bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP90: Evidence of Acute Ischemic Injury Near Traumatic Vascular Injuryin Patients Following Head Trauma
Authors: Griffin Allison , Turtzo Lisa C , Latour Lawrence
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
After head trauma, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesions may be interpreted as ischemic stroke. In some patients, multiple traumatic microbleeds are seen on T2* MRI. Post-mortem data following severe injury shows underlying damage to the vessels (traumatic vascular injury (TVI)) with adjacent cell death. Here, in a cohort of patients with predominately mild injury, we investigate whether post-traumatic DWI lesions occur in close proximity to the T2* lesions characteristic of TVI.

Methods:
Subjects were included in this analysis if they consented, received MRI within 48 hours of injury, were DWI-positive, and had TVI identified by i) linear microbleeds; ii) more than 5 punctate traumatic microbleeds; and/ or iii) evidence of confluent petechial blood (contusion) on baseline T2* MRI. Diffusion and T2* images were reviewed together for TVI, lesions on DWI, and proximity (within 1 mm) to one another. Regions on DWI confounded by extra-axial hemorrhage were excluded.

Results:
Of 581 patients enrolled over 78-month period, 104 (18%) met criteria. Subjects were 52 (34.5-67) years old, 23 (22%) female, 77 (74%) white, mostly mild with 55 (53%) having GCS=15, 30 (29%) injured in MVA, 55 (53%) by fall, and were imaged 26 (16.9, 37.9) hours from injury. DWI lesions were observed in proximity to TVI in 85 (82%) patients. Linear lesions were detected in 24 (23%), more than 5 punctate in 3 (3%) and confluent petechial blood in 36 (35%) patients. 41 (39%) patients had one or more classifications. There was an association between linear appearing lesions on T2* and lesions on DWI (p=0.001).

Discussion:
Evidence of ischemic injury to the parenchyma with a hyperintense lesion on DWI and/or low ADC is seen frequently in patients with TVI and in proximity to the vascular lesion (Fig1). While direct injury to the parenchyma cannot be ruled out, the appearance of the lesion on DWI suggests primary injury to the vasculature followed by secondary ischemic injury to the tissue.
Abstract WP94: Association of Corneal and Retinal Nerves With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Khan Adnan , Kamran Saadat , Akhtar Naveed , Ponirakis Georgios , Petropoulos Ioannis N , Muhannadi Hamad , Gad Hoda Y , Ahmed Nagi E , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) confers an increased risk of stroke, dementia and death. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are ophthalmic instruments which can detect neuronal loss non-invasively and may be useful surrogate markers for white matter disease (WMD).

Hypothesis:
To determine whether corneal and retinal nerve pathology identified using CCM and OCT, respectively, are associated with cerebral SVD in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
248 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke underwent CCM to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and OCT to quantify central foveal ganglion cell complex (CF-GCC). SVD was graded in periventricular (PV) and deep white matter (DWM) regions according to the Fazekas scale and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and multiple regression.

Results:
DWMSVD and PVSVD were absent (50%,40%) or present with mild (37%,37%), moderate (9%,16%) and severe (4%,7%) severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. CNFD was significantly lower in patients with mild PVSVD (P=0.02) and severe PVSVD (P=0.004) and DWMSVD (P=0.026) compared to no SVD. CNBD was significantly lower in patients with severe PVSVD (P=0.020) compared to no PVSVD. CF-GCC was significantly lower in patients with moderate PVSVD (P=0.012) and DWMSVD (P=0.044) and severe PVSVD (P=0.012) compared to no SVD. Comparing patients with and without WMH, CF-GCC was significantly lower (P=0.045), but there was no difference for CCM.

Multiple regression analysis showed an association between CNFD and PVSVD severity (β= –1.416, P=0.014) and triglyerides

(β=1.146, P=0.016). There was no correlation between DWSVD and PVSVD with age, cholestrol, HbA
1c
or blood pressure.

Conclusions:
Corneal confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography allow rapid non-invasive identification of corneal and retinal nerve pathology in patients with moderate and severe SVD. Furthermore, corneal nerve fibre density correlates with the severity of PVSVD and triglycerides.
Abstract WP99: Validating a Prediction Rule for Identifying Stroke Mimics Evaluated Over Telestroke in a Population of Face-to-Face Acute Stroke Evaluations
Authors: Ali Syed F , Duda Julian , Meyer Dawn , Schwamm Lee , Meyer Brett
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
We recently published a risk prediction score for telestroke (TS) encounters to differentiate stroke mimics (SM) from ischemic cerebrovascular disease, derived and validated at multiple telestroke sites across the US and Europe. In this study, we assessed if it could be applied to a comprehensive stroke center, non-telemedicine, stroke code registry.

Method:
In this IRB approved analysis, we performed ROC curve analysis on retrospectively assessed prospectively collected data from acute stroke code registry database for patients from 10/2004 to 7/2018. We tested only characteristics previously shown to be associated with SM. The TM score = (Age multiplied by 0.2) + 6 (if Hx of atrial fib) + 3 (if Hx of HTN) + 9 (if facial weakness) + 5 (if NIHSS > 14) - 6 (if Hx of seizure)).

Result:
Based on final diagnosis, SM accounted for 1,978/4,185 (47.2%) of patients. Age, NIHSS > 14, facial weakness, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and seizure were all significantly associated with diagnosis of SM. The TM Score performed well on ROC curve analysis with AUC of 0.704 (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
This non-TS, face to face, validation cohort performed similarly to our validations at prior centers (0.70 vs 0.72). This finding not only continues to validate the TM score as an effective tool in assessing the ability to predict SMs, but also broadens its potential for use in non-TS populations. It is promising that it performed well despite a substantially higher proportion of SMs than in TS encounters where some may have already been screened out. Tools like the TM score may help highlight key clinical differences between mimics and stroke patients during complex, time-critical acute evaluations.
The genus Aphelocheirus Westwood, 1833 (Hemiptera: Aphelocheiridae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: CARBONELL JOSÉ ANTONIO , ABELLÁN PEDRO , ARRIBAS PAULA , ELDER JEAN FRANÇOIS , MILLÁN ANDRÉS
Published: January 2019

This study updates current knowledge of the relationships and geographical distributions of the species from the genus Aphelocheirus in the Iberian Peninsula which, until now, have been involved in nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. The morphological and molecular analyses presented in this study confirm the taxonomic validity of A. murcius and the absence of A. aestivalis in the Iberian Peninsula. The shape of the left paramere emerged as the only valid characteristic to differentiate both species. Specimens of Aphelocheirus from northern Spain, previously identified as A. murcius, formed an independent lineage genetically distinct to A. murcius and A. aestivalis, although morphologically indistinguishable from A. murcius.
Two new species of Parisotoma (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: POTAPOV MIKHAIL , JANION CHARLENE , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: January 2019

Two new species, Parisotoma sexsetosa sp. nov. and P. obscurocellata sp. nov., are described from the Western Cape Province in South Africa. The former is characterized with 2+2 ocelli and 4 sensilla in the p-row on each side of three first abdominal segments, the latter with 5+5 or more ocelli and 3+3 chaetae on the postlabial area. Both species have only 6 posterior chaetae on dens. A comparison of South African and Asiatic Parisotoma species is given. Sensillar chaetotaxy of the third and fourth abdominal segments is critical in the separation of these geographically distinct groups.
Taxonomy of Anterastes and related genera: a new synonym and a new species of Anterastes
Authors: KAYA SARP , CIPLAK BATTAL
Published: January 2019

Among the Anatolian Tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) the genera Anterastes, Koroglus, Sureyaella and Rhacocleis are distinguishable from the others by presence of one pair of spurs on the apico-ventral end of hind tibiae. The last two can be easily distinguished from the others by several distinct features, but the separation of the first two from each other is problematic. A new species described here provided opportunity of re-evaluating their taxonomy. The new species Anterastes antecessor sp. n. is described based on morphology, male calling song and genetic data. The taxonomy of Anterastes and Koroglus is rectified based on phylogentic hypotheses obtained from representative 16S rDNA haplotypes. Sureyaella bella, Parapholidoptera signata and Bolua turkiyae are used as out groups in different combinations to obtain a more stable phylogeny. Although analyses with different outgroups suggested the same topology, the phylogenetic tree with outgroups Parapholidoptera signata and Bolua turkiyae resulted with the highest bootstrap supports to the branches. Phylogenetic trees suggested the following relationships for the ingroup species; (A. antecessor sp. n. + ((Koroglus disparalatus + A. uludaghensis) + (A. turcicus + (A. niger + (A. ucari + A. babadaghi))) + ((A. tolunayi + (A. serbicus + A. antitauricus + A. burri)))). Considering the phylogenetic hypotheses and characters used in previous publications, Koroglus is put in synonymy with Anterastes, and a new combination is suggested for the only species of the former Anterastes disparalatus comb. n. A short remark is given about the characters used in the generic taxonomy of the group.
Additions and amendments to “Aphids on the World’s Plants”
Authors: BLACKMAN ROGER L. , EASTOP VICTOR F.
Published: January 2019

An annotated list is provided of the most significant errors and omissions from a series of books on aphids on the world’s plants. Some of the problems of ensuring the provision of accurate scientific information, both as hard copy and on-line, are discussed.
Two new Patagonian species of Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: MARINO PABLO I. , TÓTHOVÁ ANDREA , SPINELLI GUSTAVO R
Published: January 2019

Two new species of the subgenus Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) from Patagonia, Atrichopogon (M.) macrodentatum from the Nothofagus forests, and A. (M.) monomorphicus from steppe areas in the ecotone with forests, are described and a key of the Patagonian species of the subgenus is provided.
Water mites of the genus Monatractides Viets (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from New Guinea, with descriptions of nine new species
Authors: PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR , SMIT HARRY
Published: January 2019

New records of water mites of the genus Monatractides Viets, 1926 (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) from streams in Papua Province, New Guinea, Indonesia are presented. Nine new species are described: Monatractides novaeguineae, M. papuensis, M. nipsanicus, M. sentanicus, M. abepurus, M. bionus, M. sahuli, M. alticolus and M. humilis. A redescription of Monatractides papillatus (Smit, 1996) is given. A key to the species of Monatractides from Papua Province is presented.
Taxonomic catalogue of the Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Grand Caribbean
Authors: DELGADO-BLAS VICTOR HUGO , SALAZAR-SILVA PATRICIA
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to provide a revised taxonomic catalogue of Spionidae species recorded from the Grand Caribbean. The names included were compiled from the checklists of Salazar-Vallejo (1996) and Perkins and Savage (1975). Names were revised and updated based on recent revisions. For each species, the original name is included together with current and previous names under which it has been recorded; all with associated citations. The type locality of each species, museum or institution where the type materials are deposited, and comments on systematics and geographic distributions are also included. The catalogue lists 66 species in 24 genera and at the end a list of species with questionable distribution in the Grand Caribbean is included.
Platycleis galvagnii, a peculiar new bushcricket from Sardinia (Italy) (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: FONTANA PAOLO , BUZZETTI FILIPPO M. , KLEUKERS ROY M. J. C. , ODÉ BAUDEWIJN
Published: January 2019

Platycleis galvagnii n. sp. from Sardinia (Italy) is described. In general habitus the new taxon is close to Platycleis sensu strictu, albeit very small in size. When looking at other characters the species does not seem to fit within one of the groups recognised within Platycleis s.l., but for the moment the species is placed in Platycleis s.s.. The species is characterised by a range of morphological and bioacoustic characters. Its real affiliations with other species within the Platycleis complex need to be established further. For the moment the species is known only from the type locality, Gennargentu mountain in the central part of Sardinia.
Two new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae) from the Caatinga, Northwest Brazil
Authors: ARIAS FEDERICO , DE CARVALHO CELSO MORATO , RODRIGUES MIGUEL TREFAUT , ZAHER HUSSAM
Published: January 2019

Two syntopic species of Cnemidophorus are described from the Caatingas of the Parque Nacional da Serra das Confusões (PNSC), located in the Southwestern region of the state of Piauí in Brazil. Both species are assigned to the ocellifer group, differing from all other members of the group by their distinct color pattern and lepidosis. Besides these differences, both new species share a number of particular features with other members of the group. One of them, C. venetacaudus, shares with C. abaetensis and C. littoralis the presence of spurs in the heels of males, six supraciliar scales, a high number of femoral pores (from 21–45), a row of enlarged scales in the dorsal region of the arm, 8–10 rows of ventral scales, and a bright bluish-green tail, while the other species, C. confusionibus, shares with C. ocellifer, C. mumbuca, and C. jalapensis a low number of femoral pores, enlarged scales in the temporal region (posterior to third subocular), 5 supraciliar scales, and 6–8 rows of ventral scales. Based on these comparisons, we suggest that the ocellifer group is more complex than previously admitted, being composed by at least two morphologically recognizable species subgroups.
The forgotten Narrative of H.M.S. Challenger and the implications for decapod nomenclature
Authors: FROGLIA CARLO , CLARK PAUL F.
Published: January 2019

The Narrative of the Challenger cruise was published in 1885 and contained valid descriptions of crustacean decapod taxa. While C.S. Bate (Challenger Macrura) mentioned the discovery of new taxa without making them valid, J.R. Henderson (Anomura) and E.J. Miers (Brachyura) provided short descriptions including figures that made several new names available. With a few exceptions, these valid scientific names together with their date of availability have been overlooked by almost all subsequent taxonomic studies. Consequently the decapod taxa named in the Challenger Narrative are listed and the implications for nomenclature in each case are discussed.
A new genus of hahniid spiders from Far East Asia (Araneae: Hahniidae)
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M.
Published: January 2019

Pacifantistea ovtchinnikovi gen. n. & sp. n. belonging to Hahniinae is described on the basis of males and females from Moneron Island, Kuril Islands, the southern part of Maritime Province, the southern part of Kamchatka and Hokkaido. P. ovtchinnikovi sp. n. is the largest species among Hahniinae. The new species is compared in detail with other large–sized Hahniinae: Neoantistea magna (Nearctic) and N. quelpartensis (SE Palaearctic). The poorly documented affinities of these additional two species are discussed and illustrated.
Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Neodryinus Perkins 1905 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae: Gonatopodinae), with description of a new species from China
Authors: XU ZAIFU , OLMI MASSIMO , HE JUNHUA
Published: January 2019

Seventeen Oriental species of the genus Neodryinus Perkins 1905 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae:) are revised and a key to the species is given. N. grandis Xu, Olmi et He, sp. nov. from China (Guangdong) is described and illustrated. The status of N. malayanus (Olmi) is resurrected.
Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from Andalusia, Spain, with the description of four new species
Authors: VAN STEENKISTE NIELS , TESSENS BART , KRZNARIC KATHLEEN , ARTOIS TOM
Published: January 2019

Nineteen taxa of Dalytyphloplanida Willems et al., 2006 collected from southwestern Andalusia are discussed. Although most taxa were found in freshwater, three are marine, one occurred in brackish water and Protoplanella simplex Reisinger, 1924 was even collected in a dry, limnoterrestrial habitat. Four taxa are new to science. Castrada purgatorialis n. sp., Castrada paradisea n. sp. and Strongylostoma devleeschouweri n. sp., all belong to the Typhloplanidae Graff, 1905. The first two species differ from other species of Castrada Schmidt, 1861 by the presence of a large accessory bursa and the morphology of the copulatory atrium. C. purgatorialis n. sp. has zoochlorellae while these are lacking in C. paradisea n. sp. Strongylostoma devleeschouweri n. sp. is unique because of its coalescing testes and because of the presence of a sphincter around the stalk of the seminal receptacle. Gieysztoria iberica n. sp. belongs to the Dalyelliidae Graff, 1905 and is characterized by the extreme length of the girdle of the stylet. Except for five taxa, all specimens were collected within the boundaries of the Doñana National Park. Most of the taxa could easily be identified to species level except for one taxon of Kytorhynchidae Rieger, 1974 and one species of Phaenocora Ehrenberg, 1836. Four species are new for the Iberian Peninsula. Three of these, Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Micoletzky, 1910, Promesostoma maculosum Ax, 1956 and Gieysztoria macrovariata (Weise, 1942) Ruebush & Hayes, 1939, were already known from other European localities, whereas Parapharyngiella involucrum Willems et al., 2005, a marine species, has previously only been found in Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Validation of the family Bathyporeiidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: D'ACOZ CEDRIC D'UDEKEM
Published: January 2019

The family Bathyporeiidae was introduced without description, and later on, when its first proper description appeared, was not considered as new. Therefore, it cannot be currently considered as a valid family. These procedural irregularities are corrected herein, and the the family is described de novo, with Bathyporeia as its type genus.
Paractinolaimus persicus sp. n. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from Iran
Authors: PANAHI HADI , SHOKOOHI EBRAHIM , VINCIGUERA MARIA T , CLAUSI MIRELLA , MASHELA PHATU. W.
Published: January 2019

A new species of the genus Paractinolaimus, namely, Paractinolaimus persicus sp. n., is described. It is characterised by body 2.3–2.6 mm long; low, truncate lip region; four massive, acute onchia; stoma walls covered with sparse tiny denticles; odontostyle 25–28 μm long; well developed, didelphic-amphidelphic female reproductive apparatus; vulva a longitudinal oval pore; absence of advulval papillae; female tail 146–224 µm long (c’ = 3.3–5.9), elongated filiform, curved ventrad, and with acute terminus; male tail convex conoid with blunt terminus; and 17–18 nearly contiguous ventromedian supplements. This species was recovered from the rhizosphere of wild grass. Line drawings, LM and SEM photographs and measurements are provided.
Analytical Solutions for Precipitation Size Distributions at Steady State
Authors: Garrett Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

Analytical solutions are derived for the steady-state size distributions of precipitating rain and snow particles assuming growth via collection of suspended cloud particles. Application of the Liouville equation to the transfer of precipitating mass through size bins in a “cascade” yields a characteristic gamma distribution with a Marshall–Palmer exponential tail with respect to particle diameter. For rain, the principle parameters controlling size distribution shape are cloud droplet liquid water path and cloud updraft speed. Stronger updrafts lead to greater concentrations of large precipitating drops and a peak in the size distribution. The solutions provide a means for relating size distributions measured in the air or on the ground to cloud bulk microphysical and dynamic properties.
A Multiscale Evaluation of Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in the Russian River Basin
Authors: Bytheway Janice L. , Abel Mimi R. , Mahoney Kelly , Cifelli Robert
Published: January 2019

The Russian River in northern California is an important hydrological resource that typically depends on a few significant precipitation events per year, often associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs), to maintain its annual water supply. Because of the highly variable nature of annual precipitation in the region, accurate quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) are necessary to drive hydrologic models and inform water management decisions. The basin’s location and complex terrain present a unique challenge to QPEs, with sparse in situ observations and mountains that inhibit remote sensing by ground radars. Gridded multisensor QPE datasets can fill in the gaps but are susceptible to both the errors and uncertainties from the ingested datasets and uncertainties due to interpolation methods. In this study a dense network of independently operated rain gauges is used to evaluate gridded QPE from the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) during 44 precipitation events occurring during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 wet seasons (October–March). The MRMS QPE products matched the gauge estimates of precipitation reasonably well in approximately half the cases but failed to capture the spatial distribution and intensity of the rainfall in the remaining cases. ERA-Interim reanalysis data suggest that the differences in performance are related to synoptic-scale patterns and AR landfall location. These synoptic-scale differences produce different rainfall distributions and influence basin-scale winds, potentially creating regions of small-scale precipitation enhancement or suppression. Data from four profiling radars indicated that a larger fraction of the precipitation in poorly captured events occurred as shallow stratiform rain unobserved by radar.
Observed Storm Track Dynamics in Drake Passage
Authors: Foppert Annie
Published: January 2019

The dynamics of an oceanic storm track—where energy and enstrophy transfer between the mean flow and eddies—are investigated using observations from an eddy-rich region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current downstream of the Shackleton Fracture Zone (SFZ) in Drake Passage. Four years of measurements by an array of current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders deployed between November 2007 and November 2011 are used to diagnose eddy–mean flow interactions and provide insight into physical mechanisms for these transfers. Averaged within the upper to mid-water column (400–1000-m depth) and over the 4-yr-record mean field, eddy potential energy is highest in the western part of the storm track and maximum eddy kinetic energy occurs farther away from the SFZ, shifting the proportion of eddy energies from to about 1 along the storm track. There are enhanced mean 3D wave activity fluxes immediately downstream of SFZ with strong horizontal flux vectors emanating northeast from this region. Similar patterns across composites of Polar Front and Subantarctic Front meander intrusions suggest the dynamics are set more so by the presence of the SFZ than by the eddy’s sign. A case study showing the evolution of a single eddy event, from 15 to 23 July 2010, highlights the storm-track dynamics in a series of snapshots. Consistently, explaining the eddy energetics pattern requires both horizontal and vertical components of W, implying the importance of barotropic and baroclinic processes and instabilities in controlling storm-track dynamics in Drake Passage.
Making Inferences About Teacher Observation Scores Over Time
Authors: Briggs Derek C. , Alzen Jessica L.
Published: January 2019

Observation protocol scores are commonly used as status measures to support inferences about teacher practices. When multiple observations are collected for the same teacher over the course of a year, some portion of a teacher’s score on each occasion may be attributable to the rater, lesson, and the time of year of the observation. All three of these are facets that can threaten the generalizability of teacher scores, but the role of time is easiest to overlook. A generalizability theory framework is used in this study to illustrate the concept of a hidden facet of measurement. When there are many temporally spaced observation occasions, it may be possible to support inferences about the growth in teaching practices over time as an alternative (or complement) to making inferences about status at a single point in time. This study uses longitudinal observation scores from the Measures of Effective Teaching project to estimate the reliability of teacher-level growth parameters for designs that vary in the number and spacing of observation occasions over a 2-year span. On the basis of a subsample of teachers scored using the Danielson Framework for Teaching, we show that at least eight observations over 2 years are needed before it would be possible to make distinctions in growth with a reliability coefficients of .39.
Motivations to Act for the Protection of Nature Biodiversity and the Environment: A Matter of “Significance”
Authors: Molinario Erica , Kruglanski Arie W. , Bonaiuto Flavia , Bonnes Mirilia , Cicero Lavinia , Fornara Ferdinando , Scopelliti Massimiliano , Admiraal Jeroen , Beringer Almut , Dedeurwaerdere Tom , deGroot Wouter , Hiedanpää Juha , Knights Paul , Knippenberg Luuk , Ovdenden Chris , Polajnar Horvat Katarina , Popa Florin , Porras-Gomez Carmen , Smrekar Aleš , Soethe Nathalie , Vivero-Pol Jose Luis , van den Born Riyan J. G. , Bonaiuto Marino
Published: January 2019

Environmental activism, defined as a range of difficult pro-environmental behaviors, is analyzed within the conceptual framework of Significance Quest Theory (SQT). In Study 1, 40 interviews were carried out on two groups of people in the European Union: Committed Actors for Nature (CANs, n = 25) versus Committed Actors for Society (CASs, n = 15). Results demonstrated that Significance Quest (SQ) motivates each group to be strongly committed to their chosen action and the main difference between them being in their ideology (pro-social vs. pro-environmental). In Study 2 ( N = 131), the relationship between SQ and intention to enact difficult pro-environmental behaviors was assessed. Results suggested that the higher the SQ, the higher the tendency to enact difficult pro-environmental behaviors, but not average or easy ones. Moreover, the higher the pro-environmental ideology, the stronger the indirect effect of SQ on difficult behavior through willingness to sacrifice.
The nexus between innovation and wellbeing across the EU space: What role for urbanisation?
Authors: Lenzi Camilla , Perucca Giovanni
Published: January 2019

The importance of innovation for economic performance and competitiveness, whatever the level of analysis adopted, is uncontroversial. Yet little is known about the relationship between innovation and (subjective) wellbeing. This paper empirically studies this issue in a spatial perspective by arguing that the expected positive link between innovation and wellbeing can be even more complex than might be thought, and by testing the expectation that this relationship varies according to the different types of innovation and spatial setting considered. The analysis takes advantage of regionalised data sets at the EU level on wellbeing derived from various waves of Eurobarometer surveys in the period 2007–2011, and on regionalised patents and trademarks, thus merging individual and regional data. The results indicate that different types of innovation have different impacts on wellbeing across space. Technology-intensive innovation, such as patents, yields its benefits only in the most urbanised regions, while the impact of less technology-intensive innovation, such as trademarks, is undifferentiated across space. Spatial spillover effects also play an important role for individual wellbeing, regardless of the type of innovation and the degree of urbanisation of a region. Some reflections on regional innovation policies are finally proposed and discussed with reference to the current debate on place-based regional policies.
Direct adaptive model-free control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems using Legendre polynomials
Authors: Zarei Reza , Khorashadizadeh Saeed
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a simple model-free controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is presented using Legendre polynomials. According to the orthogonal functions theorem, Legendre polynomials are universal approximators. From this point of view, they are similar to fuzzy systems and can be used as a controller to approximate the ideal control law. Legendre coefficients are estimated online using the adaptation rule obtained from stability analysis. In comparison with fuzzy systems and neural networks, Legendre polynomials are simpler and less computational. Moreover, there are very few tuning parameters in Legendre polynomials. The case studies are an inverted pendulum and an articulated robot manipulator. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and its robustness against large uncertainties. Comparisons with model-free controller using extended state observer and adaptive fuzzy systems show the superiority of proposed controller in disturbance rejection.
Experimental and numerical study on swirlmeter with different helix angles of swirler
Authors: Zhang ChenLiang , Cui BaoLing , Zhang YuLiang , Zhu ZuChao , Sheng YiNi
Published: January 2019

Swirlmeters are widely used to measure the flowrate in engineering due to its simple structure, stable operation stability, and accurate measuring precision. In this paper, in order to disclose the influence of different helix angles of swirler on the metering characteristics of the swirlmeter, the metrological performance and internal unsteady flow of a swirlmeter assembled with three swirlers with different helix angles were studied through physical experiments and numerical calculations. The results show that with the increasing helix angle of swirler, the pressure loss of swirlmeter and meter factor K decrease almost linearly, the vortex core center at throat of the swirlmeter is gradually off-center. In the direction of central axis of the throat, the amplitude of dominant frequency of pressure pulsation increases with the increasing helix angle of swirler.
New Efficient and Practicable Adaptive Designs for Calibrating Items Online
Authors: He Yinhong , Chen Ping , Li Yong
Published: January 2019

When calibrating new items online, it is practicable to first compare all new items according to some criterion and then assign the most suitable one to the current examinee who reaches a seeding location. The modified D-optimal design proposed by van der Linden and Ren (denoted as D-VR design) works within this practicable framework with the aim of directly optimizing the estimation of item parameters. However, the optimal design point for a given new item should be obtained by comparing all examinees in a static examinee pool. Thus, D-VR design still has room for improvement in calibration efficiency from the view of traditional optimal design. To this end, this article incorporates the idea of traditional optimal design into D-VR design and proposes a new online calibration design criterion, namely, excellence degree (ED) criterion. Four different schemes are developed to measure the information provided by the current examinee when implementing this new criterion, and four new ED designs equipped with them are put forward accordingly. Simulation studies were conducted under a variety of conditions to compare the D-VR design and the four proposed ED designs in terms of calibration efficiency. Results showed that the four ED designs outperformed D-VR design in almost all simulation conditions.
On the Politics of Chrono-Design: Capture, Time and the Interface
Authors: Dieter Michael , Gauthier David
Published: January 2019

This article makes a contribution to interface criticism through the notion of chrono-design: the deliberate shaping of experiences of temporality and time through contemporary software techniques and digital technologies. This notion is articulated through discussions of network optimisation, user experience design, behavioural tracking, Hansen’s work on 21st-century media and Hayles’ framework of cognitive assemblages. In particular, the argument considers how contemporary user interfaces complicate conventional notions of the rational, self-reflexive subject by operating beyond consciousness at vast environmental dimensions and accelerated micro-temporal speeds. These conditions, we argue, provide opportunities for new forms of behavioural suspense and captivation best exemplified through the figure of the trap. The politics and aesthetics of captivation, accordingly, should be considered as central to any expanded ecology of cognition. The article then concludes with a short demonstration of experimental uses of chrono-design methods applied critically to political economies of user tracking and data capture as a prompt for further interdisciplinary applied research in this domain.
Pre-quit nicotine decreases nicotine self-administration and attenuates cue- and drug-induced reinstatement
Authors: Clemens Kelly J , Stuart Angela , Ferguson Stuart G
Published: January 2019

Background:

Administration of smoking cessation medications in anticipation of a nominated quit date can promote abstinence. How this occurs is not widely understood, but may be due to the disruption of contingencies between smoking behaviour and acute drug effects.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to explore this relationship, we examined the effect of pre-quit nicotine replacement therapy on susceptibility to relapse in an animal model of nicotine dependence.

Methods:

Rats were trained to intravenously self-administer nicotine across 20 days. Continuous low-dose nicotine was administered via a mini-osmotic pump either across the last 7 days of self-administration and across 6 days of extinction, or across extinction only. Cue- and drug-induced reinstatements of responding were then measured with mini-pumps retained, the day after mini-pump removal or one week later.

Results:

Pre-quit nicotine administration markedly reduced self-administration across the last days of training as the response, and its associated cues, no longer reliably predicted an acute drug effect. Pre-quit, but not post-quit, nicotine administration significantly attenuated cue-induced reinstatement once mini-pumps were removed, indicating that the contingency disruption across training reduced the conditioned reinforcing properties of the cue at test. Both pre-quit and post-quit nicotine attenuated nicotine-primed reinstatement.

Conclusions:

Together these results suggest that administration of a nicotine replacement prior to a nominated quit date may enhance resistance to relapse via disruption of the contingency between a response, its associated cues, and a rewarding nicotine effect.
Towards a critical geography of resettlement
Authors: Rogers Sarah , Wilmsen Brooke
Published: January 2019

Resettlement is a governmental program with inherent spatial effects in that it drives the rearrangement of capital, labour, and land, and seeks to render people and space more governable. This article examines the extent to which this disruptive phenomenon has been theorised. We first review the existing literature, finding a distinct polarisation between mainstream studies and more critical scholarship. We then propose a critical geography of resettlement centred on its multiple logics, agents and expertise, and subject-making and spatial practices. An invigorated critical geography of resettlement is needed to challenge the legitimisation of an expanding resettlement industry.
Creating historical controls using data from a previous line of treatment – Two non-standard approaches
Authors: Hatswell Anthony J , Sullivan William G
Published: January 2019

Where medical interventions are licensed based on only uncontrolled study data (for example a single-arm trial), a common approach for estimating the incremental benefit is to compare the treatment to a ‘historical control’; data collected from patients who did not receive the intervention. We illustrate with motivating examples two methods for the creation of historical controls where disease progression and overall survival are typically the key clinically meaningful endpoints. The first method utilises information routinely collected in a clinical trial programme: patients’ time to disease progression on their previous line of treatment against which outcomes can be compared. The second uses published clinical outcomes for the prior line of treatment which can be extrapolated to estimate outcomes at the next line. As examples we use two pharmaceuticals licensed on the basis of uncontrolled clinical studies – idelalisib for double-refractory follicular lymphoma and ofatumumab for double-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Although subject to limitations that should be considered on a case-by-case basis, the methods may be appropriate when trying to quantify the clinical benefit of treatment based on limited and uncontrolled trial data. As a result, the methods can be used to inform health technology adoption decisions.
Who needs a brain? Slime moulds, behavioural ecology and minimal cognition
Authors: Smith-Ferguson Jules , Beekman Madeleine
Published: January 2019

Although human decision making seems complex, there is evidence that many decisions are grounded in simple heuristics. Such heuristic models of decision making are widespread in nature. To understand how and why different forms of information processing evolve, it is insightful to study the minimal requirements for cognition. Here, we explore the minimally cognitive behaviour of the acellular slime mould, Physarum polycephalum, in order to discuss the ecological pressures that lead to the development of information processing mechanisms. We discuss evidence for memory, basic forms of learning and economically irrational choice in P. polycephalum. We compare P. polycephalum’s behaviour with a number of other non-neuronal organisms in order to question the evolutionary need for complex nervous systems to develop cognitive traits. By highlighting a few examples of common mechanisms, we conclude that all organisms contain the building blocks for more complex information processing. Returning the debate about cognition to the biological basics demystifies some of the confusion around the term ‘cognition’.
Usefulness of Measuring Changes in SOFA Score for the Prediction of 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Arakawa Makoto , Mochizuki Katsunori , Nishida Osamu , Wada Hideo , Levy Jerrold H.
Published: January 2019

The primary end point for sepsis trial is 28-day mortality. However, additional methods for determining the efficacy may have benefits. The purpose of this study was to search a useful indicator of anticoagulant therapy in patients with sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Data from 323 patients with sepsis with coagulopathy treated with antithrombin supplementation were analyzed. The changes in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (Δ SOFA) score, the overt-DIC (Δ overt-DIC) score, and the Japanese Society for Acute Medicine DIC (Δ JAAM DIC) score from baseline to day 7 were retrospectively analyzed in relation to the 28-day mortality. Significant correlations were found between the 28-day mortality and Δ SOFA, Δ overt-DIC score, and Δ JAAM DIC score. The accuracy of the prediction was higher for Δ SOFA (80.5%) than for Δ overt-DIC (66.7%, P < .001). The areas under the curve for mortality calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.812 for Δ SOFA, 0.655 for Δ overt-DIC, and 0.693 for Δ JAAM DIC. The mortality rate was significantly lower among cases with an improved SOFA score compared to those without an improvement. The Δ SOFA had the strongest association with the 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis and DIC.
Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio and Thrombus Burden in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Duman Hakan , Çinier Göksel , Bakırcı Eftal Murat , Duman Handan , Şimşek Ziya , Hamur Hikmet , Değirmenci Hüsnü , Emlek Nadir
Published: January 2019

Increased coronary thrombus burden is known to be a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) can be used as a surrogate marker of pro-inflammation which is closely related to prothrombotic state. We aimed to evaluate the association between CAR and coronary thrombus burden in patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients who presented with ACS and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups as high thrombus burden and low thrombus burden. The study population included 347 patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (169 [48.7%]) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (178 [51.3%]). The CAR was significantly higher in patients with higher thrombus burden (24.4 [1.2-30.2] vs 31.9 [2.2-31.3], P < .001). Independent predictors for increased thrombus burden were higher CRP level (odds ratio [OR]: 0.047; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004-0.486; P = .010), lower serum albumin level (OR: 0.057; 95% CI: 0.033-0.990; P = .049), higher CAR (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.23; P = .008), higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.31; P = .004), and baseline troponin I level (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; P = .017). Novel CAR can be used as a reliable marker for increased coronary thrombus burden that is associated with adverse CV outcomes.
Measuring Inappropriate Sexual Behavior Among University Students: Using the Randomized Response Technique to Enhance Self-Reporting
Authors: Rueda Mª Mar , Cobo Beatriz , López-Torrecillas Francisca
Published: January 2019

This article analyzes the efficacy of the randomized response technique (RRT) in achieving honest self-reporting about sexual behavior, compared with traditional survey techniques. A complex survey was conducted of 1,246 university students in Spain, who were asked sensitive quantitative questions about their sexual behavior, either via the RRT ( n = 754) or by direct questioning (DQ) ( n = 492). The RRT estimates of the number of times that the students were unable to restrain their inappropriate sexual behavior were significantly higher than the DQ estimates, among both male and female students. The results obtained suggest that the RRT method elicits higher values of self-stigmatizing reports of sexual experiences by increasing privacy in the data collection process. The RRT is shown to be a useful method for investigating sexual behavior.
Evaluation of tribological performance of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites loaded with graphite platelets under reciprocating linear motion
Authors: Marat-Mendes R , Rodrigues I , Figueiredo-Pina CG
Published: January 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of graphite platelets used as matrix epoxy polymer reinforcement in the sliding reciprocating wear performance of carbon fibre composites. First, epoxy reinforced composites with different amounts of graphite in weight were produced (0, 7.5, 11.5 and 30 wt %) to ascertain the optimal composition regarding wear resistance. Additionally, carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites were produced, with and without the addition of 7.5 wt% graphite platelets to the polymer matrix, and its wear resistance was also evaluated. The laminated carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites were produced through vacuum assisted hand lay-up method. Reciprocating sphere-on-plate wear tests, using Ø 6 mm spheres of AISI52100 steel as counter-body, were performed during 6 h at room temperature. The tests were carried out using an applied normal load of 4 N, 2 Hz of frequency and 8 mm stroke per cycle. At the end of the tests, the wear losses were estimated through integration of cross-section wear track profiles and the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The coefficient of friction was accessed during testing. The results showed that the lowest specific wear rate of the polymer composites without carbon fibre was obtained with the insertion of 7.5 wt% of graphite platelets (9.7 × 10−8 mm3/N m) and that increase in the graphite fraction leads to higher material loss as a result of increased fatigue surface. Furthermore, the addition of 7.5 wt% graphite platelets to the epoxy matrix of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites leads to enhance its wear resistance. The reinforced matrix supports and protects the fibres reducing fibre failure and, consequently, wear.
Genetic testing for Huntington’s disease: A thematic analysis of online support community messages
Authors: Smedley Richard M , Coulson Neil S
Published: January 2019

Huntington’s disease is a fatal late-onset genetic illness that causes motor, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Individuals considering genetic testing may benefit from online social support. This study investigates how genetic testing is discussed within health forums. A total of 337 messages written by 58 individuals were analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Discussions examined three themes: deciding to be tested (enquiring about symptoms and starting a new family), preparing for the test (information seeking and attending appointments) and receiving the results (positive and negative results). Forums can reduce the uncertainty of ambiguous symptoms and provide ongoing personalised support before, during and after a genetic test.