bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intima-Media Thickness Measurements of the Common Carotid Artery in Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Nasrollahi Kobra , Farahi Amirhossein , Paknazar Fatemeh , Akhlaghi Mohamadreza , Fazel Farhad , Zarepur Ehsan , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the left and right common carotid arteries (CCA) as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods. This was a case-control study involving patients with CSCR and a matched healthy control group. The mean and difference of the left and right CCA IMT were determined and compared between the two groups using carotid duplex high-resolution B-mode ultrasound equipment. Results. The study enrolled 32 CSCR patients (68.8% female, mean age 38.22 ± 5.42 years) and 32 controls (65.6% female, mean age 39.56 ± 5.33 years). The difference in common carotid IMT between the right and left sides was significantly greater in the CSCR group than in the control group (

p
<
0.001

). Additionally, according to logistic regression analysis, patients with CSCR had a greater chance of having differences in IMT between the two sides when compared to the control group (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09–1.52). Conclusion. Our findings indicated that in the CSCR group, the difference between the right and left sides of CCA IMT was significantly greater than in the control group.
Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of the Involute Spline Coupling in Aeroengine with the Parallel Misalignment
Authors: Xue Xiangzhen , Huo Qixin , Liu Jian
Published: September 2021

In order to control the vibration of the involute spline coupling in aeroengine well and reduce the fretting wear, a bending–torsion coupling nonlinear vibration model of the involute spline coupling with the misalignment was proposed, and a dynamic meshing stiffness function with multiteeth engagement was established. Then, the influence of different misalignment, wear, and rotation speeds with different misalignment on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the involute aviation spline coupling was explored. The result shows that with an increase of the parallel misalignment, the system experienced the state of a single period, a quasiperiod, multiperiod, and chaos but finally only alternated between the quasiperiod and the chaos state. The uneven wear of each tooth of the spline displayed a significant influence on the vibration of the spline coupling, and the influence of the uniform wear was smaller under given conditions here. Furthermore, with an increase of the speed, the larger the misalignment was, the more times the system entered or left the chaos state were. The model proposed here is found to be closer to the actual working conditions, and the analysis results can provide more accurate external load conditions for the prediction of the fretting damage of the spline coupling in aeroengine.
Canine Natural Killer Cell‐Derived Exosomes Exhibit Antitumor Activity in a Mouse Model of Canine Mammary Tumor
Authors: Lee Jienny , Lee Se-A , Gu Na-Yeon , Jeong So Yeon , Byeon Jeong Su , Jeong Da-Un , Ouh In-Ohk , Lee Yoon-Hee , Hyun Bang-Hun
Published: September 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells are key immune cells engaged in fighting infection and malignant transformation. In this study, we found that canine NK cell‐derived exosomes (NK‐exosomes) separated from activated cytotoxic NK cell supernatants express specific markers including CD63, CD81, Alix, HSP70, TSG101, Perforin 1, and Granzyme B. We examined the antitumor effects of NK‐exosomes in an experimental murine mammary tumor model using REM134 canine mammary carcinoma cell line. We observed changes in tumor size, tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence‐related markers in the control, tumor group, and NK‐exosome‐treated tumor group. We found that the tumor size in the NK‐exosome‐treated tumor group decreased compared with that of the tumor group in the REM134‐driven tumorigenic mouse model. We observed significant changes including the expression of tumorigenesis‐related markers, such as B cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (Bmi‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase‐3 (MMP‐3), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the apoptotic markers, B cell lymphoma‐2 associated X (Bax) and B cell lymphoma‐extra large (Bcl‐xL) belonging to the Bcl‐2 family, in the tumor group compared with those in the control group. The expression of CD133, a potent cancer stem cell marker, was significantly higher than that of the control. By contrast, the NK‐exosome‐treated tumor group exhibited a significant reduction in Bmi‐1, MMP‐3, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, Bax, Bcl‐xL, and PCNA expression compared with that in the tumor group. Furthermore, the expression of CD133, which mediates tumorigenesis, was significantly decreased in the NK‐exosome‐treated tumor group compared with that in the tumor group. These findings indicate that canine NK‐exosomes represent a promising therapeutic tool against canine solid tumors, including mammary carcinoma.
Prestack Inversion Identification of Dolomite Reservoirs in the Fourth Member of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Moxi Area, Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Wu Yong , Wang Xuxu , Zhou Lu , Han Chongyang , Zhang Lianjin , Lan Xuemei , Lu Peng
Published: September 2021

The dolomite reservoir of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Moxi area of Sichuan Basin is thin, is fast in lateral variation, and has P-impedance difference from the surrounding rock; it is difficult to identify and predict the dolomite reservoir and fluid properties by conventional poststack seismic inversion. Through the correlation analysis of core test data and logging P-S-wave velocity, this work proposed a formula to calculate the shear wave velocity in different porosity ranges and solved the issue that some wells in the study area have no S-wave logging data. AVO forward analysis reveals that whether the gas reservoir of dolomite reservoir is located at the top of the fourth member of Dengying Formation is the main factor affecting the variation of AVO type. Through cross-plotting analysis of elastic parameters, it is found that P-S-wave velocity ratio and fluid factor are sensitive parameters to gas-bearing property of dolomite reservoir in the study area. By comparing the inversion results of prestack parameters such as density, P-wave impedance, S-wave impedance, P-S-wave velocity ratio, and fluid factor, it is found that the gas-bearing prediction of dolomite reservoir by using P-S-wave velocity ratio and fluid factor obtained from simultaneous prestack inversion had the highest coincidence rate with actual drilling data. At last, according to the distribution characteristics of fluid factor and P-S-wave velocity ratio, the favorable gas-bearing areas of dolomite reservoir in the fourth member of Dengying Formation in the study area are finely predicted, and the next favorable exploration areas were pointed out.
The Role of Vertebral Morphometry in the Pathogenesis of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Abbas Janan , Peled Natan , Hershkovitz Israel , Hamoud Kamal
Published: September 2021

The aim of the current study was to establish whether the vertebral morphometry (e.g., vertebral body width and spinal canal diameters) is associated with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). A retrospective computerized tomography (CT) study from L1 to L5 for two sample populations was used. The first included 165 participants with symptomatic DLSS (sex ratio 80 M/85F), and the second had 180 individuals from the general population (sex ratio: 90 M/90F). Vertebral body length (VL) and width (VW) were significantly greater in the stenosis males and females compared to their counterparts in the control. The mean VL in the stenosis males was 31.3 mm at L1, 32.6 mm at L2, 34 mm at L3, 34.1 mm at L4, and 34.5 at L5 compared to 29.9 mm, 31.3 mm, 32.6 mm, 32.8 mm, and 32.9, respectively, in the control group (P ≤ 0.003). Additionally, the bony anterior‐posterior (AP) canal diameters and cross‐sectional area (CSA) were significantly smaller in the stenosis group compared to the control. The mean AP canal values in the stenosis males were 17.8 mm at L1, 16.6 mm at L2, 15.4 mm at L3, 15.6 mm at L4, and 16.1 at L5 compared to 18.7, 17.8, 16.9, 17.6, and 18.8, respectively, in the control group. Vertebral length (OR‐1.273 to 1.473; P ≤ 0.002), AP canal diameter (OR‐0.474 to 0.664; P ≤ 0.007), and laminar inclination (OR‐0.901 to 0.856; P ≤ 0.025) were significantly associated with DLSS. Our study revealed that vertebral morphometry has a role in DLSS development.
The Comparison of Dental Anxiety between Patients Treated with Impacted Third Molar Surgery and Conventional Dental Extraction
Authors: Dereci Omur , Saruhan Nesrin , Tekin Gorkem
Published: September 2021

Background. The aim of the present study is to compare the dental anxiety levels between two outpatient clinics. Methods. Two hundred and seventy patients treated in two different clinics of minor oral surgery and dental extraction polyclinic in the Dental Faculty of Eskisehir Osmangazi University were included in the study. The impacted third molar surgery group and conventional dental extraction group consisted of 101 and 169 patients, respectively. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Dental Fear Scale (DFS) were used to measure anxiety levels in patients treated in both clinics. Tests were made in an isolated room preoperatively. The differences in anxiety levels according to education status and gender were also evaluated. Results. The impacted third molar surgery group showed a significant increase in dental anxiety measured with DFS questionnaire (p < 0.05). However, MDAS revealed that there was no difference between anxiety levels between the impacted third molar surgery and conventional dental extraction groups (p > 0.05). There was also no difference in anxiety levels between patients with different education status (p > 0.05). Female patients demonstrated higher levels of anxiety in both MDAS and DFS indexes (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Dental anxiety may be higher in patients treated with impacted third molar surgery compared with conventional dental extraction. The education status of patients may not affect dental anxiety. Female patients may show increased levels of dental anxiety in conventional dental and impacted third molar extractions.
Robot Floor‐Tiling Control Method Based on Finite‐State Machine and Visual Measurement in Limited FOV
Authors: Wang Shun , Zhou Huixing , Zhang Zhongyue , Zheng Xiaoyu , Lv Yannan
Published: September 2021

In recent years, accelerative aging society is meeting the short supply of young and middle‐aged labor. Particularly, most young people are reluctant to work in the construction industry, which has caused the labor cost of floor tiling to rise year by year. In addition, floor tiling requires workers to continuously bend over or lean over to work, which greatly jeopardizes the physical health of them. Therefore, advanced technology applied in floor tiling is highly demanded to replace the traditional manual method. On the context, the automatic method of floor tiling may promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry. Although a few robots for floor tiling have been developed, the automation of existing systems is still at a low level. This paper proposes a robot floor‐tiling control strategy based on visual measurement feedback and finite‐state machine, in which the calculation of tile position information in limited field of vision is obtained by an improved Canny edge detection and a Hough linear transformation. Moreover, an algorithm for complementing tile position information based on visual measurement is proposed, and the quality of tile laying is evaluated online. To evaluate the effect of the proposed control strategy, the experimental verifications are given. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can complete the automatic floor tiling with high accuracy.
Antimicrobial Activity against Oral Pathogens Confirms the Use of Musa paradisiaca Fruit Stalk in Ethnodentistry
Authors: Owusu-Boadi Ernest , Akuoko Essuman Mainprice , Mensah Gabriel , Ayamba Ayimbissa Emmanuel , Boye Alex
Published: September 2021

Background. Ethnodentistry is the use of indigenous oral cleansing agents such as plant parts by local folks not only to maintain oral hygiene but also to treat oral infections. Mostly, ethnodentistry is inspired by traditions and belief systems of local communities. Musa paradisiaca is extensively cultivated and used in many cultures for its nutritional and medicinal values. In Ghana, the fruit stalk of Musa paradisiaca is used as an oral cleansing agent to maintain oral hygiene; yet this folk claim remains to be ascertained scientifically. Objective. The study assessed the antibacterial and antifungal effects of three extract fractions (aqueous, ethanol, and ethyl acetate fractions) of Musa paradisiaca fruit stalk against Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida albicans, common oral pathogens implicated in dental caries and periodontitis. Materials and Methods. Aqueous, ethanol, and ethyl acetate fractions of Musa paradisiaca fruit stalk were prepared by cold maceration and qualitatively screened for their phytochemical composition. Antimicrobial effects of the three extract fractions were assessed by using serial broth dilutions at increasing concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml) and compared to standard antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, doxycycline, and fluconazole). Subsequently, the absorbances of the microbial suspensions treated with increasing concentrations of the extract fractions were measured at 450 nm, and the cell densities were determined. Results. Except for the aqueous extract, which was less effective in decreasing microbial growth, the ethyl acetate and the ethanol extract fractions demonstrated antimicrobial efficacies comparable to those of the standard drugs. All three extract fractions demonstrated concentration-dependent growth inhibitory effects on the tested oral pathogens although not as effective as the standard drugs used. Conclusion. Musa paradisiaca fruit stalk has demonstrated antimicrobial effects against Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida albicans, common oral pathogens implicated in dental caries and periodontitis, and this finding confirms in part folk use of Musa paradisiaca fruit stalk as a traditional dental care agent. Thus, the fruit stalk of Musa paradisiaca could be explored for use as a cheap and readily available dental care agent for people entrapped in the poverty line.
Determination of Joint Surface Roughness Based on 3D Statistical Morphology Characteristic
Authors: Lin Hang , Qin Jianxin , Wang Yixian , Chen Yifan
Published: September 2021

Roughness significantly affects the shear behavior of rock joints, which are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering. Since the existing calculation methods on the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) fail to obtain a sufficiently accurate value of JRC, a new determination method was proposed in this study, where the 3D laser scanning technique and self‐compiled Python code, as well as the statistical parameter methods, were applied. Then, the shear strength of jointed rock was evaluated via Barton′s model, and therefore, a comprehensive comparison between the calculating results and experimental results was executed. Ultimately, the influencing factors of roughness profile extraction on the accuracy of JRC value, such as the measuring point interval, profile number, and measuring direction, were investigated. The results show that (1) equipped with the 3D laser scanning technique, the roughness profiles can be accurately extracted via the self‐compiled Python code, (2) an excellent consistency of shear strength could be observed between the calculating value and experimental results, verifying the validity and accuracy of the proposed method, and (3) a smaller measuring point interval can produce a more accurate digital profile and more accurate JRC value. To a certain extent, the more the sample numbers of profiles, the smaller the value of JRC.
Music Style Classification Algorithm Based on Music Feature Extraction and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Kedong
Published: September 2021

The music style classification technology can add style tags to music based on the content. When it comes to researching and implementing aspects like efficient organization, recruitment, and music resource recommendations, it is critical. Traditional music style classification methods use a wide range of acoustic characteristics. The design of characteristics necessitates musical knowledge and the characteristics of various classification tasks are not always consistent. The rapid development of neural networks and big data technology has provided a new way to better solve the problem of music‐style classification. This paper proposes a novel method based on music extraction and deep neural networks to address the problem of low accuracy in traditional methods. The music style classification algorithm extracts two types of features as classification characteristics for music styles: timbre and melody features. Because the classification method based on a convolutional neural network ignores the audio’s timing. As a result, we proposed a music classification module based on the one‐dimensional convolution of a recurring neuronal network, which we combined with single‐dimensional convolution and a two‐way, recurrent neural network. To better represent the music style properties, different weights are applied to the output. The GTZAN data set was also subjected to comparison and ablation experiments. The test results outperformed a number of other well‐known methods, and the rating performance was competitive.
The Effects of Statin Dose, Lipophilicity, and Combination of Statins plus Ezetimibe on Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Baratzadeh Fatemeh , Reiner Željko , Simental-Mendía Luis E. , Xu Suowen , Susekov Andrey V. , Santos Raul D. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: September 2021

Background. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the drugs of choice for decreasing LDL-C and are used for the prevention and management of ASCVD. Guidelines recommend that subjects with high and very high ASCVD risk should be treated with high-intensity statins or a combination of high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. The lipophilicity or hydrophilicity (solubility) of statins is considered to be important for at least some of their LDL-C lowering independent pleiotropic effects. Oxidative modification of LDL (ox-LDL) is considered to be the most important atherogenic modification of LDL and is supposed to play a crucial role in atherogenesis and ASCVD outcomes. Objective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to find out what are the effects of statin intensity, lipophilicity, and combination of statins plus ezetimibe on ox-LDL. Methods. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 5, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent and blinded authors evaluated eligibility by screening the titles and abstracts of the studies. Risk of bias in the studies included in this meta-analysis was evaluated according to the Cochrane instructions. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V2 software. Evaluation of funnel plot, Begg’s rank correlation, and Egger’s weighted regression tests were used to assess the presence of publication bias. Results. Among the 1427 published studies identified by a systematic databases search, 20 RCTs were finally included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 1874 patients are included in this meta-analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that high-intensity statin treatment is associated with a significant decrease in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL when compared with low-to-moderate treatment (SMD: -0.675, 95% CI: -0.994, -0.357,

p
<
0.001

;

I

2

: 55.93%). There was no difference concerning ox-LDL concentration between treatments with hydrophilic and lipophilic statins (SMD: -0.129, 95% CI: -0.330, -0.071,

p
=
0.206

;

I

2

: 45.3%), but there was a significant reduction in circulating concentrations of ox-LDL associated with statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy when compared with statin monotherapy (SMD: -0.220, 95% CI: -0.369, -0.071,

p
=
0.004

;

I

2

: 0%). Conclusion. High-dose statin or combination of statins with ezetmibe reduces plasma ox-LDL in comparison low-to-moderate intensity statin therapy alone. Statin lipophilicity is not associated with reduction in ox-LDL plasma concentrations.
Prospective Analysis of Lipid Variations in Hyperthyroid Subjects from Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Amir , Ahmad Shaaf , Mumtaz Tamseela , Naseem Zahra , Malik Javeria , Ahmad Husna , Roohi Nabila
Published: September 2021

Perturbations in the actions of T3 and T4 influence the normal metabolic pathways. Responsiveness of lipid biomarkers like LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TC, TG, Apo‐A, and Apo‐B after rehabilitation of thyroid profile attaining euthyroid state was determined. A total of 179 age‐matched subjects of both genders were recruited for this research. Sixty healthy controls, thirty‐four subclinical, fifty overt hyperthyroid, and thirty‐five follow‐up subjects having 3 months of Carbimazole therapy were enrolled. Biochemical analysis was performed by chemistry analyzer, RIA, and ELISA. One‐way ANOVA was applied for the statistical analysis, while significance (P < 0.05) of means was compared by the Student‐Newman‐Keuls (SNK) test. Pronounced reduction (P < 0.001) of cholesterol in overt as compared to control and subclinical was noticed, whereas marked improvement (P < 0.001) was evidenced in follow‐up. Prominent elevation (P < 0.05) of TG in follow‐up was evidenced as compared to control. Overt presented marked reduction of HDL‐C as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), respectively. Pronounced elevation (P < 0.001) of HDL‐C was evidenced after treatment. Overt presented reduction of LDL‐C as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The follow‐up group demonstrated considerable (P < 0.001) improvement of LDL‐C after treatment and elevation (P < 0.05) as compared to control. Overt presented reduction of Apo‐B as compared to subclinical and control (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Improvement (P < 0.05) of Apo‐B was evidenced in follow‐up. Reduction (P < 0.05) of Apo‐A in overt as compared to control and elevation (P < 0.05) in follow‐up as compared to overt was evidenced. Conclusively, improvement after treatment was evidenced in lipid profile.
Scorpion‐Derived Antiviral Peptides with a Special Focus on Medically Important Viruses: An Update
Authors: El Hidan Moulay Abdelmonaim , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , El Hiba Omar , Draoui Ahmed , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Kahime Kholoud
Published: September 2021

The global burden of viral infection, especially the current pandemics of SARS‐CoV‐2, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis, is a very risky one. Additionally, HCV expresses the necessity for antiviral therapeutic elements. Venoms are known to contain an array of bioactive peptides that are commonly used in the treatment of various medical issues. Several peptides isolated from scorpion venom have recently been proven to possess an antiviral activity against several viral families. The aim of this review is to provide an up‐to‐date overview of scorpion antiviral peptides and to discuss their modes of action and potential biomedical application against different viruses.
High Frequency of Low-Virulent Microorganisms Detected by Sonication of Implanted Pulse Generators: So What?
Authors: Spindler Philipp , Faust Katharina , Finger Tobias , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Bayerl Simon , Trampuz Andrej , Kühn Andrea A. , Vajkoczy Peter , Prinz Vincent
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a well-established treatment modality for a variety of conditions over the last decades. Multiple surgeries are an essential part in the postoperative course of DBS patients if nonrechargeable implanted pulse generators (IPGs) are applied. So far, the rate of subclinical infections in this field is unknown. In this prospective cohort study, we used sonication to evaluate possible microbial colonization of IPGs from replacement surgery. Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing IPG replacement between May 1, 2019 and November 15, 2020 were evaluated. The removed hardware was investigated using sonication to detect biofilm-associated bacteria. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Results: A total of 71 patients with a mean (±SD) of 64.5 ± 15.3 years were evaluated. In 23 of these (i.e., 32.4%) patients, a positive sonication culture was found. In total, 25 microorganisms were detected. The most common isolated microorganisms were Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) (68%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (28%). Within the follow-up period (5.2 ± 4.3 months), none of the patients developed a clinical manifest infection. Discussions/Conclusions: Bacterial colonization of IPGs without clinical signs of infection is common but does not lead to manifest infection. Further larger studies are warranted to clarify the impact of low-virulent pathogens in clinically asymptomatic patients.
Acute Pancreatitis after Biliary and Pancreatic Stent Removal with a Forward-Viewing Endoscope
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: September 2021

Plastic biliary stents are commonly used for biliary drainage, while plastic pancreatic stents may be used prophylactically against acute pancreatitis in patients at high risk for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. Removal of these prostheses is generally safe and can easily be performed in the ambulatory setting. Herein, we report a case of acute pancreatitis induced by removal of plastic biliary and pancreatic stents with a forward-viewing endoscope.
Identification of Significant Proteins in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Protein-Protein Interaction Using Principal Component Analysis and ClusterONE
Authors: Ramadhani Hilmi Farhan , Annisa  , Kusuma Wisnu Ananta
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) will cause disease complications and organ damage due to excessive inflammatory reactions if left untreated. Computational analysis of protein-protein interactions can be carried out in various ways, including topological analysis and clustering of protein-protein interaction networks. Topological analysis can identify significant proteins by measuring the most important nodes with centrality measurements. By using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the types of centrality measures were extracted into the overall centrality value. The study aimed to found significant proteins in COVID-19 protein-protein interactions using PCA and ClusterONE. This study used 57 proteins associated with COVID-19 to obtain protein networks. All of these proteins are homo sapiens organism. The number of proteins and the number of interactions from 57 proteins were 357 proteins and 1686 interactions. The results of this study consisted of two clusters; the best cluster was the first cluster with a lower p-value but had an average overall centrality value that closed to the second clus-ter. There are twenty important proteins in that cluster, and all of these proteins are related to COVID-19. These proteins are expected to be used in the process of discovering medicinal compounds in COVID-19
Bem-estar mental de enfermeiros em um hospital de urgência e emergência
Authors: Nascimento Rafael dos Santos , Martins Cristiane Maria Alves , Brandão Thyara Maia , Ribeiro Mara Cristina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: identificar a autopercepção dos enfermeiros acerca dos fatores que interferem em seu bem-estar mental durante o processo de trabalho em um hospital de urgência e emergência. Método: estudo de campo com abordagem qualitativa realizado por intermédio de entrevistas com enfermeiros(as) das alas vermelhas (trauma e clínica) de um hospital referência, localizado no Estado de Alagoas. Resultados: existem diversos fatores que afetam, de forma positiva ou negativa, o bem-estar mental de enfermeiros que trabalham em hospitais de urgência e emergência. O processo de adoecimento mental do trabalhador é singular, complexo e dinâmico, além de ser multifatorial, desta forma, mesmo com diversos fatores negativos encontrados no ambiente de trabalho, os fatores positivos podem se sobressair e minimizar as interferências insalubres sofridas pelos profissionais. Conclusão: é importante que ocorra uma sensibilização das instituições e enfermeiros sobre o tema, que ainda é negligenciado, para que sejam construídas estratégias, compatíveis com a realidade de cada local, que possam proporcionar qualidade de vida e bem-estar mental no trabalho.
Terminologia e organização do conhecimento: linguagens, vocabulários e sistemas
Authors: Almeida Bruno
Published: September 2021

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que as ferramentas utilizadas para a organização do conhecimento (tesauros, esquemas de classificação, etc.) podem ser entendidas como recursos terminológicos. Abordamos as relações entre terminologia e organização do conhecimento, assumindo um ponto de vista baseado na bidimensionalidade (linguística e conceptual) da terminologia enquanto disciplina. Em seguida, propomos uma análise dos conceitos subjacentes às designações “linguagem documental”, “vocabulário controlado” e “sistema de organização do conhecimento” nos textos de especialidade. Terminamos com a descrição do SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System), um modelo para a representação de sistemas de organização do conhecimento na web semântica, o qual é avaliado em termos da sua capacidade de modelizar recursos terminológicos de acordo com a abordagem bidimensional à terminologia e os principais elementos da norma ISO 1087.
Building Digital Humanities on the Linguistic Background: Methodological Basis for Digital Humanities Education in Undergraduate and Graduate Programs
Authors: Zámečník Lukáš , Lacková Ľudmila
Published: September 2021

The transformation of society towards digitalization and automatization cannot be ignored by the higher education system. While this has been naturally reflected by the education system regarding technical sciences, humanities are still struggling to catch up with the latest trends in the digitalization of society. The field of Digital Humanities (DH) is very young and lacks a solid methodological basis or ontological principles. This paper aims at proposing some philosophical and methodological grounding for the field of DH and its practical applications in the higher education system. We describe two case studies of the creation of new study programs at the Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Improbidade administrativa: prescrição, processo e ressarcimento ao Estado
Authors: Lutaif Michel Kurdoglian , Balbani Arthur Paku Ottolini , Fonseca Lucca Lopes Monteiro da
Published: September 2021

Desde o advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, que tratou da prescrição de atos de improbidade administrativa de agentes públicos, perdura o debate sobre a imprescritibilidade das ações de ressarcimento ao erário em decorrência dos prejuízos gerados pelos mesmos, por conta da previsão de seu art. 37, § 5º. A indefinição chegou ao fim com o julgamento do RE 852.475/SP, no qual o STF fixou tese pela imprescritibilidade das ações de ressarcimento fundadas em improbidade administrativa dolosa, permanecendo prescritíveis nos demais casos, inclusive quando fundadas na modalidade culposa. Entretanto, a dúvida se manteve sobre o meio processualmente adequado para se buscar judicialmente o ressarcimento. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar as opções que o ordenamento nos dá sobre a operacionalização processual do ressarcimento ao erário e qual a solução que vem sendo adotada pela jurisprudência.
O reconhecimento dos direitos humanos dos migrantes na lei de migração
Authors: Jesus Rodrigo Weber de , Del Vecchio Victor Antonio
Published: September 2021

Os fluxos migratórios foram e continuam sendo um elemento importante para a sociedade e o governo brasileiro. Ocorre que até 2017, nosso país possuía uma legislação antiquada e defasada para tratar da migração, ainda pautada na lógica da securitização dos fluxos migratórios e da defesa da soberania nacional, supostamente ameaçada por nacionais de outros países que chegavam ao Brasil. Isto se alterou após um complexo processo de construção de uma Lei de Migração pautada pela ideia de migração enquanto direito humano, e pelo reconhecimento dos direitos humanos de migrantes. O presente trabalho busca apresentar de maneira breve o cenário migratório nacional e o processo legislativo ocorrido, para então debruçar-se sobre os avanços e retrocessos jurídicos e políticos que ocorreram, e o resultado final que se extrai deles quando aplicados na prática.
A influência cultural na disseminação da violência doméstica e pública contra a mulher
Authors: Oliveira Delma Domingues , Leahy Érika
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo busca analisar a influência da cultura patriarcal disseminada na sociedade, advinda nos primórdios, onde homens e mulheres desde a concepção, aceitavam um modelo preconcebido do seu destino e de suas funções na sociedade. O que se quer demonstrar é o fato de que em função dos estereótipos de gênero os papéis entre dominador e dominado foram aceitos e reproduzidos ao longo de milhares de centenas de anos, além de enfatizar que a violência de gênero contra a mulher é perpetuada graças à legitimação e aos mitos prescritos pela sociedade machista/patriarcal onde a posição subalterna de mulheres em relação à exploração e violência era admitida como um comportamento intrínseco dos homens e da sociedade, mas que aos poucos vem sendo combatida, principalmente a partir da Constituição de 1988, com alterações nas legislações voltadas à proteção de minorias.
Fraude contra credores: noção de fraude em geral. Escorço histórico e questões sobre a fraude contra credores. Ação pauliana
Authors: Almeida José Luiz Gavião de , Bittencourt Josias Jacintho
Published: September 2021

Este artigo não tem o objetivo de trazer respostas definitivas, obviamente, para a fraude contra credores, tampouco realizar estudos aprofundados sobre o vocábulo fraude – nem no Direito brasileiro, nem no Direito Comparado. Também não há a intenção de estudar a hermenêutica, a interpretação e a exegese aplicáveis. Apesar disso, alguns conceitos de fraude serão analisados, tanto no âmbito primitivo como no âmbito contemporâneo do Direito. Nuances sobre o conceito e a problemática da fraude são importantes para pensar, repensar e compreender a sua inserção na frase técnico-jurídica fraude contra credores. Nuances sobre a expressão ação pauliana, contida no título deste artigo, também são importantes para compreender os objetivos do estudo. Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 a.C.) articulou um interessante conceito de direitos e deveres, no contexto da fraude: “Embora o erro possa ser feito de duas maneiras, isto é, pela força ou pela fraude, ambas são bestiais; a fraude parece pertencer à raposa astuta, enquanto a força pertence ao leão. Apesar de ambas serem totalmente indignas do homem, a fraude é a mais desprezível. Isso porque, de todas as formas de injustiça, nenhuma é mais flagrante que a do hipócrita que, no exato momento em que é falso, faz questão de parecer virtuoso”. Este é o propósito, mesmo que singelo, deste artigo.
Covid-19 e mulheres: um estudo sobre a desigualdade de gênero e a governança feminina
Authors: Leon Yhasmin Monteiro Pinto Moreno , Oliveira Natália Gomes Martins de
Published: September 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 causou impactos em todo o mundo, afetando diversos países em diferentes níveis. Em muitos destes, questões antigas, relacionadas com disparidades de gênero, foram especialmente ampliadas, tais como violência doméstica, disparidades salariais, bem como a distribuição desigual do trabalho com base no papel de gênero. Contudo, apesar desse cenário, o contexto de crise social e econômica gerado pelo coronavírus mostrou-se também uma oportunidade para as mulheres demonstrarem a incoerência dos papéis de gênero, uma vez que as líderes femininas alcançaram melhores resultados em termos de taxas de morte e infecção quando comparadas com lideranças masculinas, sendo tratadas como exemplos de governança mundial no combate à pandemia. Dessa forma, partir de uma fundamentação adquirida por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de característica qualitativa, o presente artigo buscou apurar a construção histórica de barreiras socioculturais que têm gerado tais desigualdades de gênero e excluído as mulheres de posições de poder e de tomada de decisão, a fim de constatar a incoerência dos estereótipos de gênero. Através da leitura de artigos acadêmicos, livros, reportagens e dados oficiais acerca do tema, o artigo constatou a efetividade de lideranças femininas no controle da pandemia em razão de fatores psicológicos e estratégicos presentes nos governos das mulheres, tais como um comportamento avesso ao risco associado a uma postura empática e sensível que transmitia confiança, tendo por resposta uma maior adesão social às medidas e políticas de confinamento adotadas.
Mesquita e o grupo de estudos: homenagem póstuma ao professor emérito José Ignacio Botelho de Mesquita
Authors: Rodrigues Walter Piva , Amadeo Rodolfo da Costa Manso Real
Published: September 2021

Homenagem póstuma ao Professor Emérito José Ignacio Botelho de Mesquita por ocasião do ano em que ele completaria oitenta e cinco anos de vida.
A Patativa do Norte vai às arcadas: os 100 anos da visita presidencial de um internacionalista ao Largo de São Francisco
Authors: Franca Filho Marcílio Toscano
Published: September 2021

Na tarde da segunda-feira, 29 de agosto de 1921, o então Presidente da República Epitácio Pessoa faz uma visita oficial à Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco, a convite do Centro Acadêmico XI de Agosto. A visita tem um especial significado, afinal Pessoa é, antes do político e homem de Estado, um respeitado jurista dedicado ao Direito Internacional. Para comemorar o centenário dessa visita, o presente texto republica, com uma breve nota introdutória, o discurso pronunciado por Epitácio naquela ocasião.
Removal of a broken dental needle in the pterygomandibular space using an image intensifier: two case reports
Authors: Couto Paulo Rogério Corrêa , Silva Rafael do Nascimento , Sabóia Rafael de Sousa Carvalho , Leite Segundo Airton Vieira
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Accidents and complications are elements that can occasionally be associated with the procedures realized within work dentist environment. Among some accidents related to dental practice, needle fracture during local anesthesia is noteworthy due to its rarity. Objective: This work seeks to report two cases of removal of a broken dental needle in the pterygomandibular space using an image intensifier. Material and Methods: In both cases, the accident happened during an inferior alveolar nerve block. The surgeons requested image exams to locate the objects using general anesthesia. In the surgery, a transoral incision was made to remove the broken needle from the pterygomandibular space, guided by an image intensifier. Results: Both surgeries were a success. The broken needles were found quickly with the use of the image intensifier, and no postoperative complications were observed. Conclusion: The correct assessment of fractured dental position is essential for its removal. The use of the image intensifier has been showing advantages, such as offering fast transoperative dynamic images and at different angles, thus providing opportunity for calmer surgery and with less risk for the patient and the operator.
Simultaneous Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Left Ventricle Stroke Volume Assessment Predicts Adverse Events in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kamran Hayaan , Hariri Essa H. , Iskandar Jean‐Pierre , Sahai Aditya , Haddadin Ihab , Harb Serge C. , Campbell Joseph , Tefera Leben , Delehanty Joseph M. , Heresi Gustavo A. , Bartholomew John R. , Cameron Scott J.
Published: September 2021

Background

Certain echocardiographic parameters may serve as early predictors of adverse events in patients with hemodynamically compromising pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods and Results

An observational analysis was conducted for patients with acute pulmonary embolism evaluated by a Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) between 2014 and 2020. The performance of clinical prediction algorithms including the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and Carl Bova score were compared using a ratio of right ventricle and left ventricle hemodynamics by dividing the pulmonary artery systolic pressure by the left ventricle stroke volume. The primary outcome of in‐hospital mortality, cardiac arrest, and the need for advanced therapies was evaluated by univariate and multivariable analyses. Of the 343 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 215 had complete data. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume was a clear predictor of the primary end point (odds ratio [OR], 2.31;
P
=0.005), performing as well or better than the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (OR, 1.43;
P
=0.06) or the Bova score (OR, 1.28;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions

This study is the first study to demonstrate the utility of early pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume in predicting adverse clinical events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure/left ventricle stroke volume may be a surrogate marker of ventricular asynchrony in high‐risk pulmonary embolism and should be prognostically evaluated.
Predictors of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Progression in Adolescents—The EVA‐Tyrol Study
Authors: Kiechl Sophia J. , Staudt Anna , Stock Katharina , Gande Nina , Bernar Benoît , Hochmayr Christoph , Winder Bernhard , Geiger Ralf , Griesmacher Andrea , Anliker Markus , Kiechl Stefan , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Knoflach Michael , Pechlaner Raimund , Asare Mandy , Bock‐Bartl Manuela , Bohl Maximilian , Klingenschmid Julia , Kothmayer Martina , Marxer Julia , Pircher Maximilian , Reiter Carmen , Schreiner Christina
Published: September 2021

Background

Cardiovascular disease depends on the duration and time course of risk factor exposure. Previous reports on risk factors of progression of carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) in the young were mostly restricted to high‐risk populations or susceptible to certain types of bias. We aimed to unravel a risk factor signature for early vessel pathology based on repeated ultrasound assessments of the carotid arteries in the general population.

Methods and Results

Risk factors were assessed in 956 adolescents sampled from the general population with a mean age of 15.8±0.9 years, 56.2% of whom were female. cIMT was measured at baseline and on average 22.5±3.4 months later by high‐resolution ultrasound. Effects of baseline risk factors on cIMT progression were investigated using linear mixed models with multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, which yielded significant associations (given as increase in cIMT for a 1‐SD higher baseline level) for alanine transaminase (5.5 μm; 95% CI: 1.5–9.5), systolic blood pressure (4.7 μm; 0.3–9.2), arterial hypertension (9.5 μm, 0.2–18.7), and non‐high‐density (4.5 μm; 0.7–8.4) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.3 μm; 0.5–8.1).

Conclusions

Systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, low‐density and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase predicted cIMT progression in adolescents, even though risk factor levels were predominantly within established reference ranges. These findings reemphasize the necessity to initiate prevention early in life and challenge the current focus of guideline recommendations on high‐risk youngsters.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03929692.
Using Primary Reinforcement to Enhance Translatability of a Human Affect and Decision-Making Judgment Bias Task
Authors: Neville Vikki , Dayan Peter , Gilchrist Iain D. , Paul Elizabeth S. , Mendl Michael
Published: September 2021

Good translatability of behavioral measures of affect (emotion) between human and nonhuman animals is core to comparative studies. The judgment bias (JB) task, which measures “optimistic” and “pessimistic” decision-making under ambiguity as indicators of positive and negative affective valence, has been used in both human and nonhuman animals. However, one key disparity between human and nonhuman studies is that the former typically use secondary reinforcers (e.g., money) whereas the latter typically use primary reinforcers (e.g., food). To address this deficiency and shed further light on JB as a measure of affect, we developed a novel version of a JB task for humans using primary reinforcers. Data on decision-making and reported affective state during the JB task were analyzed using computational modeling. Overall, participants grasped the task well, and as anticipated, their reported affective valence correlated with trial-by-trial variation in offered volume of juice. In addition, previous findings from monetary versions of the task were replicated: More positive prediction errors were associated with more positive affective valence, a higher lapse rate was associated with lower affective arousal, and affective arousal decreased as a function of number of trials completed. There was no evidence that more positive valence was associated with greater “optimism,” but instead, there was evidence that affective valence influenced the participants' decision stochasticity, whereas affective arousal tended to influence their propensity for errors. This novel version of the JB task provides a useful tool for investigation of the links between primary reward and punisher experience, affect, and decision-making, especially from a comparative perspective.
“The Uncertain Method of Drops”: How a Non-Uniform Unit Survived the Century of Standardization
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L.
Published: September 2021

This paper follows the journey of two small fluid units throughout the nineteenth century in Anglo-American medicine and pharmacy, explaining how the non-uniform “drop” survived while the standardized minim became obsolete. I emphasize two roles these units needed to fulfill: that of a physical measuring device, and that of a rhetorical communication device. First, I discuss the challenges unique to measuring small amounts of fluid, outlining how the modern medicine dropper developed out of an effort to resolve problems with the “minimometer,” which measured minims. Second, I explain how drops, utilized in “the open drop method” of administering general anesthesia, effectively communicated a gradual process and epistemically valuable heuristic to the audience of practitioners, whose attention to individual medical outcomes was important for verifying the proper dosage. The standardized minim was never able to achieve success as the drop’s intended replacement; the non-uniform drop better served the relevant epistemic goals within the practical contexts for which these units were designed. The surprising historical trajectory of drops should cause us to question the common equivocation of “standardization” with “progress” in the history and philosophy of measurement. This study also exemplifies how examining non-standard measurement practices can be instructive for better understanding the role and function of standardization within epistemology of measurement.