bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of ZnS-PSA Nanocomposites by in situ Simultaneous Polymerization-precipitation of ZnS Nanoparticles Using γ-Radiation
Authors: Cheng B , Jiang W Q , Zhu Y R , Chen Z Y
Published: September 2003

Poly(St-co-AA)(PSA)-semiconductor ZnS nanocomposites with well homogeneously dispersed semiconductor nanoparticles in the copolymer matrix were prepared by in situ simultaneous polymerization-precipitation of ZnS nanoparticles using γ-radiation. These synthesized nanocomposites were further characterized by XRD and TEM measurements.
Electrophilic 1,2-Addition of Oxoammonium Salts to Olefins
Authors: Takata Toshikazu , Tsujino Yasunori , Nakanishi Saburo , Nakamura Kazuaki , Yoshida Eri , Endo Takeshi
Published: September 2003

A new reaction of oxoammonium salt is demonstrated. Addition of oxoammonium salts (1) to electron-rich olefins (2) such as vinyl ethers and enamines rapidly proceeded to give corresponding 1,2-adducts (3) in high yields. The adducts 3 formed were further transformed by treatment with sodium ethoxide to isolable substitution products (4) in one pot reaction.
Divalent Magnesium Ionic Conduction in the Magnesium Phosphate Based Composites
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Okazaki Yusuke , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: September 2003

By intentionally varying the mixing ratio to the nonstoichiometric region, spontaneous dispersion of the Zr2O(PO4)2 secondary phase was successfully achieved and the Mg2+ ion conductivity was greatly improved by considerably increasing the relative density of the composite and the Mg2+ ion conducting composite showing the highest ion conductivity among the Mg2+ ionic conductors reported was developed.
Observation of the Highly Excited Vibrational Levels of HCP: Application of IR-UV-SEP Triple Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ishikawa Haruki , Nagao Chioko , Mikami Naohiko
Published: September 2003

Highly excited vibrational levels of HCP involving both CH stretch and bend modes excitation, vibrational energy of which is 15600 - 17000 cm−1, in the ground electronic state were observed by IR-UV double resonance pumped dispersed fluorescence and stimulated emission pumping spectroscopies.
Electrochemical Decomposition of Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol Using a Pt/Ti Electrode
Authors: Tanaka Shunitz , Nakata Yohsuke , Kuramitz Hideki , Kawasaki Mikio
Published: September 2003

The electrochemical decomposition of bisphenol A and nonylphenol, which may serve as environmental endocrine disrupters, was studied by using a platinum coated titanium anode. These substances were electrochemically decomposed via a series of intermediates. The measurement of total organic carbon in a solution of bisphenol A or nonylphenol after electrochemical decomposition showed that these substances could be decomposed to CO2.
Endohedrally Metal-Doped Heterofullerenes: La@C81N and La2@C79N
Authors: Akasaka Takeshi , Okubo Shingo , Wakahara Takatsugu , Yamamoto Kazunori , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nagase Shigeru , Kato Tatsuhisa , Kako Masahiro , Nakadaira Yasuhiro , Kitayama Yoshie , Matsuura Kenji
Published: September 2003

The first evidence of the gas-phase formation of endohedrally La-doped azafullerene ions La@C81N+ and La2@C79N+ was obtained by the fast atom bombardment mass (FABMS) fragmentation of the adducts, La@C82(NCH2Ph) and La2@C80(NCH2Ph).
Chemoselective Activation of Aldimine in Preference to Aldehyde by the Combination of BF3•OEt2 and Water: Novel Catalyst for the Mannich-type Reaction
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Takaya Jun , Kagoshima Hirotaka
Published: September 2003

Reported herein are that catalytic amount of conventional Lewis acids activated aldimines in preference to aldehydes, and addition of water to BF3•OEt2 accelerated the Mannich-type reaction significantly to afford β-amino carbonyl compounds in high yields.
Metallo-Supramolecular Fullerene Architectures: Synthesis and Characterization of Bucky Ligands and a Non-Covalent Dimer
Authors: Schubert Ulrich S , Weidl Christian H , Rapta Peter , Harth Eva , Müllen Klaus
Published: September 2003

Two novel bidentate 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands in which the heterocyclic system is attached to o-quinodimethane functionalized [60]fullerene units with variable spacers were obtained. A first supramolecular non-covalent dimer was prepared using copper(I) ions and characterized by FD mass spectrometry, cyclovoltammetry and ESR.
Diethylaluminum Ethoxide Mediated Crossed Aldol Reaction of Enol Esters with Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shibata Jun , Shimamura Tadashi , Shiina Isamu
Published: September 2003

Crossed aldol reaction of enol esters, stable carbon nucleophiles, with carbonyl compounds is effectively performed by the promotion of diethylaluminum ethoxide under mild conditions. This reaction is applicable not only to simple enol esters but also to lactones such as α-angelicalactone.
Synthesis and Ligand Exchange Control of Ru(η2-C2H3YPh)(cod)(depe) (Y = O, S)
Authors: Planas Jose Giner , Hirano Masafumi , Komiya Sanshiro
Published: September 2003

Reaction of Ru(cod)(cot) (1) [cod: 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cot: 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene] with phenyl vinyl sulfide or ether in the presence of depe [1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane] gives the new complexes Ru(η2-C2H3YPh)(cod)(depe) [Y = S (2), O (3)]. Upon reaction with PMe3, selective ligand exchange of PhOC2H3 takes place exclusively in 3 to give Ru(cod)(depe)(PMe3) (4), whereas 2 gives exchange reaction of either PhSC2H3 or cod giving 4 or Ru(η2-C2H3SPh)(PMe3)2(depe) (5).
Complexing Behavior of New Naphthalene Derivatives Having Amide Groups as Fluorescent Chemosensors for Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions
Authors: Kawakami Jun , Fukushi Atsuo , Ito Shoei
Published: September 2003

New naphthalene derivatives (1NSN, 1NLN, 1NE and 1NcrownN) as fluorescent chemosensors for metal ions using excimer emission were synthesized. We investigated the metal ion recognition of 1NSN, 1NLN, 1NE and 1NcrownN. Large changes in the fluorescence spectra of not only 1NSN and 1NLN but also 1NE were observed with the addition of magnesium ion. However, changes in the fluorescence spectra of 1NcrownN were not observed with the addition of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions.
Brominated-trihalomethane Formation from Phenolic Derivatives as a Model of Humic Materials by the Reaction with Hypochlorite and Hypobromite Ions
Authors: Ichihashi Keiko , Teranishi Kiyoshi , Ichimura Akio
Published: September 2003

Among the 21 phenolic derivatives tested for the model system of the disinfection process in the natural water containing humic acid, 2-hydroxytoluene and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid produced high yields of CHBr3 under the co-existence of NaOCl and NaOBr. In the study of distribution of THMs produced, the amount of CHBr3 increased with the relative concentration of NaOCl added to NaOBr. These results were similar to the case of halogenation of the humic acid under the co-existence of NaOCl and NaOBr.
Ultraviolet Luminescence of Rb4Ta6O17 with a Layered Structure
Authors: Kudo Akihiko , Shibata Tatsuo , Kato Hideki
Published: September 2003

Rb4Ta6O17 with a layered structure showed ultraviolet emission around 340 nm by photoexcitation at 270 nm. The ultraviolet emission was observed even at room temperature. The luminescent properties of Rb4Ta6O17 were compared with those of K4Nb6O17 with the similar layered structure and other tantalates. The Stokes shift was smaller than that of other tantalate phosphors. The excitation energy in Rb4Ta6O17 was delocalized more or less.
Multiple Arylation of Phenols around the Oxygen under Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiki , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Nomura Masakatsu
Published: September 2003

Phenols undergo pentaarylation around the oxygen upon a single treatment with excess aryl bromides in the presence of a palladium catalyst system to produce 2-(1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)-6-(1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl-2′-yl)phenol derivatives.
Dihydroxylation of Naphthalene by Molecular Oxygen and Water Using TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Jia Jianguang , Ohno Teruhisa , Masaki Yuji , Matsumura Michio
Published: September 2003

TiO2-catalyzed photo-reaction of naphthalene was investigated in mixed solutions of acetonitrile and water. The main products were confirmed to be 1,8- and 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, without any 1- or 2-naphthol being detected. Both O2 and H2O were essential to yield the products. The quantum efficiency of the 1,8- and 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene products reached about 10% at 365 nm after irradiated for 1 h.
Novel Photochromic Dye Based on Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Arai Tatsuo , Ikegami Masashi
Published: September 2003

2-(2-Pyrrolylmethylidene)indolin-3-one (2) exhibited color change from reddish orange to greenish yellow giving the E isomer composition from 99% to 15% on irradiation at 366 nm and 546 nm, respectively.
The Size-dependent Property of 1,3,5-Triphenyl-2-pyrazoline Microcrystals
Authors: Fu Hong-Bing , Ji Xue-Hai , Yao Jian-Nian
Published: September 2003

1,3,5-Triphenyl-2-pyrazoline microcrystals with different sizes from 300 nm to 30 nm were prepared by the reprecipitation method and their absorption peak was found to shift to higher energy side with decreasing crystal size due to size effect and J-aggregate effect.
Preparation and Immobilization of 6-Amino-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline. New Fluorescent Chemosensory Materials for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Kanbara Takaki , Takakusagi Hitoshi , Kagaya Shigehiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi
Published: September 2003

6-Amino-2,3-di(2-pyridyl)quinoxaline and its derivatives were synthesized and immobilized to polymer support, and the interaction with metal ions was examined. The spectroscopic data predict promising chemosensory materials.
Intercalation of Nickel Hydroxide into Large Crystal of Vermiculite
Authors: Uehara Motoki , Yamazaki Atsushi , Omori Soichi , Umezawa Taku , Tsutsumi Sadao , Takahashi Koichiro
Published: September 2003

Vermiculite of centimeter size was treated with a nickel nitrate solution under hydrothermal condition. A complex intercalated with nickel hydroxide was produced at the part within 100 μm from the edge and 10 μm from the surface under the conditions of 250 °C for 100 h. In the inner regions, nickel hydroxide was intercalated in the layers having no fixed K, but not intercalated in the region having fixed K.
An Investigation of Increase of Sorption of Strontium with the Exchange of Lithium on Montmorillonite
Authors: Dutta Niranjan Chandra , Iwasaki Takashi , Onodera Yoshio , Hayashi Hiromichi , Nagase Takako
Published: September 2003

Sorption of Sr2+ ions on Na-montmorillonite was carried out in Sr2+ ions and in binary solutions of Sr2+ and Li+ ions at 220 °C for 24 h under hydrothermal condition. Sorption of Sr2+ ions was found to be substantially increased by the assistance of Li+ ions. FT-IR spectra revealed that migration of Li+ ions in the hexagonal hole of montmorillonite and subsequent exchange with Sr2+ ions affected OH-stretching bands caused an increase of Sr-sorption.
Imaging of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Activities of a Single Algal Protoplast by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kaya Takatoshi , Matsue Tomokazu
Published: September 2003

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) based on the reduction current for oxygen was used for imaging of respiratory and photosynthetic activities of single, living protoplasts. In the dark, the image of the protoplast appeared as a spot with lower oxygen concentration due to consumption of oxygen by respiration. Under light irradiation, the protoplast appeared as the opposite image because it generated oxygen by photosynthesis. SECM images clearly displayed a decrease in photosynthetic activity of the protoplast injected with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthetic inhibitor.
Redox Reaction of Defect Species in ZnO Modified with Cu2+
Authors: Sugawara Michio , Noda Takafumi , Ebina Hiroshi , Koitabashi Takao
Published: September 2003

The ZnO modified with Cu2+ were prepared and characterized by ESR. The novel redox reaction in ZnO bulk was observed from the time course of ESR signal intensities of defect species and Cu2+ in the Cu2+-modified ZnO.
Oxygenation of Saturated Hydrocarbyl Groups in the Dinuclear Ni(III) Bis(μ-oxo) Complexes with the Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands TpR (R = Me3 and Pri2)
Authors: Hikichi Shiro , Yoshizawa Michito , Sasakura Yasuyuki , Komatsuzaki Hidehito , Akita Munetaka , Moro-oka Yoshihiko
Published: September 2003

Intramolecular oxygenation of the Me and Pri substituents of TpR to give the carboxylate (–CO2−) and enolate (–CMe=CHO−) groups, respectively, is mediated by the Ni(III)2-bis(μ-oxo) complexes in the presence of an excess amount of H2O2.
Direct Visualization of DNA Decondensation on Mica by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Sun Xueguang , Cao En-hua , Liu Maozi , Bai Chunli
Published: September 2003

Lambda DNA/Hind III solution in the presence of cations was gradually diluted into four different concentration, namely 50, 25, 10, 1 ng/μl. The morphology change during this process was observed by atomic force microscopy. Images reveal that at the highest concentration, a flower-like structure with multiple loops crossing at the same point was exhibited on mica. Following it are some irregularly planer “layers” accompanied by occasional toroids. When DNA concentration was diluted to 10 ng/μl, a large complex network structure appeared, which was eventually replaced by the extended and isolated DNA molecules at 1 ng/μl. This structural transition may be helpful for us to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA decondensation.
Bistable Charge-Transfer Complex Formation in the TCNE-Biphenylene System Based on the Intermolecular HOMO-LUMO Interaction in the Neutral and Dianionic Redox States of TCNE
Authors: Uno Bunji , Okumura Noriko
Published: September 2003

It has been demonstrated that the tetracyanoethylene dianion (TCNE2−) forms the charge-transfer complex with biphenylene (BP), caused by the favorable intermolecular HOMO–LUMO interaction. The TCNE–BP system involving the bistable charge-transfer (CT) complex formation modulated by redox reactions of TCNE is characterized by the geometrical properties and the trichromic change.
Photooxygenation of Chromone-2-carboxylic Acid: Identification of Ketohydroperoxide Using a Chemiluminescence Technique
Authors: Kawata Hiroki , Kumagai Tsutomu , Niizuma Shigeya
Published: September 2003

Irradiation of chromone-2-carboxylic acid in aerated ethanol solution gives 4-hydroxycoumarine with the quantum yield of 0.02. The reaction proceeds via the decarboxylation followed by the addition of the oxygen molecule. Chemiluminescence measuring was successfully applied to detect the ketohydroperoxide intermediate in the photoreaction.
Bis(thioxo-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl)ylidene, a New Donor Molecule with High Electron-Donating Ability Comparable to Tetrathiafulvalene
Authors: Ueda Kazumasa , Kamata Yutaka , Kominami Tsuyoshi , Iwamatsu Masaki , Sugimoto Toyonari
Published: September 2003

A new donor molecule, bis(thioxo-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl)ylidene (1) was obtained by the iodine oxidation of bis(tetraethylammonium) bis(2,3-diethylthiotetrathiafulvalenyl-6,7-dithiolato) zinc complex (3). The molecular skeleton of 1 except for the four ethyl groups is almost planar and significant intramolecular S-S contact is present. The redox process of 1 is composed of four electron-transfer steps, of which the first step has almost the same redox potential (+0.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to that of tetrakis(ethylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (TET-TTF). Very interestingly, 1 exhibited longest-wavelength electronic absorptions near 1100 nm.
Functional Regulation of Myoglobin by Iron Corrphycene
Authors: Neya Saburo , Funasaki Noriaki , Hori Hiroshi , Imai Kiyohiro , Nagatomo Shigenori , Iwase Tadashi , Yonetani Takashi
Published: September 2003

Iron corrphycene, a novel isomeric heme, was incorporated into myoglobin to examine the influence of heme deformation on the function. The reconstituted protein, although functionally active, exhibits extremely lower affinities for O2 and CO as compared with the native protein. The functional anomaly was explained in terms of modified iron reactivity in the trapezoidal coordination core.
High Yield Methanol Formation in a CH4-O2-NO2 Gaseous Selective Oxidation at 1 atm
Authors: Teng Yonghong , Ouyang Feng , Dai Lianxin , Karasuda Takashi , Sakurai Hiroaki , Tabata Kenji , Suzuki Eiji
Published: September 2003

Methanol and formaldehyde except for carbon oxides, nitromethane, and formic acid were obtained with high selectivities at 808K under 1 atm in a gaseous reaction of 55.6CH4-27.7O2-0.5NO2-16.2He. Selectivities to methanol and formaldehyde were 27.3% and 24.5% at the level of 10% methane conversion, respectively. The reaction route to methanol formation was addressed.
A Novel Ion Exchange Method to Modify Mesoporpous Molecular Sieve Al-FSM-16 by Cobalt-Complex
Authors: Chen Hui , Matsumoto Akihiko , Nishimiya Nobuyuki , Tsutsumi Kazuo
Published: September 2003

A novel ion exchange method of modifying mesoporous material, Al-FSM-16, has been found and applied to preparation of functional Al-FSM-16 containing Co-Salen inside the pores. The method is characterized in that the Co2+ ion exchange, which is followed by chelation with Salen H2, is performed in a nonaqueous glacial acetic acid solution of cobalt(II) acetate. The lattice regularity and pore structure of Al-FSM-16 are retained through the modification as evidenced by XRD, TEM and N2 adsorption measurements at 77 K. This non-destructive modification method is significant, since conventional ion exchange methods using aqueous solutions always cause severe damages to the framework structure of Al-FSM-16.
Microwave Induced an Efficient Synthesis of Alcohols via Cross-Cannizzaro Reaction
Authors: Thakuria Julfikar Ali , Baruah Mukulesh , Sandhu Jagir Singh
Published: September 2003

Aromatic aldehydes 1 are converted to alcohols 2 by cross-Cannizzaro reactions under microwave irradiations in dry media within 20-25 sec. in excellent yields.
Studies on the Formation and Structure of Highly Dispersed PdO Interacted with Brønsted Acid Sites on Zeolite by EXAFS
Authors: Okumura Kazu , Amano Jiro , Niwa Miki
Published: September 2003

The degree of the dispersion of PdO was highly dependent on the Al content of HZSM-5. This is due to the strong interaction between Brønsted acid sites and PdO as demonstrated by the reversible transformation from aggregated metal Pd to highly dispersed PdO upon the successive reduction and oxidation treatments. The role of Brønsted acid sites was considered to keep the dispersed state of PdO.
Preparation and Characteristic Properties of 1,4-Bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium)benzene Bishexafluorophosphate
Authors: Takekuma Shin-ichi , Sasaki Masato , Takekuma Hideko , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: September 2003

Reaction of guaiazulene (1) with a 0.5 molar amount of terephthalaldehyde in acetic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 25 °C for 10 min under aerobic conditions selectively affords 1,4-bis(3-guaiazulenylmethylium)benzene dichloride (2), which upon treatment with hexafluorophosphoric acid quantitatively forms the title bishexafluorophosphate 3 as stable crystals.
Solid Film Device to Visualize UV-Irradiation
Authors: Kaburagi Yuuki , Tokita Sumio , Kaneko Masao
Published: September 2003

A solid film device capable of visualizing ultraviolet ray irradiation was created using a nanohetero-structured polysaccharide solid containing acid generator, dye and 2-propanol medium.
Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Tosylates and Bromides with Grignard Reagents in the Presence of 1,3-Butadiene
Authors: Terao Jun , Naitoh Yoshitaka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: September 2003

A new method for cross-coupling reaction of alkyl tosylates and bromides with Grignard reagents has been developed by the use of Pd(acac)2 or PdCl2 as the catalyst. Addition of 1,3-butadiene is essential to afford good yields of coupling products. This reaction proceeds efficiently at room temperature using primary and secondary alkyl and aryl Grignard reagents.
Extraordinarily High Thermal Stability of the Closed-ring Isomer of 1,2-Bis(5-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Takami Shizuka , Kobatake Seiya , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Irie Masahiro
Published: September 2003

The closed-ring isomer of 1,2-bis(5-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-4-yl)perfluorocyclopentene 1b was found to be extraordinarily thermally stable (t1/2 = 4.7 × 105 years at 30 °C), while the photochemical cycloreversion efficiency is similar to the dithienylethene closed-ring isomer of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenylthiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene 2b.
Analytical Performance of Capillary Electrophoretic System with UV/CL or FL/CL Dual Detector
Authors: Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Sawanoi Kaori , Kamekawa Masayuki , Nakajima Riichiro
Published: September 2003

The capillary electrophoretic system with UV/CL or FL/CL dual detector was developed, taking advantage of the batch-type CL detection cell and the CL reaction of luminol-hydrogen peroxide or the flow-type CL detection cell and the CL reaction of peroxyoxalate–hydrogen peroxide. In each system, the UV or FL detection was carried out with on-capillary, followed by the CL detection with end-capillary. These systems could offer easily, rapidly, and simultaneously informations due to absorption and CL as well as those of FL and CL, respectively.
Radical-mediated Carbonylation of Alkyl Iodides in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sugiura Masaharu , Hagio Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: September 2003

Radical-mediated single carbonylation of alkyl iodides furnishing carboxylic acids proceeded in water using phosphinic acid as a radical initiator in the presence of a surfactant (CTAB). On the other hand, formation of double carbonylation product (α-keto carboxylic acid) along with single carbonylation product was observed for the first time, when the reaction was carried out in aqueous ethanol without any surfactants.
A New Method for α-Selective Glycosylation Using a Donor, Glycosyl Methyldiphenylphosphonium Iodide, without Any Assistance of Acid Promoters
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kobashi Yohei , Shintou Taichi
Published: September 2003

A mild and highly α-selective glycosylation of several glycosyl acceptors was performed with an in situ formed glycosyl donor, benzyl-protected glycosyl methyldiphenylphosphonium iodide, to afford the corresponding α-disaccharides in high yields in CH2Cl2 at room temperature without any assistance of acid promoters.
Origin of Ferromagnetic Coupling in a Dicyanamide-bridged One-dimensional Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Kou Hui-Zhong , He Yi
Published: September 2003

A dicyanamide-bridged 1D chain complex has been characterized structurally and magnetically. The Cu(II) ion exhibits a distorted trigonal bipyramidal (tbp) geommetry with the axial positions ocuppied by the benzimidazole nitrogen atom and the unidentate dca nitrogen atom. The ferromagnetic nature of the complex has been assigned to be due to the π–π contacts rather than the μ-1,5 dca bridges.
Novel Indigo Light Emitting Long-lasting Phosphors CdSiO3: RE3+(RE = Y, La, Gd, Lu)
Authors: Lei Bingfu , Liu Yingliang , Ye Zeren , Shi Chunshan
Published: September 2003

A series of novel indigo light emitting long-lasting phosphors CdSiO3: RE3+ (RE = Y, La, Gd, Lu) was prepared by the conventional high-temperature solid-state method. The XRD, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and afterglow intensity decay were used to characterize the synthesized phosphors. These phosphors emitted indigo light and showed long-lasting phosphorescence. The phosphorescence can be seen with the naked eye in the dark clearly even after the 254-nm UV irradiation have been removed for more than 30 min.
Preparation of Heteronuclear La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O Complex and its Thermal Decomposition into Single Phase La2CuO4
Authors: Shimamoto Youichi , Aono Hiromichi , Kondo Nobuyuki , Kurihara Masato , Sakamoto Masatomi , Sadaoka Yoshihiko
Published: September 2003

A heteronuclear complex, La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O, was synthesized and its thermal decomposition products were studied. Results of chemical analysis and TGA agreed with theoretical values for La2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16·2H2O complex. The La2CuO4 single phase having ca. 100 nm in crystal size was obtained by the thermal decomposition at 700 °C for 1 h.
Evaluation of the mastoid air cell system by high resolution computed tomography: three-dimensional multiplanar volume rendering technique
Authors: Koç Ahmet , Ekinci Gazanfer , Bilgili A. Mert , Akpinar Ihsan N. , Yakut Hamdi , Han Turgay
Published: September 2003

The mastoid air cell system is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of middle-ear inflammatory disease. The mastoid cavity is not only an air reservoir, but also an active space for gas exchange. Various methods of temporal bone imaging have been designed to investigate mastoid pneumatization. In this study, we examined 100 normal temporal bones for the evaluation of mastoid pneumatization. Mastoid air cell systems were measured by reconstructed axial and coronal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images. The reconstructions were made by a three-dimensional multiplanar volume rendering (3D MPVR) technique. The mean volume of the mastoid air cell pneumatization was 7.9 cm3 (4.0-14.0 cm3, SD = 2.3 cm3). The ears were allocated to the groups with respect to measured mastoid air cell pneumatization. Twenty-eight per cent of the ears have small pneumatization with an aircell system not exceeding 6 cm3. Fifty-two per cent had an air cell system between six and 10 cm3, and 20 per cent had an air cell system exceeding 10 cm3. With its excellent imaging quality and the ability to eliminate bone and soft tissue, HRCT is the best method for evaluating the mastoid air cell system. The 3D MPVR technique must be used tomeasure the temporal bone/mastoid pneumatization for the best results.
A survey of dizziness management in General Practice
Authors: Jayarajan V. , Rajenderkumar D.
Published: September 2003

There is little information in the current literature about the management of dizziness in Primary Care (General Practice). An attempt was made to evaluate this by carrying out a postal survey of General Practitioners’ (GPs) treatment methods in four Health Authorities in England and Wales. The survey revealed that eight out of every 1000 individuals are likely to consult their GP on account of dizziness in a 12-month period. The symptom is mostcommon in the 60–80 years’ age group, with ’labyrinthitis’ being the commonest diagnosis. In the majority of cases (74.9 per cent) there was an improvement in the symptoms and only 13 per cent were referred to a specialist clinic. The survey also highlighted the need for additional resources to improve the management of these patients.
Active anterior rhinomanometry analysis in normal adult Malays
Authors: Suzina A. H. , Hamzah M. , Samsudin A. R.
Published: September 2003

The differences in facial anatomical structures of the major ethnic groups,may also be reflected in nasal resistance. Active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) is the recommended technique for the objective assessment of nasal airway resistance (NAR). This study comprised of 85 adult Malay subjects. All the subjects had to undergo a primary assessment of relevantsymptoms of nasal disease and nasal examination before undergoing AAR assessment. The mean value of total nasal airway resistance (NAR) was 0.19 Pa/cm3/s (ranged from 0.09 to 0.55Pa/cm3/s) at 75 Pa pressure point and 0.24 Pa/cm3/s ranged from 0.12 to 0.52 Pa/cm3/s) at 150 Pa pressure point. The mean unilateral NARwas 0.46 Pa/cm3/s at a reference pressure of 75 Pa and 0.51 Pa/cm3/s at a reference pressure of 150 Pa. In this study we presented normal values for NAR in healthy Malay adult subjects. AARproves to be a valuable clinical method for recording and quantitating nasal resistance.
Objective assessment of nasal resistance in patients with nasal disease
Authors: Suzina A. H. , Hamzah M. , Samsudin A. R.
Published: September 2003

Nasal obstruction is a subjective complaint in patients with nasal disease.The ability to quantitate the nasal ventilation dysfunction would be useful for making the appropriate choice of nasal disease management. This cross-sectional study comprised of 200 adult subjects. They underwent assessment of relevant symptoms, nasal examination and investigations before undergoing active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) assessment. A group of 88 normal subjectsand 112 patients with nasal disease were included. The mean total nasal air resistance (NAR) was significantly higher in patients with nasal disease (0.33 Pa/cm3/s) as compared tonormal subjects (0.24 Pa/cm3/s). There was no significant difference in total NAR between patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction and those without the symptoms (p = 0.42). It is concluded that AAR is a sensitive but not a specific tool for the detection of abnormalities in NAR and it failed to relate to the symptom of nasal obstruction.
The use of hyaluronidase in nasal infiltration: prospective randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Clement W. A. , Vyas S. H. , Marshall J. N. , Dempster J. H.
Published: September 2003

A double-blind randomized prospective case-control pilot study was performed to assess tissue distortion caused by the infiltration of local anaesthetic to the dorsum of the nose and to see if this was altered by the addition of hyaluronidase. Forty patients undergoing nasal manipulation for fractured nasal bones were randomized to receive either 4 ml of twoper cent lignocaine and adrenaline 1:200000 or 4 ml of two per cent lignocaine and adrenaline 1:200000 with 1500 IU hyaluronidase, which was infiltrated subcutaneously over the nasal dorsum.One surgeon using a standardized technique performed the nasal infiltration. Other outcome measures were ease of manipulation, adequacy of the reduction, patient satisfaction with cosmesisand patient analgesia requirements. There were trends for decreased tissue distortion and improved ease of manipulation in the hyaluronidase group. Larger trials are required to confirm these results.
Bacteraemia during tonsillectomy
Authors: Yildirim Ilhami , Okur Erdogan , Ciragil Pinar , Aral Mural , Kilic M. Akif , Gul Mustafa
Published: September 2003

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bacteraemia during tonsillectomy and investigate the effect of the timing of culture sampling on the incidence of bacteraemia associated with it. Sixty-four consecutive patients who had been admitted for elective tonsillectomy were included in the study. Patients were randomly classified into two groups. Blood cultures as well as tonsillar surface and deep tissue cultures were obtained from all patients before tonsillectomy and 60 minutes after tonsillectomy. In addition, blood cultures were taken within two minutes following tonsillectomy for group 1 and 15 minutes after tonsillectomy for group 2. In group 1, the cultures obtained within two minutes were positive in nine patients, while only two of the blood cultures taken post-operatively were positive in group 2. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that a transient bacteraemia occurs frequently in association withtonsillectomy, but the timing of culture sampling for its detection is important.
Patients’ perspectives on the short- and long-term outcomes following surgery for benign parotid neoplasms
Authors: Marshall Andrew H. , Quraishi Shahed M. , Bradley Patrick J.
Published: September 2003

Surgery for benign parotid gland salivary neoplasms is associated with sequelae: scar and divot defect and complications, facial nerve paresis/paralysis and Frey’s syndrome. These potential sequelae and complications are discussed with all patients prior to operation. We contacted 212 patients who had undergone surgery for benign parotid disease during1988–1997, by postal questionnaire. We enquired about their perception and recollection of the information they had received pre-operatively and to document and comment upon what problems they had experienced in the early and late post-operative period. The usable return rate was 75.5 per cent (173/212). Most patients (90 per cent) were satisfied with the information theyhad received pre-operatively. The complication and/or sequelae rates for facial nerve palsy (temporary 26.3 per cent, permanent 1.9 per cent), Frey’s syndrome (12.5 per cent) and sensory deficit about the cheek and ear (30.6 per cent), are comparable to other published studies.
Prospective evaluation of internal hospital requests for consultation of an Otolaryngology department
Authors: de Casso Carmen , Rapado Fernando , Zarod Andrew
Published: September 2003

This was a prospective study and analysis of the clinical nature and severity of consultation, patient age and sex, place of consultation, grade of attending doctor and management strategy of in-patients referred for a specialist opinion to a Department of Otolaryngology.

Internal requests for consultation were evaluated at the North Manchester General Hospital between October 1999 and August 2000 (n=101).

Patients referred to the Otolaryngology department were of a varied clinical nature with head and neck complaints being the largest group. Forty-six of the patients had minor complaints.Patients were found to be predominantly male and older than 50 years of age. The grade of attending doctor was predominantly a Specialist Registrar and the management strategy was most frequently conservative.

Many of the requests for consultation were regarding minor problems that could be referred to a routine out-patient clinic. There is a need to improve the indication criteria for internalconsultation, as well as the information provided in them.
Front-loading of Groningen voice prosthesis in alaryngeal patients requiring prosthetic replacement
Authors: Iwai H. , Adachi M. , Yamashita T.
Published: September 2003

The Groningen voice prosthesis can be successfully replaced using the back-loading system. We have attempted to minimize patient stress by developing a front-loading system that does not require insertion of the introducer via the tracheo-oesophageal shunt to the oral cavity or the mesopharyngeal anaesthetization regularly used with the back-loading system. Using our front-loading system, the existing prosthesis is removed, then the posterior portion of the replacement Groningen prosthesis is grasped by a pair of nasal forceps with a small jaw to make an acute angle and inserted into the oesophageal cavity through the shunt at a stroke. All 20 patients who underwent forward-loading replacement of a Groningen (n=17) or Blom-Singer (n=3) valve with a Groningen valve tolerated the procedure well and experienced no complications except, in some cases, for minor bleeding just after insertion of the prosthesis.The procedure was completed within 30 seconds.
Antrolithiasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Nass Duce Meltem , Talas Derya Ümit , Özer Caner , Yildiz Altan , Apaydin F. Demir , Özgür Anil
Published: September 2003

In this retrospective study, the computed tomography (CT) archives of paranasal sinus examinations were reviewed and three cases of antroliths are presented. The archivesof paranasal sinus CT studies of 1957 patients (1023 females, 934 males, mean age 36.5 years) were surveyed. CT studies were performed using 3 mm collimation and interval in the coronal, axial or both coronal and axial planes.

Three out of 1957 patients demonstrated antroliths, all in the left maxillary sinus. Associated sinusitis was detected in all three patients. Only one patient was operated. The chemical analysis of the antrolith revealed it to be a calcium oxalate stone. All the relevant literatureis reviewed and only 25 other cases of true antrolithiasis were encountered. The clinical and radiological features of antroliths,as well as differential diagnosis were discussed.

Antrolithiasis should be considered in any case of sinusitis, that does not respond to appropriate medical therapy.
Laser surgical treatment of laryngeal paraganglioma
Authors: Sesterhenn Andreas M. , Folz Bendikt J. , Lippert Burkard M. , Jänig Ute , Werner Jochen A.
Published: September 2003

Paragangliomas are rare benign neoplasms arising from the neural crest-derived paraganglia of the autonomic nervous system. In the larynx three different localizations of paraganglia are known. Most laryngeal paragangliomas arise from the supraglottic paraganglia. A review of the literature shows that the treatment of choice for laryngeal paragangliomas is surgical excision. Since the implementation of CO2 laser surgery into laryngology in 1972, no reports of endoscopic laser surgical excisions of laryngeal paragangliomas have been published so far. We present the case of a 66-year-old female patient who suffered from a large (4 × 4 × 3 cm) left supraglottic paraganglioma. The tumour was completely excised utilizing the CO2 laser. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the tissue presented the typical findings of a laryngeal paraganglioma. The pre- and post-operative management as well as the treatment strategies are discussed. To our knowledge the present case demonstrates for the first time a complete transoral CO2 laser surgical resection of an advanced laryngeal paraganglioma.
CO2-laser treatment of laryngeal amyloidosis
Authors: Motta Gaetano , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Motta Sergio , Staibano Stefania
Published: September 2003

Four consecutive female patients (age: 14–47 years) with laryngeal amyloidosis, treated with endoscopic CO2-laser surgery, entered the study. All patients underwent periodic microlaryngoscopies following surgery to confirm the adequacy of the surgical resection. Recurrences or suspected lesions were resected and fibrin deposits were removed to prevent the formation of synechiae or healing adhesions. After two negative microlaryngoscopies, performed two months apart, the patients were followed-up approximately every six months over a period from six months to 18 years, with no evidence of recurrences. The endoscopic CO2-laser technique is highly effective in the treatment of localized laryngeal amyloidosis.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of laryngeal chondrosarcoma
Authors: Windfuhr J. P.
Published: September 2003

Chondrosarcomas of the larynx (CS) are uncommon and predominantly affect the cricoid cartilage. In the larynx they have a distinctive biological behaviour and require individual treatment. A retrospective study was made on three cases of CS, all presenting with compromise of the upper respiratory tract. The medical history varied from several weeks to six years. Correct diagnosis required open resection of the lesion in all cases. Due to intra-operative findings, all patients underwent total laryngectomy. CS grow slowly and are therefore frequently diagnosed late in the course of the disease. A subglottic bulging of the mucosa should indicate high-resolution-computed-tomography of the larynx to exclude affection of the laryngeal framework. Correct diagnosis of laryngeal cartilaginous tumours requires a complete examination of the entirely resected tumour. Only extended and de-differentiated CS indicate further radical surgery, the remainder call for conservative surgical management.
Thyroglossal duct cyst in hyoid bone: unusual location
Authors: Tas Abdullah , Karasalihoglu Ahmet Rifat , Yagiz Recep , Doğanay Latife , Guven Selis
Published: September 2003

An atypically sited thyroglossal cyst in a 69-year-old woman is described in this report. The cysts may be located in the intralingual, suprahyoid, thyrohyoid or suprasternal region. The intrahyoid location is rare. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Surgical procedure should be indicated in intrahyoid thyroglossal duct cyst cases.
Late laryngo-tracheal cartilage necrosis with external fistula 44 years after radiotherapy
Authors: Takiguchi Yoshitaka , Okamura Hiro-Oki , Kitamura Ken , Kishimoto Seiji
Published: September 2003

Major late complications, following radiotherapy of head and neck carcinomas, such as laryngeal oedema, perichondritis and chondronecrosis usually occur between three and 12 months after treatment. However, the present case displayed necrosis of the laryngo-tracheal cartilage and ulceration of anterior neck skin with a tracheal fistula 44 years after irradiation. The reasons for the long interval between irradiation and late complications may be explained by long-standing hypovascularity and/or infection of the irradiated area. Histological study revealed chondronecrosis without inflammatory cells in the laryngo-tracheal cartilage and bacterial colonization of subcutaneous tissue. Necrotic tissue was removed and tracheostomy was performed. The fistula was almost completely closed using a delto-pectoral cutaneous flap and the clinical course of patient has been good. This paper demonstrates the possibility of laryngo-tracheal necrosis in cases that had received radiation as long ago as 44 years.
A glomus vagale tumour presenting with acute left ventricular failure
Authors: Riley Neil , Allison Robert
Published: September 2003

A glomus vagale is a rare lesion of paraganglionic cells in the vagal perineurium. Secretion of hormones by such a tumour is exceedingly uncommon, although associated metabolic processes have been demonstrated. Clinical effects of secretion reported previously have been minimal. We report a case where resistant hypertension was eventually found to be due to a secretory glomus vagale, and was greatly alleviated by removal of the lesion.
Stensen’s duct obstruction by foreign body and subsequent candidal infection of the parotid gland
Authors: Stefanopoulos Panagiotis K. , Karakassis Demetrios Th. , Triantafyllidou Aikaterini
Published: September 2003

A case of chronic inflammation complicated by Candida infection of the parotid gland in a 50-year-old woman is presented. This eventually proved to be caused by Stensen’s duct obstruction due to an unusual radiolucent foreign body. The process that led to the proper diagnosis is presented and the importance of surgical exploration of the main duct in cases suggesting distal duct obstruction is stressed.
Endolymphatic sac tumours
Authors: Richards P. S. , Clifton A. G.
Published: September 2003

We present a case of a papillary tumour of the petrous bone. The established terminology for this rare neoplasm is endolymphatic sac tumour (ELST) but the true origin remains controversial. ELSTs are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. They are locally invasive, highly vascular and often require endovascular embolization prior to surgery. Both radiologically and histologically ELSTs are easily mistaken for other more common tumours such as paragangliomas and renal or papillary thyroid carcinoma metastases. This is important because local excision is curative.
Presence and place of main ideas and examples in study texts
Authors: Beishuizen Jos , Asscher Jessica , Prinsen Fleur , Elshout‐Mohr Marianne
Published: September 2003

Background: How indispensable are examples and main ideas in study texts? In research into comprehension of expository texts examples are sometimes considered as cognitive support, sometimes as seductive details. According to the cognitivist view, text comprehension is based on main ideas, whereas the constructivist view holds that examples are the basis of understanding.

Aims: This study explored how text comprehension is influenced by main ideas and examples in study texts, in relation to Vermunt's (1992, 1998) ‘concrete elaboration’ learning style. In Experiment 1, concrete texts with many examples were compared with abstract texts with many main ideas. In Experiment 2, idea‐oriented texts, in which main ideas preceded examples, were compared with example‐oriented texts, in which examples preceded main ideas.

Samples: In both experiments, undergraduate social sciences students studied various versions of an introductory text on educational psychology.

Methods: The text contained sections with a varying number of relevant and irrelevant examples and with or without a main idea (Experiment 1), and sections with a main idea followed by examples, sections with a main idea without examples, or sections with examples followed by a main idea (Experiment 2). After studying the text, students completed a verbatim recognition test and an explanation test.

Results: Best results were obtained after studying sections with a main idea and two or five examples. Irrelevant examples were detrimental to understanding. Students used examples to construct knowledge or to activate prior knowledge. Students with a strong habit of concrete elaboration used main ideas to recollect episodes of personal experience. This may interfere with understanding underlying concepts and principles by relating main ideas to examples in the text. Students with a low score on the concrete elaboration scale were sensitive to the presence of examples in the study text.

Conclusion: In expository texts, examples are indispensable. The findings suggest that main ideas are useful, and, in order to prevent interference effects, the more so when they are put at the end of sections.
The influence of shyness on children's test performance
Authors: Crozier W. Ray , Hostettler Kirsten
Published: September 2003

Background: Research has shown that shy children differ from their peers not only in their use of language in routine social encounters but also in formal assessments of their language development, including psychometric tests of vocabulary. There has been little examination of factors contributing to these individual differences.

Aims: To investigate cognitive‐competence and social anxiety interpretations of differences in children's performance on tests of vocabulary. To examine the performance of shy and less shy children under different conditions of test administration, individually with an examiner or among their peers within the familiar classroom setting.

Sample: The sample consisted of 240 Year 5 pupils (122 male, 118 female) from 24 primary schools.

Method: Shy and less shy children, identified by teacher nomination and checklist ratings, completed vocabulary and mental arithmetic tests in one of three conditions, in a between‐subjects design. The conditions varied individual and group administration, and oral and written responses.

Results: The conditions of test administration influenced the vocabulary test performance of shy children. They performed significantly more poorly than their peers in the two face‐to‐face conditions but not in the group test condition. A comparable trend for the arithmetic test was not statistically significant. Across the sample as a whole, shyness correlated significantly with test scores.

Conclusions: Shyness does influence children's cognitive test performance and its impact is larger when children are tested face‐to‐face rather than in a more anonymous group setting. The results are of significance for theories of shyness and have implications for the assessment of schoolchildren.