bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of ABAQUS in Surrounding Rock Stability Analysis of Shallow Large Cross-Section Tunnel
Authors: Cai Lin Zhen , Zhang Cheng Liang
Published: July 2015

HuJiaDi tunnel construction of Dai Gong highway is troublesome, the surrounding-rock mass give priority to full to strong weathering basalt, surrounding rock integrity is poor, weak self-stability of surrounding rock, and tunnel is prone to collapse. In order to reduce disturbance, taking advantage of the ability of rock mass, excavation adopt the method of "more steps, short footage and strong support". The excavation method using three steps excavation, The excavation footage is about 1.2 ~ 1.5 m; The surrounding rock bolting system still produce a large deformation after completion of the first support construction, it shows that the adopted support intensity cannot guarantee the stability of the tunnel engineering. Using ABAQUS to simulate tunnel excavation support, optimizing the support parameters of the tunnel, conducting comparative analysis with Monitoring and Measuring and numerical simulation results, it shows that the displacement - time curves have a certain consistency in numerical simulation of ABAQUS and Monitoring and Measuring.
Analytical Solution for the Circular Orifice Problem with Four-Cracks
Authors: Guan Lu
Published: July 2015

Using the method of complex analysis, the paper investigates the plane elasticity problem of circular orifices with four-cracks through conformal mapping, and provides an exact analytical solution for the crack-tip stress intensity factor (SIF). From this we have simulated circular orifices with three-cracks, symmetrical four-cracks, asymmetrical collinear double-cracks, and symmetrical collinear double-cracks; as well as the crack problems of asymmetrical cross-shaped cracks, symmetrical cross-shaped cracks, and T-shaped cracks.
Reduction of High Nickel-Based Oxide Particles Using Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Joo Sung Ho , Shin Shun Myung , Shin Dong Ju , Wang Jei Pil
Published: July 2015

Oxide particles of Fe-77Ni alloy scraps were reduced by hydrogen gas on the effect of temperature and time. The chemical composition of metallic powder was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FeNi3 alloy was finally obtained with a mean particle size of 10μm.
The Research on Remanufacturing Cleaning Machenism
Authors: Xing Wang , Jie Jia Xiu , Shuai Yao Shuai
Published: July 2015

Remanufactured parts need to be cleaned before testing and repairing.Molten salt cleaning become a new research focus in remanufacturing cleaning. This paper analyze and research the dirt removal mechanism. This paper analyzes the effect of different salt bath cleaning time and temperature, from the action of heat, comprising a plurality of aspects of surface tension, expansion coefficient and chemical analysis of the role removal mechanism. cleaning effect is researched controlling different conditions in experiments according to the removal mechanism. Experimental results show that the cleaning effect is more obvious, cleaning a relatively short time, ready to meet the requirements of remanufacturing blanks.
Experimental Study on the Vertical Vibration of Symmetrical Double Spring-Mass System
Authors: Huang Yan , He Song Lin
Published: July 2015

The free vibration along with the vertical direction of the symmetric double spring –mass system has been studied with experimental method. It is discovered that when the distance between two suspending points is not zero, the vibration of symmetrical double spring mass system along the vertical direction is nonlinear. The period of the system increases with the increase of the amplitude and distance of suspending points. The equivalent mass coefficient of the system vibrating nonlinearly is greater than that of the system vibrating harmonically and is related to inclination degree and relative elongation of the spring.
The Development of Hemp Fibre Nonwovens
Authors: Iljina Uljana , Baltina Ilze , Russell Stephen
Published: July 2015

Hemp fibre nonwovens are developed in the research work with a goal to the materials surface modification applying metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. It is planned to investigate the electrical properties of nonwovens to determine their ability to serve as radiation insulation. Fibres cut into 5 cm long, some of them passed through Laroche Cadette equipment twice that opens the fibres and part manually combed before making nonwovens. Carded webs formed from prepared fibres by parallel-laid carding method. The fibres opened by using Laroche Cadette equipment formed web only by mixing hemp fibres with 15% Tencel fibres. Clean hemp fibres webs created from manually combed fibres. Hemp fibres nonwovens created by using hydroentanglement method.
Anytime Reactive Planning with Decision Automation
Authors: Komlósi István
Published: July 2015

In many outdoor robotic applications several factors have to be taken into account during a path planning process. In different situations the importance of these factors vary. This paper presents a path planning method for mobile robots that incorporates decision theory to guide the search. A neural structure is proposed to determine the relative importance of the objectives that makes the robot capable of planning in unfamiliar situations. The method is able to handle an arbitrary number of objectives simultaneously and also enables the incorporation of human logic into the planning process. All parts of the algorithm suit real-time implementation.
On one Regularizing Algorithm for Comprehensive Diagnosing of Apparatus, Engines and Machinery
Authors: Guseynov Sharif E. , Aleksejeva Jekaterina V. , Andreyev Sergey A.
Published: July 2015

In present work we develop the stable methods for technical and technological diagnostics of unsteady objects and/or processes by means of the L.A. Urban GPA (Gas Path Analysis) method: the dynamic system classes, which are suitable to be applied by technical and technological diagnostics by means of the L.A. Urban GPA method, are allocated; regularizing algorithms for construction of a stable diagnostic matrix are developed; methods for finding the optimal regularization parameter are proposed; development of methods for optimal regularizing parameter choice.
A Hybrid Fuzzy-RBFN Filter for Data Classification
Authors: Tusor Balázs , Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária R.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a new filter network is presented that is based on Radial Base Function Networks (RBFNs). The output layer of the network is modified, in order to make it more effective in certain fuzzy control systems. The training of the network is solved by a clustering step, for which two different clustering methods are proposed. The suggested structure can efficiently be used for data classification.
Patient-Specific Statistics-Based Decision Support in Health Monitoring Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Tóth-Laufer Edit , Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária R.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the usage possibilities of personal statistics are introduced, which can be applied to improve the patient-specific evaluation in health monitoring systems. The aim of these techniques is to obtain reliable results based on previous measurements. This goal can be achieved by membership function tuning or modification, as well as by a pre-processing method, which is used to judge whether a situation is normal or not. In the latter case, a further requirement, that the appropriate result should be available in time, can also be fulfilled. If the situation is judged to be critical then a reduced model is evaluated instead of the full one.
Nonlinear Properties of Soft Ferrites
Authors: Gulbis Arnis , Malinovska Diana , Stepins Deniss
Published: July 2015

In framework of methods used in nonlinear optics the output voltage of toroid transformer with soft ferrite core is calculated. It shown that apart from the fundamental frequency, it contains also harmonics of third and fifth order. An experimental verification on real transformer with MnZn ferrite core confirms the statements developed.
Laser-Induced Nano-Structuring of Semiconductors and Metals in near Surface Layers by Nanosecond Pulses
Authors: Fedorenko Leonid , Medvid Arthur
Published: July 2015

It was established that irradiation of a semiconductor by nanosecond laser leads to drift of the impurity atoms. The direction of the drift depends on relation between covalent radius of the impurity and of the basic substance atoms. This effect was shown for a wide class of semiconductors, such as: Si, Ge, InSb, GaAs, CdTe, CdxZn1-xTe. This is due to a laser thermal shock effect connected with action of high temperature and pressure gradients formed by strong absorbed nanosecond laser pulse. A new concept was proposed, and the technology has been developed of laser-induced (YAG: Nd+3, wavelength l= 0.532 mm, pulse duration τp= 10 ns) nano-fragmentation of metal film, for example, Au with an average size of fragments <δ> = 80 nm, and the concentration on the surface  = 2.5×109cm-2. The fragmentation is realized by the self organization of surface plasmon-polariton subsystem excited by high power laser pulses at a surface plasmon-polariton resonance. It was shown that the proposed method provides by laser-assisted fragmentation of the metal film (Au) in conditions of the resonance, decomposition of the nanofragments from the substrate, their transfer through an air gap, and implantation in a polymer layer on a separate surface at the same laser pulse.
The Influence of Emulsifiers on the Formation of Res-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: Xing Ting Kang , Sun Rui , Zhang Hong , Xia Qiang
Published: July 2015

Resveratrol has numerous beneficial effects in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical fields, but the low water solubility keeps it from widely application. In this research, different emulsifier concentrations and emulsifier combinations of Res-loaded NLC were prepared. By studying the mean particle size, polydispersity and zeta potential, in vitro drug release, skin penetration, DPPH scavenging assay and FTIR analysis , the results indicated that the concentration and combination of emulsifier has significant effect on the formation of Res-loaded NLC, and NLC formed with emulsifier combination of PGPR and Tween 60 at 7% concentration is the optimal to stabilize Res-loaded NLC.
Influence of Exposure Time on the Photosensitive Properties of Borosilicate Photosensitive Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Zheng Tao , Xu Xin , Li Zheng Yu , Jiang Shan , Zhang Yong , Lv Jing Wen
Published: July 2015

Photosensitive glass-ceramics have been extensively studied in recent years in that it is an attractive high diffraction efficiency grating materials. It is based on Stookey’s mixed fluoride sodium glass system for us to adopt, design prescriptions on the basis of SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3-ZnO for the glass main component and a series of glass doped with CeO2, AgNO3 and NaF etc. melted at about 1450 °C, and the glass have good optical property (homogeneity, without bubble and stripe, high transparency). The borosilicate glass was exposed by ultraviolet light, and then after the heat treatment of the sample, the measurement of ultraviolet-visible-near infrared absorption spectrum and the X ray diffraction of exposure part was performed.
The Surface and Photoluminescence Properties of GaAs Passivated by Wet Chemical Method
Authors: Chen Fang , Tang Ji Long , Liu Guo Jun , Fang Dan , Gao Xian , Xu Zhi Kun , Fang Xuan , Ma Xiao Hui , Xu Li , Wang Xiao Hua , Wei Zhi Peng
Published: July 2015

The optical and chemical properties of gallium arsenide (GaAs) surfaces treated by ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) treatments were studied via low-temperature photoluminescence (PL). From the PL mapping and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) results, the treatment process by (NH4)2S is quite effective to remove the oxide layer of GaAs.The PL intensity of (NH4)2S-passivated sample was higher than the untreated sample, and the homogeneity of passivated surface was much better. This strategy provides superior promising passivation method for III-V compound semiconductor material in high-speed and optoelectronic device applications.
Study on the Preparation Conditions of Nano-Silver Substrate Used for SERS Determination of Thiophene
Authors: Wang Zong Ting , Zhang Jun Jie , Zhou Li Jun , Pei Xiao Wen , Wang Feng Ying
Published: July 2015

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), having the advantages of high detection sensibility and fast analysis speed, meets the requirements of the detection of sulfur content in simulated gasoline. The optimal preparation conditions of nano-silver substrate which played an important role in enhancing Raman signals was mainly studyed in this paper. Potentiostatic oxidation-reduction method was selected to prepare roughened silver electrode as the nano-substrate. The influences of electrolyte, potential and reduction time were investigated. It shows that bromide ion in electrolytes and nearly balance potential could lead to much better result that relative area intensification factor is equal to 81746.
Rapid, Simple and Selective Determination of 2,4,6-dinitrophenol Based on PtAg /Mesoporous SiO2 Nanocomposite Sensor with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Feng Ya Juan , Chang Yan Bing , Chen Guang , Zhao Hong Yan , Zhang Shui Hua , Bai Li Gang
Published: July 2015

5-10nmPt-Ag nanoparticles were synthesized by Water thermal reduction, pluronic F127 and tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) have been used to synthesized mesoporous SiO2template. Pt-Ag nanoparticles have been absorbed onto the surface of mesoporous SiO2. Finally, PtAg/mesoporous SiO2nanocomposites have been modified on the surface of glass carbon electrode to prepared electrochemcial sensor which used to detect 2,4,6-dinitrophenol. In order to optimize experimental conditions, the synergistic reaction, buffer solution has been studied. The result show, when the potential at-0.404V, 2,4,6-dinitrophenol could be determined with a detection limit of 0.163μmol/L and linearity between 0.49-1667μmol/L . This sensor has high sensitivity, good reproducibility and stability.
Numerical Schemes for Modelling Two Phase Flow with Interfaces
Authors: Minár Jozef
Published: July 2015

We discuss the numerical modelling of two phase flow in porous media (see [1]). We consider a one-dimensional problem describing flow of two incompressible and immiscible fluids through a porous medium where the non-wetting phase (oil) is displaced by the wetting fluid (water). The used model is based on Darcy’s law and we consider either horizontal (neglecting the influence of gravity) or vertical flow. In case of horizontal flow, we compare our solution with analytical solution published in [2]. In case of gravity driven vertical flow, there is no known analytical solution and we propose our solution as a benchmark solution.Our numerical model is based on the modelling of interface separating zones where the water is present and where it is not. We semidiscretize the problem in space and obtain a mass preserving system of ODEs. We have moving grid points only on region where the water is present, and these move accordingly to the evolution of the interface. We can choose to have non-equidistant grid with more grid points in the neighbourhood of the interface. This guarantees very good approximation of sharp fronts during infiltration. Results obtained by our methods are compared with well-known result in [2] which was obtained by semi-analytical method and they are in perfect agreement.
Mechanical Behavior on Cr Base Steels Surface Treatment
Authors: Doñu Ruiz M.A. , López-Perrusquia N. , Urriolagoitia-Sosa G. , Hernández-Gómez Luis Héctor , Sánchez Huerta D.
Published: July 2015

It is known that the diffusion of boron atoms on the surface of metals and alloys can increase the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of engineering components. Boriding is an alternative method of sample treatment when the manual work required in powder boriding needs to be decreased. In addition, its advantage lies in high volumes of work and in selective treatments. Boron carbide consists of B4C (approximately 76 wt% boron). Using gases or powders as boronizing process gives rise to boride coatings constituted by an inner layer of Fe2B (hardness 15GPa) and an outer layer of FeB (hardness 25 GPa) [1,2]. Many industrial processes require the use of highly wear-resistant materials, tools steel, hot work being these basic Cr steels in applications such as extrusion dies for light alloys, matrices for pressing, forging dies and for molding plastic.
Hydrolysis to Produce Etanol Macambira (Bromélia laciniosa)
Authors: Lima C.S.S. , Conrado Líbia S. , Leão D.A.S. , Conceição M.M. , Silva F.L.H.
Published: July 2015

The macambira (Bromelia laciniosa) is a plant from the Bromeliaceae Family, Bromeliad genus, found in the Brazilian Northeast, highly resistant to dry climates. It has no commercial value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the macambira for ethanol production. For this, samples were collected in the rural area of Nova Floresta in the state of Paraíba, where the leaves were cut into small pieces, and then went through a process of drying in circulating air and went through a process of milling. The chemical characterization of the leaves was performed in order to determine the moisture, extracts, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content. During the chemical characterization the following values were obtained; 8.14 ± 0.08% moisture, 7.49 ± 0.79% extracts, 28.49 ± 0.9% cellulose, 37.24 ± 0.9% hemicellulose, 5.42 ± 0.4% lignin 3.62 ± 0.1% ash. The pretreatment was performed with diluted acid to hydrolyze hemicellulose, and then acid hydrolysis was performed. Both were conducted in a stainless steel reactor with a capacity of 700 mL, with control of internal and external temperature. The concentration of sugars resulting from the acid hydrolysis was quantified using the technique of high performance liquid chromatography.
Corrosion Behaviour of Steel Nitrided and Nitrocarburized in Gas, Respectively
Authors: Fujikawa Hisao , Iwamura H. , Uramoto M.
Published: July 2015

Nitriding treatment is well known as one of the corrosion protection methods for steels as well as a way to prevent wear and fatigue. Initially, salt bath nitrocarburizing was popular, but recently, gas nitriding, gas nitrocarburizing, plasma nitriding and so on have come to be used more often because of their superior nitriding ability. In the case of nitriding, only nitrogen (N) diffuses into the steel, but in the case of nitrocarburizing, both nitrogen and carbon (C) diffuse into the steel. General speaking, nitriding includes all the treatments mentioned above. The corrosion behavior of nitride carbon steels has been understood mainly by salt bath or gas nitrocarburizing treatments1)-4).However, recently, nitriding is mainly applied to parts for things such as automobiles which need protection from wear and fatigue, and is seldom used for parts which need corrosion resistance. The present paper is to remind researchers again that nitrided steels show good corrosion resistance.Therefore, the comparison of various thicknesses of nitride layers as well as the comparison between nitride layers on steel has been carried out in this examination, using the salt spray corrosion test method. The effect of oxidation treatment after nitriding was also investigated.
Building Pathology and Rehabilitation Techniques – A Rising Damp Treatment Catalogue
Authors: Guimarães A.S. , Delgado João M.P.Q.
Published: July 2015

Characterized by excessive moisture at the base of a wall that slowly diminishes in the ascending direction of the wall, rising damp may contaminate building materials with hygroscopic salts. The selection of treatment methods for rising damp should be supported by an exhaustive evaluation and study of the conditioning factors to achieve a successful outcome of the treatment. Many intervention techniques exist for situations that present rising damp, varying in approach and application methods.Due to the information about treatment products and systems for rising damp being generally dispersed, this may cause the selection of treatments with inadequate approaches that hinder the effectiveness. Thus, a necessity exists to collect and systematize information on all treatment options for rising damp. HUMITECNIC files/catalogue allows the fulfilment of that objective.HUMITECNIC files/catalogue is prepared based on an extensive search of systems, products and treatments in the civil engineering marketplace, patented or not, accompanied when necessary by a suitable bibliography. In this way, the user is presented with different treatment options that communicate the intervention approach, the technology used, installation process, relevant properties, application and limitations. In a way to promote the information to users in a dynamic an interactive way, the catalogue is available from the purpose built HUMITECNIC website.
Air Jet Assisted End Milling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI at High Cutting Speed
Authors: Sakurai Kazutaka , Nakatsukasa Ryuta , Hayashi Mamoru , Obikawa Toshiyuki
Published: July 2015

This paper is related to the air jet assisted machining method for a titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V ELI. The air jet assisted machining method is a new machining method, in which jet of the compressed air is applied to a tool tip together with flood coolant for reducing tool wear and also for extending tool life. In this experimental study, the new method was used in high-speed end milling for confirming the effect on tool life extension. Also, the optimal position of the jet nozzle was found. It was spotted that the new method is highly effective in reducing tool wear even at a high cutting speed. It is particularly noticeable that flank wear near the corner land, which is often severely damaged, was considerably reduced by the method. It turned out that the cutting forces and the degree of surface roughness observed through this method were almost the same as those through an ordinary method with flood coolant alone.
Assessment of Geometrical Deviations of Machined Part by Using Coordinate Measuring Machines
Authors: Phimpisan Phaireepinas , Chungchoo Chatchapol
Published: July 2015

Currently, geometric deviations of machined parts can be measured following the recommendations outlined in ISO standards such as ISO-12780, ISO-12781, ISO-12180 and ISO-12181. Coordinate measuring machines have now become widely used for inspection hence the tracing and probing strategies recommended in these standards have become much more important. Unfortunately, only minimum number of sections and points are mentioned. Generally, in each section, only a single point will be sampled for the inspection processes. However, the interval between each pair of sampling points has to be smaller than half of the wavelength of the machined surface. Hence, in this research, a method for determining a suitable number of sampling sections and points for geometrical deviation assessment of machined parts made from CNC machining centers is introduced. In this method, the wavelength of a machined surface is predicted from the results of tests used to assess machine performance. Using Finished Test Pieces in ISO 10791-7-A160 as a case study, experimental results indicated that the number of assessed sections and points, calculated according to the introduced method, can be used for accurate measurements of the geometrical deviations of machined parts.
Effect of Cutting Conditions on Tool Wear in Driven Rotary Cutting of Maraging Steel
Authors: Goto Masato , Takahashi Wataru , Sasaki Wataru , Toujyo Takeshi , Takagi Yuji , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Sasahara Hiroyuki
Published: July 2015

In this paper, driven rotary cutting of maraging steel was carried out and the influence on tool wear of difference cutting conditions was investigated. As cutting conditions, different coolant conditions, cutting speeds, circumferential velocity ratios, tool inclination angles, tool rotation directions and normal rake angles were tested. We found that as the coolant quantity decreased and cutting speed increased, the width of flank wear increased. It was also found that the circumferential velocity ratio, tool inclination angle, tool rotation direction and normal rake angle have optimal conditions that decrease wear. Optimal conditions were chosen, and a tool life test was carried out. As a result, driven rotary cutting was achieved with 11 or more times the tool life of conventional turning.
Estimating the Cutting Characteristics of Spiral Tap - Tool Edge Temperature and Fluctuation of Cutting Forces
Authors: Kojima Yuto , Tanaka Ryutaro , Sekiya Katsuhiko , Yamada Keiji , Yamane Yasuo
Published: July 2015

A method for estimating the cutting characteristics of spiral tap by fluctuation of cutting forces is proposed. The behavior of torque and thrust in tapping is influenced by the change of cutting state. Therefore in this method the fluctuation of cutting forces is depicted in the torque-thrust plane in which the horizontal axis and the vertical axis indicate thrust and torque respectively. Tapping of stainless steel AISI 304 was conducted with several coated spiral taps attached to an axial floating tap holder. The tool edge temperature was also measured by a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. When the fluctuating of forces in the torque-thrust plane was similar to a theoretical pattern, the surface of thread did not have obvious geometric damage. In this cutting conditions, there is a strong correlation between tool edge temperature and cross-sectional cutting area.
Electroless Ni-P/Diamond/Graphene Composite Coatings and Characterization of their Wear and Corrosion Resistance in Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Lee Cheng Kuo , Teng Chi Lun , Tan An Hung , Yang Ching Yi , Lee Sheng Long
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the electroless Ni-P/diamond/graphene composite coating on the structure and surface hardness of 2024-T6 aluminum alloy as well as their effect on the corrosion and wear resistance of the alloy in 3.5 % NaCl solution. The electroless Ni-P plating solution was prepared by adding different size diamond (6-12 μm and 0.2 μm) and nanographene into the electroless Ni-P plating solution to obtain Ni-P/diamond, Ni-P/graphene and Ni-P/daimond/graphene composite coatings for comparison. Experimental results indicated that the Ni-P/diamond, Ni-P/graphene and Ni-P/daimond/graphene composite coatings can be successfully electroless deposited on anodized 2024-T6 aluminum alloy. The anodically oxidized films, that formed on the aluminum alloy using phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, was porous with high density of pores, and thus could enhance the adhesion of the composite coatings. The Ni-P/daimond/graphene hybrid coating had a higher hardness as well as better corrosion and wear resistance of 2024-T6 alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution as compared with other composite coatings. When the combination of nanographene and smaller diamond particles added this beneficial effect was significantly raised, especially the composite coating was further vacuum annealed at 400 °C for 24 h to obtain a more smooth and defect-free coating structure.
Numerical Analysis for the Growth of Epitaxy Layer in a Large-Size MOCVD Reactor
Authors: Hu Chih Kai , Chien Hung I , Li Tomi T.
Published: July 2015

A modified large-size MOCVD reactor is developed to produce uniform and large-volume epitaxy thin film layer of gallium nitride (GaN). The full governing equations for continuity, momentum, energy and chemical species are solved numerically. It is investigated how thermal flow field, and the operating parameters affect molar concentration of each reactant, and the thin film uniformity. These parameters are involved such as the chamber pressure (100-700 torr), susceptor rotation rate (100-800). In this paper, the simulation results from these listed parameters shows that an optimum epitaxy layer can be achieved in the large-size reactor.
Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Operating Parameters for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Lin Jing Kai , Cheng Shin Wei , Lu Chang Wei , Cheng Yung Neng , Lee Ruey Yi , Kuo Hong Yi , Lin Tai Nan
Published: July 2015

In this paper, the Taguchi method is employed to systematically optimize the operating parameters of an anode-supported SOFC cell. Effects of cell temperatures (650, 675, and 700°C), fuel flow rates (400, 500, and 600 sccm), and oxidant flow rates (1000, 1500, and 2000 sccm) on electrochemical performance, fuel utilization, and electrical efficiency are investigated. The L27 orthogonal arrays of Taguchi experiments are designed and carried out. The signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) indicate that the electrical efficiency is majorly determined by the hydrogen and air flow rates, while the power output is significantly affected by the operating temperatures. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that, under the operating temperature at 675°C with hydrogen and air flow rates respectively of 500 and 1500 sccm, the maximum power density is 480 mW/cm2, where the overall electrical efficiency and fuel utilization is 51.9% and 86.1%, respectively.
Combination of Au Dielectrophoresis Chip and Optical Tweezers for Cell Culture
Authors: Nishimoto Kyohei , Taguchi Kozo
Published: July 2015

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) force will arise when an inhomogeneous AC electric field with sinusoidal wave is applied to microelectrodes. By using DEP, we could distinguish between viable and non-viable cells by their movement through a non-uniform electric field. In this paper, we propose a yeast cell separation system, which utilizes an Au DEP chip and an optical tweezers. The Au DEP chip is planar quadrupole microelectrodes, which were fabricated by Au thin-film and a box cutter. This fabrication method is low cost and simpler than previous existing methods. The tip of the optical tweezers was fabricated by dynamic chemical etching in a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and toluene. The optical tweezers has the feature of high manipulation performance. That does not require objective lens for focusing light because the tip of optical tweezers has conical shape. By using both the Au DEP chip and optical tweezers, we could obtain three-dimensional manipulation of specific cells after viability separation.
Swelling Behavior of Soft and Biological Materials
Authors: Qamar Sayyad Zahid , Akhtar Maaz , Pervez Tasneem
Published: July 2015

Injuries or other ailments can cause swelling of tissues in the body, or of ligaments and tendons surrounding the bones. Such inflammation can lead to discomfort, pain, or even serious illness. Knowledge of the biomechanics of soft tissues is essential for correct prognosis and diagnosis. This requires good modeling and simulation of soft skeletal tissues, which cannot be carried out without experimental material characterization. Behavior of organic tissues is quite similar to that of elastomeric materials that swell when immersed in certain fluids. This work investigates the effect of swelling on compression and bulk properties and the polymeric structure of a water-based elastomer. A drastic change in mechanical and structural properties is observed during the initial swelling period. Elastic and shear moduli decrease by nearly 90% within a few days, and then exhibit almost no change. An opposite trend can be observed for Poisson’s ratio; dramatic increase in the beginning, then a near-constant behavior. Variation in bulk modulus is somewhat fluctuating, but the general trend is a decrease due to swelling. After ten days of swelling, value of Poisson’s ratio becomes approximately 0.5. A sharp decrease in the first week of swelling can be observed in chain density, while cross-link average molecular weight shows the opposite trend of an increase with swelling (with minor fluctuations). Results of this study can provide the material input values for modeling and simulation of the behavior of tissues and other soft biological materials. This, in turn, can form a basis for more detailed analytical and computational studies in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.
Design Calculation for Wedge Cam of Small Roller Centering Three-Jaw Jig
Authors: Xu Nan Nan , Tang Wen Cheng
Published: July 2015

As wedge cam contour’s conventional equation of small roller centering three-jaw jig calculated by classic method is complex and difficult to be used for processing directly, a numerical calculation method for the wedge cam contour is proposed. Firstly, structure and working principle of centering small roller jig is introduced. Secondly, a new numerical calculation method sampling for wedge cam contour using equal step is presented, which can be obtained sampling points expression by numerical calculation model. Then,these samples points assignment will be fitting and interpolation in accordance with quadratic polynomial curve. The equation of quadratic polynomial interpolation on these sampling points these sampling will be obtained, which can be directly applied to NC programming. At last, through comparing fitted quadratic polynomial curve calculated by the numerical method with the theoretical curve calculated by classic method, it is found that the comparison tolerance is much smaller than conventional processing tolerance which is produced by using the theoretical curve for processing. The comparison tolerance is analyzed, refining the sampling step length and using piecewise fitting and interpolation loop calculation method is proposed,which can further improve numerical calculation accuracy to satisfy the requirement of higher and higher positioning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the numerical calculation method can effectively solve the difficult processing problem of wedge cam contour, which will produce better economic benefits.
Researching and Calculating the Effect of the Slides and the Nozzles’ Structural Positions of "Rice Sorting Machine”
Authors: Le Thanh Son , Nguyen Thien Binh , Nguyen Thanh Nam , Nguyen Huy-Bich , Phan Lam
Published: July 2015

Rice Color Sorter plays an important role in the postharvest rice processing assembly. The quality and price of rice export will be increased by using this machine for classifying finished-rice. This paper presents the designing, the slide–adjustment structure and the position of nozzles for a rice color sorter machine. Slides, nozzles and materials-catching slide are main factors in classifying-component of Rice Color Sorter. The relative positions of these factors will decide the accuracy and response-ability of identification process using the high speed CCD camera. Moreover, the relationship of parameters decides the relative distance between devices in classifying-component of Rice Color Sorter with a standard-work mode. It also gives suitable-adjustment-structures for Rice Color Sorter responding the best image-identifying-control module of CCD camera.
Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Shape Measurement Using a Triangulation Method Sensor with Optical Skid
Authors: Otsubo Tatsuki , Yazawa Takanori , Yamada Reiko , Fujii Keita , Nakasage Syunta , Maeda Yukio , Yamamoto Ikuo , Ougiya Yasuhiko , Kojima Tatsuhiro
Published: July 2015

On-machine measurement is used in ultra-processing machining, but it is seldom used in precision machining. For on-machine measurement, it is necessary that the sensor not be easily affected by the moving error or environment vibration in the field of precision machining. A triangulation method sensor with the optical skid method made using a new design concept is proposed to remove the moving error and vibration. The optical skid method used two laser spots with different sizes: the small spot diameter is the stylus and the large spot diameter is the skid [1]. The difference between these two signals reflects the surface shape. The developed sensor comprises an optical source and two optical receiving systems. Each optical receiving system has an imaging lens and a detector. Instead of two laser spots of different sizes, two detectors with different sizes of receiving area serve as the optical skid. Results confirmed the possibility of reducing the influence of the vibration using the developed sensor. In on-machine measurements, measurement of the surface profile with long wavelength is often necessary. If the spot diameter of the skid is not much larger than the surface profile wavelength, then the smoothing effect of the skid is reduced. Therefore, the amplitude of the measured profile by the skid sensor is smaller than actual amplitude of the workpiece. This paper presents a method of reconstructing the surface profile from the measurement results and the obtained effects of the reconstruction method from simulations and experiments.
Comprehensive Calibration of Structured Light Measurement System Using Planar Chessboard
Authors: Chen Ping , Zhang Zhi Sheng , Chao Yuan , Zhou Yi Fan
Published: July 2015

For producing dense 3D reconstructed coordinates in a 360º view, comprehensive calibration of structured light measurement system is proposed to calibrate the camera, laser and turntable using planar chessboard. The camera captures images containing the chessboard placed on the turntable with laser stripe projecting onto it. Firstly, camera model is determined by using multiple views of chessboard positioned differently; secondly, laser plane is estimated with the 3D reconstructed coordinates of laser stripes viewed at various angles; finally, rotation axis is decided under the constraint of each circular motion trajectory of chessboard corners from different perspectives. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for estimating the parameters of camera model, laser plane and rotation axis at a high accuracy.
Designing and Implementing the Remote-Environmental-Parameters-Monitoring-by-Internet KIT
Authors: Phan Lam , Bui Huu Phu , Le Tran Danh
Published: July 2015

Environmental monitoring plays a very important role in the activities of predicting and protecting environments and society. The activities are included of monitoring environmental parameters continuously, predicting and evaluating the effects of environments on society, warning immediately the abnormal phenomenon or pollution due to environmental changes, making data base etc. In the paper, we will present our proposal of design and implementation of a kit monitoring environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, pH, salt percentage, water level, etc remotely through internet. Obtained data will be monitored, handled, managed, reported. The system has been used to monitor environmental parameters to evaluate the waste water in industrial zones in Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
Control-Oriented Model of Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle Motion
Authors: Szymak Piotr , Praczyk Tomasz
Published: July 2015

In the paper, the problem of modeling motion of Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle BUV has been taken into consideration. The model of the BUV motion has been designed for initial tuning and verification of the vehicle’s autonomy system. The BUV is built within development project funded by Polish National Centre of Research and Development. At the end of the project, it is expected to achieve technology demonstrator at the 7th level of technology readiness.In the first part of the paper, a control-oriented mathematical model of the BUV designed for implementation of the simulator is described. Then, selected results of the BUV operation in the form of courses of the vehicle motion parameters are presented. Finally, general information about the implementation of the BUV model has been inserted.
Assessing Energy Efficiency of High Pressure Regenerative Feedwater Heaters in a Heating Unit of a Cogeneration Plant
Authors: Pojawa Bogdan
Published: July 2015

Broadly understood technological progress, growth of the world's population and striving of individual countries for economic growth cause increased demand for energy. That energy is mainly obtained conventionally, from mineral fuels [16]. Limited fuel resources and high demand for fuels, which accompanies the increased demand for energy, result in continuous growth of fuel prices and, what it involves, the price of energy [6,16]. Another effect of the increased production of energy results is also the increased emission of combustion products which are harmful for the natural environment, mainly CO2 and NOx [6,9,10,]. Because of the above-mentioned factors, the importance of the assessment of energy efficiency, at the stage of energy production, distribution and end use as well as the problem of environmental protection gain more and more importance [4,5,15]. The idea of energy efficiency lies not only in energy conservation but also in finding ways for the present activities of producers and consumers to require reduced demand for primary energy expressed in tonnes of oil equivalent [3,7,13,14,17,19,21]. Energy companies must therefore respect a number of legal regulations concerning energy efficiency and environmental protection [3,4,5,15]. An energy company such as a cogeneration plant may achieve an improvement of energy efficiency mainly as a result of energy cogeneration itself but also as a result of improving the efficiency of internal processes (energy transformations) in the producing unit (in this case heating unit). Ensuring the maximum possible energy efficiency of the internal processes within the heating unit requires performing constant assessment of the entire unit and its components [7,11,12,13]. Even though energy cogeneration has been in use for a long time now [7,12,21], the problem of conducting a running energy efficiency assessment of the components of the heating unit still remains open [12].
Application of HFRT Methods to Diagnose the Technical Condition of High-Speed Marine Diesel Engines
Authors: Lus Tomasz
Published: July 2015

The paper presents problems related to testing of the technical condition of high-speed marine diesel engines that are not equipped with indicated valves, as it is in the case of larger medium-and low-speed marine internal combustion engines. In this case, in assessment of technical condition of engine fuel injection system and valve gear system a vibration signals (in time / angle domain) analysis modified method called HFRT (High Frequency Resonance Technique) can be used. This method indirectly helps also to evaluate the fuel combustion process in the engine cylinders. The paper presents the theoretical basis of a modified HFRT method, physical implementation of the marine diesel engine system’s analyzer used for marine engines testing built at the Institute of Construction and Operation of Ships at Polish Naval Academy (PNA) in Gdynia. The paper also includes a description of the vibration signal processing methodology and examples of measurements made in the ships conditions for a few selected types of engines.
Copper content of Canadian shield rocks, red Lake-lansdowne house area, northwestern Ontario
Authors: Emslie R F , Holman R H C
Published: July 2015

An experimental geochemical survey was made of copper in the common rocks of 43,000 square miles of the Canadian Shield in the Province of Ontario. It was based on the analyses of 7,963 samples and has shown that, (1) the mean copper content of the main rock
types varies from 7 ppm in leucocratic granites to 61 ppm in basic volcanic rocks (these mean concentrations are lower than most published abundance figures for copper in similar rocks); (2) variations in the mean copper content within each rock type, considered on a regional scale, are in general
insignificantly small, but there are exceptions; and (3) the distribution of the copper in each type of rock is approximately lognormal.
Geochemical prospecting for petroleum and natural gas in Canada
Authors: Debnam A H
Published: July 2015

In this bulletin an attempt is made to evaluate the application of a geochemical method for locating oil and gas fields in Canada. The Innisfail and Pincher Creek fields in Alberta and the Gobles and Colchester fields in southwestern Ontario were chosen for
study. Of the numerous geochemical techniques available the author chose soil sampling from a depth of 8 feet with subsequent extraction and determination of the gaseous hydrocarbons ethane, propane, butanes, and pentanes as being the most direct and reliable prospecting procedure. Reproduction of
the sampling technique and repetition of the analytical techniques appear to be within acceptable limits. Factors that may cause erroneous results include variations in soil type and uneven topography, and the writer recommends that surveys be restricted to areas in which adverse factors contribute
minimum errors rather than to attempt to apply corrections to results obtained in unsuitable areas. The presence of deep glacial deposits at the surface and of large amounts of hydrocarbons distributed through the sediments above the oil and gas pools does not seem to have an unduly adverse effect
on the results. Geochemical anomalies appear to be associated with all the fields studied with anomaly intensity roughly proportional to productivity. Each of the "halo" and "solid" types of anomalies can be recognized. The writer concludes that the geochemical method can be a valuable addition to
the usual geological and geophysical exploration methods if used under favourable circumstances.
Comparison of Neurocognitive Testing and the Measurement of Marinobufagenin in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Oliver Joel , Abbas Kamran , Lightfoot J. Timothy , Baskin Kelly , Collins Blaise , Wier David , Bramhall Joe P. , Huang Jason , Puschett Jules B.
Published: July 2015

The evaluation of concussed athletes, including testing to determine if and when they may return to play, has become an important task of athletic trainers and team physicians. Currently, concussion protocols are in place, which depend largely upon assessments based upon neurocognitive testing (NCT). The authors have evaluated the use of a biomarker of brain trauma, marinobufagenin (MBG), and compared its application in concussed athletes with the performance of NTC. We found a disparity between these two testing procedures. In this communication, the findings of these comparative data are presented. We noted that athletes whose NCT evaluations had returned to baseline and who were allowed to again participate in play then showed a recurrence of elevated urinary MBG excretion. These observations raise concern as to the processes currently in effect with regard to the decision as to returning athletes to the full activity. They suggest a need for further evaluation.
Operne reforme Richarda Wagnerja in glasbena drama
Authors: Klemenčič Ivan
Published: July 2015

Obravnava teoretičnih izhodišč za operne reforme Richarda Wagnerja izhaja iz štirih skladateljevih spisov na prelomu štiridesetih v petdeseta leta 19. stoletja, predvsem knjižne izdaje Opera in dramaiz leta 1851. Po predstavitvi tipike glasbene drame in razlike z opero se razprava osredotoča na ugotavljanje prvin glasbene drame v Wagnerjevem zrelem in poznem glasbenoscenskem ustvarjanju.
Bibliografija Muzikološkega zbornika 1965–2014
Authors: Krstulović Zoran
Published: July 2015

Bibliografija Muzikološkega zbornika 1965–2014
»Kot pravi Boetij …«: Zarlinovi Temelji harmonikein Boetijevi Temelji glasbe
Authors: Sukljan Nejc
Published: July 2015

Prispevek obravnava povezave med dvema izmed pomembnejših glasbenoteoretskih  traktatov, Temelji harmonike Gioseffa Zarlina in Temelji glasbe Anicija Manlija Severina Boetija. Odgovoriti skuša na vprašanje, v kolikšni meri se Zarlino navezuje na Boetija in prevzema njegove misli ter v kolikšni meri se od njega odmika.
What Are the Great Discoveries of Your Field? Informal Comments on the Contributions of Ethnomusicology
Authors: Nettl Bruno
Published: July 2015

This is an attempt to sketch some of the principal discoveries or contributions of the field of ethnomusicology since 1885. These include consideration of the world of music as comprised of musics, the origin of music, universals, the study of music in culture, the relationship of composition and improvisation, the issue of authenticity,  and  the practical contributions of  ethnomusicology to education and social life.