bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of satellite based estimates of surface visibility
Authors: Brunner J. , Pierce R. B. , Lenzen A.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. A satellite based surface visibility retrieval has been developed using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements as a proxy for Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data from the next generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES-R). The retrieval uses a multiple linear regression approach to relate satellite aerosol optical depth, fog/low cloud probability and thickness retrievals, and meteorological variables from numerical weather prediction forecasts to National Weather Service Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) surface visibility measurements. Validation using independent ASOS measurements shows that the GOES-R ABI surface visibility retrieval (V) has an overall success rate of 64.5% for classifying Clear (V ≥ 30 km), Moderate (10 km ≤ V < 30 km), Low (2 km ≤ V < 10 km) and Poor (V < 2 km) visibilities and shows the most skill during June through September, when Heidke skill scores are between 0.2 and 0.4. We demonstrate that the aerosol (clear sky) component of the GOES-R ABI visibility retrieval can be used to augment measurements from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Park Service (NPS) Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network, and provide useful information to the regional planning offices responsible for developing mitigation strategies required under the EPA's Regional Haze Rule, particularly during regional haze events associated with smoke from wildfires.
Effect of elevated CO2 on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community
Authors: Paul A. J. , Bach L. T. , Schulz K.-G. , Boxhammer T. , Czerny J. , Achterberg E. P. , Hellemann D. , Trense Y. , Nausch M. , Sswat M. , Riebesell U.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Ocean acidification is expected to influence plankton community structure and biogeochemical element cycles. To date, the response of plankton communities to elevated CO2 has been studied primarily during nutrient-stimulated blooms. In this CO2 manipulation study, we used large-volume (~ 55 m3) pelagic in situ mesocosms to enclose a natural summer, post-spring-bloom plankton assemblage in the Baltic Sea to investigate the response of organic matter pools to ocean acidification. The carbonate system in the six mesocosms was manipulated to yield average fCO2 ranging between 365 and ~ 1230 μatm with no adjustment of naturally available nutrient concentrations. Plankton community development and key biogeochemical element pools were subsequently followed in this nitrogen-limited ecosystem over a period of 7 weeks. We observed higher sustained chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations (~ 25 % higher) and lower inorganic phosphate concentrations in the water column in the highest fCO2 treatment (1231 μatm) during the final 2 weeks of the study period (Phase III), when there was low net change in particulate and dissolved matter pools. Size-fractionated phytoplankton pigment analyses indicated that these differences were driven by picophytoplankton (< 2 μm) and were already established early in the experiment during an initial warm and more productive period with overall elevated chlorophyll a and particulate matter concentrations. However, the influence of picophytoplankton on bulk organic matter pools was masked by high biomass of larger plankton until Phase III, when the contribution of the small size fraction (< 2 μm) increased to up to 90 % of chlorophyll a. In this phase, a CO2-driven increase in water column particulate carbon did not lead to enhanced sinking material flux but was instead reflected in increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Hence ocean acidification may induce changes in organic matter partitioning in the upper water column during the low-nitrogen summer period in the Baltic Sea.
Water level, vegetation composition and plant productivity explain greenhouse gas fluxes in temperate cutover fens after inundation
Authors: Minke M. , Augustin J. , Burlo A. , Yarmashuk T. , Chuvashova H. , Thiele A. , Freibauer A. , Tikhonov V. , Hoffmann M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Rewetting of temperate continental cutover peatlands generally implies the creation of flooded areas, which are – dependent on water depth – colonized by helophytes such as Eriophorum angustifolium, Carex spp., Typha latifolia or Phragmites australis. Reeds of Typha and Phragmites are reported to be large sources of methane, but data on net CO2 uptake are contradictory for Typha and rare for Phragmites. This paper describes the effect of vegetation, water level and nutrient conditions on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for representative vegetation types along water level gradients at two rewetted cutover fens (mesotrophic and eutrophic) in Belarus. Greenhouse emissions were measured with manual chambers in weekly to few – weekly intervals over a two years period and interpolated by modelling. All sites had negligible nitrous oxide exchange rates. Most sites were carbon sinks and small GHG sources. Methane emissions were generally associated with net ecosystem CO2 uptake. Small sedges were minor methane emitters and net CO2 sinks, while Phragmites australis sites released large amounts of methane and sequestered very much CO2. Variability of both fluxes increased with site productivity. Floating mats composed of Carex tussocks and Typha latifolia were a source for both methane and CO2. We conclude that shallow, stable flooding is a better measure to arrive at low GHG emissions than deep flooding, and that the risk of high GHG emissions consequent on rewetting is larger for eutrophic than for mesotrophic peatlands.
Mäzenatentum in Deutschland. Eine Chance für die Stadtentwicklung?
Authors: Faller B. , Wiegandt C.-C.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The article deals with the growing importance of philanthropy regarding German urban development in recent years. Between the opposing poles of financial shortage of public authorities and increasing concentration of private assets, the financial and local engagement of wealthy citizens open up creative leeway for urban policy. Two nationwide surveys in 467 cities respectively 5000 foundations in 22 cities as well as 24 qualitative interviews with various decision makers from policy, administration, economy and foundation system provide the empirical basis for this article. Key findings of the article are two systematisations. One systematisation categorizes German cities regarding their level of philanthropy activity. The other systematisation outlines different project types concerning the strategy and procedure of cooperation between philanthropists and local authorities.
Towards a new multiscale air quality transport model using the fully unstructured anisotropic adaptive mesh technology of Fluidity (version 4.1.9)
Authors: Zheng J. , Zhu J. , Wang Z. , Fang F. , Pain C. C. , Xiang J.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. An integrated method of advanced anisotropic hr-adaptive mesh and discretization numerical techniques has been, for first time, applied to modelling of multiscale advection–diffusion problems, which is based on a discontinuous Galerkin/control volume discretization on unstructured meshes. Over existing air quality models typically based on static-structured grids using a locally nesting technique, the advantage of the anisotropic hr-adaptive model has the ability to adapt the mesh according to the evolving pollutant distribution and flow features. That is, the mesh resolution can be adjusted dynamically to simulate the pollutant transport process accurately and effectively. To illustrate the capability of the anisotropic adaptive unstructured mesh model, three benchmark numerical experiments have been set up for two-dimensional (2-D) advection phenomena. Comparisons have been made between the results obtained using uniform resolution meshes and anisotropic adaptive resolution meshes. Performance achieved in 3-D simulation of power plant plumes indicates that this new adaptive multiscale model has the potential to provide accurate air quality modelling solutions effectively.
SHIMMER (1.0): a novel mathematical model for microbial and biogeochemical dynamics in glacier forefield ecosystems
Authors: Bradley J. A. , Anesio A. M. , Singarayer J. S. , Heath M. R. , Arndt S.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. SHIMMER (Soil biogeocHemIcal Model for Microbial Ecosystem Response) is a new numerical modelling framework designed to simulate microbial dynamics and biogeochemical cycling during initial ecosystem development in glacier forefield soils. However, it is also transferable to other extreme ecosystem types (such as desert soils or the surface of glaciers). The rationale for model development arises from decades of empirical observations in glacier forefields, and enables a quantitative and process focussed approach. Here, we provide a detailed description of SHIMMER, test its performance in two case study forefields: the Damma Glacier (Switzerland) and the Athabasca Glacier (Canada) and analyse sensitivity to identify the most sensitive and unconstrained model parameters. Results show that the accumulation of microbial biomass is highly dependent on variation in microbial growth and death rate constants, Q10 values, the active fraction of microbial biomass and the reactivity of organic matter. The model correctly predicts the rapid accumulation of microbial biomass observed during the initial stages of succession in the forefields of both the case study systems. Primary production is responsible for the initial build-up of labile substrate that subsequently supports heterotrophic growth. However, allochthonous contributions of organic matter, and nitrogen fixation, are important in sustaining this productivity. The development and application of SHIMMER also highlights aspects of these systems that require further empirical research: quantifying nutrient budgets and biogeochemical rates, exploring seasonality and microbial growth and cell death. This will lead to increased understanding of how glacier forefields contribute to global biogeochemical cycling and climate under future ice retreat.
Oligomer formation in the troposphere: from experimental knowledge to 3-D modeling
Authors: Lemaire V. , Coll I. , Couvidat F. , Mouchel-Vallon C. , Seigneur C. , Siour G.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols has proven to be a critical element of air quality and climate issues. However, its composition and the aging processes it undergoes remain insufficiently understood. This work builds on laboratory knowledge to simulate the formation of oligomers from biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) in the troposphere at the continental scale. We compare the results of two different modeling approaches, a 1st-order kinetic process and a pH-dependent parameterization, both implemented in the CHIMERE air quality model (AQM), to simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of oligomerized SOA over western Europe. Our results show that there is a strong dependence of the results on the selected modeling approach: while the irreversible kinetic process leads to the oligomerization of about 50 % of the total BSOA mass, the pH-dependent approach shows a broader range of impacts, with a strong dependency on environmental parameters (pH and nature of aerosol) and the possibility for the process to be reversible. In parallel, we investigated the sensitivity of each modeling approach to the representation of SOA precursor solubility (Henry's law constant values). Finally, the pros and cons of each approach for the representation of SOA aging are discussed and recommendations are provided to improve current representations of oligomer formation in AQMs.
Regional analysis of groundwater droughts using hydrograph classification
Authors: Bloomfield J. P. , Marchant B. P. , Bricker S. H. , Morgan R. B.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Groundwater drought is a spatially and temporally variable phenomenon. Here we describe the development of a method to regionally analyse and quantify groundwater drought. The method uses a cluster analysis technique (non-hierarchical k-means) to classify standardised groundwater level hydrographs (the standardised groundwater level index, SGI) prior to analysis of their groundwater drought characteristics, and has been tested using 74 groundwater level time series from Lincolnshire, UK. Using the test data set, six clusters of hydrographs have been identified. For each cluster a correlation can be established between the mean SGI and a mean standardised precipitation index (SPI), where each cluster is associated with a different SPI accumulation period. Based on a comparison of SPI time series for each cluster and for the study area as a whole, it is inferred that the clusters are independent of the driving meteorology and are primarily a function of catchment and hydrogeological factors. This inference is supported by the observation that the majority of sites in each cluster are associated with one of the principal aquifers in the study region. The groundwater drought characteristics of the three largest clusters, which constitute ~ 80 % of the sites, have been analysed. There are differences in the distributions of drought duration, magnitude and intensity of groundwater drought events between the three clusters as a function of autocorrelation of the mean SGI time series for each cluster. In addition, there are differences between the clusters in their response to three major multi-annual droughts that occurred during the analysis period. For example, sites in the cluster with the longest SGI autocorrelation experience the greatest-magnitude droughts and are the slowest to recover from major droughts, with groundwater drought conditions typically persisting at least 6 months longer than at sites in the other clusters. Membership of the clusters is shown to be related to unsaturated zone thickness at individual boreholes. This last observation emphasises the importance of catchment and aquifer characteristics as (non-trivial) controls on groundwater drought hydrographs. The method of analysis is flexible and can be adapted to a wide range of hydrogeological settings while enabling a consistent approach to the quantification of regional differences in response of groundwater to meteorological drought.
DAHITI – an innovative approach for estimating water level time series over inland waters using multi-mission satellite altimetry
Authors: Schwatke C. , Dettmering D. , Bosch W. , Seitz F.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Satellite altimetry has been designed for sea level monitoring over open ocean areas. However, for some years, this technology has also been used to retrieve water levels from reservoirs, wetlands and in general any inland water body, although the radar altimetry technique has been especially applied to rivers and lakes. In this paper, a new approach for the estimation of inland water level time series is described. It is used for the computation of time series of rivers and lakes available through the web service "Database for Hydrological Time Series over Inland Waters" (DAHITI). The new method is based on an extended outlier rejection and a Kalman filter approach incorporating cross-calibrated multi-mission altimeter data from Envisat, ERS-2, Jason-1, Jason-2, TOPEX/Poseidon, and SARAL/AltiKa, including their uncertainties. The paper presents water level time series for a variety of lakes and rivers in North and South America featuring different characteristics such as shape, lake extent, river width, and data coverage. A comprehensive validation is performed by comparisons with in situ gauge data and results from external inland altimeter databases. The new approach yields rms differences with respect to in situ data between 4 and 36 cm for lakes and 8 and 114 cm for rivers. For most study cases, more accurate height information than from other available altimeter databases can be achieved.
Dominant processes of extreme rainfall-producing mesoscale convective system over southeastern Korea: 7 July 2009 case
Authors: Jeong J.-H. , Lee D.-I. , Wang C.-C. , Han I.-S.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. An extreme rainfall-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) associated with the Changma front in southeastern Korea was investigated using observational data. This event recorded historic rainfall and led to devastating flash floods and landslides in the Busan metropolitan area on 7 July 2009. The aim of the present study is to analyze and better understand the synoptic and mesoscale environment, and the behavior of quasi-stationary MCS causing extreme rainfall. Synoptic and mesoscale analyses indicate that the MCS and heavy rainfall occurred association with a stationary front which resembled a warm front in structure. A strong southwesterly low-level jet (LLJ) transported warm and humid air and supplied the moisture toward the front, and the air rose upwards above the frontal surface. As the moist air was conditionally unstable, repeated upstream initiation of deep convection by back-building occurred at the coastline, while old cells moved downstream parallel to the convective line with training effect. Because the motion of convective cells nearly opposed the backward propagation, the system as a whole moved slowly. The back-building behavior was linked to the convectively produced cold pool and its outflow boundary, which played an essential role in the propagation and maintenance of the rainfall system. As a result, the quasi-stationary MCS caused a prolonged duration of heavy rainfall, leading to extreme rainfall over the Busan metropolitan area.
The Bosna River floods in May 2014
Authors: Vidmar A. , Globevnik L. , Koprivšek M. , Sečnik M. , Zabret K. , Ðurović B. , Anzeljc D. , Kastelic J. , Kobold M. , Sušnik M. , Borojevič D. , Kupusović T. , Kupusović E. , Vihar A. , Brilly M.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. In May 2014, extreme floods occurred in the lower Sava River basin, causing major damage, with catastrophic consequences. Based on the data gathered, the weather situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) Bosna River basin was analysed and the hydrological conditions were provided, including the results of the probability analysis of the size of the recorded precipitation and flow rates. A hydrological model of the Bosna River basin was developed using HBV-light for the purposes of reconstructing and forecasting such events more effectively. All analyses confirmed that the May 2014 event was an extreme event whose returning period greatly exceeds 100 years.
Potential slab avalanche release area identification from estimated winter terrain: a multi-scale, fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Veitinger J. , Purves R. S. , Sovilla B.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. Avalanche hazard assessment requires a very precise estimation of the release area, which still nowadays depends to a large extent on expert judgement of avalanche specialists. Therefore, a new algorithm for automated identification of potential avalanche release areas was developed. It overcomes some of the limitations of previous tools, which are relatively scarcely applied in hazard mitigation practice. By introducing a multi-scale roughness parameter, fine-scale topography and its attenuation under snow influence is captured. This allows the assessment of snow influence on terrain morphology and, consequently, potential release area size and location. The integration of a wind shelter index enables the user to define release area scenarios as a function of the main wind direction or single storm events. A case study illustrates the practical usefulness of this approach for the definition of release area scenarios under varying snow cover and wind conditions. The validation with historical data demonstrated an improved estimation of avalanche release areas, in particular for more frequent avalanches; however, the application of the algorithm as a forecasting tool remains limited, as snowpack stability is not integrated. Future research activity could therefore focus on the coupling of the algorithm with snowpack conditions.
Precipitation measurement intercomparison in the Qilian Mountains, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen R. , Liu J. , Kang E. , Yang Y. , Han C. , Liu Z. , Song Y. , Qing W. , Zhu P.
Published: October 2015

Abstract. An experimental field study of wind-induced bias in precipitation measurements was conducted from September 2010 to April 2015 at a grassland site (99°52.9´ E, 38°16.1´ N; 2980 m) in the Hulu watershed in the Qilian Mountains, on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, in China. The experiment included (1) an unshielded Chinese standard precipitation gauge (CSPGUN; orifice diameter = 20 cm, height = 70 cm), (2) a single Alter shield around a CSPG (CSPGSA), (3) a CSPG in a pit (CSPGPIT) and (4) a Double-Fence International Reference (DFIR) with a Tretyakov-shielded CSPG (CSPGDFIR). The catch ratio (CR) used the CSPGDFIR as a reference (CR = CSPGX/CSPGDFIR, %; X denotes UN, SA or PIT). The results show that the CSPGSA, CSPGPIT and CSPGDIFR caught 0.9, 4.5 and 3.4 % more rainfall; 7.7, 15.6 and 14.2 % more mixed precipitation (snow with rain, rain with snow); 11.1, 16.0 and 20.6 % more snowfall and 2.0, 6.0 and 5.3 % more precipitation (of all types), respectively, than the CSPGUN from September 2012 to April 2015. The CSPGPIT and CSPGDFIR caught 3.6 and 2.5 % more rainfall; 7.3 and 6.0 % more mixed precipitation; 4.4 and 8.5 % more snowfall; and 3.9 and 3.2 % more total precipitation, respectively, than the CSPGSA. However, the CSPGDFIR caught 1.0 % less rainfall; 1.2 % less mixed precipitation; 3.9 % more snowfall and 0.6 % less total precipitation than the CSPGPIT. From most to least precipitation measured, the instruments ranked as follows: for rain and mixed precipitation, CSPGPIT > CSPGDFIR > CSPGSA > CSPGUN; for snowfall, CSPGDFIR > CSPGPIT > CSPGSA > CSPGUN. The CR vs. 10 m wind speed for the period of precipitation indicated that with increasing wind speed from 0 to 8.0 m s−1, the CRUN/DFIR and CRSA/DFIR for rainfall decreased slightly. For mixed precipitation, the wind speed showed no significant effect on CRUN/DFIR and CRSA/DFIR below 3.5 m s−1. For snowfall, the CRUN/DFIR and CRSA/DFIR vs. wind speed showed that CR decreased with increasing wind speed. The precipitation measured by the shielded gauges increased linearly relative to that of the unshielded gauges. However, the increase in the ratio of the linear correlation should depend on specific environmental conditions. A comparison of the wind-induced bias indicates that the CSPGPIT could be used as a reference gauge for rain, mixed and snow precipitation events at the experimental site. As both the PIT and DFIR effectively prevented wind from influencing the catch of the precipitation gauge, the CRPIT/DFIR had no relationship with wind speed. Cubic polynomials and exponential functions were used to quantify the relationship between catch ratio and wind speed. For snow, for both event and daily scales, the CRUN/DFIR and CRSA/DFIR were significantly related to wind speed; while for rain and mixed precipitation, only the event scale showed a significant relationship.
Teaching Progress: A Critique of the Grand Narrative of Human Rights as Pedagogy for Marginalized Students
Authors: Linde Robyn , Arthur Mikaila Mariel Lemonik
Published: October 2015

With the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, education about human rights became an important focus of the new human rights regime and a core method of spreading its values throughout the world. This story of human rights is consistently presented as a progressive teleology that contextualizes the expansion of rights within a larger grand narrative of liberalization, emancipation, and social justice. This paper examines the disjuncture between the grand narrative on international movements for human rights and social justice and the lived experiences of marginalized students in urban environments in the United States. Drawing on our experience as professors who teach human rights, social justice, and social movements courses at an urban, four-year college in Providence, R.I., with a student body which includes large populations of students who are of color, first-generation, economically disadvantaged, and nontraditional in other ways, we explore the relevance and impact of these grand narratives for the lives of our students and their sense of agency. In particular, we advocate for a critical and transformational approach to human rights pedagogy to counter and overcome the pervasive individualization that undergirds the grand narrative of human rights. We argue that a critical (and radical) human rights pedagogy must evaluate the position of the individual in modern life if liberation through human rights law and activism is to be possible.
News for Educational Workers
Authors: Vogt Leonard
Published: October 2015

None
Inhibitory Effects of the Flower of Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago altissima L.) on Tumour Promotion Induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-actete
Authors: Yasukawa Ken
Published: October 2015

Cancer prevention is an important issue in various healthcare fields; thus, we continue searching for potential useful compounds. This study focuses on the utilization of Canadian goldenrod, which is commonly seen growing on vacant land. Methanol extracts of the flower of Canadian goldenrod inhibited inflammation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and inhibited promotion in the mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis model. Five inhibitory compounds were isolated from the active fraction, and these compounds were identified as flavonoids; kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3), querectin-3-O-rutinoside (4), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (5). These compounds inhibited the inflammation induced by TPA, and the inhibitory effects were similar to indomethacin.
Green Tea Product Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Content and Label Information: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Shkayeva Marina V. , Gregory Philip J. , Pickering Matthew K. , Hein Darren J. , Hu James , Rodriguez Aleah
Published: October 2015

Green tea’s popularity can be largely attributed to its potential health benefits, with an emphasis on antioxidant properties from its catechin constituents, especially (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). EGCG appears to be responsible for many of the potential health benefits of green tea. However, while higher intake levels may provide benefit, lower intake levels may not. The objective was to determine whether commercially available green tea products provide label information about EGCG content and other constituents and then to analyze the label information in terms of existing research. A descriptive analysis of product label information was conducted. In total, 105 green tea products evaluated, 58% of green tea supplements and 5% of green tea beverages included information about EGCG content on the label. Among the dietary supplement products providing sufficient information on the label, the amount of EGCG listed ranged from 70 mg to 600 mg per serving. The average EGCG per serving was 223.7 mg. The average reported caffeine content was 56.0 mg per serving. In conclusion, most green tea beverages to not provide adequate information about EGCG or other constituents. Green tea supplements are more likely to provide this information. One to two servings of green tea supplements are typically needed to achieve EGCG or catechin intake levels similar to those demonstrating efficacy in clinical studies. Consumers should consider selecting products that adequately describe constituent information on the label. Manufacturers should consider providing this essential information on the product label in order to better inform consumer decision-making.
New Polymer Syntheses Part 59. Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyamides and Copolyamides Containing Thianthrene Moiety and Based on Methyl- and/or Tertiarybutyl-Cyclohexanone in the Main Chain
Authors: Aly Kamal I. , Kuckling Dirk
Published: October 2015

Two new series of polyamides and copolyamides based on methyl-cyclohexanone and tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone in the main chain were synthesized via the solution polymerization of 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)-methylcyclohex-anone VI, 2,6-bis(m-aminobenzylidene)tertiary-butyl-cyclohexanone VIII, and its copolyamides with p-phenylene diamines and m-phenylene diamines with diacid chlorides of thianthrene (2,7-Dichloroformylthianthrene-5,5`,10,10`-tetraoxide IV. These polyamides and copolymides ranged from yellow to orange color and had inherent viscosity up to 0.35-0.89 dL/g. All the polyamides and copolymides were insoluble in common organic solvents but dissolved completely in concentrated H2SO4. The thermal stabilities of the prepared polyamides were evaluated by TGA and DTG analyses. X– ray analysis showed these polymers having low degree of crystallinity in the region 2q = 5 – 60°. The morphological properties of some selected polyamides were detected by SEM.
Mobilizing Knowledge via Documentary Filmmaking — Is the Academy Ready?
Authors: Petrarca Diana M. , Hughes Janette M.
Published: October 2015

The predominant form of research dissemination resides in the scholar’s domain, namely academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals. This paper describes how two colleagues and researchers integrated documentary filmmaking with research methods in their respective scholarly work, supporting the case for documentary film as an alternative form of scholarly work and knowledge mobilization outside the walls of the university. The authors add to the ongoing conversation for a more dynamic use of digital video-recording that moves beyond simple data collection and encourage researchers to tap into multimodal forms of expression, specifically digital filmmaking.
Researching Photographic Participatory Inquiry in an E-Learning Environment
Authors: Grushka Kathryn Meyer , Bellette Aaron , Holbrook Allyson
Published: October 2015

This article focuses on the use of Photographic Participatory Inquiry (PPI) in researching the teaching and learning of photography in the e-learning environment. It is an arts-informed method drawing on digital tools to capture collective information as digital artefacts, which can then be accessed and harnessed to build critical and reflective photographic practices. The multimedia tools employed (for example GoPro video and screen capture) are critically discussed for their potential to contribute understanding of photographic artistic practice and the learning of a digital generation. The article may also provide critical insights and inform more nuanced methods for research and scholarship when wishing to investigate the personalized, participatory, and productive pedagogies of a networked learning society.
Becoming Teachers’ Little Epics: What digital storytelling might reveal
Authors: Radford Linda , Aitken Avril
Published: October 2015

This paper discusses pre-service teachers’ use of multi-modal tools to produce three-minute films in light of critical moments in their teaching practice. Two cases are considered; each centers on a film, a “little epic” that was produced by a future teacher who attempts to work within an anti-racist framework for social justice. Findings point to how multimodal tools are effective for engaging meaningfully with unresolved conflicts. However, in the face of trauma experienced, the future teachers’ efforts to work within a social justice framework may be pushed to the margins. This pedagogy / research sheds light on the workings of the inner landscape of becoming teachers, and highlights the dynamic of education as a psychic crisis compounded by the demands of the social.
« Les bois engendrent les frimas et les gelées » : comprendre le climat en Nouvelle-France1
Authors: Coates Colin , Degroot Dagomar
Published: October 2015

Cet article juxtapose les reconstructions récentes de l’histoire du climat avec les interprétations de l’époque de la Nouvelle-France. Des auteurs coloniaux ont essayé d’expliquer les hivers beaucoup plus froids que dans la mère patrie. À l’époque des Petits Âges glaciaires, ces auteurs se servent des différences environnementales pour comprendre le climat colonial. Les grandes forêts expliqueraient la longueur et la sévérité hivernales, et les auteurs prédisent que le défrichement des terres allait rapprocher colonie et mère patrie du point de vue du climat. Le réchauffement au cours du XVIIIe siècle a convaincu certains que l’activité humaine avait amélioré le climat.
Pont de glace, navigation et inondation
Authors: Antaya François
Published: October 2015

Au milieu du XIXe siècle, des citoyens de Trois-Rivières et des environs réclament aux autorités gouvernementales l’érection de piliers ou de jetées dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent pour favoriser la formation du pont de glace face à la ville. Le pont de glace trifluvien se heurte toutefois à la voie navigable du Saint-Laurent et l’inégalité du rapport de force entre les deux projets d’aménagement contribue largement à son échec. L’étude de cet antagonisme, qui ouvre une fenêtre sur des territoires ancrés dans des usages et des représentations différenciées du Saint-Laurent, vise ici à approfondir notre connaissance des rapports à l’espace fluvial.
“Here Be Dragons:” The Tyranny of the Cityscape in James Baldwin’s Intimate Cartographies
Authors: Cleary Emma
Published: October 2015

The skyline of New York projects a dominant presence in the works of James Baldwin—even
those set elsewhere. This essay analyzes the socio-spatial relationships and cognitive
maps delineated in Baldwin’s writing, and suggests that some of the most compelling and
intense portrayals of New York’s psychogeographic landscape vibrate Baldwin’s text. In The
Price of the Ticket (1985), Baldwin’s highly personalized accounts of growing up in Harlem
and living in New York map the socio-spatial relationships at play in domestic, street,
and blended urban spaces, particularly in the title essay, “Dark Days,” and “Here Be
Dragons.” Baldwin’s third novel, Another Country (1962), outlines a multistriated vision
of New York City; its occupants traverse the cold urban territory and struggle beneath the
jagged silhouette of skyscrapers. This essay examines the ways in which Baldwin composes
the urban scene in these works through complex image schemas and intricate geometries, the
city’s levels, planes, and perspectives directing the movements of its citizens. Further,
I argue that Baldwin’s dynamic use of visual rhythms, light, and sound in his depiction of
black life in the city, creates a vivid cartography of New York’s psychogeographic
terrain. This essay connects Baldwin’s mappings of Harlem to an imbricated visual and
sonic conception of urban subjectivity, that is, how the subject is constructed through a
simultaneous and synaesthetic visual/scopic and aural/sonic relation to the city, with a
focus on the movement of the body through city space.
PARENTAL AWARENESS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ADDRESSING LOW-INCOME ADOLESCENTS IN BRAZIL
Authors: Silveira Bello Fernanda Paixão , Chagas Nathália Bordeira , Pinto Vera Lúcia Martins , Leite Camargo Liamaura Levy de Andrade , Demarzo Marcelo Marcos Piva , Ramos Germano Carla Maria
Published: October 2015

Objective: To evaluate parental awareness and management of overweight and obesity in a sample of low income adolescents registered in a primary health care center (PHCC) in Brazil. Method: Among adolescents registered in the PHCC, 142 agreed to participate in this study and their body mass index was calculated. Unaware of the anthropometric data, parents were visited at home and asked to select a descriptor for their offspring’s body weight (underweight, about right, overweight, and obese). Results: Seventeen adolescents were classified as overweight (12.0%) and 14 as obese (10.0%). Among 17 overweight adolescents, 13 (76.5%) were accurately identified by their parents in that condition, and among 13 obese adolescents, 12 (92.3%) were. Three parents of overweight (23.1%) and five parents (41.6%) of obese adolescents tried to manage their offspring’s weight problem with a healthcare provider support. Conclusions: Despite the fact that parental recognition was relatively high in this population, our data revealed a low demand for interventionsto reverse the adolescent’s overweight and obesity.
The Exhaustive Lexicalisation Principle
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: October 2015

In this article I revisit the well-known empirical problem of manner of motion verbs with directional complements in Spanish. I present some data that, to my mind, had not received due attention in previous studies and I show that some manner of motion verbs actually allow directionals with the preposition a, while all of them allow them with prepositions like hacia or hasta. I argue that this pattern is due to a principle that states that every syntactic feature must be identified by lexical insertion, the Exhaustive Lexicalisation Principle. The crucial problem with directional complements is that the Spanish preposition a is locative, in contrast with English to, and, therefore, unable to identify the Path feature. Some verbs license the directional with a because they can lexicalise Path altogether with the verb; all verbs can combine with hasta or hacia because these prepositions lexicalise Path. When neither the verb nor the preposition lexicalise the Path, the construction is ungrammatical.
Directionality and Resultativity: The Cross-linguistic Correlation Revisited
Authors: Son Minjeong
Published: October 2015

Recent approaches to the cross-linguistic variation in the expressions of directed motion assume a tight correlation between adjectival resultative and directed motion constructions (e.g., Beck and Snyder 2001, Mateu and Rigau 2001; 2002, McIntyre 2004, Beavers et al. 2004). Beck and Snyder (2001), in particular, argue that languages that allow adjectival resultatives also allow directed motion with goal PP (or telic Path PP) based on the compounding parameter proposed by Snyder (1995; 2001). This paper, however, shows that such ‘macro’-parametric approaches to the cross-linguistic variation (in directed motion) fail when individual languages are investigated in detail. Based on Korean, Japanese, Hebrew, Czech, and Indonesian, I show that there is no necessary correlation between directed motion (i.e., goal PP) constructions and the availability of resultative phrases, and that the previous parameter approaches face challenges in explaining the facts drawn from these languages. I further show that the variation in directed motion is better explained by careful examination of individual adpositions that differ from one language (e.g., English) to another (e.g., Korean).
A perspective on doubling constructions in Dutch
Authors: Van Kampen Jacqueline
Published: October 2015

Scope-bearing elements for negations and questions may appear in Dutch child language as “doubling” constructions. The doublings are not part of the adult system. They arise spontaneously in early and later child language. The early doublings have a <+neg>-element or a <+Q/+wh>-element in sentence-initial position and double it by means of a sentence adverb in a sentence-final position. These doublings disappear in child Dutch after the acquisition of V-second. A later temporary doubling appears in negative constructions that contain a quantifier. The analysis below will consider the temporary doublings in child Dutch as attempts to maintain an earlier, more simplified construction. Temporary options in child language may result from a learnability hierarchy.
Noun Preverbs in Complex Predicates
Authors: Pantcheva Marina
Published: October 2015

In this paper, I propose a syntax-based analysis of Persian complex predicates (a predicate consisting of a so called preverb and a light verb). I adopt the framework of the verbal First Phase Syntax developed by Ramchand (2008). I use complex predicates with the light verb zædæn `hit' to illustrate how this approach sheds light on some widely discussed issues in the literature. The problem I mainly focus on is the syntactic status of noun preverbs. In general, noun preverbs exhibit properties typically ascribed to direct objects (Samvelian 2001; 2004), while at the same time being distinct from real arguments of the verb (Megerdoomian 2006). I suggest that noun preverbs can occupy more than one position in the verbal phrase and show how this analysis captures their dual nature, as well as some other syntactic and semantic peculiarities.
Lexical Items in Complex Predications: Selection as Underassociation
Authors: Ramchand Gillian
Published: October 2015

This paper examines the problem of selectional ‘matching’ effects in Bengali V-V complex predicates, and English denominal verbs within the context of a decompositional syntax/semantics for verbal meaning and a theory of lexical insertion under non-terminals. It argues that within the particular version of this kind of lexical insertion, as proposed by Ramchand 2008b , selection can be captured by the underassociation of category features constrained by Agree. In this way, I argue that we can achieve many of the effects of selection without any distinct lexical subcategorization frame, or sub-type of feature-checking, once we have a suitably articulated theory of lexical insertion.
The Functions of Danish Causal Conjunctions
Authors: Therkelsen Rita
Published: October 2015

In the article I propose an analysis of the Danish causal conjunctions fordi, siden and for based on the framework of Danish Functional Grammar. As conjunctions they relate two clauses, and their semantics have in common that it indicates a causal relationship between the clauses. The causal conjunctions are different as far as their distribution is concerned; siden conjoins a subordinate clause and a main clause, for conjoins two main clauses, and fordi is able to do both. Methodologically I have based my analysis on these distributional properties comparing siden and fordi conjoining a subordinate and a main clause, and comparing for and fordi conjoining two main clauses, following the thesis that they would establish a causal relationship between different kinds of content. My main findings are that fordi establishes a causal relationship between the events referred to by the two clauses, and the whole utterance functions as a statement of this causal relationship. Siden presupposes such a general causal relationship between the two events and puts forward the causing event as a reason for assuming or wishing or ordering the caused event, siden thus establishes a causal relationship between an event and a speech act. For equally presupposes a general causal relationship between two events and it establishes a causal relationship between speech acts, and fordi conjoining two main clauses is able to do this too, but in this position it also maintains its event-relating ability, the interpretation depending on contextual factors.
Gender Assignment in Danish, Swedish and Norwegian: A Comparison of the Status of Assignment Criteria
Authors: Kilarski Marcin
Published: October 2015

The paper deals with gender assignment of English loanwords in Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. The following assignment criteria have been analysed: semantic (animate, mass), phonological (number of syllables, homonymy), and morphological (inflection, suffixation, deverbal monosyllables, compounds). Common gender in Danish and Swedish and masculine in Norwegian are overrepresented in comparison with the native lexicon. This is confirmed by discriminant function analysis, which shows that neuter nouns in the three languages and feminine nouns in Norwegian show fewer characteristic features. This analysis has also been used to measure the degree of regularity based on the postulated criteria: the percentage of correctly classified cases (from 67% in Swedish to 68% in Norwegian and 72% in Danish) suggests only a partial regularity in gender assignment. The stronger pull of common or masculine gender is reflected in the contribution of selected assignment rules, particularly in the assignment of animates, where common or masculine nouns constitute 96% of assigned nouns. As regards phonological rules, monosyllables show a slightly better correlation with neuter gender, particularly in Danish. Homonymy is significant for nouns of both genders in Danish, while in Swedish and Norwegian nouns with a native neuter or feminine homonym are more likely to be assigned common or masculine gender. Likewise, most inflectional and derivational assignment rules contribute to the assignment of common or masculine genders, with the exception of zero plurals, Swedish n-plurals, suffixes such as -ment, -ery, deverbal monosyllables in Danish and Norwegian, and compounds whose base appears in the corpus with n. gender. Discriminant function analysis shows that plural inflection has the greatest discriminant power among the postulated criteria. Finally, it is suggested that these tendencies may indicate an ongoing expansion of common and masculine genders in the three Scandinavian languages.
Short-distance pronominals
Authors: Harðarson Gísli Rúnar
Published: October 2015

In both Icelandic and Faroese there are instances of pronominals taking local subject antecedents, usually when the pronominal is within a PP. This paper discusses a study on pronominals’ ability to take a local subject antecedent. The data for this study was collected in the Faroe Islands and Iceland in October and December 2009. The paper is intended to provide information concerning the possible factors facilitating pronominals’ ability to take a local subject antecedent. The focus of this study is on the effects of transitive verbs, typology of PPs and phonological heaviness of PPs on the acceptability of locally-bound pronominals in Icelandic and Faroese.
Directional expressions cross-linguistically: Nanosyntax and lexicalization
Authors: Pantcheva Marina
Published: October 2015

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In this paper, I investigate the syntactic structure underlying expressions of the three main types of Paths: Goal Path, Source Path and Route Path. I suggest that they are structurally different and propose a fine-grained syntactic structure for each of them, which is able to account for their morphological make-up. I explore how this structure is spelled out in various languages and show that a nanosyntactic approach to lexicalization captures the facts in an elegant way. In discussing the spell-out of the structure by prepositions and case affixes, I reach the conclusion that sometimes the verb has to ‘reach down’ and lexicalize heads which belong to the spatial domain (cf. Svenonius and Son 2008). I provide evidence from languages where I argue that this is the case.<-->
A corpus of spoken Faroese
Authors: Johannessen Janne Bondi
Published: October 2015

The paper describes the new Corpus of Spoken Faroese. While the corpus is still under development with respect to content (number of informants, dialects and words), it is included in the larger Nordic Dialect Corpus, which means that all technical solutions are already in place. As a result, the Faroese corpus is fully operable, albeit with a rather limited number of words at present. The recordings have all been made, but transcription and tagging remain undone for most of them, however these are expected to be finished by the end of 2009. At the moment, there are nine conversations in the corpus. In the paper I describe some of the search and result-handling options the corpus offers, exemplifying with Faroese, and I also try to shed light on some linguistic questions using the corpus.