bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Auditing the cesarean section rate by Robson’s ten group classification system at Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Khan Mehak Asim , Sohail Irum , Habib Maria
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To analyze the trends of cesarean sections, categorize them into Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS), to identify the groups contributing the most to overall lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) rate and to formulate strategies for reducing these rates. Study Design: Cross sectional population based study. Setting: Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) hospital, Islamabad. Period: From 1st Nov, 2017 to 30th April, 2018. Material & Methods: The births during this period were distributed into the RTGCS on the basis of past obstetric history and fetal characteristics along with mode of onset of labour. Overall LSCS rate was calculated and contribution of each group was analyzed separately by SPSS version 23. Results: Our study showed 617 LSCS out of 964 deliveries making a high LSCS rate of 64%. Group 5, 2 and 10 of RTGCS contributed to the majority of LSCS performed with the percentages of 47.5%, 18.5% and 12.8% respectively. Group 5 of RTGCS which contributed to the highest LSCS rate had 354 subjects which were previous scars out of which 199 had previous 1 scar making the percentage 56.21%. It contributed 32.3% to the overall LSCS rate. Conclusion: RTGCS is a very useful tool for auditing the LSCS rate at local, national and international levels. Once the LSCS are classified into specific RTGCS, analysis can be done about the reasons for the increasing rates of LSCS and then strategies can be devised to reduce them.
Pattern of BMI and associated factors in residents of Hussainabad aged 15 years and above.
Authors: Nazir Aftab , Usmani Rabia Arshad , Sarfraz Muhammad , Zakria Muhammad , Ghafoor Muhammad Umar , Nazir Marriam , Malik Shoaib Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To study the pattern of BMI and associated factors in residents of Hussainabad aged 15 years and above. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Hussainabad, Faisalabad. Period: 15th April to 23th August 2017. Material & Methods: A sample of 410 was obtained. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Results: Out of total 410 study participants, 250 (61%) were males and 160 (39%) were females. 258 (62.9%) participants were found having BMI in the range of overweight and obesity, 6 (1.4%) participants were underweight and the remaining 146 (36%) participants were having normal BMI range. Amongst 258 overweight/obese people, 83 (20.2%) people were overweight, 112 (27.3%) moderate obese, 30 (7.3%) severe obese and 33 (8.1%) very severe obese. Overall 175 (42.7%) people were suffering from obesity. 249 (60.7%) people were in habit of eating in between meals and 161 (39.3%) were not used to eating in between meals. 95 (23.1%) people eat four times a day and 55 (13.4%) people eat more than four times a day. Likeness and increased frequency of rice and meat [136 (33.2%) and (130 (31.7%)] was more than vegetables and pulses [(91 (22.2%) and (53 (12.9%)] respectively. 157 (38.3%) people were having nocturnal eating habits. 194 (47.3%) admitted of liking the sweets and sweet foods and 170 (41.5%) people admitted of eating more under stressful conditions. 130 (31.7%) participants don’t do any kind of physical activity. Conclusion: This study describes a high frequency of obesity among population of Hussainabad. Numerous health risk practices were identified including unhealthy dietary habits, eating sweet foods, increased meal frequency, snacking behavior and lack of physical activity.
Effectiveness of erythropoietin in correcting anemia in patients of chronic kidney disease.
Authors: Shakir Waqas , Khurshid Asim , Talib Muhammad Abu
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly normocytic and normochromic. The objective of current study was to see the effectiveness of erythropoietin in correcting anemia in children with CKD. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Nephrology, at The Children’s hospital and the institute of child health, Multan. Period: From March 2018 to September 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 79 children with CKD were enrolled in this study. A standard dose of erythropoietin 100 IU/kg was given s/c biweekly and after 4 weeks patients were assessed for improvement in Hemoglobin (Hb) level. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS-18. Results: Of the 79 cases, 48 (60.8%) were boys and 31 (39.2 %) girls. Mean age amongst cases was 9.92 ± 2.60 years and mean weight 19.65 ± 4.71 Kilograms. Mean baseline hemoglobin level of our study cases was 7.88 ± 1.09 gm/dl. Mean hemoglobin level after 4 weeks of therapy with Erythropoietin was 9.22 ± 1.04 gm/dl. Majority of our study cases i.e. 56 (70.88 %) were having stage 1 and 2 of CKD. Correction of anemia (effectiveness) was seen in 72 (91.1%) of our study cases. Conclusion: Recombinant human erythropoietin aid major improvement / correction of anemia in children with CKD. This drug can be safely used in children with CKD disease without any side effects such as hypertension.
Academic careers in global pulmonary and critical care medicine: perspectives from experts in the field
Authors: Papali Alfred , Diaz Janet V , Carter E Jane , Ferreira Juliana C , Fowler Rob , Gebremariam Tewodros H , Gordon Stephen B , Lee Burton W , Murthy Srinivas , Riviello Elisabeth D , West T Eoin , Adhikari Neill K J
Published: April 2020

Academic global pulmonary/critical care medicine (PCCM) remains a relatively novel concept not fully embraced by all training programs, so PCCM early-career professionals may have little guidance in building successful careers in this field. To highlight various approaches used by current PCCM faculty to incorporate global health into their academic careers, speakers from a global health careers mini symposia held at the 2017 and 2018 American Thoracic Society International Conferences were invited to submit perspectives reflecting on academic PCCM and global health. The collection of essays was collated into a single manuscript. Eight current global PCCM faculty from diverse geographic and professional backgrounds provide experiential guidance for early-career professionals interested in global academic PCCM. Trainees and junior faculty interested in academic global PCCM will find innumerable obstacles to developing this non-traditional career pathway, but there exist diverse pathways to success.
Health and psychological health in present time
Authors: Singh Sujeet , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Singh Rakhi
Published: April 2020

Just few centuries back our health concerns were more related to physical illness; a century back we had more concerns related to physiological health problems; since the last few decades we have more mental health concerns. But now with general observation, it seems we have more health concerns related to: emotions, motivations, feelings, imaginations, thoughts, etc.; well-being of all these may be categorized as “Psychological Health”. Though in present scenario “Psychological Health” is a relatively negligible term; may be because it does not attract much commercial interests. But if we analyze, all our being is based on Psychological Health. Psychological Health is based on interaction of our biological system with the society and the nature. Biological aspects needs biological intervention, and social and nature interactions needs psychological intervention; hence interdisciplinary. Majority of the health issues like cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, insomnia, depression, etc., has some link with Psychological Health. Quality sleep which is the basis of almost all health aspects has direct link with psychological health. Our behavior, relevancy and efficiency of our working, our comprehending ability, etc., are based on our Psychological Status. Thus we can say our happiness depends on Physiological Health; as better health, and better performance and good behavior, makes us happy and satisfied. We have explored in this article importance of Psychological Health, in context to overall health related to: thoughts, superiority, romance, learning, physical activity, etc; and for what interventions can be made, at both psychological and physical level. As our topic may interest even common individual, hence language has been purposely kept simple.
Knowledge and recommendation of oral rehydration solution and zinc for management of childhood diarrhoea among patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Firima Emmanuel , Forsberg Birger
Published: April 2020

Background

In Nigeria, where patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) provide care in 55% of common paediatric illnesses, child deaths from diarrhoeal diseases stands at 104000; 14% of total all-cause child mortality. Our aim was to investigate PPMVs knowledge of presentation, cause, treatment and prevention of childhood diarrhoea, and their recommendation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc in the treatment of sick children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Methods

A cross-sectional design, structured questionnaires were administered to 200 PPMVs over six weeks with a 94% response rate. The main outcome variables were knowledge of childhood diarrhoea, and recommendation of ORS and zinc. Knowledge scores were analysed numerically and categorized as satisfactory (score ≥15) and unsatisfactory (score < 15). Multivariate Poisson loglinear regression was used to analyse score ratios. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of recommendation of ORS as well as recommendation of zinc.

Results

Overall knowledge of childhood diarrhoea was satisfactory among 47% of PPMVs. Eighty six percent of them reported consistent recommendation of ORS, while 63% of PPMVs consistently recommended zinc. Secondary education (Score Ratio (SR) =1.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =1.01–1.56, P=0.039) and post-secondary education (SR=1.37, 95% CI=1.09 –1.72, P=0.008) were associated with significantly higher knowledge scores. Recommendation of ORS was significantly associated with knowledge score (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =1.41, 95% CI=1.19–1.66, P<0.001), availability of ORS (AOR=7.26, 95% CI=1.73-30.54, P=0.007) and prescribing of zinc (AOR=5.82, 95% CI=2.03–16.66, P=0.001). Recommendation of zinc was significantly associated with awareness of ORS/zinc guidelines (AOR=5.60, 95% CI=1.07–29.26, P=0.041.

Conclusions

With the low knowledge of presentation, cause, treatment and prevention of childhood diarrhoea among PPMVs, management of childhood diarrhoea by them in the community is unlikely to be optimal. The reported recommendation of ORS and zinc will need to be further investigated and confirmed by direct observation. Educational requirement for PPMVs to operate a drug shop should be increased to at least secondary education level, and supply of ORS/zinc made reliable as these have shown to be important factors in the recommendation of the products.
Increase the Quality of Life through the Development of Automation
Authors: Arab Anoushe
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses needs for the automation of the underdevelopment communities. The novelty of this research is the link between production of microprocessors and increasing of the life quality. This study highlights the importance of efficient and economic architecture of logical circuits for the automation.  The aim of this research is to produce a logical circuit, which includes suitable gates. The circuit will be embedded in the automatic devices as a microprocessor to cause programmed functions. This research reports analytically a workshop method to build the circuit. It uses an assembly card and required gates.  Then, it suggests certain VHDL codes to drive a motor.  The workshop presents the configuration schemes and connection board for every gate. In addition, it shows a schematic wiring diagram of the circuit. Finally, the economic analysis proves the mass production of the circuit will enhance the automation and consequently the quality of life. The outcome of this research is a helpful experience to the engineers, manufacturers and students of the relevant disciplines to resolve the inequality in the use of the modern technologies.
DOMINASI PATRIARKI BERBENTUK KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK TERHADAP PEREMPUAN PADA SINETRON
Authors: Novarisa Ghina
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Violence that is difficult to overcome is symbolic violence because its failure does not look like ordinary struggle. Women are one of the social groups that are the object of symbolic struggle. Media content that supports symbolic making through words and communication that contain hatred against racist backgrounds or that involve sexists to hurt one's personal, ethnic, or sexual coordination.This research explain  how symbolic violence operates in the soap opera “Catatan Hati Seorang Istri” by exposing the patriarchal ideology as the dominant ideology in the soap opera. This is a qualitative research with discourse analisys by Sara Millls as the method to analyze the text, and text analysis technique along with literature study to collect the data. The concept of symbolic violence, that is used in this research, assumes that domination by men against women produce symbolic violence. The result of this research indicates “Catatan Hati Seorang Istri” showing domination of men over women in the form of (1) domination on behaelf of obligation in domestic territory, (2) domination by putting women as sexual object, and (3) domination by silencing women. But, those form of  domination causing women to fight against their rights. 

Key words; Symbolic violence; dominance; patriarchi ideology; soap operas.

ABSTRAK

Kekerasan yang sulit diatasi adalah kekerasan simbolik karena dampaknya tidak terlihat seperti kekerasan biasa. Perempuan adalah salah satu kelompok sosial yang menjadi objek kekerasan simbolik. Konten media seringkali memproduksi kekerasan simbolik melalui kata-kata dan komunikasi yang mengandung kebencian dengan latar belakang rasis atau yang bersifat seksis bertujuan melukai integritas pribadi, etnis, atau seksual seseorang. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana kekerasan simbolik beroperasi dalam sinetron Catatan Hati Seorang Istri dengan membongkar ideologi patriarki sebagai ideologi dominan dalam sinetron tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis wacana Sara Mills dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui analisis teks, serta studi literatur. Konsep kekerasan simbolik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dominasi yang dilakukan laki-laki terhadap perempuan melahirkan kekerasan simbolik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sinetron Catatan Hati Seorang Istri menampilkan dominasi laki-laki terhadap perempuan dalam bentuk; (1) dominasi mengatasnamakan kewajiban wilayah domestik, (2) dominasi menempatkan perempuan sebagai objek seksual, dan (3) dominasi dengan membungkam perempuan. Namun, bentuk dominasi tersebut membuat perempuan  memberontak dan bersuara. Dominasi inilah yang mendasari kekerasan simbolik pada sinetron Catatan Hati Seorang Istri.

Kata Kunci ; Kekerasan Simbolik; dominasi; ideologi patriarki; sinetron.
PSEUDONYM AND PERSONA MANAGEMENT IN PSYCHOANALISYS APPROACH AMONG J-POP FANS IN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Triputra Pinckey , Rewindinar Rewindinar
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

The development of communication technology makes a new form of persona management strategies. Facebook is one of social media, which can make the borders of public persona and private persona to be blurred and invisible. This research aims to explore the persona management in pseudonym practice through psychoanalysis approach by Japanese popular culture’s fans on Facebook by separating their personas in RL (Real Life) account and fannish account. This research is a qualitative research and using constructivism paradigm. Data collection was obtained by unstructured interviews submitted to two Facebook users. The data is then processed and analyzed interpretively. Study found that the main motive of fans using pseudonimity in social media is to avoid the stereotype threats from their real-life society. Virtual ethnography methods are also used which depart from virtual participatory observation methods for pseudonym accounts and participant RL accounts Study also found that there’s a new form of persona management strategies by using social media’s technology features such as blocking, unfriend-ing, and using privacy setting feature, and the other strategies. So, their persona is public yet private towards some audience. Keywords; fandom, persona, pseudonym, fans, popular culture.

ABSTRAK

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi menciptakan bentuk baru dari strategi manajemen persona. Facebook adalah salah satu media sosial yang dapat membuat batasan sehingga persona publik dan privat menjadi kabur dan tidak terlihat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi manajemen persona dalam praktik pseudonim melalui pendekatan psikoanalisis yang dilakukan para fans budaya populer Jepang yang melakukan pemisahan persona mereka di akun RL (Real Life) dan akun fans. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan paradigma konstruksivisme. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan wawancara tidak terstruktur yang diajukan kepada dua orang pengguna Facebook. Data kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara interpretif. Metode virtual ethnography juga digunakan yang berangkat dari metode observasi partisipatif secara virtual untuk akun pseudonim dan akun RL partisipan. Temuan studi menunjukan terdapat motif utama dari fans yang menggunakan pseudonim dalam media sosial yaitu untuk menghindari ancaman stereotype dari kehidupan sosial yang nyata. Studi juga menemukan adanya bentuk baru dari strategi manajemen persona dengan menggunakan fitur teknologi sosial media seperti blocking, unfriend-ing, privacy setting dan lainnya. Dengan demikian persona mereka bersifat publik karena disebarluaskan melalui media sosial namun tetap bersifat pribadi dalam hubungannya dengan pengguna media sosial lainnya. Kata kunci; fandom, persona, pseudonim, fans, budaya populer
Penelitian Arkeologi Dalam Konteks Pengembangan Sumberdaya Arkeologi
Authors: Kusumohartono Bugie M.H.
Published: April 2020

Upaya mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan manusia serta kebudayaan dalam rentang dan proses masa lampau ke masa kini, melalui tinggalan- tinggalan bendawinya, adalah tantangan yang dihadapi bidang arkeologi di setiap negara. Namun dalam dinamika interaksi antar dan lintas sektoral saat ini, tentu saja tantangan sektor arkeologi juga semakin berkembang. Dunia arkeologi berada dalam proses tarik-ulur konflik kepentingan antar sektor. Sementara itu,dalam negara-negara dunia ke 3 terdapat kecenderungan konflik-konflik seperti tersebut di atas berorientasi ekonomik.
Deskripsi Karakter: Pembukaan Populer dalam Cerita Pendek Bahasa Arab
Authors: Helmanto Fachri , Hidayat Arif
Published: April 2020

Pembelajaran dan pemerolehan bahasa Arab dapat mendorong meningkatkan perkembangan intelektualitas. Namun, mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Universitas Djuanda yang berasal dari sekolah umum merasa asing dengan tipikal pembelajaran bahasa arab di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui selera mahasiswa dalam menuliskan cerpen berbahasa arab, khususnya dalam menuliskan pembukaan cerita. Studi kasus ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa dokumen manuskrip teks narasi. Manuskrip hasil tugas cerita bahasa Arab pada mata kuliah Al Kitabah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan ditelaah untuk menemukan tenor penulisan. Teknik triangulasi dilakukan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas data dengan mengelompokan temuan dokumen dalam kategori jenis pembukaan dan dikonfirmasi melalui wawancara ke beberapa mahasiswa (responden) secara acak. Penelitian ini mengungkap 48% mahasiswa tetap menggunakan pembukaan berjenis deskripsi karakter. Mayoritas mahasiswa masih menggunakan teknik penulisan yang bersifat kultural yang didasari pada pemerolehan bahasa semenjak menjalani proses pembelajaran di sekolah hingga perguruan tinggi. Penelitian berikutnya disarankan untuk pembahasan struktur naratif dengan variasi lainnya (konflik, klimaks, penyelesaian, dan/atau penutup) ataupun dari sudut pandang lainnya yang menghasilkan kebaruan khususnya dalam dunia penulisan naratif
Penguasaan Jumlah Ismiyyah dan Jumlah Fi’liyyah terhadap Kemahiran Menyusun Paragraf Bahasa Arab Siswa
Authors: Nabila Badriati Zahroun , Amir Fachrur Razi , Ghaffar Awaludin Abdul
Published: April 2020

Pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada tingkat Madrasah Aliyah atau SMA telah mencapai pada tahap penguasaan empat kemahiaran bahasa. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di sekolah, pembelajaran bahasa Arab tidak hanya fokus pada muhadasah saja melainkan juga fokus pada tata kaidah penulisannya. Berdasarkan obervasi yang dilakukan, masih terdapat beberapa siswa yang masih merasa kesulitan dalam memahami kaidah nahwa serta masih merasa kesulitan dalam menentukan dan menempatkan kaidah nahwu pada kolom paragraf yang kosong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penguasaan jumlah ismiyyah dan jumlah fi’liyyah terhadap kemahiran menyusun paragraf bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 4 Bogor Kecamatan Cigombong Kabupaten Bogor, khususnya di kelas XI Keagamaan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI Keagamaan yang berjumlah 39 siswa sesuai dengan jumlah satu kelas. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, tes penguasaan jumlah ismiyyah, jumlah fi’liyyah dan menyusun paragraf bahasa Arab serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan 1) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penguasaan jumlah ismiyah terhadap kemahiran menyusun paragraf bahasa arab (sig 0,03 < 0,05; t hitung=3,293); 2) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penguasaan jumlah fi’liyah terhadap kemahiran menyusun paragraf bahasa arab (sig 0,03 < 0,05; t hitung=3,293), dan; 3) terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penguasaan jumlah ismiyah dan jumlah fi’liyah secara simultan terhadap kemahiran menyusun paragraf bahasa arab (sig 0,00 < 0,05; F hitung=162,976). Penelitian selanjutnya, direkomendasikan perlu diadakan penelitian lanjutan tentang ilmu nahwu atau yang lainnya serta pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan menyusun paragraf bahasa Arab.
COVID-19: uma pandemia que alerta à população
Authors: Oliveira Erivan de Souza , Morais Arlandia Cristina Lima Nobre de
Published: April 2020

Em dezembro de 2019 houve o primeiro caso da síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) em Wuhan, China. Recentemente denominada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) de covid-19 (doença de coronavírus 2019). O vírus da covid-19 pertence a ordem dos Nidovirales da família Coronaviridae. Diversos estudos publicados em revistas internacionais reportaram que as comorbidades mais prevalente dos pacientes com covid-19 são hipertensão e diabetes, que frequentemente realizam o tratamento com inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA), que segundo os autores podem facilitar a entrada do vírus. Destaca-se que outros estudos vêm questionando o uso do ibuprofeno em pacientes com a covid-19, visto que poderia piorar a condição de saúde. É de suma importância discutir o uso destes medicamentos em pacientes que receberam o diagnóstico de covid-19. Desta forma, os profissionais de saúde devem analisar criteriosamente cada paciente tendo em vista a fisiopatologia da doença e os fatores associados. Espera-se que o número de casos e óbitos causados por essa doença reduzam drasticamente.
Protocolo de acupuntura preventiva para estimular imunidade frente à COVID-19
Authors: De Medeiros Ferreira Antonio Alberto
Published: April 2020

Em final de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, China, surgiram casos de gripe, com rápida disseminação, comprometimento pulmonar e óbitos, a Organização Mundial de Saúde denominou o coronavírus de 2019-nCoV, a doença COVID-19 e declarou pandemia. Toda a população mundial está afetada, sendo maior risco para as pessoas idosos e de qualquer idade, portadoras de comorbidades. Estima-se que, na ausência de intervenções, a COVID-19 poderá resultar em 7,0 bilhões de infecções e 40 milhões de mortes em 2020, além disso, os custos sociais e econômicos são sem precedentes na história mundial recente. São indicadas medidas higiênicas e de isolamento social para se evitar os contágios em grandes proporções, que rapidamente esgotam os insumos de saúde. Conflitos maiores deverão ocorrer em países de baixa renda, que além de não possuir estrutura e equipamentos em quantidade, também não tem como testar sua população, limitando-se aos casos mais graves, como é o caso do Brasil, que no momento já está em transmissão comunitária da COVID-19. Nesta conjuntura, faz-se importante destacar o papel histórico da acupuntura na epidemia de cólera que despertou o interesse de Soulié de Morant, que trouxe para o ocidente essa terapia. Também o reconhecimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde para os mecanismos terapêuticos da acupuntura, que apontam ações em três pilares fundamentais: indução de analgesia; proteger o corpo contra infecções e regular várias funções fisiológicas. Face ao exposto, se propõe o Protocolo de Acupuntura Preventiva para Estimular Imunidade frente à COVID-19, que após a publicação, buscar-se-á parceria com o Ministério da Saúde, para capacitar à distância, profissionais interessados para implementar o referido Protocolo no Brasil, com destaque para a existência no país de cerca de 100.000 Acupunturistas e 336.875 Cirurgiões-Dentistas. A contribuição da Odontologia Brasileira pode viabilizar este Protocolo Preventivo em favor da saúde e da vida, porque além de possuir uma excelente formação profissional em saúde, com o atual cenário, os Cirurgiões-Dentistas estão com atividades intrabucais limitadas às urgências e emergências. E a grande mensagem de aprendizado com a experiência da COVID-19, certamente é a solidariedade humana frente a essa pandemia.
The treatment of helicobacter pylori-associated erosive lesions of gastroduodenal zone with the use of interactive learning technologies and rebamipide in young men
Authors: Korobeynikova E. R. , Shkatova E. Yu.
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of interactive teaching technologies and rebamipids in the complex therapy of erosive lesions of the gastroduodenal zone in young men.

Material and research methods. Two groups of patients were examined. The observation group included 36 recruits with HP-associated gastritis with erosion (HSE) and duodenitis with erosion (DSE). Comprehensive treatment was used as a treatment: standard first-line triple therapy with the inclusion of rebamipide 100 mg 3 times a day for 14 days and interactive therapeutic training. The comparison group consisted of 18 patients with HP-associated GSE and DsE who received standard triple eradication therapy also for 14 days. The average age of the examined patients in the observation group was 21.0 ± 0.7 years, the comparison group was 20.1 ± 0.7 years.

Results. The inclusion of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and duodenitis with erosion of rebamipide and interactive learning technologies into the treatment regimen resulted in more effective relief of pain syndrome and dyspeptic manifestations in conscripts, restoration of mucus-forming and acid-producing functions of the stomach; to lower blood cortisol levels; reduce the degree of morphological activity of inflammation. There is a more effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori (91.7%) and epithelization of erosion (97.2%) in comparison with the standard scheme (88.9% and 94.4%, respectively). The use of interactive teaching technologies allowed to increase the level of medical activity and hygienic literacy (96.0% of recruits changed their diet, the nature of nutrition — 88.0%). The level of psycho-emotional status significantly improved after the treatment.

Conclusion Combined therapy using rebamipide and interactive therapeutic training is effective in erosive lesions of the gastroduodenal zone in young men and increases patient adherence to treatment and leads to stabilization of psycho- emotional status.
Response to article of K. I. Grigoriev et al. “Peptic ulcer disease — historical dynamics: views on etiopathogenesis and treatment”, In Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2019;161(1): 155–165. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31146/1682–8658-ecg-161–1–155–165
Authors: Tsimmerman Ya. S.
Published: April 2020

In this article is discussed the historical facts of the study of peptic ulcer during 190 years after its self-selection in an independent nosological form. The scientific facts and arguments refuting the leading role of Helicobacter pylori infection in its etiology and pathogenesis are given; the conclusion of the authors of this article about the inevitability of a new paradigm of peptic ulcer in the near future is supported.
Exploratory Bifactor Measurement Models in Vocational Behavior Research
Authors: Giordano Casey
Published: April 2020

We provide an overview of and guidance for applying exploratory bifactor models to vocational research. First, we describe bifactor models and highlight their potential and actual applications in vocational psychology. Second, we review the theoretical bases of bifactor models and offer methodological guidance to correctly implement and interpret these models in practice. Third, we estimate a bifactor model in two vocational datasets to illustrate the concepts reviewed in this manuscript. The resulting models highlight novel insights in careers research (e.g., developmental performance feedback and personality [conscientiousness] modeling) that are made possible by leveraging bifactor measurement models. Overall, this manuscript provides a useful introduction to bifactor models to facilitate vocational behavior scholars and practitioners in thoughtfully producing and consuming bifactor models in their own research.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP KREATIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPS DI SMAN 6 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Irmanita Widyavera
Published: April 2020

Model pembelajaran mind mapping merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang mampu memberikan ruang kreatif bagi peserta didik dalam menghasilkan gagasan, mencatat apa yang harus dipelajari, atau merencanakan tugas baru dengan menyenangkan dan membuat peserta didik tertarik dengan materi yang akan di bahas dalam pembelajaran. Model Pembelajaran mind mapping yang mengkombinasikan warna dan bentuk akan semakin membuat peserta didik semakin tertarik dan semangat dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga suatu materi dapat diserap dengan lebih mudah.
When Brain Stimulation Backfires
Authors: Bell Sarah Beth , Turner Brian , Sawaki Lumy , DeWall C. Nathan
Published: April 2020

Transcranial direct current stimulation can sometimes cause the opposite of its intended effect. These reverse effects may be related in part to individual differences in personality and neurochemistry. Previous studies have demonstrated that dopamine levels can impact the effects of tDCS. In the present study, 124 healthy participants took the UPPS Impulsive Behavior scale. Participants then underwent a single, randomized anodal or sham tDCS session on the prefrontal cortex. While the effects of tDCS were still active, they performed the Stop Signal Task, a measure of state impulsivity. tDCS was associated with increased errors on this task in people who had higher scores on the UPPS in two facets of impulsivity that correlate with dopamine levels. tDCS had no effects on people low in trait impulsivity. These results suggest that the reverse effects of tDCS could be associated with inter-individual differences in personality and neurochemistry.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in ADHD: a systematic review of efficacy, safety, and protocol-induced electrical field modeling results
Authors: Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Nejati Vahid , Mosayebi-Samani Mohsen , Mohammadi Ali , Wischnewski Miles , Kuo Min-fang , Avenanti Alessio , Vicario Carmelo M. , Nitsche Michael A.
Published: April 2020

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications. It has been increasingly used in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but its efficacy (based on effect size calculations), safety, and stimulation parameters have not been systematically examined yet. In this systematic review, we aimed to (1) explore the effectiveness of tDCS on clinical symptoms and neuropsychological deficits of ADHD patients, (2) evaluate the safety of tDCS application especially in children with ADHD, (3) model electrical field intensity in the target regions based on the commonly-applied and effective vs less-effective protocols, and (4) discuss and propose advanced tDCS parameters. Using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 14 empirical experiments investigating tDCS effects in ADHD. Partial improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits (response inhibition, working memory, attention, cognitive flexibility) or clinical symptoms (e.g., impulsivity, inattention) were reported in 10 studies. No serious adverse effects were reported. The left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were the most often targeted regions, and anodal tDCS the most often applied protocol. 2 mA intensity, compared to 1 mA, induced stronger electrical fields in adults with ADHD and was associated with significant behavioral changes. In ADHD children, however, the electrical field induced by 1 mA intensity, which is likely larger than the electrical field induced by 1 mA stimulation in adults due to the smaller head size in children, was sufficient to result in significant behavioral change. Overall, tDCS seems to be a promising method for improving ADHD deficits. However, the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot be yet concluded and requires further systematic investigation in larger sample sizes. Cortical regions involved in ADHD pathophysiology, stimulation parameters (e.g. intensity, duration, polarity, electrode size), and types of symptoms/deficits are potential determinants of tDCS efficacy in ADHD. Developmental aspects of tDCS in childhood ADHD should be considered as well.
Recommendations for Studies on Dynamic Arm Support Devices in People with Neuromuscular Disorders: a Scoping Review with Expert-Based Discussion
Authors: Essers Johannes
Published: April 2020

Neuromuscular disorders are characterized by muscle weakness that limits upper extremity mobility, but can be alleviated with dynamic arm support devices. Current research highlights the importance and difficulties of evidence-based recommendations for device development. We aim to provide research recommendations primarily concerning upper extremity body functions, and secondarily activity and participation, environmental and personal factors. Evidence was synthesized from literature, ongoing studies, and expert opinions and tabulated within a framework based on a combination of the ICF model and contextual constructs. Current literature mostly investigated the motor capacity of muscle function, joint mobility, and upper body functionality, and a few studies also addressed the impact on activity and participation. In addition, experts considered knowledge on device utilization in the daily environment and characterizing the beneficiaries better important. Knowledge gaps showed that ICF model components and contextual constructs should be better integrated and more actively included in future research. First, integrate multiple ICF model components and contextual constructs within one study design. Second, include the influence of environmental and personal factors when developing and deploying a device. Third, include short-term and long-term measurements to monitor adaptations over time. Finally, include user satisfaction as guidance to evaluate the device effectiveness.
Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento na Era Digital Mapas Conceituais
Authors: PALETTA FRANCISCO CARLOS
Published: April 2020

Proposta de análise da aplicação da ferramenta Mapas Conceituais na área da Gestão da Informação Digital e do Conhecimento permitindo desenvolver as habilidades de gestão computacional dos profissionais que lidam com a Gestão da Informação Digital. Procurou-se explorar os conceitos de aplicação dos mapas conceituais como importante ferramenta para a representação do conjunto de inter-relações na proposta da matriz de conhecimento. A pesquisa baseou-se em levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, cujos objetivos são: conceituar o que são mapas conceituais; analisar as vantagens e desvantagens do uso de mapas conceituais; e desenvolver habilidades para a utilização das ferramentas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento e criação de produtos e serviços de informação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a utilização de Mapas Conceituais são facilitadores do trabalho do gestor do conhecimento. Permite ao gestor ou usuário construir, navegar, compartilhar e criticar modelos de conhecimento representados com Mapas Conceituais otimizando seu trabalho.
Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020
Authors: Mertens Gaëtan , Gerritsen Lotte , Duijndam Stefanie , Salemink Elske , Engelhard Iris
Published: April 2020

Fear is an adaptive response in the presence of danger. However, when threat is uncertain and continuous, as in the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, fear can become chronic and burdensome. To identify predictors of fear of the coronavirus, we conducted an online survey (N = 439) three days after the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic (i.e., between March 14 and 17, 2020). Fear of the coronavirus was assessed with the newly developed Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (FCQ) consisting of eight questions pertaining to different dimensions of fear (e.g., subjective worry, safety behaviors, preferential attention), and an open-ended question. The predictors included psychological vulnerability factors (i.e., intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and health anxiety), media exposure, and personal relevance (i.e., personal health, risk for loved ones, and risk control). We found four predictors for the FCQ in a simultaneous regression analysis: health anxiety, regular media use, social media use, and risks for loved ones (R2 = .37). Furthermore, 16 different topics of concern were identified based participants’ open-ended responses, including the health of loved ones, health care systems overload, and economic consequences. We discuss the relevance of our findings for managing people’s fear of the coronavirus.
Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and their Unique Impacts on Wellbeing and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors
Authors: Kachanoff Frank , Bigman Yochanan , Kapsaskis Kyra , Gray Kurt
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 threatens lives, livelihoods, and civic institutions. Although restrictive public health behaviors such as social distancing help manage its impact, these behaviors can further sever our connections to people and institutions that affirm our identities. Three studies (N=1,195) validated a brief 10-item COVID-19 threat scale that assesses 1) realistic threats to physical or financial safety, and 2) symbolic threats to one’s sociocultural identity. Studies reveal that both realistic and symbolic threat predict higher distress and lower wellbeing, and demonstrate convergent validity with other measures of threat sensitivity. Importantly, the two kinds of threat diverge in their relationship to restrictive public health behaviors: Realistic threat predicted greater self-reported adherence, whereas symbolic threat predicted less self-reported adherence to social-disconnection behaviors. Symbolic threat also predicted using creative ways to affirm identity even in isolation. Our findings highlight how social psychological theory can be leveraged to understand and predict people’s behavior in pandemics.
Could Attitudes Toward COVID-19 in Spain Render Men More Vulnerable Than Women?
Authors: De La Vega Ricardo , Barquin Roberto Ruíz , Boros Szilvia , Szabo Attila
Published: April 2020

The COVID-1 pandemic affects the whole world. Spain is 3rd in the world and 2nd in Europe with largest number of diagnosed cases. Spanish citizens’ attitudes are important in controlling the pandemic. This research assessed key attitudes of the Spanish people toward COVID-19. One study (n =64) was conducted in a shopping center in Madrid and another (n= 640) online. The results of both studies suggest that women in Spain have a ‘more responsible’ attitude toward the COVID-19 than men. Young adults (18-25 years) appear to perceive less threatening the epidemic than older adults. Spanish people’s personal concern about COVID-19 is less than their perceived social alarm about it. Compliance is the strongest predictor of the approval to stay at home, which is the highest rated preventive measure by the Spanish people. These results might help policy makers in targeting public attitudes which could play an important role in the exponentially rising cases of COVID-19.
Gesture Development in Infancy: Effects of Gender but not Bilingualism
Authors: Germain Nathalie , Gonzalez-Barrero Ana Maria , Byers-Heinlein Krista
Published: April 2020

Gesture is an important communication tool that provides insight into infants’ early language and cognitive development and predicts later language skills (Iverson & Goldin-Meadow, 2005). While bilingual school-age children have been reported to gesture more than monolinguals (Nicoladis et al., 2009), there is a lack of research examining gesture use in infants exposed to more than one language. In this pre-registered study, we compared three groups of 14‐month‐old infants (N = 150) learning French and/or English: bilinguals (hearing a second language at least 25% of the time), exposed (hearing a second language 10–24% of the time), and monolinguals (hearing one language 90% of the time or more). Parent-reported use of communicative gestures was gathered via the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI). Results showed that the three language groups had similarly sized gesture repertoires, suggesting that language exposure did not affect gesture development at this age. However, a gender effect was found, where girls produced more types of gestures than boys. Overall, these results suggest that gender, but not language exposure, contributes to differences in gesture development in infancy.
Value-based Essentialism: Essentialist Beliefs About Social Groups With Shared Values
Authors: Bailey April , Knobe Joshua , Newman George
Published: April 2020

Psychological essentialism has played an important role in social psychology, informing influential theories of stereotyping and prejudice as well as questions about wrongdoers’ accountability and their ability to change. In the existing literature, essentialism is often tied to beliefs in shared biology—i.e., the extent to which members of a social group are seen as having the same underlying biological features. Here we investigate the possibility of “value-based essentialism” in which people think of certain social groups in terms of an underlying essence, but that essence is understood as a value. Study 1 explored beliefs about a wide range of social groups and found that both groups with shared biology (e.g., women) and shared values (e.g., hippies) elicited similar general essentialist beliefs relative to more incidental social categories (e.g., English-speakers). In Studies 2-4, participants who read about a group either as being based in biology or in values reported higher general essentialist beliefs compared to a control condition. Because biological essences about social groups have been connected to a number of downstream consequences, we also investigated two test cases concerning value-based essentialism. In Study 3, beliefs about both shared biology and shared values increased inductive generalizations about the social group relative to control, but in Study 4, only the shared biology condition reduced blame for wrongdoing. Together these findings join with recent work to support a broader theoretical framework of essentialism about social groups that can be arrived at through multiple pathways, including, in the present case, shared values.
VALIDAÇÃO DO ILLINOIS TEST MODIFICADO PARA ATLETAS DE FUTEBOL DE SETE PARALÍMPICO
Authors: Raffa Thaína , Faria Fernando Rosch de , Nogueira Cláudio Diehl , Corredeira Rui Manuel Nunes , Luz Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro da , Freitas Alessandro De , Vieira Ivaldo Brandão , Gorla José Irineu
Published: April 2020

O Futebol de sete Paralímpico é um dos principais esportes praticados por atletas com Paralisia Cerebral na atualidade. Seus benefícios variam da melhora da percepção pessoal à melhoria das condições físicas, sociais, psicológicas, motoras e as respostas fisiológicas. Entretanto, poucos são os testes que possam subsidiar a modalidade e a população no que se diz respeito a aptidão e capacidades físicas. O estudo teve por objetivo validar o teste de agilidade Illinois para atletas da modalidade de futebol de 7 paralímpico. A população foi composta por 16 atletas da seleção brasileira de futebol de 7 paralímpica, com idade entre 20 a 38 anos. A captação dos dados foi realizada por 3 avaliadores que utilizaram o Illinois test modificado como principal ferramenta. Foram realizadas duas avaliações (teste-reteste) com 48 hs de intervalo com todos os atletas e avaliadores. Após as análises, foi possível observar que os atletas nos dois dias obtiveram resultados semelhantes, (média geral de todos os atletas incluindo teste-reteste) apresentando o tempo de 10,65 segundos. O melhor tempo foi de 9,62 e pior resultado foi de 14,30 segundos, demostrando assim o potencial de agilidade de toda a equipe. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os 3 avaliadores, o que demonstra alto nível de confiabilidade e replicabilidade do teste. O Illinois modificado para o futebol de 7 paralímpico pode ser usado como uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação, com objetivo de mensurar escores de agilidade de uma equipe, bem como ser usado para futuras comparações em modalidades semelhantes com outras pesquisas.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT JAGUNG DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI KERTAS KEMASAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Oktaffi Arinna Manasikana Oktaffi
Published: April 2020

The increasing need for paper and the demands of the community for environmentally friendly technology is increasing, causing the need for a large supply of paper raw materials to the paper industry sector. The limited supply of raw materials for paper production caused by environmental issues causes the price of paper to rise. The content of bagasse is cellulose, pentosan, lignin and others, while the content of corn husk consists of ash, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. These components can be used as paper making materials because they have high cellulose content. The resulting paper is expected to be used as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of corn husk waste and bagasse as an environmentally friendly packaging paper material, as well as to analyze the comparison between the composition of corn husk and sugarcane bagasse to produce the highest quality packaging paper . The test samples used in this study are tensile, elasticity and biodegradability tests. The results showed that corn husk waste and sugarcane bagasse have the potential to be environmentally friendly packaging paper. Paper with the best quality is compared to 25% corn husk and 75% bagasse with a tensile test of 14.8 N elasticity test of 13.33% and 50% biodegrated paper area.