bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition to support a healthy skeleton
Authors: Beketova H.V. , Klymova Yu.V.
Published: July 2024

Background. Bone tissue is actively exposed to environmental factors and lifestyle. Since the bone mass accumulated in childhood will determine the state of the skeleton during a person’s subsequent life, it is necessary to promote its maximum increase. Sufficient nutrition is one of the main factors in maintaining bone health. The purpose of our study was to determine the level of daily basic nutrient intake among schoolchildren and to reveal its relationship with clinical disorders of the musculoske­letal system. Materials and methods. Using a computer program, we assessed the actual diet of 65 schoolchildren aged from 8 to 17 years. Results. It was found that 90 % of children were deficient in iodine and calcium, and more than 70 % were deficient in zinc and selenium. The deficiency of potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, fluorine, manganese, and phosphorus was less pronounced. A significant deficiency of vitamin D, β-carotene, vitamin A, biotin, and vitamin E was noted. In almost half of the examined children, the share of saturated fatty acids in the diet exceeds the recommended norm, while the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids is significantly reduced. In 93.8 % of schoolchildren, the nutritional ratio between calcium and phosphorus is disturbed. Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the unbalanced diet of schoolchildren and inconsistency with physiological needs. Deficiency of a number of nutrients can contribute to musculoskeletal pain, convulsive syndrome, fractures, caries and recurrent respiratory di­sease.
Program to optimise detecting growth hormone deficiency in children and increase adherence to replacement therapy
Authors: Aryayev M.L. , Senkivska L.I. , Senkivska Y.D.
Published: July 2024

Background. The significance of this study lies in the fact that short stature is highly prevalent among children, affec­ting 1–5 % of the population and having diverse causes. The child’s growth potential in the long term is largely depends on the effectiveness of the diagnostic system and the level of adherence to the prescribed therapy. The purpose was to improve the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children and adherence to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy based on information about the regional prevalence of the disease and barriers to adherence. Materials and methods. A follow-up study was conducted from 2012 to 2020 at the Odesa Regional Children’s Hospital. The cohort included 94 children with GHD. The prevalence was determined by calculating the ratio of the number of all detected GHD cases to the children population per 100,000. Adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. The statistical processing of the results was done using t-test and chi-square methods, and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. An assessment of GHD prevalence, the level of adherence and the frequency of continuity of rhGH therapy in children in the Odesa region at the end of 2014 revealed the incompleteness of regional diagnosis of the disease (in Odesa, 1 : 11,200; in the Odesa region, 1 : 10,800), as well as a low level of acceptable adhe­rence (in 57.4 %) and insufficient frequency of continuity of therapy (in 76.9 %). These data formed the basis of the regional program for optimizing the identification and management of GHD in children, which included organizational, medical and social measures. By the end of 2020, the prevalence of GHD in Odesa was 1 : 4,300, and in the Odesa region, 1 : 5,100. The rate of acceptable adherence to rhGH therapy increased to 80.0 %, and frequency of continuity of therapy to 91.1 %. Conclusions. The regional program designed to improve the detection and management of GHD in children has been found to improve the diagnosis of the disease, increase adhe­rence to rhGH therapy, and the frequency of continuity of treatment. High adherence to treatment is a bioethical issue because it signifies a good partnership between physicians, children, and parents and indicates respect for patient autonomy.
Factors of postembryonic ontogeny: relationship with the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in children
Authors: Bodnia K.I. , Zosimov A.M. , Asoyan І.M. , Kondratyuk V.V. , Navet T.І. , Khodosh E.M. , Makarenko V.D.
Published: July 2024

Background. A child’s body as a functional system is formed starting from the fetal period. Therefore, analysis of even distant in time situations allows to identify factors that affect the functioning of the child’s body in the present time and, possibly, the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis in children. Materials and methods. To study the presence of a correlation between factors of postembryonic ontogeny and the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis in children, an analysis was carried out of 300 patients aged 0 to 17 years in the early period of primary tuberculosis infection, who underwent a 3-month course of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid. The dynamics of shin sensitivity according to the Mantoux test with 2 tuberculin units was used as a criterion for the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis. Depending on the latter, the exa­minees were divided into two groups: a group with effective chemoprophylaxis (n = 200), in which the size of a wheal after the end of the course decreased by 4 mm or more, and a group with ineffective chemoprophylaxis, in which skin sensitivity to tuberculin increased or remained at the previous level or decreased in the size of a wheal by 3 mm or less. Results. The analysis showed that in the group with ineffective chemoprophylaxis compared to the alternative group, the following occurred significantly more often: short-term (up to 4 months) breast feeding, a history of acute bronchitis (p < 0.001) in a child, acute obstructive bronchitis. In addition, the following were characteristic of this group: the presence of tuberculosis contact (p < 0.001), tuberculosis contact with a patient with confirmed bacterial excretion (p < 0.001), age of child under 6 years (p < 0.001), the number (two and more) of concomitant pathologies (p < 0.001), a single BCG vaccination (p < 0.001), as well as the winter seasona­lity of chemoprophylaxis (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Significant correlations have been found between many factors of postembryonic ontogeny and the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis in children, which allows them to be used for prognostic purposes. The closest connections with the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis in children was revealed for the presence of tuberculosis contact (ϕ = 1.08; p < 0.001), especially with a patient with confirmed bacterial excretion (ϕ = 1.72; p < 0.001), as well as the number of concomitant pathologies in a child (ϕ = 0.70; p < 0.001) and manifestations of allergy (ϕ = 0.67; p < 0.001).
A child is worried about heartburn: modern views on the problem and possibilities of non-pharmacological support
Authors: Belousova O.Yu. , Pavlenko N.V. , Voloshyn K.V. , Solodovnichenko I.G. , Вabadzhanian O.M. , Shutova O.V. , Voloshyna L.G. , Hanzii O.B.
Published: July 2024

Background. The relevance is associated with a significant spread of dyspeptic symptoms in children. On average, every third-fourth child with such symptoms complains of heartburn, which is a frequent reason for consulting a doctor. For the pediatric category of patients, not only the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of pathological conditions associated with heartburn are important, but also the awareness of the parents of our patients and the children themselves about the possibilities of providing ade­quate first aid, safe and effective use of effective non-medicinal means. The purpose: to study the clinical effectiveness of using the special drink ISOTA for the first aid and preliminary treatment of children with heartburn in non-erosive reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and a combination of these conditions (overlap of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia). Materials and methods. Design: a single-center, open-label, pilot clinical trial. Fifty-four children aged 7–18 years with heartburn and other dyspeptic complaints were under observation. The study included 2 stages. The diagnosis was verified by means of surveys (GERDQ and QOLRAD questionnaires) and the use of fibrogastroscopy, endoscopic pH-metry. The results were recorded in the developed individual patient card and statistically processed. Results. Results of the study presented in the corresponding section testify to the high effectiveness of using ISOTA to eliminate heartburn and reduce other dyspeptic symptoms, as well as to a reliable improvement in the psychoemotional state, general well-being and quality of life of patients. Conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to recommend a slightly carbonated hydrocarbonate-containing special drink developed in Ukraine for a long-term use in a treatment course or as needed, and prophylactically to prevent heartburn and other dyspeptic symptoms in children, taking into account the high profile of effectiveness, safety and good tolerabi­lity.
Monitoring the level of satisfaction with the quality of training in pediatrics of undergraduates on the specialty 222 “Medicine” of the Faculty for Training of Foreign Citizens of the Bogomolets National Medical University
Authors: Gryshchenko N.V. , Kovalchuk O.L.
Published: July 2024

Background. Monitoring the level of satisfaction of undergraduates on the specialty 222 “Medicine” concerning their training in pediatrics and the level of mastering the necessary competencies is an important marker that allows timely assessment of the quality of the educational services provision, as well as the improvement and expansion of their range in relation to the students’ needs. Objective: to analyze the satisfaction level of the students’ training in pediatrics and to determine ways of improving the teaching of pediatric disciplines to the 6th year foreign students on the specialty 222 “Medicine” at the Department of Pediatrics 2 of the Bogomolets National Medical University based on the anonymous survey results. Materials and methods. The survey was conducted using 4–5-point Likert scale questionnaire in Google Form. Results. Practically all students were basically satisfied with the knowledge obtained in pediatric disciplines they studied at the Department of Pediatrics 2 from the 2nd to the 6th years, with a special emphasis on preparation during the graduation year. Only one third (34.7 %) of respondents in general noted that the organization and delivery of an online training did not deteriorate the quality of knowledge and practical skills in pediatrics. The respondents were particularly interested in sections of pediatrics such as cardiology, rheumatology, pulmonology and neonatology. The insufficient satisfaction of higher education seekers with level of their knowledge in propaedeutics of pediatrics, pathology of young children and pediatric cardiology requires a corresponding correction of the curriculum — an increase in the number of academic hours in these sections of pediatrics and more effective use of the self-directed independent learning. Conclusions. Monitoring the satisfaction level is an effective method of communication with medical undergraduates aimed at identifying problems and improving the effectiveness of training and educational process for foreign students, who in general positively evaluated the results of their five-year study of pediatric disciplines at the Department of Pediatrics 2 of the Bogomolets National Medical University.
Particulars of breastfeeding age in preterm child (case report)
Authors: Bulat L.M. , Lysunets O.V. , Didyk N.V.
Published: July 2024

Background. General physicians often encounter preterm infants and adverse sequelae of prematurity-related morbidities. Interruption of intrauterine development leads to considerable deficits in the internal organs structure and function. It can lead to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria and metabolic abnormalities that persist throughout life. Children born early or low birth weight (LBW) infants also have relatively increased risk for the deve­lopment of kidney injury later in life. Often these infants have history of treatment at the intensive care unit due to hypoxic damage or inflammatory response that also affects kidneys necessitating the use of nephrotoxic medications. The treatment and diagnosis outcomes were applied to make a conclusion about clinical features of the preterm 7-month-old girl. The data were analyzed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The aim is to summarize particulars of breastfeeding period in a LBW baby, providing a physician with practical information regar­ding organization of a follow-up. Material and methods. The baby was moderately preterm (32–33 weeks of gestation) with LBW (2100 g). Her mother was consulted regarding hypertension and threat of miscarriage during pregnancy. The child had renal borderline states in the newborn period. Apgar score was low, neonatal resuscitation and respiratory support by the continuous positive airway pressure were used. The newborn had poor regulation of body temperature, depended on environmental factors and prone to rapid heat loss, so she was nursed in incubator. A feeding tube was used despite poor sucking at the first days after delivery and breastfeeding was continued as soon as possible. Eventually, formula feeding was started. Results. Fever, vomiting, dehydration, loss of body weight and oliguria appeared in the 7-month-old baby after the upper respiratory tract infection. Examination showed the stigmas, neurodevelopmental delay, physical growth gap. Blood tests revealed anemia of the first stage and a rapid increase in the level of white blood cells with a left shift and electrolyte imbalance. The laboratory tests of primary and secondary hemostasis were normal. Physical, chemical and microscopic urine properties were changed according to results of urine test. The sonography revealed changes in renal tissue and thymic hyperplasia. The child was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis and treated. Conclusions. Physicians should focus attention on the stigmas, neurodevelopmental delay, physical growth gap, life history, clinical signs and results of examination to make timely conclusion about child’s general state. Kidney injury could be diagnosed in preterm LBW infants.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis — interdisciplinary aspects of childhood medicine
Authors: Mokia-Serbina S.O. , Fesenko V.I.
Published: July 2024

Scientific research in recent years has increased the interest of clinicians in the role of microorganisms in maintai­ning health and the occurrence of diseases. In most cases, fungal lesions of the oral mucosa are a manifestation of numerous somatic diseases and the results of their treatment and contri­bute to complications. To write this article, the information was searched ­using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Med Zine, Pub Med, Google Scholar, the new version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and the Standards of Care “Rational use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes” (2023) were taken into account. The review presents data from the world literature on the role of fungal infection in the development of oropharyngeal candidiasis in children, current perspectives on the mechanism of its formation, clinical manifestations and diagnosis. A comparative characterization of the recommendations of national and foreign guidelines and a generalization of retrospective analyzes on the feasibility of prescribing systemic antifungal drugs for candidal lesions of the oral mucosa and possible methods of correction for mycoecological disorders in children are given. In the context of the presented problem, an integrated approach of a primary care physician, dentist and pediatrician to the diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in children is recommended. Timely diagnosis of oropharyngeal candidiasis in children, individual selection of antifungal drugs, synbiotics and multicomponent agents based on probiotics should be a priority area of joint work of general practitioners — family physicians, pediatricians and dentists.
Field Research on Corruption in Private Enterprise -- Taking the "Criminal Law Amendment (12)" as an Opportunity
Authors: Cong Yujun
Published: July 2024

For a long time, the governance strategy of corruption crimes in private enterprises has been mainly based on norms and ignoring facts, which may lead to poor governance of related crimes. In terms of the governance of corruption crimes within private enterprises, the characteristics of enterprise management mode, organizational structure, and form of power distribution are ignored, which may limit the protective function of the criminal law, and even cause problems such as excessive involvement of the criminal law and abuse of rights. In terms of bribery prevention, failure to fully consider the complex forms of bribery may lead to those enterprises and their households that are still worth saving may be mired in litigation, which will further lead to negative social effects. Based on the complex reality of China's private enterprises, a localized and comprehensive corruption crime governance strategy should be put forward from the perspective of enterprises and their households.
Reproducible and Attributable Materials Science Curation Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Li Ye , Wilson Sara , Altman Micah
Published: July 2024

While small labs produce much of the fundamental experimental research in Material Science and Engineering (MSE), little is known about their data management and sharing practices and the extent to which they promote trust in, and transparency of, the published research.
In this research, we conduct a case study of a leading MSE research lab to characterize the limits of current data management and sharing practices concerning reproducibility and attribution. We systematically reconstruct the workflows, underpinning four research projects by combining interviews, document review, and digital forensics. We then apply information graph analysis and computer-assisted retrospective auditing to identify where critical research information is unavailable or at risk.
We find that while data management and sharing practices in this leading lab protect against computer and disk failure, they are insufficient to ensure reproducibility or correct attribution of work — especially when a group member withdraws before project completion.  
We conclude with recommendations for adjustments to MSE data management and sharing practices to promote trustworthiness and transparency by adding lightweight automated file-level auditing and automated data transfer processes.
The popular scientific book-based coastal gastropod’s diversity as local potential: Practicality and effectiveness on student’s critical thinking ability
Authors: Fajeriadi Hery , Zaini Muhammad , Dharmono D. , Nugroho Bimo Aji , Fahmi F. , Fitriani Antung
Published: July 2024

Developing learning tools based on local potential is necessary because it directly relates to students' daily lives. One of them is a Popular Science Book (PSB), which highlights the potential of gastropods in coastal areas as a subject for observing biodiversity. The implementation of assessments and the value of students' critical thinking abilities still need to be improved. This research aimed to implement the PSB based on its practicality and effectiveness in improving students' critical thinking abilities. The research method used formative evaluation, focused on testing the practicality and efficacy of valid development products. Practicality was analysed based on student response tests through the percentage of responses and the implementation of the learning plan (LP) through categorization. Furthermore, effectiveness was analysed based on student learning outcomes through the percentage of completeness and achievement of critical thinking ability indicators through the N-gain test. The research results prove that the PSB developed was practical and effective. Apperception and interpretation were two of the three stages of implementation of the LP that received the highest average, where students could provide theoretical ideas based on appreciation of environmental issues. This was also supported by the student's critical thinking ability tests, where the interpretation aspect obtained the highest N-gain. The development of local potential-based PSB shows positive impacts, especially ease of use, interest in learning, motivation, apperception, and interpretation. However, it is still necessary to study in more depth the causal factors and solutions for the differences in results between the implementation of the LP at the conclusion stage and the indicators of critical thinking in the inference aspect.
Implementing ARVi media to enhance students high order cognitive skills
Authors: Indriani Risda Putri , Kurniati Tri Handayani , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi
Published: July 2024

High-order cognitive skills (HOCS) are required to solve problems and make decisions. ARVi or augmented reality virus is a learning medium used to enhance HOCS. Aims of this research is to find out the effect of implementing ARVi media on enhancing high-level cognitive skills of students. The research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted in MAN 1 Kota Bogor class 10 using the Merdeka curriculum. The research instrument is a multiple-choice test that has been validated to measure high-level cognitive skills. The result of the t-test shows t-value (3.14) > t-table (1.98), indicating that there is a significant difference between the posttest scores of the control group and the experimental group. This means that the use of ARVi media has an effect on high-level cognitive skills. The improvement in high-level cognitive skills was continuous in C5 (evaluation) at 78%, C6 (creation) at 72%, and C4 (analysis) at 70%. These results are not independent of the support provided by the various content offered by ARVi media, such as augmented reality, literacy, and high-level questionnaires. Current education can benefit from technologies like ARVi media that help increase the high-level cognitive skills of students.
Feasibility of submaterial module for reproductive system disorders based on inventory of medical plants
Authors: Khairunnisa K. , Panjaitan Ruqiah Ganda Putri , Titin T. , Jia Zhang
Published: July 2024

Modules are teaching materials designed to be studied by students independently or with minimal guidance from educators because they are equipped with their learning instructions. This study aims to determine the feasibility of teaching materials for reproductive system disorders submaterial modules from the inventory of medicinal plants that facilitate and relieve menstrual pain in Tumiang Village, Samalantan District, Bengkayang Regency. The research method was used research and development (R&D) Borg and Gall model, including potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, and product revision. The validation of the teaching materials was done by five validators using validation sheets. The aspects assessed in the validation sheet consist of content, language, presentation, and graphics. The validation data were analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). The results of the validation of the module’s instructional materials yielded a CVR value of 1.00 for each criterion with a valid category and a CVI value of 1.00 with a valid category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the module on reproductive system disorders from the results of the inventory of medicinal plants that facilitate and relieve menstrual pain is suitable for use as teaching material.
Theoretical frameworks of self-efficacy in collaborative science learning practices: A systematic literature review
Authors: Marlina Reni , Suwono Hadi , Ibrohim I. , Yuenyong Chokchai , Husamah H. , Hamdani H.
Published: July 2024

Theoretical framework is one of the main parts of the research paper, so that researchers are expected to be able to determine the relevant theory that underlies their research. The purpose of conducting this systematic literature review (SLR) is to review of theoretical framework, compare, and describe various theoretical research frameworks in an investigative manner on the theme of self-efficacy in collaborative science learning that underlies publications in Scopus indexed journals in the last ten years. In this regard, we used the phrase "self-efficacy in collaborative science learning" on the disbursement menu in the Scopus database and found 711 articles. There were 63 articles that met the criteria for analysis. The inclusion and exclusion model used is PRISMA. The newly discovered aspects consist of community of practice, professional learning community, and reflection, which are as a result of the development of a theory of change and a theory of instruction constructed from theoretical frameworks in the recent collaborative science learning practices literature. Therefore, the development of this theory can be considered as a theoretical basis for developing the self-efficacy of prospective science teachers in collaborative learning in the future. The purpose of conducting this systematic literature review (SLR) is to review, compare, and describe various theoretical research frameworks in an investigative manner on the theme of self-efficacy in collaborative science learning that underlies publications in Scopus indexed journals in the last ten years. In this regard, we used the phrase "self-efficacy in collaborative science learning" on the disbursement menu in the Scopus database and found 711 articles. There were 63 articles that met the criteria for analysis. The inclusion and exclusion model used is PRISMA. The newly discovered aspects consist of community of practice, professional learning community, and reflection, which are as a result of the development of a theory of change and a theory of instruction constructed from theoretical frameworks in the recent collaborative science learning practices literature. Therefore, the development of this theory can be considered as a theoretical basis for developing the self-efficacy of prospective science teachers in collaborative learning in the future.
Fiqih al-Hadits lil-Imam Malik fi Kitabihi “Al-Muwatta”: Syarah Hadits “Fiman Adraka Rak'atan” Namuzajan
Authors: Sofyan Nur Baety
Published: July 2024

This study aims to delve into the jurisprudence of hadith in the book “Al-Muwatta” by Imam Malik, with a specific focus on the explanation of the hadith “Man Adraka Rak`atan” as an example. An inductive and analytical approach is employed to elucidate several concepts, including the understanding of Imam Malik, the significance of the book “Al-Muwatta”, and the application of hadith jurisprudence in the book. The research begins with an explanation of Imam Malik and his book “Al-Muwatta”, as well as an introduction to the concept of hadith jurisprudence. The hadith jurisprudence method used by Imam Malik in “Al-Muwatta” is analyzed through the study of the hadith “Man Adraka Rak`atan”. The study concludes by presenting the main findings and citing the references used as the theoretical foundation. The findings reveal two main points: first, the understanding of hadith jurisprudence as the process of extracting legal rulings from hadith texts in accordance with Islamic jurisprudential principles; second, the application of hadith jurisprudence in the book “Al-Muwatta” by Imam Malik, which includes the methods used and other principles such as the authenticity of transmission, consistency in avoiding contradictions, and comprehension in line with the textual meaning.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami fikih hadis dalam kitab “Al-Muwatta” karya Imam Malik, dengan fokus pada penjelasan hadis “Man Adraka Rak`atan” sebagai contoh. Pendekatan induktif dan analitis digunakan untuk memperjelas beberapa konsep, termasuk pemahaman tentang Imam Malik, pentingnya kitab “Al-Muwatta”, dan penerapan fikih hadis dalam kitab tersebut. Penelitian dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai Imam Malik dan kitab “Al-Muwatta”, serta pengenalan konsep fikih hadis. Metode fikih hadis yang digunakan oleh Imam Malik dalam “Al-Muwatta” dianalisis melalui studi terhadap hadis “Man Adraka Rak`atan”. Penelitian ini diakhiri dengan menyajikan hasil-hasil utama yang dicapai dan menyebutkan referensi yang digunakan sebagai landasan teoritis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan dua hal utama: pertama, pengertian fikih hadis sebagai proses mengekstraksi hukum-hukum dari teks hadis sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip fikih Islam; kedua, penerapan fikih hadis dalam kitab “Al-Muwatta” karya Imam Malik, yang meliputi metode yang digunakan dan kaidah-kaidah lainnya seperti keaslian transmisi, keamanan dari pertentangan, dan pemahaman sesuai dengan makna teks.
Hadith Ahkam and the Qualifications for Fiqh Development
Authors: Saleh Fauzi
Published: July 2024

Hadith Ahkam has historically received insufficient attention in the development of Islamic law, despite its critical role as the second primary source after the Quran. This qualitative study employs an Ulumul Hadith approach and utilizes documentation methods. The findings reveal, first, that Hadith Ahkam comprises the sayings, actions, and tacit approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with legal implications. Hadith Ahkam plays a significant role in the development of Islamic law, covering various aspects such as worship (ibadah), transactions (muamalah), and marriage (munakahah). Therefore, there is a need for a more representative understanding methodology to address contemporary issues from the perspective of the Sunnah of the Prophet. Second, the qualifications of a mujtahid in developing fiqh related to ahkam include proficiency in the Arabic language, understanding of Fiqh and Usul Fiqh, knowledge of Ilm Mukhtalaf al-Hadith, and awareness of classical and contemporary scholarly developments.
Analyzing Hadith Sanad Validity: Steps to Assess Acceptance and Authenticity
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini
Published: July 2024

Hadith does not possess the same textual certainty (qath'i al-wurud) and argument certainty (qath'i al-dalalah) as the Qur'an. Therefore, the discipline of hadith science was developed to ensure the authenticity of hadith through sanad (chain of transmission) and matan (content) criticism. Sanad criticism focuses on tracing the origin of hadith based on its narrators, while matan criticism evaluates the content of the text. This article aims to identify and verify the quality and authenticity of hadith by conducting an in-depth analysis of the sanad and matan. By exploring the characteristics and credibility of the narrators and the integrity of their transmission chain, the study distinguishes between sahih, hasan, and dha'if hadith based on authenticity and content relevance. Through the science of Takhrij al-Hadith, this research demonstrates that the validation of hadith authenticity is an essential and ongoing effort to preserve and understand the authentic teachings of Islam. The study also emphasizes the importance of Jarh wa Ta’dil in determining the fairness and precision of narrators, as well as investigating shudhudh (inconsistencies) and 'illat (hidden defects) in hadith.
The Role of Jarh wa Ta'dil in Hadith Authentication
Authors: Ismail Nurjannah
Published: July 2024

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The science of Jarh wa Ta'dil plays a pivotal role in the authentication of hadiths, aiding in determining the reliability of narrators. Through comprehensive definitions and classifications, Jarh wa Ta'dil provides a systematic approach to evaluate the integrity and precision of narrators. This study elucidates that Jarh, in its technical sense, refers to identifying characteristics that undermine a narrator’s reliability, while Ta'dil involves affirming qualities that establish a narrator’s trustworthiness. The conditions for scholars performing Jarh and Ta'dil are stringent, requiring profound knowledge, piety, honesty, and a thorough understanding of the causes of Jarh and Ta'dil. Mastery of the Arabic language and the ability to avoid bias are also emphasized to ensure accurate assessments. Methods used by scholars to evaluate narrators include relying on the reputation of narrators among other scholars and recommendations from just individuals. Conflicts between Jarh and Ta'dil are addressed by considering differing scholarly opinions. The study identifies six levels of Ta'dil and six levels of Jarh, which aid scholars in making nuanced judgments about narrators. In conclusion, the science of Jarh wa Ta'dil is indispensable for preserving the authenticity of hadiths, ensuring that only reliable narrations are accepted, and maintaining the integrity of Islamic teachings.
Navigating Contemporary Islamic Reason: An Epistemological Analysis of Mohammed Arkoun
Authors: Hidayatulloh Taufik
Published: July 2024

This research examines the profound epistemological critique and semiotic analysis of Islamic thought by Mohammed Arkoun, focusing on his challenge to traditional paradigms within Islamic scholarship. Arkoun argues that Islamic reason has historically been confined by dogmatic interpretations, which has limited its evolution in the context of modern challenges. Employing a historical-critical methodology and a semiotic approach, Arkoun seeks to uncover layers of meaning that have been obscured by traditionalist readings and to demonstrate the need for a more critical and dynamic interpretation of Islamic texts. Arkoun’s critique explores the historical, linguistic, and cultural contexts that shape Islamic thought, advocating for an approach that acknowledges the influence of these factors on religious interpretation. His analysis reveals how Islamic thought, if unchallenged and unchanged, risks stagnation in a rapidly evolving world. Through a detailed examination of Quranic discourse and the application of modern critical theories, Arkoun proposes a deconstruction of the 'thinkable' and challenges the 'unthinkable' within Islamic thought. This study emphasizes the importance of revisiting the epistemological foundations of Islamic knowledge to foster a more inclusive, reflective, and adaptive intellectual tradition. Arkoun's work provides valuable insights into the potential for Islamic thought to engage more profoundly with contemporary issues, urging a reform that embraces critical inquiry and the exploration of diverse interpretative possibilities.
Exploring the Dynamics of Understanding in Western Hermeneutics: From Reproducing Meaning to Rejecting Metanarratives
Authors: Al Munir M. Ied
Published: July 2024

This study aims to provide an overview of the dynamics of emerging understanding regarding Western hermeneutics. Two main questions are addressed: (1) What is meant by hermeneutics? and (2) How has thinking about understanding evolved in Western hermeneutics? The research employs historical and verstehen methods. Two key findings emerge. First, hermeneutics represents an effort or approach to comprehend and interpret various objects of study, ranging from sacred texts, historical writings, scientific literature, culture, to human existence itself. Second, Western hermeneutics encompasses diverse perspectives on understanding. Modern hermeneutics, exemplified by figures like Schleiermacher and Dilthey, tends toward reproductive understanding, aligning with the author’s intent. In contrast, contemporary hermeneutics, associated with Heidegger, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, exhibits a productive tendency, generating new insights through reader engagement. Critical hermeneutics, as articulated by Habermas, views interpretation as a liberating endeavor. Deconstructionist hermeneutics, influenced by Derrida, leans toward radical understanding. Finally, postmodern hermeneutics, championed by thinkers such as Lyotard and Vattimo, rejects metanarratives in interpretation.
Al-Suhrawardi's Knowledge Construction: A Philosophical Analysis of Illumination, Light, and Isyraqiyah Wisdom
Authors: Wahyudi Dedi , Yunus Firdaus M.
Published: July 2024

Suhrawardi's Isyraqiyah philosophy emerged as a critique of the perceived limitations within Aristotelian peripatetic philosophy. This study investigates the enduring significance of Suhrawardi’s teachings and their relevance in contemporary philosophical discourse. Employing a qualitative research methodology and an extensive literature review, we analyze Suhrawardi's philosophical contributions towards understanding the complexities of existence. Our findings highlight how Isyraqiyah philosophy promotes tranquility and contemplation, offering a blend of philosophical and spiritual reasoning. This philosophy provides profound insights into the multifaceted nature of existence, guiding individuals in navigating contemporary challenges. Thus, Suhrawardi's Isyraqiyah philosophy remains a vital source of enlightenment and guidance, offering a robust framework for philosophical and spiritual contemplation in modern contexts.
Contextualizing Muhammad Abduh’s Thought on Religious Tolerance in Indonesia
Authors: Nafakhati Arfada , Fitria Siti Nizarotul , Maulana M. Fajar , Anbiya Bakti Fatwa
Published: July 2024

Indonesia, characterized by its rich religious diversity, inevitably experiences variations in religious principles. Engaging in religious practices can sometimes lead to excessive fanaticism, resulting in conflicts and divisions within religious communities. To mitigate such challenges, fostering religious tolerance becomes crucial for promoting harmony. This qualitative research employs a library research method, analyzing secondary data sources to explore the concept of tolerance as interpreted by Muhammad Abduh, an Islamic theologian and reformist, in his work “Tafsir al-Manar.” Abduh’s interpretation aligns with Surah Al-Baqarah verse 256 from the Qur’an, emphasizing the importance of mutual respect and the freedom of belief without coercion. Given Indonesia’s context, where Islam is known for its openness, inclusivity, and problem-solving capabilities, studying and embracing the concept of tolerance from “Tafsir al-Manar” is highly relevant. The study concludes that Abduh’s perspectives on religious tolerance can significantly contribute to national harmony and the advancement of humanitarian values in Indonesia.
The Concept of Islamic Education by Abuddin Nata: Relevance and Application in Contemporary Islamic Education
Authors: Asafila Ina Machla , Maragustam Maragustam
Published: July 2024

This research delves into the comprehensive and adaptable concept of Islamic education as articulated by Abuddin Nata. The study aims to explore Abuddin Nata’s biography, his perspectives on Islamic education, and their relevance to contemporary Islamic educational practices. Employing a qualitative approach, specifically library research, this study draws from primary sources—books authored by Abuddin Nata—and secondary sources, including relevant books and journals. The analysis method employed is descriptive-analytical. The findings reveal that Abuddin Nata’s proposed Islamic education aligns with perennialist principles, emphasizing universality, balance, clarity, realism, and dynamism. These principles ensure that Islamic education remains steadfast in its core values, objectives, and distinctive features, despite societal changes. Abuddin Nata’s concept underscores a holistic and comprehensive approach grounded in divine values, making it relevant across different epochs. This study also highlights the alignment of Abuddin Nata's principles with modern educational frameworks, such as character education and competency-based curricula, showcasing their continued relevance.
Parsuna “Syuyumbike with her son Utyamysh”: a real image or fiction?
Authors: Gatina-Shafikova Dina F. ,   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is the parsuna “Syuyumbike with her son Utyamysh” as a historical and ethnographic source. The relevance of studying this type of visual materials lies in the possibility of identifying the transformation of Tatar women's costume. Taking into account the accumulated experience of ethnographic research and the preserved early written and visual materials, the article provides a comparative historical analysis of parsuna. The given piece, according to some estimates, dates back to the 17th–18th centuries. According to the author of the article, it was written no earlier than the beginning of the 19th century. The proposed dating is explained by the absence of characteristic elements of the Tatar woman's costume complex on the depicted Syuyumbike, which were present in drawn works of the earlier period. The image of Syuyumbike is reproduced in a young lady’s head-dress, which consists of a cone-shaped hat and a veil, and the woman next to her is wearing a women’s multi-piece head-dress. Taking into account the traditions of varying degrees of head coverage in the complexes of different age groups of Tatar women, we can conclude that the age of the depicted figures is clearly identifiable in the parsuna. The standing child, who is considered Utyamish, taking into account the early traditions of dressing boys in women’s clothing, is dressed in a girlish complex, repeating the image of a mother and a married woman. This is not typical of the traditional culture. In the 1850s edition, a similar piece was published, but “Syuyumbike” was not indicated in the title, which allows us to assume that that image was later included in an already existing image with reproduction of the clothes of young Tatar girls and married women.
Informative opportunities of audiovisual sources in exploration of the history and culture of the Tatar people
Authors: Galimzyanova Alina T. ,   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Cinema is the most valuable source in the study of socio-politicalsocio-cultural processes. This explains the popularity of using film documents in the research activities of scholars, including historians. The article provides a brief overview of the content of films made by Kazan filmmakers with an emphasis on films dedicated to the anniversaries of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The author identifies the main ideas promoted by the creators of the film and shows how they changed over time. The propaganda and agitation task, which is present in all films, is emphasized; in the conditions of a national region it was always accompanied by a demonstration of the historical and ethnocultural specifics of the region. Establishing the research activity on the principles of historicism, objectivity, complexity, as well as using the hermeneutic method when interpreting audiovisual sources, it was concluded that newsreel materials can serve as informative source material on the cultural, economic and political life of the republic in the Soviet times.
Visual sources about new Soviet rituals in a Tatar village in the 1970s
Authors: Khanipova Il’nara I. ,   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

In the 1960s–1970s in the Soviet society, formation of new civil rituals gained relevance. One of the newfound components was family and household (personal family) rituals – ceremonial registration and a wedding. The article reveals the process of introducing a new civil wedding ritual in a Tatar village in the 1970s. The sources include wedding photographs from the family archives of the Nurutdinovs, the Mamatovs, the Khakovs, and the Romazanovs – natives of different regions of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as the author’s field materials collected through in-depth and longitudinal interviews. Wedding photographs represent valuable illustrative material on the problem of the formation of a new “Soviet rituals” in the socio-cultural space of the village, including the destruction of the wedding image and deprivation of its national features and characteristics. They can be considered a multifaceted source upon which the formation of collective memory about the Soviet past is based.
The ritual of “qoʻsh chiqarish” among Uzbeks and its territorial features (on the example of the Fergana Valley)
Authors: Sarimsokov Abdilatip A. ,   Namangan State University
Published: July 2024

The settled population of the Fergana Valley is distinguished by a unique agricultural culture. It had a strong influence on the agriculture of the Kyrgyz, Kipchak, Kuramin, Yuzi, and Karakalpaks, who were engaged in cattle breeding in the past. Traditions and rituals associated with agriculture were formed on the basis of belief in the magical power of various agricultural cults. In such rituals as khudoyi (sacrifice), kosh chikarish (plowing with an ox-drawn plow), shokhmoylar (lubrication of horns), kosh oshi (food prepared before plowing with an ox-drawn plow), performed before the start of spring work, ancient agrarian cults were preserved in syncretism with Islamic views.
From the history of the Muslim parishes of the Urmaevo village (mid-18th – early 20th centuries)
Authors: Bagautdinova Khalida Z. ,   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes certain aspects of the history of the Muslim community of the Urmaevo village. This settlement, which was part of the Kazan province before the revolution, is now part of the Komsomolsky district of the Chuvash Republic. The publication, based on archival sources, shows the history of the emergence of the Muslim community of the village, the construction of the mosque, and the procedure for appointing decree mullahs. It was revealed that in the Urmaevo village Muslim Tatars lived together with baptized Tatars. Two families of hereditary imams served in the community, who had difficult relationships with each other. Now the work of Imam Fakhretdin Sayfetdin Sultanov, who headed the first mahalla of the village for 65 years, is continued by his grandchildren.
Cooperative organisations of northern Karelians in the 1920s (based on the example of the Ukhta District)
Authors: Dianova Elena V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University
Published: July 2024

This article presents the activities of cooperative organisations in the Ukhta District in the 1920s. The main objective of the research is to consider the various types and forms of cooperative associations of residents of the Ukhta District of Karelia and establish the most important areas of their activities. The leading research methods are historical narrative, analysis and synthesis of information identified in archival and printed materials, methods of microhistory and regional studies. The main sources of the research are documents from the funds of the National Archives of the Republic of Karelia. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, using the example of the Ukhta District, inhabited by northern Karelians, it examines the development of various types of cooperative peasant associations in Karelia, taking into account not only the national specifics, but also natural environment and climatic and foreign policy factors. In this regard, the difficulties of restoring the economy at the beginning of the New Economic Policy in the Ukhta District, which suffered from military operations and bad weather conditions, are revealed. Using the example of the Kemsk-Ukhta District Union of Cooperatives, distinctive features in the work of cooperative societies in the border zone were discovered and general shortcomings of consumer cooperation in the 1920s were detected. Other types of cooperative associations created in Ukhta district have been established: credit partnership, agricultural commune, land reclamation partnership. The peculiarity of peasant cooperatives in northern villages, where reindeer herding partnerships were created, was clarified; the importance of peasant cooperation for the economic growth of Ukhta district is shown.