bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Inequality in Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Time in Qazvin City during 2014-2016: Concentration Curve Approach
Authors: Qandian Ali , Fattahi Pedram , Vand Rajabpour Mojtaba , Nemati Saeed , Nasirian Neda , Parsaeian Mahbobeh , Nedjat Saharnaz
Published: October 2020

Background: The impact of socioeconomic status on cancer survival has already been proven. Early diagnosis of cancer is one of the main reason of this improved survival among high socioeconomic status (SES) people. High SES people are more likely to take part in cancer screening programs for several reason and it seems that diagnosis of cancer is earlier among these people. Despite growing evidence on inequal in cancer survival, diagnosis, and treatment over the past decades there is a lack of evidence on volume and direction of socioeconomic inequality regarding early diagnosis of cancer in Iran. Objectives: To assess socioeconomic inequality in colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis time in Qazvin city, Iran during 2014 - 2016. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) at the Vellayat hospital of the Qazvin city. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach was used to combine household assets as a proxy of SES. Cancer staging information was extracted from the patient's medical records and then a pathology specialist performed cancer staging. Descriptive statistics and a multiple logistic regression model were used to illustrate an association between CRC late diagnosis and socioeconomic status adjusted for age, sex, and residence of the area. We applied the standardized Concentration Index as a measure of socioeconomic inequality in CRC late diagnosis. Results: The overall percentage of late CRC diagnosis was 40.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.8, 47.5), which was slightly higher among women (47.1%, 95% CI 36.8, 57.6) than men (35.4%, 95% CI, 27.0, 44.7). Logistic regression results spotted an association between SES and the late diagnosis of CRC. In Iranian women, CRC tended to be diagnosed at more advanced stages among the third (Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.68), forth (Low) (OR = 17.86) and fifth (Lowest) (OR = 25.60) SES quintiles, while in men it was only significant for the fifth quintiles (OR = 4.17). Furthermore, the concentration index implied that late CRC diagnosis is concentrated among deprived subgroups in Qazvin city, and it was statistically significant (Overall concentration index = -0.33, 95% CI -0.38, -0.28). It was estimated at -0.35 and -0.29 in Iranian women and men, respectively. Conclusions: According to this survey, CRC tends to be diagnosed at more advanced stages among low socioeconomic status groups, and the observed discrimination is more severe in Iranian women.
Relationship Between Adoption and Suicide Attempts: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Egurrola-Pedraza Jorge Armando , Herazo Edwin
Published: October 2020

Context: Several investigations have shown that people in an adoption situation have a higher frequency of mental problems or disorders than the general population. However, no known meta-analysis consolidates information about the association between the adoption situation and suicide attempt. Objectives: We aimed to systematically evaluate the primary observational studies that quantified the association between the being adopted and suicide attempt. Methods: A systematic review was designed that used a logical strategy based on specific descriptors in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, in combination with the Boolean operators (AND, OR). The search was performed on the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Health Virtual Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, PsycArticles, BioMed Central, and Sage Journal. Articles were included until December 2018. The quality of the studies was evaluated with a tool based on the STROBE criteria. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies used case-control designs and the remaining three were cohort studies. Case-control studies computed 69 suicide attempts in 1,216 adopted people compared to 436 attempts amidst 20,555 non-adopted people (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.24 - 4.28, I2 = 61%). Cohort studies computed 536 suicide attempts among 36,965 people in adoption compared to 15,112 attempts in 3,118,069 non-adopted people (RR = 2.99, 95% CI 2.54 - 3.53, I2 = 73%). Conclusions: The adoption situation can increase suicide attempts; it predicts at least two times more cases of suicide attempts among adopted people than in the general population.
Effect of Nandrolone Treatment with and without Resistance Training on Superoxide Dismutase Concentration and Pathology of Kidney Tissue in Rats
Authors: Heidari Esfandiyar , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2020

Background: The prevalence of anabolic steroids abuse in athletes and non-athletes is associated with the risk of injury to various organs, but there are limited studies of oxidative changes in kidney tissue following nandrolone (N) administration. Objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N treatment with and without resistance training (RT) on superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration and tissue pathology of kidney tissue in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats including 1) control (C), 2) sham (normal saline) (Sh), 3) N, and 4) N + RT. Groups 3 and 4 received 10 mg/kg N peritoneally, and the N + RT group performed 1 m ladder climbing for eight weeks and three sessions per week. SOD levels of kidney tissue were measured by ELISA and radioimmunoassay. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate oxidative stress levels in kidney tissue. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post- hoc tests were used for analysis of research findings in SPSS version 22 (P ≤ 0.05). Results: SOD levels in the C group were higher than the Sh (P = 0.001), N (P = 0.001), and N + RT (P = 0.001) groups. SOD levels were lower in the Sh group than in the N (P = 0.049) and N + RT (P = 0.001) groups. However, there was no significant difference in SOD levels in the N + RT group and N group (P = 0.28). Also, oxidative stress levels were normal in tissue studies in all groups. Conclusions: It seems that N treatment with and without RT reduces SOD activity in kidney tissue, but more studies are needed in this regard given the normality of tissue oxidative stress results.
Evaluation of Varicella-Zoster Virus Immunoglobulin G in Children With Malignancies on Chemotherapy
Authors: Nazari Shiva , Naderisorki Mohammad , Armin Shahnaz , Gholinejad Zari
Published: October 2020

Background: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection in children with different malignancies on chemotherapy has become an alarming problem. There are insufficient data about VZV seroprevalence among patients in Iran. Objectives: The current study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of VZV serum IgG antibodies in children with malignancies on chemotherapy. Methods: The current single-center cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 at Mofid children’s hospital, Tehran, Iran. Five milliliters of blood samples were collected from the patients. Serum samples were then tested in duplicate for the IgG antibody against VZV using Varicella-Zoster ELISA IgG/IgM kit. Results: A total of 54 children with different malignancies were included. Overall, 24 and 30 serum samples were collected from females and males, respectively. The children were five months to 15-years-old with a mean age of 5.5 years. The overall seroprevalence of VZV IgG in the children was 21.1% (n = 13/54). Of patients with positive VZV IgG antibody, 9 (69.2%) were male, and four (30.8%) were female. Besides, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) with 61.1% (n = 33/54) was the most common underlying malignancy among these patients. The prevalence of anti-VZV IgG antibodies was 21.2% (n = 7/33) in the group of children with ALL. The highest seroprevalence of the VZV IgG antibody was seen in 11 to 15-year-old children (n = 3/7; 42.9%). The prevalence rates of IgG antibodies against VZV among children aged 0-2 years, 3-5 years, and 6-10 years were 28.6%, 25.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that children with different malignancies on chemotherapy are quite susceptible to chickenpox infection. It is suggested that a safe and effective live attenuated varicella vaccine in line with the WHO recommendations be incorporated into Iran’s national immunization program for children with various malignancies.
Nosocomial Infection in an Iranian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Hospital Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Choobdar Farhad , Vahedi Zahra , Khosravi Nastaran , Khalesi Nasrin , Javid Asma , Shojaee Soraya
Published: October 2020

Background: Hospital-acquired infection is one of the main concerns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), leading to increased mortality, hospital stay, and costs. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of hospital-acquired infection in NICUs. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in the NICU of Ali Asghar Children Hospital for one year. All admitted newborns were sampled on a simple basis. The criteria for the diagnosis of hospital-acquired infection were based on the definitions of the CDC and the NNIS system. Risk factors such as days of fully catheters usage, nurse-to-patient ratio, history of surgery, prematurity, and mechanical ventilation were considered as variables. The data collection tools consisted of a patient information questionnaire, the monthly report of the hospital infection control committee based on the NNIS system, a daily schedule of all risk factors for each infant, and the monthly nurse-to-patient ratio in the NICU. The STATA software was used for data analysis. Results: In our study, 654 newborns were enrolled. The rate of hospital-acquired infections was 13.5%. Moreover, 80.7% of the cases exhibited sepsis (72.7% diagnosed based on clinical findings and 8% based on positive blood culture). Statistical analysis showed 9% pneumonia cases, 8% surgical site infection cases, and 2.3% urinary tract infection cases. The average time to the occurrence of hospital-acquired infection was 13.5 days after admission. All risk factors were significantly higher in the infected group than in the control group (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, surgical interventions were significantly more in the infected group than in the non-infected group (34.1% vs. 6.7%, respectively, P = 0.0001). The prevalence rates in different weight ranges (less than 1000 g, 1001 to 1500 g, 1501 to 2500, and above 2501 g) were 2.6%, 6.9%, 21.4%, and 69.1%, respectively, in the infected group, which were significantly different from those of the non-infected group (P = 0.0001). The most common etiologic microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions: Factors such as surgery, the presence of a central venous catheter, and the increased length of hospital stay significantly increased the hospital-acquired infections. Reducing invasive procedures, maintenance of full catheters, and providing optimal nursing care can help control hospital-acquired infections.
Evaluation of PTEN and Ki67 Expression in Typical and Atypical Endometriosis and Endometriosis Associated Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Akbarzadeh-Jahromi Mojgan , Zare Zahra , Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Torabinezhad Simin
Published: October 2020

Background: Several studies reported that endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Atypical endometriosis is common in patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian, which might be considered as a precancerous lesion. Objectives: This study aimed to assess ki67 and PTEN expression in endometriosis associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), atypical endometriosis, and typical endometriosis. Methods: In this study, all H & E slides of 260 ovarian endometriosis cases were reviewed. And 25 cases were diagnosed with atypical endometriosis. Forty-one typical endometrioses and 24 ovarian cancers with endometriosis were included. We assessed PTEN and Ki67 immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells. Results: The prevalence of atypical endometriosis was about 9%. PTEN loss was found in 12 (out of 24 or 50%) of EAOC, 2 (out of 25; 8%) of atypical endometriosis, and none of the typical endometriosis. In all 12 PTEN loss cases, the PTEN loss pattern in endometriosis adjacent to ovarian cancer was similar to that of ovarian cancer. A total of 7.3% of typical endometriosis and 8% atypical endometriosis and 33.3% of EAOC had Ki67 staining in more than 50% of the epithelial component. Both typical and atypical endometriosis showed similar PTEN loss and Ki 67 staining (in more than 50% of the epithelial component) (P value > 0.05), and both of them were different from EAOC (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: The PTEN loss pattern in endometriosis adjacent to ovarian cancer was similar to that of ovarian cancer. The result indicated that PTEN loss could be an early event in the tumor development pathway from endometriosis to ovarian cancer.
Monetary policy and unemployment in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Veselinović Nevena
Published: October 2020

The main aim of the examination is to conclude whether monetary policy can influence the unemployment rate through the key policy rate and to analyze the fundamental linkages among inflation and unemployment in the Republic of Serbia, considering that those mentioned occurrences are major destabilizers of the developing economy. The Vector error correction model is used as the central model for inquiring the structure of the time series. From the cointegration equation of the VEC model, it can be concluded that there is no long-run equilibrium dynamic between the key policy rate and the unemployment rate in the Republic of Serbia over the period 2009M1-2019M6. Regarding the relationship between inflation and unemployment, there is a positive statistically significant effect of the inflation rate to the unemployment rate in the long-term. In the short term, results indicate that the key policy rate, as well as the inflation rate, do not cause the unemployment rate in the observed period.
The significance of fast diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2, good health care organization and reasonable use of knowledge and resources in the fight against Covid-19
Authors: Skvarč Miha , Arsić-Arsenijević Valentina
Published: October 2020

In December 2019, a new disease appeared, that is, pneumonia of unknown cause, which was linked to a seafood market in Wuhan (China). Human respiratory epithelial cells were used to isolate a novel coronavirus, named according to the clinical picture "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the disease was named the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). This pandemic has proved to be a great challenge for all professionals dealing with microbiological diagnostics, as well as for all health care workers. The aim of this work is to present the significance of fast diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2, the significance of protection of health of health care workers, and the reasonable use of knowledge and resources in the fight against Covid-19. The previous research has confirmed that in the fight against the SARS-Cov-2 infection, fast diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2, protection of health of health care workers and reasonable use of knowledge and resources during the pandemic are of utmost importance. A special emphasis is put on the vaccination against seasonal influenza, as well as against the invasive pneumococcal disease because, with the help of these vaccines, the diagnosis of Covid-19 could be made easier in the future period, in which the efficient antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccine for Covid-19 are expected with great hopes.
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the treatment of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Jovičić Jelena , Petrović Nataša , Lađević Nikola , Magdelinić Anđela , Lađević Nebojša
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The beginning of December 2019 is considered to be the beginning of infection with the new coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 - SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan, China, better known among professionals as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-19). Case report: A 42-year-old male was referred for examination due to suspicion of COVID-19. According to the patient, the symptoms started four days ago with nausea and cough, heavy breathing, and fever. During the examination, the patient was pale, breathed with difficulty, subfebrile, tachycardic, normotensive. A severe form of COVID 19 pneumonia was verified by the radiological examination. Laboratory parameters indicated the infectious syndrome and heart failure. On the first day of hospitalization, the general condition worsened: with the appearance of arrhythmia, then respiratory deterioration. The therapeutic support was provided according to the COVID-19 protocol. On the second day of hospitalization, the patient was intubated, followed by three-day mechanical ventilatory support, vasopressor stimulation of hemodynamics, double stimulation of diuresis. All steps provided vital parameter stabilization. Repeated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) testing were negative. Repeated chest x-ray indicated the significant regression of findings. A heart ultrasound was performed, which indicated a significantly reduced function of the left ventricle in comparison to the previous examination. The patient had previous cardiac co-morbidities and the cardiac surgeon gave an opinion and confirmed the need for surgical correction of aortic and mitral valves disease with the previous treatment of the infection. Two months later, reconstructive cardiac surgery was performed. Conclusion: By presenting the clinical course of the disease, diagnostic, and therapeutic approach in a patient with cardiovascular comorbidity, we wanted to point out the difficulties in recognizing the clinical picture and diagnosing COVID-19.
Technology Tips: Multiple Representations and Connections Using Technology
Authors: Embse Charles Vonder , Yoder Vernon W.
Published: October 2020

George Polya's famous four-step problem-solving method begins with understanding the problem through various means, including identifying the unknown, establishing the conditions of the problem, separating the conditions into more convenient parts, and drawing a figure or picture (Polya 1945). As a mathematics teacher, the first question I often ask students when they seek help in doing a problem is “Did you draw a picture?” Many times, the answer to my questions is “Yes, but it didn't help.” The difficulty might be that the picture representing the problem, although correct, does not really represent the dynamic nature of the problem situation. Drawing a static picture representing one state of a functional relationship does not guarantee that students will “see” how changes in the independent variable produce corresponding changes in the dependent variable. A better situation would be to draw several pictures representing various stages of the problem. An even better situation would be to draw a dynamic picture in which the drawing changes as the independent variable changes. Like the difference between a videotape of a football play and a newspaper picture of the play, a dynamic picture can be used repeatedly as a tool to investigate in detail what really happens.
Projects: Continuing the Journey toward Competency-Based Graduation
Authors: Stenglein Sharon
Published: October 2020

The May 1992 “Projects” department of the Mathematics Teacher summarizes Minnesota's move toward certifying students for high school diplomas by requiring that they demonstrate a set of competencies rather than complete courses and credits.
Activities: Investigating Polygonal Areas: Making Conjectures and Proving Theorems
Authors: Naraine Bishnu , Hoosain Emam
Published: October 2020

The ability to conjecture is one component of mathematical power. This activity, appropriate for students in grades 8 and above, ofiers students an opportunity to explore relationships between and among the areas of various polygons. In a previous activity (Naraine 1993), students were able to discover that when squares are drawn on the sides of a triangle as in figure la, the four triangles will always have the same area, irrespective of the shape of triangle ABC. Similarly, the exercises in this activity allow students to make, test, modify, and prove conjectures about the areas of the various polygons in figure lb and figure lc.
Introducing the Variable through Pattern Exploration
Authors: English Lyn D. , Warren Elizabeth A.
Published: October 2020

Variables are the basic tool for expressing generalizations. An understanding of the concept of variable is fundamental to our students' success with algebra. Yet this concept is more sophisticated than we realize and is often the stumbling block in our students' algebraic development (Leitzel 1989; NCTM 1989).
Sharing Teaching Ideas: The Dating Game
Authors: Zerger Monte J.
Published: October 2020

In a letter published in the Mathematics Teacher, Eisen (1996) discusses his custom of drawing on one or more aspects of mathematics to write the day's date in a special form for his class. I believe that this activity is a creative and effective way to cult1vate the tendency to “see” special qualities in the numbers appearing in our daily experience. The digits in a date can often be combined in a way that calls attention to an important mathematical constant or that suggests a distinctive property of a natural number. For example, Eisen mentions writing September 24 as September 4!, thus underscoring that 24 is a factorial. I also practice this bit of number play, although not on a daily basis.
Projects: The Mathematics and Science Center at the University of Kansas
Authors: Gay Susan
Published: October 2020

Helping students in their efforts to complete high school successfully and obtain a college education is the goal of the Mathematics and Science Center (MSC) at the University of Kansas (KU). Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, MSC identifies, recruits, selects, and supports high school students wjth academic potential who demonstrate an interest in pursuing a career associated with mathematics or science and who meet eligibility guidelines for participation in the project. MSC is sponsored by the KU School of Education.
Fibonacci and Pascal Together Again: Pattern Exploration in the Fibonacci Sequence
Authors: Andreasen Corey
Published: October 2020

Mathematics is, to a large extent, the study of patterns (Steen 1988). When working with students, it is sometimes beneficial to have them search for patterns where their existence is promising, such as in the Fibonacci sequence or Pascal's triangle. Many of us have explored Pascal's triangle and have seen the Fibonacci sequence within it. However, fewer of us have detected Pascal's triangle buried within the Fibonacci sequence. A small group of preservice teachers made this discovery for themselves. The mathematics required is not above the high school level. Thus high school students can make similar discoveries as they look for and examine the patterns within the Fibonacci sequence. Here is what we discovered.
Mean Machines
Authors: Flores Alfinio
Published: October 2020

One of the goals emphasized by the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989) is that students establish connections among different topics of mathematics. Having students explore alternative representations of numerical concepts and operations is one way to help them establish such connections. Nomographs and slide rules are tools that have historically been used to compute (Glenn and Johnson 1973). Teachers can invite students to think about why these devices work and to explore other mathematical concepts with them.
Solutions to Calendar
Authors: McLoughlin John Grant
Published: October 2020

Problems 1-9, 13-18, and 25 were contributed by Todd Swanson, Department of Mathematics, Hope College, Holland, MI 49422-9000. Problems 10, 11, and 19-23 were submitted by Calvin T. Long, Department of Mathematics, Northern Arizona University, P. 0. Box 5717, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5717. Problems 12 and 27-30 were prepared by Marian Small, Faculty of Education, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 6E3. Problems 24 and 26 were offered by HarrisS. Shultz, California State University, Fullerton, P. 0. Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850.
Locus of Triangle Vertices
Authors: Austin Joe Dan
Published: October 2020

Recall the following theorem: Any triangle inscribed in a circle with one side of the triangle a diameter of the circle is a right triangle. This article provides a generalization and an extension of this well- known geometry theorem.
Problem Solving with the Rule of Three
Authors: Reinford Daniel J.
Published: October 2020

A threefold approach to the study of functions has been popularized in recent years. This rule of three insists that students should regularly experience mathematics in a rich interplay of symbolic, numerical, and graphical forms, for example, formulas, tables, and figures. Symbolic manipulation has traditionally received most of the emphasis.
Can Computers Be Used to Teach Proofs?
Authors: Silver Judith A.
Published: October 2020

Proofs are a beautiful and integral part of mathematics. As nice as formulas and constructions are, they are not the heart and soul of mathematics. However, most students prefer computations; they hate proofs and may survive studying them only by copying from the “class brain.” I see a puzzle here. Most teenagers do like logical things—board games, computer games, crossword puzzles. Why not proofs? Why cannot proof making be more like a game?
Media Clips
Authors: Wood Dorothy
Published: October 2020

We Welcome and encourage submissions to this department, which will comprise resources that teachers can use immediately or file away for future use. The assignments generated by these entries may range from starters for an entire class to fullblown projects for optional individual pursuit. Each lesson, though, should help convince our students that mathematics is useful, current, and newsworthy. Please send submissions to Media Clips, Mathematics Teacher, 1906 Association Drive, Reston, VA 20191-1593.
Connecting Research to Teaching: Mentoring Beginning Teachers
Authors: Peterson Blake E. , Williams Steven R. , Dunham Penelope H.
Published: October 2020

The most crucial stage in the process of becoming a teacher occurs at the very outset, during the transition from student to student teacher to novice teacher. Many people can provide vital support to the new teacher: cooperating teachers, university supervisors, instructors of methods classes, and more experienced teachers in the school can all act as mentors. What is known about the mentoring process? What is unique to mentoring mathematics teachers? In this article we hope to outline what is known and offer some guidance for those wishing to be effective mentors.
Discuss with your colleagues: Algebra for all: A Discourse on Discourse: Wrestling with Teaching Rational Equations
Authors: Smith Cynthia Marie
Published: October 2020

The teacher's role in discourse is to initiate and orchestrate classroom interactions that contribute to students' understanding of mathematics (NCTM 1991). Establishing and maintaining this multifaceted role can be difficult. Individual differences in students, teachers. and classroom cultures make it impossible to create steadfast rules for guiding classroom practices. The shared experiences of other teachers—who are also struggling to establish an interactive classroom discourse—are becoming our most valuable resources.
Using ROOTine Problems for Group Work in Geometry
Authors: Panasuk Regina M. , Greenleaf Yvonne
Published: October 2020

How can mathematics teachers structure classroom activities so that students will be intellectually challenged? How can they create a learning environment that encourages students to communicate and reason mathematically, make decisions collaboratively, and acquire mathematics skills and concepts that they thoroughly understand? The Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (NCTM 1991) suggests that mathematics teachers need to focus on the major components of teaching: worthwhile tasks, discourse, and students' active participation and involvement. Cooperative-learning approaches offer practical classroom techniques that teachers can use to motivate all their students to learn and appreciate mathematics (Davidson 1990).
The Image of the Lithuanian Intellectual in the Youth Magazine Aušrinė (1910–1914)
Authors: Mastianica-Stankevič Olga
Published: October 2020

The magazine Aušrinė was intended for the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia and as it was created by the representatives of this generation it allowed understanding of the collective thinking of this group of society. In the first half of the twentieth century, the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia defined the intelligentsia not so much by formal characteristics as by its cultural, and, more precisely, by its national role. The collaborators of Aušrinė were convinced that the future of the Lithuanian national movement and the Lithuanian nation depended on the intelligentsia and its role. However, unlike other periodicals of the time, the editors of this magazine mostly focused not on the dissemination of ideas of Lithuanian nationalism, but looked for ways to strengthen social activism of the intellectuals, their relations with the homeland and with other sections of society. It was the environment of Aušrinė that tied student summer holidays to learning about regions, history, and culture of Lithuania, encouraged students to actively participate in the activities of farming societies, enlightenment societies, and to bring together local youth societies. In parallel, this magazine addressed the issue of the harmonisation of the individual needs of the intelligentsia and the community needs. Among other things, the collaborators of Aušrinė claimed that the Lithuanian intellectuals would not be able to properly perform their social functions unless they cared more about the nurturing of individuality: moral self-development and intellectual education. By introducing the column “Educational Affairs”, the editors of this magazine provided a list of literature recommended to the students, knowing that it would help the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia “to seriously, consciously, and consistently develop a worldview, to accurately determine the path of an active life”. The discussion in the magazine Aušrinė shows that in the vision of the nation’s future, the young generation of the Lithuanian intelligentsia encouraged regarding women not only as wives and mothers in order to implement projects of the national intelligent family, but as partners in social activities. The editors of the magazine emphasized the need for women’s participation in the process of building a national intelligentsia and encouraged them to be socially active.
La carrière managériale des Marocaines : politiques de diversité et obstacles à leur inclusion
Authors: Giraud Laurent , Sahraoui Doha , Frimousse Soufyane
Published: October 2020

Objectif de la recherche : L’objectif de cette recherche est de cerner quels sont les leviers des politiques de diversité qui pourraient se révéler particulièrement efficaces au Maroc, ainsi que d’identifier les obstacles à la carrière managériale des Marocaines.

Intérêt de la recherche : Comme les politiques de diversité proviennent de modèles de management généralement occidentaux, il se peut que des idiosyncrasies marocaines en amenuisent les impacts. L’intérêt d’une telle recherche réside dans l’identification des leviers des politiques de diversité efficaces au Maroc, un territoire qui témoigne toujours de fortes inégalités de genre, notamment dans les fonctions managériales.

Méthodologie : Les données ont été récoltées au Maroc grâce à 36 entretiens semi-directifs au sein de six entreprises et auprès de femmes managers, de Directeurs généraux et de Directeurs des ressources humaines.

Résultats : Les résultats identifient les obstacles classiques à la carrière managériale des Marocaines, ainsi que les leviers des politiques de diversité qui seraient particulièrement efficaces au Maroc.

Contributions et implications managériales : Les entreprises trouveront, dans cet article, les leviers prioritaires permettant de déployer de meilleures politiques de diversité dans un contexte marocain. Les DRH y trouveront, également, une liste des obstacles à la carrière managériale des Marocaines, ce qui devrait leur permettre de mieux les prendre en compte.

Limites : Le biais de désirabilité sociale et la taille restreinte de l’échantillon sont les principales limites de cet article.
Access to Justice for Gig Workers: Contrasting Answers from Canadian and American Courts
Authors: Coiquaud Urwana , Martin Isabelle
Published: October 2020

With the introduction of digital platforms in the Canadian labour law’s landscape comes an increased used of agreements imposing arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. To challenge their classification as independent workers and gain employment standards acts’ protection, gig workers therefore need to submit their disputes to a private proceeding, often located outside Canada. It is in this context that the Ontario Court of Appeal’s decision to invalidate the arbitration clause in Hellerv Uber Technologies Inc. must be read. Having granted leave for appeal, will the Supreme Court of Canada follow in the footsteps of American law and allow mandatory arbitration agreements to impede collective actions challenging the misclassification of gig workers? Our study of the Ontarian and American decisions regarding the validity of mandatory arbitration agreements between Uber and its drivers brings to light the determining impact of the approach chosen by courts.
Understanding of cultural-semiotic environment in the tutor’s concept of education
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to build a discourse of cultural-semiotic environment for the tutor's concept of education. In order to achieve the set task, analysis is conducted on the case from educational practice, including the author's, pertaining to discovery of a drawn image by a child. In the process of such discovery, the author differentiated three phases: formation of problematic situation, its resolution through drawing a scheme, and learning the reality with secondary objects. This material is interpreted within the framework of a new extended semiotic approach, which includes semiotics not only signs and sign systems, but also schemes, icons, symbols, and works of art. The article discusses the cultural-semiotic environment, which stimulates mental development of a young person, and in addition to semiotic means, features communication, resolution of problematic situation, and ascertainment of the structured explanation by results of the entire process. The author analyzes position of a tutor as a fundamentally different from educational position of the pedagogy of formation. The author also offers a semiotic version of the genesis of culture, in which he distinguishes three different formats ‒ actual semiotic, social, and anthropological, which impacts the formation of personality. In conclusion, the article presents a description of current situation in culture and education, as well as thoughts on the role and objectives of the tutor movement thereof.
Development Management and Project Management: Contrast or Complement?
Authors: Tikhanychev Oleg Vasilyevich
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the process of developing software for automated control systems. The object of research is the means of organizing software development. A generally recognized promising direction for increasing the efficiency of the use of organizational and technical systems is the automation of their management. A significant share of the effectiveness of any complex technical system is provided by its software. This primarily applies to the application software. The development of application programs is fraught with certain difficulties, primarily of an organizational nature. The generalized analysis showed that in world practice there is a fairly wide range of tools for organizing the program development process. These tools are proposed to be divided into two large groups with respect to the attitude to the process and the degree of detail on "project management tools" and "development controls". Each of the tools is effective for certain conditions of software development. The review article analyzes the factors affecting the effectiveness of the use of a particular tool, synthesized proposals on the expediency of using various control systems in different conditions of the development process. The analysis showed that for the conditions of the development of applied software for automated decision support systems, the most effective is the integrated use of process control automation tools.
An intelligent algorithm for creating control actions on engineering systems of intelligent buildings
Authors: Dushkin Roman , Andronov Mikhail Grigor'evich
Published: October 2020

The article describes an algorithm for generating control actions on various engineering systems of an intelligent building, individually or in combination, within the framework of intelligent control of the parameters of the internal environment of such a building. The intelligence of the algorithm is due to the possibility of its autonomous operation and adaptability in relation to the parameters of the internal environment in relation to which the monitoring and control is carried out. The article provides a brief description of the algorithm, as well as a mathematical model for the selection and application of control actions. As a research method, a set-theoretic approach to modeling management processes was adopted, as well as BPMN notation for representing algorithms. The novelty of the issue under consideration is due to the use of a functional approach for the development of an intelligent algorithm, as well as the use of methods of distributed computing and computing on terminal devices within the framework of the hybrid paradigm of artificial intelligence. The relevance of the presented model is based on the need to translate the life cycle management processes of buildings and structures into the Industry 4.0 paradigm in order to increase their degree of intelligence. The article will be of interest to scientists and engineers working in the field of automation of technological and production processes. The present work is theoretical.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Alternaria sect. Ulocladioides/Ulocladium Isolated from Citrus Fruits in Upper Egypt
Authors: Gherbawy Youssuf A. , Maghraby Thanaa A. , Fattah Karima E. Abdel , Hussein Mohamed A.
Published: October 2020

Citrus is the most important crop in Upper Egypt. 150 infected samples were collected from citrus samples (Navel orange, Tangerine and Lemon) in Upper Egypt, 50 samples from each fruit. Twenty-two isolates representing three species of Alternaria belong to A. sect. Ulocladioides and A. sect. Ulocladium were isolated on dichloran chloramphenicol- peptone agar (DCPA) medium at 27°C. Tangerine samples were more contaminated with Alternaria followed by Navel orange and no Alternaria species appeared from Lemon samples. Based on the Alt a1 the phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as Alternaria atra, Alternaria botrytis and Alternaria oudemansii. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by inoculation of healthy navel orange, the resulted data showed that all tested isolates were pathogenic to healthy navel orange with different degrees ranged from 31.5±1 - 20±1 mm and A. oudemansii had a low virulent effect. The mycotoxins ability of tested isolates indicated that about 83% of the isolates were TeA toxin producers with amount ranged from 1.54 - 18.47 ug/ml.
Digital Games and Co-Curricular Activities as the Influential Factors of Problem Solving Ability in Mathematics of Senior Secondary Students
Authors: Verma Monika , Jaiswal Vijay
Published: October 2020

This study aims to investigate digital games and co-curricular activities as the influential factors of problem solving ability in mathematics of senior secondary students. 200 students of 12th class studying mathematics were selected in sample. For the selection of sample simple random sampling was used. Data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The study revealed that digital games and co-curricular activities had main significant effect on mathematics problem solving ability of senior secondary students. This also revealed that there was significant interaction effect of digital games and co-curricular activities on mathematics problem solving ability. Thus, students’ mathematical problem solving ability was positively influenced by digital games and co-curricular activities. Mathematics related digital games improved mathematics problem solving ability. Digital games and co-curricular activities can be useful to develop interest and participation of the students in solving mathematics problems. So, their inclusion with interest significantly improved the delivery of instructions in mathematics.
Willingness to Participate and Pay into a Community- Based Health Insurance Scheme in Imesi-Ile, a Rural Community in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Esan Oluwaseun T. , Opeloye Ridwan O. , Oyeniyi Taiwo W. , Joseph Ayodele O. , Oluwalana Ifeoluwa B. , Babalola Samuel B. , Adeniji Iyanuoluwa O.
Published: October 2020

Aims: Rural dwellers are forced into a vicious circle of lack of financial risk protection to accessing non-optimal care and more poverty from its complications because out-of-pocket payment is their mainstay health care financing option. A sustainable and effective Community-based health insurance scheme will offer some respite. The study aimed to determine household heads’ willingness to participate and pay into a community-based health insurance scheme and the associated factors.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: Imesi-Ile, a rural community in Obokun Local government area of Osun state, Nigeria between July and September, 2015.

Methods: Study population were 147 of the 155 household heads selected via a multi-stage sampling technique. Quantitative data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. The household health status, level of trust and reciprocity in the community, their awareness of a community-based health insurance scheme and their willingness to participate and pay into it using the double contingent valuation method were assessed. Data was analysed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software and statistical significance determined at p<0.05.

Results: There was a low level of awareness (13.6%), but majority (87.1%) were willing to participate after being informed. Only 54(42.2%) were willing to pay ₦12,000 ($33.3). The maximum amount they were willing to pay was ₦6000 ($16.7). Younger household heads (p=0.009), males (p=0.032), earning ≥₦6000 ($16.7) monthly (p=0.006), and involved in cooperative schemes (p=0.002) were significantly more willing to participate in the scheme. While the sex of the household heads (p=0.006) and mean score on reciprocity (p=0.002) were significantly associated with paying ₦12,000 ($33.3) as premium for a household of 6 persons. The preferred frequency of payment was monthly (53.8%). 

Conclusion: The household heads in Imesi-Ile community were willing to participate and pay into the scheme. However, further studies on the feasibility and sustainability of implementation is advised.
Effect of Ocimum gratissimum L. on Growth and Egg Size of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick)
Authors: Helen Asolo Chioma , Joseph Okeke John , Elizabeth Okafor Ukamaka , Nnamdi Mmayie Francis , Valentine Okpoko Obinna
Published: October 2020

There is need to look for ingredients to be added to the poultry feed used to raise quail birds for better results on the birds and to enhance quail farming in Nigeria.

Aim: This study was carried out to conduct a twelve weeks feeding trial to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Ocimum gratissimum on growth, egg size using  two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of ten (10) birds each in a completely randomized design experiment with feeding ratio of Control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 20 g/kg; T2, 40 g/kg and T3, 60 g/kg of dried and ground Ocimum gratissimum. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period.

Results: The result obtained showed that for Weight gain (WG), Percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SRG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), the T1, (20 g/kg) had the highest values (122.56 g, 234%, 0.623 and 23.49 respectively) while T3, (60 g/kg) had the least values (81.92 g, 156%, 0.487, 34.92 respectively) as a result of weight loss. But the C, (0 g/kg) had the highest value of 9.149 for protein efficiency ratio (PER) as T3, (60 g/kg) had the least value (5.535). T2, (40 g/kg) had the highest values for mean egg weight, length, width (10.01, 8.77 and 7.81 respectively) while T1, (20 g/kg) had the least values (8.84, 7.63 and 6.70 respectively). Weight gain, feed utilization indices and egg size were the response criteria that were monitored, recorded and subjected to Anova and T-test. There were significant difference (P≤0.05) observed for mean weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, circumference of the widest point of the eggs at long axis (length) while no significant difference (P>0.05) were observed for weight of eggs and circumference of the widest point of the eggs at short axis (width).

Conclusion: From this study, quail birds fed T1, (20 g/kg) gave the results with no negative effect on the birds and can be recommended in Japanese quail diets.