bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus type 5 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines delivered orally or intranasally reduced disease severity and transmission in a hamster model
Authors: Langel Stephanie N. , Johnson Susan , Martinez Clarissa I. , Tedjakusuma Sarah N. , Peinovich Nadine , Dora Emery G. , Kuehl Philip J. , Irshad Hammad , Barrett Edward G. , Werts Adam D. , Tucker Sean N.
Published: May 2022

Transmission-blocking strategies that slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed. We have developed an orally delivered adenovirus type 5–vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate that expresses the spike protein. Here, we demonstrated that hamsters vaccinated by the oral or intranasal route had robust and cross-reactive antibody responses. We then induced a postvaccination infection by inoculating vaccinated hamsters with SARS-CoV-2. Orally or intranasally vaccinated hamsters had decreased viral RNA and infectious virus in the nose and lungs and experienced less lung pathology compared to mock-vaccinated hamsters after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Naïve hamsters exposed in a unidirectional air flow chamber to mucosally vaccinated, SARS-CoV-2–infected hamsters also had lower nasal swab viral RNA and exhibited fewer clinical symptoms than control animals, suggesting that the mucosal route reduced viral transmission. The same platform encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins elicited mucosal cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2–specific IgA responses in a phase 1 clinical trial (NCT04563702). Our data demonstrate that mucosal immunization is a viable strategy to decrease SARS-CoV-2 disease and airborne transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Microglia Elicits Proinflammatory Activation and Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Jeong Gi Uk , Lyu Jaemyun , Kim Kyun-Do , Chung Young Cheul , Yoon Gun Young , Lee Sumin , Hwang Insu , Shin Won-Ho , Ko Junsu , Lee June-Yong , Kwon Young-Chan
Published: May 2022

Recent studies reported neurological and cognitive sequelae in patients with COVID-19 months after the viral infection with several symptoms, including ageusia, anosmia, asthenia, headache, and brain fog. Our conclusions raise awareness of COVID-19-related microglia-mediated neurological disorders to develop treatment strategies for the affected patients.
Spatially averaged stratigraphic data to inform watershed sediment routing: An example from the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Pizzuto J.E. , Skalak K.J. , Benthem A. , Mahan S.A. , Sherif M. , Pearson A.J.
Published: May 2022

New and previously published stratigraphic data define Holocene to present sediment storage time scales for Mid-Atlantic river corridors. Empirical distributions of deposit ages and thicknesses were randomly sampled to create synthetic age-depth records. Deposits predating European settlement accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.06 cm yr–1, range from ∼18,000 to 225 yr old, and represent 39% (median) of the total accumulation. Sediments deposited from 1750 to 1950 (“legacy sediments”) accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.39 cm yr–1 and comprise 47% (median) of the total, while “modern sediments” (1950–present) represent 11% of the total and accumulated at a (median) rate of 0.25 cm yr–1. Synthetic stratigraphic sequences, recast as age distributions for the presettlement period, in 1900 A.D., and at present, reflect rapid postsettlement alluviation, with enhanced preservation of younger sediments related to postsettlement watershed disturbance. An averaged present age distribution for vertically accreted sediment has modal, median, and mean ages of 190, 230, and 630 yr, reflecting the predominance of stored legacy sediments and the influence of relatively few, much older early Holocene deposits. The present age distribution, if represented by an exponential approximation (mean age ∼300 yr), and naively assumed to represent steady-state conditions, implies median sediment travel times on the order of centuries for travel distances greater than ∼100 km. The percentage of sediment reaching the watershed outlet in 30 yr (a reasonable time horizon to achieve watershed restoration efficacy) is ∼60% for a distance of 50 km, but this decreases to <20% for distances greater than 200 km. Age distributions, evaluated through time, not only encapsulate the history of sediment storage, but they also provide data for calibrating watershed-scale sediment-routing models over geological time scales.
The role of screening and surveillance in the detection of childhood vision impairment and blindness in the UK
Authors: Solebo Ameenat Lola , Teoh Lucinda , Rahi Jugnoo Sangeeta
Published: May 2022

Objective

Understanding pathways to detection for childhood visual impairment (VI) is critical for planning services. We aimed to describe patterns of detection for childhood VI.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study using data from British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2.

Patients

Children newly diagnosed with VI, severe vision impairment or blindness (SVI/BL)—that is, visual acuity worse than logMAR 0.5 in both eyes—were identified through active surveillance, with data collection at diagnosis and 1 year later.

Outcome measure

Method of detection of vision/eyes problem.

Results

784 children (45%, 356 girls) were identified, of whom 313 (40%) had VI, 471 (60%) had SVI/BL. Additional non-ophthalmic disorders or impairments (VI/SVI/BL ‘plus’), were diagnosed in 72% (559/784). Of the 784, 173 children were detected through routine screening (22%), 248 through targeted examinations (32%) and 280 through family self-referral (36%). Parents and carers had only reported symptoms in 55% of children who manifested them, with evidence that families living in socioeconomically deprived areas were less likely to report concerns. Paediatricians were the professionals most likely to raise initial suspicion of visual disability.

Conclusions

Our findings show that targeted screening and surveillance is important for the detection of full spectrum childhood visual impairment (VI/SVI/BL), as a significant proportion of children will not have symptoms, or their parents or carers will not report symptoms. As paediatricians were the professionals most commonly involved in detection, it would be helpful if their core competencies included the skills needed to undertake simple assessments of vision.
Specific location of ocular adnexal lymphoma and mortality: an international multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Vest Stine Dahl , Coupland Sarah E. , Esmaeli Bita , Finger Paul T. , Graue Gerardo F. , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Hindso Tine Gadegaard , Holm Frederik , Honavar Santosh G. , Khong Jwu Jin , Kirkegaard Marina Knudsen , McKelvie Penelope A. , Mikkelsen Lauge Hjorth , Mulay Kaustubh , Rasmussen Peter Kristian , Siersma Volkert , Sjö Lene Dissing , Sniegowski Matthew C. , Thuro Bradley A. , Vemuganti Geeta K. , Heegaard Steffen
Published: May 2022

Aims

To examine whether the specific location of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM tumour stage are prognostic factors for mortality in the main OAL subtypes.

Methods

Clinical and survival data were retrospectively collected from seven international eye cancer centres. All patients from 1980 to 2017 with histologically verified primary or secondary OAL were included. Cox regression was used to compare the ocular adnexal tumour locations on all-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality.

Results

OAL was identified in 1168 patients. The most frequent lymphoma subtypes were extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) (n=688, 59%); follicular lymphoma (FL) (n=150, 13%); diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n=131, 11%); and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (n=89, 8%). AJCC/TNM tumour-stage (T-stage) was significantly associated with disease-specific mortality in primary ocular adnexal EMZL and increased through T-categories from T1 to T3 disease. No associations between AJCC/TNM T-stage and mortality were found in primary ocular adnexal FL, DLBCL, or MCL. EMZL located in the eyelid had a significantly increased disease-specific mortality compared with orbital and conjunctival EMZL, in both primary EMZL and the full EMZL cohort. In DLBCL, eyelid location had a significantly higher disease-specific mortality compared with an orbital or lacrimal gland location.

Conclusion

Disease-specific mortality is associated with AJCC/TNM T-stage in primary ocular adnexal EMZL patients. Lymphoma of the eyelid has the highest disease-specific mortality in primary EMZL, and in the full cohort of EMZL and DLBCL patients.
Variation in revascularisation use and outcomes of patients in hospital with acute myocardial infarction across six high income countries: cross sectional cohort study
Authors: Cram Peter , Hatfield Laura A , Bakx Pieter , Banerjee Amitava , Fu Christina , Gordon Michal , Heine Renaud , Huang Nicole , Ko Dennis , Lix Lisa M , Novack Victor , Pasea Laura , Qiu Feng , Stukel Therese A , de Groot Carin Uyl , Yan Lin , Landon Bruce
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To compare treatment and outcomes for patients admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of ST elevation or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI or NSTEMI) in six high income countries with very different healthcare delivery systems.

Design

Retrospective cross sectional cohort study.

Setting

Patient level administrative data from the United States, Canada (Ontario and Manitoba), England, the Netherlands, Israel, and Taiwan.

Participants

Adults aged 66 years and older admitted to hospital with STEMI or NSTEMI between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017.

Outcomes measures

The three categories of outcomes were coronary revascularisation (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery), mortality, and efficiency (hospital length of stay and 30 day readmission). Rates were standardised to the age and sex distribution of the US acute myocardial infarction population in 2017. Outcomes were assessed separately for STEMI and NSTEMI. Performance was evaluated longitudinally (over time) and cross sectionally (between countries).

Results

The total number of hospital admissions ranged from 19 043 in Israel to 1 064 099 in the US. Large differences were found between countries for all outcomes. For example, the proportion of patients admitted to hospital with STEMI who received percutaneous coronary intervention in hospital during 2017 ranged from 36.9% (England) to 78.6% (Canada; 71.8% in the US); use of percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI increased in all countries between 2011 and 2017, with particularly large rises in Israel (48.4-65.9%) and Taiwan (49.4-70.2%). The proportion of patients with NSTEMI who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery within 90 days of admission during 2017 was lowest in the Netherlands (3.5%) and highest in the US (11.7%). Death within one year of admission for STEMI in 2017 ranged from 18.9% (Netherlands) to 27.8% (US) and 32.3% (Taiwan). Mean hospital length of stay in 2017 for STEMI was lowest in the Netherlands and the US (5.0 and 5.1 days) and highest in Taiwan (8.5 days); 30 day readmission for STEMI was lowest in Taiwan (11.7%) and the US (12.2%) and highest in England (23.1%).

Conclusions

In an analysis of myocardial infarction in six high income countries, all countries had areas of high performance, but no country excelled in all three domains. Our findings suggest that countries could learn from each other by using international comparisons of patient level nationally representative data.
Right ventricular remodelling in pulmonary arterial hypertension predicts treatment response
Authors: Goh Ze Ming , Balasubramanian Nithin , Alabed Samer , Dwivedi Krit , Shahin Yousef , Rothman Alexander M K , Garg Pankaj , Lawrie Allan , Capener David , Thompson A A Roger , Alandejani Faisal , Wild Jim M , Johns Christopher S , Lewis Robert A , Gosling Rebecca , Sharkey Michael , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G , Swift Andrew J
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To determine the prognostic value of patterns of right ventricular adaptation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at baseline and follow-up.

Methods

Patients attending the Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit with suspected pulmonary hypertension were recruited into the ASPIRE (Assessing the Spectrum of Pulmonary hypertension Identified at a REferral Centre) Registry. With exclusion of congenital heart disease, consecutive patients with PAH were followed up until the date of census or death. Right ventricular end-systolic volume index adjusted for age and sex and ventricular mass index were used to categorise patients into four different volume/mass groups: low-volume-low-mass, low-volume-high-mass, high-volume-low-mass and high-volume-high-mass. The prognostic value of the groups was assessed with one-way analysis of variance and Kaplan-Meier plots. Transition of the groups was studied.

Results

A total of 505 patients with PAH were identified, 239 (47.3%) of whom have died at follow-up (median 4.85 years, IQR 4.05). The mean age of the patients was 59±16 and 161 (32.7%) were male. Low-volume-low-mass was associated with CMR and right heart catheterisation metrics predictive of improved prognosis. There were 124 patients who underwent follow-up CMR (median 1.11 years, IQR 0.78). At both baseline and follow-up, the high-volume-low-mass group had worse prognosis than the low-volume-low-mass group (p<0.001). With PAH therapy, 73.5% of low-volume-low-mass patients remained in this group, whereas only 17.4% of high-volume-low-mass patients transitioned into low-volume-low-mass.

Conclusions

Right ventricular adaptation assessed using CMR has prognostic value in patients with PAH. Patients with maladaptive remodelling (high-volume-low-mass) are at high risk of treatment failure.
Examining the protective effects of social capital and social support on the perpetration of violence among a national sample of adolescents
Authors: Schober Daniel J.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Millions of children witness violence and are victims of violence each year. Previous research suggests that this is a risk factor for perpetrating violence. There is a paucity of studies that examine factors that protect violence-exposed youth from perpetrating violence.

Methods

This study used a panel design to measure the effects of exposure to violence on the perpetration of violence. It examined the protective effects of social support and school social capital on the risk of exposure to violence, using multivariate logistic regression modelling. The sample was weighted to reflect a national population.

Results

The median age of the sample was 15. When considering risk factors only, those who ‘saw someone shoot or stab another person’ were at 4.77 times (95% CI 3.19 to 7.13) greater risk for perpetrating interpersonal violence. In the full model (risk and protective factors, (N=8375)), those with lower school social capital were at 2.43 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.15) to 2.91 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.29) times greater risk of perpetrating violence compared with those with the highest school social capital; adding the protective factors into the model reduced the odds of perpetrating violence from 4.77 times to 3.47 times (95% CI 1.97 to 6.11) (p<0.001).

Conclusion

On a national level, the protective effects of school social capital could translate to a substantial reduction of violence. School-wide policies and programmes that reach all adolescents in a school and promote social capital should be pursued as a strategy to prevent the perpetration of interpersonal violence.
One-third of patients with lupus nephritis classified as complete responders continue to accrue progressive renal damage despite resolution of proteinuria
Authors: Weeding Emma , Fava Andrea , Magder Laurence , Goldman Daniel , Petri Michelle
Published: May 2022

Objective

Treatment response in lupus nephritis (LN) is defined based on proteinuria, yet protocol kidney biopsy studies have shown that patients with lupus can have active nephritis in the absence of proteinuria. Using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectories, we characterised early chronic kidney disease in LN and examined whether certain patients continue to accrue renal damage despite proteinuric response.

Methods

We conducted a single-centre study of patients diagnosed with their first episode of biopsy-proven class III, IV, and/or V LN (n=37). For each patient, eGFR trajectory was graphed over 5 years following renal biopsy. Participants were divided into those with progressive eGFR loss (eGFR slope <−5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) versus those with stable eGFR. Participant demographics, renal biopsy features and response status at 1 year (urine protein to creatinine ratio <500 mg/g) were compared between eGFR trajectory groups.

Results

Overall, 30% (n=11) of participants accrued progressive eGFR loss despite standard of care therapy over the first 5 years following renal biopsy. There were no significant differences in baseline renal biopsy features, medication regimens or comorbidities between eGFR trajectory groups. Resolution of proteinuria at 1 year did not differentiate between groups: 6 of 18 (33%) of complete responders continued to accrue renal damage compared with 5 of 17 (29%) of non-responders. Response status could not be assigned for two participants in the stable eGFR group due to missing clinical information at 1 year.

Conclusions

We identified an understudied category of patients with LN who accrue progressive renal damage despite apparent response to standard of care therapy. Better definitions and biomarkers of response are needed to improve renal outcomes and trial design.
Weekend versus weekday hospitalization and clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients with and without stroke
Authors: Hu Wei Syun , Lin Cheng-Li
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The relation between hospitalization timing and risk of clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without stroke remained undetermined.

Methods

Rehospitalization due to AF, cardiovascular (CV) death and all-cause mortality were the outcomes of interest in this study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

While considering patients with AF hospitalized during weekdays without stroke as the reference group, patients with AF hospitalized during weekends with stroke had the risk of AF rehospitalization, CV death and all-cause death by 1.48 (95% CI 1.44 to 1.51), 1.77 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.83) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.19) times, respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with AF hospitalized during weekends with stroke had the worst clinical outcomes.
Monitoring litter and microplastics in Arctic mammals and birds
Authors: Lusher A.L. , Provencher J.F. , Baak J.E. , Hamilton B.M. , Vorkamp K. , Hallanger I.G. , Pijogge L. , Liboiron M. , Bourdages M.P.T. , Hammer S. , Gavrilo M. , Vermaire J.C. , Linnebjerg J.F. , Mallory M.L. , Gabrielsen G.W.
Published: May 2022

Plastic pollution has been reported to affect Arctic mammals and birds. There are strengths and limitations to monitoring litter and microplastics using Arctic mammals and birds. One strength is the direct use of these data to understand the potential impacts on Arctic biodiversity as well as effects on human health, if selected species are consumed. Monitoring programs must be practically designed with all purposes in mind, and a spectrum of approaches and species will be required. Spatial and temporal trends of plastic pollution can be built on the information obtained from studies on northern fulmars ( Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)), a species that is an environmental indicator. To increase our understanding of the potential implications for human health, the species and locations chosen for monitoring should be selected based on the priorities of local communities. Monitoring programs under development should examine species for population level impacts in Arctic mammals and birds. Mammals and birds can be useful in source and surveillance monitoring via locally designed monitoring programs. We recommend future programs consider a range of monitoring objectives with mammals and birds as part of the suite of tools for monitoring litter and microplastics, plastic chemical additives, and effects, and for understanding sources.
Blue phosphorescent platinum(IV) complex bearing bipyridine ligand for potential application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)
Authors: Kang Jisu , Moon Suk-Hee , Paek Sanghyun , Kang Youngjin
Published: May 2022

A cyclometalated Pt(IV) compound, Pt(dfpypy)2(Me)Cl (1), with blue phosphorescence was prepared using 2′,6′-difluoro-2,3′-bipyridine (dfpypy) as a C^N chelate ligand. Compound 1 exhibits distorted octahedral geometries around the platinum ion and has strong intermolecular interactions via interatomic contacts (H···N/F/Cl) involving hydrogen bond interactions based on Hirshfeld surface analysis. This compound shows bright blue phosphorescence emissions with λmax = 427 and 455 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (ΦPL = 0.60). Furthermore, a good blue colour purity with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (1931) coordinates ( x, y) of (0.14, 0.17) was observed in the thin film, which was close to pure blue. TD-DFT calculations revealed that the electronic transition can be attributed to a combination of intraligand charge transfer (πbpy–π*bpy) and ligand-to-ligand charge transfer [pz(Cl)–π*(dfpypy)] with a small contribution from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (Ptd−π*bpy). Owing to the introduction of the electronegative C^N chelate dfpypy, the emission of compound 1 was blueshifted by 20 nm compared with its analog [Pt(ppy)2(Me)Cl] ( λmax = 447), where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine.
MACRO FACTOR, MARKET VOLATILITY, AND STOCK-BOND CORRELATION: A DYNAMIC MIXED DATA SAMPLING FORECAST
Authors: CHEN QIAN , GAO XIANG , CHEN CHEN , TIAN SHUAIRU , HAMORI SHIGEYUKI
Published: May 2022

This paper explores how macroeconomic fundamentals affect the long-run dynamics in the volatility of and correlation between the stock and bond market. We use China as a laboratory by employing the GARCH-MIDAS and DCC-MIDAS models, which possess proven ability to capture the long-run component of second-moment market performance in a rapidly-growing economy. With actual data and predictivity evaluation, the finding is that the industrial production growth rate accounts for 32.04% of variations in the total conditional volatility for Chinese stocks, and the industrial production growth volatility drives 29.63% of movements in the total conditional volatility for Chinese bonds. Our proposed model is particularly advantageous in long-run volatility forecasts. Moreover, the present study complements the literature concerning the impacts of macro factors on the time-varying correlations between China’s stock and bond markets. We find weak evidence in this regard, probably due to the absence of multi-market macro-strategy investors that prevail in more developed markets.
Decoupling of Cell Refractive Index and Thickness under Three-Wavelength Phase Imaging
Authors: Liao Jingrong , Wang Yawei , Xue Shuangshuang , Sun Yujuan , Xu Yuanyuan
Published: May 2022

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technology is one of the important techniques for nondestructive imaging of a cell’s morphology. In QPI, the decoupling of refractive index (RI) and thickness of a cell is a key problem. We aim at the multiple hypothesis constraints (MHC) shortcomings of the traditional method in the decoupling of multi-media and nonspherical cells. A method is proposed to decouple the RI and the thickness of a cell under three-wavelength phase imaging in this paper. In this method, the sample’s RI and thickness distributions can be obtained by solving three-wavelength phase equations using the approximate setting under dispersion based on the optical dispersion theories. In simulation experiments, the results show that the method can effectively decouple the RI and thickness for homogeneous and multi-media nonspherical cells and has high accuracy. Because the method in this paper is obtained by using few approximate assumptions and strict mathematical analysis, it can decouple the RI and thickness of nuclear cells with any shape, and moreover, it provides an important basis for the technological development of cell morphology analysis.
INVESTIGATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF Al0.8EuyLa0.2−yTiO3 (y=0.01−0.04) NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED BY HYDROTHERMAL METHOD
Authors: DASTAGIRI S. , LAKSHMAIAH M. V. , MANJUNATH V. , NALLABALA NANDA KUMAR REDDY , RAVI N. , DHANALAKSHMI M. , KUKKAMBAKAM CHANDRAMOHAN , KRISHNAIAH KUMMARA VENKATA , REDDY VASUDEVA REDDY MINNAM
Published: May 2022

Europium-doped (0.01–0.04) Al[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text]TiO3 (AELTO) nanoparticles (NPs) series were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. These NPs were investigated for structural, and morphological studies through XRD, FTIR, FESEM and TEM analysis. Scherrer’s formula and Williamson–Hall (W–H) analysis were employed to determine crystallite size and lattice strain. The crystallite size was decreased with an increase in Eu content up to 0.03 wt.%. The surface morphology and percentage of elementals of AELTO NPs were investigated using FESEM with EDX as well as TEM analysis. The vibrational modes of AELTO NPs were attained by employing FTIR spectra. These modes are deferred mainly on chemical composition, crystallinity, morphology and strain of the AELTO NPs. Optical bandgaps of AELTO NPs were calculated and found to be in the range of 3.40–3.37[Formula: see text]eV with the increase of Eu content. These NPs could find potential applications for solid state lighting and down-shifter for solar energy harvesting.
Gaussons of some new nonlinear logarithmic equations
Authors: Darvishi M. T. , Najafi Mohammad , Akinyemi Lanre , Rezazadeh Hadi
Published: May 2022

In this study, three well-known partial differential equations (PDEs) are extended to their logarithmic nonlinearities with and without attenuation terms. These new models are the logarithmic unstable nonlinear Schrödinger (UNLS), the logarithmic Hamiltonian amplitude, and the logarithmic extended UNLS equations. As a result, the new logarithmic equations are investigated to find their Gaussian solitary waves (GSWs). The GSW solutions are presented for all new logarithmic models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that all logarithmic models are distinguishable by GSWs. These logarithmic extensions and their Gaussian solutions will be useful to find logarithmic extensions of other PDEs.
Seismic Vibration Control of Atrium Buildings Using a Truss-Nonlinear Inertial Mass Damper System
Authors: Li Siyuan , Chen Yung-Tsang , Li Bo , Wah William Soo Lon
Published: May 2022

Atrium building is a common structural type that can be found in most of the big cities. For seismic vibration control of buildings with large atria, this paper proposes a novel approach of using a core structure inside the atrium building in combination with a truss-inertial mass damper (IMD) system to form a passive control mechanism. The proposed system utilizes the unsynchronized vibrations between the tops of the building and the core structure to activate the IMD for seismic energy dissipation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed truss-IMD system, a numerical time-history method is first developed to compute structural response of the atrium building under an earthquake input, followed by parametric studies of the system. Effects of truss stiffness, inertance, and nonlinearity of the IMD on seismic performance of the atrium building are investigated. Results from a simple structural model and a six-story building indicate that the truss-IMD system can significantly alleviate the dynamic responses of the building, and the overall seismic performance improvement brought by the truss-IMD surpasses a truss-viscous damper system. Results also show that for a given set of truss stiffness and damper nonlinearity, there exists an optimal combination of inertance and damping coefficient for the IMD to achieve a maximum structural performance.
On a class of numerical semigroups with embedding dimension equal to 4
Authors: Angjelkoska Violeta , Dimovski Donco , Stojmenovska Irena
Published: May 2022

We give a description of a class of numerical semigroups with embedding dimension equal to 4, defined by four pairwise relatively prime nonnegative integers [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Such description provides a mode to determine the characteristics of the corresponding numerical semigroups: the Frobenius number, gaps, genus, etc.
On a periodic problem for Riemann–Liouville fractional semilinear functional evolution inclusions
Authors: Benyoub Mohammed , Donchev Tzanko , Kitanov Nikolay
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the periodic boundary value problem for a semilinear fractional-order delayed functional differential inclusion involving Riemann–Liouville derivative in Banach space. The existence of solutions is proved under compactness type conditions on the multivalued term.
SUBJECTIVE VALUATION AND TARGET PRICE ACCURACY
Authors: BONINI STEFANO , CAPIZZI VINCENZO , KERL ALEXANDER
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we analyze how subjective adjustments to baseline models by analysts affect the forecasting accuracy. For a panel of analyst reports, we show that target price forecasts that deviate significantly from simple multiple-based pseudo-target prices are (ex-post) more accurate. By controlling for various stock and broker characteristics, we also demonstrate that our results are not driven by the degree of sophistication of the valuation models. Furthermore, we show that investors know about this increased informativeness of forecasts as the abnormal market return around target price revisions is significantly higher if analysts deviate from simple pseudo-target prices when issuing their forecasts.
Median Filters on FPGAs for Infinite Data and Large, Rectangular Windows
Authors: Sherwin Krystine Dawn , Wang Kevin I-Kai , Thiagaraj Prabu , Stappers Ben , Sinnen Oliver
Published: May 2022

Efficient architectures and implementations of median filters have been well investigated in the past. In this article, we focus on median filters for very big scientific applications with very large windows and an infinite stream of data, inspired by big data needs in the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) pulsar search engine, but transferable to other big data domains. We propose a novel approach for very large rectangular windows on an FPGA accelerator device able to support the processing of infinite streams of data. OpenCL is used for rapid parameter sweeping and design space exploration based on a pipelined model of the system. Evaluation on a host/accelerator system with an Arria 10 device surpassed 64 million values processed per second considered for the SKA real time requirement, achieving 83.4M value/s while reading from/writing to disk. These results are compared with a state-of-the-art software implementation only achieving 41M value/s for over twice the total system energy cost.
Yoneda Hacking: The Algebra of Attacker Actions
Authors: Bakirtzis Georgios , Genovese Fabrizio , Fleming Cody H.
Published: May 2022

Our work focuses on modeling the security of systems from their component-level designs. Towards this goal, we develop a
categorical
formalism to model attacker actions. Equipping the categorical formalism with algebras produces two interesting results for security modeling. First, using the Yoneda lemma, we can model attacker reconnaissance missions. In this context, the Yoneda lemma shows us that if two system representations, one being complete and the other being the attacker’s incomplete view, agree at every possible test, they behave the same. The implication is that attackers can still successfully exploit the system even with incomplete information. Second, we model the potential changes to the system via an exploit. An exploit either manipulate the interactions between system components, such as providing the wrong values to a sensor, or changes the components themselves, such as controlling a global positioning system (GPS). One additional benefit of using category theory is that mathematical operations can be represented as formal diagrams, helpful in applying this analysis in a model-based design setting. We illustrate this modeling framework using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cyber-physical system model. We demonstrate and model two types of attacks (1) a rewiring attack, which violates data integrity, and (2) a rewriting attack, which violates availability.
Chalkboard 1 - The Many Colors of Hydrogen
Authors: Kusoglu Ahmet
Published: May 2022

This short article presents a refined and updated view of the concept of the colors of hydrogen based on a survey of many recent reports and roadmaps on hydrogen. As a versatile, colorless molecular energy carrier with great potential to decarbonize multiple sectors and help reach net-zero emissions, there has been a renewed interest in improving and expanding hydrogen production with minimal or zero impact to the environment. The conventional wisdom to categorize hydrogen production methods relies on colors that are associated with the technology pathways and their net carbon-emission impact. Despite some confusion arising from ill-defined associations, the concept of hydrogen colors has been gaining popularity due to the simplicity of such associations. This article aims to de-mystify these colors by embodying an expanded palette that reflects both existing and emerging (advanced) pathways to contribute to the ongoing conversation and efforts toward promoting and supporting the research, policy and regulations on realizing the clean hydrogen vision.
Getting Hydrogen to the Gigaton Scale
Authors: Pivovar Bryan S. , Ruth Mark F. , Nakano Akihiro , Furutani Hirohide , Hebling Christopher , Smolinka Tom
Published: May 2022

Due to its ability to perform clean, efficient processes, hydrogen has long been promoted as the energy carrier of the future, but recent activity and advances suggest a tipping point has been reached as hydrogen is now being recognized by much of the world for its unique capabilities to strongly support global efforts in achieving climate neutrality. The coming decades will require a massive increase in the amount of hydrogen used in the energy system as well as a transition from largely thermochemical to predominantly electrochemical processes involving hydrogen. For this to happen, hydrogen will need to globally approach the gigaton-scale on an annual basis. Thus, before hydrogen can fully achieve its potential, challenges that need to be addressed include achieving scale and further research and development (R&D) advances.
Evaluation of Magnetic Properties of Ceramic Coated Soft Magnetic Composite and its Simulation for Microwave Devices
Authors: Dhokey N. B. , Poddar V. S. , Kolhe P. S.
Published: May 2022

High frequency applications (in GHz) require soft magnetic materials with high resistivity, anisotropy and low losses above the ferromagnetic resonance. In this research work, fabrication of toroid cores of the magnesium compound coated soft magnetic composites (M-SMC) was carried out. High frequency magnetic properties (0.5–8 GHz) and microwave complex properties of the materials were determined using B-H analyzer and vector network analyzer. The reflection and transmission coefficients were calculated using the scattering parameters. Using Nicolson-Ross-Weir algorithm complex permeability and complex permittivity were calculated. Mathematical model for hysteresis based on Preisach Classical Model for hysteresis was developed to simulate the hysteresis of the material. By doing variation in thickness of the sample, a broad range of frequency spanning from 0.5 GHz to 7.5 GHz is covered. The optimum range for reflection coefficient i.e. 0.6–0.9 is in the frequency range of 3–5.5 GHz for samples of thickness in the ranges of 2–4 mm and 6–8 mm. The maximum transmission coefficient obtained was 0.6 in the frequency range of 0.5–1.5 GHz for samples of various thickness ranges viz. 2–5.5 mm and 6.5 to 8 mm. The transmission coefficient of 0.6 was also obtained in high frequency range of 3–5.5 GHz in case of samples of thickness 4–6 mm and above 7 GHz for samples of thickness above 6 mm.
Intradural Extramedullary Concurrent Schwannoma and Meningothelial Hyperplasia at C2-C3 Cervical Vertebrae: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rammal Rayan , Marker Daniel F. , Naous Rana
Published: May 2022

Concomitant schwannomas and benign meningothelial proliferations, including meningothelial hyperplasia or meningioma, rarely occur at the same location outside the setting of neurofibromatosis. Herein, we present a rare case of concurrent schwannoma and benign meningothelial hyperplasia concomitantly occurring in the cervical spine of a 69-year-old male patient with no history of any genetic disorder.
Computing Cluster and Intelligent Sensor Network in the Analysis and Application of College Students’ Physical Exercise Behavior
Authors: Zhu Lei
Published: May 2022

Based on computing cluster and intelligent sensor network technology, in view of network delay, this paper uses first-in-first-out buffers to be built at the node sending and receiving ports to convert the random delay of the physical exercise behavior network control system into a fixed delay. First, we analyze and model the controller design of the physical exercise behavior network control system. Through the analysis and synthesis of the current situation and methods of the physical exercise behavior network control system controller at home and abroad, the sensor is driven by time, and the controller and actuator are used. In the event-driven method, the sending and receiving buffers are set on the network ports of the nodes, the delay is changed from random to fixed at the same time, and the problem of data packet timing disorder is improved. Secondly, through the analysis of the internal control system node, the internal AD, DA conversion, data storage, CPU internal tasks, and task scheduling algorithm modules are implemented in the model. Experimental simulations show that, in view of the difficulty of unsatisfactory tracking effect caused by the aliasing of multiple target signals collected by sensor nodes, a combined tracking strategy is adopted; that is, multiple tracking dynamic clusters are combined into one for tracking when the sports behavior is close. In order to avoid the heavy communication and computing requirements in the centralized mode, mobile sensor networks usually adopt a distributed fusion architecture. The dynamic cluster maintenance and positioning strategy are given. In the stage of separation of multiple sports behaviors, a dynamic cluster decomposition algorithm based on boundary search is proposed, which can effectively determine the degree of separation of sports behaviors and provide a basis for establishing new dynamic clusters for follow-up tracking. The results show that the algorithm can effectively realize the merging and decomposition of dynamic clusters of multiple sports behaviors and effectively realize the dynamic tracking of multiple sports behaviors.
Economic Performance Evaluation of Tourism in Pearl River Delta Based on AHP Model
Authors: Huang Qiuxia , Zhang Wenliang
Published: May 2022

With the development of the times, the leading role of tourism in economic growth has become increasingly prominent. Tourism economic performance is an important standard to measure the development of its economy. However, there is no quantitative research on tourism economic performance within a single region. Therefore, on the basis of relevant research, this paper first constructs the tourism economic performance evaluation system from four aspects such as industrial scale, economic benefits, support power, and input and output. Then, based on the relevant data of tourism indicators in the Pearl River Delta in the past five years, the analytic hierarchy process was introduced to evaluate the economic performance of tourism in the Pearl River Delta. The results show that the tourism industry in the Pearl River Delta has good economic benefits and large industrial scale. However, the social motivation and input-output efficiency supporting the development of tourism are poor. Finally, according to the evaluation results, we put forward the methods and suggestions of tourism efficiency optimization in the Pearl River Delta region, so as to further promote the development of tourism in the Pearl River Delta region.
Forecasting COVID-19 Pandemic Using Prophet, ARIMA, and Hybrid Stacked LSTM-GRU Models in India
Authors: Sah Sweeti , Surendiran B. , Dhanalakshmi R. , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Alenezi Fayadh , Polat Kemal
Published: May 2022

Due to the proliferation of COVID-19, the world is in a terrible condition and human life is at risk. The SARS-CoV-2 virus had a significant impact on public health, social issues, and financial issues. Thousands of individuals are infected on a regular basis in India, which is one of the populations most seriously impacted by the pandemic. Despite modern medical and technical technology, predicting the spread of the virus has been extremely difficult. Predictive models have been used by health systems such as hospitals, to get insight into the influence of COVID-19 on outbreaks and possible resources, by minimizing the dangers of transmission. As a result, the main focus of this research is on building a COVID-19 predictive analytic technique. In the Indian dataset, Prophet, ARIMA, and stacked LSTM-GRU models were employed to forecast the number of confirmed and active cases. State-of-the-art models such as the recurrent neural network (RNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), linear regression, polynomial regression, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and Prophet were used to compare the outcomes of the prediction. After predictive research, the stacked LSTM-GRU model forecast was found to be more consistent than existing models, with better prediction results. Although the stacked model necessitates a large dataset for training, it aids in creating a higher level of abstraction in the final results and the maximization of the model’s memory size. The GRU, on the other hand, assists in vanishing gradient resolution. The study findings reveal that the proposed stacked LSTM and GRU model outperforms all other models in terms of

R

square and RMSE and that the coupled stacked LSTM and GRU model outperforms all other models in terms of

R

square and RMSE. This forecasting aids in determining the future transmission paths of the virus.
Nomogram-Based Prediction of Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Primary Bone Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Yang Xing-yao , He Xin , Zhao Yun
Published: May 2022

Background. Primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PD-DLBCL) accounts for more than 80% of primary bone lymphoma. We created two nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with PD-DLBCL for this rare disease. Methods. In total, 891 patients diagnosed with PB-DLBCL between 2007 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to explore independent prognostic factors and create nomograms for OS and CSS. The area under the curve (AUC), the calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and Kaplan–Meier (K-M) curve analysis were used to evaluate the nomograms. Results. Four variables were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS, and three variables were identified as independent prognostic factors for CSS. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated the strong discriminatory power of the nomograms. The calibration and DCA curves showed that the nomograms had a satisfactory ability to predict OS and CSS. The K-M curves showed that age, gender, primary site, chemotherapy, and tumor stage affected patient survival. Conclusions. In patients with PD-DLBCL, age, race, primary site, and chemotherapy affected OS, while age, race, and chemotherapy affected CSS. The two nomograms created based on the aforementioned variables provided more accurate individual survival predictions for PD-DLBCL patients and can help physicians make appropriate clinical decisions.
Heuristic Reordering Strategy for Quantum Circuit Mapping on LNN Architectures
Authors: He Jinfeng , Xu Hai , Feng Shiguang , Du Mingzhu
Published: May 2022

Because of the connection constraints of quantum devices, the quantum gate cannot operate directly on nonadjacent qubits. Quantum circuit mapping transforms a logical quantum circuit to a circuit that satisfies the connection constraints by adding SWAP gates for nonadjacent qubits. Global and local heuristic reordering strategies are proposed in this paper for quantum circuit mapping over linear nearest neighbor (LNN) architectures, which are one-dimensional topology structures, to reduce the number of SWAP gates added. Experiment results show that the average improvements of the two methods are 13.19% and 15.46%, respectively. In this paper, we consider the quantum circuit mapping problem for linear nearest neighbor (LNN) architectures. We propose a global heuristic qubit reordering optimization algorithm and a local heuristic qubit reordering optimization algorithm. Compared with the other algorithm results, the average improvements of the two methods for quantum cost are 13.19% and 15.46%, respectively. The two methods apply to the realization of quantum circuit neighboring over one-dimensional quantum architectures and can be extended to algorithms that work for other quantum architectures of different topologies.
Reconstruction Algorithm-Based CT Imaging for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Ascites
Authors: Zhang Huitao , Lv Wenhao , Diao Haofeng , Shang Li
Published: May 2022

The study was aimed at exploring the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence reconstruction algorithm combined with CT image parameters on hepatic ascites, expected to provide a reference for the etiological evaluation of clinical abdominal effusion. Specifically, the adaptive iterative hard threshold (AIHT) algorithm for CT image reconstruction was proposed. Then, 100 patients with peritoneal effusion were selected as the research subjects. After 8 cases were excluded, the remaining was divided into 50 cases of the S1 group (hepatic ascites) and 42 cases of the D0 group (cancerous peritoneal effusion). Gemstone energy spectrum CT scanning was performed on all patients, and CT image parameters of the two groups were compared. It was found that CT value of mixed energy, CT value of 60-100 KeV single energy, concentration value of water (calcium), concentration value of water (iodine), and slope of energy spectrum curve in the S1 group were significantly lower than those in the D0 group (

P
<
0.05

). The effective atomic number in the S1 group was significantly higher than that in the D0 group (

P
<
0.05

). Of the 50 patients in the S1 group, 3 (6%) had an ascending and 47 (94%) had a descending spectral curve. Of the 42 patients in the D0 group, 37 (88.1%) had an ascending and 5 (11.9%) had a descending spectral curve. The sensitivity and specificity of water (iodine) were 0.927 and 0.836, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of water (calcium) were 0.863 and 0.887, respectively. For different scan ranges ([0,90]; [0,120]), root mean square error (RMSE) of AIHT reconstructed image was significantly smaller than that of traditional algorithm, while peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) was opposite. The differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, AIHT-based CT images can better display the distribution of hepatic ascites, and the parameters of CT value, effective atomic number, water (iodine), water (calcium), and spectral curve can all provide help for the identification of hepatic ascites. Especially, water (iodine) and water (calcium) demonstrated high diagnostic performance of hepatic ascites.