bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Training in Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kolokythas Nico , Metsios George S. , Galloway Shaun M. , Allen Nick , Wyon Matthew A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: It is well documented that there is high prevalence of injuries in pre-professional and professional ballet dancers. Current evidence from high in quality and quantity research on in- jury prevention in sport indicates that interventions can reduce injury risks by 30% to 50%. Injury prevention research in dance is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility (adherence, fidelity, and practicality) of a randomized controlled trial for the utilization of neuromuscular training in pre-professional ballet dancers.
 Methods: A convenience sample of 22 pre-professional ballet dancers were randomized into an intervention and control group. The intervention group took part in a neuromuscular-based training workout, five times per week before the ballet class, for 10 weeks. The intervention was an adaptation of the FIFA 11+, an injury prevention intervention and is called 11+ Dance. The intervention consisted of low intensity bodyweight exercises that lasted 20 to 30 minutes performed daily.
 Results: Intervention adherence was 38% ± 8%, with higher participation at the beginning of the study. Attendance for post-testing was low 45% and 36% for the intervention and control group, respectively, mainly due to injury. There were no adverse effects reported, however, the participants reported delayed onset muscle soreness at the beginning of the intervention, indicating that there may be a potential training effect. Fear of muscle hypertrophy and fatigue were also reported as reasons for attrition. The repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically non-significant differences for the countermovement jump F(1, 9) = 0.36, p = 0.564,η2p= 0.04; reactive strength index F(1, 7) = 0.02, p = 0.885,η2p= 0.003; and the isometric mid-thigh pull F(1, 12) = 0.002, p = 0.967,η2p= 0.000.
 Conclusion: The results of the study, together with the feedback from the participants, suggest that some protocol modifications are necessary for the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial in a pre-professional setting. The current trial has produced valuable information for the intervention frequency and load prescription.
Ζητήματα σχετικά με το τέλος της ζωής σε ενήλικες – Ευθανασία
Authors: Βασιλειάδης Γεώργιος , Ζαχαρόπουλος π. Δημήτριος , Κούση Χρυσαυγή , Τζερμπίνου Ανθή
Published: June 2022

Η παρούσα εργασία εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο των εκπαιδευτικών Σεμιναρίων με θέμα «Σύγχρονα Θέματα Βιοηθικής» - Δ’ Κύκλος (Φεβρουάριος – Μάιος 2021) που διοργανώθηκε από την Εθνική Επιτροπή Βιοηθικής και Τεχνοηθικής και το Εργαστήριο Μελέτης Ιατρικού Δικαίου της Νομικής Σχολής του Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης. Θέμα της μελέτης είναι τα ζητήματα που σχετίζονται με το τέλος της ζωής σε ενήλικες και η ευθανασία, ένα θέμα διαχρονικό που επηρεάζει τη σκέψη επιστημόνων διαφόρων κλάδων, για αυτό συνεργαστήκαμε επιστήμονες από διαφορετικούς κλάδους επιχειρώντας να αναλύσει ο καθένας από μας πώς αντιμετωπίζονται τα ζητήματα σχετικά με το τέλος της ζωής από την πλευρά της επιστήμης του. Στόχος της μελέτης είναι ακριβώς μέσω αυτής της διεπιστημονικότητας να αναλυθούν σφαιρικά και όσο το δυνατόν πιο λεπτομερώς τα ζητήματα σχετικά με το τέλος της ζωής και να παρουσιαστούν ορισμένα συμπεράσματα. Αρχικά, παρατίθενται τα ηθικά ζητήματα που εγείρονται σχετικά με την ευθανασία, ενώ στη συνέχεια υπογραμμίζεται η θέση των διαφόρων θρησκειών σχετικά με τα ζητήματα για το τέλος της ζωής. Εν συνεχεία, επιχειρείται η αναζήτηση της ύπαρξης ή μη ενός δικαιώματος στο θάνατο, η νομική οριοθέτηση των ζητημάτων αυτών με έμφαση στην ευθανασία, αλλά και η νομολογιακή επισκόπηση, κυρίως των αποφάσεων του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαστηρίου Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου (ΕΔΔΑ). Στο τέλος, η παρούσα μελέτη αναφέρεται στον τρόπο με τον οποίο η ιατροδικαστική επιστήμη αντιμετωπίζει το τέλος της ζωής.
Fertility Tourism: The legal side of this phenomenon without borders
Authors: Barbu Raluca Maria
Published: June 2022

Fertility, reproductive or procreative tourism are all new terms which designate a growing trend of the 21st century, namely the movement of people to other countries in order to undergo fertility treatment. Thus, this phenomenon implies multiple legal, bioethical, sociological issues and more, which need to be taken into consideration both by the national policymakers and by the ones seeking for such treatments abroad. This review article will try to offer a bigger picture by focusing on the particularities of the national laws on medical assisted reproduction of four representative EU countries, namely Germany, Austria, Italy and France and on interpreting how the restrictions in one state could boost the fertility tourism industry in other ones. The situation in each country will be depicted in a comparative manner, tackling the legislation, regulations and even relevant domestic jurisprudence on topics such as gamete donation and its anonymity regime, post-mortem reproduction, surrogacy services and cryopreservation. Moreover, it will be determined who is entitled to have fertility treatment in each of the countries subject of the analysis and how do these states fund the procedures. Furthermore, the most popular non-EU countries of destination will be presented and why one would prefer to undergo fertility treatment there. In the end, the review article will reflect if there are indeed real chances of creating strong national,European or international policies regarding fertility treatments.
Protection of medical data within the scope of the Law on Protection of Personal Data
Authors: Çiftçi Özge Dirim
Published: June 2022

As a result of non-stop developing technology, each corner of our lives become more and more reachable. Although privacy has always been very valuable and modern laws has taken steps to provide security of privacy, nowadays it takes only some seconds to reach the surname, workplace, the address etc of a person; even of a family. Although some may believe sharing information is harmless, from spam emails to obsessive stalking there is not an actual limit of what can be done with wrongly accessed personal data.When having frequent commercial calls from firms or missing your important mails because of the commercials that fill your mail box, we experience that even the slightest privacy violation can be very annoying. However some personal data are exactly what people face discrimination of. In todays world it is common to see people are discriminated due to their religion, sexuality, politic views, past convictions and even due to their health conditions. The results of discriminations may vary from not being included to social life to mobbing at work; in some extreme cases it may even put the persons life at risk by making them a target. Considering the possible risks and the easiness to reach, as technology has been developing constantly, the need for data protection is more visible than ever. This article aims to explain the protection of medical data in Turkish Legislation by focusing on Law on Protection of Personal Data.
Prevalence and characteristics of referred pain in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)
Authors: Alketbi Nawal , Talaat Wael
Published: June 2022

Background: Referred pain often complicates and delays the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Elaborating the prevalence and characteristics of TMD-associated referred pain as well as the distribution of referred pain in different TMD classes will significantly improve the diagnostic process. The objectives of the present study were to assess the prevalence and to evaluate the characteristics of referred pain associated with TMD diagnosed according to the DC/TMD.

Methods: A total of 252 patients were evaluated using the DC/TMD Axes-I and –II assessment tools. Different modalities were used to treat the diagnosed TMD. Referred pain was diagnosed when the location of the perceived pain in response to palpation extended beyond the boundary of the structure that was examined. For pain locations that were perceived as deep, patients were asked to locate the surface of the area of pain. The result of the assessment was identified as positive if the patient described his perceived pain during the clinical examination as being familiar pain that was experienced in the same location in the last 30 days. 

Results: TMD-associated referred pain was recorded in 153 patients (60.7%). The most common referred pain location was the temporal area (45.2%), followed by the ear (42.1%). The referred pain was recorded in disc displacement with reduction with intermittent locking and myofascial pain with referral in all patients (100%). The proportion of patients with referred pain was significantly different between the different TMD diagnostic subgroups (P < 0.001).  The recorded percentage of improvement in the referred pain following the treatment was 50.41% after 3 months and 56.65% after 6 months.

Conclusions: Referred pain is a prominent feature of TMD. More studies are required with longer follow-up periods and bigger sample sizes to support the findings of the present study.
Investigating audible and ultrasonic noise in modern animal facilities
Authors: Parker Andrew , Hobson Liane , Bains Rasneer , Wells Sara , Bowl Michael
Published: June 2022

Background: The environmental housing conditions of laboratory animals are important for both welfare and reliable, reproducible data. Guidelines currently exist for factors such as lighting cycles, temperature, humidity, and noise, however, for the latter the current guidelines may overlook important details. In the case of the most common laboratory species, the mouse, the range of frequencies they can hear is far higher than that of humans. The current guidelines briefly mention that ultrasonic (>20 kHz) frequencies can adversely affect mice, and that the acoustic environment should be checked, though no recommendations are provided relating to acceptable levels of ultrasonic noise.

Methods: To investigate the ultrasonic environment in a large mouse breeding facility (the Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell), we compared two systems, the Hottinger Bruel and Kjaer PULSE sound analyser, and an Avisoft Bioacoustics system. Potential noise sources were selected; we used the PULSE system to undertake real-time Fourier analysis of noise up to 100 kHz, and the Avisoft system to record noise up to 125 kHz for later analysis. The microphones from both systems were positioned consistently at the same distance from the source and environmental conditions were identical. In order to investigate our result further, a third system, the AudioMoth (Open Acoustic Devices), was also used for recording. We used DeepSqueak software for most of the recording analysis and, in some cases, we also undertook further spectral analysis using RX8 (iZotope, USA).

Results: We found that both systems can detect a range of ultrasonic noise sources, and here discuss the benefits and limitations of each approach.

Conclusions: We conclude that measuring the acoustic environment of animal facilities, including ultrasonic frequencies that may adversely affect the animals housed, will contribute to minimising disruption to animal welfare and perturbations in scientific research.
Protocol for the perioperative outcome risk assessment with computer learning enhancement (Periop ORACLE) randomized study
Authors: Fritz Bradley , King Christopher , Chen Yixin , Kronzer Alex , Abraham Joanna , Ben Abdallah Arbi , Kannampallil Thomas , Budelier Thaddeus , Montes de Oca Arianna , McKinnon Sherry , Tellor Pennington Bethany , Wildes Troy , Avidan Michael
Published: June 2022

Background: More than four million people die each year in the month following surgery, and many more experience complications such as acute kidney injury. Some of these outcomes may be prevented through early identification of at-risk patients and through intraoperative risk mitigation. Telemedicine has revolutionized the way at-risk patients are identified in critical care, but intraoperative telemedicine services are not widely used in anesthesiology. Clinicians in telemedicine settings may assist with risk stratification and brainstorm risk mitigation strategies while clinicians in the operating room are busy performing other patient care tasks. Machine learning tools may help clinicians in telemedicine settings leverage the abundant electronic health data available in the perioperative period. The primary hypothesis for this study is that anesthesiology clinicians can predict postoperative complications more accurately with machine learning assistance than without machine learning assistance.

Methods: This investigation is a sub-study nested within the TECTONICS randomized clinical trial (NCT03923699). As part of TECTONICS, study team members who are anesthesiology clinicians working in a telemedicine setting are currently reviewing ongoing surgical cases and documenting how likely they feel the patient is to experience 30-day in-hospital death or acute kidney injury. For patients who are included in this sub-study, these case reviews will be randomized to be performed with access to a display showing machine learning predictions for the postoperative complications or without access to the display. The accuracy of the predictions will be compared across these two groups.

Conclusion: Successful completion of this study will help define the role of machine learning not only for intraoperative telemedicine, but for other risk assessment tasks before, during, and after surgery.

Registration: ORACLE is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05042804; registered September 13, 2021.
A national cross-sectional survey of constipation in patients attending cancer centres in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Karen , Johnston Bridget M. , McAleer Clare , O'Connor Laserina , Larkin Philip
Published: June 2022

Background: The prevalence of constipation in patients with cancer is estimated at 50-90%. It is often associated with pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting and impacts negatively on quality of life.

Despite its common occurrence, it is often poorly recognised and treated by healthcare professionals.

Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ireland to describe constipation prevalence and severity in patients attending cancer centres and to evaluate management efficacy.  In-patients or patients attending day oncology wards in any of the country’s eight designated cancer centres were eligible to participate. Participants were shown the Bristol Stool Chart  and answered questions regarding stool appearance and sensation of  incomplete defecation; they completed the Constipation Assessment Scale. Data on pain character and intensity, opioid use, and prescribed and over-the-counter laxative use were collected. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Significance of variations for continuous data were determined using t-tests. Conditional ordered logistic regression was undertaken to determine factors associated with constipation.

Results: The dataset comprised 491 patients. 24.8% had been reviewed by specialist palliative care; 14.5% by the anaesthetic pain team. In total, 42.2% of respondents were taking step 2 or step 3 opioids. Constipation prevalence was 67.6%; 19.4% of patients had Constipation Assessment Scale scores indicating severe constipation. A total of 46% of the respondents were not taking any laxatives. Of those who were taking laxatives, 54.8%  reported constipation symptoms. While opioid use was strongly associated with participants reporting higher scores, this association was not seen in those patients receiving specialist palliative care.

Conclusions: Constipation remains a clinical problem in Irish cancer centres. Despite increased opioid use, patients receiving specialist palliative care were more likely to take laxatives and reported less constipation. Specialist palliative care practice should be studied in order to identify what are the transferable ‘ingredients’ of effective constipation management.
ALSPAC parents’ descriptions of childhood stresses in their parents and grandparents
Authors: Birmingham Karen , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean
Published: June 2022

Background: There is evidence that childhood stresses or traumas influence individuals’ descendants’ health and wellbeing through epigenetic mechanisms. However, few longitudinal studies have details of such ancestral data.

Methods: Nearly 7,000 parents of the original Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort completed questionnaires concerning their parents’ and grandparents’ childhoods. As part of a questionnaire validation exercise  we conducted recorded interviews with 100 of these parents. Here we describe some of the vivid accounts from these interviews of stresses encountered by the parents’ ancestors.

Results: The interviews provided insights into the childhoods of two previous generations of this cohort, most of whom had lived through one, if not two, World Wars. Many children were brought up, not by their parents but by relatives or acquaintances and/or left home very young to ‘go into service’ or start work. A few interviewees had wealthy relatives with nannies and governesses and attended expensive boarding schools but by far the most frequent accounts were of poverty, often severe, with related lack of education and illiteracy, alcoholism and violence, alongside devastating effects of the World Wars.

Conclusions: Although the interviews focussed on stresses in childhood and therefore the accounts seemed somewhat negative, many interviewees described their relatives as having secure, stable childhoods. Of the many struggling families though, the predominant impression was their remarkable resilience; all went on to have children or grandchildren who are stable enough to participate for three decades, entirely altruistically, in ALSPAC.
Knowledge and Educational Capital As Factors in the Formation of Intellectual Potential in the Context of the Modern Information Society
Authors: Scherbakov E. , Pudovkina O.
Published: June 2022

The article presents the issues related to the knowledge and educational capital of young people who, despite quality education and skills, often face difficulties in entering the labor market. The article reveals the essence and types of knowledge, distinguishes between information, knowledge and wisdom. A scheme of the educational development trajectory is proposed, taking into account the dual model of learning. The results of an empirical study conducted among students are presented, in the focus of which the process of creating educational capital is positioned. The authors have developed a methodological approach to the program for increasing the intellectual potential of students, built as an integral system of conceptual-target, content and analytical-effective components, aimed at personal transformation and new educational results, the content of which is determined by the supply of goals, meanings, values, priorities, way of thinking of the modern student.
Comparative Characteristics of the Opinions of Students of Secondary Vocational Education about Distance Learning
Authors: Kandybin A. , Maksimova P.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes and compares the opinions of students of vocational schools of various courses about distance learning and its impact on the educational process and lifestyle. The results showed that the reaction of different groups of students to distance learning is different, which should be taken into account in the further development and improvement of this form of education.
Assessment of vegetation cover dynamics in the agro-ecological Zones of Nigeria
Authors: Adeaga Olusegun , Lawal Odunayo , Adedeji Oluwatola , Akinbaloye Olutosin
Published: June 2022

The drastic vegetation loss of about 22% in 12 years across agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Nigeria, which can be attributed to the impact of climate and anthropogenic activities on vegetation dynamics within the context of socio-economics, calls for concern. In this study, remotely sensed data from the European Space Agency Land Use/Land Cover dataset, TAMSAT rainfall data, and MODIS NDVI dataset were used to examine changes in vegetation dynamics and monitor vegetation health in the AEZs based on the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The study showed that vegetation cover has been decreasing tremendously at an alarming rate in most of the zones, while different drivers (change agents) have been responsible for the losses. The analysis shows that, between 2003 and 2018, the forestland cover gained 9,768.88 km2 and lost 40,891.6 km2, with a total net decrease of 31,122.73 km2. Contribution to the net change in forestland is usually converted to wetland, urban, cropland and grassland, across the varied ecosystem. The need for up to-date and accurate land-cover information is key to developing an appropriate mitigation strategy within the context of socio-economic sustainability across AEZs in Nigeria.
Epopeja w literaturze polskiego oświecenia
Authors: Dąbrowski Roman
Published: June 2022

The book presents ten pieces of varying length and different merit, which are attempts to use the rules of classical epic poem in the period of Polish Enlightenment. The introductory part of the study is devoted to the meaning, properties and history of the genre, its place in the literature of the Enlightenment (with special attention to Voltaire’s Henriade). The most important European works belonging to this genre have been mentioned in the article as is the history of epic poetry in the Old Polish period. The study also presents statements on aesthetics and literature formulated during the Enlightenment by both foreign and Polish authors as regards understanding the nature and function of the epic and its main aspects, such as the unity of action, legitimacy and types of miraculousness, its characters, narrative and style.
Perfyferie liberalizmu: Henry David Thoreau
Authors: Haremska Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

Dogmaty liberalne prowokują do buntu. Ortodoksja rodzi heterodoksję. Centrum generuje heretyków i skazuje na doktrynalny margines. Liberalizm sensu largo, rozumiany jako filozofia polityczna oparta na założeniach indywidualistycznych, pozwala zaliczyć do liberalnej szkoły myślenia bohatera niniejszej pracy – autora, którego ideowa tożsamość przy stosowaniu bardziej restrykcyjnych klasyfikacji byłaby trudna do określenia. Henry David Thoreau miał problem z samoograniczeniem, pohamowaniem indywidualnych roszczeń i uznaniem praw innych. Postulował równość, niemniej jednak odnosił ją jedynie do sfery materialnej, w której czuł się ofiarą nierówności. W dziedzinie wartości idealnych, które dawały mu poczucie przewagi nad otoczeniem, głosił hasła elitarystyczne. Cenił wolność, ale lekceważył jej prawne zabezpieczenia. Zajmował się głównie wymiarem duchowym ludzkiej autonomii, zależnym od pracy wewnętrznej jednostki. Kłopoty z subordynacją, arystokratyzm kulturowy i skupienie na sobie wypchnęły pisarza poza główny nurt – na peryferie liberalizmu. (Ze Wstępu)
Potential of Maranta arundinacea residues for recycling: Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents
Authors: Iamkeng Supaporn , Santibenchakul Somtop , Sooksawat Najjapak
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Ieamkheng S, Santibenchakul S, Sooksawat N. 2022. Potential of Maranta arundinacea residues for recycling: Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents. Biodiversitas 23: 1204-1210. The potential of Maranta arundinacea L. residues was evaluated for their nutrient composition as organic fertilizer and for the presence of the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents as phytochemical resources. This arrowroot was collected from seven different locations and planted under organic conditions. The leaves contain 1.28% total nitrogen (total N) and 1.71% total potassium (total K) that might be used as an organic component in fertilizer. The stems contain 3.25% moisture and a C/N ratio of 81.45 which might serve as the good mulch. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents of M. arundinacea differed in different plant parts (leaves, stem, rhizome residue), age (6, 9, 12 months), and sampling locations (Th-TK, Th-R, Th-SyK, Th-Kpc, Th-Chan, Th-Sk, Kh-B). The high total phenolic content was obtained from the Th-Kpc leaves at the 6-month-old plant (0.268 mg GAE)/g DW). The high total flavonoid content was obtained from the Kh-B rhizome residue at the 9-month-old plant (0.379 mg QE)/g DW). The high total tannin content was obtained from the Th-Chan rhizome residue at the 9-month-old plant (4.746 mg tannin/g DW). This study indicated that the rhizome residues were an abundant source of total tannin; that might be potential to be used in the food and medicinal industries. Leaves and stem residues might be useful in organic farming.
Genetic diversity analysis among 123 accessions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) using SSR marker and its association to agronomic traits
Authors: ANGGRAENI TANTRI DYAH AYU , WALUYO BUDI , SUGIHARTO ARIFIN NOOR , KUSWANTO KUSWANTO
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Anggraeni TDA, Waluyo B, Sugiharto AN, Kuswanto. 2022. Genetic diversity analysis among 123 accessions of castor (Ricinus communisL.) using SSR marker and its association to agronomic traits. Biodiversitas 23: 1211-1221. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) breeding program targets to create dwarf-type plants suitable for mechanical harvesting. Characterization of plantsusing morphological and molecular markers can enhance the successful breeding program. This studyaimed to investigate the diversity of castor accessionsusing Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and find the SSR markers that are significantly associated with the agronomic traits. The castor germplasm collection consisting of 123 accessions from the islands throughout Indonesia, breeding lines, and introducedaccessions displayed a moderate genetic diversity. The germplasm collection showed high variation in plant height, node length average, number of nodes, 100 seed weight, and oil content. The association analysis using GLM (General Linear Model) and MLM (Mixed Linear Model) could detect six associations between SSR marker alleles and agronomic traits. Among the marker alleles, two marker alleles had an overlap association. RcSSR-12_175 had an association with plant height and flowering day, RcSSR-23_113 had an association with node length average and branch number, and RcSSR-4_125 had an association with seed weight/raceme. This finding could provide information on Indonesia’s castor accession status. The linked-trait SSR markers are useful in marker-assisted selection for breeding high yield dwarf type-castor.
The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi , PURGIYANTI PURGIYANTI , KUMORO ANDRI CAHYO , LEGOWO ANANG MOHAMAD
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Kusnadi, Purgiyanti, Kumoro AK, Legowo AM. 2022. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1267-1272. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide compound produced by deacetylation of basic chitin at high temperatures. This research aimed to extract chitosan from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia and determine its antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to commercial chitosan. The functional structure of chitosan was carried out through Fourier Transformation-Infrared Spectroscopy. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and its antibacterial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The chitosan extract was also tested for its average molecular weight. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan extract was higher 78.60% than that of commercial chitosan 73.46%. The IC50 of chitosan extract and commercial chitosan on DPPH radicals was 4.25 mg/mL and 5.2 mg/mL, respectively. The chitosan extract produced largest inhibition zone found at 1000 g/mL on S. aureus (14.40 ± 0.03 mm) and E. coli (13.78 ± 0.01 mm). The result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was directly proportional to the value of the degree of deacetylation produced by the chitosan extract from white shrimp (P. indicus), the greater the degree of deacetylation, the greater the antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
Type and morphological character of local clove (Syzygium aromaticum) from Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: MAHULETTE ASRI SUBKHAN , ALFIAN ANGGRA , SUYADI SUYADI , SUPRIYANTO SUPRIYANTO , SITUMORANG JONNER , MATATULA AVIA JOLANDA , KILKODA ABDUL KARIM , NENDISSA JEANNE IVONNE , WATTIMENA ANNA YULIANA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Suyadi, Supriyanto, Situmorang J, Matatula AJ, Kilkoda AK, Nendissa JI, Wattimena AY. 2022. Type and morphological character of local clove (Syzygium aromaticum) from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1301-1309. Maluku Islands are known as the origin for the distribution of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the world, where the diversity of clove germplasm is high. So far, information on the diversity of local clove morphology in Maluku is still very limited. The study was aimed to characterize the morphological diversity of local clove accessions in Maluku. The study was conducted in three distribution areas in Maluku, namely Ambon Island, Seram Island, and Haruku Island. Characterization was carried out on 130 local clove accessions of Maluku based on 32 morphological characters. The exploration identified nine types of cloves, namely Tuni, Forest Clove, Raja, Boiselang, Zanzibar, Bogor, Jinten, Tae, Damar, and three variants of Forest Clove, two variants of Raja, and two variants Zanzibar. Forest cloves, Raja, Boiselang Jinten, Tae, Damar are classified as wild-type cloves, while Tuni, Zanzibar and Bogor cloves are classified as cultivated cloves. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) obtained 2 large groups of local cloves with 57% agro-morphological differences. The first group is Forest Clove and Boiselang, while the second group is other local clove accessions (Tuni, Jinten, Red Zanzibar, White Zanzibar, Bogor, Damar, Tae, and Raja). The Principle Component Analysis (PCA) shows a total diversity of 66.7% with 4 characters based on grouping. These cloves are also categorized into wild type, cultivated, aromatic, and non-aromatic types.
Diversity of wild edible fruit plant species and their threatened status in the Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: SUWARDI ADI BEJO , NAVIA ZIDNI ILMAN , HARMAWAN TISNA , SEPRIANTO SEPRIANTO , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , MUKHTAR ERIZAL
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Seprianto, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2022. Diversity of wild edible fruit plant species and their threatened status in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1311-1319. Aceh Province, Indonesia is home to a diverse range of tropical fruit plants. However, increased anthropogenic activities such as population growth and natural disasters resulted in various biological resources such as wild edible fruit plants being under threat. The study aimed to assess the diversity and threatened status of wild edible fruit plant species in the Aceh Province of Indonesia. The study was conducted in six regencies, namely Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Timur, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Utara, Aceh Barat, and Aceh Tengah. At each study area, a line transect of 1,000 meters was laid from the forest's edge into the forest. Wild edible fruit plant species discovered along the transect were collected and given local names. A total of 129 wild edible fruit plant species at six studied areas in the Aceh Province belonged to 38 families. The highest number of fruit plant species was recorded in the district of Aceh Tamiang, i.e., 63 species, followed by Aceh Selatan (56 species), Aceh Barat (46 species), Aceh Timur (37 species), Aceh Utara (31 species), and Aceh Tengah (23 species). Mangifera foetida Lour., Mangifera odorata Griff., Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Ficus altissima Blume, Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Passiflora foetida L., and Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. were the most frequently recorded wild fruit plant species in all regencies. From 129 wild edible fruit species recorded in the study areas, 35% are currently classified as Least Concern, 6% as Vulnerable, 3% as Near Threatened, 2% as Low Risk, 2% as Data Deficient, and 52% of species in the IUCN red list had No Available Data. Community-based conservation through domestication of wild edible fruit plant species can be one of the management strategies for the conservation of wild edible fruit plants in Aceh Province.
Feeding ecology of Neoarius leptaspis in the Rawa Biru Lake, Merauke, Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Dwi Nugroho , RUKAYAH SITI , RAHAYU NUR LAILA , MOTE NORCE
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Wibowo DN, Rukayah S, Wahayu NL, Mote N. 2022. Feeding ecology of Neoarius leptaspis in the Rawa Biru Lake, Merauke, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1327-1335. A few studies have been carried out on Neoarius leptaspis (Bleeker, 1862), however, its feeding ecology was not examined, especially for the sample from Rawa Biru Lake, Merauke, Papua, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the feeding ecology of N. leptaspis at 8 sampling sites in the lake, which were sampled in the morning and evening. The parameters observed were natural food diversity, mouth width ratio, intestine length ratio, stomach fullness and content, preponderance index, and electivity index. The result showed that 25 plankton species were observed in the waters. Neoarius leptaspis has a mouth width ratio of approximately 75% of head width. The full stomach was observed in the samples collected in the evening, where the diets were dominated by animal materials as indicated by the indexes of preponderance and electivity. The mouth width ratio, feeding periodicity, intestine length, and dominant diets were similar to the previous reports on the same species from other regions. This showed that N. leptaspis is a predatory fish species based on the feeding ecology data, which provides essential information for fisheries and conservation.
Molecular identification of Eurycoma longifolia Jack from Sumatra, Indonesia using trnL-F region
Authors: YULITA KUSUMADEWI SRI , SUSILOWATI ARIDA , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , SUSILA SUSILA , HIDAYAT ASEP , DWIYANTI FIFI GUS
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Yulita KS, Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Susila, Hidayat A, Dwiyanti FG. 2022. Molecular identification of Eurycoma longifolia Jack from Sumatra, Indonesia using trnL-F region. Biodiversitas 23: 1374-1382. Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) or pasak bumi is a popular medicinal plant from Southeast Asia’s rainforests that is used as an aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, anti-malaria antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticancer agent. However, the increasing demand for this species for medicinal industries has led to illegal export in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the specific genetic variation and develop DNA barcode using trnL-Fregion for E. longifolia originating from Sumatra, Indonesia. Twenty-two samples of the species were collected from four locations in Sumatra. An aligned sequence of the trnL-Fwas 960 bp with an A/T rich region (A: 30.2%, T: 34.5%, C: 16.7%, and G: 18.7%). The homology search using BLASTn of the GenBank NCBI showed that the nucleotide composition of the species was similar (99.9%) to the partial trnL-Fregion of E. longifolia MH751519 and E. apiculata GU593014. Close examination of the gene structure and composition showed that the DNA sequences have five nucleotides variations that were not possessed by the reference E. longifolia, and other taxa used. The obtained variations occurred mostly in the trnL intron region, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that the correct identity of the species of the samples by their position was at a similar clade as the other accessions of E. longifolia.
Laser Doppler velocimetry for three-dimensional distribution measurement of the velocity component by combining two-dimensional spatial encoding and non-mechanical scanning
Authors: Ghafar Sayyidatul N. A. B. Abd , Yamaji Haruto , Maru Koichi
Published: June 2022

We present a differential laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) for measuring the velocity distribution in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Our conventional research so far has proposed some methods for measuring two-dimensional (2D) distribution measurement. One of the proposed methods was spatial encoding of measurement points arranged on a 2D plane. Besides, we also have proposed laser Doppler cross-sectional velocity distribution measurement based on a non-mechanical scanning method. We propose a 3D method by combining 2D spatial encoding and non-mechanical scanning, in which the measurement points distributed on a 2D plane are spatially encoded with different bias frequencies, and these points are scanned non-mechanically in another direction by changing the wavelength. As a feasibility study of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using a

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channel optical setup and were performed at five wavelengths over 1537–1553 nm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method could successfully measure the 3D distribution of the velocity component. The spectral peaks of the beat signals for 68 measurement points for the rotational speed of the target of

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and those for 67 measurement points for the rotational speed of

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out of 80 measurement points were successfully observed within the measurement error of 2.8%–4.8%.
Estimating 3D spatiotemporal point of regard: a device evaluation
Authors: Wagner Peter , Ho Arthur , Kim Juno
Published: June 2022

This paper presents and evaluates a system and method that record spatiotemporal scene information and location of the center of visual attention, i.e., spatiotemporal point of regard (PoR) in ecological environments. A primary research application of the proposed system and method is for enhancing current 2D visual attention models. Current eye-tracking approaches collapse a scene’s depth structures to a 2D image, omitting visual cues that trigger important functions of the human visual system (e.g., accommodation and vergence). We combined head-mounted eye-tracking with a miniature time-of-flight camera to produce a system that could be used to estimate the spatiotemporal location of the PoR—the point of highest visual attention—within 3D scene layouts. Maintaining calibration accuracy is a primary challenge for gaze mapping; hence, we measured accuracy repeatedly by matching the PoR to fixated targets arranged within a range of working distances in depth. Accuracy was estimated as the deviation from estimated PoR relative to known locations of scene targets. We found that estimates of 3D PoR had an overall accuracy of approximately 2° omnidirectional mean average error (OMAE) with variation over a 1 h recording maintained within 3.6° OMAE. This method can be used to determine accommodation and vergence cues of the human visual system continuously within habitual environments, including everyday applications (e.g., use of hand-held devices).
Mechanically controllable nonreciprocal transmission and perfect absorption of photons
Authors: Zhou Nan-nan , Zhang Li-Qiang , Yu Chang-Shui
Published: June 2022

Photon absorption and nonreciprocal photon transmission are studied in a rotating optical resonator coupled with an atomic ensemble. It is demonstrated that the perfect photon absorption is accompanied by optical bistability when the resonator is static. If the spinning detune is adjusted to some particular values, we find that the amplified unidirectional photon transmission can be realized. We have explicitly given the perfect photon absorption conditions and the maximal adjustable amplification rate. It is found that the coupling of the resonator and the atomic ensemble is necessary for perfect photon absorption, and the phase difference of the two input fields only affects the perfect absorption point. It gives new insight into the design of photon absorbers and optical switches.
Rigorous coupled wave analysis upgraded with combined boundary conditions method for 2D metamaterials in microwave
Authors: Wang Lin , Fang Debao , Jin Haibo , Li Jingbo
Published: June 2022

We combine rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and combined boundary conditions method (CBCM) to analyze optical properties of two-dimensional periodic metamaterial grating with arbitrary shapes in microwave domain, and the adaptive spatial resolution (ASR) function is introduced to increase convergence especially for the crossed metamaterial gratings. The numerical results show that RCWA with CBCM can get the correct convergence result and distinguish the contribution of the grating lobes to the total transmission and reflection. The ASR technique improves dramatically the convergence speed of crossed grating. This method provides a more effective computational tool for the design of metamaterial grating in microwave domain.
Optimal design of the annular groove phase mask central region
Authors: König Lorenzo , Absil Olivier , Lobet Michaël , Delacroix Christian , Karlsson Mikael , Orban de Xivry Gilles , Loicq Jérôme
Published: June 2022

Vortex phase masks have been shown to be an efficient means to reduce the blinding stellar light in high-contrast imaging instruments. Once placed at the focal plane of the telescope, the helical phase ramp of a vortex phase mask diffracts the light of a bright on-axis source outside the re-imaged telescope pupil, while transmitting the light of a faint off-axis companion nearly unaffected. The Annular Groove Phase Mask (AGPM) is a broadband metasurface implementation of a vector vortex phase mask using the artificial birefringence of a circular subwavelength grating etched onto a diamond substrate. To date, the AGPM design has been optimized using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA), which is a valid tool to simulate periodic straight gratings. However, we have now reached a performance level where the curvature of the grating lines at the center becomes a limiting factor. Here, we use a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to correctly describe the AGPM performance, including the effect of the curved grating close to its center. We confirm the validity of this simulation framework by comparing its predictions with experimental results obtained on our infrared coronagraphic test bench, and we show that RCWA fails at reproducing correctly the central AGPM performance, confirming the need for a full 3d simulation tool such as FDTD. Finally, we use FDTD to optimize the grating parameters at the AGPM center, and conclude with a new optimal design.
Ultrahigh extinction ratio silicon micro-ring modulator by MDM resonance for high speed PAM-4 and PAM-8 signaling
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Du Jiangbing , Shen Weihong , Zhou Gangqiang , Zhou Linjie , Zhang Wenjia , Xu Ke , He Zuyuan
Published: June 2022

Due to the difficulty of controlling the waveguide loss in the doping region, high-speed silicon micro-ring modulators usually have limited extinction ratio. In this work, we present a mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) resonance-enhanced silicon micro-ring modulator with an ultrahigh extinction ratio. We used a two-mode micro-ring resonator and a mode conversion circular structure to trap the light twice within a single micro-ring resonator. Proof-of-concept high extinction ratio up to 55 dB was obtained. 30 Gb/s PAM-8 and 50 Gb/s PAM-4 signaling with a bit error rate below the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold were demonstrated with the fabricated modulator, indicating great potential for high-order pulse amplitude modulation (PAM).
Electron correlation and recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization by counter-rotating two-color elliptically polarized laser fields
Authors: Su Jie , Liu Zichao , Liao Jianying , Huang Xuefei , Li Yingbin , Huang Cheng
Published: June 2022

Nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of Argon atoms by counter-rotating two-color elliptically polarized (TCEP) fields is investigated with a three-dimensional classical ensemble model. Different from two-color circularly polarized fields, the combined electric field in TCEP pulses has no symmetry and the ionized electron mainly returns to the parent ion from one direction. Thus the electron momentum distributions show strong asymmetry. Numerical results show with the increase of the relative phase between the two elliptical fields, the return angle of the travelling electron, i.e., the angle between the return direction of the electron and the +x direction, gradually decreases. Moreover, the dominant behavior of electron pairs evolves from anti-correlation to correlation with the relative phase increasing. This provides an avenue to control the return angle and electron correlation behavior by the relative phase between the two elliptical fields.
Fiber SPR two-dimensional micro displacement sensor based on the coaxial double waveguide with a conical structure
Authors: Wei Yong , Shi Chen , Liu Chunlan , Liu Chunbiao , Jiang Tianci , Wang Rui , Hu Lei , Zhang Yonghui
Published: June 2022

Fiber SPR micro displacement sensor cannot be used for two-dimensional displacement sensing at present. In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated a fiber SPR two-dimensional micro displacement sensor based on the coaxial double waveguide with a conical structure. The coaxial double waveguide is fused into a cone as the light injection fiber, and two different forms of outgoing light fields can be obtained through two cores of the fiber. The horn shaped light field emitted by the ring core of the coaxial double waveguide can cooperate with the sensing fiber to realize the micro displacement sensing in the x-axis direction. And the straight beam emitted by the middle core of the coaxial double waveguide can cooperate with the sensing fiber to realize the micro displacement sensing in the y-axis direction. Through simulation analysis and experimental test, its average wavelength sensitivity and light intensity sensitivity of the x-axis displacement are 0.0537nm/µm and 0.000124a.u./µm, respectively. And that of the y-axis displacement are 0.315nm/µm and 0.00277a.u./µm, respectively. The proposed fiber sensor realizes the two-dimensional displacement sensing based on SPR, which can be widely used in the fields of two-dimensional micro displacement measurement and two-dimensional position precision positioning.
Visible (400- to 700-nm) chirped-grating-coupled waveguide spectrometer
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Sasidharan Vineeth , Neumann Alexander , Zarkesh-Ha Payman , Brueck S. R. J.
Published: June 2022

An integrable on-chip spectrometer, based on a transversely-chirped-grating waveguide-coupler for the 400- to 700-nm visible spectral range is demonstrated. For a fixed angle of incidence, the coupling wavelength is dependent on the local grating period and the waveguide structure. The transversely-chirped-input grating is fabricated on a SiO2-Si3N4-SiO2 waveguide atop a Si substrate by interferometric lithography in two sections on a single silicon substrate. A uniform period grating, separated from the input coupler by a propagation region, is provided for out-coupling to a 2048 element CMOS detector array. The incident light with wavelength spanning 400- to 700-nm is coupled into waveguide at 33.5° through the chirped grating coupler. A resolution of ∼ 1.2 nm is demonstrated without any signal processing reconstruction.