bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levels of three hemostatic factors in relation to serum lipids. Monocyte procoagulant activity, tissue plasminogen activator, and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Authors: Crutchley D J , McPhee G V , Terris M F , Canossa-Terris M A
Published: September 2018

To explore the relationship between blood lipid levels and a predisposition to thrombosis, levels of three hemostatic factors were measured in 41 human subjects and correlated with serum lipids. Procoagulant activity associated with peripheral blood monocytes isolated and purified after a 2-hour incubation in whole blood was not significantly related to lipid levels. However, activity in monocytes incubated with 100 ng/ml of bacterial endotoxin was significantly correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = 0.55, p less than 0.005), while net procoagulant activity (endotoxin-challenged minus basal) was significantly correlated with both HDL cholesterol (r = 0.61, p less than 0.005) and total cholesterol (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01). Plasma levels of the fibrinolytic factor, tissue plasminogen activator, were significantly correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.41, p less than 0.01), while those of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor were significantly correlated with both total cholesterol (r = 0.46, p less than 0.01) and total triglycerides (r = 0.31, p less than 0.05). The balance between the fibrinolytic factors was not significantly related to serum lipids. These results suggest that the expression of procoagulant activity by peripheral blood monocytes exposed to endotoxin may be enhanced in cases where HDL cholesterol levels are high. In addition, these results suggest that hypertriglyceridemia may be associated with a decreased fibrinolytic capacity due to elevated secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Sacco Ralph L. , Adams Robert , Albers Greg , Alberts Mark J. , Benavente Oscar , Furie Karen , Goldstein Larry B. , Gorelick Philip , Halperin Jonathan , Harbaugh Robert , Johnston S. Claiborne , Katzan Irene , Kelly-Hayes Margaret , Kenton Edgar J. , Marks Michael , Schwamm Lee H. , Tomsick Thomas
Published: September 2018

The aim of this new statement is to provide comprehensive and timely evidence-based recommendations on the prevention of ischemic stroke among survivors of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Evidence-based recommendations are included for the control of risk factors, interventional approaches for atherosclerotic disease, antithrombotic treatments for cardioembolism, and the use of antiplatelet agents for noncardioembolic stroke. Further recommendations are provided for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a variety of other specific circumstances, including arterial dissections; patent foramen ovale; hyperhomocysteinemia; hypercoagulable states; sickle cell disease; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; stroke among women, particularly with regard to pregnancy and the use of postmenopausal hormones; the use of anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage; and special approaches for the implementation of guidelines and their use in high-risk populations.
Intake of Vitamin K Antagonists and Worsening of Cardiac and Vascular Disease: Results From the Population‐Based Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Eggebrecht Lisa , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Schulz Andreas , Arnold Natalie , Jünger Claus , Göbel Sebastian , Laubert‐Reh Dagmar , Binder Harald , Beutel Manfred E. , Pfeiffer Nobert , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Spronk Henri M. , ten Cate Hugo , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S.
Published: September 2018

Background

Preclinical data have indicated a link between use of vitamin K antagonists (
VKA
) and detrimental effects on vascular structure and function. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between
VKA
intake and different phenotypes of subclinical cardiovascular disease in the population.

Methods and Results

Clinical and laboratory data, as well as medical–technical examinations were assessed from 15 010 individuals aged 35 to 74 years during a highly standardized 5‐hour visit at the study center of the population‐based Gutenberg Health Study. In total, the study sample comprised 287
VKA
users and 14 564
VKA
nonusers. Multivariable analysis revealed an independent association between
VKA
intake and stiffness index (β=+2.54 m/s; [0.41/4.66];
P
=0.019), ankle‐brachial index (β=−0.03; [−0.04/−0.01];
P
<0.0001), intima‐media thickness (β=+0.03 mm [0.01/0.05];
P
=0.0098), left ventricular ejection fraction (β=−4.02% [−4.70/−3.33];
P
<0.0001), E/E′ (β=+0.04 [0.01/0.08];
P
=0.014) left ventricular mass (β=+5.34 g/m
2.7
[4.26/6.44];
P
<0.0001), and humoral markers of cardiac function and inflammation (midregional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide: β=+0.58 pmol/L [0.50/0.65];
P
<0.0001; midregional pro‐adrenomedullin: β=+0.18 nmol/L [0.14/0.22];
P
<0.0001; N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide: β=+1.90 pg/mL [1.63/2.17];
P
<0.0001; fibrinogen: β=+143 mg/dL [132/153];
P
<0.0001; C‐reactive protein: β=+0.31 mg/L [0.20/0.43];
P
<0.0001). Sensitivity analysis in the subsample of participants with atrial fibrillation stratified by intake of
VKA
demonstrated consistent and robust results. Genetic variants in

CYP
2C9

,

CYP
4F2

, and

VKORC
1

were modulating effects of
VKA
on subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate negative effects of
VKA
on vascular and cardiac phenotypes of subclinical cardiovascular disease, indicating a possible influence on long‐term disease development. These findings may be clinically relevant for the provision of individually tailored antithrombotic therapy.
Association of Bystander and First‐Responder Efforts and Outcomes According to Sex: Results From the North Carolina HeartRescue Statewide Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Malta Hansen Carolina , Kragholm Kristian , Dupre Matthew E. , Pearson David A. , Tyson Clark , Monk Lisa , Rea Thomas D. , Starks Monique A. , Nelson Darrell , Jollis James G. , McNally Bryan , Corbett Claire M. , Granger Christopher B.
Published: September 2018

Background

The Institute of Medicine has called for actions to understand and target sex‐related differences in care and outcomes for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients. We assessed changes in bystander and first‐responder interventions and outcomes for males versus females after statewide efforts to improve cardiac arrest care.

Methods and Results

We identified out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests from North Carolina (2010–2014) through the CARES (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) registry. Outcomes for men versus women were examined through multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for (1) nonmodifiable factors (age, witnessed status, and initial heart rhythm) and (2) nonmodifiable plus modifiable factors (bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation before emergency medical services), including interactions between sex and time (ie, year and year
2
). Of 8100 patients, 38.1% were women. From 2010 to 2014, there was an increase in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (men, 40.5%–50.6%; women, 35.3%–51.8%;
P
for each <0.0001) and in the combination of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first‐responder defibrillation (men, 15.8%–23.0%,
P
=0.007; women, 8.5%–23.7%,
P
=0.004). From 2010 to 2014, the unadjusted predicted probability of favorable neurologic outcome was higher and increased more for men (men, from 6.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.1–8.0] to 9.7% [95%
CI,
8.1–11.3]; women, from 6.3% [95%
CI,
4.4–8.3] to 7.4% [95%
CI,
5.5–9.3%]); while adjusted for nonmodifiable factors, it was slightly higher but with a nonsignificant increase for women (from 9.2% [95%
CI,
6.8–11.8] to 10.2% [95%
CI,
8.0–12.5]; men, from 5.8% [95%
CI,
4.6–7.0] to 8.4% [95%
CI,
7.1–9.7]). Adding bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation before
EMS
(modifiable factors) did not substantially change the results.

Conclusions

Bystander and first‐responder interventions increased for men and women, but outcomes improved significantly only for men. Additional strategies may be necessary to improve survival among female cardiac arrest patients.
SUPPORT‐AF: Piloting a Multi‐Faceted, Electronic Medical Record‐Based Intervention to Improve Prescription of Anticoagulation
Authors: Kapoor Alok , Amroze Azraa , Golden Jessica , Crawford Sybil , O'Day Kevin , Elhag Rasha , Nagy Ahmed , Lubitz Steve A. , Saczynski Jane S. , Mathew Jomol , McManus David D.
Published: September 2018

Background

Only 50% of eligible atrial fibrillation (
AF
) patients receive anticoagulation (
AC
). Feasibility and effectiveness of electronic medical record (EMR)–based interventions to profile and raise provider
AC
percentage is poorly understood. The SUPPORT‐AF (Supporting Use of AC Through Provider Profiling of Oral AC Therapy for AF) study aims to improve rates of adherence to AC guidelines by developing and delivering supportive tools based on the EMR to providers treating patients with AF.

Methods and Results

We emailed cardiologists and community‐based primary care providers affiliated with our institution reports of their
AC
percentage relative to peers. We also sent an electronic medical record–based message to these providers the day before an appointment with an atrial fibrillation patient who was eligible but not receiving
AC
. The electronic medical record message asked the provider to discuss
AC
with the patient if he or she deemed it appropriate. To assess feasibility, we tracked provider review of our correspondence. We also tracked the change in
AC
for intervention providers relative to alternate primary care providers not receiving our intervention. We identified 3786, 1054, and 566 patients cared for by 49 cardiology providers, 90 community‐based primary care providers, and 88 control providers, respectively. At baseline, the percentage of
AC
was 71.3%, 63.5%, and 58.3% for these 3 respective groups. Intervention providers reviewed our e‐mails and electronic medical record messages 45% and 96% of the time, respectively. For providers responding, patient refusal was the most common reason for patients not being on
AC
(21%) followed by high bleeding risk (19%). At follow‐up 10 weeks later, change in
AC
was no different for either cardiology or community‐based primary care providers relative to controls (0.2% lower and 0.01% higher, respectively).

Conclusions

Our intervention profiling
AC
was feasible, but not sufficient to increase
AC
in our population.
VPO1 Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switch by Activating Extracellular Signal‐regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Peng Huihui , Zhang Kai , Liu Zhaoya , Xu Qian , You Baiyang , Li Chan , Cao Jing , Zhou Honghua , Li Xiaohui , Chen Jia , Cheng Guangjie , Shi Ruizheng , Zhang Guogang
Published: September 2018

Background

Hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) is a critical molecular signal in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) formation. Vascular peroxidase 1 (
VPO
1) catalyzes the production of hypochlorous acid (
HOC
l) from H
2
O
2
and significantly enhances oxidative stress. The switch from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic one in vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s) is driven by reactive oxygen species and is recognized as an early and important event in
AAA
formation. This study aims to determine if
VPO
1 plays a critical role in the development of
AAA
by regulating
VSMC
phenotypic switch.

Methods and Results

VPO
1 is upregulated in human and elastase‐induced mouse aneurysmal tissues compared with healthy control tissues. Additionally,
KLF
4, a nuclear transcriptional factor, is upregulated in aneurysmatic tissues along with a concomitant downregulation of differentiated smooth muscle cell markers and an increase of synthetic phenotypic markers, indicating
VSMC
phenotypic switch in these diseased tissues. In cultured
VSMC
s from rat abdominal aorta, H
2
O
2
treatment significantly increases
VPO
1 expression and
HOC
l levels as well as
VSMC
phenotypic switch. In support of these findings, depletion of
VPO
1 significantly attenuates the effects of H
2
O
2
and
HOC
l treatment. Furthermore,
HOC
l treatment promotes
VSMC
phenotypic switch and
ERK
1/2 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with U0126 (a specific inhibitor of
ERK
1/2) significantly attenuates
HOC
l‐induced
VSMC
phenotypic switch.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that
VPO
1 modulates
VSMC
phenotypic switch through the H
2
O
2
/
VPO
1/
HOC
l/
ERK
1/2 signaling pathway and plays a key role in the development of
AAA
. Our findings also implicate
VPO
1 as a novel signaling node that mediates
VSMC
phenotypic switch and plays a key role in the development of
AAA
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
www.chictr.org.cn
. Unique identifier: Chi
CTR
1800016922.
VV > VC > V for Stress: Coercion vs. Prominence
Authors: Ryan Kevin M.
Published: September 2018

A common approach to ternary VV > VC > V weight for stress involves coerced moraicity, by which codas are moraic only under stress, when no VV is available. As I show, coercion is untenable for about half of 17 such systems surveyed, and must be augmented by a theory of vowel prominence (e.g., VV-TO-STRESS). I further argue that vowel prominence is superior to a previously suggested solution in terms of coda prominence, which favors stress on syllables with (nonmoraic) codas.
“No Poor Among Them”: Sabbath and Jubilee Years in Lukan Social Ethics
Authors: Smith David Andrew
Published: September 2018

This article examines the reconfiguration of socially poignant Pentateuchal texts in Luke-Acts. Beginning with a critical examination of the Jubilee background of Jesus’ Nazareth sermon, the article moves to elucidate Luke’s interweaving of scriptural traditions of the Jubilee and Sabbath years and related economically rich scriptural texts into the story of Jesus and the early church. This study explores how the author of Luke and Acts has integrated the life and teachings of Jesus with thekerygmaand social existence of the early church by way of sustained, subtle reference to idealized visions of communal life in Israel’s foundational scriptures.
The Chinese Dream, Neoliberalism, and International Legal Ideology
Authors: Liu Ian Yuying
Published: September 2018

The present study analyses a key contemporary transformation in international law: the ascent of China and the decline of the hegemony of the United States. I shall here construct a two-stage theoretical picture of China’s mission to establish a regional order with Beijing at the centre. First, I present the argument that international law is a vehicle for hegemonic ideology and practice, taking my orientation from Gramscian theories of hegemony. Second, I shall unfold the Chinese Dream—a Confucian variant of neoliberalism—and the One Belt One Road Initiative, to demonstrate that China’s evolution into a core production zone in the neoliberal world economy may be achieved through international legal structures.
Primula luteoflora (Primulaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China
Authors: JU WEN-BIN , HUANG QIN , SUN ZHI-YU , HUANG WEN-JUN , LI HUAI-CHENG , GAO XIN-FEN
Published: September 2018

Primula luteoflora, a new species of Primulaceae from Sichuan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically assigned to Primula sect. Petiolares subsect. Davidii, characterized by the leaves firmly papery or leathery, with adaxially impressed veins and reticulate veins distinctly raised abaxially. However, the new species is distinguished by its leaf size, number of lateral veins, glabrous scape, number of flowers and yellow flowers.
Reestablishment of Cabomba schwartzii (Cabombaceae), an aquatic plant species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: BARBOSA TIAGO D. M. , TRAD RAFAELA J. , BAJAY MIKLOS M. , ZUCCHI MARIA I. , AMARAL MARIA DO CARMO E. DO
Published: September 2018

Cabomba schwartzii was described by Rataj in 1977. The species discovered in the Brazilian Amazon was said to differ from other Cabomba species in having two sepals, two petals and a lobate petal base. According to the 1991 study of Ørgaard, C. schwartzii is similar to C. aquatica in other morphological characters (C. aquatica has flowers with three sepals and three petals) and since variation in number of floral parts is common in the genus, Ørgaard synonymized both species. After an analysis of C. schwartzii type material, other herbarium collections and location of four populations (two with C. schwartzii characteristics and two with C. aquatica characteristics), we conducted an integrated morphological and genetic study to evaluate whether or not C. schwartzii is a distinct species from C. aquatica. The results reveal the species to be distinct from each other and therefore C. schwartzii should be reestablished. The floral formula for C. schwartzii is K2 C2 A2+2 G1, versus K3 C3 A3+3 G2 for C. aquatica. A detailed species description and the geographical distribution of C. schwartzii are presented with a dichotomous key to distinguish both species, together with illustrations.
Pseudarthria panii (Fabaceae: Desmodieae), a new species from Asia, 120 years after its first collection
Authors: ZHANG RONG , YI TING-SHUANG , PAN BO
Published: September 2018

A new trifoliolate shrub, Pseudarthria panii (Fabaceae: Desmodieae), is described and illustrated. It resembles Pseudarthria viscida, but differs by its taller height, upright habit, late flowering, leaflets with an acuminate apex, longer light purple flowers, longer glabrous fruits, and more seeds. It occurs in the montane forest of China (Yunnan), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Molecular evidence from the concatenated chloroplast fragments of rbcL and matK confirms its placement in Pseudarthria, which is a newly recorded genus from China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. The first collection of the new species can be dated back to ca. 120 years ago, i.e. Augustine Henry’s collection in Yunnan during 1896–1899. A key to Pseudarthria is also presented.
A checklist of Poliosia Hampson, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) with emphasis on the Cambodian fauna, and the description of a new species to the genus
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , NA SOL˗MOON , BAE YANG˗SEOP
Published: September 2018

A checklist of the genus Poliosia Hampson, 1900 is provided, along with a key for the Cambodian species, which includes the new species P. cardamomensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, n. sp. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all three Cambodian species are presented.
Differences in the Silk Road Pattern and Its Relationship to the North Atlantic Oscillation between Early and Late Summers
Authors: Hong Xiaowei , Lu Riyu , Li Shuanglin
Published: September 2018

The Silk Road Pattern (SRP) is an upper-tropospheric teleconnection pattern along the Asian westerly jet in summer on the interannual time scale, and it exerts great influences on the climate of the Eurasian continent. Results in the present study indicate that the SRP exhibits considerable distinctions between early and late summers (i.e., 1 June–9 July and 10 July–31 August, respectively). The SRP is stronger and more geographically fixed in late summer in comparison with its counterpart in early summer. Furthermore, the SRP is closely connected with the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) in late summer, but not in early summer. This closer connection in late summer is manifested clearly in the leading mode of upper-tropospheric meridional wind anomalies over the North Atlantic–Eurasian continent domain. The intensified SNAO–SRP relationship in late summer can be explained by the subseasonal change of the SNAO: albeit being a seesaw pattern common in both early and late summers, there is a shift of this pattern toward the northwest–southeast one in late summer from a north–south one in early summer. The southeastern pole of SNAO in late summer extends into the Eurasian continent, and efficiently triggers the SRP to propagate along the Asian jet. By contrast, the south pole of SNAO in early summer is confined over the North Atlantic and is thus less effective to trigger the SRP propagation.
Relationship commitment of Portuguese lesbian and gay individuals: Examining the role of cohabitation and perceived social support
Authors: Rodrigues David L. , Huic Aleksandra , Lopes Diniz
Published: September 2018

Lesbian and gay (LG) individuals strive to form stable relationships, and most of them are successful in doing so. Because successful relationships have benefits for psychological well-being, it is important to investigate factors that help people in same-sex relationships to achieve stable and committed relationships. The Investment Model (IM) proposes commitment to be predicted by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and relationship investments. We extend this model by proposing two additional variables—cohabitation and social support. Cohabitation is a particularly important relationship marker for LG individuals, and its role on same-sex relationship commitment may be linked to the perception of greater support from close family and friends. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Portugal ( N = 534, 62.4% gay men and 37.6% lesbian women; Mage = 29.64 years, SD = 8.30), we tested a multigroup structural equation model linking cohabitation to perceived social support from close network members (family and friends) and to relationship commitment, via the IM variables. The results showed that cohabitation was positively associated with perceived social support from both parents and friends. Friend support and its association with satisfaction mediated the association between cohabitation and commitment for both gay men and lesbian women. However, there were differences between LG individuals. Support from parents was positively associated with satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived quality of alternative situations to the relationship, but only for gay men. Support from friends was positively associated with satisfaction for both lesbian women and gay men while also positively associated with relationship investments for gay men. These results are a relevant addition to the literature by showing the importance of cohabitation and social support from parents and friends for same-sex relationship outcomes, possibly acting as buffers against different sorts of negative experiences.
Multifocal Necrotizing Myopathy in Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris) Pups, San Miguel Island, California
Authors: Spraker Terry R. , Kuzmina Tetiana A. , Lyons Eugene T. , DeLong Robert L. , Simeone Claire , Veeramachaneni D. N. Rao
Published: September 2018

A field study addressing causes of mortality in freshly dead northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866) was conducted on San Miguel Island, California, in February 2015. Necropsies were performed on 18 pups ranging in age from stillbirths to approximately 7 to 8 weeks. The primary gross diagnoses in these pups included trauma, myopathy, starvation/emaciation, infections, congenital anomalies, and perinatal mortality. However, 6 (33%) had a previously unrecognized myopathy characterized by multiple white streaks that were most obvious within the inner layer of the abdominal wall and the small innermost ventral intercostal muscles. Following histological examination, 2 more pups from San Miguel Island and 6 pups from The Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, California) were found to have similar lesions. Histologically, the lesions within the skeletal muscles were characterized by a multifocal polyphasic, mild to severe, acute to subacute necrotizing myopathy with mineralization. Acute necrosis and degeneration characterized by pyknotic nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolization were found in smooth muscle myocytes within the urinary bladder and digestive system. Degeneration of myocytes was present in the tunica media of a few small- to medium-sized vessels and was characterized by a vacuolar degeneration and occasionally necrosis. This condition has been termed multifocal necrotizing myopathy. A cause of this myopathy was not identified.
Proliferative Typhlocolitis With Multinucleated Giant Cells: A Nonspecific Enteropathy in Immunodeficient Sentinel Mice
Authors: Casey Kerriann M. , Johnson Amanda L. , Hunrath Melea N. , Fraser Jenelle K. , McCowan Nicole C. , Wasson Katherine , Doty Rosalinda A. , Griffey Stephen M. , Imai Denise M.
Published: September 2018

Beginning in 2015, athymic nude sentinel mice from conventional, medium-, and high-security facilities presented to the Comparative Pathology Laboratory (CPL) with weight loss, diarrhea, and/or rectal prolapse. Regardless of whether clinical signs were present or absent, the gross observation of ceco-colonic thickening corresponded histologically to pleocellular typhlocolitis with mucosal hyperplasia and lamina proprial multinucleated cells. A subset of affected sentinels exhibited granulomatous serositis and hepatosplenic necrosis with multinucleated cells. Initial suspicion of mouse hepatitis virus infection was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, electron microscopy, and serology. Multinucleated giant cells were confirmed as macrophages by positive immunoreactivity to Mac-3 and Iba-1 and negative immunoreactivity to pancytokeratin. From conventional and medium-security facilities, Helicobacter species were identified in 40 of 143 (27.9%) mice, with H. hepaticus accounting for 72.5% of identified Helicobacter species. Other agents included opportunistic bacterial infection (41/145, 28.3%), murine norovirus (16/106, 15.1%), and pinworms (2/146, 1.4%). From high-security facilities, only Enterobacter cloacae was identified (2/13, 15.4%), and no evidence of Helicobacter sp., murine norovirus, or pinworms was present. No potentially infectious disease agent(s) was identified in 71 of 146 (48.6%) affected nude sentinels from conventional and medium-security facilities and 11 of 13 (84.6%) affected nude sentinels from high-security facilities. No statistically significant differences in histologic lesion scores were identified between Helicobacter-positive and Helicobacter-negative mice. Thus, proliferative typhlocolitis with multinucleated giant cells was considered a nonspecific histologic pattern associated with a variety of primary and opportunistic pathogens in athymic nude mice.
The African Youth Civic Movements and the Struggle for Peace: The Case of Balai Citoyen and Filimbi
Authors: Kasanda Albert
Published: September 2018

Can African youth be a sustainable resource for peace? Under which requirements can such a project be achieved? This questioning introduces the concern of this article which examines the current burgeoning of African youth from conceptual and qualitative perspectives. Thanks to the awakening of critical voices of African civil society, African youth are more than ever active in the political arena. They contributed, for example, to the fall of the Compaoré regime in October 2014. They closely follow the evolution of democracy in Senegal and create anxiety for the Congolese (DRC) over the mandate regime. Their commitment can be viewed as a search for peace as social cohesion. The paper explores two case studies: the Balai citoyen and Filimbi. It affirms that these youth platforms deal with issues that are intertwined between local challenges, global interactions and transnational conflicts. They can be viewed as peace builders.
Positioning Implications for Chocolate Brands: An Attribute-based Approach
Authors: Sondhi Neena , Chawla Deepak
Published: September 2018

The present article is exploratory in nature and studies the attributes that an Indian chocolate consumer considers while making a chocolate purchase and based on this the present article establishes the position of the popular chocolate brands on these select attributes. The study was conducted on 311 chocolate consumers in the National Capital Region (NCR). An exploratory factor analysis revealed two principal factors and further an attribute-based perceptual map was plotted on the identified factors. It was found that regardless of their demographics, Indians are increasingly preferring chocolates over traditional sweets and are consuming it both as a snack food and as a dessert. The attribute-based perceptual map had significant implications for the national and international brands available in the Indian marketplace.
Composite Paraganglioma: Pioneering in the Head and Neck
Authors: Delgado Santiago , Smith Stephen M. , Mehra Saral , Prasad Manju L.
Published: September 2018

Composite paragangliomas are rare with less than 20 cases documented in the abdomen, retroperitoneum, and urinary bladder. In this article, we report the first case of composite paraganglioma in the head and neck presenting as a soft tissue mass in the neck adjacent to the carotid artery in a 50-year-old woman. We discuss the clinicopathologic findings and genetic implications, and we review the literature of this rare entity.
Bad subjects: Epistemic violence at arraignment
Authors: Brissette Emily
Published: September 2018

While arraignment is meant to serve as a check on arbitrary state power, actualizing defendants’ rights to due process, it is also a key site wherein individuals come face to face with the state. This article theorizes the epistemic violence inherent in that encounter and embedded in routine court practices. Drawing on ethnographic observations of misdemeanor arraignments, this article explores how the state produces and marshals knowledge of the accused: interpellating most defendants into a degraded subject position, actively silencing their attempts to know otherwise, and making racialized moral evaluations of their worthiness. Together these practices constitute epistemic violence, inflicting injury through their assault on defendants’ dignity and personhood and through their justification and reproduction of more material harms.
Unbiased Sampling of Users from (Online) Activity Data
Authors: Almquist Zack W. , Arya Sakshi , Zeng Li , Spiro Emma
Published: September 2018

Online platforms offer new opportunities to study human behavior. However, while social scientists are often interested in using behavioral trace data—data created by a user over the course of their everyday life—to draw inferences about users, many online platforms only allow data to be sampled based on user activities (leading to data sets that are biased toward highly active users). Here, we introduce a simple method for reweighting activity-based sample statistics in order to provide descriptive (and potentially model-based) estimates of the user population. We illustrate these techniques by applying them to a case study of an online fitness community (Strava) and use it to explore basic network properties. Last, we explore the weights effect on model-based estimates for count data.
Insights From Practice With Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Transplantation
Authors: Alsheikh Razan , Alfayez Osamah M. , Al Yami Majed S.
Published: September 2018

Solid organ transplant patients are at risk of developing atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Direct oral anticoagulants are considered an attractive option for anticoagulation in patients due to their convenience; however, strong evidence of their use in transplantation is lacking. We conducted a search using Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus databases, in addition to International Society of Heart and Lung transplantation and American Transplant Congress abstracts (from 2012 through December 2017). Fourteen articles were reviewed that included case reports, retrospective case series, or chart review analyses of small cohorts. Based on this review, the findings can only generate hypotheses that should be further studied in a larger randomized cohort. This review can help clinicians gain insight into the use of direct oral anticoagulant in this special population. For now, clinicians should be cautious about their use in this special population.
Pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in the Lung Parenchyma Predicts Poor Survival After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Satoh Yoko , Motosugi Utaroh , Saito Akitoshi , Omiya Yoshie , Onishi Hiroshi
Published: September 2018

Purpose:

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lung parenchyma and the presence of subclinical interstitial lung disease on computed tomography as predictive factors for survival following stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated 125 patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer who underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy at our institute between December 2005 and March 2013 for various demographic and clinical parameters. The fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lung parenchyma corrected with computed tomography value (tissue fraction-corrected standardized uptake value) was quantified using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography before the therapy. Additionally, the radiological findings of interstitial lung disease on computed tomography were evaluated. The prognostic analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model for univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

The median follow-up period was 39 months. The 3-year overall survival rate was 67.9%, and the 3-year progression-free survival rate was 52.0%. The multivariate analysis indicated that the tissue fraction-corrected standardized uptake value was correlated with the patients’ overall survival ( P = .027, hazard ratio: 2.694, 95% confidence interval: 1.109-8.057). The presence of subclinical interstitial lung disease showed no correlation with the overall survival ( P = .535, hazard ratio: 1.256, 95% confidence interval: 0.592-2.473).

Conclusion:

The results indicated that fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the lung parenchyma, expressed as the tissue fraction-corrected standardized uptake value, was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer who have received stereotactic body radiation therapy.
Definitive Radiotherapy With SBRT or IMRT Boost for Breast Cancer: Excellent Local Control and Cosmetic Outcome
Authors: Shibamoto Yuta , Murai Taro , Suzuki Kazushi , Hashizume Chisa , Ohta Kengo , Yamada Yuki , Niwa Masanari , Torii Akira , Shimohira Masashi
Published: September 2018

The gold standard for breast cancer treatment is surgery, but many women may desire to avoid surgery if possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether breast cancer could be cured with modern sophisticated radiation techniques with good cosmetic outcome. We have treated 18 patients with operable breast cancer by conventional whole-breast irradiation followed by stereotactic body radiotherapy (primary tumor only) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (tumor plus axillary nodes) boost. The planned doses were 50 Gy in 25 fractions, 18 to 25.5 Gy in 3 fractions, and 20 Gy in 8 fractions, respectively, for the 3 modalities. Stereotactic body radiotherapy was delivered with 7 to 9 coplanar and noncoplanar fixed beams, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy was given by tomotherapy. Chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy was used depending on the stage and receptor status. In 9 recent patients, hydrogen peroxide was intratumorally injected twice a week before whole-breast irradiation. All treatments were well tolerable and there were no grade ≥3 toxicities. With a median follow-up period of 35 months (range, 8-120 months), only 1 patient developed local recurrence and 2 patients developed distant metastasis. Overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control rates were 93%, 85%, and 92%, respectively, at 3 years. In 50% of the patients, the irradiated breast became better rounded, and the position of the nipple of the irradiated breast became ≥1 cm higher compared to that of the unirradiated breast. Thus, the treated breasts may be more aesthetically favorable than before irradiation in these patients. This may become a treatment option for patients with operable breast cancer.
Listening to fathers: Personal impacts of raising children with Down syndrome
Authors: Marshak Laura E , Lasinsky Emily E , Williams Courtney
Published: September 2018

The aim of this qualitative study was to contribute to an understanding of how biological fathers ( N = 311) believe having a child with Down syndrome has impacted them personally. Thematic analysis was used to derive meaning from responses to open-ended survey questions. In addition to describing personal impacts, fathers shared how their perspectives shifted over time and possible contributory factors. The results indicated that fathers were often deeply impacted by the experience of parenting a child with Down syndrome. The vast majority expressed positive changes in terms of personal growth; however, it is important to note that positive emotions often coexisted with more distressing ones such as anxiety and loss. Most fathers reported a positive trajectory in terms of their adjustment and many attributed it to learning that their negative assumptions about people with Down syndrome were not accurate. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Race and the Association Between Police Stops and Depression Among Young Adults: A Research Note
Authors: Baćak Valerio , Nowotny Kathryn M.
Published: September 2018

Police stops are stressful experiences that may be harmful for health. The present study examines the association between police stops and symptoms of depression in the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health. The study sample included non-Hispanic Black ( n = 2,118) and White ( n = 5,629) adults aged 18–26 years surveyed in 1996 and 2001/2002. Both Black and White young adults who have been stopped by police had more symptoms of depression compared to their never stopped counterparts. Among Blacks, the association was attenuated but persisted after controlling for criminal behavior and justice contact. In contrast, among Whites, the association between police stops and depression was smaller in magnitude, and it was explained by self-reported criminal behavior. Given the frequency and the number of people in contact with police, we point to the need to sensitize police departments to potential mental health consequences of proactive policing, and the decreased willingness of the public to seek police help as a result of previous distressing encounters.
Eeoc's ADA Policy Guidance: Part I
Authors: D'Arruda Kimberley
Published: September 2018

We welcome Kimberley D'Arruda as the new legal issues columnist and are pleased that Ms. D'Arruda has agreed to share her legal expertise with our readers. The Journal welcomes general questions or practice concerns related to legal issues. Address questions to: Legal Issues Column, AAOHN Journal, 6900 Grove Road, Thorofare, NJ 08086.
Exposure Risks and Tetanus Immunization in Women of Family Owned Farms
Authors: Holland Catherine , Carruth Ann K.
Published: September 2018

A sampling pool of 4,808 farms in 10 parishes across southeast Louisiana was used to examine the risk factors of farm women who engage in activities putting them at risk for tetanus and to examine the circumstances related to vaccination. Data were collected, via stratified random sampling, in summer 1998 resulting in 657 completed interviews.

Only 53.6% of women were current with a tetanus booster, having received their immunization within the past 10 years. Just as many women received tetanus vaccination following an injury or accident as for prevention. As women aged, they were less likely to be compliant. In the South, a number of environmental factors contribute to the risk for tetanus exposure and infection. These risk factors were examined in light of compliance with tetanus booster compliance. Increasing awareness of risk is essential because although tetanus is uncommon, the death rate from tetanus is greater than 30%.
Case Management Services for Work Related Upper Extremity Disorders
Authors: Shaw William S. , Feuerstein Michael , Lincoln Andrew E. , Miller Virginia I. , Wood Patricia M.
Published: September 2018

A case manager's ability to obtain worksite accommodations and engage workers in active problem solving may improve health and return to work outcomes for clients with work related upper extremity disorders (WRUEDs). This study examines the feasibility of a 2 day training seminar to help nurse case managers identify ergonomic risk factors, provide accommodation, and conduct problem solving skills training with workers' compensation claimants recovering from WRUEDs. Eight procedural steps to this case management approach were identified, translated into a training workshop format, and conveyed to 65 randomly selected case managers. Results indicate moderate to high self ratings of confidence to perform ergonomic assessments (mean = 7.5 of 10) and to provide problem solving skills training (mean = 7.2 of 10) after the seminar. This training format was suitable to experienced case managers and generated a moderate to high level of confidence to use this case management approach.
Representation of Work Stress in an Australian Public Hospital
Authors: Trubshaw Elizabeth A. , Dollard Maureen F.
Published: September 2018

Content analysis of the view of occupational stress presented in the Annual Reports of an Australian public hospital revealed scant attention to occupational health and safety issues and less still to the issue of workplace stress. The hospital aimed to “provide for all employees a working environment with maximum job satisfaction and opportunities for personal growth,” yet stepped up surveillance of “sick leave not absolutely necessary or related to medical conditions.” Investigation of the hospital's employee assistance programs revealed a “band aid” approach of individually focused stress management techniques rather than preventative organizational procedures. The researchers concluded that management considered workplace stress to be a problem in the employee not in the workplace, evident also in an increase of almost 1,000% in the number of clients visiting the staff counseling center in a 10 year period. Although a shift to focus on prevention was noticed in most recent reports consistent with the World Health Organization's target of stress prevention, the holistic public safety of workers appears an unmet challenge in this health industry.
Hepatitis C—The Continuing Debate
Authors: DesRoches Paula
Published: September 2018

The AAOHN Journal added two new clinical sections. The new sections focus on Hospital Occupational Health and Nurse Practitioner Practice issues. Together with the Case Management Update column, these features comprise “CLINICAL ROUNDS.” Each month's issue of the Journal includes one of these focus areas, which will explore a variety of topics and case situations with the goal of advancing occupational health nursing practice. Readers are encouraged to provide feedback and offer ideas for future topic discussions.
What are Restricted Duty, Light Duty, and Transitional Duty, and the Implications of Each for Case Management Practice?
Authors: Haag Annette , Kalina Christine M. , Tourigian Robin , Wassel Mary Lou
Published: September 2018

The Case Management Update column, together with the new Hospital Link and Nurse Practitioner Link columns comprise “CLINICAL ROUNDS.” Each month's issue of the Journal includes one of these focus areas, which will explore a variety of topics and case situations with the goal of advancing occupational health nursing practice. Readers are encouraged to provide feedback and offer ideas for future topic discussions. Opinions and perspectives are those of the panel members, and do not necessarily represent the views of the AAOHN, the Editor, or the Publisher. We encourage readers to submit their questions or scenarios for the Panel. This month's Panel members include Christine M. Kalina, Annette B. Haag, Robin Tourigian, and Mary Lou Wassel.

The AAOHN joins The Case Management Society of America in celebrating National Case Management Week October 6–12, 2002.
A Survey of the Health Experiences of International Business Travelers
Authors: Rogers H. Lynn , Reilly Sandra M.
Published: September 2018

Occupational health professionals need to know more about the health, worklife, and family life of international business travelers (IBTs). This descriptive correlational study, in two parts, examines the physiological and psychosocial experiences associated with business travel for a sample of 140 employees from western Canada's oil and gas industry. Results for Part One show that 76% of IBTs report travel related health problems, 74% have jet lag, 45% have travelers' diarrhea and gastrointestinal complaints, 12% to 16% have climate adaptation problems, and 2% report accidents and minor injuries. High risk behaviors include not carrying a first aid travel kit (54%); drinking more alcohol than ordinarily (21%); and neglecting food, water, and antimalarial precautions (6% to 14%). Other risk factors include age, length of stay, destination, pre-travel medical examinations, pre-travel advice, and eating and accommodation facilities. Findings show that IBTs are at risk for travel related physiological health problems. Implications for practitioners call for increased occupational health expertise in pre-travel preparation, follow up post-travel and regular health surveillance for employees who travel on international business.
Breast Health Educational Interventions
Authors: Thomas Barbara , Stamler Lynnette Leeseberg , Lafreniere Kathryn D. , Delahunt Tabitha D.
Published: September 2018

Health education programs supported by women's groups or workplaces have been successful in reaching large populations and changing intentions to perform breast health behaviors. This study examined the responses women working in the automotive industry had to two health education interventions, mailed pamphlets, and a combination of mailed material and classes at the worksite compared to a control group. A quasi-experimental design was used. Of the 948 women completing the pre-test, 437 also completed the post-test and were highly representative of the initial sample. The findings suggest that although the mailed information produced some change in practices and intentions, the classes in combination with the mailed pamphlets produced greater change. In addition, confidence in breast self examination as a method of detecting an existing breast lump increased from pre-test to post-test across all age groups. The reported influences on the women's decisions related to breast health varied across the life span. The results of this study can be used to support the development of effective health promotion programs for use at workplaces to increase the likelihood of women engaging in healthy breast practices.
Preventing Young Worker Fatalities
Authors: Higgins Doloris N. , Tierney Jeanette , Hanrahan Lawrence
Published: September 2018

During the period between 1992 through 1998, the Bureau of Labor Statistics identified an average of 67 work related deaths of individuals younger than 18 each year. This article describes the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program and summarizes indepth data collected on 59 young worker fatalities in 26 states. These investigations were conducted between May 1986 and February 2002. Young workers ranged in age from 9 to 17 years, with a mean age of 15.3 years: 21 were working in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry; 12 in construction; 10 in manufacturing; 8 in services; and 8 in the retail industry. The majority worked as laborers. Ninety-three percent were young men. Each investigation resulted in the formulation and dissemination of strategies to help prevent future similar occurrences. As an example of state FACE activities, the article describes the Wisconsin FACE program's efforts to foster collaboration between regulatory agencies, researchers, educators, and occupational safety and health professionals, and to integrate efforts aimed at improving safety for young workers.