bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TaxonWorks: A Use Case in Documenting Complex Biological Relationships
Authors: Trivellone Valeria , Dietrich Christopher H. , Dmitriev Dmitry , Yoder Matthew
Published: May 2018

Compilation and retrieval of reliable data on biological interactions is one of the critical bottlenecks affecting efficiency and statistical power in testing ecological theories. TaxonWorks, a web-based workbench, can facilitate such research by enabling the digitization of complex biological interactions involving multiple species, individuals, and trophic levels. These data can be further organized into spatial and temporal axes, and annotated at the level of individual or grouped interactions (e.g. singularly citing the combined elements of a tritrophic interaction). The simple, customizable nature of tools ultimately reduces the time-consuming steps of data gathering, cleaning, and formatting of datasets for subsequent exploration and analysis while also improving the asserted semantics.

An example use case is provided with a dataset of associations among plants, pathogens and insect vectors. The curated data are accessed through the JSON serving TaxonWorks API (Application Programming Interface) by an R package. Analysis and visualization of the network graphs persisted in TaxonWorks is demonstrated using core R functionality and the igraph package (Csardi and Nepusz 2006).

TaxonWorks is open-source, collaboratively built software available at http://taxonworks.org.
REBIOMA Data Portal, Tool for Conservation Planning in Madagascar
Authors: Tsiky Rabetrano
Published: May 2018

Recognizing the abundance and the accumulation of information and data on biodiversity that are still poorly exploited and even unfunded, the REBIOMA project (Madagascar Biodiversity Networking), in collaboration with partners, has developed an online dataportal in order to provide easy access to information and critical data, to support conservation planning and the expansion of scientific and professional activities in Madagascar biodiversity.

The mission of the REBIOMA data portal is to serve quality-labeled, up-to-date species occurrence data and environmental niche models for Madagascar’s flora and fauna, both marine and terrestrial. REBIOMA is a project of the Wildlife Conservation Society Madagascar and the University of California, Berkeley.

REBIOMA serves species occurrence data for marine and terrestrial regions of Madagascar. Following upload, data is automatically validated against a geographic mask and a taxonomic authority. Data providers can decide whether their data will be public, private, or shared only with selected collaborators. Data reviewers can add quality labels to individual records, allowing selection of data for modeling and conservation assessments according to quality. Portal users can query data in numerous ways.

One of the key features of the REBIOMA web portal is its support for species distribution models, created from taxonomically valid and quality-reviewed occurrence data. Species distribution models are produced for species for which there are at least eight, reliably reviewed, non-duplicate (per grid cell) records. Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt for short) is used to produce continuous distribution models from these occurrence records and environmental data for different eras: past (1950), current (2000), and future (2080). The result is generally interpreted as a prediction of habitat suitability. Results for each model are available on the portal and ready for download as ASCII and HTML files.

The REBIOMA Data Portal address is http://data.rebioma.net, or visit http://www.rebioma.netfor more general information about the entire REBIOMA project.
Workflow and Current Achievements of BIOfid, an Information Service Mobilizing Biodiversity Data from Literature Sources
Authors: Driller Christine , Koch Markus , Schmidt Marco , Weiland Claus , Hörnschemeyer Thomas , Hickler Thomas , Abrami Giuseppe , Ahmed Sajawel , Gleim Rüdiger , Hemati Wahed , Uslu Tolga , Mehler Alexander , Pachzelt Adrian , Rexhepi Jashar , Risse Thomas , Schuster Janina , Kasperek Gerwin , Hausinger Angela
Published: May 2018

BIOfid is a specialized information service currently being developed to mobilize biodiversity data dormant in printed historical and modern literature and to offer a platform for open access journals on the science of biodiversity. Our team of librarians, computer scientists and biologists produce high-quality text digitizations, develop new text-mining tools and generate detailed ontologies enabling semantic text analysis and semantic search by means of user-specific queries. In a pilot project we focus on German publications on the distribution and ecology of vascular plants, birds, moths and butterflies extending back to the Linnaeus period about 250 years ago. The three organism groups have been selected according to current demands of the relevant research community in Germany. The text corpus defined for this purpose comprises over 400 volumes with more than 100,000 pages to be digitized and will be complemented by journals from other digitization projects, copyright-free and project-related literature. With TextImager (Natural Language Processing & Text Visualization) and TextAnnotator (Discourse Semantic Annotation) we have already extended and launched tools that focus on the text-analytical section of our project. Furthermore, taxonomic and anatomical ontologies elaborated by us for the taxa prioritized by the project’s target group - German institutions and scientists active in biodiversity research - are constantly improved and expanded to maximize scientific data output. Our poster describes the general workflow of our project ranging from literature acquisition via software development, to data availability on the BIOfid web portal (http://biofid.de/), and the implementation into existing platforms which serve to promote global accessibility of biodiversity data.
Bringing a Semantic MediaWiki Flora to Life
Authors: Pender Jocelyn , Sachs Joel L. , Macklin James , Cui Hong , Vallance Andru , Lujan-Toro Beatriz , Rodenhausen Thomas , Belisle-Leclerc Melanie , Levin Geoffrey
Published: May 2018

The existing web representation of the Flora of North America (FNA) project needs improvement. Despite being electronically available, it has little more functionality than its printed counterpart. Over the past few years, our team has been working diligently to build a new more effective online presence for the FNA. The main objective is to capitalize on modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools built for biodiversity data (Explorer of Taxon Concepts or ETC; Cui et al. 2016), and present the FNA online in both machine and human readable formats. With machine-comprehensible data, the mobilization and usability of flora treatments is enhanced and capabilities for data linkage to a Biodiversity Knowledge Graph (Page 2016) are enabled. For example, usability of treatments increases when morphological statements are parsed into finely grained pieces of data using ETC, because these data can be easily traversed across taxonomic groups to reveal trends. Additionally, the development of new features in our online FNA is facilitated by FNA data parsing and processing in ETC, including a feature to enable users to explore all treatments and illustrations generated by an author of interest. The current status of the ongoing project to develop a Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) platform for the FNA is presented here. New features recently implemented are introduced, challenges in assembling the Semantic MediaWiki are discussed, and future opportunities, which include the integration of additional floras and data sources, are explored. Furthermore, implications of standardization of taxonomic treatments, which work such as this entails, will be discussed.
GBIF Benin's Data Portal
Authors: Lecoq Marie-Elise , Archambeau Anne-Sophie , Cavière Fabien , Koura Kourouma , Pamerlon Sophie , Ganglo Jean
Published: May 2018

GBIF Benin, hosted at the University of Abomey-Calavi, has published more than 338,000 occurrence records in 87 datasets and checklists. It has been a Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) node since 2004 and is a leader in several projects from the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme.

GBIF facilitates collaboration between nodes at different levels through its Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP) [https://www.gbif.org/programme/82219/capacity-enhancement-support-programme]. One of the actions included in the CESP guidelines is called ‘Mentoring activities’. Its main goal is the transfer of knowledge between partners such as information, technologies, experience, and best practices.

Sharing architecture and development is the key solution to solve some technical challenges or impediments (hosting, staff turnover, etc.) that GBIF nodes could face. The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) team developed a functionality called ‘data hub’. It gives the possibility to create a standalone website with a dedicated occurrence search engine that seeks among a range of data (e.g. specific genus, geographic area).

In 2017, GBIF Benin and GBIF France wanted to strengthen their partnership and started a CESP project. One of the core objectives of this project is the creation of the Atlas of Living Benin using ALA modules. GBIF France developers, with the help of the GBIF Benin team, are in the process of configuring a data hub that will give access to Beninese data only, while at the same time Atlas of Living France will give access to French data only. Both data portals will use the same back end, therefore the same databases. Benin is the first African GBIF node to implement this kind of infrastructure.

On this poster, we will present the Atlas of Living Benin specific architecture and how we have managed to distinguish data coming from Benin and coming from France.
Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data
Authors: Mafuwe Kudzai
Published: May 2018

The Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe is a biodiversity hotspot that forms part of the Eastern Afromontane region, which has seen an increase in human activities such as agriculture, illegal mining, and introduction of invasive species. These anthropogenic activities have had negative environmental consequences including land degradation and water pollution, which have negatively impacted on the quality of aquatic habitats and biodiversity in the region. The region harbours several freshwater species of conservation interest whose numbers and distribution are little known. We also do not know the impacts of the ongoing human activities and threats on the local wetland biodiversity and the integrity of the ecosystem in the region. The relevant data on the wetland biodiversity from previous studies and surveys is also not readiliy available to guide poliies and conservation efforts in this region.

With the aid of the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) program sponsored by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the European Union (EU), a project titled 'Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data' has mobilized and digitized over 2,000 occurrence records on freshwater biodiversity, with a focus on fish, invertebrates, amphibians and bird species in the region, since October 2017. The project also makes use of biodiversity informatics tools such as ecological niche modelling, to identify the important sites for conservation of the freshwater biodiversity in this region. The outputs will help to show policy makers, wildlife managers, researchers and conservationists where to target resources and conservation efforts. This will also help protect the biodiversity that still existsin the unprotected wetlands of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and that could be lost to human activities such as clearing for agriculture.
Darwin Core Spatial Processor (DwCSP): a Fast Biodiversity Occurrences Curator
Authors: Troudet Julien , Legendre Fred , Vignes-Lebbe Régine
Published: May 2018

Primary biodiversity data, or occurrence data, are being produced at an increasing rate and are used in numerous studies (Hampton et al. 2013, La Salle et al. 2016). This data avalanche is a remarkable opportunity but it comes with hurdles. First, available software solutions are rare for very large datasets and those solutions often require significant computer skills (Gaiji et al. 2013), while most biologists are not formally trained in bioinformatics (List et al. 2017). Second, large datasets are heterogeneous because they come from different producers and they can contain erroneous data (Gaiji et al. 2013). Hence, they need to be curated. In this context, we developed a biodiversity occurrence curator designed to quickly handle large amounts of data through a simple interface: the Darwin Core Spatial Processor (DwCSP). DwCSP does not require the installation or use of third-party software and has a simple graphical user interface that requires no computer knowledge. DwCSP allows for the data enrichment of biodiversity occurrences and also ensures data quality through outlier detection. For example, the software can enrich a tabulated occurrence file (Darwin Core for instance) with spatial data from polygon files (e.g., Esri shapefile) or a Rasters file (geotiff). The speed of the enriching procedures is ensured through multithreading and optimized spatial access methods (R-Tree indexes). DwCSP can also detect and tag outliers based on their geographic coordinates or environmental variables. The first type of outlier detection uses a computed distance between the occurrence and its nearest neighbors, whereas the second type uses a Mahalanobis distance (Mahalanobis 1936). One hundred thousand occurrences can be processed by DwCSP in less than 20 minutes and another test on forty million occurrences was completed in a few days on a recent personal computer. DwCSP has an English interface including documentation and will be available as a stand-alone Java Archive (JAR) executable that works on all computers having a Java environment (version 1.8 and onward).
DemoCamp: BRIT Digitization Appliance
Authors: Best Jason
Published: May 2018

In recent years, the natural history collections community has made great progress in accelerating the pace of collection digitization and global data-sharing. However, a common workflow bottleneck often occurs in that period immediately following image capture but preceding image submission to portals, a critical phase involving quality control, file management, image processing, metadata capture, data backup, and monitoring performance and progress.

While larger institutions have likely developed reliable, automated workflows over time, small and medium institutions may not have the expertise or resources to design and implement workflows that take full advantage of automation opportunities. Without automation, these institutions must invest many hours of manual effort to meet quality and performance goals.

To address its own needs, BRIT developed a number of workflow automation components, which coalesced over time into a suite of tools that operate on both an image capture station as a client application and on a server that provides file storage and image processing features. Together, these tools were created to meet the following goals:

Simplify file management and data preservation through automation

Quickly identify quality issues

Quickly capture skeletal metadata to facilitate later databasing

Significantly reduce time between image capture and online availability

Provide performance and quality monitoring and reporting

Easy configuration and maintenance of client and server

The client and server components together can be considered a “digitization appliance”: software integrated with the specific goal of providing a comprehensive suite of digitization tools that can be quickly and easily deployed on simple consumer hardware. We have made this software available to the natural history collections community under an open-source license at https://github.com/BRITorg/digitization_appliance.
Embedding Data Sharing in Biodiversity Research
Authors: Barkworth Mary , Cobb Neil
Published: May 2018

Increasing the number of occurrence records available for biodiversity research requires developing efficient pipelines from collectors and observers to data aggregators and then marketing those pipelines to biodiversity researchers. To be effective, these pipelines must recognize that in many countries, internet access is slow, intermittent, or expensive; cell phone internet access may be more common but many people cannot afford the costs associated with using a cell phone for databasing. The pipelines must also make it easy for users to provide high quality data that conforms to international biodiversity data standards. Marketing of these pipelines should include building understanding of these standards and enable data providers to benefit almost immediately from their contributions. Symbiota has succeeded in making over 32 million specimen records available but most come from the United States, a country with fast and reliable internet access in most regions. We have established two Symbiota-based websites, OpenHerbarium and OpenZooMuseum, to enable collectors and collections in Old World countries that lack a national network, to become contributors to and participants in the global biodiversity data sharing community. Talking with biodiversity researchers in such countries has clarified the many impediments to data sharing faced by their collectors and collections. In this presentation, we shall describe the steps we have taken, and are proposing to take, to improve the pipeline for collectors and collections in countries with poor internet access.
Integrated Landscape Assessment and Monitoring (ILAM): A cost-effective approach towards informed decision-making for natural resources management
Authors: Gashakamba Faustin
Published: May 2018

As the world strives towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals, development planners both at national and local levels have now come to understand the importance of informed decision-making. Natural resources management is one of the areas where careful planning is required to ensure sustainable use of and maximum benefit from the services we get from ecosystems.

In developing countries, the scarcity of resources (both in terms of funding and skills) constitutes the main hindrance to the generation of accurate and timely data and information that would guide planning and implementation of development strategies. As a result, decisions are taken on an ad-hoc basis and without possibility of appreciating the long-term effect of these decisions.

In that regard, Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS) has developed a participatory and cost-effective framework to monitor the status and trends of biodiversity and ecosystem services at the landscape level and to assess the socio-economic conditions that affect them.

The approach termed “Integrated Landscape Assessment and Monitoring – ILAM” uses the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response model and applies a simple indicators framework that allows teams to collect needed data in a rapid and cost-effective way. Burkhard and Müller (2008)

This approach is flexible enough to be adaptable to the available time and funding resources and is therefore very suitable to be applied in the context of the developing world including east-African countries. This flexibility ranges from the use GIS and remote sensing techniques combined with thorough biodiversity field surveys to simple rapid assessment of key indicators using smaller teams and for short periods of time in the field.

Since 2013, ARCOS has been biennially conducting ILAM studies in its five focal landscapes in Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi and the results have influenced major decisions such as the designation of at least two wetlands as Ramsar sites and the upgrade of one forest as a national park.

In addition to this, other planning processes have been informed by the results of these studies, such as the process to develop the new Rwandan National Strategy for Transformation for 2017–2024 and the development of the districts’ strategic plans for 2018–2024.

Currently the biodiversity data generated through these studies is being published by Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) for wider access by researchers and educators in the region and a portal, the ARCOS Biodiversity Information Management System (ARBIMS), has been established to facilitate sharing of data and information to guide planning and decision-making in the region.
Sustaining Community Data Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities with the Scratchpad Virtual Research Environment
Authors: Smith Vincent , Scott Ben , Livermore Laurence , Kiddle Paul , Vincent Sarah , Woodburn Matt
Published: May 2018

Scratchpads are an online Virtual Research Environment (VRE) for biodiversity scientists, allowing anyone to share their data and create their own research networks (http://scratchpads.eu/). In operation since 2007, the platform has supported more than 1,000 communities in their efforts to share, manage and aggregate information on the natural world. Funded through a series of European Commission and United Kingdom research council grants, the platform reached a height of popularity in 2014 with more than 14,500 users, but high levels of usage, coupled with the difficulty of sustaining external funding, led to a significant decline in the quality of service provision and support available to the project. Consequently, the Scratchpads service was closed to new communities in October 2016 and was managed on an essential care and maintenance basis until new permanent funding became available in December 2017. Despite these challenges, the Scratchpad system continues to be used by a loyal community of taxonomists and systematists. As part of our efforts to stabilise the platform and develop a sustainable future for its users, we present our findings from an in-depth analysis of Scratchpad usage metrics and user behaviour. We investigate the growth of the Scratchpads since their inception; how global taxonomic concepts have been generated, used and adapted; the geographical and taxonomic coverage of Scratchpads; the functionality most popular with users, and those features that failed to gain traction with the community; and finally how aggregated data was used and modified by select user communities. Our presentation examines the challenges of maintaining a complex digital project once funding expires and the initial project team disperses. We conclude with a summary of the Scratchpad software development roadmap based on this quantitative analysis of user behaviour. This is informing the future of the Scratchpads system and identifies how VREs for the biodiversity data community might be developed to provide a more integrated and sustainable solution to the problem of community management for biodiversity data.
Le Vietnam des « hameaux stratégiques », à la croisée des influences
Authors: Tenenbaum Élie
Published: May 2018

Résumé Le programme des « hameaux stratégiques » fut lancé en 1962 par le gouvernement de Ngo Dinh Diem au Sud-Vietnam. Inspiré de nombreux précédents historiques (Indochine, Malaisie, Israël), ce projet avait pour objectif de rassembler les communautés rurales autour de villages fortifiés, modernes, et autonomes tant sur le plan économique que sécuritaire, afin de les soustraire à l’influence communiste du Front national de libération (FNL). Cette étude revient sur les mécanismes de « circulation des savoirs » et les influences extérieures – notamment américaines et britanniques – qui ont contribué à la conception du programme. Dresser la généaologie rigoureuse de ce dispositif et répertorier les différents facteurs concourant à sa réalisation permet d’établir une distinction entre les erreurs d’analyse liées au « transfert d’expérience » et celles associées à la mise en œuvre proprement dite de l’entreprise.
Contre-insurrection et urbanisation dans la guerre civile guatémaltèque
Authors: Stepputat Finn , Colombe Amandine
Published: May 2018

Résumé Cette étude traite de la façon dont l’armée guatémaltèque a utilisé le déplacement et la concentration des populations rurales dans des camps et des habitats concentrés comme moyen de rétablir le contrôle sur le territoire national dans le contexte de l’insurrection armée du début des années 1980. Les officiers guatémaltèques ont été profondément influencés par les diverses expériences des campagnes de contre-insurrection menées en Algérie et au Vietnam. Au Guatemala plus particulièrement, la gestion de la population par différents programmes « d’action civique » a joué un rôle décisif dans la guerre civile. S’appuyant sur des contributions théoriques de Foucault, Lefebvre et de Certeau, portant sur l’organisation spatiale de l’État, l’analyse identifie les trois formes de cette urbanisation contrainte : la concentration des populations déplacées dans des sites s’apparentant à des camps en 1982 ; l’introduction de « villages modèles » et de « pôles de développement » en 1983-1984 ; la stabilisation de « communautés » rurales dans les années 1990, conséquence des efforts de reconstruction après-guerre dans d’anciennes zones de conflit. Ces trois entreprises d’urbanisation combinent des formes spatiales d’organisation avec des processus de subjectivation imprégnés d’idées et de techniques visant à façonner des sujets civilisés et une communauté politique réformée.
Le(s) droit(s) au service de la justice transitionnelle
Authors: Lutard Catherine
Published: May 2018

L’article questionne l’efficacité de la « justice transitionnelle » à travers l’exemple des ONG serbes. L’hypothèse retenue pose que les ONG, à partir de l’exemple des ONG serbes, fédérées autour d’un système transnational des droits de l’Homme, restent, malgré cela, en concurrence ou en discordance autour des questions mémorielles régionales, les unes avec les autres, ce qui aboutit à générer des nouveaux conflits dans les politiques de réconciliation. L’article s’interroge sur les difficultés des ONG à imposer leur justice transitionnelle face à la passivité de l’État serbe et à l’importance de leur dépendance aux bailleurs internationaux. Grâce aux pressions étrangères, elles peuvent influencer le gouvernement serbe. L’article montre toute l’ambiguïté pour ces ONG d’agir au nom des droits de l’Homme au niveau national tout en étant discordantes entre elles, imbriquées dans des relations internationales et dépendantes financièrement des donateurs internationaux.
Groupe de parole en milieu carcéral
Authors: Mariat Charlotte
Published: May 2018

La pratique récente de groupes de parole en milieu carcéral donne l’occasion d’une réflexion sur la place, l’identité et la façon d’incarner le rôle du père dans des contextes particulièrement entravants. Comment la condition carcérale modèle-t-elle le lien père-enfant ? Quelles ressources sont créées, inventées, coconstruites entre les différents acteurs que sont les pères, les enfants, les mères et les acteurs de l’institution carcérale ? Le lien entre le père et l’enfant est abordé autour des problématiques de séparation et d’éloignement que génère la condition carcérale, avec un focus sur le vécu du père à travers la parole des détenus qui participent au groupe.
Les pères inattendus
Authors: Simon Marie-Madeleine
Published: May 2018

Dans le cadre de la protection de l’enfance, un bébé peut être séparé de son parent et placé dans une pouponnière sociale. Le juge pour enfants fixe le cadre des visites parent-enfant qui ont lieu à la pouponnière, dans une unité dédiée à ces rencontres. Des pères viennent voir leur bébé et, contre toute attente, confirment leur présence auprès de lui tout au long de son séjour à la pouponnière, même si cette parentalité ne peut s’exercer qu’à temps partiel, au vu des situations de chacun.
Le père, un parent comme les autres ?
Authors: Perry Alice
Published: May 2018

Un père, une mère, un enfant, simplicité biblique... Et pourtant, tout est plus complexe et la diversité des structures familiales que l’on rencontre aujourd’hui en témoigne. Qu’est-ce donc finalement que la parentalité ? Le parent est-il celui qui transmet son patrimoine génétique ou celui qui élève l’enfant ? Y a-t-il de ce point de vue des différences substantielles entre père et mère ? Face à une réalité changeante, le droit tente de poser un cadre et de faire évoluer les règles. Non par souci de régenter les consciences, mais plutôt pour garantir les droits et les devoirs de chacun. L’occasion m’est donnée de faire le point sur le statut du père.
Père et mère « jusqu’à épuisement des stocks »
Authors: Carminati Jean-Paul
Published: May 2018

Le nouveau livret de famille issu de la loi dite « mariage pour tous » institue la fin de papa-maman comme référence anthropologique « légale » de la parenté. Mais quelle sera la pérennité des nouvelles descriptions légales désexuées des figures tutélaires de « bébé », si éloignées des réflexes culturels et langagiers, de la vérité biologique et des droits reconnus à l’enfant par les conventions internationales ?
Le spectre des Roms
Authors: Lupu Gabriela , Fassin Éric
Published: May 2018

Les photographies de Gabriela Lupu montrent sans le montrer un bidonville rom avec Porte de Paris . Au départ, il y a l’intimité de la cabane d’une famille rom habitant sur un terrain à Saint-Denis. Les dessins de l’artiste représentent la disposition des objets sur les murs ainsi que des scènes de vie sur du papier de petit format (10x15cm). Dans l’atelier, ces dessins ont été traduits en formes avec du papier et du fil de fer, installés dans un petit théâtre bricolé, et ensuite photographiés. Une seule photographie, la dernière, montre (de loin) le « camp » qui vient d’être « démantelé ». Chaque scène a été photographiée en noir et blanc ; seule la légende permet d’identifier les objets et les situations. Cette sélection de neuf photographies est précédée et suivie de brefs textes d’Éric Fassin qui analysent, à travers l’esthétique de ce projet qui représente l’invisibilité, le spectre rom qui hante nos sociétés européennes.
Social Networking and Local Controversies
Authors: Bilbil Ebru Tekin
Published: May 2018

Based on the components of new media, this article focuses on the intersection between communication networks and content (media) through personal connections and cable/interactive television. First, it analyzes how connections through social networking as a communication and power maintenance strategy produce rhetorical devices through categorizations, symbols, and metaphors by standing on emotions, suspicions, and threats at the local level. Second, it examines the complex and ubiquitous nature of social networking to elaborate how local market actors create uncertainties and how uncertainties are socially constructed through rhetorical devices. Based on the in-depth interviews and participant observations, this article reveals how sociotechnical controversies are created, formed and shaped with rhetorical devices that produce uncertainties at the local level.
Human rights as a new development paradigm: A think piece on implications for monitoring and evaluation
Authors: Patel Mahesh
Published: May 2018

In the 1960s, development paradigms considered only economic growth. In the 1980s and the 1990s, development paradigms added social development and then human development. This set the tone for the types of goals later embodied in the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. A third change is now taking place. Human Rights Instruments have generally recognised that a modern developed society also needs political processes that are transparent and participatory, good governance, a belief that justice will be served, and requires that all forms of discrimination should be recognised and eliminated.International Human Rights Instruments, such as the Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child require regular reporting on progress to independent monitoring bodies in Geneva. Currently, there is low awareness, and low participation, of evaluators in these reporting processes.This article flags some of the conceptual and operational differences between the human rights approach and a ‘development goals’ approach. In each area of difference, it identifies some of the subjects of analysis that will require evaluators to develop new methods, new allies and even new conceptual frameworks to operate in this new paradigm.
Vaccination contre la maladie de Newcastle au moyen du virus formolé en excipient huileux (Deuxième note)
Authors: Jacotot Henri , Vallée André
Published: May 2018

Le pouvoir immunigène de l’antigène de Newcastle formolé incorporé à l’huile de paraffine est particulièrement élevé et ses effets sont d’une constance remarquable. Une seule injection sous-cutanée de 1 ml aux poulets de trois semaines et de 2 ml aux adultes induit une solide immunité, d’une durée d’au moins trois mois chez les premiers et de plus d’un an chez les seconds. La stabilité de ce vaccin est de plusieurs années à la glacière (4-6°) et de plus d’une année à la température du laboratoire (18-20°). Il est bien toléré par les tissus de la poule qui le résorbent en un petit nombre de semaines, et presque toujours sans constituer de granulome.
Forced migrants: labour market integration and entrepreneurship
Authors: Sak Güven , Kaymaz Timur , Kadkoy Omar , Kenanoglu Murat
Published: May 2018

In 2015, worldwide forced displacement was at its highest recorded level, surpassing 65 million. Out of this number, nearly 20 million people are those who fled their countries of origin to seek refuge in third countries. International responsibility sharing in terms of hosting the historical levels of refugee flows has so far been inadequate. Today, lowerand upper-middle income countries host 65 percent of the world’s refugees, mostly in urban settings. Whereas refugee camps provide access to basic needs such as shelter, food and healthcare, displaced individuals living in urban settings have to sustain their needs through their own means. In turn, this requires access to labor market.
DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO ORÇAMENTO PELA LEGALIDADE, LEGITIMIDADE E ECONOMICIDADE
Authors: Baldo Rafael Antonio
Published: May 2018

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a democratização do orçamento público pelo enfoque da legalidade, da legitimidade e da economicidade, investigando a qualidade da democracia no processo decisório de alocação dos recursos escassos. Baseada no método dedutivo, a pesquisa bibliográfica voltou-se para duas questões centrais na atualidade: de um lado, as transformações do Estado como resultado de sua abertura às pressões da Sociedade e do Mercado; de outro, as alterações do regime democrático por conta da capacidade de o cidadão influir ativamente na gestão pública. Diante dessas mudanças, o orçamento se transforma numa ferramenta de poder que tem a capacidade de interferir na realidade, reforçando sua compreensão como “arena de poder” onde as forças políticas, econômicas e sociais atuam na disputa pelos recursos escassos. Enquanto o mercado instiga a eficiência através do orçamento-programa e do orçamento-desempenho, a sociedade estimula a democracia deliberativa por meio do orçamento-participativo. Ademais, o Poder Legislativo e o Poder Judiciário também interferem na elaboração e na execução do orçamento através das emendas parlamentares e da judicialização das políticas públicas. Ao conciliar essas pressões endógenas e exógenas, a racionalidade tridimensional submete o orçamento público aos testes de conformidade legal, de economicidade e de legitimidade, indicando o grau de qualidade da democracia no planejamento orçamentário em termos de accountability e responsiveness. Depois de realizar esses três testes, o artigo aponta para a inobservância da racionalidade tridimensional, considerando a desvinculação das receitas públicas, a definição genérica dos programas orçamentários e a falta de impositividade do orçamento participativo.
A TRANSPARÊNCIA DA POLÍTICA MONETÁRIA E SUA LIMITAÇÃO AOS OBJETIVOS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Do Amaral Marcelo Quevedo
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de realizar uma breve discussão sobre os instrumentos de transparência, gestão e controle da política monetária e sua adequação a concretização dos objetivos constitucionais. A partir de uma interpretação hermenêutica-jurídica, considerando a transparência e o controle social como elementos indispensáveis a efetividade do ideal democrático e republicano, busca-se analisar as atividades desempenhadas na gestão da política monetária, seus mecanismos de acompanhamento e controle social, assim como a adequação desses instrumentos ao exercício pleno da cidadania e a efetividade do projeto constitucional.
AÇÃO POPULAR POR OMISSÃO LESIVA AO MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL (MORALIDADE) E CONTROLE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: NOVOS HORIZONTES DESVELADOS PELA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO STJ E DO STF NO PARADIGMA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Gagno Luciano Picoli , Couto Camilo José D'Avila
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo tem como foco responder ao questionamento sobre o cabimento de ação popular contra omissão da Administração lesiva a direito fundamental. Para tanto, investiga a possibilidade de se considerarem as omissões lesivas a direitos fundamentais como atos lesivos à moralidade administrativa, já que constituem ilegalidade em sentido amplo e, portanto, divergem do referencial teórico predominante e que orienta pela máxima eficácia dos direitos fundamentais, dentro das possibilidades fáticas e jurídicas existentes. Antes, no entanto, a pesquisa se preocupa em enfrentar questão pertinente ao cabimento da ação popular contra ato omissivo, o que apesar de não constar expressamente no corpo normativo, deflui naturalmente de uma interpretação constitucional sistemática e finalística. Nesse sentido, foi constatado que o STJ admite o uso de ação popular contra omissão da Administração desde a década de 90, preconizando uma compreensão ampliativa do seu cabimento. Constatou-se, ainda, que o STF admite em inúmeras ações civis públicas, o controle jurisdicional de políticas públicas, quando omissa a Administração a ponto de praticar lesão ao mínimo existencial de direito fundamental, resultado que pode ser obtido também por meio da ação popular, se sedimentada a conclusão pelo seu cabimento contra omissão lesiva a direitos fundamentais.
AS PRÁTICAS DE JURIDICIDADE ALTERNATIVA NA AMÉRICA LATINA: ENTRE O REFORMISMO E O IMPULSO DESESTRUTURADOR – UM ALERTA A PARTIR DE STANLEY COHEN
Authors: Da Silva Leal Jackson
Published: May 2018

No presente trabalho se analisa a crise da Justiça Estatal moderna Ocidental burguesa, mais especificamente sobre a crise de legitimidade e operacionalidade do sistema penal enquanto sustentáculo desse paradigma de justiça. Diante disso, aborda-se, em contra, algumas propostas que se propõem como reforma e definidas como ideologia comunitária, que se colocam como politicas alternativas e que se pode analisar em dupla perspectiva teórico-empírica – continuísmo reformista ou mudança transformadora –, e que são levadas a cabo a partir de impulsos que se pode apontar como externos ou de outro lado autóctones. O trabalho, do ponto de vista metodológico, se constitui em reflexão teórica, resultante de uma interface do acumulo teórico proporcionado pela criminologia e a abordagem do pluralismo jurídico. O objetivo do trabalho é aportar questionamentos e avaliar o que se tem denominado de práticas alternativas nas dinâmicas de juridicidade e resolução de conflitos. A importância ou inovação deste trabalho reside em trazer elementos de análise para pensar o que se tem proposto como práticas comunitárias e se efetivamente se apresentam como transformação da organização social. Conclusivamente avalia-se que a região latino-americana processos fragmentários ambivalentes, com projetos verdadeiramente autônomos e transformadores, e também com dinâmicas de reforma que mantém a logica de importação de respostas eurocêntricas e descontextualizadas para problemas propriamente regionais.
POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE SEGURANÇA DILACERADA: O EXEMPLO DA LEI 13491/2017 E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS PENAIS E PROCESSUAIS PENAIS
Authors: Gonçalves Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo
Published: May 2018

Em 13 de outubro de 2017, entrou em vigor a Lei 13.491/2017, justificada pela necessidade de imprimir segurança jurídica às situações de crimes dolosos contra a vida de civis praticados em atividade de policiamento ostensivo por militares federais das forças armadas. Apesar dos vícios de constitucionalidade e de violação às Convenções Internacionais de Direitos Humanos das quais o Brasil é signatário, a Lei encontra-se em vigor e tem produzido uma série de consequências penais e processuais penais cuja estirpe passou despercebida nas discussões que ensejaram a sua posterior edição. Com isso, o texto tem por propósito demonstrar que as políticas públicas na área da segurança são açodadas e equivocadas, priorizam a repressão à prevenção e são inconsequentes quanto à pobreza na discussão e reflexão dos efeitos que produzem. Pontuar os vícios e as consequências penais e processuais penais trazidas pela lei dimensionam a importância e a relevância do texto para futuras práticas governamentais e para orientar juízos de avaliação de (in) constitucionalidade e (in) convencionalidade da lei, o que se fará à luz da vertente metodológica jurídico-teórica e do raciocínio lógico dedutivo.
A PRÁTICA DA MISTANÁSIA NAS PRISÕES FEMININAS BRASILEIRAS ANTE À OMISSÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE E A NEGAÇÃO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Jacob de Menezes Neto Elias , Lima Bezerra Tiago José De Souza
Published: May 2018

Este artigo desenvolve uma análise sobre o direito à saúde nas prisões femininas brasileiras sob a perspectiva da Bioética, através do conceito de mistanásia, neologismo introduzido pelo bioeticista brasileiro Márcio Fabri dos Anjos em 1989. Verifica-se que há poucos estudos que tratam especificamente sobre mulheres encarceradas, e quando se trata sobre o direito à saúde destas mulheres, essa quantidade é ainda menor. As pesquisas existentes demonstram que existe uma colossal omissão estatal em concretizar os direitos sociais nos estabelecimentos prisionais, especialmente quando se trata de mulheres presas. Pretende-se, portanto, analisar a negação do direito à saúde destas mulheres sob a perspectiva da mistanásia. Para tanto, é primordial partir da visão de Ingo Sarlet sobre a dignidade da pessoa humana, conceito-chave para compreender a importância da concretização do direito à saúde, contrapondo-se à teoria da fissão nuclear da dignidade humana, apresentada de forma inédita nesta obra. Conclui-se que o Estado pratica a mistanásia de mulheres presas, provocando a morte social e física através da negação dos direitos fundamentais mais básicos, como o direito à saúde. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, com base na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência do STF. Em especial, recorreu-se ao Portal de Periódicos do CAPES/MEC na busca por artigos e teses em língua estrangeira, especialmente diante da escassez da quantidade de obras que tratam do tema no Brasil.
CALONS: REDEFININDO AS FRONTEIRAS DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DO SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA PENAL
Authors: Silva Phillipe Cupertino Salloum e , Lima Filho Marcos José De Oliveira
Published: May 2018

A persistência do preconceito contra as populações ciganas no Brasil e em outros lugares do mundo, no século XXI, e a possibilidade de redefinição das fronteiras dos direitos humanos indicam a necessidade de se romper com invisibilidade desta questão na esfera acadêmica, assim como no âmbito das políticas públicas. Este trabalho científico pretende, a partir de quatro situações concretas acompanhada pelos autores, refletir o racismo institucionalizado e o sistema de justiça penal, diante da realidade vivenciada pelos ciganos. Objetiva-se, ao mesmo tempo, refletir as teorias críticas descoloniais, aliadas à crítica ao racismo, situando os povos ciganos enquanto sujeitos dos direitos humanos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, esse texto intercala os relatos e a experiência do projeto de extensão “Assessoria Universitária Jurídica Popular, Povos Tradicionais e Direitos Humanos” a uma revisão de bibliografia voltada para a compreensão da realidade brasileira conjuntamente com a questão cigana. Conclui-se que a necessidade de uma análise descolonizadora e crítica sobre o racismo e a questão cigana implica considerar que esse fenômeno social é estruturante para a reprodução do capitalismo. Entretanto, apontar a seletividade do direito penal, as contradições do sistema de justiça e a ineficiência dos direitos humanos em face da questão cigana é uma medida ainda inicial e será limitada, caso não esteja atrelada à organização dos povos ciganos em torno da luta por emancipação humana.
A FORMULAÇÃO DA AGENDA POLÍTICO-CRIMINAL COM BASE NO MODELO DE CIÊNCIA CONJUNTA DO DIREITO PENAL
Authors: Calil Mário Lúcio Garcez , Santos José Eduardo Lourenço dos
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho está vinculado à linha de pesquisa "Construção do Saber Jurídico", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito do UNIVEM, fruto de discussões travadas no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa “Novos direitos, controle social e aspectos criminológicos”. O Estado Democrático de Direito é um Estado interventivo, voltado a resolver problemas sociais. Essas questões têm sido objeto de planos de ação voltados à concretização dos objetivos estatais, aos quais tem-se dado o nome de "políticas públicas". Um dos mais graves problemas é a crescente criminalidade e os fatores que dela derivam. Faz-se necessária uma política pública voltada às questões penais que seja capaz de refletir as demandas relacionadas à criminalidade. O objetivo do presente do trabalho é, por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, estudar construção da política criminal a partir do modelo da "ciência conjunta do direito penal". O trabalho é justificável pela necessidade de se aprimorar dogmática penal, adaptá-la às modificações sociais, de modo efetivá-la na prevenção e no combate à criminalidade sem descuidar-se da vinculação aos direitos humanos. Conclui-se pela necessidade de utilização de um modelo integrado entre as ciências criminais, de modo a aprimorá-las conjuntamente e constantemente.
UMA SALA COR-DE-ROSA: A POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE GÊNERO PREVISTA NA LEI 11.340/2006 NA CIDADE DE PIRAQUARA – PARANÁ
Authors: Sá Priscilla Placha , Sá Jonathan Serpa
Published: May 2018

O artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do critério de decisão institucional para a implementação da política pública de gênero, prevista na Lei 11.340/2006, tendo como vetor de análise a potencialidade do uso do serviço, mensurável a partir das taxas de assassinato de mulheres, como ápice da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. Dentre as políticas públicas previstas em tal legislação, serão consideradas a Delegacia Especializada da Mulher e o Juizado Especial de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher, no recorte geográfico de Piraquara – Paraná, dado o elevado número de mortes de mulheres. Vale-se de análise documental e revisão bibliográfica para apresentar (i) a política pública de gênero, a partir de sua normatização, e (ii) as taxas de assassinato de mulheres. A inexistência de tal política pública em referido locus indica a ruptura entre discurso institucional e sua prática, como também, a ausência de correlação entre potencialidade do uso do serviço e sua efetiva disponibilidade.