bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysfunkcjonalizm metodologiczny – nowa propozycja analityczna w socjologii sportu i jej zastosowanie na przykładzie szachów
Authors: Stempień Jakub Ryszard
Published: March 2020

W artykule podejmowany jest problem operacjonalizacji definicji sportu, formułowanych na gruncie tak zwanego podejścia kontekstualnego i ustrukturyzowanego kontekstualizmu (typolo­gia P. Nosala). Problematyczna jest bowiem kwestia, jak badać (kluczowe w tych definicjach) społeczne definiowanie danej praktyki jako sportowej. Zaproponowane autorskie rozwiązanie – nazywane dysfunkcjonalizmem metodologicznym – zakłada, że obserwowane w przypadku sportu negatywne zjawiska (dysfunkcje) mogą być traktowane jako wskaźniki określonego stanu świadomości społecznej. W analizie uwzględnia się pięć dysfunkcji, przyjmując Mertonowskie rozumienie tego terminu (z uszczegółowieniami Z. Bizonia i M. Sokołowskiej). Są to: doping, korupcja, polityzacja, komercjalizacja i mediatyzacja. Zaproponowane podejście jest następnie, w drugiej części artykułu, testowane w praktyce na przykładzie szachów. Wykorzystuje się tu definicję sportu zaproponowaną przez R. Giulianottiego. Zebrany materiał pokazuje, że w przypadku szachów można zaobserwować wiele z negatywnych zjawisk, które są „ciemnymi stronami” sportu w ogóle. Biorąc pod uwagę spełnienie wszystkich kryteriów definicyjnych Giulianottiego i potwierdzenie występowania typowo sportowych dysfunkcji, można – na gruncie dysfunkcjonalizmu metodologicznego – przyjąć, że obecnie szachy należy uznawać za sport.
Effect of Nutrient Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Dolichos Bean (Dolichos lablab L.) in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Dalai Samapika , Mulge R. , Hanchinamani C N , Mastiholi A B , Kantharaju V , Kukanoor L
Published: March 2020

The field experiment was conducted at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, during 2016-17 and 2017-18 to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen (0 and 25 kg/ha), phosphorus (0, 50 and 75 kg/ha) and potassium (0, 25 and 50 kg/ha) on growth, flowering, yield and economics of dolichos bean. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design comprising of eighteen treatments replicated thrice. Among indivisual NPK levels, the higher level of nitrogen (25 kg N/ha), phosphorus (75 kg P2O5/ha) and potassium (50 kg K2O/ha) recorded significantly maximum growth (plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, leaf area and dry matter content per plant at harvest), early flowering (except N2 level) and pod yield (162.32, 184.14 and 164.75 q/ha) as compared to lower levels in 2016-17 and 2017-18 growing seasons and pooled data. Similarly, amongst all NPK interaction levels, higher fertilizer dose of 25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha recorded significantly maximum growth parameters however, it was at par with 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha except dry matter content per plant during both the experimental years. Pooled data followed similar trend. On pooled basis, recommended fertilizer dose (25-50-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha) showed early days to 50 percent flowering whereas pod yield (198.44 q/ha) was recorded maximum at higher fertilizer dose (25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha). Similarly, in case of economics, higher fertilizer dose of 25-75-50 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha recorded highest benefit: cost ratio (5.27) during both the experimental years as well as in pooled data but it was at par with 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha. Hence, for profitable cultivation of vegetable type dolichos bean in northern transition zone of Karnataka, NPK fertilizer must be applied at the rate of 25-75-25 kg N-P2O5-K2O/ha.
Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Mothbean through Bio-Agents
Authors: Godara S. L. , Singh Narendra .
Published: March 2020

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease of mothbean, under severe infestation it causes 58-68 % losses in grain yield. Three-year field experiments were conducted in hot arid conditions at Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif seasons with the objective to find out suitable eco-friendly management strategies for root rot. The experiment was conducted on cv. RMO-225 with six different combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens bio- agents viz, seed treatment, soil treatment and their combinations against the root rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Results of experiment showed that all the treatments brought significant decline in disease incidence and consequently enhancement of grain yield compared to control. The treatment having combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 g/kg seed) + soil application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens (1.25 +1.25 kg in 50 kg FYM for each/ha) had minimum (21.78 %) root rot incidence, highest grain yield (10.56 q /ha) and net return (Rs. 14,338/ha). The T. harzianum seed treatment 8 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum 2.5kg in 100 kg FYM/ha was the next best treatment with 25.56 per cent disease incidence and 9.42 q/ha of grain yield. These treatments can provide an effective, economical and eco- friendly management of root rot of mothbean for cultivators.
DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTIBODIES SPECTRUM TO COXIELLA BURNETII IN I AND II PHASES
Authors: Chekanova Tatiana A. , Shpynov S. N. , Netalieva S. Zh. , Babaeva M. A.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the results of a retrospective study for the presence of Coxiellosis serological markers in 723 blood sera from 537 febrile patients hospitalized in May-September 2015 in the regional infectious hospital in the Astrakhan region. Blood sera were screened by ELISA for the presence of IgG and IgM to II phase Coxiella burnetii (IgG II and IgM II, respectively). Samples, containing IgG II, wear detected IgG to I phase C. burnetii (IgG I). 92 seropositive C. burnetii patients (including 15 children’s) were identified. Characteristics of the antibody profiles in this study (IgG II, IgG II + IgM II, IgG II + IgG I, IgG II + IgM II + IgG I, IgM II) and their titers were given. The clinical picture is typical for acute infectious diseases was more often noted (diagnoses - acute respiratory disease / acute respiratory viral infection, adenovirus infection, Astrakhan spotted fever, coxiellosis) at spectrum detecting IgM II, IgM II + IgG II or IgG II (1: 800-1: 1600 titters). The «unknown etiology viral infection» diagnosis was more common among adults with any possible antibodies spectrum. Diagnostic criteria of acute Q fever and chronic coxsiellosis are discussed in the context of the serological testing results.
Enredados con la sierra. Las plantas en las estrategias sostenibles de sobrevivencia del grupo indígena Guarijío/Makurawe de Sonora, México
Authors: Bañuelos Flores Noemi , Salido-Araiza Patricia L.
Published: March 2020

Los Guarijío/Makurawe de Sonora  representan uno de los pueblos indígenas más olvidados en el noroeste de México. El presente trabajo analiza desde una perspectiva etnobotánica la importancia que para  este grupo indígena guardan los recursos vegetales, a partir del examen de sus distintas  formas de aprovechamiento. La  metodología  utilizada se apoyó en la aplicación de entrevistas personales a profundidad, observación directa y participativa así como talleres comunitarios. Las personas de mayor edad, amas de casa, trabajadores del campo, artesanos, curanderos, rezandero, promotor cultural bilingüe y el gobernador del pueblo, fueron actores claves en la búsqueda de información. Algunos resultados revelan que los Guarijío  personifican un ejemplo de sobrevivencia  con base en las formas de  uso de su patrimonio biocultural. Los saberes indígenas respecto a los recursos vegetales, representan las raíces desde donde debe plantearse cualquier propuesta de desarrollo sostenible que busque mejorar las condiciones de bienestar de este pueblo.
Assessing Learning Styles of African American College Students With Disabilities: A Factor-Analytic Approach
Authors: Dutta Alo , Kundu Madan , Wu Jia-Rung , Iwanaga Kanako , Chapin Martha , Boen Randall , Ruiz Derek , Merckerson Clarence , Chan Fong
Published: March 2020

The measurement structure of the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) was examined with a sample of African American college students with disabilities recruited from a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in a Southern state. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate and confirm the two-factor measurement structure of the R-SPQ-2F. The two learning style factors were labeled as (a) deep learning style and (b) surface learning style. The deep learning style factor was positively associated with goal persistence, whereas the surface learning style factor was not associated with goal persistence. These findings provide support for the construct validity of the R-SPQ-2F. The results indicate that the R-SPQ-2F is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used to assess learning styles of African American college students with disabilities.
A Vocational Rehabilitation Intervention Framework for People With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rumrill Phillip D. , Strauser David R. , Greco Chelsea , Leslie Mykal J.
Published: March 2020

This article presents the Illinois Work and Well-Being Model (IW2M) as a framework that can be applied to facilitate vocational rehabilitation interventions for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The model encompasses the interaction of contextual and career development domains to improve participation in the areas of work, society, community, and home. A discussion of the model's implications regarding vocational rehabilitation service and research is offered, with the overall goal of reinforcing career development as the foundation of vocational rehabilitation services for people with RA and other emerging age-related disabling conditions.
Risk Reduction Interventions for Human Papillomavirus in Rural Maryland
Authors: Jafari S. Dale G. , Appel Susan J. , Shorter D. Gail
Published: March 2020

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is largely vaccine preventable. The Healthy People 2020 target goal for vaccine administration is 80%. Current United States (U. S.) rates are far lower primarily because of vaccine hesitancy and lack of provider recommendation.

Objective

Implement a risk reduction initiative to increase HPV vaccine rates in females aged 12–26 in five rural counties in Maryland.

Methods

A convenience sample from a rural community screened an HPV documentary movie, Questionnaire responses pre- and postscreening were surveyed for impact on vaccine readiness. Postscreening focus group comments were analyzed for common themes. Females aged 12–26 from a University Medical Group Women's Health Center located in rural Maryland were targeted. Chart review of immunization records 90 days pre- and postprovider vaccine recommendation demonstrated impact.

Results

Public awareness events have the potential to impact HPV vaccine hesitancy, but this research did not achieve statistical significance. Direct provider to patient recommendations resulted in a 15% increase in HPV immunizations.

Conclusions

Education of vaccine-eligible individuals should be undertaken.

Implications for Nursing

Providers who recommend administration of the vaccine significantly increase immunization rates.
Production of indicators as a mechanism for suppression of production of knowledge, technology and competencies
Authors: Semenov Evgeny V.
Published: March 2020

On the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union, public administration of the scientific and technological system was shifting more and more towards the total use of such a “tool” as estimated indicators. The article provides examples of the analysis of the harmful consequences of administrative-command coercion of Soviet science to produce indicators in V.L. Tambovtsev’s two monographs of 1990 and 1993 and in E.V. Semenov’s monograph of 1990. The experience of this analysis thirty years ago became again relevant in connection with the restoration in Russia, starting from 2012, of a system of administrative-command management of science, which based on forcing science to produce indicators. The article shows how, under the pressure of production of indicators, the transformation of science from the production of knowledge to the production of informational noise occurs. It shows that scientific production under the conditions of “demonstrative” management forced to reorient from the production of knowledge for its consumer to the production of indicators for the administrator. Work on indicators leads to the degradation of scientific organizations and a decrease in the professional level of the scientific community. The situation aggravated by a catastrophic decline in the professional level of government officials responsible for scientific and technological policy and the management of the scientific and technological field. The way out of this situation is possible due to the mass return to the system of state administration of science, starting with key positions, the category of professionals, by revising the system of goals and objectives of the country’s scientific and technological development, including replacing formal indicators and standards with meaningful goals and objectives, by the way of revival of the system of self-organization and wide self-government of the scientific community, by launching an innovative system that allows one to switch scientific production from reports to administrator to the production of knowledge, competencies, research and development for the real sector of the economy.
Failed revival: some results of the development of Russian evolutionary theory in the second half of the XX century
Authors: Kolchinsky Eduard I.
Published: March 2020

The historical and scientific narrative about the August 1948 session of Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, portrayed for more than half a century in historiography as a triumph of pseudoscience, has undergone significant changes in recent decades. People who participated in those events are increasingly envisioned as representatives of various scientific clans competing for the authorities’ protection, finances, materials and human resources. The confrontations among biologists of those years are also explained by the interference of ideologists from the US state Department and the Central Committee of the CPSU in the clash two scientific concepts. Based on the analysis of August session’s causes and consequences, the author considers its role in the development of Russian evolutionary theory in the second half of the XXth – early XXI centuries. In those years the state became the sole customer of scientific research and tried to use it effectively to raise economic and military power, to justify its ideological policy and increase its international status. The confrontation between supporters of Michurin’s biology (lysenkoists) and their opponents on both sides involved scientists who already shared the morals, plans, and worldview of the party and government apparatus. Realizing that only the state can provide funds for their research projects, they sought to reach an understanding with the authorities, emphasizing the “ideological correctness” of their research and its great ideological significance. But at the same time, Lysenko’s opponents sought to stay in the mainstream of world science, follow its standards, and therefore were sensitive to the interference of the authorities in determining the strategy of scientific search. As a result, ethical and political compromises were inevitable. Scientists engaged in a dialogue with the authorities in a language they understood, using ideologies they understood, demonstrating loyalty to the party’s policy and official philosophy, but at the same time demanding not only financial and material resources, but also non-interference in science itself. As a result, even after the official collapse of Lysenko’s dominance, the evolutionary theory in the Russian-speaking regions could not regain its leading position in the knowledge of the evolution’s laws and ways.
Optimalisasi Layanan Perpustakaan Berbasis SIPRUS Di Perpustakaan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Authors: Rahman Idzhari , Nafisah Syifaun
Published: March 2020

Basically, library can provide fully information, and rather quickly in accordance with the needs of users. This research the optimization of the library information system through using the existed features, and hopefully, it can increase the service for the users. This research is using the qualitative approach method, and this is also field research. Based on the analysis of the results using the SDLC method, SIPRUS (Library Information System) is the library database collection of the State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga. This system uses MYSQL which means Open Resource-Based. SIPRUS has the same task to collect, process, conserve, refind the information, borrow and restore the book to the circulation section, and statistical functions to know the user's data, the library uses information technology to collect data as the library collection. In accordance with this analysis of the results, it can be said that OPAC is very helpful for users in searching for efficient and effective information.
Analisis Daya Gabung dan Korelasi Karakter Jumlah Buah Kakao pada Persilangan Setengah Dialel
Authors: Izzah Nur Kholilatul , Wicaksono Ilham Nur Ardhi , Tresniawati Cici , Wardiana Edi
Published: March 2020

Analysis of combining ability and correlation between characters in cacao plays an important role and benefits in an effort to obtain superior high-yield genetic material. This analysis makes it easy to find out the best combination of parents in producing superior progeny. The study aimed to analyze the combining ability and correlation of cacao pod numbers in F1 population generated from half-diallel crossing. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java, at an altitude of 450 m above sea level with Latosol soil type and B climate type (Schmidt and Fergusson), from 2014 until 2018. The experiment was arranged using a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 combinations of half-diallel crossing method that were repeated three times. The parental genotypes used were ICCRI 03, TSH 858, DR 1, ICS 13, and SCA 6. The variables observed were the number of healthy pods, number of rotten pods, number of cherelle wilts, and total pod numbers. The combining ability was analyzed using the Griffing 4 method, while correlation analysis was carried out phenotypically and genotypically.The results showed the action of non-additive genes in the F1 generation and three combinations of crosses, namely ICCRI 03 x TSH 858, TSH 858 x DR 1, and ICS 13 x SCA 6 had the opportunity to be developed into superior hybrids. In addition, it is known that there were phenotypic and genotypic positive correlations between the observed pod component characters.
Reflecting Bicultural Mechanisms in Waterscape Design and Planning
Authors: Emily Bowerman
Published: March 2020

This research investigates the ways practitioners uphold Indigenous and Western values water values in the design and management of waterscapes in New Zealand. Waterscapes are defined as a landscape in which water relationships are central to community social, ecological, recreational, spiritual and cultural interactions. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to understand how practitioners; landscape architects, planners, designers and environmental managers navigate the complexities of bicultural approaches in practice. The research optimizes two robust literature reviews and 13 semi-structured interviews conducted in New Zealand. Findings will be presented with a series of photos and frameworks followed by a speculative discussion on the applicability and future research opportunities in the Canadian context and beyond. The research contributes to policy discourse toward design and management practices and opportunities to employ a bicultural lens to achieve more collaborative outcomes. Click here to view a copy of this presentation.
Best Practices for Onsite Wastewater System Inspections, Maintenance and Record Keeping in the Lake Simcoe Watershed
Authors: Cameron Curran
Published: March 2020

Onsite wastewater systems, commonly known as septic systems, can pose serious threats to the health and functionality of lakes, aquatic systems, and rural communities if effluent is not sufficiently treated. To ensure septic systems are functioning well and having minimal impacts on the natural environment and human health, regular maintenance, reinspections, and record keeping are required under Section 8.9 of the Ontario Building Code. The objective of this project is to improve the capacity of municipalities within the Lake Simcoe Watershed for adopting septic reinspection program best practices. Mandated and discretionary programs will be analyzed for their effectiveness within vulnerable areas. The information gathered from the project research phases will be used to inform the development of a final proposed best practice framework for completing onsite wastewater system reinspection programs in Ontario.
Rural Development in Campobello Island
Authors: Anthony Offor
Published: March 2020

It is a project that looks at how best to improve the economic stability of the community environmental and economic rural development.
Analysis Strategies for Rabies Prevention and Control in China
Authors: Li Jia , Shi Leitai , Wang Yunpeng , Cao Shouchun
Published: March 2020

Objective To analyze the current epidemiological characteristics of rabies in China, grasp the law of epidemic changes, and provide scientific basis for rabies prevention and control strategies in China. Methods The data of human rabies prevention and control in China were systematically collected, combined with the genetic sequences of rabies virus street virus epidemic strains in various provinces of China, and statistical and molecular biological methods were used for statistics and analysis. Results The number of rabies cases and deaths in China has decreased year by year. At present, the main method of human rabies transmission in China is dog injury. Post-exposure treatment showed an increase in the rate of self-treatment, a decline in the overall immunity rate of the vaccine, and an increase in the rate of passive immunity. Human rabies vaccines are currently available to meet vaccination needs. In addition, the immune rates of dogs and cats did not change significantly. The rabies street virus strains in China are mainly divided into 6 species including China Ⅰ-China Ⅵ. Conclusion In terms of infrastructure, it is still necessary to increase the number of primary clinics, improve the professional capabilities of medical staff, and strengthen publicity and education on rabies prevention and treatment. In the areas with high incidence of cases, vaccines similar to street strain should be selected for immunization of human and animal.
Relative position of the central hole after EVO-ICL implantation for moderate to high myopia
Authors: He Xiaojian , niu lingling , Miao Huamao , zhao feng , Zhou Xingtao
Published: March 2020

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relative position of the central hole (C H ) of EVO Implantable Collamer Lens (EVO-ICL), the pupil center (C P ), and the corneal center (C C ) after implantation of EVO-ICLs for moderate to high myopia.
Methods: Eighty-nine eyes of forty-seven patients with moderate to high myopia were evaluated. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -12.58 ± 4.13D. A routine postoperative follow-up was performed within 1~12 months. Positions of the C H of EVO-ICLs, the C P and the C C were recorded using a slit lamp anterior segment photography system, and their relative distances were calculated with the Visio image analysis software.
Results: All surgeries were performed safely, and no complications were observed in follow-ups 4.3 ± 4.82 months after surgery. At the last follow-up, the safety index (postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA) was 1.23 ± 0.48, and the efficacy index (postoperative UDVA/preoperative CDVA) was 1.08 ± 0.31. The C H in 85 eyes (95.51%) was superior to the C C , with 47.19% (42/89) on the temporal side and 48.31% (43/89) on the nasal side. The C H in 84 eyes (94.38%) was located on the temporal side of the C P , with 56.18% (50/89) superior and 38.2% (34/89) inferior to the C P . The C P of eighty-five eyes (95.51%) was superior on the nasal side of the C C . On the defined x-axis, the average distance from the C H to C C was significantly shorter than the average distance from the C P to C C ( p < 0.001).
Conclusions: An imperfect mismatch between the central hole of EVO-ICLs and the pupil center does not necessarily indicate ICL dislocation. Compared to the pupil center, the position of the central hole of EVO-ICL is closer to the corneal center.
miR-373-3p inhibits EMT via regulation of TGFβR2 in choriocarcinoma
Authors: lu yanjie , Li Xiaoru , Zuo Yanzhen , xu qian , liu lei , wu haiying , chen long , zhang ying , fan wenjing , liu ying , li yuhong
Published: March 2020

Background: Previous studies have indicated that early metastasis is a major cause of mortality in patients with choriocarcinoma. However, what determines whether early metastasis of choriocarcinoma has occurred is unknown. The emerging role of miRNA in regulating cancer development and progression has been recognized. MiR-373 has been shown to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, whether miR-373 functions to promote choriocarcinoma metastasis is not clear. The purpose of this study is to determine the function of miR-373-3p in the progression of this cancer. Methods: In this study, we first compared epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, which were inversely correlated with miR-373-3p expression, in trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines. Using PCR and Western blot, upregulation of miR-373-3p was observed to inhibit EMT progression. Similarly, gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that ectopic miR-373-3p overexpression inhibited the metastasis of choriocarcinoma cells. Results: Our results revealed that miR-373-3p acted as an EMT inhibitor in JEG-3 and JAR cells; this was due to its mediation of the TGF-β signalling pathway, which was responsible for EMT. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miR-373-3p interacted with the 3' untranslated region of TGFβR2 mRNA, and then Western blot and dualluciferase reporter gene assays verified this interaction. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miR-373-3p upregulation partly accounts for TGFβR2 downregulation and leads to a restraint of EMT and metastasis. MiR-373-3p may therefore serve as a valuable potential target in the treatment of choriocarcinoma.
Midbrain/pons area ratio and clinical features predict the prognosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: cui shishuang , ling huawei , du juanjuan , lin yiqi , pan jing , zhou haiyan , wang gang , wang ying , xiao qin , liu jun , tan yuyan , chen shengdi
Published: March 2020

Backgrounds: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare movement disorder with poor prognosis. This retrospective study aims to characterize the natural history of PSP and to find predictors of shorter survival and faster decline of activity of daily living.
Method: All patients recruited fulfilled the movement disorder society (MDS) clinical diagnostic criteria for PSP (MDS-PSP criteria) for probable and possible PSP with median 12 years. Data were obtained including age, sex, date of onset, age at onset (AAO), symptoms reported at first visit and follow-up, date of death and date of institutionalization. Magnetic resonance imaging was collected at the first visit. Endpoints were death and institutionalization. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to explore factors associated with early death and institutionalization.
Results: 59 patients fulfilling MDS-PSP criteria were enrolled in our study. 19 patients (32.2%) had died and 31 patients (52.5%) were institutionalizedl by the end of the follow-up. Predictors associated with poorer survival were late-onset PSP and decreased M/P area ratio. Predictors associated with earlier institutionalization were older AAO and decreased M/P area ratio.
Conclusion: older and decreased M/P area ratio were predictors for earlier dearth and institutionalization in PSP. The neuroimaging biomarker M/P area ratio was a predictor for prognosis in PSP.
Relationships of Accelerometer-based Measured Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Cognitive Function: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of China’s Elderly Population
Authors: Wu Zhi jian , Wang Zhu ying , Hu Bing qian , Zhang Xu hui , Zhang Fan , Wang Hou lei , Li Fang hui
Published: March 2020

Background: This study explored the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the decline of cognitive ability among the elderly. To compensate for the limitations of self-reported physical activity, objective measures were used. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 308 aged people mean 68.66±5.377 years, in Nanjing, China, was conducted. Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The overall participant model, adjusted for age, BMI, education, and monthly average income, found that light physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01), moderate-vigorous physical activity (β=0.068, p<0.001), and total physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01) had a significant linear relationship with cognitive ability, while sedentary time did not (β=-0.020, p＞0.05). Further, light physical activity only affects the cognitive ability of elderly females (β=0.006, p<0.05). There was an inverted ‘U’ association between moderate-vigorous physical activity and cognitive ability. The association models found that moderate-vigorous physical activity in the 22.13 min·day–1～38.79 min·day–1 range affected cognitive ability most beneficially, with the highest beta coefficient among all groups (β=0.091, p<0.05). Conclusions: While physical activity can significantly improve cognitive ability among the elderly, sedentary behaviour is associated with decreased cognitive function across genders.
Predictors of the use of analgesic drugs 1 year after joint replacement: a single-center analysis of 13,000 hip and knee replacements
Authors: Rajamäki Tuomas , Moilanen Teemu , Puolakka Pia A. , Hietaharju Aki , Jämsen Esa
Published: March 2020

Background Pain persists in a moderate number of patients following hip or knee replacement surgery. Persistent pain may subsequently lead to the prolonged consumption of analgesics after surgery and expose patients to the adverse drug events of opioids and NSAIDs, especially in older patients and patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to identify risk factors for the increased use of opioids and other analgesics one year after surgery and focused on comorbidities and surgery-related factors. Methods All patients who underwent a primary hip or knee replacement for osteoarthritis from 2002 to 2013 were identified. Redeemed prescriptions for acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids (mild and strong) were collected from a nationwide Drug Prescription Register. The user rates of analgesics and the adjusted risks ratios for analgesic use one year after joint replacement were calculated. Results Of the 6,238 hip replacement and 7,501 knee replacement recipients, 3,591 (26.1%) were still using analgesics one year after surgery. Significant predictors of overall analgesic use (acetaminophen, NSAID, or opioid) were (risk ratio (95% CI)) age 65-74.9 years (reference <65), 1.1 (1.03-1.2), age > 75 years, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), female gender, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 (reference <25kg/m2), 1.1 (1.04-1.2), BMI >35 kg/m2, 1.4 (1.3-1.6), a higher number of comorbidities (according to modified Charlson Comorbidity Index score), and 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Diabetes and other comorbidities were not significant independent predictors. Of the other clinical factors, the preoperative use of analgesics, 2.6 (2.5-2.8) and knee surgery, 1.2 (1.1-1.3), predicted the use of analgesics, whereas simultaneous bilateral knee replacement (compared to unilateral procedure) was a protective factor, 0.86 (0.77-0.96). Opioid use was associated with obesity, higher CCI score, epilepsy, knee vs hip surgery, unilateral vs bilateral knee operation, total vs unicompartmental knee replacement, and the preoperative use of analgesics/opioids. Conclusions Obesity (especially BMI >35 kg/m2) and the preoperative use of analgesics were the strongest predictors of an increased postoperative use of analgesics. It is remarkable that also older age and higher number of comorbidities predicted analgesic use despite these patients being the most vulnerable to adverse drug events.
Effectiveness comparison of Zero-profile interbody fusion implant and anterior cervical plate interbody fusion device: a clinical and radiological study
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tang Xiangyu , Xiong Wei , Wu Hua , Author) Chaoxu Liu(Former Corresponding , Author) Feng Li(New Corresponding
Published: March 2020

Background Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a successful strategy to relieve the symptoms caused by cervical degenerative disease. Postoperative dysphagia is one complication of this kind of surgery. We performed this study to compare the clinical outcomes, radiographic parameters, and complications of　ACDF with a Zero-profile implant (Zero-P) and titanium plate and cage.Methods There were 68 patients received ACDF of single level, 35 patients with Zero-profile implant (Zero-p group) and 33 patients with traditional plate and cage (Cage group), from C3–C7 during 2014 to 2016. Collecting and analyzing of clinical and radiological data were performed. Patients were followed-up at least 1 year after surgery. The operation time, blood loss, Japan Department of Orthopedics Association (JOA) score, pain Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) score and dysphagia score were recorded. Additionally, changes in cervical lordosis, fusion rate and adjacent segment degeneration were analyzed as well.Results For neurologic outcomes, the JOA, VAS and NDI were statistically equivalent between the two groups (P>0.05). For radiographic outcomes, there were no significant differences in the C2-7 Cobb angles, segmental Cobb angle and incidence of subsidence at the final follow-up (P>0.05). No degenerative changes was found in the Zero-p group, whereas 5 patients in the Cage group developed degeneration in adjacent segments (P<0.05). Also, the incidence of postoperative dysphagia is higher in Cage group than in Zero-p group at 3 months and 12 months (P<0.05).Conclusions Both Zero-profile implant and anterior cervical plate interbody fusion device were demonstrated to be effective and safe strategies in this study. Considering the lower incidences of dysphagia and degenerative changes, the Zero-profile implant is a good succedaneum.
Trends in Measures of Handgrip Strength from 2014 to 2017 Among Korean Adolescents using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Authors: Kang Yunkoo , Kim Jieun , Kim Seung , Park Sowon , Lim Hyunjung , Koh Hong
Published: March 2020

Object: Measuring handgrip strength is a useful method to evaluate sarcopenia. No study has shown the trends of muscle quality among Korean adolescents by year. This study aimed to determine the trends of handgrip strength among Korean adolescents using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Data of 2,304 adolescents who participated in the KNHANES between 2014 and 2017 were obtained. Muscle quality was estimated by dividing handgrip strength by body weight (handgrip-to-weight ratio). The handgrip-to-weight ratios were categorized by age, sex, and year. Results: Handgrip strength in adolescents decreased from 28.67kg in 2014 to 27kg in 2017. (P for trend<0.05) The handgrip-to-weight ratio also decreased from 51.48 in 2014 to 48.18 in 2017 (P for trend<0.05). The handgrip strength and handgrip-to-weight ratio also decreased among boys and girls over the years 2014–2017 (P for trend<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that the handgrip-to-weight ratio decreased in Korean adolescents from the years 2014 to 2017, and a declining overall ratio indicates a decrease in the quality of muscles among Korean adolescents. Hence, there is a need to review the health status of Korean adolescents.
Withanone from Withania somnifera May Inhibit Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Entry by Disrupting Interactions between Viral S-Protein Receptor Binding Domain and Host ACE2 Receptor
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , POKHREL SUBARNA , Singh Jagdeep , Varshney Anurag
Published: March 2020

Background Newly emerged COVID-19 has been shown to engage the host cell ACE2 through its spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Here we show that natural phytochemical from a medicinal herb, Withania somnifera, have distinct effects on viral RBD and host ACE2 receptor complex. Methods We employed molecular docking to screen thousands of phytochemicals against the ACE2-RBD complex, performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and estimated the electrostatic component of binding free energy, along with the computation of salt bridge electrostatics. Results We report that W. somnifera compound, Withanone, docked very well in the binding interface of AEC2-RBD complex, and was found to move slightly towards the interface centre on simulation. Withanone significantly decreased electrostatic component of binding free energies of ACE2-RBD complex. Two salt bridges were also identified at the interface; incorporation of Withanone destabilized these salt bridges and decreased their occupancies. We postulate, such an interruption of electrostatic interactions between the RBD and ACE2 would block or weaken COVID-19 entry and its subsequent infectivity. Conclusion Our data, for the first time, show that natural phytochemicals could well be the viable options for controlling COVID-19 entry into host cells, and W. somnifera may be the first choice of herbs in these directions to curb the COVID-19 infectivity.
Determinants of life satisfaction and self-rated health in Iranian children and adolescents: A structure equation model
Authors: Angoorani Pooneh , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Heshmat Ramin , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Qorbani Mostafa , Kelishadi Roya
Published: March 2020

Background Life satisfaction (LS) and self-rated health (SRH) are related with health outcomes. It is expected that these items are also related to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to find out the main determinants of LS and SRH in nationwide representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods This study was performed on 13834 students aged 7-18 years who were selected by multistage, stratified cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. LS and SRH were assessed through a questionnaire based on World Health Organization-Global School-based Student Health Survey protocols. Path analysis was applied to evaluate the relationships among the study variables using the structural modeling. Results LS was directly affected by age (-0.037 in boys & -0.028 in girls); sedentary time (0.055 in boys & 0.048 in girls); school satisfaction (0.249 in boys & 0.250 in girls); and well-being (0.186 in boys & 0.176 in girls). SRH was directly affected by LS (0.28 in boys & girls) and school satisfaction (0.21 in boys & 0.22 in girls); and indirectly affected by age (-0.046 in boys & -0.017 in girls); sedentary time (-1.99 in boys & -0.145 in girls); family size (-0.005 in boys & -0.014 in girls); and socio-economic status (0.015 in boys & 0.058 in girls). Conclusions This study indicated that school satisfaction had the greatest positive direct effect on both LS and SRH.
Effects of directly added or reaction formed TiB2 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered B4C–TiB2 composites
Authors: Li Zongjia , Wang Yangwei , Cheng Huanwu , Zhu Yu , An Rui , Fang Haiyan , Feiya Aili , Han Baofeng
Published: March 2020

The boron carbide matrix composites containing boron carbide (B 4 C), titanium diboride (TiB 2 ; 20 wt% and 30 wt%) and titanium carbide (TiC) were fabricated at 2130 °C using the pressureless sintering method. Different amounts of TiB 2 and TiC particles were added to B 4 C, and the TiB 2 content was chosen as the main variable to study the effect on the composites. The density, hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness measurements were performed to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of the samples. The obtained results indicate that by adding 30 wt% TiB 2 submicron particles at 2130 °C, the bending strength and fracture toughness of 277.6 MPa and 5.38 MPa·m 1/2 are obtained for the composite. The particle pullout and crack microbridging play an effective role in toughening the composite ceramics. The main toughening mechanisms of the B 4 C-TiB 2 composites are noted to be microcrack and crack deflection toughening owing to the residual stresses resulting from the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between TiB 2 and B 4 C.
A facile approach for obtaining NiFe­2O4/C nanocomposites and their magnetic properties assessment
Authors: Bakhshi Hamed , Azari Maryam Mohammad , Shokuhfar Ali
Published: March 2020

NiFe2O4/C nanocomposites were prepared using the two-step process, including reverse microemulsion followed by thermochemical vapour deposition (TCVD). Micelles made in the first step worked well and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles owing sizes smaller than 10 nanometer with narrow size distribution were obtained. Acetylene gas was used as a carbon source for deposition on the surface of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. Coating applied for 1 and 2 h at 700°C and resulted in an enhancement of NiFe2O4 nanoparticle size to a level of 30 nanometer. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns revealed the spiel formation for all samples; however, the crystallinity of them has been increased as much as temperature rose to a level of coating. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) verified the metal-oxygen bonding linked to the octahedral and tetrahedral vibrations. Micro-Raman spectra for the coated samples were recorded as well, and the results confirmed the existence of ordered and disordered carbon-based materials in nanocomposites. It is noteworthy to mention that, in the sample with 2 h coating time, the defect densities were lower than the sample with an hour coating time. The vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) was also used to investigate the magnetic properties. The as-prepared sample behaves like a superparamagnetic matter; however, the coated ones behave like ferromagnetic materials. The saturation magnetization and coercivity of coated samples were lower than their bulk counterparts which was due to their smaller size.
Transforming UNICEF’s approach to Health System Strengthening: What place can a blended learning course play?
Authors: Naccarella Lucio , McPake Barbara , Dayal Prathna , Gikonyo Waithira , Torrealba Claudia Vivas , Morgan Alison
Published: March 2020

Background
UNICEF published their Health System Strengthening (HSS) approach to meet its strategic goals of ending preventable maternal, newborn and child deaths and promoting the health and development of all children and reducing inequities in health in 2016. UNICEF commissioned the University of Melbourne’s Nossal Institute for Global Health to develop and deliver a pilot blended HSS program , involving 60 hours of online learning and two weeks of face-to-face teaching over a six- month period. To assess the extent to which the HSS program had built the first 83 UNICEF 2017 graduates’ capabilities to apply HSS actions by 2017, UNICEF funded an independent evaluator from the University of Melbourne.
Methods
A mixed-methods assessment was conducted using: online surveys of graduates at: enrolment, completion, 6-months post HSS program ; nine focus groups with graduates at face-to-face workshops; and interviews with purposive samples of UNICEF graduates and graduate Senior Managers 12-months post HSS program .
Results
The HSS program content, structure and mode of delivery was positively received. Graduates reported increased confidence taking HSS actions and multiple changes in work practices (e.g., increased systems thinking and using of health system-based approaches). Graduates’ Senior Manager interviews revealed mixed impressions of graduates applying HSS actions, partly explained by the fit between the HSS program learnings and UNICEF’s workplace environment. Key contextual factors influencing graduates applying HSS actions included: workload; limited opportunities to apply HSS actions; limited HSS examples; and variable support to apply HSS actions. Graduate and Senior Manager suggestions to optimise applying HSS actions included: linking HSS program content with UNICEF priorities; increasing opportunities for graduates to apply HSS actions; increasing access to HSS support.
Conclusions
The paper concludes by presenting HSS program and assessment suggestions from the 2017 UNICEF Pilot HSS program assessment and actions taken for the 2018 UNICEF staff cohorts by HSS program developers, funders and beneficiaries.
Clinical features and treatment of “Non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture”
Authors: jiang liangjun , zheng qiang , pan zhijun , zhu hanxiao , chen erman
Published: March 2020

Background To explore the epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and clinical results of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture. Method A total of 25 cases of non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture patients were collected, including 12 males and 13 females, aged 27-79 years. Preoperative tibial plateau posterior slope angle was - 10 ~ 0 degrees, average - 5.2 degrees. Preoperative MRI showed 5 cases of MCL injury, 3 cases of PLC complex injury and 2 cases of PLC + PCL injury. The change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle was more than 10 degrees in patients with ligament injury, and the patients with a tibial plateau posterior slope angle change less than 10 degrees had no ligament injury; 6 patients with simple column fracture had a ligament injury, 2 patients with bilateral column fracture had a ligament injury, and 2 patients with three column fracture had a ligament injury. Results All patients were followed up for 12-24 months (average 16.4 months). The operation time was 65-180 minutes (average 124 minutes), and the bleeding volume was 20-200 ml (average 106 ml). The plate was placed on the anterior part of tibial plateau. Evaluation of postoperative fracture reduction: 20 cases were anatomic reduction, 5 cases were good reduction (between 2-5mm articular surface collapse), and the excellent rate of fracture reduction was 100%. The fracture healing time was 3-6 months (average 3.3 months). The postoperative knee Rasmussen score was 18-29 (average 24.9), and the postoperative knee joint mobility was 90-130 ° (average 118 °). Superficial infection occurred in 2 patients. Conclusions The main imaging characteristic of "non-dislocated hyperextension tibial plateau fracture" is the change of tibial plateau posterior slope angle. The injury of single anteromedial column/anterolateral column fracture is easy to combine with "diagonal" injury, and when the tibial plateau posterior slope angle changes more than 10 degrees, it is easy to be associated with ligament injury. By restoring the joint articular surface and lower limb force line, repairing the soft tissue structure, and reconstructing the knee joint stability, we can achieve satisfactory results.