bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El jade y las piedras verdes en Teotihuacan, México
Authors: França Leila Maria
Published: November 2016

O jade foi um dos materiais mais valiosos na Mesoamérica, onde era amplamente usado na elaboração de imagens de deuses, objetos de culto, jóias e ornamentos, entre muitos outros. Em Teotihuacan, o jade e seus similares - as pedras verdes - tiveram um papel fundamental na ornamentação da elite e no culto, plasmando conceitos fundamentais da cosmovisão e da religião estatal. Este artigo trata de detalhar os aspectos do simbolismo do jade em Teotihuacan, sua importância ideológica e o controle sobre sua obtenção e produção de artefatos, através do estudo dos artefatos de jade e pedras verdes conservados na Ceramoteca da Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos de Teotihuacan.
A Coleção Mochica do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP: testemunhos materiais da cosmovisão andina
Authors: Bars Cássia R.
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir preceitos atribuídos à cosmovisão andina por meio de análises iconográficas baseadas baseadas em artefatos pertencentes à coleção mochica do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da USP. É também demonstrado como a semiótica, aplicada à arqueologia, torna-se uma excelente ferramenta metodológica para análises envolvendo artefatos que servem como suporte para iconografias complexas.
Roman Britain, life at the edge of empire
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo A.
Published: November 2016

HOBBS, R; JACKSON, R. Roman Britain, life at the edge of empire. Londres, British Museum, 2010, 160 pp. ISBN 9780714150611
Nem melhor nem pior. Apenas uma escavação diferente
Authors: Pellini José Roberto
Published: November 2016

As recentes críticas à metodologia de escavação têm enfatizado sua natureza hierárquica e a persistência de métodos objetivos de coleta de dados. Embora as atuais técnicas de escavação produzam inestimável informação sobre o material e sobre o sítio, elas pouco dizem muito sobre o passado propriamente dito. Neste sentido precisamos de um trabalho de campo mais reflexivo, criativo e intimista e não apenas um registro passivo de evidências. É neste cenário que foi realizada a escavação do sítio Cambaiuvas por uma equipe de alunos e professores do IGPA/PUC-GO sob a coordenação do Dr. José Roberto Pellini.
Considerações acerca do contexto ambiental dos sítios arqueológicos do alto rio Uruguai: Projeto Salvamento Arqueológico Uruguai UHE-Itá
Authors: Rubin Julio Cezar Rubin de , Carbonera Miriam
Published: November 2016

Neste texto foram analisados os dados referentes aos aspectos ambientais e os sítios arqueológicos pesquisados durante uma das etapas do Projeto Salvamento Arqueológico Uruguai, realizado entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. São apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre a dinâmica da área e a ação antrópica, e como esses processos podem ter alterado os sítios até o momento de seu registro. Ressalta-se a importância da relativização das informações coletadas contemporaneamente para evitar interpretações equivocadas.
Prospecção arqueológica e sistemas geomorfológicos em áreas urbanas: o caso da estação Vila Prudente do metrô, São Paulo, SP
Authors: Luz Rodolfo Alves da
Published: November 2016

Visando orientar as prospecções arqueológicas na área da Estação Vila Prudente do Metrô de São Paulo foram realizadas investigações a respeito dos sistemas geomorfológicos envolvidos. Para tal, foi considerada a dinâmica natural de cada sistema geomorfológico e o tipo de ação antrópica que ali ocorreu durante a urbanização da área. Os resultados foram então espacializados, auxiliando assim na indicação de setores com maior probabilidade de ocorrência de vestígios arqueológicos. A pesquisa permitiu o reconhecimento das mudanças geomorfológicas de caráter antropogênico relacionadas ao processo de urbanização da região, e de como estas mudanças alteraram a disposição das camadas arqueológicas.
Estudio de público de museos: el aporte teórico-metodológico de la semiótica
Authors: Reca María Marta
Published: November 2016

Nos últimos anos a necessidade de conhecer com maoir profundidade a experiência da visita e indagar sobre a forma em que os visitantes interpretam a proposta expositiva tornaram-se relevantes. A semiótica nos proporciona um conjunto de instrumentos teórico/empíricos para a aplicação de um método preciso que nos permita dar conta do processo de produção, comunicação e transformação do significado. De um ponto de vista construtivista e cognitivo, aplicando a análise de discurso pretende-se avaliar a eficácia comunicativa de uma sala de exposição do Museu de La Plata (UNLP). Busca-se construir um modelo estabelecendo relações entre o contexto de representação, a sala de exposição, e o contexto de apropriação, os discursos produzidos pelos visitantes no momento da visita.
Des-En-terrando achados: vistas sobre a África das diásporas
Authors: Salum Marta Heloísa Leuba
Published: November 2016

Neste artigo apresentamos considerações sobre o uso da iconografia etnológica na abordagem da cultura material da África, a partir de pesquisas que temos realizado sobre as coleções museológicas do MAE/USP e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-MPEG/MTCI. Tais considerações emergiram diante de certos objetos africanos relacionados a contextos negro-africanos no Brasil, mas concernem especialmente a estudos sobre formas e grafismos típicos das artes de sociedades de línguas bantu da África central, do final do século XIX à metade do século XX. Apontamos para a prudência com que essa iconografia, grafismos e formas devem ser tratados quando de sua aplicação como fonte de pesquisa.
Caracterização de um perfil de solo desenvolvido no sambaqui fluvial Moraes, município de Miracatu – SP
Authors: Teixeira Wenceslau Geraldes , Plens Cláudia Regina , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Figuti Levy
Published: November 2016

Escavações arqueológicas desenvolvidas no sambaqui fluvial Moraes, no município de Miracatu, SP, revelaram distintas camadas arqueológicas que resultaram na configuração monticular deste sítio. Com o objetivo de discutir o processo formativo deste sítio, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do solo de dentro e de fora do mesmo para a compreensão das propriedades que podem ter contribuído para a caracterização das particularidades encontradas nas camadas arqueológicas deste sambaqui fluvial. Foi constatada uma elevada alteração em alguns parâmetros físicos e químicos dos diferentes horizontes do solo desenvolvido no sambaqui. Em especial os elevados teores de fósforo corroboram um enriquecimento deste ambiente em resíduos antrópicos ricos neste elemento (e.g. ossos). Os horizontes escuros também mostram elevados teores de carbono em relação ao perfil testemunho. Entretanto, ainda não está claro se a estabilização do carbono nos sambaquis se deve à estabilização do cálcio ou efeito de calor (carbono pirogênico) e precisará ser elucidado em próximos estudos.
Discussing the Aratu tradition: proposal of a dispersion model and implementation in zones of ecological tension
Authors: Soares Juliana
Published: November 2016

During analysis of the site GO-RV-06, trying to contextualize it in the regional archaeological panorama, came to motivation to retake themes of Aratu tradition. Using bibliographic sources, we have developed a model that seeks to interpret the scattering processes of groups with this tradition through the territory, raising the existence of a central development zone, with old dates, to the detriment of peripheral zones. We have also tried to bring, still, the understanding of the environmental context of insertion of sites, corroborating, through the construction of a database, with the chance of a standart settlement that associates Aratu locations to areas ofecological tension. The cross between the data produced allowed to infer about territorial management strategies and their influence on the processes of dispersion.
Metallic objects among Guaraní groups of Parana Delta. Late Holocene, Buenos Aires – Argentina
Authors: Buc Natacha , Cabanillas Edgardo D. , Davrieux Maria Natalia
Published: November 2016

Hacia finales del Holoceno tardío, el delta del Paraná estuvo habitado por diferentes grupos poblacionales, entre ellos los conocidos como “Guaraníes”. En los diversos contextos arqueológicos del área raramente se recuperan objetos metálicos; por lo que estudiar los casos en los que están presentes permite discutir procesos de poblamiento y ocupación del área. Este trabajo se ocupa particularmente del análisis de las piezas recuperadas en el sitio Arroyo Fredes, datado entre 1262 y 1642 AD. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar a través del análisis morfológico y composicional de las piezas su posible vinculación con dos centros metalúrgicos que habrían estado disponibles al momento de ocupación del sitio: la esfera hispánica y el Noroeste argentino. En dos casos, la lámina y el disco, la composición de cobre puro permite establecer una conexión con las poblaciones locales. En el tercero, el alfiler o topu, los resultados no son concluyentes. Los datos, en definitiva, muestran la complejidad del proceso de ocupación del área momentos antes de la ocupación europea.
Tecnologia cerâmica Guarani e o estudo experimental da variabilidade cerâmica
Authors: Di Baco Hiuri Marcel , Faccio Neide Barrocá
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa realizada com Arqueologia Experimental sobre a tecnologia cerâmica Guarani, da área da Bacia Hidrográfica Inferior do Projeto Paranapanema (ProjPar), especificamente, com o acabamento plástico de superfície externa. Os testes experimentais permitiram avaliar algumas das capacidades cognitivas que envolvem o trabalho do(a) ceramista, bem como demonstrar aspectos da técnica de confecção da cerâmica relacionados com as escolhas dos indivíduos.
A Arqueologia Guarani na Bacia do Rio Santo Anastácio, SP: estudo da variabilidade cerâmica do sítio Célia Maria
Authors: Pereira David Lugli Turtera , Faccio Neide Barrocá
Published: November 2016

A pesquisa realizada na área do sítio arqueológico Célia Maria, localizado na região da Bacia do Rio Santo Anastácio (afluente da Bacia do Paraná), Estado de São Paulo, demonstrou uma ocupação Guarani pré-colonial. A cerâmica foi datada por termoluminescência, situando a ocupação em torno de 450±60 anos atrás. Este trabalho traz dados referentes à cerâmica identificada na área do sítio Célia Maria. A partir da análise tecnotipológica da cerâmica, demonstramos a provável sequência dos gestos técnicos para a produção dos artefatos, assim como reconstituímos graficamente a forma de vasos, a partir de fragmentos de bordas. Os dados espaciais dos atributos cerâmicos do sítio Célia Maria foram confrontados com outras pesquisas disponíveis que versaram sobre a presença dos Guarani na Bacia do Paraná e Paranapanema.
Um Novo Conceito de Lascamento no Sul do Brasil: debitagem laminar na foz do rio Chapecó (SC/RS)
Authors: Hoeltz Sirlei E. , Lourdeau Antoine , Viana Sibeli A.
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta o estudo tecnológico das coleções líticas de três sítios arqueológicos localizados próximos à Foz do rio Chapecó (Alto Alegre 3, Linha Policial 1 e Linha Policial 3), nos estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, datadas do Holoceno antigo e associadas aos materiais arqueológicos da Tradição Umbu. Apresentaremos um esquema operatório de produção de lâmina, descrito pela primeira vez na pré-história brasileira. Apesar da ausência de núcleos, pela análise das lâminas observamos os métodos e as técnicas de produção das mesmas e os seus potenciais funcionais. Com este estudo afirmamos a necessidade de maior desenvolvimento de estudos tecnológicos detalhados para melhor entendermos o povoamento do Brasil em toda a sua complexidade.
Liturgia monetária em Cirene no século IV a.C.
Authors: Puccini Daniela
Published: November 2016

É um lugar-comum nos estudos numismáticos, considerar que os nomes de personagens presentes nas moedas gregas eram de magistrados encarregados da produção monetária nas diversas polis. Este artigo apresenta uma síntese da pesquisa empreendida no âmbito de um doutorado em Arqueologia e História, que propõe discutir a função que estes personagens desempenharam na cunhagem de Cirene em período clássico a partir do cruzamento entre documento numismático e epigráfico e o levantamento do contexto histórico-arqueológico em que as moedas foram produzidas. Irregularidades na análise de ligação de cunhos, que atestam a contemporaneidade das emissões, sinalizam que estes nomes não obedeciam a uma sucessão de magistrados no cargo em intervalos regulares e reforçam a hipótese de que se tratavam de doadores de metal para a produção monetária da pólis.
Metodologia para análise tecnológica em cristais de quartzo.
Authors: Bassi Luis Felipe
Published: November 2016

O tema deste artigo foi discutido na dissertação de mestrado sobre a análise tecnológica do cristal de quartzo proveniente do sítio arqueológico Bibocas II, em Jequitaí/MG (Bassi, 2012). Pela avaliação dos ângulos entre as facetas naturais do cristal, identificam-se elementos importantes dos processos de lascamento, de modo que o método proposto permite localizar a lasca no suporte/núcleo e mapear possíveis métodos de lascamento.
Arqueologia na floresta: contribuição metodológica da pesquisa na Floresta Nacional Tapirapé-Aquiri – FLONATA, área do Salobo, Pará
Authors: Silveira Maura Imazio da , Rodrigues Maria Christina Leal F. , Oliveira Elisangela R. de , Losier Louis-Martin
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta a metodologia de salvamento arqueológico empregada no resgate de sítios localizados em área de floresta tropical situada no sudeste do estado do Pará, município de Marabá. A delimitação sistemática através de tradagens em malha com intervalos equidistantes entre 10 m e 1 m, aliada a escavações por níveis naturais nas áreas centrais e periféricas dos sítios arqueológicos, possibilitaram a observação de processos de continuidade e descontinuidade na ocupação dos assentamentos e da formação da Terra Preta Arqueológica, aqui relacionada a áreas de atividade dentro das aldeias. A metodologia aplicada demonstrou a viabilidade de pesquisas sistemáticas em áreas com densa cobertura vegetal, assim como a análise crítica de seus alcances e limites. Os 22 sítios arqueológicos pesquisados forneceram informações que auxiliaram no entendimento da história de ocupação desta área, iniciada há 6.000 anos. Essas informações abrangem dados sobre a implantação dos sítios na paisagem, tipologia funcional dos assentamentos (habitação e acampamento) e cronologias de ocupação (inter e intra-sítios). Este trabalho contribuirá ainda na construção do conhecimento da ocupação pré-história local e regional.
Objetos, paisagens e patrimônio: introdução
Authors: Plens Claudia R.
Published: November 2016

Este projeto de inventário do patrimônio de Guarulhos, embora traga uma longa pesquisa e múltiplas e profundas discussões, é apenas o gatilho inicial de um projeto que não se acaba em si, mas que instiga e permite o desenvolvimentode diversos projetos sobre arqueologia, história, cultura, patrimônio e memória pordiferentes agentes da sociedade civil e entidades pública e privada.Quanto à proteção e conservação do patrimônio cultural, como discutido no artigoprimeiro e nono, esta depende, sobretudo, das práticas que a própria sociedade gera em torno de seu patrimônio e da relação da sociedade em seus distintos segmentos sociais.
Patrimônio e inventário: a escolha do objeto
Authors: Plens Claudia R. , Francisco Gilberto Da Silva
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem como premissa a discussão de como a sociedade do presente lida com as questões patrimoniais, desde a eleição dos objetos até as consequências das escolhas no saber e gerenciamento do patrimônio. Para tanto trata os conceitos patrimoniais para depois considerar seus usos, tanto para os tomadores de decisão sobre o patrimônio quanto para a população a quem, de fato, interessa a existência de medidas protetoras de patrimônio. Essa discussão nos dará a base para discutir o modo como a população lida com seus objetos e para a possibilidade de práticas de ações conjuntas com maior justiça e ética entre sociedade civil e órgãos governamentais no que diz respeito ao patrimônio da sociedade.
Terras, ouro e cativeiro: a ocupação do aldeamento dos Guarulhos nos séculos XVI e XVII.
Authors: Vilardaga José Carlos
Published: November 2016

Neste texto – apoio documental e do campo da história social ao trabalho de investigação arqueológica da região de Guarulhos (PIPAG) – analisa-se a expansão e ocupação colonial no território que configuraria mais tarde o município guarulhense. Centrada nos séculos XVI e XVII, a pesquisa busca acompanhar o assentamento de colonos em datas e sesmarias, e as formas de transmissão dessas propriedades entre algumas poucas famílias. Investiga as formas de beneficiamento dessas terras, dentre elas a produção agrícola, criação pastoril e principalmente a mineração de ouro, essa última, atividade fundamental na exploração do território e pouco analisada na historiografia. Por fim, o texto discute as interações estabelecidas entre os colonos e os índios, assentados no aldeamento de Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos e imediações, problematizando as formas de agência indígena.
Terra de índio x terra de branco: presença indígena e apropriação de terras em Guarulhos, sécs. XVII-XIX
Authors: Miranda Márcia Eckert
Published: November 2016

O texto discute a transformação da sociedade e do território guarulhenses,através da análise do processo de apropriação privada das terras doaldeamento original, pois a trajetória da apropriação de terras em Guarulhos étambém a história do processo de desamortização das terras aldeamento de NossaSenhora da Conceição, fator e consequência da redução progressiva da populaçãoindígena. As fontes documentais analisadas – a série “Registros de Terras daProvíncia de São Paulo”, produzida em obediência à Lei n. 601, de 18 de marçode 1850, e o Livro Primeiro de Aforamentos de Guarulhos. Essas, ao lado daanálise da legislação, permitiram traçar o processo de apropriação de terras pelaelite guarulhense como uma consequência da progressiva desamortização dasterras do antigo aldeamento ao longo do século XIX.
Heart Failure Stages Among Older Adults in the Community
Authors: Shah Amil M. , Claggett Brian , Loehr Laura R. , Chang Patricia P. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Kitzman Dalane , Konety Suma , Kucharska-Newton Anna , Sueta Carla A. , Mosley Thomas H. , Wright Jacqueline D. , Coresh Joseph , Heiss Gerardo , Folsom Aaron R. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Although heart failure (HF) disproportionately affects older adults, little data exist regarding the prevalence of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association HF stages among older individuals in the community. Additionally, the role of contemporary measures of longitudinal strain and diastolic dysfunction in defining HF stages is unclear.

Methods:

HF stages were classified in 6118 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (67–91 years of age) at the fifth study visit as follows: A (asymptomatic with HF risk factors but no cardiac structural or functional abnormalities), B (asymptomatic with structural abnormalities, defined as left ventricular hypertrophy, dilation or dysfunction, or significant valvular disease), C1 (clinical HF without prior hospitalization), and C2 (clinical HF with earlier hospitalization).

Results:

Using the traditional definitions of HF stages, only 5% of examined participants were free of HF risk factors or structural heart disease (Stage 0), 52% were categorized as Stage A, 30% Stage B, 7% Stage C1, and 6% Stage C2. Worse HF stage was associated with a greater risk of incident HF hospitalization or death at a median follow-up of 608 days. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was preserved in 77% and 65% in Stages C1 and C2, respectively. Incorporation of longitudinal strain and diastolic dysfunction into the Stage B definition reclassified 14% of the sample from Stage A to B and improved the net reclassification index (
P
=0.028) and integrated discrimination index (
P
=0.016). Abnormal LV structure, systolic function (based on LV ejection fraction and longitudinal strain), and diastolic function (based on e’, E/e’, and left atrial volume index) were each independently and additively associated with risk of incident HF hospitalization or death in Stage A and B participants.

Conclusions:

The majority of older adults in the community are at risk for HF (Stages A or B), appreciably more compared with previous reports in younger community-based samples. LV ejection fraction is robustly preserved in at least two-thirds of older adults with prevalent HF (Stage C), highlighting the burden of HF with preserved LV ejection fraction in the elderly. LV diastolic function and longitudinal strain provide incremental prognostic value beyond conventional measures of LV structure and LV ejection fraction in identifying persons at risk for HF hospitalization or death.
Elongation of Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Family Member 6 (Elovl6)‐Driven Fatty Acid Metabolism Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Through AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase/Krüppel‐Like Factor 4 (AMPK/KLF4) Signaling
Authors: Sunaga Hiroaki , Matsui Hiroki , Anjo Saki , Syamsunarno Mas Risky A. A. , Koitabashi Norimichi , Iso Tatsuya , Matsuzaka Takashi , Shimano Hitoshi , Yokoyama Tomoyuki , Kurabayashi Masahiko
Published: November 2016

Background

Fatty acids constitute the critical components of cell structure and function, and dysregulation of fatty acid composition may exert diverging vascular effects including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s). However, direct evidence for this hypothesis has been lacking. We investigated the role of elongation of long‐chain fatty acid member 6 (Elovl6), a rate‐limiting enzyme catalyzing the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated long‐chain fatty acid, in the regulation of phenotypic switching of
VSMC
.

Methods and Results

Neointima formation following wire injury was markedly inhibited in Elovl6‐null (Elovl6
−/−
) mice, and cultured
VSMC
s with si
RNA
‐mediated knockdown of Elovl6 was barely responsive to
PDGF
‐
BB
. Elovl6 inhibition induced cell cycle suppressors p53 and p21 and reduced the mammalian targets of rapamycin (
mTOR
) phosphorylation and
VSMC
marker expression. These changes are ascribed to increased palmitate levels and reduced oleate levels, changes that lead to reactive oxygen species (
ROS
) production and resulting
AMP
‐activated protein kinase (
AMPK
) activation. Notably, Elovl6 inhibition robustly induced the pluripotency gene Krüppel‐like factor 4 (
KLF
4) expression in
VSMC
, and
KLF
4 knockdown significantly attenuated
AMPK
‐induced phenotypic switching of
VSMC
, indicating that
KLF
4 is a bona fide target of
AMPK
.

Conclusions

We demonstrate for the first time that dysregulation of Elovl6‐driven long‐chain fatty acid metabolism induces phenotypic switching of
VSMC
via
ROS
production and
AMPK
/
KLF
4 signaling that leads to growth arrest and downregulation of
VSMC
marker expression. The modulation of Elovl6‐mediated cellular processes may provide an intriguing approach for tackling atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis.
Association of Systemic Arterial Properties With Right Ventricular Morphology: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)‐Right Ventricle Study
Authors: Al‐Naamani Nadine , Chirinos Julio A. , Zamani Payman , Ruthazer Robin , Paulus Jessica K. , Roberts Kari E. , Barr R. Graham , Lima Joao A. , Bluemke David A. , Kronmal Richard , Kawut Steven M.
Published: November 2016

Background

Systemic arterial stiffness is recognized as a major contributor to development of left ventricular dysfunction and failure; however, the relationship of systemic arterial properties and the right ventricle (
RV
) is unknown.

Methods and Results

The associations between systemic arterial measures (total arterial compliance [
TAC
], systemic vascular resistance [
SVR
], and aortic augmentation index [
AI
]) and
RV
morphology (mass, end‐systolic [
RVESV
] and end‐diastolic volume [
RVEDV
], and ejection fraction [
RVEF
]) were examined using data from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. All analyses were adjusted for anthropometric, demographic, and clinical variables and the corresponding left ventricular parameter. A total of 3842 subjects without clinical cardiovascular disease were included with a mean age of 61 years, 48% male, 39% non‐Hispanic white, 25% Chinese‐American, 23% Hispanic, and 13% black. RV measures were within normal range for age and sex. A 1‐mL/mm Hg decrease in
TAC
was associated with 3.9‐mL smaller
RVESV
, 7.6‐mL smaller
RVEDV
, and 2.4‐g lower
RV
mass. A 5‐Wood‐unit increase in
SVR
was associated with 0.6‐mL decrease in
RVESV
, 1.7‐mL decrease in
RVEDV
, and 0.4‐g decrease in
RV
mass. A 1% increase in
AI
was associated with 0.2‐mL decrease in
RVEDV
. We found significant effect modification by age, sex, and race for some of these relationships, with males, whites, and younger individuals having greater decreases in
RV
volumes and mass.

Conclusions

Markers of increased systemic arterial load were associated with smaller
RV
volumes and lower
RV
mass in a population of adults without clinical cardiovascular disease.
Contemporary Trends and Age‐Specific Sex Differences in Management and Outcome for Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Marini Marco , Gonzini Lucio , Boccanelli Alessandro , Casella Gianni , Chiarella Francesco , De Servi Stefano , Di Chiara Antonio , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Olivari Zoran , Caretta Giorgio , Lenatti Laura , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Savonitto Stefano
Published: November 2016

Background

Age‐ and sex‐specific differences exist in the treatment and outcome of
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
). We sought to describe age‐ and sex‐matched contemporary trends of in‐hospital management and outcome of patients with
STEMI
.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from 5 Italian nationwide prospective registries, conducted between 2001 and 2014, including consecutive patients with
STEMI
. All the analyses were age‐ and sex‐matched, considering 4 age classes: <55, 55 to 64, 65 to 74, and ≥75 years. A total of 13 235 patients were classified as having
STEMI
(72.1% men and 27.9% women). A progressive shift from thrombolysis to primary percutaneous coronary intervention occurred over time, with a concomitant increase in overall reperfusion rates (
P
for trend <0.0001), which was consistent across sex and age classes. The crude rates of in‐hospital death were 3.2% in men and 8.4% in women (
P
<0.0001), with a significant increase over age classes for both sexes and a significant decrease over time for both sexes (all
P
for trend <0.01). On multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio 1.09, 95%
CI
1.07–1.10,
P
<0.0001) and female sex (odds ratio 1.44, 95%
CI
1.07–1.93,
P
=0.009) were found to be significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality after adjustment for other risk factors, but no significant interaction between these 2 variables was observed (
P
for interaction=0.61).

Conclusions

Despite a nationwide shift from thrombolytic therapy to primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
 affecting both sexes and all ages, women continue to experience higher in‐hospital mortality than men, irrespective of age.
Association of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity With Clinical Features of Metabolic Syndrome: Relevance to Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gall Julie , Frisdal Eric , Bittar Randa , Le Goff Wilfried , Bruckert Eric , Lesnik Philippe , Guerin Maryse , Giral Philippe
Published: November 2016

Background

The contribution of high‐density lipoprotein to cardiovascular benefit is closely linked to its role in the cellular cholesterol efflux process; however, various clinical and biochemical variables are known to modulate the overall cholesterol efflux process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which clinical and biological anomalies associated with the establishment of the metabolic syndrome modulate cholesterol efflux capacity and contribute to development of atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

This study involved patients (n=1202) displaying atherogenic dyslipidemia in primary prevention who were referred to our prevention center. Among these patients, 25% presented at least 3 criteria of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. We measured the capacity of 40‐fold diluted serum to mediate cholesterol efflux from cholesterol‐loaded human
THP
‐1 macrophages. Cholesterol efflux capacity was reduced progressively by 4% to 11% (
P
<0.0001) as a function of the increasing number of coexisting criteria for the metabolic syndrome from 1 to 5. This observation was primarily related to reductions in scavenger receptor class B member 1 and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1–dependent efflux. Multivariate analyses indicate that serum efflux capacity was significantly associated with established metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 0.45; 95%
CI
0.28–0.72;
P
=0.009) independent of age, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, status with regard to lipid‐lowering therapy, smoking status, and alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that individual criteria of metabolic syndrome are closely related synergistically to cholesterol efflux capacity. In addition, established metabolic syndrome and cholesterol efflux capacity were independently associated with clinical features of atherosclerosis.
The Limit of Narratives: Ethnicity and Indigenous Rights in Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Hadiprayitno Irene I.
Published: November 2016

As in many countries in Asia, the concept “indigenous” is a highly contested term in Indonesia. The government is of the opinion that Indonesia is a nation that has no indigenous peoples, or that all Indonesians are equally indigenous. The article aims to analyse the role and the paradox of using ethnic narratives, i.e. distinct social, economic or political systems, as well as language, culture and beliefs as their material and political basis, in the articulation of indigenous rights. Upon discussing a case study from Papua, Indonesia, it is observed that the use of ethnic narratives does create opportunity structures necessary for the struggles of indigenous rights. However, the salience of these endeavours is shaped by how these groups, their autonomy and marginalisation are positioned in the wider context of development, sovereignty and territoriality, which make them also dependent on the design and orientation of the state.
Avian type specimens and their type localities from Otto Schütt's and Friedrich von Mechow's Angolan collections in the Museum für Naturkunde of the Humboldt-University of Berlin
Authors: STEINHEIMER FRANK D. , DEAN W. R. J.
Published: November 2016

A comprehensive list of all avian type specimens in the Angolan collections of Otto Schütt and Major Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander von Mechow housed in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) is given for the new avian taxa originally described by Cabanis, Reichenow, Neumann, Grote and Neuzig in the late 19th and early 20th century. Each entry discusses the collection history of the specimens, the type locality, nomenclature and taxonomy.
Description of the tadpole of Itapotihyla langsdorffii (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: PIMENTA BRUNO V. S. , CANEDO CLARISSA
Published: November 2016

The tadpole of Itapotihyla langsdorffii is described and illustrated. Morphological data are compared with available information on tadpoles of casque-headed frogs occurring in the Atlantic Rainforest (genera Aparasphenodon and Trachycephalus), and also with Osteocephalus. The ontogenetic shift in tooth row formula and the great similarity on tadpole external morphology among these genera do not allow the use of the examined larval characters on generic diagnoses. However, we present some juvenile characters which may support the validity of Itapotihyla. The confrontation of the hypotheses concerning oral disk morphology and larval habitat types of the casque-headed tree frogs with the phylogeny of the Lophiohylini indicates that the ancestral larval habitat of this tribe was lentic and that the high number of tooth rows in this clade is not related to larval habitat.
Spectrum Reconstruction of a Spatially Modulated Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on Stepped Mirrors
Authors: Gao Jianhua , Liang Zhongzhu , Liang Jingqiu , Wang Weibiao , Lü Jinguang , Qin Yuxin
Published: November 2016

Based on the basic configuration and interference principle of a static step-mirror-based Fourier transform spectrometer, an image segmentation method is proposed to obtain a one-dimensional interferogram. The direct current component of the interferogram is fit using the least squares (LS) method and is subsequently removed. An empirical-mode decomposition-method-based high-pass filter is constructed to denoise the spectrum and enhance the spectral resolution simultaneously. Several experiments were performed and the spectrum is reconstructed based on these methods. The spectrum resolution is 81 cm–1 at 2254 cm–1.
Chinese culture and its influence on female prisoner behavior in the prisoner–guard relationship
Authors: Liu Liu , Chui Wing Hong
Published: November 2016

Although scholars have shown continuing interest in studying prisoner behavior, relatively few studies focus on Chinese female prisoners’ behavior in the prisoner–guard relationship. In this study, 65 semi-structured interviews were conducted with both female prisoners and guards to document Chinese culture’s influence on female prisoners’ behavior. According to the findings, female prisoners mainly choose to maintain good guanxi (interpersonal relationships) with guards, in order to pragmatically maximize the benefits of these relationships. In addition to this, based on personalism and pragmatism, they usually act in an individualistic manner, instead of forming prisoner sub-cultures. These findings suggest that Chinese female prisoners use multiple strategies to manage their relationships with guards, tending to employ methods centered on the notion of guanxi.
K-12 School Diversity and Social Cohesion: Evidence in Support of a Compelling State Interest
Authors: Mikulyuk Ashley B. , Braddock Jomills H.
Published: November 2016

Despite existing research that demonstrates the benefits of racial diversity in education, the Court has become increasingly disinclined to allow the use of race or ethnicity in education policy targeted to increase race/ethnic diversity, absent a compelling state interest. The debate over the merits of educational diversity has almost exclusively focused on individual-level outcomes, ignoring consequences for society at large. We argue that this restricted conception of the goals of diversity may limit our understanding of how diverse learning opportunities represent compelling societal interests. Using macro-level data of 29 U.S. metropolitan areas, we examine the societal impact of K-12 diversity on an important societal attribute, intergroup social cohesion. This research has the potential to inform education policy and judicial sentiment about diversity as a compelling state interest in an increasingly diverse society.
Using Cluster Bootstrapping to Analyze Nested Data With a Few Clusters
Authors: Huang Francis L.
Published: November 2016

Cluster randomized trials involving participants nested within intact treatment and control groups are commonly performed in various educational, psychological, and biomedical studies. However, recruiting and retaining intact groups present various practical, financial, and logistical challenges to evaluators and often, cluster randomized trials are performed with a low number of clusters (~20 groups). Although multilevel models are often used to analyze nested data, researchers may be concerned of potentially biased results due to having only a few groups under study. Cluster bootstrapping has been suggested as an alternative procedure when analyzing clustered data though it has seen very little use in educational and psychological studies. Using a Monte Carlo simulation that varied the number of clusters, average cluster size, and intraclass correlations, we compared standard errors using cluster bootstrapping with those derived using ordinary least squares regression and multilevel models. Results indicate that cluster bootstrapping, though more computationally demanding, can be used as an alternative procedure for the analysis of clustered data when treatment effects at the group level are of primary interest. Supplementary material showing how to perform cluster bootstrapped regressions using R is also provided.
Independence Pending
Authors: Roesler Rebecca A.
Published: November 2016

The purposes of the present study were to identify the teacher behaviors that preceded learners’ active participation in solving musical and technical problems and describe learners’ roles in the problem-solving process. I applied an original model of problem solving to describe the behaviors of teachers and students in 161 rehearsal frames extracted from 43 lessons with five artist-teachers. Results indicate that the number and type of learner problem-solving components varied according to the preceding teacher behavior. The teacher behaviors that most often preceded learner problem solving were varying the specificity of feedback and directives, asking questions, demonstrating contrasting options, stating principles, and refraining from answering learners’ questions.
Roads for the 1940 Portuguese Nationality Commemorations: Modernising by excess in a context of scarcity
Authors: Luísa Sousa M
Published: November 2016

The history of two roads projected and built for cars during the first phase of the Estado Novo dictatorship in Portugal (1933–1945) is reconstructed in the context of similar developments in interwar Europe, showing the particularities of a peripheral European country. It shows the importance of automobile infrastructure to this dictatorial regime, the political uses of this technological sublime, and the controversies triggered by the exceptionality and arbitrariness with which this road plan was carried out. The Lisbon–Cascais coastal road and the Lisbon–National Stadium motorway stretch were two small roads compared with the national network, for which the State concentrated substantial economic and technical resources because of political reasons, but also due to concerns about urban development and tourism. Their construction entailed the development of national engineering and the promotion of future car use.
Reconsidering the “Asphalt Identikit”
Authors: Plastow Nicola Ann
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim

The “asphalt identikit” theory suggests that driving cessation inevitably leads to feelings of incompetence and dependency. This article challenges this proposition by investigating the driving-related possible selves of British older adults living in West London.

Methods

Thematic analysis of data from 19 of 39 interviews in which older adults participating in a larger study talked about driving in the context of their grocery shopping.

Results

Three themes were evident: “I can drive – that makes a huge difference,” “Expecting to lose my license,” and “I gave up my license.”

Discussion

Driving cessation is not a dreaded possible self for all older adults. Older adults may use a variety of identity maintenance processes to retain their positive sense of self.

Conclusions

Mental well-being can be maintained during driving cessation by finding ways to compensate for the loss of a license and finding alternative ways of achieving hoped-for possible selves.
Fifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Saebi Tina
Published: November 2016

Over the last 15 years, business model innovation (BMI) has gained an increasing amount of attention in management research and among practitioners. The emerging BMI literature addresses an important phenomenon but lacks theoretical underpinning, and empirical inquiry is not cumulative. Thus, a concerted research effort seems warranted. Accordingly, we take stock of the extant literature on BMI. We identify and analyze 150 peer-reviewed scholarly articles on BMI published between 2000 and 2015. We provide the first comprehensive systematic review of the BMI literature, include a critical assessment of these research efforts, and offer suggestions for future research. We argue that the literature faces problems with respect to construct clarity and has gaps with respect to the identification of antecedent conditions, contingencies, and outcomes. We identify important avenues for future research and show how the complexity theory, innovation, and other streams of literature can help overcome many of the gaps in the BMI literature.
Veno-venous ECMO as a safe bridge to recovery in a patient with severe peripartum cardiomyopathy – learning from errors
Authors: Ull Christopher , Schildhauer Thomas Armin , Strauch Justus T. , Mügge Andreas , Swol Justyna
Published: November 2016

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The most important tool for diagnostic confirmation is transthoracic echocardiography. The recommended management of PPCM in pregnancy is summarized by the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Guidelines. Few data exist on the treatment of patients with fulminant PPCM and the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in this context. We report on a young multiparous woman with cardiogenic shock caused by severe PPCM who was successfully, but atypically, supported with veno-venous ECMO as a bridge to recovery immediately after the birth of her third child.
A comparison of parenting stress and children’s internalising, externalising and attachment-related behaviour difficulties in UK adoptive and non-adoptive families
Authors: Harris-Waller Jayne , Granger Charlotte , Gurney-Smith Ben
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to increase understanding of the impact of the parenting task in a representative sample of adoptive and non-adoptive parents in the UK. Cross-sectional data from two UK samples were collected: (1) 86 adoptive parents and (2) 167 biological parents, of children aged 3–11 years. Parenting stress and parent-reported child internalising, externalising and attachment-related behaviour difficulties were assessed via online questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and analysis of covariance. Compared with their biological counterparts, adoptive parents described higher parenting stress, which was explained by their reports of greater child difficulties, including attachment-related problems. The same was found for biological parents but with lower levels of stress and child difficulties. Thus, the unique nature of the adoptive parenting task indicates that parenting stress should be considered a risk factor when difficulties are present in adoptive families. Furthermore, service thresholds may be better informed by this understanding, particularly as this study found that while just under half of children had high levels of difficulties, under one-third of parents reported receiving services.
Maternal marital satisfaction during the first six months following international adoption
Authors: Martin Nicole , Rosenhauer Anna M , Greco M Grant
Published: November 2016

International adoption can be a rewarding way for parents to build a family and many varied factors contribute to a positive adoption outcome. In particular, the period of adjustment just prior to and following an international adoption is a major transition for the adoptive family. Positive outcomes are related to both lower parental stress and higher marital satisfaction of the adoptive parents, and strong marital support is a protective factor ( Mainemer, Gilman and Ames, 1998 ). Examining the marital relationship during this time of transition may bring understanding of the effects of the adoption process on the parents’ marital relationship; identifying characteristics that indicate susceptibility to marital discord and possible areas for intervention increases the chances of a positive adoption outcome. This study examined 49 mothers’ perceptions of marital satisfaction, marital happiness and personal stress in the weeks preceding and the months following an international adoption. Women are often the primary caregivers of the newly adopted child and mothers tend to indicate distress during this period, therefore this investigation focused on the maternal viewpoint. The sample included children who had been designated as special needs in the country of origin as well as others who had not. The findings suggest that marriages with positive perceptions and satisfaction prior to adoption fare best during the early months post-adoption. Older women reported less positive perceptions of their marriages and spouses; therefore, mothers beyond childbearing age may benefit from further support.
The social orientations and ideologies of UK finance employees at the onset of the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Cebulla Andreas
Published: November 2016

Debates about the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 have pointed at institutional and individual-behavioural factors as its causes. Using the British Household Panel Survey, this article highlights marked differences in perceptions of societal and economic fairness among financial services employees in investment or management positions in the United Kingdom and the general working population at the brink of the Global Financial Crisis. Panel data analysis suggests that financial services and occupations did not necessarily attract employees with pro-market attitudes, but that employment in these institutions and occupations made it more likely that employees came to display these perceptions, contributing to the construction of a distinct attitudinal profile of finance employees.
Freedom’s Right: Critical social theory and the challenge of neoliberalism
Authors: Foster Roger
Published: November 2016

My article offers a sustained critique of the idea of critical social theory presented by Axel Honneth in Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life. My article articulates three specific criticisms: (1) the focus on normative relations of recognition obscures the class-based forms of power that pervade contemporary advanced democracies, (2) the method of normative reconstruction cannot make sense of the open-ended nature of class struggle that drives social change in capitalist societies, and (3) Honneth’s political and social prescriptions ignore the consequences of the failure of traditional progressive politics. My article makes an important and original contribution to the literature on Honneth’s recent work in two major respects. First, I argue that Honneth’s descriptions of the fate of the family and the market today betray a failure to understand the configuration of class power in contemporary neoliberal societies. Second, I make the case that the basis for a more successful theory of class power, identity formation, and social change can be found in the ‘first-generation’ critical social theory of Erich Fromm.