bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Lipid Level Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Hematological Characteristics and Lipid Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)
Authors: in M. , Zhou Q. , Yuan Y. , Lu Y. , Zhu T-t , Qiu H. , Pan T-t
Published: February 2021

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth,antioxidant capacity,hematological characteristics,and lipid metabolismof juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) of initial weight 4.33 ± 0.01 g. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain lipid levels of 36.8 (Diet1, control group), 82.9 (Diet2) and 136g/kg(Diet3). After the feeding trial, fish fed high lipid levels (Diet2 and Diet3) showed higher growth performance and feed efficiency compared to low level (Diet1) group. The hematological characteristics were significantly higher in Diet3 than Diet1. Fish fed Diet3 had significantly highermalondialdehyde (MDA) content and catalase (CAT) activity in serum than Diet1group. Conversely, the hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and fatty acid synthase (Fas) activity were significantly lower in fish fed Diet3. Overall, this study indicated that juvenile black seabream could adapt high lipid diet (82.9~136g/kg) by regulating growth,hematological characteristics,and lipid metabolism.
Comparative Analysis of Non-Specific Immunity of Clarias fuscus, Silurus asotus, and Silurus meridionalis
Authors: Zhou Y. , Chen F. , Chen N. , Wu X. , Wang W , Luo Y. , Yang P. , Han Q. , Liu L. , Xia H.
Published: February 2021

Clarias fuscus, Silurus asotus and Silurus meridionalis are economically important species in the aquaculture industry in China. However, comparative analysis of immune indices of C. fuscus, S. asotus, and S. eridionalis has been rarely been conducted. In the present study, head kidney and spleen indices and blood serum immunologically related enzyme activity of C. fuscus, S. asotus, and S. meridionalis were detected. Both head kidney and spleen body ratios were highest in S. meridionalis, followed by S. asotus, and lowest in C. fuscus. This suggests that the degree of lymphocyte proliferation and immune function of S. eridionalis might be strongest compared to S. asotus and C. fuscus. Blood serum lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity, were highest in S. meridionalis, followed by S. asotus, but lowest in C. fuscus. Compared to S. asotus, acid phosphatase activity and catalase activity was higher in C. fuscus. Both acid phosphatase and catalase activities were highest in S. meridionalis, which was in line with lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase, head kidney and spleen body ratios. This indicated that compared to S. asotus and C. fuscus, the immune function of S. meridionalis was strongest, and might have the greatest resistance to invaders like parasites, bacteria, and viruses. These results provide a theoretical basis for selection of varieties and optimization of germplasm in fish culture production and may be very valuable in future research.
Response of hatchery-cultured mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) instar fed natural preys and an artificial feed
Authors: Gong Y-y. , Lu J-x. , Wang X-s. , Huang Y-q.
Published: February 2021

A 60 day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effect on growth, survival, amino acid composition, and coloration of hatchery-cultured mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) instar (0.41 ± 0.05 g) fed: fish Harpadon nehereus, Chinese mystery snail Cipangopaludina chinensis, and artificial feed. Each food type was assigned to eight tanks (10 crabs per tank). Results showed that the growth of mud crab is significantly affected by food type. Crabs fed the artificial feed showed specific growth rate comparable to crabs fed the snail C. chinensis, and higher growth rate compared to crabs consuming fish H. nehereus. Amino acid profiles of whole crabs were found to be highly correlated with dietary amino acid profiles. Crabs fed dry feed showed higher L* value (lighter colour) and b* value (higher intensity in blue colour) compared to crabs fed the other two diets. In conclusion, it is clear that artificial feed is potentially an alternative diet for hatchery-cultured mud crab (S. paramamosain) instar in terms of growth rate. However, it is suggested that paler carapace color might be related to insufficient dietary intake of carotenoids from the artificial feed
RNA Interference Studies on the Sex- Linked Genes transformer-2and sex-lethal in the Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense
Authors: Chen S. , Fu H. , Qiao H. , Sun S. , Zhang W. , Jin S. , Gong Y. , Jiang S. , Xiong Y. , Wu Y.
Published: February 2021

The sex-lethal (sxl) and transformer-2 (tra-2) genes play key roles in the regulation of the sex differentiation pathway in insects. This study investigated the transcriptional patterns of Mntra-2 and Mnsxl in different tissues in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. The qPCR results showed that the highest level of Mntra-2 expression was observed in the muscle, and the highest level of Mnsxl expression was observed in the hepatopancreas. RNA interference with Mntra-2/Mnsxl dsRNA effectively resulted in a decrease in the expression of Mntra-2/Mnsxl in the muscle, hepatopancreas and gonads in both males and females. Mntra-2 dsRNA had a significant inhibitory effect on Mnsxl mRNA expression in the testis and ovaries, but Mnsxl dsRNA did not affect Mntra-2 mRNA expression in either organ. Thus, Mntra-2 may be an upstream gene in the sex determination pathway in M. nipponense, and the regulatory mechanisms may be different from those observed in Drosophila melanogaster, even though these genes are homologous to the Drosophila tra-2 and sxl sex-determination genes. Thus, the present results are preliminary and the sex determination pathway in M. nipponense needs further in-depth research.
IMPLEMENTASI METODOLOGI SCRUM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI EREGITRASI VENDOR (STUDI KASUS : KRAKATAU IT)
Authors: Ritonga Roy Amrullah , A'id Asep Mabrur , Megayanti Anita
Published: February 2021

Vendor registration is an online-based vendor registration application designed under the web using a frame work codeigniter and is part of the eprocurement application. Eregistration was developed as an effort to use master vendors in all activities in following the procurement process for goods and service providers to become partners of PT. Krakatau IT. In the Application Development Process, vendor registration uses the Scrum method which aims to complete the speed of development. The implementation of the Scrum method is indispensable in the process of developing the registration which has a medium-scale work scope and is done in team work so that it can be completed for 3 (three) months. This vendor registration development uses a sprint based on workload priorities that will be included in the product backlog. Some of the scrum methods that the researcher will discuss include the Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog and deliverables.
Legal Consequences for Political Buzzers in Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Bina Insan University Jalan jenderal besar HM. Soeharto KM. 13 Kelurahan Lubuk Kupang Kecamatan Lubuklinggau Selatan 1 Kota Lubuklinggau Sumatera Selatan, Fransisco Wawan
Published: February 2021

Legal consequences for political buzzers in Indonesia that are present as a result of the development of social media in the contemporary era. Social media can be accessed and used by anyone in Indonesia who has the ability to use the required technology, currently there are no specific rules regulating the use of social media even though Indonesia already has Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, however in fact, it has not been able to anticipate the buzzer phenomenon that is present due to the development of social media. Identification of the problem under study is how the legal consequences for political buzzers in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research using a conceptual approach using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Analysis of legal materials is carried out using qualitative analysis, with deductive reasoning. The results showed that buzzer is not something that is prohibited, they must make specific legal rules regarding registration on social media and create a social media buzzer settlement system based on character building education so that people will use social media positively.
Estimationof a Tax Compliance Index with Specific Application to Pay-As-You-Earn
Authors:   Masters in Business Leadership in the Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa, Koloane Cathrine T
Published: February 2021

This article provides a composite index for Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE)tax using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The study uses time series from April 2012 to March 2020 (using monthly data) for the ratios derived from the four compliancemeasures namely, payments on time, registration on time, filing on time and accurate declarations. The index is computed using the weights of the four derived principal components. According to the model results, the PAYE tax compliance index averages around 75.0% for the period, with the lowest value of 72.3% in 2013/14 and the highestvalue of 77.1% achieved in 2018/19. There is a clear upward trend, indicating improving levels of compliance in PAYE. Similarly, setting the baseline index of 100 i.e. assuming 100% compliance for 2012/13, results in PAYE tax compliance index averaging around 101.6% for the period, with the lowest value of 97.72% in 2013/14 and the highest value of 104.26% achieved in 2018/19. The study recommends this methodology to be applied to all the tax products and that the overall tax compliance index be computed. This will assist tax authorities all over the world to actively monitor tax compliance levels and institute timeous corrective measures in order to address non-compliance and ultimately maximise PAYE revenue collections. Moreover, this study also serve as a base for many of the future tax compliance indices studies.
Guía de recomendaciones para pacientes con diabetes mellitus y patología cardiovascular
Authors: Litwak León
Published: February 2021

Frente a los significativos y rápidos cambios en los conocimientos relacionados con la fisiopatología de la diabetes mellitus (DM) y los mecanismos involucrados en el desarrollo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) por un lado y, por otro, frente al desarrollo de diferentes fármacos con inesperados efectos a nivel cardiovascular, nos propusimos desarrollar un consenso actualizado entre la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología y la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, dos sociedades con reconocida trayectoria en la confección de guías y consensos que, en última instancia, tienen el objetivo de brindar un material actualizado y práctico para el manejo de los pacientes que presentan DM y ECV. Si bien nuestra tarea conjunta había comenzado hace tiempo atrás, este Consenso sale a la luz en medio de una de las peores crisis sanitarias a nivel mundial con el surgimiento del SARS-CoV2 y su manifestación clínica, la COVID-19.
A carta escolar da província do Huambo: um instrumento de planeamento e gestão territorial
Authors: Calei Lucamba Eugenio
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo trata sobre a carta escolar da Província do Huambo, como instrumento de planeamento e gestão territorial, cujo propósito é de apresentar a carta escolar da Província do Huambo distribuída pelos seus respectivos Municípios, como um instrumento de planeamento e gestão territorial, e assim prever uma resposta adequada às necessidades de redimensionamento da rede escolar colocadas pela evolução da política educativa e pelas oscilações da procura da educação ao nível da nossa província. A elaboração das Cartas Escolares é da competência dos governos provinciais e estas devem estar inseridas nos seus Planos Directores Municipais. Pelo seu modelo organizativo e respectivas fases de implementação, são susceptíveis de constituir uma base capaz de suportar um processo gradual de descentralização e territorializar da política educativa e construir a autonomia das escolas. As cartas escolares são um instrumento dinâmico de planeamento e gestão escolar e territorial que integra conceitos de carácter pedagógico e de ordenamento do território. Conduz a uma rede escolar ajustada sob o ponto de vista da distribuição espacial das instalações, da qualidade dos equipamentos, do número equilibrado de alunos, no seu total e por turma, e permite melhores condições de prática pedagógica, favorecendo assim o sucesso escolar. A elaboração da carta escolar obedeceu duas fases, nomeadamente trabalho de campo que teve a duração de quatro (4) meses e trabalho de gabinete. No faz deste artigo faz-se uma analise geral dos resultado sobre a distribuição das escolas nos diferentes Municípios e Comunas da Província do Huambo.
ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DOS CASOS NOVOS DE HANSENÍASE NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL
Authors: BARBOSA Celivane Cavalcanti , BONFIM Cristine Vieira do , MENDES Micheline da Silveira , SOUZA Wayner Vieira de , MEDEIROS Zulma Maria de
Published: February 2021

.
PADRÕES ESPACIAIS DOS CASOS NOVOS DE HANSENÍASE EM MENORES 15 ANOS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL
Authors: BARBOSA Celivane Cavalcanti , BONFIM Cristine Vieira do , MENDES Micheline da Silveira , SOUZA Wayner Vieira de , MEDEIROS Zulma Maria de
Published: February 2021

.
MELHORIA NA DETECÇÃO DA HANSENÍASE NA XI GERES – SERRA TALHADA – PE, APÓS PRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: LIMA Kamila Thaís Marcula , MARTINS Adna Maris de Siqueira , CARVALHO Tânia Gomes de , SOUZA Jozelma Pereira Barros de , CLEMENTINO Maria do Socorro de Oliveira , CANTARELLI Karla Millene Sousa Lima , NUNES Dayane Fernanda Pereira , ALMEIDA Ruamma Martins de , TENÓRIO Maria José Mourato Cândido , FREITAS Maiara Salles Ferreira de , BEZERRA Silvana Paulo
Published: February 2021

.
SOBREPOSIÇÃO DE CASOS DE HANSENÍASE NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ: ANÁLISE DA MAGNITUDE E PERFIS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E CLÍNICO EM REDES DE CONVÍVIO DOMICILIAR, 2001–2014
Authors: REIS Adriana da Silva dos , SOUZA Eliana Amorim de , FERREIRA Anderson Fuentes , FERREIRA Maria Angélica Gomes , ARAÚJO Olívia Dias de , MACEDO Suyanne Freire de , SILVA Gilberto Valentim da , ARAÚJO FILHO Francisco Jose de , BARBOSA Jaqueline Caracas , RAMOS JR Alberto Novaes
Published: February 2021

.
AÇÃO DE SAÚDE PARA POPULAÇÃO CARCERÁRIA DO CENTRO DE OBSERVAÇÃO E TRIAGEM PROFESSOR EVERALDO LUNA – COTEL: EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COM BUSCA ATIVA DE CASOS DE HANSENÍASE
Authors: SANTOS Mayara Ferreira Lins dos , GARCIA Randal de Medeiros , OLIVEIRA Roberto Soares de , SILVA João Bosco Bonifácio da , NASCIMENTO Raphaela Delmondes do , SODRÉ Nataly Lins , LIMA Giovana Ferreira , ROCHA Emília Cristiane Albuquerque da , LIRA Monique Léia Aragão de
Published: February 2021

.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE PORTADORES E EX PORTADORES DE HANSENÍASE: REALIDADE DE UM SERVIÇO EM ALAGOAS.
Authors: OLIVEIRA Fabianna Santos de , LIMA Cryslane Almeida de , TAVARES Clodis Maria , SILVA Jovânia Marques de Oliveira e , GAMA Daniely Oliveira Nunes
Published: February 2021

.
Frequency of Metabolic Abnormalities in Pakistani Children With Renal Stones
Authors: Sajid Muhammad Tanveer , Zafar Muhammad Rafiq , Mustafa Qurat-Ul-Ain , Abbas Rabia , Raziq Sohail , Mansoor Khurram
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of various metabolic abnormalities in children with urinary lithiasis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from 30 January 2017 to 1 February 2020. A total of 1355 children who were aged 4 to 14 years and who had renal stones were included, while those with urinary tract infections, posterior urethral valve, pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, reflux disease, and chronic renal failure were excluded. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were analyzed for urinary uric acid, calcium, oxalate, citrate, and magnesium. Demographics and metabolic abnormalities—hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hyperuricosuria, and hypomagnesuria—were noted and analyzed.

Results: The study analysis included 1355 patients. Low urine volume was observed in 465 (34.3%) of the patients. Three hundred nine patients (22.8%) had metabolic abnormalities, the most common being hypocitraturia (184, 59.5%) followed by hypercalciuria (136, 44%) and hypomagnesuria (126, 40.8%). Mean age of presentation, disease duration, recurrent bilateral stones were found significantly different in those having metabolic abnormalities (7.81±2.25 versus 8.76±2.50 P < 0.001, 7.73±1.50 versus 8.43±1.54 P < 0.001, 19.4 versus 2.4% P < 0.001 respectively). No significant difference was found in frequency of abnormal urinary metabolic parameters between boys and girls (P > 0.05) or, upon data stratification, on the basis of disease duration, stone laterality, and recurrence.

Conclusion: Metabolic abnormalities were found in 22.8% % of children presenting with urinary lithiasis. The most frequent abnormality observed was hypocitraturia followed by hypercalciuria and hypomagnesuria. Early identification helps manage such patients appropriately, mitigating long-term sequelae.
Double Trouble! Rare Complete Duplication of the Entire Urinary Tract With Dual Neurogenic Bladders Necessitating Dual Intermittent Catheterization
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Matai Lavina
Published: February 2021

We report a striking duplication of the entire urinary collecting system in an 18-year-old male with 2 renal pelves and 2 ureters on either side, along with a complete duplication of the bladder and urethra.
Age-Related Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: A Global Perspective
Authors: de la Rosette Jean , Laguna Pilar , Zeng Guohua , Coloby Patrick , Momesso Adrián , Azhar Raed A. , Chłosta Piotr , Heesakkers John , Crişan Nicolae , Ruiz Leticia , Bolton Damien , Gómez Reynaldo , Klotz Laurence , Kulkarni Sanjay , Tanguay Simon , Gravas Stavros
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU) conducted a survey to determine whether the pandemic has harmed the mental health of practicing urologists worldwide.

Methods: Members of the Executive Board of the SIU designed a self-selected survey consisting of multiple-choice questions about the safety and mental health of urologists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was disseminated by email to SIU members worldwide.

Results: A total of 3448 SIU members from 109 countries responded to the survey, which sought to determine the extent of mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress—experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 21% of urologists who responded reported that their mental health was very challenged, with 58% indicating increased stress levels, and 15% indicating greatly increased stress levels. Older urologists were less likely to report any of the negative mental health symptom queried (ie, delirium [rs = −0.06, P = 0.001], psychosis [rs = −0.04, P = 0.019], anxiety [rs = −0.09, P < 0.001], depression [rs = −0.08, P <.001], distress [rs = −0.07, P < 0.001]), except insomnia (P > 0.20). Furthermore, 29% of urologists indicated they were afraid to go to work, while 53% reported being afraid to go home to their families after work.

Conclusion: In this worldwide survey of practicing urologists, more than half of the participants reported an increase in insomnia, distress, and other psychological symptoms as they managed patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, although half of respondents did not experience any mental health symptoms. Institutions should provide psychological coping resources to all health care staff, not only for the front-line workers during the pandemic.
Novel Expanding Renal Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers
Authors: Claps Francesco , Mir M. Carmen
Published: February 2021

Identification of reliable molecular biomarkers that can complement clinical practice represents a fascinating challenge in any cancer field. Renal tumors are usually asymptomatic and incidentally identified during imaging studies undertaken for unrelated causes. However, in 25% to 30% of patients the first diagnosis is accompanied by symptoms and associated with distant metastasis. Thus, early diagnosis may reduce the risk of disease progression also avoiding side effects of inadequate treatments. Moreover, the ability to categorize patients' risk of recurrence after radical treatment, or even predict benefit from a target therapy, represents a compelling challenge. Here we review the current state-of-the-art on RCC biomarkers, particularly focusing on the new approaches of genomics, liquid biopsy, proteomics, and metabolomics.
Effect of Rotation on Thermosolutal Convection in Visco-elastic Nanofluid with Porous Medium
Authors:   Department of Mathematics S. D. (P.G.) College Muzaffarnagar, U.P, India., Pundir Sudhir Kumar , Kumar Mukul ,   Department of Mathematics S. D. (P.G.) College Muzaffarnagar, U.P, India., Pundir Rimple ,   Department of Mathematics S. D. (P.G.) College Muzaffarnagar, U.P, India.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we studied the rotation effect on the thermosolutal convection in visco-elastic nanofluid in the presence of porous medium using Walters` (model B`). To solve the conservation equation, we used the normal mode technique and Galerkin weighted residual method. For stationary convection, the onset criterion derived analytically and experiential that visco-elastic nanofluid behaves as a regular Newtonian nanofluid. The effect of rotation, thermo-nanofluid Lewis number, thermosolutal Lewis number and solutal Rayleigh number analyze analytically and graphically.
Besser von zu Hause aus arbeiten
Authors: Kellerhoff Peter
Published: February 2021

Mobile Office: Mit einem vom Arbeitgeber eingerichteten Arbeitsplatz ist das Mobile Office selten zu vergleichen. Doch es gibt Möglichkeiten und vor allem Gadgets, um sich das Arbeiten von zu Hause aus angenehmer zu gestalten.
MỘT SỐ VẤN ĐỀ CƠ BẢN VỀ PHÁT TRIỂN CHƯƠNG TRÌNH ĐÀO TẠO GIÁO VIÊN THEO HƯỚNG TIẾP CẬN NĂNG LỰC
Authors: Hà Mỹ Hạnh
Published: February 2021

Chương trình đào tạo giáo viên chuyển từ giáo dục định hướng đầu vào sang giáo dục định hướng năng lực đầu ra nên việc phát triển chương trình đào tạo giáo viên theo hướng tiếp cận năng lực là nhiệm vụ hết sức quan trọng đối với các trường sư phạm trong giai đoạn hiện nay. Hơn nữa, việc phát triển chương trình đào tạo giáo viên theo hướng tiếp cận năng lực tạo điều kiện thuận lợi xây dựng chương trình, tổ chức bài học và kiểm tra đánh giá theo chuẩn đầu ra. Bài viết đi sâu phân tích một số vấn đề cơ bản về phát triển chương trình đào tạo giáo viên theo hướng tiếp cận năng lực.
Efecto de la dexmedetomidina y morfina intratectal como coadyuvantes en anestesia obstétrica
Authors: Alegre Andrade Patricia
Published: February 2021

El uso de coadyuvantes en anestesia obstétrica es útil para disminuir la dosis de los anestésicos locales. En bogala adición de un nuevo fármaco como es la dexmedetomidina espinal que abarca de 5 μg a 10 μg en el reportemundial.Objetivos: Comparar el efecto de la administración espinal de la dexmedetomidina y morfina, más bupivacainapesada en pacientes sometidas a cesárea.Métodos: Ensayo clínico, doble ciego y prospectivo de 99 pacientes randomizados en 3 grupos: grupo D2(fentanilo 10 μg, bupivacaina 9 mg y dexmedetomidina 2 μg); grupo D3 (fentanilo 10 μg, bupivacaina 9 mg ydexmedetomidina 3 μg) y grupo M (fentanilo 10 μg, bupivacaina 9 mg y morfina 100 μg). Evaluación de parámetroshemodinámicos, duración de bloqueo motor, necesidad de vasopresores y complicaciones. Análisis estadístico:ANOVA para variables cuantitativas, para variables nominales se empleó chi cuadrado. Valor de p <0.05 essignificativo.Resultados: La duración más prolongada del bloqueo motor fue en el grupo D2 (140,3 ± 30,7minutos), seguidodel grupo de D3 (142,4 ± 16 minutos) y el grupo M (107 ± 14,6). En los grupos con dexmedetomidina se tienesedación y estabilidad hemodinámica, la necesidad de rescate fue en el grupo M; la cantidad de vasopresores quese utilizó fue de 1 ± 1,7 ml en el grupo D2; 1,8 ± 2,9 ml en el grupo D3 y 1,7 ± 2,1 ml en el grupo M. Hipotensiónes la complicación más frecuente.Conclusiones: Dexmedetomidina 2 μg mejor estabilidad hemodinámica con prolongación del bloqueo motor ymenor necesidad de vasopresores.
Phasa: todo sobre la arcilla comestible.
Authors: Copa Gisbert Victor Joaquin , Ramirez Alanoca Giovanny Fernando
Published: February 2021

La phasa (conocida así entre los pobladores aymaras) es un tipo de arcilla comestible que se encuentra en los suelos, empleada como medicina tradicional en la mayoría de los continentes, principalmente para aliviar o tratar patologías gastrointestinales e infecciones cutáneas. Su consumo se remonta muchos siglos atrás; existe evidencia del uso de este elemento en las Placas de arcilla de Nippur en Mesopotamia (2500 años a. C.).Develar las propiedades bio-físico-químicas de las arcillas comestibles está permitiendo a la ciencia explicar las propiedades terapéuticas que posee y así confirmar los grandes avances en la medicina alternativa que tuvieron nuestros antepasados.El uso de la phasa no se limita a la medicina, sino también a muchas otras ramas de la ciencia. En los últimos 10 años se ha experimentado en la agricultura, veterinaria, incluso en el cuidado del medio ambiente dando resultados muy gratificantes y prometedores.
Effect of dietary inclusion of ginger meal (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on performance, serum cholesterol profile and carcass quality of broilers
Authors: Agu E. C. , Okeudo N. J. , Oladi N. O. , Okoro V. M. O.
Published: February 2021

Recent concerns over the use of antibiotics in livestock feed production has generated interest in the use of phytobiotics to improve performance and meat quality of broilers. In this study the effect of dietary inclusion of ginger meal (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on performance, haematology, serum lipid profile and carcass quality of broilers were evaluated. One hundred and eighty day old broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were randomly allocated to 4 treatment group with 3 replicates each. Each group was fed an experimental diets containing air dried ginger rhizome meal at either 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% levels, at starter (0-4 weeks) and finisher (5-8 weeks) stages, in a completely randomized design. 5 birds per treatment were sacrificed and used to evaluate the haematology, performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipid profile and post mortem microbial load on the meat. Results showed no significant (P>0.05) effects of dietary ginger meal inclusion on performance parameters but improved carcass yield and quality. 0.4% inclusion of ginger meal significantly (P<0.05) increased the HDL cholesterol level (56.72 mg/dL) relative to those fed 0.2% (25.38 mg/dL) while the total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels were not significantly affected (P>0.05). Birds fed diets containing 0.2% ginger meal had haemoglobin content (11.96 g/dl) and PCV (36.68%) values superior to the control (10.16 g/dl and 32.22% respectively) Post mortem microbial load were unaffected by dietary inclusion of ginger up to 0.6% in their diets. Meat tenderness was significantly higher (P<0.05) at 0.4% and 0.6% ginger meal levels (8.20) compared to the control (7.40). it is therefore concluded that 0.4 to 0.6 % dietary inclusion of ginger meal in broiler diets will have positive effects on serum lipoprotein level, carcass yield and organoleptic quality of meat.
Growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as energy source in place of maize
Authors: Anyaegbu B. C. , Onunkwo D. N. , Nosike R. J. , Orji M. C.
Published: February 2021

Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), its appropriate utilization for chicken diets may enhance performance of starter broilers. The study was therefore, carried out to determine the growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in place of maize. Xanthosoma cocoyam corms were harvested, cleaned of soil and chopped into bits of about 0.2 cm. The chopped tannia was soaked in water in a large vat for 24 hours to reduce the ant nutrients and later on separated from the water and dried with microwave oven. The dried cocoyam was milled and then used. The proximate chemical composition showed that soaked cocoyam tuber meal contained 8.05% moisture, 91.95% dry matter, 10.08% ash, 2.01% crude protein, 1.60% ether extract, 3.80% crude fibre, 74.46% NFE and 3158.92Kcal/kg DM metabolizable energy. In the starter broiler experiment, five experimental diets were formulated such that, diet 1 (control) contained yellow maize as the main energy source, while soaked CTM was used to replace maize at levels of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively in the control diet. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 broiler chicks for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was further grouped into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The broiler chicks were kept in deep litter and given feed and water ad libitum. Parameters measured included initial body weight, final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of production. In the starter feeding trial, the group on 30% soaked CTM (30% SCYM) compared favorably with the control group (P<0.05) and recorded the highest body weight gain. It appeared that, the starter broilers could tolerate high levels of soaked CTM in their diets. Cost of production (cost of feed x feed conversion ratio) was lowest for diet 5 (30% SCYM) N248.15 as against N281.86 for control diet in the starter feeding trial. CTM meal can be used to replace maize at 30% in the diets of starter broilers without affecting weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in the study.
Medicinal plants used for diarrhoea treatment in sheep and goats among smallholders in farm settlements of Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Fasae O. A. , Adenuga A. J.
Published: February 2021

The use of traditional remedies in the treatment of diarrhoea in ruminants is a common form of therapy among poor resource smallholder farmers in Nigeria with restricted access to veterinary healthcare services. The medicinal plants of antidiarrheal importance in smallholder sheep and goat production systems were studied in farm settlements namely Ado-Odo, Ikenne and Ibiade, located in Ogun state, Nigeria. Techniques including interviews, observations and guided field walks were used to collect data from 150 farmers across the farm settlements. Results showed that all respondents owned either sheep or goats with goats more preferred, while diarrhea was also observed to be a major disease problem in goats compared to sheep. About 92% of the farmers admitted using anti-diarrhoea herbs and about 80% agreed to their effectiveness in the treatment of diarrhoea in sheep and goats. The study identified 11 plant species used to treat diarrhoea with varied recipe and the route of administration was orally. Less than 12% of these plant parts were administered solely, preparing as a single-component while the majority of the identified plants were used in combination with other plant parts. Phytochemical components were analyzed for tannin, saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid which were observed in different plant parts showing their potential as antidiarrheal agents.The usage of these plants could therefore be an indispensable component of traditional medicine practice which can serve as safe alternative and complementary medicines to various allopathic drugs that could help safeguard health and obtain optimum production from animals.
Breed and diurnal effects on leptin and glucose concentrations in tropical cattle
Authors: Okwelum N. , Oduguwa B. O. , Yahya N. , Gazal O. , Osinowo O. A.
Published: February 2021

The effects of breed and time of day was evaluated on plasma leptin and glucose concentrations in four breeds of cattle. The breeds were Muturu, White Fulani, Ndama and Muturu x White Fulani cross. Animals had ad-libitum access to feed and water. Each animal was weighed daily and bled by jugular venipuncture using Vacutainer kits for three consecutive days. Plasma leptin was determined using the Millipore Multi-species radioimmunoassay and plasma glucose was determined using the Wako Autokit Glucose technique. Plasma leptin was significantly (P<0.0001) dependent on breed. The Muturu breed had the lowest amount of leptin (3.9 ± 1.8 ng/ml) while the White Fulani breed had the highest level (8.5 ± 3.2 ng/ml). There was a significant correlation between bodyweight and leptin. Leptin level was not affected by time of day. Mean plasma glucose ranged from 42.7 to 54.7 mg/dL and was significantly (P = 0.019) dependent on cattle breed. Also, time of day had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. These data indicated that significant breed differences exist in leptin concentrations in tropical cattle. These differences may reflect the disparity in muscularity and adiposity in the breeds.
Haematological and biochemical indices of camels fed some preferred forages
Authors: Alkali H. A. , Muhammad B. F. , Ghude M. I. , Nasir M.
Published: February 2021

The study was aimed at investigating the hematological parameters and biochemical profile of camels fed some preferred forages in the Sudan Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria. A total of five healthy male camels were used in six feeding periods. The blood indices were determined at an interval of one week during the feeding period. The results show significantly (P<0.05) higher Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). No significant difference (P>0.05) was recorded in neutrophils, amylase and cholesterol. Also, the blood urea level, total protein, serum globulin and albumin were affected significantly (P<0.05) by the experimental forages. It was however concluded that experimental forages could induce significant changes in the physiological responses of the dromedary camel blood without deleterious effect.
Chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationships and divergence among three breeds of giant african land snails in Nigeria
Authors: Okon B. , Ibom L. A. , Dauda A. , Bassey A. E. , Awodiran M. O. , Etukudo M. O.
Published: February 2021

A number of studies have been carried out on the reproductive and growth performance of these breeds of giant African land snails, but not much is documented on chromosome, evolutionary relationships and divergence studies. Forty snails and 10 of each breed of giant African land snails Archachatina marginata (AM), Achatina achatina (AA) and Achatina fulica (AF) and two varieties of A. marginata [A. marginata var. saturalis (AMS) and A. marginata var. ovum (AMO)] were used for the chromosomes numbers analyses. Slides for chromosome identification were prepared using the ovotestes and the cells were examined for spread atmetaphase. The haploid (n) chromosome numbers obtained revealed and confirmed that AF, AA, AMS and AMO snails have 27, 30, 28 and 28 chromosomes respectively. Also 13 amino acid sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information with accession numbers: ALD09273, AAY62497, ACA 10148 and AKQ 76237 for AM; AKQ 76253, AKQ 76250, CDL 67813, CDL 67813 and AKQ 76249 for AA and SP/P35903, PDB/5CZL, KZM 80032 and YP009049167 for AF snails. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. Phylogenetic tree analysis by Neighbour- Joining (NJ) was constructed using 10 out of the 13 amino acid sequences. The reliability of the tree was calculated by boostrap confidence value with 1000 boot strapiterations using MEGA 7 software.The phylogenetic trees showed that these snail breeds are highly divergent. A. achatina was separately related to itself; whereas A. marginata slightly mingled with A. fulica. The degrees of divergence obtained signified that they have evolved from different ancestors. The evolutionary distances were computed with the remaining three amino acid sequences using the Poisson Correction method. Very high and far apart average genetic distances of 0.923±0.018, 0.926±0.018 and 0.926±0.017 were obtained for AA vs AF, AF vs AM and AA vs AM snails respectively, confirming that these snail breeds are genetically far apart between themselves. The results obtained for chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationship and average genetic distances might be apanacea in further selection and molecular classification of giant African land snails (GALS) in Nigeria.
Camel (Camelus dromedarius) production in Northern Nigeria: An appeal to the Nigerian Institute of Animal Science (NIAS)
Authors: Ghude M. I. , Alkali H. A. , Maigandi S. A.
Published: February 2021

Camel production is known in supplying protein to man such as meat and milk, agricultural practices, transportation of goods in tones from one place to another, camel racing among others. However, its production and acceptability is low. Thus, a study was aimed at exploring the potentials of one humped camel production and its importance to the rural dwellers in the arid and semi–arid zones of Nigeria. However, Nigerian Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) would be in the right position considering its mandate on repositioning animal science practices to integrate camel production into modern practices for optimum utilization. The hardy nature of camelsmade it to survivewhere other breeds of livestock such as cattle, sheep and goatmay not survive or their production potentialsmay be low.However, camel production does not need much capital to invest due to its hardy nature and simplicity. Modern ways of improving animal production if applied on camel will boost the production potentials.
Estimation of variance components for bodyweight of grasscutters using expectation maximization algorithm of restricted maximum likelihood
Authors: Udeh I.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to estimate the variance components and heritability of bodyweight of grasscutters at 4, 6 and 8 months of age using EM algorithm of REML procedures. The data used for the study were obtained from the bodyweight records of 20 grasscutters from four families at 4, 6 and 8 months of age. The heritability of bodyweight of grasscutters at 4, 6 and 8 months of age were 0.14, 0.10 and 0.12 respectively. This implies that about 10 – 14 % of the phenotypic variability of body weight in this grasscutter population was accounted by additive genetic variance while environmental and gene combination variance made a larger contribution. The implication is that selection of grasscutters in this population should not be based on the information on the animals alone but also information fromits relatives.
Toxicological evaluation of graded levels of freshly harvested bamboo (Bambusaarundinacea) and tridax (Tridax procumbens) leaves on blood chemistry of rabbits
Authors: Akinmoladun O. F. , Sabi R. S. , Adedayo O. T.
Published: February 2021

Bamboo is a perennial plant, readily available throughout the year and has been reportedly used in feeding livestock such as cattle, horse and sheep but known to possess antioxidant due to the presence of biologically active components groups, the phenolics. Thus the effects of bamboo (Bambusa arundinancea) leaves partially or totally replacing tridax (Tridaxprocumbens) leaves on blood constituents of rabbits were studied using weaner rabbits in a 70-days experiment. Six diets were formulated such that the control diet (T1) had 0% leaves (concentrate/formulated feed) while the five other diets were offered at the ratio of 100:0 (T2), 75:25(T3), 50:50(T4), 25:75(T5) and 0:100(T6) of freshly harvested B. arundinancea and T. procumbens leaves, respectively. Feeds were offered at 4% of the rabbits'' live weight and apart from the control diet, the five other diets had 2% fixed concentrate and 2% experimental leaves ratio. Thirty-six weaned mixed sex and cross bred rabbits with an average weight of 1075±15.5g were allocated to a completely randomized design with six rabbits per treatment. The feeds were analysed for their antinutritional factors. The rabbits were slaughtered while the blood was harvested and used for the blood constituents. The percent ash was appreciably higher in bamboo than tridax leaves. The bioactive antioxidants flavonoids were detected in the leaves of bamboo and absent in tridax leaves. Both bamboo and tridax leaves had appreciably very low tannin. With exception of neutrophils, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil and MCHC, other haematological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Diets had no effect on total protein, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine and ALP. It is concluded therefore that partial or total replacement of tridax with bamboo leaves had no deleterious effect on the health status of growing rabbits.
Effect of mimosa diplotricha leaf meal on the organ weights and organoleptic properties of three broiler strains
Authors: Ezeakacha E. M. , Okonkwo J. C. , Ezenyilimba B.
Published: February 2021

The effect of Mimosa diplotricha leaf meal (MDLM) on the organ weights and organoleptic properties of three broiler breeds was studied using 120 day-old chicks reared for eight weeks. The work was carried out using randomized complete block design. The breeds namely Arbo Acre, Cobbs and Ross were designated as treatment 1, 2 and 3, respectively withthree replicates each. Two diet groups; diet with 2% Mimosa diplotricha leaf meal and diets without the leaf meal were administered. The organ weights and organoleptic properties of the broiler strains were determined. Mimosa diplotricha had no significant effect on the heart, spleen, gizzard and liver weights of the birds. Furthermore, similar spleen weights were obtained across the breeds, while discrepancies were observed in heart, gizzard and liver weights of the breeds. Cobbs best tolerated the leaf meal with respect to organ weights and gave the best taste, flavor intensity and desirability. Results showed that Mimosa diplotricha could be used as a partial replacement of wheat offal in broiler diets. However, lesser concentration may be used for Ross breed. Regardless of feed inclusion, Cobbs is observed as the best breed in comparison to Arbo acre and Ross broilers with respect to organoleptic properties and organ weights.
Effect of diet supplemented with two sources of antioxidants as feed additives on growth indices and internal organs of broiler-chicken
Authors: Imaseun J. A. , Ijeh O. A.
Published: February 2021

Growth indices and the internal organs of 125 broilers (four weeks of age) were assessed in order to study the effect of Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) and Vitamin C as feed additives in their diet. Ginger, Black pepper and Vitamin C powder were administered at the level of 50g/10kg of feed. The broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments: T1 (no antioxidant), T2 (0.5% ginger powder), T3 (0.5% black pepper powder), T4 (0.25% ginger + 0.25% black pepper), T5 (0.5% Vitamin C) in a completely randomized design. The results Obtained showed that the Average weight gain (g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 (33.31) compared to the other treatment groups. The Wing length (cm) of T1 (9.58), T3 (10.21) and T5 (9.47) were not significantly different from each other but was significantly (P<0.05) higher than T2 (8.68) and T5 (7.16). The breast width (cm), chest length (cm), total feed intake(g), average daily feed intake (g) and feed conversion ratio (g) of the broiler birds were not influenced by the dietary antioxidant feed additives. The weights (g) of the Kidney, Liver, Gizzard, Heart, and Spleen in all treatment groups were not significantly different from each other. Effect on kidney function test reveals the results of potassium (Mmol/L) to be significantly (P<0.05) higher (4.27) in T1 compared to the other treatment groups, with the lowest value of potassium content in T5 (2.70). Creatinine (mg/dL) content varied among treatment groups with T4 significantly (P<0.05) higher (0.32) compared to other treatment groups. Liver function test showed AST (IU/L) content in T4 (190.33) to be significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other treatment groups. ALP (IU/L) was lowest in T1 (127.67) and T5 (320.00) was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other treatment groups. Ginger supplemented diet increased feed intake and Vitamin C supplemented diet yielded the best feed conversion ratio.
Blood constituents of broiler chickens as affected by biscuit waste based diets
Authors: Omoikhoje S. O. , Oduduru O. , Eguaoje S. A.
Published: February 2021

An eight week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of substituting maize with biscuit waste meal on the blood constituents of 144- day old Anak 2000 broiler chickens. Four experimental broiler starter and finisher diets were formulated with diet 1 serving as control to contain 0% Biscuit Waste Meal, while diets 2, 3 and 4 were formulated to contain BWM at 25, 50 and 75% inclusion levels for maize. The chicks were randomly assigned to the four treatment diets (1, 2, 3 and 4) in a completely randomized designed (CRD) and each treatment group contained three replicates with twelve chickens per replicate. Results on the blood constituents of broiler chickens fed treatment diets revealed that there is no significant (P>0.05) variation in the haematological indices assayed in this study. However, serum chemistry showed that total protein (3.13), albumin (1.30), and globulin (1.83x10mg/100ml) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed 75% BWM. Total bilirubin was highest (P<0.05) in birds fed diet 20.39x10mg/dl and least in control diet0.30x10mg/dl. Serum aspartate transaminase was higher (P<0.05) in birds that ate 25% BWM (76.67iu/g) though had values to 74.33 and 70.00iu/g in birds placed on diets 1 and 4, respectively. Serum alkaline phosphate 185.67 iu/g was also higher (P<0.05) in birds fed the control diet and least (182.33 iu/g) in birds placed on diet 4. From the overall results it is concluded that the inclusion of BWM in the diet of broiler chickens up to 50% improved the blood quality of broiler chickens.
Heterosis for hatch weight and body weight gain in outcrossed native chickens of Nigeria under savanna conditions
Authors: Egahi J. O. , Momoh O. M. , Abang F. B. P.
Published: February 2021

The normal feathered (NF), frizzle feathered (FF) and naked neck (Na) native chickens of Nigeria were outcrossed under the savanna ecology. Eggs were collected and artificially incubated in electric type incubator. Chicks were weighed at hatch, identified and raised on a standard compounded ration. Body weight increase was evaluated at 4-20 weeks of age. Heterosis was evaluated for hatch weight and body weight at 20 weeks of age. Results revealed that percent heterosis ranged from -12.11to 1.66 and 1.93 to 12.80 for hatch weight and body weight at 20 weeks of age, respectively. The outcrosses using the NF as males had a higher body weight at 20 weeks of age. Consequently, the environmental limitation on growth impinged more on the NF than on the FF and Na genotypes. It was also noted that there is a greater divergence between the NF and the FF, the NF and Na than between the FF and Na birds. Outcrossing the NF birds with the FF and Na birds in the savanna may therefore improve body weight at 20 weeks of age in the outcrosses than in the respective straight bred genotypes.