bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eWOM in reward-based crowdfunding platforms: a behavioral approach
Authors: Sendra Pons Pau , Comeig Ramírez Irene
Published: July 2020

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) plays a crucial role in influencingpurchasing decisions of consumers as it provides them with further assurancein situations governed by asymmetric information. In this context, investorsinteracting in reward-based crowdfunding platforms might modify theirpurchasing intentions according to recommendations of peers and experts.The objective of this paper is to analyze the power of eWOM to shapeconsumers’ initial purchasing intentions by conducting an experimentthrough Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). This online experimental toolallows for an instant access to a large and culturally diverse subject pool,making it easier for researchers to conduct behavioral research requiringlarge amounts of subjects. By recreating a reward-based crowdfundingwebpage and tracking how consumers’ product choice varies due torecommendations of other buyers and experts, current research confirmseWOM power in modifying purchasing decisions as well as prevalence ofother buyers’ recommendations over those of experts. Additionally, it istested AMT as a crowdsourcing platform that enables scholars to carry outonline research related to economics and social sciences.
Evaluating accredited mHealth applications. An exploratory study
Authors: Sancha Pilar , Gessa Ana , Jiménez Amor
Published: July 2020

There are over 150.000 mHealth apps currently available, but few haveundergone an external quality review. Standards and validation practicesregarding mobile health apps need to be established to ensure their properuse and integration into medical practice.This study aimed to explore the attributes of mobile health apps that havebeen awarded by a Quality Seal, and how these attributes relate to the apps’user, developer, category and consumer ratings.For the analysis of the 30 acredited apps, we collected data from multipleopen data sources. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize h-apps’ keycharacteristics, and a chi-squared test was used to determine whether therewere significant relationships between the apps and their quality attributes.Although the applications analysed are characterised by their heterogeneity,this research found that seven out of 50 remarkable attributes had significantinfluence on the application evaluation process, according to therecommendations on design, use and assessment of health fromAppSaludable. Only some attributes (adaptation of contents, pilot testing,and accessibility and usability) were correlated with some apps’ features.This study can contribute to improving both the processes of validation andquality of medical care of the citizens and in general, the medical practice.
Extracting User Behavior at Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Transformer Deep Learning Models
Authors: Asensio Omar Isaac , Marchetto Daniel J , Ha Sooji , Dharur Sameer
Published: July 2020

Mobile applications have become widely popular for their ability to access real-time information. In electric vehicle (EV) mobility, these applications are used by drivers to locate charging stations in public spaces, pay for charging transactions, and engage with other users. This activity generates a rich source of data about charging infrastructure and behavior. However, an increasing share of this data is stored as unstructured text—inhibiting our ability to interpret behavior in real-time. In this article, we implement recent transformer-based deep learning algorithms, BERT and XLnet, that have been tailored to automatically classify short user reviews about EV charging experiences. We achieve classification results with a mean accuracy of over 91% and a mean F1 score of over 0.81 allowing for more precise detection of topic categories, even in the presence of highly imbalanced data. Using these classification algorithms as a pre-processing step, we analyze a U.S. national dataset with econometric methods to discover the dominant topics of discourse in charging infrastructure. After adjusting for station characteristics and other factors, we find that the functionality of a charging station is the dominant topic among EV drivers and is more likely to be discussed at points-of-interest with negative user experiences.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter in Tourism Destinations
Authors: Perez Cabañero Carmen , Bigne Enrique , Ruiz Mafe Carla , Cuenca Antonio Carlos
Published: July 2020

Given the importance of electronic word of mouth (eWOM), this paperanalyses the content of messages generated by users related to a touristdestination and shared through Twitter. We propose three research questionsregarding eWOM behaviour in Twitter focused on the expertise of thereviewer, sentiment analysis of a tweet and its content. In order to addressthose research questions we carry out text mining analysis by retrievingexisting information on Twitter (over 1500 tweets) regarding to Venice as atourist destination.
Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility through Twitter: a topic model analysis on selected companies
Authors: Bianchi Annamaria , Salvatore Camilla , Biffignandi Silvia
Published: July 2020

Social media are fundamental in creating new opportunities for firms and they represent a relevant tool for the communication and the engagement with customers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the communication of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities on Twitter. We consider the listed companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index and we implement a topic model analysis on their timelines. In order to identify the topic discussed, their correlation, and their evolution over time and sectors,we apply the Structural Topic Model algorithm, which allows estimating the model including document-level metadata. This model proves to be a powerful tool for topic detection and for estimating the effects of document-level metadata. Indeed, we find that the topics are overall well identified, and the model allows catching signals from the data. Finally, we discuss issues related to the validity of the analysis, including data quality problems.
India
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: July 2020

Although Tamil Nadu’s public financial management has been characterized by strong fiscal discipline to date, risks and challenges are emerging. The State has largely observed the Fiscal Responsibility Act targets on debts and deficit (25 percent and 3 percent to GSDP, respectively) except during the electricity bailout in 2016–17.1 However, these targets appear to have been met by
(1) controlling and delaying expenditure, (2) underallocating mandated payments to various reserve funds, and (3) allowing off-budget borrowing by Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). Accordingly, the State’s borrowing capacity is restricted, leaving limited fiscal space to address high priority needs in education, health, electricity, roads, and water sectors, as well as to address growing infrastructure pressures. More than 63 percent of the State’s spending on current items is committed, to salaries, pensions, and interest payments. Little room remains for additional borrowing to fund spending pressures; moreover, climate change is likely to exacerbate fiscal risks from water stress and natural disasters.
Papua New Guinea
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic erupted just as the government was beginning to implement wide-ranging fiscal, foreign exchange, structural, and governance measures under a Staff-Monitored Program (SMP). The authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to these reforms, but the impact of the crisis is generating balance of payments and fiscal gaps of 4 and 3 percent of GDP, respectively. In the near term, risks are primarily on the downside, especially if there is a widespread local outbreak of the virus. Papua New Guinea’s longer-term outlook remains positive, largely reflecting the likelihood of major resource sector projects.
Tonga
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: July 2020

Tonga is one of the world’s most exposed countries to climate change and natural disasters. It suffered the highest loss from natural disasters in the world (as a ratio to GDP) in 2018 and is among the top five over the last decade (Table 1). Climate change will make this worse. Cyclones will become more intense, with more damage from wind and sea surges. Rising sea levels will cause more flooding, coastal erosion and contaminate fresh water. Daily high temperatures will become more extreme, with more severe floods and drought.
Republic of Poland
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Published: July 2020

The Polish government is making good progress with implementing the ambitious Budget System Reforms (BSR) program, first approved by the Council of Ministers (CoM) in 2016. The government demonstrates a high level of commitment to these reforms and is making significant progress in implementing the recommendations of earlier FAD missions with the support of the resident advisor.
Attendance by Officials of International Agencies at Fund Training
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: July 2020

On September 3, 2010, the Executive Board authorized the Managing Director to approve training to officials of international agencies.
Statement by The Managing Director on the Work Program of The Executive Board
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: July 2020

The COVID 19 crisis continues to take a heavy human and economic toll. The outlook remains highly uncertain as many countries are facing the economic fallout of the pandemic. This has led to an unprecedented surge in demand for Fund support and a strain on staff resources. Against this backdrop, and in line with the strategic priorities laid out in the Spring 2020 Global Policy Agenda and the International Monetary and Financial Committee Communiqué, this crisis focused Work Program (WP) lays out essential work during May to October aimed at helping countries to mitigate the crisis, restore stability, and prepare for a strong and sustainable recovery.
The WP implies a large increase in Board items compared with last year, reflecting mostly informal and more frequent updates on how this rapidly evolving crisis affects economic and financial developments and relevant policies. Other work streams are delayed; they are outlined in the WP and will be included in the Board agenda once there is more clarity on how the evolution of the pandemic will impact crisis related work.
Serum and synovial fluid concentrations of interleukin-18 and interleukin-20 in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and their correlation with other markers of inflammation and turnover of joint cartilage
Authors: Waszczykowski Michał , Fabiś-Strobin Anna , Bednarski Igor , Narbutt Joanna , Fabiś Jarosław
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, and its aetiology is not entirely known. The aim of the study was to evaluate the involvement of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-20 (IL-20) in the pathogenesis of knee OA and their correlations with other markers of inflammation and destruction of joint cartilage, as well as clinical and radiological changes.

Material and methods

The study included 25 patients with knee OA and a control group. The concentration of IL-18, IL-20, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3, COMP, PG-AG, and YKL-40 in serum and synovial fluid (SF) were determined. We also evaluated radiological lesions of the knee joint according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) scale, and clinical severity of the disease according to Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne Index.

Results

The concentrations of IL-18 and IL-20 were statistically significantly higher in serum of patients with OA than in the control group (106.00 ±189.76 pg/ml vs. 16.73 ±16.99 pg/ml, p < 0.001, 17.69 ±13.45 pg/ml vs. 9.76 ±9.00 pg/ml, p < 0.014). Serum concentration of IL-18 positively correlated with MMP-3 (R = 0.58; p = 0.006) and YKL-40 (R = 0.48; p = 0.002). The degree of radiological advancement of OA (K-L scale) correlated positively with clinical evaluation (WOMAC, R = 0.74, p ≤ 0.001; Lequesne Index, R = 0.57, p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The analysis of ROC curves showed that IL-20 as well as COMP, MMP-3, and YKL-40 may be diagnostic markers of knee OA. The observations indicate that IL-18 potentially mediates mainly in intra-articular processes and IL-20 could be primarily responsible for the systemic inflammatory reaction.
Influence of childhood overweight and obesity on foot and lower limb pain in a population of primary school children
Authors: Jiménez-Cebrián Ana , Roman-Bravo Pedro , Morente-Bernal María , Alonso-Ríos Juan , De-la-Cruz-Torres Blanca , Romero-Morales Carlos , Navarro-Flores Emmanuel , Montiel-Luque Alonso
Published: July 2020

Introduction

In childhood, juvenile obesity affects the functional characteristics of the lower limb, predisposing children to pain, discomfort and musculoskeletal comorbidities. This cross-sectional descriptive study analyses the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and foot/lower limb pain in a population of primary school children.

Material and methods

The study population consisted of 150 children aged 9–12 years recruited at a primary school in Malaga (Spain). None had pathologic feet. Anthropometric and demographic data were compiled by questionnaire and by personal interview. Among other variables, the foot posture index was calculated and knee alignment was measured. In the statistical analysis, the dependent variables considered were foot and lower limb pain, and the predictor variables were age, sex, body mass index, sports activity, foot posture index and knee alignment. A descriptive analysis of these variables was performed, together with an association analysis (using the 2 test) and a multivariate analysis (using binary logistic regression).

Results

In the study sample, 47.3% were girls, 15.3% were overweight and 12.7% obese. The overall prevalence of foot pain was 10.7% and that of lower limb pain, 27.3%. Of the study variables analyzed, the only ones significantly related to both foot pain and lower limb pain were overweight and obesity.

Conclusions

Overweight and obesity are the main factors related to pain in the feet and lower limbs in primary school children.
The behavior of high-CAPE summer convection in large-domain large-eddy simulations with ICON
Authors: Rybka Harald , Burkhardt Ulrike , Köhler Martin , Arka Ioanna , Bugliaro Luca , Görsdorf Ulrich , Horváth Ákos , Meyer Catrin I. , Reichardt Jens , Seifert Axel , Strandgren Johan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Current state of the art regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models employ kilometre scale horizontal grid resolutions thereby simulating convection within its grey-zone. Increasing resolution leads to resolving the 3D motion field and has been shown to improve the representation of clouds and precipitation. Using a hectometer-scale model in forecasting mode on a large domain therefore offers a chance to study processes that require the simulation of the 3D motion field at small horizontal scales, such as deep summertime moist convection, a notorious problem in NWP. We use the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic weather and climate model in large-eddy simulation mode (ICON-LEM) to simulate deep moist convection distinguishing between scattered, large scale dynamically forced and frontal convection. We use different ground and satellite based observational data sets, that supply information on ice water content and path, ice cloud cover and cloud top height on a similar scale as the simulations, in order to evaluate and constrain our model simulations. We find that the timing and geometric extent of the convectively generated cloud shield agrees well with observations while the life time of the convective anvil was, at least in one case, significantly overestimated. Given the large uncertainties of individual ice water path observations, we use a suite of observations in order to better constrain the simulations. ICON-LEM simulates cloud ice water path that lies in-between the different observational data sets but simulations appear to be biased towards a large frozen water path (all frozen hydrometeors). The bias in frozen water path and the longevity of the anvil are little affected by modifications of parameters within the microphysical scheme. In particular one of our convective days appeared to be very sensitive to the initial and boundary conditions which had a large impact on the convective triggering, but little impact on the high frozen water path and long anvil life time bias. Based on this limited set of sensitivity experiments, the evolution of locally forced convection appears to depend more on the uncertainty of the large-scale dynamical state based on data assimilation than of microphysical parameters. Overall, we judge ICON-LEM simulations of deep moist convection to be very close to observations regarding timing, geometrical structure and cloud ice water path of the convective anvil, but other frozen hydrometeors, in particular graupel, are likely overestimated. Therefore, ICON-LEM supplies important information for weather forecasting and forms a good basis for parameterization development based on physical processes or machine learning.
Technical note: Facilitating the use of low-cost methane (CH4) sensors in flux chambers – calibration, data processing, and an open-source make-it-yourself logger
Authors: Bastviken David , Nygren Jonatan , Schenk Jonathan , Parellada Massana Roser , Duc Nguyen Thanh
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A major bottleneck regarding the efforts to better quantify greenhouse gas fluxes, map sources and
sinks, and understand flux regulation is the shortage of low-cost and accurate-enough measurement
methods. The studies of methane (CH4) – a long-lived greenhouse gas increasing rapidly
but irregularly in the atmosphere for unclear reasons, and with poorly understood source–sink
attribution – suffer from such method limitations. This study presents new calibration and data
processing approaches for use of a low-cost CH4 sensor in flux chambers. Results show
that the change in relative CH4 levels can be determined at rather high accuracy in the
2–700 ppm mole fraction range, with modest efforts of collecting reference samples
in situ and without continuous access to expensive reference instruments. This opens
possibilities for more affordable and time-effective measurements of CH4 in flux
chambers. To facilitate such measurements, we also provide a description for building and using an
Arduino logger for CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), relative humidity, and
temperature.
A photogrammetry-based approach for soil bulk density measurements with an emphasis on applications to cosmogenic nuclide analysis
Authors: Mohren Joel , Binnie Steven A. , Rink Gregor M. , Knödgen Katharina , Miranda Carlos , Tilly Nora , Dunai Tibor J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The quantification of soil bulk density (ρB) is a cumbersome and time-consuming task when traditional soil density sampling techniques are applied. However, it can be important for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) production rate scaling when deriving ages or surface process rates from buried samples, in particular when short-lived TCN such as in situ 14C are applied. Here we show that soil density determinations can be made using structure-from-motion multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry-based volume reconstructions of sampling pits. Accuracy and precision tests as found in the literature and as conducted in this study clearly indicate that photographs taken from both a consumer-grade digital single lens mirrorless (DSLM) and a smartphone camera are of sufficient quality to produce accurate and precise modelling results, i.e. to regularly reproduce the true volume and/or density by > 95 %. This finding holds also if a freeware-based computing workflow is applied. The technique has been used to measure ρB along three small-scale (
Global rules for translating land-use change (LUH2) to land-cover change for CMIP6 using GLM2
Authors: Ma Lei , Hurtt George C. , Chini Louise P. , Sahajpal Ritvik , Pongratz Julia , Frolking Steve , Stehfest Elke , Klein Goldewijk Kees , O'Leary Donal , Doelman Jonathan C.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change activities play a critical role
in Earth system dynamics through significant alterations to biogeophysical
and biogeochemical properties at local to global scales. To quantify the
magnitude of these impacts, climate models need consistent land-cover change
time series at a global scale, based on land-use information from
observations or dedicated land-use change models. However, a specific
land-use change cannot be unambiguously mapped to a specific land-cover
change. Here, nine translation rules are evaluated based on assumptions
about the way land-use change could potentially impact land cover. Utilizing
the Global Land-use Model 2 (GLM2), the model underlying the latest Land-Use
Harmonization dataset (LUH2), the land-cover dynamics resulting from
land-use change were simulated based on multiple alternative translation
rules from 850 to 2015 globally. For each rule, the resulting forest cover,
carbon density and carbon emissions were compared with independent
estimates from remote sensing observations, U.N. Food and Agricultural
Organization reports, and other studies. The translation rule previously
suggested by the authors of the HYDE 3.2 dataset, that underlies LUH2, is
consistent with the results of our examinations at global, country and grid
scales. This rule recommends that for CMIP6 simulations, models should (1) completely clear vegetation in land-use changes from primary and secondary
land (including both forested and non-forested) to cropland, urban land and
managed pasture; (2) completely clear vegetation in land-use changes from
primary forest and/or secondary forest to rangeland; (3) keep vegetation in
land-use changes from primary non-forest and/or secondary non-forest to
rangeland. Our analysis shows that this rule is one of three (out of nine)
rules that produce comparable estimates of forest cover, vegetation carbon
and emissions to independent estimates and also mitigate the anomalously
high carbon emissions from land-use change observed in previous studies in
the 1950s. According to the three translation rules, contemporary global
forest area is estimated to be 37.42×106 km2, within the range
derived from remote sensing products. Likewise, the estimated carbon stock
is in close agreement with reference biomass datasets, particularly over
regions with more than 50 % forest cover.
A multi-sourced assessment of the spatio-temporal dynamic of soil saturation in the MARINE flash flood model
Authors: Eeckman Judith , Roux Hélène , Douinot Audrey , Bonan Bertrand , Albergel Clément
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The MARINE hydrological model is a distributed model dedicated to flash flood simulation. Recent developments of the MARINE model are exploited in this work: on the one hand, formerly relying on water height, transfers of water through the subsurface now take place in a homogeneous soil column based on the volumetric soil water content (SSF model). On the other hand, the soil column is divided into two layers, which represent respectively the upper soil layer and the deep weathered rocks (SSF-DWF model). The aim of the present work is to assess the performances of these new representations for the simulation of soil saturation during flash flood events. An exploration of the various products available in the literature for soil moisture estimation is performed. The performances of the models are estimated with respect to several soil moisture products, either at the local scale or spatially extended: i) The gridded soil moisture product provided by the operational modeling chain SAFRAN-ISBA-MODCOU; ii) The gridded soil moisture product provided by the LDAS-Monde assimilation chain, based on the ISBA-a-gs land surface model and assimilating satellite derived data; iii) the upper soil moisture hourly measurements taken from the SMOSMANIA observation network; iv) The Soil Water Index provided by the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), derived from Sentinel1/C-band SAR and ASCAT satellite data. The case study is performed over two French Mediterranean catchments impacted by flash flood events over the 2017–2019 period. The local comparison of the MARINE outputs with the SMOSMANIA measurements, as well as the comparison at the basin scale of the MARINE outputs with the gridded LDAS-Monde and CGLS data lead to the same conclusions: both the dynamics and the amplitudes of the soil moisture simulated with the SSF and SSF-DWF models are better correlated with both the SMOSMANIA measurements and the LDAS-Monde data than the outputs of the base model. The opportunity of improving the two-layers model calibration is then discussed. In conclusion, the developments presented for the representation of subsurface flow in the MARINE model enhance the soil moisture simulation during flash floods, with respect to both gridded data and local soil moisture measurements.
Automatic identification of alternating morphological units in river channels using wavelet analysis and ridge extraction
Authors: Mahdade Mounir , Le Moine Nicolas , Moussa Roger , Navratil Oldrich , Ribstein Pierre
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The accuracy of hydraulic models depends on the quality of the bathymetric data they are based on, whatever the scale at which they are applied. The along-stream (longitudinal) and cross-sectional geometry of natural rivers is known to vary at the scale of the hydrographic network (e.g., generally decreasing slope, increasing width in the downstream direction), allowing parameterizations of main cross-sectional parameters with large-scale proxies such as drainage area or bankfull discharge (an approach coined downstream hydraulic geometry, DHG). However, higher-frequency morphological variability (i.e., at river reach scale) is known to occur for many stream types, associated with varying flow conditions along a given reach, such as the alternate bars or the pool–riffle sequences and meanders. To consider this high-frequency variability of the geometry in the hydraulic models, a first step is to design robust methods to characterize the scales at which it occurs. In this paper, we introduce new wavelet analysis tools in the field of geomorphic analysis (namely, wavelet ridge extraction) to identify the pseudo-periodicity of alternating morphological units from a general point of view (focusing on pool–riffle sequences) for six small French rivers. This analysis can be performed on a single variable (univariate case) but also on multiple variables (multivariate case). In this study, we choose a set of four variables describing the flow degrees of freedom: velocity, hydraulic radius, bed shear stress, and a planform descriptor that quantifies the local deviation of the channel from its mean direction. Finally, this method is compared with the bedform differencing technique (BDT), by computing the mean, median, and standard deviation of their longitudinal spacings. The two methods show agreement in the estimation of the wavelength in all reaches except one. The method aims to extract a pseudo-periodicity of the alternating bedforms that allow objective identification of morphological units in a continuous approach with the maintenance of correlations between variables (i.e., at many station hydraulic geometry, AMHG) without the need to define a prior threshold for each variable to characterize the transition from one unit to another.
The competition between fracture nucleation, propagation and coalescence in the crystalline continental upper crust
Authors: McBeck Jessica A. , Zhu Wenlu , Renard François
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Different modes of fracture growth produce fracture networks with distinctive geometric attributes that exert important controls on the extent of fluid-rock interactions. We perform in situ X-ray tomography triaxial compression experiments on monzonite to investigate the influence of fracture nucleation, preexisting fracture propagation, and coalescence on fracture network development in crystalline rocks under crustal conditions. We impose a confining pressure of 20–35 MPa and then increase the differential stress in steps until the rock fails macroscopically. After each stress step we acquire a three-dimensional (3D) X-ray adsorption coefficient field from which we extract the 3D fracture network. To examine the influence of pore fluid on fracture network development, we perform two experiments under nominally-dry conditions and one under water-saturated conditions with 5 MPa pore fluid pressure. We develop a method of tracking individual fractures between subsequent tomographic scans that identifies whether fractures grow from the coalescence and linkage of several fractures or from the propagation of a single fracture. Throughout loading until shortly before failure in all of the experiments, the volume of coalescing fractures is smaller than the volume of propagating fractures, indicating that fracture propagation dominates coalescence. Immediately preceding failure, however, the volume of coalescing fractures is at least double the volume of propagating fractures in the experiments deformed at nominally dry conditions. In the water-saturated sample, although the volume of coalescing fractures increases during this stage, the volume of propagating fractures remains dominant. The influence of stress corrosion cracking associated with hydration reactions at fracture tips and/or dilatant hardening may explain the observed difference in fracture development under dry and water-saturated conditions. Our experimental data on fracture growth at different conditions provide new constraints in assessing fluid flow in subsurface fracture networks that are central to energy and environmental engineering practices.
Modelling perennial firn aquifers in the Antarctic Peninsula (1979–2016)
Authors: van Wessem J. Melchior , Steger Christian R. , Wever Nander , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We use two snow models, the IMAU Firn Densification Model (IMAU-FDM) and SNOWPACK, to model firn characteristics in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). We force these models with mass and energy fluxes from the Regional Atmospheric Climate MOdel (RACMO2.3p2) to construct a 1979–2016 climatology of AP firn density, temperature and liquid water content. A comparison with 75 snow temperature observations at 10 m depth and with density from 11 firn cores, suggests that both snow models perform adequately. In this study, we focus on the detection of so-called perennial firn aquifers (PFAs), that are formed when surface meltwater percolates into the firnpack in summer, is then buried by snowfall, and does not refreeze during the following winter. In 941 model grid points, covering ~ 28,000 km2, PFAs existed for at least one year in the simulated period, most notably in the western AP. At these locations, surface meltwater production exceeds 150 to 300 mm w.e. yr−1, with accumulation at least an order of magnitude larger. Most pronounced and widespread are PFAs modelled on and around Wilkins ice shelf. Here, both meltwater production and accumulation rates are sufficiently high to cause PFA formation in most years in the 1979–2016 period, covering a large part of the ice shelf. Other notable PFA locations are Wordie ice shelf, an ice shelf that has almost completely disappeared in recent decades, and the relatively warm northwestern mountain ranges of Palmer Land, where accumulations rates can be extremely large and PFAs are formed frequently. We find that not only the magnitude of melt and accumulation is important, but also the timing. If large accumulation events occur in the months following an above average summer melt event, this favours PFA formation in that year. Finally, we find that most PFAs are predicted near the grounding lines of the (former) Prince Gustav, Wilkins and Wordie ice shelves. This highlights the need to further investigate how PFAs may impact ice shelf disintegration events, in a similar way as supraglacial lakes do.
Refining the sea surface identification approach for determining freeboards in the ICESat-2 sea ice products
Authors: Kwok Ron , Petty Alek A. , Bagnardi Marco , Kurtz Nathan T. , Cunningham Glenn F. , Ivanoff Alvaro
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In Release 1 and 2 of the ICESat-2 sea ice products, candidate height segments used to estimate the reference sea surface height for freeboard calculations included two surface types: specular and smooth dark leads. We found that the uncorrected photon rates, used as proxies of surface reflectance, are attenuated due to clouds resulting in the potential misclassification of sea ice as dark leads, biasing the reference sea surface height relative to those derived from the more reliable specular returns. This results in higher reference sea surface heights and lowering estimated ice freeboards. Resolution of available cloud flags from the ICESat-2 atmosphere data product are too coarse to provide useful filtering at the lead segment scale. In Release 3, we have modified the surface reference finding algorithm so that only specular leads are used. The consequence of this change can be seen in the freeboard composites of the Arctic and Southern Ocean. Broadly, coverages have decreased by ~10–20 % because there are fewer leads (by excluding the dark leads), and the composite means have increased by 0–4 cm because of the use of more consistent specular leads.
Social responsibility and social partnership in the 4th industrial revolution context: case of Ukraine
Authors: Danylevych Natalia , Poplavska Oksana
Published: July 2020

Las relaciones laborales y sociales están cambiando rápidamente bajo la influencia de la innovación. Esto es especialmente cierto hoy en día, cuando la 4ª revolución industrial y la digitalización exponen problemas sociales en todo el mundo: riesgos ambientales, una inconsistencia entre la calidad de la fuerza laboral y las necesidades del mercado, la estratificación profunda de la sociedad y el crecimiento de la fuerza laboral. índice de pobreza, etc. Los autores en su artículo demuestran la posibilidad y la necesidad de utilizar herramientas de diálogo social para resolver problemas globales. Con este fin, se propuso implementar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en el modelo de responsabilidad social corporativa a través del diálogo social. Después de haber estudiado las interrelaciones del diálogo social y la responsabilidad social corporativa en el entorno de la economía digital, los autores han desarrollado un modelo teórico de oportunidades de digitalización que afectaría la eficiencia de la asociación social. El artículo también propone una metodología para evaluar la calidad del diálogo social, que consta de una serie de indicadores, entre los que se incluyen: el potencial salarial, el índice de riesgo de empleo inestable, el indicador general de las condiciones de trabajo, la satisfacción con el índice de diálogo social. Basados en los resultados de un análisis cualitativo del diálogo social y el análisis de contenido de los contratos y acuerdos laborales sociales en Ucrania, los autores diseñaron un modelo de la plataforma de innovación y experiencia para proyectos de RSE y sugirieron formas de aprovechar las oportunidades de digitalización para mejorar la calidad de diálogo social y aumento de la eficiencia de la responsabilidad social corporativa.
Impact of 21st-Century Collaboration on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Understandings of Acid-Base Concepts in Selected Science Colleges of Education in Ghana
Authors: Kemetse Judith Kafui , Darkwa Samuel Agyekum , Akpanglo-Nartey Richard Koranteng
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the impact of 21st-century collaboration on pre-service teachers’ comprehension of acid-base concepts in selected science colleges of education in the Volta Region of Ghana. A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used in this study. The Acids-Bases Chemistry Achievement Test (ABCAT) was adapted from Damanhuri, Treagust, Won, and Chandrasegaran, (2016) to evaluate the extent to which pre-service science teachers in Ghanaian science colleges of education achieved the intended curriculum on acid-base concepts, specifically, concentration in mol/dm3 or g/dm3, properties of acids and bases, pH, pOH, neutralisation reaction and titrimetry. A sample of 52 second year pre-service science teachers from two intact science colleges of education was conveniently selected to participate in the study. An ABCAT comprising 19 items made up of 10 multiple-choice items and nine two-tier multiple-choice items was administered to pre-service science teachers as pre-test and post-test. Students taught with the 21st-century collaboration performed better than those taught using the Lecture method (LM) concerning acid-base conception when one-way between-group analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment was conducted on ABCAT. The results suggest that 21st-century collaboration facilitated the conceptual understandings of pre-service teachers in the experimental group.
Saber Histórico e Desenvolvimento das Competências de Leitura e Escrita no Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Eschriqui Vieira Pinto Jorge
Published: July 2020

O saber histórico de sala de aula pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta para a formação cidadã dos alunos na medida que relaciona os problemas, os desafios, as demandas e a participação dos diversos atores sociais no cenário sócio-político contemporâneo às identidades, negociações, lutas e conquistas dos vários segmentos sociais que contribuíram no passado para a formação da sociedade nacional. Isso demanda práticas pedagógicas que superem o ensino tradicional da disciplina de História baseado na transmissão de conteúdos prontos e acabados e na memorização de datas, fatos e personagens, tornando-se os alunos em sujeitos ativos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, capazes de refletirem criticamente sobre os conteúdos abordados em sala e os relacionar com a realidade vivida por eles. A base dessa reflexão é a capacidade argumentativa, que depende fundamentalmente do estímulo ao desenvolvimento das competências de leitura e escrita. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o Currículo Oficial do Estado de São Paulo articula a aquisição destas competências com o aprendizado dos conteúdos trabalhados pela História a partir do 6º ano do ensino fundamental.
Reelaboração da memória da ditadura: literatura e legislação brasileira à luz de experiências argentinas
Authors: Freire José Carlos , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: July 2020

O trabalho discute a reelaboração da memória no período posterior à ditadura civil-militar no Brasil tomando como referência dois elementos: a legislação e a literatura. Na primeira parte do texto, discutimos aspectos gerais sobre a Justiça de Transição e ocupamo-nos do papel da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV), implantada no Brasil apenas em 2011. Como exercício comparativo – com pretensão de iluminar nossa própria experiência – analisamos também aspectos da Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas (CONADEP), criada na Argentina ainda em 1983. Na sequência, apresentamos aspectos gerais sobre a noção de memória, história e redenção em Walter Benjamin. Este referencial norteará a terceira parte na qual faremos igualmente um exercício comparativo entre a experiência brasileira e a argentina, tomando como suporte a literatura. Os livros são: no Brasil, K. Relato de uma busca (2011), de Bernardo Kucinski; na Argentina, Mi nombre es Victoria (2009), de Victoria Donda. Ao final concluímos que tanto os trabalhos das Comissões dos dois países como a diferença entre as duas narrativas literárias de desaparecimentos evidenciam a dificuldade do Brasil em elaborar o seu passado ditatorial.
História: Questões e Debates 40 anos
Authors: Brepohl Marion
Published: July 2020

Histórico da Revista História: Questões e Debates em comemoração de seus quarenta anos de publicação.
RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS NO COMÉRCIO DE MOTOCICLETAS E HISTÓRICO DE ACIDENTES DE 2007 A 2017
Authors: Bermudes Wanderson Lyrio , Fontana Kleidismar Ramos
Published: July 2020

O ramo de empresas de comercio por atacado e varejo de motocicletas, peças e acessórios tem crescido bastante no Brasil e em conjunto os registros de acidente no trabalho que acumularam de 2007 a 2017 um total 9.082 eventos. O estudo sobre as condições de riscos em um estabelecimento de comércio por atacado e a varejo de motocicletas, peças e acessórios localizadas em Vitória no Espírito Santo tem como objetivo identificar os riscos e avaliá-los para inclusão de controles, além de apresentar os dados históricos de acidente desse segmento para subsidiar programa de prevenção de acidentes. Como metodologias foram adotados os parâmetros das normas oriundas do Governo Federal para identificação e avaliação de risco e os dados de acidente disponíveis no Anuário Estatístico de Acidente de Trabalho do Ministério da Previdência Social. Como resultado foi observado o agente físico ruído, com intensidade inferior ao limite permitido, risco de acidente e exposição eventual a agentes químicos. Os acidentes de trajeto possuem maior incidência nesse segmento e foi identificada redução da incidência de acidentes de trabalho no período pesquisado. Sugere-se nessa pesquisa a adoção de medidas de controle dos riscos de acidente e a conservação da intensidade do ruído abaixo do nível de ação.
PROPOSTA DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA 5S EM UMA DISTRIBUIDORA DE DOCES
Authors: Fraga Georgia Sathler , Longhini Tatielle Menolli , Brito Heitor Cardoso
Published: July 2020

Em tempos de acirrada concorrência, as empresas buscam meios para se diferenciar colocando em pauta a melhoria da qualidade de seus serviços. Este trabalho é resultado de um estudo desenvolvido em uma empresa distribuidora de doces que tem como objetivo propor a implantação do programa 5s, associado às etapas do ciclo PDCA para a melhoria na qualidade dos serviços prestados. Foi realizado um diagnóstico da empresa através de observação direta e registro por fotografias, onde foram descritos os principais problemas que afetam a produtividade dos funcionários, a fim de elaborar o planejamento e sugerir o plano de ação da execução, verificação e intervenção. Comprovou-se assim que o ciclo PDCA é uma importante metodologia auxiliadora no planejamento e implantação do programa 5s que visa a melhoria contínua como estratégia de crescimento.
APLICAÇÃO DO SMED PARA REDUÇÃO DO TEMPO DE SET UP EM UMA MÁQUINA INJETORA DE PLÁSTICOS
Authors: Vieira Everton Luiz , Cambruzzi Claudio Luis
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a aplicação da ferramenta Troca Rápida de Ferramentas (TRF) no processo de injeção de plástico de uma indústria no estado de Santa Catarina. O objetivo desse trabalho é propor a aplicação da metodologia TRF para a redução do tempo de set up, durante a troca de moldes em uma injetora, analisando as atividades do processo de set up da empresa, foram observados problemas durante sua execução, foi possível identificar e mapear os tipos de set ups internos e externos, o que resultou na diminuição dos tempos de preparação dos equipamentos utilizando o método de Shingo (1985), foi elaborado e padronizado um novo processo de set up para a realização da troca de moldes em uma injetora, o que possibilitou a redução de cerca de 70% no tempo de preparação das máquinas.
APLICAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE VSM EM UMA EMPRESA DO SETOR DE MÁQUINAS INDUSTRIAIS PARA PROCESSAMENTO DE ALIMENTOS
Authors: Comin Dionei Roberto , Santos Antonio Jose
Published: July 2020

Atualmente empresas tem buscado cada vez mais métodos e ferramentas para auxiliar a enxergar os desperdícios e agir para eliminá-los. O sistema Toyota de Produção apresenta várias ferramentas de gestão que visam auxiliar a melhoria do sistema produtivo, uma delas é o Value Stream Mapping (VSM), ou Mapeamento de Fluxo de valor (MFV), com foco na eliminação dos desperdícios, otimização do fluxo de processos e informações na manufatura, por meio da construção de um mapa do cenário atual e perspectiva de um cenário futuro. Esse trabalho apresenta o VSM como uma ferramenta que auxilia na implantação dos princípios da produção enxuta nas operações de manufatura em uma empresa do setor de máquinas industriais customizadas para processamento de alimentos. No caso em questão a empresa produz equipamentos customizados, onde cada equipamento tem suas características construtivas próprias, apresentando variabilidade no tempo de produção de cada um. O VSM auxiliou a identificar os desperdícios e problemas na manufatura, demonstrando uma projeção futura de ganhos, onde os resultados preliminares já demonstram o potencial de melhoria para o processo atual de manufatura. Dentre os resultados mais relevantes, destacam-se a redução de ordens em processo, eliminação de gargalos, estoques intermediários e otimização do processo produtivo.
Créditos
Authors: Paz Lorena Carvalho da
Published: July 2020

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CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER IN THE GROWTH OF Dalbergia nigra SEEDLINGS
Authors: Santos Aline Ramalho dos , Gonçalves Elzimar De Oliveira , Gibson Elbya Leão , Araújo Emanuel França , Caldeira Marcos Vinicius Winckler
Published: July 2020

For the realization of forest restoration projects, it is essential to produce native seedlings in quantity, also necessary that they present greater vegetative vigor and good nutritional status. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze the growth and nutrition of phosphorus of Dalbergia nigra seedlings from two sources cultivated with doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme 2 x 4, referring to lots of two seed sources of D. nigra (Viçosa, MG and Linhares, ES) and four doses of CRF (0, 2, 4 and 8 kg m-3), with four replications and 126 seedlings per plot. At 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, the seedlings were collected to measure the variables related to growth and nutrition. D. nigra seedlings from Linhares (ES) show better growth and dry matter production. It is recommended to dose 7.46 kg m-3 of controlled-release fertilizer for seedlings from Linhares (ES) and the dose 5.99 kg m-3 for those coming from Viçosa (MG), aiming to maximize the growth of production of seedlings of D. nigra. Increasing doses of controlled-release fertilizer allow greater accumulation of P in shoot shoots of D. nigra.
INICIAL DEVELOPMENT OF Tectona grandis L.f UNDER NUTRICIONAL RESTRICTION
Authors: NASCIMENTO DIEGO ARCANJO , Filho Otávio Peres , Favare Lilian Guimarães , Souza Marcelo Dias , Santos Alexandre Dos , Silva-Junior Josamar Gomes
Published: July 2020

In the process of seedling production plant nutrition can improve the quality. Among the forest species, the teak stands out for the resistant wood and its rusticity. The knowledge of the nutritional needs of teak seedlings favors its development with reflex in the field production. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with seedlings planted in 3 liter pots, as substrate we used underground soil. The treatments were divided into: control, complete solution; omission of N, omission of P, omission of K, omission of Ca, omission of Mg, omission of Si. To evaluate the effects of treatments on plants, we measured total height and stem diameter, with six biweekly readings. The observations were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Subsequently, linear regression models were adjusted, containing as independent variable: development time; and variable dependent height and diameter of the collection per treatment. There was no significant difference between treatments in the variable total height of plants, only in stem diameter where the complete treatment had the highest mean values. In the first months of development of teak, it was possible to observe a sufficient performance in the evaluated variables, however, fertilization should be carried out for a satisfactory production, mainly containing the macronutrients N, P, K.