bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Microstructure and Macrostructure Narrative Skills of Bilingual Adolescents in Relation to Their Language Experience
Authors: del Carmen Perez Cecilia , Pratt Amy S. , Rodriguez Erin M. , Peña Elizabeth D.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Narratives have been a useful tool for evaluating language skills in young bilingual children. This study extends that work to bilingual adolescents by (a) describing their narrative skills and (b) evaluating the role of current language experience on measures of narrative micro- and macrostructure across Spanish and English.

Method:

Sixty-five Spanish–English bilingual adolescents, ages 10–15 years, were administered the Test of Narrative Language (TNL) in English and Spanish. Language samples were transcribed and coded for elements of narrative microstructure. Parents provided information about participants' current language experience.

Results:

Means and standard deviations were reported for microstructure composites, TNL comprehension subtests, and TNL production subtests in Spanish and English. Findings showed differential effects of current English experience on narrative performance across Spanish and English, such that experience significantly explained 12%, 10%, and 20% of the variance in participants' microstructure scores, narrative comprehension, and narrative production in Spanish, respectively. Language experience was unrelated to performance across all English narrative measures.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that continued use of Spanish may be important for bilinguals' maintenance of the home language during adolescence, particularly on narrative tasks that require bilinguals to produce Spanish. However, experience is insufficient to explain the variability in bilinguals' narrative skills across Spanish and English.
Hearing Loss in Children: Critical Medical Education Delivered as Massive Open Online Course
Authors: Raven Sarah A. , Mott Nicole M. , Ibrahim Nadine I. , Cole Crystal A. , Munzer Tiffany G. , Handelsman Jaynee , Vereb Anita F. , Hashikawa Andrew N. , Bohm Lauren A.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Although early identification of pediatric hearing loss is crucial, a formal online training course has not been freely accessible to a global audience. In response, we created a novel course for health professionals worldwide.

Method:

Course development occurred from February 2019 to May 2020. Seventeen multidisciplinary experts provided video lectures and demonstrations, including a tour of ear anatomy, operating footage of cochlear implant insertion, and demonstrations of children undergoing hearing testing. Content also included steps for interpreting audiograms, an overview of early screening programs, interviews with deaf/hard of hearing children, and an introduction to public health/educational infrastructure. The course was hosted on Coursera and launched on May 4, 2020.

Results:

The course was approved for 11.5 Continuing Medical Education and American Board of Pediatrics Maintenance of Certification–Part 2 credits and spanned five modules composed of 50 video learning segments: (a) Ear Anatomy, (b) Hearing Loss and Assessments, (c) Hearing Loss Diagnosis and Impact on Speech and Language Development, (d) Interventions for Hearing Loss, and (e) Pediatric Vestibular System and Balance. Since its launch, 6,556 learners have enrolled and 1,540 have fully completed the course: 50% were 25–34 years old, 62% were women, and 43% were from Asia. Average rating was 4.9/5 (
n
= 180 reviews).

Conclusions:

We created a freely accessible course for a global audience that provides a broad overview of pediatric hearing loss. Our multidisciplinary approach addresses an educational gap and can serve as a model for developing other online courses.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23929650
Active and reactive power coordinated optimization of active distribution networks considering dynamic reconfiguration and SOP
Authors: Li Chen , Dai Yao , Wang Peng , Xia Shiwei
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a day‐ahead active and reactive power coordinated optimization strategy for active distribution networks (ADNs) with dynamic reconfiguration and soft open point (SOP) is proposed. Firstly, the model of dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks and SOP are established. Afterward, the day‐ahead active and reactive power coordinated optimization model of ADNs is established to minimize ADNs daily operation cost with consideration of the operation constraints of distributed generation, reactive power compensation equipment, dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks and SOP. Then the model is converted into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming problem by using the Big‐M method and the second‐order cone relaxation and afterward is solved by YALMIP and CPLEX. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed second‐order cone optimization model is validated by a modified IEEE 33‐node power distribution network.
A diversified portfolio of tokenised revenue streams can provide hedging opportunities for renewable electricity generators
Authors: de Villiers Almero , Byrne Julie , Cuffe Paul
Published: August 2023

The revenue streams of renewable energy generators are subject to both price and volumetric risks, owing to the variable nature of weather patterns. This negatively impacts viability of the generation projects. Blockchain‐based decentralised finance methods may present new means for generators to hedge against such volatility. Tokenised revenue streams (RevToks) as a novel tool for electrical generators is proposed. By holding a RevTok, a participant can directly claim a portion of that generator's revenue. To articulate how such exotic financial arrangements may benefit renewable generators, a case study market simulation is performed. Generators can trade RevToks to diversify their cash flows, decreasing their variance and thus overall risk exposure. The simulation uses Multiportfolio Theory — an extension of Modern Portfolio Theory — to optimise the RevTok holdings of all generators simultaneously. Examining the results show that RevTok trades occur between generators of varying technology and remuneration schema. By trading RevToks amongst themselves, all generators achieve far less volatile revenue streams, while maintaining constant expected revenues. Thus, the RevTok paradigm potentially offers improved revenue hedging when compared to established methods for energy firms. Results show that implementing such a blockchain‐based arrangement for existing central pool operators unlocks downstream opportunities for renewable generators.
Deep optical imaging of star-forming blue early-type galaxies
Authors: George Koshy
Published: August 2023

Blue early-type galaxies with galaxy-scale ongoing star formation are interesting targets in order to understand the stellar mass buildup in elliptical and S0 galaxies in the local Universe. We study the star-forming population of blue early-type galaxies to understand the origin of star formation in these otherwise red and dead stellar systems. The legacy survey imaging data taken with the dark energy camera in the g, r, and z bands for 55 star-forming blue early-type galaxies were examined, and g − r color maps were created. We identified low surface brightness features near 37 galaxies, faint-level interaction signatures near 15 galaxies, and structures indicative of recent merger activity in the optical color maps of all 55 galaxies. These features are not visible in the shallow Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging data in which these galaxies were originally identified. Low surface brightness features found around galaxies could be remnants of recent merger events. The star-forming population of blue early-type galaxies could be post-merger systems that are expected to be the pathway for the formation of elliptical galaxies. We hypothesize that the star-forming population of blue early-type galaxies is a stage in the evolution of early-type galaxies. The merger features will eventually disappear, fuel for star formation will cease, and the galaxy will move to the passive population of normal early-type galaxies.
How much large dust could be present in hot exozodiacal dust systems?
Authors: Stuber T. A. , Kirchschlager F. , Pearce T. D. , Ertel S. , Krivov A. V. , Wolf S.
Published: August 2023

Context. An infrared excess over the stellar photospheric emission of main-sequence stars has been found in interferometric surveys, commonly attributed to the presence of hot exozodiacal dust (HEZD). While submicrometer-sized grains in close vicinity to their host star have been inferred to be responsible for the found near-infrared excesses, the presence and amount of larger grains as part of the dust distributions are weakly constrained.

Aims. We quantify how many larger grains (above-micrometer-sized) could be present in addition to submicrometer-sized grains, while being consistent with observational constraints. This is important in order to distinguish between various scenarios for the origin of HEZD and to better estimate its observational appearance when observed with future instruments.

Methods. We extended a model suitable to reproduce current observations of HEZD to investigate a bimodal size distribution. By deriving the characteristics of dust distributions whose observables are consistent with observational limits from interferometric measurements in the K and N bands we constrained the radii of sub- and above-micrometer-sized grains as well as their mass, number, and flux density ratios.

Results. In the most extreme cases of some of the investigated systems, large grains ≳10 µm might dominate the mass budget of HEZD while contributing up to 25 % of the total flux density originating from the dust at a wavelength of 2.13 µm and up to 50 % at a wavelength of 4.1 µm; at a wavelength of 11.1 µm their emission might clearly dominate over the emission of small grains. While it is not possible to detect such hot-dust distributions using ALMA, the ngVLA might allow us to detect HEZD at millimeter wavelengths.

Conclusions. Large dust grains (above-micrometer-sized) might have a more important impact on the observational appearance of HEZD than previously assumed, especially at longer wavelengths.
The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey: The spectroscopic measurements catalogue
Authors: Talia M. , Schreiber C. , Garilli B. , Pentericci L. , Pozzetti L. , Zamorani G. , Cullen F. , Moresco M. , Calabrò A. , Castellano M. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Guaita L. , Marchi F. , Mascia S. , McLure R. , Mignoli M. , Pompei E. , Vanzella E. , Bongiorno A. , Vietri G. , Amorín R. O. , Bolzonella M. , Carnall A. C. , Cimatti A. , Cresci G. , Cristiani S. , Cucciati O. , Dunlop J. S. , Fontanot F. , Franzetti P. , Gargiulo A. , Hamadouche M. L. , Hathi N. P. , Hibon P. , Iovino A. , Koekemoer A. M. , Mannucci F. , McLeod D. J. , Saldana-Lopez A.
Published: August 2023

VANDELS is a deep spectroscopic survey, performed with the VIMOS instrument at VLT, aimed at studying in detail the physical properties of high-redshift galaxies. VANDELS targeted ~2100 sources at 1 < z < 6.5 in the CANDELS Chandra Deep-Field South (CDFS) and Ultra-Deep Survey (UDS) fields. In this paper, we present the public release of the spectroscopic measurement catalogues from this survey, featuring emission and absorption line centroids, fluxes, and rest-frame equivalent widths obtained through a Gaussian fit, as well as a number of atomic and molecular indices (e.g. Lick) and continuum breaks (e.g. D4000), and including a correction to be applied to the error spectra. We describe the measurement methods and the validation of the codes that were used.
Spectral break of the density power spectrum in solar wind turbulence
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Narita Y. , Nakamura R. , Vörös Z.
Published: August 2023

We use density measurements deduced from spacecraft potential to study the power spectral density (PSD) of compressive fluctuations in the solar wind. Typically, plasma measurements do not have a sufficiently high time resolution to resolve density fluctuations down to ion kinetic scales. However, the calibrated spacecraft potential allows for much higher time resolutions to resolve the spectral break between ion inertial and kinetic ranges. We used fast-survey mode data from Magnetospheric MultiScale when the spacecrafts were in the pristine solar wind. The density spectra’s morphology differs from the trace magnetic field fluctuations, with a flattening often occurring between inertial and kinetic ranges. We find that the spectral break of the trace magnetic field fluctuations occurs near the expected frequency for cyclotron resonance or magnetic reconnection. Meanwhile, the spectral break at the start of the ion kinetic range for density fluctuations is often at a higher frequency when compared to the trace magnetic field. We discuss possible interpretations for these observations.
Reversing the verdict: Cataclysmic variables could be the dominant progenitors of AM CVn binaries after all
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Schreiber Matthias R.
Published: August 2023

Context.AM CVn binaries are potential progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae and strong sources of persistent gravitational wave radiation. For a long time, it has been believed that these systems cannot descend from cataclysmic variables (CVs), at least not in large numbers, because the initial conditions need to be fine-tuned and, even worse, the resulting surface hydrogen abundance would be high enough to be detected which contradicts a defining feature of AM CVn binaries.

Aims.Here we show that both claimed weaknesses of the CV formation channel for AM CVn binaries are model-dependent and rely on poorly constrained assumptions for magnetic braking.

Methods.We performed binary evolution simulations with the MESA code for different combinations of post-common-envelope white dwarf and companion masses as well as orbital periods assuming the CARB model for strong magnetic braking.

Results.We found that AM CVn binaries with extremely-low surface hydrogen abundances are one natural outcome of CV evolution if the donor star has developed a non-negligible helium core prior to the onset of mass transfer. In this case, after hydrogen envelope exhaustion during CV evolution, the donor becomes degenerate and its surface hydrogen abundance substantially drops and becomes undetectable. Our simulations also show that the CV formation channel is able to explain the observed AM CVn binaries with very low mass and bloated donor stars (Gaia14aae and ZTF J1637+49).

Conclusions.CVs with evolved donors are likely the progenitors of at least a fraction of AM CVn binaries.
Dynamics of supermassive black hole triples in the ROMULUS25 cosmological simulation
Authors: Koehn H. , Just A. , Berczik P. , Tremmel M.
Published: August 2023

For a pair of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the remnant of a dual galaxy merger, well-known models exist to describe their dynamical evolution until the final coalescence accompanied by the emission of a low-frequency gravitational wave signal. In this article, we investigate the dynamical evolution of three SMBH triple systems recovered from the ROMULUS25 cosmological simulation to explore common dynamical evolution patterns and assess typical coalescence times. For this purpose, we construct initial conditions from the ROMULUS25 data and perform high-resolution gravitodynamical N-body simulations. We track the orbital evolution from the galactic inspiral to the formation of hard binaries at sub-parsec separation and use the observed hardening rates to project the time of coalescence. In all cases, the two heaviest black holes form an efficiently hardening binary that merges within fractions of the Hubble time. The lightest SMBH either gets ejected, forms a stable hierarchical triple system with the heavier binary, forms a hardening binary with the previously merged binary’s remnant, or remains on a wide galactic orbit. The coalescence times of the lighter black holes are thus significantly longer than for the heavier binary, as they experience lower dynamical friction and stellar hardening rates. We observe the formation of hierarchical triples when the density profile of the galactic nucleus is sufficiently steep.
Application of professor D. Lobshire’s geomechanical classification for in-depth zoning of the board of the Amantaytau mine
Authors: Nazarov Zair , Jiyanov Abdunor , Sharipov Lazizjon , Buriyev Shukurulla , Sunnatulloev Shokirjon
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the physical and mechanical properties, structural disturbance, and stress-strain state of the rock mass in the Amantaytau deposit, situated in the southwestern part of the Muruntau ore field. The geomechanical classification rating (MRMR), as proposed by Prof. D. Lobshir, is employed to evaluate the geomechanical state and establish a zoning framework for the deposit’s quarry in terms of depth. Furthermore, preliminary recommendations for stable slope angles are provided as an initial approximation based on the conducted investigations. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the geomechanical characteristics of the Amantaytau deposit and offer valuable insights for optimizing slope stability in quarrying operations.
Research on the choice of the composition of the leaching solution during the extraction of gold by the method of underground leaching from used uranium wells
Authors: Alikulov Shukhrat , Babayev Sharofjon , Alimov Mekhrikul , Yuldoshev Alisher , Sharopov Kodirjon
Published: August 2023

The use of sodium hypochlorite and thiourea as reagents-solvents for extracting gold from spent uranium deposits by underground leaching was determined as optimal based on the laboratory experiments. Activated carbon of the AG-3 grade has been determined as the most effective for gold extraction from the productive solution. Qualitative parameters of underground leaching, lithology thickness, planar and cross-sectional shapes, as well as filtration properties of wells along with infiltration flow irrigation zones have been established through bench-scale testing. A new model of solution filtration by high-pressure and free flooding onto the reservoir has been developed using the results obtained.
Classification of systems for opening reserves beyond the limit contour of the quarry of upland deposits
Authors: Tadjiev Shukhrat , Kobilov Olimjon , Sharopov Erkinjon , Choriyorov Jurabek , Bahriddinov Abdugoffor
Published: August 2023

The article considers the systems of opening the contiguous reserves of upland deposits and develops their classification. Proposed classification takes into account the development of both portside and sub-quarry reserves in an open-underground way using the quarry space. Opening workings of sub-quarry reserves are carried out outside the boundaries of the quarry.
Algorithm for applying regression analysis to determine the concentration of the main component in mineral raw materials by X-ray fluorescence method
Authors: Kovalev Igor , Gruzenkin Denis , Juraeva Malokhat , Gafforov Alisher , Podoplelova Valeria , Borovinsky Dmitry
Published: August 2023

X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is currently in high demand in such branches of science and technology as metallurgy and geology. Today, it is important to create such methods of X-ray fluorescence analysis that would provide high accuracy of the results obtained along with a short execution time. The basic work is a technique, the essence of which is the use of regression analysis to determine the content of gold, as the main component in jewelry alloys. The technique uses a training sample that contains correlated radiation intensities of sample components with their gold content, determined by the assay method of analysis. In this paper, it is proposed to apply a similar approach to the analysis of mineral raw materials. Raw materials from the same deposit may have a similar composition, which allows you to collect enough statistical data to apply regression analysis. The paper proposes an enlarged algorithm for the development of such methods of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Such methods are of limited use, since they depend on the representativeness of the training sample and therefore can only be used to analyze materials of the same type, but their strengths are high accuracy and low time costs.
The study of the biological effectiveness of the “AKARAGOLD 72% em.k.” drug for solving problems of environmental protection
Authors: Bektemirov Azizbek , Soliev Makhammadjon
Published: August 2023

This article describes the results of studying the biological effectiveness of the “Akaragold 72% em.k” chemical protection agent against the spider mite. It is an insect pest of agricultural crops, in particular, cotton. In addition to describing the biological effectiveness of the drug, the procedure for applying this chemical agent to the treated areas is also presented. It was found that the biological effectiveness of the AKARAGOLD 72% em.k. drug in the tested consumption rate of 0.3-.05 l/ha, it reaches the value of the accepted criterion for a positive evaluation of the drug for the control of spider mites on cotton crops, by the 3rd and 7th day after the treatment of plants. As a result of the research, the composition of the most effective, low-toxic and fast-acting new drug against the spider mite pest, the method of its application and norms have been developed. Thanks to this, practical results were obtained in obtaining a bountiful cotton harvest, saving natural resources and improving environmental efficiency.
Modeling of competitive sorption of uranium by the BO020 anion-exchange resin
Authors: Eshonova Gulnoza , Razhabboev Ibodulla , Kadirova Zukhra , Daminova Shakhlo , Koldarov Albert , Atamuratova Malokhat , Sharafutdinov Ulugbek
Published: August 2023

The aim of this report is to focus on competitive sorption of strongly basic anion-exchange resin (BO020) in model solutions similar to on-site sulfuric acid solutions obtained by leaching the Uch-Kuduk deposit ores. The BO020 resin was applied to a modeling study of the uranium and competitive ions sorption in sulfuric acid solutions at pH = 1.2 and a concentration of 7 g/l of sulfate ions. The chemical composition of the salt solution after sulfuric acid ore leaching was as follows: U6+ - 0.1-0.5 g/L; Fe3+ - 0.07-0.7 g/L , Fe2+ - 0.07- 0.7 g/L; SO42- - 7.0 - 13.0 g/L; P5+ - 0.08-0.2 g/L; Cl- - 0.15 - 0.3 g/L; Si4+ – 0.085 - 0.3 g/L; Al3+ - 0.01 - 0.164 g/L, Ca2+ - 0.5 - 0.7 g/L. The BO020 resin has fairly high uranium uptake and sorption capacities, but phosphorus, iron, aluminum, and manganese sorption capacities are very small. The nitrate and chloride ions have high sorption capacities only at high concentrations in solution. The results can be used to make the best choice of ion exchanger application for underground leaching of uranium.
New approaches to the formation of sustainable innovative development of the oil and gas chemical complex enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Zotov Maksim , Ponikarova Anna
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the problems of increasing the sustainability of the innovative development of the regional industrial complex in the context of technological diversification. It is assumed that the introduction of sustainable innovations will allow the complex under study to increase efficiency and competitiveness in the face of existing restrictions due to the integrated and balanced development of socioecological and economic aspects of activity. For these purposes an analysis of the factors limiting the introduction of innovations is carried out. As a result, it is concluded that the focus of companies on environmental innovation in the course of innovation can not only improve the quality of the development of the region’s ecosystem, but also lead to an increase in the economic effect.
Filtering errors in primary sensor signals
Authors: Jumaev Odil A. , Ismoilov Muhriddin T.
Published: August 2023

Sensors are used in the primary measurement of signals. When signals in the sensor are transmitted to the next device, there is an occurrence of errors due to various effects. Filters are used to eliminate the errors that have occurred. Depending on the frequency nature of the signals, there are high pass filters and low pass filters. We select the filters according to the frequency range of the signal. It is observed that the measurement result is different from the actual value if the signal is not filtered. This article analyzes the errors that occur when signals are processed. In time discretization, the state of the signal spectrum is considered. The cause of the appearance of errors has been studied.
Prerequisites for applying the risk-based approach to assessing the explosive and fire hazardous properties of underground mining materials
Authors: Rodionov Vladimir , Skripnik Igor , Kaverzneva Tatyana , Zhikharev Sergey , Kriklivyy Sergey , Panov Sergey
Published: August 2023

The relevance of the work is due to the introduction of new high-intensity mining technologies underground, the conduct of mining operations at ever greater depths of coal and ore, changes in the explosive properties of the extracted raw materials, as well as incidents and accidents of varying severity occurring at mining facilities. There is an opinion that one of the causes of accidents and emergencies in mines is the inability to take into account both the features of the manifestation of the properties of the rock mass and the change in the explosive properties of minerals. The problem of applying a risk-oriented approach, namely a comprehensive assessment of the risk of accidents, in this case fires and/or explosions, has not been resolved. The applied risk calculation methods are diverse, as a rule, the accuracy of the results is low, and none of them allows taking into account all the identifiable hazards that lead to the occurrence of endogenous and exogenous fires, as well as explosions of hybrid mixtures in the space of mine workings. This article attempts to study in detail the prerequisites for applying a risk-based approach to solving this problem. Theoretical approaches and risk assessment in mines and mines are considered and methods are given that allow in express mode to obtain up-to-date information on the explosive and fire hazardous properties of the extracted raw materials.
Interactions between free-living amoebae and Cryptosporidium parvum: an experimental study
Authors: Lefebvre Marion , Razakandrainibe Romy , Schapman Damien , François Arnaud , Genty Damien , Galas Ludovic , Villena Isabelle , Favennec Loic , Costa Damien
Published: August 2023

Free-Living Amebae (FLA) and Cryptosporidium oocysts occasionally share the same environment. From 2004 to 2016, Cryptosporidium was responsible for 60% of 905 worldwide waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions between C. parvum oocysts and two common FLAs (Acanthamoeba castellanii and Vermamoeba vermiformis) in a water environment. Encystment and survival of FLAs were evaluated by microscopy using trypan blue vital coloration. Oocysts were numerated on microscopy. Interactions were studied over time in conditions both unfavorable and favorable to phagocytosis. Potential phagocytosis was directly evaluated by several microscopic approaches and indirectly by numeration of microorganisms and oocyst infectivity evaluation. Occasional phagocytosis of C. parvum by FLAs was documented. However, oocyst concentrations did not decrease significantly, suggesting resistance of oocysts to phagocytosis. A temporary decrease of oocyst infectivity was observed in the presence of A. castellanii. The effect of these interactions on C. parvum infectivity is particularly interesting. The biofilm condition could favor the persistence or even the proliferation of oocysts over time. This study demonstrated interactions between C. parvum and FLAs. Further knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the decrease of oocyst infectivity in the presence of A. castellanii could facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches.
High-transparency clear window-based agrivoltaics
Authors: Vasiliev Mikhail , Rosenberg Victor , Goodfield David , Lyford Jamie , Li Chengdao
Published: August 2023

A number of modern glass and window products based on novel glazing designs, low-emissivity thin-film coatings, and proprietary fluorescent interlayer types have been developed recently. Advanced windows of today can control properties such as thermal emissivity, heat gain, colour, and transparency. In novel glass products, solar energy harvesting through PV integration is also featured, enabled by either patterned-semiconductor thin-film energy conversion surfaces, or by using luminescent concentrator-type approaches to achieve higher transparency. Typically, semitransparent and also highly-transparent PV windows are purpose-designed, for applications in construction industry and agrivoltaics (greenhousing), to include special types of luminescent materials, diffractive microstructures, and customized glazing systems and electric circuitry. Recently, significant progress has been demonstrated in building integrated high-transparency solar windows (featuring visible light transmission of up to 70%, with electric power output Pmax ∼ 30−33 Wp/m2, e.g. ClearVue PV Solar Windows); these are expected to add momentum towards the development of smart cities and advanced agrivoltaics in greenhouse installations. At present (in 2023), these ClearVue window designs are the only type of visually-clear and deployment-ready construction materials capable of providing significant energy savings in buildings, simultaneously with a significant amount of renewable energy generation. The objective of this study is to place the recent industrialised development of ClearVue® PV window systems into a broader context of prior studies in the field of luminescent concentrators, as well as to provide some details on the measured performance characteristics of several ClearVue window design types deployed within the building envelope of a research greenhouse, and to elucidate the corresponding differences in their energy harvesting behaviour. An evaluation of the practical applications potential of these recently developed transparent agrivoltaic construction materials is provided, focussing on the measured renewable energy generation figures and the seasonal trends observed during a long-term study. This article reports on the measured performance characteristics of research greenhouse-based agrivoltaic installation constructed at Murdoch University (Perth, Australia) in early 2021.The solar greenhouse at Murdoch University has demonstrated great potential for commercial food production with significant energy savings due to on-site energy production from its building envelope.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: August 2023

nach 48 Jahren Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin hat unsere Zeitschrift einen Impact
Factor (IF) bekommen! Unser erster IF ist noch bescheiden mit 0,3, aber das kann
ab jetzt wachsen. Dazu brauchen wir weiterhin gute Beiträge, die fleißig zitiert werden.
Nicht jede Fachzeitschrift erhält einen Impact Factor. Voraussetzung ist, dass
das Journal im Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)
oder – wie die Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin – im Emerging Sources Citation Index
(ESCI) gelistet ist. Auch wenn sich faktischer „Impact“ und inhaltliche Qualität nicht
allein mit einem Quotienten beschreiben lassen: Wir freuen uns über diese Neuigkeit
bei der „Aktuellen Ernährungsmedizin“!
S3-Leitlinie Klinische Ernährung in der Chirurgie der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM)
e. V.
Authors: Weimann Arved , Breitenstein Stefan , Gabor Sabine , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Kemen Matthias , Längle Friedrich , Martignoni Marc , Rayes Nada , Reith Bernd , Schweinlin Anna , Schwenk Wolfgang , Seehofer Daniel , Senkal Metin , Stoppe Christian
Published: August 2023

Die Vermeidung einer ausgeprägten Katabolie nach chirurgischen Eingriffen
mit frühem postoperativen Kostaufbau und Mobilisierung zur raschen
Rekonvaleszenz ist heute der Standard des perioperativen Management im so
genannten Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Konzept. So ist die
frühe orale Nahrungszufuhr auch die bevorzugte Form der postoperativen
Ernährung. Gemessen am Kalorienbedarf ist jedoch gerade nach Eingriffen
am oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt für längere Zeit von einer
verminderten Nahrungsaufnahme auszugehen. Dies birgt grundsätzlich das
Risiko eines fortschreitenden Gewichtsverlusts und einer Unterernährung
der Patienten während des postoperativen Verlaufs. Mangel- und
Unterernährung stellen signifikante Risikofaktoren für
postoperative Komplikationen dar. So ist die frühe enterale
Ernährung besonders für chirurgische Patienten mit einem bereits
bestehenden Ernährungsrisiko wichtig. Der Fokus dieser Leitlinie liegt
besonders auf den ernährungstherapeutischen Aspekten des ERAS Konzeptes
(Plan A). Dies betrifft präoperativ Strategien zur Konditionierung
(„Prähabilitation“). Postoperativ können trotz
bestmöglicher Versorgung schwere Komplikationen mit der Notwendigkeit
zur Reoperation und Intensivtherapie eintreten, die eine besondere, auch
medizinische (künstliche) Ernährungstherapie erforderlich machen
(Plan B)

Aus der Stoffwechsel- und Ernährungsperspektive sind folgende Aspekte in
der perioperativen Versorgung zentral:

Integration der Ernährung in das gesamte perioperative Management des
Patienten

Vermeidung von längeren perioperativen Nüchternheitsperioden

▪ Möglichst frühe Wiederaufnahme der oralen Ernährung nach
chirurgischen Eingriffen

▪ früher Start einer Ernährungstherapie bei Patienten mit
metabolischem Risiko

▪ metabolische Kontrolle z. B. des Blutzuckers

▪ Reduzierung von Faktoren, die Stress und Katabolie induzieren oder die
gastrointestinale Funktion beeinträchtigen

▪ Zurückhaltende Gabe von Medikamenten mit ungünstigem Einfluss auf
die Darmperistaltik

▪ frühe Mobilisation zur Stimulierung der Proteinsynthese und der
Muskelfunktion

Diese Leitlinie präsentiert insgesamt Empfehlungen für die
tägliche klinische Praxis
Notfälle in der medikamentösen Tumortherapie – Operative Indikationen unter Systemtherapie
Authors: Rieger Constantin , Pfister David , Heidenreich Axel
Published: August 2023

Operative Indikationen aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen unter Systemtherapie bei einem metastasierten Tumor des Urogenitaltrakts sind selten. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es eine Reihe von Notfällen, welche eine rasche Intervention erfordern und von jedem Uroonkologen erkannt werden sollten. Die folgende Übersichtarbeit wird wichtige Nebenwirkungen mit der Notwendigkeit einer operativen Therapie herausarbeiten, indem die wesentlichen Symptome sowie das initiale Management dargestellt werden.
Low-Dose CT Screening of Persistent Subsolid Lung Nodules: First-Order Features in Radiomics
Authors: Yoshiyasu Nobuyuki , Kojima Fumitsugu , Hayashi Kuniyoshi , Yamada Daisuke , Bando Toru
Published: August 2023

Background Nondisappearing subsolid nodules requiring follow-up are often detected during lung cancer screening, but changes in their invasiveness can be overlooked owing to slow growth. We aimed to develop a method for automatic identification of invasive tumors among subsolid nodules during multiple health checkups using radiomics technology based on low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) and examine its effectiveness.

Methods We examined patients who underwent LD-CT screening from 2014 to 2019 and had lung adenocarcinomas resected after 5-year follow-ups. They were categorized into the invasive or less-invasive group; the annual growth/change rate (Δ) of the nodule voxel histogram using three-dimensional CT (e.g., tumor volume, solid volume percentage, mean CT value, variance, kurtosis, skewness, and entropy) was assessed. A discriminant model was designed through multivariate regression analysis with internal validation to compare its efficacy with that of a volume doubling time of < 400 days.

Results The study included 47 tumors (23 invasive, 24 less invasive), with no significant difference in the initial tumor volumes. Δskewness was identified as an independent predictor of invasiveness (adjusted odds ratio, 0.021; p = 0.043), and when combined with Δvariance, it yielded high accuracy in detecting invasive lesions (88% true-positive, 80% false-positive). The detection model indicated surgery 2 years earlier than the volume doubling time, maintaining accuracy (median 3 years vs.1 year before actual surgery, p = 0.011).

Conclusion LD-CT radiomics showed promising potential in ensuring timely detection and monitoring of subsolid nodules that warrant follow-up over time.
Wilson's Disease
Authors: Wungjiranirun Manida , Sharzehi Kaveh
Published: August 2023

Wilson's disease (WD) can present with liver disease, neurological deficits, and psychiatric disorders. Results of genetic prevalence studies suggest that WD might be much more common than previously estimated. Early recognition of WD remains challenging because it is a great imitator and requires a high index of suspicion for correct and timely diagnosis. Early diagnosis of WD is crucial to ensure that patients can be started on adequate treatment. In association with other clinical and biochemical tests, liver biopsy results and molecular genetic testing can also be used for diagnosing WD. Medical therapy is effective for most patients; liver transplant can rescue those with acute liver failure or those with advanced liver disease who fail to respond to or discontinue medical therapy. Although novel therapies, such as gene therapy, are on the horizon, screening and prevention of delayed diagnosis remains paramount.
Trends in Management of Fetuses with Suspected Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO): A High-Risk Fetal and Pediatric Center Experience in a Universal-Access-to-Care System
Authors: Richter Juliane , Doktor Fabian , Good Hayley , Erdman Lauren , Kim Jin K. , Santos Joana Dos , Brownrigg Natasha , Chua Michael , Lorenzo Armando J. , Rickard Mandy , Mieghem Tim Van , Shinar Shiri
Published: August 2023

Introduction Neonates with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) experience high morbidity and mortality associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. The prenatal detection rate for LUTO is less than 50%, with late or missed diagnosis leading to delayed management and long-term sequelae in the remainder. We aimed to explore the trends in prenatal detection and management at a high-risk fetal center and determine if similar trends of postnatal presentations were noted for the same period.

Methods Prenatal and postnatal LUTO databases from a tertiary fetal center and its associated pediatric center between 2009 and 2021 were reviewed, capturing maternal age, gestational age (GA) at diagnosis, and rates of termination of pregnancy (TOP). Time series analysis using autocorrelation was performed to investigate time trend changes for prenatally suspected and postnatally confirmed LUTO cases.

Results A total of 161 fetuses with prenatally suspected LUTO were identified, including 78 terminations. No significant time trend was found when evaluating the correlation between time periods, prenatal suspicion, and postnatal confirmation of LUTO cases (Durbin–Watson [DW] = 1.99, p = 0.3641 and DW = 2.86, p = 0.9113, respectively). GA at referral was 20.0 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 12, 35) and 22.0 weeks (IQR 13, 37) for TOP and continued pregnancies (p < 0.0001). GA at initial ultrasound was earlier in terminated fetuses compared to continued (20.0 [IQR 12, 35] weeks vs. 22.5 [IQR 13, 39] weeks, p < 0.0001). While prenatal LUTO suspicion remained consistently higher than postnatal presentations, the rates of postnatal presentations and terminations remained stable during the study years (p = 0.7913 and 0.2338), as were GA at TOP and maternal age at diagnosis (p = 0.1710 and 0.1921).

Conclusion This study demonstrated that more severe cases of LUTO are referred earlier and are more likely to undergo TOP. No significant trend was detected between time and prenatally suspected or postnatally confirmed LUTO, highlighting the need for further studies to better delineate factors that can increase prenatal detection.
A natural solution for artificial light-harvesting
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: August 2023

Multidimensional biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides can provide a scaffold for artificial light-harvesting systems.
Multi-channel current electro-optic isolated measurement and discharge current characteristics in a parallel plate transmission line driver
Authors: Zhang Yongpeng , Lu Zhijian , Liu Chengying , Song Zhenfei , Liu Shuai , Yang Lanjun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a 96 kJ compact synchronous discharge driver is designed. The issue of the current measurement of the six parallel gas spark switches is resolved by a multi-channel isolated current measuring system, and the driver’s circuit simulation model is constructed. Then, the discharge current characteristics of each branch and load are investigated, and the results show that when the operating voltage is at least 50 kV, the parallel switches are conducted synchronously. The designed multi-channel isolated current measuring system meets the use requirements at a maximum operating voltage of 80 kV, the peak current measured by a single channel is 500 kA at this time, which corresponds to the load current of 3 MA, and the current rise time (0%–100% rise time) is about 1.15 µs. However, the asynchronous conduction of these switches will increase the branch circuit’s peak current by a maximum of 25%, and the maximum value of the inverse peak current ratio of the branch will increase to 1.16, which will threaten the safe operation of the components. At this time, there is a redistribution of charge between the already conducting branches, so the impact of the load current is less than that of the basic branch current. When the conduction dispersion of the switchers is less than 452 ns, the peak current of the load reduction is less than 3%, and the current waveform meets the application requirements. The research is essential for understanding the operating status of the driver and assessing the through-current capability of the device’s components, such as gas switches and capacitors.
Plasma-assisted deposition and characterization of Al2O3 dielectric layers on (001)
β
-Ga2O3
Authors: Dhara Sushovan , Dheenan Ashok , Kalarickal Nidhin Kurian , Huang Hsien-Lien , Islam Ahmad Ehteshamul , Joishi Chandan , Fiedler Andreas , McGlone Joe F. , Ringel Steven A. , Hwang Jinwoo , Rajan Siddharth
Published: August 2023

In this work, we have investigated plasma-assisted deposition of Al2O3 on HVPE (001) β-Ga2O3 and evaluated the dielectric quality from electrical measurements on fabricated metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The interface structure and crystallinity of the films were investigated as a function of the growth temperature. The dielectric/semiconductor interfaces were found to have reverse breakdown electric fields up to 5.3 MV/cm in the β-Ga2O3, with relatively low hysteresis in capacitance–voltage and low leakage current. We determined a negative fixed interface charge density at the interface from analysis of thickness-dependent capacitance voltage data. This study shows the advantage of using plasma-assisted deposition to achieve high breakdown strength Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 MOS structures for device application purposes.
Giant enhancement of magnetostriction in Pt doped FeGa ribbons
Authors: Dai Zhiyong , Zhou Chao , Guo Chenyang , Cao Kang , Zhang Ruisheng , Chang Tieyan , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Murtaza Adil , Tian Fanghua , Zuo Wenliang , Zhang Yin , Yang Sen , Song Xiaoping
Published: August 2023

FeGa alloys are among the most promising magnetostrictive materials. How to improve the magnetostriction of FeGa has been a long-term concern. In this work, trace amount of Pt doped FeGa-(Fe0.83Ga0.17)100–xPtx (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) was fabricated using melt-spinning technique. The magnetostriction, crystal structure, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the ribbon samples were studied, revealing that the conforming between the crystal growth direction and the easy magnetization axis, and the enlarged lattice parameter both contribute to the enhancement of magnetostriction, which reached the maximum λ⊥ of −1369 ppm at the optimum composition x = 0.4. Finally, transmission electron microscopy was performed to show that nanoinclusions exist not only in Pt-doped but also in Pt-free samples, demonstrating that the nanoinclusions do not play the dominant role in magnetostriction improvement. This work may accelerate the design of highly magnetostrictive FeGa alloys and other magnetic functional materials, which are required of large magnetostriction.
Optimizing the gradient stress sandwich structure thin-film encapsulation for super flexible organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Chen Zheng , Wang Jintao , Lin Jingquan , Shen Ying , Wang Muwei , Duan Yu
Published: August 2023

To enable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) to be rolled and folded, we need a flexible encapsulation layer that can protect organic materials and metal electrodes that are susceptible to moisture and oxygen. Thin films that encapsulate organic electronic devices need to have excellent mechanical properties to prevent cracks during bending. Using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and other techniques, we fabricated high-density, stress gradient sandwich-structured films and studied the residual stress of deposited films on encapsulating films and their effect on delamination and cracking. We found that by adjusting the H2/N2 gas ratio and optimizing the Si:N:H ratio of PECVD SiNx:H films, denser, more etch-resistant, higher compressive stress and lower hydrogen content films can be deposited, thereby enable better flexible thin film encapsulation (TFE). We also deposited an inorganic/organic/inorganic sandwich structure film and utilized stress gradient changes to relieve the tensile stress on the outer film during bending. After standardized testing, the OLED with the stress gradient encapsulation structure has no dark spots after bending 10 000 times (bending radius 2 mm). This technique can be used in flexible TFE for various organic devices, showing promising applications in bendable and wearable products.
Solvation of furfural at metal–water interfaces: Implications for aqueous phase hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Liu Sihang , Vijay Sudarshan , Xu Mianle , Cao Ang , Prats Hector , Kastlunger Georg , Heenen Hendrik H. , Govindarajan Nitish
Published: August 2023

Metal–water interfaces are central to understanding aqueous-phase heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, the explicit modeling of the interface is still challenging as it necessitates extensive sampling of the interfaces’ degrees of freedom. Herein, we use ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study the adsorption of furfural, a platform biomass chemical on several catalytically relevant metal–water interfaces (Pt, Rh, Pd, Cu, and Au) at low coverages. We find that furfural adsorption is destabilized on all the metal–water interfaces compared to the metal–gas interfaces considered in this work. This destabilization is a result of the energetic penalty associated with the displacement of water molecules near the surface upon adsorption of furfural, further evidenced by a linear correlation between solvation energy and the change in surface water coverage. To predict solvation energies without the need for computationally expensive AIMD simulations, we demonstrate OH binding energy as a good descriptor to estimate the solvation energies of furfural. Using microkinetic modeling, we further explain the origin of the activity for furfural hydrogenation on intrinsically strong-binding metals under aqueous conditions, i.e., the endothermic solvation energies for furfural adsorption prevent surface poisoning. Our work sheds light on the development of active aqueous-phase catalytic systems via rationally tuning the solvation energies of reaction intermediates.