm topluma yönelik uygun ruh sağlığı eğitimlerinin düzenlenmesi, ayrıca yürütülecek ruh sağlığı politikalarının gelecekteki araştırmalarda etkinliğinin ölçülmesi önerilmektedir.
VLNA CHOLERY 1831–1832 V URBÁRNOM PROSTREDÍ SPIŠA V PERCEPCII MATRIČNÝCH ZÁZNAMOV RÍMSKOKATOLÍCKEJ CIRKVI – HISTORICKODEMOGRAFICKÁ SONDA
Authors: Liška Anton
Published: November 2024

The paper focuses on the analysis of the course of cholera in the years 1831–1832
in two free royal cities (Kežmarok, Levoča) and five small towns of Spiš (Hranovnica,
Ľubica, Podolínec, Spišské Vlachy, Švedlár). The study employs historical demography
to examine the mortality rates of cholera victims and other causes of death within the
specified calendar year. In addition, the natural population change and the proportion
of victims of the epidemic by age and sex are investigated, as well as the timing of the
epidemic, including the identification of its peak phase. The source base of the research
is the Roman Catholic registers of baptisms (born) and burials (deceased), historical
schematisms of the Diocese of Spiš and Rožňav from 1831 and 1832, and statistical data
published by Ladislav Nagy capturing the size of the population of Hungary at the end
of the 1820s.
Current Transformation Challenges of National Transport and Logistics Systems under Conditions of Sanctions
Authors: Kapski D. V. , Larin O. N. , Wende F. D. , Arsky A. A. , Zhiltsov D. A. , Zhiltsova O. N.
Published: November 2024

The transport and logistics systems of most states of the Eurasian continent at the present stage of their development are in a stage of active transformation. This process is evolutionary in nature. However, due to the impact of external factors (pandemic, trade wars, sanctions, etc.), the dynamics of transformation processes take on non-linear development trajectories. The study of the characteristics of such processes is of fundamental and applied interest for transport and economic science. Developments on this issue are used to determine priorities for the development of infrastructure facilities of transport and logistics systems. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to the transformation of transport and logistics systems. In the article, the authors analyzed the dynamics of volumetric performance indicators of individual types of transport and characterized their systemic interconnectedness in serving market needs. High variability in the average transportation distance by road transport was revealed with a general reduction in transportation volumes. This circumstance indicates a redistribution of the transport capacity of road carriers to main routes due to changes in foreign trade relations under the influence of external factors. High variability reduces the quality and increases the cost of transportation on local and intraregional routes. The article proposes a set of measures to level out the negative effects in the operation of certain types of transport, which are caused by the influence of external factors; transformation of transport and logistics systems is necessary. Transformation projects should provide for the systematic development of infrastructure in promising directions for the delivery of foreign trade cargo for the prompt redistribution of cargo flows along national sections of international transport corridors. It is also necessary to ensure that the throughput capacities of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities are balanced with the future parameters of cargo flows in compliance with reservation standards. To organize the interaction of different modes of transport and redistribute cargo flows along multimodal routes, it is necessary to form a network of multimodal transport and logistics centers of the hub type.
Preliminary evaluations of a upscaled falling film plasma reactor for the degradation of organic pollutants in water
Authors: Milardovich N. J. , Santamaría B. , Fina B. L. , Chamorro J. C. , Fischfeld G. , Prevosto L.
Published: November 2024

Preliminary evaluations of a upscaled falling film plasma reactor for the degradation of aqueous organic pollutants in batch operation mode are reported. A pulsed corona discharge in humid air is excited by short voltage pulses (< 100 ns) generated by a capacitive–storage power source and a high–pressure gas spark–gap. The number of wires of the high–voltage electrode as well as the interelectrode gap distance is selected in the experiments to improve the impedance matching between the pulsed power source and the reactor. Indigo carmine is chosen as the reference pollutant. 20 L of indigo carmine solution are completely decolored after 11 min treatment for a reactor mean power of 33 W. The electrical–energy efficiency per order of the processes is 0.25 kWh/m3. The generation of reactive species is also assessed in both the liquid and gas phases. Very low concentrations of NO2– and NO3– ions are found, practically not causing water acidification. The main gaseous species produced by the corona discharge are O3 and HO2 radicals. In addition, a kinetic model of the reactor is presented and compared with measured data. The results indicate that reactions in the stagnant liquid film next to the gas–liquid interface are essential to explain the measured removal rates. The rapid kinetic regime of the liquid film strongly accelerates the uptake rates of HO2 (rapidly converted to O2–) and O3, which far exceed the uptake rates predicted by the mass transfer coefficient for a reactionless film.
Determination of the time-frequency features for impulse components in EEG signals
Authors: Filimonova Natalia , Specovius-Neugebauer Maria , Friedmann Elfriede
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Accurately identifying the timing and frequency characteristics of impulse components in EEG signals is essential but limited by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Inspired by the visual system's ability to identify objects and their locations, we propose a new method that integrates a visual system model with wavelet analysis to calculate both time and frequency features of local impulses in EEG signals.
Methods:
We develop a mathematical model based on invariant pattern recognition by the visual system, combined with wavelet analysis using Krawtchouk functions as the mother wavelet.
Results:
Our method precisely identifies the localization and frequency characteristics of the impulse components in EEG signals. Tested on task-related EEG data, it accurately detected blink components (0.5 to 1 Hz) and separated muscle artifacts (16 Hz). It also identified muscle response durations (298 ms) within the 1 to 31 Hz range in emotional reaction studies, offering insights into both individual and typical emotional responses. We further illustrated how the new method circumvents the uncertainty principle in low-frequency wavelet analysis.
Conclusion:
Unlike classical wavelet analysis, our method provides spectral characteristics of EEG impulses invariant to time shifts, improving the identification and classification of EEG components.
Effects of the global and regional climate events of the Eocene on the Pan-American provinces of marine molluscs
Authors: Morales-Ortega Priscila , Gonzalez-Barba Gerardo
Published: November 2024

The phylum Mollusca is a well-studied group in the Eocene epoch due to the radiation and extensive redistribution of families globally. However, these phenomena were “interrupted” by progressive and abrupt events in the geological, environmental, and climatic global conditions during the Early Eocene (hyperthermal), Middle Eocene (cooling trend and sudden warming), and Late Eocene (‘cooling’). In recent years, attempts have been made to correlate faunal associations of molluscs to understand regional paleoenvironmental changes and changes in the geographical redistribution of species. In this study, we correlate the faunistic assemblages of marine molluscs among four provinces: Northeastern Pacific Ocean Province (NEPP), Southeastern Pacific Ocean Province (SEPP), Caribbean Province (CP or Caribbean), and Gulf Province (GP or Gulf). The provinces of the northern hemisphere (NEPP, GP, and CP) reflected a closer interprovincial relationship. The Tethys current, at least during the Ypresian and Lutetian stages, allowed this faunal exchange, where the 'Central American seaway' was crucial. Moreover, our study shows that the maximum marine biodiversity of molluscs coincides with hyperthermal events. For the NEPP during the Ypresian (Early Eocene Climatic Optimum), while for the GP during the Bartonian (Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum). The Priabonian of the NEPP was a period of redistribution, possibly due to the dynamics of the surface currents of the northwestern Pacific. Meanwhile, cooling caused a significant reduction of taxa in the GP. Moreover, the SEPP during the Bartonian and Priabonian is correlated to the provinces of the northern hemisphere, which could be explained by the displacement of the South American plate towards the north and by the persistence of affinity of the Tethys fauna (Tethys Realm).
Alleviating the salinity stress on strawberry using plant growth promoting micro-organisms
Authors: Santhoshkumar G , Bhowmick Nilesh , Chakraborty Aditi , Roy Ayon , Sinha Abhas , Mandal Somnath , Sindhu V , Prudveesh Kantamraju , Mandal Subhadeep , Ghosh Souvik
Published: November 2024

Strawberry is a surface feeder, herbaceous plant and considered as nutrient responsive, salt sensitive crop which requires judicious amount of nutrients, moisture for quality fruit production. Strawberry is traditionally grown in north eastern and western India including Gangetic plains. However, salt affected areas in southern and western India limits the further commercial area expansion under this crop. It has been reported that under salt stress the beneficial micro-organisms lead to alter the growth and development of strawberry plants by adjusting hormonal balance, enhancing nutrient status, solubilization of mineral phosphates, and producing plant growth regulators. An experiment was conducted at the Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during 2020-21. The microorganisms and their combinations such as untreated control (T1), Azotobacter (T2), Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (T3), Trichoderma (T4), Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (T5), Azotobacter + Trichoderma (T6), Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Trichoderma (T7), Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Trichoderma (T8) were applied as soil drenching. The maximum growth characteristics was recorded with T1 (control) due to no salt stress condition. The soil drenching of Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Trichoderma (T8) were found to be significantly most effective in increasing the plant height (11.96 cm), number of leaves per plant (5.80), shoot length (10.85 cm), root length (13.24 cm), shoot fresh weight (24.07 g), root fresh weight (6.42 g), shoot dry weight (4.59 g), root dry weight (1.01 g), leaf chlorophyll content (44.96 SPAD unit), number of crowns plant-1 (7.13), salt tolerance ratio (0.95), leaf nitrogen (1.64%), phosphorous (0.62%), potassium content (1.59%) and lowest sodium content in leaves was recorded with T1 (0.90%) followed by T8 (1.01%). The combined application of Azotobacter + Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria + Trichoderma showed positive results on plant growth, salt tolerance, phosphate solubilization and atmospheric nitrogen fixation under salt stress condition.
Assessment of neonicotinoids toxicity and their risk to honeybee under caged and open field ecosystem
Authors: Naseema H , R Harischandra Naik , Ratnamma P , Babu Kisan , Bheemanna M , R Badariprasad P , M Saraswathi
Published: November 2024

Neonicotinoids are known to affect the behavior of honeybees significantly leading to the loss of colony fitness. Most chemicals are not directly lethal to bees, but the sublethal doses of certain chemicals can adversely affect bees on olfactory learning and memory, as well as visual learning which has been reported globally. Keeping the objective of elucidating the effect two most used neonicotinoids in diverse ecosystems over a period of time, the present study was conducted to record the toxicity of imidacloprid, 17.8% SL at field application rate followed by the decreasing concentration (44, 4, 3, 2, and 1µL/mL) and clothianidin 50% WDG (125, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 2 µg/mL) on honeybee. A series of experiments such as ingestion test, ingestion after starvation test, indirect contact test, topical assay test, and semi-field test followed by field test was conducted and recorded an increase in the percent mortality for the increasing concentrations of the neonicotinoids with the exposure period. It was also recorded that the lethal concentration for neonicotinoid was found significantly lower. The LC50, LD50, LC99, and LD99 estimated through probit analysis recorded in similar trend along the exposure period. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) is significantly increased with the exposure period (11574 at 3 HAT and 18825 at 48 HAT) for both insecticides. This study highlighted the extremely low concentration of neonicotinoids could pose a potential toxic effect on bees and that could lead to the overall behavior of honeybee.
Optimization of Selection Agent Concentrations and Expanding G418 Utility for Gentamicin Resistance in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Poormassalehgoo Andisheh , Kaniecka Elżbieta , Mirzaei Mohamadreza , Goto-Yamada Shino
Published: November 2024

Genetic transformation of plants is pivotal for advancing biotechnology, with success depending largely on effective selection methods. Marchantia polymorpha has emerged as a model plant due to its evolutionary importance, ease of manipulation, and simple genetic structure. However, inconsistent antibiotic performance and limited studies on optimal selection agent concentrations have posed challenges. This study aimed to optimize selection agent use in M. polymorpha genetic transformation. We assessed the effects of five antibiotics (hygromycin, kanamycin, G418, neomycin, and gentamicin) and the herbicide chlorsulfuron on M. polymorpha gemmae growth. For each agent, we identified the minimum lethal concentration for nontransgenic plants and safe thresholds for transgenics, balancing false-positive prevention with reduced toxicity. Hygromycin, G418, and chlorsulfuron exhibited broad selective concentration ranges, enabling efficient transformant selection. Notably, we observed cross-activity of the gentamicin resistance enzyme with G418, a phenomenon also seen in tobacco. This study effectively determined optimal concentrations of selective agents for M. polymorpha gemmae transformation. Additionally, the unexpected cross-activity underscores the need for careful marker selection and highlights potential for strategic antibiotic use. Our findings enhance transformation protocols for M. polymorpha and possibly other plant species.
Green synthesis and Characterization of Acacia nilotica derived silver nanoparticles and their insecticidal potential against three important mosquito vectors
Authors: Bruntha R. , Lokeshwaran S , Subala SP
Published: November 2024

In the present study, the bark extract of Acacia nilotica plant was used to green synthesis and Characterization of Silver nanoparticles and check their insecticidal potential against three important mosquito vectors such as Aedes aegyptii, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Our research aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of plant extract combined with nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDax techniques (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis confirms with the peak at 420 nm showed the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. SEM confirms the spherical shape of nanoparticles and EDAX revealed chemical components of Ag, N, and Oxygen with a strong elemental signal in association with distinct peak for Ag was confirmed at 3.15keV. XRD was determined the crystalline properties of the silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The antioxidant potential of Acacia nilotica bark extract using AgNP was determined by DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. DPPH and hydroxyl activities of AgNP showed the highest inhibition of 63% and 84%, while ABTS analysis showed 58%. Antibacterial activity shows highest level of activity against S. pyrogens, P. aeruginosa and P.vulgaris. Larvicidal potential of AgNPs recorded good mortality rate against Aedes aegypti., Anopheles stephensi., Culex quinquefasciatus. This study confirms the maximum activity of AgNPs and acts as larvicidal, adulticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents.
Insight into perceived Positive Health of healthcare professionals. What can be done to improve and stabilize the perceived Positive Health?
Authors: Warta Sanne , Hoonte-Veehof Martine te , Schoonen Carlinde , Hogen-Koster Sandra
Published: November 2024

Background
The shortage of healthcare professionals, combined with the aging population, is leading to increasing pressure on healthcare professionals. To ensure that healthcare professionals are able to do their work and ensure good patient care, it is important to focus on their own health. Positive Health is a health-oriented approach and can be used for understanding and enhancing the health and well-being of healthcare professionals. The aim of the study is to gain insight in the perceived health, personal goals and how to improve or stabilise the Positive Health of employees of a large tertiary hospital in the Netherlands.
Methods
A qualitative study design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees (n = 15) of the Cardiology and Rheumatology department, using the Positive Health tool. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis.
Results
Employees are satisfied with their health or a specific part of their health, also when there are health complaints as well. There were personal goals in several themes being: lifestyle changes, balance, self-development, meaningfulness and social interaction. What is needed to achieve personal goals varies, also within the themes. To enhance well-being, employers can provide supervisor support, empower control over hours, create a pleasant environment, offer fruit, provide challenging opportunities, and integrate Positive Health principles.
Conclusion
In general, the interviewed employees experienced good Positive Health despite the presence of complaints. To enhance employee health, both work-related and personal measures were needed. The Positive Health approach was appreciated by employees and can be valuable for employers to gain insight into how to support employee health. This is particularly important given the growing pressure on the healthcare system.
Vision-Driven Adaptive Welding Solutions for the Top Three Challenges in Welding Fabrication
Authors: Asadi Mahyar , Ashoori Ahmad , Afshar Mehrnoosh , Sheikhshab Ali , Scheerer Todd , Kaspardlov Austin , Bagheri Soroush , Firouz Sina , Karimzadeh Soroush
Published: November 2024

With experience in more than over 100 robotic deployments in pipe prefabrication and a decade-long dedication to welding automation, we've pinpointed the key challenges, notably fit-up variation, tack adaptation, and live seam tracking. We engineered an innovative adaptive welding solution that integrates the perceptual and cognitive abilities of welders into articulated robots. This system dynamically responds to real-time welding scenarios, effectively tackling associated challenges. Unlike existing methods reliant on pre-scanning or laser readings before welding, our vision-based adaptive welding technology operates instantaneously, replicating the expertise of proficient human welders. The outcome is a consistent delivery of high-quality welds. Given the widespread advancement of AI, the heart of the adaptive welding system must skillfully manage diverse welding conditions, covering different joint preparations, types, positions, thicknesses, materials, and beyond. Addressing the necessity of training the AI core requires navigating through diverse practical challenges in deployments. Leveraging our expertise in deploying various methodologies, we ultimately provide an efficient solution for training the welding AI, primed for widespread deployment across high-mix low-volume applications. This solution incorporates a data tracing and monitoring platform across deployments, enhancing ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) functionality, and providing insights into welding operations, historical performance analytics, and problem tracking with proactive improvements.
Assessment of current knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare providers toward medical research in southwest Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sulayyim Hadi Al , Alrashah Ali , Mansour Ali Al , Sleem Fahad Al , Alfaifi Yahiya , Alshahi Mansour , Alkhudeer Ali , Hutaylah Hassan Al , Allajam Yousef , Alkhurais Abdullah , Alfaifi Noura , Majrshi Mansour , Sulayyim Abdullah Al
Published: November 2024

Background: Medical research is an essential in the medical field, which refers to use scientific methods to obtain better information with respect of human diseases, optimal treatment, prevention of diseases, and health promotion
Objectives: the current study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of healthcare providers (HCPs) toward medical research, motivating factors, and barriers that prevent them from conducting research, and identify associated factors with good knowledge and practice, and positive attitude.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a validated questionnaire was employed to gather data on the KAP of HCPs as well as the motivating factors and barriers that prevent from conducting research. Proportion (%), and median (IQR) were used to represent the data. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify associated factors with good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice.
Results: A total of 285 HCPs were included in the final analysis. Median (IQR) of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 43% (14%–57%), 100% (80%–100%), and 59% (33%–83%); respectively. The most reported motivators were strength the resume (91.80%) and fulfillment of work requirements (90.80%). The most reported barriers were lack of financial support (82.3%), poor time management (78.7%), no enough research facilities (75.2%), lack of motivation (74.8%), inadequate skills and knowledge (72.3%), and lack of rewards (71.6%). Good knowledge was significantly associated with taken research methodology course and qualification. Positive attitude was significantly associated with working place and qualification. Nationality and taken research methodology course were significantly associated good practice.
Conclusion: Although HCPs showed a positive attitude towards medical research, their knowledge and practice were poor. They are necessarily needed to amelioration. This amelioration can be achieved through effective and regular research methodology courses, workshops, and enhancement the research environment.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Novel Therapeutic Targets Uncovered by Integrative Analysis of Genetic Susceptibility and Spatial Transcriptomics
Authors: Chen Chun , Hang Lei , Zhang Linchao , Ullah Israr , Lv Jingrong
Published: November 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents a significant worldwide burden and with a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the molecular characteristics of cancer cells remain inadequately investigated. This study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), mendelian randomization (MR), and spatial transcriptomic analysis to explore hereditary factors and critical gene expressions. Data were sourced from public databases. Our findings revealed significant associations of genes PODXL2, SNTA1 with HNSCC, acting distinct roles in pathways as muscle contraction. Spatial transcriptomics pinpointed localized gene expression variations across 8 tissue samples, with pseudo-time analysis capturing cellular developmental trajectories. Drug sensitivity testing further identified candidate therapeutics. This work provides a multi-modal approach to identify molecular landscape and potential targets in HNSCC.
Towards sustainable aquafeeds: Microalgal (Nannochloropsis sp. QH25) co-product biomass can fully replace fishmeal in the feeds for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Sarker Pallab , Schoffstall Benjamin , Kapuscinski Anne , McKuin Brandi , Fitzgerald Devin , Greenwood Connor , O'Shelski Kira , Pasion Emily , Gwynne Duncan , Orcajo Diego Orcajo , Andrade Sofie , Nocera Pablo , Pablo Angelo San
Published: November 2024

Aquaculture, one of the world's most rapidly growing food sectors, faces several concerns about its sustainability. A major concern is using fishmeal and fish oil from ocean-derived small pelagic fish (sardine, anchovy, etc.) in aquaculture feed. The aquafeed industry is seeking new sustainable ingredientsto replace fish meal. This study focused on microalgal co-product, Nannochloropsis sp. QH25 co-product (leftover after oil extraction for nutraceuticals) is a novel aquafeed ingredient that can replace fishmeal in rainbow trout diets. A nutritional feeding experiment was conducted and compared fishmeal-containing rainbow trout diets with microalgal co-product that replaced fishmeal as follows: 0% replacement in reference diet (fishmeal, no microalgal co-product) and test diets with 33%, 66%, and 100% replacement of fishmeal using microalgal-product. Results showed the complete replacement diet yielded fish growth, feed conversion, and survival similar to the reference diet. Depositions of macronutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, macro minerals, and several trace elements in the filet were not significantly different across diets. Economic conversion ratio (ECR) analysis showed that the rainbow trout fed the 100% replacement diet had the lowest feed cost per kg of fish produced. Microalgal co-product can fully replace fishmeal in trout feed while maintaining fish performance, flesh composition, and cost-effectiveness.