bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЛЕГЕНДА О ДРУЗАХ-КРЕСТОНОСЦАХ В ЕВРОПЕ XVI–XVII ВЕКОВ, "Средние века"
Authors: Близнюк С.В.
Published: December 2023

В статье исследуется проблема осознания европейским обществом необходимости крестовых походов в позднее Средневековье и ранее Новое время посредством создания легенд о потомках крестоносцев, проживавших на Востоке, интересы которых следовало защищать. В европейской литературе, хрониках и даже официальной документации XIV–XVII вв. появляются легенды о выживших в Святой земле тамплиерах после 1291 г., турках – потомках троянцев и, соответственно, родственниках европейцев или друзах – потомках французских крестоносцев. Названные легенды питали культурную крестоносную среду Европы и сохраняли идею о возвращении Святой земли даже через столетия после ее отвоевания мусульманами. В работе анализируется легенда о происхождении друзов как потомков крестоносцев, проживавших на территории Османской империи. Автор опровергает точку зрения, что легенда возникла во Флоренции в начале XVII в. Новые источники позволяют настаивать на ее более раннем происхождении и высказать гипотезу о ее появлении во Франции в период Итальянских войн. Автор показывает, что идея о друзах как о потомках французских крестоносцев могла быть созвучна дипломатической и политической доктрине Франции, Турции и самих друзов в XVI–XVII вв.
ГОСУДАРСТВО И ЕГО ВРАГИ (РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О КНИГЕ О.И. ТОГОЕВОЙ
«КОРОЛИ И ВЕДЬМЫ»), "Средние века"
Authors: Цатурова С.К.
Published: December 2023

Вышедшее недавно в свет исследование О.И. Тогоевой предлагает новый подход к изучению феномена демонологии и ведовских процессов в Западной Европе эпохи Средневековья и раннего Нового времени. Впервые охота на ведьм рассматривается как политическое явление, опирающееся на сугубо светскую концепцию ведовства. В результате исследование О.И. Тогоевой не только раскрывает новые грани политической культуры, но вносит вклад в понимание особенностей процесса построения монархического государства и его восприятия современниками. Так, негативный образ монаршего двора в трактатах и зерцалах как «царства дьявола», где «правят колдуны и развратники», отражает кардинальное изменение природы верховной светской власти, от патримониальной к публично-правовой, где первые места у трона начинают занимать юристы, правоведы и управленцы в ущерб духовенству и клиру, таким образом выражающему свою обиду. Но и сама власть начинает активно использовать обвинения в колдовстве и магических практиках против собственных политических противников. Наконец, «изобретение врага» и вовлечение широких масс людей в «охоту на ведьм» становится эффективной стратегией в руках властей для поддержания порядка и консолидации общества.
ТРАКТАТ ЖАНА БОДЕНА «ШЕСТЬ КНИГ О ГОСУДАРСТВЕ» В АНГЛИЙСКИХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СОЧИНЕНИЯХ XVII ВЕКА, "Средние века"
Authors: Митюрёва Д.С.
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена восприятию политических идей французского философа Жана Бодена в английском интеллектуальном пространстве XVII в. Английская политическая мысль за XVII в. не один раз изменила свой вектор, реагируя на политические кризисы в стране. Авторы предреволюционного периода, времен гражданской войны и Реставрации Стюартов по-разному оценивали теорию суверенитета и по-разному видели пути ее воплощения. В связи с этим имя Жана Бодена, уже тогда признанного автора теории государственного суверенитета, часто встречается на страницах сочинений английских авторов. Количество обращений к Бодену затрудняет изучение рецепции политических идей Бодена в Англии XVII в. посредством фронтального просмотра этих сочинений. Для их систематизации была составлена выборка английских сочинений за период с 1576 по 1700 г., в которых цитируется трактат Бодена «Шесть книг о государстве», включающая 298 сочинений. На протяжении XVII в. интерес к Бодену был волнообразным: пики цитирования совпали с политическими кризисами в Англии. Периоды наиболее частого обращения к тексту Бодена стали для автора основанием для исследовательской работы с собранным корпусом источников. В исследовании предпринята попытка проследить как в процессе чтения, различной оценки и интерпретации трактата Бодена, английские читатели оказывали влияние на последующее восприятие текста и его автора.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ АРАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА (РЕСПУБЛИКА КАЗАХСТАН) НА ЛИТИЕВОЕ ГИДРОМИНЕРАЛЬНОЕ СЫРЬЕ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Парада С.Г. , Маркин М.Ю. , Гамбург К.Ю.
Published: December 2023

Статья посвящена оценке аральского региона Республики Казахстан на наличие литиевого гидроминерального сырья (ЛГМС) на основе критериев и признаков, установленных путем анализа литературных данных по регионам с крупными ресурсами ЛГМС. Аральский регион представляет собой тектоническую депрессию, занимаемую в различное время водами Аральского моря. Впервые обращено внимание на проявление гигантской тепловой аномалии, захватывающей всю депрессию, как отражение восходящих эндогенных потоков энергии и вещества. Эти потоки могли привносить в бассейн седиментации литий и другие ценные элементы, которые при испарении накапливались в галогенных отложениях. В отношении ЛГМС интерес представляют верхнеплиоценовые и голоценовые слои. В первых до глубины 500 м отмечаются перспективные на ЛГМС толщи соли суммарной мощностью 85 м. Для голоценовой стадии развития Аральского моря характерны резкие колебания его уровня и солености. В регрессивные эпохи, совпадавшие с жаркими аридными условиями и, скорее всего, с активизацией теплового потока, уровень Арала резко падал. Море мелело и разбивалось на отдельные заполненные высокоминерализованными водами озера. Состав регрессивных осадков преимущественно песчано-алевритовый и хемогенный (гипс, мирабилит и др.). В Малом Аральском море накапливались хемогенные отложения, а на побережьях существовали солончаковые ландшафты. Приведены расчеты возможных концентраций растворенных форм лития в морской воде (порядка 15 мг/л) по состоянию на 1967 г. (до начала современного обмеления Арала). С тех пор уровень моря понизился более чем на 16 м. При этом на обнажившемся дне моря скопились миллиарды тонн солей различных металлов, включая литий. Все эти соли, проникая в поровые и грунтовые воды, могли обогащать их, образуя в районе дна бывшего моря рапу, содержащую высокие концентрации солей редких металлов, в том числе лития.
РОЛЬ микроРНК В РАЗВИТИИ АГРЕССИВНЫХ ФОРМ РАКА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Черногубова Е.А. , Машкарина А.Н.
Published: December 2023

Рак предстательной железы является наиболее часто диагностируемым видом рака и второй по значимости причиной смертности от рака среди мужчин. В развитии и прогрессировании рака предстательной железы участвуют сложные генетические и эпигенетические механизмы. В последние годы накапливаются данные, свидетельствующие о том, что аберрантная экспрессия микроРНК способствует развитию гормонорезистентности и радиорезистентности при раке предстательной железы. МикроРНК это короткие некодирующие РНК, участвующие в процессе посттранскрипционной регуляции работы генов. Многочисленные исследования продемонстрировали, что микроРНК нацелены на критические гены, участвующие в агрессивности рака предстательной железы, и регулируют их. Однако молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе вовлечения микроРНК в резистентный к лечению рак предстательной железы, остаются неясными. Цель обзора проанализировать роль микроРНК в молекулярных механизмах развития клинически агрессивных форм рака предстательной железы. Широкий спектр генов-мишеней и существенное изменение профилей экспрессии микроРНК при переходе злокачественных клеток в радиорезистентное и гормонорезистентное состояние делает микроРНК перспективными кандидатами для поиска прогностических маркеров развития агрессивных форм рака предстательной железы и определения мишеней для таргетной терапии. Анализ ключевых микроРНК, участвующих в развитии клинически агрессивных форм рака предстательной железы, показал, что молекулярные механизмы, с помощью которых микроРНК опосредуют развитие гормонорезистентности и радиорезистентности при раке предстательной железы, включают апоптоз, рост и пролиферацию клеток, раковые стволовые клетки, аутофагию, регуляцию эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода, а также клеточную миграцию и инвазию.
Computer Vision for Healthy Driving Detection Using Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Sylvanus Anigbogu Kenechukwu , Ejike Chukwuogo Okwuchukwu , Sunday Belonwu Tochukwu , Eze Orji Everistus , Makuo Nwankpa Joshua
Published: December 2023

Driving involves a rigorous act where the driver controls the operation of a motor vehicle. There have been few deployments of healthy driving applications, while some of these applications are machine learning applications some are program-driven applications. Nigeria as a developing country has little or no trained datasets for healthy driving, therefore this research will be charged with collecting local data for driving events to be trained. The datasets were collected as images. These images were extracted for driving events braking, safe driving, and speeding. The images were locally collected for Nigeria driving settings and computer vision techniques were applied to the data. The machine learning algorithm used to evaluate the model is Convolution Neural Network, the editors used for image labelling and coding the system are Jupyter notebook and VS Code. Python programming language and its libraries were also used. The classification results for model loss, accuracy, validate loss and validate accuracy and the performance of the model is 0.99 or 99%, based on this the last epoch was recorded and the loss was 0.03 or 3%.This classification result proved that the data collected from Nigeria is trainable. The trained data can be used by researchers all over the world working on safe and healthy systems in Nigeria for driving. The result also presented a convolution neural network as an algorithm suitable for healthy driving detection using computer vision. The predicted values for the three driving events were all positive. The          three driving events were all detected perfectly while running the parallel testing without being perverse.
Development of Functionally Enriched Cold Extruded Product Using Black Bean and Finger Millet
Authors: Poorvitha M.  , Narayanan Rita , Valli C.  , Mathanghi S. K.
Published: December 2023

Extrusion is a unique method for preparing pasta, which is generally produced from refined wheat flour. However, preparation of pasta from black bean and millets are not prevalent. Millets and Black bean contain good source of protein and fibre. The present study was undertaken to develop pasta which is rich in protein, anthocyanin and dietary fibre. The study conducted included five trials along with control and significant ingredients like Refined Wheat Flour (RWF), Sprouted Finger millet flour (FMF), Black bean flour (BBF) in different proportions as T1- RWF: F: B - 80: 10: 10 and T2- RWF: F: B- 60: 20: 20, T3- 40: 30: 30, T4- 20: 40: 40, T5- 0: 50: 50 and control C- RWF: F: B- 100: 0: 0, along with xanthan gum of 2%, salt of 2% and 8% rice bran oil. These ingredients were mixed, kneaded and extruded in a cold extruder at a screw speed of 80 rpm and temperature of 40oC. Before drying, steaming was carried out for 15 mins. The extruded pasta was tray dried at 700C for 6 hours, cooled and then stored at room temperature. The standardization of the developed pasta was done using VETSTAT tool by assessing its physical and cooking quality parameters such as water absorption index, water solubility index, cooking time, cooking loss and swelling index. Proximate and sensory analysis were also carried out. Among the trials studied, T3- RWF: F: B- 40:30:30 was preferred as the standardized treatment based on the physical, cooking quality parameters and higher sensory scores for appearance and color, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability. Thus, this study proved that indigenous black bean flour and sprouted finger millet flour can be partially substituted for refined wheat flour in the preparation of enriched cold extrudate like pasta. This developed novel product can satisfy the taste, satiety-oriented dieting and promote healthy aesthetic food habits of consumers.
Beyond the Usual Suspects: Emerging Insights into Takayasu’s Arteritis and Its Role in Secondary Hypertension
Authors: Peruri Jessi , Koppuravuri Harshitha Manasa , Yarra Hemalatha , Nomula Lohitha Sri Sowmya , Nalli Minisha , Kandregula Priyanka , Yanamadala Pavan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background: Pulselessness is the main sign of Takayasu's Arteritis (TAK), a granulomatous large artery vasculitis that mostly affects the aorta, major aortic branches, and pulmonary arteries. Renal artery stenosis is the source of arterial hypertension, which is common in TA. It is estimated that there are 2.6 incidences of Takayasu's arteritis per million people worldwide each year.

Case Details: We report on an 18-year-old girl whose significant arterial hypertension on her left arm, identified during a routine check-up, was the primary manifestation of Takayasu's arteritis (TA). The left arm's systolic blood pressure was noticeably greater than the right's. Additionally, there was a difference in blood pressure between the legs and left arm. Auscultation revealed the presence of vascular bruits over the left subclavian regions. A CT angiography was used to establish the diagnosis of TA. The results indicated a substantial constriction at the right renal artery's origin and characteristics compatible with aortic arteritis of the thoracic and abdominal aorta with active disease given wall enhancement. Due to the disorder's rarity and the varied ways in which it manifests clinically, a delayed diagnosis and treatment are likely.

Conclusion: Our study emphasizes that this illness can and does affect young people, and as such, patients presenting with suggestive symptoms and signs—especially young patients with unexplained hypertension—should be taken into consideration. Appropriate imaging and clinical suspicion are essential for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of TA patients. Several findings were found during the clinical examination, including signs of claudication, fever symptoms, involvement of major vessels including the aorta and its branches. This illustrates the condition of Takayasu's arteritis and what medical professionals should anticipate when treating it.
Nutrient requirement of Pre-release Sugarcane Varieties in Vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone
Authors: Reddy T. Prabhakar , Lakshmi D. Vijaya , Sahana Firdoz , Swapna N. , Bharathi Y. , Reddy G. Eswar , Rakesh G.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur during the two successive seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to find out the performance of three sugar cane varieties (97 R 129, 2010 R 854 and Co 86032) under four fertilizer levels (75, 100, 125 and 150 % RDF). The experiments consist of 12 treatments replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design with factorial concept. The highest cane yield (119.1 t ha-1) was recorded with application of 150 % RDF which was on par with application of 125%  RDF (114.4 kg ha-1) and significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The lowest yields recorded under 75 % RDF (87.50 t ha-1). Among the varieties tested, 2010 R 854 recorded highest cane yield (112.2 t ha-1) which was significantly out yielded than the rest of the two varieties (97 R 129 and Co 86032). The highest benefit cost ratio recorded in 125% RDF followed by 150 % RDF and 100% RDF. Among the varieties, 2010 R 854 recorded highest benefit cost ratio over rest of the varieties. Based on the results of the investigation it is concluded that adoption of promising sugarcane variety 2010 R 854 with 125 % RDF (312.5-125-125 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) is recommended for Vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone.
Impact of Process Safety Culture on Employee Safety Motivation in Selected Oil and Gas Industries in Nigeria
Authors: Ekong Akaninyene Edet , Ogunbawo Babatunde Michael
Published: December 2023

Multinational oil organisations are often involved in activities that needs adherence to strict safety rules. The decision of managements of oil and gas industries to ensure safety of workers is reflected in their safety culture and safety is a major need of oil workers. The study assessed the impact of process safety culture on employee safety motivation in selected oil and gas industries in Nigeria.  Social exchange theory was adopted to underpin the study. The research was descriptive cross-sectional oil fields-based study. Purposive, convenience and quota sampling technique was adopted. The study adopted a well-structured self-administered questionnaire to get he perceptions of the 1,000 plants workers of the selected oil and gas industries on process safety culture of their companies. Data was collected through questionnaires as primary source and journals, e-book, newspapers as secondary source. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as average mean and standard deviation. For the hypothesis testing this research adopted Multicollinearity analysis. Perceived process safety culture was found to significantly affect personnel safety motivation.
Learning Styles: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Lau Ken
Published: December 2023

It has been widely acknowledged in the education and psychology literature that no two distinct learners would acquire knowledge in precisely the same way. The habitual and preferred way of how a learner acquires, processes, and retains new knowledge and skills has given rise to one's “learning style”. Compared with a similar concept
learning preferences
,
learning style
, in general, is considered relatively deep‐rooted and enduring across settings in which a learner is placed. Some other researchers, however, conceptualize it as more of a process‐oriented construct, and therefore suggest that style adaptations to ambient learning conditions and contexts would still be possible. The purpose of this entry is twofold: to provide an overview of learning styles research and some key findings yielded and to highlight the use of mixed methods design to address the methodological concerns raised in previous studies.
Grammar as a Pedagogical Target
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: December 2023

Grammar teaching remains one of the most controversial issues in foreign and second language pedagogy. Despite claims that such pedagogical intervention is unnecessary and should even be abandoned, there is broad consensus right now that grammar instruction (GI) is beneficial or even indispensable in some contexts, especially such in which opportunities for everyday exposure to and use of the target language are limited. In addition, research findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of GI with respect to the use of targeted grammar features in controlled and communicative situations, both in the short and long run. Nevertheless, a number of controversial issues remain which are related, among others, to the choice of grammar structures to be taught, the way in which these structures should be included in the syllabus, the intensity and timing of pedagogical interventions, and the selection of instructional options to be employed. Such issues, however, are seldom recognized by L2 teachers in many contexts, and they continue to teach grammar in very traditional ways, focusing on the knowledge of rules and the use of such rules in controlled exercises. In light of these issues, the present entry focuses on the nature of L2 grammar knowledge, considers different instructional options as well as the empirical evidence concerning their effectiveness, and highlights the importance of the use of grammar learning strategies. Such considerations serve as a basis for identifying pedagogical challenges in GI as well as a handful of recommendations for classroom practice. Future research directions are also identified.
Task‐Based Language Teaching (TBLT) as a Pedagogical Framework
Authors: East Martin
Published: December 2023

TBLT is based on the concept that undertaking communicative and interactive tasks fosters second language acquisition. Interaction is the means through which learners of an additional language (L2) can be provided with scaffolding, feedback, and instruction and is underpinned by two principal theoretical frameworks: the cognitive interactionist and the sociocultural interactionist. The primary mechanism through which classroom interactions occur in TBLT is the task itself. It is therefore important to have a clear understanding of the task construct, and how tasks are to be differentiated from other activities that might take place in the task‐oriented classroom. Building on the central task construct, it is also important for teachers to consider how tasks at different levels of complexity may be sequenced so as to maximize L2 learning. Beyond the identification of a series of tasks, teachers need to consider the kind of input that is required before tasks are undertaken (i.e., pre‐task work to set up the tasks) and after tasks have been completed (i.e., post‐task work to push L2 learning forward). It is particularly at this point that TBLT has been interpreted in a broad range of ways in light of contrasting theories about the respective roles of teachers and learners in classrooms. It is concluded that teachers should be prepared to try out different approaches (learner‐centered versus teacher‐led) and to evaluate for themselves what seems to work in their own classrooms.
Magnetron Sputtering as a Microstructural Screening Tool for Laser Additive Manufacturing: Study on Ni Superalloys
Authors: Goodelman Daniel C. , Kassner Michael E. , Hodge Andrea M.
Published: December 2023

In this work, magnetron sputtering coupled with a heat treatment is demonstrated as a route to obtain surrogate microstructures comparable to those achieved by laser‐based additive manufacturing (AM) for Ni superalloys. Furthermore, this technique is shown to be a novel and efficient way of screening elemental additions with high compositional resolution for AM, without the need for designing and characterizing custom‐atomized powders. Herein, Inconel 718 films are sputtered from both arc‐melted and AM targets to capture any compositional changes and to develop a comprehensive methodology. Films are characterized via electron microscopy techniques to establish similarities between sputtered plus heat‐treated films and bulk AM Inconel 718 microstructures reported in literature. Since Inconel 718 is susceptible to high‐temperature S embrittlement, films were then co‐sputtered with small amounts of Zr or Hf, which are found to facilitate sulfur segregation via nano secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. Overall, this work highlights how magnetron sputtering plus heat treatment can be leveraged to rapidly screen novel AM microstructures, thereby accelerating the development and deployment of AM materials.
Hard Magnetic Graphene Nanocomposite for Multimodal, Reconfigurable Soft Electronics
Authors: Xiang Zehua , Wang Haobin , Zhao Pengcheng , Fa Xinying , Wan Ji , Wang Yaozheng , Xu Chen , Yao Shenglian , Zhao Wei , Zhang Haixia , Han Mengdi
Published: December 2023

Soft electronics provide effective means for continuous monitoring of a diverse set of biophysical and biochemical signals from the human body. However, the sensitivities, functions, spatial distributions, and many other features of such sensors remain fixed after deployment and cannot be adjusted on demand. Here, laser‐induced porous graphene is exploited as the sensing material, and dope it with permanent magnetic particles to create hard magnetic graphene nanocomposite (HMGN) that can self‐assemble onto a flexible carrying substrate through magnetic force, in a reversible and reconfigurable manner. A set of soft electronics in HMGN exhibits enhanced performances in the measurements of electrophysiological signals, temperature, and concentrations of metabolites. All these flexible HMGN sensors can adhere to a carrying substrate at any position and in any spatial arrangement, to allow for wearable sensing with customizable sensitivity, modality, and spatial coverage. The HMGN represents a promising material for constructing soft electronics that can be reconfigured for various applications.
Advances in Additive Manufacturing Techniques for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: De Adrija , Ramasubramian Brindha , Ramakrishna Seeram , Chellappan Vijila
Published: December 2023

The increasing adoption of additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is revolutionizing the production of wearable electronics and energy storage devices (ESD) such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. This surge can be attributed to its outstanding process versatility, precise control over geometrical aspects, and potential to reduce costs and material waste. In this comprehensive review, major AM processes like inkjet printing, direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering/melting along with possible configurations and architectures, are elaborately discussed for each bespoke ESD. The application of 3D‐printed energy storage devices in wearable electronics, Internet of Things (IoT)‐based devices, and electric vehicles are also mentioned in the review. The role of AM in facilitating the production of solid‐state batteries has also revolutionized the electric vehicle (EV) industry. Recent progress in the field of AM of energy systems with solid electrolytes and potential future directions such as 4D printing to incorporate stimuli‐responsive behavior in 3D‐printed materials, biomimetic design optimization, and additive manufacturing of ESD in a micro‐gravity environment have also been highlighted. Extensive research and continuous progress in this field are expected to enhance the longetivity, industrial scalability, and electrochemical performance of 3D‐printed energy storage devices in future.
Injectable Hydrogel Incorporated with Iron‐Doped Carbon Dots Exhibiting Peroxidase‐Like Activity for Antibacterial Therapy and Wound Healing
Authors: Li Tianliang , Lin Lixing , Wang Dong , Fang Haowen , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Yitong , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan
Published: December 2023

The increasing bacterial resistance highlights the necessity of developing superior antibacterial materials. Metal‐doped carbon dots (CDs), a crucial branch of carbon‐based nanozymes, exhibit efficient antibacterial properties using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) effect. In this study, iron‐doped carbon dots (Fe‐CDs) are synthesized with high peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activity using natural hemin as a precursor for the first time. The formation of Fe‐CDs remarkably improves the water solubility of hemin showing excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, iron is doped from hemin to the CDs surface, reducing the risk of trial‐and‐error associated with adding an external iron source. The Fe‐CDs‐hydrogel system is constructed via the incorporation of Fe‐CDs into a dual‐crosslinked injectable hydrogel, taking advantage of the synergistic effects. The system enhances the mechanical properties of hydrogel and serves as an excellent carrier for Fe‐CDs. It exhibits effective antibacterial activity at low hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations (10−4 m) via the activation of Fenton‐like reaction‐triggered POD‐like catalytic activity and the electrostatic interactions. The system further demonstrates excellent healing efficacy in a bacteria‐infected wound model by reducing inflammation levels and accelerating the regeneration of tissues. This study provides a novel approach for applying nanozymes in antibacterial therapy and wound healing.
Youth sociopolitical development: A conceptual framework by racial and gender minoritized youth organizers
Authors: Malorni Angie , Dolan Shae , Hong Andrew , Joseph Naima , Mohamed Khalid , Moore Liana , Phan Linda , Skoglund Ireland , Too Iris , Wittman Sidonie
Published: December 2023

Youth sociopolitical development (SPD) is a powerful protective and promotive factor for marginalized adolescents' social, emotional, physical, and academic well‐being. Despite having unique insight and experiential knowledge about SPD processes, youth have been excluded from conceptual framework and model development. As part of a Youth Participatory Action Research project, 11 adolescents (ages 14–19) and one adult ask “How do adolescent community organizers with varying social and political experiences conceptualize youth SPD?” We used a multiple case study design, with a grounded theory analytic approach. The YPAR collective identified four interrelated, experiential domains of youth SPD: thinking, feeling, doing and relating. Within each domain, we identified and defined key constructs and practices. The YPAR collective's qualitative inquiry resulted in more nuance for existing frameworks of critical consciousness and critical action, and the collective pushes the SPD field to better integrate social and emotional aspects of SPD practice. They offer a conceptual framework that is rooted in their experiential, sensory, learned, and social knowledge, from a multiple‐marginalized positionality. These insights enrich the fields of SPD research and practice.
Jahn–Teller Distortions Induced by in situ Li Migration in λ‐MnO2 for Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Gao Zijian , Zhao Zhi‐hao , Wang Haifan , Bai Yiling , Zhang Xuehua , Zhang Zeyu , Mei Hui , Yuan Menglei , Zhang Guangjin
Published: December 2023

Lithium‐mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (Li‐NRR) completely eschews the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurred in aqueous system, whereas the continuous deposition of lithium readily blocks the active sites and further reduces the reaction kinetics. Herein, we propose an innovative in situ Li migration strategy to realize that Li substitutes Mn sites in λ‐MnO2 instead of evolving into the dead Li. Comprehensive characterizations corroborate that the intercalation of Li+ at high voltage breaks the structural integrity of MnO6 octahedron and further triggers unique Jahn–Teller distortions, which promotes the spin state regulation of Mn sites to generate the ameliorative eg orbital configuration and accelerates N≡N bond cleavage via eg‐σ and eg‐π* interaction. To this end, the resulted cationic disordered LiMnO4 delivers the recorded highest NH3 yield rate of 220 μg h−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) 83.80 % in organic electrolyte.
Sterically Controlled Synthesis of Amine‐Free CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets for Stable, Pure‐Blue Light Emission
Authors: Chen Dezhang , Wang Tyler , Kei Ko Pui , Shi Jinquan , Liu Mengxia , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: December 2023

Metal halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) have demonstrated excellent optical properties for light‐emitting applications and achieved tunable blue luminescence through thickness control. However, their translation into electronic devices has lagged behind due to poor colloidal and film stability. The main reason for this is the deprotonation of their surface‐capped ammonium passivating ligands, resulting in NPL aggregation. Here we report the first facile synthesis of amine‐free pure‐blue CsPbBr3 NPLs with outstanding thermal and light stability. This is achieved by utilizing an amine‐free phosphine oxide route with a surface capping molecule exhibiting large steric hindrance to prevent NPL aggregation. Two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy suggests slower ligand exchange in amine‐free NPLs compared to the conventional NPLs, which can be attributed to the strong binding strength of the designated ligand. Consequently, the amine‐free NPLs exhibited superior stability against radiation, heat and moisture. We further demonstrate the importance of acid‐base equilibrium in this amine‐free synthesis route. Through solvent neutralization and passivation with various alkali carbonates, the resulting NPLs attained near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and pure blue emission.
Development of a simultaneous quantification method of imatinib and sunitinib and their main metabolites and its application in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Chen Hefen , Lyu Jianbo , Gong Zhujun , Han Yong , Tao Kaixiong , Zhou Hong
Published: December 2023

Correlations between plasma concentrations of imatinib and sunitinib with efficacy and toxicity have been established. It is crucial to develop a sensitive and precise method for determining the plasma concentrations of imatinib and sunitinib, along with their active metabolites, to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy. Plasma samples were separated on an Agilent ZORBAX SB‐C18 chromatographic column using gradient elution. Quantification was performed using a mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring. The analysis time was 18 min per run, with all analytes and internal standards eluting within 8 min. The calibration range was 25–4000 ng/mL for imatinib, 5–800 ng/mL for N‐desmethyl imatinib (CGP74588), and 2.5–400 ng/mL for sunitinib and N‐desethyl sunitinib (SU12662). Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision were both below 15%, and accuracy ranged between 90.0% and 101.9%. The method was successfully applied to determine blood samples from 120 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors who received imatinib (n = 115) and sunitinib (n = 5). It has been validated as linear, accurate, precise, and robust, making it suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib and sunitinib in routine clinical practice.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a child: A rare case report
Authors: Kunwor Bishal , Sharma Bishal , Chhetri Suchit Thapa , Joshi Prerana , Pradhan Dipendra
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, a rare thrombotic microangiopathy, necessitates early diagnosis and comprehensive care due to its potential severity, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve outcomes.
Trauma and chorioretinal shockwave injury from intra‐orbital foreign body
Authors: Motamed Shariati Mehrdad , Sahraei Naser , Sadeghi Kakhki Mahshid
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

High‐velocity projectile trauma could lead to intra‐orbital foreign body and concomitant chorioretinal shockwave injury in the absence of open‐globe injury. Management depends on the types, size, and location of foreign bodies.
Spontaneous resolution of proximal humerus sessile osteochondroma: A report of case and literature review
Authors: De Siqueira André Luis , Abd‐Elmaged Hozifa Mohammed Ali , Salih Dafaalla , Mustafa Mustafa Elghazali Abuelgassim E.
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

In managing a child with a solitary osteochondroma, the most advisable course of action involves vigilant observation and regular follow‐up, given the potential for spontaneous resolution.

The most frequent benign cartilage tumors in children are osteochondromas, which develop when the growth plate herniates during bone development. Treatment depends on the symptoms, with asymptomatic cases requiring monitoring and symptomatic patients requiring surgical intervention. Rarely, an asymptomatic osteochondroma may spontaneously disappear. We report the case of a 3‐year‐old male who presented with left arm swelling and pain due to trauma while playing football. X‐rays revealed a proximal humerus posterolateral sessile osteochondroma. After 6 months of observation, the boy tolerated activity and had no pain. Five years later, the osteochondroma was resolved spontaneously both clinically and radiologically. Our study suggests that annual observation of child patients with osteochondroma is more effective than surgical intervention due to the possibility of spontaneous resolution.
Eccrine spiradenoma on the anterior forearm in a pediatric patient: A rare case report
Authors: Habib Zeina M. , Al‐janabi Moatasem Hussein , Ahmad Azhar Sayed , Baddour Roula , Issa Rana
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Spiradenoma is a rare benign adnexal tumor arising from eccrine sweat glands. It presents as a painful bluish nodular lesion which occurs rarely over the arms. This case report adds to a case where a recurrent spiradenoma occurred over the arm. The majority of reported cases involve young adults, making our pediatric case particularly unusual. Early diagnosis through excisional biopsy is crucial for optimal management and prevention of recurrence or malignant transformation. Eccrine spiradenoma is an uncommon tumor that should be kept in mind in case of a patient with a painful nodule. More genetic studies are needed for the best understanding of this rare tumor entity.
Conservative management of an advanced external cervical resorption with internal approach using bio‐ceramic materials: A case report
Authors: Ghabraei Sholeh , Bolhari Behnam , Hashemi Nasim , Gharehchahi Hamidreza
Published: December 2023

Key clinical message

A successful management of an advanced external cervical resorption using a conservative approach with CBCT, dental operating microscope, and a new bio‐ceramic material.

External cervical resorption (ECR) is a pathologic condition that is initiated on the external aspect of the root, below the epithelial attachment in the cervical position. This article will report a case of external cervical resorption (ESR) in an advanced stage, which was asymptomatic and was incidentally detected in a follow‐up radiograph after the end of orthodontic treatment. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was prescribed to accurately diagnose the resorptive lesion and differentiate it from internal root resorption (IRR), and the final diagnosis was Heithersay's class IV ECR. Considering the health of the periodontium and the absence of attachment loss, it was decided to use a conservative internal approach to the management of this case. After the treatment, the patient was asymptomatic and the radiographic examinations showed no signs of peri‐radicular pathology during the follow‐up period. With the correct case selection and the availability of the appropriate materials and equipment such as a dental operating microscope (DOM) and bio‐ceramic materials, the internal approach can be a successful and minimally invasive treatment, even for the management of advanced ECR cases.
Primary hepatic functional neuroendocrine tumor in an elderly female: Case report
Authors: Kushwaha Naveen Kumar , Jaiswal Pradeep , Gupta Prashant , Mishra Niharika , Kulkarni Shrirang Vasant
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor, an exceptionally rare subtype, poses a diagnostic challenge. Oncological resections should be considered, even in elderly patients after following protocolized pre‐operative optimizations.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that primarily develop in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. While the liver is commonly affected by NET metastases, primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are an exceptionally rare subtype. The characteristic slow growth and nonfunctional nature of PHNETs pose challenges in their diagnosis. Furthermore, PHNETs often exhibit a lack of unique radiological characteristics that differentiate them from other liver tumors, leading to frequent misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed left hepatectomy for PHNET in an elderly lady with prolonged stormy postoperative course. This case report of a PHNET highlights the importance of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and emphasizes that oncological resection, if feasible, is the preferred treatment even in the elderly population.
The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia on the electrical analogs of beams and plates for multimodal piezoelectric damping
Authors: Luo Alan , Lossouarn Boris , Erturk Alper
Published: December 2023

Analogous electrical networks were previously derived from the Euler–Bernoulli and Kirchhoff–Love theories to represent beams and plates, respectively, for use in multimodal structural vibration damping. However, these networks do not account for shear deformations or rotary inertia, which can result in suboptimal vibration damping performance when used on moderately thick beams and plates. In this paper, we investigate the incorporation of shear deformation and rotary inertia using Timoshenko–Ehrenfest beam theory and Mindlin–Reissner plate theory to develop improved electrical networks that can more accurately represent thick beams and plates. Our findings suggest that the inclusion of shear deformation and rotary inertia can significantly improve the frequency coherence of the electrical networks and multimodal vibration damping for thicker structures. The electrical analogs presented here are of use for various applications, especially to conveniently design complex circuit topologies in fields spanning from vibration attenuation to energy harvesting.
Synthesis of Cryptophanes: Recent Advances
Authors: Kancherla Sindhu , Hansen Jørn H.
Published: December 2023

This review covers the latest developments in the synthesis of cryptophane host molecules since the publication of the last extensive review by Brotin and Dutasta in 2009. The literature has been categorized according to the synthetic method for generating the cryptophane core and we also emphasize emerging late‐stage functionalization approaches. The synthetic strategies towards cryptophanes can be broadly categorized into the well‐established direct‐ (two‐step), template‐ and coupling (or capping) methods. The examples covered in this review mainly highlight template‐based synthesis, coupling approaches and late‐stage functionalization.
Antimony Sulfoiodide‐Based Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Temperature Detection
Authors: Song Heewon , Hajra Sugato , Panda Swati , Hwang Subhin , Kim Nayoon , Jo Junghun , Vittayakorn Naratip , Mistewicz Krystian , Joon Kim Hoe
Published: December 2023

The ferroelectric‐semiconductor behavior of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) has opened up the material as a base for energy‐harvesting devices. Specifically, SbSI has drawn much attention for pyroelectric energy harvesting and thermal sensing with outstanding electrothermal properties. This work investigates the thermistor properties of an SbSI material and presents the development of an SbSI nanorod/Kapton‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for effective energy harvesting and temperature sensing. The TENG based on SbSI/ Kapton operating in vertical contact separation mode delivers a peak‐to‐peak voltage of 90 V and a current of 1510 nA, respectively. Introducing SbSI nanorods for TENG opens the possibility of extending the conventional triboelectric series. The electrical and dielectric properties of the SbSI nanorods are investigated. SbSI exhibits a highly linear temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −0.026 °C−1, making it an excellent candidate material for a thermistor. In addition, the material exhibits an excellent thermal sensitivity (β20/80 = 1612.1 K). For demonstration, the SbSI thermistor is connected with TENG, and the outputs at various temperatures are analyzed for self‐powered temperature sensing. This capability allows for efficient temperature monitoring without relying on external power sources, advancing remote, and autonomous sensing applications.
Preferential flow in the shallow vadose zone: Effect of rainfall intensity, soil moisture, connectivity, and agricultural management
Authors: Williams Mark R. , Ford William I. , Mumbi Rose C. K.
Published: December 2023

Preferential flow is ubiquitous in soils, and it affects water infiltration, runoff, and contaminant transport. Undisturbed soil lysimeters (n = 10; 900 cm2) were collected from an agricultural field to quantify the effect of climate, soil moisture, connectivity, and agricultural practices on water transport through the shallow vadose zone. A series of 10 rainfall simulations was conducted on each lysimeter (n = 100 events) and data were analysed within a framework of five case studies where we assessed the impact of rainfall intensity (n = 30 events), soil moisture (n = 28), and tillage (n = 21). Three lysimeters that had near‐zero flow initially were modified to investigate dynamics of direct surface connectivity through an artificial macropore in which we assessed the impacts of soil moisture (n = 12) and subsequent disruption via tillage (n = 9). Stable water isotopes were used to separate leachate into event (Qe) and pre‐event water (Qpe). Results showed that event water transport in leachate was not affected by rainfall intensity (Qe/Q = 49% ± 21% to 50% ± 24%); however, event water decreased from 65% ± 5% to 23% ± 28% with increasing soil moisture. Lysimeters with artificial macropores resulted in leachate that was nearly all event water (85% ± 12% to 92% ± 4%) irrespective of soil moisture. Tillage decreased event water transport for both lysimeters with and without an artificial macropore by ~30%. Findings show how varying initial and boundary conditions produce a continuum of preferential flow. Water and tracer flux data collected in the current study are therefore essential for predicting conditions with high relevance of preferential flow and contaminant transport when assessing or modelling long‐term hydrographs where these conditions are only met during a small proportion of the flow time.
Extracellular vesicles from organoid‐derived human retinal progenitor cells prevent lipid overload‐induced retinal pigment epithelium injury by regulating fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Gao Hui , Zeng Yuxiao , Huang Xiaona , A Luodan , Liang Qingle , Xie Jing , Lin Xi , Gong Jing , Fan Xiaotang , Zou Ting , Xu Haiwei
Published: December 2023

Retinal degeneration (RD), a group of diseases leading to irreversible vision loss, is characterised by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or retinal neuron damage and loss. With fewer risks of immune rejection and tumorigenesis, stem cell‐secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new cell‐free therapeutic paradigm for RD, which remains to be investigated. Human retinal organoid‐derived retinal progenitor cells (hERO‐RPCs) are an easily accessible and advanced cell source for RD treatment. However, hERO‐RPCs‐derived EVs require further characterisation. Here, we compared the characteristics of EVs from hERO‐RPCs (hRPC‐EVs) with those of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)‐derived EVs (hESC‐EVs) as controls. Based on in‐depth proteomic analysis, we revealed remarkable differences between hRPC‐EVs and hESC‐EVs. A comparison between EVs and their respective cells of origin demonstrated that the protein loading of hRPC‐EVs was more selective than that of hESC‐EVs. In particular, hESC‐EVs were enriched with proteins related to angiogenesis and cell cycle, whereas hRPC‐EVs were enriched with proteins associated with immune modulation and retinal development. More importantly, compared with that of hESC‐EVs, hRPC‐EVs exhibited a lower correlation with cell proliferation and a unique capacity to regulate lipid metabolism. It was further confirmed that hRPC‐EVs potentially eliminated lipid deposits, inhibited lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, and enhanced phagocytosis and survival of oleic acid‐treated ARPE‐19 cells. Mechanistically, hRPC‐EVs are integrated into the mitochondrial network of oleic acid‐treated ARPE‐19 cells, and increased the level of mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation‐related proteins. Thus, organoid‐derived hRPC‐EVs represent a promising source of cell‐free therapy for RD, especially for blinding diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism in RPE cells.