bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Reduction of MHCII Expression on M1 Polarity Activated HMC3 Microglia Cells By n-Hexane And Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) Leaves
Authors: Ma'arif Burhan , Akhmal Muslikh Faisal , Malik Guhir Abdul , Fitri Hilwa , Alfani Najib Luqman , Salmasfattah Novyananda , Laswati Hening , Agil Mangestuti
Published: April 2022

Neuroinflammatory is a pathological condition in which neuronal cells experience progressive loss of function, one of which is due to estrogen deficiency. Phytoestrogens are compound that has structure and function similar to 17β-estradiol, the most potent natural form of estrogen. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is known to contain phytoestrogens which can replace the function of 17β-estradiol in maintaining organ homeostasis, so that is potential to be developed as an anti-neuroinflammatory drug. This study was aimed to prove the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction of Semanggi leaves on HMC3 microglia cells, by measuring the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II). Both fractions with a concentration of 62.5; 125; and 250 μg/ml were administered to HMC3 microglia cells which had been induced by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) for 24 hours. Measurement of MHC II expression were using immunocytochemistry (ICC) methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) instruments. The results showed that n-hexane fraction could reduce MHC II expression at concentrations of 250 μg/ml with p<0.05, and showed a non-monotonic dose response (NMDR) pattern, while ethyl acetate fraction could reduce MHC II expression at all concentrations with p<0.05. Based on the results of the correlation test, the best anti-neuroinflammatory activity on HMC3 microglia cells is showed by the ethyl acetate fraction of Semanggi leaves.
Bioactive constituents and pharmacological profile of willow-leaved Justicia: A review
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Joseph Litty Joseph
Published: April 2022

Justicia gendarussa Burm f., a member of Acanthaceae family, is indigenous to China and is widely dispersed throughout India, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. J. gendarussa is one of the most important plant species utilised in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. Typically the plants are employed for different medicinal purposes. The plant possesses diverse biological activities like antiangiogenic, antibacterial, hepatoprotection, antifungal, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, immunosuppressant, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities. Various chemical elements such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, polyphenolic chemicals, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins have been identified to contribute to these functions. The leaves were found to own most of the constituents like lupeol, friedelin, ß-sitosterol and aromatic amines. The current review emphases on Justicia gendarussa Burm's ethnobotanical significance, bioactive ingredients, and pharmacological profile.
Correlation of English students’ reading habits and their writing ability
Authors: Noor Gusti Rayyan , Arini Dini Noor , Arapah Elvina
Published: April 2022

While writing is critical in education, it is a difficult skill to master. Reading is one of the many factors that affect writing. Numerous studies have established a link between reading and writing.  With that assumption, this study will examine the relationship between English reading habits and writing ability among students enrolled in the Advanced Writing Course at the English Language Education Study Program of Lambung Mangkurat University. This study adopted a quantitative approach and a correlational design, with students from batch 2018 as the research population. Using a simple random sampling technique, 50 students were randomly selected to serve as samples. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the students' reading habits, whereas a test was used to ascertain their writing abilities. Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient Correlation was then used to determine the correlation between the variables. The result showed that the correlation coefficient was 0.211 and the significance value was 0.141, indicating that H0 is acceptable because of the sig. value was ? 0.05. Therefore, there is a weak and negative correlation between students' reading habits and their writing ability. This occurred because many students with strong reading habits also have weak writing abilities, implying that the correlation between the two variables is weak.  It is suggested that students develop a reading habit by beginning with small steps such as selecting a short, easy-to-read book, setting small goals, making reading enjoyable, making reading friends, and remaining consistent.
EFISIENSI ANGGARAN BIAYA PRODUKSI TERHADAP PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA CAHAYA FURNITURE JATI
Authors: Novianti Maya
Published: April 2022

The budget becomes very important as a center of accountability that is used to control activities, namely comparing the predetermined budget with its implementation. Then if there are deviations, the deviation is analyzed so that the causes are known and improvements can be made in the future. This is done so that the company can carry out efficiency in production costs so that there is no waste which will result in the selling price and profits that the company gets. The difference in production costs for a set of 2111 brick pyramid minimalist guest chairs is 2% of the standard cost of IDR 3,783,000 while the actual production cost for a set of 2111 brick pyramid minimalist guest chairs is IDR 3,699,343. Standard production costs at the dining table minimalist seat 6 is IDR 5,521,500 while the actual cost is IDR 5,339,543 so that the variance or the difference is 3%. For the difference in production costs on a minimalist box bed set is 7% of the standard production cost of IDR 3,894,000 while actualization The production cost for producing a set of minimalist box bed is Rp. 3,607,551. The standard production cost for producing a set of 3 door wardrobes is Rp. 4,790,000 while the actual production cost is Rp. 4,373,891 with a variance or difference of 9%. The variance or the difference in the production cost of a half-circular set of minimalist toalets is 9% where the standard production costs are equal r IDR 3,584,417 and the actual production cost is IDR 3,268,081.
Paradigm Shift in the US Foreign Policy towards NATO during Trump Administration
Authors: Authorq Sidra Khan
Published: April 2022

Committed to restore America to its former glory by advertising the slogan of “America First,” Trump’s leadership exhibited his antagonism to honour the international agreement and partnerships, among which NATO agreement holds the top priority. Former US President Donald Trump’s, labelling of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as obsolete did not only question the significance of NATO as an organisation, but also challenged the traditional values shared among the transatlantic partners as well as the liberal international order it promoted. The article aims to highlights the features of Trump’s personality which impacted the formulation of US foreign policy towards NATO using the theoretical tool of psychoanalysis (understanding Trump’s personality traits and analysing their impact on making of the US foreign policy during Trump’s administration). Although, Trump was not the first US President who accused NATO partners of their inadequacies. However, due to Trump’s aggressive style of conducting the US foreign policy, the NATO partners demonstrated a positive change by making up for their individual lacking in NATO alliance particularly with the issue of burden sharing.
Economic Evaluation of Tomato Sole and Tomato Onion Intercropping Systems of Smallholders in District Muzaffargarh, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Waqar , Anwar Muhammad Zubair , Taj Sajida , Afridi Ghulam Sadiq , Palanappian Gomathy , Khan Muhammad Zahid Ullah
Published: April 2022

The objective of this research was to conduct an economic evaluation of smallholders’ practices i.e tomatoonion intercropping (toi) and tomato sole cropping (ts). Primary farmer’s field-level data was used in the study. Resource use efficiency and financial profitability indicators were calculated for comparison of two tomato cultivation systems. A financial model based on a modified Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach was used as a method of research. The result indicates that 53 percent respondent adopts the tomato-onion intercropping system and remaining 47 percent respondents follows sole tomato system. Tomato-onion intercropping gave higher private profitability (US$. 1556/acre) with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.35 compared to sole tomato with private profitability of US$.913 per acre with BCR 1.88. A higher BCR was found in tomato-onion intercropping than in the sole tomato cropping system. Tomato onion intercropping (toi) has more resource use efficiency with less Private Cost Ratio (PCR) value 0.30 as compared to tomato sole with PCR value 0.38. In conclusion, the tomato-onion intercropping system resulted in higher net income may be a viable option for smallholders to mitigate the economic risk of sole tomato cultivation. The result proved that the sole tomato cropping system is also economically viable however tomato-onion intercropping proved promising practice to minimize the economic risk of sole tomato crop. The findings have implicates that tomato-onion intercropping has the potential to increase the livelihoods of the smallholders in the study area.
Traditional Process of Dates, COVID-19 Pandemic Observation, and Challenges in Sindh
Authors: Meghwar Parkash , Shar Nadeem Asghar , Shaikh Saghir Ahmed , Baloch Allah Bux , Kumar Dileep , Dhanker Preeti , Depar Ahsan Ali
Published: April 2022

This study brings to the front the reports on the importance of dates, its local processing, and associated all the challenges in the Thari Mirwah sub-district, Khairpur. A survey was planned to collect data based upon the interviews of local farmers. A questionnaire was structured with a total of 20 respondents (each of 4 per village). The demographic results show that the major proportions of the population under study were male (100 %). A 50 % of them were of an age ranging between 30-50 years. Almost, all the respondents were married, with a literacy rate of 20 %. The analysis showed that the dwellers make use of date fruit at variable stages of maturity and prepare different traditional dishes from the flesh of the fruit. Also, they responded that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were observable losses that occurred without any proper attention and influence on a timely harvest and supply chain of date fruit. It is concluded that a strong ethnobotanical relation exists between fruit trees and local dwellers of studied Taluka. Limited studies were conducted about the importance and challenges of date fruit in this area. It is recommended that the consumption of natural fruit with enormous antioxidants may help to trigger effective control over challenging issues of food insecurity or malnutrition, being an indigenous food source for the local population of the studied region.
Prevalence of Concussions and Chronic Headaches in Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Tsuha Michaela , Liu Morgan , Hori Kristen , Yamamoto, MD, MPH, MBA Loren
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses concussion rates and current headaches in female soccer versus non-contact sport athletes who have progressed to higher levels of competition in college.
METHODS: Soccer and non-contact sport female athletes from four universities completed questionnaires on concussion history and current headaches.
RESULTS: Soccer athletes had a significantly higher rate of concussions compared to non-contact athletes (50% versus 9%, p<0.0001), but there was not a significant difference in current headaches between the two groups (20% soccer; 32% non-contact). Among soccer athletes, 56% of goalkeepers, defenders, and forwards collectively reported a concussion, while only 23% of midfielders reported a concussion (p=0.03). Rates of reported headaches were significantly higher in soccer athletes with <15 years of experience (38% versus 11%, p=0.009).
CONCLUSION: Collegiate female soccer athletes had a higher rate of concussions versus non-contact-sport athletes, but no difference in rate of current headaches existed. Soccer athletes with <15 years of experience reported higher rates of headaches.
Sex Differences in Shoulder Anatomy and Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maier, MD Stephen , Rudisill, BS Samuel , Wright, MD Casey , Daniell, MD Hayley , Lydston, MLS Melissa , O'Donnell, MD Evan
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Studies analyzing sex-related differences in anatomy, biomechanics, and injury patterns have burgeoned in recent years. While the majority of these manuscripts have highlighted differences about the knee, there remains a paucity of descriptions of the sex-related differences about the shoulder. Herein we summarize the sex-related differences of shoulder 1) osteology, 2) soft tissue anatomy, and 3) neuromuscular function.
METHODS: A systematic review of literature was performed querying manuscripts from Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All articles investigating shoulder differences by sex were included. Metrics of the sex-related differences in osteology, soft-tissue anatomy, and neuromuscular function were recorded. Meta-analysis was performed when metrics were available from 3 or more studies. 
RESULTS:  Sixteen articles were included for analysis. There were 7 cadaveric studies, 1 review article, and 8 studies with Level-III or IV evidence. Glenoid height and width were significantly smaller in females (4.57 mm, p<0.001) compared to males (4.60mm, p=0.001), respectively. There was no significant sex-related difference in glenoid retroversion. Females demonstrated significantly less dynanomotor shoulder strength and greater shoulder range of motion than males. There were no significant sex-related differences in shoulder proprioception and the results for shoulder instability were variable.
CONCLUSION: Significant interactions of sex were found in both glenoid and humeral osteology, functional shoulder strength, and range of motion (ROM). Further study is warranted to determine proper conceptualization and treatment of shoulder injuries among sexes.
Evolution and Future Directions of Sports Medicine Research Focused on Women
Authors: Arendt, MD Elizabeth , Agel, MA, ATC Julie
Published: April 2022

It is now recognized that males and females may present differently with similar diagnoses and /or respond differently to various treatments.  This article outlines the history of research focused on women's health issues, with a specific focus on key research in sports medicine concerns in the active and athletic female. Recommendations for future strategies in research, including stratification of subgroups for all clinical results, will enable researchers and clinicians to translate research into clinical practice resulting in best patient care and improved outcomes for all.
Índice NDVI em lavoura de batata-doce obtido por mapeamento com drone
Authors: Souza Ernando Donato de , Santos Leandro Gonçalves dos , Santos Gisella Martha Silva Simões dos , Cruz Jobson Fernandes da , Lima José Augusto Monteiro de Castro , Souza Ubiratan Oliveira
Published: April 2022

O uso de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (RPA) vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço em missões com finalidades civis pacíficas, dentre elas o sensoriamento agrícola e ambiental. Este trabalho foi realizado no Perímetro Irrigado de Ceraíma, município de Guanambi, que faz parte do Território de Identidade Sertão Produtivo, localizado na região da Serra Geral da Bahia. O experimento constou da avaliação dos índices vegetativos NDVI de uma lavoura de batata-doce a cada 30 dias perfazendo um total de cinco avaliações. As imagens foram capturadas por uma câmera multiespectral, processadas no software Agisoft Metashape para obtenção do ortofotomosaico e em seguida no software QGIS para obtenção do índice NDVI. A avaliação do índice vegetativo até 150 dias após o plantio demonstrou apresentar variações e gerou informações importantes para compor um banco de dados sobre a cultura, o que é escasso na literatura para esse tipo de tecnologia de monitoramento utilizado. Os dados demonstraram que o menor (0,47) e maior (0,94) índice NDVI foi obtido aos 30 e 60 dias após o plantio, respectivamente, e que não houve correlação significativa entre o NDVI e a massa seca e verde da parte aérea.
Analysis of the Competitive Level Between Wadiah Yad Dhamanah Savings Products and Mudharabah Mutlaqah At PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Singkil Iskandar Muda
Authors: Suryani Dian Fajar , Nasution Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy
Published: April 2022

Bank Syariah Indonesia kcp Singkil Iskandar Muda has a savings product using a contract between Wadiah Yad Dhamanah and Mudharabah Mutlaqah. Of course, both of these savings products have their advantages and disadvantages. As a result, indicators that affect the environment that are attracted to a competitive contract can be determined by various aspects, including aspects of return, aspects of costs, aspects of growth, social aspects, risk aspects, and promotion aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify strengths and weaknesses, as well as indicators that affect savings products. This type of research is a qualitative research using analytical descriptive technique. Data collection was done by interview method. The subject of this research is leadership at PT. Bank Syariah Indonesia kcp Singkil Iskandar Muda. The results show that the Mudharabah mutlaqah savings product is more desirable than the wadiah yad dhamanah savings product because the indicator is substantially more profitable for customers.
A novel authentication scheme of identity based group signature algorithm for wireless body sensor network (WBSN)
Authors: Kumar C. Ramesh , Kumar T. Ganesh , Hemlathadhevi A.
Published: April 2022

Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) faces several security problems such as loss of information, access control and authentication. As WBSN collects vital information and operates in unfriendly environment, severe security mechanisms are needed in order to prevent the network from anonymous interactions, authentication is the initial steps towards providing security. An enhanced authentication scheme prevents the system from imposters effectively. In this paper, a novel authentication using identity-based group signature (IBGS) protocol has been proposed to provide security to the WBSN. The proposed method employs identity-based group signature algorithm between biosensors and group manager (GM). An extensive set of experiments were carried out and the results are examined interms of computation cost and energy consumption.
Emphatic particles in the Arabic language “A grammatical semantic study in the Holy Quran”
Authors: Bakhit Hayat Muhammad Muhammad
Published: April 2022

There are many emphatic particles in the Arabic language and the variety of their functionalization in sentences, so the objective of this research is to study them and clarify their significance in the sentence included and clarify their grammatical and syntactic effect. Thus, comprehending the concepts leads to comprehending the meaning for which the sentence was constructed. These emphatic particles are frequently mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and intended by them. A specific indication, and this matter makes studying it of great importance in understanding the Holy Book, and it has proven what the researcher intend with multiple references of explanation, grammar and language. The researcher wanted to verify the emphatic particles and clarify their significance in the Holy Qur’an, which represented the limits of the emphatic particles. This is an aspect for practical applied study supported by books of explanation to cite the meaning of the emphatic particles in the Qur’anic verse. Arabic grammar books dealt with emphatic particles and each group treated them according to their grammatical principles in constructing and functionalizing these emphatic particles. The experts of explanation have inferred the opinions of the two grammatical teams.
Assessment of treatment outcomes after using electrocautery and scalpel blade in separate patients for minor oral surgical procedure
Authors: Goyal Rohit , Akhter Javed , Thapa Ganesh , Nirangjan Pranam , Akshay Akshay , Khadase Priyadarshani
Published: April 2022

Context: Conventionally minor oral surgical treatments are  done with the use of Bard Parker handle for incising the tissues. The favourability of B.P.  handle is its low cost and no extra equipments. Electro surgery has many applications in oral surgery , but it is not widely used. The presence of varying information on electro surgical wound healing might be the reason. Aims: This study aimed to assess and compare the treatment outcomes in minor oral surgery done by electrocautery and scalpel blade using clinical parameters: Bleeding intraoperatively, Time taken for incision intraoperatively, Pain postoperatively, Healing of the surgical site postoperatively. Methods and Material: Sixty patients between age group ranging 15 to 65 years who reported to Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, M.G.S. Dental college underwent electrosurgery or scalpel surgery for minor oral surgical procedures under local anaesthesia, were the study subjects. They were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Statistical analysis used: Mann Whitney U test.
A study on customer attitude towards eco-friendly products and the factors influencing it
Authors: Nirmala K. , Shyamala K.
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the moderating effects of customers' attitudinal qualities on the link between major demographical indicators and purchase intention for environmentally friendly items. Several possibilities have been offered. In Tamil Nadu, a questionnaire was created and circulated through an internet survey. There were a total of 545 valid replies received.  This impact is consistent among consumers of various income levels. The knowledge and skill elements have no influence on customers' purchasing intentions. Factor analysis has been carried out on the variables of the Consumers attitude on Eco-friendly Product buying behaviour. One-Sample T-Test and Ranking Analysis are used to analyse Consumer Preference to buy an Environmental – Friendly Products.  Cronbach’s alpha is used in order to assess the construct reliability of the scale. This research adds to a better knowledge of the elements that influence eco-friendly products consumption intentions in Tamil Nadu, as well as consumer behaviour in developing nations. Furthermore, the findings give insight on the relevance of current situation in emerging economies and a specific industrial settings.
Discourse Postponing elections and extending the presidency
Authors: Heryani Ani , Sembiring Tamaulina Br , Fatmawati Endang , Muhammadiah Mas'ud , Syakhrani Abdul Wahab
Published: April 2022

This literature review aims to discuss the discourse of postponing elections and requests for an extension of the term of office of the President of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2024 period. This is an issue that is currently being discussed in the country. On that basis, we have compiled literature discussing the issues above. An information data collection model, and we have to understand something that is currently phenomenal. The review process involves a sharp devaluation of the data, careful coding, and extracting digests that answer the problem with high validity. Our data search was done online on several published data sources that we marketed from 2010 to 2022. Several scientific publications on the political science of regional elections and democracy, especially in Indonesia, have been interviewed. The President of the Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional discourse according to the laws of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore all elements have the right to remind the Government and political figures to be loyal and obedient to the official Constitution.
Implementation of collaboration planning and budget performance information for special allocation fund in budget planning in the regional development planning agency of Rokan Hilir regency
Authors: Nasri Hubban , Nurman Nurman , Azwirman Azwirman , Zainal Zainal , Riauan Imam
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the KRISNA Special Allocation Fund in budget planning at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Rokan Hilir Regency. The Collaborative Application System for Planning and Budgeting Performance Information functions to carry out budgeting or proposals for the use of website-based Special Allocation Funds since 2018 in Rokan Hilir Regency. This research uses qualitative research method with descriptive research type. The main informants in this research were the Head of Bappeda, Head of Bappeda Division, Head of Sub Division of Bappeda, Head of Education Office, Head of Department of Housing and Settlements Service, and Head of Agriculture Service in Rokan Hilir Regency. Sample selection is done by (purposive sampling). Based on the results of research and data analysis, it shows that: (1) The implementation of the application system policy since the second quarter for the 2019 budget still has several question marks, including those related to the amount of funds approved by the central government which is not fixed.
El Trastorno Límite de Personalidad desde una perspectiva estructural
Authors: Amador Jiménez Dustin Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

La personalidad se puede entender como un complejo patrón de características psicológicas que se expresan muchas áreas del funcionamiento psicológico, implica una gama de procesos psicológicos internos, como patrones de pensamiento y sentimiento, formas de experimentarse, a sí mismo y a los demás, formas de afrontamiento y motivos. En el trastorno de la personalidad, la psicología de la persona es rígida y genera una angustia significativa a sí misma o a los demás. El Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP), consiste en un patrón de inestabilidad de las relaciones interpersonales, autoimagen y afectos, marcada impulsividad, que comienza en la edad adulta temprana y se presenta en una variedad de contextos. Tiene una etiología multifactorial y pueden identificarse tres factores con un papel importante en su desarrollo, como la presencia de un temperamento vulnerable y sensible de base biológica; un entorno familiar caótico y traumático y eventos ambientales desencadenantes, generalmente asociados a relaciones interpersonales. El modelo estructural de Otto Kernberg, propone que el TLP se encuentra en una Organización Limítrofe de la Personalidad, el cual se caracteriza una prueba de realidad conservada aunque vulnerable en estados afectivos intensos, el predominio de defensas en torno a la escisión y difusión de identidad moderada a severa.
Alan Metcalfe “at Work” Constructing Sport History
Authors: Paraschak Victoria , Kossuth Robert
Published: April 2022

Alan Metcalfe, of the University of Windsor, was a leading figure in establishing sport history in Canada, while playing a founding role in NASSH. He served as the first editor of the Journal of Sport History, long-time editor of CJHSPE (1970–96), and NASSH president from 1983 to 1985. While maintaining research about mining communities in North East England, he is best known for his research on Canada. Through an examination of Metcalfe's professional career and a comprehensive interview, we document his contributions to sport history. Metcalfe's scholarship shaped the field within possibilities available to him. He brought a comprehensive approach to fostering sport history as part of his life-long commitment to the discipline of physical education. Fostering an intellectual life throughout his academic career, Metcalfe challenged colleagues and students alike to reflect on the questions they asked, theoretical ideas underpinning their work, and best ways that organizations, especially NASSH, could effectively advance the field.
Speaking Up, Speaking Out, and Speaking Back to Feminism in Sport History
Authors: Vertinsky Patricia
Published: April 2022

Looking through the gateway of Title IX and second-wave feminism to NASSH meetings in the mid-1980s, one could see it might take a while for gender politics to gather steam in North American sport history. Though the field rang largely with the voices of male historians and stories of men's sport, challenges were growing from feminist sport historians who were ready and able to speak up and speak out about gender relations in sport history. With this momentum, feminist sport history moved into the twenty-first century primed to gain a growing presence in NASSH. I describe the growing maturity of scholarship in feminist history and highlight insightful studies which “helped rip sports history out of its overly masculine nature.” Finally, I point to a new generation of young sport history feminist scholars renewing and reinventing feminism in their work, while illuminating how they have built their scholarship on the roots and shoots of earlier generations of feminist sport historians.
Consideraciones sobre la protección del derecho a la buena fama en Derecho canónico
Authors: Rodríguez Pedro Martín
Published: April 2022

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción - 2. Reflexiones acerca de la buena fama y el honor - 3. Desenvolvimiento histórico - 4. La buena fama en el Derecho canónico - 5. Reconocimiento jurídico - 6. Atentados contra la fama - 7. Murmuración, un arma que mata - 8. Murmuración. Delimitación conceptual - 9. Breve referencia histórica - 10. Pecado que atenta contra el prójimo - 11. Características y causas - 12. Regulación jurídica - 13. Los delitos canónicos de falsedad - 14. La reparación del daño - 15 Reparación y resarcimiento - 16. Restitución - 17. Satisfacción - 18. Indemnización - 19. Rescisión y restitución “in Integrum” - 20. Conclusión.

Considerations on the protection of the right to good repute in canon law1

ABSTRACT: Gossip is a sin that threatens the good reputation of neighbours. It belongs to the field of the so-called falsehood sins or crimes. They are clearly opposite to charity, whose transgression implies an attack against honour, the reputation of the accused and comunion in the Church, causing in turn a rupture in the order of social justice and the common good. It is a violation of the eight commandment of the Law of God which may be censored and combatted with firmness by the authority, does not admit ambiguity and must be undone in order to restore in their integrity the good reputation of the defamed.
Most Prominent Factors of Food Poisoning in Africa: Nigeria Based Perspective
Authors:   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Oladayo Timileyin Ebenezer , Miteu Goshen D. ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Adeh Irenosen ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Folayan Elizabeth ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Olayinka Temidayo ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Johnson Adegboyega ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Ojeokun Olayemi ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Ogah Samuel Ijabo ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group, Benneth Elohozino Oghale ,   Food and Technology unit - Pan African Research Group
Published: April 2022

Food poisoning, is an acute disease caused by the consumption of contaminated, spoiled or toxic foods as a result of poor hygiene, poor packaging and ignorance of the consumer. The major sources of food poisoning are viruses, bacteria and parasites. Reports show that Asia and the sub-Saharan have the highest case of illness which can be traced back to food poisoning and in Nigeria, about 200,000 cases of Nigerians death was as a result of food poisoning. Other factors that contribute to food poisoning are food allergies, about 4-8% of human beings have food allergies especially in developed countries although the sensitivity levels vary. Microbial contamination which is caused by infectious organisms is also another major factor that contributes to food poisoning. Infectious organisms like rodents deposits pathogens that are toxic to human health into the soil, fruits and water supplies. Pathogens like; Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Trichinella spp., Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, and Hantaviruses can be deposited by rodents. This article helps to elucidate the dangers of consuming poisonous foods, factors to look out for in food processing and packaging and the important causes of food poisoning.
Pengaruh model teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) berbasis hybrid dan online learning serta tanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas fisik
Authors: Ardiansyah Adi , Yusmawati  , Wasan Aan
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model TPSR berbasis hybrid dan online learning dalam pendidikan jasmani di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen faktorial dengan desain penelitian treatment by level 2 x 2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas V di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 156 siswa. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan Physical Activity Questionnaire For Older Children (PAQ-C). Hasil analisis data menggunakan Uji Anava Dua Jalur menunjukkan nilai P-value sebesar 0,04<0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan aktivitas fisik antara siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model TPSR berbasis hybrid learning dengan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model TPSR berbasis online learning. Hasil analisis data menggunakan uji Tukey menunjukkan nilai P-value sebesar 0,00<0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan nilai aktivitas fisik yang signifikan pada perlakuan model TPSR berbasis hybrid learning terhadap siswa dengan tanggung jawab tinggi dengan perbedaan rata rata sebesar 0,84. Pada perlakuan model TPSR berbasis hybrid learning terhadap siswa dengan tanggung jawab rendah dengan perbedaan rata rata sebesar 0,43 dengan nilai P-value sebesar 0,01<0,05.
A Study on Students’ Satisfaction during COVID-19 Lockdown in India
Authors:   St. Anthony’s College, Shillong,, Dkhar Albert L. , Shylla Jacob L. , Ekka Leonard
Published: April 2022

India went into complete lockdown on 24 March 2020 in the backdrop of growing cases of infection. One of the many groups of people affected severely by the lockdown was that of students of all levels and across the country. The UNESCO estimates indicate that 34, 337, 594 students at the tertiary level have been affected by the COVID-19 lockdown. Meghalaya, one of the seven North Eastern States, has 1 central university, 8 state private universities, 63 colleges and 20 stand-alone institutions and approximately 87,000 students are registered in these institutions. These students too were adversely affected by the lockdown. Given the above background, a survey was conducted among the college students to quantitative data on the satisfaction level of students on the announcement of the HRD Ministry, Government of India, to promote first and second year students and to hold examinations for final year students and also to obtain students’ opinions with regards to the promotion of first and second year students and to hold examinations for final year students. This paper basically tries to represent the findings of the above mentioned survey.
Credit Participation among Rural Households in North Eastern India with special reference to Meghalaya
Authors:   Department of Economics, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Swer Charlene May
Published: April 2022

This study is an attempt to examine the status of credit participation among rural households in NER and Meghalaya by using data sources from national surveys like All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS) as well as primary data collected from Meghalaya. These surveys report that the majority of rural households in NER are indebted to institutional sources, mostly banks. Another main finding of the study is that there has been a reduction in the importance of non-institutional sources of credit in the states of the region except in Manipur. Money lenders do not occupy an important place in the rural credit markets of NER as compared to the importance of this source at the national level. Rural and agricultural households of the region have instead relied heavily on friends and relatives for disbursement of credit. In Meghalaya, the rate of participation in rural credit markets is quite low, reasons being lack of awareness and apprehension towards debt. However, household characteristics like gender of head of household, education level of the spouse, main occupation of the household, asset ownership, having a bank account and being a member of any social organization are factors that have been found to be associated with credit participation among rural households in the state.
A Study on Psycho-Socio and Spiritual Feelings of Students during Lockdown 2020
Authors:   St. Anthony’s College, Shillong793001 Meghalaya, India, Kharnongrum Arlene M. B. , Kharumnuid Gregory , Nongrum Albert , John Linu , Acharjee Rituparna , Joseph Fr. Joby
Published: April 2022

The closure of educational institutions due to preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 has affected the education, well-being, and functioning of all parties involved and benefiting from educational systems in the world. While the process of shifting learning to a remote or online format has already become part of many educational institutions in different parts of the world. A number of factors related to the quality of educational institutions, teachers, parents and students, in conjunction with changes to their emotional states are assumed to be contributing factors that may affect the quality of remote or online learning, teacher performance, student knowledge and skills. The aim of this study is to explore and describe as to how the students are coping up with their personal wellbeing, their relationship and sense of belongingness and their relationship with God This study is done as a survey to check on the wellbeing of the students. In the framework of this study, three areas were identified, personal well being- which will look into how they are coping up with the new normal, to check whether they feel anxious or stressed, the second area is on relationship and how they are coping and relating with others and the third area is on their relationship with God. For data collection, a questionnaire was circulated through Google form where 1084 number of students responded. The participants are all college going students. The objective of the survey was to find out if there is any difference in the wellbeing of the students between the rural and urban area students and between male and female students during the Pandemic Covid-19.
A Public Goods Game in the Era of COVID-19: Free-Riders, Cooperators, & Thresholds
Authors:   Department of Economics, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Challam Daniel Ebor , Goel Namita ,   Data Scientist, Cecareus Inc, Florida.
Published: April 2022

Consistent behavior in Public Goods Games is well documented in the Game Theory literature. Typically, in a Single-Shot Public Goods Game, the dominant strategy is to free ride and contribute nothing towards the Public Good. However, we do not necessarily see this in reality, or even within this experiment. However, when we introduce a dynamic aspect to the experiment in the form of a Repeat-Play Public Goods Game, we witness that with succeeding rounds, players converge around the equilibrium predicted by the Single-Shot game. This is attributed to the effect that learning has on contribution patterns. We hypothesize that with multiple iterations of the Single-Shot game, players learn about incentives to free ride, decreasing their contributions in subsequent rounds of the game. Further, such learning is contagious, as can be seen from the experiment, diffusing across an entire group of players, despite there being a lack of communication. Learning can help provide an explanation as to why there is a divergence between theoretical and actual behavior.
Variation in Socio-economic Characteristics and Agricultural Productivity across Farms in Meghalaya
Authors:   Dept. of Economics, St. Anthony’s College,, Dkhar Dahun Shisha
Published: April 2022

The present study evaluates the variation in socio-economic characteristics and agricultural productivity across various farm sizes in Meghalaya. The study employs primary data collected from 360 farming households in East Khasi Hills District and Ri-Bhoi District of Meghalaya. The study reveals that the age of farmers and the family size is directly proportional with the size of farms. However, regarding the educational attainment of the farmers it is found that farmers with lower educational qualification have large farm size while those with higher educational qualification have small farm size. The study depicts that farm expenditure, gross return and net returns from cultivation of various crops are highest in large farms and lowest in small farms in both the districts of Meghalaya. It is also found that in both the districts the average total factor productivity is highest in small farms and lowest in large farms. Similarly when the two districts are combined, the null hypothesis can be rejected which implies that there is significant difference between the means across the three farm categories. This indicates that the agricultural productivity is distinct for each farm category in the state.
Women Entrepreneurship in Meghalaya: Motivation, Obstacles and Performance
Authors:   Dept.  of Commerce, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Chyne Ridameka
Published: April 2022

The level of participation of women in entrepreneurship is growing worldwide. Their enterprises significantly contribute to economic growth, which leads to sustained economic development and social progress especially in emerging countries. The importance of women entrepreneurship has captured the interest of academicians, bankers and policymakers as they are committed to developing policies for encouraging and supporting the advancement of women entrepreneurs. This paper aims to study the important factors that may affect women entrepreneurial activities. This study attempts to show how different internal and external factors affect the motivation, obstacles and performance of women-owned firms. A sample of 150 first-generation women entrepreneurs in the manufacturing and service sectors who have been operating their enterprises for at least five years were selected for the study. Information was captured using interview schedules, self-administered by the researcher during field visits. The findings indicate that both internal and external factors captured by human and financial capital significantly affect the activities of women-owned firms in the context of Meghalaya. The conclusions drawn from this study will provide relevant information to the government agencies, banks, academicians for encouraging and supporting women entrepreneurship.
Gauging Urban Growth of Colonial Jorhat: An Offshoot of Colonial State and British Private Companies’ Nexus
Authors:   Department of History, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Hiwale Hemango Akshay
Published: April 2022

One of the most important areas that history writing has ventured into recently is to trace the growth of urban centres, cities and town during the colonial period. Most of these studies reveal deeper and more complex philosophies and ideas that went behind the making of the same. This paper will attempt to narrate the history of colonial Jorhat and proposes that the same happened not only through the activities of the colonial state but also through its illicit involvements with numerous private English tea companies, whose role in the process of understanding urbanization has otherwise been downplayed. It shall also attempt to locate briefly the transformation of the economy because of the emergence of tea plantation and its other consequences. And most importantly, the paper shall attempt to engage is the idea of evaluating history through the impact of a particular process rather than the initial intent.
The Problem of Evil in Philosophy
Authors:   Dept. of Philosophy, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Thangeo Lunneihoi
Published: April 2022

The problem of evil is a subset of philosophical problems. When the problem of evil was originally deliberated in a theistic setting, it challenged the theistic thinker to reconcile the existence of God with the experience of evil. Since around the enlightenment period, the problem of evil transformed into, what some philosophers call, an argument from evil where the proponents of the problem argued that belief in the existence of God was rendered irrational or improbable by evil. Many contemporary thinkers still engage with this problem and regard it as a legitimate objection to theism. This paper explores the perception of the problem as well as argues that upon analysis the approach and underlying assumptions of the problem of evil are themselves problematic.
A primitive equation spectral model for study of planetary-scale atmospheric flow
Authors: BEDI HS
Published: April 2022

The developments in numercial modelling for the atmosphere in recent years have shown that the spectral models are well suited for general circulation studies of the planetary-scale atmosphere. The use of transform method developed during last decade has made the spectral models comparable in computational speed with the grid point models.

A global primitive equation model using spectral formulation is under development in the India Meteorological Department. The spectral representation is in terms of a truncated series of surface spherical harmonic functions. The computational facllitiesavaila1Jle at present do not perlt1it the development of a high-resolution model. The horizontal resolution, therefore, is limited to six Fourier waves in the zonal direction, and six zeros of Legendre functions in the meridional direction. In the vertical, the model has three layers in sigma coordinate.

The model is in Its early stage of development. The model formulation, the results of some experiments performed with It and the future development plans are discussed in this paper.
Further studies of a lake breeze: Part 1- Observational study
Authors: ESTOQUE MARIANOA
Published: April 2022

The three-dimensional structure and bebaviour of a lake-land breeze circulation system induced by lake Ontario for a selected 24-hour period is presented. The structure is   determined from observations made during the International Field Year of the Great Lakes. The case which has been studied occurred when the large scale prevailing flow was blowing from the south at relatively low speeds. The study shows that the lake induces a broad belt of easterlies over the lake in the afternoon and the early evening. It also indicates that the lake breeze; is more likely to occur over the southwestern coastal regions than over the southeastern coastal regions. During the early morning hours, surface wind convergence occurs over the northeastern shoreline but not over the northwestern shoreline.
Galerkin B-spline technique for parabolic problems
Authors: JOG GN , JAIN PC
Published: April 2022

A computational scheme for the solution of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations is developed. The proposed scheme, which is second order accurate in time, is based upon a combined approach of quasi-linearization and the Galerkin method wherein a basis consisting of the cubic B-splines has been used. An illustrative example is solved to test the scheme. The numerical results are in good agreement with the available results.
Wind and waves over the Bombay High Area
Authors: THIRUVENGADATHAN A , PADVAL SV , OOMMEN SARAMMA
Published: April 2022

Based on the observations of Sagar Samrat for the 9-year period, 1974 to 1982 the climatological features of the wind and wave field over the Bombay High Area are discussed.