bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS) for Improving the Accuracy of the Risk Classification of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Mahon Jeffrey , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Rafkin Lisa E. , Beam Craig A. , Boulware David C. , Matheson Della , Cuthbertson David , Herold Kevan C. , Eisenbarth George , Palmer Jerry P. ,   the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet and Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Study Groups
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE

We studied the utility of the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS) for improving the accuracy of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk classification in TrialNet Natural History Study (TNNHS) participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The cumulative incidence of T1D was compared between normoglycemic individuals with DPTRS values >7.00 and dysglycemic individuals in the TNNHS (n = 991). It was also compared between individuals with DPTRS values <7.00 or >7.00 among those with dysglycemia and those with multiple autoantibodies in the TNNHS. DPTRS values >7.00 were compared with dysglycemia for characterizing risk in Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) (n = 670) and TNNHS participants. The reliability of DPTRS values >7.00 was compared with dysglycemia in the TNNHS.

RESULTS

The cumulative incidence of T1D for normoglycemic TNNHS participants with DPTRS values >7.00 was comparable to those with dysglycemia. Among those with dysglycemia, the cumulative incidence was much higher (P < 0.001) for those with DPTRS values >7.00 than for those with values <7.00 (3-year risks: 0.16 for <7.00 and 0.46 for >7.00). Dysglycemic individuals in DPT-1 were at much higher risk for T1D than those with dysglycemia in the TNNHS (P < 0.001); there was no significant difference in risk between the studies among those with DPTRS values >7.00. The proportion in the TNNHS reverting from dysglycemia to normoglycemia at the next visit was higher than the proportion reverting from DPTRS values >7.00 to values <7.00 (36 vs. 23%).

CONCLUSIONS

DPTRS thresholds can improve T1D risk classification accuracy by identifying high-risk normoglycemic and low-risk dysglycemic individuals. The 7.00 DPTRS threshold characterizes risk more consistently between populations and has greater reliability than dysglycemia.
Improving Oral Health Status of Children in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baghdadi Ziad
Published: February 2014

This comprehensive community health intervention aimed to improve the oral health and reduce the incidence of dental caries in Tabuk schoolchildren. The program supports the public health pyramid that provides a framework to improve health and included creating and evaluating a school oral health surveillance system, applying fluoride varnish and dental sealants on high- and medium-caries risk children, and providing treatment for existing diseases. In a pilot phase, 48 children (26 males 22 females; mean age 6.42; dmft 9.33, Decayed, Missing, or Filled Primary and Permanent Teeth (DMFT) 3.27) received the dental services, both treatment and prevention. Three hundred seventy-eight composite resin or resin-modified light-cured glass ionomer restorations were placed. One-hundred and eighteen teeth received pulp therapy (pulpotomy or pulpectomy), ten of which received stainless steel crowns. A total of 72 teeth were extracted due to caries. To understand the effects of dental disease on children, as perceived by parents, an oral health-related quality of life survey was completed and analyzed. Results found an underestimation of the role the teeth play, particularly primary teeth, in the general health and wellbeing of the child. The program’s main evaluation effort focused on the process and outcome objectives, including the number of children received care, number of teeth received restorations and sealants, and number of children received fluoride varnish, etc. Analyzing the effect of the program on oral hygiene revealed an improvement in oral health, as a direct result of oral health educational sessions and one-to-one counseling. There is an urgent need to expand the program to include all primary schools.
Maximum Entropy Production vs. Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropy in a Constrained ASEP Model
Authors: Mihelich Martin , Dubrulle Bérengère , Paillard Didier , Herbert Corentin
Published: February 2014

The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) has become a paradigmatic toy-model of a non-equilibrium system, and much effort has been made in the past decades to compute exactly its statistics for given dynamical rules. Here, a different approach is developed; analogously to the equilibrium situation, we consider that the dynamical rules are not exactly known. Allowing for the transition rate to vary, we show that the dynamical rules that maximize the entropy production and those that maximise the rate of variation of the dynamical entropy, known as the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy coincide with good accuracy. We study the dependence of this agreement on the size of the system and the couplings with the reservoirs, for the original ASEP and a variant with Langmuir kinetics.
Convex Optimization for the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Engine Start and Gearshift Costs
Authors: Nüesch Tobias , Elbert Philipp , Flankl Michael , Onder Christopher , Guzzella Lino
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a novel method to solve the energy management problem for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with engine start and gearshift costs. The method is based on a combination of deterministic dynamic programming (DP) and convex optimization. As demonstrated in a case study, the method yields globally optimal results while returning the solution in much less time than the conventional DP method. In addition, the proposed method handles state constraints, which allows for the application to scenarios where the battery state of charge (SOC) reaches its boundaries.
A Toy Cosmology Using a Hubble-Scale Casimir Effect
Authors: McCulloch Michael
Published: February 2014

The visible mass of the observable universe agrees with that needed for a flat cosmos, and the reason for this is not known. It is shown that this can be explained by modelling the Hubble volume as a black hole that emits Hawking radiation inwards, disallowing wavelengths that do not fit exactly into the Hubble diameter, since partial waves would allow an inference of what lies outside the horizon. This model of “horizon wave censorship” is equivalent to a Hubble-scale Casimir effect. This incomplete toy model is presented to stimulate discussion. It predicts a minimum mass and acceleration for the observable universe which are in agreement with the observed mass and acceleration, and predicts that the observable universe gains mass as it expands and was hotter in the past. It also predicts a suppression of variation on the largest cosmic scales that agrees with the low-l cosmic microwave background anomaly seen by the Planck satellite.
Effects of Age, Season, Gender and Urban-Rural Status on Time-Activity: Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2)
Authors: Matz Carlyn , Stieb David , Davis Karelyn , Egyed Marika , Rose Andreas , Chou Benedito , Brion Orly
Published: February 2014

Estimation of population exposure is a main component of human health risk assessment for environmental contaminants. Population-level exposure assessments require time-activity pattern distributions in relation to microenvironments where people spend their time. Societal trends may have influenced time-activity patterns since previous Canadian data were collected 15 years ago. The Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey 2 (CHAPS 2) was a national survey conducted in 2010–2011 to collect time-activity information from Canadians of all ages. Five urban and two rural locations were sampled using telephone surveys. Infants and children, key groups in risk assessment activities, were over-sampled. Survey participants (n = 5,011) provided time-activity information in 24-hour recall diaries and responded to supplemental questionnaires concerning potential exposures to specific pollutants, dwelling characteristics, and socio-economic factors. Results indicated that a majority of the time was spent indoors (88.9%), most of which was indoors at home, with limited time spent outdoors (5.8%) or in a vehicle (5.3%). Season, age, gender and rurality were significant predictors of time activity patterns. Compared to earlier data, adults reported spending more time indoors at home and adolescents reported spending less time outdoors, which could be indicative of broader societal trends. These findings have potentially important implications for assessment of exposure and risk. The CHAPS 2 data also provide much larger sample sizes to allow for improved precision and are more representative of infants, children and rural residents.
Remote Sensing-Based Biomass Estimation and Its Spatio-Temporal Variations in Temperate Grassland, Northern China
Authors: Jin Yunxiang , Yang Xiuchun , Qiu Jianjun , Li Jinya , Gao Tian , Wu Qiong , Zhao Fen , Ma Hailong , Yu Haida , Xu Bin
Published: February 2014

Grassland biomass is essential for maintaining grassland ecosystems. Moreover, biomass is an important characteristic of grassland. In this study, we combined field sampling with remote sensing data and calculated five vegetation indices (VIs). Using this combined information, we quantified a remote sensing estimation model and estimated biomass in a temperate grassland of northern China. We also explored the dynamic spatio-temporal variation of biomass from 2006 to 2012. Our results indicated that all VIs investigated in the study were strongly correlated with biomass (α < 0.01). The precision of the model for estimating biomass based on ground data and remote sensing was greater than 73%. Additionally, the results of our analysis indicated that the annual average biomass was 11.86 million tons and that the average yield was 604.5 kg/ha. The distribution of biomass exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity, and the biomass decreased from the eastern portion of the study area to the western portion. The interannual biomass exhibited strong fluctuations during 2006–2012, with a coefficient of variation of 26.95%. The coefficient of variation of biomass differed among the grassland types. The highest coefficient of variation was found for the desert steppe, followed by the typical steppe and the meadow steppe.
Feature Optimization for Long-Range Visual Homing in Changing Environments
Authors: Zhu Qidan , Liu Xue , Cai Chengtao
Published: February 2014

This paper introduces a feature optimization method for robot long-range feature-based visual homing in changing environments. To cope with the changing environmental appearance, the optimization procedure is introduced to distinguish the most relevant features for feature-based visual homing, including the spatial distribution, selection and updating. In the previous research on feature-based visual homing, less effort has been spent on the way to improve the feature distribution to get uniformly distributed features, which are closely related to homing performance. This paper presents a modified feature extraction algorithm to decrease the influence of anisotropic feature distribution. In addition, the feature selection and updating mechanisms, which have hardly drawn any attention in the domain of feature-based visual homing, are crucial in improving homing accuracy and in maintaining the representation of changing environments. To verify the feasibility of the proposal, several comprehensive evaluations are conducted. The results indicate that the feature optimization method can find optimal feature sets for feature-based visual homing, and adapt the appearance representation to the changing environments as well.
Climate Change Politics through a Global Pledge-and-Review Regime: Positions among Negotiators and Stakeholders
Authors: Buhr Katarina , Roth Susanna , Stigson Peter
Published: February 2014

Pledge-and-review is an essential pillar for climate change mitigation up until 2020 under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In this paper, we build on a survey handed out to participants at the Seventeenth Conference of Parties in 2011 to examine to what extent climate negotiators and stakeholders agree with existing critiques towards pledge-and-review. Among the critique examined, we find that the one most agreed with is that the pledges fall short of meeting the 2 degree target, while the one least agreed with is that pledges are voluntary. We also find that respondents from Annex 1 parties are more critical than respondents from Non-Annex 1 parties. Negotiators display strikingly similar responses regardless of where they are from, while there is a remarkable difference between Annex 1 and Non-Annex 1 environmental non-governmental organizations. We build on these results to discuss the legitimacy of pledge-and-review.
Antitumor Cell-Complex Vaccines Employing Genetically Modified Tumor Cells and Fibroblasts
Authors: Miguel Antonio , Herrero María , Sendra Luis , Botella Rafael , Diaz Ana , Algás Rosa , Aliño Salvador
Published: February 2014

The present study evaluates the immune response mediated by vaccination with cell complexes composed of irradiated B16 tumor cells and mouse fibroblasts genetically modified to produce GM-CSF. The animals were vaccinated with free B16 cells or cell complexes. We employed two gene plasmid constructions: one high producer (pMok) and a low producer (p2F). Tumor transplant was performed by injection of B16 tumor cells. Plasma levels of total IgG and its subtypes were measured by ELISA. Tumor volumes were measured and survival curves were obtained. The study resulted in a cell complex vaccine able to stimulate the immune system to produce specific anti-tumor membrane proteins (TMP) IgG. In the groups vaccinated with cells transfected with the low producer plasmid, IgG production was higher when we used free B16 cell rather than cell complexes. Nonspecific autoimmune response caused by cell complex was not greater than that induced by the tumor cells alone. Groups vaccinated with B16 transfected with low producer plasmid reached a tumor growth delay of 92% (p ≤ 0.01). When vaccinated with cell complex, the best group was that transfected with high producer plasmid, reaching a tumor growth inhibition of 56% (p ≤ 0.05). Significant survival (40%) was only observed in the groups vaccinated with free transfected B16 cells.
Clinical Documentation and Data Transfer from Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease Wards in Outbreak Settings: Health Care Workers’ Experiences and Preferences
Authors: Bühler Silja , Roddy Paul , Nolte Ellen , Borchert Matthias
Published: February 2014

Understanding human filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) clinical manifestations and evaluating treatment strategies require the collection of clinical data in outbreak settings, where clinical documentation has been limited. Currently, no consensus among filovirus outbreak-response organisations guides best practice for clinical documentation and data transfer. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health care workers (HCWs) involved in FHF outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, and with HCWs experienced in documenting and transferring data from high-risk areas (isolation wards or biosafety level 4 laboratories). Methods for data documentation and transfer were identified, described in detail and categorised by requirement for electricity and ranked by interviewee preference. Some methods involve removing paperwork and other objects from the filovirus disease ward without disinfection. We believe that if done properly, these methods are reasonably safe for certain settings. However, alternative methods avoiding the removal of objects, or involving the removal of paperwork or objects after non-damaging disinfection, are available. These methods are not only safer, they are also perceived as safer and likely more acceptable to health workers and members of the community. The use of standardised clinical forms is overdue. Experiments with by sunlight disinfection should continue, and non-damaging disinfection of impregnated paper, suitable tablet computers and underwater cameras should be evaluated under field conditions.
RFID Event Analysis Based on Complex Event Processing
Authors: Xiangsheng Kong
Published: February 2014

A variety of devices and ubiquitous computing systems such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) generate and exchange significant events during their execution. In this paper, compared to most existing RFID framework, We provide a framework of RFID system based on Complex Event Processing which aims at providing a scalable solution for gathering, filtering, and providing clean RFID data. We design a complex event detection algorithm of performing Complex Event Processing directly over unreliable RFID event streams by incorporating cleansing requirements into complex event specifications. We explain how raw RFID events can make business process data accessible for process mining. The results of this research can be widely used for RFID events analysis in various areas such as logistics and manufacturing systems.
Channel Aware Cooperative FEC/ARQ Mechanism Based on Kalman Filter Prediction for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Jin Yong , Xia Kaijian
Published: February 2014

The QoS-Guarantee of data delivery over wireless link is a big challenge due to the unreliable and dynamic characteristics of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a cooperative forward error correction (FEC)/automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism was proposed, in the hope that the data packets could be received on receiver node with high quality. The mechanism, based on Kalman filter, predicts the bit error rate and adjusts the channel state parameters according to the bit error rate threshold value. Both the mathematical analyses and NS simulation demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves better performance, in terms of throughput, delay, reliability and energy efficiency comparing with traditional FEC/ARQ, cooperative FEC and cooperative ARQ.
A Survey of Game Theory Applications in Turkey
Authors: Seçilmiş İ. Erdem
Published: February 2014

This chapter gives a brief review of game theory applications in Turkey. The intention is twofold: first, to provide the reader with an overview of game theory and its applications in Turkey; second, to explore the tractability of economic problems when formulating them as game theory models. The discussion starts with a general description of game theory models and follows with an investigation of game theory applications performed in Turkey.
Interorganizational Information Systems and Interorganizational Relationships
Authors: Najar Tharwa , Amami Mokhtar
Published: February 2014

As the external environment and alliance partnerships become more complex, managers should consider appropriate partners to enhance the efficiency and performance of their chain, as well as to gain potential competitive advantages (Chang, et al., 2007). Additionally, due to increasing global competition many organizations are aware of the benefits of using electronic solutions to support their Business-to-Business (B2B) environment. Thus, they opt to establish an electronic infrastructure to carry out physical chain's transactions and cover potential interorganizational relations. This would explain the prevalent use of interorganizational Information Systems (IOS) over previous years. Indeed, several well-known firms such as Wal-Mart, Dell Computer, and Carrefour have attained strategic advantages by setting IOS in their chains. In regard to their incontestable success within B2B networks, the chapter first focuses on the concept of information technology and particularly “interorganizational information systems” and its theoretical approaches. Accordingly, this chapter argues as a second step the theoretical relation between information technology (or IOS) and interorganizational contexts. Some approaches are advanced to conceptualize this interaction. The socio-technical approach is largely presented due to its relevance to research propositions.
Reducing Corruption and Protecting Privacy in Emerging Economies
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: February 2014

This chapter presents a location-based affective computing system, which can assist growing emerging markets by helping them reduce crime and increase public safety when used in conjunction with CCTV. Internet systems based on location-based services have increased in availability. Social platforms such as Twitter and Facebook now employ the information on user locations to provide context to their posts, and services such as Foursquare rely on people checking into different places, often to compete with their friends and others. Location-based information, when combined with other records, such as CCTV, promotes the opportunity for a better society. People normally abused by corrupt state officials for crimes they did not commit will now have alibis, shops will be able to more effectively build trust and procure new customers through “social proof,” and other forms of corruption will be tackled such as benefit fraud and tax evasion. Trust that everyone is paying his or her fair share can develop.
The Role of Religion and National Culture in Economic Growth of Emerging Markets
Authors: Chandan Harish C.
Published: February 2014

Religion can influence economic growth and economic growth can influence religiosity (Barro & Mitchell, 2004; Barro & McCleary, 2003; McCleary, 2007). Earlier, Weber (1904, 1930, 1958) had suggested that the protestant work ethic gave rise to capitalism and that other major world religions including Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism were not conducive to capitalism. However, the data on predicted growth rates and the current majority religion for the 24 emerging economies (Yeyati & Williams, 2012; IMF WEO, 2010) suggest these emerging economies with high growth rates include a variety of geo-political regions representing many different religions, national cultures, and even “no-religion” affiliation. For the same majority religion, the economic growth rates and Hofstede’s (1980) national culture dimensions vary among nations. Thus, religion alone is not sufficient to explain the higher economic growth of the emerging economies. The economic growth is influenced by additional social, political, and macroeconomic variables including human capital, infrastructure, technological progress, political stability, capital formation, domestic credit to private sector, foreign domestic investment, inflation rate, exchange rate, and international trade. In a secular sense, the religious beliefs and cultural values related to work and social ethic are conducive to economic growth through entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness.
A Game Theoretic Approach to Corporate Lending by the Banks in India
Authors: Das Rituparna
Published: February 2014

A series of corporate loan defaults facing the Indian banks in the post-crisis period of 2008 led to the downgrading of India’s global credit rating in 2012. Against this backdrop, this chapter delivers an insight to the reader into the games that occur between lending banks and corporate borrowers in addition to the games between the banks themselves in lending competition. The chapter covers various strategies of actions in the structures of bilateral monopoly, duopoly, and oligopoly, the Nash equilibrium, prisoners’ dilemma, decision trees, and binomial analysis. In modeling the default probability, the profits of the lender and the borrower, a number of corollaries, one lemma, and one theorem are deduced in this chapter.
Sustainable Development and Turkey’s Biomass Energy Potential
Authors: Karaca Coşkun , Erdoğdu M. Mustafa
Published: February 2014

Although energy is indispensable for the provision of basic human needs and economic growth, it simultaneously threatens the basic elements of life when its production and usage is based on fossil fuels. Scientific evidence proves that high carbon emission is the main reason behind climate change. Therefore, producing energy from more sustainable type of energies has great importance not only to ensure preservation of a clean and livable environment for future generations, but also to reduce high dependence on fossil fuels for the production of energy. The latter issue is particularly important for emerging nations such as Turkey, which do not possess large fossil fuel reserves. Currently, Turkey is in a position to meet less than one third of its energy need domestically. Increasing the share of energy produced from biomass would help to create a low-carbon economy and cleaner environment, and increase the security of the energy supply and reduce dependence on imported oil and gas. The present study focuses on the level of Turkey’s biomass energy potential and the way in which to make efficient use of this potential. The chapter forwards two main questions: (1) To what extent can the quality of environment be improved via biomass energy? (2) What changes occur in economic variables such as foreign trade, employment, and balance of payments when fossil fuel is substituted with biomass energy?
Rapid Fabrication of Large-Area SiO2 Nanoparticle Monolayer Films Via Water-Induced Interfacial Assembly
Authors: Li Chao Rong , Yang Hu , Li Juan
Published: February 2014

Water/toluene interfacial self-assembly of nanostructures is a powerful bottom-up approach for film fabrication because of the low cost and high efficiency, and it is a simple and universal method for almost all low-dimensional nanostructures. The method involved adding alcohol and then toluene (here the dispersant was itself alcohol, only toluene was added) into SiO2 nanoparticle dispersion, and then a large quantity of distilled water was rapidly poured into the mixed system. Simultaneously, nanoparticles in the dispersion were extracted to the water/toluene interface, forming a thin film with a nearly perfect hexagonal close packed phase. Large-area nanoparticle monolayer films (e.g., more than 20 cm2) could be prepared in less than 1 min. The close-packed structures of these thin films were verified by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800, Japan). We also investigated the whole process of forming the films and found out the mechanism of water-induced interfacial assembly. As for the specific kinetic mechanism of the fabrication process, it is expected to further study in later time.
Influence of Adhesives to Mg/PTFE Pyrotechnical Composition Performances
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhao Jun , Pan Gong Pei
Published: February 2014

To find out the influence of adhesives to Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition, 12 materials such as fluororubber, phenolic resin, etc as the adhesives component of pyrotechnic composition, and which burning speeds were measured by high-speed camera, and by the way, which burning temperatures were checked by infrared thermometer. In addition, the friction and impact sensitivities of compositions had been compared. The experiment results show that the Mg/PTFE pyrotechnic composition with adhesive of phenolic resin has the best performance, which burning temperature is 1268.4 °C, linear burning speed is 6.46 mm·s-1, mass burning speed is 3.06 g·㎝-2·s-1.
Niobium-Alloyed Steel Treated by Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering
Authors: Zheng Hua , Wu Kai Ming , Sun S.F. , Hu G.W.
Published: February 2014

Given the strong recent interest in quenching-partitioning-tempering processed steels, the Niobium-alloyed medium carbon steel was investigated here. The microstructural observations and hardness were analyzed by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and hardness test. Results show that when quenched at 210°C and partitioned at 450°C, the quenching partitioning-tempering process leads to ultra fine-grained microstructures of martensite, retained austenite and carbides. And the microstructure and hardness changed differently with the increase of partitioned time.
Research of Process Parameters of Screwy Thin-Walled Part with Coaxial Inside-Beam Powder Feeding Accumulation
Authors: Liu Yu , Fu Ge Yan , Shi Shi Hong , Wu Ming Jun
Published: February 2014

Based on the technology of laser cladding manufacturing process with coaxial inside-beam powder feeding, screwy thin-walled part is accumulated on the substrate of 45# steel by controlling the angle of inclination, scanning paths, Z axis incremental and power. Through the inclined wall accumulation model and a large number of tests, limiting angle of the cladding accumulation is obtained. According to the forming process of screwy thin-walled part, two scanning paths are designed, which include continuous laser scanning between each layer and intermittent laser scanning between each layer, the better scanning path is gained by analyzing each path. A good forming part is obtained by controlling Z axis incremental and power simultaneously. The forming part is higher with smooth appearance and lower roughness, and wall thickness is uniformed.
Mechanism and Control of Eccentric Wear of Sucker Rod
Authors: Jin Han , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yuan Yuan
Published: February 2014

The issue of eccentric wear of sucker rod is not only reduce the strength of the sucker rod that results to sucker rod breaking, but also wear out the pipe leading to leakage of tubing, which impact the regular production of the well. This paper aims at the popular issue in-site, analyze the factors such as wellbore deviation, stroke and fluid viscosity, tested the effect of water content, submergence on the eccentric wear by the laboratory experiment. The mechanism of eccentric wear of sucker rod is studied based on the factors impact the deformation under the stress and displacement constraints. An advanced technique is proposed to prevent eccentric wear based on the theory of hydraulic lubrication theory. It can make wedge form gap formed between sucker rod and tubing with the special tools, so that prolong the life of the well.
Research of Power System for Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Ni Hong Jun , Lv Shuai Shua , Pei Yi , Chen Lin Fei
Published: February 2014

Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) is the ideal solution for Sustainable Mobility in the future. A new type of hydrogen fuel battery –Lithium-ion battery hybrid power system was introduced; The current hydrogen fuel cell vehicles power system and automotive hydrogen storage system at home and abroad are summarized. Energy efficiency factors as well as means to improve energy efficiency of fuel cell hybrid system were discussed.
Vibration Analysis of Cylindrical Shell with Different Circular Angle
Authors: Song Yu Chao , Huang Chao Ming , Yu Hong Liang
Published: February 2014

Aiming at the vibration characteristics of cylindrical shell, the different cases of cylindrical shell are analyzed through FEM, and the cases are determined according to the circular angle. The free modality results show that with the same dimension of shell, the modal shape of cases are similar to each other, the frequency increased with the increase of circular angle, but for circular angle (say 90°), the increase trend becomes lower as the frequency difference ratio is lower. In excited vibration analysis, there is a relationship between acceleration peak value and circular angle, which is illustrated by a non-dimension parameter.
Upper Control System Design of CPP Based on MCGS
Authors: Zhang Chuan Wei , Zhou Xue Gang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Li Ping
Published: February 2014

This paper designs the upper control system of CPP with a core of MCGS configurable software. First is the overall process analysis of CPP slack coal, for sure of the design of upper control system. Second is to take pictures configuration on the equipments of CPP, set real-time database and establish the alarm painting and numeric display under the MCGS configuration environment.
Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/MMT Nanocomposites
Authors: Duleba Branislav , Greškovič František , Spišák Emil , Dulebová Ľudmila
Published: February 2014

In this paper, study of preparation and testing of polymer nanocomposites (PNC) based on polypropylene matrix and montmorillonite nanofillers is described. Samples were prepared by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding to final shape. Changes of basic properties of these PNC ́s were tested and described in main part of this article.
Application of Nano Measurement in Development of Breast Cancer Perspective & Diagnosis
Authors: Shao Xu Hui
Published: February 2014

According to the principle of accurate imaging systems, the accurate nanomeasurement equipment is designed. On the basis of establishing the model of breast cancers to be processed, the nanomeasurement equipment is assembled in a virtual manner by using the application software Pro/ Engineer provided by three-dimensional CAD. The virtual image of the components of accurate video equipment is implemented either from top to bottom or reversely, providing a basis for simulation and development of this equipment.
The Optimized Assembly Mechanism Research of MorpHology of Hydrothermally Synthesized Nano-Alumina under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Hao Bao Hong , Xie Yong , Mei Kai Yuan , Liu Zhan Min
Published: February 2014

This paper adopts a multi-component composite addition mode of adding polar and apolar additives with complementary advantages to manufacture a space for metastable pHase,and enhance the coordination ability of the surface of the environmental media ,in order to overcome the present method that whiskers nano-alumina were prepared under acidic conditions and the sheets were prepared under alkaline conditions. In addition, based on isomorpHous replacement of polar iron ions and intercalation of sulfate ions, this paper fully exerts the restoration function of crystal morpHology on apolar surfactant to establish an environment pHase system for crystallizing the required target product. This paper proves the existence of the added elements by energy spectrum and indirectly verifies the surface restoration function of the apolar granules by structural lattice.
The Plasmonic Nanostructures Applied in the Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Liu Sheng Jun
Published: February 2014

Plasmonic, including of located surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), is a special kind of electromagnetic mode in nanometer scale. Plasmonic nanostructures can be generated to improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In the paper, the concepts of plasmonic and their influences by different metal nanostructure were introduced. Then the different principles of light utilization of plasmonic nanostructure in thin film photovoltaic cell was analyzed.
Research on the Adsorption Law of the Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst to the Dye
Authors: Liang Hui Rong
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the effects of the preparation conditions on the combination of the eosin dye and titanium dioxide were researched. The synthesis conditions included the absorption time, the initial dye concentration and the amount of absorbed titanium dioxide. The absorption properties of the eosin dye to the nano materials TiO2 were examined. The relations of absorption amount Q with the preparation variables had been investigated by analysis to the experimental results. The absorption amount Q decreased with increasing the absorbed TiO2 amount.
Preparation of PEG Functionalized Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Yan , Ren Jie , Leng Jun Zhao , Li Jian Bo , Deng Li
Published: February 2014

Nanosized calcium phosphate was prepared by a reverse microemulsion method, with a 20~40 nm diameter, which is pH-responsive, nontoxic and colloidally stable in physiological solution. Polyethylene glycol modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles shifted the zeta potential to a neutral charge, which prolonged the nanoparticle circulation time and increased cellular uptake efficacy to targeted cells. The PEG-functionalized nanoparticles exhibit a great potential for efficaciously delivering hydrophobic anticancer drug, such as paclitaxel, to cells and tumors.
Fundamental Research of Guide Sleeves in 3D Weaving Composites
Authors: Wu Xiao Chuan , Shan Zhong De , Liu Feng , Wang Zheng
Published: February 2014

In this study, fundamental research, including material selection and structure design of guide sleeves in 3D weaving composites were investigated by three-point bending test, compression test and SEM observation. The results showed that carbon fiber composite guide sleeves had much higher interface bonding strength than titanium alloy guide sleeves, while worse flexural strength. There were three kind of structure design of the guide sleeves that were groove, rough surface and untreated surface. Compared with the structure of untreated surface, guide sleeves with grooves and with rough surface exhibited higher interface bonding strength, due to increasing the contact area between the guide sleeve and resin. But the guide sleeves with rough surface took the advantages of more simple to preparation and lower cost than those with the grooves. Furthermore the structure of groove could damage the flexural behavior of the guide sleeves.
The Effect of the Chopped Fibers on the Damping Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Skins of the Polypropylene Honeycomb Sandwich Panel
Authors: Nagasankar P. , Balasivanandha Prabu S. , Ramachandran Velmurugan , Paskaramoorthy R.
Published: February 2014

The dynamic characteristics of fiber reinforced polymer skins with the alternate arrangement of continuous and chopped fibers on the polypropylene honeycomb core are investigated. It is envisaged that the damping could be improved by splitting the length of fiber into different short lengths so that more energy can be dissipated. The dynamic characteristics of FRP specimens with different forms of fibers were studied. The fibers were considered in the following five groups:, all continuous fibers, alternate arrangement of continuous and two chopped fibers, the same with three chopped fibers, four chopped fibers, and the five chopped fibers in. The natural frequencies and damping loss factors were evaluated by using the impulse technique with the half power band width method. The results revealed that for a given fiber volume fraction the damping could be improved by reducing the length of fibers.
Characterisation of Hand-Cast Polysiloxane-Silica Sheet Composite
Authors: Yahya Sufiah Mohamad , Azmi A. , Ahmad Sufizar , Taib Hariati
Published: February 2014

The study investigates the effects of various contents of rice husk silica (RHS) on mechanical properties of polysiloxane (POS) sheet composite. The polysiloxane sheet composites filled with 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt% of RHS were fabricated using casting technique at room temperature. The polysiloxane sheet reinforced RHS (POS-RHS) composites were characterised using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile test to determine the thermal and mechanical properties. It was found that the RHS as filler in polysiloxane is improvement in mechanical properties and the curve degradation of POS and POS-RHS are similarly. By using FTIR was shown the affect of Si and O bonding from RHS as filler.
Effect of Doping Cerium Oxide on Microwave Absorbing Properties of Polyaniline/Al-Alloy Foams Composite Materials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Jian Ming , Zhou Tian Guo
Published: February 2014

To study the effect of doping cerium oxide on the microwave absorbing properties of Polyaniline /Al-alloy foams, the surface of Al-alloy foams was coated with Polyaniline (denoted by CfP),and doping 1%, 2%,5% (mass percent) cerium oxide (denoted by CfP1,CfP2,CfP5) of Polyaniline respectively. The coated Al-alloy foams were tested according to the Standard GJB 2038-94 Method to test the reflectivity of radar absorbing materials, i.e., the RCS (radar cross-section) method. The morphology and distribution of microwave absorbent were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractomer (XRD).The absorbing properties of each example under different wave band were discussed. The results indicated that in the 12~18GHz and 26.5~40GHz bands the absorbing properties increase with the increase of frequency, and after doping the rare earth oxide, the absorbability of the composite material was enhanced.
Research on the Ignition Performances of the Titanium Composite SCB
Authors: Jia Xin , Pei Wei Shun , Zhou Fang , Li Yong , Zhou Bin
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the ignition performances of the titanium composite Semiconductor bridge (Ti SCB) and the polysilicon semiconductor bridge (PSCB) were studied, which include electrical explosion characteristics, temperature of theplasma generated by those two SCBs, and ignition ability with B/KNO3. The experiment results indicated that the explosion time of the two kinds of SCB both decreases with increasing input energy. The temperature of the plasma generated by the two kinds of SCB both increases with the increasing input energy, and there is no significant difference in the highest temperature under the same condition. And the ignition experiment indicated that the output energy of Ti SCB is lower than PSCB.
Hybrid Fluorescent-Magnetic Polymeric Particles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kaewsaneha Chariya , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Polpanich Duangporn , Jangpatarapongsa Kulachart
Published: February 2014

Submicron magnetic polymeric particle (MPP) and/or Janus magnetic polymeric particle (JMPP) were successfully prepared via the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene (St)/acrylic acid (AA) monomers consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with oleic acid. Since the particle nucleation occurs primarily within the monomer droplet, not only the size of particle could be controlled at the beginning but also its morphology was manipulated by using different types of initiator. The MPPs with homogeneous distribution of IONPs (41%) in P(St-DVB-AA) were obtained with using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and divinyl benzene (DVB) as crosslinking agent. To obtain anisotropic JMPP, an oil-soluble initiator 2,2-azobis (2-isobutyronitrile) was used instead. The controllable phase separation between P(St-AA) and the encapsulated IONPs caused the stable spherical Janus particles containing IOPNs (15%) located on one side of polymer particle. Both MPPs and JMPPs could be easily separated by an external magnet. The MPPs were functionalized with chitosan (CS) acting as spacer and then chemical immobilized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce fluorescent-MPPs. When applying as imaging device for cancer cells labeling i.e., HeLa, cells, results showed that MPPs/CS-FITC could be located inside cells with low cytotoxicity.
Microstructural Evolution in Aluminum Alloy 7050 during Cooling from Homogenization
Authors: He Ke Zhun , Zhou Wen Biao , Liu Jun Sheng , Jiang Qiu Mei , Zheng Yu Lin
Published: February 2014

Microstructure of post-homogenization is significant to prevent particle stimulated nucleation of recrystallization. This paper investigated microstructure evolution in alloy 7050 during cooling from homogenization. Two intermetallic phases, Al7Cu2Fe and Mg2Si were insoluble during homogenization. Cooling to 460 °C and 400 °C follow by quenching, precipitates nucleated discontinuously on the grain boundaries, no precipitates was found within the grains. The precipitates were found near the grain boundaries when quenching from 350 °C, and precipitated uniformly within the center of the grains when quenching from 250 °C. The sizes of the precipitates increased with the decreased of the quenching temperature. Controlling of the post-homogenization microstructure is beneficial to prevent particle stimulated nucleation of recrystallization.
Significance of PR-1 Proteins in Infected Plants
Authors: Zhang Hui Li , Jiang Kun , Jiang Zhong Liang , Lou Hong , Meng Xian Jun
Published: February 2014

PR-1 (pathogenesis-related proteins) family has been described one of the most important families among the 17 PR groups in many plant species in defense with oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, orviruses, used as a marker of the capacity of defense in PRs. Though some independent studies have demonstrated that antifungal activity is clearly associated with purified, over-expressed PR-1 protein or PR-1 proteins-containing transgenic plants, the biological functions of PR-1 proteins remains basically blur. The PR-1proteins are encoded by multi-gene families in plants based on the presence of 22 and 32 PR-1 genes in the finished Arabidopsis and rice genomes, respectively. The PR-1 proteins were found secreted either on resisting pathogens, or upon defense signaling, later the PR-1 proteins were also demonstrated in various developmental healthy plants tissues, like tobacco floral tissues and leaves, suggesting that these proteins serve essential functions in plant life, whether in defense or not.
Hydrophilic Silica Thin Film Formed Using Dimethyl Silicone Oil and Ozone
Authors: Arima Hiroyuki , Ito Takuya , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: February 2014

In order to fabricate the SiO2 thin film using dimethyl silicone oil and ozone on protective covering glass for solar panels, the hydrophilicity and the transmittance of the film was investigated. We fabricated the film at different temperatures of 150°C, 175°C, 200°C, 225°C and 250°C on the glass substrates. The hydrophilicity of the film fabricated at 150°C showed very good hydrophilicity (water contact angle: ~8°), and transmittance was improved compared to the non-coated glass.
Effect of Annealing on Conductivity Type of Nanocrystalline ZnO Films Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gusev Evgeny Yurievich , Ageev Oleg Alekseevich , Gamaleev Vladislav Anatolyevich , Mikhno Aleksander Sergeevich , Mironenko Olga Olegovna , Pronin Evgeniy Anatol'evich
Published: February 2014

Nanocrystalline ZnO films were deposited by rf reactive magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and gas sensing measurements. It was found that annealing of the film enabled to invert its conductivity type. Thus, as-deposited ZnO film showed p-type conductivity while annealed film showed n-type conductivity behavior. The p-and n-type conductivities of the films obtained by gas sensing measurements have been confirmed by XPS results. The gas sensing properties of the films were investigated upon exposure to 10 ppm of NO2 at 22°C and exhibited good sensitivity with fast response and recovery times. The sensor response to NO2 was found to be profoundly dependent on the conductivity behavior of the film.
Study of the Same Curing Condition of Large Volume Concrete Based on Maturity Methods
Authors: Song Xue Feng , Fan Zhi Hong , Wang Ying Fei
Published: February 2014

This paper used the environmental simulation curing system to cure the concrete specimens, and studied the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens under varying temperature histories, resulting in some suggestions regarding the same curing condition of mass concrete.
Influence of Superplasticizer and Water Cement Ratio on Rheological Characteristics of Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Zhou Yang , Shi Jian Jun , Liu Quan , Li Jian Xin
Published: February 2014

Yield stress and plastic viscosity are two basic parameters to describe the rheological characteristics of self-compacting concrete which would reflect the workability of self-compacting concrete quantificationally, the relationship between workability test results and rheological parameters was summarized, and the influence of superplasticizer and water cement ratio on rheological characteristics and of self-compacting concrete was studied by series experiments, the optimum water cement ratio and mixing amount of superplasticizer was proposed, this would guide the design and application of self-compacting concrete.