bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Prototype for the Acquisition of Biopotentials Implementing a New Interconnection Method for Shielding
Authors: Texis-Texis Gerardo , Gallegos-Funes Francisco Javier , Urriolagoitia-Sosa Guillermo , Romero-Ángeles Beatriz , Urriolagoitia-Calderón Guillermo , Rosales-Silva Alberto Jorge , Velázquez-Lozada Erick
Published: February 2025

A biological system can emit signals, and if these signals are correctly acquired, they can provide valuable information about the processes occurring within the system, enhancing our knowledge of the biological system. For this reason, we present a prototype system for acquiring various biopotentials using a main module that integrates amplification, high-pass filtering, band-reject filtering, and offset adjustment stages. This configuration allows for adjustable gain when working with different biopotentials and includes dedicated filtering modules for each biopotential type. We also propose a new topology for the shielded controller used in the interconnection between electrodes and the amplification stage to reduce noise introduced by the electrical network. Biopotentials acquired using the proposed topology show improved noise reduction and signal definition compared to those acquired using other topologies found in the literature. The design of the proposed system utilizes basic electronics, making it a low-cost solution. Ultimately, the system is simple, efficient, and suitable for applications requiring the acquisition of multiple types of biopotentials.
Wastewater Remediation Treatments Aimed at Water Reuse: Recent Outcomes from Pilot- and Full-Scale Tests
Authors: Ferri Elida Nora , Bolelli Luca
Published: February 2025

Remediated water reuse is becoming vital for sustainable water management, reducing the strain on freshwater resources, particularly in agriculture and industrial activities. Behind the application in irrigating crops and the reuse in industrial processes, treated water should be employed for indirect and direct potable use. In the latter case, the traditional approaches to wastewater treatment have been found to be inefficient, especially concerning biological contamination, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and/or contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Given that, according to its origin and to its foreseen use, each wastewater needs a specific treatment. A plethora of new or improved materials, combinations of different treatments and check analyses are continuously developed and tested at laboratory scale, the first, necessary but not sufficient, step towards the solution. Various innovative treatments were tested at the pilot scale, and a reduced number of procedures were applied at the full scale, resulting in significant production of remediated water of the desired quality. The present review focuses on the most recent outcomes obtained from remediation procedures applied at both scales and discusses the gaps which still hinder the exploitation of new solutions and the advancements obtained in real-scale application.
Method for Detecting Tiny Defects on Machined Surfaces of Mechanical Parts Based on Object Recognition
Authors: Li Haotian , Wang Zhen , Qiu Lipeng , Wei Xichu
Published: February 2025

In response to the high missed detection rates and low efficiency of traditional methods in detecting tiny defects on the machining surfaces of mechanical parts, this study proposes an efficient defect detection method based on deep learning. Initially, referencing the network architectures of Resnet and Yolo, an image detection network was designed featuring a shared encoder, a classification decoder, and a localization decoder. The shared encoder is used to extract a unified feature representation; the classification decoder accomplishes efficient data classification; and the localization decoder achieves precise defect localization. Furthermore, upon acquiring high-resolution images of the machining surfaces with dimensional features, this study introduces a real-time sliding window method to perform segmented detection and classification of these images, transforming most of the target detection tasks into image classification problems, thereby further enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of defect detection and target localization. Practical results demonstrate that this method outperforms traditional approaches in terms of missed detection rates and detection efficiency, effectively addressing the challenge of detecting complex machining surface defects, and providing a high-precision, high-efficiency defect detection solution for the mechanical part machining field.
Bounded Model Checking of Dense-Timed Deontic Interpreted Systems: A Satisfiability Modulo Theories Approach
Authors: Woźna-Szcześniak Bożena , Szcześniak Ireneusz , Olszewski Ireneusz
Published: February 2025

Automated verification through the analysis of system models is often recommended to evaluate the correctness of safety-critical systems. Failures in such systems can have serious effects on both individuals and hardware. Historically, many automated verification techniques, including model checking, have been proposed and used to ensure the reliable development of real-time multi-agent systems (RTMASs). This paper investigates the use of Satisfiability Modulo Theories-based bounded model checking (SMT-based BMC) for the existential fragment of deontic epistemic metric temporal logic (EMTLKD), interpreted on models generated by dense-timed deontic interpreted systems (DTDISs). Specifically, we address the translation of the existential model checking problem for EMTLKD into the existential model checking problem for a variant of a deontic epistemic linear temporal logic (ELTLKDq). Additionally, we present an SMT-based BMC approach tailored for ELTLKDq and illustrate its effectiveness using a faulty train controller system as a representative example. Our approach is particularly applicable to engineering domains requiring high-assurance verification, such as railway control, autonomous vehicle coordination, and industrial automation. By formally verifying both timing and compliance constraints, our method supports engineers and system designers in developing more reliable and certifiable safety-critical systems before deployment.
Assessing the Frequency, Duration, and Spatial Extent of Summertime Extreme Dew Point Conditions in the Southeastern USA, 1973–2022
Authors: Strelkow Alexandra , Mitchell Tyler J. , Knapp Paul A. , Ortegren Jason T.
Published: February 2025

The population of the southeastern USA is exposed to frequent extreme summertime high heat and humidity and is thus vulnerable to the resulting human thermal stress. Regional dew point variability in the USA is relatively underexplored in the literature compared to extreme heat. Here, we analyze hourly summer dew point data from 34 cities in the region during the period 1973–2022 (n = 50) to identify annual values of extreme dew point hours (EDH) and extreme dew point days (EDD). Regionally, significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive trends for both EDH (rs = 0.28, R2 = 0.078, +1.53 EDH/year) and EDD (rs = 0.30, R2 = 0.086, +0.05 EDD/year) occurred, although not all stations had increased dew point temperatures. Rather, positive changes are most concentrated among stations located along the upper Piedmont of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Conversely, no significant (i.e., p < 0.05) differences in either aggregate mean values of EDH or EDD occurred when splitting the data into early (1973–1997) and late (1998–2022) periods. High summer values of EDH and EDD are associated with variability in the 500 hPa geopotential height flow over North America. In particular, anomalous high pressure over the Gulf of Alaska is associated with the highest frequencies of summer extreme dew points in the study area, and vice versa. This connection to slow-changing ocean–atmosphere variability could lead to enhanced predictability of periods of extreme high dew point conditions in the Southeast, with implications for human well-being.
Enhancing Geomagnetic Disturbance Predictions with Neural Networks: A Case Study on K-Index Classification
Authors: Altaibek Aizhan , Zhumabayev Beibit , Sarsembayeva Aiganym , Nurtas Marat , Zakir Diana
Published: February 2025

To explore the application of neural networks for estimating geomagnetic field disturbances, this study pays particular attention to K-index classification. The primary goal is to develop a robust and efficient method for classifying different levels of geomagnetic activity using neural networks. Our work encompasses data preprocessing, model architecture optimization, and a thorough evaluation of classification performance. A new neural-network approach is proposed to address the specific complexities of geomagnetic data, and its merits are compared with those of conventional techniques. Notably, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models significantly outperformed traditional methods, achieving up to 98% classification accuracy. These findings demonstrate that neural networks can be effectively applied in geomagnetic studies, supporting AI-based forecasting and enabling further integration into space weather research
Investigation of the Dynamic Characteristics of PM2.5 Dispersion During the Acceleration of Motor Vehicles in Urban Streets Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Ding Jiawei , Mei Dan , Liu Bowen , Gao Mingwei , Cui Jiale
Published: February 2025

Vehicle acceleration typically occurs at traffic lights, intersections, or congested sections within urban streets, where high densities of pedestrians and vehicles pose a direct threat to respiratory health due to PM2.5 dispersion. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, combined with the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) method, are used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of PM2.5 dispersion during vehicle acceleration. The DMD method can effectively analyze the dynamic change in pollutant concentration in an unsteady flow field and clarify the influence mechanism of vehicle acceleration on pollutant dispersion. The results indicate that PM2.5 dispersion during the initial stage of acceleration is primarily influenced by low-frequency and large-scale flows, such as exhaust emissions, natural wind, and trailing vortices. In the middle stage, PM2.5 dispersion tends to stabilize, while in the final stage, high-frequency modes dominate, and intense flow field fluctuations significantly enhance PM2.5 dispersion. Furthermore, the analysis reveals the critical role of upward and downward airflow phenomena around the vehicle in driving PM2.5 dispersion. This study offers a new perspective on the dispersion characteristics of PM2.5 under unsteady flow conditions in urban streets and provides a scientific basis for developing speed management strategies to mitigate the impact of pollutant dispersion.
Health and Economic Benefits of Accelerating the PM10 Interim Targets in Brazil’s New Air Quality Resolution: A Case Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: Alves Laucas e Myrrha Luiz Henrique , Loukili Yasmin Fawzia Cardoso , Silveira Gustavo de Oliveira , Tavella Ronan Adler , Bonifácio Alicia da Silva , Brum Rodrigo de Lima , Pereira Natália , da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Air pollution, particularly from coarse particulate matter (PM10), is a major public health concern, significantly contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially among vulnerable populations. In 2024, Brazil introduced a new air quality resolution (CONAMA Resolution No. 506/2024), aligning its ultimate goal with the World Health Organization’s 2021 guidelines while establishing specific timelines for the interim targets. However, these interim targets, set for 2025, 2033, and 2044, along with the absence of a deadline for the final target of 15 µg/m3, raise concerns about their adequacy in addressing the urgent health impacts of air pollution. This study evaluates the economic and public health benefits of accelerating these targets in the city of Rio Grande, a region characterized by an industrial and port-driven economy and an aging population particularly vulnerable to air pollution. Using health impact assessments, economic cost analyses, and mortality estimates, we modeled three scenarios with PM10 concentration limits of 30 µg/m3, 20 µg/m3, and 15 µg/m3, corresponding to the resolution’s 2033 and 2044 goals and the undated final target. Our findings indicate that achieving the 15 µg/m3 target by 2025 could prevent 2568 respiratory hospitalizations, 1551 cardiac hospitalizations, and 1128 air pollution-related deaths in Rio Grande, resulting in approximately BRL 7.3 million in healthcare savings. When extrapolated to cities with similar pollution profiles across Brazil, these results suggest substantial potential for reducing the health burdens and economic costs nationwide. This study underscores the urgent need to establish more ambitious timelines in Brazil’s air quality policies to maximize public health benefits and mitigate the economic impacts of air pollution.
Robust Positively Invariant Conditions for Perturbed Linear Discrete-Time Systems Using Dual Optimization
Authors: Yang Hongli , Lei Yuyao , Ivanov Ivan Ganchev
Published: February 2025

This paper presents both sufficient and necessary conditions for polyhedral sets and symmetric polyhedral sets to be robust positively invariant sets within perturbed linear discrete-time systems. These conditions are derived through the application of optimization and dual optimization theory. By leveraging the definition of a robust positively invariant set and employing the Pontryagin difference, we have obtained robust positively invariant conditions in optimized forms. Through the use of dual optimization theory, various equivalent forms are introduced, offering additional tools for verifying that polyhedral sets are indeed robust positively invariant sets for perturbed linear discrete-time dynamic systems. The efficacy of these conclusions is further evidenced by numerical examples.
Superconvergence of Mixed Finite Element Method with Bernstein Polynomials for Stokes Problem
Authors: Sun Lanyin , Wen Siya , Dong Ziwei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we employ interpolation and projection methodologies to establish a superconvergence outcome for the Stokes problem, as approximated by the mixed finite element method (FEM) utilizing Bernstein polynomial basis functions. It is widely recognized that the convergence rate of the FEM in the L2-norm is O(hm+2). However, this paper presents an innovative superconvergence result: specifically, in terms of the L2-norm, the error convergence rate between the mixed finite element approximate solution and the local projection is O(hm+2), with m denoting the order of the Bernstein polynomial basis function.
Safety of Switching from a Reference Biologic to Its Biosimilar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Aljahili Sarah Saad , Alshuwairikh Samar Sami , AlKhaldi Ahmed , Althiban Abeer , Hafiz Radwan , Korayem Ghazwa B. , Alkofide Hadeel
Published: February 2025

Background: Biosimilars are designed to closely resemble their reference biologics in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy, with only minor variations in clinically inactive components and manufacturing methods. Evaluating the safety of switching between these products is critical for healthcare providers and patients. Concerns may arise when transitioning patients from a reference biologic to a biosimilar or between different biosimilars. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the frequency of adverse events associated with switching from a reference biologic to its biosimilar, using data derived from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE and Cochrane Central databases from their inception to December 2024. Studies included RCTs that reported adverse reactions related to switching between reference-to-reference biologics and reference-to-biosimilar biologics. Record screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Random effects models were applied to pool crude outcome data. Results: The search identified 668 abstracts, with an additional 14 studies found through hand-searching review articles. Of these, 12 trials involving 1326 participants in the reference–reference group and 1176 participants in the reference–biosimilar group met the inclusion criteria. The frequency of adverse events, serious adverse events, and treatment-related adverse events did not differ significantly between the reference–reference and reference–biosimilar groups: relative risk (RR) = 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–1.08), RR = 1.06 (95% CI, 0.68–1.65), and RR = 1.03 (95% CI, 0.66–1.59), respectively. Heterogeneity was generally low to moderate across outcomes, and subgroup analyses based on disease type and reference product showed no differences. Conclusions: Switching between reference biologics and biosimilars demonstrates a comparable safety profile, suggesting that both options are viable. However, the findings are limited by the small number of trials and the scope of patient populations and products studied. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021267205.
Assessment of Germplasm Improvement in Three Farmed Grass Carp Populations Based on Genetic Variability
Authors: Shen Zhongyuan , Shao Liming , Liu Xixi , Li Haiqi , Guo Haipeng , Qin Lang , Luo Kaikun , Li Wuhui , Wang Jing , Li Shengnan , Gu Qianhong , Guo Liang , Huang Xu , Qin Qinbo , Liu Shaojun
Published: February 2025

The assessment of genetic improvement was comprehensively analyzed using the mtDNA Cyt b gene and SSR markers among three farmed grass carp populations caught in May 2024. The results of an mtDNA Cyt b gene analysis in 198 individuals showed that the haplotype diversity index (Hi) and nucleotide diversity index (Pi) were 0.555 and 0.00058, respectively. The results of the analysis of SSR marker data in 196 individuals indicated that the unequal dosage amplification at the same locus was found in the CC population. Moreover, the total number of alleles (A: 338), number of alleles per locus (Na: 15.36), observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.8391), expected heterozygosity (He: 0.8380), and polymorphic information content (PIC: 0.8191) in the KC population was relatively higher than that in the CC (A: 129; Na: 5.86; Ho: 0.0025; He: 0.6191; PIC: 0.5747) and CY (A: 293; Na: 8.77; Ho: 0.821; He: 0.7483; and PIC: 0.5747) populations. The FST and AMOVA analysis showed the existence of a significant differentiation (p < 0.001), with a high genetic differentiation between the CC and CY populations. In summary, a high genetic variability exists in the KC population, while the father (CY) and mother (CC) populations have relatively low genetic variability. This study reveals evidence of the existence of a “micro-hybrid”. Moreover, the results demonstrated that combining both gynogenesis and backcross breeding technology is vital for the genetic improvement of grass carp. Moreover, continuous research into the genetic health of these populations is required as well as support for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial breeding.
Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) of Common Bean Using Host Resistance and Consortia of Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Parajuli Pratikshya , Yadav Ritesh Kumar , Manandhar Hira Kaji , Parajulee Megha N.
Published: February 2025

Rhizoctonia root rot and web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the destructive diseases of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A two-year study was conducted (2019–2021) to evaluate the common bean landraces and genotype, biocontrol agents, and chemical fungicides against the pathogen. Nine landraces from high-altitude agriculture in the Jumla district in western Nepal (29.27443900, 82.19332200; 2540 m msl) and one genotype of commercial common bean from the sub-tropical Chitwan district in central Nepal (27.65186564, 84.34869288; 256 m masl) were evaluated for resistance against the pathogen under screenhouse and field conditions. All were found highly susceptible to the pathogen and the highest lesion length (3.02 cm) was measured in the Rato Male Simi followed by Rato Sano Chhirke Simi (2.40 cm) in Chitwan conditions. Three chemical fungicides—SAAF™ (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP), Vitavax® (carboxin 37.5% + thiram 37.5% DS), and Nativo® (tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% w/w (75 WG)—and three biocontrol agents—Trichoderma viride (109 cfu/mL), Pseudomonas fluorescens (109 cfu/mL), and Bacillus subtilis (108 cfu/mL)—were evaluated as seed and soil treatments in fourteen different combinations against R. solani. SAAF™ and Vitavax® were found highly effective as they completely suppressed the incidence of pre-emergence damping off. SAAF™ was equally effective followed by Vitavax® and Nativo® in suppressing post-emergence damping off. On the other hand, the highest disease incidence (26.63%) was recorded in treatment where seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 g per kg of FYM slurry along with soil application with Pseudomonas fluorescens formulation at the rate of 10 kg per ha with 50 kg FYM was applied, whereas the lowest disease incidence (4.96%) occurred in SAAF™ for both seed and soil applications. Highest grain yield (4125 kg/ha) was recorded on Nativo® where seed treatment at the rate of 1.5 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 1.5 g per liter was used. Thus, it can be concluded that the best control for pre-emergence damping off was achieved by SAAF™ where seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter and Vitavax® as seed treatment at the rate of 2 g per kg along with soil drenching at the rate of 2 g per liter was used, while the best control of post-emergence damping off was achieved with combined seed treatment and soil treatment with SAAF™. There was no incidence of web blight throughout the growing period. Our findings could be useful in devising strategies for the integrated management of R. solani causing root rot disease in common beans.
Micrognathia as a Diagnosis Marker for the Prenatal Identification of Edwards Syndrome
Authors: Albu Cristina-Crenguţa , Brăila Anca Daniela , Poalelungi Cristian-Viorel , Bohîltea Laurenţiu-Camil , Bănățeanu Andreea-Mariana , Damian Constantin Marian , Dîră Laurențiu Mihai , Bogdan-Andreescu Claudia Florina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Edwards syndrome, or trisomy 18, is a severe chromosomal disorder marked by numerous congenital anomalies, including micrognathia. This study evaluated the diagnostic significance of micrognathia as a prenatal indicator for trisomy 18 through a case series involving five confirmed instances. Methods: Ultrasound assessments concentrated on the inferior facial angle (IFA) and the jaw index, supplemented by Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) and karyotyping. Results: Micrognathia was consistently identified alongside other anomalies, reinforcing its reliability as an ultrasound marker for trisomy 18. Conclusions: The findings highlight the critical nature of early detection for informed parental counseling and effective pregnancy management.
Neuromusculoskeletal Control for Simulated Precision Task versus Experimental Data in Trajectory Deviation Analysis
Authors: Nascimento Jean Mendes , Taira Camila , Becman Eric Cito , Forner-Cordero Arturo
Published: February 2025

Control remains a challenge in precision applications in robotics, particularly when combined with execution in small time intervals. This study employed a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) planar robotic arm driven by a detailed human musculoskeletal model for actuation, incorporating nonlinear control techniques to execute a precision task through simulation. Then, we compared these simulations with real experimental data from healthy subjects performing the same task. Our results show that the Feedback Linearization Control (FLC) applied performed satisfactorily within the task execution constraints compared to a robust nonlinear control technique, i.e., Sliding Mode Control (SMC). On the other hand, differences can be observed between the behavior of the simulated model and the real experimental data, where discrepancies in terms of errors were found. The model errors increased with the amplitude and remained unchanged with any increase in the task execution frequency. However, in human trials, the errors increased both with the amplitude and, notably, with a drastic rise in frequency.
Analysis of Torsional Response in Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Cianciarulo Frank C. , Kim Eric Y. , Wereley Norman M.
Published: February 2025

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) consist of an elastomeric bladder wrapped in a helical braid. When inflated, PAMs expand radially and contract axially, producing large axial forces. PAMs are advantageous because of their high specific work and specific power, as well as their ability to produce large axial displacements. The axial and radial behavior of PAMs have been well studied. The torsional response of PAMs have not been explored before. Accurate prediction of the torsional force was desired for use in a bio-inspired worm-like robot capable of using an auger mounted to a PAM to bore out tunnels. Thus, an understanding of torsional response was a key objective. Modeling of the torsional response was performed using a force balance approach, and multiple model variations were considered, such as St. Venant’s torsion, bladder buckling, and asymmetrical braid loading. Torsional testing was performed to validate the model using a custom torsional testing system. Data from the tests was compared to the predicted torsional response.
The Power of Food Advertisements: A Brief Mindfulness Instruction Does Not Prevent Psychophysiological Responses Triggered by Food Ads
Authors: Baquedano Constanza , Martinez-Pernia David , Soto Vicente , Rivera-Rei Álvaro , Zepeda Antonia , Vasquez-Rosati Alejandra , Guzmán-Lavín Eugenio J. , Ugarte Carla , Cepeda-Benito Antonio , Lopez Vladimir , Silva Jaime R.
Published: February 2025

Background: Exposure to visually appealing food items can enhance their subjective realism, leading to increased cravings, salivation, and automatic approach tendencies. Prior research suggests that brief mindfulness instructions promoting dereification—recognizing stimuli as transient mental events—can mitigate these automatic reactions. Objectives: This study assesses whether brief mindfulness instruction can mitigate automatic consumption tendencies induced by food advertisements, exploring the corresponding behavioral, physiological, and neurophysiological mechanisms. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving brief mindfulness instruction and the other a non-dereifying control instruction while exposed to advertised foods. This was followed by an approach–avoidance task (AAT), during which behavioral data, salivary volume, event-related potentials (ERPs) from electroencephalogram recordings, and self-reports were collected. Results: The results showed no significant differences in approach behaviors between the groups. Hunger, food craving, and salivation levels increased uniformly in response to food cues for both groups. The N1, N2, P3, and late positive potential (LPP) ERPs remained unaltered by the instructions and consistent with the established AAT literature. Advertising heightened the appeal of neutral foods, as evidenced by increased N2, P3, and LPP responses. Conclusions: The brief mindfulness instruction failed to shield participants from the automatic responses elicited by food advertising, contrasting with the effects seen with non-advertised food.
A Field Investigation on Summer Thermal Comfort of Occupants of Rural Houses in the North Area of Hot Summer and Warm Winter Zone, China
Authors: Gong Xinzhi , Yu Yilei , Lai Sha , Wang Xingping , Duan Xuman , Liu Jing , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Human thermal comfort presents noticeable variation across urban and rural areas. Among previous studies, only a few field investigations focus on thermal comfort experienced by rural houses within hot summer and warm winter (HSWW) zones, especially across the north area. The existing thermal environment and energy-saving standards in China make it difficult to provide accurate guidance for building performance design in this area due to the lack of thermal comfort information for humans. This study undertook a field-based survey in rural houses in Hezhou, located in the northern part of an HSWW zone in China. Both on-site environmental data collection and subjective surveys were performed at the same time. Subsequently, this study examined the correlation of operative temperatures with subjects’ perceptions of the thermal environment. Our findings indicate that the actual neutral temperature in summer was 25.34 °C, whereas the predicted value was 25.17 °C. Temperatures within the range of 21.69~30.55 °C were considered acceptable during the operation. The elderly had a higher thermal tolerance than the adults. There was no significant statistical difference between males and females. Our findings contribute to the ongoing development of thermal comfort research for rural housing.
Numerical Study on the Impact of Synthetic Jets at Flow Separation Points on the Wake of a Square Cylinder
Authors: Zhai Lang , Luo Diefeng , Li Wenlu
Published: February 2025

To investigate the application of synthetic jet technology in the control of the wake flow around a square cylinder, a two-dimensional numerical simulation study was conducted using CFD and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method to simulate the flow field. Synthetic jets were applied near the flow separation points on both sides of the square cylinder to analyze the wake flow characteristics without jets and the effects of synthetic jets on the wake flow structure. The impact of jet frequency and jet velocity on the control effectiveness of synthetic jets was explored from the perspectives of lift and drag coefficients, power spectral density (PSD), total energy of fluctuations, and velocity and vorticity contour maps. The results indicate that synthetic jets effectively modify the wake flow structure of the square cylinder, suppress vortex shedding, and reduce wind loads on the cylinder. An optimal combination of dimensionless parameters exists for achieving the best control performance. Under the G2 condition (momentum coefficient of 0.6), the overall control effect was found to be optimal. Specifically, at an excitation frequency of 1, the lift coefficient was reduced by approximately 79%, and the drag coefficient was reduced by 52%. Additionally, the total energy of the lift fluctuations was at a minimum under this condition.
Strength Characteristics and Prediction of Ternary Blended Cement Building Material Using RSM and ANN
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Ho Chia Min , Doh Shu Ing , Al Biajawi Mohammad I. , Ma Quanjin , Zhao Dan , Liu Rusong
Published: February 2025

In this study, steel slag (SS) and ground coal bottom ash (GCBA) were utilized to partially substitute for cement in manufacturing ternary blended cement mortar. The replacement ratios of both SS and GCBA ranged from 0% to 20%, and the total replacement ratio varied from 0 to 40%. Response-surface methodology (RSM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to establish models with which the effects of the various combined contents of SS and GCBA on the distribution of 28-day strength and 91-day strength could be identified. The results showed that the combination of SS and GCBA had a positive effect on strength at a low replacement ratio, while it had an adverse effect on strength at a high replacement ratio. At a late curing age, the pozzolanic reaction of GCBA contributes to the strength enhancement. A total of 15 out of 27 experimental data were used to establish the RSM and ANN models. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), the models established by RSM were well-fitted with the experimental data. The ANN-trained models also exhibited a good fit with the experimental data, as indicated by an R2 of >0.99. The remaining 12 out of 27 experimental data were used for the validation of the developed models, and the performances of the RSM and ANN models in prediction were compared. In conclusion, the ANN showed a better performance in strength prediction.
Optical Transitions Dominated by Orbital Interactions in Two-Dimensional Fullerene Networks
Authors: Bai Haonan , Gai Xinwen , Zou Yi , Wang Jingang
Published: February 2025

Fullerenes are a class of highly symmetric spherical carbon materials that have attracted significant attention in optoelectronic applications due to their excellent electron transport properties. However, the isotropy of their spherical structure often leads to disordered inter-sphere stacking in practical applications, limiting in-depth studies of their electron transport behavior. The successful fabrication of long-range ordered two-dimensional fullerene arrays has opened up new opportunities for exploring the structure–activity relationship in spatial charge transport. In this study, theoretical calculations were performed to analyze the effects of different periodic arrangements in two-dimensional fullerene arrays on electronic excitation and optical behavior. The results show that HLOPC60 exhibits a strong absorption peak at 1050 nm, while TLOPC60 displays prominent absorption features at 700 nm and 1300 nm, indicating that their electronic excitation characteristics are significantly influenced by the periodic structure. Additionally, analyses of orbital distribution and the spatial electron density reveal a close relationship between carrier transport and the structural topology. Quantitative studies further indicate that the interlayer interaction energies of the HLOPC60 and TLOPC60 arrangements are −105.65 kJ/mol and −135.25 kJ/mol, respectively. TLOPC60 also exhibits stronger dispersion interactions, leading to enhanced interlayer binding. These findings provide new insights into the structural regulation of fullerene materials and offer theoretical guidance for the design and synthesis of novel organic optoelectronic materials.
Residual Tumour at CT Scan Based on Radiologic Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index After Optimal Cytoreduction in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A True Prognostic Factor
Authors: Trelis Blanes Alexandra , Lago Víctor , Pérez Martínez Rosario , Belloch Ripollés Vicente , Montoliu Guillermina , Padilla-Iserte Pablo , Gurrea Marta , Cárdenas Rebollo Jose Miguel , Domingo Santiago
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The maximum residual tumour size after surgery is the most important prognostic factor related to survival in advanced ovarian cancer. This parameter can be subjectively determined by the surgeon at the end of the operation and by a radiologist with a postoperative CT scan. CT scans after optimal cytoreduction can reveal residual/progressive disease in a significant percentage of patients, ranging from 21% to 49%. The aim of this study was to validate the PCI scale for the systematic reading of postoperative CT scans in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and to establish it as a new prognostic marker. Material and Methods: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO II-IV), diagnosed between 2007 and 2019 in Hospital La Fe Valencia, in whom cytoreductive surgery was performed (achieving R0 or R1), and in whom a postoperative CT scan was performed between the third and eighth week post-surgery and prior to the start of chemotherapy, were included. Two different radiologists who specialised in gynaecological malignancy performed a blind analysis of the CT scans. They then read the images using the Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) scale, which divides the abdominopelvic cavity into 12 quadrants. Using the Qualitative Assessment (QA) scale, they established the presence or lack of tumour disease in each of these regions, with QA 1–2 being definitely/probably normal, QA 3 indeterminate and QA 4–5 probably/definitely metastatic. Results: This study included a cohort of 117 patients. The radiological study found measurable tumour disease in up to 49% of patients after optimal primary cytoreduction (R0 or R1). There was “substantial agreement” between the results of the two radiologists according to the Kappa analysis (0.624). Both radiologists’ (A and B) findings were related to a significant reduction in both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with residual disease in the CT scan (QA 4–5) versus those without macroscopic disease (QA 1–3) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The finding of radiological tumour disease on a standardised and systematised postsurgical CT scan prior to the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Population-Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparisons of Repotrectinib Among Patients with ROS1+ NSCLC
Authors: Wolf Jürgen , Goring Sarah , Lee Adam , Cho Byoung Chul , Drilon Alexander , Yuan Yong , Ayers Dieter , Lozano-Ortega Greta , Korol Ellen E. , Korpach Sarah G. , Crabtree Madeleine , Huria Lavanya , Calvet Christophe Y. , Camidge D. Ross
Published: February 2025

Background: Head-to-head evidence comparing repotrectinib against other approved ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is not currently available. The objective of this study was to indirectly compare progression-free survival (PFS), the objective response rate (ORR), and the duration of response (DoR) for repotrectinib vs. crizotinib and vs. entrectinib in patients with TKI-naïve ROS1+ locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). Methods: Using evidence from a systematic literature review, unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs) were used to estimate population-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and DoR and odds ratios (ORs) for ORR for repotrectinib vs. crizotinib and vs. entrectinib among patients with TKI-naïve aNSCLC. The MAICs were adjusted for imbalances in baseline patient characteristics that were pre-specified as being prognostic or predictive of treatment effects. Weighted Cox (for PFS and DoR) and logistic (for ORR) regression models were fit. Supplementary analyses (SAs) explored the impact of missing data and modeling assumptions on effect estimates. Results: The evidence base was formed by TRIDENT-1 EXP-1 (repotrectinib; N = 71), a pooled set of five trials involving crizotinib (N = 273), and the pooled ALKA-372–001/STARTRK-1 and -2 trials (entrectinib; N = 168). After population adjustment, repotrectinib was associated with statistically significant improvements in PFS relative to crizotinib (HR = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.67) and entrectinib (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.91). Differences in ORR and DoR were not statistically significant but numerically favored repotrectinib. SAs were consistent with the main analyses across all comparisons. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrated the strong benefits of repotrectinib in PFS, which was robust across different SAs and supported by numerically favorable results for DoR (where available) and ORR. These results, alongside the published TRIDENT-1 clinical data, further support repotrectinib as a potential new standard of care for TKI-naïve patients with ROS1+ aNSCLC.
The Emerging Role of CD8+ T Cells in Shaping Treatment Outcomes of Patients with MDS and AML
Authors: Tasis Athanasios , Spyropoulos Theodoros , Mitroulis Ioannis
Published: February 2025

CD8+ T cells are critical players in anti-tumor immunity against solid tumors, targeted by immunotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells also play a crucial role in anti-tumor responses and determining treatment outcomes in hematologic malignancies like myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we focus on the implication of CD8+ T cells in the treatment response of patients with MDS and AML. First, we review reported studies of aberrant functionality and clonality of CD8+ T cells in MDS and AML, often driven by the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment, which can hinder effective antitumor immunity. Additionally, we discuss the potential use of CD8+ T cell subpopulations, including memory and senescent-like subsets, as predictive biomarkers for treatment response to a variety of treatment regimens, such as hypomethylating agents, which is the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS, and chemotherapy which is the main treatment of patients with AML. Understanding the multifaceted role of CD8+ T cells and their interaction with malignant cells in MDS and AML will provide useful insights into their potential as prognostic/predictive biomarkers, but also uncover alternative approaches to novel treatment strategies that could reshape the therapeutic landscape, thus improving treatment efficacy, aiding in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient survival in these challenging myeloid neoplasms.
Quality of Life After Locoregional Treatment in Women with De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Weiss Camille , Trensz Philippe , Schmitt Martin , Lodi Massimo
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Primary site locoregional treatment (LRT) of metastatic breast cancer has been performed and evaluated with the aim to improve survival, prevent complications, and alleviate local symptoms. As some studies fail to show a survival benefit, the quality of life is important to consider when deciding on LRT. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the impact of LRT on the quality of life of patients with de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) through a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. Methods: Multiple databases were searched on May 2024 with the following keywords: (i) dnMBC; (ii) LRT, including surgery +/− radiotherapy; and (iii) QOL. Results: Six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and four in meta-analysis (481 women, n = 251 in the LRT and n = 230 in the control groups). There was a significant QOL decrease in the LRT group at 18 months (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.98–−0.26; p < 0.001, low heterogeneity I2 = 33%) and after 30 months (SMD −0.82; 95%CI −1.58–−0.06; p = 0.034, high heterogeneity I2 = 93%), while no statistically significant difference was observed at short term (6 months, p = 0.333). Conclusions: This study shows that there is lacking evidence regarding the QOL benefits after LRT in this population, and even a numerical deterioration in global QOL several months after the treatment. Future and ongoing research may provide additional insights into this question on dnMBC and specifics subgroups.
Morpholine-Substituted Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Potential mTOR Inhibitors: Synthesis, Computational Insights, and Cellular Analysis
Authors: Dey Rajdeep , Shaw Suman , Yadav Ruchi , Patel Bhumika D. , Bhatt Hardik G. , Natesan Gopal , Jha Abhishek B. , Chaube Udit
Published: February 2025

Backgrounds: This study explores the design of substituted tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) derivatives and their synthesis as possible inhibitors of mTOR inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy. Methods: Inspired by the structural characteristics of known mTOR inhibitors, eight novel derivatives were synthesized, characterized using mass spectroscopy, 1H, and 13C NMR, and evaluated for anticancer activity. Results: Computational studies, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, highlighted the derivative’s strong binding interaction and stability within the mTOR active site. Assays for in vitro cytotoxicity showed strong and specific anticancer action against cell lines of triple-negative breast cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer while causing negligible impact on healthy cells. Conclusions: Compound 10e emerged as the most promising candidate, displaying exceptional activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 0.033 µM) and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, surpassing standard agents, like Everolimus and 5-flurouracil. Structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that incorporating trifluoromethyl and morpholine moieties significantly enhanced selectivity and potency. MD simulations further validated these findings, confirming stable protein-ligand interactions and favorable dynamics over a 100-ns simulation period. Collectively, this study underscores the therapeutic potential of THQ derivatives, particularly compound 10e, as promising mTOR inhibitors with potential applications in lung cancer treatment.
Radiomics in Dermatological Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Feature Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Integration into Diagnostic Models in a Prospective Study
Authors: Widaatalla Yousif , Wolswijk Tom , Khan Muhammad Danial , Halilaj Iva , Mosterd Klara , Woodruff Henry C. , Lambin Philippe
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Radiomics has seen substantial growth in medical imaging; however, its potential in optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been widely explored. We systematically evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of handcrafted radiomics features (HRFs) from OCT scans of benign nevi and examine the impact of bin width (BW) selection on HRF stability. The effect of using stable features on a radiomics classification model was also assessed. Methods: In this prospective study, 20 volunteers underwent test–retest OCT imaging of 40 benign nevi, resulting in 80 scans. The repeatability and reproducibility of HRFs extracted from manually delineated regions of interest (ROIs) were assessed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) across BWs ranging from 5 to 50. A unique set of stable HRFs was identified at each BW after removing highly correlated features to eliminate redundancy. These robust features were incorporated into a multiclass radiomics classifier trained to distinguish benign nevi, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and Bowen’s disease. Results: Six stable HRFs were identified across all BWs, with a BW of 25 emerging as the optimal choice, balancing repeatability and the ability to capture meaningful textural details. Additionally, intermediate BWs (20–25) yielded 53 reproducible features. A classifier trained with six stable features achieved a 90% accuracy and AUCs of 0.96 and 0.94 for BCC and Bowen’s disease, respectively, compared to a 76% accuracy and AUCs of 0.86 and 0.80 for a conventional feature selection approach. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of BW selection in enhancing HRF stability and provides a methodological framework for optimizing preprocessing in OCT radiomics. By demonstrating the integration of stable HRFs into diagnostic models, we establish OCT radiomics as a promising tool to aid non-invasive diagnosis in dermatology.
Evaluating Therapeutic Efficacy of the Vascular Disrupting Agent OXi8007 Against Kidney Cancer in Mice
Authors: Wanniarachchi Hashini I. , Schuetze Regan , Deng Yuling , Hamal Khagendra B. , Pavlich Cyprian I. , Tankoano Pouguiniseli E. O. , Tamminga Caleb , Hammers Hans , Kapur Payal , Bueno Lorena M. A. , Rayas Ricardo , Wang Tianyuan , Liu Li , Trawick Mary Lynn , Pinney Kevin G. , Mason Ralph P.
Published: February 2025

There has been much progress in treating kidney cancer, with several new drugs being approved over the last few years [...]