bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping communities as complex adaptive systems: A study of the response to violence against women by communities in Samoa
Authors: Lowe Hattie , Apelu Louisa , Brown Laura , Tanielu Helen , Mannell Jenevieve
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the concept of communities as complex adaptive systems in the context of violence against women (VAW) prevention. Using thematic network analysis on data from 80 semi-structured interviews with community members in Samoa, we found that communities exhibit many properties of complex adaptive systems. Within nested systems, diverse and dynamic agents interact based on their knowledge and attitudes, which changes over time, leading to emergent and unpredictable outcomes. The functioning of communities and their response to VAW is a product of non-linear and emerging relationships and interactions between systems components at the community level. The approach we propose for conceptualising communities as complex adaptive systems provides a structured method for designing and evaluating community-based interventions that are grounded in the local context and existing resources. With in-depth knowledge of how a community works, interventions can be better equipped to address wicked problems such as VAW.
¿Where do migratory fish spawn in a neotropical Andean basin regulated by dams?
Authors: Rivera-Coley Kelly , Augusto Reynalte-Tataje David , Atencio-Garcia Víctor , Campo Omer , Jímenez-Segura Luz
Published: October 2023

Spawning sites play a key role in the reproduction of fish allowing populations to endure over time. The Nechí River is an important spawning area for potamodromous fish species where one of the threats is dam construction. In order to determine the importance of the Nechí River as a spawning site in the Magdalena River basin, sampling was conducted during the low-water-to-high-water season transition period between 2018 and 2019 at seven sampling sites. The average density of ichthyoplankton was 42.4 ind.10m-3 (SD = 7.1). Of the individuals in the post-larval stage, seven migratory species were identified, and two additional taxa were identified to genus; Prochilodus magdalenae, Megaleporinus muyscorum, and Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum presented the greatest density. At the temporal level, the greatest density of larvae of potamodromous species was observed in the first high-water season of 2019 with a total of 5.7 ind.10m-3(SD = 1.044), of which the most representative at the seasonal level were the Cauca River, Magdalena River, and Nechí River before it flows into the Cauca River. There were significant differences in the frequency of embryos and vitelline larvae of the potamodromous species in the interaction of the sampling sites and high-water seasons, as well as with the density of post-larvae. The average drift distance of the spawning areas is roughly 52.1 km. A positive association was found between the volume of turbined water and the presence of ichthyoplankton in the Porce River site, after discharge from the Porce III Hydroelectric Plant. The Nechí River is an important spawning site and there seems to be an association between the increase in ichthyoplankton densities and the distance to the dam (Porce III) as long as there are floodplains along the course of the river.
Classifying the non-metabolic demands of different physical activity types: The Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology
Authors: Roberts Christine , Phillips Louise , Cooper Clare , Gray Stuart , Soiza Roy , Allan Julia
Published: October 2023

Different physical activity types vary in metabolic demand (intensity), but also in non-metabolic physical demand (balance, co-ordination, speed and flexibility), cognitive demand (attention, memory and decision making), and social demand (social interaction). Activity types with different combinations of demands may have different effects on health outcomes but this cannot be formally tested until such demands can be reliably quantified. The present Delphi expert consensus study aimed to objectively quantify the cognitive, physical and social demands of different core physical activity types and use these scores to create a formal Physical Activity Demand (PAD) typology. International experts (n = 40; experts in cognitive science, psychology, sports science and physiology; 7 different nationalities; 18 male/22 female; M = 13.75 years of disciplinary experience) systematically rated the intrinsic cognitive, physical and social demands of 61 common activity types over 2-rounds of a modified Delphi (expert consensus) study. Consensus (>70% agreement) was reached after 2 rounds on the demands of 59/61 activity types. Cognitive, physical and social demand scores were combined to create an overall non-metabolic demand rating for each activity type, and two-step cluster-analysis was used to identify groups of activities with comparable demand profiles. Three distinct clusters of activities were identified representing activity types with low (n = 12 activities; e.g. domestic cleaning), moderate (n = 23 activities; e.g. tai-chi) and high (n = 24 activities; e.g. football) total non-metabolic demands. These activity types were then organised into a formal typology. This typology can now be used to test hypotheses about if and why physical activity types with different combinations of cognitive, physical and social demands affect health outcomes in different ways.
Neural network execution using nicked DNA and microfluidics
Authors: Solanki Arnav , Griffin Zak , Sutradhar Purab Ranjan , Pradhan Karisha , Merritt Caiden , Ganguly Amlan , Riedel Marc
Published: October 2023

DNA has been discussed as a potential medium for data storage. Potentially it could be denser, could consume less energy, and could be more durable than conventional storage media such as hard drives, solid-state storage, and optical media. However, performing computations on the data stored in DNA is a largely unexplored challenge. This paper proposes an integrated circuit (IC) based on microfluidics that can perform complex operations such as artificial neural network (ANN) computation on data stored in DNA. We envision such a system to be suitable for highly dense, throughput-demanding bio-compatible applications such as an intelligent Organ-on-Chip or other biomedical applications that may not be latency-critical. It computes entirely in the molecular domain without converting data to electrical form, making it a form of in-memory computing on DNA. The computation is achieved by topologically modifying DNA strands through the use of enzymes called nickases. A novel scheme is proposed for representing data stochastically through the concentration of the DNA molecules that are nicked at specific sites. The paper provides details of the biochemical design, as well as the design, layout, and operation of the microfluidics device. Benchmarks are reported on the performance of neural network computation.
Does the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affect risk attitudes?—Evidence from rural Thailand
Authors: Luo Hao , Reich Charlotte , Mußhoff Oliver
Published: October 2023

Empirical research provides evidence on changes in individuals’ risk attitudes after experiencing exogenous shocks. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had various adverse impacts on economies and households. This study utilizes the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying lockdown to explore its impact on risk attitudes in rural Thailand using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach. Overall, we do not find evidence on considerable changes in the willingness to take risks of rural household members after experiencing a lockdown during the pandemic. However, a significant heterogenous effect is found between individuals working inside and outside the agricultural sector. Individuals working outside the agricultural sector have a statistically significant reduction in their willingness to take risks after experiencing a lockdown. Our study provides additional empirical evidence to understand the impact of shocks on rural households’ risk attitudes. This sheds light on how policy designs can better help mitigate downward economic trends following exogenous shocks.
The associations of alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with bone mineral density and the mediation of serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A bidirectional and two-step Mendelian randomization
Authors: Huang Qinyao , Guo Jianglong , Zhao Hongjun , Zheng Yi , Zhang Yuying
Published: October 2023

Background

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis are common in chronic liver diseases. However, the causal effect of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on BMD remains uncertain.

Objectives

This study uses a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the genetically predicted effect of ALD and NAFLD on BMDs using summary data from publically available genome-wide association studies (GWASs).

Methods

The GWAS summary statistics of ALD (1416 cases and 213,592 controls) and NAFLD (894 cases and 217,898 controls) were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. BMDs of four sites (total body, n = 56,284; femoral neck, n = 32,735; lumbar spine, n = 28,498; forearm, n = 8143) were from the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis Consortium. Data for alcohol consumption (n = 112,117) and smoking (n = 33,299) and serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level (n = 417,580) were from UK-biobank. We first performed univariate MR analysis with the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis to investigate the genetically predicted effect of ALD or NAFLD on BMD. Then, multivariate MR and mediation analysis were performed to identify whether the effect was mediated by alcohol consumption, smoking, or serum 25-OHD level.

Results

The MR results suggested a robust genetically predicted effect of ALD on reduced BMD in the femoral neck (FN-BMD) (IVW beta = -0.0288; 95% CI: -0.0488, -0.00871; P = 0.00494) but not the other three sites. Serum 25-OHD level exhibited a significant mediating effect on the association between ALD and reduced FN-BMD albeit the proportion of mediation was mild (2.21%). No significant effects of NAFLD, alcohol consumption, or smoking on BMD in four sites, or reverse effect of BMD on ALD or NAFLD were detected.

Conclusion

Our findings confirm the genetically predicted effect of ALD on reduced FN-BMD, and highlight the importance of periodic BMD and serum 25-OHD monitoring and vitamin D supplementation as needed in patients with ALD. Future research is required to validate our results and investigate the probable underlying mechanisms.
Dynamic changes in the suitable areas for the pinewood nematode in the Sichuan–Chongqing Region of China
Authors: Li Hongqun , Peng Xiaolong , Jiang Peng , Xing Ligang , Sun Xieping
Published: October 2023

The pine wood nematode (PWN), one of the largest alien forestry pests in China, has caused numerous deaths of conifer forests in Europe and Asia, and is spreading to other suitable areas worldwide. Information on the spatial distribution of the PWN can provide important information for the management of this species. Here, the current and future geographical distributions of PWN were simulated in the Sichuan–Chongqing region of China in detail based on the MaxEnt model. The results indicated excellent prediction performance, with an area under curve score of more than 0.9. The key factors selected were the altitude, maximum temperature of the warmest month, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest quarter, and minimum temperature of the coldest month, with thresholds of < 400 m, > 37.5 °C, 1100–1250 mm, 460–530 mm and > 4.0 °C, respectively, indicating that the PWN can live in low-altitude, warm, and humid areas. The suitable region for the PWN is mainly concentrated in the metropolitan area, northeast of Chongqing, and the southeastern and eastern parts of Sichuan Province. Most importantly, in addition to their actual distribution area, the newly identified suitably distribution areas A, B, C, and D for the coming years and E, F, G, and H for the period–2041–2060 (2050s) should be strictly monitored for the presence of PWNs. Altogether, the suitable distribution ranges of the PWN in the Sichuan-Chongqing region show an increasing trend; therefore, owing to its inability to disperse by itself, human activities involving pine trees and vectors of the Japanese pine sawyer should be intensively controlled to prevent the PWN from spreading to these newly discovered suitable areas.
Study on the control effect of local basement replacement on the stability of dump
Authors: Wang Dong , Yin Li , Xing Xiaoyu
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on effectively controlling landslides at the boundary of a soft rock open-pit dump while ensuring safe increases in the dump’s capacity and optimal utilization of external dump sites. To achieve this, the adoption of a local filling method for the dump base is proposed. By leveraging the concepts of limit equilibrium theory and equivalent shear strength parameters, the mathematical expression of the slope stability coefficient in the Morgenstern-Price method is derived and improved. This improved method is then applied to a real engineering example to determine the optimal basement replacement rate required to maintain slope stability. The findings reveal that the local filling of the base is well-suited for slopes susceptible to potential landslides associated with cutting layers, bedding layers, and swelling. For practical ease, it is advisable to choose the lowest step in the dump’s slope for construction convenience. As the local replacement rate of the base increases, the slope’s stability coefficient gradually improves, with the K-Fs ratio showing a prominent role in this process. Additionally, numerical simulation methods are employed to elucidate the mechanism of the dump’s landslide following local basement replacement, thereby providing comprehensive evidence of the engineering applicability of this method. The research results demonstrate a promising practical application prospect for effectively controlling the stability of soft base dump slopes.
Healthy food and determinants of food choice on online food delivery applications
Authors: Osaili Tareq M. , Al-Nabulsi Anas A. , Taybeh Asma’ O. , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Saleh Sheima T.
Published: October 2023

Online food delivery applications (OFD apps) provide consumers with a wide range of options to choose from. The present study aimed to assess the usage of OFD apps and investigate the factors that affect food choices with a special emphasis on healthy food choices and hygiene. A cross-sectional study among food delivery application users in Jordan was conducted using an online questionnaire between March and May 2022. A total of 675 eligible subjects participated in the study. Consumers’ demographic characteristics, data on consumers’ use of OFD apps, consumers’ perceptions of healthy food availability in OFD apps, and consumers’ attitudes toward food safety and delivery hygiene were collected and analyzed. About 64% of the studied sample used OFD apps weekly. Fast food was the most popular option for ordering (87.1%) and lunchtime was the most preferred time to order food (67.3%) for most of the respondents. Respondents’ perceptions of a “healthy meal” was associated with the presence of a variety of vegetables in the meal. Food price, food appearance, time of delivery, macronutrient content information, the availability of healthy options, and considering vegetables as part of a healthy meal were determinants of consumer food choice (p<0.05). The findings suggest that the online food environment in Jordan was perceived to be unhealthy. Nevertheless, the convenient nature and the popularity of OFD apps hold great potential to promote healthy eating among consumers.
Virological non-suppression among adult males attending HIV care services in the fishing communities in Bulisa district, Uganda
Authors: Senteza Ignatius , Castelnuovo Barbara , Mukunya David , Makumbi Fredrick
Published: October 2023

Background

Virological non-suppression is a critical factor in driving HIV transmission rates, yet there is limited data available on the determinants of this phenomenon, particularly in fishing communities where the incidence of HIV is disproportionately high. We aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of virological non-suppression among adult males (≥15 years) attending HIV care services in the fishing communities of Bulisa district.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among all adult males (≥15 years) living with HIV who were resident within the fishing communities, and in care for atleast 6 months at the six health facilities offering HIV services in the fishing communities in Bulisa district. To obtain data on patient and health facility characteristics, we reviewed patients’ records and conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants. We conducted descriptive and regression analyses using modified Poisson regression, accounting for data correlation of observation at the facility level to obtain prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals in Stata version 14.0.

Results

413 participants were studied and 379 (91.8%) were interviewed. The participant’s average age (SD) was 40 (10.7) years and 70.5% (267/379) were engaged in the fishing business. The prevalence of virological non-suppression was 88/413–21.3% (95% CI: 18%-26%). Factors associated with higher odds of virological non-suppression included: Age 26–50 years (adj.PR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.11–2.08) and 15–25 years (adj.PR = 2.99, 95%CI: 1.27–7.05) compared to age above 50 years; unemployment (adj.PR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.10–1.49); hazardous use of alcohol (adj.PR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.10–1.62); non-mobility between fish landing sites (adj.PR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.003–1.87); distant HIV treatment services (adj.PR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.11–1.69) and TB diagnosis (adj.PR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.33–2.64).

Conclusion

Virological non-suppression among people living with HIV in fishing communities along the shores of Lake Albert is alarmingly high, exceeding the UNAIDS threshold of 10% by two-fold. Several key determinants were identified, including hazardous alcohol use, unemployment, and access barriers to HIV treatment services.
Differences in meningococcal disease incidence by health insurance type and among persons experiencing homelessness—United States, 2016–2019
Authors: Isenhour Cheryl J. , Crowe Samuel J. , McNamara Lucy A.
Published: October 2023

Meningococcal disease is a serious but rare disease in the United States. Prior publications suggest incidence differs among privately vs publicly-insured persons, and that incidence is higher among persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) than persons not known to be experiencing homelessness (non-PEH). Using insurance claims data for persons aged <1 to 64 years, we calculated meningococcal disease incidence among a population with employer-sponsored commercial insurance and persons enrolled in state Medicaid programs nationwide. We also examined meningococcal disease incidence by PEH status in Medicaid data. From 2016 through 2019, persons who met our study inclusion criteria contributed a total of 84,460,548 person-years (PYs) to our analysis of commercial insurance data and 253,496,622 PYs to our analysis of Medicaid data. Incidence was higher among persons enrolled in Medicaid (0.12 cases per 100,000 PYs) than persons with commercial insurance (0.06 cases per 100,000 PYs). Incidence was 3.17 cases per 100,000 PYs among PEH in Medicaid, 27 times higher than among non-PEH in Medicaid. Understanding the underlying drivers of the higher meningococcal disease incidence among PEH and persons enrolled in Medicaid may inform prevention strategies for populations experiencing a higher burden of disease.
Seasonal variation in the balance and strength of cooperative and competitive behavior in patches of blue mussels
Authors: Capelle Jacob J. , Hartog Eva , Wilkes Tony , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: October 2023

Aggregation into groups may affect performance of individuals through the balance and strength of facilitative versus competitive interactions. We studiedin situhow seasonal variation in abiotic environment affects this balance for blue mussels, a semi-sessile species. We hypothesize that seasonal variation in stresses and resources affects the strength of the interaction. We expected that, in benign conditions (here: high food availability, medium temperatures, low hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by growth and is better at low densities, while at adverse conditions (here: low food availability, low or high temperatures, high hydrodynamic stress), performance is dominated by survival and higher at high densities. Mussels were kept in shallow subtidal exclosures at 10 different densities for a one-month period. This exact procedure was repeated seven times at the same location within a one-year period. We measured development in mussel patch shape, performance, and environmental parameters. Environmental conditions for mussels were most benign in summer and most adverse in winter. Patches developed into less complex shapes at lower densities, but also after stronger hydrodynamic disturbances. Towards summer, mussels became more active, aggregation behavior increased, and interactions became more pronounced. Towards winter, mussels became less active: aggregation behavior and growth rates declined and at the lowest temperatures survival started to decrease with mussel density. Survival and growth (by proxy of mussel condition) were both density-dependent; however, contrary to our expectations we found positive interactions between density and survival at the most benign conditions in summer and negative interactions at the most adverse conditions in winter. In between the two seasons, the strength of the interactions increased towards summer and decreased towards winter following a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern might be explained by the environmental mediated aggregation behavior of the mussels. The obvious seasonal pattern in balance and strength of density-dependent interactions demonstrates that strength and direction of intra-specific interactions are both strongly affected by environmental context.
Tools and techniques to identify, study, and control Candida auris
Authors: Carty James , Chowdhary Anuradha , Bernstein Douglas , Thangamani Shankar
Published: October 2023

Candida auris, is an emerging fungal pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. Unlike many other Candida species that colonize the intestine, C. auris most efficiently colonizes the skin. Such colonization contaminates the patient’s environment and can result in rapid nosocomial transmission. In addition, this transmission can lead to outbreaks of systemic infections that have mortality rates between 40% and 60%. C. auris isolates resistant to all known classes of antifungals have been identified and as such, understanding the underlying biochemical mechanisms of how skin colonization initiates and progresses is critical to developing better therapeutic options. With this review, we briefly summarize what is known about horizontal transmission and current tools used to identify, understand, and control C. auris infections.
Ação empreendedora: Um estudo bibliométrico sobre a produção científica internacional
Authors: Ávila Milena Abreu , Andrade Daniela Meirelles , Silva Camila de Assis , Gonçalves Vinícius Batista
Published: October 2023

Objetivo do estudo: Analisar a produção científica internacional do campo da ação empreendedora. Metodologia/abordagem: Para investigar a temática da ação empreendedora foi utilizado o método bibliométrico. Na operacionalização da pesquisa foram incluídos os artigos disponíveis na base de dados da Web of Science e da Scopus. Para a seleção do banco de dados analisou-se os documentos por meio dos softwares: My EndNote Web, Microsoft Excel e VOSviewer. Principais resultados: Foi identificado a escassez de pesquisas compassivas à temática, constatou-se que pouco se sabe do percurso da emergência de uma ação empreendedora e como de fato este eixo de pesquisa pode contribuir com os estudos sobre o empreendedorismo. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Identificou-se que existem estudos promissores acerca da temática que possibilitaram o intercâmbio do conceito da ação empreendedora com as diversas áreas do conhecimento, o que possibilitou a construção de uma matriz-síntese. Relevância/originalidade: O campo da ação empreendedora ainda é incipiente e requer maiores esforços em direção a um desenvolvimento teórico e empírico, a fim de estabelecer e contribuir para a construção de uma estrutura conceitual bem limitada e definida acerca do fenômeno. Contribuições sociais para a gestão: Os estudos sobre a ação empreendedora estão diretamente relacionados a estudos de caso que relataram a emergência de ações empreendedoras em organizações, enfatizando a concentração de trabalhos nas áreas de gestão e negócios.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in High Throughput Diagnostics for Colorectal Cancer Current Updates
Authors: Tripathi Pankaj Kumar , Jain   Chakresh Kumar
Published: October 2023

The existence of cancer has been stated as a century’s oldest challenge for the entire human race around theglobe recording a large amount of mortality per year and as per the WHO data nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2021 worldwide besides others. Colorectal cancer is considered a major threat as this is cancer-related to the colon and rectum with an incidence of 41/1,00,000 recorded annually to overcome this challenge our medical system requires more advanced, accurate and efficient high throughput techniques for the prognosis and effective treatment of this disease. Artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare has been a matter of discussion among experts over the past few years, but more recently the spotlight has focused more specifically on the role that this technology can play in improving patient outcomes and improving the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment processes. Artificial intelligence refers to a broad category of technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing and deep learning. Exploration of Molecular pathways with characteristics that helps in subtyping of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) leading to specific treatment response or prognosis, for the effective treatment, classification and early detection done using Artificial Intelligence based technologies have shown promising results so far, that it may be utilized to create prediction models in the current environment to distinguish between polyps, metastases, or normal cells in addition to early detection and effective cancer therapy. Nowadays many scientists are putting effort into designing such fabricating models by combining natural language processes and deep learning that can differentiate between non-adenomatous and adenomatous polyps to identify hyper-mutated tumours, genetic mutations and molecular pathways known as IDaRS strategy or iterative draw-and-rank sampling. The review study primarily focuses on the significance of emerging AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of colorectal cancer in light of existing obstacles.
No net land take policy in practice: Applications and potentials of planning instruments in municipalities. Results of an online survey in North Rhine-Westphalia
Authors: Eichhorn Sebastian , Adam Brigitte , Schürholt Kerstin , Jansen Hendrik , Kötter Theo , Terfrüchte Thomas , Eichfuss Silas , Rohde Natascha , Wilberz Johannes , Stielike Jan Matthias
Published: October 2023

In line with the European Commission’s target, land take in Germany has to be reduced to net zero by 2050. This not only presupposes greater inner urban development and more efficient development outside existing settlements, but also puts a greater planning and political focus on renaturation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the implementation of no net land take policy using the example of the highly dense and urbanised federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Based on an online survey, the current and potential use of (planning) instruments to implement this policy in all 396 municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia was investigated. The findings suggest that the municipalities are not yet in a position to consistently implement no net land take. Particularly in the field of renaturation, this is often due to a lack of experience and uncertainties in the use of the existing (planning) instruments, but also to lacking awareness of the problem and a lack of political and social acceptance for higher housing densities. Since the necessary instruments are defined in current legislation and the concepts for implementation are generally known, it is important to support municipalities in using the available instruments and concepts even without direct pressure to act.
Financial Development, Financial Market, and Financial Institutional on International Trade in Developing Eight Countries
Authors: Abadiyah Fajriyatul , Endraswati Hikmah
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial development, financial market, and financial institutional on international trade in developing eight countries, with foreign exchange reserves, foreign direct investment, and real gross domestic product as control variables. This research includes descriptive quantitative research. The population used is eight developing countries. The data in this study is secondary data sourced from World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports observation period from 2011 to 2020. The research model uses the panel data regression analysis method (Ordinary Least Square) through the Eviews 10 program. The results show that financial development has a positive and significant effect on international trade in D-8 countries, while financial markets and financial institutional have a significant negative effect on international trade in D-8 countries.
Financial Deepening & Income Inequality: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Igamo Alghifari Mahdi , Gustriani Gustriani , Maryati Sri , Azwardi Azwardi , Sukanto Sukanto
Published: October 2023

Financial deepening is a term used to measure the quality of improvement in the provision of financial services. Financial deepening can be seen as one of the factors affecting income inequality. The focus of financial deepening in this research using a credit ratio is a ratio of total credit released by commercial banks in each province compared to the province’s GDP and the bank ratio is the ratio of the number of bank branches per million population of the province. The discussion of this research is limited to using country data from 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2005-2021. The results show that the various indicators that measure financial deepening have an impact on increasing inequality during the observation period. This condition shows that financial services, especially banking access through the ratio of the number of banks and also the development of the credit ratio, have not been able to reduce income inequality. The government needs to evaluate policies and improve the quality of sustainable financial services to achieve a more even distribution of income so that income inequality can be reduced.
Analisis Pengaruh Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Pengangguran, dan Inflasi Terhadap Kemiskinan
Authors: Ma'mun Muhammad Syukron , Fuadi Faiq
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of gross regional domestic product, human development index, unemployment, and inflation on poverty using panel data for 5 cities in the Ex-Residency of Pati during the 2010-2018 period. In 2018, the poverty rate in the ex-Residency of Pati reached 12% compared to other areas in Central Java. The type of data is secondary data obtained from Central Java Province Statistics Agency. Descriptive analysis and panel data regression analysis methods were used to answer research objectives. The results confirm that gross regional domestic product, human development index, and inflation have a negative effect on poverty. On the contrary, unemployment has a positive effect on poverty.
Accounting Research as Bayesian Inference to the Best Explanation
Authors: Kallapur Sanjay
Published: October 2023

The problems with p-values have been extensively discussed recently, but there is little work about the broader aspects of scientific inference of which p-values are but one part. This article explains how scientific inference can be characterized as Bayesian inference to the best explanation, which involves developing and assessing theories based on their fit with background facts and their ability to explain the observed data better than competing theories can. These factors translate into prior odds and Bayes factor respectively, which determine posterior odds under Bayesian inference. I provide examples from accounting research to illustrate how attention to these points makes for better research designs and stronger justification for inferences.
Development of audio-guided deep breathing and auditory Go/No-Go task on evaluating its impact on the wellness of young adults: a pilot study
Authors: Kwa Eng Keat , Cheong Soon Keng , Ong Lin Kooi , Lee Poh Foong
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Numerous studies indicate that deep breathing (DB) enhances wellbeing. Multiple deep breathing methods exist, but few employ audio to reach similar results. This study developed audio-guided DB and evaluated its immediate impacts on healthy population via self-created auditory Go/No-Go task, tidal volume changes, and psychological measures.

Methods

Audio-guided DB with natural sounds to guide the DB was developed. Meanwhile, audio-based Go/No-Go paradigm with Arduino was built to measure the attention level. Thirty-two healthy young adults (n=32) were recruited. Psychological questionnaires (Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)), objective measurements with tidal volume and attention level with auditory Go/No-Go task were conducted before and after 5 min of DB.

Results

Results showed a significant increment in tidal volume and task reaction time from baseline (p=0.003 and p=0.033, respectively). Significant correlations were acquired between (1) task accuracy with commission error (r=−0.905), (2) CAMS-R with task accuracy (r=−0.425), commission error (r=0.53), omission error (r=0.395) and PSS (r=−0.477), and (3) RSES with task reaction time (r=−0.47), task accuracy (r=−0.362), PSS (r=−0.552) and CAMS-R (r=0.591).

Conclusions

This pilot study suggests a link between it and young adults’ wellbeing and proposes auditory Go/No-Go task for assessing attention across various groups while maintaining physical and mental wellness.
On some pitfalls of the log-linear modeling framework for capture-recapture studies in disease surveillance
Authors: Zhang Yuzi , Ge Lin , Waller Lance A. , Lyles Robert H.
Published: October 2023

In epidemiological studies, the capture-recapture (CRC) method is a powerful tool that can be used to estimate the number of diseased cases or potentially disease prevalence based on data from overlapping surveillance systems. Estimators derived from log-linear models are widely applied by epidemiologists when analyzing CRC data. The popularity of the log-linear model framework is largely associated with its accessibility and the fact that interaction terms can allow for certain types of dependency among data streams. In this work, we shed new light on significant pitfalls associated with the log-linear model framework in the context of CRC using real data examples and simulation studies. First, we demonstrate that the log-linear model paradigm is highly exclusionary. That is, it can exclude, by design, many possible estimates that are potentially consistent with the observed data. Second, we clarify the ways in which regularly used model selection metrics (e.g., information criteria) are fundamentally deceiving in the effort to select a “best” model in this setting. By focusing attention on these important cautionary points and on the fundamental untestable dependency assumption made when fitting a log-linear model to CRC data, we hope to improve the quality of and transparency associated with subsequent surveillance-based CRC estimates of case counts.
The Scaling Strategies and the Scaling Performance of Chinese Social Enterprises: The Moderating Role of Organizational Resources
Authors: Yu Xiao-Min , Bi Xiang-Yang
Published: October 2023

It is a significant challenge for social enterprises (SEs) to scale up their social impact, especially for those in transforming societies such as China, where the ecosystem of SEs remains at a nascent stage of development. Although previous studies have devoted attention to scaling strategies and scaling performance, none of them has examined the relationship between scaling strategies and scaling performance through empirical quantitative analysis. To address this gap, this study utilizes a hypothesis-testing quantitative method, for the first time, to investigate the divergent impact of different scaling strategies on scaling performance and the moderating role of organizational resources. Our results demonstrate that three types of scaling strategies are positively associated with scaling performance, and the magnitude of the linkages descends from knowledge dissemination through organizational growth to contractual partnerships. Additionally, our results reveal that the adequacy of financial and human resources perform as positive moderators, significantly magnifying the contribution of the scaling strategy of organizational growth to scaling performance. The findings provide important implications for SE managers and practitioners, helping them make informed decisions regarding how to choose and implement suitable scaling strategies in Chinese or other similar contexts, while considering the SEs’ organizational resources.
Multimodal discourse analysis as a method for revealing narrative strategies in news videos
Authors: Bateman John A. , Tseng Chiao-I
Published: October 2023

News reporting has long been seen as involving a form of storytelling but techniques for revealing narrative constructions in audiovisual news remain limited. As the forms of expression mobilised for news become ever more diverse and multimodal, the challenges posed for analysis grow accordingly. The present paper asks to what extent we can pursue more differentiating accounts of the increasingly diverse audiovisual features employed in news video by employing recent advances in multimodal discourse analysis. Specifically, we explore how to recognise storytelling strategies deployed in audiovisual news reporting both more reliably and in ways that complement conventional journalistic labels, such as those discussed in research into news sensationalism. As an illustration, we offer a contrastive analysis of the specific reporting strategies of ‘individualisation’ employed in 166 news reports from two leading German news channels, Tagesschau and Bild TV, produced between 1 January 2022 and 15 March 2022. We show how we scale analysis methods to achieve greater coverage of data and discuss how this meets several recurring challenges for multimodal analysis more generally.
Two wavelength band emission WGM lasers via photo-isomerization
Authors: Ge Kun , Ruan Jun , Liang Ningning , Guo Dan , Cui Libin , Iqbal Naeem , Zhai Tianrui
Published: October 2023

Wavelength switchable microcavity is indispensable component for various integrated photonic devices. However, achieving two wavelength band emission of the whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser is challenging. Here, we propose a strategy to realize two wavelength band emission WGM lasers activated by photo-isomerization based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process in isolated/coupled polymer microfiber cavities. The WGM microcavity is built by highly polarized organic intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) dye molecules. The two cooperative gain states of ICT dye molecules can be controlled by optimizing energy levels. Thereby, the lasing wavelength can be reversibly switched under photo-isomerization activated in the ESIPT energy-level progress. The photonic bar code can be generated by following the strategy of proposed design. This work provides a promising route to achieve switchable WGM laser in on-chip photonic integration.
RED-S: A Review of the Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery
Authors: Matkin-Hussey Penelope A. , Baker Dane , Ogilvie Megan , Beable Sarah , Black Katherine E.
Published: October 2023

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a complex syndrome of endocrine, metabolic, and physiological maladaptation. Adverse effects on physiological and psychological health and the performance of the athlete may occur due to a prolonged exposure to low-energy availability (LEA). LEA occurs when there is an energy intake (EI) deficiency relative to exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and normal physiological functioning. Early detection of the state of LEA and RED-S is crucial to prevent long-term negative health consequences. Given that LEA is the underlying cause of RED-S, increasing the athlete's energy availability (EA) to an optimal level is the recommended treatment. This paper reviews the current evidence and recommendations for the screening and diagnostic tools of LEA and RED-S, the recommended treatment strategies including reducing EEE, increasing EI, carbohydrate availability, within-day EA, psychological support, and the multidisciplinary team's role, and finally, it reviews the literature on its recovery process. It aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the research to date, with practical recommendations for the identification, management, and treatment of RED-S.
A DITADURA MILITAR E A DIMINUIÇÃO DO TEMPO LIVRE NO BRASIL
Authors: Almeida Felipe Mateus de
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo trata da ditadura militar brasileira e a diminuição do tempo livre no Brasil. Em um primeiro momento, apresentamos brevemente as características, os projetos e as políticas que nortearam a ditadura militar brasileira. Em seguida, trazemos uma análise demonstrando como o discurso e a ideologia dominante naquela época – onde o trabalho era o único e melhor caminho para o progresso – em conjunto com as medidas de repressão, controle e vigilância da classe operária, foram responsáveis por um processo de diminuição do tempo livre dos brasileiros.
OS ARTISTAS DE RUA NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Martinez Renan Marcel Moreira
Published: October 2023

Os artistas de rua são figuras rotineiras nos pontos de grande fluxo da capital do estado de São Paulo, porém, pouco se sabe a respeito desses agentes dada a heterogeneidade de suas manifestações de arte dos sentimentos diversos dispensados a eles pela sociedade. O presente ensaio busca investigar o fenômeno dos artistas de rua na cidade de São Paulo a partir de um diálogo com expoentes de diferentes abordagens da teoria sociológica, principalmente Norbert Elias (1995, 2000), Richard Sennett (1999) e David Harvey (2008), e da teoria antropológica como Clifford Geertz, Claude Lévi-Strauss e Maurice Merleau-Ponty (apud MAGNANI, 2003) e Gilberto Velho (1981). Levando-se em conta a complexidade do objeto, buscamos fazer um recorte histórico abrangendo a questão da legislação paulistana e das condições reais dos artistas e de suas relações com o poder público e com a sociedade. Ao final, o que propomos são reflexões críticas e não explicações do fenômeno por meio de leis gerais.
Prospection of Potential Actions during Visual Working Memory Starts Early, Is Flexible, and Predicts Behavior
Authors: Nasrawi Rose , Boettcher Sage E. P. , van Ede Freek
Published: October 2023

For visual working memory to serve upcoming behavior, it is crucial that we prepare for the potential use of working-memory contents ahead of time. Recent studies have demonstrated how the prospection and planning for an upcoming manual action starts early after visual encoding, and occurs alongside visual retention. Here, we address whether such “output planning” in visual working memory flexibly adapts to different visual-motor mappings, and occurs even when an upcoming action will only potentially become relevant for behavior. Human participants (female and male) performed a visual-motor working memory task in which they remembered one or two colored oriented bars for later (potential) use. We linked, and counterbalanced, the tilt of the visual items to specific manual responses. This allowed us to track planning of upcoming behavior through contralateral attenuation of β band activity, a canonical motor-cortical EEG signature of manual-action planning. The results revealed how action encoding and subsequent planning alongside visual working memory (1) reflect anticipated task demands rather than specific visual-motor mappings, (2) occur even for actions that will only potentially become relevant for behavior, and (3) are associated with faster performance for the encoded item, at the expense of performance to other working-memory content. This reveals how the potential prospective use of visual working memory content is flexibly planned early on, with consequences for the speed of memory-guided behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is increasingly studied how visual working memory helps us to prepare for the future, in addition to how it helps us to hold onto the past. Recent studies have demonstrated that the planning of prospective actions occurs alongside encoding and retention in working memory. We show that such early “output planning” flexibly adapts to varying visual-motor mappings, occurs both for certain and potential actions, and predicts ensuing working-memory guided behavior. These results highlight the flexible and future-oriented nature of visual working memory, and provide insight into the neural basis of the anticipatory dynamics that translate visual representations into adaptive upcoming behavior.
Perspectives on shipping emissions and their impacts on the surface ocean and lower atmosphere: An environmental-social-economic dimension
Authors: Shi Zongbo , Endres Sonja , Rutgersson Anna , Al-Hajjaji Shams , Brynolf Selma , Booge Dennis , Hassellöv Ida-Maja , Kontovas Christos , Kumar Rohan , Liu Huan , Marandino Christa , Matthias Volker , Moldanová Jana , Salo Kent , Sebe Maxim , Yi Wen , Yang Mingxi , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2023

Shipping is the cornerstone of international trade and thus a critical economic sector. However, ships predominantly use fossil fuels for propulsion and electricity generation, which emit greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, and air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. The availability of Automatic Information System (AIS) data has helped to improve the emission inventories of air pollutants from ship stacks. Recent laboratory, shipborne, satellite and modeling studies provided convincing evidence that ship-emitted air pollutants have significant impacts on atmospheric chemistry, clouds, and ocean biogeochemistry. The need to improve air quality to protect human health and to mitigate climate change has driven a series of regulations at international, national, and local levels, leading to rapid energy and technology transitions. This resulted in major changes in air emissions from shipping with implications on their environmental impacts, but observational studies remain limited. Growth in shipping in polar areas is expected to have distinct impacts on these pristine and sensitive environments. The transition to more sustainable shipping is also expected to cause further changes in fuels and technologies, and thus in air emissions. However, major uncertainties remain on how future shipping emissions may affect atmospheric composition, clouds, climate, and ocean biogeochemistry, under the rapidly changing policy (e.g., targeting decarbonization), socioeconomic, and climate contexts.