bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characterization of imported recurrent Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale in China, 2013–2020
Authors: Cui Yanwen , Zhang Li , Xia Zhigui , Zhou Hejun , Huang Fang
Published: August 2021

Background

China has reached important milestones in the elimination of malaria. However, the numbers of imported recurrent cases of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale are gradually increasing, which increases the risk of malaria re-establishment in locations where Anopheles mosquitoes exist. The aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiological profiles of imported recurrent P. vivax and P. ovale cases, quantifying the recurrence burden and guiding the development of appropriate public health intervention strategies.

Methods

Individual-level data of imported recurrent P. vivax and P. ovale cases were collected from 2013 to 2020 in China via the Parasitic Diseases Information Reporting Management System. Demographic characteristics, temporal and spatial distributions, and the interval from previous infection to recurrence were analyzed by SAS, ArcGIS and GraphPad Prism software, respectively, to explore the epidemiological profiles of imported recurrent cases.

Results

A total of 307 imported recurrent cases, including 179 P. vivax and 128 P. ovale cases, were recorded. The majority of cases occurred in males (P. vivax 91.1%, P. ovale 93.8%) and migrant workers (P. vivax 43.2%, P. ovale 44.7%). Individuals aged 30–39 years had the highest P. vivax and P. ovale recurrent infection rates, respectively. The number of imported recurrent cases of infection by these two malaria species increased from 2013 to 2018, and P. vivax infection showed well-defined seasonality, with two peaks in February and June, respectively. More than 90% of patients with recurrent cases did not receive radical treatment for previous infection. Most imported recurrent P. vivax cases were reported in Yunnan Province and were imported from Myanmar, Ethiopia, and Pakistan, while most recurrent P. ovale cases were reported in southern China and primarily imported from Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. The intervals from previous malaria infection to recurrence among different continents were significantly different (P = 0.0016) for P. vivax malaria but not for P. ovale malaria (P = 0.2373).

Conclusions

The large number of imported recurrent cases has been a major challenge in the prevention of malaria re-establishment in China. This study provides evidence to guide the development of appropriate public health intervention strategies for imported recurrent P. vivax and P. ovale cases.

Graphic abstract
Importance of extracellular vesicle secretion at the blood–cerebrospinal fluid interface in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vandendriessche Charysse , Balusu Sriram , Van Cauwenberghe Caroline , Brkic Marjana , Pauwels Marie , Plehiers Nele , Bruggeman Arnout , Dujardin Pieter , Van Imschoot Griet , Van Wonterghem Elien , Hendrix An , Baeke Femke , De Rycke Riet , Gevaert Kris , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E.
Published: August 2021

Increasing evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously reported that the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, formed by the choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells, releases an increased amount of EVs into the CSF in response to peripheral inflammation. Here, we studied the importance of CP-mediated EV release in AD pathogenesis. We observed increased EV levels in the CSF of young transgenic APP/PS1 mice which correlated with high amyloid beta (Aβ) CSF levels at this age. The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Aβ oligomers (AβO) in wild-type mice revealed a significant increase of EVs in the CSF, signifying that the presence of CSF-AβO is sufficient to induce increased EV secretion. Using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo approaches, we identified the CP as a major source of the CSF-EVs. Interestingly, AβO-induced, CP-derived EVs induced pro-inflammatory effects in mixed cortical cultures. Proteome analysis of these EVs revealed the presence of several pro-inflammatory proteins, including the complement protein C3. Strikingly, inhibition of EV production using GW4869 resulted in protection against acute AβO-induced cognitive decline. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of this EV secretion might open up novel therapeutic strategies to impact the pathogenesis and progression of AD.
Age-stage, two-sex life table analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on maize and kidney bean
Authors: Xie Wen , Zhi Junrui , Ye Jiaqin , Zhou Yeming , Li Cao , Liang Yujian , Yue Wenbo , Li Dingyin , Zeng Guang , Hu Chaoxing
Published: August 2021

Background

Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), or fall armyworm, is one of major migratory agricultural pests with a wide range of hosts. The effect of different hosts (maize and kidney bean) on the growth and reproduction of S. frugiperda were investigated using the age-stage, two-sex life table method.

Results

The results showed that S. frugiperda could complete its entire life cycle on both hosts, albeit with significantly different development and reproduction. The durations of larval and pupal development were significantly prolonged whereas adult lifespan was shortened on kidney bean compared to maize. The differences of survival rates at each instar, prepupal and pupal stages between the two hosts were not statistically significant. The total pre-oviposition period was longer on kidney bean than that on maize (42.05 vs 39.04 days), but there was no difference in the oviposition rate (64.77 on kidney bean vs 62.48 on maize). The differences of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were nonsignificant, while the mean generation time on kidney bean (42.05 days) was significantly longer than that on maize (40.92 days).

Conclusions

The results indicate that S. frugiperda can grow and reproduce normally on both hosts, although maize is more suitable. Nonetheless, the data show that this pest is harmful when the population density is high or when the preferred host is scarce.

Graphic abstract
Paclitaxel and mortality in patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions: a historical cohort study
Authors: Gahide Gérald , Phaneuf Samuel C. , Cossette Mathilde , Banine Amine , Budimir Martina , Maghsoudloo Kourosh , Fei Phillip , Dou Bo Yi , Bouthillier Maxime , Alain Charles , Bradette Simon , Noel-Lamy Maxime , Belzile Francois , Bui Bao The , Despatis Marc Antoine , Vendrell Jean Francois
Published: August 2021

Objective

To compare the mortality rates of patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with and without paclitaxel coated devices (PCD).

Background

A recent meta-analysis, mostly including patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions but also with recurrent stenoses and critical limb ischemia, has shown a significant excess mortality in patients treated with PCD.

Methods

Comparison of two historical cohorts of patients presenting with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with and without PCD between 2008 and 2018.

Results

After review of 5219 arteriograms in patients presenting with peripheral artery disease, 700 consecutive patients were included consisting in 72.6% of male (n = 508). Mean age was 68.1 ± 8.5 years. 45.7% of the patients (n = 320) had a treatment including a PCD. Mean femoropopliteal lesion length was 123 ± 91 mm including 44.6% of occlusions. Patients of the control group were censored at crossover to paclitaxel when applicable. Mortality rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 4.6%, 7.5%, 19.4% and 1.6%, 6.2%, 16.6% in the non-PCD and PCD groups respectively. The relative risks of death when using PCD were 0.35 (p = 0.03), 0.83 (p = NS) and 0.86 (p = NS) at 1, 2 and 5 years respectively.

Conclusion

There was no excess mortality in patients with claudication and de novo femoropopliteal lesions treated with paclitaxel coated devices at 1, 2 and 5 years of follow-up in this cohort. The current study suggests that additional prospective randomized studies properly powered to study mortality are necessary.
Profiles of patients’ self-reported health after acute stroke
Authors: Rimmele D. Leander , Schrage Theresa , Lebherz Lisa , Kriston Levente , Gerloff Christian , Härter Martin , Thomalla Götz
Published: August 2021

Background

We aimed to identify groups of patients with similar health status after stroke, assessed by patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), to improve initial risk stratification.

Methods

In a prospective study, inpatients were recruited during acute stroke treatment. Demographics, history, and cardio-vascular risk factors were assessed at baseline. Self-reported functional status, physical and mental health as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed 3 and 12 months after stroke and used to identify latent classes. The association of patient characteristics with latent class membership was investigated with multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Of the 650 patients included with a mean age of 75 years and 48% female, 70% had ischemic, 6% hemorrhagic strokes, and 24% transient ischemic attacks. Median NIHSS on admission was 2 (IQR:0,5). Values of PROMs remained comparable at 3 and 12 months. A three-class model was developed, differentiating between patients with mildly (75%), moderately (17%), and severely (8%) impaired self-reported health status. Adjusted for univariately significant baseline characteristics, initial NIHSS distinguished mild- from moderate-, and moderate- from severe-class-membership (p < 0.001). Length of inpatient stay (p < 0.001;OR = 1.1), diabetes (p = 0.021;OR = 1.91), and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.004;OR = 2.20) predicted allocation to the moderately vs. mildly affected class.

Conclusions

Grading stroke patients by a standard set of PROMs up to 1 year after stroke allows to distinguish the diverse impact of baseline characteristics on differently affected groups. In addition to initial stroke severity, longer inpatient stay, presence of diabetes and atrial fibrillation correlate with greater impairment of self-reported health in the less affected groups.

Trial registration

http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03795948.
Recover the abnormal positioning, velocity and timing services caused by BDS satellite orbital maneuvers
Authors: Tu Rui , Zhang Rui , Zhang Pengfei , Han Junqiang , Fan Lihong , Lu Xiaochun
Published: August 2021

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) provides global Positioning, Velocity, And Timing (PVT) services that are widely used in various areas. The BDS satellites frequently need the orbit maneuvers due to various perturbations to keep satellites in their designed positions. During these maneuvers, PVT services may be abnormal if the data from a maneuvering satellite is used. In this paper we developed an approach to recover the abnormal PVT services. By using BDS observations from multiple tracking stations, the orbital errors of a maneuvering satellite can be in real time obtained and corrected, thereby avoiding any influence on the performance of PVT services. The tests show that the average precision of position, velocity and timing services are improved by 0.8 m, 0.1 mm/s and 0.16 ns, respectively, using the developed orbital maneuver recovery approach. In addition, the approach can also be used for the orbital maneuver detection and monitoring.
Professional Development, Shifting Perspectives, and Instructional Change among Community College Anatomy and Physiology Instructors
Authors: Hyson Audrey Rose , Bonham Branden , Hood Suzanne , Deutschman Megan C. , Seithers Laura C. , Hull Kerry , Jensen Murray
Published: August 2021

A study of how and why community college anatomy and physiology instructors shifted perspectives toward active learning following a yearlong professional development program.
‘Soother of mind’ – meditation in psychiatric disorders: a narrative review
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Bhide Shree Raksha , Arasappa Rashmi , Varambally Shivarama , Gangadhar Bangalore N.
Published: August 2021

Meditation, a component of ashtanga yoga, is an act of inward contemplation in which the mind fluctuates between a state of attention to a stimulus and complete absorption in it. Some forms of meditation have been found to be useful for people with psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression and substance use disorder. Evidence for usefulness of meditation for people with psychotic disorders is mixed, with reported improvements in negative symptoms but the emergence/precipitation of psychotic symptoms. This article narrates the benefits of meditation in psychiatric disorders, understanding meditation from the yoga perspective, biological aspects of meditation and practical tips for the practice of meditation. We also explain possible ways of modifying meditative practices to make them safe and useful for the patient population and useful overall as a society-level intervention.
Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma With Low 18F-FDG Uptake and the Absence of Glucose Transporter 1 Expression
Authors: Babaya Naru , Noso Shinsuke , Hiromine Yoshihisa , Taketomo Yasunori , Niwano Fumimaru , Monobe Keisuke , Imamura Shuzo , Ueda Kazuki , Yamazaki Yuto , Sasano Hironobu , Ikegami Hiroshi
Published: August 2021

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor, and some histological variants (oncocytic, myxoid, and sarcomatoid ACCs) have been reported in addition to the conventional ACC. Among these subtypes, oncocytic ACC is histologically characterized by the presence of abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm in the carcinoma cells owing to the accumulation of mitochondria, which generally yields high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we report the case of a 21-year-old woman with oncocytic ACC with low FDG uptake on PET scan. Her circulating levels of androgens were high, and androgen-synthesis enzymes were detected in carcinoma cells. The patient also had hypocholesterolemia. However, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was not detected in the tumor, which was considered to account for the low FDG uptake by the tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of low FDG uptake by oncocytic ACC without GLUT1 expression. Additionally, since hypocholesterolemia was reported in 3 previous reports of androgen-producing tumors, a possible correlation between androgenicity in adrenal tumors and the development of hypocholesterolemia could be postulated; however, further investigations are needed for clarification. This case highlights important information regarding the diversity of ACC and its impact on hypocholesterolemia.
Fiber-coupled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as safe and convenient light sources for the characterization of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Quereda Jorge , Zhao Quinghua , Diez Enrique , Frisenda Riccardo , Castellanos-Gomez Andrés
Published: August 2021

Optoelectronic device characterization requires to probe the electrical transport changes upon illumination with light of different incident powers, wavelengths, and modulation frequencies. This task is typically performed using laser-based or lamp + monochromator-based light sources, that result complex to use and costly to implement. Here, we describe the use of multimode fiber-coupled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a simple, low-cost alternative to more conventional light sources, and demonstrate their capabilities by extracting the main figures of merit of optoelectronic devices based on monolayer MoS2, i.e. optical absorption edge, photoresponsivity, response time and detectivity. The described light sources represent an excellent alternative for performing optoelectronic characterization experiments on a limited budget.
Identifying and Supporting the Needs of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residents Interested in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Boggs Elizabeth , Luttrell Harrison , Basco William , Brittan Mark , Jerardi Karen , Kessenich Jeri , Kondos Valien , O'Toole Jennifer , Solomon Jeffrey , Tarchichi Tony , Jenkins Ashley
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) became a subspecialty of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) in 2016. Starting in 2019, residency graduates are required to complete fellowship training to qualify for PHM board eligibility. These requirements pose unique challenges to internal medicine–pediatrics (med‐peds) residents interested in practicing combined adult hospital medicine (HM) and PHM.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the needs of med‐peds residents interested in PHM fellowship training and how the current PHM training environment can meet these needs.

METHODS

We conducted two cross‐sectional electronic survey studies: one of med‐peds residents and one of PHM fellowship program directors (FDs). Surveys were distributed to resident and FD listservs. Questions were designed using an iterative consensus process among authors. Responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Four hundred sixty‐six residents responded to the resident survey. Ninety‐six percent (n = 446) had considered a career in HM. Almost all (n = 456, 97.9%) respondents indicated a preference for a fellowship with both adult HM and PHM clinical training. Subspecialty designation decreased desire to pursue a career including PHM for 90.1% of respondents. Twenty‐eight (58.3%) FDs responded to the FD survey. Fifteen (53.6%) programs reported being able to accommodate adult HM and PHM clinical time.

CONCLUSION

The majority of resident respondents reported a desire for a PHM fellowship with clinical time in both PHM and adult HM. Approximately 30% of current US PHM fellowship programs can accommodate adult HM practice for med‐peds fellows, and many other programs would be willing to explore such opportunities.
An Initiative to Improve 30‐Day Readmission Rates Using a Transitions‐of‐Care Clinic Among a Mixed Urban and Rural Veteran Population
Authors: Griffin Benjamin R , Agarwal Neeru , Amberker Rachana , Perez Jeydith A Gutierrez , Eichorst Kelsi , Chapin Jennifer , Schweitzer Amy C , Hagiwara Mariko , Wu Chaorong , Eyck Patrick Ten , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Vaughan‐Sarrazin Mary , Kuperman Ethan F , Glenn Kevin , Jalal Diana I
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Hospital readmissions in the United States, especially in patients at high‐risk, cost more than $17 billion annually. Although care transitions is an important area of research, data are limited regarding its efficacy, especially among rural patients. In this study, we describe a novel transitions‐of‐care clinic (TOCC) to reduce 30‐day readmissions in a Veterans Health Administration setting that serves a high proportion of rural veterans.

METHODS

In this quality improvement initiative we conducted a pre‐post study evaluating clinical outcomes in adult patients at high risk for 30‐day readmission (Care Assessment Needs score > 85) discharged from the Iowa City Veterans Affairs (ICVA) Health Care System from 2017 to 2020. The ICVA serves 184,000 veterans across 50 counties in eastern Iowa, western Illinois, and northern Missouri, with more than 60% of these patients residing in rural areas. We implemented a multidisciplinary TOCC to provide in‐person or virtual follow‐up to high‐risk veterans after hospital discharge. The main purpose of this study was to assess how TOCC follow‐up impacted the monthly 30‐day patient readmission rate.

RESULTS

The TOCC resulted in a 19.2% relative reduction in 30‐day readmission rates in the 12‐month postimplementation period compared to the preimplementation period (9.2% vs 11.4%, P = .04). Virtual visits were more popular than in‐person visits among both urban and rural veterans. There was no difference in outcomes between these two follow‐up options, and both groups had reduced readmission rates compared to non‐TOCC follow‐up.

CONCLUSIONS

A multidisciplinary TOCC within the ICVA featuring both virtual and in‐person visits reduced the 30‐day readmission rate. This reduction was particularly notable among patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2021;16:583‐588.
Objective Measures of Physical Distancing in the Hospital During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Tatineni Swetha , Orlov Nicola M , Riehm Joseph M , Erondu Amarachi , Mozer Christine L , Cook David J , Byron Maxx , Mordell Lisa , Dimitrov Michael , Arora Vineet M
Published: August 2021

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospitals published physical‐distancing guidance and created dedicated respiratory isolation units (RIUs) for patients with COVID‐19. The degree to which such distancing occurred between clinicians and patients is unknown. In this study, heat sensors from an existing hospital hand‐hygiene monitoring system objectively tracked room entries as a proxy for physical distancing in both RIUs and general medicine units before and during the pandemic. The RIUs saw a 60.6% reduction in entries per room per day (from 85.7 to 33.8). General medicine units that cared for patients under investigation for COVID‐19 and other patients experienced a 14.7% reduction in entries per room per day (from 76.9 to 65.1). While gradual extinction was observed in both units as COVID‐19 cases declined, the RIUs had a higher degree of physical distancing. Although the optimal level of physical distancing is unknown, sustaining physical distancing in the hospital may require re‐education and real‐time monitoring.
Operations Design of Modular Vehicles on an Oversaturated Corridor with First-in, First-out Passenger Queueing
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Li Xiaopeng
Published: August 2021

Although urban transit systems (UTS) often have fixed vehicle capacity and relatively constant departure headways, they may need to accommodate dramatically fluctuating passenger demands over space and time, resulting in either excessive passenger waiting or vehicle capacity and energy waste. Therefore, on the one hand, optimal operations of UTS rely on accurate modeling of passenger queuing dynamics, which is particularly complex on a multistop transit corridor. On the other hand, capacities of transit vehicles can be made variable and adaptive to time-variant passenger demand so as to minimize energy waste, especially with the emergence of modular vehicle technologies. This paper investigates operations of a multistop transit corridor in which vehicles may have different capacities across dispatches. We specify skewed time coordinates to simplify the problem structure while incorporating traffic congestion. Then, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model that determines the optimal dynamic headways and vehicle capacities over the study time horizon to minimize the overall system cost for the transit corridor. In particular, the proposed model considers a realistic multistop first-in, first-out (MSFIFO) rule that gives the same boarding priority to passengers arriving at a station in the same time interval yet with different destinations. A customized dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is proposed to solve this model efficiently. To circumvent the rapid increase of the state space of a typical DP algorithm, we analyze the theoretical properties of the investigated problem and identify upper and lower bounds to a feasible solution. The bounds largely reduce the state space during the DP iterations and greatly improve the efficiency of the proposed DP algorithm. The state dimensions are also reduced with the MSFIFO rule such that all queues with different destinations at the same origin can be tracked with a single boarding position state variable at each stage. A hypothetical example and a real-world case study show that the proposed DP algorithm greatly outperforms a state-of-the-art commercial solver (Gurobi) in both solution quality and time.
VIDA DE MARIA EM TERRAS DE MARIANO: MARIA, A PRIMEIRA MULHER NEGRA A CONCLUIR O PROEJA NO COLÉGIO TÉCNICO INDUSTRIAL DE SANTA MARIA (CTISM).
Authors: Budiño Nara Zari Lemos , Pommer Roselene M Gomes
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo faz parte da dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Profissional e Tecnológica da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-RS, que teve por título “Ações Afirmativas para a educação profissional e tecnológica: Negros e Negras no Colégio Técnico e Industrial de Santa Maria”.   Analisamos os Ciclos de Estudos sobre História e Culturas Afro-brasileira que ocorrem no CTISM desde 2010. No artigo em questão analisamos a trajetória de uma partir de uma mulher negra, pobre e periférica, aluna do CTISM. Nossa fonte de pesquisa foi um documentário institucional, produzido em 2015, pelos alunos do Colégio Técnico Industrial de Santa Maria para o Ciclo de Estudos sobre História e Culturas Afro-brasileira.  Como mote do trabalho analisamos a importância de uma educação onmilateral para enfrentar a luta de classes, bem como as contradições impostas à nossa personagem em uma sociedade machista e racista.
Sustentabilidade para quem? Um olhar da crítica pós-colonial para impressões ambientais e telúricas em Angola
Authors: Pereira da Silva Flora , Pantoja Selma
Published: August 2021

Este artigo procura demonstrar como as nuances de interpretação sobre meio ambiente das sociedades que compõem o sistema-mundo hoje, em particular no contexto angolano, foram formadas ao longo de uma história global de colonização e dominação do Norte sobre o Sul, não apenas econômica e cultural, mas também ambiental. A partir de um olhar da crítica pós-colonial e da ecologia política, abordo a dança de influências e percepções entre a agenda internacional e a regional sobre as noções de meio ambiente e terra, analisando o peso da hegemonia das epistemologias ocidentais e capitalistas na construção e na ideia específica desses conceitos, entendendo como estes são absorvidos e emanados em Angola e seu Sul. As vozes que permeiam e dão o tom ao artigo são as de dez entrevistadas e entrevistados angolanos que trazem suas impressões ambientais e telúricas sobre as dinâmicas locais.
Diamantes de sangue e excrementos do diabo: análise dos efeitos do discurso da maldição de recursos naturais na África
Authors: Fuel Tomás Heródoto
Published: August 2021

Os recursos naturais dos países em desenvolvimento têm má fama, (os diamantes são de sangue e o petróleo são excrementos do diabo) esta parece ser a conclusão mais óbvia e consentânea com os insights produzidos pela abundante literatura sobre maldição de recursos naturais nascida do estudo seminal de Richard Auty. Estudioso que não só pavimentou o caminho seguido pela crescente literatura do resource curse e sua derivada presource curse, como também introduziu uma perspectiva maniqueísta na análise do contributo econômico da exploração de recursos naturais, atualmente vista como benção ou maldição. Pelo itinerário metodológico que partiu da ontologia do realismo crítico e combinou a epistemologia pós-colonial e o método da análise do discurso crítica, procurou-se responder: quais são as relações de poder subjacentes ao discurso de maldição de recursos e, como é que os países africanos reagem aos efeitos da sua reprodução. Concluiu-se apontando a ação de uma “frente académica”, a revisão do quadro institucional, dos contratos comerciais, o surgimento de partidos políticos que reivindicam a nacionalização dos recursos e a emergência de movimentos de ocupação de terras como estratégias de retoma da soberania sobre os recursos e contenção de sua hemorragia.
VOZES SEM FRONTEIRAS: MANIFESTAÇÕES (DES)AUTORIZADAS DOS SUJEITO LOUCO E LIVRE
Authors: Pereira Diana Gonzaga
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O processo de descolonização das colônias africanas de domínio português gerou incontáveis consequências, nas esferas social, econômica, política, entre tantas outras. Neste sentido, a necessidade de construção e de afirmação da identidade dos sujeitos desse contexto se torna rica matéria de estudo. Sendo assim, o que se delineia nesta análise é a observação desses sujeitos, no cenário angolano, bem como o surgimento de vozes que buscam dizer o “não-dito” e denunciar as mazelas pelas quais passa a nova sociedade independente. São, portanto, esses discursos – comumente, desautorizados e, curiosamente, livres – proferidos por sujeitos à margem, o nosso principal objeto, a saber: os mais-velhos, as crianças e o louco.
Symptoms of dementia or post-traumatic stress disorder? Under-recognised behaviours in veterans with dementia
Authors: Hutchinson Deborah , Isaacs Martin , Chamberlain Lucy , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: August 2021

Background:

The veteran community are at increased risk of poor mental health and developing dementia as a result of their miliary service, with the potential to lead to delayed onset post-traumatic stress disorder (DOPTSD). The manifestation of DOPTSD may be misinterpreted as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which create difficulties in caring for the person experiencing these distressing symptoms.

Aims:

This paper details the development of a screening tool for people with dementia, which aims to reframe and contextualise some of the behaviours under the lens of historic traumatic events.

Methods:

The utility of the screening tool is demonstrated through the presentation and an analysis of an anonymised case study to support nurse practice development.

Conclusions:

A trauma history tool offers a more comprehensive and interpretive view of the possible historic, trauma-related causes of current behaviours and can aid informal carers' understanding of the stress and distress reactions of their family members.
Establishment of Rice Quality Prediction Model for Intermittent Drying
Authors: Song Qi , Wei Xinhua
Published: August 2021

Highlights

This study explored the feasibility of developing an evaluation method for rice quality.

A unified quality scale for different drying cycles facilitates evaluation of rice quality after drying.

A head rice yield (HRY) prediction model was established that fit well with the actual HRY.

The established HRY prediction model can be used as a performance index for optimization of rice drying.

Abstract. Intelligent control of the drying process is important to achieve better rice quality. An effective quality evaluation method is the basis for intelligent control of rice drying. To study the effects of intermittent drying on the quality of paddy rice and explore the feasibility of establishing a quality evaluation method, intermittent drying experiments were conducted with variety Nanjing 9108 (Oryza sativa L.). The paddy samples were dried from an initial moisture content of 23.10% to 14% wet basis (w.b.). The paddy samples were initially dried at 60°C to various moisture contents without tempering. These pre-dried samples were then dried using different drying temperatures to obtain specific moisture content reductions, tempered, and then dried again at 60°C to the final moisture content of 14% w.b. without tempering. After drying, the quality parameters of the paddy samples were measured and analyzed. The R2 values of the head rice yield (HRY) prediction model, chalkiness prediction model, and protein prediction model established in this study were 0.75, 0.44, and 0.26, respectively. The HRY prediction model was shown to accurately predict HRY in the intermittent drying experiments. Within the range of the model parameters, the effectiveness of the HRY prediction model was explored by constant-temperature intermittent drying and variable-temperature intermittent drying. The results showed that if the summation of the predicted changes in HRY is large, then the measured HRY will be large. Therefore, the HRY prediction model can be used as a performance index for rolling optimization of the paddy drying process. Keywords: Head rice yield, Intermittent drying, Prediction model, Rice quality.
Experiment and Optimization of High-Efficiency Mechanical Separation of Peanut Seedlings and Residual Film Based on Suspension Velocity
Authors: Gu Fengwei , Yang Meng , Hu Zhichao , Zhang Yanhua , Zhang Chong , Wang Shenying
Published: August 2021

Highlights

An efficient method for separating peanut seedlings and residual film harvested from film-mulched peanut was proposed, and the mechanism was optimized.

The relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials were studied.

Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were carried out and analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was determined.

A validation test was carried out to verify the rationality and accuracy of the optimized regression model.

Abstract. To address the problems of lower residual film removal and higher material loss in the forage utilization of peanut seedlings wrapped in residual film, this study explored the relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials derived from peanut seedlings and conducted performance tests and parameter optimization for a machine that uses peanut seedlings as forage material. Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were designed using the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans and the frequency of the vibrating sieve as test factors, and using the residual film removal rate and material loss rate as response values. The test results indicated that the suspension velocity of the shredded materials showed a quadratic relationship with moisture content. The performance tests showed that the significance sequence of the test factors for the residual film removal rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the upper fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, and frequency of the vibrating sieve. The significance sequence for the material loss rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, frequency of the vibrating sieve, and rotational speed of the upper fans. The parameter optimization and validation test showed that the residual film removal rate was 92.71% and the material loss rate was 8.19% when the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans were 1650, 770, and 665 rpm, respectively, and the frequency of the vibrating sieve was 4 Hz. The relative errors between the validation test results and the predicted values from the regression models were less than 3%, which suggests that the regression models are reliable. This study provides a reference for the forage utilization of peanut seedlings harvested from film-mulched peanut and provides a reference for determining the optimal working parameters of forage processing machines. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Box-Behnken experiment, Optimization, Peanut film-seedling separation, Suspension velocity.
Dialekte im DaF-Unterricht? Ja, aber... Konturen eines Konzepts für den Aufbau einer rezeptiven Varietätenkompetenz
Authors: Studer Thomas
Published: August 2021

Sollen Dialekte im DaF-Unterricht berücksichtigt werden? Neuere Untersuchungen zu den Einstellungen gegenüber Varietäten des Deutschen bei DaF-Lehrenden und -Lernenden (z.B. Baßler / Spiekermann 2001) weisen darauf hin, dass bezüglich dieser Frage eine gewisse Verunsicherung besteht. Der vorliegende Beitrag reagiert auf diese Verunsicherung, indem er einen Orientierungsrahmen entwirft, der es erlaubt, den Dialekten im Unterricht positiv, aber reflektiert zu begegnen. Im Einzelnen werden folgende Fragen diskutiert: Wie lässt sich die Integration von Dialekten in den Unterricht begründen? Unter welchen Voraussetzungen und auf welchen Stufen ist es sinnvoll, Dialekte zu behandeln? Wie und in welchem Umfang könnte das erfolgen? Was genau könnte eine Dialektkompetenz beinhalten und welche sprachlichen Teilfertigkeiten sollten im Zentrum stehen? Welche (und wieviele) Dialekte sollten berücksichtigt werden? Welche Rolle spielt der Lernort? - Aus der Diskussion dieser Fragen resultiert ein Konzept für einen erweiterten Erwerb des Deutschen als Fremdsprache, zu dem an erster Stelle eine breitere Wahrnehmungstoleranz gegenüber Standardvarietäten des Deutschen gehört und der sich dann auch, im Bereich der soziokulturellen und rezeptiven Kompetenzen, auf Dialekte erstreckt.
Der Beitrag ist aus einer Deutschschweizer Perspektive geschrieben, bietet aber Kriterien an, die auf verschiedene Lernsituationen im deutschsprachigen Inland und im Ausland bezogen werden können.
Das generische Maskulinum im Deutschen. Ein historischer Spaziergang durch die deutsche Grammatikschreibung von der Renaissance bis zur Postmoderne
Authors: Doleschal Ursula
Published: August 2021

The concern of the present article is the evolution of the "generic masculine" in German as it is reflected in the grammars of the German language from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Grammarians recognized the ability of all masculine personal nouns to refer to both sexes only by the beginning of the 20th century and an adequate description is found as late as the 1960s. Formerly, women and men used to be segregated by grammatical description. The history of this process is being explored in detail and illustrated by citations from original works.
Geschlechtsspezifische Formulierungen in Stellenangeboten (Gender-specific language in job advertisements)
Authors: Greve Melanie , Iding Marion , Schmusch Bärbel
Published: August 2021

This article presents the results of a comprehensive empirical evaluation of 11,369 job advertisements in eleven German newspapers and periodicals. The authors' goal was to find examples of open and implicit gender discrimination. Where they could not detect any such examples, they analysed the way in which the advertisements addressed men and women alike. Given the grammar of the German language, it can be difficult to achieve non-discriminatory language, but there are a number of solutions to this problem. This paper shows how they are applied to job advertisements.
Der Chat als Textsorte und/oder als Dialogsorte?
Authors: Hess-Lüttich Ernest W. B. , Wilde Eva
Published: August 2021

Until recently, German linguists seemed not very interested in chatting as a type of discourse. Today, sending mails and SMS-messages as well as chatting are common ways of electronic communication and, therefore, new objects of linguistic investigation. The following paper gives a short outline of current research on chatting and, based on material collected by Swiss students, discusses forms and functions of chatting as a new media specific type of discourse somewhere between letter and conversation. What the various forms described have in common are the technical conditions of communication and its specific setting. Chatting is regarded as a hybrid medium between written text and spoken language. This leads to some theoretical and structural consequences for the textual mode of this sort of dialogue. They need further analysis and empirical observation. This applies also to their sociolinguistic aspects of the specific jargon used and their functional aspects of phatic communion comparing chats and everyday conversations.
Sprache und Revolution
Authors: Trabant Jürgen
Published: August 2021

Language is a dangerous thing in revolutionary times since it implies old, wild, non rational thought which does not fit into the brave new world of rationally enlightened political affairs. How to make our (linguistically obscure) ideas clear is the philosophical and political problem of the Revolution. The paper sketches the development of the revolutionary language theory from Bacon via Locke and Condillac. And it shows how the French Revolution fights against that wild thought in language by a politics of annihilation of the regional languages and of purification of the French language itself. Even if France today is trying to find a way back to a politics of linguistic diversity, the global revolution of languages is more likely to win.
Plädoyer für eine linguistische Partizipation an einem konstruktivistisch begründeten, kulturwissenschaftlichen Projekt transdisziplinärer Forschung am Beispiel der Interkulturellen Kommunikation
Authors: Hornscheidt Antje
Published: August 2021

In my article I take a constructivist perspective as a starting point. Giving some introductory remarks on the role of language and the constitution of meaning within a constructivist framework, the article discusses the role and relevance of Critical Discourse Analysis and Cognitive Linguistics within this frame for cultural studies. It is argued that a transdisciplinary approach is most valuable for a research taking the importance of linguistic processes for cultural analysis into account. Following especially Fauconnier (1999) and Verschueren (1999), the importance of a pragmatic and cognitive-linguistic approach to language is underlined. To exemplify the consequences that a transdisciplinary approach could have, the article focuses on the way intercultural communication has been conceptualized within linguistics so far. The critical analysis of traditional research on and conceptualization of intercultural communication shows, how a constructivist perspective can widen the scope of linguistic research.
Spontanschreibung im Chat
Authors: Burri Gabriela
Published: August 2021

In this article spontaneous writing in chat communication is analyzed in two aspects. On one hand, the spelling forms found here show some language change tendencies in the German spoken language. On the other hand, the article tries to describe on which writing conventions these spontaneous spellings are based.
Zur Darstellung nonverbalen Verhaltens in deutschen und schwedischen IRC-Chats. Eine Korpusuntersuchung
Authors: Pankow Christiane
Published: August 2021

The starting point of this paper is the assumption that communication in chat channels is a special kind of computer-mediated discourse in a written (typed) form but with several qualities of oral communication. The paper includes a description of a corpus, which was created by a longitudinal measurement of five German and three Swedish chat channels during two weeks (5th – 19th February 2001). The analysis focuses on those sequences of the discourse which are marked by asterisks like in German chats: *zwinker *, *mitdenfüßennachderfernbedienungfisch* and in Swedish chats: *skrattar * [lach-1-3.Pers.Sg.+Pl.], *börja stappla iväg mot lindsie*[anfang-INFINITIV geh-INFINITIV zu lindsie]. These sequences, which I call *phrases, are linguistically as well as functionally interesting; in both languages namely, they have a special morpho-syntactical structure and are used to represent nonverbal communication like body language, facial expressions and situations or/and activities which accompany the chat discourse in real life.
The paper discusses the different verbal structures of the *phrases as well as their nonverbal functions. Among other things, I show that the German *Phrases mostly represent phonations, gestures and facial expressions; they mostly imitate the oral discourse. In these *phrases, the Swedish chat users very often describe the circumstances of the situation where the chat discourse takes place like activities, real place and surroundings of the real life situation.
Zweifelsfälle in der Wortstellung im 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Konopka Marek
Published: August 2021

The syntactic rules of today's High German are generally thought to have crystallized during the 18th century. One can therefore expect that during that time the processes of grammaticalization had a particular influence on doubtful cases in the usage of language. The syntactic development varied from region to region and was accompanied by theoretical controversies. One of the controversial issues was word order. The debates focused primarily on the order in verbal complexes and on the possibility of extraposing simple components and dependent clauses. This paper is based on the assumption that the theoretical controversies in some way reflected the doubtful cases in the usage of language. In order to identify the actual variants, the theoretical controversies will be outlined first. Then the analysis will focus on whether and how these variants were used in a corpus of 18th century texts. The objective is to determine the language-internal, sociological, and geographical factors of the variants' usage and thus to model the situations in which the doubtful cases ocurred. In conclusion, the following issues will be discussed: the relationship between the doubtful cases and diachronic language developments, the language-external factors of the doubtful cases, and the approach of language theorists to doubtful cases.
Wörter im Zweifel. Ansätze einer linguistisch begründeten kritischen Semantik
Authors: Kilian Jörg
Published: August 2021

Within the framework of pronunciation, morphology, and syntax, linguistic doubts and uncertainties belong to the everyday business and everyday life of linguists and public speakers. Cases of lexical semantic doubts, however, have been brushed aside by post-Saussurian and all the more by post-Bloomfieldian linguists so far. This paper deals with such lexical semantic doubts and uncertainties which not only rise from language use within "parole" but are caused by a conflict of opposite or even contradictory language norms of different "langue"-varieties (e.g. the adjective positive as a medical term and in everyday colloquial language). Proceeding from an intensive discussion of the relationship between language use, language norms, and language system with special reference to Saussure, Hjelmslev, and Coseriu, the paper presents a theoretical approach to linguistically founded criticism of semantic norms by way of embedding lexical semantics into a framework of "Existenzweisen" (focusing on language use, norms, and system), "Existenzformen" (in particular norms of special discourses and varieties), and "language history and social stratification" (in particular age-based vocabularies and semantics). Finally, the paper turns this theoretic approach into practice by way of describing, explaining, and solving semantic doubts of the German word Zigeuner (gipsy). This example taken from the discourse on "political correctness" is investigated in the broader context of the word's historical, semantic, and pragmatic dimensions in different German discourses and varieties. The systematic relations between the various usages are presented in the form of a pragmatic and semantic network displaying the interconnections and borders between the meanings and gives recommendations to the word's use.
Learning to Disambiguate Syntactic Relations
Authors: Schneider Gerold
Published: August 2021

Natural Language is highly ambiguous, on every level. This article describes a fast broad-coverage state-of-the-art parser that uses a carefully hand-written grammar and probability-based machine learning approaches on the syntactic level. It is shown in detail which statistical learning models based on Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE) can support a highly developed linguistic grammar in the disambiguation process.