bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of ecotourism on plant biodiversity in Chelmir zone of Tandoureh National Park, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran
Authors: ZARGHI AMIRHOSSEIN , HOSSEINI SEYED MOHSEN
Published: September 2014

Zarghi A, Hosseini SM. 2014. Effect of ecotourism on plant biodiversity in Chelmir zone of Tandoureh National Park, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Biodiversitas 15: 224-228. Tourism in protected areas is generally viewed as a primary source of promoting economicand social growth to local communities and commonly perceived to safeguard biodiversity. However, in the last few decades anincreasing number of visitors along with more diverse activities are having greater impacts on nature. Hence due to importance ofecotourism in Iran, the effect of ecotourism on plant biodiversity in Chelmir zone was investigated. To acquire the aim of the article, thesampling area was selected under the condition that the ecotourism is solely the variable factor and the slope, direction and height areconsidered constant factor after evaluation of the ecological land unit drawings. Two zones of high pressured and low pressuredecotourism were considered after evaluation of related drawings. Samples were taken in spring 2010. For evaluation of the plantbiodiversity 60 samples of 1m2 (30 samples in each zone) were taken randomly and then the list of flora and the cover percentage ofvegetation were recorded and then the percentage of vegetation data were analyzed in Biopast software and the biodiversity (Shanon,Simpson) richness (Menhinick, Margalef) evenness (Dominance, Berger-Parker) and dominance (Evenness, Equitability) indices werecalculated. The mentioned indices were inserted in SPSS II software and the data normality was tested through Kolomogrov-Smirnovtest. Due to data normality, non-paired T test was used in order to compare diversity analysis. The results indicate that the diversity,richness, dominance and evenness indices show significant effects of ecotourism on biodiversity indices.
Plant diversity in the homegardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India
Authors: BHAT1 SHIVANAND , BHANDARY M. JAYAKARA , RAJANNA L.
Published: September 2014

Bhat S, Bhandary MJ, Rajanna L. 2014. Plant diversity in the homegardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India. Biodiversitas 15: 229-235. A study was conducted in 50 selected home gardens of Karwar, Karnataka, India to document their floristic diversity and composition withregard to life forms and uses. As many as 210 species of flowering plants belonging to 69 families were recorded. Euphorbiaceae(13species), Apocynaceae (11spp.), Cucurbitaceae (10 spp.) and Fabaceae (10 spp.) are the predominant families. Shrubs are thedominant life forms (73 spp.) followed by trees (61 spp.), herbs (42 spp.) and climbers (24 spp.). Areca palm (Areca catechu), coconutpalm (Cocos nucifera), mango tree (Mangifera indica), banana (Musa paradisiaca), shoe flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) and holy basil(Ocimum tenuiflorum) are the most common plants occurring in all of the 50 studied gardens. 38% of the plant species are grown mainlyfor ornamental and aesthetic purposes while 33% of the species are used for obtaining food products like fruits and vegetables and 22%of the plants are mainly used for medicinal purposes. The predominance of ornamental species makes the home gardens of Karwardifferent from those occurring in other regions in which mostly food plants form the major component.
Short Communication: Rediscovery of a remnant habitat of the critically endangered species, Hopea sangal, in Pasuruan District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SOEJONO SOEJONO
Published: September 2014

Soejono. 2014. Rediscovery of a remnant habitat of the critically endangered species, Hopea sangal, in Pasuruan District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 15: 236-239. During recent exploration for surviving indigenous flora carried out in Pasuruan District, EastJava, the endangered tree species, Hopea sangal Korth., has been rediscovered in a previously unknown location in East Java. TheIUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2012, stated that H. sangal is critically endangered, A1cd, B1+2c, C1, D ver 2.3. This discoveryof H. sangal, and other supporting species that may still survive, can support the program of recovery of threatened plant species. At least for Pasuruan region, the remaining habitat, can be used as the core for H. sangal protection, thus H. sangal can breed naturally and sustainably. This information also can be used as one of the references or consideration tools for stakeholders to determine the priority of restoration policy.
Methods to Integrate Market Orientation in Technological Development: The Case of New Technologies to Produce Bioactive Substances from Wood
Authors: Stern Tobias , Ledl Caroline , Haydn Annemarie , Koch Sebastian , Hakala Juha , Hytönen Eemeli , Schwarzbauer Peter
Published: September 2014

Technical research projects often target innovative high-value products. These products may serve dynamic and fast-growing markets. However, while the general demand for such products may be very high and a lot of technical research is carried out in developing the respective processes, only very few new technologies and products are commercially realized and placed on the market. In order to widen the market focus toward a more comprehensive understanding of technical development, this study presents a mix of methods, including production cost analysis, business-to-business survey, and market impact assessment. When it comes to exploring a new technology that produces bioactive substances from wood, this article shows how the previously mentioned methods can be adapted, applied, and integrated for its successful commercialization.
Pengambilan Kebijakan Berbasis Education Management Information System(EMIS)
Authors: Aziz Fuadi
Published: September 2014

Education Management Information System (EMIS) is intended to provide real data to support the decision maker. The study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of EMIS in making decision in ‘Mapenda’ of the Ministry of Religious of ‘Gunungkidul’district. The results showed that EMIS that is as the basis of educational data base for making policy has not been able to use it well. Data of EMIS is only used as an initial data and it is done to cross-check through direct meetings or through telephone communication that requires a lot of time.The obstruction is the process of EMIS data collection that is done only at a certain time, so the data is not updated, the issues of EMIS application, the ability to manage EMIS, and the participation of headmaster with the data collection. Education Management Information System (EMIS) dimaksudkan untuk memberikan data yang riil sebagai pendukung pengambil kebijakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis implementasi EMIS dalam pengambilan kebijakan di lingkungan Mapenda Kementerian Agama kabupaten Gunungkidul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EMIS sebagai basis pangkalan data pendidikan untuk pengambilan kebijakan belum mampu digunakan secara maksimal. Data EMIS hanya digunakan sebatas sebagai data awal dan dilakukan kroscek melalui pertemuan langsung maupun melalui komunikasi telepon sehinggamemerlukan banyak waktu. Hambatan tersebut adalah proses pendataan EMISdilakukan hanya pada waktu tertentu sehingga data tidak update, permasalahan aplikasi EMIS, kemampuan pengelola EMIS, dan partisipasi kepala madrasah dalam pendataan.
The Policy of Moral Education on KH Imam Zarkasyi’s Thought at Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Karnaen Abdul
Published: September 2014

KH. Imam Zarkasyi is one of the founding fathers of Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School and also a famous national figure. The writer proposes to study moral education especially in the perspectives of KH. Imam Zarkasyi. The writer describes KH. Imam Zarkasyi’s definition of moral education, then the measurement of moral and method of teaching moral. The study is found that moral is action science, or knowledge about things that shows the good and bad elements in living in society, and moral education is action education or delivering the knowledge on the measurement of moral, that showsthe bad and good things in living in society, and the measurement is the absolute one.Moral education can be categorized into two; physical and spiritual moral education.Here, the writer concludes that in inculcating moral, there is no difference between physical and spiritual, but the integrated system as one education method.KH. Imam Zarkasyi adalah salah satu pendiri Pondok Pesantren Modern Gontordan sekaligus menjadi tokoh nasional. Penelitian mengkaji kebijakan pendidikanmoral khususnya dalam perspektif KH Imam Zarkasyi. Penulis mediskripsikandefinisi pendidikan moral dalam perspektif KH. Imam Zarkasyi, kemudian melakukan pengukuran mengenai metode pengajaran moral. Penelitian iniditemukan bahwa moral ilmu tindakan, atau pengetahuan tentang hal-hal yangmenunjukkan unsur-unsur yang baik dan buruk dalam kehidupan di masyarakat,dan pendidikan moral adalah pendidikan tindakan atau pemberian pengetahuantentang pengukuran moral, yang menunjukkan baik dan buruk dalam kehidupandi masyarakat, dan pengukuran adalah mutlak adanya. Pendidikan moral dapatdikategorikan menjadi dua; pendidikan moral jasmani dan rohani. Di sini, enulisbersimpulan bahwa dalam menanamkan moral, tidak ada perbedaan antara fisikdan spiritual, tetapi sistem yang terintegrasi sebagai suatu metode pendidikan.
Kebijakan Pesantren Mu’adalah dan Implementasi Kurikulum di Madrasah Aliyah Salafiyah Pondok Tremas Pacitan
Authors: Hidayat Ara , Wahib Eko
Published: September 2014

This study is abaut the Mu’adalah Boarding School Policy and the Implementation of curriculum at the Islamic Senior High School (Madrasah Aliyah) Salafi Tremas Pacitan.The educational institution of the Islamic boarding school is an inseparable part of the nationally educational system. This changes the minset and point of view of the previous Islamic boarding school that was considered as a non-formal institution that did-not get good appreciation of its graduates. The research findings show that the mua’adah Islamic boarding shcool has been established as an institution that is equivalent to other formaleducational institutions by the ministry of religious. The status of Salafiyah Islamicsenior high school is stronger. Furthemore, it must be improved directly its educationalquality, teacher competences, and the curriculum implementation of theIslamic SeniorHigh School of Salafiyah Tremas Pacitan.
Model Kebijakan Pendidikan Karakter di Madrasah
Authors: Supa’at Supa’at
Published: September 2014

The behavior deviationism in almost of our daily activities has caused realization that“character education” is very important, and the fact that our education system failed to achieve its goals. Therefore, it looks asif there were no solutions – multidemention crisis.Education must be a solution of a nation to gain the true development and prosperity.To know what realy happen ini our educational system and practice, it was done aresearch, in the 29 Islamic Senior High Schools (MA) in Kudus. This reseacrh findingsshow that, the concept of character education has substantively the same concept with the system of Islamic school education (madrasah), its difference is only in the referable value. The concept of philosophocal character education refers to antropocentic, and madrasah refers to theocentris (religion). The socio-historic system of madrasah is realythe model of character education or character based on character that is suitable with the condition in Indonesia.Penyimpangan perilaku di hampir semua sektor kehidupan telah menimbulkankesadaran bahwa “pendidikan karakter” sangatlah penting, dan bukti bahwasistem pendidikan kita telah gagal mencapai tujuannya. Bahkan, kegagalan iniseolah tidak ada jalan keluar – krisis multidimensi. Pendidikan seharusnya menjadi solusi bagi suatu bangsa untuk mengagapai kemajuan dan kemakmuran hakiki.Untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi dengan sistem dan praktik pendidikan,dilakukan penelitian pada 29 Madrasah Aliyah yang ada di Kudus.Hasil penelitaian menunjukkan bahwa konsep pendidikan karakter sesungguhnya memiliki kesamaan substantive dengan system pendidikan madrasah, perbedaanya terletak pada nilai yang dapat dijadikan petunjuk. Konsep pendidikan karakter secara filosofis mengacu pada kebenaran antroposentris, dan madrasah merujuk pada teosentris (agama). Secara sosio-historis system pendidikan madrasah adalah model pendidikan karakter atau pendidikan berbasis karakter yang cocok untuk kondisi di Indonesia.
Kebijakan Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Terhadap Ordonansi Guru
Authors: Setiawan Farid
Published: September 2014

Muhammadiyah always asserts itself as a social-religious organization to keep it from the (practical) political world. Here, the political potency does not mean that it is in the form of institutional involvement, but it is rather on the policy and the efforts of Muhammadiyah in changing or influencing any policy. The critical attitude of Muhammadiyah organization in moral movement is visible in giving response to policy that is in colonial literature is called the Godsdiensonderwijs. Muhammadiyah attitude toward the teacher ordinance policy is not carried out radically and confrontationally. Muhammadiyah political attitude looks elegant, flexible, and accommodating with a scheme of high politics and allocative politics.Muhammadiyah senantiasa menegaskan dirinya sebagai organisasi sosial-keagamaan yang menjaga jarak dengan dunia politik (praktis). Potensi politik yang dimaksud di sini bukan dalam bentuk keterlibatan kelembagaan, tetapi lebih pada kebijakan dan upaya Muhammadiyah dalam merubah atau mempengaruhi setiap polese. Sikap kritis Organisasi Muhammadiyah dalam gerakan moral tampak dalam merespons kebijakan yang dalam literatur kolonial disebut Godsdiensonderwijs.Sikap Muhammadiyah terhadap kebijakan ordonansi guru tidak dilakukan dengan cara radikal dan konfrontatif. Sikap politik Muhammadiyah justru tampak elegan, lentur, dan akomodatif dengan skema politik tinggi dan alokatif.
Managerial Empathy Facilitates Egocentric Predictions of Consumer Preferences
Authors: Hattula Johannes D. , Herzog Walter , Dahl Darren W. , Reinecke Sven
Published: September 2014

Common wisdom suggests that managerial empathy (i.e., the mental process of taking a consumer perspective) helps executives separate their personal consumption preferences from those of consumers, thereby preventing egocentric preference predictions. The results of the present investigation, however, show exactly the opposite. First, the authors find that managerial empathy ironically accelerates self-reference in predictions of consumer preferences. Second, managers’ self-referential tendencies increase with empathy because taking a consumer perspective activates managers’ private consumer identity and, thus, their personal consumption preferences. Third, empathic managers’ self-referential preference predictions make them less likely to use market research results. Fourth, the findings imply that when explicitly instructed to do so, managers are capable of suppressing their private consumer identity in the process of perspective taking, which helps them reduce self-referential preference predictions. To support their conclusions, the authors present four empirical studies with 480 experienced marketing managers and show that incautiously taking the perspective of consumers causes self-referential decisions in four contexts: product development, communication management, pricing, and celebrity endorsement.
MR-visualization of surgical textile implants
Authors: Otto Jens , Kuehnert Nicolas , Busch Daniel , Lambertz Andreas , Klink Christian , Hansen Nienke L. , Ciritsis Alexander , Kuhl Christiane , Klinge Uwe , Neumann Ulf Peter , Conze Joachim , Kraemer Nils A.
Published: September 2014

The use of surgical textile implants (so-called “mesh”) for hernia repair is an accepted standard. They may cause mesh-related problems such as chronic pain, migration or fistula formation. Nevertheless, these polymer-based textile meshes are often invisible by conventional imaging methods like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study we outlined the major steps in the development of a MR-visible textile implant, which can be used in patients. To achieve MR-visability, ferrooxide particles were incorporated into the base material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), during the spinning process. We could proof the MR-visibility of this new textile implant in different phantoms. After clinical approval of these implants in vivo in different animal studies, we pursued to evaluate the MR-conspicuity of such ferrooxide-loaded mesh implants in patients treated for inguinal hernias and explored the postsurgical mesh configuration by MRI. In this study we described the development and first results of a ferrooxide-loaded MR-visible mesh. In animal model and in clinical use such implants turned out to be a valuable tool for diagnostic and development.
The relevance of English language instruction in a changing linguistic environment in Iceland: The L2 self of young Icelanders
Authors: Jeeves Anna
Published: September 2014

In this study perceptions of post-compulsory school studies in Iceland were investigated through semi-structured interviews. While colloquial English suffices for entertainment, hobbies and Internet use in Iceland, a high level of proficiency is required for employment and tertiary study. School learners and young people in tertiary study and employment comment on their perceived proficiency in English and their present and anticipated future uses of the language. Implications for English instruction in Iceland are put forward and it is suggested that Iceland stands outside recognised frameworks of motivation because of its context of high exposure to English.
Questioning English standards: Learner attitudes and L2 choices in Norway
Authors: Rindal Ulrikke
Published: September 2014

This study investigates attitudes towards varieties of English among Norwegian adolescent learners and assesses the role of social evaluation for second language (L2) pronunciation choices by combining a verbal guise test with speaker commentary and reports of language choices. The results suggest that while American English is the most accessible English accent and the preferred L2 choice, Standard Southern British English remains the most prestigious English accent and retains its position as a formal English language teaching standard. However, not all learners want to convey the social meanings attributed to these widely identified English varieties, and therefore aim towards a “neutral” variety of English not associated with any native-English-speaking people or culture. The avoidance of standard varieties as L2 targets suggests that the tradition of questioning standard language norms in Norway is mirrored in L2 practices. The investigations into social motivations for L2 behaviour contribute to the ongoing discourse on the global spread and local appropriation of English. The results have implications for English language educators, who must meet the needs of proficient learners in an environment with increased intra-national use of English and no explicit model of pronunciation.
English language use at the internationalised universities of Northern Europe: Is there a correlation between Englishisation and world rank?
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina
Published: September 2014

European universities have, since the late 1990s, undergone dramatic changes centred on internationalisation, harmonisation and competition. This paper is concerned with two specific consequences of these changes and their interrelationship: rankings and Englishisation, the latter defined as an increase in the use of English at universities of nation states where English is not the official language. Despite a recent surge in research into Englishisation, it is not yet clear to what extent current organisational changes inevitably entail an orientation towards
Synthesis and properties of novel high thermally stable polyimide-chrysotile composites as fire retardant materials
Authors: Seckin Turgay , Yildirim Ayber , Koytepe Suleyman
Published: September 2014

Novel high thermally stable polyimide-chrysotile (PI-Chr) composites were synthesized. Firstly, Chrysotile (Chr) was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS). Poly(amic acid) solution was synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether. Then, PI-Chr composites were prepared from poly(amic acid) solution and different ratios of modified Chr. Prepared PI-Chr composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and thermal analysis techniques. Thermal analysis results showed that the PI-Chr composites have higher decomposition temperatures in comparison with the pure PIs. A 10% weight loss belonging to PI-Chr composites was observed between 489°C and 536°C in air atmosphere, but this value was 468°C in air for pure PIs. The glass transition temperatures (Tg s) of the PI-Chr composites were 373°C–384°C, depending upon the amount of the Chr. PI-Chr composites exhibited improved thermal stability. The activation energies (E

a
s) of the thermal degradation reaction were calculated using the Kissinger method for pure PI and composites. The E

a
s of the PI-Chr composites were found to be 77 and ∼117 kJ/mol. The fire retardant properties of Chr in the PI matrix were also tested by the total heat release test. The introduction of Chr in the composites leads to a slight increase in fire retardant properties thermal stability.
Harnack’s Image of 1 Clement and Contemporary Research
Authors: Markschies Christoph
Published: September 2014

This paper wants to outline Berlin church historian Adolf von Harnack’s view and opinion on the First Letter of Clement by taking a closer look at his works on the epistle. Furthermore, it will give an answer to the question what is to be gained from Harnack’s studies for contemporary research on 1 Clement. In 1929, Harnack published a small volume with the title An Introduction to Early Christianity. In his introduction to this booklet about the First Letter of Clement, Harnack explains why he considers the epistle to be “the most important document we have received from Earliest Christianity.” However, Harnack’s scientific work on the First Letter of Clement already began to bear fruit much earlier, starting with the intense years in Leipzig at the beginning of his academic career before he obtained his state doctorate in 1875. During his lifelong research on 1 Clement, Harnack obviously saw in the basal theology of the First Letter of Clement a not yet particularly Hellenized, simple message-interpreting the Letter as a “Clementine- Roman Christianity” that is far away from Pauline Christianity and draws lines right up to the newly strengthened Italian Catholicism after the Lateran Accords from 1929. Harnack’s works dealing with the First Letter of Clement are, with the exception of the editions, evidence of a view of Early Christianity that, while it is impressive in its coherence, is nevertheless excessively one-sided.
The DExH Box Helicase Domain of Spindle-E Is Necessary for Retrotransposon Silencing and Axial Patterning DuringDrosophilaOogenesis
Authors: Ott Kristen M , Nguyen Tram , Navarro Caryn
Published: September 2014

Transposable selfish genetic elements have the potential to cause debilitating mutations as they replicate and reinsert within the genome. Therefore, it is critical to keep the cellular levels of these elements low. This is especially true in the germline where these mutations could affect the viability of the next generation. A class of small noncoding RNAs, the Piwi-associated RNAs, is responsible for silencing transposable elements in the germline of most organisms. Several proteins have been identified as playing essential roles in piRNA generation and transposon silencing. However, for the most part their function in piRNA generation is currently unknown. One of these proteins is the Drosophila melanogaster DExH box/Tudor domain protein Spindle-E, whose activity is necessary for the generation of most germline piRNAs. In this study we molecularly and phenotypically characterized 14 previously identified spindle-E alleles. Of the alleles that express detectable Spindle-E protein, we found that five had mutations in the DExH box domain. Additionally, we found that processes that depend on piRNA function, including Aubergine localization, Dynein motor movement, and retrotransposon silencing, were severely disrupted in alleles with DExH box domain mutations. The phenotype of many of these alleles is as severe as the strongest spindle-E phenotype, whereas alleles with mutations in other regions of Spindle-E did not affect these processes as much. From these data we conclude that the DExH box domain of Spindle-E is necessary for its function in the piRNA pathway and retrotransposon silencing.
Kommission vs. nationale Gerichte im europäischen Beihilfenrecht – Private Rechtsdurchsetzung während des förmlichen Prüfverfahrens
Authors: Kamann Hans-Georg
Published: September 2014

In seinem jüngsten Urteil Lufthansa/Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn hat der Europäische Gerichtshof entschieden, dass ein Beschluss der Kommission zur Einleitung eines förmlichen Prüfverfahrens gem. Art. 108 Abs. 2 und 3 AEUV über eine nicht angemeldete, jedoch möglicherweise als Beihilfe gem. Art. 107 Abs. 1 AEUV zu qualifizierende staatliche Maßnahme weitgehende Rechtswirkungen erzeugt und ein nationales Gericht in seiner Folge verpflichtet ist, alle erforderlichen Konsequenzen aus einem möglichen Verstoß gegen das Durchführungsverbot gem. Art. 108 Abs. 3 Satz 3 AEUV zu ziehen. Zwar hat der Gerichtshof mit diesem Urteil im Ergebnis seine Rechtsprechung zu den Rechtswirkungen eines Eröffnungsbeschlusses und zur Durchsetzung des Durchführungsverbots weiter fortgeführt. Dennoch lässt es verschiedene dogmatische und praktische Fragen im Verhältnis zwischen Kommission und nationalen Gerichten offen. Dies gibt Anlass, den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion zur privaten Rechtsdurchsetzung des Beihilfenrechts während des förmlichen Prüfverfahrens im Lichte dieses Urteils kritisch zu beleuchten und Vorschläge für eine pragmatische und interessengerechte Auflösung möglicher Rechtsanwendungskonflikte zwischen Kommission und nationalen Gerichten zu machen.
Wiederherstellung des Wettbewerbs als Ordnungsprinzip auf den Finanzmärkten: Ist die „Bankenunion“ ein taugliches Mittel hierzu?
Authors: Zimmer Daniel , Weck Thomas , Schepp Nils-Peter
Published: September 2014

Die Bankenrettungen während der Finanzkrise und die Regulierung im Anschluss an die Krise hatten bzw. haben umfangreiche Auswirkungen auf den Wettbewerb. Ein zentrales Problem auf den Finanzmärkten stellen Wettbewerbsverzerrungen aufgrund des Umstands dar, dass Banken bislang nicht wie andere Unternehmen aus dem Markt ausscheiden. Dieses Problem liegt an der Schnittstelle zwischen Aufsichts- und Wettbewerbsrecht. Es ist zu fragen, welche Rolle der Wettbewerb künftig in der Bankenunion spielen wird.
Double-Opposing Z-Palatoplasty for Secondary Surgical Management of Velopharyngeal Incompetence in the Absence of a Primary Furlow Palatoplasty
Authors: Chim Harvey , Eshraghi Yashar , Iamphongsai Seree , Gosain Arun K.
Published: September 2014

Objective

The present study was performed to identify factors that lead to a favorable outcome of postpalatoplasty velopharyngeal incompetence using the double-opposing Z-palatoplasty.

Design

A retrospective analysis was performed on 23 consecutive nonsyndromic patients who underwent secondary surgical management of velopharyngeal incompetence using a double-opposing Z-palatoplasty technique following primary, non-Furlow palatoplasty for overt cleft palate.

Main Outcome Measures

All subjects were evaluated preoperatively using a perceptual speech assessment scale, nasendoscopy, and videofluoroscopy. Inclusion criteria consisted of a velopharyngeal gap of 9 mm or less on phonation. Patients were followed with perceptual speech assessment for at least 1 year following secondary surgery.

Results

The perceptual speech assessment score for all patients decreased from 6.48 ± 2.26 (mean ± standard deviation; range, 3 to 11) to 1.90 ± 1.51 (range, 0 to 6) at 6 months or more postoperatively ( P < .0001). Of the 21 patients with follow-up data 1 year or more post–op, 16 (76%) achieved velopharyngeal competence and five (24%) had borderline competence. Preoperative assessment factors associated with compromised outcome included a large velopharyngeal gap of 7 to 9 mm, poor lateral wall motion of 40% or less, and an elevated perceptual speech assessment score.

Conclusion

Double-opposing Z-palatoplasty is a surgical technique that can be used successfully to correct velopharyngeal incompetence in selected secondary palatoplasty patients. This technique permits correction of velopharyngeal incompetence and restoration of the velopharyngeal mechanism irrespective of prior intravelar veloplasty and without accompanying loss in the nasal airway. Preoperative assessment can better identify those patients who are less likely to achieve velopharyngeal competence following double-opposing Z-palatoplasty alone.
International Confederation for Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies Task Force Report: Speech Assessment
Authors: Fitzsimons David A. ,   For The Speech Assessment Task Force
Published: September 2014

This paper describes the outcome of the “Speech Assessment” Task Force of the 12th International Congress of the Confederation for Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies, held in 2013. This task force attempted to identify a draft set of professional competencies required by speech professionals for the perceptual evaluation of cleft palate speech. The task force also generated a series of general and competency-specific questions that could be useful in subsequent evaluation and study of these competencies, particularly in regards to the application of these competencies to cross linguistic speech assessment. Further review and revision of these competencies is recommended.
Halosulfuron Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Production and Viability
Authors: Webster Theodore M. , Grey Timothy L.
Published: September 2014

Weeds persist and cause economic losses in agricultural systems because they exploit underused portions of that system. Reducing the effect of weeds on agroecosystems begins with minimizing the number of propagules (e.g., seeds and tubers) that are produced and returned to the soil. Purple nutsedge is a problematic weed around the globe, persisting between growing seasons as tubers in the soil. Halosulfuron is an effective herbicide for controlling purple nutsedge foliage and is used in corn and several vegetable crops. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various rates of halosulfuron on purple nutsedge tuber production. Single, presprouted purple nutsedge tubers were transplanted into outdoor microplots and treated after 6 wk of growth with six rates of halosulfuron (7 to 208 g ai ha−1) POST with a nontreated control (NTC). All shoots that had emerged at the time of application were marked with plastic rings; this allowed for classification of tubers at exhumation of (1) tubers attached to shoots that had emerged by the time of application, (2) tubers attached to shoots that emerged after application, and (3) tubers without an aerial shoot during the study. Seven weeks after application, the tubers in the microplots were exhumed and tubers were classified, quantified, and their ability to sprout was evaluated. In the NTC, there were 530 total tubers, with a log-logistic regression model describing the tuber population with increasing halosulfuron rate. The rate of halosulfuron that reduced total tuber population 50% (I50) was 8 g ha−1. In the NTC, 200 tubers were attached to shoots that emerged following halosulfuron application, and this class of tubers had anI50of 19 g ha−1. Viability of tubers with shoots that emerged following halosulfuron application was 28% at the 52 g ha−1halosulfuron, suggesting the action of the herbicide may have rendered the tuber nonviable after new shoots were produced. The final classification of tubers was those that did not have an aerial shoot during the study. These were tubers in which apical dominance suppressed shoot development or were likely the most-recent tubers to develop. Of the three classes, the tubers without shoots were the most numerous in the NTC, with 294 tubers and anI50of 1 g ha−1. Halosulfuron is an effective herbicide that not only controls purple nutsedge foliage but also reduces the number of new tubers produced and overall tuber viability. This could be an important component to reduce the long-term population density of the weed.
Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicides of Wild Bushbean (Macroptilium lathyroides)
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S. , De Leon Ma Jenina
Published: September 2014

Experiments were conducted in laboratory and screenhouse to determine the effects of light, temperature, salt and water stress, seed burial depth, and amount of rice residue on seed germination and seedling emergence of wild bushbean and to evaluate the response of that weed to commonly available POST herbicides in the Philippines. Germination (81 to 85%) was not influenced by light; however, it was higher at 30/20 C (88%) than at 25/15 C (82%) and 35/25 C (80%) day/night temperatures. The sodium chloride and osmotic potential required for 50% inhibition of maximum germination were 149 mM and −0.28 MPa, respectively. Seedling emergence (81%) was similar for seeds placed on the soil surface and for seeds buried up to 4 cm deep. No seedlings emerged from a burial depth of 8 cm. Rice residue applied on the soil surface up to 8 t ha−1did not affect seedling emergence (72 to 80%) of wild bushbean. The herbicide bentazon provided 100% control of wild bushbean when applied at the three- to five-leaf stages. However, to achieve 100% control by 2,4-D and metsulfuron-methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl, herbicides had to be applied at the three-leaf stage. The information gained from this study can help in developing components of integrated weed management programs for wild bushbean. A deep-tillage operation to bury weed seeds below their maximum depth of emergence and early application of an effective POST herbicide can help in managing this weed in rice fields.
Challenges of Well Exploration Drilling Operation in Environmentally and Socially Sensitive Remote Area: Lesson Learn from Total E&P Indonesia West Papua
Authors: Affan Satrian , Hidayatullah Hidayatullah , Berli Mohammad , Disasmita Avep , Argubie Benyamin
Published: September 2014

Total E&P Indonesia West Papua (TEPI WP) has been awarded the Southwest Bird's Head block covering 7,176 km2 of area straddling the Salawati and Berau/Bintuni basins and situated both in swamp and offshore at water depth up to 30 m off the coast of West Papua, Indonesia. A well exploration drilling was performed in 2013. The preferred well coordinate located in swamp delta area of Tanjung Suaboor is categorized as remote area and regulated as protected forest by Indonesian Government, covered with naturally dense and diverse mangrove forest, it is ecologically ideal for nursery and spawning ground of fishes and shrimps. The surrounding communities consist of Papua tribes with their unique culture and local tradition which mostly differ from other ethnics in Indonesia. The land right determination by cultural ceremony of Gelar Tikar Adat among local tribes to identify land owner of well location and then continue by compensation to the "chosen- owner" with other cultural ceremony of Ketuk Pintu are some of Papua unique culture that shall be considered.

According to Indonesian Regulation, well exploration drilling activity shall have Environment Management and Monitoring Effort document in which environment and social baseline and impact assessment study are included. TEPI WP has performed the study since early 2012 in cooperation with Environment Research Center from Papua State University, involving intensive coordination with local authorities and socialization to communities to obtain legal and public approval, acceptance, and support for the operations. The document has been approved by Local Environment Authority and got Environment Permit from Head of Regency as a guarantee for drilling operation to be performed on schedule.

This paper highlights the main lessons-learned from the experience completing Environment and Social Baseline and Impact Assessment study of TEPI WP for well exploration drilling in environmentally and socially sensitive remote area.
Advances in Wearable Sensor Technology and its Applications in Mobile Workforces Health Monitoring and Safety Management
Authors: Alam Muhammad Mahtab , Hamida Elyes Ben
Published: September 2014

With the advances in electronics and the development of short range and ultra-low power radio transceivers, Wearable Wireless Sensor Networks (W-WSNs) have recently emerged as a key enabling technology for the health monitoring and safety management in critical applications. Wearable WSNs consist of devices attached, or implanted, into human bodies to monitor and collect information related to their physiological parameters, movements as well as the surrounding environment. The collected data are then transmitted in real-time to remote command centers for timely decision making. In this context, Wearable Sensor Technology will enable the remote and preemptive monitoring of mobile workforce and critical assets in industrial environments, such as oil and gas fields. In this paper we present a survey on recent advances in wearable sensing and communication technologies and its applications in the context of workforce and critical assets safety and management. First, we explain the specific applications scenarions and their detailed requirements. Second, existing standards, projects, products and solutions for health monitoring and safety management of mobile workers and their limitations are explored. Finally future trends and open research challenges are discussed as an inspiration for the future development in new wearable sensor technology-based applications.
Case Study of Heavy-Oil Fluid Characterization for Gas EOR Experiments: Main Challenges
Authors: Bhoendie K. S. , Moe Soe Let K. P. , Zitha P. L. , Pirlea L.. , Hebing A..
Published: September 2014

Staatsolie conducted several screening studies in the past decade to explore the potential of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for its heavy oil (16-17° API) fields in Suriname. The latest study that was performed in 2011, indicated that water and carbon dioxide (CO2) or water and nitrogen (N2) injection could be a highly efficient method to extend the life of the fields beyond primary recovery. To validate this conclusion an area of the Tambaredjo heavy oil field was selected for a feasibility study comprising laboratory tests, reservoir simulation studies and ultimately a field pilot trial. This paper presents the results of the laboratory study of the fluid properties of the selected study area. Several oil and gas samples of two wells situated in the study area were collected at the wellhead and at the Multi Phase Flow Meter (MPFM). After quality control, the composition and the physical properties of the samples were determined. Various pairs of oil and gas samples were then recombined based either on assumed bubble point pressure or gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) in an attempt to produce mixtures representing the reservoir fluids. Two recombined samples were subsequently selected based on a comparison with historical data for PVT analysis and swelling study with carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The PVT behavior was found to be qualitatively similar to that of the samples examined in the past except for the viscosity which seems to have increased over a period of ten years of depletion of the reservoir in this part of the field. Most likely this can be attributed to vaporization of the lighter components of the crude oil. CO2 readily dissolved in the heavy crude oil which led to substantial reductions of oil viscosity while N2 could hardly be dissolved in the oil. The challenges met during sampling, recombination of the samples and the PVT analyses will be discussed.
Passive Inflow Control Device (ICDs) Aplication in Horizontal Wells Completions in Rubiales Area, Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Gualdrón M. Gómez , Anaya A. Florez , Araujo Y. E. , Parra W.. , Bolaños V.. , Landaeta L..
Published: September 2014

Rubiales and Quifa are the Colombia's major heavy oilfields (oil gravity ranges from 11.3 to 14.4° API) with a current oil production of more than 260 MSTB with an oil viscosity ranges from 370 to 730 centipoises. Horizontal well technology is used to drill through unconsolidated sandstones with an active and strong aquifer, under primary depletion. Since 2006, 604 horizontal producer wells have been drilled and completed using slotted liner in open hole.

The high water production rate from the beginning of the operation in the horizontal wells is the main problem to be controlled in the Rubiales and Quifa fields, due to the high cost of produced water treatment and other factors. Water production is inevitably associated with the oil production; however one of the biggest challenges is to delay the water production as much longer as possible.

Rubiales and Quifa actually have a large number of closed wells that have reached its economic limits, mainly by high water production. This production imbalance is being addressed in the new horizontal wells, using inflow control devices (ICDs). The ICDs is placed in each screen joint to balance the production influx profile across the entire lateral length and compensate the permeability variation and therefore the productivity of each zone.

In 2012, a pilot test has been designed and implemented in Rubiales field with three horizontal wells using passive ICDs completion. The performance of the ICD's is found to reach the highest cumulative oil production compared to neighboring wells. The main purpose of this paper is to detail the selection process design and results evaluation for the use of the passive ICDs in horizontal wells at Rubiales and Quifa Fields, heavy oil reservoirs.
Impact of Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Model on Upscaled Recovery Predictions: Medium and Heavy Oils
Authors: Kazempour Mahdi , Alvarado Vladimir , Manrique Eduardo J. , Izadi Mehdi
Published: September 2014

Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding is a commercially viable enhanced oil recovery method. The complexity of chemical interactions, multi-phase flow, emulsification, capillary number changes and upscaling issues, especially in highly heterogeneous reservoir, make field designs difficult to extrapolate from coreflood measurements. In this work, two representaions of low interfacial tension conditions in chemical flooding were evaluated to determine the impact of model formulation on scaling-up from lab data to field situations. The first one is a mechanistic model based on interpolation of relative permeability curves parametrized with respect to the local capillary number. The second model requires tracking a thermodynamically stable phase known to exist at water-oil ultralow interfacial tension, namely a microemulsion. To perform this analysis, two sets of chemical coreflooding results were history matched and then the tuned models were utilized for field-scale predictions. For ASP flooding, a sensitivity analysis was implemented to show the importance of microemulsion phase on ASP upscaled (field scale) forecast. In this study, coreflooding experiments were performed using three different crude oils, case I: heavy oil with high acid number, case II: medium oil with high acid number and finally, case III: light oil with very low acid number. Predictions between the two modeling approaches are shown to diverge from each other upon upscaling of core-scale history matched models. This discrepancy is mostly attributed to the need to track a microemulsion phase behavior as well as its properties. Effects are more pronounced for heavier oil with high acid number. The results of this analysis should be useful to constrain field projections of any field design of surfactant-assisted EOR projects. Additionally, this study provides guidelines to understand existing uncertainties in current chemical flooding simulation regarding our ability to accurately predict the results of such a chemical flood design.
Exploitation Strategies Evaluation for Lower U Reservoir in Culebra and Yulebra Fields Using an Advanced Simulation Tool for Oil Recovery Optimization
Authors: Villarroel Atahualpa Jose , Estrella Karina , Lopez Francisco , Gallegos Marco
Published: September 2014

The approach to the implementation of this model is supported by the integration of different disciplines as Geosciences (Geophysics, Geology, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Petrophysics and Geostatistics) and Reservoir Engineering; through the conformation of a multidisciplinary team with holistic vision and focusing on the Integrated Asset Management concepts in order to optimize the reservoir life cycle and its performance.

The objective of this study was to evaluate by numerical simulation different scenarios in the Lower U reservoir of the Napo formation in Culebra and Yulebra fields East Basin of Ecuador. With the purpose of increasing drainage and heavy oil reserves recovery; simulation runs include drilling of directional and horizontal wells.

As per heavy oil pressure maintenance and enhanced recovery; simulation includes water injection with different viscosity values (polymer simulation).

As a remarkable aspect of the dynamic model generation and its evaluation through the different sub - models as components; additionally the use of an advanced simulation tool that allowed scenarios optimization helping to achieve the higher oil recoveries values with the less number of wells to be drilled.

Results show the possibility of increasing the current oil recoverable reserves in 34 MMBLS by drilling 13 directional and 6 horizontal wells; besides with water injection (polymer solution) of 2 cps viscosity leads to increase the conventional scenario recovery over of 43 MM barrels of oil; it is due to the remarkable improvement in mobility ratio generating a greater sweep efficiency with an increase in oil production and a significant impact on the recovery factor (FR).

In fact the total implementation of the business plan result in this study increase more than 100%, 77 MM Oil Bls (140MM compare to the official reserves of 63 MM)

Also the methodology and techniques employed in this project can be used for any reservoir in the Ecuadorian basin even more too any heavy oil reservoir worldwide that have similar properties such us: thickness, depth and viscosity.