bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Student’s Knowledge Level with Anxiety and Precautions the Spread Covid19 in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Kholik Kholik , Suarti Ni Ketut Alit , Garnika Eneng , Hidayatullah Moch Taufik
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The level of knowledge of college students about Coronavirus-19 (Covid19) will affect to precaution the spread of this disease. Students as intellectuals can be at the forefront of breaking the chain of the spread of Covid19. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the knowledge of Mandalika University of Science (UNDIKMA) college students about the spread of Covid19 and the level of anxiety and precaution the spread of Covid19. Method: This study used a cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to 38 of 325 UNDIKMA college students registered in PDDikti with the purposive sampling method. The modified questionnaire instrument from the WHO Survey Tool and Guidance was sent via email and Whatsapp from May to June 2020. Data on the level of college student’s knowledge about the spread of Covid19, anxiety and precautions the spread of Covid19 will be analyzed using the chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The level of college student’s knowledge with a high category about the spread of Covid19 was 52.6%, the level of college student’s anxiety with a high category was 57.9%, and the level of precaution the spread of Covid19 for college students with a good category was 55.3% from 38 students. The results of the bivariate analysis on the relationship between the level of college student’s knowledge about the spread of Covid19 and the level of anxiety were not significant with p> 0.05 (p-value = 0.064), the relationship between the level of college student’s knowledge about the spread of Covid19 and the precaution of the spread of Covid19 not significant with p> 0.05 (p-value = 0.064).Conclusion: The high level of college student’s knowledge of Mandalika University of Science (UNDIKMA) about the spread of Covid19 showed no a significant relationship with anxiety and precautions the spread Covid19 in West Nusa Tenggara at pandemic situation so learning models that can reduce anxiety and raise awareness to take precaution the spread of Covid19 are needed in a disease pandemic situation.
Literature Review: Risk Factos Affecting College Student’s Mental Disorder During Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Farumi Shofiyah Salma
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has become a real hazard and affects many sectors, one of them is education. The high number of new cases has made several countries to implement lockdown and quarantine policies. This policy caused several schools and universities to be closed to break the chain of transmission. Besides, the indirect effect of COVID19 is the mental disorder of the society, including students, that is getting worse. Mental disorder has become a growing health problem and requires more attention. This study aimed to explore the risk factors affecting students’ mental disorder at the period of the COVID19 pandemic based on the previously performed research from published journals. Discussion: Of the 394 literature that has been searched in Pubmed and Science Direct, by entering the keywords of coronavirus, mental disorder, education, and universities, it obtained 7 articles in accordance with inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria in this study included articles published in 2019 and 2020, articles categorized as original research articles, articles written in English, and articles discussed mental disorder in students since the COVID19 pandemic. The results of the study showed that in countries with quite high COVID19 cases, the risk factors affecting students’ health were news about new case rates, mortality rates, and COVID19 cure rates. Conclusion: Mental disorder disorders experienced by students during the pandemic were anxiety, stress, and depression. For further research, it is expected to provide recommendations for activities that can prevent students’ mental disorder to not worse during the pandemic.
Microbiology Indoor Air Quality at Hospital During the Covid19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahardhiman Aryatama , Yudhastuti Ririh , Azizah R.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Covid19 was an acute respiratory disease with fever, cough, and out of breath as the symptoms. WHO reported that until June 21st 2020, there were 8,708,008 cases were confirmed with 461,715 number of death (CFR 5.3%). In Indonesia, there were 45,891 cases were confirmed with 2,465 number of death (CFR 37%). People who were most at risk were people who physically close contact with the Covid19 patient, including health workers. The purpose of this study was to know the microbiology indoor air quality of Covid19 patient at Hospital before and during the pandemic. Method: The study design of this research was observational cross sectional. The study was done at a Hospital in East Java on December 2019 – June 2020. The sample of this research was a ward’s air in a Hospital. The research variable was the number of microbiology, temperature, and humidity of the ward of Covid19 patient that was measured 3 different points of measurement each rooms. Result and Discussion: The result showed that the average of the number of microbiology before the pandemic was about 46.31 CFU/m3 with the average of the temperature was 27.64°C and the humidity was 44.58%, while during the pandemic the number of microbiology in the air increased to 64 CFU/m3 with the average of the temperature was 27.77°C and the humidity was about 42.46%. Based on the statistic analysis, there were differences between the numbers of the microbiology before and during the pandemic in the ward of Covid19 patients (p value 0.00). Conclusion: The result showed that the number of the microbiology was increased before and during the pandemic although it was still under the quality standard. Increasing of Covid19 patient was the probably reason of the increasing the number of the indoor air microbiology. It was recommended the hospital requires to control the air quality of the treatment room by regulating air ventilation.
Women in health: Social practices in online health information management
Authors: Ikhwan Rizghina
Published: November 2020

Women have the right to take health measures on their bodies. In carrying out health measures, individuals need to seek health information. Health information can be obtained from the environment such as family, neighborhood, and groups involved in it. Along with the increase in technology, information is obtained from the individual environment and the outside world through electronic media and information spread in electronic media can be accessed anytime and anywhere. One of the groups seeking information about health from electronic media is PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak. This study used a qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 members of the PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak using snowball sampling. This study found that the information conveyed by women was considered correct after carrying out the information management process with other people, so it requires a negotiation process when taking health measures for their families. In this case, negotiations were carried out with each of the husbands of PKK Gunung Anyar Tambak members. The husband has the power to reject or accept the information conveyed by the wife. The wife must manage online health information obtained from electronic media before it is conveyed to her husband and it can be accepted and practiced in her family.
Frugal Compound Microscopy for Microbiological Analysis and Education
Authors: anand atul
Published: November 2020

We report a very frugal microscope building method from easily realizable parts. We show a highly portable field ready compound type microscope with bright field, dark field and projection microscopy capabilities. It has good resolution and magnification for multiple aspects of education and diagnosis. We demonstrate that such a system can be built from simple lenses in laser pointers and camera modules with no specific 3d printed parts or costly lenses. We show all the parts of the system like stage, coarse and fine focussing system, microscope body, even slides can be built from commonly available materials like soda bottle and DVD disks. We list alternate, safer and easily available staining methods and chemicals. The microscope is developed with a target that it can be self-developed even in rural areas of the world with only resources at one’s disposal with very little education. This features a stable focussing and panning system for comfortable viewing through eyes and also easy imaging with a smartphone. We show its utility for microorganism analysis and potential for clinical diagnosis.
Rapid Eocene Exhumation of the West Qinling Belt: Implications for the Growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Yi-Peng , Zheng Wen-Jun , Wang Wei-Tao , Tian Yun-Tao , Zhou Renjie , Xu Bin-Bin , Li Min-Juan , Yan Yong-Gang , Tian Qing-Ying , Zhang Pei-Zhen
Published: November 2020

Cenozoic exhumation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau provides insights into spatial-temporal patterns of crustal shortening, erosion, landscape evolution, and geodynamic drivers in the broad India-Eurasia collision system. The NW-SE trending West Qinling Belt has been a central debate as to when crustal shortening took place. Within the West Qinling Belt, a thick succession of Cretaceous sedimentary rocks has been deformed and exhumed along major basin-bounding thrust faults. We present new apatite (U-Th)/He ages from the hanging wall and footwall of this major thrust. Contrasting thermal histories show that rapid cooling commenced as early as ca. 45 Ma and continued for 15–20 Myr for the hanging wall, whereas the footwall experiences continuous cooling and slow exhumation since the late Mesozoic. We infer that accelerated exhumation was driven by thrusting in response to the northward growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Eocene (ca. 45–35 Ma) based on regional sedimentological, structural, and thermochronological data.
Cost Effective and Ecologically Sound Fluid Disposal During Well Clean up and Post Fracturing Flowback Operations
Authors: Shumakov Yakov , Hollaender Florian , Theuveny Bertrand
Published: November 2020

An important aspect of the well test and poststimulation flowback operations is the need to produce, responsibly manage, and safely dispose of the substantial amount of hydrocarbons, typically through flaring, which is potentially an environmental concern. This challenge has received significant attention over the past few decades and remains a major concern today. It is especially important in offshore environments, considering requirements for safe disposal of large volumes of crude and gas as well as completion fluids and possibly formation water.

A common alternative to offshore flaring is storing the crude on the drilling rig, test barge, or tanker. The methods used for fluid disposal during offshore operations were reviewed as the basis for defining a practical workflow to select the optimal operations design, thus leading to a significant reduction or full elimination of burning. Inaccurately selected fluid disposal strategies can significantly constrain operations, limiting achievable objectives and increasing the risk of HSE incidents. The typical methods employed include fluid storage at the well site, high efficiency burners, and the transfer of produced liquids to oil tankers during extended well tests. Additional considerations from traditional approaches relate to the evolution of regulatory and legal frameworks on environmental concerns.

Each method has its benefits and practical limitations. An analysis of possible approaches to avoid burning fluids and minimizing operational limits to well test operations identified that starting from a certain volume, crude storage and the transfer to production facilities can be considered as the best option to avoid burning while adding value to well effluents and turning well tests from a cost-to revenue-generating activity. Focusing on offshore operations with limited deck space and thus potentially limited storage capacity, the solution developed for the North Sea involved transferring the produced crude into a small shuttle tanker via a soft wall surface floating rubber hose. By using a floating transfer hose, the special requirements for hose installation were avoided, saving valuable rig time. It also reduced the need for pipe preheating and enabled the tanker to move, decreasing petrol consumption for maintaining dynamic positioning.

The paper will summarize the results and lessons learned from the application of different methods used for fluid disposal in a wide range of well test operations around the globe. These were used to determine that economical and environmentally responsible solutions exist for fluid disposal during well test operations. The paper will also detail an innovative, field-proven, and cost-effective fluid storage solution using a shuttle tanker during well test and flow back operations offshore. This technique was applied in five successfully performed well tests in the North Sea, storing more than 50,000 barrels of reservoir crude in total.
Optimized Drilling and Logging Practices Across Depleted Reservoirs – A Case Study in ADNOC Onshore Wells Based On – A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Bethancourt Roswall , Aguilar Victor , Mubarak Al Braiki Ali , Dua Ajay , Sarhan Mohammed , Al Blooshi Nouf , El Wazeer Fathy , Khalife Bassam , Propper Maarten
Published: November 2020

As mature reservoirs continue to be produced, drilling activities become more and more challenging. Risks are mainly posed by large variations in pressure gradient, while having intercalated high- and low-pressure zones adds to the complexity of the operation. High mud weigh is often used for well control and hole stability; however, it may result in lost circulation, differential sticking or wellbore collapse. On the other hand, increasing depletion may further cause compaction, and therefore instability. Wellbore trajectory and deviation may be extra factors increasing the hazard likelihood. In such circumstances, stuck pipe, which is one of the main drilling problems worldwide, seems like an imminent risk that generally is addressed on a reactive basis, amounting to 25% - 40% of the well budget, according to industry literature. Furthermore, the presence of radioactive sources, necessary for measuring and recording density / neutron petrophysical data, in the LWD (Logging While Drilling) string while drilling across such reservoirs augments the severity of the potential risks. This paper aims to present the significant gains obtained by incorporating the Logging While Tripping (LWT) technology in the standard operational practices, while meeting the drilling, formation evaluation and data acquisition requirements.

Data from three sample wells were analyzed: In Well A, the 8.5" section was drilled in two runs: - Run-1 - RSS (Rotary Steerable System) + Triple Combo LWD above the high overbalance zone X. Run-2 - RSS only till section TD (Total Depth). In Well B, the 8.5" section drilling was attempted in a single run, leading to stuck BHA (Bottom Hole Assembly) with expensive LWD tools and radioactive source, and eventually leaving the total BHA in the hole and sidetracking the well. In Well C, the 8.5" section drilling was again attempted in a single run, but only with GR-RSS for landing inside the reservoir. Formation evaluation data was acquired using LWT technique, which requires negligible additional rig time, and virtually eliminates the risk of losing expensive LWD tools and radioactive sources in the well, as the logging tools are protected inside the pipe and retrievable at any time.

Rig time, cost and risk were evaluated and compared for the three cases. Results show 1.85 days rig time reduction and 23% cost savings in Well C compared to Well A, while statistics of Well B showcase the risk magnitude, which can be effectively diminished by implementing the methodology used in Well C. A quantified matrix has been utilized to contrast the approximative cumulative risk per well. The use of LWT in 8.5" deviated hole sections has become part of the best operational standard practices for the operator while drilling across depleted and deeper reservoirs, as it leads to optimal time - cost - risk balance.
A Mechanistic Gas Kick Model to Simulate Gas in A Riser with Water and Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Manikonda Kaushik , Hasan Abu Rashid , Barooah Abinash , Rahmani Nazmul H. , El-Naas Muftah , Sleiti Ahmad Khalaf , Rahman Mohammad Azizur
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a simple mechanistic model to describe a gas kick in a drilling riser with water-based mud (WBM) and synthetic-based mud (SBM). This model can estimate key kick parameters such as the change in the wellhead pressure, kick ascent time, and pit gain. In addition, this model also predicts the solubility of the gas kick in SBM at various depths in the annulus. We used the commercial chemical process simulation software, HYSYS, to validate the results of this solubility model. This paper also presents the gas kick experimental results from a 20-ft. tall vertical flow loop at Texas A&M University, Qatar.

The base case investigates a gas kick in a vertical 10,000 ft. deep, 12.415 in. drilling riser with WBM. Our analytical model uses the Hasan-Kabir two-phase flow model and develops a set of equations that describe the pressure variation in the annulus. This computed pressure change allows estimates of pit-gain. Our experimental data comes from a 20-ft. tall flow loop with a 2.5 in. steel tube, inside a 4.5 in. Acrylic pipe, that simulates a riser. For these gas kick experiments, we injected specific amounts of gas at the bottom of the setup and recorded the bubble's expansion and migration.

The mechanistic model predicted explosive unloading of the riser near the wellhead. A comparison between our model results and HYSYS values for methane liquid-phase mole fraction showed a maximum 8% deviation with complete agreement on bubble point (Pb) pressure and location estimates. Similarly, our model calculated the solution gas-oil ratio (Rs), with a maximum divergence of 3% from HYSYS estimates. From the comparison studies with other empirical Bo & Rs correlations, we note that the estimates of our model agreed best with those of O'Bryan's (Patrick Leon O'Bryan, 1988) correlations.

Numerical kick simulators that exist today are notoriously time and power-intensive, limiting their on-field utility. Our mechanistic model minimizes computation time through its simple, analytical form to describe kick migration. Our model offers another layer of novelty through the analytical, thermodynamic solubility modeling as opposed to empirical modeling sused by most of the current gas kick simulators.
An Integrated Approach to Quantify Reservoir Uncertainties for a Reliable Production Forecast and Faster Modelling Process for Offshore Field, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Alqallabi Salah , Abdulla Mohammed , Bahussain Esra , Al-Jenaibi Faisal , Parra Humberto , Shebl Hesham , Altaf Basit , Nehaid Hani , Fathy Amr , Al Mentheri Khawla
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the implementation of an integrated reservoir modeling approach that tightly connects and integrates different reservoir modeling disciplines. The approach allows the propagation of subsurface reservoir uncertainties across the various modelling domains, from seismic interpretation though to dynamic reservoir simulation and surface facilities modeling. The results achieved by this approach is a geologically consistent ensemble of runs (100 runs or more) that matches observed data and capable of predicting the future field performance under various development scenarios with a higher degree of reliability. Using an ensemble of runs that first honor the geological facies, as initially defined in the prior probability field, and subsequently updated by reservoir production behavior in the post probability field, enables the user to predict future field performance by allowing hydrocarbon recovery probabilities to be calculated, where the impact of subsurface reservoir uncertainties on prediction results and the possible risk in each development decision is estimated.

The field studied is located Offshore in Abu Dhabi and has four main, two secondary, and few minor stacked carbonate reservoirs. Available evidence indicates that the field's reservoirs are not in communication and this study focuses on the main and secondary units. The conceptual geological model proposes that all the zones are conformable, with no truncation or pinching, forming a layer cake depositional model in which reservoirs range in thickness, from few feet in thin zones, to tens of feet in thick zones. Over time the field has been affected by different tectonic stress regimes, resulting in complex strike slip faulting, extending vertically across all reservoirs.

Quantification of static and dynamic uncertainties together in the applied methodology is improving the team integration and common understanding for the field structural and geomodelling uncertainties and its impact on the dynamic model behavior for different reservoirs. The methodology has been tested where new drilled well data is included at different times and it showed an easy and quick update for the entire workflow from seismic to simulation. The model was calibrated to historical observed data using different geological uncertainties (structural, facies, geomodelling and dynamic uncertainties) which helped to achieve a geologically consistent and reliable models.
A Comprehensive Model for Acid Stimulation of Lower Completions
Authors: Mogensen Kristian , Edmonstone Graham
Published: November 2020

Long horizontal or highly deviated wells require lower completion liners to improve well and reservoir management of the carbonate reservoirs in ADNOC's portfolio. Optimum well productivity depends on effective stimulation post drilling. Traditionally, a complicating factor in a matrix-acid stimulation treatment has been poor control of the acid placement along the reservoir section to total depth (TD) without stage equipment or chemical diverters. The limited-entry liner (LEL) lower completion addresses the shortcomings of other stimulation techniques. It consists of a number of unevenly spaced holes with the purpose to distribute acid evenly along the reservoir section to be stimulated. ADNOC is planning to execute a series of pilots to test and possibly expand the operational envelope of the LEL technique.

Design of a the hole-size distribution requires a mathematical model, which accounts for the various pressure drops encountered in the system as well as the impact of the chemical reaction between acid and rock. In this work, we present a comprehensive algorithm for designing a hole-size distribution which yields a user-specified acid coverage and also provides the best possible wormhole penetration, subject to a number of constraints related to surface pressure, pump rate, and acid volume available. We make use of findings published over the past 15 years in the SPE literature to arrive at an enhanced design philosophy, which is appropriate for the carbonate reservoirs in ADNOC's portfolio.

The design model takes into account a number of important parameters, including fluid and reservoir properties, as well as completion information such as tubing ID, liner ID, and the LEL hole sizes. A check is made using nodal analysis software to ensure that the LEL completion does not act as a flow restriction during back-production.
Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Mamo Julian
Published: November 2020

Background Depression is a chronic non communicable disease. It is a growing public health concern with established links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level, establish the depression sub-population phenotypic characteristics while exploring for links between depression and a spectrum of glycemic abnormalities. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and phenotypic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression. Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. Those with known (as opposed to newly diagnosed) diabetes had the highest depression prevalence when compared to other glycemic sub-groups. These also exhibited a significant link with self-reported depression. However, at a population level, depression was mostly prevalent within the normoglycaemic sub-population. Conclusions The study confirms the strong link between diabetes and depression, especially, in a high risk dysglycaemic population. Of public health concern is the high depression occurrence within the normoglycaemic sub-population, which attributed for the majority of the Maltese population. In order to reduce the impact of mental health on the population, physicians may consider implementing depression screening clinical tools as part of their routine health check-ups at primary care level, irrespective of the glycaemic status of their patients.
Extraction of nuclei from archived post-mortem tissues for single-nucleus sequencing applications
Authors: Maitra Malosree , Nagy Corina , Wang Yu Chang , Nascimento Camila , Suderman Matthew , Théroux Jean-Francois , Mechawar Naguib , Ragoussis Jiannis , Turecki Gustavo
Published: November 2020

Single-cell and single-nucleus sequencing techniques are a burgeoning field with various biological, biomedical, and clinical applications. Numerous high and low-throughput methods have been developed for sequencing the RNA and DNA content of single cells. However, for all these methods the key requirement is high quality input of a single-cell or single-nucleus suspension. Preparing such a suspension is the limiting step when working with fragile, archived tissues of variable quality. This hurdle can prevent such tissues from being extensively investigated with single-cell technologies. We describe a protocol for preparing single-nucleus suspensions within the span of a few hours that reliably works for multiple post-mortem and archived tissues types using standard lab equipment. Moreover, these preparations are compatible with single-nucleus RNA-seq and ATAC-seq using the 10X Genomics’ Chromium system.
Specific immune modulation of experimental colitis drives enteric alpha-synuclein accumulation and triggers age-related Parkinson-like brain pathology
Authors: Grathwohl Stefan , Quansah Emmanuel , Maroof Nazia , Steiner Jennifer A , Spycher Liz , Benmansour Fethallah , Duran-Pacheco Gonzalo , Siebourg-Polster Juliane , Oroszlan-Szovik Krisztina , Remy Helga , Haenggi Markus , Stawiski Marc , Selhausen Matthias , Maliver Pierre , Wolfert Andreas , Emrich Thomas , Madaj Zachary , Su Arel , Galvis Martha L Escobar , Mueller Christoph , Herrmann Annika , Brundin Patrik , Britschgi Markus
Published: November 2020

Background : Intraneuronal accumulation of a-synuclein (αSyn) is key in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. The pathogenic process is suggested to begin in the enteric nervous system decades before diagnosis of PD and then propagate into the brain. The triggers for these events are unclear but, in some patients, colitis might play a critical role. Methods : We administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to assess the effect of different types of experimental colitis on αSyn accumulation in the gut of αSyn transgenic and wild type mice and quantified local gene expression by RT-PCR and level of αSyn accumulation by immunofluorescence imaging. Immune modulation during the DSS colitis paradigm in the αSyn transgenic mice included genetic ablation of Cx3cr1 or treatment with recombinant IL-10. To determine long-term effects of experimental colitis, we induced DSS colitis in young αSyn transgenic mice and aged them under normal conditions up to nine or 21 months before analyzing their brains by immunohistochemistry. In vivo experiments were performed in randomized cohorts. Blinded experimenters performed image analysis and statistical analysis depended on data type (i.e., Student’s t-test, ANOVA, mixed-effects model). Results : We demonstrate that mild sustained or one strong insult of experimental DSS colitis triggers αSyn accumulation in the submucosal plexus of wild type and αSyn transgenic mice, while short-term mild DSS experimental colitis or inflammation induced by LPS does not have such an effect. Lack of macrophage-related Cx3cr1-signalling during DSS colitis increases accumulation of αSyn in the colonic submucosal plexus of αSyn transgenic mice while systemic treatment with immune-dampening IL-10 ameliorates this phenomenon. Additionally, DSS colitis-induced αSyn accumulation in young αSyn transgenic mice persists for months and is exacerbated by lack of Cx3cr1-signaling. Remarkably, experimental colitis at three months of age exacerbates the accumulation of aggregated phospho-Serine 129 αSyn in the midbrain (including the substantia nigra), in 21- but not 9-month-old αSyn transgenic mice. This increase in midbrain αSyn accumulation is accompanied by the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nigral neurons. Conclusions : Our data suggest that specific types of intestinal inflammation, mediated by monocyte/macrophage signaling, could play a critical role in the initiation and progression of PD.
Assessment on knowledge, attitude, practices and risk of infection towards COVID-19 in Ethiopia: An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Benor Solomon , Abera Solomon , Mandefro Ayele , Konwarh Rocktotpal , Suresh Arumuganainar
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 has ushered in a catastrophe of an unprecedented scale across all parts of the world. Confirmed cases and death toll are constantly on an upward trend. Various measures to control the disease have been adopted globally including in Ethiopia. However, people’s adherence to such control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) during the pandemic. This cross-sectional online survey was therefore, conducted to appraise the KAP vis-a-vis COVID-19 containment strategy during May 13-25, 2020. The online survey questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics and interrogations, pertaining to knowledge (15 items), attitude (10 items) and practices (7 items), framed in accordance to previous studies. A total of 1,484 respondents completed the survey. The overall correct response rating and average score of the knowledge were 74.7 % and 11.2 ± 2.2 respectively. Maximum respondents (63 %) could be bracketed together with a moderate level on knowledge, attitudes while only 43 % had moderate level of practice, with significant difference across demographic variables. Despite the moderate level, the practices were not creditable as the registered values evinced that 1 out of 5 never wore nose mask, washed hands or maintained social distance. In a similar vein, 17.6 %, and 43.2 % of the respondents were in high and in medium risk of infection, respectively. Results of our study recommended the importance and need of health education programs aimed at improving KAP, especially the practices in the milieu of COVID-19.
Recurrent recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a COVID-19 patient
Authors: Cao Shugang , Wu Aimei , Li Jiaxia , Li Yuancheng , Xia Mingwu , Wu Juncang
Published: November 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease. A small proportion of discharged patients became positive again for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, even though they met the discharge criteria. Herein, we report a rare COVID-19 patient with recurrent recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA.Case presentation: A 68-year-old man was admitted due to fever, muscle pain, and fatigue. He was initially diagnosed with COVID-19 according to two consecutive positive results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. He was discharged from hospital when meeting the discharge criteria. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA twice during the quarantine and was hospitalized again. He was asymptomatic then, but IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 were both positive. He was discharged in the context of four consecutive negative test results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after antiviral treatment. However, he tested positive once again on the 3rd and 4th days after the second discharge. Two days later, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA results became negative in three consecutive retests, and he was finally discharged. Conclusion: This case suggests that convalescent patients may become positive again for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after discharge due to prolonged nucleic acid transition. However, the potential infectivity of these patients needs to be further confirmed in future research.
Seasonal Variation in the Onset of Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Rotator Cuff
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Yoshiyama Akira , Kamata Yusaku , Takahashi Masaaki , Morioka Hideo
Published: November 2020

Background Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs. However, factors that trigger calcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 195 patients (female, 116; male, 79; mean age, 62.6 ± 14.2 years; median age, 62 [52, 73] years) diagnosed with the postcalcification stage of calcific tendinitis, which was defined as acute calcific tendinitis in this study, between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. We evaluated the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels for each year.Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.4%), followed by spring (24.6%), autumn (24.1%), and winter (15.9%) (P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.4%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.1%) (P = 0.022). The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R2 = 0.066; P = 0.001) but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R2 = 0.018; P = 0.099).Conclusions This study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed.
Malaria distribution and performance of malaria diagnostic methods in Malaysia (1980-2019): a systematic review
Authors: Rahim Mohd Amirul Fitri A. , Munajat Mohd Bakhtiar , Id Zulkarnain Md
Published: November 2020

Background Malaysia has already achieved remarkable accomplishments in reaching zero indigenous human malaria cases in 2018. Prompt malaria diagnosis, surveillance and treatment played a key role in the country’s elimination success. Looking at the dynamics of malaria distribution during the last decades might provide important information regarding the potential challenges of such an elimination strategy. This study was performed to gather all data available in term of prevalence or incidence on Plasmodium infections in Malaysia over the last four decades. Methods A systematic review of the published English literature was conducted to identify malaria distribution from 1980 to June 2019 in Malaysia. Two investigators independently extracted data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Elsevier databases for original papers.Results The review identified 46 epidemiological studies in Malaysia over the 39-year study period, on which sufficient information was available. The majority of studies were conducted in Malaysia Borneo (31/46; 67.4%), followed by Peninsular Malaysia (13/46; 28.3%) and in both areas (2/46; 4.3%). More than half of all studies (28/46; 60.9%) were assessed by both microscopy and PCR. Furthermore, there was a clear trend of decreases of all human malaria species with increasing Plasmodium knowlesi incidence rate throughout the year of sampling period. The summary estimates of sensitivity were higher for P. knowlesi than other Plasmodium species for both microscopy and PCR. Nevertheless, the specificities of summary estimates were similar for microscopy (40 – 43%), but varied for PCR (2 – 34%).Conclusions This study outlined the epidemiological changes in Plasmodium species distribution in Malaysia. Malaria cases shifted from predominantly caused by human malaria parasites to simian malaria parasites, which accounted for the majority of indigenous cases particularly in Malaysia Borneo. Therefore, malaria case notification and prompt malaria diagnosis in regions where health services are limited in Malaysia should be strengthened and reinforced to achieving the final goal of malaria elimination in the country.
Depression in patients with knee osteoarthritis: risk factors and associations with joint symptoms
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Tu Liudan , Cicuttini Flavia , Zhu Zhaohua , Han Weiyu , Antony Benny , Wluka Anita E. , Winzenberg Tania , Aitken Dawn , Blizzard Leigh , Jones Graeme , Ding Changhai
Published: November 2020

Background: To describe demographic and clinical factors associated with the presence and incidence of depression and explore the temporal relationship between depression and joint symptoms in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: 397 participants were selected from a randomized controlled trial in people with symptomatic knee OA and vitamin D deficiency (age 63.3 ± 7.1 year, 48.6% female). Depression severity and knee joint symptoms were assessed using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), respectively, at baseline and 24 months. Results: The presence and incidence of depression was 25.4% and 11.2%, respectively. At baseline, having younger age, a higher body mass index (BMI), greater scores of WOMAC pain (PR: 1.05, 95%CI:1.03, 1.07), dysfunction (PR: 1.02, 95%CI:1.01, 1.02) and stiffness (PR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.09), lower education level, having more than one comorbidity and having two or more painful body sites were significantly associated with a higher presence of depression. Over 24 months, being female, having a higher WOMAC pain (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.09) and dysfunction score (RR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.03) at baseline and having two or more painful sites were significantly associated with a higher incidence of depression. In contrast, baseline depression was not associated with changes in knee joint symptoms over 24 months. Conclusion: Knee OA risk factors and joint symptoms, along with co-existing multi-site pain are associated with the presence and development of depression. This suggests that managing common OA risk factors and joint symptoms may be important for prevention and treatment depression in patients with knee OA.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01176344Anzctr.org.au identifier: ACTRN12610000495022
Clinical results of arthroscopic tight fibrous band release for adult moderate-to-severe gluteal fibrosis using anterior and posterior portals ： a retrospective analysis of 118 consecutive cases
Authors: Gao Shu Guang , Liu Wei-jie , Yang Ming , Li Jing-ping , Su Chao , Kuang Shi-da , Xiong Jie-peng , Chou Ke , He Zhi-yong , Li Liang-jun
Published: November 2020

Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic tight fibrous band release in the treatment of adult moderate-to-severe gluteal fibrosis using anterior and posterior portals during mid-term follow-up. Methods: The data of 138 patients (58 males, 80 females) aged between 18 and 42 years (mean, 28.6 years), presenting with bilateral moderate-to-severe gluteal fibrosis (GF) from October 2013 to August 2019, was retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent arthroscopic tight fibrous band release using anterior and posterior portals with radiofrequency energy. Under arthroscopic guidance through the posterior portal, we debrided the fatty tissue overlying the contracted band of the gluteal muscle and excised the contracted bands using a radiofrequency device introduced through the anterior portal. The pre- and post-operative gluteal muscle contracture disability (GD) scale and the patient satisfaction rate were compared to evaluate the curative effect of the operation. Results: The average operation time was 18 min (range, 10-30 min) and the average blood loss was 4 ml (range, 2-10 ml) for unilateral arthroscopic release. Two cases of post-operative minimal hematomas, 2 cases of bruising and 2 cases of local subcutaneous edema were observed as early complications and were cured by conservative treatment. After surgery, all incisions healed in stage I, and no other complications such as wound infection, nerve and blood vessel injury were detected. 118 patients were followed up for 6 to 72 months (mean, 36 months). No lateral instability of the hip was observed and all patients returned to normal gait. The degree of adduction of the hip joint in all these 118 patients was significantly improved relative to their pre-operative conditions. 115 patients (97.5%) were able to crouch with knees close to each other after surgery. 114 patients (96.6%) were able to cross the affected leg completely without any support. The GD scale was improved from 55.5±10.6 before operation to 90.1±5.2 at the last follow-up (p<0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 95.8%. Conclusion: Arthroscopic tight fibrous band release using anterior and posterior portals is minimally invasive for adult moderate-to-severe gluteal fibrosis, with a high success rate, quick recovery after surgery and reliable medium-term effect.
Genetic Determinants of Clinical Phenotype in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Velicki Lazar , Jakovljevic Djordje G , Preveden Andrej , Golubovic Miodrag , Bjelobrk Marija , Ilic Aleksandra , Stojsic Snezana , Barlocco Fausto , Tafelmeier Maria , Okwose Nduka , Tesic Milorad , Brennan Paul , Popovic Dejana , Ristic Arsen , MacGowan Guy A , Filipovic Nenad , Maier Lars S. , Olivotto Iacopo
Published: November 2020

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease that affects approximately one in 500 people. HCM is a recognized genetic disorder most often caused by mutations involving myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) and β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) which are responsible for approximately three-quarters of the identified mutations.Methods: As a part of the international multidisciplinary SILICOFCM project (www.silicofcm.eu) the present study evaluated the association between underlying genetic mutations and clinical phenotype in patients with HCM. Only patients with confirmed single pathogenic mutations in either MYBPC3 or MYH7 genes were included in the study and divided into two groups accordingly. The MYBPC3 group was comprised of 48 patients (76%), while the MYH7 group included 15 patients (24%). Each patient underwent clinical examination and echocardiography.Results: The most prevalent symptom in patients with MYBPC3 was dyspnea (44%), whereas in patients with MYH7 it was palpitations (33%). The MYBPC3 group had a significantly higher number of patients with a positive family history of HCM (46% vs. 7%; p=0.014). There was a numerically higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the MYH7 group (60% vs. 35%, p=0.085). Laboratory analyses revealed normal levels of creatinine (85.5±18.3 vs. 81.3±16.4 µmol/l; p=0.487) and blood urea nitrogen (10.2±15.6 vs. 6.9±3.9 mmol/l; p=0.472) which were similar in both groups. The systolic anterior motion presence was significantly more frequent in patients caring MYH7 mutation (33% vs. 10%; p=0.025), as well as mitral leaflet abnormalities (40% vs. 19%; p=0.039). Calcifications of mitral annulus were registered only in MYH7 patients (20% vs. 0%; p=0.001). The difference in diastolic function, i.e. E/e’ ratio between the two groups was also noted (MYBPC3 8.8±3.3, MYH7 13.9±6.9, p=0.079).Conclusions: Major findings of the present study corroborate the notion that MYH7 gene mutation patients are presented with more pronounced disease severity than those with MYBPC3.
Diabetic Retinopathy Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiao-Hong , Sun Bo , Zhong Shan , Wei Dong-Dong , Hong Ze , DONG Aiqiang
Published: November 2020

Background: The prognostic significance of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remained unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to assess whether DR predicted CVD mortality in diabetic patients.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for cohort studies reporting the association of DR and CVD mortality. Then we pooled the data for analysis.Results: After screening the literature, 10 eligible studies with 11,239 diabetic subjects were finally included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) of DR, mild DR, and severe DR for CVD mortality was 1.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42, 2.36; P < 0.001), 1.13 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.59; P = 0.46), and 2.26 (1.31, 3.91; P = 0.003), respectively, compared to those without DR. In type 2 DM, the patients with DR had a significantly higher CVD mortality (RR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.24; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also showed a significantly higher CVD mortality in DR according to various regions, study design, data source, and follow-up period (all RR > 1; all P values < 0.05). Data from 2 studies showed no significant correlation of DR and CVD mortality in diabetic patients receiving cardiovascular surgery (RR: 2.40; 95% CI: 0.63, 9.18; P = 0.200).Conclusions: DR is a risk marker of cardiovascular death, and severe DR predicts a doubled mortality of CVD in diabetes. These findings indicate the importance of early identification and management of diabetic patients with DR to reduce the risk of death.
Effect of toe exercises and toe-grip strength on the treatment of primary metatarsalgia
Authors: Amaha Kentaro , Arimoto Tatsuya , Kitamura Nobuto
Published: November 2020

Background: The relationship of metatarsalgia and toe function is poorly understood. We investigated the efficacy of toe exercises for the treatment of metatarsalgia. Methods: Forty-one (56 feet) metatarsalgia patients (mean age±SD: 63.4±10.6) underwent toe strength measurement. We recorded pre- and post-treatment VAS score, AOFAS score, marble pickup, single-leg standing time (SLST), and compared in two subgroups to evaluate impact of disease duration on treatment outcome. Results: Post treatment, toe plantarflexion strength improved (all p <0.01); VAS scores decreased ( p <0.01); AOFAS scores, marble pickup, and SLST improved (all p <0.01). Patients symptomatic for >1 year had significantly lower changes in VAS scores ( p <0.01). Multivariate analysis showed patients with longer disease duration and larger body mass index had significantly lower improvement in VAS scores ( p= 0.029 and p =0.036, respectively). Device consistency assessed by ICC was excellent (0.89–0.97).Conclusion: Toe function and metatarsalgia is improved by toe exercises, suggesting that they are closely related.