bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variación sintáctica en español con verbos no predicativos desde una perspectiva microparamétrica: construcciones existenciales, copulativas y semicopulativas
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá, Gumiel-Molina Silvia , Moreno-Quibén Norberto ,   Universidad de Alcalá, Pérez-Jiménez Isabel ,   Universidad de Alcalá
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo estudia los patrones de variación sintáctica que se dan en español en aquellas estructuras oracionales en las que aparecen verbos no predicativos. En concreto, nos centraremos en las construcciones copulativas con ser y estar, en las construcciones con verbos semicopulativos, y en las construcciones existenciales con haber. Nuestro objetivo es, por un lado, describir empíricamente la variación que existe respecto a estas estructuras en las distintas variedades dialectales del español y, desde el punto de vista explicativo, analizar los retos teóricos que se derivan de la existencia de esos patrones de variación.
Estrategias pragmático-discursivas en el comportamiento prosódico de los enunciados parentéticos
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba, Requena Millán Andrea María , Perea Siller Francisco Javier ,   Universidad de Córdoba
Published: December 2024

Los parentéticos son enunciados que se insertan en otros introduciendo una información aclaratoria o complementaria. El presente trabajo analiza la prosodia de estos enunciados para profundizar en su funcionamiento discursivo. Como rasgos prototípicos de estos enunciados se han identificado el descenso en la intensidad y en el tono y la aceleración en la velocidad elocutiva. Respecto a los planos de la enunciación y la modalidad, el examen de los parámetros que determinan la percepción de estos enunciados por parte de los interlocutores permite establecer una correlación entre los dos planos discursivos que se comparan y los procedimientos fonéticos que caracterizan su actualización acústica, vinculados a los parámetros que presentan diferencias más acentuadas: el tono y la velocidad elocutiva. Las variaciones que se registran reflejan una adecuación entre la forma prosódica de los parentéticos y las funciones estratégicas que cumplen en el discurso como recursos argumentativos.
Water-Extractable Organic Matter of Soils with Different Degrees of Erosion and Avulsion in a Small Catchment in the Central Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Uplands: Soil Sediments at the Dry Valley Bottom
Authors: Kholodov V. A. , Yaroslavtseva N. V. , Ziganshina A. R. , Danchenko N. N. , Danilin I. V. , Farkhodov Yu. R. , Zhidkin A. P.
Published: December 2024

We studied the composition of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) of reclaimed soils (Novic Protocalcic Chernozems) in the unplowed bottom of the dry valley and to compared it with the composition of WEOM of the plowed soils (Protocalcic Chernozems) on cropland in the small catchment. A layer-by-layer study of the composition of the WEOM of reclaimed soils was carried out from the surface to a depth of 120 cm with a step of 20 cm. Aqueous extracts were characterized by the content of organic carbon, nitrogen and pH value. The optical properties of WEOM were assessed by spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optical properties of WEOM of Protocalcic Chernozems were compared with those of sediments. The features of changes in these properties with depth in sediments were also analyzed. It was revealed that erosion-accumulation processes have a significant impact on the composition of soil WEOM. The content of dissolved carbon in WEOM does not differ significantly either between arable chernozems and sediments, or along the depth of the vertical profiles of sediments. At the same time, content of nitrogen WEOM in the arable chernozems is generally higher than in the sediments, and in the sediments it naturally decreases with the depth. Probably the decrease of nitrogen content of WEOM with the depth of sediments is associated with its absorption by plant roots and with an increase with the depth in the proportion of anaerobic zones where denitrification processes are activated. The top 0–60 cm of soil sediments actively retain nutrients leached from arable soils, primarily dissolved nitrogen. This process promotes the accumulation of carbon in the underlying layers. The increase in the content of total organic carbon in Novic Protocalcic Chernozems layers deeper than 60 cm can be explained by the accumulation of DOM penetrating from above. DOM in the lower layers of Novic Protocalcic Chernozems, on the one hand, is sorbed by the soil, and on the other hand, it is preserved due to a decrease in microbial activity due to a lack of nutrients.
China's Approach to “Reset” System of Global Economic Governance in the Context of Structural Power Theory
Authors: Ramich M. S
Published: December 2024

Globalization, which contributed to the maintenance of the neoliberal world order, slowed down after the Asian Financial Crisis in 1998 and the World Financial Crisis of 2008, when the existing system of global economic governance was unable to support developing countries, strengthening the trend towards regionalization and localization. China, acting as a rising power in the process of “power transition,” has focused its efforts on transforming the system of global governance that has so far provided US hegemony. While initially successfully using globalization for integration into the world economy, China has changed its role in the system of global governance and has become empowered to establish and maintain new global governance structures. China adopted a strategy of expanding its activities in traditional international institutions (UN, WB, IMF) and establishing parallel international institutions (BRI, AIIB) to push forward its perspective of the world order. The US adopted a strategy of decoupling to limit Chinese capabilities in its sphere of influence in response to China's economic rise. On the one hand, this led to the emergence of trade and techno-economic blocs, but on the other hand, China's approach preserved the possibility of participation in its institutions for countries which are considered to be the “core” of the existing economic order (G7, G20, OECD). The author concludes that in the present context China adheres to a non-conflict asymmetric approach to reforming the system of global governance in the economic sphere, which implies global distribution of norms through the UN, G20 and BRICS and re-globalization of global trade through intensification of regional cooperation with Asian, African and Latin American countries within the framework of the BRI, forums for cooperation between regional organizations and China, and integration of developing countries into parallel financial institutions.
Youth Policy and Patriotic Education during the Yusin Period (1972–1979)
Authors: Starshinov A. S
Published: December 2024

The article examines the features of South Korean patriotic discourse and youth policy in the 1970s through the prism of “total harmony” (cheonghwa), which was the dominant ideology of the Yusin system. The establishment of a mass school system served as the foundation for implementing patriotic education during this period, enabling the standardization of educational materials that emphasized the primacy of the nation over the individual. This system also facilitated the dissemination of patriotic practices and values associated with the defense of the Fatherland. During this period, youth policy aimed to construct a new image of young people by, on the one hand, mitigating class and status differences within this demographic, and on the other hand, addressing intensified generational, socio-economic, and political conflicts in 1970s South Korean society through the promotion of universal category of filial piety. The New Village Movement, integrated into the education system and disseminated nationwide, served as the practical embodiment of the values of “total harmony”. With a well-developed infrastructure for promoting spiritual education and “practical” patriotism, the movement also dominated volunteer activities. Through Saemaeul education, the ideology of the Yusin period emphasized themes of equality and egalitarianism, presenting young people with role models such as loyal students and volunteers contributing to the country's modernization.
ВЫПУСКНАЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИОННАЯ РАБОТА. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ОБУЧАЮЩИМСЯ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ И ОФОРМЛЕНИЮ ВЫПУСКНЫХ КВАЛИФИКАЦИОННЫХ БАКАЛАВРСКИХ РАБОТ
Authors: ВЛАДИМИРОВА Т.Н. , ЗУБАРКИНА Е.С. , МАКАРОВА П.В. , ПОДТЫНЧЕНКО Е.В.
Published: December 2024

Методические рекомендации предназначены для оказания помощи обучающимся при выполнении и оформлении выпускных квалификационных бакалаврских работ, как теоретических, так и представленных в форме медиапроекта. Пособие издается под общей редакцией Т. Н. Владимировой, доктора педагогических наук, директора Института журналистики, коммуникаций и медиаобразования Московского педагогического государственного университета. Рекомендации, приведенные в пособии, одобрены на заседании кафедры журналистики и медиакоммуникаций им. В.А. Славиной 02.10.2023 г. (протокол № 2). Пособие предназначено для направлений 42.03.02 Журналистика, 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование, 44.04.01 Педагогическое образование.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ГОТОВНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ К ИЗМЕНЕНИЯМ
Authors: ХАЛИТОВА И.В. , ИВАНОВ С.Ю.
Published: December 2024

В предлагаемой монографии раскрывается широкий круг проблем социально ориентированного управления организацией, представлен авторский подход к факторному анализу организаций, подробно анализируется социальная технология готовности организации к возможным изменениям. На основе разработанной типологии организаций рассматриваются параметры оценки организационной готовности персонала к изменениям, а также механизмы, обеспечивающие устойчивое развитие организации как социальной системы. Монография рекомендуется студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям учебных заведений, научным работникам и профильным специалистам, интересующимся вопросами социального управления в организациях.
РУКОВОДСТВО К ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ ПО ЗООЛОГИИ БЕСПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ
Authors: ЗАЙЦЕВ А.А.
Published: December 2024

Пособие ориентирует студентов на самостоятельную подготовку при выполнении ими лабораторных работ по зоологии беспозвоночных. В руководстве даются четкие методические задания по каждому занятию цикла.
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЦИФРОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: ГЛОТОВА М.Ю. , САМОХВАЛОВА Е.А.
Published: December 2024

Учебное пособие содержит изложение цифровых образовательных технологий для студентов, специализирующихся в области педагогических наук. Современное развитие цифровых технологий в применении к образовательной деятельности трансформирует технологии преподавания, образования и воспитания, меняет подходы к ним. В учебное пособие включены прикладные наработки авторов по всем рассматриваемым разделам и примеры использования цифровых технологий в профессиональной педагогической деятельности. Рекомендовано студентам высших учебных заведений педагогического профиля, обучающихся в бакалавриате.
Etnobotánica de las cactáceas andinas de Boyacá-Colombia: contribución a su conservación y saberes tradicionales
Authors:   Fundación Cataruben, Porras-Flórez Daniela ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Albesiano Sofia ,   Universidad del Tolima, Hernández-Herrera Kendry ,   Universidad de La Guajira, Gómez-Velasco Nubia ,   Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Published: December 2024

En Colombia son limitados los usos alimenticios, medicinales y ornamentales que se le dan a las cactáceas en comparación con otros países latinoamericanos y podrían llegar a constituir un potencial recurso agronómico y económico en los ecosistemas semiáridos andinos, entre los 500-2.800 m s.n.m. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito determinar los factores socioeconómicos que inciden en el conocimiento y el aprovechamiento de los taxones de cactaceas, a fin de establecer las actividades antrópicas, que ponen en riesgo la conservación de las especies y los saberes ancestrales. Para ello, se aplicaron 262 encuestas semiestructuradas, con preguntas, como nombre, edad, género, nivel educativo, fuente de empleo, entre otras; se establecieron ocho categorías de uso: agrícola, agroecológico, alimentario, comercial, medicinal, ornamental, servicio ambiental y tecnológico; se calcularon tres índices, importancia relativa, valor de uso para cada una de las especies y riqueza de conocimientos de los participantes. Se reportan nueve especies, de las cuales, ocho se utilizan como alimento y una especie, como ornamental, destacándose Opuntia ficus-indica, por su diversidad de usos, mientras que Cylindropuntia tunicata, no reporta importancia. Variables, como la edad y el tiempo de residencia, mostraron una relación significativa con el número de plantas utilizadas por los participantes. Se espera que los resultados contribuyan a difundir y conservar el conocimiento local, a la preservación de la flora cactológica y promover su cultivo a gran escala, ya que especies, como Mammillaria columbiana, Melocactus andinus y Melocactus curvispinus, están siendo utilizadas de manera insostenible, lo que podría provocar su extinción local.
ҰЙЫТҚЫ ҚОСЫЛҒАН НАННЫҢ ФИЗИКА-ХИМИЯЛЫҚ КӨРСЕТКІШТЕРІ МЕН ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІ
Authors: Дуйсенбай А.А. , Асембаева Э.К. , Кожахиева М.О. , Нурмуханбетова Д.Е. , Божбанов А.Ж.
Published: December 2024

Нан пісіру саласын дамытудың басым бағыты шикізатты ұтымды пайдаланатын, қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз ететін, сондай-ақ өнімнің тағамдық және биологиялық құндылығын арттыратын технологияларды қолдану болып табылады. Нан күнделікті тұтынатын өнім болып табылады, сондықтан функционалды нан өнімдерінің ассортиментін жасап, олардың өндірісін ұлғайту маңызды. Бұл бағыт сүтқышқылды бактериялардың штаммдарынан тұратын ұйытқы негізіндегі нан дайындау технологиясын қамтиды. Нан пісіруде әртүрлі құрамдағы ұйытқы дақылдарын кеңінен қолдану өндірушілердің нан дайындау рецептінде ашытқыларды пайдалануды азайтуға ұмтылуымен байланысты.
Нанның сапасы мен қауіпсіздігін арттыру нан пісіру саласындағы зерттеулердің негізгі бағыты болып табылады. Бұл мақалада функционалды өнім қасиетіне ие нан өндіру технологиясын жасау мақсатында нан үлгілерінің физика-химиялық сапа көрсеткіштері мен қауіпсіздігіне талдаулар жүргізілді.
Нанның сапалық сипаттамалары сүтқышқылды бактериялардың штаммдарынан тұратын ұйытқы қосылғанда айтарлықтай жақсарады. Ұйытқы қосу нанның қышқылдығына өзгерістер туғызды, ұйытқы қосылғанда қышқылдылық 0,3 градусқа жоғарылады. Ұйытқы қосылып дайындалған нан ашытқыға қарағанда жоғары қышқылдыққа ие болады, бұл өз кезегінде өнімнің сапасына оң әсер етеді. Осы қасиетінің арқасында ұйытқы қосылған нан балғындығын, дәмін және хош иісін ұзағырақ сақтай алады. Барлық үлгілердегі кеуектілік қалыпты шектерде болды, нанның кеуектілік көрсеткіші 69-71,2% аралығында болады. Ылғалдылықта айтарлықтай айырмашылық болмады.
Жүргізілген зерттеулер мен алынған мәліметтер негізіне сүйене отырып сүтқышқылды бактериялардың штаммдарынан тұратын ұйытқы қосу нан үлгілеріне физика-химиялық сапа көрсеткіштеріне оң әсер етеді деп қорытындылауға болады. Зерттелетін нан үлгілеріндегі ауыр металдардың концентрациясы мен радионуклидтер шекті рұқсат етілген концентрациядан аспады.
Aktuelle Fluchtmigrationen als Anlass für diskriminierungskritischen schulischen Wandel? Empirische Analysen und Reflexion von Transformationserwartungen
Authors: Kollender Ellen , Schwendowius Dorothee
Published: December 2024

Angesichts der Fluchtbewegungen der letzten Jahre, wie aus Syrien und der Ukraine, eröffnen sich Fragen nach Kontinuitäten sowie (kollektiven) Lern- und Veränderungsprozessen in Schulen hinsichtlich der Begleitung transnationaler Bildungswege. Der Beitrag geht diesen Fragen basierend auf Interviewanalysen aus einem qualitativ-explorativen Forschungsprojekt nach. Vor dem Hintergrund der Reflexion eigener Transformationserwartungen, die durch die Perspektive diskriminierungskritischer Schulentwicklung angeregt sind, werden Praktiken der Begleitung geflüchteter Schüler:innen rekonstruiert und auf ihre Bedeutung für eine diskriminierungskritische schulische Transformation befragt. Es wird gezeigt, dass institutionelle Spielräume in einigen Schulen zwar für kritische Reflexionen und Praktiken genutzt werden, um (potenziellen) Ausschlüssen im Kontext von Flucht entgegenzuwirken. Diese Interventionen deuten jedoch weniger auf eine Transformation im Sinne einer umfassenden diskriminierungskritischen Veränderung von Schule, denn auf ein Navigieren an den Rändern des institutionell Geregelten, das sich als ambivalent erweist.
Krisenkonstellationen schulischer Transformation – Verunmöglichungen des Sprechens über Rassismus im Spannungsfeld institutionalisierter Routinen und rassismuskritischer Professionalisierung
Authors: Doğmuş Aysun , Steinbach Anja
Published: December 2024

Mit dem Beitrag rücken wir das Spannungsfeld rassismuskritischer Professionalisierung in den Mittelpunkt, das sich in der Auseinandersetzung von Lehrer:innen mit institutionalisierten Routinen an Schulen während ihrer Teilnahme an einer Fortbildung entfalten kann. Anhand empirischer Analysen aus zwei qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Studien werden Verunmöglichungen des Sprechens über Rassismus nachgezeichnet. Dieses Spannungsfeld der Verunmöglichungen diskutieren wir als Verweis auf eine doppelte Krise, da die Krise das Deuten und Handeln der Lehrer:innen und institutionalisierte Routinen, somit auch die symbolische Ordnung der Schule, berührt. Es werden exemplarisch folgende drei Krisenkonstellationen skizziert: Die (läutenden) Alarmglocken, die Außendarstellung des (schulischen) Selbst und der Rassist im (selben) Boot. Auf dieser Grundlage wird das Potenzial der Krisenkonstellationen für schulische Transformation im Blickwinkel umkämpfter Transition ausgelotet und die empirisch-analytische Konzeptualisierung der Wechselseitigkeit von rassismuskritischer Professionalisierung und Schulentwicklung mit Impulsen für die Diskussion um Bildungserfordernisse der Migrationsgesellschaft geschärft.
2019 VE 2024 ORTAOKUL TÜRKÇE DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMLARININ EĞİTİM PROGRAMI ÖGELERİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Karakoç Öztürk Başak , Alyaprak Aysel Merve
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2019 Türkçe dersi öğretim programı (TDÖP) ile 2024 yılında uygulanması uygun görülen Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli’nin eğitim programının amaç, içerik, eğitim durumları ve ölçme-değerlendirme ögeleri açısından karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmış, her iki program da dört temel öge açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın dokümanlarını, 2019 ve 2024 yıllarında yayımlanan Türkçe öğretim programları oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda programların amaç/hedef ögesine yönelik özel amaçlar ve kazanımlar/öğrenme çıktıları, içerik ögesine yönelik temalar dikkate alınmıştır. Programlar söz konusu ögeler açısından incelendiğinde 2019 TDÖP’de sözü edilen konuların 2024 TDÖP’de içeriğinin genişletilerek ve açıklamalı örneklerle birlikte yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu durumda, her iki programın da yapılandırmacı yaklaşım ekseninde hazırlanmasının rolü önemlidir. Özellikle bilginin öğrenci tarafından aktif olarak yapılandırılması, hazırbulunuşluk kavramının önemsenmesi, ezberci bir yaklaşımdan ziyade yaparak yaşayarak öğrenmenin ön planda tutulması gibi hususlar her iki programın da temelini oluşturmakta ve amaç ifadelerine yansımaktadır.
Türkçe dersi özelinde belirlenen amaçlarda ise dört temel dil becerisinin önemine, sarmal yapıya, tematik yaklaşıma dair bakış açıları benzerlik göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte önceki programa göre dil bilgisi/dil yapıları gibi konuların daha farklı bir bakış açısıyla ele alındığı görülmektedir. Eğitim durumları ögesine göre ise 2024 TDÖP’de ilk defa yer alan strateji ve yöntem öğretimi uygulama esasları ile üretim atölyesi uygulama esasları başlıkları dikkate alınmıştır. Böylece iki program arasında dikkat çeken farklılıklara ayrıca vurgu yapılmıştır. Bir program geliştirme sürecinin belki de en kritik ögelerinden olan ölçme-değerlendirme ögesi açısından 2019 ve 2024 TDÖP’ler incelendiğinde ise benzerliklerin yoğunlukta olduğu ancak 2024 TDÖP’de yoğun bir içeriğin olduğu ve öğretmenlere örneklerin sunulduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte programlar farklı boyutlarıyla bir bütün olarak incelendiğinde 2024 TDÖP’nin işlevsel olabilmesi için programın uygulayıcıları olan Türkçe öğretmenlerinin de yeterli donanıma sahip olması, bu yetkinliğin programda vurgulanan uygulamalara imkân tanıyacak nitelikte olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
Effectiveness of Simultaneous Combined Intervention for Enhancing Cognitive Function in Patients with Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ben Ayed Ines , Ammar Achraf , Aouichaoui Chirine , Naija Salma , Ben Amor Sana , Glenn Jordan M. , Chtourou Hamdi , Jahrami Haitham , Trabelsi Khaled , Trabelsi Yassine , El Massioui Farid
Published: December 2024

Background:

The evidence supporting the effectiveness of combined interventions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients remains inconclusive.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid- and long-term effectiveness of physical training, alone or combined with cognitive games, on cognitive performance in patients with moderate AD.

Methods:

Seventy-nine AD patients (≈73% females, age of ≈70±1 years) were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic-based training (AT-group, n = 27), aerobic-based training plus cognitive games (ACT-group, n = 25), and a control group engaged in reading (CG, n = 26), two sessions per week. Cognitive performance was evaluated at the start, 4th week (W4), end of the 8th week (W8), and after a 4-week detraining period (W12), using problem-solving (Tower-of-Hanoi), selective attention (Stroop-test), and working memory (Digit-Span-test) assessments. Stress levels and quality of life were also evaluated. Results: Aerobic and combined training induced a positive effect on all cognitive functions tested at W4 (except problem-solving) and W8 (all p < 0.001) with greater improvements in working-memory and problem-solving in ACT-group ( p < 0.05). Depression levels also decreased significantly, and quality of life improved at W8 ( p < 0.001) in both groups. After 4 weeks of detraining, the beneficial effect of AT and ACT was still observed. The CG did not show any significant improvements at all time points. Conclusions: Physical and cognitive interventions appear effective for improving cognitive-functions, quality-of-life, and reducing depression in AD patients. Combined training emerges as a more effective strategy to mitigate AD progression. Further research is necessary to validate these results and explore their potential for preventing early cognitive decline.
Study of amyloid-β peptide functional brain networks in AD, MCI and HC
Authors: Jiang Jiehui , Duan Huoqiang , Huang Zheming , Yu Zhihua , The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2024

Abstract

One medical challenge in studying the amyloid- β (A β) peptide mechanism for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is exploring the law of beta toxic oligomers’ diffusion in human brains in vivo. One beneficial means of solving this problem is brain network analysis based on graph theory. In this study, the characteristics of A β functional brain networks of Healthy Control (HC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and AD groups were compared by applying graph theoretical analyses to Carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (11C PiB-PET) data. 120 groups of PiB-PET images from the ADNI database were analyzed. The results showed that the small-world property of MCI and AD were lost as compared to HC. Furthermore, the local clustering of networks was higher in both MCI and AD as compared to HC, whereas the path length was similar among the three groups. The results also showed that there could be four potential A β toxic oligomer seeds: Frontal_Sup_Medial_L, Parietal_Inf_L, Frontal_Med_Orb_R, and Parietal_Inf_R. These four seeds are corresponding to Regions of Interests referred by physicians to clinically diagnose AD.
Clinical application of the measurement of spontaneous erythrocyte aggregation and disaggregation. A pilot study
Authors: Firsov N.N. , Bjelle A. , Korotaeva T.V. , Priezzhev A.V. , Ryaboshapka O.M.
Published: December 2024

Aggregation and disaggregation kinetics of erythrocytes in samples of whole blood were studied using a backscattering nephelometry technique. Blood was drawn from normal subjects and from patients suffering from different diseases: chronic glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hereditary hypercholesterolemia, pulmonary hypertension, intestinal tumors preoperatively (age $>$ 60 years), psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ischemia and ischemia with diabetes. Blood samples of healthy donors were used as controls. The backscattering signal in the erythroaggregometer was processed according to algorithms yielding quantitative data on the full amplitude of aggregation, characteristic times of spontaneous aggregation, average hydrodynamic strength of all aggregates and, whenever possible, additionally, strength of the largest aggregates. The obtained results confirm that the complexity of erythrocyte aggregation kinetics requires multiparametric description which, when applied to clinical material, enables the differentiation of aggregation characteristics between diseases.
Newly developed initial‐flow cell filtrometer and the comparison with viscometry and ektacytometry on erythrocyte deformability
Authors: Peng Jian , Liao Fu‐long , Yin Xiao‐jie
Published: December 2024

According to Hanss’s initial‐flow rate method, F. Liao designed a new cell filtrometer in the early 1990s. The parameters, cell initial transit time ( $T_{\rm c}$ ) and membrane clogging rate (CR), can be determined by a single measurement with timing accuracy of 1 ms. The new cell filtrometer has two valuable features: a button‐pushing operation to control electromagnetic valves; and an autocirculation of fluid in the cell filtrometer resulting in the same volume of leading fluid. A series of comparisons of the new filtrometry with viscometry or ektacytometry shows that the instrument seems to be more sensitive in detecting subpopulations of glutaraldehyde‐hardened cells and the shift of deformability for all the cells. The reproducibility of the filtrometer for different membranes made in China and the USA is reasonable ( ${\rm CV}<5$ % for $T_{\rm c}$ ). Preliminary application of the filtrometer indicates that it might be useful for trial study and routine clinical application.
Exploiting TFET-based technology for energy-efficient STT-MRAM cells
Authors: Pérez Santiago S. , Bedoya Alessandro , Prócel Luis Miguel , Taco Ramiro
Published: December 2024

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) has been demonstrated to be a leading candidate for on-chip memory technology. In this work, double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) is exploited to define STT-MRAMs at the circuit-level (i.e. at the bitcell level). The DMTJ-based bitcells are built from tunnel-FET technology and benchmarked against a calibrated 10 nm-FinFET technology model. STT-MRAM bitcells operate in the ultra-low voltage domain, and are evaluated in terms of energy-efficiency and area. Simulation results points out that the tunnel-FET based solution is the most energy-efficient alternative, in terms of energy-delay-product (EDP), when evaluated at the 6σ corner. Quantitatively, when compared against the FinFET-based design, the TFET-based bitcell exhibits 58% lower EDP, 40% better delay and 34% reduced writing energy. Finally, a leakage analysis was also carried out, showing that TFET-based STT-MRAM bitcells have lower leakage current as compared to the FinFET-based counterpart.
Advanced 3D electromagnetic transient-thermal steady coupled FEM simulation of a LV busbar of a rectifier transformer
Authors: Negro Massimo , Galdi Roberto
Published: December 2024

The design of industrial rectifier transformers for use in the field of aluminum production requires the evaluation of the effects of current harmonics in the waveforms, in terms of electromagnetic fields interacting with the transformer’s constituent materials. The waveforms of the currents flowing through the windings and high-current output connections of transformers are highly distorted waveforms due to a high presence of harmonics that contribute significantly to the overall losses developed within the system causing overstress of the insulation materials. The evaluation of the electromagnetic effects of these harmonics cannot be approached by means of a time-harmonic steady-state study of the problem, but a time transient must be simulated for a more accurate evaluation.
Amphetamine fails to facilitate motor performance and to enhance	motor recovery among stroke patients with mild arm paresis: Interim analysis	and termination of a double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Platz T. , Kim I.-H. , Engel U. , Pinkowski C. , Eickhof C. , Kutzner M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To assess the effects of d-amphetamine on motor facilitation and recovery in stroke patients with mild arm paresis receiving the Arm Ability training.

Methods. Thirty-one stroke patients with mild arm paresis were randomly assigned to either (a.) receiving placebo or (b.) d-amphetamine twice a week 2 hours before Arm Ability training sessions for three weeks. Main outcome measure: time needed to perform TEMPA tasks, a measure of upper extremity performance reflecting everyday life tasks. Secondary measures: aimed movements, tapping, and a 10 m walkway as well as motor performance during training sessions.

Results. The interim efficacy analysis of 26 stroke patients who completed the study intervention showed overall arm motor recovery both from pre to post test after 3 weeks of training and from pre test to follow-up 1 year later. No superior effect of d-amphetamine over placebo could be substantiated for either motor facilitation during training or motor recovery (post training or long-term). D-amphetamine exerted mild effects on blood pressure. Serious adverse events were not observed.

Conclusions. d-Amphetamine failed to facilitate motor performance during training sessions, to promote skill acquisition with training tasks, and most importantly to enhance motor recovery among patients with mild arm paresis after stroke.
Training the "less-affected" forelimb after unilateral cortical	infarcts interferes with functional recovery of the impaired forelimb in	rats
Authors: Allred R.P. , Maldonado M.A. , Hsu and J.E. , Jones T.A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Unilateral lesions of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) in adult rats cause major behavioral changes in the ipsilesional, "less-affected" forelimb. An increase in function and reliance on this forelimb can aid compensation for contralesional impairments, but may also promote disuse and reduced functionality of the impaired forelimb. We hypothesized that training focused on the ipsilesional forelimb following a unilateral SMC lesion would reduce the efficacy of later motor rehabilitative training of the impaired forelimb.

Methods: Rats with ischemic SMC lesions were trained on a skilled reaching task with the ipsilesional forelimb (PriorT) or received control procedures (Cont) for 10 days. Both groups were then trained with the impaired forelimb on the same reaching task for 10 days.

Results: In comparison with Cont, PriorT rats had little improvement on the reaching task with the impaired forelimb and had a more enduring disuse of the impaired forelimb for postural support behaviors. Lesion sizes were similar between groups.

Conclusions: Behavioral experience with the less-affected forelimb early after unilateral SMC lesions has the potential to increase disuse and dysfunction of the impaired forelimb, consistent with a training-induced exacerbation of learned non-use. These findings are suggestive of competitive processes in experience-dependent neural restructuring after brain damage.
Erythropoietin enhances neurological recovery after experimental	spinal cord injury
Authors: Boran Burak O. , Colak Ahmet , Kutlay Murat
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Erythropoietin is a hematopoietic growth factor. It is also involved in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of erythropoietin in enhancing the neurological recovery following experimental spinal cord injury.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received only laminectomy. Group 2, 3, and 4 have undergone a spinal contusion injury of 50 gr/cm. Group 2 received no medication. Group 3 received 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone. Group 4 received 5000 IU/kg recombinant human erythropoietin. Following injury, neurological recovery was evaluated for 14 days, using a swimming test.

Results: At day 1, there was no difference between mean motor scores of group 2, 3, and 4. Following day 1, rats in group 4 exhibited a marked improvement in motor score, and this was maintained throughout the study. When compared to group 2, mean motor score of group 4 was significantly higher at day 4, 7, 10, and 14. When compared to group 3, mean motor score of group 4 was significantly higher at day 7, 10, and 14.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that erythropoietin enhances neurological recovery following spinal cord injury and it seems to be more effective than methylprednisolone at the given doses.
Alterations in conduction characteristics of crushed peripheral	nerves
Authors: Mert Tufan , Gunay Ismail , Polat Sait
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Nerve crush injury results in the incapability to maintain conduction of an impulse. Disruption in the myelin sheath causes very important changes in the activities of ion channels. Therefore, crushed and intact sciatic nerves were researched with both histological and electrophysiological methods in this study.

Methods: Electron and light microscopy for histological examinations, a sucrose-gap recording techniques for electrophysiological examinations were used. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and Tetraethylammonium (TEA) were used to functional separation of the fast and slow K $^+$ channels.

Results: The number of damaged myelinated nerve fiber was counted as 750 ± 3.5. Lamellar separation and disruption in myelin sheath was frequently observed in these fibers. Conduction velocity of crushed nerves (19 ± 2 m/s) was half of the intact nerves. The relationship between equally spaced interstimulus interval and their responses demonstrated that 4-AP and 4-AP plus TEA have more pronounced effects on crushed nerves than on intact nerves. After 4-AP, TEA application caused an efficiently depolarization in the membrane potential.

Conclusions: The effects of 4-AP and 4-AP plus TEA suggest the involvement of slow and fast K $^+$ channels and slow Na $^+$ currents in membrane potential and action potential repolarization. Minimal myelin damage may significantly influence the subsequent impulse generation and the patterning of action potential activity.
ρ-NeRF: Leveraging Attenuation Priors in Neural Radiance Field for 3D Computed Tomography Reconstruction
Authors: Zhou Li , Yu Hengyong
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces \(\rho\)-NeRF, a self-supervised approach that sets a new standard in novel view synthesis (NVS) and computed tomography (CT) reconstruction by modeling a continuous volumetric radiance field enriched with physics-based attenuation priors. The  \(\rho\)-NeRF represents a three-dimensional (3D) volume through a fully-connected neural network that takes a single continuous four-dimensional (4D) coordinate—spatial location \((x,y,z)\) and an initialized attenuation value \((\rho)\)—and outputs the attenuation coefficient at that position. By querying these 4D coordinates along X-ray paths, the classic forward projection technique is applied to integrate attenuation data across the 3D space. By matching and refining pre-initialized attenuation values derived from traditional reconstruction algorithms like Feldkamp-Davis-Kress algorithm (FDK) or conjugate gradient least squares (CGLS), the enriched schema delivers superior fidelity in both projection synthesis and image reconstruction, with negligible extra computational overhead. The paper details the optimization of \(\rho\)-NeRF for accurate NVS and high-quality CT reconstruction from a limited number of projections, setting a new standard for sparse-view CT applications.
GENETIC VARIABILITY AMONG SOYBEAN LINEAGES BASED ON SEED MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS
Authors: Bandeira Willyan Júnior Adorian , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Sangiovo Jaqueline Piesanti , Loro Murilo Vieira , Dalla Roza João Pedro , Pradebon Leonardo Cesar
Published: December 2024

Understanding genetic variability in soybean lineages allows breeding programs to be guided by the precise identification of desirable characteristics and the selection of superior genotypes adapted to Brazilian conditions. This work aimed to identify the genetic dissimilarity of soybean lineages based on morphological and biochemical markers of the seed. The study was conducted at the UNIJUÍ Farm School using 145 F7 generation lineages and 86 F10 generation lineages. Qualitative traits related to the seed were measured. Wide genetic variability was evaluated for color of halo and hilum color. The dataset was submitted to multivariate statistical analysis to verify the associations between the variables and the genetic dissimilarity of the evaluated lineages. Forming four large groups of genotypes was possible based on the genetic dissimilarity dendrogram obtained with the UPGMA method. Centroids 11, 16, and 17 differed from all the others, with 16 being the most distant. Genetic variability exists in F7 and F10 lineages for seed morphological and biochemical markers. Lineages 135F7IRC33, 62F10IRC41, and 25F10IRC35 showed the greatest dissimilarity related to the other lineages.
Ideológiai változások az afrikai fegyveres konfliktusok hátterében
Authors: Fercsák Balázs
Published: December 2024

A tanulmány az afrikai fegyveres konfliktusok kapcsán jelentkező ideológiákat igyekszik bemutatni a dekolonizációtól egészen napjaink fegyveres konfliktusaiig, valamennyi korszak tekintetében az adott ideológia egy-egy jeles képviselőjére részletesebben is kitérve. A vizsgálat – a jelzett időszakokra figyelemmel – elsősorban a gyarmatellenes felkelésekre, forradalmi háborúkra, illetve a vallási alapú fegyveres konfliktusokra koncentrál. A tanulmány célja a konfliktusok hátterében húzódó ideológiai változások elemzése a világ egyik, a fegyveres erőszaktól leginkább sújtott régiója vonatkozásában.
Kidney Stone Detection using CNN Algorithm
Authors: Nisha N  , Shrieya S  , R Shreyas  , Keerti Kulkarni  , Jyoti Raghavendra Munavalli
Published: December 2024

Kidney stones are a prevalent condition that can cause intense pain, with early detection being critical for effective treatment. Traditionally, radiologists rely on CT scans or X-rays to identify kidney stones, but this manual process can be time-consuming and subject to human error. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are emerging as a valuable tool in medical imaging, offering the potential to automate the kidney stone detection process and improve diagnostic accuracy. By training on extensive datasets of kidney images, CNNs can learn to detect stones and reduce inconsistencies between different radiologists' analyses. The CNN model is trained by processing labeled images iteratively, adjusting its internal parameters to improve detection accuracy, and is evaluated using metrics like precision, recall, and accuracy. Though challenges remain, including data acquisition, potential model bias, and regulatory considerations, CNNs could transform kidney stone diagnostics, enabling faster, more reliable diagnoses and supporting radiologists in delivering improved patient care outcomes.
Herbal Contraceptives: A Conventional Birth Control Method
Authors: Anandi Navnit Kothale  , Dr. Neha N. Rajpurohit  , Namrata Mahadev Rajurkar
Published: December 2024

One of the main strategies that appears to be successful in population management is human fertility control. Numerous potential techniques, such as hormonal and pharmacological ones, have been used to cause infertility. Because of their apparent safety, cost, and accessibility, herbal contraceptives have attracted growing interest as supplemental or alternative birth control techniques. The scientific evidence pertaining to several plant-based contraceptive drugs is reviewed in this review study, which also looks at their safety profiles, modes of action, efficacy, and possible adverse effects. Many plant species are said to have contraceptive qualities, and herbal treatments have long been used in traditional medical systems across various cultures to regulate reproduction. Among the mechanisms of action studied are uterine contractility regulation, spermatogenesis disruption, ovulation inhibition, and hormonal modulation. The paper also discusses herbal formulations, dose accuracy, and potential herb-drug interactions. It also highlights the necessity of conducting more thorough research, such as randomized controlled trials, in order to more accurately determine whether herbal contraceptives are a viable ainstream choice. This study seeks to present a fair assessment of the state of herbal contraception today and encourage more research into their potential as affordable, sustainable family planning options, especially in environments with limited resources.
Collocations in Blogs
Authors: Stanić Monika , Dobrić Basaneže Katja
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of collocations in blogs.It analyses collocations in three small subcorpora, focusing on books andwriting, health and fitness, and personal experiences. The analysis includesa selection of the ten most frequent nouns from the wordlists producedby Sketch Engine[1] and the investigation of their word sketches. Thecollocations included in the analysis are of the “modifiers of x” and “verbswith x as object” structure. The results suggest that blogs are a snapshot ofa domain-specific phraseology, thus representing a valuable resource bothfor bloggers and language learners.
Inteligência artificial nas universidades chilenas
Authors: Moller-Acuña Patricia Andrea , Villarroel Giordano Aarón Castro , Rojas-Díaz Pedro José , Suárez Katihuska Tahiri Mota
Published: December 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo explorar o impacto da inteligência artificial (IA) no campo acadêmico das universidades chilenas, avaliando seus benefícios e possíveis desvantagens. Foi realizada uma análise reflexiva e documental onde será aplicado um questionário aos professores sobre o uso da IA em seus processos educacionais, juntamente com uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos anteriores sobre a implementação da tecnologia no ensino superior. Várias áreas de aplicação são consideradas, como personalização de aprendizado e automação de tarefas. Os resultados quantitativos revelam que 70% dos professores pesquisados consideram que a IA oferece uma vantagem significativa na personalização do aprendizado, enquanto 65% reconhecem que a automação de tarefas administrativas melhorou o gerenciamento de recursos e o tempo gasto no ensino. No entanto, 60% dos professores expressam preocupação com a dependência tecnológica e a possível diminuição da qualidade pedagógica.
İŞ HUKUKUNDA EĞİLİMLİ İŞLETMELER
Authors: Ayan Hasan Alparslan
Published: December 2024

Çalışma yaşamında belli bir eğilime ait olması ile tanınan işletmelerin varlığı, iş hukuku açısından önem arz eder. Alman hukuku kaynaklı eğilimli işletme kavramının, bu önemine binaen, Türk hukuku açısından da ele alınması gerekir. Bu bakımdan işletmenin eğilimli olup olmadığının tespitinin nasıl yapılması gerektiği Alman hukukunda tartışmalıdır. Dolayısıyla işletmedeki eğilimlerin tespiti konusuna odaklanmak gerekir ve bu çalışmada da bu konu öncelikle ele alınmıştır.
Eğilimli işletmelerin dikkat çekici iki unsuru bulunmaktadır. Birincisi, eğilimin korunmasıdır. Eğilimin korunması, Alman hukukunda işçilerin yönetime katılması ve işyeri kurulunun yetkilerinin sınırlandı-rılması çerçevesinde ele alınır. Aynı zamanda anayasal hakların korunması ve kamusal yaşamın demokratik düzeyde sağlanması ile de ilgilidir. Eğilimin korunmasına yönelik bu bakış açısının Türk hukuku açısından uygulanabilirliğinin olup olmadığı, bu çalışmada ele alınan diğer bir konu olmuştur.
Eğilim taşıyıcısı ise bu tür işletmelerin ikinci unsuru olarak ön plandadır. İş hukukunun esas konusu işletmede çalıştırılan işçilerin durumunu ele almak olduğuna göre, eğilim taşıyıcısının özellikleri de iş sözleşmesinden kaynaklanan haklar ve borçlar çerçevesinde açıklanmalıdır. Türk hukukunda eğilimli işletmelerin kapsamı toplumda yer edindikleri öneme kıyasla dar ölçektedir. Bu çalışma ile eğilimli işletmelerin türlerinden bahsedilmiş ve kapsamının genişletilmesine bir ihtiyacın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır.
Eğilimli işletmelerin iş ilişkisine etkisi vardır. Bu etkiyi, iş sözleşmesinin kurulmasından sözleşmesinin sona erdiği zamana kadar gözlemlemek mümkündür. Bu sebeple iş ilanı ve iş görüşmesi süreci eğilimli işletmeler bakımından ele alınmıştır. Sonrasında eğilimli işletmelerde sadakat borcuna, işverenin yönetim hakkına ve kişisel verilerin korunması konularına değinilmiştir. Fesih konusunda ise öğretide açık bir şekilde vurgulanmamış olan eğilim feshi kavramı ele alınmış ve eğilimli işletmenin gerekleri nedeniyle feshin uygulanabilirliği ayrıca tartışılmıştır.
Quantification of block testing for coated paper substrates
Authors: MARIANELLI ALLYSON , GLOR ETHAN
Published: December 2024

Block resistance is a critical property for coated paper and board substrate that will be rolled, stacked, or otherwise contact itself after coating. Small differences in the coated substrate’s blocking can determine whether the substrate can be successfully used for its designated purpose. However, this crucial property is typically evaluated using a qualitative scale that is based on subjective operator ratings and impacted by factors that include: (1) sound of coated substrate during separation, and (2) force with which substrates are separated. This paper tests the hypothesis that quantifying the block test by measuring the force required to peel samples apart improves the test by: (1) providing more standardized testing conditions by controlling peel force and rate; (2) more clearly differentiating samples that experience minimal to some blocking; and (3) maintaining customizability to evaluate customer-specific test conditions. The method developed in this study uses a standard block tester and block testing conditions, but it peels the coated paper samples using a hot tack/heat seal instrument with force measurement capabilities. This paper demonstrates, using the instrument’s heat seal capabilities, that it can measure peel forces that represent the full range of observable block scores. The efficacy of this method was evaluated by having a group of trained operators engage in a randomized, blind experiment where they assessed block resistance on a set of coated paper samples using a modified qualitative block scale and compared their results to force measurements collected using the proposed method. The sample set included two coatings that have successfully run in commercial trials with minimal blocking, and one coating that experienced significant blocking in commercial trials despite only exhibiting some blocking at standard block test conditions in laboratory testing. The quantitative test method presented in this paper clearly differentiated these samples, whereas the qualitative assessment could not predict which samples had suitable block resistance for commercial use. As any tensile tester capable of measuring with 0.1 N resolution can be used for the Quantitative Block Test, the proposed method can be widely adopted. Furthermore, this method can be used for any block condition.