bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive viromewide antibody responses by systematic epitope scanning after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Bender Ignacio Rachel A. , Dasgupta Sayan , Stevens-Ayers Terry , Kula Tomasz , Hill Joshua A. , Lee Stephanie J. , Mielcarek Marco , Duerr Ann , Elledge Stephen J. , Boeckh Michael
Published: June 2019

Further insight into humoral viral immunity after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) could have potential impact on donor selection or monitoring of patients. Currently, estimation of humoral immune recovery is inferred from lymphocyte counts or immunoglobulin levels and does not address vulnerability to specific viral infections. We interrogated the viral antibody repertoire before and after HCT using a novel serosurvey (VirScan) that detects immunoglobulin G responses to 206 viruses. We performed VirScan on cryopreserved serum from pre-HCT and 30, 100, and 365 days after myeloablative HCT from 37 donor-recipient pairs. We applied ecologic metrics (α- and β-diversity) and evaluated predictors of metrics and changes over time. Donor age and donor/recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and receipt systemic glucocorticoids were most strongly associated with VirScan metrics at day 100. Other clinical characteristics, including pre-HCT treatment and conditioning, did not affect antiviral repertoire metrics. The recipient repertoire was most similar (pairwise β-diversity) to that of donor at day 100, but more similar to pre-HCT self by day 365. Gain or loss of epitopes to common viruses over the year post-HCT differed by donor and recipient pre-HCT serostatus, with highest gains in naive donors to seropositive recipients for several human herpesviruses and adenoviruses. We used VirScan to highlight contributions of donor and recipient to antiviral humoral immunity and evaluate longitudinal changes. This work builds a foundation to test whether such systematic profiling could serve as a biomarker of immune reconstitution, predict clinical events after HCT, or help refine selection of optimal donors.
miRNA Profiling Reveals miRNA-130b-3p Mediates DENND1A Variant 2 Expression and Androgen Biosynthesis
Authors: McAllister Jan M , Han Angela X , Modi Bhavi P , Teves Maria E , Mavodza Grace R , Anderson Zachary L , Shen Tsaiwei , Christenson Lane K , Archer Kellie J , Strauss Jerome F
Published: June 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of reproductive-age women involving overproduction of ovarian androgens and, in some cases, from the adrenal cortex. Family studies have established that PCOS is a complex heritable disorder with genetic and epigenetic components. Several small, noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be differentially expressed in ovarian cells and follicular fluid and in the circulation of women with PCOS. However, there are no reports of global miRNA expression and target gene analyses in ovarian theca cells isolated from normal cycling women and women with PCOS, which are key to the elucidation of the basis for the hyperandrogenemia characteristic of PCOS. With the use of small RNA deep sequencing (miR-seq), we identified 18 differentially expressed miRNAs in PCOS theca cells; of these, miR-130b-3p was predicted to target one of the PCOS genome-wide association study candidates, differentially expressed in neoplastic vs normal cells domain containing 1A (DENND1A). We previously reported that DENND1A variant 2 (DENND1A.V2), a truncated isoform of DENND1A, is upregulated in PCOS theca cells and mediates augmented androgen biosynthesis in PCOS theca cells. The comparison of miR-130b-3p in normal and PCOS theca cells demonstrated decreased miR-130b-3p expression in PCOS theca cells, which was correlated with increased DENND1A.V2, cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) mRNA and androgen biosynthesis. miR-130b-3p mimic studies established that increased miR130b-3p is correlated with decreased DENND1A.V2 and CYP17A1 expression. Thus, in addition to genetic factors, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms via miR-130b-3p underly androgen excess in PCOS. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis Core Pathway and Network Analyses suggest a network by which miR-130b-3p, DENND1A, the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, Ras-related protein 5B, and signaling pathways that they potentially target may mediate hyperandrogenism in PCOS.
Soft Floors in Auctions
Authors: Zeithammer Robert
Published: June 2019

Several of the auction-driven exchanges that facilitate programmatic buying of internet display advertising have recently introduced “soft floors” in addition to standard reserve prices (called “hard floors” in the industry). A soft floor is a bid level below which a winning bidder pays his own bid instead of paying the second-highest bid as in a second-price auction most ad exchanges use by default. This paper characterizes soft floors’ revenue-generating potential as a function of the distribution of bidder independent private values. When bidders are symmetric (identically distributed), soft floors have no effect on revenue, because a symmetric equilibrium always exists in strictly monotonic bidding strategies, and standard revenue-equivalence arguments thus apply. The industry often motivates soft floors as tools for extracting additional expected revenue from an occasional high bidder, for example a bidder retargeting the consumer making the impression. Such asymmetries in the distribution of bidder preferences do not automatically make soft floors profitable. This paper presents two examples of tractable modeling assumptions about such occasional high bidders, with one example implying low soft floors always hurt revenues because of strategic bid-shading by the regular bidders, and the other example implying high soft floors can increase revenues by making the regular bidders bid more aggressively.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Evaluation on the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats (Capra hircus) in Cebu, the Philippines
Authors: Ybañez Adrian P. , Arrabis Orgil V. , Alvarez Dennis Justin M. , Galon Eloiza May S. , Jayag Rhea Mae P. , Delan Elmie S. , Ybañez Rochelle Haidee D. , Xuan Xuenan
Published: June 2019

Background: Tick-borne diseases are caused by a wide variety of viruses, pathogens, and diseases. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. are among the most known tick-borne pathogens in Asia. In the Philippines, these pathogens were already reportedly present in dogs and large ruminants, but no study has been reported yet evaluating their presence in goats. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats in Cebu, the Philippines. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 blood samples from goats were collected in Cebu, the Philippines. Profile of sampled goats including age, body score, and sex was obtained. Peripheral blood smear examination and DNA extraction were performed. Nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. Results: None of the samples were found positive with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. infection. Conclusion: Tested goats were negative with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. and calls for continuous surveillance of these pathogens due to the reported detection of these pathogens in other livestock animals in the area.
Tumors of the reproductive tract of sheep and goats: A review of the current literature and a report of vaginal fibroma in an Awassi ewe
Authors: Hananeh Wael M. , Ismail Zuhair B. , Daradka Mousa H.
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study aimed to provide a summary of all online available literature of published clinical and histopathological data regarding tumors affecting the reproductive tract of female sheep and goats. In addition, a detailed description of the clinical history, clinical findings, and gross and histopathological findings of one case of vaginal fibroma in an adult Awassi sheep is provided for the first time. Materials and Methods: Internet search engines such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to collect all published articles in refereed journals from 2000 to 2018 regarding tumors and tumor-like lesions involving the reproductive tract of ewes and does. Results: There are six published papers in sheep and nine in goats reporting various malignant and non-malignant tumors involving different parts of the reproductive tract. The most commonly diagnosed tumors of the reproductive tract were leiomyoma (six cases), adenocarcinoma (six cases), leiomyosarcoma (three cases), adenoma (one case), squamous cell carcinoma (one case), and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (one case). The most common sites of tumor formation were the uterus (10 cases), vulva/vagina (five cases), ovaries (four cases), cervix (four cases), and Bartholin's gland (one case). All affected animals were aged females (older than 3 years of age). In both ewes and does, the most frequently reported clinical symptoms were chronic weight loss, pyometra, hydrometra, vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharges, straining, pollakisurie, ascites, and abdominal distension. Conclusion: Tumors of the reproductive organs in sheep and goats are not uncommon and should be considered in the differential diagnoses in cases with poor reproductive function.
Quando o calendário se transforma em relógio: as datas comemorativas no planejamento escolar
Authors: Pereira Rita Marisa Ribes , Santos Núbia de Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre as datas comemorativas no planejamento escolar. O caminho escolhido é o da formulação de questões sobre essa prática conduzida pela tese de que o trabalho com as datas comemorativas coloca em pauta conceitos de tempo, de história e de cultura. Que relações o calendário escolar com suas datas comemorativas convencionadas dialoga com o calendário da vida social e cultural mais ampla? Em que medida essa relação fertiliza o diálogo entre escola e cultura? Em que medida esteriliza aspectos da cultura ao reduzi-los a conteúdo escolar? Santo Agostinho, Walter Benjamin, Edward Hall, Caroline Queiroz, Jeanne-MarieGagnebin, Sonia Kramer e Luciana Ostetto, entre outros autores, ajudam a fundamentar as indagações aqui compartilhadas.
Microbiological and Nutritional Properties of Frankfurter-Type Fish Sausage
Authors: T Nkrumah , WY Akwetey
Published: June 2019

Fish meat is a common and broadly used food due to its high nutritional values yet the bones and flavour of fresh fish can be unpleasant. The unpleasant fishy flavour makes it difficult to handle and process. The fishy flavour is as a result of microbial presence and growth. Studies associated with microbial contaminations have concentrated more on the carcass. Such contaminations which affect the microbiological status of processed products can emanate from spices and other non-meat ingredients, environment, equipment and handlers. The successful application of processing/preservation technology results in the conservation of desirable qualities in stabilized and varietal fish products. This study sought to use fish in the manufacture of frankfurter-type sausages, which could have improved preservation characteristics without any adverse effects on sensory properties. The nutritional composition and microbiological safety of fresh fish and sausages were determined using the methods described by AOAC and ICMSF respectively. The study showed that, catfish sausages were higher in protein (15.69 %) and were lower in fat (10.66%) compared to the other sausages. Total Viable Counts (TVC) were within the accepted limits (106 and 107cfu/g) for fish and pork respectively. E. coli was not detected in any of the treatments during frozen storage for 6 weeks. It was concluded that catfish frankfurter has high nutritive value because it contained less fat but with higher crude protein. Like pork frankfurters, both catfish and mackerel sausages could be stored for six weeks without any negative effects on microbial quality.
Antioxidant Properties of Red and Yellow Varieties of Cashew Apple, Nut and Husk (AnacardiumOccidentaleL.) Harvested in Mexico
Authors: M Figueroa-Valencia , P Rosales-Martinez , F Santoyo-Tepole , O.A Ramos-Monroy , F García-Ochoa , M.T Hernández-Botello , M.S López-Cortez
Published: June 2019

Numerous studies have reported the health benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidant properties. Within the group of fruits considered exotic, some are accessible and only consumed in their place of origin, such as soursop, noni, kiwi, pitahaya, and others. Anacardiumoccidentale, cashew, is a crop native to the Brazilian northeast that has excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. Because few studies have characterized cashew produced in Mexico, in the present work, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of cashew apple (red and yellow varieties) and its nut were studied. The content of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity were higher in the nut (174.19±20.98 GAE mg/100 g db) while cashew red pulp showed a superior value of the phenol content (159.75±12.91 GAE mg/100 g db) to that of yellow cashew pulp (151.9±5.23 GAE mg/100 g db). A high value was obtained for the TPC of the husk of cashew nut (74.30 mg GAE/g) compared with those of the kernel and false fruit. Red cashew presented a higher antioxidant capacity at 77.65 μmol Trolox/g and was superior to that of the kernel (38.52±2.9 μmol Trolox/g). Because cashew apple is usually discarded, a marmalade based on the pulp is proposed as an alternative for its conservation because it has a high content of phenolic compounds that is conserved for six weeks of shelf life.
Capturing and Delivering Competitive Advantage in the Japan to Europe and Europe to Japan Air Cargo Markets: The Case of the ANA Cargo and Lufthansa Cargo A.G. Strategic Joint Venture
Authors: Baxter Glenn
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a case study of the ANA Cargo and Lufthansa Cargo strategic joint venture, the global air cargo industry’s first strategic joint venture between two of the world’s major air cargo-carrying airlines. The data gathered for the study was examined by document analysis. The strategic analysis of the joint venture was underpinned by the use of Porter’s Five Forces Model. The study found that the joint venture has provided synergistic benefits to both partners and has allowed the partners to access new markets and to participate in the evolution of the air cargo industry. The joint venture has also enabled both joint venture partners to enhance their competitive position in the Europe to Japan and Japan to Europe air cargo markets through strengthened service offerings and has provided the partners with increased cargo capacities, a larger route network, and greater frequencies within their own route networks. A limitation of the study was that ANA Cargo and Lufthansa Cargo revenues, or freight traffic data was not available. It was, therefore, not possible to analyse the business performance of the joint venture.
Bilingual Beyond School: Students’ Language Ideologies in Bilingual Programs in South-Central Spain
Authors: Poveda David
Published: June 2019

This article examines adolescent and late adolescent discourses on bilingualism, bilingual education and the role of English and other additional languages in the current out-of-school lives and future trajectories of Spanish students enrolled in bilingual education programs. The data is part of a larger critical sociolinguistic ethnographic project on the implementation of bilingual education programs in secondary education (organized as English-Spanish CLIL) in Castilla-La Mancha, a region in South-Central Spain. Discourses were mainly elicited through a series of workshop-type and group discussion activities held in classrooms from two semi-private and two public schools, as well as an additional focus group conducted with university students. In total, 12 group events, involving approximately 300 students, were organized and documented through video-recordings, audio-recordings, photographs and fieldnotes. Students’ language ideologies around bilingualism are examined through an inductive qualitative / grounded theory approach. Three themes are identified: (a) the definition of bilingualism and bilingual competence, (b) the place of English (and other additional languages) in students’ current lives and social experiences and; (c) the role assigned to English in future employment and mobility opportunities. These discourses are discussed in relation to recent critical sociolinguistic work on the interconnection between language, multilingualism and neoliberalism. The paper closes with some methodological thoughts regarding the place of linguistic ethnography in the analysis of students’ collective discourses.
Ethnographic Perspectives to Teaching and Learning in Multilingual Contexts
Authors: Relaño Pastor Ana María
Published: June 2019

This special issue addresses the organization of teaching and learning in a variety of multilingual schooling contexts from different critical ethnographic perspectives (i.e.: critical sociolinguistic ethnography, linguistic anthropology, and language socialization). By analyzing a range of educational settings in Spain, the U.S., the U.K., Argentina, and Guatemala, the articles establish a dialogue with different ethnographically-oriented studies to understand the relationship between situated communicative practices, language policies, language ideologies, dominant discourses about bi-multilingualism, and wider social, cultural and economic processes.
The Toxins of Cyanobacteria
Authors: Patočka Jiří
Published: June 2019

Cyanobacteria, formerly called ”blue-green algae“, are simple, primitive photosynthetic microorganism wide occurrence in fresh, brackish and salt waters. Forty different genera ofCyanobacteriaare known and many of them are producers of potent toxins responsible for a wide array of human illnesses, aquatic mammal and bird morbidity and mortality, and extensive fish kills. These cyanotoxins act as neurotoxins or hepatotoxins and are structurally and functionally diverse, and many are derived from unique biosynthetic pathways. All known cyanotoxins and their chemical and toxicological characteristics are presented in this article.
Introduction. Humanitas and Humanities in the Contemporary World
Authors: Rebuffo Cristina , Sisto Davide
Published: June 2019

From 12th to 16th September 2017 the 10th edition of the CeSPeC’s Summer School took place in Cuneo (Italy). This event revolved around the role of the humanities in the contemporary world and had the purpose of explaining the various perspectives which may demonstrate how still the contribution of such disciplines is important to interpret the world and the reality in the post-modern, global and post-digital era. In this introduction we provide a focus on the main topic and a brief presentation of the reflections composing the present papers collection.
Towards “Post-Digital”. A Media Theory to Re-Think the Digital Revolution
Authors: Striano Francesco
Published: June 2019

Can we say we live in a post-digital condition? It depends. This paper sets out to distinguish between the current mass digital culture and an authentic post-digital culture.If we mean “post-digital” as the full internalization and awareness of the result of the so-called digital revolution, then it is necessary a philosophical work to discuss related problems, identify the causes and propose solutions.An authentic philosophy of digital will, however, have to start from a clarification of the terms and basic objects of its investigation. Here media theory is inserted as an analytical tool: the purpose of this essay is to outline a road map for a good media theory that interfaces with questions of definition of digital, also in light of the notions of space, time, and matter. As will be seen, the description given here for a “good media theory” does, in fact, coincide with an already existing – and inserted in the contemporary debate – school. In conclusion we will try to delineate the field of philosophical inquiry opened by the clarification brought by the previous analysis, and to suggest a general framework within which philosophy will have to move in order to finally reach the authentic post-digital condition.
Pakt z diabłem we współczesnych Chinach. Powieść Murong Xuecuna Większość umiera z chciwości
Authors: Jakubów Zofia
Published: June 2019

In his famous book The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures, Jean Baudrillard refers to the model of exchange defined by the myth of the pact with the Devil. The things we sell: our reflections in the mirror, our shadows, or the products of our work do not remain safely separate from us, but instead turn against us and take their revenge, sometimes even bringing us to self-destruction. However, the French philosopher claims that, nowadays, the tragedy of the subject haunted by its spectre is no longer relevant as the subject poses a spectrum, and all transcendence is lost in the order of signs. The structure of the myth about the pact with the Devil appears in Murong Xuecun’s novel Most Die of Greed. In post-reform and opening-up China, an average young man meets a mysterious older millionaire and gets involved in a risky game, in which unbridled consumption leads to degeneration and, eventually, gruesome death. As a 70 hou (post-1970, born in the 1970s) writer, Murong Xuecun addresses the transformations in his generation’s attitudes and values caused by rapid changes in both material and ideological spheres of their lives.
Opowieść o wygnaniu na Zachód
Authors: As-Suhrawardī Šihāb ad-Dīn Yaḥyà
Published: June 2019

Opowieść o wygnaniu na Zachód  (Qiṣṣat al-ġurba al-ġarbiyya) jest tłumaczeniem krótkiego dzieła Šihāb ad-Dīna Yaḥyi as-Suhrawardīego (1154-1191). Tłumaczenie i opracowanie: Łukasz Piątak, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań
Eseje
Authors: Tiesheng Shi
Published: June 2019

Tłumaczenie i opracowanie:Marta Binkowska, Joanna Krenz, Paulina StangreciakUniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań
The Need for a Dynamic Approach to Health SystemCentered Innovations Comment on "What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address? Insights From an International Scoping Review"
Authors: van Olmen Josefien , Marchal Bruno , Ricarte Button , Van Damme Wim , Van Belle Sara
Published: June 2019

Lehoux and colleagues plea for a health systems perspective to evaluate innovations. Since many innovations and their scale-up strategies emerge from processes that are not (centrally) steered, we plea for any assessment with a dynamic, instead of a sequential, approach. We provide further guidance on how to adopt such dynamic approach, in order to better un-derstand and steer innovations for better health systems. A systems-level challenge is constituted by interactions and feedback loops between different actors and components of the health system. It is therefore essential to explore both the entry-point of innovation and the interactions with other components. If innovation is regarded as an injection of resources and opportunities into a health system, this system needs to have the capacity to transform these into desired outputs, the ‘absorption capacity.’ The highly organic diffusion of innovation in complex adapative systems cannot be easily controlled, but the system behaviours can be analysed, with occurance of phenomena such as path dependence, feedback loops, scale-free networks, emergent behaviour and phase transitions. This helps to anticipate unintended consequences, and to engage key actors in ongoing problem-solving and adaptation. By adopting a prospective approach, responsible innovation could set in motion prospective policy evaluations, which on the basis of iterative learning would allow decisionmakers to continuously adapt their policies and programmes. Priority-setting for innovation is an essentially political process that is geared towards consensus-building and grounded in values.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and International Travel
Authors: Neo Wee Xuan , Flaherty Gerard Thomas
Published: June 2019

The literature on international travellers with psychiatric disorders is limited. This perspective article highlights various travel-related aspects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including its aetiological association with maternal migration, the difficulties faced by longterm travelers with autistic children, and the facilitation of international travel for autistic individuals by the travel industry. Depending on the severity of their condition, autistic individuals may find specific aspects of the travel experience particularly distressing. Travel medicine practitioners should be aware of the unique needs of autistic travelers when providing pre-travel health counseling. There is also an onus on the travel industry to facilitate safe and enjoyable travel and remove barriers faced by autistic travellers.
Global Health: A Review of Concepts, Players, and Publications
Authors: Zicker Fabio , Fonseca Bruna , Albuquerque Priscila
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The increasing number of global health initiatives have contributed to improving access to health services and building knowledge platforms. However, the distribution of activities and knowledge produced has been uneven. To scope the scientific output in global health, publications from 2008-2017 were reviewed to identify major players, assess the extent of involvement of low- and middleincome countries (LMIC), and map areas of research interest. Methods: A total of 3153 Web of Science (WoS) publications were retrieved, of which 2423 were selected for this review. The country of origin, institutions involved, types of documents, language of publication, journal titles, content categories, authorship, themes, and characteristics of collaboration were examined. Results: Over the years, the number of global health publications from both high-income countries (HIC) and LMIC has increased. Authors from LMIC were engaged in 19.3% of the publications, representing 10.3% of first authors and 9.7% of single-author articles. Collaboration across World Health Organization (WHO) regions ranged from 29.6% to 64.6%. Themes of greatest research interest were capacity development, health policy and systems, and disease control. Conclusion: Global health research is experiencing rapid expansion, but LMIC authors continue to have limited involvement. The current study revealed diversity in publications, journals, and actors with a marked influence from developed countries. As north-south and southsouth research partnerships are increasing across the world, it is important to ensure open collaboration between partners and alignment with public health research priorities and needs.
Contributions of Proximate Determinants to Fertility Transition in Bangladesh: An Analysis of Bongaarts’ Fertility Model
Authors: Haq Iqramul , Alam Mahabub , Methun Injamul Haq
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Fertility transition is outright by prime four proximate determinants (marriage, contraception, postpartum infecundability, and abortion). The present study examines the contributions of proximate determinants on fertility decline and quantifies inhibiting the effect of major proximate determinants according to the socioeconomic characteristics in Bangladesh. Methods: The current study was based mainly on the three Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) carried out in 1993- 1994, 2004, and 2014. Bongaarts’ fertility framework was applied to analyze the proximate determinants of fertility in the socioeconomic status of women in Bangladesh. Results: In 1993-1994, contraception was the greatest impediment to fertility followed by postpartum infecundability, marriage, and induced abortion, respectively. In 2014, contraception was the highest fertility obstructing effect followed by marriage, postpartum infecundability, and abortion, respectively, in both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Throughout the study period and even now, fertility is revered in the Sylhet and Chittagong divisions of Bangladesh. The fertility-inhibiting effect of marriage, contraception, and abortion has an affirmative relationship with the educational status of women. Postpartum infecundability, however, displays an inverse relationship with the educational status of women. Conclusion: The current study suggests that contraception plays a vital role in fertility reduction in Bangladesh. In particular, special attention should be placed on those regions (Chittagong and Sylhet divisions) that register low contraception prevalence rates. Special programs should focus on creating an awareness of the disadvantages of child marriage among women who reside in the division of Chittagong and Sylhet of Bangladesh.
Tribal Community Visit to Malaria-Endemic Areas Can Pose Risk to Car Nicobar Island: Deterrent for Malaria Elimination
Authors: Khan Zahid Ali , Sunish Ittoop Pulikkottil
Published: June 2019

Introduction: In the past 10 years, a declining trend was seen in the annual parasite incidence (API) of malaria in the Car Nicobar Island. For the past few years, the API in the island has been below one. Car Nicobar Island is struggling with malaria cases reported to have been brought from other, malaria-endemic islands. Methods: The movements of people were monitored by door-to-door visits during early morning hours, and the frequency of their movements to different islands (malarious and non-malarious areas) were monitored. Results: A larger number of villagers visited non-malarious areas (OS-O) than malarious areas (OS-N). The maximum number of people was found out of station during the month of June. Thirty-seven percent of people were out of the station to non-malarious areas, while only 6% were out of the station to islands endemic for malaria. In the latter category, the majority of those who left the village were in the age groups of 16-30 years and 31–45 years. Even though fewer villagers visited malaria-endemic areas, their visits can pose a threat of malaria transmission, in view of the prevalence of local anopheline vectors. Conclusion: Understanding people’s movement patterns to and from high malaria-transmission areas is important to designing strategic evidence-based control plans. In Car Nicobar, the main transport facilities within the inter-islands are ship and helicopter services. Hence, post-arrival medical examinations should be made mandatory to prevent the introduction of malaria parasites into the island.
Modeling the Induction Hardening of High-Carbon Saw Blades
Authors: Torres H. , Pérez-González F. A. , Zapata-Hernández O. , Garza-Montes-deOca N. F. , Ramírez-Ramírez J. H. , Fried Z. , Felde I. , Réger M. , Colás R.
Published: June 2019

Saws for food processing are designed to exhibit good resistance to corrosion and wear during service; the saws are made from high-carbon steel and are subjected to induction hardening to achieve the required properties. Such process offers good industrial advantages because heating is done at specific regions during very short times without heating all the material. The localized heating allows for the rapid cooling of the heated-up regions that result in transformation to austenite. This work presents the results of the simulation of induction heating using the finite and the boundary element methods to solve the heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena. The model was coupled to a commercial package that considers the phase transformations occurring during the heating and quenching stages. The results of the simulation were validated with trials carried on site.
Crystal Viscoplasticity Model of Molybdenum Including the Influence of Silicon in Solid Solution
Authors: Brindley K. A. , Neu R. W.
Published: June 2019

Molybdenum (Mo)-based alloys offer higher temperature capability than nickel-based superalloys. The challenge of designing these alloys is tailoring the chemistry and microstructure to achieve high-temperature strength, creep and fatigue resistance, and oxidation resistance while maintaining lower-temperature ductility and damage tolerance. Structure-properties modeling tools can be used to identify optimum microstructures. However, one missing element in this tool set is a constitutive model for the more ductile α-Mo phase over the entire temperature range from room temperature to 1,400°C. A crystal viscoplasticity model is developed for α-Mo, including the influence of varying amounts of silicon (Si) in solid solution. The temperature, strain rate, and Si dependence of the deformation behavior needed to determine the model parameters are obtained from new compression experiments.
VALORIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS DO SETOR DE HORTIFRUTIGRANJEIRO PELO PROCESSO DE COMPOSTAGEM DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Da Rosa Liciane Oliveira , De Souza Tatiana Porto , De Oliveira Vanessa Faria , Corrêa Luciara Billhalva , Corrêa Érico Kunde
Published: June 2019

Os resíduos orgânicos são responsáveis por 50% dos resíduos gerados nos municípios brasileiros, e grande parte não tem manejo eficiente e são depositados em aterros sanitários ou aterros à céu aberto, ocasionando impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. O setor de hortifrutigranjeiros de comércios de distribuição alimentícios e, também, de feiras livres são responsáveis por gerar grandes quantidades de resíduos orgânicos. Uma forma de tratar esses resíduos ambientalmente correta é por meio do processo de compostagem, que é uma técnica de reciclagem simples, que transforma os resíduos em um composto orgânico de valor agronômico, podendo ser realizada em grande ou pequena escala e ser praticada em ambientes domiciliares, como uma excelente maneira de tratar os resíduos orgânicos diretamente no local de geração. Assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo a valorização dos resíduos orgânicos que são passíveis de impacto ao meio ambiente, gerados no setor hortifrutigranjeiro, em um estabelecimento comercial, situado no município de Pelotas, RS, pelo processo de compostagem doméstica. Foi realizado um experimento com dois tratamentos e duas repetições com os resíduos orgânicos, onde foi realizado monitoramento primário próximo à realidade do usuário de composteira doméstica. Os parâmetros monitorados abrangeram temperatura externa, interna e umidade. Com este estudo, foi possível confirmar a capacidade de tratar os resíduos orgânicos por meio da compostagem doméstica com resíduos do setor hortifrutigranjeiros, além de demonstrar vantagens na utilização do composto orgânico obtido para cultivo de temperos e hortaliças.

 

Palavras-chave: Compostagem. Composto orgânico. Impacto ambiental.
AS QUALIDADES DO MORAR: UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE A SUSTENTABILIDADE NA ARQUITETURA HABITACIONAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Cruz Andrea Borges De Souza , Campos Adriana Fiorotti
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo propõe uma revisão sobre as qualidades do morar em bases sustentáveis considerando a produção habitacional no Brasil. O Brasil acompanha a tendência mundial de urbanização e, atualmente, a demanda habitacional em valores absolutos no país está estimada em cerca de 9 milhões de unidades, sendo 85% em áreas urbanas. Com vistas à necessária delimitação do estudo, será analisada a região da Área de Planejamento 4 – AP4, situada na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que compreende as regiões administrativas de Jacarepaguá, Cidade de Deus e Barra da Tijuca, que vem sendo palco de uma abrangente e diversificada produção imobiliária nos últimos anos. Para tanto, serão avaliadas as qualidades socioeconômicas e ambientais presentes no modelo de urbanização segregado em condomínios, tipo ilha, preponderante na AP4 – Rio de Janeiro. 

Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade. Habitação. Meio ambiente.
A Subcontinent in Enduring Ties with an Enclosed Ocean (c. 1000–1500 C.E.)
Authors: Chakravarti Ranabir
Published: June 2019

The waning influence of a Eurocentric paradigm paves the way for a close look at the maritime situation of the Indian subcontinent in the Indian Ocean during the first half of the second millennium C.E. Situated at the centre of the Indian Ocean, the two sea-boards of the subcontinent, along with Sri Lanka, appear in a wide variety of sources—literary (including letters of Jewish merchants), epigraphic, archaeological (including shipwreck archaeology)—as sites of vibrant commerce and cultural transactions across the sea. Nomenclatures and the historical geography of the Indian Ocean also form parts of the discussion. This essay pays particular attention to the exchange in daily necessity commodities, including plant products. A survey of ports dotting both the coasts of the subcontinent suggests the dynamic character of premier ports, shaped by their relation with subsidiary ports and their respective hinterlands and forelands. The paper highlights the role of seafaring groups, especially the ship-owners, active in and beyond South Asia. The available evidence irrefutably demonstrates that Indic people did take to sea during pre-modern times, thereby driving home the inefficacy of the taboos on seafaring in Sanskrit normative texts. To what extent the Indian Ocean experienced political contestations has been discussed in the light of a 14th century Latin Crusade tract. The advent of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean in 1498 did not signal the Age of Discoveries in the Indian Ocean in the light of seafaring in this maritime zone during 1000–1500 CE phase.
Resistencia adhesiva dentinaresina utilizando tres sistemas adhesivos a diferentes tiempos de aplicación. Estudio in vitro
Authors: Arquíñego Garay Ketty Amelia , Del Castillo Ayquipa Armando , Watanabe Velásquez Rómel
Published: June 2019

Objetivo. Evaluar la resistencia adhesiva dentina-resina (RADR) en adhesivos Optibond FL (OFL), Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2) y Single Bond Universal (SBU) en tres tiempos diferentes de aplicación. Métodos. Estudio experimental in vitro, se empleó nueve molares humanas obteniéndose, 135 especímenes de 1 mm2 aproximadamente conformando nueve grupos de estudio de 15 especímenes para cada grupo. La RADR se midió a través del test de microtensión a una fuerza de tracción con una aceleración de 0,5 mm/min hasta la fractura. El contraste de hipótesis de diferencia se realizó utilizando el test de ANOVA de un factor y comparaciones múltiples de Tukey, ambos a un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados. A los 10 segundos, se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los sistemas adhesivos OFL (25,78 ± 5,98 MPa) vs ASB2 (de 14,02 ± 3,06 MPa), p<0,001, así como entre OFL vs SBU (14,36 ± 4,69 MPa) con p<0,001. A los 20 segundos, entre OFL (34,37 ± 6,03 MPa) y ASB2 (16,33 ± 3,02 MPa), p<0,001, así como entre OFL y SBU (19,44 ± 5,98 MPa) con p<0,001. A los 30 segundos también se encontraron las mismas diferencias entre OFL (37,6 ± 11,93 MPa) y ASB2 (16,62 ± 1,81 MPa), p<0,001, así como entre OFL y SBU (23,56 ± 7,3 MPa) p<0,001. Conclusiones. Optibond FL presentó mayor RADR frente a ASB2 y SBU en los tres tiempos; entre ASB2 y SBU a 10 s no se encontró diferencia, a los 20 s y 30 s SBU presentó mayor RADR. En los tres grupos hubo aumento significativo de la RADR entre los 10 y 30 segundos.
Serological Assessment of the Quality of Wound Healing Processes in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sun Shu , Karsdal Morten Asser , Mortensen Joachim Høg , Luo Yunyun , Kjeldsen Jens , Krag Aleksander , Jensen Michael Dam , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Manon-Jensen Tina
Published: June 2019

Background & Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by continuous mucosal damage and ongoing wound healing of the intestines. The fibrinolytic system is involved in early parts of the wound healing process. Fibrin is a key mediator of primary blood clot formation and is formed by cross-linking of fibrinogen. To gain insights into the dynamics of wound healing in CD patients we investigated the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by the pro-peptide FPA, the amount of factor XIII cross-linked fibrin and total fibrin clot. Methods: Serum samples of 35 CD patients, 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease (non-IBD) patients and 39 age-matched healthy controls were analyzed for three novel neo-epitope markers: D-fragment and D-dimer, reflecting the degradation of total fibrin clot and factor XIII cross-linked fibrin, as well as FPA, reflecting synthesis of fibrin. Results: Crohn’s disease patients had a significantly lower D-dimer level (p=0.0001) compared to healthy controls. Crohn’s disease and non-IBD patients had a significantly higher level of FPA (p<0.0001) and D-fragment/D-dimer ratio (p<0.0001 and p=0.02). FPA, D-dimer and D-fragment/D-dimer ratio could distinguish CD patients from healthy controls with area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI 0.83-0.97), 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.87) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.93), respectively. Conclusion: Wound healing parameters were clearly changed in CD patients. FPA levels were higher in CD patients as compared to healthy controls, indicating more ongoing wound healing. D-dimer levels were lower in CD patients than in healthy controls, indicating impaired wound healing due to poor quality of factor XIII cross-linked fibrin and clot resolution.
Association between Smoking and Risk of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Werlang Monia , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Kroner Paul T , Mousa Omar Y , Pungpapong Surakit , Lukens Frank J , Harnois Denise M , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: June 2019

Background & Aims: Studies have suggested that smokers may have a higher risk of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) although the results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to better characterize the risk of PBC among smokers by identifying all relevant studies and summarizing their results together. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Embase and Pubmed/MEDLINE databases from inception to September 2018 to identify all studies which compared the risk of PBC among current, ever and former smokers to non-smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results: Nine case-control studies with 21,577 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of PBC among ever smokers was significantly higher than non-smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.03-1.67; I 2 89%). Subgroup analysis found that the risk was higher in both former smokers (pooled OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01-1.84; I 2 75%) and current smokers (pooled OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94-1.50; I 2 79%), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. Immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect of cigarettes were the possible mechanisms behind this increased risk. Conclusions: A significantly increased risk of PBC among individuals who ever smoked was observed in this study, adding to the already long list of harmful health consequences of smoking.
Five-Year Outcomes of Behavioral Health Integration in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Walter Heather J. , Vernacchio Louis , Trudell Emily K. , Bromberg Jonas , Goodman Ellen , Barton Jessica , Young Gregory J. , DeMaso David R. , Focht Glenn
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In the context of protracted shortages of pediatric behavioral health (BH) specialists, BH integration in pediatric primary care can increase access to BH services. The objectives of this study were to assess the structure and process of pediatric BH integration and outcomes in patient experience (access and quality), cost, and provider satisfaction.

METHODS:

In 2013, we launched a multicomponent, transdiagnostic integrated BH model (Behavioral Health Integration Program [BHIP]) in a large pediatric primary care network in Massachusetts. Study participants comprised the first 13 practices to enroll in BHIP (Phase-1). Phase-1 practices are distributed across Greater Boston, with ∼105 primary care practitioners serving ∼114 000 patients. Intervention components comprised in-depth BH education, on-demand psychiatric consultation, operational support for integrated practice transformation, and on-site clinical BH service.

RESULTS:

Over 5 years, BHIP was associated with increased practice-level BH integration (P < .001), psychotherapy (P < .001), and medical (P = .04) BH visits and guideline-congruent medication prescriptions for anxiety and depression (P = .05) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (P = .05). Total ambulatory BH spending increased by 8% in constant dollars over 5 years, mainly attributable to task-shifting from specialty to primary care. Although an initial decline in emergency BH visits from BHIP practices was not sustained, total emergency BH spending decreased by 19%. BHIP providers reported high BH self-efficacy and professional satisfaction from BHIP participation.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings from this study suggest that integrating BH in the pediatric setting can increase access to quality BH services while engendering provider confidence and satisfaction and averting substantial increases in cost.
Implementing Sino-Russian Educational Programs for Training Chinese Engineers
Authors: Fedotova Nina L. , Solovyeva Elena B. , Vtorov Victor B. , Yun Lyudmila G.
Published: June 2019

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined by the gradual expansion of contacts between the PRC and the Russian Federation in the educational sphere and the need to improve the national education systems. The purpose of the article is to identify methodological problems in organizing Sino-Russian educational programs for training engineers for the People’s Republic of China and to propose the optimal solution to these problems.
Materials and Methods. In considering the problems of organization of the educational process for joint Sino-Russian educational programs, we use empirical methods: description, content analysis, comparison and synthesis. A survey of teaching staff and students was conducted. Students and teachers, who took part in the joint program of Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University and Xuzhou University of Technology were selected to be interviewed. The survey also involved teaching staff and students of Jiangsu Pedagogical University.
Results. We will suggest recommendations for the development of joint programs, the purpose of which is to prepare highly qualified engineers for the People’s Republic of China. These recommendations will improve the educational process, the quality of the professional training of Chinese students, enhance their level of proficiency in the Russian language. Our results suggest that to improve the quality of training of Chinese engineers who receive two diplomas, it is necessary to take into account the motives of Chinese students, their cognitive style of learning, the used learning strategies and the national characteristics of the Chinese education system.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study may be useful to educators involved in collaboration activities between educational institutions of different countries. Following the proposed recommendations, we expect teachers in special subjects to easily write textbooks, including digital ones that suit the topical students’ needs and enable teaching staff efficiency.