bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
7P pediatrics — Medicine of Development and Health Programming
Authors: Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Baranov Alexandr A. , Vishneva Elena A. , Alekseeva Anna A. , Albitskiy Valerii Y. , Belyaeva Irina A. , Bulgakova Viliya A. , Vashakmadze Nato D. , Gordeeva Olga B. , Zelenkova Irina V. , Kaitukova Elena V. , Karkashadze Georgii A. , Komarova Elena V. , Levina Julia G. , Pashkov Alexandr V. , Privalova Tatiana E. , Revunenkov Grigorii V. , Selimzianova Liliya R. , Ustinova Natalia V. , Fedoseenko Marina V. , Efendiyeva Kamilla E.
Published: January 2022

The transition to personalized, predictive, preventive and participatory medicine, due, among other things, to the achievements of fundamental science, digitalization and the development of information and communication technologies, naturally demanded changes in childrens health care. New organizational, methodological and technological changes that have taken place to ensure a highly dynamic, adapted, and, at the same time, permanent provision of the medical process anywhere and at any time, have led to the need for specialists of a new formation a pluriexpert team ready to work in new conditions: how to participate in research in fundamental science, and to the introduction of innovative methods in clinical practice, medical and social support and the educational process. In these conditions, the strategic goal set for pediatrics to analyze absolutely all aspects of health: somatic, neuropsychic, emotional and psycho-social, in the process of growth and development of a child from conception/birth to adolescence / adulthood was implemented in a new direction of clinical and fundamental medicine developmental pediatrics and child health programming. 7P-pediatrics: Programming the development and health of the child, Preventive, Predictive, Personalized, Participatory, Polyprofessional (Pluriexpert), Progressive medicine for children, in which the results of scientific work based on fundamental data and ideas of neurosciences about progressive development and modern methodology of educational support of the entire medical process are fully translated into a clinical practice.
90 Years Old Academician Felix Ivanovich Ershov
Authors: Narovlyansky Alexander N.
Published: January 2022

December 10, 2021 marks the 90th anniversary of the birth and 65 years of the scientific activity of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Felix Ivanovich Ershov. F.I. Ershov is a prominent scientist-virologist, popularizer of science, known in our country and abroad, one of the leading experts on the problem of interferon and its inducers. Staff members of the National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya, friends, colleagues and students sincerely congratulate Felix Ivanovich Ershov on his anniversary and wish him new creative successes, health, long and happy years of life!
Betting on bets
Authors: Welty Chris , Paritosh Praveen , Bollacker Kurt
Published: January 2022

The AI Bookie column documents highlights from AI Bets, an online forum for the creation of adjudicatable predictions about the future of AI. Since the column's inception 3 years ago, only a few scientific bets have been collected, despite universal approval around the idea of scientific betting. We hope to widen our reach with an additional first batch of seed bets that are of broad interest to the research community including AI bias, fifth sentence prediction, emotion regulation, big models, and fake news. For detailed guidelines and to place bets, visit sciencebets.org.
Reward Machines: Exploiting Reward Function Structure in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Toro Icarte Rodrigo , Klassen Toryn Q. , Valenzano Richard , McIlraith Sheila A.
Published: January 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods usually treat reward functions as black boxes. As such, these methods must extensively interact with the environment in order to discover rewards and optimal policies. In most RL applications, however, users have to program the reward function and, hence, there is the opportunity to make the reward function visible – to show the reward function’s code to the RL agent so it can exploit the function’s internal structure to learn optimal policies in a more sample efficient manner. In this paper, we show how to accomplish this idea in two steps. First, we propose reward machines, a type of finite state machine that supports the specification of reward functions while exposing reward function structure. We then describe different methodologies to exploit this structure to support learning, including automated reward shaping, task decomposition, and counterfactual reasoning with off-policy learning. Experiments on tabular and continuous domains, across different tasks and RL agents, show the benefits of exploiting reward structure with respect to sample efficiency and the quality of resultant policies. Finally, by virtue of being a form of finite state machine, reward machines have the expressive power of a regular language and as such support loops, sequences and conditionals, as well as the expression of temporally extended properties typical of linear temporal logic and non-Markovian reward specification.
Electrochemical detection of adrenaline and hydrogen peroxide on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Khot Gaurang , Kaboli Mohsen , Celikel Tansu , Shirtcliffe Neil
Published: January 2022

Adrenaline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have neuromodulatory functions in the brain, and peroxide is also formed during reaction of adrenaline. Considerable interest exists in developing electrochemical sensors that can detect their levels in vivo due to their important biochemical roles. Challenges associated with the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide and adrenaline are that the oxidation of these molecules usually requires highly oxidising potentials (beyond 1.4 V against silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl)) where electrode damage and biofouling are likely and the signals of adrenaline, hydrogen peroxide and adenosine overlap on most electrode materials. To address these issues, the authors fabricated pyrolysed carbon (C) electrodes coated with oxidised carbon nanotubes. Using these electrodes for fast-scan cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that the electrode offers reduced overpotentials compared with graphite and improved resistance to biofouling. Adrenaline oxidises on this electrode at 0.75 (±0.1) V and reduces back at −0.2 (±0.1) V, while hydrogen peroxide oxidation is detected at 0.85 (±0.1) V on this electrode. The electrodes are highly sensitive with a sensitivity of 16 nA/μM for adrenaline and 11 nA/μM for hydrogen peroxide on an 80 μm2 electrode. They are also suitable for distinguishing between adrenaline, hydrogen peroxide and adenosine. Thus, these probes can be used for multimodal detection of analytes.
Functionally oriented composite layered materials with martensitic transformations
Authors: Rusinov Petr O , Blednova Zhesfina M , Kurapov George V
Published: January 2022

The studies carried out show that the task of ensuring the reliability and expanding the functionality of products operating under multifactorial effects (temperature, force and deformation) can be successfully solved by using functionally oriented surface composite materials with thermoelastic martensitic transformations (TMTs). The authors proposed the technology of layer-by-layer synthesis of functionally oriented composite layered materials with TMTs in an argon (Ar) environment, implemented on patented equipment in a single technological cycle. This technology determines not only the novelty but also the economic feasibility of technical solutions. The authors also suggested step-by-step methods of thermal and thermomechanical treatment of composite layered materials with TMTs, which contribute to structural stabilization while decreasing residual stress. On the basis of complex X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic studies, the authors determined the structural parameters of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) materials obtained by HVOF with subsequent thermal and thermomechanical treatment and ceramic materials zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)–yttrium (III) oxide (Y2O3)–cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2)–aluminum oxide (Al2O3) stabilized with aluminum oxide with subsequent heat treatment. The authors investigated the microhardness of surface high-entropy and ceramic materials. Tests for ‘friction wear’ and mechanical high-cycle fatigue of steels with a composite surface laminate showed a decrease in the wear rate and an increase in cyclic durability.
Securities Market Conditions: the Phenomenon of the Influence of Private Investors by Means of Social Networks
Authors: Zvyagintseva Natalya , Ovchinnikova Ksenia
Published: January 2022

The key trend in the development of the securities market in 2020–2021 was a record inflow of retail investors. At the same time, the increasing number of private investors on the stock market is accompanied by their active use of social networks. The development of social networks enables private investors to establish communication with each other, pool capital and develop common strategies, which ultimately increase the influence of individuals on the stock market dynamics. A review of modern economic scientific literature has shown insufficient coverage of the issue of social networks impact on the securities market. In this connection, the authors made an attempt to investigate such precedents to systematize them. The article presents the dynamics of the number of private investors and their share in trading turnover, gives reasons for the expansion of retail investors presence on the securities market, considers statistics demonstrating the breadth of the Internet and social networks penetration into various spheres of citizens' life. Cases of market manipulation through the actions of private investors in social networks were analyzed and summarized, as well as government regulators’ reaction to such actions was revealed. A number of risks associated with social networks influence on investment decisions by private investors are identified and recommendations for their protection and leveling the negative background of social networks are proposed.
Renovation of Large-Panel Buildings: Peculiar Features in a Non-Capital Region
Authors: Grushina Olga , Kislov Evgeniy
Published: January 2022

The period from 1957 to 1985 features mass industrial development — the construction of "Khrushchev-era buildings". Today, poor structural condition of these buildings represents an urgent challenge. The problem of "Khrushchev-era buildings" is especially urgent for the Irkutsk region due to specific climate conditions, materials used and mistakes made during their construction. Renovation in Irkutsk will allow honing the renovation techniques taking into account the seismic conditions of construction and a cold climate. The article deals with the development of a renovation standard project of a separate residential district in Irkutsk. The author's methodology is based on the content and sequence of stages of such a renovation.
As a result, the authors have calculated project costs and profits and justified the conditions for obtaining commercial efficiency for a developer. It is shown that the renovation efficiency can be achieved when the area of residential buildings is doubled and more. Another prerequisite for successful renovation process is the recovery of expenses related to resettlement of citizens from demolished houses subsidized by the state buying out apartments for resettlement under programs of liquidation of dilapidated buildings. In conclusion, the authors point out advantages and drawbacks of the renovation for the population and municipal authorities.
Risk Management in Logistic Activities of a Trading Company
Authors: Kholmovsky Stanislav , Svezhintseva Angelina
Published: January 2022

Risk is an integral part of business. The volatility and unpredictability of the organization's external environment complicates risk management for the firm. The activity of a trade organization depends on the efficiency of logistic risks management, which in the majority of cases, may have negative consequences for the company. We provided the classification of logistic risks depending on the level of their occurrence. The principles of management of the company's logistics risks are considered. We assessed the relevance of international standards of risk management to the management of logistics risks in the trade area. The individual stages of risk management were examined in relation to the logistics of a trade organization. The article explored the use of risk maps and mapping of logistic risks in the process of risk management. We examined main methods of logistic risk management in the activities of a trading company.
Institutional Impact of Forestry on the Economy
Authors: Litvin Dmitry , Davydova Galina , Biryukova Anastasia
Published: January 2022

The problems of the forest sector identified by many researchers are primarily related to the quality of institutions and the lack of effective institutional relations in the industry, according to the authors’ opinion. The results presented in the article, which prove the existence of a causal relationship between the qualitative characteristics of institutions and institutional relations and economic results, are shown for the first time in the case of the forest industry. In order to achieve the objective, the economic interrelations between forest industry entities are analyzed in the context of their institutional environment. It is revealed that the existing institutional structure of the industry supports the conflict of incentives between the owner (state) and the user (tenant) of forest land. The theoretical aspects of the specification of property rights, minimization of transaction costs and costs of contractual relations in the Russian forest industry to increase its economic efficiency are investigated. The transformation of Russian forest industry institutions should be based on the comparative advantages of existing institutions, economic models of successful forest management, objective institutional and economic indicators of sustainable growth, such as the specification of property rights and the minimization of specific transaction costs.
The Quality Management of the Products Produced by the Enterprises for the Production of Metal Structures
Authors: Anikienko Nikolay , Savchenko Inna
Published: January 2022

Currently, it is necessary to build a product quality management system that ensures the smooth operation of the organization, the competitiveness of products, the development and maintenance of the organization's quality goals. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of quality management of manufactured products at the enterprise. The necessity of quality management of the enterprise's products as the basis of the competitiveness of the enterprise is substantiated. The concept of quality management is considered. The stages of development of the quality management system are given. The threats of defective goods and their impact on the economic condition of the enterprise are considered. At the research stage, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique. The quality control system of metal structures is analyzed. Losses from defects in the manufacture of metal structures were revealed. A Pareto diagram of the defected goods distribution is constructed, the data of which indicate that more than 55 % of the defects is caused by locksmiths, 17 % — undercuts, 13 % — displacement of holes and other reasons. The main reason was the insufficient level of qualification of locksmiths. In order to improve the quality of products, measures have been proposed concerning the retraining of workers, updating equipment. It is recommended at operational meetings to develop preventive and corrective measures to reduce defects, reduce the workload of engineers of the technical control department. The suggested measures will reduce the number of defective products, increase the competitiveness of the company's products.
O Mal-Estar do Sujeito Contemporâneo: Os efeitos do Discurso Capitalista
Authors: Oliveira Amorim Jaqueline , De Andrade Barros Rogério
Published: January 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: Partindo das perspectivas freudianas, entende-se que as formas de mal-estar estão diretamente ligadas à cultura. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa toma como objeto de investigação o sujeito contemporâneo, considerando os novos modos de subjetivação decorrentes do discurso capitalista. Se na época freudiana a lei totêmica orientava a constituição dos sujeitos, restringindo sua satisfação pulsional e dando origem ao mal-estar, atualmente, a queda desse ideal promove a ascensão do objeto a ao zênite social. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da nova lógica discursiva do mestre contemporâneo na relação do sujeito com o seu mal-estar, elucidando as regulações contemporâneas utilizadas para dar tratamento ao gozo. MÉTODO: O estudo baseia-se em uma abordagem qualitativa dos dados, configurando-se como uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica. RESULTADOS: Compreende-se que o discurso capitalista determina novas formas de relação com a satisfação, conquistando os sujeitos a partir da promessa de tamponamento da falta. CONCLUSÃO: a satisfação na contemporaneidade apresenta-se como efêmera, intensificando o sofrimento e dando origem a novos sintomas.
Метод реляционно-ситуационного анализа текста в психологических исследованиях
Authors: Ениколопов С.Н. , Кузнецова Ю.М. , Осипов Г.С. , Смирнов И.В. , Чудова Н.В.
Published: January 2022

Разработка методов искусственного интеллекта, позволяющих получать достоверную информацию о психологических особенностях человека по его речи, является одним из направлений развития психодиагностического инструментария современного уровня. Создание подобных средств подразумевает взаимодействие психологов, лингвистов и представителей компьютерной науки, поэтому требует определенной методологической базы и организационных условий. В настоящей работе описан опыт разработки отечественного диагностического инструмента анализа письменных текстов, в том числе сетевых интеракций, осуществленной под руководством Г.С. Осипова в возглавляемом им Институте проблем искусственного интеллекта ФИЦ «Информатика и управление» РАН и при сотрудничестве с Научным центром психического здоровья, Институтом русского языка РАН и Пермским государственным университетом. В основе инструмента лежит предложенный Г.С. Осиповым метод реляционно-ситуационного анализа текста (РСА), учитывающий особенности коммуникативной грамматики русского языка Г.А. Золотовой. Из­влекаемые с помощью инструмента «Ма­ши­на РСА» данные позволяют представлять текст в виде совокупности предикатно-аргументных ролевых структур, отражающих особенности картины мира автора текста. Машина выделяет в тексте более ста семантических признаков и семантических ролей; привлечение ряда психолингвистических показателей и специально сформированных тематических групп слов расширяет перечень признаков, выявляемых «Машиной РСА», до 197. Проведенные эмпирические исследования позволили выявить специфику текста, связанную с психологическими особенностями (устанавливаемыми с помощью психодиагностических методик и экспертно), а также психиатрическим статусом (шизофрения и клиническая депрессия) испытуемых — авторов текстов, что открывает перспективы для диагностического и мониторингового применения полученных результатов. Возможность использовать данные, получаемые с помощью «Машины РСА», для машинного обучения делает инструмент адаптивным и развивающимся в соответствии с конкретными исследовательскими задачами.
The Prevalence of Loneliness among University Students from Five European Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shpakou Andrei , Klimatckaia Liudmila , Skoblina Natalia , Baj-Korpak Joanna , Skarbalienė Aelita , Fedortsiv Olga , Krestyaninova Tatyana , Znatnova Alena , Cherkasova Julia
Published: January 2022

At universities for students, the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduced anti-pandemic measures turned out to be psycho-traumatic factors that increased the experience of loneliness. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of the phenomenon of loneliness among university students in five European countries, taking into account the variety of anti-COVID measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, questionnaires of 2316 students. In Russia, Poland and Ukraine a hard lockdown was introduced during the pandemic. Lithuania (in the first months) did not undertake severe restrictions, and for a long time the danger of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was not recognized in Belarus. The students in Lithuania and Belarus, 33 and 35 points. Students from Poland, Russia and Ukraine: 38, 37, 37 points, respectively. All respondents were classified according to three levels of loneliness experience. A low level (<40) was noted in 1,510 cases (65.2%), medium (40‒60) — 740 people (32.0%), high (>60) experience of loneliness — 66 respondents (2.8%). Among the representatives of Lithuania and Belarus, a low level of subjective feeling of loneliness prevailed (about 70% of respondents), while in Ukraine, Russia and Poland the share of low indicators was significantly less, respectively, 65.2%, 59.8% and 57.8%. University students from five countries who participated in the study do not experience high levels of loneliness. Gradation of the prevalence of feelings of loneliness from minimum to maximum in comparison is as follows: LT — BY — RU—UA—PL. The severity of loneliness is associated with the levels of restrictions in the countries during the pandemic.
Преждевременное прерывание воспитания приемных детей в замещающих семьях: обзор российских и зарубежных исследований
Authors: Асламазова Л.А. , Мухамедрахимов Р.Ж. , Туманьян К.Г.
Published: January 2022

Проявления замещающей семейной заботы о детях-сиротах и детях, оставшихся без попечения родителей, сопровождаются случаями преждевременного прерывания воспитания приемных детей, число которых увеличивается с усилением интенсивности устройства их в семьи. Изучение причин преждевременного прерывания (отказа) от продолжения воспитания приемного ребенка со стороны замещающих родителей осуществляется в отечественных и зарубежных исследованиях, многочисленные результаты которых требуют проведения информационно-аналитического обзора. Цель работы состоит в анализе и обобщении результатов психологических исследований отказа от продолжения воспитания приемного ребенка. Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что основные направления исследований связаны с изучением влияющих на отказ от продолжения воспитания особенностей приемных детей, характеристик замещающих родителей и семей, а также особенностей возможного взаимодействия приемного ребенка с биологической семьей. Результаты работы и их обсуждение позволяют сделать выводы, что отказ от проживания приемного ребенка в семье представляет собой сложное явление, на которое оказывают влияние разнообразные факторы, связанные как с особенностями детей, так и с особенностями замещающих родителей, а также с влиянием биологической семьи на процессы, происходящие в замещающей семье. Опыт отказа, переживаемый приемным ребенком и замещающими родителями, имеет множественные негативные психологические последствия для обеих сторон, в том числе в виде переживания чувства утраты, изоляции, обесценивания отношений, психической травматизации. Обеспе­че­ние проживания детей-сирот и детей, ос­тавшихся без попечения биологических родителей, в стабильных и качественных условиях замещающей семьи предполагает повышение качества подготовки замещающих родителей, а также разработку и внедрение научно обоснованных профилактических программ сопровождения ребенка и замещающей семьи.
Crisis as a Challenge and Enabler for Entrepreneurship: Lessons from the Pandemic
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Alexander Chepurenko
Published: January 2022

Introductory article by the editor of the special issue
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Published: January 2022

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Published: January 2022

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PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FAILED BACK SURGERY SYNDROME BY STEERABLE EPIDURAL CATHETER
Authors: Sulaiman Anjam , Abdulmajeed Othman , Rashid Hoshanc
Published: January 2022

Background 

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a frequently occurring disease following lumbar spinal surgery. It has also been named “post lumbar surgery syndrome,” and much research has been done. The patients share continued back and extremity pain following one or more spinal operations. It may be due to inadequate operations, operative complications, progression of degenerative processes, or a new pathology.

Objectives 

To successfully use a steerable epidural catheter to treat ‘Failed Back Surgery Syndrome’ patients. Study Design a case series was carried out on 50 patients with FBSS.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from patients with FBSS, pain symptoms, MRI findings. (VAS) the visual analog scale has been used for pain degree evaluation, (ODI) Oswestry disability index was used for functional improvement evaluation. Percutaneous adhesiolysis under fluoroscopy guide has been performed, and the patients were assessed at one month and three months intervals from the day of the procedure.

Results

In comparing to baseline values, there was a significant decrease of the mean and median VAS after one month and three months of the intervention (p < 0.001). The same is for the ODI%, where it is clear that its median decreased from 48% to 22% after one month (p < 0.001) and to 8% after three months (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Steerable epidural catheter was effective in FBSS treatment with improvement in pain and function.
REVISION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS CASES ACCORDING TO NEW 2017 MCDONALD CRITERIA AMONG DIAGNOSED PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Abdula Rzgar , Kurmanji Mohammed , Mohammed Zana , Al-Bajalan Sarwer
Published: January 2022

Background 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. The diagnosis of Multiple sclerosis is challenging, owing to having a comprehensive list of differentials and mimickers.

Objectives 

To determine the frequency of misdiagnosed Multiple Sclerosis cases diagnosed among those patients in Sulaimani city.

Patients and and Methods

This retrospective observational study was conducted within a period between December 24th. 2019 and June 10th, 2020, on 106 already diagnosed patients. The study included patients diagnosed with the relapse-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. We excluded those patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. We re-evaluated each patient in-depth and stratified the cases according to the diagnosis certainty based on the fulfillment of the 2017 McDonald Criteria. Finally, we returned those suspicious cases to the multiple sclerosis committee of Shar hospital to verify their final diagnosis. 

Results

Sixteen (16.9%) out of 106 patients, there was diagnostic uncertainty in which 6 (5.7%) of them received the confirmatory diagnosis of relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis by the committee, and 1(0.9%) patient considered secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. In the remaining 9 (8.4%) patients, we found the clinically isolated syndrome in 5 (4.7%) patients, solitary sclerosis in 1 (0.9%) patient, stroke with polycythemia rubra vera (PRV) in 1 (0.9%) patient, possible cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy in 1 (0.9%) patient, and 1 (0.9 %) patient was undiagnosed. 

Conclusion

To sum up, the frequency of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis was 8.4% in Sulaimani city, slightly lower than the other reporting centers.
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON PEDIATRIC NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CHEMOTHERAPY ADMINISTRATION IN HIWA CANCER HOSPITAL IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Sadiq Hiwa , Majeed Bahar
Published: January 2022

Background 

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells. Chemotherapy is a potentially life-saving medication for people with malignancies that act by targeting cancer and non-cancer rapid dividing cells. Nurses are the prominent persons exposed to these drugs during the preparation and administration of antineoplastic agents.

Objectives 

To find out the effectiveness of educational program on pediatric nurses’ knowledge about chemotherapy administration.

Methods

Quasi-experimental research design (pre-posttest) has been utilized in this study. Tool of data collection was built; the program was constructed. To obtain validity (15), experts were selected from different specialties. The pilot study was done on six nurses in the pediatric department in Hiwa cancer hospital within the first two weeks of January 2018, and reliability of the tool was done. Sixty-nine nurses were selected purposively. 

Data were collected in three phases; before the educational program, the data was collected as a pre-test, an educational program which was consist of 12 sessions was applied, and the last phase collected data in the same questionnaire after the educational program as post-test. Data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package of Social sciences (V-21).

Results

The result of the study has shown significant differences in mean scores between pre- and post-program application, which indicates the effectiveness of the applied program to the nurses at a P-value (<0.001). 

Conclusion

According to the study’s findings, the educational program was effective, and nurses’ level of knowledge has risen after they participated in educational sessions.
Prevalence of Oromaxillofacial Lesions in Major Histopathological Centers in Sulaimani City
Authors: Salim Gasha , Mohammad Dena , Garib Balkees , Khudier Hassanain
Published: January 2022

Objective: Oral and maxillofacial lesions are among the most prevalent oral diseases all over the world. They can be diagnosed through a thorough history and oral examination. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of oromaxillofacial lesions in response to sex, age, type of surgery, site of distribution, clinical presentation, and histopathological diagnosis in Sulaimani city.  

Methods: A retrospective study conducted from January 2016 to December 2019 in three major histopathological centers in Sulaimani, 774 patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions were studied. Required data, including sex, age, type of surgical biopsy, site of lesions, and the clinical presentations of these lesions, were obtained from the patients' archived profiles and records. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, and P-values of < 0.05 were considered significant.      

Results: Over half of the patients (54.3%) were females. The patients' age ranged from 1 day to 90 years. Excisional biopsy was the most frequently conducted surgical procedure (67.8%). Intraoral soft lesions accounted for (64.2%) of the whole lesions, followed by bone lesions (20.4%). Soft tissue mass was the most common clinical presentation (62.3%). The most commonly diagnosed lesions were reactive/hyperplastic lesions (24.2%) and epithelial tumors (11.4%). There was a significant relationship between age and histopathological diagnosis as the p-value =0.000.  

Conclusions: Histopathological records provide essential data that help predict the frequent site and type of the most prevalent oral and maxillofacial lesions in Sulaimani city. They can be used for prevention and treatment planning.
Esthetic and Functional Assessment of Sixty Five Patients who Underwent Rhinoplasty (A maxillofacial surgeon’s experience)
Authors: Hama Rebwar , Hawrami Falah , Amin Zanyar
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study aims to assess patient satisfaction according to the shape and function of the nose using a rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire, pre, and post rhinoplasty procedure.  

Methods: A prospective study of sixty-five rhinoplasty patients who underwent open rhinoplasty procedures, including other nasal procedures like septoplasty or turbinoplasty in Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital, department of oral maxillofacial surgery. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was used for esthetic and functional assessment.      

Results: In this study, sixty-five patients participated by completing the questionnaires and the follow-up period. The main reasons for rhinoplasty in our patients were: esthetic 55.4% (n=36), functional 3.1 %( n=2), and a combination of both in 41.5% (n=27) patients. Although there were no statistically significant gender differences for outcomes of rhinoplasty, statistically significant improvements were identified between the preoperative and postoperative scores for both genders. In the preoperative stage, patients recorded worse scores for anxiety and insecurity (p < 0.05). There were no differences in gender, age, cause, or literacy level in the mean postoperative scores (p > 0.05).  

Conclusions: The present study suggests that the rhinoplasty cases carried out by maxillofacial surgeons have high satisfaction rates regarding final esthetic and functional results. The rhinoplasty results have a great psychological impact on the patients’ lives.
Risks of venous thromboembolic complications in related to combined oral contraceptives
Authors: Gabelova K. A. , Shabanova N. A. , Bezhenar V. F. , Zvartau E. E. , Akishina Yu. A.
Published: January 2022

Hormonal contraception is the most popular and effective reversible method for preventing unwanted pregnancy exerting multiple prophylactic and therapeutic effect along with contraceptive activity. The main adverse coupled to combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is its impact on the hemostasis and increased risk of venous thromboembolic complications. A great evolutionary path has been travelled after beginning application of hormonal contraception to reduce dose of its estrogen component and improving quality of gestagen component. Nevertheless, thrombotic complications related to COCs use still remain a pressing issue not only due to disease severity and high mortality rate from pulmonary embolism (PE), but also due to the difficulties in its timely diagnostics. Here we describe a clinical case of a 19-year-old patient suffering from vena cava inferior thrombosis complicated by PE after using COCs.
KELİME OYUNLARININ İLKOKUL 4. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KELİME HAZİNELERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: Kultas Emrah , Ulusoy Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kelime oyunlarının ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin kelime hazineleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın modeli olarak ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında Van ili, Edremit ilçesindeki iki ilkokulda öğrenim gören 30 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Wesche ve Paribakht (1996) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve İlter (2015) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanmış olan “Kelime Bilgisi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde yüzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama, eta-kare etki büyüklüğü korelasyon katsayısı, Shapiro-Wilk testi ve T-Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, kelime oyunları ile kelime öğretimi yapılan deney grubu ile ilkokul 4. sınıf Türkçe öğretim programına göre öğrenim gören kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin kelime bilgisi son-test puanları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Parenting Stress and Daily Hassles in Mothers of Young and Preschool Children
Authors: Vasilenko V.E. , Savenysheva S. , Zapletina O.O.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of parenting stress, daily hassles and the relationship of their parameters in mothers of young and preschool children. Sample: 112 mothers from Saint Petersburg, children aged from 4 months up to 7 years. Methods: Parenting Sress Index (PSI-4) by R. Abidin, questionnaire of daily hassles by M.D. Petrash, O.Y. Strizhitskaya, L.A. Golovey, S.S. Savenysheva, STAI by C.D. Spielberger adapted by Y.L. Khanin, socio-biographical questionnaire. Results: A high level of parenting stress was revealed, especially in the domain, associated with the characteristics of the parent himself and his feelings about how he copes with the parental role. The level of daily hassles corresponds to the standards, with the most pronounced stressors in the family domain. Close relationships between parenting stress and daily hassles were found, with the exception of the field of work, while no relationship with life stress was identified. Depression, relationship problems and incompetence are most closely related to daily hassles. Parenting stress is positively correlated with state and trait anxiety. Parenting stress is not related to the age of the mother, the age and gender of the child, family experience and the number of children. However, it is less pronounced with more employment at work.
Subjective Importance of Work and Time Allocation: Relationship with Subjective Well-Being and Work Engagement Under Different Job Demands
Authors: Rasskazova E.I.
Published: January 2022

Background. Investigating imbalance between the subjective importance of different life spheres and the time and energy devoted to them is a common task in counseling and psychotherapy. The aim of the study is to reveal the relationship between the the subjective importance of work and the time / effort devoted to it, with general well-being, work engagement and motivation under different levels of job demands. Procedure and methods. 286 students assessed the importance of five life spheres (work / study, family, personal life, friends, health) and the time and energy given to them, then filled Self-Regulation of Behavior Questionnaire, a modified version of the Action / State Orientation Questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. 1,200 people assessed spheres of life using the same approach, then filled Satisfaction With Life Scale, Scale for Positive And Negative Experiences, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, a brief version of the Emotional Burnout Scale, the Workaholism Scale, Professional Motivation Questionnaire, Job Demands and Resources Questionnaire. Results and conclusions. Positive emotions, work engagement and intrinsic motivation are higher both in those reporting greater subjective importance of work, and in those reporting greater contribution of time and effort to this work (β=0,12-0,42, p<0,01). However, the time and energy devoted to work is less strongly associated with positive emotions, work engagement and intrinsic motivation under high and uncoordinated job demands (β=-0,14 — -0,09, p<0,05). Life satisfaction is higher, and negative emotions and emotional burnout at work are lower in those reporting higher importance of work, but this correlation is weaker for those who spend a lot of time and energy on work (β=-0,15 — -0,09, p<0,01). A greater contribution of effort and time to work, but not subjective importance of work, is also associated with workaholism (β=0,29, p<0,01).
Psychometric Properties of the Russian Three-Factor Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure
Authors: Razvaliaeva A.Y. , Polskaya N.A.
Published: January 2022

We present the results of a study conducted to validate the Interpersonal Sensitivity measure in the Russian sample. Interpersonal sensitivity is a personality trait encompassing preoccupation with the behavior and emotions of other people and fear of their criticism and rejection (Boyce, Parker, 1989). The sample consisted of 645 participants (100 men) aged 18—35 (M=22.92±5.01). A three-factor structure of the measure was revealed in the Russian sample; the factors named Dependence on the Appraisal by Others, Fear of Rejection and Interpersonal Worry converged in the higher-order factor of Interpersonal Sensitivity. The scales yielded good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Interpersonal sensitivity was higher in women and decreased with age. It was significantly positively related to rejection sensitivity, loneliness, state anxiety, and emotional dysregulation, and negatively related to emotional stability. Conclusions: Interpersonal Sensitivity measure can be used in psychological studies to assess personal factors of distress.
Inclusive Environment for Working with Children with ASD Organisation Problems in Different Types of Museums
Authors: Davydova E.Y. , Khilkevich E.V. , Khaustov A.V. , Davydov D.V. , Sorokin A.B.
Published: January 2022

Museums today play a pivotal role in creating an environment that follows principles of social inclusion and is accessible for individuals with disabilities including museum visitors with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Extracurricular activities are an integral part of comprehensive support for children with ASD that require coordinated efforts of museum professionals, psychologists, and educators. However, museum professionals may lack information about autism and appropriate approaches. The Federal Resource Center for Organization of Comprehensive Support to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at MSUPE studied this process by conducting a survey about the availability of resources for accommodating individuals with ASD as independent visitors as well as participants in museum programs. The results of the survey attest to a high level of engagement of museum community in creating provisions for visitors with ASD in addition to the demand for consulting centers that would facilitate development of appropriate tools. We present a project that has introduced “social narratives” as an instrument for ASD in a setting that can serve as a model for such a center.
Between Grief and Pride: Visual Methods for the Study of Intergenerational Features of Emotional Experiences and Collective Memory of the War
Authors: Rikel A.M. , Fedorova N.V. , Bovina I.B.
Published: January 2022

The category of generation and emotional reactions within the framework of collective memory are considered as central categories within the framework of the research presented here. It is assumed that historical events are associated with certain emotional experiences, and the collective memory retains extremely positive or extremely negative ones. The study was conducted using visual methods, in which the subjects were asked to assess their feelings and emotions when looking at photographs of various wars of the XX century. Conclusions are drawn about the most pronounced feeling of fear among all generations of Russians when assessing various images of war; the absence of differences in the perception of the Second World War among four generations of Russians (N = 589 people) in all emotional reactions, except for the experience of pride in the results of the war. Separately, the so-called “Y” generation is described, experiencing the least vivid emotional reaction, including in terms of feelings of empathy.
Similarities and Differences of Approaches to the Legal Regulation of Subsidiary Liability of Persons Controlling the Debtor in Russian and Foreign Law
Authors: Parkhomenko A. D.
Published: January 2022

The paper constitutes a comparative legal study of some aspects of subsidiary liability of persons controlling the debtor and its foreign counterparts. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries in the regulation of these relations, the author draws parallels between different approaches to this legal phenomenon using foreign literature and judicial practice. The key aspect of the problem of liability of persons controlling the debtor is the existence of two opposite legal principles: organizational and property isolation of a legal entity and inadmissibility of abuse of the right. Bringing the persons controlling the debtor to subsidiary liability makes it possible to erase the boundaries of isolation of a legal entity and to identify its property with the property of its controlling persons for the purpose of satisfying the creditors’ claims. Thus, creditors of a legal entity have the opportunity to restore the violated right at the expense of the property of a de facto third party that is not a party to the original obligations. In foreign legal orders, the study of this ratio takes place over a long period. During this time, a certain theoretical understanding was formed, as well as law enforcement practice in this area.
Air ozonization for prevention of bacterial and viral infections
Authors: Prylutskyi Aleksandr S. , Kapranov Sergey V. , Tkachenko Kseniia E. , Yalovega Lubov I.
Published: January 2022

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the low-dose air ozonation for disinfection of the air in the working room.

Materials and methods. We investigated 90 air samples (3 samples were taken weekly before and after the production meeting using the automatic sampling device of biological aerosols of air PU-1B). The total bacterial contamination, the content of staphylococci and mold spores were determined. Ozonation of the room (83.3 m3) was carried out for 20 minutes by means of domestic ozonator. The accumulated dose of ozone was 133.3 mg (1.6 mg/m3). Statistical data processing was carried out using the MedStat licensed program. The median, median error (Me me), left and right 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated. Paired comparisons were made using Wilcoxon's T-test.

Results. After the meeting, the total bacterial contamination of the air was 56.0 9.3 (47.078.0) CFU. The content of staphylococci and mold spores in the air was 85.5 12.5 (76.0100.0) and 44.5 6.5 (32.054.0) CFU, respectively. After ozonation, the total bacterial contamination of the air was 14.5 3.6 (10.021.0) CFU. The content of staphylococci and mold spores in the air after ozonation was 35.5 6.7 (25.052.0) and 26.0 5.0 (18.032.0) CFU, respectively. Ozonation of the room provided a significant decrease (p 0.001) in all three of the above indicators. The room ozonation carried out promoted a reliable decrease (p 0.001) in all the above mentioned parameters.

Conclusions. The above data and analysis of the literature show the possibility of using low doses of ozone for the prevention of bacterial, fungal and viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. Further study and development of reasonable modes of ozone disinfection, including low doses of ozone, is needed, as well as determination of the efficiency degree of air disinfection with non-toxic gas concentrations.