bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Effect of Bioplasticizer Type of Epoxy Used Cooking Oil on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber Vulcanizate
Authors: Saputra Andri , Satwikanitya Pani , Sya’bani Muh Wahyu , Agustian Mertza Fitra
Published: January 2024

The high volume of used cooking oil is one of the biggest obstacles. Unsaturated fatty acids in waste cooking oil have the potential as a raw material for producing  plasticizer of epoxy oil. The development of renewable plasticizers based on natural materials to replace petroleum plasticizers has become the concern of many researchers due to the issue of depletion of petroleum raw materials, environmental problems, and health issues caused by petroleum plasticizers. This research aims to study the effect of different types of epoxy used cooking oil plasticizers on the mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. Used cooking oil that still contains unsaturated fatty acids was epoxidized by reflux method at 60oC using n-hexane solvent, glacial acetic acid catalyst and IR-120 amberlite resin, and oxygen donor hydrogen peroxide for 4 hours (MJE4), 6 hours (MJE6), and 8 hours (MJE8). The epoxy used cooking oil was characterized for oxirane number using the titration method. The epoxy cooking oil plasticizer was applied to the rubber compound and the mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizate were tested. The analysis showed that MJE8 was the epoxy cooking oil with the highest oxirane number of 2.42% with a relative oxirane conversion of 84.92%. Epoxy cooking oil that has a higher oxirane content can increase the hardness and abrasion index, and reduce the tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of rubber vulcanizates. The use of MJE8 produced rubber vulcanizates with higher elasticity properties, such as tensile strength (19.1 N/mm2), elongation at break (792.3%), and tear strength (26 N/mm). Meanwhile, MJE4 produced rubber vulcanizates with higher hardness and abrasion index with values of 68.7 HA and 90.8%, respectively.
Pengaruh Penambahan Poli Vinil Alkohol (PVA) pada Enkapsulasi Minyak Kacang Kenari dalam Urea-Formaldehid untuk Aplikasi Self-Healing Coating
Authors: Suyatmo Reviana Inda Dwi , Topandi Abdussalam , Sari Lathiefah Oktriananda , Nulhakim Lukman
Published: January 2024

Self-healing coating is a method that can be used to minimize the impact of cracks on metal surfaces. Self-healing coating repairs cracks without human intervention. In microcapsule self-healing coating, there is a core material and a shell. The core material is the healing agent for surface damage, while the shell will break if a crack occurs, removing the core material. In this study, the core material used is walnut oil which belongs to the drying oil group while the shell material used was urea-formaldehyde. Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) took a role as a surfactant in the microcapsule reaction. The PVA concentrations used were 0%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. The results of the microcapsule diameter test showed that 5% PVA produced microcapsules with the smallest diameter of 90.1426 microns. Based on the results of observations through a microscope, it was also seen that without the addition of PVA, the formation of microcapsule granules did not occur where the results were still agglomerated. The results of the thermal stability test using Thermo Gravimetry Analyzer (TGA) showed that the addition of PVA had no significant effect on the decomposition temperature of the microcapsule where this decomposition temperature was still under the requirements for coating applications. The results of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test also strengthen the results of microscope. Microcapsules of 5% PVA was better and do not clump when compared to 4% PVA microcapsules.
Perancangan Tabung Motor Roket RX 250 Akibat Laju Perpindahan Panas dan Tekanan
Authors: Rahmasari Fauzhia , Djatmiko Agus Budi , Digdoyo Aji , Yuniaty Erma , Kurniawati Nani , Artana I Nyoman , Setiohadi Bagas
Published: January 2024

AbstrakTabung motor roket salah satu komponen roket yang sangan penting. Oleh karena fungsinya, tabung motor roket harus benar-benar mempunyai faktor keamanan yang cukup baik. Kenaikan tekanan dan temperatur dalam tabung dapat menimbulkan pembebanan atau gaya pada tabung motor roket ke arah radial dan aksial dan juga menimbulkan gaya akibat tegangan panas. Temperatur gas yang dihasilkan akibat pembakaran cukup tinggi, sehingga dapat menyebabkan tegangan pada material tabung motor roket, untuk itu perlu dianalisa lebih lanjut agar mendapatkan kinerja roket yang lebih baik. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai perancangan pada tabung motor roket RX 250 LAPAN akibat beban tekanan dan termal akibat gas pembakaran. Pada perancangan ini digunakan bahan dari AISI 1045 dengan .Hasil perancangan terhadap tabung motor roket RX 250 LAPAN didapat besarnya tegangan akibat tekanan 40 bar, didapat sebesar , tegangan akibat panas adalah , dan tegangan total yang terjadi adalah , dengan faktor keamanan sebesar SF = 2.4. Hal ini aman bagi tabung motor roket RX 250.Kata Kunci: Tegangan tabung, tekanan ruang bakar, temperatur
Pengembangan Purwarupa Sistem Monitoring dan Proteksi Logam Menggunakan Metode Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Raihan Rafi Ferdiansyah , Bakti Reza Kelana , Ulyana Sekhah , Rahmawati Dien , Budiman Faisal
Published: January 2024

AbstrakLogam adalah unsur yang sering digunakan pada industri maupun pada bidang konstruksi terutama logam besi. Namun, logam besi juga dapat mengalami korosi dan oksidasi ketika terkontaminasi oleh lingkungan yang mengandung oksigen.  Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem monitoring dan proteksi korosi yang efektif untuk mencegah kerusakan pada logam besi. Metode yang digunakan untuk proteksi korosi pada logam adalah dengan Cathodic Protection. Cathodic Protection terdiri dari Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) dan Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP). Metode ICCP melibatkan penggunaan arus listrik untuk mencegah korosi pada logam besi, sedangkan metode SACP melibatkan penggunaan logam yang lebih reaktif untuk melindungi logam besi dari korosi. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode SACP. Sistem ini terintegrasi IoT karena memiliki modul Wi-Fi. Data pengukuran berupa nilai tegangan pada logam dikirimkan ke platform ThingSpeak sehingga monitoring dapat dilakukan pada LCD, website, dan aplikasi android. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan ini berhasil memproteksi logam besi yang terlindungi anoda dari logam zinc. Nilai tegangan logam besi terproteksi sebesar 1,04V pada air tawar. Diharapkan sistem ini dapat memberikan perlindungan yang efektif terhadap korosi pada logam besi. Kata kunci : Corrosion, ICCP, IoT, Iron, SACP
Pengaruh Amplitudo Sonikasi pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Berbasis Biomaterial Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pila ampullacea) dengan Metode Ultrasound Assisted Precipitation
Authors: Prameswari Virdha Alifyana , Prameswari Regita , Karisma Achmad Dwitama
Published: January 2024

Abstrak Berdasarkan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Depkes RI tahun 2013, angka kejadian patah tulang atau insiden fraktur di Indonesia cukup tinggi menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan alat medis untuk perbaikan tulang.  Salah satu alat tersebut adalah suture anchor yang berfungsi menghubungkan tendon ke tulang. Salah satu bahan yang memenuhi kriteria menjadi bahan suture anchor adalah cangkang keong sawah karena mengandung kalsium fosfat. Metode sintesis yang digunakan adalah metode Ultrasound Assisted Precipitation.  Amplitudo sonikasi diatur dengan beberapa persentase berbeda, yaitu 10%; 40%; 70%; 90%; dan 100%. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh amplitudo pada hasil sintesis hidroksiapatit dengan bahan cangkang keong sawah. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengujian karakteristik HAp dari Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pila ampullacea) menggunakan uji FTIR dan XRD. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sintesis hidroksiapatit (HAp) dapat dihasilkan dari bahan yang mengandung unsur CaCO3 yakni cangkang keong sawah menggunakan metode Ultrasound Assisted Precipitation. Kondisi terbaik untuk mendapatkan kristal hidroksiapatit adalah amplitudo sonikasi 100% dengan intensitas puncak pada sudut 2Θ pada suhu sintering 800 °C selama 6 jam sesuai data JCPDS 09-0432. Hasil pengujian XRD menunjukkan bahwa pada amplitudo rendah yakni 10%, kristalinitas menunjukkan hasil terendah, yaitu 11,48%. Sedangkan pada amplitudo tinggi yakni 100%, kristalinitas menunjukkan angka terbesar, yaitu 73,37%.Kata kunci : Hydroxyapatite, Rice Field Snail Shell, Ultrasound.
RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS DIGITAIS PARA O ENSINO DE ESTATÍSTICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gomes Milena Vasconcelos , Teixeira Paula Iriane Sousa , Castro Juscileide Braga de
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho se caracteriza como Revisão Sistemática e tem como objetivo analisar elementos técnicos e pedagógicos de Recursos Educacionais Digitais de Matemática (RED) que explorem Estatística no Ensino Fundamental. Para isso, fez-se buscas nos seguintes repositórios e referatórios: plataforma MEC de RED, Athena, Phet Colorado, Objetos de Aprendizagem para Matemática (OBAMA), Núcleo de Computação Aplicada (NOAS), Dá licença, Escola Digital, Edumatec e Portal do Professor. Após a seleção, seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se oito RED: Estatística Visual, Nomes no Brasil, Trend do Google, Probabilidade Plinko, CTI Estatística, Estatística Fácil, Divertix e É o bicho 2.0. Estes RED podem ser classificados como: jogos, simulações e páginas da web. A análise dos atributos técnicos, como o tipo de acesso e tecnologias requeridas para o uso dos RED, revelou que a maior parte dos RED tem acesso multiplataforma, funcionando em diferentes sistemas, e 62,5% destes RED podem ser usados de maneira offline. Quanto às questões pedagógicas, os RED possibilitam explorar resolução de situações problemas, criar banco de dados, realizar inferências nos dados, assim como realizar a criação, a análise e a interpretação de gráficos, dentre outros. Essas características podem contribuir para a participação ativa dos alunos no processo de construção do conhecimento, a depender da proposta pedagógica do professor.
UM PANORAMA DE DUAS DÉCADAS DE PESQUISAS NAS QUAIS SCIENTIFIC LITERACY É UMA NOÇÃO CENTRAL.
Authors: Bastos Cunha Rodrigo
Published: January 2024

No Brasil, o tema scientific literacy começou a aparecer nas pesquisas em educação científica nos anos 1990. Desde então, duas expressões relacionadas a esse conceito são utilizadas em português: alfabetização científica, a mais utilizada; e letramento científico, que aparece em um número crescente de trabalhos nos últimos anos. Este artigo apresenta uma análise quantitativa de pesquisas brasileiras publicadas em português entre 2000 e 2019, para as quais scientific literacy é uma noção central. Para isso, foram utilizadas quatro bases de dados: Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO e Google Scholar. Através da leitura de títulos, resumos e palavras-chave de dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado, trabalhos completos publicados em anais de congressos e trabalhos publicados em periódicos, a análise visou observar se estavam explícitos nesses campos as disciplinas e etapas de ensino que foram estudadas, o tema educacional focalizado no estudo e o tipo de abordagem de ensino de ciências. Os resultados mostram que ambos os grupos incorporam contribuições da divulgação científica e do movimento CTS e as disciplinas que mais aparecem são biologia e química. Entre os trabalhos sobre letramento científico, há bem mais estudos envolvendo o ensino superior e também se destacam as abordagens envolvendo questões de linguagem.
ENSINO E PANDEMIA NA PERSPECTIVA DE DOCENTES DA REDE BÁSICA
Authors: Da Silva  Goulart Aline , Athaide Rocha Kellen Mariane , Fetterman Fernanda , Fernandes Salgueiro Andreia Caroline , Folmer Vanderlei
Published: January 2024

O pós-pandemia representa um período de notável reconfiguração nos paradigmas de ensino e aprendizagem. Recentemente, observou-se uma série de transformações educacionais: inicialmente, a transição do Ensino Tradicional para o Remoto, seguida pela adoção do Ensino Híbrido e o subsequente retorno ao formato presencial. No contexto dessas complexidades, os educadores deparam-se com novos desafios. Assim, esse estudo objetivou investigar as percepções docentes acerca das modalidades de ensino e pandemia, à luz da retomada das atividades presenciais e do surgimento de variantes do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário. Grande parte dos docentes demonstrou familiaridade sobre o Ensino Híbrido, entretanto, ocorrem confusões com o Ensino Remoto e o Ensino a Distância. Evidenciou-se que os docentes tiveram receio diante do retorno ao ensino presencial, principalmente pela permanência do medo da contaminação pelo vírus. Os participantes ressaltaram a necessidade de apoio com questões relacionadas à pandemia e com os desafios no pós-pandemia. Os dados mostraram que o cenário educacional vigente proporciona uma reflexão acerca dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, possivelmente representando um gérmen de cristalização conducente à concretização de transformações substanciais na estrutura escolar preconcebida.
Predicting salinity intrusion for the coastal rice cultivation areas in the Mekong Delta ​
Authors: LAM V. H.
Published: January 2024

The Mekong Delta is one of the most vulnerable regions to the impacts of climate change (CC). Prolonged drought causes salinity intrusion, which has become more and more complicated and seriously affects agricultural production and residential daily life. Therefore, studies on salinity intrusion play a critical role in socio-economic development. This study applies the remote sensing techniques to predict salinity intrusion at the main estuaries across the Mekong Delta based on comparing with observed salinity data for the years 2014, 2016, and 2020, at 22 hydrology stations along the Tien River and the Hau River. The results show that salinity tends to decrease gradually, inland from the estuary; it gradually increases from January, peaking in February, March, or April, and then gradually decreases. The farthest salinity intrusion extended approximately 80 km inland, at the Ham Luong branch, and 56-61 km inland from the other branches. Overall, salinity intrusion penetrated the deepest at four main river branches in 2020. Salinity intrusion can be predicted through multiple regression models.
Molecular characterization of Enterobcater ludwigii using 16S rDNA isolated from carrot, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: January 2024

Enterobacter is an exceptionally diverse genus of bacteria found in various habitats associated with soil, plants, and animals, including humans. Enterobacter species are gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is also described as non-spore-forming, flagella-containing, urease-positive, and lactose fermenting. Enterobacter includes several species, which can be risky pathogenic bacteria to vegetables, including carrots, and therefore have an impact on the fresh production of carrots. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Enterobacter from a carrot field in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the bacterium associated with tomato filed from South Africa's soils using 16S rDNA marker. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The bacterium was identified as Enterobacter. The Nblast analysis showed South African E. ludwigii has 98% similarity with a population from India (MW383808). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Enterobacter in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 16S rDNA properly. However, using other DNA markers for a better understanding of Enterobacter phylogeny is recommended.
Testing of moisture-saturating polymers and synthetic mulching materials for growing fruit and berry crops
Authors: N. KRYUCHKOV S. , V. SOLONKIN A. , S. SOLOMENTSEVA A.
Published: January 2024

The article studies the growth and development of red raspberry (Rubus idaelus L.), Nanjing cherry (Prunus tomentosa Thunb.), golden currants (Ribes aureum Pursh.), and sea buckthorn (Hippophaerhamnoides L.) in the variants of the experiment polymer gel + film + additional wetting by rainwater and meltwater runoff; polymer gel + film; polymer gel; control (without polymer gel and film). It was established that the use of a mulching black film could increase the moisture content of the root zone by up to 40%. When determining the water deficit, it was found that the experimental plants lost less moisture. Under the influence of hydrogels, the irrigation depth of fruit and berry crops was reduced by 50%. It was found that the black mulch film had a warming effect on the soil, which also had a positive effect on plant growth and development increasing the root zone temperature. Red raspberry bushes formed better when using hydrogels in the soil; during seasonal observations, an increased number of first-year canes was noted up to 2.5 higher than in the control. The hydrogel and mulching film had the best effect on Nanjing cherries, increasing the number of leaves on experimental plants and formed fruit shoots. Sea buckthorn under the film exceeded biometric indicators by 2 times vs the control plants. In golden currant plants, the best growth and development were observed in the variant using hydrogel and mulching film; foundation stocks developed intensively and bore fruit better with the experiment continuation, it is possible to obtain high profits from the sale of grown products. The use of hydrogels and mulch film reduces herbicide costs by reducing weeds and producing organic fruits and berries.
Ecological and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex in the zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region
Authors: BELYAKOV A. M. , NAZAROVA M. V.
Published: January 2024

Light chestnut soils are the most vulnerable to external factors. In the system of balanced farming, an important place is occupied by the forest reclamation complex, which performs the ecological function of preserving and restoring degraded territories and soils. The zonal aspect of the impact of the agroforestry complex on soil and crops is poorly studied, the choice of criteria for assessing the impact on the agrolandscape causes discussion, there is no theory of rational land use, which determines the relevance of this work. Moreover, there are about 930 thousand hectares of low-productive degraded arable land in the Volgograd region. Therefore, the purpose of the research conducted from 2016 to 2022 was to study the environmental and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex in the zone of chestnut soils. The research methodology is based on the developments of the GNU VNIIZiZPE, FGBNU VNIALMI, FGBNU "Rosinformagrotech", on the analysis and generalization of scientific literature, data obtained from three economic entities, with different options for agrotechnological and forest reclamation factors and control outside their impact zone. The normative values of the structure have been clarified, supplemented, and the ecological and economic efficiency of the agroforestry complex of the arid zone has been established. A high level of profitability of winter wheat grain production of 92.4-170.4% and a balance of agricultural production of 4 points were revealed, which, under the conditions of anthropogenic and climatic stress of agricultural production, ensures the formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes and the implementation of the idea of rational farming and land use in areas of insufficient and deficient moisture.
Observations of Pseudomonas fragi in connection with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using 16S rDNA from Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: GELDENHUYS GAVIN
Published: January 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the premier vegetables in the world and is widely cultivated. As it is a relatively short-duration crop with a high yield, it is economically attractive, and the area under cultivation is increasing. Many studies showed when plants are associated with Pseudomonas, the growth parameter of plants promote because of suppressing pathogenic micro-organisms, and plants become resistant to disease. This study was conducted to isolate and identify a Pseudomonas bacterium from a tomato field in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, the molecular study was conducted in 2022 at the University of Limpopo to identify the bacterium associated with tomato filed from South Africa's soils using 16S rDNA marker. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas fragi. The Nblast analysis showed South African P. fragi has 96% similarity with a strain from Italy (MG972899). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as P. fragi in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 16S rDNA; however, other DNA markers are recommended for a better understanding of P. fragi phylogeny.
Comprehensive assessment of degradation and methods of phytomelioration of low-yielding soils of the Volga region
Authors: RYBASHLYKOVA L. P.
Published: January 2024

In the Volgograd Region, more than 3.9 million hectares of agricultural land, including 2.1 million hectares of arable land (36%), and 1.8 million hectares of hayfields and pastures (64%), are subject to degradation and desertification to one degree or another. The article presents the results of a survey of the Trans-Volga region, by the percentage ratio of areas of low-yielding soils subject to degrading factors and calculations of a complex indicator of soil Dр. It was found that the low-productive lands of the Bykovsky district are subject to a moderate level of degradation (Dp = 0.94). An increased level of soil degradation was noted in the Mykolaiv and Staropoltavsky districts with a Dp equal to 0.91 and 0.89. A high level of degradation was detected in the Leninsky, Pallasovsky and Sredneakhtubinsky districts with Dp equal to 0.87, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. In areas with a moderate level of degradation, a set of measures with superficial improvement is proposed. With an increased and high level of degradation, it is proposed to use root and surface improvement with the use of drought-resistant and halophytic vegetation. The results of calculations of the complex, indicator of the degree of degradation of low-yielding lands of the Volga region and the proposed methods of phytomelioration are the basis for making tactical decisions to reduce the impact of degradation factors on the soil.
Effects of the microbial organic fertilizer and plant density on growth, development and yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Central Vietnam
Authors: NHI PHAN THI PHUONG , PHUC LE KHAC , TOAN NGUYEN VAN , HUYEN THAI THI , NGU NGUYEN HUU
Published: January 2024

Roselle is a potential crop in Vietnam due to its wide adaptation and many uses. In Thua Thien Hue province – Central Vietnam, the roselle has been grown widely at Phong Dien district. However, local people were growing on their experience and mainly using inorganic fertilizers, which had affected the crop yield partly. In order to towards environmentally friendly and contribute to completing the growing process to expand the safe material area for roselle, the experiments were carried out during 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the effects of microbial organic fertilizer doses and planting density on the growth, development and yield of roselle. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments, with three doses of microbial organic fertilizer (0, 0.5, 1.5 tons/ha) and four planting densities (21000, 24000, 28000, 33000 plants/ha), arranged in a split-plot design with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that in the 0.5 tons/ha of microbial organic fertilizer application treatment and planted at 33000 plants/ha had the highest yield per plant in both crops (568.04 and 590.04 g/plant), with yields of 20.98 and 20.56 tons/ha, respectively. Therefore, it could be recommended to use that amount of microbial organic fertilizer and plant density in the process of growing roselle in Thua Thien Hue and similar ecological regions.
Species composition of perennial weeds as influenced by mechanical steam treatment
Authors: L. SAPUNKOV V. , YU. GUZENKO A.
Published: January 2024

Despite the great aspect of the use of chemical agents for plant protection against weeds, it is not always 100% commensurate with preparations. Since each plant develops immunity to drugs over a period of time, thus many agricultural producers strive to improve and find new methods of destroying parasites harming plants. Modern agricultural production reasonably puts forward the requirements for increasing the profitability and environmental safety of the products obtained. In this regard, there are great opportunities for the effective use of mechanical and physical methods of weed control, instead of problematic options for the use of herbicides. The improvement of tillage systems, in terms of greening agriculture, is primarily associated with their adaptation to a variety of soil and climatic conditions and in-depth differentiation in accordance with the agro-ecological requirements of crops. An optimally selected tillage system maintains a favorable phytosanitary condition of the soil for plants. Based on previous research in this area, the experience was studied and referred. The article presents the results of the number of treatments for the predominant weeds in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation. Taking into account early studies, it was revealed that due to the increased share of grain crops in the crop rotation, the amount of weed vegetation in the field increases over the years. We chose the chisel treatment method by the working bodies of the "Ranch" with a reservoir turnover of 0.12-0.15 m. When taking into account the clogging, the methods of A.M. Tulikov were used. There is a noticeable reduction in the contamination of certain plant species in all the years of the study for 2020-2022. Therefore, the goal was set to study each type of weed vegetation after cultivations prevailing in the Southern Federal District. The results were reliable and complete. By carrying out multiple cultivations, it was possible to identify weed vegetation most susceptible to processing by chisel organs of the "RANCH" without the introduction of chemical means of protection.
Seed production techniques for enhancing millet yields in chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region
Authors: SOLONKIN A. V. , SUKHAREVA E. P. , BELIKINA A. V.
Published: January 2024

Growing millet in the Nizhnevolzhsky region is as a drought-resistant crop that guarantees the provision of the food industry with raw materials and animal feed is extremely important. Seed-growing work on millet is currently represented by three varieties, as the most in demand among peasant farms. In technological issues of growing millet, insufficient attention has been paid to seeding rates for seed purposes in the arid region of the Lower Volga region. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal and economically justified sowing rate for obtaining seeds of sowing millet in the Lower Volga region. Studies to establish optimal seeding rates for seed purposes of millet sowing were carried out on an experimental plot in the Kamyshinsky district, Volgograd region. The obtained data on the yield of millet were processed by the method of dispersion analysis. As a result of studies to determine the optimal seeding rate for millet, it was found that for seed purposes the most effective seeding rate was 25 kg/ha, at this rate the Diana variety was the most productive - 1.8 t/ha. With the profitability of seed production - 207.3%. With a seeding rate of 20 kg/ha, the yield of the same variety was 1.6 t/ha, the profitability was 244.8%. The leading variety in the test had the highest weight of 1000 seeds - 8.7 g and protein content in the grain - 13.9%. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained in millet crops at a seeding rate of 25 kg/ha (1.8 t/ha) in the Diana variety. The result of the variety Diana is higher than that of the standard variety Saratovskoe 6 by 0.1 t/ha.
Effect of nutrient omission on growth and productivity of rabi rice
Authors: MAJUMDER SITABHRA , SHANKAR TANMOY , MAITRA SAGAR , ADHIKARY RAHUL , SAIRAM MASINA
Published: January 2024

Rice is a crucial cereal crop in India and globally, serving as a staple food for over 50% of the world's population. In India, rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in agriculture. As we know, rice, being a cereal crop, requires substantial amounts of nutrients, particularly primary nutrients. Effective nutrient management practices are crucial in modern-day farming. The application of primary nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium greatly influences rice productivity. Additionally, secondary nutrients such as Sulphur (S) and micronutrients like zinc (Zn) can contribute to improved yield attributes and grain quality. To investigate this, a field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2021-22 at the Post-graduate Research Farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture in Gajapati, Odisha. The experiment employed the nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) on sandy clay loam soil. The randomized block design included seven treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of different combinations of N, P, K, Zn and S doses. The rice variety Naveen (CR 749-20-2, IET 14461) was used, and the recommended doses of fertilizers (N-P2O5-K2O-Zn-S) were applied at 120-60-60-05-25 kg/ha, respectively. The nutrient omission technique significantly improved the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rabi rice. Among the omission treatments, the application of 100% NPKZnS demonstrated superior results in terms of growth, yield and nutrient uptake, while the control treatment (no fertilizer) exhibited the lowest outcomes. Based on this study, it can be recommended that the application of primary nutrients is essential for obtaining optimum yields in rice crops. Additionally, the inclusion of micronutrients such as Zn and S can further enhance rice productivity and grain quality.
Evaluating pre-sowing seed treatment on the germination of important forest fruit plant species
Authors: HAZARIKA P. , KUMAR AJAY , DAS DHRUBAJYOTI
Published: January 2024

Propagation of wild fruit species is rare, somewhat difficult and necessitates for standardization for their conservation and uphold livelihood. Therefore, a trial was conducted on pre-sowing seed treatment to evaluate best treatment for germination of Dimocarpus longan Lour. (Sapindaceae) Falcourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Flacourtiaceae) and Myrica esculanta Buch. Ham. Ex. D. Don (Myricaceae) in the nursery of ICFRE- Rain Forest Research Institute, Sotai, Jorhat. The seed germination test was conducted in nursery bed filled with mixture of Soil and FYM at the ratio of 3:1. The study revealed that germination of seeds influenced by pre-sowing treatments. Among 6 pre-sowing seed treatments given for Dimocarpus longan, the highest germination percentage (80%) was obtained in cold water treatment for 24 hours and the lowest (26%) for the seed treated with 20% Suphuric acid (H2So4) for 15 min. Likewise, amongst 7 pre sowing seeds treatments for Flacourtia jangomas, 80% germination was observed for the soaking treatment of 5% ethrel for 5 min, followed by Gibberellic acid (GA3) 800 ppm treatment for 18 hours was 63%. Among 6 different pre sowing seed treatments of Myrica esculenta, the 15 min soaking treatment with 20% H2So4 was recorded for 30% germination, followed by 30% H2So4 for 20 min was 20%. Observed that seeds of Dimocarpus longan were started germination on 9 day of sowing and completed within 30 days. Germination of Flacourtia jangomas seeds started on 45 day of sowing and completed within 90 days. The seed of Myrica esculenta was observed to germinate 6 months after sowing.
Effect of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients on the growth, yield and economics of traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Mappilai samba
Authors: KUMAR S. PRAVEEN , SENTHILKUMAR N. , POONKODI P. , THIRUPPATHI M.
Published: January 2024

The emergence of new rice varieties, including HYV, hybrids and genetically modified rice, which are being developed as a result of corporate-centered technology, is putting traditional rice varieties in India and throughout Asia in danger of extinction. In order to better understand how artificial and organic inputs affect traditional rice production and growth, this study was carried out. A field study was conducted in Pazhankovil village, Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India in June 2021. This experiment used a randomized block (RBD) design with 11 treatments viz., T1 – Control, T2 – 100% RDF, T3 – 50% RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t/ha, T4 – 50% RDF + VC @ 2.5 t/ha, T5 – 50% RDF + Humic granules @ 25 kg/ha, T6 – 50 % RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t/ha+ NPK Consortia, T7 – 50% RDF + VC @ 2.5 t/ha + NPK consortia, T8 – 50% RDF + Humic granules @ 25 kg/ha + NPK consortia, T9 – 50% RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t/ha + NPK consortia + Seaweed liquid @ 2% (FS two times), T10 – 50% RDF + VC @ 2.5 t/ha + NPK consortia + Seaweed liquid @ 2% (FS two times) and T11 – 50 % RDF + Humic granules @ 25 kg/ha + NPK consortia + Seaweed liquid @ 2% (FS two times) and were replicated thrice. Treatments consist of various organic solids and liquids that have been given in combination with 50% RDF. Results of the experiment revealed that among the different treatments tried, T10 treatment performed better compared to other treatments and use of 50% RDF with NPK consortia and FYM 12.5 t/ha (T6) found to be at par with application of 100% RDF (T2).
Evaluation of different weed management practices on production and energy analysis of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: BALAJI E. , RAMAN R. , KRISHNAMOORTHY R.
Published: January 2024

The agricultural production system faces two main challenges: sustainability and climate change. For greater profitability, they must trade off against one another. To reduce the dependence on non-renewable resources, agricultural energy efficiency needs to be increased. Additionally, weed control is crucial to sustainability. In order to evaluate the energy balance, major energy indicators and profitability of maize under various weed control strategies, the current study was carried out. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at farmers’ field in Kurmalur village of Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu, India during Kharif season of 2021 in order to evaluate different weed management practices on production and energy analysis of maize. The field experiment was laid out with ten treatments with three replications. The treatments consist of control, hand weeding on 15 and 30 DAS, pre-emergence application of atrazine, post emergence application of tembotrine, 2,4-D, halosulfuron methyl, Tembotrine, Mesotrione + Atrazine. Pre emergence application of Atrazine 1 kg/ha on 3 DAS fb Post emergence application of Tembotrine 105 g/ha on 20 DAS recorded the highest grain (4469 kg/ha) and straw yield (5708 kg/ha) with Net energy (156860 MJ/ha) and Energy Use Efficiency (14.55).
Impact of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: SONIYA T. , ARIVAZHAGAN E.
Published: January 2024

Summer squash cultivation is becoming more and more popular among farmers due to its increased nutritional content, short growing season, and quicker economic payoff. Although there is a respectable amount of production, India's productivity is extremely poor which is big worry for the commercial cultivation of summer squash and the environmental factors causes low productivity. In order to boost production and productivity, raise the number of female flowers, increase profitability for small and marginal farmers, and combat environmental conditions, plant growth regulators play a significant role in this crop. Therefore, by introducing the use of plant growth regulators, summer squash cultivation farmers' income and yield can be raised. The investigation was carried out at the farmer’s field at Sorakalnatham, Natrampalli taluk, Tirupattur district, Tamil Nadu during February- April 2023 to study the plant growth regulators on the performance of summer squash. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatments were included different concentrations of Naphthalene acetic acid (50, 100, 150 ppm), Gibberellic acid (50, 100, 150ppm), Ethrel (150, 200, 250ppm), Malichydrazide (150, 200, 250ppm), and Control (water spray). The results indicated that the maximum values for growth attributes viz., plant height (78.32 cm), number of branches/plant (3.86) and leaf area (375.29 cm2), flowering and yield attributes viz., number of female flower/plant (11.85), number of fruits /plant (8.67), fruit set % (73.16), fruit length (44.06 cm), single fruit weight (1.37 kg), fruit yield /plant (11.37 kg) and lowest number of male flower/plant (20.69), sex ratio (1.75) were recorded in the foliar application of plant growth regulator NAA @ 100 ppm. This was followed by the foliar application of plant growth regulators ethrel @ 150 ppm. Significant differences were observed with the use of growth regulators on growth, flowering and yield traits of summer squash.
Standardization of integrated nutrient management for enhancing the yield of Manila tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce) cv. Local
Authors: R. ARTHI L. , KUMAR S. , SHAKILA ARUMUGAM , PRABUDOSS V.
Published: January 2024

The investigation on “Standardization of integrated nutrient management for enhancing the yield of Manila tamarind” was carried out to identify the application of optimum concentration of nutrients (NPK @ 100% and 50%) along with biofertilizers (FYM, vermicompost and phosphobacteria) to increase the weight of the fruit and yield of manila tamarind. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design in three replications with ten treatments. The yield parameters viz., fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), weight of the aril with seed (g),weight of the peel (g), number of arils, number of aril/ fruit, fruit yield (kg/tree/year) was found to be the highest in the treatment which received (T8) 50% of NPK + 5 kg vermicompost + 10 kg FYM+ phosphobacteria 100 g followed by (T4) FYM 10 kg + vermicompost 5 kg+ phosphobacteria 100 g and significantly the least values are observed in control. It can be concluded that the application of 50% of NPK + 5 kg vermicompost + 10 kg FYM+ phosphobacteria 100 g can be recommended for the optimum dose for application of integrated nutrients to enhance the yield of Manila tamarind.
Assessment of growth and early maturation traits in various genotypes of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: KALAISELVAN S. , LENIN A. R.
Published: January 2024

The success of any breeding programs depends on the parents chosen. Breeders select parents with high mean values as an added benefit for crossing programmes. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance of muskmelon genotypes for growth and earliness attributes. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most well-known desert vegetables, belong to the Cucurbitaceae family. Thirty-three germplasm lines were collected from different regions of India. The experiment was conducted at Puthur village, Salem district, and evaluated under Randomised Block Design with three replications during February to May 2022. The findings indicate that the genotypes CM 2, CM 16, CM 11, CM 19, CM 7, CM 13 and CM 22 reported as elite genotypes were exhibited higher values for different traits like days to first female flower opening, first female flowering node, number of vines per plant, vine length (cm), sex ratio and days to first fruit harvest. As a result, the above mentioned seven genotypes are used in the hybridization programme, could be exploited to develop elite cultivars with maximum growth and earlier in flowering and harvest.
Influences of different plant spacing on growth and yield of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: SONIYA T. , ARIVAZHAGAN E.
Published: January 2024

In summer squash correct spacing is one of the most vital factors in agricultural plant growth because it helps plants to develop to their maximum potential above and below ground. Plant density is another major factor influencing production. Inter-species competition, in general, reduces production at too high populations. However, with very low populations, environmental elements such as light, space, water, and soil are not properly exploited, resulting in an overall decrease in yield. A field experiment was conducted during July - September in 2022, at the farmer’s field at Sorakalnatham, Natrampalli taluk, Tirupattur district, Tamil Nadu. The experimental design used was randomized block layout with three replications and four treatments. In respect of growth parameter wider plant spacing T4 (2m x 1m) i.e., lower plant density produced maximum plant height (69.52 cm), number of branches/plant (3.63), number of leaves/plant (17.85) and number nodes/plant (15.39). The flowering characters was lowest value was recorded in wider plant spacing viz., days to first male flower (28.49), days to first female flower (33.42), and lowest number of male flower/plant (25.46), highest number of female flower plant-1 (7.79). And also yield parameters of fruit length (41.94 cm), fruit girth (33.54 cm), single fruit weight (1.29 kg), number of fruits/plant (5.45) and fruit yield/plant (6.51 kg) was maximum was produced in wider plant spacing except fruit yield/ha (54.15 t/ha) at closer spacing. The above said treatment was found to be on par with the treatment T3 (2m x 0.5m).
Agromorphological analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes under combined heat and drought stress conditions
Authors: POUDEL MUKTI RAM , NEUPANE MADHAV PRASAD , PAUDEL HARIKALA , BHANDARI RADHAKRISHNA , NYAUPANE SHIVALAL , DHAKAL ANJALI , PANTHI BINOD
Published: January 2024

Wheat production in the world has been limited by climate change and global warming. The gradual rise in atmospheric temperature along with uneven precipitation had become a serious threat to poor production of wheat. Agro-morphological parameter of wheat is greatly influenced by abiotic stresses such as heat waves and moisture stress. To assess the correlation and direct and indirect effect of yield-attributing traits on yield for the selection of high-yielding wheat genotypes under drought at late sown conditions, a field experiment was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa campus, Nepal during 2021/22. The experiment was laid out in alpha lattice design with twenty wheat genotypes under five blocks replicated twice. Results revealed that Bhrikuti (3322.8 kg/ha) was highest-yielding genotype whereas, NL 1179 (1883.4 kg/ha) was lowest-yielding genotype. Correlation and Path coefficient analysis showed plant height (Ph), and spike length (SL) had a significant positive correlation and direct positive effect, respectively with the grain yield (GY).Taller genotypes with longer spike length would produce more under combined heat and drought stress conditions. The cluster analysis classified the genotypes into four clusters where NL 1376 and BL 4919 lies with Bhrikuti,best commercial check variety, which could further be evaluated to release as a variety.
Impact of Parthenium hysterophorus methanolic extract on earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) and soil microbes (Azotobacter chroococcum)
Authors: S MANJU , P KOMBIAH , P ALAGUSUNDARAM
Published: January 2024

Due to the increasing use of synthetic chemical pesticides, controlling insect pests presents a significant ecological concern. Furthermore, it endangers people's health by bringing on diseases linked to human poisoning as well as those disorders. Plants are thought to be significant sources of bioactive compounds and potentially replace insecticides due to their perceived advantages. The purpose of the current investigation is to ascertain the acute toxicity of monocrotophos, a methanolic extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L., against the soil bacterium and Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg). Soxhlet apparatus was used for organic solvent extraction. The LC50 of P. hysterophorus methanolic extract (219.621 ppm) and monocrotophos (20 ppm) for 24 and 48 hours caused the earthworm mortality observed in laboratory condition by Contact filter paper test .Artificial soil test (AST), which tested for earthworm resistance in a methanol extract of P. hysterophorus at LC50 (219.621 ppm) and monocrotophos (20 ppm), were analysed after 7 and 14days in total cell viable count assay, Azotobacter chroococcum (Beijerinck) treated with monocrotophos (20 ppm), methanol extract of P. hysterophorus (219.621 ppm).Data obtained from the toxicity tests were evaluated using the Probit Analysis Statistical Method. This study showed a significantly higher cell viable count when compared monocrotophos, less toxic to non-target organisms (A. chroococcum, E. eugeniae) than monocrotophos. These findings indicated that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus has no toxic effect on E. euginae and A. chroococcum (non-target organisms).
Metode Pembelajaran Tahfiz Qur’an Dalam Menguatkan Hafalan Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor Manunggang Julu Kota Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Sahfitri Wahyu Dewi , Harahap Sumper Mulia , Hasibuan Hamdan
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetrahui (1) Pengunaan metode pembelajaran Tahfidz Qur’an dalam menguatkan hafalan santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor Maunggang Julu Kota padangsidimpuan. (2) Faktor- faktor penghambat dalam Menguatkan Hafalan Santri tahfidz Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor Manunggang Julu. (3) upaya yang dilakuakan dalam menguatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an Santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor Manunggang Julu Kota Padangsidimpuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu Pimpinan Pondok Pesantren, guru dan santri Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kegiatan tahfidz Qur’an santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ansor yang berkaitan dengan penguatan hafalan Al-Qur’an dengan menggunakan beberapa metode pembelajaran tahfidz Qur’an yaitu metode talaqin,metode sima’I, metode takrir, metode talaqqi, metode,metode mudarasah, dan metode muraja’ah. (2) Faktor penghambat dalam menguatkan hafalan santri tahfiz Qur’an ada dua faktor yaitu internal dan eksternal, internalnya yakni rasa malas dan susah menghafal, eksternalnya yaitu lingkungan. (3) Upaya yang dilakuakan dalam menguatkan hafalan Al-Qur’an Santri ialah dengan cara membaca ayat Al-Qur’an yang telah dihafal dibaca ketika sholat, memperdengarkan bacaan yang telah dihafal kepada orang lain, berwduh apabila merasa ngantuk, menggunakan metode pembelajaran tahfidz Qur’an dan memberikan motivasi kepada santri.