bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association data suggest ABCB1 and immune-related gene sets may be involved in adult antisocial behavior
Authors: Salvatore J E , Edwards A C , McClintick J N , Bigdeli T B , Adkins A , Aliev F , Edenberg H J , Foroud T , Hesselbrock V , Kramer J , Nurnberger J I , Schuckit M , Tischfield J A , Xuei X , Dick D M
Published: April 2015

Adult antisocial behavior (AAB) is moderately heritable, relatively common and has adverse consequences for individuals and society. We examined the molecular genetic basis of AAB in 1379 participants from a case–control study in which the cases met criteria for alcohol dependence. We also examined whether genes of interest were expressed in human brain. AAB was measured using a count of the number of Antisocial Personality Disorder criteria endorsed under criterion A from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Participants were genotyped on the Illumina Human 1M BeadChip. In total, all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) accounted for 25% of the variance in AAB, although this estimate was not significant (P=0.09). Enrichment tests indicated that more significantly associated genes were over-represented in seven gene sets, and most were immune related. Our most highly associated SNP (rs4728702,P=5.77 × 10−7) was located in the protein-coding adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1 (ABCB1). In a gene-based test,ABCB1was genome-wide significant (q=0.03). Expression analyses indicated thatABCB1was robustly expressed in the brain.ABCB1has been implicated in substance use, and inpost hoctests we found that variation inABCB1was associated with DSM-IV alcohol and cocaine dependence criterion counts. These results suggest thatABCB1may confer risk across externalizing behaviors, and are consistent with previous suggestions that immune pathways are associated with externalizing behaviors. The results should be tempered by the fact that we did not replicate the associations forABCB1or the gene sets in a less-affected independent sample.
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) Interactome and Schizophrenia
Authors: Lipina Tatiana V. , Roder John C.
Published: April 2015

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has captured much attention, because it predisposes individuals to such a psychiatric disorder as schizophrenia. Notably, a number of genes encoding proteins that interact with DISC1 are also considered to be relevant risk factors for this mental disorder. Accumulating studies reveal a role of DISC1 and its interacting proteins in early neurodevelopment and the regulation of synaptic functioning. We reason that the understanding of schizophrenia in the context of the DISC1 interactome will help to understand the neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Given that DISC1 is associated with a wide range of endophenotypes, systematic integration of the functional roles of each of the DISC1 interacting proteins would contribute to a better resolution of the neurobiological mechanisms of schizophrenia and ultimately lead to the development of preventive therapy.
Protein Interactions with Dopamine Receptors as Potential New Drug Targets for Treating Schizophrenia
Authors: Su Ping , Wong Albert H. C. , Liu Fang
Published: April 2015

One strategy for developing new treatments is to focus on the neural signaling pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Dysfunction within the dopamine neurotransmitter system has been widely linked to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The classical target of existing antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia is the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R). Most effective antipsychotics for schizophrenia principally antagonize the D2R subtype. The dopamine receptor family is a functionally diverse class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), present throughout the nervous system. The classical view of GPCR function is that downstream effects are mediated almost exclusively by G-protein-dependent pathways. The recent discovery of interactions between the dopamine receptors and various other receptors and regulatory proteins points to alternative signaling routes. Using yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione-S-transferase pull-down, and in vitro binding assays, more than 20 dopamine receptor interacting proteins have been determined, many of which are relevant to schizophrenia. These proteins selectively regulate specific signaling pathways and functions of dopamine receptors via protein–protein interactions, without affecting other signaling pathways and dopamine receptor functions. Thus, targeting protein–protein interactions represents a promising alternative treatment strategy for schizophrenia, which might avoid the side-effects of existing antipsychotics that simply block the ligand-binding site of the dopamine receptor. In this chapter, we discuss the proteins that interact with dopamine receptors, regulatory mechanisms for these interactions, and promising avenues for future research into novel drugs for schizophrenia.
A label-free and turn-on fluorescence sensor for sensitive and selective detection of iodide using carbon nanodots/silver nanocomposites
Authors: Gao Buhong , Tang Ying , Sun Haijun , Xuan Yan , Xu Li , Huang Chaobo
Published: April 2015

Based on the principle of fluorescence recovery, we propose a simple label-free and turn-on method for the detection of I− ions with high selectivity and sensitivity by using fluorescent Cdots/Ag nanocomposites in aqueous media.
Exploiting amphiphilicity: facile metal free access to thianthrenes and related sulphur heterocycles
Authors: Pawliczek Martin , Garve Lennart K. B. , Werz Daniel B.
Published: April 2015

Benzodithioloimine containing a positively and a negatively polarised sulphur is an ideal precursor for thianthrenes and related heterocycles.
Efficient construction of stable gene nanoparticles through polymerase chain reaction with flexible branched primers for gene delivery
Authors: Liu Jianbing , Wang Runyu , Ma Dejun , Ouyang Di , Xi Zhen
Published: April 2015

Flexible branched primers were designed to construct stable gene nanoparticles through polymerase chain reaction for gene delivery.
The copper-catalyzed asymmetric construction of a dispiropyrrolidine skeleton via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to α-alkylidene succinimides
Authors: Yang Wu-Lin , Liu Yang-Zi , Luo Shuai , Yu Xingxin , Fossey John S. , Deng Wei-Ping
Published: April 2015

N,O-Ligand/Cu(OAc)2 catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to α-alkylidene succinimides is developed, affording dispiropyrrolidines in excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
Conjugation of polymers to proteins through an inhibitor-derived peptide: taking up the inhibitor “berth”
Authors: Tang Zengchao , Li Dan , Luan Yafei , Zhu Lijuan , Du Hui , Tao Yunwen , Wang Yanwei , Haddleton David M. , Chen Hong
Published: April 2015

A hexapeptide derived from an enzyme inhibitor was used to conjugate a hydrophilic polymer to the inhibitor “berth” in the enzyme, affording the enzyme resistance to the inhibitor.
Organocatalytic enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted δ-lactones via a Michael-cyclization cascade
Authors: Agrawal Santosh , Molleti Nagaraju , Singh Vinod K.
Published: April 2015

An organocatalyzed Michael-cyclization cascade approach of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and pyrazoleamides has been developed to get highly substituted δ-lactones in excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. This approach features the rearrangement of the pyrazole moiety of pyrazoleamides for the formation of δ-lactones.
An integrin-targeted photoactivatable Pt(iv) complex as a selective anticancer pro-drug: synthesis and photoactivation studies
Authors: Gandioso Albert , Shaili Evyenia , Massaguer Anna , Artigas Gerard , González-Cantó Alejandro , Woods Julie A. , Sadler Peter J. , Marchán Vicente
Published: April 2015

A new anticancer agent based on the conjugation of a photoactivatable Pt(iv) pro-drug to a cyclic RGD-containing peptide is described.
Manipulating the nickel shape and catalytic performance: from spheres to chains to urchins
Authors: Chen Lin , Fang Minling , Liu Chengzhan , Liu Xianchun , Xing Shuangxi
Published: April 2015

Nickel shape manipulation from spheres to chains to urchins occurred in ethylene glycol via the synergistic effect of water and NaOH and the urchin-like one presented the highest catalytic performance owing to its unique shape with tips on the surface.
2,6-Dimethylphenol derived H-phosphonate and α-hydroxyphosphonate: facile synthesis, crystal chemistry, supramolecular association and metal complexation
Authors: Hossain Sazzat , Gupta Sandeep K. , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: April 2015

A H-phosphonate and an α-hydroxyarylphosphonate with active P–H and P–OH groups have been synthesized from 2,6-dimethylphenol and their aggregation behavior has been investigated.
Nonstoichiometry of nanocrystalline monoclinic silver sulfide
Authors: Sadovnikov S. I. , Gusev A. I. , Rempel A. A.
Published: April 2015

Unlike coarse-crystalline Ag2S, silver sulfide nanopowders with particle sizes of less than ∼50 nm are nonstoichiometric and have a composition of ∼Ag1.93S.
Applications of ALD MnO to electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Pickrahn Katie L. , Gorlin Yelena , Seitz Linsey C. , Garg Aaron , Nordlund Dennis , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Bent Stacey F.
Published: April 2015

The effect of OER potentials on the oxidation and morphology of ALD-MnO electrocatalysts is investigated with an emphasis on applications.
Role of lattice oxygen in oxidative steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound over Ni/La0.8Sr0.2AlO3 catalyst
Authors: Oemar Usman , Ang Ming Li , Chin Yin Chee , Hidajat Kus , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: April 2015

High catalytic performance of Ni/La0.8Sr0.2AlO3 catalyst due to high amount of mobile lattice oxygen which favors direct partial oxidation of toluene while gas-phase oxygen favors complete oxidation. Both oxygen species actively oxidize coke deposited on catalyst surface, conferring coking resistance.
CuS@mSiO2-PEG core–shell nanoparticles as a NIR light responsive drug delivery nanoplatform for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Liu Xijian , Ren Qilong , Fu Fanfan , Zou Rujia , Wang Qian , Xin Guobing , Xiao Zhiyin , Huang Xiaojuan , Liu Qian , Hu Junqing
Published: April 2015

A difunctional nanoplatform (CuS@mSiO2-PEG) acted as a NIR light induced photothermal-triggered drug delivery system for efficient chemo-photothermal therapy.
Highly active chromium-based selective ethylene tri-/tetramerization catalysts supported by PNPO phosphazane ligands
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Wu Hongfei , Xu Sheng , Zhang Xuejun , Shi Min , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2015

Cr(iii) catalysts supported by PNPO ligands are highly active for ethylene tri-/tetramerization with considerable selectivity upon activation with MMAO-3A and a highest activity of 316.7 kg (g Cr h−1)−1.
Gallium and indium complexes containing the bis(imino)phenoxide ligand: synthesis, structural characterization and polymerization studies
Authors: Ghosh Swarup , Gowda Ravikumar R. , Jagan Rajamony , Chakraborty Debashis
Published: April 2015

A series of gallium and indium complexes containing the bis(imino)phenolate ligand framework were synthesized and completely characterized with different spectroscopic techniques.
Ubiquitous magneto-mechano-electric generator
Authors: Ryu Jungho , Kang Ju-Eun , Zhou Yuan , Choi Si-Young , Yoon Woon-Ha , Park Dong-Soo , Choi Jong-Jin , Hahn Byung-Dong , Ahn Cheol-Woo , Kim Jong-Woo , Kim Yang-Do , Priya Shashank , Lee Seung Yong , Jeong Seongsu , Jeong Dae-Yong
Published: April 2015

A novel energy capturing technique for wasted parasitic magnetic noise based upon a magneto-mechano-electric (MME) generator, consisting of piezoelectric single crystal fibers and Ni metal plate in the form of cantilever structure.
Multianalytical characterization of Late Roman glasses including nanosecond and femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Oujja M. , Sanz M. , Agua F. , Conde J. F. , García-Heras M. , Dávila A. , Oñate P. , Sanguino J. , Vázquez de Aldana J. R. , Moreno P. , Villegas M. A. , Castillejo M.
Published: April 2015

Nanosecond and femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence were combined for the analysis of Late Roman glasses.
Inkjet printing for biosensor fabrication: combining chemistry and technology for advanced manufacturing
Authors: Li Jia , Rossignol Fabrice , Macdonald Joanne
Published: April 2015

Inkjet printing is emerging at the forefront of biosensor fabrication technologies.
Efficient inorganic solid solar cells composed of perovskite and PbS quantum dots
Authors: Li Yi , Zhu Jun , Huang Yang , Wei Junfeng , Liu Feng , Shao Zhipeng , Hu Linhua , Chen Shuanghong , Yang Shangfeng , Tang Junwang , Yao Jianxi , Dai Songyuan
Published: April 2015

Mesoporous perovskite solar cells based on colloidal PbS QDs as a low cost inorganic hole-transporting material achieved a power conversion efficiency of nearly 8% with a relatively good stability.
Synthesis of nisin AB dicarba analogs using ring-closing metathesis: influence of sp3versus sp2hybridization of the α-carbon atom of residues dehydrobutyrine-2 and dehydroalanine-5 on the lipid II binding affinity
Authors: Slootweg Jack C. , van Herwerden Eric. F. , van Doremalen Mark. F. M. , Breukink Eefjan , Liskamp Rob M. J. , Rijkers Dirk T. S.
Published: April 2015

An alkane-bridged bicyclic nisin mimic with α,β-dehydroamino acids in the backbone was synthesized.
Heparan sulfate phage display antibodies recognise epitopes defined by a combination of sugar sequence and cation binding
Authors: Solari Valeria , Rudd Timothy R. , Guimond Scott E. , Powell Andrew K. , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Yates Edwin A.
Published: April 2015

Sugar sequence and M+binding defines HS phage display Ab recognition.
HIV-1 drug discovery: targeting folded RNA structures with branched peptides
Authors: Wynn Jessica E. , Santos Webster L.
Published: April 2015

Branched peptides utilize multivalent binding to selectively recognize HIV RNA.
A fluorescence study of isofagomine protonation in β-glucosidase
Authors: Lindbäck Emil , Laursen Bo Wegge , Poulsen Jens Christian Navarro , Kilså Kristine , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Bols Mikael
Published: April 2015

N-(10-Chloro-9-anthracenemethyl)isofagomine 5 inhibits β-glucosidase strongly yet the nitrogen atom plays little role in binding.
A mild and facile synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyridines: merging three-component cyclization and aerobic oxidation by amine/metal catalysts
Authors: Zhu Chunyin , Bi Benwei , Ding Ya , Zhang Te , Chen Qiu-Yun
Published: April 2015

A mild and facile synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyridines from NH4OAc, β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters, and ketones/aldehydes has been reported through tandem three-component cyclization and aerobic oxidation using the combination of amine and metal catalysts.
Gold-catalyzed α-furanylations of quinoline N-oxides with alkenyldiazo carbonyl species
Authors: Pagar Vinayak Vishnu , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: April 2015

Gold-catalyzed α-furanylations of 8-alkylquinoline N-oxides have been achieved using various alkenyldiazo carbonyl species as nucleophiles.
Trienamine catalysis for asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions of 2,4-dienones: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Su Zhishan , Kim Chan Kyung
Published: April 2015

In the Diels–Alder reactions of 2,4-dienones with two dienophiles, cinchona alkaloid acts as an efficient bifunctional catalyst by generating an extended trienamine π-conjugated system and by orienting the dienophile at an appropriate position for a cycloaddition reaction.
Molecular design of DBT/DBF hybrid thiophenes π-conjugated systems and comparative study of their electropolymerization and optoelectronic properties: from comonomers to electrochromic polymers
Authors: Lin Kaiwen , Ming Shouli , Zhen Shijie , Zhao Yao , Lu Baoyang , Xu Jingkun
Published: April 2015

A series of DBT/DBF end-capped with thiophenes comonomers were designed and electropolymerized to yield electrochromic polymers with good performances.
Computational study of α-M2O3(M = Al, Ga): surface properties, water adsorption and oxidation
Authors: Nguyen Manh-Thuong
Published: April 2015

DFT calculations reveal the most stable phases of water monolayer on α-M2O3(0001) (M = Al, Ga) in the (ΔμO, ΔμH2O) space.
Effect of defects and film thickness on the optical properties of ZnO–Au hybrid films
Authors: Saravanan K. , Krishnan R. , Hsieh S. H. , Wang H. T. , Wang Y. F. , Pong W. F. , Asokan K. , Avasthi D. K. , Kanjilal D.
Published: April 2015

Thickness and defects effects on the optical properties of ZnO–Au hybrid films were studied using optical and electronic structural studies.
A new sensing platform based on electrospun copper oxide/ionic liquid nanocomposite for selective determination of risperidone
Authors: Arvand Majid , Ardaki Masoomeh Sayyar , Zanjanchi Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2015

A copper oxide nanoparticle/ionic liquid nanocomposite modified electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of risperidone.
Carbon monolith with embedded mesopores and nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for water treatment
Authors: Chen Long , Wang Huaiyuan , Wei Huige , Guo Zhanhu , Khan Mojammel A. , Young David P. , Zhu Jiahua
Published: April 2015

Mesoporous carbon nanocomposites, synthesized from natural woodviaa catalytic graphitization reaction, show excellent adsorption of toxic pollutants from water.
Sea salt as a potential ocean mirror material
Authors: Rowland T. , Hailes H. C. , Evans J. R. G.
Published: April 2015

The additives used to produce ocean foams also inhibit Ostwald ripening of seasalt producing very fine particle size and a reflectance of 77% so that seasalt can make a contribution to surface albedo.
High concentration DNA solubility in bio-ionic liquids with long-lasting chemical and structural stability at room temperature
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Mondal Dibyendu , Singh Nripat , Trivedi Nitin , Bhatt Jitkumar , Prasad Kamalesh
Published: April 2015

DNA (Salmon testes) was solubilized in a biocompatible ionic liquid at up to 8 wt% with long term (one year) structural and chemical stability upon storage at room temperature.
Amorphous Cu-added/SnOx/CNFs composite webs as anode materials with superior lithium-ion storage capability
Authors: Chi Cheng , Lan Jinle , Sun Jiangman , Liu Yuan , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: April 2015

Cu-addition plays a significant role in restricting the aggregation of Sn particles during a continuous charge–discharge progress and improving the cycling stability of SnOx/CNFs electrode.
Quantitative analysis of the relationship between the dispersion stability of mixed-surfactant Ag nanoparticles and their composition
Authors: Jiang Jianwei , Hong In Seok , Thajudeen Habeebullah , Lu Ying , Kim Sang-Ho , Piao Longhai , Yoon Sungho
Published: April 2015

The dispersion stability of Ag NPs could be greatly enhanced by mixing n-alkylcarboxylic acid surfactants with two different chain lengths.
Visible-light-responsive t-Se nanorod photocatalysts: synthesis, properties, and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ruofang , Tian Xike , Ma Longlong , Yang Chao , Zhou Zhaoxin , Wang Yanxin , Wang Suhua
Published: April 2015

One-dimensional (1D) single-crystalline trigonal selenium nanorods (t-Se NRs) were prepared through a “solid–solution–solid” method by dispersing the prepared amorphous α-Se spheres in ethanol.
A triazine-based covalent organic framework/palladium hybrid for one-pot silicon-based cross-coupling of silanes and aryl iodides
Authors: Lin Sha , Hou Yuxia , Deng Xiao , Wang Haoliang , Sun Shuzhuang , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: April 2015

A palladium/COF hybrid material could efficiently catalyze the silicon-based one-pot cross-coupling reaction of silanes and aryl iodides with excellent selectivity.
Morphological control of mesoporous CN based hybrid materials and their excellent CO2adsorption capacity
Authors: Lakhi Kripal S. , Baskar Arun V. , Zaidi Javaid S. M. , Al-Deyab Salem S. , El-Newehy Mohamed , Choy Jin-Ho , Vinu Ajayan
Published: April 2015

We report the preparation of highly ordered rod shaped mesoporous carbon nitrides that show very high adsorption capacity for CO2molecules.
Graphene-incorporated quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Tang Qunwei , He Benlin , Chen Haiyan
Published: April 2015

To reduce fabrication cost and simplify the preparation technique, a DSSC comprising a graphene/TiO2 anode, a PAA–PEG/graphene gel electrolyte, and a graphene CE is fabricated, yielding an efficiency of 3.62%.
A novel benzothiazole derivative SKLB826 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via inducing G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Lei Qian , Zhang Lidan , Xia Yong , Ye Tinghong , Yang Fangfang , Zhu Yongxia , Song Xuejiao , Wang Ningyu , Xu Ying , Liu Xiaowei , Yu Luoting
Published: April 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer and durable responses in conventional treatments are limited so researchers have been devoted to developing new anti-HCC agents.
Fe3O4 and paclitaxel loaded emulsion with charge-conversional surface for tumor MRI and therapy
Authors: Xu Min , Yin Baoru , Li Chunyang , Yao Ping
Published: April 2015

A multifunctional emulsion can completely eliminate a tumor after intratumoral injection of the emulsion and near-infrared laser irradiation.
Responsive pentablock copolymers for siRNA delivery
Authors: Uz Metin , Mallapragada Surya K. , Altinkaya Sacide Alsoy
Published: April 2015

Temperature and pH responsive pentablock copolymers were used for the first time in developing polyplex and multicomponent siRNA delivery systems.
Designed fabrication of anatase mesocrystals constructed from crystallographically oriented nanocrystals for improved photocatalytic activity
Authors: Fu X. X. , Ren Z. M. , Fan C. Y. , Sun C. X. , Shi L. , Yu S. Q. , Qian G. D. , Wang Z. Y.
Published: April 2015

In this article, we report a new route to synthesize octahedral anatase mesocrystals (MCs), polycrystals (PCs) and single crystals (SCs) in the TiCl4–CH3COOH system just by tuning the reaction time and Ti-source concentration.
Synthesis of 1D upconversion CeO2:Er, Yb nanofibers via electrospinning and their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Bai Jingyi , Zhao Rongfang , Han Gui , Li Zhongcui , Diao Guowang
Published: April 2015

1D upconversion CeO2:Er, Yb nanofibers, which absorb NIR light and upconvert it to visible light to increase the photocurrent of DSSCs, have been fabricated by an electrospinning method. An enhancement of 14% in the light harvesting efficiency was observed.
Urchin-like Pd@CuO–Pd yolk–shell nanostructures: synthesis, characterization and electrocatalysis
Authors: Guo Ying , Xu Yi-Tao , Zhao Bo , Wang Tao , Zhang Kai , Yuen Matthew M. F. , Fu Xian-Zhu , Sun Rong , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: April 2015

Novel urchin-like Pd@CuO–Pd yolk–shell nanostructures derived from Pd@Cu2O core–shell truncated octahedra demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity and selectivity toward glucose oxidation.
A novel NiCo2O4 anode morphology for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Tao , Li Xinhai , Wang Zhixing , Guo Huajun , Li Yan
Published: April 2015

Wrinkled NiCo2O4 particles with a high specific surface area showed superior electrochemical performance as anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Direct self-assembly of Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Lisong , Schroeder Matthias , Kluge Sebastian , Balducci Andrea , Hagemann Ulrich , Schulz Christof , Wiggers Hartmut
Published: April 2015

Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposites were prepared by an electrostatic-interaction-induced self-assembling between the Fe2O3 NPs and the graphene oxide (GO) sheets, followed with a low-temperature hydrothermal reduction process.
Nanostructure of wet-chemically prepared, polymer-stabilized silver–gold nanoalloys (6 nm) over the entire composition range
Authors: Ristig S. , Prymak O. , Loza K. , Gocyla M. , Meyer-Zaika W. , Heggen M. , Raabe D. , Epple M.
Published: April 2015

Bimetallic silver–gold nanoparticles were prepared by co-reduction using citrate and tannic acid in aqueous solution and colloidally stabilized with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP).
Thermal test method for high power three‐phase grid‐connected inverters
Authors: Balasubramanian Arun Karuppaswamy , John Vinod
Published: April 2015

Semiconductor device junction temperatures are maintained within datasheet specified limits to avoid failure in power converters. Burn‐in tests are used to ensure this. In inverters, thermal time constants can be large and burn‐in tests are required to be performed over long durations of time. At higher power levels, besides increased production cost, the testing requires sources and loads that can handle high power. In this study, a novel method to test a high power three‐phase grid‐connected inverter is proposed. The method eliminates the need for high power sources and loads. Only energy corresponding to the losses is consumed. The test is done by circulating rated current within the three legs of the inverter. All the phase legs being loaded, the method can be used to test the inverter in both cases of a common or independent cooling arrangement for the inverter phase legs. Further, the method can be used with different inverter configurations – three‐ or four‐wire and for different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. The method has been experimentally validated on a 24 kVA inverter for a four‐wire configuration that uses sine‐triangle PWM and a three‐wire configuration that uses conventional space vector PWM.
Analytical circuit oriented modelling and performance assessment of modular multilevel converter
Authors: Nademi Hamed , Norum Lars
Published: April 2015

This study presents a detailed time domain model of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to provide an alternative form of evaluation of the converter dynamic performance, for example, during AC or DC fault conditions. The purpose of the model is to accurately reflect the converter behaviour to be used in control systems design. It can also be beneficial to predict the steady state or transient state of the converter with fixed or variable inputs. In an MMC, the capacitor voltages are modulated using pulse‐width modulation (PWM) to fabricate a sinusoidal output voltage. With time, and because of the PWM action, the capacitors get charged or discharged. Therefore the circuit behaves as a time‐variant circuit. The analysis is based on the equivalent circuit derived from the converter differential expressions at any time instant in a piecewise fashion. The usefulness and accuracy of the theoretical study is validated for the three‐phase MMC topology by simulation results with respect to normal operation, start‐up process, cell short‐circuit fault, line‐to‐ground and DC‐side fault conditions. Experimental tests are carried out through a scaled‐down laboratory prototype.
Stability analysis of digitally controlled LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter considering the delay effect
Authors: Lyu Yongcan , Lin Hua , Cui Yesheng
Published: April 2015

Owing to LCL‐filter resonance, a single loop may not be adequate to stabilise the digitally controlled LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter, thus the capacitor‐current‐feedback active damping is usually introduced. However, the computation and pulse‐width modulation delays of the digitally controlled system significantly affect system stability and damping performance. Moreover, the delay varies when the duty‐ratio update instant and sampling instant are changed. In this study, the Nyquist diagram is used to investigate the system stability taking into consideration the delay effect in the continuous domain. Then, the general conclusions and formulas can be drawn: if the LCL‐filter resonance is above the critical frequency, the Nyquist diagram of single loop may not encircle the critical point, and therefore stabilise the system; and if it is below, a damping strategy is required. However, given the delay effect, the active damping loop may be unstable, and two unstable open‐loop poles will be generated in the grid current loop under certain conditions. Then its Nyquist diagram should encircle the critical point to ensure the system is stable. Furthermore, the restriction of the cross‐over frequency discussed. Experimental results based on a 5 kW prototype have been provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Analysis, design and realisation of a zero‐current transition pulse‐width modulation interleaved boost power factor correction converter with a zero‐current transition auxiliary circuit
Authors: Wang Chien‐Ming , Lin Chang‐Hua , Cheng Chi‐Hsiang
Published: April 2015

A zero‐current transition (ZCT) pulse‐width modulation (PWM) interleaved boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with a ZCT auxiliary circuit is presented to achieve ripple current cancelation and ZCT for power switches. The proposed PFC converter adopts a ZCT auxiliary circuit to realise ZCT for power switches and diodes. Thus, the switching losses of active power switches are reduced and the reverse recovery losses of power diodes are eliminated. The interleaved PWM control scheme with constant frequency and constant duty cycle is used in it. Thus, the control circuit is simple and the circuit cost can be reduced. It shapes a close sinusoidal input current waveform, so that an input current waveform with low harmonic can be obtained. The operational principle and design consideration are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results taken from a 1000 W prototype are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PFC converter.
Unifying role of dissipative action in the dynamic failure of solids
Authors: Grady Dennis E.
Published: April 2015

A fourth-power law underlying the steady shock-wave structure and solid viscosity of condensed material has been observed for a wide range of metals and non-metals. The fourth-power law relates the steady-wave Hugoniot pressure to the fourth power of the strain rate during passage of the material through the structured shock wave. Preceding the fourth-power law was the observation in a shock transition that the product of the shock dissipation energy and the shock transition time is a constant independent of the shock pressure amplitude. Invariance of this energy-time product implies the fourth-power law. This property of the shock transition in solids was initially identified as a shock invariant. More recently, it has been referred to as the dissipative action, although no relationship to the accepted definitions of action in mechanics has been demonstrated. This same invariant property has application to a wider range of transient failure phenomena in solids. Invariance of this dissipation action has application to spall fracture, failure through adiabatic shear, shock compaction of granular media, and perhaps others. Through models of the failure processes, a clearer picture of the physics underlying the observed invariance is emerging. These insights in turn are leading to a better understanding of the shock deformation processes underlying the fourth-power law. Experimental result and material models encompassing the dynamic failure of solids are explored for the purpose of demonstrating commonalities leading to invariance of the dissipation action. Calculations are extended to aluminum and uranium metals with the intent of predicting micro-scale dynamics and spatial structure in the steady shock wave.
Microwells support high-resolution time-lapse imaging and development of preimplanted mouse embryos
Authors: Chung Yu-Hsiang , Hsiao Yi-Hsing , Kao Wei-Lun , Hsu Chia-Hsien , Yao Da-Jeng , Chen Chihchen
Published: April 2015

A vital aspect affecting the success rate of in vitro fertilization is the culture environment of the embryo. However, what is not yet comprehensively understood is the affect the biochemical, physical, and genetic requirements have over the dynamic development of human or mouse preimplantation embryos. The conventional microdrop technique often cultures embryos in groups, which limits the investigation of the microenvironment of embryos. We report an open microwell platform, which enables micropipette manipulation and culture of embryos in defined sub-microliter volumes without valves. The fluidic environment of each microwell is secluded from others by layering oil on top, allowing for non-invasive, high-resolution time-lapse microscopy, and data collection from each individual embryo without confounding factors. We have successfully cultured mouse embryos from the two-cell stage to completely hatched blastocysts inside microwells with an 89% success rate (n = 64), which is comparable to the success rate of the contemporary practice. Development timings of mouse embryos that developed into blastocysts are statistically different to those of embryos that failed to form blastocysts (p–value < 10−10, two-tailed Student's t-test) and are robust indicators of the competence of the embryo to form a blastocyst in vitro with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Embryos at the cleavage- or blastocyst-stage following the normal development timings were selected and transferred to the uteri of surrogate female mice. Fifteen of twenty-two (68%) blastocysts and four of ten (40%) embryos successfully developed into normal baby mice following embryo transfer. This microwell platform, which supports the development of preimplanted embryos and is low-cost, easy to fabricate and operate, we believe, opens opportunities for a wide range of applications in reproductive medicine and cell biology.
Fabrication of free-standing ordered fluorescent polymer nanofibres by electrospinning
Authors: Stevenson J. R. Y. , Lattante S. , André P. , Anni M. , Turnbull G. A.
Published: April 2015

We demonstrate a static fabrication approach to make free-standing ordered arrays of fluorescent nanofibres through control of the transverse electrospinning field. The alignment and the density of the nanofibre arrays are optimised by careful design of both the source and collector electrode geometries which can control the transverse electric field over the full path of the jet. In doing so, we fabricate suspended fluorescent nanofibres with an aspect ratio of 104, and with a substantially increased density and order parameter (by a factor of ∼10 compared to random deposition). Electrostatic modelling suggests that the field distribution of the component is the main contribution to the ordering between the plates. This method offers increased efficiency for the creation of ordered fibres collected over a small area and the characterisation of their photoluminescent properties.
From photoelectron detachment spectra of BrHBr−, BrDBr− and IHI−, IDI− to vibrational bonding of BrMuBr and IMuI
Authors: Manz Jörn , Sato Kazuma , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Yoshida Takahiko
Published: April 2015

Photoelectron detachment XLX−(0000) + hν → XLX(vib) + e− + KER (X = Br or I, L = H or D) at sufficiently low temperatures photoionizes linear dihalogen anions XLX− in the vibrational ground state (v1v2lv3 = 0000) and prepares the neutral radicals XLX(vib) in vibrational states (vib). At the same time, part of the photon energy (hν) is converted into kinetic energy release (KER) of the electron [R. B. Metz, S. E. Bradforth, and D. M. Neumark, Adv. Chem. Phys. 81, 1 (1992)]. The process may be described approximately in terms of a Franck-Condon type transfer of the vibrational wavefunction representing XLX−(0000) from the domain close to the minimum of its potential energy surface (PES) to the domain close to the linear transition state of the PES of the neutral XLX. As a consequence, prominent peaks of the photoelectron detachment spectra (pds) correlate with the vibrational energies EXLX,vib of states XLX(vib) which are centered at linear transition state. The corresponding vibrational quantum numbers may be labeled vib = (v1v2lv3) = (000v3). Accordingly, the related most prominent peaks in the pds are labeled v3. We construct a model PES which mimics the “true” PES in the domain of transition state such that it supports vibrational states with energies EXLX,pds,000v3 close to the peaks of the pds labeled v3 = 0, 2, and 4. Subsequently, the same model PES is also used to calculate approximate values of the energies EXMuX,0000 of the isotopomers XMuX(0000). For the heavy isotopomers XHX and XDX, it turns out that all energies EXLX,000v3 are above the threshold for dissociation, which means that all heavy XLX(000v3) with wavefunctions centered at the transition state are unstable resonances with finite lifetimes. Turning the table, bound states of the heavy XLX are van der Waals (vdW) bonded. In contrast, the energies EXMuX,0000 of the light isotopomers XMuX(0000) are below the threshold for dissociation, with wavefunctions centered at the transition state. This means that XMuX(0000) are vibrationally bonded. This implies a fundamental change of the nature of chemical bonding, from vdW bonding of the heavy XHX, XDX to vibrational bonding of XMuX. For BrMuBr, the present results derived from experimental pds of BrHBr− and BrDBr− confirm the recent discovery of vibrational bonding based on quantum chemical ab initio calculations [D. G. Fleming, J. Manz, K. Sato, and T. Takayanagi, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 53, 13706 (2014)]. The extension from BrLBr to ILI means the discovery of a new example of vibrational bonding. These empirical results for the vibrational bonding of IMuI, derived from the photoelectron spectra of IHI− and IDI−, are supported by ab initio simulations of the spectra and of the wavefunction representing vibrational bonding of IMuI.
Strain controlled orbital state and magnetization in insulating LaMnO3+δ films
Authors: Zhang A. M. , Cheng S. L. , Lin J. G. , Wu X. S.
Published: April 2015

LaMnO3+δ films with various thicknesses were grown on LaAlO3 (001) single crystal substrate to investigate the effect of in-plane compressive strain (∼−0.57%) on magnetic properties. All films exhibit a blocking temperature Tb at which the zero field cooled magnetization reaches a maximum, indicating the ferromagnetic (FM) nanoclusters are embedded in the background of antiferromagnetic (AFM) matrix. The onset temperature of FM transition Tc and Tb is increased by 24% and 89%, respectively, with the thickness decreasing from 82.4 nm to 9.2 nm. Simultaneously, the saturation magnetization greatly increases by 309%, which is ascribed to the strain-induced transition of AFM to FM phase due to the orbital order structure switching from x2− 1/y2−1 [A-type] to (x2− y2) + (z2− 1) [F-type].
Excitonic couplings between molecular crystal pairs by a multistate approximation
Authors: Aragó Juan , Troisi Alessandro
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we present a diabatization scheme to compute the excitonic couplings between an arbitrary number of states in molecular pairs. The method is based on an algebraic procedure to find the diabatic states with a desired property as close as possible to that of some reference states. In common with other diabatization schemes, this method captures the physics of the important short-range contributions (exchange, overlap, and charge-transfer mediated terms) but it becomes particularly suitable in presence of more than two states of interest. The method is formulated to be usable with any level of electronic structure calculations and to diabatize different types of states by selecting different molecular properties. These features make the diabatization scheme presented here especially appropriate in the context of organic crystals, where several excitons localized on the same molecular pair may be found close in energy. In this paper, the method is validated on the tetracene crystal dimer, a well characterized case where the charge transfer (CT) states are closer in energy to the Frenkel excitons (FE). The test system was studied as a function of an external electric field (to explore the effect of changing the relative energy of the CT excited state) and as a function of different intermolecular distances (to probe the strength of the coupling between FE and CT states). Additionally, we illustrate how the approximation can be used to include the environment polarization effect.
Mechanism and influencing factors on critical pulse width of oil-immersed polymer insulators under short pulses
Authors: Zhao Liang , Su Jian Cang , Li Rui , Zeng Bo , Cheng Jie , Zheng Lei , Yu Bin Xiong , Wu Xiao Long , Zhang Xi Bo , Pan Ya Feng
Published: April 2015

The critical pulse width (τc) is a pulse width at which the surface flashover threshold (Ef) is equal to the bulk breakdown threshold (EBD) for liquid-polymer composite insulation systems, which is discovered by Zhao et al. [Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society, Shenzhen, China, 2013), Vol. 2, pp. 854–857]. In this paper, the mechanism of τc is interpreted in perspective of the threshold and the time delay (td) of surface flashover and bulk breakdown, respectively. It is found that two changes appear as the pulse width decreases which are responsible for the existence of τc: (1) EBD is lower than Ef; (2) td of bulk breakdown is shorter than td of surface flashover. In addition, factors which have influences on τc are investigated, such as the dielectric type, the insulation length, the dielectric thickness, the dielectrics configuration, the pulse number, and the liquid purity. These influences of factors are generalized as three types if τc is expected to increase: (1) factors causing EBD to decrease, such as increasing the pulse number or employing a dielectric of lower EBD; (2) factors causing Ef to increase, such as complicating the insulator's configuration or increasing the liquid purity; (3) factors causing EBD and Ef to increase together, but Ef increases faster than EBD, such as decreasing the dielectric thickness or the insulation length. With the data in references, all the three cases are verified experimentally. In the end, a general method based on τc for solid insulation design is presented and the significance of τc on solid insulation design and on solid demolition are discussed.
A novel double-sided flux-switching permanent magnet linear motor
Authors: Xiao Feng , Du Yi , Sun Yuxin , Zhu Huangqiu , Zhao Wenxiang , Li Wenlong , Ching T. W. , Qiu Chun
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a novel double-sided flux-switching permanent magnet (PM) linear (DS-FSPML) motor which is suitable for low speed and high thrust force applications. In order to balance the normal force, the motor adopts double-sided arrangement in which the mover is sandwiched between two stators. The mover teeth alternately located on both sides of the mover are composed of laminated iron core segments between which the axially magnetized PMs of alternate polarity are inserted. Similar to conventional flux-switching PM (FSPM) motor, the 3-phase concentrated windings are employed. And the stator is designed as a double-sided simple iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. By using the finite element method, the characteristics and performances of the proposed motor are analyzed and compared with the conventional single-sided FSPM linear motor.
Note: Vectorial-magneto optical Kerr effect technique combined with variable temperature and full angular range all in a single setup
Authors: Cuñado Jose Luis F. , Pedrosa Javier , Ajejas Fernando , Bollero Alberto , Perna Paolo , Teran Francisco J. , Miranda Rodolfo , Camarero Julio
Published: April 2015

Here, we report on a versatile full angular resolved/broad temperature range/vectorial magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) magnetometer, named TRISTAN. Its versatility relies on its capacity to probe temperature and angular dependencies of magnetization reversal processes without the need to do any intervention on the apparatus during measurements. The setup is a combination of a vectorial MOKE bench and a cryostat with optical access. The cryostat has a motorized rotatable sample holder with azimuthal correction. It allows for simultaneous and quantitative acquisition of the two in-plane magnetization components during the hysteresis loop at different temperatures from 4 K up to 500 K and in the whole angular range, without neither changing magnet orientation nor opening the cryostat. Measurements performed in a model system with competing collinear biaxial and uniaxial contributions are presented to illustrate its capabilities.
Giant birefringence and dichroism induced by ultrafast laser pulses in hydrogenated amorphous silicon
Authors: Drevinskas Rokas , Beresna Martynas , Gecevičius Mindaugas , Khenkin Mark , Kazanskii Andrey G. , Matulaitienė Ieva , Niaura Gediminas , Konkov Oleg I. , Terukov Eugene I. , Svirko Yu. P. , Kazansky Peter G.
Published: April 2015

A femto- and picosecond laser assisted periodic nanostructuring of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is demonstrated. The grating structure with the subwavelength modulation of refractive index shows form birefringence (Δn ≈ −0.6) which is two orders of magnitude higher than commonly observed in uniaxial crystals and femtosecond laser nanostructured silica glass. The laser-induced giant birefringence and dichroism in a-Si:H film introduce extra dimensions to the polarization sensitive laser writing with applications that include data storage, security marking, and flat optics.
Ferromagnetism in proton irradiated 4H-SiC single crystal
Authors: Zhou Ren-Wei , Liu Xue-Chao , Wang Hua-Jie , Chen Wei-Bin , Li Fei , Zhuo Shi-Yi , Shi Er-Wei
Published: April 2015

Room-temperature ferromagnetism is observed in proton irradiated 4H-SiC single crystal. An initial increase in proton dose leads to pronounced ferromagnetism, accompanying with obvious increase in vacancy concentration. Further increase in irradiation dose lowers the saturation magnetization with the decrease in total vacancy defects due to the defects recombination. It is found that divacancies are the mainly defects in proton irradiated 4H-SiC and responsible for the observed ferromagnetism.
Non-polar InGaN quantum dot emission with crystal-axis oriented linear polarization
Authors: Reid Benjamin P. L. , Kocher Claudius , Zhu Tongtong , Oehler Fabrice , Chan Christopher C. S. , Oliver Rachel A. , Taylor Robert A.
Published: April 2015

Polarization sensitive photoluminescence is performed on single non-polar InGaN quantum dots. The studied InGaN quantum dots are found to have linearly polarized emission with a common polarization direction defined by the [0001] crystal axis. Around half of ∼40 studied dots have a polarization degree of 1. For those lines with a polarization degree less than 1, we can resolve fine structure splittings between −800 μeV and +800 μeV, with no clear correlation between fine structure splitting and emission energy.
Effects of Ni on superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities and thiol groups: a comparative study between Alyssum hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator species
Authors: Ghaderian S. Majid , Ghasemi Rasoul , Heidari Hosniye , Vazirifar Saiede
Published: April 2015

In this study we investigated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and total thiol groups in two Ni hyperaccumulator species, Alyssum inflatum Nyárády and Alyssum bracteatum Boiss. & Bushe, and a non-accumulator species (Alyssum saxatile (L.) Desv.). Plants were exposed to different concentrations of Ni (0, 100, 300 and 500 μM for hyperaccumulators and 0, 10 and 20 μM Ni for the non-accumulator) in solution culture. The accumulation of Ni, the influence of Ni on dry biomass, and SOD, GR and total thiol activities were measured. The results showed a growth retardation effect by Ni in all plants. The activity of SOD strongly decreased with increase in Ni concentration in A. inflatum whereas the other Ni hyperaccumulator, A. bracteatum, showed less decrease. In contrast, a positive link between SOD activity and Ni concentrations was observed in shoots and roots of A. saxatile. The GR and total thiol activities were increased in the hyperaccumulator plants by increase in Ni concentration, but no changes were observed in A. saxatile. The results indicate that in hyperaccumulators, the accumulation of Ni could negatively affect some vital physiological processes.