bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAND INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN CANADA
Authors: Raymond Gérard
Published: July 2019

The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Navy Navigation Satellite System (NNSS), commonly known as Transit, has been used extensively since 1967 for civilian geodetic surveying and navigation. With the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS), the DoD will have no further need for Transit and plans to shut down the system in 1994. GPS receivers are still expensive and Transit Doppler receivers purchased today, according to the planned schedule, would have a limited life span of less than ten years. In this paper we present an economical method of acquiring the capabilities of modern Transit receivers by upgrading a popular old receiver. We have interfaced a standard Apple II microcomputer to a Canadian Marconi CMA-722B. The Apple microcomputer provides the added data processing and storage capability found in more modern Doppler receivers and obviates the need for “user unfriendly" paper tape or expensive data cassettes. Dubbed “UNBSAT”, our system allows established survey organizations to expand their Transit positioning capabilities by reactivating their moth-balled CMA-722B receivers, allows developing nations to carry out Doppler surveys economically, and provides an educational tool for training surveying engineers in satellite positioning techniques. The hardware and software configuration of this system is described and an outline of its capabilities is given. The direction of current and future development of the system is also discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Doig J. E , Woolnough D.E , Woolnough D. F. , Delikaraoglou Demitris
Published: July 2019

In August 1985 Canadian hydrographers broke new ground by being the first to use airborne laser scanning techniques to locate and survey shipping channels through parts of the southern route of the Northwest Passage. This survey is a landmark event in hydrographic surveying as it signals the first time that an active airborne sensor was used for chartmaking purposes. Laser soundings were acquired in two of the highest priority areas and the processed results will be used in the compilation of new nautical charts of these two areas.
CHARTMAKING WITH LARSEN
Authors: Casey M. J. , Terra J. Vosburgh
Published: July 2019

In August 1985 Canadian hydrographers broke new ground by being the first to use airborne laser scanning techniques to locate and survey shipping channels through parts of the southern route of the Northwest Passage. This survey is a landmark event in hydrographic surveying as it signals the first time that an active airborne sensor was used for chartmaking purposes. Laser soundings were acquired in two of the highest priority areas and the processed results will be used in the compilation of new nautical charts of these two areas.
THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY COMMISSION CANADA–UNITED STATES
Authors: McEwen Alec C.
Published: July 2019

The International Boundary Commission (IBC) is a permanent organization established by bilateral treaty to maintain an effective land and water boundary between Canada and the United States. It exercises regulatory powers under treaty and statute relating to boundary vista protection and transboundary construction. There have been boundary anomalies and ambiguous boundary descriptions. The peaceful resolution of several boundary disputes and uncertainties by the Commission has contributed to the preservation of national sovereignty. Its activities can be likened to those of an insurance underwriter.
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IN SURVEYING PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES, FUTURE POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Lodwick G. D. , Paine S. H.
Published: July 2019

Of all the areas of the earth sciences affected by satellite remote sensing, the surveying profession has been one of the last to take advantage of its unique features. This is due in part to: resolution limitations of Landsat 1, 2 and 3, difficulties in registration and positioning of the imagery, technical constraints in handling vast quantities of digital data, and the excellent methods currently available for the production of cartographic products. Nevertheless, satellite remote sensing has now emerged as a complementary procedure to many existing techniques utilized in surveying and mapping. Already, Landsat is being used for topographic mapping, hydrographic surveying and resource mapping purposes. However, with the improved resolution of Landsat 4, the potential of stereoscopic coverage with the SPOT satellites and present developments in computer processing and data manipulation, satellite remote sensing in the next decade will emerge as an indispensable tool for mapping and cartography.
STATUS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ALBERTA PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Balce A.E.
Published: July 2019

The Alberta Photogrammetric Control System (APCS) offers a wide range of applications including map compilation, quantity determination, map revision, land surveying and land information services. Accuracies of derived coordinates using an analytical stereoplotter are in the order of 0.11 to 0.21 m for horizontal and 0.10 to 0.17 m for vertical in urban areas. In rural areas, accuracies are 2.05 m for horizontal and 1.05 m for vertical. These accuracies are well within the standard accuracies of map products compiled using APCS data. The status of the system is presented.
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LAND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Blais J.A.R.
Published: July 2019

In general, land information includes all information that is related to the land and its resources. Among the necessary considerations in the design and development of a land information system, the topological aspects are fundamental as they refer to the interconnectivity of the information. Graph and information theoretic considerations, based on the natural topology of the information, are also required for system analysis, optimization and other purposes. Some practical aspects of these considerations are briefly discussed with suggestions for further studies and investigations.
REAL-TIME MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS
Authors: Wong Kam W.
Published: July 2019

Recent developments in machine vision systems, solid state cameras, and image processing are reviewed. Both hardware and software systems are currently available for performing real-time recognition and geometric measurements. More than 1000 units of these imaging systems are already being used in manufacturing plants in the United States. Current research efforts are focused on the processing of three-dimensional information and on knowledge-based processing systems.

Five potential research topics in the area of photogrammetry are proposed: 1) stereo solid state camera systems, 2) image correlation, 3) self-calibration and self-orientation, 4) general algorithm for multistation and multicamera photography, and 5) artificial photogrammetry.
REAL-TIME PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS USED FOR MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS
Authors: Haggrén Henrik
Published: July 2019

A photogrammetric machine vision system, called Mapvision, has been developed at the Technical Research Centre of Finland. The paper deals with the principles of real-time photogrammetry as applied to machine vision. There is a brief overview of the present machine vision markets and the commercial systems available. The practical examples presented concern the tentative experiences in applying the Mapvision and its preceding prototype system for industrial inspection and assembly control.
LE RÔLE DU LANGAGE GRAPHIQUE DANS LE RENOUVELLEMENT DE LA CONCEPTION D’UN ATLAS PÉDAGOGIQUE: le cas de L’interAtlas
Authors: Raveneau Jean , Marcotte Louise , Tessier Yves
Published: July 2019

Cette communication a pour but de présenter les aspects graphiques et cartographiques du renouvellement de la conception d’un atlas pédagogique à partir de l’exemple de L’interAtlas. Il s’agit de montrer comment certains concepts de communication graphique ont été mis à profit pour assurer la transmission efficace d’informations géographiques préalablement structurées selon des devis pédagogiques précis, mettant en évidence les interrelations entre les phénomènes géographiques. Dans L’interAtlas, la traduction visuelle des devis de conception-rédaction (agencement des données de contenu) a été facilitée par l’utilisation de normes graphiques systématiques assurant la fonctionnalité de l’organisation thématique et visuelle de chaque planche: adoption de la double page comme unité de présentation, utilisation d’une grille modulaire pour la disposition des images et des cartes, adoption d’un parcours de lecture numéroté, titres-choc, etc.

Àl’aide d’exemples choisis, on mettra en évidence les différentes formes de traitement graphique de l’information utilisées dans cet atlas et comment elles ont servi à traduire sous forme visuelle la structuration des contenus géographiques en vue d’une communication pédagogique efficace.

La carte n’est plus nécessairement la forme de représentation spatiale unique ou prédominante dans un atlas. D’autres types d’images ont été utilisées, selon leur aptitude à visualiser le plus efficacement les données et concepts à représenter: photographies, graphiques, schémas, dessins, diagrammes, matrices graphiques, etc. L’utilisation extensive des matrices graphiques à différents niveaux de traitement de l’information sera particulièrement mise en évidence. On montrera comment, dans la recherche d’une fonctionnalité optimale, les auteurs de L’interAtlas ont exploité au maximum la combinaison du design pédagogique et du langage graphique. Par ces caractéristiques, L’interAtlas pourrait être le premier d’une nouvelle génération d’atlas pédagogiques.
EXPERIMENTS TO LOCATE RIDGES AND CHANNELS TO CREATE A NEW TYPE OF DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL
Authors: Douglas David H.
Published: July 2019

There have been numerous proposals to combine the advantages of the adaptability of the contour digital elevation model with the neighbourhood functions of the grid. Notable among these is the triangular irregular network model (TIN). This paper presents another approach to digital elevation modelling based on traces of channels and ridges, and other information — rich lines that may be identified on a surface.
Multi-time formulation of particle creation and annihilation via interior-boundary conditions
Authors: Lienert Matthias , Nickel Lukas
Published: July 2019

Interior-boundary conditions (IBCs) have been suggested as a possibility to circumvent the problem of ultraviolet divergences in quantum field theories. In the IBC approach, particle creation and annihilation is described with the help of linear conditions that relate the wave functions of two sectors of Fock space: [Formula: see text] at an interior point [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at a boundary point [Formula: see text], typically a collision configuration. Here, we extend IBCs to the relativistic case. To do this, we make use of Dirac’s concept of multi-time wave functions, i.e. wave functions [Formula: see text] depending on [Formula: see text] space-time coordinates [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] particles. This provides the manifestly covariant particle-position representation that is required in the IBC approach. In order to obtain rigorous results, we construct a model for Dirac particles in 1+1 dimensions that can create or annihilate each other when they meet. Our main results are an existence and uniqueness theorem for that model, and the identification of a class of IBCs ensuring local probability conservation on all Cauchy surfaces. Furthermore, we explain how these IBCs relate to the usual formulation with creation and annihilation operators. The Lorentz invariance is discussed and it is found that, apart from a constant matrix (which is required to transform in a certain way), the model is manifestly Lorentz invariant. This makes it clear that the IBC approach can be made compatible with relativity.
Bound state energy and wave function of tetraquark b̄b̄ud from lattice QCD potential
Authors: Sharahi F. Chezani , Monemzadeh M. , Arani A. Abdoli
Published: July 2019

In this study, the bound state energy of a four-quark system was analytically calculated as a two heavy–heavy anti-quarks [Formula: see text] and two light–light quarks [Formula: see text]. Tetraquark was assumed to be a bound state of two-body system consisting of two mesons, each containing a light quark and a heavy antiquark. Due to the presence of heavy mesons in the tetraquark, Born–Oppenheimer approximation was used to study its bound states. To assess the bounding energy, Schrödinger equation was solved using lattice QCD [Formula: see text] potential, having expanded the tetraquark potential [Formula: see text] up to 11th term. Binding energy state and wave function, however, were obtained in the scalar [Formula: see text] channel. Graphical results for wave functions obtained versus antiquark–antiquark distance [Formula: see text] confirmed the existence of the tetraquark [Formula: see text]. Analytical bound state energy obtained here was in good agreement with several numerical ones published in the literature, confirming the accuracy of the approach taken here.
Chaotic Time Series Prediction Using a Novel Echo State Network Model with Input Reconstruction, Bayesian Ridge Regression and Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Minh , Kalra Gaurav , Jun Taejoon , Kim Daeyoung
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a novel Echo State Network (ESN) model for chaotic time series prediction, which consists of three steps including input reconstruction, dimensionality reduction and regression. First, phase-space reconstruction is used to reconstruct the original ‘attractor’ of the input time series. Then, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is used to identify independent components, reduce dimensionality and overcome multicollinearity problem of the reconstructed input matrix. Finally, Bayesian Ridge Regression provides accurate predictions thanks to its regularization effect to avoid over-fitting and its robustness to noise owing to its probabilistic strategy. Our experimental results show that our model significantly outperforms other ESN models in predicting both artificial and real-world chaotic time series.
The special Aronszajn tree property
Authors: Golshani Mohammad , Hayut Yair
Published: July 2019

Assuming the existence of a proper class of supercompact cardinals, we force a generic extension in which, for every regular cardinal [Formula: see text], there are [Formula: see text]-Aronszajn trees, and all such trees are special.
Short range interaction in πJ/ψ − DD̄∗ channel
Authors: Yamaguchi Yasuhiro
Published: July 2019

Exotic hadrons reported in the heavy flavor sector have attracted much interest in hadron and nuclear physics. Especially near the thresholds, the hadron-hadron interaction is important to understand these exotic structures. In this talk, the short range [Formula: see text] potential whose importance is indicated by the Lattice QCD is studied by the [Formula: see text] meson exchange model, and the Born-order quark exchange model. We find the large difference between the results of the [Formula: see text] meson exchange and the quark exchange calculations.
Modificated activation method for measurement of the yield of the astrophysical reactions
Authors: Artemov S. V. , Igamov S. B. , Karakhodzhaev A. A. , Tojiboyev O. R. , Ergashev F. Kh. , Burtebayev N. , Kholbaev I. , Rumi R. F. , Eshkobilov Sh. Kh. , Khalikov R. I.
Published: July 2019

The original version of the activation method is presented and yield of the astrophysical relevant reaction [Formula: see text] has been measured at the energy region 190–650[Formula: see text]keV using this method. The rate of this reaction was calculated within the temperature region [Formula: see text] through the yield values. The possibility of improving the method for measuring very small yields or cross sections was demonstrated.
3He(α,γ)7Be and 3H(α,γ)7Li reaction rates and implication for Big Bang nucleosynthesis in the potential model
Authors: Turakulov S. A. , Tursunov E. M.
Published: July 2019

The reaction rates of the direct astrophysical capture processes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], as well as the abundance of the [Formula: see text] element are estimated in the framework of a two-body potential model. The estimated [Formula: see text] abundance ratio of [Formula: see text] is in a very good agreement with the recent measurement [Formula: see text] of the LUNA collaboration.
Influence of orthogonalization procedure on astrophysical S-factor for the direct α + d →6Li + γ capture process in a three-body model
Authors: Tursunov E. M. , Kadyrov A. S.
Published: July 2019

The astrophysical S-factor for the direct [Formula: see text] capture reaction is calculated in a three-body model based on the hyperspherical Lagrange-mesh method. A sensitivity of the E1 and E2 astrophysical S-factors to the orthogonalization method of Pauli forbidden states in the three-body system is studied. It is found that the method of orthogonalising pseudopotentials (OPP) yields larger isotriplet ([Formula: see text]) components than the supersymmetric transformation (SUSY) procedure. The E1 astrophysical S-factor shows the same energy dependence in both cases, but strongly different absolute values. At the same time, the E2 S-factor does not depend on the orthogonalization procedure. As a result, the OPP method yields a very good description of the direct data of the LUNA collaboration at low energies, while the SUSY transformation strongly underestimates the LUNA data.
Asymptotic theory of charged particle transfer reactions at low energies and nuclear astrophysics
Authors: Yarmukhamedov R. , Tursunmakhatov K. I. , Burtebayev N.
Published: July 2019

An asymptotic theory is proposed for the peripheral transfer [Formula: see text] reaction at low energies within the three-body ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) model by combining the dispersion theory and DWBA, where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a transferred particle. The contribution of the three-body ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) Coulomb dynamics of the transfer mechanism both to the peripheral partial amplitudes for the partial wave [Formula: see text] and to the DWBA amplitude is investigated. The results of the analysis of the differential cross sections of the specific proton transfer reactions at above-barrier energies are presented. New estimates and their uncertainties are obtained for values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as for the direct astrophysical [Formula: see text] factors at stellar energy of the radiative capture [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions.
Determination of the asymptotic normalization coefficient (nuclear vertex constant) for α + d →6Li from the new direct measured d(α,γ)6Li data and its implication for extrapolating the d(α,γ)6Li astrophysical S factor at Big Bang energies
Authors: Tursunmakhatov K. I. , Yarmukhamedov R.
Published: July 2019

The results of the analysis of the new experimental astrophysical S factors [Formula: see text] [D. Trezzi et al., Astropart. Phys. 89, 57 (2017)] and those measured earlier [R. G. Robertson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1867 (1981)] for the nuclear-astrophysical [Formula: see text] reaction directly measured at extremely low energies [Formula: see text], which is derived within the modified two-body potential method, are presented. New estimates and their uncertainties have been obtained for values of the asymptotic normalization coefficient for [Formula: see text] and for the direct astrophysical [Formula: see text] factors at Big Bang energies.
Toward On-chip Network Security Using Runtime Isolation Mapping
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad Sadegh , Sarmadi Siavash Bayat , Hessabi Shaahin
Published: July 2019

Many-cores execute a large number of diverse applications concurrently. Inter-application interference can lead to a security threat as timing channel attack in the on-chip network. A non-interference communication in the shared on-chip network is a dominant necessity for secure many-core platforms to leverage the concepts of the cloud and embedded system-on-chip. The current non-interference techniques are limited to static scheduling and need router modification at micro-architecture level. Mapping of applications can effectively determine the interference among applications in on-chip network. In this work, we explore non-interference approaches through run-time mapping at software and application level. We map the same group of applications in isolated domain(s) to meet non-interference flows. Through run-time mapping, we can maximize utilization of the system without leaking information. The proposed run-time mapping policy requires no router modification in contrast to the best known competing schemes, and the performance degradation is, on average, 16% compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
Behaviour of Eccentric Concrete Columns Reinforced with Carbon Fibre‐Reinforced Polymer Bars
Authors: Othman Zrar Sedeeq , Mohammad Ahmed Heidayet
Published: July 2019

The use of steel bars as reinforcement is not preferred in some concrete structures because steel causes corrosion or electric magnetic field problems. One of the best alternatives to steel bars is carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. The experimental program consisted of 18 reinforced rectangular concrete columns under different eccentric loadings. Out of the 18 columns, 15 were reinforced with CFRP longitudinal rebars and ties and 3 were reinforced with conventional steel rebars and ties as reference columns. The following parameters were included in this study: the replacement of steel with CFRP bars, eccentricity of load, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and tie spacing. Test results in terms of load‐strain, load‐mid height deflection curves, and crack patterns showed that the column reinforced with CFRP bars behaved similarly to the concrete column reinforced with conventional steel bars with a slight difference in axial and flexural capacity. The increment in CFRP longitudinal reinforcement ratios from 1.4% to 2.0% and 3.6% reasonably increased the maximum carrying capacity for different eccentricities used herein. The axial ratios of experimental to theoretical results (PExp./PTheor.) were determined for specimens in the present work and those from previous studies to assess the efficiency of the theoretical models.
Acute Deterioration of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Authors: Tanaka Seiya , Kawahara Fuko , Miyamoto Taro , Tsurusaki Satoshi , Sanuki Yoshihito , Ozumi Kiyoshi , Harada Takashi , Tasaki Hiromi
Published: July 2019

A 56-year-old woman was diagnosed as having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with heavy smoking. Mild pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure: 31 mmHg) was detected at the first visit. She was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary disease and medicated only with bronchodilators. Simultaneous, multiple freckling in the trunk of her body and café au lait macules in her back with some cutaneous neurofibromas were also detected. A plastic surgeon removed one of the neurofibromas and pathologically diagnosed it as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). We finally rediagnosed her with pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial factors when she deteriorated 1 year after being treated only with bronchodilators. We then administrated upfront combination therapy with macitentan and tadalafil. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure rapidly improved. Learning Objective. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can occur due to lung disease or due to certain involvement of pulmonary arteries, or a combination of both. Increased awareness of PAH in NF1 is very important for patients survival. The current therapeutic strategy is almost identical to that of idiopathic PAH; however, there is no clinical evidence. Insights gained from clinical experiences should help identify promising novel therapeutic approaches in NF1-PAH.
Effects of Strain Rate and Initial Density on the Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Dry Calcareous Sand
Authors: Zhao Zhangyong , Qiu Yanyu , Wang Mingyang
Published: July 2019

The dynamic compressive behaviour of dry calcareous sand under rigid confinement was characterised using a split‐Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Sand samples were confined inside a sleeve of hardened stainless steel and capped by a pair of aluminium cylindrical rods. This assembly was subjected to repeated dynamic compaction to attain precise bulk mass densities. It was then sandwiched between the incident and transmission bars of SHPB for dynamic compression testing. Sand specimens of three initial mass densities, namely, 1.26 g/cm3, 1.35 g/cm3, and 1.42 g/cm3, were loaded by incident pulses applying a stress of 35 MPa, 71 MPa, and 143 MPa, respectively. Experimental results show that in the strain rate range of 335 s−1 to 1253 s−1, the dynamic mechanical behaviours of dry calcareous sands exhibited no significant strain rate effect. The Lundborg model and the Murnaghan model could be used to describe the deviatoric and volumetric behaviours of calcareous sand with different initial densities, respectively.
An Interval‐Based Evolutionary Approach to Portfolio Optimization of New Product Development Projects
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo , Gomez-Santillan Claudia , Rangel-Valdez Nelson , Cruz-Reyes Laura , Balderas Fausto
Published: July 2019

The growth of large enterprises in the manufacturing market commonly depends on good New Product Development (NPD) projects; these projects represent a strategy to overcome competitors inside a competitive environment. The management of such projects is usually complex and involves risk due to the changing and conflicting environment. The approaches that tackle the problem lack an explicit consideration of the DM’s attitude facing uncertainty and imprecision related to the risk and particularly in the presence of time‐interdependencies. This paper proposes a model of the time‐related effects, under imperfect knowledge, and their influence in choosing optimal NPD portfolios. The proposed approach is an interval‐based method to solve NPD portfolio optimization problems under different forms of imperfect knowledge. This approach has the advantage of a unified and simple way to model the different sources of imprecision, vagueness, uncertainty, and arbitrariness. The attitude of the DM facing the imperfect knowledge is adjusted by using some meaningful parameters. The research focuses particularly in creating a method useful for risk‐averse DMs. The proposal was tested through an experimental design that compared the results achieved by the new method against the expected value in portfolios. The results revealed that high levels of conservatism might prevent wasting resources in failed projects.
Microscopic Characteristics of Fractured Sandstone after Cyclic Freezing‐Thawing and Triaxial Unloading Tests
Authors: Ni Xiaohui , Shen Xiaomei , Zhu Zhende
Published: July 2019

The understanding of tunneling rock failure characteristics under unloading conditions in the cold region is critical for the proper design of rock tunneling support and mining safety operation. Given this understanding is currently limited, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of fractured sandstone samples in the microscale after cyclic freezing‐thawing and triaxial unloading tests. The samples were first subjected to different cycles of freezing and thawing, followed by the triaxial unloading test and scanning electron microscopy imaging. The peak strength and damage dilatancy stress were measured from the stress‐strain curves. The microcrack characteristics (number, length, and width) were obtained through the image analysis. The results show that the decrease in peak strength and damage dilatancy stress was more significant by the first 20 freezing‐thawing cycles when the pore pressure gradient is maximum compared to the later freezing‐thawing cycles. The mechanical properties also significantly deteriorated when the severe freezing‐thawing treatments were performed. The fracture section mainly had the morphology of honeycomb‐like microstructure, stripped microstructure, and flocculent microstructure. The cracking extent was mainly influenced by the freezing‐thawing rather than the triaxial unloading test, but the azimuthal angle of microcracks was significantly altered by the triaxial unloading. To properly design rock tunneling support and safe operation of mining in the cold region, both impact of cyclic freezing‐thawing and the excavation operation direction should be considered.
Hidden Coexisting Attractors in a Fractional‐Order System without Equilibrium: Analysis, Circuit Implementation, and Finite‐Time Synchronization
Authors: Zheng Guangchao , Liu Ling , Liu Chongxin
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a novel three‐dimensional fractional‐order chaotic system without equilibrium, which can present symmetric hidden coexisting chaotic attractors, is proposed. Dynamical characteristics of the fractional‐order system are analyzed fully through numerical simulations, mainly including finite‐time local Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, and the basins of attraction. In particular, the system can generate diverse coexisting attractors varying with different orders, which presents ample and complex dynamic characteristics. And there is great potential for secure communication. Then electronic circuit of the fractional‐order system is designed to help verify its effectiveness. What is more, taking the disturbances into account, a finite‐time synchronization of the fractional‐order chaotic system without equilibrium is achieved and the improved controller is proven strictly by applying finite‐time stable theorem. Eventually, simulation results verify the validity and rapidness of the proposed method. Therefore, the fractional‐order chaotic system with hidden attractors can present better performance for practical applications, such as secure communication and image encryption, which deserve further investigation.
Investigation of Blade Number Effect on Hydraulic Performance of In-Pipe Hydro Savonius Turbine
Authors: Payambarpour S. Abdolkarim , Najafi Amir F. , Magagnato Franco
Published: July 2019

Level of utilization of clean energy has grown dramatically in recent years due to increased pollution and environmental issues. For instance, the extra potential energy in water supply system is usually wasted, due to its low capacity. Design of a proper turbine has recently been given more attention by researchers to apply this clean energy. In the present paper, a modified Savonius turbine, suitable for use in a 4-inch pipe, is designed. Turbine with two blades is tested in a laboratory rig and also simulated with the FLUENT software. By matching numerical and laboratory results, simulations are expanded and the blades number effect on turbine performance is studied under determined hydraulic conditions. The flow field around the modified Savonius turbine is interpreted by the 3D streamlines and pressure contours. The obtained results indicate that increasing the turbine blade numbers up to 5 and more causes the turbine efficiency first to rise and then to fall, respectively.
A Robust Optimal Finite Difference Scheme for the Three‐Dimensional Helmholtz Equation
Authors: Cheng Dongsheng , Chen Baowen , Chen Xiangling
Published: July 2019

We propose a robust optimal 27‐point finite difference scheme for the Helmholtz equation in three‐dimensional domain. In each direction, a special central difference scheme with 27 grid points is developed to approximate the second derivative operator. The 27 grid points are divided into four groups, and each group is involved in the difference scheme by the manner of weighted combination. As for the approximation of the zeroth‐order term, we use the weighted average of all the 27 points, which are also divided into four groups. Finally, we obtain the optimal weights by minimizing the numerical dispersion with the least‐square method. In comparison with the rotated difference scheme based on a staggered‐grid method, the new scheme is simpler, more practical, and much more robust. It works efficiently even if the step sizes along different directions are not equal. However, rotated scheme fails in this situation. We also present the convergence analysis and dispersion analysis. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Is Loop Ileostomy in Patients with Cecal Bascule a Viable Option?
Authors: Shetty Tushar , Ivanics Tommy , Nasser Hassan , Stefanou Amalia
Published: July 2019

Background. Cecal bascule, initially described in 1899 by Treves, is the rarest form of cecal volvulus and represents a phenomenon when a redundant and distended cecum folds anteriorly over the ascending colon causing an intestinal obstruction. Patients with cerebral palsy are at increased risk for this condition. Case Presentation. We present a 28-year-old male with cerebral palsy, functionally dependent in all activities of daily living, who had undergone a loop ileostomy for cecal bascule. He then presented to our emergency department with a large loop ileostomy prolapse, which was the result of an inverted prolapsed cecum through the efferent ileostomy limb. He underwent a right hemicolectomy with end ileostomy and transverse mucous fistula creation through the previous ostomy site. He progressed well appropriately postoperatively and was discharged home. Conclusions. While cecal bascule is a rare form of bowel obstruction, patients with cerebral palsy are at an increased risk for this condition. The treatment options are numerous and are primarily surgical. Diverting loop ileostomy alone is not a recommended treatment. A high index of suspicion is warranted in all cases of large bowel obstruction to minimize risk of recurrence, morbidity, and mortality for patients afflicted by this condition.
Oleuropein-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Glyoxalase 2 in NSCLC A549 Cells: A Mechanistic Inside and a Possible Novel Nonenzymatic Role for an Ancient Enzyme
Authors: Antognelli Cinzia , Frosini Roberta , Santolla Maria F. , Peirce Matthew J. , Talesa Vincenzo N.
Published: July 2019

Oleuropein (OP) is a bioactive compound derived from plants of the genus Oleaceae exhibiting antitumor properties in several human cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent evidence suggests that OP has proapoptotic effects on NSCLC cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind the apoptogenic action of OP in NSCLC are still largely unknown. Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2) is an ancient enzyme belonging to the glyoxalase system involved in the detoxification of glycolysis-derived methylglyoxal. However, emerging evidence suggests that Glo2 may have also nonenzymatic roles in some malignant cells. In the present study, we evaluated whether and how Glo2 participated in the proapoptotic effects of OP in NSCLC A549 cells. Our results indicate that OP is able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells through the upregulation of mitochondrial Glo2 (mGlo2), mediated by the superoxide anion and Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, our data shows that the proapoptotic role of mGlo2, observed following OP exposure, occurs via the interaction of mGlo2 with the proapoptotic Bax protein. Conversely, OP does not alter the behavior of nonmalignant human BEAS-2B cells or mGlo2 expression, thus suggesting a specific anticancer role for this bioactive compound in NSCLC. Our data identify a novel pathway through which OP exerts a proapoptotic effect in NSCLC and suggest, for the first time, a novel, nonenzymatic antiapoptotic role for this ancient enzyme in NSCLC.
Model and Resilience Analysis for Handling Chain Systems in Container Ports
Authors: Xu Bowei , Li Junjun , Yang Yongsheng , Wu Huafeng , Postolache Octavian
Published: July 2019

Container ports are critical components of global port and shipping supply chain (PSSC) systems. Their handling operation resiliencies can affect their performance, along with those of the overall port and shipping supply chain. According to the characteristics of the container handling operations, this study establishes a modeling paradigm for quantifying the resilience of handling chain system (HCS) in container ports. Considering the nonnegative arrive rate and the container handling completion rate, with the upper limit in real container port environments, nonlinear links have been added into the model of the HCS. The resilience of the HCS was analyzed according to the different pole distributions of unsatisfied freight requirement transfer function. Simulation results show that the upper limit of the container handling completion rate has a significant impact on the resilience of the HCS. The contributions herein demonstrate a starting point in the development of a quantitative resilience decision making framework and mitigating the negative impacts for port authorities and other players in the PSSC.
Selective Targeting of Myoblast Fusogenic Signaling and Differentiation-Arrest Antagonizes Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Authors: Granados Valerie A. , Avirneni-Vadlamudi Usha , Dalal Pooja , Scarborough Samuel R. , Galindo Kathleen A. , Mahajan Priya , Galindo Rene L.
Published: July 2019

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue malignancy comprised histologically of skeletal muscle lineage precursors that fail to exit the cell cycle and fuse into differentiated syncytial muscle—for which the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. In contrast to myogenic transcription factor signaling, the molecular machinery that orchestrates the discrete process of myoblast fusion in mammals is poorly understood and unexplored in RMS. The fusogenic machinery in Drosophila, however, is understood in much greater detail, where myoblasts are divided into two distinct pools, founder cells (FC) and fusion competent myoblasts (fcm). Fusion is heterotypic and only occurs between FCs and fcms. Here, we interrogated a comprehensive RNA-sequencing database and found that human RMS diffusely demonstrates an FC lineage gene signature, revealing that RMS is a disease of FC lineage rhabdomyoblasts. We next exploited our Drosophila RMS-related model to isolate druggable FC-specific fusogenic elements underlying RMS, which uncovered the EGFR pathway. Using RMS cells, we showed that EGFR inhibitors successfully antagonized RMS RD cells, whereas other cell lines were resistant. EGFR inhibitor–sensitive cells exhibited decreased activation of the EGFR intracellular effector Akt, whereas Akt activity remained unchanged in inhibitor-resistant cells. We then demonstrated that Akt inhibition antagonizes RMS—including RMS resistant to EGFR inhibition—and that sustained activity of the Akt1 isoform preferentially blocks rhabdomyoblast differentiation potential in cell culture and in vivo. These findings point towards selective targeting of fusion- and differentiation-arrest via Akt as a broad RMS therapeutic vulnerability.

Significance:

EGFR and its downstream signaling mediator AKT1 play a role in the fusion and differentiation processes of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, representing a therapeutic vulnerability of rhabdomyosarcoma.
DIS3L2 Promotes Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via hnRNP U-Mediated Alternative Splicing
Authors: Xing Songge , Li Zhaoyong , Ma Wenhao , He Xiaoping , Shen Shengqi , Wei Haoran , Li Shi-Ting , Shu Ying , Sun Linchong , Zhong Xiuying , Huangfu Yuhao , Su Lanhong , Feng Junru , Zhang Xiaozhang , Gao Ping , Jia Wei-Dong , Zhang Huafeng
Published: July 2019

DIS3-like 3′-5′ exoribonuclease 2 (DIS3L2) degrades aberrant RNAs, however, its function in tumorigenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, aberrant DIS3L2 expression promoted human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression via heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) U-mediated alternative splicing. DIS3L2 directly interacted with hnRNP U through its cold-shock domains and promoted inclusion of exon 3b during splicing of pre-Rac1 independent of its exonuclease activity, yielding an oncogenic splicing variant, Rac1b, which is known to stimulate cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. DIS3L2 regulated alternative splicing by recruiting hnRNP U to pre-Rac1. Rac1b was critical for DIS3L2 promotion of liver cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, DIS3L2 and Rac1b expression highly correlated with HCC progression and patient survival. Taken together, our findings uncover an oncogenic role of DIS3L2, in which it promotes liver cancer progression through a previously unappreciated mechanism of regulating hnRNP U-mediated alterative splicing.

Significance:

These findings establish the role and mechanism of the 3′-5′ exoribonuclease DIS3L2 in hepatocellular carcinoma carcinogenesis.
Identification of Key Genes and Candidated Pathways in Human Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Huo Yongbao , Chen Sixiu , Xu Dechao , Yang Bo , Xue Cheng , Fu Lili , Bu Lei , Song Shuwei , Mei Changlin
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic form of kidney disease. High-throughput microarray analysis has been applied for elucidating key genes and pathways associated with ADPKD. Most genetic profiling data from ADPKD patients have been uploaded to public databases but not thoroughly analyzed. This study integrated 2 human microarray profile datasets to elucidate the potential pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in ADPKD via bioinformatics analysis in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. Methods: The kidney tissue microarray data of ADPKD patients and normal individuals were searched and obtained from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and enriched pathways and central node genes were elucidated using related websites and software according to bioinformatics analysis protocols. Seven DEGs were validated between polycystic kidney disease and control kidney samples by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two original human microarray datasets, GSE7869 and GSE35831, were integrated and thoroughly analyzed. In total, 6,422 and 1,152 DEGs were extracted from GSE7869 and GSE35831, respectively, and of these, 561 DEGs were consistent between the databases (291 upregulated genes and 270 downregulated genes). From 421 nodes, 34 central node genes were obtained from a PPI network complex of DEGs. Two significant modules were selected from the PPI network complex by using Cytotype MCODE. Most of the identified genes are involved in protein binding, extracellular region or space, platelet degranulation, mitochondrion, and metabolic pathways. Conclusions: The DEGs and related enriched pathways in ADPKD identified through this integrated bioinformatics analysis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of ADPKD and potential therapeutic strategies. Specifically, abnormal decorin expression in different stages of ADPKD may represent a new therapeutic target in ADPKD, and regulation of metabolism and mitochondrial function in ADPKD may become a focus of future research.
When Older Adults Outperform Young Adults: Effects of Prior-Task Success in Arithmetic
Authors: Lemaire Patrick , Gouraud Jonas , Nicolas Poshita
Published: July 2019

Background: Older adults improve their cognitive performance on a target task after succeeding in a prior task. We tested whether effects of prior-task success occur via changing older adults’ ability to select the better strategy and/or to execute strategies efficiently. Methods: Young and older participants (n = 162) accomplished a computational estimation task (i.e., providing the best estimates to arithmetic problems) after accomplishing a dot comparison task. Results: Both groups increased their performance on computational estimation following success on dot comparison. Older adults improved most and outperformed young adults following prior-task success. Prior-task success led older adults to select the better strategy more often and to repeat (or not) the same strategy more often when it was appropriate. Better strategy use mediated effects of prior-task success. Individual differences in baseline performance moderated individuals’ sensitivity to effects of prior-task success. Conclusion: Our findings further our understanding of mechanisms underlying effects of prior-task success and provide new perspectives on how social environment modulates age-related differences in cognitive performance.
Programmed Cell Death 1 and Programmed Cell Death Ligands in Extranodal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma: Expression Pattern and Potential Prognostic Relevance
Authors: Muhamad Hamidah , Suksawai Narittee , Assanasen Thamatorn , Polprasert Chantana , Bunworasate Udomsak , Wudhikarn Kitsada
Published: July 2019

The programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligands (PD-1/PD-Ls) axis is a potential immune escape mechanism of cancers. However, data on the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in EBV-associated extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) and its clinical implication are limited. Herein, we characterized PD-1/PD-L expression and its prognosis relevance in 49 ENKTL patients in Thailand. PD-L1 was expressed frequently on both lymphoma cells (61.2%) and stroma (77.5%), whereas PD-L2 expression was more common on lymphoma (63.2%) than stromal cells. PD-1 was positive in 20.5% of stroma, but undetectable on lymphoma cells. There was no association between baseline clinical characteristics and the expression PD-1/PD-Ls. The survival of patients with PD-Ls on tumor cells was poor. For PD-L1-positive versus negative cases, the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) was 42.2 versus 71.8% (p = 0.03) and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 45.4 versus 78.9% (p = 0.02), respectively. Comparing between patients with PD-L2-positive and PD-L2-negative lymphoma, the 2-year EFS was 37.1 versus 82.4% (p = 0.02) and 2-year OS was 45.2 versus 82.4% (p = 0.03), respectively. Neither PD-1 nor PD-Ls expression in the stroma predicted outcomes. In conclusion, PD-Ls were frequently expressed on ENKTL cells and associated with inferior outcomes. Therefore, PD-Ls are potential prognostic biomarkers and the roles of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in ENKTL deserve further investigation.
Diagnostic Value of Flow Cytometry Standardized Using the European LeukemiaNet for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Takeuchi Akihiro , Imataki Osamu , Kubo Hiroyuki , Kondo Akihiro , Seo Kayoko , Uemura Makiko , Yamaoka Genji , Murao Koji , Takeuchi Akihiro
Published: July 2019

Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS) are heterogeneous hematological disorders characterized by hematopoietic dysplasia and/or chromosomal aberrancy. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of flow cytometry standardized using the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) for MDS and ICUS by analyzing samples obtained from patients with cytopenia based on morphological examination, cytogenetic analysis, and flow cytometry. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed bone marrow samples aspirated from 253 consecutive patients (median age: 66 years [range: 1–92]) to identify the cause of cytopenia. Results: Sixty patients presented with MDS, and 16 with ICUS. MDS subtypes were distributed as follows: MDS with single-lineage dysplasia (n = 10); MDS with multi-lineage dysplasia (n = 10); MDS with ringed sideroblasts (n = 4); MDS with excess blasts-1 (n = 9); MDS with excess blasts-2 (n = 13), MDS unclassified (n = 5); 5q-syndrome (n = 6); and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (n = 3). Four representative ELN indexes were used. Two or more ELN MDS indexes were in the abnormal range in 35 MDS cases (58.3%) and 4 ICUS cases (25.0%). Conclusions: Morphological examination remains the standard for MDS diagnosis. Considering the low incidence of genetically proven ICUS (20.2–27.5%), the low sensitivity of ELN MDS indexes for ICUS is considered a valuable alternative.