bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign trade and domestic networks — A few remarks on the organisation of tributary embassies to China in the Muromachi period
Authors: Oláh Csaba
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to rethink the connection between foreign trade and domestic economy in late medieval Japan.The article takes a look at the financial side of the tributary missions to Ming China, investigating how commodities for tribute and for trade were organised. In the 1970s, Sasaki Gin’ya was the first to criticise that research on foreign trade and research on the domestic economy were being conducted separately. He emphasised the importance of complex interdisciplinary research in order to reveal the connection between foreign trade and the domestic economy. Even though this issue had been previously raised, no research had been conducted with the explicit purpose of connecting foreign trade and the domestic economy during the Muromachi period until the past two decades. Contributions that have been made in recent years have aimed at revealing the connections between domestic commercial or religious networks with foreign relations, mainly focusing on the role of Zen monks in diplomacy and trade and on the import and distribution of commodities from China. In Western scholarship, this topic is still under-researched and provides potential for further investigations.   
Thus, the paper tries to provide an inventory of case studies that help us imagine and understand what kinds of connections existed between domestic networks and foreign trade in medieval Japan that made the procuring of tribute items and commercial products for official trade in China possible. Being aware of networks in medieval society, such as the religious network—and also closely connected to that the commercial network—of Honganji or Tenryūji, can help us connect the scattered and loose information in the sources, in order to explain what contributed to the development of foreign trade. The paper argues that despite the weakening of shogunal power, tributary trade continued because the structure of ship management transformed. Tribute ships became part of commercial ventures backed by the flourishing late medieval Japanese economy, and the increase of capital led to an increase in investors who were ready to participate in trade with China. The way that products were procured shows different patterns that provide good examples to help us understand how local commercial, social, and religious networks were utilised for procuring Japanese commodities.
Preliminary Notes on the Mahāmudrātilaka: Contents, History, Transmission
Authors: Szántó Péter-Dániel
Published: July 2024

This short essay is an introduction to the study of the Mahāmudrātilaka (‘An Ornament of the Great Seal’), an important Buddhist tantric scripture of the Hevajra cycle. The text is a so-called uttaratantra (ancillary scripture) of the Hevajratantra. This cult emerged around ca. 900 CE in Eastern India and quickly rose to a position of prominence. In order to illustrate this point, first I discuss some historical references to the Hevajra cult: a lexicographical work, inscriptions, and testimony in Śaiva exegesis. I then contextualise the Mahāmudrātilaka among the Hevajra ancillary scriptures and share some notes on the purpose of such texts. I argue that such scriptures were meant to update a cult’s ritual and doctrinal palette in order to keep up with developments seen (and thought desirable to have) in rival schools. In the next section, I present the only known Sanskrit manuscript of the Mahāmudrātilaka, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz Orientabteilung Hs. or. 8711, a late Nepalese copy dated 1827 CE, which can be shown to be a copy of a Vorlage dating to 1204 CE. Next, I compare the text transmitted therein to the Tibetan translation, Tōh. 420, and identify them as two recensions. I then proceed to discussing exegesis on the Mahāmudrātilaka, the works of *Gambhīravajra and *Prajñāśrīgupta; these texts are for now available only in their Tibetan translation. I also identify some testimonia of the Mahāmudrātilaka. Using all this evidence, I argue that the text cannot be much earlier than the late 11th century. Next, I present an overview of the text by means of examining selected passages and their most significant features, with special focus on the differences and similarities with the Hevajratantra, the internal references to other scriptures, and the text’s significant parallels with the Vajramālābhidhāna. I argue that the text is unapologetically antinomian and gnostic. In the second half of the paper, styled as an appendix, I select five blocks of verses, which I edit and translate: the first deals with the relationship between initiating master and disciple, the second provides some insights into the attitudes of tantric practitioners towards orthodox Buddhists, the third contains detailed instructions on how to gather the antinomian substances known as ‘nectars’, the fourth deals with communal worship in a rite known as the gaṇacakra, and the final one describes a somewhat rare and rather gruesome ritual meant to bestow the power of flight.
Psychosocial Factors Influencing Grade 7 Learners’ Performance in Mathematics Classes: A Focus on Primary Schools in the Northern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Ajimudin Fatima , Mukuna Robert Kananga
Published: July 2024

This study explored the psychosocial factors influencing Grade 7 learners’ performance in mathematics classes at primary schools in Frances Baard District in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative interpretive approach infused with a multiple-case study design. The thematic results showed that some learners were not fully engaged in the mathematics classes despite having the necessary resources, including qualified teachers. The study revealed that family and community issues affect learners’ academic performance in mathematics classes. It further found that some learners struggle to comprehend mathematical concepts taught in English, their second language. Furthermore, it highlighted why learner engagement is so weak in the intermediate-phase mathematics classroom. The reasons why learners’ mathematics marks declined in Grade 7 have also been discussed in this study. The study found that the socio-economic factors that affect learners in South African schools can be eliminated if we enlist the support of social services available to South African learners. The study recommends that teachers enhance their pedagogical approaches to fit learners’ home languages, locations, and socioeconomic circumstances. This study supports the notion that more learner-centered approaches be used in the mathematics classroom and adds to existing literature on the subject.

Keywords: Mathematics Teachers, Academic Performance, Mathematics Classes, Primary Schools
Enhancing Maritime Cargo Documentation with Blockchain Technology
Authors: Mudakir  , Retno Sawitri Wulandari  , Larsen Barasa  , Dwiyani Nurindah , Titis Ari Wibowo
Published: July 2024

This research explores the potential of blockchain technology to streamline multimodal cargo documentation in the maritime industry. Through qualitative analysis of 100 cadets at the Maritime Institute, key indicators including efficiency, security, interoperability, and readiness for adoption were identified and weighted. Findings show that security and efficiency are paramount, with participants highlighting the need for secure and streamlined documentation processes. Interoperability and readiness for adoption emerged as challenges, indicating the importance of industry-wide standards and training programs. The study underscores the critical role of standardisation in supporting the adoption of blockchain solutions and improving international transportation processes. By addressing these challenges, stakeholders can enhance the security, efficiency, and interoperability of cargo documentation processes, ultimately benefiting the maritime industry.
Analisis Sentimen Twitter Terpilihnya Prabowo - Gibran Menggunakan Metode Neural Network
Authors: Diana Dwi Rahayu  , Muhammad Fatchan  , Alfonsus Ligouri
Published: July 2024

One of the most important elections in Indonesian democracy is the presidential election, which chooses the country's leader for the next five years. In the 2024 presidential election, there are three candidates for president and vice president, including the Prabowo Subianto - Gibran Rakabuming Raka pair. The election process has taken centre stage on social media, particularly Twitter, where people interact, share information, and express their opinions and feelings. This study aims to look at public opinion towards the Prabowo-Gibran team, which has attracted a lot of attention since Gibran was nominated as a vice presidential candidate until he was declared the winner in the 2024 presidential election by the KPU. This analysis provides valuable insight into understanding public opinion and feelings towards the president and vice president-elect. The method used in this research is neural network (NN), which is proven to be effective in text data classification and capable of producing high accuracy. The dataset used is public opinion on Twitter, which is taken through the data crawling process. The initial data of 1511 tweets was then cleaned and prepared into a dataset of 1500 tweets, with the main attribute being the content of the tweet. Based on the findings, the neural network model created was able to classify the sentiment of tweets related to the Prabowo-Gibran pair with an accuracy rate of 93%. Thus, this sentiment analysis makes an important contribution to understanding the public's response to the presidential election process and the election of a new president and vice president
Bringing out Abdellah Taïa: sexuality, social mobility, and the discursive contexts of reading
Authors: Limbu Bishupal
Published: July 2024

The ideas and discourse associated with homosexuality and queerness provide a useful and relevant critical framework for understanding Moroccan writer Abdellah Taïa’s works. My essay expands this existing frame of reference by discussing the portrayal of poverty and social mobility, which I argue is an equally meaningful yet neglected aspect of Taïa’s writings. I develop this argument by showing that shame is linked not only to sexuality but also to social class. For a comparative perspective, I examine texts by Didier Éribon and Édouard Louis, who, like Taïa, are queer writers from a working-class background. Despite these shared characteristics, there is a significant difference in the framing and critical reception of Taïa’s writings, on the one hand, and those of Éribon and Louis, on the other. This essay investigates the reasons for this difference by exploring the phenomenon of the
transfuge de classe
and the crucial role played by the absent dimensions of race and coloniality. Situating narratives of queerness and poverty in relation to each other suggests a dialectical mode of reading attentive to different discursive contexts.
Exploring Gamma-Ray Burst Diversity: Clustering Analysis of the Emission Characteristics of Fermi- and BATSE-detected Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Mehta Nishil , Iyyani Shabnam
Published: July 2024

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), often attributed to massive star collapse or binary compact object mergers, exhibit diverse emission characteristics hinting at multiple GRB classes based on various factors like progenitors, radiation mechanisms, and central engines. This study employs unsupervised clustering using the nested Gaussian mixture model algorithm to analyze data from Fermi and BATSE, identifying four classes (A–D) based on duration, spectral peak, and spectral index of time-integrated spectra of GRBs. Class proportions are approximately 70%, 10%, 3%, and 17%, respectively, with A and B comprising mostly long GRBs, C mainly short GRBs, and D encompassing both types. The classes are further assessed based on spectral index α, indicating distinct radiation mechanisms: α > −0.67 for photospheric emission, α ≤ −1.5 for fast-cooling synchrotron, and −1.5 < α ≤ −0.67 for slow-cooling synchrotron. Classes B and C align with photospheric emission, while A and D predominantly exhibit synchrotron radiation. Short GRBs are predominantly photospheric emission, whereas long GRBs tend to favor synchrotron emission. Overall, 63% of the total bursts exhibit α profiles indicative of synchrotron emission, with the remaining 37% associated with photospheric emission. Considering the limited data of kilonova and supernova associated with GRBs, classes are examined for progenitor origins, suggesting a hybrid nature for A and D, and collapsar and merger origins for B and C, respectively. This clustering analysis results in four GRB classes, which, upon investigation, reveal the diverse and complex nature of GRBs in terms of their radiation, duration, and progenitor.
Repair of fractured metal-ceramic restoration using CAD/CAM technologies. Case report
Authors: Tomova Zlatina , Zhekov Yanko , Vlahova Angelina
Published: July 2024

Fractures in esthetic ceramic veneering are one of the potential failure modes during prosthetic treatment. Depending on the type of chipping fracture, there are three possible outcomes: replacement, restoration repair, or polishing of the fractured area. Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies provide new methods to the maintenance and repair of fixed metal-ceramic restorations. Here, we report the case of a 68-year-old patient who came to the dentist with comcerns about his appearance due to spontaneous gingival bleeding and a fracture in the ceramic veneering of a metal-ceramic restoration. The patient reported occurrences of bruxism. The proposed treatment plan included consultation with a cardiologist, periodontal treatment, polishing of the chipped areas, repair of the fractured zone with an exposed metal core, and fabrication of a mouth guard. Once the ceramic veneering on the palatal and buccal sides of the retainers had been completely removed, a digital impression was obtained and sent to the dental lab so that milled zirconium veneer could be manufactured. The veneering was cemented the next day using the standard prosthetic field preparation process and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. In conclusion, fixed metal-ceramic restorations that have fractured can be successfully repaired using CAD/CAM methods and materials.
Assessment of body composition of adult Bulgarian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Baltadjiev Atanas , Orbetzova Maria , Petleshkova Tsvetanka , Harizanova Zdravka , Ilieva-Gerova Maria , Ahmed-Popova Ferihan
Published: July 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how type 1 diabetes mellitus affects adult Bulgarians’ body composition.

Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty patients (60 men and 60 women) aged 20 to 40 years, as well as 80 healthy men and women, were enrolled in the study. Bioelectrical impedance indicators: body fat tissue percentage (%BFT), total body water percentage (%TBW), visceral fat tissue (VFT), muscle mass (MM), and bone mass (BM) and derived indicators: total fat mass (TFM), active body mass (ABM), active body mass percentage (%ABM), ABM index (ABMI), and BMI were defined.

Results: The mean values of %BFT, VFT, TFM, and BMI were significantly higher in the female patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus while the mean values of %TBW, %ABM, and ABMI were significantly higher in healthy women. The mean values of VFM and ABMI were significantly higher in the male patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus while the mean values of MM and ABM were significantly higher in healthy men. Bioelectrical impedance analysis of the body composition in Bulgarian female patients exhibited an increase in the accumulation of adipose connective tissue both generally and viscerally. The total body water percentage in the female patients was significantly lower than in the healthy controls. The body composition of Bulgarian male patients exhibited an increase in the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue only. The skeletal muscle tissue in male patients exhibited a decrease in comparison to healthy men.

Conclusion: We believe that these findings are consequence of the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the body composition in Bulgarian patients.
„… mit rothen als gleichsam Bludtstropfen durchsprenget“: Über die historische Verwendung einer seltenen Sorte von „sächsischem Marmor“
Authors: Kempe Ulf
Published: July 2024

Die von dem sächsischen Hofjuwelier Johann Heinrich Köhler Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts geschaffene Perlfigur eines „Schwedischen Grenadiers“ (Dresden, Grünes Gewölbe, Inv.-Nr. VI 103) steht auf einer rotgefleckten Kalksteinplatte, laut historischem Inventar bestehend aus einem „sächsischen Marmor“. Für diesen ungewöhnlich gemusterten Kalkstein lässt sich eine Herkunft aus den historischen Brüchen bei Wildenfels in Westsachsen nachweisen. Der seltene Dekorstein wurde im 18. Jahrhundert in sakralen Kontexten wie am katholischen Hohen Altar im Bautzener Dom, in der Kapelle von Schloss Hubertusburg und an der ehemals in der Schlosskirche Prettin befindlichen sogenannten Schwesterngruft im Freiberger Dom verwendet. Zwei Belege von solchem „Marmor“ haben sich in den geowissenschaftlichen Sammlungen der TU Bergakademie Freiberg und den Senckenberg Naturhistorischen Sammlungen in Dresden erhalten. Der nach historischen Quellen „wie mit Blut gefleckte“ Kalkstein wurde offensichtlich gezielt in der kirchlichen Innenarchitektur eingesetzt, um eine religiöse Botschaft zu transportieren. Bei der Figur des „Schwedischen Grenadiers“ im Grünen Gewölbe wird diese durch die Verwendung zimtbrauner Hessonite und grüner Smaragde noch zusätzlich unterstrichen.
A taxonomic review of the order Mantodea in Korea based on morphology and DNA barcodes
Authors: Shim Jaeil , Song Jeong-Hun
Published: July 2024

A taxonomic study of Korean Mantodea using morphological and molecular characters (COI) is presented. Eight species [Amantis nawai (Shiraki, 1908), Acromantis japonica Westwood, 1889, Mantis religiosa sinica Bazyluk, 1960, Statilia maculata (Thunberg, 1784), Tenodera angustipennis Saussure, 1869, T. sinensis Saussure, 1871, Hierodula chinensis Werner, 1929, H. patellifera (Audinet-Serville, 1838)] belonging to six genera in three families are recognized. Interspecific genetic divergence of COI using uncorrected p-distance ranged from 6.7% to 22.4%, while intraspecific divergence ranged from 0% to 2.2% among eight Korean Mantodea species. All eight species were each strongly supported as a single lineage using COI on both neighbor-joining and parsimony trees. An illustrated key, redescriptions, habitus photographs, and illustrations of diagnostic characters of the species of Korean Mantodea are provided to facilitate identification.
Association between specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxin B and the eosinophilic phenotype of asthma
Authors: Sim Soyoon , Choi Youngwoo , Yang Eun-Mi , Park Hae-Sim
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims: Sensitization to staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) could contribute to asthma severity. However, its relevance with eosinophilic phenotype has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate associations between serum specific IgE levels to SAg and eosinophilic airway inflammation in adult asthmatics.Methods: The serum specific IgE levels to 3 SAgs, including staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and B (SEB), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were measured by ImmunoCAP in 230 adult asthmatic patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, including serum total/free IgE, and 2 eosinophil-activation markers, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), were analyzed according to blood eosinophil counts (BEC; 150 cells/μL) and serum specific IgE levels to 3 SAgs (0.35 kU/L).Results: Asthmatic patients showed higher serum specific IgE levels to 3 SAgs than HCs (p < 0.05 for all). The serum total/clinfree IgE levels were significantly higher in asthmatics with positive IgE responses to 3 SAgs than those without (p < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in clinical parameters including age, asthma severity, comorbidities, or smoking according to IgE responses to 3 SAgs. Patients with positive IgE responses to SEB (not to SEA/TSST-1) had higher serum specific IgE levels to house dust mites and ECP/EDN as well as higher BEC with positive correlations between serum SEB-specific IgE levels and BEC/ECP/EDN (p < 0.05 for all).Conclusions: These findings suggest that serum SEB-specific IgE levels could contribute to eosinophil activation as well as IgE production in adult asthma.
On the structure of irreducible Yetter-Drinfeld modules over $ D $
Authors: Zheng Yiwei
Published: July 2024

A class of algebras $ D(m, d, \xi) $ introduced by [22] were not pointed and generated by the coradical of $ D(m, d, \xi) $. Let $ D $ be the quotient of $ D(m, d, \xi) $ module the principle ideal $ (g^m-1) $. First, we describe all simple left modules of $ D $. Then, according to Radford's method, we construct the Yetter-Drinfeld module over $ D $ by the tensor product of a simple module of $ D $ and $ D $ itself. Hence, we find some simple left Yetter-Drinfeld modules over $ D $, and the relevant braidings are of a triangular type.
Divide-and-train: A new approach to improve the predictive tasks of bike-sharing systems
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Salah Ahmad , Bekhit Mahmoud , Fathalla Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Bike-sharing systems (BSSs) have become commonplace in most cities worldwide as an important part of many smart cities. These systems generate a continuous amount of large data volumes. The effectiveness of these BSS systems depends on making decisions at the proper time. Thus, there is a vital need to build predictive models on the BSS data for the sake of improving the process of decision-making. The overwhelming majority of BSS users register before utilizing the service. Thus, several BSSs have prior knowledge of the user's data, such as age, gender, and other relevant details. Several machine learning and deep learning models, for instance, are used to predict urban flows, trip duration, and other factors. The standard practice for these models is to train on the entire dataset to build a predictive model, whereas the biking patterns of various users are intuitively distinct. For instance, the user's age influences the duration of a trip. This endeavor was motivated by the existence of distinct user patterns. In this work, we proposed divide-and-train, a new method for training predictive models on station-based BSS datasets by dividing the original datasets on the values of a given dataset attribute. Then, the proposed method was validated on different machine learning and deep learning models. All employed models were trained on both the complete and split datasets. The enhancements made to the evaluation metric were then reported. Results demonstrated that the proposed method outperformed the conventional training approach. Specifically, the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) metrics have shown improvements in both trip duration and distance prediction, with an average accuracy of 85% across the divided sub-datasets for the best performing model, i.e., random forest.
Metabolic effects of chia oil in experimental models: a narrative review
Authors: Leão E.R. , Marques S.M.S. , Porto Pimenta L.C.J. , Castro I.C.
Published: July 2024

Chia seeds are a promising food for society and the scientific community because they contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as alpha-linolenic acid omega-3, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of chia oil in experimental models which have already been described in the literature. Twenty-two preclinical studies were selected, mostly with rats. The results showed that there is still no consensus on what oil dosage is ideal for generating health benefits, with the doses ranging from 0.1g/mL to 111.1g/mL and supplementation time of 1 to 33 weeks. The studies reported increased liver omega-3 contents, an improved lipid profile, increased HDL-c, and decreased total cholesterol levels. Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and improved antioxidant status. It is concluded that chia oil has shown beneficial metabolic effects in organisms in preclinical studies, acting on glycemic homeostasis, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers.
Exploration of the biochemical composition of Citrus L. seeds for industrial applications
Authors: Budianto B. , Suparmi A.
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess the biochemical profiles of Citrus L. seeds and elucidate the correlation patterns among varieties based on their biochemical compositions. Samples of Citrus L. seeds were subjected to extraction, and the resulting oils were analyzed for their biochemical levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was usedto unveil the relationship patterns among Citrus L. The research findings revealed that several citrus seeds, including C. Paradise, C. limon (L.) Burm.f., Citrus reticulate, C. maxima (Burm.) Merr., and Citrus sinensis, exhibited similarities in their compositions of flavonoid compounds, phenolic acids, and carotenoids. However, aromatic volatile compounds displayed variations among varieties without discernible patterns of similarity. The N-serotonin compound exhibited significant variations among varieties; whereas fatty acid compounds demonstrated similarities between Citrus latifolia and C. limon (L.) Burm.f. The eight samples showed no similarity in their biochemical variation patterns.
Connecting the American People: The Effects of New Modes of Communication during the American Presidential Campaign of 2020
Authors: Anglès d’Auriac Louise
Published: July 2024

This study analyzes the notion of “the American people” on the Twitter accounts of Joe Biden (@JoeBiden) and Donald Trump (@realDonaldTrump) during their campaigns for the 2020 presidential elections. This quantitative and qualitative study highlights how different communication strategies transformed the way candidates defined the American people, which entailed a shift in democratic representation and in civic actions. Following a three-step methodology, it starts by underlining the various modes of “emergence” of the people (Rosanvallon 7), thanks to a lexical and rhetorical analysis of the tweets. To that end, a focus on the grammatical form “we” suggests that the communication of the candidates took advantage of the polysemy of the term for strategic purposes. Second, the creation of in-groups and out-groups produced a strict frame which gave “the people” its shape, suggesting a form of “representation as narrative” (Rosanvallon 192) that characterizes contemporary politics. Thirdly, testing the typology of “collective” and “connective” online action, developed by Lance Bennett and Alexandra Segerberg (1), the data reveals that Biden remained the leader of a classic scheme of “collective action,” while Trump’s communication strategy presented some characteristics of a “hybrid” scheme. Contrary to what has often been said of Trump’s controlling persona, our study suggests that his influence on his supporters’ voice has been weaker than Biden’s.
Composed for Solo Guitar or String Orchestra? The Fluid Incarnations and Pedagogical Opportunities of Wallace Stevens’s The Man with the Blue Guitar
Authors: Eeckhout Bart
Published: July 2024

This article elaborates the critical, editorial, and pedagogical challenges and opportunities raised by Wallace Stevens’s The Man with the Blue Guitar (both the book and the title poem). It ranges from a consideration of the title poem’s unpublished autograph and the preliminary appearance of a selection of cantos in Twentieth Century Verse and Poetry to the book published by Knopf in 1937, its subsequent repackaging in 1952, and the different ways in which especially the title poem has been integrated in selected, collected, and artistically augmented volumes for the English-speaking market, as well as in translation. Thus, a text-genetic narrative and publication history of continuous material transformations emerges that squares well with the aesthetics propagated and enacted by Stevens’s open series of variations on a theme.
Oppenheimer, entre malédiction et gloire
Authors: Capiau Brecht
Published: July 2024

L’eau. Un des quatre éléments indispensables à la vie sur Terre. J. Robert Oppenheimer, lui, voit pourtant bien plus que ça dans les gouttes de pluie sur lesquelles s’ouvre le dernier film du réalisateur britannique américain Christopher Nolan. Dans ses yeux, elles sont deux atomes d’hydrogène reliés par un autre d’oxygène. Comment se comportent-ils les uns par rapport aux autres et quels changements subissent-ils ? Ils sont aussi bien source de fascination que de crises de panique chez l’étudiant Oppenheimer, qui n’a pas encore pleinement conscience de toutes les implications de ses théories. C’est dans cette perspective que l’Américain découvre, puis se prend de passion pour la mécanique quantique, discipline scientifique qui n’en est encore qu’à ses balbutiements aux États‑Unis.
Enquête concernant le national-socialisme, l’univers concentrationnaire et la Shoah
Authors: Lambert Anne
Published: July 2024

Enquête. Plus de 20 ans après deux enquêtes réalisées par la Fondation Auschwitz, l’ASBL Mémoire d’Auschwitz en a lancé une nouvelle au premier semestre 2023 auprès des enseignants du secondaire de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB) concernant le national-socialisme, l’univers concentrationnaire et la Shoah. Dans cet article, nous examinerons essentiellement les différents supports d’enseignement utilisés pour aborder ces sujets en classe.
Ordinary men. A forgotten chapter in the Final Solution
Authors: Crahay Frédéric
Published: July 2024

The documentary, which lasts just 58 minutes, deals with what is sometimes called the ‘Shoah by bullets’: the massacres perpetrated by German troops and their allies in Eastern Europe, in the villages and towns that the army had just conquered as it advanced. These massacres took place for the entire duration of the war. There were some two million victims: men, women and children, especially but not only Jews, shot down in cold blood by the dozens at the edge of mass graves, most of which remained anonymous.
The Zone of Interest. De ondraaglijke lichtheid van het nazibestaan
Authors: Capiau Brecht
Published: July 2024

Toen ‘Auschwitz’, een film van de Duitser Uwe Boll, in februari 2011 in première ging in Berlijn, was het alle hens aan dek bij de Berlinale. Hoewel hij zelfs niet geselecteerd was voor het filmfestival, zoog de rolprent van het ‘enfant terrible’ van de cinema alle aandacht naar zich toe. De concrete aanleiding was een scène waarin een kampbewaker knikkebolt bij een gaskamer - het toonbeeld van wansmakelijke banaliteit in het aanschijn van zoveel gruwel, volgens de verzamelde filmpers. Hoewel Jonathan Glazer in niets te vergelijken is met shockfilmer Boll, wil ook hij in zijn nieuwste film het spanningsveld tussen banaliteit en gruwel onderzoeken. In ‘The Zone of Interest’ zoomt hij daarvoor in op het mondaine leven van Rudolf Höss, de kampcommandant van Auschwitz, en zijn gezin.
Het artsenproces van Neurenberg en de denazificatie
Authors: Louis Yves
Published: July 2024

Het artsenproces van Neurenberg vond plaats van 25 oktober 1946 tot 20 augustus 1947. Het werd niet gevoerd voor een internationaal tribunaal, zoals dit het geval was voor het eerste proces van Neurenberg, waarop de kopstukken van het naziregime terechtstonden, maar voor een Amerikaanse militair tribunaal. Het artsenproces luidde het begin in van de moderne medische ethiek én was een eerste stap in de richting van denazificatie (Entnazifizierung) van de artsen in Duitsland.
La poursuite des criminels de guerre en Belgique, 1944‑1951
Authors: Weisers Marie-Anne
Published: July 2024

L’objet de cet article est de tenter de répondre à différentes questions portant sur l’ensemble du processus de poursuites mené, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, par les autorités belges, contre les anciens membres de l’appareil d’occupation allemand. Que s’est-il passé, au niveau judiciaire, entre octobre 1944, date du début des poursuites, et 1951, date des derniers procès nationaux belges ? Qui sont les principaux acteurs intervenants ? Quelles sont les actions qui furent menées, à la fois, en zones d’Allemagne occupée par les Alliés, et sur le sol belge pour retrouver les criminels de guerre allemands ? Quels furent les ambitions de départ, et les résultats obtenus à l’arrivée ? À quels problèmes furent confrontées les instances judiciaires belges, chargées d’assurer la répression des crimes de guerre en lien avec la Belgique ? L’analyse qui est présentée a pour but d’apporter des éléments de réponse à cet ensemble de questions.
Fiction et autobiographie dans le témoignage littéraire : l’exemple de Bubelè l’enfant à l’ombre, d’Adolphe Nysenholc
Authors: Acke Daniel
Published: July 2024

À quoi ressemble la vie d’un petit Juif de trois ans séparé de ses parents, dont il ignore le sort funeste, hébergé en secret par une courageuse famille flamande et terrifié à l’idée de se trahir ou d’être trahi – bref, à quoi ressemble la vie d’un enfant à l’ombre ? C’est là le thème exploré par Adolphe Nysenholc dans Bubelè.
Nazi Recycling and the Remnants of Genocide
Authors: Berg Anne
Published: July 2024

Ook tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog vormde de verwerking van afval voor het lokale en het nationale nazibestuur een uitdaging. Het regime leek zich meer te bekommeren om de vodden die de gevangenen aan hun lijf droegen dan om het welzijn van de gevangenen zélf, merkt professor Anne Berg (universiteit van Pennsylvania) in haar bijdrage op. In ‘Nazi recycling and the remnants of genocide’ buigt de Amerikaanse historica zich over de geschiedenis van nazi-Duitsland als een ‘afvalregime’, dat hard inzette op recyclage voor de oorlogsinspanningen, tot in de getto’s en de kampen toe.
De l’École nationale de la magistrature à Anticor : Retour sur quatre décennies d’anticorruption à l’intersection des mondes judiciaire, associatif et politique
Authors: Alt Éric , Amicelle Anthony , Loveluck Benjamin
Published: July 2024

En revenant par le menu sur la trajectoire professionnelle ainsi que sur les engagements associatifs et syndicaux d’Éric Alt, cet entretien avec donne à voir autrement plus de trente ans de corruption et d’anticorruption en France et en Europe, avec un double intérêt. Premièrement, il contribue à éclairer l’équilibre dynamique des tensions qui structurent la gestion des illégalismes des élites dirigeantes, et en particulier les rapports de force à l’œuvre dans et entre les mondes judiciaire, associatif et politique. Deuxièmement, l’entretien permet de rendre compte des manières contemporaines de policer les élites dirigeantes en entrant dans le fonctionnement de l’association anticorruption Anticor. Cet entretien est complété par la communication prononcée par Éric Alt à l’occasion de la journée d’étude « Société civile et lutte contre la corruption » (« Lutter contre une démocratie défaillante. Résister à la corruption »).
De quoi Noël est-il encore le nom ? Tensions et controverses autour de la dénomination des fêtes de la Nativité
Authors: Dufour Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Après les controverses qui animent depuis de longues années le Canada et les États-Unis sur l’usage contesté du nom Noël pour désigner la fête de la Nativité (War on Christmas), la France connaît à son tour les prémices d’un conflit dénominatif qui a atteint un écho médiatique inédit à la suite de la diffusion d’un document de la Commission européenne en 2021 demandant de préférer le mot « Fête » à celui de « Noël ». Cette contribution voudrait questionner la posture énonciative qui consiste à renommer ou à éviter de nommer Noël dans l’espace public et les controverses qu’elle suscite.
Nolo's Situated Vocabulary: embracing diverse 'worldings' through Participatory Design
Authors: Tassinari Virginia , Vergani Francesco , Borin Ambra
Published: July 2024

Participatory Design (PD) has played a pivotal role in broadening the horizons of Design by fostering new forms of social engagement in the public sphere. However, the emerging social, economic, and environmental challenges of these times force us to question and reconsider our work from a slightly shifted perspective. This paper introduces a case study that employs Donna Haraway's (1988) concept of "situated knowledge" to reframe the practice of PD in the context of urban regeneration. By emphasizing the situatedness of knowledge and acknowledging the diversity of perspectives within the Nolo neighbourhood (Milan, IT), this approach aims at co-creating inclusive, context-specific discourses with the help of the local communities. The work presented here explores how this epistemological shift can address the challenges of engaging with diverse human and non-human communities through the utilization of the Situated Vocabulary—an ongoing research project activated within the framework of the urban living lab of Off Campus Nolo.
Enhancing Environmental Sustainability in AI-Infused objects Ecosystems through User Experience: Expert validation and Insights
Authors: Paracolli Alice , Arquilla Venanzio
Published: July 2024

The study highlights the need and challenges of assessing the environmental sustainability of AI-infused Objects forming product-service ecosystems through the design lens. Through literature review, it aims to heighten designers' awareness of the environmental impact linked with this technology and facilitating decision-making through impact evaluation. The contribution for designers initiates by outlining three distinct components of AI-Infused Objects analysis, subsequently identifying the environmental impacts connected to each component. The study concludes by incorporating insights from field experts interviews aimed to understand how the design perspective can effectively address and overcome the impacts posed by the technology.
Mapping Temporal Experience: accounting for felt time in service design
Authors: Arnold Mages Michael , Neely Stephen
Published: July 2024

A key aspect of service design practice is the utilization of diverse mapping methods to comprehend and depict service architectures. While a consensus exists regarding the importance of considering temporal experience as an aspect of service designing, the prevalent methods—customer journey maps, service blueprints, and system diagrams—fall short in capturing vital temporal dimensions. Contemporary tools spotlight physical touchpoints rather than address intricate narratives of more spontaneous customer/provider interactions. The task of documenting evolving temporal experiences necessitates a profound reorientation toward kairotic time, a dimension underrepresented in current discourse. This study explores alternative methodologies that elucidate time within the context of depicting evolving service experiences. Preliminary ventures into service design mapping attuned to temporality are also introduced.
Sistema intensivo de producción de leche en base a praderas permanentes de riego en el sur de Chile. I Parámetros productivos y reproductivos
Authors: Butendieck N. , Lanuza F. , Romero O. , Hazard S. , Mardones P.
Published: July 2024

Estudios previos (Butendieck et al., 1991), sugirieron la posibilidad de lograr 12.360 kg de leche ha-1 a partir de pasturas permanentes regadas, de ryegrass y trébol blanco. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, 9 ha de praderas se subdividieron en 18 potrerillos y se manejaron como un sistema lechero cerrado. Se usaron vacas frisonas, 50% con parto de otoño y 50% de primavera. Se pastoreó en forma rotativa, primero con vacas en lactancia, seguido por las vacas secas y a partir de mayo entraron a galpón. Durante 90 a 100 días las vacas se mantuvieron en estabulación completa alimentadas con ensilaje de ballica trébol blanco, heno y concentrado. Así fue durante las dos primeras temporadas y en las tres siguientes, 8 de las nueve hectáreas se subdividieron por la mitad y aleatoriamente una mitad se pastoreó durante el invierno y la otra no. La pastura se fertilizó a fines de julio con 32 kgN, 60 kgP2O5, 30 kgK2O y 16 kg adicionales de N en diciembre. Además, se aplicaron 10 toneladas de estiércol descompuesto ha-1 a 1/3 de la superficie en marzo de cada año. La producción promedio en cinco temporadas fue 12.590 kg ha-1 con una carga promedio de 2,3 U.A. ha-1. Como alimento extrasistema se usaron 124 g de concentrado por kg de leche. La eficiencia reproductiva fue 81,3% y la tasa de reemplazo 24,3%. El rezago invernal generó una diferencia promedio de 12,8% en favor de las praderas rezagadas durante el invierno
Association of Serum Lactate Levels Measured in the Emergency Department with 30-Day Mortality in Older Patients with Unilateral Hip Fractures
Authors: Olcay Handan Özen , Emektar Emine , Öztürk Zeynep Saral , Akkan Sedat , Çevik Yunsur
Published: July 2024

Background: Hip fractures are frequent injuries in older patients and are associated with high mortality rates. This study assessed the association between serum lactate level and 30-day mortality in older patients with unilateral hip fractures and examined the prognostic value of this association on the clinical outcomes of these patients.Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the emergency department due to low-energy trauma and diagnosed with unilateral hip fracture upon admission. The additional inclusion criteria were patients with independent ambulation or walker or cane assistance before the injury, with available data on serum lactate levels on venous blood gas analysis, and who underwent surgery.Results: Among the 330 included patients, 30.9% experienced postoperative complications and 10.3% died within 30 days. Using a lactate cut-off value of 2 mmol/L to distinguish between living and deceased patients, the sensitivity and specificity were 41% and 88%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high lactate and low albumin levels and male sex were associated with mortality.Conclusion: Identifying risk factors for mortality in geriatric patients with hip fractures is important. Male sex, low albumin levels, and particularly increased lactate levels were independent predictors of short-term mortality in these patients.
Association of Sarcopenia and Its Components with Depression Symptoms in Older Patients with Stroke
Authors: Shiraishi Ryo , Araki Shunji , Ogawa Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Background: Recent studies have reported an association between sarcopenia and depression symptoms. To date, no reports have investigated the association between sarcopenia and depression symptoms evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (GDS)-15 in patients with stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and its components and the improvement of depression symptoms in patients with stroke admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. Methods: Patients with stroke aged ≥65 years admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward were included in the study. Participants were categorized into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Here, depression symptoms were evaluated using the GDS-15, in addition to demographic characteristics. This study’s primary outcome was the GDS change from admission to discharge. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between GDS change and sarcopenia and its components.Results: Overall, 118 participants were included, with the mean age of 78.7±8.1 years, and 58 (49%) were classified in the sarcopenia group. Multiple regression analysis showed that sarcopenia (β=-0.283, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.140 to -0.283, p<0.001) and handgrip strength (β=-0.317, 95% CI -0.162 to -0.014, p=0.021) were independently associated with GDS change.Conclusion: Sarcopenia and handgrip strength were significantly associated with improved depression symptoms in patients with stroke admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. However, further prospective studies should investigate the association between sarcopenia and depression symptoms in patients with stroke.
Design, Conduct, Analysis, and Reporting of Therapeutic Efficacy Studies in Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review of Published Reports, 2000–2021
Authors: Dahal Prabin , Singh-Phulgenda Sauman , Naylor Caitlin , Brack Matthew , Chatterjee Mitali , Alves Fabiana , Guerin Philippe J. , Stepniewska Kasia
Published: July 2024

A systematic review (SR) of published efficacy studies in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was undertaken to describe methodological aspects of design, conduct, analysis, and reporting. Studies published during 2000–2021 and indexed in the Infectious Diseases Data Observatory VL library of clinical studies were eligible for inclusion (N = 89 studies). Of the 89 studies, 40 (44.9%) were randomized, 33 (37.1%) were single-armed, 14 (15.7%) were nonrandomized multiarmed studies, and randomization status was unclear in two (2.2%). After initial screening, disease confirmation was done by microscopy in 26 (29.2%) and by a combination of serology and microscopy in 63 (70.8%). Post-treatment follow-up duration was <6 months in three (3.3%) studies, 6 months in 75 (84.3%), and >6 months in 11 (12.4%) studies. Confirmation of relapse was solely based on clinical suspicion in four (4.5%) studies, parasitological demonstration in 64 (71.9%), using molecular/serological/parasitological method in 6 (6.7%), and there was no information in 15 (16.9%). Of the 40 randomized studies, sample size calculation was reported in only 22 (55.0%) studies. This review highlights substantial variations in definitions adopted for disease diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes suggesting a need for a harmonized trials protocol.
Primary Dengue and Long-Term Health Status in Madeira Island, Portugal: A Retrospective Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Henriques Paulo , Caldeira-Araújo Helena , Brazão Maria da Luz , Abreu Ana Maria , Vigário Ana Margarida , Rosa Alexandra
Published: July 2024

Dengue is among the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases worldwide. Although its acute manifestations are well known, little is known about the long-term impact of dengue on the population’s health status. Madeira Island experienced a single outbreak of autochthonous dengue from September 2012 to March 2013. To extend our knowledge about the clinical impact of the outbreak on this naive population, we applied an online questionnaire to 168 adults diagnosed with dengue at the time to characterize retrospectively their symptoms during the infection and to identify long-term manifestations, possibly triggered by dengue. The most frequent symptoms during the clinical period, reported by more than three-quarters of our participants, were fever, myalgia, extreme tiredness, and headaches, whereas vomiting, pruritus, nausea, retro-orbital pain, and arthralgia occurred in 35% to 50% of participants. In the 8 years after dengue, 61.5% of participants reported at least one recurrent previously nonexistent symptom, the most frequent being headaches, abundant hair loss, extreme tiredness, arthralgia, and myalgia, experienced by 25% to 35% of participants. Nearly 20% of the participants with persistent symptoms reported the onset of chronic illness in the 4 years after dengue, most frequently ophthalmological and autoimmune diseases (5.6% each), versus only 2.2% of chronic disease onset in participants without persistent symptoms. Our results suggest that the occurrence of persistent symptoms after primary dengue might be more frequent than anticipated and may persist for several years, having an impact on the health status and well-being of a considerable proportion of the infected population.