bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncover the Unusual Near‐Infrared Luminescence in Stannates – Interplay of Cr3 + with Codopants
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Lin Litian , Ji Chang , Duan Chang‐Kui
Published: July 2024

The unintentional incorporation of various unknown trace amounts of impurities poses challenges and controversies in identifying luminescent mechanisms of certain systems. A common approach to confirm or exclude the involvement of a certain activation center is to monitor the changes in luminescence by intentionally doping the inferred species into the crystal. Here, an intriguing luminescent phenomenon resulting from the hidden interplay between the dopants and trace impurities, is presented. In alkaline‐earth stannate perovskites, near‐infrared luminescence is observed. By combining density‐functional calculations with the well‐designed doping and codoping experimental strategies, the mechanisms behind this anomaly is successfully uncovered. It originates from the stabilization of Cr3 + by codopants such as Bi and rare‐earth (RE) ions, acting as electron donors. The luminescence is almost unobservable when chromium is doped alone, and thus the traditional identification method does't work. This work emphasizes the important role of trace impurity in materials, especially the subtle change of valence state of trace impurity upon doping, which provides enlightening insights and prompts reassessments of numerous reported anomalous luminescent phenomena.
Intron Retention of DDX39A Driven by SNRPD2 is a Crucial Splicing Axis for Oncogenic MYC/Spliceosome Program in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Cunjie , Li Lina , Su Ling , Yang Fan , Zha Quanxiu , Sun Mengqing , Tao Lin , Wang Menglan , Song Kangli , Jiang Liangyu , Gao Haojin , Liang Yexin , Xu Chao , Yong Caiyu , Wang Minmin , Huang Jiacheng , Liu Jing , Jin Weiwei , Lv Wenyuan , Dong Heng , Li Qian , Bu Fangtian , Yan Shuanghong , Qi Haoxiang , Zhao Shujuan , Zhu Yingshuang , Wang Yu , Shi Junping , Qiao Yiting , Xu Jian , Chabot Benoit , Chen Jianxiang
Published: July 2024

RNA splicing is a dynamic molecular process in response to environmental stimuli and is strictly regulated by the spliceosome. Sm proteins, constituents of the spliceosome, are key components that mediate splicing reactions; however, their potential role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. In the study, SNRPD2 (PD2) is found to be the most highly upregulated Sm protein in HCC and to act as an oncogene. PD2 modulates DDX39A intron retention together with HNRNPL to sustain the DDX39A short variant (39A_S) expression. Mechanistically, 39A_S can mediate MYC mRNA nuclear export to maintain high MYC protein expression, while MYC in turn potentiates PD2 transcription. Importantly, digitoxin can directly interact with PD2 and has a notable cancer‐suppressive effect on HCC. The study reveals a novel mechanism by which DDX39A senses oncogenic MYC signaling and undergoes splicing via PD2 to form a positive feedback loop in HCC, which can be targeted by digitoxin.
3D‐Printed Hierarchically Microgrid Frameworks of Sodiophilic Co3O4@C/rGO Nanosheets for Ultralong Cyclic Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Bai Wanlong , Wang Hui , Min Dong Hyun , Miao Jingzhong , Li Beiming , Xu Tingting , Kong Dezhi , Li Xinjian , Yu Xu , Wang Ye , Park Ho Seok
Published: July 2024

Herein, hierarchically structured microgrid frameworks of Co3O4 and carbon composite deposited on reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4@C/rGO) are demonstrated through the three‐dimensioinal (3D) printing method, where the porous structure is controllable and the height and width are scalable, for dendrite‐free Na metal deposition. The sodiophilicity, facile Na metal deposition kinetics, and NaF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation of cubic Co3O4 phase are confirmed by combined spectroscopic and computational analyses. Moreover, the uniform and reversible Na plating/stripping process on 3D‐printed Co3O4@C/rGO host is monitored in real time using in situ transmission electron and optical microscopies. In symmetric cells, the 3D printed Co3O4@C/rGO electrode achieves a long‐term stability over 3950 at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2 with a superior Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.87% as well as 120 h even at 20 mA cm−2 and 20 mAh cm−2, far exceeding the previously reported carbon‐based hosts for Na metal anodes. Consequently, the full cells of 3D‐printed Na@Co3O4@C/rGO anode with 3D‐printed Na3V2(PO4)3@C‐rGO cathode (≈15.7 mg cm−2) deliver the high specific capacity of 97.97 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a high CE of 99.89% at 0.5 C, demonstrating the real operation of flexible Na metal batteries.
Conjugate Polymer Anchor Enhancing Matrix Vacuum Stability and Improving MALDI MSI via Ion Bond
Authors: Yu Xi , Chen Junyu , Li Zhengzhou , Shen Duo , Liu Huihui , Nie Zongxiu
Published: July 2024

Poor vacuum stability limits the application of many matrices in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) that requires long‐term measurement duration in high vacuum. In this study, a new approach using conjugate polymer anchor to protect unstable matrix from volatilizing in MALDI source based on ion bond is provided. Unlike strong covalent bonds which often introduce unnecessary groups, the weaker ion bonds are more conducive to breaking under laser radiation while effectively preventing matrix volatilization in a vacuum environment. The results confirm that conjugate polymer anchor will neither introduce additional ion peaks nor affect signal intensity, yet maintains comparable quantification properties. Vacuum stability of three kinds of typical matrices is enhanced using polymer anchors, and the in situ MALDI MS imaging of mouse brain and liver cancer is improved significantly.
Enlightenment of Deionized‐Water Bathing IGZO TFTs
Authors: Qian Yujia , Gu Xishuang , Li Ting , Hu Peixuan , Liu Xiaohan , Ren Junyan , Liang Lingyan , Cao Hongtao
Published: July 2024

At present, amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductor has become the most commonly used semiconductor material and is widely used in flat panel displays and various sensors, but its performance is greatly affected by environmental factors, especially water. This study investigates the instability of IGZO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) soaked in deionized water. After 24 h bathing, the field‐effect mobility and threshold voltage change a little, but the subthreshold swing, positive bias stress and negative bias stress stability undergo clear degradation. Through comprehensive examination of the changes in the chemical composition, surface morphology and thickness of the IGZO films, it's found that IGZO experiences selective etching by deionized water, and consequently the film surface becomes rough and rich of In and oxygen vacancies, which can explain the variations on device performance well. In addition to the bathing experiment performed on In2O3, Ga2O3, and ZnO TFTs, a schematic image of the reaction between water and IGZO is depicted, showing the preferential loss of Ga and Zn located next to the oxygen vacancy.
Care partner‐informed meaningful change thresholds for the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes for trials of early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lansdall Claire J. , Teng Edmond , Chague Jerome , Palanganda Rohan , Delmar Paul , Smith Janice , Cummings Jeffrey L. , McDougall Fiona
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Consensus definitions of meaningful within‐patient change (MWPC) on the Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) are needed. Existing estimates use clinician‐rated anchors in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) populations. Incorporating the care partner perspective offers important insights, and evaluating biomarker‐confirmed cohorts aligns estimates with ongoing trials.

METHODS

Anchor‐based analyses were conducted to evaluate MWPC on the CDR‐SB in early AD (Tauriel; NCT03289143) using Caregiver Global Impression of Change in memory or daily activities.

RESULTS

Across time points and anchors, mean CDR‐SB changes associated with the “somewhat worse” category ranged from 1.50 to 2.12 in early AD, 1.07 to 2.06 in mild cognitive impairment‐AD, and 1.79 to 2.25 in mild AD.

DISCUSSION

The proposed ranges are appropriate to define meaningful progression on the CDR‐SB in similar cohorts and support the interpretation of treatment benefit through MWPC analyses. Thresholds should be calibrated to the context of use; lower/higher thresholds may be applicable in studies of earlier/later disease over shorter/longer durations.

Highlights

Within‐patient CDR‐SB change thresholds are provided using caregiver‐rated anchors.

1.5 to 2.5 points may be an appropriate range in early AD trials of similar durations.

Cumulative distribution function plots illustrate the benefit of a given treatment.

When selecting thresholds, the target population and study design should be considered.
Sustained frailty remission and dementia risk in older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Shuomin , Li Qianyuan , Wang Shanshan , Huang Chongmei , Xue Qian‐Li , Szanton Sarah L. , Liu Minhui
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Physical frailty is reversible, but little is known about the sustainability of frailty remission and its impact on dementia.

METHODS

Data were derived from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) (2011 to 2021). Physical frailty was assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype, and frailty transition patterns across three waves were defined. The relationship of sustained frailty remission with incident dementia was examined using Cox proportional regression, stratified by age and gender.

RESULTS

Among 1931 participants, 348 (18.0%) were capable of sustained frailty remission. During the 8‐year follow‐up, 279 participants developed dementia. In a fully adjusted model, sustained remission was associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.47 to 0.93). The association was more pronounced among younger‐old and male participants but not observed among their counterparts.

DISCUSSION

Sustained frailty remission was associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia. Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of dementia and a target for interventions.

Highlights

We provided new insights into the natural progression of frailty and its impact on dementia risk using a nationally representative sample

Sustained frailty remission reduced risk of incident dementia.

Age and gender played a role in the frailty‐dementia link, and thus individualized dementia risk screening is necessary.

Physical frailty could be an essential forewarning of cognitive decline and an ideal target for interventions to prevent dementia.
Magnetically Actuated Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xiao Jiaxiang , Dong Qian , Xu Yiting , Li Changwen , Zeng Jiayu , Xia Xin , Meng Xiangxian , Chen Zhuo
Published: July 2024

Magnetic nanomaterials, distinguished by their unique magnetic phenomena, particularly their magnetically actuated capabilities, have found widespread application in the field of nanomedicine. Compared with alternative driving mechanisms, magnetic actuation as a remote, highly permeable, and precisely controllable driving strategy endows nanomaterials with temporal and spatia mobility, making it possible to initiate and cease multiple forms of movement in vivo at will. When coupled with cutting‐edge diagnostic and treating techniques including but not limited to magnetic resonance imaging, magnetothermal therapy, and magnetoelectric stimulation, magnetically actuated nanomaterials offer the potential for visual analysis, provision of reliable molecular information, and effective disease or tissue damage intervention. This review comprehensively outlines the synthesis methodologies, functional strategies, and biomedical applications of magnetically actuated nanomaterials within nanomedicine. Additionally, the future developments and applications of biocompatible magnetically actuated nanomaterials, especially in response to time‐varying magnetic fields, are anticipated.
Postembedding Iodine Staining for Contrast‐Enhanced 3D Imaging of Bone Tissue Using Focused Ion Beam‐Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ayoubi Mahdi , Weinkamer Richard , van Tol Alexander F. , Rummler Maximilian , Roschger Paul , Brugger Peter C. , Berzlanovich Andrea , Bertinetti Luca , Roschger Andreas , Fratzl Peter
Published: July 2024

For a better understanding of living tissues and materials, it is essential to study the intricate spatial relationship between cells and their surrounding tissue on the nanoscale, with a need for 3D, high‐resolution imaging techniques. In the case of bone, focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) operated in the backscattered electron (BSE) mode proves to be a suitable method to image mineralized areas with a nominal resolution of 5 nm. However, as clinically relevant samples are often resin‐embedded, the lack of atomic number (Z) contrast makes it difficult to distinguish the embedding material from unmineralized parts of the tissue, such as osteoid, in BSE images. Staining embedded samples with iodine vapor has been shown to be effective in revealing osteoid microstructure by 2D BSE imaging. Based on this idea, an iodine (Z = 53) staining protocol is developed for 3D imaging with FIB‐SEM, investigating how the amount of iodine and exposure time influences the imaging outcome. Bone samples stained with this protocol also remain compatible with confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the lacunocanalicular network. The proposed protocol can be applied for 3D imaging of tissues exhibiting mineralized and nonmineralized regions to study physiological and pathological biomineralization.
Multiplexed Shortwave Infrared Imaging Highlights Anatomical Structures in Mice
Authors: Zhong Xingjian , Patel Amish , Sun Yidan , Saeboe Alexander M. , Dennis Allison M.
Published: July 2024

Multiplexed fluorescence in vivo imaging remains challenging due to the attenuation and scattering of visible and traditional near infrared (NIR‐I, 650–950 nm) wavelengths. Fluorescence imaging using shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–1700 nm, a.k.a. NIR‐II) light enables deeper tissue penetration due to reduced tissue scattering as well as minimal background autofluorescence. SWIR‐emitting semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with tunable emission peaks and optical stability are powerful contrast agents, yet few imaging demonstrations exclusively use SWIR emission beyond two‐color imaging schemes. In this study, we engineered three high quality lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide (PbS/CdS) core/shell QDs with distinct SWIR emission peaks ranging from 1100–1550 nm for simultaneous three‐color imaging in mice. We first use the exceptional photostability of QDs to non‐invasively track lymphatic drainage with longitudinal imaging, highlighting the detailed networks of lymphatic vessels with widefield imaging over a 2 hr period. We then perform multiplexed imaging with all three QDs to distinctly visualize the lymphatic system and spatially overlapping vasculature networks, including clearly distinguishing the liver and spleen. This work establishes optimized SWIR QDs for next generation multiplexed and longitudinal preclinical imaging, unlocking numerous opportunities for preclinical studies of disease progression, drug biodistribution, and cell trafficking dynamics in living organisms.
Delocalized Orbitals over Metal Clusters and Organic Linkers Enable Boosted Charge Transfer in Metal–Organic Framework for Overall CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Liu Hai‐Xiong , Zhou Zi‐Jian , Xie Lei , Liu Chen , Cai Lei , Wu Xin‐Ping , Liu Tian‐Fu
Published: July 2024

The conversion of CO2 to C2 through photocatalysis poses significant challenges, and one of the biggest hurdles stems from the sluggishness of the multi‐electron transfer process. Herein, taking metal–organic framework (MOF, PFC‐98) as a model photocatalyst, we report a new strategy to facilitate charge separation. This strategy involves matching the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied node and linker orbitals of the MOF, thereby creating the lowest unoccupied crystal orbital (LUCO) delocalized over both the node and linker. This feature enables the direct excitation of electrons from photosensitive linker to the catalytic centers, achieving a direct charge transfer (DCT) pathway. For comparison, an isoreticular MOF (PFC‐6) based on analogue components but with far apart frontier energy level was synthesized. The delocalized LUCO caused the presence of an internal charge‐separated (ICS) state, prolonging the excited state lifetime and further inhibiting the electron‐hole recombination. The presence of ICS state prolongs the excited state lifetime and further inhibits the electron‐hole recombination. Moreover, it also induced abundant electrons accumulating at the catalytic sites, enabling the multi‐electron transfer process. As a result, the material featuring delocalized LUCO exhibits superior overall CO2 photocatalytic performance with high C2 production yield and selectivity.
Isolation and chemical immobilization of E. coli‐specific bacteriophage with NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) MOF, a high photoluminescence rod‐shaped microcrystals for low‐level bacteria detection
Authors: Sethi Santosh , Rathod Virendra
Published: July 2024

As concern raised by the World Health Organization (WHO) of antibiotic‐resistant and bio‐defensive bacteria, a metal–organic framework (MOF) based optical biosensor came into consideration for precise, quick, and sensitive detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 10799) using bacteriophage as a bio‐recognition element. In the present study, amine‐functionalized Fe‐based MOF, i.e., NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe), was synthesized by the solvothermal method (approx. 531–1106 nm in size and 20 mV zeta potentials by DLS) and further characterized by SEM, XRD, ATR‐FTIR, UV–VIS, and photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy. The lytic bacteriophage was isolated from a sewage sample, purified, and concentrated using the ultra‐centrifugation method and achieved a high titer of 7.3 × 1012 PFU/ml. The concentration, stability, and accessible receptor binding domains (RBDs) of the biorecognition element for binding with their analytes play an important role in developing sensitive and specific biosensor systems. To fulfill the mentioned criteria, optimized glutaraldehyde concentration was estimated at 0.25%, at 30 °C for conjugating maximum bacteriophage titer of 8.6 × 105 PFU/ml for each 1 mg amine functionalized iron‐based MOF. The synthesized detection probe has shown excellent photoluminescence and antibacterial activity and achieved a detection limit of 652 CFU/ml over a bacterial detection concentration range from 5.78 × 101 to 5.78 × 106 CFU/ml for E. coli with 10–12 min of response time, high specificity, and long‐term stability even at room temperature. Therefore, it can be inferred that this MOF‐based strategy can be helpful in the specific and sensitive detection of various bacterial pathogens using bacteriophage as a bio‐recognition element.
Lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of virgin and refined hemp seed oil with ferulic acid ethyl ester
Authors: Compton David L. , Pero Bryant A. , Radloff Garris H. C. , Evangelista Roque L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Kenar James A. , Cermak Steven C. , Appell Michael , Evans Kervin O. , Wegener Evan C. , Rheay Hanah T. , Skory Christopher D.
Published: July 2024

The transesterification of ethyl ferulate (EF) and unrefined, virgin, cold pressed hemp seed oil (HOV) and refined, bleached, deodorized cold pressed hemp seed oil (HOR) using a commercial lipase, Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica B lipase immobilized on an acrylic resin), was examined in 150‐mL, shaken, batch reactions at 60°C for 2 weeks. The reactions produced feruloylated hemp seed oils, FHOV and FHOR, respectively, and the reactions were monitored to determine the difference between virgin and refined hemp seed oil on the transesterifications. The FHOV and FHOR reactions both reached EF conversion equilibrium of 58% after ca. 168 h. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbing and antioxidant capacity of the FHOV and FHOR were determined. Both FHOV and FHOR (50 μM in ethanol) were excellent UVA II absorbers, λmax 322 nm, and exhibited absorption into the UVB. The DDPH* radical (200 μM) scavenging of the FHOV and FHOR (0.25–2.5 mM) were both shown to be rapid antioxidants (50% DDPH* radical scavenged in <5 min) at 1.0 and 2.5 mM suggesting that inherent components contained in the HOV did not adversely affect enzyme activity relative to transesterification using HOR. Overall, using less expensive, unrefined, virgin hemp seed oil versus more expensive, refined hemp seed oil did not appreciably affect the enzyme kinetics of the transesterification reactions nor the UV absorbing and antioxidant efficacy of the resultant feruloylated hemp seed oils, making FHOV a less expensively produced feruloylated hemp seed oil for cosmetic and personal care applications.
Synthesis of pinolenic acid‐enriched triacylglycerol from pine nut oil via a two‐step consecutive enzyme reaction: Comparison of acyl donors
Authors: Lee Yu Jin , Park Mi Soon , Kim Byung Hee , Kim Yangha , Kim In‐Hwan
Published: July 2024

Pinolenic acid (PLA) is a plant‐origin Δ5‐unsaturated polymethylene‐interrupted fatty acid that provides several beneficial health effects to the human body. A two‐step lipase‐catalyzed reaction was carried out to synthesize PLA‐enriched triacylglycerol (TAG) with pine nut oil (PNO) in the present study. In the first step, PLA was efficiently enriched from an initial value of 15–43 mol% in ethyl ester of the reaction mixture after Lipozyme 435‐catalyzed ethanolysis with PNO. In the second step, PLA‐enriched TAG was efficiently synthesized with the fatty acid form via Lipozyme 435‐catalyzed esterification at all temperatures when both ethyl ester form and fatty acid form were compared as acyl donors. The effect of vacuum on the synthesis of PLA‐enriched TAG with glycerol and PLA‐enriched fatty acid was studied. The optimum temperature and vacuum were 60°C, and 50 mmHg, respectively. A maximum TAG conversion of approximately 95% was achieved after 12 h under the optimum conditions.
Día de Muertos: A confluence of gross anatomy, culture, and spirituality
Authors: Herriott Hannah L. , Del Rio Neftali R. , Justin Daniel P.
Published: July 2024

Is there room for spirituality and reflection in gross anatomy? While Jesuit institutions have incorporated contemplation and reflection into their curricula for centuries; the integration of reflective practices into the gross anatomy curriculum has gained traction in recent years. Additionally, more emphasis has been placed on diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging within health professions education. As a Jesuit, Catholic university that is simultaneously classified as a Hispanic‐Serving Institute (HSI), Regis University was well‐positioned to integrate reflective and celebratory activities in honor of Día de Muertos (the Day of the Dead) into a graduate level anatomy course for Doctor of Physical Therapy students. From a communal ofrenda (altar) to a celebration during a lecture to a reflective ceremony honoring body donors in the laboratory, students and faculty constructed a learning environment that incorporated spirituality and culture into anatomy in a thoughtful manner. Furthermore, by seeking student input on the design of this innovative educational experience, each of these activities aided in fostering a sense of cultural and spiritual belonging for Hispanic and Latine students who are historically marginalized in health professions, thereby promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging through a gross anatomy course.
Solar disk integration polarimeter: An automated disk‐integration full‐Stokes‐vector solar feed for the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument spectrograph
Authors: Strassmeier Klaus G. , Ilyin Ilya , Woche Manfred , Dionies Frank , Weber Michael , Järvinen Arto , Denker Carsten , Dineva Ekaterina , Verma Meetu , Granzer Thomas , Bittner Wilbert , Bauer Svend‐Marian , Paschke Jens , Önel Hakan
Published: July 2024

We introduce a new solar feed for the PEPSI nighttime spectrograph of the LBT. It enables spectroscopy of the Sun‐as‐a‐star in circular polarization (CP) and linear polarization (LP) with a spectral resolution of 250,000 (≈0.025Å or ) for the wavelength range 383–907 nm. The polarimeter is a dual‐beam design with a modified Wollaston prism as beam splitter and linear polarizer combined with a retractable super‐achromatic retarder. The Wollaston beam diameter is 14 mm and large enough that it does not require a classical telescopic feed anymore. Both polarimetric beams are re‐imaged into respective integration spheres from which two fibers feed the scrambled light to the spectrograph. The system is fully automated in the sense that it finds the Sun in the morning, closes the guider loop, observes a predefined number of individual spectra, and moves to a home position at the end of the day. Among the scientific aims is Zeeman–Doppler imaging of the Sun as a star over the next activity cycle. Our first‐light application detects a clear Stokes‐V/I profile with a full amplitude of on, for example, October 13, 2023, suggesting a solar disk‐averaged line‐of‐sight net magnetic field of +0.37±0.02 G. Comparison of this value with a contemporary full‐disk line‐of‐sight magnetogram suggests an unsigned mean field of about ≈13 G.
Empathy among autistic and non‐autistic adolescents: The importance of informant effects
Authors: Simantov Tslil , Uzefovsky Florina
Published: July 2024

Empathy is the ability to recognize the emotions of others (cognitive empathy) and to share in those emotions while maintaining a self‐other distinction (emotional empathy). Previous research often, but not always, showed that autistic adults and children have lower levels of overall and cognitive empathy than non‐autistic individuals. Yet how empathy manifests during adolescence, a developmental period marked by physiological, social, and cognitive change, is largely unclear. As well, we aimed to compare self versus parents' perceptions regarding adolescents' empathy. To do so, parents (N = 157) of 10–16‐year‐olds (N = 59 autistic) and their children (N = 133) completed empathy questionnaires. Adolescents also completed a measure of mental state recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; RMET) and parents reported on their child's autistic traits. The tasks were completed twice ~six months apart. We found that autistic adolescents reported having lower empathic concern and higher personal distress than their non‐autistic peers, whereas parents of autistic adolescents perceived them as having overall lower levels of empathy. Performance on the mental state recognition task of autistic and non‐autistic adolescents' was comparable. The gap between self and parent reports regarding adolescents' empathy was explainable by parent‐reported autistic traits, mainly communication difficulties. Empathy remains stable across the study's two time points. Thus, the findings do not support previous views of autistic people as having less empathy and these are possibly explainable by informant effects.
Evaluation of suppressor behavior of guanidine‐derived metformin and galegine as novel potential drugs for cancer treatment: an in silico study
Authors: Behrouzi Varjovi Mohammad , Asghari‐Zakaria Rasool , Hosseinzadeh Ghader
Published: July 2024

There are some natural products from plants that can prevent and treat disease. Metformin, a derivative of galegine, is the basic drug to treat diabetes. Moreover, this molecule has anticancer properties that inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation. In this study, the main interactions of galegine and metformin with various cancer‐involved proteins, including mitochondrial alpha‐glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, yeast NADH dehydrogenase, and transforming growth factor‐β1, were surveyed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that each of the proteins makes complexes with the ligands via favorable non‐bonded interactions, especially hydrogen bond interactions. There is greater stability for complexes containing galegine based on the root mean square deviation results. The higher structure compactness is also found in galegine receptors than in metformin receptors. Calculation of ΔGbinding, using the MM/PBSA methodology, shows that the binding energy values for metformin and galegine in interaction with each of the receptors are almost the same, and galegine has similar binding properties with metformin in interaction with the studied protein receptors. Therefore, galegine, a natural ingredient with better binding properties to cancer‐involved proteins than metformin (with various side effects), can be applied as a new drug for cancer treatment.
Protocol for Quantifying All Electrolyte Compositions in Aged Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Huiyan , Peng Yufan , Zhang Ke , Tang Shijun , Wei Yimin , Liang Jinding , Jin Yanting , Yang Yong
Published: July 2024

The aging of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) typically accompanies the degradation of electrolyte, but the relationship between them remains unclear. Therefore, quantifying residual electrolyte in batteries at different states of health (SOH) is a crucial issue. Here, we have developed a comprehensive characterization method to quantitatively analyze the electrolyte salts, solvents, and additives in commercial pouch cell, achieving quantification of all electrolyte compositions with high accuracy. Compared to the reported external standard method used in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), we developed an internal standard method, which offers higher accuracy and reliability, with the maximum error decreased from 9.54 % to 3.48 %. Moreover, the quantitative accuracy of the calibration curves remains unchanged after 2 months. Multi‐instruments analysis is also utilized for the extraction and quantitative analysis of electrolyte in practical battery systems, achieving less than 5 % quantification error for all compositions. With our proposed method, it becomes possible to determine the absolute amounts of all electrolyte compositions, rather than obtaining limited information such as concentration or relative content. It is believed that this protocol of quantifying electrolyte compositions in commercial cells could serve as a baseline for further studies to reveal the relationship between electrolyte degradation and battery aging.
Natural history study of Pseudoachondroplasia: A focus on oral health
Authors: Patel Omkar , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , Chiquet Brett , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: July 2024

Background

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a rare dwarfing condition characterized by short limbs and fingers, and multiple skeletal abnormalities/complications. There are few natural history studies delineating the medical problems in PSACH leaving a gap in many areas, especially oral health. Our study aimed to obtain information pertaining to oral health and other health‐related problems (pregnancy and childbirth, skeletal health, joint pain) in patients with PSACH.

Methods

To ascertain this information, an online Qualtrics survey was distributed to members of Little People of America, a support group, and through a PSACH online chatroom.

Results

Ninety‐nine of 115 surveys were completed and included in the descriptive and multivariable analyses. PSACH individuals regularly sought dental care, but flossing was challenging because of short fingers. Untreated carries (5%), bleeding gums (16%) malocclusion (37%), obstructive sleep apnea (9%), and TMJ disorder (3%) occurred less frequently compared to the general population. Delivery was by Caesarean section in 100% of female respondents who delivered a baby. Bowlegs (74%), scoliosis (43%) and osteoarthritis (36%) were the most common skeletal complications. Joint pain was reported by 85% of respondents.

Conclusions

This study provides novel insights into oral health, pregnancy and childbirth while confirming previously identified skeletal complications in PSACH. Our findings suggest that oral healthcare in PSACH presents unique challenges.
Exosomal lncRNA USP30‐AS1 activates the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway to promote cervical cancer progression via stabilization of β‐catenin by USP30
Authors: Chi Chi , Tang Xiuwu , Liu Wei , Zhou Ying , Jiang Rong , Chen Youguo , Li Min
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major cause of cancer‐related mortality among women globally. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in various cancers, including CC. This study investigates the function of a novel lncRNA, USP30 antisense RNA 1 (USP30‐AS1), in CC tumorigenesis. We analyzed USP30‐AS1 expression using RT‐qPCR and conducted in vitro loss‐of‐function assays, as well as in vivo assays, to evaluate the effects of USP30‐AS1 silencing on CC cell growth and migration. Additional mechanistic experiments, including RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays, were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms influenced by USP30‐AS1. We discovered that USP30‐AS1 is overexpressed in CC tissues and cells. Silencing USP30‐AS1 significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Moreover, USP30‐AS1 was found to modulate the expression of ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 30 (USP30) by sponging microRNA‐2467‐3p (miR‐2467‐3p) and recruiting the FUS RNA binding protein (FUS), thereby stabilizing β‐catenin and activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that USP30‐AS1 enhances CC cell growth and migration through the miR‐2467‐3p/FUS/USP30 axis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for CC.
Synthetic biology for Monascus: From strain breeding to industrial production
Authors: Zhou Junping , Pan Qilu , Xue Yinan , Dong Yaping , Chen Yihong , Huang Lianggang , Zhang Bo , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yuguo
Published: July 2024

Traditional Chinese food therapies often motivate the development of modern medicines, and learning from them will bring bright prospects. Monascus, a conventional Chinese fungus with centuries of use in the food industry, produces various metabolites, including natural pigments, lipid‐lowering substances, and other bioactive ingredients. Recent Monascus studies focused on the metabolite biosynthesis mechanisms, strain modifications, and fermentation process optimizations, significantly advancing Monascus development on a lab scale. However, the advanced manufacture for Monascus is lacking, restricting its scale production. Here, the synthetic biology techniques and their challenges for engineering filamentous fungi were summarized, especially for Monascus. With further in‐depth discussions of automatic solid‐state fermentation manufacturing and prospects for combining synthetic biology and process intensification, the industrial scale production of Monascus will succeed with the help of Monascus improvement and intelligent fermentation control, promoting Monascus applications in food, cosmetic, agriculture, medicine, and environmental protection industries.
Method validation, residue behaviour and dietary risk assessment of insecticides (cyantraniliprole, acetamiprid, flubendiamide and its metabolite, des‐iodo flubendiamide) in or on broccoli using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Sharma Sakshi , Katna Sapna , Sharma Ajay , Istatu Pankaj Sharma , Devi Nisha , Kumar Arvind , Singh Shubhra
Published: July 2024

Residue behaviour and dietary risk assessment of cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide and acetamiprid in broccoli were carried out using the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) technique coupled with LC–MS/MS. The QuEChERS technique was validated on parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, matrix effects, limit of quantification (LOQ), specificity, retention time and ion ratio as per SANTE (Directorate General for Health and Food Safety) guidelines to attest to the specificity, accuracy and precision of the analytical method in estimating insecticide residues in and on broccoli heads and cropped soil. The LOQ of the method for all three insecticides was 0.01 mg/kg. The initial deposits of cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide and acetamiprid reduced to half of its concentration in 1.873–2.354, 1.975–2.484 and 1.371–1.620 days, respectively. No residues were detected in broccoli‐cropped soil at harvest time (30 days after last spray). The proposed maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 1.5, 0.5–0.9 and 2.0–3 mg/kg for cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide and acetamiprid were calculated using the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development MRL calculator. The acute and chronic dietary risk assessment of the tested insecticides identified no appreciable dietary risk to the Indian population from the consumption of broccoli heads. The findings of no dietary risk highlight the importance of informed pesticide usage in broccoli and the proposed MRL derived from this study offers crucial guidelines for the regulatory authorities, ensuring the safety of broccoli consumption.
Peripheral sensory nerve regeneration: Novel target in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Xiao Lan , Liu Jiaying , Yan Fuhua , Xiao Yin
Published: July 2024

Synthetic biomaterials are emerging candidate solutions for treating large bone defects. However, the clinical performances of most synthetic materials are not satisfactory, with the need for improvement in design and synthesis. Although bone is highly innervated, the central role during healing of the peripheral nervous system, and in particular sensory nerves (SNs), has only recently been acknowledged. SNs can improve osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem/stromal cells through neurotransmitters and peptides; the interplay between SNs and the vascular system also facilitates vascular network reconstruction, indirectly facilitating bone healing. These factors suggest the importance of SNs in bone healing, a vital point that has been overlooked in bone biomaterial design until very recently. SN regeneration represents a novel direction in the development of biomaterials for bone regeneration. The current perspective paper summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms under the regulatory influence of SNs in the bone healing process and outlines the recent advances in biomaterials for innervated bone tissue regeneration. This establishes potential future directions for bone engineering biomaterial design.
The local range of natural cosmetics: Consumer perceptions and assessments in Germany
Authors: Ruf Julia , Menrad Klaus , Emberger‐Klein Agnes
Published: July 2024

Natural cosmetics offer the opportunity to reduce the environmental burden caused by the consumption of cosmetic products. This qualitative study analyzes the local range of natural cosmetics and related consumer perceptions and assessments in two case cities in Germany by applying a mixed‐method approach of store checks and the photovoice method. Results of the study show that there is only a limited match of the actual range and consumer perception for some types of retail businesses and a mismatch for product categories. Additionally, participants showed little awareness of the most common natural cosmetic certifications. Consumer assessments about the range of natural cosmetics were influenced by factors such as the arrangement of products in the shops and consumers' experience and knowledge about natural cosmetic brands. Retailers can use the study results in arranging natural cosmetics accordingly; companies can use it to emphasize branding, and policy‐makers can increase consumer knowledge about natural cosmetics.
What drives responsible consumption in collectivistic developing countries? An analysis of Vietnamese consumers' motivations with value–belief–norm theory
Authors: Nguyen Thuy‐Phuong , Dekhili Sihem
Published: July 2024

This study explores the motivations driving responsible consumption in Vietnam, a collectivistic and populous Asian developing country. Specifically, on the basis of value‐belief‐norm (VBN) theory, it focuses on the direct effects of personal values (biospheric, altruistic, and egoistic values) on green product purchase intent. The empirical collectivistic cultural context of Vietnam was utilized, with data collected from 806 consumers across 35 cities. The study reveals that biospheric values predominantly drive purchase intent for green products; however, the magnitude of egoistic values, particularly health concerns, varies significantly across product categories. Regarding altruistic values, they do not appear to be salient among Vietnamese consumers. Additionally, the environmental motive can act as a mediator between health motive and purchase intent. This indirect effect is particularly strong in the case of organic food. Based on these findings, the authors derive managerial and academic implications.
Effect of artificial lung fiber bundle geometric design on micro‐ and macro‐scale clot formation
Authors: Lai Angela , Omori Natsuha , Napolitano Julia E. , Antaki James F. , Cook Keith E.
Published: July 2024

The hollow fiber membrane bundle is the functional component of artificial lungs, transferring oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the blood. It is also the primary location of blood clot formation and propagation in these devices. The geometric design of fiber bundles is defined by a narrow set of parameters that determine gas exchange efficiency and blood flow resistance, principally: fiber packing density, path length, and frontal area. These same parameters also affect thrombosis. This study investigated the effect of these parameters on clot formation using 3D printed flow chambers that mimic the geometry and blood flow patterns of fiber bundles. Hollow fibers were represented by an array of vertical micro‐rods (380 μm diameter) arranged with three packing densities (40%, 50%, and 60%) and two path lengths (2 and 4 cm). Blood was pumped through these devices corresponding to three mean blood flow velocities (16, 20, and 25 cm/min). Results showed that (1) clot formation decreases dramatically with decreasing packing density and increasing blood flow velocity, (2) clot formation at the outlet of the fiber bundle enhances deposition upstream, and consequently (3) greater path length provides greater clot‐free fiber surface area for gas exchange than a shorter path length. These results can help guide the design of less thrombogenic, more efficient artificial lung designs.
Prepare for impact of NCAA settlement
Authors: Romano Robert
Published: July 2024

With previous setbacks in both O’Bannon v. NCAA and NCAA v. Alston, the NCAA and the Power Five conferences made a decision to shy away from their traditional aggressive stance when it came to litigating the latest legal challenge attacking their business model in House v. NCAA (No. 4:20‐cv‐03919, (N.D. Ca. 06/15/2020)). And so in May, the leaders in the Power Five (American Athletic Conference, Big 12, Big Ten, Pac‐12, and Southeastern Conference) ended up agreeing to settle the case. The multibillion‐dollar settlement, if approved by Senior District Judge Claudia Wilken — the same federal judge associated with both the Alston and O’Bannon cases — obliges the NCAA to pay out approximately $2.8 billion to former student‐athletes who had been prohibited from monetizing their name, image, and likeness prior to July 1, 2021.
Synthesis, DFT Calculations, and Biological Studies of New 2‐Cyano‐3‐(Naphthalene‐1‐yl) Acryloyl Amide Analogues as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hekal Mohamed H. , Abdalha Abdelaal A. , Farag Hanaa , Ali Amira T.
Published: July 2024

A set of novel naphthalene derivatives was synthesized via investment of the electrophilic reaction center of the easily obtainable starting substance, 2‐cyano‐3‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)acryloyl chloride (1), with various nitrogen nucleophiles and assessed as potential antitumor agents. The chemical structures of these derivatives were completely specified using several spectral and elemental analyses. The antiproliferative efficacy of the discovered compounds against the human cancer cell lines HepG2 and MCF‐7 was investigated. Compounds 12b and 9 have more potent anticancer activity versus MCF‐7 breast cancer. DFT calculations for the synthesized compounds were studied to determine molecular geometry, frontier orbital analysis, and molecular electrostatic potential. Compound 2 has the lowest energy gap, the highest softness, and the lowest hardness molecule. Also, the electrophilicity values of the studied molecules provide evidence for their biological effectiveness, as compound 9 had significant antiproliferative activity and a high value of electrophilicity (ω) (0.190 eV).
Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis presenting as transient ischemic attack
Authors: Vasquez Moises A. , Andrade‐Bucknor Sharon
Published: July 2024

Key clinical message

Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis may rarely present with TIA or stroke as an initial clinical manifestation. This case highlights the necessity of a broad differential and a high degree of suspicion for cardiac sarcoidosis in a patient with new neurologic symptoms and evidence of cardiac disease.

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a rare disease with a variety of clinical manifestations including heart failure and sudden death. Stroke as the earliest sign of disease has been described in rare cases. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old female with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) of unknown etiology, initially in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiomyopathy was later identified on echocardiography after a second TIA. Cardiac MRI was remarkable for focal left ventricular wall thinning with akinesis and dyskinesis of multiple wall segments, a right ventricular aneurysm, and diffuse myocardial late gadolinium enhancement. PET/CT showed multifocal areas of myocardial FDG uptake. At follow‐up, echocardiography showed a left ventricular apical thrombus, in a previously identified thinned, akinetic region, suggesting cardioembolic origin for previous TIAs. She was started on anticoagulation therapy, prednisone, methotrexate, and adalimumab, with resolution of the thrombus and improvement in cardiac function. In conclusion, this case highlights the need to consider CS as a potential cause of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with few stroke risk factors but findings indicative of cardiac disease. It is essential to further explore the mechanisms behind these events and develop treatments that target their causes in this patient population.
Electron Leaks in Biophotovoltaics: A Multi‐Disciplinary Perspective
Authors: Reilly‐Schott Vincent , Gaibler Jana , Bai Yu , Mier‐Jimenez Alicia , Qasim Mohammed , Lai Bin
Published: July 2024

Biophotovoltaics (BPV), which exploits the natural oxygenic photosystem for energy production, provides a sustainable solution to produce carbon neutral or negative energy from sunlight to meet the growing global energy demand. BPV integrates oxygenic photoautotrophic microorganisms in an electrochemical cell, and harvests the water‐splitting derived photosynthetic electrons to an electrical circuit. Here e. g. electricity or H2, etc, can be produced, thus directly coupling sunlight and water to energy. Despite of the rapid development in the past decade, the system efficiency of BPV still needs magnitude‐level improvement for practical applications. In this perspective paper, we aim to address the electron transfer pipeline in BPV starting from the water splitting by the living whole‐cell catalysts to external electron sinks (i. e. mediator/anode) and eventually to the cathode, from multidisciplinary aspects. We calculated the electron leaks along the electron transfer pipeline to different metabolic electron sinks, and prospectively predicted an untapped potential for extracellular electron transfer rate. BPV could potentially reach an energy efficiency that is two orders of magnitude higher than its current status. An interdisciplinary research approach, that should combine systems and synthetic biology, bioprocess engineering and material science, among others, is proposed to broach the upper boundary of BPV technology.