bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Effective Mass of Majorana Neutrino with Sterile Neutrino Mass for Inverted Ordering Spectrum
Authors: Singh Jaydip
Published: May 2019

Inspired by the experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and recent oscillation data from short baseline and another neutrino experiment, the realization of one extra neutrino flavor seems to be favoring. This extra flavor may change the observable, |mββ|, of current data taking and next-generation (ββ)0ν-decay experiments aim to probe and possibly look at the Inverted Ordering region (|mββ|≃10-2eV) of parameter space. This observation would allow establishing physics beyond the standard model and phenomena like lepton number violation and Majorana nature of neutrino. The range of this observable (|mββ|) is not very well defined for both the ordering of mass spectrum (Normal Ordering and Inverted Ordering). Several attempts have been made for defining exactly the range for three active neutrino states. For contrasting this range, I have worked with an extra mass state, ν4, and its effect on the observable with various combinations of CP violation Majorana phases by taking into account the updated data on the neutrino oscillation parameters for IO case. Based on the Monte Carlo technique, a parameter region is obtained using the fourth Majorana-Dirac phase of sterile parameters that lead to an effective mass below 0.01 eV or .05 eV for inverted mass ordering case which is planned to be observed in the near future experiment.
Vertical and Horizontal M-Charts and Microperimetry for Assessment of the Visual Function in Patients after Vitrectomy with ILM Peeling due to Stage 4 Macular Hole
Authors: Wrzesińska Dominika , Nowomiejska Katarzyna , Nowakowska Dominika , Brzozowska Agnieszka , Avitabile Teresio , Reibaldi Michele , Rejdak Robert , Toro Mario
Published: May 2019

Purpose. To examine the relationship between the morphological and functional results in eyes after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling due to stage 4 full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Methods. The study included 22 eyes that underwent successful PPV due to FTMH. Both vertical metamorphopsia (VM) and horizontal metamorphopsia (HM) were determined using type 2 M-charts, as well as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before PPV and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Results. A significant improvement of BCVA and metamorphopsia scores measured by M-charts in particular periods before surgery, 1 and 6 months after PPV, was observed. The VM scores were consistently higher than the HM scores at all assessment times. There was a correlation found between VM and BCVA and microperimetry parameters before surgery. The macular sensitivity (MS) as well as macular integrity index increased from 1 month to 6 months after PPV and were correlated with postoperative visual acuity (VA). There was a correlation found between the hole diameter and MS and P2 parameter 6 months after PPV. There was a correlation found between mean duration of symptoms of FTMH and VA and VM score. Conclusions. VM scores seem to correlate better than HM scores with preoperative BCVA, microperimetry parameters, and duration of symptoms of the FTMH. VM scores are higher after PPV than HM scores in patients with stage 4 of the FTMH. This trial is registered with NCT03701542.
Conformational Distortions of the Red Blood Cell Spectrin Matrix Nanostructure in Response to Temperature Changes In Vitro
Authors: Kozlova Elena , Chernysh Aleksandr , Sergunova Viktoria , Manchenko Ekaterina , Moroz Viktor , Kozlov Aleksandr
Published: May 2019

The spectrin matrix is a structural element of red blood cells (RBCs). As such, it affects RBC morphology, membrane deformability, nanostructure, stiffness, and, ultimately, the rheological properties of blood. However, little is known about how temperature affects the spectrin matrix. In this study, the nanostructure of the spectrin network was recorded by atomic force microscopy. We describe how the nanostructure of the RBC spectrin matrix changes from a regular network to a chaotic pattern following an increase in temperature from 20 to 50°C. At 20–37°С, the spectrin network formed a regular structure with dimensions of typically 150±60 nm. At 42–43°С, 83% of the spectrin network assumed an irregular structure. Finally, at 49–50°С the chaotic pattern was observed, and no quantitative estimates of the spectrin structure’s parameters could be made. These results can be useful for biophysical studies on the destruction of the spectrin network under pathological conditions, as well as for investigating cell morphology and blood rheology in different diseases.
Predictive Risk Factors of Intestinal Necrosis in Patients with Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Retrospective Study from a Single Center
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhao Rui , Xia Lin , Cui Ya-Ping , Zhou Yong , Wu Xiao-Ting
Published: May 2019

Purposes. Mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) is a serious condition. The current study aimed to identify risk factors of intestinal necrosis (IN) in patients with MVT to predict the onset of patients. Methods. Data pertaining to patients diagnosed with MVT between 2014 and May 2018 were reviewed. Patients’ characteristics and risk factors of IN were assessed. Results. Seventy-eight patients were included in our study, of whom all cases were diagnosed as superior mesenteric venous thrombosis. There were fifty-eight cases (74%) with intestinal necrosis and twenty cases (26%) without intestinal necrosis. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with IN was organ failure (odds ratio (OR): 4.1; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.26–8.59; P=0.028), elevated serum lactate (OR:3.6; 95% CI: 1.51–5.47; P=0.024), bowel loop dilation on computerized tomography (CT) scan (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.32–7.23; P=0.031), and the time between onset of symptoms and operation (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.36–9.89; P=0.012). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the diagnosis of IN with MVT was 0.901 (95%CI: 0.809–0.993; P=0.000) depending on the different number of predictive factors. Conclusion. Predictive risk factors for IN with MVT were organ failure, elevated serum lactate level, bowel loop dilation on CT, and the time between onset of symptoms and operation. However, this result is from a retrospective study and further long-term, large-sample prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
Drugs That Modify Cholesterol Metabolism Alter the p38/JNK-Mediated Targeted and Nontargeted Response to Alpha and Auger Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Ladjohounlou Riad , Lozza Catherine , Pichard Alexandre , Constanzo Julie , Karam Jihad , Le Fur Pierre , Deshayes Emmanuel , Boudousq Vincent , Paillas Salomé , Busson Muriel , Le Blay Marion , Jarlier Marta , Marcatili Sara , Bardiès Manuel , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Torgue Julien , Navarro-Teulon Isabelle , Pouget Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

For the development of new anticancer therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, including alpha particle emitters, it is important to determine the contribution of targeted effects in irradiated cells, and also of nontargeted effects in nonirradiated neighboring cells, because they may affect the therapeutic efficacy and contribute to side effects.

Experimental Design:

Here, we investigated the contribution of nontargeted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo (in xenografted mice) during alpha (212Pb/212Bi, 213Bi) and Auger (125I) radioimmunotherapy (RIT).

Results:

Between 67% and 94% (alpha RIT) and 8% and 15% (Auger RIT) of cancer cells were killed by targeted effects, whereas 7% to 36% (alpha RIT) and 27% to 29% (Auger RIT) of cells were killed by nontargeted effects. We then demonstrated that the nontargeted cell response to alpha and Auger RIT was partly driven by lipid raft–mediated activation of p38 kinase and JNK. Reactive oxygen species also played a significant role in these nontargeted effects, as demonstrated by NF-κB activation and the inhibitory effects of antioxidant enzymes and radical scavengers. Compared with RIT alone, the use of RIT with ASMase inhibitor (imipramine) or with a lipid raft disruptor (e.g., methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or filipin) led to an increase in clonogenic cell survival in vitro and to larger tumors and less tissue DNA damage in vivo. These results were supported by an inhibitory effect of pravastatin on Auger RIT.

Conclusions:

Cell membrane–mediated nontargeted effects play a significant role during Auger and alpha RIT, and drugs that modulate cholesterol level, such as statins, could interfere with RIT efficacy.
The Immune Microenvironment in Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Before and After Preoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Waks Adrienne G. , Stover Daniel G. , Guerriero Jennifer L. , Dillon Deborah , Barry William T. , Gjini Evisa , Hartl Christina , Lo Wesley , Savoie Jennifer , Brock Jane , Wesolowski Robert , Li Zaibo , Damicis Adrienne , Philips Anne V. , Wu Yun , Yang Fei , Sullivan Amy , Danaher Patrick , Brauer Heather Ann , Osmani Wafa , Lipschitz Mikel , Hoadley Katherine A. , Goldberg Michael , Perou Charles M. , Rodig Scott , Winer Eric P. , Krop Ian E. , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Tolaney Sara M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

Hormone receptor–positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer is associated with low levels of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) and PD-L1, and demonstrates poor responses to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Evaluating the effect of standard chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment may suggest new opportunities for immunotherapy-based approaches to treating HR+/HER2− breast tumors.

Experimental Design:

HR+/HER2− breast tumors were analyzed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. sTIL were assessed histologically; CD8+ cells, CD68+ cells, and PD-L1 staining were assessed immunohistochemically; whole transcriptome sequencing and panel RNA expression analysis (NanoString) were performed.

Results:

Ninety-six patients were analyzed from two cohorts (n = 55, Dana-Farber cohort; n = 41, MD Anderson cohort). sTIL, CD8, and PD-L1 on tumor cells were higher in tumors with basal PAM50 intrinsic subtype. Higher levels of tissue-based lymphocyte (sTIL, CD8, PD-L1) and macrophage (CD68) markers, as well as gene expression markers of lymphocyte or macrophage phenotypes (NanoString or CIBERSORT), correlated with favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but not with improved distant metastasis-free survival in these cohorts or a large gene expression dataset (N = 302). In paired pre-/postchemotherapy samples, sTIL and CD8+ cells were significantly decreased after treatment, whereas expression analyses (NanoString) demonstrated significant increase of multiple myeloid signatures. Single gene expression implicated increased expression of immunosuppressive (M2-like) macrophage-specific genes after chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

The immune microenvironment of HR+/HER2− tumors differs according to tumor biology. This cohort of paired pre-/postchemotherapy samples suggests a critical role for immunosuppressive macrophage expansion in residual disease. The role of macrophages in chemoresistance should be explored, and further evaluation of macrophage-targeting therapy is warranted.
Prediction of Distant Recurrence Using EndoPredict Among Women with ER+, HER2− Node-Positive and Node-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Endocrine Therapy Only
Authors: Filipits Martin , Dubsky Peter , Rudas Margaretha , Greil Richard , Balic Marija , Bago-Horvath Zsuzsanna , Singer Christian F. , Hlauschek Dominik , Brown Krystal , Bernhisel Ryan , Kronenwett Ralf , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Fitzal Florian , Gnant Michael
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

Prognostic molecular assays may aid in treatment decisions for women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. The prognostic value of a 12-gene expression assay (EndoPredict) was reevaluated in the combined ABCSG-6/8 cohorts with longer clinical follow-up.

Experimental Design:

EndoPredict (EP; molecular score, EPclin score) was evaluated in women with ER-positive, HER2-negative node-positive and node-negative breast cancer who received 5 years of endocrine therapy only (median follow-up, 9.6 years; N = 1,702). Distant recurrence-free rate (DRFR; 95% confidence interval) was assessed 10 and 15 years after diagnosis.

Results:

Overall, 62.6% of patients had low-risk EPclin scores with significantly improved DRFR relative to high-risk patients (HR, 4.77; 95% CI, 3.37–6.67; P < 0.0001). Ten-year DRFR (0–10 years) was improved among patients with low-risk versus high-risk EPclin scores in the full cohort [95.5% (94.1%–97.0%) vs. 80.3% (76.9%–83.9%)] as well as for patients with node-negative disease [95.5% (94.0%–97.1%) vs. 87.0% (82.6%–91.7%)] or with 1 to 3 positive nodes [95.6% (92.2%–99.1%) vs. 80.9% (75.9%–86.1%)]. The molecular and EPclin scores were significant predictors of DRFR after adjusting for clinical variables, regardless of nodal status. Similar results were observed for late recurrence (5–15 years; HR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.65–7.72; P < 0.0001). The EPclin score significantly added prognostic information to a late metastasis nomogram (CTS5 score; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that EPclin can identify patients at low risk for early or late recurrence who may safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy, respectively, regardless of nodal status.
Effectiveness and Safety of Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction in Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Vieira René Aloisio da Costa , Ribeiro Luciana Machado , Carrara Guilherme Freire Angotti , Abrahão-Machado Lucas Faria , Kerr Ligia Maria , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto
Published: May 2019

Background: Immediate implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is rarely performed in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC). It has not been considered the best indication, and the literature is scarce about this subject. Patients and Methods: A retrospective matched case-control study was performed in patients with LABC submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). Forty-eight patients undergoing immediate IBBR were matched with 96 patients undergoing conventional mastectomy. Patients were matched according to 2 models based on prognostic characteristics prior to NCT and response to NCT. Local recurrence and disease-free survival were compared between the groups. In the IBBR group, local complications were evaluated. Results: In all, 196 patients were evaluated. The mean tumour size of IBBR patients was 5.8 cm. 83.3% (180/196) of the patients had clinical stage III. At a mean follow-up of 74.7 months, the local recurrence rate was 6.2% (3/48), 15.6% (15/96) and 13.7% (13/95) in the IBBR, model 1 and model 2 groups, respectively (p > 0.05). Disease-free survival was higher in the IBBR group than in the model 1 group (mean 88.8 vs. 73.7 months; p = 0.05). In the group submitted to IBBR, 14.6% (7/48) of patients presented loss of prosthesis and 48.8% (20/41) developed capsular contracture. Conclusion: Immediate IBBR may be a safe and effective surgical procedure in selected patients with LABC.
Effect of Creative Dance on Fitness, Functional Balance, and Mobility Control in the Elderly
Authors: Joung Hee Joung , Lee Yongho
Published: May 2019

Background: In the literature on creativity in older adults, creative activities have been found to be an effective way of adapting to age-related psychological and physical changes, providing older adults with opportunities to think differently and be open to new ideas. On the other hand, physical activities play an important role in the prevention of physical decline. Thus, combining physical activity and certain creative activities, such as creative dance (CD), might help facilitate successful aging. Since the National Dance Association has expanded dance into educational and community facilities, CD programs have begun to be developed and widely used for all ages. Objective: We investigated the effects of a CD program on fitness, functional balance, and mobility in the elderly. Methods: Eighty-two community-dwelling older adults were randomly allocated to either a dance group (n = 41, age = 70.5 ± 7.89 years) or a stretching group (n = 41, age = 71.77 ± 7.78 years). Over 8 weeks, these groups participated in CD and stretching training (ST) classes, respectively, which lasted for 90 min and were held 2 days a week. The CD included tasks to explore movement elements (i.e., body, space, time, force), develop their own movement, and transform feelings or inner experiences into movement. The ST included several upper- and lower-body stretching poses. The outcome measures included the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and 10-Meter Walking Test (gait speed). Results: A significant group × time interaction was found for the 30-s stand and 30-s arm curl, and for the BBS, TUG, DGI, and gait speed. Post hoc paired t tests revealed significantly increased scores for the 30-s stand, 30-s arm curl, back stretching, and chair sit and reach tests, and for the TUG, BBS, TUG, DGI, and gait speed in the CD group. The 30-s arm curl and chair sit and reach test scores significantly increased in the ST group. Conclusion: CD and stretching may both benefit fitness and balance for older adults; however, CD may improve dynamic balance and mobility more than stretching. Therefore, CD may be a creative physical activity that contributes to successful aging.
Targeting Acute Kidney Injury: Can an Innovative Approach to Existing and Novel Biomarkers Shift the Paradigm?
Authors: Basu Rajit K.
Published: May 2019

Acute kidney injury (AKI) continues to be an epidemic problem among hospitalized patients. Diagnostic stasis has, in part, contributed to the poor outcomes associated with AKI. Incorporation of newer diagnostic methodology, longitudinal assessment of markers of AKI alone and in combination may improve appreciation of patient risk and the speed of recognition, augment the precision of diagnosis, and target management.
Factors Influencing the Outcomes of Artificial Hip Replacements
Authors: Zhang Xingen , Shi Gang , Sun Xianjie , Zheng Wei , Lin Xueping , Chen Guiqian
Published: May 2019

Hip replacement is one of the most successful surgeries in the clinic for the removal of painful joints. Hip osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis are the 2 main reasons for hip replacement. Several factors are associated with the outcomes of surgery. Nonsurgical factors include gender, age, body mass index, prosthetic material, and risk factors. Surgical factors are anesthesia, postoperative complications, and rehabilitation. Considering the increasing demand for hip arthroplasty and the rise in the number of revision operations, it is imperative to understand factor-related progress and how modifications of these factors promotes recovery following hip replacement. In this review, we first summarize recent findings regarding crucial factors that influence the outcomes of artificial hip replacement surgery. These findings not only show the time-specific effect for the treatment and recovery from hip arthroplasty in the clinic, but also provide suitable choices for different individuals for clinicians to consider. This, in turn, will help to develop the best possible postoperative program for specific patients.
Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Naser Abu Mohd , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne , Doza Solaiman , Gazi Mohammed Shahid , Alam Gazi Raisul , Karim Mohammed Rabiul , Uddin Mohammad Nasir , Khan Golam Kibria , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Shamsudduha Mohammad , Anand Shuchi , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Chang Howard H. , Luby Stephen P. , Gribble Matthew O. , Clasen Thomas F.
Published: May 2019

Background

Sodium (Na
+
) in saline water may increase blood pressure (
BP
), but potassium (K
+
), calcium (Ca
2+
), and magnesium (Mg
2+
) may lower
BP
. We assessed the association between drinking water salinity and population
BP
.

Methods and Results

We pooled 6487
BP
measurements from 2 cohorts in coastal Bangladesh. We used multilevel linear models to estimate
BP
differences across water salinity categories: fresh water (electrical conductivity, <0.7 mS/cm), mild salinity (electrical conductivity ≥0.7 and <2 mS/cm), and moderate salinity (electrical conductivity ≥2 and <10 mS/cm). We assessed whether salinity categories were associated with hypertension using multilevel multinomial logistic models. Models included participant‐, household‐, and community‐level random intercepts. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (
BMI
), physical activity, smoking, household wealth, alcohol consumption, sleep hours, religion, and salt consumption. We evaluated the 24‐hour urinary minerals across salinity categories, and the associations between urinary minerals and
BP
using multilevel linear models. Compared with fresh water drinkers, mild‐salinity water drinkers had lower mean systolic
BP
(−1.55 [95%
CI
: −3.22–0.12] mm Hg) and lower mean diastolic
BP
(−1.26 [95%
CI
: −2.21–−0.32] mm Hg) adjusted models. The adjusted odds ratio among mild‐salinity water drinkers for stage 1 hypertension was 0.60 (95%
CI
: 0.43–0.84) and for stage 2 hypertension was 0.56 (95%
CI
: 0.46–0.89). Mild‐salinity water drinkers had high urinary Ca
2+
, and Mg
2+
, and both urinary Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were associated with lower BP.

Conclusions

Drinking mild‐salinity water was associated with lower
BP
, which can be explained by higher intake of Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
through saline water.
Null Objects in Korean: Experimental Evidence for the Argument Ellipsis Analysis
Authors: Han Chung-hye , Kim Kyeong-min , Moulton Keir , Lidz Jeffrey
Published: May 2019

Null object (NO) constructions in Korean and Japanese have received different accounts: as (a) argument ellipsis ( Oku 1998 , S. Kim 1999 , Saito 2007 , Sakamoto 2015 ), (b) VP-ellipsis after verb raising ( Otani and Whitman 1991 , Funakoshi 2016 ), or (c) instances of base-generated pro ( Park 1997 , Hoji 1998 , 2003 ). We report results from two experiments supporting the argument ellipsis analysis for Korean. Experiment 1 builds on K.-M. Kim and Han’s (2016) finding of interspeaker variation in whether the pronoun ku can be bound by a quantifier. Results showed that a speaker’s acceptance of quantifier-bound ku positively correlates with acceptance of sloppy readings in NO sentences. We argue that an ellipsis account, in which the NO site contains internal structure hosting the pronoun, accounts for this correlation. Experiment 2, testing the recovery of adverbials in NO sentences, showed that only the object (not the adverb) can be recovered in the NO site, excluding the possibility of VP-ellipsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that NOs result from argument ellipsis in Korean.
Adjacency and Case Morphology in Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Ostrove Jason
Published: May 2019

Legate (2008) proposes that the postsyntactic component of the grammar plays an important role in morphological case phenomena. Therefore, it is predicted that postsyntactic processes like Linearization may affect morphological case assignment. I argue that this prediction is correct by demonstrating that prepositional case in Scottish Gaelic is assigned solely under linear adjacency with P. To account for this, I propose that Morphological Case Assignment is a postsyntactic process derivationally ordered after Linearization, as in Arregi and Nevins 2012 . This accounts for several typologically rare properties, such as the presence of closest conjunct case.
Prevalence of tool behaviour is associated with pelage phenotype in intraspecific hybrid long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea × M. f. fascicularis)
Authors: Gumert Michael D. , Tan Amanda Wei Yi , Luncz Lydia V. , Chua Constance Ting , Kulik Lars , Switzer Adam D. , Haslam Michael , Iriki Atsushi , Malaivijitnond Suchinda
Published: May 2019

Stone-hammering behaviour customarily occurs in Burmese long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis aurea, and in some Burmese-common longtail hybrids, M. f. aurea × M. f. fascicularis; however, it is not observed in common longtails. Facial pelage discriminates these subspecies, and hybrids express variable patterns. It was tested if stone hammering related to facial pelage in 48 hybrid longtails, across two phenotypes — hybrid-like () and common-like (). In both phenotypes, tool users showed similar frequency and proficiency of stone hammering; however, common-like phenotypes showed significantly fewer tool users (42%) than hybrid-like phenotypes (76%). 111 Burmese longtails showed the highest prevalence of tool users (88%). Hybrid longtails living together in a shared social and ecological environment showed a significant difference in tool user prevalence based on facial pelage phenotype. This is consistent with inherited factors accounting for the difference, and thus could indicate Burmese longtails carry developmental biases for their tool behaviour.
A Flow within the Flow: Dynamics of 2015 and Post-2015 Migration from the Western Balkans to EU Countries
Authors: Zoppi Marco
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the recent flow of asylum seekers from the Western Balkans to EU countries. It contends that the comparison with statistics of other extra-EU28 asylum seekers and migrants reveals specific features that justify the description of mobility from the Western Balkans as a distinct “flow within the flow”. In fact, such a flow was not rooted in humanitarian issues, but was rather part of the established labor mobility dynamics in the region. In this sense, mobility from the area is not understood as a new trend but in terms of continuity stemming from the economic system interconnecting the EU and its neighborhood, of which the Balkans are a part. The pivotal year for the analysis is identified as 2015, when mass migration flows transited along the “Balkan Route” in their quest to reach the central and northern countries of the continent. The author concludes that, although on a larger scale, the 2015 flows that originated from the Western Balkan countries are the outgrowth of ongoing relations, especially for what concerns labor market dynamics between the two neighboring regions. This article features some data and maps elaborated in the framework of activities for the targeted analysis “MIGRATUP – Territorial and Urban Potentials Connected to Migration and Refugee Flows”, financed by ESPON, which ran from July 2017 to July 2018.
Finnish Pipunculidae (Diptera) studies Part I: Taxonomic notes on Cephalops Fallen, 1810, Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 and Tomosvaryella Aczel, 1939
Authors: KEHLMAIER CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2019

The paper represents the first part of a project dealing with the Finnish Pipunculidae fauna and focuses on certain taxonomic aspects of the genera Cephalops Fallén, 1810, Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 and Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939. Tomosvaryella kalevala Kehlmaier spec. nov. is described as new to science and its male and female terminalia are figured. Lectotypes are designated for Pipunculus ater Meigen, 1824, Pipunculus calceatus Roser, 1840, Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802, Pipunculus chlorionae Frey, 1945, Pipunculus dentipes Meigen, 1838, Pipunculus elegans Egger, 1860, Pipunculus oldenbergi Collin, 1956, Pipunculus spinipes Meigen, 1830, Pipunculus thomsoni Becker, 1897, Pipunculus varipes Meigen, 1824, Pipunculus wolfi Kowarz, 1887 and Pipunculus zugmayeriae Kowarz, 1887. Pipunculus elegans and P. wolfi are resurrected from synonymy (stat. rev.). Pipunculus varipes is transferred to Cephalops (comb. nov.). The following new synonymies are proposed (syn. nov.): Cephalops semifumosus (Kowarz, 1887) = Cephalops varipes (Meigen, 1824), P. spinipes and P. thomsoni = P. campestris, Pipunculus balticus Kuznetzov, 1991 = Pipunculus tenuirostris Kozánek, 1981, Pipunculus phaeton Coe, 1966 and Pipunculus nartshukae Kuznetzov, 1990 = P. omissinervis Becker, 1889, Tomosvaryella magyarica Földvári & De Meyer, 1999 = Tomosvaryella minuscula (Collin, 1956). The European representatives of Pipunculus are characterized, their terminalia partly figured and the taxa keyed out in an dichotomous identification key. Tomosvaryella rossica Kuznetzov, 1993 and Tomosvaryella cilitarsis (Strobl, 1910) are partly figured and, together with T. kalevala Kehlmaier spec. nov., incorporated into the identification key of Földvári & De Meyer (1999).
Brasilomma gen. nov., a new prodidomid genus from Brazil (Araneae, Prodidomidae)
Authors: BRESCOVIT ANTONIO DOMINGOS , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES , SILVA MARCONI SOUZA , RHEIMS CRISTINA ANNE
Published: May 2019

The genus Brasilomma gen. nov. is described to include B. enigmatica sp. nov. collected in three caves from the state ofMinas Gerais, Brazil. This genus can be distinguished from the remaining South American Prodidomidae by the malepalps with large triangular projection, covering the base of the embolus, the distal border of the tegulum projected overthe base of the conductor and median apophysis and by the female epigynum with blind, posterior atrium and anteriorlywidened copulation ducts arising from an internal, mushroom-shaped plate. In addition, aspects of the species natural history are described.
Siraton devillei Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the mysterious weevil from the Isle of Elba: exiled no longer
Authors: OBERPRIELER ROLF G. , CALDARA ROBERTO
Published: May 2019

Siraton devillei Hustache, 1934, described from a single specimen collected on the island of Elba in Italy, is determined to be conspecific with the Australian cycad weevil Melanotranes internatus (Pascoe, 1870). Consequently, Melanotranes Zimmerman, 1994 is a new junior synonym of Siraton Hustache, 1934 and Siraton devillei Hustache, 1934 a new junior subjective synonym of Tranes internatus Pascoe, 1870, and Siraton internatus (Pascoe, 1870) and Siraton roei (Boheman, 1843) are new combinations. A summary of the composition and biology of the Tranes group of weevils is given, and the recorded instances of S. devillei appearing in Europe and the U.S.A. are listed, as well as those of the related cycad-boring Demyrsus meleoides Pascoe in Europe and Africa.
Revision of the loach species Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1865) (Pisces: Balitoridae) from North China, with a description of a new species from Inner Mongolia
Authors: CAO LIANG , CAUSSE ROMAIN , ZHANG E
Published: May 2019

Variation in the currently recognized species, Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1865), from North China was studied, and threedistinct species are identified: B. nuda, B. toni, and B. gibba sp. nov.. The name B. nuda is presently misapplied; this speciesis distinct from B. toni, a species widely distributed in Northeast China, and occurs only in the Liao-He basin of LiaoningProvince and the Tumen-Jiang basin of Jilin Province. The new species, B. gibba, is only found in Dali-Nur Lake in Inner Mongolia. Among Chinese Barbatula species, it is uniquely distinguished by the shape of the predorsal body.
A generic level review of Eupithecia Curtis and some closely related genera based on the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae)
Authors: MIRONOV VLADIMIR G. , GALSWORTHY ANTHONY C.
Published: May 2019

The history of the genus Eupithecia Curtis is reviewed, and a preliminary redescription of the genus is proposed on the basis of the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental fauna. Several Asian species previously placed in Eupithecia  have been found to be anomalous. These are examined and some are placed in related genera, two of them new (Pareupithecia and Girida). A further group (the ‘subrubescens’ group) is retained within Eupithecia as a separate species group. The genus Eva Vojnits is redescribed. A new species is described in the genus Mesoptila Meyrick. Descriptions are given of all genera involved, and full lists of taxa included within them, with the exception of Eupithecia itself. Selected adults and genitalia are illustrated. Taxonomic changes proposed in this paper include: new genera Pareupithecia, Girida; new species  Mesoptila murcida; new synonymies, Emmesocoma Warren, 1907 of Mesoptila Meyrick, 1891 and Horisme sternecki Prout, 1938 of Chloroclystis chingana Wehrli, 1926; new combinations Mesoptila melanolopha Swinhoe, 1895, Mesoptila unitaeniata Warren, 1906, Mesoptila deviridata Warren, 1907, Mesoptila excita Prout, 1958, Mesoptila festiva Prout, 1916, Eupithecia eurytera Prout, 1938, Eupithecia chingana Wehrli, 1926, Pareupithecia spadix Inoue, 1955, Girida rigida Swinhoe, 1892, Girida sporadica Prout, 1932; reinstated taxon Eupithecia brevifasciaria Leech, 1897; and status change  Girida sporadica Prout, 1932.
On the Angola Low Interannual Variability and Its Role in Modulating ENSO Effects in Southern Africa
Authors: Pascale Salvatore , Pohl Benjamin , Kapnick Sarah B. , Zhang Honghai
Published: May 2019

The Angola low is a summertime low pressure system that affects the convergence of low-level moisture fluxes into southern Africa. Interannual variations of the Angola low reduce the seasonal prediction skills for this region that arise from coupled atmosphere–ocean variability. Despite its importance, the interannual dynamics of the Angola low, and its relationship with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other coupled modes of variability, are still poorly understood, mostly because of the scarcity of atmospheric data and short-term duration of atmospheric reanalyses in the region. To bypass this issue, we use a long-term (3500 year) run from a 50-km-resolution global coupled model capable of simulating the summertime southern African large-scale circulation and teleconnections. We find that the meridional displacement and strength of the Angola low are moderately modulated by local sea surface temperature anomalies, especially those in proximity of the southeastern African coast, and to a lesser extent by ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole. Comparison of the coupled run with a 1000-yr run driven by climatological sea surface temperatures reveals that the interannual excursions of the Angola low are in both cases associated with geopotential height anomalies over the southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean related to extratropical atmospheric variability. Midlatitude atmospheric variability explains almost 60% of the variance of the Angola low variability in the uncoupled run, but only 20% in the coupled run. Therefore, while the Angola low appears to be intrinsically controlled by atmospheric extratropical variability, the interference of the atmospheric response forced by sea surface temperature anomalies weakens this influence.
The Nonradiative Effect Dominates Local Surface Temperature Change Caused by Afforestation in China
Authors: Ge Jun , Guo Weidong , Pitman Andrew J. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Chen Xuelong , Fu Congbin
Published: May 2019

China is several decades into large-scale afforestation programs to help address significant ecological and environmental degradation, with further afforestation planned for the future. However, the biophysical impact of afforestation on local surface temperature remains poorly understood, particularly in midlatitude regions where the importance of the radiative effect driven by albedo and the nonradiative effect driven by energy partitioning is uncertain. To examine this issue, we investigated the local impact of afforestation by comparing adjacent forest and open land pixels using satellite observations between 2001 and 2012. We attributed local surface temperature change between adjacent forest and open land to radiative and nonradiative effects over China based on the Intrinsic Biophysical Mechanism (IBM) method. Our results reveal that forest causes warming of 0.23°C (±0.21°C) through the radiative effect and cooling of −0.74°C (±0.50°C) through the nonradiative effect on local surface temperature compared with open land. The nonradiative effect explains about 79% (±16%) of local surface temperature change between adjacent forest and open land. The contribution of the nonradiative effect varies with forest and open land types. The largest cooling is achieved by replacing grasslands or rain-fed croplands with evergreen tree types. Conversely, converting irrigated croplands to deciduous broadleaf forest leads to warming. This provides new guidance on afforestation strategies, including how these should be informed by local conditions to avoid amplifying climate-related warming.
The quality of terrorist violence: Explaining the logic of terrorist target choice
Authors: Polo Sara MT
Published: May 2019

Existing research on terrorism as a strategy has largely neglected the apparent differences in what groups target. Whereas some organizations primarily target undefended civilians, others attack mainly official and hard targets. I develop an explanation of terrorist groups’ relative target preferences based on how a group’s ties to its constituency and specific government repressive strategies either constrain or incentivize terrorist attacks against soft civilian vs. hard/official targets. Specific sources of support and the degree of out-group antagonism in their constituency shape terrorist groups’ primary targeting strategy. While groups with transnational support are generally more likely to target primarily undefended civilians, not all groups with local support are restrained. Groups with low out-group antagonism and local civilian support incur high political costs for targeting civilians and focus primarily on official targets. Instead, groups with domestic support but high out-group antagonism have mixed incentives. When facing indiscriminate government repression these groups become more likely to target primarily undefended civilians, because they can justify such a response to their audience, direct attacks against out-group civilians, and radicalize local constituents. Indiscriminate repression, however, does not change the targeting strategy of groups who face high political costs for attacking civilians. I examine the observable implications of the theory in a comparative analysis of terrorist organizations (1995–2007) as well as an over-time analysis of repression and targeting in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1987–2004), and find strong support for the theoretical argument.
Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes
Authors: Hodge Brad , Wright Brad , Bennett Pauleen
Published: May 2019

Background

The effort–reward imbalance model suggests that, when the efforts required within the workplace are disproportionately large in comparison to the rewards resulting from those efforts, there is an increased risk of stress-related health issues. The model posits that higher levels of “overcommitment,” in addition to a high effort–reward imbalance ratio, magnifies this risk of ill-health. While work has been conducted to assess the validity of this model within the school setting, research in the higher education sector is limited.

Objectives

This study explored the validity of the effort–reward imbalance model for explaining burnout, poor health, and academic productivity among university students.

Design and Methods

This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of Australian university students ( n = 395) from a range of universities.

Results

An imbalance of effort and reward was associated with poorer physical health, increased burnout, and reduced productivity. Effort–reward imbalance mediated a relationship between overcommitment and burnout; those high in overcommitment were more likely to experience an imbalance of effort and reward at university.

Conclusion

The relationships between effort–reward imbalance, health, burnout, and academic productivity support the generalizability of this model to the university setting. In addition, the personal characteristic of overcommitment also appears to have an important relationship with burnout.
Elite Power Competition and Corruption Investigation in China: A Case Study
Authors: Zhu Jiangnan , Li Hui
Published: May 2019

This article uses an investigation-trigger framework to explain the process that stimulates investigations of corruption in China, which has been treated more as a black box in the past. Reviewing China’s current anticorruption system, we argue that local party leaders’ decisions directly trigger corruption investigations, and that power competition between political elites is a major catalyst of the trigger. Moreover, drawing upon rarely accessible documentation and interviews addressing the successive downfall of two public security bureau chiefs in City H, we identify two channels through which the investigation-trigger catalyst works: the diminished patronage of corrupt officials after patron turnovers, and government insiders’ unconventional provocation of political opponents. The cases analyzed in this article also show that outside intervention may rupture the local protection of corruption and facilitate investigations. This finding supports the 2012 reform of China’s corruption control system.
The summer indoor temperatures of the English housing stock: Exploring the influence of dwelling and household characteristics
Authors: Petrou Giorgos , Symonds Phil , Mavrogianni Anna , Mylona Anastasia , Davies Mike
Published: May 2019

As the high temperatures experienced during the summer of 2018 may become commonplace by 2050, adaptation to higher indoor temperatures while minimising the need for mechanical cooling is required. A thorough understanding of the factors that influence indoor temperatures can enable the design of healthier and safer dwellings under a warming climate. The aim of this paper is to provide further insight into the topic of indoor overheating through the analysis of the largest recent sample of English dwellings, the 2011 Energy Follow-Up Survey, comprised of 823 dwellings. Following the pre-processing stage, the indoor overheating risk of 795 living rooms and 799 bedrooms was quantified using the criteria defined within CIBSE's Technical Memorandum 59. Approximately 2.5% of the dwellings were found to exceed Criterion 1, with this figure approaching 26% when Criterion 2 was considered. Subsequently, the indoor temperatures were standardised against external weather conditions and the correlation of 11 dwelling and 9 household characteristics was examined. Factors such as the main heating system, tenure and occupant vulnerability were all found to have a statistically significant association with the indoor temperatures. Further analysis revealed multiple correlations between household and dwelling characteristics, highlighting the complexity of the indoor overheating problem.

Practical application: By applying the criteria in CIBSE's TM59, 26% of the dwellings monitored during the 2011 Energy Follow-Up Survey were found to overheat. Since 2011 was a cool summer and future temperatures are expected to be warmer, even more dwellings are expected to fail these criteria in the future. Multiple dwelling and household characteristics were associated with higher indoor temperatures, including: dwellings with a SAP rating > 70, more recently built and with communal heating. Thus, it is crucial to consider indoor overheating risk at the building design or refurbishment stage to prevent the possible consequences of uncomfortably high indoor temperatures.
Examining the psychometric properties of the parent daily report—toddler version (PDR-T)
Authors: DePasquale Carrie E. , Olson Anneke , Desjardins Chris D. , Bruce Jacqueline , Pears Katherine C. , Gunnar Megan R. , Fisher Philip A.
Published: May 2019

The present study examined the psychometric properties of a brief parent-report daily checklist of toddler behavior (Parent Daily Report—Toddler Version; PDR-T). Data were collected from three groups of 18–36 month-olds who were followed longitudinally for approximately one year: (a) internationally adopted children ( N = 156); (b) children placed in foster care due to child maltreatment ( N = 79); and (c) community comparison children raised by their biological families ( N = 80). An exploratory factor analysis of this measure resulted in three factors, measuring aggressive/noncompliant, positive, and distress behaviors. While there were estimation issues with the positive and distress factors, the aggressive/noncompliant factor exhibited invariance across time and groups, and partial invariance between genders. Significant correlations were observed between this factor and measures of externalizing behavior and inhibitory control ( r = 0.26–0.56), but not shyness, fearfulness, or negative affect. This provides support for both convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability of this factor was adequate to good across time and group. Results provide preliminary support for the utility, reliability, and consistency of one factor of the PDR-T as an easy parent-report tool to assess daily patterns and changes in child aggressive/noncompliant behavior over time.
Claude McKay, The Workers' Dreadnought, and collaborative poetics
Authors: Brown Stephanie J
Published: May 2019

This paper considers the journalism and poetry Claude McKay produced for Sylvia Pankhurst's communist weekly Workers' Dreadnought in 1920 as a collaboratively produced body of work. This allowed Pankhurst to have a Black communist commentator on hand to cover workers' issues, and McKay used Pankhurst's periodical as a platform from which to dramatise the aesthetic and political potential inherent in collaboration between working-class activists, journalists, and artists for the paper's readers. In the Dreadnought's pages, McKay's poems very publicly weighed the value of collaborative labour and considered the arts' place in the class struggle. He simultaneously produced journalism that advocated collaboration among races to resist the racial antagonism that sparked violence in the most impoverished East End communities in the summers of 1919 and 1920. Ultimately, McKay's work for the Dreadnought produced a holistic representation of working-class intellectual life founded on the production of beauty and the exercise of aesthetic as well as political judgment, one that depicts these activities as inevitably commingled and collaboratively produced.
Police Officer and Supervisor Perceptions of Body-Worn Cameras Pre- and Postimplementation: The Importance of Officer Buy-in
Authors: Snyder Jamie A. , Crow Matthew S. , Smykla John Ortiz
Published: May 2019

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) are increasingly more common in their use among police officers. Research on BWCs is the focus of an increasing number of studies seeking information on stakeholder perceptions and the impact of the technology on behavior and other related outcomes. Although the emerging research is mixed, several studies find that officers have concerns about the use of BWCs and may not fully support their use. The current study utilizes survey data from two Southern police departments. Police officers and supervisors were surveyed on their perceptions of BWCs prior to the implementation of BWCs, then again after their implementation. The analysis focuses on changes in perceptions before and after BWC implementation and examines the impact of respondent rank on perceptions. Overall, perceptions became more positive toward BWCs after the implementation; however, differences emerged when considering rank. Respondents at the supervisor rank expressed significantly less concern and more support for BWCs than those at the officer level after implementation. These results are discussed in the context of the importance of officer support and buy-in for BWCs. Policy suggestions and future directions are also discussed.