bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new polymorphs of cis-perinone: crystal structures, physical and electric properties
Authors: Zherebtsov D. A. , Schmidt M. U. , Niewa R. , Sakthidharan C. P. , Podgornov F. V. , Matveychuk Y. V. , Nayfert S. A. , Polozov M. A. , Ivashevskaya S. N. , Stash A. I. , Chen Yu-Sheng , Zhivulin D. E. , Zhivulin V. E. , Merzlov S. V. , Bartashevich E. V. , Avdin V. V. , Hsu Hua Shu , Guo Feng Wei
Published: May 2019

The crystal structures of two polymorphs of cis-perinone (bisbenzimidazo[2,1-b:1′,2′-j]benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-6,9-dione, Pigment Red 194) were solved from single crystals obtained solvothermally from 1,2-dichlorobenzene or n-butanol at 220°C. Both crystal structures (space group P21/c) derive from stacking of flat molecules arranged due to π–π interaction. The melting points of these two polymorphs are 471°C and 468°C and their respective optical bandgaps are 1.94 eV and 1.71 eV. One of the polymorphs demonstrates drift and hopping mechanisms of electric conductivity, whereas the other one is dominated by the drift conductivity. The direct current (DC) electric conductivity of the samples are 4.77 × 10−13 S m−1 and 6.84 × 10−10 S m−1 at room temperature. The significant difference in DC conductivities can be explained by the dependence of the mobility and concentration of charge carriers on the structure of the samples.
A. Fuat Firat: a personal history
Authors: Firat A. Fuat
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the personal and academic growth of A. Fuat Firat as one example of his academic life.

Originality/value

This is a more personal history, in addition to the 2014 academic history of A. Fuat Firat
Seeking diversity? Consider virtual internships
Authors: Kraft Carina , Jeske Debora , Bayerlein Leopold
Published: May 2019

Purpose

The present paper aims to outline the case for diversity gains for employers via virtual internships, while recognizing the role of government and educational support.

Design/methodology/approach

In the context of Australian employment statistics about people with disabilities, the actors, key issues and barriers to utilizing virtual internships are explored.

Findings

The results of an online survey with 24 career, access and inclusion service officers at Australian universities suggested that the large majority were unfamiliar with virtual internships, as many shared concerns about what kind of learning and mentoring opportunities such computer-mediated internships may provide to their students.

Practical implications

Employers embracing new e-HR developments may be particularly well situated to adopt virtual internships and combine these effectively with existing diversity initiatives, many of which already include mentoring and learning opportunities. A closer dialogue with career, access and inclusion services may further support a fruitful knowledge exchange and reduce the concerns of educational representatives about virtual internships and their usefulness to increase the employment prospects of people with disabilities.

Originality/value

At present, virtual internship programs remain the exception, and are often not connected with diversity initiatives, nor are virtual internships well known among student services. However, virtual internships represent a promising opportunity for employers who wish to access untapped national (or even international) talent pools and thus candidates that would benefit from and contribute to their diversity initiatives.
Cheaper, better, and more accountable? Twenty‐five years of prisons privatisation in Victoria
Authors: Sands Valarie , O'Neill Deirdre , Hodge Graeme
Published: May 2019

Twenty‐five years after the Kennett government began privatising prisons, Victoria has the world's highest proportion of prisoners in private prisons. When the privatisation project began, it was confidently expected that privately managed prisons would be cheaper, better, and more accountable than traditional public sector provision. This paper examines whether those anticipated benefits have been realised. In doing so, we assess system‐wide operating costs, specific measures of performance, and accountability of the prison system between 1992 and 2017. Using publicly available data, we conclude temporary lower costs occurred but have not been sustained. Similarly, performance improvements are mixed, and enhanced accountability is contested. Although the performance information now available on Victoria's prisons is superior to what was available in the pre‐privatisation era, successive Victorian governments have also overseen arrangements that severely curtail dissemination of such data. This has restricted the capacity of Parliament and the public not only to hold government to account for the operations of the prison system, but also to evaluate the efficacy and impact of the prisons privatisation project. We conclude a more definitive assessment will only be possible when current limitations on accessing performance and other data are lifted enabling greater public scrutiny of Victoria's prison system.
New public management, physicians and populism: Turkey's experience with health reforms
Authors: Agartan Tuba I. , Kuhlmann Ellen
Published: May 2019

Recent debates on the rise of right‐wing or neoliberal populism globally have prompted public health and health systems researchers to explore its implications in the healthcare systems. This case study of Turkey's recent health reform initiative, the Health Transformation Program, aims to contribute to this debate by examining the nexus among populism, professionalism and the contemporary market and managerial reforms, often described as New Public Management (NPM). Building on document analysis and secondary sources, this article introduces a framework to explore whether and how populist agendas grow up in the shadow of NPM policies. We aim to deepen our understanding of the governance settings that might be used in different ways by right‐wing populist leaders to advance their agendas. Our research reveals that the NPM reforms in Turkey have opened a ‘backdoor’ through which right‐wing populist agendas were supported and the position of the medical profession as an important stakeholder in the institutional settings was weakened. However, what mattered most in the reform process was not the policies themselves but the ways new managerialist policies were implemented. Our analysis makes blind spots of the NPM reforms and healthcare governance research visible and calls for greater attention to implementation processes.
A Rare Presentation of Sudden Death due to Pulmonary Thromboembolism Possibly as a Result of Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Chan Shijia , Tan Huimin
Published: May 2019

Hepatic hemangiomas are usually detected incidentally when investigating for other nonrelated pathologies. When symptomatic, they are usually large and cause symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or other digestive issues. Occasionally, uncommon presentations such as bleeding with coagulopathy (Kasabach–Merritt syndrome) or even fever of unknown origin may occur. As hepatic hemangiomas are benign, they do not result in tumor emboli and pulmonary thromboembolism due to hepatic hemangiomas is extremely rare. This is a case report of a rare case of a female with no known past medical history who presented with sudden death due to pulmonary thromboembolism, possibly as a result of an underlying giant hepatic hemangioma. Incidentally, she also had three other tumors—pancreatic cystic lymphangioma, cerebral capillary telangiectasia, and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and their potential contribution to the cause of death will be discussed.
The Influence of Evidence on Animal Cruelty Prosecution and Case Outcomes: Results of a Survey
Authors: Lockwood Randall , Touroo Rachel , Olin Jaime , Dolan Emily
Published: May 2019

Two hundred prosecuting attorneys completed a survey concerning priorities in taking on animal cruelty cases and the factors that help or hinder prosecuting such cases. Respondents commented on the priority given such cases. Questions also addressed specific kinds of evidence that had been used to decide whether to take on a cruelty case and were used in court. Results showed that prosecutors most frequently relied upon “traditional” sources of evidence, including detailed medical and crime scene reports and good quality photographic evidence. Other sources of forensic evidence such as DNA, computer forensics, forensic accounting, blood, and trace evidence were rarely employed. Veterinary forensic evidence, including forensic necropsies and detailed medical reports, was viewed as an important factor by a majority of prosecutors in deciding whether to accept a case for prosecution and in achieving a successful outcome, but a need for additional training for investigators was indicated.
Mango Seed Kernel Fat as a Cocoa Butter Substitute Suitable for the Tropics
Authors: Naeem Adan , Shabbir Muhammad A. , Khan Moazzam R. , Ahmad Naveed , Roberts Thomas H.
Published: May 2019

Cocoa butter is a key ingredient in many chocolate products but its partial substitution with mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed kernel fat (MSKF) has the potential to reduce chocolate production costs and improve shelf‐life. Here, MSKF was extracted from three cultivars of mango grown in Pakistan: Lal Badshah, Anwar Retual, and Chaunsa. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the MSKF samples were studied at 0, 30, and 60 days of storage at 30 °C, a temperature reflecting typical storage conditions in the tropics. Overall, the Lal Badshah MSKF had the most favorable physicochemical properties, including the highest DPPH antioxidant activity among the three cultivars. Thus, Lal Badshah MSKF was used to formulate cocoa butter substitute chocolate (CBSC), substituting the cocoa butter at 20 to 80 g/100 g. CBSC had a lower value for hardness (3.80 N) compared with the control chocolate (4.42 N). Color values L*, a*, and b* were not significantly affected by the different rates of substitution or by length of storage. Oxidative stability and antioxidant potential of CBSC increased with both higher substitution levels of MSKF and length of storage. The results suggest that MSKF can be utilized as a cocoa butter substitute at levels up to 60 g/100 g. This potential for substitution is particularly valuable for tropical regions where refrigerated storage may not be available or financially viable.

Practical Application

Mango seed kernel fat (MSKF) has potential to be used as a cocoa butter substitute in confectionery products, particularly chocolate. The mango industry could utilize fat extraction from mango seeds, which are normally a waste product, for value adding.
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection following rituximab treatment in HBsAg‐negative, HBcAb‐positive rheumatoid arthritis patients: A long‐term, real‐world observation
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ming , Chen Hsin‐Hua , Huang Wen‐Nan , Chen Yi‐Hsing , Hsieh Tsu‐Yi , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Lan Joung‐Liang , Chen Der‐Yuan
Published: May 2019

Aim

Longitudinal data of the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (rHBV) and serial serological markers or HBV‐DNA has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the temporal course of rHBV development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing long‐term rituximab therapy.

Methods

The occurrence of rHBV was examined in 157 RA patients during rituximab therapy. Serum levels of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV core antibody (HBcAb), and HBsAb were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, and viral loads by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay.

Results

Among 157 patients undergoing rituximab therapy, 103 (65.6%) were HBsAg‐negative and HBcAb‐positive. Before rituximab therapy, 20 (19.4%) of these 103 patients were HBsAb‐negative, while 83 (80.1%) were HBsAb‐positive. Five (20%) HBsAb‐negative patients developed rHBV after rituximab therapy. Among 83 HBsAb‐positive patients, 4 (4.8%) developed rHBV. Among 9 patients with rHBV, 7 (77.7%) exhibited HBsAg seroreversion. Significant decline of HBsAb titers (mean ± SD, 296.0 ± 417.3 mIU/mL at baseline vs 187.0 ± 332.5 mIU/mL after rituximab therapy, P < 0.001) was observed in HBsAg‐/HBsAb + patients. All HBsAg‐negative patients who developed rHBV during rituximab therapy were characterized by baseline HBsAb titers < 100 mIU/mL and negative HBsAb at the time of rHBV. HBsAb positivity was an independent protective factor for rHBV (hazards ratio: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.62, P = 0.009).

Conclusion

Baseline HBsAb positivity was a significant protective factor for rHBV in HBsAg‐negative, HBcAb‐positive RA patients receiving rituximab therapy.
Headache and vision changes in an elderly man with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kwok Timothy S.H. , Daneman Nick , Lake Shirley L.
Published: May 2019

We present a case of an elderly, immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis who was not appropriately vaccinated, and subsequently developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus, which initially presented similar to giant cell arteritis. Evidence‐based vaccinations are integral in decreasing the incidence of preventable diseases and promoting optimal health at the individual and population level. Although the patient ultimately did not suffer any long‐term adverse sequelae, this case highlights the importance of vaccination in the rheumatology setting, and to consider both inflammatory and infectious causes of headache and vision changes in the elderly.
Multicenter Comparison of Nonsupine Versus Supine Positioning During Intubation in the Emergency Department: A National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) Study
Authors: Stoecklein H. Hill , Kelly Christopher , Kaji Amy H. , Fantegrossi Andrea , Carlson Margaret , Fix Megan L. , Madsen Troy , Walls Ron M. , Brown Calvin A. ,   on behalf of the NEAR Investigators
Published: May 2019

Objective

Head‐up positioning for preoxygenation and ramping for morbidly obese patients are well‐accepted techniques, but the effect of head‐up positioning with full torso elevation for all intubations is controversial. We compared first‐pass success, adverse events, and glottic view between supine (SP) and nonsupine (NSP) positioning for emergency department (ED) patients undergoing orotracheal intubation.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for ED intubations over a 2‐year period from 25 participating centers in the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR). We compared characteristics and outcomes for adult patients intubated orotracheally in SP and NSP positions with either a direct or video laryngoscope. We report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for categorical variables and interquartile ranges with 95% CI for continuous variables. Our primary outcome was first‐attempt intubation success and secondary outcomes were glottic views and peri‐intubation adverse events.

Results

Of 11,480 total intubations, 5.8% were performed in NSP. The NSP group included significantly more obese patients (OR = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.9–2.6]) and patients with a suspected difficult airway (OR = 1.8 [95% CI = 1.6–2.2]). First‐pass success (adjusted OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9–1.4]) and overall rate of grade I glottic views (OR = 1.1 [95% CI = 0.9–1.2]) were similar between groups while NSP had a significantly higher rate of grade I views when direct laryngoscopy was employed (OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.04–1.54]). NSP was associated with higher odds of any adverse event (OR = 1.4 [95% CI = 1.1–1.7]).

Conclusions

ED providers utilized SP in most ED intubations but were more likely to use NSP for patients who were obese or in whom they predicted a difficult airway. We found no differences in first‐pass success between groups but total adverse events were more likely in NSP. A randomized trial comparing patient positioning during intubation in the ED is warranted.
Pulp sensibility to electric stimuli in the Caucasian population
Authors: Barczak Katarzyna , Palczewska‐Komsa Mirona , Wilk Aleksandra , Nowicka Alicja , Buczkowska‐Radlińska Jadwiga , Wiszniewska Barbara , Kotwas Artur
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to determine electric sensibility of the pulp in the Caucasian population depending on tooth morphotype, age and sex. Dental pulp sensibility was determined in 279 patients (2640 teeth). The study group consisted of 226 patients (1296 teeth), 110 men and 116 women aged 55–101. The control group consisted of 53 patients (1344 teeth), 23 men and 30 women aged 20–30. A statistically significant lower sensory threshold and increased pulp sensibility in the study group were noted. These affected the lower incisors, the second upper premolars and the first and second upper molar. The differences in the pulp sensibility were found in the region of maxillary central incisors, maxillary premolars, mandibular lateral incisors and mandibular premolars. The pulp sensibility threshold was lower for the aforementioned groups of teeth in the study group. The correlation between sensibility of the pulp and sex was not confirmed.
Decrease of spermatozoa with an unbalanced chromosome content after cell sorting in men carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality
Authors: El Fekih S. , Tous C. , Gueganic N. , Brugnon F. , Ali H. Ben , Bujan L. , Moinard N. , Caire‐Tetauru E. , Ajina M. , Douet‐Guilbert N. , Morel F. , Perrin A.
Published: May 2019

Background

We showed that in men with a constitutional chromosomal abnormality, DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in chromosomally unbalanced spermatozoa than in spermatozoa with a normal or balanced chromosomal content. These results could be explained by a phenomenon already described in infertile men: abortive apoptosis.

Objectives

To determine whether magnetic‐activated cell separation could select spermatozoa with lower levels of DNA fragmentation and unbalanced chromosome content in men carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality.

Materials and methods

The spermatozoa of ten males with a chromosomal rearrangement were separated into two populations using magnetic‐activated cell separation (annexin V (−) and annexin V (+) fractions), in order to study meiotic segregation by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the percentage of spermatozoa with an externalization of phosphatidylserine by annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling on the whole ejaculate and on selected spermatozoa in the same patient.

Results

For all patients, the percentage of spermatozoa with externalization of phosphatidylserine decreased in the annexin V (−) fraction and increased in the annexin V (+) fraction as compared to the frozen‐thawed semen sample.

The rates of DNA fragmentation were statistically much lower in the annexin V (−) fraction when compared to the rate before magnetic‐activated cell separation for all but one patient. Conversely, we observed a statistically significantly higher rate of DNA fragmentation in the annexin V (+) fraction for six patients.

After magnetic‐activated cell separation, there was a significant increase of normal/balanced spermatozoa in the fraction of annexin V (−) for all patients. Conversely, we observed a significant decrease in the fraction of annexin V (+) for seven patients.

Discussion and Conclusions

Magnetic‐activated cell separation is a promising tool for increasing the selection of healthy spermatozoa, with a decrease in the number of spermatozoa with externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, and chromosome unbalance, for use in assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection for males with a chromosomal structural abnormality.
Semen quality of young men in Switzerland: a nationwide cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Rahban R. , Priskorn L. , Senn A. , Stettler E. , Galli F. , Vargas J. , Van den Bergh M. , Fusconi A. , Garlantezec R. , Jensen T. K. , Multigner L. , Skakkebæk N. E. , Germond M. , Jørgensen N. , Nef S. ,   the NICER Working Group
Published: May 2019

Background

Sperm counts have been steadily decreasing over the past five decades with regional differences in the Western world. The reasons behind these trends are complex, but numerous insights indicate that environmental and lifestyle factors are important players.

Objective

To evaluate semen quality and male reproductive health in Switzerland.

Materials and methods

A nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2523 young men coming from all regions of Switzerland, recruited during military conscription. Semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were analyzed. Anatomy of the genital area and testicular volume was recorded. Testicular cancer incidence rates in the general population were retrieved from Swiss regional registries.

Results

Median sperm concentration adjusted for period of sexual abstinence was 48 million/mL. Comparing with the 5th percentile of theWHOreference values for fertile men, 17% of men had sperm concentration below 15 million/mL, 25% had less than 40% motile spermatozoa, and 43% had less than 4% normal forms. Disparities in semen quality among geographic regions, urbanization rates, and linguistic areas were limited. A larger proportion of men with poor semen quality had been exposedin uteroto maternal smoking. Furthermore, testicular cancer incidence rates in the Swiss general population increased significantly between 1980 and 2014.

Discussion

For the first time, a systematic sampling among young men has confirmed that semen quality is affected on a national level. The median sperm concentration measured is among the lowest observed in Europe. No specific geographical differences could be identified. Further studies are needed to determine to what extent the fertility of Swiss men is compromised and to evaluate the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of Swiss young men display suboptimal semen quality with only 38% having sperm concentration, motility, and morphology values that metWHOsemen reference criteria.
The influence of omega‐3 fatty acids on semen quality markers: a systematic PRISMA review
Authors: Falsig A.‐M. L. , Gleerup C. S. , Knudsen U. B.
Published: May 2019

Background

Infertility affects about 15% of all couples worldwide. Male factors such as decreased semen quality contribute to around 40% of the cases. Recent reviews have shown that different foods and nutrients may improve semen quality.

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review in order to investigate whether intake of omega‐3 fatty acids can improve semen quality markers.

Materials and methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted in adherence with the PRISMA guideline from the earliest available online indexing year to October 2018. Keywords related to male fertility or infertility was combined with words describing omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fish intake. RCTs and observational studies on infertile and fertile men were included. Studies were considered eligible if they met the inclusion criteria, evaluated either the effect of omega‐3 fatty acids or dietary fish intake and had semen quality as primary outcome.

Results

Thousand and seventy four records were screened, and sixteen studies were ultimately included. Fourteen of the included studies found an improvement or association between omega‐3 and at least one semen quality marker. As the studies were very inhomogeneous in participants (fertile/infertile, age, BMI, ethnicity etc), no meta‐analysis was performed.

Discussion

The findings in this review are limited by the few available RCTs. Furthermore, RCTs were very heterogenetic according to study population, sample size, dosage of omega‐3, and durations of follow up. Results from the observational studies might have been affected by recall bias and confounded by lifestyle factors.

Conclusion

Based on the findings in this review, omega‐3 supplements and dietary intake of omega‐3 might improve semen quality parameters in infertile men and men from couples seeking fertility treatment. However, more research is required in order to fully clarify the effect of omega‐3 on semen quality and research with fecundity as end point is needed.
Is antiarrhythmic therapy safe in twin pregnancies?
Authors: Gesuete Valentina , Fantasia Ilaria , Lo Bello Leila , Rizzante Elisa , D'Agata Mottolese Biancamaria , Stampalija Tamara
Published: May 2019

Aim

The optimal treatment for foetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in twin pregnancies is unclear because of the possible impact on the second twin. This review compared a foetus we treated with antiarrhythmic drugs with the previous case studies.

Methods

Our case was a dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, where one twin developed foetal hydrops secondary to SVT at 22 weeks of gestation. We searched PubMed to look for previous cases of SVT in twin pregnancies.

Results

Treatment with transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy from 22 to 36 weeks of gestation successfully resolved the SVT in our affected twin without any impact on the healthy twin or mother. We only found seven similar cases of SVT in twin pregnancies from 1999 to 2017. Although there was no consensus on the treatment that should be provided, none of the studies reported side effects in the twins or the mothers.

Conclusion

Despite a lack of data on SVT in twin pregnancies, our case, and the previous cases we identified, allowed us to conclude that transplacental antiarrhythmic treatment can successfully achieve cardioversion in the affected twin. It can do this without side effects for the healthy foetus or the mother, even if the treatment lasts for a long period of time.
Requirement for etoposide in the initial treatment of Epstein‐Barr virus–associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Yini , Wang Zhao
Published: May 2019

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe, even fatal, inflammatory condition. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection‐associated HLH (EBV‐HLH) is one of the most common types of secondary HLH. Etoposide is a key drug in HLH‐94/04 regimen. We sought to identify the importance of etoposide in the initial treatment of EBV‐HLH. Ninety‐three patients with EBV‐HLH of all ages admitted to our centre in 2017 were divided into two groups according to whether the initial treatment contained etoposide or not. The survival of the group whose initial therapy included etoposide (Group 1, 52 patients; 6‐month survival rate 0·769) was significantly better than that of the group whose initial therapy did not include etoposide (Group 2, 41 patients; 6‐month survival rate 0·269) (P < 0·001). In patients aged <18 years old, the survival of Group 1 patients was not significantly better than that of Group 2 patients (P = 0·447), in contrast to patients aged ≥18 years, where the survival of Group1 patients was significantly better than that of Group 2 patients (P < 0·001). We concluded that including etoposide in the initial treatment of EBV‐HLH patients can improve their prognosis, especially adult patients. This may be because that adult patients are recognized as “higher risk” patients.
A meta‐analysis of the effect of chromium supplementation on anthropometric indices of subjects with overweight or obesity
Authors: Tsang Catherine , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Aghabagheri Elahe , Asemi Zatollah , Jafarnejad Sadegh
Published: May 2019

The role of chromium as a weight loss agent remains questionable, and although previous meta‐analyses findings have reported small reductions in body weight in individuals with overweight/obesity following chromium supplementation, there have been significant limitations with these findings. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy of oral chromium supplementation in individuals with overweight/obesity from randomized controlled trials. Studies were identified by a search of electronic databases from inception to November 2018 and combined and stratified analyses were used. Twenty‐one trials from 19 studies were identified which met all inclusion criteria which were suitable for statistical pooling, and data from 1316 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significant reductions in anthropometric indices associated with body composition; for weight loss (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.75 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.04, −0.45, P < 0.001), body mass index (WMD: −0.40, 95% CI, −0.66, −0.13, P = 0.003 and body fat percentage (WMD: −0.68%, 95% CI, −1.32, −0.03, P = 0.04) in individuals with overweight/obesity. No changes were detected in controls. Subgroup analysis showed significant improvements in weight loss and body fat percentage, particularly for study durations ≤12 weeks and doses ≤400 μg/d. Chromium supplementation was associated with some improvements in body composition in subjects with obesity/overweight. The effect size was medium and the clinical relevance of chromium as a weight loss aid remains uncertain. Further investigation from larger and well‐designed randomized controlled studies, especially in patients with diabetes, is warranted.
Nicht‐infektiöse granulomatöse Dermatosen
Authors: Schmitt Andrea , Volz Andreas
Published: May 2019

Granulomatöse Dermatosen umfassen ein breites Spektrum ätiologisch und klinisch heterogener Dermatosen, deren Gemeinsamkeit in einem histologisch von Histiozyten‐ bzw. Makrophagen‐Akkumulation geprägten Bild liegt. Die Pathogenese der einzelnen Krankheitsbilder ist unvollständig verstanden. Als Mechanismus wird zumeist ein Reaktionsmuster des Organismus auf einen immunogenen Stimulus angenommen. Antigenpräsentierende Zellen und der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Zytokine spielen eine Schlüsselrolle. Erkenntnisse zu granulomatösen Reaktionen unter iatrogener Immunmodifikation sowie bei genetisch determinierten Schwächen der Immunabwehr verbessern unser Verständnis granulomatöser Reaktionsmuster.

Üblicherweise werden infektiöse granulomatöse von nicht‐infektiösen granulomatösen Dermatosen unterschieden. Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt granulomatösen Dermatosen ohne nachweislich kausalen Erregerbezug. Zu den klassischen Vertretern nicht erregerbedingter granulomatöser Dermatosen zählen das Granuloma anulare, die Necrobiosis lipoidica und die kutane Sarkoidose. Granulomatöse Dermatosen können kutane Manifestation einer systemischen Erkrankung darstellen oder mit einer solchen assoziiert sein. neoplastischen Erkrankungen, können das Bild einer granulomatösen Dermatose imitieren.

Das klinische Bild ist entsprechend der pathogenetischen Vielfalt heterogen, insgesamt jedoch meist charakteristisch für das jeweilige Krankheitsbild. Die Diagnosestellung erfordert regelhaft eine gute klinisch‐pathologische Korrelation. Die Behandlung orientiert sich an der Pathogenese und erfolgt oft antientzündlich. Allerdings besteht meist eine unzureichende Datenlage und der dermale Charakter der Erkrankung erschwert die topische Behandlung.
Direct insertion of papillary muscle into mitral valve leaflets in a healthy patient without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lépori Augusto José , Lépori Orlando José , Werenitzky José , Islas Fabián , Perez de Isla Lepoldo
Published: May 2019

We present the case of a healthy young woman that was evaluated before participation in amateur sports. A systolic and diastolic murmur was heard during the physical examination. Two‐dimensional echocardiography was performed, and a direct insertion of the posteromedial papillary muscle into the mitral valve leaflets was found. Mild mitral stenosis and moderate regurgitation were also found. Because she was asymptomatic, a follow‐up in 6 months was planned to control the evaluation of her valve disease.
How might the negative impact of higher education on growth be explained? The role of vertical qualification (mis)match in an MRW‐type model
Authors: Neycheva Mariya
Published: May 2019

This study explores the impact of higher education on growth in 11 new EU members over the period 2000–2016 using an augmented MRW‐type model which takes into account the quality of education and vertical mismatch. More precisely, it tests whether the accelerating increase of college graduates causes an oversupply of educated labour which, in turn, extends the qualification mismatch and adversely affects growth of per capita income. We find that an increase of the most educated labour force does notper selead to a higher growth rate. The impact of human capital becomes positive and statistically significant only if graduates with occupations requiring tertiary education are considered in the model. In addition, the econometric outcome implies that the extent of skill mismatch is determined primarily by the rising female population with college education and the gross value added of trade‐related services.
“The Heavier Selves”: Embodied and Subjective Suffering of Organ Sellers in Bangladesh
Authors: Moniruzzaman Monir
Published: May 2019

The rapid growth of organ transplantation has created an illegal market for human organs sourced from the destitute poor predominantly in the developing world. Drawing on challenging fieldwork, I investigate the lived experiences of organ sellers who sold their bodily organs on the black market of Bangladesh. Sellers’ narratives reveal that living without an organ is not just a bodily alteration, but instead it results in embodied suffering and ontological impairment of being in the world. Organ sellers reported that they experienced embodied suffering due to selling their vital organs, which violates long‐standing cultural practices, such as bodily integrity, body ownership, and human dignity. In addition, these sellers faced subjective suffering due to selling living parts of themselves. As they felt, selling an organ divided their whole body into two halves, which destroyed their homeostatic balance, ontological harmony, and affinity with recipients. Sellers referred to these embodied and subjective sufferings as “heavier selves.”
Agency, Cultural Consonance and Depressive Symptoms: A Brazilian Example
Authors: Dressler William W. , Balieiro Mauro C. , dos Santos José Ernesto
Published: May 2019

Cultural consonance, or individual enactment of cultural models, is associated with lower depressive symptoms. This article incorporates individual agency into the cultural consonance model. Data were collected using mixed methods in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Brazil is a unique setting for this research, given that personal agency is institutionalized in the practice of o jeitinho (a distinctively Brazilian way of circumventing rules). Cultural consonance was measured relative to cultural models of life goals. A measure of a sense of personal agency combined scales of locus of control and frustration tolerance. Cultural consonance had a stronger association with depressive symptoms than individual agency. These results are also consistent with cultural consonance as a mediator of the association of agency and depressive symptoms. The implications for the conceptualization of culture and its role in mental health, and for the influence of psychological factors on culture, are discussed. [Brazil, agency, cultural consonance, depression]
Novel neutrosophic Dombi Bonferroni mean operators with mobile cloud computing industry evaluation
Authors: Peng Xindong , Smarandache Florentin
Published: May 2019

In the age of mobile cloud computing, we are confronted by mobility, diversity of network access types, frequent network disconnection and poor reliability, and security with complex structures. Mobile cloud computing industry decision making is crucially important for countries or societies to enhance the effectiveness and validity of leadership, which can greatly expedite industrialized and large‐scale development. In the case of mobile cloud computing industry decision evaluation, the indispensable issue arises serious inexactness, fuzziness, and ambiguity. Single‐valued neutrosophic set, disposing the indeterminacy portrayed by truth membership T, indeterminacy membership I, and falsity membership F, is a more viable and effective means to seize indeterminacy. The main purpose of the current paper is to investigate the novel operations on single‐valued neutrosophic number (SVNN) based on Dombi Bonferroni mean (DBM) and Dombi geometric Bonferroni mean (DGBM) operator, which have the enormous advantage of high flexibility with adjustable parameters. Moreover, we employ the DBM operator to present single‐valued neutrosophic DBM (SVNDBM) operator, single‐valued neutrosophic weighted DBM (SVNWDBM) operator, single‐valued neutrosophic DGBM (SVNDGBM), operator and single‐valued neutrosophic weighted DGBM (SVNWDGBM) operator for disposing with the aggregation of SVNNs and develop two multiple attribute decision making methods based on SVNWDBM and SVNWDGBM. The validity of algorithms are illustrated by a mobile cloud computing industry decision making issue, along with the sensitivity analysis of diverse parameters on the ranking. Finally, a comparison of the developed with the existing single‐valued neutrosophic decision making methods has been executed for displaying their effectiveness.
Putative interaction site for membrane phospholipids controls activation of TRPA1 channel at physiological membrane potentials
Authors: Macikova Lucie , Sinica Viktor , Kadkova Anna , Villette Sandrine , Ciaccafava Alexandre , Faherty Jonathan , Lecomte Sophie , Alves Isabel D. , Vlachova Viktorie
Published: May 2019

The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a polymodal sensor of environmental irritant compounds, endogenous proalgesic agents, and cold. Upon activation, TRPA1 channels increase cellular calcium levels via direct permeation and trigger signaling pathways that hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) in the inner membrane leaflet. Our objective was to determine the extent to which a putative PIP2‐interaction site (Y1006‐Q1031) is involved in TRPA1 regulation. The interactions of two specific peptides (L992‐N1008 and T1003‐P1034) with model lipid membranes were characterized by biophysical approaches to obtain information about affinity, peptide secondary structure, and peptide effect in the lipid organization. The results indicate that the two peptides interact with lipid membranes only if PIP2 is present and their affinities depend on the presence of calcium. Using whole‐cell electrophysiology, we demonstrate that mutation at F1020 produced channels with faster activation kinetics and with a rightward shifted voltage‐dependent activation curve by altering the allosteric constant that couples voltage sensing to pore opening. We assert that the presence of PIP2 is essential for the interaction of the two peptide sequences with the lipid membrane. The putative phosphoinositide‐interacting domain comprising the highly conserved F1020 contributes to the stabilization of the TRPA1 channel gate.
Looking for love under the ice: Using passive acoustics to detect burbot (Lota lota: Gadidae) spawning activity
Authors: Grabowski Timothy , Young Shawn P. , Cott Peter A.
Published: May 2019

Burbot (Lota lota: Gadidae) is a difficult species to manage effectively due to its preference for deep‐water habitats and under‐ice spawning behaviour, resulting in a poor understanding of its reproductive activity. However, the use of acoustic signalling by burbot as part of their mating system has recently been described and this behaviour may provide a means of investigating questions regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning aggregations using passive acoustic monitoring.

We used audio and video recording to confirm that burbot vocalise and that these vocalisations can be detected under field conditions as well as to characterise the relationship between burbot acoustic signalling and spawning behaviour. We also evaluated the feasibility of locating and monitoring burbot spawning aggregations in real time using passive acoustics.

Burbot vocalisations were difficult to identify with only about 6% of the recordings containing calls being successfully identified as such in the field. Burbot vocalised more often between sundown and sunrise than during daylight hours. Calls recorded at night tended to be lower frequency, longer duration, and have lower bandwidth than those made during the day.

Burbot vocalisations could not be recorded in conjunction with video recordings of spawning activity, indicating that burbot may not call during active spawning, but may use acoustic communication to signal the onset of reproductive readiness and to form pre‐spawning aggregations.

While burbot calls were readily identifiable, observers had a difficult time identifying burbot calls in real time under field conditions. Passive acoustic monitoring demonstrates considerable potential as a management tool to locate burbot spawning grounds and identify periods of activity, but may not be an appropriate technique for monitoring spawning activity in real time.
The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification
Authors: Schubert Marian , Marcussen Thomas , Meseguer Andrea S. , Fjellheim Siri
Published: May 2019

Aim

Frost is among the most dramatic stresses a plant can experience, and complex physiological adaptations are needed to endure long periods of sub‐zero temperatures. Owing to the need to evolve these complex adaptations, transitioning from tropical to temperate climates is regarded as difficult. Here, we study the transition from tropical to temperate climates in the grass subfamily Pooideae, which dominates cool temperate, continental and Arctic regions. We produce a dated phylogeny and investigate the role of climate cooling in diversification.

Location

Global, temperate regions.

Time period

Cretaceous–Cenozoic.

Major taxa

Pooideae.

Methods

Using newly available fossils and methods, we dated a comprehensive Pooideae phylogeny and tested for the impact of palaeoclimates on diversification rates. Using ancestral state reconstruction, we investigated whether Pooideae ancestors experienced frost and winter. To locate the ancestral distribution area of Pooideae, we performed biogeographical analyses.

Results

We estimated a Late Cretaceous/early Palaeocene origin of the Pooideae (61–77 Ma), with all major clades already having diversified at the Eocene–Oligocene climate cooling (34 Ma). Climate cooling was a probable driving force of Pooideae diversification. Pooideae probably evolved in a temperate niche experiencing frost, but not long winters.

Main conclusion

Pooideae probably originated in a temperate niche and experienced cold temperatures and frost long before expansion of temperate biomes after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. This suggests that the Pooideae ancestor had adaptations to temperate climate and that certain responses to low‐temperature stress are shared in extant Pooideae grasses. Throughout the Cenozoic, falling temperatures and expansion of temperate biomes were associated with an increase in diversification. However, complex mechanisms for enduring strongly seasonal climate with long, cold winters most probably evolved independently in daughter lineages. Our findings provide insight into how adaptations to historical changes in chill and frost exposure influence the distribution of plant diversity today.
Efficacy testing of silage additives—Methodology and existing schemes
Authors: Pauly Thomas , Wyss Ueli
Published: May 2019

In the period between 1979 and 1996 several national silage additive approval schemes appeared in Europe. Today only two approval schemes are still in use, the European Union (EU) authorization of additive components (compulsory) and the German DLG approval scheme of complete additives (voluntary). The EU authorization focuses on safety and environmental properties. Since EU authorization is compulsory for all additives and most additives are composed of more than one single active component, it offers no immediate help to advisors or farmers to help selecting a suitable additive. The DLG approval scheme has a more consumer‐oriented approach and can test complete additives under a rather large variety of conditions. Approved additives get the privilege to carry a DLG Quality Mark. Comparative trials from 1995 between the German and the French approval schemes were described as well as trials from 2010 to evaluate a DLG test protocol for testing additives in round bales. The DLG test scheme has to take into account that there are different aims of action, which cannot be covered by one additive. There are therefore six aims of action, directly related to the ensiling process.
Halophytic shrubs accumulate minerals associated with antioxidant pathways
Authors: Norman Hayley C. , Duncan Elliott G. , Masters David G.
Published: May 2019

Halophytic shrubs from the Chenopodiaceae family are planted by farmers in Mediterranean climate and semi‐arid farming systems because they produce year‐round feed for livestock and grow on poor‐quality soils that are unfit for cereal or traditional pasture production. Halophytes have evolved in environments that exert a high oxidative stress and through this have a high antioxidant capacity. The higher antioxidant capacity of halophytes means that they could have elevated concentrations of the minerals and vitamins associated with antioxidant defence and, as a consequence, may be a good source of antioxidant minerals and vitamins for sheep, cattle and goats. It was hypothesized that a range of halophytic shrub species and accessions within species will contain copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and sulphur (S) concentrations that will exceed the requirements of grazing ruminants. Concentrations of these minerals were measured across nineteen shrub accessions representing seven widely distributed Australian chenopod species: Atriplex amnicola, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex rhagodioides, Chenopodium nitrariaceum, Enchylaena tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Rhagodia preissii, as well as Eremophila glabra from the Scrophulariaceae family. Measurements were made at one location in spring and winter and at another location in winter only. Concentrations of the elements analysed almost always exceeded requirements and ranged up to 610%, 952%, 1840%, 590% and 250% of the requirement for grazing sheep for Cu, Mn, Se, Zn and S respectively. These results indicate some shrubs have significant potential for use as an antioxidant mineral supplement for ruminants.
Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO study) in Brazil: Assessment of the psychosocial effects of haemophilia in patients and caregivers
Authors: Lorenzato Claudia S. , Santos Rafael B. , Fagundes Gabriel Z. Z. , Ozelo Margareth C.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The international Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) study assessed the psychosocial aspects of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) and their caregivers in several countries. Brazil was not included in this initiative.

Aim and methods

An observational, multicentre, cross‐sectional study was performed involving PWH (moderate‐to‐severe haemophilia) and their caregivers, from November 2014 to July 2015. The primary objective was to quantify the extent of the primary psychosocial factors affecting PWH in their everyday life. Descriptive statistics and comparisons between Brazilian and global respondents are presented.

Results

A total of 100 adult male PWH and 100 caregivers (responding on behalf of their oldest affected child aged <18 years) completed the survey. Sixty‐eight per cent of the PWH had haemophilia A without inhibitors. Chronic pain and hepatitis C were the most common conditions related to haemophilia. On the EQ‐5D assessment, 64% of PWH reported extreme/moderate pain. Treatment for depression or anxiety was reported by 18% of PWH and by 29% of caregivers. There was a lower employment rate for PWH in Brazil, compared to the countries included in the original HERO survey (51% vs 60%); 71% of PWH stated that haemophilia has a negative impact on their work. Over the previous 5 years, 58% of PWH and 68% of caregivers did not have difficulties in obtaining the concentrated factor for treatment.

Conclusions

Our study presents an overview of the psychosocial aspects of life with haemophilia in Brazil, providing a basis for health policy decisions and may further improve comprehensive care for PWH.