bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and performance analysis of a many-to-one configuration precise cable drive mechanism with high precision and large torque
Authors: Xie Xin , Qi Chao , Tan Ruoyu , Fan Dapeng
Published: May 2019

Precise cable drive is a flexible frictional transmission method that transmits power from drive capstans to driven pulleys by a properly preloaded transmission medium. Since most of precise cable drive mechanism with high pointing precision proposed in previous studies suffer from low transmission stiffness and small output torque, this paper presents a novel many-to-one configuration precise cable drive mechanism (MCCDM) with high precision and large torque. The design methods of many-to-one configuration are studied including the system optimal design and cable wrapping design. The transmission characteristics of the developed configuration are analyzed, considering transmission capacity, transmission backlash, and transmission stiffness. The corresponding parameter sensitivities are also investigated. Moreover, a prototype of the MCCDM has been built, with which a series of experiments are carried out. It is noted that the developed mechanism has a motion range of ±2 rad. The steady-state error to a step reference of 1 rad amplitude is only 1.39 µrad and the position resolution is better than 0.5 µrad. This mechanism could achieve maximum output torque of 35 Nċm with compact size and light weight. It has reached a considerable toque-to-weight ratio of 8.997 N·m/kg. The experimental results show that the self-excited oscillation and backlash are dominant nonlinear effects in the MCCDM system. It shows that the self-excited oscillation is a function of the rotational displacement in such a system, with the highest peak at 0.1669 cycle/mrad and the amplitude of 34.63 µrad. The backlash could be measured about 60 µrad under exciting of a small amplitude and low frequency sinusoidal signal. The proposed technologies could have strong technological implications in some special applications such as antenna servo system.
Food sources and access strategies in Ugandan secondary cities: an intersectional analysis
Authors: Mackay Heather
Published: May 2019

This article arises from an interest in African urbanization and in the food, farming and nutritional transitions that some scholars present as integral to urban life. The paper investigates personal urban food environments, food sources and access strategies in two secondary Ugandan cities, Mbale and Mbarara, drawing on in-depth interviews and applying an intersectional lens. Food sources were similar across dimensions of difference but food access strategies varied. My findings indicate that socioeconomic circumstance (class) was the most salient influence shaping differences in daily food access strategies. Socioeconomic status, in turn, interacted with other identity aspects, an individual’s asset base and broader structural inequalities in influencing urban food environments. Rural land and rural connections, or multispatiality, were also important for food-secure urban lives. The work illuminates geometries of advantage and disadvantage within secondary cities, and highlights similarities and differences between food environments in these cities and Uganda’s capital, Kampala.
Gaming the system: using transactional analysis to explore dysfunctional processes in clinical supervision
Authors: Muller Tony , Suetani Shuichi , Cutbush Jimsie , Parker Stephen
Published: May 2019

Objective:

This paper discusses the ongoing relevance of concepts derived from transactional analysis to understanding the challenges that can emerge in clinical supervision under the Competency Based Fellowship Program.

Conclusions:

Defensive game playing has face validity as a framework for understanding dysfunctional processes in clinical supervision. Being aware of these concepts may aid trainees and supervisors in promoting effective clinical supervision practice.
The Impact of Advance Care Planning on End-of-Life Care: Do the Type and Timing Make a Difference for Patients With Advanced Cancer Referred to Hospice?
Authors: Prater Laura C. , Wickizer Thomas , Bower Julie K. , Bose-Brill Seuli
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

This study aimed to determine the impact of advanced care planning (ACP) on potentially avoidable hospital admissions at the end of life (EOL) among a sample of hospice-referred patients with cancer, in order to present actionable considerations for the practicing clinician.

Methods:

This study was designed as a retrospective cohort using electronic health record data that assessed likelihood of hospital admissions in the last 30 days of life for 1185 patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer, referred to hospice between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, at a large academic medical center. Inverse probability treatment weighting based on calculated propensity scores balanced measured covariates between those with and without ACP at baseline. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from estimated potential outcome means for the impact of ACP on admissions in the last 30 days of life.

Results:

A verified do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order prior to the last 30 days of life was associated with reduced odds of admission compared to those without a DNR (OR = 0.30; P < .001). An ACP note in the problem list prior to the last 30 days of life was associated with reduced odds of admission compared to those without an ACP note (OR = 0.71, P = .042), and further reduced odds if done 6 months prior to death (OR = 0.35, P < .001).

Conclusions:

This study shows that dedicated ACP documentation is associated with fewer admissions in the last 30 days of life for patients with advanced cancer referred to hospice. Improving ACP processes prior to hospice referral holds promise for reducing EOL admissions.
Evaluation of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using Highly Crosslinked Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Subjected to Physiological Loading
Authors: Bischoff Jeffrey E. , Dharia Mehul A. , Hertzler Justin S. , Schipper Oliver N.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) was developed for its superior wear properties in comparison to conventional polyethylene (CPE). Concern over fatigue resistance has prevented widespread adoption of HXLPE for use in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). The aim of this study was to determine whether HXLPE has sufficient fatigue strength for total ankle arthroplasty under simulated physiologically relevant motion profiles and loading in the ankle.

Methods:

Physiologic load and motion profiles representative of walking gait were incorporated into a computational model of a semiconstrained, fixed-bearing TAA to determine the loading state with highest stresses in the HXLPE bearing. Subsequent fatigue testing to 10 million cycles (Mc) at 5600 N was performed to assess bearing strength.

Results:

Peak stresses in the bearing were predicted at peak axial load and peak dorsiflexion during gait, occurring near heel off. All samples withstood 10 Mc of fatigue loading at that orientation without polyethylene bearing fracture.

Conclusion:

HXLPE had sufficient fatigue strength to withstand 10 Mc of loading at more than 5 times body weight at the point of peak stresses during simulated gait in total ankle arthroplasty.

Clinical Relevance:

HXLPE may be mechanically strong enough to withstand the in vivo demands of the ankle. Improvements in wear afforded by HXLPE can be obtained without compromising sufficient polyethylene strength properties in total ankle arthroplasty.
An Investigation of Nonbeneficiary Reactions to Discretionary Preferential Treatments
Authors: Chan Kimmy Wa , Yim Chi Kin (Bennett) , Gong Taeshik
Published: May 2019

Offering discretionary preferential treatments (DPTs) to selected customers is a prevalent practice in hospitality services, yet its nature and effects on nonbeneficiaries are unclear. Drawing from social comparison and appraisal theories and relationship marketing literature, this study examines how nonbeneficiaries appraise and respond to witnessing service employees offering DPTs to others through the separate emotions of malicious and benign envy, that drive their respective contrasting reactions. Nonbeneficiaries’ relationship strength with the firm and their perceived continuity of the preferential treatment (PT) further alter the proposed effects on experiences of envy. A customer survey and three experiments (laboratory and field) consistently affirm the distinctiveness of DPT and support a dual pathway model of the mediating processes of malicious and benign envy on nonbeneficiaries’ behavioral outcomes (e.g., derogating the beneficiary, cooperating with the employee, loyalty to the service company). The findings also uncover a double-edged sword effect of a strong nonbeneficiary-firm relationship: It enhances the effects of DPT on both malicious and benign envy. Interestingly, this enhancing effect of relationship strength for eliciting malicious (benign) envy can be reduced (strengthened) if the PT is perceived to be available on an ongoing basis.
The Relationship Between Tattoos and Employee Workplace Deviance
Authors: Tews Michael J. , Stafford Kathryn
Published: May 2019

While those adorned with tattoos have historically belonged to deviant subpopulations, tattoos today are certainly more widespread. With this mainstreaming of tattoos, the question arises whether the deviant stereotype persists and extends to today’s workplace. To address this issue, the present study examined the relationships between tattoos and organizational and interpersonal workplace deviance with a sample of 518 individuals employed in restaurant settings. Whether or not an employee was merely tattooed was not related to either form of deviance. However, greater tattoo number was associated with greater organizational deviance. In addition, the results suggest that being adorned with “darker” tattoos was related to both types of deviance, although the effect sizes were not large. The significant findings held even after controlling for the employees’ agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent ocular globe penetration and vitreous involvement: Clinico-pathological correlation and scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis
Authors: Rodríguez-Avila J Oswaldo , Ríos y Valles-Valles Dolores , Hernández-Ayuso Ivette , Rodríguez-Reyes Abelardo A , Morales Cantón Virgilio , Cernichiaro-Espinosa Linda A
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

The aim is to report a case of conjunctival tattooing with inadvertent injection of tattoo ink into the vitreous cavity and its consequences, the scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis of the ink components, and the microscopic findings of the affected conjunctiva and vitreous.

Methods:

Descriptive case report.

Results:

A 32-year-old man complained of ocular pain and blurred vision after undergoing a subconjuctival red ink tattoo in his left eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed best corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and intraocular pressure of 26 mmHg. Pain was elicited with eye movements. The bulbar conjunctiva was colored intense red. In the anterior chamber, pigment granules and filaments were suspended on the aqueous humor, and lens capsule was also stained red. Ultrasonography showed high-density non-mobile echoes in the conjunctiva; anterior chamber and vitreous cavity revealed high-density mobile echoes corresponding to pigment particles. Conjunctival tattoo with inadvertent globe penetration was the clinical diagnosis. The patient received medical and surgical treatment. Histopathological examination of the conjunctiva showed red pigment globular deposits within the stroma, and neutrophils and sparse histiocytes with similar intracytoplasmic pigment granules were seen. No granulomatous foreign body reaction was noticed. Vitreous material contained pigment granules; no inflammatory cells were observed. Scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis of the tattoo red ink revealed significant signals of iron, barium, and copper.

Conclusion:

Conjunctival tattoo is a new form of body decoration gaining worldwide popularity. This procedure is performed by untrained professionals causing severe ocular complications including blindness. Safety regarding tattoo ink needs further study as the composition varies among colors. Strict regulations on this matter should be considered.
Incremental effects of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in medial arterial calcification: Synergistic pathways for peripheral artery disease progression
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Moreno Pedro R , Turnbull Irene C , Purushothaman Meerarani , Zafar Urooj , Tarricone Arthur , Singla Sandeep , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin , Narula Jagat , Badimon Juan J , Purushothaman K-Raman
Published: May 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) separately are known to facilitate the progression of medial arterial calcification (MAC) in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD), but their combined effect on MAC and associated mediators of calcification is not well studied. The association of MAC and calcification inducer bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and inhibitor fetuin-A, with PAD, is well known. Our aim was to investigate the association of MAC with alterations in BMP-2 and fetuin-A protein expression in patients with PAD with DM and/or CKD. Peripheral artery plaques (50) collected during directional atherectomy from symptomatic patients with PAD were evaluated, grouped into no-DM/no-CKD ( n = 14), DM alone ( n = 10), CKD alone ( n = 12), and DM+CKD ( n = 14). MAC density was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, and alizarin red stain. Analysis of inflammation, neovascularization, BMP-2 and fetuin-A protein density was performed by immunohistochemistry. MAC density, inflammation grade and neovessel content were significantly higher in DM+CKD versus no-DM/no-CKD and CKD ( p < 0.01). BMP-2 protein density was significantly higher in DM+CKD versus all other groups ( p < 0.01), whereas fetuin-A protein density was significantly lower in DM+CKD versus all other groups ( p < 0.001). The combined presence of DM+CKD may be associated with MAC severity in PAD plaques more so than DM or CKD alone, as illustrated in this study, where levels of calcification mediators BMP-2 and fetuin-A protein were related most robustly to DM+CKD. Further understanding of mechanisms involved in mediating calcification and their association with DM and CKD may be useful in improving management and developing therapeutic interventions.
Depression and suicidality in an Afghan refugee: A case report
Authors: Morrow Christopher B , Krishna Nithin
Published: May 2019

We report the case of a young male refugee from Afghanistan who presented after a violent suicide attempt, likely precipitated in part by discrimination and social isolation experienced after immigrating to the United States. Common psychiatric comorbidities associated with immigration from war-torn nations are reviewed with a particular emphasis on how adequate screening and additional resources for vulnerable refugees during and after immigration continues to be an unmet need. Our findings suggest that there is a critical need and additional studies should be conducted, not only to identify at risk refugee populations but also to prevent potentially violent behavior. Our findings also suggest a lack of an optimal screening tool and shed light on the struggles of refugees, particularly those from Afghanistan.
A glorious warrior in war: Cross-cultural evidence of honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict
Authors: Nawata Kengo
Published: May 2019

Previous research has shown that honor culture and honor ideology enhance interpersonal and intergroup aggressiveness at the individual level. This study aimed to examine collective-level relationships among honor culture, social rewards for warriors, and intergroup conflict. To demonstrate these relationships, I used the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, which contains data on 186 mainly preindustrial societies from all over the world. The analysis demonstrated that honor culture, which values males’ toughness and aggression, has a positive relationship with frequency of intergroup conflicts. In addition, social rewards (praise, prestige, and status) for warriors mediated the relationship between honor culture and frequency of intergroup conflict. These results imply that the collective-level processes of honor culture enhance intergroup conflicts through the social reputations of warriors who participate in war.
No Major Differences in Recovery After Hip Fracture Between Home-Dwelling Female and Male Patients
Authors: Lahtinen A. , Leppilahti J. , Vähänikkilä H. , Kujala S. , Ristiniemi J. , Jalovaara P.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Studies comparing recovery of men and women after hip fracture have reported conflicting results, some reporting worse recovery in male patients, while others found no differences between genders.

Methods:

Recovery was compared in 105 male and 433 female patients with hip fractures and in age-matched groups of patients 50 years or older, who were home-dwelling and received similar rehabilitation. Residential status, walking ability, hip pain and activities of daily living function were recorded at admission and 4 and 12 months postoperatively, along with mortality and re-operations.

Results:

No differences were observed between men and women 4 and 12 months postoperatively regarding residential status (p = 0.181 vs p = 0.883), mortality rates (p = 0.232 vs p = 0.880) or total activities of daily living scores (p = 0.546 vs p = 0.435). Walking ability was better among male patients prefracture (p < 0.001) and 4 and 12 months after fracture (p < 0.001, p = 0.031, respectively). In age-matched pair analysis, no differences were found regarding mortality, residential status, walking ability, or ADL score. Cox regression analysis identified mortality risk factors as being age, prefracture ADL score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score 4–5 and place of rehabilitation. Sex was not mortality risk factor.

Interpretation:

Home-dwelling male and female patients had similar courses of recovery from hip fracture, although there were singular differences in specific activities of daily living functions and postoperative pain. There were no differences in mortality, even when prefracture characteristics were considered. Mortality was higher among older patients and who had high American Society of Anesthesiologists scores and low prefracture activities of daily living scores.
Role of welding processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of nuclear grade stainless steel joints
Authors: Rajasekaran R , Lakshminarayanan AK , Vasudevan M , Vasantharaja P
Published: May 2019

Nuclear grade 316LN austenitic stainless steel weld joints were fabricated using conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), activated flux gas tungsten arc welding (AGTAW), laser beam welding (LBW) and friction stir welding (FSW) processes. Assessment of weld beads was done by mechanical and metallurgical characterizations. Bead geometry and weld zones were studied by taking macrographs along the transverse side of the weld joints. Metallurgical features of different weld joints were carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness distribution across four weld joints was recorded and hardness variations were compared. All weld zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) of GTAW and LBW, thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of FSW processes, exhibited higher hardness values than the base metal. Reduced hardness was recorded at HAZ of AGTAW process. This was the result of a considerable grain growth. LBW joint showed the highest hardness value at the center of the fusion zone due to fine equiaxed dendrite morphology. Tensile and impact properties of different welding processes were evaluated and comparisons were made at room temperature. All weld samples displayed high yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) with a lower percentage of elongation compared to that of the base metal. FSW joint showed improved YS, UTS and impact toughness compared to other weld joints. This is attributed to the formation of strain-free fine equiaxed grains at stir zone around 5 µm in size with subgrains of 2 µm in size by severe dynamic recrystallization mechanism. Among the fusion welding techniques, AGTAW process exhibited improved toughness, besides almost equal toughness of the base metal due to low δ-Ferrite with high austenite content. Fractography studies of the base metal and different weld samples were carried out by SEM analysis and features were compared.
Colon Cancer Cell Secretes EGF to Promote M2 Polarization of TAM Through EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Lian Guanghui , Chen Shuijiao , Ouyang Miao , Li Fujun , Chen Linlin , Yang Junwen
Published: May 2019

Background:

Tumor environment has been recognized to affect cancer cell progression, such as tumor-associated macrophages. However, increasing evidences suggest that tumor cells are capable of regulating polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of how colon cancer cell impacts tumor-associated macrophages polarization.

Methods:

We employed flow cytometry to detect marker molecules on macrophage membrane, such as CD68, CD16, and CD204. In addition, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine the level of these cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and Arginase-1) secreted by colon cancer cells into the culture medium. Western blot was utilized to probe downstream proteins of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.

Results:

We cocultured colon cancer cell lines (HCT8 or HCT116) with human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1) and found that interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β levels were reduced, and instead, interleukin-10 and Arginase-1 levels were elevated, suggesting that colon cancer cells contributed to M2 polarization of THP-1. Meanwhile, high level of various growth factors (transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], epidermal growth factor [EGF], and hepatocyte growth factor [HGF]) was observed in the medium of THP-1 cocultured with colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the protein level of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR significantly increased in THP-1 cell cocultured with colon cancer cells compared to THP-1 group. Besides, we established that colon cancer cells exerted their stimulatory effect on M2 polarization of macrophage from monocyte THP-1 using EGFR antibody mAb225 and PI3K inhibitor LY294002.

Conclusion:

We provide evidence that EGF which are secreted by colon cancer cells play contributory role in M2 polarization of macrophages, which support the notion that tumor environment, including tumor-associated macrophages, can be targeted to develop effective strategies for treating cancer.
Experimental investigation of the microstructures and tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers exposed to elevated temperatures in air
Authors: Li Chenggao , Xian Guijun
Published: May 2019

The elevated temperature resistance and even fire resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites were critical concerns in many applications. These properties of a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer depend not only on the degradation of the polymer matrix but also on that of the carbon fibers under elevated temperatures. In this study, influences of elevated temperatures (by 700°C for 30 min) in air on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a carbon fiber were investigated experimentally. It was found that the tensile strength and modulus as well as the diameters of the carbon fibers were reduced remarkably when the treatment temperatures exceeded 500°C. At the same time, the content of the structurally ordered carbonaceous components on the surface of carbon fibers and the graphite microcrystal size were reduced, while the graphite interlayer spacing ( d002) was enhanced. The deteriorated tensile modulus was attributed to the reduced graphite microcrystal size and the reduced thickness of the skin layer of the carbon fiber, while the degraded tensile strength was mainly attributed to the weakened cross-linking between the graphite planes.
Clinical outcomes of patients receiving prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory support
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Jung Jae-Seung , Hong Sang-Bum , Cho Woo Hyun , Lee Sang-Min , Cho Young-Jae , Park Sunghoon , Koo So-My , Park Seung Yong , Chang Youjin , Kang Byung Ju , Kim Jung-Hyun , Oh Jin Young , Park So Hee , Yoo Jung-Wan , Sim Yun Su , Jeon Kyeongman
Published: May 2019

Background:

There are limited data regarding prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, despite increase in ECMO use and duration in patients with respiratory failure. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of severe acute respiratory failure patients supported with prolonged ECMO for more than 28 days.

Methods:

Between January 2012 and December 2015, all consecutive adult patients with severe acute respiratory failure who underwent ECMO for respiratory support at 16 tertiary or university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea were enrolled retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: short-term group defined as ECMO for ⩽28 days and long-term group defined as ECMO for more than 28 days. In-hospital and 6-month mortalities were compared between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 487 patients received ECMO support for acute respiratory failure during the study period, and the median support duration was 8 days (4–20 days). Of these patients, 411 (84.4%) received ECMO support for ⩽28 days (short-term group), and 76 (15.6%) received support for more than 28 days (long-term group). The proportion of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease as a cause of respiratory failure was higher in the long-term group than in the short-term group (22.4% versus 7.5%, p < 0.001), and the duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO was longer (4 days versus 1 day, p < 0.001). The hospital mortality rate (60.8% versus 69.7%, p = 0.141) and the 6-month mortality rate (66.2% versus 74.0%, p = 0.196) were not different between the two groups. ECMO support longer than 28 days was not associated with hospital mortality in univariable and multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:

Short- and long-term survival rates among patients receiving ECMO support for more than 28 days for severe acute respiratory failure were not worse than those among patients receiving ECMO for 28 days or less.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug effects on renal and cardiovascular function: from physiology to clinical practice
Authors: Cabassi Aderville , Tedeschi Stefano , Perlini Stefano , Verzicco Ignazio , Volpi Riccardo , Gonzi Gianluca , Canale Stefano Del
Published: May 2019

Excessive or inappropriate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can affect cardiovascular and renal function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, both non-selective and selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, are among the most widely used drugs, especially in the elderly, with multiple comorbidities. Exposition to a polypharmacy burden represents a favourable substrate for the onset of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced deleterious effects. Cardiovascular and renal issues concerning the occurrence of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and arterial hypertension, as well as acute or chronic kidney damage, become critical for clinicians in their daily practice. We discuss current available knowledge regarding prostanoid physiology in vascular, cardiac and renal systems, pointing out potential negative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related issues in clinical practice.
Childhood obesity in Mexico: A critical analysis of the environmental factors, behaviours and discourses contributing to the epidemic
Authors: Turnbull Bernardo , Gordon Sarah Frances , Martínez-Andrade Gloria Oliva , González-Unzaga Marco
Published: May 2019

Mexico has the highest prevalence globally for children who are overweight. We conducted a qualitative study to understand childhood obesity in Mexico and the complex factors at play. Data were collected at three elementary schools in a low socio-economic area in Mexico City. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 children, 24 parents and 28 teachers. The children interviewed were between the ages of 8 and 12 years old. Interview texts were analysed using NVivo 9 and 10 and thematic discourse analysis was used. Findings revealed how children’s choices around nutrition and physical activity were constrained by their environment and discursive constructions.
The impact of moral philosophy and moral intensity on purchase behavior toward sustainable textile and apparel products
Authors: Hong Heesook , Kang Ji Hye
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the causal–effect relationships among moral philosophy, moral intensity, and purchase behavior toward environmentally sustainable textile and apparel products. A research model incorporating two dimensions of moral philosophy (i.e., idealism and relativism), five dimensions of moral intensity (i.e., magnitude, probability, temporal immediacy, proximity, and social consensus), and purchase behavior toward sustainable textile and apparel products was tested using consumer data collected from a wide age range of Korean females through online surveys. Organic and naturally dyed textile and apparel products were selected as focal interests of this study due to the significance of the two product markets in Korea. The results revealed that, of the two dimensions of moral philosophy, only idealism had a significant impact on overall moral intensity and moral intensity had a significant impact on consumer purchase behavior toward sustainable textile and apparel products, which confirmed the sequential relationship among the variables. As the first attempt, to our knowledge, to apply an ethical view to environmentally sustainable textile and apparel product consumption, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the determinants of sustainable textile and apparel consumption among Korean consumers and the development of effective marketing communication strategies targeting Korean consumers.
The Importance of Rootedness in the Study of Appalachian English
Authors: Reed Paul E.
Published: May 2019

The relationship of a speaker’s language to their sense of place has been a focus of much of the sociolinguistic literature and dialect studies. However, the use of differing methodologies and measures makes comparison and contrast of the importance of place across different communities and social contexts problematic and drawing overarching conclusions challenging. To resolve this, the current article presents a way to quantitatively measure place-attachment using a Rootedness Metric that is both adaptable and comparable, permitting more nuanced understandings of place and language. Through three case studies, the author presents evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of the Rootedness Metric to better understand how attachment to place impacts the phonetic variation in Appalachia. Inclusion of rootedness helps to explain why demographically similar speakers have divergent production, while the production of dissimilar speakers patterns alike.
Η επίδραση του οικογενειακού περιβάλλοντος στην εκπαιδευτική προσαρμογή νηπίων ινδικής καταγωγής
Authors: Kontogianni Dionisia
Published: May 2019

The present study focuses on families of Indian immigrants. The subjects in question come from the state of Panjab and have a Sikh religion.  Purpose of the study is to show the linguistic and sociocultural conditions that the Indian preschoolers experience in their family life in Greece. As long as the family is the basic area of the children’ socialization, the culture that the children experience in their family environment specifies the linguistic and cultural background when they start attending the Greek preschool. The data of the case-study in question were gathered through the interviews given by eleven parents of the preschoolers and three kindergarten teachers. What the data analysis has shown is a tendency of linguistic and sociocultural separation of the families from the dominant language and culture. This separation has a direct impact on the children’ adaptation at school. The tendency that the analysis has shown is related to the desire of the family to preserve the ethnocultural and religious identity of their country and is increased due to the restricted role of the woman inside the family and the community. It is also supported by the social role that the temple built by the Indian community at Rethymno plays.
What aspects of the home literacy environment differentiate Chinese children at risk for reading difficulties from their not at risk controls?
Authors: Zhang Su Zhen , Georgiou George K. , Shu Hua
Published: May 2019

We examined what aspects of the home literacy environment (formal home literacy activities, informal home literacy activities, access to literacy resources, age of onset of literacy instruction, child’s interest in reading, and parents’ expectations) differentiate Chinese children at risk for reading difficulties from their not-at-risk controls. Eighteen children from Jining, China, who were at risk for reading difficulties and 32 not-at-risk controls participated in the study. Their parents also participated in the study by filling out a home literacy questionnaire, by recording the daily parent-child reading activities (diary), and by completing the Children’s Title Recognition Checklist. Group comparisons revealed significant differences only in items measuring children’s access to literacy resources and reading interest. Results of discriminant function analyses further showed that the home literacy environment variables could discriminate well between the children at risk for reading difficulties and their controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that to the extent environment plays a role in reading difficulties in Chinese, this should be traced to factors such as child’s interest in reading and access to literacy resources.
Case Report: Investigation and molecular genetic diagnosis of familial hypomagnesaemia: a case report
Authors: Willows Jamie , Al Badi Maryam , Richardson Chloe , Edwards Noel , Rice Sarah , Sayer John A.
Published: May 2019

Genetic mutations causing familial hypomagnesaemia syndromes are well-recognised.  Affected patients can present with severe symptoms of hypomagnesaemia, such as seizures or cardiac arrhythmia.  We report an affected child, from a consanguineous family, who presented in the first weeks of life with seizures secondary to hypomagnesaemia, without other associated clinical features.  We performed whole exome sequencing in the affected child and segregation analysis within the family, which revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in TRPM6, which was confirmed as a heterozygous allele in both parents and two younger siblings who had transient hypomagnesaemia. Using in silico modelling, we provide evidence that the missense variant p.(K1098E) in TRPM6 is pathogenic, as it disrupts stabilising TRP domain interactions. Management of familial hypomagnesaemia relies on prompt recognition, early magnesium replacement and lifelong monitoring.
On the explicit use of experimental images in high resolution cryo-EM reﬁnement
Authors: Cherfils Jacqueline , Navaza Jorge
Published: May 2019

Single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is transforming structural biology by enabling the analysis of difficult macromolecular specimens, such as membrane proteins or large complexes with flexible elements, at near atomic resolution with an accuracy close to that of X-ray crystallography. As the technique continues to improve, it is important to assess and exploit its full potential to produce the most possible reliable atomic models. Here we propose to use the experimental images as the data for refinement and validation, instead of the reconstructed maps as currently used. This procedure, which is in spirit quite similar to that used in X-ray crystallography where the data include experimental phases, should contribute to improve the quality of the models.
INFLUENCE OF MAIN SOIL TREATMENT ON MICROBIOTA AND BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL VOLGA AREA
Authors: Марковская Галина , Markovskaya Galina , Чугунова Ольга , Chugunova Olga
Published: May 2019

The researches are targeted at the efficiency increase of summer barley by application of various ways of soil main processing, in the conditions of insufficient moistening of Central Volga area. Researches were conducted in two the five-field crop rotations on pilot fields of «Agriculture, Soil Science, Agro Chemistry and Land Registry» depart-ment of the Samara GSHA in 2005-2008. The following options of soil main processing were studied: plowing on depth of
20-22 cm; loosening on 10-12 cm; zero processing. Average samples during three stages were investigated from the pilot field of all options of soil processing in triple frequency: in a phase of shoots, heading and after harvesting. Samples taken from various depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm, were crushed and sifted. Assessment of total number and ratio of main groups of microorganisms in the soil were carried out by method of microbiological seed-ing of soil mixture on solid nutrient mediums. Content seeding was sterilized in the autoclave. Bacterial inoculation was made on the meat-peptonny agar (MPA), actinomycetes – on the starch-and ammonia agar (SAA), micromy-cetes – on Czapek's. The productivity of summer barley was determined by the mechanized method with regard to area. Soil microbiocenosis change under the influence of various ways of processing was considered. As a result of the conducted researches influence of the fallow tillage on productivity of barley is noted. Barley used with green manured fallow for seeding increases its productivity by 5.5%. Its influence on the general biogennost of the soil is noted. The traditional processing of the soil had no significant effect on productivity of the studied culture.
Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association for treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part I: Treatment of depression
Authors: Samochowiec Jerzy , Rybakowski Janusz , Galecki Piotr , Szulc Agata , Rymaszewska Joanna , Cubiała Wieslaw , Dudek Dominika
Published: May 2019

Leczenie zaburzeń depresyjnych u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym wymaga szczególnej uwagi ze względu na prawdopodobieństwo planowanej lub nieplanowanej ciąży oraz specyfikę zaburzeń nastroju związanych z okresem perinatalnym. Lekarz prowadzący leczenie depresji u kobiety w wieku rozrodczym powinien otwarcie rozmawiać z pacjentką o jej seksualności i możliwości zajścia w ciążę. Psychiatra może spotkać się z różnego rodzaju problemami jak: decyzja terapeutyczna u kobiety, która choruje na nawracającą depresję i zażywa w celach profilaktycznych lub podtrzymujących leki przeciwdepresyjne i zachodzi bądź planuje zajście w ciążę, postępowanie w przypadku wystąpienia epizodu depresyjnego u kobiety będącej już w ciąży, postępowanie w przypadku wystąpienia depresji poporodowej, leczenie przeciwdepresyjne w kontekście karmienia piersią. Rekomendacje zostały przygotowane przez grupę roboczą Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego w oparciu o najnowsze światowe standardy oraz opinie i konsensus ekspertów. Opisano ogólne zasady postępowania terapeutycznego z uwzględnieniem danych na temat bezpieczeństwa leków przeciwdepresyjnych.
Recommendations of the Polish Psychiatric Association regarding the treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part II: Bipolar disorder
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz , Cubała Wiesław , Gałecki Piotr , Rymaszewska Joanna , Samochowiec Jerzy , Szulc Agata , Dudek Dominika
Published: May 2019

W artykule przedstawiono rekomendacje Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego dotyczące postępowania farmakologicznego w ciąży i okresie poporodowym u kobiet z chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową. Problem ten dotyczy co 20 kobiety chcącej zajść w ciążę. Przed planowaną ciążą należy uzyskać kilkumiesięczną stabilizację stanu psychicznego, ustalenie na jednym leku normotymicznym (z wyjątkiem walproinianu oraz karbamazepiny) do mleka matki lub stopniowe odstawianie leków w przypadku łagodnego przebiegu choroby i braku nawrotów w ostatnich 2 latach. W pierwszym trymestrze ciąży należy zmniejszyć dawkę stosowanego leku normotymicznego (węglanu litu do 500 mg/dobę). Depresję w okresie ciąży można leczyć kwetiapiną lub lamotriginą lub dodać lek przeciwdepresyjny do stosowanego leczenia normotymicznego. Atypowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne o własnościach normotymicznych można stosować w przypadku stanów (hipo)maniakalnych lub mieszanych. Po porodzie należy jak najszybciej włączyć lek normotymiczny w celu zapobieżenia zaburzeniom poporodowym. W leczeniu depresji poporodowej można zastosować kwetiapinę lub dodać lek przeciwdepresyjny do stosowanego leczenia normotymicznego. W przypadku rozważania karmienia piersią należy pamiętać, że niski wskaźnik przenikania mleka do matki posiają walproinian, olanzapina, kwetiapina, sertralina i paroksetyna, a wysoki – lit i lamotrigina. W przypadku wystąpienia psychozy poporodowej konieczna jest hospitalizacja psychiatryczna i leczenie przeciwpsychotyczne.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

bez streszczenia
Social support and sense of life in patients with anxiety disorders – preliminary report
Authors: Kroplewski Zdzisław , Serocka Alicja , Szcześniak Małgorzata
Published: May 2019

Cel pracy

Weryfikacja poziomu postrzegania odczuwanego wsparcia społecznego oraz poczucia sensu życia wśród osób z zaburzeniami lękowymi i osób zdrowych; ocena zależności między wymienionymi zmiennymi.

Metoda

Zastosowano Kwestionariusz Wsparcia Społecznego w wersji skróconej (F-SozU K-22) G. Sommera i T. Fydricha oraz Kwestionariusz Postaw Życiowych (LAP-R) G. T. Rekera.

Wyniki

Wsparcie społeczne i jego wymiary okazują się znacząco niższe w grupie pacjentów z zaburzeniami lękowymi. Osoby zdrowe charakteryzują się wyższym poczuciem poczucia celu oraz kontroli nad życiem, większą spójnością wewnętrzną, osobowym sensem i równowagą postaw życiowych, przy mniejszym nasileniu doświadczania pustki egzystencjalnej. Wyższy poziom wsparcia emocjonalnego i starszy wiek wiążą się z wyższym poziomem poczucia sensu życia u osób cierpiących na zaburzenia lękowe.

Wnioski

W celach prewencyjnych i terapeutycznych, istotne jest podtrzymywanie, a także rozwijanie wewnętrznych zasobów jednostki (poczucie sensu życia i doświadczenie wynikające z wieku). Wydaje się również zasadnym stosowanie wśród pacjentów z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi psychoterapii nakierowanej na zmianę tych schematów funkcjonowania osobowości, które uniemożliwiają im budowanie sieci wsparcia społecznego. Wynika to z faktu, że zaburzenia lękowe często charakteryzują się niższą ufnością, unikaniem relacji interpersonalnych, zafałszowaną percepcją wsparcia społecznego, co prowadzi do zniekształconej interpretacji działań wspierających.
Intermediary role of mood in the way music affects emotional reception of visual stimuli in adolescents
Authors: Chęć Magdalena , Ligocka Maria , Janik Inga , Samochowiec Jerzy , Samochowiec Agnieszka
Published: May 2019

Cel pracy

Muzyka w życiu każdego, zwłaszcza młodego człowieka, odgrywa bardzo ważną rolę w odbiorze emocjonalnym rzeczywistości.
Celem pracy było określenie znaczenia pośredniczącej roli nastroju we wpływie muzyki na odbiór emocjonalny materiału obrazowego wśród adolescentów.

Metoda

W badaniu eksperymentalnym uczestniczyło 388 adolescentów (13 - 15 lat). Wykorzystano pozawerbalne narzędzie do badania emocji i uwagi (The International Affective Picture System), Kartę Nastroju i Kwestionariusz dla Młodzieży. Ponadto w eksperymencie zaprezentowano utwory reprezentujące tzw. środek trzech gatunków muzycznych (hip-hop, pop i metal).

Wyniki

Wyniki wskazały, że aktualny nastrój nastolatka wyznaczał odbiór emocjonalny zdjęć. Dobry nastrój wiązał się z obniżeniem pobudzenia emocjonalnego podczas odbioru neutralnych zdjęć (po wysłuchaniu muzyki metalowej i pop) oraz wywoływał większą przyjemność z oglądania pozytywnych i neutralnych zdjęć. Oglądanie negatywnych zdjęć przy średnim i dobrym nastroju wywoływało mniejszą przyjemność niż oglądanie ich w złym nastroju. Muzyka hip-hop i zły nastrój łączyły się z większym pobudzeniem emocjonalnym przy neutralnych zdjęciach. Żaden z wyników nie wykazał zależności pomiędzy słuchaniem przez młodzież (przy gorszym nastroju) muzyki z gatunku metal czy hip-hop a pozytywnym postrzeganiem obrazów.

Wnioski

Przeprowadzone badania były próbą określenia związku pomiędzy trudnymi do uchwycenia czynnikami: nastrojem, muzyką i odbiorem emocjonalnym obrazów przez młodzież w okresie adolescencji. Mimo trudności metodologicznych zależność ta została ustalona.
Predictive role of retrospective assessment of parental attitudes of fathers vs. perfectionism and self-esteem of women in early adulthood
Authors: Walęcka-Matyja Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

Cel pracy

Celem badań było określenie zróżnicowania w zakresie samooceny i perfekcjonizmu w grupach kobiet wyróżnionych w oparciu o kryterium jakości retrospektywnej oceny postaw rodzicielskich ojców. Poszukiwano także wartości predykcyjnej retrospektywnie ujętych postaw rodzicielskich ojców dla perfekcjonizmu i samooceny kobiet w okresie wczesnej dorosłości oraz związków samooceny z rodzajami perfekcjonizmu.

Metoda

W badaniach uczestniczyło 87 kobiet w okresie wczesnej dorosłości (M=21,64, SD=4,84), pochodzących z województwa łódzkiego. Zastosowano następujące narzędzia badawcze: Kwestionariusz Retrospektywnej Oceny Postaw Rodziców, Kwestionariusz Perfekcjonizmu Adaptacyjnego i Dezadaptacyjnego, Wielowymiarowy Kwestionariusz Samooceny.

Wyniki

Uzyskane rezultaty badań wskazują na występowanie zróżnicowania w zakresie samooceny i perfekcjonizmu kobiet w zależności od retrospektywnej oceny postaw rodzicielskich ojców. Kobiety negatywnie oceniające postawy rodzicielskie ojców uzyskały wyższe wyniki średnie w zakresie perfekcjonizmu dezadaptacyjnego oraz niższe w zakresie samooceny ogólnej i jej wymiarów (tj. bycie kochanym, samokontrola, obronne wzmacnianie samooceny, samoakceptacja, popularność, integracja tożsamości) niż kobiety określające postawy rodzicielskie ojców jako pozytywne. Stwierdzono, że retrospektywna ocena postaw rodzicielskich ojców, rozpatrywana zarówno w aspekcie pozytywnym jak i negatywnym miała wartość predykcyjną, w kierunku zgodnym z oczekiwaniami dla perfekcjonizmu dezadaptacyjnego oraz samooceny ogólnej i jej wymiarów. Wykazano występowanie istotnych związków między rodzajami perfekcjonizmu oraz samooceną ogólną.

Wnioski

Wskazanie na rolę retrospektywnej oceny postaw rodzicielskich ojców w kształtowaniu samooceny i perfekcjonizmu młodych kobiet przyczynia się zarówno do zaktualizowania wiedzy psychologicznej z tego zakresu, jak i ma istotne znaczenie w psychoterapii.