bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An empirical study of professional translators’ attitudes, use and awareness of Web 2.0 technologies, and implications for the adoption of emerging technologies and trends
Authors: Gough Joanna
Published: October 2021

This questionnaire-based study was conducted as a part of an MA Dissertation in the summer of 2010 (Gough, 2010a). It examines the trends within the translation industry which have developed in response to the evolution of the Web from Web 1.0 (the information web) to Web 2.0 (the social web) and places professional translators against the backdrop of these trends. The developments based on the principles of sharing, openness and collaboration associated with Web 2.0 can be seen as affecting the tools used by translators and the processes in which they engage. This study examines professional translators’ awareness and perception of the new open, collaborative tools and processes and the degree of tools usage and process participation. The key findings of this study highlight translators’ vague awareness and insufficient understanding of these trends, marginal use of the open tools and little engagement in the collaborative processes. The underlying factor determining translators’ awareness, perception and the use of these tools and processes is their attitude towards adopting new technologies, with an indication that professionals with innovative attitudes are more inclined to embrace the new trends and developments.
An example of genre shift in the medicinal product information genre system
Authors: Ezpeleta Piorno Pilar
Published: October 2021

Medical writers and translators need information of three kinds: conceptual, contextual and textual. When in possession of this information, they can progressively improve their efficiency. Textual genre has proved to be useful to linguistic mediators of professional texts, providing them with the communicative and textual competence required. I suggest that the scope of textual genre can usefully be widened to include the notion of genre systems. This notion can be particularly useful for obtaining contextual information and understanding complex communicative activities in professional groups and can help enhance the professional competence of medical writers and translators. This paper has a two-fold objective: to describe the dynamic continuum of medical communication that operates in the genre system constituted by product information genres in the pharmaceutical sector also considering the restraints, genre conventions and sequence imposed by metagenres; and to illustrate the intralinguistic genre shift translation process that takes place between the summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet.
Translating into Textual Genres
Authors: García Izquierdo Isabel , Montalt i Resurrecció Vicent
Published: October 2021

When we translate, we do so for specific communicative situations and purposes; that is, we write translations that will fulfil the needs and conventions of specific textual genres in the target language and culture. The aim of this article, which draws on data and experience from the GENTT project, is to explore the relationship between translation and genre theory in order to understand better how translators are involved in interlinguistic and intercultural communication.Genre theory is attractive to Translation Studies because it links the micro level of writing and text to the macro level of discourse and context, unites process with product and integrates the cognitive, social and profes¬sional approaches to translation. Thus, the notion of genre brings together critical elements in translation such as the reader ’s profile, expectations and preferences; the communicative situation and purpose; and the socio-cultural context. In order to understand better how translators are involved in interlinguistic and intercultural communication, we suggest a remodelling of translation in which the target genre plays a central role.
Based on the granger causality tests the research about the relation between the real economy and virtual economy in china
Authors: Xie Kui , Wang Yuming , Liu Hang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we use the data of total volume of stock, bonds issued the final balance, total volume of futures and funds total turnover from 1994 to 2012 to represent virtual economy index, using GDP on behalf of the entity economy index, using the unit root test, cointegration test and granger causality test method to explore the relationship between virtual economy and real economy of our country in recent years. As a matter of fact, there is two-way causal relationship between China's real economy and virtual economy now, the real economy development is advantageous to the virtual economy, virtual economy growth, in turn, promotes the development of the real economy, the future of economic development at the same time to pay more attention to the coordinated development between real economy and virtual economy.
A NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE POLARITY AND SUBJECTIVITY OF IPHONE 12 TWITTER FEEDS USING TEXTBLOB
Authors: Abubakar B. U. , Uppin C.
Published: October 2021

Sentiment analysis and opinion mining is a branch of computer science that has gained considerable growth over the last decade. This branch of computer science deals with determining the emotions, opinions, feelings amongst others of a person on a particular topic. Social media has become an outlet for people to voice out their thoughts and opinions publicly about various topics of discussion making it a great domain to apply sentiment analysis and opinion mining. Sentiment analysis and opinion mining employ Natural Language Processing (NLP) in order to fairly obtain the mood of a person’s opinion about any specific topic or product in the case of an ecommerce domain. It is a process involving automatic feature extractions by mode of notions of a person about service and it functions on a series of different expressions for a given topic based on some predefined features stored in a database of facts. In an ecommerce system, the process of analyzing the opinions of customers about products is vital for business growth and customer satisfaction. This proposed research will attempt to implement a model for sentiment analysis and opinion mining on Twitter feeds. In this paper, we address the issues of combining sentiment classification and the domain constraint analysis techniques for extracting opinions of the public from social media. The dataset that was employed in the paper was gotten from Twitter through the tweepy API. The TextBlob library was used for the analysis of the tweets to determine their sentiments. The result shows that more tweets were having a positive subjectivity and polarity on the subject matter.
Bioestatística em ciência do movimento humano e saúde coletiva
Authors: Hartmann Cassio , Lopes Gabriel César Dias , Vieira Fábio da Silva Ferreira , Samuel Bensson V
Published: October 2021

A bioestatística é a estatística aplicada ao campo biológico e médico, sendo essencial ao planejamento, coleta, avaliação e interpretação de todos os dados obtidos nas áreas de saúde. O presente artigo teve como objetivo apresentar os principais testes estatísticos em ciência do movimento humano e saúde coletiva, que são fundamentais para análise e interpretação de dados em pesquisa com Seres humanos e em pesquisas em ciência do movimento humano e saúde coletiva. Conclui-se que é de fundamental importância conhecer os tipos de pesquisa e as aplicações da bioestatística, afim de que o pesquisador possa seguir um caminho metodológico, uma linha de raciocínio coerente e não venha se precipitar em possíveis erros de viés durante a execução da pesquisa em ciência do movimento humano e saúde coletiva
Student performance classification and prediction in fully online environment using Decision tree
Authors: Al Karim Musaddiq , Ara Mst. Yeasmin , Masnad Md. Mahadi , Rasel Mostafa , Nandi Dip
Published: October 2021

Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) is a multidisciplinary field of study that focuses on methodologies for extracting useful knowledge from data. During the latest Covid-19 pandemic, there was a significant uptick in online-based learning (e-learning) operations as every educational institution moved its operations to digital channels. To increase the quality of education in this new normal, it is necessary to determine the key factors in students’ performance. The main objective of this study is to exploit the regulating factors of education via digital platforms during the covid-19 pandemic by extracting knowledge and a set of rules by using the Decision Tree (j48) classifier.  In this study, we developed a conceptual framework using four datasets, each with a different set of attributes and instances, collected from “X-University” and Microsoft teams. ‘Final term’ and ‘Mid-term’ examinations acted as the root node for all four datasets. The findings of this study would benefit higher education institutions by helping instructors and students to recognize the shortcomings and influences controlling students' performance in the online platforms during the covid-19 pandemic, as well as serve as an early warning framework for predicting students' deficiencies and low school performance.
Prácticas de cultura organizacional a distancia desde una perspectiva de responsabilidad social empresarial
Authors: González Vega Brianda Guadalupe , Morales Vargas Alejandra , Marín Jimeno Yarene Itzel , Barajas Ruiz Miriam Liliana
Published: October 2021

La situación ocasionada por la COVID-19 ha propiciado el desarrollo tecnológico, así como la transformación, adaptación e innovación en los procesos organizacionales a distancia, permitiendo que las y los trabajadores realicen sus labores vía remota. El presente proyecto analiza prácticas de Cultura Organizacional a distancia desde una perspectiva de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). Se utilizó la metodología estudio de caso mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 21 estudiantes de la carrera Técnico Superior Universitario, Área Capital Humano, de la Universidad Tecnológica de Querétaro (UTEQ), México. Los resultados previos muestran un listado de rasgos y prácticas para mantener y propiciar una Cultura Organizacional a distancia en la que se practique la RSE.
Diagnóstico del proceso de selección de empresas de la entidad queretana: perspectiva del talento humano
Authors: González Trujillo Gerardo , Cruz Manzano Deyanira
Published: October 2021

La finalidad de la investigación consistió en describir los procesos de selección de las empresas queretanas, de cualquier estratificación económica y sector industrial. Así mismo, se buscó determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre la calidad de la entrevista de selección, pruebas de selección, condiciones laborales y la motivación, con relación al tipo de reclutamiento y la afinidad del perfil del talento humano en la unidad de trabajo más reciente o actual. El tipo de estudio que se realizó, fue cuantitativo, ya que el planteamiento del problema, se dirige a varios propósitos y existe la intención de estimar magnitudes o cantidades (Hernández-Sampieri y Mendoza, 2018, pág. 40.), siendo que el propósito principal fue determinar diferencias significativas causales entre el tipo de reclutamiento y la afinidad del perfil del talento humano como variables independientes, con relación a la calidad de la entrevista y pruebas de selección, condiciones laborales y la motivación como variables dependientes o de respuesta. La observación sobre la relación entre ambos tipos de variables se realizó utilizando el análisis multivariado de varianza (MANOVA). La prueba de hipótesis 1, se aceptó la Ho, toda vez que no influye el tipo de reclutamiento, con la calidad de los procesos de selección del talento humano en la entidad queretana. La prueba de hipótesis 2, se aceptó la H1 indicando que influye la afinidad del perfil del puesto, con la calidad de los procesos de selección del talento humano en la entidad queretana, principalmente en la calidad de la entrevista de selección y en las condiciones laborales. Se concluyó que las empresas deben realizar y diseñar perfiles y descripciones de puestos antes de realizar un proceso de integración de talento humano.
Coincidencias y divergencias entre las prácticas de gestión humana adelantadas por los dirigentes-emprendedores y los dirigentes-empleados en las microempresas del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia
Authors: Montealegre González José Vicente , Cubillos Calderón Carlos Hernán , Delgado Cortés Alberto
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación se adelantó con el propósito de interpretar las prácticas de gestión humana, consideradas universales, realizadas en las microempresas del sector hotelero de la ciudad de Ibagué, pues ante la incuestionable importancia del talento humano son las grandes organizaciones y cadenas hoteleras las que cuentan con mejores posibilidades para realizar una adecuada gestión del personal, en contraste con las pequeñas organizaciones que tienen recursos y capacidades limitadas. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se empleó el método cualitativo, con fundamento en los planteamientos básicos de la Grounded Theory (Teoría fundada o fundamentada). Las fases de recopilación, análisis e interpretación de la información se orientaron ideológicamente por el método PRODIN (Prospective Dialectic Interpersonal Method). Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se destaca la identificación de dos tipos de dirigentes: los dirigentes-empleados (no propietarios) y los dirigentes-emprendedores (propietarios), quienes coinciden en la realización de charlas informales y exploratorias en la práctica de vinculación, en las que la intuición juega un papel fundamental para decidir sobre el candidato más idóneo al igual que la ausencia de pruebas estandarizadas y entrevistas estructuradas o semiestructuradas. La capacitación, a su vez, es una práctica subvalorada pues se asume que la experiencia de los colaboradores en la actividad hotelera es suficiente para desempeñarse eficientemente. La evaluación del desempeño es realizada por observación in-situ de las labores diarias, no es planificada ni sistemática y se emplea, casi exclusivamente, con fines de amonestación y despido. El plan de carrera al igual que las posibilidades de ascenso es inexistente. Por otra parte, mientras los dirigentes-empleados verifican telefónicamente los antecedentes laborales, los dirigentes-emprendedores no realizan esta labor dado que privilegian la referenciación o recomendación personal. La práctica de remuneración igualmente presenta divergencias, pues los emprendedores que lideran sus organizaciones generalmente ocupan familiares sin contratos de trabajo formalmente establecidos y al finalizar cada mes dividen las utilidades. A su vez, las empresas lideradas por dirigentes-empleados distan de las famiempresas en tanto no vinculan familiares, hay mayor nivel de formalidad en los contratos y efectúan pagos quincenales, mensuales o por turnos de trabajo.
Analisis de la demanda de chocolate quesada en diferentes sectores de la zona sur de Bogotá
Authors: López Peña Salome del Pilar , Morales Aguilar Johan Stiven , Rojas González Sergio Camilo
Published: October 2021

Con el presente estudio de investigación, se pretendió obtener información relevante acerca del comportamiento de los consumidores de la empresa CASA LUKER en la zona sur de la ciudad de Bogotá, una vez de identificó una disminución significativa en la demanda de Chocolate Quesada durante dos periodos consecutivos. En ese sentido se propuso un estudio que permitió analizar las causas de la disminución de las ventas del chocolate Quesada en la zona sur de Bogotá, específicamente las localidades de Bosa y Tunjuelito. Se presenta un estudio mixto y transversal de estudio de caso, definido sobre la demanda de Chocolate Quesada en dos tiendas de la zona sur de Bogotá. Este trabajo de campo se realizó en dos fases. Por último, se realizó un análisis de las encuestas realizadas en los dos sectores cuya población tiene el mismo estrato socioeconómico y características similares, generando así las posibles soluciones que permita una mayor rotación del chocolate Quesada. Cabe resaltar el hecho de que la mayoría de personas encuestadas fue de sexo femenino, con un 71%, el estrato 2 fue el que más encuestados tuvo con un 70% seguido del estrato 1 con un 17%, así mismo el rango de edad al que se le realizaron la mayor cantidad de encuestas fue de 20 - 39 años. El 83% de la población encuestada afirmó reconocer el chocolate Quesada y, de estos, solo a un 32% manifestó no gustarle la nueva presentación. En general el comportamiento de estos estratos está encaminado a una relación de un precio medio con un buen sabor de chocolate y con un consumo un poco bajo, en donde sale a relucir el estrato 1, siendo este el único que tiene como presencia el precio más alto del mercado y sin ningún encuestado que prefiera el precio más bajo, a esto se adiciona el hecho de que su consumo sea un poco mayor al de los otros estratos analizados, concluyendo así que la mayoría de personas prefieren un consumo moderado y un precio medio para el chocolate.
Metodología medhive: desarrollo de competencias digitales en el contexto educativo
Authors: Sirvente Américo , Bitar Tamara Abigail , Jiménez Pitre Iris , Jiménez Pitre Iris
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objeto determinar la relación entre la planeación financiera y rentabilidad en empresas prestadoras de servicios de bombeo electrosumergible en el campo Moporo de PDVSA, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, correlacional con diseño no experimental de campo y transaccional, apoyada en la encuesta como instrumento la cual fue aplicada a diferentes personas en el área financiera y gerencial de las empresas Baker Hughes a GE Company y Schlumberger. La investigación arrojó como resultado que las empresas mencionadas anteriormente consideran el presupuesto de ingresos y egresos en su planificación, sin embargo, tienen problemas en considerar el presupuesto de efectivo al no poder controlar la cantidad que requieren para afrontar las necesidades ordinarias de recursos y no poder incluir las entradas esperadas de efectivo para el periodo financiero especifico, además se concluye que efectivamente las empresas consideran el presupuesto de capital y presupuesto de utilidades para elaborar los planes financieros a largo plazo, del mismo modo se observa que el margen de utilidades y la rotación de activos son calculados por las empresas para el cálculo de la rentabilidad económica, del mismo modo tanto el margen de utilidades como la rotación de activos son estudiados para determinar la rentabilidad financiera. Finalmente se obtuvo que la planeación financiera y la rentabilidad tienen una relación débil en el presente estudio con un valore de correlación de Pearson de 0,36.
Prediction of Domestic Passengers at Kualanamu International Airport Using Long Short Term Memory Network
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Dwiyanto Dwiyanto , Sinambela Marzuki , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Manalu Darwis Robinson
Published: October 2021

Domestic passenger forecasting provides key input into decisions of daily operation management and infrastructure planning of airports and air navigation services and for aircraft ordering and design. Planning for the future is one of the most important keys to success, forecasting is the way. The goal of this study to predict the number of domestic passengers at Kualanamu International Airport. The time-series data were employed from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). The result is then discussed in the context of the potential use of the proposed for a new perspective for the predicting of domestic passengers at Kualanamu International Airport, Indonesia. The machine learning approach using long short term memory (LSTM) presents a useful way of observing the domestic passenger predict the passenger time series.
Penyuluhan Strategi Pemasaran Digital Kerajinan Tenun Ulos di Kampung Ulos Hutaraja Desa Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan Kecamatan Pangururan Kabupaten Samosir Sumatera Utara
Authors: Harianja Andy Paul
Published: October 2021

Pemasaran produk kerajinan khususnya produk ulos di Kampung Ulos Hutaraja masih dilakukan secara manual. Daya tawar produk ulos ini jelas kalah bersaing dengan produk lain yang sudah memanfaatkan teknologi. Situasi ini membuat masyarakat mengalami kesulitan dalam memasarkan produk ulos mereka. Persoalan ini menarikÂ  untuk dikaji dan menjadi dasar dalam melakukan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk penyuluhan pemasaran digital kerajinan tenun ulos. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberi bantuan kepada masyarakat dalam pemasaran produk ulos. Kegiatan ini dilakukan agar masyarakat Kampung Ulos bisa terbantu secara sosial ekonomiÂ Â  dan kesadaran kritisnya tumbuh terkait dengan kemajuan teknologi.Â  Kegiatan ini juga bertujuan menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya melibatkan kaum muda untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam pelestarian budaya daerah.Â Â Â  Bantuan penyuluhan yang diberikan juga membantu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat kampung ulos dengan peluang pemasaran yang lebih besar melalui pemanfaatan teknologi.
EFL Students’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Virtual Classrooms in Enhancing Communication Skills
Authors: Alshumaimeri Yousif A. , Alhumud Abeer M.
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to examine students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of virtual classrooms in enhancing their communication skills. Study participants were 43 female English majors at the College of Education at a Saudi Arabian university. This study was conducted during the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year when COVID-19 restrictions necessitated online learning. The study implemented a mixed methodology approach in which qualitative and quantitative tools were used to collect data. Two data collection instruments were used: a questionnaire and observations. In the questionnaire findings, students identified lack of confidence, anxiety surrounding making mistakes, and lack of vocabulary as their greatest challenges when communicating in English. The questionnaire also revealed that students held positive attitudes towards the effectiveness of virtual classrooms in enhancing their oral communication skills. The observation data revealed that virtual classrooms can play a significant role in enhancing students’ communication skills. However, despite their positive views of virtual classrooms, students agreed that the lack of face-to-face communication was a major obstacle in online learning.

 
Dos aprendizados agrícolas às escolas agrotécnicas: a gênese da escola agrotécnica federal Dom Avelar Brandão Vilela em Petrolina-PE, no contexto histórico do ensino técnico federal no Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Inês Silva , Gomes Rodrigues José Roberto
Published: October 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o contexto no qual foi idealizada e concretizada a implantação da Escola Agrotécnica Federal Dom Avelar Brandão Vilela, em Petrolina (PE), no ano de 1988, a possível relação com a institucionalização da forma de ensino técnico-profissional no Brasil e, especificamente, do ensino agrícola. Tal análise é realizada a partir dos conceitos de campo e de formas de escolarização, numa perspectiva relacional e sócio-histórica, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O artigo aborda as raízes do ensino técnico no Brasil, as relações escravistas e força de trabalho; as Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices e a normatização do ensino agrícola; as Escolas Agrotécnicas Federais, concluindo com a ideia de que é possível perceber uma confluência de elementos na gênese desta instituição e da Escola Dom Avelar Brandão Vilela.
Evolution of gas security in Bulgaria - case study
Authors: Wojcieszak Łukasz
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is to present the complex issues of gas security in Bulgaria, a country
which used to be entirely dependent on raw material delivered from the Russian
Federation. Bulgaria has no large raw material resources on its own territory and has
tried for several years to diversify the sources and routes of natural gas supply, both
through the construction of gas pipelines as well as through the import of liquefied
gas. Azerbaijan may become important gas importer to Bulgaria and interconnector
linking Bulgaria with Greece may singificantly impact the diversification process. Russia
remains an important importer of raw material to Bulgaria and will keep this position
in the foreseeable future. Russia is trying to maintain its position on the Bulgarian
gas market through further infrastructure investments, regardless of the diversification
processes forced by EU regulations that liberalise the gas market.
Uma abordagem baseada em mineração de dados para apoio ao ciclo de vida de projetos de pesquisa e inovação
Authors: Pedroso Louise Guimarães , Revoredo Kate , Baião Fernanda
Published: October 2021

O acompanhamento de projetos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação requer o controle do ciclo de vida desses, o que normalmente é feito através de relatórios ou em atividades gerenciais e operacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é construir um classificador que automaticamente descubra o estágio do ciclo de vida de um projeto com base em um conjunto de características que o descrevem. Mineração de Dados foi utilizada para encontrar esse classificador. Análises com o classificador sugerem que ele também pode ser utilizado para identificar problemas nos dados ou mesmo falhas em processos.
Analysing Variability Management in BPM and SPL: A Knowledge Mapping
Authors: Valença George , Alves Carina , Alves Vander
Published: October 2021

New government regulations, business volatility and changes on stakeholders needs are examples of process change inductors. This dynamic scenario promotes a phenomenon called business process variability. This is an emergent topic in Business Process Management (BPM) that uses Software Product Line (SPL) theoretical basis to investigate the variability of process models. This paper explores the adoption of variability concepts and theories by the BPM community, with a mapping to analyse how the variability body of knowledge has been used from SPL to the BPM field. In addition, we position current research challenges within business process variability, and discuss how concepts and theories from SPL could be used to treat these questions.
Advanced Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Silvia Valente Barbas Carmen , Nogueira Nemer Sergio
Published: October 2021

Advanced modes of mechanical ventilation emerged from the need for better control of the ventilator by the patient, the possibility of respiratory mechanics and respiratory drive monitoring in assisted modes and a better patient-ventilator synchrony. Volume-assured pressure support ventilation (VAPSV) has the advantage of the variable of flow pressure support ventilation (PSV) assuring tidal volume in each respiratory cycle. Proportional assist ventilation plus (PAV+) delivers assistance in proportion of inspiratory efforts while monitoring work of breathing, respiratory compliance, resistance and auto-PEEP, improving patient-ventilator asynchrony. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist ventilation (NAVA) provides diaphragmatic electroactivity information and a better inspiratory and expiratory patient-ventilator synchrony. Adaptative support ventilation (ASV) assures a pre-set minute ventilation adjusting Pressure Support according to respiratory rate. Intellivent-ASV adds SpO2 and PETCO2 monitoring to adjust minute ventilation and PEEP/FIO2 according to lung pathology. Smart-Care ventilation provides an algorithm that decreases PSV according to patients tidal volume, respiratory rate and ETCO2 according to lung pathology and performs a spontaneous breathing trial indicating the redness for extubation. Clinical indications of advanced modes are to improve patient-ventilator synchrony and provide better respiratory monitoring in the assisted modes of mechanical ventilation.
Patient Safety: Preventing Patient Harm and Building Capacity for Patient Safety
Authors: Domer Gregory , M. Gallagher Thomas , Shahabzada Shekiba , Sotherland Juliana , N. Paul Elisabeth , Kumar Kushee-Nidhi , Wilson Bryan , Salpekar Shilpa , Kaur Parampreet
Published: October 2021

Patient safety is a global public health concern. It is a health care discipline with ever evolving advancement and complexity resulting in consequential rise in patient harm. Since the pandemic, patient safety has been threatened even more by laying bare the inadequacies of health systems. Many unsafe care practices, risks, and errors contribute to patient harm and overall economic burden. These include medical, diagnostic, and radiation errors, healthcare associated infections, unsafe surgical procedures and transfusion practices, sepsis, venous thromboembolism, and falls. Although patient safety has become an integral part of the healthcare delivery model and resources have been dedicated towards it, much still needs to be achieved. An attitude of inclusivity for all care teams and anyone in contact with the patient, including the patients themselves, would enhance patient safety. Incorporating this attitude from educational infancy will allow for better identification of medical errors and inculcate critical analysis of process improvement. Implementing the ‘Just Culture’ by health care organizations can build the infrastructure to eliminate avoidable harm. To reduce avoidable harm and improve safety, a constant flow of information and knowledge should be available to mitigate the risks. Lastly, proper communication and effective leadership can play an imperative role to engage stakeholders and reduce harm.
Graphene Nanopores
Authors: A. Löthman Per
Published: October 2021

Graphene is a two-dimensional, atomic thin, usually impermeable nanomaterial with astonishing electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties and can therefore at its own right be found in applications as sensors, energy storage or reinforcement in composite materials. By introducing nanoscale pores graphene alter and extend its properties beyond permeability. Graphene then resembles a nanoporous sensor, a nanoporous, atomic thin membrane which opens up for such varied applications such as water purification, industrial waste water treatment, mineral recovery, analytical chemistry separation, molecular size exclusion and supramolecular separations. Due to its nanoscopic size it can serve as nanofilters for ion separation even at ultralow nano- or picomolar concentrations. It is an obvious choice for DNA translocation, reading of the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, and other single molecular analyses as well for biomedical nanoscopic devices since dimensions of conventional membranes does not suffice in those applications. Even though graphene nanopores are known to be unstable against filling by carbon adatoms they can be stabilized by dangling bond bridging via impurity or foreign atoms resulting in a robust nanoporous material. Finally, graphene’s already exceptional electronic properties, its charge carriers exhibit an unusual high mobility and ballistic transport even at 300 K, can be made even more favorable by the presence of nanopores; the semimetallic graphene turns into a semiconductor. In the pores, semiconductor bands with an energy gap of one electron volt coexist with localized states. This may enable applications such as nanoscopic transistors.
Bandits, bondsmen, and leviathans: Ethnic groups contesting local security after conflict in the Western Balkans
Authors: Jackson Christopher
Published: October 2021

This study analyzes how processes of contesting ethnically-distinct locales after conflict affects stability and violence after institutional settlements. Local institutions that develop during conflict present an obstacle to states reestablishing a monopoly on force and these locales become sites of continued contestation. Where states attempt to crowd local institutions and elites out of post-conflict policing, they have incentives to use violence against the state and police to upset the status quo. Where local institutions are integrated into state institutions, local elites have the incentive to maintain order and prevent violence to avoid crowding out or inviting police operations by interveners. In this study, I combine rationalist modeling to generate expectations for local elites' behavior with three illustrative case studies from the Western Balkans: Kosovo, Macedonia, and southern Serbia.
Influence of partial replacement of fish meal and fish oil with vegetable products on the growth and muscle cellularity of juvenile shi drum, Umbrina cirrosa
Authors: Ayala María D , Erades David , Villafranca Sara , Arizcun Marta
Published: October 2021

Seven-month-old shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) specimens (mean weight 18.98 g, mean length 11.80 cm) were classified into 2 groups, a control group (C) fed a standard diet and a vegetal group (V) fed a diet with partial replacement of fish meal and fish oil by vegetable products. The body and muscle parameters were studied on days 0, 27, and 62 of the experiment. On day 27, body length was similar in both groups, but body weight was significantly lower in group V than in group C. The transverse area of the white muscle was also significantly lower in V than in C. Hypertrophy was higher in C than in V, whereas hyperplasia was higher in V than in C. On day 62, the body parameters showed similar results to those found on day 27. Muscle cellularity was different from that found on day 27, since hypertrophy was higher in V than in C and hyperplasia was higher in C than in V. The feed conversion rate and specific growth rate were similar in both groups, but the daily intake rate was lower in V than in C. Therefore, it seems that the percentage of vegetables in the vegetal feed was excessively high and this caused less acceptance by the fish. The hepatosomatic, viscerosomatic, and intestinal length indices were similar in both groups. Survival was nearly 100% in both groups.
Large‐Scale Syntheses of 2D Materials: Flash Joule Heating and Other Methods
Authors: Wyss Kevin M. , Luong Duy Xuan , Tour James M.
Published: October 2021

In the past 17 years, the larger‐scale production of graphene and graphene family materials has proven difficult and costly, thus slowing wider‐scale commercial applications. The quality of the graphene that is prepared on larger scales has often been poor, demonstrating a need for improved quality controls. Here, current industrial graphene synthetic and analytical methods, as well as recent academic advancements in larger‐scale or sustainable synthesis of graphene, defined here as weights more than 200 mg or films larger than 200 cm2, are compiled and reviewed. There is a specific emphasis on recent research in the use of flash Joule heating as a rapid, efficient, and scalable method to produce graphene and other 2D nanomaterials. Reactor design, synthetic strategies, safety considerations, feedstock selection, Raman spectroscopy, and future outlooks for flash Joule heating syntheses are presented. To conclude, the remaining challenges and opportunities in the larger‐scale synthesis of graphene and a perspective on the broader use of flash Joule heating for larger‐scale 2D materials synthesis are discussed.
Ultra‐Stable and Robust Response to X‐Rays in 2D Layered Perovskite Micro‐Crystalline Films Directly Deposited on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Lédée Ferdinand , Ciavatti Andrea , Verdi Matteo , Basiricò Laura , Fraboni Beatrice
Published: October 2021

2D layered hybrid perovskites have recently attracted an increasing interest as active layers in LEDs and UV–Vis photodetectors. 2D perovskites crystallize in a natural self‐assembled quantum well‐like structure and possess several interesting features among which low‐temperature (<100 °C) synthesis and low defect density. Here are presented solid‐state ionizing radiation direct detectors based on the 2D layered hybrid perovskite PEA2PbBr4 (PEA = C6H5C2H4NH3+) deposited from solution using scalable techniques and directly integrated onto a pre‐patterned flexible substrate in the form of micro‐crystalline films displaying crystal‐like behavior, as evidenced by the ultra‐fast (sub‐microsecond) and good detection performances under UV light. The effective detection of X‐rays (up to 150 kVp) is demonstrated with sensitivity values up to 806 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and Limit of Detection of 42 nGy s−1, thus combining the excellent performance for two relevant figures of merit for solid‐state detectors. Additionally, the tested devices exhibit exceptionally stable response under constant irradiation and bias, assessing the material robustness and the intimate electrical contact with the electrodes. PEA2PbBr4 micro‐crystalline films directly grown on flexible pre‐patterned substrate open the way for large‐area solid‐state detectors working at low radiation flux for ultra‐fast X‐ray imaging and dosimetry.
0D Perovskites: Unique Properties, Synthesis, and Their Applications
Authors: Sun Siqi , Lu Min , Gao Xupeng , Shi Zhifeng , Bai Xue , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2021

0D perovskites have gained much attention in recent years due to their fascinating properties derived from their peculiar structure with isolated metal halide octahedra or metal halide clusters. However, the systematic discussion on the crystal and electronic structure of 0D perovskites to further understand their photophysical characteristics and the comprehensive overview of 0D perovskites for their further applications are still lacking. In this review, the unique crystal and electronic structure of 0D perovskites and their diverse properties are comprehensively analyzed, including large bandgaps, high exciton binding energy, and largely Stokes‐shifted broadband emissions from self‐trapped excitons. Furthermore, the photoluminescence regulation are discussed. Then, the various synthetic methods for 0D perovskite single crystals, nanocrystals, and thin films are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the emerging applications of 0D perovskites to light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, detectors, and some others are illustrated, and the outlook on future research in the field is also provided.
Long‐term reduced tillage and no‐till cropping systems affect crop yields and economics
Authors: Belknap Renee A. , Nelson Kelly A.
Published: October 2021

There has been increased implementation of conservation practices on highly erodible Missouri soils. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of long‐term no‐till and reduced tillage cropping systems on yields and economics of production systems. Research was initiated in 1994 near Novelty, MO. Treatments included a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation with three tillage/cropping systems: (1) no‐till corn–soybean–wheat with double‐crop soybean (NT DCS), (2) no‐till corn–soybean–wheat with frost‐seeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cover crop (NT FSC), and (3) reduced‐till corn–soybean–wheat (RT). Each crop and cropping system was represented each year in large plots (9.1 by 90 m). Significant differences in corn yields occurred in 1995–1996, 2000, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 with the highest‐yielding treatments being five RT, one NT DCS, and one RT = NT DCS. Significant differences in soybean yield occurred in 3 yr with the highest‐yielding cropping system being NT DCS twice and RT once. Significant differences in wheat yield occurred in 4 yr with RT yielding the highest each time. Input costs were greatest in RT and NT DCS, while net income was greatest in NT DCS, which produces four cash crops in 3 yr. Highest net returns occurred in NT DCS, which was US$135 and 145 ha–1 greater than NT FSC and RT, respectively. The productivity and economics of systems need to be balanced with ecosystem benefits of NT. In this corn–soybean–wheat rotation, hybrid cropping systems including RT corn and wheat, followed by NT DCS, and NT soybean is recommended.
Tannic acid based bio‐based epoxy thermosets: Evaluation of thermal, mechanical, and biodegradable behaviors
Authors: Borah Nobomi , Karak Niranjan
Published: October 2021

This scientific paper emphasizes the synthesis of a bio‐based tannic acid epoxy (TAE100) with high bio‐content obtained by simple surface modification of tannic acid (TA). The resin was further cured with a biobased hardener poly(amido amine). Three contrast epoxy resins were also prepared with 50%, 75%, and 90% TA along with the rest amount of bisphenol A (BPA). Upon investigating mechanical properties, TAE100 exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 18.4 MPa (against 3.1–15.3 MPa for partially bio‐based ones) with 16% of elongation at break (against 39.1%–63.5% for partially bio‐based ones). The high adhesive strength (4545 MPa) obtained for TAE100 (compared to 881–2715 MPa for partially biobased ones) on wood‐wood surfaces reflecting good adhesive character of the bio‐based epoxy and offered potential applicability in the field of eco‐coatings and adhesives. Two‐stage thermal degradation behavior with initial decomposition temperature of 232°C revealed its good thermostability. Most importantly, the thermosets were biodegradable, as indicated by the microbial test.
Structure‐based engineering of an antiangiogenic scFv antibody for soluble production in E. coli without loss of activity
Authors: Denizci Öncü Melis , Balcıoğlu Bertan Koray , Özgür Beytullah , Öztürk Hasan Ümit , Serhatlı Müge , Işık Şeyma , Erdağ Berrin , Dinler Doğanay Gizem , Özdemir Bahadır Aylin
Published: October 2021

Development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) protein, which is the main regulator in angiogenesis, has been a major challenge for years. In the current study, we engineer an inclusion body forming single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) against VEGFR‐2 by using complementarity determining regions (CDR) grafting technique to improve its solubility and investigate the activity of the engineered molecule. CDR sequences of the target scFv were grafted into the framework of another intrinsically soluble scFv molecule. Based on the computational results, CDR grafting has increased the solubility of the grafted scFv molecule. Results confirmed that the grafting approach increased in vivo folding properties of the target scFv molecule compared with the original scFv molecule. Similar binding affinities to the VEGFR‐2 were observed for the original and the grafted scFv by surface plasmon resonance assays. Biological activity assays, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation and wound healing assays, showed that grafted scFv molecule has an antiangiogenic property. This study suggests that an antiangiogenic scFv fully expressed as an inclusion body can be rescued by grafting its CDR regions to a scFv expressed in a soluble form without any loss in its binding property and its activity.
Cytologic features of small cell melanoma
Authors: Satturwar Swati , Pantanowitz Liron , Patel Rajiv M. , Cantley Richard
Published: October 2021

Small cell melanoma (SCM) is an aggressive variant of malignant melanoma (MM), which has been rarely described in the cytology literature. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and cytologic features of a series of cases of metastatic SCM with discussion of the differential diagnosis of metastatic SCM diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). A retrospective review of cases was performed, identifying two FNA cases and one core biopsy with touch preparation of metastatic SCM. Clinical presentation, cytomorphology features, ancillary tests, and final diagnoses were documented and analyzed. Patients ranged in age from 69 to 85 years‐old. Cytomorphologic features included the presence of a monomorphic population of dispersed small round blue cells, with scant cytoplasm, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios, dense nuclear chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Acinar like arrangement (n = 2) and nuclear molding (n = 1) were also present. All cases showed diffuse positivity for the melanocytic markers SOX10 and Melan A by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression of neuroendocrine markers was variable. Diagnosing metastatic SCM at unusual anatomic sites by FNA cytology is a challenging task, especially in patients without known prior history of melanoma. Cytomorphology of SCM is unique, differing from conventional MM in many aspects, including the presence of acinar formations and a lack of typical melanoma features, such as large cells, intracytoplasmic melanin, and macronucleoli. IHC is critical for establishing the diagnosis of SCM.
Patos Lagoon, Brazil, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) data compendium
Authors: Távora Juliana , Leão Fernandes Elisa Helena , Möller Osmar Olinto
Published: October 2021

Patos Lagoon is the largest choked coastal lagoon in the world (250 km long, 40 km wide and mean depth of 5 m), with banks formed by sand and predominantly muddy bottom. The circulation is mainly driven by wind and river flow, with a minor contribution of the local microtidal regime. This lagoon is one of the most studied coastal water bodies in Brazil. The Patos Lagoon suspended particulate matter (SPM) data compendium consists of over four decades (1978–2019) of SPM data gathered from multiple research and monitoring projects. Data consist of SPM in situ samplings, remote sensing derived SPM estimates, rating curve approach for SPM estimates and SPM derived from turbidity measurements. Only measurements with a detailed description of the sampling and analysis protocols were used. The present data set offers valuable contributions as it allows the assessment of trends on the data and the short‐ and long‐term spatial and temporal variability of SPM concentrations in an area where permanent monitoring stations are not available. From these records, the SPM concentrations ranged from 0.4 g/m3 up to 1,000 g/m3. The Patos Lagoon SPM Compendium has been made publicly available at Tavora, Fernandes and Möller (2020).
Newtonian and non‐Newtonian nanofluids with entropy generation in conjugate natural convection of hybrid nanofluid‐porous enclosures: A review
Authors: Al‐Chlaihawi Kadhim K. , Alaydamee Hussein H. , Faisal Ahmed E. , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Alomari Mohammed A.
Published: October 2021

The current study summarizes previous studies carried out on heat convection, fluid flow, and entropy generation of porous enclosures filled with hybrid/nanofluid. Newtonian and non‐Newtonian base fluids and the magnetohydrodynamics effects are considered. Natural convective heat transmission is one of the most common types of heat transfer due to its wide engineering applications like solar collectors, electronic equipment, cooling systems, nuclear reactors, and geothermal engineering. By offering a large surface area per unit volume and the disorderly movement of fluids passing through the relevant pores, in several applications, a porous media can increase convective heat transmission. Moreover, the problem related to the low thermal conductivity of conventional fluids can be addressed by introducing nanoparticles known as nanofluids. To increase the performance of thermal equipment, combining nanofluids with porous materials can be very advantageous. The impact of different governing parameters and the numerical methods used to solve the differential equations are also summarized.