bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calabi–Yau Quotients of Hyperkähler Four-folds
Authors: Camere Chiara , Garbagnati Alice , Mongardi Giovanni
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to construct Calabi–Yau 4-folds as crepant resolutions of the quotients of a hyperkähler 4-fold$X$by a non-symplectic involution$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. We first compute the Hodge numbers of a Calabi–Yau constructed in this way in a general setting, and then we apply the results to several specific examples of non-symplectic involutions, producing Calabi–Yau 4-folds with different Hodge diamonds. Then we restrict ourselves to the case where$X$is the Hilbert scheme of two points on a K3 surface$S$, and the involution$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$is induced by a non-symplectic involution on the K3 surface. In this case we compare the Calabi–Yau 4-fold$Y_{S}$, which is the crepant resolution of$X/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$, with the Calabi–Yau 4-fold$Z_{S}$, constructed from$S$through the Borcea–Voisin construction. We give several explicit geometrical examples of both these Calabi–Yau 4-folds, describing maps related to interesting linear systems as well as a rational$2:1$map from$Z_{S}$to$Y_{S}$.
Potential Challenges Meeting the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Lead in School Drinking Water Goal of 1 μg/L
Authors: Parks Jeffrey , Pieper Kelsey J. , Katner Adrienne , Tang Min , Edwards Marc
Published: June 2018

Concern about lead in drinking water has heightened since the Flint water crisis. Moreover, recent medical evidence increasingly shows damage to children’s health at levels of lead exposure once considered low. In order to better protect children from these hazards, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that drinking water in public schools does not exceed 1 μg/L lead. Meeting this goal with current plumbing and fixtures will be challenging, because current “lead-free” standards did not anticipate targets this low. Three styles of recently manufactured “lead-free” faucets were tested and average lead leaching ranged from 1.5 μg/L to 3.0 μg/L after 19 d. Given that the NSF/ANSI 61 test water is less aggressive than some potable waters, even newly manufactured “lead-free” faucets may not meet the standards recommended by AAP.
Programas educativos para fortalecer la sostenibilidad y la intervención social
Authors: Ocampo Hoyos Ana Mercedes , Romero Palacios Wilson Eduardo , Narváez Carlos Augusto
Published: June 2018

La generación de programas educativos para fortalecer la sostenibilidad y la intervención Social, favorece escenarios vitales para la constitución de territorios de equidad y teje entramados sociales de acciones, para lograr una participación activa en la toma de decisiones de las comunidades, de tal forma que afecte positivamente el tejido social que lo compone. En este documento se presenta la experiencia del resultado de la investigación que sistematizó la práctica Pedagógica de la Corporación Educativa “Simón Rodríguez”, donde se realizan programas de intervención social con comunidades vulnerables de la ciudad de Cali y del Departamento del Valle del Cauca. La investigación sobre los programas educativos que permitan fortalecer la sostenibilidad y la intervención Social, se realizó desde los estudios de casos, en tanto que se sistematizó la experiencia innovadora de la Corporación Educativa “Simón Rodríguez” desde la mirada de sus protagonistas, reconstruyéndola, articulando sus diversas interpretaciones para construir su lógica interna y potenciarla para contribuir al desarrollo de la educación en el caso concreto de la intervención social y la sostenibilidad. Igualmente, se hace en un proceso participativo, en la medida que se vivencia, se acompaña y se reflexiona con los participantes la historia a construir, permitiendo establecer la direccionalidad investigativa a fin de dar cuentas a la esencia de la indagación.
Observing ice particle growth along fall streaks in mixed-phase clouds using spectral polarimetric radar data
Authors: Pfitzenmaier Lukas , Unal Christine M. H. , Dufournet Yann , Russchenberg Herman W. J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The growth of ice crystals in presence of supercooled liquid droplets
represents the most important process for precipitation formation in the
mid-latitudes. However, such mixed-phase interaction processes remain relatively unknown, as capturing the complexity in cloud dynamics and microphysical
variabilities turns to be a real observational challenge. Ground-based radar
systems equipped with fully polarimetric and Doppler capabilities in high
temporal and spatial resolutions such as the S-band transportable atmospheric
radar (TARA) are best suited to observe mixed-phase growth processes. In this
paper, measurements are taken with the TARA radar during the ACCEPT campaign
(analysis of the composition of clouds with extended polarization
techniques). Besides the common radar observables, the 3-D wind field is also
retrieved due to TARA unique three beam configuration. The novelty of this
paper is to combine all these observations with a particle evolution
detection algorithm based on a new fall streak retrieval technique in order
to study ice particle growth within complex precipitating mixed-phased cloud
systems. In the presented cases, three different growth processes of ice
crystals, plate-like crystals, and needles are detected and related to the
presence of supercooled liquid water. Moreover, TARA observed signatures are
assessed with co-located measurements obtained from a cloud radar and
radiosondes. This paper shows that it is possible to observe ice particle
growth processes within complex systems taking advantage of adequate
technology and state of the art retrieval algorithms. A significant
improvement is made towards a conclusive interpretation of ice particle
growth processes and their contribution to rain production using fall streak
rearranged radar data.
Springtime aerosol load as observed from ground-based and airborne lidars over Northern Norway
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Raut Jean-Christophe , Totems Julien
Published: June 2018

Abstract. To investigate the origin of springtime aerosols in the Arctic region we performed ground-based and airborne 355 nm-Raman lidar observations in the North of Norway (Hammerfest). Two lidars were embedded (i) on an ultra-light aircraft for vertical (nadir) or horizontal line-of-sight measurements, (ii) in an air-conditioned van on the ground for vertical (zenith) measurements. This field experiment was designed as part of the Pollution in the ARCtic System (PARCS) project of the French Arctic initiative, and took place from 13 to 26 May, 2016. The consistency between lidar measurements is verified by comparing nadir, horizontal line-of-sight, and ground-based Raman lidar profiles. Dispersion of the order of 0.01 km-1 is obtained between lidar-derived aerosol extinction coefficients at 355 nm. The aerosol load measured in the three first kilometers of the troposphere remains low throughout the campaign, with aerosol optical thickness (AOT) ≾ 0.1 at 355 nm (~ 0.05 at 550 nm). The main contributors to the evolution of the aerosol load at low altitude prove to be one of the flares of the nearby Melkoya gas processing facility, the oceanic source and the transport of aerosols from industrial sites in Russia. Moreover, ground-based lidar measurements allowed the possibility to identify three cases of long-range aerosol transport (between 3 and 8 km above the mean sea level). Using back trajectories computed with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART-WRF, these aerosol plumes are shown to be the result of the strong forest fires that occurred in the area of Fort McMurray, in Canada. They can, at most double the AOT value over the Arctic area, with an anomaly of 0.1 on the AOT at 355 nm.
Interannual sedimentary effluxes of alkalinity in the southern North Sea: model results compared with summer observations
Authors: Pätsch Johannes , Kühn Wilfried , Six Katharina Dorothea
Published: June 2018

Abstract. For the sediments of the central and southern North Sea different sources of alkalinity generation are quantified by a regional modelling system for the period 2000–2014. For this purpose a formerly global ocean sediment model coupled with a pelagic ecosystem model is adapted to shelf sea dynamics, where much larger turnover rates than in the open and deep ocean occur. To track alkalinity changes due to different nitrogen-related processes, the open ocean sediment model was extended by the state variables particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and ammonium. Directly measured alkalinity fluxes and those derived from Ra isotope flux observation from the sediment into the pelagic are reproduced by the model system, but calcite building and calcite dissolution are underestimated. Both fluxes cancel out in terms of alkalinity generation and consumption. Other simulated processes altering alkalinity in the sediment, like net sulfate reduction, denitrification, nitrification, and aerobic degradation, are quantified and compare well with corresponding fluxes derived from observations. Most of these fluxes exhibit a strong positive gradient from the open North Sea to the coast, where large rivers drain nutrients and organic matter. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition also shows a positive gradient from the open sea towards land and supports alkalinity generation in the sediments. An additional source of spatial variability is introduced by the use of a 3-D heterogenous porosity field. Due to realistic porosity variations (0.3–0.5) the alkalinity fluxes vary by about 4 %. The strongest impact on interannual variations of alkalinity fluxes is exhibited by the temporal varying nitrogen inputs from large rivers directly governing the nitrate concentrations in the coastal bottom water, thus providing nitrate necessary for benthic denitrification. Over the time investigated the alkalinity effluxes decrease due to the decrease in the nitrogen supply by the rivers.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of near-surface humidity in the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2005–2010
Authors: Wood Wendy H. , Marshall Shawn J. , Fargey Shannon E.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Near-surface humidity was monitored from 2005 to 2010 in a mesoscale network of 232 sites in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The monitoring network covers a range of elevations from 890 to 2880 m above sea level and an area of about 18,000 km2, sampling a variety of topographic settings and surface environments with an average spatial density of one station per 78 km2. Hourly screen-level temperature and relative humidity were recorded over the study period, forming the basis for daily mean relative humidity and vapour pressure estimates. Hourly air pressure measurements at Calgary Airport are adjusted for elevation to calculate specific humidity from the vapour pressure. Daily mean specific humidity, relative humidity, and vapour pressure from the multi-year study are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.889435. This manuscript describes the processing methods used to quality-control and gap-fill the data. Overall data coverage for the study period is 89 %. Inverse-distance weighting techniques are used to estimate the missing 11 % of data, based on neighourhood values of daily mean specific humidity. We report monthly mean lapse rates of specific and relative humidity. Plots of seasonal and spatial humidity patterns illustrate the relations between humidity variables and temperature, elevation, and longitude in the region.
Estimating grassland curing with remotely sensed data
Authors: Chaivaranont Wasin , Evans Jason P. , Liu Yi Y. , Sharples Jason J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Wildfire can become a catastrophic natural hazard, especially during dry summer seasons in Australia. Severity is influenced by various meteorological, geographical, and fuel characteristics. Modified Mark 4 McArthur's Grassland Fire Danger Index (GFDI) is a commonly used approach to determine the fire danger level in grassland ecosystems. The degree of curing (DOC, i.e. proportion of dead material) of the grass is one key ingredient in determining the fire danger. It is difficult to collect accurate DOC information in the field, and therefore ground-observed measurements are rather limited. In this study, we explore the possibility of whether adding satellite-observed data responding to vegetation water content (vegetation optical depth, VOD) will improve DOC prediction when compared with the existing satellite-observed data responding to DOC prediction models based on vegetation greenness (normalised difference vegetation index, NDVI). First, statistically significant relationships are established between selected ground-observed DOC and satellite-observed vegetation datasets (NDVI and VOD) with an r2 up to 0.67. DOC levels estimated using satellite observations were then evaluated using field measurements with an r2 of 0.44 to 0.55. Results suggest that VOD-based DOC estimation can reasonably reproduce ground-based observations in space and time and is comparable to the existing NDVI-based DOC estimation models.
Seasonal monitoring of melt and accumulation within the deep percolation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet and comparison with simulations of regional climate modeling
Authors: Heilig Achim , Eisen Olaf , MacFerrin Michael , Tedesco Marco , Fettweis Xavier
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Increasing melt over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) recorded
over the past several years has resulted in significant changes of the percolation
regime of the ice sheet. It remains unclear whether Greenland's percolation
zone will act as a meltwater buffer in the near future through gradually
filling all pore space or if near-surface refreezing causes the formation of
impermeable layers, which provoke lateral runoff. Homogeneous ice layers
within perennial firn, as well as near-surface ice layers of several meter
thickness have been observed in firn cores. Because firn coring is a
destructive method, deriving stratigraphic changes in firn and allocation of
summer melt events is challenging. To overcome this deficit and provide
continuous data for model evaluations on snow and firn density, temporal
changes in liquid water content and depths of water infiltration, we
installed an upward-looking radar system (upGPR) 3.4 m below the snow
surface in May 2016 close to Camp Raven
(66.4779∘ N, 46.2856∘ W) at 2120 m a.s.l. The radar is
capable of quasi-continuously monitoring changes in snow and firn
stratigraphy, which occur above the antennas. For summer 2016, we observed
four major melt events, which routed liquid water into various depths beneath
the surface. The last event in mid-August resulted in the deepest percolation
down to about 2.3 m beneath the surface. Comparisons with simulations from
the regional climate model MAR are in very good agreement in terms of
seasonal changes in accumulation and timing of onset of melt. However,
neither bulk density of near-surface layers nor the amounts of liquid water
and percolation depths predicted by MAR correspond with upGPR data. Radar
data and records of a nearby thermistor string, in contrast, matched very
well for both timing and depth of temperature changes and observed water
percolations. All four melt events transferred a cumulative mass of
56 kg m−2 into firn beneath the summer surface of 2015. We find that
continuous observations of liquid water content, percolation depths and rates
for the seasonal mass fluxes are sufficiently accurate to provide valuable
information for validation of model approaches and help to develop a better
understanding of liquid water retention and percolation in perennial firn.
The Curiosity at Work in Deconstruction
Authors: Zurn Perry
Published: June 2018

Beginning with Jacques Derrida’s Beast and the Sovereign, I identify two forms of curiosity: 1) scientific curiosity, which proceeds through objective dissection and 2) therapeutic curiosity, which proceeds through observational confinement. Through an analysis of Derrida’s treatment of both sorts of curiosity, I notice and develop a third, deconstructive form of curiosity. Through repeated turn to the work of Sarah Kofman, I characterize this third curiosity as, by turns, linguistic, animal, and critical. As linguistic, this curiosity is a penchant for wordplay and a keenness for the unsteady reservoirs of signification, resisting any clean dissection of meaning or the confinement of terms. As animal, it tracks a scent, regularly suspending its paw, as if to emphasize the meandering and precarious quality of knowledge. And as critical, it combats the illusions of pure revelation and instead draws attention to the conjuring trick, the systematic substitution of signs, undergirding it. Finally, I consider in what way Derrida’s resistance to philosophy may be read on the grounds not of a singular wonder but of multiple curiosities.
Putting the Ghost into Language: Cartesian Echoes in Contemporary French Medical Humanism
Authors: McLennan Matthew R.
Published: June 2018

This article offers a definition of medical humanism and identifies four key contemporary medical humanists in France. It then makes two claims about the historical provenance of their humanism. First, they define it in opposition to a process of iatric medicalization that they trace to certain conceptual errors made by Descartes. But second, they remain more Cartesian than they seem to realize because they accept Descartes's knotting together of humanity, ethics and language. By looking at Gori and Del Volgo, Roudinesco and Ricoeur, the author is able to show how French medical humanism repeats the Cartesian gesture of locating humanity in language - thus facing the problem of the moral standing of so-called "marginal" human persons and non-human animal persons. The author concludes with a call to radicalize French medical humanism in pursuit of a more inclusive medical "personism".
L’énigme du cap acéphale: Autour des parentés philosophiques entre égologie et hétérologie dans la lecture derridienne du Monsieur Teste de Valéry
Authors: Lembo Pietro
Published: June 2018

Le but de cette contribution c'est d'analyser la lecture derridienne du Monsieur Teste de Valéry afin de montrer que, par cette figure énigmatique, Derrida a voulu proposer une déconstruction double : une déconstruction de l’égologie souveraine au moyen de l’hétérologie contre-souveraine et vice-versa.
Logic of the Egotistical Sentence: A Reading of Descartes
Authors: Descombes Vincent
Published: June 2018

This text is a translation of two extracts from Vincent Descombes' 2014 book Le parler de soi. The majority of the translation consists of the chapter (I.3) that Descombes dedicates to discussing Descartes extensively. In this text, Descombes analyzes “egotistical sentences,” or I-statements, beginning with the infamous example from Descartes (cogito ergo sum). From here, he develops a substantial meditation on the nature of the self and its inherent philosophical paradoxes. The “radical question” guiding Descombes is whether or not an egotistical sentence has or implies a subject in the metaphysical sense. The conclusion, ultimately supported in part by Anscombe’s work on “I-thoughts,” explains how it could be that a subject is not implied by an egotistical sentence.
As ciências sociais e as mudanças climáticas
Authors: Veltrone Allan Rogério
Published: June 2018

ResumoA proposta do artigo é mostrar o quão importante são as ciências sociais para a compreensão das mudanças climáticas. Trata-se de um tema inegavelmente hibrido, onde os aspectos sociais da questão são tão importantes quanto as analises dos cientistas do clima. Estas análises são realizadas com o objetivo de se elaborarem ações de mitigação, que devem contar, de alguma forma, com a participação do publico. Este, no entanto, tem mais facilidade para acessar os argumentos dos chamados céticos, que são, em sua maioria, divulgadores científicos, e não cientistas. Explorando estas controvérsias, mostraremos então a relevância de algumas teorias de autores consagrados: Beck, Latour, Giddens e Hanningan.Palavras-chave: 1-Mudança Climática; 2-Sociologia da Ciência; 3-Sociologia Ambiental. AbstractThe purpose of the article is to show how important social sciences are to understanding climate change. This is an undeniably hybrid theme, where the social aspects of the issue are as important as the analyses by the climate scientists. These analyses are performed in order to develop mitigation actions, which should depend, in some way, on the participation of the public. However, it is easier to access the arguments of so-called skeptics, who are mostly science communicators, and not scientists. Exploring these controversies, we then show the relevance of some theories by renowned authors: Beck, Latour, Giddens and Hanningan.Keywords: 1-Change Climate; 2-Sociology of Science; 3-Environmental Sociology. ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es mostrar la importancia de las ciencias sociales para la comprensión de los cambios climáticos. Se trata de un tema híbrido, donde los aspectos sociales son tan importantes como los análisis de los científicos del clima. Dichos análisis se realizan con el fin de desarrollar medidas de mitigación, las cuales deben contar con la participación del público. Sin embargo, es más fácil acceder a los argumentos de los llamados escépticos que, en su mayoría, son más comunicadores de la ciencia que científicos. Luego de estudiar estas controversias, mostraremos la relevancia de algunas teorías de autores de renombre: Beck, Latour, Giddens y Hanningan.Palabras Clave: 1-Cambio Climático; 2-Sociología De La Ciencia; 3-Sociología Ambiental.
A modernização da produção brasileira de coco e a racionalidade do capital
Authors: Cavalcante Leandro Vieira
Published: June 2018

ResumoEste artigo analisa o processo de modernização da produção brasileira de coco. O cultivo desse fruto vem sendo significativamente modificado nestas últimas décadas, quando se observa a passagem de um modelo de produção baseado no extrativismo para um modelo inserido em um contexto representado pelo advento da agricultura científica. Isso significa que a produção do fruto deixou de depender quase que exclusivamente de condicionantes naturais e passou a depender sobremaneira de insumos e implementos difundidos com a modernização agrícola, responsáveis por modificar as formas pelas quais o coco vinha sendo produzido até então, dotando-o de uma racionalidade anteriormente não observada.Palavras-chave: Produção de coco; Modernização da agricultura; Reestruturação produtiva da agricultura. AbstractThis article studies the process of modernization of Brazilian coconut production. The production of this fruit has been modified significantly in the last decades. In other words, the production model based on extraction has become into a scientific agriculture model. Thus, the fruit production is no longer dependent on natural factors and came to greatly depend on inputs and implements utilized with agricultural modernization, responsible for modifying the ways in which the coconut had been produced so far, giving it a rationality not previously observed.Keywords: Coconut production; Agricultural modernization; Productive restructuring of agriculture. Résumé           Cet article analyse le processus de modernisation de la production brésilienne de la noix de coco. La culture de ce fruit a été modifiée de façon significative tout au long des dernières décennies, lorsque l'on observe le passage d'un modèle de production basé sur l'extractivisme vers un modèle inséré dans un contexte représenté par l'agriculture scientifique. Cela signifie que la production de ce fruit ne dépend presque plus de conditions naturelles et est venue à dépendre grandement sur les intrants et outils apparus après la modernisation agricole, responsables des changements considérables de la manière dont la noix de coco avait été produite jusqu´à nos jours.  Mots-clés: Production de la noix de coco; Modernisation de l'agriculture; Restructuration productive de l'agriculture.
A SUPERAÇÃO DO ANTROPOCENTRISMO: UMA NECESSÁRIA RECONFIGURAÇÃO DA INTERFACE HOMEM-NATUREZA - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i2.42609
Authors: Coimbra Diego , Rech Adir Ubaldo
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo traça uma revisão acerca da ética ambiental e seus principais posicionamentos, trazendo uma análise crítica da influência de tais teorias na Constituição Federal de 1988, particularmente sob o prisma do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, como direito de caráter dúplice, intergeracional e fundamental. As visões antropocêntrica, sencientista, ecocêntrica e biocêntrica são apresentadas enquanto evolução do pensamento humano, revelando uma superação de paradigmas morais oriunda da histórica e imperiosa necessidade de reconfiguração da interface homem-natureza, onde a concepção da espécie humana como protagonista do mundo ao seu redor abre espaço para a ideia de que os demais elementos do ecossistema planetário possuem seu próprio valor intrínseco, em razão do papel fundamental que desempenham no meio ambiente, não mais na medida de sua utilidade para as aspirações humanas, malgrado a realidade revelar a carência de efetividade dessas novas interpretações no que diz respeito à experimentação plena do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.Abstract: This article deals a review of the environmental ethics and its main positions, bringing a critical analysis about the influence of such theories in the 1988’s Federal Constitution, particularly in the light of the right to an ecologically balanced environment as duplicitous, intergenerational and fundamental right. The anthropocentric, sentientist, ecocentric and biocentric views are presented as evolution of human thought, revealing an overcoming of moral paradigms, arising from the historical and imperative need for reconfiguration of the human-nature interface, where the human species, as the protagonist of the whole world, makes room for the idea that the other elements of the planetary ecosystem have their own intrinsic value, due to the key role they play in the environment, no longer to the extent of their usefulness to human aspirations, in spite of the reality revealing the lack of effectiveness of these new concepts with regard to full trial of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment.
O ICMS ECOLÓGICO COMO FORMA DE PAGAMENTO POR SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS AOS MUNICÍPIOS PARAENSES PARA A REDUÇÃO DO DESMATAMENTO AMAZÔNICO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i2.42730
Authors: Ferreira Luciano , Tupiassu Lise
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo trata da qualificação do ICMS Ecológico instituído no Estado do Pará como uma modalidade de pagamento por serviços ambientais, uma vez que a repartição das receitas do ICMS aos municípios pelo critério ecológico atende a necessidade de concessão de um estímulo econômico ao sujeito – município – para que proteja a floresta amazônica (bem da natureza gerador de serviços ecossistêmicos) das consequências do desmatamento ilegal. O artigo funda-se inicialmente em elementos doutrinários sobre a valorização dos serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pelos espaços florestais para, a partir da análise da evolução do desmatamento amazônico, e dos critérios para os repasses de ICMS realizados aos municípios paraenses verificar a importância do incentivo financeiro fornecido pelo ICMS em contrapartida com os valores de exploração econômica das áreas amazônicas ilegalmente desmatadas. Abstract: This article deals with the qualification of the Ecological VAT introduced in Para State as a kind of payment for environmental services, since the VAT revenue transferred to municipalities by ecological criteria meets the need for granting of an economic stimulus to the protection of the Amazon forest from deforestation. The article is initially based on doctrinal elements about the valuation of ecosystem services provided by forests. Then, from the analysis of the evolution of Amazonian deforestation, and the ecological criteria for the VAT transfers to Pará municipalities, we verify the importance of the given financial incentive to compensate the economic exploitation values of Amazonian illegally deforested areas.
SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DO COMÉRCIO: ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DO ACORDO SOBRE A APLICAÇÃO DE MEDIDAS SANITÁRIAS E FITOSSANITÁRIAS - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i2.44801
Authors: Barza Eugênia Cristina Nilsen Ribeiro , Bonnomi Natália Paulino
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O objeto deste artigo é a análise do impacto do Acordo sobre a Aplicação de Medidas Sanitárias e Fitossanitárias (Acordo SPS) nas políticas regulatórias direcionadas à proteção da segurança alimentar. A problematização do trabalho consiste em demonstrar como o Acordo SPS pode orientar a regulação do Estado para que esta alcance o nível desejado de proteção sem ensejar barreiras protecionistas ao comércio. Para tanto, o presente artigo estuda as principais normas contidas no Acordo SPS, bem como avalia a disputa EC-Biotech, de modo a compreender o posicionamento da OMC acerca da regulação relativa à segurança alimentar promovida pelos Estados. Conclui-se que são três os caminhos, que constituem direitos autônomos, para os Estados desenvolverem uma política regulatória de segurança alimentar em observância ao Acordo SPS: medidas que estão em conformidade com os padrões internacionais (Artigo 3.1); medidas, com justificação científica, que resultem em um nível mais elevado de proteção (Artigo 3.3); e, quando a evidência científica for insuficiente, medidas provisórias com base na informação pertinente disponível (Artigo 5.7).Abstract: The object of this paper is to analyze the impact of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) in the regulatory policy directed to the protection of food safety. The problem faced in this paper is to demonstrate how the SPS Agreement can guide the regulation by the State so that it reaches the desired level of protection without placing protectionist barriers to trade. Therefore, this article examines the main rules contained in the SPS Agreement, as well as assesses the EC-Biotech dispute, in order to understand the WTO's perception of the regulation of food safety promoted by the States. It is concluded that there are three paths, which constitute autonomous rights, for States to develop a regulatory policy for food safety in compliance with the SPS Agreement: measures that comply with international standards (Article 3.1); measures, with scientific justification, that result in a higher level of protection (Article 3.3); and, when scientific evidence is insufficient, provisional measures based on relevant available information (Article 5.7).
TEORIA DOS SISTEMAS AUTOPOIÉTICOS E CONSTITUIÇÃO: LUHMANN E O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i3.43066
Authors: Schwartz Germano , Ribeiro Douglas
Published: June 2018

Resumo: No Direito brasileiro, o Supremo Tribunal Federal é o guardião da Constituição. Ao verificar citações à teoria de Luhmann em suas decisões, viabiliza-se uma observação sobre a observação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a observação de Luhmann, principalmente sobre aspectos constitucionais. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo pretende analisar como a teoria de Niklas Luhmann foi mencionada em decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, demonstrando os erros, insuficiências ou mesmo falta de clareza na interpretação, com vistas a aclarar certas tendências equivocadas e, igualmente, explicitar pontos importantes da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos.Abstract: In the brazilian law, the Supreme Federal Court is the guardian of Brazil’s Constitution. By verifying Luhmann’s theory quotes in their decisions it allows an observation on Supreme Federal Court’s observation on Luhmann’s observation, mainly on constitutional issues. In this context, the present article intends to analyze how Niklas Luhmann’s theory was mentioned in decisions of the Supreme Federal Court, showing the errors, incompleteness or even lack of clarity on the interpretation in order to clarify important points of the theory of autopoietic social systems.
PRESERVAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS E A LIMITAÇÃO REGULATÓRIA ADMINISTRATIVA DECORRENTE DA OUTORGA DE DIREITO DE USO DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO BRASIL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v41i3.48704
Authors: De Souza Júlio César , Bizawu Sébastien Kiwonghi
Published: June 2018

Resumo: O presente artigo visa a abordar a orientação legislativa definida no tocante ao uso, manejo e apropriação dos recursos hídricos, a partir da análise do contexto histórico da evolução do reconhecimento da água como bem ambiental, público, finito e dotado de valor econômico, cuja utilização, disposição e acesso constituem-se em direito fundamental, a ser protegido por regulação e gestão ambiental. A análise crítica é situada especialmente no tocante à imposição do instrumento de política nacional de outorga do direito de uso das águas subterrâneas, em que se analisou, à luz da ponderação de interesses, o entendimento dos Tribunais Superiores quanto à prevalência da preservação da água sobre outros direitos. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e natureza descritiva, tendo como norte metodológico o método dedutivo, por meio da técnica monográfica, com realização de revisão bibliográfica de artigos e obras doutrinárias nacionais referentes ao tema e análises de decisões. Abstract: The present article aims to address the legislative orientation defined regarding the use, management and appropriation of water resources, based on the analysis of the historical context related to the evolution of the recognition of water as an environmental, public, finite and endowed with economic value, whose use, disposition and access constitute a fundamental right, to be protected through regulation and environmental management. The critical analysis is focused in particular on the imposition of the instrument of national policy for granting the right to use groundwater, in which, in light of the balance of interests, the Supreme Courts' understanding of the prevalence of water preservation over others rights. For the development of the study, a qualitative and descriptive approach was used, using the methodological approach as the deductive method, through the monographic technique, with the accomplishment of bibliographical revision of articles and national doctrinal works referring to the subject and analysis of decisions.
Inclusión: más allá de la equidad de género
Authors: Fongt de Bolaños Graciela
Published: June 2018

Realidad Empresarial No. 5, 2018: 3
Influencia de distintas estrategias de andamiaje para promover la participación del alumnado de secundaria en las prácticas científicas
Authors: Crujeiras Pérez Beatriz , Jiménez Aleixandre María Pilar
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se examina la idoneidad de distintas estrategias docentes para guiar al alumnado de secundaria en la participación en las prácticas científicas. Los participantes son dos profesores de secundaria y sus respectivas aulas de tercero de la ESO que cursan la materia de Física y Química. La tarea objeto de estudio consiste en investigar la efectividad de dos pastas de dientes para prevenir la caries. Para el análisis se examina el discurso de ambos docentes durante la resolución de la tarea y se codifican sus intervenciones mediante un marco de estrategias de andamiaje propuesto por Van de Pol, Volman y Beishuizen (2010). Los resultados muestran diferencias en las estrategias utilizadas por ambos docentes, las cuales influyen en los desempeños del alumnado relativos al diseño y puesta en práctica de investigaciones.
La prueba conceptual de electricidad y magnetismo: análisis de confiabilidad y estudio de las dificultades más frecuentes
Authors: Barniol Pablo , Campos Esmeralda , Zavala Genaro
Published: June 2018

La prueba The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) ha sido ampliamente utilizada en el área de la educación de la física. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no existe un estudio que presente el test en su versión en español. Este artículo tiene tres objetivos generales: 1) presentar el CSEM en su versión en español y analizar la confiabilidad y poder discriminatorio de este, 2) realizar un análisis detallado de las dificultades más frecuentes de los estudiantes en los conceptos evaluados en el test y 3) establecer recomendaciones para la investigación e instrucción de estos conceptos. El test fue implementado a 310 estudiantes que terminaban el curso Electricidad y Magnetismo de una universidad mexicana. El test en su versión en español, que presentamos en el proyecto Physport (physport.org), los análisis y las recomendaciones para la instrucción pueden ser utilizados por investigadores o por profesores de física de países hispanohablantes.
¿Cómo utilizan los maestros en formación inicial sus conocimientos didácticos en el diseño de una prueba experiencial para evaluar subcompetencias de estudiantes de educación primaria?
Authors: De Pro Chereguini Carlos , De Pro Bueno Antonio , Serrano Pastor Francisca José
Published: June 2018

Partiendo de la importancia de los conocimientos didácticos en la formación inicial de los maestros, es preciso conocer qué han aprendido nuestros estudiantes, tras cursar la titulación de Maestro (especialidad Educación Primaria). Por ello, en el contexto de una prueba escrita en la última asignatura de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales (DCE), tuvieron que diseñar una prueba para valorar los aprendizajes de unos niños de educación primaria sobre el tema de «Máquinas y dispositivos mecánicos». Los resultados muestran los logros conseguidos con nuestra intervención, pero también las limitaciones y obstáculos que no han superado.
La siempre cambiante contextualización de la naturaleza de la ciencia: documentos recientes sobre la reforma de la educación científica en los Estados Unidos y su impacto en el logro de la alfabetización científica
Authors: Lederman Norman G
Published: June 2018

Diversos autores han manifestado una gran preocupación por la marginalización de la naturaleza de la ciencia (NDC) en los Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Sin embargo, un análisis conceptual cuidadoso de cómo se trata la NDC en los NGSS, en comparación con los documentos de reforma curricular previos en los Estados Unidos, revela una situación compleja de cómo se contextualiza la NDC y de las suposiciones correspondientes a cómo esta se enseña y aprende mejor. Una perspectiva histórica de cómo surge la NDC como un componente educativo importante se provee antes de discutir el rol de la NDC en los NGSS y en documentos de reforma previos.
Incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival of colorectal cancer patients in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship in 2005-2011, based on data from the National Health Fund
Authors: Nowicki Andrzej , Dahms Sylwia
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival rates illustrate the epidemiological situation of colorectal cancer and assess the effectiveness of the treatment. In Poland, the National Health Fund is the payer of benefits. The data related to morbidity, incidence, and 5-year survival may be supplementary to the epidemiological data of the National Cancer Registry.
Objective: Analysis of benefits granted by NHF in Bydgoszcz to persons with diagnosed colorectal cancer in 2006-2011 including the assessment of incidence, morbidity and 5-year survival of the population in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province.
Material and methods: The study analyzed the benefits recorded in the database of the National Health Fund in Bydgoszcz in 2006-2011 given to patients with colorectal cancer. The Kaplan-Meier method and the gambling rate were used to determine the probability of survival.
Results: In 2006-2011 men were offered 10.1% more benefits than women. The most frequent benefits were colorectal cancer (48.9%), rectal cancer (43.8%) and esophageal cancer (7.2%). In total, 50410 benefits were provided. Despite the increase in the number of women in the population, 388 more men died than women. The probability of survival was 46.8 %% and 42.6% for men and women, respectively, and 41.8%, 44.2% and 48.9% for colon cancer, esophageal and rectal folds, respectively.
Conclusions: In the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province during the period of 2006-2011 the number of diagnosed colorectal cancers increased as did the overall number of benefits provided.There was also a downward trend for the total number of benefits granted in relation to the trend of the increase in the number of new diagnosed cases. Incidence and morbidity rates were variable, gradually increasing in subsequent years and amounted to 59/100000 and 67/100000, 355/100000 and 408/100000 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The probability of 5-year survival was 45.2%. Diagnosis of a disease in patients above 69 years of age increased the likelihood of death.
GOOD PRACTICES IN WINE TOURISM IN SELECTED COUNTRIES AND CONCLUSIONS FOR POLAND
Authors: Pink Małgorzata
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Evaluation of activities supporting the development of wine tourism in Poland in the context of best practices used by well-developed wine regions in different countries and issues related to wine tourism indicated by theoreticians. Method: In order to indicate the best practices applied by selected wine regions, we used a method of content and a case study analysis. The evaluation of activities supporting the development of wine tourism in Poland was made on the basis of an analysis of digital documents provided by the Ministry of Sport and Tourism, the Polish Tourist Organization, regional tourist organizations, and entities managing Polish wine routes. The assessment of winemakers' activities was based on the analysis of the content of online documents introduced by themselves. Among the 364 winemakers, only 152 had a website. The research sample of electronic documents generated by service providers was therefore 152. Electronic documents were analyzed from a point of view of the main information relevant to the enotourism planning, information about additional services and the availability of information for non-Polish speakers customers. Findings: There is lacking sustain activities supporting wine tourism at the level of the central administration. At the regional level, uneven activities are occurring, with varying intensity, depending on the region. Among the winemakers, the entities those involved in the promotion of their own tourist activities belong to the minority. Only 42% of entities have their own website, of which in 20% of cases the content of the website is inadequate to the enotourism activity, or the site was inactive. Assuming the activities taken on the three above mentioned levels, there is lack of continuity of the wine tourism development strategy among the stakeholders. Research and conclusions limitations: Only electronic documents were used for the analysis of the issued problem. In a further studies it would be justified to conduct observations allowing to assess the quality of provided services in the field of enotourism and focus groups with the participation of the entities from particular groups of stakeholders. Practical implication: The text indicates the best practices for Polish wine tourism. Originality: The Polish wine tourism industry has not been analyzed in terms of good practices. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of the documents content and information regarding enotourism organisation on three levels of stakeholders engaged in the promotion of wine tourism in Poland. Type of paper: Original theoretical and implementation study.
Seasonal fluctuation of oribatid mite communities in forest microhabitats
Authors: Wehner Katja , Heethoff Michael , Brückner Adrian
Published: June 2018

Oribatid mites are abundant and diverse decomposers in almost all terrestrial microhabitats, especially in temperate forests. Although their functional importance in the decomposition system in these forests has been investigated, spatio-temporal patterns of oribatid mite communities inhabiting different microhabitats have largely been neglected. Therefore, we (i) investigated seasonal fluctuation (monthly over one year) in oribatid-mite community structure and specificity to three microhabitats (moss, dead wood and litter) and (ii) analyzed the influence of air temperature and overall air humidity on seasonal community changes. In total, 57,398 adult oribatid mite individuals were collected. Total abundance, species richness and diversity differed among microhabitats. Seasonal changes were most pronounced in moss and least in litter. While overall air humidity had no influence on species distribution and community changes, air temperature positively influenced species richness and diversity, again most pronounced in moss. The calculated environmental temperature occurrence niche showed that 35% of adult oribatid mite species occurred at higher air temperatures. Furthermore, interaction/bipartite networks were more generalized—i.e., species were more equally distributed among moss, dead wood and litter—when ambient air temperatures were higher. This pattern is probably due to the dispersal ability of adult oribatid mites, i.e., species enter a dispersal mode only at higher air temperatures.
Pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE signaling is activated during arousal from hibernation in ground squirrel adipose
Authors: Logan Samantha M. , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: June 2018

Background

Inflammation is generally suppressed during hibernation, but select tissues (e.g. lung) have been shown to activate both antioxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways, particularly during arousal from torpor when breathing rates increase and oxidative metabolism fueling the rewarming process produces more reactive oxygen species. Brown and white adipose tissues are now understood to be major hubs for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, yet how these potentially damaging processes are regulated by fat tissues during hibernation has hardly been studied. The advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE) can induce pro-inflammatory responses when bound by AGEs (which are glycated and oxidized proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids) or damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs, which are released from dying cells).

Methods

Since gene expression and protein synthesis are largely suppressed during torpor, increases in AGE-RAGE pathway proteins relative to a euthermic control could suggest some role for these pro-inflammatory mediators during hibernation. This study determined how the pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE signaling pathway is regulated at six major time points of the torpor-arousal cycle in brown and white adipose from a model hibernator, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. Immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, and a competitive ELISA were used to assess the relative gene expression and protein levels of key regulators of the AGE-RAGE pathway during a hibernation bout.

Results

The results of this study revealed that RAGE is upregulated as animals arouse from torpor in both types of fat, but AGE and DAMP levels either remain unchanged or decrease. Downstream of the AGE-RAGE cascade, nfat5 was more highly expressed during arousal in brown adipose.

Discussion

An increase in RAGE protein levels and elevated mRNA levels of the downstream transcription factor nfat5 during arousal suggest the pro-inflammatory response is upregulated in adipose tissue of the hibernating ground squirrel. It is unlikely that this cascade is activated by AGEs or DAMPs. This research sheds light on how a fat-but-fit organism with highly regulated metabolism may control the pro-inflammatory AGE-RAGE pathway, a signaling cascade that is often dysregulated in other obese organisms.