bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Data Analysis and Police Body-Worn Camera Footage
Authors: McCluskey John D. , Uchida Craig D.
Published: February 2023

Video data analysis (VDA) represents an important methodological framework for contemporary research approaches to the myriad of footage available from cameras, devices, and phones. Footage from police body-worn cameras (BWCs) is anticipated to be a widely available platform for social science researchers to scrutinize the interactions between police and citizens. We examine issues of validity and reliability as related to BWCs in the context of VDA, based on an assessment of the quality of audio and video obtained from that platform. Second, we compare the coding of BWC footage obtained from a sample of police-citizen encounters to coding of the same events by on-scene coders using an instrument adapted from in-person systematic social observations (SSOs). Findings show that there are substantial and systematic audio and video gaps present in BWC footage as a source of data for social science investigation that likely impact the reliability of measures. Despite these problems, BWC data have substantial capacity for judging sequential developments, causal ordering, and the duration of events. Thus, the technology should open theoretical frames that are too cumbersome for in-person observation. Theoretical development with VDA in mind is suggested as an important pathway for future researchers in terms of framing data collection from BWCs and also suggesting areas where triangulation is essential.
High impact strength of aliphatic polyketone/polyamide 6 blends induced by a chemical reaction
Authors: Kwon Hong Gu , Park Jungyeon , Kim Namho , Lee Shichoon , Shim Jaeyoon , Lee Mincheol , Son Younggon
Published: February 2023

Compatibility and physical properties of aliphatic polyketon (PK)/polyamide 6 (PA6) blend were investigated. The PK and PA6 showed high adhesion strength and thus impact strength of PK/PA6 blends was very high. It was observed that PK-PA6 copolymers are formed by a chemical reaction between the two polymers and the copolymers act as a reactive compatibilizer in the PK/PA6 blends. The presence of the PK-PA6 copolymer was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The adhesion strength between PK and PA6 was very high compared to a typical incompatible polymer pair. PA6 investigated herein has two end groups, NH2 and carboxylic acid. We also adopted end-capped PA6 that has two carboxylic acid end groups. The adhesion strength and impact strength of the PK/end-capped PA6 blends was much lower than that of PK/PA6 blends. More importantly, the PK-PA6 copolymer was not formed in the PK/end-capped PA6 blends. Thus, it was concluded that the chemical reaction occurs between the carbonyl of PK and the primary amine end group of PA6. Due to the high impact strength of PK/PA6 blends, possible applications could be automotive parts where higher impact strength is required.
Food Insecurity Among U.K. Veterans
Authors: Stretesky Paul B. , Defeyter Margaret Anne
Published: February 2023

This research compares food insecurity for U.K. veterans and nonveterans using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 10-item Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM) for a sample of 1,492 participants. We find 1 in 10 veterans are living in a food-insecure household but that veteran status is not related to food insecurity. In addition, income and housing benefits are correlated with food insecurity for veterans and for nonveterans, but disability benefits are correlated with food insecurity among veterans only. Specifically, veterans with disability benefits averaged 1.12 (95% confidence interval, [0.42, 1.82]) more points (indicating more food insecurity) on the AFFSM than veterans without those benefits. These findings raise concerns that low-income disabled veterans with housing needs are a unique population at risk of living in food insecurity. Given the absence of research on food insecurity among U.K. veterans, it is necessity to study this population in greater detail and implement screening protocols where possible.
Robust cascade control strategy for trajectory tracking to decouple disturbances using 3-degree-of-freedom inertial stabilized platform and its experimental validation
Authors: Dey Saugato , Sunil Kumar Thazhe Kunnath , Ashok Sankar , Shome Saikat Kumar
Published: February 2023

Inertial stabilized platform (ISP) is a vital component in modern tracking system which can segregate unsettling influence, keep altitude reference and rapidly realize identification and tracking of the target. For accurate tracking, the platform should be able to continuously point towards the target in presence of disturbances as well as parametric uncertainties associated with system modelling which normally degrade system performance. To tackle these challenges, different kinds of control strategies have been reported to achieve desired performance. However, there is an inevitable design trade-off between tracking and disturbance rejection capability as control performance decreases with the increase in system robustness. To alleviate this problem, the present work proposes a robust two-loop cascade control strategy where genetic algorithm (GA) optimized proportional–integral–derivative (PID) in the outer-loop facilitates precision tracking of the target. In the inner loop, lower-order robust controller designed by approximate generalized time moment (AGTM)/approximate generalized Markov parameter (AGMP) model matching approach is used to retain the robustness characteristics of [Formula: see text] controller to mitigate disturbances and model parametric uncertainties. System performance is verified through simulation as well as hardware implementation on a laboratory-fabricated three-axis gimbal platform prototype. The results show 48% improvement in tracking performance and 39.69% improvement in the rejection time of step disturbance in comparison with conventional PID control strategy.
Sellers, Shifters, Sharers & Science Communicators: The initial beliefs and positions of fitness influencers and creators on Instagram
Authors: Kubler Kyle
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the initial beliefs about social media held by fitness influencers and content creators. As influencers and content creators continue to play a growing role in mediating our social world, who invests in this work, and why, becomes increasingly important. Using semi-structured interviews with 41 fitness influencers and creators, this article identifies four typologies of initial belief: Science Communicator, Seller, Shifter, and Sharer. Differences in beliefs were explained in part by the variety of social positions held by influencers and creators within the fitness industry. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of social position and belief, this article aims to create a more generalizable account of who influencers and creators are, and why they continue to believe investments in social media are worth it.
Vitamin B12 status in term pregnant women and the cord blood samples of their newborns: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Venkata Surekha Mullapudi , Shravanthi Gadhiraju , Shalini Tattari , Uday Kumar Putcha
Published: February 2023

Background and aim: In India, total vitamin B12 (Vit B12) and its active form (active B12) have not been studied in mother’s blood and cord blood. We hypothesized that total and active B12 levels are sufficiently maintained in cord blood despite low levels in mothers. Methods: Two hundred term pregnant mother's blood and cord blood was collected and analyzed for total Vit B12 (radioimmunoassay method) and active B12 levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Mean values of constant or continuous variables (hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), and Vit B12) were compared in mother's blood and newborn cord blood using Student's t-test and multiple comparisons within the groups were carried out with ANOVA. Spearman's correlation (Vit B12) and multivariable backward regression analyses (height, weight, education, body mass index (BMI) and Hb, PCV, MCV, WBC, and Vit B12 levels) were also performed. Results: Total Vit 12 deficiency was highly prevalent at 89% and active B12 deficiency was 36.7% in mothers. Cord blood showed total Vit B12 deficiency prevalence of 53% and active B12 deficiency being 9.3%. Total Vit B12 ( p<0.001) and active B12 ( p<0.001) levels were significantly higher in cord blood when compared to mother's blood. In multivariate analysis, higher total and active B12 levels in mother's blood predicted higher levels of total and active B12 levels in cord blood. Conclusion: Our study showed higher prevalence of total and active Vit B12 deficiency in mothers compared to cord blood thus indicating their transfer to fetus irrespective of mother's status. Maternal Vit B12 levels affected cord blood Vit B12 levels.
The effect of background music tempo on eating speed and food intake volume within in healthy women
Authors: Sato Naoto , Miyamoto Mana , Santa Risa , Homma Chihiro , Shibuya Kenichi
Published: February 2023

Background

The effects of the different tempos of background music (BGM) on food intake and eating speed have not been fully studied.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the influence of changing the tempo of BGM during meals on food intake and to explore strategies to support appropriate eating behavior.

Methods

Twenty-six healthy young adult women participated in this study. In the experimental phase, each participant ate a meal under three separate conditions: fast (120% speed), moderate (original, 100% speed), and slow (80% speed) BGM. The same music was used for each condition, and appetite before and after eating, the amount of food consumed, and eating speed were recorded.

Results

The results showed that food intake (g, mean ± standard error (SE)) was slow: 317.9 ± 22.2, moderate: 400.7 ± 16.0, and fast: 342.9 ± 22.0. Eating speed (g/s, mean ± SE) was slow: 28.1 ± 2.8, moderate: 34.2 ± 2.7, and fast: 27.2 ± 2.4. The analysis showed that the moderate condition showed greater speed than the fast and slow conditions (slow–fast: p = .008; moderate–slow: p = .012; moderate–fast: p = .004). Moreover, the food intake in the moderate condition was significantly higher than that in the slow and fast conditions (moderate–slow: p < .001; moderate–fast: p < .001), and there was no significant difference between the slow and fast conditions in this regard ( p = .077).

Conclusion

These results suggest that original tempo BGM led to higher food intake compared to the faster and slower tempo conditions. These findings suggest that listening to music at an original tempo during meals may support appropriate eating behavior.
Regenerative medicine for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Fengfeng , Cheung Chi Wai , Wong Stanley Sau Ching
Published: February 2023

Low back pain (LBP) is a common and important clinical problem. In addition to pain, patients are also affected by personal, social, and economic burdens. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of LBP, further increasing the patient’s morbidity and medical costs. The limitations of current treatment strategies for long-term pain relief mean that increasing attention has been paid to regenerative medicine. We carried out a narrative review to explore the roles of four types of regenerative medicine for treating LBP: marrow-derived stem cells, growth factors, platelet-rich plasma, and prolotherapy. Marrow-derived stem cells are regarded as an ideal cell source for IVD regeneration. Growth factors may stimulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix and attenuate or reverse the degenerative process in IVD, while platelet-rich plasma, which contains multiple growth factors, is thought to be a promising alternative therapy for IVD degeneration. Prolotherapy can initiate the body’s inflammatory healing response to repair injured joints and connective tissues. This review summarizes the mechanisms, in vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical applications of these four types of regenerative medicine in patients with LBP.
Septicemia caused by an emerging pathogen, Elizabethkingia miricola, in a laboratory colony of African dwarf frogs (Hymenochirus curtipes)
Authors: Yang Stephanie , Si Catherine , Mani Rinosh , Keller Jill , Hoenerhoff Mark J.
Published: February 2023

An outbreak of morbidity and mortality in an African dwarf frog ( Hymenochirus curtipes) colony was reported following arrival at an animal research facility. Animals were found dead on arrival or became moribund shortly thereafter, and additional animals showed clinical signs of lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia over the following 3 weeks. Externally, some affected animals presented with multifocal areas of hyperemia in the inguinal and axillary areas and on the limbs, and mottled tan discoloration along the ventral abdomen. Histologically, lesions were consistent with generalized septicemia, characterized by granulomatous meningitis, otitis media, peritonitis (coelomitis), myocarditis and pericarditis, nephritis, pneumonia, and arthritis. Gram staining identified gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria free within tissues and within macrophages. Culture results of coelomic swabs identified moderate to numerous Elizabethkingia miricola. Testing of water from tanks housing affected animals showed elevated levels of nitrites and ammonia, and the presence of Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus spp. cultured from several tank biofilters. E miricola is a newly recognized and rapidly emerging opportunistic pathogen in anurans and has been reported as a cause of septicemia in humans. This report documents the first occurrence of E. miricola septicemia in African dwarf frogs and illustrates the importance of this potential pathogen in the laboratory setting for amphibian research colonies, as well as those individuals directly working with them.
Four millennia of geomorphic change and human settlement in the lower Usumacinta–Grijalva River Basin, Mexico
Authors: Muñoz-Salinas Esperanza , Cook Duncan , Castillo Miguel , Beach Timothy , Luzzadder-Beach Sheryl
Published: February 2023

The lower Usumacinta–Grijalva River Basin contains one of the richest biodiversity landscapes of the Maya region. Our research is based on (1) an integrative literature review of the geomorphological and archaeological papers published about the lower Usumacinta–Grijalva River Basin and (2) topographic analysis of digital elevation models using a geographical information system to explore the relationship between past human settlement and landscape accessibility along the coastal plain of Tabasco. This work provides a new synthesis of previous research and proposes new models for the geomorphic evolution of the lower Usumacinta–Grijalva River Basin in the context of four millennia of human land use and settlement. For the evolution of the strand-plain of the Usumacinta and Grijalva rivers, there are two published geochronological models that provide different chronologies. We discuss here how both geochronological models encompass Pre-Columbian human settlement in the delta. Interestingly, we notice that one of them overlaps a possible high-magnitude flood event (or events) that drove large geomorphic change around 750 CE (1200 BP), with implications for settlement patterns and chronology. Based on topographical analysis of the eastern-distal sector of the Usumacinta–Grijalva delta, we propose a new model for the evolution of this area with implications for the human occupation during the Mesoamerican Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic on the delta. As one of the main conclusions, we propose that the Pom–Atasta water bodies predate much of the Usumacinta–Grijalva delta and the most recent phase of delta building overlays the original lagoon barriers, resulting in a geomorphic setting more attractive to local human occupation after the Terminal Classic period. According to one of the geochronological models of the delta, this dates to ca. 900 CE, preceding the establishment of nearby settlements such as Atasta.
Same but Different—ECMO in COVID-19 and ARDS of Other Etiologies. Comparison of Survival Outcomes and Management in Different ARDS Groups
Authors: Golicnik Alenka , Zivanovic Ina , Gorjup Vojka , Berden Jernej
Published: February 2023

Background: COVID-19 has led to increased numbers of patients in need of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, but knowledge on management in comparison to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of other etiologies is still lacking. We analyzed venovenous ECMO management and survival outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in comparison to influenza ARDS and pulmonary ARDS of other origin. Results: Retrospective analysis of prospective venovenous ECMO registry-based data collection was performed. One hundred consecutive venovenous ECMO patients with severe ARDS were included (41 COVID-19, 24 influenza A, 35 ARDS of other etiologies). Patients with COVID-19 had higher BMI (body mass index), lower SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) and APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) scores, lower C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels and less vasoactive support at ECMO initiation. Significantly more patients were mechanically ventilated for more than 7 days prior to ECMO initiation in the COVID-19 group, however they were ventilated with lower tidal volumes and more often received additional rescue therapies prior to and on ECMO. COVID-19 patients had significantly more barotrauma and thrombotic events on ECMO. There were no differences in weaning of ECMO, however duration of ECMO runs and ICU length of stay was significantly longer in the COVID-19 group. The leading cause of death in the COVID-19 group was irreversible respiratory failure, while uncontrolled sepsis and multiorgan failure were leading causes in the other 2 groups. All patients who survived ICU treatment were discharged out of hospital, and there were no differences in survival among groups at 180 days. Conclusions: Survival outcomes of venovenous ECMO patients do not differ between COVID-19 and ARDS of other pulmonary etiologies. ARDS guidelines were in greater proportion adhered to in COVID-19 patients, with, however, longer time to ECMO initiation. COVID-19 ARDS seems specific as a more single-organ disease with longer ECMO duration and irreversible respiratory failure as a main cause of ICU mortality.
COVID-19, the New Urban Crisis, and Cities: How COVID-19 Compounds the Influence of Economic Segregation and Inequality on Metropolitan Economic Performance
Authors: Florida Richard , Gabe Todd
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the connection between measures of a U.S. metropolitan area's new urban crisis (i.e., unaffordable housing, economic inequality, and residential segregation) and its year-over-year employment change in the period immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that measures of the new urban crisis did not generally have a statistically significant association with year-over-year employment change between January and September of 2020, which captures the period before COVID-19 and the beginning of the pandemic (e.g., shutdown). The severity of a region's economic segregation and inequality, however, are associated with higher rates of employment decline in the early recovery months of October to December of 2020. These findings suggest that places that rate worse for indicators of the new urban crisis were less able to recover from the negative economic shocks related to COVID-19.
Tocilizumab Versus Baricitinib for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Troyer Bradley S. , Kovacic Scherrer Nicole , Garavaglia Jeffrey
Published: February 2023

Background: Tocilizumab and baricitinib have emerged as potential treatments for patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following the findings of the Recovery Group and the results of the COV-BARRIER study. Unfortunately, there is a lack of guidance regarding the use of these agents in high-risk patients, such as those with obesity. Objective: To compare the outcomes of tocilizumab and baricitinib as potential treatments for obese patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: This was a multi-center retrospective analysis comparing outcomes of obese patients who received the standard of care plus tocilizumab or baricitinib for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Included patients had a BMI >30 kg/m2, needed ICU level care, and required non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support. Results: This study included 64 patients who received tocilizumab and 69 patients who received baricitinib. When examining the primary outcome, patients who received tocilizumab had a shorter duration of ventilatory support (10.0 vs 15.0 days, P = .016) than patients who received baricitinib. Our secondary outcome of in-hospital mortality was lower in the tocilizumab group as well (23.4% vs 53.6%, P < .001). Tocilizumab was also associated with a non-significant reduction in new positive blood cultures (13.0% vs 3.1%, P = .056) and new invasive fungal infection (7.3% vs 1.6%, P = .210). Conclusions: This retrospective review showed a reduced duration of ventilatory support in obese patients who received tocilizumab vs baricitinib. In the future, additional studies should be conducted to further examine and confirm these results.
Mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of natural fibre-reinforced polyester
Authors: Abdellah Mohammed Y , Sadek Mustafa Gamal , Alharthi Hamzah , Abdel-Jaber G T
Published: February 2023

Natural fibres have been used in a wide range of polymer composite reinforcements to produce new composites with good properties that can be used in many applications. In this study, the fracture toughness, acoustic, and thermal properties of date palm fibre (DPF)/polyester composite and DPF/sheep wool hybrid reinforced polyester were investigated. Physical properties, such as water absorption and thickness swelling, have also been reported. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the composites and hybrids were obtained. The composites and hybrids were produced by compression moulding and cut into standard shapes before being tested. DPF and DPF/sheep wool contents (wt%) were 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The test results indicate that the fracture toughness improved from 3.45 MPa·m1/2 (with 0% additive content) to 11.55 MPa·m1/2 (with 20% DPF content) and 13.95 MPa·m1/2 (with 20% hybrid content). The energy release rate increased from 3.99 kJ/M2 (with 0% additive content) to 39.82 kJ/M2 (with 20% DPF content) and 53 kJ/M2 (with 20% hybrid content) due to the good adhesion between the matrix and fibres. DPF improved the acoustic insulation properties of the polyester/DPF composite with mass fractions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. At a frequency of 2000 Hz, the acoustic attenuation in decibels (dB) increased from 16.2 dB with pure polyester to 17.2, 18.2, and 19.5 dB with 10%, 20%, and 30% DPF content, respectively. The increase in sheep wool and DPF hybrids in the polyester matrix increased the acoustic attenuation to 18.4, 20.6, and 24 dB, respectively, because DPF and sheep wool have good acoustic insulation properties. Thermal conductivity was 0.161 W/m·C with 0% additive content, decreasing to 0.133, 0.107, and 0.082 W/m·C with 10%, 20%, and 30% DPF content, respectively, and 0.112, 0.073, and 0.051 W/m·C for 10%, 20%, and 30% DPF/sheep wool hybrid content, respectively, owing to good thermal insulation properties of DPF and sheep wool. Water absorption gradually increased with DPF and DPF/sheep wool hybrid because DPF and sheep wool have good absorption properties. Thickness swelling increased with increasing DPF and DPF/sheep wool hybrid contents but not to the same extent. SEM images indicated good distribution and bonding of DPF with the polyester matrix up to 20% and good results for DPF/sheep wool with the polyester hybrid at 10% and 20% hybrid content.
A novel UAV-integrated deep network detection and relative position estimation approach for weeds
Authors: Abdulsalam Mahmoud , Ahiska Kenan , Aouf Nabil
Published: February 2023

This paper aims at presenting a novel monocular vision–based approach for drones to detect multiple type of weeds and estimate their positions autonomously for precision agriculture applications. The methodology is based on classifying and detecting the weeds using a proposed deep neural network architecture, named fused-YOLO on the images acquired from a monocular camera mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) following a predefined elliptical trajectory. The detection/classification is complemented by a new estimation scheme adopting unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to estimate the exact location of the weeds. Bounding boxes are assigned to the detected targets (weeds) such that the centre pixels of the bounding box will represent the centre of the target. The centre pixels are extracted and converted into world coordinates forming azimuth and elevation angles from the target to the UAV, and the proposed estimation scheme is used to extract the positions of the weeds. Experiments were conducted both indoor and outdoor to validate this integrated detection/classification/estimation approach. The errors in terms of misclassification and mispositioning of the weeds estimation were minimum, and the convergence of the position estimation results was short taking into account the affordable platform with cheap sensors used in the experiments.
A hybrid technique for grid-connected solar–wind hybrid system with electric vehicles
Authors: Ponnapalli Bhanu , Lakshmikhandan K , Palanisamy Kannan , Sithambaram Muthukumaran
Published: February 2023

This article proposes a hybrid technique for a grid-connected solar–wind hybrid system with electric vehicles. The Mexican Axolotl Optimization and wild horse optimizer are the proposed optimization techniques. The wild horse optimizer improves the axolotl's life behavior. As a result, the proposed scheme is conducted while reducing the annualized cost of the system and utilizing the proposed method. Using modern optimization approaches, the component is sized to achieve the lowest levelized cost of electricity by decreasing the loss of power supply probability. Lastly, the sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the influence of maximum grid sales and buy capabilities on levelized cost of electricity. The proposed technique's performance is then executed in MATLAB environment and compared to several current methodologies. As a result of the simulation outcomes, the efficiency and performance of the current method are compared to other techniques. According to simulation outcomes, the energy management system (EMS) may lower general expenses by more than 55% and 29% in summer and winter, respectively, while ensuring the satisfaction rate of demand for electric vehicle-charging without knowing the departure times of electric vehicles.
Nutritional labelling of food products purchased from online retail outlets: screening of compliance with European Union tolerance limits by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bragolusi Marco , Tata Alessandra , Massaro Andrea , Zacometti Carmela , Piro Roberto
Published: February 2023

Nutritional information provided on food labels can impact healthy dietary decisions of consumers. The accuracy of the information provided is of paramount importance to guide consumers’ food choices and prevent food-related chronic diseases. The present study aimed to verify the veracity of nutritional labels of 103 food products purchased online through well-known e-commerce websites (80 processed and 23 unprocessed items) using near infrared spectroscopy. Among processed food products, surprisingly, 28 food products out of 80 (35%) did not bear nutritional labels. Considering the European tolerances for nutrient values declared on a label, the comparison of experimental values with those reported on the labels showed that more than 74% of the values declared on the label were congruent with the NIR experimental data, whereas 7.5% of the label values were non-compliant with the tolerance limits, and about 11.3% were slightly outside the tolerance limits. Note that 6.6% of the values indicated in the labels did not abide the regulation at all. Finally, 35.8% of the samples showed at least one value outside the tolerance limits. The current study demonstrated the capability of NIR spectroscopy for monitoring the compliance of nutritional labels with EU tolerance limits and guiding the choice of reference methods for further confirmation purposes.
A Systematic Review of Critical Systems Thinking (CST) in the Education Field: Gaps and Opportunities for Systemic Change Toward Racial Equity
Authors: Muñiz Raquel , Woolsey Melissa , Keffer Sarah , Barragán Sergio
Published: February 2023

Amid persistent systemic racism, society is interested in changing education systems toward racial equity. Education law and policy play a critical role in these efforts. Given this context, we conducted a systematic review to examine the use of critical systems thinking (CST) in education, a tradition that can aid researchers studying education law and policy issues that implicate racial equity in education. We found CST has been scarcely used in the field of education but, when used, it has been used to advance social justice concerns. We identify the applicability of CST in education and the opportunities that still exist for researchers to integrate CST in their critical work examining systemic racial inequity.
Primary Intracranial Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Rao Shilpa , Jain Parul , Chaurasia Kavish , Beniwal Manish , Sadashiva Nishanth , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Santosh Vani
Published: February 2023

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) commonly involves extremities and head and neck regions. Primary intracranial ASPS is rare. We report a series of 3 primary intracranial ASPS. These were not suspected clinically and histopathology with immunohistochemistry proved to be diagnostic in all 3 tumors.
Metastatic Mammary Carcinoma Presenting as a Large Cystic Axillary Mass: A Report of an Unusual Case
Authors: Maybank Allison K. , Curtis Heather , Topp Trevor , Barnes Penny J
Published: February 2023

The differential diagnosis of cystic axillary masses is broad and includes intranodal lesions. Cystic metastatic tumor deposits are rare, and have been reported in a few tumor types, most commonly in the head and neck region, but rarely described with metastatic mammary carcinoma. We report a case of a 61-year-old female who presented with a large right axillary mass. Imaging studies revealed a cystic axillary mass and ipsilateral breast mass. She was managed with breast conservation surgery and axillary dissection for invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type, Nottingham grade 2 (21 mm). One of nine lymph nodes contained a cystic nodal deposit (52 mm), which resembled a benign inclusion cyst. Oncotype DX recurrence score for the primary tumor was low (8), conferring a low risk of disease recurrence despite the large size of the nodal metastatic deposit. A cystic pattern of metastatic mammary carcinoma is rare and important to recognize for accurate staging and management decisions.
A Rare PDGFRA Exon 15 Germline Mutation Identified in a Patient With Phenotypic Manifestations Concerning for GIST-Plus Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wang Chiyun , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Lieberman Michael D. , Tubito-Massarano Francesca , Qin Lihui , Yemelyanova Anna , Solomon James P. , Hissong Erika
Published: February 2023

Molecular alterations in PDGFRA are well-described as drivers of sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs). However, a small number of families with germline PDGFRA mutations in exons 12, 14, and 18 have been reported, forming the basis of an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, now referred to as PDGFRA-mutant syndrome or GIST-plus syndrome. Phenotypic manifestations of this rare syndrome include multiple gastrointestinal GISTS, IFPs, fibrous tumors, and other variable features. Herein, we report the case of a 58-year-old female who presented with a gastric GIST and numerous small intestinal IFPs, found to harbor a previously undescribed germline PDGFRA exon 15 p.G680R mutation. Somatic tumor testing was performed on the GIST, a duodenal IFP, and an ileal IFP utilizing a targeted next-generation sequencing panel, revealing additional and distinct secondary PDGFRA exon 12 somatic mutations in each of the 3 tumors. Our findings raise important considerations regarding mechanisms of tumor development in patients with underlying germline PDGFRA alterations and highlight the potential utility of expanding currently available germline and somatic testing panels to include exons outside the typical hotspot regions.
NGO and Global Voluntary Standards in Sustainable Seafood: The Case of Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) in Indonesia
Authors: Karim Moch Faisal , Almira Jassinda
Published: February 2023

This article examines the role of non-governmental organisation in supporting the implementation of global voluntary certification. This article investigates how World Wildlife Fund (WWF) helps implement the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) ecolabel standard in Indonesia. As the world’s second-largest aquaculture fish-producing country, many Indonesian seafood products are rejected in the international market due to quality problems. This makes Indonesia an ideal country for implementing sustainable aquaculture practices. Using transition theory as a framework, we find that WWF has played a key role in three areas: (1) harmonisation of national regulations with ASC principles, (2) establishment of a campaign program to advocate for the public on sustainable seafood consumption behaviour, and (3) creating a special agency to assist to fishery industry players in obtaining ASC certificates. Our finding sheds lights on the importance of strong collaboration between business actors, states, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to implement global voluntary standards.
A Brief Internet-Based Passive Psychoeducation Intervention to Promote Healthy Relationships Among Young Adults: A Pilot Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Debowska Agata , Harding-Brown Lauren , Cowen Megan , Brickell Larne , Chunara Anisah , Covelluzzi Chiara , Darker Kirsten O. , Hill Emily , Saeed Rijja , Vassiliou Argyro
Published: February 2023

This pilot randomized controlled trial tested the potential efficacy of a brief internet-based, passive psychoeducation intervention, Free From Abuse, in promoting healthy relationships among young adults. Participants aged 18 to 24 years were randomly assigned to an intervention treatment ( n = 71) or a placebo control condition ( n = 77). Participants in the treatment arm had a larger increase in recognition of abusive behavior and reduction in domestic violence myth acceptance scores than participants in the control arm postintervention and after one week. This study provides preliminary evidence that brief internet-based passive psychoeducation is potentially useful in promoting healthy relationships among young adults.
The Effect of Meditation-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Symptoms and Executive Function in People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Zeping , Chang Xiaolong , Zhang Weijing , Yang Suyong , Zhao Guangsheng
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of MBIs (Mindfulness, Tai Chi, Yoga, and Qigong) on symptoms and executive function (EF) in ADHD.

Method:

PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and CNKI databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of MBIs on symptoms and EF in ADHD. Data extraction and methodological quality evaluation were conducted by two researchers, and a meta-analysis was conducted by Stata SE.

Results:

The pooled meta-analyses of MBIs revealed a positive and small effect on inattention ( g = −0.26), hyperactivity/impulsivity ( g = −0.19), and EF ( g = −0.35).

Conclusion:

Results suggest that MBIs have a significant improvement relative to the control condition. Although some results show that symptoms are affected by age, interventions, and total time of moderators, while EF is not affected by age and measurement, it needs to be supported by more research evidence. ( J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX)
Manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy in cats
Authors: Moretto Laura , Beckmann Katrin , Günther Christian , Herzig Robert , Rampazzo Antonella , Suter Anja , Steffen Frank , Glaus Tony
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Hypertensive encephalopathy in cats is an important entity but is underestimated in clinical practice. This could be explained, in part, by non-specific clinical signs. The objective of this study was to characterise the clinical manifestations of hypertensive encephalopathy in cats.

Methods

Cats with systemic hypertension (SHT) recognised by routine screening, associated with underlying predisposing disease or a clinical presentation suggestive of SHT (neurological or non-neurological), were prospectively enrolled over a 2-year period. Confirmation of SHT was based on at least two sets of measurements of systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg by Doppler sphygmomanometry.

Results

Fifty-six hypertensive cats with a median age of 16.5 years were identified; 31 had neurological signs. In 16/31 cats, neurological abnormalities were the primary complaint. The other 15 cats were first presented to the medicine or ophthalmology service, and neurological disease was recognised based on the cat’s history. The most common neurological signs were ataxia, various manifestations of seizures and altered behaviour. Individual cats also showed paresis, pleurothotonus, cervical ventroflexion, stupor and facial nerve paralysis. In 28/30 cats, retinal lesions were detected. Of these 28 cats, six presented with a primary complaint of visual deficits, and neurological signs were not the primary complaint; nine presented with non-specific medical issues, without suspicion of SHT-induced organ damage; in 13 cats, neurological issues were the primary complaint and fundic abnormalities were detected subsequently.

Conclusions and relevance

SHT is common in older cats and the brain is an important target organ; however, neurological deficits are commonly ignored in cats with SHT. Gait abnormalities, (partial) seizures and even mild behavioural changes should prompt clinicians to consider the presence of SHT. A fundic examination in cats with suspected hypertensive encephalopathy is a sensitive test to support the diagnosis.
Enterobacter Cloacae keratitis after corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: A case report
Authors: Al Rasheed Raghad , Almudhaiyan Tariq , Aldebasi Tariq
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To report a case of Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) keratitis in a patient who underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus.

Observations

A 19-year-old female underwent CXL for keratoconus in her left eye. The patient neglected her post-procedure medications and missed the follow-up visit. Subsequently, she presented on day-10 post CXL with redness and pain in the treated eye. Clinical examination revealed a ring-shape infiltrate measuring 7.8 mm in diameter. Culture indicated the presence of E. cloacae. Treatment with gentamicin failed after the emergence of resistance. The patient was successfully treated with amikacin and moxifloxacin over several weeks.

Conclusions

Judicious antibiotic selection is crucial to limit the emergence of resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. All patients need to be educated about their role in the management plan.
Iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion after platelet-rich plasma dermal filler documented with ultra-widefield imaging
Authors: Iovino Claudio , Testa Francesco , Cristiano Luigi , De Rosa Luigi , De Rosa Giuseppe , Simonelli Francesca
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To report a case of iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) secondary to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) dermal filler injection for facial rejuvenation documented with ultra-widefield imaging.

Methods

Case report.

Results

A 45-year-old woman developed a sudden and painful vision loss in the left eye (LE) after a dermal filler injection of PRP in the left glabellar region. She immediately received intravenous corticosteroids with no improvements. Two weeks later a complete ophthalmological examination including visual acuity (VA), fundus examination, ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography was performed. A diagnosis of iatrogenic OAO in the LE with profound ocular ischemia was made and VA remained no light perception. Monthly follow-up visits were scheduled to ascertain the onset of any ocular complication.

Conclusions

Dermal filler injections of PRP can lead to rare but devastating side effects with permanent visual loss. Considering that there is currently no validated treatment strategy, prevention could be the real key of iatrogenic OAO management.
The Impact of a Virtual Tobacco Prevention and Advocacy Training Among Youth in Appalachian Kentucky Communities
Authors: Miller Claire C , Xiao Min , Lay Dillon J , Miley Sierrah N , Vanderford Nathan L , Ickes Melinda J
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Engaging youth is an important component of comprehensive tobacco control programs.

PURPOSE:

This paper describes the impact of a virtual tobacco prevention training program to encourage and prepare youth in Appalachia to support tobacco prevention policies, to strengthen interpersonal confidence to address tobacco use within their communities and enhance advocacy self-efficacy for tobacco control.

METHODS:

A two-part evidence-informed peer-led tobacco prevention and advocacy training was implemented among 16 high school students from Appalachian counties in Kentucky. The initial training (January 2021) included an overview of the e-cigarette landscape, advocacy skills related to policy change, developing messages to decision makers, and media advocacy. A follow-up session (March 2021) included a breakdown of advocacy skills and overcoming barriers.

RESULTS:

Overall, participants held strong beliefs that tobacco use is an issue that needs to be addressed in their community. There was a statistically significant average difference in student interpersonal confidence between baseline and post-surveys (t = 2.016, P = .062 < .1). Students who participated in at least 1 of the provided advocacy events indicated higher self-reported advocacy.

CONCLUSION:

Youth in Appalachia expressed an interest to advocate for stronger tobacco policy in their communities. Youth who participated in the tobacco advocacy policy trainings reported improvements in attitudes, interpersonal confidence, advocacy self-efficacy, and self-reported advocacy. Youth engagement in tobacco policy advocacy is promising and needs to be further supported.
Gemcitabine-Induced Myositis in a Luminal B Breast Cancer patient: A Case Report
Authors: Badran Ahmed , Ali Saad Salman , Arabi Tarek Ziad , Hinkston Abdullaah Khaleel , Shaik Abdullah , Elshenawy Mahmoud A , Ajarim Dahish
Published: February 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive breast cancer is an aggressive cancer which represents approximately a quarter of all breast cancers worldwide. Recent advances have led to the development of targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab (H), which have significantly improved prognosis. Such therapies are currently used alongside other chemotherapeutic agents, such as paclitaxel (P) and gemcitabine (G). The most common side effects of PGH combination therapy include thrombocytopenia and anemias. However, there have been no previous reports of myositis resulting from this combination. We report the case of a 54-year-old metastatic breast cancer patient on PGH therapy who developed muscle weakness. The patient was initially treated with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and paclitaxel. However, pertuzumab was changed to gemcitabine due to severe diarrhea. After the fourth cycle of PGH, the patient presented with muscle weakness and creatine kinase levels of up to 6755 U/L. Magnetic resonance imaging of the femur and pelvis revealed diffuse bilateral myositis, suggesting a diagnosis of gemcitabine-induced myositis. The patient was placed on intravenous fluids and corticosteroids, which resolved her condition. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gemcitabine-induced myositis in a breast cancer patient. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms of gemcitabine-induced myositis and develop preventative measures.
Motives for using news podcasts and political participation intention in South Korea: The mediating effect of political discussion
Authors: Cho Yoon Y. , Park Ahran , Choi Jinho
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine Korean listeners’ motivations for listening to political news podcasts drawing on uses and gratifications. This study revealed five motivations: social support, convenience, ease of obtaining political information, diversion/habitual use, and alternative use/de-authoritative flow. The study also confirmed that the extent to which gratifications sought for political news podcasts differs depending on listeners’ political orientations. Liberals have stronger motivations for convenience in use, ease of obtaining political information, and diversion/habitual use compared to conservatives. Furthermore, this research found that the motivations for social support, alternative use, and diversion/habitual use tend to impact political discussions with others, both online and offline, and this process could encourage their intention of political participation as well.
Cerebrospinal fluid–related tissue damage in multiple sclerosis patients with iron rim lesions
Authors: Wittayer Matthias , Weber Claudia E , Kittel Maximilian , Platten Michael , Schirmer Lucas , Tumani Hayrettin , Gass Achim , Eisele Philipp
Published: February 2023

Background:

In multiple sclerosis (MS), iron rim lesions (IRLs) are associated with pronounced tissue damage, higher disease severity and have been suggested as an imaging marker of chronic active inflammation behind the blood–brain barrier indicating progression. Furthermore, chronic intrathecal compartmentalized inflammation has been suggested to be a mediator of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–related tissue damage.

Objective:

To investigate CSF markers of intrathecal inflammation in patients with at least one IRL compared to patients without IRLs and to investigate tissue damage in lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) with proximity to CSF spaces.

Methods:

A total of 102 patients (51 with at least 1 IRL and 51 age-/sex-matched patients without IRL) scanned with the same 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and having CSF analysis data were included.

Results:

Patients with at least one IRL had higher disability scores, higher lesion volumes, lower brain volumes and a higher intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in IRLs were higher compared to non-IRLs. We observed a negative linear correlation of ADC values in all tissue classes and distance to CSF, which was stronger in patients with high IgG quotients.

Conclusion:

IRLs are associated with higher intrathecal IgG synthesis. CSF-mediated intrathecal smouldering inflammation could explain a CSF-related gradient of tissue damage.