bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis in Non‐Caucasian Women
Authors: Suk Amber , Dehom Salem , Punjabi Nihal , Young VyVy N. , Krishna Priya D. , Reder Lindsay , O'Dell Karla , Gochman Grant E. , Simmons Ethan , Verma Sunil P. , Harmon Matthew , Weissbrod Philip A. , Yang Jin , Tamares Shanalee , Crawley Brianna K.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To characterize presentation, disease course, and treatment of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) in non‐Caucasian women and compare this cohort to the predominantly female, Caucasian patient cohorts identified in the literature.

Study Design

Retrospective review. Results are compared to systematic review of demographics.

Setting

Multiple California institutions from 2008 to 2021.

Methods

Patients with intubation within 2 years of disease or who met exclusion criteria listed in prior publications were excluded. A systematic review of iSGS patient demographics was also completed for comparison.

Results

Of 421 patients with iSGS, 58 self‐identified as non‐Caucasian women, with 50 ultimately included. Mean age of onset was 45.1 years old (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.5‐48.8), and mean age at diagnosis was 47.2 years (95% CI, 43.6‐50.7). Mean Charlson comorbidity index was 1.06 (n = 49, 95% CI, 0.69‐1.44). At diagnosis, Cotton‐Meyer severity scores (documented in n = 45) were Cotton‐Myer (CM) I (28.9%), CM II (40%), and CM III (31.1%). Mean age at first endoscopic surgery was 47.7 (95% CI, 44.2‐51.3) years. 64% experienced disease recurrence with a median of 11 months between their first and second surgery. Our systematic review identified 60 studies that reported demographic features in patients with iSGS. 95% of pooled patients were Caucasian, while other demographic features were similar to the current cohort.

Conclusion

The non‐Caucasian population, almost 14% of this Californian cohort, does not differ from the majority Caucasian population detailed in contemporary literature. This cohort supports the presence of some racial and ethnic heterogeneity in this disease population.
Impact resistance optimization of composite laminates based on variable‐fidelity surrogate model
Authors: Liu Yuchi , Lu Jing , Zhang Haowei , Wang Haijin , Wang Han , Bi Yunbo
Published: August 2024

To improve the impact resistance of composite materials, this study introduces an efficient global optimization framework based on a multi‐fidelity surrogate model to optimize the layup sequence of laminates. Numerical simulation models are constructed utilizing Hashin and Puck failure criteria to provide a few time‐consuming high‐fidelity samples and a multitude of inexpensive low‐fidelity samples. The traditional genetic algorithm has been improved in terms of encoding mechanisms, genetic operators, genetic probabilities, algorithm structure, and the recognition of constraint conditions. The translation propagation algorithm based on optimal Latin hypercube sampling is used to generate initial sample points and improve the quality of space filling. An efficient global optimization framework for time‐consuming simulation problems is established by combining the Hierarchical Kriging surrogate model and multi‐fidelity expectation improved addition criterion to seek the optimal layup sequence of composites when the impact resistance of unconventional layup laminates is maximized. The optimized laminate shows a significant increase in impact resistance, evidenced by a 32.5% increase in peak impact contact force and an 18.01% decrease in the total delamination damage area. Analysis of the impact damage area reveals that post‐optimization, the laminate deforms less under impact load, exhibiting more directions of damage spread and an enhanced load‐bearing capacity.

Highlights

An improved DNA genetic algorithm is proposed in terms of encoding mechanisms, genetic operators, and algorithm structure.

Numerical simulation models are constructed utilizing Hashin and Puck failure criteria to provide high‐fidelity samples.

An efficient global optimization framework for time‐consuming simulation problems is established by combining the Hierarchical Kriging surrogate model.

The mechanical response and damage mechanism of the original and optimized laminates under low‐velocity impact are analyzed.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a Thermal Emitter for High‐Performance Passive Radiative Cooling
Authors: Lam Do Van , Dung Dao Thi , Nguyen Uyen Nhat Trieu , Kang Hyun Seok , Bae Byeong‐Soo , Kim Hyeon‐Don , Lim Mikyung , Kim Duckjong , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Lee Seung‐Mo
Published: August 2024

Passive radiative cooling represents a transformative approach to achieving sustainable cooling on Earth without relying on energy consumption. In this research, the optical characteristics of five readily accessible metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs): ZIF‐67(Co), MOF‐74(Ni), HKUST‐1(Cu), MOF‐801(Zr), and UiO‐66(Zr) are meticulously explored. The objective is to identify the pivotal factors that influence their ability to facilitate radiative cooling. Through an in‐depth analysis encompassing spectroscopic features, surface texture, and porosity, it is found that the MOFs' cooling efficacy is largely influenced by their optical bandgaps and functional groups, although other factors like chemical composition and structural characteristics remain to be considered. Notably, UiO‐66(Zr) emerged as the standout performer, boasting an impressive solar reflectance of 91% and a mid‐infrared emissivity of 96.8%. Remarkably, a fabric treated with UiO‐66(Zr) achieved a substantial sub‐ambient cooling effect, lowering temperatures by up to 5 °C and delivering a cooling power of 26 W m−2 at 300 K. The findings underscore the vast potential of MOFs in offering new opportunities to advance passive radiative cooling technologies, paving the way for their extensive application in this field.
Improving Web Element Localization by Using a Large Language Model
Authors: Nass Michel , Alégroth Emil , Feldt Robert
Published: August 2024

Web‐based test automation heavily relies on accurately finding web elements. Traditional methods compare attributes but do not grasp the context and meaning of elements and words. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) like GPT‐4, which can show human‐like reasoning abilities on some tasks, offers new opportunities for software engineering and web element localization. This paper introduces and evaluates VON Similo LLM, an enhanced web element localization approach. Using an LLM, it selects the most likely web element from the top‐ranked ones identified by the existing VON Similo method, ideally aiming to get closer to human‐like selection accuracy. An experimental study was conducted using 804 web element pairs from 48 real‐world web applications. We measured the number of correctly identified elements as well as the execution times, comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of VON Similo LLM against the baseline algorithm. In addition, motivations from the LLM were recorded and analysed for 140 instances. VON Similo LLM demonstrated improved performance, reducing failed localizations from 70 to 40 (out of 804), a 43% reduction. Despite its slower execution time and additional costs of using the GPT‐4 model, the LLM's human‐like reasoning showed promise in enhancing web element localization. LLM technology can enhance web element localization in GUI test automation, reducing false positives and potentially lowering maintenance costs. However, further research is necessary to fully understand LLMs' capabilities, limitations and practical use in GUI testing.
Multifaceted Characteristics of Biochar and Its Implementation in Environmental Management in a Sustainable Way
Authors: Rao Deepak , Rajput Priyadarshani , Choudhary Ravish , Yadav Sangita , Yadav S. K. , Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana , Ercisli Sezai , Matić Slavica
Published: August 2024

Biochar (BC), a carbon‐dense substance created through the pyrolysis of organic biomass, has garnered considerable interest as a promising option for sustainable mitigation methods. A comprehensive examination of the diverse attributes of BC and its implications for addressing contemporary environmental issues while fostering sustainable practices is compiled in this review. The synthesis techniques and structural attributes of BC are scrutinized initially, emphasizing its remarkable features such as broad surface area, porosity, and active sites. These characteristics of BC are conducive to myriad environmental applications, including pollutant remediation, soil health enhancement, and carbon sequestration. Subsequently, this review delves into the mechanisms underlying BC's effectiveness in environmental remediation. BC exhibits augmented adsorption capacities, catalytic functionalities, and interactions with microorganisms, facilitating the removal of contaminants from different matrices of the environment. Recently, BC and their products such as nano‐BC have gained widespread recognition as a feasible option for sustainable carbon material. Fabrication, characterization, modification, and diverse applications of BC were also discussed in detail. Its integration into agriculture holds promise for enhancing soil organic matter, augmenting production, and mitigating gas emissions, thereby contributing to food security and climate change mitigation. In conclusion, BC and nano‐BC emerge as a promising avenue for addressing environmental challenges and advancing sustainable development objectives. However, further research is warranted to optimize synthesis methodologies, elucidate long‐term environmental implications, and facilitate scalable production for widespread adoption.
Bluetongue virus serotype 3 in ruminants in the Netherlands: Clinical signs, seroprevalence and pathological findings
Authors: van den Brink Katrien M. J. A. , Santman‐Berends Inge M. G. A. , Harkema Liesbeth , Scherpenzeel Christian G. M. , Dijkstra Eveline , Bisschop Petra I. H. , Peterson Karianne , van de Burgwal Nienke Snijders , Waldeck Hubert W. F. , Dijkstra Thomas , Holwerda Melle , Spierenburg Marcel A. H. , van den Brom René
Published: August 2024

Background

The bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV‐3) outbreak in the Netherlands in 2023 caused severe clinical signs in ruminants. The clinical and pathological signs in ruminants and their spread during the outbreak in 2023 are described.

Methods

Data from the Dutch monitoring and surveillance system were available to describe clinical signs and pathological findings related to BTV‐3 in sheep, cattle and goats. During the outbreak, 13 farms (five sheep, five cattle and three dairy goats) were closely monitored.

Results

In 2023, BTV‐3 infections were confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in sheep flocks (n = 1807), cattle herds (n = 1864), goat herds (n = 62), alpaca and/or llama herds (n = 15) and one dog. Sheep exhibited the most severe clinical signs and had the highest mortality. In other animal species, a large variation in both occurrence and severity of clinical signs was observed.

Limitation

Only 13 farms were closely monitored.

Conclusions

The clinical signs observed in affected animals during the 2023 BTV‐3 outbreak seem to be more severe than those observed during the BTV‐8 outbreak between 2006 and 2008. It seems likely that BTV‐3 will overwinter, similar to BTV‐8. Therefore, the availability of an effective and safe vaccine is crucial to limit the future impact of BTV‐3.
Early sterile splenic abscess following vehicular trauma in a dog
Authors: O'Connor Courtney D. , Flores Rebecca
Published: August 2024

A dog presented 24 hours following vehicular trauma. The dog presented in hypovolaemic shock and developed a progressive haemoperitoneum and anaemia over the following 2 days. Initial ultrasonography was concerning for a splenic mass, suspected to be a haematoma. The dog developed a waxing and waning fever despite broad‐spectrum antimicrobials, intermittent anorexia and abdominal pain. Exploratory celiotomy 10 days following trauma revealed a sterile splenic abscess, with complete resolution of clinical signs following splenectomy. Histopathology yielded a diagnosis of a sterile necropurulent abscess with no bacterial growth. This report suggests that a splenic abscess should be considered in post‐trauma patients with a fever, leukocytosis or abdominal pain.
Neutrophilic dermatosis resembling pyoderma gangrenosum in a dog with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Lange Anja , Mayer Ursula , Apostolopoulos Neoklis
Published: August 2024

An 8‐year‐old, female, neutered small Munsterlander presented with multiple ulcerative lesions. Some of these wounds had undermined violaceous borders, indicating lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum. Furthermore, a multicentric lymphoma was identified. The administration of chemotherapy and both systemic and topical immunosuppressive treatments resulted in the complete remission of all symptoms for approximately 6 months. However, the dog had to be euthanased due to a possible recurrence of both diseases, characterised by the reappearance of comparable skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes in the peripheral areas and a decline in overall health.
Successful treatment of perianal canine papillomavirus type‐1‐associated viral epidermal plaques and squamous cell carcinoma in situ by electrochemotherapy
Authors: Boncea Ana Maria , Cristea Anca , Ramsauer Anna Sophie , Gal Claudiu , Taulescu Marian
Published: August 2024

A 2‐year‐old, female labrador retriever developed multiple pruritic perianal viral epidermal plaques and squamous cell carcinomas in situ. Molecular tests confirmed the infection with canine papilloma virus type 1. Electrochemotherapy was chosen as a first‐line treatment, and proved beneficial.
Thermal analysis of MHD unsteady Darcy‐Forchheimer thin film flow in a porous system
Authors: G Gomathy , Kumar B. Rushi
Published: August 2024

This study has investigated a Darcy‐Forchheimer thin film flow over an extended horizontal surface with thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects. The governing time‐dependent equations have been non‐dimensionalized using similarity transformations and solved numerically using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method and the shooting technique. The influence of magnetohydrodynamics, non‐uniform heat sourcing, viscous heat radiation, and chemical reactions on temperature, velocity, skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers has been examined. Results have shown that porous media, magnetic field, and transient effects decrease the velocity profile, while thermal radiation and variable thermal properties enhance temperature distributions. Findings have indicated that the magnetic field and porosity enhance the skin friction coefficient whereas the heat transfer rate increases with Eckert number and Prandtl number. Rising the chemical reaction parameter from 0.2 to 0.5 rises the mass transfer rate by approximately 9.85%. The thermal analysis of MHD Darcy‐Forchheimer thin film flow in a porous system has been crucial for understanding heat transfer and fluid dynamics in complex environments. It helped in optimizing various engineering processes, such as cooling systems, filtration, and energy conversion, by providing insights into temperature distribution, convective heat transfer, and fluid behavior. This analysis has aided in designing efficient and reliable systems with improved performance and reduced energy consumption.
The secret lives of wedgefish: first insights into fine-scale behaviour and movement ecology of a globally imperilled ray
Authors: Lear Karissa O. , Estrabeau Carlos , Morgan David L. , Whitney Nicholas M. , Gleiss Adrian C. , Bignell Colby , Pillans Richard D. , Bateman Rebecca L.
Published: August 2024

Wedgefishes have recently been recognised as one of the most imperilled marine fish families worldwide. However, many knowledge gaps about their biology and ecology hinder conservation efforts. Here we used a combination of acoustic telemetry and acceleration datalogger technology to gain fundamental insights into the fine-scale behaviour, habitat use, size of activity spaces, and residency of adult female bottlenose wedgefish (Rhynchobatus australiae) in  the Ningaloo region of northwestern Australia. Acoustic tracking data over one year demonstrated that female bottlenose wedgefish continuously resided in a relatively small area of a productive coral reef lagoon. Acceleration data revealed that bottlenose wedgefish were nocturnal, with time of day having a greater influence on activity than tidal patterns. Bottlenose wedgefish also increased activity with seasonally increasing temperatures. We identified several discrete behavioural signatures in the acceleration data, inferred to correspond to chafing, settling/burying behaviour, foraging behaviour, and escape behaviour, based on their kinematics. Further observations are required to confirm these behaviours with certainty. Additionally, according to datalogger and acoustic data, tagged bottlenose wedgefish rarely inhabited areas greater than 2 m deep. Together, these first insights into behaviour and habitat use of adult female bottlenose wedgefish highlight the importance of nearshore habitats for this species and indicate that they may be highly resident to specific areas. Our findings provide important insight into the conservation of bottlenose wedgefish in northwestern Australia, including potential effectiveness of protected areas and interactions with specific anthropogenic threats such as shoreline development and recreational beach fishing.
A proposed framework for crop yield prediction using hybrid feature selection approach and optimized machine learning
Authors: Abdel-salam Mahmoud , Kumar Neeraj , Mahajan Shubham
Published: August 2024

Accurately predicting crop yield is essential for optimizing agricultural practices and ensuring food security. However, existing approaches often struggle to capture the complex interactions between various environmental factors and crop growth, leading to suboptimal predictions. Consequently, identifying the most important feature is vital when leveraging Support Vector Regressor (SVR) for crop yield prediction. In addition, the manual tuning of SVR hyperparameters may not always offer high accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for predicting crop yields that address these challenges. Our framework integrates a new hybrid feature selection approach with an optimized SVR model to enhance prediction accuracy efficiently. The proposed framework comprises three phases: preprocessing, hybrid feature selection, and prediction phases. In preprocessing phase, data normalization is conducted, followed by an application of K-means clustering in conjunction with the correlation-based filter (CFS) to generate a reduced dataset. Subsequently, in the hybrid feature selection phase, a novel hybrid FMIG-RFE feature selection approach is proposed. Finally, the prediction phase introduces an improved variant of Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA), named ICOA, which is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters of SVR model thereby achieving superior prediction accuracy along with the novel hybrid feature selection approach. Several experiments are conducted to assess and evaluate the performance of the proposed framework. The results demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed framework over state-of-art approaches. Furthermore, experimental findings regarding the ICOA optimization algorithm affirm its efficacy in optimizing the hyperparameters of SVR model, thereby enhancing both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency, surpassing existing algorithms.
The cutting-edge roles of lasers in endodontics: A bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles
Authors: Usta Sıla Nur , Betancourt Pablo , Ceylan Alper , Keskin Cangül
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This bibliometric and scientometric analysis aimed to delve into the forefront roles of lasers in endodontics from 1990 to 2024. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using “Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, All Databases” to retrieve the most-cited articles pertaining to the topic. These articles were then ranked in descending order according to their citation counts and the top 100 were selected for further analysis. Parameters including citation density, publication year, journal, journal impact factor (IF), country, institution, author, study design, study field, evidence level, laser type, and keywords were meticulously analyzed. Results: The mean and standard deviations of total citation and citation density were 106.47 ± 65.76 and 7.61 ± 5.13, respectively. Positive and negative correlations were found between the number of citations and citation density and age of publication. While the mean number of citations was significantly higher in the period 2001–2010 compared to the other periods (P < 0.05), values were similar between the periods 1990–2000 and 2011–2014 (P > 0.05). Articles were mainly published in the Journal of Endodontics. The most productive country, institutions, and author were the United States, the University of Showa, and Koukichi Matsumoto. Diode and Er: YAG lasers were commonly investigated. Ex vivo studies were mainly performed followed by in vitro ones. The main study field was “antimicrobial effect”. Among keywords, “photodynamic therapy” was used more frequently. Conclusion: Lasers are predominantly utilized to leverage their antimicrobial efficacy. Advancements in technology will lead to improvements in the properties of lasers, thereby enhancing the disinfection of the root canal system.
Colors and Entrepreneurial Activities: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hodges Nancy , Kane Michael J. , Link Albert N.
Published: August 2024

Colors may enhance entrepreneurial behavior. It is well known that creativity can lead to entrepreneurial behavior, and it is argued in the psychology literature that colors can influence an individual’s creativity. In this paper, we explore the empirical relationship between colors and entrepreneurial behavior under the literature-based hypothesis that yellows and oranges enhance an individual’s creative emotions. Our findings open the door for future research on the psychology of colors and entrepreneurship.
Sliding Cycles of Regularized Piecewise Linear Visible–Invisible Twofolds
Authors: Huzak Renato , Kristiansen Kristian Uldall
Published: August 2024

The goal of this paper is to study the number of sliding limit cycles of regularized piecewise linear visible–invisible twofolds using the notion of slow divergence integral. We focus on limit cycles produced by canard cycles located in the half-plane with an invisible fold point. We prove that the integral has at most 1 zero counting multiplicity (when it is not identically zero). This will imply that the canard cycles can produce at most 2 limit cycles. Moreover, we detect regions in the parameter space with 2 limit cycles.
Toxicological and physiological activity of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils as acaricidal agents on life-table parameters of Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) and its predatory mite, Cydnoseius negevi (Swirskii & Amitai)
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud Monir , Abdelwines Mohammed Ali
Published: August 2024

The goal of this study is to explore the effects of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils, specifically at their LC50 concentrations, on the demographic parameters of two mite species: Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) and its predatory mite counterpart, Cydnoseius negevi (Swirskii & Amitai). By evaluating these essential oils, the study aims to contribute to eco-friendly pest management strategies within integrated pest management (IPM) programs. The effects of these oils were assessed in terms of measuring the activity of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. GC–MS was used to identify the chemical components of these oils. The main compounds identified by GC–MS in lemongrass and peppermint essential oils were D-Limonene (45.06%), β-Citral (10.30%), α-Citral (9.90%)) and (Menthol (32.03%), Menthone (30.18%), p-Menthan-3-one (11.53%), respectively. The results showed that lemongrass and peppermint were more toxic to O. mangiferus than to C. negevi. Exposure of O. mangiferus to the LC50 of these oils caused a significant increase in peroxidase and catalase enzymes, but it inhibited the detoxifying enzymes, α-esterase, β-esterase, and glutathione s-transferase. Also, these oils had disruptive effects on survival, longevity, and fecundity of O. mangiferus; as they reduced its demographic parameters such as (R0) (GRR) (rm), and (λ). However, they did not show any substantial change in the development time and demographic parameters of C. negevi. On the contrary, they improved its enzymes activity. According to these findings, these essential oils can be used in combination with biological control agents in the integrated pest management strategies against the mango spider mite, O. mangiferus.
Immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer: the current state and future trajectories
Authors: Qiang Min , Liu Hongyang , Yang Lei , Wang Hong , Guo Rui
Published: August 2024

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes approximately 10% to 15% of all lung cancer diagnoses and represents a pressing global public health challenge due to its high mortality rates. The efficacy of conventional treatments for SCLC is suboptimal, characterized by limited anti-tumoral effects and frequent relapses. In this context, emerging research has pivoted towards immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, a rapidly advancing field that has shown promise in ameliorating the clinical outcomes of SCLC patients. Through originally developed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these therapies have extended new treatment avenues for SCLC. Currently, a nexus of emerging hot-spot treatments has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy. Based on the amalgamation of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and the development of new immunotherapy agents, the treatment of SCLC has seen the hoping future. Progress has been achieved in enhancing the tumor immune microenvironment through the concomitant use of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), as evinced by emerging clinical trial data. Moreover, a tripartite approach involving immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy appears auspicious for future clinical applications. Overcoming resistance to post-immunotherapy regimens remains an urgent area of exploration. Finally, bispecific antibodies, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), oncolytic virus, monotherapy, including Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), as well as precision medicine, may present a prospective route towards achieving curative outcomes in SCLC. This review aims to synthesize extant literature and highlight future directions in SCLC treatment, acknowledging the persistent challenges in the field. Furthermore, the continual development of novel therapeutic agents and technologies renders the future of SCLC treatment increasingly optimistic.
Attenuation of high-fat high-sucrose diet and CCl4-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats by activating autophagy and SIGMAR1/GRP78/ITPR1 signaling using berberine-loaded albumin nanoparticles: in vivo prediction and in-silico molecular modeling
Authors: Saleh Samar R. , Younis Fatema A. , Abdelrahman Sahar S. , Attia Azza A. , El‑Demellawy Maha A. , Newairy Al‑Sayeda A. , Ghareeb Doaa A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent metabolic disorder that can lead to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and, eventually, result in hepatocellular carcinoma. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of berberine-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BBR-BSA NPs) toward the induced NASH physical, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes.

Methods

NASH was induced in male rats by an high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) and repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections. The treated groups received HFHSD/CCl4 and were then administered BBR, BBR-BSA NPs, BSA NPs, and Atorvastatin for four weeks. Finally, physical, liver function, lipid profile, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were determined. Furthermore, hepatic sigma 1 receptor (SIGMAR1) and autophagy signaling proteins were evaluated. The hepatic transmission electron microscopic and histopathological examinations were also assessed. Finally, the chemical- and protein–protein interaction networks were presented using the visualization tools STITCH 5.0 and STRING databases. In addition, molecular docking analyses were conducted to illustrate the binding of BBR and Atorvastatin toward SREBP-2 and mTOR targets.

Results

The long-term administration of HFHSD/CCl4 had the potential to develop a NASH model. This model is characterized by hepatic steatosis, necro-inflammation, and impaired endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial signaling. The results revealed an impaired SIGMAR1 and autophagy flux signaling pathways. In contrast, the administration of BBR-BSA NP improved the therapeutic properties of entrapped BBR on the alterations associated with NASH. The BBR-BSA NPs enhanced the autophagic flux and SIGMAR1 signaling modulators compared to BBR and Atorvastatin. The in-silico bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that BBR exhibited a more robust interaction with SREBP-2 and mTOR compared to Atorvastatin, which supports the in vivo results.

Conclusion

BBR-BSA NPs restored hepatic homeostasis and enhanced the free BBR’s hepatoprotection against the induced NASH via the upregulation of SIGMAR1 and autophagy flux signaling.
Lubrication condition monitoring of journal bearings in diesel engine based on thermoelectricity
Authors: Lv Yuhao , Liu Hao , Chen Zhigang , Chang Weijie , Zhang Hui , Li Hulin
Published: August 2024

There is still a lack of effective lubrication condition monitoring methods in the field of diesel engines. The paper proposes a novel thermoelectric approach to divide the lubrication state of bearings. First, the generation mechanism of thermoelectric potential on bearings is clarified. Then, both experimental and simulation studies are done, and a strong correlation between lubrication and thermoelectric potential is shown. The film thickness and temperature are further confirmed as significant factors influencing thermoelectric potential. Generally, the thermoelectric potential increases with temperature. However, a small film thickness ratio (when the film thickness ratio is less than 4) will suppress the thermoelectric potential. Three typical lubrication states of bearings are distinguished through thermoelectric potential and supported by the Stribeck curve results. Moreover, the significant influence of lubrication on the bearing is confirmed through the analysis of surface morphology and composition.
Enhancing Defect-Induced Dipole Polarization Strategy of SiC@MoO3 Nanocomposite Towards Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wang Ting , Zhao Wenxin , Miao Yukun , Cui Anguo , Gao Chuanhui , Wang Chang , Yuan Liying , Tian Zhongning , Meng Alan , Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Meng
Published: August 2024

Defect engineering in transition metal oxides semiconductors (TMOs) is attracting considerable interest due to its potential to enhance conductivity by intentionally introducing defects that modulate the electronic structures of the materials. However, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between micro-structures and electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities remains elusive, posing a substantial challenge to the advancement of TMOs absorbers. The current research describes a process for the deposition of a MoO3 layer onto SiC nanowires, achieved via electro-deposition followed by high-temperature calcination. Subsequently, intentional creation of oxygen vacancies within the MoO3 layer was carried out, facilitating the precise adjustment of electromagnetic properties to enhance the microwave absorption performance of the material. Remarkably, the SiC@MO-t4 sample exhibited an excellent minimum reflection loss of − 50.49 dB at a matching thickness of 1.27 mm. Furthermore, the SiC@MO-t6 sample exhibited an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.72 GHz with a thickness of 2.81 mm, comprehensively covering the entire Ku band. These results not only highlight the pivotal role of defect engineering in the nuanced adjustment of electromagnetic properties but also provide valuable insight for the application of defect engineering methods in broadening the spectrum of electromagnetic wave absor ption effectiveness. SiC@MO-t samples with varying concentrations of oxygen vacancies were prepared through in-situ etching of the SiC@MoO3 nanocomposite. The presence of oxygen vacancies plays a crucial role in adjusting the band gap and local electron distribution, which in turn enhances conductivity loss and induced polarization loss capacity. This finding reveals a novel strategy for improving the absorption properties of electromagnetic waves through defect engineering.
Turbulence and transport by electron temperature gradient driven instability in large volume plasma device
Authors: Awasthi L. M. , Srivastav Prabhakar , Singh S. K. , Sanyasi A. K. , Srivastava P. K. , Singh Rameswar , Sugandhi R. , Singh R. , Mattoo S. K.
Published: August 2024

We present a topical review of the detailed experimental investigations of the Electron Temperature Gradient (ETG) instability-induced turbulence and associated transport that have been carried out in the Large Volume Plasma Device (LVPD) at the Institute for Plasma Research. These results pertaining to a high beta plasma are supported by theoretical modeling and their significance with relation to earlier ETG investigations are discussed. The removal of non-thermal electrons and control of electron temperature gradient, $$\nabla {T}_{e}$$

∇

T
e

are achieved in a finite beta plasma (β ∼ 0.6) by making use of an Electron Energy Filter (EEF). It divides the plasma into source, EEF and target regions. In the core region ($$x\le 50$$

x
≤
50

cm) of target plasma, the observed electromagnetic instability exhibits fluctuations in the lower hybrid range of frequencies ($$f=1-80 kHz$$

f
=
1
-
80
k
H
z

), with a broad band spectra having its peak power at wave number, $${k}_{\perp }=\left(0.1-0.2\right)$$

k
⊥

=

0.1
-
0.2

cm−1 and frequency, f ~ 10 kHz satisfying condition $${k}_{\perp }{\rho }_{e}\le 1$$

k
⊥

ρ
e

≤
1

and $${k}_{\parallel }/{k}_{\perp }<$$

k
‖

/

k
⊥

<

1, where $${\rho }_{e}$$

ρ
e

is the electron Larmor radius and $${k}_{\perp }$$

k
⊥

and $${k}_{\parallel }$$

k
‖

are the perpendicular and parallel wave numbers, respectively. It was demonstrated successfully that when $$\nabla {T}_{e}$$

∇

T
e

is made significant such that$${\eta }_{e}\approx {L}_{n}/{L}_{Te}>2/3$$

η
e

≈

L
n

/

L

Te

>
2
/
3

, where $${L}_{n}$$

L
n

is density scale length and $${L}_{Te}$$

L

Te

is electron temperature scale length, the ETG scale turbulence gets excited in the presence of pre-excited Whistler mode. A linear theory of coupled Whistler-Electron Temperature Gradient (W-ETG) mode is developed using a two-fluid model applicable for the LVPD plasma. A comparison of the experimental and numerical results is found to be in good agreement. Upon identification of the ETG turbulence, the electrostatic and electromagnetic particle fluxes and energy flux induced by it in the target region of LVPD were investigated. We observed an inward directed radial particle flux, but total heat flux remained radially outward. The particle and thermal fluxes are compared with the numerically obtained values and are found to be in good agreement in the core plasma of LVPD.
Process Modeling of Mineral Dissolution From Nano‐Scale Surface Topography Observations
Authors: Starnoni M. , Sanchez‐Vila X. , Recalcati C. , Riva M. , Guadagnini A.
Published: August 2024

We present an innovative approach that combines a unique real‐time data set documenting absolute dissolution rates of a calcite crystal with an original reactive transport model tailored to the analysis of the dynamics of nano‐scale mineral dissolution processes. Providing robust and physically based fundamental understanding on the kinetics of mineral dissolution is at the core of various geo‐engineered strategies to quantify chemical weathering patterns across diverse spatial and temporal scales. Here, we rely on data obtained through Atomic Force Microscopy. We provide a mathematical framework to describe three‐dimensional dynamics of the mineral surface topography, and show convergence of the numerical approach for vertical grid spacing down to sub‐nm resolution.
Consumptive Water Use and Efficiency of Irrigated U.S. Corn: Learning From Hundreds of Site‐Management‐Year Observations
Authors: Kukal Meetpal S.
Published: August 2024

Grain yield response to consumptive water use a.k.a. evapotranspiration (ETc) is a critical dimension of food‐water nexus in irrigated agroecosystems. With the largest water footprint, irrigated corn production in the U.S. must be assessed for its ETc and water use efficiency (WUE) at a scale meaningful for producers and water managers. Field experiments significantly inform our understanding of how corn yield responds to ETc at the field/plot‐level, but their collective synergism remains untapped. This analysis uses a literature synthesis of existing measured data from nationwide experiments that measured corn ETc, to build models that elucidate and predict corn ETc and WUE under diverse environment and on‐farm management. The resulting synthesis (n = 1,362) captured wide ranging conditions of mean aridity, environmental variability, management, and crop outcomes, providing an unprecedented opportunity to train data‐driven models. Random forest models effectively predicted seasonal total ETc and seasonal mean WUE using a handful of environmental and management‐based predictors, demonstrating RMSEs of 33 mm (5.1%) and 0.28 kg m−3 (10.4%), respectively. Irrigation depth was the most important followed by total precipitation received during the growing season in determining ETc and WUE. Trained on the largest compilation of experimental data sets of corn ETc, these data‐driven models represent nuanced corn water production functions that also account for weather and agronomy besides describing economic yield‐ETc response.
A retrospective analysis of NHS patient dental charges in England, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Chestnutt Ivor G. , Cope Anwen L.
Published: August 2024

Objectives This analysis aimed to: i) review how patient dental charges (PDCs) changed over time in England, Scotland and Wales; ii) determine how these changes relate to a) inflation and b) minimum wages; and iii) how the charges have varied in the devolved administrations.

Methods Data were obtained from NHS and Office for National Statistics (ONS) records and historical valuations of the national living wage (NLW). General inflation was calculated using the ONS Consumer Price Index.

Results PDCs differed significantly between countries in relation to cost; which aspects of dental care require a charge; and value of payments (p <0.001). PDCs in England for simple, intermediate and more complex care rose from £15.90, £43.60 and £194.00 in 2007, to £25.80, £70.70 and £306.80 in 2023. Adjusted for inflation, the 2007 prices equate to £25.53, £70.02 and £311.55, demonstrating that the relative costs have remained constant in England. In Wales, 2007 prices (inflation-adjusted):2023 prices for the three complexities of treatment were £19.27:£14.80, £62.23:£47.33 and £284.25:£204.43. In Scotland, PDCs for the four treatment items fell marginally when adjusted for inflation. The ratio of PDC:NLW fell by an average of 13.8% in England and 30.7% in Wales.

Conclusions There has been significant variation in the approach to PDCs across Great Britain both in terms of nominal costs and the degree to which these have kept pace with inflation.
Experimentally altering microRNA levels in embryos alters adult phenotypes
Authors: Yilmaz Sukranli Zeynep , Korkmaz Bayram Keziban , Taheri Serpil , Cuzin Francois , Ozkul Yusuf , Rassoulzadegan Minoo
Published: August 2024

We previously identified a unique genetic feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in human patients and established mouse models, a low to very low level of six microRNAs, miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-499a-5p. We attempted to interfere experimentally in mice with two of them, miR19a-3p and miR499a-5p by microinjecting into zygote pronuclei either the complementary sequence or an excess of the microRNA. Both resulted in low levels in the tissues and sperm of the targeted microRNAs and their pri and pre precursors. This method stably modify predetermined levels of miRNAs and identify miRNA alterations that cause changes in autistic behavior and predispose the individual to an inherited disease. Excess miRNA results in single-stranded miRNA variations in both free and DNA-bound RNA (R-loop) fractions in mouse models thus appearing to affect their own transcription. Analysis of miRNAs fractions in human patients blood samples confirm low level of six microRNAs also in R-loop fractions.
Alpine viper in changing climate: thermal ecology and prospects of a cold-adapted reptile in the warming Mediterranean
Authors: Mizsei Edvárd , Radovics Dávid , Rák Gergő , Budai Mátyás , Bancsik Barnabás , Szabolcs Márton , Sos Tibor , Lengyel Szabolcs
Published: August 2024

In a rapidly changing thermal environment, reptiles are primarily dependent on in situ adaptation because of their limited ability to disperse and the restricted opportunity to shift their ranges. However, the rapid pace of climate change may surpass these adaptation capabilities or elevate energy expenditures. Therefore, understanding the variability in thermal traits at both individual and population scales is crucial, offering insights into reptiles' vulnerability to climate change. We studied the thermal ecology of the endangered Greek meadow viper (Viperagraeca), an endemic venomous snake of fragmented alpine-subalpine meadows above 1600 m of the Pindos mountain range in Greece and Albania, to assess its susceptibility to anticipated changes in the alpine thermal environment. We measured preferred body temperature in artificial thermal gradient, field body temperatures of 74 individuals in five populations encompassing the entire geographic range of the species, and collected data on the available of temperatures for thermoregulation. We found that the preferred body temperature (Tp) differed only between the northernmost and the southernmost populations and increased with female body size but did not depend on sex or the gravidity status of females. Tp increased with latitude but was unaffected by the phylogenetic position of the populations. We also found high accuracy of thermoregulation in V.graeca populations and variation in the thermal quality of habitats throughout the range. The overall effectiveness of thermoregulation was high, indicating that V.graeca successfully achieves its target temperatures and exploits the thermal landscape. Current climatic conditions limit the activity period by an estimated 1278 h per year, which is expected to increase considerably under future climate scenarios. Restricted time available for thermoregulation, foraging and reproduction will represent a serious threat to the fitness of individuals and the persistence of populations in addition to habitat loss due to mining, tourism or skiing and habitat degradation due to overgrazing in the shrinking mountaintop habitats of V.graeca.
Graphene-based nanocomposites as gamma- and X-ray radiation shield
Authors: Filak-Mędoń Karolina , Fornalski Krzysztof W. , Bonczyk Michał , Jakubowska Alicja , Kempny Kamila , Wołoszczuk Katarzyna , Filipczak Krzysztof , Żerańska Klaudia , Zdrojek Mariusz
Published: August 2024

Commonly used materials for protection against ionizing radiation (gamma and X-ray energy range) primarily rely on high-density materials, like lead, steel, or tungsten. However, these materials are heavy and often impractical for various applications, especially where weight is a key parameter, like in avionics or space technology. Here, we study the shielding properties of an alternative light material—a graphene-based composite with a relatively low density ~ 1 g/cm3. We demonstrate that the linear attenuation coefficient is energy of radiation dependent, and it is validated by the XCOM model, showing relatively good agreement. We also show that the mass attenuation coefficient for selected radiation energies is at least comparable with other known materials, exceeding the value of 0.2 cm2/g for higher energies. This study proves the usefulness of a commonly used model for predicting the attenuation of gamma and X-ray radiation for new materials. It shows a new potential candidate for shielding application.
Hierarchical machine learning models can identify stimuli of climate change misinformation on social media
Authors: Rojas Cristian , Algra-Maschio Frank , Andrejevic Mark , Coan Travis , Cook John , Li Yuan-Fang
Published: August 2024

Misinformation about climate change poses a substantial threat to societal well-being, prompting the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies. However, the rapid proliferation of online misinformation on social media platforms outpaces the ability of fact-checkers to debunk false claims. Automated detection of climate change misinformation offers a promising solution. In this study, we address this gap by developing a two-step hierarchical model. The Augmented Computer Assisted Recognition of Denial and Skepticism (CARDS) model is specifically designed for categorising climate claims on Twitter. Furthermore, we apply the Augmented CARDS model to five million climate-themed tweets over a six-month period in 2022. We find that over half of contrarian climate claims on Twitter involve attacks on climate actors. Spikes in climate contrarianism coincide with one of four stimuli: political events, natural events, contrarian influencers, or convinced influencers. Implications for automated responses to climate misinformation are discussed.
Ginsenoside compound K alleviates d-galactose-induced mild cognitive impairment by modulating gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Yan Xiaojun , Bai Xue , Fu Rongzhan , Duan Zhiguang , Zeng Wen , Zhu Chenhui
Published: August 2024

Ginsenoside compound K ameliorates d-galactose-induced mild cognitive impairment by modulating the gut microbiota, increasing the abundance of beneficial Akkermansia, regulating propionate metabolism, and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Design and development of symmetric aromatic bischalcogenide-based photocatalysts for water treatment application: a concise study of diphenyl diselenide polypyrrole nanocatalysis
Authors: Jan Tabee , Raheem Shabnam , Rizvi Masood Ahmad
Published: August 2024

Dopant engineering can be a very selective approach in designing hybrid materials for aimed applications.
Cu-P@silica-CNT-based catalyst for effective electrolytic water splitting in an alkaline medium with hydrazine assistance
Authors: Khdary Nezar H. , El-Gohary Asmaa R. M. , Galal Ahmed , Alhassan Ahmed M. , Alzahrain Sami D.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we prepared a potential catalyst as an electrode modifier for electrolytic water splitting.
Assessing rare earth elements in Indian coal ash using Westcott formalism in NAA and leaching studies
Authors: Chand Manish , Bagchi Subhrojit , Khan Bilal Hassan
Published: August 2024

This study employs Westcott formalism coupled with the internal monostandard approach in k0-NAA to assess Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Indian coal ash samples.
Fabrication and characterization of a chitosan/cyclodextrin/TiO2-NPs composite for preservation of avocados
Authors: Pham Thi Lan , Nguyen Manh B. , Bui Van Cuong , Nguyen Thi Xuyen , T. A. Savitskaya , Le-Deygen Irina , Thai Hoang , Tran Dai Lam
Published: August 2024

In this study, a TiO2 material with nanoparticle size of about 10–20 nm, surface area of 109 m2 g−1 was synthesized using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method.
Ti and Zr complexes bearing guanidine-phenolate ligands: coordination chemistry and polymerization studies
Authors: Flores-Romero Víctor , LeBlanc Jesse , Chen Zichuan , Lavoie Gino G.
Published: August 2024

Ti and Zr complexes of guanidine-phenolate ligands were evaluated in the polymerization of rac-lactide and ethylene.