bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting prototypes from exemplars What can corpus data tell us about concept representation?
Authors: Divjak Dagmar , Arppe Antti
Published: April 2013

Over the past four decades, two distinct alternatives have emerged to rule-based models of how linguistic categories are stored and represented as cognitive structures, namely the prototype and exemplar theories. Although these models were initially thought to be mutually exclusive, shifts from one mechanism to the other have been observed in category learning experiments, bringing the models closer together. In this paper we implement a technique akin to varying abstraction modelling, that assumes intermediate abstraction processes to underlie category representations and categorization decisions; we do so using familiar statistical techniques such as regression and clustering that track frequency distributions in input. With this model we simulate, on the basis of actual usage of Russian try verbs and Finnish think verbs as observed in corpora, how prototypes for near-synonymous verbs could be formed from concrete exemplars at different levels of abstraction.

In so doing, we take a closer look at the cognitive linguistic flirtation with multiple categorization theories, suggesting three improvements anchored in the fact that cognitive linguistics is a usage-based theory of language. Firstly, we show that language provides support for considering single prototype and full exemplar models as opposite ends along a continuum of abstraction. Secondly, we present a methodology that simulates how prototypes can be obtained from exemplars at more than one level of abstraction in a systematic and verifiable way. And thirdly, we illustrate our claims on the basis of work on verbs, denoting intangible events that are neither stable in nor independent of time and express relational concepts; this implies that verbs are more susceptible to their meanings being influenced by the concepts they relate.
Nouns and verbs in Cognitive Grammar: Where is the ‘sound’ evidence?
Authors: Hollmann Willem B.
Published: April 2013

Formalist approaches traditionally define word classes in distributional terms. By contrast, Cognitive Grammar advocates a semantic basis: nouns profile THINGS; verbs highlight PROCESSES. There is psycholinguistic support for the importance of semantics in lexical categorisation, but also for (language-particular) distributional and phonological properties. This paper focuses on phonology, whose importance is further underlined by data from language change and typology. Following a review of the psycholinguistic, historical linguistic and typological evidence, a gap in the literature is filled, i.e. an experiment involving the production of nonce nouns and verbs is conducted, providing further converging evidence for phonology. I then show how this evidence, although not currently recognised in Cognitive Grammar, can be straightforwardly accommodated as phonological sub-schemas. These sub-schemas are probably more important than the super-schemas proposed in Cognitive Grammar (which may actually be non-existent, and anyway fail to yield clear predictions vis-à-vis empirical data). I conclude that in developing the model further, a higher degree of responsibility to all the available empirical data is called for.
General curves on algebraic surfaces
Authors: Sernesi Edoardo
Published: April 2013

We give upper bounds on the genus of a curve with
general moduli assuming that it can be embedded in a projective
nonsingular surface Y so that dim(|C|) > 0. We find such
bounds for all types of surfaces of intermediate Kodaira dimension
and, under mild restrictions, for surfaces of general type whose
minimal model Z satisfies the Castelnuovo inequality K

Z

2 ≥
3χ(𝒪
Z
) - 10. In this last case we obtain g ≤ 19. In the
other cases considered the bounds are lower.
Comparison of results obtained by static 3- and 4-point bending and flexural vibration tests on solid wood, MDF, and 5-plywood
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2013

The flexural Young’s modulus of western hemlock, medium-density fiberboard, and 5-plywood (made of lauan) has been determined by conducting three- and four-point bending tests with various span lengths and by flexural vibration test. The Young’s modulus was significantly influenced by the deflection measurement method. In particular, the Young’s modulus was not reliable based on the difference between the deflections at two specific points in the specimen, although this test is standardized according to ISO 3349-1975 and JIS Z2101-2009.
The Effects of the Withdrawal Rate and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Directionally Solidified Nb-14Si-24Ti Alloy
Authors: Wang Ligang , Ding Fei , Yuan Sainan , Jia Lina , Zhang Hu
Published: April 2013

In this work, an Nb-14Si-24Ti alloy (at.%) was prepared by liquid-metal-cooled directional solidification (DS) and then heat treated (HT) at 1450°C for 100 h. The effects of the withdrawal rate and heat treatment on the microstructure were investigated. The results show that the DS samples consisted of NbSS dendrites, Nb3Si blocks and eutectic NbSS/Nb3Si. As the withdrawal rate increased, the microstructure became finer, the volume fraction of eutectic NbSS/Nb3Si increased and the morphology of eutectic cell transformed from petaloid to regularly arranged granular morphology. The microstructure of the HT samples consisted of NbSS and Nb3Si. The metastable phase of Nb3Si did not discompose through the eutectoid reaction. The dendritic NbSSconnected through diffraction and the secondary dendrite arm got coarser. The boundary of eutectic NbSS/Nb3Si became blurry and the black Ti-rich phase of the DS samples in this region disappeared. The Nb3Si connected to form the continuous matrix. The granular NbSS of eutectics spheroidized and the lamellar NbSS of eutectic interconnected and became more bending distributed uniformly in the Nb3Si matrix.
Structural and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured TiAlCrN Thin Films Deposited by Cathodic Arc Deposition
Authors: Vattanaprateep N. , Panich N. , Surinphong S. , Tungasmita S. , Wangyao P.
Published: April 2013

This work has aims to study and develop the novel nanostructural quaternary thin film material for cutting tools and other applications with both high hardness value and good thermal stability at high temperature. The quaternary compound of TiAlCrN superhard coating material was deposited on tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrates using cathodic arc deposition techniques at the deposition temperature of 623 K. The structures of the coatings were fundamentally examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The coating hardness and elastic modulus tests were performed and investigated by nanoindentation testing method. The maximum hardness and elastic modulus values as measured by nanoindentation tests are at 53 GPa and 887 GPa, respectively. Scratch tests were performed on thin films deposited in various conditions. The critical loads to the coating failure of the resultant coatings are above 75 N.
Effect of Surfactant on the Preparation of Nano-powder for Yb Doping Laser Transparent YAG Ceramic
Authors: Cao Xiao Guo , Wang Jia , Wu Qi Bai , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: April 2013

Yb:YAG transparent ceramic nano-powder was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method, with ammonium bicarbonate as the precipitant and polyethylene glycol as surfactant. The addition of polyethylene glycol can reduce the agglomeration and particle size of the prepared Yb:YAG powder. The morphology, thermal stability and phase structure of Yb:YAG nano-powder were charactered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that well-crystallized nano-powder was obtained by calcining the precursors at 900 °C for 3 h. The average particle size of Yb:YAG powder is about 100–200 nm. When the volume amount of polyethylene glycol is 2.0%, well-dispersed Yb:YAG powder with spherical particles of 100 nm diameter was obtained.
The career aspirations of adolescents with eating disorders: an exploratory study and suggested links to adolescent self-concept development
Authors: Tsitsika Artemis K. , Tzavela Eleni C. , Apostolidou Eftychia , Antonogeorgos George , Sakou Irine-Ikbale , Bakoula Chryssa
Published: April 2013

The health effects of eating disorders (EDs) in adolescence have been widely studied, but their impact on present adolescent psychosocial adjustment and development have been overseen. This study aimed to investigate the association between EDs and career aspirations in middle adolescence. The participants were 147 adolescents diagnosed with EDs. Participants reported on their future career aspirations, and these were coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education of 1997. Of the participants, 83 adolescents were followed up longitudinally, and their aspirations were reassessed and compared for stability across the two assessments. Moreover, participants’ career aspirations were compared to those of healthy (non-ED) best-friend controls. Health-related and social-behavioral science careers were chosen significantly more by adolescents with an ED as compared to their non-ED counterparts. For adolescents with an ED, career choices were consistent across reassessments. These findings suggest that adolescents with an ED gravitate toward careers associated with their pathology, namely, both facets of their mind-body pathology. This finding may indicate restricted identity development for adolescents with an ED. Suggestions for treatments protocols to include identity exploration are discussed.
A Decentralized Multivariable Robust Adaptive Voltage and Speed Regulator for Large-Scale Power Systems
Authors: A. Okou Francis , Akhrif Ouassima , A. Dessaint Louis , Bouchard Derrick
Published: April 2013

This papter introduces a decentralized multivariable robust adaptive voltage and frequency regulator to ensure the stability of large-scale interconnnected generators. Interconnection parameters (i.e. load, line and transormer parameters) are assumed to be unknown. The proposed design approach requires the reformulation of conventiaonal power system models into a multivariable model with generator terminal voltages as state variables, and excitation and turbine valve inputs as control signals. This model, while suitable for the application of modern control methods, introduces problems with regards to current design techniques for large-scale systems. Interconnection terms, which are treated as perturbations, do not meet the common matching condition assumption. A new adaptive method for a certain class of large-scale systems is therefore introduces that does not require the matching condition. The proposed controller consists of nonlinear inputs that cancel some nonlinearities of the model. Auxiliary controls with linear and nonlinear components are used to stabilize the system. They compensate unknown parametes of the model by updating both the nonlinear component gains and excitation parameters. The adaptation algorithms involve the sigma-modification approach for auxiliary control gains, and the projection approach for excitation parameters to prevent estimation drift. The computation of the matrix-gain of the controller linear component requires the resolution of an algebraic Riccati equation and helps to solve the perturbation-mismatching problem. A realistic power system is used to assess the proposed controller performance. The results show that both stability and transient performance are considerably improved following a severe contingency.
Synchrophasor-Assisted Prediction of Stability/Instability of a Power System
Authors: Saha Roy Biman Kumar , Sinha Avinash Kumar , Pradhan Ashok Kumar
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a technique for real-time prediction of stability/instability of a power system based on synchrophasor measurements obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs) at generator buses. For stability assessment the technique makes use of system severity indices developed using bus voltage magnitude obtained from PMUs and generator electrical power. Generator power is computed using system information and PMU information like voltage and current phasors obtained from PMU. System stability/instability is predicted when the indices exceeds a threshold value. A case study is carried out on New England 10-generator, 39-bus system to validate the performance of the technique.
Group–Proxy Signature Scheme: A Novel Solution to Electronic Cash
Authors: Bao Haiyong , Cao Zhenfu
Published: April 2013

Proxy signature and group signature are two basic cryptographic primitives. Due to their valuable characteristics, many schemes have been put forward independently and they have been applied in many practical scenarios up to the present. However, with the development of electronic commerce, many special requirements come into being. In this article, we put forward the concept of group–proxy signature, which integrates the merits of proxy signature and group signature for the first time. We also demonstrate how to apply our scheme to construct an electronic cash system. The space, time, and communication complexities of the relevant parameters and processing procedures are independent of group size. Our demonstration of the concrete group–proxy signature scheme shows that the concepts brought forward by us are sure to elicit much consideration in the future.
Acupuncture and/or sweeping of the fetal membranes before induction of labor: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Andersen Bodil Birgitte , Knudsen Birthe , Lyndrup Jens , Fælling Anni E. , Illum Dinni , Johansen Marianne , Borgen Alice , Jager Helle , Bjerre Charlotte , Secher Niels J.
Published: April 2013

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture, and sweeping of the fetal membranes, as methods for induction of labor.

Methods: Four hundred and seven pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancies and cephalic presentations were randomized at three delivery wards in Denmark at day 290 of gestation into groups of acupuncture, sweeping, acupuncture and sweeping and controls. The primary objective was to compare the proportion of women going into labor before induction of labor at 294 days in the four groups. The secondary objective was to compare the combined groups: with and without acupuncture, and with and without sweeping of the fetal membranes. The midwives, completing the forms for the trial at labor or induction, were blinded to group assessments.

Results: Four hundred and seventeen women were randomized. Ten were excluded after randomization. One hundred and four women were randomized to acupuncture, 103 to sweeping of the membranes, 100 to both acupuncture and sweeping, and 100 were randomized to the control group. Comparison of the four groups demonstrated no significant difference in the number of women achieving spontaneous labor before planned induction. No difference was demonstrated by comparing the combined groups treated with acupuncture with the groups not treated with acupuncture (P=0.76). However, significantly more women went into labor before planned induction (P=0.02) in the combined groups receiving sweeping, compared with the groups not treated with sweeping.

Conclusions: Acupuncture at 41+ weeks of gestation did not reduce the need for induction. The study was of a sufficient size to demonstrate, in parallel, that sweeping of the fetal membranes significantly reduced the need of induction, sparing about 15% for formal induction of labor.
Magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Authors: Dürr Stephan , Janko Christina , Lyer Stefan , Tripal Philipp , Schwarz Marc , Zaloga Jan , Tietze Rainer , Alexiou Christoph
Published: April 2013

Cancer is one of the biggest challenges facing the medical research in our time. The goals are to improve not only the therapeutic outcome, even in the cases of advanced and metastatic cancer, but also the methods of treatment, which often have considerable adverse effects. In addition, the current developments, such as demographic change, population growth, and increasing healthcare costs, have to be taken into consideration. In all likelihood, nanotechnology and, in particular, the use of magnetic nanoparticles consisting of the elements nickel, cobalt, and iron can make a significant contribution. The greatest potential can be ascribed to the drug delivery systems: magnetic nanoparticles are functionalized by binding them to various substances, including chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, nucleic acids, and antibodies. They can then be guided and accumulated using a magnetic field. Hyperthermia can be induced with an alternating magnetic field, providing another therapeutic option. Magnetic nanoparticles may be useful in overcoming cancer drug resistance. They also contribute to realizing a combination of diagnostic investigation and therapy in the field of “theranostics”. The multifaceted and promising results of research in the recent years offer the prospect of a real advance in cancer therapy in the near future.
The effect of fiber-reinforced interleaves on the interlaminar shear strength of continuous glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene laminates
Authors: Fang Li , Li Xuwu , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: April 2013

In this article, polypropylene (PP), short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (SFT-PP), and direct long glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (DLFT-PP) interleaves were added as interleaves between fabrics during laminated molding to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The test results showed that the ILSS was obviously improved. Furthermore, DLFT-PP interleaves were preheated to melt the PP before laminated molding and were then immediately placed between two fabrics to make the melted PP enter the gaps of the fabric and more fibers were used to further improve the ILSS. As expected, the ILSS increased.
Maternal transfer of methimazole and effects on thyroid hormone availability in embryonic tissues
Authors: Van Herck Stijn L J , Geysens Stijn , Bald Edward , Chwatko Grazyna , Delezie Evelyne , Dianati Elham , Ahmed R G , Darras Veerle M
Published: April 2013

Methimazole (MMI) is an anti-thyroid drug used in the treatment of chronic hyperthyroidism. There is, however, some debate about its use during pregnancy as MMI is known to cross the mammalian placenta and reach the developing foetus. A similar problem occurs in birds, where MMI is deposited in the egg and taken up by the developing embryo. To investigate whether maternally derived MMI can have detrimental effects on embryonic development, we treated laying hens with MMI (0.03% in drinking water) and measured total and reduced MMI contents in the tissues of hens and embryos at different stages of development. In hens, MMI was selectively increased in the thyroid gland, while its levels in the liver and especially brain remained relatively low. Long-term MMI treatment induced a pronounced goitre with a decrease in thyroxine (T4) content but an increase in thyroidal 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) content. This resulted in normal T3 levels in tissues except in the brain. In chicken embryos, MMI levels were similar in the liver and brain. They gradually decreased during development but always remained above those in the corresponding maternal tissues. Contrary to the situation in hens, T4 availability was only moderately affected in embryos. Peripheral T3 levels were reduced in 14-day-old embryos but normal in 18-day-old embryos, while brain T3 content was decreased at all embryonic stages tested. We conclude that all embryonic tissues are exposed to relatively high doses of MMI and its oxidised metabolites. The effect of maternal MMI treatment on embryonic thyroid hormone availability is most pronounced for brain T3 content, which is reduced throughout the embryonic development period.
Benefits of Universal Gloving on Hospital-Acquired Infections in Acute Care Pediatric Units
Authors: Yin Jun , Schweizer Marin L. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Pottinger Jean M. , Perencevich Eli N.
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND:

To prevent transmission, some pediatric units require clinicians to wear gloves for all patient contacts during RSV season. We sought to assess whether a mandatory gloving policy reduced the risk of other health care–acquired infections (HAIs).

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study included all patients admitted to pediatric units of a tertiary care center between 2002 and 2010. Poisson regression models were used to measure the association between mandatory gloving and HAI incidence. Autoregressive models were used to adjust for time correlation.

RESULTS:

During the study period, 686 HAIs occurred during 363 782 patient-days. The risk of any HAI was 25% lower during mandatory gloving periods compared with during nongloving periods (relative risk [RR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.93; P = .01), after adjusting for long-term trends and seasonal effect. Mandatory gloving was associated with lower risks of bloodstream infections (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49–0.81; P < .001), central line–associated bloodstream infections (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44–0.84; P = 0.003), and hospital-acquired pneumonia (RR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.03–1.25; P= 0.09). The reduction was significant in the PICU (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42–0.93; P = .02), the NICU (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39–0.98; P = .04), and the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit (RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29–0.91, P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:

Universal gloving during RSV season was associated with significantly lower rates of bacteremia and central line–associated bloodstream infections, particularly in the ICUs and the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit.
Euthanasia
Authors: Julesz Máté
Published: April 2013

The problem of euthanasia emerges again and again in today’s Europe. The Dutch type of regulation of euthanasia could be introduced into the Hungarian legal system. Today, in Hungary, the ethical guidelines of the chamber of medicine, the criminal law and the administrative health law also forbid active euthanasia. In Hungary, the criminal code reform of 2012 missed to liberalise the regulation of euthanasia. Such liberalisation awaits bottom-up support from the part of the society. In Europe, active euthanasia is legal only in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg and Switzerland. In Hungary, a passive form of euthanasia is legal, i.e. a dying patient may, under strict procedural circumstances, refuse medical treatment. The patient is not allowed to refuse medical treatment, if she is pregnant and foreseeably capable to give birth to her child. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 671–674.
Change in secondhand smoke levels in a public hospital in Budapest following anti-smoking policy implementation in 2011
Authors: Tárnoki Dávid László , Tárnoki Ádám Domonkos , Csáthy László , Travers Mark J.
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Our previous 2009 study demonstrated high secondhand smoke levels throughout a public hospital in Budapest. Aim: To compare changes in indoor air pollution level between 2009 and 2012, before and after the Hungarian anti-smoking policy legislation adopted in 2011. Methods: TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used. Results: In-patient care department PM2.5 levels declined by 92% from 87.7 μg/m3 to 6.9 μg/m3. Non-patient care area PM2.5 level increased by 67% from 64.8 μg/m3 to 108.0 μg/m3. The increase was driven entirely by a large increase in the level in public toilets. Excluding these, there was a 83% drop in PM2.5 in non-patient care areas from 64.8 μg/m3 to 11.1 μg/m3. Conclusions: PM2.5 decreased significantly due to the 2011 law. However, smoking still occurred in the hospital, albeit in less frequently visited areas. A stricter enforcement of this beneficial law is needed to reach a comprehensive smoke-free hospital environment. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 658–664.
Reviews of Current Literature
Authors: Rutkowski James L.
Published: April 2013

Sendax VI, ed. Mini Dental Implants Principles and Practice . Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby; 2013.
Microphthalmia Transcription Factor Regulates Pancreatic β-Cell Function
Authors: Mazur Magdalena A. , Winkler Marcus , Ganić Elvira , Colberg Jesper K. , Johansson Jenny K. , Bennet Hedvig , Fex Malin , Nuber Ulrike A. , Artner Isabella
Published: April 2013

Precise regulation of β-cell function is crucial for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Pax6 is an essential regulator of β-cell–specific factors like insulin and Glut2. Studies in the developing eye suggest that Pax6 interacts with Mitf to regulate pigment cell differentiation. Here, we show that Mitf, like Pax6, is expressed in all pancreatic endocrine cells during mouse postnatal development and in the adult islet. A Mitf loss-of-function mutation results in improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin secretion but no increase in β-cell mass in adult mice. Mutant β-cells secrete more insulin in response to glucose than wild-type cells, suggesting that Mitf is involved in regulating β-cell function. In fact, the transcription of genes critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis (insulin and Glut2) and β-cell formation and function (Pax4 and Pax6) is significantly upregulated in Mitf mutant islets. The increased Pax6 expression may cause the improved β-cell function observed in Mitf mutant animals, as it activates insulin and Glut2 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that Mitf binds to Pax4 and Pax6 regulatory regions, suggesting that Mitf represses their transcription in wild-type β-cells. We demonstrate that Mitf directly regulates Pax6 transcription and controls β-cell function.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Centre – A Model for Rare Disease Management / Centrum pre pľúcnu artériovú hypertenziu – model v manažmente zriedkavých chorôb
Authors: Goncalvesová E.
Published: April 2013

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with average median survival rate about 3 years from the establishment of the diagnosis, except for PAH associated with congenital heart diseases. Diagnosis and management of PAH concentrate in the dedicated centres (reference centres, centres of expertise). The purpose of a reference centre is to undertake assessment and investigation of all causes of pulmonary hypertension, PAH-specific drug therapy, cooperation with other healthcare specialist, and to undertake research and education. In general, high volume centres achieve best outcomes, because of effective concentration of the specific experience and skills needed for rare disease management.

The paper brings brief characteristic of the reference centre for PAH according the guideline of European Society of Cardiology as well as own experience in this field.
Orphan Dugs in EU / Lieky na zriedkavé choroby v EÚ
Authors: Foltánová T. , Mazág M.
Published: April 2013

Medical and scientific knowledge about rare diseases is minimal or lacking, thus making research difficulties for pharmaceutical industry. Orphan drugs in EU are under supervision of European Commission, European medical agency (EMA) and Committee for orphan medicinal products (COMP).

The presentation provides a brief review of all supportive incentives in the field of orphan medicinal products as: the European orphan medicinal product (OMP) regulation, Guideline on Clinical Trials in Small Populations and Commission Regulation (EC) No 2049/2005 / support of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It also introduces the concept of Clinical added value of orphan medicinal products, as one of the key instruments to increase the availability of orphan medicinal products in the member states. Separately it stresses the necessity of Health technology assessment implementation in whole process of orphan medicinal product development as well as the implementation of the Europlan indicators into the Slovak National plan
Psychological Aspects of Patients and Their Families Suffering from a Rare Disease / Psychologické aspekty pacientov a ich rodín postihnutých zriedkavou chorobou
Authors: Prevendárová J.
Published: April 2013

Severe chronic disease always negatively impacts the psyche of the patient, regardless what organs or organ systems are affected. There are several factors contributing to mental health and serenity, e.g.: quality of health care, social and economic support, personality predisposition of the patient, their partnership, family and wider society relations. Shedding of friendly relations and leisure activities, as well as problems in the partnership are the most serious factors that produce frustration, anger, low self-esteem or even a sense of futility. These emotions, along with pain and fear of disease and fear from the future in many cases eventually lead to depression. Therefore we consider it necessary to pay attention not only to the physical condition of the patient with a rare disease, but also to their psyche; in the broader context of partnership and parenthood. In case of a pediatric patient comfort and serenity of parents has a strongly harmonizing effect on the physical and mental condition of the child. The article deals in detail with the symptoms of distress of the patient and his family, and finally defines the goals of psychological counseling and therapy, including family therapy as a whole.
Lipoxygenase in Condition of Experimental Hypertriacylglycerolaemia
Authors: Kováčiková Veronika , Obložinský Marek , Kollárová Renáta , Bezáková Lýdia , Šišková Katarína , Pauliková Ingrid
Published: April 2013

Animal lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.12, LOX) convert arachidonic acid to biological active compounds known as eicosanoids. Proinflammatory
eicosanoids - leukotrienes are involved in progression of atherosclerosis. Our attention was focused on a connection
between activity of LOX and primary hypertriacylglycerolaemia, untreated or treated with fenofibrate. Our results show that
LOX activity in the cytoplasm derived from liver of hypertriacylglycerolaemic rats is significantly increased (pH 7,2; relative to the
control group), which may be one reason for more rapid atherosclerosis progression in lipid metabolism disorders. The highest
LOX activity in microsomes was showed in groups of rats treated with fenofibrate. It appears that fibrates indirectly promote association
of LOXs to membranes. In fat fraction no significant effect of hypertriacylglycerolaemia on the activity of lipoxygenase
was found. Using gel electrophoresis significantly different spectrum of proteins was discovered in the control samples and
samples of hypertriacylglycerolaemic rats. It appears that in condition of lipid metabolism imbalance formation of proteins with
low molecular weight (and possibly also expression of LOX) is elevated.
Cooling of Electrical Cu Conductor with PVC Insulation – Analytical, Numerical and Fluid Flow Solution
Authors: Goga Vladimír , Paulech Juraj , Váry Michal
Published: April 2013

This paper describes calculation of cooling process of electrical Cu conductor with PVC insulation. Three types of solutions were performed.Analytical solution considers free convection and radiation effect of heat transfer. Numerical solution was performed by finite element method (FEM) using software ANSYS Workbench and fluid flow solution was performed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis in software ANSYS CFX. Results from all types of solutions were compared with results of the experimental measurement.
User–Parameter–Free Robust Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm for Vector–Sensor Arrayswithin the Hypercomplex Framework
Authors: Gou Xiaoming , Liu Zhiwen , Ma Jingyan , Xu Yougen
Published: April 2013

The major flaw of the conventional diagonal loading (DL) method is that it is unclear to choose appropriate DL levels or user-parameters (UPs), though several remarkable contributions have been made to regularize model errors without UPs. An UP-free algorithm for two-component vector-sensor arrays, which is robust to steering vector errors, is considered. The algorithm is within the hypercomplex framework using quaternions, and the optimal solution is found at the maximal correlation between the quaternionic and complex outputs. The performance of the proposed beamformer is illustrated via numerical simulations and is compared with several other UP-free adaptive beamformers
Multi Grid Chaotic Attractors with Discrete Jumps
Authors: Gotthans Tomáš , Hruboš Zdeněk
Published: April 2013

In this paper the discrete step functions are used in order to generate m×n scroll chaotic hypercube attractors. The design and realization of multi-scroll attractors depends on synthesizing the nonlinearity with an electrical circuit. The essence of the novel approach is in designing the transfer function with analog to digital converters connected directly without any microcomputer, instead of using standard comparator or hysteresis methods. Therefore there is no special need for synthesizing the nonlinearity towards m × n scroll chaotic attractors. The approach is verified with PSpice 16.0 circuit simulator and experimentally measured.
An Extension of 3D Zernike Moments for Shape
Description and Retrieval of Maps Defined in
Rectangular Solids
Authors: Sit Atilla , Mitchell Julie C , Phillips George N , Wright Stephen J
Published: April 2013

Zernike polynomials have been widely used in the description
and shape retrieval of 3D objects. These orthonormal
polynomials allow for efficient description and reconstruction
of objects that can be scaled to fit within the unit ball. However,
maps defined within box-shaped regions ¶ for example,
rectangular prisms or cubes ¶ are not well suited to representation
by Zernike polynomials, because these functions
are not orthogonal over such regions. In particular, the representations
require many expansion terms to describe object
features along the edges and corners of the region. We overcome
this problem by applying a Gram-Schmidt process to
re-orthogonalize the Zernike polynomials so that they recover
the orthonormality property over a specified box-shaped domain.
We compare the shape retrieval performance of these
new polynomial bases to that of the classical Zernike unit-ball
polynomials.
Engineering Structure and Properties of Materials Used as a Matrix in Diamond Impregnated Tools / Kształtowanie Struktury I Własnosci Materiałów Stosowanych Jako Osnowa W Narzedziach Metaliczno-Diamentowych
Authors: Borowiecka-Jamrozek J.
Published: April 2013

The paper presents mechanical properties of materials used as matrices in diamond impregnated tools. Several powder metallurgy materials were manufactured by the hot press process from various combinations of cobalt (Co SMS, Co Extrafine, Co 400mesh), carbonyl iron (Fe CN) and tungsten (WP30) powders. After consolidation the specimens were tested for density, hardness and tensile properties. The fracture surfaces and materials’ microstructure were observed using the Jeol JSM- 5400 scanning electron microscope and the Leica DM4000 light microscope. The main objective of the work was to determine the effects of the mean particle size of cobalt as well as additions of iron and tungsten on properties of the as-consolidated material.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Wire Drawing for Hardly Deformable Biocompatible Magnesium Alloys / Numeryczna I Doswiadczalna Analiza Ciagnienia Drutu Z Trudno Odkształcalnych Biozgodnych Stopów Magnezu
Authors: Milenin A. , Kustra P.
Published: April 2013

In the present paper the drawing processes of thin wire of biocompatible magnesium alloys in heated die was investigated. Due to the hexagonal close packet structure magnesium alloys have low plasticity. In order to design the technological parameters the FEM model of wire drawing process in heated die and models of yield stress and ductility were developed. The relationship between technological parameters of drawing and fracture parameters was obtained based on developed models. The maps of possible elongation for MgCa0.8 and Ax30 magnesium alloys were developed using simulations. The draft schedule for final wire diameter 0.1 mm was design assisted with FEM model in experimental part of work. Based on this draft plan the drawing process from initial diameter 1.0 mm to final diameter 0.1 mm in heated die was performed in designed by author’s device.
Numerical Analysis of the Process of Heating of a Bed of Steel Bars / Numeryczna Analiza Procesu Nagrzewania Złoza Pretów Stalowych
Authors: Musiał D.
Published: April 2013

The article describes the computation of the time of heating of a bed of bars in the heat treatment process. The charge was subjected to under-annealing, which is used in industry, e.g., to facilitate sawing of bars or billets into a sections intended for hot forging. The beds under examination were regarded as solid elements, which was possible thanks to the knowledge of the effective thermal conductivity, λ. The value of this quantity for the temperature range under consideration was determined based on the author’s original investigation. During heating of a bundle of bars at a constant heating medium temperature, a temperature difference occurs on the charge cross-section, which is significantly greater than that provided for by the technology. It is therefore essential to carry out a second soaking stage in order to achieve the cross-sectional temperature difference at a level of 20°C. The computation of soaking was conducted for the assumed conditions of a constant temperature on the charge surface and the parabolic distribution of temperature on the cross-section.
Numerical Analysis of Thermal Stresses in Carbon Films Obtained by the Rf Pecvd Method on the Surface of a Cannulated Screw / Analiza Numeryczna Naprezen Cieplnych W Warstwie Weglowej Otrzymanej W Procesie Rf Pecvd Na Powierzchni Wkreta Kostnego
Authors: Sawicki J. , Dudek M. , Kaczmarek Ł. , Wiecek B. , Swiatczak B. , Olbrycht B.
Published: April 2013

For many years, research on carbon films has been stimulated by the need to simultaneously optimize their biological and mechanical properties and by the challenges related to their deposition on medical implants. The residual mechanical stress occurring inside deposited films is the most important mechanical parameter which leads to the total destruction of these films by cracking and peeling. In the present work, we systematically studied the effect of ion bombardment during the process of radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) by monitoring the temperature distribution on a cannulated screw using the infrared technique. The obtained experimental and finite element modeling (FEM) results show that stresses in carbon films deposited on a cannulated screw are quite inhomogeneous and depend on the geometry of the sample and the relative position of the studied contact area between the substrate/film interface and the surface of the film.
Surface Modification and its Influence on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Nickel Based Superalloy René 77 / Modyfikacja Powierzchniowa Oraz Jej Wpływ Na Mikrostrukture I Wytrzymałosc Na Pełzanie Odlewów Z Nadstopu Niklu Ren´E 77
Authors: Zielinska M. , Sieniawski J.
Published: April 2013

Superalloy René 77 is very wide used for turbine blades, turbine disks of aircraft engines which work up to 1050°C. These elements are generally produced by the investment casting method. Turbine blades produced by conventional precision casting methods have coarse and inhomogeneous grain structure. Such a material often does not fulfil basic requirements, which concern mechanical properties for the stuff used in aeronautical engineering. The incorporation of controlled grain size improved mechanical properties. This control of grain size in the casting operation was accomplished by the control of processing parameters such as casting temperature, mould preheating temperature, and the use of grain nucleates in the face of the mould. For nickel and cobalt based superalloys, it was found that cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) has the best nucleating effect. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant’s content (cobalt aluminate) in the surface layer of the ceramic mould on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperature of nickel based superalloy René 77. For this purpose, the ceramic moulds were made with different concentration of cobalt aluminate in the primary slurry was from 0 to 10% mass. in zirconium flour. Stepped and cylindrical samples were casted for microstructure and mechanical examinations. The average grain size of the matrix ( phase), was determined on the stepped samples. The influence of surface modification on the grain size of up to section thickness was considered. The microstructure investigations with the use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enable to examine the influence of the surface modification on the morphology of ’ phase and carbides precipitations. Verification of the influence of CoAl2O4 on the mechanical properties of castings were investigated on the basis of results obtained form creep tests.
Influence of the Finite Element Model on the Inverse Determination of the Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution over the Hot Plate Cooled by the Laminar Water Jets / Wpływ Modelu Metody Elementów Skonczonych Na Współczynnika Wymiany Ciepła Wyznaczany Z Rozwiazania Odwrotnego Procesu Laminarnego Chłodzenia Płyty Metalowej
Authors: Hadała B. , Malinowski Z. , Telejko T. , Szajding A.
Published: April 2013

The industrial hot rolling mills are equipped with systems for controlled cooling of hot steel products. In the case of strip rolling mills the main cooling system is situated at run-out table to ensure the required strip temperature before coiling. One of the most important system is laminar jets cooling. In this system water is falling down on the upper strip surface. The proper cooling rate affects the final mechanical properties of steel which strongly dependent on microstructure evolution processes. Numerical simulations can be used to determine the water flux which should be applied in order to control strip temperature. The heat transfer boundary condition in case of laminar jets cooling is defined by the heat transfer coefficient, cooling water temperature and strip surface temperature. Due to the complex nature of the cooling process the existing heat transfer models are not accurate enough. The heat transfer coefficient cannot be measured directly and the boundary inverse heat conduction problem should be formulated in order to determine the heat transfer coefficient as a function of cooling parameters and strip surface temperature. In inverse algorithm various heat conduction models and boundary condition models can be implemented. In the present study two three dimensional finite element models based on linear and non-linear shape functions have been tested in the inverse algorithm. Further, two heat transfer boundary condition models have been employed in order to determine the heat transfer coefficient distribution at the hot plate cooled by laminar jets. In the first model heat transfer coefficient distribution over the cooled surface has been approximated by the witch of Agnesi type function with the expansion in time of the approximation parameters. In the second model heat transfer coefficient distribution over the cooled plate surface has been approximated by the surface elements serendipity family with parabolic shape functions. The heat transfer coefficient values at surface element nodes have been expanded in time by the cubic-spline functions. The numerical tests have shown that in the case of heat conduction model based on linear shape functions inverse solution differs significantly from the searched boundary condition. The dedicated finite element heat conduction model based on non-linear shape functions has been developed to ensure inverse determination of heat transfer coefficient distribution over the cooled surface in the time of cooling. The heat transfer coefficient model based on surface elements serendipity family is not limited to a particular form of the heat flux distribution. The solution has been achieved for measured temperatures of the steel plate cooled by 9 laminar jets.
Modern Hybrid Joints in Aerospace: Modelling and Testing / Nowoczesne Połaczenia Hybrydowe W Lotnictwie: Modelowanie I Badania Eskperymentalne
Authors: Sadowski T. , Balawender T. , Sliwa R. , Golewski P. , Knec M.
Published: April 2013

The aim of the paper is to review different types of modern hybrid joints applied in aerospace. We focused on three particular cases: 1) spot welding - adhesive, 2) rivet-bonded and 3) clinch-bonded joints. The numerical models presented in the paper for these joints describe their complex behaviour under mechanical loading. The numerical calculations performed using ABAQUS code were compared to experimental results obtained by application of the Digital Image Correlation system (DIC) ARAMIS.

The results investigated within the paper lead to the following major conclusions:

- the strengthening of joints by application of adhesive significantly improve static strength,

- the final failure of the joined structural system significantly depends on the surface adhesive area,

- the stiffening effects of the hybrid joint lead to higher reliability and durability of the structural joints.
Numerical Modelling of Macrosegregation in Heavy Steel Ingot / Modelowanie Numeryczne Procesu Makrosegregacji W Ciezkim Wlewku Stalowym
Authors: Tkadlečková M. , Machovčák P. , Gryc K. , Michalek K. , Socha L. , Klus P.
Published: April 2013

The paper presents new knowledge and experience from numerical modelling of macrosegregation in heavy steel ingot using ProCAST software. The main aim of numerical modelling realized under the conditions of the Department of Metallurgy and Foundry and Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre at VSB-TU Ostrava is the optimization of the production of heavy steel ingots produced in V´ITKOVICE HEAVY MACHINERY a.s. Input parameters of computation were determined by the real conditions of parallel experimental casting of a 90-ton steel ingot. The input data were also verified by thermal analysis and thermography measurement. The numerical results of macrosegregation were compared with the chemical analysis evaluated in a real ingot section. According to the comparison, attention will be focused next on determination of the effect of boundary conditions of filling and solidification of the ingot on the size of macrosegregation.
Influence of Submerged Entry Nozzle on Intermixed Zone in Round Blooms with a Diameter of 525 mm / Wpływ Wylewu Zanurzeniowego Na Strefe Przejsciowa W Okragłych Wlewkach Ciagłych O Srednicy 525 mm
Authors: Michalek K. , Gryc K. , Tkadlečková M. , Morávka J. , Huczala T. , Bocek D. , Horáková D.
Published: April 2013

This work compares the experimental results of nickel concentration measurements in the intermixed zone of the continuously cast round blooms with a diameter of 525 mm using two types of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) - a straight-through nozzle and one with 5-ports. Based on determination of the system and optical interface in the blooms a detailed study of concentration profiles on the bloom surface in a small radius area, on the right side and then also on a cross-section of the blooms, was carried out. The results were further analysed using approximation models, and were to be used to verify the proposed model for predicting intermixed zones for a continuous casting machine, developed based on the results of physical and numerical modelling.
Surface Tension of Cu-Ag Alloys / Napiecie Powierzchniowe Stopów Cu-Ag
Authors: Siwiec G. , Oleksiak B. , Smalcerz A. , Wieczorek J.
Published: April 2013

In the paper, results of surface tension measurements with regard to liquid copper-silver alloys with the maximum silver content of 40 % mass Ag are presented. The measurements were performed at 1373-1573 K with the use of the sessile drop method. In the study, a high-temperature microscope, coupled with a camera and a computer equipped with the software designed for experiment recording and picture analysing, was applied. In order to determine surface tension values, the least square estimation of the parameters of the system of differential equations, describing the shape of a liquid sessile drop, was used.