bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Along-the-net reconstruction of hydropower potential with consideration of anthropic alterations
Authors: Masoero A. , Claps P. , Gallo E. , Ganora D. , Laio F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Even in regions with mature hydropower development, requirements for stable renewable power sources suggest revision of plans of exploitation of water resources, while taking care of the environmental regulations. Mean Annual Flow (MAF) is a key parameter when trying to represent water availability for hydropower purposes. MAF is usually determined in ungauged basins by means of regional statistical analysis. For this study a regional estimation method consistent along-the-river network has been developed for MAF estimation; the method uses a multi-regressive approach based on geomorphoclimatic descriptors, and it is applied on 100 gauged basins located in NW Italy. The method has been designed to keep the estimates of mean annual flow congruent at the confluences, by considering only raster-summable explanatory variables. Also, the influence of human alterations in the regional analysis of MAF has been studied: impact due to the presence of existing hydropower plants has been taken into account, restoring the "natural" value of runoff through analytical corrections. To exemplify the representation of the assessment of residual hydropower potential, the model has been applied extensively to two specific mountain watersheds by mapping the estimated mean flow for the basins draining into each pixel of a the DEM-derived river network. Spatial algorithms were developed using the OpenSource Software GRASS GIS and PostgreSQL/PostGIS. Spatial representation of the hydropower potential was obtained using different mean flow vs hydraulic-head relations for each pixel. Final potential indices have been represented and mapped through the Google Earth platform, providing a complete and interactive picture of the available potential, useful for planning and regulation purposes.
Characterization of sub-daily rainfall properties in three raingauges located in northeast Brazil
Authors: Coutinho J. V. , Almeida C. D. N. , Leal A. M. F. , Barbosa L. R.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This paper aims to evaluate the characteristics of rainfall events of three experimental basins located in northeast Brazil. The study areas are located, one in Ceará State and two in Paraíba State. Thus, the definition of rainfall events was based on two characteristics: minimum inter-event time and minimum event depth. Then, they were classified according to the shape of the hyetograph: to the left rectangular, triangular, and triangular with peak, and to the right, bimodal and unshaped. Evaluation of the percentages of each type of hyetograph and the main characteristics of rainfall events (peak, duration and intensity) was carried out. The results shows that the two experimental basins located in the semi-arid region have similar characteristics, and shapeless events have significant accumulated rainfall.
The investigation of sediment processes in rivers by means of the Acoustic Doppler Profiler
Authors: Guerrero M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The measurement of sediment processes at the scale of a river cross-section is desirable for the evaluation of many issues related to river hydro-morphodynamics, such as the calibration and validation of numerical models for predicting the climate change impacts on water resources and efforts of maintenance of the navigation channel and other hydraulic works. Suspended- and bed-load have traditionally been measured by cumbersome techniques that are difficult to apply in large rivers. The acoustics for the investigation of small-scale sedimentological processes gained acceptance in the marine community because of its ability to simultaneously profile sediment concentration and size distribution, non-intrusively, and with high temporal and spatial resolution. The application of these methods in true riverine case studies presents additional difficulties, mainly related to water depths and stream currents that limit sound propagation into water and challenge the instruments deployment, especially during floods. This article introduces the motivations for using the ADCP for sediment processes investigation other than for flow discharge measurement, summarizes the developed methods and indicates future desirable improvements. In addition, an application on the Po River in Italy is presented, focusing on the calibration of the existing software by means of ADCP recordings. The calibrated model will assist in planning the dredging activities to maintain the navigation channel and the intake of a pump station for irrigation that is periodically obstructed with a sandbar.
Assessment of land-use change on streamflow using GIS, remote sensing and a physically-based model, SWAT
Authors: Dos Santos J. Y. G. , Da Silva R. M. , Carvalho Neto J. G. , Montenegro S. M. G. L. , Santos C. A. G. , Silva A. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This study aims to assess the impact of the land-use changes between the periods 1967−1974 and 1997−2008 on the streamflow of Tapacurá catchment (northeastern Brazil) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results show that the most sensitive parameters were the baseflow, Manning factor, time of concentration and soil evaporation compensation factor, which affect the catchment hydrology. The model calibration and validation were performed on a monthly basis, and the streamflow simulation showed a good level of accuracy for both periods. The obtained R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency values for each period were respectively 0.82 and 0.81 for 1967−1974, and 0.93 and 0.92 for the period 1997−2008. The evaluation of the SWAT model response to the land cover has shown that the mean monthly flow, during the rainy seasons for 1967−1974, decreased when compared to 1997−2008.
Evaluation of surface water dynamics for water-food security in seasonal wetlands, north-central Namibia
Authors: Hiyama T. , Suzuki T. , Hanamura M. , Mizuochi H. , Kambatuku J. R. , Niipele J. N. , Fujioka Y. , Ohta T. , Iijima M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Agricultural use of wetlands is important for food security in various regions. However, land-use changes in wetland areas could alter the water cycle and the ecosystem. To conserve the water environments of wetlands, care is needed when introducing new cropping systems. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the water dynamics in the case of the introduction of rice-millet mixed-cropping systems to the Cuvelai system seasonal wetlands (CSSWs) in north-central Namibia. We first investigated seasonal changes in surface water coverage by using satellite remote sensing data. We also assessed the effect of the introduction of rice-millet mixed-cropping systems on evapotranspiration in the CSSWs region. For the former investigation, we used MODIS and AMSR-E satellite remote sensing data. These data showed that at the beginning of the wet season, surface water appears from the southern (lower) part and then expands to the northern (higher) part of the CSSWs. For the latter investigation, we used data obtained by the classical Bowen ratio-energy balance (BREB) method at an experimental field site established in September 2012 on the Ogongo campus, University of Namibia. This analysis showed the importance of water and vegetation conditions when introducing mixed-cropping to the region.
Coupling hydrology, geochemistry and hydrodynamics towards rational management of discontinuous aquifers: application to the Ursuya massif (Basque Country, France)
Authors: Jaunat J. , Huneau F. , Dupuy A. , Celle-Jeanton H. , Le Coustumer P.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The metamorphic massif of Ursuya (French Basque Country) is a strategic aquifer for the water supply of southwestern France. A multidisciplinary approach, conducted between 2009 and 2013, has led to understanding of the behaviour of this system made of discontinuous media. Isotopic and geochemical characteristics of rainwater were studied together with groundwater geochemistry, to delineate the water–rock interactions along the underground flowpaths. The chemical characteristics of groundwater, the residence times (less than 10 years to more than 50 years) and the associated mixing processes allow the achievement of a conceptual model of the groundwater flow. It highlights the role of the weathering profile from the point of view of mineralization as well as flowpaths. Finally, a quantitative approach shows highly heterogeneous hydrodynamic properties related to the weathering profile development. These results are synthesized and validated by a numerical model which forms the basis for rational management of the Ursuya aquifer in a region subject to a constant increase in water needs.
Hydro-economic optimization under inflow uncertainty using the SDP_GAMS generalized optimization tool
Authors: Macian-Sorribes H. , Pulido-Velazquez M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The use of methodologies that explicitly take into account inflow uncertainties in the optimization of the management of water resource systems is hindered by the lack of a generalized software. A general-purpose package named SDP_GAMS has been developed, facilitating the resolution of the stochastic dynamic programming problem. It obtains optimal policies, associated optimal benefits and optimal decisions in response to specific inflow time series and demands. The tool has been tested in the Mijares River basin (Spain), with two reservoirs and four major demands. Inflow variability has been described by the use of a 1-lag Markov chain, and a 91-class two-reservoir discrete mesh was used in calculations. Polynomial economic demand curves were used. The results showed that the use of the SDP hydro-economic modelling procedure obtains optimal policies taking into account inflow uncertainty, which can lead to an improvement in the efficiency of water resources systems.
Establishing ecological and social continuities: new challenges to optimize urban watershed management
Authors: Mitroi V. , de Coninck A. , Vinçon-Leite B. , Deroubaix J.-F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The (re)construction of the ecological continuity is stated as one of the main objectives of the European Water Framework Directive for watershed management in Europe. Analysing the social, political, technical and scientific processes characterising the implementation of different projects of ecological continuity in two adjacent peri-urban territories in Ile-de-France, we observed science-driven approaches disregarding the social contexts. We show that, in urbanized areas, ecological continuity requires not only important technical and ecological expertise, but also social and political participation to the definition of a common vision and action plan. Being a challenge for both, technical water management institutions and “classical” ecological policies, we propose some social science contributions to deal with ecological unpredictability and reconsider stakeholder resistance to this kind of project.
Urban stormwater source control policies: why and how?
Authors: Petrucci G. , Deroubaix J.-F. , Tassin B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Stormwater source control is becoming a common strategy for urban stormwater management in many countries. It relies on regulations or other policy instruments compelling or inciting implementation, for each new urban development, of small-scale facilities to locally store and manage stormwater. Local authorities that pioneered source control since the 1980s have already observed that small-scale facilities systematically implemented over a catchment are able to influence its hydrological behaviour. This capability is the main strength of source control, as it allows compensation for the negative effects of urbanization. Yet, it also represents its main risk: if initial decision-making is not sufficiently accurate, source control can produce long-term negative effects. Because of its current spreading, source control will acquire an increasing role as a driver of hydrological changes in urban catchments, and the directions of these changes depend on current policy-making practices. This paper presents an analysis and a critical discussion of the main objectives that policy-makers attribute to stormwater source control. The investigation is based on a sample of French case studies, completed by a literature review for international comparison. It identifies four main objectives, some typical of urban stormwater management and some more innovative: flood reduction, receiving waters protection, sustainable development, costs reduction. The discussion focuses on how current policy-making practices are able to translate these objectives in concrete policy instruments, and on which knowledge and tools could improve this process. It is shown that for some objectives, basic knowledge is available, but the creation of policy instruments which are effective at the catchment scale and adapted to local conditions is still problematic. For other objectives, substantial lacks of knowledge exist, casting doubts on long-term effectiveness of current policy instruments. Research directions are identified to improve source control policies and thus the future hydrologic behaviour of many urban catchments.
Contribution of hydrochemistry to the characterization and assessment of groundwater resources: the case of Tebessa alluvial aquifer (Algeria)
Authors: Sedrati N. , Djabri L.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Assessment of groundwater resources requires the knowledge of geometric and hydrodynamic features. In the Mio-Plio-Quaternary aquifer of the plain of Tebessa (Algeria), the groundwater quality is deteriorating. Different methods using geochemistry (ions Na+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−) and conductivity are compared with the hydrogeological information to identify the main processes involved in the increase in pollution. The evaluation for water contamination is based on the method proposed by Tolga et al. (2009) for irrigation waters, and on that proposed by Neubert et al. (2008), for those intended for drinking water supply. This method is a new technique of indexation of water sensitivity to pollution. It combines data from water chemistry and the results obtained by applying the DRASTIC model to the area of study. The obtained maps of sensitivity reveal zones that coincide almost perfectly with those of strong anthropogenic activities. Suitable water management policies are needed to save this unconfined aquifer and provide the data necessary to define the area at increased risk from these phenomena.
Multi-criteria multi-stakeholder decision analysis using a fuzzy-stochastic approach for hydrosystem management
Authors: Subagadis Y. H. , Schütze N. , Grundmann J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The conventional methods used to solve multi-criteria multi-stakeholder problems are less strongly formulated, as they normally incorporate only homogeneous information at a time and suggest aggregating objectives of different decision-makers avoiding water–society interactions. In this contribution, Multi-Criteria Group Decision Analysis (MCGDA) using a fuzzy-stochastic approach has been proposed to rank a set of alternatives in water management decisions incorporating heterogeneous information under uncertainty. The decision making framework takes hydrologically, environmentally, and socio-economically motivated conflicting objectives into consideration. The criteria related to the performance of the physical system are optimized using multi-criteria simulation-based optimization, and fuzzy linguistic quantifiers have been used to evaluate subjective criteria and to assess stakeholders' degree of optimism. The proposed methodology is applied to find effective and robust intervention strategies for the management of a coastal hydrosystem affected by saltwater intrusion due to excessive groundwater extraction for irrigated agriculture and municipal use. Preliminary results show that the MCGDA based on a fuzzy-stochastic approach gives useful support for robust decision-making and is sensitive to the decision makers' degree of optimism.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of a shallow groundwater system in the weathered basement aquifer of Ilesha area, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Tijani M. N. , Oke S. A. , Olowookere A. T.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Hydrogeochemical characterization of a weathered basement aquifer in Ilesha area, southwest Nigeria, was carried out with respect to geogenic and anthropogenic influences on the shallow groundwater system. Physico-chemical parameters revealed a pH of 6.4–8.4 and EC of 22–825 μs/cm in the urban areas compared to a pH of 7.3–10.5 and relatively higher EC of 126–1027 μs/cm in the peri-urban area. The concentrations of major cations (Ca, Na, K, Mg) in the urban areas revealed relatively lower average concentrations of 28.4, 16.7, 8.4 and 5.0 mg/L, respectively, compared to 82.5, 33.4, 19.3 and 12.4 mg/L, respectively, for the peri-urban areas. The low concentrations of major cations in the urban areas can be attributed to low mineral dissolution of quartzite and muscovite quartz-schist bedrocks compared to the weathered granitic, amphibolite and biotite schist in the peri-urban areas. Hydrochemical characterization revealed two main water types; namely Ca-Mg-(Na)-HCO3 mostly in the urban areas suggesting CO2-charged infiltrating recharge rainwater, and Ca-Na-(K)-SO4-Cl type in the peri-urban areas as products of water–rock interactions.
Genetic algorithms optimization of hedging rules for operation of the multi-purpose Ubonratana Reservoir in Thailand
Authors: Chiamsathit C. , Adeloye A. J. , Soudharajan B.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This study has developed optimal hedging policies for the multi-purpose Ubonratana Reservoir in northeastern Thailand based on its existing rule curves. The hedging policy was applied whenever the reservoir storage falls below a critical level for each month of the year. The decision variables, i.e. the set of monthly storages defining the critical rule curve that triggers rationing and the rationing ratio, were optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Both single stage (i.e. with one critical rule curve and one rationing ratio) and two-stage (with two critical rule curves and ratios) of the hedging policy were considered in the optimization. To test the effect of the optimized hedging policies on reservoir performance, simulations were carried out, forced alternatively with the existing rule curves (i.e. without hedging) and the two optimized hedging policies. Performance was summarized in terms of reliability (time- and volume-based) and vulnerability. The results showed that the vulnerability was significantly reduced by using the optimized hedging rules. However, the number of water shortages increased with the optimized rules, causing the time-based reliability to worsen significantly. This should not be of concern since, although the number of shortages increased, the associated shortage quantities on most of these additional occasions were small, leaving the volumetric reliability largely unchanged.
Water budget comparison of global climate models and experimental data in Onça Creek basin, Brazil
Authors: Melo D. C. D. , Marin I. S. P. , Wendland E.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Groundwater is an important part of the hydrological cycle, accounting for more than 25% of human needs on the global scale. As a result of aquifer overexploitation associated with climate change, even in the most conservative future climate scenarios, mean water-table levels can experience drastic drops. Although there are efforts to include groundwater dynamics in global climate models (GCMs), its influence is still not taken into full account in GCM water budgets, although it is as important as the other water sources considered. To assess the role of percolation in the water balance, we compared the water budget from climate forcing scenarios using 10 GCMs with the water budget from experimental data of a basin in São Paulo state, Brazil. We used the delta factor approach to correct the bias of the model's temperature and precipitation for a control period from 1970 to 1999, and calculated evapotranspiration using the Thornthwaite method. Experimental data for runoff and interception were derived for the basin’s representative crops (sugar cane and pasture) for both water budgets. As the GCMs ignore subsurface flow and the only input considered is precipitation and snow melt, the excess surface water is assumed to be redistributed among the other water budget components. The experimental data shows that there is enough available water for infiltration, indicating that recharge cannot be ignored in the water balance. This leads to the possibility of the models’ overestimating the other components to compensate for the ignored recharge.
Brittle–viscous deformation of vein quartz under fluid-rich low greenschist facies conditions
Authors: Kjøll H. J. , Viola G. , Menegon L. , Sørensen B. E.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. A coarse grained, statically crystallized quartz vein, embedded in a phyllonitic matrix, was studied by EBSD and optical microscopy to gain insights into the processes of strain localization in quartz deformed under low-grade conditions, broadly coincident with the frictional–viscous transition. The vein is from a high strain zone at the front of the Porsa Imbricate Stack in the Paleoproterozoic Repparfjord Tectonic Window in northern Norway. The vein was deformed under lower greenschist facies conditions during deformation along a large out-of-sequence phyllonitic thrust of Caledonian age. The host phyllonite formed at the expense of metabasalt wherein feldspar broke down to form interconnected layers of fine, synkinematic phyllosilicates. In the mechanically weak framework of the phyllonite, the studied quartz vein acted as a relatively rigid body deforming mainly by coaxial strain. Viscous deformation was initially accommodated by basal ⟨a⟩ slip of quartz during the development of a mesoscopic pervasive extensional crenulation cleavage. Under the prevailing boundary conditions, however, dislocation glide-accommodated deformation of quartz resulted inefficient and led to dislocation tangling and strain hardening of the vein. In response to hardening, to the progressive increase of fluid pressure and the increasing competence contrast between the vein and the weak foliated host phyllonite, quartz crystals began to deform frictionally along specific, optimally oriented lattice planes, creating microgouges along microfractures. These were, however, rapidly sealed by nucleation of new grains as transiently over pressured fluids penetrated the deforming system. The new nucleated grains grew initially by solution-precipitation and later by grain boundary migration. Due to the random initial orientation of the vein crystals, strain was accommodated differently in the individual crystals, leading to the development of remarkably different microstructures. Crystals oriented optimally for basal slip accommodated strain mainly viscously and experienced only minor fracturing. Instead, the crystals misoriented for basal slip hardened and deformed by pervasive domainal fracturing. This study indicates the importance of considering shear zones as dynamic systems wherein the activated deformation mechanisms vary transiently in response to the complex temporal and spatial evolution of the shear zone, often in a cyclic fashion.
Adult Orbital Xanthogranulomas: Clinical Features and Management
Authors: Kiratli Hayyam , Kiliç Meltem , Tarlan Berçin , Söylemezoğlu Figen
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Adult-onset asthma with periocular xanthogranuloma and adult-onset xanthogranuloma are 2 rare subtypes of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder and much remains unknown regarding optimal treatment. The authors describe their experience in the management of these 2 disease subtypes.

Methods

This is a retrospective case series with histopathologically proven orbital xanthogranuloma over a period of 12 years. Clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features; associated systemic conditions; treatment modality; and outcome during follow-up of 6 adult patients who had adult-onset asthma with periocular xanthogranuloma and adult-onset xanthogranuloma were reviewed.

Results

The age range was 29-75 years (median 56 years). The duration of symptoms and signs varied from 10 months to 9 years. All patients had bilateral and asymmetric involvement. Palpebral swelling with yellow discoloration and upper eyelid ptosis were the most common signs. Adult-onset asthma was present in 2 patients. Imaging studies demonstrated ill-defined infiltrative lesions involving the preseptal area, lacrimal glands, extraocular muscles, retrobulbar fat, and optic nerves. The median follow-up was 50 months. Complete regression of all clinical signs was obtained at 8 months, whereas imaging findings disappeared at 18 months with treatment. No recurrence was observed.

Conclusions

Treatment consisting of debulking as much affected soft tissue as possible followed by a 3-day course of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone administration and then by oral prednisone for at least 6 months may provide adequate regression of the granulomas without recurrence and satisfactory cosmesis in patients with adult orbital xanthogranuloma with and without asthma.
Avoiding the Use of a Femoral Bridging Catheter Using a Two-stage Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) Graft Implantation Technique
Authors: Yoon William J. , Lorelli David R.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To evaluate a two-stage Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) implantation technique that avoids the use of a femoral bridging catheter versus the conventional one-stage technique requiring a bridging catheter in selected patients.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on 20 end-stage renal disease patients with an internal jugular vein (IJV) catheter selected for two-stage HeRO implantation at our institution between January 2010 and March 2013. The arterial graft component (AGC) was implanted without anastomosing it to the target artery (first stage). After AGC incorporation, the venous outflow component was inserted (second stage). The preexisting IJV catheter was maintained for hemodialysis access during the interstage period. Patient characteristics, patency using Kaplan-Meier method and infection rates were analyzed.

Results

A total of 17 patients with a mean age of 59 years (70.6% women) completed the two-stage procedure. During the interstage period (mean 12 weeks, range 4-22 weeks), no graft- or surgery-related infection occurred. The need of a femoral bridging catheter was avoided by utilizing the preexisting IJV dialysis catheter. The accumulated HeRO days were 3,916 days with a mean follow-up of 7.7 months (range 1-22.6 months). The HeRO-related infection rate was 0.3/1,000 days. The primary assisted and secondary patency rates at 6 months were 69% and 82%, respectively, which were similar to those of arteriovenous grafts. Staging conferred immediate vascular accessibility.

Conclusions

Avoiding the use of a femoral bridging catheter using the two-stage technique may lower infection rate, with comparable primary assisted and secondary patency to arteriovenous grafts and added benefit of immediate cannulatability in this subset of patients.
Modified Miller Banding Procedure for Managing High-flow Access and Dialysis-associated Steal Syndrome
Authors: Shintaku Sadanori , Kawanishi Hideki , Moriishi Misaki , Banshodani Masataka , Ago Rika , Tsuchiya Shinichiro
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Both high-flow vascular access (VA) and dialysis-associated steal syndrome are serious complications requiring a flow reduction technique. We adopted the minimally invasive limited ligation endoluminal-assisted revision (MILLER) banding procedure with some modifications to control the high blood flow and steal syndrome during VA procedures and retrospectively assessed the outcome.

Methods

Seven patients with high-flow access (access flow >1400 ml/min) and five patients with steal syndrome (with pain, coldness, or cyanosis) were treated using the MILLER banding method. Flow volume of the brachial artery was monitored using Doppler ultrasonography during the banding procedure. In patients with steal syndrome, the finger probe of a pulse oximeter was attached to a finger on the ipsilateral side, and the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was monitored.

Results

In the high-flow group, the mean access blood flow (Qa) decreased from 2043 ± 463 ml/min (mean ± SD) to 1248 ± 388 ml/min (p<0.001). In the steal syndrome group, the SpO2 value improved in all steal syndrome patients after banding. Symptoms were almost relieved in two steal syndrome patients. The Qa in the steal group decreased from 997 ± 867 to 548 ± 376 ml/min (p = 0.12). The secondary patency rates of the high-flow and steal groups at 6 months were 83.3% and 50%, respectively.

Conclusions

The MILLER banding procedure with intraoperative access flow monitoring is effective to treat high-flow VA and steal syndrome.
EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CHANNELBLOCKER VERAPAMIL ON BONE AND DENTAL GERM IN RATS
Authors: VILELA-GOULART MARIA DAS GRAÇAS , BASTOS-RAMOS WILMA P. , DA ROCHA ROSILENE FERNANDES , SALGADO MIGUEL ANGEL C. , RANALI JOSÉ
Published: January 2015

O verapamil e outros bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio são usados como antihipertensivos e antiarrítmicos tratamentos prolongados ou por toda a vida, podendo ser indicados em gestantes. Foi estudado o efeito do bloqueador dos canais de cálcio sobre o germe dental, tempo de erupção dentária de filhotes nascidos de mães tratadas e mineralização óssea nas mães. As fêmeas tratadas foram divididas em dois grupos: o primeiro recebeu verapamil na dose de 2,4 mg/rato/dia e o segundo, 24 mg/rato/dia. Os animais foram divididas em dois subgrupos: o primeiro recebeu a droga durante 10 semanas: 7 semanas antes do acasalamento e 3 semanas durante a gestação realizando-se a operação cesariana ao 21o dia; o outro foi tratado como o primeiro, porem os filhotes nasceram de parto natural e o tratamento das mães foi continuado por 15 dias. Foram determinados os níveis plasmáticos de cálcio e fosfato de mães e filhotes. As cabeças dos filhotes foram seccionadas para histologia dos germes dentários e determinados os pesos úmido e seco do osso femoral das mães. Os resultados mostraram que a droga, na dose mais elevada, diminuiu os níveis séricos de cálcio e fosfato nas mães, enquanto que nos filhotes, os valores foram significativamente mais baixos em comparação com as mães. O verapamil causou aumento da mineralização óssea nas mães durante a gestação, mas não após o parto. Um aumento da calcificação dos germes dentários dos filhotes não pôde ser demonstrada, porem na dose mais elevada, o verapamil causou retardo significativo na erupção dentária. Abstract Verapamil and other calcium blocker drugs are used as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic in long term treatments and appropriate to be prescribed for pregnant women. It was studied in rats the effects of verapamil on dental germ calcification, the time of dental eruption in offspring born from treated mothers and on mothers bone mineralization. The rats were divided in two groups: one received verapamil in doses of 2.4 mg/rat/day and the other, 24 mg/rat/day. The animals were divided in two subgroups: one was treated during 10 weeks: 7 before mating and 3 during pregnancy, cesarean surgery performed on the 21st day; the other was treated in the same way but the offspring were born by natural delivery and the mothers treatment continued for 15 days. Plasma calcium and phosphate were assayed in mothers and offspring. The offsprings heads were isolated to histology of dental germs and determined mothers femoral bone fresh and dry weights. Results show that the higher dose verapamil lowered mothers plasmatic calcium and phosphate while a significant lower values were observed in offspring as compared to their mothers. Verapamil increased mothers femoral bone mineralization during mineralization but not after delivery. An increased calcium deposition of dental germ could not be demonstrated but verapamil significantly delayed newborns dental eruption.
CITOTOXICIDADE IN VITRO DE CLOROFENOXIACETATO COM CÉLULAS HEPÁTICAS DE Metynnis roosevelti (PISCES, CHARACIDAE) EM CULTIVO
Authors: SALVO LÍGIA MARIA , RICHARTZ ROSÁRIA REGINA TESONI DE BARROS , JOINEAU MARA ELIZA GAZINO , MALUCELLI MARIA IVETTE CARBONI , BACILA METRY
Published: January 2015

Células hepáticas de Metynnis roosevelti obtidas de cultivo celular primário foram submetidas a ensaios de citotoxicidade in vitro com os princípios ativos 2,4-D+MCPA (ácido 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético+ácido 4-cloro-2-metilfenoxiacético). Para determinação da CL50 foram utilizados dois métodos: um por meio da viabilidade celular com vermelho neutro e outro através da observação direta das células afetadas com microscópio invertido IM. A CL50 média das céluas hepáticas de Metynnis roosevelti em cultivo primário expostas ao 2,4D+MCPA por 24 horas, foi estabelecida entre 0,0265 g/ml e 0,0312 g/ml. Abstract In vitro citotoxicity of 2,4-D + MCPA (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 4-chloro-2- methylphenoxyacetic acid) tests were carried out with primary cultures of hepatic cells from Metynnis roosevelti (Pisces, Teleostei, Characidae). To establish the CL50 values, two different methods were used: the measurement of cell viability by means of neutral red and by the direct microscopic observation of the defective cells by means of an IM inverted microscope. The average CL50 value of the hepatic cells in primary cultures exposed to the chlorophenoxyacetates used, has been established between 0.0265 and 0.0312 g/ml.
TESTE COM LINHAGENS COMERCIAIS DE FRANGO DE CORTE - AVALIAÇÃO DOS PARÂMETROS ZOOTÉCNICOS
Authors: FLEMMING JOSÉ SIDNEY , JANZEN STEPHAN A. , ENDO MÁRCIA AKENI
Published: January 2015

Realizou-se um experimento para avaliar o desempenho zootécnico de diferentes linhagens comerciais de frangos de corte de uso comum no Brasil. Foram testadas as linhagens: Ross, Cobb, Hubbard, Arbor Acres e Isa Vedete avaliando-se os seguintes parâmetros zootécnicos: ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. Foram utilizadas no teste um total de 3200 aves, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições por tratamento, num Delineamento Completamente Casualizado, sendo os resultados comparados por um teste de médias. As aves foram alimentadas com ração à base de milho e soja, de uso convencional na integração, e abatidas aos 47 dias de idade. A linhagem Ross apresentou melhor conversão alimentar; com peso vivo relativamente baixo, contudo, esses resultados não se mostraram estatisticamente significativos (P>0,05). Abstract An experiment has been carried out to evaluate performance of the different commercial broiler lineages used in Brazil. The following lineages were tested: Ross, Cobb, Hubbard, Arbor Acres and Isa Vedette in order to evaluate the parameters: average daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion. A total of 3200 birds were used in this test, distributed in five treatments with four repetitions per treatment, in a experimental design completely randomized. The results were compared by a Random Tukey test. The broilers were fed a corn , soymeal diet conventional used in the integration and slaughtered at 47 days of age. The Ross lineage showed a trend for a better performance, since this lineage, although yielding the lowest live weight, showed the lowest feed consumption, with the best feed conversion. However, these results have not proved statistically significant ( P>0.05).
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN FISH ERYTHROCYTES: BLOOD GLUCOSE COMPARTMENTALIZATION
Authors: RODRIGUES EDSON , MEDEIROS ALMELISA , ROSA RUBENS , BACILA METRY
Published: January 2015

Foi levado a efeito um estudo sobre a permeação eritrocitária da glicose e sua compartimentalização sangüínea em peixes. Para tanto fez-se um estudo comparativo de parâmetros sangüíneos de peixes adaptados a diferentes ambientes aquáticos: mares antárticos, mares subtropicais e águas continentais tropicais. Para tanto foi estudado um peixe antártico, Notothenia neglecta, duas espécies de peixes marinhos subtropicais, Rhinobatus percellen e Netuma barba e duas espécies de peixes de águas tropicais continentais, Prochilodus scropha e Piaractus mesopotamicus. Foram estabelecidos, também, os valores para hematócrito, hemoglobina e para glicose plasmática e do sangue total das espécies estudadas. Abstract With the aim to study the problem of erythrocyte glucose permeation and blood compartmentalization in fish, a comparative study has been carried out on blood parameters from fish adapted to different aquatic environments: Antarctic seas, marine subtropical seas and continental tropical waters. One Antarctic fish, Notothenia neglecta, four marine subtropical fish species, Menticirrhus litoralis, Rhinobatus percellens, Netuma barba and Mugil spp, and two tropical fish species, Prochilodus scropha and Piaractus mesopotamicus, were de fish studied. Values for hematocrite, hemoglobin and plasma and whole blood glucose were assayed.
Structure and Argument in Augustine’s Nativity Sermon 188
Authors: Van Neer Joost ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

A thread runs through Augustine’s s. 188 that first moves from the spiritual realm via the physical realm to man, and then from man via the physical realm to the spiritual realm. This descending and ascending movement is a perfect depiction of God’s plan with man, which is to become humble himself in order to exalt man. The traditional division of s. 188 ignores the high level of symmetry that one finds in the sermon, and consequently obscures its splendid balance. It is not a help to the reader, but an obstacle. This article has therefore proposed a different solution: a division in three parts.
Las metáforas agonísticas en la Historia monachorum Syriae de Teodoreto de Ciro
Authors: Sánchez Juan Antonio Jiménez ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

The Historia monachorum Syriae, written by Theodoret of Cyrrhus in 444 AD, contains a large quantity of sports metaphors in which the ascetic was presented as the “athlete of God”. The origin of this metaphor goes back to the epistles of Paul of Tarsus. Afterwards, there were many Christian writers who included it in their writings, although Theodoret undoubtedly exploited it in a much more intense way than other authors. His abundant use of this metaphor was due to the great popularity enjoyed by athletic contests in the eastern Mediterranean well into the fifth century. Moreover, the partially profane education of Theodoret allowed him to give a specific terminology to his sports metaphors hardly documentable in other writers of Christian antiquity.
Alla ricerca delle fonti patristiche del De Trinitate pseudodidimiano
Authors: Segneri Angelo ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2015

Traditionally attributed to Didymus the Blind, this anonymous work on the Trinity found in the Cod. Rom. Angel. gr. 116, has no certain authorship. The article throws light on the numerous parallels among the so-called De Trinitate and passages from Basil, the two Gregorys, Athanasius, the pseudo-Basilian books IV and V of the Adversus Eunomium, as well as from some writings of Cyril of Alexandria. Even though the question of the paternity of De Trinitate is still destined to remain clouded, the parallels pointed out by the Author tend definitely to exclude Didymus as the author of this anonymous theological tract.
A Balanced Approach to Water Conservation in Utility Planning
Authors: Chesnutt Thomas W.
Published: January 2015

Water conservation programs are the subject of a recent study that thoroughly examines ‐ and provides guidelines for ‐ utilities' short‐ and long‐term strategies for managing growing water and infrastructure needs in even the most challenging conditions.
Aligning Water Rates, Revenues, and Resources: Strategies for Today's Utility Managers
Authors: Dickinson Mary Ann , Chesnutt Thomas W. , Chery Megan
Published: January 2015

How can water utilities better align customer water rates and utility revenue and better cope with more expensive water?
Maximizing the Value of Your LT2 Cryptosporidium Monitoring
Authors: Di Giovanni George D. , Rochelle Paul A. , Hoffman Rebecca M. , Akagi Yone
Published: January 2015

Water utilities can maximize the value of Cryptosporidium monitoring under LT2 by having their microscope slides genotyped, thereby benefiting watershed management decisions, utility operations, and risk assessment.
¡Arrasar la Vendée! Guerra Civil y Columnas Infernales en pleno corazón de la Revolución Francesa.
Authors: Cutillas Victoria Benjamín
Published: January 2015

En medio de la Revolución Francesa, cuando la Libertad y los Derechos del Hombre fueron proclamados por primera vez en la historia, una parte de Francia decidió dar la espalda a este nuevo sistema político y moral con el deseo de continuar la forma de vida tradicional, en la que la autoridad real y la religión católica eran los credos del pueblo. El movimiento de sublevación frente al proceso revolucionario tuvo lugar principalmente al oeste del país, originando diversos conflictos internos que adquirieron especial relevancia en la región de la Vendée, donde se vivió una auténtica guerra civil en la que la República aplicó una política de guerra total a través de las conocidas Columnas Infernales que no conseguiría poner fin al problema. La contienda finalizaría tres años después con un proceso de pacificación de la región rebelde y unas consecuencias terribles para todos.

In the middle of the French Revolution, when the Liberty and the Rights of Man were proclaimed, a part of France decided to turn away from this new political and moral system with the aim of returning to their recent past when the Royal Authority and the Catholic Religion were the creed of the people. This against the revolutionary process took place in the west of the country, causing many internal conflicts that acquired special relevance in the Vendée region, where a true civil war exploded and the French Republic enforced a policy of total war unleashing the so-called Infernal Columns, although they didn’t put an end to the problem. The strife would end three years after with a peace process in the rebel region and terrible consequences for all.
Voronoi diagrams, quasi-triangulations, and beta-complexes for disks in R2: the theory and implementation in BetaConcept
Authors: Kim Jae-Kwan , Cho Youngsong , Kim Donguk , Kim Deok-Soo
Published: January 2015

Voronoi diagrams are powerful for solving spatial problems among particles and have been used in many disciplines of science and engineering. In particular, the Voronoi diagram of three-dimensional spheres, also called the additively-weighted Voronoi diagram, has proven its powerful capabilities for solving the spatial reasoning problems for the arrangement of atoms in both molecular biology and material sciences. In order to solve application problems, the dual structure, called the quasi-triangulation, and its derivative structure, called the beta-complex, are frequently used with the Voronoi diagram itself. However, the Voronoi diagram, the quasi-triangulation, and the beta-complexes are sometimes regarded as somewhat difficult for ordinary users to understand. This paper presents the twodimensional counterparts of their definitions and introduce the BetaConcept program which implements the theory so that users can easily learn the powerful concept and capabilities of these constructs in a plane. The BetaConcept program was implemented in the standard C++ language with MFC and OpenGL and freely available at Voronoi Diagram Research Center (http://voronoi.hanyang.ac.kr).
A multi-user selective undo/redo approach for collaborative CAD systems
Authors: Cheng Yuan , He Fazhi , Xu Bin , Han Soonhung , Cai Xiantao , Chen Yilin
Published: January 2015

The engineering design process is a creative process, and the designers must repeatedly apply Undo/Redo operations to modify CAD models to explore new solutions. Undo/Redo has become one of most important functions in interactive graphics and CAD systems. Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is also very helpful for collaborative awareness among a group of cooperative designers to eliminate misunderstanding and to recover from design error. However, Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is much more complicated. This is because a single erroneous operation is propagated to other remote sites, and operations are interleaved at different sites. This paper presents a multi-user selective Undo/Redo approach in full distributed collaborative CAD systems. We use site ID and State Vectors to locate the Undo/Redo target at each site. By analyzing the composition of the complex CAD model, a tree-like structure called Feature Combination Hierarchy is presented to describe the decomposition of a CAD model. Based on this structure, the dependency relationship among features is clarified. B-Rep re-evaluation is simplified with the assistance of the Feature Combination Hierarchy. It can be proven that the proposed Undo/Redo approach satisfies the intention preservation and consistency maintenance correctness criteria for collaborative systems.
An alternative method for smartphone input using AR markers
Authors: Kang Yuna , Han Soonhung
Published: January 2015

As smartphones came into wide use recently, it has become increasingly popular not only among young people, but among middle-aged people as well. Most smartphones adopt capacitive full touch screen, so touch commands are made by fingers unlike the PDAs in the past that use touch pens. In this case, a significant portion of the smartphone's screen is blocked by the finger so it is impossible to see the screens around the finger touching the screen; this causes difficulties in making precise inputs. To solve this problem, this research proposes a method of using simple AR markers to improve the interface of smartphones. A marker is placed in front of the smartphone camera. Then, the camera image of the marker is analyzed to determine the position of the marker as the position of the mouse cursor. This method can enable click, double-click, drag-and-drop used in PCs as well as touch, slide, long-touch-input in smartphones. Through this research, smartphone inputs can be made more precise and simple, and show the possibility of the application of a new concept of smartphone interface.
Survey on the virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems
Authors: Lee Chi G. , Park Sang C.
Published: January 2015

This paper reviews and identifies issues in the application of virtual commissioning technology for automated manufacturing systems. While the real commissioning of a manufacturing system involves a real plant system and a real controller, the virtual commissioning deals with a virtual plant model and a real controller. The expected benefits of virtual commissioning are the reduction of debugging and correction efforts during the subsequent real commissioning stage. However, it requires a virtual plant model and hence still requires significant amount time and efforts. Two main issues are identified, the physical model construction of a virtual device, and the logical model construction of a virtual device. This paper reviews the current literature related to the two issues and proposes future research directions to achieve the full utilization of virtual commissioning technology.