bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P.06 Comparison of Manual vs. Automated Haemodynamic Monitoring Systems in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Alanezi AbdulRehman , Khan Fayaz Mohammad , Alotaibi Taher , Alhaddadi Bandar , Alanazi Fahad , Alqahtani Mohammad , Alsheri Jaber , Masrahi Ali , Aljumah Faisal , AlShamamry Hanan , Alwasel Ziyad , Balghith Mohammad , Ayoub Kamal , Ghamdi Ali Al , Mahmud Azra
Published: December 2020

Background

Hemodynamic monitoring is an integral part of a cardiac catheterization procedure; however it is prone to many distortions, including damping and resonance [1].

Objectives

We sought to compare damping ratio, ascending aortic pressure waveform and invasive blood pressure between Manifold and ACIST CVi® devices in subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Methods

This prospective randomised, single-blind, cross-over study was conducted in 81 adults subjects (mean age 59.2 ± 12, 24% females) undergoing cardiac catheterization. The fast-flush test [2] was performed at the beginning of the procedure with both Manifold and ACIST. The square wave was analysed to calculate the damping coefficient. Data analyzed by JMP Pro (SAS for Windows, Version 13) p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

The mean damping ratio was 0.63 ± 0.11 (range 0.34–0.95) with Manifold vs. 0.94 ± 0.25 (range 0.53–2.1) with ACIST, mean difference 0.30, p < 0.0001. The pressures were significantly different between the two devices; systolic –2.85 (p < 0.05); diastolic –5.2 (p < 0.0001) and mean pressure 3.5 (p < 0.01), mmHg. The inter-device BP difference showed a wide scatter; systolic, –24 to +67; diastolic, –44 to +25 and mean pressure, –24 to +54 mmHg.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing a manual haemdynamic monitoring system to an automated one commonly used in the cardiac cath lab. The Manifold meets the international recommendations for accurate haemodynamic monitoring, compared with an overdamped ACIST which also underestimated pressures in our study. Manifold may be the preferred device for haemodynamic monitoring, particularly patients haemodynamically unstable, with cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease.
P.08 Biomechanical Characterization of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms in Humans: A Continuum Approach to in vivo Deformations
Authors: Parikh Shaiv , Spronck Bart , Debeij Gijs , Ganizada Berta , Ramaekers Mitch , Schalla Simon , Natour Ehsan , Maessen Jos , Delhaas Tammo , Huberts Wouter , Bidar Elham , Reesink Koen
Published: December 2020

Background

Dysfunctional cellular mechanosensing appears central to aneurysm formation [1]. We aimed to derive material parameters of aneurysm tissue from in vivo deformations, which may increase insight into the underlying structural integrity of the pathological tissue.

Methods

Videos of tracking markers (example Video in supplement, screenshot in Figure) placed on ascending aortic segments were captured alongside radial arterial blood pressure in patients undergoing open-thorax ascending thoracic aorta aneurysm (ATAA) repair (n = 5) and coronary bypass (controls; n = 2). Normalised cross-correlation was used to determine marker displacements, resulting in estimates of systolic/diastolic diameters, distensibility, and cyclic axial engineering strain. A thinwalled, cylindrical geometry was assumed, with amorphous (Neo-Hookean) and fibrous (two-family) constitutive contributions [2]. This framework was fitted to individual patient measurements, by varying parameters c (amorphous material constant), k1 and k2 (fiber stiffness and strain stiffening parameter), β (fiber angle w.r.t. circumferential direction), unloaded intact length (L), and internal radius (Ri).

Results

Axial strain tended to be lower (expected) and distensibility larger (unexpected) in aneurysm than controls (Figure). However, the intrinsic pressure-dependence of distensibility must be considered when drawing conclusions related to differences in structural stiffness between both groups [3]. Material stiffness parameters (c and k1) appeared higher in aneurysm patients than in controls which is in line with previous studies in mice [4].

Conclusion

We are developing a method to determine ATAA material properties from in vivo deformations and observed increased material stiffness in ATAA.

Aneurysm
Control

Measured outcomes

Diastolic diameter
[mm]
40 ± 5
23 ± 3

DBP
[mmHg]
58 ± 11
34 ± 2

SBP
[mmHg]
90 ± 18
93 ± 7

Distensibility
[MPa–1]
4.3 ± 3.0
3.7 ± 1.1

Axial strain
[%]
4.3 ± 2.1
7.6 ± 3.5

Estimated properties

c
[kPa]
37 ± 29
15 ± 13

k
[kPa]
43 ± 26
24 ± 24

R1
[mm]
17 ± 1
10 ± 1

β
[degrees]
35 ± 3
36 ± 2

k2
–
34 ± 9
37 ± 3

L
[mm]
24 ± 5
15 ± 2
P.12 Investigating the Role of Glycemic Markers in Pulse Pressure Amplification in Young Adults: The African-PREDICT Study
Authors: Breet Yolandi , Lammertyn Leandi , Smith Wayne
Published: December 2020

Objective

Pulse pressure amplification (PPA) is described as the amplification of pulse pressure from central arteries to the periphery [1] and individuals with a decreased PPA have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [2]. Adverse changes in PPA are evident in diabetic populations [3]; however, it is unclear whether PPA differs along varying degrees of glycaemia in young healthy populations. We therefore investigated whether PPA is attenuated with higher levels of glycemic markers and whether PPA is associated with glycemic markers independent of other known risk factors.

Methods

We included 1195 men and women from the African-PREDICT study, aged 20–30 years, with no prior diagnosis of chronic disease. We determined supine central PP (cPP) using the SphygmoCor XCEL device and PPA was defined as the ratio of the amplitude of the PP between the distal and proximal locations (bPP/cPP). Fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin were determined and the study population was stratified by tertiles of each glycemic marker.

Results

The mean PPA was lower in the highest tertile of fasting glucose when compared to the lowest tertile (1.11 vs. 1.23; p ≤ 0.001). PPA declined with increasing levels of fasting glucose (p–trend ≤ 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, height, heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In multivariable adjusted regression, we found an independent inverse association between PPA and fasting glucose (β = −0.15, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

PPA decreases with an increase in fasting glucose in adults younger than 30 years, exemplifying early vascular changes which may increase future cardiovascular risk.

Table

Forward stepwise multiple regression analyses between PPA and fasting glucose

Pulse pressure amplification 0.15

Adjusted R2
β (SE)
p

Age (years)
–0.17 (0.03)
<0.001

Sex
0.10 (0.04)
0.023

Ethnicity
0.02 (0.03)
0.573

Height (cm)
0.13 (0.04)
0.005

Waist circumference (cm)
–0.06 (0.03)
0.150

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
0.17 (0.03)
<0.001

Heart rate (bpm)
0.10 (0.03)
<0.001

LDL-c (mmol/L)
–0.04 (0.03)
0.179

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
–0.15 (0.03)
<0.001

Total energy expenditure (kCal)
0.06 (0.04)
0.091

Self-reported smoking (%)
–0.01 (0.02)
0.809

Self-reported alcohol use (%)
–0.03 (0.02)
0.350

Data expressed as beta-values and standard errors. LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. p-values ≤ 0.05 regarded as significant.
P.16 Expanding on the Observed Correlation between the Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index and the Lower Limit of Cerebral Autoregulation during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gavish Benjamin , Gottschalk Allan , Hogue Charles W , Steppan Jochen
Published: December 2020

Background

The lower limit of cerebral autoregulation (LLA) refers to the mean blood pressure (BP) below which cerebral blood flow becomes pressure-dependent, resulting, among others, in an increased stroke risk. The LLA measured during cardiac surgery, correlates with the vascular measure Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index (AASI) determined from intraoperative continuous radial BP before cardiopulmonary bypass [1]. Using these data we investigated added factors that may enhance this correlation.

Design and method

The study population included 167 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (age 71 ± 8 years, 68% males) with good-quality BP records. The AASI. Additionally tested predictors were body-mass index (BMI), the coefficient of variation (SD/mean) of the systolic BP (SBP_CV), the composite variables BMI*(1-AASI), and its linear combination with SBP_CV. The odds ratio (OR) was determined by applying logistic regression to dichotomized predictors (by medians) and LLA- (by selected thresholds) adjusted to age, sex, diabetes mellitus, heart rate and preoperative diastolic BP.

Results

The Table shows that the LLA of individuals correlated significantly with each of the (continuous) predictors, and the adjusted OR increased for the composite predictors (dichotomized), while showing insensitivity to adjustors. The ORs reached a maximum for a LLA threshold of 55 mmHg.

Conclusion

The newly-defined composite predictors that increased the likelihood of predicting a LLA higher than 55 mmHg enhances our knowledge regarding the cerebral vasculature and autoregulation, and BP variability determinants of LLA under anesthesia.

Table

Univariate regression
Adjusted OR

Predictor
r (p-value)
Mean [95% CI] (p-value)

AASI
0.27 (0.0004)
2.41 [1.16–5.00] (0.02)

BMI
−0.26 (0.0007)
3.77 [1.78–8.00] (0.0005)

SBP_CV
−0.29 (0.0002)
3.50 [1.71–7.16] (0.0006)

BMI*(1-AASI)
−0.35 (0.000005)
4.51 [2.16–9.40] (0.00006)

80*SBP_CV + BMI*(1-AASI)
−0.44 (<0.000001)
8.20 [3.67–18.3] (<0.000001)
P.22 Mortality in 98 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Individuals Presenting to a Specialist Podiatry Clinic: Foot Ulcer Location is an Independent Risk Determinant
Authors: Schofield Heather , Haycocks Samantha , Robinson Adam , Anderson Simon G , Heald Adrian
Published: December 2020

Purpose/Background

We previously demonstrated in both longitudinal study and meta-analysis (pooled relative-risk RR, 2.45) [1,2] that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is significantly higher in people with diabetes foot ulceration (DFU) than with those without a foot ulcer. In this prospective study, we looked at the factors linked to mortality after presentation to podiatry with DFU.

Methods

98 individuals recruited consecutively from the Salford Royal Hospital Multidisciplinary Foot Clinic in Spring 2016 were followed for up to 48 months. Data concerning health outcomes were extracted from the electronic patient record (EPR).

Results

Seventeen people (17) had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and 81 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 31 were women. The mean age (range) was 63.6 (28–90) years with maximum diabetes duration 45 years. Mean HbA1c was 72 (95% CI: 67–77) mmol/mol. 97% had neuropathy (International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) monoflament) [2]. 62% had vascular insufficiency (Doppler studies). 69% of ulcers were forefoot and 23% of ulcers were hind foot in location. 40/98 (39.2%) died in follow-up with 27% of death certificates including sepsis (not foot-related) and 35% renal failure as cause of death. Multivariate regression analysis indicated a 6.3 (95% CI: 3.9–8.1) fold increased risk of death with hind foot ulcer, independent of age/BMI/gender/HbA1c/eGFR/total cholesterol level.

Conclusion

This prospective study has shown a close relation between risk of sepsis/renal failure and presentation to a specialist podiatry clinic with hind foot ulceration an independent risk factor, highlighting again the importance of addressing cardiovascular risk factors [3] as soon as people present with DFU.
P.27 Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Participation in the Regulation of Diaphragm Artery Contractile Responses
Authors: Borzykh Anna , Kuzmin Ilya , Vinogradova Olga , Tarasova Olga
Published: December 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH-oxidase (NOX) participate in vascular tone control, but their effects in the arteries of respiratory muscles is poorly understood. Possible targets of vasoregulatory ROS influence are NO-pathway in the endothelium and Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of NOX-dependent control with NO- and Rho-kinase signaling pathways in rat diaphragm arteries (DA).

Methods

The segments of DA were isolated from male Wistar rats and mounted in wire myograph (DMT A/S). We studied the effects of NOX inhibitor VAS2870 (1 μM) on contractile responses to a1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine in the absence and in the presence of NO synthase (L-NNA 100 μM) or Rho-kinase (Y27632, 3 μM) inhibitors as well as in the presence of NO donor DEA/NO.

Results

VAS2879 prominently attenuated the contractile responses of DA to methoxamine (30% decrease of the area under the concentration-response curve). L-NNA and Y27632 increased and decreased methoxamine-induced contraction of DA, respectively. L-NNA did not change the effects of VAS2870 and the sensitivity to DEA/NO did not differ in arteries with active and inhibited NOX. Along with that Y27632 eliminated the effects of VAS2879 on DA contractile responses to methoxamine.

Conclusions

We showed that NOX-produced ROS potentiate contractile responses of DA. ROS did not affect the activity of NO-pathway in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells of DA. However, ROS modulate the activity of the Rho-kinase pathway in DA smooth muscle cells. Supported by RSF (project No 19-75-00060).
P.28 Comparison of Regional vs Local Arterial Parameters Using New US Technology
Authors: Forcada Pedro , Kendy N G , Garcia Ricardo , Maur Romina , Florio Jose , Almada Horacio
Published: December 2020

Environment

It has been described that muscular arteries behaviour is different from aorta, and regional parameters like IMT, atherosclerotic plaques burden, PWV-c and endothelial function are related with age and risk factors and are powerful prognostic markers but it is not the case of local parameters like wall shear stress (WSS), local PWV or beta index in muscular arteries like common carotid artery, only just recently available in the clinical practice.

Objective

To analyze the relationship of regional and local arterial parameters with age and its potential use in the clinical practice.

Methods

We evaluated 100 consecutive patients from April 2019 to February 2020 with a Resona 7 (Mindray) US device with tools to measure IMT, atherosclerotic load, PWV and endothelial function and by means of VFlow Doppler, an innovative multivectorial Doppler technology, we evaluated WSS and with radiofrequency edge detectors, stiffness parameters like PWV and beta index.

Results

IMT remodelling, plaques burden, PWV correlated tightly with age and endothelial function did but inverserly (regression p > 0.05). Local carotid parameters like wall shear stress, PWV and beta index were grouped within a range, independently of age. (regression p NS).

Conclusion

The evaluation of local parameters has been proposed as markers of arterial disease and they are independent of age which makes easier to detect abnormal values out o frange, early markers of vascular disease, even before atherosclerosis is present. WSS is used for the first time in the current clinical practice.
P.33 Changes in Blood Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index Induced by Postural Changes and Exercise
Authors: Rodilla Enrique , Chordá José , Gea Andrea , Costa Jose Antonio
Published: December 2020

Objectives

To determine how orthostatic changes in body position alter BP and estimation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and Augmentation Index (AIx), when changing from supine to the sitting position [1]. Also, to analyze the effect of a short physical exercise and of physical training status on PWV/AIx in supine and sitting position.

Methods

Cross-sectional, observational study in 63 voluntary healthy students. Age, height, weight, waist and smoking habits were assessed. We estimated peripheral and central BP, AIx and PWV (brachial oscillometry, AGEDIO, IEM®, Stollberg) after 5′ in supine position (SUP), then after 30″ in sitting (SIT) and again in sitting position after 25 squats in 30″ (EXE). A validated questionnaire (Vital sign, https://www.seh-lelha.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/GuiaEjercicioRCV.pdf) was implemented to assess chronic physical condition (CPC).

Results

52, 4% were women, mean age was 23.2 years. Systolic, diastolic and median BP rose from 115/67/89 (SUP) to 118/72/93 (SIT) and to 122/67/93 (EXE) mmHg (p < 0.001 for all comparisons to SUP), PWV was 4.9 (SUP), 4.9 (SIT) and 5.0 (EXE) m/s, with no significant difference. Variables associated with PWV were central BP (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001) and AIx (p = 0.04), but not CPC. Predictors of AIx were heart rate (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.03) and CPC (p = 0.03). The latter became more significant in the transition from SUP over SIT to EXE (R2 of multivariate analysis 0.23, 0.55 and 0.68, respectively).

Conclusions

Although peripheral BP significantly changed from supine, sitting and post-exercise sitting, PWV remained constant. Chronic physical condition did not affect PWV, but was associated with wave reflection.
P.34 Preeclampsia Leads to the Delayed Development of Sympathetic Control of the Cardiovascular System in the Offspring
Authors: Selivanova Ekaterina , Shvetsova Anastasia , Potekhina Victoria , Gaynullina Dina , Borzykh Anna , Kiryukhina Oxana , Kuzmin Vladislav , Tarasova Olga
Published: December 2020

Background

Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy disease characterized by hypertension and kidney failure. Recent studies have shown that even in the case of successful delivery, preeclampsia could induce long-term effects in the offspring. Nevertheless, the effects of preeclampsia on the cardiovascular system of the offspring are poorly studied.

Methods

We induced preeclampsia in pregnant rats by L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) supplementation (250 mg/l in drinking water from gestation day 10 to delivery, daily dose 39 mg/kg). The model was verified by the dam’s blood pressure (BP) elevation (tail-cuff) and creatinine clearance reduction (metabolic cages) compared to control dams. Male offspring 16–18-day old were used for BP recording (catheter technique under urethane anesthesia); their isolated arteries were studied by wire myography. Adrenergic nerve plexus was visualized by glyoxylic acid staining.

Results

Offspring of dams with preeclampsia had reduced body weight compared to control. They also demonstrated decreased BP (43.3 ± 1.9 vs 50.5 ± 1.4 mmHg) and diminished response to the ganglionic blocker chlorizondamine (2.5 mg/kg); heart rate didn’t differ between the groups. The density of the sympathetic innervation of the right atrium and the saphenous artery was reduced in the preeclampsia offspring. Saphenous arteries from preeclampsia offspring had smaller diameter (276 ± 5 vs. 296 ± 7 micron) and maximal contraction force (9.4 ± 0.4 vs. 10.6 ± 0.4 mN) compared to control.

Conclusions

Preeclampsia is followed by the delay in sympathetic nervous system development in the offspring, which is accompanied by structural and functional alterations in the cardiovascular system.

The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (Grant N 19-15-00210).
P.39 The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Vascular Ageing. Which Parameter is the Most Suitable as Biomarker?
Authors: Mayer Otto , Gelžinský Július , Seidlerová Jitka , Filipovský Jan
Published: December 2020

Background

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved into several pathophysiologic processes in vascular diseases, including progressive loss of elasticity of vessel wall (arterial stiffness). Circulating soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) act as a decoy and counterbalanced the harmful properties of AGEs as the natural protective factor [1,2]. We compared the role of circulating or skin-deposed AGEs and sRAGE regarding natural course of arterial stiffening.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, we longitudinally followed 536 general-population-based subjects (subsample of Czech post-MONICA study). Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured twice (at baseline and after ~8 years of follow-up) using a SphygmoCor device (AtCor Medical Ltd.), and the intraindividual change in PWV per year (∆PWV/year) was calculated. Concentrations of sRAGE and carboxylmethyl lysine (circulating AGEs) were assessed at follow-up visit by ELISA, while skin AGEs were measured using autofluorescence-based device AGE Reader.

Results

Using multiple regressions, we found significant association between ∆PWV/year as dependent variable and both, sRAGE and skin AGEs as independent ones (each on its own model). However, the closest association to ∆PWV/year were found for ratio of these two factors (skin AGEs/sRAGE) [coeff = 0.0747 (SE 0.0189), p < 0.0001]. In categorized manner, subjects with skin AGEs/sRAGE ratio ≥3.3 showed about two-fold higher risk having PWV/year ≥0.2 m/sec [adjusted odds ratio was 2.09 (95% CI: 1.35–3.22), p = 0.001]. In contrast neither circulating AGEs nor circulating AGEs/sRAGE showed any significant relation to PWV/ year.

Conclusions

Skin AGEs/sRAGE ratio seems to be more sensitive biomarker of vascular ageing than these single factors themselves or circulation status of AGEs [3].
P.40 Ambulatory Measurement of Carotid Stiffness with a Novel Accelerometric System
Authors: Arathy R. , Nabeel P. M. , Jayaraj Joseph , Abhidev V. V. , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Arterial stiffness is a well-established marker for cardiovascular health assessment. Current methods rely on expensive imaging systems and specialised operators to perform local stiffness evaluation from the common carotid artery (CCA) and cannot be used for ambulatory monitoring in chronic disease management. In this study, we compare the performance of a novel accelerometric system, which performs ambulatory non-invasive CCA stiffness measurement, against an ultrasound-based stiffness monitor.

Methods

The accelerometric system with a wearable patch probe derives CCA’s diameter parameters from the skin surface vibrations arising out of the arterial wall displacement wave propagated to the skin surface. A subject-specific one-time calibration procedure is used to ensure accuracy, reliability and repeatability. Inbuilt pressure measurement unit of the system estimates blood pressure at CCA. Simultaneously obtained pressure and diameter parameters are used to evaluate various clinically accepted stiffness indices. An in-vivo study was performed on 36 subjects (20–50 years). Measured stiffness indices were compared against those obtained sequentially from an imaging system analysed using Carotid Studio.

Results

Accelerometric-derived diameter waveform was comparable to that acquired using the reference device. Measured group-average end-diastolic diameter and distension values were 5.81 ± 0.53 mm and 0.51 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. Diameter and stiffness indices (b, Ep, AC, PWV, etc.) were repeatable over continuous cycles (variability <12%). These measures significantly correlated (r2 > 0.88, p < 0.001) with an acceptable agreement. The one-time calibration remained valid for more than 12 days (error <13%).

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the feasibility and essential functionality of a cost-effective method for long-term stiffness monitoring with potential applications in ambulatory healthcare devices.
P.42 The Effects of Chemotherapy on Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Constantinos , Giannouli Stavroula , Ioakimidis Nikolaos , Kafouris Paulos , Koutagiar Iosif , Sioni Anastasia , Solomou Eirini , Terentes-Printzios Dimitrios , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Vlachopoulos Charalampos
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Malignancies and cardiovascular disease are the two leading causes of mortality worldwide [1]. While there is extensive literature describing the cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy on left ventricular systolic function [2,3], there is only little evidence regarding chemotherapy effects on a vascular functional parameters.

Purpose

Our aim was to investigate the effect of chemotherapy in aortic stiffness in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a malignancy with known high metabolic burden.

Methods

Thirty two patients (mean age 65 years) with HL underwent therapy with Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD). The interim of their treatment was set at 1 to 3 days prior to initiating the 3rd chemotherapy cycle. All patients were reassessed six months after chemotherapy completion. Blood pressure (BP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) as an index of aortic stiffness were measured at baseline, interim and after completion of chemotherapy.

Results

Figure illustrates c-fPWV changes from baseline to interim and 6 months after completion of chemotherapy in patients with HL and patients with NHL. As figure shows, c-f PWV decreased at treatment interim (by 0.34 m/s) and remained significantly decreased at 6 months after chemotherapy completion (by 0.52 m/s (overall p < 0.001, by ANOVA) The progressive decrease in c-f PWV remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, systolic BP and diabetes (F = 4.853, p = 0.005). Changes in systolic and diastolic BP from baseline, to interim and 6 months post therapy were insignificant (decrease by 4 mmHg and 1 mmHg respectively, compared to baseline, all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Carotid-Femoral PWV decreased during and post chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphomas, suggesting that arterial stiffness improves with chemotherapy in these patients. Considering that systemic inflammation influences changes in aortic systems and that HL is an inflammatory rather than a solid tumor, the significant improvement in arterial stiffness after ABVD therapy imply that the metabolic burden of the malignancy may play a significant role in the arterial stiffness progression.
P.44 Application of an Algorithm Developed for Measuring Gastrointestinal Motility to the Assessment of Arterial Mechanical Properties
Authors: Bard Andrew , Greenwald Stephen , Sarkar Sandip
Published: December 2020

Background

GIQuant (Motilent, London) is an algorithm for analysing cine-MRI, using the displacement fields generated by registration of indivisdual ciné frames. It produces a summary of how much movement occurs (“motility”) for anatomical locations within a reference image [1]. Although it is used clinically for quantifying gut motility [2], it can process any ciné-MRI. In this study, we explore the hypothesis that it can be used to examine the functionality of blood vessels.

Methods

Using ciné-MRI of the abdomen, obtained in initially to assess small-bowel motility in patients with Crohn’s disease, we tested the feasibility of using GIQuant to examine the mechanical properties of blood vessels. In such data, coronal slices often intersect the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries. The reference images were manually segmented (see Figure 1A) for statistical analysis of the motility scores.

Results

We compared the mean motility score in the common iliac arteries, finding that the inter-subject, is greater than the intra-subject variability (Figure 1B). Additionally, motility in the right and left common iliacs is not correlated with that of the abdominal aorta (Figure 1C). When assessed spatially along the abdominal aorta, the motility score is correlated with position in a physiologically plausible manner, showing a general decrease in the caudal direction (Figure 1D–1E).

Conclusions

It appears that GIQuant can be used to provide biologically meaningful information about blood vessel properties. Further validation work will use this technique to examine function in patients with bicuspid aortic valves, and to examine its predictive value for aortic aneurysm prognosis.
P.45 Characterization of the Microcirculatory Response to Gravity-Induced Changes using Thermal Imaging
Authors: Moyal Noam , Darchi Noa , Hoffer Oshrit , Rabin Neta , Gavish Benjamin , Halak Moshe , Ovadia-Blechman Zehava
Published: December 2020

Objective

The goal of this study was to characterize the changes in the palm’s blood distribution in response to a decrease in blood pressure due to gravity-induced changes, using thermal imaging.

Methods

Thermal hands images were taken from ten healthy volunteers, without any known vascular pathologies, in three different stages: baseline, gravitation and recovery. In the baseline stage the hand was set on a table, at heart height. During the gravitation stage one hand was placed 40 cm above the table for 10 minutes, while the second hand was stayed on the table. The recovery stage, in which both hands were placed back on the table, was recorded for 10 minutes. Thermal images of both hands were taken every ten seconds throughout the experiment.

Results

Mean skin temperatures were increased during hand elevating in both the palm center and the distal phalanx of the middle finger by 2.57°C and 3.33°C, respectively. This increase was significant and remained high during the recovery period (p < 0.01). A similar effect was also observed with the other hand, which remained on the table.

Conclusions

The temperature increase of the palm during gravity conditions reflects blood perfusion compensation due to high local oxygen consumption during decrease in local blood pressure. The bilateral effect indicates the central nervous system involvement. Thermal imaging allows characterization of the palm’s blood distribution under gravitational conditions. Since this technique is noncontact and safe, it could be useful for assessment of blood supply during physical effort.
P.46 Assessment of Intraplaque Hemorrhage by Photoacoustics Imaging (PAI): First in-vivo Human Validation Study
Authors: Maria Bruno Rosa , Imaizumi Yuki , Obeid Hasan , Jaeger Michael , Julia Pierre , Bruneval Patrick , Calvet David
Published: December 2020

Aim

To validate a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system, for the identification of intraplaque hemorrhage, comparing it with MRI and histology (gold standard).

Methods

25 patients with carotid stenosis>70% and clinical indication to tromboendoarterectomy were recruited. Angio-MRI for intraplaque hemorrhage assessment (Cube sequence) was performed. PAI clips (5 seconds, Frame rate 1000/sec, 3 to 15 per patient) were acquired. Each clip was scored for the presence of PAI signal by means of an integrated scoring system (semiquantitative, from 0 to 12). Semiquantitative grading scales were used to assess plaque histological features of hemorrhage and vulnerability.

Results

18 patients had no missing MRI, PAI and histology data and were included in this analysis. Mean age was 73 ± 8 years, 60% men, 80% Caucasians, 92% hypertensives, 60% with a previous stroke. At histology, only 3 plaques out of 21 showed no signs of intraplaque hemorrhage, 4 showed small hemorrhage, while 14 (67%) showed large hemorrhages. PAI score (best cut-off ≥ 4) correctly classified 14 out of 18 patients (Sensitivity = 73.3%, specificity = 100%, AUC = 0.867). MRI performance was substantially similar, with 12 patients correctly classified (sensitivity = 60%, specificity = 100%, AUC = 0.800), with a non-significant difference in AUC compared to PAI (p = 0.420).

Conclusions

In this first in-vivo human study, PAI is able to identify histological intraplaque hemorrhage with an excellent specificity and acceptable sensitivity, equivalent to MRI. The very high specificity, with a low number of false positives, make PAI a good candidate for evaluation of plaques prior to surgery to i.e. reinforce the decision to perform surgery.
P.48 Ultrasound-Based Velocity and Acceleration of the Carotid Atheromatous Plaque in Asymptomatic Patients with Moderate and Severe Stenosis
Authors: Dalakleidi Kalliopi , Golemati Spyretta , Gastounioti Aimilia , Liapis Christos , Nikita Konstantina
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in ultrasound-based velocities and accelerations of the carotid atheromatous plaque between asymptomatic patients with moderate and severe stenosis, based on the assumption that plaque motion features are sensitive to cardiovascular health status.

Methods

The dataset used consists of 38 sequences of B-mode images (videos) of carotid atheromatous plaque of asymptomatic patients. Among the examined carotid arteries, 27 had severe stenosis degrees (>70%) and 11 had moderate stenosis degrees (<70%). Plaque motion estimation was based on an adaptive block matching methodology which incorporates Kalman filtering update strategies. Plaque velocity and acceleration were calculated by differentiating displacement and velocity, respectively. The two-tailed t-test was used to assess statistically significant differences.

Results

Figure shows examples of plaque velocity and acceleration waveforms. Radial and longitudinal plaque velocities were similar between moderate and severe cases (0.43 ± 0.15 mm/s and 0.73 ± 0.18 mm/s, respectively, vs. 0.37 ± 0.21 mm/s and 0.65 ± 0.20 mm/s, respectively; p-values 0.35 and 0.27, respectively). Radial and longitudinal plaque accelerations were significantly higher in moderate compared to severe stenosis cases (7.07 ± 4.64 mm/s2 and 10.08 ± 5.22 mm/s2, respectively, vs. 3.17 ± 2.25 mm/s2 and 5.05 ± 2.96 mm/s2, respectively; p-values = 0.00 for both cases). In moderate stenoses, longitudinal velocities, but not accelerations, were significantly higher than radial ones, whereas in severe stenoses, longitudinal velocities and accelerations were significantly higher than radial ones.

Conclusion

Ultrasound-based velocities and accelerations can characterise biomechanical phenomena of the carotid plaque. Accelerations can differentiate between moderate and severe plaque.
P.54 Biomarkers and Haemodynamic Predictors of Left Atrial Strain in Early Hypertension
Authors: Bukhamseen Maryam , Al-Saileek Nada , Al-Saileek Ahmed , Ghamdi Mohammad Ghormalla , Wasame Tahlil , Omran Ahmed , Mahmud Azra
Published: December 2020

Background

In the early stages of atrial remodeling, increased aortic stiffness might indicate atrial fibrosis.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between left atrial (LA) mechanical function, assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and aortic stiffness and whether this association is medicated by circulating biomarkers in early hypertension.

Methods

We studied 34 patients, mean age 47.5 ± 11.6 years, 56% females. All parameters for arterial stiffness including 24 hour central systolic pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity were measured non–invasively using Mobil-O-graph PWA. All patients underwent standard two-dimensional echocardiography with Spackle tracking analysis for left atrium (LA). Circulating biomarkers including renin, aldosterone and morning cortisol were measured using ELISA.

Results

LA strain showed a significant relationship with central aortic systolic pressure; 24-hr (r = −0.46, p < 0.05), daytime (r = −50, p < 0.05) and nighttime (r = −55, p < 0.01) with no relationship with central diastolic or brachial pressures. There was a significant positive association between LA strain and aldosterone (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), aldosterone-renin ratio (r = 0.30, p < 0.05) and cortisol (r = 0.66, p < 0.01) with no relationship observed with plasma renin activity. In a stepwise regression model, central systolic pressure, aldosterone and cortisol emerged as predictors of LA strain independent of age, gender, brachial pressure and LAVi.

Conclusions

In mild hypertension, central but not brachial systolic pressure determines LA remodeling which in turn may be mediated by circulating aldosterone and cortisol. This study highlights the important role of circulating biomarkers in mediating aortic stiffness and LA fibrosis in early hypertension.
P.58 Genetic Background Dictates Aortic Fibrosis in Hypertensive Mice
Authors: Spronck Bart , Latorre Marcos , Mehta Sameet , Caulk Alexander W. , Ramachandra Abhay B. , Murtada Sae-Il , Rojas Alexia , He Chang-Sun , Jiang Bo , Wang Mo , Bersi Matthew R. , Tellides George , Humphrey Jay D.
Published: December 2020

Background

Many genetic mutations affect aortic structure and function in mice, but little is known about the influence of background strain. We compared the biomechanical, structural, and gene expression responses of C57BL/6J and 129SvEv aortas to angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension.

Methods

After AngII infusion (14-day, 1000 ng/kg/min) and euthanasia, excised thoracic aortas were characterized functionally using isobaric vasoactive and cyclic passive stiffness tests. Immunohistochemistry quantified medial/adventitial composition and infiltration of pan-inflammatory CD45+ cells. RNA sequencing-based gene ontology, wall stress analyses, and growth and remodeling (G&R) simulations were performed to complement our mechanical findings.

Results

Baseline aortic geometry, composition, and biomechanical properties, as well as AngII-induced blood pressure increases (+34% vs. +32%, systolic), were similar across strains. Yet, AngII-induced aortic remodeling differed dramatically, with gross maladaptive, fibrotic remodeling (exuberant medial/adventitial thickening) in C57BL/6J but not in 129SvEv mice (+89% vs. +12% thickness increase, p = 0.022). CD45+ cell density was markedly higher in hypertensive C57BL/6J than 129SvEv aortas (p = 0.001), while vasoconstrictive responses to AngII (causing a wall stress decrease Δσ) were greater in 129SvEv than C57BL/6J mice, both before (Δσ = −8 vs. −24%, p = 0.023) and after (Δσ = -24 vs. −46%, p < 0.001) hypertension. Gene expression, stress analyses, and G&R simulations reinforced the emergent hypothesis that mechanical stress-mediated immune processes promote maladaptive remodeling while smooth muscle contractile processes reduce wall stress and thereby protect against fibrosis (Figure).

Conclusions

Differentially expressed mechano-sensitive genes play key roles in the distinct hypertensive aortic remodeling in C57BL/6J and 129SvEv mice and must be considered when comparing studies in different background strains.
P.60 Improvement in Muscular Strength Within One Year is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness in Young Male Soccer Players
Authors: Baumgartner M P H Lisa , Weberruß Heidi , Appel Katharina , Engl Tobias , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Schulz Thorsten
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The adaptation process of the cardiovascular system to exercise and muscular strength in young athletes is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the influence of changes in muscular strength and weekly training load within one year on arterial stiffness in young male soccer players.

Methods

30 male soccer players were examined twice (age t0: 13.3 ± 2.0 years, age t1: 14.2 ± 2.0 years). cSBP and aPWV were measured oscillometrically (Mobil-O-Graph®) and z-scores were calculated. The MoMo physical activity questionnaire recorded the weekly training load and the hand dynamometer measured muscular strength. Height and weight were examined and body surface area (BSA) was computed.

Results

The investigated parameters and the converted z-scores of cSBP and aPWV did not change over time, but handgrip strength (t0: 25.2 ± 10.2 kg, t1: 29.5 ± 10.2, p < 0.001) and training load (t0: 7.1 ± 1.5 hours/week, t1: 8.3 ± 2.4 hours/week, p = 0.005) increased significantly. 13.3% and 16.7% had cSBP >90th percentile at t0 and t1 respectively. The prevalence of aPWV >90th percentile was 26.7% at both times. Regardless of age and BSA, improvement in handgrip strength was significantly associated with higher values of cSBP (β = 1.66, p = 0.009, R2 = 0.42) and aPWV (β = 0.09, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.58) at t1. An improvement in weekly training load was not associated with cSBP and aPWV at t1.

Conclusion

cSBP and aPWV are negatively influenced by an improvement in muscular strength in young male soccer players within one year. Therefore, in addition to the recommended pre-participation screening, arterial stiffness in young athletes should be monitored annually to detect possible negative outcomes of exercise on vascular health.
P.68 WaveGraft—A Novel Endovascular Device Concept for Restoring the Natural Arterial Cushioning Effect
Authors: Stefanov Florian , Veerasingam Dave , Sayed Sarah , Delassus Patrick , Bouchier-Hayes Jonathan , Morris Liam
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives

The cushioning effect of large, healthy arteries reduces pulsatile afterload to the heart, reduces pulsatility in the microvasculature of target organs, and promotes coronary/cerebral perfusion [1]. With age, large arteries become stiffer, which increases both pulse wave velocity (PWV) and pulse pressure (PP). This results in isolated systolic hypertension [2], which is characterized by increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) with normal or low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) leading to left ventricular afterload. This study aims to replicate, experimentally, arterial stiffness of hypertensive patients, and proposes a novel thoracic endograft for restoring the arterial cushioning function.

Methods

The experimental setup comprised of two stiff descending aorta silicone replicas (DASR 1&2), pulse duplicator, heated blood mimicking fluid, pressure and flow sensors. An internal annular viscoelastic cushion, referred to as the ‘WaveGraft’, was deployed in DASR2. Firstly, pulsatile flow was directed through DASR1, (stiff vessel only), then it was diverted through DASR2 (vessel including WaveGraft).

Results

When compared to the stiff vessel replica (DASR1), the WaveGraft (DASR2) data showed significant reduction in PWV(−60%), SBP(−9%) and PP(−35%), while DBP increased by 10%. An increase in diastolic perfusion by up to 150%, was observed from the recorded data.

Conclusion

This work successfully replicated, key features of aortic hemodynamics in hypertension, linked to the increase in arterial stiffness. The WaveGraft concept showed great potential in altering blood pressure, flowrates and PWV, which may become an important clinical tool in the management of isolated systolic hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and other chronic conditions.
SISTEM PEMASARAN KERBAU DI PULAU MOA KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA
Authors: Putra Denata O. S. , Thenu Stephen F. W. , Tuhumury Maisie T. F.
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem pemasaran kerbau di pulau Moa. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Terdapat dua model saluran pemasaran kerbau yakni dari peternak kepada konsumen dan dari peternak kepada pedagang pengumpul kemudian dilanjutkan pada konsumen. Melalui analisis marjin pemasaran, dapat diketahui bahwa pada saluran pemasaran model pertama, tidak terdapat biaya pemasaran yang dikeluarkan oleh peternak sehingga margin pemasaran adalah Rp. 0 dan bagian yang diterima (share) peternak adalah 100 persen. Sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran model kedua, diketahui bahwa marjin pemasaran adalah sebesar Rp. 10.270.909 dan bagian yang diterima (share) peternak adalah 51,3 persen. Berdasarkan analisis efisiensi pemasaran dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemasaran kerbau di pulau Moa sudah efisien, dimana nilai share marjin pada kedua model saluran pemasaran di atas 50 persen.
KEKERABATAN DAN KELOMPOK TANI (STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK TANI DI NEGERI TAWIRI, KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON, KOTA AMBON)
Authors: Matulessy Patricya M , Pattiselanno August E , Tahitu Meilvis E
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai kekerabatan yang dapat membentuk suatu kelompok tani dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kekerabatan dalam kelompok tani di Negeri Tawiri. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer (wawancara dengan responden) dan data sekunder (data yang diperoleh dari instansi dan literatur terkait substansi penelitian). Data yang telah terkumpul ditabulasi dan dianalisis. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat Kekerabatan yang dibangun berdasarkan dua hal yang saling mempengaruhi yaitu “ikatan kekeluargaan” dan “ikatan sekampung”. Kedua hal inilah yang membentuk nilai-nilai kekerabatan dalam kelompok tani yaitu (a) nilai saling menghargai dan menghormati, (b) nilai perasaan sama dan senasib dalam kebersamaan antar sesama anggota kelompok tani. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kekerabatan kelompok tani adalah sumber informasi kelompok, kegiatan kelompok, permasalahan dalam kelompok, jaringan anggota kelompok dan kepercayaan dalam kelompok.
FUNGSI DAN PERAN DUSUNG SEBAGAI RESILIENSI MASYARAKAT (STUDI KASUS DI NEGERI HUTUMURI, KECAMATAN LEITIMUR SELATAN
Authors: Maalalu Cotje H , Pattinama Marcus J , Sopamena Junianita F
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi dan peran Dusung sebagai resiliensi masyarakat, khususnya bagi masyarakat Negeri Hutumuri. Resiliensi memiliki dua faktor utama yaitu Faktor Sosial dan Faktor Ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dusung merupakan suatu kebutuhan yang menjadi tolak ukur bagi setiap rumahtangga, dimana keberlangsungan masa depan rumahtangga tersebut bergantung pada kemampuan mereka mempertahankan keberadaan sistem Dusung yang ada.
More Than Just Learning Discipline Skills: Social Interactions in Science Fieldwork Could Enhance Student Well-being and Cognition
Authors: Carew Matt , Ho Susie , Brookes Rowan
Published: December 2020

Fieldwork is typically used to develop students’ technical skills in a range of scientific domains. Fieldwork may also be particularly conducive for enhancing social learning because of increased opportunities for social interactions. However, few studies have explored the value of students’ social interactions during science fieldwork. This pilot study used a mixed-methods survey to investigate 107 undergraduate students’ perceptions of science fieldwork. Participants had completed science subjects with repeated on-campus fieldwork. The survey questions examined students’ perceptions of the potential influence on their well-being and cognition.

Most respondents reported long-lasting benefits to their well-being (57%; 42 students) and/or cognition (69%; 52 students). Commonly reported benefits related to well-being included enhanced enjoyment, relaxation, increased motivation and engagement, and stress reduction. In examining cognition, commonly reported benefits included gaining a deeper conceptual understanding from ‘hands-on’ activities and improved information retention. Whilst a variable response rate must be considered in interpreting our findings, our preliminary results suggest science fieldwork has a broader value to learning and the student experience. Students recognise that the benefits of fieldwork activities extend beyond the development of technical skills. Future studies could further explore how science educators can generate more effective social interactions during fieldwork-based education in science.