bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERFIL DOS ÓBITOS POR INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO NO ESTADO DA BAHIA NO PERÍODO DE 2016 A 2020
Authors: Magalhães Giovanna Pereira
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil dos óbitos por infarto agudo do miocárdio, no estado da Bahia, no período compreendido entre 2016 e 2020. Espera-se, a partir das informações obtidas neste estudo, conhecer o perfil dos óbitos por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Estado da Bahia, bem como os dados sociodemográficos dos pacientes acometidos, além de fornecer aos gestores informações sobre indicadores de mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio úteis, para a formulação de políticas públicas e para a qualificação dos profissionais de saúde no processo de educação permanente voltada para a prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares.
L’équilibre ponctué et les leviers du changement en continu
Authors: Foucher Roland , Michaud Renée , Rasamoely Trimo D.
Published: May 2023

Cette recherche de nature qualitative et inductive, sous forme d’étude de cas, apporte un éclairage sur l’alternance entre les changements organisationnels en rupture et ceux en continu, ainsi que sur la conduite de ces derniers. Premièrement, l’analyse des pratiques déployées par l’entreprise à l’étude pour relier les deux types de changements et stimuler celui en continu indique qu’il est possible de retarder efficacement un nouveau changement en rupture, et d’ainsi influencer « l’équilibre ponctué ». Deuxièmement, l’analyse de ce cas et des écrits recensés inspire un modèle selon lequel les pratiques déployées pour impulser le changement en continu peuvent s’articuler pour créer des capacités dont les extrants, tel le réinvestissement des leçons tirées de l’expérience, représentent des leviers qui entretiennent ce changement en continu.
La justice organisationnelle et l’épuisement professionnel : une nouvelle mesure selon les opportunités en milieu de travail
Authors: Brien‐Robidoux Emmanuelle , Labrèche Camille , Hatier David‐Emmanuel , Paiement Anne‐Marie , Blais Mickael
Published: May 2023

La perception de justice organisationnelle a souvent été identifiée comme un antécédent de l’épuisement professionnel. Traditionnellement, la justice est étudiée quant à l’attribution des récompenses/punitions, mais la présente étude se penche précisément sur l’accès aux opportunités au travail telles que des promotions, des privilèges ou des mandats stimulants. Un questionnaire a été rempli par 153 travailleurs et encore six mois plus tard, par 100 d’entre eux. Une régression multiple a testé l’effet du changement des différents types de justice sur le changement d’épuisement professionnel. Les résultats indiquent que le changement de justice perçue entre les deux temps de mesure explique de manière significative l’épuisement professionnel au temps 2. La théorie de l’échange social apporte un éclairage sur ces résultats. Des pistes d’intervention favorisant la perception de justice dans les organisations sont discutées.
Chronic exposure to odors at naturally occurring concentrations triggers limited plasticity in early stages of Drosophila olfactory processing
Authors: Gugel Zhannetta V , Maurais Elizabeth G , Hong Elizabeth J
Published: May 2023

In insects and mammals, olfactory experience in early life alters olfactory behavior and function in later life. In the vinegar fly Drosophila, flies chronically exposed to a high concentration of a monomolecular odor exhibit reduced behavioral aversion to the familiar odor when it is reencountered. This change in olfactory behavior has been attributed to selective decreases in the sensitivity of second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs) in the antennal lobe that respond to the overrepresented odor. However, since odorant compounds do not occur at similarly high concentrations in natural sources, the role of odor experience-dependent plasticity in natural environments is unclear. Here, we investigated olfactory plasticity in the antennal lobe of flies chronically exposed to odors at concentrations that are typically encountered in natural odor sources. These stimuli were chosen to each strongly and selectively excite a single class of primary olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), thus facilitating a rigorous assessment of the selectivity of olfactory plasticity for PNs directly excited by overrepresented stimuli. Unexpectedly, we found that chronic exposure to three such odors did not result in decreased PN sensitivity but rather mildly increased responses to weak stimuli in most PN types. Odor-evoked PN activity in response to stronger stimuli was mostly unaffected by odor experience. When present, plasticity was observed broadly in multiple PN types and thus was not selective for PNs receiving direct input from the chronically active ORNs. We further investigated the DL5 olfactory coding channel and found that chronic odor-mediated excitation of its input ORNs did not affect PN intrinsic properties, local inhibitory innervation, ORN responses or ORN-PN synaptic strength; however, broad-acting lateral excitation evoked by some odors was increased. These results show that PN odor coding is only mildly affected by strong persistent activation of a single olfactory input, highlighting the stability of early stages of insect olfactory processing to significant perturbations in the sensory environment.
Characterization of Compost Made from Chicken Droppings and Fish Bones, and Its Application to Tomato Cultivation
Authors: Charles Dakole Daboy , Manuela Okala Bouillong Noelly , Aristide Molemb Nemeté , Martin Fonkoua , Blaise Dongmo Lekagne Joseph , Julienne Nguefack
Published: May 2023

The effect of compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones on soil quality and tomato production was evaluated. The soil of Bokito (Central Region-Cameroon) was amended with four variants C1, C2, C3 and C4 of compost at 5%, 10%, and 15% compost/soil (w/w). The experimental device was completely randomized en bloc with 5 repetitions for each treatment. The physicochemical, biological and biochemical parameters of compost and amended soils, as well as tomato production were evaluated.

The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained with C3 (1.96g/Kg) and C2 (0.42 g/Kg; 0.08 g/Kg) respectively. The different compost variants had a C/N ratio between 21.88 (C1) and 30.27 (C2) and their pH was basic. They were rich in exchangeable ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) and poor in heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu). A significant increase in the C/N ratio was noted in all the amended soils compared to the unamended soil. It varied from 12.50±0.10 (unamended soil) to 30.55±2.04 (C1 10%). Exchangeable ion concentrations (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+) were higher in amended soils. The bacterial biomass varied from 347 x 105UFC/g (C4) to 609 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (100 x105UFC/g). The fungal biomass varied from 470 x105UFC/g (C1) to 781 x105UFC/g (C2) values significantly higher than that of the unamended soil (120 x105UFC/g). The 15% C2 component presented the highest cellulase and protease activities with values 3 and 9 times higher than the unamended soil respectively. The compost variants C2 and C1 (15%) were generally more productive with respective values of 85 and 69 fruits, the tomato amended with the chemical fertilizer having given 24 fruits.

These results show that compost made from chicken droppings and fish bones could contribute to the development of green manure to enrich the soil, thus improving tomato production.
Marketing Efficiency and Marketing Constraints of Different Egg Marketing Channels in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Neelima Atla Sandhya , Singh K. M. , Ahmad Nasim
Published: May 2023

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to analyze the marketing efficiency of different egg marketing channels and marketing constraints faced by producers and marketing intermediaries in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The investigation is based on primary and secondary data collected from 90 poultry farmers and 30 marketing intermediaries from two randomly selected mandals of East Godavari district by interviewing the individual respondents during 2018-19. The respondents were selected using multistage random sampling techniques. In the study area, four predominant marketing channels were identified. Channel-I: Producer- Wholesaler- Retailer- Consumer; Channel-II: Producer- Wholesaler-Consumer; Channel-III: Producer- Retailer- Consumer; Channel-IV: Producer- Commission agent- Trader of other states. The results revealed that the price spread was less in channel-II (Rs.110) as compared to channel-I (Rs.150) and channel-III (Rs.120). Channel-II was found to be comparatively more efficient (3.63) than that channel-I (2.66) and channel-III (3.45). High price fluctuation, exploitation of intermediaries, seasonal nature of consumption, and perishability of eggs were the primary marketing problems faced by the producers. The major marketing problems faced by marketing intermediaries were high price fluctuation, seasonal consumption, perishability of eggs, high marketing cost and lack of grading at the farm level. It was observed from the marketing margin analysis that egg marketing was a profitable business in the study area. The findings, therefore, suggest that there is a broad scope for the development of layer farming and egg marketing in the district. The development of this enterprise may be helpful in employment generation and poverty alleviation in the district as well as the state.
Simulation Studies on Recovery of Acetonitrile from Aqueous Acetonitrile Waste from Pharmaceutical Processes
Authors: Tasleem Shuwana , Bomma Satish Kumar
Published: May 2023

This paper presents simulation studies on the recovery of Acetonitrile from aqueous Acetonitrile waste from pharmaceutical processes. The focus is on atmospheric distillation in two sequential columns to understand the separation feasibility of the system; the first column produces a distillate of azeotropic composition, which is mixed with a fresh stream and fed to a second column, which produces a 99.9% pure Acetonitrile in the residue. The effect of reflux ratio, reboiler duty and the fresh stream flowrate on the purity of the product is analyzed. The study was performed using steady state simulator Aspen Plus, version 11.1. The simulation results indicate that it is possible to obtain a product of 99.9% w/w Acetonitrile from a 1:1 feed with a recovery of ~ 60%.
Pediatric Psoriasis: Clinical Aspects and Comorbidities: A Study of 50 Patients in Morocco
Authors: Boubnane I. , Mehsas Z. , Sektaoui S. , Senouci K. , Ismaili N.
Published: May 2023

Aims: The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric psoriasis, as well as metabolic comorbidities and cardiovascular diseases.

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Dermatology department of the CHU of Rabat Morocco over a two- and half-year period.

Methodology: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study collecting the cases of psoriasis in children followed in the pediatric dermatology consultation of Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat Morocco over a two- and half-year period.

Results: We collected 50 patients. A female predominance was notedwith a sex ratio of 0.58. Concerning the antecedents; Parental consanguinity was identified in 8 % of cases, family history of psoriasis in only 6% and the atopy in 16%. The triggering factors were an infection in 12% of cases and psychological trauma in 6 % of cases. Concerning the metabolic comorbidity, one case of diabetes (2%), one case of obesity (2%) and three cases of overweight (6%) were noted. however, no cases of dyslipidaemia were reported.Psoriasis vulgaris was the most frequent clinical presentation (48 %), followed by guttate psoriasis (34%), inverted psoriasis (10%), napkin psoriasis (4 %) and blaskoline psoriasis (2 %). Palmoplantar involvement was observed in 10 % of cases, nail involvement in 22% and scalp involvement in 40 %. Oral mucosal involvement was noted in only one patient.
Quality Evaluation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Germplasms under New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal, India
Authors: Singh Luwangshangbam James , Pariari Anupam , Banik Souvick , Singha Utpal , Challam Dawan Arkini , Pariari Airish
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted at the Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India during March-May, of 2020 and 2021. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality content of 18 ginger germplasm and to identify the most suitable promising genotypes under New alluvial zone of West Bengal. The result of the study shows that maximum essential oil content was obtained from the genotype Surabhi (1.65%) followed by Gorubathan (1.60%), Hui local (1.57%) and the lowest in Takeng local (0.88%). Highest oleoresin content was observed in the genotype Surabhi (7.88%) followed by Hui local (6.42%), Thinglaidum (6.34%) and the lowest was observed in Meghalaya local (3.51%). Maximum dry recovery was recorded in the genotype Gorubathan (23.00%) followed by Surabhi (22.20%), Hui local (22.02%) and the minimum in Moran ada (16.62%). Maximum crude fibre content was recorded in the genotype Takeng local (7.58%) followed by Jorhat local (7.40%) and lowest was with Surabhi (4.49%). Further, the maximum moisture and ash content were observed in Thinglaidum (14.21%) and Moran ada (7.25%) respectively. Thus, the genotypes viz., Surabhi, Gorubathan, Hui local, Thingria, Thinglaidum and Nadia gave an overall appreciable amount of quality content and were considered to be most suitable promising genotypes for their quality content in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal.
Effect of Different Types of Lights on Growth, Yield and Quality of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala)
Authors: Santhi Polimetla Grace Oliva , Topno Samir Ebson
Published: May 2023

A research project was conducted to investigate the impact of different types of lighting on the growth, yield, and quality of Kale (Brassica oleracea var Acephala), under the Prayagraj Agro Climatic conditions. The experiment comprised of treatments T0 (Outdoor under sunlight), T1 (LED bulb white), T2 (LED tube white), T3 (General bulb), T4 (LED bulb full spectrum), T5 (LED white bulb + LED bulb full spectrum), T6 (LED tube white + LED bulb full spectrum), T7 (General bulb + LED bulb full spectrum), T8 (LED bulb full spectrum). To the study's findings, among the various treatment levels, treatment T2(LED tube white) showed the highest values in growth parameters such as plant height (30.01 cm), petiole length (15.07 cm), and number of leaves per plant (14.33 leaves). It also demonstrated the highest yield parameters, fresh weight of leaves (24.40 gms), leaves yield/bag (50.54 g). Additionally, T2 exhibited better quality parameters such as total soluble solids (3.23 °Brix), shelf-life (4.67 days), and chlorophyll content (56.40 nmol cm2), while the lowest values were observed in T4 (LED Full spectrum).
Diffusion - Convection Equation of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) in the Atmosphere and Its Analytical, Numerical Solutions by Using Finite Elements Method Using Parker Transport Equation
Authors: Raghavendra Ratnakaram , Kumari A. Saila
Published: May 2023

This study depicts that to find the Analytical and numerical solutions of Diffusion – Convections Equations of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) by Finite Element method (FEM) and also to find the Energy Equation of GCRs by using a part of Parker’s transport equation. This considers moreover centres on the exactness and acknowledgment of the FEM strategy by utilizing dissemination blunder, scattering mistake and add up to blunder investigation. The comes about are depicted both graphically and in a unthinkable frame, which essentially guarantees the method’s legitimacy and the algorithm’s proficiency to maintain the exactness, effortlessness, and nonlinear Convection-Diffusion Equation conditions.  The proposed method may be connected for tackling any nonlinear convection diffusion equation. We concentrate on assaying the confluence and stability of the nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation. This study focuses on the delicacy and acceptance of FEM method by exercising dispersion error dissipation error, and total error analysis.
Giant Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma: A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Anjali , Singh Suchita
Published: May 2023

Aims: To report a case of a rare giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma confirmed on histopathological examination and successful surgical excision with no recurrence.

Presentation of Case: A young male presented with a mass over his eyelid which was gradually increasing in size, leading to drooping of the upper eyelid with no other associated symptoms. The mass 20x15x10 mm was present over the upper lid, non-mobile, non-tender, and firm. On the CT scan, a well-defined round to oval hypodense cystic mass was seen to be originating from the left upper eyelid. The cyst was excised and sent for histopathological analysis. The histological appearance of cystic spaces lined by cuboidal epithelium and containing mucinous fluid was suggestive of eccrine hidrocystoma. There was no recurrence till 2 months of follow-up.

Conclusion: Eccrine hidrocystomas are 1-6 mm in size, generally 4 mm, and cysts larger than 10 mm are rare. Larger cysts have been described as “giant eccrine hidrocystoma.” Giant eyelid eccrine hidrocystoma is an unusual condition of the eyelid that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumours. They can be managed by complete surgical excision although recurrences are found to be common.
MAPEAMENTO E DIAGNÓSTICO DA PESQUISA EMPÍRICA EM DEMOCRACIA DIGITAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Sivaldo  Pereira da , Sampaio Rafael Cardoso , Fonseca Igor Ferraz da , Pompeu João Cláudio Basso
Published: May 2023

Este artigo faz um mapeamento da pesquisa empírica sobre Democracia Digital no Brasil, buscando identificar características, padrões e tendências deste campo interdisciplinar. O estudo analisou 267 artigos científicos publicados entre 2002 e 2018, rastreados por meio de quatro indexadores (Scielo, DOAJ, SPELL e Google Acadêmico). Foi aplicado um conjunto de indicadores bibliométricos, fazendo também uso de um método quanti-qualitativo a partir de técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Dentre as principais conclusões, demonstrou-se que existe predominância do gênero masculino entre os primeiros autores dos artigos, embora haja variações a depender da área de atuação do(a) pesquisador(a). Não obstante a evolução do campo e o caráter digital dos objetos, há um baixo uso de  softwares e instrumentos de extração automatizada de dados. Participação política, transparência e deliberação são os três temas mais abordados. Websites e mídias sociais são os objetos tecnológicos mais estudados. Em termos metodológicos, a análise de conteúdo prepondera de maneira significativa nos artigos, denotando que também há um déficit tanto em relação à variação de técnicas utilizadas quanto em relação à sofisticação metodológica, notadamente no que se refere à análise de dados.
Circulation First for the Rapidly Bleeding Trauma Patient—It Is Time to Reconsider the ABCs of Trauma Care
Authors: Ferrada Paula , Dissanaike Sharmila
Published: May 2023

This Surgical Innovation describes the advantages of prioritizing circulation in patients with compressible bleeding sources and in those with noncompressible torso injuries.
Rates of National Institutes of Health Funding for Surgeon-Scientists, 1995-2020
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Gonzalez Luis , Newman Ashley , Cannon Ashley , Zarebski Shenika A. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Pomahac Bohdan , Boatright Dowin , Dardik Alan
Published: May 2023

Importance

Surgeon-scientists are uniquely positioned to facilitate translation between the laboratory and clinical settings to drive innovation in patient care. However, surgeon-scientists face many challenges in pursuing research, such as increasing clinical demands that affect their competitiveness to apply for National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding compared with other scientists.

Objective

To examine how NIH funding has been awarded to surgeon-scientists over time.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results) database for research project grants awarded to departments of surgery between 1995 and 2020. Surgeon-scientists were defined as NIH-funded faculty holding an MD or MD-PhD degree with board certification in surgery; PhD scientists were NIH-funded faculty holding a PhD degree. Statistical analysis was performed from April 1 to August 31, 2022.

Main Outcome

National Institutes of Health funding to surgeon-scientists compared with PhD scientists, as well as NIH funding to surgeon-scientists across surgical subspecialties.

Results

Between 1995 and 2020, the number of NIH-funded investigators in surgical departments increased 1.9-fold from 968 to 1874 investigators, corresponding to a 4.0-fold increase in total funding (1995, $214 million; 2020, $861 million). Although the total amount of NIH funding to both surgeon-scientists and PhD scientists increased, the funding gap between surgeon-scientists and PhD scientists increased 2.8-fold from a $73 million difference in 1995 to a $208 million difference in 2020, favoring PhD scientists. National Institutes of Health funding to female surgeon-scientists increased significantly at a rate of 0.53% (95% CI, 0.48%-0.57%) per year from 4.8% of grants awarded to female surgeon-scientists in 1995 to 18.8% in 2020 (P < .001). However, substantial disparity remained, with female surgeon-scientists receiving less than 20% of NIH grants and funding dollars in 2020. In addition, although there was increased NIH funding to neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists, funding to urologists decreased significantly from 14.9% of all grants in 1995 to 7.5% in 2020 (annual percent change, −0.39% [95% CI, −0.47% to −0.30%]; P < .001). Despite surgical diseases making up 30% of the global disease burden, representation of surgeon-scientists among NIH investigators remains less than 2%.

Conclusion and Relevance

This study suggests that research performed by surgeon-scientists continues to be underrepresented in the NIH funding portfolio, highlighting a fundamental need to support and fund more surgeon-scientists.
Transcriptomic evidence for tumor‐specific beneficial or adverse effects of TGFβ pathway inhibition on the prognosis of patients with liver cancer
Authors: Desoteux Matthis , Maillot Betty , Bévant Kevin , Ferlier Tanguy , Leroux Raffaële , Angenard Gaëlle , Louis Corentin , Sulpice Laurent , Boudjema Karim , Coulouarn Cédric
Published: May 2023

Therapeutic targeting of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway in cancer represents a clinical challenge since TGFβ exhibits either tumor suppressive or tumor promoting properties, depending on the tumor stage. Thus, treatment with galunisertib, a small molecule inhibitor of TGFβ receptor type 1, demonstrated clinical benefits only in subsets of patients. Due to the functional duality of TGFβ in cancer, one can hypothesize that inhibiting this pathway could result in beneficial or adverse effects depending on tumor subtypes. Here, we report distinct gene expression signatures in response to galunisertib in PLC/PRF/5 and SNU‐449, two cell lines that recapitulate human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with good and poor prognosis, respectively. More importantly, integrative transcriptomics using independent cohorts of patients with HCC demonstrates that galunisertib‐induced transcriptional reprogramming in SNU‐449 is associated with human HCC with a better clinical outcome (i.e., increased overall survival), while galunisertib‐induced transcriptional reprogramming in PLC/PRF/5 is associated with human HCC with a worse clinical outcome (i.e., reduced overall survival), demonstrating that galunisertib could indeed be beneficial or detrimental depending on HCC subtypes. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of patient selection to demonstrate a clinical benefit of TGFβ pathway inhibition and identifies Serpin Family F Member 2 (SERPINF2) as a putative companion biomarker for galunisertib in HCC.
Less‐Suture Vascular Anastomosis: Development of Alternative Protocols with Multifunctional Self‐Wrapping, Transparent, Adhesive, and Elastic Biomaterials
Authors: Wu Jingxian , Lee Jaemeun , Jung Joo Young , Hwang Jeong Ho , Kim Ki‐Suk , Shin Mikyung , Lee Haeshin , Park Sun‐Hyun
Published: May 2023

Blood vessel anastomosis by suture is a life‐saving, yet time‐consuming and labor‐intensive operation. While suture‐less alternatives utilizing clips or related devices are developed to address these shortcomings, suture anastomosis is still overwhelmingly used in most cases. In this study, practical “less‐suture” strategies are proposed, rather than ideal “suture‐less” methods, to reflect real‐world clinical situations. In the case of rat artery (d = 0.64 mm) anastomosis, the less‐suture anastomosis involves the application of thin, adhesive, transparent, and self‐wrapping films to the site. This surprisingly reduces the number of stitches required from ten (without films) to four (with films), saving 27 min of operating time per vessel. Furthermore, the decreased number of stitches largely alleviates fibrosis‐mediated wall‐thickening. Thus, a less‐suture strategy is particularly useful for anastomosis of multiple vessels in emergency conditions and small‐diameter vessels.
Mechanism of Hydration Induced Stiffening and Subsequent Plasticization of Polyamide Aerogel
Authors: Moldován Krisztián , Forgács Attila , Paul Geo , Marchese Leonardo , Len Adél , Dudás Zoltán , Kéki Sándor , Fábián István , Kalmár József
Published: May 2023

The mesoporous polyamide (PA) aerogel similar in chemical structure to DuPont's Kevlar is an advanced thermal insulation material tested in airspace applications. Unfortunately, the monolithic aerogel readily absorbs humidity (from moist air), which dramatically alters its mechanical properties. The compressive strength of the PA aerogel first increases when its water content increases, but subsequently decreases following additional hydration. To provide a coherent explanation for this non‐monotonic change, the aerogel is hydrated stepwise and its hydration mechanism is elucidated by multiscale experimental characterization. The molecular structure is investigated by solid‐state and liquid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the morphology by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) at each equilibrium hydration state. The physico‐chemical changes in the molecular level and in the nanoscale architecture are reconstructed. The first water molecules bind into the vacancies of the intermolecular H‐bonding network of the PA macromolecules, which strengthens this network and causes concerted morphological changes, leading to the macroscopic stiffening of the monolith. Additional water disrupts the original H‐bonding network of the macromolecules, which causes their increased segmental motion, marking the start of the partial dissolution of the nanosized fibers of the aerogel backbone. This eventually plasticizes the monolith.
A Stiff‐Soft Composite Fabrication Strategy for Fiber Optic Tethered Microtools
Authors: Kaufman Georgia , Jimenez Jorge , Bradshaw Alyssa , Radecka Adia , Gallegos Michael , Kaehr Bryan , Golecki Holly
Published: May 2023

The ability to capture, manipulate, and release microscale objects using autonomous systems can enable widespread applications—from microsurgery and selective cell extraction to the assembly of complex microdevices. With continuing development of smart and environmentally responsive materials compatible with 3D printing, microgrippers with environmental adaptability can give rise to biocompatible devices. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and testing of hybrid stiff‐soft microgrippers using compliant synthetic polymers and hydrogels to achieve autonomous actuation while avoiding an overly complex mechanical gripping system are described. Building microgrippers using 2‐photon polymerization additive manufacturing based on nonplanar, bioinspired architectures on the end of an optical fiber is investigated. To control actuation, current regulated growth of hydrogels within the printed architecture is demonstrated. Forces are generated by expansive gels actuated by changes in pH, temperature, and application of light via optical fiber. The resulting multimaterial actuators incorporate inert skeletal components with active hydrogels on the tip of a 200 µm diameter core fiber. The response time, accuracy, and cyclic durability of hybrid grippers are evaluated. This work provides a foundation to integrate stimuli‐responsive mechanical functions with microscale optical devices to expand the suite of tools available for minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Exciton Linewidth and Exciton‐Phonon Coupling in 2H and 3R Bilayer WS2 Studied by Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectrum
Authors: Jiang Nai , Shi Jia , Wu Heng , Zhang Dong , Zhu Hui , Liu Xinfeng , Tan Ping‐Heng , Chang Kai , Zheng Houzhi , Shen Chao
Published: May 2023

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising platform for new photonic and optoelectronic devices. Exciton‐phonon interaction is critical in determining their characteristics such as the exciton coherence lifetime and linewidth. However, the exciton linewidth obtained by conventional reflection spectrum is greatly affected by the background signals, and the research into exciton‐phonon coupling difference induced by stacking‐order in multi‐layer structures is still lacking. In this work, the temperature‐dependent exciton linewidths of CVD‐grown large‐area monolayer, 2H and 3R‐stacking bilayer WS2 based on a self‐designed reflective magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrum are systematically investigated. It is found that 2H‐bilayer WS2 exhibits significantly larger exciton linewidth compared with monolayer and 3R bilayer, which can be attributed to the appearance of new phonon‐assisted relaxation channels caused by interlayer coupling. Meanwhile, 3R bilayer with a redshifted exciton peak has a narrower linewidth than 2H phase because the interlayer hopping is suppressed, resulting in the absence of interlayer scattering channel. These results provide intuitive evidence for the exciton linewidth‐broadening and exciton‐phonon coupling in different stacked layers and open up new vistas for the development of TMD‐based narrow‐linewidth nano‐sensors devices.
Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology: Energy Buffering Control to Reduce Shut‐Down Events and Enhance System Resilience under Different Solar Days
Authors: Li Sheying , Voigt Achim , Cai Yang‐Hui , Schäfer Andrea I. , Richards Bryce S.
Published: May 2023

Fluctuating and intermittent solar energy cause shut‐down and reduce resilience of photovoltaic powered membrane (PV‐membrane) systems. A charge controller based on pre‐set voltage thresholds for supercapacitors (SC) is designed and employed on varied solar days to cope with these issues. Several parameters—number of shut‐down events (#SD), shut‐down duration (tSD) and resilience factor in flux (RFflux)—are quantified. The controller reduces tSD by 37% (partly cloudy) and 12% (very cloudy), and #SD by 2 and 13 events, respectively. During the 90 min fluctuations, tSD is shortened to 1–4.5 min and #SD is reduced by 1–4 events for feed water salinities of ≤7.5 g L−1. Increasing the PV power capacity to 600–1000 W, zero #SD occurs and RFflux rises from 0.3 to 0.8, indicating enhanced system resilience.
Integrated Multifunctional Electronic Skins with Low‐Coupling for Complicated and Accurate Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Ge Chuanyang , An Xuyang , He Xinxin , Duan Zhan , Chen Jiatai , Hu PingAn , Zhao Jie , Wang Zhenlong , Zhang Jia
Published: May 2023

Multifunctional capability and low coupling electronic skin (e‐skin) is of great significance in advanced robot systems interacting with the human body or the external environment directly. Herein, a multifunctional e‐skin system via vertical integrated different sensing materials and structures is presented. The multifunctional e‐skin has capacity sensing the proximity, pressure, temperature, and relative humidity simultaneously, with scope of 100–0 mm, 0–30 N, 20–120 °C and 20–70%, respectively. The sensitivity of the four kinds of sensors can be achieved to 0.72 mm−1, 16.34 N−1, 0.0032 °C−1, and 15.2 pF/%RH, respectively. The cross‐coupling errors are less than 1.96%, 1.08%, 2.65%, and 1.64%, respectively, after temperature compensation. To be state‐of‐the‐art, a commercial robot is accurately controlled via the multifunctional e‐skin system in the complicated environment. The following and safety controlling exhibit both accuracy and high dynamic features. To improve the sensing performance to the insulating objects, machine learning is employed to classify the conductivity during the object approaching, leading to set the threshold in dynamic. The accuracy for isolating the insulator increases from 18% to 88%. Looking forward, the multifunctional e‐skin system has broader applications in human–machine collaboration and industrial safety production technology.
Elevating the Orbital Energy Level of dxy in MnO6 via d–π Conjugation Enables Exceptional Sodium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Xia , Yao Yebo , Wang Dewei , Yao Shuyun , Wang Shiyu , Fu Zhenzhen , Li Yongjia , Wang Jinrui , Hou Zishan , Gao Xueying , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming
Published: May 2023

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) suffer from inherently low electronic conductivity, while atom orbital related regulation can be critical to promote the electron transfer kinetics in energy storage applications. Herein, the study utilizes a d–π conjugation strategy to improve the electronic conductivity of TMOs. Briefly, phthalocyanine (Pc) molecules with large conjugated systems are selected to modify transition metal oxide (δ‐MnO2). By density functional theory (DFT) simulations, it is clarified that the strong d–π conjugation between MnO2 and Pc can elevate the orbital energy level of low energy orbital (dxy) in MnO6 units, which further activates the redox activity of dxy. The delocalized π electrons from Pc to MnO6 unit repel the original dxy electrons, and then elevate the dxy orbital energy level, thus facilitating the electron transfer in MnO2‐Pc. Subsequently, the MnO2‐Pc exhibits a significant specific capacitance of 310 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. At a power density of 900 W kg−1, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor delivers a maximal energy density of 50.3 Wh kg−1. This work paves the way to boost the redox activity of transition metal center in TMOs by regulating the orbital energy level, which can be expanded to design other advanced energy materials.
Fluorine‐Rich Covalent Organic Framework to Boost Electrochemical Kinetics and Storages of K+ Ions for Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Lim Haeseong , Park Junkil , Kim Min‐Soo , Jung Ji‐Won , Kim Jihan , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: May 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring ordered nanopores with numerous accessible redox sites, have drawn much attention as promising electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. Thus far, however, COF‐based battery electrodes have exhibited limited capacity and unsatisfactory cycling stability due to the unwanted side reactions over their large surface area. Herein, a fluorine‐rich covalent organic framework (F‐COF) as an electrode material with improved stability and performance for potassium‐ion batteries is developed. The fluorinated COF not only stabilizes intercalation kinetics of K+ ions but also reinforces its electron affinity and conductivity, improving the reversibility of bond transitions during discharge–charge cycles. As a result, F‐COF affords a high specific capacity (95 mAh g−1 at fast rates up to 5 C) and excellent cycling stability (5000 cycles with ≈99.7% capacity retention), outperforming the pristine COF‐based electrodes devoid of F atoms. Notably, the experimental capacity of F‐COF approaches its theoretical value, confirming that a large proportion of electroactive sites are being actively utilized. Altogether, this work addresses the significant role of F atoms in improving the K+‐ion storage capability of COFs and provides the rational design principles for the continued development of stable and high‐performance organic electrode materials for energy storage devices.
Quasi‐Topological Intercalation Mechanism of Bi0.67NbS2 Enabling 100 C Fast‐Charging for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Zhuoran , Xu Hengyue , Xu Wenjing , Peng Baixin , Zhao Chendong , Xie Miao , Lv Ximeng , Gao Yusha , Hu Keyan , Fang Yuqiang , Dong Wujie , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2023

Alloying‐type bismuth with high volumetric capacity has emerged as a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries but suffers from large volume expansion and continuous pulverization. Herein, a coordination constraint strategy is proposed, that is, chemically confining atomic Bi in an intercalation host framework via reconstruction‐favorable linear coordination bonds, enabling a novel quasi‐topological intercalation mechanism. Specifically, micron‐sized Bi0.67NbS2 is synthesized, in which the Bi atom is linearly coordinated with two S atoms in the interlayer of NbS2. The robust Nb−S host framework provides fast ion/electron diffusion channels and buffers the volume expansion of Na+ insertion, endowing Bi0.67NbS2 with a lower energy barrier (0.141 vs. 0.504 eV of Bi). In situ and ex situ characterizations reveal that Bi atom alloys with Na+ via a solid‐solution process and is constrained by the reconstructed Bi−S bonds after dealloying, realizing complete recovery of crystalline Bi0.67NbS2 phase to avoid the migration and aggregation of atomic Bi. Accordingly, the Bi0.67NbS2 anode delivers a reversible capacity of 325 mAh g−1 at 1 C and an extraordinary ultrahigh‐rate stability of 226 mAh g−1 at 100 C over 25 000 cycles. The proposed quasi‐topological intercalation mechanism induced by coordinated mode modulation is expected to be be conducive to the practical electrode design for fast‐charging batteries.
Generation of tandem alternative splice acceptor sites and CLTC haploinsufficiency: A cause of CLTC‐related disorder
Authors: Sage Adam P. , Lee Hyun Kyung , Dalmann Joshua , Lin Susan , Samra Simran , Salman Areesha , Del Bel Kate L. , Li Wenhui Laura , Lehman Anna , Turvey Stuart E. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Richmond Phillip A.
Published: May 2023

Tandem splice acceptors (NAGNnAG) are a common mechanism of alternative splicing, but variants that are likely to generate or to disrupt tandem splice sites have rarely been reported as disease causing. We identify a pathogenic intron 23 CLTC variant (NM_004859.4:c.[3766‐13_3766‐5del];[=]) in a propositus with intellectual disability and behavioral problems. By RNAseq analysis of peripheral blood mRNA, this variant generates transcripts using cryptic proximal splice acceptors (NM_004859.4: r.3765_3766insTTCACAGAAAGGAACTAG, and NM_004859.4:r.3765_3766insAAAGGAACTAG). Given that the propositus expresses 38% the level of CLTC transcripts as unaffected controls, these variant transcripts, which encode premature termination codons, likely undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). This is the first functional evidence for CLTC haploinsufficiency as a cause of CLTC‐related disorder and the first evidence that the generation of tandem alternative splice sites causes CLTC‐related disorder. We suggest that variants creating tandem alternative splice sites are an underreported disease mechanism and that transcriptome‐level analysis should be routinely pursued to define the pathogenicity of such variants.
Synthesis of Benzo[c]azepine‐1,3(2H)‐diones via C−H Alkylation/Cyclization with α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Fluorides
Authors: Hosoi Satoko , Hirata Yuki , Kurihara Takumaru , Kojima Masahiro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: May 2023

Transition‐metal‐catalyzed directed C−H functionalization reactions are a powerful method to construct N‐heterocycles. However, compared to the formation of five‐ and six‐membered rings, that of seven‐membered rings has been much less explored. Here, the synthesis of benzo[c]azepine‐1,3(2H)‐diones is described, which are benzene‐fused seven‐membered imides, from hydroxamates and α,β‐unsaturated acyl fluorides via C−H activation using a Cp*Rh(III) catalyst. Under mild reaction conditions, this reaction affords benzo[c]azepine‐1,3(2H)‐diones that bear a substituent at the 5‐position.
Predictors and preventers of postoperative bedridden status in the elderly ages over 75 after emergency general surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nagakawa Kantoku , Taniguchi Ken , Yukutake Aki , Kawaguchi Yuta , Matsumoto Ryo , Akashi Momoko , Hirayama Takanori , Hirabaru Masataka , Sakimura Chika , Minami Shigeki , Eguchi Susumu
Published: May 2023

Aim

We investigated the proportion of bedridden patients after emergency surgery among the elderly ages over 75; defined as the latter‐stage elderly in Japan, the associated factors, and interventions used to prevent it.

Methods

Eighty‐two latter‐stage elderly patients who underwent emergency surgery for non‐traumatic illness between January 2020 and June 2021 in our hospital were included in the study. Backgrounds and various perioperative factors were compared retrospectively between the groups including patients who became bedridden from Performance Status Scale 0 to 3 before admission (Bedridden group) and those who did not (Keep group).

Results

Three cases of death and seven patients who were bedridden before admission were excluded. The 72 remaining patients were divided into the Bedridden group (n = 10, 13.9%) and the Keep group (n = 62, 86.1%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of dementia, pre‐ and postoperative circulatory dynamics, renal dysfunction, coagulation abnormality, length of stay in the high care unit/intensive care unit, and number of hospital days, with a relative risk of 13 (1.74–96.71), a sensitivity of 1.00, and a specificity of 0.67 for a preoperative shock index of 0.7 or higher being associated with the Bedridden group. Among patients with a preoperative shock index of 0.7 or higher, there was a significant difference in SI at 24 h postoperatively between the two groups.

Conclusion

Preoperative shock index may be the most sensitive predictor. Early circulatory stabilization seems to be protective against patients becoming bedridden.
Delayed massive bleeding from minor splenic injury due to mechanical chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Nakao Shota , Fukuma Hiroshi , Matsuoka Tetsuya
Published: May 2023

Background

Splenic injury due to chest compressions is a rare and fatal complication that occurs immediately after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Case Presentation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was carried out using a mechanical chest compression device in a 74‐year‐old Japanese female patient who underwent cardiac arrest. Computed tomography postresuscitation revealed bilateral anterior rib fractures. Other traumatic findings were not observed. Coronary angiography revealed no new lesions; the cause of the arrest was hypokalemia. She received mechanical support with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and multiple antithrombotic agents. Her hemodynamic and coagulative condition became life‐threatening on day 4; abdominal ultrasound revealed massive bloody ascites. Only a minor splenic laceration was observed intraoperatively, despite massive bleeding. Furthermore, her condition stabilized after splenectomy and blood transfusion. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was discontinued on day 5.

Conclusion

In patients with postcardiac arrest, delayed bleeding due to minor visceral injury should be considered, particularly for coagulation abnormalities.
Preparation of high‐performance natural rubber composites: Plasma‐foaming agent‐modified kaolin and flash‐drying technology
Authors: Xu Zhenchun , Xiao Yao , Zhou Yukun , Hong Yufei , Lai Qingxiang , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

A combination of plasma‐foaming double dispersion method, flash drying technology, and potassium oleate (PO), a plasma‐ and environmentally‐friendly foaming agent, were used to modify kaolin. The use of high‐energy plasma disrupts the stacking agglomeration formed between kaolinite lamellae, increases the contact area between the lamellae, and PO reduces the polarity of kaolinite to realize the effective surface modification of kaolinite. PO decreases the polarity of kaolin and weakens the strength of the interfacial bonds formed between kaolin and rubber. Modified kaolin and natural latex are deposited on the surface of high‐temperature rollers for instant drying, and a decrease in the contents of non‐rubber components, such as proteins and phospholipids accompanies the progress of the rapid drying process. Thus, the gas barrier performance of the composite was higher than that of the traditional dry blend by 42.9%. The tensile strength of the prepared composite was higher than that of the traditional blend by 9%, and the aging coefficient of the fabricated composite was higher than that of the traditional blend by 45.5%. Herein, a new environmentally friendly and energy‐saving method has been proposed for the fabrication of natural rubber composites characterized by excellent gas‐tightness using natural mineral resources.
The influence of knowledge type and source reputation on preferences for website or video search results
Authors: Pardi Georg , Gottschling Steffen , Kammerer Yvonne
Published: May 2023

Searching for information on the web has become an essential task in our society. This article presents a preregistered experimental study that investigates how the knowledge dimension (conceptual, procedural) and relevance of displaying spatiotemporal changes (high, low) for a given search task affect searchers' preference for different resource modalities (websites, videos). Additionally, effects of source reputation (high, low) were examined. Participants were confronted with 16 learning tasks and respective mock‐up video or website search results and had to indicate the likelihood of selecting the respective search results. The learning tasks varied regarding their knowledge dimension and their degree of spatiotemporal changes. Search results varied regarding source reputation and resource modality. Study results showed that search results with low source reputation were more likely to be selected when they were video results as compared to website results. Furthermore, for learning tasks with a high degree of spatiotemporal changes, a preference for videos over website results was found, while a low degree of spatiotemporal changes did not lead to modality preferences. To conclude, both knowledge dimension and degree of visuospatial changes of learning tasks seem to be promising classifications to consider for understanding users' source and modality selection during web‐based learning.