bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HL‐A Antigens in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Hedfors Eva , Möller Erna
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HL–A antigens was determined in 50 patients with sarcoidosis and in 100 healthy controls. A higher frequency of HL–A7 was found among the sarcoidosis patients (52%) compared to the control group (27 %), but this difference is not statistically significant.
Determination of HL‐A2 Gene Dosage Effect on Lymphocytes by Release of Radioactive Chromium
Authors: White Arthur G. , da Costa A. J. , Darg Charles
Published: July 2010

A reproducible, well‐defined technique is described for measurement of lytic rate of lymphocytes in the presence of HL–A antisera. Using this technique, it has been possible to determine HL–A2 zygosity in related and unrelated people using both fresh and stored cells. Homozygous HL–A2 individuals show lysis times approximately half those of heterozygotes, and this is interpreted as indicating possession of twice the amount of antigen. The application of the technique to the determination of HL–A zygosity in donors and recipients is discussed.
The Histocompatibility Complex SL‐A in the Pig. Possible Recombination Between the Regions Governing MLR and Serology Respectively
Authors: Vaiman M. , Haag J. , Arnoux A. , Nizza P.
Published: July 2010

The present study concerns a family of pigs genotypically defined for the SL–A system (major histocompatibility system in this species). One of this siblings showed evidence of a dissociation between serological and MLC characteristics. A thorough study of this case suggested different but linked loci for the SL–A antigens as serologically defined at present and for the MLC respectively. Furthermore, one‐way MLC revealed a stimulation of heterozygous by homozygous cells for the SL–A system.
Distribution of Theta Antigens in Ovum Fusion Derived AKR → CBA/H‐T6T6 Tetraparental Mouse Chimaeras
Authors: Bona C. A. , Tuffrey M. , Barnes R. D.
Published: July 2010

The distribution of antigens has been studied on blood lymphocytes of eight AKR °CBA/H‐T6T6 chimaeras using immunoautoradiography and of male hybrids born from the mixed germ line AKR °CBA/H‐T6T6 chimaera × Balb/c involving the cytotoxicity method. Analysis of ↔ positive cells in the peripheral blood of the tetraparental chimaeras showed that the sum of both ↔ positive cell populations varied between 49 and 81 % of the total blood lymphocytes. In spite of this, there was a marked variation in the proportion of the two cell populations ‐ in some chimaeras ARK ↔ positive cells predominated, in others the reverse was true. In hybrids it is apparent that both antigens were detected, and furthermore, the total percentage exceeded 100 %. The quantative distribution of both θ antigens is held to reflect the contribution of each genotype in the general make‐up of the total somatic population and it is concluded that the ovum fusion has not resulted in cell hybridization.
An Association of HL‐A3 and HL‐A7 with Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Authors: Pietsch MURRAY C. , Morris PETER J.
Published: July 2010

The frequency of 22 HL‐A antigens in 111 patients who had had paralytic poliomyelitis in past epidemics was compared to the frequency of the same antigens in 395 blood donors. There was a significant increase of HL‐A3 and HL‐A7 in the polio patients (P < 0.02, P < 0.002, respectively, after the application of a correction factor for the number of comparisons). It is suggested that this association might represent an association between HL‐A and an immune response gene determining an immune response to the virus or a product of viral infection of the central nervous system. As the frequency of HL‐A3 and HL‐A7 has been found to be increased in studies of multiple sclerosis, a similar aetiological mechanism might be responsible for both diseases.
Anti‐HL‐A Immunization after Repeated Haemodialysis in Relation to Patients’ HL‐A Types
Authors: Abdulsalam MARIA , Schmid M. , Reboul MURIELLE , Hors J. , Colombani J.
Published: July 2010

Sera from 47 patients immunized mainly by multiple transfusions during haemodialysis were studied by the lymphocytotoxicity test (LCT) and the platelet complement fixation test (PICF). The HL‐A specificities of the observed antibodies were compared with the HL‐A antigens present in the immunized subjects. The inhibition of the production of antibodies against certain antigens in the presence of cross reacting antigens in the immunized individuals was studied by a method using “Bayes’ theorem”. This inhibition was only partial for the antibodies detected by LCT in contrast to those found by PICF. The comparison of both techniques lead to the conclusion that this type of inhibition did not completely prevent the production of antibodies against a cross reacting antigen but it decreased the frequency and intensity of the response against the antigen.
HL‐A Antigens on Cells Isolated from Malignant and Nonmalignant Lymph Nodes
Authors: Naeim FARAMARZ , Stoddard ANDREW , Smith GEORGE S. , Walford ROY L.
Published: July 2010

HL‐A profiles of peripheral lymphocytes and isolated lymph node cells were compared in 10 patients, of whom seven had lymphorecticular malignancy. No significant differences were noted.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man. The Impact of SD Determinants on in Vitro Induced Lympholysis
Authors: Grunnet N. , Kristensen T. , Jørgensen F. , Kissmeyer‐nielsen F.
Published: July 2010

Using the principles of Lightbody et al. (1971) the influence of SD differences in Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML) between unrelated individuals was studied. These experiments showed that effector‐lymphocytes sensitized against a number of SD determinants showed declining killing efficiency confronted with targets having four, three, two or one of these determinants. Normally maximum killing efficiency was observed using stimulator and target lymphocytes from the same individual, while stimulator and target lymphocytes being unrelated but SD identical showed high, but not maximum killing. In SD identical effector/target combinations killing was not seen at a degree comparable to SD unidentical combinations. We have concluded that antigens shared by stimulator and responder/effector lymphocytes cannot be sensitized for in the Mixed Lymphocyte Culture.
Identification of Four MLC‐Specificities in the Dog
Authors: Grosse‐wilde H. , Vriesendorp H. M. , Wank R. , Mempel W. , Dechamps B. , Honauer U. , Baumann P. , Netzel B. , Kolb H. J. , Albert E. D.
Published: July 2010

Typing for MLC determinants was done in 82 beagles of five different colonies using reference cells which could be shown by family analysis to be homozygous for both the serologically defined (SD) antigens and for the lymphocyte defined (LD) MLC determinants. One‐way nonstimulation with the homozygous reference cells was taken as evidence for the presence of the respective MLC determinant on the tested cells.

Four LD specificities (DL—50, 51, 52, 53) are defined by homozygous cells and at least three additional LD types can be recognised by their nonidentity with the known types. In this way 154 of 164 haplotypes in 82 beagles could be accounted for by seven MLC determinants. A strong association between the determinants of the LD and SD system was observed in the tested beagle population.
Antigenic Expression and Cross Reactions in HL‐A Variants of Lymphoid Cell Lines
Authors: Pious DONALD , Bodmer JULIA , Bodmer WALTER
Published: July 2010

Immunogenetic studies were carried out on an HL‐A2/HL‐A3 heterozygous lymphoid cell line, 8866, and on two HL‐A2 negative variant sublines of 8866 which had arisen independently of one another. The parent 8866 line reacted positively with some W28 sera: these cross reactions were absent in both HL‐A2 “loss” variant sublines. Other serum reactions, apparently characteristic of lymphoid cell lines, were present in 8866 and were retained in the variants. HL‐A3 was expressed in hemizygous rather than homozygous dosage in the variants, ruling out mitotic crossing over as the mechanism producing HL‐A2 loss. HL‐A2 was undetectable either in the disrupted membranes or in the cytosol of the variant cells.
Restriction of Polymorphisms Defined by Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions in the Pig
Authors: Bradley B. A. , White D. J. G. , Edwards J. M.
Published: July 2010

The gene expressions of the major histocompatibility complex in pigs were examined by mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and by conventional serological techniques. When the results were compared, fewer alternative phenotypes were shown by MLR than by serology. Thus, MLR polymorphism was considered to be restricted in the context of the polymorphism of the complex as a whole. Since the gene expressions detected by both techniques appeared relevant to renal allograft rejection, typing by both should give more accurate predictions of survival. It remains to be seen whether a similar phenomenon can be demonstrated in other outbred species, including man.
An Initial Investigation of Lymphocyte Antibody Activity through Pregnancy and in Eluates Prepared from Placental Material
Authors: Doughty R. W. , Gelsthorpe K.
Published: July 2010

Lymphocyte cytotoxic antibody specificity and activity were studied through seven pregnancies. Maternal and neo‐natal samples were HL‐A typed and eluates prepared from placental material. In six cases where neo‐natal lymphocytes reacted with maternal antisera, antibody activity was found in the placental eluate but not in the neo‐natal serum. In the seventh case no reaction was obtained with neo‐natal lymphocytes, antibody activity was not detected in the placental eluate but was found in neo‐natal serum. The role of the placenta as a defence mechanism for the foetus against HL‐A antibodies is discussed.
Comparative Studies on the Rates of Re‐Expression of Human Histocompatibility Antigens after Papain Treatment
Authors: Bright SUSAN
Published: July 2010

Papain treatment was used to remove surface human histocompatibility antigens from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of one individual. The rates of re‐expression of two antigens, 4a and HL‐A12, were measured and compared to ascertain whether this might throw some light on the relationship between the two antigens. Possible implications are discussed.

Lymphocytes, which had been previously stored in liquid nitrogen, were also shown to be capable of resynthesising antigen after papain treatment.
Evidence for Two Linked Loci Controlling the Serologically Defined Leukocyte Antigens of Chimpanzees (ChL‐A)*
Authors: Balner H. , Gabb B. W. , D'amaro J. , VAN Vreeswijk W. , Visser T. P.
Published: July 2010

Eleven serologically defined (SD) leukocyte specificities of chimpanzees are described. The results of a limited population analysis of unrelated animals and of family studies were compatible with genetic control of those specificities by alleles of two different loci. Close linkage between these loci, although not formally proved, is likely on the basis of the segregation patterns of the specificities in the families. Serological similarities between specificities of the first and second series of chimpanzees and those of the LA and FOUR series of the human HL‐A complex (respectively) lend support to the assumption that gene products of two linked SD loci are identified as belonging to the chimpanzee's major histocompatibility complex, ChL‐A.
Linkage of Chido and HL‐A
Authors: Middleton JANICE , Crookston MARIE C. , Falk JUDITH A. , Robson ELIZABETH B. , Cook P. J. L. , Batchelor J. R. , Bodmer JULIA , Ferrara G. B. , Festenstein H. , Harris R. , Kissmeyer‐nielsen F. , Lawler SYLVIA D. , Sachs J. A. , Wolf EVA
Published: July 2010

Of 156 families who were HL‐A typed and Chido‐typed, 15 were found to be suitable for linkage analysis. It was calculated that the odds in favour of linkage of Chido and HL‐A are 1,450,000:1. The maximum likelihood estimate of the Chido:1.HL‐A recombination fraction is 2½% with 95% confidence limits, obtained graphically, of 0 and 12%; the estimate of the Chido:2.HL‐A recombination fraction is 1½%, with limits of 0 and 9%. Among Chido negative subjects, the antigens HL‐A12 and W5 occurred more frequently than in a control population.
HL‐A Phenotypes, Immunoglobulins and K and L Chains in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Smith G. , Walford R. L. , Fishkin B. , Carter P. K. , Tanaka K.
Published: July 2010

HL‐A typing in 32 Caucasians and 12 Negroes with multiple myeloma showed an increase in frequency of the 4c complex of antigens in the Caucasians (uncorrected P < 0.01). Among the Caucasians IgA myelomas had an increased frequency of HL‐A9. Those patients with Kappa chains had a lower frequency of HL‐A2 and an increased frequency of W‐22. All correlations, however, are a low magnitude and can only be considered suggestive.
HL‐A Antibodies and Cold Lymphocytotoxins
Authors: Mayer S. , Falkenrodt A. , Tongio M. M.
Published: July 2010

Thirty sera with anti‐HL‐A antibodies were studied at +15°C to find out whether cold lymphocytotoxins were, in fact, not anti‐HL‐A antibodies. Two conclusions were drawn from this research: firstly, that anti‐HL‐A were revealed at +15°C and that the HL‐A specificity was often broader at +15°C than at +37°C. Secondly, that some sera, with a well defined +37°C anti‐HL‐A specificity, showed at +15°C a combination of anti‐HL‐A antibodies and cold lymphocytotoxic antibodies which could be dissociated by absorption on platelets.
Three LD (MLC) Determinants. A Danish Population Study
Authors: Jørgensen F. , Lamm L. U. , Kissmeyer‐nielsen F.
Published: July 2010

During a search among offsprings of first cousin marriages three SD and LD homozygous individuals were found. They are supposed to define three alleles ‐j, lands‐ at the major MLC locus. In a sample of 101 unrelated and healthy adult Danes, the gene frequency was found to beP(j)= 0.078,P(l)= 0.1225 andP(s)= 0.1460. Each of these genes was found to be strongly associated with one or two SD genes ‐ most often at the FOUR series ‐ and the degree of gametic association was similar to that of the SD haplotypes, HL‐A1,8 and HL‐A3,7. The allelejshowed the strongest association with W5, whilesshowed association with HL‐A7 andlis associated with both HL‐A12 and W19. The reliability of the MLC typing was found to be sufficiently good forjandswhile it was not so good forl.The reproducibility in J typings is better than 98 %.
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture Technique: Standardization of a Test‐System with 105 Responding and 105 Stimulating Lymphocytes per 1 ml
Authors: Thomsen MOGENS , Hansen GRETE S. , Svejgaard ARNE , Jersild CASPER , Hansen JOHN A. , Good R. A. , Dupont BO
Published: July 2010

An MLC test system is described utilizing 105 responding and 105 stimulating lymphocytes in a total of 1 ml of culture medium. Some of the variables of the test have been evaluated and the reproducibility of the test within a given day and between days investigated according to a Workshop protocol. This system was first applied to three groups: HL‐A identical siblings, one haplotype different family members and two haplotype different individuals. Within each group, the log converted stimulation ratios are normally distributed, allowing the use of simple statistical analysis in repeated testings. In addition, a group of weakly positive MLC reactions can be detected. This group includes the LD identical but SD different sibling combinations. Within the same group we find some unrelated HL‐A sero‐identical combinations and the so‐called LD typing response, used to identify LD determinants by means of LD and SD homozygous stimulating test cells.

It is concluded that this MLC test system allows identification of identical combinations, weakly positive combinations and one and two haplotype responses even within unrelated combinations. This test system may have advantages over the microtiter test system because the large culture volume gives a low concentration of blastogenic factors in typing responses.
Lymphocytotoxins in a Chronic Hemodialysis Population
Authors: Manzler ALAN D. , Nathan PAUL
Published: July 2010

Patients in a chronic hemodialysis program were studied over a period of 2½ years to determine whether or not blood transfusions cause the development of cytotoxic antibodies. Blood exposure was moderate in quantity and varied in the type of processing used. No patient was demonstrated to have converted from negative serum cytotoxicity to positive serum cytotoxicity on the basis of blood transfusions given while on dialysis. The use of leukocyte‐free blood, although theoretically desirable, was not shown to be necessary by this study.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man: The Non‐Impact of the ABO Bloodgroup System
Authors: Kristensen T. , Grunnet N. , Thorsen INGE‐LIS , Kissmeyer‐nielsen F.
Published: July 2010

Only two alloantigeneic systems have so far been found to constitute important histocompatibility barriers in vivo, namely the HL‐A and ABO bloodgroup systems. The impact of the HL‐A antigens of first and second series on in vitro Cll Mediated Lympholysis (CML) is well established. However, lympholysis does occur which cannot easily be explained on the basis of LA and FOUR antigens being the sole target in CML. We have studied the possible influence of the ABO bloodgroup antigens on CML in 22 different experiments involving 54 unrelated individuals. It is concluded that the ABO antigens can not initiate lympholysis of any importance within the sensitivity of the indirect CML test.
Some Important Factors in Cadaver‐Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Murray SHEILAGH , Dewar P. J. , Uldall P. R. , Wilkinson R. , Kerr D. N. S. , Taylor R. M. R. , Swinney J.
Published: July 2010

The results of 88 cadaver‐donor renal first transplants from the Newcastle Transplantation Centre have been reviewed after a minimum period of 6 months post transplant. They show the significant benefit of two antigen identity at the second HL‐A locus between kidney donor and recipient. Pretransplant blood transfusion showed a beneficial effect on kidney survival. Cases with preformed cytotoxic antibodies showed a favourable outcome compared to cases without antibody, provided the crossmatch was negative. Rh(D) positive recipients showed a significant association with satisfactory outcome when compared to the Rh(D) negative recipients.
Basic Survival
Authors: Edwards J. H.
Published: July 2010

A simple graphical procedure for the recording and analysis of survival is described. This procedure is suitable for the follow up of limited numbers of cases with disorders requiring supervision after treatment. The methods are demonstrated with reference to data on renal transplantation from Birmingham.
Maternal Cell Mediated Immunity to Foetal Transplantation Antigens
Authors: Tait B. D. , 'Apice A. J. F. , Morris P. J.
Published: July 2010

The leukocyte migration test was used to study maternal cell mediated immunity to foetal transplantation antigens present on cord lymphocytes at the time of birth. Four out of 26 primigravida patients and three out of 16 multigravida patients gave positive results with this technique. The inhibition of migration achieved with these patients was less than that obtained with a positive control group of polytransfused cardiac surgical patients.

Positive results in the leukocyte migration test were correlated with a smaller placental weight and a reduced placental‐foetal weight ratio. There was no significant reduction in birth weights. There appeared to be no correlation in the present study between the presence of cytotoxic antibody as detected by the microlymphocytotoxicity test and a positive leukocyte migration test.
Production of Anti‐W24 Xenoantisera in Rabbits1
Authors: FERRONE S. , PELLEGRINO M. A. , BILLING R. , TERASAKI P. I. , REISFELD R. A.
Published: July 2010

One out of four rabbits injected with partially purified soluble HL–A antigen from serum produced cytotoxic antibodies to human lymphocytes. These antibodies appear to be directed tc the specificity W24 as determined by correlation studies with HL–A alloantisera and by absorption‐inhibition experiments with human platelets and with serum soluble HL–A antigens.

In the sera from the other three immunized rabbits, no antibodies to human lymphoid cells could be detected by the cytotoxic test, blocking of T cell rosette formation, stimulation of DNA synthesis and inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Antigenic Determinants of the W28 Molecule Different from but Spatially Close to W28 Determinant
Authors: BELVEDERE M. , RICHIARDI P. , LUGIANI G. , GURTONI E. S.
Published: July 2010

The existence of two allelic determinants, subtypic to W28 (named TO 54 and TO 55), and of an antibody cross‐reacting W28 × HL–A10, is demonstrated. These new determinants have been studied by means of population and family studies and with the following serological techniques: absorption, elution, lysostrip and blocking by F(ab')2 fragment. The results suggest that determinants TO 54 and TO 55 are very similar each other and are spatially close to the supertypic factor.
An Estimation of the Recombination Fraction between the MLC Locus and the FOUR Locus
Authors: KEUNING J. J. , TWEEL J. G. VAN DEN , GABB B. W. , TERMIJTELEN A. , GOULMY E. , BLOXLAND E. , ELFERINK B. G. , VAN ROOl J. J.
Published: July 2010

Thirty‐nine families with 167 children were typed for HL‐A and studied in the MLC test. Two maternal recombinations between the FOUR and the MLC locus in two different families were found. An estimate of the recombination fraction between the FOUR and the MLC locus was calculated.
Rhesus Lymphocyte Alloantigens.III.Identification of New Antigens
Authors: NEEFE J. R. , ELLIS E. B. , ROGENTINE G. N.
Published: July 2010

Rhesus monkey lymphocytotoxic alloantisera were tested in437random unrelated monkeys and in membersof19 pedigreed families. Groups of sera or individual sera identified 11 specificities. Genetic analysis of the associations of these antigens revealed behavior consistent with the current concept of the major histocompatibility complex of several mammalian species including man in that the antigens could be grouped into two series of closely linked co‐dominantly expressed alleles.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man. Patterns of Killing Power in Relation to the HL‐A System
Authors: GRUNNET NIELS , KRISTENSEN TOM , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN FLEMMINC
Published: July 2010

In general it can be said that the HL‐A (LAand FOUR) antigens seem to be of major qualitative and partly quantitative importance for the degree of destruction in Cell Mediated Lymphoiysis (CML).

This has been established by analyses of 1299 effector/target combinations involving 97 different healthy individuals.

The main observation is that the cytolytic capacity of MLC effectors is positively ranked with the number of HL‐A (LAand FOUR) antigens introduced by the incompatibility between stimulator, effector and target lymphocytes. However, the fact that not all cytolytic situations can be explained by the HL‐A system stresses that other specific antigens (Target Determinants) may interfere with the Cell Mediated Lympholysis.
A Prospective Study of HL‐A Antigen Phenotypes and Lymphocyte Abnormalities in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: BJORKHOLM MAGNUS , HOLM GORAN , JOHANSSON Bo , MELLSTEDT HKKAN , MOLLER ERNA
Published: July 2010

In a prospective study, sixty‐five histologically verified Swedish cases of Hodgkin's disease were HL‐A typed. The antigen frequencies in the patient group did not deviate from a group of normal controls. The frequency of HL‐A8 was slightly increased in patients over 40 years (P < 0.05). HL‐A12 was markedly increased in patients below 40 years with a favourable histopathology (P < 0.001). No association between sex or clinical stage and distribution of HL‐A phenotypes was observed.

The number of T‐lymphocytes in blood and the spontaneous DNA synthesis and DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin and PPD antigen in blood lymphocytes in vitro were determined in 60 patients. A significant increase of HL‐A28 was noted in patients with advanced disease (P < 0.01) and in patients responding poorly to PPD (P < 0.001) and PWM (P < 0.01). No correlation between HL‐A antigen distribution and T‐lymphocyte counts was observed.
The Use of Directly Frozen Cells in LDA Assay
Authors: WERNER CHRISTIANE , BOTELLA FERNANDO , EUGSTER MOIRA , LEGENDRE CLAUDE , JEANNET MICHEL
Published: July 2010

A method of direct freezing is described which requires a cryoprotective medium consisting of humanABserum and DMSO, an ultra‐low temperature freezer and a liquid‐nitrogen refrigerator. Fresh and directly frozen cells were compared in the LDA assay. Direct freezing is quite reliable for normal lymphocytes, PHA transformed lymphocytes or leukaemic blasts used as targets. However, a controlled freezing procedure may be necessary to preserve the effector cell activity.
Serotyping for MLG Gene Products: I. Presumptive Evidence that ABGIL* may Detect MLG Factors
Authors: Kovithavongs Thavisakdi , Hyshka Linda , Mcgonnachie Peter R. , Dossetor John B.
Published: July 2010

Serum from a grand multiparous Inuit (Eskimo) woman, who is HL‐A identical but stimulatory in MLC with cells of her husband, contains strong ABCIL reactivity. This serum is operationally monospecific against a cell membrane determinant on lymphocytes, but not platelets, of some unrelated persons. Cells of those who are ABCIL positive with this serum always give a lower MLC stimulation index compared with their MLC responsiveness to cells that are ABCIL negative. This serum also contains good MLC inhibitory activity but only in those one way MLC reactions in which it reacts, by ABCIL, with the stimulating cells. It is postulated that the ABCIL activity is directed against a common MLC factor on lymphocytes.
Specific MLC Stimulation by Cultured B Cells
Authors: Romano P. J. , Mann D. L.
Published: July 2010

Pairs of cultured T and B lymphoid cells, derived from the same individual, were used as stimulating cells in MLC experiments. Blastogenic responses to cultured B cells were much greater than those to the corresponding T cell line. These cells will provide a useful reagent for isolation and characterization of B cell specific antigens.
HLA Antigens and Immunoresponsiveness to Insulin in Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bertrams J. , Jansen F.K. , Gruneklee D. , Reis H.E. , Drost H. , Beyer J. , Gries F.A. , Kuwert E.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A and B antigens were determined in 112 patient with insulin‐dependent juvenile onset diabetes mellitus, who could be subdivided into “non” and “high responders” to insulin. The data revealed a trend of an association of these diabetes subgroups with only one of the diabetes‐associated antigens HLA‐B8 and HLA‐BW15 and indicated the existence of at least two different genetic constellations for susceptibility to juvenile diabetes mellitus. One form with a strong immune‐response to insulin seemed to be associated with HLA‐BW 15 and the other form without humoral immunoreactivity to insulin seemed to be associated with the presence of HLA‐B8 and the absence of HLA‐B7.
Rga (Rodgers) and the HLA Region: Linkage and Associations
Authors: Giles CM. , Gedde‐Dahl T. , Robson E.B. , Thorsby E. , Olaisen B. , Arnason A. , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen F. , Schreuder I.
Published: July 2010

In 19 families with 97 children the segregation of Rga (Rodgers) was found to be compatible with Mendelian inheritance and five backcross and 14 intercross families were found among HLA and Bf typed families. Close linkage (lods + 17.82) without recombination was found between Rg and the HLA region, with a direct count of 96 nonrecombinant meioses for Rg‐HLA‐B. Kg‐ was strongly associated with HLA‐B8 (29 of 30 haplotypes) and probably associated with Bw40, but did occur on other HLA‐B haplotypes. By inference.Rg‐ is negatively associated with Ch‐ (Chido). The Rg‐Ch‐ haplotype has not been observed. Rg3 and Cha may or may not be coded for by different sites of the same cistron closely linked to HLA‐B:C and cannot as yet be excluded from being parts of B or C.
A Rapid HLA‐D Matching Method using PHA Blasts as Responding Cells (Preliminary Data on PHA Blasts HLA‐D Typing)
Authors: Mawas C. , Charmot D. , Comoy A. , Sasportes M.
Published: July 2010

Day 3‐4 PHA stimulated lymphocytes were found to respond against HLA‐D without any period of latency, thus allowing a discriminative MLR reading as early as 24‐48 h. The test is therefore characterized by the minute number of responding cells necessary (5 × 103), a one‐way reaction without additional treatment of the stimulating normal lymphocytes (5 × 104), and the rapid obtaining of data. We found the preliminary data testing its concordance with classical HLA‐D typing encouraging and worthy of being tested on a larger scale. Using mitogen stimulated recipient cells stored frozen, HLA‐D matching with potential donors was found to be feasible within 24‐48 h. The mechanism of such a prompt response by mitogen stimulated lymphocytes is unknown but appears to be independent of the nature and dose of a given mitogen.
Normal Human Sera Cytotoxic to Cells of Human Acute Leukemia
Authors: Schacter Bernice , Bias Wilma B. , Humphrey Richard L.
Published: July 2010

Eight human sera from healthy individuals with no history of immunization with human transplantation antigens have demonstrated complement dependent cytotoxicity to cells of some patients with active acute leukemia. The antigen(s) detected by these sera are absent from normal and remission lymphocytes and appear most often in ALL patients with a high peripheral lymphoblast count. Some B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines carry the antigen(s) as evidenced by their ability to react with and absorb the antileukemia activity. The data support the existence of at least two overlapping specificities detected by these antileukemia sera. The leukemia antigen(s) show no strong correlation with any known HLA antigen. These observations provide evidence for a human leukemia blast associated antigen or set of antigens which may be immunogenic in man. Their relationship to normal HLA antigens of loci other than A, B or C is unknown.
Segregation of HL‐A27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis in an Informative Kindred
Authors: de Bruyère M. , de Deuxchaisnes Ch. Nagant
Published: July 2010

A family with high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (A.S.) was investigated for the presence of HL‐A27. In this family, classical A.S. occurred in five subjects and possible A.S. in two out of 64 members examined. In all seven cases, HL‐A27 was present. The study of the segregation of A.S. and HL‐A27 in this kindred demonstrates that more than one gene is responsible for the expression of A.S., that the homozygous state for the HL‐A27 gene may lead to the occurrence of A.S., and that possibly a simple genetic explanation accounts for the simultaneous transmission of HL‐A27 and A.S.
HL‐A8 and LD‐8a in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Möller Erna , Hammarström L. , Smith E. , Matell G.
Published: July 2010

The frequency of HL‐A8 in myasthenia gravis is markedly increased in women (60–80%) but not in men. The MLC determinant, LD–8a, is frequently associated with HL–A8. Of the 37 female MS patients, 15 were LD–8a positive (41%), whereas of the males only one of seven was LD–8a positive. The frequency of HL–A8 was 68% in women and 29% in men with the disease. We therefore conclude that the gene which is responsible for the increased susceptibility to myasthenia gravis in women and which is present in the MHS region, is more closely linked to the SD–2 than to the LD–1 locus.
HL‐A in Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Iványi Dagmar , Dřízhal I. , Erbenová Eva , Hořejš J. , Salavec M. , Macurová Helena , Dostál C. , Balík J. , Juran J.
Published: July 2010

HL‐A phenotype frequencies were studied in 36 patients with Sjögren's syndrome and compared with those of 350 healthy individuals from the same geographical area. Patients suffering from Sjögren's syndrome had a significantly higher frequency of HL‐A8 (P corrected <0.01). The relative risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome is 3.96 for HL‐A8 positive individuals.
Separation of Anti‐Ia (I‐Region Associated Antigens) from Anti‐H‐2 Antibodies in Complex Sera, by Absorption on Blood Platelets. Description of Three New Ia Specificities1
Authors: Colombani Jacques , Colombani Monique , Shreffler Donald C. , David Chella
Published: July 2010

H‐2 antigens are expressed in substantial amounts on murine blood platelets (for H‐2 antigenic content 1 lymphocyte ∼ 50 platelets) whereas Ia antigens are probably not expressed at all (minimal Ia antigenic content more than 35 times lower than for H‐2). This property of blood platelets makes themvery useful for the selective absorption of anti‐H‐2 antibodies from complex sera and for the preparation of specific anti‐Ia antibodies from such sera. In 20 sera produced against the complete H‐2 complex, 12 sera contained anti‐Ia antibodies beside the expected anti‐H‐2 antibodies. In two sera, separation of the anti‐Ia antibodies was easily obtained by absorption of the anti‐H‐2 antibodies on platelets. The analysis of one serum (C3H.Q × B10.D2) anti‐C3H [(q × d) anti‐k] showed that, in addition to the expected anti‐H‐2.23 and anti‐Ia.2 antibodies, it contained at least three other Ia antibodies, separable by absorption on lymphocytes, which recognized three antigens–Ia. 17, determined by the haplotypes k, f, s, r, j; Ia. 18, determined by the haplotypes k, f, s; and Ia. 19 determined by the haplotypes k and r. The genes are located in the I–A and/or I–B subregions of the H–2 complex.
Production of Specific Antisera to Human B Lymphocytes
Authors: Goodfellow Peter , Barnstable Colin , Jones Elizabeth , Bodmer Walter F. , Crumpton Michael J. , Snary David
Published: July 2010

Antisera have been prepared, in mice and rabbits, to membrane and sub‐membrane fractions of human B lymphocyte derived lymphoid lines. Antisera to a protein subfraction were, after only minimal absorption, specific for human peripheral B lymphocytes, monocytes and B cell derived lymphoid lines. The antigen(s) recognised by these antisera were not the same as the previously described B‐cell markers; immunoglobulin, Fc receptor, complement receptor and Ia antigens. The antigen(s) could not be removed from cells by lysostrip with anti‐ β2 microglobulin.
No Indication of Postnatal Selection at the HL‐A Loci*
Authors: Bender K. , Mayerová A. , Klotzbücher B. , Burckhardt K. , Hiller Ch.
Published: July 2010

When the HL‐A allele frequency and the distribution of 2, 3 and 4 different antigens, respectively, in children and old people were compared no differences could be observed between the two groups. The data thus disprove a simple model by which HL‐A heterozygosity should enhance surveillance.
Isoelectric Focusing of an Anti‐HL‐A2 Antiserum Cross‐Reacting with W28
Authors: Reisner E. G. , Su Chung K. S. , Folds J. D. , Amos D. B.
Published: July 2010

The cytotoxic activity of an anti‐HL‐A2 antiserum cross‐reactive with W28 appeared in three distinct peaks after the serum was subjected to isoelectric focusing. The pH at which the peaks formed was reproducible using pH 5–8 or pH 3.5–10 gradients. Anti‐HL‐A2 activity occurred in each peak, but the cross‐reactive anti‐W28 cytotoxicity appeared to be largely confined to the second and third peaks. The first peak was exclusively IgG, the second contained IgG and IgM, and the third contained IgG, IgA, and IgM.
Histocompatibility (HL‐A) Antigens and Primary Open‐Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Aviner Zvi , Henley Walter L. , Fotino Marilena , Leopold Irving H.
Published: July 2010

To assess the association between open‐angle glaucoma and HL‐A antigens, the frequencies of 25 HL‐A antigens were determined in 49 patients with OAG and 22 patients with increased intraocular pressure, due to causes other than OAG, using the microcytotoxicity method. The results were compared to 250 individuals from the general population who were tested in the same laboratory at the same period of time. Using rigid statistical analysis, the incidence of the Bw35 antigen was found to be significantly (≪0.012) higher among OAG patients. In a group of 27 first relatives of OAG patients who were tested at the same time, the frequency of Bw35 antigen was increased compared to the general population. The biological importance of the association between Bw35 and OAG, which may still be a chance deviation, is not yet fully understood. It may indicate that the Bw35 antigen or the HLA loci are among the genetic factors which produce susceptibility to open‐angle glaucoma.
HLA Antibodies and Period of Gestation: Decline in Frequency of Positive Sera during Last Trimester
Authors: Vives J. , Gelabert A. , Castillo R.
Published: July 2010

The incidence of cytotoxic antibodies in relation to the number of pregnancies and the different periods of gestation was analysed in sera from 2,686 pregnant women.

In all groups, except among women pregnant more than five times, a significant decline in the incidence of active sera occurred during the last trimester of gestation.
Typing for HLA‐D Determinants. Comparison of Typing Results using Homozygous Stimulating Cells and Primed Cultures
Authors: Hirschberg Henry , Kaakinen Aulikki , Thorsby Erik
Published: July 2010

Typing for HLA‐D determinants, using primed lymphocyte typing (PLT), has been compared to the results obtained using conventional homozygous stimulating cell primary MLC tests. The HLA‐Dw1, ‐Dw2 and ‐Dw3 specificities were studied. Preliminary results indicate that these two methods essentially type for the HLA‐D determinants and that reproducible results can be obtained employing the PLT technique after 24 hours of incubation in the secondary cultures.
Histocompatibility (HLA) Antigens and Diabetic Microangiopathy*
Authors: Barbosa J. , Noreen H. , Emme L. , Goetz F. , Simmons R. , DeLeiva A. , Najarian J. , Yunis E.J.
Published: July 2010

To gain further insight into the genetic determinants of diabetic small vessel disease, we studied 22 HLA antigens in 110 juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetics with terminal glomerulosclerosis and retinopathy, who were being prepared for kidney transplant. HLA antigens were contemporarily determined in non‐diabetic kidney transplant recipients and healthy controls. The frequency of antigens A1 and B8 were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls (P < .02 and .011), but the frequency of BW15 was normal. The data are compatible with the concept that juvenile diabetes with microangiopathy is one of the HLA‐B8 associated disorders.
HLA Antigen (A & B Loci) Frequency in Addisonian Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Horton M.A. , Oliver R.T.D.
Published: July 2010

Sixty‐six patients with Addisonian pernicious anaemia have been HLA typed and compared with 86 controls of the same ethnic group. No deviation in antigen frequency was found to be specific for the disease group as a whole. The most significant deviation found was an increased frequency of HLA‐B8 in those patients with coincident thyroid autoantibodies. Pernicious anaemia seems to be the exception to the demonstrated association between HLA‐B8 and the organ specific autoimmune diseases studied up to the present time.
HLA CW3 in Thyrotoxicosis Patients with and without Endocrine Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Mayr W. R. , Ludwig H. , Schernthaner G. , Höfer R.
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐four thyrotoxic patients (23 with and 31 without endocrine ophthalmopathy EOP) were HLA typed for A, B and C locus antigens.

The frequency of the third locus antigen CW3 was found to be significantly increased in patients with EOP compared with those thyrotoxic patients without EOP. These findings point to a possible genetic heterogeneity in thyrotoxic patients with or without EOP.

HLA B8 was observed in only 10 of the 54 patients studied, which is not in accordance with the previously reported statistically significant increased frequency of this B locus antigen in thyrotoxic patients.
Linkage of the Pig Main Histocompatibility Complex and the J Blood Group System
Authors: Hruban V. , Simon M. , Hradecký J. , Jílek F.
Published: July 2010

Linkage of the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the J blood group locus was demonstrated in pigs by means of segregation data in families of double back‐cross matings. A recombination frequency of 9.82% was estimated. No evidence of close association with the blood group systems A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N and O was found.
Development of Specific Nonreactivity in Human Cadaveric Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Sengar D.P.S. , Rashid A. , Harris J.E.
Published: July 2010

The development of specific nonreactivity and mixed leukocyte culture blocking factor activity (MLC‐BFA) was serially studied in three cadaveric renal allograft recipients. All patients developed hypo and/or nonreactivity in the MLC reaction to the specific donor but not to an indifferent donor. Specific hypo and/or nonreactivity observed in the MLC reaction was independent of recipient's response to PHA which remained normal. Broad reacting MLC‐BFA declined and subsequently disappeared after the state of specific nonreactivity was achieved. Several allograft rejection crises occurred during the active stage, but these crises subsided once the nonreactivity was achieved.
Cell Mediated Lympholysis in Man. The Impact of HLA‐C Antigens
Authors: Grunnet Niels , Kristensen Tom , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen Flemming
Published: July 2010

From a population of individuals, all HLA‐A, B, and C tissue typed in relation to the Sixth International Histocompatibility Workshop, an experimental investigation has been performed to study the influence of the HLA‐Cw1, w2, w3, w4, and w5 antigens in the Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML) test.

The average cytolysis obtained due to allogenic attack of one HLA‐C antigen equals 12.6%, but like the HLA‐A and B antigens, HLA‐C antigens exhibit differences with regard to sensitizing and target potential. This indicates either a heterogeneity of these antigens or the existence of separate CML determinants.

It is concluded that the HLA‐C antigens may account for the cytolysis observed in some of the combinations exhibiting cytolysis which cannot be explained by the HLA‐A and B antigens.
Statistics in Cellular Typing
Authors: Franks D. , Bradley B. A.
Published: July 2010

A primary procedure for analyzing data obtained from cellular typing experiments is described. The procedure is exemplified by data obtained from primed lymphocyte testing. The data are given in sufficient detail so that the reader may, if he wishes, work through a complete analysis.
Stimulation of T Lymphocytes by Autologous non‐T Lymphoid Cells. Participation of HLA‐D?
Authors: Bergholtz Bjørn , Albrechtsen Dagfinn , Thorsby Erik
Published: July 2010

Non‐T lymphoid cells were found to be able to stimulate autologous T cells in vitro. This “autologous” response was shown to be about 20% of the response to allogeneic unfractionated lymphocytes. The ability to induce autostimulation appeared to be a property of the Ig‐positive lymphocyte fraction. Blocking experiments with allosera recognizing HLA‐D‐associated determinants suggested that the HLA‐D determinants present on the stimulating cells might be involved in the stimulation of autologous T cells.
An Examination of HLA Frequencies in Three Age Groups
Authors: Hansen Hanna E. , Spärck Jørgen V. , Larsen S. Olesen
Published: July 2010

The question as to whether the distribution of HLA antigens differs between old and young persons has been studied only in a few population groups. There are observations showing an increase of heterozygosity of the HLA system (Bender et al. 1973, Gerkins et al. 1974) which indicate an advantage of heterozygosity for survival, but other studies fail to confirm this finding (Albert et al. 1974, Mucurová et al. 1975, Bender et al. 1976). Since the present authors, in a study of HLA gene frequencies on five small Danish islands (Hansen et al. 1974) had found a tendency to a changed frequency of certain HLA types among the oldest persons, it was decided to examine this question by typing larger numbers of persons of different age groups.
Polio Antibodies and HLA Antigens in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Jokelainen Matti , Tiilikainen Anja , Lapinleimu Kaisa
Published: July 2010

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive disease of the central nervous system. Its possible association with poliomyelitis was studied by measuring neutralizing antibodies against polio virus types 1, 2 and 3 in the sera and cerebrospinal fluids of 11 ALS‐patients, but antibody titers did not markedly differ from those of the controls. The HLA antigens of 12 ALS patients were also determined, in order to reveal any possible genetically‐determined susceptibility to the disease. Possible association of ALS with HLA‐Bw40 was noted. In addition, the Bw40 antigen seemed to be associated with milder progression of the disease. The lymphocytes of the ALS patients seemed defective in their capacity to stimulate allogenic lymphocytes, possibly due to a relative decrease of B cells in the peripheral blood. Joint efforts of study groups of neuroepidemiology, immunology and genetics should be mobilized to reveal the true nature of these findings.
Two‐Chain Subunit Structure of HLA‐D Antigens
Authors: Billing R. , Safani M. , Lesch J.
Published: July 2010

Both F(ab′)2 fragments and intact antibody from rabbit anti‐B‐cell antisera were shown to specifically block the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction. The antisera, which were raised to papain‐solubilized spleen cell membrane antigens, appeared to block the stimulator cell and not the responder cell. Specificity of the blocking was shown in that antisera to beta2 micro‐globulin would not block the MLC‐stimulating cell. Membrane antigens from acute lymphocytic leukemia cells were labeled with 125I, solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and immuno‐precipitated with either human or rabbit anti‐B‐cell antisera. Both sources of antisera precipitated polypeptide subunits of 27,000 and 35,000 daltons.
Association between HLA‐B7 and Allergic Reactions to Insulin in Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bertrams J. , Grüneklee D.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐four cases of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus with cutaneous allergic reactions to insulin were typed for HLA‐A and ‐B antigens. HLA‐B7, which commonly is negatively associated with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, showed a positive association with insulin allergy. A second antigen, HLA‐Bw21 may also be positively associated with local insulin allergy. These data were discussed in relation to heterogeneity of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and to the existence of B7‐associated immune response genes for allergic immunoreactivity to insulin.
HLA Frequencies in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Säfwenberg J. , Kollberg H. , Lindblom J. B.
Published: July 2010

Thirty‐three patients with Cystic Fibrosis were HLA typed. Relative risk values and phenotype frequencies were calculated. No statistically significant differences in the HLA antigen distribution were found among the patients with Cystic Fibrosis.
Histocompatibility Determinants in Israeli Jewish Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Brautbar Chaim , Cohen Isac , Kahana Esther , Alter Milton , Jørgensen Fritz , Lamm Lars
Published: July 2010

The distribution of 24 HLA antigens of the A and B loci was investigated in 197 Israeli Jewish patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from various Jewish ethnic origins including central and eastern Europe, countries bordering the Mediterranean, the Middle East and from native‐born Israelis. The results were compared with the HLA antigen frequencies in a control sample of 455 unrelated individuals representing the general Jewish population.

The frequency of HLA—Bw40 among all MS patients (15%) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than among the controls (7%). In contrast to the findings in MS patients from other populations, there was no increased frequency of A3 and B7 and Dw2 was present in only one out of 28 patients. The study showed a similar distribution of HLA‐A and ‐B locus antigens, especially of Bw40, in Jews of diverse ethnic origins represented in the control group.