bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Ligand Properties of NHC‐Stabilised Phosphorus(I) Cations
Authors: Binder Justin F. , Kosnik Stephanie C. , Macdonald Charles L. B.
Published: November 2017

The isolation and full characterisation of a series of cationic metal–carbonyl complexes bearing an N‐heterocyclic carbene stabilised phosphorus(I) ligand are reported. Specifically, the mononuclear coordination complexes [LM(CO)5][BPh4] (M=Cr, Mo, W), [LFe(CO)4][BPh4] and the dinuclear complexes [LMn2(CO)8][BPh4] and [LCo2(CO)6][BPh4], in which L=[bis(1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)phosphanide]+, have all been isolated in the solid state and structurally confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The dicationic platinum complex trans‐[L2PtCl2][BPh4]2 is also reported and fully characterised. The donor ability of [L]+ has been assessed by IR spectroscopy of its metal–carbonyl complexes and by using DFT calculations. The results suggest that [L]+ is a weak π‐acceptor with moderate donor strength and thus it bridges the gap that exists between phosphines and amines in terms of ligand properties. Collectively, these molecules represent the first crystallographically characterised cationic metal–carbonyl derivatives of a PI‐centred ligand and are a rare collection of cationic metal–carbonyl complexes.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines
Authors: Schlepphorst Christoph , Wiesenfeldt Mario P. , Glorius Frank
Published: November 2017

The enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by direct hydrogenation was achieved using a ruthenium/N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst. The reaction forgoes the need for protecting or activating groups, proceeds with complete regioselectivity, good to excellent yields, enantiomeric ratios of up to 98:2, and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, which are found in numerous bioactive molecules, were directly obtained by this method, and its applicability was demonstrated by the (formal) synthesis of several functional molecules.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Unnatural Base Pairs: The Role of Dispersion Interactions
Authors: Jahiruddin Sk , Mandal Nilangshu , Datta Ayan
Published: November 2017

Recent reports of the successful incorporation of unnatural base pairs (UBPs), such as d5SICS–dNaM, in the gene sequence and replication with DNA is an important milestone in synthetic biology. Followed by this, several other UBPs, such as dTPT3–dNaM, dTPT3–dFIMO, dTPT3–IMO, dTPT3–FEMO, FTPT3–NaM, FTPT3–FIMO, FTPT3–IMO, and FTPT3–FEMO, have demonstrated similar or better retention and fidelity inside cells. Of these base pairs, dNaM–dTPT3 has been optimized to be a better fit inside a pAIO plasmid. Based on both implicit and explicit dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that although this set of UBPs is significantly diverse in elemental and structural configuration, the members do share a common trait of favoring a slipped parallel stacked dimer arrangement. Unlike the natural bases (A, T, G, C, and U), this set of UBPs has a negligible affinity for a Watson–Crick (WC)‐type planar structure because they are invariably more stable within slipped parallel stacked orientations. We also observed that all the UBPs have either similar or higher binding energies with the natural bases in similar stacked orientations. When arranged between two natural base pairs, the UBPs exhibited a binding energy similar to that of three‐base sequences of natural bases. Our computational data show that the most promising base pairs are 5SICS–NaM, TPT3–NaM, and TPT3–FEMO. These results are consistent with recent progress on experimental research into UBPs along with our previous calculations on the d5SICS–dNaM pair and, therefore, strengthen the hypothesis that hydrogen bonding might not be absolutely essential and that interbase stacking dispersion interactions play a key role in the stabilization of genetic materials.
Activation of Dinitrogen with a Superalkali Species, Li3F2
Authors: Park Heejune , Meloni Giovanni
Published: November 2017

The capability of the superalkali Li3F2 to activate dinitrogen (N2) is presented. The (Li3F2)nN2 clusters (n=1–6) were investigated first at the MP2/6‐311+G(3d2f,2df,2p)//B3LYP/6‐311G(2d,d,p) level of theory. Clusters up to n=4 were also optimized through the CBS‐QB3 composite model. The complete dissociation of N2 was confirmed through visualized molecular orbitals and bond order calculation. The N−N bond is weakened by the addition of Li3F2 superalkali units. The enthalpy of atomization
and formation
), charge flows (Δq), binding energies, and the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are calculated to help explain the N2 activation.
Practice the craft of disability services
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: November 2017

ORLANDO — Like most disability services professionals, Tom Thompson, principal consultant at TMLS Consulting, has learned about the field from his colleagues. Thompson discussed how his views of the profession have grown and evolved at a session at the Association on Higher Education And Disability annual conference.
Three Types of Mixed Alkali‐Metal‐, Transition‐Metal‐, or Rare‐Earth‐Substituted Sandwich‐Type Arsenotungstates with Supporting Rare‐Earth Pendants
Authors: Luo Jie , Jin Guangfeng , Zhang Fang , Liu Yun , Chen Lijuan , Xie Songqiang , Zhao Junwei
Published: November 2017

Three types of mixed alkali‐metal‐, transition‐metal‐, or rare‐earth‐substituted sandwich‐type arsenotungstates with supporting rare‐earth pendants, namely, [La(H2O)8]2H[K2LaCu3(H2O)9][B‐α‐AsW9O33]2·17H2O (1), Na2K0.5RE0.5[RE(H2O)8][K3Cu2WO(H2O)10][B‐α‐AsW9O33]2·14H2O [RE = Pr3+ (2), Nd3+ (3), Sm3+ (4), Eu3+ (5)], and K2H[Pr(H2O)6][Pr(H2O)7][K2NaCu3(H2O)7][B‐α‐AsW9O33]2·18H2O (6), were synthesized in aqueous solution. The utilization of different alkali‐metal cations led to the formation of three structural types. If only K+ cations were utilized in the system, 1 was obtained, whereas 2–6 formed when Na+ and K+ cations were used. In addition, the common characteristic of 1–6 is that they consist of hexanuclear heterometal‐substituted sandwich‐type arsenotungstate structural units, and the hexanuclear heterometallic clusters in the central belt are distributed in a triangular fashion. The solid‐state photoluminescence spectra of 2, 3, 4, and 5 at ambient temperature are mainly derived from the f–f electron transitions of the RE cations. The drug activities of 4 and 5 were measured through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and the results demonstrate that 4 can induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells and HCT‐116 cells through the activation of caspase‐3 and the autophagy of HepG2 cells and HCT‐116 cells through the involvement of lysosomes. The coexistence of apoptosis and autophagy leads to the death of cancer cells.
Stereoselective Synthesis of gem‐Difluoromethylenated Linear Azatriquinanes
Authors: Masusai Chonticha , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Reutrakul Vichai , Pohmakotr Manat
Published: November 2017

The stereoselective synthesis of gem‐difluoromethylenated linear azatriquinanes is described herein. The fluoride‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of PhSCF2SiMe3 (1), exploited as a gem‐difluoromethylene (‐CF2‐) building block, to chiral phthalimide 2 provided the corresponding gem‐difluoromethylenated adduct 3 in high yield as a diastereomeric mixture. The stereoselective intramolecular radical cyclization of 3 furnished chiral linear azatriquinanes 4, the hydroxy group of which subsequently underwent nucleophilic substitution by organosilanes to provide 5 with high stereoselectivity. Treatment of 5 with Grignard reagents or a reducing agent provided a collection of chiral gem‐difluoromethylenated linear azatriquinanes 6–8.
Higher doses of intraoperative analgesia are associated with lower levels of persistent pain and less analgesic consumption six months after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: von Dincklage F. , Jakuscheit A. , Weth J. , Lichtner G. , Jurth C. , Rehberg‐Klug B.
Published: November 2017

Background

Persistent postoperative pain is a major health problem affecting nearly 30% of all patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the intensity of acute postoperative pain and persistent pain, but this association might be an epiphenomenon of insufficient intraoperative analgesia. In this study, we investigated the association between the intraoperative level of analgesia and the persistent postoperative pain 6 months after surgery.

Methods

We investigated 110 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty under total intravenous general anaesthesia in a prospective cohort study. A highly standardized surgical and a standardized anaesthetic procedure were performed to reduce variability and psychosocial influences were investigated to adjust for confounders. Acute postoperative pain was controlled using patient‐controlled analgesia pumps. Postoperative pain intensities and analgesic requirements were monitored for 6 months following surgery.

Results

Of 105 patients included in the analysis, 32% continued using daily pain medication 6 months after surgery and reported a median pain level of 4/10. Multivariate analyses confirmed that the amount of intraoperative analgesia is a significant predictor of regular analgesic use and pain intensity 6 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Higher levels of intraoperative analgesia are associated with lower levels of persistent pain and less analgesic consumption 6 months after total hip arthroplasty. Persistent pain may be attributable to intraoperative nociception, which is likely not adequately assessed and suppressed using current clinical measures.

Significance

Our study suggests that lower doses of intraoperative analgesia are associated with higher levels of persistent postoperative pain. Persistent pain may be caused by intraoperative nociception, which is likely not adequately suppressed using current clinical standard analgesic measures.
Copper uptake, patterns of bioaccumulation, and effects in glochidia (larvae) of the freshwater mussel (Lampsilis cardium)
Authors: B. Jorge Marianna , Bianchini Adalto , M. Wood Chris , Gillis Patricia L.
Published: November 2017

The early life stages of freshwater mussels are particularly sensitive to copper (Cu) contamination. We measured the acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and sublethal effects of Cu in glochidia. In addition, we used radiolabeled Cu (64Cu) to examine the time-dependent kinetics of uptake over 24 h. Uptake of 64Cu by live and dead glochidia exposed to 0.11 μmol/L exhibited similar hyperbolic patterns over the first 40 min, indicating an adsorptive phase independent of larval metabolism. Thereafter, uptake was linear with time, with a 10-fold lower bioaccumulation rate in live than in dead animals, representing a close to steady state of Cu regulation. In contrast, dead glochidia exhibited a progressively increasing uptake, possibly attributable to the fact that metal-binding sites become more accessible. Mortality was strongly correlated with bioaccumulation (48 h); live glochidia exposed to Cu concentrations >0.27 μmol/L lost their regulatory ability and accumulated Cu to an even greater extent than dead animals. Exposure to Cu induced significant decreases in whole-body Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations; increases in reactive oxygen species concentration, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation; and a decrease in antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals. Overall, these results clarify the patterns of Cu uptake and regulation, emphasize the importance of distinguishing between live and dead larvae, and indicate that toxicity is associated with Cu bioaccumulation, involving both ionoregulatory disturbance and oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1092–1103. © 2017 SETAC
Sex differences in the phagocytic and migratory activity of microglia and their impairment by palmitic acid
Authors: Yanguas‐Casás Natalia , Crespo‐Castrillo Andrea , de Ceballos Maria L. , Chowen Julie A. , Azcoitia Iñigo , Arevalo Maria Angeles , Garcia‐Segura Luis M.
Published: November 2017

Sex differences in the incidence, clinical manifestation, disease course, and prognosis of neurological diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders or Alzheimer's disease, have been reported. Obesity has been postulated as a risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease and, during pregnancy, increases the risk of autism spectrum disorders in the offspring. Obesity is associated with increased serum and brain levels of free fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, which activate microglial cells triggering a potent inflammatory cascade. In this study, we have determined the effect of palmitic acid in the inflammatory profile, motility, and phagocytosis of primary male and female microglia, both in basal conditions and in the presence of a pro‐inflammatory stimulus (interferon‐γ). Male microglia in vitro showed higher migration than female microglia under basal and stimulated conditions. In contrast, female microglia had higher basal and stimulated phagocytic activity than male microglia. Palmitic acid did not affect basal migration or phagocytosis, but abolished the migration and phagocytic activity of male and female microglia in response to interferon‐γ. These findings extend previous observations of sex differences in microglia and suggest that palmitic acid impairs the protective responses of these cells.
Cognitive abilities, brain white matter hyperintensity volume, and structural network connectivity in older age
Authors: Wiseman Stewart J. , Booth Tom , Ritchie Stuart J. , Cox Simon R. , Muñoz Maniega Susana , Valdés Hernández Maria del C. , Dickie David Alexander , Royle Natalie A. , Starr John M. , Deary Ian J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Bastin Mark E.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To assess brain structural connectivity in relation to cognitive abilities in healthy ageing, and the mediating effects of white matter hyper‐intensity (WMH) volume.

Methods

MRI data were analysed in 558 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Brains were segmented into 85 regions and combined with tractography to generate structural connectomes. WMH volume was quantified. Relationships between whole‐brain connectivity, assessed using graph theory metrics, and four major domains of cognitive ability (visuospatial reasoning, verbal memory, information processing speed and crystallized ability) were investigated, as was the mediating effects of WMH volume on these relationships.

Results

Visuospatial reasoning was associated with network strength, mean shortest path length, and global efficiency. Memory was not associated with any network connectivity metric. Information processing speed and crystallized ability were associated with all network measures. Some relationships were lost when adjusted for mean network FA. WMH volume mediated 11%–15% of the relationships between most network measures and information processing speed, even after adjusting for mean network FA.

Conclusion

Brain structural connectivity relates to visuospatial reasoning, information processing speed and crystallized ability, but not memory, in this relatively healthy age‐homogeneous cohort of 73 year olds. When adjusted for mean FA across the network, most relationships are lost, except with information processing speed suggesting that the underlying topological network structure is related to this cognitive domain. Moreover, the connectome‐processing speed relationship is partly mediated by WMH volume in this cohort. Hum Brain Mapp 39:622–632, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural mechanisms of interference control in working memory capacity
Authors: Bomyea Jessica , Taylor Charles T. , Spadoni Andrea D. , Simmons Alan N.
Published: November 2017

The extent to which one can use cognitive resources to keep information in working memory is known to rely on (1) active maintenance of target representations and (2) downregulation of interference from irrelevant representations. Neurobiologically, the global capacity of working memory is thought to depend on the prefrontal and parietal cortices; however, the neural mechanisms involved in controlling interference specifically in working memory capacity tasks remain understudied. In this study, 22 healthy participants completed a modified complex working memory capacity task (Reading Span) with trials of varying levels of interference control demands while undergoing functional MRI. Neural activity associated with interference control demands was examined separately during encoding and recall phases of the task. Results suggested a widespread network of regions in the prefrontal, parietal, and occipital cortices, and the cingulate and cerebellum associated with encoding, and parietal and occipital regions associated with recall. Results align with prior findings emphasizing the importance of frontoparietal circuits for working memory performance, including the role of the inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate, occipital cortex, and cerebellum in regulation of interference demands.
Alleviation of cadmium‐induced oxidative stress by trehalose via inhibiting the Nrf2‐Keap1 signaling pathway in primary rat proximal tubular cells
Authors: Wang Xin‐Yu , Wang Zhen‐Yong , Zhu Yi‐Song , Zhu Si‐Ming , Fan Rui‐Feng , Wang Lin
Published: November 2017

Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates a cluster of oxidative stress‐inducible genes in cells. Here, we aimed to investigate whether trehalose (Tre) protects primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells against cadmium (Cd)‐induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Data showed that Tre treatment inhibited Nrf2 nuclear translocation and restored the decline in Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein level in Cd‐exposed rPT cells. Moreover, Cd‐activated Nrf2 target genes, including phase II detoxifying enzymes, that is, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase‐1, direct antioxidant proteins, that is, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione biosynthesis‐related proteins, that is, glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit, glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and glutathione reductase, were all downregulated by co‐treatment with Tre. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Tre treatment alleviates Cd‐induced oxidative stress in rPT cells by inhibiting the Nrf2‐Keap1 signaling pathway.
Epidemiology of therapeutic apheresis with a multidisciplinary approach at a high volume pediatric center
Authors: Sirignano Rachel M. , Paden Matthew L. , Fasano Ross , Meyer Erin K.
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Therapeutic apheresis (TA) is used inconsistently in pediatric populations. We seek to define our multidisciplinary institutional practice.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients receiving TA from January 1, 2012 through October 31, 2015. Data collected included demographics, American Society of Apheresis (ASFA) indication, complications, and mortality.

Results

Over 46 months, 1198 TA procedures were conducted on 289 patients ranging in age from 5 months to 21 years with weights ranging from 4.76 to 170.3 kg (16 procedures in patients <10 kg). The procedures were 86% therapeutic plasma exchange, 10% red blood cell exchange, 4% extracorporeal photopheresis, and 5 leukocytapheresis procedures. TA was initiated in different clinical environments: 41% outpatient, 37% intensive care, 15% general inpatient, and 7% operating room. The ASFA category (6th edition) indications for the 1198 procedures included: 44% category I, 25% category II, 23% category III, a single category IV procedure, and the remainder (8%) uncategorized by ASFA. The rate of procedure failure and procedure‐related mortality are 1 and 0%, respectively. Case mortality rate was 4%.

Conclusion

At a large volume pediatric hospital, TA is commonly used and can be performed safely in a variety of settings by a multidisciplinary team. This demographic review catalogs the number and type of procedures performed as a second‐line therapy or on the basis of limited evidence. Additional collaborative investigation is needed to evaluate unique implications of TA in pediatrics to maximize efficacy while preserving safety.
Understanding the association between discrimination and depression among sexual minority people of color: Evidence for diminishing returns of socioeconomic advantage
Authors: Sutter Megan , Perrin Paul B. , Trujillo Michael A.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To examine the differential association of heterosexism and racism on depression as moderated by socioeconomic status (SES) among sexual minority people of color.

Method

A cross‐sectional sample of sexual minority people of color (n = 170) was surveyed on their experiences of heterosexism, racism, depression, and SES in a national online study based in the United States.

Results

Bivariately, SES was inversely associated with depression, racism, and heterosexism. Moderation analyses found that for individuals with less socioeconomic advantage, the associations between heterosexism and depression were not as strong. However, at higher socioeconomic advantage, heterosexism was more strongly positively associated with depression.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the effects of discrimination on depression in sexual minority individuals of color may be accentuated at higher socioeconomic levels. Implications suggest helping sexual minority clients of color from higher SES backgrounds explore the effects of discrimination on their mental health.
LncRNA GHET1 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cell proliferation by silencing KLF2
Authors: Jin Li , He Yangke , Tang Shijia , Huang Shan
Published: November 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) attract much attention of researchers, and they are demonstrated to be dysregulated in a variety of cancers, including HCC. LncRNA gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 lncRNA GHET1 is found to be dysregulated in gastric cancer (GC). However, its clinical value and potential biological function in HCC remains unclear. In this study, the expression level of GHET1 was analyzed in 72 HCC tissues and matched normal tissues by using Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). GHET1 expression was significantly up‐regulated in HCC tissues and the higher level of GHET1 was related to vascular invasion, cirrhosis, tumor size, edmindson grade, and poor prognosis. Moreover, knockdown of GHET1 inhibited cell proliferation of HCC, and also caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in HCC cell lines. We also found that GHET1 could epigenetically repress transcription of Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) in HCC cells by recruiting PRC2 into KLF2 promoter region. Our results indicated that lncRNA GHET1, as a growth regulator, might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapy target for HCC.
Elevated potassium outward currents in hyperoxia treated atrial cardiomyocytes
Authors: Vysotskaya Zhanna , Chidipi Bojjibabu , Rodgers Jennifer L. , Tang Xiaolan , Samal Eva , Kolliputi Narasaiah , Mohapatra Subhra , Bennett Eric S. , Panguluri Siva K.
Published: November 2017

Supplementation of 100% oxygen is a very common intervention in intensive care units (ICU) and critical care centers for patients with dysfunctional lung and lung disorders. Although there is advantage in delivering sufficient levels of oxygen, hyperoxia is reported to be directly associated with increasing in‐hospital deaths. Our previous studies reported ventricular and electrical remodeling in hyperoxia treated mouse hearts, and in this article, for the first time, we are investigating the effects of hyperoxia on atrial electrophysiology using whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology experiments along with assessment of Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and KChIP2 transcripts and protein profiles using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Our data showed that induction of hyperoxia for 3 days in mice showed larger outward potassium currents with shorter action potential durations (APD). This increase in current densities is due to significant increase in ultrarapid delayed rectifier outward K+ currents (IKur) and rapidly activating, rapidly inactivating transient outward K+ current (Ito) densities. We also observed a significant increase in both transcripts and protein levels of Kv1.5 and KChIP2 in hyperoxia treated atrial cardiomyocytes, whereas no significant change was observed in Kv4.2 transcripts or protein. The data presented here further support our previous findings that hyperoxia induces not only ventricular remodeling, but also atrial electrical remodeling.
Clique minors in double‐critical graphs
Authors: Rolek Martin , Song Zi‐Xia
Published: November 2017

A connected t‐chromatic graph G is double‐critical if is ‐colorable for each edge . A long‐standing conjecture of Erdős and Lovász that the complete graphs are the only double‐critical t‐chromatic graphs remains open for all . Given the difficulty in settling Erdős and Lovász's conjecture and motivated by the well‐known Hadwiger's conjecture, Kawarabayashi, Pedersen, and Toft proposed a weaker conjecture that every double‐critical t‐chromatic graph contains a minor and verified their conjecture for . Albar and Gonçalves recently proved that every double‐critical 8‐chromatic graph contains a K8 minor, and their proof is computer assisted. In this article, we prove that every double‐critical t‐chromatic graph contains a minor for all . Our proof for is shorter and computer free.
99mTc‐labeled rHuEpo for imaging of the erythropoietin receptor in tumors
Authors: Zhuang Xiaoqing , Zhao Dan , Yang Pengfei , Jia Yingqin , Liang Rui , Zhao Qian , Han Chunlei , Kinsella Joseph M. , Sheng Ruilong , Li Juan
Published: November 2017

To analyze erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) status in tumors, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) was labeled with 99mTc by 99mTc‐centered 1‐pot synthesis, resulting in high radiochemical purity, stability, and biological activity. Both in vitro cell culture experiments and biodistribution studies of normal rats demonstrated successful EpoR targeting. The biodistribution of labeled rHuEpo in a NCI‐H1975 xenograft model showed tumor accumulation (tumor‐to‐muscle ratio, 4.27 ± 1.77), confirming the expression of active EpoR in tumors. Thus, as a novel single positron emission computerized tomography tracer for the imaging of EpoR expression in vivo, 99mTc‐rHuEpo is effective for exploring the role of EpoR in cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.
MR textural analysis on T2 FLAIR images for the prediction of true oligodendroglioma by the 2016 WHO genetic classification
Authors: Rui Wenting , Ren Yan , Wang Yin , Gao Xinyi , Xu Xiao , Yao Zhenwei
Published: November 2017

Background

The genetic status of 1p/19q is important for differentiating oligodendroglioma, isocitrate‐dehydrogenase (IDH)‐mutant, and 1p/19q‐codeleted from diffuse astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Purpose

To assess the value of magnetic resonance textural analysis (MRTA) on T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images for making a genetically integrated diagnosis of true oligodendroglioma by WHO guidelines.

Study Type

Retrospective case control.

Subjects

In all, there were 54 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of diffuse glioma (grade II). All were tested for IDH and 1p/19q.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T, including T2 FLAIR sequence, axial T1‐weighted, and T2‐weighted sequence.

Assessment

MRTA on a representative tumor region of interest (ROI) was made on preoperative T2 FLAIR images around the area that had the largest diameter of solid tumor using Omni Kinetics software.

Statistical Tests

Differences between IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐codeleted and IDH‐mutant and 1p/19q‐intact gliomas were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney rank sum test. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were created to assess MRTA diagnostic performance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with a cutoff value according to the Youden Index.

Results

Comparisons demonstrated significant differences in kurtosis (P = 0.007), energy (0.008), entropy (0.008), mean deviation (MD) (<0.001), and high gray‐level run emphasis (HGLRE) (0.002), cluster shade (0.025), and sum average (0.002). First‐order features comprising entropy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.718, sensitivity = 97.1%) and energy (0.719, 94.1%) had the highest sensitivity but lower specificity (both 45%). Second‐order features such as HGLRE (AUC = 0.750, sensitivity = 73.5%, specificity = 80.0%) and sum average (0.751, 70.6%, 80.0%) had relatively higher specificity, and all had AUC >0.7. MD had the highest diagnostic performance, with AUC = 0.878, sensitivity = 94.1%, specificity = 75.0%, PPV = 86.5%, and NPV = 88.2%.

Data Conclusion

MRTA on T2 FLAIR images may be helpful in identifying oligodendroglioma, IDH‐mutant, and 1p/19q‐codeleted.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Metal transformation as a strategy for bacterial detoxification of heavy metals
Authors: Essa Ashraf M. M. , Al Abboud Mohamed A. , Khatib Sayeed I.
Published: November 2017

Microorganisms can modify the chemical and physical characters of metals leading to an alteration in their speciation, mobility, and toxicity. Aqueous heavy metals solutions (Hg, Cd, Pb, Ag, Cu, and Zn) were treated with the volatile metabolic products (VMPs) of Escherichia coli Z3 for 24 h using aerobic bioreactor. The effect of the metals treated with VMPs in comparison to the untreated metals on the growth of E. coli S1 and Staphylococcus aureus S2 (local isolates) was examined. Moreover, the toxic properties of the treated and untreated metals were monitored using minimum inhibitory concentration assay. A marked reduction of the treated metals toxicity was recorded in comparison to the untreated metals. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis revealed the formation of metal particles in the treated metal solutions. In addition to heavy metals at variable ratios, these particles consisted of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen elements. The inhibition of metal toxicity was attributed to the existence of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide in the VMPs of E. coli Z3 culture that might responsible for the transformation of soluble metal ions into metal complexes. This study clarified the capability of E. coli Z3 for indirect detoxification of heavy metals via the immobilization of metal ions into biologically unavailable species.
Implementing the 2012 North American Waterfowl Management Plan revision: Populations, habitat, and people
Authors: Humburg Dale D. , Anderson Michael G. , Brasher Michael G. , Carter Michael F. , Eadie John M. , Fulton David C. , Johnson Fred A. , Runge Michael C. , Vrtiska Mark P.
Published: November 2017

The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) has established a model for wildlife conservation planning over the last 3 decades. Management at a continental scale, leveraged funding, regional partnerships, and a strong science basis have been notable features. Periodic updates to the NAWMP occurred since implementation in 1986; however, a fundamental revision was accomplished in 2012 after extensive stakeholder engagement. An explicit fundamental goal for waterfowl conservation supporters was added in 2012, complementing existing goals for sustainable populations and sufficient habitat found in previous updates. We present a synopsis of progress toward implementation of the 2012 NAWMP and challenge the waterfowl management community to continue with meaningful steps toward achieving NAWMP goals. Adding goals and objectives for supporters increases potential relevance of NAWMP; however, it also presents a level of complexity that was not entirely anticipated. Additionally, the 2012 NAWMP recognized that traditional support from waterfowl hunters alone will not be sufficient to support waterfowl conservation in the future. Simultaneous consideration of multiple objectives, although implicit before, now is a specific focus for habitat and harvest management affecting hunters and other users of the waterfowl resource. The waterfowl management community is faced with revisiting objectives and management actions related to harvest regulations, landscape priorities, habitat conservation, and public engagement to garner broader support. These persistent management challenges are tangible and relevant candidates for greater integration. Ultimately, the structures and processes supporting waterfowl management also will need to be reconsidered. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Tree cavity occupancy by nesting vertebrates across cavity age
Authors: Edworthy Amanda B. , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Cockle Kristina L. , Wiebe Karen L. , Martin Kathy
Published: November 2017

Cavity‐nesting birds and mammals exhibit species‐specific nest‐site selection for tree characteristics and cavity dimensions. Although trees and their cavities change as they age, with trees becoming softer and cavities becoming larger, it is not known how their value as nesting resources varies with age. In the context of wildlife and forest management, we investigated the relative value of generating a supply of fresh cavities, which are thought to be of high quality, versus protecting cavities as they age and expand in interior volume. For 21 years (1995–2016), we monitored the formation and occupancy of tree cavities used by >30 species of birds and mammals in interior British Columbia, Canada. Cavity occupancy by secondary users was highest 1 year post‐excavation (53%), then declined to 40% after 2 years, remained at 33 ± 7% (SD) between 3 and 16 years of age, and increased to 50% use from 17–20 years post‐excavation. Excavators that reused cavities (woodpeckers [Picidae], nuthatches [Sitta spp.]) strongly selected 1‐ and 2‐year‐old cavities, large‐bodied non‐excavators (ducks, raptors, squirrels) selected mid‐aged cavities, and mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) selected most strongly for the oldest cavities. Cavities created in living aspen trees (Populus spp.), especially those excavated by northern flickers (Colaptes auratus), maintained high occupancy by secondary users across cavity age, and provided the bulk of cavities used in this system. Altogether, these results show that a diverse excavator community is needed to generate a supply of fresh cavities in the ecosystem, and retention of the mid‐aged and older cavities will help support larger species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nanolasers Enabled by Metallic Nanoparticles: From Spasers to Random Lasers
Authors: Wang Zhuoxian , Meng Xiangeng , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M.
Published: November 2017

Owing to exotic optical responses, metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures are finding broad applications in laser science, leading to numerous design variations of plasmonic nanolasers. Nowadays, two of the most intriguing plasmonic nanolasing devices are spasers and random lasers. While a spaser is based on a single metallic nanoparticle resonator with the optical feedback provided by the localized surface plasmon resonance, the operation of a random laser relies on multiple light scattering within randomly distributed metallic nanoparticles. In this paper, an up‐to‐date review on the applications of metallic nanoparticles in spasers and random lasers is provided. Principles of a random spaser, a device combining the features of a spaser and a random laser, are briefly discussed as well. The paper is focused on major theoretical and experimental approaches to control the core metrics of lasing performance, including threshold, resonant wavelength, and emission directionality. The applications of spasers and random lasers in the fields of sensing and imaging are also mentioned. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research are discussed.
Control of Radiation/Living Graft Polymerization in the Solid State
Authors: Hamada Takashi , Hasegawa Shin , Maekawa Yasunari
Published: November 2017

A novel approach for the preparation of well‐defined graft polymers is applied to poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) substrates, using a combination of radiation‐induced graft polymerization (RIGP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The ATRP of styrene (St) and styrene sulfonic acid ethyl ester (ETSS) has successfully proceeded from the macroinitiators, which are introduced by RIGP of chloromethylstyrene in the solid‐state PEEK substrates at 50 °C under conditions where no thermal polymerization takes place. By optimizing the catalyst concentration, the grafting degree of St and ETSS increases linearly up to ≈112 and 381%, followed by a unique rapid increase at a speed similar to that observed in solution ATRP. The living nature of the propagating radicals at the terminal of grafted polymers is confirmed by successive ATRP of St from the St‐grafted PEEK films, which are isolated after an initial round of ATRP of St.
Neobladder—Vaginal fistula: The University of Southern California experience
Authors: Rosenberg Shilo , Miranda Gus , Ginsberg David A.
Published: November 2017

Aims

The use of orthotropic neobladder (ONB) construction in women has increased in popularity. With increasing numbers so have complications distinct to this procedure. Neobladder vaginal fistula (NVF) is a rare but challenging complication. We present our experience correcting this problem.

Methods

An IRB approved database of female patients with an ONB was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a history of NVF were identified and charts reviewed. Our standard technique of radical cystectomy and orthotopic diversion in female patients includes interposition of omentum between the neobladder and anterior vaginal wall and sacrocolpopexy.

Results

Two hundred and forty‐nine female patients underwent cystectomy and ONB construction between 1995 and 2015. Fourteen patients were diagnosed with a NVF (5.6% incidence). The average age and follow‐up was 67 years and 33.7 months, respectively. Surgery for fistula closure was attempted in 13 patients. One repair was combined abdominal and transvaginal; the remaining 12 were performed transvaginally. Location of NVF was categorized as at the urethra‐neobladder anastomosis (UNA, nine patients) and anterior vaginal wall (AVW, four patients). Eight patients had a successful fistula repair (61.5%) but only five patients ultimately retained their ONB (39%).

Conclusions

Patients with a NVF pose a surgical challenge. Successful fistula repair does not necessarily result in adequate continence due to an incompetent outlet. NVF location at the UNA is the more common location and is more challenging in regard to successful resolution of the NVF as well as possible urinary incontinence post‐NVF repair.
Assessment of modified rice husk powder/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposites for biomedical applications
Authors: Amin Amal , Kandil Heba , Soliman Abdelmohsen , Rabia A.M. , El. Nashar Doaa E. , Ismail Mohamed Nader
Published: November 2017

The nanocomposite of nano rice husk powder (nRHP)–ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) was prepared from modified nRHP and EPDM with different formulations containing 0–100 parts of modified nRHP per 100 parts of EPDM using curing process and laboratory size two roll mill. The surface of nRHP was modified by grafting MA‐g‐EPDM copolymer on its surface to enhance the compatibility between nRHP and EPDM. MA‐g‐EPDM copolymer was successfully prepared by melt method. The effect of filler (nRHP) loading on the mechanical and morphological properties of the modified nRHP–EPDM nanocomposites was investigated compared to the unmodified nRHP–EPDM nanocomposites (blank). Successive study was carried out on the nRHP–EPDM nanocomposites by means of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) as a fine source of human cell lines to test the cytotoxicity of the prepared nanocomposites by using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The in vitro study indicated that the prepared nanocomposites were non‐toxic for HGF and could be developed for future medical uses. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E500–E507, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Covalent functionalization of MWCNT with PHBV chains: Evaluation of the functionalization and production of nanocomposites
Authors: Amaral Montanheiro Thaís L. , Montagna Larissa Stieven , Machado João Paulo Barros , Lemes Ana Paula
Published: November 2017

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were covalently functionalized with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) chains, through esterification reaction. Thereunto, pristine MWCNT (P‐MWCNT) were oxidized (MWCNT‐COOH) and posteriorly reduced (MWCNT‐OH). MWCNT‐OH were used to produce MWCNT functionalized with PHBV chains (MWCNT‐PHBV). All functionalized MWCNT were used to produce PHBV nanocomposites films with 0.5 wt% by solution casting. Functionalization was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (TGA), and nanocomposites were characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction and contact angle measurements. Results showed that functionalization with PHBV chains was successfully performed and that the polymer chains were attached to MWCNT surface, as expected. IG/ID ratio obtained from Raman curves was reduced from 1.34 to P‐MWCNT to 0.90 to MWCNT‐PHBV. TGA confirmed the presence of PHBV on MWCNT surface, showing a peak at 236°C on the first derivative curve. Crystallite size of PHBV on 020 plane was 11% larger with introduction of MWCNT in nanocomposites. Contact angle was increased with the introduction and functionalization of MWCNT. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:288–295, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
A study of mechanical properties of foil materials for the GEM detector proposed for the CMS muon system upgrade at LHC
Authors: Saviano G. , Muhammad S. , Bianco S. , Benussi L. , Piccolo D. , Caponero M.A. , Passamonti L. , Pierluigi D. , Russo A. , Lalli A. , Valente M. , Sarasini F. , Marra F. , Tirillò J. , Ferrini M. , Sharma A. , Langeslag S.A.E. , Sgobba S. , Santillana I.A. , Vai I.
Published: November 2017

The material characterization of the gaseous electron multiplier (GEM) detectors is presented in this article; mechanical tests were performed to examine the mechanical performance of polyimide (Kapton) and GEM foil. Bearing in mind the mechanical stresses imposed during the assembly and subsequently during operation at Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS). The detectors will run for many years in the harsh radiation and environmental conditions at the CMS. In view of this a series of the tensile tests were performed by using different samples which were prepared accordingly, i.e. a set of the samples was exposed to neutron and another exposed to gamma radiation, and then these were made dry and wet to assess the effects of radiation and humidity on their tensile properties. In this paper the experimental setup, testing procedures, sampling and detailed results are presented. In general, due to the radiation and environment variation conditions the degradation of the GEM material is not significant with respect to its toughness, but the Young's modulus was effected. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1539–1547, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of copolymers of urea–succinic acid–ethylene glycol and copolymers of urea–succinic acid–glycerol
Authors: Landim Lucas B. , Pinto José Carlos , Cabral‐Albuquerque Elaine C.M. , Cunha Silvio , Fialho Rosana L.
Published: November 2017

The main aim of the present study is the analysis of the structural, chemical, and thermal properties of urea–succinic acid–ethylene glycol (U/SA/EG) and urea–succinic acid–glycerol (U/SA/GLY) copolymers produced in aqueous solutions with different compositions. These materials find potential use in agricultural applications. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization process (MALDI TOF), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The obtained results indicate that the use of ethylene glycol and glycerol as comonomers can improve some of the final copolymer properties, leading to increase of the copolymer thermal stability and increase of the average molecular weights. However, addition of glycerol in excess can reduce the thermal stability of the final resin. Additionally, it is shown that ethylene glycol and glycerol can also act as chain transfer agents, also allowing for chain branching. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1575–1582, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Methodology for sustainable product design
Authors: Sampaio Álvaro M. , Sousa Ana M. , Simões Paulo , Pontes António J.
Published: November 2017

The market growing saturation with products similar to the already existent ones or whose adaptation to a user revealed inefficiency, makes relevant the development of projects that effectively bring competitive advantage and consequently contribute to the development and wellbeing of the society and the ecosystem. Therefore, the propose of this research is to elaborate a methodology that enables the development of products, that present solution to the user needs, but considering also the environmental issues. Through an exploratory research and the redesign of a vacuum cleaner as a case study, a new methodology divided into two phases is presented where the: (i) recognition of the real needs of users, as well as problems associated with the product, through research and usability testing (N = 120) and (ii) the environmental impact of the product are addressed. In this way, it was possible to defined the criteria to be incorporated into the product, with the aim of applying measures to improve the usability of the product, that are consistent with ecological solutions and therefore sustainable. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:535–544, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of α‐tocopherol/MCM‐41 assembly on physical and antioxidant release properties of low‐density polyethylene antioxidant active films
Authors: Sun Li‐Nan , Lu Li‐Xin , Wang Li‐Qiang , Qiu Xiao‐Lin , Ge Changfeng
Published: November 2017

α‐Tocopherol, usually used as an antioxidant in the packaging industry, was loaded into inner pore channels of Mobil composition of matter NO.41(MCM‐41) mesoporous silica material to control its release from packaging materials into fatty food simulant. Different amount of α‐tocopherol/MCM‐41 assembly were coextruded with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) granulates to prepare antioxidant active films by flat extrusion. The influence of the assembly addition amounts on the properties of LDPE films including physical properties and antioxidant release profiles were thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the addition amounts obviously influenced the physical properties of LDPE films as well as migration profiles of the antioxidant. As compared to pure LDPE, tensile strength of LDPE films loaded with 4% (w/w) of the assembly decreased by ∼20% on machine direction. As to release profiles of the antioxidant, LDPE films loaded with 0.2% of the assembly showed the fastest release rate, and the highest amount of the assembly gave rise to the longest release period, which was ∼23% longer than that of 0.2% additives. These results may offer theoretical instructions for further industrial applications of LDPE antioxidant active films loaded with α‐tocopherol/MCM‐41 assembly. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1710–1716, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers