bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Phenol-Degrading Bacteria from Coking Wastewater
Authors: Sun Xue Kai , Ma Xi Ping , Xu Cheng Bin , Bai Jie , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2012

Phenol is the most common pollutant which can be found in several types of industries. It is highly toxic to human beings. To seek the best phenol-degrading bacteria, we collected activated sludge from an aeration tank of the coking wastewater treatment plant, Benxi Iron and Steel Corporation. Five phenol-degrading strains, designated BS3, BS4, BS23, BS28 and BS29, were isolated and screened from activated sludge. Under the conditions of initial phenol 500 mg•L-1,170 rpm and 28°C, the removal efficiencies of BS3, BS4, BS23, BS28 and BS29 strains reached to 79.6%±1.8%, 55.2%±1.0%, 62.4%±2.6%, 78.6%±2.0% and 61.2%±1.9% within 24 h, respectively. By a series of morphological and biochemical and physiological tests, the five phenol-degrading bacteria were identified. The results indicated that they were Pseudomonas spp.. Hence these strains can be effectively used for bioremediation of phenol contaminated water.
Numerical Simulation to Investigate Influence of Additional Devices on Aerodynamic Drag for Heavy-Duty Commercial Truck
Authors: Wang Xin Yu , Hu Xing Jun , Liao Lei , Li Teng Fei
Published: October 2012

To reduce the aerodynamic drag coefficient of a heavy-duty commercial truck made in China, the aerodynamic characteristics of models with additional devices are researched by adopting numerical simulation and taking a certain made-in-china truck model as research object. The mechanism and the effect of reduction of drag coefficient are analyzed and the optimization of model is gained based on contrast to the drag coefficient of base model. The results indicate that the drag coefficient descends in the most degree after roof fairing of cab is applied and the shape of roof fairing has a great influence on drag. The grille and separator can reduce drag coefficient. The research results can reduce the drag coefficients and provide the theoretical references for energy conservation and emission reduction of heavy-duty trucks
Analysis of Effect on Change Rate of Wheel Cylinder Pressure for Electro-Hydraulic Brake System of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Xing Xiu Yuan , Sun Ze Chang , Wang Meng
Published: October 2012

Based on a new type of electro-hydraulic brake system of electric vehicle, the operating principle was studied. A model of hydraulic brake system and corresponding control strategy were built with the co-simulation platform of AMESim and MATLAB. The impact factors of brake pressure change rate were analyzed theoretically. The influences of the main hydraulic parameters were analyzed through simulation, such as volume of brake fluid, type of pipe, ABS valve and brake clearance. The results provide a theoretical basis for the accurate control of wheel cylinder pressure.
Management System Construction and its Functions Analysis for Vehicle Equipment CBM
Authors: Wu Bing Jian , Zhang Zheng , Duan Peng Fei , Wang Qi
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the CBM+ technique and its ideal are applied to vehicle equipment management field, and management thinking for vehicle equipment CBM are put forward. With EQ 1118G equipment as research, characteristics of equipment management CBM are analyzed, management system for the EQ1118G CBM are constructed, the modules are set up, and their functions are given. The results provide a system framework for the vehicle equipment CBM and information zed management.
A Study on Influential Elements and Design Methods of Regional Residential Areas
Authors: Shi Jing Yuan , Zhao Wan Ming , Li Qiu Na
Published: October 2012

This paper attempts to explore design methods of residential areas that reflect regional construction from the planning, architectural design, and landscape and through extraction and analysis of influential elements of regional areas. The study aims at providing certain theoretical guidance for construction of regional areas and giving inspiration to creation of regional residential areas based on better inheritance of historical context and natural environment in the region to achieve people’s desires of a more comfortable, safer, and more sustainable living environment.
Creating Indoor Beauty of Artistic Conception
Authors: Meng Yue
Published: October 2012

Indoor beauty of artistic conception is a demonstration of indoor spiritual function and profound artistic beauty by means of modern technology and arts. The artistic beauty created brings a sentimental experience of the theme of the interior design.
A Domain in Combination of New Concept and Building Design - The Proposal of Building Design of Hospital in Bayan Nur City
Authors: Ge Lun , Han Qing
Published: October 2012

Based on the research theory of internal relations among various functional departments of a hospital building system, this paper firstly puts forward the new design concept of “functional zone, functional circle, and functional group”. This concept focuses on the optimization of medical functional flows and the improvement of service efficiency of a hospital building. The hospital design in Bayan Nur City is a domain in combination of new concept and hospital design, as well as desirably reflecting the feasibility and advancement of this concept. This concept is expected to get the recognition from hospital architects, and to realize this new concept will be general guidelines on hospital design in future.
The Ecological Engineering Mode Design for the Purification of Miniature Landscape Lake
Authors: Guo Liu , Hu Feng Mei
Published: October 2012

According to the requirement of water quality function of the miniature landscape lake, the ecological engineering mode has been used to search for the purification method of miniature landscape lake through rational design for size and density of filter feeders, plant-eating fish and aquatic higher plants. The predication results show that: The chub and bighead with the dosing density of 300 fix phosphorus 11.767 kg. The mussels with the dosing density of 0.15 fix phosphorus 1.731 kg. The phosphorus fixed by 70 grass carp and lotus is 0.192 kg and 1.5 kg. The removal of phosphorus is total 15.19 kg, which exceeds the annual phosphorus input of the lake. The prediction effect on ecological engineering mode design is ideal and it can be looked as an ideal method to purify miniature landscape lakes.
Current Preservation and Development State of Traditional Changzhen (Old Towns)’ Landscape Features
Authors: Jia Yuan Yuan , Yu Jian
Published: October 2012

Old towns is like living fossil which has accumulated rich historical connotations; the one carrying the history of a region’ political, economic, cultural and ecological changes as well as the formative art created by collective labors and wisdoms of generations. The preservation of ancient Chinese dwellings and old towns began late; many historical architectures and traditional country fairs are forcibly removed during the transformation of old cities and towns, thus ancient towns with their original historical looks are becoming less and less. In comparison, the preservation and development of old western towns started earlier than china, with rich experience, they offer good examples for china, especially the successful developing way: eco-tourism. By comparing the preservation and development of traditional Chinese towns’ landscape features to that of western ones, this paper points out that the future development of old towns rely on proper handling of the relation between preserving and the feasibility of renewing, so as to maintain the landscape features of old towns in the course of sustainable development.
The Study of Land Use Change on the Landscape Impact of Urban Water in Taihu Lake Basin - A Case Study in Urban Suzhou
Authors: Shao Yu Long , Xu You Peng , Ma Shuang Shuang
Published: October 2012

Integrated using GIS technology, the relevant principles of landscape ecology and hydrology, and choosing the landscape index such as patch number, patch area, patch density, fragmentation index, separation index and connectivity index, etc. to analyze the changes of urban water landscape in urban Suzhou. The results showed that: 1) The past 15 years, the area of the water landscape in the study area had decreased from 16.18 km2 to 5.21km2; 2) During 1980s to 2009, the patch number of the water landscape had increased, the average patch area had decreased, but the patch density, the patch separation and the fragmentation index had increased. This fully reflected the level of the water landscape fragmentation continued to increase in the study area; 3) During 1980s to 2009, the connectivity index had decreased from 0.7 to 0.44 in urban Suzhou; 4) From 1980s to 2009, the water rate had decreased about 66.21%. It leaded to the regional channel storage capacity had reduced approximately 318.44×104m3, and the per unit area of regulation and storage capacity had decreased nearly 2.25×104m3／km2.
Landscape Pattern Dynamics and Landscape Sustainability in Shenzhen City
Authors: Xun Bin , Yu De Yong , Liu Yu Peng
Published: October 2012

urbanization, land use, landscape pattern, landscape sustainability, Shenzhen Abstract. Urbanization has been a universal and irresistible trend across the world. Quantifying urban landscape pattern changes can provide detailed information to understand the urbanization process and to operationalize landscape sustainability. Combining the remotely sensed images and landscape metrics, we analyze the land use structure and landscape dynamics in a typical region of rapid urbanization in China—Shenzhen during the period of 1980-2010. The results showed that the dominant semi-natural and agricultural landscape has been fundamentally converted into the human-induced landscape. At the landscape level, the signatures of landscape dynamics exhibited a coalescence-diffusion-coalescence pattern. At the class level, the degree of fragmentation and shape complexity of four main land use types substantially increased.
Analysis of Peter Walker’s Modern-Classical Landscape Design Method
Authors: Chen Si , Ma Zi Long , Cao Lei
Published: October 2012

Influenced by Le Notre Garden, Peter Walker’s works brought forward the landscape architectural modernism movement while embracing classical elements. Most of his works have geometric and symmetrical layout with axis and specifics to sites. Modern materials, dynamic and static waterscape, geometric shaped plants and sculptures are common elements of his design. This paper analyzed the innovative style and features of Peter Walker’s five modern-classical landscape works: Burnett Park (Fort Worth, Texas, USA), Garden of Kempinski Hotel (München, German), Toyota City Museum of Art (Toyota City, Aichi, Japan), IBM Solana (Dallas, Texas, USA) and Cambridge Center Roof Garden (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA).
“R-SCP” Study on Water Conservancy Scenic Spot in China
Authors: Cai Yuan Cheng , Zhao Min
Published: October 2012

Water conservancy scenic spot (WCSS) are developing rapidly and forming industry in China, but serious government regulation (GR) phenomenon is existed. This paper used national WCSS as research object and added GR factor in SCP analysis of industrial organization theory, which forming “R-SCP” analysis method. Authors used R-SCP method analyzing WCSS industry in China, which were from GR, market structure (S), enterprise conduct (C) and market performance (P) four aspects. Some conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, GR has positive and negative effects on market structure (S), enterprise conduct (C) and market performance (P). Secondly, GR can realize orderly development of water conservancy scenic spot resources, and improve market concentration, and reduce the virulent price competition, and promote the malignant effective resource configuration. Thirdly, enterprise conduct (C) also can break through the GR, which leads to the decline of market performance (P).
Research on Landscape Design of "Negative Space" in Cold Zones Based on Eco-Stitching
Authors: Lv Fei , Yu Ting Ting
Published: October 2012

"Negative space" became the thorny problem stranded in the city , by the comprehensive factors such as over-exploitation, industrial pollution, environmental destruction and chaotic management. Through eco-stitching, from three aspects of "stitching ecology - stitching History - stitching communication space", integrated treatment of complex environments. The paper takes Fanrong Street of Majia Channel in Harbin as an example, for the cold zones ecological reconstruction in winter, improving gradually and eventually become set "history display, ecological views, leisure and disaster prevention" in one of the many functions of city open space.
The Memory and Ideals of Urban Color
Authors: Guo Hong Yu , Cai Yun Nan
Published: October 2012

The article probes the connotations of urban color, expounds the historical and cultural inheritance role of urban color,and expounds the value of urban color for the ideal urban environment construction . The article probes the application path of traditional color in modern city, provides the strategy to achieve the ideal of urban color.
Research on the Comprehensive Evaluations and of Historical Block in Small and Medium-Sized Cities of the Northeast Region - The Case Study on Tuo Huang Niu Road, Anda
Authors: Li Jing Wei , Li Qing
Published: October 2012

Study on TaHuangNiu road in AnDa by the InterSAVE research method,then the comprehensive evaluations and the probolems of the historical block are pointed out.
Application of Delphi Experts Grading Method in Scheme Selection of Landscape Bridge
Authors: Wang Guang Hui , Wei Cheng Long , Wang Bo Yu
Published: October 2012

Traditional experts method adopted in scheme selection is excessively subjective and quantitative analysis can’t be used. Based upon the basic ideas and theories of the Delphi experts grading method (abbreviate the Delphi experts grading method to ”DEGM”), this paper successfully apply DEGM in the scheme selection of landscape for a 9 spans bridge at one scenic spot, thus to achieve a good visual impact. This method gives some references for researches on the scheme selection of landscape.
Low Carbon Operation of the High Carbon Sports Venues
Authors: Cheng Xiao Duo
Published: October 2012

Now, the low carbon economy has been becoming a new economy hot issue in the world. Using the high carbon sports venues as the case, this paper defines the low carbon operation from the view of the business administration based on the operation management theory, and expresses the important meanings of the low carbon operation of the venues, meanwhile proposes the related countermeasures of low carbon operation of the high carbon sports venues depending on the value engineering theory, therefore explores the new thoughts to develop the low carbon economy in China.
Low-Carbon Design of Adjusting Measures - Reflections on Low-Carbon Residential Design Strategies in Nanjing
Authors: Lin Ying , Ye Jian Gong
Published: October 2012

Combining with the differences of traditional houses between northern and southern parts of China, this paper argues that different choices of low-carbon housing design should be chosen to adjust to different climate conditions, in which geographic characteristics and economic status should be considered. Such designs can not only reflect geographical characteristics, but also reduce the construction costs of low-carbon housing effectively, and they are also in line with local economic development. And the paper also explores viable design strategies which can adjust themselves to low-carbon housing design in Nanjing.
Suzhou Urban Expansion and its Fractal Characteristic Analysis
Authors: Fang Gang , Yang Juan , Li Qi
Published: October 2012

The Suzhou urban expansion as the research object, used the 1987,2000,2005 and2009 Landsat TM / ETM+ multi-objective remote sensing images to acquire the Suzhou urban landscape map, from the urban expansion speed, urban expansion strength, urban expansion elasticity coefficient, and the urban expansion direction to analyze the urban expansion dynamic changes, and then used the fractal model to calculate the Suzhou construction land fractal dimension and stability indexes in 1987-2009, and explored the relationship between the urban construction complexity and stability and the fractal dimension. The results show that, with the urbanization process accelerated, the construction land area in Suzhou City continued to increase, the urban expansion strength further enhanced, the urban expansion speed further accelerated, the city development direction mainly toward the north and south, southeast and northwest. The 1987-2009 urban construction land fractal dimension showed increasing -- reducing -- increasing trend, the urban construction land shape become more and more irregular, the urban construction land complexity increased, the urban construction land plaque stability decreased gradually.
Research of Land Use Efficiency in Mountainous Township Based on the Methods of DEA
Authors: He Yu , Huo Li Li
Published: October 2012

Town land is the carrier of town’s economy, society and environment, and its land use efficiency has a close relationship with town’s economic development as well as living environment construction. This study selects towns of Zigui County as research objects to explore characteristics of land use efficiency in mountain areas. The study results show that: 1) Maoping, Lianghekou, Meijiahe and Moping, of which technical efficiency and scale efficiency equal to 1, achieve the best condition of land use efficiency. 2) In Quyuan, Guizhou, Shuitianba, Xietan and Zhouping, moderately enlarging towns’ scale will be helpful to strengthen agglomeration economy effect, and improve towns land use efficiency. While in Shazhengxi, Yanglinqiao and Guojiaba, it needs to decrease these towns’ scale moderately to prevent the waste of resource. 3) Inputs’ inefficiency and outputs’ insufficiency are the main factors result in the differences of input and output efficiency. 4) Accelerate Industrial Restructuring, optimize Industrial Structure, improve service efficiency of fixed assets investments, appropriately control the scale of construction land are the most important way to improve land use efficiency in Zigui County.
Research on Spatial Pattern and Regional Path of Urban-Rural Integration for Typical Metropolitan Area, Northwestern China - Taking Xi'an as an Example
Authors: Sun Hai Jun , Zhang Pei , An Lei
Published: October 2012

This paper analyses spatial Characteristics, influencing factors, power mechanism, development intention and strategic focus based on present urban-rural development situation and problems of Xi'an metropolitan area in details. And then puts forward spatial pattern and corresponding development path for urban-rural development of Xi'an metropolitan area, so as to provide important theory and practice references for urban-rural space integration of other typical metropolitan areas in Northwestern China.
Study on Construction Strategy of New Style Architects for Qingdao City
Authors: Zhu Ning , Gao Qi , Bai Yun , Jiang Da Yong
Published: October 2012

The urban architectural style of Qingdao is tried to be formatted in this paper with appropriate way. Through analyzing the achievement of the former architectural style and the problems existing in the urban buildings, it can be concluded that the emphasis on characteristics of regional culture is especially an important way to create the urban features.
Submitting of Architectural Redundancy Concept through the Study on Changes in Per Capita Living Space Demands of Urban Residences
Authors: Shen Hai Jun , Tang Jian
Published: October 2012

At present, China is the country with the maximum quantity of annual new construction in the world, but the average life of the buildings is very short. Through the analysis of the urban per capita living space of macro data variations and individual environmental psychology, it is raised that design lacks of “redundancy" is one of the important reasons.”Redundancy" is to consider the future needs in design , "redundancy" concept is introduced in the field of architecture, for solving that our country’s building lives are generally in a short situation. It is also an important way to realize the sustainable development.
New York Metropolitan Vicinity-Ideas in Integrating Changchun and Jilin
Authors: Su Hong Wei , Zhang Guang Yuan
Published: October 2012

Regional integration will promote the flow of elements in accordance with Regional Economics, to achieve the most optimal configuration. In 2007, the Jilin Provincial Government made a strategic plan about Changchun-Jilin Integration, however, we don’t have much more experiences in China, so that this thesis analyzes the US New York Metropolitan Vicinity and indicates three outstanding features as follows: First, the evolution of planning tend to be people-oriented, focusing on the harmonious development between human and nature; Second, to build multi-level coordination and management mechanism, the semi-official organizations have the largest contribution to the development of metropolitan; Third, the evolution of the industrial structure tend to be third tilt with a larger proportion of modern service industry. Changchun-Jilin Integration should develop appropriation strategies plan based on above findings and domestic background.
Study on the Development Strategy of New District - A Case Study of the QunLi New District in Harbin
Authors: Zhao Cong Xia , Zhou Peng Guang
Published: October 2012

If a city is an organism, urban new district should be a part of the whole organic growing city. This paper takes the QunLi New District of Harbin as an example, discusses the development goal, design idea, development strategy, space layout form and development mode of the new district, puts forward a suggestion that the new district shall be a district with perfect function such as residential, commercial, industrial etc. The urban design of new district should pay special attention to the surrounding area, especially to the connection with downtown, forecast and arrange reasonably various public services facilities and infrastructure according to the population and economic development of new district, strengthen the ecological environment construction of the new district, create livable urban space with times characteristics.
Urban Construction Based on the Phenomenon of the “Niche”
Authors: Jiang Bin
Published: October 2012

Every city has its own special “niche”. The inborn geological environment, local conditions and customs, building style, historical cultural traditions, esthetic tastes, and historical human culture have formed the basis for the special “niche” of a city. The basic principle in urban planning and construction is to find out the right “niche” of the city and make full use of the natural conditions and respect the historical unity and coherence in building the city.
Evaluation Methodology of Public Transport Operators’ Management & Service in China
Authors: Wu Hong Yang , Yang Li Gai , Jiang Yu Lin , Zhang Hao Zhi
Published: October 2012

Till now, China is still short of science-based indicator system and methodology to evaluate the management and service of public transport operators. Because of this, public transport authorities and operators have no principles to follow when executing the public transport priority strategy. As a result, this paper builds up a set of evaluation indicator system in compliance with the national conditions of China, which can be used to evaluate the management of the public transport operators, to locate the problems and shortcomings of the urban public transport operators in their operations, and to help them improve their service quality. Furthermore, the evaluation indicator system can also provide basis for the government to make public transport investment decisions and allocate subsidies, balance the public transport capacity and volume, reform the make-up of the urban public transport vehicles, strengthen the supervising capacity and adopt the incentive/penalty policy for the public transport operators.
A New Continuous Flow Intersection for Urban Road: Architecture, Design, and Simulation
Authors: Liu Qiu Chen , Zhang Lun , Yang Wen Chen
Published: October 2012

In the light that heavy left-turn vehicles and oncoming vehicles conflict at conventional intersection(CI), leading to discontinuity and low efficiency of traffic flow, this paper presents a new continuous flow intersection(CFI) for urban roads. The geometry physical model and design principles of the CFI are illustrated and the CFI is designed from following three aspects: traffic space, traffic organization and traffic control. Experiments taking the CI and corresponding the CFI as the reseach objects are carried on, and performance of the proposed the CFI is validated via VISSIM. Extensive simulation results under five traffic conditions have demonstrated the potential of the proposed the CFI for improvement of traffic efficiency, and the applicability of the CFI in China is discussed considering the characteristics of domestic urban intersections and it indicates that the CFI could be applied to domestic suburb roads.
Research on Construction and Operation Mode of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Hu Yong Kai , Wang Wei , Gu Hai Yan , Zhang Jian , Qiao Li Li , Zhan Feng Ping , He Shang Lu
Published: October 2012

Intelligent Transportation Systems are highly integrated. Many government and business organizations are needed during the construction and operation process. In this paper, the task of construction and operation for ITS is discussed. Construction and operation mode is divided into government dominant mode, business dominant mode and mixed mode. These modes are compared with construction speed, information-sharing quality, service quality and economic benefits to analyze their applicability. This conclusion provides a reference for our ITS construction and operation mode selection.
Study on the Freeway Traffic Accidents Situation in China
Authors: Chen Wen Qiang
Published: October 2012

This study analyzes the Chinese freeway-fatality situation to identify areas in which the total harm caused by crashes can be substantially and readily reduced.It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current freeway -fatality situation in China using conventional indices.Results:three areas were identified in which countermeasures have the most potential to substantially reduce fatalities in China: speeding,nighttime driving, Hit rear collisions.Conclusion:While China faces unprecedented road safety issues,this report identifies major areas in which there are opportunities to greatly reduce total harm.
Optimizing Design Study on the K Value of Holistic Teaching Building Group in University
Authors: Wang Yan , Huang Lei
Published: October 2012

The K value is an important economic and technical indicator of architecture design. For the K value of the holistic teaching building group is too low, so it is needed to be optimized. By analyzing the factors which influences the K value, the paper sets up theory models, and study the K value under different corridor size of the four unit modes, then puts up with optimizing design strategy and the proper range of K value of different mode of holistic teaching building group.
City Transportation Hub Region Planning Based on the Urban Design Integrating Strategy: A Case Study of Conceptual Reform Design of the Changchun Railway Station North Area
Authors: Xu Su Ning , Zhang Dian , Cao Cong
Published: October 2012

Abstract. With the rapid urbanization and development in China, reconstruction and construction for the comprehensive transportation hub of the railway station area is underway in most city. The paper used the conceptual reform design of Changchun railway station north area as example, to describe that how to improve integral image and environmental quality by urban design integrating strategy. The purpose is to maximize the function of the transport hub area and to reach reasonable evacuation traffic flow, thus create a transit-oriented composite development project with dynamic and sustainable by function and space integration.
Application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast in the Training for Air Traffic Controller
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Pan Wei Jun , Luo Jun
Published: October 2012

The application of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) in the training for air traffic controller is investigated in the presented work. ADS-B is a surveillance technology for tracking aircraft as part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). Compared to radar, ADS-B system has many advantages such as lower deployment cost, higher accuracy and more frequently update. As surveillance method transits from radar surveillance to ADS-B surveillance, the training for air traffic controller should incorporate ADS-B system correspondingly. In the presented work, the features of ADS-B are introduced as well as the structure of ADS-B system is illustrated, and a novel framework for training air traffic controller with ADS-B system is proposed. It is seen that air traffic controller can be trained with lower cost, shorter period and more flexibility compared to that with radar surveillance.
A Hierarchical Approach to the Capacitated Single Allocation p-Hub Median Problem with Direct Shipment
Authors: Sun Ji Ung , Baek Don Ki
Published: October 2012

In this paper we consider a capacitated single allocation p-hub median problem with direct shipment (CSApHMPwD). We determine the location of p hubs, the allocation of non-hub nodes to hubs, and direct shipment paths in the network. This problem is formulated as 0-1 integer programming model with the objective of the minimum total transportation cost and the fixed cost associated with the establishment of hubs. An optimal solution is found using CPLEX for the small sized problems. Since the CSApHMPwD is NP-hard, it is difficult to obtain optimal solution within a reasonable computational time. Therefore, an ant colony optimization algorithm is developed which solves hub selection and node allocation problem hierarchically. Its performance is examined through a comparative study. The experimental results show that the proposed ant colony optimization algorithm can be a viable solution method for the capacitated hub and spoke network design problem.
Pricing Strategy of Public and Individual Competition Transportation System
Authors: Wu Lin Lin , Zhang Luo , Ge Hui Min
Published: October 2012

In the inter-city traffic modes, individual traffic (one person per car) and public transport are the most prevailing means of transportation which have access to the same traffic route. The two traffic modes intervene with each other and result in transport bottlenecks frequently. Based on the above practical situation in the urban traffic, this paper develops the model of transport bottlenecks. This essay establishes the generalized travel cost models of these two traffic modes respectively. The essay analyses the balance point between public transport and individual traffic. It deduces and compares the change of traffic flow and travel cost of individual traffic and that of public transport under static and dynamic pricing policies. This paper deepens people’s understanding of the issues on division of competitive system. Based on the analysis, the paper proposes that from the perspective of sustainable development the government should guide passengers to choose the appropriate traffic mode and adopt the policy of dynamic toll to promote the sustainable development in the area.
Research on Vehicles’ Detouring Route Choice Behavior under Traffic Accident Conditions
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Ma A Jin , Xu Fa Yao , Yin Hao Qi
Published: October 2012

In order to determine the impact area and impact degree of traffic accidents, we made this research. We divided vehicles’ detouring behavior under traffic accident conditions into two stages and studied them respectively. The two stages are the initial detouring route choice and the route choice after vehicles reach the normal network. For the first stage, we firstly analyzed the particularity of vehicles’ detouring behavior, on the basis of which we determined the detouring process. Then, combing with an example, we calculated the “utilities” of alternative paths using the “prospect theory”, and used the result to determine vehicles’ initial detouring route. For the second stage, we suggested using the traditional traffic assignment methods, with reasons given. In this paper, a combination of the “prospect theory” and the traditional traffic assignment methods is used. The result helps to study vehicles’ detouring behavior and traffic accidents’ impact.
Study on Traffic Guidance Model on Emergency Based on Road Net Frangibility
Authors: Wang Fu , Li Jie , Zhao Wen Bin
Published: October 2012

On emergency, traffic guidance can evacuate traffic flow quickly. But, traffic guidance model on normality is not suit to emergency, it need be improved. According to road net characteristic on emergency, this paper brings road net frangibility forward, and inducts it to traffic guidance model, traffic guidance model on emergency based on road net frangibility is founded, and this model is demarcated by real data. At last, traffic guidance model on normality and emergency are applied, the result indicates: traffic flow is more uniform by improved model, improved model is fit for traffic guidance on emergency.
Agglomeration and Continue of Pieces of Historical Buildings
Authors: Xu Fan , Tang Yu , Hao Ou
Published: October 2012

This article expound that, piece of historical buildings which witness urban developmental venation are facing the questions in nowadays urban development, although historical buildings embody corporality, but they contain spirit speciality, they regard something according with the trend of social development as the gist, put forward that historical buildings’ criterion and form to be reserved. Of course it is important to reserve the historical buildings, but it is not the only way to reserve them, the deep-seated meanings to reserve is in order to continue, so it is the key and soul to continue the connotation of piece of historical buildings. This article expound with example that there are two side in continuing content, those are physical layer and psychic layer, and the form to continue which is look for the jumping-off point of continuing from history, by this way we can obtain logistic extend in physical layer. This is an open system, this article summarize several sides about it and to prove them with example, and to exploit point of view and manner of thinking in urban construction and development.
Finding Key Stations of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System by a Improved K-Means Algorithm
Authors: Xu Hai Tao , Wu Hao , Fang Xu Jian , Zhang Wan Jun
Published: October 2012

In China, Hangzhou is the first city to set up the Public Bicycle System. Now, the System has been the largest bike- sharing program in the world. The software of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System was developed by our team. There are many and many technology problems in the decision of intelligent dispatch. Among of these problems, determining how to find the key stations to give special care is very important. In this paper, a improved k-means algorithm is used to recognize the key stations of Hangzhou Public Bicycle System. At first, by passing over the two week’s real data, a rent-return database is initialed. Then the algorithm builds minimum spanning tree and splits it to gets k initial cluster centers. The key stations are determined from the rent-return database by the algorithm. Practice examples and comparison with the traditional k-means algorithm are made. The results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust. The research result has been applied in Hangzhou.
The Empirical Study on the Relationships among the Times of Lane-Changing, Speed and Density of Traffic Flow - For Level of Service Two in Different Lanes of Weaving Area of Urban Expressway
Authors: Xie Han , Jiang Yang Sheng , Zhu Juan Xiu , Lu Xi Zhao
Published: October 2012

This paper analyzed the statistical relationships among lane-changing, speed and density of traffic flow in different lanes of urban expressway weaving area under a given traffic condition and LOS two. A series of models was recommended. And then, the effectiveness between the recommended model and the existing model was compared. Although the optimization effect not very clear, but it shows that the lane-changing factors have some effects .
The AHP FIS Ship Handling Model for Determining Ferry Transportation Safety
Authors: Arif Priadi Antoni , Tjahjono Tri , Benabdelhafid Abdellatif
Published: October 2012

The operation of ship especially Ro-Ro ferry contributes much to support connectivity among islands for a country like Indonesia which has categorized as archipelago country. The reliability of Ro-Ro ferry operation will impact to the movement of cargo as well as passenger and later it could cause larger impact on the economic sustainability of region involved. The reliability of Ro-Ro ferry operation could be determined by operation function such ferry. One important function is ship handling function which consists of the interaction among human, technical, environment, management and weather. As the consequence to perform the objective of ship handling, the hazards might appear. It could be remarked that ferry accidents often occur during their service e.g. collision, grounding, sinking and contact. Such accident may be as part of the result of ship handling difficulty as part of ship handling function. Therefore, decision tool model based on the ship handling difficulty need to be developed. The first aim of this paper is to present the proposed ship handling model through the combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The second aim is to perform a simulation to compare the ship handling difficulty level for Ro-Ro ferry at several straits in Indonesia. The result of this research might be used by ship masters, shipping companies and port authorities to develop strategies in overcome the hazard of Ro-Ro ferries so the reliability of ferry operation could be maintained.
Optimal Tolling Strategies and Concession Period Required for Build-Operate-Transfer Road Projects in Network with Demand Uncertainty by Vehicle Types
Authors: Xu Liang
Published: October 2012

In view of uncertainty of traffic demand by vehicle types during the concession period, the toll charges of these BOT roads should be time-dependent and varied for different vehicle types by time of the concession period so as to maximize the system performance.It can be formulated as a bi-level programming problem. At the upper level, the objective is to maximize the social surplus combining of consumer surplus and the investor’s net profit. With taking account the demand elasticity in respect to the toll variability and incorporating the demand uncertainty into the revenue-cost constraint, the lower level is a multi-class reliability-based stochastic user equilibrium model. A genetic solution algorithm is adopted for solving the bi-level programming problem. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the applications of the proposed model and solution algorithm and some conclusions are drawn.
Study on Capabilities of Hydropower Development Project
Authors: Wang Jia Ning , Tang Wen Zhe , Li Yu Xuan , Shen Yong Mei
Published: October 2012

The competence model is commonly used for study of an enterprise’s capabilities related to performance in the specific background. However, there is no analysis on capability index system and project performance indicator system of owners as large hydropower development enterprises in the former studies on the competence-based organizational capacity. In this paper, the owner’s capability index system related to the performance is put forth by studying the capability factors of a large hydropower development enterprise, and verified in our analyses on them. So, the constituent elements of the owner’s capability can be revealed.
Application of Hydropower Unit Governor Islanding Control Methods in the Xiaowan Direct Current Island System
Authors: Cai Xiao Feng , Zhang Hong Tao , Rong Hong , Lio Cheng Bin , Zhu Xiang , Zhong Zhi , Zhang Lei , Gong Deng Wei , Ji Zheng Tang , Cai Wei Jiang
Published: October 2012

This paper, starting from the professional point of view of turbine governor and according to various data in the test, presents a preliminary analysis of results in combination of various tests competed after Xiaowan Power Station 700MW hydropower unit speed governor was put into island mode operation after the Chu Hui direct current line was off-stream (trial). Meanwhile, it describes the adjustment that the speed control system should make once the power system is in the island mode, including the conversion of the control mode, the switch of control parameter and optimization of control algorithm, focuses on analyzing the optimization of control strategy of the speed governor in the island mode, and discusses the active and speed adjustment method of the units and the associated performance indicators.
The Non-Equidistant Grey GRM(1,1) Model Based on Reciprocal Accumulated Generating
Authors: Zou Rui Biao , Yi Wei , Mou Zou Xin
Published: October 2012

Applying the reciprocal accumulated generating and the constructing background value of non-equidistant sequence of GRM(1,1) model based on fitting the first accumulated generating sequence with non-homogeneous exponential law for the problem of lower precision as well as lower adaptability in non-equidistant GM(1,1) model, the calculation formulas were deduced and a non-equidistant GRM(1,1) model generated by reciprocal accumulated was put forward. The grey GRM(1,1) model can be used in non-equidistant interval & equidistant interval time series and has the characteristic of high precision as well as high adaptability. Example validates the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.
Study on the Downstream Surface Flow Pattern Critical Water Depth of the Hydropower Station
Authors: Zhao Hai Jing , Li Dan Xun , Wang Xing Kui
Published: October 2012

Through hydraulic model test of Tianqiao hydropower station reinforcement project, the empirical equations of the surface flow pattern critical water depth were proposed and validated. Some factors affecting the change of the surface flow pattern critical water depth were analyzed. The results show that the critical water depth values will decrease gradually when the nose angle change from zero degree to fifteen degrees. Lengthening the protection-apron and flow expansion will result in the ascent of the critical water depth values, which will descend if the bed level is reduced or the nose height is increased.
Stability Calculation of High Side Slope of Diversion Power System Inlet on Left Bank of Jinchuan Power Station
Authors: Tang Liang Qin , Liu Dong Yan , Li Yong Jian
Published: October 2012

The diversion power system intake excavation of Jinchuan Hydropower Station forms a slope of about 160m height; its stability is one of the main geological problems of the project. By detailed site investigation, the engineering geological characteristics of intake slope (including the lithology, slope structure, the structural surface and its combinations, rock weathering and unloading, hydrology etc) is analyzed in this paper. On the basis of site slope ratio statistics, the problem of how to select a safe and economic excavation slope ratio has been studied. The finite element method and rigid limit equilibrium method were used to calculate and analyze slope stability under various working conditions. The results of analysis evaluation provide a scientific basis for the design and construction.
Effects of Water Temperature on Clinging Flow of Rectangular Sharp-Crested Weir
Authors: Ji Yan Jun , Zhang Xin , Zhai Hai Feng , Ren Dong Yang , Hua Ling
Published: October 2012

Surface tension associated with temperature is usually considered non-negligible to affect discharge capacity of sharp-crested weir when head is low. In the study, a two-dimensional numerical model verified by experiments was applied to simulate the effect of water temperature on discharge capacity of clinging flow for a rectangular sharp-crested weir at low head levels. The results showed that with a same flow rate, differences in the elevation of free surface were minimal between different temperature levels despite a slightly higher elevation of free surface at lower water temperature. The head-discharge relationships were very similar for different temperature levels. This study concluded that the effect of water temperature on head-discharge relationships and the discharge capacity of clinging flow for a rectangular sharp-crested weir was negligible at low heads.
Vertical Distribution of Turbulence Shear Stress During Tidal Period
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Song Zhi Yao
Published: October 2012

Turbulence shear stress is an important dynamic characteristic of flow in tidal channel. In the paper, the new vertical distribution of the tidal turbulence shear stress, which can reflect the development of the stress profile over the tidal period, is proposed. The comparison between computed result and the data from field and experiment measurements indicates that the proposed vertical distribution which agrees well with the measurements can well depict the upward concave distribution in phase of accelerating process and upward convex in phase of decelerating process. Through analyzing the amplitude and phase variation along the depth on different conditions, it is found that it is the nondimensional parameter , namely the ratio of tidal period, turbulence intensity and water depth that determines the form of turbulence shear stress distribution during tidal period.
Stabilization and L2 Disturbance Control Based on Generalized Hamiltonian Model of Hydro Turbine Generating Sets
Authors: Zeng Yun , Zhang Li Xiang , Qian Jing , Zhang Cheng Li , Wang Yu
Published: October 2012

The hydro turbine generating sets model exists uncertainty in structure and parameters due to its complex structure and operating states multiformity. Especially, the adaptability and robustness of controller is more important for the stabilization control at equilibrium point under given output. Based on Hamiltonian control model of nonlinear hydro turbine generating sets, the L2 disturbance attenuation control is added into the stabilization control to restrain disturbance from model and structure parameters in this paper. The L2 additional control is proved to be asymptotic stability, and its control low is derived. Simulation results show that adding L2 additional control, system can stable to given equilibrium point and has more adaptability and robustness.
Fuzzy PID Control for Valve-Controlled Cylinder Hydraulic System
Authors: Liu Yan Jun , Xie Yu Dong , Wang Hui
Published: October 2012

A valve-controlled cylinder hydraulic system is used widely in engineering. The principle of the valve-controlled cylinder hydraulic system is presented. The fuzzy PID controller of valve-controlled cylinder hydraulic system is designed, and the simulation model is built. Based on the model, simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that the PID controller parameters can change with the variations of control error and control-error change rate according to fuzzy reasoning, the response error of valve-controlled cylinder is kept in a range of -0.06～0.1cm, and the required control accuracy can be obtained.