bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rejsekatalog 2000-2009
Authors: Ringgaard Dan
Published: October 2016

Dan Ringgaard: “Travel Catalogue 2000-2009”Travel in literature has moved beyond the genre of the travelogue. As travel has become an all-pervading part of globalised life it has creolised the entire domain of literature. This article catalogues eleven types of literature where travel plays a dominant part and argues that literary travels have increased and transmuted in Danish literature of the last decade.
English abstracts
Authors: Passage Passage
Published: October 2016

English abstracts
Arendt og Kafka
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel
Published: October 2016

Isak Winkel Holm: “Arendt and Kafka. The Right to Rights in Franz Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’”Franz Kafka experienced a legal and political vacuum opening up in the middle of civilized Europe, Hannah Arendt saw it culminating in the death camps. In this sinister historical situation both authors were not so much interested in the question of specific rights as in the more fundamental question of the right to have rights – to use Arendt’s famous formula. This essay explores the intricate relationship between Kafka’s and Arendt’s analyses of the “calamity of the rightless”. On the one hand, Kafka’s literary diagnosis of rightlessness will be reconstructed through a reading of his story “The Metamorphosis”; on the other hand, Arendt’s philosophical portrait of the rightless refugee will be developed in a discussion of her early Kafka essays and, first of all, of her Origins of Totalitarianism. The contention is that Arendt’s notion of the right to have rights and, hence, her reading of Kafka function as important corrections of modern Kafka research.
Tendenser i nutidig fransk poesi - Litteralisme og litterær dj’ing som postpoetiske strategier
Authors: Marcussen Louise Højgaard
Published: October 2016

Louise Højgaard Marcussen: “Trends in Contemporary French Poetry. Literalism and Literary DJ’ing as Post-poetic Strategies”The article describes the post-poetic impulse in contemporary French literature. Taking the essay Sorties by Jean-Marie Gleize as vantage point, Marcussen investigates two different ways of breaking off from the essentialist poetic tradition: on the one hand a strand of poetry aiming at critical resistance towards the tradition, exemplified by a reading of Christophe Tarkos’ “Le Bol”; and on the other hand writers trying to activate tradition in new forms, exemplified through a reading of Franck Leibovici’s portraits chinois.
Mindeord
Authors: Jørgensen Steen Bille
Published: October 2016

Mindeord om Cécile Black (1976-2012), leder af den Franske Bogcafé i Fiolstræde i København. Skrevet af Lisbeth Verstraete Hansen, Steen Bille Jørgensen, Hans Peter LundSociété danoise de littérature contemporaine en langue française
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Passage Passage
Published: October 2016

Redaktionelt forord
En koncessionsløs tekst. Fjodor Dostojevskijs "Idioten" læst som anti- og procesroman
Authors: Andersen Jørn Erslev
Published: October 2016

Jørn Erslev Andersen: “A Text without Concession: Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Idiot Read as Anti- and Process Novel”The vast amount of conflicting narrative and stylistic features in Dostoyesky’s novel The Idiot is a well-known fact. The article proposes a reading of the novel dealing with these conflicting features in the perspectives of the anti- and process novel. The concept of the anti-novel serves as a new reading perspective and is exemplified through comparative comments on The Idiot and Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, and on Don Quixote and Prince Myshkin. The concept of the process novel is created by among others Catteau and Morson. The reading proposes yet another dimension of this concept by commenting on Holbein’s Erasmian Art and its presence in and understanding of the portrait of Prince Myshkin. The article concludes by understanding both the novel itself and its protagonist as actual entities.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Passage Redaktionen
Published: October 2016

Få opfindelser har haft så gennemgribende konsekvenser for menneskets hverdag som telefonen, og denne revolutionerende kommunikationsteknologi har naturligvis også sat sit tydelige præg på litteraturen. Modernistiske forfattere som Proust, Kafka og Fitzgerald var alle dybt optagede af telefonen, og deres romaner og fortællinger er i vid udstrækning formet af de muligheder for øjeblikkelig kommunikation over store afstande, som telefonen skabte.Op gennem det 20. århundrede voksede forfatternes interesse i og bekymring for telefonen med telefonnettets globale udbredelse. Senest har introduktionen af først mobiltelefoner og siden smartphones koblet os endnu mere sammen end nogensinde, hvilket både skaber en række muligheder og nogle udfordringer for vores omgang med hinanden.Telefonen har på afgørende vis omstruktureret det sociale rum, der er forfatternes primære emnebank, såvel som det medielandskab, de agerer i, og dermed har den bidraget til at forandre litteraturen. Med dette nummer af Passage ønsker vi at udforske litteraturens og telefonens komplekse parløb gennem tiden.
Steder og ikke-steder - “Telefonen” i Walter Benjamins Barndom i Berlin omkring år 1900
Authors: Schlosser Jan T.
Published: October 2016

Jan T. Schlosser: “Places and Non-Places: “The Telephone” in Walter Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood around 1900”Drawing on the French anthropologist Marc Augé’s theory of ‘places’ and ‘non-places’, the article analyses Walter Benjamin’s text “The Telephone” and other texts from Berlin Childhood around 1900. The analysis argues that Benjamin’s  “The Telephone” establishes a tension between places and non-places and signals the transition from modernity to the period that Augé labels supermodernity.
Uddrag fra Infinite Jest
Authors: Wallace David Foster
Published: October 2016

Excerpt from Infinite Jest (Danish translation)
Den eneste sande bog
Authors: Gundersen Karin
Published: October 2016

Karin Gundersen: “The Only True Book”A famous reflection in Proust’s In Search of Lost Time reads as follows: “[…] I slowly became aware that the essential book, the only true book, was not something the writer needs to invent, in the usual sense of the word, so much as to translate, because it already exists within each of us. The writer’s task and duty are those of a translator” (Finding Time Again, translated by Ian Patterson, London, Penguin Books, 2003, p. 199). This enigmatic statement, which says that the only true book cannot be read before it has been translated by the writer who carries it withinhim, implies that the book we read is not the original. Reinserted in its context, the statement seems to rely on an essential Proustian aesthetics and hence his theory of truth, style and metaphor. The present essay tries to solve, at least in part, the enigma posed by Proust.
Vejen - Stedet
Authors: Ryum Ulla
Published: October 2016

Ulla Ryum: Vejen - Stedet
Digt
Authors: Jensen John Bang
Published: October 2016

Digt af John Bang Jensen
Bjelke spjelker bjelke
Authors: Linneberg Arild
Published: October 2016

Arild Linneberg: Bjelke spjelker bjelke
Frihedens ulidelige lethed
Authors: Jørgensen Dorthe
Published: October 2016

Dorthe Jørgensen: Frihedens ulidelige lethed
Den atlantiske metafor
Authors: Nielsen Jens Peter Lund
Published: October 2016

Jens Peter Lund Nielsen: Den atlantiske metafor
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of silicon nanocrystals fabricated by high silicon content silicon-rich oxide and silicon dioxide bilayers
Authors: Nomoto Keita , Yang Terry Chien-Jen , Ceguerra Anna V. , Breen Andrew , Wu Lingfeng , Jia Xuguang , Zhang Tian , Puthen-Veettil Binesh , Lin Ziyun , Ringer Simon , Conibeer Gavin , Perez-Wurfl Ivan
Published: October 2016

Intrinsic, boron (B)-doped, and phosphorus (P)-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) formed from an excess Si concentration of 40 at. % were investigated to study their structural, optical, and electrical properties. Atom probe tomography (APT) revealed that the size and arrangement of Si NCs were different in each sample. A strong blue shift in photoluminescence spectra for the intrinsic and B-doped Si NCs was correlated with the volume fraction of small Si NCs. The lower resistivity of the B-doped sample than the P-doped one was explained by the percolation of Si NCs through the film.
InGaAs/AlAs triple-barrier p–i–n junction diode for realizing superlattice-based FET for steep slope
Authors: Yukimachi Atsushi , Miyamoto Yasuyuki
Published: October 2016

The subthreshold slope of a conventional FET is over 60 mV/dec at room temperature. One of the proposed devices capable of overcoming this limitation is a superlattice FET (SLFET). In this study, we determined the feasibility of an SLFET experimentally. To overcome the limitations of conventional FETs, we proposed a “leaned” superlattice structure for an FET. With the help of calculations, we fabricated InGaAs/AlAs triple-barrier p–i–n diodes instead of FETs. By using measurements recorded at room and low temperatures, we confirmed the change in slope at the expected bias through calculations.
Numerical homogenization of the Richards equation for unsaturated water flow through heterogeneous soils
Authors: Li Na , Yue Xingye , Ren Li
Published: October 2016

Homogenized equations and the corresponding effective constitutive relations are generally necessary for numerically modeling large‐scale unsaturated flow processes in soils. Recently, based on the Kirchhoff transformation and the two‐scale convergence theory, a homogenization method for the Richards equation with the Mualem‐van Genuchten model has been proposed, with a constant model parameter α relating to the inverse of the air‐entry pressure and the soil pore size distribution. The homogenized model is computationally efficient and convenient to use because of its explicit expression. In this study, we generalize this method, allowing α to be a spatially distributed random field and proposing a homogenized Richards equation in the mixed form (θ/h) under the condition that the effective hydraulic conductivity tensor is diagonal. This generalization eliminates the limitation of a constant α in practical applications; the proposed homogenized model is meaningful in most situations because the flow problems are influenced mainly by the diagonal terms of conductivity and the off‐diagonal terms are often neglected. Two‐dimensional numerical tests are conducted in soil profiles with different degrees of spatial heterogeneity structure to illustrate that the homogenized model can capture the fine‐scale flow behaviors on coarse grids effectively. Homogenization for the Richards equation with other two commonly used constitutive relations—the Brooks‐Corey model and the Gardner‐Russo model—is also illustrated in this study.
Connectivity, permeability, and channeling in randomly distributed and kinematically defined discrete fracture network models
Authors: Maillot J. , Davy P. , Le Goc R. , Darcel C. , de Dreuzy J.R.
Published: October 2016

A major use of DFN models for industrial applications is to evaluate permeability and flow structure in hardrock aquifers from geological observations of fracture networks. The relationship between the statistical fracture density distributions and permeability has been extensively studied, but there has been little interest in the spatial structure of DFN models, which is generally assumed to be spatially random (i.e., Poisson). In this paper, we compare the predictions of Poisson DFNs to new DFN models where fractures result from a growth process defined by simplified kinematic rules for nucleation, growth, and fracture arrest. This so‐called “kinematic fracture model” is characterized by a large proportion of T intersections, and a smaller number of intersections per fracture. Several kinematic models were tested and compared with Poisson DFN models with the same density, length, and orientation distributions. Connectivity, permeability, and flow distribution were calculated for 3‐D networks with a self‐similar power law fracture length distribution. For the same statistical properties in orientation and density, the permeability is systematically and significantly smaller by a factor of 1.5–10 for kinematic than for Poisson models. In both cases, the permeability is well described by a linear relationship with the areal density
, but the threshold of kinematic models is 50% larger than of Poisson models. Flow channeling is also enhanced in kinematic DFN models. This analysis demonstrates the importance of choosing an appropriate DFN organization for predicting flow properties from fracture network parameters.
Enhancing Quantum Dot LED Efficiency by Tuning Electron Mobility in the ZnO Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Kirkwood Nicholas , Singh Birendra , Mulvaney Paul
Published: October 2016

Quantum‐dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are an important new class of optoelectronic device. Despite the ubiquity of ZnO as the electron‐transport material in QLEDs, little is known about how its properties influence QLED performance. Here, it is demonstrated that the defect density and electron mobility of the ZnO nanoparticle electron‐transport layer strongly affect QLED device efficiency and can be used to balance electron and hole injection into the QD layer. Films of ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting electron mobilities tuneable over an order of magnitude are made by annealing out defect states in suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles prior to deposition. By incorporating these ZnO films into a typical QLED device, it is demonstrated that a clear maximum in QLED external quantum efficiency can be found at ZnO mobilities around 2–4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, yielding over 10 000 cd m−2 at low operating voltage. The work demonstrates a simple method for enhancing QLED performance without modification of the device architecture and provides valuable insights into the physics of QLED operation.
Optical methods to investigate the enhancement factor of an oxygen‐sensitive colorimetric reaction using microreactors
Authors: Yang Lixia , Dietrich Nicolas , Hébrard Gilles , Loubière Karine , Gourdon Christophe
Published: October 2016

Visualization of mass transfer is a powerful tool to improve understanding of local phenomenon. The use of an oxygen‐sensitive dye (colorimetric technique) (Dietrich et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2013; 100:172–182) has showed its relevancy for locally visualizing and characterizing gas–liquid mass transfer at different scales (Kherbeche et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2013; 100: 515–528; Yang et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2016; 143:364–368). At present, the occurrence of a possible enhancement of the gas–liquid mass transfer by this reaction has not been yet demonstrated. This article aims at filling this gap by evaluating the Hatta number Ha and the enhancement factor E associated with the oxygen colorimetric reaction when implementing in milli/micro channels. For that, as data on the kinetic of the colorimetric reaction are seldom in the literature, the reaction characteristic time was first estimated by carrying out experiments in a microchannel equipped with a micromixer. The diffusion coefficients of dihydroresorufin and O2 were then determined by implementing two original optical methods in a specific coflow microchannel device, coupled with theoretical modelling. The knowledge of these parameters enabled at last to demonstrate that no enhancement of the gas–liquid mass transfer by this colorimetric reaction existed. Complementary information about the reliability of the colorimetric technique to characterize the gas–liquid mass transfer in milli/micro systems was also given. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2272–2284, 2017
Heterogene molekulare Systeme für eine photokatalytische CO2‐Reduktion mit Wasseroxidation
Authors: Liu Xiao , Inagaki Shinji , Gong Jinlong
Published: October 2016

Die künstliche Photosynthese, mit einer CO2‐Reduktion zu Chemikalien und Brennstoffen und einer Wasseroxidation unter Verwendung von Sonnenlicht als Energiequelle, ahmt die natürliche Photosynthese in Grünpflanzen nach. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Technologie eine bedeutende Rolle in unserer zukünftigen Energieversorgung haben wird. Aufgrund der hohen Quantenausbeute und der einfachen Manipulierbarkeit bieten heterogene molekulare Photosysteme auf der Basis von Metallkomplexen eine vielversprechende Plattform für eine effiziente Umwandlung von Solarenergie. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt jüngste Entwicklungen bei der Heterogenisierung solcher Photokatalysatoren. Wir stellen aktuelle Ansätze vor, mit denen die Nachteile einer geringen Beständigkeit und einer unbequemen praktischen Anwendung von homogenen molekularen Systemen überwunden werden sollen, und wir diskutieren die Kopplung der photokatalytischen CO2‐Reduktion mit der Wasseroxidation durch molekulare Vorrichtungen.
Muonium Chemistry at Diiron Subsite Analogues of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Wright Joseph A. , Peck Jamie N. T. , Cottrell Stephen P. , Jablonskytė Aušra , Oganesyan Vasily S. , Pickett Christopher J. , Jayasooriya Upali A.
Published: October 2016

The chemistry of metal hydrides is implicated in a range of catalytic processes at metal centers. Gaining insight into the formation of such sites by protonation and/or electronation is therefore of significant value in fully exploiting the potential of such systems. Here, we show that the muonium radical (Mu.), used as a low isotopic mass analogue of hydrogen, can be exploited to probe the early stages of hydride formation at metal centers. Mu. undergoes the same chemical reactions as H. and can be directly observed due to its short lifetime (in the microseconds) and unique breakdown signature. By implanting Mu. into three models of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase active site we have been able to detect key muoniated intermediates of direct relevance to the hydride chemistry of these systems.
Concise, Enantioselective, and Versatile Synthesis of (−)‐Englerin A Based on a Platinum‐Catalyzed [4C+3C] Cycloaddition of Allenedienes
Authors: Nelson Ronald , Gulías Moisés , Mascareñas José L. , López Fernando
Published: October 2016

A practical synthesis of (−)‐englerin A was accomplished in 17 steps and 11 % global yield from commercially available achiral precursors. The key step consists of a platinum‐catalyzed [4C+3C] allenediene cycloaddition that directly delivers the trans‐fused guaiane skeleton with complete diastereoselectivity. The high enantioselectivity (99 % ee) stems from an asymmetric ruthenium‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of a readily assembled diene–ynone. The synthesis also features a highly stereoselective oxygenation, and a late‐stage cuprate alkylation that enables the preparation of previously inaccessible structural analogues.
Highly Selective Construction of Seven‐Membered Carbocycles by Olefin‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization–Alkoxycarbonylation of Bisallenes
Authors: Zhu Can , Yang Bin , Qiu Youai , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: October 2016

An olefin‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed oxidative carbocyclization–alkoxycarbonylation of bisallenes to afford seven‐membered carbocycles has been established. This dehydrogenative coupling reaction showed excellent substrate scope and functional group compatibility. The reaction exhibited high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, and ester 3 was the only product obtained. The olefin unit has been proven to be indispensable during the reaction. Moreover, intramolecular oxidative coupling suggests that the reaction proceeds via a (π‐allyl)palladium intermediate.
A Cascade Strategy Enables a Total Synthesis of (±)‐Morphine
Authors: Chu Shuyu , Münster Niels , Balan Tudor , Smith Martin D.
Published: October 2016

Morphine has been a target for synthetic chemists since Robinson proposed its correct structure in 1925, resulting in a large number of total syntheses of morphine alkaloids. Here we report a total synthesis of (±)‐morphine that employs two key strategic cyclizations: 1) a diastereoselective light‐mediated cyclization of an O‐arylated butyrolactone to form a tricyclic cis‐fused benzofuran and 2) a cascade ene–yne–ene ring closing metathesis to forge the tetracyclic morphine core. This approach enables a short and stereoselective synthesis of morphine in an overall yield of 6.6 %.
Isolation of a Star‐Shaped Uranium(V/VI) Cluster from the Anaerobic Photochemical Reduction of Uranyl(VI)
Authors: Chatelain Lucile , White Sarah , Scopelliti Rosario , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: October 2016

Actinide oxo clusters are an important class of compounds due to their impact on actinide migration in the environment. The photolytic reduction of uranyl(VI) has potential application in catalysis and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing, but the intermediate species involved in this reduction have not yet been elucidated. Here we show that the photolysis of partially hydrated uranyl(VI) in anaerobic conditions leads to the reduction of uranyl(VI), and to the incorporation of the resulting UV species into the stable mixed‐valent star‐shaped UVI/UV oxo cluster [U(UO2)5(μ3‐O)5(PhCOO)5(Py)7] (1). This cluster is only the second example of a UVI/UV cluster and the first one associating uranyl groups to a non‐uranyl(V) center. The UV center in 1 is stable, while the reaction of uranyl(V) iodide with potassium benzoate leads to immediate disproportionation and formation of the U12IVU4VO24 cluster {[K(Py)2]2[K(Py)]2[U16O24(PhCOO)24(Py)2]} (5).
Heterogeneous Molecular Systems for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Xiao , Inagaki Shinji , Gong Jinlong
Published: October 2016

Artificial photosynthesis—reduction of CO2 into chemicals and fuels with water oxidation in the presence of sunlight as the energy source—mimics natural photosynthesis in green plants, and is considered to have a significant part to play in future energy supply and protection of our environment. The high quantum efficiency and easy manipulation of heterogeneous molecular photosystems based on metal complexes enables them to act as promising platforms to achieve efficient conversion of solar energy. This Review describes recent developments in the heterogenization of such photocatalysts. The latest state‐of‐the‐art approaches to overcome the drawbacks of low durability and inconvenient practical application in homogeneous molecular systems are presented. The coupling of photocatalytic CO2 reduction with water oxidation through molecular devices to mimic natural photosynthesis is also discussed.
Phosphine‐Stabilized Borylenes and Boryl Anions as Ligands? Redox Reactivity in Boron‐Based Pincer Complexes
Authors: Vondung Lisa , Frank Nicolas , Fritz Maximilian , Alig Lukas , Langer Robert
Published: October 2016

Stabilized borylenes (L2BH:) with weakly π‐accepting substituents L, such as phosphines, were previously believed to be unstable. In the current manuscript, we describe a series of complexes formally containing a phosphine‐stabilized borylene or boryl anion. In contrast to common trivalent boron compounds, the boron‐based ligands in this study act as electron‐donating ligands. The reported iron hydride complexes exhibit a unique reactivity pattern, undergoing a reversible B−H reductive elimination concomitant with oxidation of the boron(I) center.
Nanofibrillar Stimulus‐Responsive Cholesteric Microgels with Catalytic Properties
Authors: Cho Sangho , Li Yunfeng , Seo Minseok , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: October 2016

We report composite stimulus‐responsive cholesteric catalytically active microgels derived from filamentous supramolecular building blocks: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The variation in the microgel dimensions and pitch in response to the change in ambient conditions was governed by the polymer component. The cholesteric morphology of the microgels resulted from the self‐organization of CNCs in spherical confinement. The microgels exhibited excellent structural integrity and functioned as microreactors in catalytic hydrolysis reactions and in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Because of these collective properties, the reported microgels show much promise for application in the design of functional responsive materials.
Thermally Induced Intra‐Carboxyl Proton Shuttle in a Molecular Rack‐and‐Pinion Cascade Achieving Macroscopic Crystal Deformation
Authors: Huang You‐Gui , Shiota Yoshihito , Su Sheng‐Qun , Wu Shu‐Qi , Yao Zi‐Shuo , Li Guo‐Ling , Kanegawa Shinji , Kang Soonchul , Kamachi Takashi , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Ariga Katsuhiko , Sato Osamu
Published: October 2016

Proton transport via dynamic molecules is ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. However, its use as a switching mechanism for properties in functional molecular assemblies is far less common. In this study, we demonstrate how an intra‐carboxyl proton shuttle can be generated in a molecular assembly akin to a rack‐and‐pinion cascade via a thermally induced single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal phase transition. In a triply interpenetrated supramolecular organic framework (SOF), a 4,4′‐azopyridine (azpy) molecule connects to two biphenyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid (H4BPTC) molecules to form a functional molecular system with switchable mechanical properties. A temperature change reversibly triggers a molecular movement akin to a rack‐and‐pinion cascade, which mainly involves 1) an intra‐carboxyl proton shuttle coupled with tilting of the azo molecules and azo pedal motion and 2) H4BPTC translation. Moreover, both the molecular motions are collective, and being propagated across the entire framework, leading to a macroscopic crystal expansion and contraction.
Trapping σ‐Alkyl–Palladium(II) Intermediates with Arynes Encompassing Intramolecular C−H Activation: Spirobiaryls through Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions
Authors: Pérez‐Gómez Marta , García‐López José‐Antonio
Published: October 2016

A palladium‐catalyzed cascade reaction based on the trapping of transient alkyl–PdII intermediates with arynes encompassing a C−H activation step has been developed. This synthetic pathway gives rise to hetero‐spirocyclic scaffolds containing a biaryl motif, and opens up new synthetic strategies in the design of cascade reactions since it gathers several aspects of Pd chemistry, i.e., intra‐ and intermolecular carbopalladation of unsaturated species, C−H activation and C−C coupling processes.
Sulfonium Ylides by (3+2) Cycloaddition of Arynes with Vinyl Sulfides: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Li Yuanming , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido
Published: October 2016

The reaction of in situ generated arynes with vinyl sulfides provides benzannulated sulfonium ylides in a (3+2) cycloaddition. Trapping of the intermediate ylides with electrophiles (proton transfer or a second aryne addition) and subsequent β‐elimination give rise to di‐, tri‐, or tetrasubstituted alkenes with high stereoselectivity. Experimental studies and DFT calculations provide insight into the mechanisms of these cascade reactions.
Short‐Range Order of Methylammonium and Persistence of Distortion at the Local Scale in MAPbBr3 Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Page Katharine , Siewenie Joan E. , Quadrelli Paolo , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: October 2016

Short‐range investigation by means of variable‐temperature neutron total scattering and pair distribution function analysis revealed that the local environment around the methylammonium (MA) cation in MAPbBr3 hybrid perovskite is maintained through the different phase transitions observed as a function of temperature. In addition, the orthorhombic distortion of the lattice is present at any temperature. Local structure around MA changes from static to configurationally averaged or dynamic with temperature but the local structure of the low‐temperature orthorhombic phase is preserved.
Asymmetric Anion–π Catalysis on Perylenediimides
Authors: Wang Chao , Miros François N. , Mareda Jiri , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2016

Anion–π catalysis, that is the stabilization of anionic transition states on π‐acidic aromatic surfaces, has so far been developed with naphthalenediimides (NDIs). This report introduces perylenediimides (PDIs) to anion–π catalysis. The quadrupole moment of PDIs (+23.2 B) is found to exceed that of NDIs and reach new records with acceptors in the core (+70.9 B), and their larger surface provides space to better accommodate chemical transformations. Unlike NDIs, the activity of PDI catalysts for enolate and enamine addition is determined by the twist of their π surface rather than their reducibility. These results, further strengthened by nitrate inhibition and circular dichroism spectroscopy, support an understanding of anion–π interactions centered around quadrupole moments, i.e., electrostatic contributions, rather than redox potentials and charge transfer. The large PDI surfaces provide access to the highest enantioselectivities observed so far in anion–π catalysis (96 % ee).
A Migratory Ether Formation Route to Medium‐Sized Sugar Mimetics
Authors: Jiang Hao , Xu Li‐Ping , Fang Yan , Zhang Zhen‐Xing , Yang Zhen , Huang Yong
Published: October 2016

Polyol‐substituted cyclic ethers are fundamental building blocks of biomolecules. The position and stereochemistry of multiple hydroxy substituents of cyclic ethers play a central role in their biological function. Current methods for the synthesis of such structures are limited to “naked” ring products with no or few substituents. Here we describe a general route to medium‐sized polyol cyclic ethers using a migratory ether formation strategy. In contrast to the common pathway of direct opening of epoxides, Me3Al was found to promote an unprecedented ether addition reaction, opening a neighboring epoxide. The resulting oxonium intermediate triggers a 1,3‐methyl shift to yield 2‐deoxyribital products. When the hemiacetal auxiliary is a monosaccharide, the sugar ring is expanded by four atoms to give the corresponding 9‐ to 11‐membered analogues. This method provides an entry into the untapped chemical space of medium‐sized sugar mimetics.
The Binary Group 4 Azides [PPh4]2[Zr(N3)6] and [PPh4]2[Hf(N3)6]
Authors: Deokar Piyush , Vasiliu Monica , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O. , Haiges Ralf
Published: October 2016

The binary zirconium and hafnium polyazides [PPh4]2[M(N3)6] (M=Zr, Hf) were obtained in near quantitative yields from the corresponding metal fluorides MF4 by fluoride–azide exchange reactions with Me3SiN3 in the presence of two equivalents of [PPh4][N3]. The novel polyazido compounds were characterized by their vibrational spectra and their X‐ray crystal structures. Both anion structures provide experimental evidence for near‐linear M‐N‐N coordination of metal azides. The species [M(N3)4], [M(N3)5]− and [M(N3)6]2− (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) were studied by quantum chemical calculations at the electronic structure density functional theory and MP2 levels.
Synthesis of a self‐emulsifiable waterborne epoxy curing agent based on glycidyl tertiary carboxylic ester and its cure characteristics
Authors: Zhang Kai , Huang Chunbao , Fang Qiujie , Lu Qin
Published: October 2016

A novel self‐emulsifiable waterborne amine‐terminated curing agent for epoxy resin based on glycidyl tertiary carboxylic ester (GTCE) was synthesized through three steps of addition reaction, capping reaction, and salification reaction of triethylene tetramine (TETA) and liquid epoxy resin (E‐44). The curing agent with good emulsifying and curing properties was gradually obtained under condition of the molar ratio of TETA: E‐44 as 2.2: 1 at 65 °C for 4 h, 100% primary amine capped with GTCE at 70 °C for 3 h, and 20% salifiable rate with glacial acetic acid. The curing agent was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The curing behavior of the E‐44/GTCE‐TETA‐E‐44 system was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT‐IR. Results showed that the optimal mass ratio for E‐44/GTCE‐TETA‐E‐44 system was 3 to 1, and the curing agent showed a relatively lower curing temperature. The cured film prepared by the self‐emulsifiable curing agent and epoxy resin under the optimal mass ratio displayed good thermal property, hardness, toughness, adhesion, and corrosion resistance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44246.
Which Type of Citation Analysis Generates the Most Accurate Taxonomy of Scientific and Technical Knowledge?
Authors: Klavans Richard , Boyack Kevin W.
Published: October 2016

In 1965, Price foresaw the day when a citation‐based taxonomy of science and technology would be delineated and correspondingly used for science policy. A taxonomy needs to be comprehensive and accurate if it is to be useful for policy making, especially now that policy makers are utilizing citation‐based indicators to evaluate people, institutions and laboratories. Determining the accuracy of a taxonomy, however, remains a challenge. Previous work on the accuracy of partition solutions is sparse, and the results of those studies, although useful, have not been definitive. In this study we compare the accuracies of topic‐level taxonomies based on the clustering of documents using direct citation, bibliographic coupling, and co‐citation. Using a set of new gold standards—articles with at least 100 references—we find that direct citation is better at concentrating references than either bibliographic coupling or co‐citation. Using the assumption that higher concentrations of references denote more accurate clusters, direct citation thus provides a more accurate representation of the taxonomy of scientific and technical knowledge than either bibliographic coupling or co‐citation. We also find that discipline‐level taxonomies based on journal schema are highly inaccurate compared to topic‐level taxonomies, and recommend against their use.
Social participation and its relation to internalizing symptoms among youth with autism spectrum disorder as they transition from high school
Authors: Lounds Taylor Julie , Adams Ryan E. , Bishop Somer L.
Published: October 2016

In the present study, we examined how unstructured (e.g., spending time with friends or co‐workers) and structured (e.g., attending social events at a place of workshop, sports teams) social participation changed from before to after high school for youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as the longitudinal and concurrent relations between social participation and internalizing symptoms. Participants included 36 families of youth with ASD who were all in their last year of high school at the first time point of data collection, and who were out of high school for an average of 9 months at the second time point. Social participation and internalizing symptoms were determined using parental report. There was no average change in the amount of unstructured social participation after high school exit, although substantial individual variability was observed. Participation in structured social activities significantly declined after high school exit. Youth who had more structured social participation while in high school were significantly more likely to have gains in their unstructured social participation after high school exit. Turning to relationships between internalizing and social activities, more internalizing symptoms while youth with ASD were in high school significantly predicted increasing social isolation after high school exit (both in terms of structured and unstructured activities). Results point to the likely need for additional supports during the transition to adulthood for youth with ASD who have internalizing problems. Autism Res 2016. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2017, 10: 663–672. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioanalytical method for the estimation of co‐administered esomeprazole, leflunomide and ibuprofen in human plasma and in pharmaceutical dosage forms using micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Talaat Wael
Published: October 2016

The present study represents a connection between basic science and clinical applied science through providing a bioanalytical method for the analysis of certain co‐administered drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The studied drugs are esomeprazole, leflunomide and ibuprofen. The proposed bioanalytical method is a simple reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method using micellar mobile phase. The method is conducted using a Shim‐pack VP‐ODS (150 mm × 4.6 mm ID) stainless steel column at ambient temperature with ultraviolet detection at 285 nm. The micellar mobile phase consisted of 0.1 m sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% n‐propanol, 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 m orthophosphoric acid (pH 3.5) and is pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curve was rectilinear over the concentration range of 0.1–5.0, 0.5–10.0 and 1.0–20.0 μg/mL for esomeprazole, leflunomide and ibuprofen respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of these drugs in dosage forms. The method is extended to the in‐vitro, in‐vivo determination of these drugs in spiked and real human plasma samples.
Is there a role for IGF‐1 in the development of second primary cancers?
Authors: Shanmugalingam Thurkaa , Bosco Cecilia , Ridley Anne J. , Van Hemelrijck Mieke
Published: October 2016

Cancer survival rates are increasing, and as a result, more cancer survivors are exposed to the risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC). It has been hypothesized that one of the underlying mechanisms for this risk could be mediated by variations in insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). This review summarizes the current epidemiological evidence to identify whether IGF‐1 plays a role in the development of SPCs. IGF‐1 is known to promote cancer development by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between circulating IGF‐1 levels and various primary cancers, such as breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. The role of IGF‐1 in increasing SPC risk has been explored less. Nonetheless, several experimental studies have observed a deregulation of the IGF‐1 pathway, which may explain the association between IGF‐1 and SPCs. Thus, measuring serum IGF‐1 may serve as a useful marker in assessing the risk of SPCs, and therefore, more translational experimental and epidemiological studies are needed to further disentangle the role of IGF‐1 in the development of specific SPCs.
Clinical significance of granule‐containing myeloma cells in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhito , Yano Shingo , Nishiwaki Kaichi , Sano Koji , Shimada Takaki , Yahagi Yuichi , Ogasawara Yoji , Sugiyama Katsuki , Takahara Shinobu , Saito Takeshi , Kasama Kinuyo , Minami Jiro , Yokoyama Hiroki , Kamiyama Yutaro , Katsube Atsushi , Masuoka Hidekazu , Katori Mitsuji , Machishima Tomohito , Ouchi Aya , Dobashi Nobuaki , Kaito Ken , Usui Noriko , Aiba Keisuke
Published: October 2016

The clinical features and prognostic significance of myeloma cells containing granules remain unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical significance of granule‐containing myeloma cells in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We retrospectively analyzed the records of 122 patients diagnosed with NDMM between January 2007 and December 2013. Granule‐containing myeloma cells were defined as myeloma cells that exhibited three or more granules in their cytoplasm by May‐Giemsa staining. The patients were classified into two groups, the granule‐containing myeloma (GM) and nongranule‐containing myeloma (non‐GM) groups, depending on the proportion of myeloma cells that contained granules (cut‐off value: 10%). There were 25 (20.5%) patients in the GM group. Patients in the GM group displayed significantly higher CD56 and CD49e expression than those in the non‐GM group (t‐test, P = 0.027 and 0.042). None of the patient characteristics differed significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the chemotherapy profiles of the two groups, and the overall response rates of the two groups were similar. During the median follow‐up period of 33.9 months, the overall survival (OS) in the GM group was similar to that in the non‐GM group; 4‐year OS of the GM and non‐GM groups were 78.5% and 51.9%, respectively (P = 0.126). We concluded that cases of NDMM involving granule‐containing myeloma cells are not infrequent. Moreover, CD56 and CD49e expression was significantly higher in the presence of myeloma cell populations, and the presence of granules did not affect survival.
Al‐doped SBA‐15 Catalysts for Low‐temperature Dehydration of 1,3‐Butanediol into Butadiene
Authors: Jing Fangli , Katryniok Benjamin , Paul Sébastien , Fang Lin , Liebens Armin , Shen Ming , Hu Bingwen , Dumeignil Franck , Pera‐Titus Marc
Published: October 2016

SBA‐15 catalysts doped with variable aluminum amounts were prepared through a facile evaporation‐induced self‐assembly process. The textural properties and acidity of the catalysts could be tuned simply by varying the aluminum content. The genesis of acid sites with weak and medium strength during reaction was directly correlated to the catalytic activity for the dehydration of 1,3‐butanediol into butadiene (BD). The best performance was achieved over an Al‐SBA‐15 sample with a silica/alumina ratio of 76, exhibiting a stable BD yield of 59 % at temperatures as low as 200 °C.
Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Sandwich‐Like Carbon Materials for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Yiju , Chen Chaoji , Gao Tingting , Zhang Dongming , Huang Xiaomei , Pan Yue , Ye Ke , Cheng Kui , Cao Dianxue , Wang Guiling
Published: October 2016

For the first time, hierarchically porous carbon materials with a sandwich‐like structure are synthesized through a facile and efficient tri‐template approach. The hierarchically porous microstructures consist of abundant macropores and numerous micropores embedded into the crosslinked mesoporous walls. As a result, the obtained carbon material with a unique sandwich‐like structure has a relatively high specific surface (1235 m2 g−1), large pore volume (1.30 cm3 g−1), and appropriate pore size distribution. These merits lead to a comparably high specific capacitance of 274.8 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and satisfying rate performance (87.7 % retention from 1 to 20 A g−1). More importantly, the symmetric supercapacitor with two identical as‐prepared carbon samples shows a superior energy density of 18.47 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 179.9 W kg−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor based on as‐obtained carbon sample and its composite with manganese dioxide (MnO2) can reach up to an energy density of 25.93 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 199.9 W kg−1. Therefore, these unique carbon material open a promising prospect for future development and utilization in the field of energy storage.
A Hexagonal Covalent Porphyrin Framework as an Efficient Support for Gold Nanoparticles toward Catalytic Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Ding Zheng‐Dong , Wang Yu‐Xia , Xi Sai‐Fei , Li Yunxing , Li Zaijun , Ren Xuehong , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: October 2016

A hexagonal porphyrin‐based porous organic polymer, namely, CPF‐1, was constructed by 3+2 ketoenamine condensation of the C2‐symmetric porphyrin diamine 5,15‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,20‐diphenylporphyrin and 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol. This material exhibits permanent porosity and excellent thermal and chemical stability. CPF‐1 can be employed as a superior supporting substrate to immobilize Au nanoparticles (NPs) as a result of the strong interactions between Au NPs and the CPF support. An Au@CPF‐1 hybrid was synthesized by an interfacial solution infiltration method with NaBH4 as reducing agent. Au NPs (5 nm) grew on CPF‐1 and were distributed without aggregation. Moreover, Au@CPF‐1 exhibits superior catalytic activity compared to many other reported Au‐based catalysts for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH4. In addition, Au@CPF‐1 has excellent stability and recyclability, and it can be reused for three successive reaction cycles without loss of activity. The dense distribution of phenyl rings on the channel walls of the CPF support can reasonably be regarded as the active sites that adsorb the 4‐nitrophenol molecule through hydrogen‐bonding and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, as was confirmed by the X‐ray structure of model compound DAPP‐Benz.
Facile Light‐Mediated Preparation of Small Polymer‐Coated Palladium‐Nanoparticles and Their Application as Catalysts for Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Mäsing Florian , Wang Xi , Nüsse Harald , Klingauf Jürgen , Studer Armido
Published: October 2016

A facile light‐mediated preparation of small palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) with a diameter of 1.3 nm and low dispersity by using low‐priced and readily prepared photoactive polymers is presented. These polymers act as reagents for the photochemical reduction of Pd ions and they are also stabilizers for the PdNPs generated in situ. The PdNP–polymer hybrid materials prepared by this reliable approach are efficient hydrogenation catalysts that show high activity and Z‐selectivity in the semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. These PdNP–catalyst hybrid materials can be readily recycled and reused up to five times.
Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Gels for RDCs and RCSAs Collection: NMR Imaging Study of Buckling Phenomena
Authors: Hellemann Erich , Teles Rubens R. , Hallwass Fernando , Barros W. , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Gil Roberto R.
Published: October 2016

Anisotropic NMR parameters, such as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), residual chemical shift anisotropies (RCSAs) and residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs or ΔνQ), appear in solution‐state NMR when the molecules under study are subjected to a degree of order. The tunable alignment by reversible compression/relaxation of gels (PMMA and p‐HEMA) is an easy, user‐friendly, and very affordable method to measure them. When using this method, a fraction of isotropic NMR signals is observed in the NMR spectra, even at a maximum degree of compression. To explain the origin of these isotropic signals we decided to investigate their physical location inside the NMR tube using deuterium 1D imaging and MRI micro‐imaging experiments. It was observed that after a certain degree of compression the gels start to buckle and they generate pockets of isotropic solvent, which are never eliminated. The amount of buckling depends on the amount of cross‐linker and the length of the gel.
Phototriggered Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Pal Deep Sankar , Kar Haridas , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: October 2016

Photo‐initiated supramolecular polymerization of a naphthalenediimide (NDI‐1) derivative containing an ortho‐nitrobenzyl (ONB)‐protected amide group is demonstrated. In a hydrocarbon solvent (methylcyclohexane), it remains as monomer. Upon photo‐irradiation, deprotection of the ONB group produces NDI‐2 with a free amide group, which drives supramolecular polymerization by self‐complementary H‐bonding between the amide groups, leading to gelation. The polymerization rate can be controlled by tuning the energy of the light source. During photopolymerization, a gradual increase in hydrodynamic radius and viscosity is noticed. More interestingly, the morphology of the supramolecular polymer of NDI‐2, produced by photo‐irradiation, was a spherulite, which is in sharp contrast with the fibrillar morphology of NDI‐2 polymer, when assembled spontaneously without a phototrigger. This is ascribed to the ability of the ONB‐caged pro‐monomer (NDI‐1) to act as a chain‐stopper by forming a H‐bonded complex with the active monomer during the growth of the supramolecular polymer under photo‐irradiation.
Insertion of Isolated Alkynes into Carbon–Carbon σ‐Bonds of Unstrained Cyclic β‐Ketoesters via Transition‐Metal‐Free Tandem Reactions: Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Ring Compounds
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Tao Xianghua , Yao Qiyi , Zhao Yulei , Li Yanzhong
Published: October 2016

The transition‐metal‐free insertion of isolated alkynes into carbon–carbon σ‐bonds of unstrained cyclic β‐dicarbonyl compounds has been reported. These tandem reactions offer an efficient synthesis of medium‐sized ring or fused‐ring compounds through ring expansion. The methodology has the potential to be widely used throughout organic synthesis due to the easily accessible starting materials and mild reaction conditions.