The Quest for Fairness: Unraveling the Health Risks and Societal Influences of Skin Lightening Among Young Adults in Ilorin West, Nigeria (Preprint)
Authors: Bilewu Olaolu Oyinlola , Raimi Morufu Olalekan , Adegboyegba Oyeniyi , Taiye Ige , Sulayman Saka Bolakale , Alake Idowu David 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Skin-lightening practices have become increasingly prevalent among young adults, influenced by societal beauty standards, cultural norms, and economic factors. Despite their popularity, these practices pose significant health risks, including adverse skin reactions and psychological impacts. Limited awareness of the dangers and regulatory gaps exacerbates the issue, necessitating targeted public health interventions and policy reforms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the health risks and socio-demographic factors associated with skin-lightening practices among young adults in Ilorin West, Nigeria. It further sought to identify socio-demographic factors influencing these behaviors and to propose evidence-based recommendations for addressing the associated health risks.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 450 participants, predominantly young adults aged 18-23 years. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics, skin-lightening product usage, health implications, and influencing factors. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were performed to assess associations between socio-demographic variables and skin-lightening prevalence.

RESULTS

The study revealed a high prevalence of skin-lightening practices (65.3%) among participants, with the majority being young, single, female students with secondary education. Adverse health effects, such as skin irritation (37.8%) and darkening (25.3%), were commonly reported. Despite this, 76.2% of respondents were unaware of the long-term risks associated with these products. Cultural and economic factors, including affordability and tribal norms, significantly influenced behavior. For instance, the Hausa group exhibited the highest prevalence (73.5%), while younger demographics aged 21-23 reported the highest usage rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Skin-lightening practices among young adults are driven by a complex interplay of personal preferences, societal pressures, and cultural norms. The high prevalence of adverse health effects, coupled with limited awareness, underscores the urgent need for public health interventions. Regulatory measures and culturally sensitive campaigns can mitigate the associated risks and promote healthier beauty standards. Policymakers should implement stricter regulations on the production and sale of harmful skin-lightening products. Public health campaigns must focus on increasing awareness of the health risks and promoting self-acceptance. Community-based advocacy and collaborations with social influencers can help reshape societal beauty norms to embrace diverse skin tones. The study highlights the critical health risks associated with skin-lightening practices, particularly among vulnerable youth populations. By addressing the cultural and societal drivers of these behaviors, stakeholders can improve physical and mental health outcomes, promote self-acceptance, and reduce the reliance on harmful beauty practices.