bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre a natureza da responsabilidade pré-contratual
Authors: Graça Moura António
Published: March 2023

O dinamismo do tráfego jurídico-económico dita a necessidade constante de contratação entre pessoas, sejam singulares ou colectivas, no exercício das suas capacidades negociais. No complexo processo tendente à tal contratação releva, em particular, o instituto da responsabilidade pré-contratual. Os contornos práticos deste instituto — que, no Código Civil português, surge laconicamente previsto num artigo com dois números — são discutidos na doutrina e na jurisprudência há várias décadas. Confrontam-se doutrinas que aproximam mais este instituto do regime da responsabilidade contratual com outras que o associam com o regime da responsabilidade extracontratual e, numa posição intermédia, existem doutrinas que o encaram como um tertium genus entre as anteriores. O objectivo deste texto é explorar o enquadramento e o significado deste instituto, além da sua raiz histórica e científica, para compreender melhor o seu regime e as diferentes posições acolhidas pela doutrina, em particular no que toca a específicas questões consideradas relevantes, como a aplicação, ou não, da presunção de culpa associada à responsabilidade obrigacional.
Caribbean Community (CARICOM) — Culture
Authors: Moustaira Elina
Published: March 2023

The role of culture in Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM’s) agenda is claimed to be very important. The CARICOM Secretariat has a culture program, aiming to strengthen the creativity of people. CARICOM annually manages the Caribbean Festival of Arts (CARIFESTA). A huge issue is that of the cultural restitutions. Most CARICOM Member States have become States Parties to International Conventions related to cultural heritage. Sadly, all international Conventions concerning protection of cultural heritage do not have retroactive effect. There is also a CARICOM commission on reparations for slavery and native genocide against the governments of Britain, France and the Netherlands, the transatlantic slave trade, between the 16th to 19th centuries, being much associated with the Caribbean heritage. Languages are important for the cultural identity of people. It may be stated on CARICOM’s site that “Our languages are part of the legacy of the various civilisations from which our ancestors came”, but it is also stated that “[f]or many member states, the English Language is a major unifying factor”. Indigenous languages should be of more concern to CARICOM. The creation of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) in 2005, is considered very important toward the Caribbean integration and thus, also to the protection of the region’s culture and cultural heritage – important part of their identity. However, only 4 Member States so far have accepted the CCJ as their Highest Court of Appeal. CARICOM should be more active in regard to the protection of culture and cultural heritage of its Member States.
Recensión a Álvarez Moreno, María Teresa, La contratación electrónica mediante plataformas en línea, Madrid, Reus, 2021, 302 pp. (ISBN: 9788429024913)
Authors: López Jiménez David
Published: March 2023

Recensión a Álvarez Moreno, María Teresa, La contratación electrónica mediante plataformas en línea, Madrid, Reus, 2021, 302 pp. (ISBN: 9788429024913)
Severe delta variant COVID-19 in a 28-week infant with response to corticosteroids and remdesivir: a case report
Authors: King Adam , Hassell Jack , Gunathilaka Mastiyage Dona Gayani Nisansala , Storey Caroline , Graham-Evans Kate , Kachroo Rahul
Published: March 2023

Background:

In the context of a global COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a variety of reports about the impact of infection to the fetus and in the immediate newborn period. Many babies appear to have a mild clinical course, but there is limited data about preterm infants.

Case Presentation:

A 28 week male infant was delivered with signs of fetal distress, four days after maternal infection with COVID-19. At this time, the delta variant of the virus predominated. After an initial period of stability, the baby significantly deteriorated in the second week and intensive care was escalated approaching maximal therapy. Given the life-threatening severity of the clinical condition, an off-licence trial of remdesivir was started alongside dexamethasone. With this treatment, the patient made a significant improvement and recovered.

Conclusion:

This case shows the feasibility of using remdesivir in the very premature neonatal population and seems to have been well tolerated.
The relationship of D. pteronyssinus allergic component sIgE and sIgG4 in house dust mite allergic rhinitis or/and allergic asthma patients
Authors: Hu Haisheng , Dai Jinyu , Zheng Xianhui , Wu Jiajia , Wu Liting , Luo Wenting , Sun Baoqing
Published: March 2023

Objective: House-dust mite sensitization is an important cause of allergic asthma and/or rhinitis in southern China. This study aimed to analyze the immune effect and relationship between the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus components specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and sIgG4.
Methods: The serum levels of sIgE and sIgG4 to D. pteronyssinus allergen components Der p 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 23 were detected in 112 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or allergic asthma (AA). Results: Overall, Der p 1 had the highest
positive rate of sIgE (72.3%), followed by Der p 2 (65.2%) and Der p 23 (46.4%). Meanwhile, the highest positive rates of sIgG4 were for Der p 2 (47.3%), Der p 1 (33.0%), and Der p 23 (25.0%). The patients with AR and AA had a higher positive rate (43.4%) of sIgG4 than
that in the patients with AR (42.4%) and the patients with AA (20.4%; p = 0.043). In patients with AR, the positive rate of sIgE in Der p 1 (84.8%) was higher than that in sIgG4 (42.4%; p = 0.037), but the positive rate of sIgG4 in Der p 10 (21.2%) was higher than that
in sIgE (18.2%; p < 0.001). Most of the patients were positive for sIgE and sIgG4 of Der p 2 and Der p 10 at the same time. However, positive results for sIgE alone were just found in Der p 7 and Der p 21. Optimal scale analysis showed that Der p 2, Der p 7, and Der p 21 sIgG4
were closely related to AR and AA (Cronbach α = 0.917). Conclusion: Herein, the D. pteronyssinus allergen components showed different characteristics among the patients with AR, patients with AA, and patients with AR and AA in southern China. Thus, sIgG4
may be play an important role in allergic reactions.
Impact of penicillin allergy labels among pneumonia admissions at an academic children's center
Authors: Vitalpur Girish , Lahood Ryan , Kussin Michelle , Koenigsberg Rebecca , Huynh An , Kutala Nikita , Qiu Yingjie , Slaven James , Manaloor John
Published: March 2023

Background: Pneumonia is the most common reason for pediatric hospitalizations. The impact of penicillin allergy labels among children with pneumonia has not been well studied. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence and impact of penicillin allergy
labels among children admitted with pneumonia over a 3-year period at a large academic children's center. Methods: Inpatient charts of pneumonia admissions with a documented allergy to a type of penicillin from January to March in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were reviewed and
compared with pneumonia admissions without the label over the same time with regard to days of antimicrobial treatment, route of antimicrobial therapy, and days of hospitalization. Results: There were 470 admissions for pneumonia during this time period, of which 48 patients
(10.2%) carried a penicillin allergy label. Hives and/or swelling comprised 20.8% of the allergy labels. Other labels included nonpruritic rashes, gastrointestinal GI symptoms, unknown/undocumented reactions, or other reasons. There were no significant differences between those with a penicillin
allergy label to those without regarding days of antimicrobial treatment (inpatient and outpatient), route of antimicrobial therapy, and days of hospitalization. Those with a penicillin allergy label were less likely to be prescribed a penicillin product (p < 0.002). Of the 48 patients
who were allergy labeled, 23% (11/48) were given a penicillin medication without adverse reaction. Conclusion: Ten percent of pediatric admissions for pneumonia had a label of penicillin allergy, similar to the overall population. The hospital course and clinical outcome
were not significantly affected by the penicillin allergy label. The majority of documented reactions were of low risk for immediate allergic reactions.
Settlement of Conflicts of Successive Treaties: Problems in the Interpretation and Application of Article 30 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Authors:   Korea International Law Review, Park Pae Keun
Published: March 2023

Article 30 of the 1969 VCLT, the most important article in settling conflicts of successive treaties, contains many obscure aspects and problems related to the application. The word ‘successive’ translated into Korean is apt to cause misunderstanding. When we read the Korean text of the article, it should be kept in mind that the word ‘successive’ only means the earlier and later relation in time between different treaties. In Art. 30 of the VCLT, conflict of treaties is expressed as ‘incompatibility’ between an earlier treaty and a later treaty. In this paper, it is suggested that ‘conflict’ includes not only that among prescriptive norms but also that between prescriptive norms and permissive norms.
Art. 30 of the 1969 VCLT only applies to the conflicting successive treaties relating to the ‘same subject-matter’. It is a difficult theoretical problem how we can determine the sameness of the subject-matter of two treaties. It may be said that conflict of treaties occurs only when those treaties deal with the same subject-matter. Therefore, this theoretically difficult problem will not cause practical difficulty in the application of the Article.
When two successive separate treaties conflict with each other, Art. 30 will be applied. However, when the original treaty and amended treaty conflict with each other, Art. 40 will regulate the problem. Therefore, it is important to discern whether the two conflicting treaties are the original treaty and the amended treaty or not. If a later treaty is agreed upon through amendment procedures, that will be a strong implication that it is an amended treaty rather than a separate new treaty.
The last problem concerns the criterion to be used to determine which treaty is earlier or later between two conflicting treaties. As the adoption of the treaty represents the new legislative intention of the parties, the date of adoption will be the most reasonable criterion.
Örgütsel Maneviyat ve Psikolojik Sermayenin Duygusal Emek ve Stresle Başa Çıkma Üzerindeki Etkisi: İstanbul’da Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: NAZLI İpek , AKTAŞ Hakkı
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı; örgütsel maneviyat ve psikolojik sermayenin, duygusal emek ve stresle başa çıkma üzerindeki etkisinin, sağlık çalışanları örnekleminde incelenmesidir. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonrasında duygusal emek kavramının özellikle hizmet sektörü çalışanları örnekleminde incelendiği ve sağlık sektöründe duygusal emeğin yoğun olarak gerçekleşmesinden dolayı bu çalışmanın örneklem grubu olarak hastayla iletişim halinde olan sağlık çalışanları seçilmiştir. Örneklem seçimi kolayda örneklem metoduyla seçilmiş ve ulaşılabilen çalışma grubuna yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya toplamda 262 sağlık çalışanı katılmıştır. Araştırmada Basım ve Beğenirbaş (2012)’ın Türkçeye uyarladığı duygusal emek ölçeği; Şahin ve Durak (1995) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği; Çetin ve Basım (2012)’ın Türkçeye uyarladığı psikolojik sermaye ölçeği ve Petchsawang ve Duchon (2009) tarafından Asya bağlamında geliştirilen örgütsel maneviyat ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22.0 paket programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda psikolojik sermaye ve örgütsel maneviyat arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı, yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü ilişki bulunduğu görülmüştür. Duygusal emekle diğer değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamazken; stresle başa çıkmanın örgütsel maneviyat ve psikolojik sermayeyle pozitif yönlü ilişkisi saptanmıştır.
Aller en camp avec des élèves... pour leur transmettre des valeurs
Authors: Lanthemann Nicolas , Rumo Julien , Méard Jacques
Published: March 2023

Les camps sont des activités scolaires extra-muros particulièrement intéressantes en vertu du temps passé à vivre ensemble, des conditions et des lieux d’enseignements extraordinaires et de l’activité physique soutenue qui est engendrée. Dans ce contexte, les enseignants véhiculent des valeurs propres aux camps qui sont parfois difficiles à rendre visibles une fois la semaine terminée, et pourtant. En partant de cette problématique, ce texte présente une synthèse d’un atelier sur les valeurs, mené par des formateurs en éducation physique et sportive (EPS) de la Haute École Pédagogique du canton de Vaud dans le cadre d’une formation continue de deux jours destinée aux enseignants d’EPS intitulée « Et si l’on partait en camp ? ».
Les camps et sorties scolaires, un terreau propice à l’interdisciplinarité ?
Authors: Tonnetti Benoît , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Ce texte a pour but de réfléchir sur les liens possibles entre les moments particuliers que sont les camps et les sorties scolaires et la mise en place d’un enseignement interdisciplinaire. Pour cela, nous passerons par les valeurs, les contraintes ou encore les avantages inhérents à ces deux concepts et nous essayerons de réfléchir dans quelle mesure l’un et l’autre sont compatibles. En d’autres mots, l’interdisciplinarité peut-elle apporter une plus-value à ces moments hors cadre ? Et est-ce que les camps et les sorties scolaires sont des moments propices à l’interdisciplinarité ?
Quelle place pour l’outil numérique dans l’enseignement de l’éducation physique et sportive ?
Authors: Dubuis Damien , Jungo Gaëtan , Tinguely Joachim , Hagin Vincent
Published: March 2023

L’utilisation d’outils numériques en éducation physique et sportive (EPS), lorsque l’approche pédagogique est centrée sur les élèves, démontre des résultats positifs. Il est désormais reconnu que cette rétroaction vidéo permet le perfectionnement des habiletés motrices. Afin d’augmenter son efficacité, un feedback verbal de l’enseignant est attendu en complément. Le rôle de l’enseignant se trouve alors « augmenté » par l’apport de la technologie numérique. L’enseignement se voit amélioré et transformé. L’utilisation d’un modèle d’analyse, ici le SAMR afin de situer les étapes d’intégration de la technologie, s’avère nécessaire. Ainsi, élèves et enseignants ont la possibilité de suivre les mêmes étapes. En conclusion, l’apprentissage des élèves se trouve renforcé au travers de l’objectivation et de la représentation des tâches à perfectionner.
Quels sont les effets d’un jeu vidéo actif compétitif inter-équipes Play Lü sur l’intérêt en situation et l’activité physique des adolescents ?
Authors: Roure Cédric , Girod Guillaume , Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Fargier Patrick
Published: March 2023

Pour lutter contre l’inactivité physique des adolescents, des études ont montré que les jeux vidéo actifs (JVA) multi-joueurs proposant un affrontement entre deux équipes ont un impact (psychologique comme physiologique) supérieur à celui des JVA joués en solitaire. Cet impact a cependant été peu étudié dans le cas des JVA permettant un affrontement entre équipes durant la même session, en raison du faible nombre de dispositifs permettant ce mode de pratique. Le récent dispositif Play Lü® propose justement un mode multi-joueurs avec affrontement simultané de deux ou plusieurs équipes. Cette étude vise à rendre compte des effets d’une session Play Lü (15 min ; affrontement de deux équipes de trois joueurs) sur l’intérêt en situation et le degré d’activité physique de 128 adolescents (69 filles ; Mâge = 13.9±1.2 ans), en les comparant à ceux d’une session contrôle (sans Play Lü) utilisant les mêmes modalités de temps et d’équipes. Les résultats montrent que la session Play Lü a généré un intérêt en situation et une activité physique plus élevée.
Apprendre ensemble en éducation physique
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Editorial #6
Construire une relation privilégiée entre les apprentissages et l’activité physique
Authors: Vanluyten Kian , Roure Cédric , Ward Phillip , Iserbyt Peter
Published: March 2023

L’activité physique et les apprentissages sont deux éléments importants renvoyant aux objectifs de l’éducation physique. Cet article propose quelques conseils afin d’aider les enseignants à proposer des leçons permettant d’atteindre des niveaux élevés d’activité physique tout en maintenant une qualité d’instruction compatible avec les apprentissages des élèves. Ces conseils portent sur (1) les contenus d’enseignement pour savoir comment est géré l’enseignement de ces contenus et (2) la logique de développement de ces contenus au fil des leçons.
Connecter les leçons d’éducation physique avec les activités lors des cours de récréation pour augmenter l’activité physique des élèves
Authors: Cheng Shu , Roure Cédric , Seghers Jan , Iserbyt Peter
Published: March 2023

L’organisation mondiale de la santé recommande d’atteindre au moins 60 minutes d’activité physique modérée à vigoureuse par jour pour les élèves âgés de 5 à 17 ans. Cependant, de nombreuses études montrent que cet objectif n’est pas atteint. Cet article présente une voie prometteuse pour soutenir l’activité physique des élèves du primaire, en connectant les leçons d’éducation physique avec les activités vécues lors des temps de récréation. Des recommandations concrètes sont également présentées pour aider les enseignants d’éducation physique.
Les défis coopétitifs : accessibilité et apprentissage
Authors: Bovas Magali , Moreira Marco
Published: March 2023

Les capacités transversales du Plan d’études romand (PER) (collaboration, stratégies d’apprentissage, communication...) offrent un terrain d’application idéal pour penser l’hétérogénéité des élèves. Au cycle 1 a été développé un projet inspiré des défis « coopétitifs » (revue EPS) pour exercer la pensée créatrice dans une séquence jeu. Des cartes bonus/handicap permettent à l’équipe qui domine au score de choisir entre deux options : rendre la confrontation plus difficile ou permettre à l’autre équipe de bénéficier d’un avantage. La gestion des émotions suite à la victoire ou la défaite vécue à travers le corps constitue une piste intéressante pour développer des compétences psychosociales.
Les capacités transversales dans l’enseignement secondaire en éducation physique
Authors: Beetschen Jérémie
Published: March 2023

Dans cet article, nous présentons le point de vue d’un enseignant du secondaire, Jérémie Beetschen, quant à l’implémentation des capacités transversales dans son enseignement en éducation physique.

 

Jérémie est enseignant spécialiste d’éducation physique à Genève. Il a principalement enseigné dans le secondaire I. Depuis sa titularisation il a également pu suivre un CAS portant sur la supervision et le suivi de stagiaires. A ce titre, il est aujourd’hui en mesure de témoigner de pratiques très diverses observées chez les stagiaires qu’il a pu accueillir. Fort d’un historique long dans son établissement, il a également eu l’occasion de collaborer avec de nombreux collègues aux expériences très variées (certains en début et d’autres en fin de carrière). Il nous partage donc non seulement son expérience personnelle d’enseignement des CT, mais également ses observations quant à la façon dont ses collègues et ses stagiaires les appréhendent.
Disaster Nursing Perspective: Disaster Literacy
Authors:   RN, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Hospital Tokat, Turkey, A Karabey , N Aygün ,   RN, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Department of Emergency Medicine Nursing, Tokat, Turkey
Published: March 2023

Disaster literacy is the process of understanding, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating a disaster problem in detail, and making correct and conscious decisions at the end of the process. Nurses assume important roles and responsibilities at all stages of disasters with their technical skills and knowledge of epidemiology, physiology, pharmacology, cultural-family structures, and psychosocial issues. A disaster literate individual needs to have a basic understanding of their own needs, resources, and vulnerabilities. Attitudes and behaviors of individuals against disasters are an important factor in increasing or decreasing the damage that disasters may cause. It is important to create a disaster literate society to be protected from disasters and to overcome the damages that may come from disasters with as little loss of life and property as possible. In this context, the study aims to discuss disaster literacy within the scope of disaster nursing in the light of current literature.
Automated Fast-Flow Synthesis of C9orf72 Dipeptide Repeat Proteins
Authors: Sato Kohei , Farquhar Charlotte E. , Pentelute Bradley
Published: March 2023

An expansion of the hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat sequence in the chromosome 9 open frame 72 (c9orf72) is the most common genetic mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The mutation leads to the production of toxic dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) that induce neurodegeneration. However, the fundamental physicochemical properties of DPRs remain largely unknown due to their limited availability. Here, we synthesized the c9orf72 DPRs poly-glycine-arginine (poly-GR), poly-proline-arginine (poly-PR), poly-glycine-proline (poly-GP), poly-proline-alanine (poly-PA), and poly-glycine-alanine (poly-GA) using automated fast-flow peptide synthesis (AFPS) and achieved single-domain chemical synthesis of proteins with up to 200 amino acids. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the synthetic DPRs revealed that proline-containing poly-PR, poly-GP, and poly-PA could adopt polyproline II-like helical secondary structures. In addition, structural analysis by size-exclusion chromatography indicated that longer poly-GP and poly-PA might aggregate. Furthermore, cell viability assay showed that human neuroblastoma cells cultured with poly-GR and poly-PR with longer repeat length resulted in reduced cell viability, while poly-GP and poly-PA did not, thereby reproducing the cytotoxic property of endogenous DPRs. This research demonstrated the potential of AFPS to synthesize low-complexity peptides and proteins necessary for studying their pathogenic mechanisms and constructing disease models.
Biological auto(chemi)luminescence imaging of oxidative processes in human skin
Authors: Poplová Michaela , Prasad Ankush , Van Wijk Eduard , Pospíšil Pavel , Cifra Michal
Published: March 2023

Oxidative processes present across all types of organisms cause the chemical formation of electronically excited species with subsequent ultra-weak photon emission termed biological autoluminescence. Thus, imaging of this luminescence phenomenon using ultra-sensitive devices potentially enables monitoring of oxidative stress in optically accessible areas of the human body, such as skin. Although most of the works explored oxidative stress induced by UV light, for chemically induced stress, there is no quantified imaging of oxidative processes in human skin using biological autoluminescence under the controlled extent of oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, the mechanisms and dynamics of the biological autoluminescence from the skin are not fully explored. Here we demonstrate that different degrees of oxidative processes on the skin can be spatially resolved through non-invasive label-free biological autoluminescence imaging quantitatively. Additionally, to obtain insight into the underlying mechanisms, we developed and employed a minimal chemical model of skin based on a mixture of lipid, melanin, and water to show that it reproduces essential features of the response of real skin to oxidative stress. Our results contribute to novel, noninvasive photonic label-free methods for quantitative monitoring of oxidative processes and oxidative stress.
CO2 on Graphene: Benchmarking Computational Approaches to Non-Covalent Interactions
Authors: Ehlert Christopher , Piras Anna , Gryn'ova Ganna
Published: March 2023

Designing and optimising graphene-based gas sensors in silico entails constructing appropriate atomistic representations for the physisorption complex of an analyte on an infinite graphene sheet, then selecting accurate yet affordable methods for geometry optimisations and energy computations. In this work, diverse density functionals (DFs), coupled cluster theory, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) in conjunction with a range of finite and periodic surface models of bare and supported graphene were tested for their ability to reproduce experimental adsorption energies of CO2 on graphene in a low-coverage regime. Periodic results are accurately reproduced by the interaction energies extrapolated from finite clusters to infinity. This simple yet powerful scheme effectively removes size dependence from the data obtained using finite models, and the latter can be treated at more sophisticated levels of theory relative to periodic systems. While for small models inexpensive DFs such as PBE afford surprisingly good agreement with the gold standard of quantum chemistry, CCSD(T), interaction energies closest to experiment are obtained by extrapolating the SAPT results, and with non-local van der Waals functionals in the periodic setting. Finally, none of the methods and models reproduce the experimentally observed CO2 tilted adsorption geometry on Pt(111) support, calling for either even more elaborate theoretical approaches, or a revision of the experiment.
Genome mining in glass chemistry using linear component analysis of ion conductivity data
Authors: Pan Zhiwen , Dellith Jan , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: March 2023

Understanding the multivariate origin of physical properties is particularly complex for polyionic glasses. As a concept, the term genome has been used to describe the entirety of structure-property relations in solid materials, based on functional genes acting as descriptors for a particular property, for example, for input in regression analysis or other machine-learning tools. Here, we present the genes of ionic conductivity in polyionic sodium-conducting glasses as fictive chemical entities with a characteristic stoichiometry, derived from strong linear component analysis (SLCA) of a uniquely consistent dataset. SLCA is based on a twofold optimization problem that maximizes the quality of linear regression between a property (here: ionic conductivity) and champion candidates from all possible combinations of elements. Family trees and matrix rotation analysis are subsequently used to filter for essential elemental combinations, and from their characteristic mean composition, the essential genes. These genes reveal the intrinsic relationships within the multivariate input data. While they do not require a structural representation in real space, we finally demonstrate how possible structural interpretations agree with intuitive understanding of structural entities known from spectroscopic experiments.
Amination of a Green Solvent via Immobilized Biocatalysis for the Synthesis of Nemtabrutinib
Authors: Prier Christopher K. , Camacho Soto Karla , Forstater Jacob H. , Kuhl Nadine , Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Cheung-Lee Wai Ling , Di Maso Michael J. , Eberle Claire M. , Grosser Shane T. , Ho Hsing-I , Hoyt Erik , Maguire Anne , Maloney Kevin M. , Makarewicz Amanda , McMullen Jonathan P. , Moore Jeffrey C. , Murphy Grant S. , Narsimhan Karthik , Pan Weilan , Rivera Nelo R. , Saha-Shah Anumita , Thaisrivongs David A. , Verma Deeptak , Wyatt Adeya , Zewge Daniel
Published: March 2023

Enzymes are capable of unique and selective transformations that can enable sustainable chemical production. While many industrial processes have been developed using free enzymes in aqueous solutions, immobilizing enzymes on a solid support can offer considerable advantages, including improved reaction efficiency, enzyme stability, the ability to perform reactions in non-aqueous media, and simplified separation of product from enzyme. Herein, we describe the development of a biocatalytic transaminase reaction of CyreneTM (2) utilizing an immobilized, evolved transaminase enzyme in an organic solvent to provide amine intermediate 3a en route to the Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor nemtabrutinib. Enzyme immobilization is critical to facile isolation of the water-soluble product. Improved reaction kinetics and diastereoselectivity were achieved by bridging directed enzyme evolution with the selection of an optimal reaction solvent and solid support for immobilization, enabling a unified solvent system and direct isolation of 3a as a crystalline salt with dr > 50:1.
BF3.Et2O Promoted Electrophilic Sulfinylation and Spirocyclization of Biaryl Ynones: Access to SOAr-Containing Spiro[5.5]trienones
Authors: Roy Barnali , Kuila Puspendu , Jha Sangam , Sarkar Debayan
Published: March 2023

A simple sulfinylated cascade transformation has remained largely underexplored. Herein, we disclose a detail and unified strategy of BF3.Et2O promoted cascade addition/dearomatization spiro-cyclization of biaryl ynones with aryl sulfinic acid. This approach provides a wide variety of functionalized spirotrienones in mild conditions and moderate to high yield at room temperature. A detailed mechanistic study has been carried out to prove cationic process.
An Architype-Cation-Based Room Temperature Ionic Liquid: Aliphatic-Primary-Ammonium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide as An Additive for Hole Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells Allowing Spontaneous Passivation of The Perovskite Layer
Authors: Nishimura Naoyuki , Tachibana Hiroaki , Kanda Hiroyuki , Murakami Takurou. N.
Published: March 2023

While the architype room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) based on aliphatic-primary-ammonium was discovered in 1914, it has been undeveloped until 1990s. In this three decades, RTIL composition (i.e., cations and anions) have been developed aiming at electrochemical application and green chemistry. Accordingly, bulky quaternary-ammonium, pyridine, and imidazole have nowadays been the major cations of RTILs. Currently, novel applications using the matured series of RTILs are being highly explored, and one of the promising targets is an additive for hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, although design of RTIL should be modified along each application, RTILs for the PSCs application so far has remained conventional, which limits the function. Herein, a novel RTIL comprising the architype aliphatic-primary-ammonium (i.e., n-octyl-ammonium: OA) cation and a modern Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide (TFSI) anion, which are designed as an additive for hole transport layer in PSCs, was successfully synthesized for the first time. The OA cation spontaneously and densely passivated perovskite layer taking advantage of the accessibility to its cationic moiety, and simultaneously TFSI anion most likely effectively stabilized cationic radical of HTM owing to the absence of the counter cation in HTM core regime, leading to effective hole correction and thereby power conversion efficiency of 22.9% in the best cell. This work sheds light on importance of RTIL design along each application, even out of the current trend, and will help further development of various material science fields including PSCs.
Efficient C(sp3)-H carbonylation of light and heavy hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide via HAT photocatalysis in flow
Authors: Raymenants Fabian , Masson Tom , San Jose Orduna Jesus , Noel Timothy
Published: March 2023

Despite their abundance in organic molecules, considerable limitations still exist in synthetic methods that target the direct C-H functionalization at sp3-hybridized carbon atoms. This is even more the case for light alkanes, which bear some of the strongest C-H bonds known in Nature, requiring extreme activation conditions that are not tolerant to most organic molecules. To bypass these issues, synthetic chemists rely on prefunctionalized alkyl halides or organometallic coupling partners. However, new synthetic methods that target regioselectively C-H bonds in a variety of different organic scaffolds would be of great added value, not only for the late-stage functionalization of biologically active molecules but also for the catalytic upgrading of cheap and abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks. Here, we describe a general, mild and scalable protocol which enables the direct C(sp3)-H carbonylation of saturated hydrocarbons, including natural products and light alkanes, using photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and gaseous carbon monoxide (CO). Flow technology was deemed crucial to enable high gas-liquid mass transfer rates and fast reaction kinetics, needed to outpace deleterious reaction pathways, but also to leverage a scalable and safe process.
Excited State Electronic Structure and Dynamics in Diblock pi-Conjugated Oligomers
Authors: Schanze Kirk , Gobeze Habtom , Martinez Daniel
Published: March 2023

The excited state electronic structure and ultrafast energy transfer in two diblock oligomers F3-TBT and F3-mP-TBT was explored (F3 = tri-(9,9-dioctylfluorene), TBT = 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, mP = meta-phenylene). These diblock oligomers feature strongly coupled, pi-conjugated F3 and TBT segments that have different bandgaps. In F3-TBT, the two conjugated chromophores are directly linked whereas in F3-mP-TBT the chromophores are spaced by a meta-linked phenylene unit. The oligomers excited state dynamics were probed by steady-state UV-visible absorption, fluorescence and excitation wavelength dependent ultrafast time resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to provide insight concerning the electronic structure of the oligomers. The diblock oligomers feature distinct absorption bands due to transitions mainly localized on the F3 (high energy) and TBT (low energy) segments. Time-dependent DFT calculations support the assignments of the electronic transitions. Ultrafast TA spectroscopy with excitation corresponding to the low energy TBT unit reveals that the initial excitation is localized on TBT and does not vary with time. By contrast, excitation corresponding to high energy F3 produces an excited state that evolves rapidly (200 300 fs) into the lower energy state that is localized on the TBT chromophore. The ultrafast process is attributed to relaxation of an excited state that is predominantly localized on F3 into a lower energy state that is localized on TBT. The extent of delocalization of the initial state and the rate of relaxation depends on the extent of electronic coupling between the F3 and TBT segments.
A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, behaviour and preventive measures for COVID-19 infection in Lebanon
Authors: Sakr Fouad , Maalouf Anna , Msallem Elissa , Issa Aline , Nehme Jessica , Hoteit Maha , Hleyhel Mira , Salameh Pascale
Published: March 2023

Background: The World Health Organization has often reiterated its recommendations for the prevention of COVID-19, however, the success of these measures largely depends on public knowledge and attitudes. Aims: This study assessed the relationship between knowledge, attitude, behaviour and preventive measures for COVID-19 infection in a Lebanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2020 using the snowball sampling technique and an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had 4 parts targeting sociodemographic characteristics; medical history; knowledge, attitude and practices (preventive measures and behaviours related to COVID-19); and mental health variables such as psychological distress. Two models were derived using multivariable binomial logistic regression to optimize the picture of COVID-19 correlates. Results: Our sample comprised 1119 adults. Being older, female, a regular alcohol consumer, waterpipe smoker, having low level of education, low family income, and having contact with a COVID-19 patient correlated with increased odds of ever having been diagnosed with COVID-19. Participants who had ever been diagnosed with COVID-19 had a significantly better knowledge and a higher risky practice scale [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 1.49; 95% CI 1.27–1.74; P < 0.001; and ORa = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.08; P = 0.024, respectively]. Conclusion: The most important predictors of COVID-19 infection appear to be generally well-known among the general population, however, their knowledge and adherence to preventive measures should be continuously re-evaluated. This study highlights the need for greater awareness to improve precautionary behaviours among the public.
An Analysis of Politeness Strategies Used by Kit Connor in the Heart Stopper Series
Authors: Puspitorini Ferawaty , Hamdani Haris
Published: March 2023

In social situations, people must be able to recognize the faces of others to respond to emotions and maintain relationships. People are supposed to utilize politeness strategies to save their faces. The purpose of this research is to explain the different functions and kinds of politeness strategies utilized by Kit Connor in the television show The Heart Stopper. This study falls under discourse analysis and employs Brown and Levinson's theory of politeness strategies. In the form of utterances and words, this data is the script for the television series The Heart Stopper. According to our findings, Kit Connor's politeness strategy is used in 37 utterances. She used the baldness strategy 18.9% or 7 times of the time, positive politeness 54% or 20 times of the time, negative politeness 24.4% or 9 times of the time, and informally used 24.4% or 1 time of the time.2.7% used. Kit Connor's favourite politeness strategy is the "offer and promise" part of the positive politeness strategy. The strategy is employed 18.9%, or 7 times of the time. Generally, he employs politeness strategies in his daily life to maintain and build positive relationships with others
On the Issue of the Turnover of Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors:   All-Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, 117638 Russia, Tsareva A.E.
Published: March 2023

This article studies various forms and methods of using artificial intelligence systems in civil legal relations. It also considers a correlation between the concepts of civil, economic, and digital civil turnover. Special attention is paid to the turnover of artificial intelligence systems as an economic benefit enjoyed by their creators. The analysis of the existing approaches to understanding the legal nature of artificial intelligence shows that the Russian legal doctrine currently defines artificial intelligence as an object of law. The rights to an artificial intelligence system as an object of civil turnover are specified. The features of this turnover are revealed. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that virtual goods can be involved in the turnover only if they are associated with an economic (property) value because the latter determines whether there is actual demand in them among the participants of the property turnover and sets out its role in the property turnover. Possible amendments to the civil legislation and regulation of the transfer of the rights to the artificial intelligence system as a complex object of intellectual property are discussed.
Transfobia en las disidencias sexuales: la discriminación que no se ve
Authors: Gómez Herrera Fernanda Abigail
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar de manera integral la transfobia, en su definición y manifestaciones, con el propósito de rastrear, describir y clasificar prácticas y discursos transfóbicos hacia las poblaciones trans en sus relaciones cotidianas con la comunidad LGB (Lésbico, Gay, Bisexual).1 Empleando una metodología de orientación cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas semidirigidas a cuatro personas trans jóvenes universitarias y activistas, y a tres jóvenes LGB también universitarias y asociadas con el activismo. Se concluye que existen prácticas transfóbicas entre personas LGB y hacia la comunidad trans, aun cuando no sean “intencionadas”. En ese sentido, se presenta una propuesta de tipología como herramienta de análisis para agrupar y clasificar las manifestaciones transfóbicas.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos y la gamificación para generar el aprendizaje activo en los estudiantes
Authors: Villacís Macías Carolina , Zea Silva Cecilia , Campuzano Rodríguez Sandra , Chifla Villón Mario
Published: March 2023

En la actualidad el uso de las Tics, se ha incorporado en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad en especial en el educativo, pues el avance y desarrollo tecnológico nunca ha sido estático ya que con el transcurso de los años siempre hay una nueva metodología o herramienta web que incide de manera significativa y de gran impacto en el desarrollo del conocimiento. El principal propósito de este artículo de investigación, es de lograr aprendizajes dinámicos impartido por los docentes y que despierte el interés de los educandos, a través, de diseñar una propuesta metodológica en base a un manual, mediante la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos, enlazadas con actividades gamificadas que permitirán optimizar el proceso de aprendizaje de los educandos. Esta propuesta metodológica permitirá al docente tener a su alcance una base guía, no solo para emitir contenidos al impartir sus clases, sino que los mismos puedan ser incluidos con una variedad de actividades gamificadas que permitan crear un aprendizaje autónomo y dirigido, donde los educandos se sientan parte activa en la construcción del conocimiento. Al incorporar el ABP con la gamificación en la contextualización del conocimiento, permitirá promover un aprendizaje multidisciplinar, para luego diseñar un producto final donde se podrá evidenciar el nivel de aprendizaje, las destrezas y habilidades desarrolladas que ha obtenido el estudiante de manera exitosa y que será un beneficio para toda la comunidad educativa
Evaluating the effect of storyline theme on cognitive learning development of children and adolescents
Authors: Souriyan Reyhanipoor Fatemeh , Soleymani Zahra , Ghojehzadeh Alireza
Published: March 2023

Children and adolescents are active learners who are influenced by their environment. Many theories are suggested in this regard, but one of these theories is Piaget's theory of cognitive learning development (CLD). This theory was applied in a book titled "why did the river fall silent" by Tamer, which has been translated into several different languages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of storyline theme on CLD of children and adolescents according to the Tamer's stories. This would be considered by academic managers and researchers in the field of children and adolescent training and can be modeled on it. The research findings indicate that, theme of storyline would allow children and adolescents to think about the events and understand the experiences, so these features would possibly transmit to children and adolescents when they are expressed in an intelligent way through fascinating theme; besides, this feature would possibly create emotional tension and present mental challenges, which tend to promote CLD in children and adolescents.
Estudio preliminar de micorrizas arbusculares presente en Phytelephas aequatorialis localizado en tres agroecosistemas costeros
Authors: Naranjo Jaime , Mora-González Andy , Oviedo-Anchundia Rodrigo , Naranjo-Torres Harold , Flores-Cedeño José , Barcos-Arias Milton
Published: March 2023

La tagua, Phytelephas aequatorialis Spruce (Arecaceae) es una palma caracterizada por ser dioica y crece en la región tropical de Ecuador, donde su población ha disminuido debido a la expansión agrícola y a su lenta regeneración. En la actualidad, se desconoce la flora circundante a ella y la rizósfera que podría estar asociada con su adaptación a diferentes nichos ecológicos. Evaluar la presencia de micorrizas arbusculares asociados a tagua, en tres agroecosistemas de P. aequatorialis en el litoral ecuatoriano. Las muestras de suelo y raíces fueron recolectadas alrededor de la planta de tagua en agroecosistemas mixtos en las localidades rurales del cantón Milagro, Guayaquil y Jipijapa, además se determinó la composición florística mediante la toma de fotos e identificación en el sitio de las especies vegetales en un radio de 2 m. La abundancia de esporas fue mayor en el agroecosistema Guayaquil con 550 esporas por cada 100 g de suelo, seguido por el agroecosistema Milagro con 221 esporas por cada 100 g de suelo. El agroecosistema Milagro alcanzó 63 % en el porcentaje de colonización micorrízica en comparación a Guayaquil y Jipijapa, quienes obtuvieron 51 y 48 % respectivamente. Los resultados muestran la presencia de micorrizas arbusculares con distinta intensidad en los tres agroecosistemas de P. aequatorialis estudiados, sin embargo, la composición florística y las condiciones ambientales pueden tener influencia en el desarrollo de la colonización micorrízica.
Diseño de una crema cosmética con Salvia Hispánica L. (Chía) y quitosano
Authors: García Viviana , Estrella Amaya Ivone Estefanía
Published: March 2023

El desarrollo de formulaciones a partir de ingredientes naturales es un desafío actual de industria cosmética. La Salvia hispanica (chía) es una planta herbácea que se consume hace miles de años debido a su alto valor nutritivo y sus amplias propiedades promotoras de la salud. El quitosano, es un biopolímero conocido por sus grandes aplicaciones en la cosmética debido a sus propiedades biológicas y tecnológicas. El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar una crema cosmética a partir del aceite de la semilla de Salvia Hispánica L. (Chía) y quitosano a través del diseño de experimentos. Se determinaron algunos parámetros de calidad del aceite chía mostrando resultados satisfactorios. Se diseñó una crema (o/w) con empleo del diseño de mezcla D-optimal de tres componentes con restricciones: ácido esteárico, alcohol cetílico y agua. Las variables respuesta fueron pH y extensibilidad. Los datos se ajustaron a modelos lineales obteniendo una significación p < 0,05, pérdida de ajuste p>0,05 y R2 ajustado próximo a 1. Además, se realizaron pruebas de ciclo stress congelación – descongelación y centrifugación. La evaluación sensorial preliminar realizada a las formulaciones seleccionadas mostró buen grado de aceptación. No se evidenció crecimiento bacteriano, ni fúngico en el análisis microbiológico de las preparaciones.
Plan acción seguridad e higiene en centros de alojamiento de turistas en tiempo de post COVID-19
Authors: Cruz Baylon Claudia Janine , GONZALES JARA CAROLINA INES
Published: March 2023

Los establecimientos de alojamiento de turistas hoy más que nunca deben de ofrecer orientaciones prácticas de vigilancia y protección durante la estancia debido a la inevitable interacción entre empleados y huéspedes en esta nueva normalidad. El propósito del estudio fue proponer un Plan acción centrado en la seguridad e higiene en centros de alojamiento de turistas en tiempos de post COVID-19. El estudio se configuró dentro del enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo proyectivo, contando con una muestra intencional de 53 personas que laboran en el alojamiento. El instrumento implementado fue PRESEHI-21 creado por la investigadora, con una escala de likert de 25 ítems, se validó mediante el juicio de expertos y una confiabilidad alta. Los resultados evidenciaron una baja y moderada seguridad e higiene para prevenir los riesgos de contagio del virus COVID-19. Demostrando la necesidad de una guía o plan que facilite el cumplimiento de normas de seguridad e higiene en el centro de alojamiento. Concluyendo que el Plan acción centrado en la seguridad e higiene en centros de alojamiento de turistas es una herramienta cuyas acciones permiten mejorar y controlar los procesos en función al resguardo, cuidado de la salud de quienes se encuentran laborando y disfrutando de las instalaciones.