bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model‐Based Assessment of Dosing Strategies in Children for Monoclonal Antibodies Exhibiting Target‐Mediated Drug Disposition
Authors: Zheng S , Gaitonde P , Andrew M A , Gibbs M A , Lesko L J , Schmidt S
Published: October 2014

Body weight/body surface area–based and/or tiered fixed dosing strategies are widely utilized for monoclonal antibodies with linear clearance to scale adult clinical doses to children. However, there is limited knowledge on whether or not body weight–based dosing strategies also yield comparable dose‐concentration‐response relationships in adults and children for monoclonal antibodies that exhibit target‐mediated drug disposition. Our findings indicate that it is important to interpret pharmacokinetics information in a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics context as similar systemic drug exposure in adults and children may not be reflective of the corresponding target occupancy. They further indicate that BW‐based dosing is superior to fixed dosing for the same target concentration, whereas the opposite holds true for the same target amount in adults and children. Michaelis‐Menten approximations yielded similar profiles compared to the full target‐mediated drug disposition model for all simulation scenarios and may be used to guide the selection of appropriate dosing regimens in children.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e138; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.38; published online 01 October 2014
Influence of intermolecular interactions on spectroscopic characteristics of metal nanoparticles and their composites
Authors: Shaganov Igor I. , Perova Tatiana S. , Mukhina Maria V. , Martynenko Irina V. , Baranov Alexander V. , Fedorov Anatoly V. , Gerard Valerie , Gun'ko Yuri K.
Published: October 2014

The concepts of intermolecular interactions and dispersion of local field were applied for the study of the influence of interactions of metal nanoparticles with matrix molecules on the spectral characteristics of colloidal solutions.
Surface modification processes during methane decomposition on Cu-promoted Ni–ZrO2catalysts
Authors: Wolfbeisser Astrid , Klötzer Bernhard , Mayr Lukas , Rameshan Raffael , Zemlyanov Dmitry , Bernardi Johannes , Föttinger Karin , Rupprechter Günther
Published: October 2014

We explored the surface chemistry of methane on Cu-promoted Ni–ZrO2catalysts and observed a limited stability of the CuNi alloy under relevant reaction conditions.
Assessing metal contamination from construction and demolition (C&D) waste used to infill wetlands: using Deroceras reticulatum (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
Authors: Staunton John A. , Mc Donnell Rory J. , Gormally Michael J. , Williams Chris D. , Henry Tiernan , Morrison Liam
Published: October 2014

This study employs Deroceras reticulatum as the first biomonitor of priority pollutant metals on construction and demolition waste.
Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake): a unique resource for developing functional foods and medicines
Authors: Wang Mingxing , Gao Yang , Xu Duoduo , Konishi Tetsuya , Gao Qipin
Published: October 2014

This article provides valuable scientific information for Hericium erinaceus and shows its potential for the development of new functional foods and drugs.
Role of a remote leucine residue in the catalytic function of polyol dehydrogenase
Authors: Tiwari Manish Kumar , Kalia Vipin C. , Kang Yun Chan , Lee Jung-Kul
Published: October 2014

This study examined the role of remote residues on the structure and function of zinc-dependent polyol dehydrogenases.
Low-migratory ionic ferrocene-based burning rate catalysts with high combustion catalytic efficiency
Authors: Liu Xuelin , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei
Published: October 2014

1-(Ferrocenylmethyl)alkylimidazolium-based ionic compounds with low-migration, high thermal stability and catalytic activity in the thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate were synthesized and characterized.
Design and synthesis of potent hydroxamate inhibitors with increased selectivity within the gelatinase family
Authors: Zapico José María , Puckowska Anna , Filipiak Kamila , Coderch Claire , de Pascual-Teresa Beatriz , Ramos Ana
Published: October 2014

Triazole-based inhibitors with high potency and selectivity for MMP-2 were obtained through a click chemistry approach.
Synthesis of a starch derivative and its application in fertilizer for slow nutrient release and water-holding
Authors: Lü Shaoyu , Gao Chunmei , Wang Xinggang , Xu Xiubin , Bai Xiao , Gao Nannan , Feng Chen , Wei Yi , Wu Lan , Liu Mingzhu
Published: October 2014

A biomass based coated fertilizer was developed, which plays an important role in retarding nutrient release and holding water in soil.
Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of glucose oxidase based poly(l-arginine)-multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Vilian A. T. Ezhil , Chen Shen-Ming
Published: October 2014

Schematic diagram of the preparation of GOx/P-l-Arg/f-MWCNTs/GCE modified electrodes for glucose biosensors.
A molecularly imprinted electrochemical enzymeless sensor based on functionalized gold nanoparticle decorated carbon nanotubes for methyl-parathion detection
Authors: Wu Bowan , Hou Lijie , Du Miao , Zhang Tiantian , Wang Zhihua , Xue Zhonghua , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: October 2014

Schematic of MP MIP sensor and the possible mechanism.
Rayleigh-instability-driven morphology transformation of electrospun polymer fibers imaged by in situ optical microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Lee Ting-Hsien , Chiu Yu-Jing , Lai Yu-Cheng , Fan Ping-Wen , Kuo Tyng-Yow , Liau Ian , Chen Jiun-Tai
Published: October 2014

Morphology transformation of electrospun polymer fibers is studied by in situ optical microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.
Solvatochromic studies of pull–push molecules containing dimethylaniline and aromatic hydrocarbon linked by an acetylene unit
Authors: Bylińska Irena , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Czaplewski Cezary , Wiczk Wiesław
Published: October 2014

Pull–push molecules containing dimethylaniline and aromatic hydrocarbon linked by an acetylene unit were studied using spectroscopic methods and DFT theoretical calculations.
Investigation of the regeneration kinetics of organic dyes with pyridine ring anchoring groups by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Alemu Getachew , Cui Jin , Cao Kun , Li Junpeng , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: October 2014

The regeneration dynamics can be understood with the help of scanning electrochemical microscopy, showing that anchoring group significantly affects the effective rate constant.
Promising density functional theory methods for predicting the structures of uranyl complexes
Authors: Yu Hai-Zhu , Li Can , Chen Bai-Hua , Yang Chu-Ting , Wang Dongrui , Fu Yao , Hu Sheng , Dang Zhimin
Published: October 2014

By examining the overall accuracy of different theoretical methods in predicting the U–X bond distances (of a series uranyl complexes), we found that both the global-hybrid meta-GGA functional of BB1K and the range-seperated LC-BLYP functional are fairly good (even better than the popular B3LYP method).
Influence of sintering additives on densification and Li+ conductivity of Al doped Li7La3Zr2O12 lithium garnet
Authors: Janani Narayanasamy , Deviannapoorani C. , Dhivya L. , Murugan Ramaswamy
Published: October 2014

Al–LLZ with 1 wt% of Li4SiO4 added and sintered at 1200 °C was found to be relatively dense which enhances the total (bulk + grain-boundary) Li+ conductivity by reducing the grain-boundary contribution.
In situ synthesis of ultra-small platinum nanoparticles using a water soluble polyphenolic polymer with high catalytic activity
Authors: Maji Tanmoy , Banerjee Sanjib , Biswas Mrinmoy , Mandal Tarun K.
Published: October 2014

Ultra-small platinum nanoparticles are generated by in situ polymer reduction technique which shows high catalytic activity in water and in organic solvent.
Easy preparation of an MRI contrast agent with high longitudinal relaxivity based on gadolinium ions-loaded graphene oxide
Authors: Ren Xianyan , Jing Xinli , Liu Lihua , Guo Liping , Zhang Ming , Li Yu
Published: October 2014

A facile synthetic strategy, which leads to a high-performance Gd3+-based MRI contrast agent (Gd3+@CGO), is developed using graphene oxide as a nanocarrier.
Ultra-thin Al2O3 films grown by atomic layer deposition for corrosion protection of copper
Authors: Chai Zhimin , Liu Yuhong , Li Jing , Lu Xinchun , He Dannong
Published: October 2014

Ultra-thin Al2O3 films with thickness in the range of 4.5–29.4 nm were prepared on a copper substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at the temperature of 150 °C to protect the substrate from corrosion.
Safety evaluation of graphene oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites as MRI contrast agents and drug delivery vehicles
Authors: Shen Jian-Min , Huang Gang , Zhou Xing , Zou Jin , Yang Yang , Chen Yan-Fang , Men Sheng-Kang
Published: October 2014

Safety evaluation of graphene oxide-based magnetic nanocomposites.
SnO2 decorated graphene nanocomposite anode materials prepared via an up-scalable wet-mechanochemical process for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Li Sheng , Wang Yazhou , Qiu Jingxia , Ling Min , Wang Haihui , Martens Wayde , Zhang Shanqing
Published: October 2014

A hierarchical structured SnO2@graphene nanocomposite has been obtained with superior high-rate and cycle performance for sodium ion batteries.
Mesoporous TiO2 microbead electrodes for solid state dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pazoki M. , Oscarsson J. , Yang L. , Park B. W. , Johansson E. M. J. , Rensmo H. , Hagfeldt A. , Boschloo G.
Published: October 2014

Mesoporous TiO2 microbead films have been investigated as working electrode for solid state dye sensitized solar cells and 3.5% efficiency was achieved. Low trap density of microbead film leads to high voltage and fast electron transport.
Flower-like In2O3 hierarchical nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and gas sensing properties
Authors: Han Dan , Song Peng , Zhang Huihui , Yan Huihui , Xu Qi , Yang Zhongxi , Wang Qi
Published: October 2014

Flower-like In2O3 nanostructures with superior ethanol sensing performance were synthesized by annealing In(OH)3 precursor prepared via a one-step hydrothermal method.
Reversible photo-, metallo- and thermo-induced morphological dynamics of bis-acylhydrazones
Authors: Ratjen Lars , Lehn Jean-Marie
Published: October 2014

A reversible interconversion-cycle, making use of the multiple dynamic properties of bisacylhydrazones, is presented.
Up-converted fluorescence emission under linear common spectrofluorometer from PAMAM pyridine derivatives and with QDs nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Yan , Qian Ying
Published: October 2014

Organic pyridine PAMAM dendrimers and added QDs nanoparticles realized up-converted fluorescence emission under a 800 nm linear light-source using a common spectrofluorometer.
Renal-specific delivery of prednisolone-folate conjugates for renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Qin , Fu Yao , Liu Renhe , Gong Tao , Sun Xun , Zhang Zhi-Rong
Published: October 2014

Prednisolone-folate conjugate (PFC) was synthesized to achieve renal-targeted delivery and specific intracellular release of prednisolone.
A comparative study of the coordination behavior of cyclo-P5 and cyclo-As5 ligand complexes towards the trinuclear Lewis acid complex (perfluoro-ortho-phenylene)mercury
Authors: Fleischmann Martin , Jones James S. , Gabbaï François P. , Scheer Manfred
Published: October 2014

Reactions of the cyclo-E5 sandwich complexes [Cp*Fe(η5-P5)] (1) and [Cp*Fe(η5-As5)] (2) with the planar Lewis acid [(o-C6F4Hg)3] (3) afford compounds that show distinctly different assemblies in the solid state.
Hydrogen dangling bonds induce ferromagnetism in two-dimensional metal-free graphitic-C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: Xu Kun , Li Xiuling , Chen Pengzuo , Zhou Dan , Wu Changzheng , Guo Yuqiao , Zhang Lidong , Zhao Jiyin , Wu Xiaojun , Xie Yi
Published: October 2014

Inducing ferromagnetism in two dimensional metal-free g-C3N4 nanosheets has been achieved through the introduction of hydrogen dangling bonds.
Ligand design for Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation: an unsymmetrical cyclopentadienyl group enables a regioselective synthesis of dihydroisoquinolones
Authors: Hyster Todd K. , Dalton Derek M. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: October 2014

A modified cyclopentadienyl ligand greatly improves regioselectivity in Rh(iii) catalyzed alkene insertion/C–H activation.
Antibiotic nanoparticles embedded into the Parylene C layer as a new method to prevent medical device-associated infections
Authors: Grinberg Olga , Natan Michal , Lipovsky Anat , Varvak Alexander , Keppner Herbert , Gedanken Aharon , Banin Ehud
Published: October 2014

Tetracycline nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and simultaneously deposited on Parylene-C coated glass slides using ultrasound irradiation.
Realization of a self-powered ZnO MSM UV photodetector with high responsivity using an asymmetric pair of Au electrodes
Authors: Chen Hong-Yu , Liu Ke-Wei , Chen Xing , Zhang Zhen-Zhong , Fan Ming-Ming , Jiang Ming-Ming , Xie Xiu-Hua , Zhao Hai-Feng , Shen De-Zhen
Published: October 2014

We demonstrate a novel ZnO self-powered photodetector based on the asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal structure: one Au interdigitated electrode with wide fingers and the other one with narrow fingers.
The disease-associated mutation of the mitochondrial thiol oxidase Erv1 impairs cofactor binding during its catalytic reaction
Authors: Ceh-Pavia Efrain , Ang Swee Kim , Spiller Michael P. , Lu Hui
Published: October 2014

Erv1 (essential for respiration and viability 1) is an FAD-dependent thiol oxidase of the Erv/ALR (augmenter of liver regeneration) sub-family. It is an essential component of the mitochondrial import and assembly (MIA) pathway, playing an important role in the oxidative folding of the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) proteins and linking the MIA pathway to the mitochondrial respiratory chain via cytochrome c (cyt c). The importance of the Erv/ALR enzymes was also demonstrated in a recent study where a single mutation in the human ALR (R194H) leads to autosomal recessive myopathy [Di Fonzo, Ronchi, Lodi, Fassone, Tigano, Lamperti, Corti, Bordoni, Fortunato, Nizzardo et al. (2009) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84, 594–604]. However, the molecular mechanism of the disease is still unclear. In the present study, we use yeast Erv1 as a model to provide clear evidence for a progressive functional defect in the catalytic activity of the corresponding Erv1 R182H mutant. We show that the FAD cofactor was released from Erv1 R182H during its catalytic cycle, which led to the inactivation of the enzyme. We also characterized the effects of the mutation on the folding and stability of Erv1 and tested our in vitro findings in vivo using a yeast genetic approach. The results of the present study allow us to provide a model for the functional defect in Erv1 R182H, which could potentially be extended to human ALR R194H and provides insights into the molecular basis of autosomal recessive myopathy.
Performance of the generalised quantise‐and‐forward scheme over the multiple‐access relay channel
Authors: Lei Ming , Soleymani Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2014

In this study, the authors apply a generalised quantise‐and‐forward (GQF) relaying scheme for multiple access relay channel (MARC). The authors find achievable rate regions of GQF on MARC for both discrete memoryless case and additive white Gaussian channel. They assume that the relay has no access to channel state information (CSI) of the relay–destination link. Through numerical examples, they show that in the absence of CSI at the relay, the GQF scheme outperforms other relaying schemes. They also show that the outage probability of the individual users is lower than that of classic compress‐and‐forward scheme.
State‐of‐the‐art and ‐practice review of public transport priority strategies
Authors: Diakaki Christina , Papageorgiou Markos , Dinopoulou Vaya , Papamichail Ioannis , Garyfalia Malandraki
Published: October 2014

In the years to come, public transport (PT) will be called to play a significant role towards achieving the sustainable transport system objective set for the future in Europe and beyond. To this end, the quality, accessibility and reliability of its operations should be improved. In this context, the favourable treatment of PT means within the road network may have, among others, a significant contribution. Such treatment can be derived as a result of an appropriate design of the road network facilities and/or the employed signal control at the network junctions. To this end, several approaches have been proposed, and it is the aim of this study to review the state‐of‐the‐art and ‐practice in such approaches, focusing mainly on those attempting to provide priority via appropriate adjustment, in real time, of the junctions' signal control.
To switch travel mode or not? Impact of Smartphone delivered high‐quality multimodal information
Authors: Gan Hongcheng
Published: October 2014

Travellers' mode switch behaviour with the presence of high‐quality Smartphone delivered multimodal information (SMMI) seems to have rarely been addressed. This study investigated commuters’ en‐trip mode decision about switching from ‘auto’ to ‘park‐and‐ride’ (P + R) under high‐quality SMMI that provides travel time for both modes, delay for auto, cause of delay, P + R cost and comfort level of rail transit. It is based on a stated preference survey of Shanghai travellers. A binary logit model was developed to identify contributing factors that affect mode switching decisions. Results showed that SMMI can significantly influence mode choice and its impacts depend on traveller attributes, driver's previous experience, and level of service attributes. Statistically significant explanatory variables in the model are delay for auto, comfort level of rail transit, gender, education level, income, driving experience, driving frequency, main criterion of mode choice, owning an easy public transportation ride card, previous use of P + R, perceived value of existing real‐time traveller information and frequency of using real‐time traveller information. This study also developed a practical logit model that encompasses policy related explanatory variables to obtain policy implications for real application of SMMI services in Shanghai.
Minimisations of total harmonic distortion in cascaded transformers multilevel inverter by modifying turn ratios of the transformers and input voltage regulation
Authors: Ajami Ali , Farakhor Amir , Ardi Hossein
Published: October 2014

A total harmonic distortion (THD) minimisation technique for cascaded transformers multilevel inverters is presented. In the proposed method, turn ratios of the transformers are optimised along with switching angles in order to minimise the THD of the inverter output voltage. Assuming turn ratios of the transformers as variables adds extra degrees of freedom to the equations. To obtain high‐quality output voltage with an acceptable THD in lower modulation indices, the input voltage is also regulated. Genetic algorithm is applied to minimise THD as well as satisfy fundamental component of the output voltage. To verify the feasibility of the proposed approach, a nine‐level cascaded transformer inverter prototype has been implemented. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique in THD minimisation and generation of the desired fundamental component at output voltage.
Observations of large-scale fluid transport by laser-guided plankton aggregations
Authors: Wilhelmus Monica M. , Dabiri John O.
Published: October 2014

Diel vertical migration of plankton has been proposed to affect global ocean circulation to a degree comparable to winds and tides. This biomixing process has never been directly observed, however, due to the inability to predict its occurrence in situ or to reproduce it in a laboratory setting. Furthermore, it has been argued that the energy imparted to the ocean by plankton migrations occurs at the scale of individual organisms, which is too small to impact ocean mixing. We describe the development of a multi-laser guidance system that leverages the phototactic abilities of plankton to achieve controllable vertical migrations concurrently with laser velocimetry of the surrounding flow. Measurements in unstratified fluid show that the hydrodynamic interactions between neighboring swimmers establish an alternate energy transfer route from the small scales of individually migrating plankton to significantly larger scales. Observations of laser-induced vertical migrations of Artemia salina reveal the appearance of a downward jet, which triggers a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that results in the generation of eddy-like structures with characteristic length scales much larger than the organisms. The measured energy spectrum is consistent with these findings and indicates energy input at large scales, despite the small individual size of the organisms. These results motivate the study of biomixing in the presence of stratification to assess the contribution of migrating zooplankton to local and global ocean dynamics. The laser control methodology developed here enables systematic study of the relevant processes.
Classification of real Lie superalgebras based on a simple Lie algebra, giving rise to interesting examples involving ${\mathfrak {su}}(2,2)$su(2,2)
Authors: Guzzo H. , Hernández I. , Sánchez-Valenzuela O. A.
Published: October 2014

Finite dimensional semisimple real Lie superalgebras are described via finite dimensional semisimple complex Lie superalgebras. As an application of these results, finite dimensional real Lie superalgebras $\mathfrak {m}=\mathfrak {m}_0 \oplus \mathfrak {m}_1$m=m0⊕m1 for which $\mathfrak {m}_0$m0 is a simple Lie algebra are classified up to isomorphism.
Ion aggregation in high salt solutions: Ion network versus ion cluster
Authors: Kim Seongheun , Kim Heejae , Choi Jun-Ho , Cho Minhaeng
Published: October 2014

The critical aggregation phenomena are ubiquitous in many self-assembling systems. Ions in high salt solutions could also spontaneously form larger ion aggregates, but their effects on hydrogen-bond structures in water have long been controversial. Here, carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of high salt solutions and comparing the MD simulation results with infrared absorption and pump-probe spectroscopy of O–D stretch mode of HDO in highly concentrated salt solutions and 13C-NMR chemical shift of S13CN− in KSCN solutions, we find evidence on the onset of ion aggregate and large-scale ion-ion network formation that concomitantly breaks water hydrogen-bond structure in certain salt solutions. Despite that these experimental results cannot provide direct evidence on the three-dimensional morphological structures of ion aggregates, they serve as reference data for verifying MD simulation methods. The MD results suggest that disrupted water hydrogen-bond network is intricately intertwined with ion-ion network. This further shows morphological variation of ion aggregate structures from ion cluster to ion network in high salt solutions that are interrelated to the onset of macroscopic aggregate formation and the water hydrogen-bond structure making and breaking processes induced by Hofmeister ions.
Photoelectron angular distributions for states of any mixed character: An experiment-friendly model for atomic, molecular, and cluster anions
Authors: Khuseynov Dmitry , Blackstone Christopher C. , Culberson Lori M. , Sanov Andrei
Published: October 2014

We present a model for laboratory-frame photoelectron angular distributions in direct photodetachment from (in principle) any molecular orbital using linearly polarized light. A transparent mathematical approach is used to generalize the Cooper-Zare central-potential model to anionic states of any mixed character. In the limit of atomic-anion photodetachment, the model reproduces the Cooper-Zare formula. In the case of an initial orbital described as a superposition of s and p-type functions, the model yields the previously obtained s-p mixing formula. The formalism is further advanced using the Hanstorp approximation, whereas the relative scaling of the partial-wave cross-sections is assumed to follow the Wigner threshold law. The resulting model describes the energy dependence of photoelectron anisotropy for any atomic, molecular, or cluster anions, usually without requiring a direct calculation of the transition dipole matrix elements. As a benchmark case, we apply the p-d variant of the model to the experimental results for NO− photodetachment and show that the observed anisotropy trend is described well using physically meaningful values of the model parameters. Overall, the presented formalism delivers insight into the photodetachment process and affords a new quantitative strategy for analyzing the photoelectron angular distributions and characterizing mixed-character molecular orbitals using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of negative ions.
Non-monotonic swelling of surface grafted hydrogels induced by pH and/or salt concentration
Authors: Longo Gabriel S. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Szleifer I.
Published: October 2014

We use a molecular theory to study the thermodynamics of a weak-polyacid hydrogel film that is chemically grafted to a solid surface. We investigate the response of the material to changes in the pH and salt concentration of the buffer solution. Our results show that the pH-triggered swelling of the hydrogel film has a non-monotonic dependence on the acidity of the bath solution. At most salt concentrations, the thickness of the hydrogel film presents a maximum when the pH of the solution is increased from acidic values. The quantitative details of such swelling behavior, which is not observed when the film is physically deposited on the surface, depend on the molecular architecture of the polymer network. This swelling-deswelling transition is the consequence of the complex interplay between the chemical free energy (acid-base equilibrium), the electrostatic repulsions between charged monomers, which are both modulated by the absorption of ions, and the ability of the polymer network to regulate charge and control its volume (molecular organization). In the absence of such competition, for example, for high salt concentrations, the film swells monotonically with increasing pH. A deswelling-swelling transition is similarly predicted as a function of the salt concentration at intermediate pH values. This reentrant behavior, which is due to the coupling between charge regulation and the two opposing effects triggered by salt concentration (screening electrostatic interactions and charging/discharging the acid groups), is similar to that found in end-grafted weak polyelectrolyte layers. Understanding how to control the response of the material to different stimuli, in terms of its molecular structure and local chemical composition, can help the targeted design of applications with extended functionality. We describe the response of the material to an applied pressure and an electric potential. We present profiles that outline the local chemical composition of the hydrogel, which can be useful information when designing applications that pursue or require the absorption of biomolecules or pH-sensitive molecules within different regions of the film.
Terahertz electromagnetic wave generation and amplification by an electron beam in the elliptical plasma waveguides with dielectric rod
Authors: Rahmani Z. , Jazi B. , Heidari-Semiromi E.
Published: October 2014

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in an elliptical plasma waveguide including strongly magnetized plasma column and a dielectric rod is investigated. The dispersion relation of guided hybrid electromagnetic waves is obtained. Excitation of the waves by a thin annular relativistic elliptical electron beam will be studied. The time growth rate of electromagnetic waves is obtained. The effects of relative permittivity constant of dielectric rod, radius of dielectric rod, accelerating voltage, and current density of the annular elliptical beam on the growth rate and the frequency spectra are numerically presented.
Effects of graded distribution of scattering centers on ballistic transport
Authors: Mitran T. L. , Nemnes G. A. , Ion L. , Dragoman Daniela
Published: October 2014

The transmission coefficient of a two dimensional scattering region connected to ideal leads was calculated for the case of electrons interacting with an inhomogeneous distribution of repulsive or attractive scattering centers. The scattering centers with Gaussian profiles were positioned at regular intervals perpendicular to the transport direction, but were spaced according to a power law along this direction. The transmission function was obtained using a scattering formalism based on the R-matrix method. The simulations revealed that although, overall, the transmission coefficient decreases and becomes almost monotonously dependent on energy as the inhomogeneity of both attractive and repulsive scattering centers increases, the redistribution of transmission between open channels depends on the type of scattering centers.
Structural and electronic properties of LaO δ-doped SrTiO3 caused by biaxial strain
Authors: Adhikari Rajendra , Fu Huaxiang
Published: October 2014

δ-doping in SrTiO3 plays a pivotal role for oxide electronics. By first-principles density functional calculations, we reveal that the electronic and structural properties of LaO δ-doped SrTiO3 can be drastically altered by compressive biaxial inplane strains. We predict the existence of a critical inplane strain (ηc) above which many interesting phenomena occur, including (i) a profound symmetry breaking to the doping-induced electron states, (ii) a dramatic decline of the electron potential over a short distance of 2.5 Å near the doping layer, (iii) a new structure pattern of cation-anion displacements, and (iv) the emergence of unusual downward dispersions in the conduction bands with negative effective masses for electrons. The microscopic insight for these interesting phenomena is provided. Our study demonstrates that biaxial inplane strain can effectively modify the electronic properties in δ-doped SrTiO3 for the purpose of oxide electronics.
Controlling single and few-layer graphene crystals growth in a solid carbon source based chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Papon Remi , Kalita Golap , Sharma Subash , Shinde Sachin M. , Vishwakarma Riteshkumar , Tanemura Masaki
Published: October 2014

Here, we reveal the growth process of single and few-layer graphene crystals in the solid carbon source based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Nucleation and growth of graphene crystals on a polycrystalline Cu foil are significantly affected by the injection of carbon atoms with pyrolysis rate of the carbon source. We observe micron length ribbons like growth front as well as saturated growth edges of graphene crystals depending on growth conditions. Controlling the pyrolysis rate of carbon source, monolayer and few-layer crystals and corresponding continuous films are obtained. In a controlled process, we observed growth of large monolayer graphene crystals, which interconnect and merge together to form a continuous film. On the other hand, adlayer growth is observed with an increased pyrolysis rate, resulting few-layer graphene crystal structure and merged continuous film. The understanding of monolayer and few-layer crystals growth in the developed CVD process can be significant to grow graphene with controlled layer numbers.
New insights on P-related paramagnetic point defects in irradiated phosphate glasses: Impact of glass network type and irradiation dose
Authors: Pukhkaya V. , Trompier F. , Ollier N.
Published: October 2014

P-related paramagnetic point defects were studied in irradiated Yb-doped phosphate glasses by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (X and Q-bands). A strong impact of the glass network type on the defect nature is shown. In all glasses, r-POHC defects formation is in strong correlation with Q2 tetrahedra amount supporting the structure of r-POHC. Ultra-phosphate glasses contain the larger defect type: Peroxy radicals, P1, P2, and P4 defects whose formation is linked to Q3 tetrahedra presence. In meta-phosphate and poly-phosphate glasses, peroxy radicals appear with r-POHC thermal recovery. In meta-phosphate glasses, a combination of P1 and P3 defects was evidenced for the first time, whereas in poly-phosphate glasses, only P3 defects were identified. Dose effect as well as defect recovery were analyzed.
Symmetry and lattice mismatch induced strain accommodation near and away from correlated perovskite interfaces
Authors: Vailionis A. , Boschker H. , Liao Z. , Smit J. R. A. , Rijnders G. , Huijben M. , Koster G.
Published: October 2014

Distinct MnO6 octahedral distortions near and away from the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrTiO3(001) (LSMO/STO) interface are quantified using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and dynamical x-ray diffraction simulations. Three structural regions of stress accommodation throughout the film thickness were resolved: near the LSMO/STO interface, intermediate region farther from the interface, and the main layer away from the interface. The results show that within the first two unit cells stress is accommodated by the suppression of octahedral rotations in the film, leading to the expansion of the c-axis lattice parameter. Farther from the interface film structure acquires octahedral tilts similar to thicker perovskite films under tensile stress, leading to a reduced c-axis parameter. We demonstrate that these regions are related to two different strain coupling mechanisms: symmetry mismatch at the interface and lattice mismatch in the rest of the film. The findings suggest new routes for strain engineering in correlated perovskite heterostructures.
Possible contribution of low shear modulus C44 to the low Young's modulus of Ti-36Nb-5Zr alloy
Authors: Meng Qingkun , Guo Shun , Ren Xiaobing , Xu Huibin , Zhao Xinqing
Published: October 2014

Despite the importance of single-crystal elastic constants of β-phase titanium alloys in understanding their low Young's modulus—a property crucial for many applications, such data are often difficult to obtain when the alloy composition is close to the instability limit of the β phase, where the presence of α" martensite precludes the fabrication of β-phase single crystal. In the present study, we extracted the single-crystal elastic constants of such a β-phase titanium alloy with low Young's modulus, Ti-36Nb-5Zr (wt. %), from polycrystalline specimens by using an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique. It is indicated that the low Young's modulus of the alloy originates from the anomalously low shear modulus C44 as well as the low shear modulus C′, which is different from a common viewpoint that the Young's modulus of β-phase titanium alloys is dominantly controlled by the C′. This suggests that low C44 is an important contributor to low Young's modulus for instable β-phase titanium alloys.
Temperature and bias-voltage dependence of atomic-layer-deposited HfO2-based magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Fabretti Savio , Zierold Robert , Nielsch Kornelius , Voigt Carmen , Ronning Carsten , Peretzki Patrick , Seibt Michael , Thomas Andy
Published: October 2014

Magnetic tunnel junctions with HfO2 tunnel barriers were prepared through a combination of magnetron sputtering and atomic layer deposition. We investigated the tunneling transport behavior, including the tunnel magnetoresistance ratio and the current-voltage characteristics between room temperature and 2 K. Here, we achieved a tunneling magneto resistance ratio of 10.3% at room temperature and 19.3% at 2 K. Furthermore, we studied the bias-voltage and temperature dependencies and compared the results with those of commonly used alumina- and magnesia-based magnetic tunnel junctions. We observed a polycrystalline/amorphous electrode-barrier system via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Observation of the charged defect migration that causes the degradation of double-Schottky barriers using a nondestructive quantitative profiling technique
Authors: Cheng Chenlu , He Jinliang , Hu Jun
Published: October 2014

The migration and neutralization of charged defect ions during the degradation of a double-Schottky barrier are observed by performing nondestructive pulsed electroacoustic measurements on ZnO bicrystals. This offers the possibility to experimentally access the predicted defect migration behavior and provides a solid foundation to validate the theoretical aging model for electroceramics. Theoretical modeling of the acoustic attenuation effects during measurements is also discussed to understand and validate the experimental results, gaining insight into the widely used acoustic technique.
Integration of programmable microfluidics and on-chip fluorescence detection for biosensing applications
Authors: Parks J. W. , Olson M. A. , Kim J. , Ozcelik D. , Cai H. , Carrion R. , Patterson J. L. , Mathies R. A. , Hawkins A. R. , Schmidt H.
Published: October 2014

We describe the integration of an actively controlled programmable microfluidic sample processor with on-chip optical fluorescence detection to create a single, hybrid sensor system. An array of lifting gate microvalves (automaton) is fabricated with soft lithography, which is reconfigurably joined to a liquid-core, anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) silicon chip fabricated with conventional microfabrication. In the automaton, various sample handling steps such as mixing, transporting, splitting, isolating, and storing are achieved rapidly and precisely to detect viral nucleic acid targets, while the optofluidic chip provides single particle detection sensitivity using integrated optics. Specifically, an assay for detection of viral nucleic acid targets is implemented. Labeled target nucleic acids are first captured and isolated on magnetic microbeads in the automaton, followed by optical detection of single beads on the ARROW chip. The combination of automated microfluidic sample preparation and highly sensitive optical detection opens possibilities for portable instruments for point-of-use analysis of minute, low concentration biological samples.
Quality and sensory characteristics of Culatello dry-cured products obtained from the Italian autochthonous pig Suino Nero Lucano and from a modern crossbred pig
Authors: Perna Annamaria , Simonetti Amalia , Intaglietta Immacolata , Gambacorta Emilio
Published: October 2014

The effect of the Suino Nero Lucano (SNL) pig genotype and crossbred genotype (CG) on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability, and sensory characteristics of 30 Culatello samples (15 from SNL and 15 from CG pigs) was investigated. SNL pigs showed a slower growth and therefore were older and lighter at slaughter. Samples from SNL pigs showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher amounts of haem iron, intramuscular fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids than those from CG. The oxidative stability, evaluated by measuring the acid, peroxide and TBARS values, was significantly larger in SNL than in CG Culatello. Moreover, Culatello from SNL pigs showed the highest level of consumer preference in term of overall acceptability (P < 0.05), odour (P < 0.001), taste (P < 0.01), appearance (P < 0.05), and consistency (P < 0.01). The present study confirms that the SNL pig represents a useful resource both for the obtainment of products with high nutritional and sensory value and for promoting the economic development of areas where they are raised.
Tsc1 promotes the differentiation of memory CD8
+
T cells via orchestrating the transcriptional and metabolic programs
Authors: Shrestha Sharad , Yang Kai , Wei Jun , Karmaus Peer W. F. , Neale Geoffrey , Chi Hongbo
Published: October 2014

Significance

Enhancing the generation and function of memory T cells represents a crucial strategy to improve protective immunity against pathogens and tumors. The signaling pathway via mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been implicated in the regulation of the differentiation of effector and memory T cells, but the upstream regulators or downstream mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we provide insight into the mechanistic basis that controls mTOR signaling and memory T-cell responses. The deficiency of tuberous sclerosis 1 (Tsc1) in antigen-experienced T cells impairs the differentiation of memory T-cell precursors and the formation of memory T cells, associated with excessive mTOR activity and dysregulated cell metabolism. Our study establishes a molecular mechanism that links mTOR signaling and cell metabolism for memory T-cell development.
Modulation of age-related insulin sensitivity by VEGF-dependent vascular plasticity in adipose tissues
Authors: Honek Jennifer , Seki Takahiro , Iwamoto Hideki , Fischer Carina , Li Jingrong , Lim Sharon , Samani Nilesh J. , Zang Jingwu , Cao Yihai
Published: October 2014

Significance

The etiology and mechanisms underlying the age-related high incidence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes are not fully understood. In this paper, we show that blood vasculatures in the adipose tissues experience continuous changes during aging and VEGF is a key angiogenic factor controlling microvessel numbers and functions. Surprisingly, targeting VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 by specific blocking drugs produces different and sometimes opposing effects on white adipocytes, resulting in marked differences in insulin sensitivity in different age groups. These findings demonstrate that vascular changes in white adipose tissues are the key determinant for modulation of adipocyte metabolism and insulin sensitivity and provide valuable information for treatment of obesity and diabetes by targeting the vasculature.
Evidence from a correspondence corpus for diachronic change in French indefinites 1450–1715
Authors: Ingham Richard P. , Kallel Amel
Published: October 2014

In this study the changing distribution of French indefinite forms in different clause types is studied diachronically using a corpus of personal letters written between the Middle French and Classical French periods. The data is interpreted using Haspelmath’s 1997 semantic map of indefinites, and it is shown that the re-categorisation of quelque as an ordinary positive indefinite is associated with a major change in the use of the hitherto all-purpose indefinite aucun, leading ithe latter to become an n-item in Modern French. This analysis contributes to an account of the evolution of syntactic negation emphasising micro-parametric factors involving the properties of individual lexical items, rather than a macro-parametric change affecting the structural representation of negation.
The continuity of the vernacular
Authors: Larrivée Pierre
Published: October 2014

Labov’s idea that the vernacular is the most stable variety of a language raises questions especially where languages of wider communication are concerned. Whether the vernacular practices of a language’s geographical varieties are convergent synchronically and historically can be established by looking at particular variables. One such variable is investigated in this paper on the co-occurrence of a clausal negator with a n-word (e.g. I didn’t do nothing, i.e. anything). The quantitative study of negative doubling in Quebec and France historical and contemporary vernacular sources demonstrates overall stability for France from the 14th century to the present. That negative doubling is ten-fold more frequent in contemporary vernacular Quebec French than in contemporary vernacular France French may be dues to difficulty in accessing the vernacular in France French and in the presumed lesser impact of normative pressures in Quebec. Tracking one variable over six centuries provides evidence that stability characterises vernacular varieties.
A historical examination of the Corps of Engineers and natural valley storage protection: the economics and politics of ‘green’ flood control
Authors: Kousky Carolyn
Published: October 2014

Between 1972 and 1994, the US Army Corps of Engineers undertook five studies in New England evaluating the benefits and costs of protecting natural valley storage (NVS) areas—natural reservoirs—for flood mitigation. Only along the Charles River did benefits outweigh costs. Analysis of the studies finds that the costs of large-scale land acquisition will often exceed the sole benefits of avoided flood damages. To generate net benefits, there must be significant amounts of NVS lands still undeveloped, development pressure on those lands, and downstream areas that would sustain large damages. The NVS studies also raised questions of whether the Corps should be involved in land acquisition, and whether regulating land use could substitute for purchasing land. Note, these findings do not apply to other forms of natural flood-risk reduction, such as levee setbacks, green infrastructure for stormwater management, and multi-purpose projects, which have different economic and institutional contexts.
Nonlinear equations for fractional Laplacians II: Existence, uniqueness, and qualitative properties of solutions
Authors: Cabré Xavier , Sire Yannick
Published: October 2014

This paper, which is the follow-up to part I, concerns the equation

(
−
Δ

)

s

v
+

G
′

(
v
)
=
0

(-\Delta )^{s} v+G’(v)=0

in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

, with

s
∈
(
0
,
1
)

s\in (0,1)

, where

(
−
Δ

)

s

(-\Delta )^{s}

stands for the fractional Laplacian—the infinitesimal generator of a Lévy process.

When

n
=
1

n=1

, we prove that there exists a layer solution of the equation (i.e., an increasing solution with limits

±
1

\pm 1

at

±
∞

\pm \infty

) if and only if the potential

G
G

has only two absolute minima in

[
−
1
,
1
]

[-1,1]

, located at

±
1

\pm 1

and satisfying

G
′

(
−
1
)
=

G
′

(
1
)
=
0

G’(-1)=G’(1)=0

. Under the additional hypotheses

G
(
−
1
)
>
0

G(-1)>0

and

G
(
1
)
>
0

G(1)>0

, we also establish its uniqueness and asymptotic behavior at infinity. Furthermore, we provide with a concrete, almost explicit, example of layer solution.

For

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

, we prove some results related to the one-dimensional symmetry of certain solutions—in the spirit of a well-known conjecture of De Giorgi for the standard Laplacian.