bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of TSA/TSZ coatings: a review on recent advances on cold gas spraying for steel corrosion protection
Authors: Albaladejo-Fuentes Vicente , Martos Ana María , Sánchez Javier , Garcia-Cano Irene
Published: July 2021

For decades, zinc- and aluminum-based coatings have been considered the best material choice for steel corrosion protection since they may act as a protective barrier and show sacrificial behavior. These coatings are often prepared by galvanizing methods. However, their application by thermal spraying techniques (wire arc spraying, WAS and flame spraying, FS) has been proved as a cost-effective solution for the preparation of long-term corrosion-resistant coatings. This review selectively collects the most relevant information about the application and performance of these two techniques on Zn and Al coatings for corrosion protection. The report summarizes separately the Zn and Al data from the effect of the spraying parameters on coating properties on the one hand, and the results shown in long-term studies carried out in relevant and real exposure conditions, on the other. Finally, this review includes a description and comparison of the most recent advances found out with the novel and emerging spray technique, cold gas spray, for the deposition of Zn and Al coatings for corrosion protection purposes. Nevertheless, the use of this technique has not reached the stage of wide industrial application yet and therefore its long-term performance is unknown, which suggests that there is still room for further development.
Does Ginsburg’s Judicial Voice Get the International Level?
Authors: Cavallini Cesare , Cirillo Stefania
Published: July 2021

In several civil law systems of justice, the judiciary’s role traditionally gives rise to an institutional debate due to the absence of precedent as a source of formal law. The courts’ ability to operate thus depends, among other matters, upon public acceptance of their function. However, in the U.S. system, Justice Ginsburg, as a “judge’s judge,” properly sustained the role of the judiciary’s legitimacy by defining her considerations of “substitutes of consent”: deference to precedent, judicial restraint, collegiality, judicial interdependence, and procedural accountability. Among these factors, deference to precedent played a crucial role that emerged from Ginsburg’s “measured motion” of decision-making. Should her values framework thus have an impact on civil law systems of justice? To answer this question, we will examine two civil law procedure institutions, along with their jurisprudence, through the lens of Justice’s Ginsburg judicial philosophy. The results show how the traditional debate concerning these institutions must move from the institutions themselves to the judiciary’s role and its “motions”, following the path traced by Ginsburg’s judicial voice. Thus, her judicial philosophy now represents an international guideline to delineate those “substitutes of consent” and the courts’ decision-making approach to enhance the courts’ judicial legitimacy.
Best for whom? An EU-specific insight into translation quality
Authors: Cosmai Domenico
Published: July 2021

Setting out from a quotation by Eugene Nida, this paper critically analyses the issue of translation quality in the peculiar context of EU institutions and bodies. While EU-specific translating is certainly acknowledged as a purposeful activity and generally takes into account the various parameters associated with functionalist theories of translation, other factors may intervene. In particular, attention is drawn to the risk that a single word or concept can take on different meanings in each of the institutional or cultural contexts comprising the European Union, and to the need to make sure that Europe’s words mean the same thing for any European citizen. Against this backdrop, the creation of EU-specific terminology is seen as an inherent step in the formation of new institutional or political concepts related to the activities or the practices of the European Union. Some examples of translation discrepancies are presented, along with their differing impact on the effectiveness of the legal or political message and the differing quality standards they seem to require in order to ensure interlingual consistency.
The Bantu relative agreement cycle
Authors: Van de Velde Mark L. O.
Published: July 2021

This article presents theBantu relative agreement(BRA) cycle, a scenario of recurrent morphosyntactic change that involves the emergence of relativizers, which are subsequently integrated into the relative verb form, where they can ultimately replace the original subject agreement prefix. All logical outcomes at every stage of the cycle are amply attested in the languages of the Bantu family. The BRA cycle makes sense of many of the puzzling characteristics of relative clause constructions in the Bantu languages, especially in the domain of agreement.
Linear derivations on Banach *-algebras
Authors: Alhazmi Husain , Khan Abdul Nadim
Published: July 2021

In this paper, it is shown that there is no positive integer n such that the set of

x
∈

A

$ x\in \mathfrak{A} $

for which

[
(

x

δ

)
n

,
(

x

∗

δ

)
n

(

x

δ

)
n

]
∈

Z

(

A

)

$ [(x^{\delta})^n, (x^{*{\delta}})^n(x^{\delta})^n]\in \mathcal{Z}(\mathfrak{A}) $

, where δ is a linear derivation on

A

$ \mathfrak{A} $

or there exists a central idempotent

e
∈

Q

$ e\in \mathcal{Q} $

such that δ=0 on

e

Q

$ e\mathcal{Q} $

and

(
1
−
e
)

Q

$ (1-e)\mathcal{Q} $

satisfies S
4(X
1, X
2, X
3, X
4). Moreover, we establish other related results.
On the paranormed Nörlund difference sequence space of fractional order and geometric properties
Authors: Yaying Taja
Published: July 2021

In this article we introduce paranormed Nörlund difference sequence space of fractional orderα,Nt(p, Δ(α)) defined by the composition of fractional difference operator Δ(α), defined by(Δ(α)x)k=∑i=0∞(−1)iΓ(α+1)i!Γ(α−i+1)xk−i,$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle (\Delta^{(\alpha)}x)_k=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}(-1)^i\frac{\Gamma(\alpha+1)}{i!\Gamma(\alpha-i+1)}x_{k-i}, \end{array}$and Nörlund matrixNt. We give some topological properties, obtain the Schauder basis and determine theα−,β− andγ-duals of the new space. We characterize certain matrix classes related to this new space. Finally we investigate certain geometric properties of the spaceNt(p, Δ(α)).
How is the period of a simple pendulum growing with increasing amplitude?
Authors: Lampret Vito
Published: July 2021

For the period T(α) of a simple pendulum with the length L and the amplitude (the initial elongation) α ∈ (0, π), a strictly increasing sequence Tn
(α) is constructed such that the relations

T
1

(
α
)
=
2

L
g

π
−
2
+

1
ϵ

ln

1
+
ϵ

1
−
ϵ

+

π
4

−

2
3

ϵ
2

,

T

n
+
1

(
α
)
=

T
n

(
α
)
+
2

L
g

π

w

n
+
1

2

−

2

2
n
+
3

ϵ

2
n
+
2

,

$$\begin{array}{c}
\displaystyle
T_1(\alpha)=2\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}\left[\pi-2+\frac{1}{\epsilon}
\ln\left(\frac{1+\epsilon}{1-\epsilon}\right)+\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{2}{3}\right)\epsilon^2\right],\\
\displaystyle T_{n+1}(\alpha)=T_n(\alpha)+2\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}\left(\pi w_{n+1}^2
- \frac{2}{2n+3}\right)\epsilon^{2n+2},
\end{array}$$

and

0
<

T
(
α
)
−

T
n

(
α
)

T
(
α
)

<

2

ϵ

2
n
+
2

π
(
2
n
+
1
)

,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
0 \lt \frac{T(\alpha)-T_n(\alpha)}{T(\alpha)} \lt \frac{2\epsilon^{2n+2}}{\pi(2n+1)}\,,
\end{array}$$

holds true, for α ∈ (0, π), n ∈ ℕ,

w
n

:=

∏

k
=
1

n

2
k
−
1

2
k

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
w_n:=\prod_{k=1}^n\frac{2k-1}{2k}
\end{array}$

(the nth Wallis’ ratio) and ϵ = sin(α/2).
AdaReg: data adaptive robust estimation in linear regression with application in GTEx gene expressions
Authors: Wang Meng , Jiang Lihua , Snyder Michael P.
Published: July 2021

The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project provides a valuable resource of large-scale gene expressions across multiple tissue types. Under various technical noise and unknown or unmeasured factors, how to robustly estimate the major tissue effect becomes challenging. Moreover, different genes exhibit heterogeneous expressions across different tissue types. Therefore, we need a robust method which adapts to the heterogeneities of gene expressions to improve the estimation for the tissue effect. We followed the approach of the robust estimation based on γ-density-power-weight in the works of Fujisawa, H. and Eguchi, S. (2008). Robust parameter estimation with a small bias against heavy contamination. J. Multivariate Anal. 99: 2053–2081 and Windham, M.P. (1995). Robustifying model fitting. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B: 599–609, where γ is the exponent of density weight which controls the balance between bias and variance. As far as we know, our work is the first to propose a procedure to tune the parameter γ to balance the bias-variance trade-off under the mixture models. We constructed a robust likelihood criterion based on weighted densities in the mixture model of Gaussian population distribution mixed with unknown outlier distribution, and developed a data-adaptive γ-selection procedure embedded into the robust estimation. We provided a heuristic analysis on the selection criterion and found that our practical selection trend under various γ’s in average performance has similar capability to capture minimizer γ as the inestimable mean squared error (MSE) trend from our simulation studies under a series of settings. Our data-adaptive robustifying procedure in the linear regression problem (AdaReg) showed a significant advantage in both simulation studies and real data application in estimating tissue effect of heart samples from the GTEx project, compared to the fixed γ procedure and other robust methods. At the end, the paper discussed some limitations on this method and future work.
„Útkeresők”. Településfejlesztés a közösségi művelődéssel
Authors: Dóri Éva
Published: July 2021

A Baranya megyei Martonfa és Magyaregregy községekben 2020 augusztusának utolsó hetében új közösségi terek épültek a „Közösség – Tér – Település” képzési program keretében. A helyi lakosokkal megálmodott többfunkciós parkok kilenc hónapos közösségi tervezőfolyamat eredményekét, közösségszervező és építész hallgatók közreműködésével születtek. A komplex településfejlesztési gyakorlati képzés ötlete a Közös Pontok Nonprofit Kft. kezdeményezése nyomán, többek között a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Bölcsészet- és Társadalomtudományi-, Műszaki és Informatikai-, valamint Kultúratudományi- Pedagógiai és Vidékfejlesztési Karainak együttműködésével valósult meg.

A tanulmány célja az egymáshoz szorosan illeszkedő közösségszervezői, funkcionális-tervezői és településvezetői feladatok összekapcsolódásának gyakorlati bemutatása. A fejlesztő szemlélet kialakítása, megerősítése kiemelten fontos feladata a közösségi munkának, melynek kereteit az élettér és az életminőség fogalmai adják. A bemutatott program modellkísérlet, melynek során a felsőoktatási tanulmányokat végző hallgatók valós, lokális problémahelyzetekbe kerülnek. A helyi közösséggel gondolkodás folyamatában a kollaboratív munkamódok megtapasztalása hiánypótló tanulási szituációkat teremt. A részvételközpontú, cselekvésorientált folyamatokban a helyi társadalmi erőforrások feltárása és aktivizálása kiemelt szerepet tölt be.
A Pécsi Püspökség kultúraközvetítő szerepe idegenforgalmi tevékenysége tükrében
Authors: Óber Péter , Ormosy Petra
Published: July 2021

Dolgozatunk szándéka a Pécsi Püspökségen 2014-ben útjára indult idegenforgalmi kultúraközvetítő munka bemutatása. Célunk azoknak a nemrég létrejött kiterjedt és gazdag feladatköröknek a felvillantása, amelyek a Püspökség széles kulturális tevékenységi körébe esnek, továbbá rámutatni arra, hogy az Egyházmegye a liturgikus tevékenységein túl számos szakmai és közművelődési aktivitást is kifejt. Kutatásunk módszerei alapvetően a saját élményekre és a különböző munkaterületeken szerzett tapasztalatokra épülnek, lévén mindketten az idegenforgalmi csoportban, s annak stratégiai csapatában dolgozunk 2014 óta. A cikkből jól láthatóan kitűnik, hogy a Püspökség tágan vett kulturális tekintetben felkészülten várja a hozzá érkező híveket, látogatókat, vendégeket. Következtetésként levonható, hogy újonnan létrehozott kulturális intézményrendszere, az idegenforgalom a 21. századi ember kívánalmainak stabilan megfelel. A publikáció elméleti haszna egy komplex kép kialakítása a Püspökség idegenforgalmi szolgáltatásairól és kulturális szerepvállalásáról. Munkánk gyakorlati haszna lehet a közreadott információk és tapasztalatok alapján a megnyílt lehetőségek kihasználása – akár személyesen, akár csoportosan, akár szabadidős, akár szakmai programok tekintetében. A Püspökség e viszonylag új profilja az egyén szintjén identitásformáló erővel is bír, ha közvetve vagy közvetlenül megerősít mint hívő, mint keresztény, mint pécsi vagy akár mint kultúrafogyasztó.
Nemzeti és regionális identitások változásai a vajdasági magyarok körében
Authors: Bray Ágnes , Kovács Teréz
Published: July 2021

A vajdasági magyar közösség – mint különálló nemzeti kisebbség – 1920 óta létezik. A tanulmány e kisebbségnek nemzeti és a regionális identitásainak egy évszázadon keresztüli változását mutatja be szakirodalmi források másodelemzésére, összegzésére, valamint szociológiai és pszichológiai szempontú magyarázatára alapozva. A tanulmány azokból az elméletekből (Smith, 1991; Pataki, 2001) indul ki, amelyek szerint a kisebbségi sorsban lévők nemzeti identitásának megértéséhez külön kell annak két – a politikai-állampolgári és a kulturális-történeti – összetevőjét vizsgálni. A vajdasági magyarokat az első világháborús békediktátum következtében bár egy új államhoz csatolták, de ezzel a kulturális-történeti identitásukban még nem történt változás. Ugyanakkor elveszítették addigi magyar állampolgári-politikai identitásukat és egy új állam – a Szerb-Horvát-Szlovén Királyság – állampolgárai lettek, de nem tudtak azzal azonnal azonosulni. Ehelyett kialakult náluk egy regionális identitás a Vajdasághoz, amely területét tekintve az új államnak csak egy kisebb része volt. A délszláv államhatalom részéről 1945-től nagy nyomással elkezdődött a jugoszláv politikai-állampolgári identitás építése, bár az mérséklődött idővel, de 1989-re már megnyomorította a magyar kulturális-történeti identitást. 1990-ben Jugoszláviában  polgárháború kezdődött, amibe az ott élő magyarok is belesodródtak és azt traumaként élték meg. Napjainkban tanúi vagyunk a nemzeti-történeti és a politikai-állampolgári identitás új alapokra való építésének.
Szövetvilág. Értelmezési próbák Pápai Lívia textilművész munkáihoz
Authors: Husz Mária
Published: July 2021

Univerzumunk szövetszerű, hálózatos működésének elgondolása, ennek tudományos, történeti és teoretikus vizsgálata nem újdonság. Az e-társadalom gondolkodását a kép, a szövet, és a hálózat rendszerei hatják át. A digitális képfeldolgozó és képmegjelenítő eszközök fejlődésével és elterjedésével összefüggésben az 1990-es évektől a szövegekről ismét a képekre terelődött a figyelem. A textus – szövet, fonat –, görögül logosz, tört részt, viszonyt, arányt, szabályt jelent, amelyet az egy és a sok, az egy és a végtelen meghatározásai, a határ és a határtalanság értelmezései egészítenek ki. Egy-egy művészi életmű értékét az dönti el, hogy kvalitása önmagában rejlik-e, azaz a világ, a művészet és az ember lényegéről tesz-e új kijelentéseket. Pápai Lívia textilművész korai munkáinak feltáró szándéka és analitikus technikai gyakorlata a szövetesség fogalmának egy integráltabb átéléséhez, majd a szövetszerűség, mint egyetemes alapelv értelmezési kísérleteihez vezetett. Művészi fejlődésének alkotói periódusait teoretikus gondolatmenetek, publikációk kísérték. Pápai meggyőződése, hogy „a textil a világ ökologikus működési alapelveihez tartozik. Azokhoz az alapelvekhez, amelyek a stabilitást az átalakítható, átrendezhető, átépíthető anyagi és szellemi létezőkhöz csatolják, azok által feltételezik”. (Pápai, 2013).

A most bemutatott tanulmány célja a művész életművéből kiragadott példákon nyomon követni a szövetszerűség gondolatának általánosítását és a szövetszerűnek felismert világ lényegének leképezését. Ez a paradigma a breviárium sodrásokkal tetőzött. A kutatás módszere az alkotások és publikációk tanulmányozása, és jelentős forrás a művésszel folytatott beszélgetéssorozat.
Citizen science archaeological finds on the Semantic Web: the FindSampo framework
Authors: Hyvönen Eero , Rantala Heikki , Ikkala Esko , Koho Mikko , Tuominen Jouni , Anafi Babatunde , Thomas Suzie , Wessman Anna , Oksanen Eljas , Rohiola Ville , Kuitunen Jutta , Ryyppö Minna
Published: July 2021

FindSampo fosters collecting, sharing, publishing and studying archaeological finds discovered by the public. The framework includes the following: a mobile find-reporting system; a semantic portal for researchers, the public and collection managers to use; and a Linked Open Data service for creating custom data analyses and for application developers.
GELİNCİK ÇİÇEĞİ ŞURUBUNUN ELEKTRİKSEL İLETKENLİK DEĞERLERİ VE REOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİNDEKİ DEĞİŞİMİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÇEVİK Mutlu
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada, farklı voltaj gradyanlarında (30, 35 ve 40 V/cm) ohmik ısıtma uygulanan gelincik çiçeği şuruplarının ısıtma işlemi boyunca elektriksel iletkenlik değerlerindeki değişim incelenmiştir. Ek olarak, farklı sıcaklık değerlerinde örneklerin reolojik özelliklerindeki değişim belirlenmiş ve farklı reolojik modellere uygunlukları test edilmiştir. Örneklerin ısınma sürelerinin 280 ile 592 s aralığında değiştiği ve uygulanan voltaj gradyanının artmasına bağlı olarak azalma eğilimi gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ölçüm alınan tüm sıcaklık değerlerinde ise örneklerin reolojik davranışını en iyi ifade eden modelin Üssel model olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kıvam katsayısı (K) ve görünür viskozite (µgörünür) değerlerinin sıcaklık değerlerinin artmasına bağlı olarak azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm alınan tüm işlem koşullarında örneklerin Newton-dışı dilatant (kaymayla kalınlaşan) akış davranış özelliği gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Gene editing of livestock
Authors: Middelveld Senna , Macnaghten Phil
Published: July 2021

Gene editing technologies allow users to make in vivo (live) changes to an organism’s DNA. Advances in the field of gene editing have made it arguably more precise, efficient, flexible, and cheaper compared to previous technologies. This has generated an upsurge of interest in gene editing and its governance, including in livestock applications. Although gene editing in livestock promises benefits, it also raises technical, ethical, and societal questions alongside the prospect of (radical) transformation. Since the technology is still to be developed into marketable products, it is the designs, visions, or what we term “sociotechnical imaginaries” that shape gene editing technologies and that represent an important site for sociological inquiry. In this article, based on an analysis of interviews with breeding company representatives and agricultural scientists in the Netherlands, we analyze the assumptions, values, and commitments that underpin their imaginaries. These imaginaries matter, since their negotiation will help structure how the technology develops and how it will subsequently transform livestock and human–animal relations. In our analysis, we analyze the discursive practices from the interview data distilling three sociotechnical imaginaries that shape and underpin how respondents discuss gene editing in livestock. Elaborating the sociotechnical imaginary concept to make it more amenable to the emerging dynamics of gene editing in livestock, we show how imaginaries need to be studied “in place” and in terms of “material practices.” Even though each of the imaginaries frame livestock gene editing as desirable and beneficial, they nevertheless have differential effects in how they structure industry, researcher, government, and consumer/citizen relations. We conclude by discussing how and why sociotechnical imaginaries on livestock gene editing matter and their implications for governance and research.
Classification option for Korean traditional paper based on type of raw materials, using near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate statistical methods
Authors: Jang Kyung Ju , Heo Tae Young , Jeong Seon Hwa
Published: July 2021

Depending on the different types of raw materials used to produce hanji, a Korean traditional handmade paper, there can be significant differences in the durability and mechanical properties of the final product. In this study, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate statistical methods were used to confirm the classification possibility of hanji based on the various type of raw materials. The hanji papers were prepared from paper mulberry trees, cooking agents, and mucilage. Altogether, a total of 60 hanji spectra were collected by NIR. Then, the 60 spectra were grouped into four categories: the control, paper mulberry, cooking agent, and mucilage type based on each of the types of raw materials contained in the hanji. Three different classification algorithms – partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF) – were used to classify the hanji types. The best hanji material classification performance was obtained when the hanji samples were classified according to paper mulberry type, wherein the prediction accuracies of PLS-DA, SVM, and RF were 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. These results suggested that NIR in combination with multivariate statistical methods can be used for hanji material classification.
Place of articulation shifts in sound change: A gradual road to the unmarked
Authors: Apostolopoulou Eirini
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates place of articulation shifts involving heterosyllabic C[non-coronal]C[coronal]clusters. Such phenomena are found, among other languages, in the diachrony of Italiot Greek, where three typologically different historical stages are observed: (a) no shifts; (b)dorsal > labialshift; (c)dorsal, labial > coronalshift. Drawing on Rice's (1994) model of the Place node and the markedness hierarchydorsal≺labial≺coronal(with “≺” denoting ‘more marked than’) (de Lacy 2002), I maintain that these shifts reduce the markedness of codas. The gradual typological changes are accounted for in terms ofProperty Theory(Alber & Prince 2015).
Against phonologically-optimizing suppletive allomorphy (POSA) in Irish, Tiene, Katu, and Konni
Authors: Rolle Nicholas
Published: July 2021

Suppletive allomorphs may be conditioned based on their phonological environment. When the allomorphy distribution is phonologically natural, this has motivated theoretical models supporting phonologically-optimizing suppletive allomorphy (POSA), whereby the phonological grammar selects the suppletive allomorph whose output is least marked. This paper re-examines four cases argued to support POSA in Irish, Tiene, Katu, and Konni, and for each provides counter-arguments against this position. In contrast to POSA, I assert that the most straightforward analysis is to formalize the conditioning phonological environment via subcategorization frames, and that the burden of proof falls on proponents of POSA to show otherwise. Subcategorization correctly predicts that subcategorized phonological material is the only phonological material which suppletion can be sensitive to. [An appendix is provided which argues against POSA in another language, Udihe, and instead posits a single underlying form with gradient representations.]
Deriving Level 1/Level 2 affix classes in English: Floating vowels, cyclic syntax
Authors: Newell Heather
Published: July 2021

This article accounts for the traditionally-labelled Level 1/Level 2 affix distinction in English by combining the predictions of floating segmental structure (e.g. Rubach 1996) and cyclic spell-out by phase (Chomsky 1999; Marantz 2007). It offers insight not only into the different phonological patterns these affixes trigger, but importantly, explains when the same affix will trigger distinct phonological patterns (when an affix behaves sometimes as Level 1 and sometimes as Level 2). It is argued that Level 1 affixes are distinguished by an initial floating vowel in their underlying representations, and that if we combine this with the proposal that affixes that merge directly to roots are interpreted in the same phonological cycle as these roots then we can remove the reference to diacritic notions such as Level 1 and Level 2 from the grammar. This then allows for a fully modular account of English affix classes, where the phonological derivation refers solely to phonological representations.
Range extension of Ichthyophis multicolor Wilkinson et al., 2014 to India and first molecular identification of Ichthyophis moustakius Kamei et al., 2009
Authors: Lalremsanga Hmar Tlawmte , Purkayastha Jayaditya , Vabeiryureilai Mathipi , Muansanga Lal , Decemson Ht , Biakzuala Lal
Published: July 2021

We report a substantial range extension of Ichthyophis multicolor Wilkinson, Presswell, Sherratt, Papadopoulou & Gower, 2014, with new material from Mizoram State, Northeast India. The species was previously known only from its type locality more than 800 km away in Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The species was identified by both its morphology and 16s rRNA gene sequence data. One of the studied individuals represents the largest known specimen for the species (total length = 501 mm; mid-body width = 18.8 mm). Brief comparisons of I. multicolor with the sympatric as well as parapatric congeners in the region, and first barcode data for I. moustakius Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009 are also presented.
Early postoperative seizures in liver and kidney recipients
Authors: Tsirulnikova O. M. , Syrkina A. V. , Miloserdov I. A. , Pashkova I. E. , Oleshkevich S. Yu. , Komarova I. B.
Published: July 2021

Background. Transplantation is presently the only treatment for end-stage liver and kidney failure. Up to 42% of liver transplant recipients and up to 30% of kidney transplant recipients have neurological complications from the transplantation. Acute symptomatic seizures (ACS) occupy an important place in the structure of early postoperative neurological complications. Verification of the causes of seizures and management of the risk of relapse is presently a critical task.

Objective: to review recent advances in ACS assessment, prevalence, and treatment approaches in liver and kidney transplant recipients.

Materials and methods. The causes of ACS after liver and kidney transplant are diverse. Nonspecific causes of seizures such as dysmetabolic and volemic changes associated with transplantation are widely known. There are also specific syndromes associated with seizures in liver and kidney recipients, such as posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome, neurotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors, hyponatremia in the final stage of liver failure, hypocalcemia in kidney recipients, etc. Diagnosis is made based on general rules, and treatment depends on the identified causes of seizures. Management of acute symptomatic seizures involves prescribing anticonvulsants according to the risk of seizure recurrence; immunosuppression is converted when neurotoxicity is identified. Results. The diagnostic algorithm, and often the treatment strategies, in ACS cases in liver and kidney recipients, are not clearly defined.

Conclusion. Due to the multiple causes of ACS, there are differences in treatment tactics. Further accumulation and generalization of ACS outcome data will help in creating a convenient algorithm for rapid identification of the cause and the most effective treatment tactics.
Kidney transplantation in Kazakhstan: the burden of organ shortage
Authors: Abdugafarov S. A. , Assykbayev M. N. , Saparbay D. J.
Published: July 2021

Kidney transplantation has been the best replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease for over 60 years. The Republican Coordination Center for Transplantation reports that as of January 29, 2020, there were 2675 people on the kidney transplant waiting list in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The issue of deceased donation in Kazakhstan is problematic for various reasons. Over the past couple of years, the already low rates of deceased donors have fallen by more than 2 times.

Objective: to objectively assess the effectiveness of deceased-donor kidney transplant in order to indicate the need for development of cadaveric donation and reduce the number of patients in the transplant waitlist.

Materials and methods. Fifty-two kidney transplants from a deceased donor were performed at the National Research Oncology Center (NROC) from 2010 to 2020. The age group of recipients ranged from 20 to 75 years old. In most cases, end-stage chronic renal failure resulted in chronic glomerulonephritis (76%), pyelonephritis (1.9%), polycystic kidney disease (9.6%) and diabetic nephropathy (11.5%).

Results. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 96% and 86%, respectively. There was delayed graft function in 13 of cases. In one case (1.92%), there was intraoperative hyperacute rejection of the kidney transplant that could not be treated with high doses of glucocorticosteroids; the kidney graft was removed. Two patients (3.8%) in the early postoperative period, on days 2 and 7 after surgery, developed a clinic of acute renal transplant rejection; after the rejection crisis was stopped by drug therapy, graft function was restored. One patient (1.92%) died as a result of bilateral pneumonia, which led to sepsis and death.

Conclusion. Graft and recipient survival rates after deceased-donor kidney are comparable to those after living-donor kidney transplantation. The solution to the problems of increasing the number of deceased organ transplants should not rest entirely on the shoulders of transplant doctors; this task must also be addressed at the government level with constant propaganda to explain to the citizens the need for a deceased organ donation program.
Numerical and experimental justification of transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis design
Authors: Ovcharenko E. A. , Klyshnikov K. U. , Shilov A. A. , Scheglova N. A. , Glushkova T. V. , Nushtaev D. V. , Barbarash L. S.
Published: July 2021

Objective: to justify the design of a self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis based on a biomaterial stabilized with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether using numerical simulation and a series of field experiments with working prototypes to determine the consistency of the proposed design solutions.

Material and methods. Numerical computer models of a developed aortic valve prosthesis intended for transcatheter implantation, as well as prototypes of the most promising concepts for a series of field tests, were used in the work. Computer 3D models were subjected to numerical analysis in the Abaqus/CAE environment (Dassault Systemes, France) based on the finite element method with iterative design optimization and repeated numerical experiments. Physical prototypes of the transcatheter prosthesis were subjected to a series of mechanical tests for axial and radial compression, as well as tests on a Vivitro hydrodynamic stand (Vivitro Labs, Canada) under simulated normal flow. All studies were carried out in a comparative aspect with a similar transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis (control), the CoreValve™ bioprosthesis (Medtronic, Inc., USA).

Results. Computer simulation demonstrates the stress-strain state values that do not significantly exceed the critical levels (628 and 756 MPa versus the threshold value 1080 MPa) for two basic concepts of support frames. The fatigue strength based on the calculation of the mean and alternating stresses corresponding to normo- and hypertensive states based on the Goodman diagrams, did not reveal any evidence that the threshold values (destruction area after 200 million cycles) were exceeded. The hydrodynamic characteristics of working prototypes made on the basis of computer models correspond to the testing data of CoreValve™ clinical bioprosthesis: the effective orifice area was 1.97 cm2, the mean transprosthetic gradient was 8.9 mm Hg, the regurgitant volume was 2.2–4.1 mL per cycle depending on the prototype model.

Conclusion. Generally, experiments carried out showed the consistency of the concepts, including from the point of view of implementation of the leaflet apparatus based on xenogeneic tissues treated with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
Florence Nightingale: Legacy, present and perspectives in COVID-19 pandemic times
Authors: Breigeiron Márcia Koja , Vaccari Alessandra , Ribeiro Sofia Panato
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: Reflect on the influence of Florence Nightingale’s teachings to face the COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions for the future of the profession. Methods: Descriptive reflective study, carried out between May and July 2020, through narrative review on the theme and debates between the authors. Results: The findings are divided into two chapters, namely: Environmental Theory and the teachings of Florence Nightingale in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic; and Florence Nightingale: legacy, present and perspectives. Final considerations: Florence Nightingale’s studies with the Environmentalist Theory and her teachings as a nurse are still valid, even after almost two centuries since her prelude, and should continue to serve as a foundation for the consolidation of the nursing profession.
Taxa de juros, preferência pela liquidez e fundos de empréstimo: uma análise crítica das tentativas de demonstração da equivalência entre a teorias dos fundos de empréstimos e de preferência pela liquidez
Authors: OREIRO JOSÉ LUÍS
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta as tentativas de demonstrar a equivalência entre fundos de empréstimo e teorias de taxa de juros sobre preferências pela liquidez feitas por Hicks, Lerner, Tsiang e Patinkin, a fim de mostrar que essas tentativas não foram bem-sucedidas. Isso ocorre porque essas tentativas começaram com concepções erradas sobre quais são as questões em discussão no debate entre fundos de empréstimo e teorias de preferências pela liquidez ou porque elas deturparam uma ou outra das duas teorias. De fato, as tentativas de Hicks e Patinkin desconsideram o fato de que o essencial neste debate foi o mecanismo pelo qual as decisões de poupança e investimento influenciam na determinação da taxa de juros. Por outro lado, as tentativas de Lerner e Tsiang deturpam a relação entre poupança e investimento e o motivo financeiro da demanda por dinheiro que é suposto pelas duas teorias.
Determinismo e livre arbítrio nas ciências sociais: contributos matemáticos
Authors: LOUÇÃ FRANCISCO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O artigo examina algumas das críticas poderosas desenvolvidas contra o paradigma do equilíbrio geral, em particular aquelas que foram apresentadas do ponto de vista de novas ideias da matemática e da física. Maxwell, Duhem, Poincaré, Hurst e Mandelbrot, como muitos outros, contrastaram o universo da simplicidade - a base do teorema do limite central e a maior parte da inferência estatística tradicional - com o universo da complexidade organizada, argumentando que a auto-poiese e a coordenação são realmente características gerais de nossos sistemas físicos ou sociais. O impacto dessas discussões em economia é apresentado, pois algumas críticas à teoria do equilíbrio geral e, em particular, ao programa da Comissão Cowles emergiram dessa intuição sobre a complexidade: Sims, Granger, Wold, Hendry e outros economistas, estatísticos ou matemáticos expressaram suas reservas em relação à tradição e cultura ortodoxas em nossa ciência. As estratégias heterodoxas atuais são discutidas na última parte do artigo.
Business Governance in Brazil and South Africa: How Much Convergence to The Anglo-Saxon Model?
Authors: GOLDSTEIN ANDREA E.
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The effect of globalization on national economic and political strategies is a central theme in policy analysis. At the core of this debate is business governance, interpreted in this paper in a wide sense as the laws, rules, and routines that govern large-scale corporations. Conventional wisdom has it that cross-national patterns of business governance are converging on the so-called Anglo-Saxon, capital-market driven model. In this paper I analyze recent changes in Brazil and South Africa, to conclude that models of business governance should be seen jointly with the institutional underpinnings of the economy. These include legal traditions that are unlikely to undergo rapid changes, other institutional features directly related to the ways in which first compete in the global economy, and the mechanisms through which social actors resist changes adverse to their interests.
Reconhecimento social da moeda: observações sobre a inflação e a estabilização de preços no Brasil
Authors: MOLLO MARIA DE LOURDES R. , SAAD FILHO ALFREDO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Este artigo trata de dois aspectos da inflação: conflito distributivo e o papel do dinheiro extra. Nesse contexto, o artigo discute algumas características do processo inflacionário no Brasil, dificuldades de reprodução da moeda durante o processo inflacionário e quais foram os aspectos que foram resolvidos pelo Plano Real. Por fim, são abordadas as perspectivas do Plano Real.
A expansão da pecuária para a Amazônia legal: externalidades espaciais, acesso ao mercado de crédito e intensificação do sistema produtivo
Authors: Freitas Junior Adirson Maciel de , Barros Pedro Henrique Batista de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este trabalho analisa a distribuição espacial do rebanho bovino nas microrregiões brasileiras entre 1995 e 2016, com enfoque especial na Amazônia Legal. A partir de uma análise espacial com dados em painel, a taxa de crescimento do rebanho se mostrou entre 5,6% a 15,68% mais elevada na Amazônia Legal, enquanto o crescimento da densidade bovina (rebanho por km²) foi superior em 11,11% a 21,47%, indicando uma possível intensificação da produção na região. Além disso, verificou-se uma desconcentração regional da pecuária brasileira, em especial devido à presença de externalidades espaciais positivas que auxiliaram no espraiamento do rebanho. O acesso ao crédito pecuário também se mostrou importante para explicar esse crescimento ao gerar forças de atração e propulsão para a produção. De maneira específica, a produtividade dos insumos utilizados na nutrição bovina (soja, milho e cana-de-açúcar) auxiliou no crescimento da densidade bovina, mas não do rebanho, corroborando sua relação com a intensificação da produção.
Avaliação de políticas de combate à pobreza no Brasil: aplicação do método de Controle Sintético Generalizado para o Fecop no Ceará
Authors: Silva Vitor Hugo Miro C. , Mariano Francisca Zilânia , Campêlo Guaracyane Lima , França Natália Cecilia de , França João Mário Santos de , Firmiano Marília Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar o impacto da criação do Fundo Estadual de Combate à Pobreza (FECOP), em 2003, sobre indicadores de pobreza no Ceará. A aplicação empírica diferencia-se pelo uso do método de Controle Sintético Generalizado, recentemente desenvolvido por Xu (2017). Com dados em nível estadual para o período de 1981 a 2014, os resultados indicam um impacto estatisticamente significativo do FECOP sobre a redução da pobreza e extrema pobreza no Ceará a partir de 2008. Adicionalmente, realizou-se uma análise comparativa dos estados utilizados na simulação do controle sintético com o Ceará, no que diz respeito ao número e valor total de benefícios do Programa Bolsa Família. O intuito é apresentar evidências de que os efeitos encontrados não estão sendo afetados pelos repasses do programa federal.
Demand-led growth and functional income distribution in Brazil from 1952 to 2017
Authors: Avritzer Joana David , Freitas Fabio Neves Perácio de , Braga Julia De Medeiros
Published: July 2021

Abstract This work aims to investigate the effect of changes in functional income distribution on growth in Brazil from 1952 to 2017. Following the neo-Kaleckian and Supermultiplier growth and distribution theories, it is possible to obtain two types of such effects. First, a level effect, predicted by both models, establishes a direct relationship of the wage share on the level of output through changes in the components of aggregate demand. Secondly, a growth effect occurs only in the neo-Kaleckian models and is the causal relationship between the wage share and output growth through the rate of capital accumulation. We analyzed the presence of these two effects in the empirical literature and found no evidence of a long run growth regime through capital accumulation as would be expected in the neo-Kaleckian model. However, we find empirical evidence that investment is an induced component of demand as is expected in the Supermultiplier model.
Dinâmica da polarização da oferta de trabalho familiar no Brasil urbano
Authors: Brito Danyella Juliana Martins de , Oliveira Ana Maria Hermeto Camilo de
Published: July 2021

Resumo O artigo explora diferentes dimensões da oferta de trabalho familiar no Brasil em sua relação com as mudanças dos arranjos familiares. Especificamente, a dinâmica da polarização da oferta de trabalho familiar entre 1993 e 2015 no Brasil urbano é investigada utilizando os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD). São estimados os fatores de risco associados à maior probabilidade individual de viver em uma família sem trabalho a partir de regressões logísticas multinomiais, para as chances de estar numa família em que: nenhum adulto trabalha, ou todos os adultos trabalham, ou somente uma fração dos adultos trabalha. Os resultados apontam que a composição das famílias é determinante na complexidade dos agregados familiares sem trabalho, estando as razões de dependência infantil e de idosos das famílias diretamente relacionadas com riscos crescentes de estar numa família sem trabalho ao longo dos anos, sobretudo para as mulheres.
Crescimento e mudança demográfica: uma aplicação do modelo de Goodwin para países da OCDE (1960-2010)
Authors: Silva Daniel Nogueira , Morrone Henrique
Published: July 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a aderência empírica do modelo de Goodwin (1967) quando se incorpora a esse modelo um sistema de seguridade social caracterizada por uma alíquota homogênea de imposto previdenciária exogenamente determinada e níveis de pensão individuais ajustáveis para um determinando número de aposentados. A análise empírica é aplicada para um conjunto de economias desenvolvidas e abrange o período de 1960 a 2010. Com base nos dados e na metodologia econométrica utilizada, os resultados encontrados apontam para um melhor ajustamento empírico do modelo de Goodwin (1967), indicando que o envelhecimento populacional pode afetar os ciclos econômicos via sistema de seguridade social.
Recursos humanos e eficiência: um estudo em hospitais brasileiros de pequeno porte
Authors: Rodrigues Júnia Marçal , Barbosa Allan Claudius Queiroz
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo verificou em que medida a Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) contribui para o desempenho de hospitais de pequeno porte brasileiros na perspectiva da eficiência. A revisão de literatura tratou da eficiência para avaliar o desempenho hospitalar mensurando a contribuição de Recursos Humanos (RH) em organizações industriais e de saúde. O percurso metodológico utilizou Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) numa amostra de 702 hospitais a partir de dados secundários oriundos de levantamento censitário com 2.777 hospitais de pequeno porte. A hipótese central do estudo, de que a GRH contribui para a eficiência de hospitais, foi confirmada pelos resultados, considerando que essa foi a variável com maior necessidade de incremento para melhoria da eficiência dos hospitais de pequeno porte. Outras variáveis também mostraram-se relevantes no contexto da eficiência hospitalar, tais como a influência das particularidades quanto ao porte (número de leitos), a natureza jurídica das instituições e a distribuição regional.
PERCEIVED STRESS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AMONG UNDERGRADUATE HEALTH STUDENTS
Authors: Morais Bruna Xavier , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Pedro Cecília Mariane Pinheiro , Bresolin Julia Zancan , Andolhe Rafaela , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the association between the presence of perceived stress and reports of musculoskeletal pain among undergraduate health students. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with undergraduate health students (Nursing, Pharmacy, Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Occupational Therapy, and Dentistry) in a public university of southern Brazil. Data collection took place in the period from April to June 2017. An instrument with sociodemographic, habits, health profile, and academic variables was used; as well as the Brazilian version of the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the analysis. Results: a total of 792 students took part in the study. The students with a high stress level presented more chances for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables “not having time for leisure” and “sometimes having time for leisure” presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral column region (OR=2.92; 95% CI=1.30-6.55), upper limbs (OR=3.27; 95% CI=1.80-5.92) and lower limbs (OR=3.10; 95% CI=1.81-5.29). The variables “not having time for leisure” and “sometimes having time for leisure” presented higher chances of pain in the vertebral (OR=3.11; 95% CI=1.84-5.25), Occupational Therapy (OR=2.57; IC95%=1,51-4,38) and Physiotherapy (OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.00-3.31) and being overweight (OR=1.59; 95% CI=1.09-2.31) presented higher chances of pain in the lower limbs. Conclusion: the association between perceived stress and the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain among the students was evidenced, revealing the importance of implementing programs aiming at the students’ health.
Fatores associados à intenção de carreira na atenção primária à saúde entre estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Miranda Camila Zamban de , Santos Frantchesca Fripp dos , Pertile Karina Cenci , Costa Simone de Melo , Caldeira Antônio Prates , Barbosa Mariane Silveira
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Health assistance reorganization has been oriented, since the Unified Health System (SUS) creation, by a proposal of expansion and strengthening of Primary Health Care (PHC). In this context, the scarcity of trained professionals is considered one of the main challenges for PHC consolidation. Among the career options after graduation, most physicians choose to seek focal specializations to work in other health care levels. Objective: Therefore, this quantitative study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of medical students’ interest in following a career in PHC. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with medical students attending the last two years in four medical schools in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 524 students participated by answering a self-administered questionnaire, which was prepared by the authors, including questions regarding sociodemographic and economic profile, interaction with PHC during undergraduate school, career intention and intention to attend the Family and Community Medicine Residency (FCMR) program. Results: The results showed that 26.3% of the respondents indicated interest in following a career in PHC, a higher percentage when compared to previous studies. Regarding PHC being a temporary work choice, 79,3% of the participants indicated that they intend to work in this field after graduation. Ten percent of the students informed they intend to attend the FCMR program. Among the factors associated with the intention to work in PHC, a successful PHC experience during undergraduate school stands out. Conclusion: The results should be taken into consideration by health and medical education managers, fostering strategies that promote successful PHC experiences, encouraging learning-service integration and including students in a consolidated PHC network during undergraduate school. Initiatives such as increasing the workload in PHC during undergraduate school, increasing the number of FMC specialized teachers and health network improvement in the municipalities where these Higher Education Institutions are located can be powerful actions toward increasing the graduating students’ interest to work in PHC.