bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Food-Labeling and Advertising Law Banning Competitive Food and Beverages in Chilean Public Schools, 2014–2016
Authors: Massri Camila , Sutherland Sofía , Källestål Carina , Peña Sebastián
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the impact of a national law banning sales of competitive food and beverages (CF&B) in schools on the availability of CF&B sold at school kiosks.

Methods. This study was uncontrolled before and after study. We evaluated public schools in Santiago de Chile (n = 21; 78% response rate) in 2014 and 2016 (6 months after the law came into force). Trained personnel collected data on calories, total sugars, saturated fat, and sodium from food labels. The outcome was the percentage of foods exceeding the cutoff levels defined in the law and the mean difference between 2014 and 2016.

Results. Foods exceeding any cutoffs decreased from 90.4% in 2014 to 15.0% in 2016. Solid products had a substantial reduction in calories, sugar, saturated fat, and sodium. Liquid products had a reduction in calories, total sugar, and saturated fat, whereas sodium increased. This was a result of changes in product mix.

Conclusions. A ban on sales of CF&B reduced the availability of CF&B at Santiago’s school kiosks. Further research should examine the impact of this ban on food intake and health outcomes.
Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Prevalence of Maltreatment: Evidence From a New Zealand Birth Cohort
Authors: Rouland Bénédicte , Vaithianathan Rhema , Wilson Denise , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To document ethnic disparities in childhood abuse and neglect among New Zealand children.

Methods. We followed the 1998 New Zealand birth cohort of 56 904 children through 2016. We determined the cumulative childhood prevalence of reports to child protective services (CPS), substantiated maltreatment (by subtype), and out-of-home placements, from birth to age 18 years, by ethnic group. We also developed estimates stratified by maternal age and community deprivation levels.

Results. We identified substantial ethnic differences in child maltreatment and child protection involvement. Both Māori and Pacific Islander children had a far greater likelihood of being reported to CPS, being substantiated as victims, and experiencing an out-of-home placement than other children. Across all levels of CPS interactions, rates of Māori involvement were more than twice those of Pacific Islander children and more than 3 times those of European children.

Conclusions. Despite long-standing child support policies and reparation for breaches of Indigenous people’s rights, significant child maltreatment disparities persist. More work is needed to understand how New Zealand’s public benefit services can be more responsive to the needs of Indigenous families and their children.
Standardization of State Definitions for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Surveillance and the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Chiang Katelyn V. , Okoroh Ekwutosi M. , Kasehagen Laurin J. , Garcia-Saavedra Luigi F. , Ko Jean Y.
Published: July 2019

Rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have increased fivefold in the past decade. To address this expanding and complex issue, state public health agencies have addressed the opioid crisis affecting newborns in diverse ways, leading to a variety of methods to quantify the burden of NAS.

In an effort to understand this variability, we summarized clinical case and surveillance definitions used across jurisdictions in the United States. We confirmed that the rapid progression of the nation’s opioid crisis resulted in heterogeneous processes for identifying NAS. Current clinical case definitions use different combinations of clinician-observed signs of withdrawal and evidence of perinatal substance exposure. Similarly, there is discordance in diagnosis codes used in surveillance definitions. This variability makes it difficult to produce comparable estimates across jurisdictions, which are needed to effectively guide public health strategies and interventions.

Although standardization is complicated, consistent NAS definitions would increase comparability of NAS estimates across the nation and would better guide prevention and treatment efforts for women and their infants.
Ensuring Compliance With Quarantine by Undocumented Immigrants and Other Vulnerable Groups: Public Health Versus Politics
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. , Coughlin Christine N.
Published: July 2019

A successful quarantine requires a high rate of compliance by individuals with potential exposure to a communicable disease.

Many individuals would be reluctant to comply with a quarantine because they fear that contact with government officials will place them in legal, personal, or economic jeopardy. These include undocumented immigrants and individuals with a substance use disorder. For a quarantine to succeed, individuals must be granted temporary immunity from arrest, deportation, or similar adverse consequences, but doing so will be politically unpopular.

We argue that public health considerations must take precedence over politics in protecting the health of the public.
Rabí JOSEPH B. SOLOVEICHIK, Maimónides, entre la filosofía y la Halajá, traducción de Javier Guerrero, Barcelona, Alpha Decay, 2018
Authors: Ortiz de Landázuri Carlos
Published: July 2019

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MANUEL LÁZARO PULIDO, FRANCISCO LEÓN FLORIDO, ESTÍBALIZ MONTORO MONTERO (eds.), Pensar la Edad Media cristiana: la presencia de la teología medieval en el pensamiento moderno, Madrid, Sindéresis, 2018
Authors: Arbesú David
Published: July 2019

Este nuevo volumen de la Colección Biblioteca de Humanidades Salmanticensis (Serie Filosofía)  es  el  segundo  de  una  serie  de  libros  sobre  filosofía  medieval  cuyo  título comien2a por 9ensar fa Kdad Media xristiana.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in endothelial cells under low shear stress
Authors: Ren Peile , Zhao Yiwei , Yang Pan , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei
Published: July 2019

Shear stress (SS) affects the morphology, migration, differentiation, and proliferation of endothelial cells, and regulates protein expression. The objective of this study was to perform a proteomic analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under low SS. HUVEC lines were cultured on glass slides (test group n=30; control group n=30) and transferred to a parallel-plate flow chamber. The test group was subjected to low SS at 4.58 dyne/cm2 for 2 hours, and the control group was maintained under static conditions. Approximately 2×107 cells were collected from each group and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The proteins from each spot were identified by mass spectrometry. The biological functions and processes associated with the identified proteins were evaluated using the NCBInr, SwissProt, and DAVID databases. The protein expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, filamin B, Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran), and talin were assessed by Western blotting. A total of 234 proteins were analyzed; 14 proteins were upregulated and 78 were downregulated in the test group compared with the control group. The expression of 14-3-3 proteins, annexin I, annexin II, zyxin, filamin A, and filamin B was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of Ran and talin was significantly increased in the test group. It is known that SS induces the remodeling of endothelial cells by modulating protein expression. However, the mechanisms underlying this modulation are unknown. The present results provide evidence that SS changes the protein profile of HUVECs.
Survival analysis of radical prostatectomy and brachytherapy in the treatment of early-stage localized prostate cancer
Authors: Xie Qun , Li Huafu , Ye Xiao , Xu Ya , Yuan Xiaoxu
Published: July 2019

Objective

Brachytherapy is minimally invasive with few complications, so may be a good alternative to surgery for patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer at different stages.

Methods

A total of 16532 patients pathologically diagnosed with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and 16627 patients who underwent brachytherapy between 2010 and 2012 were collected through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Stat software. These patients were randomly matched based on age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level at first diagnosis, and were divided into five subgroups, including G2T1c, G3T1c, G2T2a, G3T2a and G3T3b. Differences in survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and compared by log-rank test.

Results

The overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific death time (PCSDT) in the radical prostatectomy group at G3T1c stage were significantly longer than in the brachytherapy group (P<0.05), and OS, but not PCSDT, was longer than the brachytherapy group at G2T2a stage (P=0.02). But at the G2T1c, G3T2a and G3T3b stages OS and PCSDT were not significantly different between the two treatments (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The radical prostatectomy prognosis was superior to brachytherapy in the treatment of early-stage low-risk localized prostate cancer, whereas there was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients with moderate or high-risk localized prostate cancer.
The SOCIO-Demography AND patients’ knowledge, attitudes and practice with regards to hypertension among a group of female hypertensiveS followed up in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ralapanawa Udaya , Bandara Milinda , Tennakoon Sampath , Wickramasurendra Noorika , Dissanayake Chandira , Bandara Ravinath
Published: July 2019

Background

Hypertension is a silent killer. Differences between men and women in the pathophysiology, risks, and treatment of essential hypertension have been noted for many years. The aim of this study was to describe the socio-demography and knowledge, attitude and practice with regards to hypertension among female hypertensives.

Methodology

This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at Teaching Hospital Peradeniya. Data was collected by an interviewer administered structured questionnaire, and epidemiological patterns, risk factors and outcome were analyzed.

Results

113(43.4%) had at least one sibling while 102(39.1%) had at least one parent with hypertension. Mean BMI was 25.10 kg/m2 and mean waist circumference was 90.92cm. 60.3% were either overweight or obese. 67.6% had adequate amount of physical activity. History of PIH is reported in 17.69% of patients.

Conclusion

Majority of patients were currently on either ACEI or ARBs followed by diuretics. There is a delay in diagnosing hypertension and stresses the importance of early screening. Overweight and obesity is a significant problem. Majority of patients having target blood pressure control and good awareness about hypertension related complications.
Innate lymphoid cells at the maternal-fetal interface: Implications in preterm labor
Authors: Mendes João Fernando Pereira , Santos Paulo Rodrigues , Areia Ana , Almeida Jani Sofia , Alves Vera , Santos-Rosa Manuel , Mota-Pinto Anabela
Published: July 2019

Background: Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is commonly accepted that the act of giving birth is the final step in a proinflammatory signaling cascade, orchestrated by an intrauterine milieu coupled to hormonal cues. Consequently, the inflammatory process plays a pivotal role during the pathogenesis of human labor, both in term and preterm deliveries. The aim of this work was to analyze the abilities of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), specifically ILC3 NCR- cells, to act as proinflammatory mediators and to elucidate their role in pregnancy. Accordingly, we hypothesize that altered ILC numbers may prompt preterm labor (PTL). Methods: We analyzed thirteen full term labor (FTL) and seven PTL pregnant women for the presence of ILCs. ILCs were isolated and characterized from maternal peripheral blood, maternal-fetal interface, and cord blood samples, using flow cytometry. For group analysis, two-way ANOVA was performed. Each data set was analyzed using student t-test with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A tendency for decreased ILCs numbers in PTL samples compared to those in FTL samples was observed. Additionally, ILC3 NCR- cells were significantly increased in both PTL and FTL groups, when compared to ILC3NCR+. Conclusion: Our results support a potential inflammatory role of ILC3 NCR- in the instigation of labor. Moreover our work highlights the importance of ILCs actions in the regulation of labor.
MEDICAL COST AND OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURE FOR PRETERM INFANTS: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Thi Binh An , Hoang Phuong Minh , Phan Phuc Huu , Eeuwijk Peter van , Fink Günther
Published: July 2019

Background

The large health costs associated with preterm births have been well documented in high income countries. Relatively little data on this issue is currently available from developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess private and public costs associated with preterm births in Vietnam.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used medical and financial data from one provincial and one national hospital in Vietnam. Cost data for all infants discharged from the two hospitals in 2017 was collected and analyzed.

Results

Average total medical cost per child was USD 1643.52 in the national hospital and USD 668.94 in the provincial hospital. Mean medical out-of-pocket expenditure was USD 60 at the national hospital. No medical out-of-pocket expenditure was reported at the provincial hospital when parents complied with national health insurance policies. Substantial out-of-pocket expenditure was incurred by those who bypassed lower-level facilities. Parents seeking care at specialized hospitals without medical authorization paid on average an additional USD 240, which equates to 111% of the average monthly wage in Vietnam.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the average medical costs of preterm infants in Vietnam are substantial. The average co-payment for families who complied with national health insurance policy was USD 39. The average out-of-pocket costs of preterm infants who bypassed lower-level facilities without referral authorization were about six times higher than those of infants who had a proper transfer.
GUCY2D Gene Loss-of-Function Mutations Responsible for Leber Congenital Amaurosis 1
Authors: Xue Feng , Wei Tianying , Sun Junhui , Luo Yuqin , Huo Yanan , Yu Ping , Chen Jiao , Wei Xiaoming , Qi Ming , Ye Yinghui
Published: July 2019

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of severe congenital neurodegenerative diseases. Variants in guanylate cyclase 2D (GUCY2D), which encoded guanylate cyclase protein (ROS-GC1) associate with LCA1, accounting for 6–21% of all LCA cases.
Methods: In this study, one family with LCA1 was recruited from China. A combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing was used for disease-causing mutations screening. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and HPLC-coupled tandem mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to confirm the cellular location and catalytic activity of ROS-GC1 mutants, respectively.
Results: We found three novel mutations (c.139_139delC, c.835G>A and c.2783G>A) in GUCY2D gene. The results showed that mutation c.139_139delC results in a truncated protein and destroys the structure of ROS-GC1 protein. Mutations c.835G>A and c.2783G>A exert no effects on cellular location, whereas significantly reduce the catalytic activity of ROS-GC1.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the clinical range of LCA. Moreover we used HPLC-MS/MS to analyze the concentration of 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), suggesting that HPLC-MS/MS can be an effective alternative method to evaluate the catalytic activity of wild type (wt) and mutant ROS-GC1.
A Survey on Mental Health Status and Related Factors among Cancer Patients in Iran
Authors: taheri masood , Afshari Mahnaz , alidoost saeede , Gorji Hassan Abolghasem , Rakhshan Amir
Published: July 2019

Background

Cancer is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and the second cause of death in Iran. The progress in medical technologies and treatment plans has caused the patients to live longer; however, these patients are confronted with psychological challenges and their mental health is influenced because of different reasons. This study is carried out to investigate the mental health status of the cancer patients in the Center for Specific Diseases.

Methods

The present research is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study carried out in 2018 in Tehran province, Iran. In the present study, the mental health of the cancer patients referring to the Center for Specific Diseases in Tehran was evaluated in one setting, and no intervention was provided. The research population included 124 cancer patients of Tehran referring to the Center for Specific Diseases.

Results

the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients under study was 50%. The highest sensitivity to mental disorders in each of the variables was related to men (52.7%), patients aging 40-55 (45.7%), married (51.5%), unemployed (62.5%), and illiterate patients (80%). The findings of this study indicated that there is no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients with cancer and the variables in the study.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of depression disorder among cancer patients. Psychosocial stresses caused by cancer cause mental disorders, including depression in patients.
miR-1269a promotes tumor growth and progression of liver cancer via regulating Rbms3/c-Myc axis
Authors: Li Yanfei , Zhou Yajie , Ma Linlin , Dai Zhensheng , Shen Junwei
Published: July 2019

Background: MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating liver cancer formation, progression and metastasis. miR-1269a, a cancer associated miRNA, its role in liver cancer is still unclear.
Methods: The clinical, survival and miR-1269a expression of both liver cancer and normal tissues were analyzed from the TCGA database. The effects of miR-1269a on liver cancer cells were investigated through cell counting kit-8 assay, Ki67 immunofluorescence staining and animal models (Balb/c nude mice). The interaction between miR-1269a and Rbms3 was investigated via luciferase reporter assay.
Results: Here, we showed that miR-1269a was highly expressed in primary patient tumor tissues using the TCGA database. miR-1269a inhibition through overexpressing its sponge in HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly repressed cell proliferation, but had no effect on cell apoptosis and migration. Through directly targeting the 3’ untranslated region, miR-1269a inhibits Rbms3 expression. Rbms3 inhibition promoted the expression of c-Myc, resulting in the increased proliferation of liver cancer cells.
Conclusions: Our results reveal a novel miR-1269a/Rbms3/c-Myc axis, which plays a critical role in liver tumor growth and progression, and may serve as a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of liver cancer, as well as a possible therapeutic target in liver cancer treatments.
Anais II COPB - II Congresso de Odontologia da Paraíba
Authors: Marinho Emiliano , Holanda Diógenes , Peixoto Larissa Rangel , Neves Gabriella de Vasconcelos , Santos Thayana Karla Guerra Lira dos
Published: July 2019

EditorialCaro(a) Leitor(a)A odontologia passou a transcender os limites do clínico e consultório, o II Congresso de Odontologia da Paraíba nos trouxe novos ares de conhecimento e inovação, norteado em evidências e grandes nomes, que tanto engrandeceram nosso evento. Desta forma fizemos história nos tornando o maior do Nordeste, integramos a aproximação das diferentes especialidades odontológicas junto a sua inter-relação clara, concisa e fundamentada a diferentes abordagens, com uma nova proposta de congresso integrado. Esse é o COPB!Emiliano Marinho - PresidenteII COPB - II Congresso de Odontologia da Paraíba
Influence of Water Management and Nitrogen Application on Rice Root and Shoot Traits
Authors: Xu Guo‐wei , Song Ke‐jie , Lu Da‐Ke , Wang He‐Zheng , Chen Ming‐can
Published: July 2019

Soil water potential and fertilizer nutrients are the two main factors affecting rice growth and development. A soil‐grown experiment was conducted using mid‐season japonica rice cultivar Xudao 3 with three different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates: (i) none, (ii) moderate nitrogen (240 kg ha–1), and (iii) high nitrogen (360 kg ha–1) and three irrigation regimes: (i) submerged irrigation (0 kPa), (ii) alternate wetting and moderate drying (–20 kPa), and (iii) alternate wetting and severe drying (–40 kPa). In the same N level, root length, root dry weight, root activity (represented by root‐bleeding sap), net photosynthetic rates at main growth stages, and ATPase activity during the grain‐filling stage are higher under the treatment of alternate wetting and moderate drying, when compared with those of submerged irrigation. Meanwhile, non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) remobilization and shoot dry accumulation are also increased from heading to maturity, which contribute to higher grain yield and higher nitrogen‐use efficiency. In the same irrigation regime, root‐bleeding sap, NSC remobilization, and ATPase are increased significantly under the moderate‐N treatment compared with those of the high‐N treatment, which contribute to higher nitrogen‐use efficiency. However, no significant difference exists in grain yield and crop growth rate. These results indicate that the coordinated relationship between the root and shoot, especially increased root length, enhanced root‐bleeding sap, increased NSC remobilization, enhanced shoot dry accumulation, and ATPase activity during the grain‐filling stage, can promote rice yield and nitrogen‐use efficiency by using the appropriate nitrogen application and alternate wetting and moderate drying.

Core Ideas

Root and shoot traits were significantly different in response to irrigation regime and nitrogen level treatment.

Alternated wetting/moderate drying interacted with moderate N to coordinate the development of root and shoot.

Deeper roots increased root‐bleeding sap, NSC remobilization from stems to grain, and activity of grain sink.

Greater root length (via root‐shoot relationships) contribute to increased yield and enhanced N‐use efficiency.

Alternated wetting/drying irrigation with moderate N promotes grain filling and increased yield and N‐use.
Analysis of Sugars and Fatty Acids during Haustorium Development and Seedling Growth of Coconut
Authors: Li Jing , Htwe Yin Min , Wang Yong , Yang Yaodong , Wu Yi , Li Dongxia , Kareem Abdul , Wang Rencai
Published: July 2019

Haustorium absorbs energy from the endosperms (liquid and solid) and plays a key role in nutrient mobilization during coconut germination and seedling growth. This study was conducted to shed light on possible interactions between haustorium and endosperms during this process. Germination rates and morphological changes of coconut cultivars Hainan Tall (HT) and Red Dwarf (RD), as well as the profiles of sugars and fatty acids in endosperms and haustorium were also analyzed. Results showed that liquid and solid endosperm inside the coconut exhausts successively, while haustorium occupies the nut gradually. Haustorium had significant positive correlation with seedling, while it had significant negative correlation with liquid and solid endosperms. Sugars in liquid endosperm continuously decreased, whereas in solid endosperm and haustorium accumulated at early stages and decreased later along with the aggressive seedling growth. Fatty acids in solid endosperm shared a very similar trend with sugars. In conclusion, haustorium development and seedling growth mainly depend on the nutrients stored in the liquid endosperm at early stages and then depend on the solid endosperm, in which fatty acids degrade rapidly to sugar so as to provide enough energy. These findings could be applicable in coconut germination and seedling propagation.

Core Ideas

Relative cool season (25–29°C) is more suitable for coconut germination and local variety (HT) is more adaptable.

Development mainly depends on stored nutrients in liquid endosperm at early stages and then on solid endosperm.

Fatty acids in solid endosperm degrade rapidly to sugars since liquid endosperm almost exhausted.

Conversion of fatty acids to sugars helps provide enough energy for rapidly growing haustorium and seedling.
Soil Microbial and Chemical Properties of a Minimum and Conventionally Tilled Wheat–Fallow System
Authors: Reardon Catherine L. , Wuest Stewart B. , Melle Caroline J. , Klein Ann M. , Williams John D. , Barroso Judit , Long Dan S.
Published: July 2019

Tillage alters the soil environment and microbial communities responsible for decomposition and nutrient cycling. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tillage intensity (minimum vs. conventional) on the soil chemical and microbial properties of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow rotation in the low‐precipitation zone of the Pacific Northwest. Soils collected for 2 yr at two depths from both crop phases (wheat and fallow) were analyzed for pH, nutrient availability, total C and N, fungal and bacterial gene abundance, and enzyme activity related to C, P, and N cycling. All soil variables excluding soil pH were significantly greater in the top 10 cm of the soil. Except for pH and nitrate, all were greater in 2016 than in 2017. Across the full rotation, tillage did not affect any measured parameter. Instead, crop phase influenced several soil chemical properties and arylamidase activity, although the effects were not consistent across depth. Fungal abundance was influenced by tillage intensity but only in the top depth under wheat, indicating a phase‐specific effect rather than a change persisting across the entire rotation. Soil enzymes were strongly related to total C, total N, and phosphate across the two soil depths, but effects were inconsistent between depths and across phases. Overall, crop phase and year were stronger drivers of soil chemical and microbial properties than tillage intensity. Short‐term (<4 yr) tillage intensification does not have a strong influence on the nutrient cycling capacity of soil, although fungal numbers may decline in the cropped phase.

Core Ideas

Tillage intensification did not induce strong changes in soil properties.

Sample year and depth were significant factors impacting soil chemistry and biology.

Wheat‐cropped soil had more fungal DNA under minimum than conventional tillage.

Impacts of tillage were minor and limited to comparisons within each crop phase.
Factors Affecting Soil Total Mercury in Seasonal Pond Basins within a Northern Hardwood Forest in Minnesota, USA
Authors: Boche Mikayla J. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Kolka Randall K.
Published: July 2019

Forest canopies are sites for mercury (Hg) deposition, and forests can act as Hg sources to downstream aquatic environments. This study examined soil total Hg (THg), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) to 15 cm in 10 seasonal pond basins in a northern hardwood forest in Minnesota. Pools (mass per area) and concentrations (mass per soil mass) of THg to 15 cm were lower in uplands than in ponds, indicating downslope transport. In uplands, THg concentrations were the same at 0‐ to 2‐cm and 2‐ to 5‐cm depths and then decreased, whereas THg density (mass per volume) peaked at 2 to 5 cm, highlighting the importance of bulk density on mass. Carbon and N trends were similar to THg. Apart from pond centers, strong positive relationships between THg and C were observed. Upland slope length, graminoid cover, basin area, and tree height accounted for over half of THg variance at pond edge. Understanding the distribution, trends, and contributing factors of soil THg can further efforts toward immobilization and sequestration, thus minimizing the potential for bioaccumulation.

Core Ideas

THg uniform among basins in uplands with pond centers variable by substrate.

THg greatest at pond center and uniform among upland landscape positions.

Positive THg relationships with C and N, except organic pond centers.

Upland THg concentration peaked at 0 to 5 cm, with mass peaking at 2 to 5 cm.

Fifty‐six percent of THg pool was explained by slope length, graminoid cover, basin area, and tree height.
Soil Hydraulic Properties Determined by Inverse Modeling of Drip Infiltrometer Experiments Extended with Pedotransfer Functions
Authors: Kotlar Ali Mehmandoost , Varvaris Ioannis , de Jong van Lier Quirijn , Wollesen de Jonge Lis , Møldrup Per , Iversen Bo V.
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

A robust PTF was developed to predict water contents at −1, −10, and −158 m tension.

Drip infiltrometer experiments were inversely modeled to predict soil hydraulic properties.

Both θ(h) and K(h) can be accurately estimated from experimental data together with PTFs.

A transient flow experiment using automated drip infiltrometers (ADIs) was performed on soil columns (about 6 dm3) large enough to incorporate macropore flow effects. We investigated to what extent the estimated soil hydraulic parameters obtained from inverse modeling of these experiments are reliable. A machine learning based pedotransfer function (PTF) for prediction of water content at −1, −10, and −158 m pressure head was developed. Sensitivity analysis of the van Genuchten parameters (residual and saturated water content θr and θs, fitting parameters α, n, and λ, and saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks) in soils of sandy, silty, and clayey textures showed that the temporal variation of pressure heads in ADI scenarios was not sensitive to θr and θs. The other parameters were accurately estimated from numerically synthesized data. The uniqueness of the estimated parameters did not change when a bias, representing experimental error, was added to the data set. In actual columns, using the temporal and spatial pressure head data from the ADIs and the water contents in the drier range predicted by the developed PTF resulted in a precise estimation of the van Genuchten parameters. Not including the PTF water contents resulted in non‐uniquely estimated van Genuchten parameters.
Chenmingite, FeCr2O4 in the CaFe2O4-type structure, a shock-induced, high-pressure mineral in the Tissint martian meteorite
Authors: Ma Chi , Tschauner Oliver , Beckett John R. , Liu Yang , Greenberg Eran , Prakapenka Vitali B.
Published: July 2019

Chenmingite (FeCr2O4; IMA 2017-036) is a high-pressure mineral, occurring as micrometer- to submicrometer-sized lamellae within precursor chromite grains along with xieite and Fe,Cr-rich ulvöspinel next to shock-induced melt pockets, from the Tissint martian meteorite. The composition of type chenmingite by electron probe analysis shows an empirical formula of (Fe2+0.75Mg0.23Mn0.02) (Cr1.60Al0.29Fe3+0.06Fe2+0.04Ti0.02)Σ2.01O4. The general and end-member formulas are (Fe,Mg)(Cr,Al)2O4 and FeCr2O4. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that chenmingite has an orthorhombic Pnma CaFe2O4-type (CF) structure with unit-cell dimensions: a = 9.715(6) Å, b = 2.87(1) Å, c = 9.49(7) Å, V = 264.6(4) Å3, and Z = 4. Both chenmingite and xieite formed by solid-state transformation of precursor chromite under high pressure and high temperature during the Tissint impact event on Mars. The xieite regions are always in contact with melt pockets, whereas chenmingite lamellae only occur within chromite, a few micrometers away from the melt pockets. This arrangement suggests that chenmingite formed under similar pressures as xieite but at lower temperatures, in agreement with experimental studies.
Investigating the Reading Preferences of Young Female Readers of Hausa Popular Prose Fiction: A Feminist Approach
Authors: Kiyawa Haruna Alkasim
Published: July 2019

Reading the story of popular romance fiction is the most powerful social activities among women in the Western countries, Europe, Asia and Africa for their leisure and enjoyment. In this study an attempt has been made to understand the reading habits and preferences of the young adult female readers of Hausa popular romance fiction, the contemporary romance fiction are popular because it deals with unimaginable relationship between men and female, the novels help them to solve some issues on courtship, ineqality, domestic violence and social change. In this study a face to face interviews was employed to collect their views, feelings and understanding of 10 young female readers through the Rosenblatt’s Reader-response theory (1978). The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The findings of the study indicated four main outcomes which revealed the major motivating factors which includes; (i ) image of flashy car appeared at the cover page (ii) image of beautiful flowers, (iii)  image of golden ring (iv) Heart images, this images played a significant role for encouraging the readers to select a novel and read the story enjoy the freedom from breaking free of gender constraints through those stories consider it as part of their lives.
Pronunciation Of The English Voiceless Postalveolar Affricate /tʃ/ In Yemeni EFL Learners’ Production
Authors: Khamis Najah Ahmad , Jupri Rohaiza
Published: July 2019

Achieving a near-native speaker’s pronunciation is so essential for EFL learners. However, many factors contribute to the challenges faced by EFL learners, mainly due to the difference in the sound system of English Language and that of their first language. For this reason, Arab learners of English Language may mispronounce some English sounds. This paper analyzed one of the few problematic sounds to the Arab Yemeni EFL learners - the pronunciation of the English voiceless postalveolar affricate /ʧ/. The study which has a quantitative case study design uses four Yemeni EFL postgraduate students as its participants. The participants’ pronunciations of /tʃ/ sound in the initial, middle and final word-positions were analyzed using Praat phonetic software. The findings of the study showed that Yemeni EFL learners have difficulties in producing the /tʃ/ sound, especially in the initial and final positions, and deaffrication of /tʃ/  occurred in the  pronunciation of the four participants. The current study is expected to be of value, particularly for EFL learners, teachers, as well as material writers.

 
Appraisal in Bilingual Tourism Information Media: Developing an SFL-Based Translation Model
Authors: Suryaningtyas Valentina Widya , Nugroho Raden Arief , Cahyono Setyo Prasiyanto , Nababan Mangatur Rudolf , Santosa Riyadi
Published: July 2019

Tourism information media is aimed at giving positive image of Indonesian tourism to international tourists. In linguistics, especially in systemic functional linguistics, herewith SFL, the attempt to create positive or negative image of a text is studied through appraisal theory. It deals with how the authors position themselves and how the readers are positioned in the text. However, when dealing with bilingual texts, the meaning shift is highly likely because the translation of the source language may not have the same appraisal features, i.e. attitude, engagement, and graduation. Therefore, an SFL-based translation model is needed to accommodate this issue. As far as the authors observe, there is no SFL-based translation model accommodating tourism texts (Nugroho, Septemuryantoro, and Lewa, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to develop an SFL-based translation model by intertwining appraisal theory (Martin and Rose, 2013), translation techniques (Molina and Albir, 2002), and translation quality assessment (Nababan et al, 2012). By applying critical literature review, the authors analyzed the application of these theories in sample data taken from four information media, namely brochure, booklet, website, and book. Furthermore, by using Flesch readability test, the authors were able to select some parts of the media which are considered “hard to read”. The result of this study reveals that there is a minimum shift of appraisal features found in the bilingual tourism media. It happens because the translators mostly employ established equivalent technique to translate the texts. However, the positive result mentioned previously does not go hand in hand with the quality of the translation. Therefore, to bridge the outcome between the appraisal features of source and target languages reflected through the use of translation techniques and the assessment result of their translation quality, the authors need to generate a holistic SFL-based translation model. 
Physico-chemical and sensory properties of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) grown in conventional and hydroponic systems
Authors: Almeida Maria Lucilania Bezerra , Moura Carlos Farley Herbster , Innecco Renato , Garruti Deborah dos Santos , Miranda Fábio Rodrigues de , Silveira Márcia Régia Souza da
Published: July 2019

Strawberry is considered a fruit of great commercial interest in many countries due to its color, aroma, flavor, and nutritional properties. However, it is possible that the differences among the cultivation systems could affect the production of photoassimilates in the plant and, consequently, their partitioning into the fruits composition, influencing its quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the cultivation systems (hydroponics in gutters and slabs, and conventional) and genotype on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant and sensory activity in strawberry fruits. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 × 3 scheme with four replications, represented by trays of approximately 200 g of fruit. In the Laboratory, the strawberries (cv. Oso Grande, Festival, Camarosa, and Albion) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and sensory variables: titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, vitamin C, polyphenol, and antioxidant activity. It was observed that cultivation systems and genotype studied influence the antioxidant activity, physicochemical and sensory properties of strawberries. The conventional system shows higher values for physicochemical variables and antioxidant activity, with cultivar variation within each system. The antioxidant activity attributed to strawberry is strongly related to the content of extractable polyphenols and vitamin C. Regarding the sensory properties, cultivars show good overall acceptability in all production systems studied, no presenting difference among systems.
Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation
Authors: Muthoni Jane , Shimelis Hussein , Melis Rob
Published: July 2019

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.
Initial growth and agronomic performance of some important North American safflower cultivars
Authors: Maziero Claudia Luiza , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Bassegio Doglas , Lewandoski Cristiano Fernando , Bueno Paulo de Lima , Benetoli Tiago Roque , Secco Deonir , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Souza Diane Maschio de , Rosseto Ricielly Eloyze
Published: July 2019

North American safflower cultivars can be considered as alternatives for cultivation in light of the limited improvement in the commercially grown and registered cultivars in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth and agronomic performance of North American safflower cultivars in Brazil. The experimental design for North American cultivars included random blocks with six cultivars (S-351, 3307, 8311, 0260, 0210 and S-323) and six replicates. The emergence percentage, emergence speed index, average emergence time, and average emergence speed were determined at 15 days after emergence (DAE). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, fresh plant mass, and dry plant mass were determined at 30 DAE. Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of chapters, number of leaves, fresh plant mass, dry plant mass, fresh root mass, and dry root mass were determined at the flowering stage. The final plant density, number of chapters per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield, oil content, and protein content were determined at the harvest stage. Cultivar S-351 had the greatest initial growth and exhibited greater emergence and emergence speed index. At 30 DAE, the cultivars did not differ with respect to the accumulation of dry mass and number of leaves. During flowering, cultivars S-323 and 8311 had greater accumulation of plant and root dry mass, as well as a greater number of leaves, branches, and chapters. Cultivars 210 and 260 had higher grain yield, whereas cultivars 3307 and S-323 had higher oil content, and cultivar S-351 had higher protein content.
Seeding densities of the oat crop and the amount of grazing on the physical property and soil carbon
Authors: Piano Jeferson Tiago , Egewarth Jonas Francisco , Egewarth Vanessa Aline , Oliveira Paulo Sérgio Rabello de , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Rego Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes , Herrera Juan López de
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sowing densities of oat crop, managed in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), or the use of fallow during the winter period, on the soil physical properties, total carbon and soil carbon stock, in two years. A split-plot in a randomized block design, with additional treatment was used. It was found that the number of grazing in the year 2014 adversely affected the values of macroporosity and microporosity in the layer 0-0.05 m, besides the microporosity in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The total porosity in the 0.1-0.2 m layer was positively influenced by the sowing density of oats only in the year 2014. The soil penetrometer resistance (SPR) had changes after winter 2015, at 0-0.05 m due to the number of grazing. During 2014, there were no changes in the total carbon and carbon storage of the soil. In 2015, the amount of grazing used, negatively affected the total carbon in layers 0-0.05 and 0.1-0.2 m. However, it positively affected the storage of carbon in soil in the layer 0.05-0.1 m. The adoption of the lower density of the oat crop with realization of a grazing tends to improve the physical properties, total carbon and soil carbon stocks.
Floristic composition of weeds in a dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol under the cultivation of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera
Authors: Neto Francisco de Alcântara , Júnior José Oscar Lustosa de Oliveira , Bezerra Antônio Aécio de Carvalho , Júnior Gabriel Barbosa da Silva , Albuquerque José de Anchieta Alves de , Zuffo Alan Mario , Aquino João Pedro Alves de , Borges Abel Ferreira
Published: July 2019

Among the several factors that negatively influence cowpea culture, weeds have been responsible for the reduction of growth, development and productive performance of the crop, making it necessary to establish management strategies based on phytosociological studies of weed species in growing areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the floristic composition of weeds, aiming to identify the main species and their dynamics, and to consider their distribution in time and space as pertaining to the cultivation of a modern variety of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera, in dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol, in the Midnorth region of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The phytosociological survey of weeds was carried out in three sessions: the first one was immediately before the area was desiccated with glyphosate (15 days before sowing the cowpea), and the others were at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). Following the quantification of species and number of individuals, the following phytosociological parameters were calculated: frequency and relative frequency; density and relative density; abundance and relative abundance; and importance value index. It was concluded that there were few changes in the floristic composition of the weed community according to the epoch of the phytosociological surveys. The main weed plants at 20 DAS of cowpea (vegetative phase) were Chamaesyce hirta, Digitaria insularis, Alternanthera tenella, Cleome affinis, Mollugo verticillata and Portulaca oleracea. At 40 days (reproductive phase), the weed species with a large establishment and acting as potential competitors with cv. BRS Novaera cowpea were Digitaria insularis, Chamaesyce hirta and Mollugo verticillata.
La suplencia de la queja y el juicio de amparo: desde la perspectiva del sistema penal acusatorio mexicano
Authors: Córdova Pimentel Adriel , Coronado Gutiérrez Álvaro , Coronado Rincón Oscar , Rodríguez Joseph Fernando
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo analiza el siguiente interrogante en los casos en los que se promueve el juicio de amparo indirecto y el acto reclamado: ¿el juzgador de amparo debe considerar que el principio de suplencia de la queja opera tanto en el procedimiento penal acusatorio como en el juicio de derechos fundamentales? Ya sea en la vinculación al proceso que se emite en la audiencia inicial, y que tiene verificativo ante el juez de control, o bien, en el control de detención, en las medidas cautelares o en el plazo de cierre de investigación complementaria. En todo caso, ¿el juicio de amparo indirecto que aborda esas determinaciones debe tramitarse bajo el principio de estricto derecho?, ¿estos principios impiden que el juez de control supla la deficiencia de la queja?, ¿existe una verdadera tensión entre estos principios y la suplencia de la queja que rige en el juicio de amparo indirecto? De ser así, ¿el juez de amparo debe declarar la prevalencia de uno u otro al resolver la demanda que se promueve en contra de los actos celebrados dentro de la audiencia inicial? Estos son algunos de las interrogantes adicionales que planteamos en este análisis jurídico sobre la suplencia de la queja desde el juicio de amparo mexicano y el sistema penal acusatorio.