bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficient Identification of Meandering and other Low-Frequency Phenomena in Raw Ultrasonic Anemometer Data
Authors: Favaron Patrizia , Zintu Simone , Morosini Cristiana
Published: June 2024

This short conference paper shows a new experimental method for the detection and identification of meandering and other low-frequency components in raw data from three-axial ultrasonic anemometers and other high resolution, high sampling-rate three-dimensional wind sensors.
The proposed method is a combination of autocorrelation-based detection and delay-free recursive filtering, both described in recent published works.
The results of the application of the described method to a sample of hourly raw data files are also shown.
The method can be used as a building block for eddy covariance and other data processing procedures as well as in all the situations where very short time scales (about 10s) are relevant, such as in odour or toxic chemical dispersion field.
Sustainable poultry practices: Integrating green light interventions for improved breeding and behaviour
Authors: Hayat Khwar , Zheng Rongjin , Wang Tao , Zeng Li , Ye Zunzhong , Pan Jinming
Published: June 2024

Background
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of light emitting diode (LED) green light alone or in combination with melatonin on behaviour related hormones regulation during incubation under normal and under hormonal stress conditions in breeder eggs. This study divided into 2 experiments: In the first experiment LED green light effect on different hormone during incubation under normal condition, on Hy-line brown (low aggressive phenotype) and Roman pink (high aggressive phenotype) were tested. Total 296 eggs of each strain divided into two groups: LED green light incubation and dark incubation (control), each containing four replicates (37 eggs/replicate). Second experiment conducted to detect LED green light effect alone or in combination with melatonin during incubation under hormonal stress conditions. Total 704 eggs of Roman pink were taken and divided into four groups, each consisting of 176 eggs. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups, LED green light-regulated incubation and dark incubation with 88 eggs per subgroup having 4 replicates of 22 eggs each. The groups were as follows: corticosterone solution injection (CI), corticosterone + melatonin mixed solution injection (CMI), Phosphate buffer solution injection (PI), and no injection (UI).
Results
Results from the first experiment revealed the higher level of serotonin hormone (related to calmness of behaviour) and lower of corticosterone hormone (related to aggressive behaviour) in Hy-Line brown embryos compares to those of Roman pink embryos during dark incubation. The LED green light incubation significantly increased the level of 5-HT while decreasing the CORT level in Roman pink embryos indicating its regulatory effect on behaviour related hormones. Results of the second experiments showed that LED green light incubation alleviated the CORT-induced hyperactivity of plasma 5-HT in Roman pink embryos. Furthermore, Melatonin (MLT) injection and LED green light together reduced the hormonal stress caused by corticosterone injection in the eggs.
Conclusions
Overall, the LED green light regulatory incubation demonstrated a regulatory effect on hormones related to behaviour. Additionally, when coupled with MLT injection, it synergistically mitigated hormonal stress in the embryos. So, LED green light incubation emerged as novel sustainable system to reduce the aggressive behviour and improve the productivity of the poultry birds.
WITHDRAWN: Lateral resistance of sheathing-to-framing nailed joints in laminated bamboo lumber shear wall sheathed with OSB panel
Authors: Wang Chang , Chen Guo , Zhu Wenli , Zhang Enhao , Wu Jing
Published: June 2024

The shear strength and stiffness of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) shear walls are highly dependent on the performance of their individual nailed joints. This study presents lateral-loading test results of single-connector oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing-to-LBL framing nailed joints under monotonic loading. A series of specimens were tested, considering the variables of nail diameter (d), OSB panel end distance (a), LBL stud end distance (b), and loading direction. It was found that the failure mode is closely related to the end distance and loading direction. For specimens with a or b less than 15 mm, premature OSB end tearing or LBL shear failure was observed. As expected, the load-carrying capacity increases as nail diameter increases, specimens loaded parallel to grain exhibited increases in capacity compared to specimens loaded perpendicularly. Comparison with previous studies reveals that the capacity of single-connector OSB sheathing on LBL framing exceeds that reported in the literature for OSB sheathing on wood framing with nails. When contrasting existing standards with experimentally determined capacities of nailed joints, it is apparent that Eurocode 5 accurately predicts the capacity of connections. The modified Foschi model that better predicts the monotonic response of sheathing-to-framing nailed joints is proposed.
A cholesterol-coupled N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate metabolic network facilitates the neuroprotective impact of estradiol in neurons
Authors: Chow Kim , SUN Jacquelyne , Wu Deng , Peng Amy Zexuan , Wong Genper Chi-Ngai , Hart Ronald , Herrup Karl
Published: June 2024

Sex differences have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the intrinsic cellular changes underlying the enhanced disease vulnerability observed in postmenopausal women remain elusive. We demonstrate that sustained loss of peripheral estradiol is correlated with accelerated cognitive and memory decline. The resulting brain transcriptomic and metabolomic changes suggest the impairment of ERRα. Estradiol supports ERRα activity via its actions on neuronal cholesterol homeostasis. Consequently, this prevents truncation of the TCA cycle at succinate dehydrogenase, which would otherwise cause a net catabolic shift of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), driven by an adaptive aspartate-dependent response that attempts to reconstruct a “mini-cycle”. The free glutamate released alongside the net catabolism of NAAG is stochastically released presynaptically, thereby increasing spontaneous neuronal activities. Coupled with the bioenergetic incompetency that occurs during estradiol-loss, this slowly depletes cellular ATP and increases susceptibility to energy crises triggered by additional excitatory insults, ultimately contributing to the female-biased vulnerability to AD.
The mechanism of moisture transport and mechanical model of ultra- thin fiberboard
Authors: Yang Chunmei , Wang Tingting , Tian Xinchi , Yan Jie , Xue Bo , Qu Wen
Published: June 2024

As a new type of green and low-carbon biomass composite material, ultra-thin fiberboard has received great attention in the market. However, due to the complexity of the hot pressing process, it's not easy to quantitatively analyze the influence of hot pressing parameters on the properties of ultra-thin fiberboard. This study investigated the relationship between the temperature and time of hot pressing and the physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard through the mechanism of moisture transfer. A mathematical model for temperature, time, and moisture content was established, as well as a neural network prediction model for the influence of moisture content on the physical and mechanical properties of the board. An ultra-thin fiberboard heat and mass transfer model was built by researching the heat and moisture transport mechanism. Fluent software simulation was used to determine the moisture content of the boards under the matching hot pressing process. This study helps to optimize the hot pressing process and improve the product quality and production efficiency of ultra-thin fiberboard.
Identification of high-affinity secondary nucleation inhibitors of Aβ42 aggregation from an ultra-large chemical library using Deep Docking
Authors: Vendruscolo Michele , Brezinova Michaela , Brotzakis Z. Faidon , Horne Robert , Chowdhury Vaidehi Roy , Gregory Rebecca , Gentile Francesco
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the aggregation of the Aβ peptide into amyloid fibrils. According to the amyloid hypothesis, targeting pharmacologically Aβ aggregation could result in disease-modifying treatments. The identification of inhibitors of Aβ aggregation, however, is complicated by complex technical challenges, which typically restrict to tens of thousands the number of compounds that can be screened in experimental aggregation assays. Here, we report a computational route to increase by 4 orders of magnitude the number of screenable compounds. We achieve this result by developing an open source pipeline version of the Deep Docking protocol, and illustrate its application to the discovery of secondary nucleation inhibitors of Aβ aggregation from an ultra-large chemical library of over 539 million compounds. The pipeline was used to prioritize 35 candidate compounds for in vitro testing in Aβ aggregation assays. We found that 19 of these compounds inhibit Aβ aggregation (54% hit rate). The two most potent compounds showed potency better than adapalene, a previously reported potent inhibitor of Aβ aggregation. Consistent with the intended mechanism of action, these two compounds also proved to be high-affinity binders of Aβ fibrils with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the low nanomolar range in surface plasmon resonance experiments. These results provide evidence that structure-based docking methods based on deep learning represent a cost-effective and rapid strategy to identify potent hits for drug development targeting protein misfolding diseases.
Therapeutic Potential of Combretum Mossambicense Extracts Against P. Falciparum Parasite
Authors: Chikambwe Viness Malumbe , Mubambe Patrick , Maseka Kakoma , Banda Lameck
Published: June 2024

With the increase in the resistance of P. falciparum (the deadliest malaria-causing Plasmodium) to antimalarial alkaloid-based drugs, there is intense research on new drugs that can combat malaria. Plants provide an unlimited source of bioactive compounds that can be used to treat various diseases. In addition, plant host endophytes such as bacteria and fungi are regarded as ideal sources of bioactive constituents. The Combretum Mossambicense plant is a medicinal plant traditionally used as an effective herbal remedy for malaria treatment. However, very little research has been conducted to investigate the phytochemical composition of this plant. In this study, the phytochemistry of the extracts of this plant was investigated and referenced to the chemistry of the commercial drugs used to treat malaria. The results showed that Combretum mossambicense extracts contained alkaloids. However, the alkaloids found in the plant extracts are not directly linked to those reported for the treatment of malaria. A literature review of other compounds found in the plant showed that other non-alkaloid compounds had a positive effect on P. falciparum. According to literature, antimicrobial compounds can be used to treat malaria. The profiles of all plant parts revealed the presence of numerous compounds with reported biological importance, including antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, some of these samples contained compounds similar to those reported for conventional non-alkaloid antimalarial drugs. It has been shown that Combretum mossambicense contains non-alkaloid but anti-plasmodial compounds such as 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (linoleic acid), 17octadecynoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and beta-sitosterol. These compounds are present as modern non-alkaloid-based antimalarial drugs that fight P. falciparum resistance. Given the reported increase in the resistance of P. falciparum to alkaloid-based anti-malaria drugs, the efficacy of this non-alkaloid herbal remedy for malaria treatment is important.
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Krolevets T. S. , Livzan M. A. , Syrovenko M. I.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Nowadays, a multifactorial model of the pathogenesis of NAFLD is recognized. It is interesting to study the contribution of changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in the development of the disease.

Aim. To evaluate the contribution of research into the qualitative composition of the intestinal microbiota in relation to the risk of progression of NAFLD to reduce the loss of health- saving potential of the population.

Materials and methods. An open comparative study of 83 mature-aged patients (56.6 years (46–63)) suffering from NAFLD was conducted. The levels of insulin, leptin, its receptor, adiponectin in blood serum, zonulin in feces were studied, and SCFA in feces

was determined. The analysis was carried out depending on the phenotypes of NAFLD: the degree of steatosis (1 – 40 patients, degree 2 – 18 and degree 3 – 25), the presence of NASH (43 patients), the presence of fibrosis (fibrosis was found in 35 patients). The degree of steatosis and fibrosis was assessed using elastometry. The results of the study were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel, STATISTICA 12.0 software package.

Results. In patients with NAFLD, the absolute number of all SCFA in the feces was reduced. The anaerobic index was deviated towards sharply negative values (-0,711 (-0,576-(-0,830)). A high level of propionic acid was noted among the patients with fibrosis (p < 0.05). Anaerobic index, relative content of isoC4 + isoC5 + isoC6, relative content of butyric acid had a positive relationship with the St-index (rs = 0.254, rs = 0.269, rs = 0.240, p≤ 0.05). An increase in the relative amount of propionic acid was statistically significantly associated with a decrease of FLI (rs = -0.229, p ≤0.05). A positive correlation was found between the level of insulin and the absolute amount of butyric acid C4 (rs = 0.228, p ≤ 0.05). There was an inverse relationship of the absolute and relative amounts of isoC4+ isoC5 + isoC6 and Iso Cn/Cn with zonulin in the feces (rs = -0.231, p ≤ 0.05, rs = -0.380, p ≤ 0.05 and rs = -0.332, p ≤ 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion. There is the anaerobic flora among the patients with NAFLD. Modification of the content of SCFA in feces may affect to the progression of NAFLD. The effect of SCFA on the development and progression of NAFLD may be mediated by the development of insulin and leptin resistance, as well as an integrity violation of the intestinal barrier.
Use of inhaled solution of hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid in patients with lower respiratory tract diseases
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Chikina S. Yu. , Kondrateva E. I. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Leshchenko I. V. , Ignatova G. L. , Antonov V. N. , Zaitsev A. A. , Merzhoeva Z. M. , Demko I. V. , Kudelya L. M. , Kinyaykin M. F. , Zulkarneev R. H. , Shulzhenko L. V. , Trofimenko I. N. , Zaikova-Khelimskaia I. V.
Published: June 2024

Resolution of the Council of Experts

November 17, 2023

Respiratory diseases (acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchial asthma, etc.) are often accompanied by impaired mucus clearance. In this regard, mucoactive drugs are most commonly used for the treatment. Hypertonic saline plus high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid is one of the affordable and effective agents that can help with thinning and removal of bronchial secretions. The effect of 3%, 6%, 7% hypertonic saline on the respiratory system is multifaceted: it stimulates the osmotic fluid flow, breaks bonds linking polymers in the sputum, reduces swelling in the mucous membranes, stimulates ciliary beat frequency, and reduces the neutrophilic inflammation severity. The molecular size of HA plays an important role in the effectiveness of inhalation therapy with hypertonic saline combined with hyaluronic acid (HA). External administration of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid inhibits neutrophil elastase and metalloproteinase, potentiates hydration of bronchial secretions and has anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to clinical studies, real-life clinical practice in patients with cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and acute bronchitis also demonstrated the effectiveness of hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The rationale for the use of hypertonic saline was reflected in the international GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) guidelines in 2023. Therefore, due to high interest in the hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid, it is important to expand the evidence base: to initiate a Russian multicenter study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of this combination in patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD in the Russian Federation. It will allow us to recommend hypertonic saline combined with high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid to be included in the Russian clinical guidelines on treatment of chronic bronchitis and COPD as a mucoactive drug.
Physicians’ knowledge and preferences regarding pharmacotherapy of pregnant women with respiratory tract infections: research PIKAP
Authors: Bontsevich R. A. , Ryabchikova A. A. , Balamutova T. I. , Tsygankova O. V. , Kompaniets O. G. , Ketova G. G. , Bogdanova V. O. , Batisheva G. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Martynenko I. M. , Chukhareva N. A. , Pakhomov S. P. , Maximov M. L.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The most common extragenital pathology during pregnancy includes upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI and LRTI), which, if left untreated, leading to obstetric and perinatal pathology. It is relevant to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies assessing the preferences of specialists regarding the treatment of pregnant women and attitudes towards vaccination in real clinical practice.

Aim. To analyze approaches to pharmacotherapy of URTI and LRTI in pregnant women, evaluate the compliance of prescribed drugs with current clinical recommendations and treatment standards.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 using an anonymous questionnaire method in seven regions of Russia.

Results and discussion. A total of 227 physicians from seven regions of Russia were surveyed, with 66.8% being internal medicine doctors and 33.2% obstetrician-gynecologists. This study revealed that physicians’ knowledge regarding the rational use of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) in pregnant women is insufficient. Respondents showed better results in the use of AMD in the treatment of pneumonia, with 78.7% of surveys indicating correct tactics. The worst results were observed in answering the question about the appropriateness of prescribing AMD for URTI, tracheitis, and bronchitis (40.3% to 67.7% of respondents made incorrect choices). Overall, 57.7% of respondents understand the importance of vaccination among pregnant women.

Conclusion. The results of the conducted study indicate that the choice of drugs for the therapy of URTI and LRTI, especially AMD, for outpatient treatment of pregnant women in some situations does not fully correspond to the current clinical recommendations in our country. Moreover, it is particularly concerning that some physicians prescribe drugs that are unsafe for pregnant women or lack the necessary evidence base or indications for use.
Silent hypoxemia – A specific sign of COVID-associated pneumonia?
Authors: Nekludova G. V. , Fan D. V. , Trushenko N. V. , Nuralieva G. S. , Berikkhanov Z. G. , Avdeev S. N.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of coronavirus infection. COVID-associated pneumonia is a disease characterized by a non-standard course and a number of clinical phenomena that complicate timely diagnosis and treatment.

Aim. To investigate the phenomenon of mute hypoxemia in COVID-associated pneumonia.

Materials and methods. The study included 214 patients who were divided into 2 groups. The study group included patients with confirmed COVID-associated pneumonia, and the control group included patients with interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis). The subjective condition of the patient, presence of concomitant pathology, high-resolution computed tomography data, arterial blood gas composition, and spirometry data were evaluated.

Results. In patients with COVID-associated pneumonia, “silent hypoxemia” was encountered 1.3 times more frequently than in patients with non-COVID-associated pneumonia. When comparing patients with silent hypoxemia and hypoxemia with dyspnea in COVID-associated pneumonia, statistically significantly higher values of PaCO2 and lower values of respiratory rate are observed. Such patterns are not detected in non-COVID-associated pneumonia. In patients with silent hypoxemia in non-COVID-associated pneumonia, the respiratory rate is statistically significantly higher compared to patients with COVID-associated pneumonia. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrates that in patients with non-COVID-associated pneumonia, silent hypoxemia is associated with BMI increase (OR = 1.380 (95% CI: 1.058–1.801); p = 0.017).

Conclusion. The phenomenon of “silent hypoxemia” may manifest not only in pulmonary impairments resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection but notably in COVID-associated pneumonia, where the absence of patient-reported dyspnea is substantiated by the lack of tachypnea. Owing to the subtleties of “silent hypoxemia”, clinical presentations may exhibit delays, diverting attention from significant pulmonary compromise, which could subsequently precipitate the failure of compensatory mechanisms.
Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with different degrees of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Lyubimova E. V. , Savlevich E. L. , Zurochka A. V. , Mitrofanova E. S. , Kurbacheva O. M.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) pathogenesis is based on inadequate local immune response, additional SARS-CoV-2 infection can alter CRSwNP pathological process.

Aim. To effect of COVID-19 on CRSwNP course in patients with different drug control degree.

Materials and methods. 99 patients with bilateral CRSwNP (48 men, 51 women, 58.37 ± 14.43 years), were divided into 3 groups based on CRSwNP medical control degree for 5 years [17]. Group 1 (n = 34) – patients with mild CRSwNP received treatment according to treatment algorithm stages I and II. Group 2 (n = 32) – moderate severity CRSwNP, therapy corresponded to algorithm stage II or III. Group 3 (n = 33) – patients with severe CRSwNP received stage IV treatment 1 or more times. All data about vaccination against coronavirus infection and confirmed COVID-19 episodes with an analysis of its severity were recorded,

Results. 63 people had COVID-19 (63.64%, 62.5 ± 13.1 years), of which 62.5% people were vaccinated before infection. COVID-19 was mild in 84.1% (54.70 ± 13.83 years), moderate COVID-19 – in 12.7% (63.1 ± 15.38 years), and severe – in 3.2% (age – 40 years). 36% people (62.5 ± 13.1 years) did not infected with coronavirus. In group 1 mild COVID-19 was observed in 35.29%, moderate severity – in 5.88%. In group 2 all patients who had COVID-19 (87.5%) had mild course. In group 3 39.39% patients had mild COVID-19, 18.18% had moderate COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 was observed in 2 people from this group.

Conclusions. COVID-19 was mild in most cases in CRSwNP patients. In 84.1% patients were treated as outpatients. CRSwNP patients had frequent swabs to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA due to complaints of hyposmia and raised coronavirus infection suspicion.
Community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients: topical issues of antibacterial therapy
Authors: Belotserkovskaya Yu. G. , Romanovskikh A. G. , Smirnov I. P.
Published: June 2024

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Successful treatment of patients with CAP is mainly determined by the correct choice of the place of treatment (outpatient or inpatient) and the correct initial empirical therapy, considering the predictable spectrum of potential pathogens of CAP. The article provides up-to-date data on the etiological structure of non-severe CAP. Most patients with CAP receive outpatient medical care, which is determined by their clinical status and a limited number of laboratory data for minimizing the risk of adverse outcomes in CAP. The absence of a microbiological diagnosis in a mild course of CAP does not lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of empirical antibacterial therapy in outpatient settings. The article highlights current clinical recommendations on the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy for CAP in outpatients. Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin, which, including in combination with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, is the most affordable and widely used penicillin in various countries. According to clinical recommendations, amoxicillin, including in combination with a β-lactamase inhibitor, is the drug of choice for the initial empirical therapy of most outpatients with CAP. The oral route is the most common and preferred for antibiotic delivery in mild CAP. Dispersible forms of tablets have certain advantages, including easier intake in patients with difficulty swallowing, such as the elderly, stroke patients, and children. The assessment of biological equivalence showed similar pharmacokinetic parameters of Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid in the form of dispersible tablets and in the original form of film-coated tablets.
Features of the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women at different age periods: literature review
Authors: Bulatova I. A. , Shevlyukova T. P.
Published: June 2024

The review examines the epidemiology and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for women. According to various sources, the global prevalence of NAFLD ranges from 20 to 40% of the adult population in the world. In Russia, 37.3% of polyclinic patients have NAFLD. NAFLD can occur at any age and has differences in prevalence and severity depending on ethnicity and gender. Over the past 10 years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the prevalence of NAFLD among women, as well as a sharper increase in mortality compared to men. Regardless of gender, prognostically significant risk factors for NAFLD include age, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia. The clinical course and prognosis of NAFLD in women depends on age, reproductive stage and use of synthetic hormones. Premenopausal women have less pronounced liver fibrosis and a better life prognosis compared to postmenopausal men and women. The article describes the features of the course of NAFLD in the reproductive period, pre- and postmenopausal period, characterizes the effect of liver steatosis on the course and outcome of pregnancy, the perinatal condition of the mother and fetus. Thus, there are gender differences in the prevalence, risk factors, fibrosis, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD. The prevalence and severity of NAFLD in reproductive age is higher in men, but after menopause, there is an increase in this pathology in women, especially those with metabolic disorders. Liver steatosis can affect the course of pregnancy, labor and postpartum periods.
Cough at the doctor’s office
Authors: Shakirova G. R. , Gizatullina E. D. , Burchagina A. S.
Published: June 2024

Сough is a common symptom that requires medical attention. The range of diseases in which cough occurs is quite large. These are not only patients with bronchopulmonary pathology, cough can also occur in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, taking medications and a number of other reasons. Cough has different developmental mechanisms and clinical characteristics. Treatment of cough should be primarily aimed at eliminating the cause of cough, the nosological form that triggered the development of this symptom. However, cough often requires a complex long-term diagnosis and personalized approach to therapy. Symptomatic treatment is often required before the cause of chronic cough is established and for patients with acute and subacute cough. When choosing symptomatic cough therapy, it is necessary to focus on a specific clinical situation and take a differentiated approach to the choice of medications. Combination medications are an effective symptomatic remedy in the treatment of cough, especially in situations where the patient has several symptoms at the same time (cough, viscous, difficult-to-separate sputum, bronchial obstruction). An example of such a combination are drugs that include bromhexine (mucolytic), guaifenesine (mucolytic/mucokinetic) and salbutamol (β2-adrenomimetic). The drugs have a synergistic effect, have an antitussive effect, improve mucociliary clearance, improve the rheological properties of bronchial secretions, reducing excessive bronchial tone, which leads to rapid cleansing of the bronchi from altered bronchial secretions and a decrease / cessation of coughing.
Prevalence and risk factors of functional abdominal disorders according to a survey study among young people
Authors: Zhestkova T. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The etiological aspects of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are not clear; the epidemiology of diseases in age groups and societies can help in understanding the starting causes of the pathology.

Aim. To assess the risk factors for the development and prevalence of abdominal symptoms characteristic of FD and IBS among active users of Internet communities.

Materials and methods. An anonymous online survey was conducted among medical university students. The questionnaire contains questions about complaints typical of FD and IBS over the past week, “alarm” symptoms, personal characteristics of the respondent and possible risk factors: smoking, family history, taking antibiotics, iron pills, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Results and discussion. The study included 983 respondents aged 18−26 years, 279 men and 704 women. Symptoms of unstudied regular (>1 time per week) postprandial dyspeptic disorders, bloating and abdominal pain were identified in 391 (39.8%) people, of which 29% were men and 44% were women (p < 0.001). Risk factors for regular unstudied disorders were having relatives with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (OR 2.05 [1.56, 2.70]); female gender (OR 1.92 [1.43, 2.59]); taking NSAIDs (OR 1.48 [1.14; 1.91]); for women – smoking (OR 2.24 [1.57; 3.18]). 6.5% of respondents met the criteria for FD, of which 23.4% had isolated epigastric pain, 26.6% had isolated postprandial distress syndrome, and 50% had combined FD. 2.5% of respondents met the criteria for IBS, 64% of whom had overlap syndrome with FD. The presence of FD was associated with NSAIDs use: r = 0.081; p = 0.011 (OR 1.95 [1.16; 3.30]).

Conclusions. The prevalence of FD and/or IBS among people aged 18−26 years is 7.4%, with no significant differences between men and women. Taking NSAIDs can be considered as a factor contributing to the development of FD.
Triple fixed drug combination in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Demko I. V. , Sobko E. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu.
Published: June 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the common respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, increased airway resistance and exacerbations. Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is aimed at reducing the severity of symptoms, preventing exacerbations and progression of the disease, which significantly affects the well-being of patients. Irregular administration of prescribed drugs, as well as incorrect inhalation technique affects the well-being of patients, worsens the quality of life, increases the risk of adverse outcome. Over the past few years, the possibilities of therapy have certainly expanded, primarily due to the emergence of new combination drugs containing 2 or 3 components in one inhaler. The use of a medicament containing all three components in a single delivery device contributes to improved adherence to treatment and reduces the possibility of errors in inhalation technique. Drugs with the possibility of single use per day improve the patient’s adherence to therapy. In our clinical case, a patient with severe COPD and eosinophilia > 300 cells/µL with the administration of a double fixed combination of bronchodilators during the year showed an improvement in the condition, but a high level of blood eosinophils and frequent exacerbations remained. A personalized approach to COPD therapy will reduce the number of exacerbations, slow down the decline in lung function, and improve the quality of life of patients. The triple combination provides an effective and convenient option for supportive treatment of COPD, primarily for those whose disease is not controlled by dual ICS/LABA or LABA/LABA therapy.
Age-related features of the choice of inhalers in chilren and adolescents with bronchial asthma and other respiratory diseases
Authors: Furman E. G. , Khuzina E. A.
Published: June 2024

The inhalation way of drug delivery seems to be the most logical for respiratory diseases. However, the most important condition for the effectiveness of inhalation therapy in children and adolescents along with the correct choice of the active substance is the selection of the optimal device and adequate execution of the inspiratory maneuver. When prescribing therapy attention should be paid to the inhalation technique of a particular patient and also take into account the likelihood of side effects when using certain devices. The article provides data on factors affecting the pulmonary deposit of the drug, the internal resistance of various inhalers which have the greatest informativeness for choosing a device along with the assessment of the inspiratory flow rate developed by the patient. The most problematic aspects of drug delivery to the respiratory tract in children under 5 years of age and in patients with inadequate inhalation rate are analyzed. The principles of correct inhalation are discussed which are necessary to obtain an optimal respiratory fraction. It is known that the problem of synchronizing inhalation with the moment of receipt of the drug is the most important when using metered – dose aerosol inhalers. In children this problem can be solved by using a spacer or using nebulizers that convert the liquid form of the drug into an aerosol using compressor air. Individual selection of an inhaler depending on the abilities and preferences of the patient in some groups of patients can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapy without increasing the dose of medications. The article presents up-to-date data on digital inhaler systems and the possibilities of using electronic devices for monitoring and using the inhaler.
The effect of levilimab on the clinical presentations and changes in inflammatory biomarkers in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19
Authors: Nizhenko T. N. , Shikh E. V. , Sizova Zh. M. , Drozdov V. N. , Lapidus N. I. , Pakhomova A. E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. It is now well known that a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop a pathological systemic inflammatory response with complications resulting in multiple organ failure. The severity and prognosis of the disease, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment provided should be assessed as early as possible. For this purpose, a number of laboratory markers are used, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, fibrinogen, ferritin, and changes in these parameters serve as a basis for the disease prognosis.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of levilimab in outpatients with COVID-19 based on the analysis of changes in laboratory markers of blood inflammatory activity.

Material and methods. A total of 120 patients with COVID-19 receiving standard therapy (ST) were included in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the treatment group of patients who received 2 injections of levilimab, IL-6 receptor blocker, included 47 men and 29 women (average age 46.7 years); the control group, who only received CT, included 21 men and 23 women (average age 46.3 ± 2 years).

Results. The treatment group demonstrated a faster normalization of laboratory markers of inflammatory activity. After 14 days of follow-up, the CRP levels in the treatment group decreased significantly by 18.9 (67%) (p < 0.05), and in the control group by 14.3 (46.9%) (p < 0.05). The IL-6 level significantly decreased in patients of the control group, but did not change in the levilimab group. The changes in fibrinogen levels showed that the group of patients, who received levilimab, had a significant decrease in fibrinogen by 35% from baseline (p < 0.05), in contrast to the control group, in which fibrinogen levels virtually did not change (3.8% decrease) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Levilimab therapy carried out at onset of coronavirus infection results in a faster normalization of laboratory markers of inflammatory activity and helps prevent the severe course of COVID-19.
Clinical case of indacaterol / glycopyrronium bromide prescription in a patient with severe copd and concomitant pathology
Authors: Ignatova G. I. , Antonov V. N. , Zakharova I. A.
Published: June 2024

Combinations of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IHGC) and long-acting bronchodilator inhalers (LABA inhalers) have been widely used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over the past two decades. Prescription of these drugs was based on large studies showing that this therapeutic regimen was more effective compared to placebo and monotherapy. The article presents a clinical case report of a patient with severe course of COPD and coronary heart disease (CHD). Up-to-date concepts of using dual bronchodilator therapy when switching from combinations of inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilator inhalers (IHGC/LABA) is discussed. A patient with COPD and coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation while using IHGC/LABA had progressive respiratory failure, frequent exacerbations, and acute symptomatology. As there is evidence that the use of IHGC/LABA has a number of limitations in the combined course of COPD and cardiovascular diseases, first of all in coronary artery disease and arrhythmias, it was recommended to replace therapy with a combination of dual bronchodilators – a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β agonist (LABA). The therapy resulted in stabilization of the condition, reduction of clinical symptoms, and absence of cardiovascular complications. It has been concluded that the dual bronchodilator therapy with a combination of glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol is prioritized in COPD, including COPD combined with cardiovascular pathology; no increase in cardiovascular events in patients with COPD combined with coronary artery disease is observed; Breezhaler inhaler is user-friendly for the patients and has advantages over other delivery devices.
Acute alcoholic hepatitis – the role of modern hepatoprotectors
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Skvortsova E. M. , Kolomytsev V. V. , Goryunova L. V.
Published: June 2024

Alcoholic hepatitis is a progressive inflammatory-dystrophic lesion of the liver, the pathogenetic mechanism of which is based on alcoholic damage. Acute alcoholic hepatitis is defined primarily as an exacerbation of the chronic process of alcoholic liver disease. Two mechanisms are defined as the basis for the formation of alcohol-associated liver damage: primary (direct effect of ethanol on hepatocytes and oxidative stress provoked by it) and secondary (through changes in the gut-liver axis with dysbacteriosis and increased permeability of the intestinal wall). For the treatment of acute alcoholic hepatitis, mainly glucocorticosteroids are used, the action of which is directed at cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease. Also, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, broad-spectrum antibiotics (rifaximin), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enterosorbents and hepatoprotectors are actively used. Choosing a hepatoprotector that is effective and safe for patients is still a challenge. At the moment one of the most promising and optimal in terms of “price-quality” ratio drug from this group is a domestic drug from the group of combined hepatoprotectors – Remaxol (inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid). A clinical case of application of this drug in a patient diagnosed with acute alcoholic hepatitis combined with chronic alcoholic hepatopathy is presented. Not severe course (MELD: 16. Maddrey’s index: 14.04). Ademetionine was prescribed. On the background of the prescribed treatment slight improvements were noted, no significant changes in laboratory data were registered (MELD: 16, Maddrey index: 12.54). After replacement of the hepatoprotector by Remaxol, the following was observed: correction of the general condition, correction of the mental status, reduction of the severity of hepatosplenomegaly, normalization of laboratory parameters (MELD: 10. Maddrey’s index: 6.06). Based on the review of Russian and foreign literature, as well as personal experience in the use of Remaxol, we can conclude that this pharmacological agent contributes to a more favorable course of acute alcoholic hepatitis, a significant reduction in the risk of complications, as well as reducing the length of hospital stay and the cost of treatment.
Effect of Fat Components on Functional Properties of Heat-Treated Cheeses
Authors: Sviridenko Galina , Shishkina Anastasiya , Kalabushkin Vasiliy , Uskova Evgeniya
Published: June 2024

The research featured the effect of fatty components on the sensory, physicochemical, structural, and mechanical indicators and functional properties of milk-containing products subjected to heat-treated cheese technology. Butter with a fat mass fraction of 72.5 % and a milk fat substitute served as fat components while rennet casein and modified starch were the protein-carbohydrate base. The list of variables included the mass fraction of fat in solids, the concentration of emulsifying salt, and humidity. The aspects tested included taste, smell, consistency, active acidity, and penetration tension. The functional properties were assessed using the pizza cheese rating scale developed at the Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking. The tests revealed no differences in the effect of milk fat and milk fat substitute on the physicochemical, structural, mechanical, and functional properties and texture. The samples with milk fat substitute had a specific taste while the samples with butter possessed a weak creamy taste. Fat components improved the uniformity of milk-containing products produced by the heat-treated cheese method. As the mass fraction of fat increased, the penetration tension went down. Fats, regardless of their origin, had a positive effect on the gradability, meltability, and extensibility while reducing the number of blisters. If taken at maximum values, the variables led to poor texture, functional properties, and penetration stress. The best combination for heat-treated products included fats of milk origin and 2 % emulsifying salt. The finished product had 50 % moisture mass fraction and 35 % fat in solids.
Prediction of the river water environment carrying capacity using LSTM networks
Authors: Bui Long Ta , Tran Diem L. T. H. , Nguyen Dan Phuoc
Published: June 2024

River basins receive wastewater from socio-economic activities. In such a context, a comprehensive assessment and forecast of load-bearing capacity needs to be developed. This capacity depends on many complex factors, such as hydrology, hydraulics, and environment, leading to applying a modelling approach. This study aims to propose a hybrid modelling approach to evaluate and predict the river water environmental capacity (RWEC) in a basin. Big data technology with Python is applied to process modelling results and RWEC forecasts. The long short-term memory (LSTM) model predicts RWEC on each reach of the river channel network. The {RWECP, i, P = Nitrate, BOD, Phosphate, i = hourly} data set and related factors form a time series of data used for the LSTM forecasting model. Forecast results are evaluated through the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results show that the average level over all 24 reaches for 7 forecast days: RMSENitrate = 22.16 (kg/day), RMSEBOD = 38.92 (kg/day), and RMSEPhosphate = 0.79 (kg/day). This is an acceptable result for a complex system and 7-day forecast. The results of the study help significantly with pollution control.
Problem of Animal Rights in Selected Works by Dorota Probucka
Authors: Glensk Joanna
Published: June 2024

This article presents the idea of animal rights as perceived by a Polish philosopher and ethicist, Dorota Probucka. It is divided into three sections that delve into the development and significance of animal rights from the perspectives of both proponents and critics of the idea. The first section provides an overview of the turning points in the history and evolution of animal rights, referring to the main thinkers who had the fundamental impact on their development. The second part defines the concept of animal rights and explains why extending fundamental rights to at least some non-human beings is important from both moral and legal perspectives. The third part compares the arguments of the proponents and opponents of the idea of granting basic rights to animals. The philosophers’ positions presented by Probucka prove that beings capable of suffering, regardless of their intellectual abilities, deserve moral consideration. This stance is supported by numerous arguments from various fields of science, demonstrating the degree of awareness and emotional complexity of animals. These arguments should contribute to the recognition of animal rights within a moral and legal context. The article also emphasizes the need for legal reforms, including the need to introduce formal legal structures, such as the appointment of the so-called Animal Rights Ombudsman, who could represent animals at an institutional level. Considering the growing bioethical and biocentric awareness, the article emphasizes the need to redefine our attitude towards animals. It also postulates the necessity of implementing legal reforms that will make animals full participants of the moral community, which is of key importance for the future of both people and animals on our planet.