bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lagrange Relaxation for the Capacitated Multi-item Lot-Sizing Problem
Authors: Gao Zhen , Li Danning , Wang Danni , Yu Zengcai
Published: June 2024

The capacitated multi-item lot-sizing problem abbreviated as CLSP, is to determine the lot sizes of products in each period in a given planning horizon of finite periods meeting the product demand and resource limits in each period, and minimize the total cost consisting of production, inventory holding, and setup costs. CLSPs are often encountered in industry production settings and thus the solution is significant. In this paper, we propose a Lagrange relaxation (LR) approach for the solution of its. The approach decomposes the CLSP into several uncapacitated single-item lot-sizing problems each of which can be easily solved by dynamic programming. The feasible solutions are achieved by solving the resulting transportation problems with a proposed stepping-stone algorithm and a fix-up procedure. The Lagrange multipliers are updated by using subgradient optimization. Experimental results show that the LR approach explores high-quality solutions and has better applicability compared with other commonly used solution approaches in the literature.
Critical Challenges in the Anodizing Process of Aluminium -Silicon Cast Alloys—A Review
Authors: Razzouk Emel , Koncz-Horvath Daniel , Török Tamás I.
Published: June 2024

The microstructure of the substrate plays a crucial role in the anodizing process. Anodizing cast aluminum alloys is quite challenging due to the higher levels of alloying elements present compared to pure aluminum. Elements such as silicon, iron, and copper significantly impact the growth and quality of the anodic layer. Additionally, anodizing parameters such as electrolyte composition, current density, and temperature are critical in determining the morphology and thickness of the anodic film. The casting process, surface condition, and post-treatment also affect the properties of the anodic layer. Optimizing these parameters is essential to achieve a durable and high-quality anodic layer. This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the various factors affecting the anodizing of cast aluminum alloys and the properties of the anodic layer, including its thickness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.
Modular Deutsch Entropic Uncertainty Principle
Authors: KRISHNA K. MAHESH
Published: June 2024

Khosravi, Drnov\v{s}ek and Moslehian [\textit{Filomat, 2012}] derived Buzano inequality for Hilbert C*-modules. Using this inequality we derive Deutsch entropic uncertainty principle for Hilbert C*-modules over commutative unital C*-algebras.
Optimization of bridge pier winding flow numerical simulation scheme based on Delft3D
Authors: Xiao Liu , Qingsheng Chen , Zhaoning Zeng , Zhuang Dong
Published: June 2024

The majority of existing numerical simulations of the effect of bridge piers on water movement are based on a limited number of bridge piers at a laboratory scale. Furthermore, some 2D numerical simulations for actual bridge projects have deficiencies, including the use of overly large mesh sizes and an inadequate treatment of bridge piers. In this study, we compare three methods of structural mesh encryption, suspension mesh, and nonstructural mesh based on Delft3D, and apply the optimization scheme to a real bridge project. It is demonstrated that optimal results can be achieved by utilising a grid size comparable to the pier diameter (Dp) in the region away from the piers. In the vicinity of the piers, the grid cell size should be no larger than 1/9 Dp. The suspended grid technique (DD Boundary) can yield results consistent with those obtained using a full-area high-resolution grid, provided that the total number of grids can be reduced and the computational time is considerably reduced. In this study, the unstructured mesh (Deflt3D Flexible Mesh) scheme was unable to capture the oscillations of the wake flow behind the bridge piers. However, the application of the optimized scheme in bridge engineering has demonstrated its practical value. The findings of this study on mesh resolution and suspension mesh scheme can be applied to the Delft3D software and are also useful for other numerical simulation work.
Is It Useful to Repeat Blood Cultures in Endocarditis Patients? A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kok Wouter E.
Published: June 2024

Background: for patients with endocarditis, guidelines recommend repeating blood cultures until they become negative, but with very limited evidence. Methods: a literature review was done on the incidence and duration of persistent bacteremia and persistent fever in endocarditis patients, compared to their associations with persistent infection at day 7. Results: persistent bacteremia and persistent fever are common in the first few days after starting antibiotic therapy, a normal duration for either at or around < 3-7 days. Persistent bacteremia is more prevalent and longer lasting in Staphylococcus (especially MRSA) and Enterococcus species than in Streptococcus species. In one study the risk for persistent infection at day 7 was 50% in those with positive blood cultures at 48-72 hours while it was 32% in those with negativization of blood cultures. Both persistent bacteremia at 48-72 hours and persistent infection at day 7 are predictive of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: persistent bacteremia after treatment for endocarditis is common and often accompanied by persistent fever. Persistent infection at 7 days (as indication for urgent surgery) cannot be reliably predicted by positive or negative blood cultures at 48-72 hours. The recommendation of performing survey blood cultures in all patients therefore needs to be reconsidered.
A Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection Method for Berberine Using Triplex-Containing DNA-Templated Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhu Ming , Sun Mingyang , Liu Juntong , Chen Changbao , Yang Yonggang , Teng Ye
Published: June 2024

Berberine (BBR), as a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has been demonstrated various pharmacological activities, and widely applied in the treatment of diseases. The quantitative analysis of BBR is important for its pharmacological researches and clinical applications. In the work, utilizing the specific interaction between BBR and triplex DNA, a sensitive and selective fluorescent detecting method was established with DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs). After binding with the triplex structure in the template of DNA-AgNCs, BBR quenched the fluorescence of DNA-AgNCs and formed BBR-triplex complex with yellow-green fluorescence. The ratiometric fluorescence signal showed a linear relationship with BBR concentration in a range between 10 nM to 1000 nM, with a detect limit of 10 nM. Our method exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and it was further applied in BBR detection in real samples.
Examining the Influence of Cultural Factors on Supply Chain Integration
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

This qualitative investigation delves into the intricate interplay of cultural factors within supply chain integration, aiming to elucidate how diverse cultural dimensions shape communication dynamics, decision-making processes, and collaborative efforts among global supply chain practitioners. Employing a phenomenological approach, the study explores the lived experiences and subjective perceptions of supply chain managers and professionals, providing nuanced insights into the profound impact of national culture, organizational culture, digital technologies, and sustainability considerations on supply chain operations. Key findings highlight the significant influence of national culture, as conceptualized by Hofstede's cultural dimensions, on supply chain interactions. These dimensions—such as power distance, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity versus femininity—play crucial roles in shaping how individuals perceive authority, manage risks, negotiate agreements, and engage in collaborative practices across diverse cultural contexts. Cultural norms and values deeply influence both intra-organizational dynamics and inter-organizational relationships within global supply chains. Organizational culture emerges as a pivotal determinant of supply chain integration success. Cultures characterized by transparency, trust, inclusivity, and a commitment to continuous improvement create environments conducive to effective cross-border collaboration. Conversely, organizations with conflicting or ambiguous cultural norms face challenges in aligning goals, fostering mutual understanding, and maintaining open communication channels with international partners. The study underscores the transformative role of digital technologies in enhancing supply chain management practices. Technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things improve supply chain visibility, optimize operations, and enhance decision-making processes, strengthening resilience against disruptions. The adoption and integration of these technologies depend on organizational readiness, technological capabilities, and cultural acceptance within supply chain networks. Cultural factors influence the adoption pace, implementation strategies, and utilization patterns of digital technologies, emphasizing the need for strategic alignment between technological investments and cultural norms to maximize their potential benefits. Furthermore, sustainability considerations are critical in shaping cultural values and priorities within supply chain networks. Organizations increasingly recognize the importance of environmental sustainability, ethical sourcing practices, and corporate social responsibility in shaping their reputations, stakeholder relationships, and long-term business goals. Cultural factors significantly influence organizations' approaches to sustainability, guiding their strategic decisions and operational practices.
Emission Ellipsometry Study in Polymeric Interfaces Based on POLY(3-Hexylthiophene), PCBM and Graphene
Authors: Kolbow Ana Clarissa H. , Rambo Everton Crestani , Santos Maria Ruth Neponucena dos , Marchezi Paulo Ernesto , Nogueira Ana Flávia , Marletta Alexandre , Ramos Romildo Jerônimo , Therézio Eralci Moreira
Published: June 2024

We analyzed the interaction of two acceptor materials, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and [6,6]-phenyl-C6-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and poly(3-hexylthiphene) (P3HT), as well as the dependence of its photophysical properties with the temperature in the range 90 to 300 K. The nanocomposite of the films was analyzed by optical absorption ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) and emission ellipsometry (EE) in a function of sample temperature. The surface morphology was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We noted that onset levels (Eonset) of the nanocomposite of P3HT and RGO is smaller than the others. The PL spectra showed the presence of anomalies in the emission intensities in the nanocomposite of P3HT and PCBM. It was also possible to determine the electron-phonon coupling by calculating the Huang-Hys parameters and its dependence with the sample’s temperature. Through EE it was possible to analyze the degree of polarization and the anisotropy. We observed a high degree of polarized emission of the P3HT films which varies subtly according to the temperature. For nanocomposites with RGO the polarization degree in the emission decreases and the roughness on the surface increases. As a result, the RGO improves the energy transfer between adjacent polymer chains at the cost of greater surface roughness. Then, the greater energy transfer may favor applications of this type nanocomposite in OPVC's with enhancement in energy conversion efficiency.
The Application of Procedurally Generated Libraries in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Safikhani Saeed , Gross Benedikt , Pirker Johanna
Published: June 2024

While digital libraries offer essential benefits for the digital age such as constant availability and accessibility, they often fail in providing a similarly enjoyable browsing experience that benefits engagement and serendipitous exploration inherent to traditional library experiences. In this paper, we propose a virtual reality (VR) library environment that emulates a traditional library promoting an engaging browsing experience that benefits browsing enjoyment and serendipity. The implemented system uses procedural content generation to dynamically generate a library-like environment, wherein each room corresponds to a specific category of the digital library. To assess the usability of the implemented system, we conducted an A/B study comparing the VR environment with the web interface of Project Gutenberg. The results of the study suggest that while the physical demand for using the VR environment is higher, the system can significantly benefit the browsing experience and entice users’ curiosity. Furthermore, the study suggests that the system can increase user engagement and users generally felt that using the system was rewarding.
Optimal and efficient approximations of gradients of functions with non-independent variables
Authors: Lamboni Matieyendou
Published: June 2024

Gradients of smooth functions with non-independent variables are relevant for exploring complex models and for the optimization of functions subjected to constraints. In this paper, we investigate new and simple approximations and computations of such gradients by making use of independent, central and symmetric variables. Such approximations are well-suited for applications in which the computations of the gradients are too expansive or impossible. The derived upper-bounds of the biases of our approximations do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality for any $2$-smooth function, and theoretically improve the known results. Also, our estimators of such gradients reach the optimal (mean squared error) rate of convergence (i.e., $\mathcal{O}(N^{-1})$) for the same class of functions. Numerical comparisons based on a test case and a high-dimensional PDE model show the efficiency of our approach.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATED NYLON-CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES
Authors: Christodoulou Ioannis T. , Alexopoulou Vasiliki E. , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: June 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly growing field in both the researching and the industrial world, as it produces highly customized and geometrically complex objects. The most well-known AM technology for plastics is Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), in which a thermoplastic filament is melted and extruded through a nozzle on the printing bed. A wide variety of printing parameters affect the quality of the printed objects, such as printing speed, infill density, infill pattern, build orientation, layer height, etc. In literature, there is already extended research of the impact of the printing parameters on the mechanical properties of the most common thermoplastics, such as ABS and PETG. However, the development of advanced thermoplastic materials, such as Nylon composites reinforced with carbon fibers (Nylon-CF), requires a further investigation of the effect of the printing parameters on those advanced composites. In the current study, an in-depth correlation of all the major printing parameters (infill pattern, infill density, dual line infill and printing speed) with all the major mechanical properties (tensile strength, compressive strength and bending strength) of Nylon-CF is carried out.
The Essence of Internal Control at XYZ Automotive Limited in a Phenomenological Perspective
Authors: Al Salam Faris , Anwar Chorul , Khairunnisa Hera
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of exploring internal control at XYZ automotive company in general administration department. The sampling technique in this research used purposeful sampling that consist of four informants. This research uses a phenomenological approach using John W. Creswell's research design which focuses on narrative research exposure in proposing the application, effectiveness and meaning in internal control. The results of this study demonstrates that Internal audit consists of five components: integrity committees, risk assessment, risk management activities, whistleblower system transparency, and collaboration to improve performance. It focuses on KPIs, internal audits, and communication, while also addressing weaknesses, resistance to change, and communication issues.
Evaluation and Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Bonsignore-Opp Lisa , O'Donnell Jennifer , Agha Obiajulu , Bach Katherine , Metz Lionel , Swarup Ishaan
Published: June 2024

» Pediatric thoracolumbar trauma, though rare, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and necessitates early, accurate diagnosis and management.

» Obtaining a detailed history and physical examination in the pediatric population can be difficult. Therefore, the threshold for advanced imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging, is low and should be performed in patients with head injuries, altered mental status, inability to cooperate with examination, and fractures involving more than 1 column of the spine.

» The classification of pediatric thoracolumbar trauma is based primarily on adult studies and there is little high-level evidence examining validity and accuracy in pediatric populations.

» Injury pattern and neurologic status of the patient are the most important factors when determining whether to proceed with operative management.
Modest geoengineering side effects predicted by an emulator
Authors: Bodai Tamas , Lembo Valerio , Aneesh Sundaresan , Ishuzu Miho , Franz Matthias O. , Chung Eui-Seok
Published: June 2024

It is common to speak about side effects of solar radiation management geoengineering considering that the forcing involved is different in nature from the anthropogenic greenhouse forcing. However, we argue that even if side effects are identified in terms of uncontrolled changes of climatic variables, they should scale with the geoengineering forcing magnitude. This would dictate a definition of side effects that takes a reference scenario where the same target is achieved, e.g. limiting the global mean surface temperature to an agreed maximum, without deploying geoengineering, but, say, by CO2 abatement only. We use a response theory based emulator, derived from new simulation output for the Max Planck Institute’s Earth system model, MPI-ESM, as well as the cGENIE carbon cycle model, in order to evaluate regional side effects regarding annual mean surface temperature and total precipitation in this sense. We find that the respective spatial patterns of the side effects bear the features as those known from the G2-type “cancellation” experiments of the Geo-MIP protocol – more so for temperature than precipitation. The former is governed by the effect of polar amplification, for which we provide now a succinct mathematical model, both for the greenhouse and geoengineering forcing, and explain the G2-type temperature pattern.
Singular and Simultaneous Effects of Step and Stern Wedge on High-speed Craft Behavior in Irregular Waves: Experimental and Statistical Assessment
Authors: Ghadimi Parviz , Sajedi Sayyed Mahdi , Ghadimi Aliakbar
Published: June 2024

In the design process of high-speed craft, the motions and exerting acceleration on the craft in waves are of great importance. Due to the relatively small size of this type of vessel, they incur more intensive motions and higher accelerations in the presence of waves. In the current study, the behavior of five configurations of baseline, wedge-mounted, single-stepped, wedge-mounted single-stepped and double-stepped planing hulls in irregular waves were experimentally studied. All models have a length of 2.6 m, a beam of 55 cm, and weigh 86 kg. The considered irregular wave was generated using the JONSWAP spectrum and had a characteristic height of 12 cm and a peak period of 1.6 s. These models were towed at Froude numbers ranging from 2.15 to 3.44. The analysis of heave and pitch motions of these models demonstrated that simultaneous use of a single-step and a stern wedge can reduce the heave and pitch double-amplitudes of the planing hull up to 33% and 60%, respectively. That’s while, the double-stepped model was the least successful model in heave and pitch motions reduction, by a maximum of 27% and 18% reduction for heave and pitch motions, respectively. Regarding the acceleration of these vessels, the wedge-mounted single-stepped hull experienced 34% and 16% lower accelerations in its center of gravity and bow than what the baseline model experienced. However, using two steps could only reduce these two types of acceleration by 10% and 4%, respectively.
Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of styloid process: a retrospective study of 498 patients with orofacial disease （Not applicable）
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jing Yuzi , Liang Beibei
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the structural characteristics of the styloid process (SP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in patients with orofacial pain. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of elongated SP and its relationship to gender in the study population.
Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on the clinical and radiographic records of 208 patients. Radiological examinations were performed on CBCT images to measure the structure, length, and medial angulations of the SP.
Results: Out of 208 patients, the distribution of SP elongation was as follows: 96 (46%) had non-elongated SP, 28 (13%) had elongation on the left side, 16 (8%) had elongation on the right side, and 68 (33%) had bilateral elongation of SP. The patients with elongated SP had significantly decreased angle values. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the length values of SP between males and females in both groups. Additionally, a significantly increased prevalence of symptoms, except for headaches, was observed in patients with elongated SP.
Conclusions: This study introduces cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a substitute approach for CT or panoramic radiographs in gauging and evaluating the styloid process (SP). Individuals experiencing orofacial pain, along with elongated SP, exhibited a higher incidence of associated neurological symptoms relative to those without elongation.
Expression and prognostic impact of CD73 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Haisheng , Ma Guangyu , Zhang Shuo , Liu Caili , Li Kexin , Wang Yunzhe , Liu Yueping , Yue Meng , Liu Chang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yin Shaoning , Liu Beichen , He Cuiying
Published: June 2024

Treatment of relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) remains clinically challenging. Hence, early identification of high-risk patients is critical for treatment stratification. CD73 may exert an immunosuppressive effect by degrading adenosine monophosphate into adenosine, promoting cancer progression. Although increased CD73 expression is associated with reduced survival rates in various cancers, its role in cHL remains unclear. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we aimed to examine the expression of CD73, CD39, and PD-L1 in cHL and assess their clinical implications and prognostic value. Eighty-four patients with cHL hospitalized in the Hematology Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between May 2007 and May 2021 were included in this study. Of the 84 patients, 35 were male (41.7%), and the median age was 55 years (range: 16–88 years). Univariate analysis showed that relapsed/refractory disease was associated with advanced stage, low CD73 expression, ≥ 1 extranodal lesion, ≥ 3 nodal areas, and lactate dehydrogenase levels ≥ 240 UL. Patients with low CD73 expression had a higher incidence of relapsed/refractory disease (87.2% vs. 12.8%) and a poorer median progression-free survival (24.2 months vs not reached) than those with high CD73 expression. Low CD73 protein abundance in a multivariate model was identified as an independent negative prognostic indicator for cHL (hazard ratio: 0.413, 95% confidence interval: 0.088–1.94). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that CD73 is an independent prognostic immune biomarker for relapsed or refractory cHL and may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
Interferon upregulation as the cause of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Bourbeau Jean , Kanwar Badar A. , Lee Kun Ho , Sergi Consolato , Kast Richard E. , Oh Sangsuk , Sohn Mun-Gi , Lee Chul Joong , Coleman Michael D.
Published: June 2024

Dapsone (4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone, DDS) is an acetylation agent, anticatalysis for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exacerbation in the previous report. We analyzed the viral respiratory disease (VRD) (+)/(−) and DDS (+)/(−) groups with the ICD-10 from 2005 to 2021. We used to evaluate the associations statistical methods the correlation of VRD, its interferon responses, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence, excess acetylcholine (ACh) by the use of anti-AD drugs (AADs), and AD on Sorok Island in South Korea. All significance levels were set at 0.05. We investigated 93 non-COPD subjects with AD. Their prevalence of AD increased more than twofold fold in 2010 after the endemic disease during 2007–2010. AD increased again in 2013 from the medical data of Hansen's people and a correlation graph was drawn and analyzed. A total of 4772 subjects were randomized. Subjects with DDS have a very low prevalence of VRDs. In the tracking results within the cohort, 31 ADs were found from 107 COPD patients. The COPD+AAD+DDS− subjects correlated most strongly to AD+. ACh excess exacerbated AD in COPD patients and exacerbates AD despite of the acetylation by DDS according to Fisher’s exact test. Moreover, a survey of COVID-19 reinfection conducted in April 2022 in South Korea revealed that ACh excess aggravated severity and mortality. AD can be caused by the VRDs, acute or chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. This indicates that AD starts from their acquired interferon upregulation and its glycolysis. This study elucidated AD genetics related to infections, inflammation, and immune responses by pathogens in the isolated cohort.
Identifying Chickpea Genotypes Rich in Ascorbic Acid as a Source of Drought Tolerance for Genetic Improvement in Semi-Arid Regions
Authors: Raut Dnyaneshwar , Gadakh Sharad , Kute Nandkumar , Blesseena A , N.V.P.R. Gangarao , Siddique Kadambot H. M. , Rane Jagadish
Published: June 2024

Drought stress triggers a cascade of physiological changes in plants, including oxidative damage. Ascorbic acid (AsA), commonly known as vitamin C, is a vital non-enzymatic antioxidant with the potential to scavenge reactive oxygen species and modulate key processes in crop plants under abiotic stresses like drought. Chickpea, is predominantly cultivated in drought-prone regions. We demonstrate the utility of phenotyping for AsA content to enhance drought tolerance in chickpea. Using automated phenomics facility that can monitor daily soil moisture levels, we optimized a protocol for screening endogenous AsA levels in chickpea genotypes. Findings revealed that AsA accumulation peaked at 30% field capacity (FC), when measured between 11:30 am and 12:00 noon, coinciding with the maximum solar radiation during a 24 h cycle. Leveraging this protocol, screened 106 diverse chickpea genotypes for genetic variability in AsA accumulation under soil moisture depletions, identifying two sets of genotypes exhibiting differential AsA levels. Subsequent field evaluations over two consecutive years demonstrated that genotypes with elevated AsA levels like BDNG-2018-15 and PG-1201-20 displayed enhanced drought tolerance with minimum reductions in yield attributes compared to popular cultivars. These AsA-rich genotypes hold promise as valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in chickpea cultivation.
PARP1 regulates RECQL4 recruitment for DNA double-strand break repair
Authors: Bohr Vilhelm , Hussain Mansoor , Khadka Prabhat , Pekhale Komal , Kulikowicz Tomasz , Gray Samuel , May Alfred , Croteau Deborah
Published: June 2024

RecQ helicases, highly conserved proteins with pivotal roles in DNA replication, DNA repair, and homologous recombination, are crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Mutations in RECQL4 have been associated with various human diseases, including Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. RECQL4 is involved in regulating major DNA repair pathways, such as homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end repair (NHEJ). RECQL4 has a more prominent single-strand DNA annealing activity than helicase activity. Its recruitment to DNA damage and the precise role of its DNA annealing activity in DNA repair is unclear. This study reveals that PARP1 interacts with RECQL4, enhancing its single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strand annealing activity. PARP1 specifically promotes - RECQL4-PARylation at both its N- and C-terminal regions, promoting RECQL4’s recruitment to DNA double-strand break (DSB). Inhibition or depletion of PARP1 significantly diminishes RECQL4 recruitment and occupancy at specific DSB sites on chromosomes. RECQL4 actively displaces replication protein A (RPA) from ssDNA, promoting microhomology annealing in vitro. Further, depletion of PARP1 or RECQL4 substantially impacts classical-NHEJ (c-NHEJ) and alternative-NHEJ (alt-NHEJ)-mediated DSB repair. Consequently, the combined activities of PARP1 and RECQL4 modulate DNA repair.
3D-printed degradable paclitaxel/polylactic acid scaffolds for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Tang Jingyi , Ma Mingwei , Yuan Jishan , Su Duoxi , Zhu Peizhi
Published: June 2024

Paclitaxel(PTX) is a highly effective drug for breast cancer treatment. However, its pharmacological activity and poor water solubility often lead to severe adverse reactions and allergic responses, causing significant discomfort for patients. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) --printed anti-tumor scaffold made of polylactic acid (PLA) doped with PTX was developed and evaluated for its ability to inhibit tumor growth. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the release rate of PTX from the scaffold. Co-culturing the scaffold with mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) allowed for the assessment of its cytotoxicity and anti-tumor efficacy. In vivo studies involved implanting the scaffolds into an animal model generated by 4T1 cells, and various parameters including body weight, tumor volume, organ coefficient, tissue anatomy, and histological analysis were used to evaluate the toxicity of the drug and its impact on inhibiting tumor growth. The 3D-printed circular scaffold demonstrated a sustained drug release over 21 days. The primary matrix material, PLA, exhibited no cytotoxicity, and the PTX/PLA scaffold effectively suppressed the multiplication of 4T1 cells in vitro. Animal experiments showed that high concentrations of the PTX/PLA scaffold successfully minimized systemic toxicity associated with PTX treatment while exhibiting a more pronounced inhibitory effect on tumor growth compared to PTX injection. These findings highlight the potential of using 3D-printed porous scaffolds made of paclitaxel-doped PLA as a drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Such scaffolds offer improved efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity, providing a promising approach for effective and local cancer treatment.
Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Assessment of Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in District Peshawar
Authors: Wahid Marwa , Malik Farhat R , Khan Abdul Latif Afzal , Ahmad Waqar , Ahmad Zawar , Ahmad Sohail , Ali Shujaat , Shah Dilawar , Tahir Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to improper antibiotic use. Bacteria may infect humans and animals and are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is a major health issue and has grown to be a global phenomenon.
Objectives:
This study assesses maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use, the frequency of antibiotic usage without physicians 'prescriptions, and the association of knowledge, attitude, and practices with demographic variables.
Methodology:
A descriptive study was conducted in Private Teaching Hospitals from 12 June 2023 till 21 October 2023. A total of 377 mothers were included. Non-probability serial sampling technique was used. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic variables such as frequencies and percentages. Means and standard deviation were used for knowledge, attitude, and practices. The chi-square test assessed the association between demographic variables and knowledge, attitude, and practices, keeping statistical significance at 0.05. The confidence interval was reported for each variable understudy.
Result:
The maternal mean age was 27.74±4.9 years, and the mean number of children was 2.63±1.27. The mother’s knowledge of antibiotic usage was good, with 73%; however, 82.5% were ignorant, and 31.6% used antibiotics without prescription. Attitudes regarding possible consequences of resistance to antibiotics were quite concerning, with 76.18%. However, practices were very good, with 89.46%. Age and education were statistically significant in their knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use and resistance.
Conclusion:
Maternal knowledge of antibiotic usage and practices was sound. However, knowledge of "antibiotic resistance" and "attitudes" was poor.
Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacitated Service Stations
Authors: LI Xiaohui , LIU Yuchen , LI Peifan , ZHAO Yi , DONG Yuan , JIN Yinli
Published: June 2024

Logistics distribution requires competitive planning of distribution routes to reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction. As a result, it has garnered significant attention and research. This paper addresses the challenges faced by organizations with alternative fuel-powered vehicle fleets, such as limited vehicle driving range and refueling infrastructure, by proposing a more realistic Green Vehicle Routing Problem (G-VRP). The objective of this study is to optimize the total length of the final planning route and reduce distribution costs. To achieve this, a Hybrid Two-stage Heuristic Algorithm (HTSHA) is introduced to solve the G-VRP with capacitated service stations. Additionally, this paper accounts for the possibility of service stations temporarily failing to provide services and presents a rescheduling strategy for the remaining distribution tasks. The results demonstrate the practical significance of this research in promoting the application of new energy vehicles in urban logistics and distribution.
Construction and Validation of a Novel Cuproptosis-associated lncRNA Signature as a Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Duan Ruifeng , Zhang Yue , Börner Nikolaus , Song Xiangyi , Wei Lijuan
Published: June 2024

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found as a highly lethal malignancy worldwide that has an extremely unfavorable prognosis. A considerable number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a correlation with the prognosis of patients with HCC. Cuproptosis, a new form of regulated death of cells, is a major focus of research recently. Whereas, research on cuproptosis-associated lncRNA prognosis signature in patients with HCC is still lacking.
Methods
In accordance with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database in this study, HCC patients’ clinicopathological information and RNA-seq data were obtained. The correlation of cuproptosis-associated genes (CAGs) and lncRNAs was evaluated using Pearson’s test. We screened the differentially expressed cuproptosis -associated lncRNAs (CALs) in 315 HCC and 39 normal hepatic samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was carried out to investigate CALs correlated with prognosis. In terms of the cohort of training, a total of 24 prognostic CALs were loaded into the algorithm of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to build an 8-CAL prognosis signature. The prognosis value of the signature was investigated on the basis of Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Besides, we carried out functional enrichment analyses based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene ontology (GO), and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with the use of R software package.
Results
A prognosis signature of eight CALs was built in patients with HCC. The patients with HCC were classified as high-risk and low-risk groups according to the risk scores. This prognostic model indicated a more robust capacity in predicting survival of patients with HCC than conventional clinicopathological features. Additionally, the risk score was obviously related to T stage, tumor stage, and tumor grade. The results of the functional enrichment analyses suggested that the CAL signature played a major role in metabolism, cell cycle, and metal ion transmembrane transport processes and pathways.
Conclusions
The signature of eight CALs takes on an essential significance in the prognosis of HCC, which may offer novel research directions and improve individualized cancer treatment.
Aggressive value of preoperative multi-genic assay and implications for initial surgical management in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Chun Lin , He Liqiong , Yang Shiying , Su Xinliang , Zhou Jing
Published: June 2024

A minority of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is highly aggressive, with rapid progression and a poor prognosis. This study investigated the clinical implications of preoperative multi-genic assay in identifying aggressive PTC and initial surgical management. The demographic data, clinicopathological data and preoperative multi-genic assay results of 251 patients with PTC after the initial surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of preoperative multi-genic assay were categorized into three Molecular Risk Groups (MRGs) : MRG-Low, MRG-Intermediate, and MRG-High. 6.7% of patients belonged to MRG-High in this cohort study. Compared with MRG-Low and MRG-Intermediate, there was a significant increase in tumor size, capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), TNM stage, total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioiodine ablation in MRG-High. The multivariate analyses showed MRG-High was an independent predictor for high prevalence of ETE [OR = 83.343(10.074-689.477), P < 0.001]. However, MRG-High was not associated with lymph node metastases(LNM). Conversely, MRG-Low had lower rates of LNM [OR = 0.11 (0.02–0.6), p = 0.011]. Additionally, preoperative multi-genic assay could avoid 20.9% of complete total thyroidectomy in the MRG-Intermediate. This study found that preoperative multi-genic assay is useful to identify the aggressiveness of PTC, which is helpful to the choice of initial surgical management.
RETRACTED: A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Using Decomposition and Generalized Subset Simulation
Authors: Ding Anai , Li Hongshuang , Guan Xiaole , Ma Yuanzhuo , Yuan Xiukai
Published: June 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Disentangling Degradation Pathways of Narrow Bandgap Lead-Tin Perovskite Material and Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Rombach Florine , Dasgupta Akash , Kober-Czerny Manuel , Ball James , Smith Joel , Jin Heon , Farrar Michael , Snaith Henry
Published: June 2024

Narrow bandgap mixed lead-tin perovskites are critical for efficient all-perovskite multi-junction solar cells, but their poor stability under operating conditions represents a major barrier to implementation. In this work, we explore the causes of this instability under combined heat and light stress (ISOS L-2 conditions). The phase, absorbance, morphology, and background hole density in lead-tin perovskite films are observed to be stable beyond the usual timescales associated with device degradation. We measure a moderate increase in non-radiative recombination during stressing, but device simulations demonstrate that this can only account for a small portion of the observed steady-state performance loss. Variable rate current-voltage scanning of devices instead reveals an increasing impact of mobile ions to be the major cause of early-time performance degradation. This impact is found to be significantly mitigated by selecting an alternative hole transport layer. Over longer aging times, we also identify the growth of impurity phases as well as hole transport material-dependent changes in the electronic properties of the perovskite. By quantifying the impact of these changes on device performance, we identify the most dominant degradation pathway at each aging time for different device architectures, defining a clear direction for future stability improvements.
The impact of herd structure on the performance of commercial sow-breeding farms
Authors: Sanz-Fernández Santos , Díaz-Gaona Cipriano , Simões João , Casas-Rosal José Carlos , Alòs Nuria , Tusell Llibertat , Quintanilla Raquel , Rodríguez-Estévez Vicente
Published: June 2024

Background
The herd structure, i.e., distribution of sows within a farm based on their parity number, and its management are essential to optimise farm reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study is to define different types of herd structure using data from 623 Spanish commercial sow farms. Additionally, this study aims to determine which type of herd structure can enhance reproductive efficiency at the farm level.
Results
Farms are classified into three groups according to the quadratic function fitted to the percentage of sows over parities. This classification unveils three types of herd structures: type 1 (HS1) exhibits a concave-downward trend, with a higher percentage of sows in intermediate parities (mean of 45.5% sows between the 3rd to 5th parity); type 2 (HS2) presents a trend curve that is close to a straight line, with a gradual decrease in the percentage of sows per parity (approximately 2% loss of sows census per parity); and type 3 (HS3) shows an upward concave trend curve, with an increase in the percentage of sows in later parities (19.0% of sows between 7th and ≥ 8th parity). Additionally, parametric tests (ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test) assess productivity differences between the three groups of farms with different herd structures. Significant differences (p < 0.01) are noted in number of piglets weaned per sow per year, farrowing rate, percentage of sows returning to oestrus and number of weaned piglets, with a medium effect size (values of η2 between 0.06 to < 0.14). Farms with HS1 (showing a concave-downward trend) have the best productive outcomes over a year, surpassing the results of farms with HS2 and even more so those of HS3 farms.
Conclusions
This study shows the importance of herd structure on sow-breeding farms as factor of reproductive efficiency. The results endorse the proposed classification based on the curvature of the trend parabola obtained with the quadratic function to categorize herd structures into three groups. Besides that, these highlight the importance of considering the herd structure in farm decision-making.
Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors among febrile patients in selected healthcare facilities of Jawi District, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Assaye , Yeshanew Solomon , Nibret Endalkachew , Atenafu Getnet , Adugna Fasil , Assefa Melese , Habitamu Asmamaw
Published: June 2024

Background Despite ongoing control and elimination efforts, malaria continues to impose a substantial burden on healthcare systems and communities in Ethiopia. Understanding the epidemiology of malaria and identifying associated risk factors are essential for guiding targeted interventions and improving health outcomes. This study thus aimed to assess malaria prevalence and associated risk factors among febrile patients in selected healthcare facilities of Jawi District, northwest Ethiopia.Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2023 in Jawi District, northwest Ethiopia. The study involved 420 participants who visited government-owned health facilities seeking treatment for febrile illnesses. Socio-demographic data and malaria-related factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Additionally, blood samples were obtained from study participants and examined for malaria parasites using microscopy. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the major explanatory risk factors associated with malaria prevalence.Results The study revealed a malaria prevalence rate of 41.2% (173/420), and Plasmodium falciparum being the predominant species (64.8%) detected. Socio-demographic factors such as lack of formal education (AOR = 2.222; 95% CI: 0.354–13.924, p = 0.041) and proximity of residence to mosquito breeding sites (AOR = 222.484; 95% CI: 5.085–973.440, p = 0.005) appeared as significant risk factors for malaria. Furthermore, awareness gaps regarding malaria transmission in the community (AOR = 1.744; 95% CI: 0.232–3.848, p = 0.039) were found to influence malaria vulnerability. Housing characteristics and inconsistent utilization of preventive measures were also identified as contributors to malaria prevalence among study participants.Conclusion The findings of the present study revealed that the rate of malaria transmission was high. The malaria transmission had a multifactorial nature including socio-demographic, environmental and behavioral factors. Integrated control strategies that address socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral determinants are crucial for mitigating the burden of the disease. Strengthening education and awareness programs, improving housing conditions, and ensuring sustainable access to malaria diagnosis, treatment, and preventive services are essential components of effective malaria control in the study area.
Motivation and SRL in Home-Based Online Learning for University Students: A Second-Order Mediation Model
Authors: Xue Xiaoyang , Wang Xinyun , Li Dantong , Du Ke , Li Jianwei , Shi Gaojun , Lou Ligao
Published: June 2024

Large-scale online learning for university students is often plagued by challenges such as lack of learning motivation and autonomy. The achievement motivation theory emphasizes the individual’s motivation to pursue success and avoid failure. Based on the achievement motivation theory, this study aims to extend the research on understanding the relationship between learning motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL), including goal-setting, strategy use, self-regulation, and self-evaluation, by identifying possible mediators in this relationship. To achieve this, we survey 559 participants who are compelled to switch to home-based online learning (HBOL). Using structural equation modeling partial least squares (SEM-PLS) and Shapley value, we examine the effects of learning motivation, learning intention, and self-efficacy on SRL. Our findings reveal that learning motivation has both a direct and significant impact on SRL, as well as an indirect influence via self-efficacy and learning intention. These results underscore the importance of confidence and intention in successful online SRL for university students, and provide a foundation for further research in this area.