bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A WS2 nanosheet-based platform for fluorescent DNA detection via PNA–DNA hybridization
Authors: Wang Shuting , Zhang Yulin , Ning Yong , Zhang Guo-Jun
Published: November 2014

A novel fluorescent DNA detection method is developed based on WS2 nanosheet and PNA–DNA hybridization.
Spectrofluorometric determination of venlafaxine in biological samples after selective extraction on the superparamagnetic surface molecularly imprinted nanoparticles
Authors: Madrakian Tayyebeh , Haryani Reza , Ahmadi Mazaher , Afkhami Abbas
Published: November 2014

This paper reports on a procedure for selective extraction of the venlafaxine (VEN) drug from biological samples before its sensitive spectrofluorometric determination.
Studying localized corrosion using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Chee See Wee , Pratt Sarah H. , Hattar Khalid , Duquette David , Ross Frances M. , Hull Robert
Published: November 2014

Localized corrosion of Cu and Al thin films exposed to aqueous NaCl solutions was studied using liquid cell TEM. We demonstrate that potentiostatic control can be used to initiate pitting and that local compositional changes, due to FIB implantation of Au+ions, can modify the corrosion susceptibility of Al films.
Evidence for the interaction between tBuOK and 1,10-phenanthroline to form the 1,10-phenanthroline radical anion: a key step for the activation of aryl bromides by electron transfer
Authors: Yi Hong , Jutand Anny , Lei Aiwen
Published: November 2014

Electron paramagnetic resonance and electrochemistry are utilized to the interaction between 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) and KOtBu to form the radical anion Phen˙−via an inner-sphere electron transfer. An aryl radical is then formed from aryl bromide via outer-sphere electron transfer from Phen˙−.
Long-term thiol monitoring in living cells using bioorthogonal chemistry
Authors: Rong Lei , Zhang Chi , Lei Qi , Sun Hua-Ling , Qin Si-Yong , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: November 2014

A bioorthogonal chemistry based fluorescent probe is reported, which is capable of monitoring intracellular thiols in living cells on a 36 hour timescale with an obvious blue-to-green fluorescence change.
Characterization of ion-irradiated poly-l-lactic acid using nano-cutting
Authors: Saito F. , Yotoriyama T. , Nishiyama I. , Suzuki Y. , Goto A. , Nagashima Y. , Hyodo T.
Published: November 2014

Effects of irradiation of 150 keV He+ ions on the mechanical strength of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) were studied.
The roughness of the protein energy landscape results in anomalous diffusion of the polypeptide backbone
Authors: Volk Martin , Milanesi Lilia , Waltho Jonathan P. , Hunter Christopher A. , Beddard Godfrey S.
Published: November 2014

Recombination of photolysed protein disulfide bonds confirms subdiffusional backbone motion and measures the roughness of the protein's energy landscape.
Analysis of solvent induced porous PMMA–Bioglass monoliths by the phase separation method – mechanical and in vitro biocompatible studies
Authors: Durgalakshmi D. , Balakumar S.
Published: November 2014

Bone microstructure and its mechanical properties are mimicked by PMMA–Bioglass monoliths fabricated by the phase separation method.
Oxidation behavior of P3HT layers on bare and TiO2-covered ZnO ripple structures evaluated by photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Dae Han , Jeong Myung-Geun , Seo Hyun Ook , Kim Young Dok
Published: November 2014

The oxidation mechanism of P3HT and the relationship between P3HT oxidation and electronic properties of a substrate were studied under humid air and visible light illumination using photoelectron spectroscopy.
A novel two-dimensional MgB6 crystal: metal-layer stabilized boron kagome lattice
Authors: Xie Sheng-Yi , Li Xian-Bin , Tian Wei Quan , Chen Nian-Ke , Wang Yeliang , Zhang Shengbai , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: November 2014

Based on first-principles calculations, we designed for the first time a boron-kagome-based two-dimensional MgB6 crystal, in which two boron kagome layers sandwich a triangular magnesium layer.
A DFT approach to the charge transport related properties in columnar stacked π-conjugated N-heterocycle cores including electron donor and acceptor units
Authors: Navarro Amparo , Fernández-Liencres M. Paz , García Gregorio , Granadino-Roldán José M. , Fernández-Gómez Manuel
Published: November 2014

Theoretical design of new, ambipolar DLC donor–acceptor systems based on tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazine cores.
Fullerene cyanation does not always increase electron affinity: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Clikeman Tyler T. , Deng Shihu H. M. , Popov Alexey A. , Wang Xue-Bin , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V.
Published: November 2014

The electron affinities of C70 derivatives with trifluoromethyl, methyl and cyano groups were studied experimentally and theoretically using low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy (LT PES) and density functional theory (DFT).
Electronic structure and spectra of (Cu2O)n–H2O complexes
Authors: Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula , Whitten Jerry
Published: November 2014

(Cu2O)n clusters form nanobarrels with a square mesh surface structure. Low-lying charge-transfer electronic excited states of (Cu2O)n–H2O are determined.
Formation of 2- and 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene isomers via the crossed beam reactions of phenyl radicals (C6H5) with isoprene (CH2C(CH3)CHCH2) and 1,3-pentadiene (CH2CHCHCHCH3)
Authors: Yang Tao , Muzangwa Lloyd , Parker Dorian S. N. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Mebel Alexander M.
Published: November 2014

Crossed molecular beam reactions were exploited to elucidate the chemical dynamics of the reactions of phenyl radicals with isoprene and with 1,3-pentadiene at a collision energy of 55 ± 4 kJ mol−1.
Oxidovanadium(iv) and dioxidovanadium(v) complexes of hydrazones of 2-benzoylpyridine and their catalytic applications
Authors: Maurya Mannar R. , Chaudhary Nikita , Avecilla Fernando , Adão Pedro , Costa Pessoa João
Published: November 2014

VV-polymer-supported compounds, their neat analogues and the corresponding peroxido-complexes are prepared and applied as catalyst precursors for the oxidation of isoeugenol.
Intercalation of lanthanide cations to a layer-like metal–organic framework for color tunable white light emission
Authors: Xu Xiao-Yu , Yan Bing
Published: November 2014

MIL-124 has been synthesized by solvothermal approach, and the luminescence was tuned by doping Ln3+ into the channels. With adjustment of the excitation wavelength and concentration of Ln3+, dichromatic (MIL-124@Eu3+) and trichromatic (MIL-124@Eu3+/Tb3+) white-light-emission can be achieved.
Heterojunction engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) via Pt loading with improved daylight-induced photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methane
Authors: Ong Wee-Jun , Tan Lling-Lling , Chai Siang-Piao , Yong Siek-Ting
Published: November 2014

The Pt-loaded g-C3N4demonstrated high visible-light photoactivity of CO2reduction to CH4, which was attributed to the efficient interfacial electron transfer from g-C3N4to Pt.
MR imaging probes: design and applications
Authors: Boros Eszter , Gale Eric M. , Caravan Peter
Published: November 2014

This perspective outlines strategies towards the development of MR imaging probes that our lab has explored.
Synthesis, structures and electrochemical and photophysical properties of anilido-benzoxazole boron difluoride (ABB) complexes
Authors: Meesala Yedukondalu , Kavala Veerababurao , Chang Hao-Ching , Kuo Ting-Shen , Yao Ching-Fa , Lee Way-Zen
Published: November 2014

Four-ring-fused anilido-benzoxazole boron difluoride (ABB) dyes were synthesized, and exhibited very bright luminescence in solution (Φf = 0.45–0.96 in CH2Cl2) and in the solid-state (Φf = 0.07–0.37).
Solution processed organic thermoelectrics: towards flexible thermoelectric modules
Authors: Chen Yani , Zhao Yan , Liang Ziqi
Published: November 2014

This review presents up-to-date advances in rapidly growing organic thermoelectrics, which show good promise of flexible thermoelectric modules.
The combination of arsenic and cryptotanshinone induces apoptosis through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-reactive oxygen species in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yan Fang , Zhang Min , Huang Xu Lei , Fu Yu Jie , Jiang Yu Han , Bao Ling Ling , Maimaitiyiming Yasen , Zhang Guang Ji , Wang Qian Qian , Naranmandura Hua
Published: November 2014

Arsenic trioxide has been successfully used for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) worldwide.
Amperometric determination of promethazine in tablets using an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrode
Authors: Felix Fabiana S. , Ferreira Luís M. C. , Vieira Fernanda , Trindade Geraldo M. , Ferreira Viviane S. S. A. , Angnes Lúcio
Published: November 2014

Graphene films were prepared on a glassy carbon electrode for amperometric determination of promethazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical products.
Synthesis of a double-stranded spiroborate helicate bearing stilbene units and its photoresponsive behaviour
Authors: Taura Daisuke , Min Heejun , Katan Claudine , Yashima Eiji
Published: November 2014

The sodium ion-triggered extension and contraction motions along with photo-induced cis–trans isomerisation of a photoresponsive spiroborate-based double-stranded helicate were investigated.
Computational study on the intramolecular self-organization of the macrorings of some ‘giant’ cyclodextrins (CDn, n = 40, 70, 85, 100)
Authors: Ivanov Petko M. , Atanassov Emanouil J. , Jaime Carlos
Published: November 2014

A limited number of modes determine the overall deformations of the macrorings, which may have more than one cavity. Accordingly, they have the potential to accommodate more than one substrate molecule.
Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, solar UV radiation, and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks
Authors: Erickson David J. , Sulzberger Barbara , Zepp Richard G. , Austin Amy T.
Published: November 2014

Climate change modulates the effects of solar UV radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, particularly for carbon cycling, resulting in UV-mediated positive or negative feedbacks on climate. Possible positive feedbacks discussed in this assessment include: (i) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of above ground litter due to aridification; (ii) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of photoreactive dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems due to changes in continental runoff and ice melting; (iii) reduced efficiency of the biological pump due to UV-induced bleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in stratified aquatic ecosystems, where CDOM protects phytoplankton from the damaging solar UV-B radiation. Mineralisation of organic matter results in the production and release of CO2, whereas the biological pump is the main biological process for CO2removal by aquatic ecosystems. This paper also assesses the interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on the biogeochemical cycling of aerosols and trace gases other than CO2, as well as of chemical and biological contaminants. Interacting effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycles are particularly pronounced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces.
A facile approach to hydrophilic, reverse zwitterionic, choline phosphate polymers
Authors: Hu Gaojie , Parelkar Sangram S. , Emrick Todd
Published: November 2014

We describe a facile synthesis of an n-butyl substituted choline phosphate monomer (MBP), and its polymerization to afford polyMBP and its copolymers. PolyMBP provides access to water-soluble choline phosphate polymers that by cell culture analysis exhibit low toxicity and immunogenicity.
A mechanistic study of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on polyaniline nanofibers
Authors: Lemke William M. , Kaner Richard B. , Diaconescu Paula L.
Published: November 2014

Pd/PANI nanocomposites effect C–C coupling reactions mainly through a homogeneous mechanism.
Specific removal of protein using protein imprinted polydopamine shells on modified amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Ruixia , Zhang Lili , Hao Yi , Cui Xihui , Tang Yuhai
Published: November 2014

A simple approach for the specific removal of protein using polydopamine imprinted shells on modified amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was developed.
Poor solvent and thermal annealing induced ordered crystallites in poly(3-dodecylthiophene) films
Authors: Roy I. , Hazra S.
Published: November 2014

The influence of poor solvent and thermal annealing, with their specific roles, in the crystalline ordering of P3DDT films, which is important to their performance as semiconducting materials, were investigated using complementary techniques.
Tailoring mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of flexible niobium carbide nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Yate Luis , Emerson Coy L. , Wang Guocheng , Beltrán Mikel , Díaz-Barriga Enrique , Saucedo Esmeralda M. , Ceniceros Mónica A. , Załęski Karol , Llarena Irantzu , Möller Marco , Ziolo Ronald F.
Published: November 2014

This work shows the potential of hard, elastic and electrically conductive nanocomposite NbC films for nano- and micro- electronics applications.
The chemistry and biological activities of natural products from Northern African plant families: from Aloaceae to Cupressaceae
Authors: Ntie-Kang Fidele , Yong Joseph N.
Published: November 2014

Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies.
Graphene oxide supported MnO2nanorods: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of aromatic amines to azo-compounds
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Shekhar Amiya , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: November 2014

Graphene oxide supported MnO2nanorods (GOnc), a composite material, has been synthesized and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, BET surface area measurement, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy.
Solvent-tuning of ordered mesoporous silicas prepared through evaporation-induced self-assembly templated by poly(ethylene oxide-b-ε-caprolactone)
Authors: Chu Wei-Cheng , Lin Chen-Xin , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: November 2014

Highly ordered mesoporous silicas having narrow pore size distributions and various morphologies merely through selection of an appropriate solvent.
Ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistors with Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 gate insulators on LaNiO3-buffered Si substrates
Authors: Song H. J. , Ding T. , Zhong X. L. , Wang J. B. , Li B. , Zhang Y. , Tan C. B. , Zhou Y. C.
Published: November 2014

Ferroelectric-gate thin-film transistors (FGTs) with a stacked oxide structure of ZnO/Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT)/LaNiO3 (LNO) on Si substrates have been prepared and characterized.
Synthesis of β-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles catalyzed by copper ferrite nanoparticles in tap water using click chemistry
Authors: Anil Kumar B. S. P. , Harsha Vardhan Reddy K. , Satish G. , Uday Kumar R. , Nageswar Y. V. D.
Published: November 2014

A novel one pot synthesis of β-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles has been developed by using CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. This protocol involves easily recyclable catalyst in water and avoids the handling of azides as they are generated in situ.
Redox-controllable self-assembly and anti-bacterial activity of a vancomycin derivative
Authors: Chen Guoqin , Zhang Jianwu , Li Dongxia , Ren Chunhua , Ou Caiwen , Wang Ling , Chen Minsheng
Published: November 2014

We report a selenium containing vancomycin derivative with redox-controllable self-assembly property and anti-bacterial activity.
PDMS membranes with tunable gas permeability for microfluidic applications
Authors: Lamberti A. , Marasso S. L. , Cocuzza M.
Published: November 2014

The air permeability of PDMS membranes is easily tuned acting on their composition. Varying the mixing ratio it is possible to strongly influence the gas molecules permeation across the PDMS membrane.
Flow chemistry as a discovery tool to access sp2–sp3cross-coupling reactions via diazo compounds
Authors: Tran Duc N. , Battilocchio Claudio , Lou Shing-Bong , Hawkins Joel M. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2014

The room temperature sp2–sp3cross-coupling of flow-generated diazo compounds with boronic acids is reported.
Metal complexes as potential modulators of inflammatory and autoimmune responses
Authors: Leung Chung-Hang , Lin Sheng , Zhong Hai-Jing , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: November 2014

In this perspective, we highlight recent examples in the development of transition metal complexes as modulators of inflammatory and autoimmune responses.
Shiga toxin induces membrane reorganization and formation of long range lipid order
Authors: Solovyeva Vita , Johannes Ludger , Simonsen Adam Cohen
Published: November 2014

Binding of a Shiga toxin B-subunit to a lipid bilayer leads to the modulation of orientational membrane texture and induces membrane reordering.
Siderophore-inspired nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of Fe3+
Authors: Phillips Daniel J. , Davies Gemma-Louise , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: November 2014

Au nanoparticles modified with catechol-functionalised polymers provide a strong optical response which is highly specific to Fe3+ ions at physiologically relevant concentrations.
Non‐invasive method to analyse the risk of developing diabetic foot
Authors: Silva Rebeca N. , Ferreira Ana C.B.H. , Ferreira Danton D. , Barbosa Bruno H.G.
Published: November 2014

Foot complications (diabetic foot) are among the most serious and costly complications of diabetes mellitus. Amputation of all or part of a lower extremity is usually preceded by a foot ulcer. To prevent diabetic foot, an automatic non‐invasive method to identify patients with diabetes who have a high risk of developing diabetic foot is proposed. To design the proposed method, information concerning social scope and self‐care of 153 diabetic patients was presented to the K‐means clustering algorithm, which divided the data into two groups: high risk and low risk of developing diabetic foot. In the operational stage, the Euclidian distance from the information vector to the centroids of each group of risk is used as criterion for classification. Both real and simulated data were used to evaluate the method in which promising results were achieved with accuracy of 0.97 ± 0.06 for simulated data and 0.68 ± 0.16 considering the classification of specialists as the gold standard for real data. The method requires a simple computational processing and can be useful for basic health units to triage diabetic patients helping the health‐care team to reduce the number of cases of diabetic foot.
A new way of quantifying diagnostic information from multilead electrocardiogram for cardiac disease classification
Authors: Tripathy R.K. , Sharma L.N. , Dandapat S.
Published: November 2014

A new measure for quantifying diagnostic information from a multilead electrocardiogram (MECG) is proposed. This diagnostic measure is based on principal component (PC) multivariate multiscale sample entropy (PMMSE). The PC analysis is used to reduce the dimension of the MECG data matrix. The multivariate multiscale sample entropy is evaluated over the PC matrix. The PMMSE values along each scale are used as a diagnostic feature vector. The performance of the proposed measure is evaluated using a least square support vector machine classifier for detection and classification of normal (healthy control) and different cardiovascular diseases such as cardiomyopathy, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. The results show that the cardiac diseases are successfully detected and classified with an average accuracy of 90.34%. Comparison with some of the recently published methods shows improved performance of the proposed measure of cardiac disease classification.
Power reduction for mobile devices by deploying low‐power base stations
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Wuxiong , Wei Kun , Yang Xiumei
Published: November 2014

The power consumption of mobile devices (MDs) has been increasing dramatically since more functions and bigger screens are adopted in the latest MDs. To extend the usage time of MDs and improve customer satisfaction levels, this research study, for the first time, studies the influence of different deployment strategies of a few low‐power base stations (BSs) to reduce the power consumption of a large number of MDs. For both microcell and picocell scenarios, the authors’ analyse the power reductions at the MD side with the deployment of a low‐power BS. The optimum low‐power cell radius is derived for achieving the maximum MDs power reduction. The tradeoff relationships between MD power reduction and the key parameters of low‐power BSs are investigated and discussed. It is shown that authors’ proposed method can achieve about 18% power reduction for microcell MDs.
On the performance of the zero‐forcing‐space‐time block coding multiple‐input–multiple‐output receiver with channel estimation error and error propagation
Authors: Khomyat Tanapong , Uthansakul Peerapong , Uthansakul Monthippa , Hee Soong Boon
Published: November 2014

Multi‐user multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) systems are a promising technology for increasing spectral efficiency and diversity gain in the up‐link channel. Space‐time block coding (STBC) or the spatial‐multiplexing (SM) scheme may selectively be used by each user. The simple techniques, zero‐forcing (ZF), STBC and successive interference cancellation are jointly applied to separate and detect all streams at the ZF‐STBC MIMO receiver. Unfortunately the channel estimation error (CEE) and error propagation (EP) are usually presented in practical multi‐layers detection. In this study, the author investigates the effect of CEE and EP on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the ZF‐STBC MIMO receiver over Rayleigh flat fading channels. They derive a nearly exact closed‐form BER for general phase shift keying/quadrature‐amplitude modulation with CEE and EP for arbitrary number of users. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of the author's analysis.
Thyristor‐controlled susceptance design based on reduced power switching compensator
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mansoor , Rana Ahmad
Published: November 2014

In this study, a single phase thyristor‐controlled susceptance (TCS) with integrated reduced power voltage source inverter (VSI) acting as a switching compensator (also known as active power filter) has been proposed to mitigate the harmonics generated by thyristor‐controlled reactor (TCR). The proposed scheme has the capability to fully attenuate all harmonics generated by TCR. The proposed technique can perform efficiently even at lower switching frequency of VSIs, which is a desirable feature for higher power rating systems. This results in a more feasible implementation for comparative dynamic control characteristics. This scheme has been described in detail and has been verified through simulation and experimental results.
Active damping method to reduce the output impedance of the DC–DC converters
Authors: Li Yan , Jia Pengyu , Zheng Trillion Q.
Published: November 2014

In the cascaded power system, instability may occur because of the impedance interaction. The system can be stabilised by passive damping or control methods to reduce the output impedance of the source converter and improve the damping characteristics. This study focuses on the source converter in the cascaded system and presents a new active damping control to reduce the output impedance of the converter by a proper active damping controller. The method to compute the corresponding active damping controller is proposed in this study. By the application of the active damping method, a virtual resistor in parallel with the output of the converter's small signal model can be realised. Therefore the output impedance can be reduced. Because the virtual resistor exists only in the small signal model, the steady‐state operating point is not affected and the value of the virtual resistor can be changed. The experiment results of a Buck converter with the active damping controller under different conditions are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the active damping control. Besides, an active damping controller is applied to an unstable cascaded system in simulation to stabilise the cascaded system so the effectiveness of this method is also verified.
Model predictive‐based shunt active power filter with a new reference current estimation strategy
Authors: Panigrahi Rakhee , Subudhi Bidyadhar , Panda Prafulla Chandra
Published: November 2014

This study presents a new reference current estimation method using proposed robust extended complex Kalman filter (RECKF) together with model predictive current (MPC) control strategy in the development of a three‐phase shunt active power filter (SAPF). A new exponential function embedded into the RECKF algorithm helps in the estimation of in phase fundamental component of voltage (vh) at the point of common coupling considering grid perturbations such as distorted voltage, measurement noise and phase angle jump and also for the estimation of fundamental amplitude of the load current (ih). The estimation of these two variables (vh, ih) is used to generate reference signals for MPC. The proposed RECKF‐MPC needs less number of voltage sensors and resolves the difficulty of gain tuning of proportional–integral (PI) controller. The proposed RECKF‐MPC approach is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK and also Opal‐RT was used to obtain the real‐time results. The results obtained using the proposed RECKF together with different variants of Kalman filters (Kalman filter (KF), extended KF (EKF) and extended complex KF (ECKF)) and PI controller are analysed both in the steady state as well as transient state conditions. From the above experimentation, it was observed that the proposed RECKF‐MPC control strategy outperforms over PI controller and other variants of Kalman filtering approaches in terms of reference tracking error, power factor distortion and percentage total harmonic distortion in the SAPF system.
Investigation of anodic silicon dioxide thin films for microelectromechanical systems applications
Authors: Ashok Akarapu , Pal Prem
Published: November 2014

In this reported work, silicon dioxide (SiO2) thin films have been developed at room temperature using anodic oxidation of silicon. The effect of various process parameters on oxide properties including thickness, surface morphology, roughness and so on are investigated to determine the optimal conditions for the growth of SiO2 for applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterise the refractive index and thickness of the as‐deposited films. Atomic force microscopy was employed to measure the surface roughness of the oxide films. To fabricate the overhanging micromechanical structures, the etch rate of the as‐grown oxide film was studied in 25 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide and 10 wt% potassium hydroxide solutions at different temperatures. Finally, the as‐grown oxide film is demonstrated for the fabrication of differently shaped MEMS components using an etchant showing minimum oxide etch rate.
Highly enhanced charge injection and bulk transport in organic gap‐type diodes via one‐pot treatment process: experiment and simulation
Authors: Kim Hyeok , Song Dong‐Seok , Kim SeongMin , Battaglini Nicolas , Lang Philippe , Horowitz Gilles , Kim Do‐Kyung , Kang In Man , Bae Jin‐Hyuk
Published: November 2014

The gap‐type diode is a basic component of organic field‐effect transistors. In the critical voltage range above 10 V, the gap‐type diode works in the same way as a sandwich‐type diode adapted for organic light‐emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic cells. However, the gap‐type diode is rarely studied, and compact modelling is not often found in previous reports that deal with this type of an organic diode. Enhanced bulk transport is exhibited using the one‐pot treatment of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) for an SiO2 surface and an Au contact metal in the gap‐type organic diode. Charge‐injection improvement via the SAM treatment on Au induces higher bulk transport. This phenomenon is analysed mainly through compact modelling.
Synergetic reduction of graphene oxide by sodium hydroxide and microwave irritation
Authors: Wu Xiang‐feng , Zhang Jie , Zhuang Ya‐fang , Fu Shi‐da , Yu Xiao‐ying
Published: November 2014

Graphene oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method in a Teflon‐lined autoclave and then reduced by two different approaches. Alkaline reduction by sodium hydroxide as the control and synergetic reduction which combined sodium hydroxide and microwave irritation were conducted. The products were characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by atomic force microscopy. Results showed that the synergetic method possessed higher efficiency. Moreover, the as‐prepared samples were monolayers (about 0.8 nm) and could decrease the solubility of ethyl cellulose in ethanol.
Vertically polarizing undulator with the dynamic compensation of magnetic forces for the next generation of light sources
Authors: Strelnikov N. , Trakhtenberg E. , Vasserman I. , Xu J. , Gluskin E.
Published: November 2014

A short prototype (847-mm-long) of an Insertion Device (ID) with the dynamic compensation of ID magnetic forces has been designed, built, and tested at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of the Argonne National Laboratory. The ID magnetic forces were compensated by the set of conical springs placed along the ID strongback. Well-controlled exponential characteristics of conical springs permitted a very close fit to the ID magnetic forces. Several effects related to the imperfections of actual springs, their mounting and tuning, and how these factors affect the prototype performance has been studied. Finally, series of tests to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of the ID magnetic gap settings have been carried out. Based on the magnetic measurements of the ID Beff, it has been demonstrated that the magnetic gaps within an operating range were controlled accurately and reproducibly within ±1 μm. Successful tests of this ID prototype led to the design of a 3-m long device based on the same concept. The 3-m long prototype is currently under construction. It represents R&D efforts by the APS toward APS Upgrade Project goals as well as the future generation of IDs for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS).
A coupled-cluster study of photodetachment cross sections of closed-shell anions
Authors: Cukras Janusz , Decleva Piero , Coriani Sonia
Published: November 2014

We investigate the performance of Stieltjes Imaging applied to Lanczos pseudo-spectra generated at the coupled cluster singles and doubles, coupled cluster singles and approximate iterative doubles and coupled cluster singles levels of theory in modeling the photodetachment cross sections of the closed shell anions H−, Li−, Na−, F−, Cl−, and OH−. The accurate description of double excitations is found to play a much more important role than in the case of photoionization of neutral species.
Design and construction of a research atomic layer deposition system for in situ infrared and electron spectroscopies
Authors: Bermudez V. M.
Published: November 2014

A description is given of an ultra-high vacuum surface-analysis chamber that incorporates an internal cell for performing atomic layer deposition at a pressure of up to ∼1 Torr. The apparatus permits the growth process to be interrupted in stages during which data can be obtained using infrared and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies together with other electron-based techniques. Demonstration results are given for the adsorption of H2O on Si (100) at a pressure of ∼0.3 Torr. The system described is generally applicable in the study of any surface reaction under non-high-vacuum conditions in which there is a need for both infrared and electron spectroscopies.
Ap-adic spectral triple
Authors: Klimek Slawomir , McBride Matt , Rathnayake Sumedha
Published: November 2014

We construct a spectral triple for the C*-algebra of continuous functions on the space of p-adic integers by using a rooted tree obtained from coarse-grained approximation of the space, and the forward derivative on the tree. Additionally, we verify that our spectral triple satisfies the properties of a compact spectral metric space, and we show that the metric on the space of p-adic integers induced by the spectral triple is equivalent to the usual p-adic metric.
Electrowetting-based measurement of interfacial tension
Authors: Choi Seungyul , Kwon Yongjoo , Lee Junghoon
Published: November 2014

We report all-electrical monitoring of interfacial tension, enabled by the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technique. The contact angle of a sessile oil droplet in water was obtained via an in-situ capacitive measurement of the EWOD area on a single chip. Contact angle data measured at different operating voltage values were used to calculate the interfacial tension using the Young-Lippmann equation. The results were in good agreement with the results of an image-based analysis, which was performed by using an electrolyte liquid (Na2SO4)/oil (n-decane) system with a surfactant (Tween® 80) to alter the interfacial tension. The maximum deviation of the contact angle and interfacial tension values determined using EWOD from the values determined using the image analysis were 2.8° and less than 1 mN/m, respectively.
Low energy electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy studies of Cs-O activation layer on p-type GaAs photocathode
Authors: Jin Xiuguang , Cotta Alexandre A. C. , Chen Gong , N`Diaye Alpha T. , Schmid Andreas K. , Yamamoto Naoto
Published: November 2014

Work function, photoemission yield, and Auger electron spectra were measured on (001) p-type GaAs during negative electron affinity (NEA) surface preparation, surface degradation, and heating processes. The emission current sensitively depends on work function change and its dependence allows us to determine that the shape of the vacuum barrier was close to double triangular. Regarding the NEA surface degradation during photoemission, we discuss the importance of residual gas components the oxygen and hydrogen. We also found that gentle annealing (≤100 °C) of aged photocathodes results in a lower work function and may offer a patch to reverse the performance degradation.
Maneuvering the chain agglomerates of colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles by tunable magnetic fields
Authors: Paul Gayatri , Das Prasanta Kumar , Manna Indranil
Published: November 2014

Magneto-viscous effect (MVE) provides an unique control over the rheological properties of magnetic nanofluids (MNFs) by externally applied magnetic field. In this letter, we report the factors affecting the MVE of surfactant coated magnetite (mean size ∼11.5 nm) dispersed water based nanofluid. We investigate the dependence of viscosity on the magnetic sweep carried out by increasing and decreasing the field in several consecutive cycles. We observe that the viscosity is considerably affected by the time interval between consecutive applications of the external field. The degree of hysteresis (quantified by the area of the hysteresis curve) decreases with the increase in time interval and the number of cycles of magnetic sweep. We also observe the excellent reversible switching properties of viscosity for MNF under pulses of applied magnetic field. The gap between the plates of the rheometer exhibits a profound influence in controlling the magnitude of viscosity. The lower the gap, the higher is the viscosity. All the above effects can be explained from the formation of aggregates of the nanoparticles and their relaxation by the application and withdrawal of the field, respectively. Visualization through microscopy supports the proposition.
Surface stress on three-terminal vibrational nanomechanical transistor
Authors: Jin Leisheng , Li Lijie
Published: November 2014

The impact of the surface effect induced stress on a nanomechanical transistor (NMT) is investigated. It is shown that the surface stress of the doubly clamped beam in the NMT causes an increased resonant frequency, whereas a fluctuated average electrical current. The self-excitation regime of the NMT is studied through bifurcation calculation, which is extended with the surface stress considered.
Near infrared radio-luminescence of O2 loaded radiation hardened silica optical fibers: A candidate dosimeter for harsh environments
Authors: Di Francesca D. , Girard S. , Agnello S. , Marcandella C. , Paillet P. , Boukenter A. , Gelardi F. M. , Ouerdane Y.
Published: November 2014

We report on an experimental investigation of the infrared Radio-Luminescence (iRL) emission of interstitial O2 molecules loaded in radiation hardened pure-silica-core and fluorine-doped silica-based optical fibers (OFs). The O2 loading treatment successfully dissolved high concentrations of oxygen molecules into the silica matrix. A sharp luminescence at 1272 nm was detected when 2.5 cm of the treated OFs were irradiated with 10 keV X-rays. This emission originates from the radiative decay of the first excited singlet state of the embedded O2 molecules. The dose, dose-rate, and temperature dependencies of the infrared emission are studied through in situ optical measurements. The results show that the iRL is quite stable in doses of up to 1 MGy(SiO2) and is linearly dependent on the dose-rate up to the maximum investigated dose-rate of ∼200 kGy(SiO2)/h. The temperature dependency of the iRL shows a decrease in efficiency above 200 °C, which is attributed to the non-radiative decay of the excited O2 molecules. The results obtained and the long-term stability of the O2-loading treatment (no out-gassing effect) strongly suggest the applicability of these components to real-time remote dosimetry in environments characterized by high radiation doses and dose-rates.
Optical trapping of core-shell magnetic microparticles by cylindrical vector beams
Authors: Zhong Min-Cheng , Gong Lei , Li Di , Zhou Jin-Hua , Wang Zi-Qiang , Li Yin-Mei
Published: November 2014

Optical trapping of core-shell magnetic microparticles is experimentally demonstrated by using cylindrical vector beams. Second, we investigate the optical trapping efficiencies. The results show that radially and azimuthally polarized beams exhibit higher axial trapping efficiencies than the Gaussian beam. Finally, a trapped particle is manipulated to kill a cancer cell. The results make possible utilizing magnetic particles for optical manipulation, which is an important advantage for magnetic particles as labeling agent in targeted medicine and biological analysis.
Spontaneously poling of electro-optic polymer thin films across a 1.1-mm thick glass substrate by pyroelectric crystals
Authors: Huang Su , Luo Jingdong , Jin Zhian , Li Ming , Kim Tae-Dong , Chen Antao , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: November 2014

We developed a method to pole electro-optic (E-O) polymer thin films using pyroelectric crystals instead of external high voltage source unit. The process is based on a multi-layered dielectric stack, in which micron-thick E-O polymer films were sandwiched between millimeter thick pyroelectric crystal and borosilicate glass substrate. Through modest temperature change, very large electric fields could be spontaneously generated from pyroelectric effect of the crystals, which can deliver high effective field strength (up to 0.7 MV/cm) to the E-O polymer thin films across the glass plate. Very intriguing phenomena of significantly reduced leak through current (LTC) and improved dielectric breakdown strength of E-O polymers were observed. As a result, large Pockels coefficients of 62 pm/V at 1.31 μm can be obtained for poled E-O thin films. The good agreement between theory and experimentally measured results in the study provide important insights of electrostatics in pyroelectric systems and their effective interactions with thin film E-O polymeric materials. It also demonstrates that pyroelectric poling is a promising alternative to commonly used contact poling and corona poling that offers unique advantages of high field strength and near-zero LTC for polarizing dielectric functional materials and devices.
Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among Australian adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships
Authors: Rissel Chris , Badcock Paul B. , Smith Anthony M. A. , Richters Juliet , de Visser Richard O. , Grulich Andrew E. , Simpson Judy M.
Published: November 2014

Background Current information about numbers of other-sex partners, experiences of different heterosexual behaviours and the recent heterosexual experiences among a representative sample of Australian adults is needed. It is not known whether these practices have changed between 2001–02 and 2012–13. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 9963 men and 10 131 women aged 16–69 years from all states and territories. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2%. Results: Men reported more sexual partners than women, although the lifetime number of heterosexual partners reported by women increased significantly between 2001–02 and 2012–13. In 2012–13, 14.7% of men and 8.6% of women reported two or more sexual partners in the last year. Reporting multiple partners was significantly associated with being younger, being bisexual, living in major cities, having a lower income, having a blue-collar occupation and not being married. The proportion of respondents reporting ever having had oral sex or anal intercourse increased significantly since the last survey. At the last heterosexual encounter, 91.9% of men and 66.2% of women had an orgasm, oral sex was reported in only approximately one in four encounters and anal intercourse was uncommon. Conclusion: There were increases between 2001–02 and 2012–13 in partner numbers among women and in the lifetime experience of oral and anal sex. The patterns of heterosexual experience in Australia are similar to those found in studies of representative samples in other countries.
First vaginal intercourse and oral sex among a representative sample of Australian adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships
Authors: Rissel Chris , Heywood Wendy , de Visser Richard O. , Simpson Judy M. , Grulich Andrew E. , Badcock Paul B. , Smith Anthony M. A. , Richters Juliet
Published: November 2014

Background
Current information about the characteristics of Australian adults’ first vaginal intercourse and contraception or precautions used on that occasion is needed, as well as whether these characteristics have changed between 2001–02 and 2012–13. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 20 094 men and women aged 16–69 years. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2%. Respondents indicated their age at first vaginal intercourse and first oral sex. Those who reported vaginal intercourse were asked the age of their partner, their relationship to their partner, the duration of this relationship, and what contraception or precautions (if any) were used. Results: There was a significant decline in the median age of first vaginal intercourse for both men and women among those born between the 1940s and the 1960s, but no further decline since. There has also been a significant increase in the use of protection at first vaginal intercourse, from less than 20% of men and women in the 1950s to over 90% in the 2000s. For men and women, first vaginal sex before age 16 years was significantly associated with a greater number of lifetime and recent sexual partners, and a greater likelihood of having had a sexually transmitted infection. Conclusion: Given the earlier age at first vaginal intercourse, sex education should begin earlier so that all young people have information about contraception and disease prevention before they begin their sexual careers.
Plant-derived monoclonal antibodies as human biologics for infectious disease and cancer.
Authors: Chen Q. , Lai H. F.
Published: November 2014

This chapter focuses on the importance of plants as an innovative, speedy, flexible and economical system for developing and producing monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based human biologics for infectious disease and cancer. The recent development of deconstructed virus-based vectors that have allowed rapid and high-level transient expression of MAbs in plants is presented. The progress in plant glycoengineering that allows plants to produce MAbs with superior efficacy and safety than other traditional systems is described and the combined advantages of these new breakthroughs, which have promoted the plant expression system to become a premier platform for the commercial development and production of human biologics, are discussed in the context of several leading MAb-based biologics.
Expression of the capsid protein of human papillomavirus in plants as an alternative for the production of vaccines.
Authors: Castillo Esparza J. F. , Monroy García A. , Gómez Lim M. A.
Published: November 2014

This chapter analyses the different strategies that have been used for the expression and production of heterologous proteins in plants and the impact they have had in the field of production of vaccines against the Human papillomavirus.
Case study 1: Rabies.
Authors: Loza-Rubio E. , Rojas-Anaya E.
Published: November 2014

This chapter focuses on the viral genome and structure of the Rabies virus, general aspects of vaccination against rabies and use of new and plant-derived vaccines. The expression of Rabies virus antigen in plants is discussed and the legal issues that accompany the development of plant-derived vaccines are presented.
Transposons for insect transformation.
Authors: O'Brochta D. A. , George K. , Xu HanFu Xu HanFu
Published: November 2014

This chapter provides a brief review of the characteristics and properties of transposable elements that have been shown to be active in insects and upon which various genetic technologies have been assembled, followed by a brief description of those technologies and where they have been applied in insect biology. DNA transposons have proven to be versatile molecular machines with robust capabilities for carrying transgenes into genomes, and have become indispensable for the functional genomics of insects.
Transposon-based technologies for insects.
Authors: O'Brochta D. A. , George K. , Xu HanFu Xu HanFu
Published: November 2014

To illustrate the diverse uses of DNA transposons in insects, this chapter reviews the existing transposon-based technologies and their current ranges of application within insects. These techniques include mutagenesis, germ-line transformation, modular expression systems, cell/genetic ablation, transgene mis-expression, transgenic gene silencing, site-specific recombination, and use of genetic sensors.
Sex-, tissue- and stage-specific transgene expression.
Authors: Hammond A. M. , Nolan T.
Published: November 2014

Regulated transgene expression is critical for the development of novel insect control strategies and also for experiments aimed to improve our understanding of insect biology. This chapter describes research aimed at discovering components that regulate sex-, tissue- and stage-specific expression, emphasizing mosquitoes, and illustrates these with examples on how this knowledge has been utilized to influence transgene expression.
Docking systems for site-directed transgene integration.
Authors: Eggleston P. , Meredith J. M.
Published: November 2014

This paper focuses on the deployment of docking systems in non-drosophilid insects, making reference to work on D. melanogaster where appropriate. Some protocols developed for Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are presented. The two phases of site-specific transgenesis are explained. In phase 1, a conventional transposon (such as piggyBac) is used to introduce a docking site for the site-specific recombinase. Subsequently, phase 2 transformation involves the insertion of a transgene specifically at the docking site, mediated by the recombinase.
Silkworm transgenesis and applications.
Authors: Sezutsu H. , Tamura T.
Published: November 2014

This chapter focuses on the recent progress, applications and future prospects for transgenic silkworms.