bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
X-ray endovascular methods for the treatment of veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction
Authors: Zhukov O. B. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Vasiliev A. E. , Klimenko P. M.
Published: August 2021

The results of surgical treatment of 59 patients with veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction and follow-up of 8 years are presented. The age of patients is 18-48 years old (average age is 29.3 ± 7.6). Five of them had hemodynamic and clinical signs of arteriovenous erectile dysfunction in the stage of subcompensation, 16 patients underwent simultaneous treatment in the form of sclerotherapy of testicular veins in connection with the secretory type of male infertility, 5 underwent simultaneous surgical treatment to eliminate veno-occlusive and arterial insufficiency of the cavernous bodies of the penis by stenting of the internal iliac or pudendal arteries, 2 patients underwent delayed stenting of the iliac veins due to May-Turner syndrome, the remaining patients underwent surgical treatment aimed at eliminating venous erectile dysfunction. The diagnosis was established on the basis of a clinical and urological examination, including physical examination and questioning according to the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function), ultrasound Doppler examination of the cavernous bodies of the penis with intracavernous pharmacotest, dynamic computer pharmacocavernosography with 3D reconstruction, with veno-occlusive arteries with suspected arteries, or computer tomography arterial insufficiency of the cavernous bodies of the penis. All types of endovascular and hybrid operations on the venous collectors of the penis were analyzed. Priority surgical techniques for the treatment of pathological venous drainage have been identified, which are 75 % effective in the long-term postoperative period. Based on the presented experience of the authors and analysis of foreign literature, the expediency of revising the European and Russian recommendations for venous surgery of the penis towards the priority use at the first stage of minimally invasive X-ray surgical treatment in a category of young patients has been proved.
CAG polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor gene and semen parameters in pathozoospermic patients with and without Y chromosome microdeletions, and in normozoospermic men
Authors: Melikyan L. P. , Bliznetz E. A. , Shtaut M. I. , Sedova A. O. , Sorokina T. M. , Kurilo L. F. , Polyakov A. V. , Chernykh V. B.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The effect of polymorphic variants of the androgen receptor gene (AR) on spermatogenesis and semen parameters in men with different genotypes for other loci has not been sufficiently studied.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of the (CAG)n polymorphism of the AR gene on semen parameters in men with impaired fertility, with and without partial deletions of the AZFс region from the Y chromosome.

Materials and methods. The study included 988 unrelated Russian patients with pathozoospermia, including 591 patients without Y chromosome microdeletions and 397 patients with partial deletions of the AZFc region of the Y chromosome. The control group consisted of 131 normozoospermic men. All men who participated in the study underwent semen analysis and genetic testing. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood lymphocytes and ejaculate. The analysis of the polymorphism of (GAG)n repeat in exon 1 of the AR gene was performed using a polymerase chain reaction by the amplified fragment length polymorphism method.

Results. Three groups were studied: patients with pathozoospermia with (n = 32) and without (n = 541) Y chromosome microdeletions, and normozoospermic men (control, n = 131). The median and quartiles of the number of CAG repeats in the groups were 22 and 20-25, respectively. According to the number of trinucleotide repeats of the AR gene, all patients were divided into subgroups: carriers of short ((GAG)n ≤18), medium ((GAG)n = 19-25) and long ((GAG)n  ≥26) alleles. Medium alleles prevailed in all groups; in men without AZFc deletions and with microdeletions, their frequency was 79.3 and 81.4 %, respectively, in controls - 81.7 %.

Conclusion. No correlation was found in examined cohort for semen parameters (sperm concentration and total number, number of live, progressively motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa) from the number of trinucleotide repeats. However, a statistically significant difference (p ≤0.045; FDR correction) was found in concentration and total number, number of live, progressively motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa when comparing men with nomrozoospermia (control) with patients with pathozoospermia with and without partial AZFc deletions in subgroups of carriers of short, medium and long alleles.
The Topic of the Holodomor of 1932 – 1933 on the Pages of the Newspaper “Ukrainian News”/“Ukrainski Wisti” (1945, Germany – 2000, USA)
Authors: Коzak Serhiy
Published: August 2021

The problem of restoring historical truth has always been relevant among Ukrainian political emigrants. The proof of that is the materials about the Holodomor of 1932–1933 on the pages of the Newspaper “Ukrainian News”/“Ukrainskі Wisti”. The objective of this study is to find out the subject and genre palette of materials about the Holodomor in Ukraine, the names of their authors, the significance of these publications in the general process of restoring historical truth both for the Ukrainian emigrant society and the process of civil society formation in Ukraine, as well as expanding the scientific paradigm of this issue through the little-known materials of emigration press. We managed to ascertain that 413 materials of different genres, which are directly related to the outlined subject, were published on the pages of “Ukrainian News”. The most essential method of achieving the objective was the analysis of materials of the newspaper “Ukrainian News”, which helped to identify the main components of the subject matter. Through this method, the publications of a significant number of authors on the same subject, as well as effectiveness of presenting their materials on the topic of this study were analyzed.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) Amoniasi sebagai Pengganti Sebagian Pakan Basal terhadap Kualitas Semen Segar Domba Ekor Tipis
Authors: Novita Cut Intan , Helviza Cici , Asril Asril
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Suatu penelitian tentang kualitas semen segar domba ekor tipis yang diberikan limbah sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) amoniasi sebagai pengganti sebagian pakan basal, dilakukan dengan metode Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin (RBSL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan A adalah tanpa pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi (kontrol), perlakuan B pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi (10%), perlakuan C pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi (20%), perlakuan D pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi (30%). Parameter yang diamati secara makroskopis yaitu volume, warna, bau, konsistensi dan pH. Sedangkan parameter yang diamati dengan mikroskopis yaitu konsentrasi, motilitas individu, dan motilitas massa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi 10%-30% tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap pengujian kualitas semen segar baik secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Pemberian limbah sereh wangi amoniasi sebagai pengganti sebagian hijauan pakan sampai taraf 30% pada domba ekor tipis jantan tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas dari semen domba ekor tipis baik pada pengujian makroskopis maupun mikroskopis. (The utilization of ammoniated lemongrass waste (Cymbopogon nardus) as a partial replacement of basal feed on the quality of fresh semen of Javanese thin tailed sheep) ABSTRACT. A study on the quality of fresh semen of Javanese thin tailed sheep with ammoniated the waste of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) as a partial replacement for basal feed, was carried out by the Latin Square Design (LSD) experimental method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment A was without ammoniated (control) lemongrass waste, treatment B was ammoniated lemongrass waste (10%), treatment C was ammoniated lemongrass waste (20%), treatment D was ammoniated lemongrass waste (30%). The parameters observed macroscopically are volume, color, odor, and consistency. While the parameters observed microscopically are concentration, individual motility, and mass motility. The results showed that the administration of 10% - 30% ammoniated lemongrass waste had no significant effect (P 0.05) on testing the quality of fresh semen both macroscopically and microscopically. The feeding of ammoniated lemongrass waste as a partial replacement of basal feed up to 30% in male rams did not have a negative effect on the quality of semen of thin sheep in both macroscopic and microscopic testing.
Efektivitas Pemberian Beberapa Preparat Hormon Prostaglandin Komersial terhadap Persentase Berahi Sapi di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Rambe Novika Ayuni , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , TR Teuku Armansyah , Gholib Gholib , Panjaitan Budianto , Adam Mulyadi , Dasrul Dasrul
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan PGF2α analog terhadap persentase berahi sapi di Labuhanbatu Selatan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil UPSUS SIWAB tahun 2017. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data 2.547 ekor sapi yang memiliki variasi breed dan umur, dengan skor kondisi tubuh baik. Sapi-sapi dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan preparat sinkronisasi berahi yang digunakan. K1= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2α-1 (dinoprost tromethamine 5 mg/ml dan benzil alkohol 1,65%) berjumlah 1.300 ekor. K2= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2α-2 (dinoprost tromethamine 5,5 mg/ml dan benzil alkohol 12,0 mg/ml) berjumlah 600 ekor. K3= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 2 ml PGF2α-3 (cloprostenol 75 mg/ml dan chlorocresol 1,0 mg/ml) berjumlah 647 ekor. Penyuntikan dilakukan secara intramuskulus, dua kali dengan interval 10 hari. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Withney. Hasil analisis menunjukkan persentase berahi pada kelompok 1; 2; dan 3 masing-masing 80,7%; 50% dan 61,8% (P0,01). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa PGF2α-1 mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik dibandingkan PGF2α-2 dan PGF2α-3 dalam induksi sinkronisasi berahi pada sapi di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan, Sumatera Utara.  (Effectiveness of different commercial prostaglandin hormone administration on the percentage of estrous in cattles in South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differences PGF2α analogues on the percentage of estrus in cattles in South Labuhanbatu. The sample used in this study was the 2017 SIWAB UPSUS data. Data of 2,547 cattles with various breed and age as well as in good body condition scores were selected. The cattles were grouped into three data groups based on the hormone used for estrus synchronization. The cattles in data group I (1300 cows) were injected with 5 ml PGF2α-1 (dinoprost tromethamine 5 mg/ml and benzyl alcohol 1.65%). The cattles in data group II (600 cows) were injected with 5 ml PGF2α-2 (5.5 mg/ml dinoprost tromethamine and 12.0 mg/ml benzyl alcohol). The cattles in data group III (647) were injected with 2 ml of PGF2α-3 (cloprostenol 75 µg/ml and chlorocresol 1.0 mg/ml). Injections were carried out intramuscularly, twice at 10-day intervals. The data obtained were then analyzed Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann Withney test. The results showed that the percentage of estrus in groups I; II; and III were 80.7%; 50% and 61.8% (P0.01). From the results of the study it can be concluded that Lutalyse has better effectiveness than Capriglandin and Sincrovall in the induction of synchronization estrus in cattle in South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera.
Evaluasi Ukuran-Ukuran Tubuh pada Sapi Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole dan Silangannya
Authors: Aminurrahman Aminurrahman , Priyanto Rudy , Jakaria Jakaria
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan menganalisis ukuran-ukuran tubuh pada sapi Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole dan silangannya. Sapi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 ekor terdiri atas 7 ekor sapi Belgian Blue (BB), 8 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan 15 ekor silangannya (BBxPO) yang dipelihara di Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang Bogor, Indonesia. Peubah ukuran-ukuran tubuh yang diamati adalah panjang badan, tinggi pundak, dalam dada, lebar dada, lingkar dada, tinggi pinggul dan lebar pinggul, sedangkan indeksasi yang dihitung adalah weight, height slope, length index 1, length index 2, width slope, depth index dan foreleg length. Data ukuran-ukuran tubuh pada setiap bangsa sapi dikoreksi berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Selanjutnya data ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan nilai indeksasi dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan program SAS 9.4. Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) dengan pendekatan biplot dianalisis menggunakan program XLSTAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan indeksasi pada setiap bangsa sapi berbeda (P0.05). Hasil analisis komponen utama memperlihatkan bahwa ketiga bangsa sapi yang dianalisis secara jelas terpisah baik sapi BB, PO dan silangannya. Bangsa sapi BB dan silangannya (BBPO) memiliki karakter peubah spesifik dan menjadi penciri pada setiap bangsa sapi. Dengan demikian arah seleksi dapat mengacu pada karakter yang diinginkan sebagai sapi penghasil tipe pedaging.  Evaluation of the Body Measurements on Belgian Blue, Peranakan Ongole and Its Crossbreed Cattle ABSTRACT. This study was aimed to evaluate and analyze body measurements in Belgian Blue (BB), Ongole Breed (PO) and its crossbreed (BBPO) cattle. The number of cattle used in the study were 30 heads, with 7 heads of Belgian Blue cattle, 8 heads of Ongole breed cattle, and 15 heads of its crossbreed cattle were kept in the Animal Embryo Centre (BET) Cipelang Bogor. The variables observed were body length, withers height, chest depth, chest width, girth depth, rump height, and hip-width and the calculated indexations were weight, height slope, length index 1, length index 2, width slope, depth index, and foreleg length. The body measurement data on each breed of cattle was corrected by age and sex. Furthermore, analysis of body measurement and indexing was using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SAS program 9.4. As for Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with a biplot approach analyzed using XLStat program. The result showed that body measurement and indexing on each breed of cattle was different (P0.05). The result of principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the three breeds analyzed to separate the BB, PO, and it's a crossbreed. The BB and its crossbreed had specific character and became an identifying mark in every breed of cattle. Thus, the direction of the selection can refer to the qualities desired as producing beef cattle type.
Pengaruh Pemberian PGF2α Sebelum Koleksi terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Semen dan Level Testosteron Sapi Aceh
Authors: Sari Eka Meutia , Nur Saifan , Mulkan Mulkan , Gholib Gholib , Thasmi Cut Nila , Siregar Tongku Nizwan
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian hormon PGF2α sebelum koleksi terhadap peningkatan kualitas semen dan level testosteron sapi Aceh di UPT. Hewan Coba Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2019. Data hasil pemeriksaan kualitas semen dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan satu ekor sapi Aceh jantan sebagai kontrol dengan 2 perlakuan, yaitu P1 (tanpa pemberian PGF2α sebelum koleksi) dan P2 (pemberian PGF2α 30 menit sebelum koleksi) dengan dosis 25 mg tiap perlakuan. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak lima kali dan dilakukan secara bergantian setiap minggunya. Rata-rata volume (ml); konsentrasi (106 sel/ml); motilitas (%), viabilitas (%); abnormalitas (%); dan level testosteron (ng/ml) pada P1 vs P2 masing-masing adalah 5,2±1,30 vs 5,2±0,97 (P0,05); 145,4±36,58 vs 172,8 ±46,27 (P0,05); 63,87±6,44 vs 75,05±0,08 (P0,05); 69,30±0,22 vs 75,05±0,08 (P0,05); 16,90±0,08 vs 10,46±0,09 (P0,05); dan 28,07±14,37 vs 24,19±6,11 (P0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian PGF2α 30 menit sebelum koleksi dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi testosteron.  (Case study the effect of giving pgf2α before the collection of the quality of Aceh cattle semen) ABSTRACT. This study aims to determine the effect of giving PGF2α hormone before collection to improve the quality of Acehnese semen in UPT. Hewan Coba Syiah Kuala University. This research was conducted from January to March 2019. Data on semen quality examination were analyzed descriptively. In this study, one Aceh cattle was used as a control with 2 treatments, namely P1 (without administration of PGF2α before collection) and P2 (administration of PGF2α 30 minutes before collection) at a dose of 25 mg per treatment. Each treatment was carried out five times and carried out alternately every week. The results showed that the average volume of cement (ml) and pH P1 and P2 respectively 5.2 ± 1.30 and 5.2 ± 0.97, and 6.6±0.55 and 6.5 ± 0.50. While the average concentration of spermatozoa (106 cells / ml) in P1 and P2 were 145.4 ± 36.58 and 172.8 ± 46.27 respectively. The average percentage (%) of progressive spermatozoa motility, circularity, non motility, viability, and abnormalities in P1 and P2 respectively: 63.87 ± 6.44 and 73.63 ± 9.42, 11.34 ± 3, 70 and 9.0 ± 7.01, 24.79 ± 4.04 and 17.37 ± 4.44, 69.30 ± 0.22 and 75.05 ± 0.08, 16.90 ± 0.08 and 10.46 ± 0.09. It was concluded that administration of PGF2α 30 minutes before collection can increase the quality of spermatozoa but cannot increase the concentration of testosterone.
Pengaruh Waktu Penyimpanan Seasoning Whey Kefir terhadap Kualitas Fisik, Kimia dan Mikrobiologis
Authors: Archadiya Meilan , Radiati Lilik Eka , Sawitri Manik Eirry
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAK. Mutu produk seasoning whey kefir sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan baku, proses pengolahan, proses fermentasi dan waktu penyimpanan. Perubahan nilai gizi dapat terjadi karena proses penyimpanan yang akan mempercepat kerusakan terhadap produk seasoning whey kefir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyimpanan terhadap total asam laktat, pH, kadar protein, Total Plate Count (TPC), dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium dengan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan yaitu waktu penyimpanan 0 hari (P0), 7 hari (P1), 14 hari (P2), 21 hari (P3) dan 28 hari (P4). Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan waktu penyimpanan memberikan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap total asam laktat, pH, kadar protein, Total Plate Count (TPC), dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK). Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan seasoning whey kefir dapat bertahan dan layak untuk dikonsumsi selama 14 hari penyimpanan pada suhu refrigerator (0-4°C) dengan nilai total asam laktat 1,12%, pH 4,30, kadar protein 1,06%, Total Plate Count (TPC) 3,73 log cfu/ml dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK) 2,92 log cfu/ml.  (The effect of storage period on the physical, chemical and microbiological qualities) ABSTRACT. Seasoning whey kefir quality is strongly in fluenced by raw materials, processing, fermentation and storage. Changes in nutritional value may occur due to prolonge storage which will accelerate deterioration of seasoning whey kefir. This study aims to determine the effect of storage period on total lactic acid, pH, protein content, Total Plate Count (TPC), mold and yeast. The research method used was a laboratory experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment and 6 replications. The treatment tested was storage period 0 days (P0), 7 days (P1), 14 days (P2), 21 days (P3) and 28 days (P4) on whey kefir seasoning. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that as the storage period gave a very significant difference (P0.01) to total lactic acid, pH, protein content, Total Plate Count (TPC), mold and yeast. The use of whey kefir seasoning can last and are suitable for consumption during a period of 7-14 days of storage at refrigerator temperature (0-4°C) with the total value of lactic acid 1,12%, pH 4,30, protein content 1,06%, Total Plate Count (TPC) 3,73 log cfu/ml, mold and yeast 2,92 log cfu/ml.
Diet Controls Uranium Intake and Aggravates Health Hazards
Authors: Haneklaus Silvia , Windmann Heike , Maekawa Miyuki , Zhang Liankai , Schnug Ewald
Published: August 2021

Uranium (U) is ubiquitously abundant in the environment. Significant amounts of U are applied on agricultural soils with mineral phosphorus fertilizers; thus, entering the food chain. The daily intake of U with solid food varies only slightly. It is lowest with a mixed standard diet (1.3 µg/day U) and highest with a vegan diet (2.0 µg/day U). It is the U content of tap and mineral water which determines the total U intake (1.7 – 7.1 µg/day U). Next to U speciation and amount of U entering the human body, an oversupply with phosphorus, and a critical supply with calcium and iron may amplify negative health effects. Kidneys are the prime target of a high P intake and U toxicity. The additional daily phosphorus intake by food phosphates peaked to 1000 mg/day in the last 20 years. This may add on an average 1.2 µg/day U and worst case 11 µg/day U to the solid diet. Toxicological studies suggest that damages of kidneys can be expected when the U content is as low as 0.1-0.4 µg/g U. The study provides a comprehensive overview of potential health hazards caused by dietary uranium intake in relation to nutritional habits.
Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Which Prospect to Tame its Stubbornness?
Authors: Margineanu Doru
Published: August 2021

Epilepsy is a major health problem, it being among the most common chronic neurologic pathologies. Its basic therapy is via anti-seizure drugs (ASDs), of which nearly two dozen are currently available for symptomatic treatment of epileptic seizures. But, notwithstanding the increasing ASD options, about one-third of epileptic patients remain drug-refractory, and this fraction did not diminish over decades. This paper reviews the subject of drug resistance in epilepsy (DRE), in view of exploring the prospect to overcome its persistence. The survey of various hypotheses about DRE origin and mechanisms notices that any of them alone does not fully account the DRE, their multitude deriving from the lack of solution to this bad medical need. The non-pharmacological (neurosurgical, brain stimulation, focal treatments and dietary) approaches of drug-intractable epilepsy are also surveyed, with the sober conclusion that, in a predictable future, the mainstay of epilepsy therapy will likely remain the drugs. The vast multiplicity of molecular changes associated with DRE suggests that its pharmacological resolution might arise only from integrative, systemic approaches, beyond the reductionist single-target paradigm that dominated the ASD discovery, in the last several decades. A conceivable lessening of DRE might be brought about by precision (personalized) medicine, assisted by complex systems biology description of individual epileptic pathology. In a longer run, the emergent network pharmacology might led to genuine innovative multi-potent antiepileptic drugs, able to treat distinct subpopulations of current refractory patients.
Effectiveness of Focal Pancreatic Parenchymal Atrophy in Diagnosing High-Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia/Carcinoma in Situ
Authors: Kikuyama Masataka , Nakahodo Jun , Honda Goro , Horiguchi Shinichiro , Suzuki Mizuka , Chiba Kazurou , Tabata Hiroki , Ome Yuichiro , Kamisawa Terumi
Published: August 2021

To improve the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the diagnosis of early-stage PDAC is essential. In particular, the diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial pancreatic neoplasia/carcinoma in situ (HG-PanIN/CIS) is the best option. However, it is almost impossible to directly observe HG-PanIN/CIS. Thus, identifying a secondary imaging finding due to the disorder is important. Focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy (FPPA) and hypoechoic area have been reported as preferred secondary signs. We studied 50 patients to clarify the effectiveness of FPPA in diagnosing HG-PanIN/CIS. Most patients had the opportunity to undergo further examination due to the presence of a cyst. Among the 50 patients, 23 (46%) had positive results for serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE), which has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PADC; 20 of the 23 (87.0%) patients underwent surgery to resect the pancreatic part including the FPPA. Distal pancreatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy were performed in 19 patients and one patient, respectively. In 13 of the 20 (65%) patients, histopathological examination revealed HG-PanIN/CIS in the pancreatic ductal epithelium of the resected specimens. FPPA could indicate HG-PanIN/CIS, but not satisfactorily. One of the factors for the unsatisfactory results might be the difficulty in identifying FPPA in the pancreatic head area. On the other hand, a pancreatic cyst, especially in the area of FPPA, could lead to the diagnosis of HG-PanIN/CIS. The size of the cyst does not affect the diagnosis of HG-PanIN/CIS.
Alternatives to heparin anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Malviya Sanjana , Bruner Emily , Belfar Alexandra , Deng Yi
Published: August 2021

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are both mechanical circulatory support technologies that augment the native heart and/or lung function. They involve drainage and reinfusion of blood while performing extracorporeal gas exchange. 1 In both devices, contact between patient blood and the non-endothelialized surface of the circuit triggers an inflammatory response and pro-coagulation cascade. 2–5 As a result, prophylactic anticoagulation is integral to prevent catastrophic thrombosis of the circuitry. In rare instances, there exist contraindications to heparin use, necessitating alternative management strategies. 6 In this review, we will examine heparin contraindications in mechanical circulatory support and summarize alternative approaches to anticoagulation in these circumstances.
Association between mid upper arm and calf circumferences and cognitive function in elderly
Authors: Gultom Ika Mariana , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Batubara Chairil Amin
Published: August 2021

Background: Nutritional status has been associated with cognitive function in elderly. Several anthropometric measurement, including mid upper arm circumference and calf circumference are recognized as effective means to assess nutritional status, as they have good correlation with body mass index. This study aimed to identify the association between MUAC, CC and cognitive function in elderly population.Methods: This cross sectional study involved 71 elderly subjects aged more than 60 years old. We recruited subjects from Medan Helvetia district because it has the largest aging population in Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The Cognitif function was assessed using montreal cognitive assessment test Indonesian version (MoCA-INA) and visual cognitive assessment test. To examine the association between MUAC, CC and cognitive function using Kruskal Wallis test and Fisher Exact.Results: There were 42 females and 29 males. The mean age was 68.68±6.35 years. The mean MUAC was 24.3±3.25 cm and CC was 31.5±2.45 cm. There was no association between MUAC and MoCA-INA (p=0.215) and VCAT (p=0.062). There was an association between CC and MoCA-INA (p=0.040) and VCAT (p=0.019).Conclusions: There was an association between calf circumference and cognitive function while mid upper arm circumference was not. Compared to BMI, calf circumference can predict sarcopenia in the elderly. Elderly with functional impairment and impaired mobility may show a decrease in calf circumference. Sarcopenia is often associated with brain atrophy in the elderly.
Awareness and acceptance of anticipated pediatric COVID-19 vaccination in rural South India
Authors: Janardhan Alok M. , Alok Sandhya V. , Janardhan Leelavathi
Published: August 2021

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and acceptance of anticipated COVID-19 pediatric vaccination among parents in rural south India.Methods: Objective questionnaire based online cross-sectional study in out-patient department, school WhatsApp groups and the community between 01 July 2021 to 15 July 2021. Sample size 873. Parents of children less than 18 years of age willing to participate in the study were included. Parents not willing to participate in the study were excluded.Results: 64.6% parents accepted pediatric COVID-19 vaccination; 96.4% felt it beneficial to vaccinate children prior to re-opening of school. 96.68% were positive that vaccination in children shall play a pivotal role in the projected third wave. 35.39% were hesitant and wanted to delay vaccinating their children and 14.14% do not believe in vaccine efficacy. 14.53% parents were weary of giving vaccine to their children due to personal experience of adverse effects they had suffered, and 22.45% parents refused vaccination due to hearsay adverse effects. 17.6% parents felt that post COVID-19 infection, children don’t need vaccination. 38.95% of parents were concerned about interaction of COVID-19 vaccine with other vaccines of immunisation schedule, 19.36% felt that children don’t need specific COVID-19 vaccine since the regular immunisation schedule prevents COVID-19 infection.Conclusions: Parents of rural India are aware of the pandemic and its lasting impact in our society but its effect on children is still beyond their comprehension. Most parents are willing and accept pediatric COVID-19 vaccination, however vaccine hesitancy and misconceptions are significant entities that can derail full coverage of children.
Evaluation of academic stress among medical students using graphology and machine learning algorithm in correlation with salivary cortisol
Authors: H. Ravish , Silvia C. R. Wilma Delphine , Kumar Sunil , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Poojary Bharath V. , Raj Rashmi
Published: August 2021

Background: Stress is a part of the academic life of graduates. Young adults are especially susceptible to academic stress based on their subjective commitment towards academic goals, and social pressure for superior academic performance. Recognizing academic stress is crucial for planning successful management, and to prevent mental illness. The aim of the study was to develop methods to identify stress using graphology, machine learning algorithm and salivary cortisol.Methods: The study included a mixed method research design and   enrolled 43 medical students (19 males and 24 females) between 18-23 years of age were taken in the present study. The Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) was used to ascertain distress among the study subjects.Results: Students written manuscript images were taken for artificial intelligence training and analysis. The written   manuscript was evaluated for positive and negative personality traits using graphology techniques. One of the negative traits identified by graphology, i.e.; dejection, it was used to train a machine learning tool to identify the negative trait of dejection.Conclusions: This study suggests that mental health professionals can train machine learning algorithms, using graphology tools, to function as a screening tool to determine stress levels. This may help to plan for management and recovery of stressed individuals and help them in future academic performance.
Case report of missed evolving cauda equina syndrome: pitfalls to avoid in remote consultations
Authors: Manghnani Rajiv M.
Published: August 2021

A 44-year-old lady presented with complaints of lumbosacral back pain radiating to the front of both thighs and up to the front of both knees. She was offered Teleconsultation by 2 GPs and was treated with analgesics. But her pain was not relieved. The third GP took a detailed history and elicited the red flags pointing towards a cauda equina syndrome (CES) in progression. She was called for examination and then was referred to the specialist for immediate further investigations and action. She underwent surgery for CES and her recovery was uneventful. Teleconsultation has the chief limitation of not being able to examine the patient. The importance of taking a detailed clear history regarding the symptoms of cauda equina and documenting the presence or absence of each of the red flag symptoms cannot be overemphasised. Clear, candid and honest discussion of the concerns of the symptoms and the rationale for the referral to the spinal surgeon must be discussed with the patient so as to prevent any miscommunication which can lead to medicolegal claims later on.
Clinical study of Masquelet technique in the treatment of osteomyelitis and bone defect
Authors: Neupane Bikash , Meng Zhao , Kang Xu Sheng , Paudel Prabha , Panthi Sagar , Xing Zhao , Song Zhang Jin
Published: August 2021

Background: The induced membrane technique, introduced by Masquelet in 1986 called Masquelet technique is universally preferred methods of treatment in bone defect either of any cause. Consists of two principle steps: first radical debridement and filling defect with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer, this allows the formation of induction membrane. Secondly bone cement is removed and defect is filled with bone graft and stabilized with definitive fixation.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of orthopedic surgery, Taihe Hospital affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Hubei China from July 2018 to November 2019.

Results: Total 32 patients observed and recorded for the analysis. The mean age 38.28±11.211 years. 20 (62.5%) male and 12 (37.5%) female, 13 (40.6%) had right, and 19 (59.4%) had left side injury. Tibia has the highest involvement 16 (50%), femur 10 (31.3%), calcaneus 3 (9.4%) radius, cuboid and ulna 1 (3.1%) each. For cause of defect osteomyelitis is found to have highest frequency of 11 (34.4%). The size of defect ranges from 3 to 20 cm with mean defect (6.91±4.489 cm). Duration of bone cement ranges from 4-20 weeks with mean of 8.75±3.379 weeks. The union time ranges from 4-14 months. With mean of 8.31±2.17 months. 18 (56.3%) have excellent results, 13 (40.6%) have good results, and 1 patient (3.1%) have satisfactory results.

Conclusions: This study concludes that Masquelet technique as being the more appropriate, reliable and is a noble technique in the reconstruction of bone defect either of any cause with good functional result.
Knowledge and awareness of orthopaedic surgeons about radiation hazards in operation theatres
Authors: Sehgal Manik , Awasthi Bhanu , Sood Saloni , Raina Sunil , Kaur Rubinder , Singh Sarvesh , Katoch Punit
Published: August 2021

Background: Due to increase in geriatric orthopaedic patients minimally invasive soft tissue and orthopaedic surgeries are gaining. But such procedures have increased the surgeon’s dependence on fluoroscopy which has exposed them to ever increasing dosage of ionising radiations (both direct and scattered).

Methods: The study was carried out among medical professionals attending annual north zone conference of orthopaedics using a pre-designed questionnaire on a non-probability sample of 200 orthopedicians.  Questionnaires contained 11 MCQs.

Results: 62% of the surgeons believed that hands receive maximum amount of C-arm radiations followed by thyroid (25%). 9% of surgeons have answered eyes and 4% say gonads. 31% of surgeons believe that 100 mSv is allowable annual effective whole-body dose of radiation. 15% believe it to be 500 msv. Majority (37%) of the surgeons had no idea on the allowable annual effective whole-body dose of radiation. 30% of surgeons believe that allowable annual effective dose of radiation for hands is 50 msv. Further 23% of the surgeons believe it to be 100 msv. 50% have no idea about this.

Conclusions: All orthopaedic residents and surgeons should have more information and knowledge about ionising radiation. Special courses and workshops can be arranged at local, regional and national levels in this regard.

 
Accessory medial cuneiform bone in a child: unreported site and review of literature
Authors: Saqer Waleed , Bandi Atul , Hasan Salman , Mostafa Maged , Khamis Ahmed Refaat
Published: August 2021

Accessory ossicles of the foot are not uncommon finding in foot radiographs which has confused radiologists and orthopedic surgeons from time immemorial. Occasionally these bones are symptomatic, hindering daily activities of patients. We present a case report of an eleven years old girl with a symptomatic accessory medial cuneiform on the dorsal aspect of left foot. The child was evaluated radiologically and after a trial of failed conservative treatment, she was operated upon. Intraoperatively a superficial nerve on dorsum of this accessory ossicle was found, and the extra bone was excised. This accessory bone was found to be related to medial cuneiform bone at its dorsal and distal surface making to suggest its name as "Os cuneo-I metatarsale-I dorsale". Detailed radiological evaluation is mandatory for identification and exact anatomical localization of the extra bone before proceeding to excision, when non operative treatment fails to relieve the symptoms.

 
Effectiveness and safety of non invasive pressure ventilation in severe COVID-19 disease: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Das Akshaya Kumar , Gupta Arushi , Dalal Niti
Published: August 2021

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has a controversial role in treating acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in Severe COVID-19 disease. Noninvasive ventilation has been known to avoid intubation and prevent complications associated with mechanical ventilation, but the risk of aerosolization and consequent contraction of disease deterred clinicians from using it.

: The medical records of 18 patients having severe COVID -19 disease with Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), who received NIV therapy in a tertiary care hospital were scrutinized from a period of 15 June 2020 to 28 June 2020. The parameters like respiratory rate (RR)and PaO2/FiO2(PF ratio) and SOFA score were collected from the day of admission to 5th day of ICU stay. Other parameters like outcomes of NIV therapy, complications and time taken from weaning from NIV were recorded. Forty-five health care workers, involved in the treatment were educated about use of PPE and NIV and were tested for COVID -19 by RT-PCR post-ICU rotation.

: The statistical analysis was done by statistical package for social science version(SPSS) 22.0. The parameters were compared by using repeated measure analysis of variance.

The mean age group of the patient in the study was 47.44 years. The respiratory rate and PaO2/FIO2 at the time of ICU admission were 29.28±3.74 per minute and 121.06±29.05 respectively. There was significant improvement in PF ratio throughout the observation (p=0.021) and the respiratory rate decreased after NIV therapy from the day of admission to the subsequent days (p=0.001). The major proportion (i.e. 88.8%) of patients with ARDS but SOFA score <5, had a favorable outcome with NIV therapy. 45 HCWs tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.

Non-invasive ventilation can be safely used as an effective therapy for moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19 disease.
Prospective study on prevalence of aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis in a teaching hospital, Telangana
Authors: Rachana G , Shyam G , Yawar Mohammed
Published: August 2021

Allergic rhinitis is an IgE antibody mediated, inflammatory disease.

The most commonly encountered risk factors for allergic rhinitis are presence of atopy, asthma, eczema, and other allergic illnesses. Identification of aeroallergens helps in patient counseling to modify life style and prevent exposure to triggering factors.

To determine the prevalence of aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis.

This was a prospective study done in cases of allergic rhinitis over a duration of one year from January 2019 to December 2019. Complete history taking was followed by ENT examination including Rhinoscopy and endoscopy, peripheral smear examination for eosinophils, absolute eosinophil count testing and Skin prick testing with known allergens and serum IgE level testing.

A total of 145 cases of allergic rhinitis were studied. The patient age ranged from 11 years to 50 years. The male to female ratio was 0.5:1. Most common allergen causing allergic rhinitis was dust mite which constituted about 44.1% cases. The next common allergen was Mold which accounted for 20.6% cases.

We conclude that there are numerous aeroallergens that can cause allergic rhinitis and the most common ones are dust mites, molds, house dust, animal dander, pollen and others. Correct identification of the aeroallergen helps in the proper counseling of the patients so as to prevent exposure to those aeroallergens thereby reducing the episodes and severity of allergic rhinitis.
Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial strains and bacteriological profile from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in a teaching hospital
Authors: Vaish Ritu
Published: August 2021

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are one of the commonest health problems demanding frequent consultation and hospitalization. Unnecessary and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy is a potentially modifiable factor that is associated with increased mortality in patients with serious infections.

To study bacterial profile and susceptibility pattern of lower respiratory tract infections in a teaching hospital.

Prospective study done in the department of Microbiology at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunuru, Karimnagar, Telangana., Tover a period of 18 months ie from January 2019 to July 2020. A total of 120 samples from respiratory tract were studied for bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility.

A total of 120 cases were studied. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Among the bacterial isolates, 76.6% were Gram negative bacilli and 23.3% were gram positive cocci. Among Gram negative bacteria, the predominant bacterial isolate was Klebisella. pneumoniae (45.8%) followed by Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (28.3%.)

Present study, was based on the pattern of resistance to commonly used antibiotics by organisms causing lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in our institute. This may help us to study the more susceptible group of drugs in our institute which would help prepare an antibiogram and develop a policy for rational antibiotic prescription.
Local Government Response to COVID-19: Revitalizing Local Democracy in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain A.N.M. Zakir
Published: August 2021

The study aims to identify the role of local government and its transformation in response to the COVID-19. It also shows how local governments extended the scope of accountability and transparency to strengthen democracy. The study followed the social survey method and collected data online through Google Docs form. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics to generate expected results and test the hypothesis by the Spearman correlation coefficient. The study found local governments were positive during COVID-19 to provide services and offered more public engagement in policy formulation, thus more democratic. The health sector has shown the highest priority, with food and environmental services. Inefficient management capacity of leaders and apathy in public engagement hamper resource mobilization at the local level. During COVID-19, ICT intervention and innovation for digital transformation in local governance increased accountability and transparency through easy and effective participation of mass people to strengthen local democracy to respond effectively against COVID-19.
Research on Layout Optimization of Villages in Poverty-Stricken Counties —A Case Study of Wangmo County, Guizhou, China
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhu Lin , Wang Weili
Published: August 2021

Against the background of rural revitalization in China, this study takes Wangmo County as the study area, and uses mathematical models such as entropy method and rank-size rule to quantitatively evaluate the rural development potential of Wangmo County and rural development scale and hierarchical structure in Wangmo County. Based on this, the study puts forward suggestions for village layout optimization. According to the results, (i) evaluation elements of rural subject, industrial development, resource endowment, and habitat environ­ment in Wangmo County are presented in the spatial pattern of being scattered as a whole and be agglomerated locally. (ii) The rank-size distribution of village is that there are more villages in the medium-ranking position, while there are fewer high-and-low-ranking villages with spindle structure of “being small on both ends, and large in the middle”, showing that the agglomeration of village elements has a weak degree of spatial polarization. (iii) By comprehensively evaluating results and field investigation situation, a township hierarchy of central village-general village-merged village is constructed to divide the development types of three rural areas, including agglomeration type for improvement, equilibrium, and stable type, as well as relocation and merger type. The results of the study in the case area can provide a reference for the local scientific response to the decreasing trend of rural population and change the predicament of low efficiency of public resource allocation caused by small-scale and scattered distribution of the rural areas.
Defence Heritage as a Cultural Heritage Tourism Resource: Case of Cyprus
Authors: Mısırlısoy Damla , Günçe Kağan
Published: August 2021

Cyprus has one of the richest histories of Europe and the Middle East. As the result of being an island and having a strategic location, Cyprus had been occupied by different civilizations throughout history. Since the island faced many attacks throughout history, different buildings and structures were built to defend the island from its enemies. Defence heritage should be identified, documented and conserved since they are important part of the collective memory of the island. The only way to sustain these monuments is to reuse with an appropriate function since they have already lost their original function. The purpose of the study is to highlight the significance of defence heritage of the island and propose reuse strategies as a cultural tourism resource. The method of the study to includes literature surveys and observations through site survey. These data are used for developing reuse strategies by considering defence heritage as a cultural heritage tourism resource. Defence heritage structures can be used as tool for contributing cultural tourism of the island. Defence heritage is an important part of cultural heritage; therefore, they should be transferred for further generations through conservation and reuse.
International Students' in Taiwan Perspectives of Global Awareness Improvement
Authors: Andi Wibowo Radna , Wu Ming-Chang
Published: August 2021

As international students, they need to adapt and learn new experiences in a foreign country quickly; this ability is instrumental in increasing their global awareness. This research is a quantitative study using descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing using ANOVA. The ANOVA test is used to determine the effect of gender and college on global awareness which consists of Critical Thinking, Global Awareness, Information Literacy Self-efficacy, Communication and Teamwork. A student's characteristics are not only influenced by the classroom environment and the university environment but the person who is formed over the years before entering the new ecosystem.