bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Commensurate Semimajor Axes of Resonant Orbits Including Second-Order Gravitational Perturbations
Authors: Mabrouk Z. A. , El-Salam F. A. Abd , Owis A. , Elmahy Wesam
Published: May 2024

In this research work, the effects of perturbations due to resonant geopotential harmonics on the commensurate semi-major axis \(a_{c}^{{}}\)of the GPS orbits are being studied and analyzed. A second order approximation of the commensurate semi-major axis due to the higher zonal perturbations (up to \({J_6}\)) is obtained iteratively, starting with the unperturbed case as the zeroth-order. In the resonance cases a certain number of tesseral harmonics can produce effects of large amplitude and very long period, these important tesseral harmonics can be computed by Kaula’s resonant perturbation theory [1]. Using Lagrange’s planetary equations, the rate of change of the semi-major axis is computed. The drift rate as a function of longitudinal position is derived and plotted, revealing the existence of four roots which can be classified as stable positions at \({25.94^ \circ }\)E, \({205.9^ \circ }\)E and metastable positions at \({118.7^ \circ }\)E, \({298.7^ \circ }\)E. Motion about these stable and metastable points is investigated using the Poincare section method. The analysis reflects the existence of periodic, quasi-periodic, and even chaotic orbits in the vicinity of these points.
VoroTO: Multiscale Topology Optimization of Voronoi Structures using Surrogate Neural Networks
Authors: Suresh Krishnan , Padhy Rahul , Chandrasekhar Aaditya
Published: May 2024

ellular structures found in nature exhibit remarkable properties such as high strength, high energy absorption, excellent thermal/acoustic insulation, and fluid transfusion. Many of these structures are Voronoi-like; therefore researchers have proposed Voronoi multi-scale designs for a wide variety of engineering applications. However, designing such structures can be computationally prohibitive due to the multi-scale nature of the underlying analysis and optimization.In this work, we propose the use of a neural network (NN) to carry out efficient topology optimization (TO) of multi-scale Voronoi structures. The NN is first trained using Voronoi parameters (cell site locations, thickness, orientation, and anisotropy) to predict the homogenized constitutive properties. This network is then integrated into a conventional TO framework to minimize structural compliance subject to a volume constraint. Special considerations are given for ensuring positive definiteness of the constitutive matrix and promoting macroscale connectivity. Several numerical examples are provided to showcase the proposed method.
Vegetative propagation of Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae), Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don (Combretaceae) and Piliostigma thonningii Schumach. (Fabaceae) by cuttings: Effects of rooting media and indole-3-butyric acid concentration
Authors: Kabonesa Bernadette , Byakagaba Patrick , Mwavu Edward Nectar , Tumwebaze Susan Balaba , Buyinza Joel
Published: May 2024

The aim of the current study was to examine the propagation potential of woodland tree species in Uganda. Specifically, the study assessed the rooting of stem cuttings of Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae), Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don (Combretaceae) and Piliostigma thonningii Schumach. (Fabaceae) under different rooting media and Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). Three rooting media (pine bark, soil-sand and sand) and different concentrations of Indole-butyric acid (IBA) plant growth hormone were considered. Data on rooting, number of roots, root length and root collar diameter were collected. Rooting of C. collinum was highest when treated with IBA and propagated in soil-sand or sand medium while that of C. molle and P. thonningii in soil-sand medium when the cuttings were not treated with IBA. The highest number of roots of C. collinum and C. molle was when they were treated with IBA and propagated in soil-sand or pine bark or sand medium while P. thonningii when the cuttings were not treated with IBA and propagated in soil-sand or sand.The highest root length of the C. collinum, C. molle and P. thonningii was achieved when cuttings were treated with IBA and propagated in sand. The highest root collar diameter of C. collinum and C. molle was when cuttings were treated with IBA and propagated in pine bark while of P. thonningii when cuttings were not treated with IBA and propagated in soil-sand. Propagation of these three species ought to take into consideration the interaction between rooting medium and growth hormone.
A Blended Variationally Consistent Phase Field Material Point Method for Material Fragmentation Problems
Authors: Tangade Harshal , Huang Tsung-Hui , Rodriguez Cameron
Published: May 2024

The material point method (MPM) can effectively addresses material fragmentation issues over mesh-based method due to its meshfree nature but faces numerical inaccuracies such as cell-crossing instability and Galerkin inexactness inherent in its numerical framework. The utilization of previously developed variational consistent (VC) corrections with smooth reproducing kernel (RK) approximations has proven effective in preventing cell-crossing and ensuring Galerkin exactness, albeit limited to continuum bodies. In this study, we present a blended variationally consistent phase field material point method for modeling material fragmentation process. The phase field damage method is integrated into MPM to facilitate the tracking of damage/cracks during the fragmentation process. The incorporation of VC correction alongside smooth RK approximation offers benefits not only for non-oscillatory stress modes but also for robust phase field evolution. To address the complexities of VC in handling domain boundary tracking during fragmentation, we introduce a deformation-driven blending scheme to seamlessly blend non-VC for fragmented regions and VC for continuous domains with a smooth transition zone in the Galerkin MPM. This approach enhances the stability and robustness of the formulation for simulating fragmentation problems. Benchmark examples involving extreme deformation scenarios illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed MPM framework, confirming its consistency and stability.
Effect of Hereditary Thrombophilia on the Clinical Severity of Covid-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Arslan Büşra Babahanoğlu , Argüder Emine , Ceylan Gülay Güleç , Tekdemir Halil , Hasanoğlu Canan
Published: May 2024

Aim: COVID-19 disease continues to pose a significant global challenge. Endothelial damage, imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis, vasculopathy, excessive cytokine release, and immunothrombotic mechanisms can be observed in COVID-19 disease. Severe coagulopathy is predominanant in COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hereditary thrombophilia on the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases previously diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and presented to the COVID-19 follow-up clinic were included in the study. Cases were categorized into outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up groups based on clinical severity. Information regarding the period of COVID-19 pneumonia for the included patients was retrospectively obtained from hospital records. One tube of blood sample was collected from each case to assess the presence of hereditary thrombophilia and stored at +4°C. Subsequently, thrombophilia panel including Factor II (FII) 20210 G>A (Prothrombin), Factor V (FV) 1691 G>A (Leiden), MTHFR 677 C>T, MTHFR 1298 A>C, and PAI-1 4G/5G studies were performed.
Results: The age of cases ranged from 27 to 84 years with a mean age of 57.04 ± 12.68 years. 37% (n=37) of the cases were male, and 63% (n=63) were female. 65% of cases had comorbidities. In all cases except one, hereditary thrombophilia was observed (Factor V-Leiden heterozygosity 16%, prothrombin heterozygosity 7%, PAI-1 4G/4G mutation 19%, PAI-1 4G/5G mutation 48%, MTHFR 677 heterozygosity 45%, MTHFR 677 homozygosity 6%, MTHFR 1298 heterozygosity 42%, MTHFR 1298 homozygosity 14%). There was no statistically significant difference in the characteristics of hereditary thrombophilia among cases based on clinical severity (p>0.05). However, when the patients were grouped according to outpatient and inpatient (inpatient + ICU) treatment, PAI-1 4G/5G mutation was found to be statistically significantly higher in the inpatient treatment group [X2=12.00, p<0.05].
Conclusion: Almost all cases of COVID-19 pneumonia included in our study were found to have at least one hereditary thrombophilia. Furthermore, a significant difference in PAI-1 4G/5G mutation was observed between outpatient and inpatient (inpatient + ICU) cases. However, the presence of hereditary thrombophilia did not differ among the groups. This may be attributed to the limited number of cases included in the study and its retrospective nature. Nevertheless, demonstrating this association may suggest a potential link between hereditary thrombophilia and COVID-19 pneumonia.
Multi-criteria decision-making based on the combination of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information and ORESTE method
Authors: Li Jian , Niu Li-li , Chen Qiongxia , Wang Zhong-xing
Published: May 2024

As an important extension of hesitant fuzzy sets, interval-valued hesitant fuzzy sets (IVHFSs) show the flexibility of decision makers (DMs) in expressing hesitant information. Accordingly, numerous research findings have been provided since the introduction of IVHFSs. However, a few important issues in IVHFS utilization remain to be addressed. To do this, this study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method based on the combination of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information and the method of the French organization Rangement et Synthese de Ronnees Relationnelles (ORESTE). First, the shortcomings of generalized normalized Hamming distance for interval-valued hesitant fuzzy elements (IVHFEs) in previous studies are discussed. Subsequently, several novel distance measures and a possibility degree formula are developed. Meanwhile, the proofs of the properties are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed distance measures and possibility degree formula. Second, an MCDM method based on the combination of interval-valued hesitant fuzzy information and the ORESTE method is developed. Lastly, an MCDM problem of identifying the optimal bidding schemeis presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Acomparative study with other methods is conducted with an identical illustrative example.
A Cross Sectional Study in Indian Adult Population to Assess the Internet Addiction and its Effect on the Quality of Sleep
Authors: Pandey Shilendra
Published: May 2024

In contemporary society, the internet has become an integral aspect of daily life, alongside a concerning rise in internet addiction characterized by an overwhelming compulsion to engage with online activities. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent among the youth population in India, leading to various physical, mental, and emotional challenges. Despite its widespread impact, internet addiction has yet to be officially recognized as a disorder in diagnostic manuals like the DSM. A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning 80 studies across 31 countries revealed a global prevalence of internet addiction at 6%. In the Indian context, a study sponsored by the Indian Council of Medical Research surveyed 2,755 adults aged 18-65, identifying a prevalence rate of approximately 1.3%. Examining a sample of 303 adult participants in India, it was found that 33.3% exhibited signs of internet addiction, with 1.7% classified as severely addicted, 10.2% as moderately addicted, and 20.8% as mildly addicted. Notably, the majority of severely addicted individuals were in the 26-35 age group, while addiction rates were higher among males compared to females [1, 2]. Furthermore, analysis revealed a correlation between internet addiction and poor sleep quality, affecting 22.6% of addicted individuals, particularly males aged 18-25 and 26-35. These findings underscore the urgent need for further research and interventions to address the growing issue of internet addiction and its associated health impacts.
Percepción sobre el cuidado de enfermería en lactancia materna a madres en postoperatorio de cesárea
Authors: Molina Sánchez Liliana , Vásquez Gil Irina María , Cuellar Ortiz Jhonayda
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: determinar la percepción sobre el cuidado de enfermería en el proceso de lactancia materna en madres en postoperatorio de cesárea que se encuentran en alojamiento conjunto en el área de gineco-obstetricia de una institución prestadora de salud de Neiva, año 2021. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, en el cual se tomó una muestra de 115 madres postoperatorio de cesárea que se encontraban en alojamiento conjunto en el área de gineco-obstetricia en una institución prestadora de salud de Neiva, año 2021. Se aplicó el cuestionario Percepción de Comportamientos de Cuidado Humanizado de Enfermería (PCHE) 3ra versión. Resultados: en su mayoría, las madres tenían una percepción favorable del cuidado de enfermería brindado en el proceso de lactancia materna.  Casi la mitad de las madres sentían que recibían un trato respetuoso y apreciaban cualidades como la proactividad y el apoyo emocional en el cuidado de enfermería durante la lactancia. Aunque el 47% valoró la comunicación abierta con el personal de enfermería, existe una preocupación significativa sobre la falta de espacios adecuados para el diálogo en el entorno hospitalario. Conclusión: el cuidado humanizado fue percibido a través de la comunicación al momento de brindar información en relación a su salud, por cualidades propias del hacer de enfermería. De este modo, la labor de enfermería se enmarca en un reconocimiento “gratificación-satisfacción” por parte de las madres y su binomio madre-hijo. Las madres perciben  sentimientos de tranquilidad y confianza con su cuidado.
Arsenic removal by layered double hydroxides (LDH): A mini review
Authors: Turk Tugba , Boyraz Taha , Alp İbrahim
Published: May 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified arsenic as the most toxic chemical with carcinogenic effects and WHO has established a value of 10 μg/L arsenic as the maximum contaminant level for arsenic in potable water. High selectivity and high removal capacity are one of the most important factors when choosing an adsorbent. Hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite-like compounds have received much attention for the remediation of As-contaminated waters. The most interesting properties of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) include a large surface area and high anion exchange capacity. In this study, the importance of double-layered hydroxides, which has gained importance with the increasing environmental pollution recently, in removing oxyanion pollutants from water has been emphasized. This review article focuses on LDH synthesis and characterization techniques and arsenic removal potential using LDHs, as well as the safe consumability of water obtained after removal. In this review, various factors such as pH, dosage, and temperature that affect oxyanion adsorption on LDHs are discussed. The reusability of LDHs has been discussed. In addition, it has been investigated whether double-layer hydroxides (FeHT) could be used successfully in the removal of arsenic from polluted waters. It was also discussed whether the adsorbent used was safe for health.
The utility of electrode-assisted ammonia oxidation under strict anaerobic conditions
Authors: Kimura Zen-ichiro , Hirata Erika
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of electrode-assisted ammonia oxidation and subsequent nitrite accumulation within an anaerobic microbial fuel cell (MFC). Our study focused on determining whether these processes could be effectively maintained in a strictly anaerobic environment, which would be critical for advancing nitrogen removal technologies in wastewater treatment. Although we demonstrated electrode-assisted ammonia oxidation and nitrite accumulation, the expected dominance of these reactions within the system was not achieved. In contrast, ammonia assimilation appeared to be the prevailing nitrogen removal pathway under our experimental conditions. The study did not identify the specific microbial communities responsible for these processes, however, illustrates an important area for future research. Our findings enhance the current understanding of nitrogen cycling in anaerobic MFCs and demonstrate the need for improved strategies to enrich nitrifying bacteria and optimize electrode-assisted nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment.
DEMANDAS DE CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA EM UMA REGIÃO DE ACESSO REMOTO
Authors: Azevedo Eliane Araújo de , Lopes Amanda Forster
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição neuropsiquiátrica complexa que afeta o desenvolvimento da comunicação, da interação social e do comportamento das crianças. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de atendimentos nutricionais e as principais demandas identificadas de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista em uma região de acesso remoto. Metodologia: Este estudo adotou uma abordagem descritiva, especificamente do tipo relato de experiência a partir dos atendimentos realizados pela Liga Acadêmica de Nutrição e Saúde Coletiva. Resultados: Foi observado que a seletividade alimentar, os distúrbios gastrointestinais e o excesso de peso são desafios comuns enfrentados pelas crianças com TEA nessa região. Aspectos que se tornam ainda mais desafiadores frente à dificuldade de acesso a tratamentos especializados, ainda mais no âmbito interdisciplinar e multiprofissional. Conclusões: O acompanhamento nutricional adequado é essencial para atender às necessidades individuais e melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas crianças. Diante das limitações identificadas na região, são necessários esforços contínuos para encontrar soluções que garantam uma assistência inclusiva e eficaz às crianças com TEA no interior do Amazonas. A colaboração entre instituições, a sensibilização da comunidade e o fortalecimento da rede de saúde local são cruciais para promover uma abordagem abrangente e de alta qualidade para essas crianças e suas famílias.
Palavras-Chave: Transtorno do Espectro Autista, atendimento nutricional, abordagem interdisciplinar, interior do Amazonas, desafios.
The Regulation of Selenoproteins in Diabetes: A New Way to Treat Diabetes
Authors: Liang Jing , He Yiwen , Huang Chunxia , Ji Fengjie , Zhou Xihong , Yin Yulong
Published: May 2024

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis and function of selenoproteins,
most of which are enzymes involved in maintaining oxidative balance in the body. Diabetes is a group of
metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. There are
three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This review summarizes recent advances
in the field of diabetes research with an emphasis on the roles of selenoproteins on metabolic disturbance in diabetes.
We also discuss the interaction between selenoproteins and glucose and lipid metabolism to provide
new insights into the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Photochemical Reactions of Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Echemendía Radell , Capellaro Kauê C. , Burtoloso Antonio C.B.
Published: May 2024

Photochemical reactions offer unparalleled opportunities to access elusive chemical
pathways and develop innovative strategies for constructing complex molecules. Within
organic synthesis, photochemical reactions have become indispensable tools for accessing
complex molecular structures, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products. The ability of
sulfur ylides to participate in these diverse processes has made them indispensable tools in
the synthetic chemist's toolbox. The use of sulfur ylides in photochemical transformations
has garnered significant attention in the synthetic organic chemistry community, and they
serve as powerful intermediates in several chemical transformations. This review article
presents a comprehensive overview of the photochemical reactions mediated by sulfur
ylides. Herein, we describe the key aspects of the reactivity of sulfur ylides in the presence
of light. The reactivity of these compounds can be classified into three categories: sulfur
ylides as energy acceptors, as electron donors, and as trapping reagents.
Protective Effect of Prunetin on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction
in Wistar Rats via Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Liu Rui , Hussain ShaikAlthaf , Maddu Narendra , Wang Xuening
Published: May 2024

Background:

The development of MI following ischemia damage is influenced by
oxidative stress. Myocardial Infarction (MI) generates myocardial ischemia injury, which damages the cardiomyocytes. Ischemia builds up to a critical level over time in MI, causing permanent myocardial cell damage or death.

Aim:

The current study sought to determine whether Prunetin (PRU) could protect against Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac heart failure in rats by examining cardiac diagnostic markers,
lipid peroxidation products, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, and histological
changes.

Methods:

PRU (20 mg/kg bwt) was orally administered for 19 days to rats, and after the treatment, ISO (85 mg/kg bwt) was subcutaneously administered with an intermission of 24 h for a
couple of days to induce myocardial infarction on 20th and 21st days. ISO-treated rats exhibited
considerable alterations in cardiac-sensitive markers in the serum. The levels of lipid peroxidation markers augmented drastically in the plasma and myocardium. Enzymatic antioxidant levels
in erythrocytes and myocardium and the states of non-enzymatic antioxidants were diminished in
the plasma and heart tissue of ISO-treated rats. The histopathological examination of heart tissue
exhibited cardiac damage in ISO-induced rats.

Results:

The oral administration of PRU significantly lowered the levels of lipid peroxidation
and biochemical indicators, while significantly improving the antioxidant system function of
ISO-interposed rats. In PRU-treated ISO-injected rats, histological examinations revealed suppressed myocardial destruction.

Conclusion:

Our research shows that oral pretreatment of PRU prevented ISO-induced oxidative
stress in MI.
Nanotechnology Integrated Innovative Drug Delivery and Therapy for
Cancer
Authors: Macadangdang Romulo R. , Agrawal Rutvi , Bhushan Bharat , Garg Akash , Singh Kuldeep , Kumar Shivendra , Kumar Atul
Published: May 2024

Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to enhance the efficacy and specificity of therapeutic interventions while minimizing
adverse effects on healthy tissues. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue in cancer
treatment, offering novel strategies for targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticles, liposomes, and
polymer-based systems have played pivotal roles in revolutionizing cancer therapy. Nanotechnology possesses unique physicochemical properties, enabling efficient encapsulation of therapeutic agents and controlled and prolonged release at tumour sites. Advancement in formulations using nanotechnology has made it possible to make multifunctional systems that respond
to the microenvironment of a tumour by releasing payloads in response to changes in pH, temperature, or enzymes. Stimuli-responsive polymers can release drugs in response to external
cues, enabling site-specific drug release and minimizing systemic exposure. This review explores recent studies and preclinical trials that show how nanoparticles, liposomes, and polymerbased systems could be used to treat cancer, discussing challenges such as scalability, regulatory
approval, and potential toxicity concerns along with patents published recently
Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases among US States from 1990-2019
Authors: Abughazaleh Saeed , Obeidat Omar , Tarawneh Mohammad , Al-Ani Hashim , Nawaiseh Ahmad Al , Ismail Mohamed F.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of global mortality, including
in the United States. Understanding the burden of IHD in the United States is crucial for
informed decision-making and targeted interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality
associated with this leading cause of death. This study aimed to understand the burden of IHD,
identify gender disparities and risk factors, explore the relationship between socioeconomic
growth and IHD, and analyze risk factor distribution across the states of the United States.

Methods:

This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, which provided
comprehensive information on IHD from 1990 to 2019. Data related to IHD from these years
were extracted using a query tool from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
website. The study assessed the relationship between IHD and socioeconomic development using
the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and measured the overall impact of IHD using Disability-adjusted
Life Years (DALYs), considering premature death and disability. Additionally, the study analyzed
the burden of IHD attributed to six main risk factors. Data analysis involved comparing prevalence,
mortality, SDI, DALYs, attributable burden, and risk estimation among the states.

Results:

Between 1990 and 2019, there was an improvement in socioeconomic development in all
states. Age-standardized rates of disease burden for IHD decreased by 50% [ASDR 3278.3 to
1629.4 (95% UI: 1539.9-1712.3) per 100,000] with the most significant decline observed in Minnesota.
Males had higher burden rates than females in all states, and the southeast region had the
highest mortality rates. The prevalence of IHD showed a declining trend, with approximately 8.9
million cases (95% UI: 8.0 million to 9.8 million) in 2019, representing a 37.1% decrease in the
Age-standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) from 1990. Metabolic risks were the leading contributors
to the disease burden, accounting for 50% of cases, with Mississippi having the highest attributable
risk. Arkansas had the highest attributable risk for high cholesterol and smoking. Conversely,
Minnesota had the lowest burden of IHD among all the states.

Conclusion:

This study highlights variations in the burden of IHD across US states and emphasizes
the need for tailored prevention programs to address specific risk factors and gender differences.
Understanding the trend in IHD may inform policymakers and healthcare professionals in
effectively allocating resources to reduce the burden of IHD and improve national health outcomes.
Development of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Classification Chemometric
Model for Routine Screening of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Aspirin
Adulteration in Herbal Products
Authors: Theodore Mario , Vongsutilers Vorasit
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to develop and validate a routine screening test
for the determination of three common antipyretic-analgesic synthetic drugs (paracetamol, ibuprofen,
and aspirin) adulteration in herbal products using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform
Infrared (ATR-FTIR) coupled with chemometric method.

Methods:

ATR-FTIR spectra of sixteen testing sets of herbal product samples for pain and fever indications
were used for multivariate chemometrics model construction. Linear Discriminant Analysis
(LDA) was selected as a method for model construction with IBM SPSS for statistical analysis.
Model development employed feature selection, such as the stepwise method for variable selection.
The model with a high %correct classification and cross-validation was selected and was
then validated with an independent testing data set with an auto-prediction test, confusion matrix,
and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. To validate the developed test for routine
use, the result from ATR-FTIR method was compared with the standard HPLC and TLC analyses
used for adulteration screening.

Results:

The selected model's overall %correct classification result was 97.7%, with a cross-validation
of 93.8% rate in training set samples. External validation with an independent testing dataset
gave an overall correct classification of 93.8%, with an area under the curve of ROC at
0.979. Comparative testing revealed that model performance was comparable with the HPLC and
TLC methods, which routinely detect the presence of paracetamol, aspirin, and ibuprofen. The results
of testing set samples classification were consistent with training set samples.

Conclusion:

Against the standard chromatographic methods, the multivariate chemometric model
based on ATR-FTIR demonstrates comparable detection capability to determine adulteration of
paracetamol, ibuprofen, and aspirin in herbal products.
Application and Development of Targeted Fishing Technology in Natural
Product Screening - A Simple Minireview
Authors: Su Yingying , Wang Weiping , Wang Ying , Wang Chen , Sun Shuai , Zhu Xianhong , Dai Xiao , Li Shiyu , Gao Xun , Qin Kunming
Published: May 2024

Background:

The screening of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine is an
important task in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, and the commonly used analytical
means in the past were mainly to screen the extracts of traditional Chinese medicine
through pharmacological experiments, but the method has major defects. The target fishing strategy
provides a new idea for the screening of active ingredients, and it has rapidly become a hot research
direction, but there are many methods that need to be summarized and aggregated.

Objective:

It aims to provide readers with an understanding of the achievements, developments,
and dilemmas of target fishing techniques over the past few years and to provide new ideas for
subsequent research.

Methods:

Research articles in recent years using target fishing as an entry point are used as a basis
to summarize the types of literature based on their principles and characteristics and to discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Conclusion:

This paper summarizes the classification and development of fishing techniques such
as ultrafiltration, equilibrium dialysis, cell membrane chromatography, and immobilization of target
molecules and target fishing and describes the principles and characteristics of these methods.
The applications of these methods in the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are
summarized, and the problems and solutions of these methods are discussed.
The Emerging Role of ADAM 12 Regulates Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Activating the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Chengchen , Wang Jian , Xiang Jianqin , Wu Chunrong , Wang Fan , Chen Jiangyan , Sun Guiyin , Xiang Debing
Published: May 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the expression and regulatory
mechanisms of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12 (ADAM12) in colorectal cancer
(CRC) tissues and cells.

Methods:

Download and analyze the expression levels of ADAM12 in the TCGA and GSE68468
datasets. Collect paraffin-preserved specimens from the Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital
from April 2017 to December 2019 and detect the expression of ADAM12 through immunohistochemistry.
Cell experiments were conducted using colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116),
and cells with high expression of ADAM12 were selected for silencing experiments, and cell proliferation
ability using CCK-8, and migration ability of cells in each group using scratch assay and
Transwell invasion assay. The EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Twist) and the
Wnt/β-catenin markers (β-catenin, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, C-MYC, MMP-7) were detected using
western blot. We construct a nude mouse CRC tumor model and validate the effect of ADAM12
on EMT and Wnt/β-catenin through immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Results:

Bioinformatics showed that increased expression of ADAM12 was strongly correlated
with patient prognosis. Immunohistochemistry showed that elevated ADAM12 was associated
with vascular invasion (p < 0.05), neurological invasion (p < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (p <
0.01), and TNM staging (p < 0.001). Experiments on cell function revealed that the ADAM12
overexpression group augmented CRC cells' proliferation and migration. After overexpression of
ADAM12, the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Twist increased, while the expression of
E-cadherin decreased (p < 0.01). The expression of Proteins related to Wnt/β-catenin: β-catenin,
p-GSK-3 β, C-MYC and MMP-7 increased (p < 0.01), and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor MSAB can
counteract the effect of ADAM12 on EMT in CRC cells. The subcutaneous tumor formation experiment
results in nude mice showed that ADAM12 promoted tumor growth and induced EMT
compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

ADAM12 overexpression through the Wnt/β-catenin signal axis controls the EMT of
CRC to promote invasion and metastasis.
CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing: A Novel Approach Towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Tripathi Siddhant , Sharma Yashika , Rane Rajesh , Kumar Dileep
Published: May 2024

:

In defiance of the vast amount of information regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) that
has been learned over the past thirty years, progress toward developing an effective therapy has
been difficult. A neurological ailment that progresses and cannot be reversed is Alzheimer's disease,
which shows neurofibrillary tangles, beta-amyloid plaque, and a lack of cognitive processes that is
created by tau protein clumps with hyperphosphorylation that finally advances to neuronal damage
without a recognized treatment, which has stimulated research into new therapeutic strategies. The
protein CAS9 is linked to CRISPR, which is a clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic
Repeat that inactivates or corrects a gene by recognizing a gene sequence that produces a doublestranded
break has enchanted a whole amount of interest towards its potency to cure gene sequences
in AD. The novel CRISPR-Cas9 applications for developing in vitro and in vivo models to the benefit
of AD investigation and therapies are thoroughly analyzed in this work. The discussion will also
touch on the creation of delivery methods, which is a significant obstacle to the therapeutic use of
CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By concentrating on specific genes, such as those that are significant early-
onset AD risk factors and late-onset AD risk factors, like the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene,
this study aims to evaluate the potential application of CRISPR/Cas9 as a possible treatment for AD.
Guideline Adherence as an Indicator of PET Scan Overuse in an Italian Teaching Hospital: An Observational Study
Authors: Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Mauro Marianna , Catalfamo Barbara , Giancotti Monica , Muraca Roberta
Published: May 2024

Background:

Evidence of inappropriate overuse and underuse of medical procedures
has been documented in modern healthcare systems around the world. Excessive use of health
services can contribute to a rapid increase in healthcare costs and harm the patient physically
and psychologically; conversely, underuse can lead to the inability to provide effective treatments
when clinically indicated.

Objective:

The study's aim is twofold: a) to measure the appropriateness of PET prescription in
a cohort of patients, offering empirical evidence of overuse of health care services; b) to evaluate
how the overuse of PET could affect public health expenditure and, consequently, the system's
financial sustainability.

Methods:

In this observational study, we have analyzed prospectively and retrospectively health
patient records who underwent 18F-FDG PET/TC scan at the Nuclear Medicine Department of
the University Hospital Mater Domini in Catanzaro (Italy) from 29/09/2022 to 10/02/2023. Patients’
diagnostic questions have been defined as appropriate, not completely appropriate and
completely inappropriate according to the 18F-FDG PET/CT recommendations defined by the
“Conditions of Supply and Indications of Prescriptive Appropriateness of Italian NHS (National
Health Systems)” published in the Official Gazette no. 15 of 20 January 2016 (Decree 9 December
2015) and by the AIMN (Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine) guidelines.

Results:

We gathered data from 500 oncological patients (242 males and 258 females). The results
show that 423/500 of patients' prescriptions were appropriate, while 77/500 of patients'
prescriptions were completely inappropriate (63/77) or not completely appropriate (14/77).

Conclusion:

Analysis showed a not complete adherence to national guidelines and no shared
decision-making approach.
Investigation of Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Properties for Subgrade Improvement using Marble Dust Waste
Authors: Hafiz Harith , Kechik Fakhrurazi Awang , Ibrahim Aniza , Taib Aizat Mohd , Hasbollah Dayang Zulaikha Abang , Dan@Azlan Mohd. Firdaus Md
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The distribution of suction, which has implications for seepage and shear strength, plays a crucial role in determining the stability of unsaturated soil. The Air Entry Value (AEV) and Residual Water Contents (RWC) change over time to create the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), which is very important for figuring out how the suction is distributed. During a flood occurrence, the subgrade becomes inundated with water, leading to adverse effects on the AEV and RWC of the subgrade. Consequently, the performance of the subgrade is diminished. This study focuses on the use of Marble Dust Waste (MDW) as an addition to the subgrade to improve the strength of the subgrade.

Aims

This study aims to investigate the variations in air AEV in relation to the optimal MDW in unsaturated soil found in Malaysia.

Methods

The study uses control samples and soil that has been mixed with different amounts of MDW: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The SWCC is generated using the pressure plate extractor device.

Results

The results indicate a significant increase in the AEV for the mixed soil sample when compared to the control sample. While the soil-MDW mixture containing 5% of this material has an AEV value of 23 kPa, the control sample's value is 10 kPa.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggest that the utilization of MDW yields a beneficial influence on the AEV, hence potentially improving the performance of the subgrade. The researchers aim to evaluate the potentially dangerous waste and convert it into a substance that is appropriate for engineering applications. This study provides empirical evidence that aligns with the objectives outlined in Chapter 8 of the 12th Malaysia Plan for the period 2021–2025. The topic under discussion pertains to environmental sustainability, specifically focusing on enhancing the ability to withstand the adverse effects of climate change and disasters, as well as the Green Technology Master Plan Malaysia 2017–2030, with a specific emphasis on Chapter 6, which addresses the issue of waste management.
The Reporting Quality and Risk of Bias of Randomized Controlled Trials
in Traditional Persian Medicine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Norouzi Mojtaba , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Kkarimiafshar Maryam
Published: May 2024

Objective::

This study aimed to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials
(RCTs) in the field of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) by utilizing specific checklists and
the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tools (RoB 1.0 and RoB 2.0).

Methods::

RCTs in the field of TPM were analyzed in a systematic review between 2018 and
2022. Quality assessment was performed using CONSORT 2010, CONSORT extensions,
RoB1.0 and RoB 2.0.

Results::

Out of 1112 primary retrieval articles, 139 were eligible for quality assessment. The
mean scores of multi-arm studies and trials of herbal medicine interventions, according to CONSORT
extensions, were 1.47 ± 0.66 and 1.48 ± 0.61 out of 2. Based on RoB 2.0, two-thirds of
the studies were assessed as "high risk" and "some concerns". The highest risk and most concerns
were related to outcome measurement and randomization process, respectively. The lowest
mean score was related to the methods section. Reports on drug and herbal interventions were
insufficient, and the scores of key items, such as randomization implementation and allocation
concealment, were less than one.

Conclusion::

The reporting style of a considerable number of the TPM randomized controlled
trials, especially in methodology, is a point of concern. The utilization and adherence to CONSORT
extensions can be effective in improving the methodological quality of these studies and
enhancing the credibility of the obtained results.
Delayed PTSD Prevalence in Road Traffic Crashes: A Systematic
Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Salehi-Pourmehr Hanieh , Sabahi Zahra , Pashazadeh Fariba , Tahmasbi Fateme , Aletaha Reza , Kashtkar Mahsa , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

This systematic review evaluated the prevalence of delayed posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) following road traffic crashes (RTC).

Materials and Methods:

The sample was RTC survivors, and PTSD was assessed by clinician-
administered measures for at least six months (in line with DSM-V standards).

Results:

The search resulted in 10089 unique records. Fourty-three studies were eligible to
be included in the systematic review. Of these, 29 papers were related to the clinicianadministered
measures, and the rest were on self-reported cases. The total prevalence of
PTSD was 13.5%. Delayed PTSD is common in RTC survivors either 60 months after the
accident. Hospitalized patients were more prone to developing disorders.

Conclusion:

The surveyed countries' demographics demonstrate the differences between
them, necessitating a greater focus on survivors in those countries and financial assistance
for their populations' therapeutic and social needs.
De novo Designing of the Antimicrobial Peptide as a Curative Agent for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus through a Computational Approach
Authors: Sinoliya Priyanka , Solanki Pooran Singh , Niraj Ravi Ranjan Kumar , Sharma Vinay
Published: May 2024

Background:

The emergence of resistance to multiple drugs has posed a
multitude of difficulties that demand immediate attention and solutions. Multiple drug
resistance arises from the accumulation of numerous genes within a single cell, each
conferring resistance to a specific drug, and from the heightened expression of genes
responsible for multidrug efflux pumps. These pumps effectively expel a diverse array
of drugs from the cell.

Objective:

The multi-drug-resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus, are the hub of numerous diseases, from minute ailments to fatal diseases,
like catheter infections. Nowadays, a combination of many antibiotics is given
together as a multimodality therapy to cure MRSA infections. However, researchers
are exploring novel approaches to find better solutions.

Methods:

De novo designing of the peptide sequences has been done through an in
silico tool. The peptides were further screened using different computational methods.
Following this, the selection was conducted utilizing physicochemical properties as
criteria. Molecular docking of the selected peptide sequence was carried out. Based on
the highest docking score, the model complex was chosen for validation purposes by
conducting studies through molecular dynamics simulations.

Results:

A total of fifty-two novel antimicrobial peptides were designed and evaluated
based on various parameters, targeting MRSA-specific proteins PBP2a and PVL toxin.
Among these designed peptides, the peptide sequence VILRMFYHWAVKTNGP
emerged as the optimal candidate, satisfying all the necessary parameters to be an effective
antimicrobial peptide.

Conclusion:

Molecular docking and MD simulation results showed that the designed
peptide sequence could be the possible solution for MRSA treatment.
Natural Dental Bleaching Agents
Authors: Essam Mona
Published: May 2024

Nowadays, bleaching is one of the most common procedures in aesthetic
dentistry. When comparing bleaching to other treatment options for vital teeth
whitening such as crowns or ceramic laminates, it proved to be more conservative.
Bleaching is not only a well-established technique but also provides effectiveness and
patient satisfaction. Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are the active
components used for bleaching. Although bleaching is a well-tolerated method, some
patients still report sensitivity during and after bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide is
considered the main agent responsible for this hypersensitivity. The bleaching effect is
the result of the oxidation reaction of the tooth pigments by means of the hydrogen
peroxide molecules. Serious damage to the pulp tissue can be the result of the
reaction’s by-products reaching the pulp. The deleterious effect of the bleaching agents
is not only on the pulp but also on the gingival tissues and bone, where bone
inflammation and resorption have been reported. Therefore, efforts have been made to
obtain effective tooth bleaching with less or no harmful effects on enamel, pulp, and
oral mucosa and with no contraindications. Natural alternatives to peroxide bleaching
have been mentioned in the literature. These alternatives can produce an oxidative
reaction and stain removal effects, without deleterious outcomes. Natural products give
us some certainty about non-cytotoxic biological behavior, resulting in little or no
harmful effects. Also, the organic acids present in raw fruits have demonstrated the
ability to maintain or improve the color of the teeth. Therefore, the development of new
tooth-bleaching agents based on natural products with comparable aesthetic results and
minor side effects would be beneficial.