bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcome of Métaizeau Technique of Intramedullary Pinning in Pediatric Displaced Radial Neck Fracture
Authors: Karki Prateek , Ranabhat Roshani , Shah Aman
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Displaced radial neck fracture in children when poorly managed results in deformity of elbow and incapacitates patient’s daily activities due to compromised forearm motion, hence they require careful attention.
Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of Métaizeau Technique in displaced radial neck fracture in Children.
Methods: This hospital based study evaluated the treatment outcome of 35 patients with an average age of 9.34 years (range, 6 – 14 years), who presented with displaced radial neck fracture; and were treated by Métaizeau technique of intramedullary pinning by Kirschners (K) wire at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from April 2017 to January 2020. Only Judet’s type 3 and 4 fractures were included in this study. Close reduction was attempted in all cases. All patients were followed up for an average of 8.4 months (range, 6-12 months). Functional outcome was assessed as per Métaizeau functional score.
Results: All fractures united at an average of 3.77 0.84 months (meanSD). Twenty seven patients had type 3 fracture and remaining 8 had type 4a fracture. Twenty five (92.5%) patients with type 3 fracture exhibited excellent results; while three patients (37.5%) with type 4a fracture had excellent outcome. Closed reduction produced excellent outcome in all patients while 80.95% patients with percutaneous reduction had excellent result.
Conclusion: Outcome depends on initial fracture type and mode of reduction. Closed reduction should be preferred over an open reduction in order to achieve superior outcome.
Normal Pituitary Gland Size and Morphology and Its Variations Related To Age and Gender: An MRI Evaluation
Authors: Jha Amit , Paudel Nabin , Nepal Sabin , Nayak Rajesh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The pituitary gland is regarded as the master endocrine gland of the body. Subtle alterations in the size can cause significant changes to other endocrine glands and hormonal status. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice to examine pituitary gland. It is important to know the range of normal size and variations according to age and gender to enable radiologists to suggest what might be an abnormal pituitary gland.
Aims: This study aims to examine normal size, volume and shape of pituitary gland and to establish a normal reference value for pituitary size in different age groups and genders.
Methods: MRI Brain of 137 patients were studied retrospectively and patients with endocrinal abnormalities were excluded from the study. Images were acquired in General Electronics 1.5 Tesla MRI machine and mid-sagittal T1WI and coronal T2WI were selected for accurate measurement of the gland. Height, AP diameter, Transverse diameter, and volume were calculated for each individual and the collected data was categorized based on age and sex for analysis. Pearson’s correlation test was done to establish a relation between age and volume of the gland and a p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Our study included 137 patients (57 males, 80 females) with age ranging from 3 to 86 years. The study was divided into six age groups. Mean pituitary height, AP diameter, transverse diameter and volume of the gland were 6mm, 8.9mm, 12.3 mm, and 354.5 mm3 respectively. The gland observed a gradual increase in size up to the third decade and was more pronounced in the female population. A steady decline in the size of the gland was noted after 30 years for both populations.
Conclusion: Good understanding of the normal size and shape of pituitary gland and its variation with age and gender is a must for every radiologist to compare with an abnormal increase in size.
Functional Outcome of Galezzi Fracture Dislocation in Adults Treated With Dynamic Compression Plate and Kirschner Wire
Authors: KC Dipendra , Shrestha Dinesh Kumar , Karki Prateek , Shrestha Sabin , Yogi Sushil , Giri Sagar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Galeazzi fracture-dislocation is a complex traumatic disruption of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) that is associated with lower shaft radius fracture. Galeazzi fractures are extremely unstable, and the results of nonsurgical treatment are uniformly unsatisfactory. Galeazzi fractures managed with closed modalities have unsatisfactory clinical results in most of the patients in published literature so open reduction and internal fixation with plating is the standard treatment for this fracture.
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of Galeazzi fracture dislocation.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Kohalpur, from April 2016 to March 2019.  It included 35 patients of age group 19 to 49. All of the fractures in this study were treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with 3.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (DCP) and cortical screws via Henrys anterior approach and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stabilization was done with 1 Kirschner wire (K-wire) inserted parallel to the wrist joint. Patients were observed at 6, 10, 16 and 24 weeks and 52 weeks both radiographically and clinically.
Results: In this study of 35 patients, 24 (68.57%) were males and 11 (31.43%) were females with the age range of 19 to 49 years and mean age of 35 and standard deviation (SD) of ±1.5 years. Majority of fractures were observed between 31 to 40 years of age. Most of the injuries were due to fall injury 51.42%. The average duration from time of injury to surgery was 5 days and bone grafting was not needed in any cases. The average time period for union was about 16 weeks. The most common complication seen in this study was stiffness of wrist (11.42%). Twenty four patients (68.57%) had good result, 10 patients (28.57%) had fair result and one patient (2.86%) had poor result in DASH score at final follow-up.
Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with plating and stabilization of distal radioulnar joint with K wire yields good to fair outcome on Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score.
Hearing Loss in Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Comparative Study at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Sharma Anshu , Saxena Ravinder , Paudel Dhundi Raj , Shrestha Kumar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hearing impairment is the most common congenital abnormality that occurs in 1 to 4/1000 newborns. It has a profound effect on their optimal development of language, speech and cognitive skill. Early detection in order to achieve effective treatment is essential. An association between low birth weight and hearing loss is commonly associated with multiple risk factors that can alter hearing in a synergistic fashion. Universal neonatal hearing screening programs have become widely implemented aiming for the screening, confirmation of the diagnosis and intervention by 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. Transient Evoked Otoacoustic emissions is one of the test found to be a quick, objective, non-invasive, accurate and easy test for early detection of this problem.  
Aims: Early detection of hearing loss in neonates focusing on low birth weight for early optimum rehabilitation.
Methods: A comparative case control study conducted in 100 neonates under 2 groups. 50 neonates with low birth weight and 50 with normal birth weight who were born at NGMCTH, Kohalpur. Their hearing evaluation was done with Transient Evoked Oto Acoustic Emission (TEOAE).
Results: The total referral rate was 12 % and pass rate was 88 %. The referral rate in LBW group was 20 % and 4 % in normal weight neonates. The pass rate in low birth weight was 80 % and 96 % in normal weight babies.
Conclusion: Hearing impairment is a severe consequence in neonates with low birth weight. To decrease the economic and social burden of effects of hearing loss, it is assumed that newborn screening can immeasurably improve the future of newborn with early rehabilitation.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Low Birth Weight Neonates Admitted In a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Adhikari Jyoti , KC Rajesh , Kharel Shristi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Birth weight <2500 grams, <1500 grams and <1000 grams irrespective of gestational age is low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight respectively. Low birth weight is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Aims: To find out the possible maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight babies, morbidities and mortalities seen in them during their hospital stay.
Methods: Hospital based cross sectional observational study was performed in 200 newborns <2500 grams in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.
Results: Out of 200 neonates 8 (4%), 40 (20%) and 152 (76%) were extremely low birth weight, very low birth weight and low birth weight respectively with Male:Female ratio of 1.12:1. Most common maternal risk factors for low birth weight was Illiterate mothers (88%) followed by preterm delivery (68%). Inadequate antenatal visit was associated with low birth weight (P<0.05). Most common morbidity seen in low birth weight was neonatal sepsis (96%) followed by neonatal jaundice (87%). 44 (22.0%) neonates expired and 156 (78.0%) survived. Neonatal sepsis was most common (36.4%) cause of mortality followed by respiratory distress syndrome (22.7%).
Conclusion: Certain measures could be taken to prevent low birth weight deliveries: discouraging delivery at teenage, adequate antenatal visits, avoiding smoking and alcohol during pregnancy. Well trained staffs and better facilities in neonatal intensive care unit could improve the survival and minimize the morbidities in low birth neonates.
Editorial Vol.5
Authors: Chitrakar Madan
Published: September 2021

No abstract available.
Purna Man Chitrakar (1864 - 1939 AD): A Pioneer - Least Celebrated
Authors: Chitrakar Madan
Published: September 2021

A frequent debate or an issue favorite amongst the art-history buffs is usually found around when and who first used oil paints as a medium of painting and introduced photography in Nepal. On many occasions, the credits were attributed to a legendary name – Bhaju Man Chitrakar or Bhaju-macha. But it appears now many of those narratives were made more based on the popular hearsays rather than actual study of his oeuvre of works or a credible analysis of the circumstances then.

The essay here seeks to analyze the roles of the prominent artists then – spanning late 80s of the 19th century to the late 30s of the 20th century. It is found the role played by a least celebrated artist Purna Man Chitrakar, seemed more credible – in ushering a new era, described as ‘Pre-modern’, with the irrefutable accounts of his workings in oil colors and photography.

Moreover, his mentorship of many of the junior artists later proved momentous – leading to create different new streams in the evolution of Nepali Art – later.
Intangible Aspects Attached to the Mahākāla Worship in Hindu and Buddhist Text
Authors: Rana Poonam R.L.
Published: September 2021

Mahākāla is the God of Time, Maya, Creation, Destruction and Power. He is a form of a Brahman Mahākāla that is affiliated with Lord Shiva. His abode is the cremation grounds. He has four arms and three eyes, and is often depicted to be sitting on five corpses. In his arms he wields a trident, drum, sword and hammer. He rubs ashes, from the cremation ground, on himself. He is surrounded by vultures and jackals. His consort is Kāli. Mahākāla and Kāli are the personification of time and destruction.
Memoir of light and dust
Authors: Bajracharya Saroj
Published: September 2021

This write up aims to understand the relationship between the ancient and the modern art in relation to the foundation of the unbound state of mind that has been flowing from primitive time in Nepal. State of mind is generally defined as the mental state or mood of a person at a particular time. But in this context, time is an extended and stretched playground for artists where they have sometimes connected and at times disconnected from their primitive native continuity of individual aesthetics and collective social beliefs. And this connection and disconnection from what appears as the ancient state of mind is rather the elementary characteristics of our society that has merged with western propagated modernity in terms of arts as well as science; we have local modern art façade which got fueled around the mid 19th century in Nepal and combusted in the mid 20th century here. When one enters into this creative façade, one can still feel the unbound state of mind that emanates mystic, relaxed and harmonious qualities in some of the artworks by local artists. When these qualities unify with popular styles of expressions in Nepal, we coincide with the Nepaliness in a work of art of recent times.
हेनरी मुरको मूर्ति रचना “राजा र रानी” : एक विमर्श [Henry Moore's sculpture "King and Queen": An Exchange]
Authors: खत्री Khatri ओम Om
Published: September 2021

बिसौं शताब्दीका विश्वविख्यात मूर्तिकार हेनरी मुर (Henry Moore) को आदिमतापरक मूर्ति रचना ‘राजा र रानी’ (King and Queen) विशिष्ट शैली र अनुभूतिजन्य प्रभावका लागि प्रसिद्ध रहेको छ । यस मूर्तिमा ‘आदिमवाद’अर्थात् ‘प्रिमिटिभिज्म’ (Primitivism) को धारलाई पछ्याएको छ । मूर्तिमा चैतन्य र अबोधपनलाई कुशलतापूरबक संयोजन गरिनुलाई कलाकारको मौलिकता र वैशिष्ट्य मान्न सकिन्छ । यो मूर्ति रचनाको आदिमतापरक (archetypal) पक्षका सम्बन्धमा अनेकौ विज्ञहरूका लेख रचनाहरू प्रकाशित छन् । यस मूर्तिका अनेकौअनुकृतिहरू विश्वभरि कैयौ सङ्ग्रहालयहरूको आकर्षणका रूपमा रहेका छन् । यस कृतिका सम्बन्धमा विभिन्नथरी अनुमान एवम् चर्चा परिचर्चा भएका छन् । मुरको यो चर्चित मूर्ति रचनाका सम्बन्धमा खोतल्नु लेखको उद्देश्यरहेकोे छ ।
O moralnych następstwach nadsprawności poznawczej. Casus modafinilu
Authors: Girdwoyń Andrzej
Published: September 2021

The article aims to answer the question of whether a healthy person who takes a registered medication containing modafinil may be considered responsible for behaviours, for which he or she would not be responsible without the cognitive enhancement. For this purpose, three specific questions are analysed. First, it is analysed whether liability is connected to competence in such a way that the increase in an individual’s cognitive competence increases his or her responsibility. Second, if the answer to the previous question is affirmative, under which conditions the person who has taken medications to extend his or her responsibility may be held responsible for conduct which he or she would not have committed without the cognitive improvement. Third, can the conditions referred to in the previous sentence be satisfied in the case of a healthy person who acts under the influence of a drug containing modafinil.
O ograniczeniach teorii semiotycznej w badaniach późnego PRL-u na przykładzie Semiotyki Solidarności Pawła Rojka
Authors: Sieczka Emilia
Published: September 2021

The article analyses the limitations of the semiotic approach to the studies of late socialism in Poland through the critique of Semiotic of solidarity: an analysis of the discourses of the Polish Unites Workers' Party and the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union Solidarność in 1981 written by Paweł Rojek in 2009. This paper questions the assumption made by Rojek about the historical continuity of the Russian ancien régime and Soviet modernisation project as supposedly constituting the same system of intelligibility. There is an alternative approach of reading the discursive relationship between Eastern and Western bloc through the genealogy of discursive practices instead of the duality of two semiotic systems as described by the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. Finally, the article assesses the applicability of Rojek’s interpretation of Solidarity as belonging to the ternary system and the Party as belonging to the binary system.
Making the Language System Stutter: Linguistic Creativity beyond Representation
Authors: Siffrinn Nicole E.
Published: September 2021

En linguistique appliquée, la créativité a traditionnellement été conceptualisée comme une activité anthropocentrique où les ressources sémiotiques sont utilisées comme outil de médiation pour générer de nouvelles significations. Cet article conteste ce point de vue en explorant les forces non représentationnelles qui vitalisent la créativité pour faire bouger la langue dans un jeu théâtral joué avec des jeunes multilingues et des enseignants de langues en formation. Plus précisément il opérationnalise la notion de bégaiement de Deleuze pour cartographier les contours du mouvement linguistique dans l’activité de littératie. Cet article s’oriente aussi vers la rethéorisation de la créativité comme différence en elle-même, se séparant ainsi des recherches précédentes où la créativité est déterminée sur la base de sa relation à autre chose. Les implications comprennent le besoin d’explorer la créativité sur ses bases générales, et la créativité linguistique en particulier au sein d’un agencement mobile d’agentivités, de corps et de forces humaines et non-humaines.
Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in surgery of nephrolithiasis
Authors: Sahalevych Аndriy , Sergiychuk Roman , Ozhohin Vladislav , Vozianov Olexandr , Khrapchuk Andriy , Dubovyi Yaroslav , Frolov Olexandr
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPNL) in comparison with standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPNL) for the treatment of complex nephrolithiasis.

Methods. During the period from 2012 to 2020, 1021 patients with solitary (10.0-30.0 mm), staghorn and multiple renal calculi were retrospectively divided into two groups: sPNL (500 patients) and mPNL (521 patients). The groups were compared by the stone-free rate (%, SFR), the duration of the surgery, complications and hospital stay.

Results. SPNL and mPNL were highly effective procedures for the treatment of nephrolithiasis. The mPNL group had longer operative times (81.0±15.5 vs 69.1±13.9 min, p<0.001) and higher frequency tubeless/totally tubeless procedures (41.1 vs 6.8%, p<0.001). mPNL showed a higher SFR (96.4 vs 91.8%, р=0.002 in patients with complete staghorn (90.1 vs 77.3%, p<0.05) and multiple kidney stones (89.5 vs 70.8%, p=0.03). Postoperative decrease in hemoglobin was lower in mPNL group 1.1±0.34 vs 2.1±0.26 g/dl (p<0.001). The incidence rate of urinary tract infections and postoperative hospital stay was lower in the mPNL group: 7.3 vs 13.2%, p=0.03 and 1.9±0.6 vs 4.3±2.4 days, р<0.001.

Conclusions. MPNL is a safe and effective treatment for patients with complex renal stones with an improved stone-free rate and lower complication rate and shorter hospital stay. Smaller diameter tract in mPNL procedures was associated with a longer duration of surgery.
Examination of the Estimation Skills of 6th Grade Students and the Process of Comparison of their Estimations with Real Measurement Values
Authors: AYDOĞDU İmren , ÇİMEN Emre
Published: September 2021

The aim of this research was to examine the measurement-based estimation skill levels of middle school 6th grade students and the processes of comparing their estimations with measurements. In this research, the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Six students one female and one male student, at low, medium and high mathematics achievement levels from a public middle school in the central districts of Ankara formed the study group. Activities were prepared, which included questions in different categories, both for estimating the length, area and liquid volume of the measurement, and for the proximity of objects to the student. In order to determine the study group, activities were applied to 35 students, and their measurement-based estimation skill levels were examined. While determining the levels, a method called “Evaluation of estimates by percentage of measurements” was used. Before conducting clinical interviews with the study group, the activities were applied to the students, the students were first allowed to make predictions, they were expected to compare their estimations with the possible real measurement without measuring, and then, in some questions, the students were asked to make measurements using tools and compare their estimations with the measurements. As a result, it was observed that the students' estimation skills based on measurement were at a low level. When they were asked to evaluate their estimations without measuring, it was concluded that the students were not successful and they had problems both in the use of measurement tools and in the measurement process while measuring.
Igromodelirovanie v sisteme podgotovki obuchaiushchikhsia 4 kursa KGUFKSiT po distsipline "Pedagogika fizicheskoi kul'tury"
Authors: Ambartsumian Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2021

The modern period in the development of modern higher education is characterized by the wide introduction of various types of practice into the process of training teachers, and the reorientation of the entire learning process to the specific activity of a specialist [2]. The purpose of the study was to develop and scientifically substantiate a model based on the formation of professional knowledge and skills among students of KSUFKST in the discipline “Pedagogy of physical culture”. According to the results of the conducted psychological and pedagogical experiment, it can be argued that the effectiveness of training can be increased by introducing new content of programs in the disciplines into the educational process, and in particular the discipline “Pedagogy of Physical Culture”.
A systematic approach to the theory of giftedness
Authors: Voloskov Igor Vladimirovich , Vallis Ingeborga
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of identifying and developing gifted children. The authors identify three main approaches to explaining the nature and structure of giftedness, consider three higher levels of development from the standpoint of classical modern psychology, as well as other aspects necessary in the study of the theory of giftedness.
Metodika formirovaniia inoiazychnoi mezhkul'turnoi professional'noi kompetentsii u obuchaiushchikhsia neiazykovogo vuza po napravleniiu "Reklama i sviazi s obshchestvennost'iu"
Authors: Liakhova Elena Georgievna
Published: September 2021

Teaching a foreign language of a specialty in the bachelor's system is becoming more and more practice-oriented. The purpose of the study is to develop and scientifically substantiate a methodology for teaching a foreign language with elements of professionalization on the basis of identifying and comparing the national Russian culture code of goods and services and the national code of goods and services of the foreign language culture of the country of the foreign language being studied. The results of the conducted pedagogical experiment allow us to conclude that it is possible to increase the effectiveness of teaching students in the sphere of advertising and public relations by including the presented methodology in the curriculum for the discipline «Professional communication in English», as well as, when teaching other languages in the systems of bachelor's and master's degrees.
The use of electrolysis processes in reagent-free water treatment: removal of hydrogen sulfur, organic iron, synthetic surface-active substances
Authors:   POLESSKY STATE UNIVERSITY, Shtepa V. , Zaiets N. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Alekseevskiy D. ,   Zaporizhzhia National University
Published: September 2021

The use of electrotechnical equipment refers to reagent-free methods and makes it possible to simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The article substantiates the approaches and structural diagrams of a reagent-free water purification unit based on the use of electrolysis processes. During the research, the processes of oxidation of pollutants were analyzed when a block of electrochemical action on aqueous solutions was used during processing. A diaphragm cell with an inactive membrane volume of 3.5 liters was used to implement the appropriate reagent-free method for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions. The solution of scientific and practical problems is shown: removal of hydrogen sulfide from water from a well before feeding it to the technological lines of a dairy plant; purification of waste water from an enterprise for the production of gelatinous products from organic iron and related pollutants; reduction of waste water pollutants of a cosmetology enterprise, with a focus on destructive effects on synthetic surfactants. Based on the analysis of the results and treatment modes of three aqueous solutions, the structure of the block of reagent-free electrolysis treatment of aqueous solutions is substantiated. As a result of experimental studies, the prospects of electrical equipment have been confirmed. The reagent-free method will simplify the automation schemes for facilities for removing pollutants from aqueous solutions - accordingly, increase the reliability of such computer-integrated solutions. Further research should be directed to the substantiation, creation and parameterization of mathematical models of combined electrotechnological water treatment complexes. Key words: environmental safety, electrotechnological complex, waste water, reagent-free method, electrolysis processes
Investigation of adequacy of mathematical model of the „crane-load” system with frequency-controlled drive
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Romasevych Yu. , Loveikin V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Krushelnitsky V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Makarets V. ,   The National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

In this work, experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the model of the „crane-load” system movement. For research, a laboratory installation (trolley with a load on a flexible suspension), a frequency converter, and encoders were used to measure the position of the trolley and the angle of deviation of the rope with the load from the vertical. Six experiments were performed by varying the duration of the increase and decrease of the frequency of the supply voltage of the trolley drive from 0.5 to 3 s. The increase and decrease of frequency voltage occurred according to a linear law. The data obtained during the experiments were compared with those that correspond to the mathematical model of the „crane-load” system. The mathematical model uses the Kloss equation, and also takes into account the change of frequency of the supply voltage of the drive from the condition of ensuring the overload capacity of the drive. Estimation of deviation of experimental data with results of numerical integration of mathematical model of the movement of the „crane-load” system was carried out based on the coefficient of variation (quantitative analysis) and graphic dependences (qualitative analysis). The obtained results showed the adequacy of the mathematical model of the motion of the „crane-load” system in the form of a system of nonlinear differential equations. Key words: mathematical model, dynamic system, frequency-controlled drive
Study of the dependence of efficiency on the load of a drilling machine
Authors:   Separated Subdivision of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ramsh V.
Published: September 2021

The question of research of dependence of efficiency on loading of the drilling machine is considered. To achieve this goal in the work were set and solved the following tasks: - to analyze the design and technological features of the drilling machine part; - to develop a new design of a drilling machine with a network analyzer; - to investigate the new design of a drilling machine with a network analyzer. About 80 % of drilling machines at Ukrainian enterprises are operated in excess of the established shelf life, which leads to their low quality of operation, high accident rate and failure of electromechanical equipment. The average shelf life of the electric drive in the industry does not exceed 6 years. Up to 10–18 % of electric motors and up to 30 % of auxiliary equipment fail and are repaired annually. The vast majority of engines can be repaired 4-5 times and after repair often do not work even for one year. The operation of drilling machines with an induction motor (short-circuited rotor), which are in poor technical condition, leads to an increase in financial costs due to increased power consumption. The cost of electricity consumed by the electric drive of drilling machines during the service life is significantly higher than the cost of equipment and maintenance costs and more than 4 times higher than its own. The electricity bill includes a system of surcharges for additional reactive power consumption. Reactive power charges at enterprises account for up to 10% of total electricity costs, and these costs tend to increase. Today, there is a need to apply the latest technical solutions and scientific approaches to solving the problem of improving the quality of operation of asynchronous electric drives of drilling machines. A research stand has been developed to determine the asynchronous motor of a drilling machine, which allows to identify the dependence of efficiency on the magnitude of the load, calculate the parameters of the substitution scheme and energy characteristics for the nominal mode of operation of the electric drive. Key words: drilling machine, network analyzer, research stand
Editorial
Authors: Ponsavady Stéphanie
Published: September 2021

True to our original mission, this new issue of Transfers brings together a plurality of disciplines, from history to anthropology and literary criticism. It showcases reactions to the current pandemic as well as far-reaching reflections on the meanings of mobility. Bracketing our issue, two articles engage with the history of mobility. Drawing our attention to the extent of the automobility system, in “The Freeway Journey: Landscape and Mobility in the Southern Auto Industry,” John E. Mohr questions the economic and social costs of developing the I-85 highway corridor through the American South. Hugo Silveira Pereira interrogates “The Past, Present, and Future of Peripheral Mobilities in Portugal” through a history of the Portuguese narrow-gauge railway system that spans over a century.
Forced Immobility
Authors: Baldacchino Godfrey
Published: September 2021

Over April and May 2020, some 425 undocumented male migrants, mainly of Sub-Saharan origin, making the perilous crossing by boat from Libya toward Europe across the central Mediterranean, were saved and taken aboard by Maltese search and rescue vessels. However, instead of being immediately ported and disembarked, they were transferred to four “pleasure boats” and left bobbing on the high seas, some for forty days, while the Maltese government sought out other European countries who might be willing to take in some of them. This article uses this episode to foreground the manner in which boats and ships are serving as floating islands, also in international waters, producing a modern form of forced immobility and arrest.
Multilocality and the Politics of Space in Protracted Exile
Authors: Woroniecka-Krzyzanowska Dorota
Published: September 2021

This article employs the concept of multilocality to analyze the politics of space under the condition of protracted encampment. Rather than adopting a common synchronic approach to how refugees relate to space, the theoretical lens of multilocality grasps the diachronic dimension of protracted camps understood as places that encompass multiple attachments across time and space: the remembered and imagined places of origin, sites of residence in exile, and future geographies of hope or anticipation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in al-Am’ari, a Palestinian refugee camp in the West Bank, I analyze multilocality as a political practice whereby local residents and organizations nurture the refugee identity of their communities, resist the permanence of protracted exile, and manifest the necessity for political change.
Sinking skin flap syndrome in a patient with bone resorption after cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: illustrative case
Authors: Rohringer Camryn R. , Rohringer Taryn J. , Jhas Sumit , Shahideh Mehdi
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Sinking skin flap syndrome (SSFS) is an uncommon complication that can follow decompressive craniectomy. Even less common is the development of SSFS following bone resorption after cranioplasty with exacerbation by a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.

OBSERVATIONS

A 56-year-old male sustained a severe traumatic brain injury and subsequently underwent an emergent decompressive craniectomy. After craniectomy, a cranioplasty was performed, and a VP shunt was placed. The patient returned to the emergency department 5 years later with left-sided hemiplegia and seizures. His clinical presentation was attributed to complete bone flap resorption (BFR) complicated by SSFS likely exacerbated by his VP shunt and the resultant mass effect on the underlying brain parenchyma. The patient underwent surgical intervention via synthetic bone flap replacement. Within 6 days, he recovered to his baseline neurological status.

LESSONS

SSFS after complete BFR is a rare complication following cranioplasty. To the authors’ knowledge, having a VP shunt in situ to exacerbate the clinical picture has yet to be reported in the literature. In addition to presenting the case, the authors also describe an effective treatment strategy of decompressing the brain and elevating the scalp flap while addressing the redundant tissue, then using a synthetic mesh to reconstruct the calvarial defect while keeping the shunt in situ.
Multifocal metastases to choroid plexus from papillary thyroid carcinoma: illustrative case
Authors: Beach Isidora R. , Olszewski Adam M. , Thomas Alissa A. , DeWitt John C. , Liebelt Brandon D.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Choroid plexus metastases are extremely rare from all types of malignancy, with only 42 cases reported in the literature thus far. Most of these originate from renal cell carcinoma and present as a solitary choroid plexus lesion; only two cases of multifocal choroid plexus metastases have been reported to date.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report the third case of multifocal metastases to the choroid plexus, that of a 75-year-old man who developed three measurable choroid plexus lesions approximately 3.5 years after undergoing total thyroidectomy and chemotherapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. He underwent intraventricular biopsy of the largest lesion and subsequently died of hydrocephalus after opting for comfort care only.

LESSONS

This is the third case of multifocal choroid plexus metastasis in the literature and the second case of multifocal metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. As such, the natural disease course is not well characterized. This case is compared with the previous eight reports of choroid plexus metastases from thyroid carcinoma, seven of which involved solitary lesions. The eight prior cases are evaluated with attention to treatment modalities used and factors potentially influencing prognosis, specifically those that might contribute to hydrocephalus, a reported complication for this pathology.
ရုံးသုံးဘာသာစကား ရွေးချယ်သတ်မှတ်ခြင်း
Authors: Choudry Sujit , Houlihan Erin
Published: September 2021

မျက်မှောက်ခေတ် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေများ၌ ထုံးစံအားဖြင့် ဘာသာစကားအတွက် ပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်အမျိုးမျိုး ထည့်သွင်းထားပါသည်။ ၎င်းတို့သည် ရုံးသုံးဘာသာစကား တစ်မျိုးထက်ပိုသော ဘာသာစကားများကို မတူညီသော ဥပဒေအဆင့်များထားကာ ရွေးချယ်သတ်မှတ်ထားနိုင်သည်။ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေများသည် များသောအားဖြင့် လူနည်းစုဘာသာစကားများအတွက် ဘာသာစကားဆိုင်ရာ အခွင့်အရေးများကိုလည်း ဖန်တီးပေးနိုင်ကာ လူအုပ်စုများနှင့် လူပုဂ္ဂိုလ်တစ်ဦးချင်းစီကို ၎င်းတို့၏ မူလဘာသာစကားဖြင့် ဆက်သွယ်ပိုင်ခွင့်၊ ထိုဘာသာစကားဖြင့် အစိုးရထံမှ ဝန်ဆောင်မှုရပိုင်ခွင့်တို့ ပေးပါသည်။ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေများသည် ဥပဒေပြဋ္ဌာန်းရေးနှင့် တရားစီရင်ရေးတို့တွင် အသုံးပြုရမည့် ဘာသာစကားကိုလည်း ရွေးချယ်သတ်မှတ်နိုင်ပါသည်။ အဆင့်စုံ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးစနစ်များ၌ ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေများသည် အစိုးရအဖွဲ့အသီးသီးအတွက် ရုံးသုံးဘာသာစကား(များ) ရွေးချယ်အသုံးပြုနိုင်သည့်အာဏာ အပ်နှင်းနိုင်ပါသည်။ ဤစာတမ်းသည် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေဒီဇိုင်းရှိ ဘာသာစကားအခန်းကဏ္ဍ၊ ထည့်သွင်းစဉ်းစားစရာ အဓိကအချက်များ၊ ဘာသာစကားစုံနိုင်ငံများ၌ ပေါ်ပေါက်လာနိုင်သော ဂယက်ရိုက်ခတ်မှုများနှင့် စိန်ခေါ်မှုများတို့ကို ဖြေရှင်းပေးပါသည်။ ဘာသာစကားနှင့်ဆိုင်သော အဆိုအမျိုးမျိုးကို ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေဆိုင်ရာ အရေးကိစ္စအဖြစ် ဆွေးနွေးထားသည့်အပြင် ထိုအဆိုများကို အောင်မြင်စွာ ကိုင်တွယ်ဖြေရှင်းနိုင်ပါက (သို့) မဖြေရှင်းနိုင်ပါက ပေါ်ပေါက်လာနိုင်သည့် အကျိုးဆက်များအကြောင်းကိုလည်း ဆွေးနွေးထားပါသည်။
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF AIR PURIFICATION FROM GRAIN DUST BY MEANS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, MARCHENKO MAKSYM , KHARZHEVSKYI VIACHESLAV ,   Khmelnitskyi National University, KOROTYCH OLHA ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, HERASYMENKO VLADYSLAV ,   Sumy National Agrarian University
Published: September 2021

The article is dedicated to the development of generalized methods of calculation, modeling and optimization of the cyclones’ parameters that are used to clean the air from the grain dust. The basis of the developed methods is the usage of computational hydraulic gas dynamics, in particular the SOLIDWORKS software package and the integrated CFD-package SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation, as well as the principles of theory of similarity and dimensions. The deposition efficiency coefficient was chosen as the optimization criterion that can be calculated as the ratio of the mass of deposited particles to the total mass of grain dust particles entering the working volume of the cyclone. By means of SOLIDWORKS, a parametrized solid model of cyclone with the necessary elements of adaptation for further study of gas-dynamic processes was created. The dependence of the deposition efficiency on various parameters that can be optimized, in particular, on the pressure at the inlet and outlet nozzles of the cyclone was studied; volumetric flow rate of air to be purified; design dimensions of the working chamber of the cyclone etc. The usage of the simulation methods allowed to obtain an extended database of optimization parameters and values of the objective function that correspond to them. The generalization of the obtained data set in the form of dimensionless criteria was enabled by the analysis of the dimensions of the quantities that affect the deposition efficiency. Using the basics of similarity theory, the type of functional dependence between similarity criteria was established. The constant parameters of the mentioned power function are determined using a two-dimensional approximation using a software package for mathematical calculations – Mathcad 15. The obtained mathematical model allows to select the optimal operating modes (volumetric air flow, inlet and outlet pressures of cyclone etc.) depending on the design and the size of the cyclone that allows to maximize the efficiency of grain dust deposition.
RESEARCH OF PROPERTIES, STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR FILLING-RETANNING OF LEATHER
Authors: ANDREYEVA OLGA , PERVAIA NATALIIA , LOSHKAREVA INNA , CHUMAKOVA NATALIA ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of research of two new industrial polymer materials in the form of the Syntan RS3L product and the Syntan F187 product. It has been experimentally established that these materials differ in appearance, structure, and physicochemical properties. So, the first product is a solution of polyacrylates and is well compatible with water, while the second product is a synthetic composition of melamine-formaldehyde resins and inorganic compounds based on aluminium, iron, potassium, sulfur, silicon in the form of a powder, which is partially soluble in water. Using the method of infrared spectroscopy, the features of the structure of polymeric materials are determined – the presence of various groups and bonds, which indicates the polyfunctional nature of both reagents. It was found that after treatment of a chrome tanned collagen preparation with Syntan LF187, the optical density in the IR spectrum of collagen changes to the greatest extent at a frequency of 876-873 cm-1, which corresponds to stretching vibrations of O-O groups of peroxides in the protein structure. When exposed to the Syntan RS3 product, significant changes are observed in the frequency range 1240-1235 cm-1, which corresponds to the stretching and deformation vibrations of the nitrogen-containing Amide II groups, amines and OH groups of alcohols. When studying the technological capabilities of polymeric materials as reagents for filling and retanning chrome tanned leather for shoe uppers from cattle raw materials, it was found that, according to the organoleptic assessment and the indicator of the generalized objective function, the best were leather samples processed with 2.0 % of the Syntan RS3 product. The results obtained can be explained by the peculiarities of the distribution and interaction of materials in the structure of the dermis, the essence of which is the formation of strong and at the same time flexible bonds, which has a positive effect on the formation of the structure and quality indicators of leather. To confirm the obtained data, it is planned to conduct semi-production tests. It is expected that the quality of the finished product will improve, and the existing vegetable and synthetic tanning agents will be replaced with a modern, more efficient and environmentally friendly polymer material.
BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM CONSENSUS ALGORITHMS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, KUCHKOVSKY V.
Published: September 2021

This article describes the main consensus algorithms, their positive and negative aspects. Consensus in the general sense means a way to come to an agreement. In the blockchain, which is a decentralized system that does not have a single governing body, various algorithms have been developed to achieve consensus. In a blockchain network, it does not matter whether the system participants trust each other or not. They must agree on certain principles of work that will apply to everyone. And this is a direct function of the consensus mechanism. Algorithms are described and an example of solving this problem is given, namely the problem of choosing a consensus for future systems. An example of using multiple consensuses in blockchain networks is given. Such consensuses as Proof of Work (PoW), proof of Capacity (PoC), proof of Authority (PoA), proof of activity (PoAA), proof of Importance (PoI), proof of Burn (PoB), proof of Stake (PoS) are described, as well as its subspecies: Leased Proof-of-Stake (LPoS), Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS). Many different nuances about the mixed type of consensus are described and examples of such cryptocurrencies and systems are given. The subtleties of mining for each consensus are described. Examples of hash functions, masternodes, nodes, algorithms, as well as key features of certain cryptocurrencies with mixed consensus are given. It is concluded that the choice of consensus for building systems based on blockchain.
BACKGROUND MONITORING THE QUALITY OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER KHOROL DISTRICT OF POLTAVA REGION
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», NOVOKHATNIY VALERIY , GANOSHENKO OLENA ,   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic»
Published: September 2021

Today’s environmental problems are global trends in changes in the composition and quality of the atmosphere, water bodies, soils and other natural resources due to their anthropogenic pollution. The movement of pollutants over long distances by water and air through the territory of Ukraine, and the entry of these substances into the territories of other countries, leads to the fact that these problems are becoming not only regional but also global. In view of this, a system of constant observations is needed to detect changes in the state of the environment under the influence of human activity. Such observations are the basis for the implementation of the management process, the development of scientific methods and the development of specific engineering solutions for environmental protection. From statistical data it is known that the average life expectancy of rural residents in Ukraine is less than the life expectancy of urban residents. One of the reasons for this may be the deterioration of environmental conditions in the village, namely – pollution of water sources, air and soil due to intensive agriculture. Villagers are characterized by the use of groundwater for local water supply by means of mine wells. This groundwater’s are not protected by water from pollution from the earth’s surface. Given the above, monitoring the quality of groundwater, the so-called “top water”, as well as surface water, is and will remain relevant and necessary for periodic conduct. The paper presents the results of research to assess the level of pollution of groundwater and surface water by waste from an agricultural enterprise, namely the livestock complex “Peremoha” Khorol district of Poltava region. An algorithm for monitoring the quality of surface and underground sources in the villages of Verguny and Klepachi in the Khorol district has been developed; chemical and biochemical analyzes of water in terms of time and places of water sampling were carried out; recommendations for the use of groundwater and surface water of these villages have been developed.
Qualifizierungsansätze im Segment haushaltsnaher Dienstleistungen im Spannungsfeld von Beruflichkeit und Employability
Authors: Brutzer Alexandra
Published: September 2021

Der Personalbedarf im Segment haushaltsnaher Dienstleistungen ist hoch, kann aber gegenwärtig nicht ausreichend gedeckt werden. Qualifizierungsangebote sind zwar facettenreich vorhanden, jedoch fehlt es an verbindlichen Qualitätsstandards. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie dem zuvor skizzierten Bedarf entsprochen werden kann, ohne bewährte Qualitätsstandards beruflicher Bildung zu unterlaufen.
Nominal tonology and spreading rules in Tagbana (Fròʔò dialect)
Authors: Rialland Annie , Traore Yranahan , Féry Caroline
Published: September 2021

In this article, nominal tonology of Tagbana, a Senufo language of Côte d’Ivoire is investigated. The contribution of this article is twofold as it concerns the whole tonal system, including lexical tones, sandhi tone rules, and the organisation of the prosodic hierarchy. It is shown that Tagbana has three level tones (L, M, H) and two floating tones (H) and (L). A mid tone (M) at the end of a noun is always followed by a floating tone (either H or L), which might be a historic trace left by the tone of a Class Marker. Two clusters of sandhi tonal rules are shown to play a role, called ‘Mid Replacement rules’ (RepM) and ‘Spreading rules on H & L’ (SprH&L). The domains of the sandhi tonal rules are studied in some detail, from the Minimal Prosodic Word (root + class marker), the Intermediate and Maximal Prosodic Words (nominal and adjectival compounds), the Prosodic Phrases (particularly in object + verb constructions), to the Intonational Phrase. Considering the prosodic levels above the Minimal Prosodic Word, more tonal sandhi processes are found to apply in smaller prosodic domains than in larger ones.