bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the level of nondegradable protein on digestibility of nutritive substances in fattening lambs
Authors: Ruzic-Muslic D. , Grubic G. , Petrovic M.P. , Negovanovic D. , Nesic Z. , Perisic P. , Zujovic M.
Published: September 2009

Results of the investigation of the effect of the level of nondegradable protein in concentrate mixtures on digestibility of nutritive substances in fattening lambs are presented in this paper. Physiological research included 18 male lambs crosses Pirot Pramenka x W?rttemberg x Ile de France, average body mass of approx. 35,0 kg, divided into three groups. Lambs were fed iso-protein concentrate mixtures which differed in relation to share of protein non-degradable at the rumen level: 43% (I), 51% (II) and 58% (III). Trial results indicate that the level of protein adoption was not under the influence of investigated treatment, considering that digestibility coefficients were: 52,58% : 51,30% : 55,12%. With the increase of share of nondegradable protein in concentrate mixtures (43: 51: 58%), also tendency of increase of fat digestibility was observed: 76,13 : 77,98 : 87,17%, but decrease of degree of cellulose digestion: 67,40 : 45,87: 22,39% and NFE: 83,87 : 76,05 : 82,96%.
Lyme disease: The great imitator
Authors: Savic-Jevdjenic S. , Grgic Z. , Vidic B. , Petrovic A.
Published: September 2009

Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis can occur in domestic animals and in people, with no characteristic symptoms. That is why Lyme disease is often diagnosed and treated as some other disease. Clinical symptoms of this disease are not specific and they can look like a number of different diseases, which is why the disease is called - the great imitator. The reservoirs of the disease are ticks Ixodes ricinus. During the research from 2005 to 2007 it was established that the prevalence with Lyme borreliosis exists within the tick population. The objective of this paper is a survey of the presence of Lyme disease in different populations of different animal species (horses, cattle, sheep and dogs) in the region where the infection of ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi was established in the percentage of 25-28%. The methods used were the ones for the determination of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks, with a dark field microscopy, and also the presence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi was determinate with a complement fixation reaction, in the blood sera of horses, sheep, cattle and dogs. As the result it was found that the cause of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi is constantly present within the tick population. In examined horses and cattle the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi was not found, while in sheep and dogs, the presence of antibodies was found. Any seropositive animal, and also an infected tick, represents a danger for the human population and also for other animals, which are in the surrounding. Lyme disease is usually not mortal, but it can create a lot of problems leading to the decrease of production in domestic animals or an illness with clinical symptoms in humans, horses and dogs.
The bacterial infections of respiratory tract of swine
Authors: Dosen R. , Prodanov J. , Milanov D. , Stojanov I. , Pusic I.
Published: September 2009

Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problem in modern, intensive swine production, in the world but also in our country. Intensifying pig production increases frequency and economic importance of this disease, regardless to the measures for its control. Great economic losses are expressed through direct losses due to death and compulsory slaughter, reduced daily gain, a larger feed intake for average daily gain, prolonged time of fattening, enlarged costs of treatment and a high percentage of light pigs in abattoirs. As a material for research we used the parts of respiratory organs (the lungs and mediastinal lymphonodes) deriving from 125 pigs in total. The evaluation included animals from: 11 industrial swine farms, four medium sized swine farms, and swine deriving from 17 individual (private) backyards. Bacterial isolation was carried out by aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophyl microorganism cultivation. The identification included determination of their phisiological properties by biochemical characteristics. From the examined samples of respiratory organs, the most frequently were isolated Pasteurella sp. (26.57%), E. coli (26.57%), Streptococcus sp. (16.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (5.59%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.90%). The solitary infective agens from total 72 examined samples was isolated (57.60%), while in 53 examined samples (42.4%) the presence of mixed infection was detected.
The effect of genotype on muscle fibre characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum of fatteners
Authors: Wojtysiak D. , Migdał W.
Published: September 2009

The aim of this study was to compare muscle histochemical composition in m. longissimus lumborum between different crossbreed fatteners. The research was carried out on 36 fatteners from three different crossbreed (12 animals in each) as follows: group I [?Duroc x Hampshire?], group II [?Polish Landrace x (Duroc x Hampshire)?] and group III [?(Polish Landrace x Polish Large White) x (Duroc x Hampshire)?]. For histochemical analysis of muscle fibre types the activity of dehydrogenase NADH2 (diaphorase) was detected using specific histochemical testes. The results of the current histochemical investigations showed that genotypes of fatteners can influence on histochemical composition of the muscle fibre types - especially on percentage and size of muscle fibre. These changes can have some influence on meat consumption quality.
Quality of meat from broilers fed concentrate mixtures with different chromium source and level
Authors: Tolimir N. , Pavlovski Z. , Mitrovic S. , Blagojevic M. , Anokic N.
Published: September 2009

Objective of the paper was to investigate if adding of chromium in different forms (organic and inorganic) and levels (quantities) to mixtures for broilers has any effect on broiler meat traits. Investigation was carried out on 840 chickens divided into four groups - treatments. Differences between groups (treatments) were in the form (organic and inorganic) and quantity of added chromium preparation (200 and 400 ppb) in basic mixtures for chicken nutrition. At the end of fattening (42 days) 48 broilers were dissected and shares of certain tissues in breasts, thighs and drumsticks were determined as well as chemical composition and tenderness of meat. Based on obtained results it can be concluded that adding of chromium in the amount of 200ppb resulted in statistically very significant increase of share muscle tissue and decrease of share of fat tissue in breasts, also tendency of improvement of the muscle tenderness of breasts and drumsticks was registered. When chromium was added in the amount of 400ppb, tendency of decrease of fat content of white meat was registered. No statistically significant differences were established in case of addition of 200ppb of chromium in regard to share of muscle and fat tissue in breasts, chemical composition and tenderness of broiler meat.
Biological and production characteristics of certain lines of honey bee in Serbia
Authors: Nedic N. , Mladenovic M. , Stanisavljevic Lj.
Published: September 2009

During the previous decades the natural populations of honey bee Apis mellifera carnica at the territory of Republic of Serbia has been subjected to constant negative influence of man, in first place through deployment of pesticides, herbicides and other chemical substances requisite in agriculture, but also due to uncontrolled import of and crossbreeding with the other breeds of this bee. For the purpose of preservation of existing populations and natural diversity of honey bee and for the purpose of their further selection, researches upon the metric morphology and productive features of certain individual populations of choice at the territory of Republic of Serbia. In this study the quantity of the nest, of bees and of honey with two East Serbian lines (S and L) of honey bee during the spring season have been the subject of survey. The S line has shown more advanced development having 1.06 frames more and 0.11 bees more in the second year assessed. At the Szabo test of honey productivity the S line has shown in both years assessed that it had collected 29.91% and 49.51% more honey per respective year than the line L bees. Through the survey of morphological parameters we have come to conclusion that the differences in length of the forewing and the rear wing, cubital index, length of the tongue and number of spikes at the rear wing have been statistically very significant (p < 0.01).
Phenotypic correlations of productive and reproductive traits of Simmental cows
Authors: Pantelic Vlada , Skalicki Z. , Petrovic M.M. , Aleksic S. , Miscevic B. , Ostojic-Andric D.
Published: September 2009

Research included 3.461 first calving Simmental cows in control, with lactations concluded within one year. All first calving cows were reared by private/individual farmers on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Phenotypic correlations between following milk and fertility traits have been investigated: duration of lactation DL, milk yield MY, milk fat content MFC, milk fat yield MFY, yield of 4% FCM, age at first calving AFC and duration of service period DSP. Results of the investigation of phenotypic correlations are obtained using mixed models LSMLMW (Harvey 1990). This method enables optimal consideration of numerous effects on investigated traits (bull sires, region, calving season, and calving year). Phenotypic correlation of traits in cattle breeding relates to presence of mutual positive or negative covariance which is result of the effect of genetic and factors of the environment. Information on phenotypic correlations between milk and fertility traits can be of great importance in selection of cows, since it provides possibility to choose/select heads based on several traits at the same time. .
Share of tissue in retail cuts of carcasses of young cattle
Authors: Aleksic Stevica , Josipovic S. , Tomasevic D. , Marinkov G. , Ostojic-Andric D.
Published: September 2009

In order to determine the content of certain tissues in retail (main) cuts of young cattle carcasses, dissection of 30 carcass sides from young cattle was performed. Average weight of carcass sides was 169 kg. Average share of meat (approx. 86%) in carcass parts of the 1st category (leg), in carcass parts of the 2nd category (loin, back, shoulder) approx. 78%, and in carcass parts of the 3rd category (neck, subshoulder, foreshank, breast, ribs, belly, leg) approx. 73% was determined. Share (average) of bones in carcass parts of the 1st category was approx. 11%, 2nd category approx. 18%, and 3rd category approx. 20%. Share (average) of fat in carcass parts of the 1st category was approx. 2,0%, 2nd category approx. 3,5%, and 3rd category approx. 5,5%. Average share of binding tissue in carcass parts of the 1st category was approx. 0,3%, 2nd category approx. 0,7% and 3rd category approx. 1,5%. .
Effect of the probiotic 'Lactina' on some biological parameters and nonspecific resistance in neonatal pigs
Authors: Gudev D. , Popova-Ralcheva S. , Moneva P. , Ignatova M.
Published: September 2009

Twenty four pregnant Danube white sows were allocated to 4 groups. All animals were fed basal diet formulated to meet their nutrient requirements. In addition to the basal diet, the sows from the II group were given the probiotic 'Lactina' (500 g/ton) from the 5 day of pregnancy until the weaning of their offspring (35 days of age ) and their piglets were offered 800 g/ton Lactina during the pre-starter period and 500 g/ton throughout the starter period. The probiotic was only supplemented to the sows in the III group and to the piglets of the IV group in the same quantities as those in the second group. Both sows and piglets diets in the I (control) group were not supplemented with Lactina. Blood samples were taken from 20 randomly chosen piglets (5 in each group) at 5 and 35 days of age. The probiotic Lactina, supplemented both to the sows and piglets diets (II group) , increased complement activity in the piglets (P<0.05) at 5 days of age compared to control group, while the addition of Lactina to sows only (III group) or to piglets only (IV group) did not produce significant effect. Supplemental Lactina decreased plasma cholesterol level (P<0.05) at 35 days of age in II group of piglets. Plasma indol level declined in the piglets of the II group at the age of 35 days, while urea level were not changed in any of the Lactina supplemented groups, with the exception of the IV group where the piglets had higher (P<0.001) urea level at 5 days of age. Taken together our results indicate that the beneficial effect of Lactina on the nonspecific response and on the studied biological parameters is most emphasized when the probiotic is supplemented both to the sows and piglets diets. Besides, Lactina stimulated complement activity at the beginning of the neonatal period (5 day) and had no effect at the end of the neonatal period (35 day).
The effect of organic selenium on slaughter value, physical-chemical and technological quality characteristic of pork
Authors: Lagin L. , Bobcek B. , Mrázová J. , Debrecéni Ondrej , Adamec M.
Published: September 2009

The work results clearly confirmed the suitability to use organic selenium in feed mixture for pigs with the purpose of improving production indicators, the slaughter value of animals as well as physicalchemical and technological quality characteristic of pork meat. The results point out the main advantages of organic selenium application in pig rearing. These advantages are selenium retention in muscles and tissues of pigs, positive effect on meat quality with lower occurrence of pale, watery meat (PSE) syndrome, lower loses by dripping from slaughter halves and better nutritional value of meat which is significantly enriched by selenium. According to the present knowledge, higher selenium content in groceries has the positive effect on people's health by lowering the occurrence of cardio-vascular diseases, brain and thyroid disorders and by improving of a body immune system. The organic selenium form features enable effective transfer through the food chain and it is beginning to be utilized worldwide with modern concept of production, so called functional groceries, among which we can list also animal products enriched by organic selenium.
A method for Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa diagnostication in draft horses
Authors: Georgescu S. , Manea M. , Dinischiotu A. , Tesio C. , Costache M.
Published: September 2009

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) is an inherited disease which causes skin lesions in newborn foals and results in large areas of skin loss. The mutation responsible for the disease is a cytosine insertion in the LAMC2 gene, which results in absent expression of the laminin ?2 polypeptide chain of laminin 5. JEB is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (Spirito et al. 2002, Milenkovic et al. 2003, Spirito et al. 2002). Our objective was to develop an easy and efficient method for correctly identifying the normal homozygous and heterozygous carrier horses for the JEB trait. We analyzed a population of Romanian Draft Horses using a set of primers which amplify a fragment from the LAMC2 gene possibly containing the insertion. The number of allele peaks depends on whether the horse tested is a heterozygote (carrier) or homozygote (normal or JEB affected). Results suggest that the genetic test will be useful in identifying horses which are heterozygous for the JEB trait and foals with JEB.
Possibility of replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride in cooked sausages: Sensory characteristics and health aspects
Authors: Lilic Slobodan , Matekalo-Sverak V. , Borovic B.
Published: September 2009

Sodium is common cause of human hypertension. Large amount of sodium originate from meat products. Modern trends of nutrition prompt to low amount of sodium in these products. In this paper the possibility of substitution of sodium chloride with potassium chloride in amount of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% in the model meat products, type of cooked sausages, is investigated. Taste acceptability of products by quantitive-descriptive scale was assessed. The data were analyzed for each product by variance analysis and by comparison of means. Products with 20% and 40% replacement of NaCl with KCl were acceptable, those with 60% were in the limit of acceptability and products with 80% KCl were unacceptable. There is the possibility of replacement sodium chloride by potassium chloride in meat products, but limited by its bitter taste.
Prediction of lactation milk yield using various milk recording methods
Authors: Gantner Vesna , Jovanovac S. , Raguz N. , Klopcic M. , Solic D.
Published: September 2009

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various milk recording methods (A4, AT4, A6, AT6) on prediction accuracy of 100, 200 and 305-day milk yield. The data used in this study were 11,430 individual test-day milk yield records collected from November 2004 to November 2006 on 813 cows reared on 15 family farms in Croatia. Milk recording was performed according to A4 and A6 milk recording method by the field officer of the Croatian Livestock Centre. From the corrected database with test-day records, two different datasets were created. The first dataset (A4; n = 7,500) included test day records collected every four weeks, while the second dataset (A6; n = 3,830) included test day records collected every six weeks. When lactation milk yields were predicted from alternative milk recording methods (AT4, AT6), daily (24 h) milk yield was estimated from single evening or morning milk yield using linear model that taken into account effect of interval between successive milkings. Lactation milk yield was calculated for three different days in milk (100, 200 and 305 days) using the Test Interval Method (TIM) that is reference method by ICAR (ICAR, 2003). Results show that the alternate milk recording method at 4-week intervals provides low bias and high accuracy of prediction of 100, 200 and 305-milk yields, while milk recording methods at 6-week intervals gives prediction of 305-milk yield with higher bias and lower accuracy.
Effects of accompanying use of heat treated corn grain and whole soybeans in concentrates on weaned calves performances
Authors: Stojanovic B. , Grubic G. , Djordjevic N. , Adamovic M. , Radivojevic M.
Published: September 2009

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of simultaneous using heat-treated corn grain as basic energy source and heat treated whole soybeans as protein source, in diet for calves 60-120 days old. The main predicted effects were improved energy and nutrients utilization efficiency and production performances of calves at this age. Thirty-six weaned Holstein calves were used, there were three treatments using different concentrates, formulated as: concentrate with micronized corn grain and extruded whole soybeans (KTT); concentrate with non-treated corn grain and soybean meal (KTN); concentrate with non-treated corn grain and extruded whole soybeans (KS). The marked effects of simultaneous use of heat-treated corn grain and whole soybeans were determined for feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio, FCR was 6,2% higher for calves on KTT than on KTN and 4,3% higher than on KS treatment). Efficiency of energy utilization (MJ ME/kg of gain) was better for calves on diet with KTT concentrate (5.8 % and 5.3% lower efficiency of metabolic energy utilization for KTN and KS treatment respectively). Consumed crude protein was better utilized for growth by calves on KTT diets, than other two treatments (10.8 % more CP/kg of growth for KTN, and 7.5% more for KS).
Influence of yeast, probiotics and enzymes in rations on dairy cows performances during transition
Authors: Sretenovic Ljiljana , Petrovic Milan , Aleksic S. , Pantelic Vlada , Katic V. , Bogdanovic V. , Beskorovajni R.
Published: September 2009

The main goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of some additives included into high yielding dairy cows rations to overcome the problems in early lactation. These substances directly affect the productive performances of dairy cows as well as udder health. The commercial name of investigated preparation is 'YEASTURE' and it is composed of live yeast cultures selected from three strains Saccharomyces cerevisisiae in combination with probiotic bacteria and enzymes (Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryzae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, 1,3-b and 1,6 D-Glucan, hemicellulase, Protease, Cellulase, Alpha amylase) which have the ability to modify the fermentation in rumen stimulating the development of ruminal bacteria and increasing the fibre digestion. Effects of this preparation have been investigated on 60 Holstein-Friesian cows divided into two groups. The diets were identical, and trial group received also 10 g of preparation Yeasture daily. Application of Yeasture started 15 days prior to calving and lasted until 60th day of lactation As a research result improved in vitro disappearance of diet dry matter from roughage (alfalfa hay, maize silage and ensiled sugar beet pulp) was established. Preparation Yeasture influenced quantity and composition of the milk. The difference between trial and control group was 2.57 kg 4%FCM or 8.70% (P<0.01) and 7.16% milk fat (P<0.05).Trial group supplemented with Yeasture showed lower somatic cells count by 7.3 percent points what indicated better health of cow's udder. Based on the presented results it can be concluded that inclusion of preparation Yeasture into diets for dairy cows in transition period can be recommended.
The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in poultry feed
Authors: Krnjaja Vesna , Stojanovic Lj. , Cmiljanic R. , Trenkovski S. , Tomasevic D.
Published: September 2009

In Serbia, commercial feedstuffs are an important component in modern animal husbandry, but there is no information available about fungal contamination. Because of that the aim of this study was to determine the mycoflora incidence in poultry feeds. A total of 230 samples of poultry feeds were examined for total fungi count and the presence of potential toxigenic fungi genera. Total fungi count were 1-9 x 104 CFU g-1 in the most of investigated poultry feed samples (38.26%). The most prevalent fungi genera were Fusarium (56.09%) and Aspergillus (54.35%), followed by Rhizopus (40%), Penicillium (30.87%), Mucor (30.04%) and the least frequency species were from genus Alternaria (3.48%).
Naked neck: Autochthonous breed of chicken in Serbia: Carcass characteristics
Authors: Pavlovski Z. , Skrbic Zdenka , Lukic M. , Vitorovic D. , Petricevic V.
Published: September 2009

Objective of the research was to establish the growth of body mass and slaughter characteristics of the autochthonous chicken breed - naked neck of different varieties (white, black, gray) in our country, reared in extensive system. Fattening lasted 98 days (14 weeks). In the paper, the growth of body mass of chickens at the age of 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks of fattening are presented, also slaughter yields, conformation measures, shares of major carcass parts and roasting loss. Average body mass varied from 1108.93g (W), 1080.26 g (B) and 1005.00g (G). Slaughter yield 'traditionally dressed carcass' varied from 75.09% (B) to 76.58% (G), yield 'ready to cook' from 67.88 (W) to 68.76 (G) and yield 'ready to grill' from 58.38% (W) to 58.89 (G). Obtained mean values of conformation measures indicated poor carcass built of chickens of both sexes and were result of strong effect of body mass of chickens. Considerable effect of variety and sex on differences between mean values for major carcass parts (breast, thighs, drumsticks, wings) was not established. Further research shall be necessary in order to confirm the hypothesis that naked neck chickens have better meat quality for which the consumers who prefer natural food are prepared to pay higher price. .
The effect of stocking density on certain broiler welfare parameters
Authors: Skrbic Zdenka , Pavlovski Z. , Lukic M. , Peric L. , Milosevic N.
Published: September 2009

In broiler production, stocking density, i.e. floor surface per chicken, is very important welfare factor which directly and indirectly influences and determines the level of growth of chicken body weight, but it is also related to other welfare indicators. Objective of the paper was to define the broiler welfare in different stocking densities by evaluation of their walking ability (gait score), feathering, incidence and degree of hock burns, foot pad lesions, and by determination of the biochemical blood parameters (glucose concentration, total cholesterol concentration), as indicators of condition of stress. One day old chickens of Hubbard genotype were housed in boxes in floor rearing system, in 3 stocking densities and 5 repetitions of each treatment. Treatment A scored stocking density of 10 birds/m2; treatment B, 13 birds/m2 and treatment C, 16 birds/m2. Results of the trial indicate absence of significance of differences between trial groups of broilers in regard to their walking ability, condition of skin and legs, and stress indicators. In general, broiler welfare in all trial groups was satisfactory. However, determined tendencies of worsening of the condition of litter, increase of the frequency of lower scores for walking ability (gait score), hock burns and foot pad lesions which occur with increase of stocking density, indicate the importance of this rearing factor and need to define limiting stocking densities from the aspect of broiler welfare but also economical efficiency of production. .
Investigation of the effect of mass prior to slaughtering on slaughter values of male fattening young cattle of domestic Simmental breed
Authors: Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Pantelic V. , Novakovic Z. , Stanisic N. , Novakovic M.
Published: September 2009

For the purpose of investigation of factors important for slaughter yield results, a trial with three groups of young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed of different body masses was carried out. Young cattle in the first group (G1) (n=6) had average body mass of 509,00 kg (475-525), in the second group (G2) of young cattle (n=7) average body mass of 554,29 kg (530 - 575) was recorded and in the third group of young cattle (G3) (n=8) 591,13kg (580-615). Subsequent to slaughtering warm carcass sides were measured individually, with and without kidney fat, mass of internal organs was measured (kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, spleen) and mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm). After cooling carcass sides were cut into main parts. Based on obtained results of research it was established that male cattle of group (G2) of Domestic Simmental breed of average body mass of 554,29 kg have realized higher slaughter yield compared to groups G1 and G3, whereas the share of kidney fat was the same in all three groups of young cattle. Share of mass of internal organs was the lowest in young cattle of group G2 (2,47%) whereas in other two groups it was the same. Share of mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm) in all three groups of young cattle was the same. Share of mass of round (I category part of the carcass) was the highest in young cattle of group G3 (29,86), and statistically significantly (P<0.05) lower in group G1 (28,39). Share of carcass parts of II category (loin, back, shoulder) was the lowest in young cattle of group G3 (23,655), and of carcass parts of category III (second thigh, second fore thigh, neck, breasts, ribs, belly) in young cattle of group G2 (44,45%). .
The effect of the level of application of selection and breeding criteria as factors of sustainable sheep production on productive traits of sheep in extensive rearing system
Authors: Petrovic M.P. , Sretenovic Lj. , Muslic Ruzic , Mekic C. , Maksimovic N.
Published: September 2009

For the purpose of realization of the project of development of sustainable sheep production systems, in this paper, the major influences on production parameters of sheep in conditions of Stara Planina Mountain are investigated. Using the knowledge of gene effects, with good breeding programs, it is possible to realize, with more or less success, planned annual genetic progress of traits which are of interest to the breeders. This relates first of all on gain of lambs and milk yield in sheep. As already known, traits of body development and milk production vary depending on the factors of hereditary nature, but also factors of the environment. Therefore, the level of application of selection-breeding criteria is of great practical importance, which is confirmed also in this paper, and level of significance was statistically confirmed. Also, for complete creation of the program of improvement of sheep milk and meat production it is important to be aware of the effect of the breed itself, as well as of type of birth on production parameters, which was taken into consideration during investigation, processing and presentation of data in this paper. Obtained results show that majority of observed factors had significant effect on realized production of sheep. .
Chemical characteristics of poultry slaughterhouse byproducts
Authors: Okanovic Djordje , Ristic M. , Kormanjos S. , Filipovic S. , Zivkovic B.
Published: September 2009

In this study, nutritional components that are obtained during poultry slaughtering having significance with respect to processing into animal feeds were investigated. By-products obtained during poultry slaughtering are considered very valuable raw materials for production of highly valuable animal feeds and energetic feeds. Recognition of chemical and physical characteristics of the raw materials represents essential prerequisite for conduction of any technological process, for proper raw materials handling as well as for the equipment and machines design that are necessary for acceptance and processing of the inedible slaughterhouse by-products. Authors have found that the nitrogen complex of the examined raw materials contains predominantly proteins. Digestible nitrogen for all investigated raw materials equals approximately with total nitrogen content, indicating that all proteins from these raw materials are accessible for utilization in animal organism, with exception of feathers that need special technological processing. Basic chemical composition, nitrogen fractions and amino acid composition of the inedible by-products from poultry slaughterhouses indicate that the processing of these raw materials could be directed into production of swine and pet feeds production, as well in production of bio fuels and biogas. Blood and feathers anyhow represent significant protein source, and soft wastes, heads and legs, as well as the mixed raw material, besides as protein source, can be regarded as raw fat source. .
Modern aspects of marking of animals
Authors: Kucevic Denis , Trivunovic S. , Plavsic M. , Stankovski S. , Ostojic G.
Published: September 2009

The conventional marking and identification of animals can be done in several different ways. With the application of modern informatics and electronics solutions, it is possible to substitute conventional ways with the different types of the electronic marking and identification. All types of electronic identification for transferring data are using the technology of the radio frequency (RFDI). With application of electronic marking, it is possible to achieve a great number of advantages of which the most important are the high precision of reading the data, individual supervision for every animal, automatic input of data, processing and keeping the information as a permanent actualization of data base. It is necessary to remove all existing defects and in future to work on the improvement of existing types of the electronic marking of animals. .
Fingerprinting of fecB gene in five Egyptian sheep breeds
Authors: el Hanafy , el Saadani
Published: September 2009

Recently, many aspects of FecB gene, including reproductive endocrinology, organs development and body mass have been studied. FecB has an additive effect on litter size and ovulation. The present investigation was carried out to study polymorphism by forced PCR-RFLP of FecB gene in five Egyptian local sheep breeds and its comparison with other foreign sheep breeds. Genomic DNA was isolated from a total of 100 animals of Egyptian sheep breeds namely Rahmani, Ossimi, Awassi, Barki and Awassi x Barki crossbred. Forced PCR of the FecB gene 190 base pair (bp) was amplified using specific primer designed to introduc a point mutation in the resulting PCR products with FecB carrier sheep containing an AvaII restriction site (G|GACC), whereas products from noncarriers lacked (of) this site. Digestion of FecB gene 190 base pair with AvaII restriction enzyme resulted in non carrier 190 bp band (wild type) in all the animals belonging to the five Egyptian breeds studied revealing absence of this restriction site in those five breeds. .
Possibilities and significance of has implementation (Halal assurance system) in existing quality system in food industry
Authors: Ceranic S. , Bozinovic N.
Published: September 2009

Islamic community in Serbia has opened and agency for certification of Halal Quality System in food industry and in this way helped food producers who want to develop their businesses in that direction. 'Halal' is a term contrary to 'haram' and it means legal. Every producer wishing to obtain halal certificate must previously introduce and implement quality control system which will provide not only production according to hala standards but also purchasing of halas raw materials and accompanying material. Halal quality system can be implemented into existing quality system. At the same time this system defines organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, activities, possibilities and resources with same mutual purpose that products, processes or services satisfy defined goal - halal product. .
Distribution of the most common weeds from fam. Asteraceae in Srem
Authors: Igic Ruzica , Konstantinovic Branko , Polic Dubravka , Anackov Goran
Published: September 2009

Weeds fall into a specific ecological group of plants and man should play the key role in controlling the process of their formation and the rate of their spreading. Damage caused by weeds is significant in both the agricultural and natural ecosystems. Therefore, special care should be paid to the current rate of their spreading, ensuring that the caused environmental changes do not become irreversible. The paper summarizes the locations in which the most common weed types of the Asteraceae family (Cichorium intybus, Cirsium arvense, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale) are found. They are recorded on the UTM coded maps of Vojvodina (10x10 km). Presence of the Cirsium arvense (L) Scop., the most common plant species in the area of Srem, has been recorded in fewer locations in the south of Srem in comparison with the rest of its territory. Taraxacum officinale Web. and Cichorium intybus have spread at a lesser rate, while Sonchus arvensis has spread the least of all the species that are subject to this research.
Residual activity of pirimifos-methyl and deltamethrin against plodia interpunctella hubner and sitotroga cerealella olivier in maize and acanthoscelides obtectus say in beans
Authors: Kljajic Petar , Milosevski Nada , Peric Ilija
Published: September 2009

Effects of contact insecticides pirimifos-methyl and deltamethrin of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella Hbn. and Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. in maize, and on bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say in beans were examined 6 and 18 months after treatment in laboratory environment. Using appropriate methods (EPPO and other), maize and bean were treated with recommended and double rates of the insecticide products: EC formulation of pirimifos-methyl and EC formulation and dust of deltamethrin. After 6 and 18 months, we examined the mortality of P. interpunctella larvae, and 5. cerealella and A. obtectus adults following 2,7 and 14 days of contact with the treated material. In Angoumois grain moth and bean weevil, the resulting progeny was monitored up to FI generation. Both insecticides achieved full mortality of P. interpunctella larvae on the 6-month-old deposit. On the 18-months-old deposit, the same result was achieved with deltamethrin dust (both rates), as well as with pirimifosmethyl and deltamethrin (EC formulation) at the double recommended rates. S. cerealella mortality was 100% for both insecticides and both deposit ages. Regarding A. obtectus, full mortality of adults was found after contact with pirimifos-methyl and deltamethrin dust, while deltamethrin liquid caused low mortality of bean weevil, especially the 18-months-old deposit. FI generation adults of Angoumois grain moth and bean weevil were found only on 18-months-old deposits of the recommended rates of deltamethrin dust and pirimifos-methyl. The tested contact insecticides can provide very long prevention and control of Indian meal moth and Angoumois grain moth in stored maize and bean weevil in stored beens.
Tolerance of spring and winter wheats to herbicide in in vitro culture
Authors: Kondic-Spika Ankica , Jevtic Radivoje
Published: September 2009

Spring and winter wheat varieties have been compared for tolerance to tribenuron in the zygous embryo culture. Four randomply selected varieties of each spring and winter wheat were used for embryo isolation. The embryos were grown for 30 days in a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium to which tribenuron was added in three different concentrations (18.75 mgl~ 37.50 mgl", 56.25 mgl 1). The percentage of surviving calli and the percentage reduction of callus fresh mass in relation to the control variant served as parameters of tolerance. All of the tested parameters indicated that the winter wheats had a higher level of tolerance to the herbicide than the spring wheats.
Temperature dependent effects of insecticides on sugar beet weevil - Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ
Authors: Vukovic Slavica , Indjic Djusanka , Klokocar-Smit Zlata
Published: September 2009

The aim of the investigation was the assessment of toxicity of different insecticides to Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ. at different temperature (14, 20 and 25?C) under controlled conditions. B. punctiventris adult were exposed to Monokrotofos 20-WSC (Monocrotophos) at concentration 0.4, 0.2 0.1%, Agrometrin 20-EC (Cypermethrin) at 0.05, 0.025. 0.012% and Cimogal (Monocrotophos + Cypermethrin) at 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025% applied at filter paper and fed with treated sugar beet seedlings. The exposition time varied from l to 28 h and was determined upon insecticides toxicity. The effect was assessed upon mortality percentage. The mortality was found to be dependent on insecticide concentration and temperature conditions. After being exposed 18 h at 14?C to Monocrotophos, dependent on concentration applied the mortality ranged from 35 to 63,8%. At 20?C, the corresponding values ranged from 70.8 to 76.3%, at 25?C - from 46.3 to 100%. Under same conditions exposition to Cypermethrin 4 h at 14?C gave mortality from 66.3 to 100% 28.8-83.8% at 20?C and from 1.3 to 55% at 25?C. After being exposed only 3 h to Monocrotophos+Cypermethrin mortality ranged from 10,0 to 68.8% at 14?C 27.5 to 98.8% at 20?C and 1.3 to 37.0% at 25dC. The highest mortality of B. punctiventris adults was induced by Cypermethrin at 14?C, with Monocrotophos at 25?C and Monocrotophos + Cypermethrin at 20?C. It was concluded that temperature conditions dictate the choice of insecticide for B. punctiventris control. The environmental conditions during applications are of vital importance for successful control.
Control of some sunflower pests by seed treatment
Authors: Keresi Tatjana , Sekulic Radosav , Masirevic Stevan , Forgic Gordana , Maric Vlada
Published: September 2009

During 2000 and 2002, several assays were carried out to study efficacy of insecticide treatment of sunflower seeds against soil pests (larvae of the Elateridae and Scarabaeidae families) and the corn weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll). Used in the trials were the following insecticides thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + tefluthrin, carboturan, fipronil and imidacloprid, and in first year granulated forat and liquid carbosulfan lindan. The parameters for evaluation of insecticides efficacy were stand density and the percentage of plants damaged by corn weevil. Majority of tested insecticides provided significantly higher stand density in relation to untreated control, so that can be used for dressing of sunflower seeds against soil pests under modest to middle populations. The most prospective are thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and carbofuran, that contain systemic properties and can protect young plants from pests of the above ground during early spring.
Omnimite 500 efficacy studies in control of Panonychus ulmi Koch
Authors: Rajkovic Dragana , Jurisic Aleksandar , Ratajac Ruzica
Published: September 2009

In the paper are given efficacy study results of the pesticide Omnimite 500 (a.i. propargiet) in control of Panonychus ulmi Koch on the apple of Ajdared variety. Studies were performed in two localities, Beska and Irmovo. Treatment was performed twice in 15 days period in June and July 2002. Very significant initial population was previously monitored. Evaluation shows high efficacy in all four replications. In apple orchards in the locality Beska, in regard to standard, average efficacy was 94.06. In apple orchards in the locality Irmovo efficacy was in average higher, i. e. 98.11%.
Liriomyza bryoniae kltb. (Diptera: agromyzidae): An important pest in glasshouse vegetables
Authors: Dimic Nenad , Peric Pantelija
Published: September 2009

Tomato leaf miner Liriomyza bryoniae Kltb. found in glasshouses in the area of Lazarevac was investigated. Morphological characteristics, development host plants and harmful effects caused to selected vegetables were studied. The leaf miner infestation had caused deterioration of local cucumber crops causing and average 4.64 injury category, and an average 95.67% damage to the assimilation surface. Tomato was also affected, but the injury was in considerably lower degree (level 4.0), and some injury was found on pepper (level 2.0). The miner was merely recorded to be present in garden bean (injury level 0-1). Attention is drawn to the need for timely insecticide treatments, as well as compounds that could be used to control L. bryoniae.
Spider mite (atari: tetranychidae) resistance to acaricides
Authors: Marcic Dejan
Published: September 2009

Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) were known before the so-called chemical era of plant protection as a minor threat to what were then mostly low-productivity agro-ecosystems. Various predators kept spicier mite populations mostly below the control threshold. After World War Two. however, the growing use of organophosphorus insecticides (designed primarily to control key pest insects) provoked a rapid evolution of resistance to organophosphates and made spider mites an economically threatening pest species. The grow inn resistance to organophosphates and altered level of harmfulness of Tetranychidae have imposed the need for synthesizing specific acaricides i.e. compounds primarily intended for controlling that group of phytophagous mites. However, ever since 1950s resistance of Tetranvchus spp. and Panouxchus spp. populations/strain to all major acaricides has been recorded after such brief periods as several years. Serious failures in controlling them have increasingly induced research into the phenomenology, evolution and mechanisms of resistance of Tetranychidae to acaricides. The paper provides a brief survey of the history and characteristics of resistance and summarizes data on factors of evolution and molecular mechanisms of spider mite resistance to acaricides. emphasizing some elements of the programme of preventive activities.
Comparative analysis of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) resistance monitoring methods
Authors: Stankovic Sladjan , Zabel Anton , Kostic Miodrag , Sestovic Milorad
Published: September 2009

Insecticide efficacy for Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) control rapidly decreases due to development of resistance. Resistance causes harmful impact to both, economy and ecology. Resistance monitoring has one of the most important roles in avoiding these problems. Early detection and resistance monitoring could prolong use of insecticides. Standard laboratory methods (impregnated filter papers, insect dipping glass surface spraying and topical application) for Colorado Potato Beetle resistance detection were tested. Because of it's best performances for most parameters, topical application was chosen by comparative analysis for further investigations. It is also determined, that adults are more suitable for testing.
Selectivity of the sulfonylurea herbicide group in the crop of maize inbred lines
Authors: Milivojevic Milivoje , Stefanovic Lidija , Husic Ivan , Simic Milena , Hojka Zdravko
Published: September 2009

The selectivity of the nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl and rimsulfuron herbicides in relation to 20 PL maize inbred lines was monitored. Obtained results were compared with the untreated control. The following parameters were measured during the growing period: plant height (cm): ear height (cm) leaf width at the ear bottom (cm): tassel length (cm); number of primary tassel branches; grain yield at the and of growing season (t/ha) and grain moisture percentage (%). The effects of applied herbicides on observed maize inbred lines showed different degrees of selectivity. Average values of estimated parameters for all studied inbreeds differed significantly over applied herbicides. Nicosulfuron was most selective.
Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Pers. isolates from different hosts to Dicarboximides
Authors: Tanovic Brankica
Published: September 2009

A total of 106 isolates of B. cinerea, originating from strawberry and raspberry fruits, grapes, and leaves of lettuce, were studied for resistance to iprodione and vinclozoline. Based on initial growth on PDA containing 10 mg/L iprodione or vinclozoline, the isolates were classified into four categories: resistant, low-sensitive, medium-sensitive, and high-sensitive to these fungicides. The isolates are considered resistant if they start growing simultaneously on both fungicide amended and fungicide free medium (up to two days after their transfer). Low-sensitive are those isolates whose growth starts between 2nd and 4th day after the transfer onto fungicide amended medium. The isolates are regarded as medium-sensitive if they start growing in five to twelve days on the same medium. High-sensitive isolates do not grow on fungicide amended medium up to twelve days after the transfer. The isolates expressed high sensitivity to both iprodione and vinclozolyie. The largest portion of all the isolates tested (68.9%) was classified as high-sensitive to iprodione, while resistant isolates were not recorded whatsoever. Moreover, none of the isolates from strawberry (Preljina locality), raspberry, and grapevine were classified as low-sensitive to iprodione whereas 6% of the isolates from lettuce belonged to this category. Similar results were obtained in the case of vinclozoline. As much as 77.4% of the isolates were highly sensitive to vinclozoline. In addition, resistant isolates were not noticed at all. Twelve per cent of the isolates from lettuce were of low sensitivity, but there were no isolates from strawberry (Preljina locality), raspberry, or grapevine attributed to this category.