bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does COVID-19 Infection Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Current Evidence
Authors: Wong Rachel , Lam Emily , Bramante Carolyn T. , Johnson Steven G. , Reusch Jane , Wilkins Kenneth J. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

Multiple studies report an increased incidence of diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the potential increased global burden of diabetes, understanding the effect of SARS-CoV-2 in the epidemiology of diabetes is important. Our aim was to review the evidence pertaining to the risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19 infection.

Recent Findings

Incident diabetes risk increased by approximately 60% compared to patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk also increased compared to non-COVID-19 respiratory infections, suggesting SARS-CoV-2-mediated mechanisms rather than general morbidity after respiratory illness. Evidence is mixed regarding the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and T1D. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an elevated risk of T2D, but it is unclear whether the incident diabetes is persistent over time or differs in severity over time.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. Future studies should evaluate vaccination, viral variant, and patient- and treatment-related factors that influence risk.
Formation enthalpies of Al–Mn–Pd and the structure of the i-AlMnPd quasicrystal
Authors: Mihalkovič Marek , Widom Michael
Published: June 2023

This paper reports formation enthalpies of phases in the Al–Mn–Pd ternary alloy system as calculated from first principles using electronic density functional theory. We consider all crystal structures as reported in the assessed phase diagrams of the ternary and its binary alloy subsystems (Al–Mn, Al–Pd, and Mn–Pd), as well as additional reported or hypothetical structures. Icosahedral and decagonal quasicrystalline approximants are among the structures that we predict to be stable, or nearly so. Our results suggest the need for careful experimental reexamination of phase stability in each of the alloy systems, in tandem with further efforts to refine crystallographic and ab-initio structures.
Aperiodic crystals and their atomic structures in superspace: an introduction
Authors: van Smaalen Sander
Published: June 2023

Aperiodic crystals are ordered matter without three-dimensional (3D) translational symmetry. They encompass quasicrystals, incommensurate composite crystals and incommensurately modulated structures. Their crystal structures are described by the so-called superspace theory, in which hidden periodicity is uncovered as translational symmetry in a space of dimensions higher than three. Here, I give an introduction to the structural features of aperiodic crystals and to the superspace theory for describing those structures. Applications, in particular t-plots, are demonstrated for the charge-density wave (CDW) materials Er$$_2$$

2

Ir$$_3$$

3

Si$$_5$$

5

and EuAl$$_4$$

4

.

Graphical abstract
Complementary ecosystem services from multiple land uses highlight the importance of tropical mosaic landscapes
Authors: Raveloaritiana Estelle , Wurz Annemarie , Osen Kristina , Soazafy Marie Rolande , Grass Ingo , Martin Dominic Andreas , Bemamy Claudine , Ranarijaona Hery Lisy Tiana , Borgerson Cortni , Kreft Holger , Hölscher Dirk , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Tscharntke Teja
Published: June 2023

Tropical agricultural landscapes often consist of a mosaic of different land uses, yet little is known about the spectrum of ecosystem service bundles and materials they provide to rural households. We interviewed 320 households on the different benefits received from prevalent land-use types in north-eastern Madagascar (old-growth forests, forest fragments, vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, herbaceous fallows, and rice paddies) in terms of ecosystem services and plant uses. Old-growth forests and forest fragments were reported as important for regulating services (e.g. water regulation), whilst fallow lands and vanilla agroforests as important for provisioning services (food, medicine, fodder). Households reported the usage of 285 plant species (56% non-endemics) and collected plants from woody fallows for varying purposes, whilst plants from forest fragments, predominantly endemics, were used for construction and weaving. Multiple land-use types are thus complementary for providing ecosystem services, with fallow lands being particularly important. Hence, balancing societal needs and conservation goals should be based on diversified and comprehensive land management.
Where are We Headed? Evidence to Inform Future Football Heading Guidelines
Authors: Peek Kerry , Duffield Rob , Cairns Ross , Jones Mark , Meyer Tim , McCall Alan , Oxenham Vincent
Published: June 2023

Given the scientific and public concern regarding the short-, medium- and long-term consequences of heading on brain health, being proactive about developing and implementing guidelines that help reduce the burden (volume, impact magnitude and injury risk) of heading in young and beginner players appears justified. This narrative review explores the evidence underpinning strategies that could be incorporated into future heading guidelines to reduce heading burden in players across all levels of football. A four-step search strategy was utilised to identify all data-based papers related to heading in football. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: (1) original data, (2) study population included football players, (3) outcome measures included one or more of the following: number of headers, measurement of head acceleration during heading, or head/brain injury incidence, and (4) published in English or English translation available. In total, 58 papers were included that outlined strategies based on (1) game or team development, (2) player skill development and (3) equipment. In particular, greater emphasis existed for small-sided games (particularly in young players) where fewer headers are observed when compared with the conventional 11 versus 11 game, as well as reducing headers from goal kicks and corners. Evidence also existed for developing a heading coaching framework that focusses on technical proficiency as well as neuromuscular neck exercises integrated into general injury reduction exercise programs, enforcement of rules related to deliberate head contact and using lower-pressure match and training balls. To mitigate potential risks of heading on brain health, a number of pragmatic strategies have been examined in scientific studies and may be considered as part of future heading guidelines.
Health Systems in High-Performance Sport: Key Functions to Protect Health and Optimize Performance in Elite Athletes
Authors: Drew Michael K. , Toohey Liam A. , Smith Miriam , Baugh Christine M. , Carter Hannah , McPhail Steven M. , Jacobsson Jenny , Timpka Toomas , Appaneal Renee
Published: June 2023

Enabling athletes to achieve peak performances while also maintaining high levels of health is contextually complex. We aim to describe what a ‘health system’ is and apply the essential functions of stewardship, financing, provision of services and resource generation to an Australian high-performance sport context. We introduce a fifth function that health systems should not detract from athletes’ ability to achieve their sports goals. We describe how these functions aim to achieve four overall outcomes of safeguarding the health of the athletes, responding to expectations, providing financial and social protection against the costs of ill health, and efficient use of resources. Lastly, we conclude with key challenges and potential solutions for developing an integrated health system within the overall performance system in high-performance sport.
Domain-invariant icing detection on wind turbine rotor blades with generative artificial intelligence for deep transfer learning
Authors: Chatterjee Joyjit , Alvela Nieto Maria T. , Gelbhardt Hannes , Dethlefs Nina , Ohlendorf Jan-Hendrik , Greulich Andreas , Thoben Klaus-Dieter
Published: June 2023

Wind energy’s ability to liberate the world from conventional sources of energy relies on lowering the significant costs associated with the maintenance of wind turbines. Since icing events on turbine rotor blades are a leading cause of operational failures, identifying icing in advance is critical. Some recent studies have utilized deep learning (DL) techniques to predict icing events with high accuracy by leveraging rotor blade images, but these studies only focus on specific wind parks and fail to generalize to unseen scenarios (e.g., new rotor blade designs). In this paper, we aim to facilitate ice prediction on the face of lack of ice images in new wind parks. We propose the utilization of synthetic data augmentation via a generative artificial intelligence technique—the neural style transfer algorithm to improve the generalization of existing ice prediction models. We also compare the proposed technique with the CycleGAN as a baseline. We show that training standalone DL models with augmented data that captures domain-invariant icing characteristics can help improve predictive performance across multiple wind parks. Through efficient identification of icing, this study can support preventive maintenance of wind energy sources by making them more reliable toward tackling climate change.
Suspension of Judgement: Fittingness, Reasons, and Permissivism
Authors: Vollmer Michael
Published: June 2023

This paper defends three theses on the normativity of the suspension of judgment. First, even if beliefs have to fit the truth and disbelief the false, suspension can still have satisfiable fittingness conditions. Second, combining this view with specific theses on the link between fittingness and normative reasons in favour of attitudes commits one to the existence of reasons to suspend judgement, which are neither reasons to believe nor reasons to disbelieve. These independent reasons, in turn, generate a form of epistemic permissivism. Finally, I argue that there are different routes to derive this commitment to independent reasons for suspending judgement. Not only fittingness-centred approaches to epistemic normativity but also many analyses in terms of reasons are committed to this form of epistemic permissivism.
Early stage of bubble spreading in a viscous ambient liquid
Authors: Ming He , Qin Jian , Gao Peng
Published: June 2023

We investigate numerically the spreading dynamics of a bubble coming into contact with a smooth solid substrate in a viscous liquid. The substrate is partially wettable, and the singularity of the moving contact line is relieved by adopting the Navier-slip model. The Stokes equations are solved by employing a boundary element method coupled with adaptive mesh refinement. This allows us to realize sufficiently small slip lengths down to

$O(10^{-5})$

in dimensionless form, which is crucial to resolve the local interface structures at the early stage of spreading. The results show that the early-stage spreading of the bubble is always characterized by the growth and propulsion of a dewetting liquid rim close to the contact line, while the macroscopic interface remains unchanged. The evolution of the contact line and the morphology of the rim depends on the wettability and the slip length, and a parametric investigation is performed. Based on mass conservation, a relation between the rim size and the spreading radius is established. We also propose an analytical prediction of the temporal variation in the contact line radius at the early stage of spreading, which is found to follow a logarithmically corrected linear relation rather than a pure power law. Moreover, the early stages of bubble spreading are qualitatively similar for two-dimensional and axisymmetric configurations.
Effect of an mHealth weight loss intervention on Healthy Eating Index diet quality: the SMARTER randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cheng Jessica , Costacou Tina , Sereika Susan M. , Conroy Molly B. , Parmanto Bambang , Rockette-Wagner Bonny , Kriska Andrea M. , Klem Mary Lou , Burke Lora E.
Published: June 2023

In the few weight loss studies assessing diet quality, improvements have been minimal and recommended calculation methods have not been used. This secondary analysis of a parallel group randomised trial (regsitered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03367936) assessed whether self-monitoring with feedback (SM + FB) v. self-monitoring alone (SM) improved diet quality. Adults with overweight/obesity (randomised: SM n 251, SM + FB n 251; analysed SM n 170, SM + FB n 186) self-monitored diet, physical activity and weight. Real-time, personalised feedback, delivered via a study-specific app up to three times daily, was based on reported energy, fat and added sugar intake. Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) scores were calculated from 24-hour recalls. Higher scores represent better diet quality. Data were collected August 2018 to March 2021 and analysed spring 2022. The sample was mostly female (78·9 %) and white (85·4 %). At baseline, HEI-2015 total scores and bootstrapped 95 % CI were similar by treatment group (SM + FB: 63·11 (60·41, 65·24); SM: 61·02 (58·72, 62·81)) with similar minimal improvement observed at 6 months (SM + FB: 65·42 (63·30, 67·20); SM: 63·19 (61·22, 64·97)) and 12 months (SM + FB: 63·94 (61·40, 66·29); SM: 63·56 (60·81, 65·42)). Among those who lost ≥ 5 % of baseline weight, HEI-2015 scores improved (baseline: 62·00 (58·94, 64·12); 6 months: 68·02 (65·41, 71·23); 12 months: 65·93 (63·40, 68·61)). There was no effect of the intervention on diet quality change. Clinically meaningful weight loss was related to diet quality improvement. Feedback may need to incorporate more targeted nutritional content.
The Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopes and crystallization conditions of the middle Eocene Dağdibi Pluton in the eastern Sakarya Zone, Turkey
Authors: Sipahi Ferkan , Gücer Mehmet Ali , Dokuz Abdurrahman , Yi Keewook , Kaygusuz Abdullah , Akaryalı Enver , Saydam Eker Çiğdem , Doruk Cüneyt
Published: June 2023

Magmatic activity in the Sakarya Zone, an important segment of the Alpine orogenic belt, continues intermittently from the middle Carboniferous to Miocene. In this study, we provide geochronological and geochemical data from the Dağdibi Pluton in the eastern Sakarya Zone to present some inferences on the source region and petrogenesis of the middle Eocene magmatism. U–Pb zircon geochronology from two granodiorite samples gives middle Eocene ages of 44.75 ± 0.92 and 45.01 ± 0.59 Ma. The pluton is mainly composed of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, Mg-hornblende/actinolite, Fe–Ti oxides and small amounts of biotite, and secondary chlorite and epidote. Parental magma of the intrusive rocks has a high-K calc-alkaline affinity with metaluminous character. The oxygen fugacity values vary between −18 and −17. The rocks show slightly radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.704845–0.705726) ratios and ϵNdi values between −0.96 and +0.52. Pb–Pb isotope ratios are typical for those of the lower continental crust. ϵHf(i) values of the zircons range from 0.14 to 10.26. The geochemical and isotopic features of the pluton point to a parental magma derived from a depleted mantle that was metasomatized by fluids during previous subduction events. The volumetric abundances of the rock types are decreased as the silica content increase, implying that the fractional crystallization is the most important process during the formation of the present compositional range of the pluton. Amphibole, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides are the fractionated phases while K-feldspar is largely accumulated. In the light of the data presented above, slab breakoff is regarded as the geodynamic process responsible for the formation of the Dağdibi Pluton in the middle Eocene.
REAL TOPOLOGICAL HOCHSCHILD HOMOLOGY OF SCHEMES
Authors: Hornbostel Jens , Park Doosung
Published: June 2023

We prove that real topological Hochschild homology$\mathrm {THR}$for schemes with involution satisfies base change and descent for the${\mathbb {Z}/2}$-isovariant étale topology. As an application, we provide computations for the projective line (with and without involution) and the higher-dimensional projective spaces.
Division of labour and dissenting voting behaviour of MPs in a ‘working parliament’
Authors: Mai Philipp
Published: June 2023

In the literature on the determinants of party unity, one pathway has remained largely neglected: division of labour. Given their workload, members of parliament (MPs) are only thoroughly concerned with a subset of policies. We argue that this results in MPs casting fewer dissenting votes on matters within their area of specialization since they have had the opportunity to shape the party line there. Regression analyses using data for the German Bundestag support this hypothesis, including four important refinements: Not only the current but also past membership in the responsible committee reduces an MP’s defection probability. Additionally, this pattern is more pronounced for policy spokespersons and for less consequential, i.e., non-legislative votes as well as for issues less salient to the MP’s party. The results have implications for our understanding of MPs’ legislative behaviour, the functioning of parliaments as institutions and for the relationship between parties, MPs and voters.
Influence of Inner Surface Roughness on the Spectral Induced Polarization Response—A Numerical Study
Authors: Zibulski E. , Klitzsch N.
Published: June 2023

Spectral induced polarization (SIP) laboratory measurements on water‐saturated rocks show a strong correlation between the electrical polarization strength and the inner surface area of rocks. We investigate the influence of inner surface roughness on the SIP response by simulating the frequency‐dependent complex conductivity of micro‐scale rock models. Starting with smooth grain models, we introduce surface roughness using two different approaches: increasing the surface roughness in a fractal‐like manner, and creating random surface structures, resulting in more natural‐looking surfaces. We find that surface roughness has two distinct effects on the SIP response: (a) a shift in the position and magnitude of the primary relaxation frequency to lower frequencies and lower magnitudes, respectively, and (b) the formation of secondary polarizations above the polarization frequency of the primary polarization. We also compare the relaxation time and normalized chargeability obtained by Debye decomposition and the imaginary conductivity at 1 Hz of our models with mechanistic models and empirical relations. We point out the congruences and offer explanations for the discrepancies between our models and the empirical observations. We conclude that the results of our study are applicable to real rocks and that the SIP method has the potential to detect inner surface roughness. However, the SIP method it not able to discriminate between signals from rough particles and a distribution of smooth particles.
Observed Spatio‐Temporal Variability of the Eddy‐Sea Ice Interactions in the Arctic Basin
Authors: Cassianides Angélina , Lique Camille , Tréguier Anne‐Marie , Meneghello Gianluca , De Marez Charly
Published: June 2023

In the Arctic Basin, the ocean dynamics at mesoscale and submesoscale under sea ice are poorly quantified and understood. Here, we analyze comprehensive data sets from Ice Tethered Profilers and moorings from the Beaufort Gyre Observing System spanning the period 2004–2019 in order to characterize the space and time variations of the (sub)mesoscale flow. In seasonally ice‐covered regions, the dynamics in the surface layer is largely determined by the presence of sea ice, with an increased eddy kinetic energy and numerous eddies in summer. Beyond these regions, the influence of the sea ice conditions on the first order dynamics is less clear. A wavenumber spectra analysis of observations at the surface and at depth under the sea ice pack reveals that a large variety of regimes can be found, independently of the time and space variations of the sea ice conditions. Focusing on a census of individual eddies, and their potential signature in sea ice, we found that around 500 eddies can be detected in the subsurface layer over 2004–2019, including both submesoscale (radius between 3 and 10 km) and mesoscale (up to 80 km) structures. Based on simple scaling calculations, we quantify the dynamical or thermodynamical signature that these eddies may imprint at the surface. While they do not induce any significant heat flux and subsequent sea ice melt, subsurface eddies can induce a dynamic height anomaly of the order of a few centimetres, resulting into a surface vorticity anomaly strong enough to impact sea ice locally.
A scoping review to explore patient trust in dentistry: the definition, assessment and dental professionals' perception
Authors: Yuan Siyang , John Deepti , Shambhunath Shambhunath , Humphris Gerry
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background A trusting dentist-patient relationship is pivotal in providing person-centred care. This scoping review aims to identify how trust is defined, measured and perceived by dental professionals.

Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute framework was adopted. A search strategy was developed using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and key words. Medline/PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched. Data were synthesised using thematic analysis.

Findings In total, 16 studies were included that frequently used quantitative research methodology. Only four studies provided definition of trust. Many studies employed either Dental Trust Scale or Dental Beliefs Survey to measure dentist-patient trust, although others developed their own items. Limited research suggested that the dental professionals appreciated communication was paramount to building a trusting relationship with patients.

Conclusion No consensus was found on the definition of trust, nor on a preferred assessment tool to measure dentist-patient trust. The limited evidence intimated that dental professionals acknowledged the importance of effective communication in building a trusting alliance with patients. The scarcity of relevant research highlights the need for more robust investigations of trust in dental care.
Tribological performance of high chromium white cast iron and heat-treated steel used in barite crushing industry
Authors: Zouch F. , Bahri A. , Antar Z. , Elleuch K.
Published: June 2023

Barite sulfate (BaSO4) is considered a very important mineral material employed as a weighting agent for all types of drilling fluids. Meanwhile, crushers used for the grinding step during barite crushing are affected by catastrophic wear damage located in the hammer parts made from high chromium white cast iron (HCWCI). In the present study, a comparison of the tribological performance between HCWCI and heat-treated steel AISI P20 was conducted to investigate the possible substitution of HCWCI. The tribological test was performed under normal loads between 5 and 10 N for different durations (60, 120, 180, and 240 min). The wear response analysis for both materials showed that the friction coefficient increases as the applied load increases. Moreover, AISI P20 presented the lowest value compared to that attributed to HCWCI in all conditions. Furthermore, the analysis of the wear track obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the damage was an abrasive wear phenomenon for HCWCI with detection of a crack network throughout the carbide phase, which was more pronounced under the highest load. Regarding AISI P20, an abrasive wear mechanism was detected, characterized by several grooves and ploughing phenomena. Further, the analysis of the wear track using 2D profilometry revealed that for both loads, the maximum wear depth of the HCWCI wear track was significantly greater than that of AISI P20. As a result, when compared to HCWCI, AISI P20 exhibits the best wear resistance. Furthermore, as the load increases, the wear depth and the worn area increase as well. Also, the wear rate analysis supports the previous findings, which showed that under both loads, AISI P20 was more robust than HCWCI.
Association analysis of gut microbiota-metabolites-neuroendocrine changes in male rats acute exposure to simulated altitude of 5500 m
Authors: Wang Jianan , Liu Shiying , Xie Yalei , Xu Chengli
Published: June 2023

Hyperactivation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis were found in acute high altitude challenge, but the role of gut microbiota and metabolites is unknown. We utilized adult male Sprague–Dawley rats at a simulated altitude of 5500 m for 3 days in a hypobaric-hypoxic chamber. ELISA and metabolomic analyses of serum and 16S rRNA and metabolomic analyses of fecal samples were then performed. Compared with the normoxic group, serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and thyroxine (tT4) were increased in the hypoxia group, whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was decreased. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus,Parabacteroides,Butyricimonas,SMB53,Akkermansia,Phascolarctobacterium, and Aerococcus were enriched in hypoxia group, whereas [Prevotella], Prevotella,Kaistobacter,Salinibacterium, and Vogesella were enriched in normoxic group. Metabolomic analysis indicated that acute hypoxia significantly affected fecal and serum lipid metabolism. In addition, we found five fecal metabolites may mediate the cross-talk between TRH, tT4, and CORT with [Prevotella], Kaistobacter,Parabacteroides, and Aerococcus, and 6 serum metabolites may mediate the effect of TRH and tT4 on [Prevotella] and Kaistobacter by causal mediation analysis. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence that key metabolites mediate the cross-talk between gut microbiota with HPA and HPT axis under acute hypobaric hypoxia challenge.
Association of reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use with distal sensory polyneuropathy among postmenopausal women in the United States: results from 1999 to 2004 NHANES
Authors: Li Jiayu , Chongpison Yuda , Amornvit Jakkrit , Chaikittisilpa Sukanya , Santibenchakul Somsook , Jaisamrarn Unnop
Published: June 2023

Postmenopausal status is a risk factor for distal sensory polyneuropathy—the most common type of peripheral neuropathy. We aimed to investigate associations between reproductive factors and history of exogenous hormone use with distal sensory polyneuropathy among postmenopausal women in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004, and to explore the modifying effects of ethnicity on these associations. We conducted a cross-sectional study among postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years. Women with a history of diabetes, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, liver disease, weak or failing kidneys, or amputation were excluded. Distal sensory polyneuropathy was measured using a 10-g monofilament test, and a questionnaire was used to collect data on reproductive history. Multivariable survey logistic regression was used to test the association between reproductive history variables and distal sensory polyneuropathy. In total, 1144 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years were included. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–53.28] and 3.18 (95% CI 1.32–7.68) for age at menarche < 11 years and time since menopause > 20 years, respectively, which were positively associated with distal sensory polyneuropathy; adjusted odds ratios were 0.45 for the history of breastfeeding (95% CI 0.21–0.99) and 0.41 for exogenous hormone use (95% CI 0.19–0.87) were negatively associated. Subgroup analysis revealed ethnicity-based heterogeneity in these associations. Age at menarche, time since menopause, breastfeeding, and exogenous hormone use were associated with distal sensory polyneuropathy. Ethnicity significantly modified these associations.
Trust and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Carrieri Vincenzo , Guthmuller Sophie , Wübker Ansgar
Published: June 2023

This article uses novel data collected on a weekly basis covering more than 35,000 individuals in the EU to analyze the relationship between trust in various dimensions and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We found that trust in science is negatively correlated, while trust in social media and the use of social media as the main source of information are positively associated with vaccine hesitancy. High trust in social media is found among adults aged 65+, financially distressed and unemployed individuals, and hesitancy is largely explained by conspiracy beliefs among them. Finally, we found that the temporary suspension of the AstraZeneca vaccine in March 2021 significantly increased vaccine hesitancy and especially among people with low trust in science, living in rural areas, females, and financially distressed. Our findings suggest that trust is a key determinant of vaccine hesitancy and that pro-vaccine campaigns could be successfully targeted toward groups at high risk of hesitancy.
Electrical parameters extraction of PV modules using artificial hummingbird optimizer
Authors: El-Sehiemy Ragab , Shaheen Abdullah , El-Fergany Attia , Ginidi Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The parameter extraction of PV models is a nonlinear and multi-model optimization problem. However, it is essential to correctly estimate the parameters of the PV units due to their impact on the PV system efficiency in terms of power and current production. As a result, this study introduces a developed Artificial Hummingbird Technique (AHT) to generate the best values of the ungiven parameters of these PV units. The AHT mimics hummingbirds' unique flying abilities and foraging methods in the wild. The AHT is compared with numerous recent inspired techniques which are tuna swarm optimizer, African vulture’s optimizer, teaching learning studying-based optimizer and other recent optimization techniques. The statistical studies and experimental findings show that AHT outperforms other methods in extracting the parameters of various PV models of STM6-40/36, KC200GT and PWP 201 polycrystalline. The AHT’s performance is evaluated using the datasheet provided by the manufacturer. To highlight the AHT dominance, its performance is compared to those of other competing techniques. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the AHT algorithm features a quick processing time and steadily convergence in consort with keeping an elevated level of accuracy in the offered solution.
The impact of AI suggestions on radiologists’ decisions: a pilot study of explainability and attitudinal priming interventions in mammography examination
Authors: Rezazade Mehrizi Mohammad H. , Mol Ferdinand , Peter Marcel , Ranschaert Erik , Dos Santos Daniel Pinto , Shahidi Ramin , Fatehi Mansoor , Dratsch Thomas
Published: June 2023

Various studies have shown that medical professionals are prone to follow the incorrect suggestions offered by algorithms, especially when they have limited inputs to interrogate and interpret such suggestions and when they have an attitude of relying on them. We examine the effect of correct and incorrect algorithmic suggestions on the diagnosis performance of radiologists when (1) they have no, partial, and extensive informational inputs for explaining the suggestions (study 1) and (2) they are primed to hold a positive, negative, ambivalent, or neutral attitude towards AI (study 2). Our analysis of 2760 decisions made by 92 radiologists conducting 15 mammography examinations shows that radiologists’ diagnoses follow both incorrect and correct suggestions, despite variations in the explainability inputs and attitudinal priming interventions. We identify and explain various pathways through which radiologists navigate through the decision process and arrive at correct or incorrect decisions. Overall, the findings of both studies show the limited effect of using explainability inputs and attitudinal priming for overcoming the influence of (incorrect) algorithmic suggestions.
Transition metal-free [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement in the reaction of sulfur ylides with allenoates
Authors: García-Castro Miguel , Moya-Utrera Federico , Sarabia Francisco
Published: June 2023

A simple and fully operational process of [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement that does not involve the use of carbenes or the associated hazardous and sensitive reagents in an open flask reaction at room temperature.
Motility-induced shear thickening in dense colloidal suspensions
Authors: Bayram A. Gülce , Schwarzendahl Fabian Jan , Löwen Hartmut , Biancofiore Luca
Published: June 2023

Phase transitions and collective dynamics of active colloidal suspensions are fascinating topics in soft matter physics, particularly for out-of-equilibrium systems, which can lead to rich rheological behaviours in the presence of steady shear flow.
Planar confined water organisation in lipid bilayer stacks of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine
Authors: Vancuylenberg Gerome , Sadeghpour Amin , Tyler Arwen I. I. , Rappolt Michael
Published: June 2023

A new model for describing three different water regions in phospholipid bilayer stacks is proposed, concerning (i) a core layer of ‘free water’ (unperturbed water), (ii) ‘perturbed water’ near the membrane interface, and (iii) the ‘headgroup water’.
An optimal transport theory based approach for efficient dispatch of transactions in energy markets
Authors: Gumpu Sreenivasulu , Sahoo N C , Pamulaparthy Balakrishna
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, transactive energy markets (TEMs) are emerging as interesting frameworks in deregulated power markets to control the balance of supply and demand in the entire electrical network. Due to wide deployment of renewable energy resources, grid connected micro‐grids, and open access transmission and distribution networks, the planning and operation of TEMs become complex. So, an efficient optimal dispatch model for TEMs should be developed to achieve the objectives of TEMs, such as feasible sizes of transactions and optimal dispatch of these transactions with minimal operating costs. The transactive dispatch problem is similar to the resource allocation/matching problem. Recently, optimal transport (OT) has received significant attention in various fields including optimization theory and resource matching problems due to its potency and relevance in modeling and optimization. An OT‐based approach is proposed here for optimal dispatch of transactions in energy markets while minimizing the cost of transactions considering the operating constraints of the system. The proposed approach can efficiently determine the feasible sizes of transactions without any security issues. The optimal solutions of the OT‐based approach are obtained using a Sinkhorn iterative technique. Also, the load uncertainties are considered in this work to analyse the impacts of load uncertainties on the optimal dispatch of transactions. The numerical simulation results on the modified IEEE 9‐bus system, modified IEEE 57‐bus system, modified IEEE 118‐bus system, and Indian Northern Regional Power Grid system illustrate the efficacy of the proposed OT‐based framework.
Dynamic thermal rating assessment of oil‐immersed power transformers for multiple operating conditions
Authors: Zhang Chen , Dong Xuzhu , Ruan Jiangjun , Deng Yongqing
Published: June 2023

In this article, the dynamic thermal rating assessment method of oil‐immersed power transformer with multiple operating conditions is proposed, considering the constraints of hot spot temperature (HST), top oil temperature, losses of life and the maximum allowable current of on‐load tap changer (OLTC) or bushing, which can determine the dynamic load curves under different operating conditions and give the most sensitive constraints to limit the dynamic load capacity. To improve the accuracy of HST estimation, the temperature estimation model is also improved and the thermal parameters are optimised using the HST measured by optical fibre. Finally, several application examples are studied for transformers in different scenarios. The results show that the normal cyclic dynamic transformer rating (DTR) is mainly limited by the losses of life when the ambient temperature is high, and the average load factor can be increased to 0.82 with a maximum load capacity of 1.23. The main limiting factor of short‐term DTR is the OLTC or bushing current constraint, and the average load factor can be increased to 1.00. The maximum load capacity of the transformer under both operating conditions is 23% and 50% higher than its rated load capacity, indicating that the transformer still has a large load potential available.
An electromagnetic scattering reanalysis method for partial geometry modifications
Authors: Fan Chaoqun , Wei Gao , Li Jianzhou
Published: June 2023

This work proposes an effective and accurate method for solving the partial geometry modification problem of original scattering. The current and scattering characteristics after structure modification can be efficiently calculated by using the information of the initial impedance matrix. These modifications include adding geometry or moving and rotating different parts of geometry. Although the changes in each impedance matrix are local for partial modified geometries, the associated computational cost is high because the whole analysis is iterative. By combining the binomial series method and the reduced basis method, the proposed method can effectively evaluate the scattering field without solving the inverse impedance matrix of the modified geometry. The proposed algorithm has a computational cost of O(n2), which is much smaller than O(n3) of the traditional method of moments (MoM), where n is the number of unknowns. Through several examples, the traditional MoM and the proposed method are compared, and the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are proved.
Design of a dual‐CP gap waveguide fed aperture array antenna
Authors: Zarifi Davoud , Farahbakhsh Ali , Zaman Ashraf Uz
Published: June 2023

A slot array antenna with dual‐circular polarisation (CP) is presented in this paper. To overcome the fabrication and loss challenges in mm‐wave frequencies, the gap waveguide technique is utilised. The right and left hand circular polarisation (RHCP and LHCP) radiations are achieved using slots‐fed stepped septum polariser on the longitudinal slot arrays. The waveguides and feeding layer are based on ridge gap waveguide. The experimental results demonstrate the |S11| and axial ratio of proposed antenna array are lower than −10 and 2 dB, respectively over the frequency range of 29.1–31.7 GHz. The proposed antenna exhibits the measured peak gain of 27.2 dBic at 30.2 GHz. The results prove that the proposed array antenna is a brilliant choice for 30 GHz‐band applications and could be developed to realise larger dual‐polarised planar arrays.
Modal analysis, control of frequency, and torsional modes of microgrid with doubly fed induction generator wind turbines providing frequency support
Authors: Chuang Cheng‐Han , Chiu Bing‐Kuei , Lee Kuei‐Yen , Hsu Yuan‐Yih
Published: June 2023

Load changes in a microgrid comprising diesel generators and wind turbines cause oscillations in system frequency. In this paper, an analytical model that takes wind generator speed deviation into account is proposed to evaluate the oscillation frequency and damping ratio of the frequency mode oscillation when the wind turbines participate in ancillary frequency control. Because the frequency mode oscillation may excite torsional modes, a complete linearized model comprising the diesel generators and the five‐mass drivetrain of the wind turbine is formulated, and the mode shapes as well as the frequencies and damping ratios of the torsional modes are analyzed. To improve damping for the torsional modes, a constant damping ratio design method is proposed to move the eigenvalues of poorly damped modes to points along a line with a constant damping ratio on the complex plane. Dynamic simulations are performed on the microgrid subject to load changes and wind fluctuations in order to validate the results from mode shape analyses as well as demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed torsional damper.
Type II radio bursts and their association with coronal mass ejections in solar cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Kumari A. , Morosan D. E. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Daei F.
Published: June 2023

Context. Meter-wavelength type II solar radio bursts are thought to be the signatures of shock-accelerated electrons in the corona. Studying these bursts can give information about the initial kinematics, dynamics, and energetics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the absence of white-light observations.

Aims. We investigate the occurrence of type II bursts in solar cycles 23 and 24 and their association with CMEs. We also explore whether type II bursts might occur in the absence of a CME.

Methods. We performed a statistical analysis of type II bursts that occurred between 200 and 25 MHz in solar cycles 23 and 24 and determined the temporal association of these radio bursts with CMEs. We categorized the CMEs based on their linear speed and angular width and studied the distribution of type II bursts with fast (≥500 km s−1), slow (< 500 km s−1), wide (≥60°), and narrow (< 60°) CMEs. We explored the dependence of type II bursts occurrence on the phases of the solar cycle.

Results. Our analysis shows that during solar cycles 23 and 24, 768 and 435 type II bursts occurred, respectively. Of these, 79% were associated with CMEs in solar cycle 23, and 95% were associated with CMEs in solar cycle 24. However, only 4% and 3% of the total number of CMEs were accompanied by type II bursts in solar cycle 23 and 24, respectively. Most of the type II bursts in both cycles were related to fast and wide CMEs (48%). We also determined the typical drift rate and duration for type II bursts, which is 0.06 MHz s−1 and 9 min. Our results suggest that type II bursts dominate at heights ≈1.7 − 2.3 ± 0.3 R⊙. A clear majority have an onset height around 1.7 ± 0.3 R⊙ assuming the four-fold Newkirk model.

Conclusions. The results indicate that most of the type II bursts had a white-light CME counterpart, but a few type II bursts lacked a clear CME association. There were more CMEs in cycle 24 than in cycle 23. However, cycle 24 contained fewer type II radio bursts than cycle 23. The onset heights of type II bursts and their association with wide CMEs reported in this study indicate that the early lateral expansion of CMEs may play a key role in the generation of these radio bursts.
Evolved massive stars at low-metallicity
Authors: Yang Ming , Bonanos Alceste Z. , Jiang Biwei , Zapartas Emmanouil , Gao Jian , Ren Yi , Lam Man I. , Wang Tianding , Maravelias Grigoris , Gavras Panagiotis , Wang Shu , Chen Xiaodian , Tramper Frank , de Wit Stephan , Chen Bingqiu , Wen Jing , Liu Jiaming , Tian Hao , Antoniadis Konstantinos , Luo Changqing
Published: June 2023

The mass-loss rate (MLR) is one of the most important parameters in astrophysics, because it impacts many areas of astronomy, such as ionizing radiation, wind feedback, star-formation rates, initial mass functions, stellar remnants, supernovae, and so on. However, the most important modes of mass loss are also the most uncertain, as the dominant physical mechanisms that lead to this phenomenon are stull largely unknown. Here we assemble the most complete and clean red supergiant (RSG) sample (2121 targets) so far in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with 53 different bands of data to study the MLR of RSGs. In order to match the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we created a theoretical grid of 17 820 oxygen-rich models (“normal” and “dusty” grids are half-and-half) using the radiatively driven wind model of the DUSTY code, covering a wide range of dust parameters. We select the best model for each target by calculating the minimal modified chi-square and visual inspection. The resulting MLRs from DUSTY are converted to real MLRs based on the scaling relation, for which a total MLR of 6.16 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1 is measured (corresponding to a dust-production rate of ∼6 × 10−6 M⊙ yr−1), with a typical MLR of ∼10−6 M⊙ yr−1 for the general population of the RSGs. The complexity of mass-loss estimations based on the SED is fully discussed for the first time, and our results indicate large uncertainties based on the photometric data (potentially up to one order of magnitude or more). The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) and luminosity versus median-absolute-deviation (MAD) diagrams of the sample indicate the positive relation between luminosity and MLR. Meanwhile, the luminosity versus MLR diagrams show a “knee-like” shape with enhanced mass loss occurring above log10(L/L⊙)≈4.6, which may be due to the degeneracy of luminosity, pulsation, low surface gravity, convection, and other factors. We derive our MLR relation using a third-order polynomial to fit the sample and compare our results with previous empirical MLR prescriptions. Given that our MLR prescription is based on a much larger sample than previous determinations, it provides a more accurate relation at the cool and luminous region of the HR diagram at low metallicity compared to previous studies. Finally, nine targets in our sample were detected in the UV, which could be an indicator of OB-type companions of binary RSGs.
Effects of multiphase gas and projection on X-ray observables in simulated galaxy clusters as seen by eROSITA
Authors: ZuHone J. , Bahar Y. E. , Biffi V. , Dolag K. , Sanders J. , Bulbul E. , Liu T. , Dauser T. , König O. , Zhang X. , Ghirardini V.
Published: June 2023

Context. Galaxy clusters are the most massive bound objects in the recent history of the universe; the number density of galaxy clusters as a function of mass and redshift is a sensitive function of the cosmological parameters. To use clusters for cosmological parameter studies, it is necessary to determine their masses as accurately as possible, which is typically done via scaling relations between mass and observables.

Aims. X-ray observables can be biased by a number of effects, including multiphase gas and projection effects, especially in the case where cluster temperatures and luminosities are estimated from single-model fits to all of the emission with an overdensity radius such as r500c. Using simulated galaxy clusters from a realistic cosmological simulation, our aim is to determine the importance of these biases in the context of Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma/eROSITA observations of clusters.

Methods. We extracted clusters from the Box2_hr simulation from the Magneticum suite, and simulated synthetic eROSITA observations of these clusters using PHOX to generate the photons and the end-to-end simulator SIXTE to trace them through the optics and simulate the detection process. We fitted the spectra from these observations and compared the fitted temperatures and luminosities to the quantities derived from the simulations. We fitted an intrinsically scattered LX − T scaling relation to these measurements following a Bayesian approach with which we fully took into account the selection effects and the mass function.

Results. The largest biases on the estimated temperature and luminosities of the clusters come from the inadequacy of single-temperature model fits to represent emission from multiphase gas, and from a bias arising from cluster emission within the projected r500c along the line of sight but outside of the spherical r500c. We find that the biases on temperature and luminosity due to the projection of emission from other clusters within r500c is comparatively small. We find eROSITA-like measurements of Magneticum clusters following a LX − T scaling relation that has a broadly consistent but slightly shallower slope compared to the literature values. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of LX at given T is lower compared to the recent observational results where the selection effects are fully considered.