bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and genetic relationships among individuals in urban kit fox social groups
Authors: Ralls Katherine , Wilbert Tammy R. , Cypher Brian L. , Van Horn Job Christine L. , Maldonado Jesús E.
Published: July 2024

Smaller canids, such as most foxes, individually hunt small prey, and therefore, social groups typically consist of just a mated pair. However, these smaller canids occasionally form groups in which the members have been presumed to be genetically or socially related. We studied social and genetic relationships among urban San Joaquin kit fox ( Vulpes macrotis mutica Merriam, 1902) groups in Bakersfield, California. Of 59 groups, 42.4% had extra adults in addition to the parents. Foxes were field classified as either mothers, fathers, helpers (extra adults), or pups. We then assessed relatedness of foxes within social groups using 11 microsatellites in DNA from tissue or hair samples. Mated pairs were significantly less related than mothers and helpers, with fathers and helpers being intermediate. Twelve pairs of females were mother–daughter dyads, but we also found two cases of sisters and two cases where the females were unrelated. Pups were always related to a female identified as their mother. Father–pup pairs were less related than mother–pup pairs, with helper–pup pairs being intermediate. The extra-pair paternity rate (multiple fathers per litter) was 39%. The social flexibility exhibited by kit foxes may increase their resiliency to marked fluctuations in resource availability, thereby reducing extinction risk.
Exclusive charmonium production at the electron-ion collider in China
Authors: Wang Xue , Cao Xu , Guo Aiqiang , Gong Li , Kang Xiao-Shen , Liang Yu-Tie , Wu Jia-Jun , Xie Ya-Ping
Published: July 2024

We investigate the exclusive $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

production at the future Electron-ion collider in China by utilizing the eSTARlight event generator. We model the cross-section and kinematics by fitting to the world data of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

photoproduction. Projected statistical uncertainties on $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

production are based on the design of a central detector, which consists of a tracker and vertex subsystem. The precision of the pseudo-data allows us to probe the near-threshold mechanism, e.g. the re-scattering effect. The significance of the forward amplitudes is discussed as well. The design and optimization of the detector enhance the potential for exploring the near-threshold region and the realm of high four-momentum transfer squared, which is of particular interest on several physics topics.
Uncertain Multilevel Programming Based on Hurwicz Criterion with Application to Resource Allocation
Authors: Zhang Yunfan , Yang Xiangfeng
Published: July 2024

A number of uncertain multilevel programming models have been proposed and applied to decentralized decision-making problems. It is assumed that the models of uncertain multilevel problems involve uncertain variables. In these models, the chance constraints are used as constraints, and the objective functions vary according to the requirements of decision-makers. The objective functions in this paper are based on the Hurwicz criterion, which combines optimistic value and pessimistic value to find a balance between optimism and pessimism. To deal with situations in which decision-makers have this type of risk appetite, the uncertain Hurwicz multilevel programming model is proposed based on uncertainty theory and the Hurwicz criterion. Finally, two numerical examples and a case study on resource allocation are given to demonstrate the potential uses of this study.
Adaptive Taxonomy Learning and Historical Patterns Modeling for Patent Classification
Authors: Zou Tao , Yu Le , Ye Junchen , Sun Leilei , Du Bowen , Wang Deqing
Published: July 2024

Patent classification aims to assign multiple International Patent Classification (IPC) codes to a given patent. Existing methods for automated patent classification primarily focus on analyzing the text descriptions of patents. However, apart from the textual information, each patent is also associated with some assignees, and the knowledge of their previously applied patents can often be valuable for accurate classification. Furthermore, the hierarchical taxonomy defined by the IPC system provides crucial contextual information and enables models to leverage the correlations between IPC codes for improved classification accuracy. However, existing methods fail to incorporate the above aspects and lead to reduced performance. To address these limitations, we propose an integrated framework that comprehensively considers patent-related information for patent classification. To be specific, we first present an IPC codes correlations learning module to capture both horizontal and vertical information within the IPC codes. This module effectively captures the correlations by adaptively exchanging and aggregating messages among IPC codes at the same level (horizontal information) and from both parent and children codes (vertical information), which allows for a comprehensive integration of knowledge and relationships within the IPC hierarchical taxonomy. Additionally, we design a historical application patterns learning component to incorporate previous patents of the corresponding assignee by aggregating high-order temporal information via a dual-channel graph neural network. Finally, our approach combines the contextual information from patent texts, which encompasses the semantics of IPC codes, with assignees’ sequential preferences to make predictions. Experimental evaluations on real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed approach over existing methods. Moreover, we present the model’s ability to capture the temporal patterns of assignees and the semantic dependencies among IPC codes.
Effectiveness of Fish Scale‐Derived Collagen as an Alternative Filler Material in the Fabrication of Polyurethane Foam Composites
Authors: Naidoo D. , Onwubu S. C. , Mokhothu T. H. , Mdluli P. S. , Makgobole M. U. , Mishra A. K.
Published: July 2024

This study is based on the utilization of fish scale‐derived collagen (FSC) as a potential filler material in polyurethane foam (PUF) composites. The composites were prepared with varying FSC concentrations (2.5%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) with the standard PUF matrix, while calcium carbonates in the standard sample (STD) were completely substituted with 50 wt% of collagen. When examining the effects of collagen concentration on mechanical characteristics, complex correlations emerge between tensile strength, elongation, tear resistance, and ductility. The results reveal that the addition of 2.5 wt% FSC increased tensile strength by 12.66% during heat aging, while the addition of 5 wt% at standard temperature increased elongation by 6.65%. Under normal conditions, collagen significantly enhanced the material’s resistance to tearing, demonstrating its potential for long‐term durability. Under typical conditions, tear resistance showed notable gains, increasing by 84.85% (50 wt% FSC) and 33% (10 wt% FSC), respectively. The tear resistance, however, diminishes under heat aging for all concentrations. Morphological assessments indicate a consistent closed cell structure across all samples, with collagen potentially contributing to reinforcement. The study supports the sustainable use of fish scale‐derived collagen as a filler, addressing waste management challenges and aligning with principles of environmentally conscious material development.
Applying mHealth for Assessment of Complex Wounds: Insights from a Focus Group
Authors: Marques Raquel , Mira Helena I. M. F. , Lopes Marcos V. O. , Neves-Amado João D. , Ramos Paulo A. S. , Alves Paulo J. P.
Published: July 2024

Background. It is a reality of care praxis that it is difficult for healthcare professionals to assess and monitor the local status of wounds objectively and regularly. This study aims to identify the minimum data required to evaluate patients with complex wounds to be incorporated into mHealth. Methods. Descriptive qualitative study, based on thematic analysis, using the online focus group technique. An intentional sample was selected, and two separate sessions were held, attended by 6 experts and 7 nurses. The data were coded by two researchers, with a deductive method, using NVivo software. Results. 5 themes emerged which are described as follows: assessment of patients with complex wounds, distinctive criteria based on the type of wound, flowcharts for approaching patients with wounds, characteristics of a mobile application focused on wound care, and alerts to be included in a mobile health application dedicated to wound treatment. The theme characteristics of a mobile application for approaching the patient with wounds raised 4 subthemes: (1) image, (2) communication, (3) decision‐making, and (4) safety. Conclusion. The use of wound assessment tools provides data capable of generating quality care outcome indicators. These serve as good practice guides, enhancing health gains, whether they are economic or quality‐of‐life improvements.
A Demand Forecasting Model Leveraging Machine Learning to Decode Customer Preferences for New Fashion Products
Authors: Anitha S. , Neelakandan R.
Published: July 2024

Demand forecasting for new products in the fashion industry has always been challenging due to changing trends, longer lead times, seasonal shifts, and the proliferation of products. Accurate demand forecasting requires a thorough understanding of consumer preferences. This research suggests a model based on machine learning to analyse customer preferences and forecast the demand for new products. To understand customer preferences, the fitting room data are analysed, and customer profiles are created. K‐means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, is applied to form clusters by grouping similar profiles. The clusters were assigned weights related to the percentage of product in each cluster. Following the clustering process, a decision tree classification model is used to classify the new product into one of the predefined clusters to predict demand for the new product. This demand forecasting approach will enable retailers to stock products that align with customer preferences, thereby minimising excess inventory.
Analysis of Different R&D Co‐Competition Modes of Asymmetric Duopoly Enterprises under the Uncertainty of R&D Success
Authors: Song Yinghua , Sang Xiaoyan , Wang Zhe , Xu Hongqian
Published: July 2024

The collaborative R&D of new products between enterprises is prone to the “free‐rider effect” due to knowledge spillover. To avoid that, this paper establishes a three‐stage dynamic game to explore the collaborative R&D co‐competition behavior between asymmetric horizontal supplier enterprises. In this paper, we incorporate the uncertainty of R&D success probability into the model and reverse induction is applied to solve it. In the model, two asymmetric enterprises play dynamic games under three modes: complete noncooperation, semicooperation, and complete cooperation. We discuss the sensitivity of various asymmetric factors to the R&D investment level and profit of enterprises. The results indicate that the R&D investment level of supplier enterprises is positively correlated with the absorptive capacity, technology spillover, and R&D success probability, and negatively correlated with the initial R&D investment and innovation efficiency under the three co‐competition modes. Especially, when the absorptive capacity of the enterprise or the degree of technological spillover of the other party exceeds a certain value, the profits of the enterprise in the mode of complete noncooperation and semicooperation will intersect, which can easily lead to “free‐riding” behavior. It provides a decision‐making basis for the direction and extent of enterprises’ R&D efforts. In addition, some methods are proposed to improve the level of R&D investment and increase the income of enterprises under three modes.
The Biochar Amendment Improves Tomato Growth and Yield under Deficit Irrigation in Sandy Loam Soil in Senegal
Authors: Diedhiou Simeon , Maiga Alassane , Himbane Philippe B. , Iboko Maduabuchi P. , Ndiaye Lat Grand , Diedhiou Ibrahima
Published: July 2024

Poor agricultural soil management practices and water use optimisation in irrigation are major challenges facing crop production in Senegal. To address these problems, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 to investigate the effects of biochar on tomato growth and yield in sandy loam soil under different irrigation levels. Treatments included three biochar treatments (B2 = 30 t·ha−1, B1 = 15 t·ha−1, and B0 = 0 t·ha−1) and three irrigation levels (full irrigation, W0 = 8 L·m−2·day−1; medium deficit irrigation, W1 = 6 L·m−2·day−1, which is 75% of W0; and deficit irrigation, W2 = 4 L·m−2·day−1, 50% of W0). The results showed that using biochar at 30 t·ha−1 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the bulk density of the soil by up to 8.3% under W1. In addition, biochar at 15 t·ha−1 and 30 t·ha−1 enhanced, regardless of the amount of water applied, the growth of tomato plants by at least 14% compared to that in the B0 treatment. Furthermore, the tomatoes’ yields in biochar treatments B1 (12.58 t·ha−1) and B2 (12.45 t·ha−1) under W2 were greater than those under B0 (9.27 t·ha−1) under full irrigation. The combinations of biochar and the lowest irrigation water level (W2 and B1 or W2 and B2) can therefore allow a water economy of up to 50% of full irrigation without compromising yield. Our study concluded that biochar could sustainably reduce agricultural water consumption while increasing yields. To further understand the influence of biochar on sandy loam soil, more research is needed on its effects on soil moisture content at permanent wilting points and field capacity.
Topology Synthesis of Hybrid On‐Load Tap Changer in Ultrahigh Voltage (UHV) Transformer with Fast Arcless Switching
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Wei , Yang Xiao , Zhang Hao , Wang Gaoyong , Wang Xiuhuan
Published: July 2024

Hybrid on‐load tap changers (OLTCs) are attractive solutions for the smooth change in voltage without current interruption in the converter transformer. This paper proposes a systematic topology derivation method of hybrid OLTC. To begin with, the topology derivation principle of OLTC is studied according to graph theory and equivalent electrical network theory, and the basic structure of OLTCs is constructed. Based on the topology derivation and optimization method, some hybrid OLTC topologies are derived. Particularly, a new hybrid star‐type parallel three‐switch OLTC topology with independent intellectual property rights is investigated in detail. Then, the optimal timing control is designed to reduce the time of current flow and shorten the overall switching time. Circuit simulation results show that arc‐free and reliable switching can be realized in the new topology. In addition, the losses and the heat generated during the switching process are calculated, and the impact of the phase between the stage voltage and system current on the loss and electrical stress is studied. Furthermore, the comparison between the proposed topology and other topologies is carried out to show the advantages of the proposed topology. Finally, Saber circuit simulation will be carried out to verify the theoretical and numerical analysis results.
Financiamiento universitario: un escenario desolador
Authors: García Carlos
Published: July 2024

El artículo critica el sistema de Crédito con Aval del Estado (CAE) en Chile, señalando su alta tasa de morosidad y sus efectos negativos en términos de redistribución y crecimiento económico. El autor argumenta que este sistema ha sido un fracaso en la formación de capital humano y sugiere que se necesita una solución consensuada para abordar la deuda impaga. Además, propone que se requiere una política de financiamiento de la educación superior más integral y costosa, pero que a largo plazo sería más beneficiosa para el desarrollo del país.
Supplementary Figure 7 from PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure
Authors: Chouleur Tiffanie , Emanuelli Andrea , Souleyreau Wilfried , Derieppe Marie-Alix , Leboucq Téo , Hardy Serge , Mathivet Thomas , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: July 2024

mRNA levels of different markers
Decoding Endothelial MPL and JAK2V617F Mutation: Insight Into Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Kafeiti Nicholas , Masarik Kyla , Lee Sandy , Yang Xiaoxi , Zheng Haoyi , Zhan Huichun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients with JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential face a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial cells carrying the JAK2V617F mutation have been detected in many patients with MPN. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for the high incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with MPN.

METHODS:

We investigated the impact of endothelial JAK2V617F mutation on cardiovascular disease development using both transgenic murine models and MPN patient–derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines.

RESULTS:

Our investigations revealed that JAK2V617F mutant endothelial cells promote cardiovascular diseases under stress, which is associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, we discovered that inhibiting the endothelial TPO (thrombopoietin) receptor MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene) suppressed JAK2V617F-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and prevented cardiovascular dysfunction caused by mutant endothelial cells. Notably, the endothelial MPL receptor is not essential for the normal physiological regulation of blood cell counts and cardiac function.

CONCLUSIONS:

JAK2V617F mutant endothelial cells play a critical role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in JAK2V617F-positive MPNs, and endothelial MPL could be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or ameliorating cardiovascular complications in these patients.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of PM60 High-Speed Steel
Authors: Zhou Yu-Wei , Xiong Cheng-Yue , Hu Qi-Peng , Wang Jian , Chen Yun
Published: July 2024

The behavior of PM60 steel under hot compression was investigated across a temperature variation of 1223 to 1423 K and a strain rate variation of 0.001 to 10 s−1. The Arrhenius constitutive model was developed by utilizing flow stress curves adjusted for friction and
temperature, taking into account the influential factors of temperature and strain rate. To incorporate the effect of strain into the constitutive model, a sixth-order polynomial was utilized to model the relationship of the material constants and strain. The strain-compensated constitutive
model was subsequently evaluated by the correlation coefficient (Rc) and the average absolute relative error (AARE). The Rc and AARE values were 0.9860 and 6.32%, respectively, indicating the high precision of the constitutive model for stress prediction.
3D hot processing maps of PM60 steel were constructed using the dynamic materials model (DMM) in accordance with Prasad’s instability criterion. Combined with microstructure analysis, the optimal processing zones are predicted to be within the ranges of 1323∼1373 K, 0.001∼0.01
s−1 and 1400∼1423 K, 1∼10 s−1. Within the proposed domains, the maximum power dissipation efficiency attained a value of 46%.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Tensile Bond of 3D Printed Polymeric Implant Provisional Crowns to Titanium Base Abutment
Authors: Alanazi Khalid K. , Alzaid Abdulaziz A. , AlHelal Abdulaziz A. , Almujel Saad H.
Published: July 2024

The present study investigated the maximum load and tensile bond strength (TS) of three dimensionally printed (3DP) polymeric implant provisional crowns (PCs) to titanium base abutment. The study involved fabricating 90 implant analogs and prosthetic titanium bases, with two groups
undergoing surface modifications. A PC design resembling a maxillary central incisor was created, resulting in 90 3DP PCs assigned to six groups. Treatment methods included airborne APA, phosphoric acid application, or no surface treatment, followed by cleaning processes. Retention testing
using a universal testing machine measured the maximum force applied during vertical pull-out tests. Group-5 demonstrated the highest mean load (435.67 N), followed by Group-4 (397.04 N) and Group-2 (305.93 N). Group-3 had the lowest mean load (179.47 N). Abutments APA showed significantly
higher mean maximum load (372.09 N) compared to untreated abutments (241.21 N). Similarly, PCs subjected to APA exhibited a higher mean maximum load (317.63 N) than acid-etched PCs (370.80 N) and untreated PCs (231.52 N). In comparison to acid etching and no surface treatment, APA significantly
enhanced the mechanical properties of provisional crowns, resulting in the highest maximum load and tensile strength values.
Germ line ERG haploinsufficiency defines a new syndrome with cytopenia and hematological malignancy predisposition
Authors: Zerella Jiarna R. , Homan Claire C. , Arts Peer , Lin Xuzhu , Spinelli Sam J. , Venugopal Parvathy , Babic Milena , Brautigan Peter J. , Truong Lynda , Arriola-Martinez Luis , Moore Sarah , Hollins Rachel , Parker Wendy T. , Nguyen Hung , Kassahn Karin S. , Branford Susan , Feurstein Simone , Larcher Lise , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Demirdas Serwet , de Munnik Sonja , Antoine-Poirel Hélène , Brichard Benedicte , Mansour Sahar , Gordon Kristiana , Wlodarski Marcin W. , Koppayi Ashwin , Dobbins Sara , Mutsaers Pim G. N. J. , Nichols Kim E. , Oak Ninad , DeMille Desiree , Mao Rong , Crawford Ali , McCarrier Julie , Basel Donald , Flores-Daboub Josue , Drazer Michael W. , Phillips Kerry , Poplawski Nicola K. , Birdsey Graeme M. , Pirri Daniela , Ostergaard Pia , Simons Annet , Godley Lucy A. , Ross David M. , Hiwase Devendra K. , Soulier Jean , Brown Anna L. , Carmichael Catherine L. , Scott Hamish S. , Hahn Christopher N.
Published: July 2024

The genomics era has facilitated the discovery of new genes that predispose individuals to bone marrow failure (BMF) and hematological malignancy (HM). We report the discovery of ETS-related gene (ERG), a novel, autosomal dominant BMF/HM predisposition gene. ERG is a highly constrained transcription factor that is critical for definitive hematopoiesis, stem cell function, and platelet maintenance. ERG colocalizes with other transcription factors, including RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2), on promoters or enhancers of genes that orchestrate hematopoiesis. We identified a rare heterozygous ERG missense variant in 3 individuals with thrombocytopenia from 1 family and 14 additional ERG variants in unrelated individuals with BMF/HM, including 2 de novo cases and 3 truncating variants. Phenotypes associated with pathogenic germ line ERG variants included cytopenias (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and pancytopenia) and HMs (acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia) with onset before 40 years. Twenty ERG variants (19 missense and 1 truncating), including 3 missense population variants, were functionally characterized. Thirteen potentially pathogenic erythroblast transformation specific (ETS) domain missense variants displayed loss-of-function (LOF) characteristics, thereby disrupting transcriptional transactivation, DNA binding, and/or nuclear localization. Selected variants overexpressed in mouse fetal liver cells failed to drive myeloid differentiation and cytokine-independent growth in culture and to promote acute erythroleukemia when transplanted into mice, concordant with these being LOF variants. Four individuals displayed somatic genetic rescue by copy neutral loss of heterozygosity. Identification of predisposing germ line ERG variants has clinical implications for patient and family diagnoses, counseling, surveillance, and treatment strategies, including selection of bone marrow donors and cell or gene therapy.
Self-perceptions of aging, physical activity, and depressive symptoms in older community residents with varied neighborhood walkability in Taiwan
Authors: Liao Jung-Yu , Lien Yin-Yi , Liao Yung , Lien Yin-Ju
Published: July 2024

Background

Prior research has identified the mediating effect of physical activity in the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and physical health. However, this impact on mental health is unknown, and the influence of environmental contexts proposed by ecological models in this regard remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of physical activity in the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and depressive symptoms in older adults, and compare the impact across four levels of neighborhood walkability.

Methods

A sample of 1,055 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 or above was obtained through random-digit-dialing computer-assisted telephone interviewing. The individual’s neighborhood walkability was calculated using Walk Score®, and categorized into four levels: car-dependent, somewhat walkable, very walkable, and walker’s paradise. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed.

Results

We found that more positive self-perceptions of aging were associated with fewer depressive symptoms and a mediation effect of physical activity in this relationship. Among the four levels of neighborhood walkability, the mediation effect of physical activity was only statistically significant in the lowest level (car-dependent). The findings supported our hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of self-perceptions of aging on depressive symptoms via physical activity. Neighborhood walkability might potentially influence the mediating role of physical activity.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes key areas on intervention programs and policy formulation to promote mental health in older adults.
YOLO-V5 based deep learning approach for tooth detection and segmentation on pediatric panoramic radiographs in mixed dentition
Authors: Beser Busra , Reis Tugba , Berber Merve Nur , Topaloglu Edanur , Gungor Esra , Kılıc Münevver Coruh , Duman Sacide , Çelik Özer , Kuran Alican , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki
Published: July 2024

Objectives

In the interpretation of panoramic radiographs (PRs), the identification and numbering of teeth is an important part of the correct diagnosis. This study evaluates the effectiveness of YOLO-v5 in the automatic detection, segmentation, and numbering of deciduous and permanent teeth in mixed dentition pediatric patients based on PRs.

Methods

A total of 3854 mixed pediatric patients PRs were labelled for deciduous and permanent teeth using the CranioCatch labeling program. The dataset was divided into three subsets: training (n = 3093, 80% of the total), validation (n = 387, 10% of the total) and test (n = 385, 10% of the total). An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm using YOLO-v5 models were developed.

Results

The sensitivity, precision, F-1 score, and mean average precision-0.5 (mAP-0.5) values were 0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 respectively, to teeth detection. The sensitivity, precision, F-1 score, and mAP-0.5 values were 0.98, 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively, to teeth segmentation.

Conclusions

YOLO-v5 based models can have the potential to detect and enable the accurate segmentation of deciduous and permanent teeth using PRs of pediatric patients with mixed dentition.
Sedentary behavior is associated with the mental health of university students during the Covid-19 pandemic, and not practicing physical activity accentuates its adverse effects: cross-sectional study
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Carolina Rafael , Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves de , de Paula Waléria , Chagas Carolina Martins dos Santos , Machado Elaine Leandro , de Freitas Eulilian Dias , Cardoso Clareci Silva , de Carvalho Vidigal Fernanda , Nobre Luciana Neri , Silva Luciana Saraiva da , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: July 2024

Background

Movement behaviours, such as sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity, have become a public health issue due to their implications for physical and mental health. The literature indicates that the university environment influences the movement behaviors of university students, and the strategies adopted during the pandemic may have favored a decrease in the practice of physical activity and an increase in the time dedicated to SB in this population. We aimed to evaluate the association of SB and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with presence of symptoms of mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This is a multicenter survey conducted with undergraduate students from eight Brazilian universities between October 2021 and February 2022 using an online questionnaire. The outcome variable was symptoms of anxiety and depression, assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. SB was assessed by total sitting time, being that individuals with ≥ 9 h/day were classified with high SB. The practice of MVPA was evaluated based on weekly frequency, duration, and type of exercise. Subsequently, the ratio between the time spent in MVPA (minutes/day) and the time spent in SB (hours/day) was calculated, being considered as cutoff point was the practice of 2.5 min of MVPA for each sedentary hour. To assess the association between the outcome and explanatory variables, multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results

A total of 8,650 students participated in the study, with an average age of 23.9 years (SD: ± 6.34). In the multivariate analysis, the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.37 (95% CI: 1.24–1.50)] and depression [OR: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.47–1.77)] were higher in individuals with ≥ 9 h of SB per day. In the analysis of the relationship between MVPA and SB, not engaging in 2.5 min of MVPA per hour of SB increases the odds of anxiety symptoms [OR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.31–1.58)] and depression [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.59–1.92)].

Conclusion

The results suggest that SB is a risk factor associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression and that not engaging in MVPA exacerbates the negative effects of SB.
Estimating vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 using cause-specific sick leave as an indicator: a nationwide population-based cohort study, Norway, July 2021 – December 2022
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Veneti Lamprini , Kristoffersen Anja Bråthen , Danielsen Anders Skyrud , Stecher Melanie , Starrfelt Jostein
Published: July 2024

Background

Due to changes in testing policy and increased use of rapid tests, other indicators for SARS-CoV-2 infections are needed to monitor vaccine effectiveness (VE). We aimed to estimate VE against COVID-19 sick leave (> 3 days, certified by a medical professional) among employed individuals (25–64-years-old) in Norway.

Methods

We performed a nationwide cohort study by collating data from the Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazard models with vaccine status as a time-varying covariate and presented results as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Separate models were run against sick leave and against SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Delta period (June-December 2021), and against sick leave during the Omicron period (January-December 2022) when SARS-CoV-2 PCR-testing was replaced by rapid self-tests and infections were underreported.

Results

We included 2,236,419 individuals during the Delta period, of whom 73,776 (3.3%) had a reported infection and 54,334 (2.4%) were registered with sick leave. Of the 2,206,952 included individuals in the Omicron period, 300,140 (13.6%) were registered with sick leave. During the Delta period, 55% (26,611) of individuals who had registered sick leave also had a positive test, compared to 32% (96,445) during the Omicron period. The VE against sick leave during the Delta period followed a similar waning pattern to that against SARS-CoV-2 infections. After the second and third dose, the lowest aHRs were estimated for 2–7 days after vaccination for both sick leave (0.25; 95%CI 0.24–0.26 and 0.26; 95% CI 0.24–0.29) and infection ( 0.16; 95% CI 0.15–0.17 and 0.18; 95% CI 0.16–0.19) respectively. During the Omicron period, aHRs for sick leave were higher than during the Delta period, but the lowest aHRs were still found in 2–7 weeks after receiving the second (0.61; 95% CI 0.59–0.64) or third dose (0.63; 95% CI 0.62–0.64).

Conclusion

Our results showed that sick leave could be a relevant indicator for VE in the surveillance of COVID-19 and a finding that may be important in the surveillance of other respiratory infection.
miPEP31 alleviates Ang II-induced hypertension in mice by occupying Cebpα binding sites in the pri-miR-31 promoter
Authors: Li Xiangxiao , Zhou Hong , Lu Pengfei , Fang Zilong , Shi Guangzheng , Tong Xinran , Chen Wendong , Jiang Gonghao , Zhang Peili , Tian Jingyan , Li Qun
Published: July 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown that peptides encoded by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can be used as peptide drugs to alleviate diseases. We found that microRNA-31 (miR-31) is involved in the regulation of hypertension and that the peptide miPEP31, which is encoded by the primary transcript of miR-31 (pri-miR-31), can inhibit miR-31 expression. However, the role and mechanism of miPEP31 in hypertension have not been elucidated.

Methods

miPEP31 expression was determined by western blot analysis. miPEP31-deficient mice (miPEP31−/−) were used, and synthetic miPEP31 was injected into Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. Blood pressure was monitored through the tail-cuff method. Histological staining was used to evaluate renal damage. Regulatory T (Treg) cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Differentially expressed genes were analysed through RNA sequencing. The transcription factors were predicted by JASPAR. Luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to determine the effect of pri-miR-31 on the promoter activity of miPEP31. Images were taken to track the entry of miPEP31 into the cell.

Results

miPEP31 is endogenously expressed in target organs and cells related to hypertension. miPEP31 deficiency exacerbated but exogenous miPEP31 administration mitigated the Ang II-induced systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation, renal impairment and Treg cell decreases in the kidney. Moreover, miPEP31 deletion increased the expression of genes related to Ang II-induced renal fibrosis. miPEP31 inhibited the transcription of miR-31 and promoted Treg differentiation by occupying the Cebpα binding site. The minimal functional domain of miPEP31 was identified and shown to regulate miR-31.

Conclusion

miPEP31 was identified as a potential therapeutic peptide for treating hypertension by promoting Treg cell differentiation in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that miPEP31 acted as a transcriptional repressor to specifically inhibit miR-31 transcription by competitively occupying the Cebpα binding site in the pri-miR-31 promoter. Our study highlights the significant therapeutic effect of miPEP31 on hypertension and provides novel insight into the role and mechanism of miPEPs.
The paradox of workplace violence in the intensive care unit: a focus group study
Authors: Sjöberg Fredric , Salzmann-Erikson Martin , Åkerman Eva , Joelsson-Alm Eva , Schandl Anna
Published: July 2024

Background

Conflicts with patients and relatives occur frequently in intensive care units (ICUs), driven by factors that are intensified by critical illness and its treatments. A majority of ICU healthcare professionals have experienced verbal and/or physical violence. There is a need to understand how healthcare professionals in ICUs experience and manage this workplace violence.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive analysis of four hospitals in Sweden was conducted using semi-structured focus-group interviews with ICU healthcare professionals.

Results

A total of 34 participants (14 nurses, 6 physicians and 14 other staff) were interviewed across the four hospitals. The overarching theme: “The paradox of violence in healthcare” illustrated a normalisation of violence in ICU care and indicated a complex association between healthcare professionals regarding violence as an integral aspect of caregiving, while simultaneously identifying themselves as victims of this violence. The healthcare professionals described being poorly prepared and lacking appropriate tools to manage violent situations. The management of violence was therefore mostly based on self-taught skills.

Conclusions

This study contributes to understanding the normalisation of violence in ICU care and gives a possible explanation for its origins. The paradox involves a multifaceted approach that acknowledges and confronts the structural and cultural dimensions of violence in healthcare. Such an approach will lay the foundations for a more sustainable healthcare system.
Effect of spin-lock frequency on quantitative myocardial T1ρ mapping
Authors: Han Caiyun , Xu Huimin , Gao Hui , Liu Fang , Wu Jian , Liu Yan , Cheng Yong , Deng Wei , Yue Xiuzheng , Wu Zhigang , Yu Yongqiang , Zhao Ren , Han Yuchi , Li Xiaohu
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To use T1ρ mapping to assess myocardial fibrosis and to provide a reference for future clinical application, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing T1ρ values. This study explored the influence of different spin-locking frequencies on T1ρ values under a 3.0-T MR system.

Methods

Fifty-seven healthy subjects were prospectively and consecutively included in this study, and T1ρ mapping was performed on them in 3 short-axis slices with three spin-lock frequencies at the amplitude of 300 Hz, 400 Hz, and 500 Hz, then nine T1ρ images were acquired per subject. Four T1ρ-weighted images were acquired using a spin-lock preparation pulse with varying durations (0 msec, 13.3 msec, 26.6 msec, 40 msec). T1ρ relaxation times were quantified for each slice and each myocardial segment. The results were analyzed using Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods.

Results

Mean T1ρ relaxation times were 43.5 ± 2.8 msec at 300 Hz, 44.9 ± 3.6 msec at 400 Hz, and 46.2 ± 3.1 msec at 500 Hz, showing a significant progressive increase from low to high spin-lock frequency (300 Hz vs. 400 Hz, p = 0.046; 300 Hz vs. 500 Hz, p < 0.001; 400 Hz vs. 500 Hz, p = 0.043). In addition, The T1ρ values of females were significantly higher than those of males (300 Hz, p = 0.049; 400 Hz, p = 0.01; 500 Hz, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

In this prospective study, myocardial T1ρ values for the specific CMR setting are provided, and we found that gender and spin-lock frequency can affect the T1ρ values.

Critical relevance statement

T1ρ mapping could supersede late gadolinium enhancement for detection of myocardial fibrosis. Establishing reference mean values that take key technical elements into account will facilitate interpretation of data in disease states.

Key Points

This study established myocardial T1ρ reference values for different spin-lock frequencies.

T1ρ values increased with spin-lock frequency, but numerical differences were minimal.

Females had higher T1ρ values than males at all frequencies.

Graphical Abstract
Distinctive protein expression in elderly livers in a Sprague–Dawley rat model of normothermic ex vivo liver machine perfusion
Authors: Zimmer Maximilian , Hillebrandt Karl Herbert , Roschke Nathalie Nora , Lippert Steffen , Klein Oliver , Nebrich Grit , Gassner Joseph Maria George Vernon , Strobl Felix , Pratschke Johann , Krenzien Felix , Sauer Igor Maximilian , Raschzok Nathanael , Moosburner Simon
Published: July 2024

Background

Liver grafts are frequently declined due to high donor age or age mismatch with the recipient. To improve the outcome of marginal grafts, we aimed to characterize the performance of elderly vs. young liver grafts in a standardized rat model of normothermic ex vivo liver machine perfusion (NMP).

Methods

Livers from Sprague–Dawley rats aged 3 or 12 months were procured and perfused for 6 h using a rat NMP system or collected as a reference group (n = 6/group). Tissue, bile, and perfusate samples were used for biochemical, and proteomic analyses.

Results

All livers cleared lactate during perfusion and continued to produce bile after 6 h of perfusion (614 mg/h). Peak urea levels in 12-month-old animals were higher than in younger animals. Arterial and portal venous pressure, bile production and pH did not differ between groups. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 1477 proteins with oxidoreductase and catalytic activity dominating the gene ontology analysis. Proteins such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and 2-Hydroxyacid oxidase 2 were significantly more present in livers of older age.

Conclusions

Young and elderly liver grafts exhibited similar viability during NMP, though proteomic analyses indicated that older grafts are less resilient to oxidative stress. Our study is limited by the elderly animal age, which corresponds to mature but not elderly human age typically seen in marginal human livers. Nevertheless, reducing oxidative stress could be a promising therapeutic target in the future.
Biofouling and biomineralization of tubular concretions attached to Longquan celadon from Shengbeiyu shipwreck, China (14th Century CE): a multi-analytical case study
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Li Yu , Zha Jianrui , Han Xiangna , Wang Hao
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive multi-analytical investigation was conducted on a piece of Longquan celadon excavated from the Shengbeiyu shipwreck site in the East China Sea. This study focused on a representative type of tubular bio-concretions attached to the submerged celadon, believed to have been formed through the construction activities of a marine tubeworm belonging to the benthic phylum of Polychaeta Annelids. The research examined the microstructure, composition and adhesion form of these tubular bio-concretions, aiming to elucidate their developmental and attachment patterns from a biomineralization and biofouling perspective. The tubular bio-concretions were found to have a bimineralic composition, with notably higher content of aragonite than calcite, and display diverse yet highly ordered microstructures. The presence of organic matter within the bio-concretions indicates an organic matrix-controlled crystallization model, commonly observed in the construction of benthic calcareous tubes. Microscopic analyses revealed the primary degradation microstructures and corresponding phases of the glaze to which calcareous tubes attached. These findings closely resembled the corrosion characteristics observed in submerged ceramic glaze without bio-concretion attachments, as documented in earlier studies. OM and SEM observations also indicated that the calcareous tubes intricately intermeshed with the cracked glaze layer of the celadon. Additionally, Raman spectroscopic analysis detected the presence of proteins at the interface, likely residual adhesives secreted by fouling organisms to cement themselves to the settlement substrata, suggesting the occurrence of organic-mediated bio-adhesion mechanisms. These results shed new light on the formation process of bio-concretions and their interaction with attached underwater ceramics. A simplified formation mechanism of this biologically-induced degradation has been discussed.
Epidemiological trends of subarachnoid hemorrhage at global, regional, and national level: a trend analysis study from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Lv Bin , Lan Jin-Xin , Si Yan-Fang , Ren Yi-Fan , Li Ming-Yu , Guo Fang-Fang , Tang Ge , Bian Yang , Wang Xiao-Hui , Zhang Rong-Ju , Du Zhi-Hua , Liu Xin-Feng , Yu Sheng-Yuan , Tian Cheng-Lin , Cao Xiang-Yu , Wang Jun
Published: July 2024

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by high mortality and low rates of full recovery. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of SAH between 1990 and 2021.

Methods

Data on SAH incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to evaluate changes in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence and mortality, as well as trends in SAH burden. The relationship between disease burden and sociodemographic index (SDI) was also analyzed.

Results

In 2021, the incidence of SAH was found to be 37.09% higher than that in 1990; however, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) showed a decreased [EAPC: -1.52; 95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.66 to -1.37]. Furthermore, both the number and rates of deaths and DALYs decreased over time. It was observed that females had lower rates compared to males. Among all regions, the high-income Asia Pacific region exhibited the highest ASIR (14.09/100,000; 95% UI 12.30/100,000 − 16.39/100,000) in 2021, with an EPAC for ASIR < 0 indicating decreasing trend over time for SAH ASIR. Oceania recorded the highest age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized DALYs rates among all regions in 2021 at values of respectively 8.61 (95% UI 6.03 − 11.95) and 285.62 (95% UI 209.42 − 379.65). The burden associated with SAH primarily affected individuals aged between 50 − 69 years old. Metabolic risks particularly elevated systolic blood pressure were identified as the main risk factors contributing towards increased disease burden associated with SAH when compared against environmental or occupational behavioral risks evaluated within the GBD framework.

Conclusions

The burden of SAH varies by gender, age group, and geographical region. Although the ASRs have shown a decline over time, the burden of SAH remains significant, especially in regions with middle and low-middle SDI levels. High systolic blood pressure stands out as a key risk factor for SAH. More specific supportive measures are necessary to alleviate the global burden of SAH.