bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese expert consensus on allergen component resolved diagnosis
Authors: Luo Wenting , Chen Hao , Cheng Lei , Cui Yubao , Guo Yinshi , Gao Zhongshan , Guan Kai , Han Kun , Hong Haiyu , Ji Kunmei , Li Jing , Liu Guanghui , Meng Juan , Sun Jin‐Lyu , Tao Ailin , Tang Wei , Wang Huiying , Wang Xiaoyan , Wei Jifu , Shao Xuejun , Xiang Li , Tsui Stephen Kwok‐Wing , Zhang Huanping , Yu Yongmei , Zhao Lan , Huang Zhifeng , Gan Hui , Zhang Jiale , Zheng Xianhui , Zheng Peiyan , Huang Huimin , Hao Chuangli , Zhu Rongfei , Sun Baoqing
Published: November 2024

Background

Allergen component resolved diagnosis (CRD) is a method for identifying specific protein molecules that cause hypersensitivity. Unlike traditional methods that use crude allergen extracts containing multiple component species, CRD focuses on individual allergen protein molecules for more precise diagnosis. The World Allergy Organization (WAO) recommends CRD as a supplement to clinical history and allergen extract testing, and in some cases, it can replace crude extract tests.

Methods

CRD involves the use of natural or recombinant proteins to detect specific IgE antibodies directed at individual allergenic components. This method allows for a more detailed analysis of a patient's allergic response compared to the use of whole allergen extracts. The Allergy Prevention and Control Specialty Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, developed an expert consensus that incorporates the consensus of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), WAO, and important domestic literature on CRD in recent years.

Results

The consensus aims to standardize the algorithm of allergen diagnosis and provides a reference for clinical practice. It also offers guidance for clinicians on the common protein families identified by CRD, the scenarios where CRD is applicable, and the significance of detecting common allergen components.

Conclusions

Despite its potential, CRD is not widely used in clinical practice in China due to the lack of allergen component reagents and a general unawareness among clinicians about CRD's application and interpretation of test results. The expert consensus developed by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association aims to address this gap and enhance the clinical application of CRD in China.
Common error traps in anesthesia for neonatal surgical emergencies
Authors: Morrissey Tyler , Taverner Fiona , Sawyer Anthony , Strupp Kim
Published: November 2024

Neonatal surgical emergencies are challenging, often high‐risk procedures for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Though each emergency presents different anesthetic challenges, several error traps exist that are common to all procedures in this patient population. These error traps include errors in surgical timing, airway management, maintenance of normothermia and normoglycemia, and recognition of pharmacologic and physiologic differences. In this narrative review, we will discuss each error trap to aid the clinician in recognizing, planning for, and mitigating adverse events.
SlVQ15 recruits SlWRKY30IIc to link with jasmonate pathway in regulating tomato defence against root‐knot nematodes
Authors: Huang Huang , Ma Xuechun , Sun Lulu , Wang Yingying , Ma Jilin , Hong Yihan , Zhao Mingjie , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Rui , Song Susheng , Wang Shaohui
Published: November 2024

Tomato is one of the most economically important vegetable crops in the world and has been seriously affected by the devastating agricultural pest root‐knot nematodes (RKNs). Current understanding of tomato resistance to RKNs is quite limited. VQ motif‐containing family proteins are plant‐specific regulators; however, whether and how tomato VQs regulate resistance to RKNs is unknown. Here, we found that SlVQ15 recruited SlWRKY30IIc to coordinately control tomato defence against the RKN Meloidogyne incognita without affecting plant growth and productivity. The jasmonate (JA)‐ZIM domain (JAZ) repressors of the phytohormone JAs signalling associated and interfered with the interaction of SlVQ15 and SlWRKY30IIc. In turn, SlWRKY30IIc bound to SlJAZs promoters and cooperated with SlVQ15 to repress their expression, whereas this inhibitory effect was antagonized by SlJAZ5, forming a feedback regulatory mechanism. Moreover, SlWRKY30IIc expression was directly regulated by SlMYC2, a SlJAZ‐interacting negative regulator of resistance to RKNs. In conclusion, our findings revealed that a regulatory circuit of SlVQ15‐SlWRKY30IIc and the JA pathway fine‐tunes tomato defence against the RKN M. incognita, and provided candidate genes and clues with great potential for crop improvement.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Resistance Scores in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Heilmann Philipp Georg , Difabachew Yohannes Fekadu , Frisch Matthias , Moritz Anna Luise , Stahl Andreas , Wittkop Benjamin , Snowdon Rod J. , Koch Michael , Kirchhoff Martin , Cselényi László , Wolf Markus , Förster Jutta , Zenke‐Philippi Carola
Published: November 2024

Machine learning methods were shown to improve the prediction accuracies of genomic prediction of resistance scores compared to methods like RR‐BLUP, which were originally designed for metric rather than ordinal response values. We conducted a cross‐validation study with 361 wheat genotypes evaluated for five fungal diseases. Our objective was to compare the prediction accuracy and the ability to identify the most resistant genotypes of 19 genomic prediction approaches. Each approach consisted of a different combination of prediction method (RR‐BLUP, an alternative method with heterogeneous marker variances, Bayesian generalized linear regression with an ordinal response, support vector machine, gradient boosting machine and random forest), predictor (single SNP markers, LD‐based haplotype blocks, 250 variables generated with an autoencoder and SNPs identified with incremental feature selection) and response value (untransformed and logit‐transformed resistance scores). In our dataset, RR‐BLUP was consistently among the methods with the largest prediction accuracies and the best abilities to identify resistant genotypes in four of five investigated traits. However, in P. triticina, using gradient boosting machine and random forest instead of RR‐BLUP increased the prediction accuracy from 0.64 to 0.71, indicating that machine learning methods may have an advantage over linear models in genomic prediction. We also found that even though there was a positive correlation between the prediction accuracy and Cohen's , a measure to judge how well the most resistant genotypes can be identified, the correlation is not perfect and a large value for the prediction accuracy does not necessarily translate into an equally large value.
A Detailed Proteomics and Metabolomics Landscape Sheds Light on the Mechanistic Insights Into the Resistance Response of Transgenic Pigeon Pea Against Wilt Stress
Authors: Karmakar Subhasis , Selvaraj Sabarinathan , Gayen Dipak , Baig Mirza J.
Published: November 2024

Pigeon pea, vital for farmers in semi‐arid regions, suffers yield losses from Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium udum. This study demonstrates that introducing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene significantly boosts wilt resistance. Enhanced resistance in transgenic lines was confirmed through gene expression analysis, enzyme activity assays, biochemical assessments, histochemical staining and in vitro and in vivo bioassays, including spore germination tests. We performed proteomics and metabolomics analyses to investigate mechanisms of enhanced resistance. LC‐MS/MS‐based label‐free proteomics of wilt‐infected transgenic and wild‐type pigeon pea leaves identified 2386 proteins, with 1048 showing significant abundance changes—738 upregulated and 310 downregulated—in transgenic plants. Notably, proteins such as HMG1/2‐like protein, Putative nucleosome assembly protein C364.06, DEAD‐box ATP‐dependent RNA helicase 3, Lipoxygenase 1, Annexin D1 and Annexin‐like protein RJ4 were significantly upregulated, indicating their potential role in developing wilt‐resistant cultivars. Metabolomic analysis showed elevated levels of amino acids, sugars, oxalic acid, sugar alcohols and myo‐inositol in transgenic pigeon pea, with upregulated pathways in Sugar and Starch Metabolism and Inositol Phosphate Metabolism, indicating enhanced resilience to wilt stress. This study highlights unique regulatory proteins and metabolites, offering insights into stress adaptation and guiding genetic interventions for breeding disease‐resistant pigeon pea varieties.
Biosynthesis‐Based Spatial Metabolome of Condensed Tannin Reveals Its Role in Salt Tolerance of Non‐Salt‐Secretor Mangrove Kandelia obovata
Authors: Huang Hezi , Zhuang Lihan , Tang Hanchen , Guo Zhaoyu , Li Qinghua , Lin Zejin , Dai Mingjin , Wang Xiuxiu , Wang Yifan , Zheng Hailei , Zhu Xueyi
Published: November 2024

An autofluorescent inclusion (AFI) specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells (MCs) of non‐salt‐secretor mangrove was found to be related to salt, but its biosynthesis and spatial distribution characteristics remain unclear. Here, Kandelia obovata served as the experimental material, and the composition of AFI was identified as condensed tannin (CT). Na contents increased in purified AFIs under NaCl treatment, while Na+ efflux in MCs was lower than the control. In vitro, Na+ addition caused aggregations of AFIs. Proteins related to Na+/H+ and vesicle transport were identified in the purified AFIs by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. TEM images revealed the structures involved in CT biosynthesis in chloroplasts and CT accretions in vacuoles were more visible under higher salinity. Spatial metabolomics analysis on flavonoid metabolites involving in CT biosynthesis illustrated those flavonoids and three CT monomers were positively related to salt in MCs. Real‐time quantitative PCR verified the genes encoding enzymes for CT biosynthesis were upregulated accordingly. Taken together, CT biosynthesis is positively correlated with Na accumulation in leaves. The CTs synthesized in chloroplasts are transported as shuttles to vacuole via cytoplasm, facilitating the sequestration and compartmentalization of excessive Na+ ions into the vacuole, which confers non‐salt‐secretor mangrove K. obovata a higher salt tolerance.
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Bioactive Compound Diversity in Organs of Saffron Flower
Authors: Bagri Jayram , Singh Vikash Kumar , Gupta Khushboo , Dkhar Jeremy , Wani Aijaz Ahmad , Jain Mukesh , Singla‐Pareek Sneh Lata , Pareek Ashwani
Published: November 2024

Saffron stigma, derived from Crocus sativus L., has long been revered in global traditional medicine and continues to hold significant market value. However, despite the extensive focus on saffron stigma, the therapeutic potential of other floral components remains underexplored, primarily due to limited insights into their complex molecular architectures and chemical diversity. To address this gap, we performed a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of various floral organs utilizing advanced analytical platforms, including GC–MS and UPLC‐MS/MS. This in‐depth profiling revealed a diverse array of 248 metabolites, encompassing amino acids, sugar derivatives, fatty acids, flavonoids, vitamins, polyamines, organic acids, and a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. Distinct correlation patterns among these metabolites were identified through PCA and PLS‐DA, highlighting unique metabolomic signatures inherent to each floral organ. We further integrated these metabolomic findings with our transcriptomic data, enabling a detailed understanding of the molecular and metabolic variations across different floral organs. The pronounced abundance of differentially expressed genes and metabolites in the stamen (424), leaf (345), tepal (196), stigma (177), and corm (133) underscores the intricate regulatory networks governing source‐to‐sink partitioning and dynamic metabolic processes. Notably, our study identified several bioactive compounds, including crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, safranal, cannabielsoin, quercetin, prenylnaringenin, isorhamnetin, pelargonidin, kaempferol, and gallic acid, all of which exhibit potential therapeutic properties. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis significantly enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the biosynthesis of apocarotenoids, cannabinoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids in saffron, thereby providing valuable insights and paving the way for future research in this area.
Navigating the legal uncertainty around the governance of an integrated energy system using the values of the energy transition and energy justice
Authors: Wickramanayake Shakya
Published: November 2024

In order to realise the European Union's (EU) transition to clean and carbon‐neutral energy systems, various individual infrastructure systems and energy networks will have to coordinate and operate as an integrated energy system. Traditionally, these different infrastructure systems operate within their own sectors and are governed by separate legal regimes. The intersection of these different legal rules and interests creates regulatory uncertainty and risk for infrastructure operators and can dissuade operators from participating in system integration. This paper explores how infrastructure operators can overcome the legal uncertainty and regulatory risks of operating as an integrated system, whilst also ensuring that the policy objectives of the energy transition are realised. This paper argues that, by pursuing public values and energy justice principles, infrastructure operators will overcome the legal uncertainty surrounding system integration. By doing so, infrastructure operators will facilitate the realisation of an energy transition that is just, inclusive and in the public interest.
Chronotopes of exile and loss in Philip O'Sullivan Beare's Zoilomastix (c. 1626)☆
Authors: Tracey Kevin Gerard
Published: November 2024

This essay explores the relationship between an early modern exile and his native environment, as depicted in Philip O'Sullivan Beare's unfinished natural history Zoilomastix. Writing by turns in Latin, Spanish and Gaelic from the safety of the Habsburg court, O'Sullivan Beare marshalled Ciceronian rhetoric and Plinian wonder to argue for the conservation of interwoven natural and cultural environments. One of the earliest examples of national historiographies written from exile by erudite Irish figures, Zoilomastix has most often been read in terms of its political theology. Though understandable, such readings obscure O'Sullivan Beare's idiosyncratic treatments of self, state and nature. Additionally, such readings only partially consider the author's attempts to engage with the debates on ethnicity, natural law and resource capture which directed the actions of the English state. Adopting the dialogic framework of Mikhail Bakhtin's chronotope, this essay therefore explores the extent to which the genre of natural history was utilized to inform and influence contested narratives. It argues that O'Sullivan Beare's autobiographical account, and its relevance to the forthcoming ‘loss’ of his Gaelic world, has much to tell us in a time of ecological crisis.
Turing Instability and Dynamic Bifurcation for the One‐Dimensional Gray–Scott Model
Authors: Choi Yuncherl , Ha Taeyoung , Han Jongmin , Kim Sewoong , Lee Doo Seok
Published: November 2024

We study the dynamic bifurcation of the one‐dimensional Gray–Scott model by taking the diffusion coefficient of the reactor as a bifurcation parameter. We define a parameter space of for which the Turing instability may happen. Then, we show that it really occurs below the critical number and obtain rigorous formula for the bifurcated stable patterns. When the critical eigenvalue is simple, the bifurcation leads to a continuous (resp. jump) transition for if is negative (resp. positive). We prove that when lies near the Bogdanov–Takens point . When the critical eigenvalue is double, we have a supercritical bifurcation that produces an ‐attractor . We prove that consists of four asymptotically stable static solutions, four saddle static solutions, and orbits connecting them. We also provide numerical results that illustrate the main theorems.
Considering How Machine‐Learning Algorithms (Re)produce Social Biases in Generated Faces
Authors: Gusdorff Matthew , Grissom Alvin , Rocha Neto Jeova F. S. , Lin Yikang , Trotter Ryan , Lei Ryan F.
Published: November 2024

Advances in computer science–specifically in the development and use of generative machine learning–have provided powerful new tools for psychologists to create synthetic human faces as stimuli, which ultimately provide high‐quality photorealistic face images that have many advantages, including reducing typical ethical and privacy concerns and generating face images from minoritized communities that are typically underrepresented in existing face databases. However, there are a number of ways that using machine learning‐based face generation and manipulation software can introduce bias into the research process, thus threatening the validity of studies. The present article provides a summary of how one class of recently popular algorithms for generating faces–generative adversarial networks (GANs)—works, how we control GANs, and where biases (with a particular focus on racial biases) emerge throughout these processes. We discuss recommendations for mitigating these biases, as well as how these concepts manifest in similar modern text‐to‐image algorithms.
Integration of machine learning and process‐based model outputs via ensemble Kalman filter enhanced space–time modelling of soil organic carbon in a highly human impacted area
Authors: Xie Enze , Chen Jian , Peng Yuxuan , Yan Guojing , Zhao Yongcun
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) dynamics in areas with intensive human activities is crucial for developing sustainable soil management practices and climate change mitigation strategies. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOCS by collecting a total of 1219 topsoil samples in southern Jiangsu Province of China in 1980, 2000 and 2015, and compared the performance of three predictive models: random forest (RF), RothC, and a hybrid model of RF‐RothCEnKF. The hybrid model integrated outputs from the process‐based RothC model and the data‐driven RF model using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) for sequential model state updates. Results showed that the three models presented similar spatial patterns of SOCS from 1980 to 2015, with relatively higher SOCS mainly distributed in the areas surrounding Taihu Lake. The mean SOCS change rates estimated by the RF‐RothCEnKF model represented an overall net increase of 0.04 t C ha−1 yr.−1 during that period. The RF‐RothCEnKF model exhibited high prediction accuracy, with an R2 of .52, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 7.38 t C ha−1, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.13 t C ha−1 in 2015. This highlighted the RF‐RothCEnKF's ability to enhance performance when the individual RF model (R2 = .47, MAE = 7.66 t C ha−1, and RMSE = 9.42 t C ha−1) and the RothC (R2 = .13, MAE = 8.77 t C ha−1, and RMSE = 10.87 t C ha−1) fell short. Our findings may not only provide a framework for integrating process‐based and machine learning models to enhance the accuracy and adaptability of SOCS modelling in areas affected by intensive human activities, but also offer some guidance for developing sustainable agricultural practices and carbon management strategies in complex environmental settings.
Combined Molecular Mismatch Approaches to Predict Immunological Events Within the First Year After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Jäger Cäcilia , Niemann Matthias , Hönger Gideon , Wehmeier Caroline , Hopfer Helmut , Menter Thomas , Amico Patrizia , Dickenmann Michael , Schaub Stefan
Published: November 2024

Several molecular mismatch assessment approaches exist, but data on their combined use are limited. In this study, we aimed to define distinct risk groups for rejection based on the combination of three molecular mismatch assessment approaches (i.e., eplet mismatch count, the number of highly immunogenic eplets and PIRCHE‐II score) in 439 consecutive immunological standard risk transplantations. For each molecular mismatch assessment approach, ROC analyses were used to define cut‐offs for prediction of (sub) clinical rejection according to Banff 2019 classification within the first year post‐transplant as a reference. If all three scores were below the cut‐off, the patient was assigned to the low‐risk group (19% of patients); if all three scores were above the cut‐off, the patient was assigned to the high‐risk group (21% of patients). The one‐year incidence of (sub) clinical rejection was 12% in the low‐risk group and 33% in the high‐risk group (p = 0.003). Internal validation of the assigned risk groups for prediction of other outcomes revealed a high consistency: clinical rejection (6% vs. 24%; p = 0.004), ATG‐treated rejection (1% vs. 16%; p < 0.001) and development of de novo HLA‐DSA at 5 years post‐transplant (6% vs. 25%; p = 0.003). The molecular mismatch risk group was an independent predictor for (sub) clinical rejection (high‐risk vs. low‐risk: hazard ratio 3.11 [95%‐CI 1.50–6.45]; p = 0.002). We conclude that combining molecular mismatch approaches allows us to distinguish low‐ and high‐risk groups among standard renal allograft recipients. Independent validation in other patient populations and different ethnicities is required.
A Novel HLA Class I Allele, HLA‐C*12:424, Identified Using Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Glover Jonathon , Hagerty Melanie , Pimpinella Eric , Carozza Carly , Berka Noureddine
Published: November 2024

Discovery of a novel HLA class I allele, HLA‐C*12:424, identified using two NGS methods.
A Novel HLA‐DPA1*02 Variant, HLA‐DPA1*02:141, Identified in a Bone Marrow Donor Candidate From Brazil
Authors: Stelet Vinícius N. , Lemos Gabriela , Romero Matilde , Binato Renata , Abdelhay Eliana
Published: November 2024

Identification of the novel HLA‐DPA1*02:141 allele that differs from HLA‐DPA1*02:02:02:01 at one position in exon 4.
Validation of pathogen reduced plasmas from maxi‐pools combined with fast thawing
Authors: Auvinen Marja‐Kaisa , Knutson Folke , Löf Helena
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Fast thawing for emergency situations and reduction of plasma wastage.

Background

Evaluation of plasma units, pooled and pathogen reduced (PR) in “maxi‐pools” with amotosalen and UVA light, and fast thawing.

Methods/Materials

Per replicate, 10 WB‐derived leukocyte depleted plasma units were frozen within 24 h at ≤ −25°C and stored for 7 days. After thawing, a maxi‐pool was constituted from the 10 units. After splitting into 4 sub‐pools of 650 mL, the sub‐pools were PR treated then split into 3 units resulting in 12 PR plasma units at 200 mL. Hundred and twenty PR plasma units were produced in total. The units were frozen at ≤ −25°C for 1 week, then thawed either in a fast plasma thawer for 5 min or in other control devices (17 to 23 min). FVIII:C, Fibrinogen, albumin, IgG, protein S and VWF were measured in plasma units, maxi‐pools and plasmas after PR treatment and thawing.

Results

There was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) but still clinically acceptable (over the recommended levels of ≥0.5 IU/mL and ≥2 g/L) reduction of FVIII:C and Fibrinogen after PR with 69% and 87% recovery, respectively. Other proteins were not significantly affected by the processes.

Conclusion

Pooling 10 plasma units before the PR treatment standardises volume and protein content of plasma units. Besides the economic value of generating 12 products for transfusion, this procedure combined with a thawing time of about 5 min is of value in emergency situations and may reduce plasma wastage.
Tomato MADS‐RIN regulates GAME5 expression to promote non‐bitter glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in fruit
Authors: Xie Yinhuan , Xu Yaping , Jia Huimin , Wang Ke , Chen Siyu , Ma Ting , Deng Yuanwei , Lang Zhaobo , Niu Qingfeng
Published: November 2024

A well‐known defense‐associated steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) metabolic shift eliminates the bitterness and toxicity of ripe tomato fruits. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of MADS‐RIN (RIN) and its cofactors on SGA metabolism in tomato fruits. Using a CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene‐editing system, we mutated RIN and two cofactor genes (FUL1 and FUL2). The observed changes to fruit color and size in the mutants reflected the overlapping and distinct effects of RIN, FUL1, and FUL2 on fruit ripening. According to a UPLC‐MS/MS analysis, the RIN and cofactor mutants had decreased levels of the relatively non‐toxic metabolite esculeoside A, but they accumulated toxic SGA pathway intermediates, suggesting RIN and its cofactors are directly involved in esculeoside A biosynthesis. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses detected the downregulated expression of GAME5, which encodes a key enzyme mediating esculeoside A biosynthesis. ChIP‐seq and ChIP‐qPCR analyses confirmed GAME5 is targeted by RIN. RIN was observed to activate GAME5 transcription by binding to two non‐canonical CArG‐boxes in the GAME5 promoter. Additionally, RIN promotes SGA metabolism independently of ethylene. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism governing tomato fruit ripening and SGA biosynthesis. Furthermore, they may be useful for improving tomato fruit quality and safety.
Splitting apheresis platelets as a contingency measure for inventory shortages
Authors: Rai Herleen , Forsythe Kyle , Smith Nyle , Smetana Heather , Neally Melissa A. , Marshall Christi , Francischetti Ivo M. B. , Ness Paul M. , Bloch Evan M. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Crowe Elizabeth P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Splitting apheresis platelet (PLT) units increase available inventory during shortages. The impact of prolonged storage in gas‐impermeable aliquot bags on PLT quality in vitro and transfusion outcomes in patients remains uncertain.

Study Design and Methods

We assessed in vitro PLT quality and thromboelastography (TEG) in PLTs stored for 8 or 24 h in aliquot bags compared with baseline (T0). Retrospective assessment of response (PLT increment and corrected count increment (CCI)) was conducted among adults (≥18 years) transfused with split platelet units from January 2021 to June 2022.

Results

No differences were observed in PLT and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean platelet volume, or TEG parameters during storage, except for an increase in TEG R time (mean ± SD) at 24 h (6.1 ± 0.5 min) compared to T0 (4.4 ± 0.8 min), p = 0.0031 one‐way ANOVA. Eighty‐one patients were transfused 119 split units with a median [IQR] PLT yield of 2.1 × 1011[1.9 × 1011 to 2.3 × 1011] and storage duration of 1.6[0.7–9.1] h. The overall median PLT count increment was 6.0 × 103/uL and CCI was 5.0 × 103, correlating negatively with split unit storage duration (Spearman rho = −0.218, p = 0.017). Compared with split transfusions of pathogen‐reduced (PR) PLTs, non‐PR splits were associated with higher median platelet count increments (7.0 × 103/μL vs. 4.0 × 103/μL, p = 0.0263 Mann–Whitney U) and higher CCIs (6.5 × 103 vs. 3.9 × 103, p = 0.0116 Mann–Whitney U) despite no differences in PLT yields (2.1 × 1011/μL vs. 2.1 × 1011/μL).

Discussion

Storing PLTs in aliquot bags for 8 or 24 h does not adversely affect their quality in vitro. Splitting apheresis PLTs are feasible for adult transfusions during shortages. It may be advisable to prioritize non‐PR PLTs for splitting given improved patient responses.
Laboratory detection of donors implicated in transfusion‐transmitted malaria
Authors: Galel Susan A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Transfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM) is rare in non‐endemic areas (non‐EAs) but can potentially be fatal. This review analyzes the laboratory results of donors causing TTM in non‐EAs, to assess the detectability of their Plasmodium infection by molecular or antibody tests.

Study Design and Methods

TTM cases in the United States, Canada, and Europe since 2010 were identified through a literature review. Authors and laboratories were contacted for missing details about sample types and laboratory methods. Results of Plasmodium polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody tests were summarized.

Results

Twelve cases of TTM and one bone marrow transplant transmission were identified. Of the 13 source donors, 12 were tested by PCR, 10 were positive on at least one sample; the 2 negative donors were tested only on retained segments of blood refrigerated for several weeks. All donors were PCR positive on a fresh sample except one who was positive on a retained but not a fresh sample. These PCRs targeted Plasmodium DNA with sensitivities in the range of 1000–10,000 parasites/mL. Antibody EIA was positive in only three of seven donors tested.

Discussion

This review found that antibody EIAs failed to detect four of the seven TTM donors tested. DNA‐based PCRs were able to detect Plasmodium infection in all donors tested except for two tested only on samples likely to have deteriorated from prolonged storage. Recently developed ribosomal RNA‐based molecular donor screening assays are approximately 1000 fold more sensitive than these DNA‐based PCRs, holding promise as a potential method to further reduce TTM.
Hermitian metrics with vanishing second Chern Ricci curvature
Authors: Broder Kyle , Pulemotov Artem
Published: November 2024

We describe a rigidity phenomenon exhibited by the second Chern Ricci curvature of a Hermitian metric on a compact complex manifold. This yields a characterisation of second Chern Ricci‐flat Hermitian metrics on several types of manifolds as well as a range of non‐existence results for such metrics.
Analysis of Variable Renewable Energy and Reserve Margins
Authors: Licata Anthony , Kokkinos Angelos , Michell Frank
Published: November 2024

The variability and intermittency of the output from wind and solar generating facilities does not allow for consistent predictions of power generation that electric grid operators can use to ensure reliable and resilient electric service to meet the system demand. Dispatchability is commonly considered as the extent to which the resource (i.e., demand or supply resource) can be relied on to “follow a target” in relation to its load or generation. Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating and intermittent nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to dispatchable renewable energy sources such as hydroelectric, or fossil and nuclear baseloaded plants.
Flow Accelerated Corrosion Failures in Nominally Low-Risk HRSG Tube Locations
Authors: Fabricius A. , Malloy J. , Taylor M. , Vestdam Kasper D. , Rusaas Jan
Published: November 2024

Research on Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) tends to be focused on the influence of water chemistry or material choices on the overall risk of pipe and tube wall thinning. Indeed, choosing a higher chromium (low alloy) material, e.g., P/T 11 or 22, tends to reduce wear rates to acceptable levels over the lifetime of the boiler, regardless of water chemistry regime. Some horizontal gas path Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) designs use low alloy material in Low-Pressure Evaporator (LP Evaporator) upper tube bends as these are considered to be at higher risk due to the geometry factor. Plants originally designed with carbon steel bends and suffering from FAC failures have replaced them with low alloy materials. Sometimes this was done with a so-called semi-harp replacement, including new bends and tube stubs, and this has been a popular solution. Although this prevents FAC in the tube bend there are several instances where it appears to continue to develop in the upstream straight carbon steel tubes below the low alloy section. This has resulted in failures on several units. This paper presents results from investigations into “straight tube FAC” including comparisons between units, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and failure analyses. The case studies are from plants in the EMEA region, and all failure areas are located in the straight part of the tube, in the carbon steel region, upstream of low alloy tube sections. A FAC risk assessment would not show any particular risk of failures in this area given the low geometry factors. The results of the phenomena are discussed and recommendations for managing semi harp replacements are given.
An Analysis of Different Techniques for Cooling Direct Drive Generators
Authors: Hayes Austin C. , Whiting Gregory L.
Published: November 2024

Direct drive generators have become advantageous for wind turbines, especially offshore wind, due to their increased reliability and efficiency. Any type of generator must be adequately cooled in order to meet operating conditions preventing the degradation of copper winding insulation and thermal deflections. The amount of cooling is related to the current density of the coils at maximum loading conditions. This condition is set by the cooling technique as a more effective cooling technique allows a greater stator current density while achieving the desired temperature. In this work, four different cooling techniques for a 10 MW direct drive generator were assessed for maximum current density allowable within a class F insulation rating. These techniques included natural convection, forced convection, direct liquid cooling, and two-phase cooling. Machine parameters were compared between cooling techniques and a large drop in generator size and mass found as the heat transfer coefficient increased. For the same power rating and efficiency, the volume of the two-phase cooled stator was reduced by 40% compared to forced air convection. Discussion on the practical employment of each cooling technique was explored and simulations of temperatures within the stator given for each cooling technique. The current density and cooling technique influence on generator efficiency is discussed as well as implications for high power density offshore wind turbine generators.
Hyper-Parameter Optimization of Deep Learning Models for Compressor Air Leak Prediction in a Gas Turbine
Authors: Nogueras-Rivera Diego I. , Mojica-Vazquez Lemuel , Bonilla-Alvarado Harry , Bryden Kenneth M. , Tucker David , Traverso-Avilés Luis M. , Aponte-Roa Diego A.
Published: November 2024

Gas turbine systems are widely used in the power industry because they provide continuous and reliable power to the electrical grid. One of the main concerns for implementing gas turbine systems is the maintenance costs. Therefore, predictive maintenance methods driven by Deep Learning (DL) models present an opportunity to extract important information and knowledge from the process data to minimize maintenance costs and reduce equipment failure rates. A previous study aimed to benchmark various state-of-the-art DL models for predicting compressor air leak with multivariate time-series data from a modified recuperated gas turbine system. However, the brute-force approach used to select the hyper-parameters of the DL models could be improved. This paper aims to address the hyper-parameter optimization process of the best performers for predicting the next future time-step: GRU-LSTM, Sequential CNN-LSTM, and BI-LSTM. In addition, a BI-GRU model was implemented and a common grid search algorithm was combined with proposed algorithms for automating the selection of hyper-parameter values to build the DL models. The datasets were provided from experiments conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Hybrid Performance (Hyper) Facility. Results suggest better performance can be obtained from the already good performing bench-marked models; however, reproducing the best results for some models may take more training cycles. The BI-GRU model exhibited the most reproducible results across all tests.
Analyzing the Operating Parameters of a Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kakati Jyotirmoy , More Shubham M. , Pal Sukhomay , Saha Ujjwal K.
Published: November 2024

Fossil fuels are the primary source of energy to global industrialization and rapid development and are consumed at an alarming rate. This creates a dire need to develop alternative techniques for analyzing the operating parameters of compression ignition (CI) diesel engines. The traditional approach of experimenting, simulating, and optimizing the CI engine operating parameters is complex, time-consuming, and costly. This has led the researchers to shift their focus to agile and computationally economic techniques like soft computing (SC) for predicting the optimum performance with a substantial accuracy. Artificial neural network (ANN), one of the SC techniques, has proven to be a viable alternative to traditional experimental and simulation methodologies. The present research work mainly focuses on the implementation of ANN for the prediction of performance, combustion and emission parameters of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, variable compression ratio CI engine powered by the conventional diesel fuel. The ANN models have been developed to predict the brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, ignition delay, combustion duration, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. These models have been trained by considering a small sized dataset acquired by experimenting on a single-cylinder CI diesel engine and using different training algorithms namely Levenberg-Marquardt, Scaled Conjugate Gradient and Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno. All the ANN models considered are found to predict the operating parameters with a low root mean squared error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) greater than 0.9, thereby implying a high resemblance between the experimental and the predicted values. The present study demonstrates the prediction capabilities of various ANN models using the small datasets.
ADMS Technology: the Challenges of Modeling to Operating Electrical Systems With Digital Twins
Authors: Ruiz Flores Luis Ivan
Published: November 2024

In this article, we present the evolution of “off-line analysis”, associated with a single-line diagram, and its analysis in steady state, and transient state, towards an “online analysis” of the electric system model, with an interface for Provide users the ability to analyze with “Real-time technology”. In addition, the benefit of implementing this Real-Time Technology capable of monitoring, operating, managing the electrical network and performing analysis of the electrical system will be shown. In addition, it will show the relationship ADMS has with construction engineering, and what is sought from the design of the “electric model” to achieve the integration of systems. The opportunity to have an integrated and unified electric model in which it can be performed: state estimation and load distribution; monitoring and control; predictive simulation of the type “What would happen if?” Forensic analysis; contingency analysis; historical data and analytical tools; automated operation based on SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, DMS – Demand Management System, EMS – Energy Management System, EMCS – Energy Monitoring and Control System, PMS – Power Management System, SCMS – Substation Control and Monitoring System; and maintenance management of the electrical system.

The “Real-time Technology” is reflected by having a true ADMS, advanced distribution management system. The purpose of the article is to guide specialists and operators of electrical distribution systems, as well as dispatchers, planning engineers, reliability analysts and managers, in the implementation of ADMS with the possibility of integrating legacy and third-party software: creating a - digital twin - allowing from modeling to operation.
More Questions About Excellencism, Perfectionism, and Attitudes Toward Cheating in Professional Baseball: A Look at Potential Mediators and Doping Attitudes
Authors: Gaudreau Patrick , Boileau Laurence , Schellenberg Benjamin J.I.
Published: November 2024

The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism has been proposed to differentiate the pursuit of high but realistic standards (excellencism) from the pursuit of perfectionistic standards. In a recent study, perfectionistic standards were positively linked to bottom-line mentality, moral disengagement, and tolerance toward electronic sign stealing (cheating) in professional baseball. In this follow-up study, we investigated the reactions of sports fans when the Houston Astros qualified for the 2021 World Series of Baseball 2 years after being found guilty of cheating. We found that fans of the Astros (n = 202) displayed a higher tolerance toward cheating than those of the Atlanta Braves (n = 265). Results of multiple regression (controlling for in-group vs. out-group status) showed higher tolerance toward cheating and doping in perfection strivers compared with excellence strivers. A winning-at-all-cost mentality and moral disengagement mediated the relationships between perfectionism and cheating attitudes.
Effects of Short- Versus Long-Distance Repeated-Sprint Ability Training on Physical Performance in Youth Male Soccer Players
Authors: Fernández-Penedo Diego , García-Santamaría Alberto , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Carrera Samuel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Costa Pablo B. , Rey Ezequiel
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To examine the effects of 2 repeated-sprint ability (RSA) training protocols using short sprints (15 m, RSA-15) and long sprints (30 m, RSA-30) on sprinting, maneuverability, intermittent endurance, and RSA in young soccer players. Method: Thirty-one male U-18 players were randomly assigned to the RSA-15 (n = 15) and RSA-30 (n = 16) groups. The intervention programs were conducted twice a week over 6 weeks. Results: Significant improvements in 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints, as well as the Yo-Yo test, from pretest to posttest in the RSA-15 group (8.17%, 5.92%, 5.02%, and 16.59%) and the RSA-30 group (9.21%, 7.44%, 5.64%, and 18.79%) were observed. Players in the RSA-30 group demonstrated a significant enhancement in maneuverability from pretest to posttest (4.42%). Both the RSA-15 and RSA-30 protocols resulted in enhancements in RSA, particularly in terms of total time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), average time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), and fastest time (2.97% and 2.32%, respectively). However, only the RSA-15 protocol significantly enhanced the RSA percentage of decrement (24.06%). Conclusion: The present results provide further evidence that, if the primary focus is to maximize RSA performance, RSA-15 should be preferred. When the goal is to enhance maneuverability, implementing RSA-30 is recommended over using RSA-15.
Comparing Shor and Steane error correction using the Bacon-Shor code
Authors: Huang Shilin , Brown Kenneth R. , Cetina Marko
Published: November 2024

Quantum states decohere through interaction with the environment. Quantum error correction can preserve coherence through active feedback wherein quantum information is encoded into a logical state with a high degree of symmetry. Perturbations are detected by measuring the symmetries of the state and corrected by applying gates based on these measurements. To measure the symmetries without perturbing the data, ancillary quantum states are required. Shor error correction uses a separate quantum state for the measurement of each symmetry. Steane error correction maps the perturbations onto a logical ancilla qubit, which is then measured to check several symmetries simultaneously. We experimentally compare Shor and Steane correction of bit flip errors using the Bacon-Shor code implemented in a chain of 23 trapped atomic ions. We find that the Steane method produces fewer errors after a single round of error correction and less disturbance to the data qubits without error correction.
Transient anti-interferon autoantibodies in the airways are associated with recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Babcock Benjamin R. , Kosters Astrid , Eddins Devon J. , Donaire Maria Sophia Baluyot , Sarvadhavabhatla Sannidhi , Pae Vivian , Beltran Fiona , Murray Victoria W. , Gill Gurjot , Xie Guorui , Dobosh Brian S. , Giacalone Vincent D. , Tirouvanziam Rabindra M. , Ramonell Richard P. , Jenks Scott A. , Sanz Ignacio , Lee F. Eun-Hyung , Roan Nadia R. , Lee Sulggi A. , Ghosn Eliver E. B.
Published: November 2024

Preexisting anti–interferon-α (anti–IFN-α) autoantibodies in blood are associated with susceptibility to life-threatening COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether anti–IFN-α autoantibodies in the airways, the initial site of infection, can also determine disease outcomes. In this study, we developed a multiparameter technology, FlowBEAT, to quantify and profile the isotypes of anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and anti–IFN-α antibodies in longitudinal samples collected over 20 months from the airways and blood of 129 donors spanning mild to severe COVID-19. We found that nasal IgA1 anti–IFN-α autoantibodies were induced after infection onset in more than 70% of mild and moderate COVID-19 cases and were associated with robust anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunity, fewer symptoms, and efficient recovery. Nasal anti–IFN-α autoantibodies followed the peak of host IFN-α production and waned with disease recovery, revealing a regulated balance between IFN-α and anti–IFN-α response. In contrast, systemic IgG1 anti–IFN-α autoantibodies appeared later and were detected only in a subset of patients with elevated systemic inflammation and worsening symptoms. These data reveal a protective role for nasal anti–IFN-α in the immunopathology of COVID-19 and suggest that anti–IFN-α autoantibodies may serve a homeostatic function to regulate host IFN-α after viral infection in the respiratory mucosa.
Fidaxomicin resistance in
Clostridioides difficile
: a systematic review and predictive modeling with RNA polymerase binding sites
Authors: Le ThanhPhuong M. , Eubank Taryn A. , McKelvey Ann M. , Cao Xinyun , Hurdle Julian G. , Garey Kevin W.
Published: November 2024

Fidaxomicin (FDX), an RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor antibiotic, is a guideline-recommended therapy for
Clostridioides difficile
infection. Mutations associated with reduced FDX minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) have been identified. However, the molecular characterization of these mutations on FDX binding and the development of FDX resistance have not been studied. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify FDX resistance in
C. difficile
isolates and determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased FDX MIC aligned with the RNAP binding pocket interacting residues. A systematic literature search was done in PubMed (1991–2023) with identified articles and their bibliographies searched for papers that included
C. difficile
genetic mutations and increased FDX MIC. Visualization of FDX-RNAP interactions was performed on Schrödinger Maestro using the publicly available
C. difficile
RNAP with fidaxomicin sequence (code 7L7B) on the Protein Data Bank. Seven articles were identified after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common mutation in clinical and laboratory isolates was at position V1143 of the β subunit, which accounted for approximately 50% of the identified mutations. Most other mutations occurred within the β′ subunit of RNAP. Approximately one-third of the identified mutation aligned directly with FDX interacting residues with
C. difficile
RNAP (7/20) with most of the remainder occurring within 5 Å of the binding residues.
C. difficile
strains with elevated FDX MIC align closely with the known RNAP binding residues. These data demonstrate the potential to identify genomic methods to identify emerging FDX resistance.