bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Formidable Task: Reflections on obtaining legal empirical evidence on human trafficking in Canada
Authors: Millar Hayli , O'Doherty Tamara , Roots Katrin
Published: May 2017

This article explores the experiences, challenges and findings of two empirical research studies examining Canada’s legal efforts to combat human trafficking. The authors outline the methodologies of their respective studies and reflect on some of the difficulties they faced in obtaining empirical data on human trafficking court cases and legal proceedings. Ultimately, the authors found that Canadian trafficking case law developments are in their early stages with very few convictions, despite a growing number of police-reported charges. The authors assert it is difficult to assess the efficacy and effects of Canadian anti-trafficking laws and policies due to the institutional and political limitations to collecting legal data in this highly politicised subject area. They conclude with five recommendations to increase the transparency of Canada’s public claims about its anti-trafficking enforcement efforts and call for more empirically-based law reform.
The Dependence of Airport Profit on Passenger Satisfaction and Operational Efficiency
Authors: Vokáč Roman , Lánský Milan , Szabo Stanislav
Published: May 2017

Since the airports are in fact commercial companies, their main objective is to make profit. Therefore, it is important for the airports to identify the business activities that may increase the income as well as those that may reduce the costs. The terminal process, handling the passengers’ baggage both on their departure and arrival, is a basic process at all airports that are intended for the commercial air transport. The quality of the terminal process provided by the airports has a significant impact on the passengers especially in terms of their satisfaction. In this text, the passenger satisfaction is regarded as a key factor of the terminal process affecting a whole range of other areas. Its high efficiency leads to cost reduction from the perspective of the airport. As it is proposed here, there is a connection between the passenger satisfaction and the process efficiency. For example, the queues that form due to the check-in process may be a result of the imbalance between the passenger arrival rate and the service rate. Therefore, there is a necessity of improving not only the passenger satisfaction but also the process efficiency.
Die Holzknappheit im Sahel und das Potential der Solarkocher Wood Scarcity in the Sahel and the Potential of Solar Cookers
Authors: Krämer Paul
Published: May 2017

Wood is a renewable energy resource. Sustainable use of wood, however, means consumption is replaced by new growth. However, in some countries or regions, this equilibrium may be disturbed due to deforestation
and desertification resulting in less wood produced than woody biomass burnt. In this article, climate effects of wood fuel use and possible emission reductions through the use of solar cookers as a replacement
technology are discussed. For the examples of Chad and Burkina Faso, problems of acceptance and affordability in a context of poverty and possible ways of financing are equally addressed.
Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Berbasis Mobile Untuk Diagnosis Dini Meningitis
Authors: Hardiyanti Mona Pradipta , Isnanto R. Rizal , Windasari Ike Pertiwi
Published: May 2017

In Indonesia, cases of meningitis happen quite a lot because meningitis patients are not aware that he was infected with meningitis. This is because the early symptoms resemble regular headaches. Lack of community information about a disease and its symptoms and causes make the process of treatment is slow so it can make the disease worse and fatal. This research is devoted to makes of meningitis expert system that can be used by the public to solve the problem. This expert system is developed using Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC). The steps to create an expert system using this method are assessment, acquisition of knowledge, design, and testing. This application tested using black box testing methods and directly testing by an expert. Based on test results showed a qualitative testing that system there is no error of its functions. Application of expert system can make the process of diagnosis according to the data obtained from the experts. For renew of disease and symptoms, it can be done by modifying the database.Di Indonesia kasus meningitis terjadi cukup banyak dikarenakan penderita meningitis yang tidak mengetahui bahwa dirinya terserang meningitis. Hal ini karena gejala awal penyakit menyerupai sakit kepala biasa. Kurangnya informasi masyarakat tentang suatu penyakit beserta gejala dan penyebabnya membuat proses penanganannya menjadi lambat sehingga dapat membuat penyakit semakin parah dan berakibat fatal. Penelitian ini dikhususkan untuk pembuatan sistem pakar meningitis yang bisa digunakan oleh masyarakat memecahkan masalah tersebut. Sistem pakar dibuat dengan metodologi Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC). Langkah pembuatan sistem pakar menggunakan metode ini adalah penilaian, akuisisi pengetahuan, desain, dan pengujian. Pengujian aplikasi ini menggunakan metode pengujian kotak hitam dan pengujian langsung oleh pakar. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan hasil pengujian secara kualitatif bahwa sistem tidak terdapat kesalahan dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsinya. Aplikasi sistem pakar dapat melakukan proses diagnosis penyakit sesuai data yang didapatkan dari pakar. Untuk memperbarui penyakit dan gejala dilakukan dengan cara merubah basisdata.
Chiral ionic liquids with a (−)-menthol component as wood preservatives
Authors: Zabielska-Matejuk Jadwiga , Feder-Kubis Joanna , Stangierska Anna , Przybylski Piotr
Published: May 2017

Research has been conducted on the biotic activity of eight chiral ionic liquids (CILs) with a natural component in the form of (−)-menthol with the configuration (1R,2S,5R) against Basidiomycetes and Fungi imperfecti. Optically active imidazolium salts were tested as follows: several asymmetric 3-alkyl-1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthoxymethyl]imidazolium chlorides with various alkyl substituents (from methyl to dodecyl) and one symmetric 1,3-bis[(1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthoxymethyl]imidazolium chloride containing two (1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthol substituents. Mycological tests were carried out with brown-rot and white-rot fungi, as well as with filamentous fungi, i.e. mold fungi and blue stain fungi. The new, optically active compounds demonstrated diverse effectiveness of fungicidal activity, which was dependent on the chemical structure of the functional groups. The natural (−)-menthol component, introduced as a substituent in ionic liquids, turned out to be an optically active compound with activity against wood-destroying fungi. (1R,2S,5R)-(−)-menthol was especially active against the fungi tested. The fungicidal value of imidazolium chloride with two (−)-menthol substituents against Coniophora puteana ranged from 1.8 to 2.9 kg m−3. The adsorption processes on Scots pine wood and resistance to water leaching were examined. The sorption properties of symmetric salts with two optical active (−)-menthol substituents fitted very well with the Freundlich adsorption model. Attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR) spectra confirmed that methylene groups of the aliphatic substituent, the ring of the heterocyclic imidazole, as well as the ether bridge of the natural (−)-menthol component were fixed in the structure of the impregnated pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.). The positive results encourage further investigation of the potential application of novel functional CILs (Figure 1) for wood protection.
Evaluation of hepatic glycogen content, some haematological and biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with combinations of glibenclamide and G. latifolium extract
Authors: Aba Patrick E.
Published: May 2017

Background

Diabetes is associated with both biochemical and haematological complications. Combination therapy has been advocated to mitigate some of these complications.

Aim

This study was designed to investigate the effects of glibenclamide and Gongronema latifolium (GL) on hepatic glycogen content and haemato-biochemical parameters.

Methods

Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of six rats each. Groups 2–5 rats received intraperitoneally, 160 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate while group 1 rats served as normal control. Groups 2–5 rats were respectively treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water (DW), 2 mg/kg glibenclamide, 200 mg/kg GL and 2 mg/kg glibenclamide and 200 mg/kg GL, while group 1 rats received 10 mL/kg DW. All treatments were per os daily for 21 days. Blood samples for investigation of haemato-biochemical (red blood cell [RBC], packed cell volume [PCV], haemoglobin concentration [Hb], blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine) parameters were collected on days 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment (PT), while the liver sample for hepatic glycogen determination was obtained on day 21 PT.

Results

Creatinine and BUN values of groups 3 and 4 rats were comparable to that of group 1 but were significantly (p<0.05) lower when compared with those of groups 2 and 5. There were significant (p<0.05) increases in the mean hepatic glycogen content, RBC, PCV, and Hb of group 4 rats when compared to those of group 2.

Conclusions

It was concluded that a combination of glibenclamide and G. latifolium in treatment of diabetic rats improved glycogen storage and demonstrated beneficial effects on haematology and kidney marker parameters.
TA-ABC: Two-Archive Artificial Bee Colony for Multi-objective Software Module Clustering Problem
Authors: Amarjeet  , Chhabra Jitender Kumar
Published: May 2017

Multi-objective software module clustering problem (M-SMCP) aims to automatically produce clustering solutions that optimize multiple conflicting clustering criteria simultaneously. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been a most appropriate alternate for solving M-SMCPs. Recently, it has been observed that the performance of MOEAs based on Pareto dominance selection technique degrades with multi-objective optimization problem having more than three objective functions. To alleviate this issue for M-SMCPs containing more than three objective functions, we propose a two-archive based artificial bee colony (TA-ABC) algorithm. For this contribution, a two-archive concept has been incorporated in the TA-ABC algorithm. Additionally, an improved indicator-based selection method is used instead of Pareto dominance selection technique. To validate the performance of TA-ABC, an empirical study is conducted with two well-known M-SMCPs, i.e. equal-size cluster approach and maximizing cluster approach, each containing five objective functions. The clustering result produced by TA-ABC is compared with existing genetic based two-archive algorithm (TAA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) over seven un-weighted and 10 weighted practical problems. The comparison results show that the proposed TA-ABC outperforms significantly TAA and NSGA-II in terms of modularization quality, coupling, cohesion, Pareto optimality, inverted generational distance, hypervolume, and spread performance metrics.
Effect of Bicyclol tablets on drug induced liver injuries after kidney transplantation
Authors: Shang Wenjun , Feng Yonghua , Li Jinfeng , Wang Xinzhou , Xie Hongchang , Feng Guiwen
Published: May 2017

Liver injury is one of the most common complications in patients after kidney transplantation. Bicyclol tablets possess obvious anti-inflammatory and liver-protective functions. This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of preventive application of Bicyclol on drug induced liver injuries at an early stage after kidney transplantation.

A total of 1600 patients who accepted kidney transplantations at our hospital from January 2009 to May 2015 were enrolled in this study, and divided into the prevention group (Bicyclol) and the control group (no hepatic protectors) based on whether or not hepatic protectors were regularly administered after the operation. The occurrence of liver injuries at an early stage after the operation and their influencing factors were analyzed.

Total of 745 cases were included in the final analysis of which 82 developed liver injuries post-operation, with 22 in the prevention group (4.82%) as compared to 60 in the control group (20.76%) (P= 0.001). As compared to the control group, OR (95% CI) of the prevention group was 0.197 (0.116, 0.334) after revising HBsAg status, age and maintenance immunosuppression.

Prophylactic application of Bicyclol as liver-protective treatment was a protective factor against drug induced liver injuries at an early stage after kidney transplantation.
The clinical characteristics of patients with chronic idiopathic anal pain
Authors: Mao Weiming , Liao Xiujun , Wu Wenjing , Yu Yanyan , Yang Guangen
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and psychological distress in patients with chronic idiopathic anal pain. The study was conducted on patients referred to Hangzhou Third Hospital for chronic anal pain from January, 2010 to December, 2014. Patient demographics, clinical history, anorectal physiology, and radiological imaging data were recorded for all patients. The treatment outcome was noted for patients treated and followed up for more than 6 month at the present unit. Ninety-six patients with mean age of 45.1 years (range, 17-82) were studied. Seventy-one patients (74.0%) had functional anorectal pain(FARP). The main complaints were dull, sharp, stabbing, or spasm pain. Among all patients, 34.3% reported that their pain radiated into other locations. Fifty-one patients (53.1%) had bowel dysfunction, while 28.1% patients had urinary dysfunction. The common factors associated with pain relief were day time, lying down and warm water baths; the factors that contributed to aggravated pain were night time, defecation or sitting. 92.7% (89/96) of patients reported symptoms of psychological disturbance. FARP patients exhibited increased depression than non-FARP patients(P<0.05). In addition, female patients were more likely to have depression than male patients (P<0.05). The overall pain treatment success rate was 55.2% (53/96). The pain treatment outcome was better in non-FARP patients than in FARP patients(χ2=3.85, P<0.05). Conclusively, chronic idiopathic anal pain is a complex clinical symptom, involving pelvic floor muscles, the nervous system, endocrine system, and the patients’ psychological conditions. Further research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment for patients with chronic idiopathic anal pain.
The crystal structure of the Schiff base (E)-2,6-diisopropyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl-methylene)aniline, C18H22N2
Authors: Njogu Eric M. , Omondi Bernard , Nyamori Vincent O.
Published: May 2017

C18H22N2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.1226(5) Å, b = 17.4745(10) Å, c = 11.1822(6) Å, β = 102.549(2)°, V = 1549.27(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0397, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1071, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C17H16O2
Authors: Köysal Yavuz , Bülbül Hakan , Özdemir Funda , İlhan İlhan Özer , Dege Necmi
Published: May 2017

C17H16O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.6963(12) Å, b = 11.1187(8) Å, c = 11.6902(10) Å, β = 115.545(7)°, V = 1371.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0865, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[di-(μ3-oxido-κ3
O:O:O)-tetraoxido-(μ2-5′-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H,2′H-3,3′-bi(1,2,4-triazole)-κ2
N:N′)dimolybdenum(VI)], C8H6Mo2N8O6
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nie Cong-Kui , Zhao Dan
Published: May 2017

C8H6Mo2N8O6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.3053(7) Å, b = 8.7683(9) Å, c = 11.6150(12) Å, α = 87.578(2)°, β = 74.490(2)°, γ = 71.912(2)°, V = 680.80(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.454, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1100, T = 296 K.
Development and characterization of a formulation based covalent conjugation with polyacrylic acid and recombinant major surface antigen (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Cakir Koc Rabia , Budama Kilinc Yasemin
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Toxoplasmosis is a major disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii that infects approximately half the world’s population. The development of an effective vaccine would be extremely valuable for preventing disease. SAG1 is a major surface antigen of parasites and one of the most antigenic proteins of T. gondii. Developing highly antigenic and effective vaccine formulations using new generations of adjuvants and delivery systems is very important. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a polymer that increases the immunogenicity of an antigen to which it is covalently linked. The aim of this study was to develop a new formulation candidate with high stability and immunogenicity potential against toxoplasmosis via a covalent conjugation of PAA and the SAG1 protein.

Methods

PAA and SAG1 were covalently conjugated using a water-soluble carbodiimide crosslinker that activates carboxyl groups for spontaneous reaction with primary amines. To demonstrate conjugation of these molecules in size exclusion chromatography (SEC), fluorescence spectroscopy was used.

Results

For the first time, one of the most important surface antigens of T. gondii was conjugated to a PAA polymer, SEC and fluorescence spectra results.

Discussion and conclusion

The obtained SAG1-PAA conjugate can be used for vaccine development against T. gondii in future.
Diseño y validación de un cuestionario para conocer la praxis docente del profesorado de flauta travesera en centros superiores de la comunidad valenciana / Designing and validating a questionnaire to determine the teaching praxis of the transverse flute
Authors: Botella Nicolás Ana María , Escorihuela Carbonell Guillem
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio es diseñar y validar un cuestionario para conocer la opinión del profesorado de las enseñanzas superiores de flauta travesera de la Comunidad Valenciana sobre la praxis docente. La población de referencia está formada por el conjunto de profesores de flauta travesera de los tres conservatorios superiores de música de la Comunidad Valenciana: CSM “Oscar Esplà” de Alicante, CSM “Joaquín Rodrigo” de Valencia y CSM “Salvador Seguí” de Castellón. El cuestionario fue enviado a toda la población y la muestra generadora de datos resultó ser del 100%. Sin embargo dos de los encuestados no respondieron, por tanto tenemos un sesgo del 33’33%. Se considera que el estudio sigue siendo viable debido a que hay por lo menos 1 sujeto que responde de cada centro, por ello hay información de los tres centros de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el cuestionario es válido y fiable para conocer la opinión sobre la praxis docente de la flauta en los conservatorios superiores de la Comunidad Valenciana.
Bienestar Emocional. Sánchez Cobarro, P., García Gómez, M., Gómez Díaz, M., Gómez Sánchez, R., y Delgado Gómez, M.S. Madrid: Dykinson, 2016
Authors: Guerrero Escusa María Joaquina
Published: May 2017

Reseña.
On Collards1
Authors: Durham Aisha
Published: May 2017

Durham describes autoethnography as a spiritual act of political self-determination and reclamation in a narrative that privileges the matrifocal ritual of cooking collards. As a site of creative, intellectual, and political production, Durham uses the kitchen to connect to the living memories of her mothers, broader Southern Black American culture, and black feminist thought. She also uses foodways to link the lived experiences of women of African descent who recall, remember, and represent their interior worlds in word.
An Adoptee Autoethnographic Femifesta
Authors: Harris Anne
Published: May 2017

This femifesta, based in the lived experience of adoptees, calls for an autoethnography that moves beyond humanist and evaluative concerns.
Hyper‐reactive cloned mice generated by direct nuclear transfer of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells
Authors: Kaminuma Osamu , Katayama Kazufumi , Inoue Kimiko , Saeki Mayumi , Nishimura Tomoe , Kitamura Noriko , Shimo Yusuke , Tofukuji Soichi , Ishida Satoru , Ogonuki Narumi , Kamimura Satoshi , Oikawa Mami , Katoh Shigeki , Mori Akio , Shichijo Michitaka , Hiroi Takachika , Ogura Atsuo
Published: May 2017

T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐transgenic mice have been employed for evaluating antigen‐response mechanisms, but their non‐endogenous TCR might induce immune response differently than the physiologically expressed TCR. Nuclear transfer cloning produces animals that retain the donor genotype in all tissues including germline and immune systems. Taking advantage of this feature, we generated cloned mice that carry endogenously rearranged TCR genes from antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells. We show that T cells of the cloned mice display distinct developmental pattern and antigen reactivity because of their endogenously pre‐rearranged TCRα (rTα) and TCRβ (rTβ) alleles. These alleles were transmitted to the offspring, allowing us to establish a set of mouse lines that show chronic‐type allergic phenotypes, that is, bronchial and nasal inflammation, upon local administrations of the corresponding antigens. Intriguingly, the existence of either rTα or rTβ is sufficient to induce in vivo hypersensitivity. These cloned mice expressing intrinsic promoter‐regulated antigen‐specific TCR are a unique animal model with allergic predisposition for investigating CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated pathogenesis and cellular commitment in immune diseases.
Human relaxins (RLNH1, RLNH2), their receptor (RXFP1) and fetoplacental growth
Authors: Yamasato Kelly , Tsai Pai-Jong Stacy , Davis James , Yamamoto Sandra Y , Bryant-Greenwood Gillian D
Published: May 2017

Relaxin, a systemic and placental hormone, has potential roles in fetoplacental growth. Human placenta expresses two RLN genes, RLNH1 and RLNH2. Maternal obesity is common and is associated with abnormal fetal growth. Our aims were to relate systemic and cord blood RLNH2, placental RLNs and their receptor (RXFP1) with fetoplacental growth in context of maternal body mass index, and associations with insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in the same placentas. Systemic, cord blood and placental samples were collected prior to term labor, divided by prepregnancy body mass index: underweight/normal (N = 25) and overweight/obese (N = 44). Blood RLNH2 was measured by ELISA; placental RLNH2, RLNH1, RXFP1, IGF2 and VEGFA were measured by quantitative immunohistochemistry and mRNAs were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Birthweight increased with systemic RLNH2 only in underweight/normal women (P = 0.036). Syncytiotrophoblast RLNH2 was increased in overweight/obese patients (P = 0.017) and was associated with placental weight in all subjects (P = 0.038). RLNH1 had no associations with birthweight or placental weight, but was associated with increased trophoblast and endothelial IGF2 and VEGFA, due to female fetal sex. Thus, while systemic RLNH2 may be involved in birthweight regulation in underweight/normal women, placental RLNH2 in all subjects may be involved in placental weight. A strong association of trophoblast IGF2 with birthweight and placental weight in overweight/obese women suggests its importance. However, an association of only RLNH1 with placental IGF2 and VEGFA was dependent upon female fetal sex. These results suggest that both systemic and placental RLNs may be associated with fetoplacental growth.
Assessment of Single Cell RNA-Seq Normalization Methods
Authors: Ding Bo , Zheng Lina , Wang Wei
Published: May 2017

We have assessed the performance of seven normalization methods for single cell RNA-seq using data generated from dilution of RNA samples. Our analyses showed that methods considering spike-in External RNA Control Consortium (ERCC) RNA molecules significantly outperformed those not considering ERCCs. This work provides a guidance of selecting normalization methods to remove technical noise in single cell RNA-seq data.
A Slowed Cell Cycle Stabilizes the Budding Yeast Genome
Authors: Vinton Peter J , Weinert Ted
Published: May 2017

During cell division, aberrant DNA structures are detected by regulators called checkpoints that slow division to allow error correction. In addition to checkpoint-induced delay, it is widely assumed, though rarely shown, that merely slowing the cell cycle might allow more time for error detection and correction, thus resulting in a more stable genome. Fidelity by a slowed cell cycle might be independent of checkpoints. Here we tested the hypothesis that a slowed cell cycle stabilizes the genome, independent of checkpoints, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We were led to this hypothesis when we identified a gene (ERV14, an ER cargo membrane protein) that when mutated, unexpectedly stabilized the genome, as measured by three different chromosome assays. After extensive studies of pathways rendered dysfunctional in erv14 mutant cells, we are led to the inference that no particular pathway is involved in stabilization, but rather the slowed cell cycle induced by erv14 stabilized the genome. We then demonstrated that, in genetic mutations and chemical treatments unrelated to ERV14, a slowed cell cycle indeed correlates with a more stable genome, even in checkpoint-proficient cells. Data suggest a delay in G2/M may commonly stabilize the genome. We conclude that chromosome errors are more rarely made or are more readily corrected when the cell cycle is slowed (even ∼15 min longer in an ∼100-min cell cycle). And, some chromosome errors may not signal checkpoint-mediated responses, or do not sufficiently signal to allow correction, and their correction benefits from this “time checkpoint.”
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos colaborativos de entornos de programación a partir de proyectos de ingeniería civil
Authors: Herrera Rodrigo Fernando
Published: May 2017

The objective of this research is to present and support the implementation of a teaching methodology based on active learning in a programming course taught to students of the first year of the civil engineering career. The active learning techniques used are project-based learning and collaborative learning. The research methodology is the study of three cases. The application of this methodology is supported by the increase in the percentages of achievement of the learning results obtained by the students of the same course in which this methodology was implemented (academic year 2015), to the detriment of students where a traditional methodology of teaching was applied (academic year 2013-2014). To evaluate the achievement, formative and summative evaluations were used by the teaching staff (heteroevaluation), and a self-assessment was implemented at the end of the course as well. From the obtained results it is evident that, when applying an active methodology, the students increase their achievement in each learning result; they reduce the gap between their perception of what is learned and the evaluation of teachers; and they improve their attitudinal skills (self-learning, teamwork, development and presentation of reports), among other benefits.
El acceso a la educación superior: El caso de jóvenes indígenas de Oaxaca y Guerrero
Authors: López-Santiago Noemi , Reyes-Pérez Omar De Jesús
Published: May 2017

This literature review article aims to present the current state of the higher education in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico, so that to show the limited access for the young indigenous population and its relationship to poverty. The issue being addressed is of significance since both Mexican states have an average of schooling below the national average: the human development index in Guerrero is 0.679, and in Oaxaca it is 0.681, two of the lowest indexes in the country. By implementing some tools of descriptive statistics and information about the latest school cycles (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), we found that half of youth population in these two states lives in rural areas, one-fourth are speakers of an indigenous language, and only slightly more than ten per cent of indigenous young people over 18 years old belong to the total enrollment of higher education.
Safety Profile of Cough and Cold Medication Use in Pediatrics
Authors: Green Jody L. , Wang George Sam , Reynolds Kate M. , Banner William , Bond G. Randall , Kauffman Ralph E. , Palmer Robert B. , Paul Ian M. , Dart Richard C.
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The safety of cough and cold medication (CCM) use in children has been questioned. We describe the safety profile of CCMs in children <12 years of age from a multisystem surveillance program.

METHODS:

Cases with adverse events (AEs) after ingestion of at least 1 index CCM ingredient (brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, guaifenesin, phenylephrine, and pseudoephedrine) in children <12 years of age were collected from 5 data sources. An expert panel determined relatedness, dose, intent, and risk factors. Case characteristics and AEs are described.

RESULTS:

Of the 4202 cases reviewed, 3251 (77.4%) were determined to be at least potentially related to a CCM, with accidental unsupervised ingestions (67.1%) and medication errors (13.0%) the most common exposure types. Liquid (67.3%), pediatric (75.5%), and single-ingredient (77.5%) formulations were most commonly involved. AEs occurring in >20% of all cases included tachycardia, somnolence, hallucinations, ataxia, mydriasis, and agitation. Twenty cases (0.6%) resulted in death; most were in children <2 years of age (70.0%) and none involved a therapeutic dose. The overall reported AE rate was 0.573 cases per 1 million units (ie, tablets, gelatin capsules, or liquid equivalent) sold (95% confidence interval, 0.553–0.593) or 1 case per 1.75 million units.

CONCLUSIONS:

The rate of AEs associated with CCMs in children was low. Fatalities occurred even less frequently. No fatality involved a therapeutic dose. Accidental unsupervised ingestions were the most common exposure types and single-ingredient, pediatric liquid formulations were the most commonly reported products. These characteristics present an opportunity for targeted prevention efforts.
Herbal Medicines for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anheyer Dennis , Frawley Jane , Koch Anna Katharina , Lauche Romy , Langhorst Jost , Dobos Gustav , Cramer Holger
Published: May 2017

CONTEXT:

Gastrointestinal disorders are common childhood complaints. Particular types of complementary and alternative medicine, such as herbal medicine, are commonly used among children. Research information on efficacy, safety, or dosage forms is still lacking.

OBJECTIVES:

To systematically summarize effectiveness and safety of different herbal treatment options for gastrointestinal disorders in children.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 15, 2016.

STUDY SELECTION:

Randomized controlled trials comparing herbal therapy with no treatment, placebo, or any pharmaceutical medication in children and adolescents (aged 0–18 years) with gastrointestinal disorders were eligible.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two authors extracted data on study design, patients, interventions, control interventions, results, adverse events, and risk of bias.

RESULTS:

Fourteen trials with 1927 participants suffering from different acute and functional gastrointestinal disorders were included in this review. Promising evidence for effectiveness was found for Potentilla erecta, carob bean juice, and an herbal compound preparation including Matricaria chamomilla in treating diarrhea. Moreover, evidence was found for peppermint oil in decreasing duration, frequency, and severity of pain in children suffering from undifferentiated functional abdominal pain. Furthermore, evidence for effectiveness was found for different fennel preparations (eg, oil, tea, herbal compound) in treating children with infantile colic. No serious adverse events were reported.

LIMITATIONS:

Few studies on specific indications, single herbs, or herbal preparations could be identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

Because of the limited number of studies, results have to be interpreted carefully. To underpin evidence outlined in this review, more rigorous clinical trials are needed.
Методика комп’ютерного моделювання та анімації будівництва індивідуального житлового будинку на схилах для навчального процесу у вишій школі
Authors: Svidrak I.H. , Topchiy V.I. , Kushynov M.P. , Maksysko O.R.
Published: May 2017

Стаття присвячена опрацюванню методики моделювання індивідуального житлового будинку на схилах та створення анімаційних послідовностей для презентаційних переглядів в середовищі графічної системи AutoCAD. Характерною ознакою розвитку сучасної будівельної індустрії є застосування на стадії розробки систем комп’ютерного проектування (САПР). Вивчення та засвоєння студентами графічної системи AutoCAD, яка є однією із поширеніших комп’ютерних систем інженерного рівня, базується, зокрема, на методичному забезпеченні лабораторних та практичних занять з інженерної та комп’ютерної графіки. Адже в умовах інформаційного суспільства навчальний процес повинен проходити як засіб професійного розвитку студентів, а головне завдання освіти – створення умов для самоосвіти, пов’язаної з розвитком творчого та критичного мислення студента при наявності певної кількості знань та навичок, необхідних майбутньому спеціалістові. Тенденція до зменшення кількості аудиторних годин у ВШ вимагає самостійного опрацювання студентами багатьох тем по спеціальності. Багато з напрямків досліджень, які надаються студентам на самоопрацювання, пов’язані з розв’язанням складних інженерних завдань. Актуальною розробкою для районів із змінним рельєфом є будівництво на схилах. В статті розглянуто особливості такого будівництва та підходи до проектування будівлі з використанням найсучасніших методів моделювання та новітніх технологій у будівництві. Результати представленої роботи покладені в основу одного з розділів навчально-методичного посібника для студентів інженерно-будівельного напрямку підготовки з курсу інженерної та комп’ютерної графіки, який дозволить набути теоретичних знань та відпрацювати методику моделювання житлових будинків на схилах в середовищі системи AutoCAD.
Інноваційний підхід у технології фруктового мармеладу
Authors: Fil M.I. , Mikhailyuk O.J.
Published: May 2017

Вивчено поліпшення рецептурного складу і якості мармеладу з використанням натуральної сировини – хурми. Включення у рецептуру хурми сприятиме одержанню мармеладу функціонального призначення. У статті висвітлені результати дослідження органолептичних показників. Позитивний ефект мармеладу обумовлюється взаємним комплексним впливом усіх компонентів та їх кількістю. Основним завданням щодо поліпшення якості мармеладу є використання натуральної сировини, зниження цукристості та підвищення біологічної цінності готової продукції. Оранжевий колір м’якуша хурми свідчить про наявність у ній великої кількості бета-каротину, який поліпшує зір і перешкоджає передчасному старінню. Головним джерелом надходження пектинових речовин в організм людини є плоди та продукція, виготовлена з них, зокрема мармелад. Нами досліджено фруктовий мармелад, де в основу входить пюре із хурми. В доступній нам літературі не встановлено використання хурми як основної сировини у виробництві мармеладу. Враховуючи урожайність, доступність, широке поширення в України цього фрукту, а також відомості про харчову та біологічну цінність хурми, ми вважаємо доцільним застосування хурми для виробництва мармеладу. На основі проведених досліджень можна стверджувати, що застосування для виробництва мармеладу продуктів із хурми дозволить розширити асортимент фруктового мармеладу та підвищити біологічну цінність готової продукції. Включення у рецептуру хурми сприятиме одержанню мармеладу функціонального призначення. Позитивний ефект мармеладу обумовлюється взаємним комплексним впливом усіх компонентів та їхньою кількістю.
Оцінка якості продуктів переробки амаранту
Authors: Lanycja I.F.
Published: May 2017

Комбінування білків рослинного і тваринного походження знаходить широке застосування у виробництві м'ясних виробів, оскільки дозволяє розширити сировинні ресурси, а також поліпшити якість продуктів харчування, підвищити їх біологічну цінність і засвоєння. Проведено аналіз поживної та біологічної цінності рослинної і тваринної сировини (яловичини, горохового і амарантового борошна). Поживну цінність сировини визначали за вмістом компонентів, що входять до її складу (білків, жирів, вуглеводів, клітковини, мінеральних речовин). Біологічну цінність визначали за вмістом незамінних амінокислот і амінокислотним скором. У результаті проведених досліджень було визначено, що борошно амаранту білонасінного сорту К-125 відноситься до типової рослинної сировини з високим вмістом вуглеводів і клітковині, пониженим – ліпідів та достатньо високим рівнем білка. Тому його можна використовувати при виробництві геродієтичних м'ясних виробів з підвищеним вмістом баластних речовин, дієтичних продуктів, а також як замінник м'ясної сировини при виробництві посічених м'ясних виробів. Білки амаранту характеризувалися високим вмістом незамінних амінокислот, а за кількістю сірковмісних амінокислот він переважав і горохове борошно, і яловиче м’ясо. Отже продукти переробки амаранту доцільно застосовувати для підвищення біологічної цінності продуктів харчування. Використання білків рослинного походження дозволяє економити м’ясну сировину і виготовляти продукти високої якості.
Електрофізичний спосіб збагачення сухої молочної сироватки мінеральними елементами
Authors: Kochubey-Lytvynenko О.V. , Chernyushok О.А.
Published: May 2017

Стаття присвячена проблемі збагачення мінеральними елементами сироватки молочної внаслідок її оброблення електрофізичним способом. Об’єкт дослідження: електрофізичний спосіб збагачення молочної сироватки Магнієм та Манганом. Предмет дослідження: знесолена молочна сироватка до та після електроіскрового оброблення, суха демінералізована сироватка (СДМ) та СДМ, збагачена Магнієм та Манганом. Збагачення сироватки Mg та Mn здійснювали на експериментальному технологічному комплексі, що складається з генератора розрядних імпульсів, блоку управління, розрядної камери, вимірювальних і допоміжних приладів. Експериментально доведено, що оброблення молочної сироватки в розрядній камері зі струмопровідним прошарком гранул Магнію і відповідними електродами і/або зі струмопровідним прошарком гранул мангану й відповідними електродами сприяє підвищенню вмісту Магнію у 1,8…3,2 раза й Мангану у 1,9…5,6 раза залежно від тривалості оброблення. Розглянуто доцільність залучення електрофізичного способу оброблення сировини у технології сухої молочної сироватки з метою її збагачення. Експериментальним шляхом доведено підвищення вмісту Mg і Mn, поліпшення розчинності, відсутність ознак неферментативного потемніння протягом зберігання і зниження схильності до злежування в зразках сухої молочної сироватки після оброблення електрофізичним способом. Запропоновано запроваджувати електроіскрове оброблення в технології сухих концентратів із молочної сироватки на етапі підготовки сировини до сушіння та визначено раціональну тривалість електроіскрового оброблення сироватки, а саме: 30 с – для манганової електродної системи і 60 с – для магнієвої.
Дослідження процесу гідроструминної водополімерної обробки харчових продуктів різанням
Authors: Pogrebnyak A.
Published: May 2017

Досліджували закономірності процесу гідрорізання харчових продуктів з метою підвищення його ефективності шляхом модифікації робочої рідини. Вплив відстані від зрізу сопла до поверхні харчового продукту на глибину різу вивчали при температурі -7 і -25 °С, зміні тиску від 50 до 150 МПа, діаметру сопла 0,35·10-3 і 0,60·10-3м, швидкості переміщення гідроструменя щодо харчового продукту 0,015; 0,025; 0,050 та 0,100 м/с. Використовували узагальнений аналіз експериментальних даних, методи теорії подібності й розмірності, а також методи математичної статистики. Отримана розрахункова залежність в безрозмірному вигляді для визначення глибини різу в харчовому продукті з урахуванням його міцності на одновісне стискання, оптимальної відстані між зрізом сопла і поверхнею продукту, діаметра сопла, молекулярної маси і концентрації полиетиленоксиду, а також гідравлічних і режимних параметрів гідроструменя, швидкості переміщення струменя і якісті його формування. Досліджували вплив концентрації полиетиленоксиду на глибину і продуктивність різання харчових продуктів при -25 °С водополімерним струменем з тиском витікання 100 МПа і діаметром сопла 0,35·10-3 м. Експериментально доведено, що використання в якості робочої рідини водних розчинів ПЕО підвищує оптимальну відстань між поверхнею харчового продукту і зрізом сопла в 15 разів, глибину різу – в 4 рази при швидкості різу 0100 м/с.
Developing concept-based instruction, pedagogical content knowledge:
Authors: Fogal Gary
Published: May 2017

Limited studies have explored how second language (L2) instructors develop pedagogical content knowledge of concept-based instruction (CBI). To address this issue the present work described how one L2 writing instructor developed, utilized and transformed his CBI pedagogical content knowledge in one learning-to-write context. A thematic analysis of the instructor’s teaching and learning logs, teaching materials and post-intervention interviews with learners in a writing course, guided in part by Pavlenko (2007) and Haenen’s (1996) stages for implementing CBI, demonstrated that the instructor’s development was informed primarily through a process of self-reflection, diagramming and comparing notes with scholarly publications related to CBI and Vygotskian sociocultural theory. This study challenges and contributes to recent discussions about other-regulated teacher education in CBI contexts (e.g., Nauman, 2011 and van Compernolle and Henery, 2015) and reveals concerns about how instructors use didactic models to orient learners to target concepts. The findings call for more research aimed at understanding CBI-related teacher education and for detailed study manuals for L2 instructors interested in implementing CBI.
One means, many goals
Authors: Feryok Anne , Wall Gaye
Published: May 2017

Overimitation – the imitation of irrelevant elements in an action – seems to be both uniquely human and developmental, just as language is. This case study looks at how an adult Thai EFL learner used verbalization through self-questioning during the final task in a six-week intervention on reading-to-write. The study is situated in sociocultural theory and involves a microgenetic analysis of a video-recording of the participant verbalizing during the task, triangulated with proficiency testing, questionnaires, interviews, classroom field notes, and member checking. The findings show the participant oriented to the reading-to write task in several ways, one of which was by overimitating a list of questions he had been provided as a meditational support, by using the question list not only in order to self-regulate by monitoring his comprehension and managing the task as he had been encouraged to do, but also to practice making questions. By practicing question making he repurposed a task at the edge of his abilities into one better suited to his proficiency level, and managed to address the task goals set by the researcher and his own goals. Examining imitation and overimitation can provide practical pedagogical information to teachers as well as theoretical insights into language learning.
Współpraca przedsiębiorstw w zakresie działalności innowacyjnej na przykładzie sektora usług
Authors: Węgrzyn Grażyna
Published: May 2017

The article identifies differences in enterprises’ collaboration on innovation across the European Union. The first part explains the concept of innovative activity of business and examines the percentage of enterprises actively pursuing innovation in individual EU countries. The next part describes the methods of collaboration on innovation employed by enterprises in the service sector, by selected groups of partner institutions. Service providers located in countries classified as innovation leaders have much closer collaboration on innovation with their partner institutions than those located in countries with low or moderate innovation levels. What seems particularly important for any economy’s innovation level is the collaboration of service providers with the suppliers of equipment, materials, components and software (Denmark, the Netherlands), with their clients from the private sector (Finland, Sweden) and with universities (Germany).
Twórczość i jej ochrona w świetle projektu księgi pierwszej kodeksu cywilnego
Authors: Nowak-Gruca Aleksandra
Published: May 2017

The aim of the article is to examine if the new civil code can be the basis for unravelling problems relative to the protection of human creative efforts, focused around the concept of “creativity”. The research work is based on the assumption that difficulties in determining the appropriate level of rights protection, which can last for several decades, make a legislative initiative necessary. Proper legal regulation could contribute to the elaboration of an efficient method of protection, especially in places where the detailed regulations are still clearly insufficient. Analysis of structures adopted in the project to protect “creative achievements” leads to the conclusion that, in spite of the extensive directory of protective measures, regulations are still insufficient due to difficulties in determining the exact subject matter of protection required to ensure that those rights are protected sufficiently.
Clinical features and management of hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Faber Ingrid , Servelhere Katiane R. , Martinez Alberto R. M. , D?Abreu Anelyssa , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , França Jr Marcondes C.
Published: May 2017

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of genetically-determined disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of lower limbs. An apparently sporadic case of adult-onset spastic paraplegia is a frequent clinical problem and a significant proportion of cases are likely to be of genetic origin. HSP is clinically divided into pure and complicated forms. The later present with a wide range of additional neurological and systemic features. To date, there are up to 60 genetic subtypes described. All modes of monogenic inheritance have been described: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked and mitochondrial traits. Recent advances point to abnormal axonal transport as a key mechanism leading to the degeneration of the long motor neuron axons in the central nervous system in HSP. In this review we aim to address recent advances in the field, placing emphasis on key diagnostic features that will help practicing neurologists to identify and manage these conditions.
Frações de cobre e zinco em solos de vinhedos no Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Brunetto Gustavo , Schmitt Djalma E. , Comin Jucinei J. , Miotto Alcione , Moraes Marcel P. de , Heinzen Janaina
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a migração e a modificação de frações de Cu e Zn em solos de vinhedos. Em outubro de 2010 foram selecionados, em Água Doce (SC) três vinhedos com idades crescentes e uma área de campo natural com o objetivo de determinar o teor natural dos elementos no solo. Amostras de solo dos vinhedos e campo natural foram coletadas em camadas estratificadas e analisadas. Nas amostras foram realizados o fracionamento químico e a extração de Cu e Zn por EDTA e pelo método 3050B da USEPA. O Cu e o Zn foram acumulados nas camadas mais superficiais dos solos dos vinhedos e maiores concentrações foram observadas no vinhedo com maior idade. A maior parte do Cu e do Zn nos solos dos vinhedos foi distribuída na fração residual que possui baixa mobilidade geoquímica porém nas camadas mais superficiais do solo do vinhedo com maior idade constatou-se aumento do teor de Cu ligado à matéria orgânica do solo e nas camadas mais profundas, ligado aos minerais. A maior parte do Zn no solo dos vinhedos foi distribuída na fração residual e ligada aos minerais; a fração residual possui baixa mobilidade no solo mas pode ser disponível para as plantas e causar toxidez.