bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Informative Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers for genetic analysis of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm
Authors: R. Manimekalai
Published: May 2020

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers are versatile and used in a number of applications viz. genetic diversity estimation, phylogenetic relationship and gene tagging in different crops. In coconut, the ISSR markers are being reported here for the first time. In the present paper, thirty-five  primers targeting to amplify the inter microsatellite  regions were screened  using  thirty  different  coconut  germplasm  accessions.  The  ISSR  primers  were evaluated based on polymorphism information content and marker index.  Out of 35 primers screened,  19 primers  produced  clear amplification  pattern.  The polymorphism  information content varied between 0.019 and 0.386, whereas, the marker index ranged from 0.019 to 5.673  among  the  primers.    Based  on  the  high  marker  index,  five  and  ten  primers  were selected.  The similarity  matrices  were constructed  separately  for five, ten and 19 primers using NYSYS software and the correlation was tested using Mantel’s test. There was high correlation  between five and ten primers with 19 primers. Hence, the primers with higher marker index (5 and 10 primers) were regarded as informative  primers. These informative primers can be used to develop more polymorphic markers in coconut for rapid screening of germplasm materials.
International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT): Its history and achievements
Authors: Pons Batugal
Published: May 2020

The International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) is a global research network organized by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) in 1992 with support from member countries, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), partner institutions, donor agencies, and by regional and international development organizations.

 

                        In the last 12 years, COGENT has been fully operational with 38 member coconut producing countries in five regions (South Asia; Southeast and East Asia; South Pacific; Africa and the Indian Ocean; and Latin America and the Caribbean). It has successfully developed and disseminated to coconut breeders and curators worldwide the International Coconut Genetic Resources Database (CGRD). The CGRD contains characterization data and some pictures of 1,416 accessions which are conserved by national programmes in 28 sites in 23 countries. To further secure conserved germplasm, a COGENT multi-site International Coconut Genebank has been established to conserve 200 important accessions in each region. Coconut varieties with multi-purpose uses are being identified, documented and promoted. The performance of promising 38 high-yielding hybrids are being evaluated in a multilocation  trial involving four African and three Latin America/Caribbean countries to identify suitable varieties and hybrids for resource-poor farmers. Farmers’ varietal preferences in 15 countries are being evaluated. Diversity-linked income-generating activities are being used as a strategy to promote in situ and on-farm conservation and germplasm utilization have been initiated in 15 countries. Protocols for in vitro embryo culture, cryopreservation, morphometric and molecular marker-based methods for locating and characterizing diversity; pest risk assessment and germplasm health management are being developed, tested and upgraded. Strategies and techniques for farmer participatory research, collecting, characterization and ex situ and in situ conservation are being refined.

 

To strengthen the coconut research capability of COGENT member countries, the COGENT Secretariat and IPGRI have organized 39 country need assessment missions  and conducted 41 workshops and meetings involving 994 coconut researchers to share information and technologies, discuss issues and common problems and opportunities and how to address them; conducted 40 training courses involving 765 participants from 41 countries; supported 274  research and training/capacity building activities  in 30 countries; and led the establishment of the Global Coconut Research for Development Programme (PROCORD). IPGRI and COGENT's current priority involves the further promotion of more effective conservation and use of coconut genetic resources, both regionally and globally.
Monuments Men
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

Recent years have seen a proliferation of sport-themed cultural, artistic, commemorative and pedagogical productions that interpret and illuminate identitarian debates in France, particularly in relation to immigration and ethnic diversity. This chapter analyses a series of these exhibitions, monuments and texts, demonstrating the relevance of sport in the contemporary commemorative landscape. It points to evolutions in the processes of memory-making globally, and explores how the mediatisation and aesthetics of sporting practices may relate to these developments.
The Long Peace Process
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

This book examines the role of the United States of America in the Northern Ireland conflict and peace process. It assesses Northern Ireland as both an international and a domestic issue in the United States during the years of conflict there. It looks at how US figures engaged with Northern Ireland, as well as the wider issue of Irish partition, in the years before the outbreak of what became known as the “troubles”. From there, it considers early interventions on the part of Congressional figures such as Senator Edward Kennedy and the Congressional hearings on Northern Ireland that took place in the aftermath of Bloody Sunday, 1972. It analyses the causes and consequences of the State Department decision to ban the sale of weapons to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, before considering the development of the US role in Northern Ireland through the Reagan administration and the onset of US financial support for conflict resolution in the form of the International Fund for Ireland. It then assesses the dynamics behind the role that President Clinton assumed following his election in 1992, before examining how Presidents Bush and Obama attempted to seize on the momentum of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement
The Distant Literary Witness and the Ghosts of History in the “Other America”
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines Edwidge Danticat’s Create Dangerously together with her novel, Claire of the Sea Light. It focuses on Danticat’s critique of the marginalization of “the Other America,” or places where social and environmental injustice create the illusion of separate spheres of dwelling in the Americas. The chapter argues that, from the essays of Create Dangerously to the fictional stories of Claire of the Sea Light, the “ghost” is a key figure of spatial and temporal transition through which Danticat interrogates the place of Haiti in its hemispheric setting and history. Referring to spectral presences, haunting and menacing figures, as well as illusions, “ghost” is an apt metaphor for Haiti as tè glise, or slippery ground, in that it allows Danticat to connect past and present, and homeland and diaspora. Danticat weaves together these ghostly figures, or revenants, in the attempt to work through intricate relations of class, gender, sexuality, and environment. Shedding light on this “Other America” and those who migrate from and seek refuge within is a defining characteristic of Danticat’s self-defined mission as a writer.
Epilogue
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

The epilogue considers the depths of a Haitian literary eco-archive by putting it into contact with the historical archive. It brings together Dalembert’s fictional representation of Haiti as a place of asylum for Jewish refugees during World War Two in his novel, Avant que les ombres s’effacent, and Ada Ferrer’s historical excavation, in her study Freedom’s Mirror, of the Haitian government’s application of the constitutional principle of “free soil” to detain slave ships and grant freedom to the enslaved during the early 19th century. In this way, both the novelist and the historian revive stories of Haitian lands and seas as sites of refuge; they reclaim its soil as a place of freedom and justice that transformed the lives of the enslaved and persecuted migrants. The conclusion of the book argues that Dalembert and Ferrer offer archival views of Haiti that historicize the apparently unprecedented movement of migrants and refugees in the present.
The British Union of Fascists and Northern Ireland (I)
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the place of Ulster and in particular the issue of Irish unity in the politics of Sir Oswald Mosley’s British Union of fascists. Mosley’s role in ending Black and Tan repression in Ireland during the War of Independence earned him a degree of Irish support throughout his political life, and which he sought to cultivate when he formed his fascist organisation through support for Irish unity. At the same time the chapter demonstrates that some of the organisation’s most prominent members supported Unionism and partition. This duality of approach was determined largely by the need to maximise and retain support from as many quarters as possible and by the play of politics, with the BUF cautiously critical of the Ulster Unionist regime in 1933-34 when the pro-Unionist press baron, Lord Rothermere, was supporting it, more aggressively nationalist when its pro-Unionist element diminished in the latter part of the decade.
The British Union of Fascists and Northern Ireland (II)
Authors: Loughlin James
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the emergence and activities of the BUF- sponsored Ulster Fascists, a regional formation heavily influenced by the great surge of support for the BUF in Britain when Lord Rothermere threw his support behind Mosley in 1933, encouraging the belief that a Mosley Government would soon be in power. The chapter demonstrates the problems the UF faced in a largely hostile environment, with opposition from the Unionist authorities and labour and socialist organisations; and eventually by the Irish News, the main organ of nationalist and Catholic opinion in Northern Ireland and which had given it a high degree of publicity. It was affronted by UF defence of Nazi repression in Germany, especially denial of persecution of the Catholic Church, and by differences on moral issues between the BUF and Catholic teaching. Failing to prosper in a political context offering little space for externally inspired parties, the UF suffered internal divisions and collapsed in early 1935.
Disease and Affect
Authors: Schilling Derek
Published: May 2020

Decades of plant closures in metropolitan France have created a heightened awareness of the disused quality of the country’s industrial landscape. Even as a burgeoning working-class heritage industry has attempted to rehabilitate some physical sites to educational or touristic ends, documentary filmmakers have turned to human communities that in the age of ‘délocalisation’ have been forcibly evicted from sites of productive labour. Drawing on the travelogue Et la vie (Denis Gheerbrant, 1991), the plant closure exposé Silence dans la vallée (Marcel Trillat, 2007) and the testimonial poetic meditation Le Chemin noir (Abdallah Badis, 2012), this chapter highlights a recurring documentary figure, namely the image of individual workers who explicate their present and past situation against the backdrop of blast furnaces, mine pits, slag heaps, or other disused industrial structures across the blighted regions of northern and north-eastern France. Filmed on the site of its expropriation, the labourer’s body becomes strongly performative, affirming the imperatives of collective working-class memory and lending layered meaning to otherwise mute landscapes. By re-presenting affect-laden speech and gesture, filmmakers negotiate oppositions between visibility and invisibility, technology and nature, nostalgia and futurity, so as to reassert documentary’s micropolitical purchase upon the real.
Ireland, Migration and Return Migration
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

Drawing on historical, literary and cultural studies perspectives, this book examines the phenomenon of the “Returned Yank” in the cultural imagination, taking as its point of departure the most exhaustively discussed Returned Yank narrative, The Quiet Man (dir. John Ford, 1952). Often dismissed as a figure that embodies the sentimentality and nostalgia of Irish America writ large, this study argues that the Returned Yank’s role in the Irish cultural imagination is much more varied and complex than this simplistic construction allows. Throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, s/he has been widely discussed in broadcast and print media, and depicted in plays, novels, short stories and films. The imagined figure of the Returned Yank has been the driving impetus behind some of Ireland's most well-known touristic endeavours and festivals. In the form of U.S. Presidential visits, s/he has repeatedly been the catalyst for questions surrounding Irish identity. Most significantly, s/he has been mobilised as an arbiter in one of the most important debates in post-Independence Ireland: should Ireland remain a "traditional" society or should it seek to modernise? His/her repeated appearances in Irish literature and culture after 1952 – in remarkably heterogeneous, often very sophisticated ways – refute claims of the “aesthetic caution” of Irish writers, dramatists and filmmakers responding to the tradition/modernity debate.
‘Quiet Men’
Authors: Moynihan Sinéad
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines fictional Returned Yanks – notably in Julia O’Faolain’s No Country for Young Men (1980), Benedict Kiely’s Nothing Happens in Carmincross (1985) and Roddy Doyle’s The Dead Republic (2010) – who become involved in and/or comment on the Northern Irish ‘Troubles.’ This conflict, through its resurgence in the late 1960s, challenged optimistic and prematurely celebratory attitudes towards Irish modernisation that claimed that nationalism and ‘atavistic’ ideological attachments would disappear through the modernisation process. However, an understanding of nationalism that sees insurgency as antithetical to modernity is fallacious for, as Benedict Anderson argued so influentially in Imagined Communities (1983), nationalism is a product of modernity. Many Troubles narratives feature Irish Americans whose parents or grandparents were involved in the nationalist struggle in the 1920s and who retain a recalcitrant commitment to the ideal of a united Ireland. In narratives of the Troubles, then, the Returned Yank is a kind of revenant or ghost from a past which the southern state – whose authority was profoundly undermined in the 1970s and 1980s by Northern republican challenges to its legitimacy – wishes to disavow.
Public Secrets
Authors: Altink Henrice
Published: May 2020

Informed by Critical Race Theory and based on a wide range of sources, including official sources, memoirs, and semi-autobiographical fiction, this book examines multiple forms of racial discrimination in Jamaica and how they were talked about and experienced from the end of the First World War until the demise of democratic socialism in the 1980. Case studies on, amongst others, the labour market, education, the family and legal system will demonstrate the extent to which race and colour shaped social relations in the island in the decades preceding and following independence and convey that racial discrimination was a public secret – everybody knew it took place but few dared to openly discuss or criticise it. The book ends with an examination of race and colour in contemporary Jamaica to show that after independence race and colour have lost little of their power and offers suggestions to overcome the silence on race to facilitate equality of opportunity for all.
The Silence and Salience of Race
Authors: Altink Henrice
Published: May 2020

Drawing amongst others upon social media and NGO reports, this chapter first of all challenges the enduring myth of racial harmony by showing the salience of colour in contemporary Jamaica, while also highlighting that the power of race and colour has continued to be denied and minimised. It then moves on to explain why Jamaican society has remained stratified along race and colour lines from 1918 till the present, and why this fact has been largely silenced. And it finishes, by offering some suggestions how existing racial disparities can be reduced, ranging from measuring and publishing them to interventions in specific or across racial domains, such as education or the labour market.
‘Her Dreams Receding’
Authors: Baker Brian
Published: May 2020

Ian Sales’ Apollo Quartet (2012-16) series of novellas develops a series of alternate histories of the Space Age. Determinedly ‘hard’ in its approach to sf and the technical (as well as historical) background, Sales uses slightly different alternate scenarios in each novella for exploring not only the NASA’s Apollo Moon program, but the fabric of the post-war United States. This chapter analyses Sales’ alternate-history mode in terms of an explicit intervention in science fictions of space exploration with regard to ideological and patriarchal constructions of gender, and in particular as a means by which to re-imagine both the potentialities and implications of space exploration and of post-World War II masculinity and femininity.
Agency and Contingency in Televisual Alternate History Texts
Authors: Hellekson Karen
Published: May 2020

Televisual alternate history texts concern themselves with not with history per se but rather the individual, agency, and self-contingency. In televisual texts including An Englishman’s Castle (miniseries, 1978), Sliders (1995–2000), Charlie Jade (2005), Fringe (2008–13), and Continuum (2012–15), individual characters are presented as being able to affect events by contingency—that is, an event that may occur but that is not certain to occur—and agency, or the capacity to act or exert power. History is used in only the most general sense to permit displacement; alternate worlds are a mode of this displacement. Contingency is used as a narrative and temporal construction to frame agency. Televisual alternate histories control the narrative so as to permit characters’ agency to permit causal, contingent events, resulting in a sort of feedback loop of contingency and agency.
Mary Wollstonecraft, Hester Ann Rogers, and the Textual/Sexual Enthusiasms of Women’s Life-Writing
Authors: Winckles Andrew O.
Published: May 2020

Chapter Four examines women’s life-writing and the formation of an “erotic imagination” within life-writing as a genre. It begins by examining the Account of the Experience of Hester Ann Rogers (1793), one of the most influential works of Methodist life-writing, and reads it as against her earlier manuscript versions of the work. This reading reveals some of the ways and reasons Methodist women navigated different publication platforms and life-writing genres (private diary, semi-public scribal publication, print publication) in order to reach different audiences. Specifically, it examines Rogers’ status as a Methodist “mystic” who, in her diaries and manuscript works, represents a deeply erotic female mysticism that is edited out of her print publications. The chapter then turns to Rogers’ contemporary, Mary Wollstonecraft, to consider how both women use the life-writing genre to re-write the terms and conditions of female desire while textually re-orienting this desire away from the male gaze.
Historicizing French Universalism
Authors: Samuels Maurice
Published: May 2020

Maurice Samuels looks at the question of national and particularistic narratives from a different angle: how Jewish integration in Revolutionary-era France was seen as a means of illustrating the broad reach of the Revolution’s universalist ideals. In delving into the history of various assimilationist and pluralist discourses in late eighteenth-century France, Samuels argues that French universalism does not inherently exclude the possibility of minority particularity. Samuels contends that the embrace of difference within a broader universalist context is a historical fact left aside in contemporary debates around Muslim integration and assimilation.
Mallarmé’s Gardens of Culinary Delights
Authors: Sonnenfeld Albert
Published: May 2020

Albert Sonnenfeld’s essay, we return to Mallarmé, but this time in a context that emphasizes the quotidian pleasure of gastronomy. Sonnenfeld explores this ‘garden of culinary delights’ as seen in both Mallarmé’s correspondence and poetry. Sonnenfeld argues for both the eroticization of food (especially when Méry Laurent, Mallarmé’s putative mistress and correspondent, is concerned) and the ‘poetization’ of gastronomy in Mallarmé’s verse.
Troubling Memories of Colonialism
Authors: Twohig Erin
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers a transformational moment in Algerian history: the first days of the independent school, when students could look forward to studying their own national history and literature. One of the primary preoccupations of novels in French and Arabic that depict this moment was how the school would contend with the memory of the most controversial and taboo aspects of colonialism. Official governmental discourse depicted the Arabized school as a “clean slate” that would fully reject French influence, yet many novels argue for the classroom as a space to renegotiate, rather than erase, the history of French education in Algeria. Maïssa Bey’s Bleu blanc vert (Blue white green) describes the deleterious effects of memory erasure on a generation of young French-educated students, while Abdelhamid Benhedouga’s Nihayat al-ams (The End of Yesterday) features the debate over harkis (Algerians who collaborated with the French) and their place in the classroom. The discussion of memory in these novels forms part of a larger debate about the role of literature in preserving the memories suppressed by the school.
Satirizing Education in Crisis
Authors: Twohig Erin
Published: May 2020

The fifth chapter analyzes the use of parody and satire to depict education in Mohamed Nedali’s Grâce à Jean de la Fontaine! (Thanks to Jean de la Fontaine!) and Yacine Adnan’s Hūt Marūk (Hot Maroc). Nedali’s novel describes the satiric misadventures of a teacher-in-training who, upon finding himself surrounded by incompetency at the school where he works, learns to play along with absurdity rather than fight it. Hūt Marūk, in a similarly satiric tone, describes a young man who embodies the new kind of author produced by a failing education system: a comments section troll on an online blog. These novels offer a dramatic departure from the earnest striving heroes examined in the fourth chapter. They poke fun at education, exaggerating the foibles of incompetent administrators, skewering teachers who know nothing about their subject, and presenting the classroom as a space of meaningless failed communication. These narratives do more than point a literary finger at current political controversies and educational failings. They bring the entire educational institution into question through their clear refusal to ever be taught to future generations in the classroom
Carolle Bénitah’s Photo-Embroidery
Authors: Hachad Naïma
Published: May 2020

In ‘L’enfance marocaine’ (2009), Carolle Bénitah scans, reframes, and embroiders over black and white family photographs from her childhood in Morocco in the 1960s and 1970s. Chapter 5, analyzes Bénitah’s photo-embroideries, using theories on family photography and its ability to capture traumatic shifts that shape postmodern mentalities, as developed by Roland Barthes ([1980]1981), Marianne Hirsch (1997), Patricia Holland (1991), and Annette Kuhn ([1995] 2002). In tandem with these theorists, I draw on Sam Durrant’s analysis of the postcolonial narrative as a mode of mourning and an action partly meant to come to terms with traumatic historical events, and Mireille Rosello’s notion of ‘reparative mourning’ in her study of the reparative in postcolonial narratives. I read Bénitah’s images as a postmodern narrative that testifies to a fragmented subjectivity, situated at the intersection between public and private history and memory—the artist’s personal story against the backdrop of the twentieth-century history of Morocco and its Jewish community. The chapter analyzes spatial, temporal, visual, and cultural hybridity as a way of working through history while also engaging with transnational feminist strategies women use to undo gender hierarchies naturalized and perpetuated by photography and the family photograph.
Conclusion
Authors: Hachad Naïma
Published: May 2020

The conclusion highlights the ways in which a transdisciplinary interpretative lens in Revisionary Narratives allows for connecting the specific devices women use to produce auto/biography to larger and ongoing demands of social change and their impact on gender and women’s issues in Morocco. The concluding chapter also summarizes the ways in which the book establishes new modes of inquiry and comparative frameworks that encourage and offer different models for future exploration of Moroccan women’s testimonial and autobiographical narratives. It does so while pointing at current events in Morocco and the MENA region that are shaping definitions of citizenship, freedom of expression, and protest, as well as ideals of femininity and masculinity, a reality that is also bound to produce pioneering life narratives that will deserve scholarly attention in the near future.
Agnès Varda
Authors: Wilson Emma
Published: May 2020

Agnès Varda studied art history and photography, and the influence of the visual arts in her filmmaking has long been remarked. This discussion is the first to close in on the figure of the reclining nude which appears in her work in the form of tableaux vivants from the early film, L’Opéra Mouffe, and returns extensively in her portrait film Jane B. par Agnès V. In this film, together with cinematographer Nurith Aviv, Varda creates an cinematic reclining nude in a very slow, sensual pan across the prone naked body of Jane Birkin, from her feet to her smiling face. Here, and in another film from the 1980s, Documenteur, Varda explores reclining figures as part of her filmic experiments with emotion and rêverie, the reclining figure drawing and expressing feelings of erotic pleasure, repose, delay, melancholy, and depression. Her interest in still visual precedents in her work coalesces with her career-long feminist attention to states of female feeling and being.
Transatlantic Studies: The Discipline that Thinks Itself Beyond its Threshold
Authors: Resina Joan Ramon
Published: May 2020

Transatlantic studies can be seen as a response to institutional pressures to rationalize resources by collapsing former units into “super-regional” frames of reference. Transatlanticism proposes an inter-continental framework, bringing under its canopy the cognate but often alienated specialties of Hispanism and Latin Americanism. In the “new” discipline, the old system of Hispanic studies, featuring the culture of Castilian Spain and its linguistic legacy in the nations born of its former colonies, reasserts itself under conditions of scarcity associated with the implosion of the Humanities. An alternative to this “modern” paradigm could be a postmodern, ironic discipline. The mark of the postmodern is the retention of pre-modern elements within an incongruous structure operating with a different functionality. For transatlantic Hispanism, irony could translate into awareness of the discipline’s imperial origins, while recasting it according to a new principle of organization that no longer rests on the alleged universality of an imperial language that fixes cultural value. An ironic discipline takes stock of its limits, and by doing so leaves them conceptually behind. In this way, and in this way only, it thinks the “trans” of the “trans” and assumes its place in the post-postmodern university.
Inscribing Islands: From Cuba to Fernando Pó and Back
Authors: Vizcaya Benita Sampedro
Published: May 2020

In the construction of Atlantic paradigms, Africa—and its multiple intersections with both the Americas and Europe—has frequently been absent, or brought into the debate under the useful yet limited rubrics of diaspora, migration or creolization. In such configurations, the African continent typically emerges as an imagined presence for Afro-Caribbean, Afro-Latin-American or Afro-European definitions of identity. Re-engaging the Atlantic in a new direction could press us to move beyond these paradigms in which the energy driving the narrative originates in Europe or the Americas. Pursuing the turn towards a new island history of the Atlantic, this essay will address an array of links—trajectories, journeys, passages—between the islands of Cuba and Fernando Poo (today Bioko), during the second half of the nineteenth century.
Fernando Poo –part of the Spanish empire since the eighteenth century— began to serve as the destination for the eastward movement of Cuban emancipated slaves, and as a prison colony for Cuban political deportees. Some of these deportees left detailed accounts of their Atlantic and African experiences. Addressing these deportee narratives, will provide a new discursive angle for critically re-locating Africa within the Atlantic, and will ask how reading the insular Caribbean from an island perspective might prove a useful disciplinary practice in the production of Atlantic knowledge.
“Across the Waves”: The Luso-Brazilian Republic of Letters at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Newcomb Robert Patrick
Published: May 2020

The fin de siècle does not immediately spring to mind as a period sympathetic to supranational Luso-Brazilian literary and cultural bonds. The period witnessed a sequence of events that distanced Portugal and Brazil politically, and destabilized both countries. Brazil’s republican coup (1889) put the final nail in the coffin of the Luso-Brazilian empire and led to a transatlantic financial crisis; Britain’s “Ultimatum” (1890) to Portugal regarding its African claims undermined the monarchy; and Portugal’s limited intervention in Brazil’s Revolta da Armada (1893-94) led to a temporary suspension of diplomatic relations. Further, the aggressive nationalism of the early years of Brazil’s Old Republic was marked by a pronounced lusofobia. And negative stereotypes about Brazil and brasileiros (nouveau riche Portuguese returnees) remained popular comic fodder in Portugal. I contend that this agitated state of affairs prompted a cohort of Brazilian and Portuguese writers to affirm enduring Luso-Brazilian ties despite their political unpopularity. I will focus on three moments of Luso-Brazilianist activity during the period: Joaquim Nabuco’s 1880 and 1888 speeches in Rio de Janeiro’s Gabinete Português de Leitura, the publication of Oliveira Martins’s O Brasil e as Colônias Portuguesas (1888), and the 1916 visit to Portugal of Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac.
Luis Cernuda’s “Historial de un libro”: A Travelogue
Authors: Karageorgou-Bastea Christina
Published: May 2020

The essay offers a reading of Luis Cernuda's intellectual biography, "Historial de un libro" (Chronicle of a Book), a travelogue where the author traces the routes through which his poetry was generated. In the chronicle life and poetry unfold in tandem and refract under mutual illumination. Cernuda's response to the voices with which he meets on his way from Spain to the New World forges a poetics of crossings, while it extends bridges between physical, metaphorical, and discursive territories. From a temporal and spatial point of view beyond the end of the journey, life and art form a horizon towards which the traveler is headed and on which, at the end, the poet inscribes his diaspora across countries and continents as translation and interpretation of a poetic continuum made of lived experience, literary depiction, and critical reading.
Teaching Narratives of Women’s Inner Exile in Spain and Chile
Authors: DiGiovanni Lisa
Published: May 2020

By examining how contemporary Spanish and Chilean women writers represent dictatorial pasts and the experience of inner exile, this essay sheds light on the link between political and gendered violence underpinning the Franco dictatorship in Spain (1939-1975) and Pinochet dictatorship in Chile (1973-1989). Without collapsing difference, we address political systems and artistic movements within a wider cultural, political and historical framework. Through a close reading of El lector de Julio Verne by Spanish novelist Almudena Grandes and Óxido de Carmen by Chilean author Ana María del Río, we gain a platform to ask questions that move beyond a monocultural or national standpoint and to explore how authors have responded to similar struggles. A transatlantic comparative study of these texts not only helps us to understand how the regimes’ violence was shaped by related ideologies, but also how literature might intervene, expose and subvert such violence through the reconstruction of silenced memories of resistance.
Rethinking Spanish Civil War Exile: The Curious Case of the Catalans
Authors: Faber Sebastiaan
Published: May 2020

This essay considers the persistent exclusion from Spanish national literary histories of authors who were exiled after the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, particularly those who wrote in languages other than Spanish. While Spain’s democratic transition presented an opportunity to abandon the artificial and oppressive castellanocentrismo that had dominated Spain’s official cultural histories in the Franco years, and to acknowledge the exiles’ literary production, revising those histories along Transatlantic lines, those opportunities were largely missed. On both accounts, institutional inertia won out, resisting pressures pushing for a multilingual Iberian and Trans-Atlantic approach. Perhaps no case illustrates this better than that of the Catalans who were exiled to Mexico.
Transatlantic Film Studies in the Age of Neoliberalism: Towards a Postnational Cinema?
Authors: López-Quiñones Antonio Gómez
Published: May 2020

This essay argues that specialists in Transatlantic Film Studies need to contextualize their research agendas within the growing intensification of globalizing forces, above all, transnational capitalism. Within this historical context, the customary intellectual praise for aesthetic and cultural hybridity, alterity, self-dislocation and cosmopolitan deterritorialization is, at least, partially misguided. Due to the financial specificities of the film industry and its pervasive social preeminence, Transatlantic Film Studies have been a favorable academic venue to negatively evaluate the constrains, narrowness and reductive essentialism of the nation-state, as well of national communities and traditions. One should not overstate this argumentative gesture for three reasons. First, transatlantic artistic collaborations are never symmetrical and tend to be mediated by strong socio-economic and geopolitical inequalities. Second, the filmic interconnection between Spain and Latin American does not take place vis-a-vis, but under the commercial rules set by the US audiovisual mega-industry. Finally, it is a (partial) mistake to eulogize cultural miscegenation, migrancy and rhizomatic self-proliferation when many emancipatory, anti-imperialist movements have traditionally found and still find traction in autochthonous practices and habits. This is why the idea of a national cinema and specially of a national-popular cinema still deserves a careful, more dialectical attention.
Coerced Migration and Sex Trafficking: Transoceanic Circuits of Enslavement
Authors: Murray N. Michelle
Published: May 2020

This contribution examines the reinscription of discourses and logics central to chattel slavery to frame discussions of twenty-first century coerced migrations, sex trafficking, and global race relations. Chattel slavery has been a structuring element in theorizing the Iberian Atlantic from the nineteenth century to the present. This transatlantic posturing situates the Atlantic not only as a repository of memories of contact and conflict, but also a site of racial, geographic, and economic conflicts that continue to scar the surface of the earth.The essay places Eric Williams' Capitalism and Slavery (1944) in dialogue with recent studies of slavery in the Iberian Atlantic (Schmidt Nowara, Surwillo) and the short story "From Lagos to Lago" by Carlos Dorrego (2006) to examine race, capitalism, and the ongoing significance of transatlantic chattel slavery in representations of twenty-first century trafficking from Africa to Europe.
Epilogue
Authors: Enjuto-Rangel Cecilia , Faber Sebastiaan , García-Caro Pedro , Newcomb Robert Patrick
Published: May 2020

This collection of essays shows that Transatlantic Studies allows for a wealth of topics and approaches—even as key methodological questions remain unresolved and the very legitimacy of Transatlantic Studies as such is still under dispute. This volume has sought to advance the discussion by putting the disputes surrounding the field front and center. The field need not reach consensus in order to thrive. Yet in order to be productive, every debate needs to start from an agreement about underlying principles. These would include the basic idea that it is valuable to study and teach the cultural archive in an academic context, or that a deep understanding of that archive can only be achieved through engagement with the languages in which that archive was written. These values have come under question, however, as an increasing number of colleges and universities have eliminated programs, courses, and faculty lines dedicated to serious work in the humanities. And if we cannot afford to disregard our institutional context, we also cannot ignore the changing tone of political discourse, as different forms of nativism and populist nationalism rear their heads across the world.
Introduction
Authors: Thomas Greg
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents the critical context and overarching narrative of the text. Concrete poetry has not been subject to extensive literary-critical attention, particularly in a British context, partly because of the very diversity of thematic associations it is able to support, which makes it difficult to process conceptually in retrospect. To bring some clarity to current thinking around concrete poetry, and in response to some recent critical revaluations of the style, this text posits that the style represented an ongoing exploration of the legacy and relevance of early-twentieth-century vanguard activity during the 1950s-70s, especially the interplay between broadly constructivist and neo-dada tendencies in international literary and artistic culture during those decades. In England and Scotland, where the style emerged simultaneously during the early 1960s, the development of concrete poetry – and criticism around it – reflected these competing positions but also became bound up with questions of nationalism and national identity, particularly in Scotland. This chapter deals with those themes while also contextualising some gaps in the remit of the text, including the geographical restrictions placed around the subject-matter, and the relative absence of women poets from the scenes surveyed.
Order and Doubt
Authors: Thomas Greg
Published: May 2020

The Edinburgh-based poet Ian Hamilton Finlay was both the first publisher of concrete poetry and the first published concrete poet in Britain. But his interaction with the movement was relatively brief, beginning in the spring of 1962 when he discovered the international style through Edwin Morgan, and coming to an end by the late 1960s. Finlay initially seized on concrete poetry as a means of extending the dimensions of poetry beyond linear verse. He utilised concrete poetry’s capacity to combine linguistic and non-linguistic composition to establish or enrich metaphorical links between disparate objects, phenomena, and cultural contexts. This approach, indebted to classical concrete, reflected both his opposition to the restrictions of Scottish literary culture during the 1960s, and a sense of the value of aesthetic order which had ideological and biographical connotations. But his interaction with the concrete movement quickly became fraught, reflecting both the inbuilt constraints of the style and his opposition to its perceived co-option by the sixties counter-culture. Through his production of card and booklet-poems, followed by poems in glass, wood and stone, and finally, three-dimensional poems set in the landscape around his home at Little Sparta, Finlay moved gradually but decisively away from concrete practice.
Capital Punishment in Independent Ireland
Authors: Doyle David M. , O'Callaghan Liam
Published: May 2020

This is a comprehensive and nuanced historical survey of the death penalty in Ireland from the immediate post-Civil War period through to its complete abolition. Using original archival material, this book sheds light on the various social, legal and political contexts in which the death penalty operated and was discussed. In Ireland the death penalty served a dual function: as an instrument of punishment in the civilian criminal justice system, and as a weapon to combat periodic threats to the security of the state posed by the IRA. In closely examining cases dealt with in the ordinary criminal courts, this book elucidates ideas of class, gender, community and sanity and how these factors had an impact the administration of justice. The application of the death penalty also had a strong political dimension, most evident in the enactment of emergency legislation and the setting up of military courts specifically targeted at the IRA. As this book demonstrates, the civilian and the political strands converged in the story of the abolition of the death penalty in Ireland. Long after decision-makers accepted that the death penalty was no longer an acceptable punishment for ‘ordinary’ cases of murder, lingering anxieties about the threat of subversives dictated the pace of abolition and the scope of the relevant legislation.
Capital Punishment in the Post-Civil War Years
Authors: Doyle David M. , O’Callaghan Liam
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the application of the death penalty in the first ten years of the Free State. Historians to date have argued that the relatively high number of civilian executions in the early post-independence years was symptomatic of Cumann nGaedheal’s broader anxieties with issues of law and order. This chapter revises that assessment and argues that those convicted of murder in the civilian courts in these years were no more likely to have their sentence carried out than those convicted in subsequent eras. By closely examining the decision-making process leading to the execution or commutation of death sentences, particularly the role of judges and government officials, this chapter argues that the death penalty, as imposed by the ordinary courts, was an example of the government’s efforts to restore peacetime civilian norms to the criminal justice system and was not used to any political end.
The Death Penalty under Fianna Fáil and the Inter-Party Governments
Authors: Doyle David M. , O’Callaghan Liam
Published: May 2020

This chapter, spanning the period 1932-54 continues the broadly political discussion of the death penalty initiated in chapter one. Though Fianna Fáil, in opposition, were critical of Free State institutions and policies, particularly those concerned with law and order, this chapter argues that little changed after the party came to power and the application of the death penalty was marked by continuity rather than reform. Indeed, the renewed threat to state security posed by the IRA during the Second World War led to the introduction of draconian emergency legislation and a series of executions of IRA men. The chapter also discusses the first tenuous steps taken towards reform of the capital punishment laws through the convening, by Fianna Fáil, of a committee to discuss the subject. Moreover, the arrival of the interparty government signalled a shift in the mood around the issue as two of the administration’s key figures, Seán MacBride and Noël Browne, were staunch abolitionists. This gave the death penalty a presence in public discourse not previously evident.
Introduction
Authors: O'Donoghue Martin
Published: May 2020

The introduction sets out the book’s main arguments—assessing the Irish Party’s rise and fall, the Irish revolution and how members and supporters experienced it, and finally how its leaders and supporters have been remembered. Key findings such as the number of former Irish Party figures who emerged in the Free State and the percentage of them which joined Fine Gael are outlined along with reference to the major features of commemoration. The evolution of writing on the party is also analysed and common perceptions of the party and its leaders are identified alongside themes prevalent later in the book. In so doing, the introduction clearly situates the book within the historiography as well as pointing to the contributions it can make to knowledge in the areas of party politics, Irish political culture; Treatyite history; public memory and commemoration in the Irish state. Finally, the introduction establishes the range of primary sources used and the nature of each as well as the methodologies employed in the book and a brief outline of each chapter.
From the National League to Cumann na nGaedheal?
Authors: O'Donoghue Martin
Published: May 2020

This chapter analyses the period from the National League’s defeat in the September 1927 election to the next great pressure point which forced many old Irish Party followers into new parties: the 1932 general election. It assesses the growing rapprochement between Cumann nan Gaedheal and former Irish Party followers, particularly Capt. Redmond’s decision to join the party in 1931.However, in examining the afterlives of National League politicians, this chapter also scrutinizes the few who joined Fianna Fáil and compares elements of the party’s modus operandi with that of the IPP including de Valera’s leadership style and Fianna Fáil’s remarkable facility for party organisation. Finally, this chapter illustrates why some supporters of the old Irish Party and Ancient Order of Hibernians remained independent, citing economic, organisational and geographic factors and examining the elections of James Dillon and Frank MacDermot.
‘A Voice for Ireland’: Isaac Butt, Environmental Justice, and the Dilemmas of the Irish Land Question
Authors: Reid Colin W.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines ideas of environmental justice in nineteenth-century Ireland through the prism of Isaac Butt. Butt was one of the most prominent champions of agrarian reform from the 1830s to the 1870s. His desire for change was rooted in ideas of humanist justice and political economy: the land question, for Butt, was primarily an issue concerning those excluded from legal right to their holdings. The chapter highlights Butt’s radical rhetoric concerning the land question during the 1860s, and how the failure of the British state to ‘settle’ the question contributed to his move towards Home Rule. By 1870, Butt reasoned that only an Irish parliament could legislate to produce justice on the land. The environment was, in Butt’s estimation, a constitutional issue.