bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue assessment of welded joints using multiaxial fatigue space theory with nominal stress approach
Authors: Lu Chun , Mo Jiliang , Liang Hongqin
Published: November 2020

Welded joints are widely employed in engineering field and they are
always the starting points of fatigue damage. Because of the unfavorable
material and geometry characters, as well as initial welding defects,
the fatigue damage evaluation of welded joints is an important and
troublesome issue for engineers. In this article, multiaxial fatigue
space theory proposed by the first author for smooth specimens is
extended for the fatigue damage assessment of welded joints, by adopting
nominal stress approach. The fatigue test data with different materials,
loading paths, and welded joints geometries are used to validate the
capability of this theory. The result indicates a strong parallelization
between predicted life and experimental life, with a favorable
prediction error and beneficial error distribution. It can be concluded
that multiaxial fatigue space theory is a useful method for fatigue
damage assessment of welded joints with the help of nominal stress
approach.
Multi-objective fitting of concentration–discharge relationships (loads and concentrations)
Authors: Neira Jose Manuel Tunqui , Andréassian Vazken , Tallec Gaëlle , Mouchel Jean-Marie
Published: November 2020

Concentration–discharge (C–Q) relationships are widely used to assess
the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at catchment
scale. They can be fitted to represent either concentrations or
discharge-weighted concentrations (i.e., load). In this technical note,
we test a multi-objective calibration using both concentration and load,
and compare it to a mono-objective calibration applied on either
concentrations or load: although widely used in hydrological modeling,
multi-objective calibrations are rarely applied to fit C–Q
relationships. The multi-objective calibration yielded parameters which
were more representative of the concentration behavior during the rarest
high-flow events, avoiding issues of under-representation of
high-discharge, low-concentration periods. In this technical note, we
use the multi-objective calibration on a high-frequency dataset acquired
on the ORACLE-Orgeval Observatory (France).
Taxonomical evaluation of plant genetic markers by Bayesian Classifier
Authors: Matiz Luisa , Reyes Alejandro , Anzola Juan Manuel
Published: November 2020

DNA barcodes are standardized sequences that range between 400-800 bp,
vary at different taxonomic levels, and make it possible to identify
individuals of species that have been previously assigned taxonomically.
Several barcodes have been identified in different groups in the tree of
life. However, there are groups that lack an accurate DNA marker, and
even more so, accurate strategies that enable verification of their
taxonomic affiliation. Several DNA barcodes have been postulated for
plants, nonetheless, their classification potential has not been
evaluated for metabarcoding, and as a result, it would appear as no one
of them excels above the others in this area. One tool that has recently
gained traction is Naïve Bayesian Classifiers; this type of classifier
is based on the independence of attributes and the allocation of
categories in each context. The present study aims at evaluating the
classification power of several plant genetic markers that have been
proposed as barcodes (trnL, rpoB, rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH and
psbK) using a Naïve Bayesian Classifier, in order to determine
the markers with higher performance at different taxonomic levels for
metabarcoding analysis and to identify problematic genera at the time of
species assignment. We propose matK and trnL as potential
candidates up to the genus assignment. Some problematic genera
(Aegilops, Gueldenstaedtia, Helianthus, Oryza, Shorea,
Thysananthus and Triticum) within certain families in a sample
could lead to misclassification no matter which marker is used. Finally,
we propose recommendations when performing taxonomic identification
analysis of plants in samples with multiple individuals.
Using data from over 72,000 individuals to model age-specific increase in service demand from the 2019 modification to NICE criteria for cochlear implantation.
Authors: Low Rob , Bhutta Mahmood
Published: November 2020

• The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has estimated
a 70% increase in demand resulting from the 2019 modification to
cochlear implant criteria • We modelled the projected increase using our
large database of pure tone audiometry results, and adjusted for frailty
as a marker of risk of general anaesthesia • Our results suggest an
overall 79% increase in demand, with most of this for adult
implantation, and in particular for those over the age of 65 • Our
findings are important for those planning delivery of cochlear implant
services
Migration and Loss of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) at Southern Slope of Mt. Slamet Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Pudji , Chasanah Titi
Published: November 2020

Phlegmariurus is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae
which is sensitive to climate change. In the past, there were four
species namely 1) Phlegmariurus phlegmaria, 2) P. nummulariifolius, 3)
P. carinatus, and 4) P. squarrosus found as epiphytic clubmosses on many
trees such as pines and Agathis on the southern slope of Mt. Slamet.
During 42 years there has been a significant loss of Phlegmariurus at
the slope which covers approximately 15,000 ha rain forest covering the
subdistrict of Cilongok in the west, Baturraden in the middle, and
Sumbang in the east. Some surveys that had been conducted from 1978 to
2020 showed that the presence frequency of the plant decreased. We
correlated the temperature increase data from NOAA and precipitaion data
from the local meteorology and geophysics data to the frequency of the
plants. Furthermore, we also interviewed ten nurseries which sold the
Phlegmariurus of approximately 60 nurseries (Figure 6). The information
we gathered showed that the location of the plant sources was above the
previous locations. We also observed the cultivated Phlegmariurus at
different altitudes namely at 95-97 m, 300-400 m, and 600-800 m a.s.l.
The result of this study showed that in the past there were a lot of
Phlegmariurus spp. However, in 2020 Phlegmariurus were absent in most
areas at the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. We proposed three causes of
the migration and loss of Phlegmariurus at the southern part of Mt.
Slamet namely: 1) The increase of temperature, the decrease of
precipitation, and 3) commercial hunting.
THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CAREER IN EUROPE: A complete report on the EASA membership survey
Authors:   European Association of Social Anthropologists Association, Fotta Martin , Ivancheva Mariya , Pernes Raluca ,   PrecAnthro Collective
Published: November 2020

This report presents the results of the survey conducted among EASA members in 2018. The survey was a collaboration between EASA and the PrecAnthro Collective, whose members have worked together and mobilised since 2016 to raise awareness about the challenges of developing an academic career in anthropology. The themes explored in the survey reflect existing academic research on changes to the academic profession and the casualisation of labour in Europe and beyond. The survey enquired into the extent to which and how trends already documented in other disciplines, and in academia as a whole, affect anthropologists. These trends include a growing division between research and teaching, the deprofessionalisation of academic labour through multiple contract types, the imperatives of international mobility and cyclical fundraising, and weak labour unions. This report captures overall trends as well as regional differences in the anthropological profession in Europe.
Design of dual rotor axial flux permanent magnet generators with ferrite and rare-earth magnets
Authors: Faiz Jawad , Asefi Tohid , Khan Mohammad
Published: November 2020

This article addresses dual rotor axial flux Ferrite permanent magnet (PM)
generator, as an alternative to a surface mounted and spoke types Nd-Fe-B
generator which have concentrated windings. The performance parameters of
all generators, particularly the efficiency, are identical. The design
objective function is the generators mass minimization using a
population-based algorithm. To predict the performance of the generators a
finite element (FE) technique is applied. Besides, the aims of the design
include minimizing cogging torque, examining different rotor pole topologies
and different pole arc to pole pitch ratios. Three-dimensional FE technique
is employed. It is shown that the surface mounted Ferrite generator topology
cannot develop the rated torque and also has high torque ripple. In
addition, it is heavier than the spoke type generator. Furthermore, it is
indicated that the spoke type Ferrite PM generator has favorable performance
and could be an alternative to rare-earth PM generators, particularly in
wind energy applications. Finally, the performance of the designed
generators is experimentally verified.
Application of cluster analysis in the behaviour of traffic participants relating to the use of safety systems and mobile phones
Authors: Blagojevic Marija , Sosic Stefan
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a cluster analysis related to the behavior of traffic
participants in relation to the use of safety systems and mobile phones. The
data on traffic behavior were downloaded from an open data portal in Serbia.
Three types of cluster analysis have been applied: hierarchical clustering,
Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) clustering and model clustering. The
obtained results point to the various possibilities of using these three
clustering methods in the field of traffic and suggest further research.
The Middle East in the Second Wave of the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Bogacheva A. S. , Ibragimov I. E. , Kozhanov N. A. , Lazovskii S. O. , Samarskaia L. M. , Svistunova I. A. , Surkov N. Yu.
Published: November 2020

This article attempts to assess the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the situation both in the MENA region as a whole and in particular countries. Analysis of the dynamics of the main economic indicators showed that the region is undergoing a period of stagnation - a decrease in growth rates, a decline in business activity, and an increase in unemployment. At the same time, it should be noted that in most cases the pandemic did not generate, but only intensified the existing negative trends, which require structural transformations. Especially important is the fact that not only economically relatively weak states have suffered due to the pandemic, but also countries that traditionally rely on high revenues from hydrocarbon exports. The emerging crisis of the development model of the Persian Gulf countries is alarming. Another trend demonstrated by the second wave of the crisis was the rapid growth of political tensions in a number of countries, which could also lead to significant negative changes in the region.
Turbulence of the Modern World through the Prism of the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Gadzhiev K. S.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes some, in the opinion of the author, key factors that determine the nature and consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, which has a more or less significant effect on the turbulent state of the modern world, giving it special specificity, additional significance and irreversible character. Having analyzed a number of pandemic assessments and ideas popular in the scientific literature for the state and prospects of the modern world, it is concluded that with all the possible reservations in this matter, the coronavirus pandemic can be considered as one of the most important factors enhancing the significance of those tectonic shifts in the basic infrastructures of the modern world, which serve as the basis for a change in the liberal/ unipolar world order by a new type of world system. It is shown that the pandemic exposed those pain points that, by definition, are characteristic of transition periods or the so-called axial times. It is accompanied by an exacerbation of contradictions and conflicts between nations, hostility and demonization of the enemy and, accordingly, various forms of racism, xenophobia. Having critically analyzed the ideas about the revival of the positive role of the national state, the supposed end of globalization, the “post-coronavirus world”, the so-called “new normality”, etc., their author’s interpretation is given. Of course, a significant place is given to a comparative analysis of the issues concerning the forms and ways of solving the problems caused by the coronavirus pandemic by different countries.
Coronavirus in African: Social, Economic and Political Consequences
Authors: Abramova I. O.
Published: November 2020

The article offers an analysis of the current situation with the coronavirus in Africa. It reveals the specific features of the pandemic and the socio-political and economic consequences thereof. The author concludes that, taking exploiting the pandemic, the United States and its allies are like likely to attempt weakening the PRC’s position in Africa and preventing Russia from building up its influence. The latter, especially, in view of the success of the Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum held in October 2019, in Sochi. However, Washington’s grand plans on the African continent are seriously constrained by the fact that Africans have long asserted themselves as full-capacity subjects in international relations and refuse to be pawns in the intricate games between the United States, China and other players for world leadership. The coronavirus pandemic will undoubtedly change the position of the continent in the new “post-coronavirus” world, but these changes largely depend on how and with whose assistance Africans are to  overcome this serious test.

The paper contains the results of online opinion-polling of African experts conducted by the author of the article.

The author makes an attempt to explain the “Africa phenomenon” of the coronavirus pandemic, assesses the main risks of the spread of the epidemic and the possibilities of overcoming it. Special attention is paid to new opportunities for the development of the African economy in the “post-coronavirus world”, as well as the actions of the authorities to mitigate its socio-economic consequences.

The author arrives to the conclusion that African countries, while less affected by the pandemic than other regions of the world, are not satisfactorily ready to fight it. The pessimistic scenario of the spread of coronavirus infection in Africa cannot be completely ruled out, and the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic can become a very serious test for most countries of the continent. At the same time, a certain redistribution of the balance of power in the region should be expected. The nations that are able in a timely manner to offer Africa significant support in the fight against the pandemic will gain. The Russian Federation has a real chance to strengthen its positions on the continent, cooperation with which may increasingly become a priority for Moscow, given the changing model of world development.
European Right-Wing Centrism in the Face of the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Smirnov A. N.
Published: November 2020

The article examines the reaction of European right-centrist politicians to the threats associated with the spread of coronavirus infection. At the same time, the political context of the perception of the problem is analyzed, especially vividly expressed in approaches to understanding the current crisis and its consequences for the European integration project. The close relationship that exists between the actualization of the national-state identity of Europeans and the increasing requirements for their security is stated. According to leading representatives of the European People’s Party, today fear plays a more prominent role in politics, prevailing over other social emotions. In such conditions, the fundamental need for people to identify themselves as part of a larger community through language, religion or a common understanding of history becomes a critical political factor.

According to the author of the article, the viral danger acts as a factor of spontaneous exacerbation of contradictions between national sovereignty and loyalty to all-European structures. At the same time, the emergency actions of national governments forced to deal with the viral threat do not pose a direct threat to European institutions, but raise doubts about their effectiveness. The leadership of the European Union will have to find the right solutions and make extraordinary efforts to maintain a common integration vector with the increased relevance of national competencies.
India’s Economy under Pressure from COVID-19
Authors: Bragina E. A.
Published: November 2020

The article examines the negative changes in the Indian economy since the beginning of 2020 under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures to overcome them. The increase in the number of cases, the introduction of quarantine led to a rapid reduction in production, mass unemployment, and a decrease in the country’s GDP. In the current emergency conditions, it became an objective necessity to increase the impact on the situation of the nation state in various forms. It took dramatic changes in the economic policy of India of the previous period, when the position of private entrepreneurship was significantly strengthened, especially in industry and services. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the government of the country, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, to tackle the primary challenge - to keep the country from sliding into total prolonged stagnation and at the same time to support a multimillion poverty-stricken population. The main method of the government was the policy of financial saturation of the economy through direct financial injections, as well as the direct distribution of money and food in kind among the poor. The collapse of economic activity in India in the first half of 2020 was replaced in the third quarter of this year by signs of some economic recovery. For India, according to UNCTAD, in 2021, the opportunity to attract significant foreign investment from the leading countries of the world, interested in expanding their positions in its huge domestic market, is increasing. In the context of the pandemic, India’s role in revitalizing, at the initiative of N. Modi, political and economic contacts in South Asia between SAARC members became especially significant.
Estrategias familiares frente a la crisis de covid-19 en la ciudad de Santo Domingo – Ecuador: un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Pilaguano Almachi Fernanda , Quijano Mendoza Carlos , Troya Altamirano Carlos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias que las familias usan para enfrentar la crisis de la pandemia del covid-19 cuando tienen al menos un integrante con una enfermedad crónico degenerativa. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, dirigido a un universo infinito, con una muestra aleatoria. Se aplicó una encuesta en formato digital donde se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, estrategias familiares y se midió la el afrontamiento mediante la versión modificada de la escala francesa “Echèlle Toulousaine de Coping”. Los datos fueron procesados en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Se aplicaron medidas de estadística descriptiva, el test de chi cuadrado y el índice de correlación de Spearman.Resultados: Hubo 134 participantes. La edad promedio fue de 30 años. La mayoría fueron mujeres (n=86 (64.2%)). La mayoría de las familias no realizaron cambios orientados a la protección de las personas con enfermedades crónicas (asilamiento, cambio de domicilio). La respuesta individual de afrontamiento fue pasiva (n = 90, 67.2%). La estrategia más usada para la evaluación de salud fue “el uso de alternativas que evitaron el contacto con los profesionales” (n = 67, 50%). Menos del 10% de los participantes reportó que se haya abandonado el tratamiento (n = 6, 4.5%); y cerca de la quinta parte (n = 29, 21.6%) usó tratamientos de medicina alternativa para las enfermedades descritas. El tipo de afrontamiento (activo o pasivo) fue independiente del sexo, la edad, y el tipo de vivienda. Un afrontamiento pasivo estuvo relacionado con aquellos participantes que no estaban desempleados. No hubo correlación significativa entre la edad y el nivel de afrontamiento (Ro = 0.058). Conclusiones: Las estrategias individuales y familiares predominantes fueron de tipo pasivo. La disponibilidad de un empleo influyó en el afrontamiento pasivo. No existe relación directa entre el afrontamiento personal y las estrategias familiares.
Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat Karya Faisal Oddang
Authors: Sazari Ulfa , Hayati Yenni
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe (1) the forms of social conflict in the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang; (2) the causes of social conflict in the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang; (3) the impact of social conflict in the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang.This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data contained in this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that refer to social conflicts that occur in the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang. The data source of this research is the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang. The research instrument was the researcher himself with a tool in the form of a recording sheet to record matters relating to social conflicts contained in the Tiba Sebelum Berangkat’s novel by Faisal Oddang. Data collection techniques were carried out in several stages, namely (1) reading and understanding the novel that was the object of research; (2) marking the speeches of the characters and narrators in the novel in accordance with the data sought; (3) identifying data related to the research problem; (4) inventory data. The data validation technique used in this research is the triangulation technique. Data analysis technique is done by classifying data, interpreting data, and concluding research results.The results of the study found, namely: (1) the form of social conflict in the novel in the form of social conflict at the individual level, social conflict at the group or family level, and social conflict at the community level; (2) the causes of social conflict in the novel in the form of differences of opinion, differences in interests, and cultural conflicts; (3) the impact of social conflict in the novel in the form of inner destruction, loss of trust, and rift relations between individuals and groups.
Penanda Kohesi Gramatikal dalam Novel Anak Rantau Karya Ahmad Fuadi
Authors: Yuniar Intan , Juita Novia
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to described the markers of grammatical cohesion in Ahmad Fuadi's novel Anak Rantau and to explain the dominant markers of grammatical cohesion found in Ahmad Fuadi's novel Anak Rantau. This type of  research because the data is in the form of languange units (paragraphs, sentences, clauses, and phrases) which contain grammatical cohesion markers. The data source of this research is from the novel Anak Rantau by Ahmad Fuadi. Methods and technique the research data collection use the observation and note method and technique used, namely the tapping technique. The findings of this study are, first, the four markers of grammatical cohesion in Ahmad Fuadi's novel Anak Rantau by: (a) references or referred to as references are divided into three type, including:  personal pronouns, demonstrative references, and comparative references. (b) conjuction and liaison is divided into three types, namely:  liaison between clauses, liaison between sentences, and liaison between paragraphs. (c) substitution or what is commonly called restitution is divided into four types, nominal substitution, verbal substitution, fractal substitution, and clausal substitution. (d) ellipsis or impingement. Second, the dominant grammatical cohesion marker found in Ahmad Fuadi's novel Anak Rantau, namely the references contained in personal pronouns or what can be called a persona reference was found as many  as 1193 data. The author of the novel mostly uses personal pronouns, especially in the pronoun persona III (third) closely bound form, namely 797 data found and mostly refers  to the character Hepi and Lenon.
Profil Perempuan Urban dalam Novel Celebrity Wedding karya Alia Azalea
Authors: Anggraini Rani , Hasanuddin WS Hasanuddin WS
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the profile of urban women in the metropolitan novel Alia Azalea Celebrity Wedding based on basic attitudes (1) love, (2) beauty, (3) suffering, (4) justice, (5) view of life, (6) responsibility, (7) anxiety, (8) hope. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences which can be formulated as a profile of urban women. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are eight basic human attitudes towards female characters in the novel. Eight basic attitude patterns of love that are oriented towards the balance between love for family, fellow human beings and the opposite sex, beauty is oriented towards spiritual beauty, suffering is oriented towards suffering as a trial, justice is oriented towards honesty, view of life is oriented towards a view of life that comes from reflection, responsibility Responsibility is oriented towards self-responsibility, anxiety is oriented towards anxiety in the form of uncertainty, and expectations are oriented towards acceptance expectations in the family environment from Revel.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETECTING AND DIAGNOSTIC OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Chugaev Yu.P. , Kamayeva N.G. ,   Sverdlovsk Oblast Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Tsvetkov A.I. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, Kudlay D.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia, Cherniaev I.A. ,   Sverdlovsk Oblast Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Published: November 2020

Objective of the research: to assess the effect of recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA) in tuberculosis infection (TI) screening in children and adolescents on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis (TB) and to study the economic efficiency of using RTA in a large industrial region. Materials and methods: according to medical records, two periods were analyzed, 2011–2015 and 2016–2019, before and after the RTA screening introduction, respectively. Results: it was found that using RTA test in practice for the differential diagnosis of infectious and post-vaccination allergies led to an improvement in the epidemic situation among the child population and a significant economic effect – the savings during the year amounted to 12 385 407,84 rubles. RTA allows to reveal latent TI and develop scientific approaches to studying predictors of the clinically expressed TB, which is extremely important in modern conditions.
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT LESION WITH A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute for Children’s Infections of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Ermolenko K.D. , Gonchar N.V. ,   Scientific and Research Institute for Children’s Infections of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Skripchenko N.V. ,   Scientific and Research Institute for Children’s Infections of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

Objective of the research: to analyze clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 with a predominant lesion of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in children. It was revealed that incidence of this form of COVID-19 in children is underestimated. Based on the analysis of literature data and original clinical observations, the article describes current ideas about the frequency of detecting the form of COVID-19 with a predominant lesion of the GIT, its clinical and laboratory characteristics, the mechanisms of infectious process development in the digestive organs and approaches to rational laboratory diagnostics. The feasibility of PCR in feces in patients with suspected COVID-19 is confirmed. A description of a clinical case of COVID-19 severe form, which required differential diagnosis with acute bacterial gastroenterocolitis, is presented.
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN VACCINATED WITH 13-VALENT CONJUGATE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, Kostinov M.P. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Dzhumagaziev A.A. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Bezrukova D.A. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Raisky D.V. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Usaeva O.V. ,   Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia, Vlasenko A.E. ,   Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medicine, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia
Published: November 2020

Objective of the research: to determine IgG antibodies (AB) to S. pneumoniae serotypes in overweight children after administration of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and methods: blood serum of 17 children with excess BW (main group) and 40 children with normal BW (control group) aged 3 to 7 years, vaccinated with PCV13 were examined. The method of solid phase ELISA was used for determination of IgG AB levels to a mixture of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of pneumococcus contained in PCV13 and serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F S. pneumoniae, after 6 months after vaccination with PCV13. Results: all children had post-vaccination specific AB to pneumococcal serotypes in the value higher than the negative control. In the main group, the mean values of IgG AB to 5 of 13 S. pneumoniae serotypes 7F, 9V, 18C, 19A, 23F and to the mixture of CPS in the vaccine were higher than in the control group, as well as the proportion of children with high (more than 100 cu) levels of IgG AB to the mixture of PCV13 CPS and to the pneumococcal serotype 18C in comparison with the control. Further study of the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination in children with metabolic disorders is needed.
KAWASAKI DISEASE AND MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN WITH COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia, Bregel L.V. ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Kostik M.M. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Fell L.Z. ,   Oregon Board of Pharmacy, Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, USA, Efremova O.S. ,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, Soboleva M.K. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Krupskaya T.S. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia, Matyunova A.E. ,   Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Branch of the Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Irkutsk, Russia,   Irkutsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
Published: November 2020

During the COVD-19 pandemic, some pediatric patients in many countries around the world experienced a syndrome resembling a severe Kawasaki disease (KD), often accompanied by shock. Due to the incomplete signs of the classic KD in the era before the present pandemic, in many publications from European countries and the United States, this condition was called «multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children – MIS-C» or «hyperinflammatory shock» or «Kawasaki-like syndrome». This syndrome with a new coronavirus infection is characterized by refractory fever, frequent gastrointestinal symptoms, heart damage (including coronary dilation in some patients, and acute left ventricular failure in the majority), increased ESR and CRP levels, neutrophilia, extremely high troponin levels, increased ferritin, AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphate kinase, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, coagulopathy with an increase in D-dimer and fibrinogen, thrombocytopenia, sometimes procalcitonin increase. The manifestations of a cytokine storm may meet the criteria for secondary hemophagocytic syndrome. The mechanism of myocardial damage remains unclear. Treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin is effective, and in the presence of signs of hemophagocytic syndrome, dexamethasone or methylprednisolone. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis, resemblance and differences of this syndrome with classic KD, understanding of heart injuiry and early recognition for the need of urgent care.
THE GREAT CAMOUFLEUR: COVID-19 SKIN LESIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Korotkiy N.G. ,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Botkina A.S. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital with the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The review describes the pathogenesis of dermatological manifestations of a new multi-organ human disease COVID-19, classifications and clinical manifestations depending on the age and premorbid background of the patient. Often, the first manifestations of the disease are efflorescence, which occurs before the development of the main symptoms of a viral disease during active viremia, and, consequently, the patient's maximum risk to others. Therefore, knowledge of the first symptoms of the disease, the ability to see and correctly interpret dermatological changes is a prerequisite for competent epidemiological work to limit the spread of a potentially dangerous infection.
POSSIBILITIES OF BIOLOGICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE INFECTION CAUSED BY EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS
Authors:   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Perm Krai, Russia, Permyakova A.V. , Sazhin A.V. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, Perm, Perm Krai, Russia, Melekhina E.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The review presents the existing biological and mathematical models of the infection process caused by the Epstein–Barr virus. The existence of the Epstein–Barr virus in the host organism can be described by a model representing a cycle of six consecutive stages, each of them has its own independent variant of immune regulation. The phenomenon of virus excretion in biological fluids, in particular, in saliva, is modeled using differential equations. Usage of mathematical modeling allows us to supplement existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of the infectious process caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, as well as to determine threshold levels of virus isolation in non-sterile environments for the diagnosis of active forms of infection.
PLACE OF IGRA TESTS (TESTS FOR INTERFERON-GAMMA DETERMINATION) IN TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION DIAGNOSIS
Authors:   Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Izhevsk, Republic of Udmurtia, Russia, Russkikh O.E. , Kudlay D.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Russian Federal Biomedical Agency, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The review presents scientific data available to date on the concept of the emergence and spread of latent tuberculosis infection (TI) in the current tuberculosis epidemic situation in society. Information on modern immunological tests for TI diagnosis is presented and the significant role of IGRA tests in the diagnostic tactics of detecting latent TI in various population groups is determined.
CASE OF SARS-COV-2-ASSOCIATED MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN AN 8-YEAR-OLD CHILD
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Melekhina E.V. , Nikolaeva S.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Zybina T.Yu. ,   Khimki Central City Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia, Barykin V.I. ,   Khimki Central City Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia, Novikov D.V. ,   Khimki Central City Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia, Ponezheva J.B. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Mirzonov V.A. ,   Khimki Central City Clinical Hospital, Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia, Gorelov A.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

After the first wave of new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, when it became obvious that children carry COVID-19 in a milder form than adults, scientists and doctors around the world faced with a severe delayed form of the disease – SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS), characteristic for children and young adults under 21. In this publication authors present the first case of SARS-CoV-2-associated MIS of moderate severity in an 8-year-old girl diagnosed in Khimki Regional Hospital. Disease course had characteristic features, however, considering minimal data available at the time of the child's treatment in the hospital (May 2020) in the literature, and lack of clinical experience in diagnosing and treating such condition, the differential diagnosis was performed with acute respiratory disease, infectious mononucleosis and acute glomerulonephritis.
CLINICAL CASE OF FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA (GOLTZ SYNDROME)
Authors:   Department of Dermatovenereology, Shchava S.N. ,   Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology with the Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education of the Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Zayachnikova T.E. ,   Department of Dermatovenereology; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology with the Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education of the Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Serdjukova E.A. ,   Department of Dermatovenereology; Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology with the Institute of Continuing Medical and Pharmaceutical Education of the Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia, Shipovskova E.E. ,   Medical and Genetic Consultative Department with the Volgograd Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Volgograd, Russia, Selezneva N.S. ,   Department of Pathology of Newborns and Premature Babies No. 1 with the Clinical Hospital No. 5, Volgograd, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article presents a clinical case of a rare genetic disease in a newborn child – focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), or Goltz syndrome. This disease primarily affects females. The girl was born into a family with a 4-year-old healthy daughter. There were no genetic disorders or kinship in family history. The article reviews a variety of clinical manifestations of FDH including skin lesions, skeletal (syndactyly) and eye abnormalities (retinal and chorioids coloboma, dystrophy of the optic nerve). It also presents genetic and molecular testing findings.
LUNG TRANSPLANTATION IN AN ADOLESCENT WITH PULMONARY FIBROSIS AS A RESULT OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE (HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS)
Authors:   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Lev N.S. , Mizernitskiy Y.L. ,   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Shatokha P.A. ,   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Groznova O.S. ,   Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a large group of diseases with a severe course and, as a rule, an unfavorable prognosis, since irreversible pulmonary fibrosis forms in the outcome of most ILD. Among ILD in children and adolescents, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is of significant clinical importance. The clinical observation presented in the article demonstrates the first successful experience in our country (2018) of transplanting both lungs to an adolescent with pulmonary fibrosis resulting from the HP chronic course. Lung transplantation has become the only way to prolong the patient's life.
RARE CASE OF CONGENITAL PULMONARY VENOLOBAR SYNDROME COMBINED WITH INTRA-THORACIC HETEROTOPIC LIVER TISSUE
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute of Cardiology with the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Gulya M.O. , Varlamova Yu.V. ,   Scientific and Research Institute of Cardiology with the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Yanulevich O.S. ,   Scientific and Research Institute of Cardiology with the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, Ilyina N.A. ,   North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Zavadovsky K.V. ,   Scientific and Research Institute of Cardiology with the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
Published: November 2020

Congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome (CPVS) is one of the most rare and difficult to diagnose combination of vascular abnormalities, combining venous, arterial, pulmonary and cardiac pathology. About a quarter of patients with CPVS have concomitant congenital heart defects (coarctation of aorta, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defect). Other congenital abnormalities include bronchogenic cysts, horseshoe lung, additional diaphragm, and hernias. There are descriptions of isolated cases of this disease in the literature. The article represents an extremely rare case of CPVS associated with intra-thoracic heterotopic liver tissue in an 8-month-old boy.
NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19: FEATURES OF THE COURSE IN CHILDREN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Gorelov A.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Nikolaeva S.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Akimkin V.G. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Objective of the research: to determine clinical and epidemiological features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in the first half of 2020 in the Russian Federation was performed. Information about patients (age, sex, examination date, place of residence, disease severity final diagnosis, etc.) was taken from the database containing the Rospotrebnadzor report form № 970 «Information on cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection» January – June 2020 across the Russian Federation. Research results were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program. To assess the differences in nominal indicators (proportions), the Pearson χ2 test was used. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results: in the RF, the total number of children infected with COVID-19 in the first half of 2020 amounted to 8,4% among all patients with this infection. Children of all ages get sick with COVID-19, and boys are slightly more likely than girls (52,2% versus 47,8%, p>0,05). In children, the maximum number of cases is registered in family foci – 75%. Upper respiratory tract infections were diagnosed in 72,1% of patients. The proportion of pneumonia was 1,8%, and 2/3 of children were over 3 years old (p<0,001). In almost 1/3 of patients, the infection course had no clinical manifestations. 18,2% of children at the disease onset had increased body temperature, while only 3,5% of children had hyperthermia above 390 C. Cough was registered in 50,8% of cases. Rhinitis/rhinopharyngitis developed only in every 4th child. Symptoms pathognomonic for COVID-19, such as loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), were recorded only in 17% of cases. 41,3% of patients received treatment in a hospital, and among them children under 3 years of age predominated. Conclusion: in children in the RF, the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is generally favorable.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia, Gorelov A.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Nikolaeva S.V. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are still topical, holding the first place in the structure of infectious pediatric pathology. The most common causative agents of ARI are viruses. Currently, about 200 respiratory viruses are known, among which the most significant are influenza and parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses. Relatively recently, previously unknown serotypes of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, NL63 and HKU), bocaviruses and metapneumovirus were described, and at the end of 2019 a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was discovered, which causes COVID-19 infection. Pneumotropic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. contributed to the incidence of respiratory infections. Pertussis remains a serious infection for young children, which in recent years, despite the typical clinical picture, presents certain difficulties for diagnosis. The ability of ARI to provoke the development of secondary bacterial complications (bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia) often dictates the unjustified prescription of antibiotic therapy, which has led in recent years to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Thus, the relevance of ARI at the present stage is not in doubt, and the above problems dictate the need for an individual approach to each patient.