bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges for trustworthy autonomous vehicles: Let us learn from life
Authors: Hoppe Imke , Hagemann Willem , Stierand Ingo , Hahn Axel , Bolles André
Published: February 2024

Current surveys indicate limited public and individual trust in autonomous vehicles despite a long tradition to ensure their (technical) trustworthiness in informatics and systems engineering. To address this trust gap, this article explores the underlying reasons. The article elaborates on the gap between trust understood as a social phenomenon and, in contrast, the research tradition aimed at guaranteeing (technical) trustworthiness. It discusses to what extent those research traditions in the social sciences and humanities have been recognized and reflected in systems engineering research to date. Trust, according to the current state of research in the social sciences and humanities, heavily relies on individual assessments of an autonomous vehicle's abilities, benevolence and integrity. By contrast, technical trustworthiness is defined as the sum of intersubjective, measurable, technical parameters. They describe certain abilities or properties of a system, often according to respective technical standards and norms. This article places the “explainability” of autonomous systems in a bridging role. Explainability can help to conceptualize an integrative trust layer to communicate a system's abilities, benevolence and integrity. As such, explainability should respect the individual and situational needs of users, and should therefore be responsive. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that “learning from life” requires extensive interdisciplinary collaboration with neighboring research fields. This novel perspective on trustworthiness aligns existing research areas. It delves deeper into the conceptual “how”, dives into the intricacies and showcases (missing) interconnectedness in the state of research.
Explorations in scalar fermion theories: β-functions, supersymmetry and fixed points
Authors: Jack Ian , Osborn Hugh , Steudtner Tom
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Results for β-functions and anomalous dimensions in general scalar fermion theories are presented to three loops. Various constraints on the individual coefficients for each diagram following from supersymmetry are analysed. The results are used to discuss potential fixed points in the ε-expansion for scalar fermion theories, with arbitrary numbers of scalar fields, and where there are just two scalar couplings and one Yukawa coupling. For different examples the fixed points follow a similar pattern as the numbers of fermions is varied. For diagrams with subdivergences there are extensive consistency constraints arising from the existence of a perturbative a-function and these are analysed in detail. Further arbitrary scheme variations which preserve the form of β functions and anomalous dimensions in terms of 1PI diagrams are also discussed. The existence of linear and quadratic scheme invariants is demonstrated and the consistency condition are shown to be expressible in terms of these invariants.
Entanglement entropy along a massless renormalisation flow: the tricritical to critical Ising crossover
Authors: Rottoli Federico , Ares Filiberto , Calabrese Pasquale , Horváth Dávid X.
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We study the Rényi entanglement entropies along the massless renormalisation group flow that connects the tricritical and critical Ising field theories. Similarly to the massive integrable field theories, we derive a set of bootstrap equations, from which we can analytically calculate the twist field form factors in a recursive way. Additionally, we also obtain them as a non-trivial ‘roaming limit’ of the sinh-Gordon theory. Then the Rényi entanglement entropies are obtained as expansions in terms of the form factors of these branch point twist fields. We find that the form factor expansion of the entanglement entropy along the flow organises in two different kind of terms. Those that couple particles with the same chirality, and reproduce the entropy of the infrared Ising theory, and those that couple particles with different chirality, which provide the ultraviolet contributions. The massless flow under study possesses a global ℤ2 spin-flip symmetry. We further consider the composite twist fields associated to this group, which enter in the study of the symmetry resolution of the entanglement. We derive analytical expressions for their form factors both from the bootstrap equations and from the roaming limit of the sinh-Gordon theory.
Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to double J/ψ production at the B factories
Authors: Huang Xu-Dong , Gong Bin , Niu Rui-Chang , Yu Huai-Min , Wang Jian-Xiong
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we study the next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections for the process e+e− → J/ψ + J/ψ at the B factories. By including the NNLO corrections, the cross section turns negative due to the poor convergence of perturbative expansion. Consequently, to obtain a reasonable estimation for the cross section, the square of the amplitude up to NNLO is used. In addition, the contributions from the bottom quark and the light-by-light part, which are usually neglected, are also included. The final cross section is obtained as $$ {1.76}_{-1.66}^{+2.42} $$

1.76

−
1.66

+
2.42

fb at a center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 10.58 GeV. Our result for total cross section and differential cross section could be compared with precise experimental measurement in future at the B factories.
Consumers preferences food safety perceptions for beef – a cross-country comparison in the wake of COVID-19
Authors: Meixner Oliver , Haas Rainer , Imami Drini , Miftari Iliriana
Published: February 2024

Food safety is a pressing global concern, particularly in developing and emerging economies. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further heightened consumer attention towards food safety, quality, and maintaining a healthy diet. This study provides insights into consumer awareness and perceptions related to food safety and the origin of beef products, with a specific focus on the impact of COVID-19. It draws comparisons between emerging economies, specifically Albania and Kosovo, where significant food safety challenges exist, and a highly developed economy, Austria. To assess consumer preferences, a discrete choice experiment was conducted, aiming to gauge the significance of various product attributes and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for specific product features. The study’s findings revealed a strikingly strong sense of consumer patriotism across all surveyed countries. WTP estimates indicated a clear preference for domestically sourced food over imported alternatives. While the COVID-19 pandemic exerted a notable influence, its effects were generally contained. However, respondents from emerging economies perceived the pandemic’s impact to be more severe. Additionally, factors such as risk perception and risk acceptance played a role in shaping the importance of relevant product attributes in all the food markets examined in this study. Furthermore, distinct variations emerged between the countries concerning the importance of food safety standards. For instance, in Albania, the European Union (EU) food safety certificate holds higher utility compared to the national certificate, suggesting a potential lack of trust in national agencies. Notably, low trust in institutions, including those related to food safety, is a common issue in emerging and developing economies. This lack of trust, in turn, influences consumers’ perceptions of personal food safety, given that it is a credence attribute.
Exploring the nexus of nuclear receptors in hematological malignancies
Authors: Manickasamy Mukesh Kumar , Sajeev Anjana , BharathwajChetty Bandari , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Abbas Mohamed , Hegde Mangala , Aswani Babu Santha , Shakibaei Mehdi , Sethi Gautam , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B.
Published: February 2024

Hematological malignancies (HM) represent a subset of neoplasms affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic systems, categorized primarily into leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Their prognosis varies considerably, with a frequent risk of relapse despite ongoing treatments. While contemporary therapeutic strategies have extended overall patient survival, they do not offer cures for advanced stages and often lead to challenges such as acquisition of drug resistance, recurrence, and severe side effects. The need for innovative therapeutic targets is vital to elevate both survival rates and patients' quality of life. Recent research has pivoted towards nuclear receptors (NRs) due to their role in modulating tumor cell characteristics including uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis evasion, invasion and migration. Existing evidence emphasizes NRs' critical role in HM. The regulation of NR expression through agonists, antagonists, or selective modulators, contingent upon their levels, offers promising clinical implications in HM management. Moreover, several anticancer agents targeting NRs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This review highlights the integral function of NRs in HM's pathophysiology and the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting these receptors, suggesting a prospective avenue for more efficient therapeutic interventions against HM.

Graphical abstract
METTL16 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer tumorigenicity through m6A/YTHDC2/SCD1-regulated lipid metabolism
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Yaju , Meng Xiangshu , Wang Wenjing , Duan Feifan , Chen Shuya , Zhang Yukun , Sheng Zhiyong , Gao Yu , Zhou Lei
Published: February 2024

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) stands as the leading cancer type among endocrine malignancies, and there exists a strong correlation between thyroid cancer and obesity. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in the development of PTC remain unclear. In this study, it was demonstrated that the downregulation of METTL16 enhanced lipid metabolism and promoted the malignant progression of PTC. METTL16 was expressed at lower levels in PTC tissues because of DNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of its promoter. Loss- and gain-of-function studies clarified the effects of METTL16 on PTC progression. METTL16 overexpression increased the abundance of m6A in SCD1 cells, increasing RNA decay via the m6A reader YTHDC2. The SCD1 inhibitor A939572 inhibited growth and slowed down lipid metabolism in PTC cells. These results confirm the crucial role of METTL16 in restraining PTC progression through SCD1-activated lipid metabolism in cooperation with YTHDC2. This suggests that the combination of METTL16 and anti-SCD1 blockade might constitute an effective therapy for PTC.
Utilizing pyrolysis cleavage products from softwood kraft lignin as a substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resins for modifying different wood species
Authors: Karthäuser Johannes , Biziks Vladimirs , Roggatz Daniel , Militz Holger
Published: February 2024

Phenol-formaldehyde resins can be used for wood modification through an impregnation process and subsequent curing within the wood cell wall. Phenol is gained from non-renewable resources, and its substitution by renewable chemicals has been a research goal. A promising example for renewable phenol substituents are lignin-derived organic chemicals. Phenol-formaldehyde resins with such substitutions have been studied, however, knowledge of their application for wood modification is deficient. While there are attempts to modify pine and beech wood with this method, studies on other wood species are scarce. Considering the increasing use of different wood species in wood industry, determining the influence of the wood species on the modification quality is an important research goal. Therefore, in this study, vacuum-pressure impregnation of five wood species – Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver birch (Betula pendula), and European aspen sapwood (Populus tremula) – with phenol-formaldehyde resins is described. Here, up to 45% of the phenol in the synthetic resin is substituted by vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis cleavage products from commercial softwood kraft lignin. The solution uptake, weight% gain, leaching, and anti-swelling efficiency of the modified wood are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that up to 30% of the phenol can be substituted without significant decreases in the performance of the modification. The method gives comparable results for most of the wood species described herein, with exception of beech wood, for which the modification had a lower quality. The results could help to develop more environmentally friendly wood modification methods for several common European wood species.
Epidemiology of heart failure in diabetes: a disease in disguise
Authors: Hoek Anna G. , Dal Canto Elisa , Wenker Eva , Bindraban Navin , Handoko M. Louis , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J.
Published: February 2024

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) without symptoms, and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent the most common phenotypes of HF in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and are more common than HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in these individuals. However, diagnostic criteria for HF have changed over the years, resulting in heterogeneity in the prevalence/incidence rates reported in different studies. We aimed to give an overview of the diagnosis and epidemiology of HF in type 2 diabetes, using both a narrative and systematic review approach; we focus narratively on diagnosing (using the 2021 European Society of Cardiology [ESC] guidelines) and screening for HF in type 2 diabetes. We performed an updated (2016–October 2022) systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence and incidence of HF subtypes in adults ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes, using echocardiographic data. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched and data were assessed using random-effects meta-analyses, with findings presented as forest plots. From the 5015 studies found, 209 were screened using the full-text article. In total, 57 studies were included, together with 29 studies that were identified in a prior meta-analysis; these studies reported on the prevalence of LVSD (n=25 studies, 24,460 individuals), LVDD (n=65 studies, 25,729 individuals), HFrEF (n=4 studies, 4090 individuals), HFmrEF (n=2 studies, 2442 individuals) and/or HFpEF (n=8 studies, 5292 individuals), and on HF incidence (n=7 studies, 17,935 individuals). Using Hoy et al’s risk-of-bias tool, we found that the studies included generally had a high risk of bias. They showed a prevalence of 43% (95% CI 37%, 50%) for LVDD, 17% (95% CI 7%, 35%) for HFpEF, 6% (95% CI 3%, 10%) for LVSD, 7% (95% CI 3%, 15%) for HFrEF, and 12% (95% CI 7%, 22%) for HFmrEF. For LVDD, grade I was found to be most prevalent. Additionally, we reported a higher incidence rate of HFpEF (7% [95% CI 4%, 11%]) than HFrEF 4% [95% CI 3%, 7%]). The evidence is limited by the heterogeneity of the diagnostic criteria over the years. The systematic section of this review provides new insights on the prevalence/incidence of HF in type 2 diabetes, unveiling a large pre-clinical target group with LVDD/HFpEF in which disease progression could be halted by early recognition and treatment.

Registration PROSPERO ID CRD42022368035.

Graphical Abstract
Stochastic comparisons, differential entropy and varentropy for distributions induced by probability density functions
Authors: Crescenzo Antonio Di , Paolillo Luca , Suárez-Llorens Alfonso
Published: February 2024

Stimulated by the need of describing useful notions related to information measures, we introduce the ‘pdf-related distributions’. These are defined in terms of transformation of absolutely continuous random variables through their own probability density functions. We investigate their main characteristics, with reference to the general form of the distribution, the quantiles, and some related notions of reliability theory. This allows us to obtain a characterization of the pdf-related distribution being uniform for distributions of exponential and Laplace type as well. We also face the problem of stochastic comparing the pdf-related distributions by resorting to suitable stochastic orders. Finally, the given results are used to analyse properties and to compare some useful information measures, such as the differential entropy and the varentropy.
Weighted product of point clouds and simplicial complexes
Authors: Babu Archana , John Sunil Jacob , Thankachan Baiju
Published: February 2024

This paper extends the concept of weighted point clouds and weighted simplicial complexes by introducing product point clouds and product simplicial complexes within a commutative ring with unity. Within an integral domain, the introduction of a weighted product chain group, along with the induced product weighted homomorphism and weighted product boundary maps, leads to significant outcomes and findings. To explore the algebraic characteristics of a weighted product structure, we introduce the concept of weighted product homology. This homology considers the relationship of weights assigned to elements within the structure and their impact on the structure’s underlying algebraic properties.
Optimal design and analyzing the techno-economic-environmental viability for different configurations of an autonomous hybrid power system
Authors: Abdelsattar Montaser , Mesalam Abdelgayed , Fawzi Abdelrahman , Hamdan I.
Published: February 2024

In the present day, there is widespread acceptance of autonomous hybrid power systems (AHPSs) that rely on renewable energy sources (RESs), owing to their minimal adverse effects on the environment. This paper evaluates and compares three various AHPS configurations comprising photovoltaic (PV) modules, wind turbines (WTs), batteries, and diesel generators (DGs), using a recent optimization approach. A new optimizer 'Dandelion-Optimizer' (DO) is applied to tackle design problems. Real-time meteorological data from Siwa Oasis in northwest Egypt was utilized to determine an optimum design of system components for the purpose of providing sustainable power to this remote region. The system configurations are effectively modelled and optimized to achieve the minimum cost of energy (COE), while also minimizing the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As per the results, the last configuration (PV with both backup equipment) is the most optimal one in terms of the lowest cost, whereas the first configuration (PV and WT with both types of backup equipment) is the most optimal one with regards to the lowest carbon emissions.
Forensic profiling of smokeless powders (SLPs) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a systematic investigation into injector conditions and their effect on the characterisation of samples
Authors: Kesic Blake , McCann Niamh , Bowerbank Samantha L. , Standley Troy , Liechti Jana , Dean John R. , Gallidabino Matteo D.
Published: February 2024

Smokeless powders (SLPs) are composed of a combination of thermolabile and non-thermolabile compounds. When analysed by GC-MS, injection conditions may therefore play a fundamental role on the characterisation of forensic samples. However, no systematic investigations have ever been carried out. This casts doubt on the optimal conditions that should be adopted in advanced profiling applications (e.g. class attribution and source association), especially when a traditional split/splitless (S/SL) injector is used. Herein, a study is reported that specifically focused on the evaluation of the liner type (Ltype) and inlet temperature (Tinj). Results showed that both could affect the exhaustiveness and repeatability of the observed chemical profiles, with Ltype being particularly sensitive despite typically not being clarified in published works. Perhaps as expected, degradation effects were observed for the most thermolabile compounds (e.g. nitroglycerin) at conditions maximising the heat transfer rates (Ltype = packed and Tinj ≥ 200 °C). However, these did not seem to be as influential as, perhaps, suggested in previous studies. Indeed, the harshest injection conditions in terms of heat transfer rate (Ltype = packed and Tinj = 260 °C) were found to lead to better performances (including better overall %RSDs and LODs) compared to the mildest ones. This suggested that implementing conditions minimising heat-induced breakdowns during injection was not necessarily a good strategy for comparison purposes. The reported findings represent a concrete step forward in the field, providing a robust body of data for the development of the next generation of SLP profiling methods.

Graphical abstract
Charakterisierung der Vorhofflimmerlast mittels Wearables
Authors: Betz Konstanze , Linz Dominik , Duncker David , Hillmann Henrike A. K.
Published: February 2024

Die Charakterisierung von Vorhofflimmern (VHF) entsprechend der aktuellen Leitlinien bezieht sich kategorisch auf die Differenzierung zwischen paroxysmalem, persistierendem und permanentem VHF. Eine genauere Charakterisierung, auch mithilfe einer Evaluation der Vorhofflimmerlast, spielt sowohl in der Wissenschaft als auch im klinischen Alltag eine zunehmende Rolle. Wearables, insbesondere mit der Möglichkeit einer passiven (semi-)kontinuierlichen Aufzeichnung, können hier zur genaueren Quantifizierung beitragen. Primär bei Patient:innen mit bereits etablierter Vorhofflimmerdiagnose kann die Evaluation der Vorhofflimmerlast beispielsweise zur Erfolgskontrolle einer antiarrhythmischen Therapie, sei es medikamentös oder interventionell, eingesetzt werden. Offen bleiben jedoch noch wichtige Fragestellungen: Neben einer einheitlichen, evidenzbasierten Definition der Vorhofflimmerlast müssen auch klinisch relevante Cut-off-Werte sowie daraus resultierende therapeutische Konsequenzen (z. B. eines subklinischen Vorhofflimmerns) erarbeitet werden. Zudem sollte eine Etablierung und Evaluation von Versorgungsstrukturen zur Auswertung und klinischen Anwendung der Vorhofflimmerlast, insbesondere unter Einbezug von mittels Wearables erhobenen Daten, stattfinden.
The influence of MRI-based pelvimetric measurements in mother’s choice of delivery in fetal breech position
Authors: Ebeling Anna Elisabeth , Maschke Sabine Katharina , Holthausen-Markou Sophia , Steinkasserer Lena , Klapdor Rüdiger , Renz Diane , Meier Nina , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Hillemanns Peter , Brodowski Lars
Published: February 2024

Introduction

At term, about 3–4% of all singleton pregnancies present as breech. MRI-based pelvimetry is a valuable tool to support selection of adequate candidates for a trial-of-labor in women expecting term breech babies. Shared decision-making is playing an increasingly important role in obstetrics. Since the divergent existing knowledge of breech term delivery needs to be discussed with the pregnant woman, we examined the influence of MRI results on the shared decision-making process in women with term breech presentation.

Methods

Between 08/2021 and 12/2022, anamnestic and clinical parameters were collected from singleton pregnancies expecting term breech babies resulting in birth at the Hanover Medical School. After information, written consent and inclusion, clinical parameters, the course of birth and the maternal and fetal outcome were collected retrospectively. 32 women participated in a postpartum questionnaire study on inquiry. The subsequent acquisition of information and the arguments in the decision-making process were determined. In addition, the sense of security and self-determination was asked both before and during birth.

Results

50% of the respondents had not decided for a mode of delivery before having MRI pelvimetry. After imaging and information, about the own pelvic dimensions and predictors for a successful vaginal birth, 80% of this subgroup decided to give birth vaginally. Over 40% of the collective descripted that they made a decision based on the result of MRI pelvimetry. None of the women felt to be insecure after having talked about the MRI results. The elective cesarean section group and the group of those who delivered vaginally were approximately equally highly satisfied with their feeling of self-determination of the birth mode. Overall, the study population had a very positive birth experience. The group of women who had delivered by elective cesarean showed a wider range in their assessment and appeared to perceive the experience more negative than the group of women who had a vaginal birth or emergency cesarean. Fetal and maternal outcomes did not differ between the groups.

Discussion

MRT pelvimetry measurements can be used as a predictor for a successful vaginal breech delivery. The additional information obtained from the MRI measurements can be used in the shared decision-making process to decide more easily on the mode of delivery while improving women's awareness and safety. A balanced education on rare and frequently adverse events of vaginal delivery and cesarean section and patient expectations about labor processes must be taken into account.
Small cell osteosarcoma versus fusion-driven round cell sarcomas of bone: retrospective clinical, radiological, pathological, and (epi)genetic comparison with clinical implications
Authors: Hiemcke-Jiwa Laura S. , Sumathi Vaiyapuri P. , Baumhoer Daniel , Smetsers Stephanie E. , Haveman Lianne M. , van Noesel Max M. , van Langevelde Kirsten , Cleven Arjen H. G. , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , ter Horst Simone A. J. , Kester Lennart A. , Flucke Uta
Published: February 2024

Small cell osteosarcoma (SCOS), a variant of conventional high-grade osteosarcoma (COS), may mimic fusion-driven round cell sarcomas (FDRCS) by overlapping clinico-radiological and histomorphological/immunohistochemical characteristics, hampering accurate diagnosis and consequently proper therapy. We retrospectively analyzed decalcified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of 18 bone tumors primarily diagnosed as SCOS by methylation profiling, fusion gene analysis, and immunohistochemistry.

In eight cases, the diagnosis of SCOS was maintained, and in 10 cases it was changed into FDRCS, including three Ewing sarcomas (EWSR1::FLI1 in two cases and no identified fusion gene in the third case), two sarcomas with BCOR alterations (KMT2D::BCOR, CCNB3::BCOR, respectively), three mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (HEY1::NCOA2 in two cases and one case with insufficient RNA quality), and two sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcomas (FUS::CREBL3 and EWSR1 rearrangement, respectively).

Histologically, SCOS usually possessed more pleomorphic cells in contrast to the FDRCS showing mainly monomorphic cellular features. However, osteoid was seen in the latter tumors as well, often associated with slight pleomorphism. Also, the immunohistochemical profile (CD99, SATB2, and BCOR) overlapped.

Clinically and radiologically, similarities between SCOS and FDRCS were observed, with by imaging only minimal presence or lack of (mineralized) osteoid in most of the SCOSs.

In conclusion, discrimination of SCOS, epigenetically related to COS, versus FDRCS of bone can be challenging but is important due to different biology and therefore therapeutic strategies. Methylation profiling is a reliable and robust diagnostic test especially on decalcified FFPE material. Subsequent fusion gene analysis and/or use of specific immunohistochemical surrogate markers can be used to substantiate the diagnosis.
Synthesis and characterization of pyrrole-based group 4 PNP pincer complexes
Authors: Tomsu Gerald , Stöger Berthold , Kirchner Karl
Published: February 2024

The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of several group 4 metal complexes featuring a central anionic pyrrole moiety connected via CH2 linkers to two phosphine donors is described. Treatment of [P(NH)P-iPr] with [MCl4(THF)2] (M = Zr, Hf) in the presence of base yields the dimeric complexes [M(PNPiPr)(μ-Cl)(Cl)2]2 featuring two bridging chloride ligands. These complexes react with sodium cyclopentadienyl and SiMe3I to give the mononuclear complexes [M(PNPiPr)(η5-Cp)(Cl)2] and [M(PNPiPr)(I)3], respectively. The latter react with MeMgBr to form the trialkyl complexes [M(PNPiPr)(Me)3]. Upon treatment of [Ti(NMe2)4] with [P(NH)P-iPr] a complex with the general formula [Ti(PNPiPr)(NMe2)3] is obtained. DFT calculations revealed that the most stable species is [Ti(κ1N- PNPiPr)(NMe2)3] featuring a κ1N-bound PNP ligand. When [P(NH)P-iPr] is reacted with [Ti(NMe2)4] in CH2Cl2 complex [Ti(PNPiPr)(Cl)2(NMe2)] is formed. Treatment of a solution of [P(NH)P-iPr] and [Zr(NMe2)4] with SiMe3Br affords the anionic seven-coordinate tetrabromo complex [Zr(PNPiPr)(Br)4][H2NMe2]. The corresponding hafnium complex [Hf(PNPiPr)(Br)4][H2NEt2] is obtained in similar fashion by utilizing [Hf(NEt2)4] as metal precursor. All complexes are characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy. Representative complexes were also characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Graphical abstract
Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 46 (SPG46): new GBA2 variants in a large Italian case series and review of the literature
Authors: Cioffi Ettore , Coppola Gianluca , Musumeci Olimpia , Gallone Salvatore , Silvestri Gabriella , Rossi Salvatore , Piemonte Fiorella , D’Amico Jessica , Tessa Alessandra , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Casali Carlo
Published: February 2024

Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of central nervous system diseases primarily affecting the spinal upper motor neurons, with different inheritance patterns and phenotypes. SPG46 is a rare, early-onset and autosomal recessive HSP, linked to biallelic GBA2 mutations. About thirty families have been described worldwide, with different phenotypes like complicated HSP, recessive cerebellar ataxia or Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. Herein, we report five SPG46 patients harbouring five novel GBA2 mutations, the largest series described in Italy so far. Probands were enrolled in five different centres and underwent neurological examination, clinical cognitive assessment, column imaging for scoliosis assessment, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, GBA2 activity in peripheral blood cells and genetic testing. Their phenotype was consistent with HSP, with notable features like upper gaze palsy and movement disorders. We review demographic, genetic, biochemical and clinical information from all documented cases in the existing literature, focusing on the global distribution of cases, the features of the syndrome, its variable presentation, new potential identifying features and the significance of measuring GBA2 enzyme activity.
Real exchange rates and manufacturing exports in emerging economies: the role of sectoral heterogeneity and product complexity
Authors: Goda Thomas , Torres García Alejandro , Larrahondo Cristhian
Published: February 2024

The empirical evidence on the relationship between the real exchange rate and export performance in emerging economies is inconclusive. In this paper, we present evidence that one reason for this inconclusiveness is the use of real exchange rate (RER) measures that do not consider the heterogeneity between economic sectors. To this end, we calculate a unique sectoral bilateral RER index (SBRER) for 12 Latin American economies, which considers the variation of producer price differentials and bilateral nominal exchange rates across 21 manufacturing sectors and 38 trade partners between 2001–2018, and to estimate the effect of SBRER movements on manufacturing exports. The regression results show that the SBRER is a significant determinant of aggregate manufacturing exports, whereas the bilateral RER is not significant. Moreover, sectoral export elasticities indicate that mainly sectors with low levels of product complexity and, to a lesser extent, those of medium complexity are affected by RER movements. These findings show that it is important to consider sectoral heterogeneity when estimating RER export elasticities from a macroeconomic perspective.
Prioritizing river basins for nutrient studies
Authors: Tesoriero Anthony J. , Robertson Dale M. , Green Christopher T. , Böhlke J. K. , Harvey Judson W. , Qi Sharon L.
Published: February 2024

Increases in fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the environment have led to negative impacts affecting drinking water, eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Because of the importance, scale, and complexity of these issues, it may be useful to consider methods for prioritizing nutrient research in representative drainage basins within a regional or national context. Two systematic, quantitative approaches were developed to (1) identify basins that geospatial data suggest are most impacted by nutrients and (2) identify basins that have the most variability in factors affecting nutrient sources and transport in order to prioritize basins for studies that seek to understand the key drivers of nutrient impacts. The “impact” approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water and groundwater nutrient concentrations, sources of N and P, and potential impacts on receptors (i.e., ecosystems and human health). The “variability” approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water nutrient concentrations, factors affecting sources and transport of nutrients, model accuracy, and potential receptor impacts. One hundred and sixty-three drainage basins throughout the contiguous United States were ranked nationally and within 18 hydrologic regions. Nationally, the top-ranked basins from the impact approach were concentrated in the Midwest, while those from the variability approach were dispersed across the nation. Regionally, the top-ranked basin selected by the two approaches differed in 15 of the 18 regions, with top-ranked basins selected by the variability approach having lower minimum concentrations and larger ranges in concentrations than top-ranked basins selected by the impact approach. The highest ranked basins identified using the variability approach may have advantages for exploring how landscape factors affect surface-water quality and how surface-water quality may affect ecosystems. In contrast, the impact approach prioritized basins in terms of human development and nutrient concentrations in both surface water and groundwater, thereby targeting areas where actions to reduce nutrient concentrations could have the largest effect on improving water availability and reducing ecosystem impacts.
Entanglement and entropy in multipartite systems: a useful approach
Authors: Bernal A. , Casas J. A. , Moreno J. M.
Published: February 2024

Quantum entanglement and quantum entropy are crucial concepts in the study of multipartite quantum systems. In this work, we show how the notion of concurrence vector, re-expressed in a particularly useful form, provides new insights and computational tools for the analysis of both. In particular, using this approach for a general multipartite pure state, one can easily prove known relations in an easy way and to build up new relations between the concurrences associated with the different bipartitions. The approach is also useful to derive sufficient conditions for genuine entanglement in generic multipartite systems that are computable in polynomial time. From an entropy-of-entanglement perspective, the approach is powerful to prove properties of the Tsallis-2 entropy, such as the subadditivity, and to derive new ones, e.g., a modified version of the strong subadditivity which is always fulfilled; thanks to the purification theorem these results hold for any multipartite state, whether pure or mixed.
Estimating quantum mutual information through a quantum neural network
Authors: Shin Myeongjin , Lee Junseo , Jeong Kabgyun
Published: February 2024

We propose a method of quantum machine learning called quantum mutual information neural estimation (QMINE) for estimating von Neumann entropy and quantum mutual information, which are fundamental properties in quantum information theory. The QMINE proposed here basically utilizes a technique of quantum neural networks (QNNs), to minimize a loss function that determines the von Neumann entropy, and thus quantum mutual information, which is believed more powerful to process quantum datasets than conventional neural networks due to quantum superposition and entanglement. To create a precise loss function, we propose a quantum Donsker-Varadhan representation (QDVR), which is a quantum analog of the classical Donsker-Varadhan representation. By exploiting a parameter shift rule on parameterized quantum circuits, we can efficiently implement and optimize the QNN and estimate the quantum entropies using the QMINE technique. Furthermore, numerical observations support our predictions of QDVR and demonstrate the good performance of QMINE.
Spatial Comprehensive Well-Being Composite Indicators Based on Bayesian Latent Factor Model: Evidence from Italian Provinces
Authors: Montorsi Carlotta , Gigliarano Chiara
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes spatial comprehensive composite indicators to evaluate the well-being levels and ranking of Italian provinces with data from the Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being dashboard. We use a method based on Bayesian latent factor models, which allow us to include spatial dependence across Italian provinces, quantify uncertainty in the resulting estimates, and estimate data-driven weights for elementary indicators. The results reveal that our data-driven approach changes the resulting composite indicator rankings compared to those produced by traditional composite indicators’ approaches. Estimated social and economic well-being is unequally distributed among southern and northern Italian provinces. In contrast, the environmental dimension appears less spatially clustered, and its composite indicators also reach above-average levels in the southern provinces. The time series of well-being composite indicators of Italian macro-areas shows clustering and macro-areas discrimination on larger territorial units.
What Lies Behind Perceptions of Corruption? A Cultural Approach
Authors: Dipierro Anna Rita , Rella Angela
Published: February 2024

Countries’ resource-base goes also through the Quality of Government, in terms of hidden institutional defects. A long-strand of literature delved into the institutional integrity distortions, with a special focus on corruption. Our study addresses this topic, by proposing a theoretical framework that has its roots in the Expectancy-Disconfirmation Model to conceptually visualize the role of culture in shaping expectations related to the presence of corruption in governmental performance. The research empirically explores whether and how culture, operationalized by means of the whole set of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, affects perceived corruption. The latter is measured through the Bayesian Corruption Index, favoured over the alternatives, and ought to deserve wider use. Over 142 countries worldwide, a cross-sectional econometric analysis shows that societies characterized by more power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and less individualism score worse in terms of perceived corruption. Findings provide implications for policy-makers and society, as well as for researchers adding light upon the relevance of cultural values to change the perspective about the course of history.
Multiple Probe Measurements at Uranus Motivated by Spatial Variability
Authors: Wong Michael H. , Rowe-Gurney Naomi , Markham Stephen , Sayanagi Kunio M.
Published: February 2024

A major motivation for multiple atmospheric probe measurements at Uranus is the understanding of dynamic processes that create and maintain spatial variation in thermal structure, composition, and horizontal winds. But origin questions—regarding the planet’s formation and evolution, and conditions in the protoplanetary disk—are also major science drivers for multiprobe exploration. Spatial variation in thermal structure reveals how the atmosphere transports heat from the interior, and measuring compositional variability in the atmosphere is key to ultimately gaining an understanding of the bulk abundances of several heavy elements. We review the current knowledge of spatial variability in Uranus’ atmosphere, and we outline how multiple probe exploration would advance our understanding of this variability. The other giant planets are discussed, both to connect multiprobe exploration of those atmospheres to open questions at Uranus, and to demonstrate how multiprobe exploration of Uranus itself is motivated by lessons learned about the spatial variation at Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune. We outline the measurements of highest value from miniature secondary probes (which would complement more detailed investigation by a larger flagship probe), and present the path toward overcoming current challenges and uncertainties in areas including mission design, cost, trajectory, instrument maturity, power, and timeline.
Relative Norm Alignment for Tackling Domain Shift in Deep Multi-modal Classification
Authors: Planamente Mirco , Plizzari Chiara , Peirone Simone Alberto , Caputo Barbara , Bottino Andrea
Published: February 2024

Multi-modal learning has gained significant attention due to its ability to enhance machine learning algorithms. However, it brings challenges related to modality heterogeneity and domain shift. In this work, we address these challenges by proposing a new approach called Relative Norm Alignment (RNA) loss. RNA loss exploits the observation that variations in marginal distributions between modalities manifest as discrepancies in their mean feature norms, and rebalances feature norms across domains, modalities, and classes. This rebalancing improves the accuracy of models on test data from unseen (“target”) distributions. In the context of Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA), we use unlabeled target data to enhance feature transferability. We achieve this by combining RNA loss with an adversarial domain loss and an Information Maximization term that regularizes predictions on target data. We present a comprehensive analysis and ablation of our method for both Domain Generalization and UDA settings, testing our approach on different modalities for tasks such as first and third person action recognition, object recognition, and fatigue detection. Experimental results show that our approach achieves competitive or state-of-the-art performance on the proposed benchmarks, showing the versatility and effectiveness of our method in a wide range of applications.
The use of XR technology in criminological research: a scoping review
Authors: van Sintemaartensdijk Iris , Meenaghan Amy
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Criminology has begun to use virtual reality (VR) as a tool to understand criminal behaviour. There have been many advances in VR that open up the possibility of novel research designs, in addition to the inclusion of augmented reality (AR) as a potential research tool. A review of the efficacy of the use of AR and VR (together known as XR) within criminology is now required to guide the further development of this field.

Methods

We employed a scoping review, which after screening, incorporated 41 papers for review.

Results

We uncovered three important characteristics for the papers: research topics for which XR is employed, the prominence of VR research over AR and XR and methodological rigour. VR is mostly employed for creating scenarios, in particular in research on memory and aggression. Studies vary greatly in their use of interaction within VR scenes, description of technical specifications and sample sizes.

Conclusions

Despite the identification of some methodological limitations in the existing literature, VR has found its place in criminological research. With technological advancement, AR may also find its place in the future, allowing for the ongoing development of research applications. Creating comprehensive guidelines on how to use XR technology in criminology remains necessary.
Soil quality in the urban gardens of Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Dondini Cosimo , Úbeda Xavier , Certini Giacomo , Francos Marcos
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Urban agriculture is expanding worldwide and is being promoted by the FAO as a strategic activity because of its environmental, socio-economic, and educational benefits for citizens. In Spain, it is estimated that there are more than 20,000 urban gardens. There are many variables to take into account when starting to cultivate an urban garden, among which the quality of the soil is crucial. Nevertheless, some studies have shown high levels of contamination in soils dedicated to urban horticulture. The sources of contamination can be various, such as previous unrecognized management and irrigation with poor quality water, or the addition of polluted compost and other soil improvers. Soil contamination can migrate to vegetables and fruits, thus entering the food chain.

Materials and methods

In this study, we analyzed the soils from ten urban gardens in the city of Barcelona, with a special focus on possible contaminants. Based on the possibility that irrigation water is a source of pollution, this was also analyzed in all investigated gardens.

Results and discussion

Some of the waters analyzed for irrigation have a high concentration of salts, and a few of them contain nitrites, which are listed as a pollutant. The dominant texture of the soils was sandy clay loam and loamy sand, the pH was generally high, between 7.87 and 8.41, clearly carbonated, with Ca generally being the dominant exchangeable cation, but without the risk of a high percentage of active carbonates that could make it difficult to grow vegetables. The content in organic matter was very variable, but in all cases it appeared to be potentially incrementable. The three tests used to check possible soil contamination from heavy metals, do not attest to significant pollution.

Conclusions

The soil quality overall is suitable for growing vegetables and allowing growers to work in these areas in complete safety. Although it would be necessary to analyze also other toxic elements, not considered in this study, some of the measured ones could come from the gases of road transport or even from the port of Barcelona.
Warum wir eine gemeinwohlorientierte Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft brauchen
Authors: Arslan Sevda Can
Published: February 2024

Inspiriert von aktuellen Debatten über einen engeren Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft, gehe ich in diesem Aufsatz zunächst der Frage nach, welche Formen des Austauschs zwischen Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft und Gesellschaft in der Breite unseres Fachs reflektiert werden.

Um diese Forschungsfrage zu beantworten, führe ich eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse von 81 Texten der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, der Publizistik und SCM sowie der aviso durch.

Die Analyse ergibt, dass

vor allem Wissenstransfer und Lehre häufig und meist zustimmend reflektiert werden,

während einige Formen des Austauschs wie z. B. Wissenschaftspopularisierung und Scitainment bisher selten oder gar nicht reflektiert werden

und öffentlichkeitsorientierte Formen des Austauschs selten, aber kontrovers reflektiert werden.

Aus der kritischen Diskussion der Ergebnisse entwickle ich ein ganzheitliches Verständnis des Austauschs zwischen Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft und Gesellschaft. Angesichts der multiplen Krisen der Gegenwart schlage ich eine gemeinwohlorientierte Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft vor. In diesem idealtypischen Verständnis werden drei Dimensionen des Austauschs mit der Gesellschaft integriert

normative Dimension: Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ist kritisch gegenüber Gesellschaft,

formale Dimension: Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft geht in Austausch mit Gesellschaft und

konditionale Dimension: Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft nimmt sich ihrer Bedingungen in der Gesellschaft an.