bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different models to calculate the viscosity of biogas and biomethane in order to accurately measure flow rates for conformity assessment
Authors: Arrhenius Karine , Büker Oliver
Published: January 2021

The study presents an optimised method to correct flow rates measured with a LFE flowmeter pre-set on methane while used for gas mixtures of unknown composition at the time of the measurement. The method requires the correction of the flow rate using a factor based on the viscosity of the gas mixtures once the composition is accurately known. The method has several different possible applications inclusive for the sampling of biogas and biomethane onto sorbent tubes for conformity assessment for the determination of siloxanes, terpenes and VOC in general. Five models for the calculation of the viscosity of the gas mixtures were compared and the models were used for ten binary mixtures and four multi-component mixtures. The results of the evaluation of the different models showed that the correction method using the viscosity of the mixtures calculated with the model of Reichenberg and Carr showed the smallest biases for binary mixtures. For multi-component mixtures, the best results were obtained when using the models of Lucas and Carr.
Anorectal malformation with long perineal fistula: one of a special type
Authors: Li Sen , Wang Jun
Published: January 2021

The anorectal malformation with long perineal fistula is a rare anomaly in the spectrum of anorectal malformations. Aim of the study is to describe the series of patients with anorectal malformation with long perineal fistula and compare the outcome with patient with standard perineal fistula. From March 2012 to January 2019, 7 patients who suffered from anorectal malformation with long perineal fistula were retrospectively reviewed. Three were operated on primarily by our department, and 4 cases were re-operated after a perineal anoplasty repair performed elsewhere. Four were operated by laparoscopy assisted anorectoplasty, and 3 cases were repaired by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. The follow-up outcomes were compared with 71 cases of normal perineal fistula (NPF) in the same period. 7 cases have been followed up for 0.5–4 years (M = 2.57 ± 1.26) after definitive surgery. Their bowel function score was lower than normal perineal fistula (SPF = 12, range: 5–18; NPF = 18.5, range: 18–20). Four cases underwent anorectomanometry. The incidence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex was lower in the special type group. (p = 0.14). Three cases of contrast enema using barium: 2 cases of colorectal dilatation and thickening changes, 1 case showed no obvious abnormalities. Anorectal perineal fistula should be examined by distal colostogram at preoperation. This should be altered in: When suspecting a case of anorectal malformation type long perineal fistula a preoperative contrast enema could give insight of the anatomy befor performing a anoplasty.
Development of a robust hydroponic method for screening of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions for tolerance to heat and osmotic stress
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad , Gul Rao Samran , Rauf Saeed , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo , Al-Khayri Jameel Mohammed , Hussain Muhammad Mubashar , Munir Hassan , Ghaffari Mehdi , Nazir Shahid , Hussain Majid
Published: January 2021

Hydroponic systems are known to provide a platform for uniform growth conditions until the reproductive stage. However, many plant species, including sunflower, show poor growth and survivability under conventional hydroponic systems due to poor nutrient availability, hypoxia and algal contamination. Thus, we tested various hydroponic systems to select a hydroponic system suitable for screening of sunflower germplasm. Sunflower accessions showed better growth and leaf gas exchange in newly-designed over conventional hydroponic systems. Selected hydroponic systems were further engaged in sunflower accession screening under heat and osmotic stress in a two-pan system (210 cm × 60 cm). Heat stress treatment was applied by growing sunflower germplasm at 42 °C and osmotic stress by adding polyethylene glycol 8000 which decreased the osmotic potential to − 0.6 MPa. There was significant variability among the sunflower accessions for their ability to survive under stress. Accessions such as C-2721 (43%), C-291 (46%) and D-14 (43%) had lower cell membrane injury percentage under osmotic stress and high seedling survivability (60‒80%) under heat stress when compared with susceptible accessions. Moreover, resistant accessions exhibited greater cuticular waxes and root length but lower transpiration losses. The newly designed hydroponic platform proved reliable for the selection of resistant sunflower accessions. Selected parental lines were validated by assessing their hybrids under field trials across two seasons under water and temperature stress during the reproductive phase (autumn). Hybrid H3 obtained by crossing drought and heat resistant parents had the highest seed yield and water use efficiency.
Pteropods make thinner shells in the upwelling region of the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Mekkes Lisette , Renema Willem , Bednaršek Nina , Alin Simone R. , Feely Richard A. , Huisman Jef , Roessingh Peter , Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A.
Published: January 2021

Shelled pteropods are widely regarded as bioindicators for ocean acidification, because their fragile aragonite shells are susceptible to increasing ocean acidity. While short-term incubations have demonstrated that pteropod calcification is negatively impacted by ocean acidification, we know little about net calcification in response to varying ocean conditions in natural populations. Here, we examine in situ calcification of Limacina helicina pteropods collected from the California Current Ecosystem, a coastal upwelling system with strong spatial gradients in ocean carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen and temperature. Depth-averaged pH ranged from 8.03 in warmer offshore waters to 7.77 in cold CO2-rich waters nearshore. Based on high-resolution micro-CT technology, we showed that shell thickness declined by ~ 37% along the upwelling gradient from offshore to nearshore water. Dissolution marks covered only ~ 2% of the shell surface area and were not associated with the observed variation in shell thickness. We thus infer that pteropods make thinner shells where upwelling brings more acidified and colder waters to the surface. Probably the thinner shells do not result from enhanced dissolution, but are due to a decline in calcification. Reduced calcification of pteropods is likely to have major ecological and biogeochemical implications for the cycling of calcium carbonate in the oceans.
Influence of energy deficiency on the subcellular processes of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta cell for understanding Parkinsonian neurodegeneration
Authors: Muddapu Vignayanandam Ravindernath , Chakravarthy V. Srinivasa
Published: January 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative disease around the world. Although it is known that PD is caused by the loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the decisive cause of this inexorable cell loss is not clearly elucidated. We hypothesize that “Energy deficiency at a sub-cellular/cellular/systems level can be a common underlying cause for SNc cell loss in PD.” Here, we propose a comprehensive computational model of SNc cell, which helps us to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration at the subcellular level in PD. The aim of the study is to see how deficits in the supply of energy substrates (glucose and oxygen) lead to a deficit in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The study also aims to show that deficits in ATP are the common factor underlying the molecular-level pathological changes, including alpha-synuclein aggregation, reactive oxygen species formation, calcium elevation, and dopamine dysfunction. The model suggests that hypoglycemia plays a more crucial role in leading to ATP deficits than hypoxia. We believe that the proposed model provides an integrated modeling framework to understand the neurodegenerative processes underlying PD.
Pan RAS-binding compounds selected from a chemical library by inhibiting interaction between RAS and a reduced affinity intracellular antibody
Authors: Tanaka Tomoyuki , Thomas Jemima , Van Montfort Rob , Miller Ami , Rabbitts Terry
Published: January 2021

Intracellular antibodies are valuable tools for target validation studies for clinical situations such as cancer. Recently we have shown that antibodies can be used for drug discovery in screening for chemical compounds surrogates by showing that compounds could be developed to the so-called undruggable RAS protein family. This method, called Antibody-derived compound (Abd) technology, employed intracellular antibodies binding to RAS in a competitive surface plasmon resonance chemical library screen. Success with this method requires a high affinity interaction between the antibody and the target. We now show that reduction in the affinity (dematuration) of the anti-active RAS antibody facilitates the screening of a chemical library using an in vitro AlphaScreen method. This identified active RAS specific-binding Abd compounds that inhibit the RAS-antibody interaction. One compound is shown to be a pan-RAS binder to KRAS,
HRAS and NRAS-GTP proteins with a Kd of average 37 mM, offering the possibility of a new chemical series that interacts with RAS in the switch region where the intracellular antibody binds. This simple approach shows the druggability of RAS and is generally applicable to antibody-derived chemical library screening by affording flexibility through simple antibody affinity variation. This approach can be applied to find Abd compounds as surrogates of antibody-combining sites for novel drug development in a range of human diseases.
Neutrophils can promote clotting via FXI and impact clot structure via neutrophil extracellular traps in a distinctive manner in vitro
Authors: Shi Y. , Gauer J. S. , Baker S. R. , Philippou H. , Connell S. D. , Ariëns R. A. S.
Published: January 2021

Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to be involved in coagulation. However, the interactions between neutrophils or NETs and fibrin(ogen) in clots, and the mechanisms behind these interactions are not yet fully understood. In this in vitro study, the role of neutrophils or NETs on clot structure, formation and dissolution was studied with a combination of confocal microscopy, turbidity and permeation experiments. Factor (F)XII, FXI and FVII-deficient plasmas were used to investigate which factors may be involved in the procoagulant effects. We found both neutrophils and NETs promote clotting in plasma without the addition of other coagulation triggers, but not in purified fibrinogen, indicating that other factors mediate the interaction. The procoagulant effects of neutrophils and NETs were also observed in FXII- and FVII-deficient plasma. In FXI-deficient plasma, only the procoagulant effects of NETs were observed, but not of neutrophils. NETs increased the density of clots, particularly in the vicinity of the NETs, while neutrophils-induced clots were less stable and more porous. In conclusion, NETs accelerate clotting and contribute to the formation of a denser, more lysis resistant clot architecture. Neutrophils, or their released mediators, may induce clotting in a different manner to NETs, mediated by FXI.
Calcium-based phosphate binder use is associated with lower risk of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroko , Shikuma Satomi , Mandai Shintaro , Adachi Susumu , Uchida Shinichi
Published: January 2021

Loss of bone mineral density (BMD) is a substantial risk of mortality in addition to fracture in hemodialysis patients. However, the factors affecting BMD are not fully determined. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study on 321 maintenance hemodialysis patients who underwent evaluation of femoral neck BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from August 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019. We examined factors associated with osteoporosis defined by T-score of ≤  − 2.5, using logistic regression models. Median age of patients was 66 years, and 131 patients (41%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Older age, female, lower body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and higher Kt/V ratios were associated with higher osteoporosis risk. The only medication associated with lower osteoporosis risk was calcium-based phosphate binders (CBPBs) [odds ratio (OR), 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21–0.81]. In particular, CBPB reduced the osteoporosis risk within subgroups with dialysis vintage of ≥ 10 years, albumin level of < 3.5 mg/dL, active vitamin D analog use, and no proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. In conclusion, CBPB use was associated with lower osteoporosis risk in hemodialysis patients. This effect might be partially attributable to calcium supplementation, given its higher impact in users of active vitamin D analogs or non-users of PPI, which modulate calcium absorption.
Mortality and neurological outcomes in extremely and very preterm infants born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Nakamura Noriyuki , Ushida Takafumi , Nakatochi Masahiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Moriyama Yoshinori , Imai Kenji , Nakano-Kobayashi Tomoko , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kotani Tomomi ,   for the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: January 2021

To evaluate the impact of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on mortality and neurological outcomes in extremely and very preterm infants using a nationwide neonatal database in Japan. This population-based retrospective study was based on an analysis of data collected by the Neonatal Research Network of Japan from 2003 to 2015 of neonates weighing 1,500 g or less at birth, between 22 and 31 weeks’ gestation. A total of 21,659 infants were randomly divided into two groups, HDP (n = 4,584) and non-HDP (n = 4,584), at a ratio of 1:1 after stratification by four factors including maternal age, parity, weeks of gestation, and year of delivery. Short-term (neonatal period) and medium-term (3 years of age) mortality and neurological outcomes were compared between the two groups by logistic regression analyses. In univariate analysis, HDP was associated with an increased risk for in-hospital death (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.63) and a decreased risk for severe intraventricular haemorrhage (0.68; 0.53–0.87) and periventricular leukomalacia (0.60; 0.48–0.77). In multivariate analysis, HDP was significantly associated with a lower risk for in-hospital death (adjusted OR, 0.61; 0.47–0.80), severe intraventricular haemorrhage (0.47; 0.35–0.63), periventricular leukomalacia (0.59; 0.45–0.78), neonatal seizures (0.40; 0.28–0.57) and cerebral palsy (0.70; 0.52–0.95) at 3 years after adjustment for covariates including birth weight. These results were consistent with those of additional analyses, which excluded cases with histological chorioamnionitis and which divided the infants into two subgroups (22–27 gestational weeks and 28–31 gestational weeks). Maternal HDP was associated with an increased risk for in-hospital death without adjusting for covariates, but it was also associated with a lower risk for mortality and adverse neurological outcomes in extremely and very preterm infants if all covariates except HDP were identical.
Evaluation of aromatic amino acids as potential biomarkers in breast cancer by Raman spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Contorno Shaymus , Darienzo Richard E. , Tannenbaum Rina
Published: January 2021

The scope of the work undertaken in this paper was to explore the feasibility and reliability of using the Raman signature of aromatic amino acids as a marker in the detection of the presence of breast cancer and perhaps, even the prediction of cancer development in very early stages of cancer onset. To be able to assess this hypothesis, we collected most recent and relevant literature in which Raman spectroscopy was used as an analytical tool in the evaluation of breast cell lines and breast tissue, re-analyzed all the Raman spectra, and extracted all spectral bands from each spectrum that were indicative of aromatic amino acids. The criteria for the consideration of the various papers for this study, and hence, the inclusion of the data that they contained were two-fold: (1) The papers had to focus on the characterization of breast tissue with Raman spectroscopy, and (2) the spectra provided within these papers included the spectral range of 500–1200 cm−1, which constitutes the characteristic region for aromatic amino acid vibrational modes. After all the papers that satisfied these criteria were collected, the relevant spectra from each paper were extracted, processed, normalized. All data were then plotted without bias in order to decide whether there is a pattern that can shed light on a possible diagnostic classification. Remarkably, we have been able to demonstrate that cancerous breast tissues and cells decidedly exhibit overexpression of aromatic amino acids and that the difference between the extent of their presence in cancerous cells and healthy cells is overwhelming. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that it is possible to use the signature Raman bands of aromatic amino acids as a biomarker for the detection, evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Evaluation of nosocomial infections through contact patterns in a small animal hospital using social network analysis and genotyping techniques
Authors: Churak Amara , Poolkhet Chaithep , Tamura Yutaka , Sato Tomomi , Fukuda Akira , Thongratsakul Sukanya
Published: January 2021

Nosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are common health problems affecting patients in human and animal hospitals. Herein, we hypothesised that HAIs could be spread through human and animal movement, contact with veterinary medical supplies, equipment, or instruments. We used a combination of social network analysis and genotyping techniques to find key players (or key nodes) and spread patterns using Escherichia coli as a marker. This study was implemented in the critical care unit, outpatient department, operation room, and ward of a small animal hospital. We conducted an observational study used for key player determination (or key node identification), then observed the selected key nodes twice with a one-month interval. Next, surface swabs of key nodes and their connecting nodes were analysed using bacterial identification, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Altogether, our results showed that veterinarians were key players in this contact network in all departments. We found two predominant similarity clusters; dendrogram results suggested E. coli isolates from different time points and places to be closely related, providing evidence of HAI circulation within and across hospital departments. This study could aid in limiting the spread of HAIs in veterinary and human hospitals.
Physicochemical characteristics of chitosan from swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) shells prepared by subcritical water pretreatment
Authors: Hao Gengxin , Hu Yanyu , Shi Linfan , Chen Jun , Cui Aixiu , Weng Wuyin , Osako Kazufumi
Published: January 2021

The physicochemical properties of chitosan obtained from the shells of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) and prepared via subcritical water pretreatment were examined. At the deacetylation temperature of 90 °C, the yield, ash content, and molecular weight of chitosan in the shells prepared via subcritical water pretreatment were 12.2%, 0.6%, and 1187.2 kDa, respectively. These values were lower than those of shells prepared via sodium hydroxide pretreatment. At the deacetylation temperature of 120 °C, a similar trend was observed in chitosan molecular weight, but differences in chitosan yield and ash content were not remarkable. At the same deacetylation temperature, the structures of chitosan prepared via sodium hydroxide and subcritical water pretreatments were not substantially different. However, the compactness and thermal stability of chitosan prepared via sodium hydroxide pretreatment was lower than those of chitosan prepared via subcritical water pretreatment. Compared with the chitosan prepared by sodium hydroxide pretreatment, the chitosan prepared by subcritical water pretreatment was easier to use in preparing oligosaccharides, including (GlcN)2, via enzymatic hydrolysis with chitosanase. Results suggested that subcritical water pretreatment can be potentially used for the pretreatment of crustacean shells. The residues obtained via this method can be utilized to prepare chitosan.
Comparison of water-use characteristics of tropical tree saplings with implications for forest restoration
Authors: Andriyas Tushar , Leksungnoen Nisa , Tor-ngern Pantana
Published: January 2021

Tropical forests are experiencing reduced productivity and will need restoration with suitable species. Knowledge of species-specific responses to changing environments during early stage can help identify the appropriate species for sustainable planting. Hence, we investigated the variability in whole-tree canopy conductance and transpiration (Gt and EL) in potted saplings of common urban species in Thailand, viz., Pterocarpus indicus, Lagerstroemia speciosa, and Swietenia macrophylla, across wet and dry seasons in 2017–2018. Using a Bayesian modeling framework, Gt and EL were estimated from sap flux density, informed by the soil, atmospheric and tree measurements. Subsequently, we evaluated their variations with changing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture across timescales and season. We found that Gt and EL were higher and highly variable in L. speciosa across seasons than S. macrophylla and P. indicus. Our results implied that water-use in these species was sensitive to seasonal VPD. L. speciosa may be suitable under future climate variability, given its higher Gt and EL across atmospheric and soil moisture conditions. With their lower Gt and EL, P. indicus and S. macrophylla may photosynthesize throughout the year, maintaining their stomatal opening even under high VPD. These findings benefit reforestation and reclamation programs of degraded lands.
A special acute care surgery model for dealing with dilemmas involved in emergency department in China
Authors: Xu Dequan , Yin Yue , Hou Limin , Zhou Haoxin
Published: January 2021

There was a fast growth in the number and the formation of emergency department (ED) visits in China during the twenty-first century. As a result, engaging special medical model will be essential to decompressing the ED visits. To do this, it will be important to understand which specific aspects to focus interventions on for the greatest impact. To characterize the emergency surgery patients who were seen and discharged from ED. Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized emergency surgery patients currently under the care from specialists presenting to an urban, university affiliated hospital between 01 January 2018 and 1 January 2019. This study will highlight some of the controversies and challenges and key lessons learned. During the study period there were 231,229 ED visits; 4100 of these patients were admitted for Acute care surgery (ACS) service. Multivariate analysis identified age ≧ 65 (p = 0.023; odds ratio, OR = 2.66), ACS model (p = 0.000, OR = 0.18), ICU stay (p = 0.000, OR = 118.73) as factors associated with in-hospital mortality. There was a increase in length of stay between young and elderly postoperative patients when stratifying patients by age (11.67 ± 9.48 vs 13.95 ± 9.11 p < 0.05). ED overcrowding is not just an ED problem. ED overcrowding is a systems problem requiring a systematic facility-wide multidisciplinary response. Continuous and high-quality surveillance data across China are needed to estimate the acute care surgery model which used to deal with ED overcrowding.
Characteristics and resolution of hypertension in obese African American bariatric cohort
Authors: Gandotra Charu , Basam Motahar , Mahajan Ankit , Ngwa Julius , Ortega Gezzer , Tran Daniel , Fullum Terrence M. , Sherif Zaki A.
Published: January 2021

Weight reduction continues to be first-line therapy in the treatment of hypertension (HTN). However, the long-term effect of bariatric malabsorptive surgical techniques such as Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery in the management of hypertension (HTN) is less clear. African Americans (AA) are disproportionately affected by obesity and hypertension and have inconsistent outcomes after bariatric surgery (BS). Despite a plethora of bariatric literature, data about characteristics of a predominantly AA bariatric hypertensive cohort including hypertension in obese (HIO) are scarce and underreported. The aims of this study were, (1) to describe the preoperative clinical characteristics of HIO with respect to HTN status and age, and (2) to identify predictors of HTN resolution one year after RYGB surgery in an AA bariatric cohort enrolled at the Howard University Center for Wellness and Weight Loss Surgery (HUCWWS). In the review of 169 AA bariatric patients, the average BMI was 48.50 kg/m2 and the average age was 43.86 years. Obese hypertensive patients were older (46 years vs. 37.89 years; p < .0001); had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM, 43.09% vs. 10.87%; p < .0001) and dyslipidemia (38.2% vs. 13.04%; p 0.002). Hypertensive AA who were taking ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to RYGB were 18 times less likely to experience HTN resolution compared to hypertensive AA taking 0–1 medications, who showed full or partial response. Also, HIO was less likely to resolve after RYGB surgery in patients who needed ≥ 2 antihypertensive medications prior to surgical intervention.
Co-administration of lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine induces genotoxicity in mouse liver
Authors: Dong Wenjing , Song Erqun , Song Yang
Published: January 2021

The acute liver injury (ALI) and hepatic fibrosis caused by the co-treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN) have been extensively studied. However, whether LPS/D-GalN are genotoxic has been left unknown. In this study, male mice were divided into eight groups with eight animals in each group. For acute challenge of LPS/D-GalN, the mice in each group received a combination of LPS/D-GalN via intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 25 μg/kg/250 mg/kg, 25 μg/kg/500 mg/kg, or 50 μg/kg/500 mg/kg body weight. An additional group for chronic administration of test compounds was conducted by i.p. injection of LPS/D-GalN (10 μg/kg/100 mg/kg) every other day for 8 weeks. Saline solution (0.9%) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) (50 mg/kg body weight) given by i.p. injection was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. The results of single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay indicated that acute exposure of the mice to LPS/D-GalN caused severe DNA damage in hepatic cells, but not in the brain, sperm or bone marrow cells, which evidenced the genotoxicity of LPS/D-GalN administrated in combination. Interestingly, the chronic administration of LPS/D-GalN triggered significant genotoxic effects not only in hepatic but also in brain cells, with negative results in sperm and bone marrow cells. Histopathological examination in the liver and brain tissues revealed changes consistent with the SCGE results. The present study indicates genotoxic potential of LPS/D-GalN co-administered in mice, which may serve as an in vivo experimental model for relevant genotoxic study.
Risk factors for low adherence to methylphenidate treatment in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Ishizuya Asami , Enomoto Minori , Tachimori Hisateru , Takahashi Hidehiko , Sugihara Genichi , Kitamura Shingo , Mishima Kazuo
Published: January 2021

Poor adherence is a major concern in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study was to evaluate factors linked to early interruption of and low adherence to treatment with osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) in pediatric patients with ADHD. A total of 1353 young people (age 6–17 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD who newly started OROS-MPH were extracted from the pharmacoepidemiological data of 3 million people in Japan. The cohort was retrospectively surveyed every month for 12 months. Ten possible risk factors were extracted from the data and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the robustness of the analysis. The results revealed that treatment adherence was generally poor, with a tendency for discontinuation in the early stage. Multivariable logistic regression results showed that adherence is reduced by female sex, lower starting dose, and concomitant atomoxetine or hypnotics. These findings may help clinicians to predict the risk of poor adherence in the early stage of treatment and improve not only patients’ symptoms, but also their quality of life.
Characteristics of strokes associated with centrifugal flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Inamullah Ovais , Chiang Yuting P. , Bishawi Muath , Weiss Martin , Lutz Michael W. , Blue Laura J. , Feng Wayne , Milano Carmelo A. , Luedke Matthew , Husseini Nada El
Published: January 2021

Stroke is a devastating complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. Understanding the characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of strokes associated with the centrifugal flow LVADs is important to devise better strategies for management and prevention. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single US academic medical center. The cohort includes patients who received a first time Heartmate 3 (HM3) or Heartware (HVAD) LVAD between September 2009 through February 2018 and had a stroke while the LVAD was in place. Descriptive statistics were used when appropriate. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of poor outcome. Out of a total of 247 patients, 12.1% (N = 30, 24 HVAD and 6 HM3) had a stroke (63% ischemic) and 3 of these patients had pump thrombosis. Events per patient year (EPPY) were similar for HVAD and HM3 patients (0.3 ± 0.1). INR was subtherapeutic in 47.4% of ischemic stroke patients and supratherapeutic in 18.2% of hemorrhagic stroke patients. Concurrent infections were more common in the setting of hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke (45.4% vs 5.3%, p = 0.008). Strokes were severe in most cases, with initial NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) higher in HM3 patients compared to HVAD patients (mean 24.6 vs 16) and associated with high in-patient mortality (21.1% of ischemic stroke vs. 88.8% of hemorrhagic stroke). Predictors of death within 30 days and disability at 90 days included creatinine at stroke onset, concurrent infection, hemorrhaghic stroke, and initial stroke severity (NIHSS). A score derived from these variables predicted with 100% certainty mortality at 30 days and mRS ≥ 4 at 90 days. For patients with centrifugal flow LVADs, ischemic strokes were more common but hemorrhagic strokes were associated with higher in-patient mortality and more frequently seen in the setting of concurrent infections. Infections, sub or supratherapeutic INR range, and comorbid cardiovascular risk factors may all be contributing to the stroke burden. These findings may inform future strategies for stroke prevention in this population.
Author Correction: A framework for in situ molecular characterization of coral holobionts using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Carradec Quentin , Poulain Julie , Boissin Emilie , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Voolstra Christian R. , Ziegler Maren , Engelen Stefan , Cruaud Corinne , Planes Serge , Wincker Patrick
Published: January 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions
Authors: Du Wei , Dada Lubna , Zhao Jian , Chen Xueshun , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Xie Conghui , Wang Weigang , He Yao , Cai Jing , Yao Lei , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Qingqing , Xu Weiqi , Wang Yuying , Tang Guiqian , Cheng Xueling , Kokkonen Tom V. , Zhou Wei , Yan Chao , Chu Biwu , Zha Qiaozhi , Hakala Simo , Kurppa Mona , Järvi Leena , Liu Yongchun , Li Zhanqing , Ge Maofa , Fu Pingqing , Nie Wei , Bianchi Federico , Petäjä Tuukka , Paasonen Pauli , Wang Zifa , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku , Sun Yele
Published: January 2021

The role of new particle formation (NPF) events and their contribution to haze formation through subsequent growth in polluted megacities is still controversial. To improve the understanding of the sources, meteorological conditions, and chemistry behind air pollution, we performed simultaneous measurements of aerosol composition and particle number size distributions at ground level and at 260 m in central Beijing, China, during a total of 4 months in 2015–2017. Our measurements show a pronounced decoupling of gas-to-particle conversion between the two heights, leading to different haze processes in terms of particle size distributions and chemical compositions. The development of haze was initiated by the growth of freshly formed particles at both heights, whereas the more severe haze at ground level was connected directly to local primary particles and gaseous precursors leading to higher particle growth rates. The particle growth creates a feedback loop, in which a further development of haze increases the atmospheric stability, which in turn strengthens the persisting apparent decoupling between the two heights and increases the severity of haze at ground level. Moreover, we complemented our field observations with model analyses, which suggest that the growth of NPF-originated particles accounted up to ∼60% of the accumulation mode particles in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area during haze conditions. The results suggest that a reduction in anthropogenic gaseous precursors, suppressing particle growth, is a critical step for alleviating haze although the number concentration of freshly formed particles (3–40 nm) via NPF does not reduce after emission controls.
Preparation and evaluation of photo-responsive hollow SnO2 molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective recognition of kaempferol
Authors: Sun Yun , Yin Xiaoying , Zhang Lin , Cao Menghui
Published: January 2021

We prepared a novel photo-responsive hollow structured molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective recognition of kaempferol. The PHMIPs can release and uptake KAE under the irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light.
Bifunctional scaffolds of hydroxyapatite/poly(dopamine)/carboxymethyl chitosan with osteogenesis and anti-osteosarcoma effect
Authors: Yao Mengyu , Zou Qingxia , Zou Wenwu , Xie Zhenze , Li Zhihao , Zhao Xiujuan , Du Chang
Published: January 2021

Bifunctional scaffolds prepared by hydroxyapatite/poly(dopamine)/carboxymethyl chitosan with good osteogenesis and anti-osteosarcoma effect is promising for bone tumor therapy.
Biomaterial screening of protein coatings and peptide additives: towards a simple synthetic mimic of a complex natural coating for a bio-artificial kidney
Authors: van Gaal Ronald C. , Vrehen Annika F. , van Sprang Johnick F. , Fransen Peter-Paul K. H. , van Turnhout Mark C. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: January 2021

A bis-urea biomaterial additive library was generated via a DoE approach. Comparison with a protein coating library revealed that simple catechol additives can replace a complex coating to create a living membrane for a bio-artificial kidney.
Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over Cu-exchanged CHA, GME, and AFX zeolites: a density functional theory study
Authors: Zhao Pei , Boekfa Bundet , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Ogura Masaru , Ehara Masahiro
Published: January 2021

Density functional theory calculations have been applied to study the selectivity caused by the cage size during the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 over the Cu-exchanged zeolites with cha, gme, and aft cages.
Plastic particles in soil: state of the knowledge on sources, occurrence and distribution, analytical methods and ecological impacts
Authors: Okoffo Elvis D. , O'Brien Stacey , Ribeiro Francisca , Burrows Stephen D. , Toapanta Tania , Rauert Cassandra , O'Brien Jake W. , Tscharke Benjamin J. , Wang Xianyu , Thomas Kevin V.
Published: January 2021

Increased production and use of plastics has resulted in growth in the amount of plastic debris accumulating in the environment, potentially fragmenting into smaller pieces.
In situ monitoring of triclosan in environmental water with subnanomolar detection limits using eco-friendly electrochemical sensors modified with cyclodextrins
Authors: Safwat Nardine , Mahmoud Amr M. , Abdel-Ghany Maha F. , Ayad Miriam F.
Published: January 2021

The environmental emergence of unexpected contaminants has gained the attention of the scientific community.
S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NAC–SNO) vs. nitrite as an anti-clostridial additive for meat products
Authors: Shpaizer Adi , Kanner Joseph , Tirosh Oren
Published: January 2021

NAC–SNO is an efficient preservative against Clostridium spore germination, and under the same conditions and concentrations generates much less methaemoglobin and detectable N-nitrosoamines in the blood, in vivo.
Stable lead-halide perovskite quantum dots as efficient visible light photocatalysts for organic transformations
Authors: Pradhan Sajan , Bhujel Deshaj , Gurung Bikram , Sharma Debesh , Basel Siddhant , Rasaily Sagarmani , Thapa Surakcha , Borthakur Sukanya , Ling Wai Li , Saikia Lakshi , Reiss Peter , Pariyar Anand , Tamang Sudarsan
Published: January 2021

Lead halide perovskite (LHP) based colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have tremendous potential for photocatalysis due to their exceptional optical properties.
Few-layer In4/3P2Se6 nanoflakes for high detectivity photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Hongxiao , Yan Yong , Song Xiaohui , Ma Zinan , Tian Tian , Jiang Yurong , Li Xueping , Xia Congxin , Li Jingbo
Published: January 2021

Few-layer In4/3P2Se6 nanoflakes were exfoliated and exhibit an excellent optoelectronic detection-performance.
Electron cloud migration effect-induced lithiophobicity/lithiophilicity transformation for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes
Authors: Zou Wenyuan , Li Qianyao , Zhu Zhe , Du Lulu , Cai Xinyin , Chen Yiming , Zhang Gang , Hu Song , Gong Feilong , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang
Published: January 2021

A Cu–Ni bimetallic coating was synthesised by an electroplating method. With this design, the Cu–Ni bimetallic coating achieves significant improvements in the cycling life (>1500 hours) and coulombic efficiency (99.46%).
Ultrathin amorphous iron-doped cobalt-molybdenum hydroxide nanosheets for advanced oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Zeng Lingjian , Cao Binbin , Wang Xin , Liu Haidong , Shang Jingrui , Lang Jianping , Cao Xueqin , Gu Hongwei
Published: January 2021

Amorphous iron-doped cobalt-molybdenum ultrathin hydroxide (Fe-CoMo UH) nanosheets are fabricated by a controllable process, and exhibit excellent an OER catalytic performance.
Machine learning glass transition temperature of polyacrylamides using quantum chemical descriptors
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: January 2021

Polyacrylamides glass transition temperature predictions from different models, where the GPR model is from the current study. The GPR model based on quantum chemical descriptors shows a high degree of accuracy.
Challenges and strategies of zinc anode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: He Weixin , Zuo Shiyong , Xu Xijun , Zeng Liyan , Liu Li , Zhao Weiming , Liu Jun
Published: January 2021

The obstacles of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion and passivation of the zinc anode seriously restrict the cycling stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries which possess high safety and low cost.
A novel three-component reaction for constructing indolizine-containing aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides
Authors: Chen Hong-Ru , Hu Zhen-Yu , Qin Hua-Li , Tang Haolin
Published: January 2021

A copper-catalyzed three-component reaction for transforming quinolines, isoquinolines and pyridines to a class of indolizine-containing alkyl sulfonyl fluorides was developed.
Roles of hydroxyl and carbonate radicals in bisphenol a degradation via a nanoscale zero-valent iron/percarbonate system: influencing factors and mechanisms
Authors: Xiao Yulun , Liu Xiang , Huang Ying , Kang Wei , Wang Zhen , Zheng Han
Published: January 2021

Both ˙OH and CO3˙− participated in the degradation of BPA in the nZVI/SPC system, and ˙OH was the main radical.
Production of modified sunflowers seed shells for the removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Hayoun Bahdja , Bourouina-Bacha Saliha , Pazos Marta , Sanromán Ma Angeles , Benkhennouche-Bouchene Hayette , Deflaoui Ourida , Hamaidi-Maouche Nassima , Bourouina Mustapha
Published: January 2021

In this present study, an abundant, available lignocellulosic biomass, sunflower seed shells, SSS, was used as a precursor to prepare an effective eco-adsorbent by treatment with H2SO4(AC75).
Identification of aldehyde oxidase 3 as a binding protein for squid ink polysaccharides using magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Zhen , Tan Xiaohui , Li Fangping , Zhang Yu , Luo Ping , Lin Xuan , Liu Huazhong
Published: January 2021

Superparamagnetic nanometer beads bonding SIP was employed to pull down the binding protein from the liver of mouse, which was identified as aldehyde oxidase 3. By means of enzyme kinetics analysis, SIP was found to activate AOX3 enzyme activity.
The solid-state physicochemical properties and biogas production of the anaerobic digestion of corn straw pretreated by microwave irradiation
Authors: Wang Chao , Shao Zhijiang , Qiu Ling , Hao Wei , Qu Qiang , Sun Guotao
Published: January 2021

After microwave pretreatment, the physicochemical properties of corn straw changed significantly. The lateral order index reduced and the crystallinity index and crystallite size increased with microwave temperature.
Piezoelectric property comparison of two-dimensional ZnO nanostructures for energy harvesting devices
Authors: Yang Ang , Qiu Yu , Yang Dechao , Lin Kehong , Guo Shiying
Published: January 2021

In this paper, experimental and theoretical studies of the piezoelectric effect of two-dimensional ZnO nanostructures, including straight nanosheets (SNSs) and curved nanosheets (CNSs) are conducted.
A quinoxaline-based porous organic polymer containing copper nanoparticles CuNPs@Q-POP as a robust nanocatalyst toward C–N coupling reaction
Authors: Gorginpour Forough , Zali-Boeini Hassan , Rudbari Hadi Amiri
Published: January 2021

A novel efficient catalyst for the Ullmann C–N coupling reaction has been developed.
Pseudo-octahedral nickel(ii) complexes of strongly absorbing benzannulated pincer-type amido ligands: ligand-based redox and non-Aufbau electronic behaviour
Authors: Braun Jason D. , Lozada Issiah B. , Shepit Michael , van Lierop Johan , Herbert David E.
Published: January 2021

The synthesis, structures and electronic characterization of three strongly coloured, pseudo-octahedral Ni(ii) complexes supported by redox-active diarylamido ligands featuring benzannulated N-heterocyclic donor arms are reported.
Sterically constrained tricyclic phosphine: redox behaviour, reductive and oxidative cleavage of P–C bonds, generation of a dilithium phosphaindole as a promising synthon in phosphine chemistry
Authors: Brand Alexander , Schulz Stephen , Hepp Alexander , Weigand Jan J. , Uhl Werner
Published: January 2021

Sterically constrained tricyclic phosphines with annulated five- and six-membered rings show fascinating chemical and redox reactivity as indicated by sophisticatedin situUV-vis CV and multi-pulse chronoamperometry.
Alternate cycles of CO2 storage and in situ hydrogenation to CH4 on Ni–Na2CO3/Al2O3: influence of promoter addition and calcination temperature
Authors: Bermejo-López Alejandro , Pereda-Ayo Beñat , González-Marcos José A. , González-Velasco Juan R.
Published: January 2021

Ni–Na2CO3 DFMs are synthesized and calcined at different temperatures. Low quantities of promoters (La, Co, Fe, Ca, Ce, Ru, Pd and Mn) were added to the DFMs. 10% Ni–10% Na2CO3(1%Ru)/Al2O3 presents the highest CH4 production with high selectivity.
Exploring the nature of the fergusonite–scheelite phase transition and ionic conductivity enhancement by Mo6+doping in LaNbO4
Authors: Auckett Josie E. , Lopez-Odriozola Laura , Clark Stewart J. , Evans Ivana Radosavljevic
Published: January 2021

Experimental and theoretical evidence points to first-order character of the fergusonite–scheelite transition in LaNbO4, and dopant Mo6+and interstitial O2−defects exhibit competing effects on local oxide ion mobility.
Metal–organic framework-derived carbon as a positive electrode for high-performance vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Ma Lianbo , Yi Zhibin , Zhao Yunhe , Mao Jiatao , Yang Shida , Ruan Wenqing , Xiao Diwen , Mubarak Nauman , Wu Junxiong , Zhao Tian-Shou , Chen Qing , Kim Jang-Kyo
Published: January 2021

Perforated carbon platelets are fabricated as a high-performance positive electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries.
Polyaddition enabled functional polymer/inorganic hybrid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Guang , Song Yaduo , Deng Longjiang
Published: January 2021

Solid hybrid electrolytes synthesized through polyaddition with excellent electrochemical properties and self-healing ability are developed for all-solid-state Li metal batteries.
Optimizing the oxygen reduction catalytic activity of a bipyridine-based polymer through tuning the molecular weight
Authors: Wang Binbin , Song Weichen , Li Daohao , Long Xiaojing , Xia Yanzhi
Published: January 2021

We report a novel approach to tune the catalytic activity of a linear conjugated polymer by regulating the molecular weight. The polymer with high Mn exhibits improved ORR catalytic activity.
Controllable porous membrane actuator by gradient infiltration of conducting polymers
Authors: Yim Ju Eun , Lee Seung Heon , Jeong Seongpil , Zhang Kai A. I. , Byun Jeehye
Published: January 2021

A magic carpet infiltration coating of a conducting polymer on a porous membrane brings structural anisotropy across the membrane, making an organic molecule-driven soft actuator.
Biodegradable methacrylated casein for cardiac tissue engineering applications
Authors: Sali Sonali Sudhir , Gould Maree L. , Qasim Muhammad , Ali M. Azam
Published: January 2021

Novel chemical modification of dissolved air floatation casein and commercial milk for potential applications in cardiac tissue engineering.
The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial efficacy optimized with cellular apoptosis on multi-functional polyurethane sealers for the root canal treatment
Authors: Lei Xiaoyu , Wang Jian , Chen Jie , Gao Jing , Zhang Jinzheng , Zhao Qing , Tang Jiajing , Fang Wei , Li Jidong , Li Yubao , Zuo Yi
Published: January 2021

Combined with a series of antibacterial tests and the genetic assessment of the apoptotic pathway, an evaluation system has been rationalized to govern the fate of the different compositions of PU-based sealers.
Surface modification of intraocular lenses via photodynamic coating for safe and effective PCO prevention
Authors: Tang Junmei , Liu Sihao , Han Yuemei , Wang Rui , Xia Jiayi , Chen Hao , Lin Quankui
Published: January 2021

Photodynamic coating was designed on the IOL surface via supramolecular self-assembly of α-CD-Ce6 and PPEGMA brushes. Such IOLs can reduce the incidence of posterior capsular opacification after implantation effectively and safely.
Aniline–pyrrole copolymers formed on single-walled carbon nanotubes with enhanced thermoelectric performance
Authors: Lu Wentao , Yin Sixing , Wu Xin , Luo Qunyi , Wang Erqiang , Cui Lijie , Guo Cun-Yue
Published: January 2021

Poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) formed on SWCNTs via electropolymerization affords a greatly enhanced power factor of 111.4 ± 3.2 μW m−1 K−2 at room temperature.