bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Breakages of Reinforcing Elements of a Composite Orthotropic Stay Rope on Its Stress-Strain State
Authors: Belmas Ivan , Kolosov Dmytro , Onyshchenko Serhii , Bilous Olena , Tantsura Hanna , Antonova Kateryna
Published: December 2024

The purpose of research is to justify a calculation method for a stay rope of composite fiber structure with a breakage in fiber continuity. Research methodology is in constructing and solving a deformation model of a composite fiber stay rope with continuity breakage of one of its fibers. The calculation method of a stress-strain state of a stay rope of composite fiber structure considering the breakage of one of its fibers is established. The scientific novelty of research is in determining that the length of manifestation of a local disturbance of a stress-strain state of composite stay rope is proportional to a square root of a ratio of tensile modulus of a reinforcing element material and shear modulus of an elastic material that connects them. The practical value of the research is in that the calculation method allows reasonable prediction of a tractive capacity loss of a stay rope as a result of breakage of any of its reinforcing elements. The known value of residual tractive capacity allows reasonable selection of a safety margin for a stay rope, which ensures a sufficient level of reliability of a cable-stayed bridge.
Characterizations of Some Selected Clay Types for Cost Effective Wastewater Treatments
Authors: Aluvihara Suresh , Kalpage C.S. , Chauhan Bhupendra Singh
Published: December 2024

Water pollution poses a significant challenge to water consumption, particularly in relation to drinking purposes. Various factors such as industrial discharge, improper waste management, waste build-up, and natural activities contribute to the contamination of water bodies. Adequate water treatment plays a crucial role in the preservation of water quality and compliance with environmental regulations. The treatment process typically involves the application of physical, chemical, and biological techniques, with a common reliance on chemical substances and intricate systems. Recent studies have increasingly explored the utilization of cost-efficient natural materials for water treatment, highlighting benefits like affordability, user-friendliness, health advantages, and widespread availability. This particular investigation aimed to assess the suitability of selected natural substances for the treatment of wastewater, focusing primarily on methods like adsorption, absorption, and filtration. A number of earth materials, notably three distinct types of clays prevalent in Sri Lanka, were singled out for examination. The findings unveiled that these clays predominantly consist of over 75% iron in their mineral composition, with certain samples displaying finer particles to enhance porosity and permeability. These raw materials exhibit potential for the fabrication of wastewater treatment systems intended for the elimination of suspended particles, dissolved solids, heavy metals, pathogens, oils, and toxic compounds. Their distinct chemical properties render them appropriate for catalytic reactions and advanced chemical processes
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 28 % High Chromium White Cast Iron
Authors: Batkhuu Purevdorj , Purvee Ariunbolor , Purevdorj Temuulen , Kelgenbai Khavalbolot
Published: December 2024

The chemical composition of the metal and carbide phase, hardness, and common mechanical properties of cast iron, ICH28H2 cast iron, a type of high-chromium white cast iron, and the dependence of hardening, annealing, and tempering process types were studied. Therefore, annealing and hardening heat treatments were employed, and the results were compared to measurements in the as-cast state. The metal matrix exhibited content within the range of 16.8% to 19.7% Cr and 71.9% to 76% Fe, while the carbide phase showed 63.4% to 64.7% Cr and 23% to 24.8% Fe. The Cr carbide in high Cr white iron primarily appeared as (Fe, Cr)7C3 type, leading to the calculated chemical formula of the eutectic carbide as (Fe2Cr5)C3. The as-cast white iron displayed a hardness of 53 HRC, which increased marginally to 56.2 HRC after hardening. This suggests that the 28% Cr white iron alloy does not exhibit a significant hardness enhancement compared to the cast state, attributed to its high Cr content. The hardness of the metal phase directly influences the overall hardness change of the alloy, while the carbide hardness is dependent on its Cr content. Abrasive wear studies revealed that 28% Cr white cast iron exhibited superior wear resistance in the as-cast state compared to the hardened state, aligning with research indicating that cast iron demonstrates optimal wear resistance in its cast state.
Athletic Training Educators’ Perceptions and Integration of Digital Health
Authors: Winkelmann Zachary K. , Games Kenneth E. , Annaccone Adam R. , Wilkerson Gary B.
Published: December 2024

Context

Digital health represents a transformative shift in health care, emphasizing patient-centric outcomes over mere technological advancements. Digital health tools include artificial intelligence, telehealth, augmented or virtual reality, wearables and sensors, and electronic health records to enhance patient care and outcomes. However, challenges persist in preparing future health care providers for this evolving landscape, particularly in athletic training programs.

Objective

To explore current trends in integrating digital health tools within professional athletic training programs. Specifically, we assessed educators’ teaching practices related to digital and computer skills, their anxiety toward technology, and the incorporation of digital health tools in both classroom and clinical settings.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

One hundred twenty-eight athletic training educators from Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs.

Data Collection and Analysis

Between February 2024 and April 2024, participants completed an online survey that explored teaching practices, technology anxiety using the Abbreviated Technology Anxiety Scale, and integration of digital health tools. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results

Findings indicated that a significant portion of educators needed to be teaching foundational computer literacy or digital health equity. Most participants expressed low to mild technology anxiety. Although educators are open to adopting digital health tools, only 45% had previous preparation in digital health, suggesting a need for formal faculty training in this area. Despite this, there was a high level of interest in integrating digital health tools into curricula, though uncertainty remained about expanding Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education standards related to digital health.

Conclusions

The study highlights a gap between the rapid advancement of digital health technologies and the current educational practices in athletic training programs. Enhanced instructional strategies and continued professional development focused on digital health tools are needed to prepare future providers. Addressing these gaps will ensure that emerging technologies are effectively integrated into athletic training education and future patient care.
Coalitions and citizen centricity in South Africa: The more things change, the more they stay the same
Authors: Nzewi Ogochukwu I.
Published: December 2024

No abstract availalble.
Exploring the Effects of Tomatidine ((3β, 5α, 22β, and 25β)-Spirosolan-3-ol) on Voltage-gated Na+ currents: Insights Into Its Ionic Mechanisms of Action on Current Magnitude, Gating, and Frequency Dependence
Authors: Lin Tso-Lin , So Edmund Cheung , Wu Sheng-Nan
Published: December 2024

Tomatidine, a major tomato glycoalkaloid, is effective for the prevention of skeletal muscle wasting and enhancing mitophagy. However, its effects on transmembrane ionic currents are not well explored. In this study, we explored the interactions between tomatidine and Na+ current. GH3 or Neuro-2a cells were used for recording the ion currents employing modified patch-clamp technique under whole-cell configuration. Tomatidine increased both the peak, (transient Na+ current [I
Na (T)]) and sustained (late Na+ current [I
Na (L)]) components of voltage-gated Na+ current (I
Na) in a concentration-dependent manner, with the concentration required for 50% stimulation values of 43.3 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively. The steady-state current-voltage relationship of I
Na (T) remained unchanged; however, the steady-state inactivation curve of I
Na (T) in the presence of 3 μM tomatidine was shifted to less depolarized potential by around 6 mV. Tomatidine enhanced the window I
Na (window Na+ current [I
Na (W)]), which were attenuated by the ranolazine (Ran) and carbamazepine (CBZ). During a train of depolarizing pulses, tomatidine slowed the exponential decay of I
Na (T), and this effect was reversed by Ran or dapagliflozin. Tomatidine increased both fast and slow recovery time constants from I
Na (T) block, affecting the recovery time course. Tomatidine increased the amplitude of persistent Na+ current in response to a sinusoidal waveform. In neuro-2a cells, tomatidine increased I
Na (T) amplitude and slowed its inactivation, with this effect being attenuated by Ran or CBZ. In conclusion, tomatidine enhanced magnitude and modified its gating behaviors.
Fungal Scleral Abscess
Authors: Dudani Ajay Indur , Dudani Anadya A. , Dudani Krish , Dudani Anupam A.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

This case describes an uncommon case of postoperative fungal infection of Sclerocorneal tunnel after complicated phacoemusification with vitreous loss. The patient was a diabetic with chronic renal failure which predisposed him to fungal infection dure to immune compromised status.
A Droplet in the Eye – A Case of Silicon Oil in Anterior Chamber
Authors: Lavanya GS , Khadia Anjali
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

We present a case of 12 year old child with defective vision in right eye since 1 month. She had underwent RD surgery 1 year back following which cataract surgery and later developed posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Here we discuss the most common post-operative complication in post-vitrectomized eye in our case.
Correlation of serum Vitamin D levels and disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study from North India
Authors: Malhan Shreya , Kaur Loveleen , Kaur Maninder , Chopra Dimple , Gupta Sharang , Kaur Snehdeep
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory relapsing, and remitting skin condition with a profound impact on the quality of life of the patient as well as the caregivers. Although its pathogenesis is multifactorial, Vitamin D is now postulated to play a complex and multifaceted role in the development and progression of AD.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

This study was designed to determine the serum levels of Vitamin D in children with AD and to establish a correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and disease severity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of dermatology of a tertiary care hospital in North India over a 1-year period. Two hundred children clinically diagnosed with AD were enrolled in the study. Disease severity was determined according to the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and Vitamin D levels were estimated by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique on the blood sample taken from the study participants.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of AD among the pediatric patients visiting our dermatology outpatient department was 8.12%. The mean age of the study participants was 4.18 ± 3.88 years (ranging from 4 months to 16 years), and the majority of the children (74%) were <5 years of age. As per the SCORAD index, mild disease was noted in 99 (49.50%) children, followed by moderate disease in 81 (40.50%) and severe disease in 20 (10%) children. The majority of the children, i.e. 165 (82.5%) had low levels of serum Vitamin D, of which 149 (74.50%) had insufficient levels, whereas 16 (8%) had deficient levels. Sufficient Vitamin D levels were present only in 35 (17.50%) children with AD. In the study sample, there was a highly significant inverse correlation (r = -0.772, P = 0.001) between the SCORAD index and serum Vitamin D levels. It was found that a higher SCORAD index was associated with lower serum Vitamin D levels among children with AD.

CONCLUSION:

Thus, Vitamin D supplementation could open a new corridor for the treatment of severe and resistant AD.
From Swelling to Resolution: Percutaneous Polidocanol Injection for Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Management in a 14-Year-Old Female
Authors: Anwer Adnan , Chowdhry Madhav , Harun Faisal , Aziz Mohd Hadi , Adnan Mohd. , Ansari Mohd Owais
Published: December 2024

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign, locally destructive lesion occurring mostly in the metaphyseal region of long bones. While traditionally this condition was managed operatively, an increasing number of cases are now being managed using percutaneous sclerosant due to their numerous advantages including ease of administration and patient acceptance. In this case report, we present the case of a 14-year-old female who presented to us with swelling over her left proximal arm, which was diagnosed to be a case of ABC and subsequently managed using percutaneous polidocanol injection.
Bridging Bone Gaps: An Accelerated Approach to Nonunion Healing with Dual Corticotomy and Trifocal Osteosynthesis—A Case Report
Authors: Khan Abdul Qayyum , Abbas Mohammad Baqar , Khurana Shivank , Thelakkadan Abdul Rafi , Biswas Chinmay , Sudarsan Akash
Published: December 2024

Open tibial diaphysis fractures carry a high risk of infection and present significant surgical challenges, particularly in cases of infected nonunions. This case report details the successful treatment of a 25-year-old female patient who experienced an open segmental tibial fracture due to a motor vehicle accident. Initially, she underwent wound debridement and internal fixation; however, she later developed a chronic infected nonunion that resulted in severe functional limitations and ongoing infection. The surgical approach utilized the Ilizarov technique, which involved extensive debridement, sequestrectomy, and trifocal osteosynthesis. After applying the Ilizarov apparatus and performing dual corticotomy, distraction osteogenesis was initiated to address bone defects and restore limb length. Throughout her treatment, the patient adhered well to the regimen and was closely monitored, ultimately achieving successful bone union and improved function. This case underscores the effectiveness of the Ilizarov technique for managing complex infected tibial nonunions, highlighting its importance in controlling infections, facilitating fracture healing, and maintaining joint function. The outcomes support the use of Ilizarov external fixators as a practical solution for challenging tibial nonunion cases, despite the discomfort associated with the device.
Healthcare workers’ perspectives on Ayushman Bharat Yojana in Kashmir: Insights for policy and practice
Authors: Nabi Shahroz , Ayub Taha , Khan S. Muhammad S. , Pandit Mohammad Iqbal , Haq Inaamul , Qurieshi Mariya Amin
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

In India, the Ayushman Bharat Program aims to provide comprehensive healthcare coverage to underprivileged communities, guided by the 2017 National Health Policy and aligned with Sustainable Development Goals. This study explores healthcare workers’ perspectives on the implementation, impact, and challenges of Ayushman Bharat Yojana (ABY) in Kashmir, focusing on primary care services.

Methods:

A mixed-methods study was conducted over ten months (October 2020 to August 2021) across ten districts in Kashmir. Fifty healthcare professionals, including 30 mid-level healthcare providers (MLHPs) and 20 medical officers, participated in semi-structured interviews and completed structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data.

Results:

Demographics: Among the respondents, 64% were under 30 years, and 56% were female. Positions included 40% medical officers and 60% MLHPs. Qualitative Findings: Both MLHPs and medical officers had varying levels of awareness about ABY. Key challenges included inadequate infrastructure, staffing shortages, additional duties, and long commutes. Effective communication and collaboration between MLHPs and medical officers were deemed crucial for successful implementation. Ongoing training and support were highlighted as essential needs. Quantitative Findings: Significant issues included irregular payments (66.6% MLHPs reported receiving regular incentives), staffing shortages (50% medical officers), and lack of training (35% medical officers). Common ailments managed included hypertension (33.33%) and infections (26.66%).

Conclusion:

The study highlights the challenges and insights from healthcare workers regarding the ABY program in Kashmir. Addressing infrastructure deficiencies, improving communication, and providing ongoing training and financial stability are essential for enhancing the program’s effectiveness. Policymakers must consider these findings to improve healthcare delivery and ensure the sustained success of the Ayushman Bharat initiative.
Clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast India
Authors: Natung Tanie , Devi Oinam S. , Thangkhiew Lanalyn , Paul Subhankar
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

To determine the clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast (NE) India.

Methods:

In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, detailed clinical evaluation of patients with manifest strabismus was carried out for a period of one and half years.

Results:

Out of the 7222 new outpatient department attendances, a total of 110 new patients with manifest strabismus were found, with a hospital-based burden of 1.52% [95% confidence interval: 1.3–1.8]. Comitant strabismus was seen in 84.55%, and incomitant in 15.45%. Exotropia comprised 70%, esotropia 26.36%, hypertropia 10%, and hypotropia 2.72%. The angle of deviation was large in most of the participants (69.09%) with a mean of 34.90 ± 17.08 PD for horizontal and 13.29 ± 8.97 PD for vertical deviations. A cause of strabismus could be identified in 30.91%. Paralytic strabismus was seen in 15.45%, sensory in 11.82%, infantile in 1.82%, and accommodative in 1.82%. Amblyopia was found in 5.45%. In our study, 25.45% patients underwent strabismus surgery, while 74.55% patients either needed conservative management or were being worked up for surgery till the end of this study.

Conclusion:

This study determined the pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of NE India. Since the institute caters to patients from different states of NE India, this study gives an indirect picture of the burden of strabismus of the whole of NE India. It is hoped that these data will aid in determining the overall burden of strabismus in the country. They will also help the family medicine and primary care physicians to have an idea about the burden and pattern of strabismus in the community, thus enabling them to create awareness about strabismus, remove the undue apprehensions of patients, and do timely referrals for treatment and prevent irreversible visual loss.
Quality of life among geriatric population living with functional disabilities: A comparison between urban and rural populations of West Bengal
Authors: Hazra Aritraa , Majumdar Sukanta , Mukherjee Shuvankar , Paul Avijit , Bhattacharyya Nabanita
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Global elderly population’s growth is evident, with projections reaching 2 billion by 2050, while India’s geriatric population is expected to rise to 11.6% by 2026. Disparity in quality of life (QOL) and disabilities between urban and rural elderly exist, where rural elderly maintain active roles, while urban counterparts face economic insecurity post retirement.

Aims:

The study explores QOL differences among geriatric individuals with functional disabilities.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study conducted among geriatric populations from urban Dhapa and rural Khalia, who were surveyed. The sample size was 100 for both urban and rural areas. Data collection involved interviews with predesigned, pretested, semistructured schedules. Systematic random sampling was used for participant selection.

Result:

Among the study populations, 64% and 62% were male population, 63% and 76% were from general caste, 43% and 42% were in the age group of old to very old (70–79 years), 41% and 26% were gainfully employed, 18% and 96% were belonging to lower-middle to lower socioeconomic class in urban and rural areas, respectively. The study revealed 28% urban and 49% rural study population and 28% were disabled. While assessing QOL, statistically significant differences were found in the environmental domain and social relationship domain.

Conclusion:

Around 1/3rd in urban areas and nearly ½ in rural regions were disabled. Older individuals, Muslim community, general caste, and lower socioeconomic class were predicting factors. Physical, psychological, and social-relationship domain scores were higher among rural population, and the environmental domain mean score was higher among the urban populations.
Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Rathore Aniruddha , Dhankar Mukesh , Mukherjee Sharmila B. , Sharma Suvasini , Shukla Shailaja , Mandal Piali
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathy (using nerve conduction studies (NCS)) in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia aged between 5 to 18 years and to study its correlation with chronic anemia, ferritin levels, chelation status, annual transfusion requirement, deficiency of serum Vitamin B12, and Folate levels.

Methods:

In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 100 eligible children were enrolled in a tertiary care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. Neurological examinations focusing on peripheral neuropathy followed by NCS were performed on all the patients. Age-wise cutoff values outside of 2.5 SD of normal were taken as abnormal.

Results:

None of the children had clinical features of peripheral neuropathy, although 77% had abnormalities in NCS. Of these, 33% had pure motor nerve changes, 7% had pure sensory nerve changes, 1% had abnormal F responses, and 26% had mixed nerve changes. These changes correlated significantly with chronic anemia and duration of iron chelation but not with other factors.

Conclusion:

In children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia who do not exhibit any neurological signs or symptoms, however, it is not uncommon to observe abnormal NCS at an average hemoglobin (Hb) level of less than 9.5 g/dl. Further comprehensive case-control studies are necessary to determine if a more specific Hb target range of 9.5 to 10.5 g/dl is appropriate and to investigate the potential impact of chelation therapy on these changes.
Prevalence and demographic distribution of anaemia among those visiting a teaching hospital located in tribal predominant block of Jharkhand: Retrospective record based analysis
Authors: Chellamuthu Vasanth , Chelladurai Srinivasan , Venogopal Vinayagamoorthy , Ray Bhagyasri , Sharanabasappa S , Kalyani Vasantha C. , Patra Satya
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anaemia is a major public health concern in developing countries, with cases increasing rapidly among women, young girls, and children under age 5.

Aims:

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and to identify the age and gender distribution of anaemia among those attending IPD/OPD of a teaching hospital located in the tribal block.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at a multispecialty tertiary care hospital in tribal predominant area, Jharkhand, India. A retrospective, chart-based study design was adopted to achieve the objectives. All inpatient case records available from the Department of Laboratory Medicine and the electronic hospital information system of the institute were reviewed between January 1, 2021, and January 31, 2024.

Result:

A total of 15004 reports were screened for detecting anaemia, of them 7095 (47.3%) were males and 7909 (52.7%) were females. The overall prevalence of any grade of anaemia was found in 6579 (43.8%; 95% CI: 43.1–44.6). Univariate logistic regression analysis to predict status of anaemia among study participants showed the odds of being anaemic was 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.2–2.1) higher among those with age >60 years compared to those who were in the age group of 1–4 years. Females had 2.3 times (95% CI: 2.2–2.5) higher odds of having anaemia than males.

Conclusion:

This study shows that half of the patients attending hospital are anaemic and the burden increases as the age increases and highest among elderly >60 years. The results of our secondary data analysis should contribute to better screening and identifying the cases among people attending the hospital and also could aid planning services at the primary care level.
Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with tubercular myocarditis and shock in an adolescent child
Authors: Yadav Dinkar , Gathwala Geeta , Saxena Anita , Bhalla Kapil
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Involvement of the heart in children with tuberculosis (TB) generally affects the pericardium; however, the myocardium of a child being affected alone and leading to systolic heart dysfunction has rarely ever been reported. We report a case of a 12-year-old child who presented to Pediatric Emergency Services with severe hypotension (BP <5th percentile for the age) and was subsequently diagnosed with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, with an ejection fraction of less than 15%. During the hospital stay, after an exhaustive workup, the child was diagnosed with pulmonary TB with tubercular myocarditis. The child was managed with anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) and was followed up regularly for monitoring of ejection fraction with echocardiography. The LV systolic function improved, with the ejection fraction increasing to 55%-60% at 3 months. The child is still on regular follow-up, has completed 6-month course of ATT, and is doing well.
A systemic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination drives in LICs, LMICs, UMICs, and HICs: Preparedness for future pandemics
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Sarkar Manali , Unnithan Vishnu B. , Martínez Daniel J. G. , Arlettaz Maximiliano E. , Gnanaraj Ramya , Júarez M Miguel F. , Panchawagh Suhrud , Abhishek Kumar , Agrawal Poonam , Kaushal G. P. , Mbwogge Mathew , Morales Yurkina F , Alnaasan Muhannad , Kozum Reem , Pisfil-Farroñay Yhojar , Reddy Asmitha P. , Shukla Rushikesh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems. Vaccination is an effective strategy to battle the disease. Policies and distribution frameworks have varied widely across countries. The paper aims to highlight the global vaccination trends in these nations, based on their economic classification, which will illuminate key takeaways that will allow for better pandemic management policies.

Methods:

A list of the most populated countries across each income slab was drawn up, and information on their vaccination campaigns was collected from national government portals and official health department websites of these countries in a structured manner. Data collected for the attributes was qualitatively described and converted into binary responses for quantitative analysis. ANOVA test, Chi-square test, and regression models were employed.

Results:

A consistent decreasing trend was noted in the percentage of the population vaccinated as the spectrum from higher-income countries to lower-income countries was traversed for all dose statuses. Fewer types of vaccines were available in the lower-income countries. Though compliance with the CDC vaccination strategies guide was largely noted, a linear regression univariate analysis of vaccination drive parameters carried out for single-dose vaccination yielded statistically significant results for medical provider vaccine standardization (P-value = 0.002), vaccination requirements (P-values <0.001), and provider recommendation. (P-values <0.001) Vaccine hesitancy was not dependent on economic status.

Conclusion:

Concerted global initiatives like vaccine donation would assist efforts in mitigating disease spread. Prompt busting of baseless anti-vaccine narratives and strengthening healthcare infrastructure to meet national requirements should be given due importance.
Family adoption programme implementation feedback from undergraduate medical students in Almora: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Preeti  , Kanubhai Thakkar Hemaben , Dhapola Vikram Singh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The Family Adoption Programme (FAP) aims to provide a learning opportunity to Indian medical graduates towards community-based health care. This study describes the perspective of medical undergraduate students towards the FAP implementation at the government medical college in Almora.

Methods:

An observational study was conducted on the students of phases I and II in the government medical college, Almora, on the hurdles and facilitators of FAP via Google Form. Out of 199 students, 193 filled out the form, which was eligible for evaluation. A brief orientation was conducted on the FAP as recommended by the National Medical Commission of India, which was followed by sensitization of the students to the FAP proforma. Periodic FAP visits were planned for students along with their assigned mentors at the selected nearby three villages. During these visits, students interacted with the families, and details regarding the health profile of the family were documented. Students wrote reflections on FAP visits in the log book which were reviewed by faculties. Gibbs reflective cycle was also applied among the students who were allotted families for better understanding.

Results:

A total of 199 students were enrolled in FAP, and out of those, 193 submitted feedback through a Google link. Overall, the experience was graded as good (53.6%), while 35.4% responded that it was excellent.

Conclusion:

Better implementation of FAP needs planning, intersectoral co-ordination, good sensitisation, and training activities for field staff, faculty and the community.
Prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk Kyrgyzstan population as compared to Indians − An Indo-Kyrgyz cardiometabolic study
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Mohan Shilpi , Hossain S. A. , Shah Stuti , Konat Ashwati , Shah Komal , Mehta Shubh , Tavethia Jonsi Jayantkumar , Sarvaiya Jeel Narendra , Joshi Saumya , Shah Karan , Patel Dhruv Rakeshkumar , Patel Shlok
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most prevalent causes of mortality worldwide, especially significant in low- and middle-income countries. Kyrgyzstan and India represent such nations that face a huge burden of CVD-related deaths globally. Understanding the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in these populations is critical for effective prevention and management strategies.

Methods:

This is a multicentric, observational study where we compared the prevalence of CVRFs in high-risk populations from Kyrgyzstan and India. Data was collected from established ASCVD patients attending cardio-metabolic clinics at tertiary care centers between December 2021 and December 2023. Demographic characteristics and CVRFs, which encompassed diabetes, hypertension, lipid profile parameters, tobacco consumption, etc., were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between the cohorts.

Results:

A total of 1552 individuals (772 from Kyrgyzstan, 750 from India) were studied. The Kyrgyzstan cohort had a significantly higher mean age and a greater proportion of females compared to the Indian cohort. The prevalence of tobacco consumption, hypertension, and diabetes was significantly higher in Kyrgyzstan than in India. Lipid profile analysis revealed greater level of LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol in the Kyrgyzstan cohort. Conversely, triglyceride levels were lower in Kyrgyz individuals. The Kyrgyzstan cohort also demonstrated better left ventricular systolic function compared to the Indian cohort.

Discussion:

Our study highlights significant differences in the prevalence of traditional CVRFs between high-risk populations in Kyrgyzstan and India. Higher rates of tobacco consumption, hypertension, and diabetes in Kyrgyzstan signify the immediate need for targeted interventions to address these modifiable risk factors. Targeted public health programs focusing on these lifestyle modifications and efficacious management of CVRFs are crucial to reduce the burden of cardiovascular deaths in both countries.
Benign eyelid lesions and its histopathological picture: A case-series
Authors: Kumari Shalini
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Our prospective case series evaluates the clinical feature, histopathological picture, and treatment of benign eyelid lesions in a tertiary referral setting. Participants were first nine patients referred to the author with unilateral eyelid swelling. Main outcome measures were clinical features, histopathological picture, and response to surgical intervention. Benign eyelid lesions in our case series were epidermal inclusion cyst, giant conjunctival inclusion cyst, epidermoid cyst, dermoid cyst, intradermal nevus, dermal nevus, apocrine hidrocystoma, capillary hemangioma, and lobular capillary hemangioma. The histopathological diagnosis of eight lesions were consistent with their respective clinical diagnosis, while one lesion was misdiagnosed. Surgical excision was done in all cases. One case underwent revision surgery for complication. This series highlights the importance of achieving higher diagnostic accuracy with thorough knowledge of clinical features and subsequent confirmation with histopathological analysis.
Assessing the mask-wearing habit as a contributing factor for COVID-19–associated mucormycosis
Authors: Saini Bhawna , Gupta Ambika , Bisla Suman , Kumia Komal , Shukla Shubhangi , Yama Kime
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Association of mask-wearing habit and mucormycosis.

Context:

During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an absurd surge in cases of mucormycosis. COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) was found to be associated with the presence of diabetes, use of systemic steroids, prolonged use of masks, and others. The improper use of masks was proposed to be treacherous.

Methods and Material:

A case–control study was planned in which the patients coming to the dental OPD over a period of 6 months were asked to fill out a questionnaire validated by experts.

Results:

A total of 100 participants were included in the study. Out of 100 patients, 43 opted for surgical/N95 masks, whereas others were seen using different fabric mass. Mask-wearing habits are not a contributing factor for CAM. (P value > 0.005).

Conclusions:

Such studies give us an idea of the impact of hygiene habits on infectious diseases, further studies are required on a larger sample.
Effectiveness of a video-assisted teaching program on menstrual cup usage among women (18–45 years age group) in selected colleges of Patna
Authors: Prasanna K. Lakshmi , Jha Sangam , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Rani Jyoti
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Menstrual cups are a sustainable alternative to traditional menstrual products, yet their usage remains low in many regions. In India, only 0.3% of women use menstrual cups, representing a lack of knowledge and a negative attitude towards the use of menstrual cups. This study aimed to promote menstrual cup usage and develop the right attitude among women (18–45 years old) in selected colleges in Patna.

Material and Methods:

One group pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental study was conducted in selected colleges in Patna with a nonrandomized convenient sampling technique employed to select 100 participants. The intervention consisted of a 30-minute video session on menstrual cup usage, and a structured questionnaire administered pre- and post-intervention to assess knowledge and attitudes.

Results:

Post-intervention analysis showed a significant increase in knowledge and positive attitudes towards menstrual cup usage. The video-assisted teaching program was found effective in enhancing knowledge regarding menstrual cup usage, as evidenced by the mean knowledge score, which improved from 7.25 + 1.89 to 8.40 + 1.43, as well as the attitude mean score, which improved from 32.14 + 8.50 to 33.91 + 7.88.

Conclusion:

The video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced knowledge and positively influenced attitudes toward menstrual cup usage among women in the targeted age group. This suggests that similar educational interventions could be beneficial in promoting sustainable menstrual hygiene practices. Many participants suggested that if it is added through government schemes, it will be more valuable in promoting the adoption of menstrual cups among women.
Perceptions of healthcare workers on implementing the 2022 WHO verbal autopsy instrument in rural India through the existing public health system
Authors: Tripathi Stuti , Gupta Shefali , Sharma Sandeep , Nair Saritha , Menon Geetha , Gulati Bal Kishan , Yadav Jeetendra , Chalga Manjeet Singh , Rao Chalapati , Sharma Saurabh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cause-of-death (CoD) information is crucial for health policy formulation, planning, and program implementation. Verbal Autopsy (VA) is an approach employed for the collection and analysis of CoD estimates at the population level where medical certification of cause of death is low and, secondly, for integrating it with the existing public health system by utilizing the grassroots level workforce.

Objective:

The study aims to understand the field perspectives on implementing the 2022 WHO VA instrument in rural India through the existing public health system.

Methods:

This article is derived from a qualitative arm of study that was conducted in one of the blocks of Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. Frontline health workers (FHWs), as well as Medical Officers (MOs) serving in the Community Health Centre (CHC) area, were selected as study participants. A 5-day training and orientation workshop was conducted to train the FHWs to conduct computer-assisted personal interview VA using the 2022 WHO VA instrument. MOs have been trained to assign the CoD via Physician-Certified VA (PCVA). In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with FHWs involved in conducting VA and physicians involved in conducting PCVA within the field practice area.

Results:

A total of 13 IDIs were conducted, consisting of 10 FHWs and 3 MOs, within the selected CHC area of Ghatampur. Based on the responses received, five major themes were identified. Although VA is being used to collect CoD information from the community in India through a Sample Registration Survey (SRS), the key findings suggest that this activity could be scaled up by utilizing the existing public health system. However, additional manpower may be required for constant monitoring and evaluation of the program. Incentivization of FHWs would aid in the timely completion of VAs and coordination with local and higher health authorities.

Conclusion:

The perception of healthcare workers about the feasibility and acceptability of VA in this study highlighted some of the challenges and possible solutions that could aid in developing a comprehensive model to improve CoD information at the population level through the existing public health system.
The impact of nebivolol in inducing first-degree heart block
Authors: Thampy Alin Abraham , Kurien Sara , Thomas Ashna Anna
Published: December 2024

First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block is a type of heart block where the electrical impulses travel more slowly than normal through the AV node. This condition is usually asymptomatic and can only be identified with a prompt electrocardiogram (ECG). Tablet nebivolol is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug used to treat high blood pressure. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing the heart rate. However, it can also cause first-degree heart block, which is a delay in the electrical signals traveling through the heart. This delay can be seen on an ECG as a longer PR interval. Here, we describe a rare occurrence of first-degree heart block induced by tablet nebivolol.
Ichthammol-induced maculopapular rash and itching in a pediatric patient
Authors: Kaur Japjeet , Joseph Girish , Kaur Prabhjot , Bhatti Neena , Badyal Dinesh K , Sharma Chetan
Published: December 2024

Ichthammol ointment is a sulfur-containing ointment which is used for the treatment of lower limb leg ulcerations and skin conditions such as atopic eczema and dermatitis. It has been in use for centuries as a topical ointment. The most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with ichthammol use is skin irritation. This case was collected from the pediatric outpatient department as a part of the Pharmacovigilance elective under the Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, which is an ADR Monitoring Centre. The patient developed skin rashes and itching as adverse reactions to ichthammol and the medication was promptly discontinued to address the symptoms. The Naranjo’s score was 5 (probable) and the causality assessment showed a probable correlation of the current ADR with the suspect product. There are very few studies from India that have shown such reactions. Hence, this case study is rare and worth reporting to raise awareness of the same.
Node-Alive Index Driven Redundancy Elimination for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bomnale Archana , More Avinash
Published: December 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) generate correlated and redundant data. This redundancy increases energy consumption during transmission and aggregation, which reduces the network lifespan. Eliminating data redundancy using appropriate data aggregation mechanisms in the dynamic environment is challenging. To address these issues, we designed the Data Aggregation with Redundancy Removal (DARR) protocol and implemented it in two phases. In Phase I, the DARR protocol identifies redundant nodes by calculating the spatial distance between the adjacent nodes. Over time, nodes may run out of energy and stop working after continuously sensing, aggregating, and transmitting the data. The dead nodes can obstruct data forwarding to intermediate nodes, so it is important to check periodically whether the nodes are alive or dead. The periodic time check identifies the status of each node, allowing the protocol to focus only on active nodes. It sets redundant nodes to sleep, which conserves network energy. In Phase II, the protocol reduces data redundancy at the source nodes using temporal correlation between data measurements. We enhanced the DARR protocol by incorporating a High Compression Temporal (HCT) mechanism, which further reduces data redundancy. Simulations show that the DARR protocol reduces data transmissions by 24% and lowers network energy consumption by up to 31% by eliminating redundant data at both the network and node levels.
Performance Specification, Anti-Seize Thread Compound, High Temperature – Molybdenum Disulphide; Graphite Only
Authors:   AMS M Aerospace Greases Committee
Published: December 2024

The foundation specification (AMS3050) and this category specification (AMS3050/4) cover anti-seize greases conforming to the requirements but using the anti-seize ingredient Molybdenum Disulphide; Graphite only.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate, 6.3Cu - 0.30Mn - 0.18Zr - 0.10V - 0.06Ti, Alclad 2219-T31; Sheet, Solution Heat Treated and Cold Worked, Alclad 2219-T351; Plate, Solution Heat Treated and Stress Relieved
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.020 to 0.499 inch (0.51 to 12.67 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness alclad two sides (see 8.5).
La religión en el campo de batalla: ritualidad, creencias y espacios sagrados en el emirato nazarí de Granada (1232-1492)
Authors: Villaverde-Moreno Javier
Published: December 2024

La religión islámica en al-Andalus nazarí (1232-1492) es uno de los componentes fundamentales de la identidad, la cultura y la ideología de una sociedad replegada y amenazada por varios frentes. La desaparición de los imperios norteafricanos entre los siglos XI y XIII da paso un periodo de férrea resistencia que protagoniza el Emirato Nazarí de Granada. En ese marco particular, las diferencias con el enemigo infiel se subrayan por medio de la religión. El clima de efervescencia cultural, religiosa y espiritual encuentra en el yihad a una de las prácticas más genuinas y reafirmadoras de la identidad islámica durante el periodo nazarí. En este trabajo, observaremos los diferentes vértices de sacralidad que caracterizaron las creencias, prácticas y rituales de la lucha contra el infiel en el último estado andalusí. Para ello, realizamos el análisis de fuentes árabes del periodo nazarí (siglos XIII-XV) con especial atención a los episodios bélicos narrados y los tratados jurídicos de yihad.
Perceived Information Revisited II
Authors: Ito Akira , Ueno Rei , Homma Naofumi
Published: December 2024

Previous studies on deep-learning-based side-channel attacks (DL-SCAs) have shown that traditional performance evaluation metrics commonly used in DL, like accuracy and F1 score, are not effective in evaluating DL-SCA performance. Therefore, some previous studies have proposed new alternative metrics for evaluating the performance of DL-SCAs. Notably, perceived information (PI) and effective perceived information (EPI) are major metrics based on information theory. While it has been experimentally confirmed that these metrics can give the attack success rate (SR) for DL-SCAs, their theoretical validity remains unclear.
In this paper, we propose a new theoretically valid performance evaluation metric called latent perceived information (LPI), which serves as an alternative to the existing metrics. LPI is defined as the mutual information between the output of the feature extractor of a neural network (NN) model and the intermediate value, representing the potential attack performance of the trained model. First, we prove that LPI provides an upper bound on the SR of a DL-SCA by modeling and formulating DL-SCA as a communication channel. Additionally, we clarify the conditions under which PI and EPI theoretically provide an upper bound on the SR from the perspective of LPI. For practical computation of LPI, we present two methods. One utilizes the Kraskov (KSG) estimator, a common mutual information estimator, and the other is based on logistic regression. While the KSG estimator is computationally intensive, it yields accurate LPI values. In contrast, the logistic regression is faster but provides a lower bound for LPI. Through experimental attacks on AES software and hardware implementations with masking countermeasures, we demonstrate that the LPI values estimated by these two methods are significantly similar, indicating the reliability and soundness of our proposed estimation techniques. Furthermore, we show that, by using the logistic regression as a classifier, we can significantly improve the attack performance of the trained model when the difference between the SR upper bound by the LPI and its actual SR is large. This indicates that LPI represents the potential for performance improvement in the trained model. Therefore, our study contributes to optimizing the distinguisher for attack performance using the trained model.