bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Railway Road Bridge in Novi Sad – Design and Erection
Authors: Bojovic Aleksandar , Mora Munoz Antonio , Marković Zlatko , Aleksic Dimitrije , Pavlović Marko , Spremic Milan
Published: December 2014

The bridge is situated on the major international electrified railroad line No 2 (Belgrade-Budapest) and designed for to railway tracks (160 km/h), two road lanes and two footpaths, with the total width of 31,5 m. The bridge structure consists of four structures: two approach composite bridges at the banks and two steel tied network arch bridges over the river. The spans are 27,0 +177,0 + 3,0 + 219,0 + 48,0 m, totally 474,0 m in length. The heights of arches are 34,0 m and 42,0 m respectively. The arches and ties, as well as the girders of the approach spans, are steel box girders. The decks of the arch bridges are the composite reinforced concrete slabs with thickness of 300 mm. The launching itself is very complex and unique, in both analysis and construction. The arch bridges are fully assembled on the banks and launched by platforms and skids over the bank and by barges over the river, to the final position on piers.
Observability Method for Structural System Identification
Authors: Lozano-Galant Jose , Castillo Enrique , Nogal Maria , Turmo José
Published: December 2014

The structural response of any structure is traditionally predicted by simplistic physics-based models. In these models the mechanical and geometrical properties are assumed as known. Nevertheless, this is not the case in most actual structures where the values of the actual properties (such as axial or flexural stiffness) are unknown due to uncertainties in the materials, in the construction methods or in the stress state. In some cases, a calibration of the computer models is required to improve de accuracy of the predicted structural response. To carry out this task Structural System Identification (SSI) methods can be used.

In this paper, a new parametric method for SSI from static excitation response is proposed. This method is based on the observability of the structure, understanding as such the problem of identifying which is the subset of characteristics of the structure, such as Young’s modulus, area, inertia, and/or products of them (axial or ﬂexural stiffnesses) that may be uniquely determined when a subset of deﬂections and forces at nodes is provided. This method has lead to the development of a powerful mathematical tool to deal efficiently with polynomial systems of equations with a number of applications in many fields of science and engineering.

To illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, the analysis of the SSI of two structures of growing complexity is presented.
Concrete Strength Development Monitoring Technique for Automatic Construction Management of Nuclear Power plants
Authors: Kim Junkyeong , Kim Ju-Won , Lee Changgil , Park Seunghee
Published: December 2014

Recently, demands for the construction of nuclear power plants(NPP) using high strength concrete(HSC) has been increased. However, HSC might be susceptible to brittle fracture if the curing process is inadequate. To prevent unexpected collapse during and after the construction of HSC structures, it is essential to confirm the strength development of HSC during the curing process. In this study, a novel method to estimate the strength development of HSC based on internal harmonic wave measurements using an embedded piezoelectric sensor is proposed. The amplitude of propagated harmonic wave along the concrete media was tracked to monitor the strength development of NPP concrete. In addition, the strength estimation equation was derived using regression method. The results confirmed that the proposed technique can be applied successfully monitoring of the strength development during the curing process of HSC structures.
A novel approach in the life cycle assessment of engineering structures
Authors: Santos Pedro , Santos Filipe
Published: December 2014

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is fundamental for the assessment of the behavior of existing and new structures under service conditions. It is most suitable to identify the initiation of deterioration and to validate design hypothesis such as load distribution paths, bond between materials, composite action between precast members and cast-in-place parts, among others.

The proper characterization of a structure requires the knowledge of the main events that occurred in the past, namely, climatic and load history. This is an almost impossible task to be performed in existing structures since records do not exist. Nevertheless, it can be easily implemented in newly structures.

This paper presents a new low cost SHM system developed by VESAM. The concept of a structural identification card is also disclosed and typical applications illustrated. Based on this approach, it is possible to preview in advance the initiation of deterioration, reducing the maintenance costs and extending the structure lifetime. Therefore, a predictive maintenance approach is promoted.
Damage identification and monitoring of bridges using measured natural frequencies
Authors: Mekjavic Ivana , Damjanović Domagoj
Published: December 2014

This paper presents an approach for the structural damage identification using only the changes of measured natural frequencies. The structural damage is characterized by a local decrease of stiffness and assumed to be associated with a reduction of a contribution to the element stiffness matrix, equivalent to a scalar reduction of the material modulus. A computational procedure for the direct iteration technique based on the non-linear perturbation theory is proposed to identify structural damage. The presented damage identification method is applied to the footbridge over the Slunjcica River near Slunj to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Using a limited number of measured natural frequencies, reduction in the stiffness of up to 100% at multiple sites is detected.
Clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and management of noncentral nervous system cancer‐related cognitive impairment in adults
Authors: Wefel Jeffrey S. , Kesler Shelli R. , Noll Kyle R. , Schagen Sanne B.
Published: December 2014

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Over the past few decades, a body of research has emerged confirming what many adult patients with noncentral nervous system cancer have long reported—that cancer and its treatment are frequently associated with cancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI). The severity of CRCI varies, and symptoms can emerge early or late in the disease course. Nonetheless, CRCI is typically mild to moderate in nature and primarily involves the domains of memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. Animal models and novel neuroimaging techniques have begun to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying CRCI, including the role of inflammatory cascades, direct neurotoxic effects, damage to progenitor cells, white matter abnormalities, and reduced functional connectivity, among others. Given the paucity of research on CRCI with other cancer populations, this review synthesizes the current literature with a deliberate focus on CRCI within the context of breast cancer. A hypothetical case‐study approach is used to illustrate how CRCI often presents clinically and how current science can inform practice. While the literature regarding intervention for CRCI is nascent, behavioral and pharmacologic approaches are discussed. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65: 123–138. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of Drug Use Patterns of Out Patient Attendees in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Dermatology and Venereology Department as a Tool to Promote Rational Prescribing
Authors: Noor Nushrat , Uddin Md Jamal , Afsan Mohammad , Akhter Hafiza , Kabir Farhana
Published: December 2014

Background: Drug utilization studies are pre requisite for the formulation of drug policies. They offer useful methods for teaching and training in drug therapy and also identify the problems that arise from drug usage in healthcare delivery system and highlight the current approaches to the rational use of medicines. Objectives: The main objective of the prescription audit or evaluation was to measures for improving the prescription practices and to generate information on the core prescribing indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Dermatology & Venereology in a tertiary care private hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh in between January and March2012. A total of 300 prescriptions were obtained with the help of a pre-inserted carbon paper in a special format using WHO core prescribing indicators. Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.8 and no single drug was prescribed by generic name. Use of antibiotic (56% of encounters) was frequent, but injection use (2.67% of encounters) was within the recommendation of WHO. The use of fixed drug combinations (FDCs) was 15.28% of prescribed drugs. Only 22.08% drugs were prescribed from national essential medicine list. Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed a trend towards inappropriate prescribing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21158 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 04-09
Comparison of fiber-reinforced composite crowns and metal ceramic crowns according to attrition of opposing teeth
Authors: Hassan Tareq , Aurangjeb AM
Published: December 2014

Back ground: Fiber reinforcement was introduced to clinical dentistry for the first time in the 1960s when investigators attempted to reinforce polymethyl- methacrylate dentures with glass or carbon fibers. It has recently been shown that crowns, bridges and posts made of FRC can be used successfully in dental practice and they are esthetically more acceptable than conventional metal ceramic crown. Aims: A prospective comparative cross-sectional study was performed involving 60 patients who attended in the out patients department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU during the period of January 2007 to December 2008. Objective: Compare fiber-reinforced composite crowns and metal ceramic crowns according to attrition of opposing teeth. Methods: Clinical data were recorded from the randomly selected 60 patients divided in to tow groups experimental and control. Attrition of opposing teeth was indexed after California Dental Associations quality evaluation system. Results: In group A patients, 12(40.0%) were male and 18(60.0%) female. In group B patients 14(46.7%) were male and 16(53.3%) were female. All the patients were in grade I in both groups after 4 months. After 8 months all patients were in grade I in group A and 29(96.7%) patients were in grade I in group B. After 12 months all patients were in grade I in group A and 28(93.3%) patients were in grade I in group B. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) in chi square test. Conclusion: The Fiber Reinforced Composite crown represents a valuable development in field of Prosthetic Dentistry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21161 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 21-26
Prosthetic rehabilitation of oligodontia in a child: a case report
Authors: Ahmed Rubaba , Rayhanb Md Ashik , Khan Atiquzzaman , Rahman Md Masudur
Published: December 2014

Oligodontia is a developmental dental anomaly. It is either an isolated trait or part of a syndrome. Oligodontia is characterized by the congenital absence of more than six permanent teeth except the third molars. In this presented case, the treatment plan aimed at psychological, esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the patient who was suffering from oligodontia. After taking a thorough medical and dental history, clinical and radiological examination, the patient was treated with a removable partial denture in the maxillary arch, while a complete denture was made in the mandibular arch. The patients esthetics was greatly improved and early functional rehabilitation of the patient was done. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21167 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 38-43
Management of Juvenile Temporo-mandibular Joint Ankylosis by Gap Arthoplasty
Authors: Mishu S Mahmud , Hasan Md Nazmul , Hossain Ali , Jabbar Shahiqul
Published: December 2014

Bony ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a male patient was not diagnosed until the patient reached his early teens, at which time the condition was treated with a costochondral graft. At the time of treatment, there was an expectation that further orthognathic surgery would be required to correct the skeletal deformity. However, with the release of the ankylosis and growth of the costochondral graft, a good functional and esthetic result was achieved without further surgery. It is important that family dentists be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ ankylosis, to allow early diagnosis and treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21172 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 44-48
Management of Cracked tooth syndrome: A case Report
Authors: Shikdera AHM Zakir Hossain , Quader SM Abdul , Chowdhury Shirin Sultana , Begum Ferdousi , Hasan Md Nazmul
Published: December 2014

Cracked tooth is a distinct type of longitudinal tooth fracture which occurs very commonly and its diagnosis can be challenging. This type of fracture tends to grow and change over time. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because the signs and symptoms are variable or nonspecific and may even resemble post-treatment disease following root canal treatment or periodontal disease. This variety and unpredictability make the cracked tooth a challenging diagnostic entity. In this paper we present a case of cracked tooth and emphasise on the timely proper diagnosis and management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21176 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 53-58
The Healing Power of Play: Therapeutic Work with Chronically Neglected and Abused Children
Authors: Brown Fraser
Published: December 2014

This article concerns a therapeutic intervention with a group of abandoned children living in a Romanian pediatric hospital. The children, ranging in age from one to ten years old, had suffered chronic neglect and abuse. They had previously spent most of their lives tied in the same cot in the same hospital ward. They were poorly fed and their nappies were rarely changed. Although able to see and hear the other abused children, they experienced little in the way of social interaction. The article focuses on the play-based methods that were employed to aid the children’s recovery, while at the same time highlighting the general benefits of this very specific therapeutic approach to children’s recovery and development. In particular, there is an exploration of concepts such as symbolic representation, negative capability, joining, and the significance of play cues. However, despite the clear value of these individually focused techniques, the article proposes the tentative hypothesis that the most powerful healing factor was the unfettered playful interaction between the children themselves. In other words, the children in a very real sense may have healed each other while playing.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for the Texture Analysis of Cubic System Materials Derived by the Maximum Entropy Principle
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Wang Dazhi , Wu Baolin , Wang Fu , Liang Zhide
Published: December 2014

Based on the principle of maximum entropy method (MEM) for quantitative texture analysis, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm was effectively introduced. Using a DE-optimized algorithm with a faster but more stable convergence rate of iteration reliable complete orientation distributions (C-ODF) have been obtained for deep-drawn IF steel sheets and the recrystallized aluminum foils after cold-rolling, which are designated as showing a macroscopic cubic-orthogonal symmetry. With special reference to the data processing, no more other assumptions are required for DE-optimized MEM except that the system entropy approach the maximum.
Counseling Role of Primary Care Physicians in Preventing Early Childhood Caries in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Liu Zifeng , Yu Dongsheng , Zhou Lijie , Yang Jing , Lu Jiaxuan , Lu Hui , Zhao Wei
Published: December 2014

The dental health of preschool children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is usually poor, which may contribute to the development of infective endocarditis (IE). Primary care physicians play an important role in providing access to preventive dental services, particularly for preschool children. The object of this study was to provide epidemiologic evidence for the impact of primary care physicians’ (PCP’s) counseling role on early childhood caries in children with CHD in Guangzhou, China, which might guide future caries prevention to decrease the risk of IE in children with CHD. A hospital-based, case-control study was performed, which contained 100 children with newly diagnosed early childhood caries and 100 matched (sex and age) children without dental caries. All of the subjects were diagnosed with CHD at birth and recruited from Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from 2012 through 2013. A conditional multivariate logistic-regression model was used to assess the associations between PCPs’ role and early childhood caries with a significance level of 5%. Our findings revealed that mother’s education level (OR = 0.36, CL = 0.14–0.92) and knowledge, being educated on the relationship between CHD and infective endocarditis (OR = 0.48, CL = 0.25–0.94) and the impact of oral health on infective endocarditis (OR = 0.37, CL = 0.18–0.79) by the PCP were associated with early childhood caries. PCPs played an important role in preventing early childhood caries among preschool children with CHD in Guangzhou, China.
Assessment of Sex-Related Behaviours, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Knowledge and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Men of Reproductive Age in Cameroon
Authors: Oyekale Abayomi
Published: December 2014

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are among the major public health challenges in Cameroon. This paper determined the effect of men’s sex-related behaviors and HIV knowledge on reported STIs. The data came from the 2012 Cameroon’s Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) that were collected from 7191 respondents in 2012. Descriptive and logistic regression methods were used for data analysis. Results showed that majority of the respondents were aware of STIs and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), while 3.96% reported STIs. Also, 49.45% of the men had no wife, while 75.58% and 84.58% noted that condoms and keeping of one partner could be used to prevent HIV transmission, respectively. Wrong impressions that mosquito bites and sharing of food could lead to HIV infection were held by 31.94% and 12.44% of the men, respectively. Among those that reported STIs, 33.33%, 30.18% and 13.33% respectively used condom during sex with most recent partner, second to most recent partner and third to most recent partner, compared to 24.69%, 15.04% and 4.17% among those that did not report STIs. Logistic regression results showed that probability of STI increased significantly (p < 0.05) with condom use with third most recent partners, being married, wrong knowledge that mosquito bites cause HIV and being away for more than one month, while it significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with number of children, knowledge that having one partner prevents STIs. It was concluded that policy initiatives and programmes to enhance right sexual knowledge and behavior among men would go a long way in reducing STI incidence in Cameroon.
Hydrolysate from Eggshell Membrane Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Shi Yaning , Rupa Prithy , Jiang Bo , Mine Yoshinori
Published: December 2014

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprises of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Cohn’s disease (CD) as two main idiopathic pathologies resulting in immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory conditions. Several bioactive peptides and hydro lysates from natural sources have now been tested in animal models of human diseases for potential anti-inflammatory effects. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a well-known natural bioactive material. In this study, we aim to study the anti-inflammatory activity of ESM hydro lysate (AL-PS) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, AL-PS was shown to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 secretion. In vivo treatment with AL-PS was shown to reduce dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced weight loss, clinical signs of colitis and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05). In addition, treatment with AL-PS also attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation via down-regulation of IL-10 an anti-inflammatory cytokine. This validates potential benefits of AL-PS as a novel preventative target molecule for treatment of IBD.
Regulated Necrosis in HeLa Cells Induced by ZnPc Photodynamic Treatment: A New Nuclear Morphology
Authors: Soriano Jorge , Villanueva Angeles , Stockert Juan , Cañete Magdalena
Published: December 2014

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS), which accumulates preferentially in tumor cells. Subsequent irradiation of the neoplastic area triggers a cascade of photochemical reactions that leads to the formation of highly reactive oxygen species responsible for cell inactivation. Photodynamic treatments in vitro are performed with the PS, zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The PS is near the plasma membrane during uptake and internalization. Inactivation clearly occurs by a necrotic process, manifested by nuclear pyknosis, negative TUNEL and Annexin V assays and non-relocation of cytochrome c. In contrast, by increasing the incubation time, ZnPc is accumulated in the Golgi apparatus and produces cell inactivation with characteristics of apoptosis and necrosis: TUNEL positive, relocated cytochrome c and negative Annexin V assay. This type of death produces a still undescribed granulated nuclear morphology, which is different from that of necrosis or apoptosis. This morphology is inhibited by necrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor of regulated necrosis.
Food Derived Bioactive Peptides and Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Martínez-Augustin Olga , Rivero-Gutiérrez Belén , Mascaraque Cristina , Sánchez de Medina Fermín
Published: December 2014

A wide range of food-derived bioactive peptides have been shown to exert health-promoting actions and are therefore considered functional foods or nutraceuticals. Some of these actions are related to the maintenance, reinforcement or repairment of the intestinal barrier function (IBF) whose role is to selectively allow the absorption of water, nutrients and ions while preventing the influx of microorganisms from the intestinal lumen. Alterations in the IBF have been related to many disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease or metabolic syndrome. Components of IBF are the intestinal epithelium, the mucus layer, secretory immunoglobulin A and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here we review the effects of food derived bioactive peptides on these IBF components. In vitro and in vivo effects, both in healthy and disease states, have been reviewed. Although limited, the available information indicates a potential for food-derived peptides to modify IBF and to contribute to disease treatment, but further research is needed to better isolate responsible peptides, and to help define their mode of action.
Metals in Cyanobacteria: Analysis of the Copper, Nickel, Cobalt and Arsenic Homeostasis Mechanisms
Authors: Huertas María , López-Maury Luis , Giner-Lamia Joaquín , Sánchez-Riego Ana , Florencio Francisco
Published: December 2014

Traces of metal are required for fundamental biochemical processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration. Cyanobacteria metal homeostasis acquires an important role because the photosynthetic machinery imposes a high demand for metals, making them a limiting factor for cyanobacteria, especially in the open oceans. On the other hand, in the last two centuries, the metal concentrations in marine environments and lake sediments have increased as a result of several industrial activities. In all cases, cells have to tightly regulate uptake to maintain their intracellular concentrations below toxic levels. Mechanisms to obtain metal under limiting conditions and to protect cells from an excess of metals are present in cyanobacteria. Understanding metal homeostasis in cyanobacteria and the proteins involved will help to evaluate the use of these microorganisms in metal bioremediation. Furthermore, it will also help to understand how metal availability impacts primary production in the oceans. In this review, we will focus on copper, nickel, cobalt and arsenic (a toxic metalloid) metabolism, which has been mainly analyzed in model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
Grain Refinement and High-Performance of Equal-Channel Angular Pressed Cu-Mg Alloy for Electrical Contact Wire
Authors: Ma Aibin , Zhu Chengcheng , Chen Jianqing , Jiang Jinghua , Song Dan , Ni Shizhan , He Qing
Published: December 2014

Multi-pass equal-channel angular pressing (EACP) was applied to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) Cu-0.2wt%Mg alloy contact wire with high mechanical/electric performance, aim to overcome the catenary barrier of high-speed trains by maximizing the tension and improving the power delivery. Microstructure evolution and overall properties of the Cu-Mg alloy after different severe-plastic-deformation (SPD) routes were investigated by microscopic observation, tensile and electric tests. The results show that the Cu-Mg alloy after multi-pass ECAP at 473 K obtains ultrafine grains, higher strength and desired conductivity. More passes of ECAP leads to finer grains and higher strength, but increasing ECAP temperature significantly lower the strength increment of the UFG alloy. Grain refinement via continuous SPD processing can endow the Cu-Mg alloy superior strength and good conductivity characteristics, which are advantageous to high-speed electrification railway systems.
Plant Polygalacturonases Involved in Cell Elongation and Separation—The Same but Different?
Authors: Babu Yashodar , Bayer Martin
Published: December 2014

Plant cells are surrounded by the primary cell wall, a rigid framework that needs to be modified in order to allow cell growth. Recent data suggest that in addition to the cellulose-hemicellulose network, the pectin matrix plays a critical role in determining the elasticity of the primary cell wall. Polygalacturonases are key homogalacturonan-hydrolyzing enzymes that function in a wide range of developmental processes. In this review, we present recent progress in understanding the role of polygalacturonases during cell elongation and separation. In discussing the specificities and possible redundancies of polygalacturonases, we focus particularly on newly discovered Arabidopsis mutants that have measurable loss-of-function phenotypes. However, data from other species are included when necessary.
Characteristics of Extraordinary Religious Phenomena Accompanying the Christian Religious Experience—Reflection
Authors: Głaz Stanisław
Published: December 2014

This paper presents an attempt to discuss in more detail the question of understanding of religious experience in the context of the Christian religion, as well as to show the characteristic extraordinary religious experiences accompanying many people during that experience. The question of experiences evoked by psychedelic drugs, such as the issue of a vision and chemical ecstasy, are not discussed here, and instead the author has chosen to present only typical phenomena accompanying religious experience, which are caused by God’s doing, like visions, ecstasy, glossolalia (speaking in tongues) or stigmata. The paper also presents their role and contribution to the process of a human being’s religious development.
Profit Analysis and Supply Chain Planning Model for Closed-Loop Supply Chain in Fashion Industry
Authors: Oh Jisoo , Jeong Bongju
Published: December 2014

In recent decades, due to market growth and use of synthetic fiber, the fashion industry faces a rapid increase of CO2 emission throughout the production cycle and raises environmental issues in recovery processing. This study proposes a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) structure in fashion industry and develops its planning model as multi-objective mixed integer linear programming to find an optimal trade-off between CLSC profit and CO2 emission. The planning model is associated with the profit analysis of each member in CLSC to find the optimal price of products on CLSC network. The model determines optimal production, transportation, and inventory quantities on CLSC network. The proposed models are validated using numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses, and from the results some managerial insights are addressed.
On Financing of Urban Transition Viewed from the Oresund Area: When the Political Agenda of Urban Transition Meets the Market
Authors: Haldrup Karin , Snällfot David
Published: December 2014

The “urban transition” agenda is as a conglomerate of ambitions derived from international policy documents and as applied in the Oresund area. Encompassing locally set goals for (i) climate change mitigation; (ii) energy efficiency; and (iii) human wellbeing in the built environment. Its implementation is largely dependent on private sector joining in, since transitioning the building stock is to be financed by the market. This paper explores strategies to meet this agenda in the Oresund area. A particular focus is on the refurbishment of multi-family housing relative to these set goals. The paper finds meaningful differences between Denmark and Sweden. In general, exceptionally high energy standards come at an additional cost that is likely to be incompatible with rational economic behavior. Furthermore, actions appropriate for one goal are likely to have modest effects on ancillary goals. The paper concludes by suggesting to revisit current strategies in the Oresund area to reflect market constraints and to promote more coherent ways to achieve the set goals.
Speciation of Metals and Assessment of Contamination in Surface Sediments from Daya Bay, South China Sea
Authors: Yang Jie , Cao Linglong , Wang Jianhua , Liu Chunlian , Huang Chuguang , Cai Weixu , Fang Hongda , Peng Xiaojuan
Published: December 2014

The contents, speciation, source factors and potential ecological risks of the selected metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and As) were analyzed in surface sediments from Daya Bay (DYB). The results show that, with the exception of Pb, metal concentrations have decreased at all sites over the past decade. The distribution features of these concentrations represent a ring shape that descends from shore to bay by varying degrees. Speciation analysis showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As exist mainly in the residual fraction and, thus, are of low bioavailability, while Cd and Pb were found to be abundant in the non-residual fraction and, thus, have high potential mobility. The ratio of heavy metals in non-residual form in descending order is Pb (78.83%), Cd (78.65%), Cu (48.54%), Zn (48.10%), Ni (38.31%), Cr (28.43%) and As (27.76%). The ratio of Pb content is the highest, meaning the highest mobility of Pb. The metals’ potential ecological risks to the environment were also assessed using the methods of the mean effect range-median quotient and the criteria of risk assessment code. The results showed that Cd presents the highest risk, and Pb and Cu are generally considered to be medium risks in the sub-basins of Daya Bay. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that natural coastal weathering and erosion of rock caused the highest input, followed by mariculture and industrial wastewater and, finally, domestic sewage discharge.
Marketization of Collective-owned Rural Land: A Breakthrough in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zou Yonghua , Zhao Wanxia , Mason Robert
Published: December 2014

This study focuses on analyzing the ongoing land policy reform that allows collective-owned rural land transactions in the open market in Shenzhen, China. Employing a case study method, we investigate this land policy evolution through description and contextual analysis. We argue that the existing dual-track land administration system, within which the state administers market transactions, has contributed to numerous social problems, such as urban land scarcity, inefficiency of land resource allocation, and exacerbated social injustice. Following the recent actions of the central government, a collective-owned rural land parcel in Shenzhen was officially transferred in November 2013, an action viewed as a landmark step in reforming the current dual-track land system. Though the generalization of Shenzhen’s experiment nationwide faces significant barriers, Shenzhen’s breakthrough in liberalization of the rural land market indicates that China is moving toward a potential new round of land policy revolution.
Developing a Cell-Based Spatial Optimization Model for Land-Use Patterns Planning
Authors: Huang Chun-Wei , Lin Yu-Pin , Ding Tzung-Su , Anthony Johnathen
Published: December 2014

This study developed a cell-based spatial optimization model compatible with the ArcGIS platform, termed Dynamically Dimensioned Search Landscape Optimization Planning model (DDSLOP), for landscape planning. The development of the proposed model was based on the Dynamically Dimensioned Search Algorithm, which can efficiently find an optimal global solution within the massive solution space inherent to multi-dimensional analysis. Therefore, the DDSLOP model can reveal landscape pattern scenarios suited to specific managerial purposes at a cellular level. To evaluate the DDSLOP model, we applied it to a landscape planning initiative that focused on the conservation of three bird species in the National Taiwan University Highland Experimental Farm (NTU-HEF). We compared the proposed model with the Land-Use Pattern Optimization-library (LUPOlib), which was used in the optimization of landscapes at a patch level. The results of the comparison revealed that our fine scale optimization method has better flexibility, and can therefore form landscape structures, which, overall, provides not only better individual habitats for the target species, but also landscape patterns that foster high habitat connectivity, both important aspects of conservation efforts.
Le discours de la décadence dans le Bellum Catilinae de Salluste : éléments d’une mise en forme du récit
Authors: Sensal Catherine
Published: December 2014

The discourse about decadence in Sallust’s Bellum Catilinae.

The discourse about decadence seems inscribed in the very composition of the first text of Sallust. Resting on the degeneration of ancient uirtutes, this discourse seems to emerge from a tragic composition of the text. In a historical context where Sulla’s influence is still noticeable and fortuna at work, there seems to have no possibility of catharsis for the Roman state as Sallust sees it.
(Re)penser l’Empire romain. Le défi de la comparaison historique
Authors: Hurlet Frédéric
Published: December 2014

Cet article présente à propos de la notion d'empire une synthèse qui souligne les vertus et les limites du comparatisme en histoire. Il comprend trois parties : un bilan historiographique provisoire, une analyse critique du comparatisme appliquée à la notion d'empire et un tableau de l'Empire romain comparé aux autres empires. Y est mis en particulier en exergue à partir de l'exemple romain le récent déplacement des perspectives qui a conduit l'historiographie contemporaine à distinguer l'analyse du phénomène de l'impérialisme de l'étude des formes revêtues par l'État impérial. La comparaison montre que si l'Empire romain partage avec d'autres empires une série de points communs (dilatation de l'espace à contrôler, prétention à l'universalisme, identité « impériale »), il possède deux traits spécifiques qui le rendent naturellement et définitivement unique : à savoir la forte attractivité de Rome et une forte intégration des territoires conquis passant par une diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine d'abord aux élites civiques, puis à partir de 212 à tous les habitants libres de l'Empire.
Diodore et le patrimoine mythico-historique de la Sicile
Authors: Robert Renaud
Published: December 2014

Le présent article porte sur le rôle assigné par Diodore aux traces matérielles de la mémoire mythique et historique. Contrairement à Denys d’Halicarnasse, Diodore recourt rarement aux objets comme preuve archéologique. Dans son évocation de la Sicile, c’est aux oeuvres de Dédale qu’il accorde la place la plus importante. Dédale est une figure positive dont l’action civilisatrice s’inscrit dans la mouvance de celle des Grecs en Méditerranée et dont les réalisations architecturales préfigurent celles des rois de Sicile (Denys l’Ancien, Timoléon ou Agathocle). Lorsque l’historien évoque les paysages de l’île, en particulier d’Enna, c’est pour montrer qu’ils portent la marque du mythe et laissent percevoir la présence civilisatrice des dieux ou des héros comme Héraclès. Diodore ne semble guère s’intéresser aux oeuvres d’art pour elles-mêmes : elles attestent parfois l’opulence des cités (Agrigente), mais elles sont porteuses d’une redoutable ambiguïté dans la mesure où, objets de luxe, elles attirent la convoitise, poussent aux pillages et aux sacrilèges. Lors du siège de Syracuse en 396 av. J.-C., les richesses profanées des sanctuaires sont à la fois la cause et l’instrument de la vengeance divine. À l’instar de Cicéron, Diodore oppose la tempérance des grands hommes comme Timoléon à la cupidité des dirigeants aveuglés par l'hybris.
Diodore et l’histoire de la Sicile républicaine
Authors: Pittia Sylvie
Published: December 2014

Diodorus and the history of Republican Sicily.

Diodorus of Sicily draws Sicilian history during the Republican period in a very narrative way, focusing on military and diplomatic events. It is hard to assess how much the Byzantine anthologies which let us know these historical fragments have reduced the original Diodorean text. This one emphasizes geography and distinctive identity of the cities. It remains irreplaceable to understand some episodes concerning Pyrrhus, Hiero of Syracuse or the servile revolts of the IInd century.
Internet et les errances du multistakeholderism
Authors: Massit-Folléa Françoise
Published: December 2014

Le débat sur la gouvernance de l’internet oppose à la conception multilatérale privilégiant le rôle des États et entités interétatiques, la voie d’un multistakeholderism qui entend réunir l’ensemble des acteurs concernés : États, entreprises, experts, académiques, groupes d’internautes, etc. C’est un débat sur la nature du pouvoir, qui traverse de multiples réunions et sommets internationaux. Mais la société civile demeure elle-même très segmentée, et l’on peut s’interroger sur la notion même de gouvernance globale d’un internet global.
Puissances émergentes et internet : vers une « troisième voie » ?
Authors: Nocetti Julien
Published: December 2014

Washington occupe une place prépondérante dans la gouvernance de l’internet, ce qui ne surprend guère compte tenu des origines de ce dernier et de la prééminence technologique américaine. La majorité des internautes se trouve toutefois dans des pays non occidentaux. Certains, comme la Chine ou l’Inde, sont en train de rattraper leur retard technologique et contestent la manière dont le réseau est géré. Cette tendance s’est accentuée depuis l’affaire Snowden, même si les pays émergents avancent en ordre dispersé.
La révolution Big Data
Authors: Mayer-Schönberger Viktor
Published: December 2014

En modifiant nos modes d’approche, le Big Data change notre vision du monde, faisant passer de la démarche analogique au savoir numérique. Il représente aussi une ressource économique inédite pour les entreprises, ainsi qu’une carte sans doute décisive pour les pays émergents. Il constituera demain un nouvel enjeu de rivalités entre États. Mais, pour révolutionnaire qu’il soit, il demeure une création humaine, limitée d’abord par nos capacités de compréhension.
La coopération sanitaire internationale abolie par Ebola ?
Authors: Houssin Didier
Published: December 2014

Depuis 1976, 25 épidémies dues au virus Ebola ont été recensées. Celle de 2014 est la plus grave. Bien qu’elle ait rapidement acquis une dimension internationale, les États occidentaux ont sous-estimé ses effets. Ils ont été très lents à réagir et ont laissé trop longtemps les organisations non gouvernementales gérer seules la crise. Depuis le mois de septembre, ils ont enfin pris conscience de la nécessité de consacrer des moyens importants pour lutter contre cette épidémie exceptionnelle.
Les groupes d'autodéfense civile au Mexique : défenseurs légitimes, groupes incontrôlables ou lanceurs d'alerte ?
Authors: Marijn Thibaud
Published: December 2014

Les groupes d’autodéfense qui se répandent au Mexique depuis 2011 dans divers États témoignent de l’impuissance et de la corruption des organes de l’État central face à la diffusion de la criminalité organisée. Cet État central hésite aujourd’hui entre l’institutionnalisation ou la dissolution de ces groupes, dans une stratégie opaque. Mais aucune de ces décisions n’aura de sens sans un retour de crédibilité des institutions policière et judiciaire à l’échelle du pays.
L'Inde de Narendra Modi
Authors: Saint-Mézard Isabelle
Published: December 2014

L’installation du BJP au pouvoir suite aux élections législatives de 2014 pose de multiples questions sur la gouvernance du pays. Comment le Premier ministre Narendra Modi accordera-t-il sa volonté centralisatrice et l’élargissement de la marge de manœuvre des États fédérés dans le domaine économique ? L’hindouisme militant de la nébuleuse nationaliste hindoue permettra-t-elle une coexistence des diverses communautés ? La politique économique du gouvernement BJP ne sera-t-elle que la continuation de choix précédents mâtinée d’une plus grande exigence d’efficacité ?
Terminator Ethics : faut-il interdire les « robots tueurs » ?
Authors: Jeangène Vilmer Jean-Baptiste
Published: December 2014

Les systèmes d’armes létaux autonomes font débat, certaines ONG réclamant leur interdiction préventive. La notion d’autonomie est pourtant très complexe : il n’existe pas de système d’arme totalement soustrait à l’intervention humaine. En termes moraux et vis-à-vis du droit international humanitaire, ces systèmes posent des problèmes peu différents des autres armes utilisées par l’homme. Il semble donc préférable de les encadrer, plutôt que les interdire a priori.
Potentially probiotic and bioprotective lactic acid bacteria starter cultures antagonise the Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to HT29 colonocyte-like cells
Authors: Garriga M. , Rubio R. , Aymerich T. , Ruas-Madiedo P.
Published: December 2014

The capability of five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to counteract the adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to the epithelial intestinal cell line HT29 was studied. The highest adhesion ability to HT29 was achieved by the intestinal strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CTC1679, followed by the meat-derived strains Lactobacillus sakei CTC494 and Enterococcus faecium CTC8005. Surprisingly, the meat strains showed significantly better adhesion to HT29 than two faecal isolates of Lactobacillus casei and even significantly higher than the reference strain L. rhamnosus GG. Additionally, the anti-listerial, bacteriocin-producer starter culture L. sakei CTC494 was able to significantly reduce the adhesion of L. monocytogenes to HT29 in experiments of exclusion, competition and inhibition. The performance was better than the faecal isolate L. rhamnosus CTC1679. Our results reinforce the fact that the ability of LAB to interact with a host epithelium model, as well as to antagonise with foodborne pathogens, is a strain-specific characteristic. Additionally, it is underlined that this trait is not dependent on the origin of the bacterium, since some food LAB behave better than intestinal ones. Therefore, the search for novel strains in food niches is a suitable approach to find those with potential health benefits. These strains are likely pre-adapted to the food environment, which would make their inclusion in the formulation of probiotic foods more feasible.
Choroidal Melanoma in Children: Be Aware of Risks
Authors: Sivalingam Meera D. , Hasanreisoglu Murat , Shields Carol L.
Published: December 2014

The authors describe a case of choroidal melanoma in a 13-year-old girl treated with plaque brachytherapy. Uveal melanoma is reported in all age groups but tends to manifest itself in adults more often than children. Childhood (< 20 years) uveal melanoma represents 1% of all cases. Clinical features and treatment options in childhood melanoma are discussed.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e85–e88.]
Intravitreal Chemotherapy Provides Control for Massive Vitreous Seeding From Retinoblastoma
Authors: Lawson Brendan M. , Saktanasate Jarin , Say Emil Anthony T. , Shields Carol L.
Published: December 2014

Treatment of vitreous seeds in retinoblastoma is challenging because of relatively poor chemotherapeutic drug penetration by standard intravenous or intra-arterial routes. Intravitreal monotherapy with melphalan is effective but has a narrow therapeutic window. The authors describe a case of massive vitreous seeding successfully controlled after combination intravitreal chemotherapy using melphalan and topotecan with preserved anatomic outcome.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51:e92–e94.]
The Meanings Caregivers Ascribe to Dementia-Related Changes in Care Recipients: A Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Lindauer Allison , Harvath Theresa A.
Published: December 2014

The number of individuals with dementia is increasing dramatically around the world, and because of this growth, an increase in the number of caregivers has occurred as well. Caregiving is often associated with negative outcomes (e.g., burden, depression, impaired physical health). These problems persist although much effort has been put into understanding caregiver strain. Some work has addressed the meanings caregivers ascribe to dementia-related changes, which may provide a better understanding of caregiver health and well-being. Most of this work is qualitative, but no synthesis of the literature addressing caregiver meanings of dementia-related changes has been found. The purpose of the current meta-ethnographic synthesis is to explore and interpret the literature addressing the meanings that caregivers give to dementia-related changes in their care recipients. An interpretation that incorporates findings in relation to elder mistreatment is offered. Implications for nursing care and research are discussed.
[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2015; 8(1):39–48.]