bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Novel Hollow Carbon Nanosphere Drug-Loading System in Chemotherapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yi , Xiang Min , Wang Zhong
Published: November 2020

With the continuous improvement of carbon nanotube synthesis and purification technology and the continuous improvement of carbon nanotube dispersion technology, carbon nanotubes have played an increasingly important role in the treatment of malignant tumours. One of the hot spots.
Compared with other carbon nanotube materials, the carbon nanosphere drug loading system is more suitable for loading hydrophobic drugs, and the drug loading capacity is higher than other one-dimensional two-dimensional carbon nano-materials. In addition, carbon nanospheres of a suitable size
are more easily absorbed by tumour cells and can carry a large amount of drugs for transport in the blood. And the pore structure of the carbon nanosphere is adjustable, and the drug release can be controlled by adjusting the pore size, and the pore diameter is generally less than 10 nm to
prevent the drug from being released in advance. Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies in China, and the incidence of esophageal cancer ranks 8th in the world. Palliative chemotherapy is t he main treatment method for patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
Simultaneous chemoradiotherapy has relatively obvious advantages in improving the survival rate of patients. It is of great significance to study the application of carbon nanosphere drug-loading system in chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this study under
the hydrothermal method, which is one of the commonly used methods for the synthesis of hollow carbon nanospheres, carboxymethyl chitosan was used as a carbon precursor, and the targeted drug erlotinib was loaded with carbon nanospheres. A new hollow nano-carbon sphere drug-loading system
(HNCSDLS) was prepared and related characterizations were carried out. At the same time, the morphology, properties, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, bio-distribution, and anti-tumour activity of HNCSDLS were also studied in this study using scanning electron microscopy flow cytometry,
laser confocal, spectrometer, cell proliferation experiment, and in vivo fluorescence imaging experiment Detection. The results of this study indicate that HNCSDLS has high biocom-patibility and stability, can be quickly distributed in the cytoplasm, and avoids lysosomal clearance.
It can effectively deliver erlotinib to the tumour site, extend the drug’s in vivo circulation time, inhibit tumour growth, reduce the toxicity of erlotinib to heart and kidney tissues, and increase its antitumor activity.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Performance of a New Nano-Drug Carrier in the Treatment of Recurrent Oral Ulcerper
Authors: He Yuqi , Xu Zhiqiang , Qiu Zhuwen , Zheng Dechun , Xie Liting
Published: November 2020

Recurrent oral ulcer is a common oral mucosal disease. Due to its periodic and recurrent characteristics, the onset of burning pain is unbearable, which brings great inconvenience to the patient’s life and seriously affects the patient’s quality of life. There are certain
limitations to conventional drug therapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the obvious advantages of nanotechnology such as targeting, controlled release, biocompatibility is obviously shown. The combination of nanotechnology and medical research has led to the emergence of polymer
nanoparticles and ligands. Nano-drugs for gene therapy, and many other new nano-drug carriers, polymer micelle is a new type of nano drug carrier that has appeared in recent years. It has both a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core, and has a variety of excellent properties, such as higher
stability in vivo and in vitro, and poorly soluble drugs. In this paper, a new method for treating recurrent oral ulcers based on a new nano-drug carrier was studied. Because of the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of oral cell surface proteins, the research progress of nanopharmaceutical
carrier in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers is reviewed. The experimental results show that the method has good reproducibility and high efficiency in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers. It is used to explore the application and progress of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment
of recurrent oral ulcers, and to provide new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of recurrent oral ulcers. This new technical method has wide practical application value.
Study of Fe3O4-PPy Core-Shell Nanocomposite in the Diagnosis of Tumor Markers in the Tissues of Early Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Wu Jiang , Wu Tao , Chen Peng , Pang Lan , Li Mu Jiang A Bu Du Re He Man-A , Zhu Yonghe , Bao Hui , Ma Xiuying
Published: November 2020

In order to study Fe3O4-Polypyrrole (Fe3O4-PPy) core-shell nanocomposite in the diagnosis of tumor markers in the diseased gastric tissues of early cancer patients, a total of 160 cases of patients, who were confirmed as early gastric cancer
by gastroscopy or postoperative pathology at a designated hospital of the study from December 2014 to December 2018, were selected as research objects and were divided into two groups of observation and control group with 80 cases in each group. For each patient in the two groups, two pieces
of diseased gastric tissue were firstly taken through gastroscopy; then the observation group applied Fe3O4-PPy with the particle diameter of 150-350 nm as carrier to detect the contents of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen
242 (CA242), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) in the diseased gastric tissue, while the control group directly detected the contents of corresponding tumor markers; after the detections, the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of each marker
in the two groups of patients were calculated, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with the areas under the curves (AUC) were drawn to analyze the correlation between the level of Fe3O4-PPy and the detection efficiency of gastric cancer markers. The results
show that the detection sensitivity (82.17%, 80.32%, 79.48%, 84.63%, and 85.66%) and specificity (76.75%, 79.66%, 81.07%, 83.47%, and 85.24%) of CA19-9, AFP, CA242, CEA, and CA72-4 in the tumor tissue of patients in observation group for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer are higherthan
the sensitivity (78.66%, 79.25%, 76.18%, 82.11%, and 83.45%) and specificity (74.37%, 76.94%, 77.24%, 81.22%, and 81.59%) of that in control group with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Therefore, it is believed that the Fe3O4-PPy is of great
significance for the detection of early gastric tumor markers in the tissues of patients with early gastric cancer, and has certain value for the auxiliary diagnosis of early gastric cancer and the observation of therapeutic effects. This study results provide a reference for the further researches
of Fe3O4-PPy in the diagnosis of tumor markers in patients with early gastric cancer.
Study on the Performance of Titanium Materials Based on Nano Silver Particles in Orthodontic Healing
Authors: Yan Weijun , Shao Ping
Published: November 2020

Nanomaterials are used as a new type of antibacterial agent in clinical medical research projects due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In this study, silane coupling method was used to coat nano-silver particles on titanium sheets to make the smooth titanium surface
have antibacterial properties. Scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology of silane coupling modified titanium plate, the shape and size of nano-silver particles, and the adhesion on titanium plate; X-ray energy spectroscopy and line scan analysis of each element on the
titanium wafer; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy quantitative analysis of surface elements on the titanium wafer. The experimental group was nano-silver modified titanium sheet, and the control group was smooth titanium sheet. The experimental results show that the titanium material loaded
with nano-silver particles has better antibacterial performance in the orthodontic process than ordinary materials. This material is highly safe and can be promoted for use.
Compare the Effects of Magnolol on Gastric Cancer Cells Through c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway and Gold Magnetic
Authors: Chen Yu , He Xiuyun , Feng Dagang , Li Shijie
Published: November 2020

This article explores the effects and mechanisms of magnolol on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells as well as the apoptosis. First, 0 (control group), 20, 40, and 80 /x mol/L magnolol were observed on SGC-7901 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. We use MTT method to measure the
cell viability, and apoptosis and cells were detected by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis and cell cycle experiments showed that P-value < 0.05 means the difference is statistically significant. And the results which compare the control group, the 20,
40, and 80 /x mol/L show that honokiol had lower cell viability (P < 0.01), increased apoptotic rate (P < 0.01), and cell cycle stay in the G1 phase (P < 0.01), so we found that honokiol may suppress the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and stimulate apoptosis
by regulating cyclin and apoptosis-related proteins. With the development of nanomaterials synthesis technology and application in biomedicine, gold magnetic composite nanomaterials have unique properties, so they have been widely concerned in many applications. We combine gold and magnetic
nanomaterials through other nanostructures to achieve the integration of diagnosis and treatment of tumors. We have synthesized two kinds of gold magnetic nanocomposites, GNR-PPy-FA nanocomposites. With the role of chemotherapy and heat and light therapy, GNR-PPy-FA nanocomposites have high
light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Cell experiments verify the effect of chemotherapy and photothermal treatment of composite nanomaterials. After incubation with gold magnetic composite nanomaterials, the cell survival rate of tumor cells decreased to about 15%. In addition, both types
of gold magnetic nanocomposites have the ability to dually target cancer cells, and the modification of folic acid and cancer cell membranes makes the material more biocompatible.
Effect of Fe3O4 Nanomaterial-Based MRI on the Efficacy of One-Sided Butterfly Sinus Lesions in the Nose
Authors: Wu Shanying , Cheng Yongshan , Chen Yongbao , Ju Zhongqiu , Xue Xue , Kong Xiangbin
Published: November 2020

Fe3O4 materials have many crystal forms, and the morphology of their nanomaterials is more diverse. Under the influence of nano-effects, they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. The synthesized Fe3O4 materials with different morphologies
have different properties. They are widely used in related fields such as electromagnetics, chemical engineering, catalysis, sensors, acoustics, medicine, environmental protection and so on. Choosing the appropriate contrast agent to display the anatomical characteristics of diseased and normal
tissue is an important thing before using MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technology. At present, Gd-DTPA is a commonly used magnetic contrast agent in clinical practice, but Gd-DTPA has obvious shortcomings, such as short circulation time, non-specific distribution, and high price. In comparison,
the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals have a high specific distribution in living tissues, mainly concentrated in reticular endothelial cells-rich tissues and organs, such as liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. This study analyzed the imaging characteristics of 21 patients
with unilateral benign sphenoid sinus disease who were confirmed by nasal endoscopic surgery and postoperative pathology. Among the 21 patients with unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions, 7 cases of them had cysts. Those with altered sphenoid sinus cavity expansion may be accompanied by
thinning of bone resorption. MRI manifested as long T1 and long T2 irregular spherical signal shadows. 8 cases of them are fungal lesions. MRI showed mixed signals are in the sphenoid sinus, the flaky exudation showed a high signal, and the fungal nodule
showed a low T2WI signal. In the 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, MRI showed a line between the high-signal shadow of the cerebrospinal fluid and the high-signal liquid shadow in the sinuses. High signal and shadow are connected, and other tissues (brain tissue,
nasal mucosa) show low signal. Fe3O4-based MRI technology can improve imaging quality and diagnostic efficiency.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Yao Ming , Jin Mei , Guo Haoyou
Published: November 2020

Due to its high stability and excellent performance, inorganic nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the research of disease diagnosis and treatment. Focusing on inorganic nanomaterials, high-temperature pyrolysis has been used to successfully prepare Fe3O4
nanoparticles with different particle sizes. The diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease have advanced, and many new diagnostic methods have been adopted clinically. In this paper, Fe3O4 nanoparticle magnetic resonance imaging technology is used to explore
the application of magnetic Fe3O4 inorganic nanomaterials in cerebrovascular diseases in vivo. The results show that SWI has higher sensitivity and semi-quantitative advantages than traditional T2WI imaging technology. With different critical SWI concentrations,
this article lays the experimental foundation for the clinical progress of inorganic nanomaterials and plays an important role in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
Study on the Effect of Composite Nanoparticles on Corneal Epithelial Cell Immune Mechanism Based on Dectin-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Ming , Liu Juan
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the role of composite nanoparticles in the immune stage, we observed the expression of R-1 in anti-mycotic infection of human corneal epithelial cells, and divided the experiment into control group, fungal stimulation group, Gw507 blocking group and Dectin-1.
In the inhibitor group, the immune effect of human corneal epithelial cells was studied. Subsequently, the expression of total R-1 and phosphorylated form of p-R-1 in each experimental group was detected by western blot method. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression
of factors IL-6 and IL-8. We concluded that p-R-1 was slightly expressed in the control group. After 15 minutes of fungal stimulation, the expression level in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the blank group, and the difference was statistically significant (p
< 0.05). In the blocking group of two different inhibitors, the expression of p-R-1 was lower than that in the fungal stimulation experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, R-1 is expressed in corneal epithelial cells and the fungus
exerts its antifungal effect through the Dectin-1 signaling pathway.
Application of Multi-Modal Imaging Mediated by Iron Carbon Nanoparticles Based on Reinforcement Learning in the Diagnosis of Breast Nodules
Authors: Zeng Yanni , Zhang Jiuxia , Meng Jun
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer has become the first malignant tumor in women. Early detection and early treatment are the key to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The key to the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer lies in the qualitative differential diagnosis of breast nodules.
With the rapid development of MRI technology, especially the application of high field strength and ultra-high field strength, the role of breast MRI is increasingly prominent. MRI has the advantages of safety, no ionizing radiation, high resolution of soft tissue, high sensitivity and specificity
for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Multimodal imaging based on reinforcement learning and iron carbon nanoparticles plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast nodules. This paper first discusses the application of iron carbon nanoparticles and breast MRI multimodal imaging technology
in tumor treatment, and then studies the application of iron carbon nanoparticles mediated multimodal imaging in the diagnosis of breast nodules through experimental methods. The experimental results show that multimodal imaging has a good effect in the diagnosis of breast nodules, which is
helpful for the prevention and treatment of breast nodules.
Effect of Montelukast Sodium and Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials on Mouse Asthma Model
Authors: Du Chunhua , Zhang Qi , Wang Lina , Wang Mei , Li Jinfeng , Zhao Qian
Published: November 2020

Because some asthma patients have different types of inflammatory cells in their bodies, they cannot get relief with traditional drugs. However, the nano drug delivery system can realize efficient drug delivery, inflammatory cells and intracellular targeting, and the apoptosis of inflammatory
cells. This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the effects of montelukast sodium combined with graphene oxide nanomaterials on improving the clinical symptoms and airway inflammation of children with bronchial asthma, with a view to further improving the clinical treatment of children
with bronchial asthma. The results show that montelukast sodium can improve lung function in patients with asthma, and also has important effects such as anti-inflammatory and regulating immune function. After exposure to graphene oxide, the level of oxidative stress in mice increased with
brightness and humidity, demonstrating the role of T oxidative stress in the development of asthma. In addition, nanocarriers assist co-loaded drugs to deepen and enrich the pulmonary inflammation site, further achieving effective mitochondrial targeted drug delivery, thereby enhancing the
inhibitory effect of anti-apoptotic proteins, leading to inflammatory cell apoptosis.
Temporal Variations in Rainfall Volume in the Southwest of Western Australia
Authors: Philip P. , Yu B.
Published: November 2020

Rainfall in the southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) has decreased significantly over recent decades. Previous studies documented this decrease in terms of the change in rainfall depth or decrease in the frequency of rainfall events for selected sites. Although rainfall volume is of vital importance to determine water resources availability for a given region, no study has yet been undertaken to examine the change in rainfall volume in SWWA. The aim of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal changes in rainfall volume and to attribute this change to the changes in wet area and rainfall depth. Gridded daily rainfall data at 0.05° resolution for the period from 1911 to 2018 were used for an area of 265 952 km2 in SWWA. For the whole region and most zones, rainfall volume decreased, which was mostly due to a decrease in the wet area, despite an increase in the mean rain depth. In the regions near the coast with mean annual rainfall ≥ 600 mm, 84% of the decrease in rainfall volume could be attributed to a decrease in the wet area, whereas the decrease in rainfall depth only played a minor role. The regions near the coast with a higher number of rain days showed a decreasing trend in wet area, and the regions farther inland with a lower number of rain days showed an increasing trend in wet area. On the coast, the rate of decrease in rainfall has been reduced, and heavy rainfall, in fact, has increased over the past 30 years, although there was no concurrent change in the southern annular mode (SAM). This suggests that the relationship between SAM and rainfall could have changed and that other climate drivers could also be responsible for the recent rainfall trend and variations in the coastal regions of SWWA.
Evaluation of Global Reanalysis Land Surface Wind Speed Trends to Support Wind Energy Development Using In Situ Observations
Authors: Fan Wenxin , Liu Yi , Chappell Adrian , Dong Li , Xu Rongrong , Ekström Marie , Fu Tzung-May , Zeng Zhenzhong
Published: November 2020

Global reanalysis products are important tools across disciplines to study past meteorological changes and are especially useful for wind energy resource evaluations. Studies of observed wind speed show that land surface wind speed declined globally since the 1960s (known as global terrestrial stilling) but reversed with a turning point around 2010. Whether the declining trend and the turning point have been captured by reanalysis products remains unknown so far. To fill this research gap, a systematic assessment of climatological winds and trends in five reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and CFSv2) was conducted by comparing gridcell time series of 10-m wind speed with observational data from 1439 in situ meteorological stations for the period 1989–2018. Overall, ERA5 is the closest to the observations according to the evaluation of climatological winds. However, substantial discrepancies were found between observations and simulated wind speeds. No reanalysis product showed similar change to that of the global observations, although some showed regional agreement. This discrepancy between observed and reanalysis land surface wind speed indicates the need for prudence when using reanalysis products for the evaluation and prediction of winds. The possible reasons for the inconsistent wind speed trends between reanalysis products and observations are analyzed. The results show that wind energy production should select different products for different regions to minimize the discrepancy with observations.
The Impact of Initial Snow Conditions on the Numerical Weather Simulation of a Northern Rockies Atmospheric River
Authors: Rudisill William , Flores Alejandro , McNamara James
Published: November 2020

Snow’s thermal and radiative properties strongly impact the land surface energy balance and thus the atmosphere above it. Land surface snow information is poorly known in mountainous regions. Few studies have examined the impact of initial land surface snow conditions in high-resolution, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction models during the midlatitude cool season. The extent to which land surface snow influences atmospheric energy transport and subsequent surface meteorological states is tested using a high-resolution (1 km) configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, for both calm conditions and weather characteristic of a warm late March atmospheric river. A set of synthetic but realistic snow states are used as initial conditions for the model runs and the resulting differences are compared. We find that the presence (absence) of snow decreases (increases) 2-m air temperatures by as much as 4 K during both periods, and that the atmosphere responds to snow perturbations through advection of moist static energy from neighboring regions. Snow mass and snow-covered area are both important variables that influence 2-m air temperature. Finally, the meteorological states produced from the WRF experiments are used to force an offline hydrologic model, demonstrating that snowmelt rates can increase/decrease by factor of 2 depending on the initial snow conditions used in the parent weather model. We propose that more realistic representations of land surface snow properties in mesoscale models may be a source of hydrometeorological predictability
Studying Friendship in Housing the MIT School of Architecture at MIT in the Postwar Years
Authors: Borrman Kristina
Published: November 2020

The architect Burnham Kelly hired social scientist Leon Festinger to analyze friendship among residents living in veteran housing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1946. Festinger accomplished this by linking friendship to mundane social events—such as neighbors chatting in common courtyards—and he attributed these events to the subtle but meaningful ways that architecture organized people in space. In studying social relations between neighbors, Festinger wondered if class or racial attitudes played a role in whether or not tenants became friends. Festinger framed his housing study in apolitical terms, but his research provided a methodological framework for later analyses of desegregated public housing that had major political consequences. These studies of racially integrated housing found their way into the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education, where they provided evidence for the plaintiff’s claim that desegregation could be accomplished peacefully.
What Are Visual Illusions?*
Authors: Todorović Dejan
Published: November 2020

Visual illusions have been a popular topic of study for a long time, but in recent years, a number of authors have questioned the coherence of this notion. This article deals in depth with ways in which illusions have been, could be, and should be defined and with various criticisms and different conceptions of the notion of illusions. After a review of definitions of illusions in the relevant literature, a more comprehensive but also more restrictive framework is presented, involving both veridicality and illusoriness, and is illustrated using two variants of a 2 × 2 scheme for the presentation of illusions. Many different aspects of illusions are discussed. A set of criteria for illusionhood is listed. Criticisms of the notion of illusions are presented, commented upon, and responded to. Conceptions of illusions differing from the one advocated here are discussed. Throughout the paper, novel variations of illusions are shown, and problems with accounts of some well-known illusions are noted. Examples of strong context effects which are not considered to be illusions are presented. It is concluded that the notion of visual illusions, suitably reformulated, is still viable.
Ensembled liver cancer detection and classification using CT images
Authors: Krishan Abhay , Mittal Deepti
Published: November 2020

Computed tomography (CT) images are commonly used to diagnose liver disease. It is sometimes very difficult to comment on the type, category and level of the tumor, even for experienced radiologists, directly from the CT image, due to the varying intensities. In recent years, it has been important to design and develop computer-assisted imaging techniques to help doctors/physicians improve their diagnosis. The proposed work is to detect the presence of a tumor region in the liver and classify the different stages of the tumor from CT images. CT images of the liver have been classified between normal and tumor classes. In addition, CT images of the tumor have been classified between Hepato Cellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Metastases (MET). The performance of six different classifiers was evaluated on different parameters. The accuracy achieved for different classifiers varies between 98.39% and 100% for tumor identification and between 76.38% and 87.01% for tumor classification. To further, improve performance, a multi-level ensemble model is developed to detect a tumor (liver cancer) and to classify between HCC and MET using features extracted from CT images. The k-fold cross-validation (CV) is also used to justify the robustness of the classifiers. Compared to the individual classifier, the multi-level ensemble model achieved high accuracy in both the detection and classification of different tumors. This study demonstrates automated tumor characterization based on liver CT images and will assist the radiologist in detecting and classifying different types of tumors at a very early stage.
Why Facts Are Not Enough: Understanding and Managing the Motivated Rejection of Science
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J.
Published: November 2020

Efforts to change the attitudes of creationists, antivaccination advocates, and climate skeptics by simply providing evidence have had limited success. Motivated reasoning helps make sense of this communication challenge: If people are motivated to hold a scientifically unorthodox belief, they selectively interpret evidence to reinforce their preferred position. In the current article, I summarize research on six psychological roots from which science-skeptical attitudes grow: (a) ideologies, (b) vested interests, (c) conspiracist worldviews, (d) fears and phobias, (e) personal-identity expression, and (f) social-identity needs. The case is made that effective science communication relies on understanding and attending to these underlying motivations.
How Can Cognitive-Science Research Help Improve Education? The Case of Comparing Multiple Strategies to Improve Mathematics Learning and Teaching
Authors: Rittle-Johnson Bethany , Star Jon R. , Durkin Kelley
Published: November 2020

The current article focuses on efforts to understand how a basic learning process—comparison—can be harnessed to improve learning, especially mathematics learning in schools. To harness the power of comparison in instruction, we must investigate three core decisions: what, when, and how to compare. Comparing different strategies for solving the same problem or easily confusable problem types is particularly effective for supporting mathematics learning. Comparing examples early in the learning process can be challenging, but delaying comparison can reduce procedural flexibility. Indeed, comparison is resource demanding, so it is more impactful when carefully supported (e.g., side-by-side visual presentation, explanation prompts). To bridge from research to practice, we communicated research findings to teachers and policymakers and developed curricular materials, instructional routines, and professional-development materials to help math teachers leverage these learning processes. We conclude this review with key open questions.
Management of Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery: Observational Study and Development of a Standardized Protocol
Authors: Bruggmann Christel , Astaneh Mahdieh , Lu Henri , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Ltaief Zied , Voirol Pierre , Sadeghipour Farshid
Published: November 2020

Background

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication occurring after cardiac surgery. Guidelines for the management of this complication are scarce, often resulting in differences in treatment strategy use among patients.

Objective

To evaluate the management of POAF in a cardiac surgery department, characterize the extent of its variability, and develop a standardized protocol.

Methods

This was an observational retrospective study with data from patients who underwent cardiac surgeries with subsequent POAF between January 1, 2017, and June 1, 2018. We assessed the difference in the proportions of patients whose first POAF episodes were treated with a rate control (RaC) strategy, a rhythm control (RhC) strategy, and both among different hospital units. We also assessed the mean duration of POAF episodes, POAF recurrences, and the management of anticoagulation.

Results

Data from 97 patients were included in this study. The POAF management strategy differed significantly among the 3 types of hospital units ( P = 0.001). Considering all POAF episodes (including all recurrences), 83 of the 97 patients (85.6%) received amiodarone as part of the RhC strategy. Anticoagulation was used in 58 (59.8%) patients and was suboptimal according to the study criteria in 29.5% of the patients included. Based on these results, a hospital working group developed a standardized protocol for POAF management.

Conclusions and Relevance

POAF management was heterogeneous at our institution. This article highlights the need for clear practice guidelines based on large prospective studies to provide care according to best practices.
Translation and Psychometric Validation of the German Version of the Family Nursing Practice Scale (FNPS)
Authors: Naef Rahel , Ernst Jutta , Müeller Marianne , Schmid-Mohler Gabriela
Published: November 2020

This article describes the cross-cultural adaption and psychometric testing of the Family Nursing Practice Scale (FNPS) German version. The FNPS aims to examine self-reported family nursing practice skills and reciprocity in the nurse–family relationship. Using a cross-sectional design, 583 acute and critical care nurses were invited to complete the FNPS German version. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the structural validity. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. A total of 317 nurses returned a completed online questionnaire. Principal axis factor analysis suggests a one-factor solution in which all 10 items are retained, accounting for 36% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha was .84. In contrast to the original version, our findings indicate the unidimensionality of the construct. The FNPS German version appears to be a valid and reliable scale to assess nurses’ perception of their family nursing practice proficiency. Further testing is needed to confirm the unidimensionality and to establish test–retest reliability.
A Look Back: A Commentary
Authors: Puglisi Gemma
Published: November 2020

An assistant professor and native Washingtonian looks back at the l970s and the impact of Watergate, Nixon, women in journalism and academia, and how some things have changed and how some things remain the same. The essay also examines what the AEJMC Journal was talking about during this period and what was on the minds of educators.
Toward a Theorization of Student Journalism Collaboration in International Curricula
Authors: Middleweek Belinda , Mutsvairo Bruce , Attard Monica
Published: November 2020

Adopting an international approach to journalism pedagogy, this study reports on the findings of a Global Journalism Collaboration Project involving 267 undergraduate and postgraduate students from Germany, Italy, Kenya, Uganda, Romania, Colombia, and Australia. Over 6 weeks in 2019, students collaborated to produce multimedia news stories on current issues. Using student survey results and written evaluation assessments, we report on the benefits and challenges of international student journalism collaboration. The most significant challenge was differential access to information communication technologies (ICTs) among African partner countries and, using empirical data, we offer a set of “guardrails” for future international student journalism collaboration projects.
An Analysis of Discussions on Academic Dishonesty in Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, Volumes 1 Through 74
Authors: Auger Giselle A. , Waters Richard D.
Published: November 2020

Research has shown that professionals who act unethically in the workplace likely have an academic background with academic dishonesty violations. Given that understanding and teaching academic honesty behaviors are critical to best prepare future media professionals, this research examines discussions of academic dishonesty in Journalism & Mass Communication Educator’s ( JMCE) 74 volumes to understand what topics emerge as guiding the discussion. Through a qualitative content analysis using emergent design, 14 JMCE articles are compared with 53 Communication and Mass Media Complete database articles to identify trends and needs for future research of the topic.
The Evolution of Research in Journalism and Communication: An Analysis of Scholarly CIOS-Indexed Journals From 1915 to Present
Authors: Atkin David J. , Lagoe Carolyn , Stephen Timothy D. , Krishnan Archana
Published: November 2020

Assessments of programmatic research remain important in the current higher education landscape, as the field of Journalism & Mass Communication (JMC) enters its second century. This study profiles scholarly productivity across the larger discipline’s first century, focusing on scholarly output for institutions in referred journals indexed by the Communication Institute for Online Scholarship (CIOS) database since 1915. The 30 most prolific scholars all have at least a decade of experience and typically publish with a coauthor. All but four of the 30 most prolific units grant doctoral degrees. Implications of converging research areas wrought by emerging digital media—and their erasure of the field’s sub-domains—are discussed.
Implanted blood vessel external support device (VasQ™) for creation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula: A single-center experience
Authors: Leonardi Gianluca , Campagna Marco , Pellicanò Vincenzo , Guarena Cesare , Bergamo Daniela , Lavacca Antonio , Fop Fabrizio , Biancone Luigi
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

the external support device VasQ is intended to promote arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation by maintaining the optimal anastomotic angle in order to minimize blood flow disturbances around the anastomotic area. The aim of the study is to assess efficacy and safety of the VasQ device both in brachiocephalic and radiocephalic fistulae.

Methods:

a single institution prospective study was conducted with implantation of the VasQ device during AVF creation. Clinical and Doppler ultrasounds evaluations were performed at day-1, 1, 6, and 12 months for assessment of device-related adverse events, AVF maturation and patency. Moreover, volume flow rate and diameter of outflow vein were measured. A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Ten brachiocephalic and 6 radiocephalic AVFs were created with VasQ. Preoperatively cephalic vein diameter was 3.6 ± 0.9 mm.

Results:

our population included 13 male and 3 females patients, 9 end stage kidney disease in conservative therapy, 4 dialysis treated patients, and 3 transplanted patients; mean age was 74.0 ± 8.1 years; no severe device-related adverse events were observed. Primary patency at 1, 6, and 12 months was 100%, 87.5%, and 67.7%, respectively, while secondary patency was 100%, 100%, and 78.3%, respectively. Comparing brachiocephalic to radiocephalic AVFs no significant differences in patency rates were seen. Overall maturation rate was 94% (15/16). Mean vein diameter measured with Doppler ultrasound at postoperative day-1 and at 1, 6, and 12 months was 5.0 ± 1.0, 5.9 ± 0.9, 7.2 ± 1.6, and 7.9 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, with a mean flow rate at the brachial artery of 841 ± 176, 1052 ± 224, 1261 ± 490, and 1348 ± 477 ml/min, respectively.

Conclusions:

in our limited experience VasQ was safe, with high maturation and patency rates. Positive results suggest a potential benefit for VasQ in AVF.
Telephone surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a helpful diagnostic tool for detecting acute pulmonary exacerbations in children with chronic lung disease?
Authors: Ozsezen Beste , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Tural Dilber A , Sunman Birce , Buyuksahin Halime N , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The global burden of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic on the healthcare system, as well as the high transmission risk of coronavirus disease has led to the use of alternative strategies for evaluation of children with chronic conditions. In this context, telemedicine has become the effective and affordable choice. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of telephone visits to determine pulmonary exacerbations and hospitalization rates of children with cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease.

Methods

A total of 119 children with cystic fibrosis or interstitial lung disease were enrolled and provided cases in which telephone visits were applied during the peak time of the coronavirus disease pandemic in our country. The recordings of respiratory, gastrointestinal and other symptoms, nutrition status, rate of acute pulmonary exacerbation, treatments initiated by telephone visits, referral to hospital and hospitalization were established from the electronic health reports of the patients.

Results

Thirteen patients (10.9%) were symptomatic, 12 of them (10%) were diagnosed with acute pulmonary exacerbation. One patient was diagnosed with peripheral facial paralysis. Nine patients were recalled to the hospital and seven patients (5.8%) were hospitalised.

Discussion

Using telemedicine the health status of patients can be defined, and patients can be guided on proper healthcare that they need, especially during the times of pandemics which we are facing. Communication with patients while minimising the risk of exposure to coronavirus disease is an important advantage of telemedicine. Telemedicine will have to be implemented on our daily medical practice in the near future.
Movement Quality: A Novel Biomarker Based on Principles of Neuroscience
Authors: Solnik Stanislaw , Furmanek Mariusz P. , Piscitelli Daniele
Published: November 2020

A major problem in neurorehabilitation is the lack of objective outcomes to measure movement quality. Movement quality features, such as coordination and stability, are essential for everyday motor actions. These features allow reacting to continuously changing environment or to resist external perturbations. Neurological disorders affect movement quality, leading to functionally impaired movements. Recent findings suggest that the central nervous system organizes motor elements (eg, muscles, joints, fingers) into task-specific ensembles to stabilize motor tasks performance. A method to quantify this feature has been previously developed based on the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis. UCM quantifies movement quality in a spatial-temporal domain using intertrial analysis of covariation between motor elements. In this point-of-view article, we first describe major obstacles (eg, the need for group analysis) that interfere with UCM application in clinical settings. Then, we propose a process of quantifying movement quality for a single individual with a novel use of bootstrapping simulations and UCM analysis. Finally, we reanalyze previously published data from individuals with neurological disorders performing a wide range of motor tasks, that is, multi-digit pressing and postural balance tasks. Our method allows one to assess motor quality impairments in a single individual and to detect clinically important motor behavior changes. Our solution may be incorporated into a clinical setting to assess sensorimotor impairments, evaluate the effects of specific neurological treatments, or track movement quality recovery over time. We also recommended the proposed solution to be used jointly with a typical statistical analysis of UCM parameters in cohort studies.
Dynamic characteristics of mistuned bladed disk system under rub-impact force
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhao Tianyu , Zhang Hongyuan , Pan Honggang , Yuan Huiqun
Published: November 2020

In order to study the rubbing of the mistuned bladed disk system with variable thickness blades, an elastically supported shaft-variable thickness blades coupled finite element model is established in this paper. A new rubbing force model is proposed considering the variable thickness section characteristics and rotation effect of the variable thickness blade. A method of mistuned parameter identification is introduced which consists of static frequency testing of blades, dichotomy, and finite element analysis. Based on the finite element method, the mistuned bladed disk system is made dynamic analysis in full rubbing by applying the judgment load method. The dynamic response of the mistuned bladed disk system is discussed under different conditions. The results show that increasing the amount of mistuning will increase the system vibration. At high speeds, the impact force will be partially offset by centrifugal force. And the rubbing gap affects the form of rubbing. With the gap decreases, the system will change from intermittent rubbing to continuous rubbing. In addition, when the system is rubbed, due to energy dissipation and blade damping, the stress is transferred from the blade tip to the blade root and attenuated. In general, rubbing is a random complex nonlinear vibration process.
What You Seek Is Who You Are: An Applied Spatial Model of Newspapers’ Ideological Slant
Authors: Curini Luigi
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the news media landscape has been characterized by two distinct patterns: a decline in newspaper circulation, and a persistent degree of ideological slant in newspapers’ position. We explore a possible nexus between these two phenomena by means of a model that extends some recent developments in the empirical spatial theory of voting to the reader’s choice with respect to newspapers. We assume that ideological proximity to a newspaper affects the choice made by a consumer to read it. Newspapers will then compete among themselves to maximize their respective readerships by finding an optimal placement in the ideological space. However, newspapers can also decide to target readers of a specific type. As we will show, this is a crucial step to take into consideration. We empirically apply our model to the Italian case. We show that Italian newspapers appear largely to behave as theoretically expected. However, the “ideological force” behind this conclusion must be sought in newspapers’ competition with respect to that subset of readers which can be identified as regular ones. This result highlights a possible mechanism driving a persistent newspaper ideological slant in time of lower newspaper circulation.
Venous Stent Migrating to the Right Heart Causing Severe Regurgitation
Authors: Khalid Mazin O. , Moskovits Norbert , Frankel Robert A. , Moskovits Manfred , Saunders Paul C. , Jacobowitz Israel J. , Ribakove Greg H. , Shani Jacob
Published: November 2020

Venous stent migration to the cardiopulmonary system is a rare but serious complication. Cardiopulmonary involvement has various presentations such as valvulopathy, acute heart failure, arrhythmias, endocarditis, and tamponade. The presenting symptoms depend on the eventual location of the stent in the heart or lungs, size of the stent, and valve involvement. Extracardiac dislodgement can be managed by catheter-directed extraction or proper deployment within the containing vessel or surgical extraction. Intracardiac stents may require open surgery to prevent life-threatening complications. We present an asymptomatic patient with stent migration that lead to severe tricuspid regurgitation and required tricuspid valve replacement
Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Vohs and Schooler (2008), Experiment 1
Authors: Buttrick Nicholas R. , Aczel Balazs , Aeschbach Lena F. , Bakos Bence E. , Brühlmann Florian , Claypool Heather M. , Hüffmeier Joachim , Kovacs Marton , Schuepfer Kurt , Szecsi Peter , Szuts Attila , Szöke Orsolya , Thomae Manuela , Torka Ann-Kathrin , Walker Ryan J. , Wood Michael J.
Published: November 2020

Does convincing people that free will is an illusion reduce their sense of personal responsibility? Vohs and Schooler (2008) found that participants reading from a passage “debunking” free will cheated more on experimental tasks than did those reading from a control passage, an effect mediated by decreased belief in free will. However, this finding was not replicated by Embley, Johnson, and Giner-Sorolla (2015), who found that reading arguments against free will had no effect on cheating in their sample. The present study investigated whether hard-to-understand arguments against free will and a low-reliability measure of free-will beliefs account for Embley et al.’s failure to replicate Vohs and Schooler’s results. Participants ( N = 621) were randomly assigned to participate in either a close replication of Vohs and Schooler’s Experiment 1 based on the materials of Embley et al. or a revised protocol, which used an easier-to-understand free-will-belief manipulation and an improved instrument to measure free will. We found that the revisions did not matter. Although the revised measure of belief in free will had better reliability than the original measure, an analysis of the data from the two protocols combined indicated that free-will beliefs were unchanged by the manipulations, d = 0.064, 95% confidence interval = [−0.087, 0.22], and in the focal test, there were no differences in cheating behavior between conditions, d = 0.076, 95% CI = [−0.082, 0.22]. We found that expressed free-will beliefs did not mediate the link between the free-will-belief manipulation and cheating, and in exploratory follow-up analyses, we found that participants expressing lower beliefs in free will were not more likely to cheat in our task.