bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A world panorama of bruxism in children and adolescents with emphasis on associated sleep features: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ribeiro‐Lages Mariana Batista , Jural Lucas Alves , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Vicente‐Gomila José , Ferreira Daniele Masterson , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andréa , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives

To present a world panorama of the published papers on bruxism in children and adolescents, emphasising the characteristics of studies related to the sleep features of these patients.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted in six databases without language or date restrictions. Data on the titles, types of study, main subjects, countries of origin, keywords, years of publication, authors and their network collaborations, journals and sleep studies were extracted and analysed using VantagePoint™ software.

Results

A total of 725 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most included only children (75.31%), with observational design (66.34%), and risk or aetiology (53.93%) as the main subject. Brazil (18.06%) and Brazilian authors (54.84%) had the largest number of studies, with a low amount of network collaboration. The Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published most of the studies (6.2%); publications in this field have grown considerably from 2000 to 2020. Of the studies, 123 (16.96%) included sleep studies; night sweating, restless sleep, sleep talking, mouth breathing, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, sleep‐disordered breathing, nightmares, poor sleep quality and duration, and daytime naps were significantly associated with bruxism in most.

Conclusion

Studies on bruxism in children and adolescents have increased in the past 20 years, with most being observational, and risk or aetiology as the main subject. Brazil and the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation have published most in the field. Sleep studies have shown some features associated with bruxism, such as night sweating, restless sleep, somniloquy, snoring, breathing problems, nightmares, daytime naps, and poor sleep quality and duration.
Interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to concerns regarding dental visits was associated with periodontitis in Japanese office workers
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Usui Michihiko , Ariyoshi Wataru , Nakashima Keisuke , Nagai‐Yoshioka Yoshie , Inoue Maki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nishihara Tatsuji
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the interrelationships among concerns regarding dental visits, the status of regular dental visits, and periodontal health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.

Background

Continuous oral health care and regular dental visits are important for maintaining periodontal health. Due to the possibility of contracting COVID‐19, individuals have been reluctant to visit medical institutions. It is unclear how the periodontal health of the Japanese population has been affected by the interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how concerns regarding dental visits have affected attendance at regular dental visits.

Methods

This study included 199 Japanese office workers in one municipal office at Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan (average age = 42.6 years; age range = 19–77 years; 123 men and 76 women). Periodontitis was defined based on a full‐mouth periodontal examination. The status of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic and concerns regarding dental visits were obtained via questionnaire. We tested the hypothesis that concerns regarding dental visits would indirectly affect periodontal health through the interruption of regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We used mediation analysis, in which concerns regarding dental visits (present or absent) were set as the exposure, periodontitis (present or absent) was set as the outcome, and the status of regular dental visits (continued during the COVID‐19 pandemic or not) was set as the mediator.

Results

Of the 199 study participants, 108 had a habit of attending regular dental visits. Of these, 31 (28.7%) discontinued regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Compared to the individuals who continued regular dental visits, those who discontinued regular dental visits had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (49.4% vs 77.4%, p < 0.05) and concerns regarding dental visits (22.1% vs 64.5%, p < 0.05). Discontinuing regular dental visits significantly mediated the association between concerns regarding dental visits and periodontitis (natural indirect effect: odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–2.79, proportion mediated = 64.3%).

Conclusion

The study results showed that individuals who discontinued regular dental visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to concerns regarding dental visits had relatively poor periodontal health.
Diagnostic utility of canine cerebrospinal fluid preserved by 10% buffered formalin
Authors: Montañes Sancho I. , Adamantos S. , Holmes A.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To examine the diagnostic utility of canine cerebrospinal fluid samples collected into tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without the addition of 10% buffered formalin analysed within 6 to 20 hours.

Materials and Methods

Inclusion criteria were dogs presenting to a referral hospital with neurological signs and having cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed. Samples were submitted to an external laboratory in tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as paired‐samples; one with the addition of one drop of 10% buffered formalin and the other without formalin. Cytology report, total nucleated cell counts, and protein concentration were reviewed. Three different categories of cell preservation were defined: diagnostic, non‐diagnostic and unclassified. Each sample was included in one of these categories depending on cytological features, and the diagnostic quality between samples was compared. Samples were further divided in two groups depending on protein concentration using 50 mg/dL as cut‐off value and the diagnostic quality between samples was compared.

Results

254 samples from 127 dogs were included. 47% of samples without formalin were non‐diagnostic, 46% diagnostic and 6% unclassified. In the formalin group, 2% samples were non‐diagnostic, 92% diagnostic and 6% unclassified. Samples with formalin preservation were statistically more likely to be diagnostic than samples without formalin preservation. In both protein groups (≥50 and <50 mg/dL) formalin samples were statistically more likely to be diagnostic as well.

Clinical Significance

The addition of one drop of 10% formalin is a simple, widely available method which can help to improve the accuracy of cytological assessment in canine cerebrospinal fluid by preserving cellular morphology when analysis is performed within 6 to 20 hours.
Technical considerations in Hi‐C scaffolding and evaluation of chromosome‐scale genome assemblies
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuaki , Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Ohishi Yuta , Naito Yuki , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: August 2021

The recent development of ecological studies has been fueled by the introduction of massive information based on chromosome‐scale genome sequences, even for species for which genetic linkage is not accessible. This was enabled mainly by the application of Hi‐C, a method for genome‐wide chromosome conformation capture that was originally developed for investigating the long‐range interaction of chromatins. Performing genomic scaffolding using Hi‐C data is highly resource‐demanding and employs elaborate laboratory steps for sample preparation. It starts with building a primary genome sequence assembly as an input, which is followed by computation for genome scaffolding using Hi‐C data, requiring careful validation. This article presents technical considerations for obtaining optimal Hi‐C scaffolding results and provides a test case of its application to a reptile species, the Madagascar ground gecko (Paroedura picta). Among the metrics that are frequently used for evaluating scaffolding results, we investigate the validity of the completeness assessment of chromosome‐scale genome assemblies using single‐copy reference orthologues.
Widening how we see the impact of culture on learning, practice and identity development in clinical environments
Authors: Sheehan Dale , Wilkinson Tim J.
Published: August 2021

As part of this State of the Science series on Self, Society and Situation, we focus on how we might see the situation of the workplace as a learning environment in the future. Research to date into how health professionals learn while working in clinical workplace environments has mostly focused on the supervisor‐trainee relationship or on the interaction between the affordances of a workplace and the receptiveness of trainees. However, the wider environment has not received as much focus—though frequently mentioned, it is seldom investigated.

We suggest there is a need to embrace the wider institution factors, recognise and acknowledge an organisation's values and culture as they impact on clinical learning in order to work with these, not around them or ignore them, to make what may be tacit visible through reflection and observation and to embrace a range of perspectives on culture.
Trust, power and learning in workplace‐based assessment: The trainee perspective
Authors: Castanelli Damian J. , Weller Jennifer M. , Molloy Elizabeth , Bearman Margaret
Published: August 2021

For trainees to participate meaningfully in workplace‐based assessment (WBA), they must have trust in their assessor. However, the trainee's dependent position complicates such trust. Understanding how power and trust influence WBAs may help us make them more effective learning opportunities. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 17 postgraduate anaesthesia trainees across Australia and New Zealand. Sensitised by notions of power, we used constructivist grounded theory methodology to examine trainees' experiences with trusting their supervisors in WBAs. In our trainee accounts, we found that supervisors held significant power to mediate access to learning opportunities and influence trainee progress in training. All episodes where supervisors could observe trainees, from simply working together to formal WBAs, were seen to generate assessment information with potential consequences. In response, trainees actively acquiesced to a deferential role, which helped them access desirable expertise and minimise the risk of reputational harm. Trainees granted trust based on how they anticipated a supervisor would use the power inherent in their role. Trainees learned to ration exposure of their authentic practice to supervisors in proportion to their trust in them. Trainees were more trusting and open to learning when supervisors used their power for the trainee's benefit and avoided WBAs with supervisors they perceived as less trustworthy. If assessment for learning is to flourish, then the trainee–supervisor power dynamic must evolve. Enhancing supervisor behaviour through reflection and professional development to better reward trainee trust would invite more trainee participation in assessment for learning. Modifying the assessment system design to nudge the power balance towards the trainee may also help. Modifications could include designated formative and summative assessments or empowering trainees to select which assessments count towards progress decisions. Attending to power and trust in WBA may stimulate progress towards the previously aspirational goal of assessment for learning in the workplace.
A quantitative analysis of primary dormancy and dormancy changes during burial in seeds of Brassica napus
Authors: Maleki Keyvan , Soltani Elias , Arabhosseini Ali , Aghili Lakeh Mozhdeh
Published: August 2021

For plants inhabiting unpredictable environments, scheduling germination can be challenging. Various responses to environmental conditions have been evolved by plants; these responses combine with variation in local climate to construct germination niche. Germination process may be regulated by a number of factors, among them, the type of seed dormancy and dormancy cycling play an important role in promoting survival after dispersal. In the present study, seeds of Brassica napus were tested for primary conditional dormancy (CD). Dormancy changes were quantified through seed population thermal germination parameters to test whether different genotypes of B. napus seeds (944, 966, Alestrom, Danube, Okanto and Rohan) are non‐dormant (ND) at the maturity or if they present primary dormancy (D or CD). In a burial experiment, B. napus seeds dormancy cycling in the natural soil seedbank was investigated. Germination of all genotypes decreased at 5 and > 20°C, showing narrower breadth of thermal niche for germination. Dormancy‐breaking treatments lead to the widening of thermal range permissive for germination. The lower limit (Tl(50)) and higher limit (Th(50)) temperatures for germination decreased and increased, respectively, for non‐dormant (after‐ripened seeds treated with GA3) seeds compared with fresh seeds in all genotypes. In fresh seeds, the Tl(50) and Th(50) for various genotypes ranged from 3.61 to 6.5°C and 25.0 to 29.0°C, respectively and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8°C and 35 to 41.0°C in non‐dormant seeds. Thus, fresh seeds of B. napus are dormant at dispersal and adopt delayed germination strategies to avoid summer drought. In the burial experiment, the results indicated that B. napus must have D/ND cycle in which fresh seeds first become dormant and then the cycle begins (CD→D↔CD↔ND), thus adopting both risk‐prone and risk‐adverse strategies to spread the likelihood of survival over time.
Two evolutionarily duplicated domains individually and post‐transcriptionally control SWEET expression for phloem transport
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Ye , Wang Jiang , Xue Xueyi , Beuchat Gabriel , Chen Li‐Qing
Published: August 2021

Cell type‐specific gene expression is critical for the specialized functions within multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis, SWEET11 and SWEET12 sugar transporters are specifically expressed in phloem parenchyma (PP) cells and are responsible for sucrose efflux from the PP, the first step of a two‐step apoplasmic phloem‐loading strategy that initiates the long‐distance transport of sugar from leaves to nonphotosynthetic sink tissues. However, we know nothing about what determines the PP cell‐specific expression of these SWEETs.

Sequence deletions, histochemical β‐glucuronidase (GUS) analysis, cross‐sectioning, live‐cell imaging, and evolutionary analysis were used to elucidate domains responsible for PP specificity, while a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor‐based transport assay was used to determine whether substrate specificity coevolved with PP specificity.

We identified two domains in the Arabidopsis SWEET11 coding sequence that, along with its promoter (including 5′ UTR), regulate PP‐specific expression at the post‐transcriptional level, probably involving RNA‐binding proteins. This mechanism is conserved among vascular plants but independent of transport substrate specificity.

We conclude that two evolutionarily duplicated coding sequence domains are essential and individually sufficient for PP‐specific expression of SWEET11. We also provide a crucial experimental tool to study PP physiology and development.
Eye movement patterns and reading ability in children
Authors: Hindmarsh Gregory P , Black Alex A , White Sonia LJ , Hopkins Shelley , Wood Joanne M
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Eye movements are integral to the reading process. This study characterised the eye movement patterns of children differentiated by their reading ability, while completing a saccadic eye movement test with irregular target spacing (Development Eye Movement (DEM) test) using a novel eye movement classification algorithm.

Methods

Participants included 196 Grade 2 Australian schoolchildren (mean age: 7.9 ± 0.3 years) who completed a computerised version of the DEM test, while their eye movements were recorded (Tobii TX300 eye‐tracker). Children also completed a standardised reading comprehension test, which categorised them into below average and average or above reading ability groups. A novel eye movement classification algorithm was developed that considered the vertical and horizontal eye movements of each child.

Results

Compared to children with average or above reading ability, the below average reading group displayed poor vertical eye movement control, demonstrated by a significantly greater proportion of interline eye movements (vertical eye movements away from the current line) (p < 0.001). Differences in horizontal eye movements were also observed, with below average readers demonstrating a smaller proportion of expected forward saccades (p < 0.001) (within‐line forward saccades with horizontal amplitude between the minimum and maximum horizontal spacing between digits), while this group also displayed longer fixation durations (p = 0.001). The below average reading group demonstrated significantly poorer results on all standard DEM metrics than the average or above reading ability group: horizontal subtest time (p < 0.001), vertical subtest time (p = 0.004) and ratio (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Children exhibiting below average reading ability were poorer at maintaining control of vertical (interline), as well as horizontal, eye movements compared to children with average or above reading ability. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying these differences, particularly in vertical eye movements, given that reading paragraphs (involving multiple lines of text) requires accurate eye movements in both the vertical and horizontal direction.
Systematic analysis of exceptionally preserved fossils: correlated patterns of decay and preservation
Authors: Gabbott Sarah E. , Sansom Robert S. , Purnell Mark A.
Published: August 2021

The fossil record of non‐biomineralized animals and tissues provides important insight into deep‐time evolutionary events. Interpretation of these highly variable remains requires an understanding of how both decay and preservation lead to fossilization. Here we establish a quantitative approach that unites data from decay experiments of extant taxa with preservation mode of fossils, allowing evaluation of both information loss and information retention, and their interaction, in non‐biomineralized fossils. We illustrate our approach using fossil data from two Lagerstätten with distinct taphonomic regimes, one characterized by phosphatization, and the other by pyritization of non‐biomineralized tissues. This demonstrates that frequency of occurrence of characters in fossil taxa is significantly correlated with sequences of character decay observed in extant comparator organisms, and that decay prone and decay resistant characters have distinct preservation modes; the former are mineralized and the latter are organically preserved. The methods and principles applied here to non‐biomineralized vertebrates are applicable to other exceptionally‐preserved fossils and allow for identification of systematic biases in fossil specimen completeness, character retention and the mode of their preservation. Furthermore, our analyses validates experimental decay in supporting the interpretation of anatomy in non‐biomineralized fossils.
Interactions in the Brassica napus–Pyrenopeziza brassicae pathosystem and sources of resistance to P. brassicae (light leaf spot)
Authors: Karandeni Dewage Chinthani S. , Qi Aiming , Stotz Henrik U. , Huang Yong‐Ju , Fitt Bruce D. L.
Published: August 2021

Pyrenopeziza brassicae, cause of light leaf spot (LLS), is an important pathogen of oilseed rape and vegetable brassicas and has a wide geographic distribution. Exploitation of host resistance remains the most sustainable and economically viable solution for disease management. This study evaluated 18 oilseed rape cultivars or breeding lines for host resistance against P. brassicae in glasshouse experiments. Selected cultivars/lines were inoculated with eight single‐spore isolates of the pathogen obtained from three different regions in England. Analysis of P. brassicae infection‐related changes on host plants identified leaf deformation as a characteristic feature associated with P. brassicae infection, this showed poor correlation to LLS severity measured as the amount of pathogen sporulation on infected plants. Resistant host phenotypes were identified by limitation of P. brassicae sporulation, with or without the presence of a necrotic response (black flecking phenotype). Investigation of this pathosystem revealed significant differences between cultivars/lines, between isolates, and significant cultivar/line‐by‐isolate interactions. In total, 37 resistant and 16 moderately resistant interactions were identified from 144 cultivar/line‐by‐isolate interactions using statistical methods. Most of the resistant/moderately resistant interactions identified in this study appeared to be nonspecific towards the isolates tested. Our results suggested the presence of isolate‐specific resistant interactions for some cultivars. Several sources of resistance have been identified that are valuable for oilseed rape breeding programmes.
History, dissemination, and field control strategies of cocoa witches’ broom
Authors: Sousa Filho Hélio R. , de Jesus Raildo M. , Bezerra Marcos A. , Santana Gregório M. , de Santana Romário O.
Published: August 2021

The world demand for cocoa beans has increased, but the spread of fungal diseases of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao) has become an obstacle. Witches’ broom is one such disease, caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa, a pest that devastates cocoa production. Thus, this review aims to address the historical description and verify the spread and field control strategies of witches’ broom in cocoa trees. Studies reveal that in various countries the disease has led to crises in cocoa production. The history of the disease shows a long fungal parasite–plant relationship and the first scientific studies indicate the Amazon Rainforest as the epicentre. In the field, attempts to control witches’ broom involve different strategies, such as genetic control, culture management, and chemical and biological control, which together form integrated management, an approach with good disease control results and perspectives for increased production. Nevertheless, there are economic and technical difficulties to be overcome. Records of occurrence indicate that witches’ broom is restricted to Central and South America, distributed across 14 countries. However, it is necessary to adopt measures that prevent the disease from spreading to other parts of the world, which could trigger a global crisis in cocoa production.
Initial respiratory support modality and outcome in preterm infants with less than 32 weeks of gestation in China: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Li , Li Jia‐hui , Yu Yong‐hui , Huang Lei , Huang Xiao‐yang , Fan Xiu‐fang , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Zhang Chun‐lei , Liu Qiang , Sun Ai‐rong , Zhang Yong‐feng , Cao Yang‐yang , Xu Ping , Liu Xiu‐xiang , Wu Jing‐cai , Yang Zhen‐ying , Sun Rong‐rong , Ren Xue‐yun , Li Jing , Wan Xiao‐li , Qiu Bing‐ping , Niu Shi‐ping , Zhu Ren‐xia , Wang Xiao‐kang , Zhang Yi‐hui , Gao Yan‐ling , Deng Li‐ping , Shi Jing , Bi Mei‐rong
Published: August 2021

Background

For initial respiratory management, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly used for preterm infants, especially for gestational age less than 32 weeks. However, neonatologists are concerned about the potential risks of CPAP support failure.

Objectives

To examine the association between different initial respiratory support modalities and the outcomes of preterm infants at <32 weeks of gestation across multiple neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in China.

Methods

This study was carried out over a period of 12 months in 2018. Unadjusted relative risks (RR) for demographic and clinical characteristics were calculated for CPAP failure and CPAP success in the total cohort using log‐linear model based on generalised estimating equations for clustered observations.

Results

Among 1560 preterm infants delivered at <32 weeks, the incidence of CPAP failure was 10.3%. After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, the relative risk of mortality (RR 7.54, 95% CI 5.56, 10.44), pneumothorax (RR 9.85, 95% CI 2.89, 61.53), pulmonary haemorrhage (RR 7.78, 95% CI 4.51, 14.64) and BPD (RR 3.65, 95% CI 3.65, 4.51) were considerably higher for infants in the CPAP failure group than those in the CPAP‐S group. However, the risk of poor outcomes in CPAP failure infants was similar to that of those in the initial mechanical ventilation (MV) group.

Conclusions

Continuous positive airway pressure failure was associated with an increased risk of mortality and major morbidities, including BPD, pulmonary haemorrhage and pneumothorax, and was comparable to the risk associated with initial MV.
High‐resolution facies analysis of a coastal sabkha in the eastern Gulf of Salwa (Qatar): A spatio‐temporal reconstruction
Authors: Engel Max , Strohmenger Christian J. , Peis Kim T. , Pint Anna , Brill Dominik , Brückner Helmut
Published: August 2021

Sabkhas are key landforms along the southern coast of the Arabian Gulf and represent modern analogues for depositional and diagenetic processes controlling properties and quality of ancient hydrocarbon‐bearing carbonates. While previous investigations of coastal sabkhas in Qatar have mainly focused on dolomitization processes, presented here is one of the first studies reconstructing facies changes and coastal formation in great detail. In the sabkha of Al‐Kharayej (Gulf of Salwa), fifteen different facies types were distinguished based on twelve sediment cores, two trenches, as well as grain‐size distribution, X‐ray powder diffraction, thin section and microfossil analyses. Age estimates were based on seventy‐eight 14C‐AMS and optically stimulated luminescence data. The sabkha parasequence comprises pre‐transgressive dune sands, a thin, transgressive layer of reworked dune material, a mid‐energy open‐coast to open‐lagoon facies, a low‐energy lagoon facies, saline lake facies (salina: swallow‐tail gypsum and gypsum mush) and the supratidal sabkha characterized by diagenetic overprinting (buckled gypsum crusts and halite crust). Transgressive marine flooding created open‐coast to open‐lagoon sedimentation after ca 7000 cal yr bp, followed by initial spit formation at the northern sabkha end at the beginning of the relative sea‐level highstand (6000 cal yr bp). This main outer spit prograded southward and a more narrow, low‐energy spit, diverted landward, closing a small lagoon in the northern sabkha 4500 to 4000 cal yr bp. The falling relative sea‐level and longshore drift intensified the southward extension and widening of the main spit, and the main lagoon became more shallow. At 2000 to 1500 cal yr bp, the outer spit had almost closed the main lagoon, leading to salina and, finally, sabkha conditions. It is shown how specific local conditions (coastline orientation; wind, wave, tidal energy, longshore drift; depositional relief; sediment sources) created a spit‐controlled sabkha that is genetically distinct from the classical model of shore‐perpendicular accumulation of coarser sediment during high tides or storms.
Technical regulation and trade: Export quality matters
Authors: Hyun Hea‐Jung , Jang Yong Joon
Published: August 2021

This study develops an approach for quantifying the importance of exporter product quality in the effects of the technical regulations of an importing country on bilateral trade flows. In this framework, the dual effects of technical regulation as the demand‐enhancing effect through reduced information asymmetry and the trade‐impeding effect from adaptation to different standards are identified. Using bilateral nontariff data for 74 countries at product levels from 1996 to 2014, we find that technical regulation can reduce exports, particularly in markets that have imposed technical regulations more frequently than exporting countries, but increase exports of high‐quality products. This result is confirmed across different income groups and technology, highlighting the importance of the trade‐promoting effect of technical regulation through increases in perceived quality.
A novel canine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy‐based metabolomics platform: Validation and sample handling
Authors: Ottka Claudia , Vapalahti Katariina , Puurunen Jenni , Vahtera Laura , Lohi Hannes
Published: August 2021

Background

Metabolomics has been proven to be an invaluable research tool by providing comprehensive insight into systemic metabolism. However, the lack of scalable and quantitative methods with known reference intervals (RIs) and documented reproducibility has prevented the use of metabolomics in the clinical setting.

Objective

The objective of this study was to validate the developed quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy‐based metabolomics platform for canine serum and plasma samples and determine optimal sample handling conditions for its use.

Methods

Altogether, 8247 canine samples were analyzed using a Bruker's 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. Using statistical approaches derived from international guidelines, we studied method precision, measurand stability in various long‐ and short‐term storage conditions, as well as the effect of prolonged contact with red blood cells (RBCs), and differences among blood collection tubes. We also screened interferences with lipemia, hemolysis, and bilirubinemia. The results were compared against routine clinical chemistry methods, and RIs were defined for all measurands.

Results

We determined RIs for 123 measurands, most of which were previously unpublished. The reproducibility of the results of the NMR platform appeared generally outstanding, and the integrity of the results can be ensured by following standard blood drawing and processing guidelines.

Conclusions

Owing to the advantages of quantitative results, high reproducibility, and scalability, this canine metabolomics platform holds great potential for numerous clinical and research applications to improve canine health and well‐being.
Thoracoscopic treatment of persistent right aortic arch in dogs with and without one lung ventilation
Authors: Marvel Sarah J. , Hafez Ahmed , Monnet Eric
Published: August 2021

Objective

To evaluate thoracoscopic treatment of persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) in dogs with and without the use of one lung ventilation (OLV).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Animals

Twenty‐two (client‐owned and shelter) dogs diagnosed with PRAA.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed retrospectively and intraoperative and immediate postoperative data were compared between dogs that underwent thoracoscopic treatment of PRAA with (OLV+) and without (OLV‐) OLV.

Results

Ten of the 12 dogs in the OLV+ group and 7/10 dogs in the OLV− group had their left ligamentum arteriosum successfully ligated during thoracoscopy. Median surgical time, surgery complications, anesthesia complications, and rate of conversion to an open thoracotomy due to limited visualization or surgical complications were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

Thoracoscopic treatment of PRAA can be performed with or without OLV. Surgical time, intraoperative complications, and conversion rates were similar between dogs that underwent thoracoscopic treatment of PRAA with and without OLV. OLV may not have contributed to improved visualization in this group of dogs.

Clinical Significance (or Impact)

The use of OLV is safe during thoracoscopic treatment of PRAA. OLV did not appear to provide significant benefits in this case series and thoracoscopic treatment of PRAA in dogs may be performed successfully with or without the use of OLV.
Comprehensive Thermodynamic Analysis of Steam Storage in a Steam Cycle in a Different Regime of Work: A Zero-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Approach
Authors: Ziółkowski Paweł , Szewczuk-Krypa Natalia , Butterweck Anna , Stajnke Michał , Głuch Stanisław , Drosińska-Komor Marta , Milewska Anna , Głuch Jerzy
Published: August 2021

Due to the current trends aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, changes are required in the operation of coal-fired steam units. The unstable nature of renewable energy sources, depending on weather conditions, means that the amount of energy produced varies and is not always in line with peak demand. To ensure the security and stability of energy supplies in the energy system, renewable sources should cooperate with units independent of environmental conditions. With conventional steam systems, the main issue of such energy storage applied to steam turbine units is presented in this article, which, in the event of a need for a sudden reduction of the system load, prevents overloading of the boiler and turbines, improving the safety of the system. This article presents a thermodynamic model of this energy storage. A zero-dimensional (0D) model was implemented, including the operating parameters of the unit. This model directly relates to the thermodynamic parameters defined at specific points of the thermodynamic cycle. Based on the 0D model, it was shown that the process of loading the energy storage with steam leads to a load reduction of up to 4%. Conversely, when discharging the stored energy, the net power of the steam block may increase by 0.4%. For more detailed analysis, a three-dimensional (3D) nonequilibrium with including cross effects approach was applied. This approach is based on flow models, with phase transitions that determine temperature fields, densities, and phase transition in relevant space, and is used for more accurate analysis. Here, we investigate the relationship between the 0D and 3D approaches in the context of steam storage. The combination of these two approaches is the fundamental novelty of this article.
Comparison of Flowability and Sinterability Among Different Binder Jetting Feedstock Powders: Nanopowder, Micropowder, and Granulated Powder
Authors: Du Wenchao , Miao Guanxiong , Pei Zhijian , Ma Chao
Published: August 2021

Feedstock powders used in binder jetting additive manufacturing include nanopowder, micropowder, and granulated powder. Two important characteristics of the feedstock powders are flowability and sinterability. This paper aims to compare the flowability and sinterability of different feedstock powders. Three powders were compared: nanopowder (with a particle size of ∼100 nm), micropowder (with a particle size of 70 μm), and granulated powder (with a granule size of ∼70 μm) made from the nanopowder by spray freeze drying. Flowability metrics employed included apparent density (AD), tap density (TD), volumetric flow rate (VFR), mass flow rate (MFR), Hausner ratio (HR), Carr index (CI), and repose angle (RA). Sinterability metrics employed included sintered bulk density (SBD), volumetric shrinkage (VS), and densification ratio (DR). Results show that the granulated powder has a higher flowability than the nanopowder and a higher sinterability than the micropowder. Moreover, different flowability metric values of the granulated powder are close to those of the micropowder, indicating that these two powers have a comparably high flowability. Similarly, different sinterability metric values of the granulated powder are close to those of the nanopowder, indicating that these two powders have a comparably high sinterability.
Roadmap on Atomtronics: State of the art and perspective
Authors: Amico L. , Boshier M. , Birkl G. , Minguzzi A. , Miniatura C. , Kwek L.-C. , Aghamalyan D. , Ahufinger V. , Anderson D. , Andrei N. , Arnold A. S. , Baker M. , Bell T. A. , Bland T. , Brantut J. P. , Cassettari D. , Chetcuti W. J. , Chevy F. , Citro R. , De Palo S. , Dumke R. , Edwards M. , Folman R. , Fortagh J. , Gardiner S. A. , Garraway B. M. , Gauthier G. , Günther A. , Haug T. , Hufnagel C. , Keil M. , Ireland P. , Lebrat M. , Li W. , Longchambon L. , Mompart J. , Morsch O. , Naldesi P. , Neely T. W. , Olshanii M. , Orignac E. , Pandey S. , Pérez-Obiol A. , Perrin H. , Piroli L. , Polo J. , Pritchard A. L. , Proukakis N. P. , Rylands C. , Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. , Scazza F. , Stringari S. , Tosto F. , Trombettoni A. , Victorin N. , Klitzing W. von , Wilkowski D. , Xhani K. , Yakimenko A.
Published: August 2021

Atomtronics deals with matter-wave circuits of ultracold atoms manipulated through magnetic or laser-generated guides with different shapes and intensities. In this way, new types of quantum networks can be constructed in which coherent fluids are controlled with the know-how developed in the atomic and molecular physics community. In particular, quantum devices with enhanced precision, control, and flexibility of their operating conditions can be accessed. Concomitantly, new quantum simulators and emulators harnessing on the coherent current flows can also be developed. Here, the authors survey the landscape of atomtronics-enabled quantum technology and draw a roadmap for the field in the near future. The authors review some of the latest progress achieved in matter-wave circuits' design and atom-chips. Atomtronic networks are deployed as promising platforms for probing many-body physics with a new angle and a new twist. The latter can be done at the level of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations. Numerous relevant problems in mesoscopic physics, such as persistent currents and quantum transport in circuits of fermionic or bosonic atoms, are studied through a new lens. The authors summarize some of the atomtronics quantum devices and sensors. Finally, the authors discuss alkali-earth and Rydberg atoms as potential platforms for the realization of atomtronic circuits with special features.
In-line electronic and structural characterization of reactively sputtered Cu-Co-Mn black spinel oxides
Authors: Krammer Anna , Lagier Maxime , Schüler Andreas
Published: August 2021

Cu-Co-Mn spinel oxide thin films are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum suggests a nanocrystalline spinel film when sputtered at ≈465 °C. In-line scanning tunneling microscopy confirms nanometric sized grains in the order of 5–10 nm, which then form larger agglomerations of 30–70 nm as observed by scanning electron microscopy. The pristine sample surfaces are characterized by in-line UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From UPS He I and He II spectra, a valence band edge of 0.38 eV, compatible with a bandgap of ≈0.8 eV, is determined. XPS infers Cu2+, Co3+, and Mn3+ as dominant, thus, fitting well the general spinel formula A2+B23+O42−. The elemental quantification based on XPS core-level peak integration indicates some Cu enrichment and a secondary CuO phase formation at the spinel surface that is congruent with the XRD results where peaks associated with tenorite CuO are also identified. The partially filled 3d bands make the Cu-Co-Mn oxides a promising candidate for selective solar absorbers. The measured spectral reflectance of CuCoMnOx//SiO2 double layer yields a solar absorptance of 0.8 and thermal emittance of 0.05. The coating durability and thermal stability in the air have been confirmed by accelerated aging tests at 270 °C for a duration of 600 h.
Associations Between Muscular Strength and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Older Adults
Authors: Song Bong Kil , Brellenthin Angelique G. , Saavedra Joey M. , Lee Duck-chul
Published: August 2021

Background: The association between muscular strength (MS) and prevalent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the older adults is not well established.Methods: This study included 542 older adults with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer. MS was measured by handgrip dynamometry. Participants were categorized into sex-specific quartiles of MS, while cases of GERD were identified by self-reported physician diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of GERD by quartiles of MS.Results: There were 112 GERD cases. Compared with the first quartile of MS, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of GERD were 0.50 (0.27–0.95), 0.39 (0.20–0.75), and 0.55 (0.29–1.04) in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of MS, respectively, after adjusting for possible confounders including body mass index. In a joint analysis of MS and body mass index, participants were dichotomized into weak (first MS quartile) or strong (upper 3 MS quartiles) and normal weight, overweight, or obese. Compared with the weak–obese group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.34 (0.14–0.80), 0.43 (0.16–1.13), 0.29 (0.12–0.68), 0.18 (0.06–0.55), and 0.07 (0.03–0.21) for the strong–obese, weak–overweight, strong–overweight, weak–normal weight, and strong–normal weight.Conclusions: MS was independently and inversely associated with GERD in older adults.
Predictivity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form for 5-Year Incident Disability Among Japanese Older Adults
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Doi Takehiko , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nakakubo Sho , Ishii Hideaki , Kiuchi Yuto , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

Background: This study aimed to examine whether physical activity measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) can predict incident disability in Japanese older adults. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults participated in a prospective cohort survey. The time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was assessed at the survey baseline using the IPAQ-SF. The participants were categorized into those who spent ≥150 minutes per week (physically active) or <150 minutes per week (physically inactive) in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. Incident disability was monitored through Long-Term Care Insurance certification during a follow-up lasting 5 years. Results: Among the 4387 analyzable participants (mean age = 75.8 y, 53.5% female), the IPAQ-SF grouped 1577 (35.9%) and 2810 (64.1%) participants as those who were physically active and inactive, respectively. A log-rank test showed a significantly higher incidence of disability among the inactive group of participants (P < .001). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that physically inactive participants had a higher risk of incident disability than the physically active ones did, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07–1.45, P < .001). Conclusions: Older adults identified as physically inactive using the IPAQ-SF had a greater risk of developing disabilities than those identified as physically active. The IPAQ-SF seems to be appropriate to estimate the incidence risk of disability.
Rapid greening response of China’s 2020 spring vegetation to COVID-19 restrictions: Implications for climate change
Authors: Su Fenzhen , Fu Dongjie , Yan Fengqin , Xiao Han , Pan Tingting , Xiao Yang , Kang Lu , Zhou Chenghu , Meadows Michael , Lyne Vincent , Wilson John P. , Zhao Na , Yang Xiaomei , Liu Gaohuan
Published: August 2021

Decreased human activities from COVID-19 containment measures caused a brighter, earlier, and greener 2020 spring in China.
Genomic gain of
RRS1
promotes hepatocellular carcinoma through reducing the RPL11-MDM2-p53 signaling
Authors: Cao Pengbo , Yang Aiqing , Li Peiyao , Xia Xia , Han Yuqing , Zhou Guangming , Wang Rui , Yang Fei , Li Yuanfeng , Zhang Ying , Cui Ying , Ji Hongzan , Lu Lei , He Fuchu , Zhou Gangqiao
Published: August 2021

RRS1 is a chromosome 8q oncogene that couples ribosome biogenesis to RPL11-MDM2-p53 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Ultrafast, tough, and adhesive hydrogel based on hybrid photocrosslinking for articular cartilage repair in water-filled arthroscopy
Authors: Hua Yujie , Xia Huitang , Jia Litao , Zhao Jinzhong , Zhao Dandan , Yan Xiaoyu , Zhang Yiqing , Tang Shengjian , Zhou Guangdong , Zhu Linyong , Lin Qiuning
Published: August 2021

A photocrosslinking hydrogel technique facilitates articular cartilage repair in minimally invasive surgery.
Direct observation of multiband transport in magnonic Penrose quasicrystals via broadband and phase-resolved spectroscopy
Authors: Watanabe Sho , Bhat Vinayak S. , Baumgaertl Korbinian , Hamdi Mohammad , Grundler Dirk
Published: August 2021

Magnonic quasicrystals give rise to multidirectional spin wave emission and the formation of a pseudo-Brillouin zone.
Glacial carbon cycle changes by Southern Ocean processes with sedimentary amplification
Authors: Kobayashi Hidetaka , Oka Akira , Yamamoto Akitomo , Abe-Ouchi Ayako
Published: August 2021

The model-data agreement of Southern Ocean properties is crucial for simulating glacial changes in the ocean carbon cycle.
Sex or cannibalism: Polyphenism and kin recognition control social action strategies in nematodes
Authors: Lightfoot James W. , Dardiry Mohannad , Kalirad Ata , Giaimo Stefano , Eberhardt Gabi , Witte Hanh , Wilecki Martin , Rödelsperger Christian , Traulsen Arne , Sommer Ralf J.
Published: August 2021

Developmental plasticity influences cooperative versus competitive social action strategies in animals.
Greenhouse warming intensifies north tropical Atlantic climate variability
Authors: Yang Yun , Wu Lixin , Guo Ying , Gan Bolan , Cai Wenju , Huang Gang , Li Xichen , Geng Tao , Jing Zhao , Li Shujun , Liang Xi , Xie Shang-Ping
Published: August 2021

North Tropical Atlantic Ocean variability increases in a warming climate due to an enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation influence.
A splenic-targeted versatile antigen courier: iPSC wrapped in coalescent erythrocyte-liposome as tumor nanovaccine
Authors: Zhai Yuewen , He Xiaorong , Li Ying , Han Ran , Ma Yuying , Gao Peng , Qian Zhiyu , Gu Yueqing , Li Siwen
Published: August 2021

Dilated erythrocyte membrane specifically transfer iPSC to spleen for effective tumor prevention.
Lithium preserves peritoneal membrane integrity by suppressing mesothelial cell αB-crystallin
Authors: Herzog Rebecca , Sacnun Juan Manuel , González-Mateo Guadalupe , Bartosova Maria , Bialas Katarzyna , Wagner Anja , Unterwurzacher Markus , Sobieszek Isabel J. , Daniel-Fischer Lisa , Rusai Krisztina , Pascual-Antón Lucía , Kaczirek Klaus , Vychytil Andreas , Schmitt Claus Peter , López-Cabrera Manuel , Alper Seth L. , Aufricht Christoph , Kratochwill Klaus
Published: August 2021

Lithium added to peritoneal dialysis fluid protects mesothelial cells and attenuates peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis by reducing αB-crystallin.
Regional Relative Risk, a Physics-Based Metric for Characterizing Airborne Infectious Disease Transmission
Authors: Dillon Michael B. , Dillon Charles F.
Published: August 2021

Airborne infectious disease transmission events occur over a wide range of spatial scales and can be important to disease outbreaks. We describe a new physics- and biology-based theory for the important case in which individuals are infected by a single airborne particle (numerous infectious particles can be emitted into the air and inhaled).
Development of Novel PCR Assays for Improved Detection of Enterovirus D68
Authors: Ikuse Tatsuki , Aizawa Yuta , Takihara Hayato , Okuda Shujiro , Watanabe Kanako , Saitoh Akihiko
Published: August 2021

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes a range of clinical manifestations, including asthma-like illness, severe respiratory disease, and acute flaccid myelitis. EV-D68 has caused worldwide outbreaks since 2014 and is now recognized as a reemerging infection in many countries.