bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O brincar criativo e a obesidade infantil
Authors: Mishima Fernanda Kimie Tavares , Barbieri Valéria
Published: May 2010

A obesidade infantil é uma das doenças mais preocupantes atualmente, o estudo de seus fatores psicológicos é escasso, podendo se vincular a características específicas do brincar. Este trabalho objetiva investigar se há algum prejuízo causado pela dificuldade de expressão da criatividade no brincar de crianças obesas e, em caso positivo, qual a sua natureza. Foram realizados cinco estudos de caso com meninos obesos entre 7 e 10 anos, de nível sócio-econômico médio e famílias intactas, com aplicação do Teste do Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) e Teste de Apercepção Temática Infantil (CAT-A). Observou-se que a dificuldade das crianças em criar, simbolizar e brincar gerava sentimento de solidão e abandono. As figuras parentais foram vistas como ambivalentes, não suprindo as necessidades afetivas e a dependência dos filhos, mas exigindo sua autonomia. O comer compulsivo apresentou-se como única maneira de interagir com o ambiente, preenchendo a privação afetiva experienciada nas relações precoces.
Assessment of gastronomic heritage quality in traditional restaurants
Authors: Uggioni Paula Lazzarin , Proença Rossana Pacheco da Costa , Zeni Lúcia Andréia Zanette Ramos
Published: May 2010

This article discusses the concern with the preservation of gastronomical identity in regional dishes and proposes a methodology to increase the appreciation for these dishes, associating sensory and symbolic quality with current legislation on hygiene and sanitation. METHODS: A qualitative research in the form of a multicase study was done in traditional Azorean restaurants in a Southern, Brazilian city. Data were collected during the preparation of the dishes, using forms based on the systems Nutritional and Sensory Quality Assessment in Meal Production and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. RESULTS: The results showed that it is difficult to control the process when methodologies and legislation that concerns the degree of hygiene and sanitation are followed, which results in changes to the traditional recipes that could lead to significant heritage losses. CONCLUSION: Thus, by administering the method called Assessment of Gastronomic Heritage Quality, an adequate control of hygiene and sanitation was achieved, preserving the symbolic and sensory character of the typical dish.
Desnutrição energético-protéica e cárie dentária na primeira infância
Authors: Costa Dijane Pereira , Mota Ana Catarina de Miranda , Bruno Glaucenira de Barros , Almeida Maria Eneide Leitão de , Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz
Published: May 2010

Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação existente entre a desnutrição energético-protéica e a cárie dentária precoce na primeira infância. Trata-se de uma comunicação, para a qual foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a partir de análise documental de produção bibliográfica, baseada em levantamentos de periódicos e consultas a livros. Verificou-se que a cárie precoce na infância é altamente prevalente nas comunidades de baixa renda, nas quais a desnutrição é um fator comum e de grande relevância. Estudos mostram que crianças desnutridas tendem a apresentar defeitos estruturais no esmalte do dente, como também estão predispostas a um maior risco à cárie dentária. Portanto, uma deficiência energético-protéica durante a fase de desenvolvimento dentário (odontogênese) tem demonstrado uma maior suscetibilidade à cárie dentária, atraso na cronologia de erupção e defeitos estruturais do esmalte (hipoplasia de esmalte), hipofunção das glândulas salivares e mudança na composição da saliva. Estes fatores podem ser os mecanismos pelos quais a desnutrição associa-se à cárie. Em conclusão, os estudos sugerem que a deficiência energético-protéica durante a odontogênese gera atraso na cronologia de erupção e defeitos estruturais no esmalte (hipoplasia), além de poder afetar as glândulas salivares, aumentando o risco de ocorrência da doença cárie. Estudos investigando associações entre desnutrição e cárie na primeira infância são de grande relevância para ampliar o conhecimento desta doença e o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção e de prevenção desse problema de saúde pública com aplicações nas áreas de nutrição e odontologia.
Sex hormone modulation of proinflammatory cytokine and C-reactive protein expression in macrophages from older men and postmenopausal women
Authors: Corcoran Michael P , Meydani Mohsen , Lichtenstein Alice H , Schaefer Ernst J , Dillard Alice , Lamon-Fava Stefania
Published: May 2010

Inflammation plays a central role in the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone have been shown to modify the inflammatory response by influencing cytokine expression in human macrophages obtained from younger individuals. The effect of these hormones on the expression of proinflammatory markers in macrophages obtained from a CHD age-relevant population has not been studied. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) were obtained from healthy normolipidemic men and postmenopausal women (age 50–70 years), and cultured in autologous serum along with both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of estrogen or testosterone. HMDMs were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins, and the expression of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α or TNF), interleukin (IL)6, and IL-1β (IL1B) and of the acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured. Both physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of testosterone reduced the expression and secretion of TNF-α and reduced the expression of IL-1β, but did not affect the expression of IL6 or CRP. Estrogen did not modify the expression of TNF-α, IL6, and IL-1β. Estrogen caused a variable response in CRP expression that was positively associated with the plasma small dense LDL-cholesterol concentration of the donors. There were no gender differences in any of the observed effects. Our results indicate that testosterone may exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing macrophage TNF-α expression, while the effects of estrogen on macrophage CRP expression may depend upon the extracellular lipid environment.
Public Goods, the Free Market Economy, and International Arrangements for the Environment, or Why is There a Price Tag on the Air We Breathe?
Authors: Arian Ofer
Published: May 2010

The awareness of environmental problems, which developed in the 1970s, led to the signing of a considerable number of international agreements. The present article will explain the reasons why all these agreements have been breached. An explanation that utilizes a model based on game theory will be given special emphasis. The major argument made in the article is that environmental resources are economic and not public goods, as they are erroneously considered. Thus, the establishment of a system of international arrangements (regulations) to allocate environmental resources and monitor their use by imposing fines, restrictions, and taxes on utilization that exceeds permitted levels is doomed to failure. The solution proposed in the article is the establishment of an International Environment Fund (IEF), which will allocate direct economic incentives and derive its funding from the royalties of environmental preservation activities.
The historians of philosophy and late scholastics: The case of Descartes' theory of ideas
Authors: Milidrag Predrag
Published: May 2010

The article analyzes the development of the research of late scholastics sources of Descartes' theory of ideas. In the first part, it analyzes long time dominant opinion among the historians of philosophy that Descartes' theory of ideas is an epistemology in its essence. The reasons for abandoning of such, mainly neokantian image were the appearance of the new generation of the historians of philosophy that investigated the non-metaphysical areas of Descartes' thought, as well as the new interpretations of the very late scholastics philosophy. In second part of the essay, it is shown why late scholastics is relevant for Descartes, and not, for example, Tomas Aquinas and why Francisco Suarez is especially important in the context of Descartes theory of ideas.
The Association of Hemoglobin A1c With Incident Heart Failure Among People Without Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Matsushita Kunihiro , Blecker Saul , Pazin-Filho Antonio , Bertoni Alain , Chang Patricia P. , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

This study sought to investigate an association of HbA1c (A1C) with incident heart failure among individuals without diabetes and compare it to fasting glucose.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 11,057 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study without heart failure or diabetes at baseline and estimated hazard ratios of incident heart failure by categories of A1C (<5.0, 5.0–5.4 [reference], 5.5–5.9, and 6.0–6.4%) and fasting glucose (<90, 90–99 [reference], 100–109, and 110–125 mg/dl) using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

A total of 841 cases of incident heart failure hospitalization or deaths (International Classification of Disease, 9th/10th Revision, 428/I50) occurred during a median follow-up of 14.1 years (incidence rate 5.7 per 1,000 person-years). After the adjustment for covariates including fasting glucose, the hazard ratio of incident heart failure was higher in individuals with A1C 6.0–6.4% (1.40 [95% CI, 1.09–1.79]) and 5.5–6.0% (1.16 [0.98–1.37]) as compared with the reference group. Similar results were observed when adjusting for insulin level or limiting to heart failure cases without preceding coronary events or developed diabetes during follow-up. In contrast, elevated fasting glucose was not associated with heart failure after adjustment for covariates and A1C. Similar findings were observed when the top quartile (A1C, 5.7–6.4%, and fasting glucose, 108–125 mg/dl) was compared with the lowest quartile (<5.2% and <95 mg/dl, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated A1C (≥5.5–6.0%) was associated with incident heart failure in a middle-aged population without diabetes, suggesting that chronic hyperglycemia prior to the development of diabetes contributes to development of heart failure.
Roles of the Metabolic Syndrome, HDL Cholesterol, and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Subclinical Inflammation
Authors: Rein Philipp , Saely Christoph H. , Beer Stefan , Vonbank Alexander , Drexel Heinz
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coincide; their individual contribution to inflammation is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We enrolled 1,010 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Coronary stenoses ≥50% were considered significant. The MetS was defined according to American Heart Association–revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.

RESULTS

C-reactive protein (CRP) did not differ between patients with significant CAD and subjects without significant CAD (P = 0.706) but was significantly higher in MetS patients than in those without MetS (P < 0.001). The MetS criteria low HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001), large waist (P < 0.001), high glucose (P < 0.001), and high blood pressure (P = 0.016), but not high triglycerides (P = 0.352), proved associated with CRP. When all MetS traits were considered simultaneously, only low HDL cholesterol proved independently associated with CRP (F = 44.19; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

CRP is strongly associated with the MetS but not with coronary atherosclerosis. The association of the MetS with subclinical inflammation is driven by the low HDL cholesterol feature.
Acidosis: The Prime Determinant of Depressed Sensorium in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Nyenwe Ebenezer A. , Razavi Laleh N. , Kitabchi Abbas E. , Khan Amna N. , Wan Jim Y.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

The etiology of altered sensorium in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine the origin of depressed consciousness in DKA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed retrospectively clinical and biochemical data of DKA patients admitted in a community teaching hospital.

RESULTS

We recorded 216 cases, 21% of which occurred in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Mean serum osmolality and pH were 304 ± 31.6 mOsm/kg and 7.14 ± 0.15, respectively. Acidosis emerged as the prime determinant of altered sensorium, but hyperosmolarity played a synergistic role in patients with severe acidosis to precipitate depressed sensorium (odds ratio 2.87). Combination of severe acidosis and hyperosmolarity predicted altered consciousness with 61% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Mortality occurred in 0.9% of the cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Acidosis was independently associated with altered sensorium, but hyperosmolarity and serum “ketone” levels were not. Combination of hyperosmolarity and acidosis predicted altered sensorium with good sensitivity and specificity.
Glycemic Control Influences Serum Angiogenin Concentrations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Siebert Janusz , Reiwer-Gostomska Magdalena , Mysliwska Jolanta , Marek Natalia , Raczynska Krystyna , Glasner Leopold
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

Because diabetes is the most frequent factor responsible for microvascular and macrovascular disease, we investigated angiogenin serum levels within the diabetic patient group.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We investigated 49 patients who met the criteria to be in the diabetic group. Forty nondiabetic patients were included in the control group. We set A1C <7% as well-controlled diabetes. Serum angiogenin level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.

RESULTS

Serum angiogenin levels of poorly controlled patients with type 2 diabetes were significantly lower than those of group with well-controlled diabetes (361.23 ± 126.03 ng/ml vs. 446.37 ± 134.10 ng/ml; P = 0.001). Moreover, they were characterized by a significantly longer duration of the disease (P = 0.006), higher BMI (P = 0.0003), and higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.01). Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL were not significantly different in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (A1C >7%) have lower angiogenin levels than patients with well-controlled diabetes.
Dialysis Treatment Is an Independent Risk Factor for Foot Ulceration in Patients With Diabetes and Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ndip Agbor , Rutter Martin K. , Vileikyte Loretta , Vardhan Anand , Asari Ashwinbhai , Jameel Mehreen , Tahir Hassan A. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Boulton Andrew J.M.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether dialysis treatment is an independent risk factor for foot ulceration in patients with diabetes and renal impairment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with diabetes and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending clinics in Manchester (U.K.). Patients were classified as either receiving dialysis therapy (dialysis) or not (no dialysis). Foot assessment included diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), prior foot ulceration and amputation, and foot self-care. Risk factors for prevalent foot ulceration were assessed by logistic regression.

RESULTS

We studied 326 patients with diabetes and CKD (mean age 64 years; 61% male; 78% type 2 diabetes; 11% prevalent foot ulceration). Compared with no dialysis patients, dialysis patients had a higher prevalence of DPN (79 vs. 65%), PAD (64 vs. 43%), prior amputations (15 vs. 6.4%), prior foot ulceration (32 vs. 20%), and prevalent foot ulceration (21 vs. 5%, all P < 0.05). In univariate analyses, foot ulceration was related to wearing bespoke footwear (odds ratio 5.6 [95% CI 2.5–13]) dialysis treatment (5.1 [2.3–11]), prior foot ulceration (4.8 [2.3–9.8], PAD (2.8 [1.3–6.0], and years of diabetes (1.0 [1.0–1.1], all P < 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, only dialysis treatment (4.2 [1.7–10], P = 0.002) and prior foot ulceration (3.1 [1.3–7.1], P = 0.008) were associated with prevalent foot ulceration.

CONCLUSIONS

Dialysis treatment was independently associated with foot ulceration. Guidelines should highlight dialysis as an important risk factor for foot ulceration requiring intensive foot care.
Sex Steroids Affect Triglyceride Handling, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Lapauw Bruno , Ouwens Margriet , ′t Hart Leen M. , Wuyts Birgitte , Holst Jens J. , T'Sjoen Guy , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Ruige Johannes B.
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate metabolic effects of sex steroids in nonfasting and fasting conditions, independent from changes in body composition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A randomized clinical trial was performed to create contrasting sex steroid levels in healthy young men: by letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) to lower estradiol (E2) and increase testosterone (group T, n = 10) versus letrozole plus E2 patches to lower T and raise E2 (group E, n = 10). Mixed meals and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed before and after a 1-week treatment period.

RESULTS

Following intervention, the postprandial triglyceride response displayed a diverging response with a decline in group T and an increase in group E; the postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) response increased in group T. Insulin sensitivity increased in group T but remained unaltered in group E.

CONCLUSIONS

In healthy young men, short-term changes in sex steroids affect postprandial triglyceride and GIP response and insulin sensitivity.
Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Brazilian Neonates: A Study of Histology, KATP Channel Genes, and Proliferation of β Cells
Authors: Lovisolo Silvana M. , MendonÇa Berenice B. , Pinto Emilia M. , Manna Thais Della , Saldiva Paulo Hilário N. , Zerbini Maria Cláudia N.
Published: May 2010

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare pancreatic β-cell disease of neonates, characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion with severe persistent hypoglycemia, with regard to which many questions remain to be answered, despite the important acquisition of its molecular mechanisms in the last decade. The aim of this study was to examine pancreatic histology, β-cell proliferation (immunohistochemistry with double staining for Ki-67/insulin), and β-cell adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels genes from 11 Brazilian patients with severe medically unresponsive CHI who underwent pancreatectomy. Pancreatic histology and β-cell proliferation in CHI patients were compared to pancreatic samples from 19 age-matched controls. Ten cases were classified as diffuse form (D-CHI) and 1 as focal form (F-CHI). β-cell nucleomegaly and abundant cytoplasm were absent in controls and were observed only in D-CHI patients. The Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67-LI) was used to differentiate the adenomatous areas of the F-CHI case (10.15%) from the “loose cluster of islets” found in 2 D-CHI samples (2.29% and 2.43%) and 1 control (1.54%) sample. The Ki-67-LI was higher in the F-CHI adenomatous areas, but D-CHI patients also had significantly greater Ki-67-LI (mean value = 2.41%) than age-matched controls (mean value = 1.87%) ( P = 0.009). In this 1st genetic study of CHI patients in Brazil, no mutations or new polymorphisms were found in the 33–37 exons of the ABCC8 gene (SUR1) or in the entire exon of the KCNJ11 gene (Kir 6.2) in 4 of 4 patients evaluated. On the other hand, enhanced β-cell proliferation seems to be a constant feature in CHI patients, both in diffuse and focal forms.
Single Umbilical Artery and Associated Malformations in over 5500 Autopsies: Relevance for Perinatal Management
Authors: Rittler Monica , Mazzitelli Nancy , Fuksman Rosa , de Rosa Laura García , Grandi Carlos
Published: May 2010

With a birth prevalence rate of about 1%, single umbilical artery (SUA) is the most frequent of all congenital anomalies. It is recognizably associated with a variety of birth defects, but disagreement exists as to whether a SUA can predict an adverse perinatal outcome; disagreement also exists related to if, when present, other birth defects should be ruled out. The aims of the study were to estimate the association between SUA and other birth defects in a series of perinatal autopsies, to establish if preferential associations between SUA and certain birth defects exist, and to quantify the risks for other birth defects when a SUA is diagnosed. In a series of 5539 perinatal autopsies conducted at the Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá and the Private Laboratory of Perinatal Pathology, Buenos Aires, Argentina, the rate of each malformation (grouped by organ/system) associated with SUA and the risks of associated malformations were estimated. In this series of autopsies, the rate of SUA showed a 10-fold increase when other malformations were present. The risk for other malformations increased significantly, by a 3-fold to 9-fold measure, when a SUA was present. Urinary and gut anomalies showed a preferential association with SUA. The absence of other birth defects lowered the risk of chromosome anomalies associated with SUA in 56% (odds ratio = 0.44). These results, obtained from a series of perinatal autopsies, are in agreement with most observations found in the literature, namely, high association rates between SUA and urinary and cardiovascular anomalies as well as a low risk for chromosome anomalies in SUA cases without other malformations.
Are Students of Color More Likely to Graduate From College if They Attend More Selective Institutions?
Authors: Melguizo Tatiana
Published: May 2010

The study takes advantage of the nontraditional selection process of the Gates Millennium Scholars (GMS) program to test the association between selectivity of 4-year institution attended as well as other noncognitive variables on the college completion rates of a sample of students of color. The results of logistic regression and propensity score matching suggest these students are slightly more likely to graduate from college if they attend a highly selective institution. There is also evidence that other noncognitive variables such as leadership are good predictors of college completion. This suggests that admission offices interested in attracting a more diverse student body might want to consider expanding the traditional admission criteria.
Measurement of response of pulmonal tumors in 64-slice MDCT
Authors: Sohns Christian , Mangelsdorf Johanna , Sossalla Samuel , Konietschke Frank , Obenauer Silvia
Published: May 2010

Background: Advances in CT technology from single to multi-detector row CT (MDCT) permit a high resolution and volumetric presentation of pulmonary lesions. This implicates emerging measurement techniques that need to be contrasted with established methods.

Purpose: To compare bidimensional, unidimensional, and volumetric methods for evaluation of treatment response in patients with lung lesions.

Material and Methods: This study comprised 68 patients with pulmonary lesions who underwent a total of 276 64-MDCTs of chest at baseline and follow-up. RECIST and WHO criteria were used for unidimensional and bidimensional methods and region growing (RG) for volumetry. Patients were classified into four response categories. Respectively, two measurement techniques were contrasted and the κ index was calculated. For intra-observer reproducibility the relative measurement error (RME) and κ index with regard to agreement of response categories were evaluated.

Results: Comparison of WHO und RECIST criteria achieves high correlation with κ indices of 0.76 and 0.82. In particular, lesions with moderate increase of size in the range of 25–44% for bidimensional and 12–29% for unidimensional measurement result in different response categories when applying WHO and RECIST criteria. WHO criteria delivered PD more often than RECIST. κ indices of 0.79 and 0.87 were attained in comparison of RECIST and RG, and 0.83 and 0.84 for WHO and RG. RME was 2.82% for RECIST, 7.53% for WHO, and 8.97% for RG. Intra-observer reproducibility was 95% for RECIST, 95% for WHO, and 96% for RG.

Conclusion: The comparison of all methods resulted in no statistically significant differences. WHO criteria seemed to diverge the most, they declared several lesions prematurely as progression, and showed no benefit in comparison to RECIST. RG showed the best reproducibility, considered irregular lesions, was slightly superior to RECIST, and could be applied uniformly. Unidimensional measurement represents an adequate alternative with the advantage of better clinical work flow.
Mammographic findings of women recalled for diagnostic work-up in digital versus screen-film mammography in a population-based screening program
Authors: Lipasti Seppo , Anttila Ahti , Pamilo Martti
Published: May 2010

Background: Limited information is available concerning differences in the radiological findings of women recalled for diagnostic work-up in digital mammography (DM) versus screen-film mammography (SFM) screening.

Purpose: To compare the radiological findings, their positive predictive values (PPVs) for cancer and other process indicators of DM screening performed by computed radiography (CR) technology and SFM screening in a population-based program.

Material and Methods: The material consisted of women, 50–59 years of age, who were invited for screening: 30 153 women with DM in 2007–2008 and 32 939 women with SFM in 1999–2000. The attendance rate was 77.7% (23 440) in the DM arm and 83.8% (27 593) in the SFM arm. In the DM arm, 1.71% of those screened (401) and in the SFM arm 1.59% (438) were recalled for further work-up. The images resulting in the recall were classified as: 1) tumor-like mass, 2) parenchymal distortion/asymmetry, 3) calcifications, and 4) combination of mass and calcifications. The distributions of the various radiological findings and their PPVs for cancer were compared in both study groups. The recall rates, cancer detection rates, test specificities, and PPVs of the DM and SFM groups were also compared.

Results: Women were recalled for diagnostic work-up most often due to tumor-like mass. It was more common in SFM (1.08% per woman screened) than in DM (0.93%). The second most common finding was parenchymal distortion and asymmetry, more often in DM (0.58%) than in SFM (0.37%). Calcifications were the third most common finding. DM exposed calcifications more often (0.49%) than SFM (0.26%). The PPVs for cancer of the recalls were higher in DM than in SFM in all subgroups of radiological findings. The test specificities were similar (DM 98.9%, SFM 98.8%). Significantly more cancers were detected by DM (cancer detection rate 0.623% per woman screened, n=146) than by SFM (cancer detection rate 0.406% per woman screened, n=112). The PPVs for cancer of all recalls for diagnostic work-up were significantly higher in DM (36%) than in SFM (26%).

Conclusion: In DM women were recalled for diagnostic work-up more often for calcifications, parenchymal distortions, and asymmetries than in SFM. In the case of tumor-like masses, more women were recalled in SFM. DM detected more cancers than SFM, and the PPVs for cancer were higher in DM than in SFM in all subgroups of radiological findings.
Dual-energy digital radiography for the assessment of bone mineral density
Authors: Tahvanainen Päivi S. , Lammentausta Eveliina , Pulkkinen Pasi , Tervonen Osmo , Jämsä Timo , Nieminen Miika T.
Published: May 2010

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is usually determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Digital radiography (DR) has enabled the application of dual-energy techniques for separating bone and soft tissue, but it is not clear yet whether BMD information can reliably be obtained using DR.

Purpose: To determine the ability of dual-energy digital radiography (DEDR) to predict BMD as determined by DXA.

Material and Methods: Reindeer femora ( n=15) were imaged in a water bath at a typical clinical imaging voltage of 79 kVp and additionally at 100 kVp on a DR system. BMD was determined in four segmented regions (femoral neck, trochanter, inter-trochanter, Ward's triangle) from these images using the DXA calculation principle. BMD results as determined by DEDR were compared with BMD values as determined by DXA.

Results: Significant moderate to high linear correlations (0.66–0.76) were observed at the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter between BMD values as determined by the two techniques. The coefficient of variation (CVRMS) ranged between 2.2 and 4.7% and 0.2 and 1.8% for DEDR and DXA analyses, respectively.

Conclusion: DXA-based BMD information can be obtained with moderate precision and accuracy using DEDR. In future, combining BMD measurements using DEDR with structural and geometrical information available on digital radiographs could enable a more comprehensive assessment of bone.
Comparison of two software versions of a commercially available computer-aided detection (CAD) system for detecting breast cancer
Authors: Kim Seung Ja , Moon Woo Kyung , Kim Soo-Yeon , Chang Jung Min , Kim Sun Mi , Cho Nariya
Published: May 2010

Background: The performance of the computer-aided detection (CAD) system can be determined by the sensitivity and false-positive marks rate, therefore these factors should be improved by upgrading the software version of the CAD system.

Purpose: To compare retrospectively the performances of two software versions of a commercially available CAD system when applied to full-field digital mammograms for the detection of breast cancers in a screening group.

Material and Methods: Versions 3.1 and 8.3 of a CAD software system (ImageChecker, R2 Technology) were applied to the full-field digital mammograms of 130 women (age range 36–80, mean age 53 years) with 130 breast cancers detected by screening.

Results: The overall sensitivities of the version 3.1 and 8.3 CAD systems were 92.3% (120 of 130) and 96.2% (125 of 130) ( P=0.025), respectively, and sensitivities for masses were 78.3% (36 of 46) and 89.1% (41 of 46) ( P=0.024) and for microcalcifications 100% (84 of 84) and 100% (84 of 84), respectively. Version 8.3 correctly marked five lesions of invasive ductal carcinoma that were missed by version 3.1. Average numbers of false-positive marks per image were 0.38 (0.15 for calcifications, 0.23 for masses) for version 3.1 and 0.46 (0.13 for calcifications, 0.33 for masses) for version 8.3 ( P=0.1420).

Conclusion: The newer version 8.3 of the CAD system showed better overall sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer than version 3.1 due to its improved sensitivity for masses when applied to full-field digital mammograms.
Left sided Superior Vena cava: (A case report and review of literature)
Authors: Sharma Om Prakash , Shanmugam Senthil
Published: May 2010

A male child aged about one and half year old was referred to the department of Radio diagnosis for CT vena cavography after he was examined on 2 Dimensional echocardiography which revealed the diagnosis of Fallot's tetralogy. On CT scan besides the confirmation of presence of Tetralogy, there was an abnormal finding of left sided superior vena cava, an uncommon association. A male child aged about one and half year old was referred to the department of Radio diagnosis for CT vena cavography after he was examined on 2- dimensional echocardiography which revealed the diagnosis of Fallot's tetralogy. On CT scan besides the confirmation of presence of Tetralogy, there was an abnormal finding of left sided superior vena cava, an uncommon association.Keywords: Persistent left superior vena cava; 64 slice CT; developmental malformation DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2508Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.18-19
Photovoice and Its Potential Use In Nutrition and Dietetic Research
Authors: Martin Noelle , Garcia Alicia C. , Leipert Beverly
Published: May 2010

Photovoice is an innovative qualitative method of participatory action research based on health promotion principles; however, it has not been used to its full potential in health care, particularly in nutrition and dietetics. Photovoice is also based upon the theoretical literature on education for critical consciousness, feminist theory, and community-based approaches to documentary photography. Participants take photographs representing their views on a specific topic and discuss them in a group process of critical reflection. Originally designed for research with rural women, Photovoice has been used with a variety of population groups throughout the lifespan, such as adolescents, nurses and nursing students, professional groups, Aboriginal women, the elderly, immigrant and low-income groups, and patients with a variety of diseases. The use of Photovoice as a research method is not restricted by health conditions, financial situation, employment status, or literacy level. It is used in community settings, professional practice, or institutional learning environments to explore participants’ views and opinions. We review studies in which Photovoice has been used, as well as the impacts, advantages, limitations, and ethics of its use. Gaps in knowledge and its potential use in nutrition and dietetic research are identified.
Genetic Diversity of the Pm3 Powdery Mildew Resistance Alleles in Wheat Gene Bank Accessions as Assessed by Molecular Markers
Authors: Bhullar Navreet K. , Mackay Michael , Keller Beat
Published: May 2010

Genetic resources of crop plants are essential for crop breeding. They are conserved in gene banks in form of a large numbers of accessions. These accessions harbor allelic variants of agronomically important genes and molecular tools allow a rapid assessment of this allelic diversity. Here, we have screened a collection of 1005 wheat gene bank accessions for powdery mildew resistance and a molecular characterization for functional alleles at the wheat powdery mildew resistance locus Pm3 was carried out mostly on the resistant accessions. The two analyzed sets of accessions consisted of 733 accessions originating from 20 different countries and 272 landraces originating specifically from Afghanistan. The Pm3 haplotype (indicating the presence of a Pm3-type of gene, susceptible or resistant) was found to be abundantly present in both sets. The accessions with a Pm3 haplotype were further screened for the presence of the functional Pm3a to Pm3g alleles using allele-specific molecular markers. Pm3b and Pm3c were the most frequently found alleles while the other five alleles were detected only in few accessions (Pm3d, Pm3e, Pm3f) or not detected at all (Pm3a, Pm3g). The data further showed that Pm3b is the major source of Pm3-mediated powdery mildew resistance in wheat accessions from Afghanistan. Susceptible allelic variants of Pm3 were found to be widespread in the wheat gene pool. The presented molecular analysis of Pm3 alleles in a diverse set of wheat accessions indicates that several alleles have defined geographical origins. Possibly, the widespread Pm3b and Pm3c alleles evolved relatively early in wheat cultivation, allowing their subsequent diffusion into a broad set of wheat lines.
The Geography of Diabetes in London, Canada: The Need for Local Level Policy for Prevention and Management
Authors: Tompkins Jordan W. , Luginaah Isaac N. , Booth Gillian L. , Harris Stewart B.
Published: May 2010

Recent reports aimed at improving diabetes care in socially disadvantaged populations suggest that interventions must be tailored to meet the unique needs of the local community—specifically, the community’s geography. We have examined the spatial distribution of diabetes in the context of socioeconomic determinants of health in London (Ontario, Canada) to characterize neighbourhoods in an effort to target these neighbourhoods for local level community-based program planning and intervention. Multivariate spatial-statistical techniques and geographic information systems were used to examine diabetes rates and socioeconomic variables aggregated at the census tract level. Creation of a deprivation index facilitated investigation across multiple determinants of health. Findings from our research identified ‘at risk’ neighbourhoods in London with socioeconomic disadvantage and high diabetes. Future endeavours must continue to identify local level trends in order to support policy development, resource planning and care for improved health outcomes and improved equity in access to care across geographic regions.
Low Light CMOS Contact Imager with an Integrated Poly-Acrylic Emission Filter for Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Dattner Yonathan , Yadid-Pecht Orly
Published: May 2010

This study presents the fabrication of a low cost poly-acrylic acid (PAA) based emission filter integrated with a low light CMOS contact imager for fluorescence detection. The process involves the use of PAA as an adhesive for the emission filter. The poly-acrylic solution was chosen due its optical transparent properties, adhesive properties, miscibility with polar protic solvents and most importantly its bio-compatibility with a biological environment. The emission filter, also known as an absorption filter, involves dissolving an absorbing specimen in a polar protic solvent and mixing it with the PAA to uniformly bond the absorbing specimen and harden the filter. The PAA is optically transparent in solid form and therefore does not contribute to the absorbance of light in the visible spectrum. Many combinations of absorbing specimen and polar protic solvents can be derived, yielding different filter characteristics in different parts of the spectrum. We report a specific combination as a first example of implementation of our technology. The filter reported has excitation in the green spectrum and emission in the red spectrum, utilizing the increased quantum efficiency of the photo sensitive sensor array. The thickness of the filter (20 μm) was chosen by calculating the desired SNR using Beer-Lambert’s law for liquids, Quantum Yield of the fluorophore and the Quantum Efficiency of the sensor array. The filters promising characteristics make it suitable for low light fluorescence detection. The filter was integrated with a fully functional low noise, low light CMOS contact imager and experimental results using fluorescence polystyrene micro-spheres are presented.
Sensors: New Challenges in Spain
Authors: Pajares Gonzalo
Published: May 2010

The main goal of this special issue was to explore sensor technology and its applications in Spain. It is well-known that a reciprocal interrelation exists between sensor technology and the demand for solutions to different problems. Indeed, when a new sensor is developed, it offers a solution to a problem, but also if a problem requires a solution perhaps new sensors or technologies based on existing sensors could be developed. [...]
Anion receptors containing thiazine-1,1-dioxide heterocycles as hydrogen bond donors
Authors: Wang Hong-Bo , Wisner James A , Jennings Michael C
Published: May 2010

The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures and anion recognition properties of two receptors containing thiazine-1,1-dioxide heterocycles as hydrogen bond donating subunits are reported. The newly synthesized receptors display much different anion selectivities in acetone-d6thanN,N′-diphenyl-1,3-disulfonamidobenzene that was used as a comparison. The selectivity exhibited by one of the new receptors for chloride anions can be attributed to greater steric demand in the cleft formed, in part, by its terminal phenyl rings; an effect that is absent in the comparison receptor.
Éditorial
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: May 2010

Exposant le propos de ce numéro, l’auteur illustre quelques moments de la théorie de Freud et de celle de Lacan concernant la construction inconsciente du corps. Les cliniques de l’hystérie et de l’hypochondrie servent d’illustration. Le corps pour la psychanalyse ne se laisse pas réduire à sa signification anthropologique (le corps comme toposde marques culturelles), psychologique (le corps comme appareil adaptable) ou biologique. D’où l’originalité d’une théorie des pulsions et du sexuel qui ne se laisse pas réduire aux sciences naturelles et qui éclaire une définition de l’humain fait non d’un corps et d’une âme mais d’un corps et d’un désir.
Le corps aux limites de la pensée
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: May 2010

Que veut le corps ? Que me veut-il ? Que veulent les médecins ? Autant de questions qui se rapportent à l’énigme et qui relancent l’énigme à l’instar de la fameuse question freudienne : Was will das Weib? Que veut la femme? Ces questions sont aussi l’effet de l’incertitude quant au sens du désir de l’autre qui se trouve être tantôt le médecin, tantôt le parent, tantôt l’un et l’autre. Quand le corps est aux limites de la pensée, l’espace psychique est envahi et le sentiment d’identité mis en péril. Quelques exemples issus de la pratique de la cure illustrent cette situation à l’appui de lectures et de références à la psychanalyse.
Esquisse de quelques éléments fondamentaux entre psychanalyse et médecine
Authors: Guilyardi Houchang
Published: May 2010

Médecine et psychanalyse entretiennent des rapports étroits et conflictuels. La médecine intervient principalement dans le réel et l’imaginaire et la psychanalyse dans le symbolique. Les questions de la causalité, du symptôme et de l’effacement de la castration signent quelques-uns des désaccords. Ils devront être dépassés.
La fabrication du corps, un pluriel singulier
Authors: Lazali Karima
Published: May 2010

Le texte Histoire de l’œil de George Bataille est orienté par le projet d’extraire dans un arrêt sur image l’insaisissable du corps. Pour cela, l’auteur a recours à une destruction organisée de l’unité corporelle. Le statut du corps dans ce texte est utilisé pour illustrer qu’il n’y a de corps, qu’à partir d’un certain renoncement à la « chair », soit à l’en-corps. En cela le registre de la perversion est un modèle paradigmatique pour penser cette fabrication et ses éventuels ratages. À ce propos, les cures analytiques des enfants sont d’un apport fondamental quant au trajet effectué pour accéder à la position d’avoir un corps.
La subjectivité maternelle et la reconnaissance – une autre approche
Authors: Oliveira Szpacenkopf Maria Izabel
Published: May 2010

À partir de l’étude et de la compréhension des formes de subjectivation dans le monde actuel, on propose la reconnaissance en tant que stratégie symbolique. Pour le faire, on va se référer au travail de la psychanalyste américaine Jessica Benjamin, qui soutient que l’un des points-clé de la théorie intersubjective est l’importance de la reconnaissance de la figure maternelle en tant que sujet, et pas seulement comme un des angles du triangle œdipien. Cette approche permet une réflexion non seulement sur la clinique, mais aussi sur le plan social, permettant de réévaluer des aspects de la sexualité, genre, désir, domination, pouvoir et reconnaissance.
D'un aucun autre endroit
Authors: de Rivoyre Frédéric
Published: May 2010

Cette réflexion explore le champ sémantique et les implications cliniques de la notion de « l’ailleurs ». « Construire l’ailleurs » y apparaît comme une version de l’élaboration de la métaphore du Nom-du-père, acte auquel est convié le psychanalyste qui s’aventure dans le champ de la psychose infantile.
L'enfant objet de soin. De quelle guérison s'agit-il ?
Authors: Mathelin Catherine
Published: May 2010

Aujourd’hui, les progrès de la médecine amènent de plus en plus souvent les enfants à naître dans des conditions particulières. Quelquefois même « hors sexe et hors filiation ». Quel rôle peut-être celui du psychanalyste, dans des services de médecine de pointe, PMA ou grande prématurité ? Comment parler de guérison dans ce domaine et si oui, de quelle guérison s’agit-il ?
Le monde de l'autiste, son corps et ses relations avec l'autre.
Authors: Gadeva Dessislava
Published: May 2010

L’auteur fait le compte-rendu de la longue cure d’un enfant autiste, où les comportements psycho-moteurs de l’enfant ont pu être déchiffrés à la lumière des signifiants-clés du discours de chacun des parents et du transfert de l’analyste lui-même, s’exprimant à travers certains rêves qui ont constitué des moments déterminants de la cure.
Réminiscences du professeur Sigmund Freud
Authors: Graf Max
Published: May 2010

Max Graf, musicologue viennois et père du « petit Hans », rappelle ses souvenirs de Freud et des premiers temps de la psychanalyse. Il a fait partie des premiers disciples et rend hommage à la façon dont Freud a défriché de nouveaux continents et fait face aux critiques et railleries, à son esprit brillant et à sa vaste culture.
Du bon usage de l'objet chez Winnicott
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: May 2010

Les observations cliniques de Winnicott, écrites en 1941, sur le rapport de l’enfant à l’objet font apparaître chez l’enfant le passage d’une pulsion de destruction de l’objet fantasmé à l’appropriation de l’objet réel, condition d’accès à son autonomie de sujet, tout comme le relevait déjà Freud, à propos du Fort-Da . Dans son dernier texte, en 1968, Winnicott prolonge sa recherche en rapprochant la situation de l’enfant et celle de l’analysant dans le rapport à l’objet : l’analyste doit accepter d’être « utilisé » pour que son patient puisse accéder à sa propre subjectivité et s’approprier son histoire.
Attention ! L'objet d'amour est... un sujet
Authors: Pommier Gérard
Published: May 2010

Il s’agit d’éclaircir le statut de l’amour, qui ne se réduit nullement à une relation imaginaire ou narcissique. Dès la naissance, le corps est soumis à une objectivation par la demande maternelle. C’est contre cette objectivation que le sujet lutte grâce à des métamorphoses successives. Il s’identifie d’abord aux objets qu’il aime, mais en courant le risque constant de disparaître dans cette opération. Il n’échappe à ce danger, qui le guettera tout au long de son existence, que grâce à ce mode de subjectivation particulière qu’est l’amour, en ce sens seul destin subjectivé de la pulsion qui assure sa permanence au refoulement. Ce sont ensuite les risques de l’amour et la relation au manque qu’il engendre qui suscitent de nouveaux problèmes.
L'entame sur le corps
Authors: Lehmann Andrée
Published: May 2010

Traitement psychanalytique d’un épisode confusionnel survenu à la suite d’une intervention chirurgicale mutilante. Les réactions violentes de la patiente plongent l’équipe soignante dans le désarroi. L’intervention décalée de l’analyste dans le transfert entraîne simultanément un apaisement et une prise de parole. Ensuite, son écoute permettra un véritable travail psychique. Pour l’analyste, c’est seulement dans l’après-coup – et au prix pour lui aussi d’un véritable travail psychique – que pourra se produire l’élaboration clinico-théorique du cas, ainsi que son écriture.
Le tragique contemporain : quelques réflexions sur le sujet, le désir et la fin de l'analyse
Authors: Perelson Simone
Published: May 2010

À partir des commentaires de Lacan, de Philippe Julien et de Slavoj Zizek sur la pièce L’otage de Paul Claudel, l’auteur cherche à distinguer le sens du tragique antique de celui du tragique moderne et à les articuler aux deux conceptions de la fin de l’analyse, à savoir comme geste de subjectivation ou bien de destitution subjective.
Lacan et Mai 68
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: May 2010

Jacques Lacan a suivi de très près tout ce qui a éclaté au printemps 68, partagé entre une curiosité sympathisante et une irritation devant les aspirations maoïstes. Avec quelques mois de recul, il fait un bilan plus mitigé et sévère, voyant moins dans ce mouvement un « événement » qu’un « émoi », une forme de désarroi qui a abouti au triomphe de dérives idéologiques et du discours universitaire, où la vanité, selon lui, l’emporte sur la vérité.
Les lignes directrices de la pensée navale au XX e siècle
Authors: Coutau-Bégarie Hervé
Published: May 2010

Les lignes directrices de la pensée navale au XXe siècle L’histoire de la pensée navale connaît, depuis quelques années, un réel développement mais elle est encore insuffisamment prise en compte par l’histoire navale générale. Les livres de stratégie et de tactique navales ont facilité, parfois suscité l’évolution des doctrines. Leur connaissance est indispensable à une histoire navale totale.