bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Discrete-Time H2 Guaranteed Cost Performance
Authors: Conway Richard , Horowitz Roberto
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the H2 guaranteed cost performance of a discrete-time LTI system with unstructured dynamic uncertainty. Using the methods of guaranteed cost control, an upper bound on H2 guaranteed cost performance over unstructured parametric uncertainty is formulated in terms of feasibility of a linear matrix inequality. It is then shown that the feasibility of this inequality also guarantees the same level of performance also over unstructured dynamic uncertainty. This is then used to formulate the problem of finding the best upper bound on H2 guaranteed cost performance over unstructured causal dynamic uncertainty as a semi-definite program. Finally, it is shown that this optimization problem can be solved efficiently and accurately using discrete algebraic Riccati equations.
Surface EMG Array Sensor Based Model Fusion Using Bayesian Approaches for Prosthetic Hands
Authors: Anugolu Madhavi , Sebastian Anish , Kumar Parmod , Schoen Marco P. , Urfer Alex , Naidu D. Subbaram
Published: September 2010

Traditional electromyopgrahic (EMG) measurements are based on single sensor information. Due to the arrangement of skeletal muscle fibers for hand motions, cross talk is an inherent problem when inferring motion/force potentials from EMG data. This paper studies means of using sensor arrays to infer better motion/force potential for prosthetic hands. In particular, a surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensor array is used to investigate multiple model fusion techniques. This paper provides a comparison between three statistical model selection criteria. The sEMG signals are pre-processed using four filters, Butterworth, Chebyshev type-II, as well as Bayesian filters such as the Exponential and Half-Gaussian filter. Output Error (OE) models were extracted from sEMG data and hand force data and compared using a Bayesian based fusion model. The four different filters effect were quantified based on the OE models performance in matching the actual measured data. The comparison indicates a preference for using the sensor fusion technique with preprocessed EMG data using the Half-Gaussian Bayesian filter and the Kullback Information Criterion (KIC).
A Method for Distributed Optimization for Task Allocation
Authors: Zhao Sheng , HomChaudhuri Baisravan , Kumar Manish
Published: September 2010

Allocation of a large number of resources to tasks in a complex environment is often a very challenging problem. This is primarily due to the fact that a large number of resources to be allocated results into an optimization problem that involves a large number of decision variables. Most of the optimization algorithms suffer from this issue of non-scalability. Further, the uncertainties and dynamic nature of environment make the optimization problem quite challenging. One of the techniques to overcome the issue of scalability that have been considered recently is to carry out the optimization in a distributed or decentralized manner. Such techniques make use of local information to carry out global optimization. However, such techniques tend to get stuck in local minima. Further, the connectivity graph that governs the sharing of information plays a role in the performance of algorithms in terms of time taken to obtain the solution, and quality of the solution with respect to the global solution. In this paper, we propose a distributed greedy algorithm inspired by market based concepts to optimize a cost function. This paper studies the effectiveness of the proposed distributed algorithm in obtaining global solutions and the phase transition phenomenon with regard to the connectivity metrics of the graph that underlies the network of information exchange. A case study involving resource allocation in wildland firefighting is provided to demonstrate our algorithm.
Subharmonic Resonances of Piezoelectrically Actuated Microcantilevers
Authors: Mahmoodi S. Nima , Jalili Nader , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: September 2010

An extensive frequency response and subharmonic resonance analysis of the equations of motion governing the nonlinear flexural vibrations of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers is performed, using the method of Multiple Scales. A better understanding of the nonlinear response and subharmonics of such systems is needed to enhance the applications of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers that are increasingly becoming popular in many science and engineering areas including scanning force microscopy, biosensors, and microactuators. In this paper, the method of multiple scales is used to derive the 2× and 3× subharmonic resonances appearing in nonlinear flexural vibrations of a piezoelectrically actuated microcantilever. The analytical and numerical results yield the same system response for the fundamental and subharmonic frequencies.
Optimal Performance of Cylinder-by-Cylinder and Fuel Bank Controllers for a CIDI Engine
Authors: Fang Ming , Midlam-Mohler Shawn , Maringanti Rajaram , Chiara Fabio , Canova Marcello
Published: September 2010

At present, Diesel engine combustion in most production engines is controlled via open-loop control. Increasing pressure from tightening emissions standards and on-board diagnosis requirements has made closed-loop combustion a possibility for production engines in the near future. For new combustion concepts, such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition and other low NOx regimes, the need for closed-loop combustion control is very strong. In this work, the applicability of closed-loop combustion control for controlling the variability between cylinders in conventional Diesel combustion is explored through the use of a high-fidelity engine model. The problem is formulated such that the optimal performance of two different closed-loop control concepts can be evaluated through optimization rather than via control design. It is found that, for the types of disturbances occurring in a non-faulty engine, that control of individual cylinders leads to small performance gains compared to fuel bank control.
Feedback Control of a Coupled IPMC (Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite) Sensor-Actuator
Authors: Hunt Andres , Chen Zheng , Tan Xiaobo , Kruusmaa Maarja
Published: September 2010

An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is an electroactive material that bends when electrically stimulated and generates electric current when bent. In this paper we investigate a coupled IPMC sensor-actuator using both the sensing and actuation properties of these electroactive materials. We describe the design of a coupled IPMC sensor-actuator, the feedback controller and the experimental evaluation of the system. Experimental results show the feasibility of closed-loop control of IPMC actuator with a mechanically coupled IPMC sensor.
Variation-Based Transparency Analysis of an Internet-Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Vehicle Powertrain Systems
Authors: Ersal Tulga , Brudnak Mark , Stein Jeffrey L. , Fathy Hosam K.
Published: September 2010

Recent work by the authors and colleagues developed an Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) platform to integrate two geographically-dispersed HILS setups over the Internet, namely, the engine-in-the-loop simulation setup at the University of Michigan (UM) in Ann Arbor, MI, and the driver-in-the-loop ride motion simulator at the US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) in Warren, MI. As the literature discusses in detail, distributing the HILS over the Internet introduces transparency issues due to the delay, jitter, and loss associated with the Internet. This paper first illustrates on a simple example that distributing the simulation can in and of itself be another important source of transparency degradation. Then, the paper presents a variation analysis to evaluate the effect of these two main sources of transparency degradation on the performance of the abovementioned setup. The paper concludes that transparency and how it is affected by distributing the simulation and by the delay, jitter, and loss associated with the Internet is dependent on the signal of interest. Specifically, it is shown that distributing the simulation has more effect on the transparency of the engine torque and throttle signals than the delay, jitter, and loss of the Internet between Ann Arbor and Warren, whereas it does not significantly affect the transparency of vehicle speed unless the Internet delay increases significantly.
A Novel Automotive Transmission Clutch Control Mechanism
Authors: Mohd Zulkefli Mohd Azrin , Song Xingyong , Sun Zongxuan , Miao Hsu-Chiang
Published: September 2010

Clutch fill control is critical for automotive transmission performance and fuel economy, including both automatic and hybrid transmissions. To ensure proper function of the transmission systems, it is important to have a precise and robust clutch fill process. Current clutch fill control is realized in an open loop fashion, due to the lack of a pressure or position sensor in the clutch chamber. To improve the accuracy and robustness of this system, a new clutch control mechanism is proposed, which includes an internal feedback structure without a pressure or position sensor. First, the design and working principles of the new mechanism are presented. Second, the advantages of the internal feedback mechanism are analyzed and shown to be superior to the traditional clutch fill mechanism. To this end, the dynamic model of the new mechanism is formulated. Through a series of simulations and case studies, the new clutch control mechanism is demonstrated to be effective, efficient, and robust for solving the clutch fill and engagement control problem.
Automotive Battery Prognostics Using Dual Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Rubagotti Matteo , Onori Simona , Rizzoni Giorgio
Published: September 2010

This paper proposes a strategy for estimating the remaining useful life of automotive batteries based on dual Extended Kalman Filter. A nonlinear model of the battery is exploited for the on-line estimation of the State of Charge, and this information is used to evaluate the actual capacity and predict its future evolution, from which an estimate of the remaining useful life is obtained with suitable margins of uncertainty. Simulation results using experimental data from lead-acid batteries show the effectiveness of the approach.
A Flexonic Magnetic Car for Ferro-Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Guo Jiajie , Lee Kok-Meng , Zhu Dapeng , Wang Yang
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a new magnetic car as a mobile sensor node for health monitoring and dynamic testing of large civil (ferromagnetic) structures. Unlike traditional car design where the distance between the front and rear wheel pairs is fixed, the electromagnetically driven compliant beam (connecting the front and rear axles) not only offers an effective means to negotiate corners and cross ridges of small dimensions when maneuvering on ferromagnetic surfaces, but also serves as a sensor attachment device. Specifically, this paper presents the design concept of a novel flexonic magnetic car incorporating compliant beams and permanent magnets, and a three-dimensional model for simulating the deformed shape of the compliant beam. The compliant beam that enables direct contact of the accelerometer with the measuring surface eliminating the dynamic effect of the sensor carriers has been validated with the experimental modal analysis for a frame structure. This represents a transformative change from the fixed spatial resolution provided by traditional static sensors.
Bang-Bang Control of a Floating Oscillator
Authors: O’Brien Richard T. , Robertson Michael J.
Published: September 2010

The objective of this paper is to use a simple bang-bang control law to create rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator. This work is motivated by previous work on bang-bang control for systems with two integrators. The advantage of the proposed bang-bang controller is its simplicity and robustness. The bangbang control signal switches between a maximum and minimum value once over the duration of the control signal. The amplitude and duration are computed from the desired move distance and the system parameters. The robustness of the proposed controller to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot in the response once the system has reached the desired move distance. For the proposed controller, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that the robustness improves as the duration of the bang-bang command signal increases and that, given a fixed duration, a further improvement in robustness is obtained over a limited but significant range of uncertainty by using multiple switches within the duration of the bang-bang signal.
An Output Feedback Based Adaptive Robust Fault Tolerant Control Scheme for a Class of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Gayaka Shreekant , Yao Bin
Published: September 2010

In this paper we present an output feedback based Adaptive Robust Fault Tolerant Control (ARFTC) strategy to solve the problem of output tracking in presence of actuator failures, disturbances and modeling uncertainties for a class of nonlinear systems. The class of faults addressed here include stuck actuators, actuator loss of efficiency or a combination of the two. We assume no a priori information regarding the instant of failure, failure pattern or fault size. The ARFTC combines the robustness of sliding mode controllers with the online learning capabilities of adaptive control to accommodate sudden changes in system parameters due to actuator faults. Comparative simulation studies are carried out on a nonlinear hypersonic aircraft model, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme over back-stepping based robust adaptive fault-tolerant control.
Precise Positioning of Electrostatic MEMS: A Non-Contacting Approach
Authors: Wickramasinghe I. P. M. , Sivakumar Ganapathy S. , Berg Jordan M. , Dallas Timothy E. J.
Published: September 2010

Previously, precise positioning of electrostatic MEMS devices has been achieved using mechanical contact between movable and fixed components. A disadvantage of this approach is that stiction at the contact may eventually lead to device failure. This paper presents an alternative approach, whereby a desired configuration is defined by the intersection of two comb structures—one movable and the other fixed. Extremum-seeking control drives the movable electrode to this desired configuration by maximizing the mutual capacitance between the two comb structures. As in the case of mechanical contact, the device structure primarily determines the actuated configuration rather than precise sensing or actuation. However, because the comb structures never physically contact each other, stiction failure is eliminated.
Sensor Fault Diagnosis in Smart Structures
Authors: Sharifi Reza , Langari Reza , Kim Yeesock
Published: September 2010

This paper proposes a novel principal component analysis (PCA)-based sensor fault detection methodology for smart structures employing magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The MR damper is operated by a semiactive nonlinear fuzzy controller (SNFC) that is developed by integration of a set of Lyapunov optimal controllers, Kalman filters, and a semiactive converter with the fuzzy interpolation method. A numeric residual generator is found using the PCA analysis of ten measurements obtained from the structure-MR damper system for sensor fault detection. Using the matrix of this residual generator, the detectability and isolability of each sensor has been analyzed and the detection and isolation algorithm is applied to the smart structural system with different levels of artificially added faults. The simulation demonstrated that the proposed PCA-based sensor fault detection approach is effective in identifying the sensor faults of large smart structures employing MR dampers.
An LPV Approach to Obstacle-Sensitive Trajectory Regulation
Authors: Farhood Mazen , Feron Eric
Published: September 2010

The paper focuses on the control of vehicular systems along trajectories in the presence of obstacles. We design parameter-dependent controllers which guarantee closed-loop stability and performance of the vehicle’s regulation loop. In addition, the control strategy changes depending on the position of the vehicle in the obstacle environment so that the critical outputs are given the most attention. We also provide a fast and easy-to-implement algorithm for online controller construction. Last, the proposed approach is applied to a three-degree-of-freedom helicopter.
Incorporating Operator States in Driver Assistance Systems Control
Authors: Breugelmans Jeffrey , Lin Yingzi , Cai Hua
Published: September 2010

In recent years, the human-in-the-loop principle has been an emerging topic throughout the field of dynamic systems and control. Within this field, Human Assistance Systems (HAS) have become increasingly important and the driving environment, in particular, tends to play a distinctive role. Previous studies mainly aimed at making assistance systems as efficient as possible, reducing the possibility for errors (collisions) to a great extent. Due to this performance-oriented approach, however, former systems tend to take up the role of a strict supervisor, rather than that of a guide-like operator assistant. This research focuses on expanding the HAS’ contribution to the control loop by incorporating both the operator state and an additional assistance level into the system’s output behavior, thereby aiming to advance the systems in terms of user interaction and satisfaction. As a result, system efficiency will be maintained, while simultaneously sustaining the operator’s perceived level of control.
Adaptive Control for Deterministic Trajectory Tracking and Random Disturbance Rejection With Application to Nano-Precision Positioning of a Halbach Linear Motor
Authors: Wang Yigang , Chu Kevin C. , Tsao Tsu-Chin
Published: September 2010

In this paper, an adaptive control algorithm is proposed to track deterministic reference trajectories while minimizing output variance subject to both deterministic and random disturbances. The proposed algorithm contains two independent adaptive control actions. The first adaptive action tracks and rejects a set of unidentified deterministic signals using an internal model principle type controller with online adaptive frequency identification. Using a novel new implementation the IMP, the stability of the system can be ensured. The other adaptive action minimizes the output variance subject to random disturbance using an adaptive finite impulse response filter. By making use of the internal model control structure, the two adaptive control actions are decoupled in both design and implementation. The stability and performance of the proposed algorithm are analyzed and demonstrated by experimental results on a Halbach linear motor for nano-precision positioning.
Quantitative Indicators of Simulator Motion Cue Quality
Authors: Lleras Nicola´s Ochoa , Rodri´guez Carlos F.
Published: September 2010

The problem of motion simulation of real vehicles within a limited workspace has been an active field of research since the 1970’s, producing multiple solutions known as motion drive algorithms. This paper presents a new set of quantitative indicators that can be used to compare motion cues produced by different algorithms. These indicators are based on vestibular sensor response to motion. They serve as a direct link between motion cue errors and the overall quality of motion perception aboard the simulator. The use of the indicators is exposed through a computational experiment in which motion cues produced through a classical washout algorithm are compared to those produced by a controller based on the human centered approach. Finally, the advantages and future applications of the indicators are discussed.
A Novel Thermal Model for the Piston/Cylinder Interface of Piston Machines
Authors: Pelosi Matteo , Ivantysynova Monika
Published: September 2010

The lubricating gaps of piston machines represent the main source of energy dissipation. The lubricating gap in these machines has to fulfill a sealing and bearing function. Therefore the prediction of the gap flow, the load carrying ability and the energy dissipation is necessary. The paper discusses a novel fully coupled model for the determination of piston/cylinder gap behavior considering the contribution of solid parts temperature induced strain. In particular, the non-isothermal gap flow model considers the squeeze film effect due to the micro-motion of the moveable parts and simultaneously the change of fluid film thickness due to the elastic deformation of the solid bodies caused by the fluid pressure field and the parts temperature field. The determination of the temperature field inside the parts, by means of detailed finite volume models, allows for the first time to accurately predict solid parts thermal expansion, which is directly affecting the gap film thickness. Therefore, the novelty of the developed fully coupled fluid-structure-thermal interaction model is the integration of a finite element solver for the determination of surface thermo-elastic deformation in a dynamic non-isothermal fluid flow model. This will allow for the first time to solve the thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem under changing load conditions, considering the impact of several different physical phenomena.
DISTANCE AND SIMILARITY MEASURES FOR SOFT SETS
Authors: KHARAL ATHAR
Published: September 2010

In Ref. 7, the authors use matrix representation-based distances of soft sets to introduce matching function and distance-based similarity measures. We first give counterexamples to show that their Definition 2.7 and Lemma 3.5(3) contain errors, then improve their Lemma 4.4 making it a corollary of our result. The fundamental assumption of Ref. 7 has been shown to be flawed. This motivates us to introduce set operations-based measures. We present a case (Example 6.7) where Majumdar-Samanta similarity measure produces an erroneous result but the measure proposed here decides correctly. Several properties of the new measures have been presented and finally the new similarity measures have been applied to the problem of financial diagnosis of firms.
A CONSIDERATION OF DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF FUZZY COVERING RELATIONS
Authors: MORDESON JOHN N. , CLARK TERRY D. , GIBILISCO MICHAEL B. , CASEY PETER C.
Published: September 2010

Fuzzy spatial models map a substantial degree of preference indifference. It has been shown that different definitions of covering result in different elements in the uncovered set when preference indifference is present. We consider several of the most frequently used definitions of covering relations found in the literature. The first definition that we examine yields an uncovered set, some of the elements of which are not Pareto efficient. Given that there is no reason to expect a set of players comprising a majority to settle for a Pareto deficient outcome, the remainder of the paper considers the ability of alternative definitions to avoid such a result.
NMR Studies into the Potential Interactions of Fullerene C60 with Tetraphenylporphyrin and Some of Its Derivatives
Authors: Obondi C. , Rodriguez A. A.
Published: September 2010

1H NMR relaxation studies were employed to investigate potential interactions between C60 and tetraphenylporphyrin, H2[TPP], and parasubstituted tetraphenylporphyrins, H2[(p-X)4TPP], where X = CN and OCH3 in solution. The substituted porphyrins provided a means by which to investigate the role that electronic effects play in the interaction process. A comparison of the relaxation rates, R1, and correlation times, τC, of the pyrrole and phenyl hydrogens in these complexes, without and with the presence of C60, revealed that the introduction of C60 into solution did not have a noticeable effect on R1 and τC of these protons in H2[TPP], indicating the absence of long-term intermolecular interaction at either of these two sites. A similar analysis of the two protons in the other two substituted tetraphenylporphyrin analogs revealed slower molecular dynamics indicating the presence of intermolecular interactions. Stronger interactions were observed in H2[(p-OCH3)4TPP] indicating that the electron-donating abilities of the -OCH3 group promote the interaction process. Our results indicate that it is very likely that enhanced selectivity in the chemical purifications of fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be achieved by employing tetraphenylporphyrin-silica stationary phases which have been modified with electron-donating groups.
New Casemix Classification as an Alternative Method for Budget Allocation in Thai Oral Healthcare Service: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wisaijohn Thunthita , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Lapying Phenkhae , Itthichaisri Chumpot , Pannarunothai Supasit , Igarashi Isao , Kawabuchi Koichi
Published: September 2010

This study aimed to develop a new casemix classification system as an alternative method for the budget allocation of oral healthcare service (OHCS). Initially, the International Statistical of Diseases and Related Health Problem, 10th revision, Thai Modification (ICD-10-TM) related to OHCS was used for developing the software “Grouper”. This model was designed to allow the translation of dental procedures into eight-digit codes. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the factors used for developing the model and the resource consumption. Furthermore, the coefficient of variance, reduction in variance, and relative weight (RW) were applied to test the validity. The results demonstrated that 1,624 OHCS classifications, according to the diagnoses and the procedures performed, showed high homogeneity within groups and heterogeneity between groups. Moreover, the RW of the OHCS could be used to predict and control the production costs. In conclusion, this new OHCS casemix classification has a potential use in a global decision making.
Strong Convergence Theorems of Viscosity Iterative Methods for a Countable Family of Strict Pseudo-contractions in Banach Spaces
Authors: Wangkeeree Rabian , Kamraksa Uthai
Published: September 2010

For a countable family "Equation missing" of strictly pseudo-contractions, a strong convergence of viscosity iteration is shown in order to find a common fixed point of "Equation missing" in either a p-uniformly convex Banach space which admits a weakly continuous duality mapping or a p-uniformly convex Banach space with uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. As applications, at the end of the paper we apply our results to the problem of finding a zero of accretive operators. The main result extends various results existing in the current literature.
Analytic Solution of Steady Three‐Dimensional Problem of Condensation Film on Inclined Rotating Disk by Differential Transform Method
Authors: Rashidi Mohammad Mehdi , Mohimanian pour Seyyed Amin
Published: September 2010

The differential transform method (DTM) is applied to the steady three‐dimensional problem of a condensation film on an inclined rotating disk. With similarity method, the governing equations can be reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The approximate solutions of these equations are obtained in the form of series with easily computable terms. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown and the influence of Prandtl number on the temperature profiles is discussed in detail. The validity of our solutions is verified by the numerical results.
Evaluation of Three New Strategies to Fight Obesity in Families
Authors: Luley C. , Blaik A. , Aronica S. , Dierkes J. , Kropf S. , Westphal S.
Published: September 2010

Aims. To evaluate 3 strategies to reduce weight in obese families.Research design and methods. 142 obese parents and 119 obese children kept a fat-calorie restriction diet. On top of this diet, the families were randomized in a three-factorial design to one or more of three weight-loss strategies: (1) an additional diet preferring carbohydrates having a low glycemic index (dual diet), (2) financial incentive, and (3) telemonitoring of weight and physical activity.Results. All children improved their BMI-SDS by0.18±0.25(P<.001) independently of the weight-loss strategy. In parents, relative losses of weight (kg) were−6.4% versus−4.0% for dual diet versus calorie restriction (P=.029),−6.9% versus−3.4% for with or without financial incentive (P=.002), and−8.0% versus−4.8% for with or without telemonitoring (P=.033). The weight loss after financial incentive plus dual diet plus telemonitoring was−14.4%.Conclusions. All strategies were effective in adults, in particular when combined. Children improved their BMI-SDS regardless of the strategy.
Regular and Irregular Sampling Theorem for Multiwavelet Subspaces
Authors: Zhanwei Liu , Guoen Hu , Guochang Wu
Published: September 2010

We study the sampling theorem for frames in multiwavelet subspaces. Firstly,
a sufficient condition under which the regular sampling theorem holds is established. Then, notice that
irregular sampling is also useful in practice; we consider the general cases of the irregular sampling
and establish a general irregular sampling theorem for multiwavelet subspaces. Finally, using this
generalized irregular sampling theorem, we obtain an estimate for the perturbations of regular sampling
in shift‐invariant spaces.
Strong Convergence of a Generalized Iterative Method for Semigroups of Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Piri Husain , Vaezi Hamid
Published: September 2010

Using "Equation missing"-strongly accretive and "Equation missing"-strictly pseudocontractive mapping, we introduce a general iterative method for finding a common fixed point of a semigroup of non-expansive mappings in a Hilbert space, with respect to a sequence of left regular means defined on an appropriate space of bounded real-valued functions of the semigroup. We prove the strong convergence of the proposed iterative algorithm to the unique solution of a variational inequality.
Extreme Points and Rotundity in Musielak‐Orlicz‐Bochner Function Spaces Endowed with Orlicz Norm
Authors: Shang Shaoqiang , Cui Yunan , Fu Yongqiang
Published: September 2010

The criteria for extreme point and rotundity of Musielak‐Orlicz‐Bochner
function spaces equipped with Orlicz norm are given. Although criteria for
extreme point of Musielak‐Orlicz function spaces equipped with the Orlicz
norm were known, we can easily deduce them from our main results.
A Bayesian Generative Model for Surface Template Estimation
Authors: Ma Jun , Miller Michael I. , Younes Laurent
Published: September 2010

3D surfaces are important geometric models for many objects of interest in image analysis and Computational Anatomy. In this paper, we describe a Bayesian inference scheme for estimating a template surface from a set of observed surface data. In order to achieve this, we use the geodesic shooting approach to construct a statistical model for the generation and the observations of random surfaces. We develop a mode approximation EM algorithm to infer the maximum a posteriori estimation of initial momentum μ, which determines the template surface. Experimental results of caudate, thalamus, and hippocampus data are presented.
Diameter Tuning of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Diffusion Plasma CVD
Authors: Kato Toshiaki , Kuroda Shunsuke , Hatakeyama Rikizo
Published: September 2010

We have realized a diameter tuning of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by adjusting process gas pressures with plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Detailed photoluminescence measurements reveal that the diameter distribution of SWNTs clearly shifts to a large-diameter region with an increase in the pressure during plasma CVD, which is also confirmed by Raman scattering spectroscopy. Based on the systematical investigation, it is found that the main diameter of SWNTs is determined by the pressure during the heating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and the diameter distribution is narrowed by adjusting the pressure during the plasma generation. Our results could contribute to an application of SWNTs to high-performance thin-film transistors, which requires the diameter-controlled semiconductor-rich SWNTs.
Statistical and Dynamical Decoupling of the IGM from Dark Matter
Authors: Fang Li-Zhi , Zhu Weishan
Published: September 2010

Although the gravitational field in the universe is dominated by dark matter, cosmological observations show that the statistical properties of cosmic baryonic matter are significantly and systematically decoupled from that of the underlying dark matter. The dynamical reason of the decoupling is the difference of the nonlinear evolution of baryon fluid from that of collisionless dark matter. In highly nonlinear regime, the cosmic baryon fluid on scale free range evolves into the state of fully developed turbulence, of which the velocity field consists of shocks, vortices and complex structures. This scenario provides a coherent explanation of various phenomena referring to the statistical and dynamical decoupling of the IGM from dark matter.
Application of Flow Focusing to the Break-Up of a Magnetite Suspension Jet for the Production of Paramagnetic Microparticles
Authors: Martín-Banderas Lucía , González-Prieto Román , Rodríguez-Gil Alfonso , Fernández-Arévalo Mercedes , Flores-Mosquera María , Chávez Sebastián , Gañán-Calvo Alfonso M.
Published: September 2010

Paramagnetic particles offer an extensive improvement in the magnetic separation or purification of a wide variety of protein molecules. Most commercial paramagnetic particles are synthesized by laborious and costly procedures. A straightforward production of paramagnetic microparticles with homogeneous and selectable sizes using flow focusing (FF) technology is described in this work. The development of an initial formulation of a stable iron oxide suspension compatible with the FF requirements is also reported. The obtained particles, below 10 microns in diameter and presenting smooth and reactive surface, were codified with an organic fluorophore and showed excellent properties for covalent attachment of biomolecules such as proteins and its subsequent recognition by flow cytometry. Furthermore, particles with suitable magnetite content resulted as well-suited for commercial magnet separators for these purposes.
Application of General Circulation Models to Assess the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Potential Distribution and Relative Abundance ofMelanoplus sanguinipes(Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in North America
Authors: Olfert O. , Weiss R. M. , Kriticos D.
Published: September 2010

Climate is the dominant factor determining the distribution and abundance of most insect species. In recent years, the issue of climatic changes caused by human activities and the effects on agriculture has raised concern. General circulation model scenarios were applied to a bioclimatic model ofMelanoplus sanguinipesto assess the potential impact of global warming on its distribution and relative abundance. Native to North America and widely distributed,M. sanguinipesis one of the grasshopper species of the continent most responsible for economic damage to grain, oilseed, pulse, and forage crops. Compared to predicted range and distribution under current climate conditions, model results indicated thatM. sanguinipeswould have increased range and relative abundance under the three general circulation model scenarios in more northern regions of North America. Conversely, model output predicted that the range of this crop pest could contract in regions where climate conditions became limiting.
An Intact Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, but Not the Subzona Incerta or Reuniens Nucleus, Is Necessary for Short-Day Melatonin Signal-Induced Responses in Siberian Hamsters
Authors: Leitner Claudia , Bartness Timothy J.
Published: September 2010

Siberian hamsters provide a useful model to define mechanisms underlying obesity reversal as they naturally transition from their extreme seasonal obesity in long ‘summer-like’ days (LDs) to a leaner state in short ‘winter-like’ days (SDs). These day length changes are coded into durational melatonin (MEL) signals by the pineal gland resulting in stimulation of MEL receptors (MEL1a-Rs). MEL1a-R mRNA is colocalized centrally in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow neurons comprising a chain of neurons that ultimately innervates white adipose tissue (WAT). Neural components in this circuit include the subzona incerta (subZI), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and thalamic reuniens nucleus (ReN). SD, long-duration MEL signals induce gonadal regression and increase WAT SNS drive triggering lipolysis and thereby reversing LD obesity. We attempted to block the reversal of SD MEL signal-induced obesity by making electrolytic or sham lesions of the subZI, ReN or DMH in LD-housed hamsters. To create SD-like, long-duration MEL signals, we injected MEL 3 h before lights out, thereby lengthening the naturally occurring nocturnal duration of circulating MEL. ReN and subZI lesions did not block SD-like MEL signal-induced decreases in body, WAT, testicular masses or food intake; by contrast, DMH lesions blocked decreases in WAT and testicular mass. This nonresponsiveness was not due to lesion-induced inappropriate nocturnal LD MEL secretion that would have altered our creation of SD-like signals. Therefore, the DMH appears to participate in the control of both SD energy and reproductive responses, and joins the suprachiasmatic nucleus as sites necessary for SD responses in this species.
Validation of Biochemical Markers for the Prediction of Liver Fibrosis and Necroinflammatory Activity in Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Canbakan Mustafa , Senturk Hakan , Canbakan Billur , Toptas Tayfur , Tabak Omur , Ozaras Resat , Tabak Fehmi , Balcı Huriye , Sut Necdet , Ozbay Gulsen
Published: September 2010

Background: Liver biopsy is an imperfect gold standard for assessing the disease severity in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C. Our purpose was to compare the accuracy of the FibroTest (FT) and ActiTest (AT) with liver biopsy and the AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in determining hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods: The FT-AT index combining 6 biochemical markers was assessed in 33 hemodialysis patients with HCV. Liver fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity was staged and graded according to the METAVIR scoring system. Results: The accuracy of FT-AT versus biopsy was 0.46 for significant fibrosis and 0.36 for severe necroinflammatory activity. The FT index had a positive predictive value of 20% for scores greater than 0.6 and a negative predictive value of 45% for scores less than 0.2. Eleven of the 33 patients had scores ≤0.2, 6 had significant fibrosis on biopsy. Four out of 5 patients with FT scores >0.6 had mild fibrosis. APRI correlated well with the biopsy. Conclusion: The FT-AT test does not seem to be a reliable noninvasive marker for the prediction of necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with HCV and cannot be used as an alternative to either liver biopsy or APRI.
The Past and Future of War
Authors: Lebow Richard Ned
Published: September 2010

An original data set of wars from 1648 to the present indicates that security and material interest are rarely the principal motives for war for rising, great or dominant powers. These states far more often go to war for reasons of standing. The empirical evidence offers no support for power transition, balance of power, Marxist or rationalist theories of war. The frequency of war between and among rising, great and dominant powers is likely to decline precipitously because the most important motives for war in the past — standing, security, revenge, material interests and domestic politics — are, for the most part, no longer served effectively by war. Changes in ideas, not changes in material conditions, are primarily responsible for this transformation.
Fading Glories? India’s Relations with Western Europe and Russia
Authors: Brunatti Andrew D. , Malone David M.
Published: September 2010

This article examines India’s relations with Western Europe and Russia, both regions which have seen their historic influence with India lessened by the rise of the United States and China as Indian foreign policy priorities. The article argues that mutual interests in innovation, defence and energy still drive the relationships, and explores India’s continuing preference for bilateralism in its dealings with both regions, particularly Western Europe. The article concludes that, while Indo-European and Indo-Russian relations are currently in a gentle decline and will be influenced by responses to domestic and regional challenges, both relationships still have genuine bilateral interests which will continue to provide the foundation for future initiatives.
Power, Responsibility and Wisdom
Authors: Lloyd Bruce
Published: September 2010

The objective is simple: ‘Better decision making’. The only issue is that there are so many different views over what we mean by ‘better’. At the core of all decision making is the need to balance power with responsibility, as the vehicle for resolving the ‘better’ question. This article explores why that is so difficult. It also argues that exploring the concept of ‘wisdom’ can provide invaluable insights into how to achieve the most effective balance between power and responsibility, which is central to what our values mean in practice, as well as how we incorporate ethics into our decision making. The article argues that wisdom is a very practical body of knowledge (/information) that has an incredibly useful contribution to help us understand the world we live in.
In Favour of Ethics in Business
Authors: Upadhyay Yogesh , Singh Shiv Kumar
Published: September 2010

An increasing number of large corporations find themselves caught between two seemingly contradictory goals: satisfying investors’ expectations for progressive earnings’ growth and the stakeholders’ growing demand for ethical conduct. There is an increasing realization across geographies concerning the growing relevance of resolving this issue. The present article is a tool kit for business organizations who want to become ethically fit. The article exhibits the dilemma faced by the corporate world regarding embracing ethics in business. It attempts to establish with the help of some empirical findings that on a broader canvas ethical conduct is contributory towards the bottom line growth. It also suggests that to evaluate the performance of a business the frame of reference has to be changed. Further, it offers tangible suggestions as to what business corporations ought to do in order to get ethically fit.
EVI-1 oncogene expression predicts survival in chronic-phase CML patients resistant to imatinib treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Daghistani Mustafa , Marin David , Khorashad Jamshid Sorouri , Wang Lihui , May Philippa C. , Paliompeis Christos , Milojkovic Dragana , De Melo Valeria A. , Gerrard Gareth , Goldman John M. , Apperley Jane F. , Clark Richard E. , Foroni Letizia , Reid Alistair G.
Published: September 2010

Activation of the EVI-1 oncogene has been reported in acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis, and less commonly, in chronic-phase CML patients. We screened an unselected cohort of 75 chronic-phase CML patients who had failed imatinib for expression of EVI-1 and sought a correlation with subsequent outcome on the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors dasatinib (n = 61) or nilotinib (n = 14). The 8 patients (10.7%) who expressed EVI-1 transcripts detectable by real-time polymerase chain reaction had significantly lower event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival than patients with undetectable transcript. The predictive value of EVI-1 expression was validated in an independent cohort. In a multivariate analysis, EVI-1 expression status and the best cytogenetic response obtained on imatinib were the only independent predictors for overall survival, progression-free survival, and event-free survival. Our data suggest that screening for EVI-1 expression at the time of imatinib failure may predict for response to second-line TKI therapy and consequently aid clinical management.
Overview of the Mechanistic Work on the Concerted Metallation–Deprotonation Pathway
Authors: Lapointe David , Fagnou Keith
Published: September 2010

The cleavage of aromatic C–H bonds promoted by a metal and an intramolecular base has been described over 50 years ago. Herein, discussion of selected mechanistic studies of this transformation will be presented. The basic ligand on the metal was proven to play a pivotal role in the C–H bond cleavage step and evidence of a single operative concerted metallation–deprotonation mechanism unifies the different mechanistic studies.
High-grafted Surface Modification of Silica Gel Particles with Urushiol
Authors: Xia Jianrong , Lin Jinhuo , Xu Yanlian
Published: September 2010

A facile method for high-grafted surface modification of silica gel particles was developed in this paper. Silica gel was obtained by traditional avenue and then reacted with urushiol (Chinese lacquer). The obtained product was characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, TGA, SEM, and EDX. The results suggested that the reaction occurred between silica and urushiol and that the grafting ratio added up to 15.35 ± 0.05 wt %. The result of EDX demonstrated that the urushiol moieties were mainly on the surface of silica particles. Additionally, the as-prepared silica particles had good dispersion.
Combination of an Aptamer Probe to CD4 and Antibodies for Multicolored Cell Phenotyping
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhao Nianxi , Zeng Zihua , Chang Chung-Che , Zu Youli
Published: September 2010

Aptamers have emerged as a new class of small molecule ligands. These short, single-stranded oligonucleotides can be produced through simple chemical synthesis, making them easier and less costly to produce than antibodies. We synthesized an RNA aptamer probe specific for human CD4 using a reported sequence and investigated the potential use of this probe in cell phenotyping. Studies in cultured cells demonstrated that the synthetic CD4 aptamer had a nearly identical cell-binding specificity as the standard CD4 antibody. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed that the aptamer and antibody generated the same CD4 staining pattern in cells without competing with one another. Multicolored flow cytometry analysis revealed that the CD4 aptamer could be combined with antibodies to phenotype cells from bone marrow, lymph nodes, and pleural fluid, suggesting that the aptamer probe has value for clinical use.
Accuracy of Platelet Counting by Automated Hematologic Analyzers in Acute Leukemia and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Kim Seon Young , Kim Ji-Eun , Kim Hyun Kyung , Han Kyou-Sup , Toh Cheng Hock
Published: September 2010

Platelet counting in patients with acute leukemia or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may have a risk for erroneous counts owing to the presence of nonplatelet particles or platelet activation. We evaluated automated platelet counting methods using the Abbott Cell-Dyn Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics, Santa Clara, CA), Sysmex XE-2100 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), ADVIA 2120 (Siemens Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY), and Beckman Coulter LH 750 (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL) compared with the international reference method (IRM). Automated platelet counting methods were inaccurate compared with the IRM, without evidence of interfering nonplatelet particles. It is interesting that platelet activation markers were associated with DIC severity and erroneous platelet counting, suggesting that platelet activation is a potential source of inaccuracy. Furthermore, the artifactual in vitro platelet activation induced a high degree of intermethod variation in platelet counts. The inaccuracy of automated platelet counts increased the risk for misdiagnosis of DIC. More attention needs to be given to the accuracy of platelet counts, especially in clinical conditions with florid platelet activation.