bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research output, intellectual structures and contributors of digital humanities research: a longitudinal analysis 2005–2020
Authors: Su Fangli , Zhang Yin
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to update and extend previous efforts gauging the status of the quickly evolving field of digital humanities (DH). Based on a sample of directly relevant DH literature during 2005–2020 from Web of Science, the study conducts a longitudinal examination of the research output, intellectual structures and contributors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applies bibliometric methods, social network analysis and visualization tools to conduct a longitudinal examination.

Findings

The research output and scope of DH topics has grown over time with a widening and deepening field in four major development stages. Through both term frequency and term co-occurrence relationship networks, this study further identifies four major reoccurring topics and themes of DH research: (1) collections and contents; (2) technologies, techniques, theories and methods; (3) collaboration, interdisciplinarity and support and (4) DH evolution. Finally, leading DH research contributors (authors, institutions and nations) are also identified.

Originality/value

This study utilizes a greater number of and richer subject sources than previous efforts to identify the overall intellectual structures of DH research based on key terms from titles, abstracts and author keywords. It expands on previous efforts and furthers our understanding of DH research with more recent DH literature and richer subject sources from the literature.
Grounded accountability in life-and-death high-consequence healthcare settings
Authors: Flynn Maureen Alice , Brennan Niamh M.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The paper examines interviewee insights into accountability for clinical governance in high-consequence, life-and-death hospital settings. The analysis draws on the distinction between formal “imposed accountability” and front-line “felt accountability”. From these insights, the paper introduces an emergent concept, “grounded accountability”.

Design/methodology/approach

Interviews are conducted with 41 clinicians, managers and governors in two large academic hospitals. The authors ask interviewees to recall a critical clinical incident as a focus for elucidating their experiences of and observation on the practice of accountability.

Findings

Accountability emerges from the front-line, on-the-ground. Together, clinicians, managers and governors co-construct accountability. Less attention is paid to cost, blame, legal processes or personal reputation. Money and other accountability assumptions in business do not always apply in a hospital setting.

Originality/value

The authors propose the concept of co-constructed “grounded accountability” comprising interrelationships between the concept’s three constituent themes of front-line staff’s felt accountability, along with grounded engagement by managers/governors, supported by a culture of openness.
A dependency-based machine learning approach to the identification of research topics: a case in COVID-19 studies
Authors: Zhu Haoran , Lei Lei
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Previous research concerning automatic extraction of research topics mostly used rule-based or topic modeling methods, which were challenged due to the limited rules, the interpretability issue and the heavy dependence on human judgment. This study aims to address these issues with the proposal of a new method that integrates machine learning models with linguistic features for the identification of research topics.

Design/methodology/approach

First, dependency relations were used to extract noun phrases from research article texts. Second, the extracted noun phrases were classified into topics and non-topics via machine learning models and linguistic and bibliometric features. Lastly, a trend analysis was performed to identify hot research topics, i.e. topics with increasing popularity.

Findings

The new method was experimented on a large dataset of COVID-19 research articles and achieved satisfactory results in terms of f-measures, accuracy and AUC values. Hot topics of COVID-19 research were also detected based on the classification results.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that information retrieval methods can help researchers gain a better understanding of the latest trends in both COVID-19 and other research areas. The findings are significant to both researchers and policymakers.
IoT as societal transformer: improving citizens' continuous usage intention in digital society through perceived public value
Authors: Chohan Sohail Raza , Hu Guangwei , Khan Asad Ullah , Pasha Ahmed Tisman , Saleem Fizzah , Sheikh Muhammad Atif
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The public sector use of the internet of Things (IoT) technology is an emerging field with a potential for a variety of institutional applications in the fields of information gathering and policy implementation to establish resilience for modern society. In this context, we aim to investigate the success factors which can positively influence the continuous usage intention of IoT service with the mediation effect of perceived public value.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model based on the strong literature and theoretical background is tailored to provide factors for IoT services success in the public sector. A quantitative survey was conducted through 381 citizens using IoT services to validate the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling approach in order to examine the influence of identified constructs on the continuous usage intention.

Findings

The results highlighted that the proposed model successfully accounted for about 59% perceived variance in public value creation and 63% perceived variance in citizens' continuous usage intention. IoT services success is best dignified by the perceptions of citizens who use the services, therefore, this study identifies the positive role of digital society affinity in context of social sustainability and it climaxes that the real value of IoT in public sector comes from establishment of services on top of the service delivery and that's where the public value is going to be created.

Practical implications

The use of IoT technology in public services will fetch much benefit to the citizens as well as to the government. The study findings are significant in identifying good practices for generating public value in digital society affinity.

Originality/value

The integrated conceptual model explores the driving factors of citizens' inclination towards IoT technology in a social context. Through this study, we can analyze the role of perceived public value in enhancing the citizens' engagement with IoT services. The government policymakers and ICT managers take help from this study to designing IoT public services with making the government more responsive to citizens.
Acquiring firms' earnings management in stock-for-stock mergers within Korean business groups
Authors: Kim Kyung Soon , Lee Jin Hwon , Park Yun W.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study examines acquirers' earnings management in intragroup mergers to investigate whether stock-for-stock mergers between affiliated firms within the same family-controlled business group facilitate the controlling shareholder's rent seeking. Specifically, it investigates the acquiring firm's incentive to inflate premerger-announcement earnings in intragroup mergers given the controlling shareholder's relative equity holdings in the target and acquiring firms. The authors also examine how creditor monitoring affects premerger-announcement earnings in intragroup mergers compared to mergers between independent firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Using univariate analysis, panel regression based on accruals and cross-sectional regression based on discretionary accruals, the authors compare earnings management in mergers between affiliated firms with that in mergers between independent firms in the context of Korean business groups. The authors also compare the effects of creditors on earnings management in both cases.

Findings

Acquirers' premerger-announcement positive abnormal accruals are less evident in mergers between affiliated firms than in mergers between independent firms. These accruals decrease with high financial leverage only in the latter case, suggesting that creditor monitoring mitigates earnings management only in independent firm mergers.

Originality/value

The authors examine intragroup mergers, unlike previous studies, which focus on unaffiliated firm mergers. They also contribute to the literature on stock-for-stock mergers, showing that lender monitoring can mitigate the acquiring firm's premerger earnings management in unaffiliated firm mergers but not in intragroup mergers. These findings suggest that stock-for-stock mergers between affiliated firms may facilitate the controlling shareholders' rent seeking, which has policy implications for emerging markets with large family-controlled business groups.
An evaluation of the Stratford multiagency, multidisciplinary, assessment clinic
Authors: Cooper Catherine , Liu Hannah , Rowland Tobias , Prajapati Riddhi , Hurlock Tayla , Owen Andy
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to assess a novel clinic whereby new patients were discussed in a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary panel and given feedback on the same day. The objectives were to determine the impacts on time to commencing treatment, need for further assessment, discharges and staff and patient experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

Outcomes from the new assessment clinic were compared to previous individual assessments. Feedback questionnaires were given to patients, while a focus group was conducted with staff.

Findings

There was a significant reduction in the time to agreeing a treatment plan (34 days to <1 day), the need for further assessment (61%–23.2%) and a significant increase in the proportion discharged from secondary care (26.9%–49.8%). Clinician and patient feedback on the clinic was positive.

Practical implications

The model of a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary clinic could be used for assessing new referrals to community mental health teams.

Originality/value

The use of a multi-agency, multi-disciplinary clinic is a novel approach within community mental health teams which led to improvements in efficiency, while demonstrating positive patient and clinician feedback.
Bibi and Mr. Prime Minister: do different Facebook identities imply different messages for political leaders?
Authors: Yavetz Gal
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Social media has been widely adopted by politicians and political parties during elections and routine times and has been discussed before. However, research in the field has so far not addressed how a political leader's private or official social media account affects their message, language and style. The current study examined how Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu uses his private Facebook account, compared to his use of his official Facebook page “Prime Minister of Israel.”

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the author identified the differences between these two digital entities using in-depth content analysis based on all posts (N = 1,484) published on the two pages over a 12-month period between 2018 and 2019.

Findings

The study’s findings indicate that Netanyahu regularly uses his personal page to address topics that are not represented on his official page, such as mentioning and attacking political rivals, presenting political agenda, and criticizing Israeli journalists and media organizations. Netanyahu's private Facebook account is also used to comment on personal events such as the criminal indictments he is facing and family affairs.

Originality/value

The findings highlight the need to investigate the different identities that politicians maintain on social media when they use personal or official accounts, sometimes on the same platform. The medium matters, yet the author also discovered that a leader's choice of account and its title are also important.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-01-2021-0004.
Effects of the 3DP process parameters on mechanical properties of polylactic acid part used for medical purposes
Authors: Chaitat Sunthorn , Chantarapanich Nattapon , Wanchat Sujin
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate effect of infill density, fabricated built orientation and dose of gamma radiation to mechanical tensile and compressive properties of polylactic acid (PLA) part fabricated by fused deposit modelling (FDM) technique for medical applications.

Design/methodology/approach

PLA specimens for tensile and compressive tests were fabricated using FDM machine. The specimens geometry and test method were referred to ASTM D638 and ASTM D695, respectively. Three orientations under consideration were flat, edge and upright, whereas the infill density ranged from 0 to 100%. The gamma radiation dose used to expose to specimens was 25 kGy. The collected data included stress and strain, which was used to find mechanical properties, i.e. yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), fracture strength, elongation at yield, elongation at UTS and elongation at break. The t-test was used to access the difference in mechanical properties.

Findings

Compressive mechanical properties is greater than tensile mechanical properties. Increasing number of layer parallel to loading direction and infill density, it enhances the material property. Upright presents the lowest mechanical property in tensile test, but greatest in compressive test. Upright orientation should not be used for part subjecting to tensile load. FDM is more proper for part subjecting to compressive load. FDM part requires undergoing gamma ray for sterilisation, the infill density no less than 70 and 60% should be selected for part subjecting to tensile and compressive load, respectively.

Originality/value

This study investigated all mechanical properties in both tension and compression as well as exposure to gamma radiation. The results can be applied in selection of FDM parameters for medical device manufacturing.
An empirical investigation into intelligent cost analysis in purchasing
Authors: Bodendorf Frank , Lutz Manuel , Michelberger Stefan , Franke Joerg
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Cost transparency is of central importance to reach a consensus between supply chain partners. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the instrument of cost analysis which supports the link between buyers and suppliers.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a detailed literature review in the area of cost analysis and purchasing, intelligent decision support systems for cost estimation are identified. Subsequently, expert interviews are conducted to determine the application possibilities for managers. The application potential is derived from the synthesis of motivation, identified applications and challenges in the industry. Management recommendations are to be derived by bringing together scientific and practical approaches in the industry.

Findings

On the one hand, the results of this study show that machine learning (ML) is a complex technology that poses many challenges for cost and purchasing managers. On the other hand, ML methods, especially in combination with expert knowledge and other analytical methods, offer immense added value for cost analysis in purchasing.

Originality/value

Digital transformation allows to facilitate the cost calculation process in purchasing decisions. In this context, the application of ML approaches has gained increased attention. While such approaches can lead to high cost reductions on the side of both suppliers and buyers, an intelligent cost analysis is very demanding.
Triage as an infrastructure of care: The intimate work of redistributing medical care in nursing homes
Authors: van Pijkeren Nienke , Wallenburg Iris , Bal Roland
Published: August 2021

This article explores how professionals in older persons care work on a triage system in the daily care setting. We follow how triage is introduced in older persons care organizations in The Netherlands, to deal with a scarcity of physicians and distribute care among health workers in the region. We offer a sociological analysis in which we use the notion of infrastructure and infrastructural work to study how professionals work with triage in the daily care setting. This study is based on a formative evaluation in which we as researchers both studied and contributed to the construction of the triage system by sharing and participating in reflexive infrastructural work practices. We show how this method enabled to gradually adjust the triage system to the daily practices of care delivery, taking the spatial‐temporal setting of care into account. We argue that triage not only structures and simplifies but also opens up new ways of re‐placing medical and care work, both professionally and geographically. As our results reveal, re‐placing physicians has complex effects above and beyond the efficient deployment of medical staff. Triage as infrastructure not only changes the location, but also reconfigures the relationships physicians have with residents and nurse aids.
Acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) leading to respiratory compromise and death
Authors: Dewey John , Prahlow Joseph A.
Published: August 2021

Here, we present an unusual case of acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (ACPO), also known as Ogilvie syndrome, which resulted in respiratory failure and sudden death. The patient was a 19‐year‐old man with a history of cerebral palsy (CP) and severe autism who experienced marked abdominal distension that progressed over several days in his skilled nursing facility. He developed shortness of breath and episodic diarrhea, before having an unwitnessed cardiac arrest and subsequently expiring after prehospital and emergency department care. Autopsy revealed developmental deformities consistent with CP, rectal prolapse, and significant abdominal distension. Postmortem radiography showed diffuse bowel distension with bilateral upward displacement of the diaphragm and consequent lung compression. Thorough examination of the gastrointestinal tract failed to reveal any perforation or obstruction. The cause of death was determined to be respiratory compromise secondary to diaphragmatic compression as a result of ACPO, a condition defined as colonic distension without a mechanical explanation for obstruction. This case highlights the challenges that ACPO can pose to a forensic pathologist at autopsy, and serves as a teaching point to clinicians on the warning signs and treatment measures for ACPO.
Lipoxygenase ‐ trypsin inhibitor activity axis induction in the host plants of muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer by feeding
Authors: Mech A. , Choudhury K.K. , Bora DS
Published: August 2021

The muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer bears great economic importance, producing golden yellow muga silk which is in global demand for both the textile and biomedical industries. The insect's larval stages are maintained in the field by farmers on its primary host plant Persea bombycina Kost in Assam located in the North‐East part (25.57 ° N, 93.25 ° E) of India. If continuous feeding by A. assamensis is inducing any direct defense in P. bombycina, the aspect is not yet questioned. We used the activity of lipoxygenases (LOX) and trypsin inhibitors as markers for determining defense responses in P. bombycina and Litsea monopetala Roxb, the two primary host plants of the silkworm due to insect feeding. The induction of anti‐herbivore trypsin inhibitor by insect feeding was examined by studying their effect on the midgut trypsin activity of A. assamensis larvae. This is the first report showing that the LOX‐ trypsin inhibitor axis is differentially activated in the two host plants and greater induction of the defense response is exhibited in P. bombycina, the most commercially used host plant in muga silkworm rearing.
Provenance of the Early–Middle Devonian Shugouzi Formation in the Quruqtagh, Northeastern Xinjiang: Constraints from Sandstone Geochemistry and Heavy Mineral Analysis
Authors: ZHANG Yingli , WANG Zongqi , WANG Tao
Published: August 2021

The Early–Middle Devonian Shugouzi Formation in the Quruqtagh block consists mainly of clastic rocks. However, their provenance has been scarcely studied since it was named. Geochemistry of clastic rocks was commonly used to interpret the provenance. Detrital heavy mineral analyses help frame the U‐Pb age from zircon grains, integrated with geochemical data from detrital tourmaline and spinels. These techniques were used to characterize components of the sediment flux and define erosion areas in the Qurugtagh block, further providing evidence about the tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan and Tarim plate. The maximum depositional age constrained by detrital zircon dating was Early–Middle Devonian. Multiple diagrams for sedimentary provenance using major and trace elements indicate that continental island arc‐related felsic rocks were the major source rocks for the Shugouzi Formation. Detrital tourmalines are dravite and schorl. The results of detrital tourmaline electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) show that the source rocks are mainly metasedimentary rocks and granitoids. The detrital chromian spinels within the sediments are characterized by high chroumium (Cr#) and varying magnesium (Mg#). The discrimination plots reveal that these spinels were sourced from island arc magmatic rocks. The laser ablation inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb chronology of detrital zircons suggests that the sediments were derived mainly from 414–491 Ma and 744–996 Ma magmatic rocks. Paleocurrent restoration, sandstone geochemistry, EPMA, and detrital zircon geochronology indicate that the source rocks were predominantly derived from Late Ordovician and Devonian magmatic rocks and subordinately from recycled Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks. Comprehensive analyses of the source areas suggest that a remnant arc still existed in the Early Devonian and the Shugouzi Formation was deposited in a passive continental margin.
The Formation and Evolution of Uvarovite in UHP Serpentinite and Rodingite and its Constraints on Chromium Mobility in the Oceanic Subduction Zone
Authors: ZHANG Cong , SHEN Tingting , ZHANG Lifei , LIN Congcong , ZHANG Zhongwei , Qin Xueqing , HU Han , QIU Tian , XIANG Zhenqun , ZHANG Jianxin
Published: August 2021

The uvarovite‐andradite and uvarovite‐andradite‐grossular solid‐solution series are rare in nature. The discovery of uvarovite‐andradite in serpentinite and rodingite from the ultra‐high pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt in southwestern Tianshan provided an opportunity to investigate its behavior in the subduction zone. Uvarovite (defined as chromium‐garnet) from serpentinite is homogeneous in a single grain, covering compositions in the uvarovite‐andradite solid solution series of Adr58–66Uv33–41, with few grossular components. Uvarovite from rodingites contain various Cr2O3 contents (1.7–17.9 wt%) and mineral compositions being in the range of Adr21–31Uv41–50Grs22–37, Adr52–90Uv5–25Grs0–21 and Adr19–67Uv3–63Grs13–42. Discontinuous chemical variation of uvarovite from core to rim indicates that uvarovite formed by consuming andradite and chromite, which could provide Ca, Cr, Al and Fe. Raman signals of water were identified for uvarovite from both serpentinite and rodingite, with high water content in uvarovite from serpentinite. The high pressure mineral assemblage, as well as the association with perovskite, indicated that the studied uvarovite from serpentinite and rodingite was formed through high pressure metamorphism, during the subduction zone serpentinization and rodingitization. High alkaline and highly reduced fluids released from serpentinization or rodingitization in the oceanic subduction zone promote the mobility of chromium and enable its long‐distance migration.
Antisense‐induced knockdown of cAMP response element‐binding protein downregulates Per1 gene expression in the shell region of nucleus accumbens resulting in reduced alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Mishra Vaibhav , Parikh Meet , Soni Anshul , Sahota Pradeep , Thakkar Mahesh
Published: August 2021

Introduction

We recently showed that circadian genes expressed in the shell region of nucleus accumbens (NAcSh) play a key role in alcohol consumption, though, the molecular mechanism of those effects is unclear. Because CREB‐binding protein (CBP) promotes Per1 gene expression, we hypothesized that alcohol consumption would increase CBP expression in the NAcSh and antisense‐induced knockdown of CBP would reduce Per1 expression and result in a reduction in alcohol consumption.

Methods

To test our hypothesis, we performed two experiments. The Drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) paradigm was used to evaluate alcohol consumption in male C57BL/6J mice. In Experiment 1 we examined the effects of alcohol consumption on CBP gene expression in the NAcSh. Control animals were exposed to, sucrose [10% (w/v) taste and calorie] and water (consummatory behavior). In Experiment 2 examined the effects of CBP gene silencing on the expression of the Per1 gene in the NAcSh and alcohol consumption in mice exposed to alcohol using the DID paradigm. CBP gene silencing was achieved by local infusion of two doses of either CBP antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODNs; Antisense group) or nonsense ODNs (NS‐ODNs; Nonsense group) bilaterally microinjected into the NAcSh within 24 h before alcohol consumption on Day 4 of the DID paradigm. The microinfusion sites were verified by cresyl violet staining.

Results

Compared to sucrose, alcohol consumption, under the DID paradigm, significantly increased the expression of CBP in the NAcSh. Compared to Controls, bilateral infusion of CBP AS‐ODNs significantly reduced the expression of Per1 in the NAcSh and alcohol consumption without affecting the amount of sucrose consumed.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that CBP is an upstream regulator of Per1 expression in the NAcSh and may act via Per1 to modulate alcohol consumption.
Payoffs to a half century of CGIAR research
Authors: Alston Julian M. , G. Pardey Philip , Rao Xudong
Published: August 2021

The CGIAR is a unique and highly successful institutional arrangement for funding and conducting multilateral agricultural R&D. Established in 1971, the CGIAR has spent about $60 billion in present value terms mainly on R&D for staple food crops to support the world's poor. In this study, we provide a quantitative assessment of the past payoffs to CGIAR research. We compiled a comprehensive set of all known studies reporting estimates of returns to CGIAR research and to public research undertaken by low‐ and middle‐income countries. We transformed these rate of return estimates into standardized benefit–cost ratios (BCRs), and we conducted a statistical meta‐analysis. As a robustness check, we also undertook two complementary assessments. These comprised a selective review of nine (“billion‐dollar”) studies reporting large‐scale benefits to CGIAR investments and an approximation approach based on an attribution of total factor productivity growth. The results are remarkably similar across the methods. All the evidence points to an overall BCR on the order of 10:1 across the portfolio for past CGIAR research investments.
A magnetic resonance imaging study in etiology of nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Tsili Athina C. , Sofikitis Nikolaos , Astrakas Loukas , Goussia Anna , Kaltsas Aris , Argyropoulou Maria I.
Published: August 2021

Background

Testicular magnetic resonance imaging parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized metabolite concentrations represent useful noninvasive fingerprints of nonobstructive azoospermia. Nonobstructive azoospermia etiology might correlate with the spermatogenesis status.

Objectives

To assess the possible association between apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalised metabolite concentrations with nonobstructive azoospermia etiology.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 48 consecutive men with nonobstructive azoospermia and 18 age‐matched controls. All participants underwent scrotal magnetic resonance imaging. The testicular apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized metabolite concentrations were calculated. nonobstructive azoospermia men were classified into three groups, based on etiology: group 1, idiopathic; group 2, genetic causes; and group 3, non‐genetic causes. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in magnetic resonance imaging parameters between nonobstructive azoospermia groups and normal testes (group 4). Regression analysis was performed to assess the most predictive magnetic resonance imaging factor of nonobstructive azoospermia etiology.

Results

Differences in mean apparent diffusion coefficient (p < .001), fractional anisotropy (p < .001), magnetization transfer ratio (p < .001), and normalized concentrations of total choline (p = .005), glucose (p = .012), myo‐inositol (p = .024), and lipids (p = .010) were observed among groups. Regression analysis failed to identify the most discriminating magnetic resonance imaging feature for nonobstructive azoospermia etiology.

Discussion and conclusion

Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, magnetization transfer ratio, and normalized concentrations of total choline, glucose, myo‐inositol, and lipids are helpful in discriminating nonobstructive azoospermia etiology. Magnetic resonance imaging may provide useful, noninvasive information on the microstructural and biochemical milieu of nonobstructive azoospermia testes.
Editorial: liver disease in secondary care—‘money or your life’. Authors' reply
Authors: Roberts Surain B. , Verma Amol A. , Hirschfield Gideon M.
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Roberts et al and Trivedi papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16488 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16540
Editorial: aspirin and NSAID for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma – ready for their use? Authors' reply
Authors: Danta Mark , Tan Regina Zi Hwei , Lockart Ian , Abdel Shaheed Christina
Published: August 2021

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tan et al and Da Fonseca & Forner papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16515 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16556
Collaborative versus individual problem solving in computational thinking through programming: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Xiaoyan , Wong Gary Ka‐wai
Published: August 2021

Computational thinking (CT), which is a cognitive skill used to solve problems with computational solutions, has drawn increasing attention among researchers and practitioners due to the growing recognition of CT competence as a 21st century skill. Collaboration is commonly integrated into CT education to facilitate novice learning, but there is inadequate knowledge regarding the influences of collaboration in CT education. This meta‐analysis examined the overall effects on the cognitive, social and affective competencies of collaborative versus individual problem solving in CT through programming. We identified 33 publications involving 4717 learners, which allowed for 220 effect size comparisons. We found a medium effect size (Hedges' g = 0.562; p < 0.001) in favour of collaborative problem solving on cognitive learning outcomes and a small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.316; p < 0.01) on affective learning outcomes using a random‐effects model. Categorical moderator analysis revealed the moderating effects of educational level, programming environment, study duration, grouping method and group size. The competency model that was generated from the synthesized literature on collaborative computational problem solving yielded insights into the learning design and assessment of relevant activities.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about the topic?

Although professional programming usually requires collaboration to accomplish common goals in the work environment, programming is predominantly taught on an individual basis in educational settings.

Some intervention studies have reported inconsistent learning outcomes (positive and negative) from integrating collaborative problem solving (CPS) into programming education.

There is a need for further scrutiny and exploration of the role of collaboration in the process of learning to program.

What does this paper add?

Our meta‐analysis showed that CPS is an effective pedagogical tool for developing students' cognitive, affective and social competencies.

The moderator analysis revealed that CPS in programming has cognitive benefits irrespective of grouping method, group size and educational levels; however, there is a need for caution in regard to designing collaborative problem‐solving activities for different programming environments and durations.

The model generated from the literature synthesis can yield insights into better assessing and designing collaborative problem‐solving activities.

Implications for practice and/or policy?

Integrating CPS into programming education can prepare students with 21st century skills.

Social and affective competencies are crucial to students' learning capacity, which is an issue that needs to be better assessed.

Future studies could look more rigorously into the effects of CPS in visual programming and robotics programming among younger age groups, such as primary or middle school students.
Bi‐allelic loss of function variants in GOLGA2 are associated with a complex neurological phenotype: Report of a second family
Authors: Kotecha Udhaya , Mistri Mehul , Shah Nidhi , Shah Parth S. , Gupta Vandana A.
Published: August 2021

GOGLA2/GM130 is a Golgin protein involved in vesicle tethering, cell proliferation and autophagy. Recessive loss of function mutation in GOLGA2 has been previously reported in a single family with muscular dystrophy and microcephaly. Here we describe a second consanguineous family with the bi‐allelic loss of function mutations in GOLGA2. The patient exhibits microcephaly, seizures, and myopathy similar to the previously reported patient with GOLGA2 mutation. This report supports the critical developmental requirement of GOLGA2 and emphasizes a similar and severe clinical presentation with loss of function mutations in affected patients.
Gauss Stylization: Interactive Artistic Mesh Modeling based on Preferred Surface Normals
Authors: Kohlbrenner M. , Finnendahl U. , Djuren T. , Alexa M.
Published: August 2021

Extending the ARAP energy with a term that depends on the face normal, energy minimization becomes an effective stylization tool for shapes represented as meshes. Our approach generalizes the possibilities of Cubic Stylization: the set of preferred normals can be chosen arbitrarily from the Gauss sphere, including semi‐discrete sets to model preference for cylinder‐ or cone‐like shapes. The optimization is designed to retain, similar to ARAP, the constant linear system in the global optimization. This leads to convergence behavior that enables interactive control over the parameters of the optimization. We provide various examples demonstrating the simplicity and versatility of the approach.
Globally Injective Geometry Optimization with Non‐Injective Steps
Authors: Overby Matthew , Kaufman Danny , Narain Rahul
Published: August 2021

We present a method to minimize distortion and compute globally injective mappings from non‐injective initialization Many approaches for distortion minimization subject to injectivity constraints require an injective initialization and feasible intermediate states. However, it is often the case that injective initializers are not readily available, and many distortion energies of interest have barrier terms that stall global progress. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has recently gained traction in graphics due to its efficiency and generality. In this work we explore how to endow ADMM with global injectivity while retaining the ability to traverse non‐injective iterates. We develop an iterated coupled‐solver approach that evolves two solution states in tandem. Our primary solver rapidly drives down energy to a nearly injective state using a dynamic set of efficiently enforceable inversion and overlap constraints. Then, a secondary solver corrects the state, herding the solution closer to feasibility. The resulting method not only compares well to previous work, but can also resolve overlap with free boundaries.
Progressive Discrete Domains for Implicit Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Tong , Alliez Pierre , Boubekeur Tamy , Busé Laurent , Jean‐Marc Thiery ∗
Published: August 2021

Many global implicit surface reconstruction algorithms formulate the problem as a volumetric energy minimization, trading data fitting for geometric regularization. As a result, the output surfaces may be located arbitrarily far away from the input samples. This is amplified when considering i) strong regularization terms, ii) sparsely distributed samples or iii) missing data. This breaks the strong assumption commonly used by popular octree‐based and triangulation‐based approaches that the output surface should be located near the input samples. As these approaches refine during a pre‐process, their cells near the input samples, the implicit solver deals with a domain discretization not fully adapted to the final isosurface. We relax this assumption and propose a progressive coarse‐to‐fine approach that jointly refines the implicit function and its representation domain, through iterating solver, optimization and refinement steps applied to a 3D Delaunay triangulation. There are several advantages to this approach: the discretized domain is adapted near the isosurface and optimized to improve both the solver conditioning and the quality of the output surface mesh contoured via marching tetrahedra.
Frame Field Operators
Authors: Palmer D. , Stein O. , Solomon J.
Published: August 2021

Differential operators are widely used in geometry processing for problem domains like spectral shape analysis, data interpolation, parametrization and mapping, and meshing. In addition to the ubiquitous cotangent Laplacian, anisotropic second‐order operators, as well as higher‐order operators such as the Bilaplacian, have been discretized for specialized applications. In this paper, we study a class of operators that generalizes the fourth‐order Bilaplacian to support anisotropic behavior. The anisotropy is parametrized by a symmetric frame field, first studied in connection with quadrilateral and hexahedral meshing, which allows for fine‐grained control of local directions of variation. We discretize these operators using a mixed finite element scheme, verify convergence of the discretization, study the behavior of the operator under pullback, and present potential applications.
Geodesic Distance Computation via Virtual Source Propagation
Authors: Trettner P. , Bommes D. , Kobbelt L.
Published: August 2021

We present a highly practical, efficient, and versatile approach for computing approximate geodesic distances. The method is designed to operate on triangle meshes and a set of point sources on the surface. We also show extensions for all kinds of geometric input including inconsistent triangle soups and point clouds, as well as other source types, such as lines. The algorithm is based on the propagation of virtual sources and hence easy to implement. We extensively evaluate our method on about 10000 meshes taken from the Thingi10k and the Tet Meshing in the Wild data sets. Our approach clearly outperforms previous approximate methods in terms of runtime efficiency and accuracy. Through careful implementation and cache optimization, we achieve runtimes comparable to other elementary mesh operations (e.g. smoothing, curvature estimation) such that geodesic distances become a “first‐class citizen” in the toolbox of geometric operations. Our method can be parallelized and we observe up to 6× speed‐up on the CPU and 20× on the GPU. We present a number of mesh processing tasks easily implemented on the basis of fast geodesic distances. The source code of our method is provided as a C++ library under the MIT license.
Fabrication‐Aware Reverse Engineering for Carpentry
Authors: Noeckel James , Zhao Haisen , Curless Brian , Schulz Adriana
Published: August 2021

We propose a novel method to generate fabrication blueprints from images of carpentered items. While 3D reconstruction from images is a well‐studied problem, typical approaches produce representations that are ill‐suited for computer‐aided design and fabrication applications. Our key insight is that fabrication processes define and constrain the design space for carpentered objects, and can be leveraged to develop novel reconstruction methods. Our method makes use of domain‐specific constraints to recover not just valid geometry, but a semantically valid assembly of parts, using a combination of image‐based and geometric optimization techniques. We demonstrate our method on a variety of wooden objects and furniture, and show that we can automatically obtain designs that are both easy to edit and accurate recreations of the ground truth. We further illustrate how our method can be used to fabricate a physical replica of the captured object as well as a customized version, which can be produced by directly editing the reconstructed model in CAD software.
Digital Creativity and Urban Entrapment in Kinshasa: Experiments in Solving Precarity
Authors: Pype Katrien
Published: August 2021

I attend to the dialectics between precarity, urban sociality, and digital technology (le numérique) in Kinshasa. Tech engineers, and those aspiring to become one, dream of solvent futures. They share a desire to leave various forms of precarity behind and attempt to produce new urban futures by means of tech skills and digital technologies. Especially the lack of trust in urban others is considered a problem solvable with mobile phone applications and other kinds of software. Kinois tech inventiveness draws on an interpretation of the city as a social space of entrapment. The proposed solutions consist of a strategy that I call “short‐cutting” of social relations, a method that involves replacing a human intermediary with amachine. Unfortunately, tech capitalism sets its own traps for Kinshasa’s tech engineers. The very particular forms of precarity from which theseingénieurswant to escape are perpetuated in the digital sphere; would‐be digital innovators remain trapped.
Antenatal counselling for prospective parents whose fetus has a neurological anomaly: part 1, experiences and recommendations for service design
Authors: Hart Anthony R , Vollmer Brigitte , Howe David , Boxall Sally , Foulds Nicola , de Lacy Patricia , Vasudevan Chakra , Griffiths Paul D , Piercy Hilary
Published: August 2021

Prospective parents whose fetus is diagnosed with a neurological anomaly go through a complex range of emotions. They describe their discussions of antenatal counselling from health care professionals as focusing too much on the nature of the anomaly involving unintelligible medical terminology, when what they really want is a picture of the best‐ and worst‐case scenarios. Whilst information on the level of risk for their fetus is important, it is not the parents’ primary concern. When statistics for risk are given, they may not be as well understood as the health care professionals think. This review discusses the published evidence on antenatal counselling and recommendations for explaining risk to parents of fetuses with neurological anomalies. From this data we make recommendations for the organization of antenatal counselling services.
What makes the “refugee crisis” a crisis? Displaced Syrians’ reflections on dignity
Authors: Pearlman Wendy
Published: August 2021

In discussions about the connection between migration and the Arab uprisings, perhaps no expression has been more commonplace than “refugee crisis.” Commentators have typically invoked this term to refer to Europe's struggle with large numbers of refugees and migrants reaching European borders since 2015. They sometimes also invoke it with reference to countries in the Middle East and North Africa, where the overwhelming majority of the region's forced migrants continue to reside in their countries of the first refuge. But what does “refugee crisis” mean for refugees themselves? I explore this question based on open‐ended interviews that I have conducted with more than 450 displaced Syrians across five continents since 2012. I discuss a major crisis that emerges repeatedly in those conversations, as it does across various mediums of Syrian self‐expression: the crisis of dignity. Weaving Syrians’ reflections on dignity together with my own analysis, this essay discourages analysts and policy‐makers from making assumptions about displaced people's concerns and priorities. Rather, I argue, they should listen when displaced people describe and analyze their own experiences, and then work to ensure that those experiences inform policy interventions and service provision.
Exploring the impact of diversity climate on individual work role performance: A novel approach
Authors: Cachat‐Rosset Gaëlle , Klarsfeld Alain , Carillo Kévin
Published: August 2021

While the positive diversity climate‐performance relationship has already been widely studied, still little is known about the mechanisms by which this relationship operates. Additionally, very few studies using the diversity climate concept were conducted in Europe, as most diversity climate measures were designed for the US context. We create a new measurement instrument that is not US‐sensitive, based on a new underlying conceptualization. We use this new measure to understand the influence of diversity climate on work role performance in the European context. We test our conceptual model through a cross‐level analysis in a large French organization (N = 509; Nunit = 34). We find that unit‐level diversity climate is positively related to work role performance, and that job satisfaction and affective commitment mediate the diversity climate/work role performance relationship. This study has strong theoretical and managerial implications as it highlights the role of diversity climate on performance behaviors.
Compressive fatigue behavior of low‐velocity impacted thermoplastic composite laminate
Authors: Chen Jiwei , Yao Weixing , Lin Hanyu , Zhou Yinhua , Wang Bintuan
Published: August 2021

In this paper, residual compressive strength and compression–compression fatigue tests of two kinds of AS4/PEEK laminates with low‐velocity impact damage were carried out to study the damage propagation characteristics. It was found that local buckling occurred around the impact dent and extended perpendicularly to the loading direction under fatigue compression loading. The expansion process of local buckling could be divided into three stages, and the damage mechanism of each stage was discussed. The experimental results showed that the impact damage and residual fatigue life both were quite dispersed under the same impact energy. A laminate with more severe impact damage had shorter residual compressive fatigue life, and the depth of impact dent could be used as an effective index to characterize the severity of impact damage and the residual fatigue life.