bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing STEM Skills, Knowledge and Interest Among Diverse Students: Results from an Intensive Summer Research Program at the University of California, San Francisco
Authors: Galvez Gino , Killilea David W. , Berry Sharla , Narayanaswami Vasanthy , Fung Ellen B.
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the UCSF Summer Student Research Program (SSRP) in enhancing research-related skills, academic outcomes, and post-baccalaureate aspirations of underrepresented minority (URM) and non-URM undergraduate students in biomedical sciences and STEM fields. The SSRP, spanning 9 weeks, provides immersive research experiences, structured mentorship, trainings, seminars, and STEM education. Pre- and post-program survey data from eight cohorts (N = 315) were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests, MANOVA, and content analysis. Results demonstrate significant gains in critical thinking skills, research abilities, science identity, applied science skills, and readiness for a research career. Notably, participants exhibited improvements in understanding the research process, scientific thinking, science writing, and problem-solving. URM and non-URM students experienced similar gains, highlighting the program’s inclusivity. The SSRP also positively influenced students’ postgraduate aspirations. Some participants expressed heightened interest in pursuing Master of Arts, Ph.D., and M.D. degrees, indicating increased clarity and motivation towards advanced education and research careers. Furthermore, 87% of participants expressed a high likelihood of engaging in future research endeavors, underscoring the program’s sustained impact on research interest. This study underscores the transformative potential of a well-structured, intensive summer research program in significantly enhancing academic outcomes for URM and non-URM students alike. These findings align with the persistence framework, emphasizing the importance of early research experiences, active learning, and learning communities in fostering student success. The SSRP’s effectiveness in improving research skills and post-baccalaureate aspirations suggests its potential in diversifying the STEM fields, biomedical sciences and health-related professions.
Trends in abundance and occupancy of the protected water beetle Graphoderus bilineatus in the Netherlands
Authors: van Strien Arco J. , Koese Bram , Stienstra Jelle , Soldaat Leo L. , de Zeeuw Marnix
Published: February 2024

The European Habitats Directive prescribes Member States to report on trends in abundance and distribution of protected species. One of these species is Graphoderus bilineatus (De Geer, 1774), a middle-sized predaceous aquatic beetle, listed in Annex II and IV of the Habitats Directive. In the Netherlands, a monitoring scheme for this species has been set up to assess the national trend as well as the trend in the national Natura2000 sites. In this scheme, a selection of 1 km2 squares is surveyed in cycles of six years using a standardized field method by professional fieldworkers. In each selected square, five locations were sampled per annum (September–October) by two different observers using hand netting. The data of the first two rounds (2011–2016 and 2017–2022) have been analysed using both an occupancy model and a Poisson GLMM. We found evidence of a declining trend in occupancy as well as in population size. The decreases were stronger outside than within Natura2000 sites and also stronger than those of three other beetle species that are often found together with G. bilineatus. In addition, considerable differences between observers were detected in the data, despite the application of a standardized field method.

Implications for insect conservation

Graphoderus bilineatus is declining and the decline is stronger outside Natura2000 sites then within, most likely due to differences in the development of water quality, vegetation structure and water management. Further research is required to identify the exact causes of the decline; however water quality improvement seems essential to turn the tide. The study also shows the benefits of a monitoring scheme for trend assessments. The recent decline would probably not have been noticed based on distribution data alone.
A Procedural Constructive Learning Mechanism with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cognitive Agents
Authors: de Lellis Rossi Leonardo , Rohmer Eric , Dornhofer Paro Costa Paula , Colombini Esther Luna , da Silva Simões Alexandre , Gudwin Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: February 2024

Recent advancements in AI and deep learning have created a growing demand for artificial agents capable of performing tasks within increasingly complex environments. To address the challenges associated with continuous learning constraints and knowledge capacity in this context, cognitive architectures inspired by human cognition have gained significance. This study contributes to existing research by introducing a cognitive-attentional system employing a constructive neural network-based learning approach for continuous acquisition of procedural knowledge. We replace an incremental tabular Reinforcement Learning algorithm with a constructive neural network deep reinforcement learning mechanism for continuous sensorimotor knowledge acquisition, thereby enhancing the overall learning capacity. The primary emphasis of this modification centers on optimizing memory utilization and reducing training time. Our study presents a learning strategy that amalgamates deep reinforcement learning with procedural learning, mirroring the incremental learning process observed in human sensorimotor development. This approach is embedded within the CONAIM cognitive-attentional architecture, leveraging the cognitive tools of CST. The proposed learning mechanism allows the model to dynamically create and modify elements in its procedural memory, facilitating the reuse of previously acquired functions and procedures. Additionally, it equips the model with the capability to combine learned elements to effectively adapt to complex scenarios. A constructive neural network was employed, initiating with an initial hidden layer comprising one neuron. However, it possesses the capacity to adapt its internal architecture in response to its performance in procedural and sensorimotor learning tasks, inserting new hidden layers or neurons. Experimentation conducted through simulations involving a humanoid robot demonstrates the successful resolution of tasks that were previously unsolved through incremental knowledge acquisition. Throughout the training phase, the constructive agent achieved a minimum of 40% greater rewards and executed 8% more actions when compared to other agents. In the subsequent testing phase, the constructive agent exhibited a 15% increase in the number of actions performed in contrast to its counterparts.
Synchronization and Random Attractors in Reaction Jump Processes
Authors: Engel Maximilian , Olicón-Méndez Guillermo , Wehlitz Nathalie , Winkelmann Stefanie
Published: February 2024

This work explores a synchronization-like phenomenon induced by common noise for continuous-time Markov jump processes given by chemical reaction networks. Based on Gillespie’s stochastic simulation algorithm, a corresponding random dynamical system is formulated in a two-step procedure, at first for the states of the embedded discrete-time Markov chain and then for the augmented Markov chain including random jump times. We uncover a time-shifted synchronization in the sense that—after some initial waiting time—one trajectory exactly replicates another one with a certain time delay. Whether or not such a synchronization behavior occurs depends on the combination of the initial states. We prove this partial time-shifted synchronization for the special setting of a birth-death process by analyzing the corresponding two-point motion of the embedded Markov chain and determine the structure of the associated random attractor. In this context, we also provide general results on existence and form of random attractors for discrete-time, discrete-space random dynamical systems.
A Hitchhiker’s Ride: The Honey Bee Louse Braula Coeca (Diptera: Braulidae) Selects its Host by Eavesdropping
Authors: Yusuf Abdullahi , Pirk Christian , Crewe Robin
Published: February 2024

The bee louse Braula spp. had until recently a distribution coincident with its host the honey bee. The adult fly usually attaches to a worker honey bee and steals food from its mouth. However, not all worker bees carry Braula spp. and the mechanism used by Braula spp. to select hosts is not well understood. Using choice remounting bioassays and chemical analyses, we determined host selection and the cues used by B. coeca, a species associated with the African honey bee Apis mellifera scutellata. Braula coeca successfully remounted bees from which they were initially removed and preferred their mandibular gland pheromones (MDG) over those of bees not carrying them. The bee lice did not show any preference for the cuticular hydrocarbons of both types of workers. Chemical analyses of the MDG extracts, revealed quantitative differences between the two categories of workers, with workers carrying B. coeca having more of the queen substance (9-oxo-2(E)-decenoic acid) and worker substance (10-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic). Braula coeca showed a dose response to the queen substance, indicating its ability to use host derived kairomones as cues that allowed it to benefit from trophallactic dominance by individuals that have a higher probability of being fed by other workers.
Exploring the Self-Reported Physical and Psychological Effects in a Population Exposed to a Regional Conflict
Authors: Shamir-Stein Naama , Feldblum Ilana , Rotman Eran , Cohen Shir , Brand Einat , Kivity Sara , Saban Mor
Published: February 2024

Background

Conflict profoundly impacts community health and well-being. While post-conflict research exists, little is known about initial effects during active hostilities.

Objective

To assess self-reported changes in health behaviors, distress, and care access within one month of regional warfare onset in a conflict-affected community.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in November 2023 among 501 residents (mean age 40.5 years) of a community where war began October 7th. Measures evaluated physical health, mental health, diet, substance use, sleep, weight changes, and healthcare access before and after the declaration of war.

Results

Relative to pre-war, respondents reported significantly increased rates of tobacco (56%) and alcohol (15%) consumption, worsening sleep quality (63%), elevated distress (18% sought help; 14% needed but didn’t receive it), and postponed medical care (36%). Over a third reported weight changes. Distress was higher among females and those endorsing maladaptive coping.

Conclusion

Within one month, substantial impacts on community psychosocial and behavioral health emerged. Unmet mental health needs and risk-taking behaviors were early indicators of conflict’s health consequences. Continuous monitoring of conflict-affected communities is needed to inform tailored interventions promoting resilience and prevent entrenchment of harms over time.
Stability Analysis of Deep Belief Network: Based SD-AR Model for Nonlinear Time Series
Authors: Xu Wenquan , Hu Hui
Published: February 2024

As for nonlinear time series prediction, many different kinds of varying-coefficient models have been proposed and analysised in recent years. A kind of varying functional-coefficient autoregressive model, called the deep belief network-based state-dependent autoregressive (DBN-AR) model is considered in this paper. The stability conditions and existing conditions of limit cycle of the DBN-AR model are also studied. An especial designed parameter estimation method is used to identify the DBN-AR model. The DBN-AR model is used to predict the famous Canadian lynx data and Henon chaotic series, the prediction capability of the DBN-AR model is compared with other prediction models, the experimental results show that the DBN-AR model obtains better prediction accuracy.
Plasma-induced Polymerization and Grafting of Acrylic Acid on the Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabric Using Pulsed Underwater Diaphragm Electrical Discharge
Authors: Kováčik Dušan , Šrámková Petra , Multáňová Patrícia , Stupavská Monika , Siadati Seyedehneda , Ďurina Pavol , Zahoranová Anna
Published: February 2024

Polypropylene (PP) nonwovens are used in many hygiene, healthcare and medical products due to their low cost, high chemical resistance and inertness. From an economic point of view, PP textiles would be used as an excellent support material in regenerative medicine or tissue engineering, but here surface functionalization is necessary to ensure cell adhesion and proliferation. Acrylic acid (AAc) is an excellent source of carboxylic-rich (-COOH) coatings suitable for this purpose, but their multistep preparation is time-consuming. Plasma polymerization provides an excellent solution to this demanding procedure since the process of polymerization and grafting to the substrate takes place simultaneously. Here, we propose a relatively fast and effective method for AAc plasma polymerization by using a pulsed underwater diaphragm electrical discharge operated in an aqueous solution consisting of AAc. AAc layers are successfully grafted onto PP nonwovens, which are continuously rewound through the slit where the plasma is generated. The presence of plasma polymerized AAc layer in the fibrous structure of PP nonwoven was monitored by SEM, FTIR and XPS measurements. Additionally, the improved wettability and adhesion characteristics were investigated by the critical wetting surface tension (CWST) method, the standard method of strike-through time (STT) and „tape-peel“ test. Resulting AAc modified PP nonwoven possesses hydrophilic character, enhanced adhesion and a considerable amount of -COOH groups on the surface. Although after the washing test the FTIR and XPS results indicated a lower concentration of the carboxylic groups, the CWST and STT measurements confirmed the stable hydrophilic character of the PP nonwovens surface.
Epistemic Insights as Design Principles for a Teaching-Learning Module on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Barelli Eleonora , Lodi Michael , Branchetti Laura , Levrini Olivia
Published: February 2024

In a historical moment in which Artificial Intelligence and machine learning have become within everyone’s reach, science education needs to find new ways to foster “AI literacy.” Since the AI revolution is not only a matter of having introduced extremely performant tools but has been determining a radical change in how we conceive and produce knowledge, not only technical skills are needed but instruments to engage, cognitively, and culturally, with the epistemological challenges that this revolution poses. In this paper, we argue that epistemic insights can be introduced in AI teaching to highlight the differences between three paradigms: the imperative procedural, the declarative logic, and the machine learning based on neural networks (in particular, deep learning). To do this, we analyze a teaching-learning activity designed and implemented within a module on AI for upper secondary school students in which the game of tic-tac-toe is addressed from these three alternative perspectives. We show how the epistemic issues of opacity, uncertainty, and emergence, which the philosophical literature highlights as characterizing the novelty of deep learning with respect to other approaches, allow us to build the scaffolding for establishing a dialogue between the three different paradigms.
Impact of hemodialysis on efficacies of the antiplatelet agents in coronary artery disease patients complicated with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Ye Zekang , Wang Qin , Ullah Inam , Lin Qingxia , Wu Tianyu , Yang Mingwen , Fan Yuansheng , Dong Zhou , Wang Tong , Teng Jianzhen , Hua Rui , Tang Yingdan , Li Yule , Gong Xiaoxuan , Yuan Liang , Tao Zhengxian , Li Chunjian
Published: February 2024

It is controversial whether hemodialysis affects the efficacy of the antiplatelet agents. We aimed to investigate the impact of hemodialysis on efficacies of the antiplatelet agents in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients complicated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). 86 CAD patients complicated with ESRD requiring hemodialysis were consecutively enrolled. After 5-day treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel or ticagrelor, the platelet aggregations induced by arachidonic acid (PLAA) or adenosine diphosphate (PLADP), and the P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) were measured before and after hemodialysis. The propensity matching score method was adopted to generate a control group with normal renal function from 2439 CAD patients. In patients taking aspirin, the PLAA remained unchanged after hemodialysis. In patients taking clopidogrel, the PLADP (37.26 ± 17.04 vs. 31.77 ± 16.09, p = 0.029) and corresponding clopidogrel resistance (CR) rate (23 [48.9%] vs. 14 [29.8%], p = 0.022) significantly decreased after hemodialysis, though PRU remained unchanged. Subgroup analysis indicated that PLADP significantly decreased while using polysulfone membrane (36.8 ± 17.9 vs. 31.1 ± 14.5, p = 0.024). In patients taking ticagrelor, PLADP, and PRU remained unchanged after hemodialysis. ESRD patients had higher incidences of aspirin resistance (AR) and CR compared to those with normal renal function (AR: 16.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.001; CR: 48.4% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.024). Hemodialysis does not have negative effect on the efficacies of aspirin, clopidogrel and ticagrelor in ESRD patients with CAD. ESRD patients have higher incidences of AR and CR compared with those with normal renal function.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03330223, first registered January 4, 2018.
A Simulation–Optimization System to Assess Dam Construction with a Focus on Environmental Degradation at Downstream
Authors: Sedighkia Mahdi , Abdoli Asghar
Published: February 2024

The present study proposes and evaluates an integrated framework to assess dam construction and removal, encompassing the simulation of downstream river habitats and reservoir operation in three distinct statuses: conventional reservoir operation optimization, optimal release considering environmental aspects within the optimization model, and natural flow conditions. Fuzzy physical habitat simulation was employed to assess physical habitats, while an ANFIS-based model was utilized to simulate thermal tension and dissolved oxygen tension at downstream habitats. Particle swarm optimization was applied in the optimization models. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, results from the optimization system as well as habitat suitability models in the natural flow and current condition were compared using various measurement indices, including the reliability index, vulnerability index, the Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The case study results suggest that the reliability of water supply may be diminished under optimal release for environmental and demand considerations. Additionally, optimal release for the environment may not adequately protect downstream aquatic habitats. Therefore, in cases where the preservation of downstream habitats is a priority, dam removal may be a logical solution. Moreover, it is essential to acknowledge that the main limitation of the proposed method is its high computational complexity.
Toxicometabolomics-based cardiotoxicity evaluation of Thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Al Sultan Abdullah , Rattray Zahra , Rattray Nicholas J. W.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), represented by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are a class of cost-effective oral antidiabetic agents posing a marginal hypoglycaemia risk. Nevertheless, observations of heart failure have hindered the clinical use of both therapies.

Objective

Since the mechanism of TZD-induced heart failure remains largely uncharacterised, this study aimed to explore the as-yet-unidentified mechanisms underpinning TZD cardiotoxicity using a toxicometabolomics approach.

Methods

The present investigation included an untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based toxicometabolomics pipeline, followed by multivariate statistics and pathway analyses to elucidate the mechanism(s)of TZD-induced cardiotoxicity using AC16 human cardiomyocytes as a model, and to identify the prognostic features associated with such effects.

Results

Acute administration of either TZD agent resulted in a significant modulation in carnitine content, reflecting potential disruption of the mitochondrial carnitine shuttle. Furthermore, perturbations were noted in purine metabolism and amino acid fingerprints, strongly conveying aberrations in cardiac energetics associated with TZD usage. Analysis of our findings also highlighted alterations in polyamine (spermine and spermidine) and amino acid (L-tyrosine and valine) metabolism, known modulators of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a potential link to TZD cardiotoxicity that necessitates further research. In addition, this comprehensive study identified two groupings – (i) valine and creatine, and (ii) L-tryptophan and L-methionine – that were significantly enriched in the above-mentioned mechanisms, emerging as potential fingerprint biomarkers for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity, respectively.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the utility of toxicometabolomics in elaborating on mechanisms of drug toxicity and identifying potential biomarkers, thus encouraging its application in the toxicological sciences. (245 words)
Bio-mordants: a review
Authors: Benli Hüseyin
Published: February 2024

Due to the increasing pressure on environmentally friendly approaches and sustainable production processes, the textile dyeing industry has focused on natural colorants. Thus, the use of bio-mordants, which are biological materials, has become widespread as an alternative to metal salts, most of which are non-ecological, used in the application processes of natural colorants. In natural dyeing, dyers want to use mordant substances in the dyeing processes in order to both expand the color spectrum and improve the fastness properties. Conventional metal salts used in natural dyeing are made up of metallic ions, which, when released into the environment as wastewater effluent at the end of the dyeing process, cause major damage to the ecosystem. Many researchers have thought about using mordants derived from natural sources to address the environmental problem. This article is a review of the investigation of natural mordants used instead of metallic mordants in the process of coloring various textile materials with natural dyestuff sources. It has been determined that many substances, most of them herbal materials, are used as mordants. In this review, mordants, except for conventional metal salts, are examined under three main groups for a better understanding. These groups are as follows: (i) natural or bio-mordants, (ii) oil mordants, and (iii) new-generation and non-vegetable-based mordants. Here, researchers will find an overview of the most recent developments in green mordants as well as application techniques for a variety of mordants.
Substance-Related Acute Toxicity Deaths by Area-Based Characteristics: A Descriptive Analysis of a National Chart Review Study of Coroner and Medical Examiner Data
Authors: Baddeliyanage Richelle , Enns Aganeta , Vansteelandt Amanda , Abele Brandi , Kouyoumdjian Fiona , Schleihauf Emily , Pan Sai Yi , Steensma Colin , Rotondo Jenny
Published: February 2024

Over the last decade, Canada has experienced a substantial increase in people dying from substance-related acute toxicity. Examining mortality rates by area-level characteristics can identify disproportionately affected populations and inform strategies to reduce substance-related acute toxicity deaths (ATDs). Using area-based methods, this study sought to examine substance-related acute toxicity mortality rates for varying community population sizes, levels of community remoteness, and indicators of deprivation in Canada from 2016 to 2017. Age-standardized mortality rates and rate ratios were calculated and disaggregated by sex. Mortality rates were highest in mid-sized urban communities with populations of 100,000 to 499,999 residents (15.9 per 100,000 population), followed by larger cities of 500,000 to 1,499,999 (15.1 per 100,000 population). The distribution of people who died also varied by community remoteness, with the highest mortality rates observed in accessible areas (14.9 per 100,000 population), followed by very remote areas (14.7 per 100,000 population). Neighbourhoods with the highest levels of deprivation, including high residential instability, economic dependency, and situational vulnerability, experienced 1.5 to 3.2 times more ATDs compared to neighbourhoods with the lowest levels of deprivation. Reported trends were similar among males and females, with higher mortality rates for males across all area-level characteristics. This study provides novel evidence on the context surrounding deaths to inform responses to reduce ATDs in Canada and serves as an important baseline that can be used to measure future progress.
The multilocality of sense of place in ecosystem services discourse
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Sakineh , Nordberg Kenneth
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on sense of place as a cultural ecosystem service and a mediatory experience in grasping a collection of ecosystem benefits. Through phenomenological and social constructionism/relational approaches, we focus on sense of place as a relational entity at both the individual and collective levels. Using content analysis of 32 in-depth interviews with (a) environmental officials and (b) local inhabitants in the region of Ostrobothnia, Finland, the study finds that sense of place is shaped via the interactions of environmental settings and cultural practices. Here, we argue that material and non-material interactions contribute to sense of place. With a phenomenological approach, the study presents the qualities associated with places, such as tranquility, beauty, and uniqueness that are important for achieving both material and non-material ecosystem benefits, while social constructionism/relational approaches indicate that the social dimension of sense of place contributes to ecosystem service benefits through traditional cultural practices. The study also shows a shift in cultural practices from provisioning to recreation in creating meaningful places. The results highlight a multilocal dimension of senses of places, particularly in contemporary lifestyles and increased mobilities.
Separation of Li and Co From LiCoO2 Cathode Material Through Aluminothermic Reduction: Investigation of the Thermite Reaction
Authors: Nababan D. C. , Mukhlis R. , Durandet Y. , Prentice L. H. , Rhamdhani M. A.
Published: February 2024

Aluminum can be used as a reductant for metal oxide reduction processes. This study investigates the reaction between Al with LiCoO2 in the context of recycling and separation of Li and Co from end-of-life battery cathode material. Specifically, this work attempts to investigate the initiation of the ignition of the thermite reaction. Both thermodynamic assessments and experimental work were carried out on the LiCoO2-Al system in the range of 750 °C to 1020 °C with three different amounts of Al additions in the sample, i.e., 11 wt pct, 20 wt pct, and 28 wt pct. It was found that the amount of Al (composition of the sample), the sample weight, and the initial heating temperature affect the occurrence of spontaneous ignition of the thermite reaction in the system leading to the partial/full melting of the sample. A function of Biot number and temperature was utilized to construct maps showing the onset of ignition where it was found that samples with large Biot numbers tend to ignite. In addition, higher Al addition, sample mass, and temperature were likely to generate ignition. The ignition was found to govern the type of end products of Li and Co; for example, the Li was distributed to gas as Li(g) and slag as LiAlO2 while Co could be extracted as Co metal or Co-Al alloy. The 11 wt pct and 20 wt pct Al addition to the samples resulted in a pure metallic cobalt product, whereas 28 wt pct Al addition resulted in CoAl alloy with a composition of 86.1 wt pct Co and 13.9 wt pct Al. The final product of the vaporized Li was in the form of Li(OH) due to the exposure to water vapor in the atmosphere upon collection. This aluminothermic approach is considered as a promising method to recover Li and Co from waste LiCoO2.
Convincing 10-Year Follow-up Results of the Banded Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Jense Marijn T. F. , Meuwissen Nina , Galal Abdelrahman M. , De Witte Evelien , Fransen Sofie , Broos Pieter P. H. L. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Boerma Evert-Jan G.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Several studies have shown the positive effect on weight loss of the banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (BRYGB). Thus far, studies describing the 10-year post-operative results are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the weight loss results, effect on associated medical problems, and complication rates during 10 years of follow-up after BRYGB.

Method

Data were collected from patients who underwent laparoscopic BRYGB with a non-adjustable silicone gastric ring between January 2011 and March 2013. All patients were included when found to be eligible according to the IFSO criteria.

Results

One hundred forty-nine patients were included, 110 received a primary BRYGB and 39 received a conversional BRYGB. The primary BRYGB group consisted of 68% female patients with a mean BMI of 44.5 kg/m2 and a mean age of 46 years old. The conversional group consisted of 77% females and had a mean BMI of 34.8 kg/m2 and a mean age of 48 years. At 10-year follow-up, 67.1% of the data was available. Ten-year post-operative 30% total weight loss was seen in the primary group, and 7% in the conversional group. In 10 years, 23% of the patients had complications of which half were ring-related.

Conclusion

The addition of a silicon ring to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may result in substantial and stable weight loss maintenance 10 years post-operative. Furthermore, the number of patients with long-term complications was low and the number of associated medical problems was significantly reduced.

Graphical Abstract
The Stone, the Deer, and the Mountain: Lower Paleolithic Scrapers and Early Human Perceptions of the Cosmos
Authors: Litov Vlad , Barkai Ran
Published: February 2024

Evidence from the Levantine Late Lower Paleolithic sites of Jaljulia and Qesem Cave suggests that Quina scrapers, an innovation in a category of tools used mostly for butchery, emerged with changes in hunting practices. Quina scrapers were often made of non-local flint from the Samarian highlands, a home range of fallow deer populations throughout the ages. The predominance of fallow deer in the human diet following the disappearance of megafauna made scrapers key tools in human subsistence. Particular stone tools and particular prey animals, thus, became embedded in an array of practical, cosmological, and ontological conceptions whose origin we trace back to Paleolithic times. The mountains of Samaria, a source of both animals and stone under discussion, were part of this nexus. We present archaeological and ethnographic evidence of the practical and perceptual bonds between Paleolithic humans, animals, stones, and the landscape they shared.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions of Stieltjes differential equations via topological methods
Authors: Krajščáková Věra , Tojo F. Adrián F.
Published: February 2024

In this work, we use techniques from Stieltjes calculus and fixed point index theory to show the existence and multiplicity of solution of a first order non-linear boundary value problem with linear boundary conditions that extend the periodic case. We also provide the Green’s function associated to the problem as well as an example of application.
Corporate venturing in times of crisis: securing resources through legitimacy
Authors: Weniger Stefanie , Jarchow Svenja
Published: February 2024

Accelerating innovation and creating new businesses have become a top priority for today’s firms. Various corporate venturing (CV) modes have helped them achieve this goal. Yet, scholars and practitioners have noted the dynamic nature of CV initiatives that compete with other strategic initiatives for organizational resources and top management support. The fear that CV units face drastic cuts in times of crisis seems reasonable. To shed light on the resource dynamics and the CV units’ responsive actions, we conducted an abductive study with 16 CV units to analyze the CV units' response to the COVID-19 crisis that transformed the world in the spring of 2020. Our findings show that an external crisis can unsettle a CV unit’s internal legitimacy. In the adaption processes observed, we identify four different legitimacy-seeking mechanisms–adjusting, sensing, focusing, and mobilizing–used by the CV units to secure resources, support, and goodwill from relevant internal stakeholders. The mechanisms uncovered differ from previously studied strategies as they emphasize the dynamic nature of legitimation efforts. The mechanisms used are affected by the perceived organizational distress caused by the crisis and the CV unit’s pre-crisis legitimacy. Drawing on the critical role played by legitimacy in resource allocation decisions, this study allows us to better understand theoretically and practically how CV is embedded in organizational settings and how CV units can preserve internal (financial) resources.
Linking job autonomy to helping behavior: A moderated mediation model of transformational leadership and mindfulness
Authors: Pan Li , Kao Kuo-Yang , Hsu Hao-Hsin , Thomas Candice L. , Cobb Haley R.
Published: February 2024

The current study explores a psychological mechanism and boundary conditions on the relationship between job autonomy and helping behavior. Using the conservation of resources theory, we investigated whether job autonomy is related to helping behavior through mindfulness. Moreover, we tested the moderating role of transformational leadership on the direct effect of job autonomy on mindfulness and the indirect effect of job autonomy on helping behavior via mindfulness. We used two time-lagged data sets across two studies (N = 252 employees in Study 1 and N = 182 employees in Study 2) conducted in Taiwan. Study 1 supported the proposed hypotheses, and the results were replicated in Study 2, which found that job autonomy was positively related indirectly to helping behavior through mindfulness. In addition, the results of Study 2 provided additional support for transformational leadership as a moderator on the direct and indirect effects of job autonomy on mindfulness and helping behavior. Specifically, the direct effect of job autonomy on mindfulness and the indirect effect of job autonomy on helping behavior via mindfulness were stronger when transformational leadership was high compared to low.
Loquat, a non-native plant in Türkiye, is a key seasonal host in the life cycle of Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Satar Serdar , Tiring Gülsevim , Aslan Enver , Yiğit İsmail , Atakan Ekrem
Published: February 2024

The Hawaiian flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan, 1913) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of several fruit crops in Türkiye’s Mediterranean region, one of the world’s major citrus-growing regions. In this study, the population fluctuation of T. hawaiiensis and other thrips species was investigated in citrus orchards, weeds, and nearby loquat trees. Results showed significant differences in populations of T. hawaiiensis among citrus varieties. The highest population density and damage ratio of T. hawaiiensis among citrus species were recorded in lemon variety (Kütdiken). Thrips hawaiiensis was detected on Daucus carota L. and Amaranthus albus L. among weeds as well as on flowers of loquat in the sampling area. The life cycle of T. hawaiiensis switched seasonally among citrus, weed, and loquat host plants. In addition, Melanthrips pallidior (Priesner, 1919) was the predominant species on weeds in the sampling area. These data suggest that T. hawaiiensis populations may be affected by climatic variations and hosts in and around the citrus orchard. The results are important in optimizing thrips monitoring and management strategies in citrus.
An Individual-Based Spatial Epidemiological Model for the Spread of Plant Diseases
Authors: Cendoya Martina , Navarro-Quiles Ana , López-Quílez Antonio , Vicent Antonio , Conesa David
Published: February 2024

In the study of plant disease epidemics, the state of each individual in the population and their spatial location should be considered when modeling disease spread. We present a model to describe the spread of plant diseases, where the infection of a susceptible individual depends on the transmission rate of infected individuals and the spatial correlation. This latter is introduced through the Matérn correlation function, accounting for spatial dependence based on distance. Almond leaf scorch disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, was used as a case study to test the behavior of the model parameters and the variability due to the characteristics and location of initial disease introduction using a proposed simulation algorithm. The greatest variability in the results depended on the range parameter of the Matérn correlation, i.e., the distance at which two observations can be considered spatially uncorrelated, and the initial introduction. The spatial distribution of individuals also had a strong influence on disease spread, highlighting that areas without trees acted as barriers when their extent was greater than the range parameter. It should be stressed that this individual-based model can be applied to other plant diseases, adapting the parameter values to their particular epidemiological characteristics.
Sperm Preparation with Microfluidic Sperm Sorting Chip May Improve Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Outcomes Compared to Density Gradient Centrifugation
Authors: Banti Maria , Van Zyl Estee , Kafetzis Dimitrios
Published: February 2024

Does sperm preparation using the FERTILE PLUS™ Sperm Sorting Chip improve fertilization rates, blastocyst formation, utilization, and euploidy rates in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), compared with density gradient centrifugation (DGC)? A single-cohort, retrospective data review including data from 53 couples who underwent ICSI cycles within a 12-month period. For each couple, the two closest, consecutive cycles were identified, where one used the standard technique of sperm preparation (DGC) and the subsequent used FERTILE PLUS™, therefore, couples acted as their own controls. Paired samples t-test was used to compare means for the outcomes (fertilization, blastocyst formation, utilization, and euploidy rates). Binary logistic regression analysis assessed the relationship between female age, the presence of male factor infertility, and euploidy rates. Blastocyst, utilization, and euploidy rates were significantly higher for cycles using FERTILE PLUS™ compared to DGC (76% vs 56%, p = 0.002; 60% vs 41%, p = 0.005, and 40% vs 20%, p = 0.001, respectively). Although there was an increase in fertilization rates for cycles using FERTILE PLUS™, this was not significant (72% vs 68%, p = 0.449). The euploidy rates of females ≤ 35 years were significantly increased when the FERTILE PLUS™ sperm preparation method was used, compared to the older age group (OR 2.31, p = 0.007). No significant association was found between the presence or absence of male factor infertility and euploidy rates between the two cycles. This study provides tentative evidence that the FERTILE PLUS™ microfluidic sorting device for sperm selection can improve blastocyst formation, utilization, and euploidy rates following ICSI in comparison to the DGC method.
Legal Categorization of 'Transgender'
Authors: Tao Kimberly
Published: February 2024

This Element analyzes the foundational frame of legal reasoning when courts interpret the 'plain language' and 'ordinary meaning' of terms such as 'sex', 'man' and 'woman'. There is a rich and complicated line of cases on how to define these terms and how to legally categorize transgender people. When dealing with different legal issues, judges need to give a clear 'yes' or 'no', determinate answer to a legal question. Marginal categorizations could be problematic even for experts. It analyses nine decisions that relate to transgender people's workplace protection under Title VII in United States and the right to marry in United Kingdom and Hong Kong. It brings in a historical discussion of the development of interpretative practices of law and legal categorization of transgender individuals across past decades, drawing on the intricate relationship between time and statutory interpretation.
Weak Indestructibility and Reflection
Authors: Holland James
Published: February 2024

There is a balance between the amount of (weak) indestructibility one can have and the amount of strong cardinals. It’s consistent relative to large cardinals to have lots of strong cardinals and all of their degrees of strength are weakly indestructible. But this necessitates the destructibility of the partially strong cardinals. Guaranteeing the indestructibility of the partially strong cardinals is shown to be harder. In particular, this work establishes an equiconsistency between:

1.

a proper class of cardinals that are strong reflecting strongs; and

2.

weak indestructibility for (κ+2)-strength for all cardinals κ in the presence of a proper class of strong cardinals.

These have a much higher consistency strength than:

3.

weak indestructibility for all degrees of strength for a proper class of strong cardinals.

This discrepancy holds even if we weaken (2) from the presence of a proper class to just two strong cardinals. (2) is also equivalent to weak indestructibility for all λ-strength for λ far beyond (κ+2); well beyond the next measurable limit of measurables above κ, but before the next μ that is (μ+2)-strong.

One direction of the equiconsistency of (1) and (2) is proven using forcing and the other using core model techniques from inner model theory. Additionally, connections between weak indestructibility and the reflection properties associated with Woodin cardinals are discussed, and similar results are derived for supercompacts and supercompacts reflecting supercompacts.

Abstract prepared by James Holland.

E-mail: jch258@scarletmail.rutgers.edu

URL: https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~jch258/assets/dis.pdf
Ordered Groups, Computability and Cantor-Bendixson Rank
Authors: Kazmi Waseet
Published: February 2024

We study ordered groups in the context of both algebra and computability. Ordered groups are groups that admit a linear order that is compatible with the group operation. We explore some properties of ordered groups and discuss some related topics. We prove results about the semidirect product in relation to orderability and computability. In particular, we give a criteria for when a semidirect product of orderable groups is orderable and for when a semidirect product is computably categorical. We also give an example of a semidirect product that has the halting set coded into its multiplication structure but it is possible to construct a computable presentation of this semidirect product.

We examine a family of orderable groups that admit exactly countably many orders and show that their space of orders has arbitrary finite Cantor–Bendixson rank. Furthermore, this family of groups is also shown to be computably categorical, which in particular will allow us to conclude that any computable presentation of the groups does not admit any noncomputable orders. Lastly, we construct an example of an orderable computable group with no computable Archimedean orders but at least one computable non-Archimedean order.

Abstract prepared by Waseet Kazmi.

E-mail: waseet.kazmi@uconn.edu

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11134/20002:860745910
Introducing www.epidemic-em.org: A Collection of Online Resources and Training Materials for Strengthening use of Emergency Operations Centers for Epidemic Response
Authors: Banaski James A. , Govender Nevashan , Groome Michelle J. , Houser Ryan , Greiner Ashley , Krishnan Sharanya , Means Brenna , Remmel Ryan , Vélez Alvarado Ileana , Standley Claire J.
Published: February 2024

Objective:

This work aimed to demonstrate that a website, www.epidemic-em.org, encompassing “static” resources, and videos, as well as other tools, can be used to strengthen public health emergency management capacity during epidemic response.

Methods:

Existing resources were updated and developed for self-directed Emergency Operations Centers’ capacity strengthening, in order to encompass current best practices, and to emphasize how public health emergency management concepts can support epidemic response activities. These materials formed the core of the website, launched in June 2020, to which country case studies were added. In 2021, a pilot virtual training program was designed using recorded video lectures and interviews with global experts in addition to the website material, which was delivered to South African responders.

Results:

The website has been accessed in more than 135 countries, demonstrating widespread reach and interest in online and freely accessible materials to support public health emergency operations. Over 30 people participated in the pilot virtual training, and the evaluation showed improvement in knowledge, confidence in using emergency management concepts for epidemic response, and positive feedback on the virtual modality.

Conclusions:

Online tools can expand access to materials and resources for public health emergency management capacity strengthening. Virtual modalities can further serve as a powerful complement, and perhaps replacement, for traditional in-person technical assistance, despite some limitations.
Financial literacy, personal financial situation, and mental health among young adults in Sweden
Authors: Samuelsson Emma , Levinsson Henrik , Ahlström Richard
Published: February 2024

Financial literacy is today globally recognized as an essential life skill. However, many young adults have large debts due to consumption loans, and the situation in Sweden is escalating. Previous research has indicated a low financial literacy, and that the prevalence of mental illness is high within the group. In this report, we studied financial literacy, personal financial situation, and self-reported mental illness in a Swedish sample, comprising 2 057 respondents between 18 and 29 years. Our main findings indicate that financial literacy is lower than has previously been described, especially concerning knowledge about inflation. One in four reported they had consumption loans, one in three had loans to relatives, almost half of the respondents had perceived financial difficulties during the past year, and one out of ten had turned to the budget and debt advisor to receive help. Women showed lower financial literacy compared to men, indicating an important gender aspect. Our findings per se are sounding the alarm for policymakers to immediately pay attention in order to prevent the risk of becoming overindebted early in life. The present study highlights the urgent need to further study the complex relationship between financial literacy, personal financial situation, and mental illness among young adults.