bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influência de Delsarte no jogo dos atores de cinema nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Damour Christophe
Published: June 2019

Ao contrário do que diz o senso comum, a obra de François Delsarte sobre o jogo do ator nada tem a ver com uma codificação arbitrária e convencional ligando emoções a gestos e movimentos específicos. Antecipando o método de Stanislavski, Delsarte buscava em realidade encontrar a verdade do gestual, opondo-se ferrenhamente ao convencionalismo e a imitação na atuação, sendo assim um precursor do naturalismo no teatro. Este artigo traça uma trajetória da divulgação das ideias de Delsarte nos Estados Unidos, na tentativa de entender como sua obra chegou a ser tão mal compreendida a ponto de tornar-se sinônima justamente daquilo que ela combatia. Seguindo a pista da recepção de Delsarte na dança (arte na qual seu método é muito respeitado), por outro lado, chega-se a uma noção da sua enorme influência subterrânea no jogo de atores em Hollywood.
Production of laccases, cellulases and xylanases of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in liquid-state fermentation
Authors: Hernández-Domínguez Edna María , Sánchez Carmen , Díaz-Godínez Gerardo
Published: June 2019

In this study, activities of laccases, xylanases and cellulases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid-state fermentation were evaluated. Three fermentations were done by triplicate where the carbon source was changed, one was made with glucose, in another was used carboxymethylcellulose and xylan and in the third the three carbon sources were added, in all cases, copper was added as inducer of laccases. The kinetic parameters of growth of the fungus were obtained. It was observed that this fungus produced the three
enzymes evaluated; laccases showed the highest values (34,240 U/L) in the culture medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Cellulases showed their highest activity in the culture medium with xylan and carboxymethylcellulose (12,858 U/L) and xylanases in medium with glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan (27,153 U/L). Up to 4 isoform of laccases, 2 of xylanase and 2 of cellulases were observed by zymography.
LA SILVICULTURA COMO PRIMERA OPERACIÓN DE TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Authors: Vignote Peña Santiago , Martínez-Rojas Isaac , Villasante Plagaro Antonio
Published: June 2019

La silvicultura ofrece muchas posibilidades para adecuar la calidad de la madera a sus aplicaciones, no tanto por la factibilidad de mejorar sus propiedades físicas o mecánicas, que también es posible, aunque en pequeña medida, sino por reducir sus anomalías y alteraciones, y en caso de que el uso lo requiera, aumentarlas o fomentarlas. En el presente ensayo técnico se proponen los distintos factores y propiedades que, usualmente, intervienen en la definición de la calidad de la madera, y se analiza la influencia que tiene la silvicultura en cada unos de esos elementos. Entre las operaciones silvícolas, el manejo del turno constituye una de las opciones más viables para mejorar la calidad de la madera, ya que aumenta el rendimiento de su transformación; reduce el porcentaje de madera juvenil, el de nudos, médula, las tensiones de crecimiento e incrementa la relación duramen albura. Todas estas características inciden en su calidad para la mayoría de sus usos; tan sólo el aumento del riesgo de acebolladuras y de rajaduras radiales de médula, en algunas especies puede hacer que la madera se deteriore. También se analizan los efectos de la densidad, a través del espaciamiento de la plantación y los aclareos y claras, la fertilización y las medidas sanitarias.
Factores influyentes en la implementación de un plan lector en el nivel medio mayor de un jardí­n infantil de la comuna de Lampa, ví­a transferencia de fondos JUNJI
Authors: Bernal Puebla Ailyn , Cifuentes Inzunza Andrea , Montt Soto Andrea , Quezada Guevara Elizabeth
Published: June 2019

El presente artí­culo describe la experiencia obtenida en un jardí­n infantil de Chile sobre los factores que influyen en la implementación de un plan lector, y cómo estos inciden, positiva o negativamente, en el proceso de ejecución para el desarrollo de las habilidades de comprensión lectora de niños y niñas. Se empleó metodologí­a cualitativa, llevándose a cabo entrevistas y registros de observación. Los resultados permitieron observar, primeramente, que existe un desconocimiento por parte del equipo educativo del nivel respecto de la polí­tica o programa que sustenta el plan lector; además, se detectaron diversas visiones y realidades en las prácticas de los actores que participan en la institución educativa.
New Concept of Animal Underpass - Green Bridge
Authors: Karas Slawomir Wojciech
Published: June 2019

In Poland, the ecological corridor map overlaps with forests, as well as with the road network. The police have recorded near a 100% increase in animal mortality over the last decade. In most cases, bridges automatically serve as passages for animals, even if they have not been considered and designed for such a role. The following facts are importand: silence is positive for animals, natural guides are better then fences and walls, gentle lighting moderates car lights at night. Therefore, the semi-transparent canopy-type noise screens should be used, as well as olfactory tracks. The solution proposed here is beneficial for both the environment and road users. For the proper functioning of the bridge, it is crucial to take into consideration that animals are more efficiently guided by their smell than by channelling fences. However, the commonly used fences would also be provided. Olfactory traces can come in two kinds: animal faecal matter and mating scents.  In a natural habitat, decreasing the immediate proximity between animals and humans should also be considered. A multi-criteria analysis was conducted to prove benefits both in terms of bridge maintenance effort and the impact on the environment. The criteria were selected on the basis of expert opinions.
Soils of Alpine, Subalpine Meadows and Meadow Steppes of Azerbaijan and the Peculiarities of Their Assimilation Potential in Relation to Organic Pollutants
Authors: Nadjafova Samira Imamyar , Keyseruxskaya F. Sh.
Published: June 2019

Azerbaijan is a country with a huge range of different soil types, which is due to its geographical location. The country is located in two climatic thermal zones, subboreal and subtropical, characterized by a peculiar hydrothermal regime, diverse vegetation and soil fauna. For proper zoning of the soil cover of bioclimatic landscape zones and the development of effective organization of management systems, assessment of assimilation potential is of great importance, i.e. self-cleaning potential. The purpose of our research was to assess the actual assimilation capacity and self-cleaning ability of alpine and subalpine meadow soils and meadow steppes in case of their contamination with organic pollutants based on a comprehensive system analysis of biogenic and abiogenic factors. The collected material was comprehensively analyzed from the standpoint of the biogenicity and self-purification capacity of soils of various bioclimatic landscape zones from the standpoint of the danger of soil contamination with organic matter, based on the natural features of the soil and biogenic and abiogenic factors, and appropriately grouped according to the landscape feature. The analysis of the obtained data allows us to position the soils of the Alpine and subalpine meadows and meadow steppes on the growth of the assimilation potential in relation to organic pollutants in the following sequence:Mountain-meadow chernozem-like> Mountain-forest meadow> Mountain-meadow steppe> Mountain-meadow sod
Missing Information in the Fictional Worlds of Benito Pérez Galdós
A Modern and Vital Experiment
Authors: Siviero Donatella
Published: June 2019

This paper will examine the use of missing information in some novels by Benito Pérez Galdós: the trilogy El doctor Centeno, Tormento, La de Bringas. Galdós’ plots are built on allusions and withheld information, and revealed by different narrative voices; they require an active participation on the part of the reader, who must put together different blocks of information as though they were tesseras in a mosaic. This missing information leads to subjective textual lacunas, that is, they are deliberately interlocutory and relational, in order to lead the reader to a continual collaboration and to make him/her create logical connections between the text’s different perspectives. The use of this reticence strategy creates an almost metafictional relationship between Galdós’ works and the reader, a bond that is surprisingly modern with respect to the latter’s horizons of expectation.
«No sin ser deformada puede la realidad exhibir sus enigmas»: Poetics and Writing in the Lyrical Work of J.M. Caballero Bonald
Authors: Flores Maria Josefa
Published: June 2019

Through the analysis of a few theoretical and literary texts by J.M. Caballero Bonald, this article highlights the centrality of artistic ‘deformation’ in the author’s poetical conception and, at the same time, his rejection of any kind of mimetic art. This ‘deformation’ – which, upon re-working reality, allows the artist to reveal reality’s hidden face – in Caballero Bonald’s view is the true purpose of literature. Closely linked to it are painting (especially Picasso’s Cubism), the surrealist imagination and baroque aesthetics, all fundamental to his literary opus, which is analysed in this essay without losing sight of concepts such as Labyrinth, Otherness, and Hermeticism, also of great importance in casting light upon Caballero Bonald’s works.
The “Hispanic American Things”. Italo Calvino as an Editorial Reader of Latin American Writers
Authors: Carini Sara
Published: June 2019

This article deals with Italo Calvino’s work as reader Latin American writers for Einaudi during the 1970s. Through specific case studies of editorial mediation taken from Einaudi’s archive we will outline the principles used by Calvino to assure publication edition of Latin American works. That will help us to include Calvino’s activity into the field of Latin American literature reception and editorial mediation studies in Italy during the second half of the 20th century.
Horacio Luis González. La Argentina manuscrita. La cautiva en la conciencia nacional Cautivas, malones e intelectuales
Authors: Regazzoni Susanna
Published: June 2019

Reseña de González, Horacio Luis (2018). La Argentina manuscrita. La cautiva en la conciencia nacional Cautivas, malones e intelectuales. Buenos Aires: Colihue, pp. 256.
MANAJEMEN PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN : MANIFESTASI DAN IMPLEMENTASI
Authors: AKILAH FAHMIAH
Published: June 2019

Planning is the main thing in human resource management activities. Without outlining, their functions are not able adequately fulfilled. Therefore, it plays an essential role because preparation is the process of determining the direction and purpose of activity to be performed. Rational resource devising in the field of education needs to be involved in examining the needs of workers who will occupy the position of human resources required by educational institutions. The demand for human resources in the future can be planned as immeasurable as possible to obtain quality human resources asexpected.
URGENSI LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR YANG KONDUSIF DALAM MENDORONG SISWA BELAJAR AKTIF
Authors: ARIANTI ARIANTI
Published: June 2019

This journal discusses the urgency of a conducive learning environment in encouraging students to learn actively. A conducive school learning environment is closely related to the quality of student learning. It is realized that a conducive class can prevent students from boredom, boredom and psychological fatigue, while another conducive class conducts motivation and endurance in learning. In an active learning environment, students are not burdened individually in solving problems encountered in learning, but they can ask each other and discuss so that the burden of learning for them did not happen. With this active learning strategy is expected to grow and develop all the potential that they have so that in the end can optimize their learning results. Therefore, in the learning process of teachers play a role as mentors. Teachers should try to enliven and motivate students to create a conducive interaction process in the learning process in the classroom. In an active learning process it occurs a dialogue that interactions between students with students, students with teachers or students with other learning resources.
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: ABBAS ABBAS
Published: June 2019

Supervision is a professional supervision, because it is also more specific in addition to observing academic activities that are based on scientific ability, and the approach is no longer the usual management supervision, but more demanding democratic and humanistic professional abilities by education supervisions. Supervision carried out by supervisors using group techniques, namely through activities such as: orientation meetings, teacher meetings, group studies between teachers, discussions as an exchange of thoughts or opinions, workshops, sharing of experiences, panel discussions, seminars and symposiums. In addition to group supervision techniques used also use individual techniques. Individual supervision techniques used by supervisors in carrying out teaching supervision programs such as class visits, classroom observations, intervisitation, self-assessment, teaching demonstrations, and supervision bulletins. Based on the implementation of various academic supervision techniques, the teacher is expected to have competence so that the learning process is conducive.
PENGEMBANGAN SARANA KEGIATAN DAN SUMBER BELAJAR DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: NURHASANAH NURHASANAH
Published: June 2019

One of the mandates of the founders of the Indonesian nation as outlined in the 1945 constitution was to educate the life of the nation. One of the efforts taken to fulfill this very goal is through the world of education. Education is the main key to encourage the improvement of the quality of human resources so that they can compete with other nations. Through early childhood education institutions, the government and the community have taken a very big role in the development of education in Indonesia. Early childhood education institutions can easily emerge, grow, and develop, considering the formation process is quite easy. There are so many early childhood education institutions that have sprung up even like mushrooming, not only in big cities but in remote rural areas. Indeed, this has become a distinctive achievement for this nation, given that community participation is very high in playing a role in the world of education through the establishment of various early childhood education institutions. Apart from all these positive aspects, several problems emerged regarding these early childhood education institutions. The biggest problem is the management of facilities, this is due to the lack of knowledge of the managers of early childhood education institutions on the development and management of infrastructure and the use of learning resources.
UPAYA OPTIMALISASI MAHARAH KITABAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK PADA MATERI AL-JUMLAH
Authors: HASTANG HASTANG
Published: June 2019

This study aims to optimize the ability of students to write Arabic sentences (maharah kitabah) through project-based learning models in al-Jumlah material. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects of the study were students at the second semester of IAIN Bone, which were from class PBA1, PBA2, PBA3, PS6, PGMI4, and PGMI 5. Data was collected through tests, observations, and interviews with instrument performance, observation guidelines, and interview guidelines. The data collected from the results of this study will be analyzed using qualitative data analysis.The results of the study show: 1) The application of project-based learning models in al-quantity material is carried out in several stages, starting from determining the theme of writing, determining sources, collecting material (writing rules) and mufradat (vocabulary), compiling sentences and discussing them collaboratively with members team, up to presenting in front of other teams. 2) Students are generally able to make al-Jumlah based on the elements of the sentence that have been learned. For example, making al-Jumlah Ismiyah consisting of mubtada' and khabar, al-Jumlah  al-Fi'liyah consisting of fi'il, fa'il, and maf'ul by using sentences that are in accordance with the attached image and also able to write with the correct writing and harakat. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the project-based learning model can optimize the student achievement of high-level students in al-Jumlah material.
Anatomía comparada en cuatro helechos Cheilantoideos
Authors: Dematteis Bruno Bruno , Solís M. Stella , Yesilyurt Jovita C. , Meza Torres Esteban I.
Published: June 2019

Introducción y objetivos: Algunas especies de helechos cheilanthoideos son caracterizados por presentar adaptaciones a hábitats xéricos. Además, presentan la particularidad de enrollar sus láminas frente a condiciones de stress hídrico. Sin embargo, al retornar las condiciones ambientales óptimas las láminas se vuelven a expandir. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar información morfo-anatómica de las frondes y asociar estructuras anatómicas a estos movimientos foliares.M&M: Se estudiaron mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido la morfo-anatomía de las frondes de cuatro especies: Adiantopsis radiata, Cheilanthes glauca, Doryopteris concolor, y D. pentagona. Además, se analizó la densidad de los estomas y se calculó el índice estomático.Resultados: Se observó mesófilo homogéneo en A. radiata y D. pentagona. Cheilanthes glauca y Doryopteris concolor presentaron mesófilo heterogéneo dorsiventral. Todas las especies mostraron hojas hipoestómaticas y estomas de tipo anomocítico. El índice estomático osciló entre 9,1% (A. radiata) y 14,1% (D. concolor) y el rango de densidad de los estomas fue de 39,7 (D. pentagona) y 57,8 (D. concolor).Conclusiones: El mesófilo observado en A. radiata y D. pentagona refleja la especialización para habitar ambientes mesófilos. El mesófilo heterogéneo dorsiventral de Doryopteris concolor podría ser una ventaja para su hábito epifítico facultativo. Cheilanthes glauca tiene características xeromorfas y mesomorfas, probablemente como resultado de la disponibilidad de agua en el ambiente durante las diferentes estaciones. Se propone como hipótesis que el engrosamiento de las paredes anticlinales de las células epidérmicas podría estar involucrados en los movimientos de las láminas.
Los microsatélites revelan una alta diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones nativas de Geoffroea decorticans en el desierto de Atacama chileno
Authors: Contreras Roberto , Porcile Vincenzo , Aguayo Fernanda
Published: June 2019

Introducción y objetivos: Las condiciones extremas en el Desierto de Atacama de Chile son un obstáculo importante para la supervivencia de cualquier organismo. A pesar de esto, varias poblaciones de leguminosas de Geoffroea decorticans han prosperado en este entorno hostil y severo durante siglos. Aquí, tratamos de determinar la variabilidad genética en poblaciones de G. decorticans, dada su amplia distribución a través del Desierto de Atacama, el desierto más seco y antiguo de la Tierra. Los objetivos específicos del presente estudio fueron determinar el nivel de diversidad genética y evaluar la estructura genética en ocho poblaciones de G. decorticans del Desierto de Atacama chileno.M&M: Ochenta y cuatro individuos G. decorticans fueron seleccionados para muestreo en ocho localidades en el norte de Chile. Se utilizaron cinco microsatélites para analizar la diversidad genética, la diferenciación entre poblaciones, la estructura de la población y el flujo de genes.Resultados: La mayoría de las poblaciones analizadas del Desierto de Atacama mostraron una alta diversidad genética, con la excepción de PACH. Las poblaciones de G. decorticans (chañar) también mostraron una alta diferenciación genética y un flujo genético moderado dado por la barrera natural impuesta por el Desierto de Atacama. Las ocho poblaciones de chañar estudiadas se separaron en grupos de las regiones norte y sur.
Los procesos de secularización y expulsión de los jesuitas de Sinaloa y Sonora, 1722-1769
Authors: López Castillo Gilberto
Published: June 2019

El tema de la expulsión es un clásico que en el caso de Sinaloa y Sonora ha sido abordado en distintas épocas, enriqueciendo cada autor el panorama general. Sin embargo, en su mayoría se puntualiza en la expulsión como la difícil situación que tuvieron que enfrentar los miembros de la orden, así como en la crueldad e injusticia de su captura y traslado. Nuestra propuesta nos lleva a observar el proceso en el tiempo largo y a valorar la situación compleja que enfrentaba la Compañía de Jesús en el noroeste novohispano en donde el punto de vista crítico sobre su desempeño aparece claramente expresado al iniciar el siglo XVIII. El estudio de la expulsión en el marco de un proceso más amplio como es el de las diversas propuestas secularizadoras de los primeros dos tercios del siglo XVIII, así como la publicación de nuevas fuentes jesuíticas, de la administración civil y la Iglesia secular nos llevan a poner nuevamente el tema a discusión y permiten ofrecer un punto de vista complementario a un tema que suele centrarse en los hechos de 1767.
La ciudad de Corrientes vista por el jesuita expulso P. Francisco Valdés
Authors: Page Carlos A.
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo es parte de un proyecto sobre el estudio crítico de una serie de relaciones encargadas por el jesuita navarro Pedro Antonio de Calatayud (1689-1773). Desde su exilio en Bolonia, intentó escribir una historia de la provincia jesuítica del Paraguay, para lo cual requirió de la ayuda de los expulsos de aquella región radicados en Faenza. Colaboraron más de una docena de jesuitas con trabajos de alta calidad que quedaron inéditos, pues no tenían como fin ser publicados. Éste del P. Valdés, sobre la ciudad de Corrientes, es uno de ellos. En tanto que la obra del P. Calatayud quedó inconclusa e inédita, junto a estos textos que se encuentran en un mismo legajo en el Archivo de Loyola en Aspeitia.
María de la Soledad Justo, Ignacio Zubizarreta (Comp.) (2017) “Antología de la antigua Compañía de Jesús. Carisma, instituciones y reducciones en Paraguay, siglo XVI-XVIII. Santa Rosa. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de la Pampa, 268 pp., ISBN 978-95
Authors: Soria Emmanuel
Published: June 2019

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Silicon Wafer Functionalization with a Luminescent Tb(III) Coordination Complex
Authors: Bahuleyan Bijal K. , Toussaint Kathleen , Rinnert Hervé , Vallon Raphaël
Published: June 2019

A new luminescent Tb-DOTAGA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric-4,7,10- triacetic acid) complex (TbL) was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a silicon wafer. The grafting process was monitored by means of IR and XPS spectroscopies and the optical properties of the functionalized silicon wafer (TbL@Si) were investigated by fluorescence experiments. A homemade setup was then implemented in order to follow TbL@Si optical properties in the presence of gaseous nitric oxide (NO). The prima facie results indicated that in the presence of NO, the wafer fluorescence was partially quenched. This quenching was reversible as soon as NO was pumped outside the fluorescence cell, which could be interesting for the further development of lanthanide labelled silicon wafers as gas phase sensors.
HUKUM INDONESIA TAJAM KEPADA RAKYAT KECIL DALAM KONTEKS ORDO RATIONIS (TATANAN AKAL BUDI)
Authors: lestari Indri
Published: June 2019

Negara Indonesia sebagai negara hukum. Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, memiliki karakteristik mandiri yang berarti kemandirian. Kosep yang dianut dinegara Indonesia disesuaikan dengan kondisi yang berdasarkan pada PancasilaNegara demokrasi adalah negara yang menganut bentuk atau mekanisme pemerintahan dengan mewujudkan kedaulatan rakyat atas negara untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut. Demokrasi bukanlah hanya sebatas hal sipil dan politik rakyat, namun dalam perkembangannya demokrasi juga terkait erat dengan sejauh mana terjaminnya hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial budaya dari rakyat. Hukum adalah perintah dari penguasa negara. Hakikat hukum sendiri, menurut Austin, terletak pada unsur “perintah” itu. Hukum dipandang sebagai suatu sistem yang tetap, logis dan tertutup. Ordo rtionis: artinya tata/ keteraturan; rationis artinya akal budi. Artinya hukum tidak boleh sekedar dilihat sebagai aturan yang diberlakukan oleh penguasa. Kareana katerpautan antara kebenaran akal budi, hukum itu menyatu dengan moralitas
Pengembangan manajemen mutu terpadu (total quality manajement), di sekolah
Authors: Andora Dona , Rusdinal  , Afriansyah Hade
Published: June 2019

The quality of educationis basically very important for developedbecause if it is not developed thenquality itself will not experienceincreases because the computer candevelop according to the development ofthe age so that the quality of educationis increasingly improved from year toyear.
Artikel Manajemen Mutu Terpadu
Authors: Syaputri Nur Afni , Rusdinal  , Afriansyah Hade
Published: June 2019

The aim of quality management is to ensure that all parts of the organization work together to improve the processes, products, services and corporate culture to achieve long-term success that comes from customer satisfaction. This article was prepared by the author using the system referring to the literature review. The implementation of integrated quality management in education goes through several processes from the preparation, planning, and implementation of the quality of educational services that are expected by education customers. Meeting the expectations of customer education is a quality management paradigm that must be fulfilled, so that those who drop out of school and unemployment can be minimized in the world of our education.
Pelaksanaan Permasalahan Serta Solusi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam Sistem Pendidikan
Authors: Noverta Widiyati , Rusdinal  , Afriansyah Hade
Published: June 2019

In carrying out the education process, it will not be separated from the improvement in accordance with the problems faced each year or in accordance with the application of TQM in school schools has the main goal of providing satisfaction to customers of internal and external education services with quality product results. Implementation of Total Quality Management in schools requires at least three stages of implementation, namely: preparation, planning, and implementation. Obstacles to the implementation of Total Quality Management in schools include the refusal to change, lack of commitment to quality, and lack of readiness, willingness and human competency. Alternative solutions need to be informed of the importance of change in achieving quality, maintaining and developing it, so that a shared commitment to quality grows.
MANAJEMEN MUTU TERPADU
Authors: Sarah Rivanur , Afriansyah Hade , Rusdinal
Published: June 2019

Total Quality Managemen (TQM) in Educational is an effort to improve the quality of education by making continuous and continuous improvements that are customer oriented by involving all members of the organization. In implementing of Total Quality Management (TQM) will face obstacles, because TQM is something new in education. But these obstacles can be overcome by a high commitment attitude that must be shared by all members of the organization. These commitments are long-term
Selling it First, Stealing it Later: The Trouble with Trademarks in Corporate Transactions in Bankruptcy
Authors: Nguyen Xuan-Thao
Published: June 2019

44 Gonzaga Law Review 1 (2008-2009)
The Psychophysiology of Political Ideology: Replications, Reanalysis and Recommendations
Authors: Osmundsen Mathias , Hendry David , Laustsen Lasse , Smith Kevin , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: June 2019

This article presents a large-scale, empirical evaluation of the psychophysiological correlates of political ideology and, in particular, the claim that conservatives react with higher levels of electrodermal activity to threatening stimuli than liberals. We (1) conduct two large replications of this claim, using locally representative samples of Danes and Americans; (2) re-analyze all published studies and evaluate their reliability and validity; and (3) test several features to enhance the validity of psychophysiological measures and offer a number of recommendations. Overall, we find little empirical support for the claim. This is caused by significant reliability and validity problems related to measuring threat-sensitivity using electrodermal activity. When assessed reliably, electrodermal activity in the replications and published studies captures individual differences in the physiological changes associated with attention shifts, which are unrelated to ideology. In contrast to psychophysiological reactions, self-reported emotional reactions to threatening stimuli are reliably associated with ideology.
Heritability Coverage of Standard Biometric Models under various Phenotypic Architectures
Authors: Maraun Michael , Heene Moritz , Sckopke Philipp
Published: June 2019

The behavioural scientist who requires an estimate of narrow heritability, h^2, will conduct a twin study, and input the resulting estimated covariance matrices into a particular mode of estimation, the latter derived under supposition of the standard biometric model (SBM). It is known that the standard biometric model can be expected to misrepresent the phenotypic (genetic) architecture of human traits. The impact of this misrepresentation on the accuracy of h^2 estimation is unknown. We aimed to shed some light on this general issue, by undertaking three simulation studies. In each, we investigated the parameter recovery performance of five modes- Falconer's coefficient and the SEM models, ACDE, ADE, ACE, and AE- when they encountered a constructed, non-SBM, architecture, under a particular informational input. In study 1, the architecture was single-locus with dominance effects and genetic-environment covariance, and the input was a set of population covariance matrices yielded under the four twin designs, monozygotic-reared together, monozygotic-reared apart, dizygotic-reared together, and dizygotic-reared apart; in study 2, the architecture was identical to that of study 1, but the informational input was monozygotic-reared together and dizygotic-reared together; and in study 3, the architecture was multi-locus with dominance effects, genetic-environment covariance, and epistatic interactions. The informational input was the same as in study 1. The results suggest that conclusions regarding the coverage of h^2 must be drawn conditional on a) the general class of generating architecture in play; b) specifics of the architecture’s parametric instantiations; c) the informational input into a mode of estimation; and d) the particular mode of estimation employed. The results showed that the more complicated the generating architecture, the poorer a mode’s h^2 recovery performance. Random forest analyses furthermore revealed that, depending on the genetic architecture, h^2, the dominance and locus additive parameter, and proportions of alleles were involved in complex interaction effects impacting on h2 parameter recovery performance of a mode of estimation.
The Real-Time REF Review: A Pilot Study to Examine the Feasibility of a Longitudinal Evaluation of Perceptions and Attitudes Towards REF 2021
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Wilsdon James , Chubb Jennifer , Haddock Geoff
Published: June 2019

The UK first introduced a national research assessment exercise in 1986, and methods of assessment continue to evolve. Following the 2016 Stern Review and further rounds of technical consultation, the UK higher education community is now preparing for the next Research Excellence Framework – REF 2021.Despite its importance in shaping UK research cultures, there is limited systematic and nuanced evidence about how academics across the sector view the REF, and which aspects are viewed favourably or unfavourably. The aims of this pilot study were twofold: first, it was designed to gather initial data to address this evidence gap; second, it was aimed at testing the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study into academic and managerial attitudes towards the REF. We argue that further research to better understand the effects of the REF on research cultures, institutions, and individuals should be part of the evidence used to inform the development of future iterations of the exerciseThe Real Time REF Review Pilot Study was developed and delivered by a research team from Cardiff University and the University of Sheffield, in collaboration with Research England.
A place-based approach to fear of crime: A systematic review of app-based and crowdsourced measures
Authors: Solymosi Reka , Buil-Gil David , vozmediano laura , guedes ines
Published: June 2019

Few researches have considered fear of crime as a context-specific experience. This paper promotes a place-based theoretical framework for studying crime perceptions through presenting app-based and crowdsourcing measures of perception of crime and place as a robust methodological framework. A systematic review of published studies that use crowdsourced or app-based measures to explore perceptions of crime was conducted. From the 27 studies that met our inclusion criteria, reported strengths and limitations were synthesized to determine key developments and common issues, illustrated with data from three app-based studies. We found consensus that app-based and crowdsourcing measures of fear of crime capture more precise spatial and temporal data alongside auxiliary information about the individual and the environment. Practical benefits, such as reduced cost of data collection and implementable outputs that are useful to practitioners were also highlighted. However, limitations around sampling biases, generalizability of findings, and the under-representation of certain areas persist.
Maxillofacial injuries managed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal: a 7 year retrospective study
Authors: K.C. Krishna , Shrestha Jayan Man
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Of all the facial injuries, maxillofacial region is one most frequently involved. The maxillofacial region is most prone to trauma owing to its prominent position in the skull which gets involved easily in case of trauma. Facial injuries can have long term consequences in terms of esthetics and function. Few series have been studied in terms of incidence of facial trauma in Nepal.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all the patients admitted and treated at the surgery and dental department of the Tribhuvan University teaching hospital with the diagnosis of facial injuries over the period of 8 years (2008 to 2016). The characteristics of these injuries were analyzed. The causes of injury were classified as follows: traffic accidents, assaults, animal attacks, falls, sports and related to the disaster. Anatomically, fractures of the mandible were classified into following regions: symphysis, parasymphysis, canine, body, angle, condyle and fractures more than one site (multiple sites). Midface fractures were classified according to the Le fort classification into Le fort I, Le Fort II, Le fort III and ZMC.

Results: A total of 133 patients with facial fractures were treated between 2008 and 2016 which were retrospectively analyzed. The male: female ratio was 2:1 and the largest subgroup of patients were between 16 and 30 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents (62.4%) involving motorcycles or automobiles. Other common causes included, in descending order, falls (5.2%), animal attacks (5.2%) assaults (3.7%) and sports. Isolated mandibular fractures were most common (50.4%), followed by isolated Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures (18.8%). The percentage of fractures involving Le fort I was 8.3%, and that of isolated alveolar fractures was 9%.

Conclusion: RTAs remains the main cause for maxillofacial injuries where males were predominately affected, condition of the roads, traffic regulations and adverse weathers all contribute to the TRAs in developing countries like Nepal.
Value of ultrasound in evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy: correlation with FNAC / histopathology
Authors: Jaiswal Pooja , Sharma Prakash
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The role of high-resolution ultrasound in evaluation of cervical lymph nodes is well established. The aim of this study was to determine its accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy. The objectives were to study various sonographic features applicable in routine clinical practice to identify and differentiate various types of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Methods: The study was done at the Pathology and Radiology department of Manipal teaching hospital (MTH) from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015. Seventy cervical nodes in 70 patients (17-reactive, 23-tuberculous, 9-lymphoma and 21-metastatic) were evaluated by high resolution ultrasound (7.5- 10MHz). Shape (S:L ratio), (maximal short to maximal long axis ratio diameter) nodal margins, hilar echogenicity, vascular pattern, distribution, size, echogenicity, calcification, posterior enhancement, eccentric cortical hypertrophy, matting and soft tissue edema were assessed. Confirmed diagnosis was either made by USG guided FNAC on the largest node or by open biopsy. The first four parameters had the most significant differences between benign and malignant lymph nodes and were evaluated to calculate the accuracy of ultrasound in their differentiation. Individual groups were compared and optimal sonographic features in differential diagnosis were determined.

Results: The common useful sonographic features to identify different types of cervical lymph nodes were S:L ratio, nodal margins, hilar echogenicity, vascular pattern, matting, soft tissue edema, echogeneity, intranodal necrosis, displaced hilar vascularity, eccentric cortical hypertrophy and posterior enhancement. Vascularity was the most accurate parameter (86%) when used in isolation and when combined parameters were used ultrasound had accuracy of 97% in diagnosing benign or malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.

Conclusion: This study showed that high resolution ultrasound has a high degree of accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy and assists in differentiating various causes of lymphadenopathy.
Preoperative serum albumin level as a predictor of perioperative outcome in patient undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Bhandari Tika Ram , Shahi Sudha , Bhandari Ramesh Singh , Lakhey Paleswan Joshi
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Hypoalbuminemia, as a marker of malnutrition and disease, is associated with higher risk of poor postoperative outcomes. However, no study has been reported from our country until now. Our aim was to identify the relationship between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and the development of complications after major gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods: A prospective study of 106 patients who underwent major elective gastrointestinal surgery between July 2012 to June 2013 in Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal were considered for the study. Serum albumin was determined preoperatively in all patients. Hypoalbuminemia was deﬁned as albumin less than 35 mg/dl. Thirty-day postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results: The patients were 70 males (66 %) and 36 females (34%) with a mean age of 50 years (23-81). Thirty-six patients (34%) had hypoalbuminemia. Overall complication rate was 32%. Hypoalbuminemic patients had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications (26.4 and 5.6%; P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, age (>50 year), BMI (<18 kg/m2), duration of surgery (>3 hours) and hypoalbuminemia (<35 mg/dl) were the significant risk factors for postoperative complications (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia is an independent predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients with elective major gastrointestinal surgery. Identification and optimization of nutritional status prior to surgery may improve surgical outcomes.
Enhancing a Sustainable Culture of Scientific Research, Writing and Publication in Nepal
Authors: Shah Jay N
Published: June 2019

No Abstract available.
Increasing frequency of iatrogenic fistula- a new challenge
Authors: Tasnim Nasira , Bangash Kauser , Amin Oreekha , Batool Afshan , Javed Nosheela
Published: June 2019

Aims:  To determine the frequency of iatrogenic urogenital fistula in patients admitted for the repair of fistula in MCH, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad.
Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted at MCH PIMS, Islamabad. It comprised data related to patients having undergone urogenital fistula repair. Statistical analysis of the record was done using SPSS 21 software.
Results:  Total 98 patients were analyzed. Themean age of patients was 31.6. Out of these, 67.3% of fistulas were attributed to iatrogenic causes while 32.7% were due to obstructed labour. The iatrogenic fistula included post instrumental delivery (5.1%), caesarian section (8.2%), caesarean hysterectomy (17.3%), hysterectomy (36.7%). The fistula caused by obstructed labour included post caesarian section (23.5%) and post normal delivery (9.2%).
Conclusions: Our study data showed rising trend of iatrogenic fistula as compared to obstructed labour. This emphasizes the need of optimization of the surgical approach training along with improved obstetric skills, especially in the periphery.
Keywords: iatrogenic fistula, obstetric skills, delivery
Success of Local Fistula Mentorship; Review of Routine Repairs At Referral Hospital in Uganda
Authors: Namala Angela
Published: June 2019

Aims: To assess surgical capacity building training during fistula camps using FIGO competency manualand skills tracker.
Methods: Between January 2016 to September 2018, six fistula camps were conducted in which the trainee worked with three expert surgeons. The trainee observed, assisted and operated fistula cases with supervision and mentorship from the FIGO accredited expert surgeons. The trainee competence was progressively monitored.  Continuous mentorship and coaching was done over two years and the trainee was encouraged to do routine repairs after their skill level improved from standard to advanced level. The routine fistula repairs were done using FIGO competency manual and skills tracker by the trainee.
Results: During the period, 632 patients sought care for treatment of fistula, 31% (199) were diagnosed with fistula, 92 %( 183) treated, 23%(34) through routine while 77 % (149) through camps.Out of the routine repairs, 74% (25) were simple fistulae and 26% (9) were complex 97%. Of the routine repair (33 cases) were continent at discharge with a negative dye test, while 3 %(1) had a failed repair.
Conclusion: The local onsite fistula-training program is a cheaper yet successful way of capacity building for surgeons as individuals and for institutions for routine fistula repairs.
Genital fistula: Successes, challenges and way forward in a facility specialization in fistula management in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Nrionmoy , Biswas Animesh
Published: June 2019

Aims: To explore the success, challenges and way forward on genital fistula in Bangladesh.
Methods: From the October 2017 to September 2018; total numbers of 125 genital fistula cases were identified through a community network system in Cox’s Bazar. Out of them, 101 cases come to hospital for the repair. For each of the patients, details case history was documented, clinical management reports also captured using structured forms. The study performed descriptive analysis using the case history and clinical management data.
Results: Out of 101 cases admitted, 95% of cases were of obstetric, 3% iatrogenic, 1% traumatic and remaining 1% was congenital. Mean age was 31 (18-73) years. Mean duration of disease was 6 (0.1-53) Years. Most of them had urinary incontinence (86.1 %) and 11.9% had faecal incontinence where 2% had both. VVF was performed in most of the cases (78%), another 22% was RVF. Only of them 9.9% had complications, remaining discharged without any complications.  Mean duration of hospital stay was 17 (4-29) days. Success rate was 86.1% and in 13.9 % of cases next surgery was advised.  For all patients psychiatry counseling was given before and after surgery. However, the hospital doesn’t provide other rehabilitation or reintegration support, therefore, there was challenge to mainstream the women in the society or secure their social positions.
Conclusions: Community surveillance followed by timely referral can improve obstetric fistula burden in Bangladesh. However, as clinical management, its equally important to restore the women’s dignity in the society with rehabilitation and reintegration. Challenges is still persisting in functional of the system and effective collaboration between the different ministry of the government of resolve the condition.
Plastic Surgery Techniques for the Improvement of Outcomes of Complex Obstetric Fistula Repairs
Authors: Pope Rachel , Stokes Mary , Chalamanda Chisomo , Wilkinson Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

Background: As part of a larger study on the outcomes of obstetric fistula surgery, a review on patient outcomes when using gracilis muscle and/or Singapore flaps was conducted.
Methods: The database queried includes over 1700 patients. Fifty-five cases were identified having had either a gracilis muscle and or a Singapore flap as part of the repair.
Results: Twenty-one patients had a Singapore flap only. Median age was 26 years (19-55), four had one prior repair and two had two prior repair attempts. Nine cases were Goh type 3 and nine were Goh type 4 indicating urethral involvement. 71% (n=15) were >3 centimeters in diameter. Median estimated blood loss (ebl) was 200 ml and average OR time was 2.5 hours. Median catheter duration 17 days (13-25). 81% (n=17) were dye test negative, with an average pad weight of 19.2 grams. 19 patients had a gracilis muscle flap alone with median age of 43 (23-70). Four had one previous repair, one had four previous repairs. Nine were Goh type 3 and eight were Goh type 4. 70% (n=12) had a fistula >3 cm in diameter and 88% (n=15) had type iii considerations (previous repair attempt, circumferential, or severe scarring). Median ebl was 250 ml and average operative time was two hours and 30 minutes. Median catheter duration was 17 days (14-31). 82% (n=14) had negative dye tests, with average pad weight of 19 grams. 16 patients had both a Singapore and a gracilis. Median age was 31 (15-70), nine were Goh type 3, seven were Goh type 4. 87.5% (n=14) had a fistula that was more than 3 cm in diameter and 87.5% (n=14) were type iii. Median ebl was 300 ml (250-1000 ml), and average operative time was 3 hours and 45 minutes. 81% (n=13) had a negative dye test, with two patients going home positive and returning negative over the course of four months. Average pad weight was 18.9 grams.
Conclusion: For large fistulas with a significant amount of vaginal tissue loss, the Singapore flap is a potential option for improved outcomes. For recurrent cases and those with poor quality tissue, the gracilis muscle may lead to overall improved outcomes. Overall, these techniques are useful for complex obstetric fistula cases where outcomes are generally less favorable. Further prospective studies are needed.