bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(±)-Thymutatusone A, a pair of novel skeleton diterpene from Thymus quinquecostatus and in vitro hepatoprotective activity
Authors: Zhong xiang , Song ruo , Shan dong , Ren xue , zheng yuan , Dong ying , Lv fang , Deng qing , Li xian , He ying , Yan li , She Meigai
Published: January 2024

A pair of novel skeleton diterpenoid enantiomers, (+)- and
(−)-thymutatusone A [(+)- and (−)-1], along with one new and one
known biogenetically related compounds (2-3), were isolated from Thymus
quinquecostatus. Their structures were exhaustively character-ized by
comprehensive spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD
(electronic circular dichroism) calculations. Thymuta-tusone A features
an unprecedented skeleton with a rare tricyclo [7.3.1.02,7]
tridecane motif. The plausible biogenetic pathway of 1 was proposed.
Additionally, the hepatoprotective activity of isolates against
N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells was
tested. Compounds (±)-1, (−)-1, and (+)-1 exhibited potent
hepatoprotective activity, with EC50 values of 11.5 ± 2.8, 8.4 ± 1.9,
and 12.2 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. Further, the western blot analysis
showed that compound (−)-1 could increase the expres-sion of PPARα and
STAT1 protein and thus exert hepatoprotective activity.
Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae, Podochileae) from Yunnan, China, with additional description to C. arunachalensis
Authors: Ya Ji-Dong , Hong Jiang , He Zheng-Jun , Liao Qin-Chang , Zhao Yan-Hui , Cai Jie , Hong Wang , Xiong Zhi
Published: January 2024

A new species of Cylindrolobus (Orchidaceae), C. gaoligongensis J. D. Ya
& H. Jiang from Gongshan county, northwestern Yunnan, China, is
described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C.
arunachalensis (A. N. Rao) A. N. Rao, but can be distinguished from it
by having 5 veined lateral sepals, orange to pink and triangular-ovate
lip mid-lobe and apex mucronate, yellow to white long hairs on the lip,
2 central calli and connected to a keel toward mid-lobe in the disk, 3
rows of white long hairs in the base of the disk. Additionally, a
detailed description and illustration of its close species, C.
arunachalensis, is also provided.
MtDNA Leakage Induced Neuron cGAMP Activates Microglial Type I Interferon Responses After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Chang Hanxiao , Li Zheng , Zhang Weiwei , Lin Chao , Shen Yuqi , Zhang Guangjian , Mao Lei , Ma Chencheng , Liu Ning , lu hua
Published: January 2024

Primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of acute stroke,
accounting for approximately 10% of cases, with high disability and
mortality rate. Early brain injury (EBI) is a critical factor in
determining SAH mortality; however, there are no effective treatment
interventions for EBI. Based on our results, the transmission of cyclic
GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from neurons to microglia is a key molecular event that
triggers type I interferon response, amplifies neuroinflammation, and
leads to neuronal apoptosis. Abnormal
[intracytoplasmic](javascript:;) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the
initiating factor of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis. Overall, the
cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis is closely associated with
neuroinflammation after [subarachnoid hemorrhage](javascript:;).
Targeting cGAS triggered by cytoplasmic mtDNA may be useful for
comprehensive clinical treatment of patients after SAH. Further studies
targeting cGAS-specific antagonists for treating SAH are warranted.
The Influence of Different Feedback Modes on Preschoolers' Metacognitive Monitoring and Control
Authors: Zhang Xujia , Cao Yujie , Xia Bingyi , Jiao Xiaoyan
Published: January 2024

Metacognitive monitoring and control play important roles in children’s
thinking, development, and problem-solving. Adult feedback also
contributes to the development of children’s metacognitive skills. This
study aimed to explore the influence of teachers’ calibration and
performance feedback on the metacognitive monitoring and control of
preschool children. Forty-seven children aged 4–6 years were randomly
divided into two experimental groups and one control group. All three
groups of children participated in a 15-minute jigsaw puzzle activity
twice a day for nine days, with one experimental group receiving
calibration feedback, the other receiving performance feedback, and the
control group receiving no feedback. The results show that both
calibration and performance feedback have a certain influence on
preschoolers’ metacognitive monitoring and control, as observed through
a comparison between the pre-test and the post-test. Teacher feedback
affects children’s metacognitive performance and improves fluency in
cognitive processing. At the same time, adults should pay more attention
to the entire process of children’s cognitive learning rather than
focusing only on the results of their learning.
Reducing wind energy forecast error with a hybrid ensemble prediction methodology
Authors: Rutherford Justin , Leahy Paul , Nyhan Marguerite
Published: January 2024

As a commodity, wind energy is typically traded in ex-ante time frames
and is dependent on forecasts to secure physical positions up to 36
hours after gate closure for trading in Day-Ahead markets. Wind energy
is traded in discrete quantities, however it is generated from an
intermittent and variable resource. Deterministic forecasts are
preferred for energy trading as the most compatible solution to provide
a defined forecast quantity. However, deterministic forecasts cannot
capture the stochastic nature of the underlying power source and are
therefore sub-optimal. Ensemble based forecasts have the potential to
reduce forecast error by accounting for uncertainties not captured in
deterministic models. However, ensemble forecasts are not always
available at the vertical levels at which wind turbines operate.
Therefore, a method is needed to apply ensemble information to turbine
hub heights for energy forecasting purposes. This paper presents a novel
machine learning based method that translates the perturbations from a
localised Numerical Weather Prediction model’s 10m wind speed component
to an ensemble energy forecast at 100m. The extrapolated ensemble based
forecast has improved the forecast accuracy by 9% when compared to the
deterministic output generated by the NWP model.
Counterion Assisted Stereospecific Nucleophilic Substitution of Organoborons with Bulky sp3-Carbon Electrophiles
Authors: Xie Wenna , Liu Shiwen , Xu Bo
Published: January 2024

We developed a highly versatile transition metal-free Suzuki type
cross-coupling protocol. Alkenyl/aryl boronic acids could couple
smoothly with bulky Csp3 electrophiles in the presence of mild bases.
The counterion in the base plays a crucial role for the reactivity. Our
metal-free condition is orthogonal towards the classic transition metal
catalyzed Suzuki reactions.
Study of Correlation Analysis in Different Genotypes of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Andhale Gauri , Goykar Mauli
Published: January 2024

The present investigation was carried out as field experiment for
evaluation of fifty genotypes for various traits and for multivariant
analysis. The research aims to study correlation for grain yield and its
yield contributing characters. The investigation was carried out at
Bajara Research Scheme, College of Agriculture, Dhule in 2021.
Correlation studies reveled that grain yield per plant showed
significant positive association with the traits such as plant height,
productive tillers, panicle girth, panicle length, test seed weight.
While iron and zinc showed non- significant positive genotypic
correlation; negative correlation with days 50 percent flowering, days
to maturity, protein content.
“Challenging Behaviors”: What do Picture Books Tell Preschool Children?
Authors: Ezmeci Fulya , Atıcı Şeyma
Published: January 2024

In children’s picture books, children can follow the flow of the story
and empathize with the characters. The fact that children’s books deal
with challenging behaviors contributes to the development of children’s
ability to cope with difficulties and conflicts and to understand the
causes and consequences of behaviors. It helps children to develop
different perspectives and problem-solving skills. In this context,
children’s picture books are an important teaching tool in early
childhood. In this study, we examined 41 children’s picturebooks, geared
toward ages 3 to 8 years, that address challenging behaviors. We
investigated the challenging behaviors that were the subject of the
books and the characters who demonstrate those behaviors. Our analysis
indicated that, among the 14 different challenging behaviors we
identified, telling a lie, bullying and uncontrolled anger were the most
frequently discussed. In some of the books, the characters developed
possible solutions as a result of their challenging behaviors. In
addition, the characters made an effort to make amends after the
challenging behaviors were solved, social acceptance was experienced in
the environment where the behavior took place. Thus, the findings of
this study indicate that picturebooks examined featured challenging
behaviors were written in a solution-oriented format.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Microglial Polarization via Inhibition of the HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Tong Jun , Yao Genhong , Chen Yueqin , Xie Hairong , Zheng Xinyu , Sun Lingyun , Huang Zhenping , Xie Zhenggao
Published: January 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as the most prevalent retinal
degenerative disorder. Inflammatory response particularly precedes
microvascular alteration, considered the primary factor of diabetic
retinopathy. Actived microglia express many pro-inflammatory cytokines
exacerbates retina inflammation and disruption. In the present study, we
investigated that MSCs alleviated blood–retina barrier (BRB) breakdown
in diabetic rats, as evidenced by reduced retinal edema, decreased
vascular leakage, and increased occludin expression. The MSCs-treated
retinal microglia in the diabetic rats exhibited reduced expression of
M1-phenotype markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS),
CD16, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, MSCs increased the
expression of M2-phenotype markers, such as arginase-1 (Arg-1), CD206,
and anti-inflammatory cytokines. HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway is
activated in DR and inhibited after MSCs treatment. Consistent with in
vivo evidence, MSCs drove BV2 microglia toward M2 phenotype in vitro.
Knocking down HMGB1 or TLR4 in microglia had comparable effects as with
MSCs treatment, suggesting HMGB1/TLR4 pathway is necessary for MSCs’
regulatory effects on microglia polarization. Collectively, MSCs exert a
beneficial effect on DR by polarizing microglia from M1 toward M2
phenotype via inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.
A Compact Wideband Circularly-Polarized Conformal Load-Bearing Microstrip Antenna Array
Authors: Tan Ming-Tao , Li Xiang , Wang Chun-E , Zhang Fen , Li Jian-Qi , Tan Wen-Xue
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a compact wideband circularly-polarized conformal
load-bearing microstrip antenna array. The conformal load-bearing
antenna structure is an organic honeycomb sandwich structure. When the
antenna is embedded in honeycomb sandwich structure, conformal
load-bearing antenna is formed. The conformal load-bearing microstrip
antenna array has eight layers. Its dimension is 130mm×90mm×11.8mm.
Electromagnetic performance of the antenna array is simulated in CST
Microwave Studio.The antenna array has simulated -10dB impedance
bandwidth of 2.24GHz(19.25-21.49GHz). The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of
the antenna array is 2.24GHz(19.06-21.3GHz). The gains and patterns of
the antenna array are stable in the operating band. The antenna array
also has an excellent mechanical performance.
Boundedness of weak solutions in a 3D chemotaxis-Stokes system with nonlinear double degeneracy diffusion
Authors: Lin Qingyun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an incompressible chemotaxis-Stokes system with nonlinear
double degeneracy diffusion \begin{equation*}
\left\{ \begin{split}
&n_t+{\bf u}\cdot\nabla
n=\nabla\cdot({|\nabla
n^m|}^{p-2} \nabla
n^m)-\nabla\cdot\big(n\nabla
c\big),& \qquad
x\in\Omega,\,t>0,\\
&c_t+{\bf u}\cdot\nabla
c=\Delta c-nc, &\qquad
x\in\Omega,\,t>0,\\
&{\bf u}_t=\Delta{\bf
u}+\nabla
P+n\nabla\phi,&\qquad
x\in\Omega,\,t>0,\\
&\nabla\cdot{\bf
u}=0,&\qquad
x\in\Omega,\,t>0\\
\end{split} \right.
\end{equation*} \\ is
considered in a smooth bounded domain
$\Omega\subset
{\mathbb{R}}^3$, where potential function
$\phi\in
W^{2,\infty}(\Omega)$ is given. Here
we have homogeneous boundary conditions of Neumann type for $n$ and
$c$, and of Dirichlet type for ${\bf u}$. It is
proved that global bounded weak solutions exist whenever
$8mp-8m+3p>15$, $p\geq2$ and
$m\geq1$.
On the Bang-Bang Principle for Differential Variational Inequalities in Banach Spaces
Authors: Bin Maojun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we discuss a class of differential variational
inequalities systems, which are obtained by semilinear evolution
equations and generalized variational inequalities. At first, we
consider the properties of solution set for generalized variational
inequalities. Secondly, the existence results are shown by fixed point
method for semilinear differential variational inequality. Our
approaches are based on semigroup theory and fixed point theorem.
Moreover, by using the density results, the nonlinear and infinite
dimensional versions of the “bang-bang” principle for differential
variational inequalities systems is derived. Also, an obstacle
parabolic-elliptic system is given to illustrate the application of the
obtained theory.
Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Among Medical Interns and its association with job satisfaction, A Cross-sectional Study from Oman
Authors: Al-Mahrouqi Tamadhir , Senawi Hamed Al , Al-Ghailani Abdullah , balushi naser al , jose sachin , AlAlawi Mohammed
Published: January 2024

This study examined the prevalence and predictors of burnout syndrome
early in the medical career. This cross-sectional study was conducted
among a random sample of medical interns enrolled in the Omani
internship program, in 2019. There were 180 interns participating in
this study, and they filled in a self-reported questionnaire that
included Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and job satisfaction survey
(JSS). The response rate was 71%. The prevalence of burnout and job
dissatisfaction were 15% and 22%, respectively. Individual burnout
subscale results were 33.3% for emotional exhaustion (EE), 37.2% for
depersonalization (DP) and 65.5% for low personal accomplishment (PA).
High levels of emotional exhaustion subscale were noted to be correlated
with living alone (odds ratio [OR] = 3.903, 95% confidence interval
[CI] = 1.150-13.241), the institute of graduation (National
University of Science and Technology graduates: OR = 4.515, 95% CI =
1.537-13.265; graduating abroad: OR = 5.494, 95% CI = 1.343-22.475, P =
0.018), having a physical illness (OR = 7.285, 95% CI = 1.976-26.857)
and being dissatisfied (OR = 16.488, 95% CI = 5.371-50.614). Variables
leading to high levels of depersonalization were the institute of
graduation (graduating abroad; OR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.060-0.946),
having a physical illness (OR = 4.678, 95% CI = 1.498-14.608) and being
dissatisfied (OR = 2.900, 95% CI = 11.159-7.257; P = 0.023). Low
personal accomplishment was only predicted by having a physical illness
(OR = 0.258, 95% CI = 0.088-0.759). Job dissatisfaction was found to
elevate the risk of occupational burnout.
A 34 Year old Male With Severe SARS-CoV2: Treatment Strategies, Eight Month Follow-up and Vaccination Response
Authors: Bukhari Ihtisham , Ullah Sabir , Muhammad Niaz , Khan Muhammadriaz , Pengyuan Zheng , Thorne Rick
Published: January 2024

We faced a challenge to save the life of a patient with severe SARS-CoV2
infection. We applied different treatment strategies to cope with viral
as well as opportunistic infections. Luckily, we were able to save the
life of the patient and then we followed him up for more than 8 months.
Patient had weakness, breathing problem along with psychiatric
disturbance in post hospitalization period. Eight months later patient
had vaccine for COVID-19 which showed a temporary side effects on him.
This study can help front line health workers and clinician to save
lives of the COVID-19 patients.
The prevalence, clinical relevance and origin of autoantibodies in patients with Common variable immunodeficiency on regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy
Authors: Milota Tomas , Kotaska Karel , Lastuvka Petr , Smetanova Jitka , Bloomfield Marketa , Zachova Radana , Klojdova Iveta , Horvath Rudolf , Šedivá Anna
Published: January 2024

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inborn error
of immunity characterized by disturbed immunoglobulin production.
Despite of the terrain with severe antibody deficiency,
autoantibody-mediated autoimmune phenomena belong to the most frequent
autoimmune manifestation. However, many unresolved issues such as
prevalence, clinical relevance and origin of autoantibodies detected in
CVID patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) make
the diagnostics of autoimmune complications difficult. Methods: A
prospective observational study evaluating the spectrum of 38 different
autoantibodies in 38 CVID patients receiving IRT, and in the
immunoglobulin solutions used for IRT. Results: The study reveals a high
prevalence of anti-GAD (55.3%) and anti-TPO (68.4%) autoantibodes in
the cohort of 38 CVID patients on regular IRT. However, the titers of
anti-GAD (3.22 vs. 22 kU/L, p≤0.0001) and anti-TPO (109.7 vs. 713 kU/L,
p≤0.0001) were significantly lower compared to the newly diagnosed T1D
and AIT patients. Moreover, none of the CVID patients with detectable
antibodies manifested with T1D and only three patients became suspected
of having AIT. A high quantity of anti-GAD (3.24-24.48 kU/L) and
anti-TPO (123.6-156.55 kU/L) autoantibodies was found in immunoglobulin
solutions for IRT. Conclusions: The study finds a very high prevalence
of anti-GAD and anti-TPO autoantibodies in CVID patients receiving
regular IRT. Nevertheless, the presence of anti-GAD and anti-TPO is not
associated with the manifestation of the respective autoimmune disease.
As the high titers of both anti-GAD and anti-TPO were also found in the
therapeutics used for IRT, we suggest that the therapeutic
immunoglobulins are the source of this false positivity.
Solution Stability of Polysorbate 80 Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Cheng Zhuan
Published: January 2024

Polysorbate 80 (PS80) is a nonionic surfactants which is widely used in
the development of protein pharmaceuticals. Due to their chemical
structure, polysorbates are prone to degradation by oxidation and
hydrolysis, which can render a pharmaceutical product instable or
incompliant. In this study, we have investigated the chemical stability
of PS80 purchased from different manufacturers as a function of light,
pH, peroxides, trace metals and buffer type. For this purpose, a fast
liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (LC-ELSD)
detection method was developed which allows (1) to differentiate between
hydrolytic and oxidative PS80 degradation and (2) to monitor the PS80
decay over time. According to the method, we analyzed the differences in
the 6 main classes of PS80 subspecies purchased from three manufacturers
and also analyzed the change of their area percent over time. The study
showed that PS80 is relatively more stable under the condition of basic
hydrolysis within 3 months. However, under histidine-buffer, pH6.0, the
PS80 of manufacture B(PS80-B) is more sensitive than manufacture A
(PS80-A) and manufacture C(PS80-C). The PS80 of three manufactures
degraded under exposure to light, peroxides and trace metals over the
time. The performance of PS80 of three different manufacturers was
different.
Biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesized with Eucalyptus camaldulensis aqueous leaf extract, a novel anti-virulence strategy for attenuating Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A
Authors: Syukri Dwi , Nwabor Ozioma , Singh Sudarshan , Ontong Julalak , Voravuthikunchai Supayang
Published: January 2024

Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is a major virulence factor responsible
for Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis, immunogenicity, and induction
of inflammatory response. In this study, biogenic silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) were synthesized and employed as bioactive agents for
attenuation of A. baumannii OmpA. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized
using ultraviolet-visible spectra, X-ray diffractogram, fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope.
Surface plasmon resonance peak was observed at 411 nm, and average
calculated crystallite size of AgNPs ranged between 12.57 to 84.69 nm.
In addition, AgNPs morphology showed spherical and oval shaped. The
nanoparticles displayed antibacterial effects with minimum inhibitory
concentration values ranging from 2.70 to 5.40 µg/mL. Silver
nanoparticles significantly attenuated the expression of OmpA up to 70%
(p < 0.001). At concentration 5.40 µg/mL, AgNPs reduced OmpA
mediated nitric oxide production by 15.68 µM compared with positive
control (p < 0.001). Additionally, AgNPs treatment
significantly decreased bacterial DNA content (p < 0.05). This
work suggested that green synthesized AgNPs could be a potential
therapeutic anti-virulence agent for the attenuation of A. baumannii
OmpA.
You are how you eat: stable isotopes unravel the feeding mode-trophic position relationship in trematode parasites
Authors: Sabadel Amandine , MacLeod Colin
Published: January 2024

Stable isotopes have been sporadically used over the last two decades to
characterise host-parasite trophic relationships. The main reason for
this scarcity is the lack of an obvious pattern in the nitrogen stable
isotope values (δN) of parasites in
comparison to their host tissues, which would be key to understand any
host-parasite system dynamics. To circumvent this, we focused on a
single snail host, Zeacumantus subcarinatus, and three of its trematode
parasites. We used stable isotopes to investigate each host-trematode
trophic relationship and shed light on the mechanisms utilised by the
parasite to reroute its hosts’ biomass. All our trematodes were found to
be N-enriched compared to their host, with their
δN values strongly related to their feeding
behaviours: passive vs active. It was possible to ‘rank’ these parasite
species and assess their ‘relative’ trophic position using
δN values. We also demonstrated that
including a broader range of samples (e.g. host food and faeces,
multiple parasite life stages) helped understand the metabolic
mechanisms used by the various participants, and that using carbon
stable isotope values and C:N ratios allowed to identify an important
lipid requirement of these trematode parasites. Finally, we show how
critical it is to not ignore parasitic infections as they can have a
great influence on their host’s trophic position.
Numerical solution of convection-dominated diffusion problem using modified upwind finite volume method
Authors: Hussain Arafat , Zheng Zhoushun , Eyaya Fekadie Anley
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an attempt has been made to developed a numerical scheme
for numerical approximation of the convection-diffusion problem in
convection dominant situations. Applying Lagrange interpolation
technique, new expressions are obtained to approximate the variable at
spatial interfaces of the computational domain. Subsequently, these
interface approximations are used to developed a numerical scheme based
on upwind approach in the finite volume method. Crank-Nicolson technique
is used for the approximation along temporal direction. This newly
constructed numerical scheme is unconditionally stable with second order
accuracy along space and time both. The numerical experiments are
performed using the proposed upwind approach and numerical results
confirm the theoretical algorithm. Numerical results produce by our
constructed numerical are compared with conventional finite volume
method. This comparison indicates for convection dominant phenomena the
numerical solution of conventional finite volume method contains with
non-physical oscillations where are our proposed numerical schemes give
a high accurate and stable solution.
Behavioral responses of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to insecticide-treated bed net
Authors: Machani Maxwell , Ochomo Eric , Amimo Fred , Githeko Andrew , Yan Guiyun , Afrane Yaw
Published: January 2024

Long-lasting insecticidal nets are an effective tool in reducing malaria
transmission. However, with increasing insecticide resistance little is
known about how physiologically resistant malaria vectors behave around
a human-occupied bed net, despite their importance in malaria
transmission. This study assessed the host-seeking behavior of the major
malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s, when an intact human-occupied
treated bed net is in place, with respect to their insecticide
resistance status under semi-field conditions. Pyrethroid resistant and
susceptible females of Anopheles gambiae s.s were released inside a
semi-field environment housing a hut which was occupied by a human host
sleeping under treated or untreated bed net trap. Mosquitoes resting
inside the hut or exiting and resting outside were collected using a
prokopack aspirator, window exit trap and clay pots. The proportion of
resistant females caught in the treated bed net trap was higher compared
to the susceptible females (OR=1.445; P<0.00019). Resistant
mosquitoes were less likely to exit the house when a treated bed net was
present compared to the susceptible mosquitoes. The susceptible females
were 2.3 times more likely to stay outdoors away from the treated bed
net (OR=2.25; P<0.0001).The resistant mosquitoes showed
significantly reduced avoidance behavior compared to the susceptible
mosquitoes that were observed to exit the house and remained outdoors
when a treated bed net was used. However, further investigations of the
behavior of resistant mosquitoes under natural conditions should be
undertaken to confirm these observations and improve the current
intervention which are threatened by insecticide resistance and altered
vector behavior.
Distinctive mitogenomic lineages within populations of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla)
Authors: Hansen Charles Christian , Baleka Sina , Guðjónsdóttir Sólveig , Rasmussen Jacob , Ballesteros Jesus , Hallgrimsson Gunnar , Stefansson Robert , Schmalensee Menja von , Skarphédinsson Kristinn , Labansen Aili , Leivits Madis , Skelmose Kim , Sonne Christian , Dietz Rune , Boetmann David , Eulaers Igor , Martin Michael , Palsson Snaebjorn
Published: January 2024

Using whole mitochondrial DNA sequences from 89 white-tailed eagles
(Haliaeetus albicilla) sampled from Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Denmark
and Estonia between 1990-2018, we investigate the mitogenomic variation
within and between countries. We show that there is a substantial
population differentiation between the countries, reflecting similar
major phylogeographic patterns obtained previously for the control
region of the mitochondria, which suggested two main refugia during the
last glacial period of Ice Age. Distinct mitogenomic lineages are
observed within countries which divergence times exceeds the time since
last glacial period of Ice Age ended. The lineages appear to have been
maintained by natural selection. An excess of segregating amino acids in
comparison with number of fixations, as revealed by the neutrality index
suggests a load of deleterious mutations. The maintenance of mtDNA
lineages within countries inflates our estimates of effective national
population sizes and the times of their divergence.
Excess Noise Factor in Avalanche Photodiodes with Dead Space Effect
Authors: Angadi Vignesh Reddy
Published: January 2024

This Project aims to produce a graphical user interface (GUI) for Matlab
programs written by Dr. J. S. Marsland as part of his research into the
excess noise factor in avalanche photodiodes (APDs). APDs amplify
amplify photo-generated currents by the process of impact ionization;
however this a random process which results in additional noise
quantified by the excess noise factor. The GUI will then be used to
compare this research work with the research work of others e.g. the
Monte Carlo calculations made by the research group at the French
Aerospace Laboratory (ONERA). The graphical user interface will be
produced by using the GUIDE package supplied with MATLAB software
combined with MATLAB programs already written. Comparision with other
research work will require the digitization of some graphs published in
academic journals. The project is strongly related to the research
undertaken in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
at the University of Liverpool. The results prove that the excess noise
can be significantly reduced by something called the dead space effect.
Effects of COVID-19 on Telemedicine Practice Patterns in Outpatient Otolaryngology
Authors: Shehan Jennifer , Agarwal Pratima , Danis David , Ghulam-Smith Melissa , Bloom Jacob , Piraquive Jacquelyn , Tracy Lauren , Levi Jessica
Published: January 2024

Objective: Otolaryngology is considered high risk for Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure and spread. This has led to a
transition to telemedicine and directly impacts patient volume,
evaluation and management practices. The objective of this study is to
determine the impact of COVID-19 on patient characteristics in relation
to outpatient attendance, ancillary testing, medical therapy, and
surgical decision making. Methods: A retrospective case series at an
academic medical center was performed. Outpatient appointments from
October 2019 (pre-COVID) and March 16-April 10, 2020 (COVID) were
analyzed. Prevalence rates and odds ratios were used to compare
demographics, visit characteristics, ancillary tests, medication
prescribing, and surgical decisions between telemedicine and in-person
visits, before and during COVID. Results: There was a decrease in
scheduled visits during the COVID timeframe, for both in-person and
telemedicine visits, with a comparable proportion of no-shows. There was
a higher overall percentage of Hispanic/Latino patients who received
care during the COVID timeframe (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.07-1.90) in both
groups, although primary language was not significantly associated with
attendance. There were fewer ancillary tests ordered (OR = 0.54) and
more medications prescribed (OR = 1.59) during COVID telemedicine visits
compared with pre-COVID in-person visits. Conclusion: COVID-19 has
rapidly changed the use of telemedicine. Telemedicine can be used as a
tool to reach patients with severe disease burden. Continued healthcare
reform, expanded access to affordable care, and efficient use of
resources is essential both during the current COVID-19 pandemic and
beyond. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Telemedicine, Otolaryngology,
Quality-improvement, Healthcare access
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Huang Jiayu , Cheng Wanying , Man Changfeng , Liao Shengen , Qiu Hongxia
Published: January 2024

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immune
disease, accompanied by high mortality. Vitamin D (VD), as a marker of
inflammation, plays an important role in the regulation of the immune
system by binding to receptors of immune cells (T and B cells). The
purpose of this study was to investigate the expression level of vitamin
D in HLH and to clarify its relationship with prognosis. Method: We
conducted a retrospective analysis of 54 adult sHLH cases from November
2015 to December 2020. Results: Among the cohort, 49 (90.7%) patients
with sHLH had VD insufficiency (25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH)D]
<50nmol/L) and median level was 23.95 (range: 7.5-90.8)
nmol/L. Classified by 30nmol/L as the threshold value, there were no
significant differences on baseline characteristics between two groups,
except triglycerides (TG). Level of 25-(OH)D was significantly
associated with TG (r=-0.34, P=0.011) and ferritin (r=-0.26, P=0.055).
Patients with lower 25-(OH)-D level acquired shorter overall survival
(28 vs. 125 days P=0.041). After multivariable adjustment, 25-(OH)-D was
identified as an independent factor of survival (HR 0.364;95% CI
0.183-0.724; P=0.004). A significant interaction was discovered at
25-(OH)-D with ferritin (P=0.009) through subgroup analysis. Vitamin D
is more likely to predict survival in elderly, male, MHLH, EBV
infection, hemoglobin<90g/L, platelet<100×109/L,
fibrinogen<1.5g/L, triglyceride, ferritin
>10000ug/l, sCD25>20000ng/l group.
Conclusions: Patients with sHLH almost had vitamin D insufficiency and
vitamin D is an important prognostic protective factor for sHLH.
Antioxidant activity of Leptocarpha rivularis DC flower extract and Globularia alypum L.
Authors: SHEORAN SUMIT , arora Swati , Uppal Garima , Kumar Rajeev
Published: January 2024

The aim of this analysis was to look into the complete phenolic and
flavonoid contents, and also the antioxidant activity, of leaf extracted
from Globularia alypum L. collected in the Taza region of northeast
Morocco and flower derives from Leptocarpha rivularis DC. Consequently,
the extracts’ individual phenolics and volatiles were measured. Soxhlet
extraction was used to produce organic extracts of this plant using two
separate solvents, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The antioxidant ability
of leaf extracts was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays;
antioxidant and anticancer viability was evaluated in Leptocarpha
rivularis DC flower specimens employing four solvents (n-hexane (Hex),
dichloromethane (DCM), and acetone) (DCM),ethyl acetate (AcOEt), and
ethanol (EtOH)). The antioxidant activity
(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), ferric reducing
antioxidant ability (FRAP), overall reactive antioxidant properties
(TRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capability (ORAC) of extracts were
contrasted through a defined value of reduced/oxidized glutathione
(GSH/GSSG). The findings affirm the value of this plant as a sources of
antioxidants.
Mass cytometry-based identification of a unique T-cell signature predicting childhood AA
Authors: Raifer Hartmann , Schulz Axel , Theodorou Johanna , Romero Addi , Böck Andreas , Bertrams Wilhelm , Schmeck Bernd , Lohoff Michael , Chang Hyun-Dong , Schaub Bianca , Mei Henrik , Huber Magdalena
Published: January 2024

Background: Allergic asthma (AA) in childhood is characterized by a
dominance of type 2 immunity and inefficient counter-regulation by type
1 immunity and/or Tregs among other mechanisms. However, a detailed
analysis of T cells associated with paediatric AA is still needed.
Methods: High-dimensional mass cytometry, algorithmic analysis and
manual gating were applied to define the peripheral T-cell signature in
treatment-naïve childhood AA. Results: The analysis revealed a changed
T-cell profile in children with AA in comparison to healthy controls
(HC) consisting of: (i) a lower frequency of memory
CD8 T cells, (ii) an overrepresentation of
TIGITICOS Th2 cells connected to a
more symptomatic disease with allergic comorbidity and eosinophilia, and
(iii) an altered Treg compartment. Within Tregs, the naïve/resting
fraction was enriched in children with AA vs HC, it associated inversely
with memory CD8 T cells, and was linked to a lung
function decline. Moreover, the ratio of
TIGITICOS Th2 cells to dysbalanced
effector (e)Treg clusters significantly associated with eosinophilia.
Thus, dysregulated Treg fractions were linked to a lung function and, on
the other hand, to eosinophilia via
TIGITICOSTh2 cells. The
association of altered Treg clusters with the AA phenotype in ROC
analysis underscored the importance of changes in the Treg compartment.
Conclusions: Our approach identifies a unique T-cell signature of
childhood AA and provides insights for pathophysiological involvement of
dysbalanced Tregs, TIGITICOS Th2
cells and CD8 T memory cells. This can be useful for
immunomonitoring, immunomodulation and for further studies in childhood
AA.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infection in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Patients Using Microbial Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Smith Lauren , Goldman Frederick , Murthy Susmita
Published: January 2024

Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are highly immune
compromised with a significantly increased risk for severe pulmonary
infections. In these two case reports, we review the use of plasma
microbial cell-free DNA next generation sequencing, also known as the
Karius Test (KT), as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. These cases
illustrate how the KT can provide early species-level identification of
pathogens for patients that are either unable to tolerate sedated
bronchoscopy, or those with negative bronchoalveolar lavage due to heavy
antibiotic pre-treatment. These two clinical cases illustrate how use of
KT can reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality.
Evaluation of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as an Adjuvant Treatment for Necrotising Otitis Externa: Retrospective, observational, case-control study.
Authors: Meghji Sheneen , Wellstead Georgina , Philpott Carl , Nunney Ian , Prinsley Peter , Al-Omari Basil , Bothma Pieter
Published: January 2024

Objectives Admission of patients with necrotising otitis externa (NOE)
has been rising steadily over the last five years and mortality and
morbidity associated with the disease is high. Our objective is to
assess the value of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with
necrotising otitis externa. Design and setting A retrospective,
observational, case-control study was conducted by examining patients’
records over a four-and-a-half-year period at two secondary care sites
in the UK. The (Non-HBO) control group treated conventionally and the
(HBO) group treated with additional adjuvant HBO in a multiple occupancy
therapy chamber at the James Paget University Hospital. The primary
outcome measure was death. Secondary outcomes measures were resolution
of pain and recovery from otalgia, facial nerve palsy and other cranial
nerve palsies. Results There were 10 patients in the HBO group and 20 in
the non-HBO group; mean age was 82.3 years and 88.3 years respectively.
The mortality rate was 30% in the HBO group compared to 55% in the
non-HBO group. Patients tolerated HBO well, had greater resolution of
pain (90% vs 64%) and resolution of facial nerve palsy (67% vs 31%)
than the non-HBO group. Resolution of other cranial neuropathies was
similar. Conclusion Our case series suggests that HBO is potentially a
life-saving intervention. It also suggests that patients treated with
HBO therapy for NOE appear to improve both in terms of pain and facial
nerve palsies compared with conventional treatment and sets the
precedent for a trial to formally compare the adjunctive intervention of
HBO.
A comparison of different methods for estimating turbulent dissipation rate from synthetic PIV images
Authors: Wang Guichao , liu tianshu , Peng Cheng
Published: January 2024

The turbulent energy dissipation rate is an important parameter that
determines the transfer rates of mass, heat, and momentum. To directly
determine the local turbulent dissipation rate, fluctuating velocity
gradients have to be measured down to the Kolmogorov length scale. This
paper compares three different methods, namely, correlation method,
optical flow method, and hybrid method, in the evaluation of velocity
fields, which are subsequently used to calculate the turbulent
dissipation rate. An instantaneous flow field of homogeneous isotropic
turbulence from DNS results is used as a benchmark. It is shown that the
hybrid method performs better in both velocity field evaluation and
local turbulent dissipation rate estimation compared to the other two
methods. This is because the hybrid method combines the advantages of
the correlation method in achieving a stable averaged velocity field and
the optical flow method in achieving pixel-level resolution measurement
of the flow field.
Attitudes of school teachers towards influenza and COVID-19 vaccine in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: GKENTZI DESPOINA , Benetatou Eleni , Fouzas Sotirios , Karatza Ageliki , Kanellopoulou Aimilia , Lagadinou Maria , Marangos Markos , Dimitriou Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Rational, aims and objectives: Our study aims to assess attitudes,
knowledge and influenza vaccine uptake of school teachers and the
intention to uptake influenza vaccine as well as the COVID-19 vaccine
and to identify factors associated with vaccine acceptance during the
COVID-19 pandemic in Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey
was conducted among school teachers in the area of Western Greece from
June 2020 to August 2020. A self-administered questionnaire was
distributed via an internet-based link along with an invitation email.
Results: Responses from 399 participants were retrieved. 139 (34.8%)
had received the annual influenza vaccine in the season 2019-2020
whereas 215 (53.9%) stated that they would get it in the forthcoming
season 2020-202(p < 0.001). 152 (38.1%) intent to get the
COVID-19 vaccine when available. For COVID-19 vaccine factors that were
independently associated with the intention to uptake included more than
15 years at work (p=0.001), prior influenza vaccine uptake (p=0.003),
believing that COVID 19 vaccine should be mandatory (p=0.04) and that
school teachers are a high-risk group for COVID-19 (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have an impact on the
intention of school teachers to get vaccinated for influenza. The low
level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance intention amongst the teachers in
our cohort warrants further attention. Public health interventions
should aim to increase knowledge on both influenza and COVID-19 and
prevention of them via immunization in this particular at-risk
population.
Morphology and position of the right atrioventricular valve in relation to right atrial structures.
Authors: Holda Jakub , Słodowska Katarzyna , Strona Marcin , Mazur Małgorzata , Jasińska Katarzyna , Matuszyk Aleksandra , Koziej Mateusz , Walocha Jerzy , Holda Mateusz
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of
the right atrioventricular valve (RAV) and determine its spatial
position in relation to selected structures of the right atrium. Methods
and Results: We examined 200 randomly selected human adult hearts. All
leaflets and commissures were identified and measured. The position of
the RAV was defined. 3-leaflet configurations were present in 67.0% of
cases whereas 4-leaflet configurations were present in 33.0%. Valves
with four leaflets have significantly larger perimeter (119.2±11.1 vs.
109.3±11.3mm, p=0.001). No significant difference was found in superior
leaflet length and height between 3- and 4-leaflet RAVs. Septal and
mural leaflets were both significantly shorter and higher in 4-leaflet
than in 3-leaflet RAVs. Significant domination of the muro-septal
commissure in 3-leflet valves was noted. The supero-septal commissure
was the most stable point within RAV circumference, with no difference
in its position between 3- and 4-leaflet valves. In 3-leaflet valves the
muro-septal commissure was placed within cavo-tricuspid isthmus area in
52.2% of cases, followed by the right atrial appendage vestibule region
(20.9%). In 4-leaflet RAVs, the infero-septal commissure was located
predominantly in the cavo-tricuspid isthmus area and infero-mural
commissure was always located within the right atrial appendage
vestibule region. Conclusions: The RAV is a highly variable structure.
The supero-septal part of the RAV is the least variable component,
whereas the infero-mural is the most variable. The number of detected
RAV leaflets significantly influences the relative position of
individual valve components in relation to right atrial structures.
Avialae Washoe Co. Locomotion
Authors: Goetz Aaron
Published: January 2024

There are many Avialae that call the valley of Washoe Co their home.
This study had two periods of documentation, 11-1:45 and 3:30-4. The
species of Avialae that were documented in locomotion are Columbidae,
Anas platyrhynchos, Larus califoricus, Sturnus vulgaris, and Buteo.
Epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus strains in Poland 2016-2018 in different types of chicken production
Authors: Hodorowicz Wojciech , Ashash Ehud , Kozdruń Wojciech
Published: January 2024

In Poland the poultry industry is dynamically developing and, as a
result, constant threat from the rapidly changing IB virus explains the
need to constantly monitor the epidemiological situation in a given
region. Therefore, the aim of this publication is to present the current
epidemiological IB field situation in Poland based on research done
recently. Knowledge of the current field status can help to find the
best solution and quick response in the case of a new variant of IB
virus with altered pathogenicity. The following publication shows
changes in the epidemiological situation in the frequency of infections
with various IB virus serotypes, mainly 793B, Var2, and QX.
Understanding the epidemiology of IBV and the structure of the
occurrence of individual viral serotypes allows the use of optimal
vaccination programmes and improvement of production efficiency.
HYDROMAGNETIC HYBRID NANOFLUID FLOW AND MASS TRANSFER FROM A STRETCHING SURFACE IN POROUS MEDIA WITH NAVIER SLIP AND CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS
Authors: Mahabaleshwar U.S. , O.A. Anwar , Baleanu Dumitru , T Anusha
Published: January 2024

Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) comprise combinations of different
nanoparticles suspended in base fluids. Applications of such nanofluids
are growing in the areas of energy and biomedical engineering including
smart (functional) coatings. Motivated by these developments, the
present article examines theoretically the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
coating boundary layer flow of HNFs from a stretching surface under a
transverse magnetic field in porous media with chemically reactive
nanoparticles. Darcy’s law is deployed. Both first and second order
momentum slip is included as is solutal slip. The transformed boundary
value problem is solved analytically. Closed form solutions for velocity
are derived in terms of exponential functions and for the concentration
field in terms of incomplete Gamma functions by the application of the
Laplace transformation technique.The influence of selected parameters
e.g. suction/injection, magnetic field and slip parameterson velocity
and concentration distributions are visualized graphically.
Concentration magnitudes are elevated with stronger magnetic field
whereas they are suppressed with greater wall solutal slip. Magnetic
field suppresses velocity and increases hydrodynamic boundary layer
thickness. The flow is accelerated with reduction in inverse Darcy
number and stronger suction leads to a decrease in skin friction. The
analysis provides a good foundation for further investigations using
numerical methods.
Redo aortic valve surgery in a case of dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Dinato Fabrício , Brandão Carlos , Pomerantzeff Pablo , Jatene Fabio
Published: January 2024

Dextrocardia is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly where the base-apex
axis of the heart is directed to the right side. It may be associated
with situs solitus, situs inversus, or situs ambiguous. Here we report a
case of a patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis, who had
severe aortic bioprosthetic valve degeneration needing a redo aortic
valve replacement. Computed tomography scan played a crucial role for a
proper preoperative anatomical evaluation and surgical planning.
Regarding our operative strategy, the main surgeon stood on the left
side of the patient to perform most surgical steps. This surgical
management played an important role for the good result in this
challenging scenario.