CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DISORDER OF THE THYROID GLAND, OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT IN THE FEMALE GENDER
Authors: BEADINI Albulena , AMETI Irfan , ELEZI Adelina , BEADINI Albin , NAZIFI Avdi , ZIBERI Egzona 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The thyroid gland is the endocrine gland responsible for the production of thyroid hormones, a regulator of growth, development and basal metabolic rate of the organism. It also has a wide range of physiological effects on the organism such as: general thermogenesis, physiological metabolic effects, growth and developmental features and when these parameters move up and down they lead to acute or chronic pathology. Pathologies of the thyroid gland are very frequent diseases in our country, especially in the female gender. As far as diseases are concerned, when we have iodine deficiency, imbalance of thyroid hormone values such as an increase that leads to hyperthyroidism or a decrease in values that leads to hypothyroidism, other diseases such as Hashimoto's, Graves etc. Obesity is a state of metabolic disorders, sometimes considered a disease in which excess body fat is accumulated to such an extent that it can negatively affect human health. Obesity is related to the function of the thyroid gland and this metabolic disorders is a very frequently in reproductive female. Body BMI is measured with a metric formula where body weight (in kg) divided by body height (in m2) set to the square power gives us the body index-BMI (%) measure. Purpose of the study: This paper aims to investigate the correlation of thyroid gland disorders and hormonal imbalance with the phenomenon of body weight as the main causes of this metabolic disease . Material and method: The research will take a total of 80 patients, they will be divided by gender and age groups into three categories. The first group will include patients from: 15 to 20 years, the second group from: 21 to 50 years and the third group from: 51 to 70 years. From the patients included in the research, blood samples will be taken and the hormones will be analyzed: TSH, FT4, FT3 also BMI will be measured. The data will be processed with serum and will be analyzed by means of the modern automatic method enzyme Fluorescent Immunoassay (Biomerie). The BMI of the body will be measured with a metric formula where the weight of the patient (in kg) divided by the height of the patient (in m2) set to the square power will give us the measure of body index-BMI (%). SPSS – Software package version 20.0 Numerical series were analyzed using central tendency measures (average, median, minimum values, maximum values), as well as distribution measures (standard deviation); To determine the regularity of the frequency distribution of the examined variables, the Shapiro-Wilk W Test was used; Non-parametric tests for two independent parameters were used to test the significance and difference between some numerical parameters with irregular frequency distribution (Mann Whitney U test); To determine statistical significance, a two-way analysis was used with a significance level (means) of p<0.05. Research results: Endocrine disorders are more frequent and appear faster in the thyroid gland. Statistics show that there are millions of people affected by these metabolic syndrome problems. The results of the research will give a real insight into the function of the thyroid gland, the state of the level of hormonal status and the impact of metabolic syndrome of BMI, which can lead to hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorder. Conclusion: From the analyzes performed on patients of different age groups and genders, we come to the conclusion that: • Hormonal disorders of the thyroid gland can be the main cause of the BMI factor, • The correlation of thyroid hormone status and metabolic status are in continuous correlation with obesity, overweight, infertility, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. • These changes of the thyroid gland and the BMI can have negative consequences for human health such as in osteoporosis and electrolytes imbalance.