bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Hyperbranched Polymer with Terminal Amino in Dyeing Process of Microfiber Synthetic Leather
Authors: Ren Long Fang , Zhao Guo Hui , Qiang Tao Tao , Wang Jing Xian , Wang Xue Chuan
Published: December 2011

Hyperbranched polymer with different contents of terminal amino group synthesized with succinic anhydride and DETA through the molten polymerization method was used in the dying process of microfiber synthetic leather substrate as color fixing agent. The effect on dye-uptake, surface chromas of microfiber synthetic leather substrate, wet and dry rub fastness was discussed. The result indicated that when the dosage of hyperbranched polymer with 5.85% terminal amino groups was 0.8%, the dye uptake rate was 92.92% and surface chroma was the best, the wet and dry rub fastness of microfiber synthetic leather substrate were almost unchanged.
Biomass of Phragmites australis and Effect Factors Analyzing in Zha Long Wetland
Authors: Zeng Tao , Huang Hui
Published: December 2011

Phragmites australis are the typical vegetation in Zha Long National Natural Reserve. From August 10th to August 21st in 2006, we chose 60 quadrats in 15 sample sites, investigated the reed biomass, height, diameter, water nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The results are as follow: 1) the average biomass of Phragmites australis models is 2858g•m-2 and the biomass between 15 sample sites is from 2029.0 to 4067.4 g•m-2; 2) the moisture content of Phragmites australis is from 42.95% to 64.95%. The average height of Phragmites australis is 272.47cm, and the average diameter of Phragmites australis is 0.51cm; 3) the NP weight ratio in each sample site concentrate from 9.18 to 15.79. Nitrogen is the most important limiting factor in Phragmites australis vegetation growing while phosphorus is not the limiting factor; 4) the Phragmites australis biomass is restricted by many factors especially water depth and water nitrogen concentration. But the phosphorus concentration in water has irrelativeness with Phragmites australis biomass.
Characterization of Xanthan Production under Solid State Fermentation on Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Zhang Zhi Guo , Chen Hong Zhang
Published: December 2011

Time courses of biomass, glucose and xanthan during solid state fermentation with various initial glucose concentrations were determined and analysed with a metabolic flux method. The use of 80 g L-1 instead of 40 and 20 g L-1 glucose led to higher xanthan production. In the stationary phase of cells, the velocities (ν) of all metabolic pathways are increased with increasing glucose concentration, while the highest specific rates (γ) of glucose consumption and xanthan generation was obtained when the initial glucose concentration was 40 g L-1. Hence, under solid-state fermentation, an abundant initial carbon source is advantageous in improving the velocity of xanthan production, while moderately abundant carbon sources promote the conversion of carbon to xanthan.
Effect of Ultrasonic Intensity on the Degradation of Phenol Solution
Authors: Yin Mei Juan , Cui Peng , Hu Zhi , Chen Ya Zhong , Xiong Wei
Published: December 2011

Effect of ultrasonic intensity on the degradation of phenol solution is investigated by changing the nominal ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and the position of reactor. The actual ultrasonic intensity (I) that reaches reactor is measured by ultrasonic power measuring meter. It can be found that the ultrasonic intensity varies with ultrasonic parameters. With the nominal power input improving from 60 W to 150 W, the ultrasonic intensity rises from 0.21 W•cm-2 to 1.06 W•cm-2 and the degradation rate of phenol solution (η) increases from 21.7% to 43.7%. However, when I reaches the highest value of 1.71 W•cm-2 at the frequency of 100 kHz, η decreases to the lowest value of 21.5%. The ultrasonic intensity distribution is uneven in the ultrasonic bath and η increases with an increase of I in the vertical direction. The ultrasonic degradation of phenol solution is affected by ultrasonic intensity, but η doesn’t definitely increase with an increase of ultrasonic intensity.
Effects of Nd Doping on the Photocatalytic Behavior of Cu11O2 (VO4)6
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Qiong , Xing Qi
Published: December 2011

Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 photocatalyst was synthesized by complexing Sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy(EDX). The photocatalytic activity of Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under UV-light. It revealed that the Nd-doped Cu11O2 (VO4)6 prepared with the molar ratio of citric acid to metal inons be 2:1, Nd/Cu molar ratio of 2%, pH=7 and calcinated under 500°C for 4 hours was pure triclinic phase. In this conditions, the sample had highest photocatalytic activity with the photodegradation rate was about 95.73% or so in 60min under 20W ultraviolet lamp.
Fusion as an Approach to Enhance Dissolution Rate of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug (Curcurmin)
Authors: Wan Dong Hua , Lin Fen , Liao Qu Xiang
Published: December 2011

It’s well known that curcumin is practically insoluble in water. Therefore, to improve the drug dissolution rate, fusion approach was employed to prepare curcumin solid dispersions (SDs) in the carrier Pluronic F68 with three different drug loads. The dissolution rate of curcumin from the SDs was measured at simulated gastric fluid. The concentration of the dissolved drug in the medium was determined by HPLC. The dissolution rates of the formulations were dependent on the drug loading in SDs. 92.2% CUR was dissolved in 10 min from the SDs with 8.97% drug load, whereas the amounts of drug released were 65.8% and 84.2% within 120 min from the SDs with 18.9% and 29.0% drug loads, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated hydrogen bond between the drug and carrier. Furthermore, their physicochemical properties were well investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. In the dispersions containing 8.97% CUR, the drug was in the molecular state. At a composition of approximately 18.9%, CUR was dispersed as micro-fine crystals. These interesting results indicate that the physical states of the drug in the carrier, which are governed by the drug loading, can affect the dissolution rate improvement.
Game-Theoretic Analysis of Ecological Restoration
Authors: Lv Yue Ying
Published: December 2011

Ecological restoration is not only a natural process, but also economic process of inputs and outputs. In this paper, using game theory, we identify the potential outcome by the extent of restoration of ecosystem services and processes, hoping to further analysis of the effects of economic behaviors in ecological restoration process.
Identification of ZnO Defect Structure by PL Spectroscopy
Authors: Cheng Peng Fei , Liu Han Chen , Zhang Ying Tang
Published: December 2011

Defect structure of ZnO determines the optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO crystal and film. The identification and modulation of the defect structure is the foundation of the manufacture of optoelectronic devices. Although a good deal of research has been carried out about intrinsic defects and doping defects in ZnO, it is difficult to obtain a conclusive result accepted by all. In the paper, ZnO film is prepared by sol-gel method and the defect structure is expressed by photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy. Based on some basic rules the intrinsic defect structure of ZnO is confirmed and the interaction of impurity Li and intrinsic defect is discussed. At the same time, some new electronic levels are proposed. It is surprising that although there are fourteen peaks in PL spectra of ZnO film, almost all the peaks can be identified by these basic rules.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Coal-Based Activated Carbon in the Presence of Fe3O4
Authors: Zhang Jun
Published: December 2011

Magnetic coal-based activated carbon was prepared from Taixi anthracitic coal in the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4). The magnetic activated carbon samples were characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, FTIR and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It was found that the magnetic activated carbon had a high surface area of 993.5 m2/g with 4% Fe3O4 and a saturation magnetization of 2.4158 emu/g for magnetic separability. The results showed that the magnetic properties of MAC are provided by Fe3O4 and Fe. In the presence of Fe3O4, the rate of carbonization and activation increase to form a large surface area and a high pore volume. Moreover, the addition of Fe3O4 can greatly promote the number of both micro-pores and meso-pores in activated carbon.
Study on Design and Innovation of New-Type Environment-Friendly Landscape Environmental Sanitation Facilities
Authors: Xu Jun , Gao Chun Mei
Published: December 2011

Focusing on the current urban environmental sanitation facilities, this paper analyzes the current status of environmental sanitation facilities. Combining with various objects and life patterns in daily life, it discusses about the wide application of landscape environmental sanitation facilities in real life and particularly studies the landscape property of garbage containers. The advanced technologies are employed in the garbage disposal containers to design the environment-friendly, green and energy-saving new-type landscape environmental sanitation facilities. Moreover, it points out the significance of creating new technology and new concept in the urban landscape facilities, and adopts the innovative idea and new concept to realize the harmonious and wonderful human settlement.
Study on Determination of Grease Content Inner Leather by Ultrasonic-Combining-Soxhlet Extraction Method
Authors: Luo Xiao Min , Li Peng Ni , Zhao Guo Hui , Wu Dong Qiu
Published: December 2011

Different shaped samples of soaked leather in dichloromethane solution was pretreated by ultrasound technology, then the grease content in solution was measured by soxhlet extraction method. Samples before and after extraction were respectively made into histology slices in order to visually observe the situation of grease content. Results showed that compared with conventional extraction methods, extraction time was reduced to1/6~1/7 times and 50% solvent was saved by ultrasonic technology. Histology photos exhibited a cleaner extraction situation, which indicated that ultrasound technology behaved more efficient than conventional method in grease extraction.
Study on the Effect of Collagen Color Fixing Agent on Leather Dyeing Performance
Authors: Ren Long Fang , Zhang Xiao Feng , Wang Xue Chuan , Qiang Tao Tao
Published: December 2011

A color fixing agent of collagen (PCDMC) was prepared by free radical polymerization water solution polymerization of methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with collagen hydrolysate at the protection of nitrogen and using t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) and sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) as redox initiator pair. The solid content and viscosity of color fixing agent was 37% and 300-600mPa•s, respectively. Then it was used in leather color fixing process and compared with commercial products DT-A622 and formic acid. The leather handle, dye uptake rate, K/S value and resistance to dry and wet fastness were as index to evaluate their color fixing effect. The results showed that PCDMC took on excellent softness and color, dye uptake rate was 97%, K/S value was 23, dry rub fastness and wet rub fastness were improved 0.5-1 grades.
Synthesis of Lignin-Based Dithiocarbamate and its Performance in Pb2+ Removal
Authors: Liu Li Hua , Cao Jing , Li Bo
Published: December 2011

Lignin-based dithiocarbamate (LBDTC) was prepared from lignin, formaldehyde, triethylene tetramine (TETA), carbon bisulfide and sodium hydroxide. The structure of LBDTC was characterized by FTIR and elementary analysis, and its removal performances towards Pb2+ were investigated. The results show that LBDTC is more effective than sodium triethylenetetramine-multidithiocarbamate (TETAMDT) prepared according to the same molar ratios of TETA, CS2, and NaOH and xanthation conditions used during LBDTC synthesis and much more effective than lignin for removing Pb2+. It was observed that LBDTC could effectively reduce 100 mg/L Pb2+ in wastewater to 0.05 mg/L, which is far lower than the discharge limit of 1.0 mg/L. It was also observed that LBDTC has a wide suitable pH range of 4.9-12.5. This can overcome the drawback of narrow pH scopes observed for traditional precipitation methods.
The Effects of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Crevice Corrosion Behavior of Q235 Steel
Authors: Zhao Ping , Yang Jia Xing , Du Dun Yong , Sun Cheng , Xu Jin
Published: December 2011

The crevice corrosion behavior of Q235 carbon steel has been studied under the simulated disbonded coating with an aperture of 1.0mm in the soil-extract solution (SES) with and without sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphologies of the steel after experiment were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results showed that the capacitive arc of the Q235 steel electrode in SRB containing solution is smaller than that in the aseptic solution at the initial stage of test. However, after 19 days, the capacitive arc of the steel in bacteria containing solution becomes bigger than that in the aseptic solution, and corrosion rate of the steel was smaller in the SES with SRB than that without SRB. The degree of the corrosion on the surface of steel Q235 was more severe after 44 days in the SES without SRB than that with SRB. However, corrosion pits were found on the surface of Q235 steel in the SES with SRB.
TiO2/Ti Electrode Preparation, Characterization and its Photoelectrocatalytic Stability
Authors: Xu Yun Lan , Jia Jin Ping
Published: December 2011

TiO2/Ti electrode, photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), rotating disk reactor, dye. Abstract: In this work, TiO2/Ti electrode was prepared by sol-gel method and its character was investigated by ﬁeld emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray reﬂection diffraction (XRD) spectra, UV-Vis diffuse reflection absorption spectra and photoelectro-response analysis. FESEM and XRD analysis demonstrates the TiO2 particles were uniform, about 50 nm and almost anatase, UV-Vis diffuse reflection analysis demonstrates the absoption fringe of TiO2 was 400 nm, and photoelectro-response analysis demonstrates the photoelectro-response capability of the photocatalyst was evident and decreased with the dye solution concenstrate increased. The results of stability and reproducibility of TiO2/Ti electrode demonstrates repetition of both multi-runs of mono-electrode and mono-run of multi-electrodes was excellent, which indicates TiO2/Ti electrode prepared by sol-gel method can degrade dye wastewater high-effectively and stably.
Water-Based Anionic Polycarbodiimide Crosslinker for Coating
Authors: Pang Xiao Yan , Ding Zhi Wen , Jia Ji Zhang , Tong Rong
Published: December 2011

Water-based anionic polycarbodiimide crosslinker which the storage stability is more than 6 months was synthesized by isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate(SHES), 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phosopholene-1-oxide(MPPO). Polycarbodiimide crosslinker was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and was applied to aqueous polyurethane resin coating agents which containing carboxyl groups. The mechanical properties, the swelling ratio of the film in water, 0.05mol/L Sodium hydroxyl and butyl acetate and the dry and wet rub and abrasion resistance were tested. The infrared spectrogram shows the characteristic peak of -N=C=N- appeared at 2200～2100cm-1 and the characteristic peak of -SO3-appeared at 1105cm-1.The results of application indicated that: WAPC was applied to polyurethane resin, tensile strength of the film increased from 1.485MPa to 3.752 MPa. The swelling rate in water，0.05mol/L Sodium hydroxyl，butyl acetate decreased from 444.9% to 126.1%，181.9% to 92.5%，351.2% to 186.4% respectively; WPAC was added to top coating of coating agent, it was founded that the dry and wet rub resistance were both increased.
Research Progress of Mini-Emulsion in the Wood Industry
Authors: Zhang Shi Cheng , Wang Li Jun , Pang Jiu Yin
Published: December 2011

This paper reviews the mini emulsion in the timber industry and development. Introduction of the small foreign Emulsion Synthesis and Application of the latest developments. Mini emulsion adhesive is a rapid development over the past decade and has practical use of new adhesives, with no formaldehyde pollution, water resistance and anti-aging performance, the application of mini emulsion polymerization of a wide range of performance. Discusses the mini prospects for the development of emulsion adhesive. With the development and application of wood-based panel industry continues to expand the range of wood products of a higher water resistance and durability requirements, adhesive application market more widely, the variety is also increasing. Between dissimilar materials, composite wood and the growing need for the traditional timber industry with plastic, urea formaldehyde(UF),phenol formaldehyde(PF),melamine formaldehyde(MF)plastic(the Department of formaldehyde glue) can not fully meet, in which The largest amount of formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde glue pollution problems caused by people even more widespread concern, it is necessary to vigorously develop new wood adhesive for industrial use. Emulsion is a rapid development over the past decade and have been utility of the new adhesive, with no formaldehyde pollution, water resistance and excellent aging resistance, and adaptability to be glued materials, etc., widely used in wood glue and secondary processing Therefore, great attention by the timber industry, competing for exploitation. Diameter of dispersed droplets in the emulsion 50 ~ 500nm, between macro and micro emulsion between emulsion, known as fine emulsion. Miniemulsion system, in the sub-micron particle size, larger than monomer swollen micelles (diameter of about 40 ~ 50nm), less than the monomer droplets (diameter of about 1000nm), a wide size distribution. Miniemulsion polymerization can not be compared with the advantages of conventional[1], Therefore, polymer and materials science has become a hot research field, in the preparation of the special structure of polymers (such as the core - shell particles, polymer nanoparticles, polymer interpenetrating network structure, etc.) and stable polymer dispersions have Very broad application prospects.
Some Technologies about Video Compression
Authors: Hu Yu
Published: December 2011

Many strategies can be developed into mature algorithms to compress video more efficiently than today’s standardized codecs. Future video compression algorithms may employ more adaptability, more refined temporal and spatial prediction models with better distortion metrics. The cost to users is the significant increase of implementation complexity at both the encoder and decoder. Fortunately, it seems that bitrates have a slower doubling time than computing power, so the disadvantage of increasing implementation complexity may one day be balanced with much improved processor capabilities. Development trends and perspectives of video compression analyzed in the following paper, highlighting problems and research directions are also analyzed.
Controllable Synthesis of Carbon Spheres Based on Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nano-Template
Authors: Wang Cun Jing , Yao Peng , Chen Gai Rong
Published: December 2011

The reactions were carried out by decomposing acetylene at 1000 °C in a two-stage furnace system for 10 min. In the first furnace no catalyst was placed and an AAO template with average diameter about 50 nm was placed in the second furnace whose temperature was designed to be 700 °C. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that carbon spheres with average diameter about 50 nm on the AAO template surface were obtained and these carbon spheres are composed of unclosed graphene layers with an interlayer distance of 0.33–0.35 nm between the layers.
The Identification, Screening and Floating for BMS in Automobile Insurance
Authors: Che Hui , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2011

According to the BMS, the premium changes when being renewed. It is fairness in all different risks, and increases drivers’safety consciousness. Based on the identification of bonus-mauls factor, this paper using multi-layered analysis to screen and float factor, making sure guarantors would be charged reasonable when they renewing.
Thermal Environment Simulation of Buildings on the Ground in Low Enthalpy Geothermal Engineering
Authors: Zhang Yi , Guo Dong Ming
Published: December 2011

By using a variety of energy-saving technologies, low-grade geothermal energy will be efficiently used for improving the indoor thermal environment with few high-grade electric energy in low enthalpy geothermal engineering. In order to be more targeted and precise, geothermal energy conservation engineering should be designed and controlled on the basis of characteristics and variation of indoor thermal environment. Taking the low enthalpy geothermal engineering in the Air Force Command Academy veteran cadre living area as an example, it generalizes the building and simulates the indoor thermal environment by DeST software. The results show that the thermal enironment of rooms which are on the different storeies and different orientations is different. it is be obvious regularity, the thermal enironment of rooms in the high storey and low storey is worse than the middle storey in winter, the thermal enironment of rooms in north is worse than in south, the thermal enironment of rooms in west is worse than in east, and the thermal enironment of rooms in the corner is worse than in the middle. All of these may be a guide to equipment selection, layout of pipe network and terminal equipment, and can provide a theoretical basis for energy conservation design and operations control.
Ti50Fe22Ni22Sn6 Amorphous Alloy Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhu Yu Ying , Wang Ge
Published: December 2011

Ti50Fe22Ni22Sn6 amorphous alloy is prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The milling is performed in a high-energy planetary ball mill. XRD shows that after milled 70h, fully amorphous powders can be obtained, under the condition of the milling speed, 300rpm, and the weighs ratio of ball to powder, 10:1. Thermal stability of the as-milled amorphous powder is determined by DSC at the heating rate of 40K/min. The glass transition Tg and the initial crystallization temperature Tx1 is 625K and 770K, respectively. The amorphous alloy powder is compacted by spark plasma sintering at the temperature of 633K, 653K, 673K, 688K and 723K under the compress of 400Mpa. From XRD, it can be seen that near the glass transition temperature, the samples sintered remain completely amorphous, and when the sintering temperature increasing, although not higher than the initial crystallization temperature, the sintered samples have begun to appear crystalline phases.
Effect of Citric Acid on Cement Hydration
Authors: Ma Bao Guo , Xiao Jun , Tan Hong Bo
Published: December 2011

Through the test of citric acid of cement paste, setting time and compression strength changes, and combined with XRD, SEM, discusses the influence of citric acid on cement hydration process. The results show that: citric acid can effectively increase the initial cement fluidity, when the content is exceed to 0.1%, the 60 min flow loss of increased gradually. Citric acid retarding effect increases with dosage, but there is a critical dosage, when the dosage is less than 0.1%, the initial setting time and final setting time increased slowly; When the dosage more than 0.1%, the initial setting time increased slowly, but the final setting time increases rapidly; With the increase in citric acid dosage, AFt diffraction peaks increases, while the CH peak decreases, indicating that the citric acid accelerated the initial hydration of C3A, while inhibiting C3S hydration and promoting AFt generation
A Note on "Implicit Mann Fixed Point Iterations for Pseudo-Contractive Mappings"
Authors: Li Hong Jun , Su Yong Fu
Published: December 2011

Ljubomir Ciric, Arif Rafiq, Nenad Cakic, Jeong Sheok Umed [ Implicit Mann fixed point iterations for pseudo-contractive mappings, Applied Mathematics Letters 22 (2009) 581-584] introduced and investigated a modified Mann implicit iteration process for continuous hemi-contractive map. They proved the relatively convergence theorem. However, the content of mann theorem is fuzzy. In this paper, we will give some comments . Let be a Banach space and be a nonempty subset of . A mapping is called hemi-contractive (see [1]) if and In [1], the authors introduced and investigated a modified Mann implicit iteration process for continuous hemi-contractive map. They proved the following convergence theorem.
Failure Process Analysis on Overload of Arch Dam
Authors: Xia Yu , Yu Ying Ye , Zhang Zhong Qing , Zhao Xiao Lian
Published: December 2011

Arch dam’s failure is a super nonlinear irreversible process. We can find the damage mechanism from research of it and get a more reasonable and perceive safety factor. It analyses overload of the highest RCC arch dam of the world and shows dam’s failure process by water specific gravity overcharge method and water-level overcharge method. It gets overload safety factor from study on arch dam’s failure process and also gives the reason that why different methods get different safey factor.
Fruit and Seed Development of Sorbus pohuashanensis Hedl
Authors: Yang Ling , Li Yu Hua , Shen Hai Long
Published: December 2011

Seed development traits of Sorbus pohuashanensis are discussed with special regard to embryo formation. The purpose of this research was to provide additional data for understanding embryo developmental processes and identifying the appropriate developmental stage for seed collection in S. pohuashanensis. A correlation was found between the embryo developmental stages and the time after pollination. The developmental stages cover globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages within 30 days post-pollination. There were significant differences in embryo length, width and length to width ratio at different development stages. A significant negative correlation between embryo dry weight (DW) and moisture content (MC) was also observed.
Introduction to Social Research Methods
Authors: Zhao Xiao Tong , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2011

Social research is a collection of methods people use systematically to produce knowledge. This paper introduces two main approaches to collect and analyze data. They are quantitative approach and qualitative approach. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are also explained in this paper.
Preliminary Fractionation and Derivatives Changes of Myoglobin from Tilapia (O. niloticus♀×O. aureus♂) Dark Muscle with Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Cen Jian Wei , Hao Shu Xian , Li Lai Hao , Yang Xian Qing , Huang Hui , Hong Shi , Wei Ya , He Jun Yan
Published: December 2011

Ammonium sulfate fractionation was implicated as one of essential steps to purified Myoglobin (Mb).We adopted SDS-PAGE analysis and absorption spectra scanning to demonstrate the effect of ammonium sulfate on Mb and its derivatives. The results shown that protein with the molecular weight above 37.8kDa were dominated in myoglobin extract of tilapia, which can be precipitated with ammonium sulfate. Mb molecular weight of tilapia is about 15.8 kDa, which can be collected by the treatment of ammonium sulfate with saturation between 60%-70% to remove unwanted protein. The absorption spectra show that Mb derivatives could be transferred to met-myoglobin after preliminary fractionating with ammonium sulfate.
Purification, Properties and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Two Novel Thermotolerant Endoglucanases from Bacillus akibai I-2
Authors: Liu Sen Lin , Xing Miao
Published: December 2011

The alkaliphilic bacterium strain Ⅰ-2, which was isolated from soda lakes, was identified as Bacillus akibai by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and suggested to be a new subspecies of genus Bacillus. Two novel thermotolerant alkaline endoglucanases Ⅰ-2-A and Ⅰ-2-B were produced by this alkaliphilic strain. The purified Ⅰ-2-A and Ⅰ-2-B had molecular mass of approximately 60 and 90 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH of Ⅰ-2-A was about 9.0, while that of Ⅰ-2-B was about 8.0. Both enzymes exhibited maximum activity at around 50 °C and were stable up to 50 °C.The two enzymes were resistant to most metal ions and reagents examined. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that Ⅰ-2-A was probably different from the endoglucanases reported. Ⅰ-2-B showed homology with those of family A5 endoglucanases but low similarity was found in C-terminal amino acid sequence.
Study on the Properties of Mesogenic Monomer Exhibiting Blue Phase and Synthesis of Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polysiloxanes
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Guang Cheng , Shao Shui Yuan
Published: December 2011

A new type of Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polysiloxanes was synthesized by graft polymerization, using (Trans, trans)- 4-propyl-4’-vinyl-bicyclohexane(3HHV) with platelet texture of a blue phase as mesogenic monomer. Microstructure of monomer and polymer were analyzed by polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermal properties of monomer and polymer were researched by differential scanning calorimetry. Meanwhile, spherulite texture of polymeric smectic A phase of liquid crystal polymer was revealed in the cooling cycle by polarizing optical microscopy, and this texture was so uncommon that can hardly be found in the liquid crystalline polymers.
Different Constructed Wetland Substrates and their Applications
Authors: Sheng Sheng , Rui Jian Liang , Chen Chen Yu , Wang Yin Long , Tao Ru Jun , Wei Jun
Published: December 2011

In recent years, constructed wetland technology as an alternative to conventional sewage treatment technology process has been widely used, industrial waste, agricultural waste, non-point source pollution control and reconstruction wetlands. Because the technology can remove organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus and to beautify the environment has become widely accepted, the goal of this work was to provide different constructed wetland substrates and their applications. This study was designed to determine differences in the ability of different types of constructed wetland substrates.
Preparation and Characterization of PP-PVA Blends and Controlled Release System Comprising Bensulfuron-Methyl
Authors: Tai Li Min
Published: December 2011

The matrixes for the controlled release system have been prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the reworked granules of recycled polypropylene (PP) with EVA as a compatibilizer on a single screw extruder. The changes of microphase (crystalline) structure and macrophase structure of the PP/PVA blends were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The controlled release formulation (CRF) of Bensulfuron-methyl based on the blends was prepared by means of melt-extrusion, and the release behaviors of bioactive agents were investigated in the different pH buffers with UV spectrophotometer. To a certain extent, the PP/PVA blends showed the components compatibility. The results also showed that there was gradual decrease in the crystallinity of PP with increasing PVA content. The bensulfuron-methyl CRFs exhibited the obviously controlled-release function. The release rate of bensulfuron-methyl was found to be faster in the neutral media than in acidic or basic media. The pesticide CRFs could have an important potential in reducing inefficient use and impact of pesticides in the environment. Moreover, a novel method was provided for recycling and utilizing PP wasters.
Numerical Simulation Software of Casting Process used for Computer Aided Instruction
Authors: Zeng Jian Min , Liang Jie , Hu Zhi Liu , Chen Ping , Liang Li Hua
Published: December 2011

Simulation software is an essential tool for today‘s engineers. Its application enables castings to be designed with predicting the final results prior to they are produced. Thus, the simulation plays significant role in casting production. If a realistic calculation of the mold filling and solidification processes can be made it is possible to predict casting defects caused by casting system and/or casting design. In order to understand the changes occurring during solidification of casting, numerical simulation has been used in our classroom teachings for postgraduates. The software structures, mathematical principles, software utility, functions and output criteria are introduced in this paper to demonstrate that computer aided instruction is of Intuitive, attractive and can be used in classroom before the real experiments as assistant means to help postgraduates to understand what is casting and what is solidification
Effect of the Additive on Thermal Conductivity of the Phase Change Material
Authors: Li Wei Hua , Mao Jin Feng , Wang Li Jun , Sui Lu Yan
Published: December 2011

The aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of the additives on thermal conductivity of the phase change material. The experiment about heat storage and heat release performance of the composite phase change material which uses sodium acetate trihydrate as host material is studied. The effect of the expanded graphite on the composite phase change material is investigated. The results show that: expanded graphite which can be dispersed evenly in the composite phase change material, the thermal stability is well, significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material.
The Influence of the Combustion Atmosphere on the Desulfurization Characteristics
Authors: Liu Zhi Yan , Xie Jun Lin , Guo Hui Ling
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the influences of combustion atmosphere on the desulfurization characteristics such as SO2 emission, Content of f-CaO, desulfurization degree and mneralogical composition by means of flue gas analysis, chemical analylsis and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results show that calcium sulphoaluminate gradually increase as the temperature and reached a maximum at 1300°C. However, during the process of coal combustion, the generation quanlity of calcium sulphoaluminate is not much. This is because the material composition of the coal complex, such as Fe2S, SiO2 and other substances have more influence on calcium sulphoaluminate formation. And oxidizing atmosphere promotes the ability of desulfurization at high temperature combustion, and the reducing atmosphere is contrary. The oxidizing atmosphere reduces the SO2 emissions, improves the burnability of raw materials, promotes the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate and thus increases the desulfurization degdree. Whereas, the reducing atmosphere promotes the decomposition of CaSO4, increasing the SO2 emissions and f-CaO contents, reduces the formation of calclium desulfurization degree greatly, and then decreases the desulfurization degree. Introduction
Influence of the MB Value of Manufactured Sand on the Mechanical Property of Concrete
Authors: Zhou Wen Juan , Lin Song
Published: December 2011

In this paper, influence of micro-fines on the manufactured sand and influence of manufactured sand containing micro-fines on concrete is studied. Using the MB value of manufactured sand to control the content of micro-fines in manufactured sand. The experimental results show that if MB value is less than 1.0, content of micro-fines is less than 15%, concrete keeps a high level of compressive strength ; both the content and property of micro-fines have a certain influence on the compressive strength of concrete; the fineness of micro-fines has influence on the early strength of concrete, but little influence on the later strength of concrete.
Preparation and Characterization of Three Dimensional Sn-Co Alloy Based on Porous Ni for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Li Xia , Zhang Shi Chao , Liu Wen Bo
Published: December 2011

A three-dimensional dendritic Sn-Co anode was prepared on the porous Ni substrate via pulse current electrodeposition methond, and characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive (EDX) analyzer. Then its electrochemical property were studied by means of charging-discharging (C-D) test. The influences of the current density and eletrochemical technique has been studied. Besides this, the importance of annealing for the cycling performance of the as-prepared electrode had been dicussed.
Three Reductions Used in Preparation of the Silver Nano-Particle for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell and its Characterization
Authors: Peng Qian , Zhu Yue Lin
Published: December 2011

Three different chemical reductions are used to synthesize spherical silver particles with different sizes. The results show that the sizes of silver particles by glucose、HCOONH4 and NaBH4 reduction are 49nm, 187nm and 37nm and those silver particles with the size below 100nm by HCOONH4 and NaBH4 reduction have narrow size distributions of 30-70nm. In addition, it has been found that adding a small amount of silver nano-particle can improve the conductivity of that whose size surpasses 100nm which is beneficial to the increase of efficiency of the solar cell when adding it into the silver electronic paste.
Castor Oil and Microcrystalline Cellulose Based Polymer Composites with High Tensile Strength
Authors: Miao Shi Da , Liu You Yan , Wang Ping , Zhang Song Ping
Published: December 2011

Castor oil and microcrystalline cellulose were employed as biomass feedstock to produce bio-based polymer composites with increased tensile strength. The polymer composites were prepared by curing castor oil with 4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) in the presence of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) or modified MC (MMC). The MMC was prepared by reacting MDI with MC to introduce isocyanate groups to the surface of MC. X-ray diffraction spectra suggested the good retention of the crystalline structure of MC or MMC in the composites. SEM analysis showed the well dispersion of MC or MMC in the composites. All of these factors are critical to reinforcing the composites. Mechanical tests of the composites revealed that the reinforcing effect of MMC was more significant than MC at high cellulose content such that the highest tensile strengths of 4.87 MPa was obtained for the composite containing 43% (wt) of MMC. That is almost 5 times higher than that of neat castor oil-based polyurethane.
Corrosion Behavior of Porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr Alloy in Different Simulated Body Fluids
Authors: Li Yu Xuan , Cui Zhen Duo , Yang Xian Jin , Zhu Sheng Li
Published: December 2011

Porous Ti alloys are novel biomedical candidates for surgical implant application. The corrosion resistance of porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr alloy with 41.54% porosity prepared from conventional sintering was investigated by means of open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in 0.9% NaCl physiological and Hank’s solutions with different pH values (2.4, 5.4, 7.4) at 310 K, respectively. Meaning solid Ti-24Nb-4Zr alloy was chosen as a reference. Porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr alloy shows wide passive regions based on anodic polarization curves. These observations suggest that porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr alloy owns excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, they are potential for biomedical applications.
Effect of Low-Voltage Electric Current Pulse on Semi-Solid Microstructure of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D
Authors: Zhou Quan , Chen Le Ping , Yin Jian
Published: December 2011

The effect of discharging cycle, voltage, capacitance and time on solidified microstructure of semi-solid slurry of AZ91D alloy treated with Low-Voltage Electric Current Pulse(LVECP) was investigated in this paper. The experimental results show that primary grains of AZ91D alloy were refined apparently, the morphology dendrites of α-Mg were changed by electric current pulse and the nondendritic structure of semi-solid slurry of AZ91D alloy could be obtained with appropriate processing parameters. The decrease of discharging cycle and the increase of discharging voltage and time to prepare semisolid slurry by LVECP discharge promotes the formation of fine α-Mg grains. It is proposed that LVECP treatment created a new dynamic factor for nucleation so that the number of nuclei increased, which restrained the formation of large primary α-Mg dendrites and created a base to form spherical crystals of primary α-Mg. The stronger temperature fluctuation in the melt with many rosette primary α-Mg caused by LVECP discharge and the remelting of the secondary arm roots in the same time are the most important reasons for formation of spherical primary α-Mg grains.
Research on Process Optimization of Thin-Wall Plastics Injection Based on Moldflow and Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Zai Liang
Published: December 2011

Warpage makes the plastic products deviate from the shape of the mold cavity that is one of the common weaknesses of plastics. In this paper, the melt temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure and holding pressure time are chosen as the study objects, and the use of Moldflow combined with orthogonal experiment method determine the best combination of molding process parameters to obtain the minimum warpage value, which improves the quality of injection products.
Simulation of Microstructures in Solidification of Continuous Casting Aluminum Alloy Thin Strip
Authors: Chen Shou Dong , Chen Jing Chao , Lv Lian Hao
Published: December 2011

Based on the research on the solidification of twin-roll continuous casting aluminum alloy thin strip, the analytical model of heterogeneous nucleation, the growth kinetics of tip (KGT) of twin-roll continuous casting aluminum alloy thin strip solidification are established by means of the principle of metal solidification, meantime based on the cellular automaton, the emulational model of twin-roll continuous casting aluminum alloy thin strip solidification is established. The foundation for the emulational simulation of twin-roll continuous casting thin strip solidification structure is laid. Meanwhile has confirmed the mathematical simulation feasibility by using the solidification process of twin-roll continuous casting aluminum alloy Thin Strip.
Computational Simulation of Corrosion Perforation in the Oil-Tank Bottom with Cellular Automata
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Zi Li , Cao Zhi Shuan
Published: December 2011

Corrosion perforation in the oil-tank bottom is one of the most damaging mechanisms in oil-tanks. This paper presents a two-dimentional cellular automata model which simulates the corrosion perforation in the oil-tank bottom. According to the mechanism of metal corrosion in the oil-tank bottom, the CA model which simulates the electrochemical reactions and diffusion steps of pitting corrosion is proposed. With a series of simulation, the results show that CA is a powerful approach to model corrosion perforation in the oil-tank bottom, which could be of practical importance in predicting the security of oil-tanks.
Research on the Effects of Welding Sequence on Welding Residual Stress of High-Speed Train Based on SYSWELD
Authors: Chen Yong Hong , Chen Peng , Tian Ai Qin
Published: December 2011

The finite element model of the roof of aluminum high-speed train was established, double ellipsoid heat source was employed, and heat elastic-plastic theory was used to simulate welding residual stress of the component under different welding sequence based on the finite element analysis software SYSWELD. The distribution law of welding residual stress was obtained. And the effects of the welding sequence on the value and distribution of residual stress was analyzed. The numerical results showed that the simulation data agree well with experimental test data. The maximum residual stress appears in the weld seam and nearby. The residual stress value decreases far away from the welding center. Welding sequence has a significant impact on the final welding residual stress when welding the roof of aluminum body. The side whose residual stress needs to be controlled should be welded first.
Novel Electrochemical Behavior of Organic Polymer Coating in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhu Long Biao , Liu Wei Dong , Zhong Qing Dong
Published: December 2011

The semiconducting behavior of No.20 carbon steel coated with different polymer coating in 5% sodium hydroxide solution was studied by utilizing potential-capacitance and Mott-Schottky analysis. Results showed that the phenol aldehyde resin and alkyd resin behaved as bipolar film, showed p-type semiconducting behavior at the potential range of -0.3V ~ -0.1V vs. SCE and as an n-type semiconductor at the potential range of 0V ~ 0.4V vs. SCE in 5% sodium hydroxide, whereas for the epoxy resin, it showed as an insulator in 5% sodium hydroxide solution at the same condition.
Development of CVD Diamond Thin Films on Titanium Substrate and Study their Tribological Behavior
Authors: Askari Syed Jawid
Published: December 2011

Abstract: In contrast to their exceptional mechanical properties, titanium and its alloys possess poor friction and wear characteristics. Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films appear to be a promising solution for their tribological problem due to their smooth surfaces and small grain size. However, the synthesis of a well adherent NCD film on titanium and its alloys is always complicated due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials, the complex nature of the interlayer formed during diamond deposition, and the difficulty in achieving very high nucleation density. In this work NCD thin films have been deposited on pure Ti substrates in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MWPCVD) reactor under fixed pressure and methane concentration in hydrogen but over a wide temperature range. The effects of depositing temperatures on the adhesion of films are evaluated using Rockwell indentation tests. It is found that by increasing the deposition temperature the films bonding deteriorates. The films synthesized are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
The Tribological Characteristics of Polyimide Bonded Solid Lubricating Films under Different Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Ye Yin Ping , Yang Rui Jie , Wan Hong Qi , Chen Jian Min , Zhou Hui Di
Published: December 2011

In this paper, the tribological behaviors of polyimide bonded PTFE solid lubricating film and polyimide bonded MoS2 solid lubricating film under dry sliding and under lubrication of kerosene oil, diesel fuel, paraffin liquid and lubrication oil were investigated by using a ring-on-block wear tester. The results show that the anti-friction and wear-resistance properties of both lubricating films are greatly improved under oil lubrication conditions as compared with the dry friction condition; the friction coefficients of both lubricating films under different oil lubrications keep steady-state value with 0.08; but both lubricating films under different oil lubrications reveal the different wear-resistance properties, such as the best wear-resistance properties under diesel fuel, followed by paraffin liquid, lubrication oil and kerosene oil; the differences in the wear-resistance properties of the lubricating films under different lubrication conditions are mainly ascribed to the influence of the oil’s characteristics, especially boiling point and viscosity.
Study on Corrosion-Resisting Properties of High-Speed Arc Sprayed Zn-Al Alloy Coating in Caverns
Authors: Lou Miao , Lu Yu Feng , Ma Chun Lin , Hu Yong Le , Zhou Meng , Yang Huan
Published: December 2011

Zn、Al alloy coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology on 16MnR steel substrates, With the design salt spray test, Study on the corrosion resistance of the Zn、Al alloy coating in the grotto environment. The porosity of the metal coating and the compact of the corrosion are infection on the corrosion resistance of the coating. Al coating and Zn/Al(300/100) coating corrosion resistance better than others on 16MnR steel.