bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Robotics in Distance Education and The Role of The Teacher
Authors:   Hellenic Open University, Education and Technologies in distance teaching and learning systems - Educational Sciences, Patra, Greece, Foti Maria , Papadimitriou Sofia ,   Hellenic Open University, Tutor-Counsellor, Education and Technologies in distance teaching and learning systems – Educational Sciences, Patra, Greece, Karatrantou Anthi ,   Hellenic Open University, Tutor-Counsellor, Education and Technologies in distance teaching and learning systems – Educational Sciences, Patra, Greece
Published: January 2025

With the appearance of Distance Education (DE) methodologies and approaches in education, the field of teaching has changed radically. With the parallel development of technology, new paths and opportunities have been created to enrich education with new creative methods. This article examines the evolving landscape of Distance Educational Robotics (DER), with reference to the critical role of teachers in guiding and facilitating quality educational experiences. Through an extensive literature review, this study examines the benefits and challenges associated with integrating Educational Robotics into Distance Education. It briefly reviews the platforms and tools that facilitate the implementation of DER and explores various pedagogical strategies and instructional designs that educators can use to maximize the effectiveness of DER, considering the diverse learning needs and capabilities of students. It also emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development of teachers to improve their competence in remote pedagogic practices and the use of technology. In conclusion, the study illuminates the dynamic relationship between DE and Educational Robotics and the role that the teacher acquires by combining the two. Highlighting the roles and complexities of teachers' responsibilities, the article offers methods and suggestions that can guide and support their efforts to create organized and effective teaching.
Exploring Contemporary Literary Stories Depicting Gender Bias: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis
Authors:   Student Researcher, BSED-English, UM Digos College, Philippines, Joy P. Talle Christine , Candelasa Ma. Argelyn May C. ,   Student Researcher, BSED-English, UM Digos College, Philippines, D. Bantilan Derbone ,   Student Researcher, BSED-English, UM Digos College, Philippines, M. Monteza Ana Mae ,   Professor I, Program Chair Dept. of Teacher Education Major in English, UM Digos College, Philippines
Published: January 2025

Contemporary Filipino literature, while evolving, often reflects and reinforces gender norms. This study delves into how gender bias is linguistically constructed in these narratives, examining the potential impact of such representations on societal perceptions and behaviours. To investigate this, a Systemic Functional Linguistic approach, specifically Ideational Meta-Function, was employed to analyse seven selected Filipino literary stories. The analysis focused on linguistic choices, including vocabulary, personal noun usage and the depiction of physical attributes, emotions and behaviour. The findings revealed that the use of simple and label-like terms frequently reinforces traditional gender stereotypes, while more complex and nuances language could either reproduced or challenge these stereotypes. Personal male nouns were often associated with masculine occupations while female nouns were linked to stereotypical roles. Moreover, the portrayal of physical attributes, emotions and behaviour often adhered to traditional gender norms, with males depicted as strong and powerful, and females as fragile and emotionally reactive. Such representations can limit individual expression and perpetuate gender inequality. This study underscores the power of language in shaping gender perceptions and behaviours. It highlights the need of critical analysis of literary texts to identify and challenge gender bias. By understanding how language construct gender, we can work towards more equitable and inclusive representations in literature and society.
Kriz, Kurumsal Kalite ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi
Authors: Teyyare Erdoğan
Published: January 2025

Kurumları, iktisadi analizin merkezine yerleştiren kurumsal iktisat yaklaşımı, iktisadi büyüme ve ülkelerarası ekonomik performans farklılıkları olgusuna, iktisadi faktörlerden ziyade kurumsal faktörler açısından yaklaşmaktadır. Kurumsal faktörler, ekonomik performansı olumlu veya olumsuz etkileyebilmekte ve bu etkinin düzeyi kurumsal faktörlere göre farklılık arz edebilmektedir. Kurumsal faktörler özellikle 1990’lı yıllarla birlikte büyüme analizlerinde sıkça yer almaktadır.
Literatürde kurumsal kalite ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi konusunda uzlaşma olmasına rağmen, sık sık meydana gelen ekonomik krizler, ülkelerin kurumlarının yeniden dizaynı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada krizlerin, kurumsal kalite aracılığıyla ülkelerin iktisadi büyümeleri üzerinde etkili olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Mankiw, Romer ve Weil (MRW) büyüme modeli ve ekonometrik tahmin yöntemi olarak da panel veri analizi kullanılarak araştırılan çalışmada, Latin Amerika ülkelerinden Arjantin, Meksika ve Brezilya’nın, Asya ülkelerinden Tayland, Malezya, Filipinler, Endonezya ve Güney Kore’nin, son olarak da Türkiye’nin 1984-2010 dönemi verileriyle ampirik analizler yapılmıştır.
Kurumsal faktörlerin iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmada, ekonomik kriz faktörü analize dâhil edilerek, yeni bir perspektif oluşturulmuştur. Bu çerçevede ekonomik krize maruz kalan Türkiye, Latin Amerika ve Asya ülkelerine yönelik ampirik bulgulara dayalı, kriz, kurumsal kalite ve büyüme ilişkisi araştırılmaya değer bulunmuştur. Yapılan tahminler neticesinde hukuk ve düzen, dinsel çatışmalar, politikada askeri müdahale düzeyi, demokratik katılım düzeyi, içsel ve dışsal çatışmalar değişkenlerinin iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkileyen önemli kurumsal değişkenler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca kurumsal kalite göstergeleri krizin etkisi ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; iktisadi büyüme düzeyini pozitif yönde etkileyen kurumsal değişkenlerin; bürokratik kalite, sosyoekonomik koşullar, yatırım profili ve demokratik katılım olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; krizler, kurumsal kalite düzeyini değiştirmektedir ve bu değişim iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.
The Relationship Between Adherence to Oral Antidiabetic Medication and Fasting Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Palmerah District Health Center in 2024
Authors: Permatasari Pramudita , Sutanto Hari
Published: January 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion or function. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2021 reported 19.47 million Indonesians living with diabetes. This research evaluated the impact of adherence to oral antidiabetic medication on fasting blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients at Palmerah Subdistrict Health Center. A cross-sectional analytic design was used with 52 respondents selected via consecutive sampling. Data were obtained through medical records and the MARS-5 questionnaire. Of the respondents, 55.8% (n=29) were female, and 44.2% (n=23) were male. Adherence to medication regimens was evenly distributed, with 25 patients (50%) adhering and 25 (50%) not adhering. Analysis showed significant differences in fasting blood glucose control. In the adherent group, 92.6% (n=25) achieved controlled blood glucose levels, while all non-adherent patients (100%) had high fasting blood glucose levels. Fisher's Exact test results (p=0.000) confirmed a significant relationship between adherence and blood glucose control. These findings highlight that medication adherence is crucial in managing type 2 diabetes. Practical implications include the need for targeted strategies to enhance adherence, such as patient education, reminders, and personalized support. Factors such as demographics, comorbidities, memory decline, and BMI also influence adherence, requiring a comprehensive approach. Consistent adherence improves glycemic control, reduces complications, and is essential for effective diabetes management.
The Evolution of Social Movements: Technology, Activism, and the Power of Collective Action
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Aslam
Published: January 2025

Throughout history, social movements have served as potent catalysts for change, challenging established power structures and advocating for social justice. In the modern era, technology has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping the landscape of activism and amplifying the potential of collective action. This article examines the intricate interplay between technology, social movements, and the power of collective action, exploring how digital tools have empowered activists, broadened reach, and redefined the dynamics of social change.
Unveiling the Invisible: Power, Inequality, and the Dynamics of Social Stratification
Authors: Dr. Bilal Butt
Published: January 2025

Social stratification, the hierarchical organization of societies based on power, privilege, and access to resources, is not a static reality. It is a dynamic system, fueled by invisible forces of power and inequality that shape individual life chances and collective destinies. This article delves into the complex mechanisms of social stratification, examining how systems of power, socioeconomic disparities, and cultural ideologies perpetuate unequal outcomes and maintain the status quo.
Identity in Stories, Identity in Real Life, and Ethical Subjectivity
Authors: Latafat Hameed
Published: January 2025

In contrast to erroneous claims made in other sources, it is important to clarify that the narrative approach to identification does not seek to enforce a standardized way of life or imitate a fictional persona. Rather, it represents a philosophically intricate reaction to the inherent uncertainty and intricacy of the human experience. In contrast to the predominant reliance on causal models among traditional theorists of self-identification, I posit that the narrative model of identity offers a more suitable framework for comprehensively elucidating the phenomena of self-identification. The story model holds significant importance as it acknowledges the central role of the first-person perspective as an abundant source of ethical subjectivity. This paper aims to examine the scholarly contributions of Paul Ricoeur and Marya Schechtman, with a brief mention of Korsgaard's work on practical identity and normative ethics. The objective is to demonstrate the interconnectedness between narrative identity and ethical subjectivity. I argue that the concept of embodied consciousness requires a more intricate and fundamentally subjective framework of identification than what is provided by a causal explanation. This is because the physical embodiment of the human body is what gives rise to the subjective perspective and introspective nature of human cognition. In order to establish a sense of identity, it is necessary to adopt either a self-constitution or a narrative model of identification.
Do strict environmental policies in European countries reduce CO2 emissions?
Authors: Bonar Dawid
Published: January 2025

This article uses fixed-effects and random-effects panel data models to examine the effectiveness of environmental policies, and additional determinants on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 21 selected European OECD countries from 1990 to 2020. Specifically, the analysis investigates the impact of individual subgroups constituting the total Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index, namely market-based instruments, non-market-based instruments and technological support. Furthermore, the impact of these instruments is examined considering two types of CO2 measurements: production-based (PBA) and consumption-based (CBA). The obtained results demonstrate that the impact of each subgroup varies and the strength of their influence depends on the method of CO2 measurement. Finally, the study examines whether the 2008 changes to the Emissions Trading System (ETS) influenced the effectiveness of the instruments within the EPS. The results indicate that these changes significantly improved policy effectiveness when CO2 is measured using the PBA. In contrast, the post-2008 changes had a minimal effect on reducing CO2 emissions measured using the CBA, which may be related to the phenomenon of outsourcing.
The Relationship Between Patient Satisfaction Levels and Patient Visit Interest at the Lower Paniki Health Center Based on BPJS Scoring
Authors: S. Angkasa Chensie , Yuda Kusuma Afif , Hananto Felicia , Varera Oriza , Bernarto Innocentius
Published: January 2025

Assessing the quality of services at health centers is an important part because it can indirectly have an impact on improving the degree of public health. Measuring and monitoring the quality of health services is impossible without indicators. Based on the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 30 of 2022, one of the indicators used to assess the quality of health services is patient satisfaction. The interest of patients to return to the Health Center can be influenced by their experience on previous visits. Patients who are quite satisfied with the health services provided will tend to return to the health center because they feel comfortable and believe in the quality of the services provided. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the quality of health services based on the component of patient satisfaction at the Paniki Bawah Health Center. Data collection was carried out using a Google Form questionnaire for 100 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was carried out with SmartPLS software. Hypothesis testing is used to analyze the relationship between related variables as shown in the research model. The results showed a strong positive correlation between various dimensions of service quality and overall patient satisfaction. Thus, it can be concluded that the quality of health services at the Paniki Bawah Health Center is highly rated by BPJS patients. Interest in patient visits is also very high, showing satisfaction with the service.
Raman Spectroscopy in the Research of Carbon Materials
Authors: Dasgupta Kinshuk
Published: January 2025

Raman spectroscopy has become an indispensable tool in the field of material science,
especially in the study of carbon materials. Its non-destructive nature, sensitivity to molecular
vibrations, and ability to provide detailed information about the chemical composition,
structure, and crystallinity make it a powerful technique for characterizing a wide range of
carbon-based materials. This article delves into the significance of Raman spectroscopy in the
research of carbon materials, exploring its principles, the types of carbon materials it can
analyze, and the key findings it has facilitated
Relationship Between Skin Hydration Levels With The Severity of Diaper Dermatitis in Children Aged 0-24 Months
Authors: Gabriella Manurung Widya , Anggia Paramita Deryne , Nababan Kristo A.
Published: January 2025

Diaper dermatitis is a common dermatological condition in children, particularly those aged 0-24 months, characterized by mild to severe inflammation. Over hydration skin has been associated with the occurrence of diaper dermatitis, as it can disrupt the skin barrier and trigger inflammation. To determine the relationship between skin hydration levels and the severity of diaper dermatitis in children aged 0-24 months. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 children aged 0-24 months with diaper dermatitis. Skin hydration levels were measured using a Corneometer® CM 825. The severity of diaper dermatitis was assessed using the Buckley Scale. Data analysis used the Chi-Square test, and results were considered significant if p<0,05. The relationship between the level of skin hydration and the severity of diaper dermatitis showed significant results (p=0.034) where the majority of subjects had a sufficiently hydrated degree of skin hydration in the diaper area, which was 69 people. Skin with sufficiently hydrated has a higher risk of more severe diaper dermatitis.
Shifting The Customary Inheritance of The Minangkabau Tribe Based on The Perspective of Justice and Gender Equality
Authors: D. Andra Vini Aprila , Judiasih Sonny Dewi , Kusmayanti Hazar
Published: January 2025

The richness of Indonesian culture has an impact on the variation of regulatory systems that apply in each region, including the enactment of customary inheritance law for the Minangkabau Tribe. Modernity has an impact on the social adaptation of the community in addressing customary inheritance law. The research conducted examines the impact of injustice and gender inequality in Minangkabau customary inheritance law, as well as the shift in its provisions related to the principle of justice. The method used in the research is a normative juridical approach that focuses on exploring the interaction between customary inheritance law and positive law in the context of justice and gender equality. This qualitative approach research uses primary data through interviews and observations, as well as secondary data in the form of books, journals, and legal documents. The results of this study show that Minangkabau customary inheritance law which adheres to the matrilineal system gives the main role to women as heirs of high heirlooms. This reflects gender equality in Minangkabau society, where women are considered more capable of maintaining and caring for cultural and family heritage. However, over time, there has been a shift in gender roles, including men who have begun to become heirs influenced by migration and cultural acculturation. Nonetheless, the system still seeks to maintain a balance between customary traditions and the principles of Islamic law, which form the basis of inheritance distribution.
Probleme de salubritate și igienă în Alba Iulia interbelică
Authors:   Muzeul Național al Unirii Alba Iulia, Mircea Ionela Simona
Published: January 2025

The chief hygienist, the coordinator of the Sanitary Service, had the obligation to periodically ascertain the state of hygiene of the city and to take measures, when necessary. During the inspections, he verified whether the legal provisions for the constructions of public and private buildings were respected, whether the authorizations, licenses were in order, all deviations, abuses, illegalities, being recorded in minutes and sanctioned with the support of local authorities (administrative and police), according to laws in force. In the Hygiene and Sanitation Commission of the city (municipality) and in the Hygiene Council of Alba County he presented the sanitary problems of the city and submitted proposals for solutions. The study presents the sanitation and hygiene problems that existed in interwar Alba Iulia, as well as the solutions decided at the local level.
Femeile-fotograf ale Sibiului din a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea: fotografiile Kamillei Ásbóth și ale Juliei Herter din colecția Muzeului Național Brukenthal
Authors:   Muzeul Național Brukenthal Sibiu, Voina Delia
Published: January 2025

The role of women photographers has been downplayed in the history of photography, although they have been among the earliest practitioners since the 19th century. A small number of women contributed to the early history of photography, although in the late 18th and early 19th centuries some women in high society were knowledgeable about the science. The complicated processes used to take photographs were deciphered and used by women photographers, and their portfolios included a wide variety of subjects. The first women photographers’ owners of permanent studios in Sibiu, in the second half of the 19th century, were Kamilla Ásbóth (1838–1908) and Julie Herter (1838–1922). Their biographies are little known today, but the photographs they took, preserved in the collection of Documentary Graphics at the Brukenthal National Museum, show us a special world of which the two photographers were once part.
Elita feminină românească din Sighișoara (1850−1914)
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie Sighișoara, Teșculă Nicolae
Published: January 2025

For the second half of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century we observe an active involvement of women in the life of Sighisoara society. The wives of members of the local elite were actively involved in the life of the community and in supporting it culturally, socially, and philanthropically. The ladies of Sighisoara’s elite, like their sisters in other towns, support their husbands in their national activism, participating in all the actions they carry out. Even if the activity of the ladies of the Romanian intellectuals in Sighisoara did not reach the level of their fellow citizens of the Saxon community of Sighisoara, we can observe their high level of education. Among them, the first teacher of the Orthodox Confessional School of Sighisoara, Cornelia Ciceiu at the beginning of the 20th century, stands out. The activity of the Romanian elite in the town on the Târnava Mare was part of a general context throughout Transylvania, where from the second half of the 19th century the involvement of women in public life became increasingly active and present in the communities to which they belonged.
Corpul tău este un câmp de bătălie/your body is a battleground – fațete ale artei feministe (de la sfârșitul anilor ʼ60 până în prezent)
Authors: Ittu Gudrun-Liane
Published: January 2025

The article aims at presenting a series of feminist artists of the last fifty years – Juanita McNeely, Judy Chicago, Gina Pane, Barbara Kruger, Marni Kotak, Jenny Saville – as well as the Group Guerilla Girls and the #MeToo movement. For all of them the body – someone else’s or their own – played an important role in their works of art. In order to shake up society, they used new artistic means like performance and installation as well as new topics. Some of them performed art on their own bodies, breaking taboos and going beyond socially accepted barriers.
Carte românească modernă imprimată în Blaj, Brașov și Sibiu între 1831 și 1850 și circulația acesteia în județul Sibiu
Authors:   InstituBiblioteca Județeană ASTRA Sibiu, Lugojanu Delia
Published: January 2025

This study based upon an archival research involving the book collections of the ASTRA Sibiu County Library, the Archive of the Metropolitanate of Transylvania, the archive of Sibiu County Office for National Cultural Heritage, but also on the perusal of the specialized bibliography, revealed several aspects related to the circulation, in the Orthodox and Greek-Catholic parishes from Sibiu county, of the books printed in Sibiu, Blaj and Brașov between 1831 and 1850. The pre-eminence of the liturgy books printed in Sibiu is indisputable, but the presence of Orthodox prints in Greek-Catholic local parishes, respectively the presence of Greek-Catholic books printed in Blaj in the Orthodox parishes of Sibiu County, during a period of intense religious convulsions between the two Romanian churches from Transylvania, offers a nuanced picture of Romanian economic and religious life.
25 YEARS OF CONSTRUCTAL THINKING: HOW GLOBAL DISSEMINATION HAS GROWN FROM A SINGLE TREE TO A NETWORK OF TREES
Authors: BACIU DAN C. , KAJAREKAR SUNIT , ERRERA MARCELO RISSO , GUNES UMIT
Published: January 2025

The Constructal Law has recently passed its 25th anniversary. At the 2023 Constructal Law Conference in Turin, we have looked back, presenting insights on how knowledge of the Constructal Law has spread globally. Here, we expand on our earlier article. Since our initial study, we have seen a daily average of three new publications that mention the term “constructal” in the Scopus database. In parallel, the number of laboratories affiliated with this research has grown from 10,956 to 12,787. Overall, we see a stable annual growth rate exceeding 25 % in our corpus, as well as a global coverage denser than ever. Studying old and new data, we expand on our earlier article not only with new statistics but also with a new insight: the dissemination paths of constructal thinking were initially tree-shaped, but they have presently become a network of overlapping trees. This insight seamlessly aligns with the predictions of the Constructal Law. According to the Constructal Law, trees grow and spread to become forests of trees, which eventually look like networks. This Constructal Law prediction is evidently confirmed in our corpus.
COMPLETE FORMULAS DEVELOPED TO CALCULATE THE ENTROPY CHANGES OF IDEAL GASES
Authors: GU YONGJIAN
Published: January 2025

The entropy change of a system in a process is a key criterion to distinguish if the process is actual or ideal. The process without the entropy change is a perfect process called an isentropic process. Typical cycles involving the isentropic processes are the Otto, Ranking, and Brayton cycles. Two kinds of thermodynamic systems in the cycles are commonly encountered in engineering practices: closed and open. The equations calculating the entropy changes of ideal gases in processes are derived from the first Tds relation, the Gibbs equation, and the second Tds relation. Generally, the first Tds relation is applied to the closed systems, and the second Tds relation is applied to the open systems. There are two approaches used to analyze the entropy changes of ideal gases. They are the approximate analysis and the exact analysis, respectively. Equations relating to the Gibbs equation for the closed system in the precise analysis needed to be included in thermodynamics. This paper presents the development of the missing equations. The author describes the derivation of the complete equations to calculate the entropy changes of ideal gases and the correlated properties in the isentropic processes from the Tds relations for approximate and exact analysis. Examples illustrate the calculation using the equations for the entropy changes of air and the correlated properties in the isentropic processes.
CONSTRUCTAL COUPLINGS IN THE ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
Authors: MOREGA ALEXANDRU M. , MOREGA MIHAELA
Published: January 2025

Through electromagnetic field analysis and numerical experiments, the paper aims to explore the influence of the applied electric field frequency on the electropermeabilization (EP) conditions. The physical quantity correlated to the EP triggering is the transmembrane voltage induced before the pore generation process starts. The Constructal Law is here perceived and operates through the intrinsic couplings of the associated electromagnetic field, which may be tuned by the experiment designer, who is empowered to promote EP by adjusting the working frequency of the setup.
CONSTRUCTAL LAW, BIOMIMICRY, AND TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION THROUGH THE LENS OF GENERATIVE AI
Authors: IGNUTA-CIUNCANU MATEI-CRISTIAN , TABOR PHILIP , MARTINEZ-BOTAS RICARDO F.
Published: January 2025

Efficient heat management in the context of semiconductor miniaturization demands unconventional solutions to navigate constrained design spaces. The emergence of unsupervised learning as a versatile design companion capable of processing multi-disciplinary datasets presents promising avenues for streamlined bio-inspired solutions for fundamental conduction problems. As a case study, we tackle the pivotal area-to-point problem that led to the formulation of the Constructal Law. 
This study proposes a novel methodology harnessing Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) to seamlessly integrate features from topology optimization, constructal theory, and biomimetic structures. We use DDPM as a digital non-equilibrium complex system to generate geometric patterns for conductive heat sink design. These patterns are sampled to address the original formulation of the area-to-point problem. 
This study emphasizes the significance of morphological freedom in addressing multi-objective problems, reinforcing arguments first formulated within the constructal paradigm. Our framework facilitates low-cost sampling of intricate shapes capable of serving multiple temperature objectives by synthesizing principles from different fields. We show the emergence of dendritic structures to solve distribution problems in an unsupervised learning scenario, drawing a parallel between information and energy flows. 
This research underscores the transformative potential of Generative AI in blending design features across disparate disciplines, a potent tool for developing conductive heat sink solutions beyond deterministic optimization approaches.
FOUNTAIN OF LIGHT – CONSTRUCTAL CASCADES
Authors: GAO KEENA
Published: January 2025

Constructal law governs how all flow systems, whether natural or man-made, exhibit a universal tendency to acquire configuration by facilitating easier and greater flow access over time and available space(Bejan). Applied to the dynamics of pedestrian flow, constructal law can facilitate urban designs for sustainability, accessibility, and efficiency. Inspired by these ideas, the sculpture is shaped like a fountain to symbolize the movement of people like a flowing fluid. The LED lights display the movement of people from a larger area through a bottleneck at the entrance to stairs or an escalator in the sculpture inspired by the dendritic structures anticipated with the constructal law. The sculpture visualizes the constant flux of people through urban environments where each individual contributes to the collective rhythm of society. Though art and science may seem like distinct disciplines, interdisciplinary collaboration has significant value. For instance, visualization of scientific concepts and engineering designs can help create visual representations of scientific theories or communicate ideas to different audiences. Art can show beauty, efficiency, access, and freedom through constructal law.
OPTIMIZING FORMATION FLIGHT VIA THE CONSTRUCTAL LAW
Authors: SAVITT SAMUEL
Published: January 2025

This paper explores 2 cases of flyers in formation: birds and aircraft, both seeking to save energy by flying in the wake of preceding flyers. The V-formation design occurs naturally with birds and is used in practice as a fundamental aircraft formation – aiming to boost lift/reduce induced drag felt by the flyers. The extent of the energy savings depends on the design configuration of the formation. The Constructal Law is applied to this formation flight problem to analyze how the distribution of drag among flyers in a V-formation is related to the optimal formation flight configuration. An analytical model that predicts this optimal configuration is developed and expressed regarding the fundamental formation parameters (velocity, number of aircraft, wingspan, weight, and air density). Model results show that there is not a fixed optimal V-formation design for all formation systems. Instead, the optimal configuration adapts as parameters change. The optimal configuration becomes narrower as the flyers' speed and spacing increase. As the number of flyers increases, the optimal configuration approaches a finite maximum angle. Trends predicted by the model are substantiated by observations from nature, including those of birds, boats, and other wake-generating flow systems. In line with predictions of the Constructal Law, induced drag along the optimal V-formation is distributed as uniformly as possible among flyers (depending on the longitudinal spacing). The model suggests the formation flight system constantly evolves towards a state that maximizes collective access to energy savings by changing the formation design accordingly.
CONSTRUCTAL LAW AND THE OGP OPTIMAL GLOBAL PRICING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: SCURTU SERAFIM GREGORY , SCURTU MIRCEA
Published: January 2025

The document discusses the integration of physics with economics through OGP technology and its application in resolving market arbitrage in various industries.
INVESTIGATION OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL WITH/WITHOUT ALUMINIUM PLATE FOR BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: SAMANCIOĞLU UMUT EGE , ÇETKIN ERDAL
Published: January 2025

Concerns about global warming related to carbon emissions increased interest in electric vehicles (EVs). The current EV technology requires development on fast charging and battery lifetime increment, which require strict temperature control. This study investigated the effectiveness of implementing phase change material (PCM) for battery thermal management with/without an aluminum plate. Initially, a 73 Ah NMC pouch cell was discharged in an insulated environment at a 1°C rate to record the behavior of the battery. Then, a PCM pack is inserted into the cell during discharge. Finally, an aluminum plate with 0.5 mm thickness is inserted between the battery and the PCM pack to uncover the effect on the thermal behavior. To reveal the impact of the experiments, temperature measurements are taken from the upper surface (near positive and negative tabs) and bottom surface of the battery. Results show that the maximum temperature decreases, and temperature uniformity increases with PCM (with/without an aluminum plate) relative to the base case. The temperature difference between the two sides of the battery was measured as 4.3°C, 1.1°C, and 1.2°C for the base case, with the PCM pack and the PCM pack and aluminum plate, respectively. Even though the net temperature differences do not reflect the increased temperature homogeneity achieved with the added aluminum plate, the data set is helpful. In the end, the results of these experiments successfully demonstrated that using PCM is helpful in the thermal management of batteries and that using conductive layers can improve the battery’s thermal uniformity.
ARCHITECTURAL INGENUITY AND THE CONSTRUCTAL LAW: UNLEASHING MAXWELL'S DEMONS
Authors: MAVROMATIDIS LAZAROS
Published: January 2025

Architectural ingenuity is a concept that epitomizes the fusion of design aesthetics and scientific principles, yielding spatial configurations that marry visual allure with science, functional resilience, sustainability, and energetic efficiency. Within this paradigm, the arrow of time, as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics, assumes significance. The evolution of architectural ingenuity unveils an alternative temporal narrative, often overlooked in architectural theory. This narrative finds resonance with the constructal law, propounded by Adrian Bejan, where architectural ingenuity mirrors the dynamic flow systems' fundamental principles. It is a contemporary manifestation of Maxwell's demon, driving spatial design's refinement and evolution. This interplay between human creativity and natural laws sculpts artificial living environments – flow configurations, enhancing human experience while mirroring the universal tendency of flow systems to improve accessibility over time. Architectural ingenuity, fluid and evolving, shapes spaces in synchrony with the essence of time.
LIBERATE HUMAN STRENGTH AND LIFE
Authors: BIZZELL CHRISTINE
Published: January 2025

-
ENHANCING ENERGY ACCESS BY EARTH-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR BUILDINGS’ THERMAL COMFORT BY THE CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN
Authors: SCHMID ALOÍSIO LEONI , ALVES ALEXANDRE BESSA MARTINS , DA ROSA ALEXANDRE RUIZ , ERRERA MARCELO RISSO , STANESCU GEORGE
Published: January 2025

Harnessing soil low-depth thermal energy to support mechanical systems for buildings’ thermal comfort has been considered one pathway for reducing the buildings’ energy demand (avoid) and adding renewable energy to buildings. The literature addressed those issues in many ways. However, this work introduces two key novelties: (1) the optimization of the duct’s configuration and (2) a strategy for the optimal use of the duct assembly to attend to the time-variable energy demand throughout the year. Both are based on the minimization of entropy generation. The irreversibility mechanisms relate to heat transfer and fluid flow in the EAHE and the coupled building-environment-soil-EAHE thermodynamic system. 
This approach was carried out by numerically solving the mathematical model (3-D, transient, heat-conduction finite volume with an upwind scheme and heat convection inside the ducts by known convective correlations) developed considering a solid parallelepiped domain on the ground (WLH), crossed parallel to its central horizontal axis by several channels of rectangular section (wLh), positioned in arrangements of variable geometry. 
The design degrees of freedom are the number of ducts, their dimensions, and the spacing among them while meeting prescribed thermal comfort temperatures for each season. Results show that if the energy access of the EAHE is enhanced or optimized for a date in the year, it may not be helpful in other seasons, thus showing that the greater access of the ground thermal energy throughout the year requires a compromise in the EAHE design.
OPTIMIZING VOLUMETRIC SOLAR AIR RECEIVERS: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF POROSITY AND FLOW EFFECTS ON TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: NAYEL KAMAL , ALMERBATI ABDULRAHMAN
Published: January 2025

Ceramic foams are promising as absorber materials for volumetric solar receivers (VSR) in concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The temperature distribution of the VSR is very important to ensure that it operates efficiently and steadily. This study aims to simulate and analyze the temperature distribution within a VSR considering both the solid and fluid phases. The modelling of the open-cell volumetric receiver employs combined volume-averaged equations, assuming the ceramic foam to possess isotropic and homogeneous properties. To assess the pressure-drop in the VSR a non-Darcian model is adopted. A local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model is implemented to describe the energy equations for both the solid and fluid phases. 
Additionally, the study considers the influence of solar radiation as a heat source on the solid phase. The heat transfer between the surfaces of the volumetric solar air receiver's struts is calculated using the P1 model. At the same time, a macroscopic approach is utilized to evaluate the thermal profile of the ceramic foam. This study also aims to assess the impact of the VSR's porosity and cell size variation on the outlet air temperature. Moreover, the flow scheme of the flowing air, concerning the incident of concentrated radiation, is considered.
FINNED ELLIPTIC TUBES HEAT EXCHANGERS IN THE TURBULENT REGIME CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN
Authors: PEREIRA MARCUS , SOUZA JEFERSON , COEHLO VARGAS JOSE VIRIATO , PITZ DIOGO , ORDONEZ JUAN , MERIO KAVA VANESSA
Published: January 2025

This work seeks numerically the heat exchanger structure direction of evolution in time, i.e., the general optimal that maximizes the total heat transfer rate between a fixed volume arrangement of finned tubes and a turbulent external flow governed by a pressure difference, both for circular and elliptic tube arrays. In this way, the dynamic, ever-changing heat exchanger design that provides easier access to the currents that flow through it is sought for any time reality (e.g., geometry, materials, environment), according to Constructal law. The optimization procedure began by recognizing the limited availability of the design space as a fixed volume constraint. The three-way optimized (3wo) arrangement concerning tube-to-tube distance, eccentricity, and fin density was found as (S/2b, e, ϕf)3wo ≅ (0.5; 0.4; 0.094). A relative heat transfer gain of up to 38% was noted with the elliptic compared to the 3wo circular arrangement, demonstrating that elliptical tube arrangements have potential for considerably better performance and lower cost than traditional circular arrangements.
A LOW-IMPACT HIGH-EFFICIENCY BRAYTON CYCLE CONCEPT WITH EVAPORATIVE COOLING DURING THE COMPRESSION PROCESS USING H2/CH4 FUEL BLENDS
Authors: STANESCU GEORGE , VILAG JENI , VILAG VALERIU , BARBU ENE
Published: January 2025

Towards a low-impact, high-efficiency Brayton cycle concept, a gas generator system including a compressor with evaporative cooling, a combustion chamber using H2/CH4 fuel blends, and a gas turbine is being analyzed at this preliminary stage. The Constructal approach on the effectiveness of compressed air temperature control by evaporative cooling, previously carried out by the authors, shed some light on the potential growth of mechanical power provided by gas turbine power plants of 45.81% and a simultaneous reduction of 2.26% in specific fuel consumption. 
The current study carried out on the combustion chamber reveals that increasing the H2 fraction in the fuel blend results in a direct reduction in carbon dioxide production and a decrease in CO and NOx emissions when the temperature of the flue gas is maintained at 1450 K. Meanwhile, the exergy efficiency of the combustion chamber remains almost constant at 39.3%. Studying the two components already analyzed, the compressor and the combustion chamber, allows us to move towards a low-impact, high-efficiency Brayton cycle concept as close as possible to its technical implementation.
UPGRADING ALONG THE VALUE CHAIN: CONFORMITY BETWEEN HELICES
Authors: KURTOĞLU ÇELIK
Published: January 2025

—
FLUX-FLOW INTERACTION IN ELECTROMAGNETIC BIOIMPEDANCE
Authors: DOBRE ALIN ALEXANDRU , MITROFAN ANDREEA , MOREGA ALEXANDRU M.
Published: January 2025

The electromagnetic field’s morphing in interaction with blood flow may be used to propose a novel bioimpedance technique aimed at the non-invasive detection and mapping of large cerebral vascular networks, such as the dural venous sinuses, which collect the venous deoxygenated blood from the brain region and returns it to the heart through the internal jugular vein and the superior vena cava. In this impedance method, the position of the electrodes on the skull leads the incident flux (the electric current density) to outline the vascular flow and spot the venous sinuses noninvasively. It is crucial for some neurosurgical interventions that the venous sinuses are not accidentally damaged during the procedure since hemorrhage at this level is often fatal.
INTERACTION OF ULTRASONIC AND HEAT FLOW IN ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION – A CONSTRUCTAL GLIMPSE
Authors: VELI YELDA , SĂFTOIU FLORIN , MOREGA ALEXANDRU M.
Published: January 2025

Micro-cavitation processes through ultrasonic transducers are an unconventional way to extract essential oil rapidly. This paper numerically studies the interaction between the fluid and the heat flow from a constructal perspective. The ultrasound source is the pressure the piezoelectric transducer gives, which sources the flow–heat transfer interaction in the working pot. The three flows (the US, the working fluid flow, and the heat produced) interact and morph in response to the mechanical stress created by its source, a sonotrode.
CONSTRUCTAL LAW AND FREE ECONOMIC MARKET
Authors: NEKOUNAM AMIR , OLFATI MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2025

Constructal law is a rapidly expanding field in physics, biology, technology, economics, and social sciences. It states that everything that flows and moves does so with an evolutionary design. Flow configurations, patterns, and rhythms change over time to provide greater access to their streams, allowing for easier flow. The rule of law and government describe movement "with design" on Earth. In a free market system, each person freely follows their interests, ultimately maximizing the interests of society as a whole. This means that free people can choose and trade, leading to increased growth in the country. In other words, in a free market system, individual freedom is a crucial principle for the country's progress; as the Constructal law states, " for a flow system to survive over time, it must evolve freely." In this paper, we will illustrate that when economic freedom increases, the per capita production of countries rises. In other words, economic freedom leads to welfare in society.
CONSTRUCTAL LAW APPLIED TO PROOF MAXIMUM WORK PRINCIPLE. CONSEQUENCES ON CONVEXITY AND NORMAL RULE OF BULKING PLASTICITY AND SURFACE FRICTION POTENTIAL TOGETHER WITH ESTIMATION OF REAL THERMO-MECHANICAL POWER DURING CONTINUUM MEDIA FLOWS
Authors: GAVRUS ADINEL
Published: January 2025

Following the author's previous studies, this scientific article uses the proof of the “Principle” of Maximum Work (PMW), used in metals plasticity theory and surface tribology, through a more general mathematical framework starting from the fundamental Constructal Law. In this paper, the author focuses on the mathematical proof of convexity and normal rule properties of both plastic and friction flow criteria.
Cuvinte cu „etimologie nesigură”. Etimologia din perspectiva elaborării unui dicționar explicativ
Authors:   Institutul de Lingvistică al Academiei Române „Iorgu Iordan - Al. Rosetti”, Vasilescu Florin
Published: January 2025

The article discusses a number of words that have associated the indication „etimology uncertain” or „etimology unknown” in the Romanian dictionaries. After discussing the causes generating such annotations, the assumption is made that some of these words are loanwords from the empires surrounding the three Wallachian countries that formed Romania. The paper presumes an important role played by the Germanic populations in the preservation of the Latin features of the Romance languages. This is also true as regards the population in the former Dacia and Moesia Roman provinces. Besides the Latin heritage, the assumption is made that in the mediaeval and pre-modern times the Romanian language borrowed a number of German words, which are yet to be ascertain as such: cruța (spare, germ. kurzen), creț (curly, germ. krenzen „to have or arrange the hair in crown or wreath fashion”), crâncen (terrible, horrible, germ. kränken(d)), cratiță (pan, germ. Kratzeten). Loanwords from the neighboring countries are also mentioned: cățăra, cotropi (climb, invade, Modern Greek kantzarono, catatropo), cocioabă, coșmelie (hovel, Ukrainian cociuvlia, coșmeli), custură, cotolan (blade, chunk, mediaeval Latin costula, cotula). An etimology is proposed for the word valah, the Latin word „vallatus”, related to the Roman „vallo” and the ulterior „vallatum”, meaning „that who lives on the border (or the bastion, fenced) line”.
Note privind editarea vechilor texte românești
Authors:   Institutul de Lingvistică al Academiei Române „Iorgu Iordan - Al. Rosetti”, Mareș Alexandru
Published: January 2025

Les notes présentes vient à mettre en evidence de nombreuses mauvaises lectures et quelques essais de modernisser la langue, existantes dans les éditions publiées les trois dernières décennie.