bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing DSA parameters for enhanced radiation safety in interventional surgery
Authors: Zeng XunJin , Wang Hao , Chen Guang
Published: February 2025

Objective

The study aims to establish a reliable method for reducing radiation dose by analyzing variations in radiation dose from digital subtraction machines (DSA).

Methods

The study investigates changes in bed plate height (80–110 cm), detection height (0–30 cm), visual field size (6 × 6 inches and 12 × 12 inches), and radiation doses affecting various body parts, including the lens, thyroid, chest, gonads, and lower limbs. Radiation doses were measured using Raysafe X2 dosimetry for patients and AT1123 meter for operators.

Results

Compared to ordinary fluoroscopy, the low-dose fluoroscopy mode reduced the patient's radiation dose by 50.8% (from 13.2 to 6.5 mGy/min) and the operator's scattered radiation dose by 25–34% (lens dose reduced from 0.72 to 0.47 mGy). In photographic mode, the radiation dose was 3–4 times higher than in ordinary fluoroscopy (e.g., 53.9 vs. 13.2 mGy/min). Raising the bed plate height from 80 to 110 cm reduced the patient's direct radiation dose by 45.5% (from 24.2 to 13.2 mGy/min). The correct application of protective devices reduced the operator's scattering radiation by more than 10 times (e.g., gonads dose reduced from 4.07 to 0.41 mGy).

Conclusion

Selecting the appropriate bed plate (90–100 cm) and detector height (10–20 cm), along with an optimal visual field (6 × 6 inches), can effectively reduce radiation doses for both patients and operators. The proper use of protective devices in peripheral interventional surgery is crucial for reducing scatter radiation, with reductions exceeding 90% in some cases.
Feed supplementation with potentiated zinc and/or tannin-rich extracts reduces ETEC infection severity and antimicrobial resistance genes in pig
Authors: Ollagnier Catherine , Mellino Maria-Rita , Pradervand Nicolas , Tretola Marco , Dubois Sebastien , Durosoy Stephane , Desrues Olivier , Bellon Johana
Published: February 2025

Most antimicrobials used in pig production are prescribed to treat post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), which constitutes a major health issue in pig production. With the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, finding solutions to diminish the severity of PWD without antibiotics has become increasingly critical. Potentiated forms of zinc oxide (ZnO) and plant-based bioactive compounds like tannins have been shown to alleviate the severity of diarrhea, thus reducing the need for antibiotic treatment. The aim of this project was to test whether a potentiated form of ZnO (pZnO), alone (study 1) or in combination with tannin-rich extract (study 2), can be used in starter diets for weaned piglets infected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to reduce PWD severity. At 26 ± 1.6 days of age (average body weight 7.8 ± 1.02 kg), 160 piglets (study 1, n = 72; study 2, n = 88) were randomly and equally assigned to four dietary treatments (study 1 = 18; study 2 = 22 pigs/group) and orally infected 4 days after weaning with a solution containing 1010 ETEC F4. Study 1 compared the effect of 150 mg Zn/kg pZnO (pZnO-150) and 300 mg Zn/kg pZnO (pZnO-300) to a negative control (C) and a positive control, 3,000 mg Zn/kg ZnO (C-3000). In study 2, a combination of 7.5 g/kg tannin extract (quebracho and chestnut) and 150 mg Zn/kg pZnO (TAN+pZnO-150) was compared to pZnO-150 and 7.5 g/kg tannin-rich extract (TAN) alone and to a negative control (C). The fecal score, bodyweight, daily food intake per pen, fecal F4 ETEC and Zn levels were analyzed. The small intestine content was sampled 9 days after infection to analyze the number of antimicrobial resistance genes. Regardless of the inclusion level, TAN+pZnO-150, TAN and pZnO led to a reduction in antibiotic treatment (p < 0.05), but only TAN and TAN+pZnO-150 reduced the fecal score (p < 0.05). C-3000 improved the average daily gain (p < 0.05). Tannin-rich extract and potentiated zinc oxide (pZnO) in starter diets effectively reduce the need for antibiotics in ETEC-challenged piglets. Traditional high-dose ZnO improved growth rates, but lower-dose alternatives with tannins provided health benefits without high zinc levels. These findings highlight sustainable dietary strategies to manage post-weaning diarrhea, supporting reduced antibiotic use in pig production.
Local Heat Transfer Analysis of Dual Sweeping Jet, Double Sweeping Jets, and Double Circular Jets Impinging at a Flat Surface
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Ren Feng , Wen Xin
Published: February 2025

A sweeping jet is commonly preferred over a steady jet owing to its ability to better cool the region away from the strong core of an impinging jet. For industrial applications, it is important to study the thermal fields of oscillating jets in a multi-jet configuration to focus on the region that falls between the two consecutive fluidic oscillators and, hence, suggest a mechanism to uniformly cool the targeted flat surface. A comparative experimental study of dual sweeping jets (DSJs), double sweeping jets (DbSJs), and double circular jets (DbCJs) was conducted at different jet-to-plate spacings, various Re numbers, and three aspect ratios. The multi-circular and sweeping jets were impinged on a flat hot surface, which was heated at a constant flux of current, and thermocouples were employed to efficiently collect the time-averaged heat transfer distribution along the sweeping and transverse directions. It was determined that heat transfer, in terms of the Nusselt number, generally increased with increasing Re number and reduced the jet-to-wall spacing for the DSJ, DbSJ, and DbCJ, with some minor exceptions. The relative performance of these fluidic devices suggested that the best performance of DSJ was at small spacing and higher Re, DbSJ at moderate spacing and lower Re, and DbCJ at moderate spacing and moderate Re. The mutual comparison showed that along the sweeping motion, in the central region, DbCJ was better than both DSJ and DbSJ; in the right region, DSJ performance was far better than DbCJ and DbSJ; in the left region, DSJ was better than DbSJ when comparing the respective centers of DSJ and DbSJ. The dominance of DSJ over DbSJ at the centers of their respective bodies even extends in the transverse direction. Finally, for higher aspect ratios, the DSJ performed better in the outer regions, while the DbSJ performed well in the central region. Similarly, for both DSJ and DbSJ unanimously, the effect of changing the aspect ratio is interesting as initially, the Nu values increase for a higher aspect ratio, but by increasing the AR further, it causes a divergence of the fluidic volume from the central region to the surrounding region.
Analysis of Flutter Characteristics for Composite Laminates in Hypersonic Yawed Flow
Authors: Cao Shuang , Guo Tongqing , Wu Jiangpeng , Zhou Di , Shen Ennan
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the flutter characteristics of composite laminates in hypersonic yawed flow using numerical simulations. The governing equations are derived based on Hamilton’s principle and were discretized using the assumed mode method. The unsteady aerodynamic force is calculated by using the piston theory, including the influence of the yaw angle. Several laminate models are designed to study the effects of the stacking sequence, thickness ratio, and fiber orientation on the critical dynamic pressure and the amplitude of the limit cycle oscillation. Numerical results show that positioning the material with higher stiffness on the upper layer can lead to a higher critical dynamic pressure and a smaller amplitude of the limit cycle oscillation. In the case of large yaw angles, increasing the thickness of the material with larger stiffness can clearly suppress the amplitude of the limit cycle oscillation. Fiber orientation symmetry to the x-axis can improve the flight stability with the change in the yaw angle.
Effect of Stem Elongation Waterlogging on Wheat Grain Yield, Grain Traits, and Quality of Chinese Southern-Type Steamed Bread
Authors: Yu Fengcun , Fan Xiaojie , Yuan Hongwei
Published: February 2025

In this study, the effect of waterlogging stress at the stem elongation stage on the wheat grain yield, grain traits, and quality of Chinese southern-type steamed bread was investigated in a field experiment using three winter wheat varieties (Aikang 58, Yannong 19, and Huaimai 44). Waterlogging stress significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the grain yields of the three wheat varieties, and Aikang 58 was the most tolerant variety, achieving a 90.8% yield compared with that of the control (normal irrigation). A grain component analysis showed that waterlogging significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and amylopectin to amylose in wheat grain. A Mixolab analysis showed that waterlogging significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the dough development time; stability; and C2, C3, C4, and C5 values of the three wheat varieties. A steamed bread-making test showed that steamed bread made from Aikang 58 under waterlogging conditions showed a lighter color, a higher specific volume, and a lower hardness than that made from Yannong 19 and Huaimai 44 under waterlogging conditions. Overall, waterlogging showed different effects on the wheat grain and steamed bread qualities in the three wheat varieties, with Aikang 58 exerting the best performance under waterlogging conditions.
Evaluation of Combination Fungicides for Charcoal Rot and Collar Rot Management in Soybean
Authors: Rajput Laxman Singh , Shaikh Mohammad Samio , Borah Munmi , Kumar Sanjeev , Nataraj Vennampally , Shivakumar Maranna , Maheshwari Hemant Singh , Pathak Kriti , Gupta Aman , Goswami Divyanshu , Keerthi Pinnamwar , Kumar Sumit , Jadon Kuldeep Singh
Published: February 2025

Soil-borne diseases, including charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) and collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), threaten global soybean production. Four fungicide combinations were tested as seed treatments at three concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2 g or ml per kg of seed) under controlled conditions to address the challenges posed by these diseases. Under controlled conditions, the combination of thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin at a rate of 2 mL/kg of seed significantly alleviated disease symptoms caused by both pathogens. Additionally, it enhanced shoot and root weights by over 50% in plants affected by S. rolfsii. Field trials were conducted for two years at two distinct locations to assess the efficacy of three selected combination seed treatment fungicides against M. phaseolina and S. rolfsii. Both inoculated and uninoculated controls were included for the comparison. Among the fungicides, thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin + penflufen proved the most effective for suppressing both diseases under epiphytotic field conditions across the years and locations. This study also highlighted the benefits of these chemical combinations in enhancing agronomic traits, maintaining yield, and ensuring the economic viability of soybeans.
Monitoring Pig Structural Soundness and Body Weight in Pork Production Systems Using Computer Vision Approaches
Authors: Jeon Ryan , Rykaczewski Caleb , Williams Thomas , Harrington William , Kinder James E. , Trotter Mark
Published: February 2025

As the global demand for products from food-producing animals increases with greater household economic capacity, there is an increased emphasis on the development of precision technologies for monitoring the health, product production, and wellbeing of these animals. The present review focuses on pork production. Using these systems is advantageous for enhancing pork production efficiency when trained personnel utilize these technologies to full capacity and have objective, automated, and uninterrupted streams of data collection. While these systems have great potential for revolutionizing food animal production, the nascent stage of computer vision in precision technology has precluded its integration into traditional agricultural practices and systems. In this review paper, there is a focus on the need to (1) evaluate the performance and effective use of computer vision technologies to collect and evaluate reliable data from pork production enterprises; and (2) focus on the current state of sensor-based animal management using a data fusion approach to monitor pig health/performance. Many of these technologies are in various stages of development; therefore, these technologies have not been integrated into pork production or other food animal producing systems. Even though the focus of this review article is on the utilization of these technologies in pork production systems, these technologies are relevant in other food animal production systems, particularly dairy and poultry production. Therefore, we describe an approach that emphasizes the important need for computational capacity and speed, edge computing, data storage and transmission, and maintaining connectivity in rural settings.
Geoelectrical Characterization of Sedimentary Landslides in the Laguna Del Amor Area, Chota-Cajamarca (Peru)
Authors: Zevallos Arturo , Torres Julio , Segura Cristian , Carrasco Javier , Carrasco Pedro
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the geometric and geophysical characterization of sedimentary landslides in the Laguna del Amor area, located in Chota-Cajamarca (Peru). The main objective was to identify key static factors related to landslide susceptibility, including slope angle, soil composition, and groundwater flow, prioritizing the areas affected by landslides. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) was the geophysical method selected because of its effectiveness in delineating subsurface geometries, detecting water content, and assessing mass movements. The methodology combined geophysical analysis (ERT), field geology, and photogrammetry to develop a detailed subsurface model. The results indicate a rotational landslide mainly composed of weathered shales and limestones, with highly saturated zones that increase the area’s hazard level. The investigation also identified significant variability in landslide depth throughout the study area, highlighting the importance of these factors in geotechnical risk assessment. This interdisciplinary approach not only contributes to geological knowledge of the area but also provides critical information for mitigation and risk management strategies in landslide-prone areas.
Comparative Lifecycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Investments in Public Buildings: A Case Study of an Austrian Kindergarten Under Atypical Operational Conditions
Authors: Kousovista Georgia , Iakovides Giannis , Petridis Stefanos , Chairopoulos Nikolaos-Charalampos , Skembris Angelos , Fotopoulou Maria , Antipa Despina , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Rakopoulos Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the environmental and economic impacts of energy-efficient renovations, specifically focusing on the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in a public kindergarten. Leveraging the VERIFY platform, this study employs Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodologies to evaluate building performance over a 25-year analysis period under three distinct scenarios: a low-usage period during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021), a normal-usage period under post-pandemic conditions (2024) with the realized investment, and a hypothetical scenario with a PV installation size that allows for appropriate reductions alongside favorable financial outcomes. The pandemic-induced occupancy reduction led to atypical energy demand patterns, with lower self-consumption and increased electricity exports to the grid, affecting the financial viability of PV investments. By incorporating post-pandemic operational data, a meaningful comparison of energy efficiency measures under constrained and stable operating conditions is conducted, addressing the impact of fluctuating demand on long-term energy investment sustainability. The results highlight that system sizing and energy reconciliation policies (net metering, net billing) significantly influence financial outcomes. The PV system achieved a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of EUR 0.0811–0.0948/kWh, with payback periods ranging from 6.01 to 14.66 years, depending on operational intensity. The findings demonstrate that while PV systems contribute to emission reductions and cost savings, their economic feasibility depends on occupancy stability and policy frameworks. This study provides insights for optimizing renewable energy investments in public buildings, demonstrating the importance of considering dynamic operational conditions in lifecycle assessments.
Use of Electrolyzed Water as Disinfection Technology in Aquaculture Systems: Effects on Vibrio harveyi, a Significant Marine Pathogen for Marine Fish and Invertebrates
Authors: Blasco Adolfo , Ibányez-Payá Pablo , Fouz Belén , Amaro Carmen , Amorós Pedro , Ros-Lis José V.
Published: February 2025

Background: The aquaculture sector is vital for food supply and marine species conservation. However, vibriosis poses significant threats, affecting fish and invertebrates. Vibrio harveyi outbreaks are increasing due to global warming-driven expansion of virulent strains. Methods: This study investigates the bactericidal potential of in situ-generated electrolyzed water (EW) as a complementary strategy to antibiotic therapy. Strains of V. harveyi isolated from diseased fish were exposed to EW under varying conditions of salinity (1.5 and 3%), pH (5, 6.5, and 7.5), and free available chlorine (FAC) (5, 20, 25, and 125 ppm) to reduce bacterial concentrations. Results: EW demonstrated high bactericidal potential at 20–25 ppm FAC and non-acidic pH, reducing bacterial populations by over four logarithmic units within 15 min. Efficacy diminished when EW was stored for days. Conclusions: EW shows a promising disinfection method during vibriosis outbreaks and as a preventive measure during stress in aquaculture. Its advantages include on-site production and avoidance of concentrated chemicals, which minimize health risks.
The Establishment and Evaluation Model of the Thematic Deep-Learning Teaching Module
Authors: Yao Kai-Chao , Hsu Li-Chiou , Fang Jiunn-Shiou , Chen Yi-Jung , Guo Zhou-Kai
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry has matured, requiring deeper learning and integration of existing technologies. This study started with technical education to improve the professional quality of human resources. The double-triangular fuzzy number and gray area testing methods in the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) were used to evaluate expert consensus, plan technical capability indicators, and ensure the integrity and appropriateness of teaching materials. Based on these indicators, special subject teaching course units were designed and integrated into existing courses for experimental teaching and evaluation. The teaching module arrangement in this research used a virtual instrument control system with LabVIEW v2021 as the GUI and the myRIO controller. The proposed system integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) AI model built with Python v3.7 for data analysis and prediction, forming an embedded teaching module for a deep learning-oriented intelligent robotic environmental monitoring system. This study evaluated students’ acceptance of deep learning robotics teaching modules and their impact on improving their technical skills. The psychomotor scale established by the scholars was adopted and revised, including this study’s technical ability indicators. The test-retest reliability of the psychomotor scale was high. The results revealed that the post-test scores of the psychomotor scale were significantly better than those of the pre-test, indicating that students’ overall technical abilities improved. Students’ affective attitudes toward the four dimensions of teaching material and equipment, cognitive development, skills performance, and self-exploration were positive. Feedback revealed that students who participated in the teaching experiment responded positively on all levels of the affective scale, indicating increased motivation and willingness to continue learning. This study successfully constructed a teaching module and evaluation model for deep learning robotic environmental sensing and control. The teaching module and evaluation model established through this research contribute to the cultivation and effectiveness evaluation of relevant technical talents.
A Comprehensive Review of Industrial Workshop Oil Mist Control Technology Based on Electrostatic Collection
Authors: Liang Linfeng , Lan Yuer , Yu Tao , Leng Wenjun , Zhang Lei , Long Zhengwei
Published: February 2025

During industrial production, a significant amount of oil mist is generated, posing health risks because it is a fine particulate matter that is easily inhaled by the human body. Electrostatic collection has been widely applied in machining workshops as an effective method for capturing oil mist. While existing research has made substantial progress in improving the collection efficiency of electrostatic methods, the challenge of achieving high-efficiency oil mist collection remains unresolved. The inherent physical properties of oil mist contribute to difficulties in its efficient collection. Additionally, the deposition characteristics of oil mist, as well as the structure and operational parameters of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), directly affect collection efficiency. This paper reviews the literature from the past decade, introduces the mechanisms of oil mist generation, and presents oil mist monitoring technologies. Based on the deposition characteristics of oil mist, it explores high-efficiency collection technologies using electrostatic methods and summarizes studies on optimizing the performance of electrostatic precipitators. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on the development prospects of oil mist purification technologies.
Air-Outlet and Step-Number Effects on a Step-like Plenum Battery’s Thermal Management System
Authors: Oyewola Olanrewaju M. , Idowu Emmanuel T. , Labiran Morakinyo J. , Hatfield Michael C. , Drabo Mebougna L.
Published: February 2025

Optimizing the control of the battery temperature (Tb), while minimizing the pressure drop (∆P) in air-cooled thermal management systems (TMSs), is an indispensable target for researchers. The Z-type battery thermal management system’s (BTMS’s) structure is one of the widely investigated air-cooled TMSs. Several designs of air-cooled BTMSs are often associated with the drawback of a rise in ∆P, consequently resulting in an increase in pumping costs. In this study, the investigation of a Step-like plenum design was extended by exploring one and two outlets to determine possible decreases in the maximum battery temperature (Tmax), maximum battery temperature difference (∆Tmax), and pressure drop (∆P). The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was employed to predict the performances of different designs. The designs combine Step-like plenum and two outlets, with the outlets located at different points on the BTMS. The results from the study revealed that using a one-outlet design, combined with a Step-like plenum design, reduced Tmax by 3.52 K when compared with that of the original Z-type system. For another design with two outlets and the same Step-like plenum design, a reduction in Tmax by 3.45 K was achieved. For ∆Tmax, the use of a two-outlet design and a Step-like plenum design achieved a reduction of 6.34 K. Considering the ∆P performance, the best- and poorest-performing designs with two outlets reduced ∆P by 5.91 Pa and 3.66 Pa, respectively, when compared with that of the original Z-type design. The performances of the designs in this study clearly show the potential of two-outlet designs in reducing ∆P in systems. This study, therefore, concludes that the operational cost of the Step-like plenum Z-type BTMS can be reduced through the careful positioning of the two-outlet section, which will promote the design and development of current and future electric vehicle (EV) technologies.
On Continually Tracing Origins of LLM-Generated Text and Its Application in Detecting Cheating in Student Coursework
Authors: Wang Quan , Li Haoran
Published: February 2025

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation, which also raise numerous concerns about their potential misuse, especially in educational exercises and academic writing. Accurately identifying and tracing the origins of LLM-generated content is crucial for accountability and transparency, ensuring the responsible use of LLMs in educational and academic environments. Previous methods utilize binary classifiers to discriminate whether a piece of text was written by a human or generated by a specific LLM or employ multi-class classifiers to trace the source LLM from a fixed set. These methods, however, are restricted to one or several pre-specified LLMs and cannot generalize to new LLMs, which are continually emerging. This study formulates source LLM tracing in a class-incremental learning (CIL) fashion, where new LLMs continually emerge, and a model incrementally learns to identify new LLMs without forgetting old ones. A training-free continual learning method is further devised for the task, the idea of which is to continually extract prototypes for emerging LLMs, using a frozen encoder, and then to perform origin tracing via prototype matching after a delicate decorrelation process. For evaluation, two datasets are constructed, one in English and one in Chinese. These datasets simulate a scenario where six LLMs emerge over time and are used to generate student essays, and an LLM detector has to incrementally expand its recognition scope as new LLMs appear. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 97.04% on the English dataset and 91.23% on the Chinese dataset. These results validate the feasibility of continual origin tracing of LLM-generated text and verify its effectiveness in detecting cheating in student coursework.
DeB3RTa: A Transformer-Based Model for the Portuguese Financial Domain
Authors: Pires Higo , Paucar Leonardo , Carvalho Joao Paulo
Published: February 2025

The complex and specialized terminology of financial language in Portuguese-speaking markets create significant challenges for natural language processing (NLP) applications, which must capture nuanced linguistic and contextual information to support accurate analysis and decision-making. This paper presents DeB3RTa, a transformer-based model specifically developed through a mixed-domain pretraining strategy that combines extensive corpora from finance, politics, business management, and accounting to enable a nuanced understanding of financial language. DeB3RTa was evaluated against prominent models—including BERTimbau, XLM-RoBERTa, SEC-BERT, BusinessBERT, and GPT-based variants—and consistently achieved significant gains across key financial NLP benchmarks. To maximize adaptability and accuracy, DeB3RTa integrates advanced fine-tuning techniques such as layer reinitialization, mixout regularization, stochastic weight averaging, and layer-wise learning rate decay, which together enhance its performance across varied and high-stakes NLP tasks. These findings underscore the efficacy of mixed-domain pretraining in building high-performance language models for specialized applications. With its robust performance in complex analytical and classification tasks, DeB3RTa offers a powerful tool for advancing NLP in the financial sector and supporting nuanced language processing needs in Portuguese-speaking contexts.
A Deep Convolution Method for Hypertension Detection from Ballistocardiogram Signals with Heat-Map-Guided Data Augmentation
Authors: Cheng Renjie , Huang Yi , Hu Wei , Chen Ken , Xie Yaoqin
Published: February 2025

Hypertension (HPT) is a chronic disease characterized by the consistent elevation of arterial blood pressure, which is considered to be a significant risk factor for conditions such as stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The detection and continuous monitoring of HPT can be a demanding process. As a non-contact measuring method, the ballistocardiography (BCG) signal characterizes the repetitive body motion resulting from the forceful ejection of blood into the major blood vessels during each heartbeat. Therefore, it can be applied for HPT detection. HPT detection with BCG signals remains a challenging task. In this study, we propose an end-to-end deep convolutional model BH-Net for HPT detection through BCG signals. We also propose a data augmentation scheme by selecting the J-peak neighborhoods from the BCG time sequences for hypertension detection. Rigorously evaluated via a public data-set, we report an average accuracy of 97.93% and an average F1-score of 97.62%, outperforming the comparative state-of-the-art methods. We also report that the performance of the traditional machine learning methods and the comparative deep learning models was improved with the proposed data augmentation scheme.
Disease Acceptance and Control from the Subjective Health Experience Model as Health Perception Predictors in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Folkertsma Tessa S. , Bloem Sjaak , Vodegel Robert M. , Bos Reinhard , Tack Greetje J.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The multifactorial nature of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires integrating pathophysiological understanding with subjective patient experiences. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are a useful tool for incorporating this in routine clinical practice. However, current PROMs do not fully encompass the complete subjective health experiences (SHE) of patients and are thus insufficient for guiding truly personalised care. The SHE model provides insights into SHE through the determinants of disease acceptance and perceived control. While validated across various demographics, its predictive power in IMIDs cohorts remains unexplored. This study aims to assess whether acceptance and perceived control in the SHE model predict health experiences in patients with IMID and how these immunological conditions compare. Methods: Questionnaires regarding health perception, acceptance, control, and subjective health experiences were distributed to 450 Dutch citizens. Descriptive statistics, reliability checks, and partial least squares structural equation modelling were used to examine relationships between variables. Results: Health perception strongly predicts SHE through acceptance and control. Across all conditions, the pathway moves from health perception to control, then to acceptance, and finally to SHE. However, the roles of acceptance and control differ by condition. In burdensome diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, acceptance plays a greater role, while control has a stronger influence in conditions like psoriasis. Conclusions: This study supports the predictive validity of the SHE model for IMIDs, showing that disease acceptance and control affect health experiences differently across conditions. These insights improve the understanding of psychological factors in health experiences and call for tailored interventions for patients with IMID.
Assessment of CRB1-Associated Retinopathies Using the S-MAIA Fast Protocol and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Higgins Bethany E. , Rodriguez-Martinez Ana Catalina , Montesano Giovanni , Tailor-Hamblin Vijay K. , Malka Samantha , Henderson Robert H. , Moosajee Mariya
Published: February 2025

Background: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Moorfields Eye Hospital, UK, involving patients with CRB1-associated retinopathies: macular dystrophy (MD), cone-rod dystrophy (CORD), and early-onset severe retinal dystrophy/Leber congenital amaurosis (EOSRD/LCA). The study aimed to evaluate CRB1-associated retinopathies using microperimetry (macular integrity assessment (S-MAIA) fast protocol) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Data quality and participant attrition were assessed in 18 patients (10 MD, 5 EOSRD/LCA, 3 CORD), aged 10–52 years, with a median best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.41 logMAR. Results: Microperimetry and SD-OCT data were obtained from 14 and 18 patients, respectively, but eccentric fixation hindered structure-function analysis. All participants showed overall abnormal sensitivity on the S-MAIA fast protocol. Parafoveal volume was significantly increased, while foveal thickness and volume were reduced compared to normative data (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study highlights the challenges of participant attrition and the need for alternative functional metrics to complement traditional evaluations. It also reinforces previous findings of abnormal retinal architecture in CRB1-associated retinopathies, providing further insights into S-MAIA and SD-OCT assessments for this patient population.
Topical Application of OJI-204 Alleviates Skin Dryness, Dry Skin-Induced Itch, and Mechanical Alloknesis
Authors: Toyama Sumika , Nakamura Tomoya , Tominaga Mitsutoshi , Takamori Kenji
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The skin is an important barrier that protects against invasion by foreign substances and retains water in the body. Several skin diseases involve dry skin due to a disrupted skin barrier, and most skin diseases that appear on dry skin are accompanied by itch. Dry skin-induced itch and mechanical alloknesis reduce quality of life. Sulfated hemicellulose (i.e., pentosan polysulfate sodium), similar to heparin, is a compound belonging to the sulfated polysaccharide family; however, in contrast to heparin, it is derived from plant materials. We herein investigate the effects of the topical application of OJI-204, a sulfated hemicellulose made by purifying and chemically synthesizing hemicellulose, on dry skin in a mouse model. Methods: The mouse model of dry skin was generated using a mixture of acetone and ether with water. Either OJI-204 (3% or 10%) or 0.3% heparinoid, PBS (control), was applied twice a day to the acetone and diethyl ether/water (AEW)-treated area. The degree of skin dryness was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration. Scratching behavior was recorded the day before AEW treatment and the day after the final day, and an alloknesis assay was performed on the day after the final day. Results: We found that 3% or 10% OJI-204 attenuated dry skin conditions (erythema/hemorrhage, scarring/dryness, edema, and excoriation/erosion) and itchiness more effectively than 0.3% heparinoid. Furthermore, the degree of dryness improved to the same degree as that with heparinoid. OJI-204 also significantly reduced dry skin-induced spontaneous itch and mechanical alloknesis. Conclusions: These results suggest the potential of OJI-204 as a therapeutic or preventive agent for dry skin.
Occupancy and Air Quality Model for Outdoor Events: A Strategy for Preventing Disease Transmission at Mass Events
Authors: Romero-Barriuso Álvaro , Ballesteros-Álvarez Jesús Manuel , Villena-Escribano Blasa María , Rodríguez-Sáiz Ángel , González-Gaya Cristina
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel model to determine occupancy density for outdoor events to prevent infectious disease transmission caused by the impossibility of proper dilution of human effluents in the atmosphere. It uses standardization processes to calculate natural ventilation air renewal and establishes theoretical occupancy based on activity and exhaled air percentage, aiming for indoor air quality comparable to the IDA2 standards. The study focuses on mass events in Mostoles (Spain), analyzing street activities and bullring events. It found that above a certain height in the open air, infection risk is low, eliminating capacity limitations. The resulting mathematical expressions can be adapted to different pathogens, ensuring the quality of indoor air conditions through capacity control. The process determines the ventilation required based on physical activity, considering both unrestricted and restricted situations. The relationship between required and available ventilation prevents disease transmission. The method’s effectiveness is demonstrated through comparisons between estimates and environmental measurements during Mostoles events. The maximum outdoor occupancy at ground level to achieve air quality comparable to the IDA2 standards is determined to be 2.36 persons/m2, while to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 it is determined to be 1.98 persons/m2. In addition, transmission will not occur during mass gatherings in locations over five meters above ground level. In conclusion, this model provides an adaptable tool to prevent the spread of infectious diseases at outdoor events by ensuring adequate air quality through occupancy control.
Revolutionizing MASLD: How Artificial Intelligence Is Shaping the Future of Liver Care
Authors: Pugliese Nicola , Bertazzoni Arianna , Hassan Cesare , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Aghemo Alessio
Published: February 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is emerging as a leading cause of chronic liver disease. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted significant attention in healthcare, particularly in diagnostics, patient management, and drug development, demonstrating immense potential for application and implementation. In the field of MASLD, substantial research has explored the application of AI in various areas, including patient counseling, improved patient stratification, enhanced diagnostic accuracy, drug development, and prognosis prediction. However, the integration of AI in hepatology is not without challenges. Key issues include data management and privacy, algorithmic bias, and the risk of AI-generated inaccuracies, commonly referred to as “hallucinations”. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of AI in hepatology, with a focus on MASLD, highlighting both its transformative potential and its inherent limitations.
A Case of Severe Early Childhood Caries Occurring in a Childhood Cancer Patient
Authors: Akitomo Tatsuya , Niizato Noriko , Ikeda Shunya , Ito Yuya , Tabata Eimi , Mitsuhata Chieko , Nomura Ryota
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Childhood cancer is the leading cause of death among children, although medical advances are improving the prognosis. During cancer treatment, nausea or vomiting may occur and eating habits may become irregular; therefore, it is important to prevent the development of oral diseases. We encountered a childhood cancer patient with rapidly progressive multiple dental caries, and this report describes the progress. Methods: A boy aged 2 years 9 months was referred for perioperative oral management. No caries were detected in the oral cavity at the initial visit. Results: As the patient had difficulty eating because of nausea and vomiting during cancer treatment, he began to consume probiotic drinks frequently. At 8-month follow-up, dental caries localized to the primary molars was detected. However, caries had occurred in all erupted teeth by 9 months later, confirming the diagnosis of severe early childhood caries. Dental treatment and long-term oral management contributed to good oral health except for dental abnormalities caused by chemotherapy. Conclusions: Childhood cancer patients, particularly at an early age, are at risk of rapid deterioration of oral disease even over a short time period. It is important to cooperate with medical or dental professionals from other hospitals to provide dietary and oral health instruction and continue long-term oral management to improve patients’ quality of life.
Virtual Surgical Planning for Management of Acute Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Singerman Kyle W. , Morisada Megan V. , Kriet J. David , Flynn John P. , Humphrey Clinton D.
Published: February 2025

Study design: A retrospective case series. Objective: The management of acute complex maxillofacial trauma is challenging. The intricate maxillofacial anatomy coupled with the significant functional and aesthetic repercussions of traumatic facial injuries necessitate meticulous preoperative preparation and operative precision to minimize patient morbidity. The severe displacement of bone fragments, abnormal occlusion, comminution, and the involvement of multiple skeletal subsites further complicate the restoration of premorbid function and appearance. While previously recognized as a valuable tool for managing oncologic defects, orthognathic surgery, and for the correction of secondary deformities following maxillofacial trauma, virtual surgical planning (VSP) has now emerged as a viable tool for treating select patients following acute complex maxillofacial trauma. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all the complex facial trauma patients treated using VSP services over a 21-month period. Results: Multiple VSP services were used in the primary repair of complex facial trauma, with occlusal splints, pre-contoured plates, and 3D printed models being utilized most frequently. Conclusions: Our experience with VSP for primary maxillofacial trauma repair has helped us to identify specific indications for the use of VSP in this setting.
Preparation and Tribology of Textured Ti-6Al-4V with Thermal Oxide Coating
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Xu Zhibiao , Lu Haowen , Tan Yue , Xu Xing , Wu Hao
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the tribological properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated with single laser texturing, single thermal oxidation, and laser texturing combined with thermal oxidation in a PAO6 oil environment. The surface morphology, cross-sectional morphology, surface chemical composition, microhardness, wettability, and wear surface morphology were analyzed using a three-dimensional profiler, scanning electron microscope, electron spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, micro-Vickers hardness tester, and optical contact angle measuring instrument. The results indicate that combining laser texturing with thermal oxidation treatment enhances groove edge hardness to approximately 1932 HV0.2, due to the synergistic effects of laser-induced heat-affected zones and the formation of high-hardness rutile phase TiO2. Simultaneously, the treatment effectively enhances the wettability of PAO6 oil on the surface. Furthermore, the composite-treated surface combines the oil reservoir and debris-trapping capabilities of a single laser-textured surface with the excellent load-bearing capacity of a single thermally oxidized surface. This enhancement improves the durability and reliability of the groove-type texture, leading to reduced material loss and a diminished wear rate, and significantly improving the surface wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Climate Change Drives Shifts in Suitable Habitats of Three Stipa purpurea Alpine Steppes on the Western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Huayong , Zhang Benwei , Zhang Yihe , Wang Zhongyu , Liu Zhao
Published: February 2025

The alpine steppe has an important place in alpine ecosystems, and its distribution pattern is strongly influenced by climate change. In this study, we used “biomod2” and “FragStats 4.2” to calculate the migration trends and the habitat fragmentation of three S. purpurea alpine steppes on the western Tibetan Plateau. The results of this study show that the Stipa purpurea-Ceratoides compacta alpine steppe, the Stipa purpurea-Carex moorcroftii alpine steppe, and the Stipa purpurea-Carex montis-everestii alpine steppe are strongly influenced by climate, while other variables have less impact. Their main influence factors are annual precipitation (Bio12), precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18), and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19), respectively. The effects of carbon emissions on the suitable habitats of all three S. purpurea alpine steppes are significant in future scenarios. Continued increases in carbon emissions will lead to a continuous reduction in their suitable habitat areas. These communities are bounded by 33° N. South of the boundary, steppe communities are influenced by mountain ranges and show a tendency to migrate to higher elevations in a southward direction. North of the boundary, steppe communities show a tendency to migrate to higher elevations in a northward direction. Climate change reduces community aggregation, leading to gradual habitat fragmentation. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the migration and conservation of three S. purpurea alpine steppes on the western Tibetan Plateau, thereby contributing to the improvement of ecosystem stability and species diversity.
Central Venous Pressure as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Griva Panagiota , Griva Vasiliki , Samara Dimitra , Talliou Christina , Panagouli Konstantina , Roungeris Loizos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by impaired kidney function, which is associated with reduced survival and increased morbidity. Central venous pressure (CVP) is a widely used hemodynamic parameter for assessing the volume status of patients and evaluating their response to fluid resuscitation. This systematic review aims to analyze various prospective and retrospective observational and controlled trials to determine the association between CVP and the risk of developing AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Additionally, it examines whether elevated CVP serves as an accurate predictor of AKI in this patient population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, using PubMed as the primary database. The search focused on studies published after 2014 that included adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with reported measurements of CVP and kidney function assessment. Studies conducted on animals, pediatric populations, those published before 2014, or in languages other than English were excluded from the review. Results: Through the analysis of 21 studies, a clear association between higher CVP and increased AKI risk emerged. The most critical CVP thresholds identified were 10 mmHg, 12 mmHg, 14 mmHg, and 20 mmHg, with risk increasing progressively beyond these values. CVP ≥ 10 mmHg was the most commonly reported cutoff for elevated AKI risk, showing 1.42 to 4.53 times increased odds. CVP ≥ 12 mmHg further amplified the risk, while CVP ≥ 14 mmHg was consistently associated with severe AKI and the need for RRT. The highest threshold (CVP ≥ 20 mmHg) showed the greatest risk escalation, linked to fluid overload, right heart failure, and mortality. Studies also suggest an optimal CVP range of 6–8 mmHg to minimize AKI incidence. Conclusions: Elevated CVP is an independent risk factor for the development of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. These findings suggest that CVP monitoring can play a significant role in predicting AKI and guiding perioperative management strategies.