bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of rotation frequency of polishing discs on the surface roughness of resin composite material
Authors: Tepe Hatice , Can Yaman Batu , Akyüz İdris , Ozer Fusun
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rotation frequency (rpm) of different polishing discs on the surface roughness of a nanohybrid resin composite material. 126 specimens were prepared in metal molds of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm depth using a nanohybrid resin composite material. The prepared specimens were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. Polishing treatments at 5k, 10k, 15k, and 20k rpm were applied to the nanohybrid resin composite material by grouping different brand polishing discs: Sof-Lex Contouring and Polishing Discs (3M Espe, USA) (3M Group), Optidisc (Kerr Corporation, USA) (Kerr Group), Super-Snap Rainbow Technique Kit (Shofu Dental, Japan) (Shofu Group), Finishing Disc (Bisco Dental, USA) (Bisco Group). The surface roughness was evaluated at three different points by atomic force microscopy for all specimens and scanning electron microscopy was used for visual assessment. Data were evaluated by Two Way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD Test. The mean surface roughness (Ra, μm) of all prepared samples showed significant differences (α = 0.05). According to Two-Way ANOVA, there is a statistically significant relationship between the rpm values and the discs. The 3M group showed the highest roughness value at all rpm speeds. Shofu group at 15k, 20k rpm, Bisco group at 10k, 15k, 20k rpm, the Kerr group at 15k, 20k rpm showed the lowest roughness value and had roughness close to the surfaces finished with a mylar strip. The smoothest surfaces were obtained at 15k rpm, even though polishing discs from different brands were used. It was also observed that 5k and 20k rpm polishing speeds can increase the surface roughness of the nanohybrid resin composite material.
Is the past recoverable from the data? Pseudoproxy modelling of uncertainties in palaeoecological data
Authors: Asena Quinn , Perry George LW , Wilmshurst Janet M
Published: May 2024

There is growing concern about the response of contemporary ecosystems to increasing and novel anthropogenic pressures and environmental conditions. Palaeoecology is crucial to understanding how ecosystems have responded to past environmental changes and can inform management of contemporary ecosystems and contribute to forecasts of ecosystem responses to change. However, palaeoecological data are subject to uncertainties that arise from environmental processes, field and laboratory methods, and data processing, and that affects inferences drawn from them. Understanding how different sources of uncertainty affect the analyses of proxy records remains limited, and records are often interpreted solely qualitatively. We present a virtual ecology approach for assessing how uncertainties inherent in empirical proxy data influence statistical analyses and the inferences drawn from them. In the virtual ecology approach, both the data and the observational process are recreated in simulation to assess sampling and analytical methods. We demonstrate results from a new model for simulating core-type samples of pseudoproxies comparable to empirical proxy data but not subject to the same sources of proxy and chronological uncertainties. These ‘error-free’ pseudoproxies generated under known driving conditions have uncertainties (e.g. core mixing, sub-sampling, and proxy quantification) systematically introduced to them to assess how individual and combined sources of uncertainty influence analytical methods. Results indicate that inferences drawn from statistical analysis, such as the stability of a system, or the rate of ecological turnover, can change substantially between the ‘error-free’ pseudoproxies, and degraded and sub-sampled data. We show how our approach can advance understanding of uncertainties in palaeoecological data and how it can help shape research questions by quantifying of their influence on proxy data.
Acts of Violence? Anti-Conversion Laws in India
Authors: Selvaraj M. Sudhir
Published: May 2024

Extant scholarship on anti-Christian violence in India is scant and predominantly focuses on physical violence. To address this gap, this article explores Freedom of Religion laws (also referred to as anti-conversion laws) as an example of structural violence faced by India's Christians. Thus far, scholars have studied these as a constitutional violation that denies a Christian's freedom of religion. Using Johan Galtung's violence framework, this article seeks to recast these laws as a form of structural violence against Christians. In doing so, it will show how Hindutva's anxieties about the demographic and political ‘Christian threat’ have become embedded into the law. Through an exploration of the southern state of Karnataka, where the Protection of Right to Freedom of Religion was passed in 2022, this article seeks to show how this structural violence interacts and reinforces forms of direct and cultural violence, creating a system of anti-Christian violence designed to maintain India's ‘Hindu majority’.
Preparation of inexpensive modified polystyrene with adipoyl chloride and N-benzimidazole iminoesther for the removal of Ni2+ and study of the impedance and conductivity of the obtained complex
Authors: Nourhene Ben Smida , Abdelhak Othmani , Raoudha Abderrahim
Published: May 2024

We used, in this work, a potentially effective adsorbent for removing nickel (Ni2+) from wastewater, employing modified polystyrene; the di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether (DIPS-N-Ac-Imi). The product was utilized for the adsorption of Ni(II) from waste water at ambient temperature. The di-acylated polystyrene with iminoether DIPS-N-Ac-Imi and DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, the percentage of adsorption of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ was determined via atomic absorption spectroscopy. An electrical study of DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ was performed using Impedance Spectroscopy, revealing a stimulated thermal conduction mechanism. Based on conductivity analyses, the activation energy was deduced from the Arrhenius diagram and corresponded to Ea = 1.07 eV, which suggests that DIPS-N-Ac-Imi/Ni2+ is a proton-type semiconductor.
Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Technology Acquisition on Technology Startups
Authors: Bae Byungyun , Choi Yunsik , Choi Sungyong
Published: May 2024

Since the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the global economy has been led by big tech companies based on technology startups. In this situation, it is very timely to investigate the antecedent factors for the performance enhancement of technology startups that can play a big role in driving economic growth. We investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and technology acquisition on the financial and non-financial performance of technology startups. In order to achieve these research goals, we collected data from 121 Korean technology startups to examine the effects. Our results support that both entrepreneurial orientation and technology acquisition improve the performance (financial and non-financial) of technology startups. In addition, the entrepreneurial orientation of technology startups has a significant indirect effect on performance (financial and non-financial) through technology acquisition. Overall, our study contributes to improving the understanding of the antecedent factors for the achievement of the performance of technology startups in the field of entrepreneurship research by presenting a new research model of the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, technology acquisition and the performance of technology startups. In addition, this study provides the basis for the need for technology acquisition support policies for technology startup support institutions to nurture technology startups.
The Professor’s Dilemma
Authors: Zahid Adnan , Zaffar Muhammad Adeel
Published: May 2024

Case (A) introduces the participants to Dr Sultan, who is in a dilemma when a competing university offers him a very lucrative position. The choice is deliberately one-sided. However, the situation is also bereft of any information about the individual. Most of the class recommends taking the offer. Case (B) is a brief biography of Dr Sultan. After reading about the individual, his life goals, and priorities, the class is asked to revisit the dilemma.
Prediction models for deep vein thrombosis after knee/hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zeng Qingqing , Li Zhuolan , Gui Sijie , Wu Jingjing , Liu Caijuan , Wang Ting , Peng Dan , Zeng Guqing
Published: May 2024

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the common complications after joint replacement, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. We systematically searched nine databases, a total of eleven studies on prediction models to predict DVT after knee/hip arthroplasty were included, eight prediction models for DVT after knee/hip arthroplasty were chosen and compared. The results of network meta-analysis showed the XGBoost model (SUCRA 100.0%), LASSO (SUCRA 84.8%), ANN (SUCRA 72.1%), SVM (SUCRA 53.0%), ensemble model (SUCRA 40.8%), RF (SUCRA 25.6%), LR (SUCRA 21.8%), GBT (SUCRA 1.1%), and best prediction performance is XGB (SUCRA 100%). Results show that the XGBoost model has the best predictive performance. Our study provides suggestions and directions for future research on the DVT prediction model. In the future, well-designed studies are still needed to validate this model.
Missing the Mark: lessons From Failing to Foster Learner Engagement in a Co-Curricular Program
Authors: Hitchcock Steven , Seno-Alday Sandra , Chandra Praveena
Published: May 2024

Learner engagement, loosely defined as the extent of a student’s cognitive and emotional investment in both academic and co-curricular activities, is argued to make a positive impact on both the student experience at university and student learning outcomes. Universities often implement co-curricular activities and programs to drive learner engagement, yet it continues to be the most lagging metric in nationwide student evaluations of higher education experience in Australia. This raises questions of how to design and deliver effective and engaging co-curricular programs, however, there is scant praxis-oriented knowledge available. This article draws on the experience of a team of academics in an Australian business school tasked with creating a co-curricular program to foster learner engagement amongst an undergraduate cohort. Drawing upon engagement data from 1 year of delivery, as well as a series of semi-structured long-form focus group discussions with participating students at varying stages of their learning journey, this article questions assumptions about learner engagement and co-curricular design and challenges the use of learner engagement as a metric for evaluating educators and educational institutions given the nature of students’ relationship with their education.
Trustworthiness of Policymakers, Technology Developers, and Media Organizations Involved in Introducing AI for Autonomous Vehicles: A Public Perspective
Authors: Goh Tong Jee , Ho Shirley S.
Published: May 2024

Qualities of organizations constitute dimensions of trustworthiness. Guided by the integrative model of organizational trust, we developed dimensions of trustworthiness of policymakers, technology developers, and media organizations that are involved in introducing artificial intelligence for autonomous vehicles. We collected data through six focus group discussions with the public in Singapore. In addition to the core dimensions of trustworthiness, the public would consider acclaim, collaboration, public communication, and affiliation. Further, we identified all the dimensions of trustworthiness as either ability-, recognition-, relation-, or principle-based. These findings carry important implications for the development of the model and stakeholders’ communication about science and technology.
Cost, Quality, and Utilization After Hospital-Physician and Hospital-Post Acute Care Vertical Integration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harris Alexandra , Philbin Sarah , Post Brady , Jordan Neil , Beestrum Molly , Epstein Richard , McHugh Megan
Published: May 2024

Vertical integration of health systems—the common ownership of different aspects of the health care system—continues to occur at increasing rates in the United States. This systematic review synthesizes recent evidence examining the association between two types of vertical integration—hospital-physician ( n = 43 studies) and hospital-post-acute care (PAC; n = 10 studies)—and cost, quality, and health services utilization. Hospital-physician integration is associated with higher health care costs, but the effect on quality and health services utilization remains unclear. The effect of hospital-PAC integration on these three outcomes is ambiguous, particularly when focusing on hospital-SNF integration. These findings should raise some concern among policymakers about the trajectory of affordable, high-quality health care in the presence of increasing hospital-physician vertical integration but perhaps not hospital-PAC integration.
My Path to Recovery From Gender-Based Violence: Elusive, Victimized, or Agentive Position
Authors: Albertín-Carbó Pilar , Vázquez-Ahumada Andrea
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes 10 autobiographical narratives of women who had experienced intimate relationship violence. In these narratives, we find several positions, that come from master narratives. These positions have some effects on the construction of subjectivities and on the process of recovery or redefinition of identity. The positions are (a) elusive, (b) victimized, and (c) agentive. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze, from a feminist perspective, the position and subjectivity of women who suffer violence to address the prevention and treatment of this problem that affects individuals and society.
Evaluating the clinical benefit of pembrolizumab as a first-line agent in advanced solid tumors: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mohamed Amna , Salman Bushra , Shaikh Asim Jamal
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The study evaluates the first-line application of pembrolizumab in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), gastric cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Utilizing the European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF), the analysis incorporates data from pivotal KEYNOTE trials.

Methods

The study systematically assessed the clinical benefit of pembrolizumab in advanced solid malignancies through nine randomized controlled trials, one of which comprised two experimental arms. Data extraction from primary sources was conducted from PubMed, ASCO, and ESMO publications. Utilizing ESMO-MCBS and ASCO-VF forms, the evaluation focused on clinical benefit, toxicity, and bonus points, with discrepancies resolved through consensus discussions.

Results

Nine first-line indications for pembrolizumab received Food and Drug Administration approval for metastatic solid tumors between 2018 and 2023. Notable distinctions in ESMO-MCBS grades revealed seven trials with substantial clinical benefit (grades 5 to 4) and three with moderate to negligible benefit (grades 3 to 1). Bonus points, primarily based on the tail of the curve, were allocated to three trials for overall survival, one for progression-free survival, and one for a significant improvement in quality of life.

Conclusions

Our evaluation of pembrolizumab across diverse cancers, especially in mNSCLC and HNSCC, revealed varied outcomes and challenges in clinical benefit interpretation. The assessment of clinical benefit, incorporating quantitative and qualitative endpoints, underscores the need to consider survivorship outcomes and patient perspectives for a comprehensive understanding.
Comparison of intermittent intravenous tacrolimus to continuous tacrolimus in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Williams Michael , Gul Zartash , Graff Justin , Mejaki Brittany , Sana Sherjeel , Medlin Stephen
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Initial continuous intravenous (CIV) tacrolimus (0.03 mg/kg/day based on ideal body weight [IBW]) has been favored for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prevention in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients due to the consistent, steady-state degree of immunosuppression; however, this method poses many logistical challenges. We implemented intermittent (IIV) tacrolimus at a starting dose of 0.015 mg/kg IBW twice daily over 4 h. To our knowledge this is the first retrospective comparison of CIV to IIV tacrolimus. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the safety of IIV tacrolimus in comparison to CIV with respect to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. The secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at day +180, outcomes including relapse and overall survival, cell engraftment, and reactivation of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Methods: This retrospective, single-center review evaluated adults who received an allogeneic stem cell transplant patients between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Results: Fifty-one unique patients were eligible for evaluation – 28 in the IIV cohort and 23 in the CIV group. The number of patients who developed nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were comparable between groups with no significant differences noted. No severe neurotoxicity was identified in either population. Secondary objectives revealed no significant difference in GVHD incidence or survival outcomes. Conclusion: IIV tacrolimus is comparable to CIV in terms of safety while also maintaining similar outcomes at day +180. IIV is a safe and feasible alternative to CIV in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.
Reappearance of excentric persistent fetal vasculature stalk following laser treatment in a patient with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Çalış Karanfil Feyza , Bingöl Kızıltunç Pınar , Özdemir Zeydanlı Ece , Atilla Huban , Özdek Şengül
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In this report, we aim to present an unusual reappearance of hyaloidal artery remnant with atypical localization during the follow-up of an infant who underwent indirect laser photocoagulation for type 1 ROP.

Methods

Retrospective case report.

Results

We report a case of reappearance of an eccentrically located hyaloidal stalk in the macular area during the follow-up period, 2 weeks after laser photocoagulation for type 1 ROP subsequently progressed to cause foveal distortion, which is successfully removed with a lens-sparing vitrectomy.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, there is no similar case in the literature. In the presence of fibrovascular proliferation extending into the vitreous, especially in premature infants, it should be kept in mind that this may be a reappearance of PFV and it may not always be located on the optic disc.
Clinical features and surgical management of traumatic acquired isolated superior rectus palsy
Authors: Wang Xiangjun , Zhu Binbin , Fu Licheng , Tang Shiyu , Yan Jianhua
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Isolated acquired superior rectus palsy (ASRP) is extremely rare. The goal of this report is to describe the clinical manifestations and surgical protocols for treatment of isolated traumatic ASRP.

Design

Retrospective observational case series.

Method

Records of patients presenting with traumatic isolated ASRP from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables analyzed included nature of the damage, ocular alignment, ocular motility, binocular vision, fundus photography, imaging and surgical treatment.

Result

Of the 23,498 strabismus surgeries performed, 16 (0.07%) were identified as being attributable to traumatic isolated ASRP. Iatrogenic injury during orbital/brain tumorectomy was the most common cause for ASRP, followed by injury resulting from a sharp object, blunt instrument, car accident, dog bite, accidental fall and explosion. The main clinical features were hypotropia and deficient supraduction of the affected eye, accompanied by exotropia, extorsion, decreased vision and ptosis. The imaging examination showed the superior orbital wall fracture in 3 cases and superior rectus rupture in 7 cases. Inferior rectus recession and/or superior rectus resection comprised the major surgical procedures employed for these cases. Vertical deviations were reduced from 45.60 ± 17.52 PD preoperatively to 12.20 ± 12.97 PD postoperatively after an average of 22.70 months at follow-up, with a success rate of 50%.

Conclusion

Traumatic isolated ASRP comprised only 0.07% of cases receiving strabismus surgery at our hospital. Orbital imaging is essential to identify whether muscle rupture, orbital fractures and/or other possible disorders are present. Superior rectus resection and inferior rectus recession represented the most frequently used surgical procedures.
Totally implanted central venous access devices inserted by the femoral route: A narrative review and the proposal of a novel approach, the FICC-port
Authors: Annetta Maria Giuseppina , Marche Bruno , Ortiz Miluy Gloria , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: May 2024

Background:

Femoral ports are used in patients with indication to a totally implanted venous access device but with contraindication to chest-ports and brachial ports because of obstruction of the superior vena cava. In the last three decades, femoral ports have been implanted almost exclusively by cannulation of the common femoral vein at the groin, while the position of the tip has been assessed by X-ray.

Methods:

We report our experience with a new approach to femoral ports, which includes recent methods and techniques developed in the last few years. These novel femoral ports, which we call “FICC-ports,” are characterized by (a) long femoral 5 Fr polyurethane catheter inserted by ultrasound-guided puncture of the superficial femoral vein at mid-thigh; (b) intraprocedural location of the tip in the sub-diaphragmatic inferior vena cava, using ultrasound visualization by the transhepatic and/or the subcostal view; (c) low-﻿profile or very low-profile reservoir implanted above the quadriceps muscle, at mid-thigh.

Results:

In the last 3 years, we have implanted 47 FICC-ports in young adults with mediastinal lymphoma compressing the superior vena cava. We had no immediate/early complication, and only three late complications (one kinking of the catheter in the subcutaneous tissue; one tip migration with secondary venous thrombosis; one persistent withdrawal occlusion due to fibroblastic sleeve).

Conclusion:

If there is indication to a femoral port, the implantation of a “FICC-port”—as described above—is to be strongly considered in terms of safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness: no immediate-early complications, minimal late complications, no X-ray exposure, low invasiveness, low cost.
Cavoatrial junction stenting in vascular hemodialysis catheter malfunction
Authors: Pennetta Federico Francisco , Millarelli Massimiliano , De Santis Francesco , Bandiera Alessandra , Tozzi Matteo , Chiappa Roberto
Published: May 2024

In patients undergoing hemodialytic treatment via intravascular catheters, stenosis or occlusion of central veins is common. Despite an extensive characterization of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) no data is available about CavoAtrial Junction (CAJ) stenosis. We report the case of two patients with a story of multiple catheter failures due to thrombosis or infection. Computed tomography (CT) showed radiological signs of CAJ stenosis confirmed at the following venography. In absence of other feasible options to place a vascular access, the two underwent stenting with Gore Viabahn VBX balloon expandable endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) of the CAJ stenosis. Completion venography showed complete resolution of the stenosis in both patients. No complications occurred during the procedures. At a mean follow-up of 878 ± 559 days no signs of in-stent restenosis or recoil were found. The present cases emphasize the feasibility and safety of CAJ stenting, underlining the importance of preserving CAJ and upper veins patency in hemodialysis access.
Optimization of polyoxymethylene spur gear pair using meta-heuristic algorithms: A comparative study
Authors: Elsiedy Marah A , Zayed Abdelhameed A , Hegazi Hesham A , El-Kassas Ahmed M
Published: May 2024

Design-optimization of power transmitted elements such as gears is a complicated process to accomplish as the mathematical model acquires to be in compliance with the optimization algorithm used. Utilization of technical standards and handbooks assisted engineers and designers with designing the gears, however the results were inefficient, thus meta-heuristic algorithms were approved for optimization, for example, genetic algorithm. In this paper, optimization of single stage spur gear pair made of polyoxymethylene material was carried out using genetic algorithm (GA), artificial bee colony (ABC), JAYA, grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) in MATLAB. Three single functions were used as objectives, those are, weight, power loss, and center distance. Module ( m), face width ( b), number of pinion teeth ( z1), and finally profile shifts ( x1, x2) served as design variables. Unlike steel gears which were constrained by handling root bending stress and flank pressure, more constraints were added to the problem with the increase of complexity such as root and flank temperature, tooth deformation, and wear abrasion. The results showed a significant decrease in all three objectives when optimizing each objective solely with variation of the variables. It is also observed that JAYA has the superiority in decreasing the three objectives in comparison to GA and ABC nevertheless, in agreement with GWO, and WOA.
Disaffected partisans who want a third party are just as polarized
Authors: Wu Victor Y , Bafumi Joseph
Published: May 2024

Discontent with the Republican and Democratic parties has sparked widespread concerns about third-party vote splitting. However, few studies have measured the policy preferences of Republicans and Democrats who believe a third party is needed. Our survey addresses this gap in the literature. Across 14 issues, we compare the policy preferences of disaffected partisans who say a third party is needed and the preferences of partisans who do not. We provide evidence against the popular narrative that disaffected partisans converge towards a centrist or moderate third party. Our results show that disaffected partisans are just as polarized. Additionally, we confirm research showing most Americans — Republicans and Democrats alike — now say both parties are inadequate, and a third party is needed. This willingness to signal dissatisfaction with one’s own party may suggest that partisanship functions not as an expressive social identity, but as an instrumental reflection of personal ideological preferences.
Infective native aneurysms of the infrapopliteal arteries – A systematic literature review and report of two cases
Authors: van den Hoven Pim , Fosbøl Emil , Ljungquist Oskar , Sörelius Karl
Published: May 2024

Infective native aneurysms (INA) of the infrapopliteal arteries are rare and have previously been poorly described. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the literature of this entity. Furthermore, two case reports of our own clinical experience are presented. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched for articles on INAs of the infrapopliteal segment from January 1990 to September 2023. Article screening and selection were performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines. A total of 98 articles were screened and 20 were eligible for inclusion, of which all were case reports. In total, 22 patients with 28 infrapopliteal INAs were identified. The majority of INAs were located in the tibioperoneal trunk ( n = 10, 36%) followed by the posterior tibial artery ( n = 7, 25%). A current, or history of, infective endocarditis (IE) was described in 18 out of 22 patients (82%). Two patients died during hospitalization and one patient required a transfemoral amputation. A conservative antibiotic-only approach was chosen in three out of 28 INAs, two of which were the case reports described in this article; surgical or endovascular intervention was performed in 19 out of 28 aneurysms. No complications occurred in the conservative group, but one complication (transfemoral amputation) occurred in the interventional group. Infrapopliteal INA is a rare entity, and most described cases are precipitated by IE. Surgery or endovascular treatment might be indicated, but more research is warranted to define which patient would benefit and by what surgical approach.
Young people's digital drawing practices as cultural heritage
Authors: Ågren Ylva , Aarsand Pål
Published: May 2024

This article focuses on young people as producers of cultural heritage and, in particular, on their drawing practices. Based on ten in-depth interviews with youth (aged 11–20) living in Sweden, we explore young people's digital drawing practices and what these mean to their everyday lives. This is relevant to the production of descriptive metadata when young people's pictures become a part of cultural heritage. Our analysis illustrates how young people engage with pictures that circulate across time, space, relationships and mediums, challenging the idea of pictures and meaning-making as fixed and final. This analysis offers valuable insights into cultural heritage by approaching it as a process and extending our ideas of how tangible and intangible heritage may interact. Furthermore, this article contributes to our understanding of young people's digital drawing practices from their own perspectives.
Sustainable entrepreneurship within fashion: La Gentle Factory story
Authors: Boulocher-Passet Véronique , Daly Peter , Ruaud Sabine
Published: May 2024

The French textile engineer, Christèle Merter, founded La Gentle Factory in 2014 as a label for capsule collections from the Happychic Group, a large, international men's ready-to-wear fashion retailer. Her objective is to promote simple, yet elegant ‘Made in France’ menswear made from organic materials and recycled products. The case discusses the challenges faced by the entrepreneur as she develops a sustainable clothing brand, first within a large group and then as an independent entrepreneur. The case also describes different forms of sustainable-oriented innovation in fashion and how narrative can aid the building of a new sustainable venture.
Safety and Effectiveness of Brachial Artery Preclosure by Purse-String Suture Technique for Left Subclavian Artery Revascularization in Stanford B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Gu Yiming , Wang Yadan , Xu Guoxiong , Zhang Zhixuan , Xu Chen , Yu Jingfan , Fang Changwen
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To assess the safety and efficacy of the combination of brachial artery (BA) cutdown with purse-string suture (PSS) for BA preclosure during fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair (f-TEVAR).

Methods

We reviewed the consecutive data in our center from January 2022 to May 2023. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, including the baseline characteristics, procedural details, complications, and outcomes. Dichotomous data were summarized as absolute values and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as median values and interquartile ranges (IQRs). All patients underwent arterial cutdown with the PSS technique for BA preclosure. The technique was considered successful when complete hemostasis was achieved and confirmed by ultrasonography 24 h postoperatively. The patients were followed up 30 days postoperatively for access-related complications.

Results

Forty-eight patients who underwent f-TEVAR with 48 BA access sites were included [36 males and 12 females; median age: 62 (IQR: 30-78) years]. The median body mass index was 27.3 (IQR: 21.2-32.7) kg/m2. The median access establishing and closing times were 7.8 (IQR: 6-9.3) min and 3.7 (IQR: 2.5-5) min, respectively. The median operative time and length of stay were 75 (IQR: 63-87) min and 7 (IQR: 5-9) days, respectively. Although the success rate was 100%, partial numbness in the median nerve distribution was noted in 1 patient in the forearm. This resolved spontaneously and no permanent neurological problem was seen. No other access-related complications were noted, and the total complication rate was 2.1% (1/48).

Conclusions

BA preclosure with the PSS technique is safe and effective for left subclavian artery revascularization in Stanford B aortic dissection and can be another option for access closure during f-TEVAR.
Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting severity of lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Oflar Ersan , Akdeniz Evliya , Yıldız Cennet , Koyuncu Atilla , Mavi Büşra , Karabulut Dilay , Çağlar Fatma Nihan Turhan , Kavala Ali Aycan , Türkyılmaz Saygın
Published: May 2024

Objective

Predictive value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been shown in clinical outcomes and complexity of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. We sight to evaluate value of SII in patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).

Methods

A total of 271 patients diagnosed with LEAD were included to our study. Blood samples of the patients were collected and analyzed for biochemical variables and complete blood count parameters. SII value of each patient was calculated. The complexity of atherosclerotic disease was classified according to Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) classification.

Results

Patients with TASC C-D were older than patients in TASC A-B group (63.06 ± 9.24 years and 60.85 ± 8.75 years, respectively). Other co-morbidities were comparable in both groups. Hemoglobin level and lymphocyte count were significantly lower, neutrophil, platelet counts, and SII values were significantly higher in patients with TASC C-D disease compared to that of patients with TASC A-B disease. SII showed significant correlation with the severity of LEAD (r = 0.363, p < .001). SII value of 664.24 predicted TASC C-D disease with a sensitivity and specificity of 60.8% and 73.3%, respectively. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SII had higher odds ratio compared to platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts.

Conclusion

Higher SII may indicate probability of more complex LEAD. This relationship seems plausible in terms of similar pathophysiology of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease.
‘They don’t do nothing’: Exploring marginalized people who use drugs’ experiences with and expectations of private security officers
Authors: Geldart Rachel , Greene Carolyn , Urbanik Marta-Marika , Maier Katharina
Published: May 2024

Private security guards are increasingly supplementing public police in the policing of urban parks. In the context of this expansion, little is known about how people who frequent and depend on access to these spaces, such as street-involved people who use drugs, view and experience private security. Drawing upon 30 interviews and ethnographic observations with unhoused, street-involved people who use drugs in a small Canadian city, findings show that participants held largely neutral views of security. Departing from common perceptions of marginalized people’s disdain towards the social control enacted by law enforcement actors, participants expected and wanted security officers to actively enhance everyone’s safety and well-being. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of this for security’s legitimacy, and recommendations for improving how private security engage communities.
The Glycemia Risk Index Predicts Performance of Diabetes Self-Management Habits in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Panfil Kelsey , Vandervelden Craig A. , Lockee Brent , Tallon Erin M. , Williams David D. , Lee Joyce M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) was developed in adults with diabetes and is a validated metric of quality of glycemia. Little is known about the relationship between GRI and type 1 diabetes (T1D) self-management habits, a validated assessment of youths’ engagement in habits associated with glycemic outcomes.

Method:

We retrospectively examined the relationship between GRI and T1D self-management habits in youth with T1D who received care from a Midwest pediatric diabetes clinic network. The GRI was calculated using seven days of continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data, and T1D self-management habits were assessed ±seven days from the GRI score. A mixed-effects Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the total number of habits youth engaged in with GRI, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), age, race, ethnicity, and insurance type as fixed effects and participant ID as a random effect to account for multiple clinic visits per individual.

Results:

The cohort included 1182 youth aged 2.5 to 18.0 years (mean = 13.8, SD = 3.5) comprising 50.8% male, 84.6% non-Hispanic White, and 64.8% commercial insurance users across a total of 6029 clinic visits. Glycemia Risk Index scores decreased as total number of habits performed increased, suggesting youth who performed more self-management habits achieved a higher quality of glycemia.

Conclusions:

In youth using CGMs, GRI may serve as an easily obtainable metric to help identify youth with above target glycemia, and engagement/disengagement in the T1D self-management habits may inform clinicians with suitable interventions for improving glycemic outcomes.
Two New Lupane-Type Triterpenes From the Stems and Leaves of Buxus latistyla Gagnep. and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Vo Hung Quoc , Viet Pham Ty , Le Anh Tuan , Hoang Hanh Nhu Thi , Nguyen Phu Quynh Dinh , Doan Le Nhat Thi , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Ho Duc Viet
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of compounds isolated from Buxus latistyla Gagnep. against selected cell lines. Methods: The isolation process was carried out using combined chromatographic techniques. The structural elucidation of compounds was achieved by combining 1D-/2D-NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of new compounds were also confirmed using ECD experiments. The sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay was employed to assess the toxicity of isolates against tested cell lines. Results: Two new lupane-type derivatives, 3 α-carbomethoxy-3 β-hydroxy-1,3-cyclo-1,2-seco-lup-20(29)-en-1-one (1) (buxlatistylate A) and 1 α-carbomethoxy-1 β-hydroxy-1,3-cyclo-2,3-seco-lup-20(29)-en-3-one (2) (buxlatistylate B), along with five known triterpenes, including lupeol (3), lupenone (4), betulin (5), 20(29)-lupene-2 α,3 α-diol (6), and 20(29)-lupene-2 α,3 α,28-triol (7), were isolated. Compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells MCF-7, SK-LU-1, and SW480, with IC50 values ranging from 36.33 to 84.16 μM, whereas compounds 3-5 did not show toxicity toward tested cell lines. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of lupane-type triterpenes containing the substituted cyclopentanone A-ring in their molecules. The biosynthetic pathways of these new compounds were also discussed and proposed herein. These findings indicate that B. latistyla holds potential for further in-depth studies on compounds with interesting structures that inhibit human cancer cells.
“Airport city” or “VIP” urbanism? Questioning the market-led land development strategies of airports
Authors: Frétigny Jean-Baptiste , Magnan Marion , Maulat Juliette , Pedro Mathilde
Published: May 2024

Airport authorities are gradually shaping urban spaces through their property development: hotels, business parks, conference centers, etc. This article challenges these development strategies pursued by increasingly financialized and privatized airports in the name of “airport city” policies. It shows that the changes underway are a vivid expression of a VIP model of urbanism, in which the airport authority, maximizing its revenues and land value, naturalizes its emphasis on high-end real-estate projects, and trivializing their social reach. The analysis draws on the case of the Paris city region, characterized by land scarcity and housing issues, and its airport authority, Aéroports de Paris (ADP), one of the largest landowners in the region. Using documents from ADP, a press corpus, and interviews, we highlight how the distinctive geography at play in air terminals changes scale by being projected onto real-estate “diversification” projects, as ADP opts for urbanization centered around the upper fractions of the flying public. This market-led development leads to a form of elite capture that seeks to dwarf or endogenize other existing and potential uses and users of airport land. This article further deconstructs this urban model by shedding light on the multiple tensions it generates and pleads for a more critical debate on airport land uses and planning.
Dynamic cardiac imaging as a preclinical cardiovascular pathophysiology teaching aid: Facta non verba
Authors: Cox Benjamin F , Pressman Peter
Published: May 2024

Dynamic, high-resolution imaging of functioning internal organs represents a clear, accessible, and potentially effective tool for teaching medical students preclinical pathophysiology at the basic science level. This assertion is especially true when considering the subject of cardiovascular pathology, an organ in constant motion. Color Doppler echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provide valuable insight into the functional consequences of cardiovascular disease. Post-processing and cine-loop technology can provide clear and concise demonstrations of specific cardiovascular disorders which can be reviewed ad infinitum. Adapting a strategy of providing dynamic examples of cardiovascular disorders can have immense benefits in teaching conceptually elusive subjects at the basic science level. A further benefit to the discipline of radiology is through increased involvement in medical student preclinical education. This is but a limited example of the large positive potential dynamic imaging can play in educating students about cardiovascular disease as well as other systems.
Neuroinvasion of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses: A scoping review
Authors: Srichawla Bahadar S , Manan Muhammad Romail , Kipkorir Vincent , Dhali Arkadeep , Diebel Sebastian , Sawant Tirtha , Zia Subtain , Carrion-Alvarez Diego , Suteja Richard C , Nurani Khulud , Găman Mihnea-Alexandru
Published: May 2024

Background:

Arboviruses are RNA viruses and some have the potential to cause neuroinvasive disease and are a growing threat to global health.

Objectives:

Our objective is to identify and map all aspects of arbovirus neuroinvasive disease, clarify key concepts, and identify gaps within our knowledge with appropriate future directions related to the improvement of global health.

Methods:

Sources of Evidence: A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Hinari. Eligibility Criteria: Original data including epidemiology, risk factors, neurological manifestations, neuro-diagnostics, management, and preventive measures related to neuroinvasive arbovirus infections was obtained. Sources of evidence not reporting on original data, non-English, and not in peer-reviewed journals were removed. Charting Methods: An initial pilot sample of 30 abstracts were reviewed by all authors and a Cohen’s kappa of κ = 0.81 (near-perfect agreement) was obtained. Records were manually reviewed by two authors using the Rayyan QCRI software.

Results:

A total of 171 records were included. A wide array of neurological manifestations can occur most frequently, including parkinsonism, encephalitis/encephalopathy, meningitis, flaccid myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain often reveals subcortical lesions, sometimes with diffusion restriction consistent with acute ischemia. Vertical transmission of arbovirus is most often secondary to the Zika virus. Neurological manifestations of congenital Zika syndrome, include microcephaly, failure to thrive, intellectual disability, and seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis often shows lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated albumin, and protein consistent with blood-brain barrier dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Arbovirus infection with neurological manifestations leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for disease include living and traveling in an arbovirus endemic zone, age, pregnancy, and immunosuppressed status. The management of neuroinvasive arbovirus disease is largely supportive and focuses on specific neurological complications. There is a need for therapeutics and currently, management is based on disease prevention and limiting zoonosis.
Does vitamin D supplementation benefit patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who are vitamin D deficient? A study was performed at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Suliman Hiba Abdelmunim , Elkhawad Abdalla Omer , Babiker Omer Osman , Alhaj Yousif Mohammed , Eltom Kholod Hamad , Elnour Asim Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by insufficient production of insulin. Many studies have linked type 1 diabetes mellitus to vitamin D3 deficiency. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Sudanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and assessed the impact of vitamin D deficiency treatment on their glycemic control.

Methods:

In 2019–2022, we conducted a quasi-experimental study on 115 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1–19 years old) at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center. Vitamin D supplements were given orally to deficient patients for 3 months. The concentrations of hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, insulin dosage, and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)) were measured before and after vitamin D3 administration. One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate the effect of supplementation.

Results:

Only 27% of type 1 diabetes mellitus children were deficient in vitamin D, whereas 31.1% were inadequate and 40.9% were sufficient. The administration of vitamin D supplements slightly improved hemoglobin A1c levels in 67.7% of the patients, but the difference was not significant (mean 10.8 ± 2.1% before, 10.1 ± 2.5% after, p0.05 = 0.199). However, there was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose level (mean: 174.978.5–136.759.1 ng/ml; p0.05 = 0.049). Vitamin D levels were significantly increased after treatment (mean = 49.6 ng/mL; t-test = −11.6, 95% CI 40.8–(−28.6); p0.05 = 0.000). After vitamin D3 supplementation, 25.8% of individuals changed their insulin dosage; however, there was no significant variation in insulin needs.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Sudan is relatively high; incorporating vitamin D supplements in their treatment plan may improve their glycemic control.