bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The HKT1 Na
+
transporter protects plant fertility by decreasing Na
+
content in stamen filaments
Authors: Uchiyama Takeshi , Saito Shunya , Yamanashi Taro , Kato Megumi , Takebayashi Kosuke , Hamamoto Shin , Tsujii Masaru , Takagi Tomoko , Nagata Noriko , Ikeda Hayato , Kikunaga Hidetoshi , Suda Toshimi , Toyama Sho , Miwa Misako , Matsuyama Shigeo , Seo Mitsunori , Horie Tomoaki , Kuromori Takashi , Yamagami Mutsumi , Ishimaru Yasuhiro , Uozumi Nobuyuki
Published: June 2023

Salinity stress can greatly reduce seed production because plants are especially sensitive to salt during their reproductive stage. Here, we show that the sodium ion transporter AtHKT1;1 is specifically expressed around the phloem and xylem of the stamen in
Arabidopsis thaliana
to prevent a marked decrease in seed production caused by salt stress. The stamens of AtHKT1;1 mutant under salt stress overaccumulate Na
+
, limiting their elongation and resulting in male sterility. Specifically restricting
AtHKT1;1
expression to the phloem leads to a 1.5-fold increase in the seed yield upon sodium ion stress. Expanding phloem expression of AtHKT1;1 throughout the entire plant is a promising strategy for increasing plant productivity under salinity stress.
A bacterial tungsten-containing aldehyde oxidoreductase forms an enzymatic decorated protein nanowire
Authors: Winiarska Agnieszka , Ramírez-Amador Fidel , Hege Dominik , Gemmecker Yvonne , Prinz Simone , Hochberg Georg , Heider Johann , Szaleniec Maciej , Schuller Jan Michael
Published: June 2023

Aldehyde oxidoreductases (AORs) are tungsten enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of many different aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids. In contrast to other known AORs, the enzyme from the denitrifying betaproteobacterium
Aromatoleum aromaticum
(AOR
Aa
) consists of three different subunits (AorABC) and uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as an electron acceptor. Here, we reveal that the enzyme forms filaments of repeating AorAB protomers that are capped by a single NAD-binding AorC subunit, based on solving its structure via cryo–electron microscopy. The polyferredoxin-like subunit AorA oligomerizes to an electron-conducting nanowire that is decorated with enzymatically active and W-cofactor (W-co) containing AorB subunits. Our structure further reveals the binding mode of the native substrate benzoate in the AorB active site. This, together with quantum mechanics:molecular mechanics (QM:MM)–based modeling for the coordination of the W-co, enables formulation of a hypothetical catalytic mechanism that paves the way to further engineering for applications in synthetic biology and biotechnology.
Freshwater and anadromous fishing in Ice Age Beringia
Authors: Potter Ben A. , Halffman Carrin M. , McKinney Holly J. , Reuther Joshua D. , Finney Bruce P. , Lanoë François B. , López J. Andrés , Holmes Charles E. , Palmer Erica , Capps Marie , Kemp Brian M.
Published: June 2023

While freshwater and anadromous fish have been critical economic resources for late prehistoric and modern Native Americans, the origin and development of fishing is not well understood. We document the earliest known human use of freshwater and anadromous fish in North America by 13,000 and 11,800 years ago, respectively, from primary anthropogenic contexts in central Alaska (eastern Beringia). Fish use appears conditioned by broad climatic factors, as all occurrences but one are within the Younger Dryas chronozone. Earlier Bølling-Allerød and later early Holocene components, while exhibiting similar organic preservation, did not yield evidence of fishing, suggesting that this was a response to changing environmental factors, perhaps reductions in higher ranked resources such as large terrestrial mammals. Late Pleistocene and recent Indigenous peoples harvested similar fish taxa in the region (salmon, burbot, whitefish, and pike). We characterize late Pleistocene fishing in interior Beringia as an important element of broad-spectrum foraging rather than the intensive communal fishing and storage common among recent peoples.
Widespread posttranscriptional regulation of cotransmission
Authors: Chen Nannan , Zhang Yunpeng , Rivera-Rodriguez Emmanuel J. , Yu Albert D. , Hobin Michael , Rosbash Michael , Griffith Leslie C.
Published: June 2023

While neurotransmitter identity was once considered singular and immutable for mature neurons, it is now appreciated that one neuron can release multiple neuroactive substances (cotransmission) whose identities can even change over time. To explore the mechanisms that tune the suite of transmitters a neuron releases, we developed transcriptional and translational reporters for cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling in
Drosophila
. We show that many glutamatergic and GABAergic cells also transcribe cholinergic genes, but fail to accumulate cholinergic effector proteins. Suppression of cholinergic signaling involves posttranscriptional regulation of cholinergic transcripts by the microRNA miR-190; chronic loss of miR-190 function allows expression of cholinergic machinery, reducing and fragmenting sleep. Using a “translation-trap” strategy, we show that neurons in these populations have episodes of transient translation of cholinergic proteins, demonstrating that suppression of cotransmission is actively modulated. Posttranscriptional restriction of fast transmitter cotransmission provides a mechanism allowing reversible tuning of neuronal output.
Group A
Streptococcus
induces CD1a-autoreactive T cells and promotes psoriatic inflammation
Authors: Chen Yi-Ling , Ng Jessica Soo Weei , Ottakandathil Babu Rosana , Woo Jeongmin , Nahler Janina , Hardman Clare S. , Kurupati Prathiba , Nussbaum Lea , Gao Fei , Dong Tao , Ladell Kristin , Price David A. , Duncan David A. , Johnson David , Gileadi Uzi , Koohy Hashem , Ogg Graham S.
Published: June 2023

Group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) infection is associated with multiple clinical sequelae, including different subtypes of psoriasis. Such post-streptococcal disorders have been long known but are largely unexplained. CD1a is expressed at constitutively high levels by Langerhans cells and presents lipid antigens to T cells, but the potential relevance to GAS infection has not been studied. Here, we investigated whether GAS-responsive CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Healthy individuals had high frequencies of circulating and cutaneous GAS-responsive CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells with rapid effector functions, including the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22). Human skin and blood single-cell CITE-seq analyses of IL-22–producing T cells showed a type 17 signature with proliferative potential, whereas IFN-γ–producing T cells displayed cytotoxic T lymphocyte characteristics. Furthermore, individuals with psoriasis had significantly higher frequencies of circulating GAS-reactive T cells, enriched for markers of activation, cytolytic potential, and tissue association. In addition to responding to GAS, subsets of expanded GAS-reactive T cell clones/lines were found to be autoreactive, which included the recognition of the self-lipid antigen lysophosphatidylcholine. CD8
+
T cell clones/lines produced cytolytic mediators and lysed infected CD1a-expressing cells. Furthermore, we established cutaneous models of GAS infection in a humanized CD1a transgenic mouse model and identified enhanced and prolonged local and systemic inflammation, with resolution through a psoriasis-like phenotype. Together, these findings link GAS infection to the CD1a pathway and show that GAS infection promotes the proliferation and activation of CD1a-autoreactive T cells, with relevance to post-streptococcal disease, including the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis.
Strain shadow “megapores” in mid-crustal ultramylonites
Authors: Fusseis Florian , Allsop Craig , Gilgannon James , Schrank Christoph , Harley Simon , Schlepütz Christian M.
Published: June 2023

Mylonitic shear zones are important fluid conduits in the Earth’s crust. They host transient and permeable porosity that facilitates fluid transfer and controls fluid-rock interaction. Here we present microstructural observations from a mid-crustal ultramylonite with very large pores that occupy the strain shadows of albite porphyroclasts. Our non-invasive three-dimensional X-ray microtomographic data show that the largest of these strain shadow megapores have substantial volumes of as much as ∼1.7 × 105 µm3. Given that the sample shows no signs of retrogressive overprint or weathering, these pores must be synkinematic. Importantly, the close proximity of the pores to creep cavities in dynamically recrystallized quartz ribbon grains suggests a potential hydraulic link between fluid in the strain shadow megapores and fluid in the creeping rock matrix. The evolving megapores constitute very large syndeformational local fluid reservoirs in mylonites that likely fed into the granular fluid pump established by the dynamically evolving creep cavities. Our findings add to an emerging picture of the dynamic transport properties of ultramylonitic shear zones, where the formation and destruction of porosity are intrinsically linked to microscale deformation processes. They also suggest that despite many studies on porphyroclast systems, open questions remain, especially concerning the interaction of clasts with their matrix.
Valanginian climate cooling and environmental change driven by Paraná-Etendeka basalt erosion
Authors: Percival L.M.E. , Ownsworth E. , Robinson S.A. , Selby D. , Goderis S. , Claeys P.
Published: June 2023

The Valanginian Weissert Event (ca. 134 Ma) has long been linked to emplacement of the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province (LIP). Although several Mesozoic crises were triggered by volcanic CO2 emissions and global warming, causing oceanic oxygen depletion, the Weissert Event featured climate cooling and limited marine anoxia. Here, the impact of silicate weathering on environmental change during the Weissert Event is investigated by presenting the first osmium isotope (187Os/188Os) data sets for the late Berriasian–Valanginian interval. These records document a possible rise in weathering and nutrient runoff during the latest Berriasian, followed by a switch to Paraná-Etendeka basalt erosion during the Valanginian. The high weatherability of LIP basalts enhanced global silicate weathering despite limited coeval climate warming. This weathering triggered the documented cooling, with consequent micronutrient runoff potentially aiding ocean fertilization, highlighting a mechanism linking LIP formation with environmental change that was uniquely different than that of other Mesozoic crises.
Supplemental Material: Along-strike seismotectonic segmentation reflecting megathrust seismogenic behavior
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , al. et
Published: June 2023

Additional text, three figures, and a table in a single file supporting the lines of argumentation in the main manuscript.  
Five-year results of atropine 0.01% efficacy in the myopia control in a European population
Authors: Moriche-Carretero Manuel , Revilla-Amores Remedios , Gutiérrez-Blanco Ana , Moreno-Morillo Francisco Javier , Martinez-Perez Clara , Sánchez-Tena Miguel Ángel , Alvarez-Peregrina Cristina
Published: June 2023

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.01% atropine eye-drops in controlling myopia progression over 5 years.

Methods

Experimental, analytical, prospective, randomised and longitudinal study, in 361 right eyes from 361 children randomised into the control group (177 eyes without treatment) and treatment group (184 eyes with 0.01% atropine eye-drops). Children assigned to the treatment group used 0.01% atropine once a day every night and the control group’s children did not use any treatment or placebo. All the subjects completed an eye examination every 6 months for the 5 years of follow-up. The examination included subjective and objective refraction with cycloplegia, axial length (AL), keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD) to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. It also included the anterior and posterior pole examination to evaluate the safety of the treatment.

Results

The SE increased −0.63±0.42D in children after 5 years of treatment with 0.01% atropine, while in the control group the increase was −0.92±0.56D. AL increased 0.26±0.28 mm in the treatment group compared with 0.49±0.34 mm in the control group. Atropine 0.01% showed an efficacy of 31.5% and 46.9% in the control of the SE and AL increase, respectively. ACD and keratometry did not have significant changes between groups.

Conclusions

Atropine 0.01% is effective in slowing myopia progression in a European population. There were no side effects after 5 years of 0.01% atropine.
Gene–environment interaction: why genetic enhancement might never be distributed fairly
Authors: Prince Sinead
Published: June 2023

Ethical debates around genetic enhancement tend to include an argument that the technology will eventually be fairly accessible once available. That we can fairly distribute genetic enhancement has become a moral defence of genetic enhancement. Two distribution solutions are argued for, the first being equal distribution. Equality of access is generally believed to be the fairest and most just method of distribution. Second, equitable distribution: providing genetic enhancements to reduce social inequalities. In this paper, I make two claims. I first argue that the very assumption that genetic enhancements can be distributed fairly is problematic when considering our understanding of gene–environment interactions, for example, epigenetics. I then argue that arguments that genetic enhancements are permissible because the intended benefits can be distributed fairly as intended are misinformed. My first claim rests on the assertion that genetic enhancements do not enhance traits in a vacuum; genes are dependent on conducive environments for expression. If society cannot guarantee fair environments, then any benefit conferred from being genetically enhanced will be undermined. Thus, any argument that the distribution of genetic enhancements will be fair and that the technology is therefore morally permissible, is mistaken.
Fish length, diet, and depth drive Anisakis levels in a zooplankton-feeding fish
Authors: Cresson Pierre , Bourgau Odile , Cordier Remy , Couvreur Clémence , Rouquette Manuel , Gay Mélanie
Published: June 2023

Parasites play a key but overlooked role in the functioning of marine systems. Understanding the drivers of parasite infection in fish is thus crucial. Anisakis levels in the Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus resulted from both biotic and environmental drivers. Ontogenic variation of the diet was the first driver of Anisakis level. The nonlinear pattern confirmed that the variation in parasitism was related to ontogenetic dietary shifts. The impact of depth on diet also explained the effect of depth on parasites. In deeper areas, fish only access pelagic prey, where Anisakis presence is high, consistent with the pelagic nature of the parasite. Finally, relative proportions of parasitic burden by tissue appeared to be driven by lipid content. In lipid-rich species like T. trachurus, Anisakis can find favorable conditions in the body cavity and in muscle and avoid the liver. Parasitism levels in fish are thus the result of patterns at play at different levels, and these factors should be better considered before being able to include parasites in an integrated vision of marine ecosystem functioning.
Variable synchrony in insect outbreak cycling across a forest landscape gradient: multi-scale evidence from trembling aspen in Alberta
Authors: Cooke Barry J. , Roland Jens
Published: June 2023

Using multi-scale trembling aspen tree-ring width data from Alberta, we show that scaling has a profound influence on dendroecological inferencing. At all scales of sampling, there is a significant climatological signal whose strength is nevertheless superseded by the pervasive effect of insect herbivory. At the smallest spatial scale, 20 km × 20 km, we demonstrate a quasi-periodic pattern of sharp growth reductions and the existence of negative spatial correlations among successive outbreaks. At the intermediate spatial scale of 20 km × 80 km, we show that the period 1930–1963 was marked by extremely low correlations in aspen ring widths, with much higher correlations occurring both before and after, despite high variance in precipitation that might have caused ring widths to correlate under moisture limitation. At the largest spatial scale of the entire province, aspen ring widths in the boreal forest became decorrelated abruptly in 1916, after cycling synchronously for the previous 80 years. This occurred despite a warming climate that heightened moisture limitation. Something in the environment prevents some outbreak cycles from rising to maximum intensity and from spreading to maximum extent. This appears to be the key to better predictability and management of forest insects and forests at short and long time-scales.
Potential selection and maintenance of manure-originated multi-drug resistant plasmids at sub-clinical concentrations for tetracycline family antibiotics
Authors: Tran Tam T. , Cole Marlena , Tomas Emily , Scott Andrew , Topp Edward
Published: June 2023

The goal of this study was to (a) determine the minimum selection concentrations of tetracycline family antibiotics necessary to maintain plasmids carrying tetracycline-resistant genes and (b) correlate these results to environmental hotspot concentrations reported in previous studies. This study used two plasmids (pT295A and pT413A) originating from dairy manure in a surrogate Escherichia coli host CV601. The minimum selection concentrations of antibiotics tested in nutrient-rich medium were determined as follows: 0.1 mg/L for oxytetracycline, 0.45 mg/L for chlortetracycline, and 0.13–0.25 mg/L for tetracycline. Mixing oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline had minimum selection concentration values increased 2-fold compared to those in single antibiotic tests. Minimum selection concentrations found in this study were lower than reported environmental hotspot concentrations, suggesting that tetracycline family antibiotics were likely to be the driver for the selection and maintenance of these plasmids. Relatively high plasmid loss rates (>90%) were observed when culturing a strain carrying a tetracycline-resistant plasmid in antibiotic-free nutrient-rich and nutrient-defined media. Overall, results suggested that these plasmids can be maintained at concentrations environmentally relevant in wastewater treatment plants, sewage, manure, and manured soil; however, they are unstable and easily lost in the absence of antibiotics.
Gradient-flowed order parameter for spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking
Authors: Kikuchi Kengo , Nishiwaki Kenji , Oda Kin-ya
Published: June 2023

The gauge-invariant two-point function of the Higgs field at the same spacetime point can make a natural gauge-invariant order parameter for spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. However, this composite operator is ultraviolet divergent and is not well defined. We propose using a gradient flow to cure the divergence from putting the fields at the same spacetime point. As a first step, we compute it for the Abelian Higgs model with a positive mass squared at the one-loop order in the continuum theory using the saddle-point method to estimate the finite part. The order parameter consistently goes to zero in the infrared limit of the infinite flow time.
Strong lensing and shadow of Ayon-Beato–Garcia (ABG) nonsingular black hole
Authors: Ramadhan H. S. , Ishlah M. F. , Pratama F. P. , Alfredo I.
Published: June 2023

We study nonsingular black holes viewed from the point of view of Ayon-Beato–Garcia (ABG) nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) and present a complete study of their corresponding strong gravitational lensing. The NLED modifies the the photon’s geodesic, and our calculations show that such effect increases the corresponding photon sphere radius and image separation, but decreases the magnification. We also show that the ABG’s shadow radius is not compatible with bound estimates of Sgr A* from Keck and VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer). Thus, the possibility of Sgr A* being a nonsingular ABG black hole is ruled out.
Exploring the Multifractality in the Precious Metal Market
Authors: Doğangün Itır , Oral Emrah , Akkartal Erkut , Turegun Nida
Published: June 2023

This study proposes a novel approach to investigating the multifractality of time series using the multifractal cross-correlation detrended moving average analysis (MF-X-DMA). The study demonstrates the behavioral differences of MF-X-DMA in coherent and non-coherent time periods. Due to the lack of a mechanism to capture the dynamical cross-correlation in time series, correlated time series with multifractal structure present a barrier for analysis. The study shows that when the wavelet coherence method is applied to time series, co-movement between time series can be easily captured in certain time intervals, providing an efficient way to find time intervals to apply MF-X-DMA. The study applies the wavelet coherence method to the daily spot prices of gold and platinum from January 1987. It shows that the wavelet coherence method is an excellent engine to extract designated time series in certain frequency and time intervals, eliminating the need for windowing or shuffling methods. Additionally, the study observes a long-term power law cross-correlation using detrended cross-correlation analysis coefficients of inversed series for both low-correlated and high-correlated series. Finally, the findings indicate that MF-X-DMA leads to superior results compared to MF-DFA when provided with highly correlated data.
Gait Recognition Based on Minirocket with Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Yan Jianjun , Xiong Weixiang , Jin Li , Jiang Jinlin , Yang Zhihao , Shi Jiangtao , Hu Shuai
Published: June 2023

Gait recognition is one of the key technologies for exoskeleton robot control. The recognition accuracy and robustness of existing gait recognition methods cannot well meet the needs of real-time control. There is still room for improvement in fine-grained gait recognition. In this regard, this paper proposes a gait recognition method based on the MiniRocket and inertial measurement units. In this paper, a human lower limb posture information collection device is developed to collect ten kinds of gait data of human lower limbs (walking, standing, running, backing off, going upstairs, going downstairs, going uphill, going downhill, stand at ease and squat). The MiniRocket algorithm was used to build a human gait recognition model, and the effects of algorithm parameters and the size of the window and shift on the performance of gait recognition were discussed, and user-independent experiments and user-dependent experiments were carried out, respectively, and compared with four algorithms of TST, TCN, RNN and LSTM. The experimental results show that the MiniRocket algorithm has an average recognition accuracy of 94.87% and 97.67% in the user-independent experiment and the user-dependent experiment, which is better than the other four algorithms. And the effectiveness of the method in the IMUs-based human gait recognition problem is shown, which provides some implications for fine-grained gait recognition.
Fractional order prey–predator model incorporating immigration on prey: Complexity analysis and its control
Authors: Uddin Md. Jasim , Podder Chandra Nath
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the Caputo fractional derivative is assumed to be the prey–predator model. In order to create Caputo fractional differential equations for the prey–predator model, a discretization process is first used. The fixed points of the model are categorized topologically. We identify requirements for the fixed points of the suggested prey–predator model’s local asymptotic stability. We demonstrate analytically that, under specific parametric conditions, a fractional order prey–predator model supports both a Neimark–Sacker (NS) bifurcation and a Flip bifurcation. We present evidence for NS and Flip bifurcations using central manifold and bifurcation theory. The parameter values and the initial conditions have been found to have a profound impact on the dynamical behavior of the fractional order prey–predator model. As the bifurcation parameter is increased, the system displays chaotic behavior. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate chaotic behaviors like bifurcations, phase portraits, invariant closed cycles, and attractive chaotic sets in addition to validating analytical conclusions. The suggested prey–predator dynamical system’s chaotic behavior will be controlled by the OGY and hybrid control methodology, which will also visualize the chaotic state for various biological parameters.
Self-healing effect based on electrolyte/dielectric co-existence characteristic of sol-gel-derived aluminum oxide thin film
Authors: Wang Ya , Su Zhen , Chen Jianwen , Li Zaifang , Yao Manwen , Yao Xi
Published: June 2023

Dielectric capacitors are receiving increasing attention due to the high-power density and fast charge–discharge speed. However, defects are inevitably induced during the preparation process and then weaken the breakdown strength, thereby limiting their energy density. The phenomenon gives rise to self-healing technology. The discovery of sol–gel-derived aluminum oxide with electrolysis and dielectric dual-characteristic provides a novel, simple and cost-effective self-healing method to heal defects and enhance energy density. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the current self-healing technologies and the important progress of electrolysis and dielectric co-existence dielectrics. Finally, we outlook the electrolysis and dielectric co-existence dielectrics and potential challenge.
Microwave dielectric properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics: A clue to its intrinsic dielectric response
Authors: Huang X. , Guo H.X. , Zhu P.S. , Liu L. , Xiao J. , Tang D.P. , Lin C. , Wu X. , Zheng X.H.
Published: June 2023

CaCu3Ti4[Formula: see text] (CCTO) is a potential dielectric material with giant permittivity, good stability over the wide temperature and frequency range. However, the dielectric responses of CCTO-based ceramics are mainly investigated in the frequency of 10 2–106 Hz, which is far low to clarify the intrinsic dielectric feature. So, microwave dielectric properties have been investigated for the CCTO porous ceramics sintered at low temperature ([Formula: see text]1000[Formula: see text]C). Good microwave dielectric properties of permittivity [Formula: see text] = 62.7, quality factor Qf = 3062 GHz and temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] = 179 ppm/[Formula: see text]C are achieved for the CCTO ceramics sintered at 1000[Formula: see text]C, the dielectric loss significantly decreases two orders to 0.002 compared to that of CCTO ceramics sintered at critical temperature of 1020[Formula: see text]C confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This clue indicates that giant permittivity and high loss is not intrinsic for CCTO ceramics, but derives from composition segregation, liquid phase and defects associated with internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC). It suggests that CCTO-based ceramics is a promising microwave dielectric materials with high permittivity.
Performance analysis of photonic crystal fiber structure based on different highly nonlinear materials
Authors: Kiroriwal Monika , Singal Poonam
Published: June 2023

Generally, fiber with a large mode area is desired for fiber laser and beam delivery applications. But the use of these fiber types is restricted to linear optical applications due to the lower value of the nonlinear coefficient. This paper investigates a single material-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with improved optical characteristics, applicable for linear and nonlinear optics. The light propagation in the structure is explored by applying finite element solver-based COMSOL multiphysics software. Five nonlinear optical materials are utilized as background material to get the optimized material with high performance PCF. Using this PCF, the improved optical properties of PCF such as moderate effective mode area of 115.85 [Formula: see text], chromatic dispersion, confinement loss of 10[Formula: see text] dB/m, the nonlinear coefficient of 543W[Formula: see text]Km[Formula: see text], splicing loss of 2.013 dB, and numerical aperture are numerically analyzed. This single-mode PCF also shows the low bending loss for the bending radius of 7[Formula: see text]mm. The amended PCF structure is found to be suitable for high-power fiber laser, supercontinuum generation, wavelength conversion, and slow-light generation.
Predation bias of Ordovician predators on trilobites
Authors: Zong Ruiwen , Fan Ruoying , Gong Yiming
Published: June 2023

Although prey selection has been commonly documented in extant animals, evidence of prey selection in deep time is rare by comparison. Here, we collected 147 broken sclerites of trilobites, almost all of which were caused by lethal predation, from the Upper Ordovician in NW China. The damage was mainly distributed in three larger trilobites (
Platyptychopyge
,
Birmanites
and
Ordosaspis
), and larger-bodied trilobites were more vulnerable to predation. One plausible explanation is that Late Ordovician predators in this area preferred larger trilobites, because of the greater nutrients and energy provided by larger prey; also, larger prey require less effort to capture because they are less capable of escaping from predation compared with smaller prey, which can more easily hide or escape. Another, lower possibility is survivor bias owing to smaller prey being completely eaten up. Moreover, the large-eyed trilobite
Nileus
, which has a similar size and morphology to
Ordosaspis
, had a theoretical preying rate less than 1/20 of that of
Ordosaspis
, indicating that the eye is an important sensory organ in trilobites. The increased predation pressure may have also contributed to the increased eye diversity and visual system resolution of trilobites since the Ordovician.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary figures and tables are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6670609

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Chemical Evolution of the Mid-Paleozoic Earth System and Biotic Response collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/chemical-evolution-of-the-mid-paleozoic-earth-system
Genome-Enabled Insights into Downy Mildew Biology and Evolution
Authors: Fletcher Kyle , Michelmore Richard
Published: June 2023

Oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases are highly specialized, obligately biotrophic phytopathogens that can have major impacts on agriculture and natural ecosystems. Deciphering the genome sequence of these organisms provides foundational tools to study and deploy control strategies against downy mildew pathogens (DMPs). The recent telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the DMP Peronospora effusa revealed high levels of synteny with distantly related DMPs, higher than expected repeat content, and previously undescribed architectures. This provides a road map for generating similar high-quality genome assemblies for other oomycetes. This review discusses biological insights made using this and other assemblies, including ancestral chromosome architecture, modes of sexual and asexual variation, the occurrence of heterokaryosis, candidate gene identification, functional validation, and population dynamics. We also discuss future avenues of research likely to be fruitful in studies of DMPs and highlight resources necessary for advancing our understanding and ability to forecast and control disease outbreaks.
Characterization of Oxygen and Ion Mass Transport Resistance in Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers in Gas Diffusion Electrode Setups
Authors: Lauf Pascal , Lloret Vicent , Geuß Moritz , Collados Carlos Cuadrado , Thommes Matthias , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Ehelebe Konrad , Cherevko Serhiy
Published: June 2023

Fuel cell catalyst layers contain an essential active catalyst, a support material for electron conductivity, ionomer for proton conductivity, and porosity for gas transport, which build up complex interfaces that determine the overall performance. Subtle variations in the processing of the catalyst layers can significantly alter the performance, which demands intensive research efforts, and requires considerable amount of time. In the last few years, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) half-cell setups have been introduced as a promising approach to speed up catalyst layer evaluation. Yet, advanced methods to thoroughly characterize transport phenomena within the catalyst layer have not been established for GDE half-cell setups. In the present work, we adapt electrochemical characterization methods, such asO2transport resistanceandCO-displacement, which have been previously developed for single cell testing, to enable unique insights into catalyst layers’ structure-performance relationships with the GDE method. Utilizing a commercial Pt/Vulcan catalyst as a test system, we identify the cause of mass transport limitations due to different ionomer contents. We show that an intermediate I/C ratio of 0.70, which forms a thin layer of ionomer, leads to an optimal performance for the Vulcan carbon support, due to an optimal compromise between O2and proton accessibility.
Molarity Influenced Interesting Electrochromic Optical Modulation Peak Shift in Nebulized Spray Deposited Mn3O4 Films
Authors: Vignesh R. , Sivakumar R. , Slimani Y. , Sanjeeviraja C.
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report the investigations on the electrochromic properties of nebulized-spray deposited Mn3O4 thin films in Na2SO4 aqueous solution as a function of molar concentration, for the first time. Phase analysis reveals that the films possess a tetragonal structure. From the Raman study, strong Mn2+ breathing vibration (in Mn–O) occurred in tetrahedral sites (of spinel Mn3O4). At 0.02 M, the film surface is covered with very-tiny particles with 84% highest optical transparency average. Both transmittance and absorbance related properties of electrochromic states are consider here, while introducing the notions of transmittance modulation (ΔT), absorbance modulation (ΔA), transmittance modulation efficiency (TME) and absorbance modulation efficiency (AME (or) coloration efficiency). When the concentration increases, the red shift was occurred at highest peaks of ΔT, ΔA, TME and AME with respect to the decrease in optical band gap. The maximum AME and TME of 25.064 cm2 C−1 (at 369.1 nm) and 17.542 cm2 C−1 (at 438.6 nm) were obtained for prepared samples. After the 100th cycle, the average AME (and TME) values in the UV and visible regions are decreases from 18.910 to 2.783 cm2 C−1 (2.884 to 1.060 cm2 C−1) and from 11.089 to 4.772 cm2 C−1 (11.346 to 4.684 cm2 C−1), respectively, indicating that the film is electrochromically active in the visible region even after the 100th cycle.
Prevalence of Preeclampsia and Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Attending Mothers at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfahun Esubalew , Tadesse Selam , Hailu Awraris , Minda Abebe , Ekubay Meseret , Tariku Behailu , Dagnaw Abinet
Published: June 2023

Background. Hypertensive condition during the pregnancy of the mother that usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation age is clinically considered preeclampsia. This health problem of pregnant mothers can lead to various complications for both the mother and the baby. But the risk factors for preeclampsia have not been well documented. Therefore, availing up-to-date information on the prevalence and associated factors of preeclampsia is essential for its early identification and management. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of preeclampsia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC). Methods. Cross-sectional study design was used from March 1, 2022, to March 30, 2022, among 235 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital (TBGH) from March 1, 2022 March 30, 2022, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was employed to get study participants from antenatal care attendants. Data were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The presence of statistical association was determined using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Variables with

P

values less than 0.05 were considered statically significant. Result. A total of 235 participants were enrolled in the study with a 99.1% response rate. The prevalence of preeclampsia among the current pregnant women who attended ANC in Tirunesh Beijing General Hospital was 5.5% with 95% CI (AOR = 1.3–10.0). Significant variables such as respondents age >35 years, 2.1 (AOR = 1.3–3.4), history of preeclampsia 8.5 (AOR = 1.2–10.3), history of hypertension 2.9 (AOR = 3.0–7.3), ANC visit <3 times 8.5 (AOR = 3.1–13.4), and family history of hypertension 2.2 (AOR = 1.24.3) were significantly associated with preeclampsia. Conclusion. A considerable proportion of pregnant women were experiencing preeclampsia. History of preeclampsia and hypertension, family history of hypertension, and maternal age were associated factors of preeclampsia. Therefore, health professionals working in health institutions give more attention to controlling hypertension during antenatal service.
Accumulation and Diffusion of PM from Outdoor to Indoor by Clothing under Haze Conditions: A Case Study of Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Li Ruixin , Ma Yuxin , Chen Jiacong , Bantserova Olga L. , Zhu Jiayin , Guo Yabin , Chen Yu
Published: June 2023

Clothing can absorb fine particulate pollutants from the atmosphere outdoors and then release them after entering the room in a form similar to three-handed smoke. In this study, the experimental site in Zhengzhou, a typical city with heavy pollution in central China, was used to investigate the adsorption and diffusion patterns of three different fabrics of polyester, polyester-cotton, and cotton clothing for fine particle pollutants, to guide people’s behavior patterns and indoor air distribution, and to reduce indoor pollution exposure. The results showed that when garments of three different fabrics were exposed to moderate and heavy PM2.5 pollution for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h, respectively, and then transferred to the diffusion chamber, polyester always released the highest PM2.5 concentration to indoor air during the same release cycle, followed by cotton and polyester-cotton. In addition, the concentration of indoor air pollutants will be periodically affected by the diffusion of fine particulate adsorbed by clothing fabrics. With the increase in outdoor pollution and exposure duration, the indoor PM2.5 concentration takes longer to stabilize at certain levels after the clothing is transferred to the indoor side. Finally, the comparison of natural ventilation experiments proved that it is not feasible to rely solely on natural ventilation to improve the influence of clothing pollution sources on indoor air quality.
Frequency and Functional Characterization of RUNX1 Germline Variants in Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Nitschke Nikolaj Juul , Almosailleakh Marwa , Niu Yiyuan , Hansen Jakob Werner , Raaschou-Jensen Klas , Jespersen Jakob Schmidt , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Roug Anne Stidsholt , Frödin Morten , Weischenfeldt Joachim Lütken , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Grønbæk Kirsten
Published: June 2023

Current estimates suggest that up to 10% of patients with myeloid neoplasms (MN) harbor variants associated with a germline predisposition. A pathogenic variant in the runt-related transcription factor 1 gene (RUNX1) is a frequent cause of germline predisposition to MN. RUNX1 variants detected in tumor tissue at a VAF close to 50% are potentially germline and causative of RUNX1 familial platelet disorder with associated myeloid malignancies. Previous studies have found germline RUNX1 variants in 3% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia; however, the frequency of germline RUNX1 variants in less advanced myeloid neoplasms has not been examined. We screened 590 patients suspected of MN, excluding myeloproliferative neoplasms, for germline variants in RUNX1. We found RUNX1 variants in 83 patients (14%) by targeted sequencing of tumor tissue. In 40 patients (6.8%), the VAF of RUNX1 was above 30%. In 32 of the 40 patients, skin biopsies were available and used for Sanger sequencing to assess the germline status. Two of the tested variants (6.3%) were confirmed as germline, and both variants were curated as variants of unknown significance. To further explore the pathogenicity of these variants, we implemented a novel CRISPR-Select functional genetic assay. The assay demonstrated a profound effect on proliferation in K562 cells for a known pathogenic variant but no effect for the two germline variants detected in the study. We therefore propose that both germline variants are classified as likely benign. In this study, we show that RUNX1 germline variants are rare in Danish patients with MN and use a novel assay for functional classification of germline RUNX1 variants.
Emergence of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase (NDM) Genes Detected from Clinical Strains of Escherichia coli Isolated in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Boukaré , Ouédraogo Henri S. , Zongo Oumarou , Ouédraogo Ganamé Abasse , Tapsoba François , Bougma Sanogo , Zongo Koudbi Jacob , Zeba Boukaré , Traoré Yves , Sanou Idrissa , Savadogo Aly
Published: June 2023

The emergence and spread of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the production of carbapenemases is a global phenomenon. It threatens patient care and leads to therapeutic impasses. This study aims to genotypically determine the prevalence of the most frequent carbapenemase genes among multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from patients at a biomedical analysis laboratory. A total of fifty-three unduplicated E. coli strains isolated from patient samples with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for carbapenem resistance genes. This study allowed us to identify fifteen strains carrying resistance genes among the fifty-three E. coli strains. All fifteen strains produced the metallo-β-lactamase enzymes; this represents a rate of 28.30% of study strains. Among these strains, ten carried the NDM resistance gene, NDM and VIM genes were detected in three strains and VIM was identified in two strains of E. coli. However, carbapenemases A (KPC and IMI), D (OXA-48), and IMP were not detected in the strains studied. Thus, NDM and VIM are the main carbapenemases detected in the strains in our study.
IoMT Meets Machine Learning: From Edge to Cloud Chronic Diseases Diagnosis System
Authors: Nigar Natasha , Jaleel Abdul , Islam Shahid , Shahzad Muhammad Kashif , Affum Emmanuel Ampoma
Published: June 2023

In conventional healthcare, real‐time monitoring of patient records and information mining for timely diagnosis of chronic diseases under certain health conditions is a crucial process. Chronic diseases, if not diagnosed in time, may result in patients’ death. In modern medical and healthcare systems, Internet of Things (IoT) driven ecosystems use autonomous sensors to sense and track patients’ medical conditions and suggest appropriate actions. In this paper, a novel IoT and machine learning (ML)‐based hybrid approach is proposed that considers multiple perspectives for early detection and monitoring of 6 different chronic diseases such as COVID‐19, pneumonia, diabetes, heart disease, brain tumor, and Alzheimer’s. The results from multiple ML models are compared for accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC) as a performance measure. The proposed approach is validated in the cloud‐based environment using benchmark and real‐world datasets. The statistical analyses on the datasets using ANOVA tests show that the accuracy results of different classifiers are significantly different. This will help the healthcare sector and doctors in the early diagnosis of chronic diseases.
Supplementary Table 7 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Progression DMRs
Supplementary Table 6 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Pairwise jsDMRs
Supplementary Table 4 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Pairwise mean-based differentially methylated regions
Supplementary Table 3 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Motif analysis
Supplementary Table 1 from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

WGBS quality control metrics
Supplementary Data from Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Lo Emily K.W. , Mears Brian M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Idrizi Adrian , Hansen Kasper D. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Hruban Ralph H. , Olive Kenneth P. , Feinberg Andrew P.
Published: June 2023

Supplementary figures and captions for supplementary tables
Supplementary figure from ANO1 Reprograms Cholesterol Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Deng Chun-Miao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Liu Qin-Wen , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Liu Zhi-Chao , Yang Jing , Xu Tao-Yang , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Fan , Li Bin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary figures shows Supplementary figures and figure legends
Supplementary Table 9 from ANO1 Reprograms Cholesterol Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Deng Chun-Miao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Liu Qin-Wen , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Liu Zhi-Chao , Yang Jing , Xu Tao-Yang , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Fan , Li Bin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 9 shows Top 30 cytokines upregulated in the CM from fibroblasts cultured with CM-ANO1 compared with CM-CON
Supplementary Table 8 from ANO1 Reprograms Cholesterol Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Deng Chun-Miao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Liu Qin-Wen , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Liu Zhi-Chao , Yang Jing , Xu Tao-Yang , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Fan , Li Bin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 8 shows Cytokines upregulated in the CM from ANO1 overexpressing EC9706 cells compared with control cells
Supplementary Table 7 from ANO1 Reprograms Cholesterol Metabolism and the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Deng Chun-Miao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Liu Qin-Wen , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Liu Zhi-Chao , Yang Jing , Xu Tao-Yang , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Fan , Li Bin
Published: June 2023

Supplementary Table 7 shows Human transcription factor in ANO1 interacting proteins detected by IP-MS