bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
#098 Culturas expostas a Porphyromonas Gengivalis e Fusobacterium Nucleatum e o cancro oral
Authors:   Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Seroto Cristiana , Guimarães Maria ,   Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Lopes Beatriz ,   Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Sequeira Teresa ,   Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Castro Filipe ,   Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Silveira Augusta ,   Universidade Fernando Pessoa
Published: January 2025

Objetivos: No presente estudo pretendeu-se encontrar resposta para a seguinte pergunta de investigação: ´Qual a relação existente entre a exposição de culturas celulares de tecidos humanos às bactérias Porphyromonas Gengivalis e Fusobacterium Nucleatum e a oncogénese e progressão tumoral na cavidade oral?´. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura seguindo as diretrizes Cochrane- estratégia de pesquisa sistematizada nos critérios Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome. A pesquisa bibliográfica abrangeu bases de dados eletrónicas e consulta de literatura cinzenta. A seleção e análise foi aplicada por 3 investigadores. A qualidade dos estudos utilizados foi analisada tendo em conta parâmetros da tabela de risco de viés da ferramenta QUIN Tool. Resultados: De um total de 126 artigos potencialmente relevantes foram selecionados 11 artigos. Na avaliação do risco de viés dos estudos verifica-se que os objetivos dos estudos foram na sua maioria claramente definidos sendo que a média deste parâmetro se aproxima de 1,46. A metodologia, teve uma média geral de 1,73, indicando clareza e objetividade. O método de medição do resultado também demostrou ter qualidade com uma média de 1,82. A Porphyromonas Gengivalis e Fusobacterium Nucleatum são duas bactérias cuja complexidade de interações com as células orais ficou estabelecida. Esta interação pode ser influenciada por fatores como a virulência bacteriana e resposta imune do hospedeiro. Níveis elevados de IL-6 estão associados à progressão do cancro oral, contribuindo para a proliferação celular, invasão e metástase. A IL-8 tem sido implicada na promoção da angiogénese e no recrutamento de células inflamatórias para o microambiente tumoral, facilitando a progressão do cancro oral. Conclusões: A exposição a Porphyromonas Gengivalis e Fusobacterium Nucleatum está associada à expressão de marcadores de oncogénese e progressão do cancro oral, especialmente o carcinoma oral de células escamosas. Para além de intensificarem a inflamação local, estas bactérias alteram o microambiente tumoral, promovendo a sobrevivência, proliferação e invasão de células cancerígenas. Destacam-se os papéis das citocinas pró-inflamatórias, como a IL-6 e a IL-8 que podem tornar-se potenciais biomarcadores e alvos terapêuticos no tratamento do cancro oral. Esta compreensão poderá ser decisiva em Saúde Oral enaltecendo a direta relação entre inflamação aguda e crónica na cavidade oral e a oncogénese e progressão tumoral.
#100 Adesão do Streptococcus mutans a diferentes resinas de provisórios de prótese fixa
Authors:   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Campos Ana , Fonseca Patrícia ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Correia André ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Araújo Filipe ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Gomes Ana ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Salgado Helena ,   Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Faculdade de Medicina Dentária
Published: January 2025

Objetivos: Os materiais provisórios em prótese fixa, face aos materiais definitivos, são mais propensos à colonização bacteriana devido à elevada porosidade e rugosidade de superfície e à menor adaptação marginal. Existem vários tipos de resinas que podem ser utilizadas para a confeção de provisórios fixos, nomeadamente, as resinas adaptadas ao sistema CAD-CAM. Os estudos do comportamento biológico destas novas resinas são ainda escassos, o que justifica esta investigação, cujo objetivo é comparar a suscetibilidade de diferentes resinas utilizadas na confeção de provisórios fixos para a adesão do Streptococcus mutans. Métodos: Foram confecionados 5 provetes de cada tipo de resina: acrílica (Tab 2000), bis-acrílica (Structur 3), resina para fresagem (Structur CAD), resina de impressão 3D (Dental Sand), com forma circular e dimensões padronizadas (10X2mm). Os provetes foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo de polimento manual e de acordo com as indicações de cada fabricante. A adesão do Streptococcus mutans à superfície das quatro resinas foi avaliada através da interpretação de imagens de microscopia eletrónica de varrimento. Foi também efetuada a quantificação da biomassa aderida desse microrganismo à superfície dos provetes. Os resultados obtidos foram sujeitos a análise estatística no software GraphPad Prism 9.0.0, com um limiar de significância de p<0,05. Resultados: As resinas acrílica e bis-acrílica apresentaram maior densidade de adesão de Streptococcus mutans do que as resinas da tecnologia CAD/CAM, o que foi confirmado pela contagem das células visualizadas. Quanto à biomassa aderida, os resultados mostraram uma maior adesão nas resinas de impressão 3D e bis-acrílica, no entanto, não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as diferentes resinas (ANOVA, p>0,05). Conclusões: As diferenças de suscetibilidade para a adesão de Streptococcus mutans aos vários tipos de resinas em estudo parecem estar relacionadas com as características físico-químicas dessas mesmas resinas e com as respetivas técnicas de processamento. Pelos resultados obtidos sugerem-se novos estudos que simulem o ambiente oral e com outros microorganismos.
Profile of Anemia Status in Adolescent Girls: Case Study at SMP Negeri 27 Padang
Authors: Burhan Ida Rahmah , Firdawati Firdawati , Asy Syukri Muhammad Hasbi , Fauziah Nur  , Fikri Rahman  , Putri Rizqy Nurfathonah , Asyifa Delfilaura  , Rahadi Didan Ariadapa , Dharma Fitri Yeni
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls worldwide is reported to be around 40-88%. Adolescent girls with anemia can affect work productivity or academic ability at school due to a lack of enthusiasm for learning and focus. Anemia in adolescent girls can continue throughout their lives and put them at risk of becoming anemic pregnant women who can give birth to premature babies and leading to stunting. This study aims to determine the description of hemoglobin levels in female adolescents at SMP Negeri 27 Padang.
Method: The research was descriptive, using a sample of 116 adolescent girls selected by proportionate stratified random sampling. Hemoglobin levels were examined using the Point of Care Testing (POCT) method using capillary blood.
Results: The results show that most hemoglobin levels are normal, namely 60 respondents (51,7%), low hemoglobin levels are 55 respondents (47,4%), and high hemoglobin levels are 1 respondents (0,9%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls at SMP Negeri 27 Padang generally have normal hemoglobin levels.
Keywords: Adolescent girls, anemia, hemoglobin
Quality of live pregnant women with hiv/aids : serial cases
Authors: Eka Yadnya Ni Putu , Darmayasa I Made
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Kasus HIV pada wanita sering ditemukan karena pasien melakukan pemeriksaan skrining antenatal. Wanita hamil dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) harus memiliki akses penggunaan antiretroviral therapy (ART) sesegera mungkin dan berkesinambungan. Hal ini melindungi kesehatan ibu dan mencegah penularan HIV ke janin sebelum lahir, atau melalui Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Ibu hamil dengan HIV cenderung memiliki dampak psikososial yang lebih buruk dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak hamil sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan: Melakukan penilaian tentang gambaran kualitas hidup ibu hamil dengan HIV. Metode: Suatu penelitian kualitatif dengan melakukan pendekatan laporan kasus. Data ibu hamil dengan HIV diambil dari data sekunder yaitu buku kohort ibu hamil yang ada di Poliklinik Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak Puskesmas I Melaya, Kabupaten Jembrana rentang Januari 2022 hingga Februari 2024. Pasien yang bersedia ikut dalam penelitian menjadi responden selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara dengan instrument WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kualitatif hasil wawancara yang telah dilakukan. Hasil: Dari 5 laporan kasus yang dibahas, terdapat 80% atau empat kasus memiliki kualitas hidup yang kurang baik bahkan buruk. Hanya 20% kasus memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik. Aspek dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien adalah aspek kemandirian sebanyak 80% kasus, aspek sosial, lingkungan, dan spiritual masing-masing 40% kasus. Sedangkan aspek yang menyebabkan nilai kualitas hidup baik adalah aspek fisik dan psikologis masing-masing sebesar 80% kasus. Kesimpulan: Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup ibu hamil dengan HIV. Diantaranya tingkat pendidikan, tingkat penghasilan, keterbukaan tentang status HIV, dukungan keluarga, kepatuhan melakukan pengobatan, mekanisme koping individu, dan beratnya gejala HIV. Sangat penting untuk melakukan kajian setiap ibu hamil dengan infeksi HIV/AIDS sebagai bagian integral dengan asuhan antenatal.
Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, HIV, kualitas hidup
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma in Young Women
Authors: Caesar Muhammad Wijaya  , Antonius Puja Agung , Syamel Muhammad  , Anugrah Mutia Paramadita
Published: January 2025

Introduction : Endometrial carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor that forms in the uterus's inner lining, or endometrium. The average age at diagnosis is 61 years, with cases diagnosed after 50 years more than 90%. Endometrial carcinoma is rare in young women, usually defined as occurring under age 50 or menopause, with rare cases occurring under age 40.
Case Report : A 35-year-old woman nulliparous complaints of abdominal pain since 3 months ago and complained of weight loss. Based on the anamnesis, the patient is not married. On physical examination, revealed an area of firmness in the suprapubic region associated with pain on palpation. On ultrasound examination, the uterus was found to be anteflexed, with an inhomogeneous appearance, and a solid cystic mass along the uterus. Adnexa measuring 10.02 x 10.20 x 12.02 cm, vascular scale 4, not clearly defined. The patient was diagnosed with suspected uterine corpus carcinoma.
Result : In this patient, a total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed because the patient did not want fertility.
Conclussion : In young women who want to preserve fertility, conservative management is often implemented. But, when fertility-sparing treatment is not considered, the rate of recurrence and progression is considerably low in this case. Ultimately, although fertility-sparing treatments are an attractive alternative to surgery resulting in permanent loss of fertility, unfortunately, they can only be applied in a subset of cases. The standard surgical procedure recommended is a total extra-fascial hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Keywords: Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma, Young Women
The relationship between colon cancer and immune system: a fractional order modelling approach
Authors: Yavuz Mehmet , Özdemir Feyza Nur , Akyüz Kübra , Bayraktar Naime Büşra
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a new fractional-order differential equation system is developed for colon cancer to address the detailed analysis. In the model, the interaction between tumor cells, macrophage cells, dendritic cells and CD4+ T helper cells is established using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In addition, mathematical analyses such as positivity and boundedness are also carried out. Numerical results are obtained to observe the intercellular course of colon cancer and biological interpretations are also included.
PENYULUHAN PENTINGNYA VITAMIN D DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KEPADA PETUGAS PPSU DI KELURAHAN RAWA BUAYA, JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Wartono Magdalena , Mediana Dian , Samara Tjam Diana , Kosasih Adrianus
Published: January 2025

Penyakit kardiovaskular terutama stroke dan kedua penyakit jantung koroner merupakan 37% penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Diketahui bahwa vitamin D memiliki pengaruh protektif terhadap sistem kardiovaskular. Defisiensi vitamin D terjadi pada hampir seluruh populasi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Di Indonesia, defisiensi berhubungan dengan diet makanan sumber vitamin D yang kurang dan perilaku berpakaian tertutup. Minimnya paparan kulit terhadap sinar matahari menyebabkan penyerapan ultraviolet untuk mengubah vitamin D menjadi bentuk aktif akan berkurang. Petugas Penanganan Prasarana dan Sarana Umum (PPSU) di Jakarta yang bekerja hampir sepanjang hari di luar ruangan belum terjamin memiliki kadar vitamin D yang cukup. Tujuan PkM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya vitamin D dalam kaitannya untuk pencegahan penyakit jantung koroner. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan yang disajikan dalam bentuk power point dan dilanjutkan dengan tanya jawab. Peserta diberikan soal pre-test dan post-test guna mengukur keberhasilan penyuluhan. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini dilakukan kepada 80 orang petugas PPSU Kelurahan Rawa Buaya, Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat pada 18 Oktober 2024. Hasilnya didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai manfaat vitamin D dan pencegahan penyakit jantung koroner sebesar 17.67%. Kesimpulannya pengetahuan petugas PPSU Kelurahan Rawa Buaya akan manfaat vitamin D dan pencegahan penyakit jantung koroner telah meningkat.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN BANTUAN HIDUP DASAR PADA KASUS KEGAWATDARURATAN BAGI MASYARAKAT UMUM
Authors: Wratsangka Raditya , Krishna Murthi Aditya , Tungka Endrico Xavierees , Tjhin Purnamawati , Primaresti Arella Fina , Diwa Puti Maharan
Published: January 2025

Sudden cardiac arrest is one pf the leading causes of death that can be prevented through proper initial treatment. this study aims to improve the understanding and skills of the community, especially church officers, in providing Basic Life Support (BLS) through training held on September 14, 2024 at the Hall of the Maria Bunda Karmel Church, West Jakarta. This activity was attended by 70 participants and included materials on cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and handling other emergency cases. The methods used included pre-test and post test to evaluate the increase in participants knowledge. The results showed that after the training, there was a significant increase in knowledge regarding signs of cardiac arrest and first aid procedures, with 100% of respondents being able to identify and provide appropriate assistance. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of regular BLS training to improve community preparedness in dealing with emergency situations, which in turn can reduce morbidity and mortality due to cardiac arrest.
PENYULUHAN PENCEGAHAN HEMORRHOIDS PADA LANSIA
Authors: Krismanuel Hari , Tjhin Purnamawati , Supardjo Tjhang
Published: January 2025

Semakin meningkatnya usia harapan hidup manusia, menyebabkan semakin banyaknya golongan lansia di dalam masyarakat. Ketika usia individu semakin tua, mereka menghadapi berbagai tantangan kesehatan, dan satu masalah umum pada lansia adalah haemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids adalah pembesaran simtomatik dan perpindahan ke distal dari bantalan anus normal. Gejala paling sering dari hemorrhoids adalah perdarahan rectum yang berhubungan dengan pergerakan usus. Insidens hemorrhoids yang memerlukan hemorrhoidectomy di antara para lansia meningkat. Ini menunjukkan kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman terhadap penyebab meningkatnya hemorrhoids pada para lansia dan tindakan pencegahannya. Karenanya diperlukan upaya-upaya untuk mengatasi kesenjangan pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang terkait dengan hemorrhoids melalui penyuluhan untuk pencegahan dan penanganan yang efektif. Tujuan PkM ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat di Kelurahan Krendang terhadap penyebab hemorrhoids pada para lansia untuk pencegahan dan penanganan yang efektif. Metode PkM ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan diikuti sesi tanya jawab. Hasilnya peserta yang hadir sebanyak 30 peserta (sesuai dengan rencana). Para lansia dengan antusias mengikuti penyuluhan dan mengajukan banyak pertanyaan pada saat sesi tanya jawab. Mereka puas dan dapat memahami materi penyuluhan dan penjelasan yang diberikan penyuluh. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah penyuluhan tentang Pencegahan Hemorrhoids pada lansia meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman peserta penyuluhan. Implikasi dari PkM ini para lansia dapat mendeteksi dini gejala dan tanda hemorrhoids, dapat melakukan pencegahan terhadap terjadinya hemorrhoids dan melakukan tindakan proaktif/ efektif.
DETECTION AND COUNSELING OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN GREEN MUSSEL PEELERS IN CILINCING, NORTH JAKARTA
Authors: Amalia Husnun , Hairunisa Nany , Mashabi Yasmine , Zaina Nashita Amira
Published: January 2025

Latar Belakang
Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dan masalah kesehatan mata masih menjadi sesuatu yang belum dapat diselesaikan arena sirtuasi geografis dan demografis. Terdapat 0,4% angka kebutaan pada penduduknya, dan 80% adalah kebutaan yang dapat dicegah atau diobati dan refraksi adalah menjadi penyebab utama (42%). Kelainan refraksi sampai saat ini masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat karena menjadi penyebab gangguan penglihatan yang paling besar dan mengenai seluruh kelompok usia dan percepatan terjadinya gangguan penglihatan pada berusia produktif akan merugikan perekonomian negara karena terganggunya sumber daya manusia. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Trisakti dan masyarakat dapat membantu berpartisipasi pada program ini dengan melaksanakan pengabdian skrining Kesehatan mata dan memberikan tatalaksananya agar mencegah kebutaan akibat kelainan refraksi khususnya.
Metode
Kegiatan pengabdian diikuti oleh 136 peserta, dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan Kesehatan mata termasuk pemeriksaan refraksi. Bagi peserta yang memerlukan kacamata dilakukan edukasi dan diberikan kacamata.
Hasil
Peserta berusia anatara 3 tahun sampai 71 tahun, dengan 83,1% adalah laki-laki dan 16,9% adalah perempuan dan Sebagian besar peserta tidak memiliki pekerjaan (41,9%). Sekitar 42,6% memiliki Riwayat pengguna kacamata namun yang membutuhkan kacamata adalah 52,2% peserta.
Kesimpulan
Pada 136 penduduk kurang mampu di Pondok Aren, 57,4% memerlukan kacamata untuk memperbaiki penglihatannya.
Tuberculous spine infection and metal instrumentation
Authors: Ghate Uday Vilas , Patil Pradip , Jain Umesh Dhanraj , Lad Salim , Gowaikar Amol , Deshmukh Suraj
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of tuberculous infection on metal implants in the spine. Spinal infections include a wide range of illnesses such as discitis, Vertebral osteomyelitis, and spinal epidural abscess. With more advanced surgical methods and diagnostic equipment becoming available, the treatment of spinal infections is changing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast is the ideal imaging test. Computed tomography-guided biopsy is necessary for choosing antibiotics. Patients with neurological deficit, marked spinal ligamentous instability due to infection, and those who have not improved without surgery are subjected to surgical debridement and metal instrumentation. The cornerstone of therapy is the use of anti-Koch’s drugs.

Materials and Methods

This study is described as a retrospective observational study. This means that it involves the analysis of data collected from past cases rather than a controlled experiment. It appears that the study aimed to analyse the outcomes and effectiveness of the treatment approach (posterior instrumentation and transpeduncular debridement) for spinal tuberculosis in these ten patients. If you have any specific questions or need more information about this study, please feel free to ask.

Results

We found that despite having active infection on surgical time in case of tubercular mycobacterium no significant complication regarding implants such as implant loosening, breakage, worsening of symptoms after instrumentation, surgical site infection and re-surgery were noted.

Conclusion

A wide range of illnesses, including discitis, Vertebral osteomyelitis, and sub epidural abscess, are classified as spine infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of pyogenic spine infection, whereas Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most frequent cause of granulomatous infectious disease. The optimum surgical strategy depends on the site, the degree of the infection, and the degree of spine instability.
Polatlı Bölgesı̇nde Yüzeylenen Paleojen Yaşlı Volkanı̇k Kayaçlarda Gözlenen Analsı̇mlerin Kökeni (Orta Anadolu, Ankara, Türkı̇ye) / Origin of Analcimes Observed in Paleogene Volcanic Rocks Outcropping in Polatli (Central Anatolia, Ankara, Turkey)
Authors: Külahcı Güllü Deniz , Varol Muratçay Elif , Temel Abidin
Published: January 2025

Polatlı bölgesindeki Paleojen (Eosen?) yaşlı olan, dom ve dayklar şeklinde yüzeylenen volkanik kayaçlar üzerinde yapılan mineralojik (mikroskopi, mikroprop, SEM, XRD, DTA-TG) ve jeokimyasal incelemeler, bu kayaçlarda bulunan analsim minerallerinin oluşum mekanizmasını ortaya koymuştur. İncelenen bazik karakterdeki bu kayaçlar içerisinde bulunan analsim mineralleri klinopiroksen ve feldispatlarla birlikte gözlenmiştir. Mineralojik incelemelerde analsim dışında sulu minerallerin eksikliği ve XRD, DTA-TG, mikroprop analizleri ve optik mikroskop gözlemleriyle ortaya konulan kalıntı lösit varlığı, analsimlerin lösitlerden iyon değişimi yoluyla oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Analsimlerin SEM görüntülerindeki pürüzlü, düzensiz, çatlaklı ve mikro gözenekli yüzeylere sahip olması da bu dönüşümün bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, jeokimyasal analizler, bölgedeki volkanik kayaçların ilk oluşumları anında ultrapotasik karakterde olduğunu, silikaca doygun olmayan yüksek K2O içeriklerinin lösit minerallerini oluşturmak için elverişli olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu bulgular, Polatlı bölgesindeki volkanik kayaçların, Neotetisin kuzey kolunun kapanmasını takip eden çarpışma ve sonrası dönemindeki kıtasal riftleşme ve gerilme rejimi ile ilişkili volkanik aktiviteler sonucunda oluştuğunu işaret etmektedir. Gerçekleşen bu dalma-batma sürecinde mantoya eklenen yüksek K içeriğine sahip kıtasal bileşenlerin kısmi ergimesi ile K’ca zenginleşen ve homojen olmayan manto kaynağından, ilk aşamada ultrapotasik özellik taşıyan ve sınırlı alanda yüzeylenen Polatlı volkanik kayaçları oluşmuştur. Bu çalışma ile ise, bahsi geçen volkanik kayaçlarda gözlenen analsim minerallerinin, magmatik süreçlerin erken evrelerinde birincil olarak kristalleşen lösitlerden, postmagmatik süreçlerle iyon değişimi yoluyla oluştuğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Morphological markers of basic pathogenic variants of ischemic strokes in cerebral atherosclerosis
Authors: Anufriev Pavel L. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Gulevskaya Tat'yana S. , Evdokimenko Anna N.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Pathomorphological studies allow verifying clinical data concerning diagnostic features and predictors of ischemic strokes. Small number and inconsistency of such works have determined the objective of this study: to refine morphological markers of basic pathogenic of ischemic strokes in cerebral atherosclerosis.
Materials and methods. We conducted pathomorphological study of 114 cases of ischemic stroke, as well as histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examinations of 20 carotid atherosclerotic plaques (ASB) removed in carotid endarterectomy.
Results. In most cases, morphological markers of strokes in cerebral atherosclerosis were particular degrees of isolated (70%) or tandem (50%) atherostenosis, as well as one or more small or medium-size infarctions in the areas of adjacent blood supply or deep regions of the brain hemispheres, cerebellum and brainstem. In occlusive atherothrombosis and arterio-arterial embolism, 98% of strokes were characterized by the development of large or medium cortical-subcortical infarction in certain vascular regions, and the presence of atherothrombotic occlusion or complicated ASB in combination with distal embolic occlusion on the side of an ischemic lesion. High frequency of the occurrence of ASB with unstable structure complicated by thrombosis, and combination of every second major recent infarction caused by thrombosis with silent small organized ischemic foci in the same blood pool as a result of stenosis were established. Significant direct relationship was found between expression of von Willebrand factor and morphological signs of carotid atherosclerosis activity (p0.017), whereas the degree of expression of other endothelial substances did not correlate with structural changes in ASB.
Conclusions. We showed potentiality for differential diagnosis of various pathogenic variants of strokes associated with atherosclerotic narrowing and complicated pathology of cerebral arteries, as well as the role of silent infarctions, unstable ASB and von Willebrand endothelial factor as predictors of cerebral atherosclerosis complications.
Evaluation of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Krasakov Igor V. , Litvinenko Igor V. , Rodionov Gennadiy G. , Shantyr Igor I. , Svetkina Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2025

The paper presents preliminary results of a comparative study assessing the gut microbiota in patients with Parkinson's disease and the control group using the gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Sixteen patients with stage 3 Parkinson's disease and 94 age-matched persons without Parkinson's disease were examined. It was revealed that the total number of microbial markers in parietal intestinal microbiota in patients with Parkinson's disease was increased by 43% compared with the control group. This increase is due to a 2-fold increase in the number of conditional-pathogenic flora, and at the same time there was a 2-fold decrease in the number of microbial markers of useful microflora. The obtained results may be regarded as preliminary and need to be assessed in a large cohort of patients with Parkinsons disease. It is also necessary to assess the relationship between immune status and changes in microbiota, and to develop methods of correction of the revealed changes. Analysis of the efficiency of restoration of qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota should be carried out using methods for the assessment of bioequivalence levodopa dose.
The sigma1 receptor agonist enhances long-term depression caused by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Rogozin Pavel D. , Solntseva Elena I. , Skrebitsky Vladimir G.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Metabotropic glutamate receptors of group 1 (mGluR1/5) are an important component of the hippocampal inhibitory system. Disturbances of their work lead to manifestation of various pathologies of the nervous system. The search for effective ways of regulating the work of mGluR1/5 is an urgent problem of neuropharmacology. In the present study, we assessed for the first time the possibility of modulating mGluR1/5 by activation of sigma1 receptors (Sig1-R), chaperone proteins capable of directly to directly interact with other proteins and to enhance their activity.
Objective. To study the effect of a specific Sig1-R agonist, PRE-084, on long-term depression of glutamate inputs in the hippocampus caused by activation of mGluR1/5.
Materials and methods. On slices of the hippocampus of rat brain in the CA1 region, population spikes (PS) caused by stimulation of Shaffer collaterals were registered. Activation of mGluR1/5 was induced by the application of 50 M of specific agonist of these receptors, dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), for 10 min. Activation of Sig1-R was induced by the application of 10 M of specific agonist PRE-084 for 20 min.
Results. A short-term incubation of a rat hippocampal slice in a solution containing DHPG, caused a long-term depression of PS, so that within 30 min after the slice was washed away from the preparation, its amplitude was 60.014.4% of the control value (n=5). In the second series of experiments DHPG was applied against the background of the agonist Sig1-R PRE-084. PRE-084 was found to cause an increase in the inhibitory aftereffect of DHPG, so that the amplitude of the PS measured after 30 min after removal of the preparations from the surrounding solution was 16.01.7% (р0.05).
Conclusion. It was shown for the first time that activation of Sig1-R enhances the functional activity of mGluR1/5.
Structural and functional basis of chronic disorders of consciousness
Authors: Piradov Mikhail A. , Suponeva Natalya A. , Sergeev Dmitry V. , Chervyakov Alexander V. , Ryabinkina Yulia V. , Sinitsyn Dmitry O. , Poydasheva Alexandra G. , Kremneva Elena I. , Morozova Sofia N. , Yazeva Elizaveta G. , Legostaeva Liudmila A.
Published: January 2025

The problem of chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains challenging due to increasing number of these patients and limited therapeutic options. Novel diagnostic approaches provided us with valuable insights into the mechanisms of DOC, such as structural and/or functional disconnection of elements of brain networks that are essential for information processing. Depending on the modality of the study, it may be represented as low-frequency EEG patterns, global or more localized decrease of cortical metabolism on PET scanning, abnormal connectivity structural or functional MRI, or low-differentiated/disintegrated TMSEEG responses. Deeper knowledge of nature of abnormalities underlying chronic DOC may improve accuracy of diagnosis and efficacy of treatment interventions, as well as bring us somewhat closer to the understanding the phenomenon of consciousness.
Epilepsy and sleep
Authors: Broutian Amayak G. , Belyakova-Bodina Alexandra I.
Published: January 2025

This review focuses on the interrelation between clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of various epilepsy forms and level of wakefulness or sleep. In case of some epileptic syndromes seizures occur predominantly or solely in sleep. Epilepsy can modify normal sleep patterns; on the other hand, sleep influences interictal epileptiform discharges, increasing their number and changing their morphology and spreading depending on sleep stage. Although interictal discharges in focal epilepsy are more common in sleep than in wakefulness, discharge distribution in generalized epilepsy is more variable. For some epileptic syndromes there is a strong correlation between time of onset, frequency, severity of attacks and stage of sleep cycle or wakefulness. Further research in this area can shed light not only on mechanisms of epileptic networks functioning, but also on the sleep-wake cycle regulatory systems.
Modern aspects of surgical neuromodulation
Authors: Gushcha Artyom O. , Tyurnikov Vladimir M. , Kashcheev Aleksey A.
Published: January 2025

The review focuses on modern application of surgical neuromodulation method for different diseases and pathological conditions. The method, initially designed and applied for deep brain stimulation, is now widely used in many fields of clinical medicine, and the effect is exerted not only by electrical stimuli. The main criterion to classify method as a variant of neuromodulation is the presence of implantable device, which allows minimizing the action of electric, magnetic, ultrasound impulses or pharmacological compounds, with a decrease in the incidence of adverse effects and the precision of modulation parameters. International experience of neuromodulation in the treatment of extrapyramidal hyperkinesias, drug-resistant epilepsy and drug-resistant pain syndromes of different origin is analyzed, and that results are compared with the data obtained by the neurosurgical team from Research Center of Neurology. Several unique authors inventions allowed improving the precision of electrode positioning for deep brain stimulation (microelectrode registration) and for chronic epidural stimulation in spastic syndromes.
Intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke: clinical predictors of efficacy and safety
Authors: Domashenko Maksim A. , Maksimova Marina Yu. , Tanashyan Marine M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the gold standard of reperfusion therapy, having the maximum level of evidence in European and North American guidelines for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS).Objective: to determine factors of individual efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis in patients with IS aiming to establish personalized approach to its optimization.Materials and methods. The study included 396 patients with IS, of whom 196 patients underwent systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and 200 patients formed the control group. A prospective non-randomized study was conducted in parallel groups to estimate efficacy and safety of systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The primary endpoint of the study was functional independence of patients measured with a modified Rankin scale 3 months after the stroke.
Results. We confirmed improvement of the functional outcome in patients with IS who underwent systemic thrombolysis. We also showed no effect of thrombolytic therapy on the mortality rates. Decreased wakefulness, presence of aphasia, hemiplegia, congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, postinfarction cardiosclerosis were shown to be clinical factors associated with an unfavorable prognosis of the disease after systemic thrombolysis. We found higher likelihood of death in patients with decreased level of consciousness (OR 3.1 (1.18.8); p=0.03), as well as with paresis (OR 6.8 (2.220.9); p0.001), hemiplegia (OR 6.5 (2.021.4); p=0.002), and chronic heart failure (OR 2.4 (1.15.3); p=0.03).
Conclusion. Adequate analysis of neurological symptoms and clinical and anamnestic data upon admission of a patient with IS allows to predict the effectiveness of thrombolysis and may be important in treatment planning and in choosing reperfusion methods.
Myotonic dystrophy: genetics and clinical polymorphism
Authors: Ivanova Ekaterina O. , Moskalenko Anna N. , Fedotova Ekaterina Yu. , Kurbatov Sergey A. , Illarioshkin Sergey N.
Published: January 2025

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common form of hereditary progressive muscular dystrophy in adults. The disorder is characterized by progressive course, autosomaldominant inheritance and multisystem involvement (skeletal muscles, myocardium, endocrine system, eyes, etc.). The paper highlights a huge heterogeneity ofclinical manifestations of myotonic type 1 and type 2, and reviews genetic aspects and current approaches to the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy. We present ourown clinical observation of myotonic dystrophy in a family, which demonstrates a rare combination of a classical form of myotonic dystrophy type 1, syringomyeliaand proximal muscle weakness, and provides an classical example of the phenomenon of anticipation.
Integrative functions of the retrosplenial cortex in rats: anatomy, connectomics, and cellular electrophysiology
Authors: Mineeva Olga A. , Bezryadnov Dmitrii V. , Chekhov Sergey A. , Svarnik Оlga E. , Anokhin Konstantin V.
Published: January 2025

Current review is focused on the integrative functions of the retrosplenial cortex, which neurons are largely involved in spatial orientation and ambulation of an organism. We discuss anatomy and connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex in rats as well as the most recent findings concerning the behavioral specialization of its neurons observed using multielectrode recordings. Pattern of connections of the retrosplenial cortex allows to consider its interfacing role in linking brain regions specifically involved in spatial navigation and memory with areas of the associative cortex which lack spatial tuning. In this paper, we touch upon that unique anatomical connectivity which is reflected in the peculiar behavioral specialization of the retrosplenial cortex neurons. Complex spatial tuning of retrosplenial neurons is likely to represent the association of spatial and nonspatial information, and provides a clue to principles of information integration in the cerebral cortex.
Current view on phenotypic and genetic features of autosomal recessive inherited peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Murtazina Aysylu F. , Shchagina Olga A. , Nikitin Sergey S. , Dadali Elena L. , Polyakov Alexander V.
Published: January 2025

Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a heterogeneous group of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), hereditary motor neuropathies, and hereditary sensory neuropathies. IPNs can be inherited in autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked manner. In clinical practice, isolated cases are more common, and the absence of genealogical data significantly complicates differential diagnosis. About 45% of HMSN cases lack genetic confirmation.
For a number of autosomal recessive IPNs, peculiar clinical, electrophysiological and histological features can be distinguished, however, recent publications show IPNs often to have pronounced clinical and genetic heterogeneity. That complicates the differential diagnosis of hereditary neuropathies. Prevalence of autosomal recessive pathology increases in remote populations and isolates due to a local founder effects. As the literature review showed, there are many such examples among autosomal recessive IPNs. Detection of the founder effect and major mutations in the population and development of diagnostic algorithms based on these data can significantly improve the diagnostic process.
Difficulties of clinical diagnosis in primary progressive aphasia. Clinical observation
Authors: Barantsevich Yevgeniy P. , Koval’chuk Yuri P. , Mel’nik Yekaterina V. , Emanuel’ Vladimir S. , Emanuel’ Yulia V.
Published: January 2025

Primary progressive aphasia is a syndrome characterized by progressive speech dysfunction. There are three types of this condition. The first agrammatic type of primary progressive aphasia is typical for frontotemporal dementia and characterized by progressive worsening of speech during several years without other neurological symptoms. For this type, alexia is typical (can be present before the onset of other clinical symptoms) along with agraphia and oral apraxia.
Second type of primary progressive aphasia, semantic aphasia, may also be present in frontotemporal dementia.
The third type of primary progressive aphasia is a logopenic variant which is a manifestation of the atypical variant of Alzheimers disease. In this type, the speech disorders are prevailing over the mnestic manifestations. Differential diagnosis in that case is difficult given lack of specific markers in patients with Alzheimers disease.
As a clinical illustration, we present a case of a 50-year-old patient. She has been considering herself ill from the age of 45 years, when her speech impairment emerged and started to progress; she also started to experience difficulties in recalling and correct pronunciation of the words. No significant pathologies in internal organs were identified. Her neurological examination showed pyramidal insufficiency more on the right, slight muscle rigidity in the limbs, acheirokinesis, and mild ataxia. Examination of patients higher cerebral functions showed mixed aphasia (amnestic and motor), frequent agrammatisms, paraphasias, anomias, apraxia more in the left arm, simultaneous agnosia, partial hemispatial neglect of the left side, alexia, agraphia, acalculia, and finger agnosia. Frontal Assessment Battery test score was 8 and Mini Mental State Examination score was 16. Vascular, infectious, metabolic, autoimmune, tumorous, and iatrogenic causes of dementia have been ruled out. Speech disturbances were typical for agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia, but didnt contradict with logopenic type of Alzheimers disease. The PET scan showed no hemispheric asymmetry. We suggested that the most probable diagnosis could be primary progressive aphasia, which can be a manifestation of both frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimers disease. Moreover, the differential diagnosis based on clinical manifestations only, without specific PET investigation or specific CSF study is rather difficult.
Interhemispheric asymmetry of the cerebral amino acid pool in rat with subtotal cerebral ischaemia
Authors: Razvodovsky Yury E. , Smirnov Vitaliy Yu. , Troyan Elina I. , Maksimovich Natalia E.
Published: January 2025

The pathogenetic mechanisms of ischaemic stroke are complex and have not been fully studied, including the role of interhemispheric asymmetry in the brains biochemical organization.
Study objective. To study the levels of free amino acids (AA) and their derivatives in the cerebral cortex of rats with subtotal cerebral ischaemia.
Materials and methods. Subtotal cerebral ischaemia was modelled in 6 rats in the experimental group by ligation of both carotid arteries for 2 hours. Six rats with sham surgeries served as the control. The levels of AA and their derivatives was analysed in perchlorate tissue extract using reversed-phase chromatography.
Results. Subtotal cerebral ischaemia was accompanied by changes in the AA pool, with differences found between the cortex of the left and right hemispheres. Glutamate, threonine, taurine, tyrosine, tryptophan and -aminoadipic acid levels decreased in the left frontal lobe cortex, and ornithine levels increased. Asparagine, serine and phenylalanine levels decreased in the right frontal lobe cortex.
Conclusion. The nature of changes in the AA levels in the left and right halves of the cerebral cortex indicates interhemispheric asymmetry of amino acid imbalance, which develops in cerebral ischaemia.
Experimental parkinsonism in modeling striatal astrocyte damage
Authors: Stavrovskaya Alla V. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Ol’shansky Artyem S. , Gushchina Anastasiya S. , Yamshchikova Nina G.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Astrocyte dysfunction is typical for many CNS pathologies, yet few experimental models of selective astrocyte damage, which would enable a fuller understanding of the role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, exist.
Study aim to characterize the morphological brain changes with the administration of -aminoadipic acid (L-AA), a glial toxin, into the rat striatum and to assess the effect of astrocyte dysfunction on motor activity in animals.
Materials and methods. Astrocyte damage was achieved by administering L-AA (100 g in 5 l) into the rats right striatum; the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the left hemisphere as a control. On the third day after L-AA administration, motor impairment was assessed with normal and reduced dopaminergic neurotransmission; the latter was achieved with administration of the -methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. The immunohistochemical studies included assays for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), and tyrosine hydroxylase.
Results. When dopamine synthesis was inhibited, damage to the striatal astrocytes, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, caused a reduction in motor activity in the open field test and an increase in the number of errors in the beam walking test. When dopaminergic transmission was reduced through the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by -methyl-p-tyrosine, the motor disturbances caused by astrocyte damage sustained and worsened.
Conclusion. The obtained data indicate the regulatory role of astroglia in the nigrostriatal system and emphasize the possible contribution of glial dysfunction to the motor disturbances in Parkinsons disease.
Analysis of pregnancy and childbirth in women with multiple sclerosis: a prospective study
Authors: Murashko Andrey V. , Muravin Aleksander I. , Popova Ekaterina V. , Ryabov Sergey A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Family planning for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) raises many questions and requires an integrated approach from neurologists and obstetrician-gynaecologists.
The study aimed to define possible features of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with MS.
Materials and methods. 204 patients with definite moderate MS, who were planning a pregnancy and taking First-LineDisease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) before pregnancy. First group included 94 patients with pregnancies; the second group consisted of 110 patients, who failed to conceive within a stated period of time; in the third group there were 50 healthy women with normal pregnancies. Probability of developing pregnancy complications, time and method of delivery, anaesthetic procedures, weight, and height of newborns were assessed, while in the groups of patients with MS the risk of exacerbations and severity of the complications were evaluated.
Results and discussion. In the first group, there were more frequent threats of miscarriage and preterm birth, which might have taken place due to a complex of factors (cancellation of DMTs, use of hormonal therapy for exacerbations during pregnancy). The high frequency of caesarean section in the first group was associated with the unreasonable alertness of obstetrician-gynaecologists and the fear of the patients that the course of MS would worsen. Frequent exacerbations during pregnancy were associated with the abolition of DMTs before pregnancy and the failure of physiological immunosuppression during pregnancy.
Conclusion. In Russia, there is no single protocol for managing patients with MS during the period of family planning, pregnancy, and the postpartum period, which causes certain difficulties. There is emerging evidence that certain DMTs can be prescribed during pregnancy and lactation, which will help minimize the risks of exacerbations and disability increase.
GNE myopathy (Nonaka myopathy)
Authors: Rudenskaya Galina E. , Chukhrova Alena L. , Ryzhkova Oksana P.
Published: January 2025

GNE myopathy (Nonaka myopathy) is a rare recessive muscular dystrophy associated with the GNE gene, which is involved in sialic acid synthesis. Typical onset is in the third decade of life with distal weakness of the arms and legs, gradually progressing to the proximal muscles, along with severe generalized myopathy and loss of ambulation usually occurring 1020 years after disease onset. Exomе sequencing methods have greatly increased the possibility of diagnosis of this and other rare hereditary diseases. A case of GNE myopathy with onset at 26 years of age and a prolonged search for a diagnosis, which was finally made after 12 years, is presented. Whole exome sequencing with subsequent Sanger sequencing verification found compound heterozygosity of the GNE mutations not previously described: с.787delA (p.Met263CysfsTer4) and c.2005GT (p.Ala669Ser). Differential diagnosis and a literature review are presented.