bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distal sociological determinants and their association with the spatial distribution of new diagnoses of HIV infection in small areas in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Agusti Cristina , Font-Casaseca Núria , Belvis Francesc , Julià Mireia , Vives Núria , Montoliu Alexandra , Casabona Jordi , Benach Joan
Published: June 2020

Background
Spatial visualization of HIV surveillance data could improve the planning of programs to address the HIV epidemic.
Methods
Surveillance data from the national registry were presented in the form of descriptive and ring maps and used to study the spatial distribution of new HIV diagnoses in Catalonia (2012–2016) and associated risk factors at the small area level (ABS, acronym for “basic health area in Catalan). Incident cases were modeled using the following as predictors: type of municipality, prevalence of young men and migrant groups, MSM activity indicators, and other variables at the aggregated level.
Results
New HIV diagnoses are heterogeneously distributed across Catalonia. The predictors that proved to be significantly associated with a higher rate of new HIV diagnoses were ABS located in the city of Barcelona (IRR, 2.520; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of men aged 15–44 years (IRR, 1.193; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of MSM (IRR, 1.230; P = 0.030), a higher proportion of men from Western Europe (IRR, 1.281; P = 0.003), a higher proportion of men from Latin America (IRR, 1.260; P = 0.003), and a higher number of gay locations (IRR, 2.665; P < 0.001). No association was observed between the HIV diagnosis rate and economic deprivation.
Conclusions
Ring maps revealed substantial spatial associations for the rate of new HIV diagnoses. New HIV diagnoses are concentrated in ABS located in urban areas. Our results show that the socioeconomic deprivation index on which the Catalan government bases its budget allocation policies among the ABS may not be appropriate for all diseases.
RT-PCR Status and Antibody Response in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Lan , Zhang Xiao-Bin , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Zhang Su-Zhen , Han Qiu-Ying , Feng Zhi-Peng , Xiao Xiong , Chen Hui-Min , Chen Xian-Li , Lan Yu-Pei , Yin Zhen-Yu
Published: June 2020

Background: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new viral species that causes pneumonia. Currently, RT-PCR and IgM/IgG antibody assays have been recommended for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. However, the correlation between RT-PCR status and antibody (IgG, IgM) response remains unknown. Methods: Consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to our department between February 10, 2020 and March 10, 2020, were diagnosed by guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) and included in this study. RT-PCR and antibody (IgM/IgG) assays for COVID-19 infection were performed for all patients according to the manufactures’ protocols. Other data, such as demographic, clinical, laboratory, as well as treatment and outcome, were collected using data collection tables from electronic medical records.Results: During the study period, a total of 103 patients were diagnosed as having a moderate type of COVID-19 at our department, including 55 males and 48 females, with an average age of 57.53 ± 1.65 years old (range 23 to 90 years old). The peak level of SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody (243.10 ± 89.84 AU/ml) was reported 4 days after the negative RT-PCR (-) (all P < 0.05). Subsequently, the IgM decreased to 42.69 ± 22.39 AU/ml 21 days after RT-PCR (-). However, the IgG was maintained at a high level 4 days before RT-PCR (-) and later. The lymphocyte count was at the lowest level on day7 before the RT-PCR(-) result (P<0.05), and then elevated after RT-PCR conversion (viral clearance).Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG levels did not correlate with RT-PCR status in our study sample. We found that SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG could be a potential biomarker to monitor clinical course, determine discharge, and assess recovery of those infected patients with the novel coronavirus. Trial registration: A prospective, open label, randomized, control trial for chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in patients with mild and common novel coronavirus pulmonary (COVIP-19). ChiCTR2000030054. Registered 18 Feb,2020. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=49869&htm=4
Skin cancer risk factors among black South Africans — the Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995–2016
Authors: Ndlovu Babongile Confidence , Sengayi-Muchengeti Mazvita , Wright Caradee Y , Chen Wenlong C , Kuonza Lazarus , Singh Elvira
Published: June 2020

Background
The Black population is known to have lower risk for skin cancers due to melanin content of the skin. Regardless, skin cancers still occur in Black populations. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with skin cancer among Blacks presenting at selected tertiary hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods
A case-control study was conducted; cases were patients with keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and/or melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and controls were cardiovascular patients. Socio-demographic exposures (sex and residency), environmental exposures (heating and cooking fuels), smoking, and HIV status were assessed. The proportions of cases by skin cancer major subtype, demographics, histological spectrum and anatomical site of distribution were determined. A stepwise (backward elimination) logistic regression was done to identify risk factors associated with KC and MSC.
Results
More KCs (n = 160) were found compared to MSCs (n = 101). The majority of both KCs and MSCs were reported in ages 51-60-years (27%). The median age at KC and MSC diagnosis was similar in both sexes; 50-years (IQR:38–57) and 56-years (IQR:48–68), respectively. The KC histological spectrum showed that there were more squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (78/160 in females, and 72/160 in males) than basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The SCC lesions were mostly found on the skin of the head and neck in males (51%, 38/72) and on the trunk in females (46%, 36/78). MSC was shown to affect the skin of the lower limbs in both males (68%, 27/40) and females (59%, 36/61). Using females as the reference group, when age, current place of residency, type of cooking fuel used currently, smoking, and HIV status were adjusted for, males had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for developing KC (CI:1.08–3.84, p = 0.028). Similarly, when age, current place of residency, place of cooking (indoors or outdoors) were adjusted for, males had an OR of 2.26 for developing MSC (CI:1.19–4.29, p = 0.012).
Conclusions
Differences in anatomical distribution of KCs by sex suggest different risk factors between sexes. Rural dwelling was a newly found association to skin cancer and warrants further investigation. This study highlights the importance of skin cancer awareness campaigns and interventions especially in rural areas.
Effects of interfering plasmid on the pathogenicity of gastric cancer by cell proliferation and apoptosis testing
Authors: Geng xingliang , Li Weidong , liao guoyang
Published: June 2020

Background

To study the effects of recombinant interfering plasmids (pCDNA3.1-miR340) on the pathogenicity of gastric cancer by assessing cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Methods

Microarrays were used to analyse the function of pCDNA3.1-miR340. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate miRNA-340 expression in different patients, while the pCDNA3.1-miR340 plasmid was constructed for use in wound-healing and migration assays. Expression of the miRNA-340 target, RhoA, was assessed by Western blotting.
Results

miRNA-340 expression was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer. Treatment with pCDNA3.1-miR340 significantly slowed tumour growth compared to treatment with empty plasmid. Additionally, when miRNA-340 expression was reduced, apoptosis decreased significantly, while RhoA protein expression increased 1.90-2.02-fold in SGC-7901 cells.
Conclusions

pCDNA3.1-miR340 had a positive therapeutic effect on the pathogenicity of gastric cancer.
Low Caring Morale: A Qualitative Study of Ghanaian Pediatric Oncology Nurses’ Care Practice Challenges.
Authors: Nukpezah Ruth Nimota , Fomani Fatemeh Khoshnavay , Hasanpour Marzieh , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht
Published: June 2020

Background: Pediatric cancer is a global problem, and some studies have highlighted that nurses in a low-income country experience work related challenges. Other studies have confirmed that nurses' caring work is often affected by several intrinsic and extrinsive factors which directly or indirectly influence the level of nurses' caring morale. But no study has explored this phenomenon among the pediatric oncology nurses in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to explore and understand the challenges that the pediatric oncology nurses experience when caring for children with cancer in Ghana. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from August 2019 - April 2020, among 14 Ghanaian pediatric oncology nurses who were purposively sampled. The data collection instrument was a face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured individual interview. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed inductively using Elo and Kyngas content analysis approach. The criteria proposed by Guba and Lincoln were used to ensure the validity of the research.Results: The analysis of the interviews, suggests that the challenges that the pediatric oncology nurses experience are: Time-consuming care, Low Job motivations, Inadequate logistics, Work stress, Reduced labor force, Low knowledge level, Absence of team work and the Perception of contracting cancer. Conclusions: The results point to a number of organizational and personal constraints that leads to low morale of nurses who work at the pediatric oncology ward. There is the need for the administrative managers of hospitals, government and other stake holders to invest in human, material and financial resources for delivering child hood cancer care services. It is hoped that by addressing this challenges, there would be improvement in the care that is provided to children with cancer and also positively improve the care giving morale of the nurses.
Identification of novel loci and candidate genes for resistance to cucumber powdery mildew using GWAS
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Lu Hongwei , Liu Panna , Miao Han , Bai Yuling , Gu Xingfang , Zhang Shengping
Published: June 2020

Background

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the most serious diseases in cucumber and causes huge yield loss. Multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PM resistance have been detected in previous studies, however, none of these studies used the approach of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). In this study, a cucumber core germplasm (CG) consisting of 109 resequenced lines was evaluated for PM resistance in three seasons.
Results

twelve loci (pmG1.1, pmG2.1, pmG2.2, pmG3.1, pmG4.1, pmG4.2, pmG5.1, pmG5.2, pmG5.3, pmG5.4, pmG6.1 and pmG6.2) associated with PM resistance were detected on all chromosomes except for Chr.7 using GWAS. Among these loci, pmG2.1, pmG4.1 and pmG6.1 were the novel ones that have not been reported in previous studies. The loci of pmG2.1, pmG5.2, pmG5.3 showed stronger signal in three seasons, for which three candidate genes Csa2G022790, Csa5G484620 and Csa5G604330 were respectively predicted using pairwise LD correlation and qRT-PCR analysis. Further, Csa4G022270 in pmG4.1, Csa6G022350 and Csa6G022370 in pmG6.1 might be the candidate genes based on the annotation of homologous genes in Arabidopsis.
Conclusion

Twelve Loci related to powdery mildew resistance in cucumber were detected by genome-wide association analysis, three of which namely pmG2.1, pmG4.1 and pmG6.1 are novel. Three candidate genes within the genomic region of locus pmG2.1, pmG5.2 and pmG5.3 were identified, respectively. These results provide targets for gene cloning and genetic breeding of PM resistance in cucumber.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Abdominal Pain in IBS Patients by Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Lin Zhongyuan , Wang Yimin , Lin Shiqing , Liu Decheng , Mo Guohui , Zhang Hui , dou Yunling
Published: June 2020

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort and pain. The mechanisms of abdominal pain, as a relevant symptom, in IBS are still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes and neurobiological changes specially involved in abdominal pain in IBS.Methods: Gene expression data (GSE36701) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Fifty-three rectal mucosa samples from Irritable Bowel Syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and 40 samples from healthy volunteers (HV) as controls were included. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape.Results: The microarray analysis demonstrated a subset of genes (CCKBR, CCL13ACPP, BDKRB2, GRPR, SLC1A2, NPFF, P2RX4, TRPA1, CCKBR, TLX2, MRGPRX3, PAX2, CXCR1) specially involved in pain transmission. Among these genes, we identified GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1 genes as potential biomarkers for irritating abdominal pain of IBS patients.Conclusions: Overexpression of certain pain-related genes (GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1) may contribute to chronic visceral hypersensitivity, therefore be partly responsible for recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort in IBS patients. Several synapses modification and biological process of psychological distress may be risk factors of IBS.
Atomic Ring Invariant and Modified CANON Extended Connectivity Algorithm for Symmetry Perception in Molecular Graphs and Rigorous Canonicalization of SMILES
Authors: Krotko Dmytro G.
Published: June 2020

We propose new invariant (product of corresponding primes for ring size of each bond of an atom) as a simple unambiguous ring invariant of the atom which allows to distinguish symmetry classes in highly symmetrical molecular graphs (with using of traditional local atom invariants). Also, we propose modifications of Weininger’s CANON algorithm which let to avoid its ambiguities (swapping and leveling of ranks, incorrect determination of symmetry classes in non-aromatic annulenes, arbitrary selection of atom for breaking ties). The atomic ring invariant and the Modified CANON algorithm allow us to create a rigorous procedure for the generation of canonical SMILES which can be used for accurate and fast structural search in large chemical databases.
Cnidium officinale Makino Promotes Skin Health via Anti-Inflammation Processes in Various Skin Cell Lines
Authors: Ku Jin Mo , Hong Se Hyang , Kim Hyo In , Kim Min Jeong , Mok Kyungyul , Shin Yong Cheol , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: June 2020

Background Dermatitis is a worldwide health problem that is associated with quality of life. The skin continuously protects the body from the noxious environment. Cnidium officinale Makino (CM) is an herb used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases.Methods This study aimed to investigate whether CM exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and to describe the effect of CM on the moisturizing and whitening of human mast cells (HMC-1), keratinocytes and melanocyte cells. Antioxidant activity was measured by a DPPH free radical assay. The mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthases 1, 2, and 3, Filaggrin, Claudin-4 and Aquaporin3 was measured by RT-PCR. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, TRP1, TRP2, AKT, Erk and NF-kB protein levels were evaluated by Western blotting analysis.Results We found that the levels of the DPPH free radical were decreased by CM treatments. CM exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, including the suppression of inflammation-associated molecules. We found that the levels of whitening-related proteins (MITF, tyrosinase, TRP1, and TRP2) were increased with CM treatment compared with α-MSH stimulation in B16F10 cells. CM induced the upregulation of hyaluronan synthases 1, 2, and 3, Filaggrin, Claudin-4 and Aquaporin3 mRNA expression in keratinocytes.Conclusions These findings indicate that CM reduced several inflammatory responses. CM exhibited antioxidant, skin-moisturizing and whitening activity, indicating that CM might be a useful drug for combating inflammation and in skin care.
The Impact of Guidelines on Sterility Precautions During Indwelling Urethral Catheterization at Two Acute-Care Hospitals in Sweden - A Descriptive Survey
Authors: Kulbay Aysel , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Tammelin Ann
Published: June 2020

Background: To support a uniform and evidence-based practice for indwelling urinary catheterization in adults The European association of Urology Nurses (EAUN) published guidelines for this procedure in 2012. The Swedish national guidelines are based on the sterility precautions advocated by EAUN. Nevertheless, some hospitals have local guidelines with other requirements concerning sterility and leave to staff to decide what equipment to use and how to perform the catheterization. The aim of this study was to investigate the nurses´ self-reported sterility precautions during indwelling urethral catheterization at two acute-care hospitals, where the local guidelines differ in their sterility requirements. The study also aimed to analyse factors affecting the participants´ conformity with sterility precautions recommended in the EAUN-guidelines. Methods: A structured questionnaire with questions concerning the participant, working conditions and performance of indwelling urethral catheterization was left to 931 nurses in two acute care hospitals. Chi-square test, Fisher´s exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was used to analyse variables associated with practicing the sterility precautions as recommended in the EAUN-guidelines.Results: Answers were obtained from 852 persons (91.5 %). A majority of the participants called their insertion technique “non-sterile”. Regardless of what the insertion technique was called, the participants said that the IUC should be kept sterile during procedure. In spite of that not everyone used necessary sterile equipment to maintain the sterility of the catheter. The nurses´ conformity with all the sterility precautions as advocated in the EAUN-guidelines were associated with working at departments for surgery and cardiology (OR 2.50, CI 1.78-3.49) and years in profession (OR 1.54, CI 1.03-2.30). It was also associated with use of sterile set for catheterization (OR 2.03, CI 1.40-2.94), use of sterile drapes for dressing of the insertion area (OR 1.94, CI 1.25-3.00) and using the term “sterile technique” for indwelling urethral catheterization (OR 1.67, CI 1.13-2.47). Conclusions: To achieve a uniform practice in aseptic urethral catheterization national and local hospital guidelines should advocate same sterility precautions. Evidence-based guidelines should describe how sterility precautions are accomplished and should be implemented in healthcare-settings.
Effect of Fish-oil Supplementation During Lactation on Maternal Milk Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Concentration: Results From a Sub-study of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Argaw Alemayehu , Bouckaert Kimberley P , Wondafrash Mekitie , Kolsteren Patrick , Lachat Carl , Meulenaer Bruno De , Hanley-Cook Giles , Huybregts Lieven
Published: June 2020

Background: Human milk (HM) is the main source of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries. While the AA concentration in HM seems rather stable, the concentration of DHA is highly variable and influenced by the maternal intake of marine foods. Mothers in low-income settings living far from coastal areas have limited access to marine foods which may put their children at risk of inadequate omega-3 (n-3) LCPs intake.Objective: In a sub-study of an individually randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation of lactating mothers on HM n-3 LCPs concentrations in a rural setting in Ethiopia.Methods: Mothers (n = 360) with children 6-12 months old were randomized to receive either an intervention fish-oil capsules [FO: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg EPA] or a control corn-oil capsules [CO: without n-3 LCPs] for 12 months. In a random subsample of 154 participants, we analyzed LCPs in HM and child capillary blood using gas chromatography at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months of the intervention.Results: Compared to the control, FO supplementation increased HM concentrations of DHA by 39.0% (P < 0.001) and EPA by 36.2% (P < 0.001), whereas the AA/(DHA + EPA) ratio decreased by 53.5% (P < 0.001). We also found statistically significant associations between the changes in (DHA + EPA)/AA ratio in the maternal milk and the child capillary blood samples following the supplementation (P < 0.001). However, HM DHA concentrations still remained lower than international norms after the fish-oil intervention.Conclusions: Fish-oil supplementation in lactating mothers improves n-3 LCPs status of HM. It is recommended that future studies evaluate different doses of n-3 LCP and consider the impact of potential effect modifiers such as genetic polymorphism, diet, and others.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01817634. Registered 20 March 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01817634.
Oncological outcome of patients with salivary gland cancer treated with surgery and postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zang Shoumei , Chen Meiqin , Huang Huijie , Zhu Xinli , Yan Danfang , yan senxiang
Published: June 2020

Background
Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is comparatively rare and constitutes a variety of histological subtypes. Previously published studies included SGC patients who were irradiated using conventional radiotherapy or 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3-DCRT) may have led to suboptimal oncological outcomes.
Methods
We identified 60 patients with major SGC treated with surgery followed by postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Data for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), prognostic factors, and treatment-related toxicities were analyzed. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
Results
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was the most common histology (n = 21; 35%). With a median follow-up of 55.5 months, OS and PFS were 90.7%, 85.1%, and 85.1%; and 80.1%, 72.7%, and 63.1%, at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. LRRFS and DMFS at 3, 5, and 10 years were 87.4%, 82.1%, and 82.1%; and 85.3%, 78.4%, and 66.1%, respectively. Five-year OS, PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS for ACC was 100%, 67.7%, 76.2%, and 90.2%, respectively. In multivariable analysis (MVA), N stage was an independent predictor of PFS (p = 0.047). Positive margin was a significant prognostic factor for PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS (p = 0.036, 0.026, and 0.011, respectively). Major nerve involvement was significantly correlated with PFS and DMFS (p = 0.034 and 0.008, respectively). Interval from surgery to radiotherapy (RT) predicted PFS and DMFS (p = 0.036 and 0.012, respectively). The most common acute toxicities were mucositis and dermatitis, and xerostomia was the most common late adverse event. Lung metastasis was the most common pattern of distant failure.
Conclusion
Postoperative IMRT leads to improved survival for SGC patients with acceptable toxicities.
Dynamic Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Identification of Candidate Genes Involved in Anaerobic Germination Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Su Ling , Yang Jing , Li Dandan , Peng Ziai , Xia Aoyun , Yang Meng , Luo Lixing , Huang Cuihong , Wang Jiafeng , Wang Hui , Chen Zhiqiang , Guo Tao
Published: June 2020

Background: In Asian rice production, an increasing number of countries now choose the direct seeding mode because of rising costs, labour shortages and water shortages. The ability of rice seeds to undergo anaerobic germination (AG) plays an important role in the success of direct seeding.Results: In this study, we used 2,123,725 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on resequencing to conduct a dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coleoptile length (CL) and coleoptile diameter (CD) in 209 natural rice populations. A total of 26 SNP loci were detected in these two phenotypes, of which 5 overlapped with previously reported loci (S1_ 39674301, S6_ 20797781, S7_ 18722403, S8_ 9946213, S11_ 19165397), and two sites were detected repeatedly at different time points (S3_ 24689629 and S5_ 27918754). We suggest that these 7 loci (−log10 (P) value > 7.3271) are the key sites that affect AG tolerance. To screen the candidate genes more effectively, we sequenced the transcriptome of the flooding-tolerant variety YZX in six key stages, including anaerobic (AN) and the oxygen conversion point (AN-A), and obtained high-quality differential expression profiles. Four reliable candidate genes were identified: Os01g0911700 (OsVP1), Os05g0560900 (OsGA2ox8), Os05g0562200 (OsDi19-1) and Os06g0548200. Then, qRT-PCR and LC-MS/MS-based target metabolite detection technology were used to verify the expression levels of these four candidate genes and the contents of the metabolites they regulate, which specifically responded to AG.Conclusion: The four novel candidate genes were associated with gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulation and cell wall metabolism under oxygen-deficiency conditions and promoted coleoptile elongation while avoiding adverse effects, allowing the coleoptile to obtain oxygen, escape the low-oxygen environment and germinate rapidly. The results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic basis of AG in rice seeds, which is conducive to the selection of flooding-tolerant varieties suitable for direct seeding.
Association of rs81471943 and reproductive traits reveals EXOC4 as novel molecular breeding marker in pigs
Authors: He Yingting , Zhou Xiaofeng , Hu Bin , zheng Rongrong , Jiang Yao , Yao Zhixiang , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Hao , Wang Xilong , Li Jiaqi , Yuan Xiaolong
Published: June 2020

Background: In mammals, the exocyst complex component 4 ( EXOC 4 ) gene has often been reported to be involved in vesicle transport. The rs81471943 (C/T) locates at the intron of porcine EXOC 4 , and six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) within 5-10 Mb around EXOC 4 are associated with ovary weight, teat number, total born alive, and corpus luteum number. However, the molecular mechanisms between EXOC 4 and reproductive performance of pigs remains incompletely elucidated.Results: In this study, rs81471943 was genotyped from a total of 994 Duroc sows, and the genotype and allele frequency of rs81471943 (C/T) were statistically analyzed. Then the associations between rs81471943 and four reproductive traits including number of piglets born alive (NBA), litter weight at birth (LWB)，number of piglets weaned (NW), and litter weight at weaning (LWW) were determined. Besides, the sanger sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were utilized to identify genotype of rs81471943. We found that the genotype frequency of CC was significantly higher than that of CT and TT, and TT was the favorable genotype on NW ( P =0.01) and LWW ( P <0.01). Moreover, 5’-deletion and luciferase assays identified a positive transcription regulatory element in -1826/-1551 of EXOC 4 . After exploring -1826/-1551 fragment, -1781G/A linked with rs81471943 (C/T) were identified by analysis the transcription activity of the haplotypes, and -1781 G/A might influence the potential binding of P 53 , ETS transcription factor ( ELK1 ), and myeloid zinc finger 1 ( MZF 1 ).Conclusions: In 994 Duroc pigs, rs81471943 of TT was the favorable genotype on NW (P=0.01) and LWW (P<0.01), and the haplotypes of -1781G/A and rs81471943 significantly affect the transcription activity of EXOC 4 , which might influence the binding of potential cis-acting elements P 53 , ELK 1 and/or MZF 1 . These findings provide useful information for identifying the molecular marker of EXOC 4 -assisted selection in pig breeding.
Bridging Different Realities - a Qualitative Study on Patients’ Experiences of Preoperative Care for Benign Hysterectomy and Opportunistic Salpingectomy in Sweden
Authors: Collins Elin , Lindqvist Maria , Mogren Ingrid , Idahl Annika
Published: June 2020

BackgroundHysterectomy is a common procedure worldwide and removing healthy fallopian tubes at the time of hysterectomy (opportunistic salpingectomy) to possibly prevent ovarian cancer is increasing in frequency, but still controversial. The experiences and perceptions of women, eligible for the procedure, have not been previously investigated.This study aims to, among women waiting to undergo hysterectomy, explore i) experiences and perceptions of self and healthcare in relation to their elective surgery, ii) perceptions of risks and benefits of hysterectomy, including opportunistic salpingectomy.MethodsA qualitative study, with focus group discussions including women < 55 years, planned for hysterectomy with ovarian preservation, was performed. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from six gynecological departments in different parts of Sweden, including both country and university hospitals. Focus group discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.ResultsTwenty-one Swedish-speaking women participated. They were 40-53 years of age, reported varying educational levels, countries of birth and indications for hysterectomy. Analysis rendered a theme “Bridging different realities” over four categories: “Being a woman today”, “Experiencing and managing body failure”, “Navigating the healthcare system” and “Processing continuously until surgery”, including 17 subcategories. The participants displayed varying attitudes towards the significance of their uterus in being a woman. A vague understanding of their body was described, leading to fear related to the reasons for surgery as well as surgery itself. Participants described difficulties understanding and recalling information but also stated that insufficient information was provided. Perceptions of the risks and benefits of opportunistic salpingectomy varied. Involvement in decisions regarding the hysterectomy and potential opportunistic salpingectomy was perceived to be dependent on the counselling gynecologist.ConclusionsThe theme Bridging different realities captures the complexity of women deciding on removal of their uterus, and possibly fallopian tubes. It also describes the women’s interactions with healthcare and perceived difference between the health professionals and the women’s perception of the situation, as viewed by the women. Bridging the different realities faced by patients is required to enable shared decision-making, through sufficient support from healthcare.
Validation and Shortening Questionnaires Used in Surveys and Trials on Populations with Substance use Disorders: A Method using the Fatigue Severity Scale
Authors: Vold Jørn Henrik , Gjestad Rolf , Aas Christer , Meland Eivind , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPrecise and valid measurements of health outcomes and exposures among people with substance use disorders (SUDs) is essential to improve health services and health within this group. Unfortunately, many of the standardized questionnaires are validated on other populations and are often too comprehensive, and insufficiently adapted to the group. This may introduce limitations on several aspects that can be assessed but also biases due to research participation fatigue. New methods are needed to validate shortened and adapted questionnaires for this population. This study aims to present a method on how to shorten validated questionnaires and assure a construct validity when applied to SUD populations. MethodsWe used the data from a nested cohort with responses on a nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-9), and Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAFS) collected from 655 people with SUD in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway, in the period 2016-2020. A total of 225 people filled out FSS-9 and VAFS at least twice. We defined baseline as the first measurement of FSS and VAFS when the measurements were sorted chronologically per participant. A three-step method was used for validation and shortening: Checking of internal consistency; longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis; linear mixed model analysis.ResultsThe internal consistency of FSS-9 was excellent with a Cronbach’s coefficient α on 0.94 at baseline and 0.92 at the second measurement. When shortening FSS-9 to a three-item FSS (FSS-3) (items 5-7), the Cronbach’s coefficient α was 0.87 at baseline and 0.85 at the second measurement. The internal consistency was not affected when VAFS was added to FSS-9 and FSS-3, respectively. The longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis model between baseline and second measurement showed a well-fitted model for FSS-3 (χ2 = 13.33, degree of freedom = 8, P = 0.101) with a correlation on r = 0.52, P < 0.001 between the measurements. The linear mixed model analysis showed equal linear changes at individual level for FSS-3 (slope: 0.00, P > 0.05) and FSS-9 (slope: 0.01, P > 0.05) between the measurements.ConclusionThe ten items could be shortened to a three-item version with excellent validity and reliability. This method could be useful for validating and shortening other questionnaires among patients with SUD and other populations.
Report about the clinical meaning of patients with pathologic metastasis of lateral lymph nodes but no metastasis of mesenteric lymph nodes after lateral lymph node dissection in low rectal cancer
Authors: Li Peng , Zhang Zhichun , Zhou Yuanda , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Xipeng , Sun Yi
Published: June 2020

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of lateral lymph node metastasis with no mesenteric lymph node metastasis after lateral lymph node dissection in middle and low rectal cancer .Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 5 consecutive patients who were pathologically diagnosed with lateral lymph node metastasis, while mesenteric lymph node metastasis was not observed after laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection underwent for advanced low rectal cancer from July 2017 to August 2019.Results All the 5 patients were successfully completed laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection, and no cases were transferred to laparotomy.The mean age was 58.80±6.53 years, Two Miles surgeries and three Dixson surgeries were performed.Conclusion We found that some patients had lateral lymph node metastasis, while mesenteric lymph nodes had no metastasis after lateral lymph node dissection.This phenomenon suggests that lateral lymph nodes are one of the important metastasis pathways of low rectal cancer,a new N stage is needed to distinguish it from other types of lymph node metastasis.In addition, LLND is of great significance for the pathological diagnosis of lateral lymph nodes.
A protein interaction map identifies existing drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Cava Claudia , Bertoli Gloria , Castiglioni Isabella
Published: June 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), an emerging Betacoronavirus, is the causative agent of COVID-19. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), being the main cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, plays a role in the entry of the virus into the cell. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment and neither preventive drugs such as vaccines. Results: We proposed a bioinformatics analysis in order to test in silico existing drugs as a fast way to identify an efficient therapy. We found differentially expressed genes in COVID-19 patients correlated with ACE-2 and we explored their direct relations with a network approach. Conclusions: In this network we integrated drug-gene interactions and we proposed several drugs with antiviral activity that, alone or in combination with other treatment options, could be considered as therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.
The Clinicopathological Characteristics of Androgen Receptor Splicing Variant 7 (AR-V7) Expression in Patients with Castration Resistance Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhize , Li Qinchen , Shen Haixiang , Wang Chaojun , Xie Liping
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicate AR-V7 may be related to the poor prognosis of castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), while the evidence of the clinicopathological characteristics of AR-V7 is rare. METHODS To evaluate the clinicopathological features of AR-V7 in CRPC patients. A search of PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science was performed using the keywords prostate cancer, prostate tumor, prostate neoplasm, prostate carcinoma; AR-V7, AR3, androgen receptor splicing variant-7, or androgen receptor-3. Twenty-four trials published due February 2020 were enrolled. RESULTS The proportion of Gleason score ≥ 8 was significantly higher in AR-V7-positive CRPC (69.5%) than negative (54.9%) (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.25–2.25, P<0.001), while the rate of T3/T4 stage (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.60–2.24, P=0.65) and N1 stage (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65–1.51, P=0.96) were not statistically related to AR-V7 status. AR-V7-ositive patients had a significantly higher proportion of any site metastasis (61.3% versus 35.0%) (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.57–3.05, P<0.001) and bone metastasis (81.7% versus 69.0%) (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.44–2.69, P<0.001), and a trend close to significance was expected in visceral metastasis (28.8% versus 22.1%) (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.96–1.74, P=0.09). The percentage of pain presence in AR-V7-positive CRPC (54.6%) was prominently higher than negative (28.1%) (OR 4.23, 95% CI 2.52–7.10, P<0.001), line with worse ECOG performance status (56.7% versus 35.0%, OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.51–3.16, P<0.001). Limitations of the study include the differences in study sample size and design, AR-V7 detection assay, and disease characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AR-V7 positivity was associated with higher Gleason score, bone or any site metastasis, presence of pain and worse ECOG performance score in CRPC, but not related to tumor stage or lymph node metastasis. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of Preventive, Supportive and Awareness Building Measures among International Students in China in Response to COVID-19: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Sarker Tanwne , Sarkar Apurbo , Rabbany Md. Ghulam , Barmon Milon , Roy Rana , Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Hossain Kh Zulfikar , Hoque Fazlul , Asaduzzaman Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its high mortality, stigma and panic has compelled many cities and countries to complete lockdown. The worldwide student group is one of the most affected and vulnerable communities in this situation. Our current study aimed to assess the impact of the behavior change communication among international students in China in current COVID-19 crisis.Methods In this paper, we have utilized partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to understand the health behaviour changes of international students in China in response to novel Coronavirus outbreak. We mainly analyzed the relationship among the three selected latent variables (preventive, supportive and awareness building) based on a survey among the international students (n=467) in China in February 2020. We obtained their valuable responses regarding level of awareness, satisfaction and trust in authorities (i.e., government, local authorities and institutions) during this emergency period. Results We utilized 22 indicators in the conceptual framework model with the help of Smart PLS 2.0 version software. The lowest average variance extracted (AVE) for all the constructs of our paper exceeded the minimum accepted value of 0.5, representing the adequate convergent validity. Prediction of students’ satisfaction, the key outcome degree of the model, was nearly moderate, with an R2 = 0.507 whereas the prediction of trust in authorities was above substantial, with an R2 = 0.797. Therefore, our PLS-SEM model showed a strong and significant positive association between preventive and supportive measures taken for the study population and gaining trust, awareness and satisfaction in authorities. Conclusions Integrated partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) can be a great way to measure the satisfaction and trust level of various population groups over government, local authorities, and institutions in public health emergency like COVID-19 crisis. We believe that our findings are important for travel and global health perspectives. Other countries can learn and take necessary initiatives for their international students and general public to halt this deadly epidemic with gaining their satisfaction and trust as well.
Motivational nondirective resonance breathing versus transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of fibromyalgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paccione Charles Ethan , Diep Lien My , Stubhaug Audun , Jacobsen Henrik Børsting
Published: June 2020

BackgroundChronic widespread pain (CWP), including fibromyalgia (FM), affects one in every ten adults and is one of the leading causes of sick leave and emotional distress. Due to an unclear etiology and a complex pathophysiology, FM is a condition with few, if any, effective and safe treatments. However, current research within the field of vagal nerve innervation suggests psychophysiological and electrical means by which FM may be treated. This study will investigate the efficacy of two different non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation techniques for the treatment of FM.MethodsThe study will use a randomized, single blind, sham-controlled design to investigate the treatment efficacy of motivational nondirective resonance breathing (MNRBTM) and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (Nemos® tVNS) on patients diagnosed with FM. Consenting FM patients (N=112) who are referred to the Department of Pain Management and Research at Oslo University Hospital, in Oslo, Norway, will be randomized into one of four independent groups. Half of these participants (N=56) will be randomized to either an experimental tVNS group or a sham tVNS group. The other half (N=56) will be randomized to either an experimental MNRB group or a sham MNRB group. Both active and sham treatment interventions will be delivered twice per day at home, 15 min/morning and 15 min/evening, for a total duration of 2 weeks (14 days). Participants are invited to the clinic twice, once for pre- and once for post-intervention data collection. The primary outcome is changes in photoplethysmography measured heart rate variability. Secondary outcomes include self-reported pain intensity on a numeric rating scale, changes in pain detection threshold, pain tolerance threshold, and pain-pressure limit determined by computerized pressure cuff algometry, blood pressure, and health related quality of life.DiscussionThe described randomized controlled trial aims to compare the efficacy of two vagal nerve innervation interventions, MNRB and tVNS, on heart rate variability and pain intensity in patients suffering from FM. This project tests a new and potentially effective means of treating a major public and global health concern where prevalence is high, disability is severe, and treatment options are limited.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03180554; Date of Registration: 08/06/2017
Identification of Drug Targets and Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Wantong Jingu Tablet in Treatment of Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis based on 16S rDNA High-Throughput Sequencing and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Li Zhaodong , Qi Fangyuan , Li Fan
Published: June 2020

Background: Wantong Jingu Tablet (WJT), a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine, can reduce the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its pharmacological mechanism is unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of WJT for RA in vivo.Methods: The effects of WJT on the joint pathology, and the levels of Bax, Bcl-2,caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, ERK1/2, pERK1/2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were demonstrated based on several experiments in the model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the effect of WJT on the overall structure and composition of gut microbiota. Meanwhile, metabolite changes in faeces were analyzed by metabolomics techniques. Results: The results showed that WJT restored the joint pathology in CIA rats, upregulated Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, downregulated Bcl-2, caspase-3, and pERK1/2, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The overall gut microbial structure in CIA rats was altered after WJT treatment. Three bacterial phyla were prominently restored: Bacteroidetes,Tenericutes and Deferribacteres, and three bacterial genera were significantly reversed: Vibrio, Macrococcus and Vagococcus. Furthermore, five specific metabolites associated with these specific bacterial genera were identified by correlation analysis. In addition, WJT supplement trended to down-regulate the other five metabolites according to metabolomic analyses. Conclusions: These results revealed that WJT restored the pathological changes of RA might through activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, inhibited MEK/ERK signaling, and modulating the special bacteria and the special metabolites.
Effects of Yinzhihuang Granules on Serum Liver Enzymes in Jaundice Patients: A Real-World Study Based on HIS Data
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhang Lidan , Lyu Jian , Xie Yanming , Xie Yuting
Published: June 2020

Background: Yinzhihuang granule is a proprietary Chinese medicine to treat jaundice. The formula was derived from Yinchenhao decoction in Zhongjing Zhang’s “Treatise on Febrile Diseases,” which has been used to treat jaundice for more than two thousand years. Yinzhihuang granule has been widely used in China to treat neonatal jaundice; its effectiveness has been confirmed by randomized controlled trials, but there have been only few real-world studies. Electronic medical record is an important source of data for the real-world studies. We previously constructed a data warehouse which integrates real-world electronic medical records from the hospital information system of multiple 3A hospitals in China and then performed a series of beneficial real-world exploratory researches. Our aim was to analyze the influence of yinzhihuang granule on serum liver enzymes in jaundice patients and to provide real-world evidence for the efficacy evaluation of yinzhihuang granule in treating jaundice.Methods: We used a descriptive statistical method to analyze the changes in the serum liver enzymes of the jaundice patients treated with yinzhihuang granules and then used Wilcoxon signed-rank to test the changes in the indicators caused by the treatment.Results: After being treated with yinzhihuang granules, the jaundice patients had a decrease in the average serum levels of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), but had no significant changes in the average serum levels of direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The data analysis on the real-world electronic medical records demonstrate that yinzhihuang granules help to reduce jaundice patients’ serum levels of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, but there is no evidence that yinzhihuang granules help to reduce the jaundice patients’ serum levels of direct bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase.