bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of group dynamics in creating a developing educational environment of a university
Authors: Povarenkina Irina Alexandrovna , Frolova Natalia Hidarovna , Chicherina Yulia Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

The transition to an individually-oriented educational paradigm and the freedom to choose individual learning trajectories leads to the underestimation of students’ teamwork and group dynamics. The study addresses current issues in the implementation of team-building methods and technologies that have not been adequately addressed in the scientific didactic literature. Since at the present stage of its development society faces the need for specialists who able to positively and effectively adapt and interact in a work team, propose constructive ideas, and work in teams, more broad and diverse use of group forms of learning in the higher education system is needed. The article discloses the specifics of the group approach to education. Teamwork contributes to the development of personal and social and group growth and self-realization and strengthens value orientations in the formation of a humanistic worldview which, in turn, is aimed at the sustainable development of society. Such competencies include team competencies that involve the ability to solve interdisciplinary problems. The formation and development of such competencies take place in the context of teamwork. In the context of group dynamics, a student is responsible for reaching their own goals and shares the responsibility for achieving the goals of the team. A student team, in turn, is an environment where each of its members grows professionally and develops personally according to their individual trajectory of success. Theoretical analysis of group development and experimental education prove the effectiveness of group work. Group dynamics provide students with the opportunity not only to be creative but also to create a positive atmosphere and team spirit in the group.
Revolution as herald of new bliss in early English romantic poetry
Authors: Koroleva Svetlana Borisovna , Nikola Marina Ivanovna , Chernozemova Elena Nikolaevna , Kolesnikova Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: September 2021

The idea that the Great French Revolution for the age of early English Romanticism is a signal for mankind to transition into a new era, into a new apocalyptic time of the end of human history, is considered established in modern literary studies. At the same time, such issues remain underdeveloped as the relationship between the images of the Golden Age, paradise regained, and New Jerusalem in the poetry of Elder English Romantic poets and the interpretation of modernity in its connection with the past in the context of a biblical myth. The search for answers to these two questions is the goal of this research. The study is conducted within the framework of comparative literary studies with elements of comparative cultural studies. The significant results include the ideas that the human history during the early poetry by Elder English Romantic poets is depicted as mankind’s transition from blissful primordial harmony of the unity of the person-in-love with nature and another person to the oppressed-divided internal (spiritual) and external (social and political) state and, finally, to the new external (free) and internal (spiritually harmonious) bliss. In this new image of human history, the biblical myth of the Last Judgment and the New Jerusalem is superimposed on the idea of the return of the Golden Age and, simultaneously, paradise lost, and is interpreted through enlightenment ideas and romantic philosophy and aesthetics. The Great French Revolution seems to be the precursor of not only the common longing for the new bliss but also the transformation of human nature on the way to returning to the righteous state of sacrificial love.
Confucianism and the Education of Young People’s Outlook on Life
Authors: Kang Jian , Zhang Yajun
Published: September 2021

The outlook on life is an important part of the “three outlooks” of young people and is of great importance to them. Many Confucian views such as life purpose, life ideals, human attitudes, life values, etc. should have a lot to teach today’s youth about life.
The Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Social in College Students: The Mediation of Sense of Coherence
Authors: Jiang Jiao , Luo Danna
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between the basic characteristics of college students’ social anxiety and the perceived social support and sense of coherence, and further explore the mediating role of the sense of coherence between perceived social support and social anxiety. A questionnaire survey of 420 college students was conducted using the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and the Sense of Coherence-13(SOC-13). The results showed that: (1) The social anxiety in contemporary college students was very high, and the phenomenon of social anxiety of female is significantly higher than male. (2) College students’ social anxiety were significantly negatively correlated with both perceived social support and sense of coherence, and perceived social support was significantly related to sense of coherence. (3) Sense of coherence plays a partial mediation between perceived social support and social anxiety. This study provides theoretical support for revealing the mechanism between perceived social support and social anxiety.
Space and Romance: a Study of Feminist Position in Miss Sophia’s Diary and Sealed Off
Authors: Yu Zhengjun , Liu Yitong
Published: September 2021

Interrogating two cases, Sealed Off and Miss Sophia’s Diary, this paper seeks to apply spatial narrative theories to extract two spatial dimensions, namely physical-space and subjective-space, and interpret the authoresses’ feminist positions based on their deliberate writing on intricate feminine consciousness and psychology that male writers would not be able to experience. The images of men in the novels are also analysed to expose the independent and rebellious consciousness of the two heroines based on the two novelists’ deconstruction of the male-centred portrayal of masculinity in female discourse. It has been found that for women whose consciousness is awakened to seek liberation, physical-space symbolises a double metaphor, offering the possibility of the birth of new women in China during the May Fourth period, but also a cage that imprisons women in their quest for independence; subjective-space more specifically represents the May Fourth new women’s confrontation and mortification with their pursuit of free love, and the deviation of both male and female stereotypes prevalent in traditional Chinese literature.
Energy Drinks Consumption Patterns Among Young Kuwaiti Adults
Authors: Al-Waalan Tahani , Al Khamees Reem
Published: September 2021

Energy drinks are a group of beverages that have become increasingly popular with the Kuwaiti youth consumers to provide extra energy, promote wakefulness, maintain alertness, and provide cognitive and mood enhancement. The purpose of this study is to assist in establishing whether energy drinks constitute a health risk on young Kuwaiti population. A questionnaire was distributed to assess the situation in which they use energy drinks, the most common energy drinks they used, frequency pattern per month and the side effects. Based on the response of (570) participants, a random selection group from teenagers and adult participants were given a can of their favorite energy drink to measure the parameters of this study: blood sugar level, blood pressure and heartbeats. The results showed that prevalence of energy drink consumption is 58.3% of those who consume one or more energy drink per month. Most common reason for this high prevalence is enjoying energy drink’s taste and increasing energy in general. With regards to the adverse effects, numerous volunteers reported several symptoms including increased heart rate, restlessness, heart palpitations, high blood pressure and a high chance of addiction. Additionally, energy drinks with high sugar content are a serious threat to the consumer’s health, as it may lead to obesity and severe health complications.
Different Ways of Teaching Digital Communication
Authors: Xiang Sen , Wu Jin , Zheng Xiujuan , Deng Huiping , Liu Jin
Published: September 2021

Digital communication is a major course for electronics and information engineering students. The course is complex in theory, closely related with practical communication systems, and its prior courses are difficult. All these factors introduce difficulties and challenges to the teaching activity. In order to improve the teaching quality of the course, we make attempts in six aspects, e.g. reforming the knowledge system based on information flow of communication systems, reorganizing teaching content, online and offline teaching, combination of theories and hardware systems, experiments and finally a comprehensive grading system. These teaching research issues bring benefits to the students, not only in the theory but also the skills in dealing with the practical communication systems. In such a manner, the students will be well-cultivated to be qualified engineering talents with solid theory and strong practical ability.
Application of Post-experience in Practice Teaching of Medical Imaging Technology
Authors: Qin Zhigang , Yang Yao , Huang Zheng , Sun Miaoxiu
Published: September 2021

Early clinical, multi clinical and repeated clinical has always been one of the key contents of practice teaching reform of medical image technology, and also one of the basic requirements of the post-experience reform. Combined with the requirements of national policy and vocational education, medical imaging technology students of our department regularly enter the imaging departments of different levels of hospitals for the post-experience activities through freshmen and sophomores. The results show that this practice teaching activity can cultivate students’ clinical thinking of imaging technology, doctor-patient communication ability, practical operation ability and improve self-learning ability, and lay a solid foundation for students ’ internship and employment. It is well received by employers and students all the time to cultivate the comprehensive quality of students majoring in imaging technology and systematically understand the clinical situation of the specialty by using post-experience practice teaching. It is worth combining the national policy, the needs of grass-roots employers and the actual situation of the Department to continue the in-depth development and continuous optimization, and effectively promote the cooperation of medical and education, jointly educate people and serve primary health care.
The Integration of Internet and Picture Book: Using Online Picture Book Reading Project to Promote Primary School Students’ Reading Literacy
Authors: Zhou Yanfei , Fei Tingfang , Chen Jing
Published: September 2021

This study aims to explore the effect of the combination of English picture books and the Internet on pupils’ English reading literacy. 12 primary school students participated in the online picture book reading project. The results are as follows: first, through pre-test and post-test, students’ reading comprehension ability has been improved; Second, the questionnaire shows the online project can help them increase reading interests, develop good reading habits and reading strategies; Last but not least, children give positive feedback to the project, especially about reading-guide videos and teachers’ comments in pronunciation. In general, the online project can promote pupils’ reading literacy.
Welche digitalen Angebote nutzen psychisch vorerkrankte Menschen
während der Corona-Pandemie und gibt es Zusammenhänge mit Angst
und depressiven Symptomen?
Authors: Dahmen Alina , Keller Franziska Maria , Derksen Christina , Kötting Lukas , Lippke Sonia
Published: September 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Corona-Pandemie erfordert zum Infektionsschutz
zahlreiche Maßnahmen wie Kontaktreduktion und Einhalten von Hygiene- und
Abstandsregeln. Ersteres kann durch eine soziale Isolation zu
(möglicherweise behandlungsbedürftigen) psychischen
Störungen führen, letztere erfordern Anpassungen in der
Durchführung medizinischer Therapien. Bei insgesamt begrenzten
Therapiekapazitäten kann der Nutzung digitaler (Gesundheits-)
Anwendungen in der Therapie insbesondere chronischer psychischer Erkrankungen
eine besondere Bedeutung zukommen. Die vorliegende Studie hat daher als Ziel, zu
untersuchen, welche Gesundheits-Apps von psychisch vorerkrankten Menschen
genutzt werden.

Methodik Es wurden 1.060 Versicherte in Vorbereitung auf eine
psychosomatische Rehabilitationsmaßnahme mittels eines
Online-Fragebogens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mit deskriptiven Analysen,
Frequenzanalysen und Varianzanalysen mit Post-hoc Tests sowie
Korrelationsanalysen.

Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmenden nutzten im Durchschnitt drei Apps; die
häufigsten Themen waren „Ernährung“
(n=313), „Selbstdiagnose“ (n=244) und
„Entspannung“ (n=234). Weibliche Teilnehmende nutzten
Apps häufiger als männliche und jüngere Teilnehmende
häufiger als ältere. Eine Angstsymptomatik hing mit der Nutzung
von Apps zusammen, insbesondere zu Herzfrequenz/Blutdruck;
während eine depressive Symptomatik nicht mit der Nutzung digitaler
Anwendungen korrelierte.

Diskussion Einige Gesundheits-Apps werden häufig durch psychisch
vorerkrankte Menschen genutzt. Eine zunehmende Akzeptanz von digitalen
(Gesundheits-)Anwendungen bietet erhebliches Potenzial in der Behandlung
insbesondere psychisch erkrankter Menschen. Der Fokus sollte auf individuellen
Anwendungen mit Einbindung in den regulären Versorgungsprozess
liegen.

Schlussfolgerung Die zunehmende Digitalisierung auch im Gesundheitswesen
kann dazu genutzt werden, die Versorgung gerade in Zeiten der
Kontaktbeschränkungen und begrenzter personeller Ressourcen
sicherzustellen.
Importance of Hip-Spine Syndrome in Hip Arthroplasty: Influence on the Outcome and Therapeutic Consequences
Authors: Langer Severin , Stephan Maximilian , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger
Published: September 2021

Correct interaction between the spine, pelvis, and hip is an essential condition for successful progress after total hip replacement. Spinal pathologies, such as degeneration, fractures,
and spinopelvic imbalance with and without lumbar fusions, are closely associated with an increased risk of impingement or even dislocation of the prosthesis. To significantly reduce this
risk, various parameters are required to quantify the risk groups. Knowledge on the presence of stiffness of the spine (change in pelvic tilt between standing and sitting at < 10°) and
sagittal spinal deformity (pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch > 10° or 20°) is essential in identifying patients with corresponding risk. The individual risk profile can be
assessed through a specific history and examination. Before total hip arthroplasty, a routine preoperative workup is recommended for high-risk patients: using information from standardised
preoperative radiographs while sitting and standing (pelvis, anteroposterior view, lying and standing; spine and pelvis, lateral view, standing and sitting). Important changes can be made
during the surgery. If the spine is stiff, attention should be paid to the position of the cup, with increased anteversion, sufficient offset, and larger head that is secure to dislocation –
to reduce the risk of dislocation. In the case of a sagittal spinal deformity, the functional coronary pelvic level must be carefully controlled so that it is better to use double mobility
cups. Digital systems, such as navigation and robotics, can optimise component positioning although, so far, there is little evidence that the complication rate decreased. Therefore, further
studies are warranted.
Post-Interventionelle subendokardiale “Tamponade“ bei
okkulter Koronarperforation während einer komplexen
PTCA
Authors: Eltarahony Mohamed , Finkenzeller Thomas , Schwinger Robert H. G.
Published: September 2021

Bei einem Patienten mit 3-Gefäß-Erkrankung und Zustand nach
aortokoronarer Bypassoperation vor 10 Jahren mit LIMA-Bypass auf LAD
und Venenbypass auf RCA wurde bei akuter Dyspnoesymptomatik mit
atemabhängigen Beschwerden und erhöhten D-Dimeren zum Ausschluss einer
Lungenarterienembolie (LAE) eine Computertomografie (CT 1)
durchgeführt und eine LAE ausgeschlossen. Bei fortbestehender
Beschwerdesymptomatik und bekannter KHK (koronarer Herzkrankheit)
wurde am Folgetag eine Koronarangiografie durchgeführt. Es wurde eine
PTCA und Stentimplantation mit sequenzieller Vordilatation der
proximalen und der mittleren RCA durchgeführt. Primär zeigte sich ein
gutes Ergebnis bei schwierigem PTCA-Verlauf bei ausgeprägter
Verkalkung und torquiertem Gefäßverlauf. Noch im Herzkatheterlabor
erfolgte das Loading mit Aspirin und Clopidogrel. Nach Beendigung der
Untersuchung wurde ein Perikarderguss echokardiografisch
ausgeschlossen. Im Rahmen einer Routine-Echokardiografie vor
Entlassung zeigte sich eine ausgeprägte echoarme Raumforderung im
rechten Ventrikel, die fast das gesamte Ventrikelvolumen ausfüllte,
mit Aussparung nur eines kleinen basalen Bereiches. Weder im ersten
TTE nach Intervention noch in der initialen CT-Untersuchung (CT 1) war
diese Raumforderung nachweisbar. Klinisch blieb der Patient
beschwerdefrei. Im dann durchgeführten Kardio-CT (CT 2) und im
Kardio-MRT sowie in der transösophagealen Echokardiografie bestätigte
sich diese Raumforderung im rechten Ventrikel, welche eine
subendokardiale und intramurale Ausbreitung zeigte. Zusammenfassend
(Vergleich CT 1 vs. CT 2) zeigte sich somit eine postinterventionelle
Tamponade ohne hämodynamische Relevanz am ehesten im Rahmen einer
Gefäßverletzung durch den Koronardraht mit aufgetretener okkulter
Koronarperforation. Somit können Mikrokoronarperforationen auch im
weiteren Verlauf über Tage zu intramuralen Einblutungen (gegenwärtiger
Fall) oder zur Ausbildung eines Perikardergusses führen.
Echokardiografische Kontrolluntersuchungen auch mehr als 24 Stunden
nach Koronarintervention bei komplexen Prozeduren können helfen, diese
rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Auch größere intramurale Einblutungen können
konservativ beherrschbar bleiben.
A Convenient Procedure for Sonogashira Reactions Using Propyne
Authors: Kraus George A. , Alterman Joshua L.
Published: September 2021

A modified Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides and propyne­ was achieved using only two equivalents of propyne in THF from –78 °C to room temperature.
Prevalence of Anal Intraepithelial Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Savio Mariane Christina , Baldin Rosimeri Kuhl Svoboda , Nóbrega Norton Luiz , Nicollelli Guilherme Mattioli , Brenner Antonio Sérgio , Rocha Pollyanna Borges da , Rossoni Marssoni Deconto , Sartor Maria Cristina , Baldin Antonio
Published: September 2021

Introduction Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal canal associated with HPV, with a higher prevalence in immunosuppressed individuals. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at potential risk for their development, due to the use of immunosuppressants and certain characteristics of the disease.

Method This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and interventional study that included 53 patients with IBD treated at a tertiary outpatient clinic, who underwent anal smear for cytology in order to assess the prevalence of AIN and associated risk factors.

Results Forty-eight samples were negative for dysplasia and 2 were positive (4%). Both positive samples occurred in women, with Crohn's disease (CD), who were immunosuppressed and had a history of receptive anal intercourse.

Discussion The prevalence of anal dysplasia in IBD patients in this study is similar to that described in low-risk populations. Literature data are scarce and conflicting and there is no evidence to recommend screening with routine anal cytology in patients with IBD. Female gender, history of receptive anal intercourse, immunosuppression and CD seem to be risk factors.
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Associated with High-Grade Vulva Injury (Usual-Type Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia): Surgical Treatment with Cutaneous Flap Advancement
Authors: Cunha-e-Silva José Antonio , Povedano Andrea , Vassalo Eduardo , Kneipp Angélica , Arbex Guilherme , do-Val Isabel Chulvis
Published: September 2021

The aim of the present article is to report the case of a young patient with bowenoid papulosis who was a carrier of other sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), such as HIV and high-grade vulva lesion (usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, VIN), and to demonstrate the strategy used to manage the case, as well as to discuss important issues regarding the standardization of intraepithelial lesions.8
Tromboembolismo na artroplastia: Adesão à profilaxia
Authors: Viana Leandra Marla Aires Travassos , Nogueira Iara Antônia Lustosa , Fontenele Andréa Martins Melo , Oliveira Liszt Palmeira de
Published: September 2021

Objetivo Identificar o perfil de adesão à profilaxia medicamentosa de tromboembolismo em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas de artroplastia de joelho ou de quadril em hospital público.

Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado no período de agosto de 2017 a setembro de 2018, com pacientes adultos que foram acompanhados desde a internação até o pós-operatório. Para medir a adesão, aplicou-se a Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky de oito itens. A quantificação do grau de adesão foi determinada segundo o resultado da soma de todas as respostas corretas: alta adesão (8 pontos), média adesão (6 a < 8 pontos), e baixa adesão (< 6 pontos). No presente estudo, foram divididos em altamente aderentes aqueles que tiveram alta adesão e parcialmente aderentes os pacientes que tiveram média ou baixa adesão.

Resultados A análise da adesão mostrou que 73,0% dos pacientes foram altamente aderentes, enquanto 27,0% foram parcialmente aderentes à tromboprofilaxia. O anticoagulante prescrito na alta hospitalar foi o rivaroxabana, inibidor direto do fator Xa. Obtiveram maior adesão os pacientes que não necessitaram de reforço na orientação sobre a profilaxia durante o acompanhamento e, por conseguinte, relataram boa e ótima aceitação à profilaxia, embora estivessem polimedicados durante a alta hospitalar.

Conclusão A análise dos dados obtidos permitiu concluir que os fatores que mais influenciaram na adesão foram os níveis de compreensão e aceitação dos pacientes quanto à profilaxia, a quantidade de medicamentos usada por dia pelo paciente, o custo do anticoagulante e o seu potencial em desenvolver reações adversas.
Integrated Multiorgan Bedside Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Sweeney Daniel A. , Wiley Brandon M.
Published: September 2021

Despite decades of research, the mortality rate of sepsis and septic shock remains unacceptably high. Delays in diagnosis, identification of an infectious source, and the challenge of providing patient-tailored resuscitation measures routinely result in suboptimal patient outcomes. Bedside ultrasound improves a clinician's ability to both diagnose and manage the patient with sepsis. Indeed, multiple point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) protocols have been developed to evaluate and treat various subsets of critically ill patients. These protocols mostly target patients with undifferentiated shock and have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Other studies have shown that POCUS can improve a clinician's ability to identify a source of infection. Once a diagnosis of septic shock has been made, serial POCUS exams can be used to continuously guide resuscitative efforts. In this review, we advocate that the patient with suspected sepsis or septic shock undergo a comprehensive POCUS exam in which sonographic information across organ systems is synthesized and used in conjunction with traditional data gleaned from the patient's history, physical exam, and laboratory studies. This harmonization of information will hasten an accurate diagnosis and assist with hemodynamic management.
High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Lumbar Radiculoplexus Neuropathy in Diabetics: Preliminary Results of a Case–Control Study
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy
Published: September 2021

Background The traditional diagnosis of lumbar radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRN) is based on a classical sequence of symptoms and targeted electrodiagnostic examination by means of electromyography. Ultrasonography reliably indicates the level of lumbar radiculopathy by assessing edema mesial to the site of compression.

Materials and Methods This case–control study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital between July 2017 and June 2019 on 15 diabetic patients with symptoms of LRN. Fifteen healthy volunteers with no symptoms or clinical signs of LRN were included in the control group. The diameter (D) and transverse diameter (TD) of L1 nerve root (L1NR), L2NR, L3NR, and L4NR were measured, and their cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were calculated based on location in the lateral zone, where the NRs were visualized. On high-resolution ultrasonography, femoral nerve was localized lateral to the femoral artery in the femoral triangle beneath the inguinal ligament. Additionally, the CSA (calculated as CSA [mm2] = D × TD × π/4), the diameter (mm), and transverse diameter (mm) of bilateral femoral nerves at the level of L3-L4 were calculated.

Results The difference attributed to CSAs between affected NRs in LRN group and unaffected NRs in controls at levels L1-L4 was considered statistically significant (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed mean values to be 8 mm2 (CSA) for L1NR, 11.2 mm2 (CSA) for L2NR, 13.6 mm2 (CSA) for L3NR, and 17.8 mm2 (CSA) for L4NR. There was significant difference between ΔCSA of LRN patients and controls at L1 to L4 levels (p < 0.05). CSA measurements of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (8 mm2) and femoral nerve (58 mm2) performed on high-resolution ultrasonography were significantly larger on the affected side as compared with the unaffected side.

Conclusion Radiculoplexus neuropathy of the lumbar plexus can be reliably diagnosed on high-resolution ultrasonography that can reveal nerve thickening. The laterality of affected NRs was significantly greater in LRN group when compared with controls.
End-to-end anal Sphincter Repair in Treatment of Post-traumatic Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , El-Said Mohamed
Published: September 2021

The present report describes the end-to-end technique of anal sphincter repair in a 36-year-old female patient with post-vaginal delivery fecal incontinence (FI). The patient had a history of two vaginal deliveries and the symptoms of FI were observed after the second delivery. On assessment of the severity of FI using the Wexner incontinence score, the patient had a score of 12. Endoanal ultrasonography revealed an anterior defect of the external anal sphincter extending from 11 to 3 o'clock. The patient had no previous anal surgery and did not have any medical comorbidities.

The operation time was 45 minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. At 12 months of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in the continence state, with her Wexner score dropping to 4. No postoperative complications were recorded. We can conclude that end-to-end anal sphincter repair is a technically feasible operation that confers satisfactory improvement in the continence state without imposing much tension on the site of sphincter repair.
Quality of Life of Primary Caregivers Attending a Rural Cancer Centre in Western Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kulkarni Shubham S. , Patil Chaitanya , Anap Yogesh S. , Tanawade Prasad K. , Watve Parag J. , Pawar Aditya S.
Published: September 2021

Introduction Caregiver plays a vital role in taking good care of a cancer patient. But often, the caregiver’s quality of life (QOL) is overlooked.

Objectives This study aimed to understand the Caregiver QOL Index—Cancer (CQOL-C) score of the primary caregivers and to find the significant predictors affecting CQOL-C.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the caregivers attending a rural cancer center in western Maharashtra. The primary caregiver is an immediate relative who assists the patient in most routine activities and is not a professional caregiver. A pretested and predesigned questionnaire using the CQOL-C scale was used to interview the caregivers from December 2019 to June 2020. We analyzed the data using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Univariate analysis was done using Student’s t-test and a multivariate model was generated using linear regression analysis of the data.

Results A total of 114 caregivers were interviewed. The mean total CQOL-C score was 44.15 ± 17.24 (confidence interval [CI]: 41–47.3). About 71% of the caregivers reported moderate-to-severe hampering of their QOL. The mean CQOL-C scores in caregivers of patients with and without recurrent cancer were 58.24 (CI: 51.66–64.81) and 40.58 (CI: 37.35–43.80), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean CQOL-C scores in caregivers of patients with and without metastatic cancer were 56.68 (CI: 51. 13–62.22) and 39.80 (CI: 36.45–43.14), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean CQOL-C score in caregivers of patients with hematological malignancies was 60.03 (CI: 58.88–61.17) which was significantly higher compared with other sites (p = 0.0257).

Conclusion The majority of the caregivers in our study have moderate-to-severe detrimental QOL. Recurrence of cancer and metastatic cancer at presentation are the two significant factors affecting CQOL-C. There is an unmet need to cater to the primary caregiver’s concerns while we focus on treating cancer patients.
Improving Dental Access and Oral Health of Older Adults Living in Residential Care: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Glover Samantha , Kabir Russell
Published: September 2021

Objectives To explore the access to daily oral care and access to dentistry for those living in a residential care home.

Materials and Methods For this research, a residential care home and a dental practice within the local area to the care home was approached. A total of 45 participants were interviewed.

Statistical Analysis Semi-structured interviews with three separate cohorts were performed, the patients or their friends and families, care home staff, and the dental teams. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results The three cohorts of patients had similar concerns in accessing the dentists including transport, communication, training, and the need for raised awareness of the importance of oral health. The access to daily oral care was impacted upon by apathy and lack of education or training.

Conclusion Better training is required for care home staff and older people living in care on the importance of oral health. The provision of dental services for this community could be delivered differently with a focus on preventing and maintaining independence as long as possible.
Correlation between Perfusion Index and Left Ventricular Output in Healthy Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Aytekin Ayça , Hakan Nilay , İlhan Özkan , Aydin Mustafa , Olgun Haşim
Published: September 2021

Objective The perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive marker derived from photoelectric plethysmographic signals in pulse oximetry in the evaluation of peripheral perfusion. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between PI and left ventricular output (LVO) in healthy late preterm infants at 48th hour of life.

Study Design With new generation pulse oximeter (MASIMO Rad 7 Oximeter) pre- and post-ductal PI values were recorded from healthy late preterm babies at the 48th hour of life. PI was determined simultaneously with LVO as measured by transthoracic echocardiography.

Results A total of 50 late preterm babies were included in the study. The mean gestational age of the cases was 35.4 ± 0.7 weeks and the birth weight was 2,586 ± 362 g. Mean pre- and post-ductal PI values at the postnatal 48th hour of babies' life were found to be 2.0 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 1.1. The mean LVO value was 438 ± 124, LVO/kg 175 ± 50. When the LVO value was normalized according to the babies' body weight, there was no statistically significant correlation between the pre- and post-ductal PI and the LVO/kg value (r <0.2, p >0.05 in both comparisons).

Conclusion There was no correlation between pre- and post-ductal PI and LVO values in healthy late preterm infants. This may be due to the failure of the LVO, a systemic hemodynamic parameter, to accurately reflect microvascular blood flow due to incomplete maturation of the sympathetic nervous system involved in the regulation of peripheral tissue perfusion in preterm babies.

Key Points
Phase-change-assisted spin-transfer torque switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Li Shen , Lv Chen , Lin Xiaoyang , Wei Guodong , Xiong Yiang , Yang Wei , Wang Zhaohao , Zhang Youguang , Zhao Weisheng
Published: September 2021

Magnetic anisotropy modulation is an effective method to simultaneously reduce the switching current and extend the data retention of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which is promising to be used in the next-generation spin transfer torque (STT) magnetic random-access memory. However, to meet the requirements of high storage life and harsh environments, the improved perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of MTJ makes the conventional modulation methods suffer from high breakdown risk owing to the relatively low efficiency. In this paper, a method of phase-change controlled magnetic anisotropy (PCMA) is introduced to a physical model of VO2/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB perpendicular MTJ with superior modulation capability proved by systematical simulation. The time sequence of phase change pulse and STT pulse is studied, proving that there exists a specific interval to achieve both rapid and low-power switching. With the joint effect of PCMA and STT, low-energy (68.2 fJ), low-error-rate (0.08), and fast (2 ns) write operation can be achieved in the MTJ accompanied by a high thermal stability factor (78). The results demonstrate that the PCMA-STT switching strategy is most suitable for MTJ with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, paving a promising way to replace NOR flash memories.
A new high-pressure technique for the measurement of low frequency seismic attenuation using cyclic torsional loading
Authors: Perrillat Jean-Philippe , Bonjan Roman , Le Godec Yann , Bergame Frédéric , Philippe Julien , Mezouar Mohamed , Garbarino Gaston , King Andrew , Guignot Nicolas
Published: September 2021

We report a new technique for torsional testing of materials under giga-pascal pressures, which uses a shearing module in a large-volume Paris–Edinburgh press in combination with high-resolution fast radiographic x-ray imaging. The measurement of the relative amplitude and phase lag between the cyclic displacement in the sample and a standard material (Al2O3) provides the effective shear modulus and attenuation factor for the sample. The system can operate in the 0.001–0.01 Hz frequency range and up to 5 GPa and 2000 K although high-temperature measurements may be affected by grain growth and plastic strain. Preliminary experimental results on San Carlos olivine are in quantitative agreement with previously reported Q−1 factors at lower pressure. This cyclic torsional loading method opens new directions to quantify the viscoelastic properties of minerals/rocks at seismic frequencies and under pressure–temperature conditions relevant to the Earth’s mantle for a better interpretation of seismological data.
Spin-free formulation of the multireference driven similarity renormalization group: A benchmark study of first-row diatomic molecules and spin-crossover energetics
Authors: Li Chenyang , Evangelista Francesco A.
Published: September 2021

We report a spin-free formulation of the multireference (MR) driven similarity renormalization group (DSRG) based on the ensemble normal ordering of Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 432 (1997)]. This ensemble averages over all microstates of a given total spin quantum number, and therefore, it is invariant with respect to SU(2) transformations. As such, all equations may be reformulated in terms of spin-free quantities and they closely resemble those of spin-adapted closed-shell coupled cluster (CC) theory. The current implementation is used to assess the accuracy of various truncated MR-DSRG methods (perturbation theory up to third order and iterative methods with single and double excitations) in computing the constants of 33 first-row diatomic molecules. The accuracy trends for these first-row diatomics are consistent with our previous benchmark on a small subset of closed-shell diatomic molecules. We then present the first MR-DSRG application on transition-metal complexes by computing the spin splittings of the [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(NH3)6]2+ molecules. A focal point analysis (FPA) shows that third-order perturbative corrections are essential to achieve reasonably converged energetics. The FPA based on the linearized MR-DSRG theory with one- and two-body operators and up to a quintuple-ζ basis set predicts the spin splittings of [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(NH3)6]2+ to be −35.7 and −17.1 kcal mol−1, respectively, showing good agreement with the results of local CC theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples.
Observation of a topological defect lattice in the charge density wave of 1T-TaS2
Authors: Altvater Michael A. , Tilak Nikhil , Rao Skandaprasad , Li Guohong , Won Choong-Jae , Cheong Sang-Wook , Andrei Eva Y.
Published: September 2021

Charge density wave (CDW) phases native to the transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2 are probed through a graphene layer covering its surface by using local scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and transport measurements. We show that over a wide range of temperatures, the graphene cover, while protecting the air-sensitive 1T-TaS2 from oxidation, does not obstruct access to the electronic properties of the CDW. At room temperature, where the system is in the nearly commensurate CDW phase, we observe contiguous domains of the CDW phase separated by a network of topological defects. These topological defects, dubbed CDW vortices, form a lattice with a quasi-long range translational order, which resembles the Bragg glass phase in Abrikosov vortex lattices in type-II superconductors. While the quasi-long range order in the CDW itself is not uncommon, its existence in the CDW vortex lattice is observed here for the first time. Finally, when reducing the temperature to 78 K into the commensurate CDW phase, we find that the graphene cover layer acquires properties consistent with a proximity-induced CDW.
Intermittent evolution routes to the periodic or the chaotic orbits in Rulkov map
Authors: Ge Penghe , Cao Hongjun
Published: September 2021

This paper concerns the intermittent evolution routes to the asymptotic regimes in the Rulkov map. That is, the windows with transient approximate periodic and transient chaotic behaviors occur alternatively before the system reaches the periodic or the chaotic orbits. Meanwhile, the evolution routes to chaotic orbits can be classified into different types according to the windows before reaching asymptotic chaotic states. In addition, the initial values can be regarded as a key factor affecting the asymptotic behaviors and the evolution routes. The effects of the initial values are given by parameter planes, bifurcation diagrams, and waveforms. In order to investigate whether the intermittent evolution routes can be learned by machine learning, some experiments are given to understanding the differences between the trajectories of the Rulkov map generated by the numerical simulations and predicted by the neural networks. These results show that there is about 60% accuracy rate of successfully predicting both the evolution routes and the asymptotic period-3 orbits using a three-layer feedforward neural network, while the bifurcation diagrams can be reconstructed using reservoir computing except a few parameter conditions.
Phase transitions and magneto-electric properties of 70 wt. % Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3–30 wt. % Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4 multiferroic composite
Authors: Bhoi Krishnamayee , Dash Smaranika , Dugu Sita , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Rahaman M. M. , Simhachalam Narendra Babu , Singh A. K. , Vishwakarma P. N. , Katiyar Ram S. , Pradhan Dillip K.
Published: September 2021

Here, we have studied the phase transition and magneto-electric properties of a 70 wt. % Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3–30 wt. % Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4 (70 wt. % PFN–30 wt. % CZFMO) multiferroic composite that exhibits a maximum magneto-electric (ME) coefficient of 26.78 mV/cm Oe at room temperature. Raman analysis confirms the formation of composite and development of strain with the shifting of Raman modes. The local symmetry breaking of end members of the composite is observed by the splitting of Raman modes. The first-order derivative of magnetization with temperature (dM/dT vs T) shows anomalies across 140 K due to the PFN phase, whereas the anomaly around 250 K is due to the spin glass transition of the CZFMO phase. The magnetization vs magnetic field (M–H) study at different temperatures reveals the existence of superparamagnetic behavior above 300 K. The temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of the composite shows an anomaly around ferroelectric phase transition (Tm) for the PFN phase along with the broad relaxation peak arising due to the CZFMO phase. The linear behavior of magnetocapacitance (MD%) with the square of magnetization (M2) suggests the existence of biquadratic ME coupling. The ME study on the composite suggests the existence of both direct and converse ME effects.
Manipulating the anisotropic phase separation in strained VO2 epitaxial films by nanoscale ion-implantation
Authors: Hu Changlong , Li Liang , Wen Xiaolei , Chen Yuliang , Li Bowen , Ren Hui , Zhao Shanguang , Zou Chongwen
Published: September 2021

Manipulating the strain induced poly-domains and phase transition in a correlated oxide material is important for high performance device fabrication. Though the electronic transport in the strained oxide film at macroscopic scales can be directly measured, the anisotropic electronic state and the controllable phase separation cross the insulator-to-metal transition within nanoscale size are still elusive. Here, we selected a VO2 crystal film as prototypical oxide and achieved the manipulation of anisotropy electronic phase separation via injecting a He+ nanobeam into the VO2 film at room temperature. In addition, this nanoscale phase separation was directly visualized by infrared near-field imaging measurements, showing the pronounced and unique cR-axis dependent anisotropy on the VO2 surface. Our results offered insight toward understanding the anisotropic nanoscale phase separation in strained metal oxide films.
On the calculation of free energies over Hamiltonian and order parameters via perturbation and thermodynamic integration
Authors: Escobedo Fernando A.
Published: September 2021

In this work, complementary formulas are presented to compute free-energy differences via perturbation (FEP) methods and thermodynamic integration (TI). These formulas are derived by selecting only the most statistically significant data from the information extractable from the simulated points involved. On the one hand, commonly used FEP techniques based on overlap sampling leverage the full information contained in the overlapping macrostate probability distributions. On the other hand, conventional TI methods only use information on the first moments of those distributions, as embodied by the first derivatives of the free energy. Since the accuracy of simulation data degrades considerably for high-order moments (for FEP) or free-energy derivatives (for TI), it is proposed to consider, consistently for both methods, data up to second-order moments/derivatives. This provides a compromise between the limiting strategies embodied by common FEP and TI and leads to simple, optimized expressions to evaluate free-energy differences. The proposed formulas are validated with an analytically solvable harmonic Hamiltonian (for assessing systematic errors), an atomistic system (for computing the potential of mean force with coordinate-dependent order parameters), and a binary-component coarse-grained model (for tracing a solid–liquid phase diagram in an ensemble sampled through alchemical transformations). It is shown that the proposed FEP and TI formulas are straightforward to implement, perform similarly well, and allow robust estimation of free-energy differences even when the spacing of successive points does not guarantee them to have proper overlapping in phase space.
Energy and enstrophy cascades in the geostrophic vortex with slowly varying inertia–gravity wave spirals
Authors: Liu Yinghe , Xu Yongsheng
Published: September 2021

Although geostrophically balanced mesoscale vortices and unbalanced small-scale turbulence have been well studied, the link between them is not entirely clear, especially in the vertical dimension. The inertia–gravity wave (IGW) spiral plays an important role in the energy and enstrophy cascades between the geostrophic vortex and the small-scale turbulence. Since the vertical velocity cannot be measured in practice, the slowly varying IGW spiral formula in a vortex is used to distinguish the direction of vertical velocity. The vertical deformation of the vortex with IGW spirals results in a vertical semi-circulating cycle of the energy cascades: the energy cascades forward from the geostrophic vortex scale to small scales in the IGW spiral at one depth, flows along the IGW spiral, and then inversely cascades to the geostrophic vortex scale at another depth. Some small-scale energy at one depth eventually reaches large scales at another depth, which can prevent some energy from falling into small-scale dissipation, allowing the geostrophic vortex to continue for months in the ocean. A vertical full-circulating cycle is formed by connecting every IGW spiral in different geostrophic vortices and jets, similar to the energy exchange in the capillaries of the human body. The vertical closed zero-flux line of enstrophy cascades caused by the IGW spiral in a geostrophic vortex isolates the enstrophy at different scales to reduce the dissipation. Due to the IGW spiral, the energy and enstrophy spectra in the geostrophic vortex are −1 and 1 at small scales, respectively.
Unveiling the ambipolar carrier transport property of SnO2−X for multiple-functional interlayers in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ni Zhenyi , Yu Zhenhua , Huang Jinsong
Published: September 2021

Tin oxides are the most promising electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. An ambipolar carrier transport property has been recently demonstrated which enables a simple interconnection structure for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. However, the underlying mechanism for its ambipolar behavior is unclear, which cannot be explained by the intrinsic defects in SnO2−x. Here, by using density functional theory calculations, we unveil the origin of the ambipolar carrier transport of non-stoichiometry SnO2−x with a structure of SnO embedded in the SnO2 matrix. The hybridization of O 2p and Sn 5s orbitals of SnO introduces mid-gap states in the bandgap of SnO2, enabling hole transport property for SnO2−x when x is > 0.2. Increasing the percentage of SnO in SnO2−x significantly enhances the hole transport capability of SnO2−x due to the enlarged Sn–O–Sn angles that increase orbital overlapping between O and Sn atoms, thus providing strategies for the further tuning of the carrier transport properties of SnO2−x by compositional and structural designs.