bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Building Form with Damage Pattern and Damage Level
Authors: Rahayu Rita Laksmitasari , S Triyadi Sugeng , Tambunan Lily
Published: November 2022

The level of damage to the building is influenced by the configuration of the building plan with the angle of re-entrant and the pattern of damage. Architects need to know and understand the pattern of building damage and the configuration of hospital plans with an architectural approach. A certain level of damage has an impact on the safety of the lives of patients and health workers. The method used is a quantitative method with 2 steps, namely literature study and correspondence. The technique used is a visual identification technique from photographs in 28 earthquake-related journals with 108 cases. There is a significant relationship between the shape of the re-entrant angled building and the level of damage caused by the earthquake. The configuration of the building plan with re-entrant angles U and L is closely related to the level of heavy structural damage (level 4). The pattern of structural damage in the configuration of the re-entrant corner plan U, L, H occurs in the re-entrant corner and the outside of the building. The hospital as a vital building must use a floor plan configuration without a re-entrant angle.
Generating City-Scale 3D Finite Element Models from GIS Features and Heuristic-based Framing Models using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ramos Jamie Alea B , Quinay Pher Errol B , Colegio Karlo Daniel Q
Published: November 2022

City simulation-based studies require numerous structural models of sufficient accuracy. In this study, a tool that automates the generation of three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models given geographic information system (GIS) features is developed based on heuristic-based framing models. The developed tool utilizes feed-forward artificial neural networks (ANN), enhanced by topology-based partitioning and parallel computing by Message Passing Interface (MPI). Different sets of topologies are trained and tested using heuristic-based framing models to predict column locations and floor elevations given GIS features. Optimal topologies are then integrated into the frame model generating tool. With GIS features on building footprint and height as inputs, the developed tool performs several tasks: (1) pre-processing the given GIS features, (2) establishing the column locations, (3) generating the beam framing in the two-dimensional (2D) plane, (4) predicting the floor elevations, and (5) generating the 3D frame model. Using the developed tool, the 3D frame models of 8,753 and 7,400 target structures in two urban areas in Metro Manila, Philippines are created. With the generated 3D FE models, the application to city scenario seismic response simulation is demonstrated. Comparisons with a recent simulation-based study showed that the current ANN-based tool outputs more realistic framing configurations.
Isolation and characterization of filamentous biological soil crust forming algae from Malaysia
Authors: Chheang P , Min F T Y , Md Khudzari J , Iwamoto K
Published: November 2022

The biological soil crust method (BSC Method), which was established in Japan, may be a viable strategy for addressing the erosion and sedimentation problems in Malaysia. However, because this strategy has never been tested in a tropical environment, there is concern that it will be washed away by heavy rains and biological disturbance. Thus, identification and characterization of indigenous BSC-forming algae should be prioritized to ensure the effectiveness of the technology. This study was to confirm the presence of biocrust filamentous algae in Malaysia, followed by the collection and isolation of the biocrusts and the identification of their morphological properties. Algal growth and soil-fixing ability were also determined. In this work, we have successfully isolated indigenous filamentous algae, which can be potential candidates for the BSC Method in Malaysia. Results have shown that cultivation with aeration increased the biomass by 1.9-fold after one-week of cultivation. Based on soil erosion tests, it was demostrated that the presence of filamentous alga helped increase the soil surface resistance. Our findings suggest by implementing the BSC Method on selected slopes, soil erosion in Malaysia can be mitigated.
BSC (biological soil crust) Method for soil erosion control and vegetation recovery: Case studies in Japan
Authors: Nguyen T C T , Md Khudzari J , Imamura F , Sethi S , Iwamoto K
Published: November 2022

The biological soil crust (BSC) is a naturally occurring vegetation layer in the topsoil that is composed of a diverse array of microscopic living organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichen, liverworts, moss, micro-fungi, and other bacteria. BSC cover is well recognized for mitigating soil erosion caused by wind forces and overland flow. By forming a sheet-like soil microbe community, BSC cover can bind loose soil particles, stabilize and protect soil surfaces. This article reviews the applications of human-induced BSC, namely BSC Method, that was developed by the Japanese company Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. The BSC Method utilizes an algal species called BSC-1. We also discussed the BSC projects undertaken by Nippon Koei Co. Ltd between 2016 and 2021. BSC Method has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing and controlling soil erosion and regenerating vegetation; this method is simple, eco-friendly, and inexpensive.
Climate change adaptation measures in the agricultural sector in Southeast Asia: A mini-review
Authors: Sha’arani S , Sabri NSA , Hamdi NA , Riyadi FA
Published: November 2022

By 2050, the human population will have risen massively, so the demand for food and agricultural field will be the greatest global challenge in the future. However, biodiversity is declining as it experiences the impacts of deforestation, river pollution, the release of greenhouse gases, and many more detrimental effects that include global warming - the long-term increase in the planet’s temperature. The agricultural field is primarily dependent on climate and thus climate change could affect agriculture in various ways. The situation demands alternative approaches to overcome and concurrently maintain food security. Hence, this paper presents a review of the adaptation measures employed by the agricultural sector to address climate change. The focus is Southeast Asia as climate change has been progressively more threatening in this region. Several adaptive measures and gaps were discovered, as presented in this paper. The present review will be a viable resource for communities, especially local farming communities in Southeast Asia, which are facing a future of climate change.
Management of Waste Cooking Oil and its Potential for Value-added Materials: A Mini Review
Authors: Hamdi N. A. , Sha’arani S. , Azman N. F. , Rafi S. B. Mohd. , Norsin E. , Othman N.
Published: November 2022

Improper management of waste cooking oil in food industries like restaurants, hotels, and the use of retort technology in food processing is causing a devastating impact towards the environment. This is observed through odor problems and oil film formation on the surface of water bodies that increases the biological oxygen demand. Additionally, different types of cooking oil represent different physicochemical properties. This allows for the potential use of waste cooking oil as a carbon source for fungal growth thus contributing to the production of value-added products at a low cost and eco-friendly process. Biodegradation may take place by the enzymatic reaction which involves the hydrolysis of triglycerides and metabolized through the β-oxidation pathway to acetyl-CoA. Many fungal and bacterial strains capable of degrading vegetable cooking oils have been reported with most from the genus Aspergillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and others. From the industrial perspective, with the correct technology and proper recycling technique, waste cooking oil can be readily utilized as chemical building blocks in lubricant, candle, and fuel productions.
Backswamp Development’s Effects on Water Management System of Tidal Swamp Irrigation Palingkau SP1 SP2 SP3, Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Firstyadi Athanasius Donny , Wignyosukarto Budi Santosa , Istiarto Istiarto , Yakubson Yakubson
Published: November 2022

The Palingkau SP1 SP2 SP3 swamp irrigation is an expansion of handil’s agricultural area, which is influenced by tides from the Kapuas River on the left and the Kapuas Murung river on the right. The new area that exploits backswamp and the buffer zone upstream of Handil, gives an additional burden of dispersion of toxic materials resulting from the oxidation of acid sulfate soils and the loss of fresh water supply from backswamp. The actual leaching process is indicated by the water pH value in the collector and primary channels ranging from 2.58 ~ 3.6. Meanwhile, the water quality of Handil, Kapuas and Kapuas Murung rivers is better, ranging from 3.7 ~ 5.34. The confluence of tidal from two opposite sides has resulted in the disruption of pollutant discharge. Instead of discharged into rivers, its flow to Handil’s agricultural area and reduce agricultural productivity. The HEC RAS software simulation model is used to evaluate the optimal water management system. One-way flow system is introduced hydraulic structures for regulating the flow of freshwater water at high tide from the left handil into the new irrigation area and regulating the drainage at low tide through the right handil.
Isolation and characterization of dye-degrading bacteria from batik wastewater
Authors: Rakhmania  , Ibrahim Z , Abba M
Published: November 2022

Azo dye is typically dye used in batik industries that is toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. Chemical methods can effectively degrade the dye effluent however they produce more toxic compounds. Biological methods offer an alternative that is more environmentally friendly and produce readily degradable compounds. Dye degrading bacteria can degrade the dyes in the effluent under anaerobic for decolorization followed by aerobic condition to produce readily degradable compounds. The batik wastewater sample was collected in Kelantan, Malaysia and was analyzed for COD, pH, and color. The Horikoshi-II media pH 10 was used to propagate growth of bacteria in the dye effluent. The dye degrading bacteria then was isolated from the dye effluent using serial dilution spread plate and streak plate method; One bacterium was finally selected based on faster growth. The specific growth rate and generation time of isolated bacteria were 0.069 h-1 and 14 h respectively. The isolated bacteria have characteristic producing red pigment and gram-positive bacilli. Overall reduction of color and COD by isolated bacteria were 23% and 41% respectively. The isolated bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. strain ARNZ2707 via 16S rRNA sequence analysis.
Modified Surface Polymer Prepared by using Radiation-Induced Grafting Co-polymerization Method and Its Application: A Mini Review
Authors: Seman N , Tarmizi Z I , Ali R R , Salleh M S N
Published: November 2022

The use of radiation-induced grafting (RIG) polymerization techniques is an appealing way to create and develop polymerization of polymer. The method of copolymerization preparation was evaluated in this paper based on the types of radiation-induced grafting polymerization and their prospective applications. Based on the method of preparation, the optimum grafting yield of the monomer in the polymer backbone is described. The approach used to summarise this review was to go through polymer-related papers from the science direct online database from 2010 to 2021. Then, from those selected journals, the technique of preparation, the grafting yield, and the application were reviewed. Furthermore, the majority of researchers from reviewed journals employed gamma irradiation to prepare the modified polymer, followed by electron beam irradiation, plasma irradiation and UV irradiation. Gamma irradiation is popular because it has a better penetration rate and generates a purer result. As a result of this review paper, the radiation-induced graft polymer from the conducted study is ideal for use in biomedical applications, as a material for wastewater treatment fibre membranes, as an absorbent, and as a gas remover.
Antioxidant activity from the endemic aquatic Pothos tener Wall lives in Bantimurung waterfalls
Authors: Windyaswari Ari Sri , Elfahmi  , Hartati Rika , Nugraha Media Fitri Isma , Rajamuddin Muhammad Alias L. , Riyanti Soraya , Faramayuda Fahrauk , Karlina Yenni , Syam Akhirul Kahfi , Putri Agni Sjakhya
Published: November 2022

Bantimurung is located in the early tertiary isolated small land area in Sulawesi, and this is the factor that caused the endemism of its flora and fauna. Pothos tener Wall is an excellent aquatic plant used as a bioindicator in rain tropical forests and its lives under the Bantimurung waterfalls. Aquatic plant biodiversity has a great potential for bringing about new pharmaceutical inventions derived from freshwater aquatic flora. The genus Pothos is quite popular as a medicinal plant in India and Srilanka similarly P. scandens and P.chinensis as an anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic potential, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, anthelmintic potential, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, and bronchodilator. However, the research regarding P.tenner is quite lacking. The study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity from three extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) of P.tenner as an endemic plant from Indonesia. The TLC chromatogram pattern of three extracts had identified the free radical scavenging after being sprayed with a 0,2% DPPH spraying agent. The DPPH method with minor modification was adopted in three extracts of P.tener to examine the antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of quercetin (standard), n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were 7.4 ppm, 156,26 ppm, 196,25 ppm, and 163,78 ppm, respectively. In general, the potential antioxidant activity of three extracts was n-hexane>methanol>ethyl acetate. To conclude, the n-hexane extract of P.tener has the strongest antioxidant activity among others.
Administration of Water Extract of Stachytarpheta Jamaicensis L. Vahl Affects Haematological Profile on Animal Induced Imiquimod
Authors: Abdurahman Encep , Permana Nengdiana , Mardiana Grace Selly , Sutjiatmo Afifah Bambang , Wahyuningsih Sri , Choirunnisa Anna , Vikasari Suci Nar
Published: November 2022

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that occurs in the skin. An example of a drug that can induce psoriasis is imiquimod. This study aims to determine the effect of water extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl. leaves on haematological profile, spleen organ index and spleen histology in male Balb/c mice induced imiquimod. The extract was made by boiling water. The animals divided into 6 groups: normal, control, methotrexate 0.2 mg/kg BW, the extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW. Measurement of the haematological profile was carried out in the end of the srudy and the parameters were white blood cells, lymphocytes, mid-sized cells (MID), granulocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelets. The results showed that the extract at all doses can increase white blood cells including lymphocytes, MID, granulocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelets compared to control group (p<0.05). The result also showed that the extract at all dose can prevent enlargement of the spleen and reduce the level of lymphocyte infiltration in the spleen. It can be concluded that the water extract of S.jamaicensis leaves affects the haematological profile and spleen organ on animal induced imiquimod.
Effect of Boron and Pruning on Tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill) Production and Quality
Authors: Purwantoro Yugo Tri , Abror M. , Arifin Saiful
Published: November 2022

Tomato plant (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia, has a special taste, a blend of sweet and sour, making tomatoes as one of the fruits that have many enthusiasts. Consumption of fresh and processed tomatoes increases along with the increasing population and public awareness of the importance of nutrition. Until now the productivity of tomatoes is still quite low when compared to its potential. This study aims to find out the effect of boron fertilizer and stem pruning on the production and quality of tomatoes. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of Sukodono Village Agricultural Extension Center, Sukodono Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency and further observations were conducted in the Agrotechnology laboratory of Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo. Implementation starts from October 2020 to January 2021. The study used a randomized design of factorial groups consisting of 2 factors. The first factor of boron fertilizer dose with a level of 0 kg, 1kg, 2 kg and 3 kg / ha. The second factor of pruning is without trimming armpit shoots and with trimming of armpit shoots. From both factors obtained 8 combinations of treatment and repeated as much as 3 times. The data obtained is analyzed using variety analysis, and if the results of the variety analysis are different real and very real followed by the BNJ test to find out the difference in each treatment. The results of the study showed that there was an interaction in the observation of plant height, leaf area, and sweetness, the treatment of boron doses had a noticeable effect on the amount of fruit, fruit weight, plant height, leaf area, sweetness and hardness of the fruit. Pruning treatment has a noticeable effect on plant height, leaf area, hardness, sweetness, amount of fruit, average weight of fruit. However, the treatment of boron fertilizer doses and pruning had no noticeable effect on the content of vitamin C and the amount of chlorophyll of the leaves. The results showed that the treatment of 2kg / ha boron fertilizer dose and pruning resulted in better tomato production and quality.
In Vivo Analgesic of Leaf Extract of Piper Crocatum Ruiz and Pav
Authors: Hermanto Faizal , Suherman Linda P , Rahmawati Ine
Published: November 2022

Piper crocatum is one of the plants used empirically by the Indonesian people as an analgesic. This study aimed to determine the analgesic activity of P. crocatum ethanol extract by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Mice were divided into five groups (n=5), group I was given CMC Na 0.5% as a control group, group II was given mefenamic acid 65mg/KgBW as a standard group, and Groups III, IV, V were given ethanol extract of P. crocatum (EEPC) at a dose of 11 mg/KgBW; 22 mg/KgBW; 44 mg/KgBW. EEPC doses of 11 mg/KgBW, 22 mg/KgBW, and 44 mg/KgBW showed value of % of inhibition writhing respectively 3.84%; 46,15%; 61.53% compared to control (P≤0,05). From this study, EEPC can reduce the total of s writhing mice, which indicates pain.
Reservoir Simulation using Water and Chemical Injection Scenarios on Structure B of "X" Field
Authors: Pamungkas Sigit , Mardiana Dwi Atty , Riswati Shabrina Sri
Published: November 2022

Structure B in field "X" is a mature field that has been in production for 27 years and contribute in 80% of total oil production in PSC "S". The production declining faster as an impact of reservoir pressure depletion. In order to recover the remaining oil, some efforts to increase reservoir pressure such as water and chemical injection are needed. The aim of this study is to obtain best scenario to produce the remaining oil in structure B and increasing the recovery factor. Static and dynamic reservoir model with the latest data were created to obtain four production scenarios. Economic evaluations of the project also carried out to ensure that the project investment plan are attractive to implement. Black oil method of reservoir simulation applied in E314-E315 layer formation was the limitation of this study. The study suggest that scenario-4 with injecting water + alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) + polymer is the optimum scenario on this project, which provide incremental oil production of 9.4 MMstb or increase the recovery factor by 11%. This selected scenario gives an NPV of 29.3 MM$, IRR 31.4%, pay out time of 5.6 years, and government take of 83 MM$.
Synthesis and characterization of microparticles from artificial medical mask waste by freeze-drying method
Authors: Fabiani V A , Victory S , Putri S A
Published: November 2022

Since pandemic mask mandates are being applied with numerous equipment to protect the wearer from exposure to viruses which become the main reason why medical masks are preferred. The increase of medical mask waste and its poor management in most countries raises concerns about microplastics in the environment. On the other hand, the usage of medical masks delivers drastic waste that is harmful to the environment in the long run. Through this research, we transform medical mask waste into polypropylene microparticles which are applicable in numerous fields. The process includes pre-treatment, creating the polypropylene solvent, freeze-drying, and characterization. There is no eloquent difference for each concentration, but the higher the polypropylene percentage, the intensity of -OH and - NH2 decreased. The XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) pattern for 6% polypropylene microparticles is slightly higher than the 15% though the peak shows at the same 2θ. Morphology of polypropylene microparticles visualized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The material has a perfectly spherical shape indicating the removal of xylene is perfectly done.
Low carbon development of science and techno park (STP) pollung in North Sumatera Province
Authors: Apriyanto H , Tamtomo T D , Karima A N , Sucipto A , Wiratmoko A , Prasetya H , Oginawati K
Published: November 2022

The development of Science and Techno Park (STP) is one of the government’s efforts to increase competitiveness in the science and technology sectors as well as to improve the regional and national economy. Relevant to this, the government has planned the development of the herbal and horticultural sectors known as the Science and Techno Park of Herbal and Horticultural (STPH2). It is located in Pollung, North Sumatera Province, specifically in the Forest for Specific Purpose (KHDTK). In line with the government’s program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the planning of the STP development has used the principle of Low Carbon Development (LCD) as it will bring many benefits from reducing carbon emissions which also supports sustainable regional development programs. This research was carried out by reviewing the STPH2 planning documents, such as the master plan and Detailed Engineering Design (DED), which was followed by identifying components that could reduce carbon emissions and absorb carbon emissions. The results of these findings are then compared with references. The conclusion shows that the planned components, such as building design, land cover, and water and waste management systems have followed the LCD principle.
Implementation of type III environmental declaration based on ISO 14025: a case study on an ideal and reality of the PROPER program implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Rochmadi T , Herdioso R , Isharyadi F , Rustianto B , Aziz A
Published: November 2022

Environmental management program performance ratings for companies (PROPER) is a public disclosure program for environmental compliance by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). PROPER is a type of government policy to enhance the business’ environmental management performance by the law’s requirements. Furthermore, PROPER is an example of how environmental management has become more open and democratic in Indonesia. The application of this instrument is an effort by the KLHK to implement some of the virtues of good governance — transparency, equity, responsibility, and community participation — in environmental management. In 2021, the PROPER Program expanded its activities’ scope by including elements of LCA implementation in the program report. This paper aims to provide recommendations for the PROPER program implementation concerning applying the ISO 14025 standard. The method used in this study are literature studies of related regulations and mapping the existing conditions against the conformity of the ISO 14025 standard. The study shows that the current PROPER program has met several requirements of the ISO 14025, comprising life cycle assessments and environmental product declarations. However, the existing program should have determined that PCR is one of the elements required to assess environmental management performance ratings.
Comparison study of environmental product declarations to develop passenger train in Indonesia
Authors: Nadirah  , Yanuar A I , Hasrito E S , Rosmeika  , Sihombing A L , Bahua H , Wijayanti S P , Sasongko N A
Published: November 2022

Passenger train products labelled as environmentally friendly now tend to be a requirement in world trade. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method for quantifying environmental performance using the Product Category Rules (PCR) document as a guideline referring to the ISO 14027 standard. This study aimed to determine the methodological requirements for the PCR draft for the Indonesian Rail-Vehicle Industry by comparing and analysing the Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) of three different rail vehicles. They were train A (from Europe) and train B and C (from non-Europe), which already had the type III ecolabel predicates, and published an EPD report referring to the PCR 2009:05 - Rolling Stock document. The result showed that each type of train had different energy consumption and environmental performance characteristics. It depends on the energy source, the weight of the material, passenger loading, and the train design speed. Train A has a carbon emission value of 0.763 grams, while trains B and C are 8.19 grams and 12.8 grams per passenger-km, respectively. The analysis of the carbon emissions in those three trains will be used as input to develop the Indonesian version of the Rail Vehicle PCR document.
Explore mitigation potential in indonesia’s power sub-sector toward 2060: AIM/End-Use approach
Authors: Dewi R G , Primananda A , Harisetyawan V T N , Ikhsan I N , Prasetya K E , Sitanggang S E F , Sevie G N
Published: November 2022

The power sector in Indonesia has a significant chance to contribute to the accomplishment of the national emission mitigation target towards NZE (Net Zero emissions) in 2060. In this study, a quantitative evaluation was used to explore and analyze the effectiveness of mitigation efforts toward energy saving potential and GHG emission reduction, as well as the cost-effectiveness of mitigation actions based on the AIM/end-use model. The RUPTL mitigation efforts (CM1 & CM2) contribute 40% (CM1) and 46% (CM2) of the energy sector’s First NDC GHG emission reduction target. Through CM3, the power sector will peak GHG emissions in 2035. This will lead to carbon neutrality by 2060. The considerable reduction in GHG emissions is affected by new and renewable development, low carbon technologies, coal phase-out, and the integration of CCS technology with an additional investment cost of 1810 billion USD or 48 million USD/year (2022-2060). Deep decarbonization in CM3 could enable the power sector avoid carbon taxes and gain revenue $2.2 billion in 2060 from carbon trading.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Nuclear Electricity Generation Plant in Indonesia
Authors: Yoesgiantoro D , Nurbaiti
Published: November 2022

The Nuclear Electricity Generation Plant (NEGP) has long been studied in Indonesia, however the construction of the first NEGP still has not been realized because of various factors, including concerns related to high costs and inadequate understanding of NEGP benefits, although a comprehensive cost and benefit analysis has not been thoroughly examined. This study was conducted to provide a more detailed analysis of cost-benefit aspects of NEGP construction in Indonesia. The results of this study are to calculate the total cost of the initial investment, operating cost, decommissioning cost, and LCOE. Social costs were also included; in the form of opportunity costs caused by construction delays, and costs associated to accident mitigation and prevention. The potential economic benefits of building NEGP are net corporate profit, government income from taxes, and increased national output, as well as the potential revenue from the sale of carbon allowances. The potential intangible benefits from NEGP construction include the achievement of national energy mix objectives, carbon emissions reduction, job creation, and social welfare improvements.
Urban configuration of Thamrin City buildings in Jakarta
Authors: Prayudha W , Pradnyapasa D A , Nurhasana R
Published: November 2022

An increase in population is one of the common trends in urban areas. An increase in population will affect the development of the city due to the increasing need for urban facilities and infrastructure. The number of activities and developments produced by the city also produces a large amount of energy. Part of this considerable energy is lost in the form of accumulated heat due to being trapped by urban structures. The energy lost in the form of heat accumulates as the emission level which produces heat in the form of CO2 and heat absorption in the urban materials. The Thamrin City area is one of the important trades and service areas in Jakarta which has a high level of activities. The purpose of this study is to see the urban configuration in the Thamrin City. This study uses quantitative methodology. The result is identification of several components, namely urban heat island, urban canyon, and urban energy balance in Thamrin City which affect the increase of heat temperature in urban areas and induce climate change.
Synthesis activated carbon of pepper peel as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Kurniawan W B , Kurniawan K
Published: November 2022

The Supercapacitor electrodes made from activated carbon from biomass waste have attracted researchers’ interest as an energy storage medium. Activated carbon was synthesized from pepper peel waste with 1 M ZnCl2 activator and an activation temperature of 700°C Meanwhile, the supercapacitor electrodes were prepared using activated carbon which had been synthesized by adding acetylene black (AB) and polyvinyl de fluoride (PVDF) materials to make a homogeneous mixture. Then the sample is printed and dried using an oven. The electrode samples were then tested using SEM-EDX and CV to characterization of their morphology and energy storage capability. The CV results show that the sample has a specific capacitance value of 17.4 F/g.
Study on the Use of Ozone Water as a Chemical Decontamination Agent for Antineoplastic Drugs in Clinical Settings
Authors: Kato Ginjiro , Mitome Hidemichi , Teshima Kenichiro , Tawa Kanako , Hakuba Yui , Tanabe Tomotaka , Funahashi Tatsuya , Hatae Noriyuki , Koike Yasumasa , Hasebe Masafumi , Hidaka Noriaki , Tanaka Mamoru , Akira Kazuki
Published: November 2022

The exposure of healthcare workers to antineoplastic drugs in hospitals has been recognized to be harmful. To minimize the risk of exposure, the removal of these drugs from work environments, such as compounding facilities, has been recommended. In our previous paper, the degradation and inactivation efficacy of ozone water, which is being introduced into Japanese hospitals as a chemical decontamination agent, was reported for its effects on typical antineoplastic drugs (gemcitabine, irinotecan, paclitaxel). This article aims to further investigate the efficacy of ozone water for eight antineoplastic drugs to clarify its application limitations. A small amount (medicinal ingredient: typically ca. 1.5 μmol) of formulation containing 5-fluorouracil, pemetrexed, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, or docetaxel was mixed with 50 mL of ozone water (~8 mg/L), and the resulting solutions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography over time to observe the degradation. Consequently, the ozonation was overall effective for the degradation of the drugs, however this varied depending on the chemical structures of the drugs and additives in their formulations. In addition, after the parent drugs were completely degraded by the ozonation, the degradation mixtures were subjected to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and evaluated for mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium strains and cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. The degradation mixtures of cisplatin and ifosfamide were mutagenic while those of the other drugs were non-mutagenic. Further, the ozonation resulted in clear decreases of cytotoxicity for 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and doxorubicin, but increases of cytotoxicity for pemetrexed, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide. These results suggest that the ozone water should be restrictedly used according to the situation of contamination in clinical settings because the ozonation enhances toxicity depending on the drug even if degradation is achieved.
Interspecific variation in resistance and tolerance to herbicide drift reveals potential consequences for plant community co-flowering interactions and structure at the agro-eco interface
Authors: Iriart Veronica , Baucom Regina S , Ashman Tia-Lynn
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

When plant communities are exposed to herbicide ‘drift’, wherein particles containing the active ingredient travel off-target, interspecific variation in resistance or tolerance may scale up to affect community dynamics. In turn, these alterations could threaten the diversity and stability of agro-ecosystems. We investigated the effects of herbicide drift on the growth and reproduction of 25 wild plant species to make predictions about the consequences of drift exposure on plant–plant interactions and the broader ecological community.

Methods

We exposed potted plants from species that commonly occur in agricultural areas to a drift-level dose of the widely used herbicide dicamba or a control solution in the glasshouse. We evaluated species-level variation in resistance and tolerance for vegetative and floral traits. We assessed community-level impacts of drift by comparing the species evenness and flowering networks of glasshouse synthetic communities comprised of drift-exposed and control plants.

Key Results

Species varied significantly in resistance and tolerance to dicamba drift: some were negatively impacted while others showed overcompensatory responses. Species also differed in the way they deployed flowers over time following drift exposure. While drift had negligible effects on community evenness based on vegetative biomass, it caused salient differences in the structure of co-flowering networks within communities. Drift reduced the degree and intensity of flowering overlap among species, altered the composition of groups of species that were more likely to co-flower with each other than with others and shifted species roles (e.g. from dominant to inferior floral producers, and vice versa).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that even low levels of herbicide exposure can significantly alter plant growth and reproduction, particularly flowering phenology. If field-grown plants respond similarly, then these changes would probably impact plant–plant competitive dynamics and potentially plant–pollinator interactions occurring within plant communities at the agro-ecological interface.
Increased Fat Graft Survival by Promoting Adipocyte Dedifferentiation
Authors: Chai Yimeng , Jia Xinyu , Zhu Jinglin , Jiang Chanyuan , Yin Ningbei , Li Facheng
Published: November 2022

Background

Some adipocytes undergo dedifferentiation after fat transplantation, and this may affect the survival of fat grafts. However, this effect has not been adequately studied.

Objectives

This study aimed to clarify the effect of promoting the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes on the survival of fat grafts.

Methods

Mature adipocytes and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were treated with OSI-906 (a specific inhibitor of insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor) in vitro, and then the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and the proliferation of ASCs were evaluated. In the in vivo experiment, human lipoaspirates mixed with phosphate-buffered saline (Group A) or OSI-906 (Group B) were compared in nude mice. Grafts were harvested at 2, 8, and 12 weeks, and volume retention rate, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted.

Results

OSI-906 can promote the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes and inhibit the proliferation of ASCs. At 12 weeks, Group B showed a better volume retention rate (mean [standard deviation, SD], 62.3% [7.61%]) than group A (47.75% [6.11%]) (P < .05). Moreover, viable adipocytes and vascularization showed greater improvement in Group B than in Group A.

Conclusions

This study suggests that promoting the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes can improve the survival rate and quality of fat grafts.
Perceiver CPI: a nested cross-attention network for compound–protein interaction prediction
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Quang , Jang Gwanghoon , Kim Hajung , Kang Jaewoo
Published: November 2022

Motivation

Compound–protein interaction (CPI) plays an essential role in drug discovery and is performed via expensive molecular docking simulations. Many artificial intelligence-based approaches have been proposed in this regard. Recently, two types of models have accomplished promising results in exploiting molecular information: graph convolutional neural networks that construct a learned molecular representation from a graph structure (atoms and bonds), and neural networks that can be applied to compute on descriptors or fingerprints of molecules. However, the superiority of one method over the other is yet to be determined. Modern studies have endeavored to aggregate information that is extracted from compounds and proteins to form the CPI task. Nonetheless, these approaches have used a simple concatenation to combine them, which cannot fully capture the interaction between such information.

Results

We propose the Perceiver CPI network, which adopts a cross-attention mechanism to improve the learning ability of the representation of drug and target interactions and exploits the rich information obtained from extended-connectivity fingerprints to improve the performance. We evaluated Perceiver CPI on three main datasets, Davis, KIBA and Metz, to compare the performance of our proposed model with that of state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method achieved satisfactory performance and exhibited significant improvements over previous approaches in all experiments.

Availability and implementation

Perceiver CPI is available at https://github.com/dmis-lab/PerceiverCPI.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Recruiting to surgical trials in the emergency setting: using a mixed methods study to understand clinician and patient perspectives
Authors: Twiddy Maureen , Birtwistle Jacqueline , Edmondson Amanda , Croft Julie , Gordon Kathryn , Meads David , Burke Dermot , Griffiths Ben , Rose Azmina , Sagar Peter , Stocken Deborah , Brown Julia M B , Harji Deena
Published: November 2022

Background

Undertaking randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in emergency surgical settings is associated with methodological and practical challenges. This study explored patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives associated with the conduct of an RCT comparing laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery in the acute setting.

Methods

All eligible patients screened and enrolled for the ‘Laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery in the acute setting (LaCeS)’ multicentre, randomized clinical feasibility trial in five UK NHS Trusts were invited to respond to a survey. Patients and healthcare professionals were also invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Survey and interviews explored the acceptability of the feasibility trial. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis. Survey data were analysed descriptively to assess patient views of the trial and intervention.

Results

Out of 72 patients enrolled for the LaCeS RCT, survey data were collected from 28 patients (38.9 per cent), and interviews were conducted with 16 patients and 14 healthcare professionals. Thirteen out of 28 patients (46 per cent) had treatment preferences but these were not strong enough to deter participation. Twelve of the patients interviewed believed that their surgeon preferred laparoscopic surgery, but this did not deter them from participating in the trial. Half of the surgeons interviewed expressed the view that laparoscopic surgery was of benefit in this setting, but recognized that the need for research evidence outweighed their personal treatment preferences. Eight of the 14 recruiters reported that the emergency setting affected recruitment, especially in centres with fewer recruiting surgeons. Interviewees reported that recruitment was helped significantly by using surgical trainees to consent patients.

Conclusion

This study identified specific challenges for the LaCeS trial design to address and adds significant insights to our understanding of recruiting to emergency surgical trials more broadly.
The impact of hospital volume on survival in patients with locally advanced colonic cancer
Authors: Rosander Emma , Holm Torbjörn , Sjövall Annika , Hjern Fredrik , Weibull Caroline E , Nordenvall Caroline
Published: November 2022

Background

High hospital volume has been shown associated with improved survival in patients with several cancers. The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to investigate whether hospital volume affects survival in patients with locally advanced colonic cancer.

Methods

All patients with non-metastatic locally advanced colonic cancer diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 in Sweden were included. Tertiles of annual hospital volume of locally advanced colonic cancer were analysed and 5-year overall and colonic cancer-specific survival were calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method. HRs comparing all-cause and colonic cancer-specific mortality rates were estimated using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders (age, sex, year of diagnosis, co-morbidity, elective/emergency resection, and university hospital) and mediators (preoperative multidisciplinary team assessment, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical resection, and surgical experience).

Results

A total of 5241 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 2.7–2.8 years for low- and high-volume hospitals. The number of patients older than 79 years were 569 (32.3 per cent), 495 (29.9 per cent), and 482 (26.4 per cent) for low-, medium- and high-volume hospitals respectively. The 3-year overall survival was 68 per cent, 60 per cent and 58 per cent for high-, medium- and low-volume hospitals, respectively (P < 0.001 from log rank test). High volume hospitals were associated with reduced all-cause and colon cancer-specific mortality after adjustments for potential confounders (HR 0.76, 95 per cent CI 0.62 to 0.93 and HR 0.73, 95 per cent CI 0.59 to 0.91, respectively). The effect remained after inclusion of potential mediators.

Conclusions

High hospital volume is associated with reduced mortality in patients with locally advanced colonic cancer.
Current evidence on posthepatectomy liver failure: comprehensive review
Authors: Sparrelid Ernesto , Olthof Pim B , Dasari Bobby V M , Erdmann Joris I , Santol Jonas , Starlinger Patrick , Gilg Stefan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Despite important advances in many areas of hepatobiliary surgical practice during the past decades, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) still represents an important clinical challenge for the hepatobiliary surgeon. The aim of this review is to present the current body of evidence regarding different aspects of PHLF.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to identify relevant articles for each topic of PHLF covered in this review. The literature search was performed using Medical Subject Heading terms on PubMed for articles on PHLF in English until May 2022.

Results

Uniform reporting on PHLF is lacking due to the use of various definitions in the literature. There is no consensus on optimal preoperative assessment before major hepatectomy to avoid PHLF, although many try to estimate future liver remnant function. Once PHLF occurs, there is still no effective treatment, except liver transplantation, where the reported experience is limited.

Discussion

Strict adherence to one definition is advised when reporting data on PHLF. The use of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria of PHLF is recommended. There is still no widespread established method for future liver remnant function assessment. Liver transplantation is currently the only effective way to treat severe, intractable PHLF, but for many indications, this treatment is not available in most countries.
Reflection on modern methods: risk ratio regression—simple concept yet complex computation
Authors: Mittinty Murthy N , Lynch John
Published: November 2022

The risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the outcome among the exposed to risk of the outcome among the unexposed. This is a simple concept, which makes one wonder why it has not gained the same popularity as the odds ratio. Using logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio is quite common in epidemiology and interpreting the odds ratio as a risk ratio, under the assumption that the outcome is rare, is also common. On one hand, estimating the odds ratio is simple but interpreting it is hard. On the other, estimating the risk ratio is challenging but its interpretation is straightforward. Issues with estimating risk ratio still remain after four decades. These issues include convergence of the algorithm, the choice of regression specification (e.g. log-binomial, Poisson) and many more. Various new computational methods are available which help overcome the issue of convergence and provide doubly robust estimates of RR.
Using Preference Estimates to Customize Incentives: An Application to Polio Vaccination Drives in Pakistan
Authors: Andreoni James , Callen Michael , Hussain Karrar , Khan Muhammad Yasir , Sprenger Charles
Published: November 2022

We use estimates of time preferences to customize incentives for polio vaccinators in Lahore, Pakistan. We measure time preferences using intertemporal allocations of effort, and use these estimates to construct individually tailored incentives. We evaluate the effect of matching contract terms to discounting parameters in a subsequent experiment with the same vaccinators. Our tailored policy is compared with alternatives that either rely on atheoretic reduced-form relationships for policy guidance or apply the same policy to all individuals. We find that contracts tailored to individual discounting outperform this range of policy alternatives.