bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPLIANCE: PREVENÇÃO AO CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO NAS INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS
Authors: Linhares Sólon Cícero , De Oliveira Talita Rebecca Santos Corrêa
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem por objeto identificar a ferramenta compliance como meio de prevenção ao crime de lavagem de dinheiro nas instituições financeiras, apresentando os mecanismos necessários para coibir essa prática. É inegável que haja apreensão global para com esse crime, dado os malefícios causados e a preocupação em saber que as instituições financeiras são utilizadas como parte do processo de lavagem de dinheiro. Com o intuito de coibir essa prática deplorável, as instituições financeiras devem seguir as recomendações internacionais e nacionais que discorrem a respeito da ferramenta compliance. Com base em toda a trajetória bibliográfica da pesquisa é de se verificar que os recursos advindos do compliance apresentam grande destaque na enfrentamento da lavagem de dinheiro nas instituições financeiras.
LIBERDADE, IGUALDADE E A QUALIDADE DA DEMOCRACIA: COTEJO ENTRE O EIU’s INDEX E O IDH
Authors: Corralo Giovani Da Silva
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a democracia, especialmente os seus pilares fundamentais: a liberdade e a igualdade.  Busca-se superar as concepções formais de democracia para adentrar na sua análise qualitativa.  Longe de se buscar qualquer pureza metodológica, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo na elaboração desta pesquisa científica.  Para tanto, analisa-se a evolução da democracia, seus primórdios na antiguidade, seu desenvolvimento na modernidade e a sua conformação na pós-modernidade.  Em sequência perpassa-se a qualidade da democracia, a fim de superar o formalismo.  Por fim, faz-se um cotejo entre o Índice de Democracia do Economist Intelligence Unit e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento, com o fim de demonstrar a relação direta entre a liberdade e a igualdade enquanto elementos essenciais para a existência de uma democracia.
IMUNIDADE TRIBUTÁRIA E O PRINCÍPIO DA SEGURANÇA JURÍDICA
Authors: Ribeiro Maria de Fátima , Silva Tiago Nunes da
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem como escopo discutir questões concernentes à aplicabilidade da imunidade tributária, destacando a relevância do princípio da segurança jurídica que surge como instrumento de controle não só nas relações jurídicas no âmbito tributário, podendo por assim dizer, que o referido princípio constitui-se como elemento primordial para toda relação na ordem jurídica prevista hodiernamente.
A EXECUÇÃO PROVISÓRIA DA PENA E OS DIREITOS E GARANTIAS FUNDAMENTAIS: UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DO GARANTISMO PENAL E DO ESTADO SOCIAL E DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: De Aguiar Julio Cesar , Paulino Galtiênio Da Cruz
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo pretende discutir a relação entre a execução provisória de uma sentença penal e os direitos fundamentais e garantias. Será demonstrado que tal execução não viola o princípio da presunção de inocência, uma vez que examina cada caso de acordo com o garantismo penal e no âmbito do Estado social e democrático de direito. O artigo também discute a necessidade de interpretar os direitos fundamentais e garantias de acordo com os princípios da proporcionalidade e da proteção, bem como as diretivas internacionais de criminalização e a necessidade de respeitar e garantir os direitos da sociedade em equilíbrio com os direitos individuais dos réus.
A Model of a Wireless Factory Work-Cell Using the Systems Modeling Language
Authors: Candell Richard
Published: October 2018

Wireless technology is a key enabler of the vision of the future factory work-cell. Such a work-cell will operate autonomously with a high degree of mobility enabled by wireless technology. This paper describes the work-cell using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Using SysML the structural and parametric characteristics of the work-cell are described. Our model provides the architectural components and performance constraints of the work-cell in which wireless is used for a significant portion of connectivity. It identifies the structural components, interfaces, and data flows. Parametric characteristics that impact work-cell performance are included in the model. Using this model, industrial wireless networking requirements and work-cell behaviors may be developed and performance limits may be evaluated. The SysML model presented here is developed using MagicDraw 18.5 by No Magic.
Erysipelas or cellulitis with a prosthetic joint in situ
Authors: Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Lora-Tamayo Jaime , Senneville Eric , Scarbourough Matthew , Ferry Tristan , Uçkay Ilker , Salles Mauro J , O'Connell Karina , Iribarren Josean A , Vigante Dace , Trebse Rihard , Arvieux Cedric , Soriano Alex , Ariza Javier
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We describe a case of a 60-year old male who developed an acute prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee, secondary to erysipelas of the lower leg due to beta-hemolytic Group G streptococci. As it is unknown how often this phenomenon occurs in patients with prosthetic implants and which patients are most prone to develop this complication, we analyzed: i) the incidence of the development of a PJI in these patients and ii) the clinical characteristics of streptococcal PJI during an episode of erysipelas/cellulitis. Based on a retrospective analysis of patients with a prosthetic implant in situ presenting at the emergency department with erysipelas/cellulitis, 1 out of 10 patients developed a PJI. An additional analysis within a multicenter cohort on streptococcal PJI demonstrated in 22 patients that a secondary PJI due to erysipelas/cellulitis mostly develops in young implants (<5 years old). In 20 cases (91%), the skin infection was in the same limb as the joint prosthesis suggesting contiguous spread of bacteria. These data emphasizes the importance of preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of skin infections in patients with prosthetic implants, and if an erysipelas or cellulitis does occur, to monitor patients carefully.
A Case Of Recurrent Helicobacter cinaedi Prosthetic Joint Infection In An HIV-Infected Man
Authors: Kedra Joanna , Zeller Valérie , Heym Beate , Lehours Philippe , Meyssonnier Vanina , Lariven Sylvie , Bruhl-Bénéjat Lucie , Marmor Simon , Ziza Jean-Marc
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We describe the case of an HIV-infected man who developed twice a Helicobacter cinaedi prosthetic joint infection. In our knowledge, it is the first case to date. Furthermore, it illustrates the fact that this bacterium is difficult to isolate and that recurrences can occur even after apparently successful treatment.
Inferential statistics as descriptive statistics: there is no replication crisis if we don't expect replication
Authors: Amrhein Valentin , Trafimow David , Greenland Sander
Published: October 2018

Statistical inference often fails to replicate. One reason is that many results may be selected for drawing inference because some threshold of a statistic like the P-value was crossed, leading to biased reported effect sizes. Nonetheless, considerable non-replication is to be expected even without selective reporting, and generalizations from single studies are rarely if ever warranted. Honestly reported results must vary from replication to replication because of varying assumption violations and random variation; excessive agreement itself would suggest deeper problems, such as failure to publish results in conflict with group expectations or desires. A general perception of a "replication crisis" may thus reflect failure to recognize that statistical tests not only test hypotheses, but countless assumptions and the entire environment in which research takes place. Because of all the uncertain and unknown assumptions that underpin statistical inferences, we should treat inferential statistics as highly unstable local descriptions of relations between assumptions and data, rather than as generalizable inferences about hypotheses or models. And that means we should treat statistical results as being much more incomplete and uncertain than is currently the norm. Acknowledging this uncertainty could help reduce the allure of selective reporting: Since a small P-value could be large in a replication study, and a large P-value could be small, there is simply no need to selectively report studies based on statistical results. Rather than focusing our study reports on uncertain conclusions, we should thus focus on describing accurately how the study was conducted, what problems occurred, what data were obtained, what analysis methods were used and why, and what output those methods produced.
Important but not a priority? Conservation concerns and priorities for the Philippine bats in the Anthropocene
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler C , Hughes Alice C
Published: October 2018

Anthropogenic environmental changes coupled with rapid population growth are altering the Earth’s biota at an unprecedented rate, posing an alarming threat to the long-term persistence of many species of both animals and plants. The Philippine archipelago includes over 7000 islands, and of its diverse mammalian biota bats make up a significant proportion, and fulfil vital roles to maintain ecosystem health. Given the high species richness, endemism, vulnerability, and disparity in efforts, the Philippines is a conservation priority for bats. In this study, we aim to determine the vulnerability of Philippine bat species from different threats in order to establish effective conservation decision making and prioritisation in the future. Habitat loss and direct human-driven factors (e.g., hunting) are the main threats to more than half of Philippine bat species. We found that body size and number of threats are important correlates of species vulnerability. While there is no correlation in neither threat levels nor body size with research effort and allocation. We suggest that priorities should consider multiple facets of knowledge gaps, levels of threats and species vulnerability for effective conservation. Carefully looking at the emerging threats, increasing conservation education, and forging equitable partnerships and capacity building to bolster bat conservation in the Philippines.
Remaining gaps in open source software for Big Spatial Data
Authors: de Sousa Luís Moreira
Published: October 2018

The volume and coverage of spatial data has increased dramatically in recent years, with Earth observation programmes producing dozens of GB of data on a daily basis. The term Big Spatial Data is now applied to data sets that impose real challenges to researchers and practitioners alike. As rule, these data are provided in highly irregular geodesic grids, defined along equal intervals of latitude and longitude, a vastly inefficient and burdensome topology. Compounding the problem, users of such data end up taking geodesic coordinates in these grids as a Cartesian system, implicitly applying Marinus of Tyre's projection.

A first approach towards the compactness of global geo-spatial data is to work in a Cartesian system produced by an equal-area projection. There are a good number to choose from, but those supported by common GIS software invariably relate to the sinusoidal or pseudo-cylindrical families, that impose important distortions of shape and distance. The land masses of Antarctica, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Russia are particularly distorted with such projections. A more effective approach is to store and work with data in modern cartographic projections, in particular those defined with the Platonic and Archimedean solids. In spite of various attempts at open source software supporting these projections, in practice they remain today largely out of reach to GIS practitioners. This communication reviews persisting difficulties in working with global big spatial data, current strategies to address such difficulties, the compromises they impose and the remaining gaps in open source software.
Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor
Authors: Preller Katrin H , Burt Joshua B , Ji Jie Lisa , Schleifer Charles H , Adkinson Brendan D , Stämpfli Philipp , Seifritz Erich , Repovs Grega , Krystal John H , Murray John D , Vollenweider Franz X , Anticevic Alan
Published: October 2018

Background:

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has agonist activity at various serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine receptors. Despite the therapeutic and scientific interest in LSD, specific receptor contributions to its neurobiological effects remain unknown.

Methods:

We therefore conducted a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over studyduring which 24 healthy human participants received either (i) placebo+placebo, (ii) placebo+LSD (100 µg po), or (iii) Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist,+LSD. We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via a data-driven global brain connectivity method and compared it to cortical gene expression maps.

Results:

LSD reduced associative, but concurrently increased sensory-somatomotor brain-wide and thalamic connectivity. Ketanserin fully blocked the subjective and neural LSD effects. Whole-brain spatial patterns of LSD effects matched 5-HT2A receptor cortical gene expression in humans.

Conclusions:

Together, these results strongly implicate the 5-HT2A receptor in LSD’s neuropharmacology. This study therefore pinpoints the critical role of 5-HT2A in LSD’s mechanism, which informs its neurobiology and guides rational development of psychedelic-based therapeutics.

Funding:

Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation, the Usona Institute, the NIH, the NIAA, the NARSAD Independent Investigator Grant, the Yale CTSA grant, and the Slovenian Research Agency.

Clinical trial number:

NCT02451072.
Functional trade-offs and environmental variation shaped ancient trajectories in the evolution of dim-light vision
Authors: Castiglione Gianni M , Chang Belinda SW
Published: October 2018

Trade-offs between protein stability and activity can restrict access to evolutionary trajectories, but widespread epistasis may facilitate indirect routes to adaptation. This may be enhanced by natural environmental variation, but in multicellular organisms this process is poorly understood. We investigated a paradoxical trajectory taken during the evolution of tetrapod dim-light vision, where in the rod visual pigment rhodopsin, E122 was fixed 350 million years ago, a residue associated with increased active-state (MII) stability but greatly diminished rod photosensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that high MII stability could have likely evolved without E122, but instead, selection appears to have entrenched E122 in tetrapods via epistatic interactions with nearby coevolving sites. In fishes by contrast, selection may have exploited these epistatic effects to explore alternative trajectories, but via indirect routes with low MII stability. Our results suggest that within tetrapods, E122 and high MII stability cannot be sacrificed—not even for improvements to rod photosensitivity.
Theta-modulation drives the emergence of connectivity patterns underlying replay in a network model of place cells
Authors: Theodoni Panagiota , Rovira Bernat , Wang Yingxue , Roxin Alex
Published: October 2018

Place cells of the rodent hippocampus fire action potentials when the animal traverses a particular spatial location in any environment. Therefore for any given trajectory one observes a repeatable sequence of place cell activations. When the animal is quiescent or sleeping, one can observe similar sequences of activation known as replay, which underlie the process of memory consolidation. However, it remains unclear how replay is generated. Here we show how a temporally asymmetric plasticity rule during spatial exploration gives rise to spontaneous replay in a model network by shaping the recurrent connectivity to reflect the topology of the learned environment. Crucially, the rate of this encoding is strongly modulated by ongoing rhythms. Oscillations in the theta range optimize learning by generating repeated pre-post pairings on a time-scale commensurate with the window for plasticity, while lower and higher frequencies generate learning rates which are lower by orders of magnitude.
Excitatory and inhibitory synapse reorganization immediately after critical sensory experience in a vocal learner
Authors: Huang Ziqiang , Khaled Houda G , Kirschmann Moritz , Gobes Sharon MH , Hahnloser Richard HR
Published: October 2018

Excitatory and inhibitory synapses are the brain’s most abundant synapse types. However, little is known about their formation during critical periods of motor skill learning, when sensory experience defines a motor target that animals strive to imitate. In songbirds, we find that exposure to tutor song leads to elimination of excitatory synapses in HVC (used here as a proper name), a key song generating brain area. A similar pruning is associated with song maturation, because juvenile birds have fewer excitatory synapses, the better their song imitations. In contrast, tutoring is associated with rapid insertion of inhibitory synapses, but the tutoring-induced structural imbalance between excitation and inhibition is eliminated during subsequent song maturation. Our work suggests that sensory exposure triggers the developmental onset of goal-specific motor circuits by increasing the relative strength of inhibition and it suggests a synapse-elimination model of song memorization.
Multiple tumor suppressors regulate a HIF-dependent negative feedback loop via ISGF3 in human clear cell renal cancer
Authors: Liao Lili , Liu Zongzhi Z , Langbein Lauren , Cai Weijia , Cho Eun-Ah , Na Jie , Niu Xiaohua , Jiang Wei , Zhong Zhijiu , Cai Wesley L , Jagannathan Geetha , Dulaimi Essel , Testa Joseph R , Uzzo Robert G , Wang Yuxin , Stark George R , Sun Jianxin , Peiper Stephen , Xu Yaomin , Yan Qin , Yang Haifeng
Published: October 2018

WhereasVHLinactivation is a primary event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the precise mechanism(s) of how this interacts with the secondary mutations in tumor suppressor genes, includingPBRM1,KDM5C/JARID1C,SETD2, and/orBAP1, remains unclear. Gene expression analyses reveal that VHL, PBRM1, or KDM5C share a common regulation of interferon response expression signature. Loss of HIF2α, PBRM1, or KDM5C inVHL-/-cells reduces the expression of interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a transcription factor that regulates the interferon signature. Moreover, loss of SETD2 or BAP1 also reduces the ISGF3 level. Finally, ISGF3 is strongly tumor-suppressive in a xenograft model as its loss significantly enhances tumor growth. Conversely, reactivation of ISGF3 retards tumor growth by PBRM1-deficient ccRCC cells. Thus afterVHLinactivation, HIF induces ISGF3, which is reversed by the loss of secondary tumor suppressors, suggesting that this is a key negative feedback loop in ccRCC.
Hair follicle epidermal stem cells define a niche for tactile sensation
Authors: Cheng Chun-Chun , Tsutsui Ko , Taguchi Toru , Sanzen Noriko , Nakagawa Asako , Kakiguchi Kisa , Yonemura Shigenobu , Tanegashima Chiharu , Keeley Sean D , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Furuta Yasuhide , Tomono Yasuko , Watt Fiona M , Fujiwara Hironobu
Published: October 2018

The heterogeneity and compartmentalization of stem cells is a common principle in many epithelia, and is known to function in epithelial maintenance, but its other physiological roles remain elusive. Here we show transcriptional and anatomical contributions of compartmentalized epidermal stem cells in tactile sensory unit formation in the mouse hair follicle. Epidermal stem cells in the follicle upper-bulge, where mechanosensory lanceolate complexes innervate, express a unique set of extracellular matrix (ECM) and neurogenesis-related genes. These epidermal stem cells deposit an ECM protein called EGFL6 into the collar matrix, a novel ECM that tightly ensheathes lanceolate complexes. EGFL6 is required for the proper patterning, touch responses, and αv integrin-enrichment of lanceolate complexes. By maintaining a quiescent original epidermal stem cell niche, the old bulge, epidermal stem cells provide anatomically stable follicle–lanceolate complex interfaces, irrespective of the stage of follicle regeneration cycle. Thus, compartmentalized epidermal stem cells provide a niche linking the hair follicle and the nervous system throughout the hair cycle.
The RNA interactome of human telomerase RNA reveals a coding-independent role for a histone mRNA in telomere homeostasis
Authors: Ivanyi-Nagy Roland , Ahmed Syed Moiz , Peter Sabrina , Ramani Priya Dharshana , Ong Peh Fern , Dreesen Oliver , Dröge Peter
Published: October 2018

Telomerase RNA (TR) provides the template for DNA repeat synthesis at telomeres and is essential for genome stability in continuously dividing cells. We mapped the RNA interactome of human TR (hTR) and identified a set of non-coding and coding hTR-interacting RNAs, including the histone 1C mRNA (HIST1H1C). Disruption of the hTR-HIST1H1C RNA association resulted in markedly increased telomere elongation without affecting telomerase enzymatic activity. Conversely, over-expression of HIST1H1C led to telomere attrition. By using a combination of mutations to disentangle the effects of histone 1 RNA synthesis, protein expression, and hTR interaction, we show that HIST1H1C RNA negatively regulates telomere length independently of its protein coding potential. Taken together, our data provide important insights into a surprisingly complex hTR-RNA interaction network and define an unexpected non-coding RNA role for HIST1H1C in regulating telomere length homeostasis, thus offering a glimpse into the mostly uncharted, vast space of non-canonical messenger RNA functions.
Myofascial release of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sucher Benjamin M.
Published: October 2018

Current treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may be ineffective or associated with complications or recurrence. In the case reported here, a myofascial release by the physician combined with the patient's self-stretch reduced pain and numbness and improved electromyographic results. The manipulative approach releases the transverse carpal ligament, and "opens"or dilates the canal. The patient stretches the wrist, digits, and thumb, including myofascial components. An aggressive, conservative approach lessens the need for surgery in mild to moderate cases. Studies with magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful to document canal size before and after treatment.
Rheumatoid arthritis, relapsing polychondritis, and pyoderma gangrenosum evolving into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Hedayati Hadi , Zuzga John J. , Faber D. Bruce
Published: October 2018

In human beings, the function of the immune system and of inflammation is to protect the individual against invading organisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi as well as thermal and mechanical injuries. The inflammatory process, initiated to destroy foreign organisms or an inappropriate immune response/target tissue, may lead to injury, the destruction of host tissue, and the development of the disease process. This article describes the history of a patient with four disorders of unknown cause, all of which may have evolved from one immunologic aberration.
Procedures to follow when dismissing an intern or resident
Authors: Baker Helen H. , Opipari Michael
Published: October 2018

Rarely, interns or residents may be unable or unwilling to perform satisfactorily in a graduate medical education program. In such instances, the director of medical education or residency director (or both) must inform the trainee of his or her deficiency and provide appropriate counseling, generally with the opportunity for remediation. If dismissal becomes necessary, due process must be followed, and the institution must keep documentation that appropriate procedures were followed These necessary procedures are outlined herein.
Hemorrhagic adrenal cyst
Authors: Cunningham Mark D.
Published: October 2018

Adrenal cysts are uncommon. They may be fatal if they hemorrhage and are not rapidly diagnosed. Most adrenal cysts are small and asymptomatic. When they are symptomatic, it is usually because the cyst has enlarged, causing flank discomfort, gastrointestinal complaints, and hemorrhage. Occasionally, a palpable mass may be found. It is thought that hemorrhage occurs secondary to trauma or some toxic or infectious process. The author describes a case in which a previously healthy man had a sudden hemorrhage within a benign adrenal cyst with infarction of the kidney. A discussion of adrenal cysts follows.
Anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation
Authors: Weiner Ronald I. , Maranhao Vladir , Levine Howard B. , Aji Janah , Blaker Alan
Published: October 2018

Five patients who underwent cardiac catheterization at three separate institutions during a period of 6 years were found to have anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation. Although it is not uncommon to detect this defect in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, it may be an unusual finding for an angiographer who works primarily with adults. This article serves as a reminder of the existence of this potentially confusing anomaly, usually associated with other congenital cardiac abnormalities.
The HIV-infected house officer: Residency training issues
Authors: Condoluci David V. , Fernandez Enrique S. , Troutman Tad H. , Herbert Barbara
Published: October 2018

Efforts to fully integrate physicians infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into residency programs have been complicated by concerns of the potential risks of viral transmission from physician to patient. Despite numerous studies, this potential risk has not been quantified. This article addresses the issue of HIV-infected interns and residents, classifying HIV as a potential disability. The suggested recommendations emphasize routine monitoring and evaluation of professional competence and compliance with proper infection control procedures, as delineated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The need for hospital-wide guidelines and adequate health and disability insurance are also discussed.
Molecular assessment ofPocillopora verrucosa(Scleractinia; Pocilloporidae) distribution along a depth gradient in Ludao, Taiwan
Authors: De Palmas Stéphane , Soto Derek , Denis Vianney , Ho Ming-Jay , Chen Chaolun Allen
Published: October 2018

It can be challenging to identify scleractinian corals from the genusPocilloporaLamarck 1816 in the field because of their large range of inter- and intra-specific morphological variation that co-occur with changes in the physical environment. This task is made more arduous in the context of a depth gradient, where light and water current could greatly affect the morphology of the corallum.Pocillopora verrucosa(Ellis & Solander 1786) in Taiwan was previously reported exclusively from shallow waters (<10 m in depth), but a recent observation of this species in the mesophotic zone (>40 m in depth) questions this bathymetric distribution. We used the mitochondrial open reading frame and the histone 3 molecular markers to investigate the vertical and horizontal spatial distribution ofP. verrucosaaround Ludao (Green Island), Taiwan. We genotyped 101P. verrucosa-like colonies collected from four depth zones, ranging from 7 to 45 m, at three sites around the island. Of the 101 colonies sampled, 85 were genotyped asP. verrucosa, 15 asP. meandrina,and one specimen as an undescribedPocilloporaspecies.P. verrucosawas found at all depths, whileP. meandrinaand the undescribedPocilloporaspecimen were limited to 15 m depth.P. verrucosahas a large bathymetric distribution around Ludao and could benefit from the refuge that the mesophotic zone offers. This study illustrates the difficulty of identifyingPocilloporacorals in the field and emphasizes the relevance of molecular taxonomy as an important and complementary tool to traditional taxonomy for clarifying vertical and horizontal species distribution. Our results also illustrate the need in conservation biology to target species genetic diversity rather than just species diversity.
Estimation of antimicrobial activities and fatty acid composition of actinobacteria isolated from water surface of underground lakes from Badzheyskaya and Okhotnichya caves in Siberia
Authors: Voytsekhovskaya Irina V. , Axenov-Gribanov Denis V. , Murzina Svetlana A. , Pekkoeva Svetlana N. , Protasov Eugeniy S. , Gamaiunov Stanislav V. , Timofeyev Maxim A.
Published: October 2018

Extreme and unusual ecosystems such as isolated ancient caves are considered as potential tools for the discovery of novel natural products with biological activities. Actinobacteria that inhabit these unusual ecosystems are examined as a promising source for the development of new drugs. In this study we focused on the preliminary estimation of fatty acid composition and antibacterial properties of culturable actinobacteria isolated from water surface of underground lakes located in Badzheyskaya and Okhotnichya caves in Siberia. Here we present isolation of 17 strains of actinobacteria that belong to theStreptomyces,NocardiaandNocardiopsisgenera. Using assays for antibacterial and antifungal activities, we found that a number of strains belonging to the genusStreptomycesisolated from Badzheyskaya cave demonstrated inhibition activity against bacteria and fungi. It was shown that representatives of the generaNocardiaandNocardiopsisisolated from Okhotnichya cave did not demonstrate any tested antibiotic properties. However, despite the lack of antimicrobial and fungicidal activity ofNocardiaextracts, those strains are specific in terms of their fatty acid spectrum. When assessing fatty acid profile, we found that polyunsaturated fatty acids were quantitatively dominant in extracts ofNocardiasp. andStreptomycessp. grown in different media. Saturated fatty acids were the second most abundant type in the fatty acid profile. It was due to palmitic acid. Also, a few monounsaturated fatty acids were detected. The obtained materials can become a basis for development of approaches to use bacteria isolated from caves as a biological sources of bioactive compounds to create medical and veterinary drugs.
Critical role of tristetraprolin and AU‐rich element RNA‐binding protein 1 in the suppression of cancer cell growth by globular adiponectin
Authors: Tilija Pun Nirmala , Khakurel Amrita , Shrestha Aastha , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Park Pil‐Hoon
Published: October 2018

Adiponectin exhibits potent antitumor activities. Herein, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying suppression of tumor growth by globular adiponectin (gAcrp). We demonstrated that gAcrp suppressed B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) expression, an anti‐apoptotic gene, by inducing its mRNA destabilization, which was accompanied with a decrease in cell viability and increased caspase‐3 activity in hepatic cancer cells. In addition, gAcrp increased expression of tristetraprolin (TTP) and AU‐rich element RNA‐binding protein 1 (AUF1), which are mRNA stability regulatory proteins. Moreover, gAcrp‐induced suppression of Bcl‐2 expression was abrogated by knockdown of TTP or AUF1. These data indicate that gAcrp induces apoptosis of hepatic cancer cells by TTP‐ and AUF1‐mediated Bcl‐2 mRNA destabilization, and further suggest that TTP and AUF1 are novel targets mediating the antitumor activity of adiponectin.
Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Citrobacter sp. S‐77 is post‐translationally modified by CoA (protein CoAlation) under oxidative stress
Authors: Tsuji Kohsei , Yoon Ki‐Seok , Ogo Seiji
Published: October 2018

Protein CoAlation (S‐thiolation by coenzyme A) has recently emerged as an alternative redox‐regulated post‐translational modification by which protein thiols are covalently modified with coenzyme A (CoA). However, little is known about the role and mechanism of this post‐translational modification. In the present study, we investigated CoAlation of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from a facultative anaerobic Gram‐negative bacterium Citrobacter sp. S‐77 (CbGAPDH). GAPDH is a key glycolytic enzyme whose activity relies on the thiol‐based redox‐regulated post‐translational modifications of active‐site cysteine. LC‐MS/MS analysis revealed that CoAlation of CbGAPDH occurred in vivo under sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) stress. The purified CbGAPDH was highly sensitive to overoxidation by H2O2 and NaOCl, which resulted in irreversible enzyme inactivation. By contrast, treatment with coenzyme A disulphide (CoASSCoA) or H2O2/NaOCl in the presence of CoA led to CoAlation and inactivation of the enzyme; activity could be recovered after incubation with dithiothreitol, glutathione and CoA. CoAlation of the enzyme in vitro was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The presence of a substrate, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate, fully protected CbGAPDH from inactivation by CoAlation, suggesting that the inactivation is due to the formation of mixed disulphides between CoA and the active‐site cysteine Cys149. A molecular docking study also supported the formation of mixed disulphide without steric constraints. These observations suggest that CoAlation is an alternative mechanism to protect the redox‐sensitive thiol (Cys149) of CbGAPDH against irreversible oxidation, thereby regulating enzyme activity under oxidative stress.
Optical coherence tomography features in brothers with aspartylglucosaminuria
Authors: Goodspeed Kimberly , Harder Lana , Hughes Samuel , Conger Darrel , Taravella Julia , Gray Steven J , Minassian Berge
Published: October 2018

Aspartylglucosaminuria is a lysosomal storage disorder enriched in Finland. We report on a pair of non‐Finnish siblings with aspartylglucosaminuria with autofluorescent inclusion bodies on optical coherence tomography, a finding not previously reported in this disorder. We performed a record review, neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, brain MRI, and optical coherence tomography for each patient. They are compound heterozygous for a 34‐kb deletion and a c.365C>A novel variant of the AGA gene. Autofluorescent inclusion bodies were found on optical coherence tomography in the older, more severely affected brother. We hypothesize the finding represents a noninvasive biomarker of disease severity for aspartylglucosaminuria.
3D Cell Printing of Perfusable Vascularized Human Skin Equivalent Composed of Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis for Better Structural Recapitulation of Native Skin
Authors: Kim Byoung Soo , Gao Ge , Kim Jae Yun , Cho Dong‐Woo
Published: October 2018

Although skin cell‐printing has exhibited promises for fabrication of functional skin equivalents, existing skin models through 3D cell printing are still composed of dermal and epidermal layers. However, a key hope for printing skin is to improve structural complexity of human skin over conventional construction, enabling the precise localization of multiple cell types and biomaterials. Here, the complexity of skin anatomy is increased using 3D cell printing. A novel printing platform is suggested for engineering a matured perfusable vascularized 3D human skin equivalent composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The skin model is evaluated using functional markers representing each region of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis to confirm tissue maturation. It is hypothesized that the vascularized dermal and hypodermal compartments that provide a more realistic microenvironment can promote cross‐talks with the epidermal compartment, producing better recapitulation of epidermal morphogenesis. Skin stemness in epithelial tissue is investigated. These findings reveal that the full‐thickness skin has more similarities to the native human skin compared with the dermal and epidermal skin model, indicating that it better reflects the actual complexity of native human skin. It is envisioned that it offers better predictive and reliable in vitro platform for investigation of mechanisms of pathological research and skin disease modeling.
Electronic and Optical Excitations at the Pyridine/ZnO(101¯0) Hybrid Interface
Authors: Turkina Olga , Nabok Dmitrii , Gulans Andris , Cocchi Caterina , Draxl Claudia
Published: October 2018

By combining all‐electron density‐functional theory with many‐body perturbation theory, a prototypical inorganic/organic hybrid system, composed of pyridine molecules that are chemisorbed on the nonpolar ZnO() surface is investigated. The approximation is employed to describe its one‐particle excitations in terms of the quasiparticle band structure, and the Bethe–Salpeter equation is solved to obtain the absorption spectrum. The different character of the constituents leads to very diverse self‐energy corrections of individual Kohn–Sham states, and thus the band structure is distinctively different from its DFT counterpart, that is, many‐body effects cannot be regarded as a rigid shift of the conduction bands. The nature of the optical excitations at the interface over a wide energy range is explored and it is shown that various kinds of electron‐hole pairs are formed, comprising hybrid excitons and (hybrid) charge‐transfer excitations. The absorption onset is characterized by a strongly bound bright ZnO‐dominated hybrid exciton. For the selected examples of either exciton type, the individual contributions from the valence and conduction bands are analyzed and the binding strength and extension of the electron‐hole wavefunctions are discussed.
Encapsulation and controlled release of fragrances from functionalized porous metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Wang Yuxiang , Huang Jianxiang , Zhou Zhuxian , Zhao Dan , Jiang Liming , Shen Youqing
Published: October 2018

In the fragrance and perfume industry, the encapsulation and controlled release of fragrance is important to appeal to consumers and promote the quality of products. Here, we demonstrate that porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can effectively encapsulate and release fragrant molecules in a controlled manner. The incorporation of functional groups into MOFs can improve the adsorption and release behavior of fragrant molecules. We find that polar ester‐type fragrances exhibit higher adsorption on polar hydroxyl‐functionalized MOF [UiO‐66‐(OH)2] than on nonpolar MOF (UiO‐66), while nonpolar terpenoid‐type fragrances show no adsorption difference between these two MOFs. The release profiles show that UiO‐66‐(OH)2 can prolong the release of polar fragrances compared with nonpolar fragrances. Both the experimental results and computer molecular modeling demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups in UiO‐66‐(OH)2 can form strong hydrogen binding with different ester fragrances. The releasing kinetics indicates that pore diffusion is the rate‐limiting step of fragrance release from MOFs. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 491–499, 2019
The effect of maxillary sinus antrostomy size on the sinus microbiome
Authors: Kim Alexander S. , Willis Amanda L. , Laubitz Daniel , Sharma Saurabh , Song Brian H. , Chiu Alexander G. , Le Christopher H. , Chang Eugene H.
Published: October 2018

Background

The optimal maxillary antrostomy size to surgically treat sinusitis is not well known. In this study, we examined clinical metrics of disease severity and symptom scores, measured secreted inflammatory markers, and characterized the sinus microbiome to determine if there were significant differences in outcome between different maxillary ostial sizes.

Methods

Prospective randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial enrolling 12 individuals diagnosed with recurrent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis. Each patient was blinded and randomized to receive minimal maxillary ostial dilation via balloon sinuplasty on 1 side vs a mega‐antrostomy on the contralateral side. Data collected included symptom scores (20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐20]), endoscopy, and radiologic Lund‐Mackay scores. During surgery and at their postoperative visit swabs were obtained from each maxillary sinus, and 16S DNA and inflammatory cytokine levels analyzed. The use of each patient as their own control allowed us to minimize confounding variables.

Results

There was statistically significant improvement in SNOT‐20 symptom scores postoperatively in all patients. There were no significant differences between maxillary ostial size in postoperative endoscopy scores, cytokine profile, or bacterial burden. There were statistically significant differences in relative postoperative abundance of Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria between the mega‐antrostomy and mini‐antrostomy.

Conclusions

The method used in surgical maxillary antrostomies had no effect on endoscopy scores or cytokine profiles. Microbiome analysis determined significant differences between the different antrostomy sizes in postoperative Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, and Cyanobacteria abundance. The clinical significance of these changes in the sinus microbiome are not known but may be a result of increased access to postoperative sinonasal irrigations.
Fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by Klebsiella oxytoca: an autopsy case report
Authors: Nagamura Tatsunori , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Terayama Takero , Higashiyama Daishi , Seno Soichiro , Isoi Naoaki , Katsurada Yuka , Matsubara Akiko , Yoshimura Yuya , Sekine Yasumasa , Akitomi Shinji , Sato Kimiya , Tsuda Hitoshi , Saitoh Daizoh , Ikeuchi Hisashi
Published: October 2018

Case

We describe a rare case of antibiotic‐associated fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by Klebsiella oxytoca. A 79‐year‐old man with a history of antibiotic therapy was admitted to our emergency department, complaining of consciousness disturbance. Initially, we suspected septic shock and diabetic ketoacidosis caused by intestinal infection. Although we administered sufficient extracellular fluid, his blood pressure was not elevated and his abdomen gradually swelled.

Outcome

The patient died of shock and abdominal compartment syndrome. Autopsy revealed widespread jejunal necrosis in conjunction with colitis, suggesting fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by K. oxytoca infection.

Conclusion

As the clinical features of pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by K. oxytoca resemble the features of colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, conservative therapy is applied first. However, fulminant pseudomembranous enterocolitis is a lethal disease, necessitating early operation for resection of the necrotic lesion. This report highlights the need for better surgical criteria at an early stage.
Dualmodus‐Lichttransduktion durch einen plastisch biegbaren organischen Kristall als optischer Wellenleiter
Authors: Catalano Luca , Karothu Durga Prasad , Schramm Stefan , Ahmed Ejaz , Rezgui Rachid , Barber Timothy J. , Famulari Antonino , Naumov Panče
Published: October 2018

Ein Anthracenderivat, 9,10‐Dicyanoanthracen, kristallisiert in Form fluoreszierender nadelförmiger Einkristalle, die leicht in zwei Richtungen plastisch verformt werden können. Ortsaufgelöste Photolumineszenzanalyse zeigt auf, dass dieses Material mit robusten optoelektronischen Eigenschaften ausgestattet ist, die selbst bei extremer Kristallverformung erhalten bleiben. Diese hochflexiblen Kristalle wurden erfolgreich als effiziente schaltbare Lichtwellenleiterelemente sowohl für aktive als auch für passive Lichttransduktion getestet. Die Funktionsweise hängt dabei von der Wellenlänge des einfallenden Lichts ab. Die vorgestellte prototypische organisch optische Dualmodus‐Kristallfaser führt zu möglichen Anwendungen von mechanisch biegsamen molekularen organischen Kristalle als neuartige lichttransduzierende Medien zur drahtlosen Übertragung von Informationen in rein organischen mikrooptoelektronischen Vorrichtungen.
Numerical simulation of the mechanical properties of a carbon‐fiber‐reinforced hollow glass microsphere–epoxy syntactic foam
Authors: Wang Yaosheng , Ya Bin , Zhou Bingwen , Meng Linggang , Zhang Xingguo
Published: October 2018

The addition of carbon fibers has a great influence on the mechanical properties of hollow glass microsphere (HGM)–epoxy syntactic foam. Thus, to elucidate the reinforcement mechanism, the numerical simulation of HGM‐ and carbon‐fiber‐filled epoxy matrixes was carried out. The effect of the orientation of carbon fibers on the elastic modulus and stress distribution was studied. The effect of the elastic modulus of the matrix on the change of force was also studied. We noted that the orientation of carbon fibers affected the elastic modulus of the matrix, and when the carbon fibers were distributed in the direction of force, the elastic modulus of the matrix reached its maximum. The maximum stress of HGMs decreased with increasing matrix elastic modulus, and the mechanical properties of the syntactic foam increased with increasing elastic modulus of the matrix. When the carbon fibers were distributed in the direction of the force, the enhancement effect was the best. Because the carbon fibers had a higher elastic modulus than the matrix, the degree of compressive deformation of the carbon fibers was smaller than that of the matrix. During compression, carbon fibers were pulled out and consumed a lot of energy. Thus, the mechanical properties of the syntactic foam were improved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47083.
Chitin‐halloysite nanoclay hydrogel composite adsorbent to aqueous heavy metal ions
Authors: Nguyen Khoa Dang , Trang Truong Thi Cam , Kobayashi Takaomi
Published: October 2018

Halloysite nanoclay (HNC) was mixed with Chitin hydrogel film by phase inversion in water vapor atmosphere at room temperature. In the preparation, Chitin was dissolved in N,N‐dimethyl acetamine/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) and different amounts of HCN was dispersed well for the gelation process. The resultant Chitin‐Halloysite nanoclay (CTH) hydrogel films containing HCN at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 4 wt % were used for the adsorbents of heavy metal ions. As the results, the tensile strength of the hydrogel composite was enhanced from 0.34 to 0.71 N/mm2 while the elongation decreased from 66.43% to 49.93% with the increment of HNC concentration from 0 to 4 wt %. A reduction in the water content and the increment in the modulus confirmed the formation of highly dispersed nano‐composites with improved interfacial interactions between nano‐fillers and matrix. In the adsorption experiments of the ternary ion of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, the removal capacity of Pb(II) was highly retained by the CTH hydrogel film relative to Cd(II) and Cu(II), shown Langmuir model with the maximum binding amount on the hydrogel composites were followed as order Pb (8.2 mg/g), Cu (4.2 mg/g), and Cd (2.1 mg/g). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47207.
Rational Approach Towards Designing Metallogels From a Urea‐Functionalized Pyridyl Dicarboxylate: Anti‐inflammatory, Anticancer, and Drug Delivery
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: October 2018

A structural rationale was adopted to design a series of metallogels from a newly synthesized urea‐functionalized dicarboxylate ligand, namely, 5‐[3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)ureido]isophthalic acid (PUIA), that produces metallogels upon reaction with various metal salts (CuII, ZnII, CoII, CdII, and NiII salts) at room temperature. The gels were characterized by dynamic rheology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The existence of a coordination bond in the gel state was probed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy in a ZnII metallogel (i.e., MG2). Single crystals isolated from the reaction mixture of PUIA and CoII or CdII salts characterized by X‐ray diffraction revealed lattice inclusion of solvent molecules, which was in agreement with the hypothesis based on which the metallogels were designed. MG2 displayed anti‐inflammatory response (prostaglandin E2 assay) in the macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and anticancer properties (cell migration assay) on a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). The MG2 metallogel matrix could also be used to load and release (pH responsive) the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Fluorescence imaging of MDA‐MB‐231 cells treated with MG2 revealed that it was successfully internalized.