bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse Fabrication of Li2S‐Nanocrystals@Doped‐Carbon Loaded on Woven Carbon Fibers to Spatial Structure Cathodes for High‐Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiamin , Xu Enze , Sun Zhenjie , Zhou Ya , Shi Pengxiang , Gao Yan , Bao Zhiyong , Jiang Yang
Published: September 2020

Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is an attractive cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries due to its matching with the lithium‐metal‐free anode, but limited by its preparation and processing difficulty, low electronic conductivity, and high dissolution of polysulfide intermediates. Herein, a novel, low‐cost, and scalable method (termed as inverse fabrication route) is proposed to directly prepare Li2S‐based electrodes. This methodology uniformly anchors in situ generated Li2S nanocrystals with a controllable size of 5–10 nm on the woven carbon fibers (WCF) substrate to fabricate a spatial conductive network structure, which provides continuous high‐speed pathways for electron/ion transport. Furthermore, Li2S nanocrystals are encapsulated into a nitrogen/fluorine (N/F) codoped carbon framework to directly fabricate a spatial structure of Li2S‐nanocrystals @ doped‐carbon/WCF (Li2S @ DC/WCF) composite cathode. N/F codoped carbon yields certain catalytic effects on the electrochemical redox reaction for lithium–sulfur batteries, and N‐containing groups in carbon lead to a strong chemical interaction with Li2S/lithium polysulfides, thus improving the electrochemical reaction kinetics and suppressing the polysulfide shuttle. Hence, the as‐prepared Li2S @ DC/WCF composite cathode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 913 mA h g−1 at 0.2C, and the discharge capacity remains at 98% even after 200 cycles at 1C, corresponding to an average capacity decay of 0.01% cycle−1.
Triple Interface Passivation Strategy‐Enabled Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Wen , Wang Yong , Ouyang Dan , Liu Hui , Huang Zhanfeng , Kim Jinwook , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: September 2020

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still suffering low power conversion efficiency because of hole accumulation and trap‐assisted non‐radiative recombination at the interface originating from the large energy offset, interface defects, and rough contact. Here, a triple passivation of the two in‐between surfaces of the hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite is proposed. The inorganic salt of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) is introduced to simultaneously cross‐link NiOx, HTL, and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), which can significantly improve both device performances and stability. In addition to potassium passivation, the thiocyanate shows two good passivation effects on perovskite and NiOx to achieve the triple passivation. The strong NiN bonding exhibits strong polar covalent bond properties to make the electron deviate from the Ni side. Meanwhile, the strong electrostatic force between S and Pb in MAPbI3 makes the Pb atomic layer closer to perovskite to restrain the I atom. Meanwhile, the KSCN modification leads to better valence band alignment. Eventually, the KSCN meditated PSCs exhibit both high efficiency of 21.23% with open‐circuit voltage of 1.14 V and improved operational stability. The demonstration of triple interface passivation contributes to establishing promising multiple passivation strategies for improving the demanding PSC performances and stability.
Korrosionsschutz im Metallleichtbau – neue IFBS‐Fachregeln
Authors: Podleschny Ralf
Published: September 2020

Der Korrosionsschutz tragender dünnwandiger Bauelemente im Metallleichtbau ist durch eine Vielzahl internationaler, europäischer und auch deutscher Normen geregelt. Dieser Beitrag soll hierzu einen Überblick geben und die Regelungsbereiche der einzelnen Normen zueinander abgrenzen und deren Inhalte erläutern. Durch das Normenwerk werden jedoch nicht alle Aspekte des Korrosionsschutzes abgedeckt. Dem Planer fehlen wichtige Angaben, die er für das konstruktionsgerechte Planen der erforderlichen Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen bauteilbezogen benötigt. Zum Teil waren diese Hilfestellungen in alten, mittlerweile zurückgezogenen deutschen Normen enthalten, sie wurden aber nicht in adäquater Weise in das neue Normenwerk überführt. Diese Lücke füllen die neuen IFBS‐Fachregeln für den Korrosionsschutz im Metallleichtbau, die hier vorgestellt werden.
The effect of shrinkage reducing admixtures on drying shrinkage, autogenous deformation, and early age stress development of concrete
Authors: Klausen Anja Estensen , Kanstad Terje
Published: September 2020

The current study investigates the effect of shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) on volume changes that may lead to shrinkage cracking and early age cracking. Drying shrinkage (DS) and autogenous deformation (AD), the impetus for shrinkage cracking, were measured over 2.5 years for three concretes with and without 1% SRA addition: an ordinary Portland concrete, a fly ash concrete and a slag concrete. The latter two concretes were also tested in the Temperature‐stress testing machine (TSTM), which measures AD, thermal dilation (TD) and restrained stress development for a concrete subjected to realistic temperature curing conditions. SRA was found to have a substantial and permanent impact on DS and AD for all three concretes (up to 32% reduction of the total deformation after 2.5 years). The higher the shrinkage, the higher the effect of SRA. For the slag concrete, where AD was found to be the main impetus of early age volume changes, SRA had a clear beneficial effect on the cracking tendency. For the fly ash concrete, where TD provided the main contribution to the volume changes, SRA had a less pronounced effect. The test results were also compared with AD and DS modeled by Model Code 2010.
Shear and flexural strengthening of deficient flat slabs with post‐installed bolts andCFRPcomposites bonded throughEBRandEBROG
Authors: Torabian Ala , Isufi Brisid , Mostofinejad Davood , Pinho Ramos António
Published: September 2020

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can be efficient for flexural strengthening of flat slabs if debonding of the FRP is postponed. However, with the increase of the flexural capacity, the flat slab becomes more susceptible to punching shear failure. In this context, four flexural or simultaneous flexural and punching shear retrofitting systems are investigated in this study to strengthen a flexure‐deficient flat slab. Externally Bonded Reinforcement on Grooves (EBROG) and externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) methods are used for flexural strengthening in two cases: slabs without punching shear reinforcement and with post‐installed shear bolts as shear reinforcement. According to the results, flexural strengthening of the slab using the EBR and EBROG techniques increased its load capacity by 12% and 21%, respectively. Simultaneous flexural and shear strengthening of the slab using the EBROG technique was the most effective, leading to a 57% enhancement of the load capacity. For specimens whose failure was governed by punching, comparing the results with code predictions showed that Eurocode and ACI (and the respective guide documents fib bulletin 90 and ACI 440.2R) overestimated the capacity of these specimens. In cases where failure was governed by flexure, a simple application of the yield line theory predicted reasonably well the load capacity of the specimens.
Interface Mode Assignment Method for Self‐Reconstruction of Wireless Mesh Networks Based on IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure‐Mode
Authors: Dorj Erdenetuya , Kinoshita Kazuhiko
Published: September 2020

The key features of computer networks available for a disaster situation are reliable, fault tolerance, and self‐configurable. Therefore, using a wireless mesh network for disaster prevention and recovery system has gained much attention from the research community in the last decades. In addition, from the practical aspects of the network infrastructures of the disaster system, we should assume the core capabilities such as wireless connectivity in a wide range, ease of use, and low cost so on. In this paper, we propose an interface mode assignment method for reconstructing a route from an isolated router to a gateway (GW) router in a wireless mesh network based on IEEE 802.11 infrastructure mode after a disaster occurrence. The proposed method assigns an adequate mode to each interface in an isolated router to recover the network reachability in a distributed manner. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method via two different scenarios. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Modeling Interlocking Effects on Core Losses in Electrical Steel
Authors: Daem Andries , Sergeant Peter , Dupré Luc , Ibrahim Mohamed N.
Published: September 2020

When optimizing the design of electrical machines, it is recommended to take into account the effect of the manufacturing processes on the core losses and magnetic properties of the electrical steel. This paper demonstrates a methodology for incorporating the effects of interlocking, a process frequently applied to fix a stack of laminations, on the magnetic properties of the machine core. The methodology requires magnetic measurements on several sets of Epstein strips. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on NO27, a low loss grade of electrical steel. A validation is done to show the transferability from Epstein strips to a realistic stator core geometry. The results show that the proposed methodology succeeds accurately in predicting the degrading impact of interlocking on the magnetic properties of electrical steel laminations. Additionally, the effect of magnetic anisotropy on the degrading impact of interlocking is investigated. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Artifactual Literacies and TESOL: Narratives of a Syrian Refugee‐Background Family
Authors: Karam Fares J. , Oikonomidoy Eleni , Kibler Amanda K.
Published: September 2020

Theoretically framed in artifactual literacies, this study examined a refugee‐background family’s visit to a group of university students enrolled in a teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) methods class. One of the authors requested they give this presentation and collaborated with them in writing it. Participants included Maria and Omar, Syrian parents of three children who self‐identify as Muslim. Primary data included transcripts of the families’ collaborative composing with the first author and of the presentation itself, in addition to a multimodal PowerPoint. Secondary data included interviews with the family before and after the presentation. A narrative analysis of this data revealed that through stories (evoked by artifacts), the family presented themselves to the students as legitimate and sociable newcomers. They also presented themselves as appreciative yet ambivalent about U.S. customs and defiant of stereotypical representations of Islam. The authors argue that artifacts, imbued with border‐crossing memories and experiences, can empower refugee‐background students to construct counternarratives and negotiate identities that challenge xenophobic discourses and positionings. Further, because TESOL professionals are at the front lines of supporting refugee‐background students, it is important for TESOLers to be cognizant of the potential of artifacts in making migrant narratives visible.
Kinetic studies on the removal of cadmium using Acacia tortilis
Authors: Sivaprakash B. , Rajamohan N. , Qasmi Fatma Al
Published: September 2020

In this study, the feasibility of utilizing Acacia tortilis biomass for the removal of cadmium ions was investigated. The effect of operating parameters, namely, initial pH (1–10), cadmium concentration (50–200 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.5–4.0 g/L), and agitation speed (0–400 rpm), on the cadmium removal was investigated. Maximum removal efficiency was attained at pH 5.0, at an equilibrium time of 180 min. The maximum cadmium uptake achieved with 200 mg/L initial concentration was 36.66 mg/g. The mechanism of biosorption was analyzed using the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo‐first‐order model represented the data well (R2 > 0.993), and the maximum uptake capacity was 45.83 mg/g at 30°C with 200 mg/L manganese concentration. Desorption studies confirmed the suitability of sulfuric acid as an eluent producing recoveries in excess of 90% for cadmium up to four cycles.
Comparative evaluation of salivary glands proteomes from wild Phlebotomus papatasi–proven vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran
Authors: Maryam Ghafari Seyedeh , Ebrahimi Sahar , Nateghi Rostami Mahmoud , Bordbar Ali , Parvizi Parviz
Published: September 2020

Background

Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is increasing in the world and Phlebotomus papatasi as a proven vector was considered in different aspects for disease control. Sandfly saliva contains proteins which provoke host immune system. These proteins are candidates for developing vaccines.

Objectives

The main purpose of this research was comparing evaluation of salivary glands proteomes from wild P. papatasi. Extracting these proteins and purifying of original SP15 as inducer agent in vector salivary glands from endemic leishmaniasis foci were other objectives.

Methods

Adult sandflies were sampled using aspirators and funnel traps from three endemic foci in 2017–2018. Each pair of salivary glands of unfed females was dissected and proteins were extracted using thermal shocking and sonication methods. Purification was performed through RP‐HPLC. All equivalent fractions were added together in order to reach sufficient protein concentration. Protein content and profile determination were examined with SDS‐PAGE.

Results

The protein concentration of whole‐salivary glands of specimens was determined approximately 1.6 µg/µl (Isfahan) and 1 µg/µl (Varamin and Kashan). SDS‐PAGE revealed 10 distinct bands between 10 and 63 kDa. Analysis of proteomes showed some similarities and differences in the chromatograms of different foci. SDS‐PAGE of all collected fractions revealed SP15‐like proteins were isolated in 24 min from Varamin, 26 to 30 min from Kashan and 29.4 min from Isfahan and were around 15 kDa.

Conclusions

Isolation of salivary components of Iranian wild P. papatasi is very important for finding potential proteins in vaccine development and measuring control strategy of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran and this could be concluded elsewhere in the world.
Minute‐scale detection and probabilistic prediction of offshore wind turbine power ramps using dual‐Doppler radar
Authors: Valldecabres Laura , von Bremen Lueder , Kühn Martin
Published: September 2020

Predicting the occurrence of strong and sudden variations in wind power, so‐called ramp events, has become one of the main challenges for the operation of power systems with large shares of wind power. In this paper, we investigate 14 ramp events of different magnitudes and minute‐scale durations observed by a dual‐Doppler radar system at the Westermost Rough offshore wind farm. The identified ramps are characterised using radar observations, turbine data and data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A remote sensing‐based forecasting methodology that propagates wind speeds upstream of wake‐free turbines is extended here to the whole farm, by including corrections for wake effects. The methodology aims to probabilistically forecast the wind turbines' power in the form of density forecasts. The ability to predict ramp events of different magnitudes is evaluated and compared with probabilistic statistical and physical benchmarks. During the observed ramp events, the remote sensing‐based forecasting model strongly outperforms the benchmarks. We show here that remote sensing observations such as radar data can significantly enhance very short‐term forecasts of wind power.
Combination of noninvasive imaging techniques to characterize pigments in Buddhist thangka paintings
Authors: Brocchieri Jessica , de Viguerie Laurence , Sabbarese Carlo , Boyer Marion
Published: September 2020

Scanning macro‐XRF, XRF point measurements and hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and near‐infrared range were combined to characterize the pigments of a Tibetan painting. The complementary use of the different investigation techniques allowed us to (a) clearly identify the pigments used by the artist, (b) strengthen the few data present in historical and contemporary sources and (c) provide data necessary for any accurate conservation treatment of the painting. The proposed methodology allows an in‐depth characterization of the materials used in thangkas, with the identification of all the pigments used by Tibetan artists, as shown by the analyses of reference samples. In the present study traditional pigments, commonly cited in historical sources, were identified such as vermilion, minium, orpiment and azurite, but also more unusual compounds such as brochantite and antlerite (in blue/green areas). Elemental distribution images confirmed that some parts of the thangka were restored, without taking into account the original pigments or the original design. Underlying annotations and a carbon black under‐drawing were highlighted by the application of near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging technique, which proved to be particularly useful for the study of such paintings.
An Anionic Metal‐organic Framework for Selective Adsorption Separation toward Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B
Authors: Duan Xing , Lv Ran , Kong Zhe
Published: September 2020

Microporous metal organic framework NOTT‐210 was synthesized via solvothermal and dyes adsorption and separation properties were determined and discussed. NOTT‐210 with anion characteristic can selective adsorb low concentrations of cationic dyes from effluents at room temperature. And that NOTT‐210 can also separate the MB+ (methylene blue) and RB+ (rhodamine B) molecules because of size‐dependent effect and kinetics‐dependent effect. Hence, NOTT‐210 is among the very few porous MOFs which not only can adsorb low concentrations of MB+ and RB+ molecules but also has the ability to separate their mixture.
Estimation of clad geometry and corresponding residual stress distribution in laser melting deposition: analytical modeling and experimental correlations
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Popescu Andrei C. , Hapenciuc Claudiu Liviu , Ristoscu Carmen , Visan Anita Ioana , Oane Mihai , Mihailescu Ion N.
Published: September 2020

Laser melting deposition (LMD) is a promising technology to produce net-shape parts. The deposited layers' characteristics and induced residual stress distribution influence the quality, mechanical, and physical properties of the manufactured parts. In this study, two theoretical models are presented. Initially, the clad geometry of the 1st deposited layer is estimated using the primary process parameters. Then, a hatch distance is used to calculate the re-melting depth and total clad geometry for all the deposited layers. The output of the 1st model is then used as an input in the 2nd model to estimate the residual stress distribution within the substrate and deposited layers. The model, for clad geometry, is validated using published experimental data for the depositions of AISI316L powder debits on AISI321 bulk substrate by the LMD process. For the residual stress distribution model validation, the published experimental results for X-ray diffractometry, in case of AISI4340 steel powder debits depositions on the AISI4140 bulk substrate by the LMD setup, are used. It was found that the current models can estimate the clad geometry and induced residual stress distribution with an accuracy of 10–15 % mean absolute deviation. An optimum selection of hatch distance is necessary for proper energy density utilization and dimensional control stability. The induced residual stress distribution was caused by the heating and cooling mechanisms, which appeared due to rapid heating and moderate cooling, in combination with slow conduction. These phenomena became incrementally iterative with the number of layers to be deposited, thus presenting a direct relationship between the residual stress distribution and the number of layers deposited on the substrate. The proposed models have high computational efficiency without restoring the meshing and iterative calculations. The high prediction accuracy and computational efficiency allow the presented model to investigate further the part distortion, part porosity, life-expectancy and mechanical properties of the part, and process parameter planning.
GABA–glutamate supramammillary neurons control theta and gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus during paradoxical (REM) sleep
Authors: Billwiller Francesca , Castillo Laura , Elseedy Heba , Ivanov Anton Ivanovich , Scapula Jennyfer , Ghestem Antoine , Carponcy Julien , Libourel Paul Antoine , Bras Hélène , Abdelmeguid Nabila ElSayed , Krook-Magnuson Esther , Soltesz Ivan , Bernard Christophe , Luppi Pierre-Hervé , Esclapez Monique
Published: September 2020

Several studies suggest that neurons from the lateral region of the SuM (SuML) innervating the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a dual GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and are specifically activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). The objective of the present study is to characterize the anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the SuML-DG projection neurons and to determine how they control DG oscillations and neuronal activation during PS and other vigilance states. For this purpose, we combine structural connectivity techniques using neurotropic viral vectors (rabies virus, AAV), neurochemical anatomy (immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and imaging (light, electron and confocal microscopy) with in vitro (patch clamp) and in vivo (LFP, EEG) optogenetic and electrophysiological recordings performed in transgenic VGLUT2-cre male mice. At the cellular level, we show that the SuML-DG neurons co-release GABA and glutamate on dentate granule cells and increase the activity of a subset of DG granule cells. At the network level, we show that activation of the SuML-DG pathway increases theta power and frequency during PS as well as gamma power during PS and waking in the DG. At the behavioral level, we show that the activation of this pathway does not change animal behavior during PS, induces awakening during slow wave sleep and increases motor activity during waking. These results suggest that the SuML-DG pathway is capable of supporting the increase of theta and gamma power in the DG observed during PS and plays an important modulatory role of DG network activity during this state.
The relation between graphing formulas by hand and students’ symbol sense
Authors: Kop Peter M.G.M. , Janssen Fred J.J.M. , Drijvers Paul H.M. , van Driel Jan H.
Published: September 2020

Students in secondary school often struggle with symbol sense, that is, the general ability to deal with symbols and to recognize the structure of algebraic formulas. Fostering symbol sense is an educational challenge. In graphing formulas by hand, defined as graphing using recognition and reasoning without technology, many aspects of symbol sense come to play. In a previous study, we showed how graphing formulas by hand could be learned. The aim of the study we present here is to explore the relationship between students’ graphing abilities and their symbol sense abilities while solving non-routine algebra tasks. A symbol sense test was administered to a group of 114 grade 12 students. The test consisted of eight graphing tasks and twelve non-routine algebra tasks, which could be solved by graphing and reasoning. Six students were asked to think aloud during the test. The findings show a strong positive correlation between the scores on the graphing tasks and the scores on the algebra tasks and the symbol sense used while solving these tasks. The thinking-aloud protocols suggest that the students who scored high on the graphing tasks used similar aspects of symbol sense in both the graphing and algebra tasks, that is, using combinations of recognizing function families and key features, and qualitative reasoning. As an implication for teaching practice, learning to graph formulas by hand might be an approach to promote students’ symbol sense.
Population assessment and foraging ecology of the rare solitary bee Anthophora retusa at Seaford Head Nature reserve
Authors: Hennessy Georgia , Goulson Dave , Ratnieks Francis L. W.
Published: September 2020

Anthophora retusais a rare solitary bee which has declined throughout Britain and other European countries since the 1990s. It is thought to be restricted to five sites in Britain. However, information on these remaining populations is limited. Knowledge on population size, habitat and forage requirements and foraging distance, are important for successful conservation of species. The population of A.retusaat the Seaford Head Nature reserve in East Sussex was surveyed. Transects within the reserve were conducted and population estimates using mark recapture were made for 2018 and 2019. Pollen from foraging females was analysed alongside visual sightings to determine forage requirements. The total population was estimated to be 91 in 2018 (males and females) with an estimated male population of 167 in 2019. The most visited flower species by females wasGlechoma hederacea(66% of visits) but flower preference changed throughout the flight season, shifting to Fabaceae species andIris foetidissimawith 16 plant groups identified in pollen samples. Bees were geographically restricted to a small area within the reserve (approximately 30 ha). Although the exact location of nesting sites was not determined with certainty it is thought nests are in the loess deposits at the top of the inaccessible sea cliff face. This project suggests the presence of appropriate nesting sites may be limiting A.retusadistribution as they appear to forage on common plant species. More research is needed on the exact nesting requirements of the species.

Implications for Insect Conservation

The findings from this paper help contribute to the limited understanding of the ecology of this rare and declining species. By knowing the forage requirements of A.retusa, other areas where it is found can ensure these are present within a short distance of nest sites, hopefully ensuring the survival of individual populations and therefore the species.
Nonlinear vibration localisation in a symmetric system of two coupled beams
Authors: Fontanela Filipe , Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Auvray Jeanne , Niedergesäß Björn , Grolet Aurélien , Salles Loïc , Hoffmann Norbert
Published: September 2020

We report nonlinear vibration localisation in a system of two symmetric weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators. A two degree-of-freedom model with piecewise linear stiffness shows bifurcations to localised solutions. An experimental investigation employing two weakly coupled beams touching against stoppers for large vibration amplitudes confirms the nonlinear localisation.
Patient and clinician satisfaction and clinical outcomes of Magseed compared with wire-guided localisation for impalpable breast lesions
Authors: Micha Aikaterini E. , Sinnett Victoria , Downey Kate , Allen Steve , Bishop Briony , Hector Lauren R. , Patrick Elaine P. , Edmonds Ruth , Barry Peter A. , Krupa Katherine D. C. , Rusby Jennifer E.
Published: September 2020

Background

Guide-wire localisation remains the most commonly used technique for localisation of impalpable breast lesions in the UK. One alternative is magnetic seed localisation. We aimed to investigate patient and clinician satisfaction in two consecutive cohorts, describe re-excision and positive margin rates, and explore reasons for positive margins and the implications for localisation techniques.

Methods

A single-institution prospective service evaluation of two cohorts of consecutive cases of wire and then Magseed localisation was carried out. Data were collected on patient and clinician satisfaction, clinico-pathological findings, and causes of involved margins. T tests were used to compare continuous variables and Chi-squared test for satisfaction outcomes.

Results

168 consecutive cases used wire-guided localisation (WGL) and 128 subsequent cases used Magseeds. Patients reported less anxiety between localisation and surgery in the Magseed group, and clinicians reported greater ease of use of Magseeds. There were no differences in lesion size, surgical complexity, or re-excision rate between the groups. In a subset of patients receiving standard wide local excision (i.e., excluding mammoplasties), the impact on margin involvement was investigated. There was no significant difference in radiological under-sizing or accuracy of localisation. However, specimen weight and eccentricity of the lesion were statistically significantly lower in the Magseed group. Despite this, re-excision rates were not significantly different (p = 0.4).

Conclusions

This is the first large study of satisfaction with localisation and showed clinician preference for Magseed and a reduction in patient anxiety. It also demonstrated similar positive margin rates despite smaller specimen weights in the Magseed group. Magnetic seed localisation offers an acceptable clinical alternative to guide wire localisation. The impact on local service provision should also be considered.
Real-Time Estimation of Drivers’ Trust in Automated Driving Systems
Authors: Azevedo-Sa Hebert , Jayaraman Suresh Kumaar , Esterwood Connor T. , Yang X. Jessie , Robert Lionel P. , Tilbury Dawn M.
Published: September 2020

Trust miscalibration issues, represented by undertrust and overtrust, hinder the interaction between drivers and self-driving vehicles. A modern challenge for automotive engineers is to avoid these trust miscalibration issues through the development of techniques for measuring drivers’ trust in the automated driving system during real-time applications execution. One possible approach for measuring trust is through modeling its dynamics and subsequently applying classical state estimation methods. This paper proposes a framework for modeling the dynamics of drivers’ trust in automated driving systems and also for estimating these varying trust levels. The estimation method integrates sensed behaviors (from the driver) through a Kalman filter-based approach. The sensed behaviors include eye-tracking signals, the usage time of the system, and drivers’ performance on a non-driving-related task. We conducted a study ($$n=80$$

n
=
80

) with a simulated SAE level 3 automated driving system, and analyzed the factors that impacted drivers’ trust in the system. Data from the user study were also used for the identification of the trust model parameters. Results show that the proposed approach was successful in computing trust estimates over successive interactions between the driver and the automated driving system. These results encourage the use of strategies for modeling and estimating trust in automated driving systems. Such trust measurement technique paves a path for the design of trust-aware automated driving systems capable of changing their behaviors to control drivers’ trust levels to mitigate both undertrust and overtrust.
Decay rate of a weakly dissipative viscoelastic plate equation with infinite memory
Authors: Anaya Khaleel , Messaoudi Salim A. , Mustapha Kassem
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a weakly dissipative viscoelastic plate equation with an infinite memory is considered. We show a general energy decay rate for a wide class of relaxation functions. To support our theoretical findings, some numerical illustrations are presented at the end. The numerical solution is computed using the popular finite element method in space, combined with time-stepping finite differences.
Comparison between short segment pedicle screw fixation and long segment pedicle screw fixation for treatment of neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture
Authors: Biakto Karya Triko , Usman Andry M. , Limoa William , Putra Luky Tandio
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

In contrast with acute cases, the treatment for thoracolumbar burst fracture remains controversial between short segment and long segment pedicle screw in neglected cases, in which only little investigation is done about the proper treatment.

Methods:

Using cross-sectional study, we assessed all patients with neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture underwent short segment or long segment pedicle screw fixation from January 2016 to June 2019 in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. We analysed the data for neurological status, radiological kyphotic angle correction, hospital length of stay, and postoperative patients’ satisfaction.

Results:

Twenty-one samples were analysed. The mean age of patients was 35 ± 13 years old, consisted of 15 males (71,4%) and 6 females (28,6%). The first lumbar vertebra was the most frequently affected site of a burst fracture (71,4%). Based on ASIA Impairment Scale, the difference was insignificant (p = 0,918). Kyphotic angle correction of less than three degrees, were achieved in 20% of patients treated with short segment fixation, while the long segment counterpart achieved only 12,5%, with p = 0,579. Six out of sixteen patients (37,5%) underwent long segment fixation had poor hospital length of stay (>14 days), while none of the short segments had it, but the difference was insignificant (p = 0,246). Patients’ complain of pain was significant (p = 0,047) in fair category (VAS 3–7).

Conclusion:

There were no significant differences in outcome between short segment and long segment pedicle screw fixation for treatment of patient with neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture.

Highlights:
Penetrating Injuries Following Spotted Deer Axis axis ceylonensis Attack
Authors: Thalgaspitiya Sujeewa P.B. , Wijekoon Heshan S. , Wijerathne Buddhika T.B.
Published: September 2020

The spotted deer Axis axis is a Cervidae mammal that lives in most parts of Southeast Asia. Spotted deer attacks on humans are scarcely reported in the literature and are a rare phenomenon. A 31-y-old man was attacked by an unprovoked male spotted deer while supervising maintenance inside a deer enclosure. The victim received deep lacerations in the lower limbs and puncture wounds in the chest and abdomen. The victim made a full recovery after prompt management at a tertiary care hospital. The potential factors leading to this uncommon attack are discussed.
The Resurrection of Homer in Imperial Greek Epic
Authors: Greensmith Emma
Published: September 2020

This book offers a radically new reading of Quintus' Posthomerica, the first account to combine a literary and cultural-historical understanding of what is the most important Greek epic written at the height of the Roman Empire. In Emma Greensmith's ground-breaking analysis, Quintus emerges as a key poet in the history of epic and of Homeric reception. Writing as if he is Homer himself, and occupying the space between the Iliad and the Odyssey, Quintus constructs a new 'poetics of the interval'. At all levels, from its philology to its plotting, the Posthomerica manipulates the language of affiliation, succession and repetition not just to articulate its own position within the inherited epic tradition but also to contribute to the literary and identity politics of imperial society. This book changes how we understand the role of epic and Homer in Greco-Roman culture - and completely re-evaluates Quintus' status as a poet.
Renewal in Hawkes processes with self-excitation and inhibition
Authors: Costa Manon , Graham Carl , Marsalle Laurence , Tran Viet Chi
Published: September 2020

We investigate the Hawkes processes on the positive real line exhibiting both self-excitation and inhibition. Each point of such a point process impacts its future intensity by the addition of a signed reproduction function. The case of a nonnegative reproduction function corresponds to self-excitation, and has been widely investigated in the literature. In particular, there exists a cluster representation of the Hawkes process which allows one to apply known results for Galton–Watson trees. We use renewal techniques to establish limit theorems for Hawkes processes that have reproduction functions which are signed and have bounded support. Notably, we prove exponential concentration inequalities, extending results of Reynaud-Bouret and Roy (2006) previously proven for nonnegative reproduction functions using a cluster representation no longer valid in our case. Importantly, we establish the existence of exponential moments for renewal times of M/G/$\infty$ queues which appear naturally in our problem. These results possess interest independent of the original problem.
Functional central limit theorems and moderate deviations for Poisson cluster processes
Authors: Gao Fuqing , Wang Yujing
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider functional limit theorems for Poisson cluster processes. We first present a maximal inequality for Poisson cluster processes. Then we establish a functional central limit theorem under the second moment and a functional moderate deviation principle under the Cramér condition for Poisson cluster processes. We apply these results to obtain a functional moderate deviation principle for linear Hawkes processes.
Central limit theorems for coupled particle filters
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Yu Fangyuan
Published: September 2020

In this article we prove new central limit theorems (CLTs) for several coupled particle filters (CPFs). CPFs are used for the sequential estimation of the difference of expectations with respect to filters which are in some sense close. Examples include the estimation of the filtering distribution associated to different parameters (finite difference estimation) and filters associated to partially observed discretized diffusion processes (PODDP) and the implementation of the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) identity. We develop new theory for CPFs, and based upon several results, we propose a new CPF which approximates the maximal coupling (MCPF) of a pair of predictor distributions. In the context of ML estimation associated to PODDP with time-discretization
$\Delta_l=2^{-l}$
,
$l\in\{0,1,\dots\}$
, we show that the MCPF and the approach of Jasra, Ballesio, et al. (2018) have, under certain assumptions, an asymptotic variance that is bounded above by an expression that is of (almost) the order of
$\Delta_l$
(
$\mathcal{O}(\Delta_l)$
), uniformly in time. The
$\mathcal{O}(\Delta_l)$
bound preserves the so-called forward rate of the diffusion in some scenarios, which is not the case for the CPF in Jasra et al. (2017).
THE ROYAL CEMETERY AT UR DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE THIRD MILLENNIUM B.C.: POTTERY ANALYSIS THROUGH THE USE OF ARCHIVAL DATA, A CASE STUDY
Authors: Volpi Luca
Published: September 2020

The Royal Cemetery at Ur, with its almost two thousand graves, is one of the most impressive archaeological settings in southern Mesopotamia. Although most of the graves have been assigned to the Early Dynastic Period, more than three hundred graves have been dated to a timeframe from the Late Akkadian Period to the end of the third millennium B.C. However, the precise dating of many of these graves is under debate because stratigraphic data are often lacking, and the material culture used for dating has mainly been cylinder seals and other small finds. Due to the poor quality of the data published by Woolley, pottery has rarely been used to establish chronological determinants that could be useful in dating the graves. Thanks to theUr Digitization Project, the field records from the Ur excavations are now available online. Among them are theField Notes, which often contain pottery drawings, reproduced to scale. This paper re-analyses some of the graves in the Royal Cemetery at Ur that have been dated to the final part of the third millennium B.C. This analysis is based on a typological approach to the pottery assemblages that allows revised chronological determinants for dating selected grave contexts.
GILLES KEPEL, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002). Pp. 454. $33.95 cloth, $15.95 paper
Authors: BRUMBERG DANIEL
Published: September 2020

In the wake of 11 September 2001, the study of political Islam became a vastly more complicated enterprise. No other event in recent history demonstrated with such literal force how interconnected the phenomenon of Islamic activism—in all it forms—had become. Those scholars who had studied the Arab world suddenly had to pay attention to Iran and Turkey, and to such remote places as Pakistan and Afghanistan. Scholars of South and Southeast Asia had to consider how Indonesian and Malaysian Islam intersected with Khomeinism and Saudi Wahhabism. Thus, like it or not, 11 September set the stage for a rebirth of Islamic studies. Gilles Kepel's Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam marks this coming of age by providing a comprehensive account of the evolution of political Islam as a national, regional, and global phenomenon. No other work offers such a careful and well-written balance of analytical parsimony and empirical reach. For this reason alone, the book will be a classic for years to come.
Seasonal occurrence and vertical distribution of larval and juvenile northern smoothtongue, Leuroglossus schmidti (Pisces, Bathylagidae), in the western subarctic Pacific
Authors: Kitamura Minoru , Murata Naofumi
Published: September 2020

We investigated the seasonal occurrence and vertical distribution/migration of larval and juvenile northern smoothtongue, Leuroglossus schmidti (Pisces, Bathylagidae), in oceanic areas of the western subarctic Pacific. This species was the most abundant larval fish and one of the most abundant juvenile/adult fish at the study site. Larval recruitment of this species occurred in early March to mid-October. Larvae were found, however, throughout all seasons, suggesting that some had overwintered. The highest abundance (5.8 individuals m–2) of larvae was in summer. During summer and autumn, hatching mainly occurred at 100–150-m depth and larvae migrated toward the surface with growth. Once larvae reached about 20 mm in length, they moved below 100 m, and larger larvae (over 24 mm) exhibited diel vertical migration. The abundance of juveniles integrated through the water column was relatively constant (0.3 individuals m–2) throughout the study period. They were collected from below 300 m during the day, and part of the population (13–38%) swam into the epipelagic layer at night. The information on early stages of L. schmidti presented here provides a basis for future investigations of mesopelagic fish ecology in oceanic areas of the western subarctic North Pacific Ocean.
Judgement for Israel: The Marriage of Wrath and Mercy in Romans 9–11
Authors: Dixon Thomas P.
Published: September 2020

Reviewing John Barclay's Paul and the Gift, Susan Eastman recognises the need for ‘fuller analysis of judgment’ in Paul to accompany such penetrating work on grace. The dearth of interest in wrath often perpetuates the Marcionite premise that wrath precludes mercy, a false antithesis that especially skews interpretation of Romans. This presumed opposition leads scholars to find dithering dialectic, two covenants, two Israels or contradictory fantasy in Rom 9–11. Replacing the simple binary with a thicker lens of provisional judgement clarifies Paul's argument that God strikes Israel in wrath in order to heal them.
Palaeography, Precision and Publicity: Further Thoughts onP.Ryl.iii.457 (P52)
Authors: Nongbri Brent
Published: September 2020

P.Ryl.iii.457, a papyrus fragment of the gospel of John known to New Testament scholars as P52, is regularly publicised as the earliest extant Christian manuscript and forms a central part of the Rylands collection. Yet the date generally assigned to the fragment (‘about 125ad’) is based entirely on palaeography, or analysis of handwriting, which cannot provide such a precise date. The present article introduces new details about the acquisition of P52, engages the most recent scholarship on the date of the fragment and argues that the range of possible palaeographic dates for P52 extends into the third century.
Protobooth: gathering and analyzing data on prototyping in early-stage engineering design projects by digitally capturing physical prototypes
Authors: Erichsen Jorgen F. , Sjöman Heikki , Steinert Martin , Welo Torgeir
Published: September 2020

Aiming to help researchers capture output from the early stages of engineering design projects, this article presents a new research tool for digitally capturing physical prototypes. The motivation for this work is to collect observations that can aid in understanding prototyping in the early stages of engineering design projects, and this article investigates if and how digital capture of physical prototypes can be used for this purpose. Early-stage prototypes are usually rough and of low fidelity and are thus often discarded or substantially modified through the projects. Hence, retrospective access to prototypes is a challenge when trying to gather accurate empirical data. To capture the prototypes developed through the early stages of a project, a new research tool has been developed for capturing prototypes through multi-view images, along with metadata describing by whom, why, when, and where the prototypes were captured. Over the course of 17 months, this research tool has been used to capture more than 800 physical prototypes from 76 individual users across many projects. In this article, one project is shown in detail to demonstrate how this capturing system can gather empirical data for enriching engineering design project cases that focus on prototyping for concept generation. The authors also analyze the metadata provided by the system to give understanding into prototyping patterns in the projects. Lastly, through enabling digital capture of large quantities of data, the research tool presents the foundations for training artificial intelligence-based predictors and classifiers that can be used for analysis in engineering design research.
“Social policy and intelligence” Redux: a tribute to Edward Zigler
Authors: Sternberg Robert J.
Published: September 2020

I present a theory of adaptive intelligence and discuss why I believe adaptive intelligence, rather than general intelligence, is the kind of intelligence upon which we should focus in today's world. Adaptive intelligence is the ability to adapt to, shape, and select real-world environments in ways that result in positive outcomes not only for oneself, but also for others and the world. Edward Zigler was among the first to recognize the importance of levels of adaptation to intellectual deficiency, arguing from early on that intellectual challenges needed to be recognized not just in terms of IQ but also in terms of adaptive functioning. Adaptive intelligence is compared to and contrasted with general intelligence, which is usually defined as the first factor in a factor analysis of psychometric tests. I first introduce the main issues in the article. Then I discuss how one even would decide what intelligence is. Next I discuss broader theories of intelligence and especially the theory of adaptive intelligence. Then I talk about the perishability of theories of intelligence and other things—to what extent are they set up so that people are willing and able to move beyond them? Finally, I discuss how individual outcomes do not necessarily predict collective outcomes.
A middle-aged man with adenoid cystic lung carcinoma: not every dyspnoea is the novel coronavirus, even during a pandemic
Authors: Chakrabarti Deep , Qayoom Sumaira , Kukreja Divya , Resu Abigail Veravolu , Rajan Shiv , Verma Mranalini , Gupta Rajeev , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma
Published: September 2020

Background:

A middle-aged gentleman presenting with dyspnoea was presumptively assumed to be a novel coronavirus suspect.

Findings:

Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were reported negative, and clinico-radiological workup revealed a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lung with metastases to the contralateral lung and the lumbar vertebrae.

Conclusion:

ACC is a rare malignancy of exocrine glands. Most commonly found in the minor salivary glands, they may rarely occur in other sites. Primary ACC of the lung is a rare histologic subtype that is encountered infrequently in clinical practice for which standard guidelines do not exist.