bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxymatrine Improves the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier after Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through the Caveolin-1/MMP-9 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Jiaoyan , Liu Qingqing , Li Xi , Zhao Mei , Sun Ting , Hu Na , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ruitao , Yang Peng , Yang Qi
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) is a major neurological disease worldwide and is associated with extremely high morbidity and mortality. Oxymatrine (OMT) has neuroprotective properties and protects against IS. However, whether its protective effect involves the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is unknown.MethodsHere, we used in vivo and in vitro models of IS to evaluate the protective effect of OMT and its mechanism with regard to the BBB. We assayed the role of OMT using neurological function scores and triphenyltetrazolium chloride, Nissl, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining.ResultsOMT significantly improved the neurological function and brain state and reduced BBB permeability in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Additionally, OMT improved the tight junction of bEend.3 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Moreover, intracranial lentivirus injection-induced Cav-1 knockdown reduced the neuroprotective effects of OMT.ConclusionsOMT could improve I/R injury-induced damage to the BBB, and its effects may be related to the regulation of the Cav-1/MMP-9 signaling pathway. This suggests that OMT may offer effective protection against BBB injury after I/R.
The Effect of Homelessness on the HIV Care Continuum in an Underserved Metropolitan Area of the South : Potential Implications for Ending the HIV Epidemic in America.
Authors: Berthaud Vladimir , Johnson Livette , Jennings Ronda , Chandler-Auguste Maxine , Osijo Abosede , Baldwin Marie , Juarez Paul , Matthews-Juarez Patricia , Wilus Derek , Tabatabai Mohammad
Published: December 2020

A wealth of scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of HIV prophylaxis and treatment. Homelessness has become one of the strongest predictors of health status and viral suppression among vulnerable populations and can undermine the national plan to eliminate HIV by 2030. This retrospective observational study examined the extent in which homelessness affects HIV treatment in an underserved urban area of Middle Tennessee in 2014-2019. Among 692 HIV-seropositive patients, the proportion of homeless patients increased from 13.5% to 27.7%, thrice the national average for HIV-seropositive people (8.4%) and twice that of Ryan White patients nationwide (12.9%). Our findings suggest that homeless patients were half as likely to achieve viral suppression as compared to those who had a permanent/stable home [OR 0.48 (0.32-0.72), p-value <0.001]. The alarming rate of homelessness in this population raises serious concerns for long-term HIV treatment outcomes and the trajectory of the syndemic of homelessness and HIV.
Network Pharmacology Dissection of Multi-scale Mechanisms of Action of Tu-Xian Mixture for the Treatment of Diabetic Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Yan Bin , Sun Qing , Sun Jianhong , Tian Guoqing
Published: December 2020

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in the treatment of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), and Tu-Xian mixture is one of the prescriptions. This study used a network pharmacology method to predict the active ingredients, potential targets and pathways of Tu-Xian mixture in the treatment of DCI.Methods The potential active ingredients of Tu-xian mixture were obtained by querying databases such as TCMSP, drug targets were screened through Pharmmapper, ETCM, and UniProt databases, and disease target protein groups were collected using TTD, OMIM, and CTD databases. Therapeutic targets were obtained by comparative analysis. Then use WebGestalt to complete GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Results A total of 51 active ingredients and 619 potential targets were obtained, among which there were 33 key targets for diabetes and 18 key targets for cognitive impairment. After GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway may be the important metabolic pathways for Tu-Xian mixture to perform therapeutic effects.Conclusions This work promoted the comprehension of Tu-Xian mixture in the treatment of DCI, and further experimental verification of the prediction results was still needed to support its clinical application.
Study on the Mechanism of Gastrodia Rhizoma "FEATURE Identification based Quality Assessmen" based on Neuroprotection
Authors: Wang Bing , Sun Yan-tao , Zhang Hui , Kang Ting-guo , Pei Wen-han
Published: December 2020

Background: The theory of "Feature Identification based Quality Assessmen" is the essence of traditional Chinese medicine experience identification, and the theory is to identify the quality of Chinese Materia Medica by its properties. The mechanism of evaluating quality through "Feature " has not been clarified. Methods: We used artificial intelligence sensory technology electronic nose, electronic tongue and other instruments to quantitatively determine the “feature” include "Shape, Color, Qi, taste" of Gastrodia Rhizoma. The relationship between fingerprint of chemical constituents and protective effects on OGD/R injury of SH-SY5Y cells of 30 batches of medicinal materials was analyzed, and the Pharmacodynamic Components Group (six compounds) of Gastrodia Rhizoma were determined. In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments confirmed that the Pharmacodynamic Components Group had good protective effects on OGD/R injury of SH-SY5Y cells, spinal injury of zebrafish and cerebral ischemia of rats, and could be widely distributed in rats.Results: The Pharmacodynamic Components Group could represent more than 90% of the whole pharmacodynamic effect of Gastrodia Rhizoma, which showed that the Pharmacodynamic Components Group was basically equivalent to the crude drug. Through the correlation analysis of “feature” and Pharmacodynamic Components Group, we revealed that the mechanism of “Feature Identification based Quality Assessmen” of Gastrodia Rhizoma was related to the six components of the Pharmacodynamic Components Group. Conclusions: The mechanism of "Feature Identification based Quality Assessmen" of Gastrodia Rhizoma based on "Feature" is that "Shape", "Color", "Qi" and "Taste" of Gastrodia Rhizoma have significant correlation with the content of Pharmacodynamic Components Group. This study provides a new way of thinking for the interpretation of the scientific connotation of " Feature Identification based Quality Assessmen" and the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine
Clinical study of Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction in Perioperative Period of Cholelithiasis: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Baofang , Zhu Wentao , Chen Qiangpu , Zhang Changxi , Wei Qiang , Ji Haibin , Zhang Fan , Guan Qinghai , Lv Xiaoqin , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: December 2020

Background Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction is a new prescription designed by the author to add astragalus, frankincense and myrrh on the basis of the classic Xiaochengqi Decoction based on the characteristics of biliary tract surgery, and it has been used for clinical differentiation.Therefore, in order to evaluate the clinical effect of Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction in perioperative period of cholelithiasis, this study conducted a prospective randomized controlled study. Methods A total of 162 patients with cholelithiasis were randomly divided into three groups. Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group: ERAS process + Modified Xiaochengqi decoction. Xiaochengqi Decoction group: ERAS process + Xiaochengqi decoction. Control group: ERAS process + warm boiled water 50ml.Compare the clinical indicators, immune indicators and acute inflammatory stress response indicators between the three groups, and observe the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine. Results Clinical indicators In the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group, the postoperative VAS pain scores was decreased, the postoperative activity time and activity distance was increased, the feeding time was advanced, the recovery of gastrointestinal function was advanced, the postoperative cost and postoperative hospital stay was reduced and the incidence of nausea and vomiting was reduced (P <0.05).There was no serious adverse reaction in Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction. Immune indicators On the 1st and 2nd day after operation, the expression of CD3+,CD4+,CD19+ and the ratio of CD4 + / CD8 + in the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group was higher than that in the Xiaochengqi Decoction group and the control group.The expression of CD8+ and NK cell was not statistically different between the three groups (P>0.05). A cute inflammatory stress response indicators On the 1st and 2nd day after the operation, the expression of IL-6, CRP and SAA in the Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction group was lower than that in the control group, and the expression of substance P was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-10 expression between the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction relieved the inflammatory response and improved the immune function in the perioperative period, and promoted postoperative rehabilitation. Moreover, there was no serious adverse reaction in Modified Xiaochengqi Decoction.Trial registration This study is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.The registration identification number is ChiCTR2000033125.Registered 25 May 2015 Retrospectivelyregistered,http://www.medresman.org.cn/ChiCTR2000033125.
Flavonoid quercetin modulates glucose metabolism by up-regulating the methylation status of genes as Kcnj11, Gys1 and Erp29 in liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Gao Weina , Bian Xiangyu , Ma Yuying , Yu Yijing , Shi Tala , Yao Zhanxin , Pu Lingling , Guo Changjiang
Published: December 2020

Background: Quercetin is a flavonoid that exists extensively in vegetables and fruits, and has many biological activities. It is reported that quercetin participates in the regulation of glucose metabolism through various mechanisms. However, whether DNA methylation is involved in those regulatory effects remains unclear. As liver is one of the main organ involved in methyl and glucose metabolism, DNA methylation targets related to glucose metabolism were identified in liver of Wistar rats upon quercetin exposure. Methods: The rats were fed a control diet or a 0.5% quercetin-supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Arraystar Rat 4 × 180K RN4 RefSeq Promoter Arrays were used for a genome-wide survey of DNA methylation in rat livers. NimbleScan v2.5 software was used to process microarray data. DAVID software was used to perform GO and Pathway analysis of regulatory networks. Gene promoter methylation status was examined by the ChIP-quantitative PCR assay, and hepatic levels of methylated Kcnj11, Erp29, Gys1, Flot1 and GAPDH were evaluated. Gene expression was assayed by quantitative PCR, and hepatic mRNA expression levels of Kcnj11, Gys1 and Erp29 were estimated. Results: Quercetin induced specific changes in DNA methylation. A total of 1,263 differentially expressed genes were found in 22 chromosomes, particularly on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 10. According to GO functional analysis, differential genes have focused on organic substance, cellular and primary metabolic process. According to pathway analysis, the most enrichment pathways included Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin signaling pathway and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Nineteen up-methylated genes were found among several biological pathways after quercetin treatment. Critical genes and pathways associated with glucose metabolism (Kcnj11 and Gys1) and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (Erp29) were changed significantly. Promoter methylation levels of Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29 were significantly increased, and the mRNA expression of those genes significantly decreased simultaneously upon quercetin exposure. Conclusions: Quercetin changed the promoter methylation status and expression of Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29, which are mainly related to glucose metabolism. The gene Kcnj11, Gys1, and Erp29 could be novel epigenetic targets of quercetin in regulating glucose metabolism.
How to Perform a Reliable Full Spine X-ray Examination in Juvenile and Adolescent Scoliosis.Experience outcome
Authors: Palandri Sergio
Published: December 2020

Background:Ionizing radiations, even at low doses, present side effects that are known as well as girls and toung women constitute the most sensible individuals from a radioprotectional point of view. On the other side full spine x-ray radiography is the gold standard in diagnose and follow-up of AIS, where individuals involved are typicaly girls and young women.For these reasons, a partuicular care permorming radiographics esamination in this scope, in mandatory.The aim of this work is to provide a simple and detailed protocol to perform full-spine X-ray examination in diagnosis and follow-up of AISThis paper is the result of our experience along 7y of work in application and study of the scoliosis in the first two decades of life, combining the orthopaedist’s requirements, the surgical requirements along with the care for the particularly significant relational feature, due to the specific category of most individuals undergoing this radiological examination.Methods:For the maximum usability and Clarity, we considered three main topics: a) single examination b) examination during orthotic treatment and c) pre-op control. For each one we explained number and type of X-ray view used and how we performed them with the assistance of detalide figures. Results:By comparing X-ray images before and after the application of our protocol, we saw a significant increase in the quality of the produced images as well as a positive feedback from patients and parents acceptance.Conclusions:An extended collaboration between the Orthopaedic Surgeons and the Radiographer, has led to a clear improvement in technical execution and in an exposure dose reduction. Furthermore a particular attention to the patient’s comfort, along with some technical stratagems, led to an improving effectiveness of the services supplied.
A Survey on Generative Adversarial Networks for imbalance problems in computer vision tasks
Authors: Sampath Vignesh , Maurtua Iñaki , Martín Juan José Aguilar , Gutierrez Aitor
Published: December 2020

Any computer vision application development starts off by acquiring images and data, then preprocessing and pattern recognition steps to perform a task. When the acquired images are highly imbalanced and not adequate, the desired task may not be achievable. Unfortunately, the occurrence of imbalance problems in acquired image datasets in certain complex real-world problems such as anomaly detection, emotion recognition, medical image analysis, fraud detection, metallic surface defect detection, disaster prediction, etc., are inevitable. The performance of computer vision algorithms can significantly deteriorate when the training dataset is imbalanced. In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have gained immense attention by researchers across a variety of application domains due to their capability to model complex real-world image data. It is particularly important that GANs can not only be used to generate synthetic images, but also its fascinating adversarial learning idea showed good potential in restoring balance in imbalanced datasets.In this paper, we examine the most recent developments of GANs based techniques for addressing imbalance problems in image data. The real-world challenges and implementations of synthetic image generation based on GANs are extensively covered in this survey. Our survey first introduces various imbalance problems in computer vision tasks and its existing solutions, and then examines key concepts such as deep generative image models and GANs. After that, we propose a taxonomy to summarize GANs based techniques for addressing imbalance problems in computer vision tasks into three major categories: 1. Image level imbalances in classification, 2. object level imbalances in object detection and 3. pixel level imbalances in segmentation tasks. We elaborate the imbalance problems of each group, and provide GANs based solutions in each group. Readers will understand how GANs based techniques can handle the problem of imbalances and boost performance of the computer vision algorithms.
PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CORN EARWORM IN THE MAIZE AGROCENOSIS OF THE LEFT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Liaska Yuliia , Stryhun Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

Biological features of the development of the corn earworm in Ukraine are insufficiently studied. Therefore, the research conducted in 2017–2019 were the first attempt to describe in detail the phenology of the pest in the maize agrocenosis of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found, that the emergence duration of the corn earworm imagoes during the years of research lasted 46–52 days. The first butterflies on maize appeared in the first and third decades of June. The mass emergence of the phytophagous occurred in the second-third decade of July (the bloom period of maize). The seasonal dynamics of corn earworm imago in maize significantly depended on both the weather conditions of the growing seasons and the phases of crop development. The duration of development of the stages of eggs, caterpillars and pupae in 2017–2019 was 5.3, 31 and 20 days, at the sum of effective temperatures of 38.5, 243.6 and 147.0 °C, accordingly. In maize crops in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine corn earworm developed during one generation, and the second generation was optional. Corn plants are damaged only by the first generation of phytophagous. For the development of the first generation of phytophagous, the sum of effective temperatures must be 590–610 °C at the development threshold of +15.0 °C, the duration of development is on average 61.3 days, at the average daily air temperature +21.6 °C.
CCTV Kamera Verileri Kullanılarak Atıksu Sistemlerinde Meydana Gelen Arızaların ve Etkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: FIRAT Mahmut , ORHAN Cansu
Published: December 2020

Atıksu sistemlerinde zamanla çökme, ters eğim, tıkanma, yanlış bina bağlantısı, yağlanma, çatlak vb. arızalar meydana gelmektedir. Bu arızalar, fiziksel, işletme ve çevresel gibi farklı faktörlere bağlı olarak oluşmaktadır. Özellikle eski sistemlerde sürekli meydana gelen arızalar sonucu sokakta sürekli bakım onarım çalışmalarının yapılmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu arızaların sıklığı sistemin işletme maliyetini arttırmakta ve normal işletme koşullarını bozmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atıksu sistemlerinde kapalı devre televizyon (CCTV) kamera görüntüleri esas alınarak tespit edilen yapısal kusurlar ve bunlara sebep olan faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için Malatya ili merkez ilçeleri olan Yeşilyurt ve Battalgazi ilçelerinde hizmet veren atıksu sistemi uygulama alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Atıksu sistemlerinde bozulmalara sebep olabilecek boru uzunluğu, boru eğimi, yapısal kusur yüzdesi ve doluluk oranı aşımı gibi faktörler belirlenmiş ve bu faktörlere ait veriler saha çalışmaları, kanal görüntüleme ve proje okuma gibi yöntemlerle elde edilmiştir. Saha verileri incelendiğinde, boru eğimi düşük olduğunda hat içinde çökelmeler oluşmakta ve akış kapasitesi zamanla düşmektedir. Sonuç olarak grafik ve Çizelgede verilen sonuçlara göre, yapısal kusur oranının artmasında, işçilik kalitesi (imalat, yatak malzemesi, projeye uygun eğim verilmesi), çevresel etkiler (trafik), fiziksel ve hidrolik faktörlerin etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
Pamukta Bazı Agronomik Uygulamaların Verim ve Lif Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KARADEMİR Emine , KARADEMİR Çetin , EKİNCİ Remzi
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma sulama ve azot miktarına (8, 16 ve 24 kg da-1) bağlı kısıntılı, ideal ve aşırı yetiştirme koşullarının pamuk verimi, bitki gelişimi ve lif kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş ve materyal olarak GW-Teks pamuk çeşidi kullanılmıştır. İki yıl yürütülen çalışma sonucunda kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi, bitki boyu, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, odun dalı sayısı, meyve dalı sayısı, koza sayısı yönünden uygulamalar arasındaki farklılığın istatistiki olarak önemli bulunduğu, bu özellikler yönünden en yüksek değerlerin aşırı gelişme koşullarından elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Çırçır randımanı yönünden yıl farklılığının önemli olduğu, ancak uygulamalar arasındaki farklılığın önemli bulunmadığı, lif kalite kriterlerinden lif uzunluğu, lif inceliği, lif kopma dayanıklılığı, lif kopma uzaması, lif üniformite oranı ve kısa lif oranı yönünden uygulamalar arasında istatistiki önem düzeyinde bir farklılığın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İlk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, meyve dalı sayısı, koza sayısı ve lif uzunluğu özelliklerinde uygulama × yıl interaksiyonunun önemli olması, bu özelliklerin yıllara bağlı olarak değişebileceğini göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen özelliklerin tümü yönünden aşırı yetiştirme koşullarında elde edilen değerlerin ideal ve yetersiz yetiştirme koşullarına göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulguların denemede materyal olarak kullanılan GW-Teks pamuk çeşidinin genetik performansını yansıttığı, bu değerlerin çeşitten çeşide değişebileceği, farklı çeşitlerle çalışılmasının uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular GW-Teks çeşidinin değişen sulama ve azot dozlarına tepkisinin sınırlı olduğunu göstermiştir.
A Study over the Hyperbolic and Logarithmic Monomolecular, Logistic and Gompertz Growth Models
Authors: KORKMAZ Mehmet
Published: December 2020

In this study in addition to classical monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz models, their hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models were found. After that it is searched the effect of these hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models on the choice of appropriate growth model by using two separate data sets. For this purpose, classical monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz growth models and their hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models are compared with some model selection criteria such as coefficient of determination, error sum of squares. For two data sets it is found that the results of these hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models are better than the results of these growth models. Thus, it is considered that these hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models can be used in addition to these growth models. Even the results of these hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models were found the same for both data sets. In addition, some other hyperbolic and logarithmic growth models can be investigated for getting the best model choice.
Electric Drive Vehicle Model and Simulation with MATLAB
Authors: URAZEL Burak , KESKİN Kemal
Published: December 2020

In this manuscript an electric drive vehicle (EDV) is modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. First the resistive forces acting on EDV during the longitudinal motion are computed analytically. Then the required engine power to propel the vehicle during motion or the regenerated power to charge the batteries during braking is calculated by using powertrain and engine parameters. Finally battery charge/discharge currents, battery charge/discharge powers and battery state of charge (SOC) values are obtained. The proposed vehicle model is simulated with three different drive cycles such as: UDDS (Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule), NEDC (The New European Driving Cycle) and NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory Class-3). Simulations are conducted considering SOC (state of charge) of battery, power demand and speed profile.
Vegetable Production Data and Its Economic Importance in Iğdır Province
Authors: KARADAŞ Köksal
Published: December 2020

Consumption of sufficient variety and amount of vegetables, which contain a significant amount of vitamins and minerals necessary for a balanced diet, is very important for maintaining a healthy life. Vegetables are useful in many ways such as maintaining a healthy digestive system, losing weight, protecting body against diseases and being heart-friendly. 50.42% of world vegetable production in 2018 was yielded in China(549 million tons) and 11.78% in India (128 million tons) while 2.17% (24 million tonnes) in Turkey, ranking fourth in the world. In this study, the amount of vegetable production, the changes in the price and the level of contribution to the provincial economy were investigated in Iğdır provinces and districts between 2008-2019. In 2019, 0.28% (88 701 tonnes) of total vegetable production in Turkey (31 089 644 tons) and 0,22% ($ 19.8 million) of total production value ($ 9 034 million) was generated in Igdir. 6.28% (5 568 tons) of vegetable production in Iğdır Province in 2019 was produced in Aralık District, 18.74% (16 626 tons) in Karakoyunlu District, 72.52% (64 327 tons) in Central district, and 0.62% (555 ton) in Tuzluca District. Between 2008-2019, vegetable production amount decreased by 4.23% and production value decreased by 51.83% in Iğdır. The decrease in vegetable production amounts and prices negatively affects the contribution of vegetable production to both producers and the regional economy. In order to increase the income level of the agricultural producer of the region, it is necessary to investigate solutions for increasing the amount and value of vegetable production in Iğdır Province.
Kısmen Elastik Zemin Üzerindeki Kiriş Titreşiminin Yarı Analitik ve Nümerik Yöntemler ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ERDOĞAN Hakan , COŞKUN Safa Bozkurt
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada kısmen elastik zemin üzerindeki bir kirişin serbest titreşim problemi incelenmiştir. Kiriş modeli olarak Euler kirişi modeli, zemin modeli olarak da en yaygın kullanılan zemin modeli olan Winkler modeli kullanılmıştır. Elastik zemin üzerindeki kirişlerin titreşim problemi ile ilgili çeşitli araştırmalar literatürde mevcut olmakla birlikte, kısmen elastik zemin problemi için analitik çözümler mevcut olmayıp ve diğer yöntemlerle yapılan çalışmalarda oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu amaçla problemin varyasyonel iterasyon metodu ile önce yarı analitik çözümü yapılmış daha sonra da SAP 2000 yazılımı ile sonlu eleman analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı sınır koşulları altında kısmen elastik zemin üzerindeki kirişlerin analizi gerçekleştirilmiş, elastik zeminle desteklenen bölgenin değişimine bağlı olarak ilk dört serbest titreşim frekansı elde edilmiştir.
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Casting Properties of Grain Refined A356 Alloy
Authors: KOŞATEPE Abdulhadi , KABİL Ahmet
Published: December 2020

In this study, it was aimed to have the desired microstructure at low cost (fine and spherical) of aluminum alloys which have a wide usage in engineering materials and a wide variety of production methods. Al5Ti1B was added to the A356 aluminum alloy melted in a 700 °C resistive furnace with Ti content of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% by weight. Casting was performed on a 20, 10 and 5 mm cross-section metal mold placed on a vibration table producing a mechanical vibration of 50 Hz fixed frequency and 1.5 mm amplitude, vibration and non- vibration. Microstructural investigations on the cross-sections of the final casting products were carried out in two stages. In the first step, the distance between the secondary dendrite arms (SDAS) and the length of the secondary dendrite arms (SDAL) were measured on the images taken by optical microscope. In the second stage, EDS analysis was performed by SEM. Hardness measurements of the samples were made by Brinell method and the relationship between the microstructure and hardness values was tried to be revealed. SDAS and SADAL values decreased due to Ti content and section thickness. Accordingly, hardness tends to decrease as it progresses from thin section to thick section.
The Implementation of English Teacher's Differentiated Instruction to Disabled Student in an Inclusive School
Authors: Sari Aprilia Purnama , Agustini Dewa Ayu Eka , Adnyani Luh Diah Surya
Published: December 2020

Disabled student learns based on 2013 curriculum in an inclusive school. This student learns the same material with regular students. To help disabled student understands the material, the teacher should use an appropriate teaching strategy. Differentiated instruction is a teaching strategy of providing different options for students. It has 4 terms namely content, process, product, and learning environment. This study aimed at investigating the implementation of English teacher’s differentiated instruction to disabled student in an inclusive school. This study was a qualitative research which employs a case study research design. The study was conducted in MM2 (Multi Media) class at SMKN 3 Singaraja as an inclusive school. The subject was an English teacher who already attended some workshops to teach disabled student. The data were gathered by observation and interview. The results showed that the English teacher differentiated the topics of the text, examples, sources, and the ways of explaining and reviewing the material in term of content. The teacher also gave pre-assessment to determine the topic for students’ video. In term of process, the teacher sometimes differentiated the choices and instructions for disabled student and regular students. The teacher did not differentiate the product made by disabled student and regular students but sometimes differentiated the challenge, the topic, and the criteria. In term of learning environment, the teacher usually provided enough space, arranged the seatmate and seat for disabled student than regular students. She gave different rules or instructions depending on where the learning took place.
Annexe: Voltaire dans la presse francophone éditée en Russie sous Elisabeth
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: December 2020

Annexe: Voltaire dans la presse francophone éditée en Russie sous Elisabeth
Voltaire, Pierre le Grand, la cour de Russie et la presse francophone éditée en Russie au milieu du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Rjéoutski Vladislav
Published: December 2020

Публикации, посвященные Вольтеру в журнале «Caméléon littéraire» (1755), который издавал в Петербурге барон де Чуди, секретарь фаворита российской императрицы И.И. Шувалова, показывают, что до заказа Вольтеру «Истории Российской империи в царствование Петра I», Петербургский двор рассматривал великого писателя и историка как своего идейного врага. В статье доказывается, что Чуди был также автором трех текстов на французском языке о Петре, опубликованных чехословацким ученым В. Черным. Атрибуция этих текстов Чуди позволяет лучше понять не только эволюцию отношения российского двора к Вольтеру и логику пропагандисткой политики России в это время, но и архитектуру ее пропагандисткой машины и роль, которая отводилась в ней франкоязычной прессе, издававшейся в России, до официального обращения Шувалова к Вольтеру с просьбой стать историографом русского императора.
Humans as Animals, Animals as Humans in Seventeenth-Century Russia
Authors: Halperin Charles J , Kleimola Ann M
Published: December 2020

The boundary between human and animal in seventeenth-century Russia was more porous than has been realized. In several witchcraft cases supposedly-bewitched humans were described as speaking like animals. Muscovite hagiography and miracle stories also portrayed the demon-possessed as speaking and acting like animals. This dehumanization of humans as animals constitutes the polar opposite of the anthropomorphizing of animals as humans in bestiaries, which depicted animals as possessing human characteristics. Visual evidence corroborates these connections between the bewitched and demon-possessed on the one hand, and animals on the other, by picturing demons and humans turning to sin with animal characteristics. Early demonic representations featured the eidalon, a Greek-based figure with animal features. This textual and visual material from seventeenth-century Muscovy zoomorphized the bewitched and demon-possessed by categorizing their behavior as beastly, as that of wild animals, and by projecting the attributes and emotions of animals onto human beings. Attributing human traits to an animal might be a compliment but ascribing traits to a human could only be a criticism, thus demonstrating and confirming the Muscovite premise of human superiority over animals.
Using Serious Games for Antismoking Health Campaigns: Experimental Study
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Song Hayeon , Merrill Jr Kelly , Jung Younbo , Kwon Remi Junghuem
Published: December 2020

Background

Serious games for health have been gaining in popularity among scholars and practitioners. However, there remain a few questions to be addressed.

Objective

This study tests the effects of a serious game and fear appeals on smoking-related outcomes. More specifically, this research aims to understand how serious games function as a more effective vehicle for a health campaign than a traditional medium, such as a print-based pamphlet. Further, while serious games utilize a variety of persuasive strategies in the game’s content, it is not clear whether fear appeals, which are widely used persuasive-message strategies for health, can be an effective strategy in serious games. Thus, we are testing the effect of fear appeals in a serious game.

Methods

We created a computer game and a print brochure to educate participants about the risks of smoking. More specifically, a flash-based single-player game was developed in which players were asked to avoid cigarettes in the gameplay context. We also developed an online brochure based on existing smoking-related brochures at a university health center; antismoking messages on the computer game and in the brochure were comparable. Then, an experiment using a 2 (media type: game vs. print) x 2 (fearful image: fear vs. no-fear) between-subjects design was conducted. The study recruitment was announced to undergraduate students enrolled in a large, public Midwestern university in the United States. After a screening test, a total of 72 smokers, who reported smoking in the past 30 days, participated in the experiment.

Results

Overall, gameplay, when compared to print-based pamphlets, had greater impacts on attitudes toward smoking and the intention to quit smoking. Further, the game’s persuasive effects were especially pronounced when messages contained fear appeals. When fearful images were presented, participants in the game condition reported significantly more negative attitudes toward social smoking than those in the print condition [F(1,67)=7.28; P=.009; ηp2=0.10]. However, in the no-fear condition, there was no significant difference between the conditions [F(1,67)=0.25; P=.620]. Similarly, the intention to quit smoking [F(1,67)=4.64; P=.035; ηp2=0.07] and susceptibility [F(1,67)=6.92; P=.011; ηp2=0.09] were also significantly different between the conditions, but only when fear appeals were used.

Conclusions

This study extends fear appeal research by investigating the effects of different media types. It offers empirical evidence that a serious game can be an effective vehicle for fear appeals.
Prognostic nomogram to predict overall survival for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A population-based study of SEER database (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Chendong
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Accurate prediction is of great significance for patients’ survival outcome.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to propose a prognostic nomogram for predicting the overall survival (OS) for patients with pCCA.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis in a total of 940 patients enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and developed a nomogram based on the prognostic factors identified from the cox regression analysis. Concordance index (C-index), risk group stratification and calibration curves were adopted to test the discrimination and calibration ability of the nomogram with bootstrap method. Decision curves were also plotted to evaluate net benefits in clinical use against TNM staging system.

RESULTS

On the basis of multivariate analysis, five independent prognostic factors including age, summary stage, surgery, chemotherapy, together with radiation were selected and entered into the nomogram model. The C-index of the model was significantly higher than TNM system in the training set (0.703 vs 0.572, P<0.001), which was also proved in the validation set (0.718 vs 0.588, P<0.001). The calibration curves for 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS probabilities exhibited good agreements between the nomogram-predicted and the actual observation. Decision curves displayed that the nomogram obtained more net benefits than TNM staging system in clinical context. The OS curves of two distinct risk groups stratified by nomogram-predicted survival outcome illustrated statistical difference.

CONCLUSIONS

We established and validated an easy-to-use prognostic nomogram, which can provide more accurate individualized prediction and assistance in decision making for pCCA patients.
Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento maya
Authors: Velásquez García Erik
Published: December 2020

A escasos meses de haber perdido al gran Maestro don Miguel León-Portilla (1926-2019), quiero rendir un sencillo homenaje a su memoria hablando de Tiempo y realidad en el pensamiento maya, obra que marcó el futuro de mi vida personal y profesional, al haber disfrutado su lectura en 1990, cuando yo era apenas estudiante del Plantel 7 “Ezequiel A. Chávez” de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria. Aún recuerdo con vívido placer la grata impresión que me causaron las imágenes de las inscripciones jeroglíficas mayas, así como la profundidad cronosófica de aquella pretérita cultura, de la que poco o nada yo sabía por entonces.
In Piltlajtoanpili
Authors: Arnold Hernández Berenice
Published: December 2020

El lenguaje es una de las manifestaciones culturales más importantes e impresionantes de todos los tiempos. Por momentos, gracias a este, se pueden concretizar fragmentos del pensamiento humano, y ello resulta aún más sorprendente cuando se comprende que una palabra puede convertirse en una ventana que permite observar la concepción del mundo desde otra cultura. México es un país inmensamente rico por diversos factores, entre los que sobresale la multiculturalidad que abriga su tierra; reflejo de ello son las distintas lenguas que se hablan en el país.
Selection of membranes and reagents for membrane facilities operation to treat ground water
Authors: Golovesov Vladimir A. , Rudakova Galina Ya. , Pervov Alexei G. , Spitsov Dmitriy V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. New techniques to operate reverse osmosis facilities are presented as well as problems and disadvantages are discussed that vodocanals face with, such as: imported chemicals, high operational costs, low reliability, concentrate handling and disposal. Main reasons that cause problems are understood. Experiments are described that provide evaluation of reagents efficiencies and ways to significantly decrease concentrate flows and reduce operational costs. A newly developed approach is presented that uses nanofiltration membranes and enables us to reduce chemical, energy and concentrate discharge costs. Goals — the investigation of antiscaling efficiencies together with use of membranes with different properties to reduce operational costs due to low chemical dosing, low pressure and energy consumption.

Materials and methods. Experiments are conducted to evaluate inhibiting efficiencies using different antiscalant doses and different membranes. Experimental method is describe to calculate rates of calcium carbonate formation as a function of coefficient K (Initial Volume Reduction coefficient) value. To provide economical comparison of different water treatment techniques, operational costs are evaluated depending on operational parameters, such as: coefficient K, working pressure antiscalant dose values as well as membrane type used.

Results. Main relationships are obtained of calcium carbonate scaling rates that provide chemical consumption, concentrate flow rate and power consumption. Using two ground water compositions examples are calculated to predict product water composition for different membranes and of feed water and product water flows. Operational costs are calculated for both cases.

Conclusions. To reduce hardness of the ground water nanofiltration membranes can be efficiently applied that ensures low operational costs of membrane facility. Application of nanofiltration membranes possess lower scaling propensities and therefore enables us to use smaller doses of aniscalants added to feed water. Despite the increased amount of membrane elements required to furnish membrane facility, the total operational costs amount is lower due to lower chemical costs (antiscalants and cleaning agents), energy costs as well as payments for concentrate disposal.
PENGUJIAN ADAPTASI BEBERAPA KLON KARET PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Sayurandi Sayurandi , Suhendry Irwan , Pasaribu Syarifah Aini
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja beberapa klon karet pada pengujian adaptasi selama masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Sebanyak sembilan klon karet yaitu  IRR 5, IRR 104,  IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 119, IRR 230, PB 217, RRIM 921, RRII 105 dan klon pembanding PB 260 diuji dalam penelitian ini. Pengujian adaptasi dilakukan pada dua daerah yang memiliki agroekosistem yang berbeda, yaitu  Gunung Tua yang  terletak di Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara  memiliki iklim yang lebih kering dan Batang Toru terletak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan memiliki iklim yang lebih basah. Pengujian adaptasi dibangun pada tahun 2005 dan 2007 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pengamatan karakter  pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 2, 3 dan 4 tahun, sedangkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit diamati pada umur 4 tahun. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora diamati pada umur 3 tahun. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa klon IRR 104 dan IRR 118 memiliki pertumbuhan yang cukup jagur di daerah kering, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 112, PB 217 dan RRIM 921 memiliki pertumbuhan paling jagur pada kondisi iklim lebih basah. Berdasarkan karakter tebal kulit dan anatomi kulit menunjukkan klon IRR 5, PB 217, RRII 105, dan RRIM 921 memiliki karakter tebal kulit paling tinggi, sedangkan klon IRR 5, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 118, dan IRR 230 memiliki karakter anatomi kulit yang cukup baik. Semua klon yang diuji tergolong agak resisten hingga resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Oidium, Colletotrichum, dan Corynespora.Diterima : 8 Oktober 2013; Direvisi : 24 Desember 2013; Disetujui : 4 Maret 2014  How to Cite : Sayurandi., Suhendry, I., & Pasaribu, S. A. (2014). Pengujian adaptasi beberapa klon karet pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 1-9. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/144
EFEKTIVITAS BAKTERI ANTAGONIS (Pseudomonas sp.) UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT CABANG JAMUR UPAS (Corticium salmonicolor)
Authors: Fairuzah Zaida , Dalimunthe Cici Indriani , Daslin Aidi
Published: December 2020

Penyakit jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor) pada batang dan cabang tanaman karet tidak sepopuler serangan penyakit daun maupun akar meskipun demikian dampak kerugian yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan cabang dan batang cukup tinggi terutama di daerah yang mempunyai curah hujan tinggi dan kelembaban tinggi. Untuk itu perlu ditemukan mikroorganisme antagonis efektif dan efisien untuk  pengendalian  penyakit cabang jamur upas seperti bakteri Pseudomonas sp. Oleh karena itu, perlu penegasan mengenai keefektivan dari Pseudomonas sp. tersebut dengan melakukan pengujian kembali. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara mengoleskan Pseudomonas sp. pada cabang yang terserang jamur upas dengan berbagai tingkat serangan. Perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak empat kali dengan interval satu minggu. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 7 perlakuan yang terdiri dari Pseudomonas sp (tanpa penyimpanan, satu bulan penyimpanan, dua bulan penyimpanan, dan tiga bulan penyimpanan), dua macam fungisida kimia (Triadimefon dan Heksakonazol), dan kontrol (tanpa aplikasi). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan 20 tanaman sampel pada setiap unitnya. Pengamatan dilaksanakan setiap bulan setelah aplikasi ke empat dengan parameter persentase kesembuhan penyakit. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan lima persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas sp. dengan penyimpanan selama tiga bulan memiliki kemampuan terbaik mengendalikan penyakit jamur upas di lapangan dengan persentase kesembuhan mencapai 80,49%. Hal ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan fungisida kimia tetapi berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Diterima : 30 Juli 2013; Direvisi : 2 September 2013; Disetujui : 27 Maret 2014  How to Cite : Fairuzah, Z., Dalimunthe, C. I., & Daslin, A. (2014). Efektivitas bakteri antagonis (Pseudomonas sp.) Untuk mengendalikan penyakit cabang jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor). Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(1), 37-44. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/149
Sampul Depan 32 1 2014
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: December 2020

Sampul Depan 32 1 2014
PEMEKATAN LATEKS KEBUN SECARA CEPAT DENGAN PROSES SENTRIFUGASI PUTARAN RENDAH
Authors: Prastanto Henry , Falaah Asron Ferdian , Maspanger Dadi R.
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kombinasi proses pendadihan dan sentrifugasi, untuk meningkatkan kecepatan pendadihan dengan menggunakan mesin sentrifugasi kecepatan rendah. Lateks pekat adalah salah satu jenis produk komersial dari industri karet dan masih diproduksi oleh pabrik besar, umumnya dibuat dari mesin sentrifugasi yang biaya investasinya mahal. Hal inilah yang menjadi hambatan bagi industri kecil untuk terjun dalam industri lateks pekat. Untuk memproduksi lateks pekat dari lateks kebun dapat dilakukan dengan proses sentrifugasi putaran tinggi (9000-15000 rpm) dan pendadihan. Lateks dadih adalah lateks pekat, dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan pendadih misalnya CMC dan alginat dalam tangki secara batch selama 1-2 minggu dan proses pendadihan ini kecepatan pemisahannya sangat lambat, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama, akibatnya lateks pekat yang diproduksi dengan teknik pendadihan tidak populer di industri. Dalam penelitian ini sebuah mesin sentrifugasi didisain sederhana dan diharapkan layak digunakan oleh industri kecil menengah, digerakkan dengan motor 5 HP dengan kecepatan maksimum 5000 rpm dan mempunyai kapasitas sekitar 5-6 liter lateks kebun. Untuk memproduksi lateks dadih sekitar 5 liter lateks kebun per jam, bahan pendadih CMC ditambahkan ke lateks kebun  dengan dosis 0 sampai 0,2%. Waktu sentrifugasi divariasikan selama 0 sampai 60 menit pada kecepatan 5000 rpm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kondisi optimum untuk memperoleh Kadar Karet Kering di atas 60% diperoleh pada dosis CMC hanya 0,1% dengan waktu sentrifugasi selama 45 menit. Diterima : 25 April 2014; Direvisi : 18 Mei 2014; Disetujui : 9 Juli 2014  How to Cite : Prastanto, H., Falaah, A. F., & Maspanger, D. R. (2014). Pemekatan lateks kebun secara cepat dengan proses sentrifugasi putaran rendah. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 32(2), 181-188. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/163