bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REALIZATION OF LAW PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CONDITION FOR STATE AND CITIZEN SAFETY
Authors: Gerginova Tatjana
Published: December 2017

Security system of each country constitute the internationallegal documents and acts as well as national security that allow system isorganized as a part of the state apparatus, which system will to enable tomake possible the safety and independence of other states, as well as thelaw protection of basic human rights and freedoms. International documentsfor protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as legalacts of any national state determines the universal significance of humanrights and freedoms, whose observance is an important factor of peace,justice and security necessary to ensure the development of friendly relationsand cooperation among states, but also a precondition for progress on theestablishment of lasting peace, security, justice and cooperation in Europe. Fullrespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the development ofsocieties based on pluralistic democracy and the rule of law are prerequisitesfor progress in ensuring lasting peace, security, justice and cooperation inEurope. The Treaty establishing the European Union, signed in Maastricht in1992 stipulates that respect for human rights is one of the main prerequisitesfor membership in the European Union and the guarantees of human rightsestablished and guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights,are respected by Union as general principles of Union law. One of the mainobjectives of the common foreign and security policy of the Member States ofthe European Union is the development of democracy and the rule of law andrespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Republic of Macedoniain the processes of democratization incorporate the recommendations of theCouncil of Europe and other international institutions in finding appropriateeffective mechanisms by which holders of public authority will exerciseits powers with respect for and protection of human rights. Respect andprotection of human rights legislation in line with international standards inthis area, should be a primary task of each authority responsible for enforcingthe law.
КРИВИЧНОПРАВНА ОДГОВОРНОСТ ИЗ КРЕДИТНИХ ПОСЛОВА
Authors: Васиљевић Зоран , Васиљевић Драгана
Published: December 2017

Из непоштовања права и обавеза у вези са кредитнимпословима проистичу различити облици одговорности. Поред примарне,грађанскоправне одговорности, издвајају се још и управноправна ипореска одговорност. Међутим, најтежи облик одговорности у вези сакредитним пословима јесте казнена одговорност. У раду се обрађујунајзначајније инкриминације из области кредитних послова, и тоЗеленаштво, Одавање и неовлашћено прибављање пословне тајне,Обмана при добијању кредита и других погодности, Недозвољенобављење банкарском дјелатношћу и Издавање хартија од вриједностибез покрића.
ДА ЛИ СЕ НА УВИЂАЈУ ПЛАНИРАЈУ И ПРОВЈЕРАВАЈУ ВЕРЗИЈЕ?
Authors: Матијевић Миле
Published: December 2017

Увиђај представља једну од најбитнијих хитнихистражних радњи која се предузима на мјесту криминалног догађајау циљу проналажења, фиксирања предмета, трагова кривичног дјела,учиниоца. Кроз увиђајне радње надлежног органа у поступку првеинтелектуалне и предметне перцепције „сцене кривичног дјела“ ипредузимања предметних дјелатности остварује се суштински задатаки циљ увиђаја. Ова радња има своје кривично процесно утемељење усвим законима о кривичном поступку, гдје се, нажалост, дефинишеврло кратко, кроз једну, евентуално пар реченица. Законски приступдефинисању увиђаја недовољно објашњава карактер, садржај, а посебнотехнологију извођења ове изузетно значајне откривачко-истражнерадње. Таква ситуација оставља велику празнину, простор, али ипотребу и инспирацију криминалистичкој науци да операционализирасвеукупне аспекте увиђаја. Како се ради о својеврсној криминалистичко-форензичкој дјелатности организоване и циљно усмјерене увиђајнеекипе, неопходно је детаљно утврдити задатке и начине функционалногсадејства свих учесника. У раду ће се проблематизовати, анализиратиједан битан сегмент увиђаја, у вези са криминалистичким верзијамакао кључним мисаоно-логичким, ванпроцесним институтом, који укриминалистичком раду, а посебно у процесу везивања интелектуалноги предметног дјеловања на мјесту криминалног догађаја и преласка одмисаоног ка рационалом има одлучујућу улогу и значај. Поставља сепитање о садржају и процесу планирања, и евентуалног провјеравањакриминалистичких верзија на мјесту злочина, са напоменом да се неизлази из законских оквира увиђаја и да се онемогући субјективизам уконачном закључивању. Од различитих схватања у вези с овим битнимпитањима у криминалистичко-истражној дјелатности, у раду ће се датипретходно одређена традиционална схватања, а онда на бази некихсавремених актуелности мишљење и могући приједлози. Садржај радаће се подржати искуствима из увиђајне праксе.
КОРЕЛАЦИЈА, СЛИЧНОСТИ И РАЗЛИКЕ ИЗМЕЂУ ПОСЕБНИХ ИСТРАЖНИХ РАДЊИ И МЈЕРА ТАЈНОГ ПРИКУПЉАЊА ИНФОРМАЦИЈА
Authors: Ђукић Синиша
Published: December 2017

Класичне методе истраживања и доказивања тешкихкривичних дјела путем редовног кривичног поступка су временомпостале неефикасне и недовољне, па се наметнула потреба њиховедопуне и замјене новијим методама и техникама – тзв. специјалним(посебним) истражним техникама. У суштини, специјалне истражнетехнике карактерише тајност дјеловања, давање ширих овлашћењаполицији, органима правосуђа и обавјештајно-безбједноснимагенцијама, с обзиром на то да им шира овлашћења омогућавајуи привремено ограничавање уставних права и слобода грађана.Првенствени циљ примјене специјалних истражних техника, односнопосебних истражних радњи од стране полиције и правосуђа јестедокументовање и процесуирање случајева за потребе вођења кривичнихпоступака поводом припреме или већ учињених кривичних дјела (postdelictum). На другој страни, циљ примјене мјера тајног прикупљањаинформација од стране обавјештајно-безбједносних агенција, у већинислучајева, везан је (ante delictum) за заштиту безбједности државе,односно глобалну безбједност, па с тим у вези тако прикупљени подацинису у функцији кривичног поступка већ заштите безбједности државе.
ПРЕГЛЕД СТАЊА ИЗДВОЈЕНИХ МОТОРИЧКИХ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛНИХ СПОСОБНОСТИ ТЕ МОРФОЛОШКИХ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СТУДЕНАТА ФАКУЛТЕТА ФИЗИЧКОГ ВАСПИТАЊА И СПОРТА У БАЊОЈ ЛУЦИ
Authors: Михаљчић Жељко , Вукић Жељко , Пашић Горан
Published: December 2017

Циљ рада је да се утврди тренутно стање издвојенихмоторичких и функционалних способности те морфолошкихкарактеристика код студената Факултета физиког васпитања и спорта.Узорак испитаника су чинили студенти треће године Факултета физичкогваспитања и спорта у Бањој Луци школске 2013/2014. Испитаници сумушког пола, старости између 20 и 21 године, а број испитаника је 44.Приликом уписа на студије сви кандидати су били подвргнути љекарскомпрегледу, на којем је утврђено да су физички и психички здрави.Методолошки, овај рад је трансферзално истраживање. С обзиром наприроду проблема и предмета истраживања, број испитаника, врстеинструмената за прикупљање података и објективних материјалнихмогућности, у истраживању је примијењено теренско конфирмативноистраживање на једној групи испитаника. Такође је кориштена методатеоријске анализе за проучавање релевантних писаних извора издомена моторичких и функционалних способности те морфолошкихкарактеристика. Метода теоријске анализе је кориштена да помогнеу дефинисању проблематике овог рада, базирајући се на подацима издосадашњих истраживања у овој области. Дескриптивном и каузалномметодом описивана и објашњавана је веза и однос добијених резултатаистраживања. Примијењен је дескриптивни статистички метод којим судобијене потребне мјере: распон (range), минимални (min) и максимални(max) резултат, аритметичка средина, стандардна девијација. Обрадомподатака који су добијени проведеним мјерењем способности икарактеристика, и њиховим упоређивањем са прописаним нормама,видјело се да су студенити треће године Факултета физичког васпитањаи спорта у Бањој Луци просјечног нивоа способности и каратеристика.Имајући у виду ниво моторичких, функционалних способности, као иморфолошких карактеристика студената, можемо донијети закључак даби они требало да буду у могућности да без већих потешкоћа савладајупрограмске садржаје наставног плана и програма Факултета физичкогваспитања и спорта у Бањој Луци.
ПАРЛАМЕНТАРНИ НАДЗОР И КОНТРОЛА СУБЈЕКАТА БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТИ – СЛУЧАЈ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Пена Душко , Павловић Гојко
Published: December 2017

Безбједност је одувијек сматрана једним од кључнихзадатака (функција) државе, а то је случај и данас. Такође, питање оконтроли субјеката безбједности (lat. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?) јевеома старо питање. У данашњем демократском друштву безбједностније циљ по себи, већ вриједност која има смисла само уколико служидобробити људи. Стога је за демократско друштво прихватљиводјеловање свих државних и недржавних субјеката из секторабезбједности само уколико они поштују закон и људска права. Да би сето постигло, неопходно је да постоји надзор и контрола њиховог рада,као и мјере за успостављање одговорности због евентуалног кршењазакона и злоупотребе овлашћења.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА И НАДЛЕЖНОСТ ЈЕДИНИЦА ЗА ПОДРШКУ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ СА ОСВРТОМ НА ЊИХОВ ЗНАЧАЈ У СУЗБИЈАЊУ НАСИЛНИЧКОГ КРИМИНАЛИТЕТА НА ЈАВНИМ СКУПОВИМА
Authors: Поповић Предраг , Гајић Миодраг
Published: December 2017

Насиље је феномен који угрожава највиталније људскевриједности (живот, тијело, имовину, слободу). Посебно је то актуелноу данашње вријеме, када се насиље свакодневно, а тиме и криминалнадјелатност у тој области шири и поприма нове облике ,добијајућизабрињавајуће размјере. Насилничко понашање са обиљежјимакривичних дјела, све више постаје друштвена свакодневница на јавнимскуповима гдје је присутан већи број грађана. Због све веће актуелностии присутности на друштвеној сцени, мора бити у фокусу интересовањабројних субјеката, гдје највећи допринос мора дати Министарствоунутрашњих послова. Заштита личне безбједности свих грађана најавним мјестима, па тако и на јавним скуповима, гдје су присутниразличити појавни облици насиља, јесте најзначајнији задатак који сепоставља пред припаднике МУП-а, гдје значајну улогу имају припадницијединица за подршку у Републици Српској.
ОПЕРАТИВНE ВЕЗЕ И ЊИХОВ ЗНАЧАЈ У ОТКРИВАЊУ И РАЗЈАШЊАВАЊУ КРИВИЧНИХ ДЈЕЛА
Authors: Ковачевић Стеван , Куњадић Влатка
Published: December 2017

Људско друштво већ неколико вијекова покушавапронаћи одговарајуће механизме путем којих би се адекватносупротставило организованом криминалитету као најтежемоблику криминалне дјелатности. Анализа извршених кривичнихдјела савременог криминалитета, нарочито оних тежих, указујена све већу стручност, професионалност и перфидност њиховихучинилаца, што има за посљедицу да на лицу мјеста не остају илипак остају сасвим незнатни трагови који би могли бити од користиза разјашњавање кривичног дјела и откривање његовог учиниоца. Уциљу ефикасног откривања, разјашњавања и доказивања кривичнихдјела, полиција, у оквиру криминалистичких метода, предузима разнекриминалистичкотактичке, криминалистичкотехничке радње и мјере,истражне радње (радње доказивања), специјалне истражне техникекоје су предвиђене одредбама Закона о кривичном поступку РепубликеСрпске под називом посебне истражне радње, као и посебне оперативнеметоде /оперативне везе/ које су садржане у Инструкцији о начинурада полицијских службеника на пословима спречевања и сузбијањакриминалитета уз кориштење оперативно-техничких средстава иметода. У супротстављању криминалитету све полиције на свијету, паи наша, ангажују оперативне везе као значајне изворе оперативнихинформација, када се на други начин веома тешко или скоро никако немогу обезбиједити корисне информације. Стварање оперативних везазаснива се на непосредном раду припадника полиције који ради насузбијању криминалитета, реализујући план оперативног рада ширећии усклађујући оперативни рад у зависности од садржаја добијенихоперативних информација.
УПОРЕДНИ ПРИКАЗ РЕЗУЛТАТА ПЕРИОДИЧНИХ ЉЕКАРСКИХ ПРЕГЛЕДА РАДНИКА МУП-a РС: СЈП, РУЦЗ И СВИХ ОСТАЛИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОНИХ ЈЕДИНИЦА МИНИСТАРСТВА, ИЗВРШЕНИХ У 2014. ГОДИНИ
Authors: Трнинић-Ђаковић Снежана
Published: December 2017

Сврха обављања периодичних љекарских прегледарадника на пословима с повећаним ризиком јесте рано откривањеобољења и праћење поремећаја здравственог стања радника, да би сеправовременом дијагностиком и лијечењем спријечиле или умањилештетне посљедице по њихово здравље, као и да би се сачувала њиховарадна способност. У циљу сагледавања здравственог стања радникаМУП-а РС, урађена је анализа 237 љекарских прегледа извршених у2014. години. Прегледано је 77 радника Специјалне јединице полиције(СЈП), 73 радника деминерског тима Републичке управе цивилнезаштите РС (РУЦЗ) и 87 радника свих осталих организационихјединица МУП-а (ОСТАЛИ). Просјечна животна доб прегледаних је била39,2 ± 6,5 година, а експозициони радни стаж 16,4 ± 6,8 година. Иакоје 95,4% прегледаних радника цијењено способним, више него свакичетврти (25,3%) је био способан уз редовну терапију, корекцију вида,заштиту чула слуха од буке или поштеду од одговарајућих активности,најчешће од СФО и већих физичких оптерећења по основу обољењакичме. Неспособним за рад цијењен је један радник РУЦЗ по основупсихијатријског поремећаја и један радник из групе „осталих“ по основутежег срчаног обољења. Коначна оцјена здравствене способности ниједата за 9 или 3,8% радника, јер нису доставили резултате додатнихпретрага. Код скоро сваког десетог радника (9,3%) нађена је тјелеснатежина већа за 30% и више од нормалних вриједности, и то највише кодгрупе „осталих“ (17,2%). У складу са чињеницом да је повећана тјелеснатежина значајан фактор ризика за настанак кардиоваскуларнихи осталих обољења, нађене су и: повишене вриједности крвногпритиска код 13,5%, повишене вриједности шећера у крви код 5,5%,а обољења мишићно-коштаног система код 12,2% радника. И поредвеће изложености професионалном стресу и старије животне добидеминерског тима РУЦЗ, редовно обављање периодичних љекарскихпрегледа и континуирано спровођење предложених превентивнихмјера допринијело је процентуално мањем учешћу повишеног крвногпритиска код њих него код радника из групе „осталих“ (17,8 : 20,7%). Пооснову психолошког тестирања, нађено је oдступање од предвиђенихнорми код тестова интелигенције за 5,1%, а код тестова личностиза 8,0%, али се оно односило углавном на појединачне тестове, и тоне у мјери која би значајно утицала на обављање послова. Код 16,0%радника нађени су поремећаји функције вида, и то највише у смислупотребе корекције вида код старијих радника. Код скоро сваког седмог(или 15,6%) прегледаног констатовано је оштећење слуха, и то каопосљедица акустичне трауме. Узроци нађених оштећења слуха кодрадника РУЦЗ и групе „осталих“ нису само посљедица изложеностипрофесионалним ризицима, већ и посљедица њиховог учешћа у рату.Имајући у виду просјечну животну доб и захтјеве у погледу функцијеслуха које су приликом пријема морали испуњавати радници СЈП, можесе закључити да су нађена оштећења слуха код њих посљедица самопрофесионалне трауме.
Evaluating the complementarity of communication tools for learning platforms
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo , Bezerra Eduardo , Guedes Gustavo , Assis Laura , Lima Leonardo , Ziviani Artur , Porto Fabio , Barbastefano Rafael , Ogasawara Eduardo
Published: December 2017

Due to the constant innovations in communications tools, several educational institutions are continually evaluating the adoption of new communication tools (NCT) for their adopted learning platforms (LP). Notably, many educational institutions are interested in checking if NCT is bringing benefits in their teaching and learning process. We can state an important problem that tackles this interest as for how to identify when NCT is providing a significantly different complementary communication flow concerning the current communication tools (CCT) provided at LP. This paper presents the Mixed Graph Framework (MGF) to address the problem of measuring the complementarity of an NCT in the scenario where some CCT is already established. Since we are interested in the methodological process, we evaluated MGF using synthetic data. Our experiments observed that the MGF was able to identify whether an NCT produces significant changes in the overall communications of an LP according to some centrality measures.
Estimating Sea Surface Temperature Measurement Methods Using Characteristic Differences in the Diurnal Cycle
Authors: Carella G. , Kennedy J. J. , Berry D. I. , Hirahara S. , Merchant C. J. , Morak‐Bozzo S. , Kent E. C.
Published: December 2017

Lack of reliable observational metadata represents a key barrier to understanding sea surface temperature (SST) measurement biases, a large contributor to uncertainty in the global surface record. We present a method to identify SST measurement practice by comparing the observed SST diurnal cycle from individual ships with a reference from drifting buoys under similar conditions of wind and solar radiation. Compared to existing estimates, we found a larger number of engine room‐intake (ERI) reports post–World War II and in the period 1960–1980. Differences in the inferred mixture of observations lead to a systematic warmer shift of the bias adjusted SST anomalies from 1980 compared to previous estimates, while reducing the ensemble spread. Changes in mean field differences between bucket and ERI SST anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere over the period 1955–1995 could be as large as 0.5°C and are not well reproduced by current bias adjustment models.
A New Method for Interpreting Nonstationary Running Correlations and Its Application to the ENSO‐EAWM Relationship
Authors: Geng Xin , Zhang Wenjun , Jin Fei‐Fei , Stuecker Malte F.
Published: December 2017

We here propose a new statistical method to interpret nonstationary running correlations by decomposing them into a stationary part and a first‐order Taylor expansion approximation for the nonstationary part. Then, this method is applied to investigate the nonstationary behavior of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) relationship, which exhibits prominent multidecadal variations. It is demonstrated that the first‐order approximation of the nonstationary part can be expressed to a large extent by the impact of the nonlinear interaction between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and ENSO (AMO*Niño3.4) on the EAWM. Therefore, the nonstationarity in the ENSO‐EAWM relationship comes predominantly from the impact of an AMO modulation on the ENSO‐EAWM teleconnection via this key nonlinear interaction. This general method can be applied to investigate nonstationary relationships that are often observed between various different climate phenomena.
Nightside Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Current Circuit: Implications for Auroral Streamers and Pi2 Pulsations
Authors: Ohtani S. , Uozumi T.
Published: December 2017

We investigate the electrodynamic coupling of the nightside magnetosphere‐ionosphere system using the analogy of a current circuit. In our model circuit the generator drives a constant current, which flows through the magnetotail and ionosphere branches. The magnetotail branch has a capacitor C and resistor RT, whereas the ionospheric branch has an inductor L and resistor RI. Each element is physically described with local quantities and geometries. For RT ≪ RI the electric circuit is characterized by three time constants: τCR(=CRT),
, and τL/R(=L/RI). It is found that τCR is of the order of the ion gyroperiod in the plasma sheet, and τLC and τL/R correspond to the eigenperiod and decay time of the field line oscillation, respectively. Therefore, despite the variability of each circuit element, τCR ≪ τLC ≪ τL/R holds generally. It is found that under this condition the current circuit is characterized as overdamped, and its decay time constant is given by τL/R. RI is smaller, and therefore, τL/R is longer as the structure is more elongated in the direction of convection. This may explain why the auroral streamers, which are considered to be the ionospheric manifestation of fast flows in the plasma sheet, last significantly longer than the flows themselves. Another application is the Pi2 pulsations at the substorm onsets. If RT increases by a factor of τLC/τCR, the system indeed becomes underdamped, and the oscillation period is given by 2πτLC. It is suggested that the substorm initiation is a distinct process with a significant enhancement of tail resistivity in a localized area.
Statistical Similarities Between WSA‐ENLIL+Cone Model and MAVEN in Situ Observations From November 2014 to March 2016
Authors: Lentz C. L. , Baker D. N. , Jaynes A. N. , Dewey R. M. , Lee C. O. , Halekas J. S. , Brain D. A.
Published: December 2017

Normal solar wind flows and intense solar transient events interact directly with the upper Martian atmosphere due to the absence of an intrinsic global planetary magnetic field. Since the launch of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, there are now new means to directly observe solar wind parameters at the planet's orbital location for limited time spans. Due to MAVEN's highly elliptical orbit, in situ measurements cannot be taken while MAVEN is inside Mars' magnetosheath. To model solar wind conditions during these atmospheric and magnetospheric passages, this research project utilized the solar wind forecasting capabilities of the WSA‐ENLIL+Cone model. The model was used to simulate solar wind parameters that included magnetic field magnitude, plasma particle density, dynamic pressure, proton temperature, and velocity during a four Carrington rotation‐long segment. An additional simulation that lasted 18 Carrington rotations was then conducted. The precision of each simulation was examined for intervals when MAVEN was in the upstream solar wind, that is, with no exospheric or magnetospheric phenomena altering in situ measurements. It was determined that generalized, extensive simulations have comparable prediction capabilities as shorter, more comprehensive simulations. Generally, this study aimed to quantify the loss of detail in long‐term simulations and to determine if extended simulations can provide accurate, continuous upstream solar wind conditions when there is a lack of in situ measurements.
Pyrroline Synthesis via Visible‐Light‐Promoted Hydroimination of Unactivated Alkenes with N,N′‐Dimethylpropylene Urea as H‐Donor
Authors: Cai Sai‐Hu , Wang Ding‐Xing , Ye Lu , Liu Ze‐Yao , Feng Chao , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: December 2017

Synthesis of 3,4‐pyrroline derivatives via visible‐light‐induced hydro/oxyimination of unactivated olefins is reported. In the presence of the photoredox catalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)3, the key iminyl radical intermediate can be readily generated from O‐acyl oximes, and undergoes intramolecular cyclization and H‐abstraction from solvent or is trapped by TEMPO to give the corresponding hydro/oxyimination product, respectively. Mechanistic investigations indicate that N,N′‐dimethylpropylene urea (DMPU) works as both reducing agent for catalyst regeneration and H‐donor for product formation in this process.

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Palladium‐catalyzed Selective Amination of Aryl(haloaryl)amines with 9H‐Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Ohtsuka Yuhki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Miyazaki Takanori , Yamakawa Tetsu
Published: December 2017

Palladium‐catalyzed amination of aryl(haloaryl)amines with 9H‐carbazole derivatives was investigated. In the amination of (4‐bromophenyl)phenylamine with 9H‐carbazole by the use of Pd2(dba)3/PtBu3/NaOtBu catalyst, the main product was desired 9‐[4‐(phenylamino)phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole in 60% yield with conversion of (4‐bromophenyl)phenylamine >99%, and the concomitant formation of 9‐[4‐[phenyl[4‐(phenylamino)phenyl]amino]phenyl]‐9H‐carbazole (15% yield), which is the consecutive by‐product, was observed. When XPhos was used instead of PtBu3, the desired product was provided in 81% yield and the consecutive by‐product was suppressed to 7.7%. The yield of the desired product reached 98% by the use of tBu‐XPhos. Such excellent yields of the desired product were also obtained with other 2‐di‐tert‐butyl‐ or 2‐di(1‐adamantyl)phosphino‐1,1’‐biaryls. Various 9‐(arylamino)aryl‐9H‐carbazoles could be synthesized from aryl(haloaryl)amines and 9H‐carbazole derivatives in high yields by the use of tBu‐XPhos. The amination of 4‐bromotoluene with a mixture of diphenylamine and 9H‐carbazole gave only 9‐o‐tolyl‐9H‐carbazole with tBu‐XPhos, while the use of PtBu3 or XPhos afforded the mixture of 9‐o‐tolyl‐9H‐carbazole and diphenyl(o‐tolyl)amine, indicating that Pd2(dba)3/tBu‐XPhos/NaOtBu catalyst high selectively favors 9H‐carbazole over diphenylamine as an amination substrate.

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Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 2‐Acylimidazoles with Nitroalkenes Promoted by Chiral‐at‐Metal Rhodium(III) Complexes
Authors: Thota Ganesh Kumar , Sun Gui‐Jun , Deng Tao , Li Yi , Kang Qiang
Published: December 2017

An enantioselective conjugate addition of 2‐acylimidazoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by chiral‐at‐metal rhodium(III) complex under mild reaction conditions was developed, affording versatile γ‐nitro ketone skeletons in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).

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Genetic diagnosis of Down syndrome in an underserved community
Authors: Sobering Andrew K. , Stevens Joshua B. , Smith Janice L. , Nelson Beverly , Donald Tyhiesia , Elsea Sarah H.
Published: December 2017

It is a matter of course that in high‐income countries, infants born with features suggestive of Down syndrome (DS) are offered genetic testing for confirmation of a clinical diagnosis. Benefits of a definitive diagnosis include an end to the diagnostic odyssey, informed prognosis, opportunities for caregiver support, inclusion to social support networks, and more meaningful genetic counseling. The healthcare experience for families of children born with DS in low‐ and middle‐income nations is in stark contrast with such a level of care. Barriers to obtaining genetic diagnosis might include economic disparities, geographical isolation, and lack of access to health care professionals trained in genetic medicine. As part of a combined research and community outreach effort, we provided genetic testing for several patients with DS. These individuals and their families live on several resource‐limited Caribbean islands and have either limited or virtually no access to medical genetics services. Within this group were three families with recurrent DS. Karyotype established that translocation events were not involved in the DS in any of these families. This information enabled genetic counseling to help family members understand their recurrent DS. A definitive diagnosis of DS is beneficial to families in resource‐limited communities and may help to provide such families with genetic counseling, reassurance, and peace of mind.
Osteologic analysis of ethnic differences in supernumerary ethmoidal foramina: implications for endoscopic sinus and orbit surgery
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: December 2017

Background

Knowledge of the position of the ethmoidal arteries is critical to enable safe endoscopic sinus and orbital surgery. The presence of a third or “middle” ethmoid variant has recently become more relevant as endoscopic intraconal surgery continues to advance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the presence of supernumerary (ie, over 2) ethmoid foramina in different ethnicities and genders.

Methods

Morphometric osteologic measurements were performed in 273 orbits. Prevalence of supernumerary ethmoid foramina and orbital length data were obtained from human skulls of Asian (n = 54), Caucasian (n = 70), African (n = 39), Hispanic (n = 49), and Middle Eastern (n = 61) derivation. Correlations between gender, ethnicity, symmetry, orbital floor, and lamina papyracea length were assessed by analysis of variance, paired t test, and χ2 test.

Results

Supernumerary foramina were identified in 95 of 273 orbits (34.79%). A significantly higher prevalence was seen in Asian (42.59%), African (41.02%), and Hispanic (41.00%) skulls as compared with Caucasian (25.71%) and Middle Eastern (22.95%) skulls (p < 0.05 for all). The length of the orbital floor was significantly shorter in the Asian (3.35 ± 1.52 cm) specimens (p < 0.01). Asians were found to have the highest risk of ethmoid artery injury compared with the other ethnic groups (ratio of number of supernumerary foramina to orbital floor length = 0.72).

Conclusion

Supernumerary ethmoidal foramina were common among all orbits studied. Orbits of Asian and African derivation had significantly greater numbers of ethmoidal foramina, both unilaterally and symmetrically and within a shorter orbital length, suggesting a greater proximity between the ethmoidal vessels. Surgeons should be alert to the possible presence of middle ethmoidal vessels during endoscopic sinus and orbital approaches.
The sinonasal microbiota, neural signaling, and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hoggard Michael , Nocera Angela , Biswas Kristi , Taylor Michael W. , Douglas Richard G. , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: December 2017

Background

The complex relationships between the human microbiota, the immune system, and the brain play important roles in both health and disease, and have been of increasing interest in the study of chronic inflammatory mucosal conditions. We hypothesized that the sinonasal microbiota may act as a modifier of interkingdom neural signaling and, subsequently, mental health, in the upper respiratory inflammatory condition chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study we investigated associations between the sinonasal microbiota; local concentrations of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA); and depression severity in a cohort of 14 CRS patients and 12 healthy controls.

Methods

Subject demographics, clinical severity scores, depression index scores, and sinonasal swab and mucus samples were collected at the time of surgery. Bacterial communities were characterized from swabs by 16S rRNA gene‐targeted sequencing and quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mucus concentrations of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and GABA were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Several commonly “health‐associated” sinonasal bacterial taxa were positively associated with higher neurotransmitter concentrations and negatively associated with depression severity. In contrast, several taxa commonly associated with an imbalanced sinonasal microbiota negatively associated with neurotransmitters and positively with depression severity. Few significant differences were identified when comparing between control and CRS subject groups, including neurotransmitter concentrations, depression scores, or sinonasal microbiota composition or abundance.

Conclusion

The findings obtained lend support to the potential for downstream effects of the sinonasal microbiota on neural signaling and, subsequently, brain function and behavior.
Ion Specificity on Electric Energy Generated by Flowing Water Droplets
Authors: Park Junwoo , Song Suhwan , Shin ChaeHo , Yang YoungJun , Weber Stefan A. L. , Sim Eunji , Kim Youn Sang
Published: December 2017

The development of energy‐conversion devices using water movement has actively progressed. Ionovoltaic devices, which are driven by ion dynamics, show ion specificity by which different ions with identical charges show different output performance. However, the ion specificity remains poorly understood because the influence of the ion species on generated electric signals is not elucidated. The ion specificity in electric signals induced by flowing water droplet was investigated in terms of its relationship with the potential profile across the solid–liquid interface.
miR‐128 Regulates Genes Associated with Inflammation and Fibrosis of Rat Kidney Cells In Vitro
Authors: Shyamasundar Sukanya , Ong Cynthia , Yung Lin‐Yue Lanry , Dheen S Thameem , Bay Boon Huat
Published: December 2017

microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate diverse cellular functions and signaling pathways via inhibiting the expression of their target genes. Given that miR‐128 mediates mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling and production of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory chemokines in various types of cells and tissues, and that miR‐128 is differentially expressed in aged and diseased kidneys, we hypothesized that miR‐128 may play key roles in kidney inflammation. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the biological effects of miR‐128 in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells in vitro. Our results revealed that overexpression of miR‐128 enhanced expression of genes associated with inflammation, pro‐inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in NRK cells. The recent reports showing that expression of miR‐128 is increased in liver and lung fibrosis, together with the findings in this study, suggest that miR‐128 may be a pro‐fibrotic miRNA that regulates fibrosis in various tissues. Anat Rec, 301:913–921, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and functional assay of a fatty acyl‐CoA reductase gene in the scale insect, Ericerus pela Chavannes (Hemiptera: Coccoidae)
Authors: Hu Yan‐Hong , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Yang Pu , Ding Wei‐Feng
Published: December 2017

Ericerus pela Chavannes (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) is an economically important scale insect because the second instar males secrete a harvestable wax‐like substance. In this study, we report the molecular cloning of a fatty acyl‐CoA reductase gene (EpFAR) of E. pela. We predicted a 520‐aa protein with the FAR family features from the deduced amino acid sequence. The EpFAR mRNA was expressed in five tested tissues, testis, alimentary canal, fat body, Malpighian tubules, and mostly in cuticle. The EpFAR protein was localized by immunofluorescence only in the wax glands and testis. EpFAR expression in High Five insect cells documented the recombinant EpFAR reduced 26‐0:(S) CoA and to its corresponding alcohol. The data illuminate the molecular mechanism for fatty alcohol biosynthesis in a beneficial insect, E. pela.
Supernova physics with DUNE
Authors: LoSecco John M. ,   for the DUNE collaboration
Published: December 2017

Supernovae are dramatic, short‐lived astrophysical phenomena that release about 3 × 1053 ergs of energy in the form of neutrinos on timescales of a few seconds. A supernova marks the end nuclear fusion in massive stars and the transition to a neutron star or black hole. Massive neutrino detectors have the potential to observe the neutrino bursts and to learn quite a bit about the nature of supernova astrophysics as well as the nature of neutrinos. The only observation, to date, came in 1987, when neutrinos emitted by a supernova in the large magellanic cloud (LMC) were detected on Earth. Only about 24 events were observed at that time, but they confirmed many of our conceptions of the role of neutrinos in supernova. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) has the ability to greatly extend our knowledge of supernova and is complementary to others with large detectors that could also observe the burst.
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: The precision era of neutrino physics
Authors: Kemp E. ,   for the DUNE Collaboration
Published: December 2017

The last decade was remarkable for neutrino physics. In particular, the phenomenon of neutrino flavor oscillations has been firmly established by a series of independent measurements. All parameters of the neutrino mixing are now known, and we have the elements to plan a judicious exploration of new scenarios that are opened by these recent advances. With precise measurements, we can test the three‐neutrino paradigm, neutrino mass hierarchy, and charge conjugation parity (CP) asymmetry in the lepton sector. The future long‐baseline experiments are considered to be a fundamental tool to deepen our knowledge of electroweak interactions. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will detect a broadband neutrino beam from Fermilab in an underground massive liquid argon time‐projection chamber at an L/E of about 103 km GeV−1 to reach good sensitivity for CP‐phase measurements and the determination of the mass hierarchy. The dimensions and the depth of the far detector also create an excellent opportunity to look for rare signals like proton decay to study violation of the baryonic number, as well as supernova neutrino bursts, broadening the scope of the experiment to astrophysics and associated impacts in cosmology. In this paper, we discuss the physics motivations and the main experimental features of the DUNE project required to reach its scientific goals.
Radiative GRMHD simulations of accretion disks
Authors: Kluźniak W. , Abarca D. , Mishra B.
Published: December 2017

We describe some recent results on the evolution of accretion disks around black holes and neutron stars obtained in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in general relativity (GR) with the inclusion of radiation (GRRMHD).
Violation of Birkhoff's theorem for pure quadratic gravity action
Authors: Kehm D. , Kirsch J. , Struckmeier J. , Vasak D. , Hanauske M.
Published: December 2017

We investigate the application of Birkhoff's theorem to Einstein's quadratic conjecture for the vacuum action. A derivation of the vacuum solution follows from the general metric ansatz for an uncharged, spherically symmetric and static stellar object. It is shown that the Schwarzschild‐de Sitter metric is not the only static solution for the quadratic field equation in vacuum. Moreover, with a time dependency as starting point in the metric ansatz, we find a time‐dependent solution. The existence of such a solution implies that Birkhoff's theorem is not strictly valid for the quadratic gravity Lagrangian.
From the nonrelativistic Morse potential to a unified treatment of a large class of bound‐state solutions of a modified D‐dimensional Klein–Gordon equation
Authors: Garcia M. G. , de Castro A. S. , Castro L. B. , Alberto P.
Published: December 2017

Bound‐state solutions of the D‐dimensional Klein–Gordon equation for a large set of couplings and potential functions are generated from the nonrelativistic bound‐state solutions of the one‐dimensional generalized Morse potential. Added bonuses from these mappings are the straightforward determination of the critical attractive singular potential and the proper boundary condition on the radial eigenfunction at the origin.
Magnetic field distribution in strongly magnetized neutron stars
Authors: Dexheimer V. , Franzon B. , Gomes R.O. , Farias R.L.S. , Avancini S.S.
Published: December 2017

In this work, we expand on a previously reported realistic calculation of the magnetic field profile for the equation of state inside strongly magnetized neutron stars. In addition to showing that magnetic fields increase quadratically with increasing baryon chemical potential of magnetized matter (instead of exponentially, as previously assumed), we show here that the magnetic field increase with baryon number density is more complex and harder to model. We do so by the analysis of several different realistic models for the microscopic description of matter in the star (including hadronic, hybrid, and quark models) combined with general relativistic solutions by solving the Einstein–Maxwell field equations in a self‐consistent way for stars endowed with a poloidal magnetic field.
Reinvestigation of the electron fraction and electron Fermi energy of neutron star
Authors: Gao Z. F. , Shan H. , Wang W. , Wang N.
Published: December 2017

In this work, we reinvestigate the electron fraction Ye and electron Fermi energy EF(e) of neutron stars, based on our previous work, in which we first deduce a special solution to EF(e), and then obtain several useful analytical formulae for Ye and matter density ρ within classical models and the relativistic mean‐field (RMF) theory using numerical fitting. The advantages of this formalism include the following: (a) Linear functions are substituted for the nonlinear exponential functions used in the previous work. This method may be simpler and closer to realistic equation of state (EoS) of a neutron star (NS) because there are linear or quasi‐linear relationships between number fractions of leptons and matter density, which can be seen by solving NS EoS. (b) We introduce a dimensionless variable ϱ (ϱ = ρ/ρ0, ρ0 is the standard saturated nuclear density), which greatly reduces the scope of the fitting coefficients. (c) We present numerical errors including absolute and relative deviations between the data and fit. By numerical simulations, we obtain several analytical formulae for Ye and ρ for both APR98 and RMF models. Combining these analytical formulae with the special solution, we can calculate the value of EF(e) for any given matter density. Since Ye and EF(e) are important in assessing the cooling rate of an NS and the possibility of kaon/pion condensation in the NS's interior, this formalism could be useful in the future studies on the thermal evolution of an NS.
Effective field theory for neutron stars with WIMPS in the pc‐GR formalism
Authors: Razeira M. , Hadjimichef D. , Machado M.V.T. , Köpp F. , Volkmer G.L. , Vasconcellos C.A.Z.
Published: December 2017

The field equations of the pseudo‐complex general relativity (pc‐GR) have an extra term, of repulsive character, which may halt the gravitational attractive collapse of matter distributions in the evolution process of compact stars. This additional term simulates the presence of dark energy in the Universe. In this paper, we explore the presence of this additional term and study the role of dark energy in the structure of neutron stars composed by nucleons, hyperons, mesons, and weakly interacting massive fermion dark matter particles (WIMPs) held together by the nuclear force and the gravitational interaction superimposed on the repulsive background of dark energy. To describe the hadron–lepton sector, we consider three different effective models, Zimanyi–Moszkowski, Boguta–Bodmer, and the analytic parameterized coupling model, which we extend to consider, in the baryonic sector, the presence of the whole fundamental baryon octet. By solving the Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff (TOV) equations, we estimate the maximum gravitational mass of neutron stars.
Equilibrium configurations of white dwarfs in the pseudo‐complex general relativity
Authors: Costa J. E. S. , Hadjimichef D. , Machado M. V. T. , Köpp F. , Volkmer G. L. , Razeira M. , Vasconcellos C. A. Z.
Published: December 2017

Observations of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) admit white dwarfs (WDs) with masses as high as 2.3−2.6M⊙, surpassing in this way the mass limit of WDs established by Chandrasekhar (1.44M⊙). Within the scope of pseudo‐complex general relativity (pc‐GR), we investigate a possible mechanism for such a hypothesis, using a very simple model for the WD matter, which consists in our approach of ionized hydrogen and helium nuclei (nucleons) and electrons. In pc‐GR, the field equations have an extra term compared to the field equations of Einstein's general relativity. This additional term is associated with the nature of spacetime, of repulsive character, which is believed to halt the gravitational attractive collapse of matter distributions in the evolution process of compact stars. This additional term arises from microscale phenomena due to vacuum fluctuations, which simulate the presence of dark energy in the Universe. In a more conventional theoretical description of a WD, the electron degeneracy pressure ultimately stabilizes the star against collapse. In this paper, we explore the presence of this additional term of pc‐GR and study the role of dark energy in the structure of WDs, constituted by nucleons and electrons and held together by the presence of the gravitational interaction, and superimposed on a repulsive background of dark energy. The corresponding versions of the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations in the pc‐GR formalism are solved, and the mass–radius relations as well as the maximum mass of the WD star are determined for different parameter configurations.
Measurement of antiproton production in p–He collisions at LHCb to constrain the secondary cosmic antiproton flux
Authors: Graziani G. ,   on behalf of the LHCb collaboration
Published: December 2017

The flux of cosmic ray antiprotons is a powerful tool for indirect detection of dark matter. The sensitivity is limited by the uncertainty on the predicted antiproton flux from scattering of primary rays on the interstellar medium. This is, in turn, limited by the knowledge of production cross‐sections, notably in p–He scattering. Thanks to its internal gas target, the LHCb experiment performed the first measurement of antiproton production from collisions of LHC proton beams on He nuclei at rest. The results and prospects are presented.
Uniformly accelerated point charge along a cusp
Authors: Good M. R. R. , Oikonomou T. , Akhmetzhanova G.
Published: December 2017

A uniformly accelerated point charge with an analytic vacuum excitation spectrum is examined. We find the angular distribution of the Larmor radiation.
Color transparency in ρ0, ϕ, and J/Ψ mesons photoproduction
Authors: Arrebato Villar D.Y. , Bell A. , Guzmãn F.
Published: December 2017

Employing the Feynman diagrams technique, the Golec–Biernat–Wustoff (GBW) model for performing nucleon–dipole interaction, and the Regge theory, a new approach for computing in a unique way (perturbative and nonperturbative) vector meson production is presented. The interaction between the color dipole created by the virtual photon and the nucleon is carried out by the exchange of two virtual gluons, which connect the color dipole with the gluonic sea inside the nucleon through a three‐gluon vertex. The model is explored in the production of ρ0, ϕ, and J/Ψ mesons.
Negotiating uncertain economic times: Youth employment strategies in England
Authors: Hoskins Bryony , Leonard Pauline , Wilde Rachel J.
Published: December 2017

Higher education is commonly understood as the gateway to better, higher‐paying jobs. This paper draws on longitudinal survey and interview data to explore how different groups of young people, those who left school at 18 and those graduating from higher education, negotiated pathways into employment or otherwise during the recent economic recessionary climate in England. While a mix of employment and unemployment featured in both groups, with temporary and unstable contracts more common than skilled and secure jobs, our evidence reveals that those with degrees were less likely to be in work at the ages of 22 to 23 than those who left school to enter employment at 18. In some contradistinction to popular discourses on the employability benefits of higher education therefore, entering paid work at 18 was a more effective strategy for being in employment five years later than proceeding into higher education.