bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Problem Shifting Analysis of Pollution Control Units in a Coal-Fired Powerplant Based on Multiple Regression and LCA Methodology
Authors: Phungrassami Harnpon , Usubharatana Phairat
Published: May 2021

Coal-fired power generation leads to serious environmental pollution, such as air and water pollution; thus, pollution control or treatment is necessary. However, end-of-pipe treatments are still indispensable approaches to reducing environmental stress, and focusing on each in turn leads to pollutant-by-pollutant features. The present study applies the LCA method to reveal the total direct and indirect environmental impacts from increasing significant pollution control units for a coal-fired power plant. From the results, it was found that increasing the performance of CCS and FGD units may result in higher overall environmental impacts due to their energy costs. Greater energy requirements result in greater global warming potential, human toxicity, and terrestrial acidification effects. LNB & OFA, SCR, and ESP units did not cause any other significant environmental impacts, while activated carbon used in the ACI unit is an additional source of indirect terrestrial acidification. Water depletion effects must be considered when increasing the use of CCS units. Policy makers can use the data from the present study to establish sustainable directions to resolve environmental problems at the macro-economic scale.
Social Capital on Social Networking Sites: A Social Network Perspective
Authors: Sánchez-Arrieta Natalia , González Rafael A. , Cañabate Antonio , Sabate Ferran
Published: May 2021

Although social capital has been researched from many approaches and attempts have been made to measure it online, the literature lacks an operational description that would allow its measurement criteria to be established from a social network perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify in the literature what metrics researchers use to measure social capital on social networking sites from a social network perspective. Thus, this contribution offers a theoretical description of the key elements for measuring social capital in social networking sites, which may be useful in subsequent studies.
The Role of Commitment in the Relationship between Components of Organizational Culture and Intention to Stay
Authors: Sarpong Smart A. , Akom Mary Safowah , Kusi-Owusu Emelia , Ofosua-Adjei Irene , Lee Youngjo
Published: May 2021

For an institution to be classified as one of the best or worst, it largely depends on the people behind it. An institution’s human resource is, therefore, seen as its most important asset. This paper investigates the role of employee commitment in linking some components of organizational culture to employee intention to stay. Components of organizational culture investigated in this paper include work environment, reward system, work environment, and leadership. Data for this study was obtained through a survey of staff of Kumasi Technical University in Ghana with the help of a questionnaire modified and simplified from pre-validated instruments proposed by early researchers. A total of 216 responses were sought from the permanent staff of the university (teaching, non-teaching). Analysis of the study was completed using LISREL software. Parameter estimates of the best-fitting model reveal that commitment mediates the relationship between three components of organizational culture (i.e., reward system, work environment, and leadership) and employee intention to stay. An important conclusion of this study is that a committed employee still requires a well-structured reward system, conducive work environment, and quality leadership from management of institutions to inform their decision to remain in the service of that organization or otherwise.
The Importance of Club Revenues for Player Salaries and Transfer Expenses—How Does the Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19) Impact the English Premier League?
Authors: Quansah Tommy , Frick Bernd , Lang Markus , Maguire Kieran
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption in the sports industry and has raised the question of whether the football industry is based on a sustainable business model. Using data from the English Premier League (EPL), we develop a regression model to achieve two objectives. First, we examine the relationship between the different revenue sources (TV revenues, match revenues, and commercial revenues) and the main cost drivers of professional football clubs (player salaries and transfer expenses). Second, we seek to predict the likely impact of a major market downturn such as the COVID-19 pandemic in the EPL. Our results suggest that TV revenues are by far the most important source of income for player salaries and market values, followed by match revenues and commercial revenues. We predict that player salaries, market values, and transfer expenses will all decrease in the forthcoming EPL season, 2020/2021. The magnitude of the reduction depends on the coronavirus scenario and ranges from −20.4% to −9.5% for player salaries and −26.7% to −12.4% for player market values. Our study seeks to explore the relative impact of the three main revenue sources in the EPL on the unprecedented growth of player salaries, market values, and net transfer expenses in the last three decades. In addition, our study adds to the understanding of the pandemic’s expected impact on the EPL.
Management Influence on the Quality of an Agricultural Soil Destined for Forage Production and Evaluated by Physico-Chemical and Biological Indicators
Authors: Baizán Silvia , Vicente Fernando , Martínez-Fernández Adela
Published: May 2021

The European Common Agricultural Policy promotes the sustainable use of soils through the principle of cross-compliance that links direct payments to good farming practices. Thus, it is necessary to find sustainable alternatives to the conventional management for forage production in the Atlantic Arc dairy farms. Two alternative managements (faba bean in monoculture—FB—and faba bean–Italian ryegrass intercrop—FBIR) were cultivated with organic fertilization during two consecutive years, and compared to the conventional management (Italian ryegrass in monoculture—IR—under chemical fertilization) as winter crops. Maize was used as the summer crop to complete the rotations using organic and chemical fertilization, respectively. The forage yield of winter fodder was quantified. Soil samples and summer harvests were performed to analyse the physico-chemical and biological parameters. The best forage yield corresponded to FBIR with 9.2 t dry matter (DM) ha−1 vs. 7.2 and 5.7 t DM ha−1 for FB and IR, respectively. The soil organic matter did not show significant differences among treatments, suggesting that it may be a poor indicator of the management influence on edaphic quality in the short term. Biological indicators were more sensitive and faster to differentiate among managements than chemical indicators. Earthworm abundance was higher in FB and FBIR than IR (p < 0.001), and consequently, soil infiltration was improved with the alternative management (13.90 vs. 2.08 and 0.90 min for IR, FB and FBIR, respectively, p < 0.01). As a result, the soil health diagnosis of the agroecosystem was better for alternative management.
Quantification of On-Farm Pomegranate Fruit Postharvest Losses and Waste, and Implications on Sustainability Indicators: South African Case Study
Authors: Opara Ikechukwu Kingsley , Fawole Olaniyi Amos , Kelly Candice , Opara Umezuruike Linus
Published: May 2021

While there is a growing body of scientific knowledge on improved techniques and procedures for the production and handling of quality pomegranate fruit to meet market demand, little is known about the magnitude of losses that occur at the farm and post-farmgate. This study revealed the amount of pomegranate fruit lost on the farm and the causes of loss and estimated the impacts of losses. The direct measurement method, which involved sorting and counting of individual fruit, was used since physical identification of the causes of fruit losses on individual fruit was necessary for data collection. Furthermore, qualitative data were collected by physical observation during harvesting and interaction with farm workers. At the case study farm in Wellington, Western Cape Province of South Africa, a range of 15.3–20.1% of the harvested crop was considered lost, as the quality fell below marketable standards for retail sales. This amounted to an average of 117.76 tonnes of pomegranate fruit harvested per harvest season in the case study farm, which is removed from the value chain and sold mainly at a low value for juicing and other purposes and translates to an estimated R10.5 million ($618,715.34) economic loss to the farmer. Environmental factors are the main causes of on-farm fruit losses. In the three pomegranate cultivars studied, sunburn and crack were identified as the leading cause of fruit loss, accounting for about 43.9% of all on-farm fruit losses. The lost fiber, carbohydrate, protein, iron and ascorbic acid contents associated with lost fruit were estimated to meet the daily recommended nutrition intake of 2, 9, 4, 2 and 24 people, respectively. Strategies to control and reduce pomegranate fruit losses and waste at the farm level should focus on environmental factors and mechanical damage since they account for the highest sources of fruit losses. This will ensure improved revenue to farmers, sustainable use of natural resources, reduction of the environmental impacts of the fruit industry, and more availability of quality fruit for nutritional security.
The Digitalization of Agriculture and Rural Areas: Towards a Taxonomy of the Impacts
Authors: Rolandi Silvia , Brunori Gianluca , Bacco Manlio , Scotti Ivano
Published: May 2021

The literature about digitalization in agriculture and rural areas is vast and sectorial at the same time. Both international political institutions and practitioners are interested in promoting digital technology, indicating and describing potential benefits and risks. Meanwhile, academics analyze the actual and possible impacts of digital technologies by using case studies. However, the extensive literature makes it challenging to derive a comprehensive synthesis of the possible impacts that digital technologies are and might generate in the rural domains. In the given context, the present work aims at contributing to the construction of a framework providing a first classification of the digital technologies’ impacts to use in both research and a political agenda.
Effects of the Curing Conditions on the Carbonation Curing Efficiency of Ordinary Portland Cement and a Belite-Rich Cement Mortar
Authors: Kim Hyeju , Pei Junjie , Siddique Salman , Jang Jeong-Gook
Published: May 2021

In the present study, the efficiency of five different carbonation and/or water curing conditions on the properties of belite-rich cement mortar and ordinary Portland cement mortar was investigated. The hybrid curing of samples was carried out by submerging samples at different levels in water or in a lime-saturated solution kept under carbonation curing conditions. The compressive strength was measured to compare the physical properties of the cement mortars, and X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results were analyzed to compare the physicochemical properties. The results revealed that the supply of additional moisture during carbonation curing tends to decrease carbonation curing efficiency and that the hydration products of cement paste are predominantly affected by the depth at which the specimen was immersed in the liquid rather than the type of liquid used.
Linking Agricultural Index Insurance with Factors That Influence Maize Yield in Rain-Fed Smallholder Farming Systems
Authors: Masiza Wonga , Chirima Johannes George , Hamandawana Hamisai , Kalumba Ahmed Mukalazi , Magagula Hezekiel Bheki
Published: May 2021

Weather extremes pose substantial threats to food security in areas where the main source of livelihood is rain-fed crop production. In most of these areas, agricultural index insurance (AII) is recognized as being capable of securitizing food production by providing safety nets against weather-induced crop losses. Unfortunately, however, AII does not indemnify farmers for non-weather-related crop losses. This study investigates how this gap can be filled by exploring strategies through which AII can be linked with non-weather factors that influence crop production. We do this by using an improvised variable ranking methodology to identify these factors in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. Results show that key agrometeorological variables comprising surface moisture content, growing degree-days, and precipitation influence maize yield even under optimal weather conditions, while seed variety, fertilizer application rate, soil pH, and ownership of machinery play an equally important role. This finding is important because it demonstrates that although AII focuses more on weather elements, there are non-weather variables that may expose farmers to production risk even under optimal weather conditions. As such, linking AII with critical non-weather, yield-determining factors can be a better risk management strategy.
A Methodology to Study the University’s Online Teaching Activity from Virtual Platform Indicators: The Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Authors: Prat Joana , Llorens Ariadna , Salvador Francesc , Alier Marc , Amo Daniel
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic led Catalan universities to do all teaching and evaluation online from 11 March 2020 until the end of term on 30 July. Conventional universities made the transition to online teaching in just a few days and suddenly virtual platforms become the centre of interaction between lecturers and students. Data that were obtained from the virtual platforms gave extremely valuable information about what was being done in class. This paper analyses data taken from Atenea, the Moodle virtual platform at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), during quarantine. The key indicators and a data analysis design for Moodle have been proposed, which reveal teaching developments at various levels (overall and at the centre and subject level). This is applied to study data from the UPC Moodle and the results are discussed. The methodology can be extrapolated to other universities with Moodle platforms because the UPC is a set of small campuses and centres.
Cultural Tourism in Nitra, Slovakia: Overview of Current and Future Trends
Authors: Krogmann Alfred , Ivanič Peter , Kramáreková Hilda , Petrikovičová Lucia , Petrovič František , Grežo Henrich
Published: May 2021

Cultural tourism has undergone fundamental changes in several countries of post-socialist Europe. In Slovakia, this fact concerns, for example, localities with a strong connection to the church and its cultural heritage. These monuments belong to the foundations of cultural tourism, yet the state intentionally did not prefer them as tourist destinations until 1989. Only after political and social changes were such localities exploited by tourism with a qualitative and quantitative increase in cultural tourism. The aim of this paper is to investigate the recent changes in cultural tourism in urban areas and to address alternative cultural tourism products to diversify the offerings. To do so, Nitra (Slovakia) was used as a case study area. The main used methods were comparative analysis of information sources and questionnaire surveys, aimed at residents, entrepreneurs, and tourists. The main result is that Nitra has the potential to become an important center of cultural tourism/stage destination of various cultural routes. The presented results will increase awareness of the present and future of cultural tourism; they can be beneficial for organizations dealing with tourism management in the city (city office) and its marketing (Nitra Tourism Organization) for the academic and public sphere.
Sustainable Development of Foodservices under Uncertainty
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Sohrab
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the present study is to provide an approach to identify and investigate the effects of each factor on the development of foodservices in cities. The factors influencing the development of foodservices are extracted. Since there are many factors, interpretive structural modeling is used to rate the key factors. Foodservice improvement action plans are determined by experts and ranked using the slack-based data envelopment analysis method. “Area facilities” and “government support” are the main factors in the development of foodservice units in cities. Factors such as the culture of the region, the size of the units, and systematic recycling of raw materials are also priorities and should be emphasized. Improvement action plans including the action plans of “building the main infrastructure” and “government protection approval” are the priority. According to the findings of this study, foodservices and their development in West Azerbaijan province in Iran need government efforts to provide infrastructure facilities, legal support of units, and create a culture of healthy nutrition in the community. Reconstruction of foodservices and the use of recyclables should also be put on the agenda.
Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Cognition on the Function of Agricultural Water Price—Taking Hexi Corridor as an Example
Authors: Qu Wei , Yan Jing , Tan Yanmei , Tu Qin
Published: May 2021

Analyzing the farmer’s behavior and the water-saving incentive mechanism is of great significance to the implementation of the explicit subsidy policy of agricultural water prices. This paper introduces the concept of loss aversion from behavioral economics and conducts a theoretical analysis of the incentive mechanism of agricultural water prices to verify the hypotheses by using survey data from the three inland river basins in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China. The results show that when farmers believe that their water-saving potential is relatively large, the loss aversion of farmers has a significantly positive impact on water-saving incentives under an explicit agricultural water price subsidy. In addition, irrigation canal evaluation and regional differences have negative and positive influences, respectively. Based on this, suggestions are made to actively promote the implementation of explicit subsidy of agricultural water prices in order to save irrigation water.
Asymmetry of Authority or Information Underlying Insufficient Communication Associated with a Risk of Crashes or Incidents in Passenger Railway Transportation
Authors: Murata Atsuo , Karwowski Waldemar
Published: May 2021

Similar crashes or incidents may recur as a result of insufficient communication in uncertain and risky situations that potentially threaten safety. The common root causes of insufficient communication across a series of incidents and crashes must be explored in detail to prevent a vicious circle of similar incidents or crashes from occurring. This study summarizes a series of incidents and crashes (derailment due to excessive train speed) at JR West at the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) that are considered to have arisen from insufficient communication. The incidents included (i) resuming train service without confirming the number of passengers on board and leaving passengers behind the station at Higashi-Hiroshima station, (ii) continuing train service in spite of an apparent risk of a crash detected at Okayama station, and (iii) leaving the crack of the train hood as it was at Kokura station. We discuss the causes of insufficient communication (particularly in relation to the sharing of information) among the three branches of staff—the station staff, the conductor and train driver, and the train operation management center—that led to the incidents or crashes. Two factors contributed to the insufficient communication in the series of incidents and crashes: (a) Asymmetry of authority, which hinders the discussion of issues openly and equally among the branches concerned. (b) An unacceptable level of knowledge or information for all branches concerned.
Machine Learning-Based Pulse Wave Analysis for Early Detection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using In Silico Pulse Waves
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Jin Weiwei , Liang Fuyou , Alastruey Jordi
Published: May 2021

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is usually asymptomatic until rupture, which is associated with extremely high mortality. Consequently, the early detection of AAAs is of paramount importance in reducing mortality; however, most AAAs are detected by medical imaging only incidentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of machine learning-based pulse wave (PW) analysis for the early detection of AAAs using a database of in silico PWs. PWs in the large systemic arteries were simulated using one-dimensional blood flow modelling. A database of in silico PWs representative of subjects (aged 55, 65 and 75 years) with different AAA sizes was created by varying the AAA-related parameters with major impacts on PWs—identified by parameter sensitivity analysis—in an existing database of in silico PWs representative of subjects without AAAs. Then, a machine learning architecture for AAA detection was trained and tested using the new in silico PW database. The parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that the AAA maximum diameter and stiffness of the large systemic arteries were the dominant AAA-related biophysical properties considerably influencing the PWs. However, AAA detection by PW indexes was compromised by other non-AAA related cardiovascular parameters. The proposed machine learning model produced a sensitivity of 86.8 % and a specificity of 86.3 % in early detection of AAA from the photoplethysmogram PW signal measured in the digital artery with added random noise. The number of false positive and negative results increased with increasing age and decreasing AAA size, respectively. These findings suggest that machine learning-based PW analysis is a promising approach for AAA screening using PW signals acquired by wearable devices.
A New Descriptor for Smile Classification Based on Cascade Classifier in Unconstrained Scenarios
Authors: Hassen Oday A. , Abu Nur Azman , Abidin Zaheera Zainal , Darwish Saad M.
Published: May 2021

In the development of human–machine interfaces, facial expression analysis has attracted considerable attention, as it provides a natural and efficient way of communication. Congruence between facial and behavioral inference in face processing is considered a serious challenge that needs to be solved in the near future. Automatic facial expression is a difficult classification issue because of the high interclass variability caused by the significant interdependence of the environmental conditions on the face appearance caused by head pose, scale, and illumination occlusions from their variances. In this paper, an adaptive model for smile classification is suggested that integrates a row-transform-based feature extraction algorithm and a cascade classifier to increase the precision of facial recognition. We suggest a histogram-based cascade smile classification method utilizing different facial features. The candidate feature set was designed based on the first-order histogram probability, and a cascade classifier with a variety of parameters was used at the classification stage. Row transformation is used to exclude any unnecessary coefficients in a vector, thereby enhancing the discriminatory capacity of the extracted features and reducing the sophistication of the calculations. Cascading gives the opportunity to train an extremely precise classification by taking a weighted average of poor learners’ decisions. Through accumulating positive and negative images of a single object, this algorithm can build a complete classifier capable of classifying different smiles in a limited amount of time (near real time) and with a high level of precision (92.2–98.8%) as opposed to other algorithms by large margins (5% compared with traditional neural network and 2% compared with Deep Neural Network based methods).
Otolith Fingerprints and Tissue Stable Isotope Information Enable Allocation of Juvenile Fishes to Different Nursery Areas
Authors: Vrdoljak Dario , Matić-Skoko Sanja , Peharda Melita , Uvanović Hana , Markulin Krešimir , Mertz-Kraus Regina , Grønkjær Peter
Published: May 2021

Integrated otolith chemistry and muscle tissue stable isotope analyses were performed to allocate juvenile Diplodus puntazzo and Diplodus vulgaris to nurseries in the Adriatic Sea. Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to quantify the concentrations of chemical elements in the otoliths. Fish muscle samples were analysed for δ13C and δ15N. In general, Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and isotopes varied between sites and species. Values of δ13C and δ15N were significantly different between species and sites. Multivariate analysis detected a significant difference in the element signature between species while there was no evidence for a significant interaction for sites. A clear pattern across the four groups of interest, D. puntazzo_Estuary > D. vulgaris_Estuary > D. puntazzo_Coastal > D. vulgaris_Coastal, following decreases in δ13C, and increases in δ15N were found. It seems that these species are feeding on the same local food web within more productive estuarine site while at costal site, feeding segregation among investigated species is evident. Both species were re-allocated correctly to the estuarine waters based on the otolith chemistry and stable isotopes information and higher value of δ15N. Combining otolith chemistry with tissue isotope ratios of juvenile fish provided complementary information on nursery habitat use at different spatial scales and elucidated ecological and environmental linkages.
From Policy Promises to Result through Innovation in African Agriculture?
Authors: Haug Ruth , Nchimbi-Msolla Susan , Murage Alice , Moeletsi Mokhele , Magalasi Mufunanji , Mutimura Mupenzi , Hundessa Feyisa , Cacchiarelli Luca , Westengen Ola T.
Published: May 2021

The problem addressed in this paper is the challenge of moving from formulating policy goals to achieving the promised results. The purpose is to assess the possible role of innovation in agriculture as a way of contributing towards achieving the Malabo Declaration commitments and the zero hunger Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2) in six African countries. Since the SDGs are high on both international and many national agendas, there is a need to increase our knowledge of how to move beyond formulating goals. The approach includes both quantitative and qualitative data from a multisite research and development project. Moving from promises in relation to policy goals such as SDG2 and the Malabo Declaration to actions that make a difference at local level is a challenging task, and COVID-19 has added negatively to that challenge. Technological and institutional innovations exist that have the potential to improve the agricultural productivity, food security, and income levels of smallholder men and women farmers. However, innovation processes are hindered by barriers related to governmental, economic, knowledge-based, socio-cultural, and resource-based factors. To overcome these barriers, governance needs to go further than defining goals, and proceed to the next step of establishing effective implementation mechanisms that ensure the promised result.
Remuneration of technical service personnel: brief analysis of foreign experience
Authors: Kovalev I. , Kovalev L.
Published: May 2021

A number of aspects in the relations and calculations of foreign dealers of machinery and equipment used in agriculture with agricultural producers who purchase this equipment are considered. A comparative analysis of the level of hourly payments of production and service workers in certain countries of the world is given.
NARRATIVAS DEL COLECTIVO LA COMADRE SOBRE LA ESTRATEGIA DE GENERACIÓN DE INGRESOS EN EL DISTRITO DE CARTAGENA
Authors: Álvarez-Hernández Ana Milena , Pérez-Castro Ginna Paola , Villareal-Gómez Damarys , Villarreal-Gómez Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta algunos resultados y reflexiones de la investigación “Percepciones del Colectivo “La Comadre” en torno a la estrategia de generación de ingresos de la política pública de víctimas del desplazamiento en la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias”, cuyo objetivo principal fue analizar las percepciones construidas por las mujeres Afrocolombianas del colectivo “La Comadre” en torno a la estrategia de generación de ingresos de la Política Pública de Víctimas de Desplazamiento Forzado implementada en el Distrito de Cartagena de Indias, para la identificación de los desafíos actuales sobre la articulación entre las políticas públicas, organizaciones sociales y la gobernanza en el territorio.De esta forma, el proceso de investigación se trabajó desde un enfoque cualitativo y un paradigma hermenéutico y fenomenológico que permitió realizar un acercamiento y análisis a las percepciones construidas por el colectivo y a su vez, se identificó desde las narrativas de las mujeres y las voces de los funcionarios públicos y académicos las apuestas para el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas en relación a la generación de ingresos para las mujeres afrocolombianas.En este sentido, conocer las perspectivas de las mujeres, de los funcionarios públicos y los académicos permitió evidenciar la inconformidad con relación a las acciones encaminadas a la generación de ingresos para las mujeres afrocolombianas desplazadas; así mismo, desde sus narrativas, se afirma que existen grandes desafíos para el Distrito de Cartagena relacionados con avances significativos en términos de implementación y cumplimiento de políticas públicas orientadas a la generación de ingresos.
Entre Cinema e Antropologia: parentesco e animismo em “Midsommar”, de Ari Aster
Authors: Siqueira Machado Rafael , Luchi Coutinho Bove Adrielle
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo se objetiva em aproximar o cinema da antropologia através do filme Midsommar (2019) de Ari Aster na forma de uma afinidade eletiva, para citar o termo weberiano. A defesa feita aqui é a possibilidade de tratar Midsommar como um material capaz de incitar e retomar diversas problematizações antropológicas acerca do parentesco e animismo na forma de um filme. Reconhece-se aqui que tal proximidade é virtual e constituída a partir da presente reflexão ao tratar o filme como material etnográfico passível de análise, ainda que a referência à antropologia se dê em alguns momentos por intermédio de dois personagens identificados como antropólogos. Ao apresentar a reflexão sobre o parentesco, as questões aqui tangenciadas remetem-se aos temas do parentesco americano, construção e comparação das noções de incesto e a ideia de mutualidade do ser como elemento central no filme.  Já sobre o animismo, este é apresentado tanto como elemento intrinsecamente ligado à questão do parentesco e como um posicionamento ético com implicações comportamentais fundadas em princípios e noções com implicações ontológicas.
Qual o sentido da escola? Reflexões bourdieusianas a partir de uma pesquisa sobre jovens bolsistas no Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Barboza Machado Pedro Henrique , Zarucki Sara
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo apresentaremos uma pesquisa realizada com seis jovens de camadas populares que, através de bolsas de estudos, cursaram a etapa do ensino médio em duas escolas privadas no bairro da Tijuca, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tal estudo valeu-se de importantes reflexões bourdieusianas, como as discussões feitas sobre os conceitos de “excluídos do interior”, “capital cultural” e “capital social”.  Para cumprir tal proposta, o escrito apresenta a pesquisa em linhas gerais e localiza-a dentro de fenômenos sociais mais amplos pelos quais a sociedade brasileira atravessa. A partir disto, importantes achados da pesquisa são destacados, como o valor conferido à experiência escolar e as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos jovens para obterem êxito em suas trajetórias.  Por fim, o presente trabalho apontará caminhos para pensarmos as potencialidades e outros custos subjetivos embutidos na experiência dos bolsistas, na tentativa de conduzirem suas trajetórias educacionais frente às possibilidades de pertencimento a um grupo social.
PATIENTS’ PERSPECTIVES AND EXPERIENCES OF PATIENT-CENTERED CARE IN SOME COMMUNES OF THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Ngo Thi Mong Tuyen , Le Ho Thi Quynh Anh , Pham Thi Tram , Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: May 2021

Patient-centered care is widely acknowledged as an important goal in healthcare delivery. Research has demonstrated that patient perceptions of patient-centred care can be linked to clinical and long-term outcomes in addition to being a useful metric for quality improvement efforts.

Objectives: 1) To identify patients’ perspectives and experiences of patient-centerd care in some communes in Thua Thien Hue province; 2) To determine the association between the patients’ perspectives, experiences on patient-centered care and utilization of the health services.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in 313 patients living in Thua Thien Hue province. A structured questionnaire was use to investigate 4 main domains of patient-centered care: Information and Education, Relationships with doctors and other health professionals, making decisions, motivate patients about self-management. We used test ANOVA to analyze the association between patient-centered care and health care utilization among participants (p < 0.05).

Results: The percentage of good patient-centered care (≥ 3.75 points) was 43.1% (Mean = 3.58 (0.57)). Patients using health services at the commune health centers had a higher experience in patient-centered care compared to district, province and central hospitals (p < 0.005). Domains “Encourage patients to take care of themselves” and “Relationship factor with doctors” were evaluated low. There were statistically significant associations between patient-centered care and primary health care facilities, quality of life utilization of periodic health checkup, and patient activation in health care (p <0.05).

Conclusion: Out study illustrates that patients’ perspectives and experiences of patient-centered care are still low. There is a need to improve communication and counseling skills of health care providers and increase patient motivation for self-care

Key words: patient-centered care, primary care, health care utilization
ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM HIPPEASTRUM RETICULATUM (L’HÉR.) HERB. AND THEIR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES
Authors: Hoang Xuan Huyen Trang , Ho Viet Duc , Nguyen Thi Hoai
Published: May 2021

Background: Hippeastrum reticulatum (L.Hér.) Herb is a species of the Hippeastrum Herb. genus. Screening studies have shown that this species has the ability to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. So far, research on this species is still very limited. The purpose of this study is to provide some more informations about the chemical composition and bioactive of isolated compounds from this species. Materials and method: Bulbs of Hippeastrum reticulatum was collected in Thua Thien Hue province in May 2018. The compounds were isolated by using various chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods in reference to the literature. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was determined by Ellman’s microplate colorimetric method. Results and conclusions: Two alkaloids including N-methyltiramine (1), narciclasine-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2) was isolated from bulbs of Hippeastrum reticulatum (L’Hér.) Herb. These compounds were isolated from Hippeastrum Herb. genus for the first time. Compound 2 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 70.06 ± 1.46 µg/mL.

Key words: Hippeastrum reticulatum (L’Hér.) Herb., alkaloid, N-methyltiramine, narciclasine-4-O-β-Dxylopyranoside.
A New Method for Building-Level Population Estimation by Integrating LiDAR, Nighttime Light, and POI Data
Authors: Chen Hongxing , Wu Bin , Yu Bailang , Chen Zuoqi , Wu Qiusheng , Lian Ting , Wang Congxiao , Li Qiaoxuan , Wu Jianping
Published: May 2021

Building-level population data are of vital importance in disaster management, homeland security, and public health. Remotely sensed data, especially LiDAR data, which allow measures of three-dimensional morphological information, have been shown to be useful for fine-scale population estimations. However, studies using LiDAR data for population estimation have noted a nonstationary relationship between LiDAR-derived morphological indicators and populations due to the unbalanced characteristic of population distribution. In this article, we proposed a framework to estimate population at the building level by integrating POI data, nighttime light (NTL) data, and LiDAR data. Building objects were first derived using LiDAR data and aerial photographs. Then, three categories of building-level features, including geometric features, nighttime light intensity features, and POI features, were, respectively, extracted from LiDAR data, Luojia1-01 NTL data, and POI data. Finally, a well-trained random forest model was built to estimate the population of each individual building. Huangpu District in Shanghai, China, was chosen to validate the proposed method. A comparison between the estimation result and reference data shows that the proposed method achieved a good accuracy with

R

2

=
0.65

at the building level and

R

2

=
0.79

at the community level. The NTL radiance intensity was found to have a positive relationship with population in residential areas, while a negative relationship was found in office and commercial areas. Our study has shown that by integrating both the three-dimensional morphological information derived from LiDAR data and the human activity information extracted from POI and NTL data, the accuracy of building-level population estimation can be improved.
“AÇIK KEYFİLİK” VE “BARİZ TAKDİR HATASI” NEDENİYLE ADİL YARGILANMA HAKKININ İHLALİ MESELESİ
Authors: KÖKÜSARI İsmail
Published: May 2021

Bu makalede, öncelikle Anayasa Mahkemesi ve AİHM kararlarında kullanılan “açık keyfilik ve bariz takdir hatası” kavramlarının ne olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca, mahkemelerin bu sebebe dayanarak “adil yargılanma hakkının kabul edilebilirliğine veya ihlaline karar vermesinin” doğru olup olmadığı da analiz edilmiştir. AYM ve AİHM aynı usulü takip etmese de, çalışmamızda “açık keyfilik ile bariz takdir hatası” kriteri, hem adil yargılanma hakkının usulî yönü hem de maddi yönü açısından ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, AYM ve AİHM kararlarını da göz önünde tutarak, yerel ve ulusal mahkemelerin olağan takdir yetkisi ile olağan olmayan ve bariz takdir hatası veya açık keyfilik taşıyan kararlarını birbirinden ayrıştırmaya yarayan unsurlar incelenmiştir. Özellikle AYM’nin, bu kriteri hem usulî hem de maddi açıdan belirsizlik ve istikrarsızlığa yol açacak şekilde kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilişkin bulgular kapsamında bazı öneriler de sunulmuştur.
İDARİ USULDE RESEN ARAŞTIRMA İLKESİ VE SUÇSUZLUK KARİNESİ: TÜRKİYE İNSAN HAKLARI VE EŞİTLİK KURUMUNUN AYRIMCILIK YASAĞININ İHLALİ İNCELEMESİNDE İSPAT YÜKÜ ÖZELİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: UÇAR İsmail , TÜRE Gökhan
Published: May 2021

Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu Kanunu’nun “İspat yükü” başlıklı 21’inci maddesine göre; “Münhasıran ayrımcılık yasağının ihlali dolayısıyla Kuruma yapılan başvurularda, başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde, karşı tarafın ayrımcılık yasağını ve eşit muamele ilkesini ihlal etmediğini ispat etmesi gerekir.” Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu idari faaliyet yürüttüğünden, söz konusu hükmün idari usul ilke ve kurallarına göre yorumlanması gerekir. Öncelikle emare, karine, ispat yükü gibi özel hukuka ait kavramların, idari usulde farklı bir kimliğe bürünmesi mümkündür. İdari usulde resen araştırma ilkesi geçerli olduğundan, ilgililerin ispat yükünden söz edilmez. İdare maddi gerçeğe ulaşmak için gerekli inceleme ve araştırmaları kendiliğinden yapar.

İdari yaptırımlarda suçsuzluk karinesi geçerlidir. İdari suçlar bakımından da ceza hukukunda olduğu gibi, bir kimsenin en azından suçluluğundan emin olunmadan cezalandırılmaması gerekmektedir. Suçsuzluk karinesine birtakım istisnaların getirilmesi mümkün olsa da başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde ispat yükünün tümüyle karşı tarafa geçtiğini ve idarenin resen araştırma yükümlülüğünün sona erdiğini söylemek mümkün değildir. Zira ispat yükünün paylaştırılması ve ayrımcılığın ispatının kolaylaştırılması için suçsuzluk karinesine getirilen bu istisnanın katı bir şekilde uygulanması suçsuzluk karinesini tümüyle ortadan kaldıracak ve anlamsız hale getirecektir. Bu sebeple başvuranın iddiasının gerçekliğine ilişkin kuvvetli emarelerin ve karine oluşturan olguların varlığını ortaya koyması hâlinde ispat yükünün tümüyle karşı tarafa geçtiğinden değil; idarenin ispat yükünün hafiflediğinden bahsetmek gerekir.
TÜRK BORÇLAR KANUNU M. 202 KAPSAMINDA TİCARİ İŞLETMENİN PASİFLERİNİN DEVRİNDE MÜTESELSİL SORUMLULUK DÜZENLEMESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ İLE KEFİL VE KEFALETİN DURUMU
Authors: ÖZŞAHİN Ahmet Baybars
Published: May 2021

Ticari işletmenin TTK m. 11/3 kapsamında devrolunması durumunda ticari işletmeye dair pasiflerin akıbeti TBK m. 202 hükümlerince düzenlenmektedir. TBK m. 202’de ticari işletmenin devri açısından borcun devri zamanı, müteselsil sorumluluk ve borcun üstlenilmesine yönelik düzenlemelere yer verilmektedir. Bu kapsamda ticari işletmenin devri durumunda borçların devralana geçmesine yönelik borcun üstlenilmesi hükümleri devreye girmektedir. Ancak borcun üstlenilmesine yönelik TBK m. 198/2’de kefilin yazılı rızası ile sorumluluğunun devam edeceğinden bahsedilmektedir. TBK m. 202’de borcun üstlenmesi atfına karşın doktrinde müteselsil sorumluluk sürecinde önceki borçlara kefil olanın yazılı rızası olmaksızın sorumluluğunun devam edeceği kabul edilmektedir. Halbuki, müteselsil sorumluluk ve ticari işletmeyi devredenin sorumluluğunun devam etmesinden dolayı burada borca katılmadan bahsedilmesi isabetli olacaktır.
Diskursus Hukum Kodrat dan Problem Pascamodernitas
Authors: Valerian Hizkia Fredo
Published: May 2021

Abstrak

Tulisan ini membahas persoalan diskursus Hukum Kodrat dalam dinamika konteks Pascamodernitas. Hal ini merupakan satu pokok penting baik secara filosofis maupun praktis, ketika kita berkaca dari polemik dan perdebatan yang selalu terjadi di seputar dasar legitimasi hukum dan makna kebenaran. Di sinilah gagasan tentang hukum kodrat masih menjadi hal yang penting untuk memotret ketegangan antara sikap anti-hukum dan pluralitas makna. Dengan menilik kembali problem yang khas dari konteks pascamodern sebagai latar, pembicaraan tentang hukum kodrat tidak bisa dibatasi hanya pada aspek formal-legal. Melainkan melangkah lebih jauh untuk membangun sikap terbuka pada berbagai diskursus dan usaha-usaha reinterpretasi yang beragam tentang makna kebenaran dan keadilan.

Kata-kata Kunci: Pascamodernitas, Hukum Kodrat, Diskursus, Makna.

Abstract

This article discussing on the problem of Natural Law discourse in the dynamic context of Posmodernity. There is a important matter, both philosophically and practically, when we look at the polemic and the dispute around the legitimacy foundation of law and the meaning of truth. In there, the thought about natural law still be an important issue to picturing the tention between the antinomian attitude and the plurality of meaning. By looking at the typical problem of postmodern context, the discourse about natural law can not be restricted just on the formal-legal aspect. But, step over, fartherly to build the open attitude to the discourses and the plural reinterpretation efforts on the meaning of truth and justice.
Polemik Antara Original Event dan Original Purpose dalam Liturgi: Spiritualitas Liturgi Ekaristi dalam Perspektif Sejarah Liturgi dan Kitab Suci
Authors: Manik Robert Pius
Published: May 2021

Abstract

This article discusses the basic character of the Roman liturgy and examines what the original Roman liturgical rite is that can serve as a standard for the Roman liturgical rites. Discussion about the authenticity of the Roman rites often lead to endless debate and create difficulties in practical matters when some of the rites are applied to liturgical celebrations. The analysis of the authenticity of the Roman rite in this paper will be based on the views of Edmund Bishop, an English liturgical historian. Besides using a historical approach, this article will also use a biblical study approach in exploring the basic characteristics of the Catholic liturgy, especially the Eucharist, so that a celebration of the Eucharistic liturgy can be said to be good. The views of several exegetes such as Brevard S. Childs (Old Testament) and Joachim Jeremias and Xavier Leon-Dufour (New Testament) will be used to analyze the biblical texts, especially regarding the story of the celebration of the Jewish Passover, Exodus and the story of the Last Supper in connection with the Eucharist. And, of course the opinions of contemporary liturgical historians such as Paul F. Bradshaw and John Maxwell are also very important here in order to discover the relevance of this study today.

Key Words:

Original, Eucharist, Exodus, Liturgy, Passover, Covenant, Rite, Brevard S. Childs
GOING CONCERN PERSPEKTIF PELAKU USAHA MIKRO: UPAYA MENGUNGKAP SELUBUNG MAKNA MELALUI FENOMENOLOGI
Authors: Wahyuni Idra , Rayyani Wa Ode , Adil Muhammad , Andayaningsih Sri
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari fenomena para pelaku usaha mikro yang terus bertahan setiap harinya menjalani masa-masa sulit dalam usahanya, namun terus dapat menjalankan usahanya. Meskipun usaha yang dijalankan “terlihat” memberikan keuntungan yang kecil, namun usaha tersebut terus ada [baca: eksis], bahkan mampu melewati setiap masa sulit yang ditemuinya, sementara beberapa usaha besar cukup terpukul ketika melewati ketidakpastian ekonomi. Kami kemudian tertarik untuk mengetahui apa makna going concern yang dipahami oleh para pelaku usaha mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mengenai makna going concern dari sudut pandang pelaku usaha mikro yang terdampak Covid-19 di Sungguminasa, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan Fenomenologi Transcendental Husserl. Informan sebanyak tiga orang dengan latar belakang usaha menjual kue tradisional (jalangkote dan donat), penjual mainan anak dan usaha oleh-oleh khas Makassar “kacang krispi”. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa informan memahami kelangsungan usaha (going concern) sebagai suatu konsep dimana bisnisnya akan terus berlanjut baik di masa normal maupun sulit salah satunya dengan cara mengelola keuangan usaha dengan baik. Makna lain yang terungkap bahwa going concern bukan hanya sekedar bagaimana sebuah usaha dapat terus terjaga kestabilan asetnya, namun juga bagaimana menjaga semangat dan sikap optimis terus ada dan menjadi ruh dalam menjalani usaha. Memasrahkan hasilnya pada Tuhan juga menjadi salah satu kiat bertahan dan menjaga kewarasan di tengah kondisi sulit akibat pandemi. Temuan penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil analisis dan bracketing bahwa semangat, optimistis dan kepasrahan pada Tuhan merupakan bagian dari prinsip going concern perspektif pelaku usaha mikro.