bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of ‘Migration Potential’ on the Economic and Demographic Development of Donor and Recipient Countries
Authors: Ledeneva V. Yu. , Rakhmonov A. Kh.
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of global migration exerts a substantial impact on nations, organizations, and individuals, yet the focus of scholarly discourse on the potential of migrants has historically not paralleled the magnitude of this phenomenon. This study brings into focus the often-neglected dual nature of immigrant potential, impacting both countries that receive migrants (recipient countries) and those from which migrants originate (donor countries). Prior research within the Russian context predominantly examined the potential of compatriots in post-independence neighboring countries or the potential related to internal migration and the redistribution of human and labor resources regionally. Prevailing perspectives have largely been confined to examining the migration potential of specific socio-demographic groups within defined territories, often characterized by distinct ethnic features. This research illuminates the dual aspect of external migrant potential. It elucidates how migrants contribute significantly to the development of host countries, while donor countries also reap considerable benefits from the migratory capabilities and engagements of their citizens in foreign employment.

The objective of this article is to augment theoretical paradigms in the study of "migration potential," conceptualizing it as an integrative system that combines quantitative and qualitative attributes of a highly mobile and motivated populace. The paper seeks to delineate the conceptual framework of migration potential, establish its structural composition, and elucidate the mechanisms and factors through which migrant potential influences the economic and demographic progress of both recipient and donor nations.

Findings: The study delineates the constituent components of the functional sub-potentials (subcomponents) within the broader construct of "migration potential," synthesizing these through a meticulous examination of extant Russian and international academic literature. Migration potential is approached as a variable that is both fluid and subject to modification. The research critically analyzes the multifaceted impacts – both advantageous and adverse – of migration on diverse sectors of life in donor and recipient countries. A case in point is the correlation between the educational potential and the intellectual prowess of highly skilled migrants, which significantly contributes to innovation within the host regions. Conversely, a deficiency in the integration potential of external migrants may precipitate xenophobic tendencies among native populations. From the perspective of donor countries, the influx of remittances stands out as a pivotal and transformative element within the broader context of global migration.
Soviet Diplomatic Efforts to Prevent Hungary’s Alignment with Germany in World War II (1939– 1941)
Authors: Pryakhin V. F.
Published: January 2024

The history of Soviet-Hungarian interactions from the establishment of diplomatic relations until Hungary joined World War II alongside the Axis powers offers valuable insights into the dynamics between small and great powers, as well as the efforts of small European states, particularly Hungary, to navigate their national interests in foreign policy amidst Nazi Germany's encroachments. This period was defined by two primary factors: the Hungarian political elite, led by Miklós Horthy, sought to join a quasi-"crusade" against Comintern Soviet Russia, while simultaneously striving to avoid deep involvement in major conflicts between the great powers. This dual approach aligned with the policies of Hitler's Western appeasers, who aimed to redirect German expansion eastward. In this geopolitical scenario, American and Western European actors (including Great Britain and France) were relegated to the role of observers, anticipating a prolonged conflict between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that would drain both. Hungary, as strategized by Budapest, hoped to secure a position among these observers, avoiding direct conflict participation, and to later engage in territorial reconfiguration post-World War II. However, the reality in Europe by the early 1940s diverged significantly, with Western powers (the USA and Great Britain) unable to redirect Hitler's global domination ambitions eastward. Facing an existential threat, these powers were compelled to enter the war. Against this backdrop, Soviet diplomacy endeavored to deter Hungary's alliance with Nazi Germany. Although ultimately unsuccessful, examining these diplomatic efforts offers valuable lessons in the context of the current evolution towards a multipolar world.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN AKURASI LABEL TRIASE INTRARUMAH SAKIT DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Sanjana I Wayan Edi , Widyandari Ni Made Ayu Sukma , Megayanti Sri Dewi , Agustini Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari
Published: January 2024

Emergency Department (ED) is the main gateway for patient care in hospitals. Health workers who meet the patient for the first time have the task of categorizing the patient's emergency condition known as triage. Triage has a different mechanism according to the conditions found. If the triage label given to the patient is not appropriate, it will result in a lack of optimal service in the ED. Health workers who perform triage should have knowledge in determining the accuracy of patient labelling. This study aims to summarize the factors related to the accuracy of triage labelling in Indonesia. This research is a literature review on several data bases including Science Direct, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Articles are searched with several keywords in Indonesian and English combined with Boolean. Article is selected according to the research objectives. The results showed a total of 1012 article from the three databases which were then selected 11 articles for analysis. Factors related to the accuracy of the triage label are classified into two, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include characteristics (age, work experience, emergency training experience), knowledge, attitudes, skills and motivation of health workers. External factors include overcrowded ED conditions, facilities and infrastructure, human resources, the flow of patients entering the ED. Knowledge is the most frequently found factor related to the accuracy of the patient's triage label. Continuous training is needed to increase knowledge of triage label accuracy.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN RESILIENSI LANSIA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Putra Gede Rionald Ariwahyu , Utami Putu Ayu Sani , Pramitaresthi I Gusti Ayu
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 pandemic is a vulnerable situation that may create a lot of problems and lead to the lower resilience level among elders. Vulnerability of elders to various problems such as anxiety and illness during pandemic causes elders need support from others. Family is the closest environment for elders during pandemic. Family is one of the important support sources for elder. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and elder resilience during Covid-19 pandemic. This study was a correlative descriptive study and used cross-sectional approach. Respondents of 33 people were obtained through purposive sampling technique. Data collection using family support questionnaire and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10 items. The data analysis used the Spearman Rank test. The study result showed correlation coefficient value = 0,776 and p-value = 0,000 (? = 0,05) which mean there were a strong positive correlation between family support and elder resilience during Covid-19 pandemic. Adequate interactions and providing daily needs for the elderly need to be carried out by the family, so that they always feel cared for and their resilience is maintained during the Covid-19 pandemic.
PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI AUTOGENIK TERHADAP SKALA NYERI PADA PASIEN POST SPINAL ANESTESI DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING
Authors: Azizah Aisyah Nur , Setyaki Nanda Arya
Published: January 2024

If pain management is not optimal, it has detrimental consequences, which can cause disorders in the endocrine, metabolic, immune, and other body systems with clinical manifestations in the form of fever, hypertension, etc. Post spinal anesthesia pain is defined as pain experienced after post anesthesia anesthesia. Pain conditions often occur in post-cesarean section patients. One therapy that can reduce pain in post-spinal anesthesia patients is the autogenic relaxation technique. Autogenic relaxation is relaxation that comes from oneself which can calm the mind. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation therapy on the pain scale in post spinal anesthesia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This research design uses a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-post test design with the Wilcoxon test. The sample in this study was post spinal anesthesia patients aged 20-60 years, a total of 51 respondents using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Numeric Rating Scale pain assessment sheet. The results obtained were the highest number of respondents based on the post spinal anesthesia pain scale before therapy, namely moderate pain of 47 respondents (92,2%) and severe pain of 4 respondents (7,8%), based on the post spinal anesthesia pain scale after therapy, namely mild pain of 12 respondents (23,5%), moderate pain was 35 respondents (68,6%), and severe pain was 4 respondents (7,8%). The results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test showed a p value of 0,001<0,05. The conclusion of this study is that there is significant influence between autogenic relaxation techniques on the pain levels of post-spinal anesthesia patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping.
Innovative development of single-industry towns: An overview of factors and support measures
Authors: NIKONOVA Mariya A. , AKINFEEVA Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the diversification of the economy of single-industry towns in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to assess the measures of State support aimed at realizing the innovative potential of single-industry towns. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article determines that the current area of diversification of the economy of single-industry towns is the development of industrial tourism while maintaining the sectoral orientation of systemic companies. Conclusions and Relevance. The volume of investments in the development of single-industry towns is insufficient, and many social problems have not been solved. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing programmes for the development of production in the context of international sanctions against Russia.
A cognitive analysis and scenario modeling of retail trade turnover in the Kemerovo Oblast – Kuzbass
Authors: KOZLOVA Ol'ga N. , MEKUSH Galina E. , SAKHABUTDINOVA Anna E.
Published: January 2024

Subject. This article discusses the issues of consumer market development.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the factors determining the volume and changes in retail trade turnover of the Kemerovo Oblast.
Methods. For the study, we used the economic and mathematical research methods.
Results. The article presents a cognitive model in the form of an oriented graph that helps assess the impact of various factors on the target indicator, namely retail turnover. It substantiates the expediency of using a cognitive modeling technology to study and forecast such macroeconomic indicators as the volume and changes in retail trade turnover.
Conclusions. The best scenario for the development of the consumer market of the Kemerovo Oblast assumes the impulse impact on trade turnover of such factors as unemployment, the number of people employed (primarily in the field of trade), the consumer price index, and the poverty rate.
An analysis of the sub-federal budget participation in the national development goals implementation: The Republic of Dagestan and the City of Makhachkala in 2019–2023 case study
Authors: MAGOMEDOV Ruslan Sh. , SEDOVA Svetlana V.
Published: January 2024

Subject. This article discusses the peculiarities of the government-sponsored management by objectives of the socio-economic development of a heavily subsidized subject of the Russian Federation.
Objectives. The article aims to quantify the relationship between government-sponsored programmes of the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and municipal programmes, considering the Republic of Dagestan as an case study.
Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis.
Results. The article finds that within the period 2019–2023, the Republic of Dagestan participated in twenty six government-sponsored programmes of the Russian Federation, and only five of them (3.6% of the planned annual budget expenditures of the Republic of Dagestan) are aimed at developing the production of market goods. The annual share of the planned expenditures of the budget of Makhachkala for the implementation of the National Programme of the Russian Federation Development of Education within the period 2019–2023 is on average 57.5%.
Conclusions. The high social load on sub-federal budgets hinders the growth of budgetary self-sufficiency in a heavily subsidized constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Ethik in psychosozialen Berufsfeldern: Ein Thema für die Ausbildung im personzentrierten Ansatz
Authors: Holzbecher Monika , Wittrahm Andreas
Published: January 2024

In allen sozial- und humanwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wächst der Diskussionsbedarf über verantwortliches Handeln. Dies gilt auch für Psychotherapie und Beratung. Im personzentrierten Ansatz lässt sich allerdings zu Recht fragen, ob die ethischen Grundsätze nicht innerhalb des Konzeptes hilfreichen Handelns zu finden sind.Dann wäre es unnötig, auf formale ethische Maßstäbe Bezug zu nehmen. Die Ethik-Kommission in der GwG geht einen Mittelweg. Sie hat Ethik-Richtlinien etabliert, setzt aber vor allem auf Bewusstseinsbildung und Training in der Aus- und Weiterbildung. Auf diese Weise werden diejenigen Ressourcen innerhalb des Ansatzes für ein therapeutisches Handeln gestärkt, die dem Klienten eine korrekte und gute Behandlung sichern.
Análise da produção acadêmica brasileira sobre o campo da formação docente: reflexões à luz da sociologia configuracional de Norbert Elias
Authors: Lima George Almeida , Rufino Luiz Gustavo Bonatto
Published: January 2024

Este estudo teve objetivou analisar a produção acadêmica brasileira sobre a utilização das teorias de Norbert Elias no campo da formação docente, buscando compreender seus impactos e reverberações. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases: SciELO, Lilacs e Periódico Capes. Destaca-se que as produções que compuseram o estado da arte analisado são recentes, iniciando-se no ano de 2018 e incipientes, sendo encontrados oito estudos. Embora Norbert Elias não tenha analisado diretamente a formação docente, suas teorias imbricam-se às discussões educacionais, possibilitando reflexões sobre relações de interdependência entre futuros professores e docentes estabelecidos, compreendendo os tensionamentos inerentes ao campo da formação. Caso essa interdependência seja coercitiva, os futuros professores podem ter seu processo formativo impactado negativamente, como a inibição de sua autonomia e criatividade. Os mecanismos operacionais do campo educacional devem dirimir desequilíbrios coercitivos de poder, possibilitando ao futuro docente a vivência de diversas situações pedagógicas.
La femme dans la littérature orale sénégalaise : narratrices et représentations des femmes
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo (España), Montes Nogales Vicente
Published: January 2024

The analysis of the Senegalese oral tradition allows us to highlight the activities and functions of Senegalese women storytellers, as well as the traditional representations of women. In order to address these issues, this article is divided into two main parts: first, we look at griottes, the real storytellers of past and present times; after this, we offer the representations of women in several genres: the epic, the xaxar (welcoming the bride to her husband's house) and dénkaane (recommendations) songs, in which the woman is the real protagonist, and finally the enigmas. We thus offer a complex vision of the image of women that facilitates a better understanding of certain aspects of tradition, admired or denounced by Senegalese women writers in their works.
La représentation de la femme sénégalaise dans La nuit est tombée sur Dakar d’Aminata Zaaria : une exploration poétique des relations de pouvoir
Authors:   Universidad de Granada (España), Nadim Nadim Loubna
Published: January 2024

The writing of Aminata Zaaria emanates from substantial reflection on the inherent questions regarding the female condition in Senegalese society. In her novel, La nuit est tombée sur Dakar, the female characters embark on an initiatory journey in search of their essence and their place in a perpetually changing world. In this context, the narration extends toward a holistic perspective of identity, drawing its richness from deep introspections intertwined with reminiscences of cultural heritage, ancestral history, and buried memories. This quest rises above spatiotemporal constraints, engendering a dialogue that transcends eras, territories, and universal aspirations. Through its uniqueness, this narrative fabric follows a kaleidoscopic dynamic that reflects both the sensitivity of the writer and her emotional state.
Les termes architecturaux. Recommandations officielles et réalités des usages
Authors:   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España), Bartolomé-Díaz Zaida , Trujillo-González Verónica C. ,   Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)
Published: January 2024

"In recent years, English has become the predominant language in the scientific field, and France, has responded to this situation by creating protective mechanisms, such as the actions of the Commission d’enrichissement de la langue française, which aims to preserve the language through standardization of terminology. In this article, we analysethe terms proposed by this commission for architecture and evaluate their usage in a corpus specifically created from unofficial architectural texts obtained from the Internet. The results show variability in the use of the terms, with some being widely adopted while others are little known or rarely used. The article contributes to addressing the challenges related to the relevance, implementation, and dissemination of architectural terms "
Les discours inauguraux de la Ve République Francaise. Exploration statistique des modalités énonciatives
Authors:   Université d’Oran2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed (Algérie), Abderrahmane Bensebi Abdelhak , Bambrik Lineda ,   Université d’Oran2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed (Algérie)
Published: January 2024

This work presents the results of a contrastive analysis of the inaugural speechs of the French Fifth Republic using computer tools (Iramuteq). It is structured around three main axes. The first is to deal with a discursive genre in its own right, linked to a solemn event, in order to become aware of its enunciative particularities, to answer the question relating to its nature, and then to focus on the singularities of the speakers and to apprehend their own strategies of persuasion, as well as the historical conditions which shaped these speeches. Finally, we will try to understand the factors that led to the emergence of a discourse that breaks with a discursive genre that was previously considered particular.
Le Festin de Pierre de Molière en versión invertida: sobre la hipocresía y otros tartufos en Doña Juana de Sergi Belbel
Authors:   Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (España), Corral Fullà Anna
Published: January 2024

"The aim of this article is to analyze a recent adaptation of one of Molière's most emblematic works, Le Festin de Pierre (1665). It is an unknown play by Sergi Belbel called Doña Juana (2019) which, as its title indicates, is an inverted version of Molière’s creation. This study will examine the adaptation of Belbel, a playwright considered by numerous scholars as an apolitical author, through the prism of political theater. If this is the objective, it is because, from the outset, it seems that its adaptation is not neutral. We can perceive it from the choice of the adapted work as well as from its inverted version, which addresses a topic whose debate is commonplace nowadays."
La música de las traducciones de teatro francés en el Madrid dieciochesco
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España), Pérez Aparicio José Miguel
Published: January 2024

"The reception of French theatre on the stages of Madrid took place in the last third of the eighteenth century. This paper documents the musical sources that accompanied the theatrical translations from French, determining whether they were accompanied by the original French music or whether new music was written for them. The catalogue generated will be analysed quantitatively to present a series of graphs and tables that allow us to visualize the volume of translations accompanied by music, in which theatres they were performed, what typology of music accompanied them, and how these aspects evolve chronologically. The major trend change that can be observed, consolidated in 1800, is the shift from composing new connaturalized music to importing original French music."
Le deuil de l’absent dans Les Funérailles du lait de Mahi Binebine
Authors:   Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (Maroc), Semlali Mohamed
Published: January 2024

"In his second novel, Mahi Binebine deals with a family drama, that of the incarceration and disappearance of Aziz, the eldest son of the Binebines, following the 1971 putsch. After several years of fruitless waiting without any news of her missing son, Mina, ageing and worn out by oblivion, can no longer bear to live in expectation; she feels the imperative need to mourn her son to prevent his memory from fading away but also, like a modern Antigone, to oppose a vindictive justice system with her duty as a mother and the story of her ordeal, which then takes on a cathartic and protest dimension. "
Effect of Annurca Apple Extract on Anti-hyper Cholesterol Action of a RYR based Formulation
Authors: Pepi Simone , Talarico Luigi , Leone Gemma , Bonechi Claudia , Tamasi Gabriella , Consumi Marco , Bisozzi Flavia , Magnani Agnese
Published: January 2024

Recently, European Authorities imposed that any product for daily consumption shall provide less than 3 mg of monacolins from red yeast rice (RYR). This obliges to find new formulations able to guarantee an effect on cholesterol levels close to that performed by 10 mg of monacolin K. Two different formulations based on chitosan and xanthan gum containing 10 mg of lovastatin from RYR and a combination of lovastatin (3 mg) from RYR and annurca apple extract (AC), respectively, were compared to verify their anti-hyper cholesterol action in terms of inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, protection of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation and total free cholesterol depletion. Results highlighted that the combination of RYR and AC represents a valid alternative to the use of high dose of monacolin K. Indeed, formulations containing both nutraceuticals showed a significantly higher activity in terms of inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, antioxidant activity towards both HDL and LDL and depletion of free cholesterol
Microemulgel Delivery of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Torambe Pooja V , Chabukswar1 Anuruddha R , Dhamane Suchita P , Jagdale Swati C
Published: January 2024

Background: Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is broad spectrum carboxyfluoroquinolone antibiotic from biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV. The oral dosage form exhibits gastric irritation whereas the topical cream has demonstrated poor penetration and low bioavailability. Objective: To optimize microemulsion-based gel of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride to increase its solubility and permeability through the cutaneous layer for targeting bacterial skin infections. Methods: To develop microemulsion, oil (soya oil, castor oil, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate and vegetable oil), surfactant (cremophore, span 80, tween 80) and cosurfactant (PEG 600 and PEG 400, propylene glycol) were evaluated. To depict the microemulsion formulation pseudo ternary phase diagram was employed. %Transmittance, zeta potential, dissolution study and size analysis were carried out for evaluation of microemulsion. 32 factorial design was used. Two variables i.e concentration of Sepineo P600 and Carbopol 934 effect on microemulgel was evaluated. Evaluation of gel was carried for physical parameters, antimicrobial, in-vitro and ex-vivo release study. Results: Solubility analysis suggested tween 80, oleic acid and propylene glycol for the formulation of microemulsion. Zeta potential for microemulsion batch F1 was -11.3 mV. This indicated good stability. In-vitro release study showed 91.98% percentage cumulative drug release for batch F1 at 8 hours. Microemulsion-based gel (F1) showed 22.96% inhibition against bacteria which proved its antibacterial activity. Conclusion: The obtained results exhibited that the permeability and bioavailability of the drug was increased when given through a topical route.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Cream by using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract
Authors: Thombre Nilima A , Laddha Umesh D , Ahire Eknath D , Tajanpure Anjali B , Surse Sunita N , Kakad Smita P , Kakad Amit V , Anumone Diya , Sonawani Rajas
Published: January 2024

Fungal infection is one of the major health concerns globally and varies from superficial to systemic infections. Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract showed antifungal activity against wide range of fungi. The present research focuses on the development and investigation of cream with guava leaf extract. Ethanolic, methanolic and hydroalcoholic leaf extract was evaluated for total flavonoid content, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Further cream-based extract was optimized using 32 factorial designs. Beeswax and tween 80 were selected as the independent variables whose impact was studied on viscosity and %cumulative drug diffusion. Optimized cream was characterized by appearance, pH, washability, spreadability, in-vitro drug diffusion study, antifungal test and skin irritation test on wistar rats. The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest content of flavonoids and a better zone of inhibition (27 ± 1 mm). HPTLC results confirmed the presence of essential flavonoids. Cream with 6% beeswax and 5% tween 80 with a viscosity 10420 cP and 70% drug diffusion was considered as optimized batch. The prepared cream showed satisfactory results for all evaluated parameters. The antifungal test showed the highest zone of inhibition for cream (25 mm) in comparison to standard formulation (23 mm). No any sign of skin irritation was observed. The prepared formulation is the best suitable alternative for the available topical antifungal formulation
Microemulgel-based Hydrogel of Diclofenac Sodium using Lipidium sativum as a Gelling Agent
Authors: Sonule Minal , Devhare Lalchand D , Babu M Niranjan , Gunjal Sachinkumar D , Varalaxmi S
Published: January 2024

Aim was to prepare hydrogel containing diclofenac sodium using Lipidium sativum as a gelling agent within a micro emulsion-based system. The oil phase consisted of soybean oil, while surfactants, namely Span 80 and Tween 20, were employed in the formulation. Absolute ethanol was used as a co-surfactant and were characterized by a phase diagram. The in-vitro permeation information is derived from the Franz diffusion. Different microemulsion was designed by screening of various components by performing pseudo-ternary phase diagram and then a solubility study. From this psudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. In-vitro permeation data was screened from these results the topical delivery of diclofenac sodium microemulsion was clearly confirmed as being by means of w/o microemulsion systems. The optimized formulation of the microemulsion consist of soya bean oil 1.25 mL, span:Tween 20 : 2.5 mL, ethanol 1-mL, water 0.2 mL, L. sativum mucilage and it is compared with the marketed preparation. So, the micro emulsion-based hydrogel of diclofenac using L. sativum mucilage can be used as a gelling agent for a topical drug delivery system.
Development of Face Pack Powder of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Using Variations of Binders with D-Optimal Mixture Design
Authors: Pratiwi Liza , Wijianto Bambang
Published: January 2024

Cosmetics like face pack powder are popular preparations used by men and women. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and carbopol are commonly used binders and are suited to dispersal by water. Many natural ingredients such as arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) are useful for cosmetics. Chlorogenic acid and α-tocopherol is a bioactive compound for antioxidant activity and is important in its application in face pack powder. This study aimed to determine the ratio comparison of the composition of the three polymers used as the binders for preparations of the coffee face pack powder using a D-optimal mixture design, analyze the evaluation results of the optimum face pack powder formula, and determine its antioxidant activity. The study began with coffee extraction with 70% ethanol as solvent, wet granulation process with binders and other excipients, evaluation of organoleptic properties, pH, and water content, stability observation for 28 days, and in-vitro measurement of antioxidant activity. One-sample t-test was applied to analyze the results. The obtained optimum formula was with the ratio of HPMC (8.43): carbopol (1.16): CMC-Na (5.41). The evaluation results of the optimum formula showed that the face pack powder has ash brown color, weak aromatic typical coffee fragrance, homogeneous texture, pH value of 5.93 ± 0.06, and water content of 0.89 ± 0.15%. The resulting study shows the coffee face pack powder and crude extract have antioxidant activity (34.94 ppm ± 0.75 and 15.78 ppm ± 2.53). The analysis with the one-sample t-test showed that the experimental results were not significantly different from the software predictions, so the Design-Expert® software using the D-optimal mixture design is applicable to predict the optimum formula of coffee face pack powder
Development and Evaluation of Emulgel Formulation of Diclofenac Sodium utilizing Lipidium sativum as a Gelling Agent
Authors: Sonule Minal , Gunjal Sachinkumar D , Samathoti Prasanthi , R Badmanaban , K C Bharath Raj
Published: January 2024

Emulgels have gained recognition as an effective method for delivering non-polar drugs. The primary goal of our current research is to investigate the potential of Lepidium sativum seed mucilage as a gelling agent in this context. To enhance drug penetration, we have incorporated clove oil, oleic acid, and methyl salicylate. An emulsion was formulated and subsequently integrated into the gel base. Our research encompassed a series of studies, including rheological assessments, spreading coefficient evaluations, investigations into skin irritancy, and other relevant tests. Furthermore, we conducted drug content analysis, in-vitro release and permeation studies, and stability assessments. In our in-vitro investigations, it was observed that formulation E6 exhibited the highest drug release within a span of 180 minutes. Comparative analyses were conducted, pitting formulations E4, E5, and E6 against a commercially available emulgel preparation. As a result of our findings, it is evident that an emulgel employing L. sativum mucilage can effectively function as a gelling agent in a topical drug delivery system.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Highly Oxidative Degradative Drug Molecule Injectable Dosage form by Lyophilisation Techniques
Authors: Bhakre Hitesh , Agrawal Ashish , Chatap Vivekanand K
Published: January 2024

Adrenaline (ADR) It is lifesaving and is the only first-line drug for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Adrenaline (ADR) is the endogenous catecholamine with potent alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulating properties. Alpha-adrenergic action increases systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, increasing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Adrenaline is released in the bloodstream, which increases heartbeat, muscle strength, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism. Oxidation degradation of the medicinal product is the main route of degradation. Affects chemical and physical changes in drugs during the formulation development process. Physicochemical changes in the product can affect both the safety and efficacy of the drug product. Main product development strategy to develop, a stable, freeze-dried product of epinephrine for injection. The stability of adrenaline injection is of paramount objective as it is classified as a catechol compound that is sensitive to oxidation to o-quinone and therefore can react further to form highly colored compounds. Adrenergic drugs further react to form adrenochrome, a highly colored indole derivative. The rate of this reaction increased with pH, temperature and presence of the metal ions. Aqueous solutions of adrenergic agonists decompose rapidly when exposed to air, light, or heat, turning pink due to oxidation to adrenochrome and brown due to melanin formation. Due to its strong oxidizing properties and easy decomposition in aqueous solutions. To achieve this, the aqueous solutions of adrenergic agonists decompose rapidly when exposed to air, light, or heat, turning pink due to oxidation to adrenochrome and brown due to melanin formation. Due to its strong oxidizing properties and easy decomposition in aqueous solutions.
P Glycoprotein Mediated Drug Interaction between Digoxin and Orange Juice- Exploratory Study by In-vitro Approach
Authors: M Deepalakshmi , Joanna Anslin , Venkat Keerthana , Mofhy Malwyn , K P Arun
Published: January 2024

P.gp is an efflux transporter that plays a vital role in drug transportation. Aim: This exploratory study is aimed to find the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug interaction between digoxin and orange juice, conducted for a period of six months. The 3D structure of the human P-gp was predicted from the peptide by molecular threading using default settings. The structural analysis and verification server and the PDB were used to assess the stereo-chemical quality of these structures. The molecular structure of P-gp in a transport cycle has been investigated using a variety of methods. Molecular docking has been performed to predict the highest binding affinity to P gp with ligands of orange juice and ligands of ketoconazole. In 50% ethyl acetate extract of orange juice was prepared and a transcellular transport study was done using MDR1 transfectants and MRP2 transfectants LLC-PK1, LLC-GAS-COL150, LLC-pCI and LLC-MRP cells grown in M199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum at 37℃ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air. The minimum inhibitory concentration is found to be 125 mcg/mL. Hence, the loading concentration along with orange juice is found to be 24.562 mcg/mL and the concentration less than that is found with poor sensitivity. Whereas the concentration above 125 mcg/mL loaded with orange juice is found to inhibit P-gp. The absorbance of orange juice and digoxin was measured at 470 nm. Since digoxin is not sensitive to orange juice beyond the concentration of 125 mcg/mL, it is considered as the MIC. Hence orange juice is a moderate p-gp Inhibitor and it escalates the serum digoxin toxicity. Orange juice is inhibiting the P-gp which increases the serum toxicity levels of digoxin.
Box-Behnken Design for Formulation, Characterization and In-vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Pioglitazone Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: SD Modekar , DS Mohale , NI Kochar , AV Chandewar
Published: January 2024

This study employs a 23 full factorial design in the design of experiment (DOE) technique to assess the impact of critical quality attributes (CQAs) on critical process parameters (CPPs) in the formulation of pioglitazone (PGZ) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The three chosen CPPs are the quantity of liquid lipid (Captex 300), the proportion of solid lipid (Glyceryl Palmitostearate), and the amount of surfactant. The CQAs evaluated are entrapment efficiency (%EE) and particle size. The PGZ-loaded NLCs are prepared through a solvent injection method. The lipid phase, consisting of dissolved medication and lipids in ethanol, is rapidly injected into an aqueous phase containing the surfactant. The resulting dispersion undergoes analysis for entrapment effectiveness and particle size. Additionally, the in-vivo antidiabetic activity of the optimal formulation is examined using diabetic rat models induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and relevant biochemical parameters are assessed. The results demonstrate that the proposed PGZ-loaded NLCs exhibit superior antidiabetic activity and favorable physicochemical characteristics compared to free PGZ. This study provides valuable insights into the formulation and characterization of NLCs for enhanced diabetes management, emphasizing their potential as a promising delivery system to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antidiabetic drugs like PGZ
Formulation Development of Mucoadhesive Tablets for Treatment of Hypertension using Losartan Potassium
Authors: Chavan Ghanshyam M , Devineni Jyothirmayee , Dev Dhruv , Shirode Abhay R , Minhas P S
Published: January 2024

Controlled-release losartan potassium incorporated bucccoadhesive tablets were prepared using guar gum and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M). The polymers had demonstrated considerable influence for all reactions. Ethylcellulose, a naturally impermeable material, was employed as a backing layer. The direct compression approach was used to create nine distinct losartan potassium formulations. Drug and polymer compatibility was determined through preformulation research utilizing fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Buccoadhesive tablets were evaluated by swelling, bioadhesive characteristics, pH and in-vitro drug dissolution. The bioadhesive strength of guar gum was found to be greater than that of HPMC K4M. The swelling effect provided by both polymers was adequate. All formulations were judged to have an adequate surface pH, with values falling between 7 and 5, suggesting no discomfort to the buccal cavity. Ex-vivo residence times ranging from 7.2 to >10 hours for all tablets tested demonstrated a high degree of adhesion. The improved formulation follows Fickian diffusion release process. The optimized formulation underwent a stability investigation in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) criteria, and no significant changes were found.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Biperiden HCL for Treatments of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sharma Mahavir K , Singh Rupa , Patel Tejas K , Jani Bhavik , Kher Dhairyashri
Published: January 2024

Seven formulations were developed using superdisintegrating substances like sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, and cross-carmellose sodium at different concentrations. Three batches were created by employing varying concentrations of the super disintegration approach, utilizing sodium starch glycolate as the superdisintegrating agent. The batches underwent evaluation regarding sensory characteristics, firmness, breakability, weight consistency, disintegration time in a simulated environment, time is taken for wetting, laboratory tests on drug release within a controlled environment, and assessments of product stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirmed the absence of drug-excipient interactions. In this examination, mouth-dissolve tablets of biperiden HCL were successfully ready with favorable parameters, including organoleptic properties, hardness (3.2 kg/cm3), friability (0.23%), weight variation (100 mg), disintegration time within a controlled laboratory environment (17 seconds), wetting time (11 seconds), and in-vitro drug release studies (99.80%). The study concluded that the biperiden hydrochloride mouth-dissolving tablet was effectively formulated using the direct compression method, demonstrating improved patient compliance.
A Novel Deep Learning Model for Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Raheem Ali K A , Dhannoon N
Published: January 2024

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can lead to adverse events and compromised treatment efficacy, emphasizing the need for accurate prediction and understanding of these interactions. This paper presents an innovative approach for DDI prediction, employing two distinct message-passing neural network (MPNN) models, each meticulously tailored to focus on one drug within a pair. By adeptly capturing the unique attributes and interactions of each drug, this novel method strives to enhance the accuracy of DDI prediction. Furthermore, we integrate the outcomes of individual MPNN models with information derived from both drugs and their molecular features. In addition to this, we harnessed a curated list of 82 existing FDA-approved drugs, which were evaluated against five vital SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Based on the Combined Score, we systematically scrutinized a selection of the top-10 drugs exhibiting the highest binding affinity to these proteins, employing a sophisticated deep learning architecture for predicting Drug-Drug Interactions. The results remarkably demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach, boasting an impressive accuracy of 0.92, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99, and an F1-score of 0.85. Moreover, the identified list of high-affinity drugs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins may potentially serve as a pivotal starting point for the development of new and invaluable pharmaceutical interventions.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Pharmaceutical Sector: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Application from the Discovery Phase to Industrial Implementation
Authors: Shinde Prajwal S , Pawar Ashish Y , Talele Swati G
Published: January 2024

The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) technology into the pharmaceutical sector is a groundbreaking revolution, promising to enhance drug development significantly by boosting speed, efficiency, and effectiveness. This transformative journey encompasses several key facets, notably the sophisticated analysis of complex data, the optimization of drug delivery systems, the acceleration of drug discovery, the identification of valuable biomarkers and drug candidates, and the fine-tuning of treatment outcomes. Beyond these crucial strides, AI is reshaping healthcare at large, elevating decision-making processes, and deepening our understanding of diseases and pharmaceuticals. The broader domains within this AI-driven transformation encompass themes such as “Revolutionizing Pharmaceutical Product Development Through AI,” where AI platforms like the Chemputer successfully synthesize compounds and estimate granulation completion times, improving production efficiency. In “Transforming Pharmaceutical Manufacturing with AI, “AI optimizes manufacturing processes, further enhancing efficiency.” Enhancing Clinical Trial Design Through AI” harnesses AI to improve patient selection and adherence, utilizing genome and exposome profiles for precise and efficient clinical trials. AI also proves valuable in preclinical phases, predicting lead compounds. Moreover, AI extends its influence to brand recognition and market positioning of pharmaceutical products, leveraging technology and e-commerce platforms for distinct product identities and effective marketing strategies. In “Convergence of AI and Nanomedicine,” AI delves into complex formulation development, optimizing drug delivery methods via molecular analysis and simulation tools. Furthermore, AI’s role in addressing challenges in the pharmaceutical market, such as reducing financial burdens and risks related to virtual screening, is pivotal. The sector’s substantial growth and its integration into pharmaceutical companies’ strategies through collaborations signify a promising future for AI in healthcare.In summary, the incorporation of AI in the pharmaceutical industry holds immense potential for enhancing production processes, clinical trial design, market positioning, nanomedicine, and overall industry efficiency. These collective advancements mark a transformative era in pharmaceutical innovation and patient care.
Extrapyramidal Effects of First and Second Generation Antipsychotics: A Review
Authors: SM Sharumathi , S Bhavatharini , MX Rinu , KP Arun , M Deepalakshmi
Published: January 2024

Antipsychotics are essential for treating major psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. Second-generation antipsychotics were developed to reduce the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) caused by antipsychotic medications. While second-generation drugs have a lower risk of EPS than first-generation treatments, studies show that they can still cause EPS, with clozapine being the least risky and risperidone the most. A literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases until April 2023 found that high doses, a history of past EPS, comorbidities, and specific second-generation medications can increase the risk of EPS. The choice of a first-generation comparator also influences study findings. Although the prevalence and severity of EPS vary with antipsychotics, these medications have not met expectations in terms of tolerability. EPS is still a clinical issue, even in the era of second-generation antipsychotics. This review offers a concise overview of EPS induced by antipsychotics.
Nanogel: Types, Methods of Preparation, Limitation, Evaluation and Application – A Systematic Review
Authors: Srivastava Saloni , Saha Supriyo , Jakhmola Vikash
Published: January 2024

Nanogels combine the characteristics of nanomaterials with hydrogels. To meet the expanding demands from various areas, a sizable number of nanogels have been designed and manufactured using the emulsion solvent diffusion nano precipitated method, emulsion evaporation of the solvent method, reverse micellar method and modified diffusion emulsification method. Thermosensitive nanogel, pH-sensitive nanogel, ultrasound-sensitive magnetic response, response to multiple stimuli, chain transfer polymerization, photo-induced crosslinking polymerization and modifications for active targeting are the types of nanogels based on response towards stimuli and polysaccharide, chitosan, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, cyclodextrin, gum acacia, protein are used to prepare nanogel. Nanogels have considerable potential and novelty within the biomedical sector due to their uniformity, adjustable dimensions, little toxicity, resilience in the presence of serum, and capacity for responsive behavior with a comparatively high drug encapsulation capacity. Nanogels have considerable potential in bioactive substance delivery, organ targeting, and chemotherapy. The article highlighted the preparation, types, evaluation and applicability of nanogel as a targeted delivery system.
Overview of Antihypertensive Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Bidkar Shital , Tandale Akshada , Meher Abhishek , Bidkar Jayant , Dama Ganesh
Published: January 2024

In order to boost bioavailability and enhance patient compliance, this review focuses on the antihypertensive action of transdermal patches. Using a transdermal method for administering medication (TDDS), it is possible to administer a systemic medicament via a simple skin patch. Among the most prevalent human diseases is hypertension. There is a strong correlation between hypertension and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The evolution of skin science, innovation, and experience that led to these patches began with the earliest written records of human history and continues to this day through with a combination of trial and error, clinical observation, and research evidence. Because it’s a long-term condition, treatment will take a while