bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La participación del sector privado y la importancia de las alianzas multisectoriales para el desarrollo de la ENEF
Authors: Godoy Nascimento Thiago
Published: May 2021

The National Strategy for Financial Education, created in 2010 through Federal Decree 7,397/2010 and renewed by Federal Decree 10,393, was developed as a multi-sector mobilization initiative with the goal of promoting financial education actions in Brazil. As a multi-sector strategy, a governance committee was created, including the participation of both public and private sector representatives. The participation of the private sector in the development of the ENEF occurs through an array of actions, such as the construction of proprietary education projects and participation at the National Financial Education Week, as well as support for education projects organized by civil society organizations. However, it also arose through a more direct need, along two main lines. The first initiated in 2012 with the constitution of AEF-Brasil (Association of Financial Education in Brazil, a Civil Society Organization of Public Interest – or OSCIP in the Portuguese acronym used – created to develop and scale projects involving financial education and developed according to the premises of the ENEF, namely: free access to beneficiaries and no form of product or service recommendation. The second was direct sponsorship of projects developed by AEF-Brasil. From 2012 to 2020, a series of strategies and projects were implemented by AEF-Brasil, each in partnership with and funded by major companies, international entities and investor funds. The projects are detailed in Chapter 2 of this book, highlighting the diversity of publics and the initiatives developed by AEF-Brasil.
La educación financiera, la BNCC y el currículo: contextos y desafíos de las escuelas públicas brasileñas
Authors: Camargo Godoi Alessandra , Zita Silva Tiné Sandra
Published: May 2021

Financial education has gradually been extending its reach, upported through the efforts of the Brazilian government and organized civil society, in the face of the social and economic challenges besetting the world. Like any educational process, financial education requires planning, engagement and mobilization, even considering that the results do not necessarily have a short- or medium-term effect. Considering the trajectory of financial education in Brazil, this text aims to discuss it within an educational context and describe its trajectory up to incorporation into the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), highlighting its recognition in this important and most current curricular document in Brazilian education.
La experiencia del polo de educación financiera del estado de Paraíba
Authors: F. Frascaroli Bruno
Published: May 2021

Financial education is one of the most recent themes in the scope of public policies, given its elevated capacity to generate positive external effects (LUSARDI, 2006). The challenge created with its integration into the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) in 2020 hints at this relevance. It became the apex among several areas of knowledge, by becoming part of a series of subjects included in the Primary and High School Education curriculum. The idea is that this movement leads to a reformulation of the Basic Education curriculum through the efforts of all subnational entities, aimed at preparing pedagogical projects at schools that include financial education (BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL, 2013).
La experiencia de formación de profesores en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Trindade Larissa , Corá Elsio José
Published: May 2021

The Ministry of Education (MEC) included financial education in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) as a contemporary theme that will integrate the Basic Education curriculum. Thus, based on minimum content, laid out in the BNCC, and a transversal proposal, the pilot and pedagogical projects of both public and private Brazilian schools, must include content that helps improve student abilities and competencies relative to personal finances and the use of money, whether in a personal sphere or within the family.
Educación financiera en las escuelas: la experiencia de la formación de profesores en el polo del estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Medeiros André Luiz , da Silva José Gilberto , Diniz Vassallo Moisés , Ferreira Matos Fabienne Mara , Lopes Trindade Leandro
Published: May 2021

As from 1994, with the insertion of new clients in the financial system and the early days of financial stability, the Brazilian market has undergone profound changes (SAITO; SAVOIA; PETRONI, 2006). This context allowed financial institutions to expand the offer of products and services to a public that was previously neglected. However, a major roadblock lay ahead, as, despite a high demand for available products and services, these new consumers faced difficulties in terms of financial issues. This lack of expertise was likely to lead to undesirable consequences, both for the market and the people and these consequences would prevent them from attaining their objectives (SANTOS, 2009). Financial education thus revealed itself to be a necessary instrument in preparing the population,especially future consumers of these products and services, for the challenges of the new financial context.
A Study on the Relationship of Glycaemic Status with Nature of Lesions in Acute Stroke Patients
Authors: Haobam Justin , Arunkumar Chingakham , Singh Konjengbam Ghanachandra
Published: May 2021

Background: Stroke in patients of Diabetes Mellitus is a common complication all over the world. The present study was done with the aim to assess the blood glucose level in acute stroke patients of Manipur and find out any correlation with types, size and prognosis of different glycaemic group.
Method: The study was a prospective cross-sectional study of all patients who were admitted as acute stroke in Medicine ward, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS), Imphal, Manipur. Clinical parameter including History and clinical examination findings were recorded. CT scan of brain, blood glucose level, HbA1c were taken in all the patients.
Results: Of 109 patients of acute stroke patients included in the study, 34 were known cases of Diabetes, 10 were newly detected Diabetes cases summing up to a total of 64 cases of Diabetes, 44 of the cases had stress hyperglycaemia and 21 were euglycaemic. Maximum cases consisted of ischaemic strokes (84.4%) and maximum number of haemorrhagic strokes falls under the known diabetes group.None of the euglycaemic patients had any large sized lesions, maximum of them (89.5%) had small sized lesions. Most of the stress glycaemia patients had medium sized strokes while the known diabetes and newly detected diabetes groups had no case of small sized lesion with the maximum large sized lesions occurring in the known diabetes group (78.9%). Clinical outcome was worst in poor glucose control group with 70.3% fatality in this group while maximum clinical improvement was seen in Non-Diabetics (84.6%) consisting of euglycaemia and stress hyperglycaemia groups.
Conclusion: There was a good correlation with admission day hyperglycaemia with the size of the stroke lesion in all cases of stroke. The diabetes especially poor glucose control group is associated with increased size of the stroke lesion, severity and poor clinical outcome.

Keywords: Stroke, diabetes mellitus, stress hyperglycaemia, euglycaemia.
Anaesthetic Management of a Child with Congenital Rubella Syndrome Posted for Cochlear Implant - A Case Report
Authors: Sagadevan Rohini , Kumar R Arun , Pazhanambigai K
Published: May 2021

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is a constellation of multi-system abnormalities and each problem has significant anaesthetic implications. These patients pose various challenge to anesthesiologists like unanticipated difficult airway, uncorrected cardiac lesions, etc. Anesthetic for cochlear implant in child with CRS has not been reported. Anaesthetic management in an infant with PS should be based on decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), avoidance of tachycardia with sinus rhythm, myocardial depression, systemic hypotension and adequate intra vascular volume. Here we report the anaesthetic management of a 5 year aged child with congenital rubella syndrome - post device closure of Patent ductus arteriosus, bilateral cataract surgery with moderate branch pulmonary artery stenosis and mental retardation posted for cochlear implant.

Keywords: Congenital rubella syndrome, pulmonary artery stenosis, difficult airway, cochlear implant, patent ductus arteriosus.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USING OF SILICON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF IN VITRO MATURATION OF ANIMAL OOCYTES
Authors: Kuzmina T.I. , Tatarskaya D.N. , Kravtsov V. YU
Published: May 2021

In vitro production of animal embryos is an important tool for solving male and female infertility problems in animals. Modeling of extracorporeal maturation systems of oocytes using siliconcontaining compounds in the composition of culture media revealed the peculiarities of the realization of their effects on somatic and germ cells of ovarian follicles, depending on the structure. Highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (nHDS) positive effects on the fertility of female gametes in Bos Taurus and Sus Scrofa Domesticus. The gel substrate of silica (silicon dimethylglycerolate - DMGC) does not cause an increase in the level of embryos cleavage, while it does not have cytoand genotoxicity when tested on somatic and germ cells of antral follicles.Key words: siliconcontaining compounds, in vitro maturation, animal oocytes.
THE RELEVANCE OF THE APPLICATION OF FSH FOR SUPEROVULATION OF DONOR COWS AND WAYS OF INCREASING ITS EFFICIENCY
Authors: Brigida A.V. , Skachkova O.A.
Published: May 2021

In the technology of cattle embryo transplantation, the classic protocol for superovulation of embryo donor cows is used, based on 8-10-fold administration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) every 12 hours for 4-5 days. For many decades of using this technology, the yield of high- quality embryos varies within 4-6 pcs. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of FSH to increase the number of embryos. We conducted a study of the effectiveness of a pharmacological composition consisting of FSH combined with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 6000 Da, which increases the yield of the number of embryos obtained, suitable for transplantation into recipients, or their cryopreservation
STUDI KOROSI BESI COR KELABU DILINGKUNGAN TEMPERATUR TINGGI YANG MENGANDUNG H2SO4 DAN NaCl
Authors: Mahyoedin Yovial
Published: May 2021

Besi cor kelabu merupakan bahan yang memiliki kekuatan baik, banyak digunakan pada blok silinder mesin disel dan tungku pemanas. Penggunaan bahan pada suhu tinggi dapat mengalami pengkorosian, karena pada suhu tinggi kinetika reaksi kimia akan meningkat sehingga akan mempercepat laju korosi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji laju korosi besi cor kelabu dalam lingkungan dengan suhu tinggi yang mengandung unsur H2SO4 dan NaCl. Pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi waktu dari 5 hingga 8 jam dan pada suhu 700oC. Bahan uji dipanaskan sebelumnya selama 30 menit dengan suhu 200oC. Pada suhu ini benda uji dilapisi larutan NaCl dan H2SO4 dengan perbandingan 50:50 yang nantinya akan dilarutkan dengan 400ml air. Setelah pelapisan, pengujian dengan suhu tinggi dilakukan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa bahan kehilangan berat sebesar 0,0085 mm/year dalam waktu 5 jam. Pada waktu 6 jam diperoleh kehilangan berat sebesar 0,0048 mm/year, untuk waktu 7 jam diperoleh kehilangan berat sebesar 0,0189 mm/year dan untuk waktu 8 jam diperoleh kehilangan berat yang sangat signifikan yaitu sebesar 0,0257 mm/year. Keberadaan deposit NaCl dan H2SO4 pada lapisan besi cor kelabu sangat signifikan dalam mempengaruhi laju oksidasi.Kata kunci: besi cor kelabu, korosi, suhu tinggi, NaCl dan H2SO4
KINERJA PIPA KALOR DENGAN STRUKTUR SUMBU FIBER CARBON dan STAINLESS STEEL MESH 100 dengan FLUIDA KERJA AIR
Authors: Sugita I Wayan
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja pipa kalor dengan struktur sumbu fiber carbon yang akan dibandingkan terhadap pipa kalor dengan struktur sumbu stainless steel mesh 100. Dilakukan perhitungan kinerja pipa kalor pada berbagai variasi sudut pengoperasian (0o-90o), dengan menghitung laju perpindahan panas dan koefisien perpindahan panas konduksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Pipa kalor yang menggunakan struktur sumbu fiber carbon dan struktur sumbu stainless steel mesh 100 dibuat dari bahan pipa tembaga dengan diameter luar 9.525 mm, tebal 0.8 mm, panjang 300 mm. Didalam pipa kalor dimasukkan struktur sumbu fiber carbon dan stainless steel mesh 100. Fluida kerja yang digunakan adalah air karena air mudah didapat serta memenuhi syarat utama sebagai fluida kerja, yaitu tidak bereaksi dengan material pipa maupun struktur sumbu (wick), mampu beroperasi pada temperatur 30o - 200oC, sifat termalnya stabil dan panas laten yang tinggi. Pengujian pipa kalor dengan memberikan beban panas pada evaporator sebesar 14 W dan mendinginkannya pada bagian kondensor dengan pendinginan dilakukan secara konveksi paksa menggunakan air pada debit yang konstan.Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa laju perpindahan panas dan koefisien perpindahan panas konduksi pipa kalor dengan struktur sumbu fiber carbon dalam berbagai variasi sudut selalu lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pipa kalor struktur sumbu stainless steel mesh 100. Laju perpindahan panas tertinggi terjadi pada pipa kalor struktur sumbu fiber carbon dengan sudut 90o sebesar 13.8 W. Koefisien perpindahan panas konduksi pipa kalor struktur sumbu fiber carbon lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pipa kalor struktur sumbu stainless steel mesh 100 dengan nilai terbesar 16299.96 yang terjadi pada sudut 90o.Kata Kunci : Pipa Kalor, Struktur Sumbu, Fluida Kerja
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN POMPA SIRKULASI WWTP LIMBAH PADA AREA PAINTING STEEL DI PT CAKRA INDOPAINT CEMERLANG
Authors: Sufyan Ahmad , Sumardiyanto Didit
Published: May 2021

Tujuan dalam analisa perhitungan pompa sirkulasi wwtp ini untuk mengetahui dan menentukan spesifikasi pompa yang dibutuhkan pompa seberapa besar daya pompa yang dipakai untuk mensirkulasikan air di area painting steel dengan  menghitung spesifikasi pompa yang dipakai, kemudian membandingkan dengan perhitungan teoritis. Dari hasil perhitungan data yang didapat secara teoritis sebagai berikut : Head teoritis adalah sebesar 12,017 m sedangkan yang ada dilapangan sebesar 25 m yang dihitung dengan kapasitas yang sama 0,25 m/min, dan daya motor penggerak teoritis 1,87 kW sedangkan yang terpasang dilapangan 12 kW. Kata kunci: Head pompa, Daya air (Pw).
RANCANG BANGUN ULANG ALAT PENUKAR KALOR TYPE PIPA GANDA DI LABOLATURIUM UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945 JAKARTA
Authors: Riyanto Teguh , Saidah Andi
Published: May 2021

Ruang laboratorium Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta adalah sebuah sarana atau tempat yang  didirikan oleh Fakultas untuk keperluan kegiatan praktikum seluruh mahasiwa  jurusan Fakultas Teknik  seperti teknik sipil, teknik elektro, dan termasuk Teknik Mesin. Disana terdapat beberapa alat yang telah rusak salah satunya Alat Penukar kalor Type Pipa Ganda. Agar alat tersebut dapat berfungsi kembali maka diperlukan perbaikan dan rancang bangun ulang. Metode perbaikan perancangan alat tersebut adalah mengganti alat penukar kalor type pipa ganda, penambahan   pompa untuk fluida air dingin dan penambahan tangki air dingin. Setelah melakukan perhitungan pada perancangan didapatkan hasil, volume Shell : 86,5 liter, volume tube : 0,99 liter. Daya listrik pompa 286 Watt, volume tangka air dingin 128 liter dan volume tangka air panas 150 liter. Katakunci :Lab UTA 45Jakarta , alat penukarkalor, pompadan tangki
PERENCANAAN SISTEM PENYEGARAN UDARA UNTUK RUANG KELAS FAKULTAS TEKNIK UTA’45 JAKARTA
Authors: Cappenberg Audri Deacy
Published: May 2021

The comfort of classroom have a big impact to the studying activity or other activity inside the classroom, that is why   an air conditioning system should be planned while taking a lot of factors such as from inside and outside thr room into account, based on the calculation that has been done, it was found that the ventilated air that’s needed in the classroom is 4,1295 L/S, sensibel ventilation heat load for 25 persons of 2035 W, heat load generated for the north wall 80,64 W, east of 145,15 and west of 112,857 W. indoor heat load of 2649,87 W and outdoor heat load of1957,529 W. so the total capacity of the air conditioning  is 4607 W
Pengujian Getaran Dengan Eksitasi Kejut Dan Random Pada Komponen Struktur Dengan Profil Pelat Aluminium
Authors: Arman Rizky , Mahyoedin Yovial , Marthiana Wenny , Duskiardi Duskiardi
Published: May 2021

Experimental vibration analysis to determine the dynamic behavior of the vibration system is observed from the response of the system to the stimulus acting on it. In this case the relationship between the stimulus at a certain location and direction is specifically related to the response at a certain location and direction. The relationship between stimulus and response is called the Frequency Response Function (FRF) or better known as the transfer function. In measuring the transfer function, the stimulus to the structure is given in the form of excitation force while the vibration response measurement depends on the type of sensor (transducer) used. Departing from the above problems, vibration testing is carried out on a structural model. This test uses an Aluminum beam as a specimen by using an excitation signal from the exciter and impact hammer. The response signal comes from the accelerometer, while the excitation force signal comes from two different type transducers.
Pengantar Fisiologi Veteriner
Authors:   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Azhar Azhar , Lubis Triva Murtina ,   Universitas Syiah Kuala, Adam Mulyadi ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Gholib Gholib ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ajar dengan judul Pengantar Fisiologi Veteriner merupakan bahan ajar yang digunakan sebagai pengayaan bahan perkuliahan untuk mata kuliah Fisiologi Veteriner pada Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Buku ajar ini terdiri dari enam sistema fisiologi yaitu fisiologi sel, sistem pencernaan, sistem pernapasan, sistem otot dan sistem ekskresi, sistem endokrin dan sistem syaraf pada makhluk hidup khususnya hewan veterbrata.
Dasar-Dasar Sains Genetika
Authors:   Dosen FKIP Universitas Syiah Kuala, Thomy Zairin
Published: May 2021

Buku ini membahas mulai dasar-dasar genetika klasik Mendel, Alel ganda dan interaksi gen, sifat kuantitatif dan pautan gen, penentuan jenis kelamin, hinggga genetika modern (molekul) tentang materi genetik dan replikasi DNA ekspresi gen dan pengendaliannya, sistem kromosom eukariot dan prokariot,mutasi, kloning DNA dan analisisnya sebagai dasar teknologi DNA dalam bioteknologi yang populer saat ini.Pada buku ini diberikan contoh-contoh kasus pada tumbuhan,hewan, mikroba dan manusia dengan harapan sebagai wawasan tidak hanya dipergunakan oleh mahasiswa biologi saja, tetapi juga oleh mahasiswa disiplin bidang ilmu lainnya yang mempelajari Genetika.Pada buku ini ada beberapa topik yang dibahas secara molekul seperti kloning DNA dan analisisnya yang dapat menjadi wacana sebagai dasar teknologi DNA yang populer pada abad bioteknologi sekarang ini.
Emotional Intelligence as Related to Gender, Stream and Social Intelligence
Authors: Ghaonta Ishita , Kumar Pawan
Published: May 2021

This study aims to assess the social intelligence of prospective teachers in relation to gender, stream, and emotional intelligence. Initial sample of the study consisted of 400 prospective teachers on which Rogan Emotional Intelligence Test (REIT) developed and standardized by Zainuddin (2005) and Social Intelligence Scale developed and standardized by Chadha and Ganeshan (2009) were administered. The sampled teachers were categorized into two extreme groups on the basis of emotional intelligence scores. Finally, the sample consisted of 136 prospective teachers i.e. 68 of each gender as well as 68 of each stream of teacher education. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for data analysis. Significant differences were found in their social intelligence on the basis of their emotional intelligence. However, no significant differences were observed in the social intelligence of prospective teachers on the basis of their gender and stream.
Life Skills among School Going Adolescents in Relation to Certain Personal Variables
Authors: Kaur Mandeep
Published: May 2021

The present study aims to assess the life skills among school going adolescents in relation to gender, locale, parental education and parental occupation. The sample consisted of 200 school going adolescents studying in government and private schools of Patiala, Fatehgarh Sahib and Mansa districts of Punjab. Life skills scale (Sharma, 2003) and the background information sheets prepared by the investigator herself were used to collect the data. The findings revealed that female and rural school going adolescents possess more life skills than their counterparts. School going adolescents whose fathers and mothers are less educated possess significantly more life skills than their counterparts. School going adolescents who have business as parental occupation possess more life skills than their counterparts. Results of the study further revealed that school going adolescents whose mothers are non-working possess significantly more life skills than those with working mothers.
Counselling Services Needed By Secondary School Students in Mount Elgon District, Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Shaban Kwalia  , Joseph Amulioto Opanda
Published: May 2021

The youth are facing many social, economic and educational problems. These problems are turning the youth into delinquents and misfits in society. This study is aimed at identifying the counselling services needed by secondary school students in Mt. Elgon District. The researchers employed closed ended questionnaire to collect data. The sample population was 58 teachers and 180 students proportionately drawn from six public secondary schools categorized as boy schools, girl schools and mixed schools. The study revealed that students needed the following counselling services: academic counselling, social, peer and spiritual counselling. However, it was noted that the students are at a variance with the teachers regarding the most important counselling service to be offered in secondary schools.
Creative Thoughts Are the Means to Bring About Innovations In Education
Authors: Roopashree B.J
Published: May 2021

Since the end of the 1990s, creativity has become a growing area of interest once more within the educational community and the society at large. Creativity is identified as a major aim of education throughout the world. Creativity and innovation are becoming increasingly important for the development of the 21st century knowledge society. They contribute to economic prosperity as well as to social and individual well-being and are essential factors for a more competitive and dynamic country. Education is seen as central in fostering creative and innovative skills. Creativity and innovation can play an important role in the knowledge society. Creativity is conceptualised as a skill for all. It is an ability that everyone can develop and it can therefore be fostered or, likewise, inhibited. Educational actors have the power to unlock the creative and innovative potential of the young. This article provides the theoretical grounding for creativity and innovation to thrive in a school environment, proposing a series of central factors, which can support the shift towards a more creative and innovative education.
Impact of Participatory Learning Technique on the Content Enrichment Of B.Ed . Trainees
Authors: Kaneez Fatima  , Shaikh Tahemina Naaz
Published: May 2021

The present study is an effort to study the impact ofparticipatory learning technique on the achievement level and content enrichment in Geography subject among B.Ed. trainees. The objectives were to find out a significant difference in the achievement of the mean score of B.Ed. trainees in the content test of experimental and control group and male and female trainees. The study was experimental in nature and a “two group post test design " was adopted for the study. The sample was selected through purposive sampling technique. Out of 130 B.Ed. trainees admitted in Geography subject course 70 trainees were assigned to experimental treatment. The experimental group was exposed to treatment to understand and enrich the content whereas the control group was taught through the traditional method. According to the result of this study, it was suggested that participatory learning technique proved more effective in improving the content knowledge and achievement level of B.Ed. trainees.
Resección de adenoma velloso gigante causante del síndrome de Mckittrick-Wheelock
Authors: Leites Marcos , Canavesi Adrián , Valencia Diana , Dorelo Rodrigo , Trostchansky Iván , Otero Marta , Canessa César
Published: May 2021

Large colorectal villous adenomas are unusual. They can cause a rectal bleeding, a chronic diarrhea and less frequently a rectal obstruction and a prolapse. In addition, they can secrete a mucinous material rich in electrolytes, causing hydroelectrolyte disturbances, dehydration and acute kidney injury. In most cases, the management of these adenomas due to their size has been surgical, but endoscopic treatment has been reported with promising results, reducing the morbidity. We report and discuss the case of a 73-year-old man, who presented with syncope, with chronic diarrhea and a hydroelectrolytic alteration. Colonoscopy revealed a granular lateral spreading tumor of the rectum, and pathology confirmed a villous adenoma with a low-grade dysplasia. An initial symptomatic management of diarrhea and electrolyte disorders was performed with a subsequent surgical treatment using pull through technique with coloanal anastomosis.
Developing an Efficient and Effective Social Security Adjudication Framework in South Africa
Authors: Nyenti Mathias
Published: May 2021

South Africa is currently developing an overarching policy framework for effi-cient and effective resolution of social security disputes as part of reforms towards the establishment of a comprehensive social security system. In the development of the policy, international and regional guidelines and standards on access to justice were instrumental as they are benchmarks on the scope and content of the right of access to courts for social security claimants and the State’s obligations in this regard. This article outlines some international guidelines and standards relevant to the realisation of access to justice for social security claimants; and their role in recent reform initiatives that have been undertaken to promote access to justice in the South African social security system.
Regional Mechanisms and Intra-State Conflicts: Implementing the African Union’s Principle of Non-Indifference?
Authors: Akech Migai
Published: May 2021

The member states of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) established the African Union (AU) in 2001, following recognition that Africa needed a more effective institution that could maintain peace and security. In particular,the 1994 genocide in Rwanda demonstrated to the continent that it needed to enhance its ability to act before conflicts became unmanageable and destructive.The AU consequently established an institutional framework for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflicts. This institutional framework consistsof two parallel frameworks, namely the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA).
Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates
Authors: Colomb Claire , Moreira de Souza Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
MRI-Evaluation of Suprascapular Notch Morphometry and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Farhan Thaer M. , Kamoona Huda Rashid
Published: May 2021

The suprascapular notch, a depression on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula, medial to the coracoid process, is covered by the superior transverse scapular ligament, which is converted into a foramen. Sometimes it might be ossified forming a complete osseous foramen. The Suprascapular Notch (SN) served as a passage for the Suprascapular Nerve (SSN). Study the morphology of the suprascapular notch and the suprascapular transverse ligament based on MRI, variations in shape and dimensions of the suprascapular notch. A group of 100 patients underwent MRI examination of the scapular region through the period from 10th July 2019 to 15th Feb 2020. Different morphological types of the suprascapular notch were encountered in the study, the most common type was type III, while type I was less common in the study. The symmetry of the morphological feature of SN bilaterally was seen in 51% of the cases. Conclusively, the symmetry of the suprascapular notch is not a constant feature bilaterally.
Realidad socioeconómica de los jóvenes migrantes del municipio de San Miguel
Authors: Castro Cruz Pedro Adalberto , Vaquerano Benavides José Rigoberto
Published: May 2021

La migración irregular ha sido un fenómeno sociohistórico persistente en los últimos cuarenta años en El Salvador, motivado fundamentalmente por las difíciles condiciones económicas y la falta de oportunidades laborales. En el país, se generan escenarios de exclusión social que impulsan la emigración de muchos ciudadanos que se marchan con la esperanza de obtener prosperidad económica y un entorno sociocultural estable en otros territorios. Siendo un fenómeno de gran trascendencia, la migración irregular debe ser abordada desde una perspectiva multicausal y científica, enfocando sus matices económicos, políticos y socioculturales, en los que se ve involucrada mayoritariamente la población joven. La aproximación a dicho fenómeno permite redefinir acciones de gobiernos e instituciones de la sociedad en favor de la integridad, la dignidad y el respeto a los derechos humanos de las personas migrantes y retornadas, lo que permite implementar estrategias interinstitucionales en materia socioeducativa y laboral que incidan en la prevención de la migración. Partiendo de estas  consideraciones, se investigó la realidad de jóvenes estudiantes del municipio de San Miguel residentes en zonas urbanas y rurales, para conocer sus expectativas y opiniones respecto a la posibilidad de migrar debido a las condiciones socioeconómicas y al contexto de inseguridad en que viven; asimismo, se estudiaron las experiencias de jóvenes que vivieron de cerca el fenómeno de la migración irregular y volvieron al país en calidad de retornados. Por otra parte, se indagó en el trabajo de asistencia de diversas instituciones que se vinculan medularmente con migrantes y retornados, mediante iniciativas y proyectos para su reinserción socioeconómica.
Prototipo de muro ecológico no estructural elaborado con productos plásticos tereftalato de polietileno (PET)
Authors: Hernández Durán Hernán José
Published: May 2021

La presente investigación contempla un análisis de dos problemáticas que posee El Salvador: el déficit de vivienda de la población de escasos recursos y la sobreproducción de botellas de plástico de tereftalato de polietileno. La investigación busca relación estas dos problemáticas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, los cuales son una iniciativa impulsada por Naciones Unidas para dar continuidad a la agenda de desarrollo tras los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, y los dos objetivos relacionados son colaborar con el país e la creación de ciudades y comunidades sostenibles construyendo un prototipo de muro ecológico. Esta investigación busca, además, contribuir a la construcción de futuras viviendas de tipo social, reutilizando las botellas de PET como principal materia prima el cual es un plástico elaborado con tereftalato de polietileno que es utilizado en envases de bebidas y textiles, capacitando a los pobladores de las diferentes zonas del país a través de instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, convirtiéndolos en comunidades constructoras capaces de planificar, gestionar y elaborar lo necesario para ser ejes de desarrollo local. Además, se busca la disminución de estos plásticos en los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos, pues muchas de las botellas de PET, al no recibir un tratamiento de reciclaje, son enterradas, quemadas y muchas veces llegan a quebradas, ríos y finalizan en el océano, afectando la vida de diferentes especies.
Fortalecimiento del vínculo universidad - empresa para generar oportunidades laborales en la zona oriental
Authors: Vaquerano Benavides José Rigoberto
Published: May 2021

La vinculación entre universidades y empresas, tradicionalmente ha sido débil. Del mismo modo, ha sido escasa o nula la intermediación del Estado para coadyuvar a fortalecer dicho vínculo. Consecuentemente, cada sector ha venido realizando su labor como la considera conveniente. Las instituciones mencionadas, al ejercer su compromiso con la sociedad de forma individual y aislada, pierden grandes oportunidades de realizar un trabajo conjunto, enriquecedor y sinérgico que podría contribuir a ofrecer mejores resultados al país. Históricamente han persistido esfuerzos disociados entre el sector empresarial y las instituciones de educación superior, lo que ha generado insatisfacción en las expectativas de los empleadores, señalando vacíos en la formación académica y el desempeño real de los nuevos profesionales. Hasta ahora la comunicación e interacción mutua ha sido débil y atomizada, careciendo de visión respecto a los beneficios que se pueden obtener si se trabajara asociativamente, bajo el arbitraje estatal, como verdaderos aliados estratégicos. Por tanto, se estableció como propósito de esta investigación abordar los mecanismos que fortalezcan el vínculo universidad–empresa para generar oportunidades laborales en la Zona Oriental de El Salvador, perfilando las competencias del estudiante universitario, indagando en los requerimientos laborales establecidos por las empresas y contrastando la visión empresarial y educativa en el cumplimiento del compromiso con el desarrollo socioeconómico del país. La información fue proporcionada por estudiantes universitarios, empresas y funcionarios académicos de las universidades establecidas en la Zona Oriental del país. La investigación está sustentada teóricamente en los más recientes modelos de vinculación tripartita universidad, empresa, Estado.
Modelo de competitividad de MYPES agroindustriales y artesanías de exportación, para el establecimiento y desarrollo de estrategias de encadenamientos productivos, en la zona oriental de El Salvador.
Authors: Rivera Quintanilla Jaime Ernesto
Published: May 2021

El modelo de competitividad de Micro y Pequeñas empresas agroindustriales y artesanías de exportación, es el objeto de estudio de este trabajo, para el establecimiento y desarrollo de estrategias de encadenamientos productivos, con amplia participación de los actores del ecosistema de la zona Oriental de El Salvador. El modelo considera clave establecer mecanismos e instrumentos, que contribuyan para el fortalecimiento de estrategias de encadenamiento productivo dentro del sector agrícola y artesanías, con potencialidad de desarrollar innovaciones agroindustriales y procesos de exportación dentro del sectorartesanías. En el análisis se evaluaron las capacidades que los sectores deben poseer para proveer recursos para la incorporación de valores agregados a los productos primarios que sean generados, así como empleos competitivos, lograr ventajas a través de la innovación, transferencia de conocimiento y desarrollo de competencias de las principales cadenas agrícolas y de artesanías de la zona oriental del país. La evaluación de las características actuales de competitividad sobre dichos sectores identifica los accesos, capacidades y conocimientos que fortalezcan las cadenas de valor y sus fuentes de financiamiento, desarrollo tecnológico, formación de recurso humano especializado, sobre lo cual se fundamentó el mapeo de fuentes financieras potenciales para la innovación agropecuaria y el fomento y desarrollo de cadenas productivas de mayor valor agregado.
Factores influyentes en el acceso al empleo de los jóvenes del departamento de San Miguel
Authors: Vaquerano Benavides José Rigoberto
Published: May 2021

La incorporación de los jóvenes salvadoreños al engranaje productivo del país encara diversos inconvenientes, no obstante, existen programas estatales y legislación que respalda a este sector, estimulando a las empresas que muestran apertura laboral hacia los mismos. Este segmento poblacional afronta condiciones de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica como pobreza, desempleo, migración forzada y violencia que se han agravado a través de los años, sin embargo, se hacen esfuerzos desde distintos actores para ampliar sus oportunidades y mejorar su calidad de vida. Instituciones estatales como el Ministerio de Trabajo y Previsión Social, Instituto Nacional de la Juventud (INJUVE) y otros enfocan actualmente sus esfuerzos a brindar a los jóvenes asistencia, orientación laboral y capacitación, así como coadyuvar a que exista enlace entre oferta y demanda de empleo para beneficio de este sector de la nación (Instituto Nacional de la Juventud, INJUVE, El Salvador, 2014). A partir de esta realidad se estableció como objetivo principal de investigación, analizar los factores influyentes en el acceso al empleo de jóvenes del departamento de San Miguel. De manera específica, identificar las condiciones socioeconómicas de este segmento poblacional, constatar si quienes laboran satisfacen las expectativas del sector empresarial y verificar si las políticas estatales de integración sociolaboral contribuyen realmente al aprovechamiento de oportunidades de empleo juvenil. El enfoque metodológico utilizado es descriptivo y analítico, la información fue recolectada por medio de muestreo dirigido a jóvenes en edades de 16 a 29 años, empleadores y formadores académicos y técnicos de los mismos.
Vitamin D supplementation for primary dysmenorrhea: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Rahnemaei Fatemeh Alsadat , Gholamrezaei Ali , Afrakhteh Maryam , Zayeri Farid , Vafa Mohammad Reza , Rashidi Arian , Ozgoli Giti
Published: May 2021

Objective Recent studies have shown a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on pain and systemic symptoms in patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on female students aged 18 to 32 years with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency (25 [OH]D <30 ng/mL). The participants (n=116) received either 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or placebo capsules on a weekly basis for eight consecutive weeks. The outcomes were pain intensity (scored 0 to 10), number of days with pain, number of consumed pain-relief medications (per day), and severity of systemic symptoms (fatigue, headache, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea; total score of 0 to 12).Results Compared with baseline, our participants who received vitamin D experienced significant reductions in pain intensity (-1.0 and -1.5 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of days with pain (-1.0 day at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), the number of consumed pain-relief medications (-1.0 at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001), and systemic symptoms severity (-1.0 score at weeks 4 and 8, P<0.001). No significant improvements were observed in the placebo group in terms of these outcomes.Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation in women with primary dysmenorrhea and vitamin D deficiency could improve systemic symptoms and reduce pain intensity, the number of days with pain, and the need for consuming pain-relief medications.
Modelling the Acceptance and Use of Electronic Medical Records from Patients’ Point of View: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bamufleh Dalal
Published: May 2021

Background: The employment of IT in healthcare reflects a need to meet the increasing demands of patients and to upgrade the quality and productivity of the provided services. However, the literature demonstrates many failures in systems and IT technology implementation. One of the reasons behind these failures is users’ resistance. The ministry of health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia (SA) has prioritized the embracing of new technologies that could improve the healthcare services, such as electronic medical record (EMR) systems. On the other hand, studies that address the acceptance and use of hospital information systems (HIS) and EMRs in SA from patients’ standpoint are scarce. The aim of this study was to explore patients’ acceptance of an EMR system by proposing a model adapted from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).

Methods: An online questionnaire was used where questions were based on the proposed model constructs (facilitating conditions (FC), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), attitude (ATT), and behavioral intention (BI)). 116 patients responded to the questionnaire. The model was then tested to identify the factors that affect patients’ intention to use the online services of the EMR.

Results: The analysis of the research model suggested that (1) FCs influenced the degree of system’s PEOU. (2) PEOU affected the EMR’s PU. (3) PU affected patients’ ATT toward using the EMR. (4) A positive effect is found between ATT and BI to use EMR.

Conclusion: The study has implications for healthcare IT acceptance research and efforts in SA, as to date patients’ perspectives have received little attention. The research also makes a theoretical contribution as it validated the proposed model.
CERTAIN CLASSES OF ANALYTIC AND MULTIVALENT FUNCTIONS
Authors: ROSSEN H. M. , SRIVASTAVA H. M. , AOUF M. K.
Published: May 2021

The main object of the present paper is to investigate the special classes

\[\mathcal P_\alpha^*(p, A, B) \text { and } \mathcal R_\alpha^*(p, A, B) \]

\[(0\le \alpha<p; -a\le B<A\le 1; p\in\mathbb{N})\]

of analytic and $p$-valent functions in the open unit disk $U$. In particular, various growth and distortion theorems, and several coefficient estimates, are obtained for these as well as related classes of analytic and $p$-valent functions in $\mathcal U$.
Estruturação dos processos de gestão de portfólio de projetos: uma proposta no centro de estudos avançados em segurança de barragens
Authors: Belini Alexandra Da Silva , Dechechi Eduardo Cesar
Published: May 2021

O gerenciamento de portfólio tem se mostrado cada vez mais necessário nas organizações que utilizam projetos para alcançar suas estratégias e está se tornando uma questão básica de sobrevivência. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna na literatura no que se refere a aplicação das técnicas nas empresas. Este estudo direcionou esforços para elaborar uma proposta de estruturação dos processos de gestão de portfólio de projetos para o Centro de Estudos Avançados em Segurança de Barragens (Ceasb), devido a necessidade de se buscar, a partir da construção e aprimoramento das etapas, a maximização da imparcialidade e a melhora dos processos de maneira a alinhar aos objetivos estratégicos da organização.  Para relatar a elaboração utilizou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o método de pesquisa-ação. O resultado desta proposta subsidiou o Ceasb na melhora de seus processos, métodos e ferramentas de gerenciamento de portfólio. Além disso, vem contribuir com a construção do conhecimento técnico-científico em gestão de portfólio de projetos por meio de uma aplicação prática.
Development of Hybrid Automatic Segmentation Technique of a Single Leaf from Overlapping Leaves Image
Authors: Bala Jibrin , Salau Habeeb Bello , Umoh Ime Jarlath , Onumanyi Adeiza James , Tijani Salawudeen Ahmed , Yahaya Basira
Published: May 2021

The segmentation of a single leaf from an image with overlapping leaves is an important step towards the realization of effective precision agricultural systems. A popular approach used for this segmentation task is the hybridization of the Chan-Vese model and the Sobel operator CV-SO. This hybridized approach is popular because of its simplicity and effectiveness in segmenting a single leaf of interest from a complex background of overlapping leaves. However, the manual threshold and parameter tuning procedure of the CV-SO algorithm often degrades its detection performance. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing a dynamic iterative model to determine the optimal parameters for the CV-SO algorithm, which we dubbed the Dynamic CV-SO (DCV-SO) algorithm. This is a new hybrid automatic segmentation technique that attempts to improve the detection performance of the original hybrid CV-SO algorithm by reducing its mean error rate. The results obtained via simulation indicate that the proposed method yielded a 1.23% reduction in the mean error rate against the original CV-SO method.