bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Partial delivery: Opportunity or threat for wine cooperatives
Authors: Hanf J.H. , Bitsch L. , Schilling U.
Published: February 2019

Numerous wine cooperatives exclude partial delivery by a strict and unexceptional full delivery obligation. However, in practice, some well-known representatives of the German wine cooperative system, such as Moselland eG, successfully follow the partial delivery procedure. In addition, cooperative members use various measures in practice to avoid the full delivery obligation, e.g. through the legal division or splitting of the member companies. Nevertheless, the procedure is currently barely investigated and researched, and since neither the DRV nor the auditing cooperative associations carry out surveys on the partial delivery, it is not possible to determine the exact significance of this for the German winegrowers’ cooperative system (Jung, 2016). Due to the current situation with regard to partial delivery in the German wine cooperative system, the aim of this paper is to present the concept of partial delivery and to discuss challenges for the cooperative system.
Variedad Malbec: El ave fénix de la vitivinicultura argentina
Authors: Zulueta S. , Quini C.
Published: February 2019

La superficie de Malbec ha variado en Argentina a lo largo de los años desde el año 1853, en el que ingresaron al país las primeras plantas de esta variedad. En el año 1962 la superficie de Malbec llegó a las 58.577 ha cultivadas, lo cual representaba el 22.5% del total de vid en el país. Luego, comenzó una rápida disminución de superficie ya que fue sustituida por variedades más productivas que dieron origen a vinos genéricos. Se erradicó el 83% de la superficie de Malbec desde 1962 hasta 1995, año en que llegó a su punto más bajo de superficie cultivada con 9.746 ha. A partir de ese año comenzó a resurgir la variedad Malbec como el ave fénix y ha ido aumentando su superficie en el país acorde con una demanda por parte de consumidores argentinos e internacionales más exigentes en cuanto a calidad, un menor consumo per cápita en el país y un cambio de tendencia del consumo hacia los vinos tintos. Esta tendencia de aumento de la superficie de Malbec se mantiene en la actualidad, siendo la variedad que más crece desde hace varios años. En el año 2017 se registraban 41.301 ha, lo cual representa el 18.6% del total de vid del país.
Structure, organization and a vision: Reasons for the success of wine cooperatives?
Authors: Schamel G.H.
Published: February 2019

Several studies have found that wine cooperatives struggle to produce high quality grapes allowing them to produce better quality wines and to receive higher retail prices. In contrast, cooperatives in South Tyrol perform well and receive price premiums for wine quality relative to privately-owned local competitors. We identify the structural, organizational and social factors (i.e., elements of social capital) that may contribute to the economic success of a cooperative enterprise, surveying individual members of 13 wine cooperatives in South Tyrol. Relative payment per kg of grapes (pay-out) delivered measures the economic success of member growers. We propose that “the strength of common vision among cooperative members” is an important element identifying the “working social capital” of cooperatives and examine whether it depends on specific social and organizational variables such as commitment, trust or the strengths of personal relationships, participation in training activities and/or the presence of specific grape quality assessment criteria. Moreover, we examine if the pay-out or economic success of cooperative members can be explained by a set of structural variables and working social capital. We estimate two regression models to explain both the working social capital (i.e., strength of a common vision among cooperative members), and pay-out or economic success that cooperative members receive for delivering grapes. Results indicate that specific social factors such as member commitment, trust, personal member-winemaker relations and gender as well as organizational factors (e.g., training activities, quality assessment criteria) help to explain working social capital while physical production capital (farm size), working social capital (common vision) and indicators of human capital (involvement, vineyard consulting) are important factors to explain the economic success of cooperative members.
Harmonizing expression of measurement results in wine analysis: Best practices when testing and reporting sugar in wine
Authors: Wilkes E. , Huckaba P. , Hodson G.
Published: February 2019

This technical brief addresses using appropriate methodology and uniform terminology to ensure consistency in measurement and interpretation of wine components described as sugars, when required in wine trade. Different analytical approaches when testing for sugar in wine, variation in reporting units, and non-uniform interpretation of sugar terminology are known to create unnecessary barriers in wine trade. This brief proposes a unified system of reporting sugar in wine that is grounded in scientific and practical knowledge to reduce potential trade barriers. The following are suggested best practices when testing and reporting sugar in wine: clarify the meaning of the abbreviation “RS” when used, since it could stand for residual sugars, reducing sugars, or reducing substances, which have different meanings (1), define residual sugar as the sum of glucose, fructose and sucrose expressed as g/L of wine (2), use methods that are specific for wine sugars, rather than non-specific methods that test for reducing substances, to avoid erroneously high results (3), avoid reporting sugar alcohols, such as glycerol, as a sugar (4), avoid testing for sugars not expected in wine, such as maltose and lactose (5).
Wein und Krebs – was zeigt die epidemiologie?
Authors: Worm N.
Published: February 2019

Azetaldehyd, das Abbauprodukt des Alkohols, besitzt ein krebsförderndes Potenzial und kann das Risiko für verschiedene Krebsformen in Abhängigkeit der genetischen Ausstattung, der konsumierten Menge und verschiedener Lebensstilfaktoren erhöhen. Zahlreiche Langzeitbeobachtungsstudien (Kohortenstudien) haben diese Zusammenhänge überprüft.

Für erhöhten Konsum und vor allem für Alkoholmissbrauch ist ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für verschiedene Krebsformen und ein erhöhtes Gesamt-Krebsrisiko gezeigt worden. Im Allgemeinen fanden sich für Spirituosenkonsum höhere Risiken als für Wein- und Bierkonsum. Hingegen finden sich für leichten bis moderaten Alkohol- und vor allem für Weinkonsum divergierende Ergebnisse. Manche Krebsformen gehen in diesem Konsumbereich sogar mit einem signifikant geminderten Risiko im Vergleich zu Alkoholabstinenz einher.

Eine aktuelle Meta-Analyse der Kohortenstudien weist für leichten Konsum (bis zu 1 Drink/Tag) sogar eine Senkung des Gesamt-Krebsrisikos aus. Eine weitere aktuelle Meta-Analyse fand bei leichtem Konsum allein für Brustkrebs und bei Männern für Kolorektal-Karzinom leicht erhöhte Risiken, doch in keinem Krebsbereich ein erhöhtes Sterblichkeitsrisiko.

Eine überzeugende Datenlage findet andererseits bei leichtem bis moderatem Konsum eine Senkung des Risikos für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus, Gallenstein, Osteoporose und Demenzerkrankungen. Folglich müssen bei der Diskussion um die gesundheitliche Problematik des Konsums alkoholischer Getränke diese “Schutzeffekte” den genannten Risiken gegenübergestellt werden. Die günstigsten Effekte beobachtet man im Rahmen eines mediterranen Trinkmusters, das sich durch regelmäßigen Konsum – vor allem von Wein – zum Essen, in moderater Menge und ohne Alkoholexzesse auszeichnet.
Un modèle économique et social pour la conservation de la biodiversité : des filières oléagineuses durables issues de produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) pour préserver la Réserve de Faune du Dja (RFD) au Cameroun
Authors: Roques Emmanuelle , Lachaux Cécile , Tournebize Théo , Epanda Aimé Manfred , Mikam Akongongol Miranda
Published: February 2019

Cet article présente un modèle socioéconomique innovant mis en place en périphérie d’une zone à haute biodiversité : la Réserve de Faune du Dja (RFD), au Cameroun. Les produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL) de la RFD sont depuis toujours utilisés par les populations locales pour des mets ou remèdes traditionnels. L’objectif de ce projet collaboratif associatif/privé a été de structurer les filières PFNL, afin que les populations bénéficiaires, en particulier les femmes, puissent en tirer les revenus nécessaires à leur développement. Grâce à cette alternative au braconnage, les communautés locales trouvent un intérêt économique à protéger et gérer durablement la forêt.
Precision agriculture in oil palm plantations: diagnostic tools for sustainable N and K nutrient supply
Authors: Dubos Bernard , Baron Victor , Bonneau Xavier , Dassou Olivier , Flori Albert , Impens Reinout , Ollivier Jean , Pardon Lénaïc
Published: February 2019

Predicting the fertilizer requirements of an oil palm plantation has long been a difficult task. Two main methods have emerged. Leaf analyses (LA) were used for fertilization management as early as the 1950s. Leaf contents are compared to optimum references, making it possible to adjust the fertilizer rates applied in each block. Another approach, based on the nutrient balance (NB), is to evaluate and replace nutrients that are exported from the field, or immobilized by the plant. Plantations must adopt environmentally friendly practices; in particular, fertilizer inputs must be estimated with sufficient precision to achieve the highest possible yields, without applying excessive amounts of nutrients in relation to plant demand and the storage capacity of soils. We questioned the relevance of each method for achieving these objectives. We did so using some long-term fertilization trials to compare the optimum N and K rates recommended by each method in the adult phase. It appeared that LA led to moderate rates compared to NB. It also appeared that calculating a precise nutrient balance on a field scale was hampered by a lack of precise information (i) about the biomasses produced and their composition and (ii) about the highly variable outputs of the environmental losses. On the other hand, LA provided a simple indicator of the ability for each block to achieve its potential yield. We believe that this perfectible method is more protective of the environment, without the risk of a significant decrease in yields or a decrease in soil mineral reserves.
Oilseed brassica in India: Demand, supply, policy perspective and future potential
Authors: Jat R.S. , Singh V.V. , Sharma Pankaj , Rai P.K.
Published: February 2019

India is the largest agrarian subcontinent supporting 26% world’s agricultural population on 12% arable land. India is also the fifth largest vegetable oil economy accounting 7.4% oilseeds, 5.8% oils and 6.1% oil meal production, and 9.3% of edible oil consumption in the world. Oilseeds are the second most important agricultural economy in India next to cereals growing at a pace of 4.1% per annum in the last three decades. Oilseed brassica shares 23.5% area and 24.2% production of total oilseeds in the country. Despite being the third largest producer (11.3%) of oilseed brassica after Canada and China in the world, India meets 57% of the domestic edible oil requirements through imports and ranked 7th largest importer of edible oils in the world. Oilseed brassica achieved significant growth in India in the past, however, the productivity levels are still low owing to large cultivation under rainfed situation, biotic and abiotic stresses, and resources crunch. It is also facing the challenges of low genotypic potential, climate change and price fluctuation. Though, it embraces the immense scope to increase the production in traditional and non-traditional areas in India with proper inputs, technological interventions, and suitable policy framework. This needs to develop strategies in a well-planned, targeted manner with multi-scientific inputs, policy interface and stable price systems to bring the desired growth in oilseeds brassica production, and to reduce the import of edible oils in the country.
Refeeding-Syndrom: Ein konsensusbasierter Algorithmus für stationäre Patienten
Authors: Aubry Emilie , Aeberhard Carla , Leuenberger Michèle , Stirnimann Jessica , Friedli Natalie , Schütz Philipp , Stanga Zeno
Published: February 2019

Das Refeeding-Syndrom (RFS) ist ein oft übersehender, aber potenziell lebensbedrohlicher metabolischer Zustand. Es kann nach der Aufnahme einer Ernährungstherapie eines mangelernährten Patienten entstehen. Charakterisiert ist es durch Elektrolytstörungen (insbesondere Hypophosphatämie, Hypokaliämie und Hypomagnesiämie), ein Flüssigkeitsungleichgewicht sowie Salzretention und konsekutiv eingeschränkte Organfunktionen. Die Evidenzlage bezüglich des RFS ist dürftig. Kürzlich ist eine systematische Literaturreview zu den Risikofaktoren, diagnostischen Kriterien, präventiven und therapeutischen Maßnahmen zum RFS publiziert worden. Auf Basis dieser Übersichtsarbeit wurden von einem internationalen Expertengremium klinisch relevante Empfehlungen erarbeitet und ein Algorithmus für die Prävention, das Management und das Monitoring des RFS bei stationären Patienten entwickelt. Es werden spezifische Kriterien für die Diagnosestellung, die Risikostratifikation und praktische, konkrete Empfehlungen für das Management der Ernährungstherapie von Patienten jeder Risikokategorie vorgeschlagen. Zudem werden die schrittweise Implementierung der Energie- und Flüssigkeitszufuhr sowie eine Elektrolyt- und Vitaminsupplementierung bzw. -substitution und das detaillierte Vorgehen für das Monitoring aufgezeigt. Diese Empfehlungen beabsichtigen, das Management des RFS im klinischen Alltag zu optimieren und zu standardisieren. Der Fokus liegt auf klinisch relevanten Fragen bezüglich dem Management von stationären Risikopatienten. Qualitativ hochstehende Studien werden benötigt, um diese Empfehlungen zu evaluieren und zu bestätigen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden ebendiese Empfehlungen vorgestellt.
Lipödem – Mythen und Fakten Teil 4
Authors: Bertsch Tobias , Erbacher Gabriele , Torio-Padron Nestor
Published: February 2019

Um das Lipödem ranken sich zahlreiche Mythen! In diesem vierten Beitrag unserer Artikelserie setzen wir uns mit dem Stellenwert der Liposuktion beim Lipödem auseinander. Wir diskutieren das von vielen die Liposuktion durchführenden Ärzten verbreitete Statement: „Die Liposuktion führt zu ausgeprägter und dauerhafter Verbesserung des Lipödems“. Wir konnten zeigen, dass zwischen den oft euphorischen Versprechungen der chirurgisch tätigen Kollegen und der aktuellen Studienlage zur Liposuktion eine erhebliche Lücke klafft. Sowohl Studienqualität als auch Studiensetting weisen erhebliche Mängel auf, Mängel, die Zweifel an diesem verbreiteten Statement aufkommen lassen. Eine ähnliche Lücke klafft darüber hinaus zwischen den Empfehlungen der S1-Leitlinie Lipödem und der tatsächlichen „Absaugpraxis“ bei adipösen Lipödempatientinnen. Die in den Leitlinien empfohlene „kritische Indikationsstellung“ bei gleichzeitigem Auftreten von Lipödem und Adipositas findet kaum Gehör. Es
kann daher nicht genug betont werden, dass Liposuktion keine Methode ist, um Adipositas zu behandeln. Gleichwohl kann die Liposuktion durchaus zu einer Verbesserung des Lipödems beitragen. Entscheidend für den Therapieerfolg ist die Auswahl der Patientinnen, die aufgrund – medizinischer – Kriterien erfolgen muss. Darüber sollte die Liposuktion in ein Gesamtkonzept eingebunden werden, welches psychosoziale, ernährungs- und sportmedizinische Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt.
Caveolins; An Assailant or An Ally of Various Cellular Disorders
Authors: Srivastav Ritesh Kumar , Ansari Tarique Mahmood , Prasad Mahesh , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Bagga Paramdeep , Ahsan Farogh
Published: February 2019

Caveolae have impressive morphological highlights of the cytomembrane of mammalian cells which involve in wide diversity of cellular functions involving signaling pathways and cholesterol hastening. Caveolin proteins possess a ‘scaffolding’ domain which for caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 appear to act a dominant role in signal regulation through caveolae. Caveolin-1 is treated to be protein in the cytomembrane entrapped with caveolae in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells which diminish nitric oxide (NO) by fill up the calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) confining point of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decrease NO generation produce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic injury development. It is a cholesterol-binding layer protein associated with cell cholesterol transport and also shows cardioprotective action through ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in diabetic and postmenopausal rat heart. Additionally it is ensnared in the procedures of tumorigenesis, prostate disease, and inflammation. The present study in the paper is to explore the structural functionalities of caveolins and their contributory role in CVS disorders and various other diseases.
New Benzaldehyde and Benzopyran Compounds from the Endophytic Fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sp. F03 and Their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: de Amorim Marcelo R. , Hilário Felipe , dos Santos Fernando M. , Batista João M. , Bauab Tais M. , Araújo Angela R. , Carlos Iracilda Z. , Vilegas Wagner , dos Santos Lourdes C.
Published: February 2019

Three new benzaldehyde derivatives, sporulosaldeins A – C (1–3), and 3 new benzopyran derivatives, sporulosaldeins D – F (4–6), were discovered from an endophytic fungus, Paraphaeosphaeria sp. F03, which was isolated from Paepalanthus planifolius leaves. Compounds 1–6 were elucidated by 1- and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 5 was determined through the comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1–6 were found to exhibit antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 7.8 – 250 µg/mL and racemic mixture of compound 6 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and LM3 with IC50 values of 34.4 and 39.2 µM, respectively.
Four New Cytotoxic Arborinane-Type Triterpenes from the Endolichenic Fungus Myrothecium inundatum
Authors: Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Liu Li , Chen Baosong , Suleimen Yerlan Melsuly , Yu Haiyang , Guo Shouyu , Bao Li , Ren Jinwei , Liu Hongwei
Published: February 2019

Two new arborinane-type triterpenes, myrotheols A (1) and B (2), two new arborinane-type glycosides, myrothesides C (3) and D (4), together with four known diterpenes (5 – 8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endolichenic fungus Myrothecium inundatum. The structures of new compounds 1 – 4 were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Compounds 3 and 4 represent the first two natural 4-O-methyl-α-D-mannosides. Compounds 1 – 8 exhibited cytotoxicity against K562 and RKO human cancer cell lines.
Base-Mediated Tandem 1,6-Addition/Cyclization/Isomerization Reactions between para-Quinone Methides and Benzyl Chlorides: Approaches to Diverse Frameworks at Each Cascade Stage
Authors: Zhao Shangkun , Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhang Minli , Song Xixi , Chang Junbiao
Published: February 2019

Base-mediated stereospecific tandem reactions using para-quinone methides and carbene-like benzyl chlorides are developed. DBU-mediated 1,6-addition/cyclization/isomerization reactions produce triarylsubstituted alkenes in 43–89% yields and Z/E ratios of 5:1 to 35:1 in favor of the Z-isomers. Single-step 1,6-conjugate additions are realized with the mediation of cesium carbonate, and different triaryl chloroethanes are obtained in yields of 41–54% and excellent diastereoselectivities of more than 20:1. In addition, tandem 1,6-addition/cyclization reactions are achieved using tuned 2,4-disubstituted benzyl chlorides to afford diaryl spirocyclopropyl para-dienones in yields of 35–83% and diastereoselectivities of more than 20:1 in favor of the anti-isomers. The transformations from triaryl chloroethanes and spirocyclopropyl para-dienones into triarylsubstituted alkenes are also demonstrated to support the proposed tandem mechanisms.
A Concise, Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Davis’ Oxaziridines using Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Kitagawa Saori , Mori Hiromitsu , Odagiri Tatsuya , Suzuki Katsuya , Kikkawa You , Osugi Rie , Takizawa Shinobu , Kimura Yoshikazu , Kirihara Masayuki
Published: February 2019

N-Sulfonyloxaziridines (Davis’ oxaziridines) can be synthesized by reacting the corresponding N-sulfonylimines with aqueous sodium hypochlorite in acetonitrile without any catalyst. The pH of the aqueous sodium hypochlorite is crucial to obtain the product in high yield. Optimized conditions are presented that allow synthetically useful Davis’ oxaziridines to be easily obtained in up to 90% yields from the corresponding imines by using inexpensive, stable, environmentally friendly sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals as the oxidant, with high reproducibility.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones from α-Hydroxyl Ketones via A Novel Tandem Reaction Sequence Based on Heyns Rearrangement
Authors: Zeng Qing-le , Li Guang-xun , Tang Zhuo , Li Ling-yu
Published: February 2019

Heyns rearrangement have been famous for carbohydrate chemists for several decades. However, this reaction was underrated as a useful method for synthetic chemists due to preparative shortcomings. Herein we developed an efficient method for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important α-amino ketones from readily available α-hydroxy ketones and secondary amines through a tandem reaction sequence based on Heyns rearrangement. The reaction smoothly proceeded by using catalytic PTSA as catalyst without solvent. Primary and secondary α-hydroxy ketones were readily used and regioselectively afforded the correspondingly α-amino ketones with moderate yield.
Syntheses of Post-Iboga Alkaloids
Authors: Lim Hyeonggeun , Seong Sikwang , Han Sunkyu
Published: February 2019

Post-iboga alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are biosynthetically derived from iboga-type alkaloids via rearrangements of the indole and/or isoquinuclidine moieties. Herein, we categorize post-iboga alkaloids into five types based on the biosynthetic mode of transformation of the iboga scaffold. We then describe reported syntheses of post-iboga alkaloids, including our laboratory’s recent contributions, based on our own categorization.

1 Introduction

1.1 Iboga and Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2 Classification of Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2.1 Introduction to Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2.2 Introduction to Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2.3 Introduction to Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2.4 Introduction to Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids

1.2.5 Introduction to Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2 Syntheses of Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.1 Syntheses of Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.1.1 Syntheses of Monomeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.1.2 Syntheses of Dimeric Type I Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.2 Syntheses of Type II Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.3 Synthetic Studies Toward Type III Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.4 Syntheses of Type IV Post-Iboga Alkaloids

2.5 Synthesis of Type V Post-Iboga Alkaloids

3 Conclusion and Outlook
Asymmetric Synthesis of Vicinally Bis(trifluoromethyl)-Substituted 3,3′-Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles via Organocatalytic 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Zhu Wen-Run , Zhang Zhen-Wei , Huang Wei-Hua , Lin Ning , Chen Qing , Chen Kai-Bin , Wang Bi-Chuan , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui
Published: February 2019

Under bifunctional squaramide and thiourea organocatalysis, a series of vicinally bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted 3,3′-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles were successfully synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of 3-(trifluoroethylidene)oxindoles with diethyl 2-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)imino)malonate and N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)isatin ketimines. The highlight of this protocol is the efficient construction of the vicinally bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted pyrrolidine unit of spirooxindoles, including multiple contiguous stereogenic centres, in excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase: The Effects of Anticholinesterases on Platelet Function
Authors: Smith Martin J , Braem Boyd , Davis Kent D
Published: February 2019

Platelet acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in gel-filtered platelet preparations. Three different anticholinesteratic agents (eserine, neostigmine, and diiso- propylphosphorofluoridate) at final concentrations of 10 μM caused complete inhibition of AChE activity after 30 min incubation at room temperature with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Complete inhibition of platelet AChE had no effect on platelet aggregation, factor-3 availability, and plasma clot retraction. We conclude that platelet membrane AChE activity is not required for normal platelet function as measured by these in vitro parameters.
Relación entre IPSS y uroflujometría en pacientes con síntomas urinarios
Authors: Fonseca Carmen Liliana , Oliveros Carlos Isaías , Escobar Rebeca , Azuero Julián , Daza Almendrales Fabián
Published: February 2019

Introducción Los cuestionarios clínicos para los síntomas urinarios se diseñaron para objetivar los síntomas urinarios y de esa forma evitar estudios invasivos y costosos, con la división entre síntomas urinarios de vaciado y llenado, sin embargo, los pacientes presentan síntomas que hacen difícil el discernimiento entre obstrucción infravesical, detrusor hipocontractil o incluso detrusor hiperactivo.

Determinar la correlación entre la uroflujometría y la severidad de los síntomas usando el IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) en pacientes síntomas urinarios, comparados con urodinamia y determinar su correlación con el diagnostico de obstrucción infravesical, detrusor hipocontráctil o detrusor hipocontráctil

Métodos Estudio retrospectivo en el cual se recolectaron 27 hombres que consultaron por síntomas urinarios de vaciado y asistieron al Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana en Bogotá, Colombia entre abril del 2016 y abril del 2017. El IPSS se realizó a todos los pacientes con el cuestionario autoadministrado. Adicionalmente se realizó uroflujometría y urodinamia con el equipo de urodinámia Medical Measurement System SN077116.

Resultados La edad promedio fue 67,26 años (37–86), IPSS leve del 22%, moderado 59% y severo 19%, con patrones de uroflujometricos campana 26%, meseta 41% intermitente 33%, el 37% presentaron un Qmax menor del 10%, el cual se consideró obstructivo y una PdetQmax menor de 40, en un 37%, lo cual es congruente con los resultados de la uroflujometria, además de relacionarse con residuo postmiccional elevado.

Conclusión Existe una correlación entre el IPSS y el Qmax, comparado con patrones urodinámicos, la utilización de los índices como métodos no invasivos para el ahorro de costos si es comparable con hallazgos urodinámicos. Sin embargo, existe un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes con Qmax menor de 10 que no corresponden a obstrucción infravesical. Es necesario tener en cuenta que hasta el 23% de los pacientes pueden presentar IPSS moderado o severo sin que el origen sea obstructivo.
Correlation between Second to Fourth Digit Ratio and Anthropometric Variables Indicative of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Swami Shveta , Buddhiraja Virender , Gupta Rimpi , Bansal Swati , Gaur Neha , Sharma Deepak
Published: February 2019

Second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic biometric marker. Regarding indirect evidence, there have been several studies that link the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with the 2D:4D ratio. If the 2D:4D ratio is associated with testosterone and estrogen levels, it may be correlated with a risk of myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study is to find out the correlation between anthropometric risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the 2D:4D ratio in 250 young females of the state of Haryana in Northern India. The present study was conducted on 250 females of the Haryana population aged between 17 and 35 years old. A series of 8 anthropometric measurements was obtained from the participants: height, weight, 2D:4D ratio, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC), and WHR. The data was collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical computation using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Strong positive associations between the NC and the WHR confirm that both measures are indicative of body fat. Also, a positive correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and the WHR suggests that low androgen levels in women are associated with a greater risk of obesity. Moreover, this result, as well as the positive correlation between 2D:4D ratios and NC, suggest that the digit ratio is indicative for being overweight in women and suggest a predisposition toward cardiovascular disease – however, these correlations of body measurements with digit ratios are not significant.
Comparison of Endotracheal Reintubation between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Neonates
Authors: Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Sirianansopa Kantisa , Janjindamai Waricha , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Maneenil Gunlawadee
Published: February 2019

Objective This study aimed to compare the endotracheal reintubation between nasal high-frequency oscillation (nHFO) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) with face mask groups who were followed up for up to 7 days.

Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of extubated neonates admitted between 2013 and 2017. We used a Cox's proportional hazards model to adjust for significant between-group differences in baseline characteristics.

Results One hundred and ninety-nine neonates were on either nHFO or nCPAP after extubation. The median (interquartile range) gestational age and birth weight were 31 (29, 33) weeks and 1,450 (1,065, 1,908) grams, respectively. From the univariate analysis, gestational age, ventilator modes, mean airway pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, oxygen index, caffeine therapy, and initial continuous positive airway pressure level were significantly different between the nHFO and nCPAP groups. There was no significant difference in the 7-day reintubation rate of neonates on nHFO compared with nCPAP (hazard ratio: 2.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.97–5.84; p = 0.05). By multivariate analysis, there was no statistically significant difference of reintubation rate between nHFO and nCPAP by Cox's proportional hazards model.

Conclusion The nHFO mode with face mask is the choice for noninvasive ventilation to prevent reintubation during the week following extubation.
Artificial intelligence may help in predicting the need for additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer
Authors: Ichimasa Katsuro , Kudo Shin-ei , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Matsudaira Shingo , Kouyama Yuta , Baba Toshiyuki , Hidaka Eiji , Wakamura Kunihiko , Hayashi Takemasa , Kudo Toyoki , Ishigaki Tomoyuki , Yagawa Yusuke , Nakamura Hiroki , Takeda Kenichi , Haji Amyn , Hamatani Shigeharu , Mori Kensaku , Ishida Fumio , Miyachi Hideyuki
Published: February 2019

Background and study aims Decisions concerning additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) are difficult because preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is problematic. We investigated whether artificial intelligence can predict LNM presence, thus minimizing the need for additional surgery.

Patients and methods Data on 690 consecutive patients with T1 CRCs that were surgically resected in 2001 – 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided patients into two groups according to date: data from 590 patients were used for machine learning for the artificial intelligence model, and the remaining 100 patients were included for model validation. The artificial intelligence model analyzed 45 clinicopathological factors and then predicted positivity or negativity for LNM. Operative specimens were used as the gold standard for the presence of LNM. The artificial intelligence model was validated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting LNM, and comparing these data with those of the American, European, and Japanese guidelines.

Results Sensitivity was 100 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 72 % to 100 %) in all models. Specificity of the artificial intelligence model and the American, European, and Japanese guidelines was 66 % (95 %CI 56 % to 76 %), 44 % (95 %CI 34 % to 55 %), 0 % (95 %CI 0 % to 3 %), and 0 % (95 %CI 0 % to 3 %), respectively; and accuracy was 69 % (95 %CI 59 % to 78 %), 49 % (95 %CI 39 % to 59 %), 9 % (95 %CI 4 % to 16 %), and 9 % (95 %CI 4 % – 16 %), respectively. The rates of unnecessary additional surgery attributable to misdiagnosing LNM-negative patients as having LNM were: 77 % (95 %CI 62 % to 89 %) for the artificial intelligence model, and 85 % (95 %CI 73 % to 93 %; P < 0.001), 91 % (95 %CI 84 % to 96 %; P < 0.001), and 91 % (95 %CI 84 % to 96 %; P < 0.001) for the American, European, and Japanese guidelines, respectively.

Conclusions Compared with current guidelines, artificial intelligence significantly reduced unnecessary additional surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 CRC without missing LNM positivity.
High-speed adaptive optics using bimorph deformable x-ray mirrors
Authors: Alcock Simon G. , Nistea Ioana-Theodora , Badami Vivek G. , Signorato Riccardo , Sawhney Kawal
Published: February 2019

Recently, the dynamic performance of piezo-electric deformable “bimorph” mirrors for synchrotron radiation and X-ray free electron laser sources has been characterized and significantly improved. This innovation enables high intensity X-ray beams to be rapidly focused or defocused to either match to the size of the sample under test or to select different sized regions of interest in larger samples. In this paper, we extend these results by monitoring a bimorph mirror using a combination of ex situ metrology instruments. Comparison between results from the Diamond-NOM (Nanometre Optical Metrology) slope profiler, a Fizeau interferometer, and Zygo ZPSTM distance measuring probes shows that bimorph X-ray mirrors can reliably and accurately be driven at 1 Hz using advanced features recently added to the high voltage (HV), bipolar “HV-Adaptos” power supply from CAEN.
Simulation of the magnetization process of a gapped magnetic core based on the Jiles–Atherton model
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang He , Liu Yi , Liu Siwei , Lin Fuchang , Li Hua , Pan Yuan
Published: February 2019

The Jiles–Atherton (J-A) model is used to simulate the magnetization process in a gapped magnetic core. A test platform for investigating the magnetic properties of a gapped core is designed and constructed. The hysteresis curves of an amorphous alloy core are measured for different gap lengths. Simulated hysteresis curves based on the original and inverse J-A models are obtained and are compared with the measured curves. The simulation result based on the original J-A model is better than that based on the inverse J-A model. The applicability of a modified J-A model to gapped cores is analyzed. The influence of gap length on inductance is analyzed from the perspective of the magnetic circuit. The inductance is calculated based on the J-A model, and the results indicate that the J-A model has high accuracy in this application.
Compact embedded device for lock-in measurements and experiment active control
Authors: Luda Marcelo Alejandro , Drechsler Martin , Schmiegelow Christian Tomás , Codnia Jorge
Published: February 2019

We present a multi-purpose toolkit for digital processing, acquisition, and feedback control designed for physics labs. The kit provides in a compact device the functionalities of several instruments: function generator, oscilloscope, lock-in amplifier, proportional-integral-derivative filters, ramp scan generator, and a lock-control. The design combines field-programmable-gate-array processing and microprocessor programing to get precision, ease of use, and versatility. It can be remotely operated through the network with different levels of control: from simple off-the-shelf Web graphical user interface to remote script control or in-device programmed operation. Three example applications are presented in this work on laser spectroscopy and laser locking experiments. The examples include side-fringe locking, peak locking through lock-in demodulation, and complete in-device Pound–Drever–Hall modulation and demodulation at 31.25 MHz and advanced acquisition examples like real-time data streaming for remote storage.
Tuned optical and magnetic properties of Ce3+ doped SnS2 quantum dots
Authors: Zhao Qi , Lu Qing , Liu Yi , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: February 2019

Magnetic semiconductor materials have been highly desired for spintronic applications in the past few years. Doping is an effective method to manipulate the magnetic and optical characteristics of non-magnetic semiconducting materials. Tin disulfide (SnS2), as a wide bandgap layered semiconductor, is a promising material in many fields, especially in spintronic devices. In this work, we propose a facile chemical reaction method to synthesize SnS2:Ce3+ quantum dots (QDs), and the optical and magnetic characteristics of the as-obtained samples are fully investigated. The results show that the substitutional Ce3+ dopants introduce robust intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in the SnS2 semiconductor and the doping concentration of Ce3+ ions effectively influences the optical bandgap and photoluminescence properties of the samples. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations using VASP software indicate that ferromagnetism mainly comes from the exchange interaction between 4f and 5d orbitals of the Ce dopant. These findings demonstrate that the doping dependent optical and magnetic characteristics of the SnS2:Ce3+ QD material can enable its application in electronics and spintronics.
Cantilever-based freestanding InGaP/InGaAlP quantum wells microring lasers
Authors: Zhou Taojie , Xiang Guohong , Fang Xuan , Xiang Boyuan , Liu Xiu , Hark Suikong , Zhang Zhaoyu
Published: February 2019

Cantilever-based freestanding microring lasers were demonstrated based on InGaP/InGaAlP quantum wells emitting in the red region. The rotational symmetry of the microring cavity is broken by introducing the connected cantilevers, which induce degenerated mode splitting and single mode lasing emission. The connected cantilevers can not only provide mechanical support for freestanding microring lasers but also function as waveguides for efficient light extraction. In addition, the application of cantilever-based microring lasers had been studied for a refractive index sensor with a measured sensitivity of ∼7.3 nm per refractive index unit and flexible local strain gauges with the measured gauge factor of ∼6.33 nm per stretching unit.
Future prospects of structural studies to advance our understanding of phage biology
Authors: Bárdy Pavol , Hrebík Dominik , Pantůček Roman , Plevka Pavel
Published: February 2019

Bacteriophages, being the most abundant biological entities on the Earth, play a major role in regulating populations of bacteria and thus influence the evolution and stability of ecosystems. Phage infections of pathogenic bacteria can both exacerbate and alleviate the severity of the disease. The structural characterisations of phage particles and individual proteins have enabled the understanding of many aspects of phage biology. Due to methodological limitations, most of the structures were determined from purified samples in vitro. However, studies performed outside the cellular context cannot capture the complex and dynamic interactions of the macromolecules that are required for their biological functions. Current developments in structural biology, in particular cryo-electron microscopy, allow in situ high-resolution studies of phage-infected cells. Here we discuss open questions in phage biology that could be addressed by structural biology techniques and their potential to enable the use of tailed phages in industrial applications and human therapy.
Stand by me(mory): Chronic infection diminishes memory pool via IL-6/STAT1
Authors: Lang Philipp A. , Lang Karl S.
Published: February 2019

Despite great efforts to eradicate chronic viral infections, they still remain a global health problem. In this issue, Barnstorf et al. (2019. J. Exp. Med. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181589) show that virus-unspecific bystander memory T cells are highly affected during chronic viral infection via IL-6/STAT1. Bystander memory T cells are strongly decimated in numbers and change in phenotype and function during chronic viral infection. These data provide new explanations for immune-mediated problems during chronic virus infections.
Resurrecting ‘Lucifer’: The Transmedia Mythology of Harry Lime
Authors: Freer Scott
Published: February 2019

This essay examines the transmedia mythology of the popular but also ‘evil’ character, Harry Lime, who, in The Third Man (1949) written by Graham Greene and directed by Carol Reed, is shot dead in the sewers of postwar Vienna. The romance of Lime begins with a famous ‘Wellesian’ performance, with Orson Welles drawing on a tradition of Shakespearean ‘heroic-acting’, and Reed’s alteration of Greene’s ‘happy’ closure that effectively underscores Hannah Schmidt’s hero-worshipping of a cult criminal figure. Both creative interventions established the platform for Lime’s ‘resurrection’ in the radio series, The Lives of Harry Lime (1951–52), the television series, The Third Man (1959–65), and Orson Welles’ film, Mr. Arkadin (1955). I argue that the moral rehabilitation of Greene’s fallen figure is indicative of postwar conformist entertainment industry and folk nostalgia for the wartime black marketeer as well as the differing ‘moral codes’ operating across transmedia platforms. But, whereas the radio and TV serializations conscript Lime into the detective-agent genre by burying the evil results of his penicillin racket, Mr. Arkadin de-romanticizes Lime and in turn exposes the cultural amnesia of the 1950s by returning to the 1949 film’s morality and Faustian image of a sadistic racketeer. Written in the spirit of Hans Blumenberg’s theory of myth-adaptation as ongoing ‘points of departure’, this essay debates the ethical issues at stake in this character-oriented misappropriation whereby the protagonist’s moral status is transformed across media platforms.
Parameter balancing: consistent parameter sets for kinetic metabolic models
Authors: Lubitz Timo , Liebermeister Wolfram
Published: February 2019

Measured kinetic constants are key input data for metabolic models, but they are often uncertain, inconsistent and incomplete. Parameter balancing translates such data into complete and consistent parameter sets while accounting for predefined ranges and physical constraints. Based on Bayesian regression, it determines a most plausible parameter set as well as uncertainty ranges for all model parameters. Our tools for parameter balancing support standard model and data formats and enable an easy customization of prior distributions and constraints for biochemical constants. Modellers can balance kinetic constants, thermodynamic data and metabolomic data to obtain thermodynamically consistent metabolic states that comply with user-defined flux directions.

Availability and implementation

An online tool for parameter balancing, a stand-alone Python command line tool, a Python package and a Matlab toolbox (which uses the CPLEX solver) are freely available at www.parameterbalancing.net.
LIONS: analysis suite for detecting and quantifying transposable element initiated transcription from RNA-seq
Authors: Babaian Artem , Thompson I Richard , Lever Jake , Gagnier Liane , Karimi Mohammad M , Mager Dixie L
Published: February 2019

Transposable elements (TEs) influence the evolution of novel transcriptional networks yet the specific and meaningful interpretation of how TE-derived transcriptional initiation contributes to the transcriptome has been marred by computational and methodological deficiencies. We developed LIONS for the analysis of RNA-seq data to specifically detect and quantify TE-initiated transcripts.

Availability and implementation

Source code, container, test data and instruction manual are freely available at www.github.com/ababaian/LIONS.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anduril 2: upgraded large-scale data integration framework
Authors: Cervera Alejandra , Rantanen Ville , Ovaska Kristian , Laakso Marko , Nuñez-Fontarnau Javier , Alkodsi Amjad , Casado Julia , Facciotto Chiara , Häkkinen Antti , Louhimo Riku , Karinen Sirkku , Zhang Kaiyang , Lavikka Kari , Lyly Lauri , Pal Singh Maninder , Hautaniemi Sampsa
Published: February 2019

Anduril is an analysis and integration framework that facilitates the design, use, parallelization and reproducibility of bioinformatics workflows. Anduril has been upgraded to use Scala for pipeline construction, which simplifies software maintenance, and facilitates design of complex pipelines. Additionally, Anduril’s bioinformatics repository has been expanded with multiple components, and tutorial pipelines, for next-generation sequencing data analysis.

Availabilityand implementation

Freely available at http://anduril.org.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Significant functional mitral regurgitation affects left atrial function in heart failure patients: haemodynamic correlations and prognostic implications
Authors: Palmiero Giuseppe , Melillo Enrico , Ferro Adele , Carlomagno Guido , Sordelli Chiara , Ascione Raffaele , Monda Vittorio , Severino Sergio , Ascione Luigi , Caso Pio
Published: February 2019

Aims

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is a well-known pathophysiological factor in heart failure (HF) patients, and left atrial function (LAF) is a novel determinant of clinical status and outcome in this setting. However, little is known about the pathophysiological role of FMR on LAF in HFrEF patients. Aim of this study is to explore the possible interplay between the severity of FMR and LAF in heart failure with reduce ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients and their possible consequences.

Methods and results

We studied 97 consecutive patients with FMR classified in two groups: mild-to-moderate MR ore less (FMR group, n = 38) and moderate-to-severe or more (SFMR group, n = 59). Using the phasic method, left atrial contractile, conduit, reservoir, and total emptying function (TLAEF) were calculated to assess LAF. SFMR group showed significantly lower values of LAF compared to FMR group. LA dysfunction (LA-dys) was defined for TLAEF values below the median and groups divided in four subgroups based on its presence. Patient with LA-Dys in SFMR group showed a worse clinical status, higher incidence of right ventricular dysfunction (RV-Dys), and pulmonary hypertension (PH), and a significant worse clinical survival compared to all other groups.

Conclusion

In our study, the survival was significantly lower in SFMR/LA-Dys+ group. Furthermore, LA-Dys was strongly related with worse clinical status and higher incidence of PH and RV-Dys. These results suggest that in patients with SFMR and HFrEF, LA-Dys may represent both a marker of more advanced disease and a novel prognostic factor.