bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifactor Quality and Safety Analysis of Antimicrobial Drugs Sold by Online Pharmacies That Do Not Require a Prescription: Multiphase Observational, Content Analysis, and Product Evaluation Study
Authors: Mackey Tim Ken , Jarmusch Alan K , Xu Qing , Sun Kunyang , Lu Aileen , Aguirre Shaden , Lim Jessica , Bhakta Simran , Dorrestein Pieter C
Published: November 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global public health threat. However, the impact of sourcing potentially substandard and falsified antibiotics via the internet remains understudied, particularly in the context of access to and quality of common antibiotics. In response, this study conducted a multifactor quality and safety analysis of antibiotics sold and purchased via online pharmacies that did not require a prescription.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to identify and characterize “no prescription” online pharmacies selling 5 common antibiotics and to assess the quality characteristics of samples through controlled test buys.

Methods

We first used structured search queries associated with the international nonproprietary names of amoxicillin, azithromycin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, cephalexin, and ciprofloxacin to detect and characterize online pharmacies offering the sale of antibiotics without a prescription. Next, we conducted controlled test buys of antibiotics and conducted a visual inspection of packaging and contents for risk evaluation. Antibiotics were then analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry (MS). MS data were used to determine if the claimed active pharmaceutical ingredient was present, and molecular networking was used to analyze MS data to detect drug analogs as well as possible adulterants and contaminants.

Results

A total of 109 unique websites were identified that actively advertised direct-to-consumer sale of antibiotics without a prescription. From these websites, we successfully placed 27 orders, received 11 packages, and collected 1373 antibiotic product samples. Visual inspection resulted in all product packaging consisting of pill packs or blister packs and some concerning indicators of potential poor quality, falsification, and improper dispensing. Though all samples had the presence of stated active pharmaceutical ingredient, molecular networking revealed a number of drug analogs of unknown identity, as well as known impurities and contaminants.

Conclusions

Our study used a multifactor approach, including web surveillance, test purchasing, and analytical chemistry, to assess risk factors associated with purchasing antibiotics online. Results provide evidence of possible safety risks, including substandard packaging and shipment, falsification of product information and markings, detection of undeclared chemicals, high variability of quality across samples, and payment for orders being defrauded. Beyond immediate patient safety risks, these falsified and substandard products could exacerbate the ongoing public health threat of antimicrobial resistance by circulating substandard product to patients.
Online Health Information Seeking Among Patients With Chronic Conditions: Integrating the Health Belief Model and Social Support Theory
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang Chris , Zhao Mengyuan , Song Shijie
Published: November 2022

Background

Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability. With the growing patient population and climbing health care expenditures, researchers and policy makers are seeking new approaches to improve the accessibility of health information on chronic diseases while lowering costs. Online health information sources can play a substantial role in effective patient education and health communication. However, some contradictory evidence suggests that patients with chronic conditions may not necessarily seek online health information.

Objective

This study aims to integrate 2 theories (ie, the health belief model and social support theory) and a critical health literacy perspective to understand online health information seeking (OHIS) among patients with chronic conditions.

Methods

We used the survey method to collect data from online chronic disease communities and groups on social media platforms. Eligible participants were consumers with at least 1 chronic condition and those who have experience with OHIS. A total of 390 valid questionnaires were collected. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.

Results

The results suggested that perceived risk (t=3.989, P<.001) and perceived benefits (t=3.632, P<.001) significantly affected patients’ OHIS. Perceived susceptibility (t=7.743, P<.001) and perceived severity (t=8.852, P<.001) were found to influence the perceived risk of chronic diseases significantly. Informational support (t=5.761, P<.001) and emotional support (t=5.748, P<.001) also impacted the perceived benefits of online sources for patients. In addition, moderation analysis showed that critical health literacy significantly moderated the link between perceived risk and OHIS (t=3.097, P=.002) but not the relationship between perceived benefits and OHIS (t=0.288, P=.774).

Conclusions

This study shows that the health belief model, when combined with social support theory, can predict patients’ OHIS. The perceived susceptibility and severity can effectively explain perceived risk, further predicting patients’ OHIS. Informational support and emotional support can contribute to perceived benefits, thereby positively affecting patients’ OHIS. This study also demonstrated the important negative moderating effects of critical health literacy on the association between perceived risk and OHIS.
Development and Validation of an mHealth App for Soldier’s Mental Health Screening (Preprint)
Authors: 강무석 Museok , Park Junhyo , Kim Jinwoo , Jung Changwook , Kim Hoyoung , Lee Byungseok
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

: Soldiers are difficult to visit hospitals frequently due to their job characteristics, and military hospitals and a number of counseling centers set up for mental health are also focusing on post-management in the form of "treatment" rather than "selecting" mental health risks in advance. Beyond treating the mental health of soldiers exposed to such serious situations, it is necessary to select risks in advance and reduce the severity of mental health through preemptive management.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to develop mHealth services for screening mental health of soldiers, and to verify the developed services, and to compare reliability and validity with the pre-developed mHealth services.

METHODS

This study developed to ensure the reliability and validity of the service mhealth research(n=133). The study participants responded to six clinical scales through the developed mHealth and tried to confirm the reliability and validity of the scale by using the response result values. After that, it is intended to check whether it can be used in real-time through comparison with the mHealth service developed and verified in advance. The method of verifying the mHealth service developed in advance by the research team aims to verify the reliability and validity of the response value in the same way as before, and to this end, data from general workers (n=7,847) were collected. After that, stratified random extraction was performed at the same rate as the military demographic information, and the response values of 133 people were used, and the reliability and validity of the two services were later confirmed.

RESULTS

For the purpose of this study, developed a confidence level of analysis to verify the service mhealth. The reliability of the in-service clinical scale developed for soldiers (0.737-0.914) was at the level, and the reliability of the service developed for workers (0.721-0.886), and the clinical scales used in the two services were reliable. Since then, the model fit of the service developed for soldiers has been χ² = 150.468(p < .001), χ²/df = 1.551, TLI = .939, CFI = .956, RMSEA = .065. In addition, the service model fit developed for workers is χ² = 64.315(p = .011), χ²/df = 1.569, TLI = .965, CFI = .978, RMSEA = .066 . It was shown as and confirmed that it was suitable. After that, it was confirmed that both the convergence validity and discrimination validity analysis conducted for the confirmatory factor analysis of the service were suitable.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is an initial study that confirmed the reliability and validity through the verification of the mHealth service developed for soldiers and the feasibility through comparison with the verified mHealth service. In view of this, it is meaningful to develop actual services and develop mHealth services suitable for soldiers.
Misinformation and Public Health Messaging in the Early Stages of the Mpox Outbreak: Mapping the Twitter Narrative With Deep Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Edinger Andy , Valdez Danny , Walsh-Buhi Eric , Trueblood Jennifer S , Lorenzo-Luaces Lorenzo , Rutter Lauren A , Bollen Johan
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Shortly after the worst of the COVID-19 pandemic, an outbreak of mpox introduced another critical public health emergency. Like the COVID-19 pandemic, the mpox outbreak was characterized by a rising prevalence of public health misinformation on social media, through which many US adults receive and engage with news. Digital misinformation continues to challenge the efforts of public health officials in providing accurate and timely information to the public. We examine the evolving topic distributions of social media narratives during the mpox outbreak to map the tension between rapidly diffusing misinformation and public health communication.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to observe topical themes occurring in a large-scale collection of tweets about mpox using deep learning.

METHODS

We leveraged a data set comprised of all mpox-related tweets that were posted between May 7, 2022, and July 23, 2022. We then applied Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers (S-BERT) to the content of each tweet to generate a representation of its content in high-dimensional vector space, where semantically similar tweets will be located closely together. We projected the set of tweet embeddings to a 2D map by applying principal component analysis and Uniform Manifold Approximation Projection (UMAP). Finally, we group these data points into 7 topical clusters using k-means clustering and analyze each cluster to determine its dominant topics. We analyze the prevalence of each cluster over time to evaluate longitudinal thematic changes.

RESULTS

Our deep-learning pipeline revealed 7 distinct clusters of content: (1) cynicism, (2) exasperation, (3) COVID-19, (4) men who have sex with men, (5) case reports, (6) vaccination, and (7) World Health Organization (WHO). Clusters that largely communicated erroneous or irrelevant information began earlier and grew faster, reaching a wider audience than later communications by official instances and health officials.

CONCLUSIONS

Within a few weeks of the first reported mpox cases, an avalanche of mostly false, misleading, irrelevant, or damaging information started to circulate on social media. Official institutions, including the WHO, acted promptly, providing case reports and accurate information within weeks, but were overshadowed by rapidly spreading social media chatter. Our results point to the need for real-time monitoring of social media content to optimize responses to public health emergencies.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Post-Treatment Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension (Preprint)
Authors: Hae Hyeonyong , Kang Soo-Jin , Kim Tae Oh , Lee Pil Hyung , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Pre-treatment prediction of individual blood pressure (BP) response to anti-hypertensive drugs is important to select and optimize medication for promptly and safely achieving a target BP. However, it is challenging to predict individually variable BP responses to a specific regimen.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop supervised machine learning (ML) models for predicting patient-specific treatment effects using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) data.

METHODS

A total of 1,129 patients who had both baseline and follow-up ABPM data were randomly assigned into training, validation and test sets in a 3:1:1 ratio. Utilizing the features including clinical and laboratory findings, initial ABPM data, and anti-hypertensive medication at baseline and at follow-up, ML models were developed to predict post-treatment individual BP response. Each case was labeled by the mean 24-hour and daytime BPs derived from the follow-up ABPM.

RESULTS

At baseline, 616 (55%) patients had been treated using mono or combination therapy with 45 anti-hypertensive drugs. By using CatBoost, the difference between predicted vs. measured mean 24-hour systolic BP at follow-up was 8.4 ± 7.0 mm Hg (% difference of 6.6% ± 5.7%). The difference between predicted vs. measured mean 24-hour diastolic BP was 5.3 ± 4.3 mm Hg (% difference of 6.8% ± 5.5%). There were significant correlations between the CatBoost-predicted vs. the ABPM-measured changes in the mean 24-hour Systolic (r=0.74) and diastolic (r=0.68) BPs from baseline to follow-up. Even in the patients with renal insufficiency or diabetes, the correlations between CatBoost-predicted vs. ABPM-measured BP changes were significant.

CONCLUSIONS

ML algorithms accurately predict the post-treatment ambulatory BP levels, which may assist clinicians in personalizing anti-hypertensive treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL

not-applicable
Suplementasi Calcitriol Menurunkan Risiko Osteoporosis Tikus Ovariektomi
Authors: . Hartiningsih , Anggraeni Devita
Published: November 2022

Suplemen calcitriol memicu pembentukan tulang, namun juga meningkatkan resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji efektivitas calcitriol dalam menurunkan risiko osteoporosis tikus ovariektomi. Lima belas tikus Wistar betina umur delapan minggu, dibagi tiga kelompok (kontrol normal KN, kontrol ovariektomi KOV, dan ovariektomi+ calcitriol OVD ) dan diberi perlakuan selama delapan minggu. Pada akhir perlakuan, 100 dilakukan pengambilan darah melalui pleksus retroorbitalis untuk pemeriksaan estradiol, selanjutnya semua tikus dietanasi menggunakan campuran ketamin10% dengan xylaxine 2%. Femur kiri diambil untuk pemeriksaan histopatologis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tikus KOV mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan tikus KN, dan tikus OVD mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol tidak 100 berbeda signifikan dibanding tikus KOV. Gambaran histopatologis epifisis tulang femur distalis tikus OVD 100terlihat mempunyai lebih sedikit jaringan adiposit dan lebih banyak spikulum trabekula dibanding tikus KOV. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi calcitriol 100ng/hari selama delapan minggu pada tikus ovariektomi menurunkan risiko osteoporosis.
Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolat 9A dari Kolon Sapi Bali sebagai Probiotik melalui Analisis Gen 16S rRNA
Authors: Widyadnyana Dewa Gede Agung , Sukrama I Dewa Made , Suardana I Wayan
Published: November 2022

Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan bakteri yang mampu memfermentasi laktosa dan menghasilkan asam laktat sebagai produk utamanya. BAL berpotensi dalam memproduksi bakteriosin dan bersifat probiotik. Disisi lain, sapi bali diketahui memiliki banyak keunggulan salah satunya mampu memanfaatkan hijauan yang kurang bergizi, dan mempunyai daya cerna yang baik terhadap pakan, sehingga diharapkan dapat ditemukan BAL yang memiliki keunggulan spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba BAL isolat9A asal kolon sapi bali sehingga bisa di manfaatkan sebagai kandidat probiotik, serta untuk menganalisis susunan nukleotida dan gambaran pohon filogenetiknya. Penelitian diawali dengan kultivasi isolat pada media MRS broth, dilanjutkan dengan uji katalase dan pewarnaan Gram. Isolat BAL yang sudah terkonfirmasi diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya dengan bakteri patogen (Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus). Analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA menggunakan primer B27F dan U1492R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba bakteri asam laktat isolat 9A mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus antara 37,56 - 61,47%, dengan rata-rata 50.35% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol antibiotika. Dalam penelitian ini BAL tidak menunjukkan terjadinya penghambatan pada pertumbuhan E. Coli. BAL isolat 9A teridentifikasi sebagai Streptococcus bovis dengan tingkat similaritas 99% dan berada satu cluster denganspesies Streptococcus bovis dengan nilai bootstrap sebesar 100.
Pengujian Toksisitas Akut Obat Herbal Pada Mencit Berdasarkan Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Authors: Sasmito Wiku Adi , Wijayanti Agustina Dwi , Fitriana Ida , Sari Puspa Wikan
Published: November 2022

Uji toksisitas perlu dilakukan pada suatu produk obat yang akan dipasarkan. Uji awal (screening test) ini sangat penting secara farmakologi dan toksikologi karena akan digunakan untuk pertimbangan penentuan dosis, rentang waktu pemberian dan aplikasinya. Superjamu yang diuji merupakan campuran herbal yang telah dibentuk menjadi sediaan cair dan diaplikasikan secara per oral. Metode pengujian toksisitas yang dipilih berdasarkan pedoman Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 (2002). Metode ini merupakan metode standar yang diakui oleh 33 negara Eropa yang merupakan anggota dari OECD. Kelebihan utama metode ini adalah sedikitnya penggunaan hewan model (mencit) serta waktu ujinya yangrelatif cepat. Sebanyak 9 ekor mencit betina umur 3 bulan dengan berat badan berkisar 25 g dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan (n=3). Kelompok 1 diberi jamu dosis 300 mg/kb berat badan, kelompok 2 dosis 2000 mg/kg dan kelompok 3 (kontrol) diberi aquades 1 mL/ kg berat badan. Perberian jamu dilakukan per oral menggunakan spet bersonde setiap hari selama 14 hari. Tahap pertama masih terdapat kematian pada kelompok 2 dan gejala klinis berupa rambut berdiri, depresi dan gejala syarafi pada kelompok 1 sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji kedua menggunakan dosis 50 mg/kg berat badan pada 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan (KP) dan kelompok kontrol (KK) masing masing terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit, selama 14 hari. Hasil pengujian tahap kedua tidak ditemukan gejala klinis keracunan pada hewan coba. Kesimpulan dari pengujian ini adalah nilai dosis toksik jamu adalah > 50-300 mg/kg bb dan perkiraan dosis letal (LD50) adalah 200-300 mg/kg bb seperti disebutkan dalam Annex 2c: OECD/OCE.
Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya terhadap Jumlah Trypanosoma evansi pada Paru-Paru dan Limpa Mencit
Authors: Sari Dewi Ratna , Nurliani Anni , Santoso Heri Budi
Published: November 2022

Trypanosomiasis merupakan penyakit parasit yang disebabkan oleh Trypanosoma evansi dan ditularkan melalui gigitan lalat penghisap darah yang menyerang hewan ternak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan efek pemberian ekstrak etanol daun pepaya dan menentukan dosis ekstrak etanol daun pepaya yang berpengaruh terhadap jumlah Trypanosoma evansi pada paru-paru dan limpa mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan.Pembuatan ekstrak etanol daun pepaya menggunakan metode maserasi. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan galur Balb-C diinfeksi 0,2 mL (1x105) isolat Trypanosoma evansi secara intraperitonial. Pengamatan natif dilakukan untukmenentukan tingkat parasitemia. Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun pepaya dosis 75 mg/kg BB, 150 mg/kg BB, dan 300 mg/kg BB yang dilarutkan dalam Na-CMC 0,5% diberikan secara oral sebanyak 0,3 mL selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Pembuatan sediaan apus organ menggunakan metode sitological smear dengan pewarnaan giemsa 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh dosis ekstrak etanol daun pepaya dapat menurunkan jumlah Trypanosoma evansi pada paru-paru dan limpa. Ekstrak etanol daun pepaya pada dosis 300 mg/Kg BB merupakan dosis yang paling efektif menurunkan jumlah Trypanosoma evansi pada paru-paru dan limpa mencit.
Penambahan Boraks dalam Bakso dan Faktor Pendorong Penggunaannya Bagi Pedagang Bakso di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Istiqomah Siti , Sudarwanto Mirnawati B , Sudarnika Etih
Published: November 2022

The research of using borax in meatballs which was undertaken in the Bengkulu City in 2011 showed that 10% from 100 samples of meatballs containing borax. Considering the dangers of borax for the consumer if consume continuously and increasing the number of meatball traders until 2013, it is necessary to study with more meatballs samples and widely area. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of borax in meatballs, borax content after heating, storability meatballs which containing borax and determine the factors that support the meatball traders to use borax. The study was designed using cross sectional study using two types of data, they were data of meatball sample test in the laboratory and interview data to meatball traders in the BengkuluCity. Total of 160 meatball samples from traders and five meatball samples from grinders were collected and examined with qualitative test using turmeric paper. The qualitative test showed that 165 samples (100%) takenfrom meatball traders and grinders didn't contain borax. Knowledge and attitudes level of traders were at a good level. There were significant relationship between education level with knowledge, information source fromtelevision with attitude, and knowledge with attitude of traders in Bengkulu City (p < 0,05).
Identifikasi Listeria monocytogenes pada Susu Kambing di Kabupaten Purworejo Jawa Tengah
Authors: Andriani Monika Danaparamitha , Purnawarman Trioso , Damayanti Retno , Daulay Syafril
Published: November 2022

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic Listeria species, especially for high-risk groups and it that can be transmitted through contaminated food. Goat milk produced by traditional milking process and storage has a high risk of contamination. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of L. monocytogenes in fresh goat milk in Puworejo regency, Central Java. This study used 60 samples of raw goat milk that were obtained from seven farms by disease detection sampling method. All of the used method in this research refer to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ISO 11290-1: 2012 about Microbiology of food and feed for detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes. A total of 60 samples of raw goat milk that used in this study were not contaminatedwith L. monocytogenes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all the samples of raw goat milk were free from L. monocytogenes and have fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ISO No. 7388: 2009 about Limit of Microbial Contamination in Food.
Tingkat Kejadian Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase yang Diisolasi dari Feses Broiler di Kota Bogor
Authors: Masruroh Cholilia Abadiatul , Sudarwanto Mirnawati Bachrum , Latif Hadri
Published: November 2022

The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals may encourage the occurence of bacterial resistance named Escherichia coli that produces Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Antibiotical resistance is an important issue in the animal health and human health. This study focused on the presence of ESBL-producing E.coli in chicken feces. The number of sample feces was 100. E. coli isolates were obtained from broiler chicken feces in Bogor. Isolates obtained were identified using API 20E kit. Confirmation of ESBL in this study used Double disc method using antibiotical disc namely cefpodoksim, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. The existence ofESBL-producing E. coli which isolated from the feces of broiler chickens in the city of Bogor is 25% (4/16).
Respon Sistem Homeostasis Kalsium Tikus Ovariektomi yang Mengkonsumsi Kombinasi Calcitriol dengan Raloxifene
Authors: Hartiningsih Hartiningsih , Anggraeni Devita
Published: November 2022

Normal range of calcium (Ca) level in the blood is maintained by Ca homeostasis in the intestinal, kidney and bone. The objective of this research was to study the response of calcium homeostasis system ovariectomized rats consuming combination of calcitriol and raloxifene by calcium balance study. Twenty five female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were divided into five groups of five: normal control (NK), ovariectomy control (OVK), ovariectomy+calcitriol (OVD ), ovariectomy+ raloxifene (OVR), and ovariectomy+calcitriol+ 20raloxifene supplementation (OVDR), of five each. Seven weeks after the surgery, each rats was placed into individual metabolic cages for Ca balance studies (Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinalCa absorption). In 5 to 8 days of the balance studies, the remaining food, urine, and feces were collected every day for Ca analyses. The results showed that Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats. Consumption and feces Ca excretion of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of estrogen hormone. Intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone. Meanwhile, urine Ca excretionof OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone and estrogen. In conclusions, the response of calcium homeostasis system in ovariectomized rats consuming combination ofcalcitriol and raloxifene for 8 weeks was marked by increasing Ca absorption in intestine and Ca excretion in urine.
Penggunaan Antigen Mycoplasma gallisepticum Freeze-Thawing dalam Teknik Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Rachmawati Faidah Rachmawati , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Mayasari Ni Luh Putu Ika
Published: November 2022

Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a bacterial infection in chickens caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. CRD may result in economic loss in the livestock industry, decreasing of egg production and feed efficiency, increasing of  medication costs, downgrading of carcass and egg qualities. The aim of this study was to develop the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit for detecting antibodies of M. gallisepticum using freeze-thawing antigens. The cut-off point was determined by S/N method. Chicken antiserum againts M. gallisepticum was collected every week on 1st – 6th week post immunization of whole cell antigen of M. gallisepticum. Optimization of antigen, serum and conjugate were 10 μg/ml protein concentrations, 1:800 serum dilution and 1:10000 conjugate dilution. The validation results on developed ELISA kit (MyGELISA) analyzed  by ROC curve using MedCalc statistical software revealed that developed ELISA kit (MyGELISA) had 100% sensitivity and 86.21% specificity with 95% confidence interval. The results of RSA, MyGELISA and commercial ELISA kit showed antibodies positif againts M. gallisepticum.  In conclusion, MyGELISA using freeze-thawing antigen can be used to detect antibodies of M. gallisepticum.
Peran Makromineral pada Reproduksi Ruminansia
Authors: Yanuartono Yanuartono , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Purnamaningsih Hary
Published: November 2022

Macromineral is one component of a nutrient that has an important role in the growth, health, production,reproduction and immune system of animals. Ruminants need makromineral such as Ca, P, Mg, K, Na , Cl and S. Mineral needs of ruminant affected by several factors such as their age, pregnancy and lactation status.Mineral deficiency can cause disturbances in reproduction ruminant. Ca and P have direct influence while Mg, K, Na, Cl and S acted indirectly on reproductive function. A complete understanding of the role macromineral on ruminant reproductive function is indispensable for the prevention of their reproductive disorders due toimproper feeding minerals.
Single Parent Nectarinia jugularis
Authors: Fithri Aida , Sari Widya
Published: November 2022

Both of Nectarinia jugularis parents, male and female, usually raise their offsprings together. They feed the chicks, carry away faecal sac and keep their offspring safe from any threats such as predators. On one day the female did not appear, it was not clear why she did not come back home. Since then, the male took care of the chicks by feeding them, disposing the faecal sac and keep the chicks save all day, even though he had never slept in the nest at night as the female did. The male tried to increase the feeding rate and faecal sac removal to compensate the absence of the female. Parental care by single parent male continued until they leave the nest. The male still fed the chicks after they flew off from the nest.
Analisis Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Praktik Penggunaan Antibiotika oleh Peternak Babi di Kota Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Kallau Novalino Harold Geoffrey , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Lukman Denny Widaya , Sudarwanto Mirnawati Baharudin
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem due to the use of false and excessive antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in pig farms is increasing and needs to be aware of side effects, it is also influenced by the knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers. This study is a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire interview to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the practice of using antibiotics by pig farmers in Kupang city. A total of 96 respondents pig farmers spread over 6 districts, District of Maulafa (9 villages) District of Alak (12 villages) District of Oebobo (7 villages), District of Kelapa Lima (5 villages), District of Kota Raja (2 villages) and the district of Kota Lama (1 village). The variables observed were individual characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices of the use of antibiotics by pig farmers in relation to the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. The relationship between the variables was tested using the Pearson correlation, while the relationship and magnitude of the direct and indirect impact on the observed variables was determined using path analysis. The results showed knowledge has a very significant impact (p <0.01) and indirectly contributes to the level of antibiotic usage practices preventing the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Attitudes have a significant effect (p <0.05) and directly affect the practice of antibiotics to prevent the use of antibiotic resistance in Kupang. Conclusion of this study shows that knowledge has a major impact on the practice of using antibiotics by pig farmers, so by increasing farmers' knowledge of the facts incidence of antibiotic resistance, the attitude of farmers will increasingly have a positive significant effect on the level of practice use of antibiotics Prevent antibiotic resistance at a pig farm in the city of Kupang.
The Effectiviness of Ketapang (Terminalia cattapa L.) Leave Extract for the Treatment of Aeromonas salmonicida Infection in Catfish (Pangasioniodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: . Sumino , Supriyadi Asep , . Wardiyanto
Published: November 2022

Abstract Catfish is one of the fish species with certain advantages that attract the farmers interest to culture. The species becomes popular following the successful spawning in the pond. Additionally, catfishes have high economic value due to their rapid growth and response to good artificial feed. Their farming activities are inseparable from concerns about their potential diseases. Diseases in farmed fish can be caused by fungi, parasites, bacteria and viruses. One type of bacterium to take serious control is Aeromonas salmonicida. This pathogenic bacteria may cause furuncle and death of farmed fish. The use of ketapang leaves is effective in inhibiting or killing the pathogenic A. salmonicida in catfish. In the present study, each test used a sample of 10 catfishes of approximately 10 cm in size. Parameters of the test consist of survival rates and pathologic lesions. The feed treatment consisted of ketapang leaf extract in concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg / ml, and a positive control and a negative control. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates, and were analyzed statistically. The results indicated that the LD50  (Lethal Dose), MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) are 107 cfu/ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The most effective concentration of ketapang leaf for the treatment of A. salmonicida infection in the catfish is 200 mg/ml. This is indicated by the highest level of catfish survival and the lowest rate of the pathologic lesions.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Hipofisis Sapi dan Level Protein Konsentrat Terhadap Kualitas Fisik Gaging Kambing Kacang Jantan = The Effect of Giving Extract of Cattle Hyphophysis and Level of Concentrate Protein on the p..
Authors: Kartikasari Lilik Retna
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak hipofisis sapi dosis 0, 1, dan 2 ml dan level protein konsentrat 8,67 dan 12,63% serta interaksi kedua perlakuan tersebut terhadap kualitas fisik daging kambing kacang jantan. Materi penelitian menggunakan 12 ekor kambing kacang jantan (Capra hircus) dengan umur rata-rata 4 bulan. Sampel diambil dari otot semitendinosus (ST) dan semi membranosus (SM). Data hasil penelitian diuji dengan analisis variansi completely randomized design (CRD) pola faktorial 3 x 2 x 2 dan beda antar rerata dilakukan uji jarak ganda dari Duncan (DMRT). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak hipofisis sapi, level protein konsentrat, jenis otot serta interaksinya tidak berbeda nyata terhadap nilai kandungan air bebas dan keempukan daging. Perlakuan ekstrak hipofisis sapi, level protein konsentrat, dan interaksinya tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata terhadap cooking loss, perlakuan jenis otot memberikan perbedaan nyata (P < 0,05). Perlakuan ekstrak hipofisis sapi, jenis otot serta interaksinya tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata terhadap nilai derajat keasaman daging, sedangkan perlakuan level protein konsentrat memberikan perbedaan nyata (P
Pharmacokinetic of Suramin in Healthy Ongole Cattle Breed and Madura Cattle Breed.
Authors: Lazuardi Mochamad
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan profil kinetik suramin sebagai suatu kemoterapi tripanosidal menggunakan 3 sapi peranakan Ongole betina sehat dan 3 sapi Madura sehat. Tiap sapi mendapatkan dosis tunggal 10 mg/kg berat badan. Peparasi sampel dilakukan secara hidrolisis menggunakan HCL 2 M HCL selama 18 jam. Kadar suramin pada plasma darah diukur dengan metode sensitif melalui spectrofotometer Ultra Lembayung-Tampak pada X, 535,6 nm. Hasil-hasil menunjukkan sebagai berikut : Terdapat hampir 94 % perolehan kembali analit dalam plasma setelah dilakukan deproteinasi setiap sampel. Rerata (Â± SD) eliminasi obat pada plasma sapi peranakan Ongole dilakukan secara bieksponensial dengan waktu paruh 11,579 Â± 8,608 dan 288,75 Â±100,026 jam untuk fase distribusi dan elimination pasca injeksi intravena. Karakteristik eliminasi sapi madura menunjukkan bieksponensial dengan waktu paruh distribusi dan eliminasi (Â± SD) 9,1 Â± 6,389 jam dan 200,2 Â± 53,347 jam pasca diberikan intravena. Rerata waktu keberadaan obat pada sapi peranakan Ongole pada 384,792 Â± 141,882 jam, dan sapi Madura diperoleh pada 274,209 Â± 76,417 jam. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan suramin pada sapi peranakan Ongole dan sapi Madura memiliki sifat tahan lama pada rentang diantara 7- 20 hart
Isolasi and Identification of Bacteria from the Urine Fluid Organic Fertilizer (POC)Ettawa Crossbred (PE) in The Sleman Regency
Authors: Suwito Widodo , Wahyuni A.E.T.H. , Nugroho Widagdo Sri , Sumiarto Bambang , Bekti Utomo Bimo
Published: November 2022

Urine is a by product from Ettawa crossbred (PE) goat farm in Sleman regency. In addition, the manure urine goats can be used for fluid organic fertilizer (POC). Recently, organic farming is more interesting for people because it does not use any chemical fertilizers. Salmonella sp and E. coli O157:H7 are pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate agricultural products and dangerous for public health. One of sources of contamination in agricultural products is due to the organic fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine pathogenic bacteria from POC urine PE goats in Sleman regency. A total of 8 POC samples were collected from PE goat urine in Sleman regency. These samples were analyzed for Salmonella sp, E. coli O157:H7 and other pathogenic bacteria by using biochemical reactions. All samples are negative for Salmonella sp. and E. coli O157:H7 as well. Whereas, 85% of 8 samples are positive for Pseudomonas sp. The present study showed that POC from PE goats farm in Sleman regency are negative for pathogenic bacteria.
Influence of Palm Sugar Water in the Native Chicken Performance
Authors: Aryanti Fera , Aji Muhammad Bayu , Budiono Nugroho
Published: November 2022

Abstract Palm sugar containing 66,18% sukrose is an additional source of energi quickly available to the chicken. A study to examine the effect of palm sugar in the native chicken performance was held in animal health training center, Cinagara-Bogor lasted from August until November 2012. This present experiment using 1274 native chicken that were kept starting DOC. Palm sugar concentrations given in the drinking water as much as one percent started to be given to the chcken when they were still DOC. After that, the palm sugar water was given continously intermittent interval by administering multivitamin. The control group was not given the palm sugar. Chicken aged 0 to 6 weeks were given palm sugar twice a day. After reaching over 6 weeks old, palm sugar water was only given onece a day. Result obtained showed that the administration of palm sugar water affected the increase in body weight gain, feed consumption and lower mortality as well. The result also showed that the FCR is lower than that of the control group until 6 weeks old.
Efek Ekstrak Air Daun Bangun-Bangun (Coleus ambonicus, L) pada Aktivitas Limfosit Tikus Putih
Authors: Santosa Christin Marganingsih , Salasia Siti Isrina Oktavia
Published: November 2022

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Prevalensi dan Analisis Faktor-faktor Infeksi Escherichia coli 0157:H7 pada Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat di Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Hanif Siti Khairul Saadah , Sumiarto Bambang , Budiharta Setyawan
Published: November 2022

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The Effect of Red Fruit's (Pandanus conoideus) Extract to Eritrocytes, Hemoglobin, PCV and TPP Concentrations of Mice (Mus musculus) Infected by Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Utami Anis Dwi , Priyowidodo Dwi
Published: November 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasites caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The red fruit’s extract contains tocopherol and betacarotene as antioxidant and it can repair the bodies immune system. This research was aimed to study the effect of red fruit’s extract to erithrocytes, hemoglobine, the values of PCV and TPP concentration of mice infected with T. gondii, so that the red fruit extract can be used as alternative herbal medicine for eliminating Toxoplasmosis. 15 of Balb/C mice, male, three months, 30 gr of body weight were used as experimental animals. The mice were then devided into three groups. Group I was a control, group II  was tachyzoite infected and group III was tachyzoite infected and given red fruit’s extract. Group III given red fruit’s extract on first day with 0,53 g/kg BW/mice/day. Mice in group II and III were infected by injection Toxoplasma gondii tachyziote 1x103 a mice intraperitoneally. The blood sample was taken from five mice in each group at 7th and 12th day pass through cantus medialis. The blood was examinated in Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University. Data were analyzed by using Factorial 2 x 3. The result showed no significant difference (P>0,05) in hemoglobin, and PCV’s value between groups I, II and III before and after infection of T. gondii’s tachyzoite. The TPP’s value between groups I, II and III before and after infection of T. gondii’s tachyzoite was significantly difference (P<0,05).
Cholesterol Levels In Bligon Goats During Estrous Cycle
Authors: Kartikasari Nadia , Ummami Risa
Published: November 2022

The study was aimed to assess the status of cholesterol levels during the estrous cycle in goats. The present study was conducted by using 4 female cycling bligon goats (Capra hircus), aged 2-3 years, weighed 27-45 kgs, and clinically healthy and Venous blood sampling was done on days 1 (estrus), 3-4 (early luteal), 10-16 (late luteal), 17-20 (proestrus) using a syringe and collected in tubes containing lithium heparin. Plasma wasseparated by centrifugation, put into 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube and stored at a temperature of -20° C until analysis performed. Cholesterol levels were measured by using spectrophotometric method. Cholesterol concentrations during the estrous cycle were analyzed by General Linear Model Repeated Measure. The average of cholesterollevels in bligon goats is 52.20 ± 11.11 – 64.50 ± 18.46 mg/dl. The results showed that the concentration of cholesterol was between phases during the estrous cycle was not significantly different (P>0.05). However, there was a decreasing tendency of cholesterol concentration at the early luteal phase (52.20 mg/dl) and at the late luteal (53.19 mg/dl) compared to the levels at the follicular phase (65.50 mg / dl at estrus and 59.22 mg / dl at proestrus ). It can be concluded that the plasma level of cholesterol does not change significantly during theestrous cycle.
Prevalency of Nematode in Bali Cattle at Manokwari Regency
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Sambodo Priyo , Nurhayati Dwi
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted from August to October 2006, a disease caused by worms digestive tract is one of the causes of the decline in beef production . The purpose of this study was to assess the number of infected cattle nematode, the nematode types and amount of each type of nematodes in Bali cattle in Manokwari. Based onobservations on the worm eggs, total of 23 individuals (44.23 %) of Bali cattle ( puppies and adults ) infected with nematodes. Most of the infected cow is a cow that as many as 16 puppies cattle (69.56 %), while the remaining 7 animals (30.44 %) is the mother cow. Types of nematodes that infect cattle puppies and adult cattle are Cooperiasp., Bunostomum sp., Mecistocirrus sp. and Trichuris sp. The frequency of attacks in a row is as much as 13 cattle Cooperia sp, Mecistocirrus sp as many as 10 head of cattle, as many as 8 sp bunostomum cows and Trichuris sp. as much as 5 cows. The highest number of eggs in a row is Bunostomum sp. (1520), Cooperia sp. (1280), Mecistocirrus sp. ( 1200) and Trichuris sp. (280). The average number of eggs per gr feces ( EPG ) of 4 species of parasites that infect a row is Bunostomum sp . (190 EPG), Mecistocirrus sp. (120 EPG) Cooperia sp. (98.46 EPG)and Trichuris sp. (56 EPG). As many as 44.23 % of Bali cattle in three districts (Masni, Oransbari dan Prafi) attacked nematodes which are predominantly cattle aged less than one year .
PREPARATION OF LYMPHOCYTE CULTURE CELL FROM PERIPHERIAL BLOOD OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Haryanto Aris , Mubarika Sofia , Wijayanti Nastiti
Published: November 2022

Lymphocyte is leukocyte component that difficult to culture in vitro. Several viruses need lymphocytes as host cell in order to proliferate and growth in this media such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This virus was associated with malignant disease like nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The objectives of this research are to develop and to prepare lymphocyte cell culture as material source of DNA for molecular analysis of virus. Peripheral blood was collected from NPC patients which is histopatologically and serologically positive of EBV. Lymphocytes were separated from the other blood components using ficcol-histopaque. Lymphocytes were diluted using RPMt medium then they were cultivated into 96 microwell plate with concentration of 106 cell/ml. The medium consist of 10% FBS, RPMI, Penstrep and FK 506. Culture of lymphocytes were incubated in 5% CO2 at 37°C. The lymphocyte cultures developed and grew confluendy during the first week. Only B cells whith EBV would be well establish. After 50 cell generations, lymphocytes were transformed and immortalized to be lymphoblastoid cell fine (LCL).
HORMONAL RESPONSES OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS TO TREATMENT WITH A PROGESTERONE INTRAVAGINAL DEVICE WITH OR WITHOUT ESTRADIOL
Authors: Putro Prabowo P
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of progesterone supplementation through an intravaginal device on plasma progesterone and estradiol-17(3 profiles in lactating dairy cows. Eight lactating Friesian cows, between 3 and 5 years, in the luteal phase of a normal estrous cycle were used In the treated group A (n = 4), a CIDR intravaginal implant contains 1.9 gram progesterone, was inserted into the vagina of each cow at day 8 of the study and removed 9 days later. In the group B (n = 4), a CIDR combined with a 10 mg estradiol benzoate capsule was inserted into the vagina as in the group A Blood samples were taken daily for progesterone and estradiol-17(5 assays. Plasma concentrations of progesterone increased rapidly following the CIDR insertion, reached maximum at day 9 of insertion (6.28 ± 0.26 ng/ml and 5.62 + 0.16 ng/ml, respectively, P < 005), and then dropped abruptly after CIDR removal. Two days after the CIDR insertion, the plasma progesterone increased more rapidly in the group A than in the group B, and were significantly higher between days 11 and 17 of the study, but lower between days 20 (estrus) and 22 of the study (P < 0.05). The progesterone levels reached to basal levels within 3 days following the CIDR removal (0.64 + 0.12 ng/ml and 029 + 0.16 ng/ml, respectively, P < 0.05), when the cows were showing estrous behavior. The declines in the mean plasma concentrations of progesterone after the CIDR removal in the both treated groups were linear (R2 = 0.814 and 0 798, the rate of decline were 1.36 ng/ml/day and 1.29 ng/ml/day, respectively). Thereafter, the mean progesterone concentrations elevated steadily after the induced estrus. The plasma concentrations of estradiol-17(3 in the both treated groups also showed relatively the same pattern. They declined regularly in the luteal phase, increased slowly by the follicular phase, and reached maximum levels at estrus, 3.08 + 0.12 and 338 ±0.16 pg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively. The concentrations of estradiol-17(3 between days 6 and 9, days 20 (estrus) and 21 of the study in the group A were significantly lower than those in the group B (P < 0.05). The insertion of estradiol benzoate capsule significantly increased the plasma concentrations of estradiol-17(3. At the same time, the increase of plasma estradiol-17£ concentrations was followed by the decline of plasma progesterone levels. In conclusion, CIDR is a useful agent for continuous delivery of progesterone to enable estrus synchronization in lactating dairy cows. Its combination with estradiol benzoate resulted in a more marked decline in the plasma concentration of progesterone and more synchronous estrus following its removal than that of CIDR alone.