bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of crosslinkable diblock terpolymers PDPA-b-P(NMS-co-OEG) and preparation of shell-crosslinked pH/redox-dual responsive micelles as smart nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Wang Zhao , Cao Amin , Sheng Ruilong
Published: October 2019

A series of well-defined amphiphilic PDPA-b-P(NMS-co-OEG) diblock terpolymers were prepared via RAFT polymerization and self-assembled into non-cross-linked nanomicelles, and then shell-cross-linked micelles via cystamine-based in situ shell cross-linking.
Cationization of Eucalyptus wood waste pulps with diverse lignin contents for potential application in colored wastewater treatment
Authors: Grenda Kinga , Gamelas José A. F. , Arnold Julien , Cayre Olivier J. , Rasteiro Maria G.
Published: October 2019

Eucalyptus wood waste has been used to produce cationic lignocellulose-based polyelectrolytes (PELs) and the new PELs proved to be efficient flocculants in the decoloration of dye-containing waters with potential application in several industries.
Conversion of methane to C2 and C3 hydrocarbons over TiO2/ZSM-5 core–shell particles in an electric field
Authors: Han Qiao , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Matsumoto Masayuki , Endo Akira , Kubota Yoshihiro , Inagaki Satoshi
Published: October 2019

A TiO2/ZSM-5 composite catalyst efficiently works for the oxidative coupling of methane and the subsequent ethylene-to-propylene reactions in an electric field.
BRET based dual-colour (visible/near-infrared) molecular imaging using a quantum dot/EGFP–luciferase conjugate
Authors: Tsuboi Setsuko , Jin Takashi
Published: October 2019

A bioluminescent dual-colour molecular-imaging probe was prepared to emit green and near-infrared luminescence from a conjugate between enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), Renilla luciferase (RLuc) and CdSeTe/CdS quantum dot (QD).
Hierarchical NiCo2O4/NiFe/Pt heterostructures supported on nickel foam as bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen/hydrogen production
Authors: Huang Qingyou , Cao Yang , Wang Xiaohong , Tu Jinchun , Xia Qianfeng , Wu Qiang
Published: October 2019

(a) LSV of overall water splitting for the respective component at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. (b) Chronopotentiometry curve under a constant current density of 20 mA cm−2. Inset: photographic image of two-electrode water electrolysis device.
Uniform gallium oxyhydroxide nanorod anodes with superior lithium-ion storage
Authors: Feng Jingjing , Fu Bowen , Fang Liang , Wang Fang , Zhang Xin , Li Yongtao , Song Yun
Published: October 2019

The hydrothermal GaOOH nanorods with uniform morphology show highly reversible capacity and superior rate performance with boosted pseudocapacitance contribution.
Cu single atoms on Ti2CO2 as a highly efficient oxygen reduction catalyst in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Peng Qiong , Zhou Jian , Chen Jiatian , Zhang Tian , Sun Zhimei
Published: October 2019

MXene supported single-atom catalysts catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Diffusion-induced in situ growth of covalent organic frameworks for composite membranes
Authors: Manchanda Priyanka , Chisca Stefan , Upadhyaya Lakshmeesha , Musteata Valentina-Elena , Carrington Mark , Nunes Suzana P.
Published: October 2019

Thin layers of a covalent organic framework (COF) have been synthesized on a flexible polymeric support using a new diffusion-induction method under ambient conditions in reaction times as short as 3 hours.
Photosensitizer coated upconversion nanoparticles for triggering reactive oxygen species under 980 nm near-infrared excitation
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Du Shanshan , Wang Yuhua
Published: October 2019

Rare-earth-based upconversion nanotechnology has recently shown great promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Real-time monitoring of etoposide prodrug activated by hydrogen peroxide with improved safety
Authors: Zhu Jiawen , Chen Jingting , Song Dongmei , Zhang Wenda , Guo Jianpeng , Cai Guiping , Ren Yuhao , Wan Chengying , Kong Lingyi , Yu Wenying
Published: October 2019

A novel H2O2 sensitive prodrug designed for selectively releasing etoposide in cancer cells with fluorescence monitoring and improved safety.
NiPS3 nanosheets for passive pulse generation in an Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Tao , Shi Xinyao , Wu Jian , Xu Yijun , Ding Xianguang , Yu Qiang , Zhang Kai , Zhou Pu , Jiang Zongfu
Published: October 2019

Herein, high-quality NiPS3 crystals were synthesized by a modified chemical vapor transport (CVT) method, and few-layer NiPS3 nanosheets were used as saturable absorbers in pulse generation.
Defect repair for enhanced piezo-phototronic MoS2 flexible phototransistors
Authors: Lin Pei , Zhu Laipan , Li Ding , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2019

Suppression of the screening effect and thus the enhancement of piezo-phototronic modulation were achieved in monolayer MoS2 through defect engineering.
Time‐varying anti‐disturbance formation control for high‐order non‐linear multi‐agent systems with switching directed topologies
Authors: Dong Chaoyang , Zhang Wenqiang , Wang Qing , Liu Yu'ang
Published: October 2019

This study considers the time‐varying anti‐disturbance formation control problem for a class of high‐order uncertain non‐linear multi‐agent systems with switching directed topologies. A distributed extended state observer (ESO) is constructed to estimate the unknown non‐linear dynamics and external disturbances for each agent during the time‐varying formation process. Based on the ESO, a novel ESO‐based formation protocol is proposed and an algorithm to specify the protocol is derived. The feasibility conditions for the realisation of the anti‐disturbance formation under the protocol are also demonstrated. It is rigorously proved that if the feasibility conditions are satisfied and the protocol is designed in the proposed form, the time‐varying anti‐disturbance formation can be achieved by the high‐order uncertain non‐linear multi‐agent systems with switching directed topologies. The effectiveness and innovations of theoretical results are finally illustrated by some numerical simulations.
Composite sliding‐mode consensus algorithms for higher‐order multi‐agent systems subject to disturbances
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Wang Guodong , Li Shihua , Lu Kunfeng
Published: October 2019

Consensus problems for both leaderless and leader‐follower disturbed higher‐order multi‐agent systems are investigated in this study. Based on the combination of integral sliding‐mode control and disturbance observer techniques, composite sliding‐mode consensus protocols are proposed for leaderless and leader‐follower disturbed multi‐agent systems, respectively. First, for the leaderless case, composite sliding‐mode consensus protocols are designed to make the agents achieve asymptotic consensus. Second, for the leader‐follower case, finite‐time composite sliding‐mode consensus protocols are presented to make the followers achieve consensus with the leader in finite time. Then based on the consensus algorithms proposed in this study, a consensus control strategy is given to realise the velocity and altitude finite‐time consensus for a class of leader‐follower multi‐hypersonic vehicle systems. Finally, the numerical simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed consensus algorithms.
Real‐time multi‐trajectory matching for dynamic hand gesture recognition
Authors: Jian Chengfeng , Li Junjie
Published: October 2019

Focus on the field of dynamic gesture recognition, there is a problem of the action, is difficult to recognise when multiple fingertips move in a small range (rotation, grabbing), the authors proposed a method to get the recognition results with high robustness in real‐time. Firstly, they proposed the concavity kernel accumulation algorithm (CKA) to cluster corners in an image. Secondly, they deem CKA as a region proposal generator and combined it with convolutional neural network to detect fingertips. Thirdly, they proposed the global nearest neighbour point matching algorithm to match fingertips from two frames. Finally, the long short‐term memory is used in multi‐trajectory recognition to get the results of gesture recognition. Experiments show that their method could recognise multi‐trajectory gestures accurately, furthermore, it can run in real time (20 FPS) without graphics processing unit (GPU).
Magnetic fields and cosmic rays in M 31
Authors: Beck R. , Berkhuijsen E. M. , Gießübel R. , Mulcahy D. D.
Published: October 2019

Context. Magnetic fields play an important role in the dynamics and evolution of galaxies; however, the amplification and ordering of the initial seed fields are not fully understood. The nearby spiral galaxy M 31 is an ideal laboratory for extensive studies of magnetic fields.

Aims. Our aim was to measure the intrinsic structure of the magnetic fields in M 31 and compare them with dynamo models of field amplification.

Methods. The intensity of polarized synchrotron emission and its orientation are used to measure the orientations of the magnetic field components in the plane of the sky. The Faraday rotation measure gives information about the field components along the line of sight. With the Effelsberg 100-m telescope three deep radio continuum surveys of the Andromeda galaxy, M 31, were performed at 2.645, 4.85, and 8.35 GHz (wavelengths of 11.3, 6.2, and 3.6 cm). The λ3.6 cm survey is the first radio survey of M 31 at such small wavelengths. Maps of the Faraday rotation measures (RMs) are calculated from the distributions of the polarization angle.

Results. At all wavelengths the total and polarized emission is concentrated in a ring-like structure of about 7–13 kpc in radius from the centre. Propagation of cosmic rays away from the star-forming regions is evident. The ring of synchrotron emission is wider than the ring of the thermal radio emission, and the radial scale length of synchrotron emission is larger than that of thermal emission. The polarized intensity from the ring in the plane of the sky varies double-periodically with azimuthal angle, indicating that the ordered magnetic field is oriented almost along the ring, with a pitch angle of −14 ° ±2° at λ6.2 cm. The RM varies systematically along the ring. The analysis shows a large-scale sinusoidal variation with azimuthal angle, signature of an axisymmetric spiral (ASS) regular magnetic field, plus a superimposed double-periodic variation of a bisymmetric spiral (BSS) regular field with about six times smaller amplitude. The RM amplitude of (118 ± 3) rad m−2 between λ6.2 cm and λ3.6 cm is about 50% larger than between λ11.3 cm and λ6.2 cm, indicating that Faraday depolarization at λ11.3 cm is stronger (i.e. with a larger Faraday thickness) than at λ6.2 cm and λ3.6 cm. The phase of the sinusoidal RM variation of −7 ° ±1° is interpreted as the average spiral pitch angle of the regular field. The average pitch angle of the ordered field, as derived from the intrinsic orientation of the polarized emission (corrected for Faraday rotation), is significantly smaller: −26 ° ±3°.

Conclusions. The dominating ASS plus the weaker BSS field of M 31 is the most compelling case so far of a field generated by the action of a mean-field dynamo. The difference in pitch angle of the regular and the ordered fields indicates that the ordered field contains a significant fraction of an anisotropic turbulent field that has a different pattern than the regular (ASS + BSS) magnetic field.
Liquorverlustsyndrom mit intrakraniellen Komplikationen. Wann muss man daran denken?
Authors: Ulrich Christian T. , Jesse C. Marvin , Häni Levin , Fichtner Jens , Piechowiak Eike , Dobrocky Tomas , Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Das Liquorverlustsyndrom kann nach spinalen Interventionen, wie zum Beispiel Operationen und Punktionen, oder spontan (ohne erkennbare Ursache) auftreten. Durch ein vermindertes Liquorvolumen können intrakranielle Komplikationen entstehen, deren Spektrum von lageabhängigen (orthostatischen) Kopfschmerzen bis hin zu intrakraniellen Blutungen mit lebensbedrohlichen Zuständen reicht. Deshalb ist es wichtig, das Liquorverlussyndrom klinisch richtig einzuordnen, eine gezielte Diagnostik durchzuführen und die adäquate Therapie einzuleiten. Anhand der verschiedenen Ätiologien der Liquorverlustsyndrome und der Schwere der Befunde wird das diagnostische und therapeutische Management dargelegt.
Severe Mitral Valve Regurgitation due to Significant Coronary Artery
Stenosis in a 14-month-old boy with Williams-Beuren Syndrome
Authors: Hornung Andreas , Sieverding Ludger , Schlensak Christian , Hofbeck Michael
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is characterized by a combination of cardiovascular
malformations, typical dysmorphic stigmata, a moderate developmental delay and
behavioral abnormalities. According to the literature the incidence is within a
range from 1:20 000 to 1:7 500 (Yildiz O et al., World J Pediatr
Congenit Heart Surg 2015; 6: 311–316). Microdeletion of chromosome region
7q11.23 is pathognomonic, affecting the elastin gene (von Beust G et al., Klin
Padiatr 2000; 212: 299–307). Due to reduced elastin content elasticity in
the media of the arterial vessel wall is reduced, resulting in a vasculopathy
affecting preferentially the medium size and large arteries. As a characteristic
feature supravalvular aortic and pulmonary artery stenosis is very common in
patients with WBS. The supravalvular aortic stenosis may also affect the origin of
the coronary arteries resulting in an increased risk of myocardial ischemia (Collins
RT 2nd, Circulation 2013; 127: 2125–2134). We report the case of
a little boy with ischemic mitral regurgitation due to stenosis of the left main
coronary artery.
Data from Population-based Cancer Registration for Secondary Data
Analysis: Methodological Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Arndt Volker , Holleczek Bernd , Kajüter Hiltraud , Luttmann Sabine , Nennecke Alice , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Kraywinkel Klaus , Katalinic Alexander
Published: October 2019

Population-based cancer registries have a long-standing role in cancer
monitoring. Scientific use of cancer registry data is one important purpose of
cancer registration, but use of cancer registry data is not restricted to cancer
registries. Cancer registration in Germany is currently heading towards
population-based collection of detailed clinical data. This development together
with additional options for record linkage and long-term follow-up will offer
new opportunities for health services and outcome research. Both regional
population-based registries and the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data
(ZfKD) at the Robert Koch-Institute as well as international cancer registries
and consortia or organizations may provide external researchers access to
individual or aggregate level data for secondary data analysis. In this review,
we elaborate on the access to cancer registry data for research purposes,
availability of specific data items, and options for data linkage with external
data sources. We also discuss as well as on limitations in data availability and
quality, and describe typical biases in design and analysis.
NOAC Adherence of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Real World: Dosing Frequency Matters?
Authors: Hwang Jongmin , Han Seongwook , Bae Han-Joon , Jun Seung-Woon , Choi Sang-Woong , Lee Cheol-Hyun , Kim In-Cheol , Cho Yun-Kyeong , Park Hyoung-Seob , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang-Wook , Hur Seung-Ho , Lee Sang-Hoon
Published: October 2019

Background and Objectives Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) require stricter medication adherence. We investigated the NOACs adherence in real-world practice.

Methods We screened all patients in our cardiology department the day before their outpatient appointment, over a 5-month period. We enrolled 719 consecutive patients who were taking NOACs for atrial fibrillation. The patients were contacted by phone or text to bring the remnant pills with them without any information why. Adherence was measured by the percentage of prescribed doses taken (PDT) (number of doses taken/number of doses expected to be taken from the last prescription × 100 [%]) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS)-8.

Results All 4 NOACs (apixaban 47.8%, dabigatran 21.2%, rivaroxaban 18.4%, and edoxaban 12.6%) were prescribed. The mean duration that the patients had been taking NOACs was 7.2 ± 5.7 months. The PDT was 95.4 ± 9.1% in the once-daily dosing group and 93.4 ± 12.7% in the twice-daily group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). The mean MMAS was 2.6 ± 0.8. The proportion of patients with a PDT < 80% was 7.8%. They had a significantly higher MMAS than the PDT ≥ 80% group (3.4 vs. 2.5; p = 0.000).

Conclusion Most patients who were taking NOACs had excellent adherence regardless of the dosing frequency. An MMAS ≥ 3 could be used as a simple screening tool for a poor NOAC adherence.
A search fails to find any evidence for the continuing presence of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) in south-western New South Wales
Authors: Swinbourne Michael , Taggart David , Ostendorf Bertram
Published: October 2019

Following up on two reports from the 1990s, we undertook a ground survey and analysed satellite imagery in order to determine whether there are any extant colonies of southern hairy-nosed wombats in south-western New South Wales. No evidence was found to confirm the continuing presence of wombats in the region.
Cytological identification of new-type Brassica napus materials and their physiological response to drought
Authors: Song Fengping , Meng Zuqing , Luo Tao , Xin Jiajia , Xian Mengzhu , Rao Na , Chen Quan , Wang Yuhao , Khan Mohammad Nauman , Hu Liyong
Published: October 2019

The naturally drought-prone climate of the Tibetan Plateau has produced highly drought-resistant Brassica juncea. The objective of the present study was to examine improvement in drought resistance in B. napus by distant hybridisation between B. juncea and B. napus. Distant hybridisation was performed to generate F1 hybrids, which were open-pollinated by a set of breeding lines of B. napus. Continuous self-crossing was then performed to produce the F2–F6 generations, and 74 lines of new-type Brassica napus with stable fertility and morphological phenotypes were selected. The drought resistance of the 74 lines was evaluated during the germination stage by simulating drought stress at 15% PEG-6000, and a wide range of genetic variation in drought resistance was scored. Cytological identification of four lines chosen from strongly, intermediate and weakly drought-resistant clusters demonstrated that their chromosomes had gradually stabilised to B. napus (2n = 38) after advanced self-crossing. A drought-resistant line (line 290) and a drought-susceptible line (line 299) were selected to determine the physiological response to drought stress at the seedling stage. The results showed that proline, soluble protein and malondialdehyde contents of the drought-resistant line were always lower than those of the drought-susceptible line and other common rapeseed variety under drought stress and rewatering conditions. This indicates that the drought-resistant line may have a better reactive oxygen species scavenging system with a less extreme reaction to drought stress. Additionally, the results revealed that the genetic diversity of B. napus under drought resistance was broadened by distant hybridisation, which could encourage breeders to utilise the germplasm resources of B. juncea in the Tibetan Plateau to achieve the goal of drought resistance.
Assessment of synthetic hexaploid wheats in response to heat stress and leaf rust infection for the improvement of wheat production
Authors: Truong Hai An , Lee Won Je , Kishii Masahiro , Hong Suk-Whan , Kang Chon-Sik , Lee Byung Cheon , Lee Hojoung
Published: October 2019

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a popular cereal crop worldwide, but its future use is threatened by its limited genetic diversity because of the evolutionary bottleneck limiting its ability to combat abiotic and biotic stresses. However, synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is known for its genetic diversity resulting from of the artificial crossing used to transfer elite genes from donors. SHW is therefore a potential source for genetic variations to combat stress. We studied two SHW lines from CYMMIT (cSHW339464 and cSHW339465) and a Korean bread wheat (cv. KeumKang) to determine their ability to tolerate heat stress and leaf rust infection. Our results showed that cSHW339464 could tolerate heat stress because of its maintained-green phenotype, high accumulation of anthocyanin, antioxidant activity (DPPH), proline content, and the response of heat-shock proteins after being challenged by heat stress. On the other hand, cSHW339465 is resistant to leaf rust and can inhibit the growth of pathogens on the leaf surface, owing to the induction of genes encoding β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase and subsequent enzyme activities. In conclusion, these two SHW lines could prove good candidates contributing to the improvement of current wheat resources.
Development and validation of breeder-friendly functional markers of sugary1 gene encoding starch-debranching enzyme affecting kernel sweetness in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Chhabra Rashmi , Hossain Firoz , Muthusamy Vignesh , Baveja Aanchal , Mehta Brijesh K. , Zunjare Rajkumar U.
Published: October 2019

The sweet corn variety of maize (Zea mays L.) has become popular worldwide. The recessive allele of sugary1 (su1) encoding starch de-branching enzyme has been much used for sweet corn cultivar development. Here, we aimed to develop su1-based functional marker(s) by using six diverse inbred lines of sugary type and five inbred lines of wild type, and using 27 overlapping primers. In total, 12 indels (insertion and deletion) and 96 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified that clearly differentiated the dominant and recessive allele of su1. Among these, a 36-bp indel (at position 1247) in the promoter region included a TATA-box, and a 6-bp indel (at position 6456) in intron-10 was predicted to have SRp40 exon-splicing enhancer. Nucleotide substitution in exon-2 at position 2703 (SNP-2703) was involved in C to G mutation leading to conversion of phenylalanine to leucine. The 6-bp and 36-bp indels and SNP-2703 were used to develop breeder-friendly codominant markers: SuDel6-FR, SuDel36-FR and SNP2703-CG-85/89. All three markers were validated in five F2 populations, and SuDel36-FR and SNP2703-CG-85/89 were validated in a set of 230 diverse inbreds having both mutant and wild-type alleles of Su1. This is the first report of development and validation of universal functional markers for su1. These markers (SuDel36-FR and SNP2703-CG-85/89) assume great significance in marker-assisted breeding program.
An onboard checking mechanism ensures effector delivery of the type VI secretion system in
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Liang Xiaoye , Kamal Fatima , Pei Tong-Tong , Xu Ping , Mekalanos John J. , Dong Tao G.
Published: October 2019

Significance

How to ensure effectors are loaded efficiently is a key question to understanding protein secretion systems. Our study demonstrates that the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of
Vibrio cholerae
requires the physical presence of effectors as a prerequisite for assembling a functional secretion apparatus, representing a distinct posttranslational energy-saving strategy that may be conserved among the diverse T6SS systems in gram-negative bacteria.
Inexperienced preys know when to flee or to freeze in front of a threat
Authors: Hébert Marie , Versace Elisabetta , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: October 2019

Using appropriate antipredatory responses is crucial for survival. While slowing down reduces the chances of being detected from distant predators, fleeing away is advantageous in front of an approaching predator. Whether appropriate responses depend on experience with moving objects is still an open question. To clarify whether adopting appropriate fleeing or freezing responses requires previous experience, we investigated responses of chicks naive to movement. When exposed to the moving cues mimicking an approaching predator (a rapidly expanding, looming stimulus), chicks displayed a fast escape response. In contrast, when presented with a distal threat (a small stimulus sweeping overhead) they decreased their speed, a maneuver useful to avoid detection. The fast expansion of the stimulus toward the subject, rather than its size per se or change in luminance, triggered the escape response. These results show that young animals, in the absence of previous experience, can use motion cues to select the appropriate responses to different threats. The adaptive needs of young preys are thus matched by spontaneous defensive mechanisms that do not require learning.
The impact of explicit instruction on different types of linguistic properties
Authors: Teixeira Joana
Published: October 2019

Over the past decades, L2 research has shown that properties involving the syntax-discourse interface are typically more complex to acquire than strictly syntactic properties. To determine whether the complexity of the target property moderates the effectiveness of explicit instruction, this study investigates the impact of explicit instruction on the development of a syntactic property (the ungrammaticality of free inversion) and a syntax-discourse property (the unacceptability of locative inversion with informationally heavy verbs) in L1 European Portuguese-L2 English (B2 and C1 levels), using a pre-test/post-test design. Results reveal that instruction only produced lasting effects when it targeted syntax and learners were at the C1 level. These results indicate that syntax may be more permeable to instructional effects than the syntax-discourse interface and that the effectiveness of explicit instruction depends on learners’ stage of L2 development.
Exploring bilingual children’s integration of gestures into talk-in-interaction
Authors: Wanphet Phalangchok , Sfaxi Jalila
Published: October 2019

This paper explores how gestures, or the movements of hands, arms, and fingers, are employed by young bilinguals, or those who possess a good command of two languages. Moreover, it uncovers the sequential environment in which those gestures are found. The data come from twelve hours of recorded, naturally-occurring interaction between six bilingual girls in English. The findings reveal that their gestures have cognitive, communicative, interpersonal, and interactional functions. The gestures help solve speech problems, such as disambiguating speech, compensating for speech, and searching for words or what to say next. They also help allocate turns-at-talk, draw addressees’ attention, and maintain social relations. At a discourse level, the study reveals how bilinguals display similar gestures within the same discourse domain.
Stance-taking, accommodation, code switching and language crossing
Authors: Zhu Lin
Published: October 2019

This study involves an in-depth analysis of a sociolinguistic interview between the researcher and a college student in his junior year, herein named “Alex”. Within the entirety of the transcription, I conducted a detailed investigation of the interviewee’s linguistic features and strategies. He attempted to achieve several communicative goals, such as streamlining the conversation by utilizing stance taking, communication accommodation, language crossing and code switching. In this paper, I elaborate on the specific linguistic strategies he used to take a stance and construct his identity through narrative. Specifically, he created the identity of a motivated, intelligent yet humble foreign language learner.
A new type of adiabatic invariants for disturbed non-conservative nonholonomic system*
Authors: Xu Xin-Xin , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2019

According to the Herglotz variational principle and differential variational principle of Herglotz type, we study the adiabatic invariants for a non-conservative nonholonomic system. Firstly, the differential equations of motion of the non-conservative nonholonomic system based upon the generalized variational principle of Herglotz type are given, and the exact invariant for the non-conservative nonholonomic system is introduced. Secondly, a new type of adiabatic invariant for the system under the action of a small perturbation is obtained. Thirdly, the inverse theorem of the adiabatic invariant is given. Finally, an example is given.
A new sulfur-doped source and synergistic effect with nitrogen for carbon dots produced from glucose*
Authors: Fu Lige , Yin Yuehong , Cao Guohua , Wu Pingping , Wang Jian , Yan Lingling , Zhang Baoqing , Li Ming
Published: October 2019

The nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) with increased luminescence were synthesized by a hydrothermal process in one green pot by using glucose, and a new sulfur-doping source of sodium sulfite was developed. The synergistic effect of the N and S groups was well discussed through the structure analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectra. The surface states of N, S-CDs embody more complicated functional groups, and S element exists as –SSO3, –C–SO3, and

SO

4

2
−

groups due to the introduction of sodium sulfite. The sulfur-containing groups passivate the surface of the CDs, and the relatively high sulfur groups may reduce the non-radiation centers. The fluorescence is affected by the hydroxyl group of the solvent. The quenching of Fe3+ ion to fluorescence and the sensitivity of fluorescence to pH were also investigated.
UNO and TVD schemes for calculation of waves in an elastic-plastic body
Authors: Aganin A A , Khismatullina N A
Published: October 2019

TVD and UNO schemes for efficiently calculating one-dimensional waves in an elastic-plastic body are presented. Both schemes are of the second order of accuracy, with an exception for the TVD scheme in the local extrema of the solution where its accuracy is reduced to the first order. The waves in the body are governed by differential equations in the hydrostatic pressure and the components of the velocity and the deviator of the stress tensor. The plasticity of the body is taken into account using the Mises condition. The classical Godunov method is used for estimating the effectiveness of the presented schemes. It is shown that on the same computational grids, the accuracy of the numerical results by the presented schemes significantly exceeds the accuracy of the results by the Godunov method. At the same time, the UNO scheme is more preferable, since the TVD scheme cuts the solution extrema because it strictly satisfies the TVD condition.
Simulation of low-pressure rf plasma treatment of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Borodaev I A , Zheltukhin V S , Sizov A S , Strebkov E V
Published: October 2019

Methods of molecular dynamic simulation of the bombardment of polymeric materials by low-energy (up to 100 eV) ions generated in radio-frequency low-pressure (13.3-133 Pa) plasma are discussed. A model of RF plasma treatment of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been developed. It has been established that the bombardment of UHMWPE by argon ions initiates the fast rotation of the polymer chains, and the rupture of intramolecular bonds.
Power efficient device for pumping and compression pipes cleaning from asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits
Authors: Galiakbarov R T , Samigullin A D , Gabdrakhmanov A T , Saetgaraev D D
Published: October 2019

this article deals with power efficient device to clean the pumping and compression pipes from asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits.
Application of argon collisional-radiative model for inductive RF discharge research
Authors: Gizzatullin Azamat R , Zhelonkin Y O , Voznesencky E F , Gizzatullin Azat R
Published: October 2019

The technique of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in combination with plasma emission models for determining the parameters of a gas discharge is presented. Measurements of charge carrier concentration and electron temperature in an inductively coupled RF plasma of argon are carried out under low pressure. The concentration and temperature of electrons were determined by selecting the ratio of the intensities of the spectral lines calculated with the collision-radiative model (CRM) to the intensities of the lines obtained in the experiment. The model describes the kinetics of the first 30 excited states of argon and takes into account the following processes: direct electron impact excitation / relaxation, spontaneous emission, radiation trapping, electron impact ionization and charge loss due to diffusion on the walls. The obtained OES results were compared with the results of Langmuir probe measurements of plasma parameters.
Study of gas dynamic flow regimes in RFPT technological processes
Authors: Gizzatullin Azat R , Zhelonkin Y O , Voznesencky E F , Gizzatullin Azamat R
Published: October 2019

Experimental measurements of the pressure in the vacuum chamber of the RF plasma unit at various flow rates of the working gas — Argon — have been carried out, and a dynamic vacuum curve has been constructed for the system. A simulation of the flow of working gases in a vacuum chamber in a COMSOL Multiphysics package was carried out at different flow conditions in the pressure range of 1–100 Pa, the dependence of pressure on flow was established, and the calculated data were compared with experiment.
Temperature dependence of erosion of graphite under high-temperature ion irradiation
Authors: Begrambekov L B , Grunin A V , Dolganov G D , Puntakov N A , Titkova K M
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a dependence of the erosion of graphite under a high energy ion flux from the ion dose is investigated at temperatures of 750, 1700 and 2050 °C. High doses of irradiation stimulate diffusion processes that lead to the transport of carbon atoms from the bulk of the sample towards the surface, leading to the formation of a porous layer which thickness increases both with the increase of sample’s temperature, as well as the dose of irradiation.
Study of the effect of plasma modification on the change of fire-resistant properties of textile materials imported by flame retardants
Authors: Ilyushina S , Antonova M , Krasina I , Minyazova A , Parsanov A , Mingaliev R
Published: October 2019

The article studies the effect of plasma modification on the flame retardant properties of blended fabrics. The regime of plasma treatment is revealed at which effective and uniform solution absorption of the flame retardant composition of textile materials is achieved. It was found that the most effective fixing of the flame retardant is carried out on samples that underwent double plasma treatment before and after impregnation with the flame retardant.
Studying the effect of RF-plasma treatment on the indicators of adhesion of inorganic fibers to the polymeric binder
Authors: Karnoukhov A E , Karimullin I I , Skidchenko E A , Tikhonova N V , Garifullin A R , Romanov E O , Voznesensky E F , Miftakhov I S
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the plasma RF discharge on the adhesion indices (capillarity and shear strength) of glass and carbon fibers to the epoxy matrix. Plasma treatment modes were selected to maximize the adhesion of the fibers to the polymer binder.
On the possibility of controlling the composition of water by analyzing emissivity spectra from a discharge with an electrolytic cathode
Authors: Saifutdinov A I , Sysoev S S , Kirsanov G V , Fadeev S A , Saifutdinova A A
Published: October 2019

Presents results demonstrating the possibility of using a discharge with a liquid (water) cathode to create miniature analyzers of liquid media.
Dynamics of a spheroidal gas bubble near a rigid surface
Authors: Aganin A A , Kosolapova L A , Malakhov V G
Published: October 2019

Non-spherical dynamics of a bubble during its axisymmetric collapse near a planar rigid wall is considered. The liquid surrounding the bubble is ideal incompressible, its flow is potential. The pressure in the bubble is uniform, and varying with respect to adiabatic law. At the beginning of collapse, the bubble is spheroidal, the liquid is motionless. A numerical technique is applied, which is based on a stepwise method in time for calculating the bubble surface movement and on the boundary element method. The initial stage of the bubble collapse till the moment of contact between some parts of the bubble surface (i.e., till losing its one-connectedness) is considered. The effect of the ratio of the semi-axes of the spheroidal bubble and the initial thickness of the liquid layer between the bubble and the wall on the bubble shape, the pressure and velocity fields in liquid are investigated. The region of the problem parameters (the distance from the wall, the bubble non-sphericity) is outlined, in which the bubble collapses with formation of a cumulative liquid jet impacting on the bubble surface part nearest to the wall. The liquid pressures resulting from the impact are estimated.
Relation of electric conditions between a source of Ar plasma jet and a substrate with a configuration of a plasma sheet on a target
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Balakirev A A , Karalnik V B , Petryakov A V , Trushkin N I
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the experimental results relevant to the external electrical influence on the structure of a thin plasma sheet formed atop a substrate surface by Ar plasma jet that is being generated by a coaxial sinusoidal barrier discharge (BD) in an argon flow. The electrical influence on the target is being created due to connecting of a high-voltage or grounded electrode of the BD to the metal plate on which the dielectric or metallic substrate to be treated is located. Such an approach ensures a synchronism of the interaction of the external auxiliary electric field with the own electric field of the ionization wave (plasma bullet) propagating along the argon plasma jet toward the substrate during each period of the BD alternating voltage. An image of the structure of the plasma sheet on the substrate surface averaged over many periods of sinusoidal voltage was recorded in the experiments.
Surface quality provision of laser welding using plasma cleaning
Authors: Rakhimov R R , Saubanov R R , Zvezdin V V , Hisamutdinov R M
Published: October 2019

The features of laser welding technology with the help of hard-nose powders on the cutting edge of the mill with plasma cleaning of the mill surface are described here. It is shown that the quality of weld deposition technological process depends on the processing modes, the energy characteristics of the laser technological system (LTS), as well as on the purity of the router bit.
Application of atmospheric pressure discharges with a liquid cathode for determination of alkaline-earth metal ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Sirotkin N A , Titov V A , Ignat’yev O I
Published: October 2019

The concentrations alkaline-earth metal ions in water solutions were determined by the method of emission actinometry of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma with a liquid cathode. The rubidium atoms were the actinometer component in plasma, whose cations with a known concentration were added to the analyzed solution. The solutions of magnesium, calcium, barium with concentrations of 10−6-10−4 gl−1 were analyzed. It is established that the addition of electrolytes in the solution influence on the emission intensity of the metal atom lines. However, the use of the ratio of the intensities of the radiation of the analyzed components and the component-actinometer can improve the accuracy of the analysis. The water hardness factor of the tap water was determined using this method.
About the mechanism of electric discharge between the electrolyte flow and the metallic anode
Authors: Tazmeev G K , Timerkaev B A , Tazmeev K K
Published: October 2019

An electrical discharge between a flowing electrolyte and a metal electrode was experimentally investigated in modes in which an intense transfer of a liquid electrolyte substance into the plasma column occurs. The cathode area of the discharge was investigated by the method of high-speed visualisation. A mathematical model for describing the processes of transfer of matter and charges from a liquid electrolyte cathode into a plasma was proposed.
The chemical composition of the surface of the sand molds based on magnesium oxide used in titanium castings
Authors: Khatmullina A I , Lyakhovich A M , Kashapov N F , Lomaeva S F , Mistahov R I
Published: October 2019

The XPS method has been used to study the chemical composition of the surface of sand forms based on magnesium oxide. The original and modified forms were investigated. Modification of the form was carried out by plasma deposition of a titanium coating on the inner surface. The surface of the initial form consists of the initial oxides and intermetallic compounds based on the elements of the form. In the surface layers of the modified form, TiO2 is the main titanium-containing compound, silicon titanates and intermetallic compounds based on the elements of the form and titanium are present.
Climate and health benefits of increasing renewable energy deployment in the United States*
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan J , Hughes Ethan J , Michanowicz Drew R , Heo Jinhyok , Allen Joseph G , Williams Augusta
Published: October 2019

The type, size, and location of renewable energy (RE) deployment dramatically affects benefits to climate and health. Here, we develop a ten-region model to assess the magnitude of health and climate benefits across the US We then use this model to assess the benefits of deploying varying capacities of wind, utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV), and rooftop solar PV in different regions in the US—a total of 284 different scenarios. Total benefits ranged from $2.2 trillion for 3000 MW of wind in the Upper Midwest to $4.2 million for 100 MW of wind in California. Total benefits and highest cost effectiveness for CO2 reduction were generally highest for RE deployment in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic US and lowest in California. Health was a substantial portion of total benefits in nearly all regions of the US Benefits were sensitive to methane leakage throughout the gas supply chain.
Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will lower increases in inequalities of four hazard indicators of climate change
Authors: Shiogama Hideo , Hasegawa Tomoko , Fujimori Shinichiro , Murakami Daisuke , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Tanaka Katsumasa , Emori Seita , Kubota Izumi , Abe Manabu , Imada Yukiko , Watanabe Masahiro , Mitchell Daniel , Schaller Nathalie , Sillmann Jana , Fischer Erich M , Scinocca John F , Bethke Ingo , Lierhammer Ludwig , Takakura Jun’ya , Trautmann Tim , Döll Petra , Ostberg Sebastian , Müller Schmied Hannes , Saeed Fahad , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: October 2019

Clarifying characteristics of hazards and risks of climate change at 2 °C and 1.5 °C global warming is important for understanding the implications of the Paris Agreement. We perform and analyze large ensembles of 2 °C and 1.5 °C warming simulations. In the 2 °C runs, we find substantial increases in extreme hot days, heavy rainfalls, high streamflow and labor capacity reduction related to heat stress. For example, about half of the world’s population is projected to experience a present day 1-in-10 year hot day event every other year at 2 °C warming. The regions with relatively large increases of these four hazard indicators coincide with countries characterized by small CO2 emissions, low-income and high vulnerability. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, compared to 2 °C, is projected to lower increases in the four hazard indicators especially in those regions.
Maize yield and nitrate loss prediction with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shahhosseini Mohsen , Martinez-Feria Rafael A , Hu Guiping , Archontoulis Sotirios V
Published: October 2019

Pre-growing season prediction of crop production outcomes such as grain yields and nitrogen (N) losses can provide insights to farmers and agronomists to make decisions. Simulation crop models can assist in scenario planning, but their use is limited because of data requirements and long runtimes. Thus, there is a need for more computationally expedient approaches to scale up predictions. We evaluated the potential of four machine learning (ML) algorithms (LASSO Regression, Ridge Regression, random forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and their ensembles) as meta-models for a cropping systems simulator (APSIM) to inform future decision support tool development. We asked: (1) How well do ML meta-models predict maize yield and N losses using pre-season information? (2) How many data are needed to train ML algorithms to achieve acceptable predictions? (3) Which input data variables are most important for accurate prediction? And (4) do ensembles of ML meta-models improve prediction? The simulated dataset included more than three million data including genotype, environment and management scenarios. XGBoost was the most accurate ML model in predicting yields with a relative mean square error (RRMSE) of 13.5%, and Random forests most accurately predicted N loss at planting time, with a RRMSE of 54%. ML meta-models reasonably reproduced simulated maize yields using the information available at planting, but not N loss. They also differed in their sensitivities to the size of the training dataset. Across all ML models, yield prediction error decreased by 10%–40% as the training dataset increased from 0.5 to 1.8 million data points, whereas N loss prediction error showed no consistent pattern. ML models also differed in their sensitivities to input variables (weather, soil properties, management, initial conditions), thus depending on the data availability researchers may use a different ML model. Modest prediction improvements resulted from ML ensembles. These results can help accelerate progress in coupling simulation models and ML toward developing dynamic decision support tools for pre-season management.
Research on Analysis and Application of Power System Stabilizer for Safe Operation of Large Nuclear Power Units
Authors: Chao Huang , Weilong Chen , Weigang Feng
Published: October 2019

As more and more large-scale nuclear power units (NPU) are put into operation, power system stabilizers (PSS) are important control means for units and power grids, which play an important role in the safe operation of NPU. In this paper, by analyzing the mechanism of accelerating PSS and the power regulation characteristics of NPU, the paper proposes a type selection of PSS for NPU. By analyzing the key technical requirements of the frequency link of the accelerating PSS, it proposes some test verification measures. Combined with the nuclear power plant reactor technical specification requirements, it studies the influence of the PSS on the nuclear island during the tuning test, and then proposes the technical conditions for the PSS setting test in NPU. In view of the large-scale use of semi-speed generators in NPU, it analyzes the effects between the torsional vibration frequency and PSS of semi-speed generators, and proposes new parameter settings and logic designs for PSS to solve similar problems.
An Improved Droop Control Method for Energy Storage Module of DC Microgrid
Authors: Lin J W , Wang Z X , Bao L X , Qin H
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes an improved droop control method with state of charge (SOC) balance function for energy storage module of DC microgrid. The average SOC of all energy storage modules is obtained by low bandwidth network. The SOC balance controller calculates the difference between each module’s SOC and average SOC and then adjust the droop coefficients according to the difference. As the coefficient changes, the output power of module is allocated according to its SOC and eventually achieve balance. Besides, secondary voltage controller is employed to compensate DC bus voltage drop. Also, the stability of the proposed method is studied by small-signal analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.