bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The developmental psychopathology of stress exposure in childhood
Authors: Doom Jenalee
Published: October 2018

This chapter reviews how the field of developmental psychopathology has shaped research on risk and resilience processes in the context of childhood stress. The central tenets of developmental psychopathology, including its transdisciplinary and multilevel nature, equifinality and multifinality, developmental cascades, and the interaction of risk and protective factors across development, guide research aiming to understand individual differences in response to stressors during childhood. Various stressors that children experience, including maltreatment, poverty, institutional care, malnutrition, and environmental exposures, can lead to different effects on biology and behavior depending on the type, timing, chronicity, and severity of the stressor. Genetics, psychobiology, and neurophysiology have been incorporated into this research to enhance our understanding of individual differences in functioning following childhood stress. Future directions include more fully incorporating sex differences into studies of childhood stress and utilizing research in this area to create effective interventions for children experiencing severe stress.
Preprint: Altered decision-making under uncertainty in unmedicated mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Robinson Oliver Joe
Published: October 2018

In daily life we are constantly faced with decisions that have uncertain outcomes. This uncertainty can lead to feelings of anxiety. However, the reciprocal role that anxiety plays in altering the decisions made under uncertainty is not fully understood. This is important, because psychological treatments for anxiety disorders attempt to alter anxiety-related decision-making. In this study we therefore probed the computational basis of decision-making under uncertainty in individuals with high levels of mood and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, healthy individuals (N=88) and individuals with mood and anxiety disorders (N=44) were asked to choose between four competing slot machines (‘four armed bandit’) with fluctuating, uncertain, outcomes (i.e. rewards and/or punishments, or neither). Decisions were made during periods of safety and environmental stress (threat of unpredictable shock). We predicted that anxious individuals under stress would learn faster about punishments, and exhibit choices that were more affected by them. We formalized these hypotheses in terms of parameter values – punishment learning rate and punishment sensitivity respectively - in reinforcement learning accounts of behaviour. We found no evidence for an effect on punishment choice sensitivity in the pathological group, even under elevated stress. However individuals with high anxiety symptoms did have higher learning rates for punishment across all conditions. The behaviour of the pathological group was also apparently more random, with a greater influence of a lapse parameter in the model across conditions. Overall, these data suggest that anxious individuals do not weigh negative outcomes more heavily; rather they are quicker to update their behaviour in response to negative (but not positive) outcomes. This suggests that, when treating anxiety, we should not seek to blunt responses to negative outcomes, but instead encourage anxious individuals to integrate information over longer horizons when bad things happen. As such, these findings provide a formal mathematical framework for developing psychological treatment strategies for mood and anxiety disorders.
Chinese and UK participants’ preferences for physical attractiveness and social status in potential mates (Registered Report)
Authors: Zhang Lingshan , Lee Anthony J , Wang Hongyi , DeBruine Lisa Marie , Jones Benedict C
Published: October 2018

Men are hypothesized to show stronger preferences for physical attractiveness in potential mates than women are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for short-term relationships. By contrast, women are thought to show stronger preferences for social status in potential mates than men are, particularly when assessing the attractiveness of potential mates for long-term relationships. These mate-preference sex differences are often claimed to be ‘universal’ (i.e., stable across cultures). Consequently, we used an established “budget allocation” task to investigate Chinese and UK participants’ preferences for physical attractiveness and social status in potential mates. Confirmatory analyses replicated these sex differences in both samples, consistent with the suggestion that they occur in diverse cultures. However, confirmatory analyses also showed that Chinese women had stronger preferences for social status than UK women did, suggesting cultural differences in the magnitude of mate-preference sex differences can also occur.
The Roma and European Union citizenship: in search of a humane answer from the EU
Authors: Ferreira Nuno , Kostakopoulou Dora
Published: October 2018

The expulsion of large numbers of Roma individuals from France since 2009 has raised considerable debate in the context of EU law and policy. This was, however, accompanied by other discriminatory practices and forms of hostility, exclusion and violence against the Roma, such as finger-printing in Italy and educational segregation in the Czech Republic. A comprehensive approach and strong action by the EU against these practices was defended, which led to the Commission communication on the EU Framework on National Roma Integration Strategies (2011), a non-binding Parliament resolution (2013) and the Council recommendation on effective Roma integration measures in the member states (2013). Such comprehensive approach may be in many respects appropriate, but the danger is to neglect the true relevance of concrete, enforceable and ‘hard law’ measures. This chapter thus explores the legal adequacy of EU action with regard to the Roma minority, particularly from free movement and EU citizenship perspectives. The scope for derogations from free movement and from the rights associated with EU citizenship are the centre pieces of this analysis, which critically analyses specific EU Member States’ restrictions on the free movement of the Roma minority and the EU response in this and other relevant aspects.
A circus of ideas: revisiting Archigram’s visions for education and architecture in the information age
Authors: Selwyn Neil
Published: October 2018

“A circus of ideas: revisiting Archigram’s visions for education and architecture in the information age” Occasional paper by Neil Selwyn, London Knowledge Lab, University of London, UK June 2008
Revisiting euthanasia: a comparative analysis of a right to die in dignity
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: October 2018

Euthanasia is a practice that has taken place since immemorial times. And since immemorial times it has been controversial and a source of harsh debates. Throughout the last decades, many changes have been introduced in this field and many practices, until then only taking place without public knowledge, were progressively revealed and regulated.This paper aims, firstly, at clarifying the terminology and concepts usually used in the euthanasia debate and presenting, in a lucid way, the arguments that civic movements and authors resort to when defending or criticising the liberalisation of euthanasia. Secondly, it describes the legal and social situation regarding euthanasia in several countries, where cases and legislation have demanded greater awareness from society. Thirdly, it attempts to compare the different national situations previously analysed. Finally, it discusses ways of improving the present situation and finding better solutions for the regulation of euthanasia.In such a debate, where moral, ethic and religious arguments and beliefs are called upon, it is crucial not to lose sight of the foundations of our culture(s) and society(ies). Therefore, this paper, although concentrating on the legal aspects of this debate, tries to take into account of some non-legal aspects which are also relevant and without which it is not possible to thoroughly discuss this issue. Ultimately, this paper does not attempt to portray a neutral position, sinc legal scholars should not necessarily limit themselves to technical and cold analysis of legal provisions.
Commentary on R (on the Application of Begum) v Head-teacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: October 2018

It is more than 10 years since the decision of the House of Lords (HL, as it was then) in Begum, but it remains as contentious and relevant as ever. In Begum, religion, age, gender, culture, and socio-economic background conflate, raising issues of equality, tolerance, autonomy, diversity, and respect. The decision alerts us to the way in which a range of socio-cultural variables affect children’s lives. This commentary discusses the significance of this decision and how this decision could have been more compelling from a children's rights perspective.
Pauline Johnson's “As It Was in the Beginning” and Drew Hayden Taylor'sThe Night Wanderer:The Gothic Tradition in Canadian Indigenous Literature
Authors: Carpenter Cari
Published: October 2018

In this article, I comment on what the connection between Pauline Johnson's short story “As It Was in the Beginning” and Drew Hayden Taylor's novel The Night Wanderer indicates about the existence of the Gothic in Indigenous Canadian literature. Both texts, I argue, are anti-colonial projects that specifically figure female Indigenous rage as a direct result of colonialism. This decolonization is accomplished in both texts in terms of two specific plots: the gendering of Indigenous women's anger and a focus on olfaction that signals the character's unceasing attachment to a homeland.
Intelligent system for object recognition on optical images using cascade neural networks
Authors: Shavranskyi M. V. , Kuchmystenko A. V.
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to increasing the accuracy of the classification of objects on optical images by developing a structure, model and method of teaching the combined neural network and creating on its basis an intelligent image recognition system for tasks of the oil and gas industry - diagnostics, forecasting of emergency situations of technological objects.
The simulator for the system debugging and personnel training in Automation
Authors: Kohutiak M. I. , Lohinov A. L. , Torhunakov M. B.
Published: October 2018

The paper is devoted to the development of the structure, algorithmic, mathematical and software basis of hardware-software simulator of controlled objects for increasing the efficiency of software and hardware complexes and PLCs debugging at the stage of designing and implementing control systems on their basis and training personnel at the facility.
Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.
Authors: Hajjaj G. , Bahlouli A. , Tajani M. , Alaoui K. , Cherrah Y. , Zellou A.
Published: October 2018

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.
Antioxidant Activity and Determination of Gallic Acid and Quercetin inOsyris albaL. Root Extract. The Root Oil Contains Essential Fatty Acids
Authors: Khaldi D. , Belarbi M. , El Haci I.A. , Atik F. , Zeriouh W. , Ghanemi F.Z. , Nani A. , Hichami A.
Published: October 2018

Osyris albaL. (Santalaceae) is a shrub that grows wildly in southern Europe, North Africa and South-west Asia. In Algeria, the decoction of the root bark of this plant has been used since ancient times in folk medicine by the local population in the region of the mountains of Béni- Snousse (South west of Tlemcen), as a fortifying, antianaemic and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds of the root by using DPPH, FRAP, TAC methods. Determination of the phenolic profile of the root extract was assessed using HPLC-DAD technique (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). While the determination of total fatty acid composition of the root oil was performed using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). From the results, the total poly-phenol extract of the root bark has shown the highest antioxidant power which exceeds the standard, namely, ascorbic acid and Trolox. The chromatographic analysis of the total poly-phenol extract has found that the Gallic acid and Quercetin are the major compounds. These results demonstrate that the phenolic compounds ofOsyris albaroot bark have a great potential as sources for natural health products. Gaseous Chromatography Assay of the oil has revealed the presence of two groups of fatty acids: arachidic acid (C20:0) and linoleic acid (C18: 9.12) known for its pro-inflammatory effect against oleic acid C18:1, linolénic acid C18: 9.12.15, and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA) C20:3 which are known for their pro-anti-inflammatory effect. For this reason, we need to test the effect of this oil on inflammatory models.
Synthesis of Novel 6-(3,5-Dimethyl-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)Pyridazin-3(2H)-One Derivatives and their Preliminary Biological Evaluation
Authors: Yengoyan Aleksandr P. , Shainova Roza S. , Gomktsyan Tiruhi A. , Karapetyan Armen V.
Published: October 2018

Simple and accessible pathways for the synthesis of a series of novel 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives including compounds with a combination of a pyrazolyl-pyridazine moiety with pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings in the same molecules were established. The tautomeric structures of 3-oxopyridazine and 5-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazole rings and also the position of their alkylation were shown. At preliminary screening the synthesised compounds showed pronounced plant growth stimulant activity. The most active compounds were selected for deeper studies and further field trials.
Kebijakan Utang Jangka Panjang : Kajian Struktur Modal Entitas Terbuka Non Keuangan di Indonesia Yang Dikendalikan Keluarga
Authors: Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: October 2018

Compared to non-family controlled firms, family controlled firms  have a stronger desire to maintain control to protect their highly valuable private benefits of control and firm-specific human capital. With substantial wealth and human capital at risk, family owners tend to be more risk averse than non-family owners, and also have stronger intention to reduce the prospect of financial distress and bankruptcy. These unique characteristics of family firms potentially make their capital structure decisions different from those of non-family firms. Panel data from 137 publicly listed firms in Indonesia from 1996 to 2005 were used to investigate the impact of family control on capital structure, particularly on debt maturity decisions.

Keywords: Family controlled firms, capital structure decisions, debt maturity
Mencitarasakan Kalimat Dalam Menulis Artikel Populer Sebagai Seni Berkomunikasi Secara Tulis
Authors: Kuntarto Niknik M.
Published: October 2018

Berbeda dengan ragam bahasa ilmiah yang terikat oleh konvensi penulisan dan aturan-aturan berbahasa yang ajeg, karangan populer dilonggarkan dalam hal-hal tersebut. Seni mencitarasakan kalimat dalam menulis artikel populer dihadirkan agar kita pandai membuat karangan populer dengan kalimat-kalimat yang dapat menimbulkan rasa tertentu seperti keteraturan, ketertegangan, keterpikatan, dan keteriramaan.
Seni Rupa Masa Kolonial : MOOI INDIE VS PERSAGI
Authors: Purnomo Setianingsih
Published: October 2018

Seni rupa gaya Barat di Indonesia mulai sejak masa penjajahan Belanda. Beragam gejolak dan persaingan dari masa ke masa membentuk seni rupa Indonesia modern di masa kini. Mulai dari persoalan teknik dan gaya, tema lukisan pemandangan alam vs tema kerakyatan, seni rupa modern Indonesia akhrinya menemukan bentuknya. Aneka ragam, dan kaya nuansa konsep modernitas sekaligus mengakar pada budayanya.
Kinerja Fasad Selubung Ganda dalam Menurunkan Konsumsi Energi untuk Pendingin pada Bangunan Gedung
Authors: Mulyadi Rosady
Published: October 2018

Artikel ini membahas tentang kinerja fasad selubung ganda dalam menurunkan tingkat konsumsi energi pada bangunan gedung. Model bangunan berlantai banyak disimulasi menggunakan MicroHASP untuk mendapatkan beban pendinginan pada bangunan. Selanjutnya, sistem pengkondisian udara didisain dan disimulasi menggunakan LCEM (LifeCycle Energy Management) Tool. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fasad selubung ganda mampu menurunkan tingkat konsumsi energi pada bangunan gedung. Hasil simulasi tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fasad selubung ganda pada bangunan gedung juga mampu meningkatkan COP (Coefficient of Performance) dari sistem pengkondisian udara yang digunakan.
Studi Penerapan Solarleaf – The Bioreactor Facade sebagai Solusi Alternatif Arsitektur Tanggap Iklim dan Energi
Authors: Zagi Nur Zahrotunnisaa
Published: October 2018

Aspek pembangunan merupakan sektor dengan andil terbesar dalam pemanasan global dibandingkan sektor transportasi dan energi. Situasi ini memaksa peneliti dan arsitek untuk selalu menemukan inovasi dalam desain untuk bangunan yang berkelanjutan, dengan lebih memperhatikan desain hemat energi. Pencapaian desain hemat energi dalam perancangan arsitektur salah satunya dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan teknologi yang berkelanjutan, seperti desain shading (kisi-kisi). Parameter desain kisi-kisi pun dapat berupa orientasi, besaran, maupun lokasi bangunan. Teknologi yang berkembang memungkinkan penggunaan shading sebagai salah satu elemen energi yang terbarukan. Beberapa bangunan mengkombinasikan shading bangunannya dengan solar panel, bahkan dengan tanaman. Dengan kemajuan tekologi saat ini, kisi-kisi bangunan juga dapat dibentuk menyerupai akuarium mini yang dapat memungkinkan makhluk hidup berkembangbiak di dalamnya untuk menghasilkan energi terbarukan. Teknologi fasad tersebut dikenal dengan teknologi biofacade. Dengan prinsip fotosintesis sederhana dan siklus CO2, pengaplikasian fasad ini tidak hanya berdampak postif bagi bangunan, namun juga turut andil dalam kelestarian lingkungan.
Belajar dari Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Perdesaan di Jawa dalam Membangun Permukiman pada Kawasan Lereng Gunung
Authors: Rejeki VG Sri , Indrajati Yovita , Krisprantono
Published: October 2018

Masyarakat Indonesia khususnya pada permukiman perdesaan memiliki kearifan lokal yang masih dapat ditemui hingga saat ini. Kearifan lokal tersebut tercermin antara lain dalam teknologi membangun dan menata permukiman. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada kawasan permukiman yang berada pada lereng gunung pada Kabupaten Temanggung di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pada Kabupaten Temanggung lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan pada kawasan Desa Ngemplak, tepatnya di Dusun Gedongan, Dusun Ngemplak, dan Dusun Banjarsari yang berada pada kawasan lereng gunung akan tetapi relatif datar pada Kabupaten Wonosobo. Kearifan lokal tersebut tercermin dalam tata spatial desa dan norma lokal oleh masyarakat berdasarkan pada penelitian pada lokasi desa Kandangan di wilayah Kabupaten Temanggung tersebut terlihat adanya kearifan lokal yang memiliki karakteristik yang spesifik, berupa sikap masyarakat terhadap alam lereng gunung. Masyarakat pada lereng gunung Sindoro masih memegang teguh nilai-nilai tradisi dalam penempuh kehidupan di lereng gunung.
Anyaman Bambu Sebagai Tulangan Panel Beton Pracetak
Authors: Anandhita Gustav
Published: October 2018

Bambu merupakan material bangunan yang murah, mudah diperoleh, mudah dikerjakan sendiri oleh masyarakat, terutama di daerah pedesaan, serta ramah lingkungan karena merupakan material alami yang dapat diperbaharui. Selain itu dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bambu memiliki kuat-tarik cukup tinggi yang setara dengan kuat-tarik baja lunak, sehingga memungkinkan dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti tulangan baja pada beton. Di Indonesia, salah satu pemanfaatan bambu paling kuno oleh masyarakat adalah dengan cara menganyam bilah-bilah bambu menjadi sebuah bidang atau bentuk tertentu. Proses membuat anyaman oleh masyarakat yang telah berlangsung selama berabad-abad silam tersebut saat ini telah menghasilkan berbagai macam jenis, pola dan motif yang beragam. Selain dari faktor estetika, motif anyaman yang berbeda satu sama lain memunculkaan dugaan bahwa anyaman memiliki fungsi lain yang menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut, terutama dari sisi teknik atau engineering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pola anyaman terhadap kekuatan yang dihasilkan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mengaplikasikan anyaman bambu sebagai tulangan panel beton pracetak, dari hasil yang diperoleh nantinya, dapat diketahui pengaruh pola anyaman terhadap pengurangan defleksi atau lendutan yang terjadi pada panel beton pracetak tersebut. Eksperimen akan dilakukan secara simulasi dengan menggunakan software SAP2000.
Penerapan Aspek Green Material Pada Kriteria Bangunan Rumah Lingkungan Di Indonesia
Authors: Syahriyah Dewi Rachmaniatus
Published: October 2018

Perkembangan bangunan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang terbesar terjadinya pemanasan global. Hal ini terlihat pada penggunaan material bangunan yang berasal dari sumber daya alam yang tak terbaharukan, serta penggunaan Bahan Perusak Ozon (BPO). Untuk itu, diperlukan aturan yang jelas mengenai penggunaan material pada bangunan yang mengarahkan pada keberlanjutan lingkungan dan disesuaikan dengan tahapan pengadaaan bangunan. Aturan ini kemudian dapat mengarah pada kriteria bangunan hijau/green bulding. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan penerapan aspek material ramah lingkungan (green material) pada kriteria green building dengan siklus pengadaan material bangunan (building material life cycle). Metode analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan kriteria green material yang berasal dari peran kebijakan pemerintah serta peran Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) yang didasarkan pada siklus pengadaan material bangunan. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebagai salah satu aspek penting dalam pembangunan ramah lingkungan, pemilihan material pada kriteria green material dari kedua peran sebaiknya diterapkan secara berkesinambungan guna mewujudkan keberlanjutan lingkungan dari material tersebut.
Kualitas Ruang Masjid Berkubah yang Dibangun Masyarakat Secara Swadaya dari Aspek Kenyamanan Termal di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Kusyanto Mohhamad , Triyadi Sugeng , Wonorahardjo Surjamanto
Published: October 2018

Pembangunan masjid secara swadaya masyarakat di Kabupaten Demak umumnya mengadopsi arsitektur atap kubah yang menggunakan beton. Kemampuan masyarakat untuk memperluas, meningkat atau membangun baru masjid, diduga mempengaruhi kualitas ruang masjid khususnya aspek kenyamanan termalnya. Tulisan ini membahas peran beberapa faktor fisik bangunan seperti lokasi geografis masjid, posisi dan luasan bukaan di bangunan serta jarak antar gedung diduga mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal ruang-ruang masjid berkubah di pusat kota dan pesisir. Untuk itu dilakukan perbandingan nilai temperatur udara bola kering (TDB °C), basah (TWB °C), kelajuan aliran udara (v m/s), temperatur bola hitam (TBG °C) dan kelembapan relatif udara (RH %) sebagai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kenyamanan termal (ET °C) kedua masjid tersebut. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan secara umum masjid memiliki ruang utama, serambi dan halaman yang diukur serentak temperaturnya pada hari Jumat antara pukul 06.00-18.00 di empat titik ukur kedua masjid. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perbedaan kualitas kenyamanan termal ruang masjid dipengaruhi oleh posisi Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah dekat dengan pantai Utara Jawa dan lingkungan sekitarnya menunjukkan : 1) faktor letak bukaan dan letak masjid mempengaruhi pola aliran udara di dalam ruang; 2) faktor luas bukaan dan jarak masjid dengan bangunan di sekitarnya mempengaruhi nilai kelembapan relatif udara di dalam ruang masjid
A formalisation and prototype implementation of argumentation for statistical model selection
Authors: Sassoon Isabel , Zillessen Sebastian , Keppens Jeroen , McBurney Peter
Published: October 2018

The task of data collection is becoming routine in many disciplines and this results in increased availability of data. This routinely collected data provides a valuable opportunity for analysis with a view to support evidence based decision making. In order to confidently leverage the data in support of decision making the most appropriate statistical method needs to be selected, and this can be difficult for an end user not trained in statistics. This paper outlines an application of argumentation to support the analysis of clinical data, that uses Extended Argumentation Frameworks in order to reason with the meta-level arguments derived from preference contexts relevant to the data and the analysis objective of the end user. We outline a formalisation of the argument scheme for statistical model selection, its critical questions and the structure of the knowledge base required to support the instantiation of the arguments and meta-level arguments through the use of Z notation. This paper also describes the prototype implementation of argumentation for statistical model selection based on the Z specification outlined herein.
Noise induced hearing loss: Building an application using the ANGELIC methodology
Authors: Al-Abdulkarim Latifa , Atkinson Katie , Bench-Capon Trevor , Whittle Stuart , Williams Rob , Wolfenden Catriona
Published: October 2018

The ANGELIC methodology was developed to encapsulate knowledge of particular legal domains. In this paper we describe its use to build a full scale practical application intended to be used internally by Weightmans, a large firm of legal practitioners with branches throughout the UK. We describe the domain, Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), the intended task, the sources used, the stages in development and the resulting application. An assessment of the project and its potential for further development is discussed. The project shows that current academic research using computational models of argument can prove useful to legal practitioners confronted by real legal tasks.
A locally weighted method for electromagnetic localization of endoscopes
Authors: Sun Zongxiao , Xiong Linghao , Chen Qingxiao , Han Zhimin , Xie Tianyu
Published: October 2018

Determining the shape and position of endoscopes has considerable benefits in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment. However, electromagnetic field distortion caused by metal materials, limited field strength and multiple sensors complicate the endoscope localization problem. In this paper, a locally weighted method for the electromagnetic localization of endoscopes that combines the models of the location problem and the errors is proposed. A hardware system, test platform and fixtures are constructed to collect data and evaluate the method. To obtain the global minimum of the objective function, an approach that combines a genetic algorithm with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is developed. Compared to the localization method without weighting, the results show a 5.3:1 improvement in the localization of a naked coil and a 2.4:1 improvement in the localization of a coil inside a piece of endoscope insertion tube. In a transmitter-tracking configuration that limits the field strength and at a much farther distance (closer than 400 mm vs 400--700 mm), this method performs better than previously reported commercial systems in a similar environment. Furthermore, this method can greatly reduce the influence of metal materials used in endoscopes near the transmitter coil. This method can satisfy the demand for endoscope localization.
Design of biplanar shim coils for ultra-low field MRI
Authors: He Yucheng , He Wei , Xiong Bingquan , Guo Pan , Xu Zheng
Published: October 2018

Ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a popular research topic in the field of mobile medical imaging. We construct a 50 mT ultra-low field MRI system for real-time monitoring of intracranial bleeding. The region of interest is a spherical space with a diameter of 200 mm, which is sufficiently large for a brain tissue. The homogeneity of the magnetic field determines the signal-to-noise ratio of MRI directly. First, the distribution of the main magnetic field is measured and expanded by using orthogonal spherical harmonic functions. Second, a harmonic coefficient method is used to design active shim coils of the first two orders, with each coil generating a specific harmonic magnetic field. Lastly, the contour distribution of the stream function is utilized to obtain the winding of the shim coils. Results show that each shim coil can generate a pure harmonic magnetic field within an error of 5%. The magnetic field uniformity is reduced from 137 ppm to 28 ppm by these shim coils.
Fracture parameters of nanoreinforced cement mortars: The effect of CNT functionalization
Authors: Konsta-Gdoutos Maria S. , Gdoutos Emmanuel E. , Danoglidis Panagiotis A.
Published: October 2018

A thorough study of the effect of reinforcement of OPC mortars with pristine and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the fracture behavior of the nanocomposite is presented herein. The critical values of fracture toughness, KIC; strain energy release rate, GIC; crack tip opening displacement, CTODc; and critical crack length, ac of 3, 7, and 28 days Portland cement mortars, reinforced with well dispersed carbon nanotubes, were experimentally determined. Prismatic notched specimens of neat mortar and mortars reinforced with 0.1 wt% pristine and functionalized MWCNTs were subjected to a three point closed loop bending test, using the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) as the feedback signal. The fracture parameters of the nanoreinforced mortars were then determined using the two parameter fracture model. Both pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes demonstrated excellent reinforcing efficiency and toughening capability: fracture toughness was improved by 125%, strain energy release rate by 131%, crack tip opening displacement by 25%, and material length by 47%.
Chemical composition and heat treatment influence on duplex stainless steels fatigue crack propagation resistance
Authors: Iacoviello Francesco , Di Cocco Vittorio , Franzese Ester
Published: October 2018

Austeno-ferritic (duplex) stainless steels are prone to age hardening and to embrittle over a wide temperature range depending on their chemical composition and, obviously, on the heat treatment conditions. This is mainly due to precipitation phenomena that occur inside ferritic grain and at ferrite-austenite grain boundaries with a kinetic that is influenced by the steel chemical composition and by the temperature. This work aims to offer a complete view of the influence of the chemical composition on the DSSs fatigue crack propagation, considering different ageing temperatures and different loading conditions.
On the relevance of denoising and artefact reduction in 3D segmentation and classification within complex computed tomography imagery
Authors: Mouton Andre , Breckon Toby P.
Published: October 2018

We evaluate the impact of denoising and Metal Artefact Reduction (MAR) on 3D object segmentation and classification in low-resolution, cluttered dual-energy Computed Tomography (CT). To this end, we present a novel 3D materials-based segmentation technique based on the Dual-Energy Index (DEI) to automatically generate subvolumes for classification. Subvolume classification is performed using an extension of Extremely Randomised Clustering (ERC) forest codebooks, constructed using dense feature-point sampling and multiscale Density Histogram (DH) descriptors. Within this experimental framework, we evaluate the impact on classification accuracy and computational expense of pre-processing by intensity thresholding, Non-Local Means (NLM) filtering, Linear Interpolation-based MAR (LIMar) and Distance-Driven MAR (DDMar) in the domain of 3D baggage security screening. We demonstrate that basic NLM filtering, although removing fewer artefacts, produces state-of-the-art classification results comparable to the more complex DDMar but at a significant reduction in computational cost - bringing into question the importance (in terms of automated CT analysis) of computationally expensive artefact reduction techniques. Overall, it was found that the use of MAR pre-processing approaches produced only a marginal improvement in classification performance (< 1%) at considerable additional computational cost (> 10×) when compared to NLM pre-processing.
Los niños ante la publicidad televisiva.
Authors: Martínez Rodrigo Stella
Published: October 2018

Los niños han sido considerados como el público más indefenso ante la persuasión publicitaria, sobre todo, por su ingenuidad. Por este motivo, la publicidad dirigida a ellos debe estar regulada por los padres, los educadores, los medios de comunicación y las propias empresas anunciantes. Otro de los recursos más eficaces para proteger a los niños contra la manipulación publicitaria consiste en educarles para el uso crítico de los medios, utilizándolos como instrumentos.
Informar sobre terrorismo: una misión difícil pero necesaria.
Authors: Sánchez Rodríguez Gabriel
Published: October 2018

El tratamiento que los medios de comunicación dan a las noticias relacionadas con el terrorismo ha variado desde los atentados del 11-S en Estados Unidos. Hasta entonces no existía una posición clara sobre cómo informar. Para los defensores de la idea de que la prensa es aparato de propaganda para extender las ideas de los grupos terroristas, el “apagón” informativo es la solución para silenciar a los violentos. Pero la sociedad necesita conocer, y los medios de comunicación deben dar toda la información necesaria, La autoregulación es la forma más ética de afrontar la información sobre actos terroristas.
El teatro escolar, los exámenes públicos y las celebraciones: instrumentos educativos jesuitas.
Authors: Gómez Díez Francisco Javier
Published: October 2018

El sistema educativo jesuita recurre a diversas actividades extraescolares (obras de teatro, exámenes públicos y celebraciones varias) buscando fomentar la emulación, incrementar el prestigio del colegio y romper la monotonía de la docencia sin interrumpir la labor educativa. El estudio de estas actividades demuestra, por una parte, la riqueza y el éxito de un modelo educativo centrado, sobre todo, en la armonía entre la ciencia y la religión, la gradación de los estudios, la enseñanza participativa y la cordialidad entre maestros y discípulos, y, por otra, los límites y la inviabilidad de un modelo que pretende aislar al educando del mundo que le circunda.
De la objetividad a la prudencia. Hacia un paradigma informativo humanista
Authors: Galdón López Gabriel
Published: October 2018

En el primer número de Comunicación y hombre, junto a otros excelentes artículos, había uno que se refería a la objetividad. Estoy de acuerdo con su autora en casi todo, menos en el título: La objetividad, un debate inacabado. Lo que quiero plantear en este ensayo es, precisamente, que debemos dar por cerrado ese “debate” y que lo que hace falta ahora, incluso con carácter de urgencia, es proponer las bases de un nuevo paradigma informativo, basado en un concepto de periodismo como saber prudencial. Expongo brevemente la necesidad del cambio de paradigma, la propuesta del nuevo marco conceptual y criteriológico y algunos ejemplos de las modificaciones que se operarían en la información periodística.
Santa Elena y el hallazgo de La Cruz de Cristo.
Authors: Lara Martínez Laura
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se analiza la trayectoria vital de Santa Elena, madre del emperador Constantino. Se trata de un personaje clave de la Historia pues fue la descubridora de la Cruz de Cristo. Las ideas expuestas en esta investigación son el resultado del estudio pormenorizado de las fuentes escritas de la Antigüedad Tardía en las que se habla de la Santa, así como la información que en éstas se ofrece ha sido completada con los datos aportados por otro tipo de fuentes, como son las numismáticas y las epigráficas.
Educación, ciudadanía y libertad.
Authors: Lacalle Noriega María
Published: October 2018

La materia educación para la ciudadanía y su imposición obligatoria en el currículo escolar ha despertado una gran inquietud en la sociedad española debido a su pretensión de formar la conciencia moral de los alumnos, En este artículo se analiza la concepción fi losófi ca que subyace en educación para la ciudadanía y, en general, en el sistema educativo español, pues la autora considera que no estamos ante una mera cuestión pedagógica, sino ante una determinada concepción del Estado y de la persona en la que hay poco espacio para la libertad.
La formación del ciudadano, un camino hacia la democracia participativa
Authors: Vila Ramos Beatriz
Published: October 2018

La mayor parte de los Estados afirman hoy que son democráticos, aunque en la mayoría de las ocasiones la participación de los ciudadanos se limita a la elección de los representantes en los comicios periódicos a los que son convocados, sin que tras la elección exista un control posterior a la actuación de los poderes públicos. Con este artículo se pretende llamar la atención sobre la necesidad de potenciar, mediante la formación del electorado, la intervención de los ciudadanos en los asuntos públicos. De lograrse, la democracia delegativa actual con ciudadanos-súbditos, se transformaría en democracia participativa formada por auténticos ciudadanos.
Periodismo de precisión: el método socioinformático de investigación de la actualidad.
Authors: Valencia Benito Homero
Published: October 2018

El periodismo de precisión es una especialidad, a caballo entre el periodismo de investigación y el periodismo científico, que permite a los medios de comunicación prestar mayor y mejor atención a problemas importantes, utilizando métodos adecuados para cuantificar y para mostrar a la opinión pública la magnitud de dichos problemas. El periodismo de precisión consiste en la aplicación de métodos científicos de investigación social y de comportamiento a la práctica del periodismo.
Presencia e imagen de la mujer en las primeras páginas de los periódicos españoles.
Authors: Davara Torrego Francisco Javier
Published: October 2018

El presente trabajo constituye una investigación sobre las representaciones y roles sociales que transmite la prensa española acerca de la mujer y de su papel en todos los ámbitos. A través de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las noticias publicadas durante los tres primeros meses de 2009 en las primeras páginas de dos diarios nacionales, uno gratuito y siete regionales, se indaga en las temáticas en las que aparece la mujer, su vinculación con otros actores sociales y el tipo de protagonismo que le otorgan en las unidades informativas. Además, la investigación valora la ubicación de la noticia en la portada según los parámetros de extensión, acompañamiento gráfico y posición en la página en comparación con otras noticias.
Inicios y fragmentación del feminismo en Occidente.
Authors: Calle Maldonado Carmen de la
Published: October 2018

Se puede afirmar, que gran parte de la historia de occidente se ha visto marcada por la contravertida cuestión de la igualdad de la mujer. La ausencia femenina en el ámbito público hizo alzar las voces de muchas mujeres y hombres en pro del reconocimiento de sus derechos. Aunque mucho se luchó por conseguirlos, estos tardaron en ser reconocidos y respetados. En este artículo se exponen brevemente los distintos movimientos que nacieron en defensa de la igualdad. Tras estos movimientos, han surgido otras visiones y otras maneras de enfocar el tema del feminismo, planteando salvar la igualdad y la diferencia. En esta perspectiva, se encuentra el neofeminismo, ya que intenta encuadrar a la mujer en un nuevo esquema familiar y social, sin desprestigiar ni enfrentar estos dos ámbitos.
Nuevos entornos de la comunicación. Indicadores sociales de la cultura del NeoRenacimiento.
Authors: Codina Blasco Mónica
Published: October 2018

El fin de la llamada cultura moderna coincide, en el siglo XX, con el surgimiento del nuevo espacio público configurado desde los medios de comunicación. El ecosistema mediático se convierte en lugar privilegiado donde detectar las señales de una situación de cambio social. La situación invita a revisar la función que corresponde a la comunicación pública equilibrando su carácter de mediación y su carácter activo; así como a señalar las claves para interpretar su función representativa, en un momento en que las tendencias sociales indican propuestas para un cambio de época.
Estrategias en la comunicación corporativa en la publicidad impresa de Pontevedra entre 1932 y 2000. Características e influencias histórico-artísticas.
Authors: Vazquez Gestal Montse
Published: October 2018

En este artículo analizamos las características técnicas y socioculturales que impregnaron las acciones de imagen e identidad corporativa que se desprendían de las organizaciones empresariales e institucionales anunciadas en la provincia de Pontevedra (Galicia, España) desde la postguerra hasta el año 2000. De igual modo, se estudian las influencias históricas y artísticas que, en cada época concreta, influyeron en el diseño y aplicación de estas identidades corporativas.
La IV Conferencia Mundial sobre las mujeres y sus protagonistas.
Authors: Giménez Armentia Pilar
Published: October 2018

The Conference of Beijing had a media cover without precedents, not only at worldwide level, but also in the Spanish scope. It was inquired more on this event than on the other three world analogous conferences altogether. But, how did the Spanish press inform about this event? , Who were the protagonists? It cannot be forgotten that although the topics to debate in the conference were mainly the lack of rights and the difficulties which women suffer in the world, the Spanish media focused on the disputes between the European Union – actually Spain, that exerted as spokesman of the European Union- and the Holy See, and the presence of Hillary Clinton in Beijing. Newspapers chose a “political approach” and they didn’t report about the subjects of interest for the women. In this article it will be determined the importance the media settled in their agendas to the main characters in the conference and how they were shown and valued by the media. By this way, through an analysis of the approach that the newspapers gave the protagonists of the information we will reach conclusions on the informative treatment of the Conference.
El nuevo marco legal para la financiación de la radiotelevisión pública estatal en España
Authors: ORTIZ SOBRINO Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2018

El 28 de agosto de 2009 entró en vigor la Ley 8/2009 que regula el sistema de financiación de la Corporación de RTVE. Con la publicación de esta nueva Ley en el Boletín Oficial del Estado, no sólo se transforma el sistema de financiación previsto en la Ley 17/2006 de la actual Corporación RTVE sino, también, la doble vía de financiación basda en los recursos publicitarios y la subvención por el Estado, prevista en el Estatuto de Radio y Televisión de 1980. A partir de ahora, la Corporación de RTVE deberá financiarse a través de un contrato programa con el Estado, combinado con otro sistema complementario basado en el pago de un canon a cargo del resto de operadores y empresas privadas de televisión. Un nuevo sistema de financiación de la radiotelevisión pública cuya primera consecuencia ha sido la redistribución del mercado publicitario español y la necesidad de daptar las emisiones de la televisión pública al nuevo marco normativo.
Síntomas de la imposición de los poderes en la sociedad contemporánea, según José Jiménez Lozano en La Razón (2007).
Authors: Merino Bobillo María
Published: October 2018

La sociedad contemporánea presenta, a pesar de sus formulaciones democráticas, características totalitarias. Éstas son ejercidas por el Estado cuando propone e impone formas de pensar, manipula la cultura según los intereses políticos y niega la religión como una de las realidades configuradoras del hombre. José Jiménez Lozano sale al paso de ello defendiendo el valor absoluto de la conciencia de cada persona.
Ética y empresa informativa: notas para un discurso integrador.
Authors: Chillón Lorenzo José Manuel
Published: October 2018

Los discursos acerca de las relaciones entre la empresa informativa y la dimensión moral del periodismo han estado frecuentemente polarizados en dos extremos. El primero se ha fraguado al descubrir la incompatibilidad de términos como beneficio y capital con otros como información y derechos. El segundo se ha vertebrado desde la consideración de la información como un bien más con el que es posible maximizar beneficios. Pues bien, el objetivo de este artículo es trazar algunas líneas para un posible discurso integrador entre las circunstancias empresariales que ineludiblemente vertebran la labor informativa y la ética profesional que no puede obviarse en virtud de ninguna forma de oportunismo mercantil.
El modelo de negocio de televisión de proximidad: límites y aportaciones en el entorno digital.
Authors: Guimerà i Orts Josep Àngel
Published: October 2018

El modelo de negocio de proximidad es una estrategia de captación de valor desarrollada por parte de las televisiones locales privadas catalanas y que se ha revelado útil para su sostenibilidad económica. Basado en contenidos de proximidad centrados en la comunidad para la que emiten, se financia a partir de la publicidad local y las ayudas públicas. Pero en 2010, el modelo sufre limitaciones legales y financieras que lo convierten en una estrategia problemática. Este artículo ofrece, por primer vez, una definición del modelo, aporta elementos interpretativos para entender su aparición y se problematiza su validez a medio plazo.
La comunicación de los Derechos Humanos en la prensa gallega: Faro de Vigo, decano de la prensa regional (2008).
Authors: García González Aurora
Published: October 2018

La sociedad democrática requiere una prensa en que la libertad se refleje a través de la conservación de los derechos humanos. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en analizar cuantitativamente el discurso mediático en el entorno de Galicia para ver cómo se tratan diferentes aspectos relacionados con el tema. Los diarios utilizados para el estudio fueron los correspondientes a los meses de enero a septiembre de Faro de Vigo, con el fin de establecer si existe alguna constante en el tratamiento que se hace, sobre todo en lo que respecta a tópicos, espacios dedicados, fuentes, etc.
El ‘efecto-silencio’ en las películas de los Hermanos Marx. La sensación de silencio audiovisual como signo de cambio.
Authors: Torras i Segura Daniel
Published: October 2018

En una época de grandes cambios sociales, políticos y económicos, el cine se reinventa para seguir manteniendo un público constante. Los Hermanos Marx, ya en la era del film con música sincronizada, presentan una máscara de la sociedad coetánea y un humor absurdo y crítico con las convenciones tradicionales. El efecto-silencio, variación brusca del nivel de sonido entre 3 y 10 segundos de duración, es un elemento expresivo más al servicio de estos cómicos del vodevil reconvertidos. Sus silencios siempre expresivos muestran indirectamente el desengaño y el distanciamiento con la sociedad decimonónica y el cambio de rumbo de la humanidad.