bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencjał małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw regionu południowego
Authors: Wach Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the synthetic diagnosis of the social and economical situation of thestudied region, especially referring to the state and development tendencies of small and me-dium-sized enterprises in dynamic perspective, that is in years 20012005. The author presentsconditions for small and medium-sized enterprises functioning and development, which are laidin regional business environment, on the other hand he focuses on developmental tendenciesof SMEs sector in the studied region.
Przedsiębiorczy uczeń w UE - propozycje tematów lekcji
Authors: Desperak Jerzy , Depczyńska Aneta
Published: February 2021

Although Basis of Entrepreneurship is quite young subject its teaching program requires never ending changes. After May 1st, 2004 the most important changes should have been brought in. But it has never happened. In this article we indicate issues resulted from many students’ questions that authors of the article tried to handle. We have been looking for right answers on the Ministry of Economy www as well as on website of European Union. Do working students need the basis of entrepreneurship in adult life in postindustrial economy? So far people who were in charge of teaching program elaboration have never put attention on all changes that have happened after Poland acceded to UE. Today every student needs not only an economy education but something more. On the basis of students questions we elaborated few cases which should be the part of a basic of entrepreneurship subject. We propose few examples of lessons scripts that take into account all changes in the new teaching program.
Działalność gminy w zakresie rozwoju przedsiębiorczości lokalnej
Authors: Kochmańska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

The study presents range of communes work for local entrepreneurship that include commune politics, financial instruments, managing property, job market, promotion commune, strategyof commune growth, and creating investment environment that support entrepreneurship. Commune government representatives efficient strategic thinking about useing communes advan-tages and grasping opportunities of environmental changes is a condition of the success ofwork for the entrepreneurship development.
Ekonomiczne i społeczne uwarunkowania rozwoju gospodarki opartej na wiedzy
Authors: Zioło Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

In the dawn of new phase of the social and economic growth when the knowledge is the mostimportant element of the formation of the information society, the traditional elements  soil,natural wealth and cheap labor power  are losing their dominant positions. This is the reason ofthe changes in the social and economic and cultural order of the world, continents, group ofcountries and regions as well as local communities.In the light of thesis of this work we attempt to produce the model of the social and economicconditions to knowledge-based economy and to proof it empirically.The model seems to be valuable because it: identifies the conditions to knowledge-based economy classifies main structural elements and their relations shows gapes that need to be fulfilled during theoretical analyses and empirical research points the necessarily to look for new features and find new relationsThe later part points the growing need to prepare the teachers for teaching the entrepreneur-ships on all educational levels and to educate the public about the entrepreneurships. In theother way we can not recon on endogen elements that accelerate the process of imposing therules of knowledge-based economy.
Rola funduszy strukturalnych w latach 2007-2013 w budowie gospodarki opartej na wiedzy
Authors: Lisowski Robert
Published: February 2021

Joining the structures of European Union, Poland started the implementation the LisbonStrategy that aims to make the economy of European Union the most competitive, dynamic andknowledge-based in the world by the year 2010. Among all the structural funds that Polandreceived for the years 2007-2013, the biggest money supporting the development of innovative,based on knowledge economy are to be found in the Innovation Economy Operational Programme as well as the Human Capital Operational Programme. The funds will help to make a breakthrough in Polish economy in the areas of innovativeness and competitiveness by means ofknowledge, education and utilitarian scientific researches. Such development will make thenational economy more competitive both in Europe and in the world.
Wsparcie przedsiębiorczości w ramach ZPORR  na przykładzie projektu "Na swoim", zrealizowanego przez Myślenicką Agencję Rozwoju Gospodarczego
Authors: Sosin Jakub
Published: February 2021

Support to the enterprise in Poland is realized within the framework of some programmes andon a number of levels. One of them is support to the start of new micro enterprises throughtraining and consultancy as well as transitional financial support and one-time investment grantfor the people, who decide to register their own business for the first time. These activities werecarried out between 2004 and 2006 within the framework of ZPORR (Integrated OperationalProgramme of Regional Development) and the projects financially supported by European Social Fund. Novice businessmen got the chance to gain practical knowledge of the ups anddowns of self-employment and how to run their own business. During the workshop they hadthe possibility to verify, correct and put the finishing touches on their business ideas. And thebest of them, after writing their professional business plans under the supervision of advisors,got the financial support of 700 PLN throughout the period of 12 months as well as a onetimeinvestment grant of 20,000 PLN. The Agency of Economic Development in Mylenice is realizing two projects of this kind. One of them called On my own was recognized to be one of thebest in Ma³opolska region and it will be popularized by the Ma³opolskie District Office asa promotion of good actions.
Etyka biegłego rewidenta
Authors: Voss Grażyna
Published: February 2021

Business ethics is a broad domain. The legislative entity defines its practice as a moralbusiness (that is advisable and recommended). Moral qualifications assure the clearness of thelaws in the insurances, in the environment preservation, and in the honesty of banking system.There is a strong relation between the companys ethics and the personal ethics of employees.It means that both the manager and the workers are responsible for the ethics. The choice of theemployees should take into account their style of life (and their characteristics) to promise theethics in the business.
Rola parków naukowo-technologicznych w rozwoju małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Surdej Aleksander , Wach Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

In the globalization era a technological growth is important for the development of the companies. The vital challenge is a commercialization of the science and technological achievements,  i.e.  transfer  the achievements  to  the market. The  transfer consists of passing on  thetechnological and managerial knowledge to be used in business. It is natural impulse for thedevelopment of innovational companies. Insufficient financial and human resources in smalland middle enterprises set the difficult to conquer barrier to conducting in-home research. Thecooperation between companies and universities  especially engineering schools and publicor commercial research centers  may help to resolve the problem. The aim of this article is thepresentation of the role of science-technological parks in the development of small and middleenterprises.
Innowacyjność polskich przedsiębiorstw na tle Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Mielcarek Paweł
Published: February 2021

One of the most crucial factors of development of a knowledge-based economy is the innovativeness of enterprises, which leads to the growth the competitiveness of firms and econo-mies. The main goal of the article is to examine the innovativeness of Polish enterprises againstthe backcloth of the European Union and relation of innovativeness and development of knowledge-based economy. According to a study carried out by Eurostat (CIS 4) in the years 2002-2004, the chief source of innovation in Poland and the entire European Union is enterprises inhouse research. A much less significant role is played by higher schools and public R&D units.Polish enterprises are below the EU average, both in terms of the proportion of firms engaged ininnovative activity and the proportion of those which have applied for patents.
Przedsiębiorczość osób ﬁzycznych na obszarach wiejskich Podkarpacia
Authors: Chrapek Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Modern economy conditions inherent to the policy of European countries force us to implementthe multifunctional development of village areas. This process is aimed to the development ofthe economic activity of individual persons and must lead to the building the strong economyof the region.Research in the enterprise level on the village territories paid attention to social andeconomic conditions, that affect the increasing quantity of individual person who run businessin 2001-2006. In the light of changes that took place recently, it is important to presenta concise description of the local factors that inﬂuence the economic development of thevillage territories directly or indirectly. The analysis of the economic situation concerningPodkarpacki region has showed that this region is overpopulated and with excessivefragmentation of small farms and it was proved by the General Farming Census in 2002.Although many chances was caused by modern economy, the inhabitants of village areas areconcentrated mainly at the farms and are busy with work there.On the commune level there is the differentiation of business activity of individual persons.A certain increase of non-agriculture business entities in 2001-2006 was register only in 20space units where the value of enterprise index was more than 80. At the same time thedecrease was noted on the areas where the index value was the lowest. The research showedthat in 2006 at the village territories of Podkarpacki region 42.1% of total amount of individualentities operated. It proves that comparing to the demographic potential there is deﬁcit in thesekind of entities. However the period considered in the research was relatively short and the analyzedchanges in individual business entities are not distinguishable. As we analyze space differentiation of enterprise development we must take into accounthigh index value territories are attractive for investors or tourists. In the second zone ofincrease there are the territories situated near towns or the communication routes. Theadditional researches gave the possibility to notice that the increase of business activity ofindividual person is closely connected with the attitudes of villagers and availability ofﬁnancial resources. The correlations conﬁrm that the gradual economic growth prove theassumption that the entrepreneurship will be maintained among villages, but one must notcount on the more dynamic development.
Rola edukacji w kształtowaniu społeczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Borowiec Monika
Published: February 2021

Fundamental factor of the information society’s development is the quality of human capitaland the computerization of learning process. The author has emphasized the different meaningsof information society as well as and the objectives of its development in Poland. Then theauthor indicated the differentiation of European countries in terms of an access to the Internetand in numbers of the informatics schools graduates. The author points, out that not only theadvancement in the area of the school informatics endowment and access to Internet areimportant, but also the improvement in the ability to operate the electronic media in order toselect and to use the dispersed information. The development of various forms of lifelonglearning can be useful in the creation of information society.
Technologia informacyjna i przedsiębiorczość w szkoleniu kandydatów na kierowców
Authors: Ożdżyński Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the role of enterprise and Information technology in the trainingcandidates for driving instructors.The necessary of using the Information technology during the training was pointed out.Also, the inﬂuence of Information Technologies on the basic teaching methods, like principleof visual method and connections between theories and practice, was quoted.It underlines the role of instructor in process of new drivers’ education. The necessity ofcreation a new teaching model was pointed out. The article also emphasizes the importance of enterprise and information technology in theself-training for candidates for drivers and instructors; it also shows the drivers and instructorsas representatives of information society.
Rola korporacji Apple w kształtowaniu społeczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Kilar Wioletta
Published: February 2021

This article provides the study of the process of shaping supranational Apple Corporation. Anattempt was made to deﬁne the importance of the role in the development of the corporationplayed by Stave Jobs, its co-founder, as well as the role of Apple Corporation in forming theinformation society. The process of developing the company has been marked by an increase the number of employees, the market value, the assets value, and the sales, etc. Simultaneously, the marketdominance was established more and more intensively. The company operates in mostcountries of the world.
Analiza potencjału przedsiębiorczego województwa podkarpackiego
Authors: Strojny Jacek
Published: February 2021

The article is concerned with one of the fundamental aspects of economic systems developmentin European integration and globalization contexts. It deals with the development ofentrepreneurial potential in the Podkarpackie region. To explain the course of this process theauthor uses a model of entrepreneurial analysis that includes four levels: individual entrepreneurship,community entrepreneurship, organizational entrepreneurship and economy entrepreneurship.In the description of all these levels a measurement methodology is suggested.It is also important that the evaluation of entrepreneurial potential takes place on the mobilecapital market. Territories (countries, regions, etc.), that offer better opportunities to develophave a greater chance of attracting mobile capital. Consequently, they can accelerate the developmentprocesses. Of course, administrative units that do not achieve economic and socialprogress do not attract external capital, and they cannot come out from stagnation despite theequalization mechanism both at domestic and European Union level.On the base of this consideration the author analyzes the situation in the Podkarpackie voivodshipin the terms of development opportunities in both the context of global and Europeanintegration. He attempts to specify the development potential in the area of entrepreneurialgrowth by using his proposal of models. To achieve this goal he uses statistical data and theresults of a questionnaire that he himself conducted. Clearly, the article is not a complete diagnosisof the situation in the region as this would require a far more comprehensive publicationand more in-depth research. This means that the rate of potential growth in the article are notcomprehensive, and they may demand supplementation. Nevertheless, they can be used toformulate some useful conclusions and judge the situation accordingly.
Czynniki warunkujące tworzenie sieci współpracy w regionie Podkarpacia
Authors: Cebulak Jan
Published: February 2021

Cooperation networks (clusters, circles, groups, concentrations) of enterprises are inherentelements of the present economic model. By creating an innovative regional policy, which isaimed at the long term goal of the creation of clusters, the process of increasing innovationin the region and the stimulation of particular enterprises is encouraged. The local system ofinformation is the cluster which should provide data on scientific achievements, the possibilitiesof introducing innovations as well as help to secure capital, information on promotionand marketing. The process of creating cooperation networks is significant not only for entrepreneursbut also for the authorities and self-government activists responsible for stimulatingthe processes of local and regional development. Within the period of European Union membership,development support programmes have emerged, which are based on structural fundsand assigned for not only clusters but also broader cooperative connections.By focusing on the region of Podkarpacie and gauging its competitiveness, an attempt hasbeen made to identify the determinants influencing this process of change. It mainly concernedthe creation of cooperation networks and other forms of co-action, whose implementation andorganisation in the region of Podkarpacie require active steps to be taken by those institutionsresponsible for regional development. The analysis performed on the basis of statistical datapublished by the Main Statistical Office covers 2004–2008. The assessment of this materialattempts to interpret the necessary conditions for growth of the cooperative network in theregion of Podkarpacie.
Fundusze unijne szansą na rozpoczęcie działalności gospodarczej przez mikro-, małych i średnich przedsiębiorców
Authors: Tokarski Maciej
Published: February 2021

Poland has been awarded nearly 85 billion euros for the new financing period, 2007–2013, inorder to implement various programs aimed at reaching Europan standards.The aim of this chapter is to show a panorama of the UE funds available to Polish entrepreneursfrom SME’s for the purpose of starting a business in the 2007–2013 period, as well topoint out the barriers hindering their access to the EU resources.
Turystyka jako czynnik aktywizacji gospodarki Chorwacji
Authors: Rettinger Renata
Published: February 2021

Tourism is an important means of income transfer from wealthy countries to less affluent ones, which diminishes differences in development levels between the two regions. By satisfying the various needs and boosting socio­economic development, tourism directly and indirectly influences the levels of GDP. In Croatia, tourism contributes a significant 15.7% of the country’s GDP. Croatia has rather a wide range of accommodation with a total capacity of approx. 950.000 beds in hotels (12%), holiday homes (6%), campsites (23%) and private accommodation (44%). The latter, typical for Croatia, is linked to the common practice of owning weekend houses. The largest numbers of international tourists stay in Istria (nearly 25%) and Primorje­Gorski Kotar (20%). Relatively high percentages of visitors from abroad are also present in the counties of Split­Dalmatia (15.5 %), Zadar (9.8%), Dubrovnik­Neretva (8.8%) and Sibenik­Knin (7.5%). Thanks to its natural and cultural attractions, Croatia has become an important tourist region in Europe. In 2008 it was visited by 11.26 mln tourists, mostly from Germany, Italy and Slovenia.
Globalizacja a wykluczenie społeczne. Etyczna i kulturowa geneza procesu marginalizacji
Authors: Brzozowski Tomasz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

The Author of this paper studies the impact globalization processes on socio-cultural changes,which lead to social exclusion. Being out of a society has different origins especially in modernworld and modern society. A reason does not always lie only on the man’s side. Being out of asociety is sometimes a result of many different processes like, in my opinion, the most essentialones - global trends and the especially ambiguous process – globalization.The Author pays attention to the origins of the social marginalization and tries to show themost important ones. Simultaneously, he analyzes them by looking at the intensity of theirimpact on social marginalization. This article ends with an unaided commentary in which theauthor passes his judgment on the origins and degree of influence of above-mentioned issues.
Rachunkowość kreatywna – ukryty program edukacyjny
Authors: Voss Grażyna
Published: February 2021

Changes occurring on the market have made possibilities for development of creative accounting, which is omnipresent in the contemporary accounting. Lectures prepared by an educator do not provide teaching creative accounting. However, following curriculum and using method of projects allow learning creative accounting, which has become indirect curriculum.
Proces globalizacji. Ocena pozytywnych i negatywnych skutków globalizacji przez młodych Polaków
Authors: Sowislok Krystian
Published: February 2021

What is globalization? What does this term mean to young people? Is the dictionary definition of th is term meaningful to them; is schoolbook information on this issue thorough and precise? What are positive results of globalization and does the youth notice any negative results of globalization in Poland and worldwide? How can they support or counteract this process? Second and third grade secondary school students were asked these and similar questions connected with globalization. As a teacher of Entrepreneurship I have always emphasized my interest in opinions and attitudes of young people. Taking into consideration the young age of the surveyed, I decided that posing questions directly connected to this year conference and teachers’ meetings title, that is entrepreneurship in the context of globalization, would be premature. I would like to present the results of the survey conducted among the students of the school I work in and their opinions on the process as well as results of globalization in this year conference sessions.
Szkolenie kierowców w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Ożdżyński Zbigniew
Published: February 2021

The process of globalization makes it necessary to harmonize the regulations in various fields of economy, culture and education, including changes in the system of driver education. This paper presents the changes in Polish traffic law in the process of its adaptation to the international requirements and changes in driver training process in terms of improving road safety. It also identifies the areas of training that are undergoing the process of changes in conditions of globalization with emphasis on the role of instructor in the continuing education of drivers and improvement in their knowledge and skills.
Zarządzanie wiekiem jako strategia wzrostu konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw w dobie globalizacji
Authors: Czapliński Paweł
Published: February 2021

This article is an attempt to characterise the age management strategies in companies in the context of demographic, economic and cultural conditions. As it is suggested by the conducted research, the majority of Polish companies currently do not use the age management strategies, which is primarily caused by their failure to realise the potential benefits as the fact of possessing rich age diversity in a company is one of the methods to accomplish the competitive advantage.
Budowanie postaw przedsiębiorczych w pracy pedagogicznej przez oddziaływanie psychologiczne
Authors: Choinkowska Elżbieta
Published: February 2021

This article was prepared for teachers working with children and teenagers. It presents views concerning psychology of education in order to contribute to a long and animated discussion about education and its development paths. The psychological reference in education is a rarity at present, which may be due to abundant and very broad European curricula, which in turn, results in teachers concentrating on instilling the knowledge, but forgetting about educating children. The paper discusses the aspects of shaping the entrepreneurial attitudes at school, but also on a number of other factors that can affect education of young people. Studying psychological aspects of teenagers’ education allows for specifying how this crucial issue should be handled. The presented conclusions should further enliven discussions on the entrepreneurship at school by introducing a point of view of psychologist who understands educating mechanism differently than a teacher. However, the problems presented in this article cannot be resolved only through a discussion. Certain actions by authorities are required in addition to a change in teachers’ mentality who when teaching entrepreneurship should enforce it by their own entrepreneurial attitude. A prime conclusion, which can be drawn after reading this article, explicitly determines entrepreneurship not as a field of knowledge, but personality trait, which knows how to use certain information.
Oczekiwania a realia wejścia ludzi młodych na rynek pracy jako wyzwanie dla edukacji z przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Świętek Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

One of the most important task of contemporary school, in addition to education, knowledge transfer and skills development, is to prepare young people to participate in economic life and particularly to enter the job market. Their success depends on a number of factors like the level and type of education, their entrepreneurial attitude, but above all on their knowledge and understanding of the market requirements. And it is the main task of the school entrepreneurship. In this article the author confronts expectations, plans and beliefs of young people (students from four secondary schools in Cracow) against their future employment in the real job market situation depicted in a report of Central Statistical Office in Poland: "Entry of young people into the job market in Poland in 2009". The conducted survey research shows several features such as: high expectations of young people towards their future work, varied and not always accurate plans for a job search, a large diversity in their initial work experience, problems with identifying their career plans and making the correct choice of further education and finally a low inclination to start their own business. Opinions of students about their own entrepreneurial attitude, usefulness of school subjects in their adult lives, and an indication of the key economic issues that, according to them, should be taught at school also supplement the studies. The results obtained by the author, showing the attitude and awareness of young people about their future career start, are the basis for discussion on further improving the process of entrepreneurship education in schools.
Kształcenie na rzecz przedsiębiorczości na obszarach wiejskich
Authors: Gabińska Celina Grażyna
Published: February 2021

Contemporary entrepreneurship can be described in terms of high competition, globalization and rapid pace of change. The ability to meet expectations followed by global changes depends on the level of society economic awareness and the enterprising skills. The basic feature of the rural entrepreneurship is the vast context of its circumstances, especially close relations with the locals. However, the most important element influencing entrepreneurial activities is a person. The person with his intellect and creativity allows new solutions to be created. Antherfactor, which also influences entrepreneurship, is the condition of the environment. For the region, where the entrepreneurship development should play an important role, the education should be a starting point. Regional promotion of the entrepreneurial spirit and competence in education process is the basis of the promotion of entrepreneurial attitude towards educating individuals, social structures and organizations. Entrepreneurship is becoming a stabilizing factor that improves material situation of farmers and villagers resulting from initiating new economic activities both agricultural and non-agricultural. There is a need to stimulate and support the companies in rural areas. The aim of this article is to present the conditions and directions of development as well as to determine the opportunities and threats of entrepreneurship development with reference to education in rural areas in Podlasie region.
Przedsiębiorczość akademicka źródłem innowacji dla regionu kujawsko-pomorskiego
Authors: Tokarski Maciej
Published: February 2021

In modern world the ability to innovate in terms of acquiring and utilizing new knowledge constitutes a fundamental factor for creating progress and economic development. Globalization and dynamic socio-economic changes as well as economic development based on knowledge lead to changes within both general education and higher education towards new forms of cooperation between science and economy. Openness to business ventures as well as building up abilities to release entrepreneurial potential among research workers, students and candidates for doctor’s degree, constitute an attractive way for growth of higher education institutions in many regions and countries. Scientists establishing new companies based on their inventions is a norm in the Western European countries. Thanks to so called spin off companies the profits coming out of inventions are shared between inventors and the university. Enterprises also get engaged in such studies.  Knowledge transfer in the European dimension is currently one of the solutions creating economy based on knowledge. It also constitutes an integration pillar and effective way of internationalisation of scientific research. Therefore a cooperation of academic institutions and enterprises is one of the fundamental conditions for civilization advancement of Poland (its lack or inadequate usage will mean wasting a part of economic potential of the country).   In this paper the author presents issues concerning cooperation between scientific research centres and enterprises, especially in the Kujawsko-Pomorski region, additionally seeking to answer a question why this cooperation is still insufficient?
Podstawy budowy modelu dynamiki systemu zarządzania oraz jego symulacja w organizacji gospodarczej (na podstawie metodologii dynamiki systemów J.W. Forrestera)
Authors: Żukowski Paweł
Published: February 2021

In the work chapter, after discussing issues related to systems thinking, mental models, system dynamics and procedure of modeling, presents the socio-mathematical description of the dynamics of economic organization management system based on system dynamics methodology developed by Jay W. Forrester, as a creative concept used for researching system thinking. The purpose of this description is to illustrate the methodology and characteristics the construction this type of that models. This description is a simply way represent any economic organization (production), which show the organizational units (departments and production department), the flows of orders, the streams of information about materials and prefabricates, final products and their storage and sales. Built model of system dynamics allow management to analyze the causes of fluctuations In the processes of economic organization changes observed at the urgen changes to take new orders for final products. The simulation made on the basic experimentally constructed model revealed certain properties characteristic of the dynamic behavior of economic organization (formation of the characteristic and interesting letter size) at its manufacturing operations in case of adoption of new orders for final products.
Uwarunkowania rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa uczącego się na przykładzie sektora MŚP
Authors: Janczewska Danuta
Published: February 2021

Dynamic changes of the market and broadly defined environment of the enterprise are forcing to seek out for new directions of enterprise development in the SMEs sector. One of the current methods to raise the competitive position is to enhance entrepreneurship and business activities by learning of organization. The term of learning organization or intelligent organization can be defined as a process of building comprehensive solutions in an enterprise by developing a communication and information structure as well as interactions between participants of the system. The learning organization is based on summary of knowledge coming from individual employees. It is also possible to define some characteristic features derived from specific actions within the management area. The distinctive attribute of the intelligent organization is its ability to utilize already acquired knowledge for the benefit of organization development. Due to complexity of the organizational structures, the knowledge application should concern all the structures of the enterprise. Therefore, the ability to share the acquired knowledge and experience with other employees depends on existing distribution channels of knowledge in the company. The own studies show that SMEs enterprises tend to create individual methods of building the knowledge capital by using the modern information systems.
Ewolucja tradycyjnych funkcji muzeum w narracyjne muzea multimedialne na przykładzie muzeum Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera
Authors: Ziółkowska-Weiss Kamila
Published: February 2021

Kraków jest centrum turystycznym zarówno w skali regionalnej, jak i krajowej – rocznie przyjmuje kilka milionów turystów, a liczba ta z roku na rok rośnie. W 2010 r. liczba gości odwiedzających Kraków osiągnęła poziom ponad 8 mln. Miasto jest bardzo dobrze przygotowane na przyjmowanie znacznej liczby turystów krajowych i zagranicznych pod względem infrastruktury turystycznej. Baza gastronomiczna, noclegowa, rozrywkowa, a także wciąż rozwijająca się baza konferencyjna i kongresowa sprawiają, że Kraków jest miastem zaspokajającym potrzeby turystów o zróżnicowanych preferencjach i celach przyjazdu. Istotną kwestią jest zróżnicowanie usług turystycznych pod względem cenowym, co powoduje, iż miasto jest dostępne dla turystów o niższych dochodach. Kraków jest wielkim centrum muzealnictwa. Liczne zabytki, szczególnie cenne pod względem historycznym i architektonicznym, przyciągają rzesze turystów, a utworzone na terenie Krakowa trasy turystyczne w znacznym stopniu ułatwiają ich zwiedzanie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie oddziału Muzeum Historycznego Miasta Krakowa – Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera. Zostanie w nim również omówione znaczenie muzeów w XXI w. oraz działalność promocyjno-informacyjna muzeów na terenie Polski. Ponadto znajdą się w nim wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród 100 osób zwiedzających muzeum. Celem ankiety było dowiedzenie się o główny motyw przybycia osób do muzeum i jak ich zdaniem miasto promuje i zachęca turystów do odwiedzenia muzeum.
Polskie gospodarstwa agroturystyczne w dobie kryzysu gospodarczego
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir , Szymańska Anna Irena , Zdon-Korzeniowska Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

Kryzys gospodarczy ostatnich kilku lat dotknął w większym lub mniejszym stopniu każdej branży gospodarki światowej. W Polsce określone uwarunkowania oraz polityka państwa spowodowały, że gospodarka wykazała się znaczną, w stosunku do innych krajów, odpornością na kryzys (Sawicka, 2011). Jak podkreślają eksperci, znaczny wpływ na taki stan rzeczy mieli nasi rodzimi przedsiębiorcy, którzy nie poddali się pesymistycznym nastrojom. Okres spowolnienia gospodarczego dla przedsiębiorców jest czasem trudnym, ale i, jak zauważa A. Sawicka (2011), niezwykle mobilizującym, zmusza ich on bowiem do rewizji własnych celów oraz podjęcia zmian – zarówno w odniesieniu do zarządzania własnym przedsiębiorstwem, jak i w odniesieniu do rynku. Przedmiotem analizy w niniejszym referacie jest działalność gospodarstw agroturystycznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich zachowań rynkowych i przedsiębiorczych w dobie kryzysu gospodarczego. Analizy dokonano na podstawie wyników badań przeprowadzonych na grupie gospodarstw agroturystycznych z całej Polski. Badania miały m.in. na celu rozpoznanie, czy respondenci dostrzegają jakieś zmiany w funkcjonowaniu swojego gospodarstwa, a w efekcie, czy odczuwają w jakimś stopniu wpływ kryzysu gospodarczego na funkcjonowanie prowadzonych przez nich przedsiębiorstw agroturystycznych.
Odnowa bielskiej starówki w opinii mieszkańców
Authors: Gałka Jadwiga , Grad Nina
Published: February 2021

Bielsko-Biała podjęła się realizacji projektu „Rewitalizacja bielskiej starówki”, z którym równolegle były realizowane programy przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu społecznemu. Niestety, połączenie interesów mieszkańców z interesami przedsiębiorców czy samorządu jest niezwykle trudne i pomimo zakończenia 6 programów, w których wzięło udział ponad 450 osób, słyszy się wiele negatywnych opinii na temat rewitalizacji, która miała być reakcją na kryzys gospodarczy i zahamowanie rozwoju miasta. Wiele odnowionych kamienic nie znalazło do tej pory użytkowników, a część mieszkańców cały czas czeka na decyzję o przesiedleniu. Wyniki badań potwierdzają, że odnowa elewacji i wymiana stolarki okiennej jest niewystarczająca dla coraz bardziej wymagającego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
Absolwenci szkół wyższych na rynku pracy w warunkach kryzysu
Authors: Piróg Danuta
Published: February 2021

Przechodzenie nowo promowanych absolwentów szkół wyższych z etapu edukacji do etapu zatrudnienia wydaje się być jednym z bardziej złożonych mechanizmów zachodzących obecnie na rynku pracy. Procesy transformacji zaowocowały tendencją do wzrostu korelacji między ukończonym szczeblem edukacji a pozycją na rynku pracy, co ukształtowało w społeczeństwie trwałe przekonanie, że legitymowanie się posiadaniem studiów wyższych jest gwarancją zatrudnienia zgodnego z poziomem wykształcenia i na korzystnych warunkach płacowych. Tymczasem w Polsce i w wielu innych krajach Europy obserwuje się stały wzrost odsetka osób bezrobotnych z wyższym wykształceniem. Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie dynamiki zmian liczby i struktury kierunkowej absolwentów szkół wyższych w latach 1990–2010, ukazanie konsekwencji tych przemian w zakresie pozyskiwania zatrudnienia przez absolwentów oraz próba nakreślenia możliwości optymalizowania ich pomyślnej tranzycji na rynek pracy. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły ustalić, że pozycja absolwentów szkół wyższych w Polsce na rynku pracy stopniowo się pogarsza. Podstawowymi drogami optymalizacji ich sytuacji są prowadzenie ilościowych i jakościowych badań tranzycji absolwenckich, reorientacja celów i metod kształcenia akademickiego i realizowanie koncepcji uniwersytetu przedsiębiorczego, uwzględniającej wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań tranzycyjnych.
Ulgi podatkowe jako czynnik wspierający podmioty gospodarcze w okresie dekoniunktury rynkowej
Authors: Woroniecki Paweł Marek
Published: February 2021

Artykuł prezentuje wybrane ulgi podatkowe skierowane w szczególności do przedsiębiorców. Polski ustawodawca wprowadził wiele ulg podatkowych i niektóre z nich mogą być szczególnie pomocne w okresie dekoniunktury rynkowej. W pierwszej kolejności w artykule zostało wyjaśnione pojęcie ulga podatkowa. Ponadto artykuł prezentuje niektóre regulacje zawarte w wybranych aktach prawnych. W szczególności opisuje on kluczowe rozwiązania prawne związane z ulgami podatkowymi, które wynikają z Ustawy z dnia 29 sierpnia 1997 r. Ordynacja podatkowa. W artykule wspomina się także o niektórych rozwiązaniach prawnych zawartych zwłaszcza w Ustawie z dnia 15 lutego 1992 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych oraz w Ustawie z dnia 20 października 1994 r. o specjalnych strefach ekonomicznych. W tym kontekście należy podkreślić, że podmioty gospodarcze mogą korzystać z ulg podatkowych tylko pod pewnymi warunkami wprowadzonymi przez polskiego ustawodawcę. Z tego też powodu bardzo ważne jest wskazanie prawnych przesłanek ich wykorzystywania. Kwestie te zostały bliżej przeanalizowane w artykule.
Zachowania organizacyjne mikroprzedsiębiorstw w warunkach kryzysu
Authors: Janczewska Danuta
Published: February 2021

Kryzys uważany jest obecnie za zjawisko ekonomiczne na trwałe wpisane w działalność przedsiębiorstw. Analiza zjawisk kryzysowych w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem prowadzi do wskazania źródeł i przyczyn jego powstawania. Mogą one leżeć wewnątrz przedsiębiorstwa, jak również pochodzić z jego otoczenia. Teorie powstałe na gruncie zainteresowania badaczy dotyczą metod identyfikacji przyczyn oraz wpływu kryzysu na przedsiębiorstwo. Duże firmy i korporacje posiadają wypracowane modele analizowania sygnałów zbliżającego się kryzysu oraz procedury określające zasady postępowania w warunkach kryzysu. Mikroprzedsiębiorstwa nie mają wystarczającej wiedzy oraz menedżerów, którzy są w stanie dostrzec zbliżający się kryzys oraz sformułować zalecenia zapobiegające jego rozwojowi. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja zachowań organizacyjnych mikroprzedsiębiorstw w warunkach kryzysu. Przedstawione zostały w nim badania własne zachowań mikroprzedsiębiorstw na podstawie branży cukierniczej.
Mobile Application Architecture Restructuring with Microservice Approach
Authors: Nugraha Ardiono Roma , Talita Aini Suri
Published: February 2021

Microservice is an architecture that can solve many problems in a monolithic architecture. One of the problems is the ability to handle many concurrent users. The existing monolithic application can be restructured into microservices to increase robustness in handling a lot of users, without exception native mobile application. This study aimed to restructure the existing native mobile application named TemanBisnis into microservices. The restructuring process can be done by splitting the application features according to its business domain into one service. Two microservice architecture designs were proposed in this study, named 3-1 architecture and 2-1-1 architecture. Both architectures can handle up to 100 concurrent users, although they start to produce errors. By performance, the 3-1 architecture is better than the 2-1-1 architecture. In the end, an existing native mobile application can be restructured into microservices. The 3-1 architecture should be adopted to achieve the best results between these two architectures.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МІКРОСТРУКТУРИ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ПАПЕРУ РІЗНОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Osyka Victor , Koptiukh Leonid , Komakha Volodymyr , Shulga Olga
Published: February 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Властивості паперу обумовлені багатьма чинниками, зокрема композицією волокнистих напівфабрикатів, характером помелу волокнистих матеріалів, введенням в паперову масу наповнювачів та модифікуючих добавок, режимом відливу та сушіння тощо. Серед технологічних факторів, що мають найбільший вплив на властивості паперу, чільне місце посідають операції каландрування та остаточної обробки, під час яких у значних інтервалах можна змінювати щільність паперового полотна. Постановка проблеми. Для отримання паперу із заданими властивостями проводять його ущільнення на суперкаландрі. При цьому додаткове ущільнення композиції паперу також сприяє підвищенню непроникності за рахунок зміни характеру розподілу й ущільнення целюлозних волокон та загальної кількості пор у його структурі. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Були розглянуті останні публікації щодо можливості отримання
паперу із заданими властивостями шляхом керованої зміни мікроструктури паперового полотна у процесі каландрування. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Дослідження властивостей паперу, що піддається ущільненню до різного ступеня у процесі виготовлення, за інших рівних умов, має актуальний науковий та практичний інтерес, зокрема, для виготовлення матеріалів із заданим комплексом споживних властивостей. Постановка завдання. Мета дослідження полягає у виявленні особливостей мікроструктури паперу різної щільності, виготовленого за інших рівних умов, та встановленні впливу ступеня ущільнення паперу в процесі виготовлення на його властивості.
Виклад основного матеріалу. Проведено порівняльні дослідження структурних характеристик паперу для вологоміцного водо- та жиронепроникного пакувального матеріалу, виготовленого із сульфатної целюлози розмеленої до ступеня 75 °ШР із різним ступенем ущільнення. Досліджено чотири зразки паперу різної маси квадратного метра площі та щільності. Охарактеризовано їхню мікроструктуру та абсорбційні, бар’єрні та міцнісні властивості. Висновки відповідно до статті. Експериментальним шляхом встановлено оптимальний рівень щільності – 0,75-0,85 г/см3. Білена та небілена сульфатна целюлоза із хвойних порід деревини визначена як найбільш придатна для отримання паперу-основи, що може використовуватись для виробництва паперових пакувальних матеріалів із заданими властивостями для волого- і жировмісної продукції.
Plenarvorträge der "Jungen Akademie | Mainz" im Jahr 2017
Authors: Globke Christina , Haupt Andreas , Potthast Daniel
Published: February 2021

Die "Schriftenreihe der Jungen Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz" präsentiert die Früchte der Arbeit der Jungen Akademie und bietet einen Einblick in die vielfältigen Forschungsaktivitäten ihrer Mitglieder. Die Junge Akademie ist ein seit 2016 bestehendes Format der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz zur Förderung des wissenschaftlichen und künstlerischen Nachwuchses. Die Mitglieder werden bei der Weiterverfolgung ihrer wissenschaftlichen bzw. künstlerischen Laufbahn unterstützt und erhalten die Möglichkeit, ihr Netzwerk im Zeichen der Interdisziplinarität zu erweitern. Den Auftakt der neuen Reihe bilden mit diesem Band die Vorträge, die die Rechtswissenschaftlerin Dr. Christina Globke, der Soziologe Dr. Andreas Haupt und der Islamwissenschaftler Dr. Daniel Potthast im Rahmen der Plenarsitzung im April 2017 gehalten haben.
Un art du quotidien ? A partir de Georges Perec et Vilhelm Hammershøi
Authors: Spencer Jeremy
Published: February 2021

An art of the everyday? Parting from Georges Perec and Vilhelm Hammershøi (Abstract)Contemporary continental philosophy seems to be deeply connected to art, whether it is poetry and literature (from Heidegger to Derrida), painting (Merleau-Ponty, Maldiney) or music (since Bergson). This connection is built upon the primacy of a trial of the invisible, which is very often a trial of the event. The aim of this article is to establish an art of the everyday freed from this contemporary "eventism". We thus examine how the researches of Georges Perec in literature and of Vilhelm Hammershøi in painting meditate on the strangeness of the everyday – its flatness, its silence – which are irreducible to this aesthetic trial as it can be conceptualized by the philosophy of the life of Deleuze-Guattari and by the humanism of Levinas. This research thus beckons towards an art of the common contesting the contemporary primacy of the vital and the (in)human.
Métodos não invasivos de monitorização hemodinâmica em pacientes acometidos por choque circulatório: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Rocha Ana Kelly Teixeira , Júnior Paulo Cézar Tostes de Campos , Rangel Ayla Gerk , Fernandes Fernanda Gadelha , Rodrigues Karen Aragão Muniz , Eller Luanna Bastos de Souza , Dos Reis Maria Angélica Otero de Melo , Campos Tamara Araújo Pereira , Bezerra Thaiz Geovana , Dos Santos Vitória Ragiotto
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo tem como propósito observar os tipos de monitorização hemodinâmica comparando seus benefícios específicos, limitações e aplicações em pacientes críticos e chocados, tendo como foco métodos não invasivos em pacientes com choque circulatório. O trabalho se baseou em investigar literatura e estudos anteriores analisando os principais métodos não invasivos existentes destacando prós, contras e importância de cada um, tendo como propósito final uma contribuição para o monitoramento de pacientes acometidos por choque circulatório. Vale ressaltar também, que esse artigo abordou os métodos de monitorização não invasivos de forma a destacar as vantagens de cada método, uma vez que tais técnicas tem ganhado destaque na medicina em virtude dos avanços tecnológicos que permearam essa área. Tal temática tem papel de destaque no que tange cuidados aos pacientes, pois essas técnicas constituem componente essencial no atendimento eficaz do paciente criticamente doente já que o estado hemodinamicamente instável apresenta um prognóstico grave com alto risco de evolução para choque circulatório e óbito em um curto espaço de tempo, sendo indispensável sua monitorização.