bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of ambiguity in intentional vagueness
Authors: Voghera Miriam
Published: September 2024

In order to study the relationship between ambiguity and
vagueness, it is necessary to distinguish Systemic Vagueness (SV),
which is a property of any linguistic codes, from Intentional
Vagueness (IntV), which emerges in messages produced by speakers in
response to specific communicative needs. In fact, while ambiguity is one of the possible
manifestations of SV, the expression of IntV tends to avoid
ambiguous elements. This is confirmed empirically by an analysis
carried out on Italian and German spoken corpora to investigate
whether and how many ambiguous elements were used in Vagueness
Expressions (VEs), which shows how the presence of ambiguous terms
in VEs is exiguous in both languages. The almost complete absence of
ambiguity and intentional vagueness co-occurring in this research
seems to confirm the different nature and function of the two
phenomena.
Underspecification and ambiguity of voice markers
Authors: Giomi Riccardo , Inglese Guglielmo
Published: September 2024

Voice markers have a notorious cross-linguistic tendency
towards multifunctionality, in that a given marker can encode more
than one voice operation at a time, such as reflexive and passive.
In addition, diachronic typological research has also shown that
patterns of multifunctionality of voice markers historically come
about following paths that are not necessarily unidirectional.
Taking stock of these premises, in this paper we propose a new
typology of voice markers grounded on the notion of
underspecification and ambiguity, and, by adopting the perspective
of Functional Discourse Grammar, we argue that the lack of
unidirectionality in the grammaticalization of voice markers follows
from their status as interface operators.
Place names in legal texts
Authors: D’Argenio Elisa , Ghezzi Chiara
Published: September 2024

This paper considers the role played by vagueness and
ambiguity when applied to geographic referents. Through a corpus of
Latin purchase and gift contracts, dating to the 8th-10th centuries
and written in the Bergamo and Salerno areas during the Lombard
kingdoms, the study focuses on the formula locus ubi
dicitur lit. ‘place where it is called’, particularly
productive and characteristic in the texts, with the aim of
confronting strategies employed by Northern and Southern notaries.
The analysis shows that notaries use the trigger phrase
locus ubi dicitur as a strategy to highlight a
difficulty in the attribution of a name to a place and, as such, can
be described as a case of intentional vagueness. Relevant in
the vague use of the phrase is the ambiguity of
locus itself which in the documents is highly
polysemous and whose meaning is characterised by an interpretative
indeterminacy which is context-dependent. The analysis shows
that vagueness, when applied to geographic referents, is semantic,
rather than ontic, as it lies in the representation system and, thus
in the representation process, not in its product.
Getting started with spacecraft instrument data: a walkthrough with Voyager 2 magnetometry
Authors: Neel Matthew S
Published: September 2024

With hundreds of data sets available for public consumption, and with missions ranging from the USSR’s Sputnik satellite in 1957 [1] to NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope launched in 2022 [2], it can be difficult and bewildering to know where to start when there is a need to analyze spacecraft instrument data. Many types and generations of technology have been employed in the scientific instruments carried into space since the world’s space agencies were established, and data produced by older instruments are generally less user-friendly in structure and format than data generated by more modern instruments. In this article, we present a general approach to acquiring, understanding, documenting and analyzing instrument data and apply it to a specific example. We chose to explore Voyager 2 data, and the Neptune fly-by in particular, since there is some interest of late in re-examining old data and questioning our assumptions about the ice giants [3, 4]. This walkthrough is intended to assist students and researchers in understanding issues unique to spacecraft data and to help facilitate student projects.
Formation of positionally ordered but orientationally disordered molecular organization on surface
Authors: Duan Jun-Jie , Wang Zi-Cong , Chen Ting , Wang Dong
Published: September 2024

Positionally ordered but orientationally disordered molecular structures are commonly found in materials like liquid crystals and molecular glasses. Understanding these structures and their phase transitions helps in designing materials with a wide range of applications. Herein, we report the formation of positionally ordered but orientationally disordered structures via adsorption and organization of 2,4,6-tri([1,1’-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TBTA) molecules on different coin metal surfaces. It is found that deposition of TBTA molecules on Au(111), Ag(111), and Cu(111) surfaces leads to similar hexagonal lattices, differing in molecular orientation. The molecules have two orientations on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces, giving birth to positionally ordered but orientationally disordered molecular structures. The regularity of the structures on Ag(111) is slightly better than that on Au(111). On Cu(111) surface, however, all molecules exhibit the same orientation, resulting in a long-range ordered hexagonal assembly. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the matching between the substrate lattice and the hexagonal lattice of molecular structure is responsible for the different molecular organizations.
Robust massless Dirac fermions in hydro-/halogenated trigonal borophene
Authors: Meng L-B , Liu D X , Ni S , Zhang Z M , Zhou W M
Published: September 2024

The striking electronic characteristics of graphene trigger immense interests and continual explora-tions for new two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials. By first-principles electronic structure calculations, we here identify a new set of 2D semimetals in hydro-/halogen embedding trigonal δ
6 borophene, namely δ
6-B3X (X = H, F, Cl), that possess the graphene-like massless Dirac fermions. Owing to the central hollow B atoms strongly hybridized to the hydro-/halogen adatoms, adequate charge transfer is induced from the hollow B to the basal honeycomb B sublattice, which electronically stabilizes the 2D sheet and decisively endows a robust (intrinsic and stable-against-strains) graphene-like Dirac cone state. The predicted high energetic, dynamic and thermal stabilities, combined with pretty geometrical match to the commonly utilized Ag/Au(111) substrates, support their experimental viabilities. Our prediction provides a new branch for exploring the intriguing 2D Dirac fermionic states in versatile boron element and its derivatives.
Bolt loosening status classification via wave energy dissipation measurements with temperature-compensated deep learning by piezoelectric active sensing
Authors: Lu Lingxiao , Ying Sancong , Xiao Qian , Hou Chaohuan
Published: September 2024

In industrial applications, bolts, serving as crucial components, endure substantial loads and are susceptible to loosening problems exacerbated by intricate external environmental factors. The active sensing method based on wave energy dissipation exhibits pronounced sensitivity to axial load fluctuations in bolts and demonstrates extensive applicability, with its measurement indicators directly applicable for discerning the bolt’s status. However, environmental factors, notably temperature, can significantly influence signal energy measurements, and the oversight of temperature impact may result in erroneous state discrimination. To tackle this challenge, this paper introduces a cascaded model comprising a temperature compensation subnetwork and a bolt state discrimination subnetwork. The temperature compensation subnetwork takes temperature and signal energy as inputs and outputs the temperature-compensated signal energy, and conveys the outcomes to the bolt state discrimination subnetwork for state classification. In model design, we quantitatively analyzed the number of convolutional blocks and training epochs for the temperature compensation subnetwork with the aim of enhancing the model’s generalization ability, ultimately determining the model architecture. By comparing the experimental results between a single-task model and a model incorporating the temperature compensation subnetwork, we verified the effectiveness of the temperature compensation subnetwork. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed cascaded model achieved a state classification accuracy of 98.6% on over 1300 temperature-generalized data points. To comprehensively assess our approach, we conducted detailed comparisons with other bolt loosening monitoring methods, elucidating the effectiveness based on data trends and model design. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed temperature compensation cascaded model accurately identifies bolt states amidst complex temperature variations.
A precise registration method for large-scale urban point clouds based on phased and spatial geometric features
Authors: Xu Mengbing , Han Youmei , Zhong Xueting , Sang Fengyun , Zhang Yuan
Published: September 2024

The dense high-rise buildings and multipath effects in urban areas significantly reduce the positioning signal accuracy of laser scanning systems, leading to layering and offset issues in the collected point cloud data on the same road. In order to acquire comprehensive and consistent three-dimensional information on the objects, thereby providing field inspection data for large-scale road traffic network scenarios, in this paper, an improved point cloud registration method is proposed to divide the registration process into two stages: elevation registration and plane registration. Elevation registration takes the ground point cloud as the registration primitive, reduces the number of point clouds through curvature down-sampling, and constrains the feature point sequence with a fixed range to provide a good initial pose for fine registration. The plane registration first inherits the elevation registration parameters, combining the dynamic distance parameters of spherical region step based on the median, using robust multi-scale loss functions to address residual points, effective adjacent point pairs are selected to obtain the spatial transformation matrix, and realizes accurate registration. Experimental results with multiple sets of urban point cloud data show that the root mean square error of point cloud registration can be controlled within 0.06 m, achieving a relatively superior registration accuracy, it can provide detailed prior data for measurement information analysis.
A category incremental continuous learning model for imbalance arrhythmia detection
Authors: Feng Jianchao , Si Yujuan , Sun Meiqi , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2024

The development of efficient arrhythmia detection systems is crucial for physiological measurements and computer-aided diagnosis. Existing systems rely mainly on offline learning methods and lack the ability to assimilate new data or recognize emerging categories. To address these challenges, this study introduces an arrhythmia detection model that is resistant to data imbalance and has continuous learning capabilities, specifically for incremental learning of new ECG data categories. The system incorporates constraints derived from the new class data and implements a dynamic mechanism for updating connection weights, facilitating the incremental continual learning of classes. Confronted with the problem of models forgetting the original data and overfitting with the added data in continuous learning, we introduce a data balancing method by regularization to balance the model’s memory and learning of the two types of data. Facing the data imbalance problem in continuous learning, we introduce a posteriori probability weighting strategy. This strategy assigns greater importance to high-value samples based on the model’s posterior residual kernel density estimates. Comprehensive testing of the model using various datasets from the MIT-BIH database indicates superior performance in incremental learning tasks. The results reveal that the model not only excels in class incremental learning but also ensures effective balancing across different data classes.
TEOS modification for improved performance in perovskite solar cells: addressing the interface defects and charge transfer issues of SnO2 ETL
Authors: Ebic Murat
Published: September 2024

The remarkable advancements in performance and rapid progress of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years have captured the interest of the photovoltaics (PVs) community. Nevertheless, defects occurring at the interface between the electron transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite, along with issues related to charge transfer, significantly impede the PV efficiency of these cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) on charge transfer and defect states at the interface by incorporating varying concentrations of TEOS into the SnO2 ETL and modifying the interface between the ETL and perovskite. This process can passivate the defects at the ETL/perovskite (Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3) interface and significantly extend the carrier lifetime. Moreover, TEOS modification plays a promising role in the growth kinetics of the perovskite films. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% was achieved with admissible phase stability in the presence of TEOS as dopant in SnO2 ETL, while only 17.64% PCE was obtained for TEOS-free control structure. A promising PCE of 19.93% was achieved for ETL/TEOS/perovskite interface modification. This study presents a promising solution to address interface defects and charge transfer issues, which represent significant obstacles to the commercial scalability of PSCs.
Analysis of leakage artifacts and their impact on convergence of algebraic reconstruction in multi-contrast magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Nawwas Lina , Möddel Martin , Knopp Tobias
Published: September 2024

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a tracer-based medical imaging modality with great potential due to its high sensitivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, and ability to quantify the tracer concentration. Image reconstruction in MPI is an ill-posed problem, which the use of regularization methods can address. Multi-contrast MPI reconstructs the signal from different tracer materials or environments separately, resulting in multi-channel images that enable quantification of, for example, temperature or viscosity. Single- and multi-contrast MPI reconstructions produce different kinds of artifacts. The objective of this work is threefold: first, to present the concept of multi-contrast specific MPI channel leakage artifacts; second, to ascertain the source of these leakage artifacts; and third, to introduce a method for their reduction. Approach. A definition for leakage artifacts is established, and a quantification method is proposed. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to establish a connection between the properties of the multi-contrast MPI system matrix and the leakage artifacts. Moreover, a two-step measurement and reconstruction method is introduced to reduce channel leakage artifacts between multi-contrast MPI channels. Main results. The severity of these artifacts correlates with the system matrix shape and condition number and depends on the similarity of the corresponding frequency components. Using the proposed two-step method on both semi-simulated and measured data a significant leakage reduction and speed up the convergence of the multi-contrast MPI reconstruction was observed. Significance. The multi-contrast system matrix analysis we conducted is essential for understanding the source of the channel leakage artifacts and finding methods to reduce them. Our proposed two-step method is expected to improve the potential for real-time multi-contrast MPI applications.
Hybrid finite element and laplace transform method for efficient numerical solutions of fractional PDEs on graphics processing units
Authors: Vivas-Cruz Luis X , González-Calderón Alfredo , Taneco-Hernández M A , Gómez-Aguilar J F
Published: September 2024

Fractional Partial Differential equations (FPDEs) are essential for modeling complex systems across various scientific and engineering areas. However, efficiently solving FPDEs presents significant computational challenges due to their inherent memory effects, often leading to increased execution times for numerical solutions. This study proposes a highly parallelizable hybrid computational approach that combines the Finite Element Method (FEM) for spatial discretization with Numerical Inversion of the Laplace Transform (NILT) for time-domain solutions, optimized for execution on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The NILT method’s high parallelizability, stemming from the independence of its series terms, combined with the robust spatial discretization provided by FEM, enables the efficient and accurate solution of FPDEs on GPUs, demonstrating substantial performance improvements over traditional CPU-based implementations. We observe a generalized pattern in execution time behavior that accounts for both the number of nodes and the number of NILT terms. Specifically, execution time scales quadratically with the number of nodes, while showing only a logarithmic marginal increase with the number of NILT terms These behaviors not only enables consistent performance assessment but also highlights potential areas for algorithm optimization. Validation against exact solutions of fractional diffusion and wave equations, employing Caputo, modified Caputo-Fabrizio, and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivatives, demonstrates the accuracy and convergence of the hybrid FEM-NILT method. Notably, the exact solutions of wave equation are novel in literature. The results highlight the method’s potential for enabling high-precision, large-scale simulations in fractional calculus applications, thereby advancing computational capabilities and efficiency in the field.
Integrability and inverse scattering transform of the modified Benjamin-Ono equation
Authors: Guo Ning
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a Bäcklund transformation, the Lax representation, and conserved quantities for the modified Benjamin-Ono equation. The initial problem of the modified Benjamin–Ono equation on the line was studied by the inverse scattering transform method, presenting a nonlocal Riemann–Hilbert problem to reconstruct the explicit potential function. Furthermore, the exact N-soliton solutions and long–time asymptotic behavior are provided. We also graphically show that the propagation of soliton solutions is consistent with the result of large-time asymptotic forms It is shown that the mBO equation admits solutions in logarithmic form, which incorporates the features of solutions for the BO equation.
Numerical simulations of novel multi- chalcogenide CuAgBeSnSe4 based thin film solar cell with over 24% efficiency using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Zhu Hanming , Liu Yingkai , Li Decong , Kang Kunyong
Published: September 2024

For solar cell applications, the multi-chalcogenide CuAgBeSnSe4 (CABTSe) shows promise as a potential absorbing material. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted for the ITO/CABTSe/Ag2S/Au structure, which was screened from a group of 50 CABTSe-based thin film solar cells (TFSCs) using the SCAPS-1D code. We explored the influence of various parameters such as thickness, doping concentration, defect density, mobility, and electron affinity on the photovoltaic performance of the screened device. Under optimized parameters, the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, filling factor, and efficiency of the photovoltaic device were 1.099 V, 25.5 mA cm−2, 86.48%, and 24.24%, respectively. This study provides an effective approach for using CABTSe-based TFSCs as a replacement for traditional Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4-based TFSCs.
High-frequency average phase compensation method for gamma nonlinearity based on optimal-frequency strategy
Authors: Chen Boyang , Wan Yingying , Li Jinlong , Yang Kai , Luo Lin , Li Hongmei
Published: September 2024

The accuracy of fringe projection phase-shifting profilometry (PSP) is affected by gamma nonlinearity greatly, and the average phase compensation method is an effective technique to reduce the nonlinear error. However, double fringe patterns are commonly required, especially combined with the multi-frequency phase unwrapping method (MFPU), using 6 × 3 images in three-frequency method, which limits the measurement eiciency. To reduce the number of required images, this paper presents an efficient average phase compensation method using 6f

h
+ 3f

l
+ 3f

u
algorithm based on an optimal-frequency strategy. Six high-frequency standard and π/3 shifted 3-step phase-shifting fringe patterns are used together to generate high-accuracy wrapped phase. Three unit-frequency and three low-frequency fringe patterns are used to obtain coarse a unit-frequency wrapped phase and a coarse low-frequency wrapped phase, respectively. To ensure the robust phase unwrapping for high-frequency phase, the mathematical model of the optimal frequency is derived and determined by phase error amplitude calculation. Simulation and experimental results verified that only applying average phase compensation under the guidance of optimal-frequency selection strategy could achieve robust phase unwrapping and high-accurate measurement by reducing the nonlinear error substantially.
Bound-state confinement after trap-expansion dynamics in integrable systems
Authors: Biagetti Leonardo , Alba Vincenzo
Published: September 2024

Integrable systems possess stable families of quasiparticles, which are composite objects (bound states) of elementary excitations. Motivated by recent quantum computer experiments, we investigate bound-state transport in the spin-

1

/

2

anisotropic Heisenberg chain (XXZ chain). Specifically, we consider the sudden vacuum expansion of a finite region A prepared in a non-equilibrium state. In the hydrodynamic regime, if interactions are strong enough, bound states remain confined in the initial region. Bound-state confinement persists until the density of unbound excitations remains finite in the bulk of A. Since region A is finite, at asymptotically long times bound states are ‘liberated’ after the ‘evaporation’ of the unbound excitations. Fingerprints of confinement are visible in the space-time profiles of local spin-projection operators. To be specific, here we focus on the expansion of the p-Néel states, which are obtained by repetition of a unit cell with p up spins followed by p down spins. Upon increasing p, the bound-state content is enhanced. In the limit

p
→
∞

one obtains the domain-wall initial state. We show that for p < 4, only bound states with n > p are confined at large chain anisotropy. For

p
≳
4

, bound states with n = p are also confined, consistent with the absence of transport in the limit

p
→
∞

. The scenario of bound-state confinement leads to a hierarchy of timescales at which bound states of different sizes are liberated, which is also reflected in the dynamics of the von Neumann entropy.
Experimental verification of characteristic parameter analysis method for pipeline leak before break
Authors: Zhang Liming , Wang Chen , Tan Tian , Chen Ling , Xu Yanlong
Published: September 2024

The failure mode of the nuclear reactor main pipeline is often the first break and then leakage, i.e., Leak-Before-Break (LBB). If the LBB analysis technique of the pipeline is used in the design, the double-end shear fracture accident of the pipeline can be avoided. In this paper, it is assumed that an annular penetration crack already exists in the pipeline, and the tip-opening displacement of the crack and the leakage rate of the pipeline under high pressure are calculated by using LBB theoretical analysis. Then, according to the assumed conditions, the LBB test design of the pipeline under high pressure is carried out, and the crack tip opening displacement δ and the leakage rate Q of the pipeline under high pressure are measured through the experiments.
Nanometer-thick Ga/Al substituted yttrium iron garnet ultra-thin films by liquid phase epitaxial method
Authors: Zhang Yuanjing , Yang Qinghui
Published: September 2024

In microwave and spintronic applications, the Gilbert damping coefficient and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) line width play a decisive role in the component losses. Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film is a good candidate due to the extremely small damping factor. 4.8 and 51.3 nm ultra-thin Y3(GaAlFe)5O12 (GaAl-YIG) films are grown on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate using liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) technology. The films show a (111) orientation and tensile strain, and the roughness of the film surface is small. The films show a low saturation magnetization because of Ga and Al substituted, and the comparison of magnetization properties with film thickness is analyzed. The FMR line width is tested, and the calculated damping constant of the 51.3 nm film is on the order of 10−4. The structural and magnetization properties analysis demonstrates that LPE technology has the potential to provide nanometer-thick garnet films for low-loss spintronic devices.
Study of the band alignment at the CZTS/ZrS2 interface based on first-principles calculation
Authors: Li Haoning
Published: September 2024

To explore whether ZrS2 monolayer has the potential to become a buffer layer material for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells, the band arrangement of CZTS/ZrS2 heterojunction was predicted using density functional theory(DFT) first principles. In this paper, the hybrid functional HSE06 is used in all processes. The calculated results reveal a Type III band alignment at the CZTS/ZrS2 heterojunction interface, with the maximum valence band (VBM) of CZTS positioned 1.67 eV higher than the minimum conduction value (CBM) of ZrS2. The results indicate that the CZTS/ZrS2 interface may not be well-suited for utilization in solar cells, pointing towards potential areas for further investigation.
Study on the continuous cooling transformation behavior of X65 hydrogen transportation pipeline steel
Authors: Li Tianyi , Liu Wenyue , An Tao , Liu Liu , Dai Chunduo , Sun Meihui
Published: September 2024

In this work, the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behavior of X65 hydrogen transportation pipeline steel was studied by Gleeble-3800 machine. The CCT curve was constructed by temperature-dilation curves and microstructures of samples at different cooling speeds. The Ac1 and Ac3 temperatures of the tested steel are 715 °C and 901 °C. Polygonal ferrite and pearlite can be recognized when the cooling speed is between 0.2 °C/s ~ 5 °C/s, bainite and polygonal ferrite can be recognized when the cooling speed is higher than 10 °C/s. The hot-rolling process was designed according to CCT. After finishing rolling, the air cooling steel plates possesses higher hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and the steel plates coiled at 650 °C possesses lower hydrogen diffusion coefficient.
Influence of replacement ratios of spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Gao Bo , Xia Dadong , Liang Xiuqing , Zhang Tirui , Wang Qinghe
Published: September 2024

To quantify the influence of coarse spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate (SCGA) replacement ratio (r
c) on the compressive strength of concrete, we reveal the deterioration mechanism of the compressive performance of spontaneous-combustion coal gangue aggregate concrete (SCGAC). 5 groups of SCGAC with different aggregate replacement ratios were designed to measure compressive strength by test, and the structures of concrete was acquired by Scanning Electron Microscope. Data reveal that as the r
c rises, there is a corresponding decrease in the compressive strength of SCGAC. Compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC), the 28 d axial compressive strength of SCGAC with the r
c of 50% and 100% decreases by 14.61% and 19.40%, respectively. The Weibull distribution of SCGAC compressive strength is closer to the actual compressive strength distribution characteristics, which is more suitable for predicting the compressive strength of SCGAC.
Study on the mechanism of pressure-induced erosion in molten pool of EDM metal
Authors: Chen Chao , Ni Shoudong , Mhahe Fouad Ben
Published: September 2024

This study employs molecular dynamics methods to explore the mechanism of pressure-induced erosion due to the pressure differential within and outside the molten pool during the EDM process. Through simulations of the EDM process for metals such as copper and tungsten, it was found that high melting point materials exhibit slow melting and evaporation rates within the molten pool, resulting in lower internal pressures and reduced efficacy in material erosion, thereby exhibiting high erosion resistance. Experimental validation has demonstrated that the machining efficiency of metals increases with the decrease in their melting points, thus confirming the accuracy of the simulation results. This research not only unveils the micro-dynamic mechanisms of material erosion but also provides a theoretical foundation and experimental support for the advancement of EDM technology.
Effects of Co and Mo on the microstructure properties of GH4282 and the mechanical properties of metal bellows
Authors: Li Zhuoliang , Zhang Dalin , Song Linhong , Yu Xianglin , Wang Songhan , Shi Zhaoxia
Published: September 2024

In the present study, a new type of Ni-Cr-Co-Mo (GH4282) precipitation-hardening superalloy was prepared on the basis of GH4202 alloy. By adding Co and Mo elements to enhance the solution-strengthening effect, good creep resistance and toughness were obtained. The results show that the strength and microstructure stability of GH4282 alloy are significantly higher than those of traditional GH4202 alloy under the condition of 700~900°C. The precipitated phase of GH4282 alloy is dominated by γ′ phase, which contains M23C6, MC, and a small amount of M6C carbide. The precipitation is mainly distributed along the grain boundaries, and has good stability at temperatures below 900°C, which can effectively pin the grain boundaries. The thermal stability of the alloy is increased. The metal bellows made of GH4282 alloy have significantly higher fatigue life and high-temperature stability, the increase of Co and Mo element content leads to the enhancement of precipitation, and the combined effect of solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening leads to the above results.
Study on spring-back characteristics of magnesium alloy plate in multi-point forming
Authors: Zhao Mengjun , Lv Dongxiong , Skib  , Zhu Pengcheng , Liu Zan
Published: September 2024

Multi-point forming (MPF) is an advanced method of plate forming with its characteristics of dieless, rapid, and flexible. In this paper, the springback of Magnesium alloy (Mg alloy) plates was researched under different geometrical conditions, mechanical properties, and constitutive models with the MPF method. The studies showed that the springback of Mg alloy plates reduced with the thickness of the plates, increased with curvature radius, and enlarged with the initial yield strength. Meanwhile, the simulated results indicated that the constitutive model had a significant influence on the springback of the Mg alloy plate forming.
Simulation and study of the flow field in a kettle-type reactor for ethylene polymerization
Authors: Ji Hou , Hong Zhang , Xinhua Ren , Jia Zhang , Chen Peng
Published: September 2024

Addressing the complexities inherent in the polymerization process for solution method polyethylene production, particularly the challenges in describing the turbulent three-dimensional flow field within the reactor and the precise design of reactor structural parameters, this research leverages computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods integrated with polymerization reaction kinetics equations. We have formulated User-Defined Functions (UDFs) for a quantitative representation of the polymerization process. Employing the Realizable k-epsilon turbulence model and Sliding Grid (SG) technique, we analyzed the flow dynamics and field distribution within the reactor, elucidating the distribution patterns of temperature, pressure, and concentration fields. A comparative assessment of simulation outcomes against experimental data revealed that the average deviation of the simulated temperature field from actual operating conditions falls within the permissible error range, thereby affirming the simulation model’s validity. Utilizing local sensitivity analysis, we investigated the impact of impeller structural parameters on mixing time and stirring power. Our analysis of the most sensitive structural parameters indicated that impeller diameter and the number of impellers are pivotal in reducing mixing time and stirring power, respectively. Notably, the stirring power escalates with an increase in the number of impellers, while the mixing time exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase with varying impeller diameters. The methodologies and patterns discerned in this study provide insightful design references for the design and optimization of reactors across different tonnages.
Preparation of carbon nanotube composite solder and analysis of the thermal properties
Authors: Cui Shizhong , Miao Wenfan , Ding Yang , Ju Bin
Published: September 2024

The solder layer constitutes a crucial component of IGBT power modules. It endures significant thermal stress during operation, and the magnitude of this stress correlates with the coefficient of thermal expansion. To prevent fatigue damage to the solder layer during operation, it is necessary to reduce the solder’s coefficient of thermal expansion, thereby alleviating the impact of thermal stress. In this paper, the method of adding carbon nanotube powder to solder is proposed to solve this problem. Firstly, the relationship between thermal stress and the coefficient of thermal expansion is analyzed, and then the mechanical ball milling method is employed to prepare composite solder with a 0.05% carbon nanotube content. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the prepared composite solder reveals homogeneous mixing and uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes on the solder particle surfaces. Furthermore, thermal expansion coefficient tests were conducted on the sintered carbon nanotube composite solder, revealing a 16.2% reduction in the coefficient due to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes.
Preliminary study on smelting micro-carbon ferromanganese alloy by electro silicon thermal one-step process
Authors: Song Yaoxin , Pang Jianming , Luo Lingen , Yue Chongfeng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the related thermodynamic analysis of the one-step electro silicon thermal smelting process of micro-C-ferroalloy was carried out, and the effects of smelting temperature (T), slag alkalinity (R), silicon ratio (KSi) and holding time (t) on the appearance quality of the alloy, the Mn content, the Si content of the alloy and the Mn element recovery rate were studied. It is concluded that under the conditions of a smelting temperature of 1400°C, the basicity of slag R is 1.2, the silicon addition coefficient KSi is 1.0, the holding time is 60 min, the alloy appearance quality is good, Mn content of the alloy is high, Si content is low, and Mn yield is relatively high. Under laboratory conditions, the Mn yield of the alloy obtained by this method is low, and the thermodynamic equilibrium and reaction kinetics of the alloy melt and slag system of this method still need to be further studied to provide a theoretical basis for the expansion test.
A wireless and passive tool holder for online measurement of milling temperature
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zhang Qizhi , Tang Zilin , Liu Hongrui
Published: September 2024

The measurement of cutting temperature is very important in monitoring the manufacturing process and greatly impacts tool wear and the workpiece surface quality. Milling temperature measurement is particularly difficult due to high-speed rotation. This paper uses an intelligent and wireless passive tool-holder system for milling temperature sensing, with a resolution of 0.25°C, a range of 0~700°C, and an update speed of 10 Hz. Thermocouple is pre-embedded in the machined groove near the cutting edge on the flank face of the milling tool, and signal acquisition circuits and wireless transmission module are integrated into the tool holder system for online signal processing. Based on electromagnetic induction, the self-power supply scheme is designed by converting the rotating kinetic energy of the spindle to electricity, and hierarchical energy regulation is achieved to realize a stable and constant power supply. With a temperature-sensing intelligent tool holder, cutting experiments on different processing parameters are carried out to verify the feasibility of the measurement system.
High-efficiency tandem red organic light-emitting diodes adopting exciplex hosts
Authors: Wang Jiong , Zhang Shengdong
Published: September 2024

Deep-red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit significant potential for applications in infrared medical treatment and infrared imaging. However, the OLED performance drops significantly with increasing emission wavelength due to the energy gap law. To overcome this challenge, an efficient interfacial exciplex host, NPB/TPBi, has been developed. Simulation results indicate that the interfacial exciplex host demonstrates superior performance, compared with the bulk exciplex host and single host. To further boost the performance of red OLEDs, the interfacial exciplex host was incorporated into tandem devices, achieving an external quantum efficiency of up to 27.3%. This work offers important insights for the fabrication of efficient red OLEDs.
Study on process optimization of electroless Ni-P plating on binderless WC
Authors: Wu Xianyou , Zhou Tianfeng , Zhang Zhaoqian , Liu Peng , Yu Qian , Zhao Bin
Published: September 2024

In the field of Precision Glass Molding (PGM), binderless tungsten carbide (WC) is a pivotal material for molds, despite its high processing costs and complexities. Nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) alloys also exhibit superior performance at elevated temperatures. The innovation of Ni-P/WC composite molds addresses the issue of the poor machinability of WC. This research delves into the influence of the activating solution’s concentration on the surface activation energy of WC, the quality of plating, and the deposition rate during the electroless Ni-P plating process. Additionally, the study scrutinizes how the pH level of the plating solution impacts the quality of Ni-P, the rate of deposition, and the phosphorus content. These investigations have led to the realization of an efficient and high-quality Ni-P plating process for WC.
Influence of substrate edge chamfer geometric features on the edge effect of spin-coating film
Authors: He Naipeng , Liu Qiuyu , Ying Yan , Ping Zhou
Published: September 2024

The spin-coating method is a widely employed technique for thin film fabrication. However, edge effects can adversely affect the quality and utility of the films produced. This study investigates the influence of chamfered edges on the substrate during the spin-coating process on edge effects. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that smaller chamfer angles contribute to reducing the width of edge effects. Conversely, the width of the chamfer has a relatively minor impact on the extent of edge effects.
Modeling and prediction of workpiece nonlinear physical quantities based on extended Kalman filter
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Lu Jiping , Zhang Faping
Published: September 2024

For the workpiece from the tool withdrawal time until the lifting of the fixture constraint is called the in-situ state. In this process, the workpiece’s state quantity changes with time, and the state quantity can be regarded as a time series physical quantity. Therefore, the physical state and geometric physical quantities in the in-situ stage can be characterized by time sequence through the deformation theory. Kalman filter is a kind of optimal estimation method that includes two processes: prediction and correction. In the process of prediction estimation, only the optimal estimation of the last time needs to be stored, which can reduce the operation cost and improve the prediction efficiency. Since the state quantity of the workpiece in situ becomes nonlinear, this paper uses the extended Kalman filter for characterization modeling and nonlinear prediction, combines the typical heat-force coupling model with the extended Kalman filter for representation, and finally obtains the modeling characterization and result prediction of the filter state quantity.
Myco-nanotechnological approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles using a fungal endophyte, Penicillium oxalicum, and unravelling its antibacterial activity and anti-breast cancer role via metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Gupta Priyamvada , Chattopadhaya Amrit , Gautam Vibhav
Published: September 2024

The present study has been designed to fabricate fungal endophyte-assisted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and elucidate their anti-breast cancer potential. The aqueous extract of fungal endophyte Penicillium oxalicum (PO), associated with the medicinal plant Amoora rohituka, was used for the fabrication of AuNPs (POAuNPs). Physico-chemical characterization using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed stable, uniform distribution, spherical shape and crystalline nature of POAuNPs with a size range of 3–46 nm. Furthermore, the POAuNPs potentially inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesized POAuNPs have shown potential antioxidant effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays with an EC50 value of 8.875 ± 0.082, 52.593 ± 2.506 and 43.717 ± 1.449 µg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, the value of EC50 for the total antioxidant capacity of POAuNPs was found to be 23.667 ± 1.361 µg mL−1. The cell viability of human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was found to be reduced after treatment with POAuNPs, and IC50 values were found to be 19.753 ± 0.640 and 35.035 ± 0.439 µg mL−1, respectively. Further, in vitro biochemical assays revealed that POAuNPs induces metabolic reprogramming in terms of reduced glucose uptake, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and, disruption of oxidative balance through depletion of glutathione levels, increased nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation levels as a possible pathway to suppress human breast cancer cell proliferation. Apoptosis-specific nuclear modulations induced by POAuNPs in human breast cancer cells were validated through 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining. The present investigation thus attempts to show the first ever fabrication of AuNPs using an aqueous extract of P. oxalicum associated with A. rohituka. The results revealed unique physico-chemical characteristics of mycogenic AuNPs, and screening their effect against breast cancer via metabolic reprogramming and induction of apoptosis thus adds great significance for cancer therapeutics, suggesting further exploration to develop nanotherapeutic drugs.
Incorporation of small extracellular vesicles in PEG/HA-Bio-Oss hydrogel composite scaffold for bone regeneration
Authors: Zheng Wenlong , Zhu Zhanchi , Hong Jing , Wang Hao , Cui Leisha , Zhai Yuanxin , Li Jiawei , Wang Chen , Wang Zhaojun , Xu Lunshan , Hao Ying , Cheng Guosheng , Ma Sancheng
Published: September 2024

Stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for the repair of bone defects. However, low retention of sEVs affects their therapeutic effects. Clinically used natural substitute inorganic bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) bone powder lacks high compactibility and efficient osteo-inductivity that limit its clinical application in repairing large bone defects. In this study, a poly ethylene glycol/hyaluronic acid (PEG/HA) hydrogel was used to stabilize Bio-Oss and incorporate rat bone marrow stem cell-derived sEVs (rBMSCs-sEVs) to engineer a PEG/HA-Bio-Oss (PEG/HA-Bio) composite scaffold. Encapsulation and sustained release of sEVs in hydrogel scaffold can enhance the retention of sEVs in targeted area, achieving long-lasting repair effect. Meanwhile, synergistic administration of sEVs and Bio-Oss in cranial defect can improve therapeutic effects. The PEG/HA-Bio composite scaffold showed good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, supporting the growth of rBMSCs. Furthermore, sEVs enhanced in vitro cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Implantation of sEVs/PEG/HA-Bio in rat cranial defect model promoted in vivo bone regeneration, suggesting the great potential of sEVs/PEG/HA-Bio composite scaffold for bone repair and regeneration. Overall, this work provides a strategy of combining hydrogel composite scaffold systems and stem cell-derived sEVs for the application of tissue engineering repair.
The extracellular matrix with a continuous gradient of SDF1α guides the oriented migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xu Zhongjuan , Geng Junsa , Liu Xingzhi , Zhao Zhe , Suo Dylan , Zhang Sheng , Zhong Junjie , Suo Guangli
Published: September 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in maintaining cell morphology and facilitating intercellular signal transmission within the human body. ECM has been extensively utilized for tissue injury repair. However, the consideration of factor gradients during ECM preparation has been limited. In this study, we developed a novel approach to generate sheet-like ECM with a continuous gradient of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1α). Briefly, we constructed fibroblasts to overexpress SDF1α fused with the collagen-binding domain (CBD-SDF1α), and cultured these cells on a slanted plate to establish a gradual density cell layer at the bottom surface. Subsequently, excess parental fibroblasts were evenly distributed on the plate laid flat to fill the room between cells. Following two weeks of culture, the monolayer cells were lyophilized to form a uniform ECM sheet possessing a continuous gradient of SDF1α. This engineered ECM material demonstrated its ability to guide oriented migration of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the ECM sheet. Our simple yet effective method holds great potential for advancing research in regenerative medicine.
Assessment of Indonesia’s Position on the Net Zero Emission
Authors: Nugraha Adhitya , Siregar Hermanto , Fahmi Idqan , Asikin Zenal
Published: September 2024

The research aims to answer the questions of Indonesia’s current position and condition concerning NZE compared to other countries globally. The research design employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, which shows Indonesia’s absence of a national NZE strategy in the face of international imperatives calling for country-specific strategies. While multiple NZE roadmaps exist in Indonesia, an official roadmap tailored for national purposes is imperative. Environmental degradation tends to intensify during the initial phases of economic development. However, as per capita income exceeds a certain threshold, this degradation tends to diminish with increasing income levels. It is crucial to recognize that low-income countries, including Indonesia, may face significant challenges during the transition. This underscores the importance of global and national collaboration to address these issues effectively. There is a pressing need for establishing or formalizing an institution specifically dedicated to charting the roadmap for achieving NZE in Indonesia. Ultimately, it is essential to prioritize both energy security and affordability as overarching goals while continuing to advance sustainable energy initiatives.