bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Individual Fish Characteristics on Survival and Detection: Similarities across Two Salmonid Species
Authors: Hostetter Nathan J. , Evans Allen F. , Loge Frank J. , O'Connor Rolland R. , Cramer Bradley M. , Fryer Derek , Collis Ken
Published: October 2015

Trait-selective mortality is of considerable management and conservation interest, especially when trends are similar across multiple species of conservation concern. In the Columbia River basin, thousands of juvenile Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. are collected each year and are tagged at juvenile bypass system (JBS) facilities located at hydroelectric dams, thus allowing the tracking of population-level performance metrics (e.g., juvenile survival and juvenile-to-adult survival). Several studies have suggested that juvenile salmonid survival is both size dependent and condition dependent, but little is known about trait-selective collection at JBS facilities. Trait-selective collection (e.g., length-based or condition-based selectivity) is particularly important, as inferences to population-level performance metrics may be biased if both the survival and collection processes are influenced by similar characteristics. We used a capture–mark–recapture study to investigate length- and condition-selective survival and detection probabilities for two salmonid species in the Columbia River basin. In 2014, juvenile steelhead O. mykiss (n = 11,201) and yearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha (n = 7,943) were PIT-tagged, measured (FL), examined for external condition characteristics (descaling, body injuries, fin damage, or disease symptoms), and released into the Lower Granite Dam JBS facility on the Snake River to continue seaward migration. Results indicated similar trends in both length- and condition-selective juvenile survival and detection probabilities. For both species, survival probability was higher for longer, nondegraded individuals (those without descaling, body injuries, or fin damage). Trends in detection probability were also consistent across species: shorter, degraded individuals were more likely to be detected at downstream JBS facilities than longer, healthier individuals. These results suggest that similar characteristics (FL and external condition) affect survival and detection processes for PIT-tagged steelhead and yearling Chinook Salmon and that JBS facilities may selectively collect smaller, degraded individuals with lower probabilities of survival. The consistency in trait-selective survival and detection results has important management implications for several species of conservation concern.

Received February 3, 2015; accepted July 20, 2015
A Survey of Steelhead Age and Iteroparity Rates from a Volunteer Angler Program in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon
Authors: Clemens Benjamin J.
Published: October 2015

The iteroparous life history of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss can provide genetic variability and increase recruitment, thereby sustaining populations. Steelhead are difficult to survey given that (1) they spawn during high river flows, which can flush carcasses away; (2) they spend a short time on the spawning grounds; (3) nonspawning fish are elusive; and (4) adults that do not die after spawning can evade surveyors. An angler volunteer program was implemented in Oregon to monitor steelhead populations. Recreational anglers collected scales from 2,216 steelhead in the Willamette River basin during 1981–1994; the scales were used to estimate ages and iteroparity rates. A freshwater age of 2 and a saltwater age of 2 were the most common, followed by saltwater ages 3 and 4. The incidence of iteroparity was greater among female steelhead than among males and was greater for winter-run steelhead than for summer-run fish. Wild fish had a higher incidence of repeat spawning than hatchery fish, which may be partly attributable to hatchery practices (e.g., recycling the fish through the fishery or using them for spawning). These results agree with previously published information for steelhead. The overall iteroparity rate of 3.4% for Willamette River basin steelhead appears to be moderate in comparison with other populations; for instance, iteroparity in Willamette River steelhead was much lower than rates for Oregon coastal stocks, was similar to rates for lower Columbia River stocks, and was higher than rates for interior Columbia River stocks. I offer the following hypotheses to explain these geographical trends in iteroparity: (1) Willamette River basin steelhead have a greater distance to migrate than coastal stocks and iteroparity may be selected against by barriers to adult and juvenile passage, (2) similar iteroparity rates for Willamette River basin and lower Columbia River steelhead stocks suggest similarity in migratory conditions, and (3) by contrast, the interior Columbia River stocks have a longer migration distance and also experience challenges associated with the hydropower system.

Received December 12, 2014; accepted July 30, 2015
Considerations for Consistently Applying Flow-Through Chloramine-T Treatments to Hatchery Raceways
Authors: Bowker James D , Carty Daniel G , Trushenski Jesse T , Glover David C , Bowman Molly P
Published: October 2015

Chloramine-T (CLT) was recently approved for use in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to control mortality in selected freshwater-reared finfishes diagnosed with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris disease. In support of this approval, we conducted a study to determine if a target dose of 12 mg/L CLT could be delivered for 60 min via a “charged,” flow-through treatment protocol. The study was conducted in two production-size, linear-design, plug flow raceways devoid of fish. Each raceway was dosed twice, resulting in four replicate trials (N = 4). During each trial, CLT was added under static conditions to establish a target concentration of 12 mg/L. Inflow water was then resumed, and additional CLT stock solution was metered into the raceway for the 60-min treatment period. Water samples were collected from a matrix of 27 sampling locations (3 positions along raceway length × 3 positions across raceway width × 3 depths) for colorimetric determination of CLT concentrations at 0 min (after charging but before resuming water inflow), 30 min, and 60 min. Chloramine-T doses delivered (data from all sampling locations and times pooled) did not vary from trial to trial. Median CLT doses delivered were almost always less than 12 mg/L; however, all had corresponding 95% confidence intervals within 9–15 mg/L. Overall, the results of our study demonstrated that the treatment method can be used to deliver a target dose of CLT for 60 min in production-size raceways in a manner that was found acceptable to the FDA.
Adult Survival of Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Released Volitionally or Forcibly as Juveniles
Authors: Johnson McLain S , Murdoch Andrew R , Moran Christopher P H
Published: October 2015

Hatchery managers seek to maximize production and survival in a cost-effective manner while adapting to hatchery reform recommendations. Evaluation of changing hatchery rearing practices is necessary under an adaptive management paradigm. In this study, we compared the adult survival of hatchery-reared spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released volitionally or forcibly from an acclimation facility in the upper Wenatchee River basin from brood years 2003–2005. In all study years, smolt-to-adult survival rates were higher for forced releases, and significant differences were observed in brood years 2004 and 2005. To optimize hatchery fish performance, hatchery managers should evaluate their smolt release methodology. However, any proposed changes in hatchery release methodology should also take into account variability in survival within the migration corridor and a risk assessment such that any realized increase in survival is not offset by increased risk to natural populations.
The Effects of School Spending on Educational and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from School Finance Reforms *
Authors: Jackson C. Kirabo , Johnson Rucker C. , Persico Claudia
Published: October 2015

Since the Coleman Report, many have questioned whether public school spending affects student outcomes. The school finance reforms that began in the early 1970s and accelerated in the 1980s caused dramatic changes to the structure of K–12 education spending in the United States. To study the effect of these school finance reform–induced changes in public school spending on long-run adult outcomes, we link school spending and school finance reform data to detailed, nationally representative data on children born between 1955 and 1985 and followed through 2011. We use the timing of the passage of court-mandated reforms and their associated type of funding formula change as exogenous shifters of school spending, and we compare the adult outcomes of cohorts that were differentially exposed to school finance reforms, depending on place and year of birth. Event study and instrumental variable models reveal that a 10% increase in per pupil spending each year for all 12 years of public school leads to 0.31 more completed years of education, about 7% higher wages, and a 3.2 percentage point reduction in the annual incidence of adult poverty; effects are much more pronounced for children from low-income families. Exogenous spending increases were associated with notable improvements in measured school inputs, including reductions in student-to-teacher ratios, increases in teacher salaries, and longer school years.
Availability of primary care team members can improve teamwork and readiness for change
Authors: Rodriguez Hector P. , Chen Xiao , Martinez Ana E. , Friedberg Mark W.
Published: October 2015

Background:

Early experiences of patient-centered medical home implementation indicate that redesigning primary care is an intensive organizational change that is most effectively undertaken by high-functioning interdisciplinary teams. Team effectiveness research indicates that consistent availability of team members and other aspects of team structure can impact teamwork and organizational outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a survey of 766 adult primary care providers and staff in 34 California safety net practices to assess primary care team structure (team size, team member availability, and access to interdisciplinary expertise), teamwork, and readiness for change. We used path models with robust standard errors for clustering of respondents within practices to examine relationships between team member availability and readiness for change. Using path analysis, we examined the extent to which better teamwork mediated relationships between team member availability and readiness for change.

Results:

We received 628 completed surveys (response rate = 82%). Greater team member availability was associated with greater readiness for change, but the relationship was stronger for staff than for primary care providers. Contrary to our hypothesis, path analyses revealed that the relationship of team member availability and greater readiness for change was only partially mediated (21%) by better teamwork. The direct effect of teamwork on readiness for change is approximately 2.9 times larger than the direct effect of team member availability on greater readiness for change.

Conclusions:

Ensuring that members perceive that their teammates are routinely available to them may improve readiness for implementing organizational changes like adopting patient-centered medical home models. Given that better teamwork only partially explained the availability–readiness relationship, additional research to identify the mechanisms through which consistent team member availability increases change readiness could lend insight into how to more effectively support clinicians and staff undergoing complex organizational changes.
Storage characteristics of watermelon before and after removing the T-shaped stalk
Authors: Kim Nak-Ku , Chang Young-Ho , Yu Su-Pil , Ha Ki-Jeong , Je Hee-Jeong , Hong Kwang-Pyo , Lee Sang-Dae
Published: October 2015

This study was carried out to compare the storage characteristics of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) before and after removing the T-shaped stalk. For the investigation of the physiochemical properties of the watermelo, the watermelaon was stored at room temperature and 7°C, respectively. The average weight of the watermelon (7.8 kg) decreased by 0.6~0.7% at 7°C and by 1.9~2% at room temperature during the storage period of 30 days. The hardness of watermelon reduced from 755 g to 542~549 g at room temperature for 30 days. However, the existence of T-shape stalk did not significantly affect on their weight and hardness. In addition, the pH, total acid content, and inner moisture of the watermelon were not significantly changed during the storage periods while the soluble solid at room temperature was significantly decreased from 11.3 °Brix to 9.3 °Brix after 30 days of storage. The internal redness of the watermelon decreased from 36.7 to 31.7~33.6. The total amount of its free sugar was increased from the original amount (8,133 mg/100 g) and then decreased. However, the stalk did not significantly affect on the amount of total free sugar under the same storage condition, too. Thus, there was no significant difference between the results of leaving the T-shaped stalk and removing it after harvesting the watermelon.
PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci
Authors: Faircloth Brant C.
Published: October 2015

Targeted enrichment of conserved and ultraconserved genomic elements allows universal collection of phylogenomic data from hundreds of species at multiple time scales (< 5 Ma to > 300 Ma). Prior to downstream inference, data from these types of targeted enrichment studies must undergo pre-processing to assemble contigs from sequence data; identify targeted, enriched loci from the off-target background data; align enriched contigs representing conserved loci to one another; and prepare and manipulate these alignments for subsequent phylogenomic inference. PHYLUCE is an efficient and easy-to-install software package that accomplishes these tasks across hundreds of taxa and thousands of enriched loci.

Availability and Implementation

PHYLUCE is written for Python 2.7. PHYLUCE is supported on OSX and Linux (RedHat/CentOS) operating systems. PHYLUCE source code is distributed under a BSD-style license fromhttps://www.github.com/fairclothUlab/phyluce/. PHYLUCE is also available as a package (https://binstar.org/fairclothUlab/phyluce) for the Anaconda Python distribution that installs all dependencies, and users can request a PHYLUCE instance on iPlant Atmosphere (tag: phyluce). The software manual and a tutorial are available fromhttp://phyluce.readthedocs.org/en/latest/and test data are available from doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1284521.

Contact

brant@fairclothUlab.org

Supplementary information

Supplementary Figure 1.
DoOR 2.0 - Comprehensive Mapping ofDrosophila melanogasterOdorant Responses
Authors: Münch Daniel , Galizia C. Giovanni
Published: October 2015

Odors elicit complex patterns of activated olfactory sensory neurons. Knowing the complete olfactome, i.e. responses in all sensory neurons for all odorants, is desirable to understand olfactory coding. The DoOR project combines all availableDrosophilaodorant response data into a single consensus response matrix. Since its first release many studies were published: receptors were deorphanized and several response profiles were expanded. In this study, we add to the odor-response profiles for four odorant receptors (Or10a, Or42b, Or47b, Or56a). We deorphanize Or69a, showing a broad response spectrum with the best ligands including 3-hydroxyhexanoate, alpha-terpineol, 3-octanol and linalool. We include these datasets into DoOR, and provide a comprehensive update of both code and data. The DoOR project has a web interface for quick queries (http://neuro.uni.kn/DoOR), and a downloadable, open source toolbox written in R, including all processed and original datasets. DoOR now gives reliable odorant-responses for nearly allDrosophilaolfactory responding units, listing 693 odorants, for a total of 7381 data points.

At the time of uploading this preprint, a preview of the DoOR 2.0 webpage is available at:http://neuro.uni.kn/DoOR/2.0
A glance at recombination hotspots in the domestic cat
Authors: Alhaddad Hasan , Zhang Chi , Rannala Bruce , Lyons Leslie A.
Published: October 2015

Recombination has essential roles in increasing genetic variability within a population and in ensuring successful meiotic events. The objective of this study is to (i) infer the population scaled recombination rate (ρ), and (ii) identify and characterize localities of increased recombination rate for the domestic cat,Felis silvestris catus.SNPs (n= 701) were genotyped in twenty-two cats of Eastern random bred origin. The SNPs covered ten different chromosomal regions (A1, A2, B3, C2, D1, D2, D4, E2, F2, X) with an average region size of 850 Kb and an average SNP density of 70 SNPs/region. The Bayesian method in the programinferRhowas used to infer regional population recombination rates and hotspots localities. The regions exhibited variable population recombination rates and four decisive recombination hotspots were identified on cat chromosome A2, D1, and E2 regions. No correlation was detected between the GC content and the locality of recombination spots. The hotspots enclosed L2 LINE elements and MIR and tRNA-Lys SINE elements in agreement with hotspots found in other mammals.
MASSIF-1: a beamline dedicated to the fully automatic characterization and data collection from crystals of biological macromolecules
Authors: Bowler Matthew W. , Nurizzo Didier , Barrett Ray , Beteva Antonia , Bodin Marjolaine , Caserotto Hugo , Delagenière Solange , Dobias Fabian , Flot David , Giraud Thierry , Guichard Nicolas , Guijarro Mattias , Lentini Mario , Leonard Gordon A. , McSweeney Sean , Oskarsson Marcus , Schmidt Werner , Snigirev Anatoli , von Stetten David , Surr John , Svensson Olof , Theveneau Pascal , Mueller-Dieckmann Christoph
Published: October 2015

MASSIF-1 (ID30A-1) is an ESRF undulator beamline operating at a fixed wavelength of 0.969 Å (12.8 keV) that is dedicated to the completely automatic characterization of and data collection from crystals of biological macromolecules. The first of the ESRF Upgrade MASSIF beamlines to be commissioned, it has been open since September 2014, providing a unique automated data collection service to academic and industrial users. Here, the beamline characteristics and details of the new service are outlined.
Coherent diffractive imaging: towards achieving atomic resolution
Authors: Dietze S. H. , Shpyrko O. G.
Published: October 2015

The next generation of X-ray sources will feature highly brilliant X-ray beams that will enable the imaging of local nanoscale structures with unprecedented resolution. A general formalism to predict the achievable spatial resolution in coherent diffractive imaging, based solely on diffracted intensities, is provided. The coherent dose necessary to reach atomic resolution depends significantly on the atomic scale structure, where disordered or amorphous materials require roughly three orders of magnitude lower dose compared with the expected scaling of uniform density materials. Additionally, dose reduction for crystalline materials are predicted at certain resolutions based only on their unit-cell dimensions and structure factors.
Crystal structure of 3-benzylsulfanyl-6-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
Authors: Vaarla Krishnaiah , Rao V. Rajeswar , Akkurt Mehmet
Published: October 2015

In the title compound, C14H11N5OS2, the triazolo–thiadiazole system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) and makes dihedral angles of 6.33 (12) and 42.95 (14)° with the planes of the oxazole and phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, face-to-face π–π interactions are observed between the thiadiazole and oxazole rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4707 (18) Å], leading to columns along [010].
Crystal structure of 2α-(1,1-diphenylethyl)-4-methyl-4α,5α-diphenyl-1,3-dioxolane: the result of a non-acid pinacol rearrangement
Authors: Kirchner Richard M. , Corfield Peter W. R. , Annabi Michelle , Regan John , Speina Kevin , DiProperzio Anthony , Ciaccio James A. , Capitani Joseph F.
Published: October 2015

The title compound, C30H28O2, was obtained during recrystallization of (±)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-propanediol in 1-butanol, from an unexpected non-acid-catalyzed pinacol rearrangement followed by acetal formation of the newly formed aldehyde with the diol. The tri-substituted dioxolane ring has a twist conformation on the C—O bond opposite the methyl-substituted C atom. There is an intramolecular C—H...π interaction present involving one of the diphenylethyl rings and an H atom of the phenyl ring in position 4 of the dioxolane ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001]. The chains are linked by a second C—H...π interaction, forming sheets parallel to thebcplane.
A comparison of the structures of some 2- and 3-substituted chromone derivatives: a structural study on the importance of the secondary carboxamide backbone for the inhibitory activity of MAO-B
Authors: Gomes Ligia R. , Low John Nicolson , Cagide Fernando , Gaspar Alexandra , Borges Fernanda
Published: October 2015

The crystal structures of the 3-substituted tertiary chromone carboxamide derivative, C17H13NO3,N-methyl-4-oxo-N-phenyl-4H-chromene-3-carboxamide (1), and the chromone carbonyl pyrrolidine derivatives, C14H13NO3, 3-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (3) and 2-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (4) have been determined. Their structural features are discussed and compared with similar compounds namely with respect to their MAO-B inhibitory activities. The chromone carboxamide presents a –synconformation with the aromatic rings twisted with respect to each other [the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the chromone system and the exocyclic phenyl ring is 58.48 (8)°]. The pyrrolidine derivatives also display a significant twist: the dihedral angles between the chromone system and the best plane formed by the pyrrolidine atoms are 48.9 (2) and 23.97 (12)° in (3) and (4), respectively. Compound (3) shows a short C—H...O intramolecular contact forming anS(7) ring. The supramolecular structures for each compound are defined by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into chains and sheets. The Cambridge Structural Database gave 45 hits for compounds with a pyrrolidinecarbonyl group. A simple statistical analysis of their geometric parameters is made in order to compare them with those of the molecules determined in the present work.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide
Authors: Chandra Kumar K. , Umesh V. , Madhura T. K. , Rajesh B. M. , Chandra
Published: October 2015

In the title compound, C15H15FN2OS, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzothiophene ring system and the fluorobenzene ring is 3.74 (14)°. The six-membered ring of the benzothiophene moiety adopts a half-chair conformation. The molecular conformation is consolidated by intramolecular N—H...F and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generatingC(6) [001] chains.
Crystal structure of 5′′-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4′-(4-chlorophenyl)-1′-methyltrispiro[acenapthylene-1,2′-pyrrolidine-3′,1′′-cyclohexane-3′′,2′′′-[1,3]dioxane]-2(1H),6′′-dione
Authors: Chandralekha Kuppan , Gavaskar Deivasigamani , Sureshbabu Adukamparai Rajukrishnan , Lakshmi Srinivasakannan
Published: October 2015

In the title compound, C36H29Cl2NO4, two spiro links connect the methyl-substituted pyrrolidine ring to the acenaphthylene and cyclohexanone rings. The cyclohexanone ring is further connected to the dioxalane ring by a third spiro junction. The five-membered ring of the acenaphthylen-1-one ring system adopts a flattened envelope conformation, with the ketonic C atom as the flap, whereas the dioxalane and pyrrolidine rings each have a twist conformation. The cyclohexenone ring assumes a boat conformation. An intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bond interaction is present. In the crystal, molecules are linked by non-classical C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains extending parallel to theaaxis.
Crystal structure of (E)-4-methoxy-2-{[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol
Authors: Adam Farook , Arafath Md Azharul , Haque Rosenani Anwaeul , Razali Mohd Rizal
Published: October 2015

The molecule of the title Schiff base compound, C14H14N2O2, displays anEconformation with respect the imine C=N double bond. The molecule is approximately planar, with the dihedral angle formed by the planes of the pyridine and benzene rings being 5.72 (6)°. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the phenolic H and imine N atoms.
New collaborations in daily emergency response
Authors: Weinholt Åsa , Andersson Granberg Tobias
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to analyse costs and benefits from new collaborations in daily emergency response and to demonstrate how cost-benefit analysis (CBA) can be used for evaluating effects from these kinds of collaborations.

Design/methodology/approach

– CBA is used to evaluate two collaborations. The cases are: security officers that respond to fire and rescue service (FRS) calls; and home care nurses that assist the FRSs when they respond to urgent medical calls. Interviews, public documents and incident reports have been used as sources of data.

Findings

– Most costs are relatively straightforward to estimate. More difficult to estimate are the turn-out costs, including the services that cannot be performed when the new actors take on new assignments. One important benefit from these kinds of collaborations is reduced response time. Other benefits include increased situational awareness and improved preventive work in Case 1, as well as improved working conditions for the traditional resources and increased medical competence in Case 2. The analysis indicate that the case with the security officers most likely was socially beneficial, while the case with the home care nurses at the time of the study was not.

Originality/value

– The authors provide a thorough description and analysis of two interesting new ways of performing daily emergency response. Furthermore, the authors depict how CBA can be used to structure the analysis and evaluation of new initiatives in emergence services and how it can be used for identifying improvement potential. The authors also identify and discuss what is needed in terms of documentation as well as research, for it to be possible to improve the quantitative analysis of these kinds of initiatives.
Police/probation partnerships – the anticipated impact of “transforming rehabilitation”
Authors: Evans Emily
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to outline findings from research into Integrated Offender Management (IOM), an example of multi-agency working between the police, probation and drug treatment services, and how this is expected to be affected by the “Transforming Rehabilitation” (TR) changes to the probation service being introduced by the Ministry of Justice.

Design/methodology/approach

– The methodological approach was realistic evaluation. The findings of this paper draw upon semi-structured interviews undertaken with IOM staff, offenders and a small number of national IOM portfolio holders. Observations of the operation of IOM in the local site have also been used.

Findings

– Three underpinning mechanisms within IOM were uncovered during the research, all of which are at risk from the TR changes.

Research limitations/implications

– IOM, as it currently operates, will be affected fundamentally by the TR changes, due to the disruption to stable multi-agency working. The research is limited by taking place during the planning and initial roll out of the TR changes; as a result interviewees were commenting on their expectations rather than their direct experience of the changes. However, their experience within IOM makes them well placed to assess the likely impact of TR.

Originality/value

– As the TR changes are new, this paper is amongst only a small number seeking to assess their anticipated impact based on primary research.
Interprofessional collaboration during an emergency ward’s rounds
Authors: Collin Kaija , Herranen Sanna , Valleala Ulla Maija , Paloniemi Susanna
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore interprofessional collaboration during ward rounds on a Finnish emergency and infection ward from the viewpoint of three central professional groups: physicians, nurses and secretaries.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors utilise an ethnographically informed approach, with observations and interviews as the data collection devices. The data comprise ten interviews with staff members and ten hours of observations. The data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Findings

– The ward rounds were found to be rather physician- and medicine-centred, and mostly not interprofessional. Nurses and secretaries in particular expressed dissatisfaction with many of the current ward rounds work practices. Ward rounds are an essential part of collaboration in implementing the emergency-natured operational aim of the ward, yet we found that the ward rounds are complicated by diverging professional views and expectations, variable work practices and interactional inequality.

Originality/value

– This study makes a contribution to the research of collaboration in emergency care and ward rounds, both of which are little-studied fields. Further, context-specific studies of collaboration have been called for in order to eventually create a model of shared expertise. The findings of this study can be utilised in studying and developing emergency care contexts.
Crossing cultural boundaries
Authors: Charman Sarah
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the organisational cultures of two different parts of the emergency service, the police and the ambulance service.

Design/methodology/approach

– Semi-structured interviews with 45 police officers and ambulance staff sought to understand more about the relationships between these two distinctly different professions who work together closely and regularly in often very difficult situations.

Findings

– Interviews with police officers and ambulance staff revealed the strong and harmonious working relationship between the two professions and an existence of both shared organisational characteristics and shared cultural characteristics. These cultural characteristics, identified as both explicit and tacit in nature provide the “glue” which not only binds each organisation together but which appears to cement a longer term, tangible link between the police and ambulance services.

Originality/value

– This paper reveals a new dimension within cultural analyses of occupational groups by considering the shared cultural characteristics of two groups within the emergency services, police officers and ambulance staff. This potential for cultural boundary crossing is explored in detail.
Developing complex-project capability through dynamic organizational learning
Authors: Ahern Terence , Byrne P.J. , Leavy Brian
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to extend the learning boundaries of traditional project capability, which follows the linear planning paradigm, in order to include non-linear complex projects thatcannot be completely specified and planned in advance, and so require continuous learning over their life cycles.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on an earlier empirical investigation, where complex-project capability (CPC) is developed through dynamic organizational learning based on non-linear problem solving, the paper examines some of the conceptual and practical implications of this process insight. The focus here is on incomplete pre-given knowledge and emergent knowledge creation during CPC development.

Findings

– Using the three interrelated dimensions of project type, knowledge creation method, and organizational learning approach, the paper reinterprets Karl Popper’s linear problem solving model for learning in traditional projects by introducing the concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) for learning in non-linear complex projects. The latter follows a path from “order todisorderto order” rather than from “order to order” under traditional assumptions.

Research limitations/implications

– By identifying a common learning process at individual, group, and organizational levels, developing CPC can be viewed as a “learning organization”. This multi-level approach facilitates research into distributed organizing for emergent knowledge creation during CPC development.

Practical implications

– In contrast to traditional planned projects with up-front prior knowledge, complex projects are characterized byincompleteknowledge. The challenge of dealing with knowledge uncertainty in complex projects through continuous learning has practical implications for project learning, planning, knowledge management, and leadership.

Originality/value

– The concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) extends the learning boundaries of traditional projects, where little learning is anticipated, by including complex projects with knowledge uncertainty requiring continuous learning.
Religiosity, gender, and wage: the differentiated impact of private prayer in Canada
Authors: Dilmaghani Maryam
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Does religiosity impact wages differently for males and females? Does the impact on wage of different dimensions of religiosity, namely the importance of religion, the frequency of religious practice with others and individually, differ for men and women? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using the Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, made public in 2004, this paper investigates whether there are evidences for a gender difference in the impact of religiosity on wage. A Mincerean wage regression is estimated using both multiple linear regression and Heckit.

Findings

– Religious females are found to receive a premium over their labour earnings, through the frequency of private-prayer while the same dimension of religiosity penalizes males’ mean wage. The by-gender impact slightly widens for the subsample of employees, while it diminishes for the self-employed.

Research limitations/implications

– Making use of the most comprehensive data set available and standard methodology, the paper creates stylized facts that are of interest to the scholars of a multiplicity of disciplines.

Practical implications

– It advances the body of knowledge about the impact of religiosity on productivity and whether it has a by-gender component.

Social implications

– The research also informs policy-makers in their decision about the appropriate level of accommodation of religiosity in the workplace.

Originality/value

– The present work is the first research paper examining the by-gender impact of different dimensions of religiosity on productivity thereby wage.
Human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance: a review
Authors: Shanmugam A. , Paul Robert T.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on human factors in aircraft maintenance and to analyze and synthesize the findings in the literature on human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance.

Design/methodology/approach

– The review adopts a threefold approach: searching and collecting the scientific literature; sorting them on the basis of relevance and applications; and review of the scientific evidences. Broad areas of aircraft maintenance regulations are identified and each area was explored to study the level of scientific growth and publications. Notable theories, models and concepts are being summarized.

Findings

– Application of human factor principles in aviation spread beyond the technical arena of man-machine interface. The discipline has created a great impact on aircraft design, operations and maintenance. Its applications have percolated into design of aircraft maintenance facilities, task cards and equipment. Human factor concepts are being used for maintenance resource management. The principles are applied to shape the safety behavior and culture in aviation maintenance workplace. Nevertheless, the review unfolds immense potential for future research.

Research limitations/implications

– Research outcomes of non-aviation studies are also reviewed and consolidated to extend the applications to the aviation industry.

Practical implications

– This review would be a consolidated source of information confining to the physical aspect of human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to the researchers and maintenance practitioners.

Social implications

– It brought out the benefits of adopting the principles of human factor engineering in aircraft maintenance. Application of human factor philosophy ensures enhanced safety in air transport, personal safety and well-being of maintenance personnel.

Originality/value

– This is a unique review based on aircraft maintenance regulations that are baseline performance standards made mandatory by regulatory authorities. Therefore, the review has been considered to be made on aircraft maintenance regulatory requirements that surpass corporate or competitive strategies in aviation maintenance organization.
Development of a balanced scorecard for flight line maintenance activities
Authors: Nachtmann Heather , Collins Terry , Chimka Justin R. , Tong Jingjing
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a balanced scorecard (BSC) for flight line maintenance (MX) activities in the US Air Force.

Design/methodology/approach

– The BSC development process consists of three stages: groundwork, design beginning with structuring of organizational strategic elements through performance measure identification and construction of the BSC framework, and finalization for continuous improvement.

Findings

– Based on logistics expert responses the authors validated a case BSC for flight line MX activities within an aircraft maintenance unit. Validation was done with respect to perspective measures including mission, influencing factors, management, and information enhancement.

Originality/value

– BSC development through identification of mission critical performance measures should improve performance of aircraft scheduling and achievement of mission objectives. Guidelines were used to develop a case validated by Air Force logistics personnel.
The use of 5-WHYs technique to eliminate OEE’s speed loss in a manufacturing firm
Authors: Benjamin Samuel Jebaraj , Marathamuthu M. Srikamaladevi , Murugaiah Uthiyakumar
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to reduce or eliminate the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE’s) speed loss in a lean manufacturing environment.

Design/methodology/approach

– This action research study uses the lean manufacturing 5-whys analysis technique to reduce or eliminate the speed loss.

Findings

– The application of the 5-whys analysis technique in a manufacturing industry (XYZ Corporation) completely eliminated its top speed loss and resulted in a valuable savings of USD 32,811.5 per annum.

Practical implications

– The 5-whys analysis technique which has been primarily known to improve the OEE’s quality loss and changeover loss has been proven to be an effective approach to also tackle speed loss; a loss which has been regarded as the most dominating loss among all the types of OEE’s losses and a difficult one to eliminate.

Originality/value

– Little or no attempt has been made to date to expand the use of the 5-whys analysis technique beyond its originally intended purpose. The lessons learnt in this study could be applied to other organizations. The outcome of the study has also opened the possibility of widening the horizon of the use of the 5-whys analysis technique beyond its original intended objective and could be applicable to solve other losses of OEE and non-value added activities of lean philosophy in general.
Maintenance strategy selection problem: an MCDM overview
Authors: Shafiee Mahmood
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Maintenance strategy selection (MSS) is considered as a complex multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review on the use and application of MCDM approach and its associated case studies in the field of MSS.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper systematically classifies the published literature of both researchers and practitioners and then analyzes and reviews it methodically.

Findings

– This paper outlines the important issues relevant to the subject, including the techniques used for data collection, the quantitative and qualitative criteria taken into account in decision making, the maintenance strategies considered for evaluation, the methods applied to find the solution, and the type of industries being studied. In each category, the gaps are identified along with recommendations for the future research work.

Practical implications

– Literature on classification of the MCDM models used to select the most appropriate maintenance strategy is very limited. The proposed classification scheme not only will be useful to researchers, but also assists maintenance professionals to find the models that fit their specific needs.

Originality/value

– The paper provides many references in the field, including the articles published in academic journals, conference papers, master and doctoral dissertations, text books, and industrial reports, and suggests a classification scheme according to various attributes.
Computational analysis of inter-material mixing and weld-flaw formation during dissimilar-filler-metal friction stir welding (FSW)
Authors: Grujicic M. , Yavari R , Ramaswami S. , Snipes J , Galgalikar R
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Friction stir welding (FSW) butt-joining involving the use of a dissimilar filler metal insert between the retreating and advancing portions of the workpiece is investigated computationally using a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) finite element analysis (FEA). The emphasis of the computational analysis was placed on the understanding of the inter-material mixing and weld-flaw formation during a dissimilar-material FSW process. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The FEA employed is of a two-way thermo-mechanical character (i.e. frictional-sliding/plastic-work dissipation was taken to act as a heat source in the energy conservation equation), while temperature is allowed to affect mechanical aspects of the model through temperature-dependent material properties. Within the analysis, the workpiece and the filler-metal insert are treated as different materials within the Eulerian subdomain, while the tool was treated as a conventional Lagrangian subdomain. The use of the CEL formulation within the workpiece insert helped avoid numerical difficulties associated with excessive Lagrangian element distortion.

Findings

– The results obtained revealed that, in order to obtain flaw-free FSW joints with properly mixed filler and base materials, process parameters including the location of the tool relative to the centerline of the weld must be selected judiciously.

Originality/value

– To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first reported attempt to simulate FSW of dissimilar materials.
Modeling and analysis of process parameters on metal removal rate (MRR) in machining of aluminium titanium diboride (Al-TiB2) composite
Authors: Jenarthanan M. P. , Prakash A Ram , Jeyapaul R
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for optimizing the metal removal rate (MRR) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The developed model helps us to analyze the influence of individual input machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, weight percentage) on the responses in machining of Al-TiB2 composite.

Design/methodology/approach

– RSM is used to optimize the MRR by developing a mathematical model. Three factors, three-level box Behnken design matrix in RSM is employed to carry out the experimental investigation. The “Design Expert 8.0” software is used for regression and graphical analysis of the data are collected. The optimum values of the selected variables are obtained by solving the regression equation and by analyzing the response surface contour plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to check the validity of the model and for finding the significant parameters.

Findings

– The response surface model developed, helps to calculate the MRR at different input cutting parameters with the chosen range with more than 95 per cent confidence intervals.

Originality/value

– The effect of machining parameters on MRR during machining of Al-TiB2 composites using RSM has not been previously analyzed.
Promoting corporate social responsibility and sustainability: a model of integrity
Authors: Chabrak Nihel
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of the paper is to propose a model of integrity to help assess corporate responsiveness to this new wave of pressure in the backdrop of the prevailing Shareholder Value Maximization doctrine. In a context of ecological crisis, sustainability is considered in an intergenerational perspective on well-being. Nations are required to maintain the productive base, composed of manufactured, natural and human capitals, to continue producing future generations’ well-being. Such macroeconomic challenges require businesses to contribute to human and natural capitals’ conservation.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper applies the integrity model to the historical case of the New Lanark mills from Owen’s (1991/1813-1816) new view of society. Owen’s deeds are compared to his promises in light of community expectations in that time to assess Owen’s commitment to social responsibility through “his honoring his word”.

Findings

– The findings show the importance of the concept of “workability” for a business to create an opportunity set for “performance”. Such workability is determined by the business being a person of integrity.

Research limitations/implications

– Future researches are invited to use this model to build empirical evidence of corporate irresponsibility in dealing with the new challenges.

Practical implications

– This paper’s contribution resides in the capacity to uncover any attempt by businesses to subsume their corporate social responsibility and sustainability commitment to the doxic shareholder value maximization (SVM) ideology.

Social implications

– The findings recall the importance for corporate activities to be re-embedded in their social and ecological contexts. This requires an overhaul of the business logic.

Originality/value

– The originality of the model of integrity resides in its simplicity and practicality.