bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Fields Generated by Optical Coupler Circuits May Also Be Containment Loci for Entanglement of P-N Junction-Plasma Cell Membrane Photons within Exposed Living Systems
Authors: Koren Stanley A. , Bosarge W.E. , Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

The presence of optocouplers, tyristors, Triac switches, and light-emitting diodes within complex electronic circuits that generated magnetic fields within volumes in which living systems are exposed may create the conditions for non-local production of photons within those volumes. Because the power densities of biophotons that mediate inter-cell communication within organisms and potentially control cell proliferation are similar to those for cosmic rays, terrestrial sources of photons, and light emissions during human cognition, this non-locality would involve a field of subtle energies. Calculations show remarkable convergence between current densities and power values within the optocoupler components and the characteristics of photons within conditions that could promote excess correlations and non-locality including the involvement of Casimir forces. Spectral analyses of the computer-generated signals that produced the magnetic field through either the optocoupler or an alternative circuit revealed higher frequency durations in the order of 20 to 40 ms of “absent signals” that could affect the type of base nucleotide sequencing. The quantitative solutions suggest that under certain conditions the four-dimensional magnetic field within which the animal is exposed during effective treatments of anomalous cell proliferation serves as a dynamic “containment” analogous to a coherent domain where photonic patterns between the electronic equipment and living system are coupled.
Study on the Mechanical Properties of Palm Kernel Fibre Reinforced Epoxy and Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) Composite Material
Authors: Obiukwu Osita , Opara Ignatius , Udeani Henry
Published: December 2022

The goal of this paper is to determine the mechanical properties of a proposed combined polymer composite which consist of a poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and palm kernel fibre reinforced with epoxy. The influence of fibres volume on the mechanical properties of the composites was also evaluated. Composites with volumetric amounts of palm kernel fibre up to 12 % were fabricated and they were arranged in randomly oriented discontinues form. Tensile, impact, flexural and hardness tests were carried out to determine the characteristics of material. The acquired results show that the tensile modulus changes with the fibre content. The strength of coconut fibre reinforced composites tends to decrease with the amount of fibre which indicates ineffective stress transfer between the fibre and matrix. When higher fibre content of 10% was used, the damping peak shows the maximum value for almost all the frequency mode. It was observed that the effects of reinforcing poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA matrix with the palm kernel fibres caused the composites to be more flexible and easily deform due to high strain values and reduction of high resonant amplitude. In general, the mechanical properties of the developed composite showed variation at different test performed. This led to the conclusion that the material is most useful were strength to weight ratio is needed. The optimum percentage of fibre in epoxy resin to obtain the highest tensile properties was found at 10 vol. %. It was also found that fibre, dispersion of fibre and interfacial adhesion between fibre–matrix can affect the mechanical properties of the composites.
Synthesis, Complexation, Spectral and Antimicrobial Study of Some Novel 5-Bromo-2-Fluorobenzaldehydeoxime
Authors: Kumar K. , Santhi N.
Published: December 2022

In this newly approached method a novel series of Transition metal complexes were synthesized by the reaction of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (1) react with hydroxylamine in ethanolic solution at room temperature. Mononuclear complexes were synthesized by reaction with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II) chloride salts. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, Ultraviolet, Infrared and 1HNMR spectral studies. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its metal complexes were estimated.
Effect on Magnetic Properties of Zinc Doped Nano Ferrites Synthesized by Precursor or Method
Authors: Anjaneyulu T. , Murthy P. Narayana , Rafi S.M. , Bademiya S. , Samuel John G.
Published: December 2022

Nanocrystalline Cu-Zn ferrites have been synthesized using precursor method. Cu-Zn ferrites were formed at low temperature without any impurities. The particle sizes were observed to decrease from 60 nm to 50 nm with increasing non-magnetic Zn doping. Cu is used to decrease the sintering temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR analysis of Cu-Zn revealed the formation of Single-Phase Spinel structure at very low annealing temperature. The particle sizes observed from XRD is very well in agreement with SEM analysis. Cu-Zn ferrite nanoparticles were observed to be dependent on the particle size. Saturation (Ms) and Remanence (Mr) magnetization of ferrites increases due to the modifications occurred among the A-B, A-A and B-B interactions of Spinel structure. The Coercive force (Hc) decreases with increase of Zn ions concentration.
Photoluminescence in Analysis of Surface and Interfaces of Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Islam Md Mahfujul
Published: December 2022

The intensity and excitation energy is chosen for different materials to probe different regions and excitations concentrations in the sample. The intensity of the PL signal provides information on the quality of surfaces and interfaces. Also, information on the electronic bands structure and the SC Energy gap can be obtained, as well as thermodynamics quantities such as temperature. For this experiment we just compared the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) with different well widths (100 Å and 85 Å) and InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) structures as well as the theoretical aspects were covered. The sample are held in a cryostat and excited by a Helium-Neon laser. The emitted light is then captured by an optical fiber plugged to a spectrometer The optical fibre is plugged to a spectrometer equipped with a CCD detector, driven by a computer allowing us to acquire data. And this was used to avoid interaction between charge carriers and thermally excited phonons, it was used cryogenic temperature around 2k to cool the sample. simply with the theoretical models this experiement allows to collect numerous information about the lowest band to band transition in semiconductor materials.and for quantum dots which was the last sample in this study couldn’t be resolved individually.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper as Copper Piperazine
Authors: Kavitha Ch. , Babu M. Sarath , Saraswathi K.
Published: December 2022

Spectrophotometric method for determination of Cu(II) in the trace quantities was developed by using piperazine as ligand in ammonium acetate medium. The Procedure developed was applied for the estimation Cu(II) in microgram quantities in the samples of alloys and the method was found to be simple, rapid and comparable to routine analytical methods for trace level analysis of metal ions in environmental samples in any laboratory where sophisticated and expensive instruments are not available. UV visible spectrophotometer is cost effective and available in almost all laboratories. The complexes of piperazine in aqueous solutions are not reported so far and this is the first attempt in this area of spectrophotometric analysis.
Enormous Eruption of 2.2 X-Class Solar Flares on 10th June 2014
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

The observational of active region emission of the Sun contain an critical answer of the time-dependence of the underlying heating mechanism. In this case, we investigate an X2.2 solar flare from a new Active Region AR2087 on the southeast limb of the Sun. The solar flare peaked in the X-rays is around 11:42 UT. It was found that the snapshot of this event from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) channel with the GOES X-ray plot overlayed. The flare is very bright causes by a diffraction pattern. We explore a parameter space of heating and coronal loop properties. Based on the wavelength, it shows plasma around 6 million Kelvin. At the same time, data from the NOAA issued an R3 level radio blackout, which is centered on Earth where the Sun is currently overhead at the North Africa region. This temporary blackout is caused by the heating of the upper atmosphere from the flare. The blackout level is now at an R1 and this will soon pass. Other than the temporary radio blackout for high frequencies centered over Africa this event will not have a direct impact on us. Until now, we await more data concerning a possible Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) but anything would more than likely not head directly towards Earth. An active region AR2087 just let out an X1.5 flare peaking at 12:52 UT. This shows plasmas with temperatures up to about 10 Million Kelvin. This event is considered one of the massive eruption of the Sun this year.
Growth, Structural and Optical Properties of DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtered TixSi1-xO2 Thin Films
Authors: Addepalli Suresh , Suda Uthanna
Published: December 2022

Thin films of TixSi1-xO2 were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti80Si20 composite target at different oxygen flow rates. The deposited films were characterized for their chemical composition and core level binding energies using X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, surface morphology with scanning electron microscope, optical absorption with spectrophotometer and refractive index by ellipsometer. The thickness of the deposited films was 100 nm. The oxygen content in the films increased with increase of oxygen flow rate. Films with Ti0.7Si0.3O2 were achieved at oxygen flow rates ≥ 8 sccm. X-ray diffraction studies indicated the grown of amorphous films. X-ray photoelectron spectra of the films showed the characteristic core level binding energies of TixSi1-xO2. Optical band gap of the films decreased from 4.15 to 4.07 eV with increase of oxygen flow rate from 2 sccm to 10 sccm respectively.
Hydrophilic Modified Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Clay on Thermal and Vibrational Properties
Authors: Kishore A. , Venkatesh D.B. , Kumar M. Ashok , Ramesh A. , Murthy K. Nikil , Karthikeyan N.
Published: December 2022

Epoxy (LY-556/HY-951) system filled with modified clay (MC) was synthesized by using mechanical shear mixing with the addition of hardener as tri-ethylene-tetra-amine (TETA). The effect of the fumed silica can be negated by the application of a shear force (e.g. mixing, brushing, spraying etc), allowing the liquid to flow, level out and permit the escape of entrapped air. The reinforcement effects of MC in the epoxy polymer on thermal, mechanical and vibration properties were studied. Curing study shows that the addition MC does not show any effect in the curing behavior of epoxy polymer. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) shows enhanced thermal stability for epoxy with MC fillers. The epoxy with MC fillers shows considerable improvement on tensile and impact properties over pure epoxy polymer. SEM studies shows that addition of clay significantly turns the epoxy system from brittle to ductile nature was played instrumental in scaling performance. The improvement in tensile and impact properties of nanocomposites is supported with the fracture surface studies. Epoxy with MC fillers shows enhanced vibration characteristics than that of the pure epoxy polymer. FTIR studies indicated the formation of C-H bonds on the surface of the nanocomposites.
Ion Exchange Equilibrium Studies of Uni-Univalent H+/Na+ and Uni-Bivalent H+/Mg2+ Ion Exchange Reactions Using Nuclear Grade Resin Indion-223
Authors: Singare Pravin U. , Mohammed Akmal L. Khan , Dixit N.N.
Published: December 2022

In the present investigation the uni-univalent and uni-bivalent ion exchange reactions were studied using nuclear grade anion exchange resin Indion-223 in H+ form. It was observed that for H+/Na+ uni-univalet ion exchange reaction, with rise in temperature the equilibrium constants K values increases from 0.01389 to 0.01855. Similarly increase in K values was observed from 0.000177 to 0.000333 for H+/Mg2+ uni-bivalet ion exchange reaction. The increase in equilibrium constant values with rise in temperature indicate endothermic ion exchange reactions having the enthalpy change values of 25.55 and 51.46 kJ/ mol respectively. It is expected that the present study will provide valuable information in order to decide about the selection of those resins for efficient separation of various ionic species present in the industrial waste water effluents.
Investigation of Chemical Composition, Characterization and Determination of Biodiesel Content for the Oil Extracted from Waste Coffee Residue of Different Varieties of Coffee Beans Grown in Yirgachefie, Kocherea and Yirgalem Using Homogeneous Catalysis and Comparing it with Fossil Fuels
Authors: Hiwot Tsegay
Published: December 2022

Due to rapid population growth and development in the world there is high energy demand, energy consumption, sharp decline in petro fuels reserves, and greater environmental problems, as a result of using petroleum diesel constrained mankind to investigate newer and renewable feed stocks for liquid transportation fuels from vegetable oils by transesterification reaction. In this study oil of waste coffee residue of yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea (chellelleqtu) weredas were selected as potential raw from indigenous species for biodiesel production. Oil was extracted using n-hexane as a solvent from waste coffee residue of yirga chefie, yirgalem and kocherea weredas. The oil contents for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kocherea were 16.67% w/w, 19.7 % w/w and 16.9% w/w respectively. Transesterification were carried out for all oils using methanol in the presence of acidic and basic catalysts to produce biodiesel. The fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel prepared from the oil extracted from three waste coffee residues were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. Based on GC-MS analysis their chemical compositions were 37.7 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 41 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 13.5 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 8.5 wt. % methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgachefie, 35.90 wt.% methyl palmitate (C16:0), 38.28 wt. % methyl linoleate (C18:2), 16.42 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 9.40 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for kocherea and 26.62 wt. % methyl palmitate (C16:0), 35.18 wt.% methyl linoleate (C18:2), 19.72 wt. % methyl oleate (C18:1) and 18.48 wt.% methyl stearate (C18:0) for yirgalem. In addition to this the variables that affect the amount of methyl ester yield were determined and an optimum of 94.7 %, 95.84 and 94.56 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion were obtained at a methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0 % mass NaOH, 65 °C reaction temperature and 3 hour reaction time for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively. The energy content of the oil and biodiesel were 38, 36.2, 37 MJ/Kg and 38.68, 38, 41 MJ/ Kg for yirgachefie, yirgalem and kochera respectively which is determined by bomb calorimeter. Other physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined and all these lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards except acidic value. Therefore, coffee seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative energy resource in diesel engine.
Optimization of Multiple Roughness Characteristics for Turning of AISI 1040 Steel under Different Cutting Conditions
Authors: Haque Tanveer , Kumar Shubham , Upadhaya Devjyoti , Barman Manik , Mukhopadhyay Arkadeb
Published: December 2022

The present work aims to optimize multiple roughness characteristics i.e. centre line average, root mean square and mean line peak spacing roughness parameters for AISI 1040 medium carbon steel for turning operation. The turning parameters considered are feed rate, depth of cut and cutting condition and are varied at three different levels. Since the present investigation considers three process parameters at three different levels, the combinations laid down in Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is employed to carry out the experiments. Grey relational analysis is used for the optimization. Optimal surface roughness is achieved for a depth of cut of 0.4 mm, feed rate of 0.07 mm/rev and under water cooled cutting condition. Analysis of variance revealed the highest contribution from feed rate in controlling the surface roughness.
The Effect of Silicon Orientation on Thickness and Chemical Bonding Configuration of SiOxNy Thin Films
Authors: Ismael M.M.
Published: December 2022

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Capacitance-Voltage measurements are used to characterize the chemical bonding configuration and crystallographic orientations for SiOxNy thin films grown by glass assisted CO2 laser. FTIR spectra detected the Si-O and Si-N strongest absorption bands are close to each other at wave number in the range (700-1000 cm-1) depending on silicon substrates, and Si-O stretching bond at wave number around (~1088.285 cm-1) with a FWHM of 73.863 cm-1 for the two samples, the presences of hydrogen impurities like Si-H and N-H in the films were also identified and calculated. From C-V measurement film thickness were calculated and found to be 19.2 and 17.2 nm for SiOxNy/Si(111) and SiOxNy/Si(100) respectively. From the flat band voltage of -5.4 and -1.3 measured the two samples, their interface trap densities were found to be 1.4 × 1013 and 1.57 × 1013 ev-1·cm-2 respectively.
Photochemical Studies of Solanum melangena (Eggplant) Fruit by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Persid Rayann , Verma Vishwa Nath
Published: December 2022

Solanum melangena (eggplant) belongs to Solanaceae family. The common name of this fruiand the plant is the same. It has different names in different countries such as eggplant, brinjal, baigan,balangie etc. Eggplant has been reported as a healthiest fruit due to the chemical constituents. Theshape, size and colour of the fruits are also different. The genetically engineered eggfruits are also available. Some research works on eggplant are reported in different countries for different purposes.The present study has been taken into an account for the chemical elements present in flesh, skin andthe seeds of eggplant grown in the soil and environmental conditions of Guyana. The investigation bythe flame atomic absorption photometry shows the presence of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb and Zn at a varying concentrations in flesh, skin and seeds. In general the presence of calcium and magnesium as the higher values out of which concentration of calcium is 1366mg/kg in skin and magnesium as 2466 mg/Kg in seed.
Inhibitive Effect of Costus afer Extracts on Mild Steel Corrosion in Acidic Medium
Authors: Nnanna Lebe A. , John Wisdom O. , Esihe Tochukwu E. , Denkoro Kelechi C. , Okparaku Victor I. , Uchendu Kings O.
Published: December 2022

Inhibition effect of Costusafer on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl was studied using gravimetric method at room temperature. It was found out that Costusafer inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acidic environment and that the efficiency of inhibition increased as the concentration of the inhibitor in the environment increased. The data was used to test different isotherms and it suited the Langmuir isotherm. A value of -15.995 kJmol-1 was gotten for the ∆Goads. This value showed that the extracts of Costusafer inhibited the corrosion process through physiosorption mechanism. The high value of inhibition efficiency of the extract as the concentration increased in rationalized in terms of the increase in herteroatoms, saponnins and tannins which are present in the extract.
Synthesis, Characterization of Biologically Potent Novel Chalcones Bearing Urea, Thiourea and Acetamide Linkages
Authors: Mewada Nirali S. , Shah Dhruvin R. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: December 2022

Three series of some novel chalcone based urea, thiourea and acetamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial and antifungal activities. All the synthesized compounds are first reported. The structures of the compounds were elucidated with the aid of elemental analysis and spectral methods including IR, 1H-NMR spectral data. The prepared compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenus), two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli). The title compounds were also investigated for their antifungal activity using the broth micro dilution method. The bioassay results showed that compounds a few compounds showed good to superior in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Chemical Composition of Marrubium Vulgare l. Essential Oil from Algeria
Authors: Abadi Abderazak , Hassani Aicha
Published: December 2022

The chemical constituants of the essential oil from aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare, collected in Algeria, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield of the dried plant aerial parts, obtained by hydrodistillation, was 0.04% (w/w). 50 compounds, accounting for 82.46% of the oil, were identified. The major constituants were: 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyl heptadecan-4-olid (16.97%), Germacrene D-4-ol (9.61%), α-pinéne (9.37%) Phytol (4.87%), Dehydro-sabina ketone (4.12 %), Piperitone (3.27%), δ – Cadinene (3.13%), 1-Octen-3-ol (2.35%) and Benzaldehyde (2.31%).
Cephradine Intercalated Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md , Riyadh Nashid Kaisher , Mustary Nusrat , Md Shamsuddin Sayed
Published: December 2022

Engineered advanced functional materials are promising candidates for biotechnology and biomedical science. Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH), anionic or hydrotalcite-like clays consist of positively charged layers and exchangeable anions along with water molecules in the interlayer space were synthesized from homogeneous solution of MgCl2 and AlCl3 by urea induced co-precipitation method. A pharmaceutically important drug, cephradine was intercalated with synthesized LDH in alkali media (pH 10) by in-situ technique. Characterizations of the products were carried out using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra-red (ATR-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Scanning electron morphological images envisaged a distinct crystalline and amorphous phases of Mg-Al LDH before and after modification with cephradine. Intercalation of bioactive molecules with LDH would enhance their stability providing sustained release behavior in physiological environment.
Receiving and the Capacitive Profile of the Capacitors Arrangements on the Base of Butadiene-Styrene Rubber with the Addition of CuCl2 or ZnCl2 and the Active Carbon
Authors: Borowski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

In an easy way presented, how to receive cheap capacitive materials with changeable capacitance depending on demand. The examination of capacitive properties has been determined in temperature of 20 °C. Average range of the capacitance oscillated between 1 and 9 F/g. The capacitive arrangements were marked on the arrangements with resistors and the decades capacitors.
Change in Entropy of the Spinning Black Holes
Authors: Mahto Dipo , Singh Amresh Kumar , Vineeta Kumari , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2022

Aims: To derive an expression for change in entropy of spinning black holes on the basis of the model for the energy of spinning black holes ( Mahto et al. 2011a) & the model for entropy change ( Mahto et al. 2011b) and then calculate their values for different test spinning black holes. Study Design: Data for the mass of black holes have collected from the research paper entitled :Super massive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past Present & Future Research(2005), Space Science Reviews by L. Ferrarese & H. Ford and Black holes in Astrophysics(2005), New Journal Physics by R. Narayan. The data for black hole constant for spinning black holes () is taken from the paper entitled: Study of Schwarzschild radius with reference to the spinning black holes. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences (2011a). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Marwari College Bhagalpur and University Department of Physics, T.M.B.U. Bhagalpur, between December 2013 and March 2014. Methodology: A theoretical based work using Laptop to calculate the calculation for change in entropy of different test spinning black holes at Marwari College Bhagalpur and the residential research chamber of the first author. Results: The calculation shows that the change in entropy of spinning black holes of the rest masses for stellar – mass black holes (M ~ 5 ­ 20 Mʘ) in X-ray binaries is to J/K and for the super massive black holes (M ~ 106 – 109.5 Mʘ) in active galactic nuclei is to J/K. The nature of the graph for XRBs is the same to the Hawking entropy with the event horizon and straight line for AGN which confirms the validity of equations and . Conclusion: The change in energy and entropy of black holes are mainly dependent on the mass and independent of their event horizons.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of N-(Ferrocenylmethyl)Aminobenzonitrile and N-(Ferrocenylmethyl)Nitroaniline Derivatives
Authors: Boubekri Chérifa , Khelef Abdehamid , Terki Belgacem , Lanez Touhami
Published: December 2022

Seven novel ferrocene derivatives containing (methylamino)benzonitrile and N-methylnitroaniline groups (3a-3f and 4) have been synthesized by conventional methods and characterized by FT-IR, NMR and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds (3a-3f) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile/0.1 M TBAP. The ferrocenyl group in all compounds showed similar reversible one-electron redox process, suggesting that the ferrocene moieties are equivalent and that there are no interactions among them. The formal potential, , is shifted to the more positive potential, indicating that the (methylamino)benzonitrile and N-methylnitroaniline introduced to ferrocene moiety exercise an electron-withdrawing effect.
Structural and Optical Properties of Mn-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by SILAR Method
Authors: Karunakaran Marimuthu , Maheswari S. , Kasirajan Kasinathan , Dinesh Raj Sivaji , Chandramohan Rathinam
Published: December 2022

The growth of highly textured Mn doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with a preferred (002) orientation has been reported by employing successive ionic layer growth by adsorption reaction (SILAR) using a sodium zincate bath on glass substrates has been reported. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurement. The XRD analysis reveals that the films were polycrystalline. Morphology of the films was found to be uniform with smaller grains and exhibits a structure with porous. The calculated Band gap value was found to be 3.21 eV prepared at 15 mM MnSO4 concentration.
Galilei was Wrong: Angular Nonradial Effects of Radial Gravity Depend on Density of Matter
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

Although in mathematical sense the actual meaning of Galilei's experiments conducted at leaning tower of Pisa is that he failed to detect any measurable impact of composition of matter on gravitating bodies, the obvious failure is mistakenly interpreted as experimental confirmation of lack of the impact instead. Galilei did not really perform internal validity checks of his experiments, because he did not ensure that he actually measured what he was supposed to measure. However, a modern experiment devised to test the impact of large mass on gravitational phenomena has revealed presence of (formerly unanticipated) extraneous frequency decrease in rays coming from Taurus A, when they passed close to our Sun (i.e. near occultation). The experiment has effectively confirmed that density of matter of the mass source of locally dominant gravitational field (which was our Sun‟s field) affects gravitational interactions happening on equipotential surfaces surrounding gravity center of the field. Also very similar experiment involving radio waves, which too exhibited (formerly unexpected) frequency decrease when they traveled along practically equipotential surface of Earth, has reaffirmed that conclusion. Hence contrary to Galilei, effects of nonradial (i.e. tangential and/or binormal) components of radial gravitational force fields depend (inversely) on (equipotential exposure to) the, assumed as practically constant and uniformly distributed, density of matter of the mass source of the local field.
Benzenesulfonylation of Methyl α-D-Glucopyranoside: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Screening
Authors: Kawsar Sarkar M.A. , Nishat Samia S.B.S. , Manchur Mohammad A. , Ozeki Yasuhiro
Published: December 2022

A novel series of benzenesulfonyl derivatives of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (1) were synthesized by reacting benzenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine followed by direct acylation method to yield 6-O-benzenesulfonyl derivative (2). In order to obtain newer products for antibacterial evaluation studies, the 6-O-benzenesulfonyl derivative was further transformed to a series of 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl derivatives (3-11) containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. All the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. These newly synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against some human pathogenic bacterial strains. The study revealed that the acylated products exhibit moderate to good antibacterial activities. It was interesting to observe that the selected compounds were more sensitive against Gram-Ve bacteria than that of the Gram-+Ve bacterial strains.
Radioisotopic Tracer Technique for Characterization of Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Grade Ion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810
Authors: Singare Pravin U.
Published: December 2022

In the present paper 82Br radioactive tracer isotopes was used for characterization of nuclear and non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810 respectively. The bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions were performed by equilibrating 1.000 g of conditioned resins in bromide form with labeled bromide ion solution of different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.004 M, in the temperature range of 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The resins were characterized by comparing the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of bromide ion exchanged (mmol) and percentage of bromide ions exchanged under identical experimental conditions. It was observed that the above values decrease with rise in temperature and increases with increase in concentration of labeled bromide ion solution. From the experimental values of specific reaction rate, amount and percentage of bromide ions exchanged, it was observed that Tulsion A-23 resins are superior to Indion-810 resins under identical experimental conditions.
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of 5-Aryl Amido-6-Isopropyl-2-(Mercapto/Hydroxy)-4-[(4′-Difluoro Methoxy) (3′-Hydroxy) Phenyl]-1,4-Dihydro Pyrimidine
Authors: Bhadani Vijay N. , Patel Piyush A. , Purohit Heta D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

Various isopropylacetoacetanilides were treated with 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-hydroxy benzaldehyde and thiourea/urea in the presence of acid catalyst to produce the 1,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives (4a-5i and 5a-5i) with good yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by mass, 1H-NMR and IR spectrum, also evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity against two Gram +ve and two Gram-ve bacterial and fungi strains. The compounds 4e, 4g and 5d were found comparatively promising active against all the bacterial and fungal strains.
Activity of Total Alkaline Phosphatase in Water of the Barlinek Lake of 2009 - 2012
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

To estimate differentiation of activity of total alkaline phosphatase in water of the Barlinek Lake, in time April - October of 2009 - 2012. Studies upon water revealed that, among the zones analyzed, upper sublittoral layer was characterized by the highest phosphatase activity. From the analysis of seasonal oscillations it follows that activity maximum for alkaline phosphatase, both in water, occurred in July 2009.
Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-Chemical Indicators of Water and Bottom Macrofauna the Starzyc Lake on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Konieczny Ryszard
Published: December 2022

Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.70 to 7.74. All lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive have been included in the first class. Studies have shown a diverse water quality in lakes in relation to tested indicators. By analyzing the average annual values can be noted that the pH of the water, the O2diss and the concentration of NH4+, NO2ˉ, NO3ˉ, PO43-diss showed a relatively small variation in all investigated Lakes. The level of the total suspended solids in Starzyc lake the peasant was on level II class. The concentration in the surface layer of Ptot. Lake is little differentiated, is at level II and III quality class according to the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In the case of nitrogen-compounds nitrates and nitrites values for these indicators were at level I and II class in all the surveyed lakes in accordance with the classification of the European Union Water Framework Directive. In 2008 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100 %), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100 %). However Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25 %. In 2009 attendance related macrofauna test bed showed that the most common they were mud-eating and larvae chironomids, oligochaeta (F = 100 %), which consisted of Tischlera classification of the species is absolutely solid. Among larvae of Chironomidae the species is absolutely integral were Chironomus f. l. plumosus (F = 100 %). However Asellus aquaticus Racov. and Chaoborus sp. belong to the accesoric species. Other designated species of fauna were accidental species of benthic (F) = 25 %. Fauna of the Starzyc Lake bottom during summer stagnation was poor in terms of quality, which proves its considerable biological degradation. In terms of the concentration in the test macrozoobenthos Lake dominated and Oligochaeta, Diptera larvae.
Sources of Uncertainty for the Determination of Chlorpyrifos by Gas Chromatography Equipped with Flame Photometric Detector
Authors: Zalat O.A. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Fayed M.S. , Megid M.K. Abd El Megid
Published: December 2022

Analysts are increasingly being required to evaluate the uncertainty associated with methods. Estimating the uncertainty of an analytical result is an essential part of quantitative analysis. This paper discusses the sources of uncertainty of chlorpyrifos determination by gas chromatography equipped with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). The analysis was performed on HP-5 MS, 30 m x 0.32 mm capillary column with a 0.25 μm stationary film thickness using ultra pure nitrogen (99.9999%) as a carrier gas at 25 psi constant pressure. The method has been optimized. Factors affecting quantization of chlorpyrifos such as injector temperature, carrier gas inlet pressure, air to hydrogen ratios and initial temperature program have been studied to get the best sensitivity, minimum delectability. The liner range of the detector was from 0.15 ng/ml to 1200 ppm, the minimum detection limit was 0.15 ng/ml and the relative standard deviation was 0.839.
Synthesis and Biological Screening of 3-Aryl-5-[(4′-Difluoromethoxy)(3′-Hydroxy)Phenyl]-4,5-Dihydro Isoxazole
Authors: Bhadani V.N. , Purohit H.D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

Isoxazoline derivatives shows various types of therapeutic activities like antimicrobial[1], anti-inflammatory[2], anticonvulsant[3], Hypoglycemic[4] etc. getting to synthesized in view of 3-Aryl-5-[(4′-difluoromethoxy)(3′-hydroxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro isoxazole (4a-4i) have been synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, M. luteus (Gram-positive bacteria), E. coli, S. thyphi (Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans (Fungi). The biological activities (MIC) of the synthesized compounds were compared with known standard drugs.
Lorentz Transformation in Super System and in Super System of Photon
Authors: Das Mukul Chandra , Misra Rampada
Published: December 2022

Lorentz transformation considers that relative velocity of the frame of references in inertialsystem is less than the velocity of light. If it be such that a frame is moving with velocity same as thatof light with respect to a frame of observer then, Lorentz transformation in it will not be same as donein inertial system. Again photon is not only a particle or wave but it is a complex system due to thefact that it possesses spin and linear motion simultaneously. So, it will have some complexcharacteristics. In this work first, trial would be made to find out the process of Lorentztransformation in between two frames having relative velocity same as that of light and then, thisconcept, would be applied in the system of photon.
Building a New Software of Electromagnetic Lenses (CADTEL)
Authors: Hasan Hussain S.
Published: December 2022

The Computer Aided designing Tools for Electromagnetic Lenses (CADTEL) is a new software as application package of programs concept to aid both users and professionals in symmetric and asymmetric electromagnetic lenses with single, double, and multipole piece in electron microscope of electron optics field. The CADTEL software has been designed to run on several computer platforms and includes two types of design procedure. The first one named, analysis procedure (which is based on trial and error) where consist of three sorts called; H1 programs for magnetic scalar potential by solving Laplace's equation [1,2], H2 and H3 programs for magnetic vector potential by solving Poisson's equation [3,4] in linear and non linear media respectively. While the second part, named H4 programs for the synthesis procedure (inverse design). The previous types differ by the obtaining the magnetic flux density, and poles shape, while it is analog by compute and plot the lens properties which are operating at zero, low, high, and infinite magnification conditions (operation modes). CADTEL software consist of computational and plot steps of magnetic field, equipotential surfaces, flux lines, objective and projector properties, and poles shape for proposed lens design which are appear in auto visual interfaces, that are coded in visual basic language [5].
Spectral and Microbial Studies of some Newly Synthesized Schiff Base Derivatives of 2-(1H-Benzo[d]Oxazole-2-ylthio)-N-(4-Acetylphenyl)Acetamide
Authors: Maru J.J. , Patel G.R. , Yadav Rakesh
Published: December 2022

The author has synthesized novel biological active compounds by condensation of N-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-2-(benzooxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide with defferent substituted of acid hydrazide in the presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid. A series of benzoxazole having azomethine group were confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. The new compounds were examined for antibacterial effects again different strain of bacteria and antifungal were high to lowest Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values.
Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Bottom Sediments of Rusalka Lake in the City of Szczecin
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

Have studied lake close to neutral pH 7.75 to 7.62. Aquatic waters are order - phosphorus and nitrogen compounds. Level of activity alkaline phosphatase (APA) has an important impact on the chemical and biological processes taking place in the aquatic environment. APA belongs to a group of indicators, who tells us about the extent limitations to development of biomass in the tank water. Water of Rusalka lake were the subjects of 2008-2012 (July – September). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the bottom sediment, occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August).
Studies on Pollution due to Discharge of Effluent from Pharmaceutical Industries of Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to pharmaceutical based industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentration level of majority of toxic heavy metals like Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe and Zn were found to be maximum of 14.06, 0.57, 0.42, 18.93 and 3.31 ppm respectively in the month of February, while Ni concentration was found to be maximum of 0.43 ppm in the month of June. The pH and BOD values were reported to be maximum of 12.54 and 546 ppm respectively in the month of October. The conductivity and total solid content was found to be maximum of 27400 µmhos/cm and 9401 ppm respectively in the month of June. The cyanide content was maximum of 0.13 ppm in the month of April. The alkalinity, hardness, salinity, chloride, phosphate and COD content was reported maximum of 852, 694, 10.36, 4821, 46.32 and 1271 ppm respectively in the month of February. The DO content was found to be minimum of 3.00 ppm in the month of February. It was observed that the level of many of these toxic heavy metals except Zn and various physico-chemical parameters were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. From the results of the present investigation it seems that the time has come to move towards ecosystem specific discharge standards to maintain the health and productivity of natural resources on which the majority of Indians are dependent
A Rapid, Convient and Diversified-Multicomponent Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrano[2,3-b]Indoles
Authors: Ghodasara H.B. , Singala P.M. , Shah Viresh H.
Published: December 2022

A series of pyrano[2,3-b]indoles, was efficiently synthesized via one-pot, multi component reaction (MCRs) of 1,3-bifunctional synthon(malononitrile/ethylcyano acetate), aromatic aldehydes and oxiindole in the presence of various basic catalyst. The key advantages of this process are high yields, shorter reaction times, easy work-up, and purification of products by non-chromatographic method.
Heavy Metal Content in Water of Bhavan’s College Lake of Andheri, Mumbai
Authors: Singare P.U. , Talpade M.S. , Dagli D.V. , Bhawe V.G.
Published: December 2022

The present research work deals with the quantification of toxic heavy metals in the water samples collected from Lake of the Bhavan’s College campus of Andheri, Mumbai. The results of the present investigation indicates that yearly average concentration of toxic heavy metals like Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe and Hg was 0.16, 5.56, 2.09, 5.19 and 0.02 ppm respectively which were very much above their permissible limits set for inland surface water, while the yearly average concentration of Ni was found to be 2.76 ppm which was close to the maximum limit of 3.0 ppm. The results of the present investigation points out the need to implement common objectives, compatible policies and programs for improvement in treatment facilities for the treatment of discharged sewage and laboratory effluents.
Investigation of Drift Rate of Solar Radio Burst Type II due to Coronal Mass Ejections Phenomenon
Authors: Zainol N.H. , Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Arifin S. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

The formation of detected solar radio burst type II occurred was captured using Compound Astronomical Low Cost Frequency Spectrometer Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) system which gives a better resolution of a wonderful image than other countries. The phenomenon was found on 2nd November 2014 at 09:39 [UT] in Switzerland. CALLISTO spectrometer device detects and traces a Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) phenomenon that causes the occurrence of the solar burst type II. As it happened, the drift rate of the solar radio burst Type II is calculated and discussed in details. Plasma frequency (fp), Langmuir waves and type II radiation relates each other in the establishment of this phenomenon. This paper presents a study of drift rate selected event of solar radio burst type II based on CMEs. The drift rate at this moment was about 3.2 MHz/s which has low drift rate thus the velocity OF THE CMEs was just about 695 km/s shown from NOAA.
Semiconductor MgTiO3, MgTi2O5 and Mg2TiO4 Double-Oxide Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ishii Natsumi , Okamoto Yuji , Suzuki Yoshikazu
Published: December 2022

MgTiO3, MgTi2O5 and Mg2TiO4 were examined as DSC electrodes to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. MgCO3 (basic) and TiO2 powders (nominally, Mg:Ti = 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 in mole fraction) were wet-ball milled in ethanol for 24 h. The mixed powders were calcined in air at 1100 °C for 2 h to obtain the MgTiO3 and MgTi2O5 powders, and at 1300 °C for 2 h to obtain the Mg2TiO4 powder. Single-phase MgTiO3, MgTi2O5 and Mg2TiO4 powders were successfully synthesized. Although the DSC performance was not as high as expected, all samples were functioned as DSC.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Thymus algeriensis Boiss, North Algeria
Authors: Hamza Ouakouak , Fahima Abdellatif , Hassani Aicha
Published: December 2022

The leaves of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. collected from middle-North of Algeria (Sidi Aissa, M'sila). Essential oil from the stem bark of Algerian species of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. of the family of Lamiaceae was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clavenger apparatus, possessed an essential oil in 1.3 % (v/w) yield. GC and GC/MS analysis were carried out on the essential oil and was found to contain Seventy-one compounds, representing 95.99 % (area percent) of the total oil composition. Oil was rich in Oxygenated Monoterpenes (45.14 %), exhibited higher percentage of Camphor (22.60 %) followed by Camphene (12.78 %), Borneol (11.16 %), 1,8-Cineole (5.94 %), Acorenone (5.84 %) and α-Pinene (5.01 %). The principal constituents are hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, esters and aldehydes. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was investigated by measuring the decrease in absorption at 517 nm of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The oil exhibited weak antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging bioassay (IC50 = 83.8 mg/ml).
Photophysics of Caffeic, Ferulic and Sinapic Acids with α- and β-Cyclodextrins: Spectral and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Rajendiran N. , Mohandoss T. , Thulasidhasan J.
Published: December 2022

Encapsulation of caffeic acid (CAA), ferulic acid (FEA) and sinapic acid (SIA) molecules with α-CD and β-CD was studied by UV-visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence and molecular modelling techniques. This analysis reports the probing of cyclodextrin (CD) cavities with the help of dual emission properties of the above hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) in aqueous solution. The normal Stokes shifted bands originated from the locally excited state and the large Stokes shifted bands due to the emission from an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state were observed. The ratio of the TICT emission to the normal emission increased with α-CD and β-CD concentration. CD studies indicates (i) HCAs forms 1:1 inclusion complex and (ii) acrylic group present in the interior part of the CD cavity and OH/OCH3 groups present in the upper part of the CD cavity. pH studies suggest proton transfer reactions follow the same trend in these molecules. A mechanism is proposed to explain the inclusion process. PM3 optimizations were also carried out to assign the encapsulation of the HCA molecules.