bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant use in Muslim Spain: Preliminary results from the medieval town of Madīnat Ilbīra
Authors: Lityńska-Zając Maria , Rębkowski Marian
Published: December 2020

The paper presents preliminary results of archaeobotanical studies carried out at the Madīnat Ilbīra site in Spain. The functioning of the town, which was the capital of one of the administrative districts (kūras) of al- Andalus, falls in the period between the second half of the 9th century and the 11th century. However, the analysed soil samples were collected from archaeological contexts dated mostly to the last decades of the 10th century and to the 11th century. The samples yielded an interesting set of data about the preserved plant remains. Although the taxonomic diversity of the plants is not high, the analysis revealed remains of naked and hulled wheat (emmer wheat), millet, poppy seeds, perhaps peas, cucumber or melon, and grapevine. Although crop plants played an important role in the everyday diet of the town inhabitants, wild plants also were probably collected and used. The latter are represented in the analysed materials by, for example, wild strawberry, common mallow and common purslane. The preserved charcoal remains confirm the use of different species of wood as fuel.
TECNOLOGIA COMO FERRAMENTA PEDAGÓGICA PARA O ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM DA ORTOGRAFIA: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE DOIS APLICATIVOS
Authors: Siqueira Vera Aparecida Cordeiro , Bodolay Adriana Nascimento , Assis Luciana Pereira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar resultados do uso da tecnologia como auxiliar do professor na sala de aula e facilitador do processo do ensino-aprendizagem da ortografia, no que se refere à memorização das palavras que possuem relação irregular entre grafema-fonema. O estudo foi feito no formato de censo, com 50 crianças de 8 anos, de uma escola pública, divididas em grupo teste e grupo controle. Compararam-se os resultados obtidos entre dois aplicativos com a mesma finalidade, aplicando-se um pré-teste e um pós-teste. Notou-se que o aplicativo Grapphia contribuiu para melhoria da memorização das palavras, demonstrando que esse pode se tornar uma ferramenta pedagógica no ensino de ortografia.
As ficções migrantes de Bruce Chatwin, Bernardo Carvalho, Edmund White e David Leavitt
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2020

O artigo investiga a produção de quatro escritores contemporâneos, Bernardo Carvalho, Bruce Chatwin, Edmund White e David Leavitt. Abrigamos sua produção nas rubricas de ficções migrantes e ficções de tribo. As ficções migrantes dizem respeito a obras cujos autores se colocam na condição de migrantes, seja pelo autoexílio ou por outras condições que os levam à diáspora. Já o conceito de tribo é apropriado de Dominique Maingueneau (2001) e trata de grupos de escritores reunidos por afinidades temáticas, teóricas e/ou reflexivas. O trabalho tem como objetivo central teorizar a questão das afinidades eletivas que permeiam as obras dos quatro autores escolhidos, com vistas a uma discussão crítica acerca do da reflexão literária e do discurso ficcional em torno do problema do deslocamento, da mobilidade e da clausura, o que requer pensar a importância das fronteiras, sejam elas geográficas ou textuais, como espaços para a criação de textos narrativos híbridos, fruto das tensões provocadas pelos deslocamentos de seus  autores em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado e em movimento.
Heterogeneidade narrativa em “A gente combinamos de não morrer”, de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Dias Ribeiro Ana Cláudia , Brito de Sousa Apinagé Maria Deusa , Testa Eliane Cristina
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo apresenta uma leitura crítico-reflexiva, pelo viés da literatura e da psicanálise do conto “A gente combinamos de não morrer”, do livro “Olhos d’água” (2016), de Conceição Evaristo. Buscamos destacar as configurações dos narradores, a heterogeneidade da narrativa, a presença da morte que permeia todo o conto, a escrita como uma maneira de simbolizar o que se encontra no inconsciente do sujeito e o uso de uma linguagem poética em meio ao ambiente de violência. Nesse conto, abordamos questões de violência e do medo da morte, que estão entre as tensões vivenciadas pelos moradores da favela. Para tanto, utilizamos como fundamentação teórica textos de Conceição Evaristo (2016, [2014]), Gancho (2004), Dalcastagnè (2012) e Lacan (1998, [1964]). Evaristo, em seu conto, dá voz aos excluídos sociais, como favelados, meninos e meninas de rua, mendigos, desempregados, beberrões e prostitutas, utilizando uma linguagem cotidiana e heterogênea, mas também poética, transpondo, assim, para a literatura diferentes contextos de violência a que estão submetidos as/os personagens.
Teoria da Complexidade: sobre o que é isto?
Authors: Jorge Ana Beatriz Miranda , Silva Williany Miranda da
Published: December 2020

Tradução do primeiro capítulo do livro Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics, no qual propõe o uso da Teoria da Complexidade na Linguística Aplicada, para uma melhor compreensão de fenômenos linguísticos relacionados ao desenvolvimento da língua (materna ou estrangeira) em contextos que este processo pode ocorrer.
Quarentena
Authors: Pardal Capistrano Renato
Published: December 2020

poema
Problemas e desafios na tradução das línguas indígenas: os casos das línguas Toba e Maká da região de Gran Chaco (Argentina e Paraguai)
Authors: Figueiredo Moura da Silva Maria Cândida , Arcego Emily
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho trata dos problemas de tradução entendidos como uma atividade translinguística e intercultural que envolve a tomada de decisões não apenas no nível linguístico (estrutural), mas também no nível comunicativo e performativo da linguagem. Com o propósito de abordar esses dois níveis, o primeiro diz respeito a duas categorias gramaticais das línguas Toba e Maká: os marcadores de possessão alienável e a evidência. Uma vez que são categorias não referenciais e pragmáticas, seus significados culturais podem ser perdidos no processo de tradução. No segundo nível, selecionamos duas características da arte verbal de Toba e Maká que mostram que o discurso oral indígena tem sua própria estrutura e organização, mesmo quando pode parecer errôneo ou arriscado/aleatório. Essas características são a estrutura prosódica da língua Toba e a repetição dos conectores discursivos na narrativa de Toba e Maká.  Além disso, o interesse teórico deste trabalho é refletir sobre o modelo de linguagem subjacente à descrição e à tradução linguística. Nossa análise baseia-se em um corpus de dados coletados diretamente durante os trabalhos de campo nas comunidades de Toba e Maká na região de Gran Chaco.
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
ON THE HAMMER MILL
锤片式粉碎机参数优化与试验研究
Authors: Wang Di , He Changbin , Tian Haiqing , Fei Liu , Tao Zhang , Hongqi Zhang
Published: December 2020

Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as experimental factors and the productivity and electricity consumption per ton as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the order of influence on the productivity was spindle speed > corn grain moisture content > number of hammers and that the order of influence on the electricity consumption per ton was corn grain moisture content > spindle speed > number of hammers. The parameters were optimized based on the response surface method with the following results: the spindle speed was 4306 r/min, the corn grain moisture content was 10%, and the number of hammers was 24. The validation experiment was carried out with the optimal parameters’ combination. The productivity and electricity consumption per ton were 988.12 kg/h and 5.37 kW·h/t, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results of the model.
OPTIMIZATION ON EFFICIENT COMBUSTION PROCESS OF SMALL-SIZED FUEL ROLLS MADE OF OLEAGINOUS FLAX RESIDUES
Authors: Yaheliuk Svitlana , Didukh Volodymyr , Busnyuk Vitally , Boyko Galina , Shubalyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

Currently, the use of secondary agricultural raw material is a topical issue. There are various applications of agricultural crop residues possible, but they are finance- and energy-consuming. Burning crop residues is very harmful for the environment. One of the ways to solve the problem is the production of solid biofuel that can be used to heat buildings. The authors suggest producing solid biofuel in the form of small-sized fuel rolls / pellets (SFR), which are made of oleaginous flax residues. As a result of the conducted experimental investigations, the authors have proved the efficiency and the environmental safety of SFR consumption. The new fuel can be recommended if the requirement of efficient and ecologically safe combustion is met. Thus, the influence of small-sized fuel rolls’ properties on the process of their combustion as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of the combustion gases from burning solid fuel made of oleaginous flax residues have been investigated. The paper presents the results proving that SFR combustion is the most efficient on condition of providing reduced moisture (10-12%) and reasonable density (80 kg/m3) in the process of pellet production. In addition, it has been determined that there is a significant reduction of harmful CO emissions and normalization of СО2 concentration. The application of the suggested solid biofuel can make it possible to solve the problem of using oleaginous flax residues and provide cheap fuel for household purposes.
DYNAMICS OF PROPORTIONAL SPEED CONTROL VERSUS SERVO SPEED CONTROL OF A HOSE / CABLE SPOOLING DEVICE FOR DRUM
Authors: Chirita Alexandru-Polifron , Blejan Marian , Popescu Teodor-Costinel , Popescu Ana-Maria
Published: December 2020

This article presents and analyses in two cases the dynamic performance of regulation and control of the linear speed of an electro-hydraulically driven mechatronic axis. In the first case, the flow control is performed with a proportional hydraulic directional control valve, while in the second case the control is performed with a servo-valve. The linear mechatronic axis is part of a complex subsystem used in both agriculture and industry that allows the precise winding of a hose / cable on a drum with the help of a spooling device, which conditions the positioning of the hose. The speed control of the hydraulic cylinder with bilateral rod on whose liner the spooling device is fixed is performed in a closed loop with the help of transducers and a programmable controller (PLC).
GESTURE NAMES WITH ADAPTORS IN LANGUAGE
Authors: Ioanesyan E.R. , Dronov P.S.
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with non-verbal semiotics, the field focusing on language and body language. The authors analyze gesture names containing adaptors, primarily body-adaptors such as the English idiom a slap on the cheek and Russian poshchechina ‘ditto’ (indicating a passive organ, i.e. an affected body part), French pichenette ‘flick on the nose’ (a passive organ), Serbo-Croatian šaka ‘slap on the cheek, strike with an open hand’ (an active organ). In some cases, a body-adaptor is reflected in the word’s inner form indicating the sound that goes along with the gesture (e.g. the sound of hitting a passive organ, such as the onomatopoeic Russian shlepok , English slap , and Spanish bofetada ), the impact mark (e.g. the French idiom giroflée à cinq feuilles ‘impact mark of four fingers on the cheek; slap on the cheek’), and the possible result or consequence of the gesture (e.g. Italian sganascione ‘a slap so hard that it can dislocate the jaw’). The paper also deals with the semantic transitions from gestures with adaptors to gesture idioms.
Görsel Sanatlar Eğitimi Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri Dersinde Mikro Öğretim Uygulaması: Fenomenografik Araştırma
Authors: GÜLER Ebru
Published: December 2020

Görsel sanatlar eğitimi özel öğretim yöntemleri II dersinde görsel sanatlar öğretmen adaylarının ders kapsamında gerçekleştirdikleri mikro-öğretim uygulamalarını ve bu dersin işlenişine yönelik deneyimlerini anlamayı amaçlayan bu araştırma fenomenografik araştırma ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma katılımcılarını amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme ile seçilen 30 görsel sanatlar öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri tümevarımsal içerik analiz ile çözümlenmiştir Araştırmada uygulama ve veri toplama süreci 2018-2019 güz ve bahar dönemi boyunca ÖÖY I ve ÖÖY II dersleri süresince devam etmiştir. Araştırma verileri araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulmuş olan açık uçlu yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ve ders dokümanları ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının deneyimleri “Derse hazırlık aşaması, mikro öğretim uygulaması, ÖÖY Dersi ve Değerlendirme” olmak üzere dört kategoride toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ÖÖY II dersinde öğretmenlik mesleğini deneyimleyen öğretmen adayları mikro öğretim uygulamalarında kendilerini ve arkadaşlarını değerlendirme fırsatı bulurken, aynı zamanda öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik öğretim becerilerini ve yeterliliklerini geliştirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Matematik ve Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Türev Konusundaki Kavram Yapıları
Authors: YAPICIOĞLU ULAŞ Mahiye , BİBER Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Repertuar Çizelge Tekniği (R.Ç.T.) kullanarak Matematik ve Fen Bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının türev konusu ile ilgili kavram yapılarını incelemektir. Araştırma bir şehir üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 5’i Fen Bilgisi, 5’i de Matematik Öğretmenliği eğitimi alan toplam 10 lisans öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Öğrenciler, Analiz ve Genel Matematik gibi türev konusunu içeren dersleri almışlardır, dolayısıyla türev konusunda bilgilerinin yeterli olacağı varsayılmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel desenli bir araştırmadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak repertuar çizelgeleri, yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar, konu alan bilgisi sınavı ve derslerdeki gözlemler kullanılmıştır. Seçilen öğrenciler, araştırmacının kontrolünde birbirine yakın üç ayrı tarihte yapılan üç oturuma katılmıştır. Birinci oturumda öğrencilerin türev bilgileri türev başarı testi ile test edilmiştir. İkinci oturumda mülakat yöntemi kullanılarak türev konusu ile ilgili yapıları belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve repertuar çizelgeleri oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü ve son oturumda ise öğrencilerin bu yapılara göre oluşan repertuar çizelgeleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu makale kapsamında tüm oturumlarda yer alan 2 öğrencinin bulguları değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre; fen bilgisi öğretmen adayının türevi daha çok hız kavramı ile ilişkilendirdiği, matematik öğretmen adayının ise türevi geometrik olarak yorumladığı yani fonksiyonun bir noktadaki teğetinin eğimi olarak düşündüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda türev konusu ile ilgili öğretmen adaylarının kavram yapılarına ulaşmada R.Ç.T.’nin uygulanabileceği görülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın farklı konulardaki benzer çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Program Görselleştirme Aracıyla Gerçekleştirilen Dijital Öyküleme Etkinliklerinin Yaratıcı Problem Çözme ve Bilgisayar Tutumuna Etkisi
Authors: YILMAZ Mutluhan , ÇELİK Embiya
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde üzerinde durulan becerilerden birisi Yaratıcı Problem Çözme becerisidir. Bu beceri Türkiye olarak öğrencilerimizin yoksunluk yaşadığı beceri olarak görülmektedir. Zira PISA 2015 sonuçlarına göre Türkiye, yaratıcı problem çözme becerisi bakımından OECD ülkeleri içerisinde sonuncu sıralardadır. Problem çözme becerisinin düşük olması, bireylerin karşılaştıkları sorunları çözmekte zorlanmalarına sebep olabilmektedir. Birçok araştırmacı için bilgisayar teknolojisi, öğrenme ve öğretmenin yollarını etkin şekilde destekleyen önemli bir araçtır. Bu doğrultuda, öğrencilerin bilgisayara karşı tutumu, bilgisayarı öğrenme aracı olarak kabul etmelerinde önem taşımaktadır. Bireylerin bilgisayara karşı olumlu tutum geliştirmeleri, yaşamlarını kolaylaştıracağı gibi, oldukça önemli becerileri edinmelerini de kolaylaştıracaktır. Bu araştırmada Program Görselleştirme Aracı (Scratch) ile gerçekleştirilen dijital öyküleme etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin yaratıcı problem çözme becerisine (YPÇB) ve bilgisayara yönelik tutumlarına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada açıklayıcı desen tercih edilmiş; uygun/ kolay ulaşılabilir örneklem seçilerek toplamda 61 katılımcıyla çalışma yürütülmüştür. Uygulanan programın öğrencilerin yaratıcı problem çözme becerisi ve bilgisayara yönelik tutumları üzerindeki kritik boyutlarda anlamlı bir farklılaşma sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.
Proyecto PROTECT
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Manuel Cristóbal , Urbano Contreras Antonio
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentación del proyecto PROTECT (PROfessional and TEchnology Competences in Translation). Para su fundamentación y diseño se ha empleado un cuestionario sobre la percepción de las necesidades tecnológicas y profesionales que han respondido 85 estudiantes del grado en Traducción e Interpretación. Con este proyecto se pretende fomentar la adquisición de la subcompetencia instrumental profesional por parte del alumnado universitario, una de las competencias más importantes en el nuevo entorno profesional tecnológico, con el fin de conseguir una transición al mundo laboral más dinámica y efectiva. Para el desarrollo de dicha competencia, se recrean diversos encargos profesionales para los cuales los alumnos tendrán que actuar como traductores profesionales y competir entre ellos para conseguir el encargo, realizarlo con las herramientas tecnológicas profesionales adecuadas, generar facturas y presupuestos y comunicarse con el cliente de manera eficiente para garantizar el éxito de los diferentes encargos y modalidades de traducción. De esta manera, se desarrollará un mayor dominio de herramientas tecnológicas propias del ámbito de la traducción y también transversales para la consecución y desarrollo de encargos reales, logrando una mayor preparación para afrontar diferentes asignaturas especializadas y una menor incertidumbre ante su futuro laboral.
Contrastes de género en una experiencia de formación e-learning en el grado de maestro de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete
Authors: Palomares-Ruiz Ascensión , Cebrián Antonio , López-Parra Emilio
Published: December 2020

El E-learning, electronic learning, o aprendizaje online, se refiere al aprendizaje mediante internet y la tecnología siendo sus principales beneficios la eliminación de las barreras espaciotemporales y la posibilidad de acceder al “lifelong learning” o el aprendizaje permanente a lo largo de la vida adaptado a las necesidades personales siendo una modalidad formativa que pretende aportar flexibilidad e individualización en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de la investigación fue verificar, mediante el análisis estadístico inferencial, si es posible rechazar la hipótesis nula de igualdad de género en las medias muestrales de las calificaciones como medición del rendimiento académico entre una materia de segundo del Grado de Maestro de Primaria de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete impartida con una metodología centrada en la formación E-learning con herramientas TIC de la Web 3.0 como Padlet, Socrative y Kahoot y otra materia impartida con una metodología más tradicional basada únicamente en las herramientas proporcionadas por el campus virtual. Se recurrió a un método cuasiexperimental a través de grupo de control no equivalente y no se encontraron diferencias de género estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados concuerdan con los datos proporcionados por Eurostat que constatan una brecha digital de género que está relacionada con la baja matriculación de mujeres en carreras técnicas y deberán alentar al profesorado a la inclusión, en la virtualización de sus materias, de variadas herramientas TIC que posibiliten la transición hacia metodologías más participativas y colaborativas con una mayor implicación y compromiso del alumnado.
Experiencias digitales, riesgos y enfoque educativo del ocio digital con jóvenes en dificultad social
Authors: Vasco-González Margarita , Martínez Rosa Goig , Úbeda-Sánchez Álvaro Manuel
Published: December 2020

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación pueden ser una herramienta para el desarrollo de valores sociales y educativos que faciliten a los jóvenes en dificultad social las oportunidades necesarias para su inclusión en la sociedad contemporánea. Desde esta perspectiva, se plantea un trabajo cuyo objetivo es investigar las experiencias de ocio digital de los jóvenes en dificultad social para descubrir las oportunidades educativas que se pueden implementar en el colectivo a través de actividades de ocio sostenidas en el entorno tecnológico. Es un estudio cualitativo que utiliza como instrumentos de recogida de datos las entrevistas abiertas realizadas a 78 informantes. Entre los resultados relevantes obtenidos destaca que este colectivo de jóvenes de exclusión social permanece en conexión constante con los amigos a través de su Smartphone. Mediante el uso continuado de este dispositivo alternan sus ocupaciones laborales, familiares y formativas con las redes sociales e internet para buscar, entre otras acciones, información sobre famosos o “YouTubers” de moda para copiar su comportamiento y estilo personal. Por ello, se concluye con el análisis sobre un enfoque educativo que utilice estos dispositivos como medio para trabajar, con los jóvenes en dificultad social, alternativas educativas de ocio digital que les faciliten oportunidades para el desarrollo de actuaciones en la red, cuyo valor para el crecimiento personal y social posibilite nuevas oportunidades para la inclusión en la sociedad.
Aspectos ergonômicos e distanciamento social enfrentados por docentes de graduações a distância durante a pandemia
Authors: Araripe Fátima Aurilane de Aguiar Lima , Nascimento Renata Vieira do , Pantoja Lydia Dayanne Maia , Paixão Germana Costa
Published: December 2020

Diante as dificuldades do trabalho home office gerado pela pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente considerando os docentes universitários, o presente trabalho objetivou investigar os aspectos ergonômicos e os impactos do distanciamento social vivenciados por tutores e professores formadores de cursos de graduação a distância de uma universidade cearense, em um contexto pandêmico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo, com aplicação de questionário on-line constituído por 37 questões (objetivas/subjetivas). Participaram 146 indivíduos, dos quais 56,2% eram mulheres, com média etária de 41 anos. 54,1% relataram ritmo de trabalho acelerado, 37,7% apresentam desconforto físico e 34,9% desconforto emocional. 83,6% estão praticando o distanciamento social, 63,7% apresentaram alterações de sono, 65,8% têm consumido mais alimentos, 94,5% têm assumido mais obrigações domésticas/familiares, mesmo assim 48,6% mantiveram a produtividade. Por fim, espera-se assessorar os gestores na dinâmica das atividades de graduações a distância e permitir uma reflexão da prática educacional em tempos adversos.
universidade e a atividade docente
Authors: Ferigato Sabrina Helena , Teixeira Ricardo Rodrigues , Fragelli Maria Claudia Bullio
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio tem como objeto a atividade docente em tempos de pandemia. À luz do referencial teórico da análise institucional, procuramos desvelar processos instituídos e instituintes da atividade docente e da vida acadêmica, tendo a experiência com a COVID-19 como um analisador de seu funcionamento. Para isso, realizamos uma análise focada em três tipos de relações envolvidas no trabalho cotidiano de docentes: (1) as relações com os estudantes, (2) as relações com a produção de conhecimento, (3) as relações com a sociedade em geral, atravessadas por outros três processos transversais a cada uma dessas relações: a virtualização da vida cotidiana; a polarização político-social e os movimentos de resistência e criação emergentes no mundo universitário em tempos de pandemia. Concluímos que a superação dos binarismos e das polarizações que se expressam nos últimos anos no Brasil é uma condição importante para a reinvenção do espaço acadêmico refundado em novos regimes de confiança e colaboração.
A Cadaveric Morphometric Study of Lumbar Vertebrae in Zimbabwean Adult Males
Authors: Khan Maimoona
Published: December 2020

Background: The occurrence of vertebral fractures and spinal cord injuries in developing countries in Africa is high with an annual incidence rate of 12.1 to 57.8 per million; 82.8% of these occurring in males and the most common causes being vehicle crushes (41.4%) and falls (34.9%)1. Treatment of vertebral fractures is aimed at stabilising a segment and then restoring its mobility thereby preventing nerve damage2. Violation of the pedicle walls during transpedicular screw fixation may occur if the screw diameter is too large or there is wrong placement3. Prevalence of pedicle wall violation using the “free hand” technique was reported to be 1.4%4.

Objective: To document the dimensions of the pedicles of lumbar vertebrae in the Zimbabwean population.

Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Gross Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare. The duration of study was 6 months (from June 2019 to December 2019).

Material and Methods: A total of 15 adult male cadaveric specimens were taken from the Department of Anatomy at University of Zimbabwe. The lumbar vertebrae were dissected and their Pedicle Transverse Diameter (PTD), Pedicle Vertical Diameter (PVD) and the chord length were measured using a vernier calliper. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS version 20.

Results: There was no significant difference between the pedicle dimensions of the right and left sides (P > 0.05). PTD steadily increases from vertebral level L1 to L4 followed by an abrupt increase at L5. PVD gradually decreases from L1 to L5 level. The chord length increases from a minimum at L1 to reach a maximum at L3 and then again decreases to L5 level.

Conclusion: Pedicle dimensions for the Zimbabwean population differ from those reported in previous studies for other population groups.

Key words: Chord length, Lumbar vertebrae, Pedicle dimensions.
Effect of Novel COVID-19 Infection on Different Organs of Human Body: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hayat Abdul qadir
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 infection creates a drastic effect on vital organs of human body including heart, liver, brain and lungs. This infection can cause mild to severe organ injuries resulting in death of the patient. The novel corona virus damages host cells through ACE-2 receptors. Therefore, proper care should be taken to protect vital organs during diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Equipe Editorial e Avaliadores Ad hoc
Authors: Andreis Greice da Silva Lorenzzetti
Published: December 2020

Equipe Editorial e Avaliadores Ad hoc da REMAT, v. 6, n. 2, 2020.
NILAI SIRI’ SEBAGAI POLA ASUH TERHADAP REMAJA PUTRI
Authors: Indrayanti Indrayanti , Duma Imelda
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The value of siri 'is a philosophy of life for the people of South Sulawesi that has existed since ancient times. Siri 'is defined as a feeling of shame in doing things that are contrary to the prevailing rules in society. South Sulawesi still upholds the value of siri 'primarily to women. This is because the Bugis consider women a symbol of self-esteem in the family. Therefore, the family should look after their children to maintain the family siri ', especially girls so they don't do things that are embarrassing or tarnish the family's good name.
This study aims to determine why families instill the value of siri 'primarily in adolescents and how families instill siri' values ​​in their families, especially in young women. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with three informants, namely the teenager from South Sulawesi.
The results found were that families instilled siri values' in young women in addition to continuing the value of siri 'in the family as well as maintaining siri' values ​​in the family and for its application, it was carried out as early as possible to their daughters.
An Optimization Method Combining RSSI and PDR Data to Estimate Distance Between Smart Devices
Authors: Zhao Bo , Zheng Chao , Ren Xinxin , Dai Jianrong
Published: December 2020

Distance
estimation methods arise in many applications, such as indoor positioning and Covid-19 contact tracing. The
received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is favored in distance estimation.
However, the accuracy is not satisfactory due to the signal fluctuation. Besides,
the RSSI-only method has a large ranging error because it uses fixed parameters
of the path loss model. Here, we propose an optimization method combining RSSI
and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) data to estimate the distance between smart
devices. The PDR may provide the high accuracy of walking distance and
direction, which is used to compensate for the effects of interference on the
RSSI. Moreover, the parameters of the path loss model are optimized to
dynamically fit to the complex electromagnetic environment. The proposed method
is evaluated in outdoor and indoor environments and
is also compared with the RSSI-only method. The results show that the mean
absolute error is reduced up to 0.51 m and 1.02 m, with the improvement of
10.60% and 64.55% for outdoor and indoor environments, respectively, in
comparison with the RSSI-only method. Consequently, the proposed optimization
method has better accuracy of distance estimation than the RSSI-only method,
and its feasibility is demonstrated through real-world evaluations.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IV TAHUN 2016-2018
Authors: Marthika Laula Dwi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV pada Tahun 2016 sampai 2018.  Penilaian tingkat Kesehatan Perusahaan berdasarkan  Keputusan Menteri BUMN Nomor: KEP-100/MBU/2002.  Berdasarkan surat keputusan tersebut tingkat kesehatan dilihat dari tiga aspek, yaitu: aspek keuangan, aspek operasional dan aspek administratifMetode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan keuangan berdasarkan 3 aspek, yaitu aspek keuangan. aspek operasional dan aspek administratif.Secara keseluruhan tingkat kesehatan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV berada pada predikat sehat dengan katagori “A”. Namun jika melihat ketiga aspeknya dari tahun 2016-2018, aspek keuangan dan operasional mengalami penurunan sedangakan aspek adeministratif konstan. Pada aspek keaungan Rasio Keuangan ROE, ROI, Rasio Kas dan perputaran total aset yang mengalami penurunan dari total 8 rasio keuangan yang dihitung. Aspek Operasional Tahun 2018 mengalami penuruan dari tahun 2017 ke tahun 2018.  Produktivitas Hasil kebun dan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja pada Kebun Teh mengalami penurunan. Dari nilai 80 menjadi 50 pada produktivitas hasil kebun teh (Daun Teh Basah) dan dari 100 menjadi 50 pada produktivitas tenaga kerja kebun teh (Ton/Orang).Kata Kunci: Tingkat Kesehatan. Keuangan, Operasional, Administrasi
KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL AGROINDUSTRI TERASI DI DESA AMBUNTEN TIMUR KECAMATAN AMBUNTEN KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Hermanto Bambang , Kurdi Moh.
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPotensi perikanan yang dimiliki Kabupaten Sumenep sangatlah besar dan menjanjikan. Hal ini kemudian di Desa Ambunten Timur Kecamatan Ambunten sebagian masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi perikanan tersebut sebagai produk, diantaranya petis, ikan asin, ikan asap dan terutama terasi. Usaha terasi yang ada di Desa Ambunten Timur belum pernah dilakukan analisis, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian ini dilakukan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kelayakan dan analisis finansial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: biaya produksi sebesar (TC) Rp. 37.771.568,- pendapatan agroindustri terasi (π) sebesar Rp. 18.489.543,- dan efisiensi (R/C Ratio) agroindustri terasi sebesar Rp. 1.49,-. Dari ketiga kriteria.Kata kunci:Finansial; Efisiensi; Agroindustri; Terasi ABSTRACTThe fishery potential of Sumenep Regency is huge and promising. In this case, in Ambunten Timur Village, Ambunten Subdistrict, some people use the fishery potential as a product, including petis, salted fish, smoked fish and especially shrimp paste. The shrimp paste business in Ambunten Timur Village has never been analyzed, so this research needs to be done. The method in this study uses a feasibility analysis and financial analysis. The results of this study are: production costs of (TC) Rp. 37,771,568, - shrimp paste agro-industry income (π) of Rp. 18,489,543, - and the efficiency (R / C Ratio) of the shrimp paste agro-industry of Rp. 1.49, -. Of the three criteria.Keywords: Financial; Efficiency; Agro industry; Shrimp paste
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA TERNAK LEBAH MADU (TRIGONA SP)DI DESA SUKADANA KECAMATAN BAYAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Fitriyah Abyadul , Mujiburrahman Imam , Mariani Yuni , Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengetahui besarnya biaya dalam menjalankan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara, dan  (2) Mengetahui besarnya pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp)  di Desa SukadanaKecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan teknik survey.Sampel dalam penelitian initiga puluh (30) orang respondenyang diambilsecarasimple random sampling dan pemilihan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive. Untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya usaha ternak lebah madu di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara dilakukan dengan analisis biaya produksi, untuk mengetahui pendapatan usahaternak lebah madu dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus analisis pendapatan dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha ternaklebah madu dianalisisdengan menggunakan rumus B/C Rasio.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1).Besarnya biaya dalam menjalankan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utaraadalah Rp 2.673.308. (2). Pendapatan yang di peroleh dari usaha ternak lebah madu dalam satu tahun sebesarRp. 4.685.000,-. (3). Usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara secara ekonomi layak untuk diusahakan dan dikembangkan  karenadiperoleh nilai B/C rasio sebesar 1,75. Kata kunci: Lebah madu; Biaya;Pendapatan; B/C rasio ABSTRACTThis study aims to: (1) Determine the running costof  honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara, and (2) Determine income and feasibility of honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara.The method used in this study is descriptive analysis by survey. The total samples are thirty (30) respondents were taken in simple random sampling and selection of research location conducted by purposive.To find out the running cost of honey bee farming in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara is carried out by analysis of production costs,to find out the business income of honey bee farming was analyzed using an income analysis formula and to find out of  the feasibility of honey bee farming was analyzed using the formula B/C Ratio.The results showed that: (1).The running cost of honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara is Rp 2.673.308. (2).The annual income from honey bee farming (Trigona sp) is Rp. 4.685.000, (3).Honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara feasible to be cultivated and developed becauseBenefit Cost Ratio (B/C) was obtained 1.75.  Keywords: Honey Bee;Cos;Incom;, B/C ratio
Pelayanan Kefarmasian dan Pemahaman Penggunaan Obat Rasional (POR) di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Arimbawa Putu Eka
Published: December 2020

Praktek kefarmasian sangat penting dalam pelayanan informasi kesehatan karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang penggunaan obat rasional (POR) di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pelayanan kefarmasian dengan pemahaman POR. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain survei cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 97. Data dikumpulkan dari bulan Januari-Februari 2020 di Kota Denpasar menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji binary logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan farmasi yang sangat baik adalah sistem pengambilan antrean obat (61.9%), dan kelengkapan peralatan yang digunakan (38.1%). Kebanyakan orang memahami bahwa POR harus menyesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis pasien (93.8%). Pelayanan kefarmasian memberikan hubungan yang signifikan dengan pemahaman POR (P<0.05). Praktek kefarmasian mengenai sistem antrean obat dan kelengkapan peralatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien mengenai POR tentang kondisi klinis. Ketersediaan obat dan kesiapan apoteker perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam mengembangkan informasi obat paten-generik. Karena itu, perlu dievaluasi kehadiran dan jumlah apoteker yang tepat dalam memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian di masyarakat
El movimiento del proletariado del sector azúcarero en Cuba en la primera mitad de los años treinta
Authors: Kula Marcin
Published: December 2020

The Cuban Labor movement has origins in a workers' union called Confederación Nacional Obrera de Cuba (CNOC). The union was founded in 1925 under communist leadership. The organization's goal was to unionize 200 thousand Cuban workers. Of great importance was the fact that organization was aimed at rural populations rather than urban workers. Poor farmers and agricultural/migratory workers were in great need of emancipation and deprived of socioeconomic rights. Especially the workers of the sugar industry were eager to participate in the movement. Thanks to them, the organization saw rapid development in the early 30's. The sugar industry workers were very important in shaping the movement. Despite involvement in agriculture they had a lot in common with urban workers which greatly contributed to the development of the CNOC.

English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski
Investigaciones arqueológicas en el cerro con muros concéntricos de Cerro Colorado, Valle de Huaura, Perú
Authors: Van Dalen Luna Pieter D.
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se presenta los resultados de las investigaciones con excavaciones realizadas en el sector A de Cerro Colorado en el valle de Huaura. Este sector correspondiente a un cerro con muros concéntricos, ha sido muy descrito en los últimos años, aunque es la primera vez que se han realizado investigaciones intensivas que nos permiten conocer con mayor detalle sobre la arquitectura conformante y su funcionalidad. Los resultados de las investigaciones revelaron el hallazgo de materiales y contextos rituales y domésticos, por lo que planteamos que este sitio cumplió una función ritual, relacionado con el culto al mar (Mamacocha y Urpiwachak).
La interacción con los muertos en la cultura Chancay
Authors: Majchrzak Łukasz
Published: December 2020

Presentamos los resultados del estudio estratigráfi co y forense de los fardos y cuerpos pertenecientes a la cultura Chancay, excavados en los últimos años en el valle de Huaura. Nos enfocamos en la identifi cación de los indicadores del contacto directo con el muerto y con su fardo. Los documentos coloniales informan de que existía tal práctica, y que, al menos en la sierra, los cuerpos de los antepasados participaban en fi e-stas y otras ceremonias religiosas. Nuestros resultados indican que algunos de los fardos presentan eviden-cias de un contacto póstumo, para depositar nuevas capas de textiles. Los cuerpos ubicados en los fardos estaban articulados, lo que permite excluir que se sacaba los cuerpos mismos. Sin embargo, identifi camos algunos casos en que se registró la ausencia del cráneo. Este fenómeno pudo ser la consecuencia del uso ritual de las cabezas momifi cadas. Para un mejor entendimiento de todos estos datos, aprovechamos con una introducción teorética, en base de que proponemos algunas interpretaciones de nuestros resultados.
Die Aktionsart in der deutschen Sprache: Eine kategoriale Unterteilung
Authors: López-Campos Bodineau Rafael de la Cruz
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to review some of the fundamental concepts concerning the widely discussed controversy on the mode of action in German. Specifically, the proposal articulates the traditional categories into two basic branches (actions of state / actions of change of state) subdividing the groups into the ingressive, durative and egressive dimensions of German verbs. The whole set is completed by an additional category called “iterative” which is shown by means of grammatical devices whose nature is not necessarily verbal.
Andersen i Carofiglio. Literacko-filozoficzny portret człowieka i miasta
Authors: Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: December 2020

The text presents selected images of Italian cities present in the novels of Hans Christian Andersen and Giacomo Carofiglio. Rome, Naples, Amalfi, Pompeii, and Bari were read here from two perspectives: bucolic and pessimistic, which allowed to recreate the authors' attitude towards the cultural phenomenon of the city. It was emphasized that the authors writing in the two early centuries: the nineteenth (Andersen) and the twenty-first (Carofiglio) – read the cities of Italy in parallel through experiences of individual sensuality, sensitivity, contemplation and perception. Literature material was also interpreted in the context of the philosophies of Pascal, Bergson, Nietzsche and Deleuze.
„(E)migrantki”. Recepcja poezji Polek mieszkających w Szwecji
Authors: Wojciechowski Paweł
Published: December 2020

Recenzja: Antologia polskiej poezji w Szwecji. Głosy poetek, wprowadzenie, wybór, opracowanie Ewa Teodorowicz-Hellman, Stockholm Slavic Papers 29, Stockholms Universitet Institutionen för Slaviska och Baltiska Språk, Finska, Nederlänska och Tyska, 2020, ss. 298.
The Convent of Premonstratensians in Imbramowice:
Authors: Skrzydlewska Beata
Published: December 2020

During the several hundred years of its history, The Convent of Norbertine Sisters in Imbramowice has become a permanent part of Polish culture. A cloistered order, seemingly cut off from the outside world, is a place where a rich social culture is created. Educational activity was among many areas of the Norbertine sisters’ activity. The Norbertine nuns ran the Institute for girls from landed gentry many years before the partitions of Poland. Zofia Grothówna mentioned this many times in the convent chronicle. However, the institute was closed due to the repressions caused by the outbreak of the January Uprising in 1864. Many years later, Maria Nidecka, the abbess of the convent from 1897 to 1917, opened a so-called Non-resident School for Village Children. Her idea was continued by the abbess Anzelma Wiśnicka, thanks to whom the Household School for Girls was established. Its shape was influenced by the School of Household Works for Women, founded by Jadwiga Zamoyska in Kórnik near Poznań in 1882, and transferred to Kuźnice near Zakopane. The Household School for Girls in Imbramowice was officially opened on 15 November 1919 and was then named the Norbertine Girls Lower School of Agriculture, and from 1939 the Private Female Agricultural School of St. Norbert's Sisters in Imbramowice. The main goal of the Norbertine sisters when organising the school was to prepare Polish girls for a decent life in the independent Poland, reborn after many years of partitions. Unfortunately, with the advent of the Polish People's Republic, the school in Imbramowice was closed.
Balanced Nutrition Counseling Intervention with Video Media on Changes in Nutrition Intake of Adolescent Girls
Authors: Nurcahyani Icha Dian
Published: December 2020

Women play an important role as determinants of the quality of future generations, therefore it is important to ensure that women's nutritional status does not have problems as early as possible. The risk of chronic lack of energy (KEK) in pregnant women because the mother has experienced KEK in adolescence, one of which is caused by the intake of nutrients that are not adequate. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of nutritional counseling interventions balanced with video media on changes in the nutritional intake of Adolescence Girls of SMPN 1 Turikale Kab. Maros This research used experimental pre-design with one group of pre-post test design. Variable research on nutritional intake was measured before and after being given balanced nutrition counseling with video media. Data collection used online questionnaires and research subjects numbered 40 people, female gender. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov and Paired t-test. The results showed that there was no difference in energy intake (p= 0.412), carbohydrate intake (p=0.052), and protein intake (p=0.559) before and after balanced nutrition counseling, but there were differences in fat intake (p=0.008) and iron intake (p=0.007) before and after balanced nutrition counseling. It can be concluded that there was a significant change between fat intake and iron intake after receiving counseling.
PREDICTING RURAL STEM TEACHERS’ ACCEPTANCE OF MOBILE LEARNING IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Mutambara David , Bayaga Anass
Published: December 2020

In South Africa, high schools’ Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education is faced with many challenges. However, previous studies have shown that mobile learning (m-learning) can be used to lessen the challenges faced in STEM education. Despite the benefits that m-learning can bring into STEM classrooms, its adoption is still below the expected rate. The acceptance of m-learning depends on the attitude of its users. Most studies focused on learners’ acceptance of m-learning. However, very little is known about rural high school STEM teachers’ acceptance of m-learning in the Fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. This study proposes a model, which extends the Technology Acceptance Model by introducing perceived social influence and perceived resources. Stratified random sampling was used to select 150 teachers to participate in the survey. A total of 114 valid questionnaires were collected, and data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The proposed model explained 37.9 % of the variance in teachers’ behavioural intention to use m-learning in the 4IR era. Perceived attitude towards the use was found to be the best predictor of teachers’ behavioural intention, followed by perceived ease of use, perceived resources, perceived social influence, and lastly perceived usefulness