bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latina Mothers' Perceptions of Mental Health and Mental Health Promotion
Authors: Vera Elizabeth M. , Conner Wendy
Published: December 2011

Latina mothers' perceptions of mental health and factors that promote/restore mental health were explored in this qualitative study. Participants discussed the importance of community, safety, and financial stability in addition to conventional factors that are related to mental health. Implications for working with urban Latinas and their families are discussed.

En este estudio cualitativo se exploraron las percepciones de las madres Latinas sobre Salud Mental y los factores que la fomentan/restablecen. Las participantes discutieron acerca de la importancia de la comunidad, la seguridad y la estabilidad financiera además de otros factores convencionales relacionados con la salud mental. Se discuten las implicaciones para el trabajo con Latinas residentes en núcleos urbanos y sus familias.
The Influence of Multicultural Training on Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competencies and Implicit Racial Prejudice
Authors: Castillo Linda G. , Brossart Daniel F. , Reyes Carla J. , Conoley Collie W. , Phoummarath Marion J.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the impact of multicultural training on multicultural counseling competencies and implicit racial prejudice. Results of a multilevel modeling analysis showed that only the multicultural counseling course was related to a decrease in implicit racial prejudice and an increase in cultural self‐awareness. Implications for multicultural training are discussed.

Este estudio examinó el impacto de la formación multicultural en las competencias en consejería multicultural y el prejuicio racial implícito. Los resultados de un análisis de modelo a varios niveles mostraron que solo el curso en consejería multicultural estaba implicado en un descenso del prejuicio racial implícito y un aumento de la autoconciencia cultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la formación multicultural.
Asian and European American Cultural Values, Bicultural Competence, and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Among Asian American Adolescents
Authors: Omizo Michael M. , Kim Bryan S. K. , Abel Nicholas R.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the extent to which Asian American adolescents who were living in Hawaii adhered to Asian and European American cultural values in relation to mental health variables including collective self‐esteem (membership, private, public, importance to identity), cognitive flexibility, general self‐efficacy, and attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Results and implications for counselors are discussed.

Los autores examinaron hasta qué medida los adolescentes Asiaticoamericanos residentes en Hawai se adhieren a los valores culturales Asiáticos y Euroamericanos en relación a ciertas variables de salud mental que incluyen la autoestima colectiva (pertenencia, privada, pública, su importancia para la identidad), flexibilidad cognitiva, autoeficacia general y actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica profesional. Se discuten los resultados y las implicaciones para los consejeros.
Lived Experience of Interracial Dialogue on Race: Proclivity to Participate
Authors: Willow Rebecca A.
Published: December 2011

The author conducted a qualitative inquiry of individuals' proclivity to participate in interracial dialogues. Lived experience of 20 participants in a race study circle yielded the overarching themes of education, self‐reflection, advanced empathy, moral consciousness, universality, racial identity development, and social interest. Implications for research and recommendations for counselor education are discussed.

La autora llevaron a cabo una investigación cualitativa sobre la propensión de individuos a participar en diálogos interraciales. La experiencia vivida de 20 participantes en un círculo de estudio sobre raza dio como resultado los temas omnímodos de educación, autorrefexión, empatía avanzada, conciencia moral, universalidad, desarrollo de la identidad racial e interés social. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigación, así como recomendaciones para la educación de los consejeros.
A Cross‐Cultural Study of Anxiety Among Chinese and Caucasian American University Students
Authors: Xie Dong , Leong Frederick T. L.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the cross‐cultural differences on state, trait, and social anxiety between Chinese and Caucasian American university students. Chinese students reported higher levels of social anxiety than did Caucasian american students. Correlations between trait and state anxiety were compared in light of the trait model of cross‐cultural psychology. Implications for multicultural counseling are discussed.

Este estudio investigó las diferencias interculturales en cuanto a estado, rasgo y ansiedad social entre alumnos universitarios Chinos y Americanos caucásicos. Los alumnos Chinos comunicaron niveles más altos de ansiedad social que los alumnos Americanos Caucásicos. Se compararon las correlaciones entre rasgo y estado de ansiedad a la luz del modelo de rasgo de la psicología intercultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la consejería multicultural.
Racial Identity Status Profiles and Expressions of Anger in Black Americans: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Carter Robert T. , Pieterse Alex L. , Smith Sidney
Published: December 2011

The relationship between Black adult racial identity status profiles and anger expression was examined. Two profiles, Undifferentiated and Immersion‐Emersion, emerged. A comparison of modes of anger expression revealed that the Immersion‐Emersion dominant profile was associated with higher scores on Anger‐Out and lower scores on Anger‐Control. Implications for research and counseling are discussed.

Se examinó la relación entre los perfiles del estado de la identidad racial de individuos Negros adultos y la expresión de ira. Surgieron dos perfiles, indiferenciado e inmersión‐emersión. Una comparación de los modos de expresión de la ira reveló que el perfil dominante de Inmersión‐Emersión estaba asociado a registros más altos en Ira‐Fuera y más bajos en Control de la ira. Se discuten las implicaciones para la investigación y la consejería.
Institutional Values of Managed Mental Health Care: Efficiency or Oppression?
Authors: Wilcoxon S. Allen , Magnuson Sandy , Norem Ken
Published: December 2011

The authors suggest that many managed mental health care (MMHC) practices have oppressive effects on members of cultural and ethnic minority groups. They examine the dissonance between institutional practices and cultural traditions that reflect insensitivity and forced conformity, particularly regarding time, pace, and intervention uniformity as applied to clients and commonly required in the MMHC industry.

Los autores sugieren que muchas prácticas del cuidado administrado de la salud mental (MMHC, por sus siglas en inglés) tienen efectos opresivos sobre los miembros de grupos de minorías étnicas y culturales. Examinan también la disonancia entre prácticas institucionales y tradiciones culturales que reflejan insensibilidad y una conformidad forzada, sobre todo en lo referente a tiempo, ritmo y uniformidad de intervención tal y como se aplica a clientes y normalmente requeridos por la industria de MMHC.
Why Is There Still No Study of Cultural Equivalence in Standardized Cognitive Ability Tests?
Authors: Perry Justin C. , Satiani Anmol , Henze Kevin T. , Mascher Jackquelyn , Helms Janet E.
Published: December 2011

To investigate how the culturalist perspective on investigating racial group differences in standardized cognitive ability tests has advanced, a content analysis of 28 studies citing J. E. Helms (1992) identified 7 general themes. Overall, researchers cited J. E. Helms (1992) as support for their own hypotheses but did not directly test the culturalist perspective.

Para investigar cómo ha avanzado la perspectiva culturalista sobre la investigación de las diferencias entre grupos raciales en los tests estandarizados de abilidades cognitivas, un análisis de contenido de 28 estudios que citan a J. E. Helms (1992) identificó 7 temas generales. En conjunto, los investigadores citaron a J. E. Helms (1992) para apoyar sus propias hipótesis, pero no comprobaron la perspectiva culturalista directamente.
Intimate Relationships of Female International Students
Authors: Popadiuk Natalee E.
Published: December 2011

Five female international students studying at a western Canadian university were interviewed about their experiences of being in a difficult intimate heterosexual relationship. An in‐depth interpretive analysis revealed that, according to the participants, these relational struggles influenced their adjustment to the host culture. Implications for counselors and future research are discussed.

Se entrevistó a cinco alumnas que cursan estudios en una universidad canadiense sobre sus experiencias personales en una relación íntima heterosexual complicada. Un análisis interpretativo en profundidad reveló que, según las participantes, estas dificultades en sus relaciones influyeron en su ajuste a la cultura anfitriona. También se discuten las implicaciones para consejeros e investigaciones futuras.
Students' Internal Reactions to a One‐Week Cultural Immersion Trip: A Qualitative Analysis of Student Journals
Authors: Ishii Harue , Gilbride Dennis D. , Stensrud Robert
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated the experiences of counseling students on a 1‐week cultural immersion trip to New Mexico. Students' journals were analyzed, using the open coding procedure from grounded theory. Five major categories emerged that reflected students' internal reactions to the experience. The findings and their instructional implications are discussed.

Los autores investigaron las experiencias de un grupo de estudiantes de consejería durante un viaje de inmersión cultural a Nuevo México de 1 semana. Se analizaron los diarios de los estudiantes, usando el procedimiento de codificación abierta de la teoría entrañada (grounded theory). Destacaron 5 categorías principales que reflejaban las reacciones internas de los estudiantes a la experiencia. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones instructivas.
Cultural Intersection of Asian Indian Ethnicity and Presenting Problem: Adapting Multicultural Competence for Clinical Accessibility
Authors: Bean Roy A. , Titus Gayatri
Published: December 2011

A more accessible approach to using multicultural counseling competence is presented to bridge the researcher‐practitioner gap and increase the likelihood of quality clinical services. The focus of the approach is on counselor awareness, knowledge, and skills as they relate to the most important contextualing factors: ethnic culture and the culture of the presenting problem.

Se presenta una aproximación más accesible al uso de la competencia multicultural en consejería para zanjar la brecha entre investigadores y profesionales clínicos y también para incrementar las probabilidad de que los servicios clínicos sean de calidad. El enfoque de la aproximación es hacia la conciencia, conocimientos y habilidades del consejero en relación a los factores contextuales más importantes: la cultura étnica y la cultura del problema inicial.
The Token Activity: Generating Awareness of Power in Counseling Relationships
Authors: Patrick Shawn , Connolly Colleen M.
Published: December 2011

The authors present an experiential activity, the token activity, that increases student awareness of power and privilege dynamics. Student feedback is incorporated to offer perceptions and knowledge gained from their experience.

Los autores presentan una actividad experiencial, la actividad simbólica, que incrementa la conciencia los estudiantes sobre poder y dinámica de privilegios. Se incluyen las reacciones de los estudiantes para ofrecer las percepciones y el conocimiento que adquirieron durante su experiencia.
North America's Native Peoples: A Social Justice and Trauma Counseling Approach
Authors: Turner Sherri L. , Pope Mark
Published: December 2011

This article understands North America's indigenous peoples in the context of social justice. The authors discuss the role of legislation in shaping cultural contexts of indigenous people and influencing mental health issues in Native American communities. Trauma counseling with Native Americans is explored.

Este artículo entiende a los habitantes indígenas de norteamérica en el contexto de la justicia social. Los autores discuten el papel que juega la legislación en la formación de los contextos culturales de los pueblos indígenas y la influencia que ejerce en los problemas de salud mental en las comunidades de Americanos Nativos. Se explora la terapia de trauma con Americanos Nativos.
Multicultural Connections: Using Stories to Transcend Cultural Boundaries in Supervision
Authors: Sommer Carol A. , Derrick Emily C. , Bourgeois Marc B. , Ingene Daphne H. , Yang Ji Woong , Justice Cheryl A.
Published: December 2011

Stories have long been used in various cultures and settings to help make meaning and enhance awareness. The authors describe how reflection on and discussion of myths and fairy tales in supervision may help transcend cultural boundaries and increase multicultural understanding.

Las historias se han utilizado durante mucho tiempo en diversas culturas y escenarios para facilitar la comprensión de significado y aumentar el nivel de conciencia. Los autores describen cómo la reflexión y la discusión de mitos y cuentos en la supervisión pueden ayudar a trascender barreras culturales y elevar el entendimiento multicultural.
Psychological Impact of Negotiating Two Cultures: Latino Coping and Self‐Esteem
Authors: Torres Lucas , Rollock David
Published: December 2011

Among 96 Latino adults, active coping accounted for variance in global self‐esteem beyond that of biculturalism and sociodemographic indicators. The findings highlight the importance of accounting for the way Latino adults approach negotiating multiple cultural contexts. Extending acculturation research to integrate competence‐based formulations provides comprehensive information regarding cultural adaptation.

Entre una muestra de 96 adultos Latinos, el afrontamiento activo dio cuenta de la varianza en autoestima global más allá de los indicadores de biculturalismo y sociodemográficos. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de buscar una explicación a la forma en que los adultos Latinos enfocan la negociación de múltiples contextos culturales. Extender el ámbito de la investigación sobre aculturación para integrar las formulaciones basadas en competencia proporciona una información exhaustiva sobre la adaptación cultural.
The Practice of Psychotherapy in Mexico: Past and Present
Authors: Stark Marcella D. , Frels Rebecca K. , Chavez Rafael Reyes , Sharma Bipin
Published: December 2011

This article explores the history of psychotherapy in Mexico and describes past and current practices of psychological services, training, and supervision for Mexican international students in the United States. Sample curricula, texts, and universities in Mexico are listed. Implications for training underscore the importance of collaboration and increased dialogue.

Este artículo explora la historia de la psicoterapia en México y describe las prácticas pasadas y actuales de los servicios psicológicos, formación, y supervisión de estudiantes internacionales mexicanos en los Estados Unidos. Se presentan muestras de programas didácticos, textos, y universidades en México. Las implicaciones para la formación subrayan la importancia de la colaboración y un diálogo más profundo.
Stress, Self‐Esteem, Hope, Optimism, and Well‐Being in Urban, Ethnic Minority Adolescents
Authors: Vacek Kimberly R. , Coyle Laura D. , Vera Elizabeth M.
Published: December 2011

This study examined hope, optimism, self‐esteem, social support, stress, and indices of subjective well‐being (SWB) in 137 low‐income, urban, ethnic minority adolescents. Hope, optimism, and self‐esteem were significant predictors of SWB indices, but stress predicted only 1 SWB index: negative affect. No moderators of stress and negative affect were identified.

Este estudio examinó la esperanza, optimismo, autoestima, apoyo social, estrés e índices de bienestar subjetivo (SWB, por sus siglas en inglés) de 137 adolescentes urbanos de minorías étnicas y bajo nivel de ingresos. La esperanza, el optimismo y la autoestima fueron indicadores de predicción de los índices de SWB, pero el estrés predijo solamente un índice de SWB: el afecto negativo. No se identificaron moderadores del estrés y el afecto negativo.
Resiliency and Recovery: Lessons From the Asian Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Fernando Delini M. , Hebert Barbara B.
Published: December 2011

Separated by continents and cultures, survivors of the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina share a common bond in their extreme trauma and ensuing struggles. The authors discuss and illustrate core ideas based on the commonalities derived from the experiences of women survivors of these two disasters.

Separados tanto por continentes como culturas, los supervivientes del tsunami asiático y el huracán Katrina comparten el vínculo común de su enorme trauma y las dificultades subsiguientes. Los autores discuten e ilustran las ideas fundamentals basándose en las similitudes derivadas a partir de las experiencias de las mujeres que sobrevivieron a ambos desastres.
Differences in Career and Life Planning Between African American and Caucasian Undergraduate Women
Authors: Booth Caroline S. , Myers Jane E.
Published: December 2011

Women, especially African American women, have traditionally been in low‐paying careers. This exploratory study examined how career aspirations are affected by future career and family plans. Results revealed that African American undergraduate women had higher career aspirations than Caucasian undergraduate women and also planned for multiple roles in the future.

Las mujeres, sobre todo las mujeres Afroamericanas, han desarrollado tradicionalmente sus carreras en trabajos de menor remuneración. Este estudio exploratorio examinó cómo las aspiraciones de carrera son afectadas por los planes futuros de carrera y familia. Los resultados revelaron que las estudiantes universitarias Afroamericanas tenían aspiraciones de carrera más elevadas que las estudiantes Caucásicas, y también planeaban tener múltiples roles en el futuro.
Family Therapy in Iran: A Case Study of Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Khodayarifard Mohammad , McClenon James
Published: December 2011

Iranian clinical psychologists have devised family therapy methods that use cognitive behavior models that fit with their collectivist Islamic culture. The authors review Islamic‐based strategies and describe family therapy with a culturally specific case of childhood obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Family therapy, adapted to integrated, religious‐based cognitive behavior therapy seems appropriate for clients who are served in Iran.

Los psicólogos clínicos iraníes han ideado métodos de terapia de familia que emplean modelos cognitivo‐conductuales que se ajustan a su cultura colectivista islámica. Los autores examinan estrategias basadas en el Islam y describen la terapia de familia con un caso culturalmente específico de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en la niñez. La terapia de familia, adaptada a una terapia integrada cognitivo‐conductual basada en la religión, parece apropiada para clientes tratados en Irán.
Voices of Family Therapy Doctoral Students of Color: Aspirations and Factors Influencing Careers in Academia
Authors: Miller John K. , Stone Dana J.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined factors influencing career aspirations of doctoral students of color in family therapy doctoral programs across the country, with a special focus on careers in the professoriate. Qualitative interviews were conducted with students at varying levels of degree completion. Respondents discussed barriers to careers in academia as well as suggestions for overcoming these barriers.

Los autores examinaron los factores que influyen en las aspiraciones de carrera de estudiantes de color en programas de doctorado en terapia de familia por todo el país, con un enfoque especial hacia las carreras en profesorado. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas cualitativas con estudiantes en distintos puntos previos a la conclusión del programa. Los participantes comentaron las barreras para el acceso a carreras en el mundo académico, así como sugerencias para superar esas barreras.
THE ROLE OF THE MANPOWER COUNSELOR AS PERCEIVED BY EMPLOYMENT SERVICE PERSONNEL AND COUNSELOR EDUCATORS
Authors: Mezzano Joseph
Published: December 2011

This study investigated how manpower counselors, district office supervisors, and counselor educators in the state of Wisconsin perceive the role of the manpower counselor. Questionnaires were mailed to the 26 district office supervisors, to 26 manpower counselors—one from each district—and to 11 counselor educators. Analysis of the data reveals that the perceptions of each group are quite similar. However, the rankings produced an “ideal” rather than a “real” picture. It is suggested that a concentrated and combined effort be made to make the “ideal” “real.”
AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SATB NORMS IN MDTA SELECTION
Authors: Weber Thomas R.
Published: December 2011

An investigation of the use of SATB norms for MDTA training courses disclosed that approximately half the applicants admitted to training did not pass the appropriate norms. Research was undertaken to determine whether these norms, developed mainly on samples of employed workers or regular technical‐vocational students, were capable of differentiating between successful and unsuccessful MDTA trainees. An analysis was also made to determine the appropriateness of a new method of SATB interpretation based on the standard error of measurement for each of the GATB's nine aptitudes. The results indicated that the SATB's had good selective efficiency for MDTA trainees, and the new method of SATB interpretation was strongly supported by the data.
USE OF APTITUDE SCORES AS PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING UNDER THE MDTA
Authors: Bemis Stephen E.
Published: December 2011

Results from studies utilizing the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) to predict success in specific vocational training programs authorized by the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 are summarized. The summary involves over 1,200 trainees from a number of states in a variety of occupational areas. Trainees from all included studies were combined and then subgrouped on the basis of number of years of formal education claimed. Good prediction was obtained for the 0–7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years‐of‐education groupings. The prediction obtained with the 13–16 years‐of‐education grouping is not at an acceptable level of significance, but this may be a result of the small sample available for this grouping. The results are seen as supporting Manpower Administration efforts to devise ways in which aptitude tests can be used to help match applicants with low levels of reported educational attainment with suitable vocational or training opportunities.
COLOR PERCEPTION REQUIREMENTS OF 4,000 JOBS
Authors: Barker Donald G.
Published: December 2011

Tabulation of the color discrimination requisites of a representative sample of 4,000 jobs revealed that the great majority of jobs require little or no color perception aptitude. The 2 percent of jobs requiring above‐average color discrimination were listed by Dictionary of Occupational Titles classifications for the use of counselors in the guidance of clients with defective color vision.
Employment Interviews: How Critical
Authors: PATE ROBERT H. , HARWOOD RICHARD K.
Published: December 2011

In order to determine the relationship between selected characteristics and behaviors of applicants for employment and the outcome of their interviews, interviewer ratings of 398 registrants of a university placement office were analyzed. Factor analysis suggested that applicants were rated on two dimensions: their behavior during the interview and their credentials. The importance of the candidate's general impression on the interviewer is noted, and the need for applicants to be aware that credentials and interview behavior alone do not ensure employment is stressed.
Listening and Communication Skills Training: Implications for Counselor Accountability
Authors: ANTENEN WAYNE W.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the development and implementation of a training procedure in listening and communication skills for employment service counselors. Implications are drawn from the listening and communication skills training and other human relations training approaches for counselor staff development and counselor accountability.
A Counselor Classification System: Accountable
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: December 2011

The Wisconsin State Employment Security Division has an employment counselor classification scheme which responds to the cry for accountability. This article discusses (a) technical requirements and performance standards for three levels of employment counselors; (b) specific job duties and levels of skill for Manpower counselors 1, 2, and 3; (c) caseload size, counseling outcomes, counseling and assessment skills, community resources, job development activities, and additional performance requirements expected of the master level counselor; (d) the system of reclassifying a Manpower counselor 2 to the Manpower counselor 3 level; and (e) the use of an on‐site review by a state counseling supervisor as the method of evaluating a counselor's Performance. Values of the counselor classification scheme are indicated.
A Study of Group Counseling with Disadvantaged Workers in an Industrial Setting
Authors: BONNEY WARREN C. , PARSONS WILLARD , SCALISE JOSEPH J. , WAGNER DUKE E. , ANDERSON HARRY E.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of the study was to examine the process and effectiveness of group counseling as a part of a training program conducted through a Labor Department grant. Trainees in a JOBS program at the Westinghouse plant in Athens, Georgia, who were certified by the Georgia State Training and Employment Service as disadvantaged, received a 90‐minute counseling session each week. Members of the training group had better work attendance and less employee turnover than a comparable group not in the training program. The tapes of one counselor—three five‐minute segments at the beginning, middle, and end of each tape—were used for analysis, which was done by an affect‐topic method. The counselor of the group analyzed presents some personal observations of the counseling process. Some suggestions for improvements of group counseling in similar contexts are also presented.
Women and Work—Rights, Realities, and Prospects
Authors: MAYMI CARMEN R.
Published: December 2011

Women's place as a permanent part of the work force has been established, but the question now is whether women will continue to be the majority of low‐skilled, low‐paid workers or will share equally in opportunities in all fields of employment. The economic needs of most women workers are approximately the same as those of male workers. With 6.6 million women heads of families in 1973, nearly one out of three such families was poor according to Department of Labor criteria. Professional job counselors have a responsibility to support women who make nontraditional career choices. Counselors and others must also be aware of the rights and resources available to each woman in pursuing her career goals.
The Employment Interview: A Self‐Validation Model
Authors: CAHN DUDLEY D.
Published: December 2011

I relate two subjects—speech communication and employment interviewing—by applying a developmental theory of interpersonal communication to the initial job interview. Since I view an employment interview as symbolic interaction, I provide a self‐validation model that is analogous to interpersonal perception theory. I suggest the usefulness of the model by describing how interviewers and job applicants can enhance their interviewing skills.
Women at Work: Name Styles and Job Level
Authors: FARLEY JENNIE
Published: December 2011

The way a person styles his or her name seems to be related, not only to an individual's sex or marital status, but to his or her job. A study of 3,735 university employees' signatures suggests that the variations form a pattern related to the social structure in the university's work setting. One implication for good counseling and personnel practices is that name styles and titles may matter a great deal at employment levels at which other sources of recognition are limited.
Training the Unemployed Manager: Some Aspects of the United Kingdom Experience
Authors: HUCZYNSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: December 2011

Presently, in the United Kingdom there are more than 100,000 business executives unemployed as a result of the economic recession. This article describes the educational assistance being offered to these executives by government agencies and focuses on the ways in which colleges and universities responsible for the training have approached their task. The freedom exercised by these educational institutions in the matter of course design meant that initially little uniformity existed among them with respect to program objectives and content. More recently, four themes have become evident, which the author has termed situational adaption, job‐finding skills, management knowledge, and directional self‐analysis. The view is rejected that in terms of personal and training objectives, unemployed executives constitute a homogeneous group. Experience suggests that at least four different ‘types’ of unemployed executives can be distinguished on the basis of their personal and work characteristics. The author has identified these as distressants, businessmen, opportunists, and realists. It is argued that the future development of training programs for unemployed businessmen in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, must acknowledge the diverse needs of participants and be flexibly organized in order to meet them.
The Polyvalent Counselor
Authors: LOCKE DON C.
Published: December 2011

Employment counselors must serve many different kinds of clients and provide a wide variety of services. They must be capable of providing individual and group counseling services as well as environmental intervention. The counseling process is somewhat different for the employment counselor who must also consider the available job market, motivational forces, aptitudes, skills, and interests. This article discusses the framework in which the polyvalent employment counselor works.

This article was the basis of a workshop for the Employment Security Commission at their state meting in Burlington, North Carolina, in June 1977.
Job Satisfaction Among Married Working Women
Authors: VAN SELL MARY , BRIEF ARTHUR P. , ALDAG RAMON J.
Published: December 2011

Data from a recent national opinion survey were used to evaluate an array of work and nonwork variables in terms of their relationships to reported job satisfaction of married working women. Women's job satisfaction was found to be related to such variables as life satisfaction, age, and importance of job income but unrelated to such indices as race, educational level, occupational prestige, income level, and attitude toward women working.
Beliefs‐Focused and Skills‐Focused Employment Interventions for Women
Authors: KELLER KEVIN E. , GLAUBER DONALD , SNYDER JILISA
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beliefs‐ and skills‐focused approaches to women's employment counseling. Results tend to support the value of the use of beliefs‐ and skills‐focused interventions in assisting women who are experiencing employment dissatisfaction.
A Comparison of the Day‐Care Needs, Attitudes, and Practices of Intact and Single‐Parent Families
Authors: TURNER PAULINE H. , GALLEGOS BEVERLY
Published: December 2011

This article compares the day‐care needs, attitudes, and practices of intact and single‐parent families. Factors differ between single and married parents in the selection of child‐care programs. Implications are presented for counselors and employers working with employees in the area of child‐care support.
Work and Nonwork Perspectives and Trends
Authors: MAYNARD MARIANNE
Published: December 2011

This article explores the historical concepts and changing values of work. It explains our current nonwork trend and the implications for work satisfaction: expanded leisure time and the counselor's role.
Group Job Search Workshops: A Concept Whose Time Is Here
Authors: TRIMMER HARVEY W.
Published: December 2011

The quest for more efficient and cost‐effective ways to provide employment opportunities to those seeking jobs has been of concern to the Job Service and other providers for many years. It has only been during the last 10 years that the concept self‐placement has come to the fore and from that, the concept group job search has developed, gaining considerable emphasis and interest in the process. This article analyzes the group job search process, briefly describes the basic models, and presents another approach that has been developed and utilized in Nevada.
Self‐Directed Job Search Training in Occupational Classes
Authors: JACOBSON THOMAS J.
Published: December 2011

The Self‐Directed Job Search Materials Package was developed for classroom instructors for use with their students in occupational skills training classes. The materials, which consist of a student manual and a related cassette series, are designed to be used concurrently with students involved in occupational skills training so that they can acquire the knowledge and confidence needed to obtain jobs.
Career/Life Planning for Displaced Homemakers
Authors: BRUYERE DONNA , STEVENS MICHAEL J. , PFOST KAREN S.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the development, content, and outcome of a highly cost‐effective program designed to meet the personal and vocational needs of displaced homemakers. Future research directions are suggested.
Self‐Test on Competitive Employment for Mentally Retarded Persons
Authors: MOON M. SHERRIL , ORELOVE FRED P. , BEALE ANDREW
Published: December 2011

Persons with moderate and severe handicaps have had limited access to competitive employment. This article provides current information on the capabilities of retarded persons to perform competitively and on opportunities for them to acquire jobs. A 10‐item, true‐or‐false quiz is provided with answers so that readers can test their knowledge.
Intraview©: Career Development Through Business Communication
Authors: NYKODYM NICK , RUUD WILLIAM N.
Published: December 2011

The authors offer the Intraview©: Communication Intervention Strategy as a means of reducing high Communication Apprehension (CA). This intervention strategy, based on helping individuals to know more about themselves and their interactions with others, was implemented in a pretest, posttest, and control design, and CA was reduced at a statistically significant level (.01).
Perceived Personnel Suitability: A Function of Job Sex Type, Sex Role, and Sex
Authors: KOENIG ESTHER J. , JUNI SAMUEL
Published: December 2011

Descriptions varying the sex and the sex role of job applicants were rated by 605 respondents for suitability for four sex‐typed jobs. Results showing sex role × job type are presented. A pattern in which sex roles and sex complement each other is noted and interpreted in the context of the positive perception of androgynous applicants in sex role literature.
A Seminar in Job‐Finding Skills
Authors: MATHEWS R. MARK , DAMRON W. STEPHEN , YUEN CLAYTON K.K.H.
Published: December 2011

This article provides a description of a seminar designed to teach job‐finding skills to senior agriculture students through the use of a behaviorally based textbook, practice in job‐seeking skills, and corrective performance feedback. Comparisons of student competencies in job‐finding skills showed that posttraining performance levels were higher than pretraining levels, thus the seminar was an effective approach to helping graduates locate and obtain employment.
Employment Counseling for the Handicapped Can Be Easier Through Linkages
Authors: EGBERT A. MARIE
Published: December 2011

Employment counseling for handicapped students in transition from the high school setting to the world of work is often ineffective. Developing linkages between service providers in high schools and those in governmental agencies and private industries is necessary. This article focuses on the roles of the four significant actors in this linkage development: vocational teachers, rehabilitation and employment counselors, parents, and special education teachers and school counselors.
Prestige and Social Standing of Growth Occupations, 1982–1995
Authors: PARKER HARRY J. , CHAN FONG
Published: December 2011

This study helped to determine whether applicants for assistance from the state employment office view fast‐ and large‐growth occupations with a hierarchy similar to that cited in the professional literature. Findings revealed that professions were in the top ranks, skilled and crafts occupations in the middle ranks, and service‐oriented occupations in the low ranks. Growth occupation information did not seem to influence or affect job applicants' ratings.
Job Search Activity Patterns of Successful and Unsuccessful Job Seekers
Authors: KJOS DIANE L.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author summarizes a study examining the number and pattern of job‐search resources used by successful and unsuccessful job seekers.
What Do Recruiters Consider Important During the Employment Interview?
Authors: ATKINS CAROLYN P. , KENT ROBERT L.
Published: December 2011

Ninety‐five recruiters representing various professions were more willing to hire qualified individuals who possessed unattractive physical features than those exhibiting communication difficulties.
Toward a Woman‐Centered Perspective of Careers: The Quilt Metaphor
Authors: SAGARIA MARY ANN
Published: December 2011

The author proposes the artist and her quilt as a metaphor for the woman and her career. She suggests that quilts and quilting provide a woman‐centered context to help counselors gain an understanding of women's lives and work.
Job Satisfaction of Women in Nontraditional Occupations
Authors: STEWART HESTER R.
Published: December 2011

The author investigates factors that influence job satisfaction among Delaware women working in nontraditional occupations. Earnings, household responsibilities, and ability to cope with family and work also were studied.
Irrational Expectations in the Job Search Process
Authors: LIPTAK JOHN J.
Published: December 2011

Although approaches that focus on cognitive distortions are often used in psychological and career counseling, they are rarely used in job search counseling. Rational‐Emotive Therapy (RET) can be used effectively to combat clients' unrealistic expectations in the job search process.
A Typology of Adaptations to Unemployment
Authors: JONES LORING P.
Published: December 2011

A typology of adaptations to unemployment was constructed using data taken from a 15‐week longitudinal investigation of the experiences of 153 unemployed people. The typology was split between low‐stress and high‐stress adaptations.
Alternative Solutions to the Workplace Drug Problem: Results of a Survey of Personnel Managers
Authors: ROSSE JOSEPH G. , CROWN DEBORAH F. , FELDMAN HOWARD D.
Published: December 2011

The authors conducted a survey of personnel managers to learn more about the prevalence of employee drug use and employer substance abuse programs.
The Experience of Unemployment for University Graduates: An Exploratory Study
Authors: BORGEN WILLIAM A. , HATCH WENDY E. , AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

This article reports the results of an exploratory, descriptive study of the experience of unemployment for university graduates under age 25.
Looking for Work After Forty: Job Search Experiences of Older Unemployed Managers and Professionals
Authors: ALLAN PETER
Published: December 2011

This article describes the job search experiences of 348 previously unemployed managers and professionals over age 40. Recommendations are drawn from their experiences.
A Thought or Two on the Future of Research in Career Counseling
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

The advantages of a shift in focus in research—a shift more in keeping with the counselor's genuine interest in the individual client—are explored.
The Career Exploration Inventory: Expanding Options for the Unemployed
Authors: LIPTAK JOHN J.
Published: December 2011

The Career Exploration Inventory, an innovative interest inventory that measures work and leisure interests throughout the life span, can be used by employment counselors to assist their clients in the exploration of the interaction of work and leisure interests.
The Influence of Parents on Female Business Students' Salary and Work Hour Expectations
Authors: HOFFMAN JAMES J. , GOLDSMITH ELIZABETH B. , HOFACKER CHARLES F.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the salary and work hour expectations of male and female business students. The study also examined the influence of parents on the development of those expectations. Results show that fathers had more influence than mothers had on both sons' and daughters' salary and work hour expectations.
Fostering Financial Independence Self‐Efficacy in AFDC Recipients Participating in a Vocational Training Program
Authors: HOUSER RICK , D'AIMDREA MICHAEL , DANIELS JUDY
Published: December 2011

Participants in this study were 183 recipients of Aid to Families With Dependent Children who were referred to Hawaii's Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program. The systematic employment of four methods for changing self‐efficacy resulted in significant changes in participants' financial independence self‐efficacy over a relatively short time.
An Employee Assistance Model of Health Care Management for Employees With Alcohol‐Related Problems
Authors: CARSON KERRY D. , BALKIN DAVID B.
Published: December 2011

An employee assistance model in which cost‐effective, high‐quality treatment can be offered for a complex range of alcohol‐related problems is described. This system of care allows the employee to be treated in the least restrictive therapeutic environment, thus encouraging continued productivity at work.
Effects of Response Set on the Infrequent Response Index of the Strong Interest Inventory
Authors: MILLER MARK J. , FOXWORTH CHARLES L.
Published: December 2011

Associations of two different response sets on the Infrequent Response Index of the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) were examined. In one, participants responded to each item randomly; in the other, participants deliberately misrepresented their responses. The finding of scores higher than those proposed in the SII manual for the Infrequent Response Index suggests an alternative interpretation of this critical index.
The Role of Social Contacts in the Successful Job Search
Authors: SILLIKER S. ALAN
Published: December 2011

This study examined the impact of social contacts (“It's who you know, not what you know”) on job getting. Workers were interviewed to discover the source of information about their most recent job. Results show that social contacts were the most frequently used resources during the job‐getting process and that these personal contacts were used more often in some occupational environments than in others.
Parental Involvement in Children's Career Decision Making
Authors: DOWNING JERRY , D'ANDREA LIVIA M.
Published: December 2011

This article presents findings of a survey of English, Swiss, and American parents regarding their involvement in their children's career decision‐making process. A questionnaire was developed and a pilot survey was conducted. Although the results must be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that these parents exhibited some marked educational and career choice bias. Furthermore, these differences may reflect the nature of the educational systems of the countries represented. It seems that effective systems for career development and employment counseling result in parents who are confident in helping their children with career decision making.
An Assessment of the Effect of Vocational Exploration on Career Decision Making
Authors: DZIUBAN CHARLES D. , TANGO ROBERT A. , HYNES MICHAEL
Published: December 2011

The researchers assessed the effect of a vocational exploration assignment on the career decisiveness of college students who said that they were career decisive. The results of the study showed decision shifting in the treatment group but not in the control group. The researchers concluded that career indecisiveness relates to a lack of clarity regarding how personality needs can be satisfied in a career choice.
Putting Outplacement in Its Place
Authors: KIRK JAMES J.
Published: December 2011

The Holistic Outplacement Model is described.
Relationship Between the OASIS‐2 Aptitude Survey and Grades in College English and Psychology Classes
Authors: LEVINSON EDWARD M. , RAFOTH BENNETT A. , LESNAK LYNETTE A.
Published: December 2011

A total of 36 rising high school seniors (between the 11th and 12th grades), who were taking college classes in English and psychology as part of their participation in a summer program designed to encourage interest in attending college, were administered the OASIS‐2 Aptitude Survey, Correlational analyses identified statistically significant relationships between grades in both classes and the general and verbal aptitude measures on the OASIS‐2. No statistically significant relationships were identified between other OASIS‐2 aptitude measures and grades. Implications for use of the OASIS Aptitude Survey are discussed.
Client‐Centered Reflections on Career Decision Making
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article offers some reflections about the career decision‐making process that are congruent with client‐centered philosophy.
JobShift: A Book Review
Authors: Helwig Andrew A.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

JobShtft: How to Prosper in a Workplace Without Jobs by William Bridges
Big‐Five Personality Profile of Executive Search Recruiters
Authors: DYKEMAN CASS , DYKEMAN JAMES J.
Published: December 2011

This study surveyed a sample of nationally certified executive search recruiters, with the use of the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). Chi‐square test analyses revealed that this sample differed significantly from adult norms on 4 of the 5 NEO‐FFI scales. These scales were Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness. Implications of these findings for employment counselor practice are discussed.
Relationship Between a Feminist Approach to Career Counseling and Career Self‐Efficacy Beliefs
Authors: JUNTUNEN CINDY
Published: December 2011

To determine whether liberal feminist and conventional approaches to career counseling might differentially affect women's career self‐efficacy beliefs, 40 college women heard audiotapes of career counseling and provided ratings of their own career self‐efficacy. Analysis supported the suggestion that a feminist approach to career counseling can have a significantly more positive effect on career self‐efficacy than a conventional approach. This was true for ratings on the category of nontraditional careers as well as for overall career self‐efficacy ratings.
Time Management as a Stressor for Helping Professionals: Implications for Employment
Authors: HAWKINS FRANK , KLAS LEE
Published: December 2011

This study summarizes and compares the findings of 5 studies completed between 1984 and 1994 that dealt with the factors that cause stress for 4 groups of helping professionals: regular classroom teachers, special education teachers, nurses in a tertiary care hospital, and social workers in child welfare. Time and its effective management proved to be the most significant stressor category for all groups. Possible explanations for the persistence of time management concerns in these helping professions, and possible implications for employment counselors, both as helpers and information providers to those who seek to enter such professions, are proposed.