bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the angular gyrus in an older adult population: a multimodal multilevel approach
Authors: Jockwitz Christiane , Krämer Camilla , Stumme Johanna , Dellani Paulo , Moebus Susanne , Bittner Nora , Caspers Svenja
Published: July 2022

The angular gyrus (AG) has been associated with multiple cognitive functions, such as language, spatial and memory functions. Since the AG is thought to be a cross-modal hub region suffering from significant age-related structural atrophy, it may also play a key role in age-related cognitive decline. However, the exact relation between structural atrophy of the AG and cognitive decline in older adults is not fully understood, which may be related to two aspects: First, the AG is cytoarchitectonically divided into two areas, PGa and PGp, potentially sub-serving different cognitive functions. Second, the older adult population is characterized by high between-subjects variability which requires targeting individual phenomena during the aging process. We therefore performed a multimodal (gray matter volume [GMV], resting-state functional connectivity [RSFC] and structural connectivity [SC]) characterization of AG subdivisions PGa and PGp in a large older adult population, together with relations to age, cognition and lifestyle on the group level. Afterwards, we switched the perspective to the individual, which is especially important when it comes to the assessment of individual patients. The AG can be considered a heterogeneous structure in of the older brain: we found the different AG parts to be associated with different patterns of whole-brain GMV associations as well as their associations with RSFC, and SC patterns. Similarly, differential effects of age, cognition and lifestyle on the GMV of AG subdivisions were observed. This suggests each region to be structurally and functionally differentially involved in the older adult’s brain network architecture, which was supported by differential molecular and genetic patterns, derived from the EBRAINS multilevel atlas framework. Importantly, individual profiles deviated considerably from the global conclusion drawn from the group study. Hence, general observations within the older adult population need to be carefully considered, when addressing individual conditions in clinical practice.
Implementierung eines mehrkörperdynamischen Systems an der Prallschwinge eines Prallbrechers zu dessen Berücksichtigung in der DEM-Simulation
Authors: Fimbinger Eric , Kemper Dietmar
Published: July 2022

Prallbrecher beinhalten Bauteile, die zum einen aufgrund ihrer Masseneffekte, aber zum anderen auch aufgrund ihrer Interaktion mit Schüttgutpartikeln und den daraus resultierenden Kräften mit bestimmten Reaktionsbewegungen reagieren. Um also Prallbrecher in Diskrete Elemente Methode (DEM)-Simulationen erfolgreich abbilden zu können, ist eine entsprechende Berücksichtigung solch dynamisch-interaktiver Bauteile jedenfalls erforderlich. Diese Berücksichtigung bedeutet eine Erweiterung der konventionellen partikelfokussierten DEM in Richtung Mehrkörpersimulation (MKS).

Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Modellierung eines Prallbrechers als DEM-MKS-Simulationsmodell, wobei auf spezielle Detailaspekte der Modellbildung eingegangen wird, wie z. B. auf die Erstellung eines reduzierten Simulationsmodells. Als dynamisch-interaktiv bewegte Bauteile werden dabei die beiden Prallschwingen, wie auch ein Feder-Gelenk-System an der hinteren Prallschwinge aufgebaut.

Einblicke in durchgeführte Simulationen dieses Modells bzw. derer Analysen veranschaulichen abschließend die auftretenden Effekte am implementierten mehrkörperdynamischen System.
On the potential contribution of BeiDou-3 to the realization of the terrestrial reference frame scale
Authors: Zajdel Radosław , Steigenberger Peter , Montenbruck Oliver
Published: July 2022

Since the release of the phase center calibrations for both the receivers and the satellites, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) became a new potential contributor to the realization of the terrestrial reference frame (TRF) scale of future International Terrestrial Reference Frame releases. This study focuses on the evaluation of the potential usage of the BDS-3 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) constellation to the definition of the TRF scale. To that aim, we used ground calibrated BDS-3 satellite PCOs provided by the China Satellite Navigation Office and multi-GNSS robot calibrations for the ground antennas conducted by Geo++. Two ionosphere-free linear combinations of signals, namely B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a, have been investigated to find out whether using different frequencies may lead to different TRF scale definitions. Differences between the z components of the satellite phase offsets as given by manufacturer calibrations and those estimated based on IGS14 scale amount to 6.55 ± 12.56 cm and − 0.32 ± 10.99 cm for B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a frequency pairs, respectively. On the one hand, the substantial deviation from the mean reflects the disparities in the quality of calibrations for the individual spacecraft, especially those manufactured by the Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites (SECM). On the other hand, the difference between the two frequency pairs arises to a great extent from the doubtful quality of the SECM PCO calibrations, which certainly do not reflect the frequency dependence of the PCOs. Eventually, the mean scale bias with respect to IGS14 equals + 0.546 ± 0.085 ppb and + 0.026 ± 0.085 ppb for B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a solutions, respectively, when using all 24 BDS-3 MEO satellites.
Adolescents’ Psychoactive Substance Use During the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Sectional Study in Italy
Authors: Biagioni Silvia , Baldini Federica , Baroni Marina , Cerrai Sonia , Melis Francesca , Potente Roberta , Scalese Marco , Molinaro Sabrina
Published: July 2022

Background

Italy was one of the first European countries to be affected by Covid-19. Due to the severity of the pandemic, the Italian government imposed a nationwide lockdown which had a great impact on the population, especially adolescents. Distance-learning, moving restrictions and pandemic-related concerns, resulted in a particularly stressful situation.

Objective

This cross-sectional study aims to analyse substance consumption and its associated factors during the Covid-19 lockdown imposed by the Italian government.

Methods

ESPAD is a questionnaire that is administered yearly in Italian high schools. In 2020, it was administered online during dedicated hours of distance learning, collecting data from 6027 Italian students (52.4% were male) aged 15–19. Data collected from the 2020 questionnaire was matched with that collected in 2019, in order to make them comparable.

Results

The prevalence of consumption of each substance decreased during the restriction period, and the most used substance during the lockdown period was alcohol (43.1%). There were some changes in factors associated with psychoactive substance use, especially painkillers and non-prescription drugs. For instance, unlike what was observed in the 2019 model, in 2020 spending money without parental control was associated with painkillers and non-prescription drug use while risk perception was not.

Conclusions

The restrictions and the increased difficulties in obtaining psychoactive substances did not prevent their consumption, and students with particular risk factors continued to use them, possibly changing the substance type of substance. This information is useful in order to better understand adolescents’ substance use during the ongoing pandemic.
Do mathematicians and undergraduates agree about explanation quality?
Authors: Evans Tanya , Mejía-Ramos Juan Pablo , Inglis Matthew
Published: July 2022

Offering explanations is a central part of teaching mathematics, and understanding those explanations is a vital activity for learners. Given this, it is natural to ask what makes a good mathematical explanation. This question has received surprisingly little attention in the mathematics education literature, perhaps because the field has no agreed method by which explanation quality can be reliably assessed. In this paper, we explore this issue by asking whether mathematicians and undergraduates agree with each other about explanation quality. A corpus of 10 explanations produced by 10 mathematicians was used. Using a comparative judgement method, we analysed 320 paired comparisons from 16 mathematicians and 320 from 32 undergraduate students. We found that both mathematicians and undergraduates were able to reliably assess the quality of a set of mathematical explanations. Furthermore, the assessments were largely consistent across the two groups. Implications for theories of mathematical explanation are discussed. We conclude by arguing that comparative judgement is a promising technique for exploring explanation quality.
Analysis of Fire Throttling in Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels With a One-dimensional Model
Authors: Ang Chin Ding , Peiró Joaquim , Riess Ingo , Rein Guillermo
Published: July 2022

Fire throttling is the increase in flow resistance due to a large fire in a longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Although the fire throttling effect has been been known and studied for tunnels over the last 40 years, there is not yet a consistent one-dimensional (1D) model that can describe this behaviour or a framework suitable for practical application. We propose a semi-empirical model, based upon pipe flow engineering principles, to describe this effect by separating the resistance to flow, or pressure loses in three parts: upstream of the fire, locally at the fire, and downstream of the fire. The proposed 1D model called TE1D is derived from a simple steady one-dimensional momentum balance in which a semi-empirical mean temperature distribution is assumed across the tunnel. We verify the model by comparing the pressures losses it predicts with those calculated in CFD simulations based on OpenFOAM and Fire Dynamics Simulator. The comparison shows good agreement between the CFD codes for the range of fires sizes considered from 5 to 50 MW and good agreement between TE1D and the CFD results with the proposed 1D model for fire sizes below 30 MW. However, for values above there are large discrepancies between the results obtained by the TE1D and CFD. We posit as a potential explanation that these differences are due to flow and temperature stratification which is not accounted for in the 1D model. The model using pipe flow principles allows engineers to adopt this model for design, together with other pressure losses considered in tunnel ventilation.
Nature-based tourism as therapeutic landscape in a COVID era: autoethnographic learnings from a visitor’s experience in Iceland
Authors: Williams Allison , Ólafsdóttir Rannveig
Published: July 2022

One of the few silver linings in the COVID pandemic has been a new appreciation for, interest in, and engagement with nature. As countries open, and travel becomes accessible again, there is an opportunity to reimagine sustainable nature-based tourism from a therapeutic landscape lens. Framed within the therapeutic landscape concept, this paper provides an autoethnographic account of a visitor’s experience of three different natural landscapes in Iceland shortly after the country’s fourth wave of the pandemic. It adds to the understanding of the healing effects of the multi-colored natural landscapes of Iceland. The natural landscapes of interest herein include: the southern part of the Westfjörd peninsula, Jökulsárlón glacial lagoon, and the Central Highlands. In totality, the natural, built and symbolic environments worked in synchronicity to produce three thematic results: restoration, awe and concern, all which provided reduced stress, renewed attention, as well as enhanced physical and psycho-social benefits for the autoethnographic visiting researcher. Implications of these restorative outcomes for sustainable nature-based tourism in a post-COVID era are discussed. This paper highlights how health and tourism geographers can work collaboratively to recognize, protect, and sustain the therapeutic elements of natural landscapes, recognized as a cultural ecosystem service. In so doing, such collaborations can positively influence sustainable nature-based tourism development and consumption through proper and appropriate planning and development of such tourism destinations.
Angle Kappa agreement between Scheimpflug tomography, combined placido Scheimpflug and combined slit scanning placido systems
Authors: Awad-Allah Mo’mena Ahmad A. , Gharieb Hesham Mohamed , Zaki Rania Gamal Eldin , Othman Ihab Saad
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To compare the measured or calculated angle Kappa using Oculus pentacam HR, Sirius and Orbscan III devices.

Patients and methods

A prospective randomized cohort study, conducted on 47 eyes of 47 healthy orthotropic individuals, with an age range of 18–50 years and a corrected Snellen’s distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.8 decimal or better. Angle Kappa is assessed directly using Orbscan® III software version 1.8.165.1. (Bausch and Lomb Rochester, New York, United States), while Pentacam® HR 1.21r.65 (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and Sirius device (CSO, version 3.2.1.60, Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy) were used to calculate angle kappa indirectly.

Results

Least mean difference of estimated angle Kappa was between Orbscan and Pentacam devices (− 0.18° ± 1.8), and it was statistically insignificant (p value = 0.1294). Differences between both Orbscan and Sirius, and Pentacam and Sirius were statistically significant (p value = 0.0004 and < 0.0001 consecutively). Bland Altman analysis showed a 95% confidence interval between Orbscan III and Pentacam of − 3.76 to 3.4 and between Orbscan III and Sirius of − 3.79 to 2.26.

Conclusion

Pentacam parameters can be used as a reliable method to calculate angle kappa indirectly, without usage of any additional measurements from other machine. Sirius device parameters could also be used, but with less accurate results. A simple modification to those devices’ software to calculate it, and incorporate it in the printout is possible, and highly recommended.
For the love of insects: gardening grows positive emotions (biophilia) towards invertebrates
Authors: Vanderstock Amelie , Grandi-Nagashiro Cecilia , Kudo Gaku , Latty Tanya , Nakamura Shoko , White Thomas E. , Soga Masashi
Published: July 2022

As growing urban populations have fewer chances to experience nature, i.e., ‘the extinction of experience’, the subsequent loss of emotional affinities for biodiversity (biophilia) pose major challenges to environmental conservation. Gardening, as an everyday nature interaction and window into invertebrate ecological functioning may offer opportunities to develop biophilia. However, the associations between gardening and biophilia/biophobia towards invertebrates remains untested. We conducted an online survey (n = 443) with adults in Japan about their nature and gardening experiences, demographics, and species identification knowledge in relation to their biophilia (like) and biophobia (dislike, fear, and disgust) towards invertebrates. We also asked participants about their perceptions of invertebrates as ‘beneficials’ or ‘pests’. From responses, we ranked invertebrates according to the attitudes held towards them. We found that frequent gardeners were more likely to express biophilia and perceive invertebrates as beneficial, and generally less likely to express biophobia towards invertebrates. Frequency of visits to recreational parks, but not national/state parks was associated with increased biophilia and reduced dislike and fear of invertebrates. Our results suggest that gardening, in addition to localised nature experiences, acts as a possible pathway towards appreciation of invertebrate biodiversity. We recommend that policymakers and conservation organisations view urban gardening as a potential tool to minimise the negative impacts of the extinction of experience.

Implications for insect conservation

As people are more likely to conserve what they love, finding ways to nurture positive attitudes towards insects is critical for the public support needed for successful insect conservation. Considering gardening is a relatively accessible form of nature connection even in cities, our findings of the association between gardening and biophilia towards invertebrates holds promise for potential pathways towards fostering support for insect conservation now and into the future.
Evaluation of the Temple Touch Pro™ noninvasive core-temperature monitoring system in 100 adults under general anesthesia: a prospective comparison with esophageal temperature
Authors: Bräuer Anselm , Fazliu Albulena , Brandes Ivo F. , Vollnhals Falk , Grote Rolf , Menzel Matthias
Published: July 2022

Perioperative hypothermia is still common and has relevant complication for the patient. An effective perioperative thermal management requires essentially an accurate method to measure core temperature. So far, only one study has investigated the new Temple Touch Pro™ (Medisim Ltd., Beit-Shemesh, Israel). during anesthesia Therefore, we assessed the agreement between the Temple Touch Pro™ thermometer (TTP) and distal esophageal temperature (TEso) in a second study. After approval by the local ethics committee we studied 100 adult patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia. Before induction of anesthesia the TTP sensor unit was attached to the skin above the temporal artery. After induction of anesthesia an esophageal temperature probe was placed in the distal esophagus. Recordings started 10 min after placement of the esophageal temperature probe to allow adequate warming of the probes. Pairs of temperature values were documented in five-minute intervals until emergence of anesthesia. Accuracy of the two methods was assessed by Bland-Altman comparisons of differences with multiple measurements. Core temperatures obtained with the TTP in adults showed a mean bias of -0.04 °C with 95% limits of agreement within − 0.99 °C to + 0.91 °C compared to an esophageal temperature probe. We consider the TTP as a reasonable tool for perioperative temperature monitoring. It is not accurate enough to be used as a reference method in scientific studies, but may be a useful tool especially for conscious patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia or regional anesthesia with sedation.

Trial registration This study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: 00024050), day of registration 12/01/2021.
Identification of the Major Sex Pheromone Component of the Click Beetle Agriotes ferrugineipennis
Authors: Singleton Kendal , Gries Regine , van Herk Willem G. , Alamsetti Santosh K. , Lemke Emily , Furtado Kathleen , Gries Gerhard
Published: July 2022

Synthetic sex pheromone lures are useful tools to monitor and control populations of adult click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae). However, sex pheromones for Agriotes click beetle species native to North America have yet to be identified. Here we report the identification and field testing of the sex pheromone of Agriotes ferrugineipennis. Headspace volatiles from female beetles were collected on Porapak Q, and aliquots of Porapak extract were analyzed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. 7-Methyloctyl 7-methyloctanoate (7Me7Me) emitted by females was more abundant and elicited much stronger responses from male antennae than the aldehydes octanal and nonanal and the ketone 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone. In a field experiment, captures of A. ferrugineipennis males in traps baited with candidate pheromone components exceeded those of unbaited control traps, on average by nearly 1,200 times. Neither the ketone nor the aldehydes as lure constituents appeared to alter captures of males in 7Me7Me-baited traps. We conclude that 7Me7Me is the major, and possibly the only, sex attractant pheromone component of female A. ferrugineipennis.
Comparative Evaluation of Water Resource Data Policy Inventories Towards the Improvement of East African Climate and Water Data Infrastructure
Authors: Garibay Victoria M. , Gitau Margaret W. , Kongo Victor , Kisekka James , Moriasi Daniel
Published: July 2022

The recognized challenge of freely accessing climate and water data in East Africa poses a problem in undertaking relevant analytical studies and making informed water resources management decisions in the region. This study seeks to understand the defining characteristics of policies and distribution infrastructure, in the context of meteorological, water quantity, and water quality data, that determine whether or not a user will be able to freely and readily access existing data. An analysis was developed to quantify the information contained in legislation, official documents and websites, and similar textual resources from the study region and elsewhere to establish commonalities, potential trends, and patterns in the documentation behind data streams culminating successfully in a portal or database accessible by the public. A quantitative analysis was applied to discern overall patterns in what constitutes effective policy and to diagnose where there may be impediments in the path between data collection and its application. Generally, the foundational elements present in the documentation pertaining to most accessible data streams represented are: (1) known organization in charge of that data type; (2) known location where this data would be stored; (3) defined data collection format; and (4) commitment to a plan for making data available to potential users. Examination of overlap between elements absent in unsuccessful data streams and present in successful data streams suggests that those without a documented commitment to making data available online rarely result in a functioning, accessible portal and vice versa. Amongst other findings, this knowledge has the potential to contribute towards the development and refinement of policies so that more emphasis is placed on openness and access, leading to informed decision-making and management of water resources.
How to measure the status quo bias? A review of current literature
Authors: Godefroid Marie-E. , Plattfaut Ralf , Niehaves Björn
Published: August 2022

The Status Quo Bias (SQB) describes an individual's preference to avoid changes and maintain the current situation. In today’s world, technological advances require nearly constant change within organizations. Thus, SQB can become an issue when it hinders progress. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how this effect can be reliably measured and, even more importantly, what countermeasures to employ. Prior research has focused more on individual measuring approaches and less on countermeasures. As researchers across different research fields have studied this bias, we conduct a literature review spanning different scholarly fields. This broader research focus allows us to identify four measurement approaches and 13 countermeasures along the three aspects of cognitive misperception, rational decision making, and psychological commitment of SQB. Our overview consolidates existing knowledge and will hopefully be the starting point for researchers to start combating this bias where needed. Successful and proven countermeasures can, for example, increase the acceptance and adoption of digital innovations and technology in general and thereby allow organizations to capitalize on their investments.
Thermodynamics of Gallium (Ga) at Black Copper Smelting Conditions Relevant to E-Waste Processing
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Rhamdhani M. Akbar , Brooks Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2022

Electronic waste (E-waste) is considered as a hazardous material, however, it also contains valuable elements, including gallium (Ga). E-waste can be processed through the black copper smelting to recover these valuable elements. However, the detailed thermodynamics behavior of many of the valuable elements during black copper smelting has not been studied comprehensively. This study aims to investigate the thermodynamics of Ga in copper and slag at black copper smelting conditions. High-temperature equilibrium experiments were carried out to measure the distribution ratio of Ga in Fe2O3–CaO–SiO2 slag and copper at temperature range of 1300 °C to 1450 °C (1573 K to 1723 K) and partial pressure of oxygen (p
O2) of 10–6 to 10–11 atm. The effect of FeT/SiO2 ratio and basicity (measured as CaO/SiO2) of the slag on the distribution ratio of Ga were also investigated. The partitioning of Ga into the copper phase was found to increase with decreasing oxygen partial pressure, and with increasing temperature, FeT/SiO2 ratio and basicity. The study revealed that a basic slag at higher temperature and at a reducing atmosphere was favorable to increase Ga partitioning to the copper.
Solving flexible job shop scheduling problems in manufacturing with Quantum Annealing
Authors: Schworm Philipp , Wu Xiangqian , Glatt Moritz , Aurich Jan C.
Published: July 2022

Quantum Annealing (QA) is a metaheuristic for solving optimization problems in a time-efficient manner. Therefore, quantum mechanical effects are used to compute and evaluate many possible solutions of an optimization problem simultaneously. Recent studies have shown the potential of QA for solving such complex assignment problems within milliseconds. This also applies for the field of job shop scheduling, where the existing approaches however focus on small problem sizes. To assess the full potential of QA in this area for industry-scale problem formulations, it is necessary to consider larger problem instances and to evaluate the potentials of computing these job shop scheduling problems while finding a near-optimal solution in a time-efficient manner. Consequently, this paper presents a QA-based job shop scheduling. In particular, flexible job shop scheduling problems in various sizes are computed with QA, demonstrating the efficiency of the approach regarding scalability, solutions quality, and computing time. For the evaluation of the proposed approach, the solutions are compared in a scientific benchmark with state-of-the-art algorithms for solving flexible job shop scheduling problems. The results indicate that QA has the potential for solving flexible job shop scheduling problems in a time efficient manner. Even large problem instances can be computed within seconds, which offers the possibility for application in industry.
Hydrodynamic Performance Analysis of a Submersible Surface Ship and Resistance Forecasting Based on BP Neural Networks
Authors: Wan Yuejin , Hou Yuanhang , Gong Chao , Zhang Yuqi , Zhang Yonglong , Xiong Yeping
Published: July 2022

This paper investigated the resistance performance of a submersible surface ship (SSS) in different working cases and scales to analyze the hydrodynamic performance characteristics of an SSS at different speeds and diving depths for engineering applications. First, a hydrostatic resistance performance test of the SSS was carried out in a towing tank. Second, the scale effect of the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient and wave-making resistance was analyzed. The differences between the three-dimensional real-scale ship resistance prediction and numerical methods were explained. Finally, the advantages of genetic algorithm (GA) and neural network were combined to predict the resistance of SSS. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) and GA-BPNN were utilized to predict the SSS resistance. We also studied neural network parameter optimization, including connection weights and thresholds, using K-fold cross-validation. The results showed that when a SSS sails at low and medium speeds, the influence of various underwater cases on resistance is not obvious, while at high speeds, the resistance of water surface cases increases sharply with an increase in speed. After improving the weights and thresholds through K-fold cross-validation and GA, the prediction results of BPNN have high consistency with the actual values. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of the resistance of SSS in practical applications.
Extrem rechte Einflussnahmen auf die Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Krüger Christine , Jagusch Birgit , Gille Christoph , Wéber Júlia
Published: August 2022

In den Handlungsfeldern der Sozialen Arbeit in Deutschland lassen sich vielerorts Beispiele dafür finden, wie extrem rechte Akteure versuchen, Einfluss auf die Soziale Arbeit zu nehmen. Dass es sich dabei um gezielte und strategisch angelegte Einflussnahmen handelt, belegen zwei empirische Studien, die zwischen 2019 und 2021 in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern durchgeführt wurden. Sie legen systematische Erkenntnisse zu den extrem rechten Einflussnahmen in der Sozialen Arbeit vor. Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in Forschungskontexte und Design der vorliegenden zwei Studien. Anschließend werden ausgewählte Befunde aus beiden Bundesländern vorgestellt; sie geben Aufschluss über die Formen extrem rechter Einflussnahmen in der Sozialen Arbeit und über die Bedingungen, die diese Einflussnahmen begünstigen.
Relations of the german almost perfect scale-revised and short almost perfect scale with the big five personality facets
Authors: Stricker Johannes , Simonsmeier Bianca A. , Buecker Susanne , Simacek Thomas , Wang Kenneth
Published: July 2022

The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R) and its short form (SAPS) are among the most-established multidimensional perfectionism measures. Yet, investigations into the APS-R/SAPS nomological networks have mainly been limited to the level of broader personality traits. This reliance on trait-level associations hampers the conceptual understanding of perfectionism traits by masking more complex relations with specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral tendencies (personality facets). In this study, we validated German versions of the APS-R and SAPS and assessed their relations with the Big Five personality facets in two samples (NSample 1 = 305 university students; NSample 2 = 467 community adults). Both scales displayed satisfactory psychometric properties, convergent and criterion-related validity. Analyses on the level of the Big Five personality facets revealed complex and nuanced patterns of relations. These findings provide new insights into the APS-R and SAPS nomological networks and facilitate the conceptual distinction between the APS-R subscales.
Examining the effects of English as a foreign language student-writers’ metacognitive experiences on their writing performance
Authors: Sun Qiyu , Zhang Lawrence Jun
Published: July 2022

Learners’ metacognitive competencies play a vital role in affecting their learning outcomes, especially for language learners who need to write in English as a foreign language (EFL). Much research has widely explored writers’ metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategies in EFL learning contexts, yet the role of metacognitive experiences in writing is underexplored. To fill this gap, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of EFL student-writers’ metacognitive experiences on their writing performance with reference to complexity, accuracy, and fluency. A total of 435 EFL student-writers at a university were invited to complete two writing tasks and the EFL Learners’ Writing Metacognitive Experiences Questionnaire (EFLLWMEQ). Findings of structural equation modelling showed that metacognitive estimates of EFL writing had a significant positive effect on lexical complexity and fluency but a negative effect on writing accuracy. Metacognitive feelings of EFL writing were positively related to syntactic complexity, and online metacognitive strategies of EFL writing also positively contributed to writing accuracy. The findings shed light on the theoretical and pedagogical implications for the role of metacognition in learning to write in EFL.
Rhipidoglossum pareense (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae), a new species from Tanzania
Authors: Cribb P. J. , Hemp A.
Published: July 2022

Rhipidoglossum pareense, a new species, is described from the Pare mountains of NE Tanzania and compared with R. leedalii (P.J.Cribb) Farminhão & Stévart. Its habitat requirements and conservation status are assessed.
Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Authors: Kryukov Alexey P. , Goroshko Oleg A. , Arkhipov Vladimir Y. , Red’kin Yaroslav A. , Lee Sang-im , Dorda Beatriz A. , Kryukov Kirill A. , Kapun Martin , Haring Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Zones of secondary contact provide a good opportunity to investigate the origin and dynamics of reproductive isolation between related populations. We analyzed genetic and phenotypic patterns and gene flow between two subspecies of the Eurasian magpiePica picas.l. which recently came into contact after presumably long periods of isolation. We describe the distribution of subspecies in a young contact zone at Argun’ river basin in southern Siberia where populations occur in parapatry and an older hybrid population in eastern Mongolia. Based on genome-wide SNP data, we analyzed patterns and strength of gene flow between the subspecies. Our results indicate occasional hybridization with backcrossing and asymmetric introgression along a wide range in Transbaikalia and locally in eastern Mongolia. Males ofP. p. jankowskiiapparently exhibit higher dispersal ability towards the west compared toP. p. leucoptera(towards the east). The former occasionally migrates to eastern Mongolia and Transbaikalia where introgression of nuclear, but not mitochondrial DNA was evident. Bioacoustic investigations showed differences between the subspecies in speed and structure of vocalization. We discovered intermediate calls of hybrid magpies and bilingual birds alternating calls that are typical for the two taxa. Furthermore, we found dramatically decreased reproductive success in hybridogeneous populations. By complementing our results with established phylogeographic patterns ofP. picas.l. based on a mitochondrial marker sequence, and considering indications of sterility of hybrids in the contact zone, we propose to elevate the two corresponding subspecies to species level:P. picafor the western form andP. sericafor the eastern form.
Using brassinolide and girdling combined application as an alternative to ethephon for improving color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless' grapevines
Authors: Belal B. E. A. , El Kenawy M. A. , Omar Asmaa S. M.
Published: July 2022

The color of 'Crimson Seedless' berries is a major constraint in expanding marketing and export potential. The target of this investigation is to enhance the color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless' by using brassinolide (BL) and girdling treatments, individually and in combination, as an alternative to ethephon over two consecutive seasons. The obtained results revealed that the combined treatment BL at 2.0 mg/L and girdling recorded the highest significant yield values (17.78 ± 0.29 and 18.26 ± 0.23 kg/vine) in both seasons, respectively, in contrast to ethephon and girdling treatments which had no significant influence. Besides, BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling presented high levels of physicochemical characteristics of clusters and berries compared to the control. Concerning berry color assessment, ethepon followed by BL at 2.0 mg/L + girdling recorded the highest significant improvement in the red color, as indicated by Color Index of Red Grapes and visual assessment, and had similar and elevated levels of anthocyanin content. On the other hand, flavonoids (3.46 ± 0.03 and 3.66 ± 0.02 mg/100 g FW), and antioxidant capacity (2.37 ± 0.02 and 2.43 ± 0.06 IC50) were obviously increased with BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling, with a slight decrease than ethephon application. As for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, the data show that it increased by ethephon (7.91 ± 0.02 and 8.01 ± 0.02 U mg−1protein) and BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling (7.77 ± 0.04 and 7.79 ± 0.07 U mg−1protein), compared to the control (3.69 ± 0.02 and 3.80 ± 0.01 U mg−1protein) in both seasons, respectively. In terms of polyphenol oxidase activity, the increase in PPO was closely associated with PAL. Moreover, BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling was the most effective treatment for increasing dormant season parameters in both seasons, while ethephon spraying had no influence. All these confirmed that the combined treatment BL 2.0 mg/L + girdling exhibited a synergistic effect in improving the color and quality of 'Crimson Seedless'.
The Paradoxical Impacts of the Minimum Wage Implementation on Ready-made Garment (RMG) Workers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kabir Humayun , Maple Myfanwy , Islam Md. Shahidul , Usher Kim
Published: August 2022

There is no regular mandated increase in minimum wages for workers employed in the Bangladesh ready-made garment (RMG) industry. Workers in the past have relied on optional bonuses added to their monthly incomes to supplement their wages. However, a new minimum wage implemented in January 2019 in the Bangladesh RMG sector increased wages for many workers who are known to work under poor and exploitative working conditions. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen currently employed RMG workers (female: 13, male: 2), which led to data saturation. The participants were purposively recruited from both export processing zone (EPZ) and non-EPZ factories located in Dhaka and Chattogram, the two largest cities of Bangladesh where the majority of RMG factories are situated. Transcribed interviews were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that working hours, production targets, work pressure, and workplace abuse have an impact on workers’ health and well-being. In line with the Marxist notion of the “accumulation of capital”, we argue that due to the profit maximization mindset of RMG owners and international brands, workers have not received the potential benefit of the newly implemented minimum wage as their conditions have been changed in other ways to offset the increase in salary. The article contributes to understanding how factory owners’ profit maximization mindset dispossessed workers from receiving the real benefits of the newly implemented minimum wage and forced them to continue working within exploitative working environments. The study shows that the impact of minimum wages on poverty reduction is unlikely and outline the need for RMG labour market reform.
Effect of Fusarium infection on wheat quality parameters
Authors: El Chami J. , El Chami E. , Tarnawa Á. , Kassai K. M. , Kende Z. , Jolánkai M.
Published: July 2022

Wheat is one of the most important cereal grains; it provides carbohydrate staple foods that form the basis of most diets around the world. Wheat production is endangered by Fusariumspecies which cause Fusarium head blight. Fusarium head blight is one of the most devastating diseases of small grain cereals. This disease not only causes grain yield losses, but also decreases wheat quality and causes the presence of harmful mycotoxins. The experiment was conducted during two growing seasons 2020 and 2021 at the experimental field and laboratories of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE). The aim of our study is to test the effect of Fusarium infection on wheat quality parameters. The wheat variety used in the experiment is Mv Kolompos. The results indicate that Fusarium infection in 2021 (94%) is higher than in 2020 (48.4%). The increase in Fusarium infection reduces wheat quality. Hence, it negatively affects protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight, falling number, gluten content and Zeleny sedimentation index. The higher the Fusarium infection the lower the value of wheat quality parameters.
The AMMI model application to analyze the genotype–environmental interaction of spring wheat grain yield for the breeding program purposes
Authors: Jędzura Sylwia , Bocianowski Jan , Matysik Przemysław
Published: July 2022

Changing climatic conditions and the emphasis on the cultivation of genetically stable and resilient varieties as well as efficiently managing water and mineral resources require the commencement of appropriate research already at the stage of plant breeding. For this purpose, breeders must have the necessary tools not only in the form of an experimental network, but also statistical tools that enable the correct interpretation of the obtained results. In the presented research, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, supplemented with cluster analysis, was used to assess the stability and yielding level of 26 spring wheat genotypes, in six locations. The main reason for the yield variability in studied genotypes was environmental factor (89%). In spite of differential conditions in the experimental network locations, the studied environments, which had a similar effect on the genotypes, in the growing season of 2021, were grouped. The AMMI stability value (ASV), yield stability index (YSI) and genotype selection index (GSI) coefficients were used to evaluate the studied genotypes. Based on the analyses, the following genotypes were selected for further breeding work: STH 21-03, STH 21-09 and KOH 18279, as stable and widely adapted.
A Local Discrete Text Data Mining Method in High-Dimensional Data Space
Authors: Li Juan , Chen Aiping
Published: July 2022

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy, the long time required, and the large memory consumption of traditional data mining methods, a local discrete text data mining method in high-dimensional data space is proposed. First of all, through the data preparation and preprocessing step, we obtain the minimum data divergence and maximize the data dimension to meet the demand for data in high-dimensional space; second, we use the information gain method to mine the pre-processed discrete text data to establish an objective function to obtain the highest information gain; finally, the objective functions established in data preparation, preprocessing, and mining are combined to form a multi-objective optimization problem to realize local discrete text data mining. The simulation experiment results show that our method effectively reduces the time and improves the accuracy of data mining, where it also consumes less memory, indicating that the multi-objective optimization method can effectively solve multiple problems and effectively improve the data mining effect.
A new matrix-infinite-product-form solution for upper block-Hessenberg Markov chains and its quasi-algorithmic constructibility
Authors: Masuyama Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a new matrix-infinite-product-form (MIP-form) solution for the stationary distribution in upper block-Hessenberg Markov chains (UBH-MCs). The existing MIP-form solution (Masuyama, Queueing Systems92, 2019, pp. 173–200) requires a certain parameter set that satisfies both a Foster–Lyapunov drift condition and a convergence condition. In contrast, the new MIP-form solution requires no such parameter sets and no other conditions. The new MIP-form solution also has ‘quasi-algorithmic constructibility’, which is a newly introduced feature of being constructed by iterating infinitely many times a recursive procedure of finite complexity per iteration. This feature is not found in the other existing solutions for the stationary distribution in general UBH-MCs.
The R2P and atrocity prevention: Contesting human rights as a threat to international peace and security
Authors: Jarvis Samuel
Published: July 2022

The significant link between human rights violations and the eventual outbreak of atrocity crimes has been widely promoted across the UN system. However, the question of how the connection between the R2P norm and human rights plays out in the actual practices and debates of the UN Security Council has been relatively under explored. In response, the article builds on constructivist research into norm robustness in order to trace how the R2P's shift to an atrocity prevention focus has generated increased applicatory contestation over the push to expand the link between human rights and threats to international peace and security. Based on extensive analysis of UN Security Council meeting records and three case studies, the article highlights two competing ideological frames that currently divide the Security Council's approach to atrocity prevention. This division has emphasised a key disconnect between the work of the Security Council and other UN institutions such as the Human Rights Council, therefore severely limiting the potential for effective atrocity prevention responses. Thus, without a stronger connection to human rights in the process of threat identification, the R2P norm will remain considerably limited as a prevention tool. Consequently, the article also contributes to a new understanding of the critical role evolving institutional rules and practices play in state attempts to both constrain and reshape human protection norms.
Estimating local eradication costs for invasive Miscanthus populations throughout the eastern and midwestern United States
Authors: Lowry Carolyn J. , Matlaga David P. , West Natalie M. , Williams Martin M. , Davis Adam S.
Published: July 2022

Several Miscanthus species are cultivated in the U.S. Midwest and Northeast, and feral populations can displace the native plant community and potentially negatively affect ecosystem processes. The monetary cost of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations is unknown, but quantifying eradication costs will inform decisions on whether eradication is a feasible goal and should be considered when totaling the economic damage of invasive species. We managed experimental populations of eulaliagrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson) and the giant Miscanthus hybrid (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) in three floodplain forest and three old field sites in central Illinois with the goal of eradication. We recorded the time invested in eradication efforts and tracked survival of Miscanthus plants over a 5-yr period, then estimated the costs associated with eradicating these Miscanthus populations. Finally, we used these estimates to predict the total monetary costs of eradicating existing M. sinensis populations reported on EDDMapS. Miscanthus populations in the old field sites were harder to eradicate, resulting in an average of 290% greater estimated eradication costs compared with the floodplain forest sites. However, the cost and time needed to eradicate Miscanthus populations were similar between Miscanthus species. On-site eradication costs ranged from $390 to $3,316 per site (or $1.3 to $11 m−2) in the old field sites, compared with only $85 to $547 (or $0.92 to $1.82 m−2) to eradicate populations within the floodplain forests, with labor comprising the largest share of these costs. Using our M. sinensis eradication cost estimates in Illinois, we predict that the potential costs to eradicate populations reported on EDDMapS would range from $10 to $37 million, with a median predicted cost of $22 million. The monetary costs of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations should be weighed against the benefits of cultivating these species to provide a comprehensive picture of the relative costs and benefits of adding these species to our landscapes.
The Supreme Court as an Agent of Policy Drift: The Case of the NLRA
Authors: SNEAD WARREN
Published: July 2022

Scholars have made important advances in explaining policy drift, uncovering the prevalence of drift in veto-riddled systems, the importance of bureaucratic discretion and statutory ambiguity in combatting drift, and its feedback effects. Despite research demonstrating the potential for judicial action to alleviate drift, we know little about the potential for the Supreme Court to facilitate policy drift. I argue that the Supreme Court may operate as a powerful agent of drift by stripping statutes of ambiguity, foreclosing policy innovation in institutions outside of Congress, and curtailing bureaucratic discretion and authority. To demonstrate these mechanisms, I show how in the case of federal labor law, the Court’s jurisprudence addressing the right to strike, federal preemption, and National Labor Relations Board authority played a central role in gradually undoing the efficacy of The National Labor Relations Act. This inquiry has important implications for understanding public policy, judicial power, the development of American labor law, and American democracy.