bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Rod-Like BiPO4 Microcrystal and Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yue Lin Lin , Zhang Jie , He Xiao Mei , Wang Dan Jun , Fu Feng
Published: June 2014

BiPO4 microcrystal was prepared via a simple deposition –precipitation synthesis process. XRD, UV-Vis-DRS and FE-SEM techniques were employed to investigate its’ phase composition, morphology. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by the degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) and p-nitrophenol. The photo degradation experiments result indicated that RhB and p-nitrophenol were easily photodegradated with as-synthesis BiPO4 microcrystal under mental halide lamp irradiation. Furthermore, the photoctalytic activity mechanism was also discussed.
Flash Pyrolysis of Coal with Solid Heat Carrier in a Fluidized Bed
Authors: Geng Ceng Ceng , Li Shu Yuan , Liu Shao Hua , Hou Ji Li , Shang Wen Zhi
Published: June 2014

Flash pyrolysis of Shenmu coal with solid heat carrier was carried out in a fluidized bed using semi-coke as the solid heat carrier and nitrogen as the carrier gas. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, reaction time and mass ratio of heat carrier to coal on the yields of products were studied. It is found that the best operating conditions involving pyrolysis temperature 550°C, reaction time 6 min and mass ratio of heat carrier to coal 2. The properties of coal tar from fluidized bed, such as density, viscosity, freezing point, carbon residue and hydrogen carbon atom ratio, are almost higher than that of the above water coal tar and lower than that of the below water coal tar, while the above and below water coal tar obtained from Sanjiang squared retort. The results of simulation distillation show that gasoline and diesel fractions of coal tar from fluidized bed are higher than that of below water coal tar and lower than that of above water coal tar, while the heavy oil fraction is opposed.
Research on Alkaline Detergent and Descaling Mechanism in ASP Flooding
Authors: Qian Hui Juan , Hou Zhi Feng , Gao Qing He , Luo Zhong Gui , Chen Xin Ping
Published: June 2014

In view of the oil well scaling phenomenon and the disadvantages of existing pickling descaling, the alkaline detergent which can be used in oil well was prepared. The effect factors of the alkaline detergent were studied. The results show that the alkaline detergent in ASP Flooding has certain descaling effect on different composition of scale. The descaling effect of the carbonate is better than that of silicon aluminosilicate. The temperature and reaction time has a great influence on the descaling effect. Raising the temperature and prolonging the reaction time can obtain good effect.
Experimental Study on CO2 Foam Flooding Characteristics
Authors: Tao Hong Sheng , Sun Xiao
Published: June 2014

In CO2 foam flooding progress, foams formed by CO2 and surfactant solution can reduce the fluidity of CO2, improve sweep efficiency and flow behavior of CO2 in heterogeneous oil reservoir, prevent fingering and channeling and improve recovery efficiency. However, the study on the CO2 foam flooding characteristics is still in the initial stage, this paper focused on experimental testing the CO2 foam fluid flooding characteristics. Factors affecting the foam flooding efficiency, such as surfactant concentration, foam quality, injection method and core permeability, were studied in more detail in the paper, and influencing laws of factors on flooding efficiency and recovery efficiency were analyzed, moreover, based on experiments, the optimum foam quality and injection method, which have a practical and theoretical significance to the engineering application, were obtained.
Dynamics Simulation of Simplified Solar Power Satellite Model on Highly Elliptical Orbit
Authors: He Jie , Zheng Fei
Published: June 2014

In recent years, with the improvement of the level of development and modernization of industry, more energy is needed, so the desire for clean new energy is growing. Solar energy is undoubtedly the most watched in many types of new energy. Solar Power Satellite (SPS) as a major program has been highly anticipated since it's proposed. Studies have been considering it as for a circular orbit. But there are some disadvantages on circular orbit such as inefficiency and complexity of the transmission link. So it is very important to research the SPS on highly elliptical orbit. In this paper, firstly, a particle - cylinder model is established. Then, dynamics simulation of Solar Power Satellite on highly elliptical orbit is based on this model. The simulations about mature orbit verify the feasibility and accuracy of the model. So this method provides a valuable reference for Solar Power Satellite deployment.
Methanol to Gasoline over La/HZSM-5 Catalyst Modified by Na2CO3
Authors: Gao Xiao Feng , Ding Chuan Min , Liu Wei Li , Wang Jun Wen , Zhang Kan , Liu Ping
Published: June 2014

HZSM-5 catalysts with SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 80 were treated with 0.4 mol/L Na2CO3 solution at 80°C for 2 h to improve diffusion properties. Further, some of these catalysts were modified by impregnation of La (NO3)3. These catalysts characterized by XRD and BET were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor for conversion of methanol to gasoline (MTG) reaction. The Na2CO3 treatment results in formation of mesoporous structure in ZSM-5 zeolite. Meanwhile, LaZSM-5/AT catalyst exhibits significantly enhancement in catalytic lifetime and liquid hydrocarbons yield as well as selectivity of isoparaffin and olefin. The conversion of methanol remains above 80 % over 125 h on LaZSM-5/AT catalyst under atmospheric pressure, 380°C and weight hourly space velocities (WHSV) of 1.5 h-1.
The Influence of Copper Dilution on HZSM-5 Catalytic Performance in the Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline
Authors: Zhu Ling Jun , Guo Jin Feng , Yin Qian Qian , Wang Shu Rong
Published: June 2014

As a diluent, nanocopper was mixed with HZSM-5 for gasoline production from methanol. Diluents have positive effect on the catalyst stability, for diluents help to enhance heat emission. C2-C3 alkenes and DME contents increased obviously while C3H8 content decreased with the addition of copper. COx and H2 were also observed for the methanol reforming on Cu species. The content of different compositions in the oil products were almost the same as that on HZSM-5 catalyst without diluents.
Preparation of Au Supported ZSM-5 Catalysts and its Special Performance in the Catalytic Cracking of Butane Reaction
Authors: Nulahong Aisha , Mo Wen Long , Ma Feng Yun
Published: June 2014

Au/ZSM-5 was prepared by improved desorption-precipitation (DP) method using urea as precipitant. Au-samples were characterized by TEM, UV-Vis, XRD, pyridine-FTIR, FTIR and the other techniques. The catalytic performance of Au/ZSM-5 catalysts was carried out on the catalytic cracking of butane by mini-scale pulse reactor. Results showed that: 2.0wt% loading Au/ZSM-5 catalyst obtained the best activity that the n-butane conversion rate comes to 58% by weight,60% olefin selectivity and 10% aromatics selectivity; the i-butane conversion rate comes to 53%, 35% olefin selectivity and 15% aromatics selectivity.
The Design of the Solar Panels Automatic Tracking Controller
Authors: Sun Rong Xia , Sun Xiao Ning , Wang Shuo Nan
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the design is with the single chip microcomputer as the core of automatic tracking controller. The system is mainly composed of the signal acquisition part, the signal conditioning part, a control circuit and a drive circuit. The signal collection circuit composed of photosensitive resistance sensors to collect light signal, signal conversion circuit with voltage follower LM324 convert the change of light intensity to the change of the voltage, through the voltage comparator LM393 produce high and low level control stepping motor rotation; Control circuit use the AT89S52 as the main control device, output different control signals to the driving circuit; Driving circuit use the ULN2003 as driver stepper motor. Is obtained by simulation debugging, physical test, the error rate is less than 5%, in order to realize the efficient utilization of solar energy.
Spontaneous Formation of CTAB/SDBS Vesicles
Authors: Cui Lin Lin , Fu Li Juan
Published: June 2014

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (CTAB/SDBS) complex formulation of scale effect on the spontaneous formation of vesicles and the influence of different factors on the stability of vesicles were discussed, structure and morphology of vesicles were observed.
Stability of Pyrolysis Oil-Water Emulsion
Authors: Subsuksumran Pipat , Kittipoomwong Prakorn , Narasingha Monpilai , Soontornrangson Wirachai
Published: June 2014

Emulsification of pyrolysis oil produced from plastic waste has been experimented. The employed cascade heating steps and heating rates pyrolysis process provides 80% product yield using waste plastic or recycles HDPE pellets as a raw material. Water-in-oil emulsion is produced ultrasonically and mechanically with Span80 as a surfactant. The emulsion stability was assessed by water droplet size and visual observation of any phase separation. An ultrasonic mixer is found to be more effective than mechanical homogenizer in terms of homogenous stability to emulsify plastic oil with water. For emulsion with 10% water by volume, the emulsion is observed to be stable for up to 24 hours after mixing.
Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate over Activated Carbon Supported Cu Based Catalysts
Authors: Ruiyu Wang , Zhong Li
Published: June 2014

The supported chloride-free copper based catalyst was prepared by deposition-precipitation method and used to catalyze the direct vapor-phase oxycarbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The effect of reductive agent and copper salt precursor on catalyst structure and catalytic performance were investigated, the catalysts were characterized by XRD, H2-TPR techniques. Using Cu (CH3COO)2 as precursor, glucose as reductive agent, when loading amount was 17.1%, the Cu2O/AC catalyst shows the best performance for DMC synthesis. Under the condition of CO/MeOH/O2=5/11/1, SV=6625h-1, the average STY of DMC in 9 hrs running was 71.96mg/(g·h), and selectivity of DMC was 83.13%.
Probe into CO2-Coal Interactions with Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Duan Li Jiang , Qu Liang Chao
Published: June 2014

In order to probe CO2-coal interactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment was carried out in the atmosphere of He and CO2 with coals from Huozhou, Changzhi and Jincheng areas in Shanxi Province (classified as high-volatile bituminous coal, low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively). It was found that, in a He atmosphere, all the three curves show no enthalpy and are almost reversible, indicating no adsorption occurs. However, in a CO2 atmosphere, all the three curves show exothermic peaks and endothermic peaks and are irreversible, indicating, except for physical reactions, chemical reactions may also occur. It was proposed that the C atom of CO2 accepted electrons from coal molecular, and formed an electron donor-acceptor complex (i.e., an EDA complex), in other words, chemical reactions occured, hence exothermic peaks occured. The interconnections of the active sites to other groups in coal molecular are weakened due to the formation of EDA complexes, so easily to be broken during heating, hence endothermic peaks occured. The irreversibility of the curves indicate structure change of coal, which may be influenced by two factors: a) during slow cooling, the ordering of side chains, which were expanded in high temperature, leads to a less associated structure; b) in heating process, the breakage of side chains enhances the associations of coal macromolecular, and leads to a more highly associated structure.
Research of the SNCR Process and its Application
Authors: Li Zhong , Liu Xue Min , Yang Ding Hua , Qin Wen Jun , Yang Gen Sheng , Zhang Da Long
Published: June 2014

The principles of SNCR process and factors affecting the denitrification efficiency are described in details. The efficiency and cost of SNCR and SCR processes are briefly compared. SNCR process has advantages of short construction period, low investment cost and so on. If the discharge standard is hard to meet, coupling SNCR with other NOx control methods can be considered to reduce NOx emission. Based on the complex circumstance of units in China, SNCR process is very suitable for application in industry.
Experiment Research of the Influence of Bio-Diesel on the Number and Size Distribution of PM Emissions of Diesel Engine
Authors: Yang Dong Bo , Li Liu , Lin Luo
Published: June 2014

A comparative study has been done on a diesel engine, which was equipped with high pressure common rail system. Diesel, soybean oil methyl ester and waste cooking oil methyl ester were test to analyze the influence of bio-diesel on the number and size distribution of PM emissions. The results showed that bio-diesel can significantly reduce the dry soot emission due to the containing of oxygen and the advantage of components, which results the decrease of accumulation particle emissions and total weight emissions. The size distribution of bio-diesel PM emissions becomes unimodal. The density and viscosity of bio-diesel are greater than that of diesel, which results in a significant increase of the number of nucleation particles due to the disadvantages of injection and mixture formation.
Charging Characteristics of Electric Vehicles and Charging Cost Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao Lu
Published: June 2014

This paper investigates the “Vehicle-charging mode” and the “Battery-changing mode” of the electric vehicles. Firstly, it analyzes the vehicle-charging time, the battery-changing time and the charging power under two modes. Secondly, this paper searches into different sorts of charging and sets up three scenarios based on the differences: scenario1, disorderly; scenario2, continuous; scenario 3, off-peak. Thirdly, this paper considers the combination of generator sets that reaches the requirements of electric vehicle charging based on the characteristics of different sorts of charging, concerns the increased fuel costs, O&M costs and start cost generated along, and draws conclusions with the comparison of the elements.
Experimental Study on the Performance of the Engine Fueled with DME-Methanol Blends
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yun Peng , Li Fan Bin
Published: June 2014

Performance test of the engine fueled with DME-methanol blends was conducted on a 4102BQ diesel engine. The results show that: by increasing the fuel pump plunger diameter, delaying injection timing, and reducing nozzle-opening pressure, the rated power of the engine, fueled with DM90 blends (Mass ratio of DME and methanol is 9:1), descended 13.97% relative to the original diesel engine, but the soot emissions did not appeared in all test conditions. In full load condition, NOx emissions declined by 55.1%, CO emissions fell by 65.8%, but HC emissions increased by 21.6%.
Study on the Combustion Characteristics of the Engine Fueled with DME-Diesel Blends
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yun Peng , Li Fan Bin
Published: June 2014

To further study the performance of the engine fueled with DME-diesel blends, the indicator diagrams of a two-cylinder four-stroke engine are recorded at 1700r/min and 2300r/min under different load, the heat release rate and the rate of pressure rise are calculated. The results show that: when fueled the engine with D20 blend (Mass ratio of DME and diesel oil is 2:10) and optimizing the fuel supply advance angle, the maximum cylinder pressure decreases by 10% averagely and its corresponding crank angle delays 2°CA, the maximum rate of pressure rise is relatively lowers about 20%, the beginning of heat release delays，but combustion duration do not extend, and the centroid of heat release curves is closer to TDC (Top Dead Center), maximum combustion temperature drops 70-90K. These results indicate that the mechanical efficiency will be improved and, NOx emissions and mechanical noise will be reduced when an engine fueled with DME-diesel blends.
Stochastic Load Modeling for Electric Vehicle Charging Load Case Study: Pattaya City Thailand
Authors: Ruayariyasub Suthida , Sirisumrannukul Somporn , Wangsatitwong Suksan
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a Monte Carlo-based method used in modeling electrical load occurring from electric vehicle battery charging and assessing its impact on the distribution system in case of an extensive residential use of electric vehicles. The state of charge and starting time are parameters considered stochastic in nature. As such they can be appropriately represented by a standard distribution function. In this paper a case study is demonstrated using a 22-kV distribution network located in an urban service area of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). Based on the PEA’s typical daily load profile, a new load profile which includes the effect of electric vehicle charging is developed. The expected impact on the line overload and quality standard of voltage caused by electric vehicle charging can be forecasted. Results of the study are applicable for system planning to accommodate an expansion in the network capacity due to the growth in electric vehicle number.
Smoothing the Metropolis Electric Power Consumption Daily Schedule with Mass Use of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Tavlintsev Alexander , Shorikova Maria , Yuferev Sergey
Published: June 2014

In connection with the increasing fuel costs and decreasing incomes during the crisis electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular with drivers. With mass growth of using the electrical vehicles a possibility of transmission congestion can take place. While charging the vehicle by means of residential distribution there is a risk of facing electric power supply degradation and local accident conditions in grids. One of the basic current problems is that of the load curve irregularity, i.e. the existence of the peak hours and minimums in demand of the electric power. In its turn the load curve irregularity can cause unacceptable frequency oscillations in power systems. The development of charging station systems will lead to the increasing of the morning and evening demand of the electric power. It requires key investments in generators designing and improving the distribution networks, which in its turn will cause limitations in the number of charging stations and the electric vehicles expansion. Cost differentiation depending upon charging duration time can become an incentive to use charging stations during the periods of the minimum electric power consumption. A possibility of the electric vehicles usage as a means of smoothing the electric power consumption daily schedule is shown in the article. The evaluation of rationality of the electric vehicles integration as a power component in the network was made as well.
Charging and Discharging Control Strategy of Electric Vehicles Based on V2G Mode
Authors: Tan Li Juan , Zhao Cai Hong , Zhang Mai , Liu Li , Li Han Yi , Chen Xiao
Published: June 2014

With the popularity of electric vehicles, the impact of charging power on the original grid load is increasingly prominent. Electric vehicles can realize the benign interaction with power grid through the V2G technology. The mathematical model is solved with genetic algorithm in this paper based on the objective function as the minimization of daily charging cost. Constraint conditions such as maximum charge and discharge power limits and state of charge are considered. By analyzing the charge and discharge control of single car and the influence of electric vehicles’ charge and discharge on power grid, it is concluded that charge and discharge control strategy proposed in this paper can optimize the operation of the power grid and realize win-win situation of the user and the power grid with the time-of-use electricity pricing mechanism.
Designing Test Machine for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Pavement Deformation
Authors: Sun Chun Hua , Shang Guang Qing
Published: June 2014

To find the new type of sustainable and renewable energy and harvest energy from pavement deformation, a new idea of designing test machine to harvest piezoelectric energy from pavement is innovatively proposed. A mathematical model of open-circuit voltage is deduced from the piezoelectric equations. Design requirements of the test machine are proposed based on the model and vehicle driving condition. The construction and work principle of the machine are elaborated. A prototype of the test machine is designed and manufactured. Some experiment is done to test the excited voltage of a series of piezoelectric harvesters with the test machine. The result shows that the measured data are basically the same to the theoretical ones. It is feasible to use the test machine for measuring piezoelectric energy harvesting characteristics from pavement deformation. Therefore, the machine can be applied for in-depth and systematic studying piezoelectric harvesting energy technology from pavement deformation.
Electromechanical Modeling and Simulation of a Pendulum-Type Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Song Bao wei , An Xin Yu , Mao Zhao Yong , Wen Hai Bing
Published: June 2014

This paper concerns the electromechanical model for a pendulum-type wave energy converter (PWEC). By introducing a based-excited mass-spring-damper, the motion of PWEC is divided into two parts: the motion of floating body and the relative motion of the pendulum and floating body. The electromechanical model involves the relative motion. Based on the electromechanical model, the circuit optimization is researched in frequency domain. The simulation results show that the device harvests plenty of power when the excitation is in close proximity to natural frequency, and the output power will decay sharply when the excitation is away from natural frequency. The optimal active power is obtained when the total reactance is zero.
Calculation of Energy Consumption for Large Generator Cooling System
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Zi Yu , Guo Jian Hong , Wang Hai Feng , Gu Guo Biao , Miao Chang Hai , Guo Yan Fei , Cheng Ling
Published: June 2014

Cooling systems is significance for the structure and energy-saving operation of generator. Different cooling methods affects the efficiency and energy losing of generator. In order to quantitatively calculate the energy consumption of cooling system, this paper proposed three energy consumption indexes for large generator. Energy consuming of a dual inner water cooled generator, a water-hydrogen-hydrogen cooled generator and an evaporative cooling generator were calculated according to the proposed method. The results indicate that the total energy consumption of dual inner water cooled generator is maximum because of its low efficiency, and evaporative cooling generator effectively reduces energy consumption.
The Influence from the Return Water Temperature of Condenser on the Unit and System COP of the Cold-Water Screw Unit Used on Cold Storage
Authors: Ding Zhao Lei , Zhang Chang Feng , Xu Yun Fei
Published: June 2014

The mathematical models of the storage refrigeration system of cold-water screw unit has been established.The operating condition of the unit and the system which working at partial load has been simulated,with different return water temperature of condenser.The influence from the return water temperature of condenser on the COP of the unit and system on the condition of different capacity of compressor has been analyzed, when the evaporation temperature is -10°C.The fact that it’s better to use start and stop operation with upload and download step by step rather than operate on the condition of low capacity of compressor, and that it’s beneficial for systemic energy conservation to use the variable frequency pump have been concluded.
Capturing Energy-Saving Opportunities in Air-Supply System for Cleanroom with Non-Unidirectional Airflow
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: June 2014

In order to improve design method and optimize control strategy used in non-unidirectional airflow cleanroom, the influence of airflow organization and supply air volume on characterization of mini-environments in a non-unidirectional cleanroom was studied in the paper. A series of investigations were conducted on a cleanroom experimental platform with different airflow organization modes and supply air volume variation by electronic frequency conversion (35 to50Hz, 5Hz interval) on air-supply fan unit. The characterization such as cleanliness , pressure difference between clean zone and outdoor were measured during these experiments. It is shown that radiation air-supply airflow organization can offer higher cleanliness when compared with traditional ceiling-supply and wall-return airflow for non-unidirectional airflow cleanroom without increase power consumption. Taking variable electronic frequency on air-supply fan unit is efficient measure for energy-saving in cleanroom operation.
Research on Environmental-Friendly Buildings with Low-Cost and Energy-Saving Technology in Cold Districts
Authors: Wu Xin , Yan Yang , Yang Liu , Shi Jian Ping
Published: June 2014

The research focuses on the construct techniques applied in cold areas, pointing out that the design should pay attention to the apply of energy-saving and low-cost technology, based on proposal which the build-in-cold-district technology has been. In this paper, the analysis is given mainly from the perspectives of building shape coefficient control, roof insulation layer, renewable resources, etc.
Techno - Eco Assessment and Sustainable Development of a Novel "Muban Chombueng Product" of the Local Industries of Thailand
Authors: Namboonruang Weerapol
Published: June 2014

In this paper the scope of the study is grounded on the conceptual ideas of Cradle to Grave and discussion on the full process of the local pozzolanics soil blocks or Muban Chombueng Product, MCP. First, the raw materials extraction and acquisition process, followed by using an end product and the process of natural degradation. The goal of this carbon footprint, CF study is to be compare the best products between MCP and commercial cement block, CB with the least effect on the environment and to guide the development of masonry unit towards a net reduction of resource requirement and emissions.
Proportion of Tensile Strength and Compressive Strength of the Crumb Rubber Concrete Modified by Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Zhen , Wang Xiao Chu , Wang Jun Wei
Published: June 2014

Silane coupling agent built a "molecular bridge" between organic molecules and inorganic molecules, which modified the rubber surface and increased the adhesive ability of rubber particles and cement, so that improved the mechanical properties of rubber concrete. This paper studied on the modification effect of coupling agent on the rubber concrete while the quality of silane coupling agent was 0.5% of that of cementitious material which compared with the mechanical properties of unmodified rubber concrete and the test of concrete under tension and compression ratio and compression ratio were analyzed at the same time.
Study on the Basic Performance and Noise Characteristics of Rubber Cement Concrete of Modified Latex
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Zhen , Wang Xiao Chu , Zhang Jian Peng
Published: June 2014

The test is divided into a rubber content of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%，under the conditions that the SBR content 5% of cement mass, study the ratio of tension and pressure and fracture pressure performance of latex rubber modified concrete, and studies the noise reduction properties of concrete, test ultrasonic propagation velocity in the concrete. Tests show that rubber latex can improve the interface effect between rubbers and cement base material, improve the bonding strength between the two, improve the ratio of tension and pressure and fracture pressure ratio performance of concrete, and reduce the propagation velocity of ultrasonic in concrete, enhance the noise reduction performance of concrete.
The Influence of Blowing Agent on Physical Performance of Porous Glass-Ceramics by Using Waste Glass
Authors: Xu Chang Wei , Meng Qi Han , Chen Yong
Published: June 2014

Use calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and barium carbonate as blowing agent, polyethylene glycol as binder,Cr2O3 as nucleating agent,TiO2 as nucleating agent,CaF2 as a flux in glass powder, we can produce porous glass-ceramics, and after above research, the apparent density, powder density, porosity, the main phase, microscopic characteristics and thermal performance of the samples would be test. The results show that: considering the physical and mechanical performance of porous glass-ceramics, the froth effect of sodium carbonate is most ideal. When the dosage is 6%, the apparent density is minimum, the porosity is maximum and the thermal conductivity is maximum and the main phase is wollastonite.
Relationship between Energy Consumption and Service Level: A Survey of Class a Office Buildings in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Peng , Li Zheng Wei
Published: June 2014

There has been a boom of Class A office buildings in Shanghai in recent years. Due to the high requirements of indoor environment in Class A office buildings, these buildings typically consume larger energy than other office buildings. To have a picture of how these buildings perform in terms of energy, a survey was conducted recently. This survey was targeted at investigating monthly energy consumption, occupancy rate, and Indoor Environment Quality of twenty Class A office buildings in Shanghai in two consecutive years (2009 and 2010). The results show that average energy consumption intensity of surveyed buildings amounts 230.52 kWh/m2. The energy consumption intensity of the base section (including energy use for public services) is about two times higher than that of the tenant section (energy use in tenant space), suggesting that base section has larger energy saving potential than tenant section. The results also indicate that energy consumption of Class A office buildings has no direct relationship with occupancy rate and IEQ. However, the LEED certified green buildings do bring higher rent in average to building owners.
The Research on Current Situation and Green Design Strategies of Residential Indoor Lighting in China
Authors: Zhao Zhong Chao , Luan Luan , Li Hong Mei
Published: June 2014

Green lighting concept which was introduced to china has a history of more than ten years. But there are still many problems exist in the residential indoor lighting. Therefore, in this paper, based on the current situation of residential lighting, its causes are analyzed and the feasible green lighting design strategies are put forward in four aspects such as luminance, light color, lighting mode and lighting detail.
Experimental Study of the Thermal Insulation Property of Sedum Linear Roof Module in Real Weather Condition in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Zhang Yuan , Qiu Feng , Yang Wan Sheng
Published: June 2014

In this paper, four typical building roof modules, i.e., sedum linear module, lightweight planting soil module, water-retaining board module and XPS module, were experimentally investigated by using the guarded hot box under real weather condition in Guangzhou, China. The testing results were compared and analyzed regarding to three main properties of the roof module, i.e., the top and bottom surface temperatures of the modules, air temperature inside the inner box of the guarded hot box and temperature attenuation characteristics for the thermal insulation of the modules. It was found that the sedum linear module performed well in the thermal insulation property under the typical summer weather condition. The analysis results could be used to assist in the application of the green roof module, and contribute to the energy conservation of the buildings.
Passive Design Techniques and Potentials of Application in Kazakhstan
Authors: Tokbolat Serik , Calay Rajnish Kaur
Published: June 2014

Kazakhstan has intensive building construction program which offers an opportunity to construct energy efficient buildings in the country and contribute towards global CO2 emissions targets. There are several energy efficient technologies and sustainable green design features available which construction industry can adopt. However, there are no proper guidelines on green or passive design features in the country. This paper outlines building design measures based on passive design principles specifically for cold climate and can be cost effectively used in Kazakhstan. It is shown that two basic and simple passive design strategies which include site selection, building orientation and proper insulation, can significantly reduce heating loads of a building and its overall energy consumption.
Energy Consumption and Noise Reduction Research of Fiber and Rubber Powder in Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: He Jun Yong , Yao Li Ning , Tian Cheng Yu
Published: June 2014

An experimental study was performed on the energy consumption and noise reduction of cement concrete. The results showed that the modulus of flexure,natural frequencies and logarithmic attenuation rate of concrete decreased when fiber and rubber powder were added together, at the same time, the critical damping ratio of concrete increased. Therefore,it played a very important role in energy consumption and noise reduction of cement concrete pavement when fiber and rubber powder were rationally added.
Research on the Deformation Characteristic of EPS Silt Light-Weight Soil
Authors: Feng Yong , Pei Yu Bin
Published: June 2014

EPS silt light-weight soil is a good artificial earthfill material made by EPS foaming materials and silt. At present,the microstructure character of this light-weight soil is rarely understood,besides, it is very difficult to hold the reasonable deformation parameters, therefore, study on the microstructure mechanism and deformation parameters of EPS silt light-weight soil is very important. Based on the image processing technique and fractal theory, the quantitative parameters and the transformation features under the loading process of the EPS silt light-weight soil microstructure can be researched by XRD and SEM tests. According to the indoor and insitu tests, the effect of EPS grain deformation, soilcement strength, test method and the stress level on the deformation characteristic is to be studied by analysing microstructure transformation. Based on the test results and related theory analysis, the relationship between the microstructure character and macroscopical deformation quality of EPS silt light-weight soil will be synthetically approached, the reasonable estimation method of deformation parameters will be discussed, the related research results above will give a favorable theoretical sustentation for the application and expansion of this environmental protection technique.
Simulation and Analysis of Annual Dynamic Air Conditioning Load for Multi-Zone Building
Authors: Gao Xiao Yun , Guo Chun Mei , Li Jia Wei
Published: June 2014

Applying TRNSYS, this paper introduced a numerical simulation of annual dynamic air conditioning load for the standard floor, the refuge floor and the top floor of a high-rise building in Tianjin. Results suggest that even though the refuge floor and the top floor share similar load characteristics of heating & cooling air-conditioning, they have different load sizes, and the load characteristic of the standard floor is different from them.
Experimenting Mechanism and Material Optimization of Fe-Ni Foam Metal about Suppressing Gas Explosion and Propagation
Authors: Zhang Jin Peng , Wei Chun Rong , Sun Jian Hua , Li Jun , Sun Hai Bo
Published: June 2014

Using self-designed 30cm×30cm gas explosion experiment pipe and data acquisition system, we found Fe-Ni foam metal suppresses better gas explosion. We analyzed mechanism of suppressing gas explosion from material characteristics,. The three-dimensional holing-through structure of foam metal can quench exploding flame and decline exploding shock wave. Foam metal material has dual advantages of material and structure which can suppress transmission of fire and shock wave. Effect on different parameters of Fe-Ni foam metal materials was contrasted from declining overpressure and flame temperature, and suitable Fe-Ni form metal was optimized for engineering application.
Numerical Simulation on the Effect of Compound Roof Separation Position on Bolting Performance
Authors: Liu Ai Qing , Zhang Jian , Cheng Peng , Zhang Yu Hai
Published: June 2014

Prestress is a key parameter in bolting, while the cohesive force of layers in the compound roof strata is low and prone to separation, causing the prestress proliferation very poor. With the method of numerical simulation analysis,the location of separation in compound roof to affect the performance of bolting support was researched. It is concluded the roof separation in the edge of anchorage zone, the prestress field superpose, but is away from the deep surrounding rock and shows poor stability,however the role of cable can make up for the defect of rockbolts support. It has been found the highly prestressed strength bolting system adapts to the compound roof.
Automation of Strength Calculations for Beam Structures
Authors: Chekanin Alexander V.
Published: June 2014

In the article an automation system for analysis of stress-strain state of beam structures is considered. Unlike the finite element method, determining matrices are calculated using the sweep method in the Godunov’s form. Numerical solutions in this case can be gotten with almost any accuracy within accepted hypotheses of mathematical model for object calculation. It is assumed that beam elements can have variable along their axes physical and mechanical characteristics. External loads can also vary along the axes of beams. The paper contains examples that demonstrate the extremely high accuracy of the developed algorithms.
Study on Chloride Ion Migration Characteristics of Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Liu Wen Xian , Tian Cheng Yu
Published: June 2014

experimental research is carried out in this article under typical environmental conditions, by simulating the actual environmental conditions, the migration process and its characteristics in sedimentary distribution of erosion medium such as chloride ion and sulfate ion of self compacting concrete is discussed, ion transfer characteristic and migration model of ionic medium in concrete is established.
Effects of Composts from Co-Composting of Tree Pruning Waste, Cow Dung, and Biomass Fly Ash on Soil Acidity Neutralization and Growth of Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Karnchanawong Somjai , Najarut Yaravee
Published: June 2014

The objective of this research was to determine the application effects of compost produced from tree pruning waste and cow dung amended with biomass fly ash on soil acidity neutralization and Chinese cabbage growth. The acid soils were mixed with six different composts and fly ash, namely, Run 16: soil+composts produced from tree pruning waste, cow dung amended with fly ash ranged from 0% (control) to 4%, 8%, and 12%; Run 5: soil+control compost+fresh fly ash; and Run 6: soil+fresh fly ash. Thereafter, they were cured and placed in ten replicated diameter pots for growing Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). The composite samples of soils during curing and planting were taken and analyzed for their pH, exchangeable hydrogen, and aluminum ions. The height and weight of each vegetable were determined. The results showed that both fly ash and compost can neutralize the acid soil and decrease the quantity of exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions. The maximum growth of the Chinese cabbage was found in the soil mixed with the compost produced from compost mixes amended with 8% fly ash.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin Oxidation to Prepare Aromatic Aldehydes with Activation of Fenton Reagent
Authors: Wu Zhen , Xu Ning , Hu Lei , Dai Ben Lin , Xu Jia Xing
Published: June 2014

Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was prepared and used to converse into aromatic aldehydes by catalytic wet oxidation with activation of Fenton reagent. The results demonstrated that the enzymatic hydrolysis lignin was a suitable raw material for the preparation of aromatic aldehydes. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to obtain the optimum preparation conditions. The effects of activation time, activation temperature, ratio of liquid to solid and pH of the reaction system on the yield of aromatic aldehydes were dealt with in this paper and optimal activation conditions were obtained as followed: the pH of activating reaction system was 4, activation temperature was 60°C, ratio of liquid to solid was 20:1 and activation time was 30 min. The highest yield of 13.74 % was obtained under the optimum conditions.
Numerical Simulation and Bench Test Research of Soot and NOx Emission Performance for Biodiesel Engine
Authors: Zeng Qi
Published: June 2014

Numerical simulation is a new and effective method to study the engine performance. In this paper, combustion model of biodiesel engine is established, and the cylinder pressure, NOx and Soot emission are calculated. The research results indicate that the model established by AVL FIRE software can calculate the biodiesel engine performances accurately, which is an effective way to study engine performances conveniently.
Research on the Processing Methods and Equipments for Densified Biomass Fuel
Authors: Zhang Xia , Cai Zong Shou , Chen Li Hong , Chen Ying
Published: June 2014

Biomass is a kind of clean energy, which is inexhaustible and renewable. Densifying biomass into solid fuel has become one of the most important ways of utilizing biomass as a source of energy, which can overcome the shortcomings of biomass, such as low heat value, small buck density and irregular shape, etc. The main processing methods and equipments for densified biomass fuel were introduced in the paper, including their main components and working principles. The performances comparison between different types of equipment were analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for developing equipments of densified biomass fuel to promote a further development of densified biomass fuel industry in China.
Effect of H3PO4 Pretreatment on Biogas Production of Rice Straw during Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Dai Ben Lin , Zhu An Feng , Mu Fei Hu , Xu Ning , Wu Zhen
Published: June 2014

To improve the gas production ability, relatively low cost H3PO4 was chosen as the pretreating agent in this study. Rice straws were pretreated by four different weight percentages (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) of H3PO4 retting for seven days in an biochemical incubator at (25±1) °C, and the effects with different conditions of H3PO4 pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of rice straws for variation of components and anaerobic digestion performance (under temperature of (35±1) °C) were studied. The results showed that the peak value of biogas production was attained on the 1st day for using 6% H3PO4 pretreatment on rice straw, which is 2284 mL. The test daily methane content of different pretreatment conditions mainly ranges from 3.8% to 43.1%, with the highest recorded at the 12th day of the 2% H3PO4- treated rice straw. The cumulative biogas production of 6% H3PO4 pretreatment was the highest, about 16 474 mL.
Experiments on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw for Biogas Production under NaOH Pretreatment
Authors: Dai Ben Lin , Zhu An Feng , Mu Fei Hu , Xu Ning , Wu Zhen
Published: June 2014

To discuss the effect of NaOH pretreatment technology for biogas production and methane (CH4) content enhancement during the anaerobic digestion of rice straw waste, a self-designed laboratory-scale continuous anaerobic biogas digester was used in this study. Anaerobic biogas slurry, NaOH pretreatment and anaerobic digestion were evaluated for biogas production from rice straw. The results showed that the peak value of biogas production was attained on the 16th day by using 6% NaOH pretreatment on rice straw. However, the highest CH4 content was 60.8% on the 24th day for the 4% NaOH-treated rice straw. The cumulative biogas production of 6% NaOH pretreatment was the highest, about 18 720 mL, which was followed by 8% NaOH (15 057 mL), 4% NaOH (12 103 mL), and 2% NaOH (10 754 mL).
A Study of Combustion and Environments of Biomass Briquettes from Sawdust Mixed with Glycerin
Authors: Sakkampang Chatcharin , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn
Published: June 2014

This study was aimed to investigate the combustion characteristics of briquette fuel produced from sawdust mixed with glycerin. The study compared the combustion temperatures and mass reduction over time during combustion. The environmental impact was also studied by detecting acrolein gas. The experiments were carried out using briquette fuel mixed by sawdust, molass and glycerin of different ratios. The results indicated that increasing of the ratio of glycerin affected on higher combustion temperature, and higher mass reduction. Acrolein gas was found in exhaust at maximum of 48.6 ppm. This quantity of toxic gas was acceptable.
Research on Grid-Connected and Off-Grid Switching Distributed Photovoltaic Power System
Authors: Wen Xian Kui , Xiao Yong , Chen Shi Jun , Liu Jun
Published: June 2014

Photovoltaic power system (PV system) includes grid-connected and off-grid (islanding) types. With the improvement of power supply reliability, it is necessary to provide distributed PV power system with functions of grid-connection and off-grid operation, which as well as being easily switched. This research comparative analyzes on model of AC bus and model of DC bus of grid-connected and off-grid PVsystem and presents the control strategy. In order to safely operate and seamlessly switch grid-connected and off-grid, PV system is furnised constant-power control and constant-voltage frequency control with switching operation. Additionally, the switch junction for off-grid and the public supply system must be connected to the synchronization device for controling system of PV system therefore the PV system can be safely operated and switch from off-grid to grid-connected can be smoothly and rapidly.
International Comparison and Forecast of China Biofuel Production: Based on Hubbert Model
Authors: Li Ming Yu , Zhang Guang Sheng
Published: June 2014

In recent years, China biofuel has been developed rapidly, but still has certain gap with other countries such as U.S. and so on. This paper makes brief comparison of the China’s biofuel production with the U.S. firstly, and finds that smallest gap of biofuel production between two countries happened in 2006, and expands later. In order to judge the production changes of biofuel, the Hubbert model is used to analyze possible trends of the China biofuel production by first generation Secondly, based on the forecast scenarios, which are set according to resources and the technical factors. The results show that production would possibly reach the peak around 66 million barrels in 2025. Finally, this paper compares future Sino-U.S. biofuel production trends, and finds that China’s biofuel production in 2020 would be same as that of the U.S. in 2003.
Study on Coordinated Development between Bio-Energy and Circular Agriculture
Authors: Wang Hou Quan
Published: June 2014

Bio energy and circular agriculture is the hot topic of current research，and they are the main direction of future agricultural development. Based on the study of bio-energy and circular agriculture relations, this paper analyzes the problems in coordinated development of bio-energy and circular agriculture, and then it discusses the measures for coordinated development between bio-energy and circular agriculture from policy, technology and propaganda. This helps to solve the problems of energy shortage, the rural economy development lag and environmental pollution in China.