bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors that influence the use of the Internet for job-seeking purposes amongst a sample of final-year students in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
Authors: Chiwara Juliet R. , Chinyamurindi Willie T. , Mjoli Themba Q.
Published: February 2017

Orientation: Organisations are turning to the Internet in search for talent. A constituency often targeted are those students nearing the end of their tenure of study who are making a transition into the working world. Given this, it is important to understand not only those factors that influence the use of the Internet within the Human Resources (HR) talent search process, but also how such factors relate to actual intent to apply for jobs.Research purpose: Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, the study investigates factors that influence the adoption of the Internet for purposes of job seeking.Motivation for the study: Calls have been made for research that investigates factors that influence the intention to use the Internet to apply for jobs in developing countries such as South Africa.Research approach, design and method: The study used the quantitative approach (relying on a survey) to test the hypotheses into factors that influence the use of Internet for the purpose of job seeking amongst a sample of 346 prospective job seekers in their final year of study at a South African university.Main findings: Through correlation and regression analysis, findings reveal a positive relationship to exist between (1) performance expectancy with intention to use the Internet to apply for jobs, (2) effort expectancy with intention to use the Internet to apply for jobs, (3) individual effort expectancy and performance expectancy and (4) individual trust and the intention to use the Internet for job seeking. However, no relationship was found to exist between facilitating conditions and intention to use the Internet for job seeking.Practical/managerial implications: The findings magnify the role of salient factors in the intention to use the Internet for job-seeking purposes. Efforts from applicants, universities, recruitment agencies and organisations, potentially, have an effect on the intention to use the Internet for job-seeking purposes. Such efforts may enhance the students’ online experience and minimise problems that accompany technology adoption for the purposes of recruitment. Findings from this research may help enhance the online recruitment experience both from the end-user and recruiter perspective.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the recruitment literature in three ways: Firstly, UTAUT is shown to be a useful framework to explain final-year, job-seeking students’ intention to use the Internet to apply for jobs. Furthermore, the findings illustrate the value of the UTAUT as a model useful in enhancing understanding on intentions. Secondly, the study places focus on the human factor rather than facilitating conditions as important issues regarding intention to use the Internet to apply for a job. Finally, based on these findings, future angles of research that have academic and practitioner implications are proposed.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 21: Immunity to Electromagnetic Fields, 30 MHz to 18 GHz, Absorber-Lined Chamber
Authors:   Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Published: February 2017

This part of SAE J1113 specifies test methods and procedures for
testing electromagnetic immunity (of vehicle radiation sources) of
electronic components for passenger cars and commercial vehicles.
To perform this test method, the electronic module along with the
wiring harness (prototype or standard test harness) and peripheral
devices will be subjected to the electromagnetic disturbance
generated inside an absorber-lined chamber. The electromagnetic
disturbances considered in this part of SAE J1113 are limited to
continuous narrowband electromagnetic fields.

Immunity measurements of complete vehicles are generally only
performed at the vehicle manufacturer. The reasons, for example,
are high costs of a large absorber-lined chamber, preserving the
secrecy of prototypes, or the large number of different vehicle
models. Therefore, for research, development and quality control, a
laboratory measuring method shall be applied by the
manufacturers.

Part 1 of SAE J1113 specifies the general, definitions,
practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure.
Measurement of Vehicle and Suspension Parameters for Directional Control Studies
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

The parameters measured according to this SAE Recommended Practice will generally be used in simulating directional control performance in the linear range. (The "linear range" is the steady-state lateral acceleration below which steering wheel angle can generally be considered to be linearly related to lateral acceleration.) But they may be used for certain other simulations (such as primary ride motions), vehicle and suspension characterization and comparison, suspension development and optimization, and processing of road test data.

This document is intended to apply to passenger cars, light trucks, and on-highway recreational and commercial vehicles, both non-articulated and articulated. Measurement techniques are intended to apply to these vehicles, with alterations primarily in the scale of facilities required. But some differences do exist between passenger cars and trucks, especially heavy trucks, such as differences in body/frame flexibility, suspension stiffness, and suspension friction. These will be addressed in this document or SAE J1574-2, where appropriate.
Refrigerant Purity and Container Requirements for Carbon Dioxide (CO2 R-744) Used in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
Authors:   Interior Climate Control Fluids Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard applies to Carbon Dioxide R-744 refrigerant used to service motor vehicle passenger air-conditioning (A/C) systems designed to use CO2 (R-744).

Hermetically sealed, refrigerated cargo systems are not covered by this document.
Hydraulic Pump Airborne Noise Bench Test
Authors:   Vehicle Performance Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

Communicate the process of accurately measuring sound power levels of positive displacement hydraulic pumps commonly used in ground vehicle steering systems. This recommended practice defines the pump mounting (pulley, belt tension, isolation), operating conditions (fluid, speed, temperature, pressure), room acoustics, instrumentation, noise measurement technique and data acquisition setup to be used. Included are recommendations for test sample size, and format for data presentation/reporting.
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines--Performance--Part 1: Standard Reference Conditions, Declarations of Power, Fuel and Lubricating Oil Consumptions, and Test Methods
Authors:   Marine Technical Steering Committee
Published: February 2017

This part of ISO 3046 specifies standard reference conditions and methods of declaring the power, fuel consumption, lubricating oil consumption, and test methods for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in commercial production using liquid or gaseous fuels. Where necessary, individual requirements are given for particular engine applications.

This part of ISO 3046 covers RIC engines for land, rail-traction, and marine use, excluding engines used to propel agricultural tractors, road vehicles, and aircraft.

This part of ISO 3046 may be applied to engines used to propel road construction and earthmoving machines, industrial trucks, and for other applications where no suitable International Standard for these engines exists.

This part of ISO 3046 may be applied to tests on a test bed at the manufacturer's works and to tests on site.
Perioperative Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities: Not All of Them are Ischemic!
Authors: McHugh Stephen M , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Boisen Michael L , Boretsky Robert H , Phillips Dennis P , Meng Li , Caldwell Mathew W , Kaynar A Murat
Published: February 2017

We present three noncardiac surgical patients with regional left ventricular dysfunction diagnosed by bedside echocardiography: One intraoperative, another immediate postoperative, and a third one with preoperative hemodynamic instability. We review the differential diagnosis and the growing role of perioperative transthoracic echocardiography.

How to cite this article

Boisen ML, McHugh SM, Boretsky RH, Phillips DP, Meng L, Caldwell MW, Kaynar AM, Subramaniam K. Perioperative Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities: Not All of Them are Ischemic! J Perioper Echocardiogr 2016;4(2):70-73.
The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Popular Music
Authors: Partridge Christopher , Moberg Marcus
Published: February 2017

The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Popular Music is the first comprehensive analysis of the most important themes and concepts in this field. Drawing on contemporary research from religious studies, theology, sociology, ethnography, and cultural studies, the volume comprises thirty-one specifically commissioned essays from a team of international experts. The chapters explore the principal areas of inquiry and point to new directions for scholarship. Featuring chapters on methodology, key genres, religious traditions and popular music subcultures, this volume provides the essential reference point for anyone with an interest in religion and popular music as well as popular culture more broadly.

Religious traditions covered include Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Paganism and occultism. Coverage of genres and religion ranges from heavy metal, rap and hip hop to country music and film and television music. Edited by Christopher Partridge and Marcus Moberg, this Handbook defines the research field and provides an accessible entry point for new researchers in the field.
Narrative Theory and Adaptation.
Authors: Mittell Jason
Published: February 2017

Narrative Theory and Adaptation offers a concise introduction to narrative theory in jargon-free language and shows how this theory can be deployed to interpret Spike Jonze’s critically acclaimed 2002 film Adaptation.

Understanding narrative theory is crucial to make sense of the award-winning film Adaptation. The book explicates, in clear prose for beginners, four key facets important to the narrative theory of film: the distinction between practical vs. critical theory, the role of adaptation, the process of narrative comprehension, and notions of authorship. It then works to unlock Adaptation. using these four keys in succession, considering how the film demands a theoretical understanding of the storytelling process. In using this unusual case study of a film, the author makes the case for the importance of narrative theory as a general perspective for filmmakers, critics, and viewers alike.
Impact of aerosols and clouds on decadal trends in all-sky solar radiation over the Netherlands (1966–2015)
Authors: Boers Reinout , Brandsma Theo , Siebesma A. Pier
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A 50-year hourly dataset of global shortwave radiation, cloudiness and visibility over the Netherlands was used to quantify the contribution of aerosols and clouds to trends in all-sky radiation. The trend in all-sky radiation was expressed as a linear combination of trends in fractional cloudiness, clear-sky radiation and cloud-base radiation (radiation emanating from the bottom of clouds). All three trends were derived from the data records. The results indicate that trends in all three components contribute significantly to the observed trend in all-sky radiation. Trends (per decade) in fractional cloudiness, all-sky, clear-sky and cloud-base radiation were respectively 0.0097 ± 0.0062, 1.81 ± 1.07 W m−2, 2.78 ± 0.50 W m−2, and 3.43 ± 1.17 W m−2. Radiative transfer calculations using the aerosol optical thickness derived from visibility observations indicate that Aerosol Radiation Interaction (ARI) is a strong candidate to explain the upward trend in the clear-sky radiation. Aerosol Cloud Interaction (ACI) may have some impact on cloud-base radiation, but it is suggested that decadal changes in cloud thickness and synoptic scale changes in cloud amount also play an important role.
Sea-ice-related halogen enrichment at Law Dome, coastal East Antarctica
Authors: Vallelonga Paul , Maffezzoli Niccolo , Moy Andrew D. , Curran Mark A. J. , Vance Tessa R. , Edwards Ross , Hughes Gwyn , Barker Emily , Spreen Gunnar , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Corella J. Pablo , Cuevas Carlos A. , Spolaor Andrea
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Law Dome site is ideal for the evaluation of sea ice proxies due to its location near to the Antarctic coast, regular and high accumulation throughout the year, an absence of surface melting or remobilization, and minimal multiyear sea ice. We present records of bromine and iodine concentrations and their enrichment beyond seawater compositions and compare these to satellite observations of first-year sea ice area in the 90–130° E sector of the Wilkes coast. Our findings support the results of previous studies of sea ice variability from Law Dome, indicating that Wilkes coast sea ice area is currently at its lowest level since the start of the 20th century. From the Law Dome DSS1213 firn core, 26 years of monthly deposition data indicate that the period of peak bromine enrichment is during austral spring–summer, from November to February. Results from a traverse along the lee (western) side of Law Dome show low levels of sodium and bromine deposition, with the greatest fluxes in the vicinity of the Law Dome summit. Finally, multidecadal variability in iodine enrichment appears well correlated to bromine enrichment, suggesting a common source of variability that may be related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO).
Analysis of the technical biases of meteor video cameras used in the CILBO system
Authors: Albin Thomas , Koschny Detlef , Molau Sirko , Srama Ralf , Poppe Björn
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we analyse the technical biases of two intensified video cameras, ICC7 and ICC9, of the double-station meteor camera system CILBO (Canary Island Long-Baseline Observatory). This is done to thoroughly understand the effects of the camera systems on the scientific data analysis. We expect a number of errors or biases that come from the system: instrumental errors, algorithmic errors and statistical errors. We analyse different observational properties, in particular the detected meteor magnitudes, apparent velocities, estimated goodness-of-fit of the astrometric measurements with respect to a great circle and the distortion of the camera. We find that, due to a loss of sensitivity towards the edges, the cameras detect only about 55 % of the meteors it could detect if it had a constant sensitivity. This detection efficiency is a function of the apparent meteor velocity. We analyse the optical distortion of the system and the goodness-of-fit of individual meteor position measurements relative to a fitted great circle. The astrometric error is dominated by uncertainties in the measurement of the meteor attributed to blooming, distortion of the meteor image and the development of a wake for some meteors. The distortion of the video images can be neglected. We compare the results of the two identical camera systems and find systematic differences. For example, the peak magnitude distribution for ICC9 is shifted by about 0.2–0.4 mag towards fainter magnitudes. This can be explained by the different pointing directions of the cameras. Since both cameras monitor the same volume in the atmosphere roughly between the two islands of Tenerife and La Palma, one camera (ICC7) points towards the west, the other one (ICC9) to the east. In particular, in the morning hours the apex source is close to the field-of-view of ICC9. Thus, these meteors appear slower, increasing the dwell time on a pixel. This is favourable for the detection of a meteor of a given magnitude.
Development and Evaluation of a Stochastic Daily Rainfall Model with Long Term Variability
Authors: Chowdhury A. F. M. Kamal , Lockart Natalie , Willgoose Garry , Kuczera George , Kiem Anthony S. , Parana Manage Nadeeka
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The primary objective of this study is to develop a stochastic rainfall generation model that can match not only the short resolution (daily) variability, but also the longer resolution (monthly to multiyear) variability of observed rainfall. This study has developed a Markov Chain (MC) model, which uses a two-state MC process with two parameters (wet-to-wet and dry-to-dry transition probabilities) to simulate rainfall occurrence and a Gamma distribution with two parameters (mean and standard deviation of wet day rainfall) to simulate wet day rainfall depths. Starting with the traditional MC-Gamma model with deterministic parameters, this study has developed and assessed four other variants of the MC-Gamma model with different parameterisations. The key finding is that if the parameters of the Gamma distribution are randomly sampled from fitted distributions prior to simulating the rainfall for each year, the variability of rainfall depths at longer resolutions can be preserved, while the variability of wet periods (i.e. number of wet days and mean length of wet spell) can be preserved by decade-varied MC parameters. This is a straightforward enhancement to the traditional simplest MC model and is both objective and parsimonious.
A dynamical approach to study the time dependent behavior of
the Kuhbanan fault zone (Kerman – Iran)
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammadreza , Amiri Hosein
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this research a proposed methodology is improved to identify how the stresses increase between two Earthquakes in Kuhbanan fault zone (Iran). Using the Mohr circles of the Earthquake we could calculate the main stress (σ1), hydrostatic stress, normal and shear stresses and the initial and final Coulomb stresses for all individual Earthquakes. For the relation of the whole fault we need the initial and the final Coulomb stress as well as the time during which the stress reaches from initial value to the final Coulomb failure value. The initial Coulomb stress is chosen as the least value, to be 30 megapascal. For the final Coulomb stress we used the average final Coulomb stress of all Earthquakes and for the time between this two initial and final stress we use the average time between Earthquake that is 3377 days. Using the Coulomb stresses at selected times, one can see how the stress increase with time between Earthquakes. The best fit of points of stress versus time is a polynomial relation. The model will help to estimate the stress accumulation with time until the next event, this means one can estimate the approaching time to the next main shock.
An Associational Examination of the CaptialCube Effect Context for the MPV over the Linguistic Partitions: Testing Sensitivity & Specificity
Authors: Lusk Edward J. , Halperin Michael
Published: February 2017

In this third examination of the CapitalCubeÔ Market Navigation Platform [CCMNP] we have selected the previously vetted set of embedded variables: Market Performance Variables [MPV] for their Linguistic Qualifiers [LQ] considering their directional market effects or MPV[LQ[{Neutral: Unfavorable: Favorable}]]. In the testing, we are interested in the Sensitivity and the Specificity of these vetted variables over the annual S&P500 Panel from 2005 to 2013. The inference framework employed a Median Split: High or Low for each of the 13 MPV tested and a random selection to avoid the FPE-jeopardy that is part of the Chi2 testing model. We used the Tamhane & Dunlop cut-off to identify Chi2 cells effects of interest and used these to develop the Sensitivity and the Specificity tests. Results: We were able to reject the a priori Nulls proffered for the testing protocols indicating that one may reject the supposition that the labeling of the LQ is formed by random processes in the CCMNP.
Measuring the Impact of Economic Stability and Remittances of Overseas Workers on Bank Deposits: the Case of Jordan
Authors: Qwader Amjad , Alawneh Ateyah
Published: February 2017

This study aims at measuring the impact of economic stability represented by (Inflation rate, Economic growth) and remittances of overseas workers on bank deposits in Jordan during the period (2000-2015).The study used the multiple linear regression method by the (E-views) program  to study the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variables. Statistical analysis showed the presence of a statistically significant, positive correlation for both the rate of inflation and workers' remittances on current deposits, saving deposits and time deposits. The statistical analysis also showed that there is a statistically significant, negative correlation between economic growth rate on current deposits, saving deposits and time deposits.The study reached a number of recommendations, most important is: the need for local banks administration to take into consideration the economic factors and variables, including inflation, economic growth and remittances of overseas workers, which directly affect the bank deposits in Jordan, study their evolution and forecast their future value to take various measures that will be positively reflected on the growth of bank deposits.Another recommendation is the need for local banks administration to attract more remittances of overseas workers, through genuine and honest programs that provide benefits for overseas  workers and the bank alike.
Automated modification and fusion of voxel models to construct body phantoms with heterogeneous breast tissue: Application to MRI simulations
Authors: Rispoli Joseph V. , Wright Steven M. , Malloy Craig R. , McDougall Mary P.
Published: February 2017

Background: Human voxel models incorporating detailed anatomical features are vital tools for the computational evaluation of electromagnetic (EM) fields within the body. Besides whole-body human voxel models, phantoms representing smaller heterogeneous anatomical features are often employed; for example, localized breast voxel models incorporating fatty and fibroglandular tissues have been developed for a variety of EM applications including mammography simulation and dosimetry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultra-wideband microwave imaging. However, considering wavelength effects, electromagnetic modeling of the breast at sub-microwave frequencies necessitates detailed breast phantoms in conjunction with whole-body voxel models.Methods: Heterogeneous breast phantoms are sized to fit within radiofrequency coil hardware, modified by voxel-wise extrusion, and fused to whole-body models using voxel-wise, tissue-dependent logical operators. To illustrate the utility of this method, finite-difference time-domain simulations are performed using a whole-body model integrated with a variety of available breast phantoms spanning the standard four tissue density classifications representing the majority of the population.Results: The software library uses a combination of voxel operations to seamlessly size, modify, and fuse eleven breast phantoms to whole-body voxel models. The software is publicly available on GitHub and is linked to the file exchange at MATLAB R Central. Simulations confirm the proportions of fatty and fibroglandular tissues in breast phantoms have significant yet predictable implications on projected power deposition in tissue.Conclusions: Breast phantoms may be modified and fused to whole-body voxel models using the software presented in this work; user considerations for the open-source software and resultant phantoms are discussed. Furthermore, results indicate simulating breast models as predominantly fatty tissue can considerably underestimate the potential for tissue heating in women with substantial fibroglandular tissue.
An undergraduate collaborative team model to engage nursing students in research
Authors: Kurtz Christine P. , Kessler Theresa A.
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Student-faculty collaboration on research is an effective model to engage undergraduate students in the research process outside the traditional curriculum. Using this model, a student-faculty team developed a longitudinal study about college students’ alcohol use behaviors and implemented an intervention to influence the culture of drinking on campus.Methods: A longitudinal design was used to assess drinking behaviors and evaluate the effect of a mass media campaign with social norm messages and alcohol education. Undergraduate students on a faith-based, Midwestern campus completed baseline (N = 1,095) and post-intervention (N = 1,011) electronic surveys.Results: In addition to helping students learn about and develop enthusiasm for research, this project had an impact on the drinking culture on campus. Findings showed 88% of students observed media campaign messages with 82% viewing the printed posters, 47% viewing the outdoor displays, and 25% viewing messages on social media. There was a significant change in binge drinking from the pre- (72%) to post-intervention (40%) surveys.Conclusions: Collaborative undergraduate research teams are an effective model to help students learn how to carry out research and develop interest and enthusiasm for the process. The outcomes of the project demonstrated interventions were effective at influencing the drinking culture on campus. The development of a research program outside the required curriculum can be a successful strategy to engage students in all phases of the research process, increase enthusiasm for research, and enhance health care outcomes in various settings.
Teaching of Remedial English and the Problems of the Students: A Case of University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sahito Zafarullah , Siddiqui Abida , Khawaja Mumtaz , Shaheen Anjum , Saeed Humera , Laghari Sajad Haider
Published: February 2017

The research paper is designed to explore the achievement of the aims and objectives of teaching remedial English. Italso aims to know the importance of the course and the problems of the students regarding the teaching of remedialEnglish at university level in Pakistan with special reference to university of Sindh, Jamshoro. In this regard manyefforts were taken by the tutors, lecturers, assistant professors, professors and the administration of the university toenhance the capabilities and efficiencies of the students of undergraduate level. All students of undergraduate leveland the teachers who take remedial English classes are constituted as the Population of the study. Five (n=5) teacherswho teach remedial classes and forty (n=40) students from different departments were recruited as the sample of thestudy through purposive and random sampling techniques. Interviews were conducted from students and tutors whoattend and teach remedial English course respectively. 90% students found unsatisfied from the administration of theclasses and they stressed that the classes should be conducted separately at department level and they demanded forthe basic needed facilities during the classes such as the facility of language laboratory, availability of computers,multimedia, audio and video resources in order to accelerate and enhance the teaching learning process to improveEnglish language skills.
On Some Mixture Models for Over-dispersed Binary Data
Authors: Lawal Bayo H.
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider several binomial mixture models for fitting over-dispersed binary data. The models range from the binomial itself, to the beta-binomial (BB), the Kumaraswamy distributions I and II (KPI \& KPII) as well as the McDonald generalized beta-binomial mixed model (McGBB). The models are applied to five data sets that have received attention in various literature. Because of convergence issues, several optimization methods ranging from the Newton-Raphson to the quasi-Newton optimization algorithms were employed with SAS PROC NLMIXED using the Adaptive Gaussian Quadrature as the integral approximation method within PROC NLMIXED. Our results differ from those presented in Li, Huang and Zhao (2011) for the example data sets in that paper but agree with those presented in Manoj, Wijekoon and Yapa (2013). We also applied these models to the case where we have a $k$ vector of covariates $(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_k)^{'}$. Our results here suggest that the McGBB performs better than the other models in the GLM framework. All computations in this paper employed PROC NLMIXED in SAS. We present in the appendix a sample of the SAS program employed for implementing the McGBB model for one of the examples.
Pennypack Creek Drainage Basin Erosion History: Bucks, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, PA, USA
Authors: Clausen Eric
Published: February 2017

Topographic map evidence is used to interpret Pennypack Creek drainage basin erosion history in and north of the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA). Southwest and west-southwest oriented through valleys crossing the south oriented Pennypack Creek drainage basin, barbed Pennypack Creek tributaries, and significant valley direction changes are used to determine that the Pennypack Creek valley eroded headward across massive southwest oriented floods. Initially floodwaters flowed on a low gradient topographic surface at least as high, if not higher, than the highest Pennypack Creek drainage basin elevations today. Shallow low gradient diverging and converging flow channels were eroded into the underlying bedrock surface predominantly along fault lines and other zones of easier to erode materials. Headward erosion of the much deeper Pennypack Creek valley across this anastomosing channel complex captured southwest oriented floodwaters and flow on northeast ends of beheaded channels was reversed so as to move toward the newly eroded and deeper Pennypack Creek valley. These reversed flow channels captured southwest oriented floodwaters still moving north of the actively eroding Pennypack Creek valley head. This captured water then moved in a northeast direction and eroded deep northeast oriented valleys headward from the newly eroded Pennypack Creek valley. These valleys today account for northeast and east oriented Pennypack Creek valley segments and northeast oriented (barbed) tributaries flowing to south oriented Pennypack Creek. The floodwater source cannot be determined from Pennypack Creek drainage basin evidence, but was from the northeast. Melting of a continental ice sheet could produce floods of sufficient volume and duration to overwhelm whatever drainage system previously existed and to erode new drainage basins in a manner similar to how the Pennypack Creek drainage basin was eroded.
Introduction of Nodal Pricing into the new Mexican Electricity Market through FTR Allocations
Authors: Kunz Friedrich , Rosellón Juan , Kemfert Claudia
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

The change from a subsidized zonal pricing system to a full nodal pricing regime in the new Mexican electricity market could improve the efficiency of electricity system operation. However, resulting price modifications might also swing surplus across producers and consumers. In this paper, we calculate nodal prices for the Mexican power system and further analyze how allocations of financial transmission rights (FTRs) can be used to mitigate resulting distributional effects. The share of FTRs to be allocated to different generation plants and loads is studied as a second step of an electricity tariff subsidy reform agenda that includes, as a first step, the change to nodal pricing and, as a third step, the reformulation of actual regressive subsidies in a progressive way. We test our model in a realistic nodal price setting, based on an hourly modeling of the Mexican power system.
Optimize Pipe Renewal Strategies
Authors: Moore Randy , Wagner Travis , Faber Nathan , Stanley Robert , Pishkur Buzz , Allen Jessie
Published: February 2017

Using risk‐based data analysis and innovative renewal strategies, two US water systems show how utilities can avoid full pipeline replacement, reduce service interruptions, and save money.
Use of the Spencer Technique on Collegiate Baseball Players: Effect on Physical Performance and Self-Report Measures
Authors: Curcio Janine E. , Grana Matthew J. , England Stacey , Banyas Paige M. , Palmer Benjamin D. , Placke Arielle E. , Rieck William A. , Eade Amber M.
Published: February 2017

Context: Repeated overhead throwing in baseball players alters range of motion (ROM), contributing to shoulder injury. The Spencer technique has been used, anecdotally, to reduce the effects of throwing-induced limitations in ROM.

Objective: To quantify the effects of a single administration of the Spencer technique on the ROM and performance of collegiate baseball pitchers.

Methods: Pitchers from the Seton Hill University men’s baseball team were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups: Spencer technique or sham therapy. The first week consisted of baseline outcome measurements (1 week before treatment), including ROM (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation) of the dominant throwing arm, 10 maximum velocity throws, and self-reported performance using the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC-SES). The second week consisted of pretreatment ROM measurement, followed by a single treatment and repeated measurement of all outcomes.

Results: Of 16 players, 15 met inclusion criteria. An effect of training on ROM between weeks 1 and 2 for all players consisted of significantly decreased internal rotation (P=.02) and increased external rotation (P=.04). A differential effect of treatment was found on the mean difference in internal rotation after treatment, compared with the mean difference before treatment on the same day (P=.01). Additionally, a trend toward statistical significance for abduction (P=.08) was noted. Analyses reveal that these effects were caused by significant increases in the internal rotation and abduction for the Spencer group only (P=.02). All other analyses of ROM, as well as performance measured by maximum velocity throws and the KJOC-SES, revealed no differential effect of treatment.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of the Spencer technique in counteracting the potentially negative effects of repeated throwing on internal rotation. However, a single administration did not affect functional ability in this study. Future studies of longer duration and including differing levels of play, injury status, and playing position will be needed to further evaluate the full potential of the Spencer technique in athletes who engage in repeated overhead arm movements.
Gabapentin-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Flamm Avram , Sachdev Sarina , Dufresne Francois
Published: February 2017

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering dermatosis with separation of the epidermis from the dermis. This disease process is common among elderly patients and manifests with subepidermal vesicles and tense bullae. Patients with bullous pemphigoid are more likely to have also received a previous diagnosis of a neurologic disorder. Gabapentin is an antiepileptic that is used to manage neuropathic pain. The authors describe, to their knowledge, the first report of gabapentin-induced bullous pemphigoid in an elderly man with no history of rashes or reactions to other medications.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in the Management of Isaacs Syndrome
Authors: Shanahan Lisa K.T. , Raines Selena G.M. , Coggins Rachel L. , Moore Teanna , Carnes Michael , Griffin Laura
Published: February 2017

Isaacs syndrome is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by chronic muscle stiffness, cramping, fasciculations, myokymia, and hyperhidrosis. Pathogenesis includes autoimmunity, paraneoplastic disorders, genetic predisposition, or toxin exposure. There is no known cure for Isaacs syndrome. This case report describes a patient who had been given the diagnosis of Isaacs syndrome and received osteopathic manipulative treatment to manage fascial and cranial dysfunctions and reduce nervous system hyperexcitability. Long-term decrease of myokymia and reduction of severity and frequency of exacerbations resulted.
Across‐arc versus along‐arc Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope variations in the Ecuadorian volcanic arc
Authors: Ancellin Marie‐Anne , Samaniego Pablo , Vlastélic Ivan , Nauret François , Gannoun Adbelmouhcine , Hidalgo Silvana
Published: February 2017

Previous studies of the Ecuadorian arc (1°N–2°S) have revealed across‐arc geochemical trends that are consistent with a decrease in mantle melting and slab dehydration away from the trench. The aim of this work is to evaluate how these processes vary along the arc in response to small‐scale changes in the age of the subducted plate, subduction angle, and continental crustal basement. We use an extensive database of 1437 samples containing 71 new analyses, of major and trace elements as well as Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopes from Ecuadorian and South Colombian volcanic centers. Large geochemical variations are found to occur along the Ecuadorian arc, in particular along the front arc, which encompasses 99% and 71% of the total variations in 206Pb/204Pb and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Quaternary Ecuadorian volcanics, respectively. The front arc volcanoes also show two major latitudinal trends: (1) the southward increase of 207Pb/204Pb and decrease of 143Nd/144Nd reflect more extensive crustal contamination of magma in the southern part (up to 14%); and (2) the increase of 206Pb/204Pb and decrease of Ba/Th away from ∼0.5°S result from the changing nature of metasomatism in the subarc mantle wedge with the aqueous fluid/siliceous slab melt ratio decreasing away from 0.5°S. Subduction of a younger and warmer oceanic crust in the Northern part of the arc might promote slab melting. Conversely, the subduction of a colder oceanic crust south of the Grijalva Fracture Zone and higher crustal assimilation lead to the reduction of slab contribution in southern part of the arc.
Uplift and tilting of the Shackleton Range in East Antarctica driven by glacial erosion and normal faulting
Authors: Paxman Guy J. G. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Bentley Michael J. , Forsberg Rene , Ross Neil , Watts Anthony B. , Corr Hugh F. J. , Jordan Tom A.
Published: February 2017

Unravelling the long‐term evolution of the subglacial landscape of Antarctica is vital for understanding past ice sheet dynamics and stability, particularly in marine‐based sectors of the ice sheet. Here we model the evolution of the bedrock topography beneath the Recovery catchment, a sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet characterized by fast‐flowing ice streams that occupy overdeepened subglacial troughs. We use 3‐D flexural models to quantify the effect of erosional unloading and mechanical unloading associated with motion on border faults in driving isostatic bedrock uplift of the Shackleton Range and Theron Mountains, which are flanked by the Recovery, Slessor, and Bailey ice streams. Inverse spectral (free‐air admittance) and forward modeling of topography and gravity anomaly data allow us to constrain the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere (Te) in the Shackleton Range region to ~20 km. Our models indicate that glacial erosion, and the associated isostatic rebound, has driven 40–50% of total peak uplift in the Shackleton Range and Theron Mountains. A further 40–50% can be attributed to motion on normal fault systems of inferred Jurassic and Cretaceous age. Our results indicate that the flexural effects of glacial erosion play a key role in mountain uplift along the East Antarctic margin, augmenting previous findings in the Transantarctic Mountains. The results suggest that at 34 Ma, the mountains were lower and the bounding valley floors were close to sea level, which implies that the early ice sheet in this region may have been relatively stable.
Assimilation of repeated woody biomass observations constrains decadal ecosystem carbon cycle uncertainty in aggrading forests
Authors: Smallman T. L. , Exbrayat J.‐F. , Mencuccini M. , Bloom A. A. , Williams M.
Published: February 2017

Forest carbon sink strengths are governed by plant growth, mineralization of dead organic matter, and disturbance. Across landscapes, remote sensing can provide information about aboveground states of forests and this information can be linked to models to estimate carbon cycling in forests close to steady state. For aggrading forests this approach is more challenging and has not been demonstrated. Here we apply a Bayesian approach, linking a simple model to a range of data, to evaluate their information content, for two aggrading forests. We compare high information content analyses using local observations with retrievals using progressively sparser remotely sensed information (repeated, single, and no woody biomass observations). The net biome productivity of both forests is constrained to be a net sink with <2 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 variation across the range of inputs. However, the sequestration of particular carbon pool(s) varies with assimilated biomass information. Assimilation of repeated biomass observations reduces uncertainty and/or bias in all ecosystem C pools not just wood, compared to analyses using single or no stock information. As verification, our repeated biomass analysis explains 78–86% of variation in litter dynamics at one forest, while at the second forest total dead organic matter estimates are within observational uncertainty. The uncertainty of retrieved ecosystem traits in the repeated biomass analysis is reduced by up to 50% compared to analyses with less biomass information. This study quantifies the importance of repeated woody observations in constraining the dynamics of both wood and dead organic matter, highlighting the benefit of proposed remote sensing missions.
Colloidal transport in the Gordon Gulch catchment of the Boulder Creek CZO and its effect on C‐Q relationships for silicon
Authors: Aguirre Arnulfo A. , Derry Louis A. , Mills Taylor J. , Anderson Suzanne P.
Published: February 2017

The near‐constant Si concentration under varying discharge observed in Gordon Gulch of the Boulder Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) indicates that the silica fluxes are strongly controlled by discharge. To identify the mechanisms supplying increased Si at high discharge (Q), we examine Si‐Al‐Fe‐Ge in soils, streams, and groundwaters. We identify bedrock weathering in groundwater and colloidal transport as the two end‐members that supply Si to the system. During base flow, streamflow is derived from groundwater, and weathering of feldspar is the main source of Si with a Ge/Si ratio 0.2–0.5 µmol/mol and low dissolved Al and Fe. The groundwater data are consistent with incongruent weathering of feldspar as the main source of dissolved Si. As discharge increases, Si‐Al‐Fe‐bearing colloids are mobilized and the Ge/Si ratio of the stream rises to 3.0 µmol/mol. Mineralogical analysis using XRD identified Al‐Si phases including kaolinite, illite, and quartz in the colloidal size fraction (<0.45 µm). The Ge/Si ratio of stream and soil colloids is ≈3.8 µmol/mol. The mechanism of colloidal transport with increasing discharge can account for the concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) patterns of Si, Al, and Fe with near‐zero or positive power law slopes observed in the Gordon Gulch catchment. Anomalously high Ge/Si ratios also identified a third end‐member resulting from coal fly ash deposition during the winter and spring. Wind trajectories during 2012, correlation between Ge/Si and
, and comparison to atmospheric deposition data imply contamination from nearby coal fired power plant operations.
Debates—Hypothesis testing in hydrology: Theory and practice
Authors: Pfister Laurent , Kirchner James W.
Published: February 2017

The basic structure of the scientific method—at least in its idealized form—is widely championed as a recipe for scientific progress, but the day‐to‐day practice may be different. Here, we explore the spectrum of current practice in hypothesis formulation and testing in hydrology, based on a random sample of recent research papers. This analysis suggests that in hydrology, as in other fields, hypothesis formulation and testing rarely correspond to the idealized model of the scientific method. Practices such as “p‐hacking” or “HARKing” (Hypothesizing After the Results are Known) are major obstacles to more rigorous hypothesis testing in hydrology, along with the well‐known problem of confirmation bias—the tendency to value and trust confirmations more than refutations—among both researchers and reviewers. Nonetheless, as several examples illustrate, hypothesis tests have played an essential role in spurring major advances in hydrological theory. Hypothesis testing is not the only recipe for scientific progress, however. Exploratory research, driven by innovations in measurement and observation, has also underlain many key advances. Further improvements in observation and measurement will be vital to both exploratory research and hypothesis testing, and thus to advancing the science of hydrology.
Role of internal atmospheric variability in the 2015 extreme winter climate over the North American continent
Authors: Xie Jinbo , Zhang Minghua
Published: February 2017

The North American continent experienced an extremely anomalous dipole climate in the 2014/2015 winter with record‐breaking cold temperature anomalies in the east and warm anomalies in the west. The seasonable predictability of this extreme climate has not been understood. By using a large ensemble of model simulations with the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM4) and cluster analysis under observed sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice conditions, we show that one of the simulation clusters can reproduce the observed dipole climate in this winter, but it is with low probability. This is in contrast to the two winters of 2013/2014 and 2015/2016 in which the leading clusters in surface temperature anomalies and the ensemble means are similar to observations in response to SST and sea ice conditions. Since the differences among the simulated clusters are entirely due to atmospheric initial conditions, we conclude that the 2014/2015 winter extreme dipole climate is a low‐probability event that is primarily caused by internal atmospheric variability based on the single‐model CAM4.
Lung and Pleural Tumours
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Asamura Hisao , Sobin Leslie H.
Published: February 2017

This chapter discusses lung and pleural tumours. The classifications apply to carcinomas of the lung including non&;#x02010;small cell and small cell carcinomas, bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours and malignant mesothelioma of pleura. The regional lymph nodes extend from the supraclavicular region to the diaphragm. Direct extension of the primary tumour into lymph nodes is classified as lymph node metastasis. For each category, the rules of classification, anatomical subsites, and the regional lymph nodes are provided.
Skin Tumours
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Asamura Hisao , Sobin Leslie H.
Published: February 2017

In this chapter the following anatomical sites are identified by ICD&;#x02010;O topography rubrics: lip, eyelid, external ear, unspecified parts of face, scalp and neck, trunk, upper limb and shoulder, lower limb and hip, and scrotum. The chapter discusses the rules for classification, regional lymph nodes, and TNM clinical classification for the skin tumours. N &;#x02013; regional lymph nodes, M &;#x02013; distant metastasis, and pTNM pathological classification are also discussed.
Urological Tumours
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Asamura Hisao , Sobin Leslie H.
Published: February 2017

This chapter discusses urological tumours. It focuses on tumours at the following sites: penis, prostate, testis, kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra and adrenal cortex. For each site, the rules for classification, anatomical subsites and regional lymph nodes are given. In addition, TNM clinical classification is also given for the sites.
Gallbladder
Authors: Brierley James D. , Gospodarowicz Mary K. , Wittekind Christian
Published: February 2017

Carcinomas, nodes, and metastases arising from the gallbladder have been classified clinically and pathologically. Primary sites include the gallbladder and the cystic duct. Clinical assessment is based on physical examination, imaging, and/or surgical exploration.