bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurological affection and serum neurofilament light chain in wild type transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Pernice Helena F. , Knorz Adrian L. , Wetzel Paul J. , Herrmann Carolin , Muratovic Harisa , Rieber Finn , Asaad Eleonora , Fiß Gunnar , Barzen Gina , Blüthner Elisabeth , Knebel Fabian , Spethmann Sebastian , Messroghli Daniel , Heidecker Bettina , Brand Anna , Wetz Christoph , Tschöpe Carsten , Hahn Katrin
Published: May 2024

In contrast to inherited transthyretin amyloidosis (A-ATTRv), neuropathy is not a classic leading symptom of wild type transthyretin amyloidosis (A-ATTRwt). However, neurological symptoms are increasingly relevant in A-ATTRwt as well. To better understand the role of neurological symptoms in A-ATTRwt, A-ATTRwt patients were prospectively characterized at Amyloidosis Center Charité Berlin (ACCB) between 2018 and 2023 using detailed neurological examination, quality of life questionnaires, and analysis of age- and BMI-adapted serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels. 16 out of 73 (21.9%) patients presented with a severe neuropathy which we defined by a Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) of 20 or more. In this group, quality of life was reduced, peripheral neuropathy was more severe, and spinal stenosis and joint replacements were frequent. Age- and BMI matched serum NFL levels were markedly elevated in patients with a NIS ≥ 20. We therefore conclude that highly abnormal values in neuropathy scores such as the NIS occur in A-ATTRwt, and have an important impact on quality of life. Both peripheral neuropathy and spinal canal stenosis are likely contributors. Serum NFL may serve as a biomarker for neurological affection in patients with A-ATTRwt. It will be important to consider neurological aspects of A-ATTRwt for diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and future treatment development.
Alteration of prothrombin time in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections with different levels of severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sukati Suriyan , Wannatung Tirawat , Duangchan Thitinat , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Tseng Ching-Ping , Kotepui Manas
Published: May 2024

Malaria infection leads to hematological abnormalities, including deranged prothrombin time (PT). Given the inconsistent findings regarding PT in malaria across different severities and between Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, this study aimed to synthesize available evidence on PT variations in clinical malaria. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Medline from 27 November 2021 to 2 March 2023 to obtain studies documenting PT in malaria. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, with data synthesized through both qualitative and quantitative methods, including meta-regression and subgroup analyses, to explore heterogeneity and publication bias. From 2767 articles, 21 studies were included. Most studies reported prolonged or increased PT in malaria patients compared to controls, a finding substantiated by the meta-analysis (P < 0.01, Mean difference: 8.86 s, 95% CI 5.32–12.40 s, I2: 87.88%, 4 studies). Severe malaria cases also showed significantly higher PT than non-severe ones (P = 0.03, Hedges’s g: 1.65, 95% CI 0.20–3.10, I2: 97.91%, 7 studies). No significant PT difference was observed between P. falciparum and P. vivax infections (P = 0.88, Mean difference: 0.06, 95% CI − 0.691–0.8, I2: 65.09%, 2 studies). The relationship between PT and malaria-related mortality remains unclear, underscoring the need for further studies. PT is typically prolonged or increased in malaria, particularly in severe cases, with no notable difference between P. falciparum and P. vivax infections. The inconsistency in PT findings between fatal and non-fatal cases highlights a gap in current understanding, emphasizing the need for future studies to inform therapeutic strategies.
Establishment of a novel protocol for assessing the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage in circle Willis perforation mouse model
Authors: Zhang Rui , Khan Dilaware , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: May 2024

The Circle of Willis perforation (cWp) mouse model is a key tool in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) research; however, inconsistent bleeding volumes can challenge experimental reliability. To address this issue, we introduced the ROB Scoring System, a novel protocol integrating Rotarod Tests (RT), Open-field Tests (OT) video analysis, and daily Body Weight Loss (BWL) monitoring to precisely categorize SAH severity. Forty C57BL/6 mice underwent cWp SAH induction, categorized by ROB into severity subgroups (severe, moderate, mild). Validation compared ROB trends in subgroups, and ROB outcomes with autopsy results on postoperative days three and seven for acute and sub-acute evaluations. Mortality rates were analyzed via the survival log-rank test, revealing a significant difference among SAH subgroups (P < 0.05). Strong correlations between ROB grades and autopsy findings underscored its precision. Notably, the severe group exhibited 100% mortality within 4 days post SAH onset. Single parameters (RT, OT, BWL) were insufficient for distinguishing SAH severity levels. The ROB score represents a significant advancement, offering an objective method for precise categorization and addressing inherent bleeding variations in the cWp SAH model. This standardized protocol enhances the reliability and effectiveness of the SAH translational research, providing a valuable tool for future investigations into this critical area.
Discovery of active mouse, plant and fungal cytochrome P450s in endogenous proteomes and upon expression in planta
Authors: Font-Farre Maria , Brown Daniel , Toth Reka , Mahadevan Chidambareswaren , Brazier-Hicks Melissa , Morimoto Kyoko , Kaschani Farnusch , Sinclair John , Dale Richard , Hall Samantha , Morris Melloney , Kaiser Markus , Wright Aaron T. , Burton Jonathan , van der Hoorn Renier A. L.
Published: May 2024

Eukaryotes produce a large number of cytochrome P450s that mediate the synthesis and degradation of diverse endogenous and exogenous metabolites. Yet, most of these P450s are uncharacterized and global tools to study these challenging, membrane-resident enzymes remain to be exploited. Here, we applied activity profiling of plant, mouse and fungal P450s with chemical probes that become reactive when oxidized by P450 enzymes. Identification by mass spectrometry revealed labeling of a wide range of active P450s, including six plant P450s, 40 mouse P450s and 13 P450s of the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We next used transient expression of GFP-tagged P450s by agroinfiltration to show ER-targeting and NADPH-dependent, activity-based labeling of plant, mouse and fungal P450s. Both global profiling and transient expression can be used to detect a broad range of active P450s to study e.g. their regulation and discover selective inhibitors.
POU6F2, a risk factor for glaucoma, myopia and dyslexia, labels specific populations of retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Lin Fangyu , Li Ying , Wang Jiaxing , Jardines Sandra , King Rebecca , Chrenek Micah A. , Wiggs Janey L. , Boatright Jeffrey H. , Geisert Eldon E.
Published: May 2024

Pou6f2 is a genetic connection between central corneal thickness (CCT) in the mouse and a risk factor for developing primary open-angle glaucoma. POU6F2 is also a risk factor for several conditions in humans, including glaucoma, myopia, and dyslexia. Recent findings demonstrate that POU6F2-positive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) comprise a number of RGC subtypes in the mouse, some of which also co-stain for Cdh6 and Hoxd10. These POU6F2-positive RGCs appear to be novel of ON–OFF directionally selective ganglion cells (ooDSGCs) that do not co-stain with CART or SATB2 (typical ooDSGCs markers). These POU6F2-positive cells are sensitive to damage caused by elevated intraocular pressure. In the DBA/2J mouse glaucoma model, heavily-labeled POU6F2 RGCs decrease by 73% at 8 months of age compared to only 22% loss of total RGCs (labeled with RBPMS). Additionally, Pou6f2−/− mice suffer a significant loss of acuity and spatial contrast sensitivity along with an 11.4% loss of total RGCs. In the rhesus macaque retina, POU6F2 labels the large parasol ganglion cells that form the magnocellular (M) pathway. The association of POU6F2 with the M-pathway may reveal in part its role in human glaucoma, myopia, and dyslexia.
Prevalence of impaired foot function in baseball players with and without disabled throwing shoulder/elbow: a case–control study
Authors: Nagamoto Hideaki , Takahashi Shimpei , Okunuki Takumi , Wakamiya Kazuki , Maemichi Toshihiro , Kurokawa Daisuke , Muraki Takayuki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Aizawa Toshimi , Kumai Tsukasa
Published: May 2024

Prevalence of impaired foot function among baseball players with and without a disabled throwing shoulder/elbow was investigated. The study included 138 male players. Players who had previously complained of shoulder/elbow pain during throwing motion were defined as the players with a history, and those who experienced shoulder/elbow pain during the examination were defined as having the injury. Foot function was evaluated by foot “rock paper scissors” movements and floating toes. Their prevalence was assessed and the relationships between players with and without the injuries were statistically analyzed. The prevalence of players with a history and injury was 27% and 7%, respectively. The prevalence of impaired foot function on the non-throwing side among players with injury was significantly higher than those without (60% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) and higher tendency on the throwing side than those without (60% vs. 32%). Regarding floating toes, players with a relevant history showed a significantly higher prevalence on the throwing side than those without (49% vs 28%, P < 0.001) and higher tendency on the non-throwing side than those without (49% vs 32%). Players with disabled throwing shoulder/elbow have a significantly higher prevalence of impaired foot function and floating toes than players without it.
Underwater acoustic analysis reveals unique pressure signals associated with aircraft crashes in the sea: revisiting MH370
Authors: Kadri Usama
Published: May 2024

Data analysis from the hydroacoustic stations of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization has unveiled distinctive pressure signals linked to aircraft crashes of varying sizes in the ocean. Notably, these signals were detected at distances ranging from two to five thousand kilometres, highlighting the efficacy of underwater acoustic technology in event identification and classification in marine environments. In this study, we investigate the plausibility of an aircraft, such as Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 (MH370), crashing into the sea leaving a discernible pressure signal at distant hydrophones. Consequently, we focus on recordings obtained from the hydroacoustic monitoring stations located at Cape Leeuwin and Diego Garcia, within a few minutes of the last satellite ping on the 7th arc, associated with the assumed crash time and location. Among the available data, only one relevant signal has emerged as a potential candidate, albeit recorded at a single station out of the two stations available. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, we also examine the time frame and location of the airplane along its initial route. Though no corresponding signal was observed. Nevertheless, the findings in this study narrow down the range of possibilities and present a novel scientific approach to investigate such incidents. These findings contribute to our understanding of acoustic signals associated with aircraft crashes at sea. They emphasise the potential for hydrophones to detect events even when the signal travels long distances through land. Ultimately, this research offers recommendations for conducting on-site experiments involving controlled explosions with energy levels similar to the impact of MH370 along the 7th arc. The aim is to encourage pertinent authorities to implement actions that could reveal insights into the destiny of MH370 specifically. Additionally, this initiative seeks to establish a comprehensive framework for addressing comparable incidents in the broader ocean context.
GC–MS based antioxidants characterization in Saussurea heteromalla (D. Don) Hand-Mazz by inhibition of nitric oxide generation in macrophages
Authors: Saboon  , Iqbal Asia , Bibi Yamin , Afzal Tayyiba , Sher Ahmad , Qayyum Abdul , Akmal Muhammad , Almoallim Hesham S. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Zeng Yawen
Published: May 2024

For centuries, medicinal plants have served as the cornerstone for traditional health care systems and same practice is still prevalent today. In the Himalayan region, Saussurea heteromalla holds a significant place in traditional medicine and is used to address various health issues. Despite its historical use, little exploration has focused on its potential for scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation. Hence, our current study aims to investigate the free radical scavenging capabilities of S. heteromalla extracts. The n-hexane extract of entire plant revealed promising activity. This extract underwent extensive extraction on a larger scale. Subsequent purification, employing column chromatography, HPLC–DAD techniques, led to the identification of active compounds, confirmed via GC–MS and the NIST database as 1-O-butyl 2-O-octyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol. Assessing the free radical scavenging properties involved utilizing RAW-264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides. Notably, the compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exhibited remarkable scavenging abilities, demonstrating over 80% inhibition of Nitric oxide. This study stands as the inaugural report on the isolation of these compounds from S. heteromalla.
Albumin levels in malaria patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of their association with disease severity
Authors: Kuraeiad Saruda , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Mahittikorn Aongart , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Wilairatana Polrat , Suwannatrai Apiporn Thinkhamrop , Thinkhamrop Kavin , Wangdi Kinley , Kotepui Manas
Published: May 2024

Albumin, a key protein in human blood plasma, has been linked to various health conditions. However, its association with malaria, particularly in assessing disease severity, remains inadequately understood. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the relationship between albumin levels and malaria severity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Google Scholar, to identify studies examining albumin levels in malaria patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed usingI2statistics. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed based on publication year, study location, andPlasmodiumspecies. A total of 37 studies were included in this review. The thematic synthesis indicated that albumin levels in malaria patients varied significantly based on geographical location. A meta-analysis of 28 studies found that albumin levels were significantly lower in malaria patients compared with non-malarial controls (P < 0.001, standardized mean differences [SMD] = −2.23, 95% CI − 3.25 to − 1.20,I2: 98%, random effects model, 28 studies). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed variations in albumin levels based on geographical location andPlasmodiumspecies. Regarding the association with disease severity, thematic synthesis showed that severe malaria cases generally had decreased albumin levels across various regions. However, one Brazilian study reported higher albumin levels in severe cases. A separate meta-analysis of five studies found significantly lower albumin levels in patients experiencing severe malaria relative to those with less severe forms of the disease (P < 0.001, SMD = −0.66, 95% CI − 1.07 to − 0.25),I2: 73%, random effects model, 5 studies). This study underscores the clinical significance of albumin as a potential biomarker forPlasmodiuminfection and the severity of malaria. The findings suggest that albumin level monitoring could be crucial in managing malaria patients, especially in assessing disease severity and tailoring treatment approaches. Additional studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms driving these associations and validate the clinical utility of albumin levels in malaria patient management.
A multilingual analysis of pro Russian misinformation on Twitter during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Lai Cameron , Toriumi Fujio , Yoshida Mitsuo
Published: May 2024

The Russian government has long since engaged in an information campaign of propaganda and disinformation as a major part of foreign policy. This has been taken to new heights since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. In this study, we investigate pro-Russian misinformation within the opening weeks of the invasion in 6 languages: English, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, and Korean. Using Twitter data, we apply a combination of network and language embedding models to identify popular topics of misinformation amongst users in each language. Despite English users forming the most dominant language base on Twitter, we find that the popularity of misinformation in Japanese regularly outstrips English for certain topics. Misinformation shared by Spanish users is also over-represented in proportion to its much smaller user base. Our results provide insight into the current state of misinformation in each language. While we discuss some of the possible drivers behind the factors such as language over-representation, our study also highlights the need for further cross-lingual misinformation research in order to better understand this phenomena in a truly global context.
Highly integrable planar-structured printed circularly polarized antenna for emerging wideband internet of things applications in the millimeter-wave band
Authors: Ullah Ubaid , Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a numerically and experimentally validated printed wideband antenna with a planar geometry for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This design tackles the challenges associated with deploying IoT sensors in remote areas or across extensive geographical regions. The proposed design exploits a coplanar-waveguide-fed modified microstrip line monopole for excitation of circularly polarized waves radiating in the broadside direction. The primary design is based on perturbations of the microstrip line protracted from a grounded coplanar waveguide. The capacitively coupled short rectangular stubs are periodically inserted alternately and excited asymmetrically on each side of the microstrip line parallel to the direction of the electric field vector. The sequential phase excitation of the periodic stubs generates a rectangular-cascaded electric field, which suppresses the stop band at the open end. As a result, the antenna radiates in the broadside direction. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 8 GHz in the 28 GHz mm-wave band, i.e., it ranged from 25 to 33.5 GHz. Additionally, an axial ratio below 3 dB is achieved within the operating band from 26 to 33.5 GHz with the alterations of the surface current using straightforward topological adjustments of the physical parameters. The average in-band realized gain of the antenna is 10 dBic when measured in the broadside direction. These results indicate that the proposed design has the potential to improve the connectivity between IoT devices and the constantly varying orientation of satellites by mitigating the polarization mismatch.
The impact of continuous cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fruiting body metabolites
Authors: Ji Wei , Zhang Ni , Su Wenying , Wang Xia , Liu Xiaomei , Wang Yipu , Chen Kelong , Ren Likai
Published: May 2024

To explore the impacts of continuous Ganoderma lucidum cultivation on soil physicochemical factors, soil enzyme activity, and the metabolome of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, this study conducted two consecutive years of cultivation on the same plot of land. Soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activity were assessed, alongside non-targeted metabolomic analysis of the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies under continuous cultivation. The findings unveiled that in the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), there was a declining trend in organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase, whereas nitrate nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), and salt content exhibited an upward trend. Conversely, in the deeper soil layer (15–30 cm), organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available potassium, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase demonstrated a decreasing trend, while nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH, EC, salt content, polyphenol oxidase, and soil peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Metabolomic analysis of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies distinguished 64 significantly different metabolites between the GCK and GT groups, with 39 components having markedly higher relative contents in GCK and 25 components having significantly lower relative contents in GCK compared to GT. Moreover, among these metabolites, there were more types with higher contents in the fruiting bodies harvested in the first year (GCK) compared to those harvested in the second year (GT), with pronounced differences. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that GCK exhibited more complex metabolic pathways compared to GT. The metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies were predominantly influenced by soil physicochemical factors and soil enzyme activity. In the surface soil layer (0–15 cm), the metabolome was significantly affected by soil pH, soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and soil alkaline phosphatase, while in the deeper soil layer (15–30 cm), differences in the Ganoderma lucidum metabolome were more influenced by soil alkaline phosphatase, soil catalase, pH, nitrate nitrogen, and soil sucrase.
Effective modulation from the ventral medial to the dorsal medial portion of the prefrontal cortex in memory confidence-based behavioral control
Authors: Yuki Shoko , Nakatani Hironori , Tachibana Ryosuke O. , Okanoya Kazuo
Published: May 2024

Metacognition includes the ability to refer to one’s own cognitive states, such as confidence, and adaptively control behavior based on this information. This ability is thought to allow us to predictably control our behavior without external feedback, for example, even before we take action. Many studies have suggested that metacognition requires a brain-wide network of multiple brain regions. However, the modulation of effective connectivity within this network during metacognitive tasks remains unclear. This study focused on medial prefrontal regions, which have recently been suggested to be particularly involved in metacognition. We examined whether modulation of effective connectivity specific to metacognitive behavioral control is observed using model-based network analysis and dynamic causal modeling (DCM). The results showed that negative modulation from the ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex was observed in situations that required metacognitive behavioral control but not in situations that did not require such metacognitive control. Furthermore, this modulation was particularly pronounced in the group of participants who could better use metacognition for behavioral control. These results imply hierarchical properties of metacognition-related brain networks.
Ultra high frequency ultrasound enables real-time visualization of blood supply from chorioallantoic membrane to human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney tissue
Authors: Schueler Jan , Kuenzel Jonas , Thuesing Anna , Pion Eric , Behncke Rose Yinghan , Haegerling Rene , Fuchs Dieter , Kraus Andre , Buchholz Bjoern , Huang Boqiang , Merhof Dorit , Werner Jens M. , Schmidt Katharina M. , Hackl Christina , Aung Thiha , Haerteis Silke
Published: May 2024

Ultra high frequency (UHF) ultrasound enables the visualization of very small structures that cannot be detected by conventional ultrasound. The utilization of UHF imaging as a new imaging technique for the 3D-in-vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model can facilitate new insights into tissue perfusion and survival. Therefore, human renal cystic tissue was grafted onto the CAM and examined using UHF ultrasound imaging. Due to the unprecedented resolution of UHF ultrasound, it was possible to visualize microvessels, their development, and the formation of anastomoses. This enabled the observation of anastomoses between human and chicken vessels only 12 h after transplantation. These observations were validated by 3D reconstructions from a light sheet microscopy image stack, indocyanine green angiography, and histological analysis. Contrary to the assumption that the nutrient supply of the human cystic tissue and the gas exchange happens through diffusion from CAM vessels, this study shows that the vasculature of the human cystic tissue is directly connected to the blood vessels of the CAM and perfusion is established within a short period. Therefore, this in-vivo model combined with UHF imaging appears to be the ideal platform for studying the effects of intravenously applied therapeutics to inhibit renal cyst growth.
Extremely low frequency–electromagnetic fields promote chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through a conventional genetic program
Authors: Zerillo Lucrezia , Coletta Concetta Claudia , Madera Jessica Raffaella , Grasso Gabriella , Tutela Angelapia , Vito Pasquale , Stilo Romania , Zotti Tiziana
Published: May 2024

Progressive cartilage deterioration leads to chronic inflammation and loss of joint function, causing osteoarthritis (OA) and joint disease. Although symptoms vary among individuals, the disease can cause severe pain and permanent disability, and effective therapies are urgently needed. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) may differentiate into chondrocytes and are promising for treating OA. Moreover, recent studies indicate that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) could positively affect the chondrogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs. In this work, we investigated the impact of EMFs with frequencies of 35 Hertz and 58 Hertz, referred to as extremely low frequency-EMFs (ELF–EMFs), on the chondrogenesis of ADSCs, cultured in both monolayer and 3D cell micromasses. ADSC cultures were daily stimulated for 36 min with ELF–EMFs or left unstimulated, and the progression of the differentiation process was evaluated by morphological analysis, extracellular matrix deposition, and gene expression profiling of chondrogenic markers. In both culturing conditions, stimulation with ELF–EMFs did not compromise cell viability but accelerated chondrogenesis by enhancing the secretion and deposition of extracellular matrix components at earlier time points in comparison to unstimulated cells. This study showed that, in an appropriate chondrogenic microenvironment, ELF–EMFs enhance chondrogenic differentiation and may be an important tool for supporting and accelerating the treatment of OA through autologous adipose stem cell therapy.
Paedomorphosis and retention of juvenile diet lead speciation in a group of Neotropical snakes (Colubroides-Philodryadini)
Authors: Chuliver Mariana , Scanferla Agustín
Published: May 2024

Dipsadidae is one of the largest clades of extant reptiles, showing an impressive morphological and ecological diversity. Despite this fact, the developmental processes behind its diversity are still largely unknown. In this study, we used 3D reconstructions based on micro-CT data and geometric morphometrics to evaluate the skull morphology of Philodryas agassizii, a small, surface-dwelling dipsadid that consume spiders. Adult individuals of P. agassizii exhibit a cranial morphology frequently observed in juveniles of other surface-dwelling colubroideans, represented in our analysis by its close relative Philodryas patagoniensis. Large orbits, gibbous neurocranial roof and a relatively short jaw complex are features present in juveniles of the latter species. Furthermore, we performed an extensive survey about diet of P. patagoniensis in which we detected an ontogenetic dietary shift, indicating that arthropods are more frequently consumed by juveniles of this dietary generalist. Thus, we infer that P. agassizzii retained not only the ancestral juvenile skull morphology but also dietary preferences. This study reveals that morphological changes driven by heterochronic changes, specifically paedomorphosis, influenced the retention of ancestral life history traits in P. agassizii, and therefore promoted cladogenesis. In this way, we obtained first evidence that heterochronic processes lead speciation in the snake megadiverse clade Dipsadidae.
Presenting the AI models in predicting the settlement of earth dams using the results of spatiotemporal clustering and k-means algorithm
Authors: Beiranvand Behrang , Rajaee Taher , Komasi Mehdi
Published: May 2024

In this work, the results of instrumentation over 8 years, including the phases of construction, first impounding, and operation, have been used to analyze the location of the Eyvashan Dam settlement. Mohr–Coulomb behavioral model and numerical model of Plaxis 2D software were used to verify the monitoring results. The results demonstrated that settlement of the dam has increased in the dam's core since the beginning of construction, and they eventually stabilized during the operation phase. After the completion of the construction phase, the maximum settlement of the dam core was recorded as 809 mm, which is equivalent to 1.2% of the height of the dam at the middle level. Also, an approach to interpreting the settlement behavior of earth dams has been presented that is based on spatiotemporal clustering. Also, RF, MARS, and GMDH models were created based on a proposed scenario to predict settlement using points located in a cluster. Therefore, the settlement location of the studied dam was determined using the results of the k-means clustering algorithm in the aforementioned AI models. The high accuracy of the results of the proposed method confirms the proper performance of using AI models in predicting and diagnosing the settlement of earthen dams using the results of k-means spatiotemporal clustering algorithm. The evaluation of the models shows that the ENN model is a more suitable and efficient tool in this field and can be useful in monitoring the settlement of earth dams.
Systematic identification of structure-specific protein–protein interactions
Authors: Holfeld Aleš , Schuster Dina , Sesterhenn Fabian , Gillingham Alison K , Stalder Patrick , Haenseler Walther , Barrio-Hernandez Inigo , Ghosh Dhiman , Vowles Jane , Cowley Sally A , Nagel Luise , Khanppnavar Basavraj , Serdiuk Tetiana , Beltrao Pedro , Korkhov Volodymyr M , Munro Sean , Riek Roland , de Souza Natalie , Picotti Paola
Published: May 2024

The physical interactome of a protein can be altered upon perturbation, modulating cell physiology and contributing to disease. Identifying interactome differences of normal and disease states of proteins could help understand disease mechanisms, but current methods do not pinpoint structure-specific PPIs and interaction interfaces proteome-wide. We used limited proteolysis–mass spectrometry (LiP–MS) to screen for structure-specific PPIs by probing for protease susceptibility changes of proteins in cellular extracts upon treatment with specific structural states of a protein. We first demonstrated that LiP–MS detects well-characterized PPIs, including antibody–target protein interactions and interactions with membrane proteins, and that it pinpoints interfaces, including epitopes. We then applied the approach to study conformation-specific interactors of the Parkinson’s disease hallmark protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn). We identified known interactors of aSyn monomer and amyloid fibrils and provide a resource of novel putative conformation-specific aSyn interactors for validation in further studies. We also used our approach on GDP- and GTP-bound forms of two Rab GTPases, showing detection of differential candidate interactors of conformationally similar proteins. This approach is applicable to screen for structure-specific interactomes of any protein, including posttranslationally modified and unmodified, or metabolite-bound and unbound protein states.
A novel polyetherimide hydrogel proton exchange membrane
Authors: Ma Yingnan , Tang Shaohua , Zou Zugan , Zhang Yongquan , Zhu Hefeng , Zhang Yulu , Zhang Panliang , Tang Kewen , Qiang Yongqian
Published: May 2024

This study reported a novel rapidly formed hydrogel membrane with polyetherimide as the backbone and polyethyleneimine as the crosslinker. The hydrogel membranes exhibited excellent proton conductivity.
Ab initio calculation of magnetic anisotropy and thermal spin transition in the variable temperature crystal conformations of [Co(terpy)2]2+
Authors: Nath Moromi , Joshi Shalini , Mishra Sabyashachi
Published: May 2024

The structure–property correlation of [Co(terpy)2]2+, which shows a spin crossover at 270 K, has been computationally investigated based on its variable temperature crystal structures.
Contactless analysis of surface passivation and charge transfer at the TiO2–Si interface
Authors: Khan Ramsha , Liu Xiaolong , Vähänissi Ville , Ali-Löytty Harri , Pasanen Hannu P. , Savin Hele , Tkachenko Nikolai V.
Published: May 2024

Investigating the effects of compositional and structural changes of interfacial SiOx and TiO2 films on the surface passivation and its correlation with the charge transfer (CT) across the TiO2–Si interface.
Striking the right balance of encoding electron correlation in the Hamiltonian and the wavefunction ansatz
Authors: Szenes Kalman , Mörchen Maximilian , Fischill Paul , Reiher Markus
Published: May 2024

We present a discussion of explicit correlation approaches which address the nagging problem of dealing with static and dynamic electron correlation in multi-configurational active-space approaches.
Tracking Li atoms in real-time with ultra-fast NMR simulations
Authors: Harper Angela F. , Huss Tabea , Köcher Simone S. , Scheurer Christoph
Published: May 2024

Using machine learning we are able simulate Li dynamics and predict the autocorrelation function for 7Li spin alignment echo NMR in crystalline and amorphous Li3PS4.
Novel machine learning approach toward classification model of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
Authors: Phan Tieu-Long , Trinh The-Chuong , To Van-Thinh , Pham Thanh-An , Van Nguyen Phuoc-Chung , Phan Tuyet-Minh , Truong Tuyen Ngoc
Published: May 2024

HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) has been causing severe pandemics by attacking the immune system of its host.
Evaluation of ferroelectricity in a distorted wurtzite-type structure of Sc-doped LiGaO2
Authors: Yasuhara Sou , Nakagawa Ayato , Okamoto Kazuki , Shiraishi Takahisa , Funakubo Hiroshi , Yasui Shintaro , Itoh Mitsuru , Tsurumi Takaaki , Hoshina Takuya
Published: May 2024

In this study, ferroelectricity in a distorted wurtzite-type structure of Sc-doped LiGaO2 was investigated by using calculation and preparation/evaluation of epitaxial thin films.
Analytical methods for quantitating sulfate in plasma and serum
Authors: Vijayakumar Prasidhee , Dawson Paul A.
Published: May 2024

Circulating sulfate needs to be maintained at sufficiently high levels for healthy growth and development. Animal studies have shown the adverse physiological consequences of low circulating sulfate level on the skeletal, neurological and reproductive systems. However, sulfate is not routinely measured in clinical investigations, despite the importance of sulfate being documented over the past several decades. Several methods have been developed for measuring serum and plasma sulfate level in animals and humans, including a range of barium sulfate precipitation techniques that have been a major focus of sulfate analytics since the 1960s. Evaluation of an ion chromatography method demonstrated its utility for investigation of sulfate levels in human health. More recently, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been used to show hyposulfatemia in a human case of mild skeletal dysplasia. This article provides an overview of analytical methods for measuring sulfate in serum and plasma, highlighting the strengths and limitations of each method.
Analyzing seagrass species and distribution for sustainable management of coastal areas and small islands: A case study of Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Citra Satrya Utama , Wahyudi Slamet , Widodo  , Tarno Hagus , Ciptadi Gatot , Wiadnya Dewa Gede Raka
Published: May 2024

Seagrass beds are essential components of coastal communities globally, as they support productive fisheries and coastline stabilization. In view of its numerous ecosystem services, the coverage of seagrass is an important indicator of ecosystem health. However, there are conflicting data regarding Indonesia’s seagrass coverage. Some research indicates that seagrass bed areas have declined, with significant damage observed on Java Island. The objective of this study are to provide an inventory of the various species of seagrass found; present their distribution on a map; and assess the extent of seagrass cover. This seagrass study was conducted from 2014 to 2021 on the java Coast. Data were collected using a systematic literature review. The distribution of seagrass species was processed using QGIS. The coverage of seagrass analysis was conducted descriptively by considering the categories listed in the Decree of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia 200/2004. There are 11 types of seagrass found in 13 districts along the Java Coast. Seagrass coverage are varies 3% to 80%. The health status of seagrass beds on the north coast of Java is moderate to good, while the condition of seagrass beds on the south coast is poor to moderate.
Theoretical research on carbon emission factors of distributed smart distribution network under high proportion of renewable energy access
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , Lv Zeming , Wang Hefei , Lang Shan , Wang Shaowei , Li Shihao
Published: May 2024

In the context of the “dual carbon” goal, a high proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid to replace traditional high-carbon units has become a general trend. Taking the high proportion of renewable energy power system as the research object, the medium and long term planning of the installed capacity of source, grid, load and storage of power system is carried out considering the two dimensions of investment and operation maintenance, and the optimization model of source, grid, load and storage of power system is established. A low-carbon dispatching model considering carbon emission and demand response of distribution network is also proposed. Firstly, considering the characteristics of distribution network receiving power from the main network, the carbon emission model of distribution network based on carbon emission flow theory is constructed, and the low-carbon index of distribution network is proposed. Secondly, the improved dynamic carbon emission factor of distribution network is proposed, which is used as a guide signal to provide reference for low-carbon electricity consumption of distribution network users. According to the characteristics of users in the distribution network, the industrial demand response model aiming at low dispatch cost and low carbon and the residential demand response model aiming at electricity consumption satisfaction and low carbon satisfaction are constructed respectively.
Pendular Nystagmus Presenting in Usher Syndrome Type I: A Case Report
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. , Zapala David A.
Published: May 2024

Background We describe a 42-year-old patient with reported “shaking” vision referred due to concerns of possible vestibular system dysfunction. The patient has known history of Usher syndrome type I, bilateral cochlear implants, and severe vision impairment.

Purpose This case describes an unusual nystagmus previously only reported in individuals with central demyelinating disorders, significant light deprivation, or in congenital/early-onset visual pathway impairment.

Research Design Case study.

Data Collection and Analysis Retrospective chart review of vestibular function.

Results Vestibular function was likely absent in this case. There was no evidence of vestibular (jerk) nystagmus for sinusoidal harmonic acceleration stimuli or repeatable responses for cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Significant pendular low-amplitude high-frequency oscillations of approximately 6 Hz were present for horizontal and vertical tracings throughout testing.

Conclusion Nystagmus may not always be associated with vestibular system impairment. In this case, the patient's reported “shaking” vision was attributed to pendular low-amplitude high-frequency nystagmus and hypothesized to relate to long-standing significant vision impairment. This presentation is unusual in adults and has historically been associated with individuals with significant central pathology or in those with long duration light deprivation.
Rethinking Oncologic Facial Nerve Reconstruction in the Acute Phase Through Classification of the Level of Injury
Authors: Winter Jessica M. , Dimovska Eleonora O.F. , Tzou Chieh-Han John , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Andres
Published: May 2024

Early facial nerve reconstruction should be offered in every patient with oncological resections of the facial nerve due to the debilitating functional and psychosocial consequences of facial nerve palsy. Oncologic pathology or oncologic resection accounts for the second most common cause of facial nerve palsy. In the case of these acute injuries, selecting an adequate method for reconstruction to optimize functional and psychosocial well-being is paramount. Authors advocate consideration of the level of injury as a framework for approaching the viable options of reconstruction systematically. Authors breakdown oncologic injuries to the facial nerve in three levels in relation to their nerve reconstruction methods and strategies: Level I (intracranial to intratemporal), Level II (intratemporal to extratemporal and intraparotid), and Level III (extratemporal and extraparotid). Clinical features, common clinical scenarios, donor nerves available, recipient nerve, and reconstruction priorities will be present at each level. Additionally, examples of clinical cases will be shared to illustrate the utility of framing acute facial nerve injuries within injury levels. Selecting donor nerves is critical in successful facial nerve reconstruction in oncological patients. Usually, a combination of facial and nonfacial donor nerves (hybrid) is necessary to achieve maximal reinnervation of the mimetic muscles. Our proposed classification of three levels of facial nerve injuries provides a selection guide, which prioritizes methods for function nerve reconstruction in relation of the injury level in oncologic patients while prioritizing functional outcomes.
An In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Synergy of Baptisia tinctoria against Salmonella typhi
Authors: Bhattacharyya Soumya , Ghosh Rishita , Majumder Antara , Goswami Pritam , Das Satadal
Published: May 2024

As a consequence of gradual emergence of anti-microbial resistance, the anti-biogram profile of the microbe Salmonella typhi has undergone substantial changes. Patients frequently use homeopathy for the flu and other serious illnesses. Although the use of Baptisia tinctoria (BT) is extensively described in homeopathic literature and in phytomedicine, scientific exploration has never been done. In this study, we have made an effort to understand the anti-typhoidal effect of BT at different concentrations. S. typhi (ATCC 6539) from a freshly prepared stock culture was used in this experiment. We also procured an international strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 strain) which was taken as control. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and interpretative criteria (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards 2000) using antibiotic discs (Hi Media Laboratory. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India), namely cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg) and trimethoprim (5 μg). BT in its 6CH potency showed the greatest growth inhibition zone, not just amidst the homeopathic potency gradient. It has shown the highest growth inhibition zone of 28mm, more than any conventional antibiotic. Ethanolic extract of BT can be considered to combat against array of infections caused by S. typhi species alongside that it can also be considered as adjuvant with conventional antibiotics for better result.
Foreign language anxiety, enjoyment, and boredom among Chinese secondary students: a control-value theory approach
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Xing Li
Published: May 2024

For decades, studies on learner emotions in foreign language learning have been predominantly focused on foreign language anxiety, and recent years have witnessed a surge in the exploration of other positive and negative emotions such as enjoyment and boredom. The current study aimed to extend this line of inquiry and explored the bidirectional relations between foreign language achievements and learner emotions through a questionnaire study among English learners (n = 756) in Chinese senior secondary schools, an understudied population in foreign language emotion research. Results indicated that the three emotions were significantly related to each other. Further analyses suggested that anxiety and boredom were significant predictors of achievements, and that language achievements predicated all the three emotions. The study confirms the reciprocal relationships between language achievements and emotions and provides pedagogical implications for language teaching.
2D analysis of sputtered species transport in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge
Authors: Kapran Anna , Ballage Charles , Hubička Zdeněk , Minea Tiberiu
Published: May 2024

Among the numerous advantages of the high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique, the most important is the enhanced ionization degree of sputtered species contributing to the film growth. Consequently, the quality of deposited thin films is highly improved. Still, the optimization process is challenging due to the complexity associated with the intricate transport of the sputtered species, ionized or neutrals. The scarce knowledge available on the spatial distribution of these species when operating a HiPIMS discharge makes the quantitative prediction of any deposition feature particularly difficult. In this paper, we discuss the influence of experimentally controllable quantities, such as gas pressure and target current density, on the transport of sputtered titanium in non-reactive (argon) HiPIMS, namely, on the behavior of metal atoms and metal ion fluxes intercepting the substrate. Systematic quantitative measurements were performed in a diameter normal plane on a circular planar target. Hence, the 2D spatial distribution of the ionized flux fraction (IFF) and the total flux of titanium sputtered particles (deposition rate) are evaluated by biasing a quartz crystal microbalance equipped with an electron magnetic filter. The wide range of parameters we examined allows us to predict and optimize the flux of sputtered species based on complete mapping of the IFF of sputtered particles.