bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Salvador, juicio sobre el año 1978
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 33, No. 361-362, 1978: 865-876.
Consecuencias de una devaluación del colón
Authors: Berry Charles
Published: May 2023

La devaluación que ha sufrido el dólar americano desde 1971 ha llevado consigo una devaluación efectiva del colón, por estar esta moneda vinculada al dólar, con las consecuencias que se siguen para una economía de exportación de materias primas e importación de productos manufacturados. El autor del presente artículo, además de analizar las consecuencias del fenómeno anterior, estudia las consecuencias que se seguirían de una política nacional de devaluación de su moneda, así como las ventajas e inconvenientes que pueden incidir en tomar una medida de este tipo.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 33, No. 361-362, 1978: 937-944.
cafetalera y los salarios
Authors: L. M. R.
Published: May 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 33, No. 361-362, 1978: 947-948.
Monseñor Óscar A. Romero propuesto al Premio Nobel de la Paz
Authors: S. M.
Published: May 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 33, No. 361-362, 1978: 951-952.
Leyendo el Diario Oficial
Authors: El Editor
Published: May 2023

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 35, No. 379, 1980: 495-500.
Sekizinci Sınıf Matematik Ders Kitabında Bulunan Çözümlü Örneklerinde Geometrik Muhakeme
Authors: KAYA Sema Nur , TAPAN BROUTIN Menekşe Seden , ARSLAN Çiğdem , EZENTAŞ Ridvan
Published: May 2023

Matematik öğretim programlarında ayrılmaz unsur olarak geometri karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Nitekim matematik ders kitaplarında bulunan geometri konularındaki soru ve çözüm şekilleri öğrenciler için geometrik muhakeme gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada MEB onaylı ortaokul sekizinci sınıf matematik ders kitabında yer alan geometri ve ölçme alanında çözümlü örneklerin geometrik muhakeme açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yönteminin doküman analiz modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama kaynakları olarak Türkiye’de, MEB (2018) tarafından 5 yıl kullanma süresiyle onaylanan bir ortaokul 8. sınıf matematik ders kitabı ve 2018, 2019, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında yapılan Liselere Geçiş Sistemi (LGS) sınavında yer alan matematik testleri kullanılmıştır. Sekizinci sınıf matematik ders kitabının 144-229 sayfaları arasında yer alan geometri ünitelerindeki çözümlü örnekler ve LGS sınavlarındaki matematik testlerinde bulunan geometri soruları irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada veri analizi Duval’in kavrayış türleri esas alınarak gerçekleştirildiğinden verilerin betimsel analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda matematik ders kitabında bulunan üçgenler, eşlik ve benzerlik ve geometrik cisimler konularındaki çözümlü örneklerde en fazla söylemsel kavrayışa yer verildiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte matematik ders kitabında bulunan çözümlü örnekler ile LGS sınavında bulunan sorular karşılaştırıldığında her ikisinde de söylemsel kavrayışın ön planda olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca algısal, sıralı ve işlevsel kavrayışla ilgili sorulara az sayıda yer verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Rutin Olmayan Problemlere İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: ERGEN Yusuf , CİRİT Ergin , SAYGILI Hatice , ASLAN Hamidullah
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin rutin olmayan problemlere ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseninde yürütülen araştırmanın katılımcılarını, uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 27 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmış ve verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; öğretmenler rutin olmayan problemlerin öğrencilerin düşünme becerilerini ve üst düzey düşünme yeteneğini geliştirdiğini, bilişsel gelişime katkı sağladığını belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenler rutin olmayan problemlere müfredatta yeterince yer verilmediği görüşündedirler. Kendi çabaları ile rutin olmayan problemleri derslerine eklediklerini ve ev ödevi olarak verdiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Bu problemlerin çözümünün öğretiminde dramatize etme, hikâyeleştirme, problemi parçalara ayırma stratejilerini kullandıklarını ve öğrencilere rehberlik yaptıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca öğretmenler, rutin olmayan problemlerin çözümüne ilişkin okuduğunu anlama çalışmaları, bol soru çözümü ve problemi günlük hayatla ilişkilendirme çalışmaları yapılmasını önermişlerdir. Öğretmenler rutin olamayan problemlerin zaman alıcı olması, çözümünün uzun olması, zorlayıcı olması, anlaşılması zor olması gibi sınırlılıklara sahip olduğunu da belirtmişlerdir.
İlkokul 3. ve 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Matematik Kaygısı ve Matematik Öz yeterlik Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Zana , DERİNGÖL Yasemin
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırma, ilkokul 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik kaygısı ve matematik özyeterlik algılarının incelenmesi ve bunlar arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. İstanbul ilinde öğrenim görmekte olan 3 ve 4. Sınıfa giden toplamda 1076 ilkokul öğrencisinin katılımıyla nicel desende tasarlanan bu araştırmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Öğrenci Bilgi Formu”, Bindak (2005)’in “İlköğretim Öğrencileri için Matematik Kaygı Ölçeği” ve Ünay (2012) tarafından geliştirilen “Matematiğe Yönelik Öz Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği” araştırmanın veri toplama araçlarıdır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde SPSS 25.0 kullanılmıştır. Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis H testi ve Spearman Korelasyon veri analizi olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada ilkokul öğrencilerinin matematik kaygılarının düşük ve matematiğe yönelik öz yeterlilik algılarının orta düzeyde, kızların matematik başarısı algısının, erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğu ve aynı zamanda “Matematiğe Yönelik Öz Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği” toplam puanlara göre bakıldığında da yine kızların erkeklerden daha yüksek özyeterlik algısına sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Üçüncü sınıfların matematik başarısı algıları ve kendilerine güvenleri dördüncü sınıflardan daha yüksektir. Matematik notları iyi olan öğrencilerin çok iyi olan öğrencilere göre matematik öz yeterlilik algısı ile matematik kaygı ortalamasının daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Matematik yeterlilik seviyesi yüksek olan öğrencilerin, matematik başarısı ve kendine güvenin yüksek olmasının yanında matematik kaygı düzeyi düşüktür. Öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik öz yeterlikleri ile matematik kaygıları arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki vardır.
RELEVANSI FAKTOR PENENTU PERLUASAN MISI GEREJA MULA-MULA BAGI MISI SEDUNIA
Authors: Nggebu Sostenis
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT: The problem of this article examines the challenging and decisive factors for the expansion of the mission of the Early Church in Asia Minor, from Jerusalem to Rome. These determining factors allow the expansion of the Church's mission to be used as a benchmark for the church throughout the centuries in mission. The study of this article uses a descriptive method. The results show that the early Christians carried out the Great Commission for the expansion of the church's mission because it was supported by the obedience of their leaders and members of the congregation, the motivation to establish new congregations, diverse outreach strategies, and geo-political conditions that were conducive to reaching nations outside of the world. Jews with the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Therefore, the yellowing harvest fields in Asia Minor became the target of their ministry to establish a church. The uniqueness of the Early Church can inspire church members in Indonesia to take advantage of conducive geo-political factors in order to reach open ethnic groups and are ready to be harvested.ABSTRAK: Problem artikel ini membahas faktor yang menantang dan yang menentukan bagi perluasan misi Gereja Mula-mula di Asia Kecil, mulai dari Yerusalem sampai ke Roma. Faktor-faktor penentu itu memungkinkan perluasan misi Gereja dapat ini dapat dijadikan patokan bagi gereja sepanjang abad dalam bermisi. Kajian artikel ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasilnya, menunjukkan orang Kristen mula-mula melaksanakan Amanat Agung demi perluasan misi gereja karena didukung oleh ketaatan para pemimpin dan warga jemaatnya, motivasi untuk mendirikan jemaat baru, strategi penjangkauan yang beragam, dan kondisi geo-politik yang kondusif untuk mencapai bangsa-bangsa di luar Yahudi dengan Injil Yesus Kristus. Oleh karena itu, ladang tuaian yang menguning di Asia Kecil menjadi terget pelayanan mereka untuk mendirikan jemaat. Keunikan Gereja Mula-mula ini dapat menginspirasi warga gereja di Indonesia agar memanfaatkan faktor geo-politik kondusif guna mencapai suku-suku bangsa yang terbuka dan siap dituai.Kata kunci: Gereja mula-mula, Perluasan Injil, faktor penentu, teladan pemimpin
Measurement report: Atmospheric fluorescent bioaerosol concentrations measured during 18 months in a coniferous forest in the south of Sweden
Authors: Petersson Sjögren Madeleine , Alsved Malin , Šantl-Temkiv Tina , Bjerring Kristensen Thomas , Löndahl Jakob
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Biological aerosol particles affect human health, are
essential for microbial and gene dispersal, and have been proposed as important agents for atmospheric processes. However, the abundance and size
distributions of atmospheric biological particles are largely unknown. In
this study we used a laser-induced fluorescence instrument to measure
fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentrations for 18 months
(October 2020–April 2022) at a rural, forested site in Sweden. The aim of
this study was to investigate FBAP number concentrations (NFBAP) over
time and analyze their relationship with meteorological parameters. NFBAP was highest in summer and lowest in winter, exhibiting a ∼ 5-fold difference between these seasons. The median
NFBAP was 0.0050, 0.0025, 0.0027, and 0.0126 cm−3 in fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively, and constituted ∼ 0.1–0.5 % of the total supermicron particle number concentration.
NFBAP was dominated by the smallest measured size fraction (1–3 µm), suggesting that the main portions of the biological particles measured were due to single bacterial cells, fungal spores, and bacterial
agglomerates. NFBAP was significantly correlated with increasing air temperature (P<0.01) in all seasons. For most of the campaign
NFBAP was seen to increase with wind speed (P<0.01), while the
relationship with relative humidity was for most of the campaign nonsignificant (46 %) but for a large part (30 %) negative (P<0.05). Our results indicate that NFBAP was highest during warm and dry conditions when wind speeds were high, suggesting that a major part of the
FBAP in spring and summer was due to mechanical aerosol generation and release mechanisms. In fall, relative humidity may have been a more important factor in bioaerosol release. This is one of the longest time series of atmospheric FBAPs, which are greatly needed for estimates of bioaerosol background concentrations in comparable regions.
Adjustment of one-minute rain gauge time series using co-located drop size distribution and wind speed measurements
Authors: Cauteruccio Arianna , Stagnaro Mattia , Lanza Luca G. , Chan Pak-Wai
Published: May 2023

Abstract. A procedure to adjust rainfall intensity (RI) measurements to account for the wind-induced measurement bias of traditional catching-type gauges is proposed and demonstrated with application to a suitable case study. The objective is to demonstrate that adjustment curves derived from numerical simulation and disdrometer measurements allows for a-posteriori correction of rainfall time series based on the wind velocity measurements alone. One-minute RI measurements from a cylindrical tipping-bucket rain gauge installed at the Hong Kong Observatory are adjusted to quantify the impact of wind on long-term records. Catch ratios deriving from the instrument aerodynamic behaviour under varying wind speed and drop size combinations are obtained by fitting computational fluid-dynamic simulation results already available in the literature. Co-located high-resolution wind speed measurements from a cup and vane sensor and drop size distribution measurements from an optical video disdrometer (the 2DVD) are used to infer the collection efficiency of the gauge as a function of wind speed and RI alone, and to adjust raw data from a four-year dataset (2018–2021) of one-minute RI measurements. Due to the specific local climatology, where strong wind is often associated with intense precipitation, adjustments are limited to 4 % of the RI values in 80 % of the dataset. This however results in a significant amount of available freshwater resources that would be missing from the calculated hydrological and water management budget of the region should the adjustments be neglected. This work raises the need of quantifying the impact of the wind-induced bias in other sites where disdrometer data support characterizing the relationship between the drop size distribution and the measured RI. Depending on the local rain and wind climatology the correction may account for a significant portion of the annual rainfall amount.
STEMMUS-MODFLOW v1.0.0: Integrated Understanding of Soil Water and Groundwater Flow Processes: Case Study of the Maqu Catchment, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Lianyu , Zeng Yijian , Cai Huanjie , Li Mengna , Zha Yuanyuan , Zeng Jicai , Qian Hui , Su Zhongbo
Published: May 2023

Abstract. How to efficiently and physically integrate the soil water dynamics with groundwater flow processes has drawn much attention. We present a coupled soil water-groundwater model, considering the two-way feedback coupling scheme, and verified its performance using two synthetic cases (using the fully 3D variably saturated flow (VSF) model simulations as the ‘reference’) and one real catchment case (using the groundwater table depth and soil moisture profile measurements). By the cross-validation between the observations and various model simulations, the two-way coupling approach is proven physically accurate and is applicable for large-scale groundwater flow problems. Compared to the simulation by groundwater model alone (i.e., only MODFLOW), the coupling of MODFLOW with one soil column reduced the overestimation of groundwater table simulation (taking the VSF model simulations as the reference). The results were further improved as more soil columns were used to represent the heterogeneous soil water-groundwater interactions. Compared to the HYDRUS-MODFLOW, the two-way coupling approach produces a similar spatial distribution of hydraulic heads while better performs in mimicking the temporal dynamics of groundwater table depth and soil moisture profiles. We attribute the better performance to the different coupling strategies across the soil-water and groundwater interface. It is thus suggested to adopt the two-way feedback coupling scheme, together with the moving phreatic boundary and multi-scale water balance analysis, to maintain physical consistency and reduce coupling errors. The realistic implementation of the vadose zone processes (with STEMMUS), coupling approach, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil water-groundwater interactions were demonstrated critical to accurately represent an integrated soil water-groundwater system. The developed STEMMUS-MODFLOW model can be further equipped with different complexities of soil physics (e.g., coupled soil water and heat transfer, freeze-thaw, airflow processes), surface hydrology (snowfall, runoff), soil and plant biogeochemical processes, towards an integrated "from bedrock to atmosphere" modeling framework.
Effects of Urbanization on the water cycle in the Shiyang River Basin: Based on stable isotope method
Authors: Li Rui , Zhu Guofeng , Lu Siyu , Sang Liyuan , Meng Gaojia , Chen Longhu , Jiao Yinying , Wang Qinqin
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The water cycle has been hampered by urban development and the changes it has made to natural surfaces, especially in arid regions with scarce water supplies. Urbanization has a significant hydrological impact because of the high water demands of urban populations and economic factors. We set up an observational system close to Wuwei City, which is situated in the Shiyang River Basin, to research the effects of urbanization on isotope dynamics within the basin. We sought to clarify any perceptible changes in isotopic patterns by the methodical collecting and analysis of water samples from various water sources. According to our research, landscape dams in urban areas have a substantial impact on the evaporation and penetration of surface water. We have also observed a weaker connection between precipitation, surface water, and groundwater in urban areas, as compared to non-urban regions. Also, our research has demonstrated that metropolitan areas have a quicker catchment cycle and a quicker conversion of rainfall to runoff. These results have important ramifications for managing water resources and urban planning since they offer important insight into the hydrological dynamics of urban areas. In dry regions, where care must be made to the loss of water resources owing to landscape dam evaporation, the barrier impact of urbanization on water body connection is particularly severe.
النظم والأسلوب - قراءة جديدة في نظرية الإعجاز القرآني
Authors: محمد حسن مصطفى
Published: May 2023

ضم البحث ثلاثة مباحث، عرض الأول قضية الإعجاز في خمسة محاور، اختزلت مسائله الأساسية وما دار حولها من اختلافات في وجهات النظر، وتناول المبحث الثاني نظرية النظم بوصفها الوجه الأرجح للإعجاز عند الدارسين، وتعرض لمصطلح النظم، وبين عدم وضوحه، وتداخل مفهومه مع مصطلحات ووجوه أخرى للإعجاز، قبل أن يتصدى الشيخ الجرجاني لوضع حده وتفصيل مفهومه في القرن الخامس الهجري، وبعد ذلك أيضاً، وإقرار الجرجاني بعدم كفاية النظم لتفسير الإعجاز، مع حماسه الشديد وجهده المجيد في بيان مزاياه وأثره في المفاضلة بين مستويات بلاغة الكلام، ومبحث الأسلوب هو الأهم في هذه القراءة، وقد تناول مصطلح الأسلوب عند الإعجازيين، ورأى أن مفهوماً أوسع للأسلوب شاع في الأوساط الأدبية والنقدية يمكن أن يقارب مفهومه المعاصر، ويقدم وجهاً للإعجاز وصف الإعجازيون كثيراً من ملامحه، ولم يسعفهم المصطلح لبيان حده ومفهومه، وهذا الوجه يتسع لكل ما ذكر تحت عنوان النظم والبلاغة والإخبار عن الغيوب، وغيرها من الوجوه المتعددة، فهو يشمل فروق النظم ودقائقه، ومقتضيات أحوال المخاطب، ويُعنى فضلاً عن ذلك بمقتضيات الخطاب المعبرة عن طبيعة منشئه، فالقرآن هو كلام الله الخالق العليم المحيط بكل شيء علماً، ومن هنا يحسم التوجيه الأسلوبي خلافات كثيرة في وجوه الإعجاز، ومقداره، فالوحدة النصية مقصودة في الخطاب الأسلوبي، ولا يقوم مقدار السورة مقامها.
Alternating or Bilateral Exercise Training does not Influence Force Control during Single-Leg Submaximal Contractions with the Dorsiflexors
Authors: Petrović Ivana , Amiridis Ioannis G. , Holobar Ales , Trypidakis Georgios , Sahinis Chrysostomos , Kannas Theodoros , Kellis Eleftherios , Enoka Roger M.
Published: May 2023

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of habitual training history on force steadiness and the discharge characteristics of motor units in tibialis anterior during submaximal isometric contractions. Fifteen athletes whose training emphasized alternating actions (11 runners and 4 cyclists) and fifteen athletes who relied on bilateral actions with leg muscles (7 volleyball players, 8 weight-lifters) performed 2 maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) with the dorsiflexors, and 3 steady contractions at 8 target forces (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% MVC). The discharge characteristics of motor units in tibialis anterior were recorded using high-density electromyography grids. The MVC force and the absolute (standard deviation) and normalized (coefficient of variation) amplitudes of the force fluctuations at all target forces were similar between groups. The coefficient of variation for force decreased progressively from 2.5% to 20% MVC force, then it plateaued until 60% MVC force. Mean discharge rate of the motor units in tibialis anterior was similar at all target forces between groups. The variability in discharge times (coefficient of variation for interspike interval) and the variability in neural drive (coefficient of variation of filtered cumulative spike train) was also similar for the two groups. These results indicate that athletes who have trained with either alternating or bilateral actions with leg muscles has similar effects on maximal force, force control, and variability in the independent and common synaptic input during a single-limb isometric task with the dorsiflexors.
Los marcadores de reformulación de distanciamiento en español: Patrones sociolingüísticos y geolectales
Authors: San Martín Núñez Abelardo , Rojas Inostroza Cristian
Published: May 2023

En este artículo nos aproximamos a la variación geolectal y sociolingüística de un tipo específico de marcador discursivo en español, a saber, los reformuladores de distanciamiento, que son unidades de funcionamiento pragmático mediante las cuales los hablantes vuelven a formular lo que se ha dicho, a fin de distanciarse de un enunciado anterior. Nuestro objetivo general es analizar el empleo de los marcadores de reformulación de distanciamiento más frecuentes en diferentes variedades geográficas de la lengua española, tanto en España como en América, utilizando muestras del corpus del Proyecto para el estudio sociolingüístico del español de España y América (PRESEEA). De este modo, determinamos la existencia de reformuladores de distanciamiento de uso más general o panhispánico, así como de otros de empleo más particular o idiosincrásico de cada comunidad de habla, desde un enfoque variacionista geolectal y sociolingüístico.
De la monoculturalidad a la interculturalidad. Hacia el desarrollo de la competencia intercultural para estudiantes chinos de ELE a través de un curso de MOOC
Authors: Chen Zhi , Chen Danna , Jia Mengzhen
Published: May 2023

La competencia intercultural es una de las capacidades más fundamentales para cualquier persona en un mundo cada vez más globalizado, sobre todo para los estudiantes de lengua extranjera. Con el uso extendido de Internet, la modalidad de enseñanza ha de revolucionarse para satisfacer las necesidades de una nueva sociedad. El presente artículo indaga sobre la efectividad del curso «Introducción a las fiestas chinas y sus connotaciones culturales» impartido en modelo B-learning (MOOC + clases presenciales) en una universidad china. De ahí, se propone la construcción de un nuevo ecosistema para la enseñanza de la interculturalidad entre China y el mundo hispánico en que los tres niveles (técnico, cognitivo y axiológico) se entrelazan y se apoyan para crear un bucle cerrado.
Barriers and Challenges of Immigrant Women’s Access to and Experience of Optimal Maternity Care
Authors: Zhu Claire
Published: May 2023

With an increase in immigrant populations, healthcare systems are experiencing a new wave of ethnic-cultural diversity among patients. For the 48.1% of women among global migrants, maternal healthcare services are often the first level of contact with new healthcare systems in countries of resettlement. However, immigrants face many barriers, including socioeconomic and language considerations. As maternal care requires frequent contact with health care services through all stages of pregnancy, ensuring the quality of care is important to protect maternal and infant health. Using a systematic review method analyzing 17 articles from PubMed and Google Scholar in the past 20 years, 3 overarching themes were identified: lack of access to prenatal care, cultural insensitivity during in-hospital settings, and challenge in identifying and experiencing post-partum depression. This literature review reveals the broader influences and contextual variables in maternity care and highlights problems relating to the acceptability and accessibility of maternity services for immigrant women. Overall, this paper reveals the importance of considering immigrants’ socio-cultural context of childbirth practices, creating more accessible prenatal classes, and addressing disparities in postpartum depression. This knowledge can better inform health services delivery and formulate health promotion strategies to address discrepancies in maternal health outcomes.
MAHARAH KALAM DAN PROBLEMATIKA PEMBELAJARANNYA
Authors: Nurlaila Nurlaila
Published: May 2023

الملخص

مهارة الكلام من المهارات الأساسية التي يسعى الطالب إلى إتقانها في اللغات الاجنبية. ومهارة الكلام هي مهارة الثانية في تعليم اللغة وهي مهارة في نطق الأصوات والكلمات أو الجملة لتعبير أفكارهم وأشعارهم بقواعد النحوية والصرفية. ولكن في تعليم مهارة الكلام مشكلة كثيرة وهي مشكلة لغوية وغير لغوية. أما مشكلة لغوية يعني صعبة الطلبة في نطق الأصوات نطقا سليما، صعبة الطلبة في حفظ المفردات الجديدة، صعبة الطلبة في تكوين الجملة المفيدة، صعبة الطلبة في إملاء الجملة المفيدة. وأما مشكلة غير لغوية يعنى صعبة الطلبة في نطق المفردات الجديدة، أنّ الطلبة لا يتكلم اللغة العربية مرارا، الطريقة التعليم لاتناسب بمواد التعليمية، ناقص اهتمام المدرس في عملية التعليم.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TEKS CERITA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS XI BAHASA DI MA MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA BIMA
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Iklimah Assifah Putri , Rahman Ade
Published: May 2023

Berbicara merupakan salah satu alat yang digunakan dalam penyampaian ide dan gagasan secara lisan dengan adanya permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh siswa dalam keterampilan berbicara bahasa arab sehingga diilakukan analisis penggunaan media teks cerita maharah Al-kalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) proses pembelajaran berbicara bahasa arab dengan menggunakan teks cerita pada siswa kelas XI MA Muhammadiyah Bima. (2) hasil pembelajaran bahasa arab dengan menggunakan teks cerita pada siswa kelas XI MA Muhammadiyah Bima. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar obsevasi, interview dan Dokumentasi. Sedangkan Tehnik Analisis yang digunakan dalam menganalisis adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran maharah al-kalam sebagai berikut: a) Guru memberitahukan tujuan pembelajaran kepada siswa; b) memberikan waktu yang cukup untuk belajar membaca bahasa Arab; c) dilatih untuk membaca bahasa Arab dengan benar.

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PEMBELAJARAN MAHARAH KITABAH PADA KELAS VII (TUJUH) SMP MUAMMADIYAH RITE AMBALAWI KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Arafah Nur
Published: May 2023

Keterampilan menulis adalah salah satu keterampilan berbahasa yang ingin dicapai siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa bahasa Arab. Penguasaan keterampilan menulis siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menggabungkan huruf ke  huruf lain, maupun penepatan harakat pada kalimat atau kata. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui langkah guru dalam meningkatkan keterampiln menulis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru bahasa Arab yang mengajar di kelas vii Smp Muhammadiyah Rite Ambalawi yang berjumlah 2 orang. analisis data reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil Peneliti menunjukkan bahwa langkah guru untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis adalah, 1) Menulis  berulang ulang, 2) Menulis hafal teks dan 3) Menulis Dengan Membaca.
PENERAPAN MEDIA POP-UP BOOK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA ARAB MTS NURUL JIHAD KOTA BIMA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: May 2023

segara publikasi
تأثير طريقة تعليم الأقران على مخرجات في تعليم اللغة العربية بمدرسة العالية الحديثة الرفاعي مالانج
Authors: Abidin Munirul , Anwar M. Syahrul
Published: May 2023

طريقة  التعليم  لها دورًا مهمًا جدًا في التعليم ، وخاصة تعلم اللغة العربية. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو دراسة تأثير تعليم الأقران على نتائج التعلم في المواد العربية. من المتوقع استخدام نتائج هذه الدراسة كحل بديل لتطوير جودة التعلم الحالي. تستخدم هذه الدراسة الطريقة التجريبية بينما التصميم هو تصميم الاختبار التمهيدي الثابت. الفصل الحادي عشر: مدرسة الرفاعي مالانج الحديثة حيث بلغ عدد الطلاب في هذه الدراسة 64 طالبًا. استخدمت تقنية أخذ العينات تقنيات مرتجلة. العلاج بتكرار أسبوع واحد مرتين مع عدد اللقاءات 10 مرات متواصلة لمدة 6 أسابيع. أسئلة الاختبار هي الأدوات التي اختارها الباحثون لقياس نتائج التعلم. بناءً على نتائج التحليل ، هناك تأثير كبير لنموذج تعليم الأقران على نتائج تعلم الطلاب مقارنة بالنموذج التقليدي.
BAHASA ARAB DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT PENGETAHUAN (Studi Korelasi Filsafat Sebagai Sentrum Kajian Bahasa Arab)
Authors: Rosyad Muh. Sabilar , Qomaruddin Farid , Haq Muhammad Ainul , Muslimin Muslimin , Ulin Nuha Muhammad Afthon
Published: May 2023

Filsafat sering kali diartikulasikan sebuah pemikiran yang mendalam, dan tanpa disadari pemikiran tersebut tidak dapat tersampaikan dan dipahami oleh orang lain tanpa bahasa. Begitu juga tanpa adanya pemikiran, bahasa tidak akan mengalami perkembangan hingga saat ini. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap keterkaitan antara filsafat dan bahasa, serta mengekplorasi konsep bahasa dalam paradigma filsafat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kajian kepustakaan. Sumber data didapat melalui berbagai literatur yang relevan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan arsip. Adapaun analisisnya menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bahasa sebagai sarana bagi filsafat untuk alat kominikasi verbal yang dipakai dalam seluruh proses berfikir ilmiah, dan bahasa sendiri dapat menjadi objek kajian filsafat sebagai sebuah pengetahuan (ilmu) yang kemudian melahirkan filsafat bahasa; 2) Terdapat empat konsep bahasa dalam tinjauan paradigma filsafat yang erat kaitanya dengan ilmu bahasa, diantaranya: paradigma linguistik tradisional, paradigma linguistik struktural, paradigma lingusitik fungsional dan paradigma linguistik transformatif generatif.
FINGER PAINTING DALAM MENSTIMULUS PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Jumriatin Jumriatin , Anhusadar Laode
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui gambaran perkembangan motorik halus anak pada kelompok B di TK Al-Aqsho, (2) pelaksanaan dari kegiatan Finger Painting dalam pengembangan motorik halus anak pada kelompok B di TK Al-Aqsho Desa Lamomea Kecematan Konda Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang yang memiliki empat tahapan yakni perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.  Setiap siklus dilakukan dengan tiga kali pertemuan.  Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dokumentasi dan penilaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Finger Painting dapat meningkatkan perekmbangan motorik halus anak kelas B di TK Al-Aqsho Desa Lamomea Kecematan Konda Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Finger Painting dalam pengembangan motorik halus anak pada kelompok B2 di TK Al-Aqsho Pada siklus 1 menunjukkan kemampuan anak dominan berada pada kriteria ketuntasan 62,05% atau berada pada kategori cukup. Pada siklus 2 menunjukkan kemampuan anak berada pada rentang penilaian berkembang sesuai harapan dengan kriteria ketuntasan sebanyak 75% atau berada dalam kategori baik kemampuan motorik halusnya pada indikator anak dapat menggunting sesuai pola ketuntasannya 75%, indikator kerapian dalam mencetak gambar 75%, indikator meniru bentuk 62,5%, dan mencetak sesuai gagasan ketuntasan 75%.
DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK ANAK DI DESA SARI KECAMATAN SAPE KABUPATEN BIMA
Authors: Jamilah Sri , Akbar Muhammad , Ilham Ilham
Published: May 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pernikahan dini terhadap pendidikan akhlak anak di Desa Sari. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sari. Pada penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi/pengamatan, interview/wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu anak yang lahir dari hasil pernikahan dini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pernikahan dini yaitu: 1. Kurangnya perhatian dari orang tua, 2. Kurangya ilmu agama orang tua dan anak, 3. Terlalu dekat dan cepatnya anak mengenal lawan jenis, dan 4. Rendahnya ekonomi keluarga. Adapun dampak pernikahan dini terhadap pendidikan akhlak anak antara lain sebagai berikut: 1. Bertutur kata dan berperilaku yang tidak baik, 2. Kurangnya ilmu pendidikan akhlak anak, dan 3. Anak sulit untuk diarahkan pada hal-hal yang positif.
HUBUNGAN PEMBIASAAN PEMBERIAN SARAPAN TERHADAP ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI KENAGARIAN KOTO KACIAK KABUPATEN PASAMAN
Authors: Nova Ratih Elia , Marlina Serli
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kebiasaan sarapan anak-anak di Kenagarian Koto Kaciak Kabupaten Pasaman, anak-anak di Kenagarian tersebut cenderung tidak terbiasa melakukan sarapan dikarenakan kesibukan dari masing-masing orang tua yang mengakibatkan mereka tidak sempat untuk menyiapkan sarapan pagi untuk anak mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara kebiasaan sapemberian sarapan dengan tingkat konsentrasi anak usia 4-6 tahun di Kenagarian Koto Kaciak Kabupaten Pasaman. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif adalah penelitian ilmiah yang sistematis terhadap bagian-bagian dan fenomena serta kausalitas hubungan-hubungannya. Pendekatan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah korelasional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 orang anak dari usia 4-6 tahun dengan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Versi 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak di Kenagarian Koto Kaciak telah memenuhi kebiasaan sarapannya dengan baik namun juga masih terdapat beberapa anak dengan kebiasaan sarapan yang buruk. Kemudian dari uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai sig < 0,05 dan diperoleh nilai r 0,849 > 0,2787 (df 48, taraf 5%). sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat antara pembiasaan pemberiaan sarapan dengan konsentrasi anak di Kenagarian Koto Kaciak Kabupaten Pasaman.
PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KHR. ABDULLAH BIN NUH
Authors: Syakban Ismail , Muchlis Muchlis
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pemikiran pendidikan KH.Raden Abdullah Bin Nuh yang merupakan salah satu ulama Jawa Barat dan termasuk tokoh pembaharu pendidikan Islam yang berhasil mengembangkan lembaga pendidikan non-pemerintah (swasta), dan mengembangkan lembaga pendidikan formal dan non-formal.Gagasan dan pemikiran pendidikan KHR. Abdullah Bin Nuh secara implisit dapat ditelusuri dari berbagai karya tulis seta akrivitasnya. Dari berbagai judul buku yang ditulisnya tersebut secara eksplisit tidak ada yang berjudul pendidikan dalam arti ilmu pendidikan, yang dijumpai dalam buku tersebut adalah nilai-nilai luhur yang harus ditanamkan kedalam jiwa masyarakat.Dengan demikian, Abdullah Bin Nuh dapat dikatakan sebagai praktisi pendidikan, yaitu orang yang mengabdikan seluruh jiwa dan raganya untuk mendidik masyarakat. Pemikiran pendidikan KHR. Abdullah bin Nuh lebih mengutamakan akhlak (tasawuf). Hal ini terwujud dari berbagai pengalaman dan pendalaman berbagai disiplin ilmu.karya Al- Ghazali banyak memberikan ide dalam menerbitkan gagasan-gagasan konsep pendidikan KHR.Abdullah Bin Nuh. Ini terbukti dengan nama-nama lembaga pendidikan diantaranya: Pesantren Al-Ghazali, Majlis Ta‟lim Al-Ihya yang keduanya berada di kota Bogor. Beliau juga menterjemahkan beberapa kitab karangan Al-Ghazali seperti: Minhajul „abidin, sebagian dari kitab Ihya „ulumuddin, serta materi yang menjadi bahan kajian mengkhususkan merujuk kitab Al-Ghazali.
PERAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PENANAMAN NILAI MODERASI AGAMA DI TENGAH POLEMIK ISLAMOPHOBIA
Authors: Atqia Wirani , Riky Abdullah Muhammad Syaiful
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mengkonfirmasi peran guru PAI dalam penanaman nilai moderasi beragama sebagai upaya pencegahan radikalisme. Dengan adanya bentuk radikalisme memberikan efek yang buruk bagi warga dan masyarakat, ketakutan ini mengakibatkan munculnya persepsi baru yaitu “Islamophobia”. Ketakutan masyarakat terhadap agama Islam, seperti tindakan radikalisme, terorisme, dan hal lain yang mengatasnamakan Islam. sehingga tergambarkan dalam benak pikiran masyarakat bahwa Islam merupakan biang keladi atas semua hal tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa guru pendidikan agama Islam di Kabupaten Batang menanamkan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama melalui pembelajaran. Terlihat pada RPP, bahan ajar yang digunakan, dan proses pembelajaran. Sebagai guru PAI mereka berperan penting untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai moderasi beragama sejak dini dimulai dari lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: Telaah Sejarah Sosial Keagamaan dan Modernisasi Pendidikan Muhammadiyah
Authors: Ilham Ilham , Syamsuddin Ihwan P.
Published: May 2023

Eksistensi pendidikan Islam di Indonesia dewasa ini merupakan sumbangan historis dari gerakan-gerakan sosial keagamaan oleh berbagai ormas Islam. Salah satu organisasi Islam yang sangat konsen dalam gerakan pengembangan pendidikan Islam yakni Muhammadiyah. Bahkan jauh sebelum adanya pelembagaan dan pengembangan pendidikan Islam secara formil oleh pemerintah Indonesia, posisi organasasi Muhammadiyah sejak tahun 1912 M telah menyelenggarakan pendidikan Islam sebagai basis gerakan sosial keagamaan. Ada beberapa hal yang mendorong Muhammadiyah tumbuh menjadi kekuatan di bidang pendidikan. Pertama, karena tatanan struktur kelembagaan pendidikan dan wewenang yang jelas, sehingga memudahkan pembinaan dan kontrol terhadap sekolah Muhammadiyah. Kedua, adanya keseragaman pemakaian nama dan label sekolah bagi setiap perguruan Muhammadiyah. Ketiga, karena sifatnya yang fleksibel dari kebijaksanaan organisasi pendidikan Muhammadiyah, di beberapa daerah dibentuk suatu koordinasi yang bertanggungjawab atas sejumlah sekolah menjadi satu unit pengelolaan.
MATERI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADITS
Authors: Muchlis Muchlis
Published: May 2023

PendidikaMempelajari sejarah kehidupan Rasulullah SAW akan terus menarik karena seluruh aspeknya bernilai pendidikan. Di antara aspek yang menarik itu adalah hadis nabi yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim atau yang lebih dikenal dengan hadis Jibril. Kajian ini bertujuan membahas Hadis Jibril yang bersinggungan langsung dengan proses pembelajaran dalam perspektif pendidikan, yaitu materi pendidikan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Peneliti mencatat semua temuan secara umum pada setiap pembahasan penelitian yang didapatkan dalam literatur-literatur dan sumber-sumber,mengumpulkan buku/kitab secara bertahap. Data-data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan content analysis, kemudian mengkaji, mempelajari, dan mencatat literatur yang ada kaitannya dengan fokus kajian. Hasil Kajian menunjukkan bahwa Materi pendidikan yang terdapat dalam hadits Jibril antara lain: materi iman, materi islam/fikih, materi akhlak, dan materi tanda-tanda hari kiamat.
Prognostic value of macrophage vasculiform mimicry in the evaluation of uveal melanoma progression
Authors: Shamanova A. Y. , Kazachkov E. L. , Panova I. E. , Saevets V. V. , Yarina L. V. , Shamaeva T. N. , Vlasova V. M.
Published: May 2023

Introduction Uveal melanoma (UM) is a malignant neoplasm of the vascular tract of the eye, prone to hematogenous metastasis, regardless of the type of treatment performed. Prediction and probability of UM metastasis is one of the main tasks of onco-ophthalmology. We decribed an alternative method of tumor blood supply due to the process of vasculo-like mimicry (VM) with the formation of pseudovascular structures of tumor cells is described. At the same time, the participation of the microenvironment in the processes of VM and metastasis is currently debatable and relevant.

Purpose of the work was to evaluate the prognostic role of macrophage vasculiform mimicry in the progression of chorioid melanoma based on the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of surgical material.

Materials and methods The surgical material of choroidal melanoma after enucleation for the period 2013-2018 was studied. Histological, histochemical (PAS reaction) and immunohistochemical studies were carried out using markers CD68 (macrophages), CD 34, CD31, D2-40 for the purpose of qualitative and quantitative assessment of macrophages in the stroma of tumors, large vessels and pseudovessels in the tumor.

Results The ability of macrophages to form vasculo-like spaces in choroidal melanoma has been discovered and described. In growth with macrometastases, more phage representatives are recorded than in tissue samples of non-metastasizing melanoma. the volume of the macroscopic mass of the ulcer and the growth rate of phages were registered as the inverse average in terms of the strength of the correlation. In group studies with metastases, an increase in the volume of pseudovascular volumes and the number of phages is recorded.

Discussion The macrophage microenvironment in a tumor can play a dual role: antitumor and protumor. The ability of macrophages for VM in UM has been described. The results of our macrostudy confirm the protumor activity of phages and their important role in tumor metastasis.

Conclusion In-depth study of the ways of pseudovascular space formation not only by the cells of the tumor itself, but also by its microenvironment, helps to open new directions in the study of predictors of UM metastasis and outline approaches to the development of new directions of anti-tumortherapy.
Cell renewal index in the differential diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation and adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Dub A. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction Singling out such diagnostic category as atypical small acinar proliferation of the prostate (ASAP) determines the necessity of forming additional approaches to differential morphological diagnosis in order to determine adenocarcinoma in time. Cell renewal index (CRI) is actively used to study proliferation and apoptosis in the epithelial cells of hormone-dependent glands, but in prostate pathology this criterion has not been studied.

The aim of the study was to characterize the cell renewal index in atypical small acinar proliferation and prostate adenocarcinoma of different degrees of differentiation in order to optimize differential diagnosis.

Materials and methods We studied 720 prostate biopsy specimens from 60 patients: Group 1 — 15 patients with ASAP; Group 2 − 15 with adenocarcinoma of high-grade of differentiation; Group 3 − 15 with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; Group 4 − 15 with low differentiated adenocarcinoma. We used immunohistochemical method (Ki-67, CPP32) and non-parametric statistical methods of investigation.

Results The CRI in ASAP was comparable to that in highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p=0.5). In moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma the CRI was significantly higher than in ASAP and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p=0.004). The greatest increase in CRI was noted in the low-differentiated adenocarcinoma group, which was higher and significantly different from the ASAP (p=0.000), highly differentiated carcinoma (p=0.003) and moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma (p=0.000) groups.

Discussion On the basis of statistical analysis the present study helped to reveal the identity of CRI parameters in ASAP and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostat, which allows to add a number of morphological criteria for transferring patients from the group of undetermined diagnosis of ASAP to the group of adenocarcinoma. There is a need for further investigation of CRI with multiparametric analysis including investigation of the expression levels of hormones involved in the regulation of cell renewal in the prostate and growth factors associated with them.

Conclusion The study allowed to reveal the identity of the CRI in ASAP and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate, which can supplement a number of morphological criteria for transferring patients from the group of undeterminate diagnosis of ASAP to the group of adenocarcinoma.
Predictive assessment of micro RNA expression level and number of nucleolar organizer regions with follicular thyroid tumor of undetermined malignant potential
Authors: Il’ina T. E. , Kazachkov E. L. , Sergijko S. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction This article presents the current views on follicular thyroid tumor of undetermined malignant potential (FTUMP) taking into account the principles of WHO classification. Molecular genetic study with identification of mutation of some genes as well as determination of expression level of some microRNAs are given as methods for detection of potential predictors of oncodiagnostics. It was shown that the state of nucleus organizer regions is a marker of cell proliferation rate.

The aim of the investigation was to estimate prognostic significance of expression level of some microRNAs and amount of regions of the nucleus organizers in the thyroid tissue at FTUMP to objectify approaches to development of adequate surgical tactics.

Materials and methods Profile, microRNA expression level by real time PCR and regions of the nucleus organizers were studied in 98 cases of FTUMP which made up 4.75% of all cases of thyroid tumors operated on during four years.

Results In 29 (29.6%) cases the spectrum of microRNA typical for malignant neoplasms was registered in the tissue of the FTUMP. In the remaining 69 (70.4%) cases out of 98 observations the spectrum and the expression level of microRNA corresponded to the follicular adenoma. Statistically significant differences in the average number of AgNORs and correlation between the cell area and the number of AgNORs granules were found within the formed subgroups.

Discussion Increase of the mean number of AgNORs and the ratio of the nucleus area to the number of silver nitrate granules in the 2nd subgroup in comparison with the 1st one, as well as the appearance of the type II cells testifies to the appearance of the proliferating tumor cells in a new tumor growth and can be considered as prognostic criteria of tumor malignization. These results correlate with the findings of molecular-genetic study.

Conclusion The data of the literature and the results obtained by studying the profile and the expression level of a number of microRNAs, morphometric characteristics and counting of thyrocyte nucleus organizer regions may serve as additional criteria for evaluation of the proliferative activity of the follicular epithelium in thyroid neoplasms, in particular to clarify the malignancy potential. Preoperatively diagnosed conditionally malignant FTUMP will allow to justify the necessity and amount of surgical intervention, and if a complex of criteria of conditionally benign FTUMP is revealed, to stick to the waiting tactics and refuse surgical intervention.