bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mit Weitsicht zur autonomen Anlage
Authors: Annison Julian
Published: June 2023

Die Digitalisierung in der Prozessindustrie hatte schon immer wirtschaftliche Treiber wie ein verbessertes Energie‐ und Emissionsmanagements sowie die Erhöhung der Sicherheit und der betrieblichen Zuverlässigkeit. Doch heute sollen Unternehmen geschäftlich optimiert werden und gleichzeitig die strengen Ziele der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit und Dekarbonisierung erreichen und zwar nachhaltig bis 2050. Eine weitsichtige digitale Transformation wird dabei unterstützen und den Anlagenbetrieb mehr und mehr automatisieren und autonomisieren.

inhaltliche Anforderungen der EU/spez. Industriestandards/zu erwartende deutsche Normen,

unser Konzept für CSRD‐konforme Digitale Nachhaltigkeitsberichte über eine Bottom up‐Methode über die Produkte der Unternehmen im Mittelpunkt,

produktspezifische Datenanalysen, KPI' s, Messbarkeit, Bewertungen (PCF, PEF, LCA),

Prozesssteuerung und Effizienzverbesserungen über digitale Lösungen,

Zukunftsentwicklungen (z.B. auch Einschätzungen zu KI, wie ChatGPT o.ä.)

Empfehlungen
Kosmetikprodukte aus Fischabfällen
Authors: Sutthoff René
Published: June 2023

Die Idee für das Startup Ray Cosmetics aus äthiopien kam CEO und Gründerin Rewla Ephrem und ihren Mitstreitern Yared Assefa und Abrehame Dessie am malerischen Tana‐See in Bahirdar. Unterstützt vom ISC3 produziert das Start‐up biobasiertes Kollagen aus Fischhaut.
Die Geometrie optimal nutzen
Authors: Anstöter Stefan
Published: June 2023

Das Thema Energieeffizienz gewinnt gerade bei Pumpentechnologien wieder an Bedeutung. Aufgrund ihrer Effizienz rücken deshalb auch pneumatische, druckluftbetriebene Doppelmembranpumpen immer weiter in den Fokus. Der Pumpenhersteller Timmer arbeitet daran, das Potenzial dieser Art von Pumpen weiter auszuschöpfen.
Digitale Zukunft für große Kompressoren
Authors: Steck Ralf
Published: June 2023

Die Kompressoren des Schweizer Unternehmens Burckhardt Compression werden in der Energie‐ und Chemieindustrie eingesetzt, wo eine extrem hohe Verfügbarkeit gefordert wird. Der Kompressorenhersteller arbeitet gemeinsam mit PTC daran, die Softwarelösungen für Remote Service, IoT und Augmented Reality in der Praxis effizient und gewinnbringend einzusetzen. Die Zukunft der Instandhaltung sehen die Partner im industriellen Metaverse.
Effizienter Antrieb von hochdrehenden Motoren
Authors: Blankenburg Torsten
Published: June 2023

In den neuen Turbokompressoren von Boge ist die Drei‐Level‐Technologie des Frequenzumrichters SD2M von Sieb & Meyer eingebaut. Sie reduziert Rotor‐Verluste und vermeidet somit eine zu hohe Motor‐Erwärmung, die bei Hochgeschwindigkeitsanwendungen problematisch ist. Der Frequenzumrichter verfügt zudem über eine MODBUS‐Schnittstelle und eine optimierte Wasserkühlung.
Electrically Driven Crosslinked Liquid Crystal Polymers†
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Chuan‐Fei , Yang Hong
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Crosslinked liquid crystal polymers (CLCPs) are smart materials that combine the anisotropy of liquid crystals (LCs) with the elasticity of rubber. When subjected to external stimuli, they exhibit exceptional two‐way shape memory behavior. Among the various stimuli, electrical energy has the advantages of cleanliness, stability, and high controllability; hence, it is widely used for controlling CLCP‐based soft actuators, thus presenting potential for application in diverse, complex scenarios. By combining electrically driven mode and sensor equipment, precise control of CLCPs can be achieved, and the electrically driven CLCPs can accomplish more intricate and sophisticated tasks. This study presents a comprehensive review of electrically driven CLCPs with various driving mechanisms, including the electroclinic effect of ferroelectric CLCPs, the reorganization of LC molecules, the Maxwell effect of dielectric CLCPs, and the Joule heating effect of electrothermally responsive CLCP systems. In addition, a detailed analysis of the applications of electrically driven CLCPs in various research fields is presented. Finally, the current challenges in the field of electrically driven CLCP technology are summarized, along with predictions for future prospects.
Piezoelectric Zinc Oxides with High Polar Facets Ratios for Mechanically Controlled RAFT Polymerization†
Authors: Ding Chengqiang , Ren Ziye , Wang Jian , Zhang Longfei , Yan Yuhan , Wu Danming , Wang Zhao , Zhang Zhengbiao
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Mechanoredox chemistry that uses highly polarized piezoelectric materials as mechanoredox catalysts to promote redox reactions has emerged recently. It provides an alternative approach alongside the existing polymerization methods. Despite recent accomplishments, determining the quantitative relationship between the structure of ZnO and its catalytic performance for polymerization is still challenging. Herein, we prepared various ZnO crystals with different polar facets ratios to achieve efficient mechanically induced reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (mechano‐RAFT). ZnO prepared from Zn(NO3)2 showed a high polar facet ratio of 1.66 and offered the highest catalytic activity among all ZnO samples. A near‐quantitative initiator efficiency of 99.5% and narrow molecular weight distribution were achieved for the polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate. Furthermore, the high chain‐end fidelity and chain extension capability were also evidenced by MALDI‐TOF MS and GPC analysis. This work highlighted the significant contribution of polar facets in ZnO to its catalytic activity and will guide the design of mechanoredox catalysis with superior catalytic performance in the future.
Objective model selection with parallel genetic algorithms using an eradication strategy
Authors: Plante Jean‐François , Larocque Maxime , Adès Michel
Published: June 2023

In supervised learning, feature selection methods identify the most relevant predictors to include in a model. For linear models, the inclusion or exclusion of each variable may be represented as a vector of bits playing the role of the genetic material that defines the model. Genetic algorithms reproduce the strategies of natural selection on a population of models to identify the best. We derive the distribution of the importance scores for parallel genetic algorithms under the null hypothesis that none of the features has predictive power. They, hence, provide an objective threshold for feature selection that does not require the visual inspection of a bubble plot. We also introduce the eradication strategy, akin to forward stepwise selection, where the genes of useful variables are sequentially forced into the models. The method is illustrated on real data, and simulation studies are run to describe its performance.
European Medicinal Chemistry Leaders in Industry (EMCL) – On the Status and Future of Medicinal Chemistry Research in Europe**
Authors: Ali Amjad , Bauser Marcus , Bertrand Sophie , Blackaby Wesley , Boss Christoph , Bossart Martin , Hall Adrian , Binch Hayley , Czechtizky Werngard , Gijsen Harrie , Haning Helmut , Hartung Ingo V. , Kilburn Paul , Lassalle Gilbert , Lücking Ulrich , Mack Jürgen , Missbach Martin , Otsomaa Leena , Torrens Antoni , Wagner Michael , Walter Magnus , Weinstabl Harald , van Hijfte Luc , von Nussbaum Franz
Published: June 2023

The status of industrial Medicinal Chemistry was discussed with European Medicinal Chemistry Leaders from large to mid‐sized pharma and CRO companies as well as biotechs. The chemical modality space has expanded recently from small molecules to address new challenging targets. Besides the classical SAR/SPR optimization of drug molecules also their ‘greenness’ has increasing importance. The entire pharma discovery ecosystem has developed significantly. Beyond pharma and academia new key players such as Biotech and integrated CROs as well as Digital companies have appeared and are now to a large extend fueled by VC money. Digitalization is happening everywhere but surprisingly did not change speed and success rates of projects so far. Future Medicinal Chemists will still have to be excellent synthetic chemists but in addition they must be knowledgeable in new computational areas such as data sciences. Their ability to collaborate and to work in teams is key.
Making a case for del(1p) as a high‐risk abnormality in multiple myeloma
Authors: Schmidt Timothy M.
Published: June 2023

Chromosome 1 abnormalities are associated with worse outcomes in multiple myeloma. In the accompanying retrospective analysis, the combination of both gain(1q21) and del(1p13.3) had a greater impact on outcomes compared to either abnormality on its own.
Interactions between distal epiclastic and bio‐chemogenic sedimentation at the foothills of a mafic alkaline volcano: The case of the Oligocene Doupovské Hory Volcanic Complex (Czech Republic)
Authors: Rapprich Vladislav , Čáp Pavel , Erban Kochergina Yulia V. , Kadlecová Eva , Benkó Zsolt , Sakala Jakub , Rodovská Zuzana , Matějů Jan , Petrash Daniel A.
Published: June 2023

Late Oligocene (ca 25 Ma) volcano‐sedimentary successions exposed on the western periphery of the Doupovské Hory Volcanic Complex reveal a complex sedimentation history influenced in various ways by decay of the alkali basalt volcanic edifice. Weathering of the volcanic rocks supplied abundant reactants that promoted carbonate precipitation in the peripheral palaeolakes—as evidenced by strongly non‐radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7038–0.7041). On the other hand, the sediments of the initial shallow lake became deformed by the bulldozing effect of a debris avalanche. The debris flow and avalanche deposits filled up the original depression, modified the basin morphology and shifted the peripheral lacustrine setting further away from the volcano. At this stage, surface water influx from the surrounding granites conferred a more radiogenic character (87Sr/86Sr values 0.7046–0.7049) to the calcrete deposits. Fossil assemblages as well as limestone textures suggest significant seasonal water‐level fluctuations, possibly reflecting the alternating rainy and dry‐seasons of a prevalently humid Central‐European Late Oligocene climate. The seasonal drying out of the ponds resulted in significant 18O enrichments. Although the ca 0‰ δ13C values might suggest mixing of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 during carbonate precipitation, no active volcanic conduits of relevant age are known in the close vicinity. The lower δ13C values are likely a result of mantle degassing through rift faults, a phenomenon observed in the magmatically extinct Ohře Rift until present. This paper demonstrates that limestones derived from weathered alkaline basalts are characterised by highly non‐radiogenic Sr isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr ca 0.704), suggesting a magmatic origin for the Ca within these carbonates. Contrary to the notion of carbonatites being present when highly non‐radiogenic Sr isotopes are found, these results show that Sr isotopes in carbonates formed in alkali basalt‐sourced environments only reveal the source of the Sr (and Ca) ions, not necessarily the presence of carbonatite.
Global climate regulates dimensions of terrestrial ecosystem stability
Authors: Liu Pai , Chi Yonggang , Chen Jijing , Zhou Lei
Published: June 2023

Ecosystem stability represents the ability of the ecosystem to maintain and restore its functions. The indicators of ecosystem stability include temporal stability, resistance, and resilience, which are crucial parameters to predict the basic functions of the earth under global change. However, the correlation between the indicators of ecosystem stability and the dimensions of ecosystem stability at global scale remains unclear. Here, we quantified the global dimensions of ecosystem stability using moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index (EVI) data from 2001 to 2018 as well as climate variables and land standard species richness data. We revealed a strong positive correlation between temporal stability and resistance and no correlation between resistance and resilience at global scale. The dimension of ecosystem stability changed along the gradients of latitude or altitude. The dimensions of ecosystem stability were different among biomes, showing the lowest in the evergreen broad‐leaved forest (EBF) and the highest in the grassland (GRA). Climate factors were strongly associated with the changes in dimensions of ecosystem stability at global scale. These findings highlight the crucial role of dimensions in exploring ecosystem stability, potentially eliminating contradictions in the ecosystem service mechanism of the earth.
Design of Stereogenic‐at‐Iron Catalysts with a (3+2+1)‐Ligand Sphere
Authors: Baran Dominik , Hinterlang Lukas , Ivlev Sergei I. , Meggers Eric
Published: June 2023

A stereogenic‐at‐iron(II) catalyst scaffold is introduced which contains one coordinated meridional tridentate imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene‐functionalized 2,2′‐bipyridine, one bidentate pyrazolylpyridine, and one monodentate acetonitrile ligand. This (3+2+1)‐coordination sphere implements a stereogenic iron center. A carbon stereocenter in the N‐heterocyclic carbene moiety controls the absolute metal‐centered configuration. The bench‐stable diamagnetic iron(II) complexes can be synthesized in a highly diastereoselective fashion from iron dibromide in an efficient one‐pot coordination reaction. The obtained enantiopure complexes were applied as chiral catalysts in the ring contraction of an isoxazole to a chiral 2H‐azirine (quantitative yields, up to 90 : 10 er).
Variable Temperature Crystal Structure of Cu4TiTe4
Authors: Lakshan Achintya , Petříček Václav , Jana Partha Pratim
Published: June 2023

A variable temperature single crystal X‐ray diffraction study of the ternary compound, Cu4TiTe4 is reported between 200–400 K. The temperature dependent study indicates the compound undergoes an order‐disorder phase transition at ∼320 K. Below the transition temperature, the phase that crystallizes in the primitive cubic space group P
3 m with lattice parameter of a≈5.9 Å, transforms into the two‐fold superstructure. It is modeled as a fourfold twinned rhombohedral structure. The transition is reversible. To relate the phases, a group‐subgroup symmetry relations are established. Upon decreasing temperature, the atomic ordering is noticed in the occupationally disordered Cu‐sites of Cu4TiTe4. This characteristic structural rearrangement may have a significant impact on the electronic structure of Cu4TiTe4. Hence, the detailed structural characterization is supposed to be useful for further understanding of thermoelectric transport properties in the Cu4TiTe4.
New Type of Neutral Binuclear Spin‐Crossover Complex of Iron(III) with Twist of Two Disulfide Bridges as a Product of Electrochemical Oxidation of [FeIII(5Cl‐thsa)2]− Anions
Authors: Blagov Maxim A. , Spitsyna Nataliya G. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Ovanesyan Nikolai S. , Lobach Anatolii S. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Simonov Sergey V. , Krapivin Vladimir B. , Dmitriev Alexei I. , Zhidkov Mikhail V. , Yagubskii Eduard B.
Published: June 2023

As a result of the electrochemical oxidation process, the [FeIII(5Cl‐thsa)2]− spin‐crossover (SCO) anion with N2S2O2 coordination sphere transforms into N4O2‐coordinated FeIII SCO neutral binuclear complex 2 with twist of two disulfide bridges. Each dimeric complex is a binuclear double‐stranded helicate with similar chirality of both Fe centers. The crystal structure of the complex 2 ⋅ 3H2O at 100 K has a monoclinic C2/c space group and contains large cavities (about 21.5 % of the unit cell volume) half‐filled by 3 water molecules per one dimer. The N4O2 coordination of iron(III) with two oxygen atoms (−O−) of phenoxy groups, two imine‐type (−Nim=) nitrogen atoms of azomethine groups, one amidrazone‐type (=NamidH) nitrogen atom and one ionized terminal group (−NionizH) of nitrogen has not been observed in CCDC so far. The oxidation state of the iron atoms in the dimeric complex was confirmed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy on 90 % enriched 57Fe sample. Mössbauer spectra and dc magnetic measurements demonstrated the partial HS‐HS→LS‐LS SCO in the 185–225 K temperature range. The details of the structure of complex 2 and the features of its magnetic properties were refined by theoretical analysis based on DFT calculations. The B3LYP* functional correctly predicting the energy of the spin‐crossover process was revealed.
Iodine‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Substituted Pyrazoles from MBH Acetates via Allyl Hydrazone Intermediate
Authors: Dahatonde Dipak J. , Ghosh Aritra , Vutla Adilakshmi , Batra Sanjay
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report the regioselective one‐pot synthesis of 1,4,5‐trisubstituted pyrazoles by reacting Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) acetates derived from aryl aldehydes with alkyl or aryl hydrazines in the presence of iodine under aerobic conditions. The reaction proceeds through sequential SN2′ nucleophilic substitution of substituted hydrazine onto the MBH acetate, I2‐catalyzed oxidation of the allylic hydrazine to allylic hydrazone, heating‐induced intramolecular aza‐Michael reaction and cyclization, and oxidative aromatization. The key intermediate, thes‐transallyl hydrazones were isolated in good yields by performing the reactions at room temperature. However, the allyl hydrazones prepared from the MBH acetates of aliphatic aldehydes did not furnish the pyrazole owing to the absence of an activated methylene group in the substrate. The synthetic applications of the pyrazoles in Ugi reactions, decarboxylative halogenation, Pd‐catalyzed benzoylation of the N‐aryl ring, and metal‐free tetrazole synthesis has been demonstrated.
Cold‐evoked potentials in clinical practice: A head‐to‐head contrast with laser‐evoked responses
Authors: Perchet Caroline , Hagiwara Koichi , Salameh Charbel , Garcia‐Larrea Luis
Published: June 2023

Background

Innocuous cooling of the skin activates cold‐specific Aδ fibres, and hence, the recording of cold‐evoked potentials (CEPs) may improve the objective assessment of human thermo‐nociceptive function. While the feasibility of CEP recordings in healthy humans has been reported, their reliability and diagnostic use in clinical conditions have not been documented.

Methods

Here, we report the results of CEP recordings in 60 consecutive patients with suspected neuropathic pain, compared with laser‐evoked potentials (LEPs) which are the gold standard for thermo‐algesic instrumental assessment.

Results

CEP recording was a well‐tolerated procedure, with only ~15 min of surplus in exam duration. The reproducibility and signal‐to‐noise ratio of CEPs were lower than those of LEPs, in particular for distal lower limbs (LLs). While laser responses were interpretable in all patients, CEPs interpretation was inconclusive in 5/60 because of artefacts or lack of response on the unaffected side. Both techniques yielded concordant results in 73% of the patients. In 12 patients, CEPs yielded abnormal values while LEPs remained within normal limits; 3 of these patients had clinical symptoms limited to cold sensations, including cold‐heat transformation.

Conclusions

CEPs appear as a useful technique for exploring pain/temperature systems. Advantages are low cost of equipment and innocuity. Disadvantages are low signal‐to‐noise ratio for LL stimulation, and sensitivity to fatigue/habituation. Joint recording of CEPs and LEPs can increase the sensitivity of neurophysiological techniques to thin fibre‐ spinothalamic lesions, in particular, when abnormalities of cold perception predominate.

Significance

Recording of cold‐evoked potentials is a well‐tolerated, inexpensive and easy‐to‐use procedure that can be helpful in the diagnosis of abnormalities in the thin fibre‐ spinothalamic pathways. Supplementing LEPs with CEPs allows consolidating the diagnosis and, for some patients suffering from symptoms limited only to cold, CEPs but not LEPs may allow the diagnosis of thin fibre pathology. Optimal CEP recording conditions are important to overcome the low signal‐to‐noise ratio and habituation phenomena, which are less favourable than with LEPs.
Development and comparative evaluation of integrated solar‐driven off‐grid energy systems with hydrogen production and storage options for sustainable buildings
Authors: Erdemir Dogan , Dincer Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

This study presents the development of a new solar energy‐based integrated system where hydrogen production, storage, and power generation and heat storage subsystems are designed in a combined manner to meet the energy demands of multiple buildings in a community. It is also comprehensively analyzed and assessed under various criteria comparatively. A comprehensive study is established for a community with 80 156 residential buildings in Southern Ontario, Canada. Solar‐driven three different cases are investigated, which cover (i) solar energy and grid‐assisted, (ii) solar energy‐driven system integrated with hydrogen subsystems, and (iii) solar‐driven system integrated with hydrogen subsystems and heat storage for both heating and cooling purposes. The studied cases are assessed over the energy and exergy efficiencies. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to achieve solar‐driven and off‐grid operating conditions with hydrogen and heat storage systems. Only about 15% of the energy demand can be met by solar energy without any energy storage options (Case 1). Case 2 shows that it can be achieved off‐grid solar energy system with 1100 MWp of solar power plant capacity with the integration of hydrogen as an energy storage option. In the case of using hydrogen and heat storage together, off‐grid operating conditions can be reached with 750 MWp of power plant capacity. The heat storage integration helps reduce the capacity of the photovoltaic power plant by 32%. Furthermore, hydrogen and heat storage options are needed to cover both cooling and heating demands simultaneously to provide sustainable buildings.
Development of an Embryo Toxicity Test to Assess the Comparative Toxicity of Metal Exposure on Different Life Stages of Freshwater Gastropods
Authors: Osborne R. K. , Ijzerman M. M. , Venier C. , Prosser R. S.
Published: June 2023

Early life stages are commonly thought to be highly sensitive to environmental contaminants and may offer insight into the future health of a population. Despite the importance of studying early life stages, very few standard protocols for benthic invertebrates commonly used in ecotoxicological assessments measure developmental endpoints. The goal of the present study was to develop and optimize a robust standard protocol for studying embryonic endpoints in freshwater gastropods. The developed method was then used to characterize the sensitivity of four embryonic endpoints (viability, hatching, deformities, and biomass production), in conjunction with juvenile and adult mortality, for the snail Planorbella pilsbryi exposed to three metals (copper [Cu], cadmium [Cd], and nickel [Ni]). Biomass production was typically the most sensitive endpoint but was relatively variable, while embryo hatching was slightly less sensitive but highly consistent for all three metals. However, no single embryonic endpoint was consistently the most sensitive, which demonstrates the importance of assessing a broad range of endpoints and life stages in ecotoxicological risk assessment. Interestingly, the embryonic life stage of P. pilsbryi was considerably less sensitive to Cu exposure compared with juvenile and adult mortality. However, for Cd exposure, embryonic endpoints were the most sensitive, and for Ni exposure, embryonic endpoints were similar in sensitivity to juvenile and adult mortality. The present study has valuable applications in conducting developmental toxicity research with organisms lacking standardized testing protocol as well as future applications in multigenerational and in silico toxicity research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1791–1805. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Incidence of Burkitt lymphoma in the United States during 2000 to 2019
Authors: Mburu Waruiru , Devesa Susan S. , Check David , Shiels Meredith S. , Mbulaiteye Sam M.
Published: June 2023

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that occurs worldwide. A study of BL in the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program during 1973 to 2005 (n = 3043) revealed three age‐specific incidence peaks of BL and rates that were rising. We studied BL cases diagnosed in SEER 22 during 2000 to 2019 (n = 11 626) to investigate age‐specific BL incidence rates and temporal trends. The age‐standardized BL incidence rate was 3.96/million person‐years, with a 2.85:1 male‐to‐female ratio. The BL rate among both Hispanic and White individuals was higher than in Black individuals (4.52, 4.12 vs 3.14). Age‐specific BL rates showed peaks during pediatric, adult and elderly years in males and pediatric and elderly peaks in females. Based on 4524 BL cases with HIV status (SEER 13), only one peak in adult males (45 years) was observed. Overall age‐standardized BL incidence rates rose 1.2%/year (not significant) up to 2009 then fell significantly by 2.4%/year thereafter. Temporal trends in BL rates during 2000 to 2019 varied with age group as pediatric BL rates rose 1.1%/year, while elderly BL rates fell 1.7%/year and adult BL rates rose 3.4%/year until 2007 before falling 3.1%/year thereafter. Overall survival from BL was 64% at 2 years, being highest in pediatric patients and lowest in Black and elderly individuals vs other subgroups. Survival improved by 20% between 2000 and 2019. Our data suggest that BL age‐specific incidence rates are multimodal and that overall BL rates rose up to 2009 and then fell, suggesting changes in etiological factors or diagnosis.
Time to reconsider antibiotic prophylaxis in women with prolonged rupture of membranes: The trend of Enterobacteriaceae in peripartum infections
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Glikman Daniel , Jad Saher , Rechnitzer Hagai , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya
Published: June 2023

Objective

The proportion of neonatal early‐onset sepsis (EOS) by gram‐negative bacteria has increased. The authors examined bacterial distribution in the amniotic membrane cultures of women with peripartum fever (PPF) and related perinatal outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective study covered the period 2011 to 2019. The primary outcomes were Enterobacteriaceae‐positive birth culture rates in women with PPF and the trend of ampicillin resistance. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between women with group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Enterobacteriaceae‐positive isolates. Bacterial distribution was also compared according to rupture of membrane (ROM) duration.

Results

Among 621 women with PPF, the positive birth culture rate was 52%. Increasing prevalences of ampicillin‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (81%) were noted. Positive birth cultures were associated with maternal bacteremia (P = 0.017) and neonatal EOS (P = 0.003). Prolonged ROM ≥18 h was associated with increased risk for Enterobacteriaceae‐positive cultures, while intrapartum ampicillin and gentamicin were associated with lower risk. Enterobacteriaceae‐positive compared with GBS‐positive birth cultures were associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Positive birth cultures were related to maternal bacteremia and neonatal sepsis. Adverse outcomes were more prevalent among women with Enterobacteriaceae‐positive versus GBS‐positive birth cultures. Prolonged ROM is a risk factor for Enterobacteriaceae‐positive birth cultures among women with PPF. Antibiotic prophylaxis treatment for prolonged ROM should be reconsidered.
Effectiveness of asynchronous feedback in teaching motivational interviewing skills
Authors: Dugan B. DeeAnn , Beall Jennifer , Thomas Michael C.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Communication is an essential skill for pharmacists. Motivational interviewing is an advanced communication technique used for health behavior change. Studies have evaluated standardized patient (SP) simulation to develop communication skills; however, little is known about the use of SP simulations with asynchronous feedback in a telepharmacy scenario.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine if the use of asynchronous embedded faculty feedback will improve students' motivational interviewing skills.

Methods

During didactic training, students were introduced to motivational interviewing, practiced evaluation using a standardized rubric (max score 25), and participated in role‐play. Following training, students completed 2 weeks of lab simulation, one formative and one summative, in which students completed a 5‐min motivational interview with a SP via Zoom© which was recorded to allow for student self‐evaluation and asynchronous faculty video‐embedded feedback. Each encounter was assessed by faculty using the standardized rubric. The primary outcome measure was the difference in faculty evaluation scores of student interviews between the formative and summative labs. Secondary outcome measures included the difference in student self‐evaluation scores between the formative to summative labs and a number of students achieving competency (≥ 80%) or mastery (≥ 90%). Statistical analysis was completed using Wilcoxon signed rank tests (SAS® version 9.4).

Results

One hundred fourteen students completed the study. Scores improved by a mean of 3.8 points between the formative and summative labs. Student self‐evaluation improved an average of 1.5 points between the labs. Competency and mastery were achieved by 89.5% and 52.6% of students, respectively. Score differences were not influenced by SP assigned. Use of SP and embedded asynchronous feedback in a motivational interviewing telepharmacy simulation resulted in improved student performance.
Gradient boosting DD‐MLP Net: An ensemble learning model using near‐infrared spectroscopy to classify after‐stroke dyskinesia degree during exercise
Authors: Liang Jianbin , Bian Minjie , Chen Hucheng , Yan Kecheng , Li Zhihao , Qin Yanmei , Wang Dongyang , Zhu Chunjie , Huang Wenzhu , Yi Li , Sun Jinyan , Mao Yurong , Hao Zhifeng
Published: June 2023

This study aims to develop an automatic assessment of after‐stroke dyskinesias degree by combining machine learning and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Thirty‐five subjects were divided into five stages (healthy, patient: Brunnstrom stages 3, 4, 5, 6). NIRS was used to record the muscular hemodynamic responses from bilateral femoris (biceps brachii) muscles during passive and active upper (lower) limbs circular exercise. We used the D‐S evidence theory to conduct feature information fusion and established a Gradient Boosting DD‐MLP Net model, combining the dendrite network and multilayer perceptron, to realize automatic dyskinesias degree evaluation. Our model classified the upper limb dyskinesias with high accuracy: 98.91% under the passive mode and 98.69% under the active mode, and classified the lower limb dyskinesias with high accuracy: 99.45% and 99.63% under the passive and active modes, respectively. Our model combined with NIRS has great potential in monitoring the after‐stroke dyskinesias degree and guiding rehabilitation training.
Regionalization and morphological integration in the vertebral column of Eurasian small‐bodied newts (Salamandridae: Lissotriton)
Authors: Urošević Aleksandar , Ajduković Maja , Vučić Tijana , Scholtes Stefan J. , Arntzen Jan W. , Ivanović Ana
Published: June 2023

Serially homologous structures may have complex patterns of regionalization and morphological integration, influenced by developmental Hox gene expression and functional constraints. The vertebral column, consisting of a number of repeated, developmentally constrained, and highly integrated units—vertebrae—is such a complex serially homologous structure. Functional diversification increases regionalization and modularity of the vertebral column, particularly in mammals. For salamanders, three concepts of regionalization of the vertebral column have been proposed, recognizing one, two, or three presacral regions. Using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics on vertebra models acquired with microcomputerized tomography scanning, we explored the covariation of vertebrae in four closely related taxa of small‐bodied newts in the genus Lissotriton. The data were analyzed by segmented linear regression to explore patterns of vertebral regionalization and by a two‐block partial least squares method to test for morphological integration. All taxa show a morphological shift posterior to the fifth trunk vertebra, which corresponds to the two‐region concept. However, morphological integration is found to be strongest in the mid‐trunk. Taken jointly, these results indicate a highly integrated presacral vertebral column with a subtle two‐region differentiation. The results are discussed in relation to specific functional requirements, developmental and phylogenetic constraints, and specific requirements posed by a biphasic life cycle and different locomotor modes (swimming vs. walking). Further research should be conducted on different ontogenetic stages and closely related but ecologically differentiated species.
Universal graphs for the topological minor relation
Authors: Krill Thilo
Published: June 2023

A subgraph‐universal graph/a topological minor‐universal graph in a class of graphs is a graph in which contains every graph in as a subgraph/topological minor. We prove that the class of all countable planar graphs does not contain a topological minor‐universal graph. This answers a question of Diestel and Kühn and strengthens a result of Pach stating that there is no subgraph‐universal graph in . Furthermore, we characterise for which subdivided stars there is a topological minor‐universal graph in the class of all countable ‐free graphs.
Pediatric Hepatoblastoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Diagnostic Performance of MR in Staging POSTTEXT and Vascular Involvement
Authors: Gong Xu Hua , Feng Ming Xuan , Zhuang Zhi Guo , Yan Yun Qi , Wang Li , Ren Hai Nan , Zhu Yi , Song Yang , Qian Li Jun , Xu Jian Rong , Zhou Yan , Xia Qiang
Published: June 2023

Background

The assessment of resectability after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of hepatoblastoma is dependent on Post‐Treatment EXTENT of Disease (POSTTEXT) staging and its annotation factors P (portal venous involvement) and V (hepatic venous/inferior vena cava [IVC] involvement), but MR performance in assessing them remains unclear.

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced MR imaging for preoperative POSTTEXT staging and diagnosing vascular involvement in terms of annotation factors P and V in pediatric hepatoblastoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Thirty‐five consecutive patients (17 males, median age, 24 months; age range, 6–98 months) with proven hepatoblastoma underwent preoperative MR imaging following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T; T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), T2WI with fat suppression, diffusion weighted imaging, radial stack‐of‐the‐star/Cartesian 3D Dixon T1‐weighted gradient echo imaging.

Assessment

Three radiologists independently assessed the POSTTEXT stages and annotation factors P and V based on the 2017 PRE/POSTTEXT system. The sensitivities and specificities were calculated for 1) diagnosing each POSTTEXT stage; 2) discrimination of stages III and IV (advanced) from those stages I and II (non‐advanced) hepatoblastomas; and 3) annotation factors P and V. The combination of pathologic findings and surgical records served as the reference standard.

Statistical Tests

Sensitivity, specificity, Fleiss kappa test.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity ranges for discriminating advanced from non‐advanced hepatoblastomas were 73.3%–80.0% and 80.0%–90.0%, respectively. For annotation factor P, they were 66.7%–100.0% and 90.6%, respectively. For factor V, they were 75.0% and 67.7%–83.9%, respectively. There was excellent, substantial, and moderate agreement on POSTTEXT staging (Fleiss kappa = 0.82), factors P (Fleiss kappa = 0.64), and factors V (Fleiss kappa = 0.60), respectively.

Data Conclusion

MR POSTTEXT provides reliable discrimination between advanced and non‐advanced tumors, and MR has moderate to excellent specificity at identifying portal venous and hepatic venous/IVC involvement.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Optimization of liquid fertilizer management improves grain yield, biomass accumulation, and nutrient uptake of late‐season indica fragrant rice
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Ren Yong , Ashraf Umair , Gui Runfei , Deng Huizi , Dai Lan , Tang Xiangru , Wang Zaiman , Mo Zhaowen
Published: June 2023

Background

The use of liquid fertilizer is an effective measure to increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. There has been a lack of information regarding the effects on the grain yield, biomass accumulation, and nutrient uptake in late‐season indica fragrant rice of split fertilizer application and of nitrogen management in liquid fertilizer application.

Results

A 2‐year field experiment was carried out during 2019 and 2020 with two fragrant rice cultivars grown under differing fertilizer management treatments. Results showed that the fertilization treatments affected the grain yield, yield components, biomass accumulation, and nutrient accumulation significantly. The mean nitrogen recovery efficiency with liquid fertilizer management was greater than in a control treatment corresponding to a practice commonly used by farmers (H2). The effects of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in the leaves of both rice cultivars were stronger with liquid fertilizer treatments than with H2. Grain yield was positively associated with the effective panicle number, spikelets per panicle, dry matter accumulation, N and K accumulation, and the nitrogen metabolism enzymes.

Conclusions

Optimized liquid fertilizer management increases biomass accumulation, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism. It stabilizes yields and increases the economic benefits of late‐season indica fragrant rice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparison of Botulinum Toxin Injections and Type 2 Thyroplasty for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Sanuki Tetsuji , Takemoto Naoki
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) into intrinsic laryngeal muscles is the current gold standard therapy for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD). However, a surgical procedure could potentially offer more stable and long‐lasting voice quality to AdSD patients. Here, we report the long‐term results of type 2 thyroplasty (TP2) with TITANBRIDGE® (Nobelpharma, Tokyo, Japan) compared with those of BTX injections.

Methods

In total, 73 AdSD patients visited our hospital between August 2018 and February 2022. Patients were provided the option of BTX injections or TP2. They were assessed via the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)‐10 before treatments and at scheduled clinical follow‐ups at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks for BTX and at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks for TP2.

Results

Overall, 52 patients selected the BTX injection and had a pre‐injection mean VHI‐10 score of 27.3 ± 8.8. Following injections, the scores significantly improved to 21.0 ± 11.1, 18.6 ± 11.5, and 19.4 ± 11.7 at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively. There were no significant differences between the pre‐injection scores and the 12‐week scores (21.5 ± 10.7). Alternately, 32 patients opted to be treated with TP2 and had a pre‐treatment mean VHI‐10 score of 27.7. All patients reported an improvement in their symptoms. Additionally, the mean VHI‐10 score significantly improved to 9.9 ± 7.4 at 52 weeks following treatment. There was a significant difference between the two treatment groups at 12 weeks. Some patients received both treatments.

Conclusion

These preliminary results provide important insights into the value of TP2 as a potential permanent treatment for AdSD patients.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:3443–3448, 2023
Carbon and nitrogen sequestration during primary succession in granodiorite quarries
Authors: Chuman Tomáš , Plasová Marie , Derková Nikola , Trubač Jakub
Published: June 2023

Studies assessing the potential of mining areas for carbon sequestration focused mainly on areas after the extraction of energy raw materials, especially coal or oil shale, but little attention was paid to stone quarries and quarries of other non‐energy raw materials. We investigated carbon and nitrogen pools (stocks) along a chronosequence in the organic horizon and to a depth of 20 cm of the mineral soil in granodiorite quarries. We compared these pools and sequestration rates with other mining sites. The advantage of this study is that several differently aged quarries in a small area have the same rock chemistry and climate. Thus, the rate of pedogenesis is purely a function of time and vegetation. It is not affected by fossil organic matter or organic matter and nutrients in the topsoil used for reclamation. The vegetation succession tends towards tree cover dominated by Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Birch (Betula pendula), Willow (Salix caprea), Aspen (Populus tremula) and Alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soils from granodiorite quarries showed a natural accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in the soil to a depth of 20 cm during about 60 years of natural succession. The total soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools to a 20 cm depth average of 2482.4 g C m−2and 179.1 g N m−2, respectively, in the oldest plots >50 years old. These values are for carbon 2.6 and nitrogen 2.4 times lower compared to pools in the same depth on control plots. Carbon and nitrogen stocks and sequestration rates are lower than in compared coal mining sites and spoils. The sequestration rates of the total sampled soil profile decreased with time from 57 g C m−2 year−1and 4 g N m−2 year−1for sites younger than 25 years to 46 g C m−2 year−1and 3 g N m−2 year−1for sites older than 50 years.
Temporal effects of climate and soil fertility‐mediated maize yield and its sustainability: A case study in subtropical China
Authors: Cai Andong , Zhai Deli , Liu Kailou , Hassan Waseem , Li Yazhen , Han Tianfu
Published: June 2023

The sustainability of food production systems requires accurate assessments of the combined impacts of climate change and soil fertility on crop yield. However, a knowledge gap remains regarding the interactions of climate and soil fertility for the determination of crop yield and sustainability. For this study, we investigated how climate and soil fertility affected maize yield and its sustainability over a 30‐year experiment on red soil. Seven fertilization treatments were selected (CK (no fertilizer), N (chemical nitrogen), NP (chemical nitrogen and phosphorus), NK (chemical nitrogen and potassium), NPK, M (pig manure), and NPKM (NPK and M)). The link between grain yield and the sustainability yield index (SYI) increased exponentially (p < 0.001). Manure (M and NPKM) improved the concentrations of soil nutrients considerably compared to chemical fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NK, and NPK). The explanatory rates of selected climatic and soil parameters for grain yield and its SYI varied from 56.6% to 66.9%. Soil available nutrients (AP and AK) and total nutrients (TN and TP) regulated grain yield and the SYI at low and high soil fertility, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed a negative correlation between temperature throughout the maize growing season, grain yield, and the SYI, excluding the NPKM treatment. Correlations between temperature, grain yield, and the SYI were reduced as soil fertility increased. Climate (44.0%) and nutrient inputs (40.2%) under chemical and manure fertilization contributed the most to the observed yield. Path analysis explained 68% and 77% of the variations in grain yield under chemical fertilizers and manure treatments, respectively. Additionally, the results suggested that as air temperatures are predicted to rise early maize should be planted earlier and late maize should be planted later to optimize grain yield. Together, this study emphasized that improving soil quality and adjusting planting schedules in agricultural management practices can attenuate the negative impact of climate warming on grain yield sustainable production in the global subtropical regions.
Economic Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Fishing Industries: Perspectives, Methods, and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Chaji Marina , Werner Samantha
Published: June 2023

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are rapidly developing as an alternative energy source globally and in the Greater Atlantic region of the United States. Despite the pace of development, there are still many uncertainties surrounding best practices in assessing the economic impacts of offshore wind on regional fishing industries. This work aims to provide an overview and assessment of industry perceptions, methods, results, and knowledge gaps pertaining to economic areas of concern related to interactions between OWFs and fishing industries in the region. We provide a compilation of studies focusing on industry perceptions and impacts of OWFs on the fishing industry, focusing on four key economic areas of interest: fuel expenditures; insurance costs; fishing industry revenues, income, and livelihoods; and fishing support businesses. Our findings suggest four overarching knowledge gap themes that persist across all economic areas of focus: (1) a lack of economic data or economically centered data collection efforts, (2) minimal works aiming to quantify the economic impacts of key areas of concern, (3) a lack of peer-reviewed models and methods in quantifying economic impacts, and (4) limited syntheses containing best practices or lessons learned associated with quantifying the comprehensive economic impacts posed by OWFs on fisheries. This article aims to build awareness in areas where interdisciplinary collaboration can take place as well as serve as a foundation for informing best practice guidance as it pertains to assessing economic impacts imposed by OWFs on the fishing industry.
Design and characteristic analysis of uniplanar multiband frequency selective surface for GSM, LTE, WLAN, ISM, WiMAX and X‐band applications
Authors: Kundu Surajit
Published: June 2023

The uniplanar compact, affordable, and unique slot‐based multiband frequency selective surface (FSS) of periodic cell size 0.14λc × 0.14λc (λc is wavelength at the initial stopband resonance) is presented in this article. The quadband FSS is analyzed using full‐wave simulation, circuit simulation (ECM), and experimental measurement where good agreement is attained. The FSS offers polarization independence with steady responses for all angular variations in the TE plane and up to 45° in the TM plane. The FSS offers dual stopbands at 2.75–4.15 and 9.45–12.48 GHz and dual passbands at 0.001–0.8 and 4.74–5.6 GHz that includes spectrum coverage of GSM, LTE, WLAN, ISM, WiMAX, and most part of X‐band communication.