bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charge transfer ionic character illustration for strontium hydride ion through a diabatic investigation
Authors: Mejrissi Leila , Habli Héla , Oujia Brahim , Gadéa Florent Xavier
Published: August 2018

Adiabatic and diabatic studies are performed for the strontium hydride ion (SrH)+. Potential energy surface and electric dipole moment for the ground and all excited states dissociating up to the charge transfer ionic limit Sr2+H− have been investigated and analyzed in adiabatic and diabatic representations. The adiabatic approach uses the pseudo potential for the strontium atom complemented by core polarization potential operators, reducing the calculation to a two effective electrons system where full configuration interaction can be easily performed. The adiabatic results have been improved by a simple correction of the hydrogen electron affinity for all 1Σ+ states. The diabatic results reveal the strong imprint of the charge transfer ionic state in the 1Σ+ adiabatic states.
On controller design for systems on manifolds in Euclidean space
Authors: Chang Dong Eui
Published: August 2018

A new method is developed to design controllers in Euclidean space for systems defined on manifolds. The idea is to embed the state‐space manifold M of a given control system into some Euclidean space
, extend the system from M to the ambient space
, and modify it outside M to add transversal stability to M in the final dynamics in
. Controllers are designed for the final system in the ambient space
. Then, their restriction to M produces controllers for the original system on M. This method has the merit that only one single global Cartesian coordinate system in the ambient space
is used for controller synthesis, and any controller design method in
, such as the linearization method, can be globally applied for the controller synthesis. The proposed method is successfully applied to the tracking problem for the following two benchmark systems: the fully actuated rigid body system and the quadcopter drone system.
Code phase discrimination function shaping method for Compass B1C QMBOC (6,1,4/33) signal
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Li Wengang
Published: August 2018

The discrimination function shaping method has been proposed to improve the anti‐multipath performance for a global navigation satellite system receiver. However, the existing methods fail to fully exploit the potential anti‐multipath performance of multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC)–modulated signals. In this paper, a code phase discrimination function shaping method is proposed for a Compass B1C quadrature MBOC‐modulated signal. The in‐phase binary offset carrier (BOC) (1,1) signal and quadrature‐phase BOC (6,1) signal replicas are designed according to the least squares estimation. Then a shifted cross‐correlation function (CCF) between the in‐phase BOC (1,1) signal and its pseudorandom noise code is multiplied with the obtained CCFs to ensure an unambiguous tracking. Finally, a discrimination function with a small pull‐in range can be obtained by a weighed combination of the in‐phase and quadrature‐phase CCFs. A computer simulation is conducted to assess the performances under multipath and thermal noise conditions.
Analysis of microstructural properties, energy band structure, and defect levels of ZnS films obtained from micro‐controlled SILAR method
Authors: V K Ashith , Rao Gowrish K.
Published: August 2018

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by micro‐controller‐based successive ion layer adsorption and reaction method using ZnCl2 as a precursor. The films were found to be polycrystalline. The crystallite size of the films increased with the increase in both precursor concentration and immersion cycles. The increased crystallite size resulted in the reduction of grain boundary defects which, in turn, improved the electrical properties of the films. The energy band structure of the films was analysed using absorbance and photoluminescence spectra. The films displayed strong absorption for wavelengths less than 400 nm indicating the presence of a wide bandgap with shallow defect levels near the band edges. The bandgap of the films was estimated to be between 3.3 and 3.5 eV. The photoluminescence spectra of the films exhibited a prominent excitonic peak at around 3.33 eV. The defect level emissions were observed at around 3.1, 2.92, 2.76, and 2.64 eV. These emissions were attributed to the transitions from localized zinc and sulphur vacancy levels and interstitial states. An energy band diagram of the films was drawn based on the result of optical and photoluminescence studies.
Mechanistic and Kinetic Study on the Reaction of Thiophene (C4H4S) with O(3P)
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Sun Yuxi , Huang Baomei , Wang Zhiguo
Published: August 2018

The mechanism for the reaction of Thiophene + O(3P) has been investigated using BMC‐CCSD//M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) method in combination with multichannel Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus theory and transition‐state theory. The title reaction included three manners, namely, α‐C‐addition, β‐C‐addition, and direct H‐abstraction. The rate constants and branching ratios for eight product channels are calculated. It is predicted that the formation of P1 is dominant at the whole temperature range. The formation of P4+H channel may become competitive at some temperature range. The total rate constants show pressure‐independent, while the individual rate constants were affected by pressure.
Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Zinc‐Telluride Composite: Towards Large‐Area Optoelectronic and Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Chakraborty Koushik , Ghosh Surajit , Pal Tanusri
Published: August 2018

We have studied the photo current generation, conduction mechanism and photocatalytic activity in reduced graphene oxide – zinc telluride (RGO‐ZnTe) composite synthesized by simple low‐cost one pot single step solvothermal reaction. The photo responsivity of the RGO‐ZnTe composite thin film photodetector shows 3 orders of magnitude higher compared to controlled‐ZnTe under simulated solar light illumination. A linear variation of photosensitivity with the incident illumination intensity was observed. The electrical conduction measurement of the composite in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz was carried out in the temperature range of 298−393 K. The direct current (DC) conductivity of the RGO‐ZnTe composite follows Arrhenius relationship. The scaling of conductivity spectra shows the temperature‐independent nature of the conduction mechanism in the RGO‐ZnTe composite. As prepared RGO‐ZnTe composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic efficiency toward the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) under simulated solar light irradiation in compared to the controlled‐ZnTe. The synergy of ZnTe and RGO in achieving improved photocatalytic Rh B degradation has also been studied.
Coordination Polymers of Indium/Copper Selenolates and the Preparation of Metal Selenides
Authors: Pal Manoj K. , Dey Sandip , Wadawale Amey P. , Kushwah Nisha , Kumar Mukesh , Jain Vimal K.
Published: August 2018

The reactions of InCl3 with Na{Se(CH2)nNMe2} in 1:2 stoichiometry yielded complexes of composition [InCl{Se(CH2)nNMe2}2] (n=2 (1) or 3 (2)). Treatment of Me2InCl with Na(4‐SeC5H4N) afforded [Me2In(4‐SeC5H4N)]n (3). Copper complex [(PEt3)2Cu2(4‐SeC5H4N)2]n (4) was synthesized from CuCl, PEt3 and Na(4‐SeC5H4N). These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Solid‐state structures of 3 and 4 revealed the formation of one‐ and two‐dimensional co‐ordination polymer which is formed via Se and N atoms of selenolate ligand. Thermal studies of these complexes have been carried out in a furnace or oleylamine to give thin film or nano‐materials of In2Se3, Cu1.8Se and CuInSe2.
Amidic Coupling in the Synthesis of Pyrroloquinoline 4‐ and 9‐Carboxamides as Potential STAT3 Inhibitors
Authors: Carta Davide , Dal Prà Matteo , Grazia Ferlin Maria
Published: August 2018

The work describes the synthesis and characterization of a small series of pyrroloquinoline carboxamide derivatives considered on the STX‐0119 model, a known inhibitor of STAT3 (Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) by interacting with SH2 domain. The scope was to learn SARs and possibly obtain active new compounds for cancer therapy. To this aim, the quinoline scaffold of the lead compound STX‐0119 was modified into the pyrroloquinoline tricycle to obtain two subsets of carboxamide derivatives showing different angular geometry 3H‐pyrrolo[3, 2‐f] and 7H‐pyrrolo[2, 3‐h]quinolines. Successful synthesis of thirty compounds was carried out, adopting methods using both convergent and linear pathways. Amidic coupling chemistry was applied to pyrroloquinoline carboxylic acids to generate the desired carboxamides of aromatic and aliphatic primary and secondary amines. Full physico‐chemical characterization including predicted LogP and LogD of all compounds was accomplished. The biological screening of antiproliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines by MTT test revealed low or no activity.
Nickel Nanoparticles Stabilized by Trisimidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Recyclable Catalysts for the Reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Fernández Guillem , Sort Jordi , Pleixats Roser
Published: August 2018

Nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) from 10 to 17 nm have been prepared by hydrogenation of Ni(COD)2 (3 bar H2, 70 °C) in the presence of trisimidazolium salts (iodide and tetrafluoroborate). The nanoparticles have been structurally and compositionally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution (HR) TEM, electron diffraction (ED), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis. Magnetic measurements reveal that, as expected, the Ni NPs are superparamagnetic at room temperature. These nanomaterials prove efficient as magnetically recoverable catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes with hydrazine as hydrogen donor. Their superparamagnetic character also ensures no interparticle aggregation once the external magnetic field is removed.
Securing human‐to‐thing interactions in the Internet of Things with asymmetric and selective mechanism
Authors: Sahraoui Somia , Bilami Azeddine
Published: August 2018

Ensuring security for communications, services, devices, and end‐users has been and continues to be a major concern in today's Internet. Recently, with the growing research advances toward the realization of the Internet of Things (IoT), security concerns are expected to rise substantially. This is due to the fact that a sheer number of tiny wireless and smart devices, handling personal and contextual data, will be connected permanently to the Internet. The connected things are henceforth able to interact autonomously with each other and with their users. This paper focuses on Human‐to‐Thing (H2T) interactions that are necessary in many important IoT applications, namely E‐healthcare, connected home, smart cities, and so on. Such a communication style is characterized by many technological and material heterogeneities, which exposes the connected (and already constrained) things to Denial of Service (DoS) threats and makes security more challenging. This paper addresses the security issue with H2T communications and presents an asymmetric‐selective mechanism to guarantee effective protection of such communication style while ensuring good resilience against DoS attacks. The assessment results show the efficiency of our proposal.
An improved random forest model of short‐term wind‐power forecasting to enhance accuracy, efficiency, and robustness
Authors: Shi Kunpeng , Qiao Ying , Zhao Wei , Wang Qing , Liu Menghua , Lu Zongxiang
Published: August 2018

Short‐term wind‐power forecasting methods like neural networks are trained by empirical risk minimization. The local optimum and overfitting problem is likely to occur in the model‐training stage, leading to the poor ability of reasoning and generalization in the prediction stage. To solve the problem, a model of short‐term wind power forecasting is proposed based on 2‐stage feature selection and a supervised random forest in the paper. First, in data preprocessing, some redundant features can be removed by a variable importance measure method and intimate samples can be selected based on relevant analysis, so that the efficiency of model training and the correlation degree between input and output samples can be enhanced. Second, an improved supervised random forest (RF) methodology is proposed to compose a new RF based on evaluating the performance of each decision tree and restructuring the decision trees. A new index of external validation in correlation with wind speed in numerical weather prediction has been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the internal validation index that seriously depends on the training samples. The simulation examples have verified the rationality and feasibility of the improvement. Case studies of measured data from a wind farm have shown that the proposed model has a better performance than the original RF, back propagation neural network, Bayesian network, and support vector machine, in aspects of ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and robustness, and especially if there is high rate of noisy data and wind power curtailment duration in the historical data.
Aligning mountain lion hunting seasons to mitigate orphaning dependent kittens
Authors: O'malley Connor , Elbroch L. Mark , Kusler Anna , Peziol Michelle , Quigley Howard
Published: August 2018

Hunting results in direct numerical effects and numerous indirect effects on game species. One indirect effect occurs when a female is killed; and as a consequence, her dependent offspring die, negatively affecting recruitment rates. The mountain lion (Puma concolor) is a hunted species across much of its range. It is almost always illegal to harvest a female with dependent young; however, females frequently travel separately from their kittens, and the occasional unintentional harvest of females with dependent young is unavoidable. We studied the denning periods for female mountain lions in northwest Wyoming, USA, from June 2001 to December 2016, but more intensively between January 2013 and December 2016 with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. During the intensive period, we measured the amount of time females spent away from the den, distance and time females traveled during each foraging trip, and distance traveled during the entire denning period. We also compared the timing of dens with mountain lion hunting seasons. We recorded parturition dates between 6 June and 4 November. On average, females utilized 4.2 ± 0.5 (SE) dens/denning period, with denning periods persisting 45.8 ± 2.6 (SE) days. The average total distance traveled by females during their 6‐week denning period was 154 km (±18.8 km). On average, females were closest or most likely to be with their kittens at 1600, and furthest from den sites at 0200 and 0600. Utilizing our mean denning period of 46 days, delaying mountain lion hunting until 1 November would avoid the denning period for 85% of dens, and delaying until 1 December would avoid 91% (n = 31). Our research provides information to guide managers in aligning hunting seasons to mitigate orphaning kittens when they are youngest and most vulnerable, and provide hunters the best opportunities to detect and protect dependent young. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
An almost elementary Higgs: theory and practice
Authors: Barducci Daniele , De Curtis Stefania , Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We study models that interpolate between an elementary and a composite Higgs boson. Such models, arising in theories with new vector-like fermions with electroweak quantum numbers and charged under a confining gauge interaction, are entirely compatible with current data, with only weak bounds from flavor, CP-violation and precision tests. After classifying the models from the point of view of symmetries, we study their collider phenomenology at LHC. In the most relevant scenarios, bounds from present searches exclude heavy scalar isospin triplets and quintuplets up to ∼ 200 GeV and we show how dedicated searches of simple signals such as pp → 3γW could improve the reach by at least a factor of 2 with present data, reaching O(1 TeV) with higher integrated luminosities. States that mix with the SM Higgs can be tested in a variety of final states, such as 2b2γ searches relevant for double Higgs production.
The Quality of Online Resources Available to Patients Interested in Knee Biologic Therapies is Poor
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Rauck Ryan C. , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Nwachukwu Chukwuma , Schairer William W. , Williams Riley J. , Altchek David W. , Allen Answorth A.
Published: August 2018

Background

As the use of biologic therapies for the management of knee pathology continues to expand, it is more likely that patients will turn to the Internet to gather information on this topic. Given the lack of scientific consensus on the use of biologics, care providers must understand what information is available online.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of websites that patients may use to educate themselves on knee biologics.

Methods

Websites were identified using search terms relevant to multiple biologic therapies available for knee pathology. Websites were scored based on an author-derived grading rubric, with a total of 25 possible points relating to the role of knee biologics in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of knee pathology. Websites were categorized based on the source (e.g., physician-operated website vs. industry-related website). Reading level was assessed with the Flesch-Kincaid readability test.

Results

The initial search yielded 375 results, with 96 websites meeting final inclusion criteria. Mean website score was poor, at 6.01 of the 25 possible points (24.0%). Physician websites were the most common, with 60% of the articles identified. Industry-related websites scored the lowest (mean, 3.2 ± 0.97) while hospital-related websites scored the highest (mean, 8.3 ± 2.93). Overall, websites published from hospitals or orthopedic professional societies had significantly higher scores than other websites. The search term “knee PRP” yielded higher-quality results than “knee platelet rich plasma.” Similarly, “knee BMAC” led to better results than “knee bone marrow aspirate concentrate.” The average reading level was 11.4.

Conclusion

Many online resources are available for patients seeking information about knee biologic therapies, but the quality of websites identified was very poor. Patients should be counseled that the information available online for knee biologic therapy is unreliable. Surgeons should play an increased role in providing resources to patients and educating them on biologic options.
Emotional and cognitive correlates of hating among adolescents: An exploratory study
Authors: Pace Ugo , Passanisi Alessia , D'Urso Giulio
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The phenomenon of hate is becoming common among adolescents, but is little investigated by literature. Typically the haters leave their insults on the victim's social pages to denigrate another person, famous or not. In the literature, to date, there are no scientific studies that have explored psychological variables linked to these behaviors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological correlates of pathological worry and cognitive distortions (CD) related to hating behaviors.

Methods

Participants (202 female and 200 male, mean age 14.9) of this study completed the Hating Adolescents Test (HAT), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the How I Think Questionnaire (HITQ).

Results

Preliminary results show significant gender differences in the variables of the study: on hating and CD “minimizing,” males reported higher scores than females, and females scored higher than males on pathological worry. The mediation model suggests that the CD “assuming the worst” is a mediator in the relationships between pathological worry and hating behaviors.

Conclusions

The study suggests how the tendency towards pathological worry influences hatred among adolescents, but a relevant component is represented by the tendency to distort information and to consider ambiguous situations as hostile. The implications of these findings for future theoretical and empirical research in this field are discussed.
Porvair Filtration helps develop membrane-based filter for life-saving water bottle
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: August 2018

Porvair Filtration Group, which develops and supplies high performance, materials and products for applications in filtration and separation, has been working with a UK company to help it develop a filter for a “collapsible” water bottle. The product aims to greatly improve the quality of water available for human consumption in a range of complicated environments or situations.
Evolution of a functional taxonomy of career pathways for biomedical trainees
Authors: Mathur Ambika , Brandt Patrick , Chalkley Roger , Daniel Laura , Labosky Patricia , Stayart Constance , Meyers Frederick J.
Published: August 2018

Several reports have shown that doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in biomedical research pursue diverse careers that advance science meaningful to society. Several groups have proposed 3-tier career taxonomy to showcase these outcomes. This 3-tier taxonomy will be a valuable resource for institutions committed to greater transparency in reporting outcomes, to not only be transparent in reporting their own institutional data but also to lend greater power to a central repository.
Evolutionary rates of mid-Permian tetrapods from South Africa and the role of temporal resolution in turnover reconstruction
Authors: Day Michael O. , Benson Roger B. J. , Kammerer Christian F. , Rubidge Bruce S.
Published: August 2018

The Main Karoo Basin of South Africa contains a near-continuous sequence of continental deposition spanning ~80 Myr from the mid-Permian to the Early Jurassic. The terrestrial vertebrates of this sequence provide a high-resolution stratigraphic record of regional origination and extinction, especially for the mid–late Permian. Until now, data have only been surveyed at coarse stratigraphic resolution using methods that are biased by nonuniform sampling rates, limiting our understanding of the dynamics of diversification through this important time period. Here, we apply robust methods (gap-filler and modified gap-filler rates) for the inference of patterns of species richness, origination rates, and extinction rates to a subset of 1321 reliably-identified fossil occurrences resolved to approximately 50 m stratigraphic intervals. This data set provides an approximate time resolution of 0.3–0.6 Myr and shows that extinction rates increased considerably in the upper 100 m of the mid-Permian Abrahamskraal Formation, corresponding to the latest part of theTapinocephalusAssemblage Zone (AZ). Origination rates were only weakly elevated in the same interval and were not sufficient to compensate for these extinctions. Subsampled species richness estimates for the lower part of the overlying Teekloof Formation (corresponding to thePristerognathusandTropidostomaAZs) are low, showing that species richness remained low for at least 1.5–3 million years after the main extinction pulse. A high unevenness of the taxon abundance–frequency distribution, which is classically associated with trophically unstable postextinction faunas, in fact developed shortly before the acme of elevated extinction rates due to the appearance and proliferation of the dicynodontDiictodon. Our findings provide strong support for a Capitanian (“end-Guadalupian”) extinction event among terrestrial vertebrates and suggest that further high-resolution quantitative studies may help resolve the lack of consensus among paleobiologists regarding this event.
Recruiting large online samples in the United States and India: Facebook, Mechanical Turk, and Qualtrics
Authors: Boas Taylor C. , Christenson Dino P. , Glick David M.
Published: August 2018

This article examines online recruitment via Facebook, Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and Qualtrics panels in India and the United States. It compares over 7300 respondents—1000 or more from each source and country—to nationally representative benchmarks in terms of demographics, political attitudes and knowledge, cooperation, and experimental replication. In the United States, MTurk offers the cheapest and fastest recruitment, Qualtrics is most demographically and politically representative, and Facebook facilitates targeted sampling. The India samples look much less like the population, though Facebook offers broad geographical coverage. We find online convenience samples often provide valid inferences into how partisanship moderates treatment effects. Yet they are typically unrepresentative on such political variables, which has implications for the external validity of sample average treatment effects.
Comprehensive review on the molecular genetics of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH)
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Kazmi Syeda Khushbakht , Amin Mariyam , Asif Zainab , Islam Ushna , Shahid Kinza , Tehreem Sana
Published: August 2018

Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is an autosomal recessive sporadic neurodevelopmental ailment with a trivial head size characteristic that is below 3–4 standard deviations. MCPH is the smaller upshot of an architecturally normal brain; a significant decrease in size is seen in the cerebral cortex. At birth MCPH presents with non-progressive mental retardation, while secondary microcephaly (onset after birth) presents with and without other syndromic features. MCPH is a neurogenic mitotic syndrome nevertheless pretentious patients demonstrate normal neuronal migration, neuronal apoptosis and neural function. Eighteen MCPH loci (MCPH1–MCPH18) have been mapped to date from various populations around the world and contain the following genes:Microcephalin,WDR62,CDK5RAP2,CASC5,ASPM,CENPJ,STIL,CEP135,CEP152,ZNF335,PHC1,CDK6,CENPE,SASS6,MFSD2A,ANKLE2,CITandWDFY3, clarifying our understanding about the molecular basis of microcephaly genetic disorder. It has previously been reported that phenotype disease is caused by MCB gene mutations and the causes of this phenotype are disarrangement of positions and organization of chromosomes during the cell cycle as a result of mutated DNA, centriole duplication, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control and the cell cycle checkpoint having some invisible centrosomal process that can manage the number of neurons that are produced by neuronal precursor cells. Furthermore, researchers inform us about the clinical management of families that are suffering from MCPH. Establishment of both molecular understanding and genetic advocating may help to decrease the rate of this ailment. This current review study examines newly identified genes along with previously identified genes involved in autosomal recessive MCPH.
Early blowing in raw goats’ milk cheese: gas production capacity of Enterobacteriaceae species present during manufacturing and ripening
Authors: Tabla Rafael , Gómez Antonia , Simancas Alfredo , Rebollo José Emilio , Molina Felipe , Roa Isidro
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the main Enterobacteriaceae species responsible for early gas blowing during curdling and the first week of ripening in raw goats’ milk cheese. Two batches of raw goats’ milk cheese were selected. One of them showed early blowing within the first 24 h of cheese ripening while the other showed no alteration. Although initial levels of Enterobacteriaceae were similar in defective and non-defective cheese, their dynamics (growth and disappearance rates of the species detected) were different. Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae were the main species in the defective curd, whereas Buttiauxela spp. was predominant in normal curd. Hafnia alvei was the prevailing isolated species for both normal and defective cheese throughout the ripening process. The highest gas production was rendered by K. oxytoca and H. alvei, mainly isolated from curd and cheese. However, other species relevant in milk or curd, like Pantoea ssp. or Buttiauxela spp. were considered as low gas producers. The analysis of digitalized images of cheese showed that most of the cheese eyes were formed before the first week of ripening, although this process continued during maturation.

According to the species found in the defective and non-defective cheese, their proportions at different ripening stages, their ability to produce gas and eye formation, K. oxytoca might be considered the most likely responsible for early blowing in raw goats’ milk cheeses; while H. alvei increased the eyes number in the later stages of the ripening period.
LPS-induced reduction of triglyceride synthesis and secretion in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via decreased SREBP1 expression and activity
Authors: Wang Jianfa , Zhang Xu , He Xianjing , Yang Bin , Wang Hai , Shan Xufei , Li Chunqiu , Sun Dongbo , Wu Rui
Published: August 2018

Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has a central regulatory effect on milk fat synthesis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce mastitis and cause milk fat depression in cows. SREBP1 is also known to be associated with inflammatory regulation. Thus, in the current study, we hypothesized that LPS-induced milk fat depression in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) operates via decreased SREBP1 expression and activity. To examine the hypothesis, DCMECs were isolated and purified from dairy cow mammary tissue and treated with LPS (10 µg/ml). LPS treatment of DCMECs suppressed lipid-metabolism-related transcription factor SREBP1 mRNA expression, nuclear translocation and protein expression, leading to reduced triglyceride content. The transcription levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthetase were significantly down-regulated in DCMECs after LPS treatment, suggesting that acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 and fatty acid synthetase involved in de novo milk fat synthesis was regulated by SREBP1. In summary, these results suggest that LPS induces milk fat depression in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells via decreased expression of SREBP1 in a time-dependent manner.
Efficient treatment of dairy processing wastewater in a laboratory scale Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR)
Authors: Leonard Peter , Tarpey Emma , Finnegan William , Zhan Xinmin
Published: August 2018

This Research Communication describes an investigation into the viability of an Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR) for the treatment of dairy processing wastewater at laboratory-scale. A number of operational parameters have been varied and the effect has been monitored in order to determine optimal conditions for maximising removal efficiencies. These operational parameters include Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), Solids Retention Time (SRT), aeration rate and cycle length. Real dairy processing wastewater and synthetic wastewater have been treated using three laboratory-scale IASBR units in a temperature controlled room. When the operational conditions were established, the units were seeded using sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the first experiment, and sludge from a dairy processing factory for the second and third experiment. In experiment three, the reactors were fed on real wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant at this dairy processing factory. These laboratory-scale systems will be used to demonstrate over time that the IASBR system is a consistent, viable option for treatment of dairy processing wastewater in this sector. In this study, the capacity of a biological system to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus within one reactor will be demonstrated. The initial operational parameters for a pilot-scale IASBR system will be derived from the results of the study.
Efficient treatment of dairy processing wastewater in a pilot scale Intermittently Aerated Sequencing Batch Reactor (IASBR)
Authors: Leonard Peter , Finnegan William , Barrett Maria , Zhan Xinmin
Published: August 2018

This Research Communication describes the initial operation of a pilot-scale intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor system, which is located at an Irish dairy processing factory. Laboratory-scale research has facilitated the design specifications and operational parameters necessary for the construction and running of a pilot-scale. Laboratory scale research was necessary prior to the pilot scale system to ensure high quality treatment and nutrient removal efficiencies. The pilot system operates with a hydraulic retention time of 4 d, a solids retention time of 16 d and a cycle length of 12 hours. There are 4 non-aeration and aeration phases within the system's react phase. This system has a 3000 l working volume, treating 375 l of wastewater per cycle, 750 l daily. The system was seeded from an aeration tank at the dairy processing factory where the unit is located. The system is operating with the goal to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater biologically, reducing the need for chemical treatment. Currently, the system is performing with high efficiency, treating the wastewater to an acceptable level according to the Irish Environmental Protection Agency for discharge into surrounding water bodies. Therefore, the initial removal results demonstrate this technology's suitability for the treatment of high strength dairy wastewaters.
Legal Reasoning in a Slave Society (Brazil, 1860–88)
Authors: Cantisano Pedro Jimenez , Dias Paes Mariana Armond
Published: August 2018

This article analyses arguments used in an 1866 Brazilian freedom suit to highlight a substantive legal perspective. Historians of Brazilian slavery law have given attention to the politics of freedom suits, largely disregarding the role of law in their origins, developments, and outcomes. By looking at legal arguments, we show how law and political views mutually framed each other. We focus on the impact of 19th century legal modernizations in the distinction and contradictions between the law of status and property law, the legal translations of freedom, and the uses of arguments based on codes, natural law, and pragmatic considerations about the judiciary's role in a slave society. This is a micro-history of a suit that, with the help of other 19th-century freedom suits and legal doctrine, allows us to move up and down different historical scales to understand law's centrality in the political perpetuation and demise of slavery in Brazil.
Bayonets in Paradise: Martial Law in Hawai'i During World War II
Authors: Coffman Tom
Published: August 2018

Justice Frank Murphy once wrote that two aspects of World War II could only be forgotten at our peril. One was the indiscriminate incarceration of Japanese aliens and Japanese Americans. The other was 4 years of martial law in Hawai'i. We have cried “Never Again” to the first but forgotten the second. Therefore, it is at long last that the legal scholars Harry and Jane Scheiber have excavated why and how an unprecedented military rule occurred and how stubbornly it clung to power.
Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Brown Bruce
Published: August 2018

This article considers the increased focus on interdisciplinary research to solve major social problems through game changing solutions. It discusses research in the arts and humanities within the context of interdisciplinary research and within the broader academy. In particular, it distinguishes between research in the arts, and research in the humanities. More specifically, it goes on to consider an element within the arts known as design. In this context, the processes of design thinking across many disciplines are considered essential to the potential of interdisciplinary research to produce radical innovations.
Generational differences in dietary pattern among Brazilian adults born between 1934 and 1975: a latent class analysis
Authors: Bezerra Ilana Nogueira , Bahamonde Nila Mara Smith Galvão , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Chor Dóra , de Oliveira Cardoso Letícia , Aquino Estela ML , da Conceição Chagas de Almeida Maria , del Carmen Bisi Molina Maria , de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca Maria , de Matos Sheila Maria Alvim
Published: August 2018

Objective

To identify generational differences in the dietary patterns of Brazilian adults born between 1934 and 1975.

Design

A cross-sectional study from the baseline of the multicentre Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort. Year of birth was categorized into three birth generations: Traditionalists (born between 1934 and 1945); Baby Boomers (born between 1946 and 1964); and Generation X (born between 1965 and 1975). Food consumption was investigated using an FFQ. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify data-driven dietary patterns.

Setting

Brazil.

Subjects

Individuals (n 15 069) aged 35–74 years.

Results

A three-class model was generated from the LCA for each birth generation. Generation X presented higher energy intakes (kJ/kcal) from soft drinks (377·4/90·2) and sweets (1262·3/301·7) and lower energy intakes from fruit (1502·5/359·1) and vegetables (311·3/74·4) than Baby Boomers (283·7/67·8, 1047·7/250·4, 1756·0/419·7 and 365·3/87·3, respectively) and Traditionalists (186·2/44·5, 518·8/124·0, 1947·7/465·5 and 404·6/96·7, respectively). For Baby Boomers and Generation X, we found food patterns with similar structures: mixed pattern (22·7 and 29·7 %, respectively), prudent pattern (43·5 and 34·9 %, respectively) and processed pattern (33·8 and 35·4 %, respectively). Among Traditionalists, we could also identify mixed (30·9 %) and prudent (21·8 %) patterns, and a third pattern, named restricted dietary pattern (47·3 %).

Conclusions

The younger generation presented higher frequencies of consuming a pattern characterized by a low nutritional diet, compared with other generations, indicating that they may age with a greater burden of chronic diseases. It is important to develop public health interventions promoting healthy foods, focusing on the youngest generations.
The availability of health information to patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica: results from the Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Cohort study
Authors: Tshimologo Maatla , Helliwell Toby , Hider Samantha , Mallen Christian , Muller Sara
Published: August 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the provision of information to, and seeking of information by, patients newly diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in primary care.

Background

PMR is an inflammatory rheumatological condition of older people that can be treated with long-term oral glucocorticoids. Management usually requires the patient to understand the potential complications of treatment and the disease, as well as involvement in reducing treatment dose. This may be complex for patients to understand.

Method

Data are taken from the baseline phase of the PMR Cohort study, which recruited newly diagnosed patients with PMR from UK primary care. Participants provided information on their PMR symptoms, general health and sociodemographics. They also completed items regarding information provision by their doctor at diagnosis, its usefulness and their own search for information.

Findings

A total of 652 people responded to the baseline survey. In all, 399 (62.7%) had received written information from their doctor; 237 (98%) found it useful; 265 (42.9%) would have liked more information; and 311 (48.4%) sought out more information. Those who were not given information and did not seek it out tended to be older and have poorer internet access.

Information provided at diagnosis to patients with PMR is useful, but more than a third did not receive any. This is concerning when PMR requires self-management and vigilance for red flags. Doctors should make use of the resources already available to them to support patients and should specifically ensure that these are available to more elderly patients and those without internet access.
A review of radar signals in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, and immunity against jamming
Authors: Baher Safa Hanbali Samer
Published: August 2018

Pulse compression technique allows a radar to achieve the resolution of a short pulse and the energy of a long pulse simultaneously, without the requirement of high-power transmission. Therefore, pulse compression radars have a low probability of intercept capability. The common types of pulse compression signals are frequency modulated waveforms and phase-coded waveforms, which have different properties. The optimum radar signal should have good immunity against deceptive jamming, good Doppler tolerance to detect high-speed targets, and low time-sidelobe level to detect weak targets nearby the strong ones. This paper reviews the current research in the commonly used radar signals, and presents their pros and cons, and compares between them in terms of Doppler tolerance, time-sidelobe level, as well as immunity against jamming in order to provide a reference for the researchers in the field of radar systems and electronic warfare.
Häusliche Gewalt am Universitären Notfallzentrum Bern: eine retrospektive Analyse von 2006 bis 2016
Authors: Hostettler-Blunier Simone , Raoussi Armaghane , Johann Silke , Ricklin Meret , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta , Utiger Sabina , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Brodmann Maeder Monika
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Häusliche Gewalt (HG) wird weltweit als eines der grössten Gesundheitsrisiken eingeschätzt. Seit 2004 ist HG in der Schweiz ein Offizialdelikt. Die vorliegende retrospektive Kohortenstudie aus dem universitären Notfallzentrum untersucht Fälle von HG. Die meisten Fälle ereignen sich sonntags und spätabends. Die Angreifer sind grösstenteils Männer und (Ex-)Ehemänner oder (Ex-)Partner. Kopf und Extremitäten sind hauptsächlich betroffen. Würgen am Hals wurde bei 16 % der Patienten dokumentiert. Die Prävalenz ist mit 0,07 % im Jahr 2016 sehr niedrig (Overall 2006–2016 0,09 %) und niedriger als internationale Daten. Wir vermuten, dass eine grosse Dunkelziffer existiert und die Opfer vermeiden, medizinische Hilfe in Anspruch zu nehmen. Medizinisches Personal muss regelmässig geschult werden, standardisierte Vorgehensweisen müssen definiert sowie ein sensibler, offener Umgang gepflegt werden.
Three‐Dimensional Raman Tomographic Microspectroscopy: A Novel Imaging Technique
Authors: Yesiltas Mehmet , Jaret Steven , Young Jordan , Wright Shawn P. , Glotch Timothy D.
Published: August 2018

Chemical constituents and their spatial distributions in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples may provide clues to their formation histories and secondary processes they were subjected to. Most analytical tools are either limited in imaging the interior of samples or they are destructive such that the sample is chemically modified. In this work, we have conducted three‐dimensional Raman tomographic imaging experiments on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. The in situ nondestructive analytical technique presented here provides spatial distribution of various chemical constituents from the interior of the samples with high spatial and depth resolution. Raman data were first collected from two‐dimensional layers at the surface and at various depths inside the samples by means of confocal Raman imaging. Individual chemical distribution maps were generated for each layer, which were then stacked to form and visualize the three‐dimensional distributions. In addition to three‐dimensional distributions, Raman spectral information was also collected from each pixel within the measured areas, thus allowing us to also perform detailed spectral investigations of the samples.
Exploration of a Composite Index to Describe Magnetospheric Activity: Reduction of the Magnetospheric State Vector to a Single Scalar
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E. , Denton Michael H.
Published: August 2018

Geomagnetic activity is usually gauged by a single time‐dependent geomagnetic index. One drawback is that an individual geomagnetic index measures only one aspect of the activity in the Earth's magnetosphere. Here we construct a time‐dependent 11‐element magnetospheric state vectorEfor Earth that consists of measures of high‐latitude currents, polar cap current, magnetospheric convection, plasma pressure, ion and electron precipitation rates, the intensity of substorm‐injected electrons, and the elapsed time since the last substorm onset. At the same time we construct an eight‐element time‐dependent solar‐wind state vectorSfrom the measured properties of the solar wind at Earth. In thisS → Epicture a time‐dependent “magnetospheric‐activity index” E(1)is created from a weighted sum of the 11 variables in the magnetospheric state vector, with the weights chosen by the vector correlation properties between the magnetospheric state vectorEand the solar wind state vectorS. The properties and advantages of this E(1)index are examined for the years 1991–2007. Comparing fits made on different subsets of the data demonstrates the robustness of the definition of E(1); tests using out‐of‐sample data demonstrate the accuracy of solar wind predictions of E(1). The advantages of the composite index E(1)include a more direct association with the solar wind, linearity, high predictability, and versatility with respect to (a) storm‐versus‐quiet intervals, (b) solar maximum versus solar minimum, and (c) the various types of solar wind plasma. Defining magnetospheric storms with the composite index E(1)is explored, and categorizing magnetospheric storms using the magnetospheric state vectorEis considered.
Stream Centric Methods for Determining Groundwater Contributions in Karst Mountain Watersheds
Authors: Neilson B. T. , Tennant H. , Stout T. L. , Miller M. P. , Gabor R. S. , Jameel Y. , Millington M. , Gelderloos A. , Bowen G. J. , Brooks P. D.
Published: August 2018

Climate change influences on mountain hydrology are uncertain but likely to be mediated by variability in subsurface hydrologic residence times and flow paths. The heterogeneity of karst aquifers adds complexity in assessing the resiliency of these water sources to perturbation, suggesting a clear need to quantify contributions from and losses to these aquifers. Here we develop a stream centric method that combines mass and flow balances to quantify net and gross gains and losses at different spatial scales. We then extend these methods to differentiate between karst conduit and matrix contributions from the aquifer. In the Logan River watershed in Northern Utah we found significant amounts of the river water repeatedly gained and then lost through a 35‐km study reach. Further, the direction and amount of water exchanged varied over space, time, and discharge. Streamflow was dominated by discharge of karst conduit groundwater after spring runoff with increasing, yet still small, fractions of matrix water later in the summer. These findings were combined with geologic information, prior subsurface dye tracing, and chemical sampling to provide additional lines of evidence that repeated groundwater exchanges are likely occurring and river flows are highly dependent on karst aquifer recharge and discharge. Given the large population dependent on karst aquifers throughout the world, there is a continued need to develop simple methods, like those presented here, for determining the resiliency of karst groundwater resources.