bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rates and Determinants of Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Soccer Athletes
Authors: Howard Jennifer S. , Lembach Mark L. , Metzler Adam V. , Johnson Darren L.
Published: December 2015

Background:

Factors and details regarding return to play in elite, collegiate female soccer athletes after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction have not been well studied.

Purpose:

To evaluate return to play among collegiate female soccer players, specifically examining the effect of surgical and individual athlete characteristics on the return-to-play rate.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Sports medicine and athletic training staff at institutions from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Southeastern Conference (SEC) were contacted to request participation in the study. All institutions were sent a standardized spreadsheet with response choices and instructions regarding athlete inclusion criteria. Athlete, injury, surgical technique, and return-to-play data were requested for ACL reconstructions performed on female soccer athletes at the participating institutions over the previous 8 years. χ2 analyses were used to compare the return-to-play rate by year in school, scholarship status, position, depth chart status, procedure, graft type, graft fixation, concomitant procedures, and previous ACL injuries.

Results:

All 14 of the SEC institutions chose to participate and provided data. A total of 80 ACL injuries were reported, with 79 surgical reconstructions and return-to-play data for 78 collegiate soccer athletes. The overall return-to-play rate was 85%. There was a statistical significance in return-to-play rates favoring athletes in earlier years of eligibility versus later years ( P < .001). Athletes in eligibility years 4 and 5 combined had a return-to-play rate of only 40%. Scholarship status likewise showed significance ( P < .001), demonstrating a higher return-to-play rate for scholarship athletes (91%) versus nonscholarship athletes (46%). No significant differences in return-to-play rates were observed based on surgical factors, including concomitant knee procedures, graft type, and graft fixation method.

Conclusion:

Collegiate female soccer athletes have a high initial return-to-play rate. Undergoing ACL reconstruction earlier in the college career as well as the presence of a scholarship had a positive effect on return to play. Surgical factors including graft type, fixation method, tunnel placement technique, concomitant knee surgeries, and revision status demonstrated no significant effect on the return-to-play rate.
Return to Training and Playing After Acute Lisfranc Injuries in Elite Professional Soccer and Rugby Players
Authors: Deol Rupinderbir Singh , Roche Andrew , Calder James D.F.
Published: December 2015

Background:

Lisfranc joint injuries are increasingly recognized in elite soccer and rugby players. Currently, no evidence-based guidelines exist on time frames for return to training and competition after surgical treatment.

Purpose:

To assess the time to return to training and playing after Lisfranc joint injuries.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A consecutive series of 17 professional soccer and rugby players in the English Premier/Championship leagues was assessed using prospectively collected data. All were isolated injuries sustained during training or competitive matches. Each player had clinical and radiological evidence of an unstable Lisfranc injury and required surgical treatment. A standardized postoperative regimen was used. The minimum follow-up time was 2 years.

Results:

Clinical and radiological follow-up was obtained in all 17 players. Seven players had primarily ligamentous injuries, and 10 had bony injuries. The time from injury to fixation ranged from 8 to 31 days, and hardware was removed at 16 weeks postoperatively. One athlete retired after a ligamentous injury; the remaining 16 players returned to training and full competition. Excluding the retired player, the mean time to return to training was 20.1 weeks (range, 18-24 weeks) and to full competition was 25.3 weeks (range, 21-31 weeks). There was a significant difference between the mean time to return to competition for rugby (27.8 weeks) and soccer players (24.1 weeks; P = .02) and for ligamentous (22.5 weeks) compared with bony injuries (26.9 weeks; P = .003). Three patients suffered deep peroneal nerve sensation loss, from which 1 patient did not fully recover.

Conclusion:

Return to competitive elite-level soccer and rugby is possible after surgically treated Lisfranc injuries. Return to training can take up to 24 weeks and return to playing up to 31 weeks, with bony injuries taking longer.
Age Differences and Educational Attainment Across the Life Span on Three Generations of Wechsler Adult Scales
Authors: Kaufman A. S. , Salthouse T. A. , Scheiber C. , Chen H.
Published: December 2015

Patterns of maintenance of ability across the life span have been documented on tests of knowledge ( Gc), as have patterns of steady decline on measures of reasoning ( Gf/Gv), working memory ( Gsm), and speed ( Gs). Whether these patterns occur at the same rate for adults from different educational backgrounds has been debated. In addition, age-related research is needed to study global IQs, especially in view of the increased reliance on IQ in capital punishment court cases. In this study, large representative samples of adults tested during the standardizations of three versions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) served as subjects: WAIS-R ( N = 1,480, ages 20-74), WAIS-III ( N = 2,093, ages 20-90), and WAIS-IV ( N = 1,800, ages 20-90). Based on regression analysis, patterns of aging on Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and the four abilities (a) were essentially the same for males versus females and (b) characterized all levels of education across three generations of Wechsler’s adult scales.
Naviguer entre espaces virtuel et réel pour faire ses achats: exploration de l’expérience de shopping hybride
Authors: Collin-Lachaud Isabelle , Vanheems Régine
Published: December 2015

Cette recherche porte sur l’expérience de shopping combinant des navigations entre les espaces marchands réel et virtuel. L’analyse de trente-cinq récits de consommateurs permet de comprendre et de conceptualiser cette expérience sous l’angle d’une diversité de trajectoires vécues comme naturelles et sans effort par les répondants. En effet, même si les canaux ne sont pas intégrés, l’expérience vécue par le client n’en est pas pour autant fragmentée. Celle-ci peut même être sublimée par le rôle très actif joué par le consommateur. Les résultats mettent aussi au jour l’importance d’une dimension sociale de l’expérience cross-canal qui permet au consommateur de rester connecté avec sa sphère privée ce qui constitue un apport à la littérature existante. Des pistes de réflexion managériales sont proposées notamment sur la manière dont les professionnels peuvent co-construire des formes inédites de shopping avec leurs clients et sur les limites d’un shopping à la fois « sans-couture » et trop formaté.
Overcoming physical constraints in bone engineering: ‘the importance of being vascularized’
Authors: Genova T , Munaron L , Carossa S , Mussano F
Published: December 2015

Bone plays several physiological functions and is the second most commonly transplanted tissue after blood. Since the treatment of large bone defects is still unsatisfactory, researchers have endeavoured to obtain scaffolds able to release growth and differentiation factors for mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and endothelial cells in order to obtain faster mineralization and prompt a reliable vascularization. Nowadays, the application of osteoblastic cultures spans from cell physiology and pharmacology to cytocompatibility measurement and osteogenic potential evaluation of novel biomaterials. To overcome the simple traditional monocultures in vitro, co-cultures of osteogenic and vasculogenic precursors were introduced with very interesting results. Increasingly complex culture systems have been developed, where cells are seeded on proper scaffolds and stimulated so as to mimic the physiological conditions more accurately. These bioreactors aim at enabling bone regeneration by incorporating different cells types into bio-inspired materials within a surveilled habitat. This review is focused on the most recent developments in the organomimetic cultures of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells for bone tissue engineering.
Osteoblast functions in functionally graded Ti-6Al-4 V mesh structures
Authors: Nune KC , Kumar A , Misra RDK , Li SJ , Hao YL , Yang R
Published: December 2015

We describe here the combined efforts of engineering and biological sciences as a systemic approach to fundamentally elucidate osteoblast functions in functionally graded Ti-6Al-4 V mesh structures in relation to uniform/monolithic mesh arrays. First, the interconnecting porous architecture of functionally graded mesh arrays was conducive to cellular functions including attachment, proliferation, and mineralization. The underlying reason is that the graded fabricated structure with cells seeded from the large pore size side provided a channel for efficient transfer of nutrients to other end of the structure (small pore size), leading to the generation of mineralized extracellular matrix by differentiating pre-osteoblasts. Second, a comparative and parametric study indicated that gradient mesh structure had a pronounced effect on cell adhesion and mineralization, and strongly influenced the proliferation phase. High intensity and near-uniform distribution of proteins (actin and vinculin) on struts of the gradient mesh structure (cells seeded from large pore side) implied signal transduction during cell adhesion and was responsible for superior cellular activity, in comparison to the uniform mesh structure and non-porous titanium alloy. Cells adhered to the mesh struts by forming a sheet, bridging the pores through numerous cytoplasmic extensions, in the case of porous mesh structures. Intercellular interaction in porous structures provided a pathway for cells to communicate and mature to a differentiated phenotype. Furthermore, the capability of cells to migrate through the interconnecting porous architecture on mesh structures led to colonization of the entire structure. Cells were embedded layer-by-layer in the extracellular matrix as the matrix mineralized. The outcomes of the study are expected to address challenges associated with the treatment of segmental bone defects and bone-remodeling through favorable modulation of cellular response. Moreover, the study provides a foundation for a new branch of functionally graded materials with interconnected porous architecture.
Modulation of osteoblast behavior on TiNxOy coatings by altering the N/O stoichiometry while maintaining a high thrombogenic potential
Authors: Moussa Mira , Fontana Pierre , Hamdan Farah , Cattani-Lorente Maria , Scherrer Susanne S , Banakh Oksana , Wiskott Anselm HW , Durual Stéphane
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Titanium nitride oxide (TiNxOy) coatings are known to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osseointegration when compared to microrough titanium implants. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the beneficial effects of TiNxOy coatings observed with implant osseointegration are dependent on N/O stoichiometry, with the final goal of optimizing these benefits.

MMs

TiNxOy coatings with various N/O compositions were deposited on microrough titanium plates (Ti-SLA, 11 × 11 mm). Human primary osteoblast (hOBs) proliferation and gene expression were analyzed for a time course of three weeks, with or without additional stimulation by 1.25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 100 nM. Platelet adhesion/activation and thrombin generation were also assessed.

Results

hOBs proliferation gradually increased with the amount of oxygen contained in the coatings. The effect was observed from day 7 to reach a maximum at day 10, with a 1.8 fold increase for the best coating as compared to Ti-SLA. SEM views indicated that cells adhered, spread and elongated faster on oxygen-rich TiNxOy films, while the differentiation process as well as the thombogenic potential was not affected.

Conclusions

The effect of TiNxOy coatings on osteoblast is dependent on their chemical composition; it increases with the amount of oxygen. TiNxOy coatings may act as a catalyst for cell-adhesion and proliferation early after seeding. In contrast, thrombogenicity of Ti-SLA surface is not affected by TiNxOy application.
Facets of Male Violence Against Women With Substance Abuse Problems: Women With a Residence and Homeless Women
Authors: Beijer Ulla , Scheffel Birath Christina , DeMartinis Valerie , af Klinteberg Britt
Published: December 2015

The aims of this study were to investigate the type and extent to which women with substance abuse problems have been exposed to male violence during their lifetime, and to examine possible differences between women with a residence (WR) and homeless women (HW). The total sample included 79 women (WR, n = 35; HW, n = 44; M age = 47.8 years). Of the total sample, 72 women (91%) had experienced different kinds of male violence, 88% from former partners, and 26% from male friends or acquaintances. Of the 72 women, 71% further reported “Countless occasions of violent events,” and 36% had been forced to commit criminal acts. Abused women who had been forced to commit criminal acts were significantly more frequently found to be homeless, have reported parental alcohol and/or drug problems, have witnessed domestic violence in childhood, have been victims of sexual violence, have used illicit drugs as a dominant preparation, and have injected illicit drugs. Almost half of the abused women (46%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), where HW showed an almost 4-time higher risk (RR 3.78) than WR. In conclusion there is a particular vulnerability in women with substance abuse to male violence, which has an important impact on their health status. Thus, from a public health perspective, it is suggested that for those women who have experienced male violence, treatment protocols need to include both assessing and addressing the impact of such experience in relation to substance abuse as well as concomitant health concerns.
“I Don’t Care About What You Want!” The Relation Between Juvenile Delinquents’ Responses to Social Problem Situations and Empathy in Secure Juvenile Institutions
Authors: Heynen E. J. E. , van der Helm G. H. P. , Wissink I. B. , Stams G. J. J. M. , Moonen X. M. H.
Published: December 2015

The present study examined the relation between juvenile delinquents’ responses to social problem situations and empathy in secure juvenile institutions. The sample consisted of 79 delinquent boys (62%) and 49 delinquent girls (38%), aged 12 to 19 years. Results showed problems with accepting authority to be negatively related to both affective and cognitive empathy. Inadequate coping with competition was negatively related to cognitive empathy, whereas problems with receiving or giving help were negatively related to affective empathy. The central role of authority problems suggests that group workers could influence adolescents’ empathy development by helping them to learn to cope with social problem situations.
Supervisor Moral Talk Contagion and Trust-in-Supervisor
Authors: Zanin Alaina C. , Bisel Ryan S. , Adame Elissa A.
Published: December 2015

This message-production experiment demonstrates that supervisors can mitigate the workplace moral mum effect and encourage upward ethical dissent by talking about ethics with subordinates (i.e., moral talk contagion). Working adults ( N = 324) were randomly assigned to respond to an unethical request by their supervisor in one of five scenarios that varied by supervisor talk type and trust-in-supervisor or a baseline-control condition. Content and contingency table analyses revealed participants were twice as likely to invoke explicitly moralized upward dissent to an unethical business request from a supervisor when the supervisor was known for describing work situations in ethical terms. In addition, the V-shaped relationship between trust-in-supervisor and upward ethical dissent indicated that participants in the high- and low-trust conditions were twice as likely to engage in upward ethical dissent as those in the baseline-control condition. Implications for theory and practice conclude the essay.
Citizenship, Social Media, and Big Data
Authors: Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Diehl Trevor
Published: December 2015

This special issue of the Social Science Computer Review provides a sample of the latest strategies employing large data sets in social media and political communication research. The proliferation of information communication technologies, social media, and the Internet, alongside the ubiquity of high-performance computing and storage technologies, has ushered in the era of computational social science. However, in no way does the use of “big data” represent a standardized area of inquiry in any field. This article briefly summarizes pressing issues when employing big data for political communication research. Major challenges remain to ensure the validity and generalizability of findings. Strong theoretical arguments are still a central part of conducting meaningful research. In addition, ethical practices concerning how data are collected remain an area of open discussion. The article surveys studies that offer unique and creative ways to combine methods and introduce new tools while at the same time address some solutions to ethical questions.
Imageries of family and nation: A comparative analysis of transnational adoption and care for unaccompanied minors in Belgium
Authors: De Graeve Katrien , Bex Christof
Published: December 2015

Drawing on empirical research completed in Belgium, this article presents a comparative analysis of the care regimes for two categories of children: transnational adoptees and unaccompanied minors. Although state immigration policies consider the two groups of minors as humanitarian exceptions that require preferential treatment, the kind of humanitarian help and social investment they are believed to deserve differs dramatically. Ideologies of relational exclusivity and fixed belonging differently structure the investment of care that the two groups are believed to need, dependent on their ability to be read as freestanding, cultureless individuals, assimilable to the host nation.
Determination of tool wear and chip formation in drilling process of AISI 1045 material using plasma-nitrided high-speed steel drill bits
Authors: Ucun İsmail , Kaplan Serdar
Published: December 2015

In this study, tool wear and chip formation during the drilling process of AISI 1045 material using plasma-nitrided high-speed steel drill bits were experimentally investigated. Two uncoated and plasma-nitrided drill types were used in the experiments. First, commercial drill bits were subjected to the plasma nitriding process. Following this, the drilling processes were carried out at various feed rates and cutting speeds. A sensitive computer numerical control machine was used in the experiments. Tool wear was determined using scanning electron microscopy and chips obtained from the drilling process were observed under microscopy. Finally, the relationship between the chip cross section and tool wear was determined using statistical analysis. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of uncoated high-speed steel drill bits improve significantly through the plasma nitriding process. Less tool wear and a good chip formation were observed with the improvement of the mechanical properties. It was determined that there is a relationship between the chip section and wear.
Microfluidic device fabrication with serigraphy technique
Authors: Nerguizian Vahé , Alazzam Anas , Gauthier Jules , Roman Dacian , Stiharu Ion , Burnier Miguel
Published: December 2015

This article provides the design and fabrication details of a new technique to build a microfluidic device with two parallel substrates and a silicone gasket. The fabrication process uses screen printing technology offering fast and low-cost microdevices without the need for high-cost fabrication equipment and special photoresist processes. Hermetic microfluidic channels of 300 µm width and 50 µm height having parallel facing electrodes on two substrates are made with simple serigraphy technique using silicone rubber. The fabricated devices were experimentally tested for detection and characterization of polystyrene particles and living cells by negative and positive dielectrophoresis. The reported technique enables simple manipulation, centering, detection and characterization of living cells at low and high frequencies.
Research on one-step quenching and partitioning treatment and its application in hot stamping process
Authors: Han Xianhong , Zhong Yaoyao , Xin Pensen , Cui Zhenshan , Chen Jun
Published: December 2015

Hot stamping process has been regarded as one of the most attractive processes to produce high-strength parts with merits of low-forming load and small springback. However, the elongation of the hot-stamped parts is small, so the ability of crash resistance is limited. Recently, a novel hot stamping process integrated with quenching and partitioning treatment has been presented to improve the elongation of the final parts. In this article, the quenching and partitioning hot stamping process is further studied using the boron steel B1500HS, and the feasibility is verified by a series of quenching and partitioning tests followed by mechanical tests and microstructure observations. Moreover, an experimental tool for quenching and partitioning hot stamping process is first proposed in this article, where both air cooling device and heating system are designed, and a U-channel part is produced. Finally, in order to illustrate the active role of high elongation that the quenching and partitioning hot stamping process archived, numerical simulation of crash test for a B-pillar sample is conducted using finite element analysis software LS-DYNA.
Influence of flushing holes on the machining performance of blasting erosion arc machining
Authors: Xu Hui , Gu Lin , Zhao Wansheng , Chen Jipeng , Zhang Fawang
Published: December 2015

Blasting erosion arc machining is a novel electrical erosion process depending on the hydrodynamic arc-breaking mechanism to achieve a reliable high-efficiency machining. In blasting erosion arc machining, the high-velocity fluid field in the discharging gap is the precondition of the mechanism to control arc plasma to efficiently remove workpiece material. Therefore, this study mainly investigates the influence of flushing holes on the fluid field distribution directly and on the machining performance indirectly. Three multi-hole solid electrodes with different types of flushing holes are designed out according to the distributing principle. The influence of their flushing holes on the fluid field is conducted by a comparison fluid simulation which demonstrates that the electrode with flushing-hole diameters decreasing gradually from the inner to the outer in the radial direction attains the best flushing velocity distribution on the workpiece surface. Furthermore, the influence of their flushing holes on the blasting erosion arc machining performance is investigated by a comparison machining experiment in order to verify the comparison results of fluid field simulation. The experimental results illustrate that these electrodes have very different machining performance when machining nickel-based high-temperature alloy GH4169 (similar to Inconel 718) under the conditions of same discharge peak current and flushing inlet pressure. The electrode with the best flushing velocity distribution rather than with the highest velocity at a particular point achieves the best machining performance of the highest material removal rate, the least relative tool wear ratio and the least surface roughness (Ra), indicating an optimized design of flushing holes in the multi-hole solid electrode.
Failure investigation of fused deposition modelling parts fabricated at different raster angles under tensile and flexural loading
Authors: Garg Ashu , Bhattacharya Anirban , Batish Ajay
Published: December 2015

Fused deposition modelling is an efficient rapid prototyping process used to rapidly fabricate three-dimensional solid objects with complicated geometries. Many process parameters affect the fused deposition modelling process and their settings influence the quality of the specimen. This article investigates the effect of raster angle on surface roughness (along and across the length direction) and mechanical properties (tensile and flexural strength) of fused deposition modelling parts built at 10 different raster angles (0°–90° at 10° interval). All parts are built using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene P430 material. Surface roughness for circular and parabolic curved surfaces is also measured when specimens are built at different raster angles. Fracture surfaces are inspected with scanning electron microscope to study the modes of failure under different loading conditions. The samples where raster angle is 0° and layers are deposited along the length of the specimen exhibited optimal mechanical strength and good surface finish (when measured along the length). Scanning electron microscope results reveal that for 0° raster angle, failures are mainly due to pulling and rupture of fibres and for 30° and 60° raster angle, failure is due to brittle shear in a direction parallel to raster orientation. Due to the presence of number of heating and cooling cycle in 90° raster orientation, interlayer cracking and distortion of raster take place leading to lower strength.
Grinding temperature and wheel wear of porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride superabrasive wheels in high-efficiency deep grinding
Authors: Li Zheng , Ding Wen-Feng , Ma Chang-Yu , Xu Jiu-Hua
Published: December 2015

High-efficiency deep grinding experiments of Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy was carried out with the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride superabrasive wheel, in which the uniform and large pores were formed by the broken alumina bubble particles in the working layer after wheel dressing. Grinding temperature, energy partitioning into workpiece, and wheel wear were investigated. Results obtained show that long maintenance of low grinding temperature, that is, 50 °C–170 °C, is obtained in high-efficiency deep grinding with the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride wheel. The energy partitioning into the ground workpiece is ranged from 2% to 6%, which is smaller than that with the conventional vitrified cubic boron nitride wheels and alumina abrasive wheels. Sufficient storage space for chips and coolants contributes to the excellent performance of the porous metal-bonded cubic boron nitride wheel in high-efficiency deep grinding. Abrasion wear and grain fracture are the dominant wear patterns of the porous cubic boron nitride wheel in the steady wear stage, while chips loading and grain pullout play a critical role in the final dramatic wear behavior of the porous wheel.
Incipient wheel fault identification in mobile robots using neural networks and nonlinear least squares
Authors: Hoang Ngoc-Bach , Kang Hee-Jun
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we present a novel method for fault identification in the case of an incipient wheel fault in mobile robots. First, a three-layer neural networks is established to estimate the deviation of the robot dynamics due to the process fault. The estimate of the faulty dynamic model is based on a combination of the nominal dynamic model and the neural network output. Then, by replacing the faulty dynamic model with its estimate value, the primary estimates of the wheel radius appear as the solutions of two quadratic equations. Next, a simple and efficient way to perform these primary estimate selections is proposed in order to eliminate undesired primary estimates. A recursive nonlinear least squares is applied in order to obtain a smooth estimate of the wheel radius. Two computer simulation examples using Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed method is very effective for incipient fault identification in the setting of both left and right wheel faults.
Simulation of mode-locking phenomena in a complex nonlinear rotor system using 3D solid finite elements
Authors: Kiesel Theo , Marburg Steffen
Published: December 2015

The most common simulation approach in rotor dynamics is based on beam models. Usually, these models are very compact and come at low computational costs. However, they are afflicted with a number of limitations, making them insufficient for the analysis of more complex rotor systems, which require 3D solid modeling. General purpose FEM codes offer full 3D solid modeling capabilities, but the question still remains, whether they are capable of correctly taking into account all the effects that arise from rotation. This paper provides an example of a complex, highly nonlinear rotor system, which cannot be simulated or even modeled accurately by using beam elements, but rather requires 3D solid modeling. ABAQUS is used-as a representative example for a general purpose FEM code-to build up an appropriate model. By doing so, the paper addresses the question, whether a general purpose FEM code is able to cover the necessary rotor dynamic effects. The model which is derived here takes into account nonlinear stiffness behavior, and includes contact between different components of a rotor assembly. The objective is to simulate a run-up through a bending resonance, using direct time integration. The simulation results are compared with experiments, showing good consistency. During the crossing of the critical speed due to the bending resonance, mode-locking can be observed in the experiment and is well represented by the simulation model.
Minimization of the sliding velocity in planar cam mechanisms with flat-faced translating followers
Authors: Hidalgo-Martínez Manuel , Sanmiguel-Rojas Enrique
Published: December 2015

The sliding velocity plays an important role on the energetic efficiency and longer life of cam mechanisms with flat-faced translating followers. In this work, an optimization procedure published recently and based in the Bézier curves, is adapted to minimize the sliding velocities in this kind of cam mechanisms. Specifically, when the maximum lift of the follower, h, the total rise angle, β, and the angular velocity of the cam, [Formula: see text], are given, it is found the minimum prime circle radius, [Formula: see text], that minimizes the sliding velocity avoiding the undercutting.
A hybrid-data-on-tag–enabled decentralized control system for flexible smart workpiece manufacturing shop floors
Authors: Wang Chuang , Jiang Pingyu , Ding Kai
Published: December 2015

Industry 4.0 describes future workpieces would be smart. They can control the individual stages of their production semiautonomously through negotiation with production resources. To this end, RFID is introduced into machining processes. The current applications of radio frequency identification mainly include two approaches: one is data-on-network approach which centrally stores workpiece-related data on network; another is data-on-tag approach, which stores the data on RFID tag. Data-on-network approach cannot adapt to flexible automated production lines, which require decentralized control system for flexible process and rapid response, and data-on-tag approach makes RFID tag store large amounts of data, which would result in slow data reading and writing problems. For solving this problem, a hybrid-data-on-tag approach is proposed. The on-tag data contains the basic machining information and the index of further machining information which is stored in the backend database. Based on the hybrid-data-on-tag approach, the control node model of decentralized control system and the corresponding cyber-physical systems architecture of flexible manufacturing shop floors are presented. Furthermore, a multi-agent-based decentralized control system is used to describe the communication of smart workpieces with production resources during their production procedures. Finally, a small-scale flexible automated production line is taken as an example to illustrate the utility of hybrid-data-on-tag approach.
An efficient 5-axis toolpath optimization algorithm for machining parts with abrupt curvature
Authors: Qin Ji-Yun , Jia Zhen-Yuan , Ma Jian-Wei , Ren Zong-Jin , Song De-Ning
Published: December 2015

The kinematical behavior of 5-axis machine tool introduced by toolpath calculation has a close relation with processing efficiency and quality of parts. For the category of sculptured surface parts with abrupt curvature, such as turbine blade and fixed guide vane, the most commonly utilized spiral contouring toolpath modes usually encounter some trouble during actual machining, the reason lies in the difficult tool orientation control near the edge of such parts. However, the global optimization for the spiral toolpath means increased computation burden, and so it is time consuming. In this paper, an efficient 5-axis toolpath optimization algorithm is presented, and the objective is to smooth the rotary axes’ motion caused by drastically changed tool orientation on spiral toolpath for abrupt curvature parts machining. To reduce the computation burden, only path segments on the spiral trajectory-owned weak kinematic performance are selected for further optimizing. To obtain smoother motion for rotary axes, the specific optimization computation for the selected path segments is conducted in the Machine Coordinate System (MCS) instead of the Part Coordinate System (PCS). The optimization model is constructed and a related solution method is presented to ensure the high-performance optimization. The complete optimization algorithm is demonstrated on a spiral 5-axis toolpath for the turbine blade finish machining, and the result shows that only 25.9% optimization computation is needed compared with global optimization algorithm. And then, the actual machining experiments are carried out by using paraffin as cut material, and the machining time with optimized toolpath is decreased by 19.7% compared with initial toolpath. In addition, the surface quality of parts is significantly improved after conducting the optimization. This study proves that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the processing efficiency and surface quality of parts with abrupt curvature and provides an efficient method to optimize the spiral 5-axis toolpath used for finish machining parts with abrupt curvature.
Integrated guidance and control path following and dynamic control allocation for a stratospheric airship with redundant control systems
Authors: Zheng Zewei , Liu Lisha , Zhu Ming
Published: December 2015

This paper proposes an integrated guidance and control path following and dynamic control allocation method based on constrained optimal quadratic programming for the stratospheric airship with redundant systems. The control system is divided into two levels. A novel planar geometric path following control method is presented as the high-level controller. The method consists of planar position tracking controller, velocity regulator, attitude and altitude stabilizations. The velocity regulator contributes to the directionality of path following and decreases the number of singularity points for the closed-loop system. The control input of the actuators for the low-level controller can be obtained by two principles, one is keeping the control input close to the desired steady-state value, and the other is minimizing the change between the current input and the preceding one as well as the one before. This approach considers both physical constraints and dynamic responses of actuators. When a fault occurs, it can change the weight coefficient of the actuator to ensure the fault is well distributed among the fault-free actuators without reconfiguring the high-level controller. Several simulations illustrate the feasibility of the control law and show advantages for practical application.
Norm-constrained predictive filtering for attitude estimation
Authors: Cao Lu , Li Hengnian
Published: December 2015

For the attitude estimation problem, the quaternion is preferred to describe the rotation of spacecraft, which obeys a unit-norm constraint. However, this constraint is not considered in the most of the traditional estimation algorithms. This work will develop a new estimator named norm-constrained predictive filter to solve this problem based on the predictive filter frame. The optimization theory of Lagrange multiplier is adopted by minimizing a constrained cost function to improve the traditional predictive filter. In addition, the obtained estimator is further analyzed and applied to the spacecraft attitude estimation problem by numerical simulations.
The management of isolated positive syphilis enzyme immunoassay results in HIV-negative patients attending a sexual health clinic
Authors: Thorley Nicola , Adebayo Michael , Smit Erasmus , Radcliffe Keith
Published: December 2015

An unconfirmed positive treponemal enzyme immunoassay (enzyme immunoassay positive, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination negative and rapid plasma reagin negative) presents a clinical challenge to distinguish early syphilis infection from false-positive results. These cases are referred for syphilis line assay (INNO-LIA) and recalled for repeat syphilis serology. We performed a retrospective audit to establish the proportion of HIV-negative cases with unconfirmed positive enzyme immunoassay results, the proportion of these cases that received an INNO-LIA test and repeat syphilis serology testing and reviewed the clinical outcomes; 0.35% (80/22687) cases had an unconfirmed positive treponemal enzyme immunoassay result. Repeat syphilis serology was performed in 80% (64/80) cases, but no additional cases of syphilis were identified. Eighty-eight per cent (70/80) received an INNO-LIA test; 14% (5/37) unconfirmed enzyme immunoassay-positive cases with no prior history of syphilis were confirmed on INNO-LIA assay, supporting a diagnosis of latent syphilis. As a confirmatory treponemal test, the INNO-LIA assay may be more useful than repeat syphilis serological testing.
Vicarious Fear Learning Depends on Empathic Appraisals and Trait Empathy
Authors: Olsson Andreas , McMahon Kibby , Papenberg Goran , Zaki Jamil , Bolger Niall , Ochsner Kevin N.
Published: December 2015

Empathy and vicarious learning of fear are increasingly understood as separate phenomena, but the interaction between the two remains poorly understood. We investigated how social (vicarious) fear learning is affected by empathic appraisals by asking participants to either enhance or decrease their empathic responses to another individual (the demonstrator), who received electric shocks paired with a predictive conditioned stimulus. A third group of participants received no appraisal instructions and responded naturally to the demonstrator. During a later test, participants who had enhanced their empathy evinced the strongest vicarious fear learning as measured by skin conductance responses to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the demonstrator. Moreover, this effect was augmented in observers high in trait empathy. Our results suggest that a demonstrator’s expression can serve as a “social” unconditioned stimulus (US), similar to a personally experienced US in Pavlovian fear conditioning, and that learning from a social US depends on both empathic appraisals and the observers’ stable traits.
Inferring Identity From Language
Authors: Porter Shanette C. , Rheinschmidt-Same Michelle , Richeson Jennifer A.
Published: December 2015

The present research examined whether a communicator’s verbal, implicit message regarding a target is used as a cue for inferring that communicator’s social identity. Previous research has found linguistic intergroup bias (LIB) in individuals’ speech: They use abstract language to describe in-group targets’ desirable behaviors and concrete language to describe their undesirable behaviors (favorable LIB), but use concrete language for out-group targets’ desirable behaviors and abstract language for their undesirable behaviors (unfavorable LIB). Consequently, one can infer the type of language a communicator is likely to use to describe in-group and out-group targets. We hypothesized and found evidence for the reverse inference. Across four studies, individuals inferred a communicator’s social identity on the basis of the communicator’s use of an LIB. Specifically, participants more strongly believed that a communicator and target shared a social identity when the communicator used the favorable, rather than the unfavorable, LIB in describing that target.
GlycA, a novel marker of inflammation, is elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chung C P , Ormseth M J , Connelly M A , Oeser A , Solus J F , Otvos J D , Raggi P , Stein C M
Published: December 2015

Background

GlycA is a novel marker of systemic inflammation detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the general population, GlycA is correlated with inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and associated with coronary heart disease and diabetes. The utility of GlycA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has not been defined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GlycA concentrations are elevated in patients with SLE and associated with other markers of inflammation and coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods

We compared concentrations of GlycA, detected by NMR, in 116 patients with SLE and 84 control subjects frequency-matched for age, sex, and race. SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and the SLE Collaborating Clinics damage index (SLICC) were calculated. Acute phase reactants, a panel of cytokines, and a lipid panel were measured. Electron beam computer tomography (EBCT) was used to quantify coronary artery calcification, a measure of coronary artery atherosclerosis.

Results

Patients with SLE had higher concentrations of GlycA (398 (350–445)) than control subjects (339 (299–391)) µmol/L, p < 0.001. In patients with SLE, concentrations of GlycA were significantly associated with sedimentation rate (rho = 0.43), C-reactive protein (rho = 0.59), e-selectin (rho = 0.28), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (rho = 0.30), triglycerides (rho = 0.45), all p < 0.0023 to account for multiple comparisons, but not with creatinine, SLEDAI, SLICC, or coronary calcium scores.

Conclusions

Concentrations of GlycA are higher in patients with SLE than control subjects and associated with markers of inflammation but not with SLE disease activity or chronicity scores or coronary artery calcification.
Outcome of lupus nephritis in childhood onset SLE in North and Central India: single-centre experience over 25 years
Authors: Srivastava P , Abujam B , Misra R , Lawrence A , Agarwal V , Aggarwal A
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Childhood SLE (cSLE) has a higher prevalence of lupus nephritis (LN), and there are ethnic variations in response to treatment as well as outcome of LN. There are limited data on long-term outcome of LN in cSLE from the Indian subcontinent.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of case records of patients with cSLE (satisfying revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria for diagnosis) and age of onset <18 years was conducted from 1989 to 2013. Data on clinical features, renal involvement and biopsy findings, treatment, renal outcome, damage accrual and mortality were collected. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was defined as the need for renal replacement therapy. Actuarial ESRD-free survival was studied as the primary outcome measure using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Among 205 children with cSLE, 134 (121 girls) had evidence of LN. The mean age at disease onset was 13.7 ± 3.5 years and the mean disease duration at presentation was 1.9 ± 2.5 years. Kidney biopsy was available for 92 patients, and histology included: 13 (14.2%) Class II, 24 (26%) Class III, 43 (46.7%) Class IV and 12 (13.1%) Class V LN. The mean follow-up period was 6.75 ± 5.7 years. At last visit, 81 (60.4%) children were in complete remission, 28 (20.9%) were in partial remission, 15 (11.2%) still had active nephritis and 10 (7.4%) had progressed to ESRD. Almost two-thirds (62.9%) of patients experienced lupus flares, and mean flare rate was 0.09 flares/patient follow-up year. Fifty-six (43.8%) children accrued damage and the mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR damage score was 0.79 ± 1.13. Actuarial ESRD-free survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.1%, 79% and 76.2%, and five-, 10- and 15-year renal survival was 93.8%, 87.1% and 84%, respectively. Although multiple factors individually predicted poor outcome (death/ESRD), only raised serum creatinine at onset ( R square = 0.65, p ≤ 0.0001) and damage accrual ( R square = 0.62, p ≤ 0.0001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. Eleven (8.2%) children died during the follow-up period, and infections were the leading cause of mortality.

Conclusions

Long-term outcome of LN in cSLE in our cohort was better than previous reports from India. However, a high rate of major infection still remains the leading cause of mortality.
The Vulnerable Academic
Authors: Bhattacharya Kakali
Published: December 2015

In this article, I use vulnerable personal narratives to demonstrate how de/colonizing and microaggressive discourses intersect in higher education in the United States. Arguing that vulnerability offers a means of reconceptualizing and rethinking possibilities for addressing social inequities in higher education, I demonstrate how colonizing and decolonizing discourses exist always already in relation to one another. I recount my decade-long journey from graduate student to tenured faculty member, reflecting on how employing strategic de/colonizing scholarly moves have enabled me to survive navigating academia as a woman of color. Some of these moves have accommodated a colonizing structure of inquiry, whereas others resist the very same structure. My intent in producing such knowledge is to create entry points for those in similar situations, build conversations across differences, and create solidarity in praxis among qualitative scholars who resonate with the subject positions identified in this article.
Educating Critical Qualitative Health Researchers in the Land of the Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eakin Joan M.
Published: December 2015

Drawing on long experience as a sociologist in the health academy, I explore the challenges of practicing and teaching critical qualitative research in an environment dominated by very different scientific reasoning. I account for the transgressive positioning of qualitative research in the health sciences in terms of the role of social theory in interpretive research, rising interest in qualitative approaches among health professionals, research and educational doctrines that impede “value-added” analysis, and the ascendance of applied, post-positivist forms of qualitative research. Strategies for producing critical qualitative researchers who can both survive and thrive in the health arena include creation of institutional authority, prioritization of methodological depth over breadth, teaching pragmatic but non-compromising survival skills, and forging supportive communities of practice. I describe how one particular academic organization is engaging with these strategies and reflect on future prospects for educating critical qualitative researchers in the field of health.
Abiraterone-induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report
Authors: Moore Donald C , Moore Andrew
Published: December 2015

Abiraterone is an inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis indicated for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Common side effects include diarrhea, edema, hypokalemia, hypertension, and liver function test abnormalities. We report a case of rhabdomyolysis developing in association with the use of abiraterone. Following discontinuation of abiraterone, creatine kinase concentrations decreased gradually throughout the duration of the hospitalization.