bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aviation Pollution, Tourism, and Economic Development: A Study of the EKC Hypothesis at the Regional Level
Authors:   Massey University, Ngo T. , Tsui W. H. K. ,   University of Southern Queensland, Nguyen H. ,   Marlborough District Council
Published: October 2024

The study aims to revisit the relationship between aviation pollution, tourism, and economic development through the lens of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), particularly at the regional level, using New Zealand as a case study. We are the first to estimate aviation pollution at regional airports in New Zealand and use them as proxy for the regional pollution in an EKC setting. Our findings provide evidence of an EKC at New Zealand regions, indicating that tourism and economic development contribute to the long-term regional environment improvement. This highlights the necessity for environment policy to be tailored at a regional level, rather than solely at the national scale. Additionally, our research introduces a novel approach to EKC studies by incorporating new pollution estimations, which enhances the understanding of regional environmental dynamics. Among others, we discovered that that the sustainable tourism policy has, and will, work well in New Zealand. This study underscores the importance of considering regional factors in environmental policymaking and offers insights that could inform future strategies for balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.
Modelos ART-RISK 1 y ART-RISK 3: propuesta de implementación en el caso de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca (Ecuador), Aguirre Ullauri María del Cisne , López Suscal Michelle ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca (Ecuador), Moreno Falcón Mónica ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla (España), Ortiz Calderón Rocío ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla (España), Ortiz Calderón Pilar ,   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla (España)
Published: October 2024

En la actualidad, las ciudades han experimentado transformaciones significativas, al igual que su patrimonio y su población. Como entidades orgánicas que se han desarrollado a lo largo de diferentes períodos de tiempo, las ciudades históricas han seguido principalmente las reglas impuestas por la evolución humana (Glez-Valcárcel, 1981). Este proceso de crecimiento, densificación y desarrollo histórico no solo ha tenido impactos en los recursos ambientales y urbanos, sino también en las áreas rurales, la salud, la calidad de vida y los aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales (Junta de Andalucía et al., 2016).
A numerical study of the high-velocity interaction of rotating strikers having different head shapes with a barrier of finite thickness
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Radchenko Pavel A. , Radchenko Andrey V. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of RAS, Batuev Stanislav P. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of the Siberian Branch of RAS
Published: October 2024

Numerical simulation methods are used to study the effect of rotation of cylindrical strikers made of high-strength steel on the high-velocity interaction with a steel barrier. Three types of striker head shapes are considered: ogival, hemispherical, and flat. The initial velocity of the striker is 1000 m/s, and the rotation frequency varies from 0 to 10000 revolutions per second. The striker-barrier interaction angle varies from 0° to 75°. The modeling is carried out in a three-dimensional formulation using the author’s EFES 2.0 software package. This allows the simulation of the fragmentation of interacting bodies with the formation of new contact and free surfaces, as well as the erosion of materials. The obtained results show that the difference in the penetrating power of rotating and non-rotating strikers is due to the presence of a stress-strain state in the rotating striker caused by rotational motion. The effect of the rotation of the striker on its penetrating power is studied. The conditions for the striker ricochet are determined for various striker-barrier interaction angles, rotation velocities, and head part shapes.
Dynamic analysis of a two-mass mechanical system in a dissipative medium with allowance for inertial forces
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Savel’kaev Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a dynamic analysis of a two-mass mechanical system is performed. The aim of this work is to study the effect of the inertial forces of bodies in relative motion within the mechanical system on the motion of this system in a dissipative medium with linear viscous resistance to the motion of one of its bodies (a reference body). The analysis is based on the decomposition of the absolute impulse of the mechanical system into portable and relative components. The resolution shows that the relative inertia forces significantly affect the absolute motion of the mechanical system in a dissipative medium. The equation for such motion is presented, where the total mass of the mechanical system is conditionally concentrated in the reference body. The obtained results and conclusions can be used to solve the problem of two gravitating bodies, one of which is located in a dissipative medium, with the center of mass of the bodies moving relative to the center of the inertial domain. The results are also applicable to three-mass mechanical systems of the inertioid type.
Minimization of a Smooth Function on the Boundary of an Outer Generalized Spherical Segment
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, Dulliev Aidar M.
Published: October 2024

We consider the problem of minimizing a smooth function on the boundary of the so-called external generalized segment of a sphere, which is constructed in a certain way from a sphere and a convex solid cone with a vertex lying outside the corresponding closed ball. A modification of the gradient projection method is proposed and its convergence to the stationary point of the problem is substantiated.
Service quality in higher education: A literature review
Authors: Bartolo Romain Patrick , Tınmaz Hasan
Published: October 2024

In a time where the student experience increasingly mirrors a customer-centric approach, universities are tasked with fulfilling the role of comprehensive educational service providers. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on service quality in higher education, focusing on various generic and industry-specific scales. The primary objective of this article is to analyse and compare prominent measurement scales such as SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, HEdPERF, UnivQual, and HiEduQual. Each scale is defined according to its original literature and provides a foundational understanding of their respective constructs and factors. To achieve a nuanced comparison, the paper examines these scales based on the number of factors extracted from studies and their characteristics. The analysis reveals a great diversity and specificity of factors in measuring service quality across different higher education contexts. Beyond that, the paper analyses a database of 45 selected peer-reviewed articles to understand the practical application of service quality scales in empirical research. This examination considers multiple dimensions such as the country of focus, the statistical procedures employed, and the research methods. These dimensions offer a rich comparative insight into the trends in service quality research within higher education. Additionally, the study delves into the number and names of factors identified in each article, mapping them against the established scales to uncover patterns and deviations in empirical findings. A notable aspect of the review is the exploration of gender differences in service quality perceptions, a critical yet often underexplored area. This gender-based analysis provides valuable insights into how male and female students may perceive service quality differently, thereby informing more nuanced and inclusive service quality enhancement strategies. The findings of this paper underscore the multifaceted nature of service quality in higher education and the importance of context-specific scales. By comparing different measurement approaches and analysing a broad spectrum of empirical studies, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of how service quality is conceptualised and measured in higher education. It also offers practical implications for researchers and practitioners aiming to enhance service quality and align it more closely with student expectations and experiences.
Yapay Zekâ Destekli Görsel Sanat Yaratıcılığında Hipostatik Birleşme ve Erkenlik Paradoksu
Authors: Keskin Savaş , Uzun İmran , Birlik İsmail
Published: October 2024

Bu makale görsel ve plastik sanatlar üst disiplinlerinin bir uzantısı olduğu varsayılan yapay zekâ görselliğini (fotoğraf, resim, grafik tasarım) kapsamaktadır. Makalenin çıkış noktası ise meşhur Cosmopolitan Dergisi’nin, Yapay Zekâ özel sayısının kapağında görünen “Kedi Yürüyüşü Yapan Kadın Astronot” illüstrasyonunun yanına kocaman bir şekilde şu ifadeyi iliştirmesidir: "Dünyanın İlk Yapay Zekâlı Dergi Kapağıyla Tanışın". Hatta derginin söz konusu sayısının internet sayfası lansmanında bu ifade biraz değiştirilerek “Dünyanın En Akıllı Yapay Zekâsı İlk Dergi Kapağını Yaptı” biçimine dönüşmüştür. Ancak fail ile fiili arasındaki bu ilişki dönüşümün en önemli ikinci mottosu ise şudur: “Ve onu yapmak yalnızca 20 saniye aldı!”. Belki de daha önce bir yardımcı araç/aparat olarak parçası olduğu modern görsel sanatlara bir yaratıcı fail olarak yeniden dahil olan bilgisayarlar, mutlak hızlılığın hüküm sürdüğü güncel post-McDonaldlaşma akılcılığının belki de en paradoksal akıldışılığı olarak tuhaf bir insan-bilgisayar tümleşmesini mevzubahis kılmıştır. Bu birleşmenin marjinal bir melezleşme mi, yoksa hipostatik bir birleşme mi olduğu ikilemi ise bu araştırmanın tartışma konusudur. Sanat eserinin insan emeği boyutunu ifade etmekte önemli bir parametre olan tekillik, artık melezleşen bir çoklu-fail ya da insansızlaşan fail tarafından her şeyde olduğu gibi erkenlik sorunsalına neden olmaya başlamıştır. Üstelik bu sorunsal, modern ve post-modern görsel sanatların pazarlama mottosuna dönüşmüştür. Sanatsal eylemin böylesine fiillerini erken boşalan failler tarafından sergilenmesi, üretimde bollaşma ile bayağılaşma/kalabalıklaşma arasında sıkışan yeni bir biricikleşme problemine işaret etmiştir. Çünkü Türk Dil Kurumu sözlüğü, gayr-ı meşru bir şekilde ilişki kuran anne ve babanın mahsulü olan çocuğun piç olarak çağrılabileceğini söyler. Baba sıfatına erişen insan ile ana sıfatındaki yapay zekânın bu gayr-ı meşru ve gelenekçilik açısından gayr-ı ahlakî ilişkisinden doğan sanat eseri piç midir yoksa insan emeğinden kopuşu nedeniyle soysuzlaşmanın/kökensizleşmenin bir sonucu mudur? Bu temel soruya ilişkin sorgular üretmek için var olan bu makale, hermenötik düzlemde biçimlenen bir dizi hipostatik birleşme meselesinin özü ve arketipleri hakkındadır.
Crystallisation of Zika NS5 RdRp v1
Authors: V. Chandran Anu , Marples Peter , austin Walsh Martin
Published: October 2024

The main aim of this work was to identify small molecules that bind Zika NS5 RdRp (catalytic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain) through X-ray fragment-based screening. The Zika NS5 RDRP domain was cloned, expressed, purified, and crystallised. Suitable crystals for fragment screening were produced and optimised allowing an extensive fragment campaign to be performed. A native high-resolution structure was determined at 1.8Å and formed the basis for the fragment campaign.
Crystallisation of SARS-CoV-2 N Protein v1
Authors: Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren
Published: October 2024

The crystallization protocol and buffer conditions used to obtain reproducible SARS C0V-2 Nucelocapsid crystals suitable for XChem fragment screening.
READDI protocol: Crystallisation of CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain v1
Authors: Aschenbrenner Jasmin , Marples Peter , Fearon Daren
Published: October 2024

The crystallization protocol and buffer conditions used to obtain reproducible Chikungunya Virus NS3 macrodomain crystals suitable for XChem fragment screening.
THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON THE QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS OF OREGANO (Origanum vulgare L) PLANT
Authors: Khazaei Poul Tahmoures , Moballeghi Morteza , Neshaee Moghaddam Mojtaba , Eftekhari Ali
Published: October 2024

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of NPK fertilizer on oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plant for two years (2017 and 2018). Various levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1), potash (0, 40 and 80 kg ha-1), and phosphorus (0 and 30 kg ha-1) fertilizers were applied. The results revealed that the use of NPK fertilizers significantly increased the dry weight of the oregano plant's aerial parts (leaves, inflorescences, and whole aerial parts). In the first year, the dry weight of the whole shoot increased by 82 to 124 g m-2, and in the second year, it increased by 82 to 129 g m-2. Moreover, regarding essential oil concentration, this parameter in inflorescence ranged from 2.38% to 3.66% in the first year, while in the second year, it ranged from 3.02% to 4.14%. Notably, the inflorescence had a higher essential oil concentration compared to the leaves. The study also found that the use of NPK fertilizer at a ratio of 100:20:40 kg ha-1resulted in the highest percentage of essential oil in the aerial. Conversely, the control treatment led to a decrease in essential oil yield. Among the essential oil compounds, Carvacrol and p-Cymene were the predominant components, with concentrations ranging from 49.36% to 60.32% and 2.03% to 4.56%, respectively, in various oregano plant organs.

Keywords: Dry weight, Essential oil, Inflorescence, Oregano, Nitrogen.
Review of the traineeship at the University of Prešov
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stepanenko Anastasiia
Published: October 2024

The University of Prešov is one of the leading higher education institutions in Slovakia, located in the city of Prešov. Founded in 1997, the university quickly established itself as an important educational and scientific center of the region. It offers a wide range of academic programs at bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels covering various fields of knowledge, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, theology, medicine and others. Training programs are aimed at developing critical thinking, practical skills and academic excellence.
Application of questionnaires in studying the frequency of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome
Authors: Bolotova Elena V. , Dudnikova Anna V. , Onopriev Vladimir V. , Batrakova Lyubov  V. , Abramenko Arina G.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome is a set of adverse physiological reactions of the human body to exposure to common chemical agents in low doses, which are considered non-toxic to the population.
AIM: To study the frequency and characteristics of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome manifestation using the Russified questionnaire Quick Environment Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the pilot study, 468 people undergoing a preventive medical examination were surveyed (232 men, average age 34.2±9.3 years, and 236 women, average age 42.9±13.8 years). To assess multiple chemical sensitivity, an analysis of three subscales of the Russified validated QEESI questionnaire (chemical intolerance, severity of symptoms, and impact on everyday life) was used. The statistical significance of differences in relative indicators was assessed using the Pearson χ2 criterion. Absolute indicators were presented as M (SD). Relationships and differences in indicators were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
RESULTS: The frequency of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome was 45.5%, 51.7% of patients had concomitant diseases. The frequency of comorbidities with and without multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome was comparable: allergic diseases — 25.6 vs 17.5%, χ2=3.84, p=0.069; irritable bowel syndrome — 8.1 vs 10.9%, χ2=3.648, p=0.057; migraine — 11 vs 10.5%, χ2=0.642, p=0.424. Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome was more often detected in women (74.3 vs 25.6%, χ2=5.76, p=0.001) and patients with a sedentary lifestyle (58.3 vs 24.8% χ2=11.9; p=0.01). In patients with multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome, the most common central nervous system complaints were mood lability (26.5 vs 11.3%, χ2=18.936, p=0.003), headaches (27.4 vs 10.5%, χ2=7.555, p=0.006); in the gastrointestinal tract — nausea (13.7 vs 7.6%, χ2=4.826, p=0.029), abdominal pain (10.9 vs 5.5%, χ2=4.178, p=0.041).
CONCLUSION: A high frequency of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (45.5%) was revealed, which was typical for women and patients with a sedentary lifestyle. Patients with this syndrome significantly more often reported complaints from the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Effect of dimephosphone in a course administration on the mechanical activity of the intestine of rats with an autism model
Authors: Zyapbarov Ainur M. , Ivanova Daria V. , Bakanova Alexandra S. , Ziganshin Ayrat U.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal tract dysfunctions are a very common problem in patients with autism spectrum disorders, which aggravates the underlying course of the disease, and therefore there is a need to find safe drugs to correct gastrointestinal dysfunctions.
AIM: Evaluation of intestinal contractile activity in rats with an autism model after a course of intragastric administration of dimephosphone.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The mechanical activity of the duodenum and ileum of rats with the valproate model of autism after the administration of dimephosphone was studied in vitro. To model autism, female rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of sodium valproate at a dose of 500 mg/kg in the withers area on the 13th day of pregnancy. The offspring of these rats were divided into two groups. The experimental group of rats (n=12) was given dimephosphone at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 30 days, starting from the age of 2 months, control rats (n=12) were given physiological saline in an equal volume. Another group of rats was intact (n=9), which were born from female rats not exposed to valproic acid. The effect of carbachol (10–8–10–5 M), ATP (10–7–10–4 M), 2-methylthio-ATP (10–7–10–5 M) and electrical stimulation (1–5 Hz) on the mechanical activity of isolated intestinal smooth muscle preparations was assessed. Statistical processing was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 using one-way analysis of variance.
RESULTS: It was found that in rats with autism modeling, carbachol-induced intestinal contractions and ATP-induced intestinal relaxation increased. A course of intragastric administration of dimephosphone for 30 days normalized these changes, which became indistinguishable from the corresponding indices in intact animals. Thus, ATP at a concentration of 10–4 caused relaxation of the smooth muscles of the duodenum of rats with autism modeling after a course of dimephosphone administration by 77.1±14.7%, which significantly differed from the corresponding indices in control animals — 34.4±9.4% (p 0.05) and did not differ from the indices in intact rats. Similar changes occurred in the mechanical activity of the ileum. Intestinal relaxation in rats caused by 2-methylthio-ATP did not change significantly either in the control or in the group of animals receiving dimephosphone.
CONCLUSION: Dimephosphone, when administered intragastrically, normalizes the disturbances in the mechanical activity of the intestines of rats with an autism model.
Análisis de la producción científica sobre las aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial al control de gestión y la auditoría
Authors: Núñez-Barrios Elviz Daniel , Carreño-Ríos María , Roberto-Pérez Carlo , Colala-Troya Ana Lucía , Díaz-Guerra Diego , Ramírez-Echavarría Yisel
Published: October 2024

En la actualidad, la inteligencia artificial está revolucionando la gestión de recursos y el control de gestión mediante la automatización de procesos, la detección de anomalías financieras y la generación de informes precisos. Sin embargo, la rápida emergencia y el carácter incipiente del campo sugiere la necesidad de conocer su estructura, principales tendencias y relación entre líneas de investigación. Este artículo se propone dos objetivos fundamentales. El primero es caracterizar la producción científica sobre las aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en el campo, mientras que el segundo es explorar la intersección entre la gestión financiera, el desarrollo tributario y la economía circular, con énfasis en cómo estas áreas convergen para promover la sostenibilidad y la eficiencia en los proyectos empresariales. Se emplea una metodología mixta en dos etapas, la primera utilizó un análisis de indicadores bibliométricos en Scopus, mientras que la segunda profundizó en artículos escogidos mediante un análisis temático. Se examina la evolución del campo y el creciente interés de la comunidad científica, si bien aún predominan los eventos con resultados similares a los artículos originales. En el análisis de contenido se pudo constatar el uso de algoritmos avanzados para realizar análisis predictivos y prescriptivos, permitiendo a las organizaciones anticipar tendencias futuras y tomar decisiones estratégicas informadas. Se concluye que la integración efectiva de la IA en la gestión financiera y tributaria no solo optimiza los recursos y la gestión de riesgos, sino que también promueve una gestión más eficiente y responsable de los recursos en proyectos de economía circular. Los datos consultados subrayan la importancia de adoptar tecnologías innovadoras para mejorar la capacidad de adaptación y competitividad en un entorno empresarial cambiante.
The method for noninvasive investigation of the boundaries of homogeneous magnetizable inclusions inside a biological object
Authors: Zhilnikov T.A. , Zhulev V.I. , Kaplan M.B. , Zhilnikov A.A.
Published: October 2024

Currently, in modern medicine and related areas of medical technology, the problem of noninvasive investigation of the internal structure of a biological object with the aim of detecting and subsequently visualizing hidden metallic foreign inclusions in the body is becoming increasingly important. Determining the spatial position and identifying the boundaries of such inclusions in the body can be a rather time-consuming process, as solving this problem is mainly done through noninvasive methods of introscopy, which require very careful application. Thus, a method for noninvasive investigation of hidden differently oriented homogeneous inclusions that allow for magnetization by an externally periodically time-varying magnetic field inside a biological object, is proposed in the study. This is achieved by representing the investigated volume as a set of parallel sections and measuring the distribution of the vector function of magnetic field induction in each of them using a working element in the form of spatially oriented contours based on a pair of inductance coils with an equal number of turns and opposing winding inclusion. This allows for non-invasive tomographic scanning of a biological object aimed at detecting the refraction effect of the altered vector field of magnetic field induction, followed by the reconstruction of inclusions based on projection data. The reconstruction is carried out using the back-projection method with prior spatial filtering in the original area through convolution of projection data with a convolution function.
Rationale for the creation of multispectral data-processing system shock reconnaissance UAVs for use in modern warfare
Authors: Nadtochiy V.N.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, in the technically developed countries of the world, special attention has been paid to the development of the theory and practice of warfare in a single information space, changing views on the training and use of armed forces in modern wars and conflicts. An important aspect in the combat management chain is the distribution and transmission of information to support the decisions of the command and control of the armed forces. The purpose of the work is to identify typical tasks solved using a multispectral information and computing system of a reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The analysis of tasks and the target load of UAVs in modern wars is carried out. The data on modern UAVs are systematized, in particular, on the payload used, the features of combat use in military conflicts, the main disadvantages in the functioning of control systems to achieve specific combat tasks. The modern world concepts and technologies for the development of integrated UAV information systems are presented. The hierarchical principle of obtaining information in a multispectral system and its complex processing are considered. The result of the functioning of a set of sensors in complex information processing will be the possibility of forming solutions that reduce the amount of information transmitted through data transmission channels and simplify the operator's work.
Unmanned aerial vehicle as a reconnaissance object
Authors: Afonin I.E. , Makarenko S.I. , Ivanov M.S.
Published: October 2024

There have been reports of unauthorized use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in highly controlled areas (airports, military facilities, against critical industrial infrastructure) in the media since the mid-2000s. Nowadays, small UAVs are widely used for unauthorized surveillance of important objects, conducting terrorist attacks and sabotage, transporting prohibited goods (weapons, drugs), as well as for military purposes. For this reason, the problem of countering UAVs, and especially small UAVs, has be-come extremely relevant. Analysis of publications in this area has revealed a small number of serious studies in this topic. Conclusions, made on the effectiveness of existing air defense systems for combating all types of UAVs in several papers seem to be too optimistic. However, the problem of countering UAVs, and especially small UAVs, is highly complicated, multifaceted and has not been solved yet. The goal of this paper is to analyze UAV as an object of detection and defeating while using various ways and means of countering UAVs. This work focuses on the analysis of UAV as an object of radar, radio-reconnaissance and radio-technical, optical-electronic and acoustic intelligence, as well as an object of fire and electronic defeating. Results of systematization and analysis of UAVs as an object of fire and electronic defeating, capabilities of on time detecting and target indicating by radar, radio-reconnaissance and radio-technical, optical-electronic and acoustic means of intelligence are presented in the paper. Carried out systematization is based on information from more than 40 open sources. Analysis of the sources reveals the list of main features of the UAV as an object of defeating, and makes it possible to carry out a detailed analysis of modern detection systems, as well as their effectiveness and disadvantages. Elements of novelty of the paper are general features of UAVs detection process, as well as systemic disadvantages of the detection systems technical solutions, which lead to reduce in efficiency, while being used against UAVs. The material of the paper can be used to generate initial data for modeling and studying the combat effectiveness of the air defense systems when countering UAVs. This article can be useful for constructors, who design the countering UAV systems.
The method of calculating the vector antenna pattern based on the algebra of quaternions
Authors: Mishchenko S.E. , Bashly P.N.
Published: October 2024

The quaternion algebra contains the algebra of real and complex numbers, as well as three-dimensional vector algebra. The algebra of quaternions finds application in describing the rotations of coordinate systems, which is also of interest in describing problems of electrodynamics, in which it is often necessary to perform a transition from the basis of sources to the basis of observation. It is shown that using the algebra of quaternions, it is possible to express Maxwell's equations and their solutions in a coordinate system invariant form. A method for calculating a vector antenna based on the algebra of quaternions is proposed. It is shown that the algebra of quaternions is applicable not only for the calculation of electromagnetic fields, radiation patterns, but also for the calculation of polarization characteristics. All transformations define products of rotation functions, for which it is enough to find trigonometric functions sinx and cosx once, and all subsequent rotation operations are performed when implementing quaternion algebra procedures. The application of the quaternion algebra also avoids errors in determining the directions of turns. The proposed methodology can be used to design antennas placed on mobile objects when solving problems of analysis and synthesis.
The main directions of enhancement of digital antenna arrays
Authors: Zadorozhnyy V.V. , Larin A.Yu. , Litvinov A.V. , Mit’kin A.S.
Published: October 2024

The development of modern radio electronic systems causes an increase in the requirements for the parameters of antenna devices (AU) and causes the transition from previously used mirror antennas and passive phased array antennas (FAA) to active FAA (AFAA), the considerable advantage of which is a significant reduction in energy losses of transmitted and received signals by reducing the distance of the low-noise amplifier input and output of power amplifier to the antenna element. Further development of the AU is the transition from AFAA with analog beamforming to digital antenna arrays (DAR) with digital beamforming, the advantages of which are due to the possibility of forming multibeam receiving and transmitting radiation patterns with independent control of the direction and shape of the beams, as well as the possibility of flexible change of operating modes. The use of a DAR with two-dimensional electronic scanning provides a significant increase in the efficiency of radio-electronic systems. Thus, their use in radar provides a gain in the efficiency of using the time, energy, frequency and spatial resources of radar with CAR up to 13 times compared with radar with passive FAA and AFAA with one-dimensional scanning. The disadvantages of the DAR are the high cost and increased energy consumption due to the installation of active elements in each transceiver channel, as well as the long time required to create new products, associated with a large amount of software and a complex structure for building a CAR. To overcome these disadvantages, manufacturers of antenna arrays and developers of the radio-electronic element base are creating new technical solutions. The main directions of development of technologies for the production of DAR functional devices that reduce the cost and reduce the time needed to create new products are shown: the development of common modules that allow you to create scalable DAR, increasing the integration of microwave monolithic integrated circuits with the placement of the maximum number of transceiver channels on one chip, increasing the integration of ASIC, including ADCs, DACs and digital signal processing devices, increasing the clock frequencies of digital functional nodes, as well as the development of circuit solutions for building nodes with low energy consumption.
Broadband patched element of antenna array K-band with two orthogonal polarizations and low level cross-polarization radiation
Authors: Manuilov B.D. , Zheltko A.Ch.
Published: October 2024

The developed designs of a broadband patched antenna, built using the principle of self-complementary, and containing a two-layer substrate and a conducting circular cylinder, form a radiation pattern close to symmetrical and provide a matching of about -10 dB in a 50% band (from 18 GHz to 30 GHz). This band increases the bandwidth of the patched antenna by 2,5 times in accordance with recently published work [9]. At a frequency of 20 GHz, the cross-polarization signal level is -22,5 dB. This indicator is not given in [9]. At frequencies below 18 GHz, there is a significant (up to 130) deviation of the maximum of the copolarization pattern from the normal to the aperture, and therefore, with the selected design dimensions of the antenna, the range of operating fre-quencies should be limited from below to a frequency of 18 GHz. The simulation of the characteristics of the developed element in the array showed that the introduction of a conducting cyl-inder into the antenna weakens the interaction of antenna through the substrate, expands the matching band, reduces the level of cross-polarization radiation and improves the isolation between orthogonal microwave inputs. Measurements of the characteristics of the developed antenna generally confirmed the simulation results.
The influence of defects on conduction processes in chalcogenide semiconductor compounds
Authors: Magkoev T.T. , Mustafaeva D.G.
Published: October 2024

Due to the strong dependence on the intrinsic defectiveness of structures, semiconductor compounds based on metal chalcogenides have a wide spread in kinetic properties and high growth temperatures of materials, as well as a tendency to self-compensation of defects. It has been shown that an increase in defectivity in the cation sublattice leads to a decrease in ionic conductivity in copper chalcogenides, and an increase in temperature leads to an increase in ionic conductivity due to a change in mobility. The low activation energy indicates a strong intrinsic disorder of the cation part of the lattice. In copper chalcogenides, the presence of hopping conductivity at small deviations from stoichiometry is explained by compensation and a high concentration of vacancies. Under such conditions, this activation energy is the activation energy for the movement of copper ions throughout the crystal and almost all metal ions contribute to the ionic electrical conductivity. In semiconductor compounds based on metal chalcogenides with deviations from stoichiometry, the activation energy of cationic conductivity does not change, since the defects that arise in this case do not introduce large changes in ionic conductivity with temperature. The increase in ionic conductivity with increasing temperature is due to a change in mobility, since the carrier concentration remains unchanged. The latter is determined only by the structural features of the phases. Deviation from stoichiometry in compounds makes it necessary to take into account the movement of the main charge carriers in the allowed zones, and the movement of carriers along vacancies. The properties of metal chalcogenides are largely determined by the characteristics of their preparation and depend on the relative ratio of metal and chalcogen atoms, as well as the presence of intrinsic defects and their influence on the mechanism of behavior of charge carriers and transfer phenomena.
Modeling and optimization of control processes of information-telecommunication systems
Authors: Lvovich Ya.E. , Preobrazhenskiy A.P. , Preobrazhenskiy Yu.P. , Avetisyan T.V.
Published: October 2024

Modern information and telecommunication systems are characterized by the fact that they are large and have many heterogeneous parameters. It is important that during the development in different directions such systems are managed in an efficient way. The noted problem requires a comprehensive approach, which involves the use of an expert approach and the method of ranking. It is also required to take into account the information on the simulation experiment. Carrying out the choice of the corresponding variant of the information-telecommunication system should be realized at coordination of interests of the control center and objects of the system. To model and optimize the characteristics of the information and telecommunication systems in order to increase their effectiveness. The mechanism of changing the rating position of information-telecommunication system is shown. The basic steps of the scheme related to modeling and optimization of control facilities are presented. The illustration of changes in the volume of processed information with the use of control approaches is given. The types of interactions of the control center and information-telecommunication systems are indicated. The carried out research provides increase of efficiency of information-telecommunication systems, using a combination of optimization methods, expert and rating approaches.
Mathematical simulation of radar scattering characteristics of ultra-short-pulse signals on complex shape objects
Authors: Likhoedenko K.P. , Seregin G.M. , Suchkov V.B.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the method of mathematical modeling of characteristics of scattering of ultrashort-pulse signals of complex shape objects, taking into account the shape of the envelope of the ultrashort-pulse radio signal and the features of radiation of an ultrawideband antenna. To estimate the reflecting properties of objects, the determination of the ultra-short-pulse radar cross section of complex shape objects with their radar location by non-harmonic signals is given. The mathematical model of radar scattering characteristics of location objects under ultra-short-pulse signals takes into account the shape of the envelope of the signal generated by a transmitter of a single-chip microchip NVA 6100 with duration of 300 ps and obtained through direct measurements. The electric scattering field of a location object in the frequency domain is determined on the use of a polygonal model of the object and asymptotic methods of diffraction theory. The transfer function of the Vivaldi antenna to radiation obtained by numerical modeling using the method of moments was used in the electric field calculations. Verification of the developed mathematical model was carried out on the basis of determining the ultra-short pulse radar cross section of perfect electric conductive sphere. A diagram of the ultra-short-pulse radar cross section of the GPS satellite was obtained, taking into account the radiation of the ultra-short-pulse signal by the Vivaldi antenna. The diagram of ultra-short pulse radar cross section of GPS satellite does not contain interference maxima and minima, and the averaged values ultra-short radar cross section of GPS satellite from lateral angles are on average 3..8 times less than radar cross section at the center frequency of the spectrum. The mathematical model of radar scattering characteristics of location objects under ultra-short-pulse signals is intended for preliminary estimates of the ultra-short-pulse radar cross section at an early step of designing ultra-wideband radars. The obtained estimates of the ultra-short-pulse radar cross section of the GPS satellite make it possible to identify the main features in the scattering of ultra-short-pulse signals at the location of extended targets.
Residual phase noise measurements of elements of the radio frequency path of radiometric receivers
Authors: Korolev A.V. , Rykov S.G. , Sidorov I.A. , Gudkov A.G. , Chigikov S.V.
Published: October 2024

In this work, the measurement of the residual phase noise of amplifiers and frequency multipliers using frequency doublers and step recovery diodes, were performed utilizing the interferometric method. The results obtained showed the possibility of using the interferometric method in measuring the phase noise of radio frequency paths of radiometric receivers. The measured values of residual phase noise can be used to evaluate the characteristics of the radio frequency paths of receivers.
Spatial planning of the Bueno Brandão (MG) municipality with emphasis on hydrographic sub-basins
Authors: Simões Débora Paula , Oliveira Angelo Marcos Santos
Published: October 2024

Territorial planning must be carried out with the objective of organizing human activities so to promote sustainable development, reconciling human well-being with environmental preservation. In this context, this study was developed with an initial proposal for the spatial planning of the municipality of Bueno Brandão (MG), using the hydrographic sub-basins as environmental planning units. For this purpose, the Geographic Information System software QGIS was used to structure a database composed of hydrographic, altimetric information, municipal limits and spatial distribution of rural clusters and the urban area of the municipality. The Digital Elevation Model, obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission project, was also used. Google Earth images were used to verify that the areas of population concentration coincided with the limits of the sub-basins. The initial proposal for Bueno Brandão spatial planning resulted in the identification of 43 rural clusters and the delimitation of the urban area, distributed in 12 hydrographic sub-basins.
The origins of political eschatology in Europe: The French Revolution as a cosmic struggle of good and evil forces
Authors:   Former researcher at the Reference Library Independent researcher, Rocchi Tony
Published: October 2024

Eschatology is a religious doctrine about the coming end of the world and the coming of a new age. Beginning in the late 18th century, eschatology acquired a political content and was used often by many European ideologies, especially nationalism and socialism, to explain the course of history. Revolutions often included an eschatological content. The French Revolution was the first major European revolution with a large eschatological content. This article examines the influence of eschatology on the course of this revolution. The eschatological tendencies, begun in the French and other revolutions, culminated in the Russian Revolution of 1917-1922. These tendencies included dividing people into categories of the saved and condemned, demonization of enemies, especially internal ones, conspiracy theories, compiling criteria for membership in a political or ethnic nation, determining norms of correct behavior for members of the nation, compiling criteria for the exclusion of people from the ranks of the nation. The article theme has a certain relevance to contemporary outbreaks of political and religious eschatology in different movements and ideologies.
Dynamic Quality Evaluation in Higher Education
Authors: Gaftandzhieva Silvia , Doneva Rositsa , Totkov George
Published: October 2024

The paper aims to propose, investigate and test suitable means for automation of the processes for dynamic quality evaluation of objects in a given subject area. On the basis of the theoretical study a number of conceptual and computational models are proposed. In consequence, the architecture of a software system for dynamic quality evaluation is defined and a corresponding software prototype is built over an existing university information infrast-ructure. General models are applied for dynamic quality evaluation of different objects in the field of higher education.
Management in Ukraine: Stages of Formation, Development, Types
Authors: Pshenychna Liubov , Skyba Olha
Published: October 2024

In the article, based on the analysis of scientific researches of domestic and foreign scientists, are described the historical periods and stages of the formation and development of management in Ukraine, given are the characteristics of the seven main stages of development of Ukrainian management science from the origins to the present with the definition of the founders of the management schools at each of these stages. It is noted that depending on the object, the main types of management are distinguished: general and functional, innovative, personal, production, financial, international, ecological, quality management, marketing management, sales management, educational management. All these types are identifying priorities, problems and resources for achieving the main goal – success, profit making, investment attraction, leadership and competitiveness in the market.
The Impact of Edmodo Assisted Education on Project Evaluation Achievement Scores and Determination of Opinions for use in Education
Authors: Tavukcu Tahir
Published: October 2024

In this study, the aim was to determine the effects of pre-school 4th grade teacher candidates who have been studying in blended education supported by Edmodo on the project evaluation success scores and their opinions about the use of Edmodo in education. The research is based on a semi-experimental model, designed according to two groups of experimental and control models.
In the experiment group, lessons were given face to face in both online and classroom environment supported by Edmodo. The control group was only face-to-face in the classroom environment. Both groups consisted of 53 participants who were 4th grade teacher candidates from Near East University Preschool Teaching Department. Systematic sampling selection method was applied when students were assigned to groups. Students with an odd number, as the last digit of their school number, made up the control group while the students with an even number, at the end of their school number, created the experimental group. As a result of the findings obtained from this research, both groups were found to be statistically significant in favor of the experimental group supported by Edmodo between the project evaluation success scores at the end of the study, and also the results of the experiment group students' opinions on the use of Edmodo in education were found to be positive.
Axiological aspect of will in scientific knowledge
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Arkhipova Yuliya V. , Steklova Irina V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article presents the axiological aspect of will as a phenomenon of a person's regulation of his behavior and scientific activity, in particular. The study of the mechanisms of volitional decisions in scientific knowledge is necessary, first of all, because the will is responsible for the formation of goals and the implementation of efforts to realize them. The purpose of philosophical research is to identify the ontological sources of the phenomenon of will and their axiological analysis in scientific activity leading to creative judgments. Theoretical analysis. The axiological approach allows us to explore the possibilities of the mind, as opposed to impulsive desires, in conditions of making volitional decisions both in science and other forms of knowledge. The ontological basis of will is the presence of an obstacle, overcoming which becomes the fulfillment of a goal. In scientific activity, the will prevents the manifestation of emotional excitement, acting as a determinant of scientific research activity. An axiological analysis of will as a value and a source of positive emotions demonstrates the achievement of a goal by satisfying the need to overcome an obstacle that has a correlation with the category of singularity. Conclusion. A value analysis of the phenomenon of will shows the possibilities of human thinking for the most productive scientific activity, expressed in a combination of the optimal level of emotional stress and strong will.