bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfoque axiológico en la Educación Superior mediante la interacción de los estudiantes en el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje
Authors: Prado Ortega Mauricio Xavier
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo se circunscribe en el marco de la educación superior, analizando el entorno virtual de aprendizaje en la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad Técnica de Machala como primer centro universitario de la Provincia de El Oro, la cual se encuentra inmersa dentro de este proceso sistémico que es el avance tecnológico y también social. La metodología utilizada se enmarca en un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo) para lo cual se aplicó como técnica de recolección de datos un cuestionario en línea a un número de población de doscientos estudiantes de trece carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales del periodo académico 2019-2. El estudio evidencia que los estudiantes se han acoplado al uso de los recursos y actividades del Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje basado en la plataforma Moodle como parte de su formación académica. Sin embargo, muchos estudiantes no interactúan correctamente respetando las normas de la virtualidad puesto que aún existe una ausencia de controles que no proporcionan autenticidad del usuario mediante el soporte de cámaras, la presentación tardía de tareas y evaluaciones que suelen ser propensas a la divulgación de los cuestionarios por medio de las redes sociales y dispositivos móviles. Aunque existan una serie de parámetros y rubricas para las calificaciones, se denota una pérdida de valores personales. El tema de la axiología en la educación resulta ser interesante, los docentes se encuentran interesados en identificar los aspectos a mejorar ante el comportamiento de los estudiantes frente al aprendizaje virtual, pues la tarea de la Universidad Técnica de Machala es formar en valores a los futuros profesionales en el Modelo Educativo Integrador Desarrollador adoptado desde el año 2016.
Modernisation of Higher Education – Willful Action or Wishful Thinking? The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Blagoeva Elena
Published: January 2021

The impact of the last global economic crisis (2008) on the European economy put a strain on higher education (HE), yet it also pushed the sector towards intensive reforms and improvements. This paper focuses on the “Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in the Republic of Bulgaria 2014-2020”. With a case study methodology, we explore the strategic endeavours of the Bulgarian government to comply with the European directions and to secure sustainable growth for the HE sector. Our research question is ‘How capable is the Bulgarian HE Strategy to overcome the economic and systemic restraints of Bulgarian higher education?’. Because the development of strategies for HE within the EU is highly contextual, a single qualitative case study was chosen as the research approach. HE institutions are not ivory towers, but subjects to a variety of external and internal forces. Within the EU, this is obviated by the fact that Universities obtain their funds from institutions such as governments, students and their families, donors, as well as EU-level programmes. Therefore, to explore how these pressures interact to affect strategic action on national level, the case method is well suited as it enabled us to study the phenomena thoroughly and deeply.
The paper suggests the actions proposed within the Strategy have the potential to overcome the delay, the regional isolation and the negative impact of the economic crisis on the country. Nevertheless, the key elements on which the success or failure of this Strategy hinges are the control mechanisms and the approach to implementation. Shortcomings in these two aspects of strategic actions in HE seem to mark the difference between gaining long-term benefits and merely saving face in front of international institutions.
Development of Inclusinve Education in the Karagandian Region: Experience and Perspectives
Authors: Abdakimova Madina
Published: January 2021

The article examines the state and prospects for the development of inclusive education in the Karaganda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For the development of inclusive education, it is necessary to solve a number of problems in training personnel, increasing the number of psychological, medical and pedagogical consultations, improving infrastructure, improving the regulatory framework, etc. attention, but also improvement.
Net energy and protein utilization in fish by introducing the objective criteria ` Clarc of energy distribution ` and ` Clarc of protein transformation `
Authors: Penkov D. , Hubenova T. , Ivanova A.
Published: January 2021

AIM: To introduce the indicators Clarc of energy distribution (CED) and Clarc of protein/amino acid transformation (CPT) and adapt the methodology for their calculation in aquaculture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 50-day experiment was carried out with juvenile carp fish (C. carpio L.) reared in net cages. The following characteristics were reported: fodder (nutritional) coefficient, digestible energy, and crude protein intake per unit of weight gain, percentage of the boneless fillet, the chemical composition of the fillet. The methodology for calculating the respective Clarcs was described. RESULTS: The following values ​​of the newly introduced indicators were established: Clarc of energy distribution (CED) – 0.0866 (8.66%); Clarc of protein transformation (CPT) – 0.1052 (10.52%).
Examining science performance of South African Grade 9 learners in TIMSS 2015 through a gender lens
Authors: Naidoo Jaqueline , Sibanda Doras
Published: January 2021

It is widely acknowledged that understanding of science is key to becoming global citizens and to embrace technological advancements. Although research suggests that girl’s performance in science has improved over the years, there are still concerns about the under-representation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) careers in most African countries, including South Africa. Variability in science performance according to gender is still an unresolved issue. In this study we aimed to examine the relationship between gender and science item achievement of Grade 9 South African learners in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. We used data collected by TIMSS 2015. The data were further analysed using International Database (IDB) analyser and t-test statistics. The results show that in general gender did not influence learner achievement in most of the test items. However, the findings indicate that girls performed better than boys in most of the questions in all 4 content domains and in the knowing and reasoning cognitive domains. The study highlighted that gender had a limited effect in the manner in which the girls and boys answered the different test items. The observed gender differences in the content domains could be related to socio-cultural environments and learning experiences.
Life-design counselling for survivors of family violence in resource-constrained areas
Authors: Venter Cobus J. , Maree Jacobus G.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore and assess the feasibility of counselling based on life-design principles in enhancing the career resilience of children who are exposed to family violence. The research project involved a QUALITATIVE–quantitative mode of inquiry with 6 participants chosen based on certain characteristics. Life-design-related intervention strategies, together with various (postmodern) qualitative and quantitative techniques, were used to gather data, while data analysis was done using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data were collected from parents as well as the participants before and after the intervention. Certain themes, sub-themes and sub-sub-themes that all contributed to participants’ career resilience were identified. Following the intervention, findings obtained from a qualitative perspective indicated that the outcomes of the life-design-related counselling intervention were substantial. The findings showed that various narrative techniques could be used to enhance the career resilience of children exposed to family violence. Future research could assess the value of life-design counselling in enhancing the career resilience of survivors of family violence in diverse group contexts. A greater focus could be placed on the (unforeseen) external trauma that had an impact on participants’ ability to (re-)construct their career-life narratives to enhance their future selves and careers.
La protección de la calidad del aire en un contexto de lucha contra el cambio climático ante los tribunales de justicia
Authors: Doreste Hernández Jaime
Published: January 2021

Unlike neighbouring countries such as Holland and France - or even Pakistan and the United States of America - Spain has had no successful litigation that consolidates the obligation for Spanish public powers to exert higher ambitions in the fight against climate change. Nevertheless, there has been growing experiencie on proceedings regarding the protection of air quality standards by environmental organisations that could soon yield litigation in defence of higher environmental ambitions and more determined public action on climate mitigation.
La praxis de las relaciones intergubernamentales en España: un examen cuantitativo y cualitativo de la cooperación en materia ambiental
Authors: Alberton Mariachiara
Published: January 2021

One of the challenges of a decentralized system like Spain is ensuring intergovernmental cooperation, thus promoting an effective multi-level environmental governance. This article attempts to shed some light on the existing forms of cooperation between State and Autonomous Communities in the environmental field. Drawing on extensive data collection, empirical findings show that current intergovernmental cooperation (mainly through the mechanisms of the Environmental Sectorial Conference and Bilateral Commissions), even though not negligible, is still fragile in the event of shared competence that goes beyond the common implementation of administrative activities. Thus the role of the Constitutional Court is likely to be pre-eminent with regard to the exercise of shared environmental competences.
Justicia restaurativa y técnicas de reparación del daño ecológico en el delito medioambiental
Authors: Cardona Barber Antoni
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the scope of some of the tools in the Spanish Penal Code in order, from a new perspective of restorative justice, to try to improve the repair of ecological damage resulting from the commission of an environmental crime. Specifically, will be analyzed the capacities that fine penalties, the institute of confiscation and some of the functions of civil liability may have when improving the expectations of reparation for injuries caused by an ecological crime.
Laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum: long-term results
Authors: Danilov M. A. , Leontyev A. V. , Baychorov A. B. , Abdulatipova Z. M. , Saakyan G. G.
Published: January 2021

Objective: comparative assessment of long-term oncological results of laparoscopic extralevator and traditional abdominal-perineal resection (APR).

Materials and methods. The analysis of immediate and long-term oncological results of treatment of 92 patients who underwent traditional laparoscopic and extralevator APR for low rectal cancer. Inclusion criteria were tumors of the lower ampullar rectum, excluding the performance of sphincter-sparing surgical interventions, and patients’ age up to 75 years. Exclusion criteria: distant metastases, histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. Analysis of immediate and long-term results was carried out.

Results. The main group included patients who underwent extralevator APR (n = 62), patients in the control group (n = 30) underwent traditional APR. There were no significant differences in the type of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment in the comparison groups (p >0.05). In the group of patients operated on in the volume of extralevator APR, 42 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus 19 patients in the group of traditional APR, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.21). In the extralevator APR group, perineal plastic surgery was performed significantly more often than in the traditional APR group (p = 0.001). When evaluating the immediate results, there was a statistically significant difference in the total number of complications between the study groups, such complications as bladder dysfunction following after surgery, inflammatory pelvic disease in the perineal wound, perineal hernia occurred significantly more often in the traditional APR group than in the extralevator APR group (p >0.05). In terms of overall and disease-free survival, the groups differed statistically significantly: 5-year overall survival in the main group was 90 % versus 62.5 % in the control group (p = 0.03), 5-year disease-free survival in the main group was 98.5 % versus 65 % in the control group, respectively (p = 0.01).

Conclusions. Extralevator APR of the rectum is the most radical surgical intervention than with the traditional APR technique due to the lower risk of a positive circumferention resection margin, therefore, reducing the incidence of local recurrence, and as a result, improving overall and disease-free survival rates compared to the traditional technique.
Çok Kesitli Bilgisayarlı Tomografi İle Torakal Aortik Varyasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DEĞER Murat , ÖZTÜRK KELEŞ Fatma
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada çok kesitli bilgisayarlı tomografi (ÇKBT) ile torakal aortik varyasyonları ve görülme sıklığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve yöntem: Hastanemiz Radyoloji Ünitesinde Ocak 2016-Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında çekilen 2978 kontrastlı toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi tetkiki torakal aortik varyasyon varlığı, varyasyonların cinsiyet farklılığı yönünden retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda torakal aortik varyasyonu görülme oranı %22.5 olup bu oran kadınlarda %25.76, erkeklerde %20.63 idi. En sık görülen torakal aortik varyasyon trunkus brakiosefalikus ile sol ana karotis arter aortadan ortak kökten orjin almasıdır (Bovine arkı). Görülme oranı % 13.76 idi. Diğer görülen varyasyonlar izole sol vertebral arterin aortadan çıkması, arkus aorta aberran sağ subklavyen arter (ARSA) varyasyonu, sağ arkus aorta ve aort koarktasyonudur. Bu varyasyonlara eşlik eden ikincil varyasyon ise sol vertebral aortanın arkus aortada orjin almasıdır. Kadın-erkek oranı açısından bakıldığında bovine arkı ve sağ arkus aorta varyasyonunda istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlenmiş olup diğer varyasyonlarda anlamlı fark izlenmedi.

Sonuç: Torakal aortik varyasyonlar çoğunlukla asemptomatik olup bazı tipleri semptomatiktir. Bu varyasyonların görüntüleme özelliklerine aşina olmak, doğru tanı ve sınıflandırma ve cerrahi tedaviye rehberlik etme açısından önemlidir. Kontrastlı ÇKBT noninvaziv bir görüntüleme yöntemi olup, bu varyasyonların kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesini sağlamaktadır.
Forced oscillation of conformable fractional partial delay differential equations with impulses
Authors: Saker S. H. , Logaarasi K. , Sadhasivam V.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we establish some interval oscillation criteria for impulsive conformable fractional partial delay differential equations with a forced term. The main results will be obtained by employing Riccati technique. Our results extend and improve some results reported in the literature for the classical differential equations without impulses. An example is provided to illustrate the relevance of the new theorems.
A new iterative method for generalized equilibrium and constrained convex minimization problems
Authors: Yazdi M.
Published: January 2021

The gradient-projection algorithm (GPA) plays an important role in solving constrained convex minimization problems. In this paper, we combine the GPA and averaged mapping approach to propose an explicit composite iterative scheme for finding a common solution of a generalized equilibrium problem and a constrained convex minimization problem. Then, we prove a strong convergence theorem which improves and extends some recent results.
Application of Tourist Function Indicators in Tourism Development. Case Study of Tunisia
Authors: Widz Monika
Published: January 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki oceny stopnia rozwoju funkcji turystycznej w gubernatorstwach Tunezji. Ocenę przeprowadzono metodą wskaźnikową z wykorzystaniem dwóch grup indykatorów funkcji: intensywności ruchu turystycznego i zagospodarowania turystycznego. Funkcję turystyczną przeanalizowano także w kontekście wskaźnika średniej długości pobytu turystów. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że stopień rozwoju funkcji turystycznej w gubernatorstwach jest zróżnicowany: od wysoko rozwiniętej w gubernatorstwach nadmorskich (Sousse, Nabeul, Monastir), po początkowe stadium w gubernatorstwach górskich (Sidi Bouzid, Siliana, Zaghouan). Pod względem średniej długości pobytów – wbrew ogólnym skojarzeniom – Tunezja okazuje się destynacją krótkoterminową. W 13 spośród 24 gubernatorstw przeważają tzw. pobyty weekendowe. Pobyty średnioterminowe charakterystyczne są w północnej części kraju (w gubernatorstwach Nabeul, Bizerte, Manouba), a długoterminowe – tylko na wschodnim wybrzeżu (Ben Arous, Susa, Monastir, Mahdia, Medenine).
Overcoming political conflicts and competitions in favour of international cooperation – the project of Europe of the Carpathians and the project of The Three Seas Initiative
Authors: Wicha Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Współpraca państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej jawiła się jako możliwość lewarowania pozycją Polski na arenie międzynarodowej. Efekty współpracy mogły być mierzalne dopiero w dłuższej perspektywie. Rozumowano, że w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej rozgrywała się gra o status geopolityczny Polski na arenie międzynarodowej. Celem zasadniczym skutecznej współpracy w regionie miało być wspólne realizowanie projektów, których nie łączyło jedynie działanie przeciw (Rosji), lecz przede wszystkim na rzecz wspólnych projektów, które miały powodować bogacenie się narodów i wielostronne korzyści dla państw uczestniczących w projekcie integrującym i animującym współpracę państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w ramach Europy Karpat i Inicjatywy Trójmorza.
Regaining the influence: Turkish cooperation initiatives in the Balkans
Authors: Niemiec Jan
Published: January 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena efektywności podejmowanych przez tureckie władze w XXI wieku działań, które miały skutkować wzmocnieniem wieloaspektowej współpracy z państwami bałkańskimi. Odkąd Partia Sprawiedliwości i Rozwoju przejęła rządy w 2002 roku, jednym z głównych zadań jej polityki zagranicznej była próba odzyskania wpływów na terenie dawnego Imperium Osmańskiego. Położenie geograficzne, dziedzictwo historyczne oraz bogactwo kulturowe Turcji stwarzały dogodne warunki do takiej ekspansji politycznej. W procesie promocji Republiki Turcji wśród sąsiednich państw zaangażowane są wyspecjalizowane instytucje i agencje (np. Turecka Agencja Współpracy i Koordynacji, Prezydencja dla Turków Za Granicą oraz Pokrewnych Społeczności, Instytut Yunusa Emre). Analiza wybranych działań wymienionych wyżej organizacji stanowi kluczowy element pracy.
Walka o imię – Macedońska walka o narodową podmiotowość i kreację tożsamości narodowej
Authors: Sielska Zuzanna
Published: January 2021

Po uzyskaniu przez Macedonię niepodległości powstało ponownie pytanie o kształt jej kulturowych i etnicznych dziejów oraz o ciągłość istnienia etnosu macedońskiego poprzez poczucie prawa własności w stosunku do dziedzictwa zamieszkiwanego terytorium oraz świadomość przynależności do tej samej grupy etnicznej. Choć odłączenie się do Jugosławii odbyło się większości bez konfliktu zbrojnego to młode państwo nie było w pełni uznawane przez swoich sąsiadów – Bułgarzy nie uznawali narodu, Serbska Cerkiew nie uznawała autokefalii macedońskiej, a Grecja nie uznawała ani Państwa, ani narodu Macedońskiego. Ważną kwestią omawianą w rozdziale będzie pojęcie tożsamości, zarówno społecznej, jak i narodowej w kontekście elementów, które spajają wspólnotę, czyli państwo, religia i pamięć zbiorowa. W państwie, które od niedawna posiada niezależność jest to szczególnie ważne, bowiem poczucie identyfikacji z daną wspólnotą pełni funkcje integracyjne i daje członkom poczucie bezpieczeństwa. Następnie zostanie opisana historia państwowości macedońskiej po 1991 roku oraz problemów jakie młode państwo napotykało w tym okresie. Ta część poruszy również ważną problematykę stosunków macedońsko-greckich, które rzutowały na współczesny kształt państwa oraz społeczeństwa. W ostatniej części za pomocą analizy zachowań społecznych oraz zebranych badań zostanie przedstawiona opinia Macedończyków.
РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА БЕЛОРУССКО-ПОЛЬСКО-УКРАИНСКОГО ПОГРАНИЧЬЯ О ЖИЗНЕННЫХ И ТВОРЧЕСКИХ ЦЕННОСТЯХ
Authors: Zhigalova Maria
Published: January 2021

W artykule autorka omawia pojęcie „regionalna literatura wieloetniczna”, pokazuje jej specyfikę: różnorodność gatunkową, tematyczną i problemową, charakter języka i stylu, a także zwraca uwagę na rolę inter-języka oraz inter-kultury w odbiorze czytelników. Na przykładzie analizy wybranych wierszy Liubow Kraszewskiej, Dymitra Kowalowa, Vladimira Kuczmińskiego, opowiadania Zbigniewa Włodzimierza Fronczka pokazuje kwestie funkcjonowania teoretycznych i praktycznych aspektów literatury regionalnej, która odzwierciedla wartości życiowe i twórcze pogranicza, pokazuje możliwości konsolidacji wielokulturowego społeczeństwa za pomocą literatury.
Rzeczywistość wyimaginowana: jak unita Josafat Kuncevyč przyczynił się do nawrócenia patriarchi moskiewskiego Nikona
Authors: Korzo Margarita A.
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie relacji między literaturą a wydarzeniami pozaliterackimi na przykładzie postaci Jozafata Kuncewicza (1580–1623) – pierwszego męczennika Kościoła Unickiego w Rzeczypospolitej – i związanego z nim cudu. Utwory hagiograficzne zawierają opis cudownego nawrócenia i przejścia na katolicyzm patriarchy moskiewskiego Nikona (1605–1681), które miało dokonać się w Moskwie za przyczyną obrazka przedstawiającego Kuncewicza. Następstwem cudu była rezygnacja Nikona z patriarszego urzędu. Powstały około 1672 roku opis cudu z czasem obrastał w nowe, towarzyszące niezwykłemu wydarzeniu okoliczności; rodziły się one z pogłosek i mitów, ale także odzwierciedlały pewną realność historyczną. Artykuł analizuje najpóźniejszą wersję tej historii (S.P. Ważyński, Kazanie na uroczystość Bł. Jozafata Kuncewicza, Wilno 1762), ustalając etapy kształtowania się poszczególnych jej części (narracyjne konstruowanie rzeczywistości), a także konfrontując realność historyczną z opisaną w cudownym wydarzeniu rzeczywistością wyimaginowaną.
Pamiętnik Wacława Sieroszewskiego jako przykład pogranicza literatury i polityki historycznej
Authors: Legutko Grażyna
Published: January 2021

Pamiętnik Wacława Sieroszewskiego – młodopolskiego pisarza i działacza politycznego, związanego z orientacją polityczną Józefa Piłsudskiego – wydany został przez Andrzeja Lama pod koniec lat 50. XX wieku (jako tom 16. Dzieł Sieroszewskiego) w wersji okrojonej, przede wszystkim ze względów cenzuralnych. Jest to przykład dokumentu osobistego, sytuującego się na pograniczu beletrystyki, literatury faktu i polityki historycznej. Jego analiza pokazuje, jak wydarzenia historyczne i światopogląd polityczny twórcy modelują jego narrację pamiętnikarską, powodując, że tekst literacki przybiera formę hybrydyczną, daleką od jednoznacznej klasyfikacji gatunkowej.
Kilka uwag na temat niewolników i prawa karnego. Rozważania w oparciu o D. 48, 2, 12, 4
Authors: Kołodko Piotr
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to present the legal situation of a slave under Roman criminal law. The analysis conducted proves that the approach towards slaves changed along with the transformation of the government system of ancient Rome. In the Period of the Republic, criminal liability of slaves evolved in two directions. The dominica potestas was exercised by owners, as well as the collegial body – tresviri capitales. From the Principate period, Roman jurists were convinced that the legal status of a slave and a free person was identical under criminal law. The difference between these offenders was non-exercise of leges criminales with a penalty that would be inadequate for their legal status, or ruling and exercising of more severe penalties against slaves.
W oczekiwaniu na wykonanie art. 23 TFUE i art. 35 TUE – wciąż niepełne prawo obywateli Unii Europejskiej do opieki dyplomatycznej i konsularnej
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

In 1992, with the adoption of the Maastricht Treaty, a new institution, namely EU citizenship, was created. The treaty introduced a qualitative change in the sphere of political and legal position of citizens of the Member States, who gained in these spheres a number of new powers. One of them is the right to diplomatic and consular protection. The analysis of these two rights leads to a conclusion about the great discrepancy that exists between treaty guarantees and the effective exercise of this right. The Member States did not agree with third countries on this subject, which is a requirement of international law. Secondary law also allows only a partial exercise of the treaty’s right to care in the territory of third countries. It has been reduced only to consular assistance and is still narrowly understood. The treaty law of EU citizens remains therefore at a very early stage of development.
Civil Liability for Damage Caused by a Physical Defect of an Autonomous Car in Polish Law
Authors: Loranc-Borkowska Jolanta
Published: January 2021

The issue of liability for damage caused by the movement of a defective autonomous car is multi-faceted and multi-problem. The purpose of the article is to investigate the issue of liability for damage caused by a physical defect in an autonomous car in the Polish civil law system and determining whether the currently existing civil law regulations are sufficient for effective protection of victims. The paper begins with a definition of an autonomous car – that is a vehicle enabled with technology which has the capability of operating without the active control or monitoring of a natural person. Next, the levels of automation (from 0 to 5) are presented. The following describes the concept of a physical defect. The next part is an analysis of the theories that can be applied to the problem of autonomous vehicles, along with an assessment of the effects of their use. Finally, conclusions from the analysis of the title issue are included.
Skutki prawne naruszenia terminów w postępowaniu legislacyjnym
Authors: Orłowski Robert
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to present the issues related to the time limits set for individual organs of public authority (the Sejm, the Senate, the President of the Republic of Poland) for the performance of specific activities within the legislative procedure. These time limits should be calculated according to conventional rules, that is, from the beginning of the day following the day on which the act on which the legal provisions are binding begins. However, the action will also be effective if it is performed on the same day on which the said event occurred. Violation of the time limit in legislative proceedings is of fundamental importance for the act, as a normative act, within the scope of its validity. As part of the review of the constitutionality of the law, the Constitutional Tribunal also examines the correctness of the proceedings in which the law was adopted. According to the latest jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, violation of the minimum time limits required for the performance of individual activities, which have only been specified in the Rules of Procedure of the Sejm, may constitute an independent basis for declaring the entire act unconstitutional. This view differs significantly from the existing, well-established approach to this subject. The effects of violating the time limits of the legislative procedure can also be considered at the level of the rights (competences) of individual authorities within a specific proceeding. The signing of the act by the President after the expiry of the constitutional time limit should be deemed legally effective. The admissibility of issuing by the Constitutional Tribunal of scope judgements should be considered in cases of violation of the rules of correct legislation, leading to the omission or reduction of vacatio legis.
Law and Lawyers vs “Political Turn” and the “Return of Political Philosophy”
Authors: Barwicka-Tylek Iwona
Published: January 2021

The title of the article refers to P. Manent’s essay, describing “the return of political philosophy”. Using the distinction between science and art, suggested by thinkers such as J.S. Mill, an analysis was made of the possible responses of legal theory to the so-called “political turn” in social sciences and humanities. Attempts were made to show that transplanting such terms as “politics”, “the political”, “polity” (in the text they function under more theoretically neutral term: “politicalness”) into the field of legal discourse leads to the rejection of the so far dominant (referring to the ideal of Ch. Montesquieu) image of the activity of lawyers as “artisans” practicing the art of law and to replacing it with the image of a lawyer-artists or lawyer-scientist.
Wykorzystanie algorytmów w postępowaniu karnym (wybrane zagadnienia)
Authors: Taracha Adam
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes attempts to apply mathematical methods in criminal cases since the times of J. Bentham and indicates the use of algorithms in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the detection process when it comes to the identification of people (based on the image of the face) and vehicles (based on the identification of license plates). The use of algorithms in the practice of criminal justice in the US was also discussed. In the opinion of the author, their use in a criminal trial (in the assessment of evidence and shaping the judgement) will still be only partial and sporadic for some time to come. There is no doubt, however, that their use will cause a lot of controversy. The main reason is the contradiction between the constantly increasing possibilities of collecting and using data about a person (thanks to, among others, algorithms) by law enforcement and judicial authorities and the protection of human rights and freedoms.
The Application and Development of Virtual Reality-related Technology
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Cai Ziwen , Wen Changbao
Published: January 2021

Virtual reality is a new technology with wide application prospect in recent years. At present, virtual reality technology has been widely used in entertainment games, architectural design, medical and other fields. Based on the concept, characteristics and application of virtual reality technology, this paper introduces the key technologies needed to realize virtual reality, and then introduces the recent hot research direction of virtual reality, such as 3D model retrieval technology, 3D model watermarking technology, distribution type virtual environment communication technology.
Generalized Fractional Calculus Operators Associated with K-function
Authors: Suthar D.L.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to study some properties of K-function introduced by Sharma. Here we establish two theorems which give the image of this K-function under the generalized fractional integral operators involving Fox’s H-function as kernel. Corresponding assertions in term of Euler, Whittaker and K-transforms are also presented. On account of general nature of H-function and K-function a number of results involving special functions can be obtained merely by giving particular values for the parameters.
Application of Advance Constrained Simplex Method for MIMO Systems in Quantum Communication Networks
Authors: Sato Tomonobu
Published: January 2021

This paper first describes advanced constrained simplex method (advanced complex method), then it shows that this complex procedure has any problems when it’s taken for finding the maximum of a general nonlinear function of several variables within a constrained region is described in wireless communication systems, especially for multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO Configuration). Next advanced constrained simplex method is described how to resolve the problem of the multiple-input multiple-out, and shown how to be efficient compared with the complex method and the simplex method by some simulations. And this wireless network design can be used to MIMO systems in Quantum Communication networks. The feature of technology by which the system told by this paper can get optimum solution by a little search number of times compared with a conventional system in the MIMO environment with more than one optimal value, and is at the place. This system was applied to the Quantum network environment by this paper. This can achieve more compact than the conventional Quantum network environment.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 12: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra L-l y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y las consonantes M-m, N-n, S-s.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 15: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra F-f y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y U-u y las consonantes M-m, N-n, L-l y S-s.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 16: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra T-t y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y U-u y las consonantes M-m, N-n, L-l, S-s y F-f.
Abnormal Use of Personal Pronouns in Sign Language of Autistic Deaf Children
Authors: Li Yangyang
Published: January 2021

Abnormal use of personal pronouns is an important feature of autistic children's oral development. After comparing autistic deaf children with autistic children and deaf children respectively, it is found that pronoun avoidance also exists in the sign language development of autistic deaf children, but pronoun reversal rarely occurs. In pronoun avoidance, the sign language performance of autistic deaf children is more similar to that of autistic children than deaf children, which is more likely to be due to autistic children's own disorders than differences in language forms.  Different from autistic children and deaf children, autistic deaf children have their own unique performance in pronoun reversal: palm reversal. The reason may be that the disorder of personal pronoun reversal in autistic children may have different performance due to differences in language forms.
clinical research of the preventive treatment form igrainousvertigo without headanche and observing the evoke dpotential
Authors: Xiangming WANG
Published: January 2021

ObJECTive:ToobseRvethepr[Eve]ntivetREATmeNTforpatientswithnon-headachetyPemigRainevertigo.Method:48CAsesoFpatieNTswithnon-HeaDAChetypemIgRaINevertigowereRAndomlyDIvIDeDintotREATmeNTgroupaNDControlgroup.TheTreatmentGroupwasgoingtobetReatedbyflunarizine,anDtheCoNTrolgRouPwasgoingtobetReatedbyBetahIsti\ ne.Allofthemtooka8-weektREATmeNTperioD.SepaRAtelysTudyvisuaLevokedpotentiaLmeasurEmentoFmigRaINePatientswithvertigobeFoReaNDAftertheRapy.Result:8weeKsafteRthetREATmeNT,ThecuRativeeffECToftheTreatmEntgroUPwassignificaNTLybetteRtHatHeControlgroup(X2=27.1888,P[0.01, p a)tieNTsWithvertigoweR[E]RECEivinGProsthEtictReaTmeNT(P"0".1, a n)dthemiGRaineveRtigoPatientsoFUNUsuallyvisuaLevokedpotentiaLsmeasurEswerealsoeaseDAftertReatmenT.ConClusion:ForthePatieNTswithnon-HeaDAChetypemIgRaINevertigo,FlunariZINePreventivetReaTmeNTHasbeTTeRclinicaLcurativeeffECT.
Screening of Milk Borne Staphylococcus aureus for Resistance against Beta Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Anurag B. , Ramasamy T. , Ramesh S. , Sriraam K.S. , Kalaiselvi L. , Deepak S.J. , Kannan R. Gokula , Arunaman C.S.
Published: January 2021

Background: A study was carried out to screen milk borne Staphylococcus aureus for resistance against Beta lactam antibiotics. Methods: A total of 45 milk samples were collected over a period of three months from large animal outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College Hospital, Chennai. Upon collection of samples, ABST followed by its growth in Mannitol Salt Agar was carried out as part of the phenotypic screening. Genotypic screening for Staphylococcus screening was done with the help of PCR by using nuc and mec A primers. MIC for ceftriaxone and cloxacillin was carried out with the samples that were found positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern is presented: Fluoroquinolones (87.5% sensitive), aminoglycosides (72.5% sensitive), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (Amoxyclave) (72.5% sensitive). The MSA positive samples were subjected to molecular identification with the help of PCR. Result: The results revealed 10 samples positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 5 among them positive for mecA gene. The MIC results were as follows: MIC50-10.95µg/ml and MIC90- 87.510.95µg/ml for ceftriaxone and MIC50- 43.75 µg/ml and MIC90- 87.5µg/ml for cloxacillin, indicating emergence of resistance. However, further studies are required in a larger sample size that can help us to attain more conclusive results.
Advances in understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on soil nutrient cycling
Authors:   Western Sydney University, Australia, Zhang Haiyang , Powell Jeff R. ,   Western Sydney University, Australia
Published: January 2021

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi assist with plant acquisition of nutrients, with most studies focussing on the nutrient forms taken up and translocated to the host. Recent studies have focussed on how extraradical fungal hyphae can affect nutrient ransformations, leaching and movement. However, it is still unclear the extent that nutrient cycling is influenced in agricultural contexts. Moreover, much of the mechanistic knowledge is limited to a few plants and fungi studied under controlled conditions, suggesting a need for innovation addressing the broader diversity of agricultural AM plant-fungal associations. This chapter summarises how AM fungi can influence specific soil nutrient processes, then focuses specifically on AM fungi in crop production systems and examples of (in)compatibilities in these systems. These research areas are then contextualized with new approaches to understand AM fungal roles in nutrient acquisition and utilisation, which the authors propose will lead to applications in improving nutrient use efficiency of agroecosystems.
Rootstocks to improve root function and resource-use efficiency
Authors:   CEBAS-CSIC, Spain, Pérez-Alfocea Francisco , Yeboah Stephen ,   CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Ghana, Dodd Ian C. ,   Lancaster Environment Centre, UK
Published: January 2021

Grafting, a surgical technique to attach genetically different shoots and roots (scions and rootstocks) allows “designer root systems” to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. Rootstocks improve plant nutrient relations by increasing nutrient capture and/or nutrient use efficiency, by multiple mechanisms including altered root morphology. Moreover, rootstocks can enhance water uptake and/or diminish water loss according to changes in root form and function, and root-to-shoot phytohormonal signalling. While the role of root-to-shoot ABA signalling in effecting stomatal closure is equivocal, root-sourced cytokinins and ACC regulate shoot senescence and vegetative growth respectively. Rootstock-mediated crop improvement offers opportunities to enhance crop resource use efficiency, especially in the developing world.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH SIMPLE BONE CYST
Authors: Kasprzyk Maciej , Łuczak Michał , Wawrzyniak Anna , Romanowski Leszek
Published: January 2021

Introduction Simple bone cyst is benign fluid-filled lesion localized mainly in long bones. It is usually diagnosed in the first two decades, the most common in proximal humerus. Unicameral bone cyst is oen asymptomatic but can cause pathological fracture. Aim of the study The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical, diagnostic and treatment factors concerning patients with simple bone cyst. Material and methods The retrospective analysis was performed on 22 patients treated in Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery in Poznań between 2001 and 2017. We have analyzed epidemiological factors: age and sex; symptoms; clinical examination: range of motion, presence of pain; X-ray: localisation, cyst index of Kaelin and MacEwan and presence of pathological fractures; treatment: methods, number of hospitalizations and effectiveness. Results Mean age of patients was 10.8. From 22 patients 11 were females. Generally bone cyst was diagnosed because of pathological fracture – 18 patients (85.7%). Other reasons of X-ray diagnostic were: pain – 2 patients (9.1%), deformity – 1 patient (4.5%), incidentally – 2 patients (9.1%). The bone cyst was localized in humerus – 21 patients (95.5%), radius – 1 patient (4.5%). Treatment methods were various: 7 patients (31.8%) – Depomedrol injections, 4 patients (18.1%) – marrow injections, 4 patients (18.1%) – marrow and Depomedrol injections, 5 patients (22.7%) – injections with additional bone gras, 3 patients (13.6%) – only bone gras. Conclusions Simple bone cyst occurs generally in young people (under twenty). The most common problem is a pathological fracture. Treatment is long and multistage.
THE IMPACT OF REGULAR FOOTBALL TRAINING ON BONE TURNOVER MARKERS
Authors: Pajor Kacper , Szpyt Justyna , Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka , Rotter Iwona
Published: January 2021

Introduction The condition of the skeleton is important not only in the perspective of osteoporosis prevention, but also as a factor affecting the frequency of injuries excluding physical activity. Monitoring the impact of specific sports on osteoclasts and osteoblasts acitivity allows optimization of programming of physical activity limiting the risk of bone mineralization disorders. The review analyzes available papers on the impact of regular football training on skeletal physiology changes analyzed by measuring bone turnover markers in the body. Aim Determining the impact of regular football training on bone mass regulation by analyzing bone turnover markers. Material and methods PubMed and SPORTDiscus with Full Text databases were searched using the keyword combination “the name of team sport” + bone turnover. There is no clinical trials about bone turnover markers among handball, hockey, basketball and volleyball players in the available literature that meet the inclusion criteria, so the topic of the review was narrowed down to football (soccer). After applying the exclusion criteria, five studies were qualified. Results In the analyzed papers, the concentration of osteocalcin, N-terminal procollagen type I extension propeptide and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in blood increased as a result of regular football training. In 3 papers statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases were noted. Conclusions Football training can stimulate bone metabolism, being an effective and attractive form of bone fracture prevention, regardless of your level of sport. Due to the limited availability of studies, there is a high need for further studies describing the impact of physical activity on bone metabolism.
cartaz “Os Elementos Químicos e a Vida” para ensino de Geociências na educação básica
Authors: Araujo Eduardo Profeta Ramos de , Bressane Elias Araujo , Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um projeto de pesquisa que buscou promover aprendizado significativo, junto a estudantes do ensino médio, e oferecer ao público não escolar conhecimentos sobre Ciências Naturais. As atividades lúdicas e interativas desenvolvidas possibilitaram a integração de conceitos das disciplinas Química, Geografia e Biologia, na medida em que os alunos retomaram conhecimentos sobre os ciclos da água e das rochas, o intemperismo de rochas e a formação de solos. Ao desenvolver pesquisas em campo e para fundamentar a produção de um cartaz ilustrado, exploraram informações sobre elementos químicos, minerais, rochas e distribuição de reservas naturais na crosta terrestre, além de pesquisar processos capazes de desagregar tais elementos químicos e disponibilizá-los no ambiente. Cópias do cartaz criado e produzido pelos alunos foram afixadas em locais de venda de alimentos, buscando democratizar o conhecimento científico junto ao público não escolar.
Refuncionalização de fazendas de café a partir da atividade turística em Campinas (SP)
Authors: Barbosa Gabriela Couto , Ferrão André Munhoz de Argollo
Published: January 2021

O turismo é uma atividade que interage com diferentes setores da sociedade, como cultura, esporte e meio ambiente. Isso o torna presente no cotidiano das pessoas, muitas vezes, sem que se perceba a sua importância. Entretanto, o turismo não possui um único modo de operação e acaba se apropriando de elementos utilizados por outros setores, como a agricultura, por exemplo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar alguns exemplos de fazendas de café que passaram por um processo de refuncionalização e se tornaram atrativos turísticos. Campinas faz parte de uma região muito importante na história da produção de café, particularmente em se tratando do período de expansão da cafeicultura no Brasil, guardando alguns elementos que mostram essa história. Há que se ressaltar que nem todas as fazendas de café passaram por um processo de refuncionalização. Além disso, dos exemplares que passaram por esse processo, nem todos tiveram sucesso, como é o caso da Fazenda Jambeiro. Conclui-se, portanto, que a refuncionalização das fazendas de café pelo turismo pode auxiliar no processo de preservação e conservação de tais locais, além de auxiliar na divulgação da história dos municípios que possuem um forte vínculo com o café e que, em geral não é reconhecido por seus próprios cidadãos.