bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering Ethics and Management Decision-Making
Authors: Hasan S ny Md Rezayan , Ahmed Mumit , Hasan Milon Razikul , Jahan Labony RIFAT , Hasan Rabbi Rahat
Published: June 2024

This thesis explores the vital intersection of engineering ethics and management decision-making, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations in engineering practices to ensure responsible and sustainable outcomes. Engineering ethics encompasses a set of moral principles guiding the professional conduct of engineers, essential for maintaining public safety, welfare, and trust. The study investigates the application of three major ethical theories—deontological ethics, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics—in engineering contexts. Additionally, it examines decision-making models, including the rational decision-making model, bounded rationality, and intuitive decision-making, highlighting their integration with ethical principles. Through detailed case studies such as the Challenger disaster and the Volkswagen emissions scandal, the thesis illustrates the real-world implications of ethical and managerial failures. These case studies underscore the importance of prioritizing ethical considerations and the catastrophic consequences of neglecting them. The research culminates in proposing a comprehensive framework for ethical decision-making in engineering management, consisting of four steps: ethical awareness, ethical judgment, ethical intent, and ethical action. This framework aims to systematically incorporate ethics into engineering decisions, supported by tools such as ethical checklists, decision trees, and ethical risk assessment models. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the critical role of an ethical culture within engineering organizations and the need for ethical leadership and accountability mechanisms. Recommendations include fostering an ethical culture, implementing ethical frameworks, encouraging ethical leadership, and enhancing oversight and accountability. The study also identifies areas for future research, including cross-cultural ethical practices, the impact of emerging technologies, and longitudinal studies on the long-term effects of ethical decision-making frameworks.
A Comparative Study of Tooth Print in Surfaces of Normal and Fluorosed Teeth as a Biomarker in Forensics for Person Identification
Authors: P Mareeswaran , C.R Murali , K T Shanmugam , G Kesavan , Kumar Ajith , A Anjali , V K Beneesh
Published: June 2024

Aim The aim is to study, compare and analyse the enamel rod end patterns in healthy and fluorosed teeth for person identification.  Methodology A total of 120 participants were taken for our study, categorized into 2 groups, Group I consists of fluorosed teeth and Group II consists of Normal teeth, each group comprised of 30 males and 30 females. In anteriors, maxillary central incisor and canine and in posteriors, first premolars were selected. So a total of 360 samples were recorded for the analysis. Acetate peel technique was used for recording the tooth print and Verifinger® standard SDK version 11.1 software was used for analysis.  Results Our study showed that the fluorosed teeth showed a difference from complete to incomplete or inter-rupted pattern unlike normal teeth which had a complete pattern only. The variation in the enamel rod end patterns between normal and fluorosed teeth was statistically significant in central incisor and canine respectively but not in premolars. Also the variation in enamel rod end patterns between the gender was statistically significant among central incisor, canine and premolar.  Conclusion Ameloglyphics is a recent evolving forensic tool for personal identification. The procedure is painless and is based on the enamel rod patterns on the surface of tooth.
The Chemical Analysis of Water Quality of India
Authors: Alpeshbhai Thakkar Sonali
Published: June 2024

Water quality is affected to animal environment as well as human life so the current data set is analyzing the factor which is affecting to water quality. The important parameters of water quality are ph, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biodisolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate and chloroform. Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological and radiological characteristics of India. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed.
A Comment on the Solar Activity Level in 1791 by Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro
Authors: Aparicio A. J. P. , Vaquero J. M.
Published: June 2024

Past solar activity is of great interest for astrophysical and geophysical studies. Systematic searches over the last four centuries have detailed the evolution of the solar cycle. Brief comments on solar activity for periods with sparse records, such as the year 1791, are crucial. Lorenzo Hervás y Panduro, a Jesuit intellectual, noted in his 1793 book that sunspots were seen almost daily from 1791 January 1 to April 20. This would suggest a solar activity level estimated at a sunspot number of around 70.
A Lack of Mass-gap Compact Object Binaries in APOGEE
Authors: Schochet Meir , Tayar Jamie , Andrews Jeff J.
Published: June 2024

Depending principally on mass, the compact object remnant left behind after a star’s life may be a white dwarf, neutron star (NS), or black hole (BH). While we have large samples of each of these remnants, we lack knowledge of the exact conditions separating these outcomes. The boundary between low-mass BHs and massive NSs is particularly poorly understood, as few objects between 2 and 5 M
⊙ are known. To probe this regime, we search the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 17th Data Release data set of 657,000 unique stars for binary systems with one stellar component that exhibit large radial velocity shifts over multiple observations. We identify 4751 likely binary systems, and estimate a minimum mass for each system’s “invisible companion” under the assumption of tidal synchronization. Two systems have companion masses ≳2 M
⊙, although we conclude that neither are good candidates for possessing a mass-gap NS or BH companions.
Conversion of chromium from simulated batik waste through the utilization of gamma irradiation technique to produce potassium dichromate
Authors: Putra Sugili , Nurfiana Fifi , Sari Junita , Yusmaman Waringin M.
Published: June 2024

Chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) is a type of hazardous waste generated by the batik industry. In this study, the gamma irradiation technique was applied to precipitate chromium in simulated batik mordanting waste. Gamma irradiation induced the generation of active species, including hydrated electrons (eaq-) and hydrogen atoms (•H), which effectively reduced Cr(Ⅵ) ions to Cr(Ⅲ) and caused precipitation as chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3) upon interaction with hydroxide ions (OH-). Optimal precipitation conditions were observed at 40 kGy irradiation dose, 4M of 2-propanol work as scavenger, and pH 9. The applied reaction conditions led to a decrease in the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in simulated waste from 11,673 ppm to 177 ppm. The Cr(OH)3 was calcined to form chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and through a chemical process was synthesized back into K2Cr2O7 with the total Cr recovery of 63.39%. SEM and FTIR analysis indicated that the recovery of Cr(Ⅵ) into Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3, and K2Cr2O7 can be considered successful.
Why corporate social responsibility should be recognized as an integral stream of international corporate governance
Authors: Paul Karen
Published: June 2024

This paper reviews the existing corporate social responsibility (CSR) content in the field of international corporate governance (ICG) and suggests specific lines of potential integration of existing theory and research on topics such as green finance, sustainability, and bottom-of-the-pyramid studies. The approach began with an extensive review of the literature in ICG culminating in a review by Aguilera et al. (2019) in which three streams of ICG research were identified. Examples of existing elements of CSR were subsumed in these dimensions, and an argument was made for more integration. CSR was not an important part of international business theory and research in the early days of the field. However, sufficient research exists now in CSR and of CSR topics in the field of international business to justify that CSR should be recognized as an important stream in ICG. This integration would be beneficial since calling attention to the development of theory and research and data availability in CSR can inform international business (IB) and ICG researchers and enable them to tackle previously under-researched issues from other disciplines and areas of the world.
Número de referencias en la producción científica. Una aproximación a su evolución a partir de las revistas incluidas en SciELO Colombia
Authors: Abadía Adolfo A.
Published: June 2024

Este artículo es un análisis exploratorio para el caso de las revistas incluidas en SciELO Colombia. Su principal objetivo consiste en describir el desempeño del número de referencias por artículos para identificar tendencias y patrones entre 2004 y 2019. Metodológicamente recurre a la perspectiva bibliométrica, un enfoque principalmente cuantitativo, para analizar un total de 61.350 artículos publicados por 224 revistas, los cuales acumulan 1.983.030 Referencias bibliográficas. En este estudio, las revistas fueron asociadas a las seis Grandes áreas del conocimiento de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y los artículos se agruparon según número total de referencias: 0-19, 20-39, 40-59-60-79 y >80. Uno de los principales resultados se observa en la reducción sistemática de la proporción de artículos con el más bajo número de referencias (0-19), principalmente en áreas como Humanidades e Ingeniería y tecnología, mientras que aumenta la de los artículos con entre 20 y 59 referencias bibliográficas en las seis áreas.
Colère et tremblement : les dieux de la Mésopotamie se révèlent aux hommes
Authors: Masetti-Rouault Maria Grazia
Published: June 2024

La tradition textuelle cunéiforme, qui se constitua dès le milieu du troisième millénaire avant notre ère, ne fournit que de rares attestations de tremblements de terre dans le monde syro-mésopotamien, bien qu’ils aient dû avoir lieu fréquemment. Ce sont plutôt des documents appartenant aux archives d’État de l’Empire néo-assyrien (viie siècle avant notre ère) qui mentionnent des séismes, considérés surtout comme des signes communiqués par les dieux et destinés au roi, objet de leur courroux, pour lui annoncer son destin et celui de l’État. Le roi pourra ainsi faire célébrer par les spécialistes les rites nécessaires pour éviter la crise.
Le Freud-Kreis. Structures changeantes d’un cercle, d’un mouvement et d’une institution
Authors: Pechriggl Alice
Published: June 2024

Le Freud-Kreis est un groupe qui apparaît d’abord comme cercle, devient ensuite un mouvement, puis une institution. Le présent texte cherche à mettre en lumière la forme et la structure changeante de la psychanalyse à Vienne à partir de la création de la Mittwochsgesellschaft. Il s’agira de retracer l’émergence puis l’élargissement de ce qu’on en est venu à appeler Freud-Kreis dans le contexte historico-culturel viennois de l’entre-deux-guerres. Durant cette période se succèdent la chute de l’empire, l’institution de la Première République durant la révolution démocratique, la destitution de la démocratie par le coup d’État austro-fasciste de 1933-1934 et les quatre ans de l’État autoritaire sous Dollfuss, enfin l’Anschluss de 1938 qui marque la fin de l’Autriche – mais pas de la psychanalyse à Vienne. En s’appuyant sur les recherches historiographiques sur les débuts du mouvement psychanalytique, ce texte examine notamment le processus d’institutionnalisation et la forme d’organisation de la création freudienne à partir d’une philosophie de la société qui différencie les sphères privée, publique et politique en se servant des concepts développés au sein de la théorie psychanalytique de groupe.
Le cercle autour de Hans Kelsen
Authors: Ladavac Nicoletta Bersier
Published: June 2024

Les cercles de Vienne, phénomène culturel particulier, ont marqué la culture viennoise pendant une trentaine d’années à partir de la fin du xixe siècle. Imprégnés par une réflexion épistémologique appliquée à la science, les cercles de Vienne étaient composés de philosophes, de mathématiciens et de scientifiques. Le plus célèbre fut sans doute le Wiener Kreis organisé par Moritz Schlick en 1922, auquel ont participé des philosophes et des scientifiques ; il se caractérisait par une forte recherche épistémologique des sciences, reposant sur l’approche philosophique du positivisme logique. Autour de Hans Kelsen, figure de référence de tout juriste, s’est également formé un cercle, le Kelsen-Kreis, ayant pour finalité la diffusion du célèbre texte de Hans Kelsen, la Reine Rechtslehre (Théorie pure du droit), par lequel Kelsen se proposait de critiquer et surtout de refonder la science juridique sur des bases scientifiques et selon une méthodologie scientifique. Le Kelsen-Kreis regroupait des personnes s’intéressant à l’œuvre de Kelsen et à ses idées juridiques novatrices, afin de les étudier et de les développer. La méthode de recherche du Kelsen-Kreis était la même que celle du Wiener Kreis, avec lequel il entretenait des contacts et des échanges scientifiques. Le Kelsen-Kreis a développé des problématiques essentielles en matière de science juridique : l’orientation générale néo-positiviste et néo-empirique antimétaphysique, l’affirmation de la primauté gnoséologique de la science juridique, la pertinence de la vérité des propositions juridiques sur la base de leur structure logico-formelle, et l’analyse philosophico-juridique considérée comme une activité logico-épistémologique.
Le Spann-Kreis et le néoromantisme nationaliste
Authors: Roques Christian E.
Published: June 2024

Parmi les différents « cercles » qui organisent la vie intellectuelle viennoise de l’entre-deux-guerres, il en est un qui domine les autres au regard de l’influence qu’il exerce sur l’ensemble de l’espace germanique : le Spann-Kreis. Se construisant autour de la pensée et de l’œuvre du sociologue et « prophète » autoproclamé Othmar Spann, l’école néoromantique viennoise constitue le cœur de la contre-offensive conservatrice et réactionnaire de la « Vienne noire » (Janek Wasserman) qui se met en place après la première guerre mondiale. Après un rapide exposé des grandes lignes de l’« universalisme » de Spann, l’article se penche sur la structure et composition du Spann-Kreis, avant de retracer, dans une troisième partie, les principaux supports de diffusion par lesquels les néoromantiques viennois diffusent la parole du prophète dans l’espace germanique. Enfin, la conclusion s’interroge sur l’éclipse totale du Spann-Kreis après 1945.
Hans Kelsen et le positivisme logique du Cercle de Vienne
Authors: Lecoutre François
Published: June 2024

Sans pour autant avoir fait partie du Cercle de Vienne, Hans Kelsen a été en contact avec ses membres. Outre leur attachement commun à la social-démocratie, qui ne sera pas évoqué dans cet article, nous présenterons en premier lieu le combat contre la métaphysique mené à la fois par Kelsen et les positivistes logiques. Nous nuancerons ensuite leur opposition, fréquemment soulignée, au sujet du caractère unitaire de la science en nous appuyant sur Society and Nature. Dans cet ouvrage, Kelsen estime en effet que le dualisme, qu’il a tant contribué à creuser entre « cause » et « norme » ou entre « fait » et « valeur », pourrait à terme se résorber avec la naturalisation des sciences sociales. Ainsi, il se rapproche étroitement du monisme méthodologique de Carnap et du Cercle de Vienne, en faisant le pari de l’unité de la science qui pourrait un jour dépasser les dualismes introduits dans le passé et sur lesquels repose sa Théorie pure du droit.
Maxime de Tyr et la voix du philosophe
Authors: Daroca Javier Campos , Cruces Juan L. López
Published: June 2024

Maxime de Tyr essaie d’harmoniser les voix de Platon et d’Homère en attribuant au philosophe les vertus « vocales » du poète. Il donne à la voix une importance constante tout au long des Conférences. Elle est même le sujet de la première, qui a une valeur programmatique pour l’ensemble de son œuvre.
Identification of Green E-Commerce Adoption Among SMEs Based on the TOE Framework With Demographics as Control Variables
Authors: Muafi Muafi , Religia Yoga , Ramawati Yussi
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the adoption of green e-commerce among SMEs in Indonesia through the lens of the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Using a quantitative approach with 126 SME owners who have adopted green e-commerce, the study finds that technology, organization, and the environment significantly influence green e-commerce adoption. Specifically, SMEs are more likely to adopt green e-commerce when they perceive it as useful and aligned with their values, receive organizational support, and face pressure from customers and competitors. Contrary to expectations, the owner's education level, product type, and duration of operations do not significantly impact the adoption decision. The study contributes to theory by reaffirming the TOE framework's relevance in predicting green e-commerce adoption and provides practical insights for stakeholders to enhance SMEs' green business practices and digital transformation efforts.
The Singularity Is Near?
Authors: García-Contreras Rigoberto García , Valle-Cruz David , Sandoval-Almazán Rodrigo
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence is growing exponentially, revolutionizing society, and approaching a virtual point called the “Singularity.” This chapter explores the complex relationship between artificial intelligence, human rights, and their impact on social behavior and ethos. By proposing a framework and analyzing international cases, the authors provide examples of the challenges and opportunities arising from this interaction. Artificial intelligence presents enormous opportunities and potential benefits, but it also raises serious concerns about the risks associated with it. This research reveals the dual nature of artificial intelligence, which acts as a double-edged sword in societal impact. Like any emerging and exponential technology, it takes time and conscious thought to understand and manage the potential impact of artificial intelligence on society and human rights. This chapter highlights the need for an informed approach to the implementation of artificial intelligence to ensure the protection of human rights while harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence for social progress.
Organisational Change and Knowledge-Sharing Strategies in Managing Risks
Authors: Abdullmalek Naizatul Hakimah , Said Thuraya Farhana , Anshari Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The study is a case-based analysis of a merging Telco organisation that created uncertainties for many stakeholders. A qualitative research method was deployed in order to examine whether knowledge sharing could be used to ease and reduce uncertainties in facilitation in ensuring employee readiness, where objectives such as finding out factors to influence communication in ensuring change readiness and finding out the role of knowledge sharing as a potential platform for effective communication in times of organisational change and uncertainties were examined. In addition, the study also employed bibliographic analysis of the published articles on knowledge transfer and organisational change to track the trends of the topic and determine its recency. This paper is expected to give insights on the role of knowledge sharing and its significance in the context of organisational change especially from developing country's perspective.
Exploring the Intersection of Digital Transformation and Women's Operational Efficiency in Leading Positions in the Bahraini Governmental Sector
Authors: Ben Yahia Karim
Published: June 2024

This chapter delves into the intersectionality of gender, digital transformation, and governmental operations in Bahrain, focusing on women leaders' experiences. It investigates the impact of digitalization, including ICT, AI, IoT, and ERP, on their roles, through qualitative interviews with 19 female professionals in governmental ministries. Findings emphasize digitalization's efficiency boost, notably through cloud computing, yet challenges persist in digital access and skills. Targeted training initiatives tailored to women's needs are imperative. The chapter highlights women's significant contribution to inclusive digital strategies and agile organizational management. It advocates for policies supporting women's equitable access to digital technologies and active engagement in governmental digital transformation efforts across the Middle East, serving as a beacon for similar populations in the region.
Breaking the Gender Inequality in the Boardroom
Authors: Noor Nurul Hidayana Mohd , Hisham Puteri Rania Suraya Badrul , Sabri Nur Shahadah Mohd
Published: June 2024

Women's leadership has become one of the main agendas in the 5th Sustainable Development Goal. All parties have recognized women's contribution to the country's development. In this modern world, women are still faced with the practice and understanding that women are of lower status than men due to patriarchal practices. Therefore, the study examined the influence of familial responsibility, women's competencies, and organizational support on female directorship. The research design for this study is a secondary quantitative study. This research's data were gathered from published private-sector datasets. The study's data included 137 organizations and was collected using probability systematic sampling. The data analysis tool used in this research is correlation analysis. The study results show no significant relationship between familial responsibility and organizational support and female directorship. Conversely, a significant relationship exists between women's competencies and female directorship.
Eco-Feminist Perspectives Influencing Virtual Organizations for Environmental Sustainable Development Policy
Authors: Fathy El Dessouky Naglaa
Published: June 2024

A growing number of research divulges that eco-feminist perspectives are playing a significant moderator role influencing the relationship between virtual organizations and environmentally sustainable development policies. However, there is a lack of research on this topic, especially in developing countries. To fill this gap, this study examines how eco-feminist perspectives impact the practices of virtual organizations in the Egyptian public banking sector. A rational framework was introduced to address the research questions and provide a structure for analyzing the topic under investigation. The chapter concluded that there is a noteworthy moderator role of the eco-feminist perspectives shaping the relationship between remote workplace practices and environmentally sustainable development policies. The study recommended explicit practices and policies empowering women to be a significant key player with greater impact in this endeavor especially in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19.
Sticky Floors, Broken Ladders, and Glass Ceilings
Authors: Elbeshbishi Amal Nagah , Shafik Mariam S.
Published: June 2024

Career women often face challenges within male-dominated hierarchies and confront traditional values that dictate perceptions of suitable divisions of labor. Research on women's career progression underscores the underrepresentation of women in elite leadership and top executive roles across diverse organizations. Despite the well-documented barriers, there has been insufficient attention given to the specific issues that hinder career women's advancement. The concepts of “sticky floors”, “broken ladders”, and “glass ceilings” encapsulate the various obstacles that impede women from fully accessing and thriving in leadership positions. This chapter will paint a dark but realistic picture of career women's journey towards depression. The idea of equality between men and women should remain where it is supposed to be in books, classrooms, and other environments where reality sometimes either goes on vacation or is overshadowed by self-interest especially from some men in powerful positions who adopt the strategy of “do as we say, not as we did” which amounts to nothing less than kicking away the ladder of development from career women. In an ideal world, there should be a balance in the gender availability on leadership positions as the world is moving its efforts towards anti-discrimination practices. However, the reality presents challenges such as limited career opportunities, gender stereotypes, inequalities, and discrimination faced by career women. This chapter aims to delve into these factors impacting career women's path to leadership roles and their mental well-being. It will also offer recommendations for career women to nurture their mental health at work and for organizations to provide the necessary support.
Empowering Minds
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Sabareeshwari V. , Sowmiya K. C. , Arun V. P.
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the key themes, methodologies, and findings embedded within the research. The chapter delves into the intricate web of factors influencing women's mental health, acknowledging the interplay of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural elements. By adopting a holistic perspective, it seeks to identify and address the unique challenges and opportunities that shape women's mental well-being across diverse contexts. One focal point of the research involves an examination of existing mental health systems and their efficacy in catering to the specific needs of women. The chapter employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews, surveys, and quantitative data analysis to extract nuanced insights into the barriers and facilitators that women encounter within mental health frameworks. It critically evaluates the accessibility, affordability, and effectiveness of available mental health services, recognizing the inter-sectionality of gender with other socio-demographic factors.
The Transformative Role of Women in the Public and Private Sectors in Ghana
Authors: Jacqueline Z.
Published: June 2024

Women's transformative roles in both formal and informal organisations at the international, regional, and national levels are affected by history, development, gender diversity, power relations, gender inequality, and the status of women's rights. From the perspectives of feminist institutionalism and transformational feminist leadership, the transformational roles of women in the public and private sectors are context-dependent. To explore women's role in the achievement of change in public and private sector institutions in Ghana, this chapter focuses on theoretical issues, including women's real-life experiences with regards to the following major topics women's role in politics and their impact on organisational development. Sub-themes related to these topics are also discussed. The chapter ends with a look at the future status of women's transformative roles in the public and private sectors. This chapter provides additional useful insights into how researchers and practitioners could better exploit women's transformative competency for the purpose of inducing changes in individuals, groups, organisations, and in the larger society, with regards to their values, systems, beliefs, practices, and culture.
Women in Politics
Authors: Al-Aali Ebtihaj Ahmed , AlSaffar Gardenia , Masmoudi Meryem
Published: June 2024

The research, presented in this chapter, elaborates on the issue of women in politics in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The National Action Charter of Bahrain is the start for the democracy era in the kingdom in 2001. An election takes place every four years. Women's equality in private and public sectors enables the kingdom to achieve sustainably. Studies about women in politics in Bahrain and in the Arabian Gulf countries are rare. This chapter attempts to examine the status of women in politics in Bahrain. A tentative understanding for the issue of women in politics is shown. Women's motivation, challenges/barriers faced by women, and strategies to enhance women's engagement in politics are investigated.
Analyzing Fuel Cell Vehicles in India via the PESTLE Framework and Intelligent Battery Management Systems (BMS)
Authors: Tagesse Tamirat , Arulkumar S. , Mahalingam S. , Subbarao Tadepalli Naga Venkata Rama , Munjal Neha , Boopathi S.
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the intersection of blockchain technology, fuel cell vehicles, and intelligent battery management systems (BMS) in the context of India's e-mobility landscape. Using the PESTLE framework, it examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing the adoption and implementation of fuel cell vehicles. The chapter delves into the significance of integrating blockchain into e-mobility infrastructure, specifically focusing on enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency in data management. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal role of intelligent BMS in optimizing battery performance and longevity within these vehicles. By amalgamating these technologies and considering the diverse contextual factors, this chapter offers insights into the potential advancements and challenges in shaping India's e-mobility future.
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies for Revolutionizing Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure
Authors: Muthukaruppasamy S. , J. Nandha Gopal , Arun Sampaul Thomas G.
Published: June 2024

The distribution of electricity system will be impacted by the growing number of electric vehicles (EVs). As a result, an infrastructure must be developed to help charging station owners efficiently handle EV customers' charging needs and guarantee that their demands are met without going over the electricity grid's limits. EV users will have issues within a few decades because charging sites will not be available, and the grid will get crowded as a lot of EVs try to charge at the same time. Thus, EV charging trends could be coordinated with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, and charging stations can be connected to the grid. AI is capable of identifying the best times and routes for charging electric vehicles based on the current price of energy. While distributing demand throughout the grid to prevent power spikes, blockchain technology can validate transactions at charging stations. They allow optimised management of energy, decentralised electrical networks, sustainable integration, and future charging infrastructure to expedite the resilient energy systems.
Evaluation of the Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal, and Environmental Perspectives of Second Life Electric Vehicle Batteries in India
Authors: Mathew Mobi , Sundaram Sivasankari , Niyas Hakeem
Published: June 2024

Enhanced promotion of green mobility through different government policies as an outcome of the initiatives to counter climate change has resulted in a wide acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) throughout the world. A similar reflection can be seen in the Indian automotive market, which indicates the adherence of the Indian government to the actions adopted to effectively counter the climate change. The sale of EVs in India has seen an increase of 141% in 2022 from the preceding year. It is expected to further increase the sale of EVs in the Indian market. EV batteries generally have a life span of 5-6 years, and these batteries will serve their desired purpose in this time. Post the first life of the batteries, they are generally employed for the second life applications like the use in renewable energy systems. Thus, an evaluation of the potential employability of these second-life EV batteries (SLEVBs) is essential to understand the cost-effective and environmentally friendly applications. In this chapter, the PESTLE analysis of the SLEVBs from the Indian context is detailed.
Leveraging Fuel Cell Technology With AI and ML Integration for Next-Generation Vehicles
Authors: Muthukumar R. , G. Pratheep V. G. , S. J. Sultanuddin , Kunduru Krishnamohan Reddy , Kumar Praveen , Boopathi Sampath
Published: June 2024

The integration of fuel cell technology with artificial intelligence and machine learning in electric vehicles (EVs) has the potential to enhance efficiency, performance, and reliability. Fuel cells, a clean alternative to traditional engines, produce electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen, with water vapor as the only byproduct. AI-driven algorithms analyze vast data from sensors and onboard systems, while ML algorithms enable early detection of potential system failures. AI-based driver assist systems can optimize driving behaviors using fuel cell data. However, integrating fuel cell technology with AI and ML faces challenges like data management, algorithm development, and interoperability with existing vehicle systems. Interdisciplinary collaboration between automotive engineers, data scientists, and AI specialists is needed to develop robust, scalable solutions.
COVID-19 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Rituximab Compared to Natalizumab and Healthy Controls: A Real-World Multicenter Study
Authors: Mathew Thomas , Garg Surabhi , John Saji K. , Kimi Mal S. , Chhakchhuak Naom Z. , Koshy Sherina , Yangdonq Tenzin , George Molly , Bhardwaj Shagun , Reddy Yerasu M. , Murgod Uday , Kamath Vikram , Shivde Sonia , Badachi Sagar , Huddar Akshata , Sarma Gosala R. K. , Nadig Raghunandan
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing various immunomodulating therapies can vary. Individuals on B-cell therapy, such as rituximab, may be more susceptible to infection compared to those treated with natalizumab.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients receiving rituximab, natalizumab, and healthy controls.

Methods:

This retrospective multicentric study included data derived from a centralized MS registry of four centers in South India. Data of patients on rituximab and natalizumab recruited between 2020 February and 2022 December were extracted from the registry and analyzed. The outcomes studied were the occurrence of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, death, post-COVID-19 relapses, and post-vaccine relapses. These outcomes were compared between the treatment groups and the matched controls.

Results:

COVID-19 infection occurred in 49.1% (26/53) of those on rituximab, 19.2% (5/26) of those on natalizumab, and 11.5% (6/52) of healthy controls. In addition, 8/53 (15.1%) in the rituximab group and 1/26 (3.8%) in the natalizumab group were hospitalized. All 6/52 (11.5%) in the control group had mild infection, and none were hospitalized. No deaths occurred in any group. On statistical analysis, the occurrence of COVID-19 infection in the rituximab group was significantly higher when compared to natalizumab (P = 0.0141) and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Hospitalizations were significantly higher in the rituximab group when compared to healthy controls (P < 0.006).

Conclusion:

MS patients treated with rituximab were more likely to experience COVID-19 infection compared to those treated with natalizumab and healthy controls. Hospitalization was more frequently seen in patients treated with rituximab compared to healthy controls.
Navigating the Uncharted: A Rare Case of Ocular Flutter and Intermittent Jaw Movements in a Case of Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
Authors: Arora Kunal , Singh Amit S. , Bedi Rajeev , Dang Ketan , Kaur Arunjeet
Published: June 2024

Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world, neurologic complications arising from direct leukemic involvement of the nervous system are reported in only 1% of patients with CLL. Ocular involvement in CLL, direct or indirect, is less known and exceptionally rare. This case involves a 63-year-old female with CLL undergoing chemotherapy for a year, who recently presented with unusual eye movements in the horizontal plane (ocular flutter), resting and intentional tremors in the right upper and lower limbs, and intermittent jaw movements. With no established protocol for CLL with central nervous system involvement, collecting case data becomes crucial for determining optimal treatment and diagnostic approaches early on.
Efficacy of Locally Delivered Herbal Chip Containing (8% Mimusops elengi) as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Udhya A S , Vivekanandan Gopinath , Elangovan Gayathri Priyadharshini , Saranya Settu , Surya Duraisamy , Munagala Karthik Krishna
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Conventional mechanical debridement does not remove all pathogenic bacteria from the subgingival environment. To overcome these limitations, local drug delivery systems enhance the curative effect by combining with drugs, which promote bone and tissue regeneration. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered herbal chips containing (8% Mimusops elengi) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) and compared to SRP alone for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

A randomised split-mouth clinical study was conducted among chronic periodontitis patients undergoing periodontal therapy. Thirty subjects with 60 sites were divided into test and control groups. The control sites were treated with SRP alone, whereas the test sites were treated with SRP followed by placement of an 8% M. elengi herbal chip within the pockets. Patients were recalled on the 21st and 45th day, and clinical parameters were measured.

Results:

An inter-group comparison of all the clinical parameters between the control and test sides was statistically analysed. At all periods of the study, the mean difference was observed to be highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The 8% M. elengi chip is effective as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis probing depth. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of M. elengi.
Unveiling Nature’s Secrets: Activating Silent Biosynthetic Genes Clusters in Fungi and Bacteria
Authors: Arivuselvam Rajaguru , Nagappan Krishnaveni , Raj P. Vasanth , Rajeshkumar Raman
Published: June 2024

Microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria are prosperous producers of secondary metabolites; moreover, they are home to a large number of silent biosynthetic gene clusters, but they are all poorly expressed. Thus, these resultant compounds remain cryptic or unknown. However, since these cluster products have many bioactivities, stimulating their production and gaining access to their related structures are considered a top priority. Here, we summarize the three strategies that have been the topic of current trends. Regulating of genetic investigation, heterogeneous and refactoring cluster expression, as well as elicitor and coculture screening are the strategies utilized to unlock the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). These all help to triggers the manufacturing of innovative metabolites having various functions.
Myeloid sarcoma: Experience from a tertiary care center in southern India – A series of eight unusual cases
Authors: Murugan Roobashri , Sharan Kuppuswamy Chandrasekaran , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Basu Debdatta , Kar Rakhee , Jinkala Sree Rekha , Stephen Norton , Kayal Smita
Published: June 2024

Background:

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass comprising myeloid blasts with or without maturation occurring in any site other than bone marrow. It is a rare and distinct clinical presentation of myeloid neoplasm.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study over 7 years (2015–2022) comprising a series of eight cases, which includes clinical details, morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, cytogenetics, and molecular details.

Results:

These cases showed up as an isolated MS (3/8), as an initial clinical presentation in acute myeloid leukemia (1/8), as acute myeloid leukemia (1/8), as a disease progression in primary myelofibrosis (1/8), as chronic myeloid leukemia (1/8), and as BCR-ABL-negative myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (1/8). One of the three isolated MS was incorrectly identified as having Ewing’s sarcoma. One case each presented at the cervical lymph node, mediastinum, skin, sacral soft tissue, maxillary sinus, and perinephric fat, and two cases presented at the hard palate.

Conclusion:

Four of the cases in our study were clinically thought of as lymphoma/sarcoma, which was a major diagnostic challenge. All but one case succumbed to their disease. Without adequate clinical history and appropriate use of ancillary techniques such as IHC in tissue biopsies, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular studies, these cases have a high chance of being misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, small round blue cell tumor, or undifferentiated carcinomas, which can complicate patient management and prognosis.
Association between PD-L1 expression with EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 driver oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Onur Dülger , İlhan Yaylım , Büge Öz
Published: June 2024

Background:

Driver mutations and immunological expressions have gained importance in recent years for targeted therapies and immunotherapies of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Aims:

This study examined the association between PD-L1 expression and ALK, ROS1, and EGFR driver oncogene mutations in patients with NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 501 NSCLC patients were included for analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a PD-L1 clone 22c3. EGFR mutations were detected by PCR. ALK and ROS1 rearrangement analysis was performed with FISH. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between PD-L1 expression and EGFR mutation. PD-L1 expression was higher in the EGFR wild-type than in mutated EGFR (P = 0.0002). There was no relationship between PD-L1 expression and ALK and ROS1 mutations (P = 0.8899, P = 0.2512, respectively). PD-L1 expression was higher in nonadenocarcinomas (non-AC) than in adenocarcinomas (AC) (P = 0.0438). The ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations were higher in ACs (P = 0.0073, P = 0.0012, respectively). ALK, ROS1 rearrangements, and EGFR mutations were higher in nonsmokers (P < 0.05). EGFR mutations were detected more frequently in females than males (P = 0.001). There was no relationship between gender and ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 (P > 0.05). The prevalence of EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 driver mutations in the Turkish population was 9.3%, 5.3%, and 2.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, PD-L1 expression and mutated EGFR status have a highly negative association. PD-L1 expression was higher in EGFR wild-type patients. Therefore, it shows that the opportunity to receive PD-L1-related treatment may be higher in these patients. We think that PD-L1 immunohistochemical evaluation will increase the clinical predictive importance in EGFR wild-type cases.
The significance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jiang Y. , Pang Xiaojun , Peng Jiao , Liu Jingtao , Deng Qiang , Jian Shunhai
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the relationship between the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and to analyze their correlation and explore its clinical value.

Materials and Methods:

In total, we enrolled 120 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed. The abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tissue specimens of esophageal cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. We measured the correlation between the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results:

The tissue abundance of CD4+ T lymphocytes was closely related to tumor prognosis (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship between the tissue abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes and patients’ prognosis (P < 0.05), indicating that a high abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes predicts better prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surprisingly, we found that a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio predicted a better prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions:

The tissue abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes can serve as an important indicator for predicting the long-term survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A high CD4+/CD8+ ratio may improve patients’ prognosis through several pathways. The association of this ratio with clinical and pathological characteristics may explain the poor efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. These findings may help us find new targets for immunotherapy by exploring the immune microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Management of External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sinha Mihika , Pujary Kailesh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of external auditory canal (EAC) is rare malignancies. They are dealt with a combination of surgery in case they are operable and postoperative treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with/without chemotherapy based on the extent of involvement. The complexity of the anatomy that is dealt with here makes the diagnosis and treatment difficult.

Materials and Methods:

Four patients of SCC of EAC were reviewed retrospectively between 2019 and 2023.

Results:

All patients were aged between 50 and 70 years, all patients presented with otalgia, aural fullness, and bloody/blood-stained discharged. One patient presented with preoperative facial nerve palsy; One patient had a history of undergoing surgery for a squamous variety of chronic otitis media; one patient presented with involvement of the pinna along with EAC. Three patients were treated with lateral temporal bone resection and superficial parotidectomy with neck dissection followed by postoperative RT and one patient was sent for palliative RT in view of the skull base and intracranial involvement.

Conclusion:

A holistic approach is required for SCC of EAC considering it usually mimics other common otological conditions with presentation such as otalgia, blood-stained discharge; preoperative radiology is imperative in deciding the extent of resection. Their lack definitive anatomical landmarks for its progression and hence EAC SCC are aggressive tumors prone for perineural and lymphovascular invasion along with high rates of recurrence.
A Prospective Comparative Study of Temporalis Fascia Graft versus Platelet-rich Plasma with Temporalis Fascia Graft in the Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Agrawal Navin , Hansrajani Vishal , Singhai Tanmay , Narang Shivam
Published: June 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant for tympanoplasty for perforations of the tympanic membrane with temporalis fascia versus tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia only.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media tubotympanic type were divided into groups of 50 each. Patients in group one underwent tympanoplasty with PRP, while those in the second group underwent tympanoplasty without PRP. Pre- and postoperative graft status and pure-tone audiometry were performed for all the patients, and the outcomes were compared.

Results:

Graft uptake in the case group was 90% and while in the control group was 84%. The result was better in cases that underwent tympanoplasty with PRP. The improvement in the A-B gap was significantly more in the case group as compared to that of the control group.

Conclusion:

Temporalis fascia graft alone and along with PRP, both techniques has excellent results. The use of PRP along with temporalis fascia in cases of large central perforation gives an additional benefit in respect to healing time and audiological gain.