bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Facial Fillers on Post-rhinoplasty edema: A Hypothesis Based on Literature Review
Authors: Maamari Salwa Al , Vansteelant Géraldine , Appan Shirrushtii , D'Souza Alwyn R.
Published: November 2024

The quest to achieve younger and media-driven facial aesthetics has resulted in an exponential increase in the use of facial fillers. Inevitably, this has meant that it is now commonplace for facial plastic surgeons to have patients with fillers in the face. In the senior author's experience (A.R.D.), it was observed that patients with facial fillers experienced persistent edema post-rhinoplasty. It was, therefore, hypothesized that this prolonged edema may be related to fillers affecting the lymphatic drainage impacting postoperative edema following facial surgery.

This article aims to gather evidence from wider literature to support the hypothesis that fillers do indeed compromise lymphatic drainage. A narrative literature review was performed using selective articles on fillers and post-rhinoplasty edema. A methodological analysis was then followed to develop a standard theory characterized through the discussion.

It is theorized that due to their hydrophilic characteristics, hardness, volume, and backflow phenomena, hyaluronic acid fillers can lead to prolonged edema. In addition, they can either directly block or indirectly exert pressure on the lymphatic pathways and hinder drainage.

The research findings support the hypothesis that facial fillers impact postoperative facial edema. Further research is required to objectively measure the effect of fillers on facial lymphatic drainage.

The level of evidence is IV.
Management of the Expected Difficult Airway with Planned One-Lung Ventilation: A Retrospective Analysis of 44 Cases
Authors: Irouschek Andrea , Schmidt Joachim , Ackermann Andreas , Moritz Andreas , Trufa Denis I. , Sirbu Horia , Golditz Tobias
Published: November 2024

Background Difficult airway management is essential in anesthesia practice. Particular challenges are posed to patients who require intraoperative one-lung ventilation. Specific guidelines for these scenarios have been lacking. The recent update of German guidelines incorporates recommendations for securing the airway in anticipated difficult airway scenarios in patients requiring one-lung ventilation. However, scientific data on this specific topic is rare.

Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation from 2016 to 2021. During these years, the standard of practice has been in line with the now published guidelines. Patients with anticipated difficult airways were identified, and airway management strategies were analyzed.

Results Among 3,197 anesthetic procedures, 44 cases involved anticipated difficult airways, primarily due to prior head and neck tumor treatment. Nasal bronchoscopic awake intubation followed by oral reintubation under videolaryngoscopic inspection and the use of bronchial blockers was the standard procedure. No severe complications were recorded, and one-lung ventilation was maintained successfully in all cases.

Discussion The study highlights the challenges of managing difficult airways during thoracic surgery. Recommendations align with recent guidelines, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches. The use of single-lumen tubes with bronchial blockers appears favorable over double-lumen tubes, offering comparable ventilation quality with reduced risks.

Conclusion Despite limitations, the study underscores the safety and efficacy of tailored airway management strategies during one-lung ventilation in patients with anticipated difficult airways. The presented approach offers patient safety and practicability. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and refine clinical approaches.
Characterization of a large caliber explosively driven shock tube
Authors: Mu Yunfei , Zhang Jun , Yang Mao , Huang Hanjun , Mao Yongjian , Huang Haiying , Zheng Xing
Published: November 2024

Research on evaluating weapon systems, building structures, and personnel protection has attracted considerable attention due to the high incidence of blast accidents. The explosively driven shock tube is an affordable and replicable method for investigating high pressure blast waves and extreme shock environments. A newly constructed large caliber explosively driven shock tube with an inner diameter of 2.5 m and a length of 18 m has been documented and characterized in this paper. It is capable of providing a peak pressure of at least 5.49 MPa in the test section with 160 kg of TNT charges. The tube can produce an overpressure that is significantly higher than conventional shock tubes, which expands the capability to simulate a high overpressure blast load. A two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation model has been developed, validated, and calibrated for the characterization of the flow field inside the shock tube. The influence of the charge mass on the overpressure, arrival time, and positive impulse was discussed, and the planarity of the shock wave was also quantitatively characterized. To aid in designing further shock experiments and applications, a physics-based prediction model was developed using the dimensional analysis.
Toward first principles-based simulations of dense hydrogen
Authors: Bonitz Michael , Vorberger Jan , Bethkenhagen Mandy , Böhme Maximilian P. , Ceperley David M. , Filinov Alexey , Gawne Thomas , Graziani Frank , Gregori Gianluca , Hamann Paul , Hansen Stephanie B. , Holzmann Markus , Hu S. X. , Kählert Hanno , Karasiev Valentin V. , Kleinschmidt Uwe , Kordts Linda , Makait Christopher , Militzer Burkhard , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Pierleoni Carlo , Preising Martin , Ramakrishna Kushal , Redmer Ronald , Schwalbe Sebastian , Svensson Pontus , Dornheim Tobias
Published: November 2024

Accurate knowledge of the properties of hydrogen at high compression is crucial for astrophysics (e.g., planetary and stellar interiors, brown dwarfs, atmosphere of compact stars) and laboratory experiments, including inertial confinement fusion. There exists experimental data for the equation of state, conductivity, and Thomson scattering spectra. However, the analysis of the measurements at extreme pressures and temperatures typically involves additional model assumptions, which makes it difficult to assess the accuracy of the experimental data rigorously. On the other hand, theory and modeling have produced extensive collections of data. They originate from a very large variety of models and simulations including path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations, density functional theory (DFT), chemical models, machine-learned models, and combinations thereof. At the same time, each of these methods has fundamental limitations (fermion sign problem in PIMC, approximate exchange–correlation functionals of DFT, inconsistent interaction energy contributions in chemical models, etc.), so for some parameter ranges accurate predictions are difficult. Recently, a number of breakthroughs in first principles PIMC as well as in DFT simulations were achieved which are discussed in this review. Here we use these results to benchmark different simulation methods. We present an update of the hydrogen phase diagram at high pressures, the expected phase transitions, and thermodynamic properties including the equation of state and momentum distribution. Furthermore, we discuss available dynamic results for warm dense hydrogen, including the conductivity, dynamic structure factor, plasmon dispersion, imaginary-time structure, and density response functions. We conclude by outlining strategies to combine different simulations to achieve accurate theoretical predictions that are based on first principles.
Impact of electron velocity modulation on microwave power performance for AlGaN/GaN HFETs
Authors: Wang Mingyan , Lv Yuanjie , Zhou Heng , Liu Chao , Cui Peng , Lin Zhaojun
Published: November 2024

In this study, we demonstrate the effects of electron velocity modulation (Δve/ΔVgs) on the microwave power performance for AlGaN/GaN HFETs. In order to conduct the experiments, AlGaN/GaN HFETs with gate lengths ranging from 500 to 80 nm were fabricated. Electron transport was investigated by coupling a drift-diffusion solver with the Monte Carlo method. As gate lengths (Lg) varied from 500 to 200 nm, the increased polarization Coulomb field scattering led to an increase in Δve/ΔVgs and the stronger electric field (E) increased ve and enhanced the transconductance (gm), which in turn led to a greater power gain (Gp) in the HFETs. The higher power output (Pout) was also due to the increased ve that boosted the saturated output current (Ids,sat). The unique phenomenon that occurs from electron velocity modulation of AlGaN/GaN HFETs at electron densities (ns) < 3.42 × 1012cm−2 can be used as an effective mechanism to enhance the power gain of AlGaN/GaN HFETs.
Fluoride and chalcogenide glass fiber components for mid-infrared lasers and amplifiers: Breakthroughs, challenges, and future perspective
Authors: Grebnev Kirill , Perminov Boris , Fernandez Toney T. , Fuerbach Alex , Chernysheva Maria
Published: November 2024

Since the early 1990s, when researchers began to explore rare-earth-doped mid-infrared glass fibers, fiber laser systems have emerged as promising high-brightness light sources with wavelengths beyond 2.5 μm for applications in spectroscopy and sensing, optical communications and ranging, and processing of complex materials and bio-tissues, to name a few. Despite a substantial research effort over the years, mid-infrared fiber lasers and amplifiers have yet to reach the maturity required for widespread and/or industrial use. The well-known advantages of fiber lasers over their bulk counterparts, namely superior stability and beam quality, compactness, cost-efficiency, flexibility, and maintenance-free operation, can only be fully harnessed in the mid-infrared wavelength range with the development of non-existent yet essential fiber-based components made of advanced fluoride or chalcogenide-glass materials. This Perspective reports on the recent significant achievements that have been made in the design and fabrication of in-fiber and fiber-pigtailed components for fully integrated mid-infrared fiber laser systems. Building upon a comprehensive overview of the mechanical, thermodynamic, and optical properties of fluoride and chalcogenide glass fibers, as well as their interaction with light, we aim to highlight current challenges and opportunities and provide an informed forecast of future advancements in mid-infrared all-fiber laser research.
Hydrogen diffusion on Ni(100): A combined machine-learning, ring polymer molecular dynamics, and kinetic Monte Carlo study
Authors: Steffen J. , Alibakhshi A.
Published: November 2024

We introduce a methodological framework coupling machine-learning potentials, ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD), and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) to draw a comprehensive physical picture of the collective diffusion of hydrogen atoms on metal surfaces. For the benchmark case of hydrogen diffusion on a Ni(100) surface, the hydrogen adsorption and diffusion energetics and its dependence on the local coverage is described via a neural-network potential, where the training data are computed via periodic density functional theory (DFT) and include all relevant optimized diffusion and desorption paths, sampled by nudged elastic band optimizations and molecular dynamics simulations. Nuclear quantum effects, being crucial for processes involving hydrogen at low temperatures, are treated by RPMD. The diffusion rate constants are calculated with a combination of umbrella samplings employed to map the free energy profile and separate samplings of recrossing trajectories to obtain the transmission coefficient. The calculated diffusion rates for different temperatures and local environments are then combined and fitted into a kMC model allowing access to larger time and length scales. Our results demonstrate an outstanding performance for the trained neural network potential in reproducing reference DFT energies and forces. We report the effective diffusion rates for different temperatures and hydrogen surface coverages obtained via this recipe in good agreement with the experimental results. The method combination proposed in this study can be instrumental for a wide range of applications in materials science.
Deep learning-driven super-resolution in Raman hyperspectral imaging: Efficient high-resolution reconstruction from low-resolution data
Authors: Haque Md Inzamam Ul , Lebron Ariel , Alvarez Frances Joan D. , Neal Jennifer F. , Mamak Marc , Mukherjee Debangshu , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Hinkle Jacob D.
Published: November 2024

Deep learning (DL) has become an indispensable tool in hyperspectral data analysis, automatically extracting valuable features from complex, high-dimensional datasets. Super-resolution reconstruction, an essential aspect of hyperspectral data, involves enhancing spatial resolution, particularly relevant to low-resolution hyperspectral data. Yet, the pursuit of super-resolution in hyperspectral analysis is fraught with challenges, including acquiring ground truth high-resolution data for training, generalization, and scalability. The pressing issue of extended spectral acquisition times, notably for high-resolution scans, is a significant roadblock in hyperspectral imaging. Super-resolution methods offer a promising solution by providing higher spatial resolution data to expedite data collection and yield more efficient outcomes. This paper delves into a practical application of these concepts using Raman imaging, where spectral acquisition times can be prohibitively long. In this context, DL-based super-resolution models demonstrate their efficacy by predicting and reconstructing high-resolution Raman data from low-resolution input, eliminating the need for resource-intensive high-resolution scans. While previous work often relied on substantial high-resolution datasets, this study showcases the ability to achieve similar outcomes even with limited data, presenting a more practical and cost-effective approach. The results offer a glimpse into the transformative potential of this technology to streamline hyperspectral imaging applications by saving valuable time and resources through the successful generation of high-resolution data from low-resolution inputs.
Determining plasma dose using equivalent total oxidation potential (ETOP): Concept to practical application via machine learning
Authors: Wu E. , Song K. , Pei X. , Nie L. , Liu D. , Lu X.
Published: November 2024

Atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma holds significant potential in biomedical applications due to its ability to generate reactive species at low temperatures. However, accurately quantifying and controlling plasma dosage remains challenging. Although equivalent total oxidation potential (ETOP) has been proposed for defining dosage, previous methods required measurement of various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) densities, which are impractical in diverse plasma settings. Efficient ETOP prediction across variable conditions is thus essential. To address this, we propose a machine learning-based ETOP modeling method. This study collected RONS density data under various conditions using laser-induced fluorescence and trained an artificial neural network to predict ETOP values based on input parameters like voltage, gas flow rate, oxygen concentration, and humidity. This approach enables efficient ETOP prediction across variable conditions, supporting the standardization and clinical application of plasma medicine.
The effect of filler distribution on electromagnetic properties of nanocarbon/magnetic particles/polymer composites
Authors: Vovchenko Ludmila , Matzui Ludmila , Zagorodnii Volodymyr , Yakovenko Olena
Published: November 2024

The type of multi-component fillers and their spatial distribution in conductive polymer-based composites greatly influenced their electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE), and absorption capability, which require a deep understanding of how these properties improve with changes in the phase composition, content, and distribution of these fillers in the composite. In this study, three-phase polymer composite materials (CMs) with random (epoxy-based) and segregated (polyethylene-based) distribution of nanocarbon (graphite nanoplatelets GNP and carbon nanotubes CNTs) and magnetic (Fe and Co3O4) fillers have been developed. It was found that permittivity εr′ in the frequency range (40–60 GHz) increases sufficiently with the nanocarbon content and their values are slightly higher for random GNP-filled CMs (εr′=10–15 for 3–5 wt. % GNP) compared to CNT-filled CMs and much higher compared to segregated CMs (εr′=4–7 for 3–5 wt. % of nanocarbon). Dielectric loss tangent tanδ is increased with the nanocarbon content (especially for Fe-filled CMs) and sufficiently higher in segregated CMs compared to similar random composites. These enhanced tanδ values correlate with higher electromagnetic shielding efficiency due to absorption of segregated nanocarbon/magnetic/polyethylene CMs, for example, SEAd ≈ 18–23 dB/mm for 5 wt. %GNP. The most preferable for microwave absorption are random and segregated CMs with 2–3 wt. % GNP/30 wt. % magnetic filler: RLmin = −(27–35) dB, effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) Δf10dB=11.5–12.5GHz at a sample thickness of 0.5–0.7 mm. In CNT-based segregated CMs, |RLmin| and EAB values are lower compared with GNP-based CMs. The ability to manipulate these characteristics is important for obtaining good shielding and absorptive properties in the microwave range of electromagnetic radiation.
Influence of micromorphology and water content on the rheological properties and performance evaluation model of loess mudflow
Authors: Wang Daozheng , Wang Xingang , Zhan Hongbin , Huang Qiangbing , Wang Jiading , Lian Baoqin , Wang Fei
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of the rheological characteristics of loess mudflow is of great significance to ecological environment protection (by loess, we mean a wind-blown Quaternary silt deposit), and geological disaster assessment in the Loess Plateau of China. Rheological characteristics of rheology for loess mudflow are highly variable due to heterogeneity in particle micromorphology and water content, and current rheological models struggle to reconcile the structural dynamics with the equilibrium behavior of soil at different concentrations and microstructures. A rheological study of loess mudflow for five regions on the Loess Plateau was carried out in this investigation, and the results showed that loess transformed from a solid-like stage to a liquid-like stage under steady loads and exhibited significant shear thinning characteristics and shear rate dependence, in which the shear rate less than 2 s−1 was the main region of loess strength attenuation and the maximum yield stress is about 1411 Pa. A smaller water content and more complex particle micromorphology led to a higher yield stress, but there was no significant correlation between flow index and particle shape and water content. Additional structural dynamics and particle fractal theory were then introduced, providing an improved model that could reconcile the structural dynamics and particle micromorphology of loess with its equilibrium behavior at different water contents and shear stresses. All the test data were distributed around a dimensionless master curve. Considering the difficulty of obtaining rheological parameters, an evaluation criterion containing three levels (clay-rich, silt-rich, and sand-rich) for the evaluation of the rheological properties of loess mudflow was proposed, which can reconcile the test results and models under different working conditions. Such an evaluation criterion can also be applied to soils of other textures, providing a straightforward manner to determine the relevant rheological parameters. The research results provide a theoretical basis for ecological environmental protection and geological disaster assessment in the Loess Plateau region based on rheological characteristics.
Suppressed gate leakage and enlarged gate over-drive window of E-mode p-GaN gate double channel HEMTs
Authors: Liao Hang , Zheng Zheyang , Zhang Li , Chen Tao , Cheng Yan , Chen Kevin J.
Published: November 2024

A 600-V p-GaN gate double channel HEMT (DC-HEMT) is presented with a systematic investigation of the gate characteristics, including the leakage current, breakdown, and reliability under forward bias stress. It is found that the gate leakage of the DC-HEMT is substantially lower than that of the p-GaN single channel HEMT (SC-HEMT) owing to suppressed electron spillover that stems from hole storage in the quantum well upper channel. Consequently, the gate breakdown voltage of the DC-HEMT is improved to 14.7 V compared to 12.2 V of the SC-HEMT. Besides, the gate operating voltage margin of the DC-HEMT is expanded to 4.2 V compared to 3.3 V of the SC-HEMT according to the gate lifetime evaluation.
Effect of solid loading and particle size on bubble behavior and flow field structure in slurry bubble column
Authors: Chen Yekui , Li Chaojie , Yu Zhixin , Liu He , Duan Jihai , Wang Weiwen
Published: November 2024

The complexity of fluid dynamics in a slurry bubble column reactor introduces significant uncertainty in reactor design and scale-up. This paper investigates the hydrodynamic performance of the gas–liquid–solid system within the reactor by employing computational fluid dynamics-population balance modeling numerical simulations alongside particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The effect of superficial gas velocity and particle conditions on the overall gas holdup were analyzed, focusing on the effects of particle size and solid concentration on bubble size, bubble behavior, flow field structure, and local gas holdup distribution at high superficial gas velocities. Bubble size was evaluated using calibrated image measurements, and the impact of varying solid conditions was thoroughly explored. The results revealed that an increase in solid size correlated with higher gas holdup and smaller bubble sizes, whereas a greater solid concentration resulted in decreased gas holdup and larger bubble sizes. PIV experiments indicated that bubbles exhibited a tendency to migrate toward the central region of the reactor, leading to the formation of larger bubbles that accelerated the rise of surrounding bubbles, while smaller bubbles near the wall moved downward. As the slurry bed height increased, the range of local gas holdup distribution expanded, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of radial local gas holdup in the fully developed stage at a height of 0.16 m.
In situ mixer calibration for superconducting quantum circuits
Authors: Wu Nan , Lin Jing , Xie Changrong , Guo Zechen , Huang Wenhui , Zhang Libo , Zhou Yuxuan , Sun Xuandong , Zhang Jiawei , Guo Weijie , Linpeng Xiayu , Liu Song , Liu Yang , Ren Wenhui , Tao Ziyu , Jiang Ji , Chu Ji , Niu Jingjing , Zhong Youpeng , Yu Dapeng
Published: November 2024

Mixers play a crucial role in superconducting quantum computing, primarily by facilitating frequency conversion of signals to enable precise control and readout of quantum states. However, imperfections, particularly local oscillator leakage and unwanted sideband signal, can significantly compromise control fidelity. To mitigate these defects, regular and precise mixer calibrations are indispensable, yet they pose a formidable challenge in large-scale quantum control. Here, we introduce an in situ and scalable mixer calibration scheme using superconducting qubits. Our method leverages the qubit's response to imperfect signals, allowing for calibration without modifying the wiring configuration. We experimentally validate the efficacy of this technique by benchmarking single-qubit gate error and qubit coherence time.
An equivalent analysis of unsteady sand transport in a wind tunnel
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Yang Bin , Zhang Yang , Lin Yuanwei , Gao Xin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of unsteady wind on sand transport in a wind tunnel using sinusoidally varying wind velocity to represent the unsteady wind. By comparing sand transport fluxes under steady and unsteady winds, we demonstrate that cumulative sand transport flux varies sinusoidally with the sinusoidally varying wind velocity. In addition to the time-averaged wind velocity, the sand transport rate is also affected by the amplitude and period of wind velocity variations. We then propose an ‘equivalent’ steady aeolian sand transport process as a substitute for the actual unsteady transport process. In terms of wind velocity amplitude and period variations, an equivalent wind friction velocity factor u*′ is defined to capture differences caused by wind velocity variations with the same time-averaged wind velocity and friction velocity. Finally, a unified equation for aeolian sand transport is derived, demonstrating applicability for both steady and unsteady flow conditions. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of aeolian sand transport under unsteady flow.
The impact of blood viscosity modeling on computational fluid dynamic simulations of pediatric patients with Fontan circulation
Authors: Wei Heng , Bilgi Coskun , Cao Kellie , Detterich Jon A. , Pahlevan Niema M. , Cheng Andrew L.
Published: November 2024

For univentricular heart patients, the Fontan circulation presents a unique pathophysiology due to chronic non-pulsatile low-shear-rate pulmonary blood flow, where non-Newtonian effects are likely substantial. This study evaluates the influence of non-Newtonian behavior of blood on fluid dynamics and energetic efficiency in pediatric patient-specific models of the Fontan circulation. We used immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method simulations to compare Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscosity models. The study included models from twenty patients exhibiting a low cardiac output state (cardiac index of 2 L/min/m2). We quantified metrics of energy loss (indexed power loss and viscous dissipation), non-Newtonian importance factors, and hepatic flow distribution. We observed significant differences in flow structure between Newtonian and non-Newtonian models. Specifically, the non-Newtonian simulations demonstrated significantly higher local and average viscosity, corresponding to a higher non-Newtonian importance factor and larger energy loss. Hepatic flow distribution was also significantly different in a subset of patients. These findings suggest that non-Newtonian behavior contributes to flow structure and energetic inefficiency in the low cardiac output state of the Fontan circulation.
A perspective on structured light's applications
Authors: Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria
Published: November 2024

For the past few decades, structured light has been gaining popularity across various research fields. Its fascinating properties have been exploited for both previously unforeseen and established applications from new perspectives. Crucial to this is the several techniques that have been proposed for both their generation and characterization. On the one hand, the former has been boosted by the invention of computer-controlled devices, which combined with a few optical components allow flexible and complete control of the spatial and polarization degrees of freedom on light, thus enabling a plethora of proof-of-principle experiments for novel and old applications. On the other hand, characterizing light beams is important not only for gaining better insights into light's properties but also for potentially being used as metrics. In this perspective, we thus offer our take on a few key applied research fields where structured light is particularly promising, as well as some pivotal generation and characterization techniques. In addition, we share our vision of where we believe structured light's applications are moving toward.
A novel leaf bionic flow field with structured multi-level channel based on Murray's law in proton exchange membrane fuel cell for enhanced mass transfer
Authors: Huang Zongming , Chen Yuan , Wu Weidong , Li Menghan , Liu Xiaori , Rao Zhonghao
Published: November 2024

The design of flow field has a significant impact on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, a novel leaf bionic flow field is designed and optimized based on Murray's law. The power consumption ratio is first used in the bionic PEMFC. Additionally, an evaluation criterion, the mass transfer efficiency evaluation criterion (MTEEC), is proposed to characterize mass transfer efficiency, and field synergy theory is used to analyze performance differences in mass transfer among various flow fields. The results demonstrate that adding multi-level channel and obstacles in the flow field significantly enhances cell output performance and reduces voltage losses in mass transfer regions. Applying Murray's law to distribute multi-level channel improves the uniformity of oxygen concentration distribution in the flow field and alleviates under-rib water accumulation. Compared to the secondary stream flow field (SSFF), the structure mesh of leaf bionic flow field (SMLBFF) demonstrates a nearly 19% increase in current density output at 0.45 V. SMLBFF exhibits an 81.51% increase in convective mass transfer rate compared to SSFF at 0.4 V. Moreover, the MTEEC of SMLBFF shows improvements of 179.68% at 0.5 A/cm2 and 135.43% at 1.0 A/cm2, compared to SSFF.
Acoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation of coal-rock effective and interference signal identification utilizing generative adversarial learning and image feature mining
Authors: Zhao Shenglei , Wang Enyuan , Wang Jinxin , Wang Dongming , Li Zhonghui , Zhang Qiming
Published: November 2024

Acoustic Emission (AE) and Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) are playing an increasingly important role in the field of coal and rock dynamic disaster early warning due to their accurate response to the evolution process. However, blasting, drilling, and other coal mine technical activities are easily to produce interference signals, which seriously affect the credibility of early warning information. Moreover, unbalanced samples and complex characteristic characterization cannot achieve accurate identification. This paper presents a novel identification method for effective and interference signal of AE and EMR based on generative adversarial learning and image feature mining. First, Kalman filter is applied to AE and EMR monitoring signals to remove noise and retain key features. The Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network, then, resolves the imbalance between the sample numbers of effective and various types of interference signals to ensure generalization of the identification. The effective and interference signal samples are further converted graphically by Symmetrized Dot Pattern, and intuitive different distribution characteristics are obtained. Finally, the EfficientNet model accurately identified typical effective and six interference signals collected downhole. The practical case of a coal mine in Liaoning Province shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and can provide a basis for reliable early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters.
Thermal helium beam diagnostic for 2D profile measurements in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Hörmann S. , Cavedon M. , Griener M. , Wendler D. , Dux R. , Schmid K. , Kappatou A. , Wischmeier M. , Cruz-Zabala D. J. , Viezzer E. , Stroth U. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: November 2024

A new thermal helium beam diagnostic has been implemented in the outer lower divertor of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The purpose of this diagnostic is to measure two-dimensional profiles of electron density (ne) and temperature (Te) with high temporal and spatial resolution. The geometry of the lines of sight is chosen to avoid the influence of prompt recycling and to optimize the resolution without significantly impacting the divertor structure. Moreover, the effect of long-term helium recycling has been analyzed, and its amplitude compared to the active signal is negligible. Finally, the reconstruction of ne and Te is done via a collisional radiative model, while a static and a dynamic model were implemented and compared with SOLPS simulations as well as divertor Thomson scattering data. Furthermore, a new 2D parameterization of the outer divertor volume, which is required for the dynamic model, was developed. Due to its fast and local ne and Te profile measurements, the diagnostic is suitable for investigating fast processes such as divertor transitions and filaments.
Magnetothermal effect and first-principles calculations of Zn-doped Mn5Ge3-based alloys
Authors: Ge Bingxin , Li Zhuolin , Liu Kexin , Tong Shanlin , Si Xiaodong , Zhu Yanyan , Liu Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the compound system Mn5−xZnxGe3 (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) through experimental investigations and theoretical calculations. Zn doping lowers the Curie temperature and magnetic entropy change of Mn5−xZnxGe3 alloys. Analysis of phenomenological curves, including Landau theories, normalized curves, and Arrott curves during the study of isothermal magnetization curves, reveals a second-order phase transition in this system. Through an extensive investigation of critical behavior using critical isotherm curves and the Kouvel–Fisher (KF) method, the consistency and reliability of these critical indices are validated by the prediction of the scaling theory in the critical region. By scaling the dependence of |ΔSM| on M and applying crucial exponen21t values, an efficient new approach is utilized to calculate the spontaneous magnetization that agrees well with the values deduced from the KF method. Additionally, first-principles calculations reveal that the Mn atoms' 3d orbitals are more significantly close to the Fermi energy level, with Zn doping generally reducing both the electronic density of states and the total magnetic moment of the Mn 3d orbitals. Consequently, the introduction of Zn leads to a decrease in the Mn–Mn atom exchange coupling, resulting in a deterioration of the total exchange interaction. This phenomenon also explains the decrease in the Curie temperature TC due to Zn doping, aligning with experimental observations.
CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots/p-GaN heterojunction for ultraviolet-visible spectrum photodetectors
Authors: Liu Yushen , Ye Bingjie , Gao Yang , Yang Xifeng , Peng Mingfa , Yang Guofeng
Published: November 2024

All-inorganic perovskites have attracted increasing attention because of their strong environmental stability and excellent photoelectric properties. However, the limited spectral response range of perovskite photodetectors restricts them in practical applications. In this work, an ultraviolet–visible photodetector with a wide spectral response and a high responsivity was prepared by constructing a CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs)/p-GaN heterojunction. The type-II energy band alignment formed by the heterojunction is conducive to the transport of photogenerated carriers, resulting in a high responsivity. Under certain conditions, the device can obtain responsivity values of 5 A/W and 850 mA/W under 350 and 725 nm illumination, respectively, which are comparable to those of other perovskite-based photodetectors. In addition, the photoresponse mechanism of the device is revealed through first-principles calculations of the heterojunction and the device. The enhanced light absorption of the heterojunction and the special band bending under different bias voltages improve the photoelectric performance of the device. This work can provide valuable insights into high-performance photodetectors based on all-inorganic perovskite QDs heterojunctions in terms of band regulation and device performance improvement.
Nitrogen-doped Ga2O3 current blocking layer using MOCVD homoepitaxy for high-voltage and low-leakage Ga2O3 vertical device fabrication
Authors: Xu Xiaorui , Chen Desen , Lu Yaoping , Li Titao , Han Xueli , Chen Duanyang , Qi Hongji , Yang Dan , Zhu Minmin , Zhang Haizhong , Lu Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2024

In this Letter, a high-quality and high-resistivity nitrogen (N)-doped Ga2O3 current blocking layer (CBL) is grown utilizing metal-organic chemical vapor deposition homoepitaxial technology. By using nitrous oxide (N2O) as oxygen source for Ga2O3 growth and N source for doping and controlling the growth temperature, the grown CBL can effectively achieve high (∼1019 cm−3) or low (∼1017 cm−3) N doping concentrations, as well as high crystal quality. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the developed CBL are verified at the device level, which shows that the device using the CBL can withstand bidirectional voltages exceeding 3.5 kV with very low leakage (≤1 × 10−4 A/cm2). This work can pave the way for the realization of high-voltage and low-leakage Ga2O3 vertical devices, especially metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.
Self-assembly and phase behavior of Janus rods: Competition between shape and potential anisotropy
Authors: Wood Jared A. , Dal Compare Laura , Pearse Lillian , Schuitemaker Alicia , Liu Yawei , Hudson Toby , Giacometti Achille , Widmer-Cooper Asaph
Published: November 2024

We characterize the self-assembly and phase behavior of Janus rods over a broad range of temperatures and volume fractions, using Langevin dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The Janus rods consist of a line of fused overlapping spheres that interact via a soft-core repulsive potential, with the addition of an attractive pseudo-square-well tail to a fraction of the spheres (the coverage) ranging from 5% to 100% of sites. Competition between the stability of liquid crystal phases originating from shape anisotropy and assembly driven by directional interactions gives rise to a rich polymorphism that depends on the coverage. At low densities near the Boyle temperature, we observe the formation of spherical and tubular micelles at low coverages, while at higher coverages, randomly oriented monolayers form as the attractive parts of the rods overlap. At higher densities, bilayer structures appear and merge to form smectic and crystalline lamellar phases. All these structures gradually become unstable as the temperature is increased until eventually regular nematic and smectic phases appear, consistent with the hard rod limit. Our results indicate that the intermediate regime where shape-entropic effects compete with anisotropic attractions provided by site specificity is rich in structural possibilities and should help guide the design of rod-like colloids for specific applications.
CD47 and thrombospondin-1 contribute to immune evasion by
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Angabo Sarah , Pandi Karthikeyan , David Keren , Steinmetz Orit , Makkawi Hasnaa , Farhat Maria , Eli-Berchoer Luba , Darawshi Nadeem , Kawasaki Hiromichi , Nussbaum Gabriel
Published: November 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium linked to periodontal disease. Remarkably,
P. gingivalis
thrives in an inflamed environment rich in activated neutrophils. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognition is required for
P. gingivalis
to evade innate immune killing; however, the mechanisms through which
P. gingivalis
uncouples host inflammation from bactericidal activity are only partially known. Since integrin activation and alternative signaling are implicated in
P. gingivalis
TLR2-mediated immune escape, we explored the role of CD47, a widely expressed integrin-associated protein known to suppress phagocytosis and implicated as an interacting partner with other innate immune receptors. We found that CD47 associates with TLR2, and blocking CD47 leads to decreased intracellular
P. gingivalis
survival in macrophages in a manner dependent on the bacterial major fimbria. In vivo, CD47 knock-out mice cleared
P. gingivalis
more efficiently than wild-type mice. Next, we found increased expression and secretion of the CD47 ligand thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) following
P. gingivalis
infection. Secreted TSP-1 broadly protected
P. gingivalis
and other periodontitis-associated bacterial species from neutrophil bactericidal activity. Therefore, CD47-TLR2 cosignaling in response to
P. gingivalis
induces TSP-1 that in turn suppresses neutrophil activity, an effect that can explain how species such as
P. gingivalis
survive in an inflamed environment and cause dysbiosis.
Light-dependent switching between two flagellar beating states selects versatile phototaxis strategies in microswimmers
Authors: Tsang Alan C. H. , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H.
Published: November 2024

Microorganisms have evolved sophisticated sensor-actuator circuits to perform taxis in response to various environmental stimuli. How any given circuit can select between different taxis responses in noisy vs. saturated stimuli conditions is unclear. Here, we investigate howEuglena graciliscan select between positive vs. negative phototaxis under low vs. high light intensities, respectively. We propose three general selection mechanisms for phototactic microswimmers, and biophysical modeling demonstrates their effectiveness. Perturbation and high-speed imaging experiments show that of these three mechanisms, the “photoresponse inversion mechanism” is implemented inE. gracilis: a fast, light-intensity-dependent switching between two flagellar beat states responsible for swimming and turning causes positive vs. negative phototaxis at low vs. high light intensity via run-and-tumble vs. helical klinotaxis strategies, respectively. This coordinated beat-switching mechanism then also accounts for a larger set of previously reportedE. gracilisbehaviors; furthermore, it suggests key design principles for other natural as well as synthetic microswimmers.
Extending the G1 phase improves the production of lipophilic compounds in yeast by boosting enzyme expression and increasing cell size
Authors: Hao He , Yao Mingdong , Wang Ying , Zhang Chenglong , Liu Zihe , Nielsen Jens , Shi Shuobo , Xiao Wenhai , Yuan Yingjin
Published: November 2024

Cell phase engineering can significantly impact protein synthesis and cell size, potentially enhancing the production of lipophilic products. This study investigated the impact of G1 phase extension on resource allocation, metabolic functions, and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in yeast, along with the potential for enhancing the production of lipophilic compounds. In brief, the regulation of the G1 phase was achieved by deletingCLN3(G1 cyclin) in various yeast strains. This modification resulted in a 83% increase in cell volume, a 76.9% increase in dry cell weight, a 82% increase in total protein content, a 41% increase in carotenoid production, and a 159% increase in fatty alcohol production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of multiple metabolic pathways involved in acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) synthesis, ensuring an ample supply of precursors for the synthesis of lipophilic products. Furthermore, we observed improved protein synthesis, attributed to UPR activation during the prolonged G1 phase. These findings not only enhanced our understanding and application of yeast’s capacity to synthesize lipophilic compounds in applied biotechnology but also offered unique insights into cellular behavior during the modified G1 phase, particularly regarding the UPR response, for basic research. This study demonstrates the potential of G1 phase intervention to increase the yield of hydrophobic compounds in yeast, providing a promising direction for further research.
Chapter 3. Ethical issues in educational action research
Authors: Banegas Dario
Published: November 2024

Educational action research (EAR) is often employed in language education by practitioners and researchers who wish to engage in bottom-up, collaborative forms of research that merge teaching, learning, and inquiry. EAR is characterised by having a direct impact on the teaching and learning processes as it is often carried out by teachers with their own students. EAR can be approached as a practical or transformational endeavour to improve language teaching and learning. Whatever the architecture supporting EAR, there are a few macro- and micro-ethical issues that must be acknowledged. In this chapter, I draw on my experience as a researcher leading an EAR project carried out with secondary school teachers and learners in Argentina to discuss ethical issues related to quality of evidence, quality of purpose, and quality of outcome. The article includes a series of takeways to support the ethical design, implementation, and evaluation/afterlife of an EAR project.
Chapter 4. Doing research in culturally and linguistically diverse K-12 classrooms
Authors: Kayi-Aydar Hayriye
Published: November 2024

This chapter centers around the ethical issues in regard to classroom-based Applied Linguistics research. More specifically, the purpose of the chapter is to offer a critical discussion of ethical considerations regarding the issues of gaining access to research site/participants and their stories, developing an ongoing consent, and being an ethical storyteller and advocate when collecting, analyzing, and sharing data obtained from teachers and learners in K-12 classrooms. I share examples of my own research experience with culturally and linguistically diverse K-12 classrooms in the U.S. in exploring the tensions regarding ethics in qualitative research processes.
Chapter 5. Ethical considerations for research involving computer-assisted language learning, social media, and online environments
Authors: Marino Francesca , Liska Dacota , Kessler Matt
Published: November 2024

While ethics has received a great deal of attention in research exploring second language (L2) learning and teaching within offline settings (e.g., face-to-face classrooms), there has been relatively less discussion of ethical decision-making processes in online research settings. However, online research presents new ethical challenges which need to be addressed, encompassing issues such as the blurred distinction between public and private data, source traceability, online security, and the potential risk of personal information disclosure. These concerns are particularly relevant to computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research employing information and communication technologies. The current chapter discusses ethical challenges in CALL by focusing on both classroom-oriented CALL research (i.e., L2 studies conducted in more formal educational settings) and social media-related CALL investigations (i.e., studies conducted in informal settings, typically involving social media platforms and mobile apps). Specifically, this chapter addresses three common ethical challenges faced by researchers, including: (1) gaining informed consent, (2) obtaining permissions, and (3) protecting participants’ privacy. We first provide concrete examples from published literature to illustrate effective strategies for navigating these challenges. Afterwards, we offer critical reflections and additional practical suggestions aimed at helping CALL scholars responsibly conduct research in digital locales.