bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary amines as new carbonyl surrogate in Kabachnik‐fields reaction: A new metal free one pot approach to synthesize α‐Aminophosphonates in water
Authors: Malik Asif A , Ara Tabassum
Published: November 2022

A new and green strategy to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates has been developed using benzyl amines as carbonyl alternates. The method involves oxidative deamination of benzyl amines to produce in situ aldehyde intermediate which is then directly converted into aminophosphonates by coupling with aryl amines and trialkylphosphite. The synthesis offers a green alternative strategy which involves benzyl amines as useful carbonyl surrogate and their possible application in multicomponent reactions to synthesize value added products like aminophosphonates. The methodology has a wide substrate scope and functional group compatibility. Further, the synthesis uses aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a green oxidant and enables to synthesize these products under mild and metal‐free conditions in water as a medium.
NFVLearn: A multi‐resource, long short‐term memory‐based virtual network function resource usage prediction architecture
Authors: St‐Onge Cédric , Kara Nadjia , Edstrom Claes
Published: November 2022

Virtual resource load prediction in network function virtualization (NFV) is the subject of intense research due to its crucial role in enabling proactive resource adaptation in dynamic NFV environments whose resource demand constantly changes. Several long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based approaches have been proposed to forecast the resource load of multiple resource attributes of a virtual network function (VNF) in a service function chain (SFC). In this article, we present NFVLearn, a flexible multivariate, many‐to‐many LSTM‐based model which uses different types of resource load history (CPU, memory, I/O bandwidth) from various VNFs of an SFC to predict future loads of multiple resources of a VNF. We then compare four novel automated input selection frameworks for NFVLearn. Simulations on those frameworks based on graph neural networks, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and Kendall rank correlation coefficient demonstrate that models using lesser, highly correlated input features retain high prediction root mean squared error accuracy and coefficients of determination scores by leveraging resource attribute inter‐dependencies from the SFC. Those results show that resource attribute interdependency‐based input feature selection frameworks can reduce overhead in the control plane while keeping high accuracy and high fidelity resource load prediction of multiple resource attributes.
Performance of Starch Gels on In Vitro Enzymatic Hydrolysis Assessed by Rheological Methodologies
Authors: Santamaria Maria , Montes Leticia , Garzon Raquel , Moreira Ramón , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: November 2022

Starch hydrolysis is attracting much attention due to its relationship to digestion and glucose release. The objective is to propose rapid and continuous analytical methods that allow measuring gels hydrolysis following apparent viscosity (μ). Three different starches (corn, wheat, and rice) are tested recording starch gelatinization followed by gels digestions (digestograms) using a rapid‐visco analyzer (RVA) or a rheometer. Results are compared with those obtained by measuring glucose release along hydrolysis. A modified first‐order kinetic model in the RVA (R2 > 0.99) and rheometer (R2 > 0.99) describes the gels digestograms. Wheat gel shows a higher hydrolysis rate (k), which indicates faster digestion followed by rice and corn gels. The proposed models allow rapid analysis of starch digestograms, allowing to discriminate among hydrolysis rate of different starches. These less time‐consuming methods can be an option to continuously analyze starch gelatinization followed by enzymatic digestion.
Experimental investigation of rock–shotcrete interface damage under dynamic splitting using digital image correlation and acoustic emission
Authors: Chen Xudong , Hu Liangpeng , Chen Zhang , Ning Yingjie , Guo Yuzhu
Published: November 2022

Interface failure is the main type of rock–concrete structure failure, which affects the stability and safety. To study the interface crack propagation and damage characteristics, this article carried out the rock–shotcrete cube interface splitting test under different loading rates. The rock–shotcrete specimens are composed of four material types. Based on the nondestructive monitoring technology, digital image correlation and acoustic emission (AE) were used to monitor the whole process of splitting failure. The results indicate that, both peak load and critical displacement exhibit significant strain rate effects. The main stage of interfacial microcrack development is between 0.8 Pmax and Pmax. And the damage evolution of cracks is more sufficient and stable under low loading rate. The splitting damage at the rock–shotcrete interface shows phased characteristics. When the load is near the peak, the surge of the AE signal indicates that the damage is intensified.
Relationship between internal relative humidity and autogenous shrinkage of early‐age concrete containing prewetted lightweight aggregates
Authors: Wen Chuyuan , Shen Dejian , Feng Zhizhuo , Liu Ci , Deng Shucheng
Published: November 2022

Internal curing (IC) agents such as prewetted lightweight aggregates (LWAs) have been proved to be advantageous in reducing the autogenous shrinkage and early‐age cracking of concrete by introducing additional water. Quantitative analyses of internal relative humidity (IRH) of concrete are essential to better estimate the autogenous shrinkage of early‐age concrete. Existing studies investigate the IRH or autogenous shrinkage of early‐age concrete, respectively; however, the relevance between them of concrete containing prewetted LWAs remain lacking. Accordingly, the IRH, autogenous shrinkage, and the correlation between them for early‐age concrete with various LWAs replacement ratios were investigated. A noncontact device was utilized to measure the IRH and autogenous shrinkage of concrete simultaneously. Test results suggested that: (1) the absolute value of the maximum expansion increased from 0 με to 20, 50, and 96 με when the proportion of prewetted LWAs increased from 0% to 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively; (2) compared with Mixture LWA00, the autogenous shrinkage at 28 days decreased by 14.7%, 36.3%, and 62.6% for Mixture LWA10, LWA30, and LWA50, respectively; (3) the IRH at 28 days or the critical time of IRH was 88.7%, 90.1%, 93.2%, and 95.9% RH or 5, 6, 8, and 10 days for Mixture LWA00, LWA10, LWA30, and LWA50, respectively; (4) a prediction model for the evaluation of the autogenous shrinkage was constructed based on IRH of early‐age concrete considering the quantity of IC water introduced by various replacement ratios of LWAs.
Evaluation method of shear toughness for steel fiber‐reinforced concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: Yan Yongming , Gao Danying , Yang Lin , Pang Yuyang , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the double‐side direct shear experiments on the specimens with and without grooves were conducted to measure the shear load‐deformation curves of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate (SFRCA). The evaluation method for shear toughness was proposed first, and then the effects of water–cement ratio, replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate, volume content of steel fibers, and shear section height on the shear toughness of SFRCA were experimentally analyzed. The results showed that the proposed shear toughness evaluation method could reflect the shear toughness of SFRCA. The effects of the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate and the volume content of steel fiber on the shear toughness of specimens with grooves had the same trend as those of specimens without grooves. The shear toughness ratio of SFRCA increased with the increase of the volume content of steel fibers, and decreased with the increase of water cement ratio and the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate, respectively. Moreover, the residual shear toughness ratio increased almost linearly with increasing water–cement ratio, replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregate, and volume content of steel fibers, and decreased with the increase of shear deformation, respectively. Finally, the formula for calculating the residual shear toughness ratio of SFRCAC was proposed by fitting the test results.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation alleviates perfluorooctanesulfonate acid‐induced reproductive injury in male mice: Modulation of Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress response
Authors: Liang Yongchao , Lu Jingjing , Yi Wenjie , Cai Ming , Shi Weiqiang , Li Bingyan , Zhang Zengli , Jiang Fei
Published: November 2022

Perfluorooctanesulfonate acid (PFOS) is a typical persistent organic pollutant that widely exists in the environment. To clarify the toxic effects and mechanisms of PFOS and to find effective intervention strategies have been attracted global attention. Here, we investigated the effects of PFOS on the male reproductive system and explored the potential protective role of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3). Our results showed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 intervention significantly improved PFOS‐induced sperm quality decline and testicular damage. Moreover, 1α,25(OH)2D3 aggrandized the total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, after PFOS exposure, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) was adaptively increased together with its target genes, such as HO‐1, NQO1, and SOD2. Meanwhile, 1α,25(OH)2D3 ameliorated PFOS‐induced augment of Nrf2 and target genes. These findings indicated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 might attenuate PFOS‐induced reproductive injury in male mice via Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress.
Leveraging prior biological knowledge improves prediction of tocochromanols in maize grain
Authors: Tanaka Ryokei , Wu Di , Li Xiaowei , Tibbs‐Cortes Laura E. , Wood Joshua C. , Magallanes‐Lundback Maria , Bornowski Nolan , Hamilton John P. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Li Xianran , Deason Nicholas T. , Schoenbaum Gregory R. , Buell C. Robin , DellaPenna Dean , Yu Jianming , Gore Michael A.
Published: November 2022

With an essential role in human health, tocochromanols are mostly obtained by consuming seed oils; however, the vitamin E content of the most abundant tocochromanols in maize (Zea mays L.) grain is low. Several large‐effect genes with cis‐acting variants affecting messenger RNA (mRNA) expression are mostly responsible for tocochromanol variation in maize grain, with other relevant associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) yet to be fully resolved. Leveraging existing genomic and transcriptomic information for maize inbreds could improve prediction when selecting for higher vitamin E content. Here, we first evaluated a multikernel genomic best linear unbiased prediction (MK‐GBLUP) approach for modeling known QTL in the prediction of nine tocochromanol grain phenotypes (12–21 QTL per trait) within and between two panels of 1,462 and 242 maize inbred lines. On average, MK‐GBLUP models improved predictive abilities by 7.0–13.6% when compared with GBLUP. In a second approach with a subset of 545 lines from the larger panel, the highest average improvement in predictive ability relative to GBLUP was achieved with a multi‐trait GBLUP model (15.4%) that had a tocochromanol phenotype and transcript abundances in developing grain for a few large‐effect candidate causal genes (1–3 genes per trait) as multiple response variables. Taken together, our study illustrates the enhancement of prediction models when informed by existing biological knowledge pertaining to QTL and candidate causal genes.
Exploring the Purposes of Backmatter in Nonfiction Picturebooks for Children: A Typology
Authors: Cappiello Mary Ann , Hadjioannou Xenia
Published: November 2022

Nationally and internationally, we face a crisis of misinformation and disinformation (De Jesus & Hubbard, Social Studies, 112(3), 136–145, 2021; Lee & Hosam, Sociological Forum, 35, 996–1008, 2020). Now more than ever, children need to know how authors obtain the information included in nonfiction books. Backmatter simultaneously models informational literacy and engages students more deeply with information, offering them the opportunity to explore further. Through regular explorations of backmatter, students become vicariously immersed in the dynamic processes by which information is created and communicated, normalizing the vetting and utility of information in the public sphere as well as in their own lives. In this article, we offer a brief overview of the evolution of backmatter in nonfiction for young people and propose a typology of backmatter. By highlighting the important, complex roles backmatter serves, we hope to help establish it as an indispensable part of reading a book.
Storylistening: How narrative evidence can improve public reasoning about climate change
Authors: Dillon Sarah , Craig Claire
Published: November 2022

Stories have cognitive value—listened to carefully and expertly, they provide knowledge. That knowledge is captured and presented in narrative evidence—the product of the expert act of critical engagement with stories, and with others' engagement with stories.Storylisteningis the theory and practice of gathering narrative evidence to inform decision‐making, especially in relation to public reasoning, as part of a pluralistic evidence base. Storylistening is necessary to counter the political deployment of partial, selective, or misinterpreted narrative evidence. There are four ways in which stories can contribute to public reasoning about climate change. Stories play a role in reframing the “idea” of climate change, as well as being integral to many of the new disciplines, perspectives and knowledges drawn in as relevant by that reframing. Stories create and cohere collective identities and climate change beliefs and behavior. Narrative models complement and supplement computational models, creating an ensemble of models that more adequately covers the gaps that result from only deploying big, global, generalized models. Stories play a crucial role in enabling better anticipation for decision‐making, and storylistening can enable the use of narrative evidence from narrative futures methods, as well as perhaps improve the ways scientific evidence about the future is also listened to. Incorporating storylistening into public reasoning about climate change requires the evolution of advisory systems and of the academic humanities, and can play a role in the urgent need to democratize public reasoning about climate change.

This article is categorized under:

Trans‐disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Stringy ER = EPR
Authors: Jafferis Daniel Louis , Schneider Elliot
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The ER = EPR correspondence relates a superposition of entangled, disconnected spacetimes to a connected spacetime with an Einstein-Rosen bridge. We construct examples in which both sides may be described by weakly-coupled string theory. The relation between them is given by a Lorentzian continuation of the FZZ duality of the two-dimensional Euclidean black hole CFT in one example, and in another example by continuation of a similar duality that we propose for the asymptotic Euclidean AdS3 black hole. This gives a microscopic understanding of ER = EPR: one has a worldsheet duality between string theory in a connected, eternal black hole, and in a superposition of disconnected geometries in an entangled state. The disconnected description includes a condensate of entangled folded strings emanating from a strong-coupling region in place of a bifurcation point. Our construction relies on a Lorentzian interpretation of Euclidean time winding operators via angular quantization, as well as some lesser known worldsheet string theories, such as perturbation theory around a thermofield-double state, which we define using Schwinger-Keldysh contours in target space.
Feasibility, Safety, and Technical Success of the Flying Intervention Team in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kettner Alexander , Schlachetzki Felix , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Zimmer Claus , Wunderlich Silke , Kraus Frank , Haberl Roman Ludwig , Hubert Gordian Jan , Boy Sandra , Henninger Julia , Friedrich Benjamin , Maegerlein Christian
Published: November 2022

Background

Prompt endovascular care of patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains a major challenge in rural regions as primary stroke centers (PSC) usually cannot provide neuro-interventional services. Objective The core content of the Flying Intervention Team (FIT) project is to perform thrombectomy on-site at a local PSC after the neuro-interventionalist has been transported via helicopter to the target hospital. An important and so far unanswered question is whether mechanical thrombectomy can be performed as safely and successfully on-site as in a specialized comprehensive stroke center (CSC).

Methods

Comparison of 100 FIT thrombectomies on site in 14 different PSCs with 128 control thrombectomies at 1 CSC (79 drip-and-ship, 49 mothership) performed by a single interventionalist with respect to technical-procedural success parameters, procedural times, and complications.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of technical success (95.0% successful interventions in FIT group vs. 94.5% in control group, p = 0.60) and complications (3% major complications in FIT vs. 1.6% in control group, p = 0.47). Regarding time from onset to groin puncture, there was no difference between FIT and the entire control group (182 vs. 183 min, p = 0.28), but a trend in favor of FIT compared with the drip-and-ship control subgroup (182 vs. 210 min, p = 0.096).

Conclusions

Airborne neuro-interventional thrombectomy service is a feasible approach for rural regions. If performed by experienced neuro-interventionalists, technical success and complication rates are comparable to treatment in a specialized neuro-interventional department.
Was ist gesichert in der Therapie der chronischen Nierenerkrankung?
Authors: Greite Robert , Schmidt-Ott Kai
Published: November 2022

Man spricht von einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung („chronic kidney disease“ [CKD]), wenn über einen längeren Zeitraum (≥ 3 Monate) eine reduzierte glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) oder eine relevante Albuminausscheidung im Urin beobachtet wird. Die Ursachen von CKD sind vielfältig, wobei die Assoziation mit Diabetes mellitus am häufigsten ist. Frühe Stadien von CKD betreffen etwa 10 % der Gesamtbevölkerung. Mit Abnahme der GFR und Zunahme der Albuminurie steigen die Häufigkeit kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse, das Risiko einer Dialysepflichtigkeit und die Gesamtmortalität exponentiell an. Die Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM) und der Organisation Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) empfehlen eine Überweisung in die Nephrologie bei einer GFR ≤ 30 oder ≤ 60 ml/min pro 1,73 m2 bei Vorliegen verschiedener Begleitfaktoren. Das bedeutet, dass ein Großteil der CKD-Patienten allgemeininternistisch oder hausärztlich behandelt wird. Im vorliegenden Beitrag möchten wir die Datenlage zur Behandlung von CKD und deren Komplikationen in der Praxis komprimiert zusammenfassen. Wir gehen dabei auf aktuelle Leitlinienempfehlungen ein, diskutieren aber auch neue Studienergebnisse, die perspektivisch das therapeutische Repertoire erweitern könnten.
Beyond assembly features: systematic review of the core concepts and perspectives towards a unified approach to assembly information representation
Authors: Rea Minango Nathaly , Maffei Antonio
Published: November 2022

Product development requires sharing information of a diverse nature between several actors. Since the new products resulting from this process often require assembly as part of their manufacturing processes, it becomes necessary to promote a functional information representation for the assembly domain. Several authors have proposed different core concepts to represent the information related to assembly. However, the resulting body of knowledge is fragmented and lacks a unified concept and definition of the information this concept should contain to be broadly adopted by the academy and industry. This study aims to identify and characterize the core concepts used to enclose the assembly information (e.g., assembly features, ports, connectors, and others) by conducting a literature review in the domain of discrete manufacturing, considering the period between 1985 and 2022. It was found that the literature is rich in concepts but often diverging: a clear depiction of the assembly information required by the involved stakeholders during the whole product development process remains elusive. This work's contribution addresses this gap by identifying the perspectives from which the assembly information can be studied, and the information required to describe the assembly process fully. The resulting information requirements were used to assess the existing approaches addressing assembly information representation. These findings can be used as a base to establish a comprehensive assembly information representation in the future.
Comparison of iSeq and MiSeq as the two platforms for 16S rRNA sequencing in the study of the gut of rat microbiome
Authors: Salamon Dominika , Zapała Barbara , Krawczyk Agnieszka , Potasiewicz Agnieszka , Nikiforuk Agnieszka , Stój Anastazja , Gosiewski Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) regions is a culture-free method used to identify and analyze Procaryota occurring within a given sample. The prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene contains conserved regions and nine variable regions (V1-V9) frequently used for phylogenetic classification of genus or species in diverse microbial populations. This work compares the accuracy and efficacy of two platforms, iSeq and MiSeq from Illumina, used in sequencing 16S rRNA. The most important similarities and differences of 16S microbiome sequencing in 20 fecal rat samples were described. Genetic libraries were prepared according to 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation (Illumina) for the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S. The species richness obtained using iSeq technology was lower compared to MiSeq. At the second taxonomy level (L2), the abundance of taxa was comparable for both platforms. At the L7, the taxa abundance was significantly different, and the number of taxa was higher for the MiSeq. The alpha diversity was lower for iSeq than for MiSeq, starting from the order to the species level. The beta diversity estimation revealed statistically significant differences in microbiota diversity starting from the class level to the species level in samples sequenced on two investigated platforms. This work disclosed that the iSeq platform could be used to evaluate the bacterial profile of the samples to characterize the overall profile. The MiSeq System seems to be better for a detailed analysis of the differences in the microbiota composition.

Key points

• iSeq platform allows to shorten the sequencing time three times compared to the MiSeq.

• iSeq can only be used for an initial and quick microbiome assessment.

• MiSeq is better for a detailed analysis of the differences in the microbiota composition.
Imidazole-amino acids. Conformational switch under tautomer and pH change
Authors: Staś Monika , Najgebauer Piotr , Siodłak Dawid
Published: November 2022

Replacement of the main chain peptide bond by imidazole ring seems to be a promising tool for the peptide-based drug design, due to the specific prototropic tautomeric as well as amphoteric properties. In this study, we present that both tautomer and pH change can cause a conformational switch of the studied residues of alanine (1–4) and dehydroalanine (5–8) with the C-terminal peptide group replaced by imidazole. The DFT methods are applied and an environment of increasing polarity is simulated. The conformational maps (Ramachandram diagrams) are presented and the stability of possible conformations is discussed. The neutral forms, tautomers τ (1) and π (2), adapt the conformations αRτ (φ, ψ = − 75°, − 114°) and C7eq (φ, ψ = − 75°, 66°), respectively. Their torsion angles ψ differ by about 180°, which results in a considerable impact on the peptide chain conformation. The cation form (3) adapts both these conformations, whereas the anion analogue (4) prefers the conformations C5 (φ, ψ = − 165°, − 178°) and β2 (φ, ψ ~ − 165°, − 3°). Dehydroamino acid analogues, the tautomers τ (5) and π (6) as well as the anion form (8), have a strong tendency toward the conformations β2 (φ, ψ = − 179°, 0°) and C5 (φ, ψ = − 180°, 180°). The preferences of the protonated imidazolium form (7) depend on the environment. The imidazole ring, acting as a donor or acceptor of the hydrogen bonds created within the studied residues, has a profound effect on the type of conformation.
Human capital and the intertemporal substitution for leisure: empirical evidence for Spain
Authors: Cutanda Antonio , Sanchis-Llopis Juan A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper we provide the first estimate of the intertemporal substitution for leisure in Spain, accounting for the impact of human capital accumulation. This would allow uncovering whether the intertemporal labour supply of Spanish workers is affected by human capital. Our empirical strategy consists of estimating the equation for the intertemporal substitution of leisure with and without accounting for human capital, what allows to detect hypothetical estimation biases associated to omitting the impact of human capital. To that end, we build a pseudo-panel data set combining the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey and the Labour Survey over the period 1987–1997. While the model that ignores human capital accumulation provides an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for leisure about 0.25, comparable to previously available estimates for Spain and other economies, the model with human capital provides an estimate about 0.5, what confirms the existence of a bias in the former estimates. Finally, this bias is larger for the younger cohorts than for the older ones.
On Why Quine’s Ontological Relativity Requires Reconsideration
Authors: Król Zbigniew , Lubacz Józef
Published: November 2022

We aim to show from a new perspective that Quine’s ontological relativity, based largely on his so-called “proxy-function argument”, falls short of being a rigorously coherent philosophical conception, as it exhibits significant formal defects. This new perspective enables exposing the shortcomings of Quine's position and suggests a possible reformulation of the original position. Moreover, we argue that his ontological relativity is inconsistent with the empirical data associated with some of our best physical theories, such as quantum mechanics. We refer to fundamental concepts of philosophy and the foundations of mathematics in order to clarify our critique of Quine’s position concerning the relation between formalized theories and both what we can know about the real world and how we come to know it.
Connecting academics’ disciplinary knowledge to their professional development as university teachers: a conceptual analysis of teacher expertise and teacher knowledge
Authors: van Dijk Esther E. , Geertsema Johan , van der Schaaf Marieke F. , van Tartwijk Jan , Kluijtmans Manon
Published: November 2022

Disciplinary knowledge lies at the heart of academic work. However, connecting academics’ disciplinary knowledge to their professional development as teachers has been a longstanding challenge for (research-intensive) universities. This is reflected in criticism of the practices that aim to support the professional development of university teachers. In order to create better connections, a deeper understanding is needed of how academics’ disciplinary knowledge relates to the development of their teaching. In this paper, we therefore aim to advance theoretical insights about how academics’ disciplinary knowledge connects to their professional development as university teachers. We do so by providing a conceptual analysis of teacher expertise and teacher knowledge perspectives. Literature discussed as part of the teacher expertise perspective provides insights into how knowledge is structured in order to perform teacher tasks. In our discussion of the teacher knowledge perspective, we include bodies of literature about teachers’ knowledge base to explore the role of disciplinary knowledge in how to teach and about powerful knowledge to explore the role of disciplinary knowledge in what to teach. Insights from these bodies of literature can, from a teacher knowledge perspective, offer theoretical underpinnings for connecting academics’ disciplinary knowledge to their professional development as university teachers. Adaptive expertise and practical knowledge are identified as concepts that include elements of both teacher expertise and teacher knowledge perspectives. Based on the conceptual analysis, we identify and discuss three aspects related to supporting the professional development of university teachers where attention to connection with teachers’ disciplinary knowledge is important.
An Examination of the Negative Occupancy Distribution and the Coupon-Collector Distribution
Authors: O’Neill Ben
Published: November 2022

We examine the negative occupancy distribution and the coupon-collector distribution, both of which arise as distributions relating to hitting times in the extended occupancy problem. These distributions constitute a full solution to a generalised version of the coupon collector problem, by describing the behaviour of the number of items we need to collect to obtain a full collection or a partial collection of any size. We examine the properties of these distributions and show how they can be computed and approximated. We give some practical guidance on the feasibility of computing large blocks of values from the distributions, and when approximation is required.
Why does the confidence in companies, but not the confidence in the government, affect the demand for regulation differently across countries?
Authors: Czeglédi Pál
Published: November 2022

In an attempt to contribute to the literature on how and why confidence in market participants and in the government shape the demand for market regulation, this paper contrasts two interpretations. The interpretation implicit in the empirical literature supposes that people trade off market failures for government failures. The paper argues that implicit in the broader public choice literature there is an alternative that emphasizes the nirvana fallacy and leads to the conclusion that people’s views on markets and government in general is a determinant of the effect of trust on the demand for regulation. The paper applies a meta-regression analysis to examine the results of country-level regressions with different survey waves of the Integrated Values Surveys. It shows that the effect of the two kinds of trust are asymmetric and that the negative effect of the confidence in companies on the demand for government regulation is larger in countries that score higher on individualism.
Who are the In-Work Poor? A Study of the Profile and Income Mobility Among the In-Work Poor in Sweden from 1987 to 2016
Authors: Broström Lovisa , Jansson Birgitta
Published: November 2022

We studied the development, profile, and income mobility among individuals in in-work poverty in Sweden over a period of 30 years using data covering the entire population on a yearly basis from 1987 to 2016. By introducing a more solid work requirement that stretches over more time than the frequently used ‘seven-month rule’, we make sure that the in-work poor person in our study is mainly working. Our results show that the profile has changed: in 1987, the typical in-work poor person was a native-born single woman, but in 2016, they were a married man born outside of Sweden. When modelling income mobility over two 5-year periods, our results show that changes in household composition explain both upward and downward mobility and that it has become harder to change income position. Interpreting the results on a structural level, two conclusions can be drawn. As in-work poverty is no longer female-dominated, the Swedish policy for gender equality has been successful. As it is now closely connected with immigration status, the integration of immigrants into the labour market must improve.
Digitalization of the Logistics Process in Short Food Supply Chains. An online Viable System Model application during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Vilalta-Perdomo Eliseo , Salinas-Navarro David E. , Michel-Villarreal Rosario , García Bustamante Rocío
Published: November 2022

This paper reports an ongoing exercise concerning the design of a logistics App to support operations within Farmers’ Markets in Mexico. This exercise is part of a wider research agenda focused on ‘Supporting Alternative Food Networks’ (SAFeNET). This is a research agenda to conceive, build, implement, and develop better-informing decision-making processes that support effective and efficient AFNs (also known as Short Food Supply Chains) logistics operations in a digital environment, through smooth flows of goods and information among producers, AFNs coordinators, and consumers. This view calls for taking a systemic approach to help collectives of people to improve their autonomy and viability. Initial plans were to conduct this collaborative design exercise, using the Viable System Model (VSM) as a conversational tool. Accordingly, a series of face-to-face interviews and a focus group were planned. However, the lockdown due to COVID-19 forced researchers to abandon the face-to-face option and conduct the primary data collection online. The VSM intervention had to be adapted for its use on an online platform, in such a way that the platform would support knowledge building interactively, with a series of participants. This paper describes the format and visual appearance of the online VSM framework, its application, and the lessons learned through this exercise. Two points deserve to be highlighted: First, although the exercise outcome was very valuable for the next stage of the design, the participants’ capacity for collective and individual reflection during the workshop was limited. Second, participants continued adding comments via the adopted online visual collaboration platform after the workshop ended, showing an understanding of the process and commitment beyond the researchers’ expectations. The outcomes from this experiment are promissory, suggesting that online Systems Thinking interventions deserve further development.
Diverse forms of xylem-Like cells and strand formation in Xylogenic Eucalyptus bosistoana callus culture
Authors: Shwe Sabai Saw , Alizadeh Hossein , Tayagui Ayelen , Leung David W. M.
Published: November 2022

In vitro xylem induction system is a basic tool in physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of secondary cell wall formation, lignin biosynthesis and deposition associated with tracheary element formation. Eucalyptus bosistoana is a Class 1 durable hardwood tree species, selected by the New Zealand Dryland Forest Initiative for good quality wood and high adaptability to the NZ growing conditions. Xylogenic E. bosistoana callus culture was established and up to 40% of the callus cells were xylem-like cells (XLCs) which may have differentiated from small, cytoplasmically dense or compact dividing, and exhibited increased lignin contents during culture. The eucalyptus XLCs showed diverse sizes, patterns of secondary cell wall thickenings similar to the xylem cells in the young shoots and organized development including cell–cell connections of the XLCs to form xylem strands. This is the first report of the organized development of XLCs in E. bosistoana callus culture.
Exploring the antecedents of customers’ willingness to use service robots in restaurants
Authors: Molinillo Sebastian , Rejón-Guardia Francisco , Anaya-Sánchez Rafael
Published: November 2022

This study examines the willingness of customers to accept, and their intention to recommend, the services provided by service robots in restaurants. A mixed-methods research approach was taken to evaluate a theoretical model based on behavioural reasoning theory (BRT). The results demonstrated the important influence of positive attitudes and objections to the use of service robots on consumers’ willingness to use service robots, as well as their intention to recommend restaurants that use them. Among the main aspects that affect attitudes and objections, we found hedonic perceptions, perceived safety, interaction quality perception and anthropomorphism.
Parametric assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution within an open pit reclaimed by gangue
Authors: Niedbalska Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

The use of post-mining wastes in the reclamation of an open pit may act as a source of pollution that has a very strong impact on the groundwater environment. One such facility in Poland is the CTL Maczki-Bór S.A. sand mine filled with waste rock from hard coal mines. The current hydrodynamic conditions in the Quaternary aquifer causes that the wastes are in the bottom part of the open pit under the constant influence of groundwater. Due to the sub-level nature of the pollution source, the author of the study modified the classic rank-weight method of assessing the groundwater vulnerability to pollution in order to adapt it to the atypical type of the pollutant emitter. An individual approach was proposed by modifying the range of parameters as well as the assigned ranks and weights. Six key parameters were indicated, i.e. the thickness of the aeration zone, the thickness of the saturation zone, the filtration coefficients of the deposits in both of these zones, the recharge of the aquifer and the surface topography. The correctness of weight selection was verified by sensitivity analysis in the sensitivity variant of one parameter. It has been proposed to classify the groundwater vulnerability to 5 classes from moderately high to extremely high. For theoretical and effective weights, the obtained values of the index of groundwater vulnerability to pollution allowed to divide the area of the reclaimed open pit into two zones with high and very high groundwater vulnerability to pollution.
Microeconomic adaptation to severe climate disturbances on Australian coral reefs
Authors: Bartelet Henry A. , Barnes Michele L. , Cumming Graeme S.
Published: November 2022

Coral reefs are increasingly affected by climate-induced disturbances that are magnified by increasing ocean temperatures. Loss of coral reefs strongly affects people whose livelihoods and wellbeing depend on the ecosystem services reefs provide. Yet the effects of coral loss and the capacity of people and businesses to adapt to it are poorly understood, particularly in the private sector. To address this gap, we surveyed about half (57 of 109) of Australian reef tourism operators to understand how they were affected by and responded to severe impacts from bleaching and cyclones. Reef restoration and spatial diversification were the primary responses to severe bleaching impacts, while for cyclone-impacts coping measures and product diversification were more important. Restoration responses were strongly linked to the severity of impacts. Our findings provide empirical support for the importance of response diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and learning for social-ecological resilience.
Rapid re-establishment of top-down control at a no-take artificial reef
Authors: Kraufvelin Patrik , Bergström Lena , Sundqvist Frida , Ulmestrand Mats , Wennhage Håkan , Wikström Andreas , Bergström Ulf
Published: November 2022

Establishment of artificial reefs and no-take areas are management measures available for restoring deteriorated marine ecosystems, compensating for habitat loss and strengthening harvested populations. Following the establishment of no-take artificial reefs in western Sweden to compensate for hard bottoms lost to a shipping lane, we detected rapid positive effects on crustaceans and demersal fish compared to fished reference areas. The relative abundance and size structure of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) increased strongly in the no-take area indicating more than doubled and tripled egg production in 5 and 10 years, respectively. For benthic fish and crustacean communities, the abundances of gadoids and wrasses increased and the abundances of small decapod crustaceans decreased in the no-take area, likely indicating cascading effects of increased predation. The study demonstrates that relatively small no-take areas, enhanced by artificial reefs, can rapidly invigorate populations of lobster and fish that in turn may re-initiate local top-down control.
Die MISSCARE-Austria-Studie – Teil III
Authors: Cartaxo Ana , Eberl Inge , Mayer Hanna
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Pflegepersonen auf Allgemeinstationen im Krankenhaus arbeiten unter belastenden Arbeitsbedingungen und mit knappen Ressourcen. Der Pflegepersonalmangel im akutstationären Bereich stellt bereits jetzt eine Gefährdung für die Aufrechterhaltung der Patient*innenversorgung dar. Das Pflegepersonal berichtet darüber, dass notwendige Maßnahmen in der Patient*innenversorgung aufgrund knapper Ressourcen weggelassen werden müssen. Dieses Phänomen wird alsMissed Nursing Carebezeichnet. Die sich daraus ergebende Situation wird in der Literatur als erheblicher Faktor für die berufsbezogene Zufriedenheit von Pflegepersonen und für die Absicht, den Pflegeberuf zu verlassen, beschrieben.

Ziele

Die derzeitige berufliche Zufriedenheit und die Absicht, den Pflegeberuf zu verlassen, von Pflegepersonen auf Allgemeinstationen im akuten Bereich zu untersuchen. Insbesondere sollen unter Berücksichtigung der Arbeitssituation und des Phänomens vonMissed Nursing CareAspekte aufgedeckt werden, die einen Einfluss auf die Absicht, den Pflegeberuf zu verlassen, ausüben können.

Methode

Die MISSCARE-Austria-Studie ist eine quantitative Querschnittstudie mittels Online-Fragebogenerhebung mit dem revised MISSCARE-Austria. Die Analyse erfolgt mittels deskriptiver Statistik sowie Korrelationskoeffizienten, nichtparametrischen Gruppenvergleichstests und logistischer Regressionsanalyse. Teilnehmer*innen sind Pflegepersonen auf Allgemeinstationen in österreichischen Krankenhäusern.

Ergebnisse

An der Studie haben 1006 Pflegepersonen teilgenommen. Der Großteil der Befragten arbeitet in Vollzeit, in wechselnden Diensten und mehr als 10 h/Dienst. 80 % überschritten ihre geplanten Arbeitsstunden innerhalb der letzten 3 Monate. Es wurde eine positive Tendenz zur Arbeitszufriedenheit beobachtet, wobei jedoch ca. 75 % der Befragten in unterschiedlichen Zeitabständen darüber nachdenken, aus dem Pflegeberuf auszusteigen. Ein hochsignifikanter Zusammenhang zwischenMissed Nursing Careund den beiden VariablenArbeitszufriedenheitundAbsicht, den Pflegeberuf zu verlassen, wurde festgestellt. Wichtige Einflussfaktoren auf die Absicht, den Pflegeberuf zu verlassen, waren das Alter (OR = 1,57), die Funktion als diplomiertes Pflegepersonal (OR = 2,83), Überstunden bei Pflegepersonen ohne wechselnde Dienstzeiten (OR = 1,04), Arbeitszufriedenheit (OR = 0,04) sowieMissed Nursing Care(OR = 1,56).

Schlussfolgerung

Missed Nursing Careist ein wichtiger Prädiktor für die Arbeitszufriedenheit und für die Absicht von Pflegepersonen, den Beruf zu verlassen. Unsere Studie bestärkt die Relevanz des weiteren Monitorings dieses Phänomens in der österreichischen Versorgungslandschaft angesichts der aktuell prekären Pflegepersonalsituation, um aktuelle Entscheidungen in der Pflegepolitik zu unterstützen.
Cognitive trajectories preluding the imminent onset of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in individuals with normal cognition: results from the HELIAD cohort
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Siokas Vasileios , Ntanasi Eva , Kosmidis Mary H. , Yannakoulia Mary , Sakka Paraskevi , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Dardiotis Efthimios
Published: November 2022

Background

The cognitive trajectories of cognitively normal (CN) individuals rapidly progressing to Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) have not been investigated.

Aim

To explore the preclinical pattern of cognitive performance heralding the rapid progression from normal cognition to AD.

Methods

The HELIAD cohort underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments (memory, language, attention, executive and visuo-perceptual functions) at baseline and after approximately 3-year intervals. The cognitive trajectories of those with normal cognition at baseline were explored according to the follow-up diagnosis using adjusted generalised estimating equations analyses.

Results

A total of 932 predominantly female (61%), older (72.9 ± 4.9), CN participants were followed for 3.09 (± 0.83) years. Among them, 761 individuals remained CN, 29 progressed to AD and 142 developed MCI (33 single-domain amnestic, 41 multidomain amnestic, 37 single-domain non-amnestic and 31 multidomain non-amnestic). Those progressing to AD were already performing worse than the healthy reference in every single cognitive domain at baseline. Cognitive deficits ranged between ~ 0.5SD (attention, executive function and language) and ~ 1.0SD (memory and visuo-perceptual skills). Throughout the 3-year follow-up, memory constantly exhibited the most prominent impairment compared to the remaining cognitive domains while executive function diminished in the most abrupt fashion (~ 0.19SD yearly) separating from the remaining three cognitive functions before the development of full-blown AD. Heterogeneous patterns of cognitive decline clearly differentiated those progressing to MCI from those rapidly converting to AD, as well.

Discussion

Poor performance in every cognitive domain may characterise cognitively normal individuals at high risk of fast progression to AD.

Conclusion

Strict neuropsychological cut-offs fail to detect a considerable number of individuals at high risk of rapid progression to AD.
Base Cation Mobility in Vineyard Soils of the Colli Albani Volcanic District (Central Italy)
Authors: Gaeta M. , Aldega L. , Astolfi M. L. , Bonechi B. , Pacheco P. , Perinelli C.
Published: November 2022

The quality of the Colli Albani volcanic soils has certainly contributed to the vine cultivars hence the name of one of the oldest wines (i.e., Alban wine). The alkali up to 15 wt%, SiO2 ≤ 52 wt% and the emplacement at high temperature (≤ 600 °C) are the bedrock features that have deeply influenced the soil-forming processes in the vineyards. However, the peculiar features of the Colli Albani soils are not well known. Field survey and textural, mineralogical, and chemical data obtained with SEM, EMP, XRD, and ICP-OES were used to characterize the vineyard soils of the Colli Albani. Leucite (Lct)-bearing soils and quartz (Qz)-bearing soils occur in the studied vineyard. The Qz-bearing soils represent more weathered volcanic material, depleted in primary minerals and enriched in clays, which show a lower cation exchange capacity (CEC) than the Lct-bearing soils. CEC is a misleading definition for the Colli Albani soils because the base cation mobility in the vineyard is independent from clay mineral enrichment in the soil. Actually, the release of K, Na, Ca, and Mg depends by (i) the complete dissolution of leucite and analcime, (ii) the oxy-reaction affecting the phlogopite, which releases K + Mg, and (iii) the incongruent dissolution of clinopyroxene characterized by the “gothic texture.” This texture highlights the capacity of clinopyroxene to release Ca and Mg in volcanic soils. Quantification of the texture and abundance of the primary minerals are mandatory for the management of the vineyard soils in the Colli Albani and, in general, it is significative for the vineyards in volcanic areas.