bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anestesia dental local sin aguja: Una revisión integrativa de la literatura.
Authors: Alvarez-Sarmiento Jessica
Published: January 2021

La anestesia local sigue siendo uno de los pilares de las técnicas de control del dolor en Odontología y, es ampliamente administrada empleando jeringuilla y aguja de inyección. Sin embargo, las técnicas anestésicas que no emplean aguja son también importantes elementos del arsenal odontológico para el control del dolor, aunque son poco conocidas y empleadas. El propósito de esta revisión es describir las técnicas anestésicas libres de aguja disponibles, así como sus dispositivos y perspectivas futuras. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura en el idioma inglés para evaluar las publicaciones de las últimas dos décadas, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct y Wiley Online Library, empleando las siguientes palabras clave: anestesia dental local, anestesia sin aguja, anestesia dental a presión y anestesia intranasal. Se seleccionaron únicamente artículos y libros de mayor relevancia. Finalmente, se obtuvo 33 artículos y 1 libro. Las técnicas de anestesia dental sin aguja disponibles actualmente son: anestesia a presión, intrasulcular e intranasal, todas ellas emplean dispositivos diferentes y poseen aplicaciones, ventajas, desventajas y limitaciones inherentes que podrían ser mejoradas o superadas en un futuro próximo.
CHALLENGES OF INFLUENCE DYNAMIC AND INTERACTIVE EVENTS ON RESOURCE DISCOVERY FUNCTIONALITY OUTSIDE OF DISTRIBUTED EXASCALE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Shahed University, Mousavi Khaneghah Ehsan , R. Aliev Araz ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: January 2021

The resource discovery in Exascale systems should support the occurrence of dynamic nature in each stakeholder's elements in the resource discovery process. The occurrence of dynamic and interactive nature in the accountable computational element creates challenges in executing the activities related to resource discovery, such as the continuation of the response to the request, granting access rights, and the resource allocation to the process. In the case of a lack of management and dynamic and interactive event control in the accountable computational element, the process of activities related to the resource discovery will fail. In this paper, we first examine the concept function of resource discovery in the accountable computational element. Then, to analyze the effects of occurrence, dynamic, and interactive event effects on resource discovery function in the accountable computational element are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of the traditional resource discovery in the Exascale distributed systems and investigate the factors that should be considered in the function of resource discovery management to have the possibility of application in the Exascale distributed system.
CHALLENGES OF USING BIG DATA IN DISTRIBUTED EXASCALE SYSTEMS
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Tahmazli-Khaligova Firuza
Published: January 2021

In a traditional High Performance Computing system, it is possible to process a huge data volume. The nature of events in classic High Performance computing is static. However, distributed exascale system has a different nature. The processing big data in a distributed exascale system evokes a new challenge. The dynamic and interactive character of a distributed exascale system changes process’s status and system elements. This paper discusses the challenge of the big data attributes: volume, velocity, variety; how they influence distributed exascale system dynamic and interactive nature. While investigating the effect of the dynamic and interactive nature of exascale systems in computing big data, this research suggests the Markov chains model. This model constructs the transition matrix, which identifies system status and memory sharing. It lets us analyze convergence of the two systems. As a result both systems are explored by the influence of each other.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PARAMETERS FOR OPTIMIZING PROFIT USING SIMULATED ANNEALING TO SOLVE SHELF SPACE ALLOCATION PROBLEM
Authors:   St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), S. Beed Romit , Sarkar Ankita , Sinha Raya , Dasgupta Deboshruti
Published: January 2021

Shelf space allocation has always remained a crucial issue for any retail store, as space is a limited resource. This work proposes a model that uses a hyper-heuristic approach to allocate products on shelves to maximize the retailer's profit. This work has concentrated on providing a solution specifically for a consumer packaged goods store. There exist multiple conflicting objectives and constraints which influence the profit. The consequence is a non-linear programming model having a complex objective function, which is solved by using multiple neighborhood approaches using simulated annealing as simulated annealing is a useful tool for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Detailed analysis of the proposed technique of using annealing and reheating has revealed the effectiveness in profit maximization in the shelf space allocation problem. Various simulated annealing parameters have been studied in this paper, which provides optimum values for maximizing profit.
Agroecological territorial dynamics: considerations about brazilian settlements
Authors: Carvalho Lisane , Rambo Anelise Graciele , Stoffel Janete
Published: January 2021

Purpose: In this article we present agroecological experiences in rural settlements in the municipality of Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, Paraná State, Brazil. By analyzing the advances and challenges of these initiatives, we aim to highlight the need for broader, systemic and multiscale actions in favor of building an agro-food system which promotes food and nutritional sovereignty and security of local/regional communities and thereby contributes to the development of territories. Methodology: This is a case study based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with settled families and representative entities. Findings: we observed that the practices have contributed to the construction of a socio-environmental consciousness, a more sustainable soil management, the increase of agrobiodiversity, improvement of health and income, as well as greater access to commercialization channels. Research Limitation: There are challenges and demands regarding training in agroecology, technical assistance, support in organizing farmer groups, financing, construction and consolidation of marketing channels for the income guarantees of families. Originality: A considerable mobilization of local actors was observed, which impacted the implementation of agroecological initiatives, but a more discrete participation of actors from other scales, which limits the enhancement of experiences as mechanisms of territorial development.
Preferências dos consumidores de banana quanto à qualidade do fruto em Cruz das Almas - BA
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Soares Julianna Matos da Silva , Silva Manassés dos Santos ,   Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Santos Fernanda Nascimento dos ,   Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Gonçalves Zalmar Santana ,   Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Souza Thaise Ramos de ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rodrigues Taise Conceição ,   Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Sousa Yan Moreira ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Souza Hirlanda Brito Farias de ,   Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work was to conduct a research on the banana consumption preference in the city of Cruz das Almas, Bahia. The results showed that 94 people were female, 82 males and 10 did not report, totaling 186 respondents. Regarding banana consumption, 44.0% reported consuming the fruit daily because of its nutritional value (29.0%). The attribute obtained 45.0%, being the preference for the cultivar Prata (51.0%). A percentage of 46.0% was observed for in natura consumption. The largest purchase site was in free markets with 59.0%. With this, the banana consumers preferences allow to establish strategies for the development of new cultivars.
Regularities of Formation and Distribution of Transport and Passenger Flows
Authors:   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Khitrov Ihor , Krystopchuk Mykhailo ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Published: January 2021

Decision-making to improve the functioning of route systems is an extremely necessary, but at the same time difficult task, as it determines the overall socio-economic development of the city, the stability and safety of its transport complex. The purpose of this work is to establish patterns of formation and distribution of passenger flows for the transport network of the city with a description of models of their operation. The traditional approach to determining the concentration of travel is described by "synthetic" models, such as gravity. A practical solution to the problems of transport planning is the modeling of behavioral demand, which is based on the concept of attractiveness function. The load of the transport network is determined by the number of vehicles on it. Download simulation is the distribution of inter-district correspondence along specific paths connecting district pairs. In normative models, the distribution of traffic flows is based on the optimization of some global criterion that characterizes the efficiency of the entire network. The descriptive approach is based on the principle according to which each participant seeks to minimize their own costs. The most effective is the model of finding the equilibrium distribution. One of the variants of which is used to distribute users of one class. In this way, the location of transport interchanges in the transport infrastructure of the city mainly determines their transport structure. The distribution of passenger correspondence between interacting infrastructure objects is described by a gravitational model. The equilibrium distribution search model should be used as a task to optimize the distribution of traffic flows.
STATUS ORAL HIGIENE DAN PERIODONTAL PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DAN NON-DIABETES DI RSUD Dr. PIRNGADI
Authors: Mardiah Rizqo  , Lina Natamiharja
Published: January 2021

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit gangguan metabolisme ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah yang terjadikarena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau kedua-duanya. Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakitsistemik yang berperan sebagai faktor risiko penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status oralhigiene dan periodontal dan odd rasio periodontitis pada pasien Diabetes melitus dan non-Diabetes. Rancangan penelitianadalah case-control. Populasi penelitian adalah pasien Diabetes melitus yang sedang berobat di Poli Endokrin dan pasiennon-Diabetes di Poli Mata RSUD dr. Pirngadi. Jumlah sampel adalah 100 orang, 50 orang menderita Diabetes melitusdan 50 orang yang tidak menderita Diabetes melitus. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling,yaitu sampel diambil sesuai kriteria inklusi sampai diperoleh jumlah sesuai dengan yang ditentukan. Pengumpulan datadilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan klinis rongga mulut menggunakan IndeksHigiene Oral Disederhanakan dan Indeks Periodontal oleh Ramfjord. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata skor oralhigiene pada pasien Diabetes melitus tipe 1 adalah 2,06 ± 1,35 dan pada pasien Diabetes melitus tipe 2 yaitu 2,23 ± 0,97sedangkan pada pasien non-Diabetes 0,66 ± 0,33. Rata-rata skor periodontal pada pasien Diabetes melitus tipe 1 adalah2,72 ± 0,86 dan pasien Diabetes melitus tipe 2 yaitu 2,69 ± 0,95, sedangkan pada pasien non-Diabetes 1,07 ± 0,77. Oralhigiene pasien Diabetes melitus kategori sedang dijumpai sebanyak 64% dan non-Diabetes kategori baik 98%. Persentaseperiodontitis pada pasien Diabetes melitus adalah 58% sedangkan pada pasien non-Diabetes 18% dan odd rasio 6,29.Dapat disimpulkan status oral higiene pada pasien Diabetes melitus dengan rata-rata skor oral higiene 2,19 ± 1,05 termasuk kategori sedang, dibandingkan dengan pasien non-Diabetes lebih rendah yaitu 0,66 ± 0,33 dan termasukkategori baik. Status periodontal pada pasien Diabetes melitus dengan rata-rata skor periodontal 2,69 ± 0,93 termasukstatus periodontal sedang dibandingkan dengan pasien non-Diabetes lebih rendah yaitu 1,07 ± 0,77 yang termasuk statusperiodontal baik. Pasien Diabetes melitus mempunyai risiko 6,29 kali lebih besar menderita periodontitis dibandingkanpenderita non-Diabetes.
PENGARUH RIWAYAT POLA ASUH TERHADAP KARIES GIGI BALITA
Authors: Ristya Widi Endah Yani  , Darmawan Setijanto  , Seno Pradopo  , Destyka Fridiana
Published: January 2021

Riwayat pola asuh sangat mempengaruhi karies gigi balita (3-5 tahun), yang mana pola asuh meliputi riwayat minumsusu botol malam hari dan perilaku membersihkan gigi oleh ibu. Penelitian pada anak-anak yang diberi makan padamalam hari memiliki risiko 5,1 kali untuk berkembangnya karies dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak makan di malamhari. Balita masih membutuhkan orang tua dalam membantu menyikat giginya, hal ini telah terbukti berhubungan denganperkembangan karies balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh riwayat minum susu botol malam hari danperilaku membersihkan gigi oleh ibu terhadap karies gigi balita. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik denganpendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah balita (3-5 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ambulu KabupatenJember yang berjumlah 461 balita. Sampel diambil secara simple random sebanyak 102 balita. Variabel independenadalah riwayat minum susu botol malam hari dan perilaku membersihkan gigi oleh ibu pada waktu balita berusia 0-2tahun. Variabel dependen adalah karies gigi balita yang diukur dengan indeks pufa (pulpitis, ulceratif, fistula, abses). Datadianalisis dengan uji regresi linier ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh kebiasaan minum susu botolterhadap karies gigi balita (p= 0,00) dan perilaku ibu membersihkan gigi balita terhadap karies gigi balita (p= 0,00).Sebagai kesimpulan, terdapat pengaruh riwayat minum susu botol malam hari dan perilaku membersihkan gigi oleh ibuterhadap karies gigi balita
PERBEDAAN NILAI SKELETAL DALAM ARAH VERTIKAL ANTARA POLA PERNAFASAN NORMAL DAN PERNAFASAN MELALUI MULUT PADA PASIEN DI KLINIK ORTODONTI RSGMP FKG USU TAHUN 2009-2013
Authors: Hilda Fitria Luis  , Aida Violiny
Published: January 2021

Pola pernafasan mealui mulut sering dikaitkan dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dentokraniofasial. Perubahan pola pernafasan melalui hidung ke mulut telah dipercaya sebagai salah satur faktor etiologi yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan vertikal wajah yang ekstrim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan nilai skeletal dalam arah vertikal antara pola pernafasan normal dan pernafasan melalui mulut pada pasien di klinik ortodonti RSGMP FKG USU tahun 2009-2013. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 44 radiografi sefalometri dari pasien yang berumur 8-12 tahun dengan maloklusi. Selanjutnya, sudut MP-SN dan NSGn pada masing-masing kelompok diukur dan data diolah dan dianalisa menggunakan uji-t independen. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dengan pola pernafasan melalui mulut memiliki sudut MP-SN (p<0,05) dan NSGn (p<0,05) yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelopmpok dengan pola pernafasan normal. Sebagai kesimpulan, kelompok dengan pola pernafasan melalui mulut memiliki kecenderungan untuk memiliki mandibula yang berotasi searah jarum jam dan memiliki pola pertumbuhan wajah vertikal.
MICROLEAKAGE OF SAUCER-SHAPED CLASS II COMPOSITE RESIN RESTORATION
Authors: Teddy  , Trimurni Abidin  , Listiani Nurul Huda
Published: January 2021

Filling techniques influence in reducing polymerization shrinkage which cause microleakage. Besides, the use of matricesalso contributes to achieve good marginal ridge. This study was aimed to examine the effect of filling techniques and theuse of matrices on microleakage of saucer-shaped Class II restorations. Mandibular premolar specimens were prepared insaucer-shaped cavity design, then they were divided into eight groups according to filling techniques (bulk orincremental), the use of matrices (circumferential or sectional), and whether load was provided or not. Specimens wereimmersed in saline for 24 hours, then thermocycled, later immersed in 2% methylene blue for 24 hours. Micro gap wasmeasured by scoring dye penetration in specimens that were sectioned mesio-distally under a stereomicroscope with 20xmagnification. Furthermore, visual analysis was performed under Scanning Electron Microscope to examine themicroleakage in details. Statistical analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test demonstrated that bulk andincremental filling techniques were not significantly different in microleakage (p> 0.05). This study also demonstratedthat the use of matrices was significantly different in microleakage in different filling techniques (p< 0.05), whether loadwas provided or not. This study showed that the use of matrices was important in reducing the microleakage in saucershapedClass II restorations.
PERUBAHAN SCORE BLEACHEDGUIDE DAN NILAI KEKERASAN ENAMEL GIGI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DILAKUKAN BLEACHING KARBAMID PEROKSIDA 35%
Authors: Rehulina Ginting  , Ashvinaa Morgan
Published: January 2021

Bleaching merupakan salah satu perawatan estetik untuk memutihkan gigi yang mengalami diskolorisasi. Selain efekmemutihkan gigi, bleaching memiliki efek negatif terhadap gigi yaitu menurunnya nilai kekerasan enamel akibat prosesoksidasi bahan peroksida sehingga komponen Ca2+ dan PO43- menjadi berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui perubahan yang terjadi antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan bleaching karbamid peroksida 35% yaituterdapat penurunan skor warna berdasarkan VITA Bleachedguide 3D-Master dan penurunan nilai kekerasan (HV) enamelgigi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan rancangan penelitian pre-post test design. Penelitian inidilakukan pada 20 spesimen premolar pertama maksila permanen yang telah mengalami diskolorisasi dan dipotongbagian bukal gigi sehingga menghasilkan spesimen berukuran 5 x 5 x 4 mm kemudian ditanam dalam resin epoksi. Skorwarna spesimen gigi diukur dengan menggunakan Bleachedguide, dan nilai kekerasan enamel gigi (HV) dengan alatpenguji kekerasan Vicker’s sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan bleaching karbamid peroksida 35% satu jam sehari selamatujuh hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan yang signifikan pada skor warna sebanyak1,60 ± 0,60 tingkat antara sebelum dibanding sesudah bleaching pada p< 0,05 dengan VITA Bleachedguide 3D-Master.Nilai kekerasan (HV) mengalami penurunan yang signifikan sebanyak 29,15 ± 8,88 HV antara sebelum dibandingsesudah bleaching pada p< 0,05. Sebagai kesimpulan, tindakan pemutihan gigi (bleaching) dengan karbamid peroksida35% ternyata dapat menurunkan skor warna gigi (warna gigi bertambah putih), tetapi pada waktu yang sama mempunyaidampak negatif terhadap gigi yaitu penurunan nilai kekerasan enamel.
THE EFFECT OF BILIMBI (BELIMBING WULUH) EXTRACT (Averrhoa bilimbi L) AGAINST DENTAL REMINERALIZATION AND ENAMEL MICROSTRUCTURE (IN VITRO RESEARCH)
Authors: Abidin Trimurni , Nainggolan Marline , Susi Susi
Published: January 2021

Teeth physiologically undergo demineralization and remineralisation processes. One way to reduce demineralization can be done with the use of CPP-ACP (Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate), which has high calcium bioavailability. The use of natural materials products in the field of dentistry is currently growing, one of which is bilimbi/ starfruit (belimbingwuluh) that is rich in minerals and has many benefits. This study aims to analyze the effect of extract of bilimbi in tooth enamel remineralisation which is tested by using SEM and EDX equipments so that the difference of enamel surface microstructure and the amount of calcium and phosphorus content of tooth enamel surface can be identified. A total of eight hidden molar teeth were extracted, cut into four parts and divided into four groups, namely group I: the teeth applied with the wuluh bilimbi gel, group II: the teeth applied with CPP-ACP gel, group III: the teeth applied with the combination gel of starfruit extract and CPP-ACP gel, group IV: without any application. The result of this study was assessed qualitatively and it was noticeable that the treatment group combination of CPP-ACP gel and starfruit gel had the smoothest enamel surface microstructure. Quantitatively, there were significant difference is the three treatment groups (p≤ 0.05). The conclusion of this research is the effect of the application of wuluh bilimbi extract gel, CPP-ACP gel and gel combination of starfruit with CPP-ACP gel towards the remineralisation and microstructure of tooth enamel surface.
The RELATION OF NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE LEVEL WITH TISSUE DESTRUCTION IN GINGIVITIS AND PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Kasuma Nila
Published: January 2021

Periodontal disease consists of gingivitis and periodontitis. They occur due to the interaction between bacterial antigens and the host tissue hence neutrophil is activated, antibody is produced and bone resorption is occurred. Enzymatic changes to diagnose periodontal disease index (PDI) based on biomarker measurement scale is useful for an accurate diagnosis and a successful measurement of periodontal disease therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was selected as the biological medium. This research aims to analyze the relationship between neutrophil elastase level and periodontal tissue damages at gingivitis and periodontitis. The study involved 66 people as samples with 22 healthy samples, 22 mild gingivitis samples and 22 early periodontitis samples. Enzyme level studied was tested using ELISA technique. In this cross-sectional study, neutrophil elastase enzyme level was compared between healthy, mild gingivitis and early periodontitis sample groups. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA test. The average NE level based on PDI group is ± SD 2.65 ng/dl ± 1.28 in healthy sample group. There is an increase by 2.3 times in mild gingivitis sample group where NE level is ± SD 6.27 ng/dl ± 1.13.While, the light periodontitis group has NE level of ± SD 9.38 ng/dl ± 1.06 which equals to 3.5 times increase from the healthy sample group. This research concludes that the rise of neutrophil elastase level in gingival crevicular fluid is related to the severity of gingivitis and periodontitis diseases.
EPOXY-CONTAINING ADDUCTS OF ROSIN ASLIGHT- AND THERMOSTABILIZERS FOR PVC
Authors:   Sumgait State University, Pirguliyeva M.S. , Guliyev А.М. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
Published: January 2021

The thermo- and light-stabilizing activity of glycidyloxycarbonyl- and glycidyloxymethylsubstituted derivatives of the sulphur-containing rosin in the compositions on the basis of plasticized polyvinyl chloride were studied. It found that the proposed epoxy-derivative adducts of rosin possess thermal stability allowing them to withstand the processing temperature of polyvinyl chloride compositions. The developments showed that the proposed stabilizers can protect the polymer matrix against light radiation. It revealed that the film samples prepared with the help of the proposed stabilizers showed the high thermal stability, impact resistance, good frost resistance and mechanical strength.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF MORDENITE ZEOLITE CATALYSTS MODIFIED BY Pd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Nd3+CATIONS IN DISPROPORTIONATION REACTION OF TOLUENE
Authors:   Acad. M.Naghiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Agayev V.Sh.
Published: January 2021

Catalytic activities of synthetic mordenite (SiO2/Al2O3=18) catalysts modified with metal cations (Pd2+ , Ni2+, Co2+, Nd3+) calcinated in different air stream conditions in the temperature range of 300-420°C, at v=3,1 hour-1, H2:CH=3:1 were studied in disproportionation reaction of toluene to benzene and xylenes. It found that mordenite zeolite catalyst modified by Pd2+, and cations are more active than the catalysts containing Ni2+, Co2+, Nd3+. It revealed that samples activated in terms of dry and humid conditions are characterized by fullest activity and selectivity.
Multiple strategies of melatonin protecting against cardiovascular injury related to inflammation: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Sarkar Swaimanti , Chattopadhyay Aindrila , Bandyopadhyay Debasish
Published: January 2021

The onset and progression of baneful chronic diseases are often accompanied by a torrent of uncontrolled inflammatory reactions. Although inflammation is a natural response to detect, eliminate, and counterpoise the harmful insults to physiological integrity, a persistent inflammation causes tissue damage or more serious disorders, for example, the atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Inflammation often occurs in the cardiovascular system, but are also caused by other disorders including metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases, AIDS, and cancer that can affect the cardiac health. To effectively treat heart diseases a potent remedy is necessary which not only suppresses the inflammation but also prevents inflammation-associated cardio-pathogenesis. The ubiquitous antioxidant molecule melatonin has both anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities. Melatonin executes its anti-inflammatory activity by its antioxidant function or by targeting multiple intracellular signalling cascades such as modulating cytokine profile, blocking inflammasome activation and apoptosis. Lipid dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes are prevented by melatonin. Attenuation of mitochondrial and ER stress by melatonin is also pertinent to its cardioprotective action. Additionally, melatonin by its immuno-stimulatory activity can suppress inflammaging and immuno-senescence in HIV patients and thereby averts chronic inflammation-induced cardiovascular abnormality in these subjects. Modulation of cytokine profile and decrease in MMP-9 secretion by melatonin is beneficial in autoimmune conditions. In addition to its anti-tumour potency, melatonin can reduce chemotherapy-induced cardio-toxicity in cancer patients. This review, therefore, provides a concise summary of the currently available information appertaining to the roles of melatonin in mitigation of chronic inflammation and its effect on cardiovascular integrity.
Melatonin: A potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19
Authors: Gurunathan Sangiliyandi , Kang Min-Hee , Choi Youngsok , Reiter Russel J , Kim Jin-Hoi
Published: January 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses that cause infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems, among others. The pathological symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) include excessive inflammation, elevated oxidative stress, and an exaggerated immune response, ultimately leading to a cytokine storm and  subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often, death. Melatonin is a multifunctional and highly significant biomolecule that has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective actions with no serious undesired side effects, even when administered in high doses. In this review, we present a brief account of the origin of coronaviruses, their characteristic features, infections, transmission, and the causes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We discuss their structure, genome organization, and mechanisms of cellular entry, as well as the pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we provide an account of the typical characteristic features of melatonin, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and ameliorative effects on various virus-induced infections. Additionally, we identify the rationale for using melatonin as both a prospective adjuvant with vaccine therapy, and as an antiviral immune stimulator. Finally, we provide a perspective on the use of melatonin as a treatment against COVID-19.
The crossroads of melatonin: Bibliometric analysis and mapping of global scientific research
Authors: López-Muñoz Francisco , Povedano-Montero Francisco J. , Romero Alejandro , Egea Javier , Alamo Cecilio
Published: January 2021

Melatonin is a molecule that has attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community in the last 50 years. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific production on related to melatonin using bibliometric tools. We performed a search in Web of Science, involving documents published between 1958 and 2019. We used bibliometric indicators to explore documents production, dispersion, distribution, time of duplication and annual growth, as Price's law of scientific literature growth, Lotka's law, the transient index and the Bradford model. We also calculated the participation index of the different countries and institutions. Finally, through bibliometric mapping, we explored the co-occurrence networks for the most frequently used terms in melatonin research. A total of 20,768 documents were retrieved. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.9535) than exponential (r = 0.9313). The duplication time of the documents obtained was 14.2 years. The transience index was 62%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to very few authors. The signature rate per document was 1.95. Thirty-four journals made up the Bradford core, highlighting Journal of Pineal Research. USA and University of Texas present the highest production. Map network visualization shows the generated term map detailing on clusters of closely related terms. The growth of the scientific literature on melatonin was linear, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed. In the last 10 years, there has been a relevant increase in documents on melatonin.
Perputaran Modal Kerja Dan Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Return On Asset Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Otomotif
Authors: Yaqin Fahlevi Ainul , Supramono Supramono , Prasetyowati Riris Aishah
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Perputaran Piutang terhadap Return On Asset pada perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu dengan sampel sebanyak 4 perusahaan. Metode pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis koefisien korelasi, analisis koefisien determinasi, analisis regresi berganda dan uji hipotesis (uji T dan uji F) dengan menggunakan program SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Perputaran Piutang tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Return On Asset. Sedangkan secara simultan Perputaran Modal Kerja dan Perputaran Piutang tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap Return On Asset. Kata kunci : Perputaran Modal Kerja, Perputaran Piutang, Return On Asset
Wordnet Semantic Relations in a Chatbot
Authors:   University of San Jose-Recoletos, Petralba Josephine
Published: January 2021

The goal of this research is to design and implement a chatbot for querying Wordnet semantic relations. The study creates a contextual chatbot named WordnetBot, a web application that utilizes the use of technologies such as Dialogflow, React, NodeJS, Javascript, and MariaDB. The Wordnet database which leverages all other dictionaries due to its semantic relations representation was used as the data source. Phrase Structure Analysis extracts the keyword and the semantic relation from a user’s message or query. It complements the Machine Learning and AI capabilities of Dialogflow in the analysis. The researcher designed an architectural framework for the integration of the different components of WordnetBot.
Analysis and Forecasting of Fire incidence in Davao City
Authors:   University of Southeastern Philippines, Villa Merlito , Ceballos Roel ,   University of Southeastern Philippines
Published: January 2021

Fire incidence is a big problem for every local government unit in the Philippines. The two most detrimental effects of fire incidence are economic loss and loss of life. To mitigate these losses, proper planning and implementation of control measures must be done. An essential aspect of planning and control measures is prediction of possible fire incidences. This study is conducted to analyze the historical data to create a forecasting model for the fire incidence in Davao City. Results of the analyses show that fire incidence has no trend or seasonality, and occurrences of fire are neither consistently increasing nor decreasing over time. Furthermore, the absence of seasonality in the data indicate that surge of fire incidence may occur at any time of the year. Therefore, fire prevention activities should be done all year round and not just during fire prevention month.
Graduate Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Inputs to Policy Formulation in the New Normal
Authors:   Philippine Normal University, Ancho Inero
Published: January 2021

This qualitative research describes the experiences of Filipino graduate students as they continue with their schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Particular challenges faced are related to technology and internet access. As graduate work is expected to be about research tasks, subscribing to paid resources is seen as an issue. It is also crucial to recognize how the experience has caused stress for students. The experienced challenges are resolved by augmenting students’ technological capacity, realigning personal values and perspectives, and resorting to free and open access journals to sustain research activities. The COVID-19 experience has taught graduate students the importance of technology, the significance of revisiting one’s values, and the reflection on their quest to finish their graduate studies. Lastly, assistance to graduate students can be done by proactively offering infrastructure assistance, socio-emotional support, and institutionalizing responsive and flexible communication mechanisms.
An Exploration of Experiences that Influence Occupational Therapy Students' Motivations to Pursue Occupational Therapy as a Career
Authors:   , Gigante Kayla-Marie , Cantrell Alyssa , Nguyen Michelle , Teagarden Garrett
Published: January 2021

Occupational therapy (OT) is a client-centered healthcare profession that uses therapeutic activities to increase an individual’s, group’s, or population's participation in meaningful activities, otherwise known as occupations. The general underlying factors that motivate one’s decision to choose this career path is well established within the existing literature. However, research into the experiences of students working alongside an occupational therapist (OT) prior currently faces a significant gap. The aim of this study is to identify and understand what first-hand experiences of OT brought OT students to pursue a career in occupational therapy. Through the lens of narrative inquiry, participants were given a narrative prompt to describe their first-hand experiences with occupational therapy. Following the participants’ completion of a narrative prompt, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four pre-OT students from Dominican University of California and one entry level doctorate student from University of St. Augustine, Miami. Wilcock’s (1999) Doing, Being and Becoming was referenced as a guided theory during the thematic analysis as it reflects on “how a dynamic balance between doing and being is central to healthy living and how becoming whatever a person is best fitted to become is dependent on both” (1999, p.2). Through the utilization of these themes, the findings reveal that initial OT observation hours are highly influential towards one’s decision to pursue OT as a career. Additionally, these findings suggest a need for required hours to include reflection and adequate hands-on experiences as provided by OT departments within colleges and universities.
PRODUKSI KOKON DAN BIOMASSA CACING TANAH Eisenia foetida PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA BUDIDAYA LIMBAH PETERNAKAN
Authors: Mashur Mashur
Published: January 2021

Livestock waste has a major influence on environmental pollution, if not managed properly, because it will cause a foul odor. Efforts to manage livestock waste have not been successfully carried out completely, so new innovations are needed by utilizing the Eisenia foetida as a reactor to process it into earthworm cultivation medium. Processing of livestock waste with earthworms can produce high economic value cocoon and biomass. To find out the differences in cocoon and biomass production in five types of livestock waste, a research was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The results showed that the use of feces of cattle, goats, horses, broiler chickens, and rumen contents as the medium of Eisenia foetida cultivation had a significant effect (P<0.05) on cocoon and biomass production. Duncan's test results showed that the highest cocoon production of 123.0 eggs/nest box obtained on goat feces medium was significantly different (P<0.05) with feces of cattle, horses, chickens and rumen contents. The highest production of earthworm biomass of 1339.0 eggs/nest box obtained in horse feces medium was significantly different (P<0.05) with feces of cattle, goats, chickens, and rumen contents. The conclusion is: 1) to produce the most cocoon using goat feces; 2) to produce the most earthworm biomass using horse feces; 3) to produce the highest weight gain of earthworms using cattle feces; 4) to produce a weight size per head of earthworms using high rumen contents; and 5) the use of feces of broiler chickens is not recommended as a whole (100%) as a medium or feed in livestock waste treatment because it causes all earthworms to die, so they need to be mixed with other medium or feed ingredients.
Pengaruh Metode Role Playing terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Ditinjau dari Aktivitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Azizi Asrorul , Irwansah Irwansah
Published: January 2021

The method of role playing in learning is a teaching and learning process in which students themselves are mentally active, building their knowledge, which is based on the cognitive structure they have. The teacher has a more role as a facilitator and mediator of learning. This study aims to determine the effect of role playing methods on cognitive learning outcomes in terms of student learning activities. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The research design used a "post-test only control group design" which involved two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class. The population in this study were all students of class X MIA MA Darul Aminin NW Aikmual, Central Lombok Regency. While the research sample was 39 students of class X MIA at the MA. Student learning outcomes were measured using a test in the form of multiple choice questions, and student learning activities were obtained using a questionnaire. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the role playing method has an effect on student cognitive learning outcomes, because the significance value is 0.046 <0.05. The student learning activity factor for the cognitive domain obtained a significance value of 0.030 <0.05. The data shows that, student learning activities affect student cognitive learning outcomes. The interaction of the role palying method with student learning activities for the cognitive domain obtained a significance value of 0.227 <0.05, so this data shows that there is an interaction between the role playing method and student learning activities on student cognitive learning outcomes.
Effect of Inquiry Creative Process Learning Models on Improving the Critical Thinking Ability of Prospective Science Teachers
Authors: Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Ayub Syahrial , Putriawati Wiwin , Prayogi Saiful
Published: January 2021

Critical thinking has become a very important part as one of the goals of learning at the level of higher education in Indonesia and globally, and learning based on inquiry activities is recommended as a teaching foundation for training learners' critical thinking ability. Teaching inventions towards critical thinking must be trained to prospective teacher for better education in the future. This study aims to determine the effect of the Inquiry Creative Learning (ICP) learning model on improving the critical thinking ability of prospective science teachers. This research is an experimental study with the design of "one group pretest-posttest design". The subject of implementation as a research sample were 20 prospective science teacher who is currently studying at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), Mataram University, Indonesia. The data of critical thinking ability were analyzed descriptively and statistically, in which homogeneity test, normality test, and t-test were conducted. The results showed that the ICP learning model had an effect on improving critical thinking ability of prospective science teachers.
Pengolahan Limbah Organik Pasar Menggunakan Reaktor Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) dengan Metode Continuous Flow Bin
Authors: Mashur Mashur , Hunaepi Hunaepi , Usman Kemas , Desimal Iwan
Published: January 2021

Market waste is the second largest waste after household waste. Vegetable and fruit waste is the largest organic waste that comes from market waste. Various waste management efforts have been carried out by the government and the community, but have not completely resolved the waste problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of market organic waste processing using an earthworm reactor (Lumbricus rubellus) with a modified Continuous Flow Bin method on cocoon production, biomass, and exmecat. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), with three treatments of a continuous flow bin modified three types of mixed media materials to increase cocoon production, biomass, and exmecat quality. The results showed that the type of reactor had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on cocoon production, the amount of biomass, biomass weight, broodstock mortality, exmecat production, media temperature, and media humidity, but had no effect on media pH. The use of reactor 2 (R2) with a mixture of 50% horse feces + 50% rice straw + feed 50 grams / day / nest box for market organic waste is the best reactor compared to reactor 1 (R1) and reactor 3 (R3). The amount of organic waste that can be processed by earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) either as a medium or as feed is an average of 4.35 kg / nest box for 40 days of cultivation with a stocking density of 25 grams of earthworms / nest box. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ability of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) to process market organic waste using the modified Continuous Flow Bin method can reach 4.35 times their body weight / day. Thus, this waste processing method can be a complete solution to solving market organic waste management problems.
Pengaruh Keterampilan Proses Sains Melalui Model Inkuiri Terbimbing terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Larutan Asam Basa
Authors: Ischak Netty Ino , Odja Eka Anggraini , La Kilo Jafar , La Kilo Akram
Published: January 2021

Chemistry learning has so far emphasized macroscopic and symbolic aspects as a result of misconceptions and students' low understanding of chemistry. This study aims to determine the influence of science process skill through guided inquiry model on student learning outcomes on acidic-basicsolution topic. The type of research is experimental research with Posttest-Only Control Design. Sampling was done by using Purposive Sampling technique. The sample of research for the experimental class and control class were 31 students, respectively. Data collection using objective test as an instrument that contains test about acidic acid material. Data analysis technique used to test the research hypothesis is t-test. Based on the statistical results obtained the average value of post-test experimental class is 58.55 while for the control class the average post-test value is 39.68. Result of data analysis for learning result show that in significant level 0,05 obtained tcount> t table  (6,22> 1,671),  then H0 rejected or accepted H1. Thus it can be concluded that there is the influence of process skills of science through guided inquiry model on student learning outcomes on acidic acid solution materials.The positive effects are also discussed in this study.
Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Matematika Menurut Teori Belajar Jerome Bruner untuk Materi Keliling dan Luas Lingkaran di Kelas VIII
Authors: Agustina Winda , Chairani Zahra , Norhabibah Norhabibah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII MTs Al Falah Mahe Kabupaten Tabalong Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 dengan menerapkan teori belajar Jerome Bruner pada materi keliling dan luas lingkaran. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang terdiri dari tiga kali pertemuan, dua kali pertemuan untuk kegiatan pembelajaran dan satu pertemuan untuk pelaksanaan tes evaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan hitung rata-rata dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan teori belajar Jerome Bruner dalam pembelajaran, aktivitas belajar siswa berada pada kualifikasi aktif dan hasil belajar siswa berada pada kualifikasi baik.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR MATEMATIS SISWA PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROYEK TERINTEGRASI STEM
Authors: Indriani Kanti Warih ade
Published: January 2021

The problem of students' difficulties on shapes material (triangles) becomes the background of the researcher to carry out research using a project learning model that is integrated with the STEM approach. The purpose of research is to improve students' mathematical thinking abilities. The research subjects were students of class VIII SMPN 4 Taliwang. The instruments used were observation sheets and tests. In STEM-learning projects, students are trained to solve mathematical problems through projects that are integrated with other fields of science. This research is a classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles. Each cycle is carried out with 4 stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed that the mathematical ability of students in cycle 1 achieved an average score of 72 with a classical completeness of 70%, increasing in cycle 2 achieving an average score of 80 with a classical completeness of 83%. Based on these data it can be concluded that through the application of the project learning model integrated STEM can improve students' mathematical thinking abilities on flat build material in class VIII SMPN 4 Taliwang