bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The SecA motor generates mechanical force during protein translocation
Authors: Gupta Riti , Toptygin Dmitri , Kaiser Christian M.
Published: July 2020

The Sec translocon moves proteins across lipid bilayers in all cells. The Sec channel enables passage of unfolded proteins through the bacterial plasma membrane, driven by the cytosolic ATPase SecA. Whether SecA generates mechanical force to overcome barriers to translocation posed by structured substrate proteins is unknown. Here, we kinetically dissect Sec-dependent translocation by monitoring translocation of a folded substrate protein with tunable stability at high time resolution. We find that substrate unfolding constitutes the rate-limiting step during translocation. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we also define the response of the protein to mechanical force. Relating the kinetic and force measurements reveals that SecA generates at least 10 piconewtons of mechanical force to actively unfold translocating proteins, comparable to cellular unfoldases. Combining biochemical and single-molecule measurements thus allows us to define how the SecA motor ensures efficient and robust export of proteins that contain stable structure.
Unveiling the ferrielectric nature of PbZrO3-based antiferroelectric materials
Authors: Fu Zhengqian , Chen Xuefeng , Li Zhenqin , Hu Tengfei , Zhang Linlin , Lu Ping , Zhang Shujun , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin , Xu Fangfang
Published: July 2020

Benefitting from the reversible phase transition between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric states, antiferroelectric materials have recently received widespread attentions for energy storage applications. Antiferroelectric configuration with specific antiparallel dipoles has been used to establish antiferroelectric theories and understand its characteristic behaviors. Here, we report that the so-called antiferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 system is actually ferrielectric in nature. We demonstrate different ferrielectric configurations, which consists of ferroelectric ordering segments with either magnitude or angle modulation of dipoles. The ferrielectric configurations are mainly contributed from the coupling between A-cations and O-anions, and their displacement behavior is dependent largely on the chemical doping. Of particular significance is that the width and net polarization of ferroelectric ordering segments can be tailored by composition, which is linearly related to the key electrical characteristics, including switching field, remanent polarization and dielectric constant. These findings provide opportunities for comprehending structure-property correlation, developing antiferroelectric/ferrielectric theories and designing novel ferroic materials.
Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lei Xiaobo , Dong Xiaojing , Ma Ruiyi , Wang Wenjing , Xiao Xia , Tian Zhongqin , Wang Conghui , Wang Ying , Li Li , Ren Lili , Guo Fei , Zhao Zhendong , Zhou Zhuo , Xiang Zichun , Wang Jianwei
Published: July 2020

The pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented threat to global public health. However, the interplay between the viral pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and host innate immunity is poorly understood. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 induces overt but delayed type-I interferon (IFN) responses. By screening 23 viral proteins, we find that SARS-CoV-2 NSP1, NSP3, NSP12, NSP13, NSP14, ORF3, ORF6 and M protein inhibit Sendai virus-induced IFN-β promoter activation, whereas NSP2 and S protein exert opposite effects. Further analyses suggest that ORF6 inhibits both type I IFN production and downstream signaling, and that the C-terminus region of ORF6 is critical for its antagonistic effect. Finally, we find that IFN-β treatment effectively blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. In summary, our study shows that SARS-CoV-2 perturbs host innate immune response via both its structural and nonstructural proteins, and thus provides insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
Abnormal dewetting of Ag layer on three-dimensional ITO branches to form spatial plasmonic nanoparticles for organic solar cells
Authors: Dong Wan Jae , Yu Hak Ki , Lee Jong-Lam
Published: July 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic structures have attracted great attention because abnormal wetting behavior of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) on 3D nanostructure can enhance the localized surface plasmons (LSPs). However, previous 3D plasmonic nanostructures inherently had weak plasmonic light absorption, low electrical conductivity, and optical transmittance. Here, we fabricated a novel 3D plasmonic nanostructure composed of Ag NPs as the metal for strong LSPs and 3D nano-branched indium tin oxide (ITO BRs) as a transparent and conductive framework. The Ag NPs formed on the ITO BRs have a more dewetted behavior than those formed on the ITO films. We experimentally investigated the reasons for the dewetting behavior of Ag NPs concerning the geometry of ITO BRs. The spherical Ag NPs are spatially separated and have high density, thereby resulting in strong LSPs. Finite-domain time-difference simulation evidenced that spatially-separated, high-density and spherical Ag NPs formed on ITO BRs dramatically boost the localized electric field in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs). Photocurrent of PTB7:PCBM OSCs with the ITO BRs/Ag NPs increased by 14%.
Molecular and metabolomic changes in the proximal colon of pigs infected with Trichuris suis
Authors: Dawson Harry D. , Chen Celine , Li Robert W. , Bell Lauren Nicole , Shea-Donohue Terez , Kringel Helene , Beshah Ethiopia , Hill Dolores E. , Urban Joseph F.
Published: July 2020

The pig whipwormTrichuris suisis important in swine production because of its negative effects on pig performance and, notably, to some humans with inflammatory bowel disease as a therapeutic agent that modulates inflammation. The proximal colon ofT. suis-infected pigs exhibited general inflammation around day 21 after inoculation with infective eggs that is transcriptionally characterized by markers of type-2 immune activation, inflammation, cellular infiltration, tissue repair enzymes, pathways of oxidative stress, and altered intestinal barrier function. Prominent gene pathways involved the Th2-response, de novo cholesterol synthesis, fructose and glucose metabolism, basic amino acid metabolism, and bile acid transport. Upstream regulatory factor analysis implicated the bile acid/farnesoid X receptor in some of these processes. Metabolic analysis indicated changes in fatty acids, antioxidant capacity, biochemicals related to methylation, protein glycosylation, extracellular matrix structure, sugars, Krebs cycle intermediates, microbe-derived metabolites and altered metabolite transport. Close to 1,200 differentially expressed genes were modulated in the proximal colon of pigs with a persistent adult worm infection that was nearly 90% lower in pigs that had expelled worms. The results support a model to test diets that favorably alter the microbiome and improve host intestinal health in both pigs and humans exposed toTrichuris.
Immune network dysregulation precedes clinical diagnosis of asthma
Authors: Chang Yi-Shin , Turturice Benjamin , Schott Cody , Finn Patricia , Perkins David
Published: July 2020

Allergic asthma is a chronic disease beginning in childhood that is characterized by dominant T-helper 2 cell activation without adequate counter-regulation by T-helper 1 cell and regulatory T cell activity. Prior transcriptomic studies of childhood asthma have primarily investigated subjects who already have a disease diagnosis, and have generally taken an approach of differential gene expression as opposed to differential gene interactions. The immune states that predispose towards allergic sensitization and disease development remain ill defined. We thus characterize immune networks of asthmatic predisposition in children at the age of 2, prior to the diagnosis of allergic asthma, who are subsequently diagnosed with asthma at the age of 7. We show extensive differences of gene expression networks and gene regulatory networks in children who develop asthma versus those who do not using transcriptomic data from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, transcription factors that bind proximally to one another share patterns of dysregulation, suggesting that network differences prior to asthma diagnosis result from altered accessibility of gene targets. In summary, we demonstrate non-allergen-specific immune network dysregulation in individuals long before clinical asthma diagnosis.
Cementitious composite materials for thermal energy storage applications: a preliminary characterization and theoretical analysis
Authors: Lavagna Luca , Burlon Davide , Nisticò Roberto , Brancato Vincenza , Frazzica Andrea , Pavese Matteo , Chiavazzo Eliodoro
Published: July 2020

The lack of robust and low-cost sorbent materials still represents a formidable technological barrier for long-term storage of (renewable) thermal energy and more generally for Adsorptive Heat Transformations—AHT. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing cement-based composite sorbent materials. In fact, considering the number of available hygrosopic salts that can be accommodated into a cementitious matrix—whose morphological properties can be also fine-tuned—the new proposed in situ synthesis paves the way to the generation of an entire new class of possible sorbents for AHT. Here, solely focusing on magnesium sulfate in a class G cement matrix, we show preliminary morphological, mechanical and calorimetric characterization of sub-optimal material samples. Our analysis enables us to theoretically estimate one of the most important figures of merit for the considered applications, namely the energy density which was found to range within 0.088–0.2 GJ/m3 (for the best tested sample) under reasonable operating conditions for space heating applications and temperate climate. The above estimates are found to be lower than other composite materials in the literature. Nonetheless, although no special material optimization has been implemented, our samples already compare favourably with most of the known materials in terms of specific cost of stored energy. Finally, an interesting aspect is found in the ageing tests under water sorption-desorption cycling, where a negligible variation in the adsorption capability is demonstrated after over one-hundred cycles.
Electric-double-layer p–i–n junctions in WSe2
Authors: Fathipour Sara , Paletti Paolo , Fullerton-Shirey Susan K. , Seabaugh Alan C.
Published: July 2020

While p–n homojunctions in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide materials have been widely reported, few show an ideality factor that is constant over more than a decade in current. In this paper, electric double layer p–i–n junctions in WSe2 are shown with substantially constant ideality factors (2–3) over more than 3 orders of magnitude in current. These lateral junctions use the solid polymer, polyethylene oxide: cesium perchlorate (PEO:CsClO4), to induce degenerate electron and hole carrier densities at the device contacts to form the junction. These high carrier densities aid in reducing the contact resistance and enable the exponential current dependence on voltage to be measured at higher currents than prior reports. Transport measurements of these WSe2p–i–n homojunctions in combination with COMSOL multiphysics simulations are used to quantify the ion distributions, the semiconductor charge distributions, and the simulated band diagram of these junctions, to allow applications to be more clearly considered.
Genomic evidence of recent hybridization between sea turtles at Abrolhos Archipelago and its association to low reproductive output
Authors: Arantes Larissa Souza , Ferreira Lucas Cabral Lage , Driller Maximilian , Repinaldo Filho Fernando Pedro Marinho , Mazzoni Camila Junqueira , Santos Fabrício Rodrigues
Published: July 2020

Hybridization between sea turtle species occurs with particularly high frequency at two adjacent nesting areas in northeastern Brazil. To understand the outcomes of hybridization and their consequences for sea turtle conservation, we need to evaluate the extent of hybridization occurrence and possible deleterious effects in the hybrid progeny. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis of the existence of a new hybrid spot offshore of Brazil’s northeastern coast. The Abrolhos Archipelago is surrounded by the largest and richest coral reefs in the South Atlantic and is known to be a nesting site for loggerhead turtles (Carettacaretta). In this study, we performed a multidisciplinary investigation into levels of hybridization in sea turtles and their reproductive output in the Abrolhos beaches. Genetic data from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and six autosomal markers showed that there are first-generation hybrid females nesting in Abrolhos, resulting from crossings between hawksbill males (Eretmochelysimbricata) and loggerhead females, and backcrossed hatchlings from both parental species. The type and extent of hybridization were characterized using genomic data obtained with the 3RAD method, which confirmed backcrossing between F1 hybrids and loggerhead turtles. The reproductive output data of Abrolhos nests suggests a disadvantage of hybrids when compared to loggerheads. For the first time, we have shown the association between hybridization and low reproductive success, which may represent a threat to sea turtle conservation.
Isoform-specific functions of an evolutionarily conserved 3 bp micro-exon alternatively spliced from another exon in Drosophila homothorax gene
Authors: Chang Ling-Wen , Tseng I-Chieh , Wang Lan-Hsin , Sun Y. Henry
Published: July 2020

Micro-exons are exons of very small size (usually 3–30 nts). Some micro-exons are alternatively spliced. Their functions, regulation and evolution are largely unknown. Here, we present an example of an alternatively spliced 3 bp micro-exon (micro-Ex8) in the homothorax (hth) gene in Drosophila. Hth is involved in many developmental processes. It contains a MH domain and a TALE-class homeodomain (HD). It binds to another homeodomain Exd via its MH domain to promote the nuclear import of the Hth-Exd complex and serve as a cofactor for Hox proteins. The MH and HD domains in Hth as well as the HTh-Exd interaction are highly conserved in evolution. The alternatively spliced micro-exon lies between the exons encoding the MH and HD domains. We provide clear proof that the micro-Ex8 is produced by alternative splicing from a 48 bp full-length exon 8 (FL-Ex8) and the micro-Ex8 is the first three nt is FL-Ex8. We found that the micro-Ex8 is the ancient form and the 3 + 48 organization of alternatively spliced overlapping exons only emerged in the Schizophora group of Diptera and is absolutely conserved in this group. We then used several strategies to test the in vivo function of the two types of isoforms and found that the micro-Ex8 and FL-Ex8 isoforms have largely overlapping functions but also have non-redundant functions that are tissue-specific, which supports their strong evolutionary conservation. Since the different combinations of protein interaction of Hth with Exd and/or Hox can have different DNA target specificity, our finding of alternatively spliced isoforms adds to the spectrum of structural and functional diversity under developmental regulation.
Estimating survival probability using the terrestrial extinction history for the search for extraterrestrial life
Authors: Tsumura Kohji
Published: July 2020

Several exoplanets have been discovered to date, and the next step is the search for extraterrestrial life. However, it is difficult to estimate the number of life-bearing exoplanets because our only template is based on life on Earth. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to estimate the probability that life on Earth has survived from birth to the present based on its terrestrial extinction history. A histogram of the extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic Eon is modeled effectively with a log-normal function, supporting the idea that terrestrial extinction is a random multiplicative process. Assuming that the fitted function is a probability density function of extinction intensity per unit time, the estimated survival probability of life on Earth is $$\sim0.15$$∼0.15 from the beginning of life to the present. This value can be a constraint on $$f_i$$fi in the Drake equation, which contributes to estimating the number of life-bearing exoplanets.
A nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in patients with osteosarcoma as secondary malignancy
Authors: He Yanqi , Liu Han , Wang Shuai , Zhang Jianjun
Published: July 2020

The prognostic factors for survival among patients with secondary osteosarcoma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to develop a practical nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with osteosarcoma as a secondary malignancy. The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was used for the identification of osteosarcoma cases. The total sample comprised 5860 cases of primary osteosarcoma and 268 cases of secondary osteosarcoma during the period from 1973 to 2015. The CSS and overall survival (OS) of primary and secondary osteosarcomas were analyzed. The predictors of CSS for secondary osteosarcoma were identified and integrated to build a nomogram. Validation of the nomogram was performed using concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots. The results indicated that patients with secondary osteosarcoma had poorer CSS and OS than patients with primary osteosarcoma. The nomogram model exhibited high discriminative accuracy in the training cohort (C-index = 0.826), which was confirmed in the internal validation cohort (C-index = 0.791). In addition, the calibration plots confirmed good concordance for prediction of CSS at 3, 5, and 10 years. In conclusion, we developed a practical nomogram that provided individual predictions of CSS for patients with secondary osteosarcoma. This nomogram may help clinicians with prognostic evaluations and with the development of individualized therapies for this aggressive disease.
Binding of S100A6 to actin and the actin–tropomyosin complex
Authors: Jurewicz Ewelina , Robaszkiewicz Katarzyna , Moraczewska Joanna , Filipek Anna
Published: July 2020

S100A6 is a low molecular weight Ca2+-binding protein belonging to the S100 family. Many reports indicate that in the cell S100A6 has an influence on the organization of actin filaments, but so far no direct interaction between S100A6 and actin has been shown. In the present study we investigated binding of S100A6 to actin and the actin–tropomyosin complex. The analyses were performed on G- and F-actin and two tropomyosin isoforms—Tpm1.6 and Tpm1.8. Using purified proteins and a variety of biochemical approaches we have shown that, in a Ca2+-bound form, S100A6 directly interacts with G- and F-actin and with tropomyosin, preferentially with isoform Tpm1.8. S100A6 and tropomyosin bind to the same population of filaments and the presence of tropomyosin on the microfilament facilitates the binding of S100A6. By applying proximity ligation assay we have found that in NIH3T3 fibroblasts S100A6 forms complexes both with actin and with tropomyosin. These results indicate that S100A6, through direct interactions with actin and tropomyosin, might regulate the organization and functional properties of microfilaments.
Optical detection of the magnetophoretic transport of superparamagnetic beads on a micromagnetic array
Authors: Gandhi Dhruv , Li Peng , Rampini Stefano , Parent Charlotte , Lee Gil U.
Published: July 2020

Micromagnetic arrays (MMAs) have proven to be powerful tools for controlling the transport and separation of bioanalytes, i.e., they allow bioanalyte-superparamagnetic (SPM) bead complexes of specific size and magnetization to be moved in a synchronized manner that is precisely controlled with the orientation of an external magnetic field. This article presents a laser-photodetector system for the simple detection of individual SPM beads moving on a specific region of an MMA. This system detects the SPM beads through the change in intensity of reflective light as they move from the highly reflective micromagnetics to the supporting substrate. We demonstrate that this opti-MMA system allowed the size, number, and magnetic and optical properties of the SPM beads to be rapidly determined for regions > 49 µm2 in size. The response of the opti-MMA system was characterized in several optical configurations to develop a theoretical description of its sensitivity and dynamic range. The speed, low-cost, and sensitivity of this system promises to allow MMAs to be readily applied in in vitro diagnostics and biosensing.
In vivo imaging of the hyaloid vascular regression and retinal and choroidal vascular development in rat eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Kim Yongjoo , Park Jang Ryul , Hong Hye Kyoung , Han Myounghee , Lee Jingu , Kim Pilhan , Woo Se Joon , Park Kyu Hyung , Oh Wang-Yuhl
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the hyaloid vascular regression and its relationship to the retinal and choroidal vascular developments using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Normal and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) rat eyes at postnatal day 15, 18, 21, and 24 were longitudinally imaged using OCTA. At each day, two consecutive imaging for visualizing the hyaloid vasculature and the retinal and choroidal vasculatures were conducted. The hyaloid vessel volume and the retinal and choroidal vessel densities were measured. The hyaloid vessel volumes gradually decreased during the regression, although the OIR eyes exhibited large vessel volumes at all time points. A spatial relationship between persistent hyaloid vasculature and retardation of underlying retinal vascular development was observed in the OIR eyes. Furthermore, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was administered intravitreally to additional OIR eyes to observe its effect on the vascular regression and development. The VEGF injection to OIR eyes showed reduced persistent hyaloid vessels in the injected eyes as well as in the non-injected fellow eyes. This study presents longitudinal imaging of intraocular vasculatures in the developing eye and shows the utility of OCTA that can be widely used in studies of vascular development and regression and preclinical evaluation of new anti-angiogenic drugs.
Antenatal magnesium sulfate treatment and risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hong Ji Young , Hong Jee Youn , Choi Yun-Sun , Kim Yoo-Min , Sung Ji-Hee , Choi Suk-Joo , Oh Soo-young , Roh Cheong-Rae , Kim Hye Seon , Sung Se In , Ahn So Yoon , Chang Yun Sil , Park Won Soon
Published: July 2020

Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment is widely used for fetal neuroprotection in women at risk of preterm delivery. However, some studies have recently suggested that in utero MgSO4 exposure is associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This study aimed to investigate the association between antenatal MgSO4 treatment and risk of NEC. This retrospective cohort study included 756 infants born at 24–31 weeks’ gestation. Subjects were classified into three groups: period 1, when MgSO4 treatment protocol for fetal neuroprotection was not adopted (n = 267); period 2, when the protocol was adopted (n = 261); and period 3, when the protocol was withdrawn because of concern of risk of NEC (n = 228). Rates of NEC (≥ stage 2b) were analyzed according to time period and exposure to antenatal MgSO4. Significant difference in the rate of NEC was not found across the three time periods (2.6% vs. 6.5% vs. 4.8% in periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, p = 0.103). The rate of NEC was comparable between the infants unexposed and exposed to antenatal MgSO4 (5.1% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.369). These results showed that antenatal MgSO4 treatment was not associated with risk of NEC in our study population.
A transcriptome and proteome of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus shaped by the genetic composition of its hosts and developmental stage
Authors: Garcia Gustavo R. , Chaves Ribeiro José Marcos , Maruyama Sandra Regina , Gardinassi Luiz Gustavo , Nelson Kristina , Ferreira Beatriz R. , Andrade Thales Galdino , de Miranda Santos Isabel K. Ferreira
Published: July 2020

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, is a monoxenous tick that co-evolved with indicine cattle on the Indian subcontinent. It causes massive damage to livestock worldwide. Cattle breeds present heritable, contrasting phenotypes of tick loads, taurine breeds carrying higher loads of the parasite than indicine breeds. Thus, a useful model is available to analyze mechanisms that determine outcomes of parasitism. We sought to gain insights on these mechanisms and used RNA sequencing and Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) to generate a transcriptome from whole larvae and salivary glands from nymphs, males and females feeding on genetically susceptible and resistant bovine hosts and their corresponding proteomes. 931,698 reads were annotated into 11,676 coding sequences (CDS), which were manually curated into 116 different protein families. Male ticks presented the most diverse armamentarium of mediators of parasitism. In addition, levels of expression of many genes encoding mediators of parasitism were significantly associated with the level and stage of host immunity and/or were temporally restricted to developmental stages of the tick. These insights should assist in developing novel, sustainable technologies for tick control.
Exploiting graphlet decomposition to explain the structure of complex networks: the GHuST framework
Authors: Espejo Rafael , Mestre Guillermo , Postigo Fernando , Lumbreras Sara , Ramos Andres , Huang Tao , Bompard Ettore
Published: July 2020

The characterization of topology is crucial in understanding network evolution and behavior. This paper presents an innovative approach, the GHuST framework to describe complex-network topology from graphlet decomposition. This new framework exploits the local information provided by graphlets to give a global explanation of network topology. The GHuST framework is comprised of 12 metrics that analyze how 2- and 3-node graphlets shape the structure of networks. The main strengths of the GHuST framework are enhanced topological description, size independence, and computational simplicity. It allows for straight comparison among different networks disregarding their size. It also reduces the complexity of graphlet counting, since it does not use 4- and 5-node graphlets. The application of the novel framework to a large set of networks shows that it can classify networks of distinct nature based on their topological properties. To ease network classification and enhance the graphical representation of them, we reduce the 12 dimensions to their main principal components. Furthermore, the 12 dimensions are easily interpretable. This enables the connection between complex-network analyses and diverse real applications.
Native T1 mapping for assessment of the perilesional zone in metastases and benign lesions of the liver
Authors: Fahlenkamp Ute Lina , Ziegeler Katharina , Adams Lisa Christine , Böker Sarah Maria , Engel Günther , Makowski Marcus Richard
Published: July 2020

Adjacent to hepatic metastases, liver parenchyma is often histopathologically altered even if its visual appearance on native magnetic resonance (MR) images is blunt. Yet, relaxation properties in MR imaging may show structural changes prior to visual alteration, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether T1 relaxation times in the perilesional zone differ between metastases and benign lesions. A total of 113 patients referred for MRI were included prospectively. Images were assessed for metastases, solid benign lesions and cysts, and regions-of-interest were drawn on T1 maps including the focal lesion and a close (inner perilesional zone = IPZ) and a larger perilesional zone (outer perilesional zone = OPZ). Simple ratios between these zones, as well as a gradient ratio between the IPZ and the entire perilesional zone (EPZ) were calculated. Within the collective, 44 patients had lesions of one or two entities. For metastases, the simple ratio between IPZ and OPZ as well as the mean EPZ gradient was significantly higher than for both solid benign lesions and cysts. Lesion size was not a significant covariate. We conclude, that native T1 properties of the perilesional zones differ significantly between malignant and both solid and cystic benign lesions.
Evolution of two bulk-superconducting phases in Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) by external hydrostatic pressure effect
Authors: Yamashita Aichi , Jha Rajveer , Goto Yosuke , Miura Akira , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Kawashima Chizuru , Ishida Kouhei , Takahashi Hiroki , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: July 2020

Polycrystalline samples of Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction and characterized using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Although all the Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 samples exhibited superconductivity at transition temperatures (Tc) within the range of 2.1–2.7 K under ambient pressure, the estimated superconducting volume fraction was small, which indicates non-bulk nature of superconductivity in those samples under ambient pressure. A dramatic increase in shielding fraction, which indicates the emergence of the bulk superconductivity was achieved by applying external hydrostatic pressures. We found that two phases, low-P phases with Tc = 2.5–2.8 K and high-P phases with Tc = 10.0–10.8 K, were induced by the pressure effect for samples with RE = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. Pressure-Tc phase diagrams indicated that the critical pressure for the emergence of the high-P phase tends to increase with decreasing ionic radius of the doped RE ions, which was explained by the correlation between external and chemical pressure effects. According to the high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements of Sr0.5La0.5FBiS2, a structural phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic also occurred at approximately 1.1 GPa. Bulk superconducting phases in Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 induced by the external hydrostatic pressure effect are expected to be useful for understanding the effects of both external and chemical pressures to the emergence of bulk superconductivity and pairing mechanisms in BiCh2-based superconductors.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures of prenatal excessive methionine support nature rather than nurture in schizophrenia pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Siwei , Alhassen Wedad , Yoshimura Ryan , De Silva Angele , Abbott Geoffrey W. , Baldi Pierre , Alachkar Amal
Published: July 2020

The imbalance of prenatal micronutrients may perturb one-carbon (C1) metabolism and increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenatal excessive methionine (MET) produces in mice behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human schizophrenia. Whether in-utero programming or early life caregiving mediate these effects is, however, unknown. Here, we show that the behavioral deficits of MET are independent of the early life mother-infant interaction. We also show that MET produces in early life profound changes in the brain C1 pathway components as well as glutamate transmission, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism. Bioinformatics analysis integrating metabolomics and transcriptomic data reveal dysregulations of glutamate transmission and lipid metabolism, and identify perturbed pathways of methylation and redox reactions. Our transcriptomics Linkage analysis of MET mice and schizophrenia subjects reveals master genes involved in inflammation and myelination. Finally, we identify potential metabolites as early biomarkers for neurodevelopmental defects and suggest therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
Improving the diversity of captured full-length isoforms using a normalized single-molecule RNA-sequencing method
Authors: Hu Yueming , Shu Xing-Sheng , Yu Jiaxian , Sun Ming-an , Chen Zewei , Liu Xianming , Fang Qiongfang , Zhang Wei , Hui Xinjie , Ying Ying , Fu Li , Lu Desheng , Kumar Rakesh , Wang Yejun
Published: July 2020

Human genes form a large variety of isoforms after transcription, encoding distinct transcripts to exert different functions. Single-molecule RNA sequencing facilitates accurate identification of the isoforms by extending nucleotide read length significantly. However, the gene or isoform diversity is lowly represented by the mRNA molecules captured by single-molecule RNA sequencing. Here, we show that a cDNA normalization procedure before the library preparation for PacBio RS II sequencing captures 3.2–6.0 fold more full-length high-quality isoform species for different human samples, as compared to the non-normalized capture procedure. Many lowly expressed, functionally important isoforms can be detected. In addition, normalized PacBio RNA sequencing also resolves more allele-specific haplotype transcripts. Finally, we apply the cDNA normalization based long-read RNA sequencing method to profile the transcriptome of human gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas, identify new cancer-specific transcriptome signatures, and thus, bring out the utility of the improved protocols in gene expression studies.
Host-parasite tissue adhesion by a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum
Authors: Kurotani Ken-ichi , Wakatake Takanori , Ichihashi Yasunori , Okayasu Koji , Sawai Yu , Ogawa Satoshi , Cui Songkui , Suzuki Takamasa , Shirasu Ken , Notaguchi Michitaka
Published: July 2020

Tissue adhesion between plant species occurs both naturally and artificially. Parasitic plants establish intimate relationship with host plants by adhering tissues at roots or stems. Plant grafting, on the other hand, is a widely used technique in agriculture to adhere tissues of two stems. Here we found that the model Orobanchaceae parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum can be grafted on to interfamily species. To understand molecular basis of tissue adhesion between distant plant species, we conducted comparative transcriptome analyses on both infection and grafting by P. japonicum on Arabidopsis. Despite different organs, we identified the shared gene expression profile, where cell proliferation- and cell wall modification-related genes are up-regulated. Among genes commonly induced in tissue adhesion between distant species, we showed a gene encoding a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase plays an important role for plant parasitism. Our data provide insights into the molecular commonality between parasitism and grafting in plants.
Simultaneous determination of transient free radicals and reaction kinetics by high-resolution time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Pei-Ling , Horng Er-Chien
Published: July 2020

Quantitative determination of multiple transient species is critical in investigating reaction mechanisms and kinetics under various conditions. Dual-comb spectroscopy, a comb-laser-based multi-heterodyne interferometric technique that enables simultaneous achievement of broadband, high-resolution, and rapid spectral acquisition, opens a new era of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements. Employing an electro-optic dual-comb spectrometer with central wavelength near 3 µm coupled with a Herriott multipass absorption cell, here we demonstrate simultaneous determination of multiple species, including methanol, formaldehyde, HO2 and OH radicals, and investigate the reaction kinetics. In addition to quantitative spectral analyses of high-resolution and tens of microsecond time-resolved spectra recorded upon flash photolysis of precursor mixtures, we determine a rate coefficient of the HO2 + NO reaction by directly detecting both HO2 and OH radicals. Our approach exhibits potential in discovering reactive intermediates and exploring complex reaction mechanisms, especially those of radical-radical reactions.
A rapid and sensitive CRISPR/Cas12a based lateral flow biosensor for the detection of Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Yuan Ting , Mukama Omar , Li Zhiyuan , Chen Wei , Zhang Yuxia , de Dieu Habimana Jean , Zhang Yinghui , Zeng Rong , Nie Chengrong , He Zhixu , Zeng Lingwen
Published: July 2020

In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive approach for EBV detection. The assay attained a high specificity in the presence of various bacteria and applicability in EBV Burkitt's lymphoma serum samples.
Anion-dependent topochemical conversion of CoAl-LDH microplates to hierarchical superstructures of CoOOH nanoplates with controllable orientation
Authors: Song Qingsong , Wang Jialiang , Sun Qian , Wang Xiaoshan , Zhu Zhaohua , Pei Chengjie , Li Hai , Luo Zhimin , Huang Xiao , Huang Wei
Published: July 2020

Hierarchical superstructures of laterally or vertically oriented CoOOH nanoplates were prepared by topochemical conversion of CoAl-LDH microplates with CO32− or SO42− anions, respectively.
In situ surface reconstruction synthesis of a nickel oxide/nickel heterostructural film for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Haixin , Ge Dongqi , Chen Junwei , Li Ruchun , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yu Tongwen , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin
Published: July 2020

In situ reconstruction of NiO/Ni@CC has been successfully achieved through an electrochemical oxidation process, which exhibits a significantly improved HER performance and good stability even at a large current density.
PIII-Mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation and metal-free synthesis of cyclopropane-fused heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Jiayong , Hao Jiahang , Huang Zhiqiang , Han Jie , He Zhengjie
Published: July 2020

The carbene-like reactivity of the Kukhtin–Ramirez adduct enables the first reductive intramolecular cyclopropanation, which provides easy access to highly functionalized cyclopropane-fused heterocycles.
Photophysics and ultrafast processes in rhenium(i) diimine dicarbonyls
Authors: Atallah Hala , Taliaferro Chelsea M. , Wells Kaylee A. , Castellano Felix N.
Published: July 2020

A series of nine Re(i) diimine dicarbonyl complexes of the general molecular formula cis-[Re(N^N)2(CO)2]+ (N^N are various 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) derivatives) were prepared and spectroscopically investigated.
Correction: Substrate and product binding inside a stimuli-responsive coordination cage acting as a singlet oxygen photosensitizer
Authors: Pullen Sonja , Löffler Susanne , Platzek André , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H.
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Substrate and product binding inside a stimuli-responsive coordination cage acting as a singlet oxygen photosensitizer’ by Sonja Pullen et al., Dalton Trans., 2020, 49, 9404–9410, DOI: 10.1039/D0DT01674H.
Multiplexed end-point microfluidic chemotaxis assay using centrifugal alignment
Authors: Satti Sampath , Deng Pan , Matthews Kerryn , Duffy Simon P. , Ma Hongshen
Published: July 2020

We used centrifugal cell alignment to develop a multiplexed end-point chemotaxis assay scalable for high-throughput applications.
Fabrication of polydiacetylene particles using a solvent injection method
Authors: Tang Junwei , Weston Max , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Lisi Fabio , Liang Kang , Chandrawati Rona
Published: July 2020

This study presents the first application of the solvent injection method to synthesize polydiacetylene vesicles.
A new approach to the mechanism for the acetalization of benzaldehyde over MOF catalysts
Authors: Camu Esteban , Pazo Cesar , Becerra Daniel , Hidalgo-Rosa Yoan , Paez-Hernandez Dayan , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo , Escalona Nestor
Published: July 2020

The benzaldehyde acetalization catalyzed by UiO-66 and UiO-66F, was carried out in a batch-type reactor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the full kinetic study was performed using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal models.
Design and synthesis of perfluoroalkyl decorated BODIPY dye for random laser action in a microfluidic device
Authors: Maity Apurba , Sarkar Anirban , Bhaktha B. N Shivakiran , Patra Sanjib K.
Published: July 2020

New and highly emissive 2,6-diacetynyl and 2,6-bis-(phenylacetynyl) functionalized pentamethyldifluoroboron-dipyrromethane (BODIPY) derivatives (FBDP1–2) with perfluorinated pendant groups at the boron center have been synthesized successfully by the combination of two strategies, extending the π-conjugation and functionalization at the boron centre.
Tungsten carbonyl σ-complexes with C-thioethers based on 9-Me3N-7,8-C2B9H11
Authors: Timofeev Sergey V. , Prikaznova Elena A. , Zhidkova Olga B. , Druzina Anna A. , Starikova Zoya A. , Suponitsky Kyrill Y. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Sivaev Igor B. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: July 2020

Complexation of tungsten carbonyl moieties with C- and C,C-methylthio-derivatives of charge-compensated nido-carborane.
Monitoring the insertion of Pt into Cu2−xSe nanocrystals: a combined structural and chemical approach for the analysis of new ternary phases
Authors: Casu Alberto , Dalmases Mariona , Lin Mengxi , Wang Yan , Homs Narcís , Ramírez de la Piscina Pilar , Llorca Jordi , Figuerola Albert , Falqui Andrea
Published: July 2020

The work explores the reactions between Cu2−xSe premade nanoparticles and a Pt(ii) precursor, and confirms the formation of ternary CuPtSe phases with flexible stoichiometry and photocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Revealing the NIR-triggered chemotherapy therapeutic window of magnetic and thermoresponsive nanogels
Authors: Biglione Catalina , Bergueiro Julian , Wedepohl Stefanie , Klemke Bastian , Strumia Miriam C. , Calderón Marcelo
Published: July 2020

The combination of magnetic nanoparticles and thermoresponsive polymers to build multifunctional nanogels represents an appealing strategy for the development of theranostic probes.
Recent development of two-dimensional metal–organic framework derived electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Hengbo , Wang Jie , Jin Wei , Wu Zexing
Published: July 2020

Developing efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts with unique nanostructures is of great significance for improved electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
Aerobically-initiated C(sp3)–H bond amination through the use of activated azodicarboxylates
Authors: Shamsabadi André , Maruani Antoine , Ahmed Nehaal , Chudasama Vijay
Published: July 2020

In this article we report a procedure for α-C(sp3)–H amination of ethereal compounds through use of azodicarboxylates as the nitrogen source and freely-available atmospheric oxygen to access ethereal radical intermediates via aerobic C–H activation.
Light-emitting conjugated microporous polymers based on an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer strategy and selective switch-off sensing of anions
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Sun Qikun , Li Zhongping , Zhi Yongfeng , Li He , Li Ziping , Xia Hong , Liu Xiaoming
Published: July 2020

Light-emitting conjugated microporous polymers have been designed via an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer strategy for fluoride anion sensing.
Correction: Two dimensional semiconducting polymers
Authors: Wei Xin , Wang Mingfeng
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Two dimensional semiconducting polymers’ by Xin Wei et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0qm00309c.
An enzymatic acetal/hemiacetal conversion for the physiological temperature activation of the alkoxyamine C–ON bond homolysis
Authors: Albalat Muriel , Audran Gérard , Holzritter Maxence , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Mellet Philippe , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Voisin Pierre
Published: July 2020

Enzymatic trigger. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis by Subtilisin A, highly stable alkoxyamines are transformed into highly labile alkoxyamines able to homolyze spontaneously in less than 500 seconds, at 37 °C.
Autonomous intelligent agents for accelerated materials discovery
Authors: Montoya Joseph H. , Winther Kirsten T. , Flores Raul A. , Bligaard Thomas , Hummelshøj Jens S. , Aykol Muratahan
Published: July 2020

We present an end-to-end computational system for autonomous materials discovery.
Mononuclear ruthenium(ii) theranostic complexes that function as broad-spectrum antimicrobials in therapeutically resistant pathogens through interaction with DNA
Authors: Smitten Kirsty L. , Thick Eleanor J. , Southam Hannah M. , Bernardino de la Serna Jorge , Foster Simon J. , Thomas Jim A.
Published: July 2020

A mononuclear ruthenium(ii) complex based of the tpphz ligand is shown to be a broad-band antimicrobial theranostic active against a range of AMR pathogens.
Total synthesis of biseokeaniamides A–C and late-stage electrochemically-enabled peptide analogue synthesis
Authors: Lin Yutong , Malins Lara R.
Published: July 2020

A late-stage electrochemical decarboxylation enables rapid access to structural analogues of biseokeaniamides A–C, cytotoxic lipopeptide natural products.
Hexane isomers separation on an isoreticular series of microporous Zr carboxylate metal organic frameworks
Authors: Henrique Adriano , Maity Tanmoy , Zhao Hengli , Brântuas Pedro F. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Nouar Farid , Ghoufi Aziz , Maurin Guillaume , Silva José A. C. , Serre Christian
Published: July 2020

The microporous MOF MIL-140B can separate hexane isomers according to the degree of branching, linear >mono-branched >di-branched, with a remarkably high selectivity up to 10 at 343 K. GCMC simulations confirm the origins of the molecular separation.
Self-trap-state-adjustable photoluminescence of quasi-one-dimensional RbPbI3 and Cs substitutional counterparts
Authors: Zhang Bin-Bin , Wang Fangbao , Xiao Bao , Xu Yadong , Gao Kaige , Jie Wanqi
Published: July 2020

The “self-trap state” in low demensional halide perovskites usually induces highly efficient below-gap broadband luminescence, which makes them promising fluorescence emitting materials.
Mechanisms of drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at different levels
Authors: Du Jiali , Gu Jichun , Li Ji
Published: July 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the mortality of patients with PDAC has not significantly decreased over the last few decades. Novel strategies exhibiting promising effects in preclinical or phase I/II clinical trials are often situated in an embarrassing condition owing to the disappointing results in phase III trials. The efficacy of the current therapeutic regimens is consistently compromised by the mechanisms of drug resistance at different levels, distinctly more intractable than several other solid tumours. In this review, the main mechanisms of drug resistance clinicians and investigators are dealing with during the exploitation and exploration of the anti-tumour effects of drugs in PDAC treatment are summarized. Corresponding measures to overcome these limitations are also discussed.