bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KETAHANAN HIDUP BEBERAPA JENIS TUMBUHAN DI KAWASAN VOID BEKAS TAMBANG BATUBARA
Authors: Kissinger Kissinger , Pitri Rina Muhayah Noor
Published: January 2019

The selection of plant species for phytoremediation activities is very important in the conservation of soil, water, plant, and animal life to create a conducive environment within a community or ecosystem. Plant survival is one indication for the selection of phytoremediation plants. This study aims to determine the survival of some plants in void areas of coal mining. Types of plants used are surface water plants species and the edge of void plant species. The plants of surface water area consisting of Kiambang (Salvinia sp.), Enceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes), Genjer (Limnocharis flava), and Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica). The plants which planted on edge of void were purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) and Bamban (Donax canniformis). Time of observation time was 6 months. Data were analyzed using a tabular matrix that contained the percentage of plant life/period time. The growth of the plant is specifically defined according to the color visibility and the development of plant form. The results of the study found that the highest surface survival species were Kiambang (Salvinia sp.) and Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica). Both of them still survive for 6 months of observation. The growth percentage of these two plants at the end of the observations are 36% and 20% respectively. Enceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) has a survival for 4 months. Whole water plant growth was depressed by indications of death, tendencies to yellowish-brownish or blackish, and smaller body parts. Purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) and Bamban (Donax canniformis) grown on the edge of voids have a high survival. Both of them showed ≥95% survival at the end of observation time.
KEANEKARAGAMAN MANGROVE DI DESA GEDANGAN, KECAMATAN PURWODADI, KABUPATEN PURWOREJO, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Rahayu Slamet Mardiyanto , Syuhriatin Syuhriatin , Wiryanto Wiryanto
Published: January 2019

This research aims to know the diversity of mangrove in Gedangan Village, Purwodadi Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency, Central Java. This research conducted on June-September 2016 with purposive sampling methods with three station. Based on the results of the research are nine mangrove species found are rhizophora mucronata, sonneratia alba, nypa fruticans, hibiscus tiliaceus, ipomoea pescaprae, acanthus ilicifolius, gymnanthera paludosa, wedelia biflora, and scirpus sp. Diversity of tree mangrove are low (H’ station 2=0,95 and H’ station 3= 0,15). Diversity of sapling mangrove are low with H’ in station 1, 2, and 3 are 0,2; 0,68; dan 0,08. And the diversity of mangrove seedling and lower plants are medium with H’ in station 1, 2, and 3 are 1,17; 1,56; and 1,48. Environment condition in all station is relatively good to support the life of mangrove plant. That is temperature  28-30 0C; pH 7-8; DO 4,0-6,5 mg/l; salinity 6-9 ppt; and sandy mud substrate.
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEKERABATAN IKAN FAMILI CYPRINIDAE PADA EKOSISTEM BENDUNGAN COLO SUKOHARJO JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Cahyono Ragil Nur , Budiharjo Agung , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: January 2019

The Cyprinidae fish family is a family of freshwater fish with the largest number of species and its presence is widespread almost all of the world. The main habitat of this family is the river's ecosystem, river damming changing the environmental conditions between the ecosystems before and after the dam's watergate. Such as Colo Dam that dammed Bengawan Solo River that allegedly affects the diversity of species of Cyprinidae fish. So this study was conducted in order to determine the diversity and kinship of the Cyprinidae fish family in the ecosystem before and after the Colo Dam watergate. Sampling was conducted September-October 2017 at Sukoharjo Colo Dam by Purposive sampling method. Identify fish species used Kottelat identification books. The diversity of fish species was calculated by Shannon Wiener's diversity index. The correlation between abiotic factor and fish diversity was analyzed by a regression test. The kinship of the fish was analyzed by the Ntsys cluster method (2.02i). The results showed that the Cyprinidae fish species that live in the Colo Dam ecosystem contain 10 species, the diversity of Cyprinidae fish in the fast-water ecosystem of station I is higher (0,96) then the slow-water ecosystem of station II, III, and IV (0,47; 0,73, and 0,58). Abiotic factors of current velocity affect the level of fish diversity reaches 91%. The Cyprinidae fish kinship rate has a coefficient of resemblance between 60% - 85%, fish with the same genus and many similarities in morphological characters and their behavior is categorized as having a close kinship.
POTENSI BATUGAMPING TERUMBU GORONTALO SEBAGAI BAHAN GALIAN INDUSTRI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS GEOKIMIA XRF
Authors: Permana Aang Panji
Published: January 2019

The potential of reef limestone in Gorontalo Province is very large. The proof is in two research stations in Kelurhan Buli'ide and Tanjung Kramat Village. Research on the potential of reef limestone using two methods of analysis petrology and geochemistry of XRF. Based on the results of the research both stations have the name of the rock and the composition of the chemical compounds is different. The results of the study differ from previous studies. Differences are found in the composition of CaO compounds higher than 80%. The chemical composition of compounds in two research stations has the potential to be developed into industrial material. Use of reef limestone can be used as building stones, road stabilizers, agricultural lime, ceramic materials, water purification and the process of deposition of non-ferrous metal ores.
POTENSI GAS RUMAH KACA (GRK) KOLAM ANAEROBIK PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (LCPKS)
Authors: Al Hakim Hisyam Musthafa , Agustina Lya
Published: January 2019

World vegetable oil needs to be increased every year along with population growth. Vegetable oil which potential to supply is palm oil because it has the highest productivity compared to other vegetable oil sources. Behind the rapid development of palm oil, came negative issue about environmental damage especially the increase of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the palm oil industry. This research aimed to calculate the potential of greenhouse gas caused by palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment in the anaerobic pond. The method used is by capture methane and carbon dioxide at the float chamber then gas chromatography analyzed. The results showed that the highest methane and carbon dioxide released at night (10.00 – 11.00 pm). The average potential released methane is 9441.28 mg C-CH4 m-2h-1 and Carbon dioxide is 5920.74 mg C-CO2 m-2h-1.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL DUA VARIETAS TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L.) Merril) DIBAWAH KONDISI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN PADA BERBAGAI STADIA TUMBUH
Authors: Maimunah Maimunah , Rusmayadi Gusti , Langai Bambang F.
Published: January 2019

Soybean is categorized as a plant which sensitive to water deficit or surplus in its life cycle. If water requirement is not sufficient for the growth and development, the soybean will be subjected to stress. Water stress, such deficiency or excess of water in the plant environment is a condition that disrupts the balance of plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the interaction between drought stress at various growth stages and soybean varieties, and observe which growth stages that would provide the highest yield of soybean know the differences in drought stress in various stadia of plant growth on the growth and yield of two varieties of soybean crops and which currently can give the highest yield in various stadia grow. This research was carried out by using polybag in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru for 4 months from March to June 2017. The experimental design was Randomized Completely Design with Split Plot Design Factorial. The first factor is soybean varieties (V) as main plot, i.e. Grobogan (v1) and Anjasmoro (v2), and the second factor is the growth stages those subjected to drought stress (C) as subplot, i.e. c1 : vegetative stage 3 (29 DAS and 36 DAS), c2 : flowering stage (35 DAS and 46 DAS), c3 pods appearance/emergence (42 DAS and 53 DAS), and c4 : pods filling stage (68 DAS and 76 DAS). The treatment was repeated 3 times and each experiment unit consists of 5 polybags, thus there were 120 plants in total. The crop growth rate, number of main branch nodes, number of effective root nodules, shoot root ratio, the first flowering time, the harvest time, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant, 100 seed dry weight, and the number of dry seed per plant. The result showed there was no interaction effect between drought stress in various stages and soybean varieties on all variables. Drought stress at vegetative stage 3 (c1) caused the number of main branch nodes, the number of pods per plant, the number of seed per plant, the 100 seed dry weight and the number of dry seed per plant are lower if they are compared to the plants those subjected to drought stress at pod filling stage (c4). Nevertheless, those variables were not different at drought stress at flowering stage (c2), pods appearance (c3) and pod filling stage  (4). Soybean varieties observation showed that the Grobogan were faster in flowering time and higher in crop growth (26.49 DAS and 3.08 g d-1 respectively) compared to the Anjasmoro (34.08 DAS and 2.73 g d-1 respectively).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOSERUM INJECTION ON AGARWOOD RESIN (Aquilariamalaccensis) FORMATION WITH SEVERAL INJECTION HOLE DISTANCES
Authors: Marlina Mina , Riniarti Melya , Syafe'i Rahmat
Published: January 2019

Agarwood has so high value that can trigger an excessive agarwood encroachment in nature; it threatened the agarwood availability. Agarwood cultivation was the right solution to overcome the Agarwood insufficiency. Currently, bioserum has been found to form Agarwood rapidly. It was found by Kusnadi and introduced to the public by BPDASHLWSS (The watershed management and protection forest inquiry). The formation and effectiveness process of bioserum has not been researched yet scientifically. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the success rate of Agarwood formation and the quality of Agarwood with combined injections treatments on tree branches of Aquilariamalaccensis. This research used a complete randomized design with 3 treatments. Each treatment consisted of several vertical injection hole spaces: 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm. The horizontal space for these three treatments was the same, 5 cm.  The result showed that the best vertical range of injection was 10 cm. Therefore, each injection hole would produce separate agarwood chips. A 10-cm vertical range injection also made the rest wood between the injection holes not too wide. This Agarwood was classified into kamedangan class with the average weight of 2 g/chips.
A Semiotic Study on Print Advertisements of Luxury Perfume Brands for Women
Authors: Zhang Yuping
Published: January 2019

Semiotics is an indispensable theory of decoding images in modern times. In this paper, I will focus on three important scholars in the semiotics study area who are Saussure, Peirce and Barthes, their theories are extremely important and useful for helping us analyse advertisements. In this case, I use their theories to analyse two luxury perfume advertisements which is Dior J'adore and Burberry London, and can understand the meanings and structures of the advertisements by the theory of semiotics. These semiotic theories explain symbols in print advertisements of these luxury brands from the perspective of Semiotic, to explore the reasons of success of print advertisements of luxury brands and connotation meanings behind extension meanings from these image symbols. It is necessary to master some features of symbols well during advertisements design, sophisticated symbol design during advertisements design can improve texture and level of advertisements as well as spread messages accurately, achieving the unity of beauty and practicality.
Signal-to-Noise Ration Evaluation of Luojia 1-01 Satellite Nighttime Light Remote Sensing Camera Based on Time Sequence Images
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhong Xing , Su Zhiqiang , Li Deren , Zhang Guo
Published: January 2019

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important index to evaluate radiation performance and image quality of optical imaging systems under low illumination background. Under the nighttime lighting condition, the illumination of remote sensing objects is low and varies greatly, usually ranging from several lux to tens of thousands of lux. Nighttime light remote sensing imaging requires high sensitivity and large dynamic range of detectors. Luojia 1-01 is the first professional nighttime light remote sensing satellite in the world. In this paper, we took the nighttime light remote sensing camera carried on the satellite as research object, proposed an in-orbit SNR test method based on time series images to overcome the problem of low spatial resolution. We first analyzed the process of luminous flux transmission between objects and satellite and established a radiative transfer model. By combining the parameters of large relative aperture optical system and high sensitivity CMOS device, we established SNR model and specially analyzed the effect of exposure time and quantization bits on SNR. Finally we used the proposed in-orbit test method to calculate SNR of lighting images acquired by satellite. And the measured result is in good agreement with the model predicted data. Under the condition of 10lx illumination, the SNR of typical objects can reach 27.02dB, which is much better than the requirement of 20dB for engineering application.
Event-Based Quantum Mechanics: A Context for the Emergence of Classical Information
Authors: Licata Ignazio , Chiatti Leonardo
Published: January 2019

This paper explores an event-based version of quantum mechanics which differs from the commonly accepted one, even though the usual elements of quantum formalism, e.g., the Hilbert space, are mantained. This version introduces as primary element the occurrence of micro-events induced by usual physical (mechanical, electromagnetic and so on) interactions. These micro-events correspond to state reductions and are identified with quantum jumps, already introduced by Bohr in his atomic model and experimentally well established today. Macroscopic bodies are defined as clusters of jumps; the emergence of classicality thus becomes understandable and time honoured paradoxes can be solved. In particular, we discuss the cat paradox in this context. Quantum jumps are described as temporal localizations of physical quantities; if the information associated with these localizations has to be finite, two time scales spontaneously appear: an upper cosmological scale and a lower scale of elementary "particles". This allows the interpretation of the Bekenstein limit like a particular informational constraint on the manifestation of a micro-event in the cosmos to which it belongs. The topic appears relevant in relation to recent discussions on possible spatiotemporal constraints on quantum computing.
Interplay among calcium diet content, PTH(1-34) treatment and balance of bone homeostases in rat model: the trabecular bone as keystone
Authors: Ferretti Marzia , Cavani Francesco , Roli Laura , Checchi Marta , Magarò Maria Sara , Bertacchini Jessika , Palumbo Carla
Published: January 2019

The present study is the second step (concerning the normal-diet restoration) of the our previous one (concerning the calcium-free diet) to determine whether the normal-diet restoration, with/without concomitant PTH(1-34) administration, can influence amounts and deposition sites of the total bone mass. Histomorphometric evaluations and immunohistochemical analysis for Sclerostin expression were conducted on the vertebral bodies and femurs  in rat model. The final goals are: i) to define timing and manners of bone mass changes when calcium is restored in the diet; ii) to analyze the different involvement of the two bony architectures having different metabolism (i.e. trabecular versus cortical bone); iii) to verify the eventual role of PTH(1-34) administration. Results evidenced the greater involvement of the trabecular bone with respect to the cortical one, in answering to different calcium diet content, and the effect of PTH mostly in the recovery of trabecular bony architecture. The main findings emerged from the present study are: i) the importance of the interplay between mineral homeostasis and skeletal homeostasis in modulating and guiding bone answers to dietary/metabolic alterations and ii) the evidence that the more involved bony architecture is the trabecular one, the most susceptible to the dynamical balance of the two homeostases.
Ideologies and the Western Question in Turkish Foreign Policy: A Neo-classical Realist Perspective
Authors: OVALI Ali Şevket , ÖZDİKMENLİ İlkim
Published: January 2019

Growing anti-Western sentiments around the world are currently manifesting themselves through divergent ways ranging from peaceful resistance movements to various forms of political violence. In the Middle East, unlike the earlier partially secular and nationalist Cold War anti-Americanism, the current popular anti-Western political movements are heavily equipped with Islamism, which appears to be an all-inclusive ideology and political movement for almost all dissidents. This applies to Turkey as well, despite its relatively long history of secularisation. This research particularly aims therefore to discuss the role of nationalism and Islamism on anti-Western sentiments in Turkish foreign policy through the lens of neo-classical realism and a new, broader conceptual framework: The Western Question. The research examines the contours, contents, and consequences of the problem through comparing two cases, namely the Cyprus problem of the 1970s and the crisis with the West that has surfaced after Turkey’s involvement in the Syrian Civil War. 
Growth versus value investing: a case of Nigerian Stock Market
Authors: Aremu Akinde Mukail , Peter Eriki , Ailemen Ikpefan Ochei
Published: January 2019

At a time, the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) is generally undergoing bearish trends; the paper investigated the performance of eighty-eight (88) sampled stocks, which were screened with the modern Price Earnings Growth (PEG) ratio into the Growth and the Value Portfolios. This is to ascertain whether the Value Portfolio outperformed the Growth Portfolio in terms of returns. From the researches in the developed and emerging stock markets, the momentum supports that the Value Portfolio outscored the Growth Portfolio in terms of returns. The paper explored pooled data from the Factbooks of the Nigerian Stock Market and the Annual Reports across different industries from 1990 to 2016. Descriptive methods and Arellano and Generalized Methods of Moment (GMM) xtabond2 were adopted to address the outliers, reverse causality and other related consequences of panel data. Similar to the findings from the developed and emerging stock markets, the study recognized that the Value Portfolio over-performed the Growth Portfolio in terms of returns in the NSE. Therefore, it is recommended that rational investors should show more preferences to invest in low-priced Value Stocks to earn higher returns than the high-priced Growth Stocks, which generated lower returns in the NSE.
A Comprehensive Review of Oxidative Stress as the Underlying Mechanism in Atherosclerosis and the Inefficiency of Antioxidants to Revert this Process
Authors: Cabezas Kevin G. , Gómez-Fernandez Carmen R. , Vazquez-Padron Roberto
Published: January 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases account for the highest mortality rate in the United States. The
major underlying mechanism driving the onset and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease affecting large and medium-size arteries; it proceeds through four main stages
along different decades of life, beginning at birth. Atherosclerosis is a consequence of oxidative stress, where
homeostasis between endogenous antioxidants and reactive oxygen species is disrupted. Failure of intrinsic antioxidants
and prophylactic antioxidant supplements to prevent atherosclerosis formation is an ongoing area of
research in the race to avert, manage and cure atherosclerosis.

Methods:

The purpose of this work was to elucidate the actions of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress on
the formation of atherosclerosis as well as the different stages of atherosclerosis and the different mechanisms to
prevent it. Through an extensive review of scientific literature, this paper correlates cell damage caused by oxidative
stress to atheromatous plaque formation, as well as an in-depth analysis of high-density lipoproteins and
enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant role on atherosclerosis prevention. The antioxidant mechanism is
overwhelmed by atherosclerotic processes and fails to be the ideal treatment of atherosclerosis. There is no scientific
data that correlates prophylactic and non-prophylactic antioxidant treatment to a decrease in mortality or
comorbidities pertaining to atherosclerosis. This is thought to be due to lack of consensus of optimal therapeutic
doses, lack of reliable markers indicating which patient is to benefit from therapy and the chemical complexity of
antioxidants in vivo. Current treatments for atherosclerosis include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors which directly
target low-density lipoproteins to tackle atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Conclusion:

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are not enough for the treatment of atherosclerosis given the complexity
of the disease which has immune, musculoskeletal, genetic and hematologic aspects besides the involvement
of lipids and lipoproteins. Therefore, other pharmacologic targets such as the PCSK9 enzyme and NFK- β
should be researched in depth as possible treatments for atherosclerosis.
The Role of Statins in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Doumas Michael , Imprialos Konstantinos , Dimakopoulou Aikaterini , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Binas Athanasios , Athyros Vasilios G.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH) are the most common causes of elevated liver enzymes in the general population. NASH, and to a
lesser extent NAFLD have been associated with increased liver-related, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and allcause
mortality. No effective treatment is widely acceptable.

Objective:

The purpose of this review is to summarize available data on the impact of statins on NAFLD and
NASH.

Method:

A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify studies assessing the effect of statin
use in NAFLD/NASH.

Results:

Recent reports have shown that the use of statins in patients with elevated plasma aminotransferases may
be beneficial. Post hoc data from three large prospective randomized clinical trials (n>11, 000) suggest that specific
statins (mainly atorvastatin) ameliorate NAFLD/NASH and reduce CVD events twice as much as in those with
normal liver function. Several biopsy studies have found that rosuvastatin use is related with significant histological
ameliorating effects in the setting of NASH. Statin treatment may also protect from hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) related to NAFLD/NASH.

Conclusion:

Since NAFLD/NASH patients have high CVD risk, they will probably require a statin. Thus, why not
select a specific statins (atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, both generic now) that offer a substantial liver- and CVDrelated
adverse event reduction? The administration of statins in these patients is as safe as in the general population.
Advances in Nanoparticle-based Delivery of Next Generation Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Malik Shipra , Asmara Brenda , Moscato Zoe , Mukker Jatinder Kaur , Bahal Raman
Published: January 2019

Background:

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) belong to the next generation of synthetic nucleic acid analogues. Their high binding affinity and specificity towards the target DNA or RNA make them the reagent of choice for gene therapy-based applications.

Objective:

To review important gene therapy based applications of regular and chemically modified peptide nucleic acids in combination with nanotechnology.

Method:

Selective research of the literature.

Results:

Poor intracellular delivery of PNAs has been a significant challenge. Among several delivery strategies explored till date, nanotechnology-based strategies hold immense potential. Recent studies have shown that advances in nanotechnology can be used to broaden the range of therapeutic applications of PNAs. In this review, we discussed significant advances made in nanoparticle-based on PLGA polymer, silicon, oxidized carbon and graphene oxide for the delivery of PNAs.

Conclusion:

Nanoparticles delivered PNAs can be implied in diverse gene therapy based applications including gene editing as well as gene targeting (antisense) based strategies.
Comparative Efficacy of Chitosan, Pectin Based Mesalamine Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems on TNBS-induced IBD Model Rats
Authors: Newton Amaldoss M.J. , Lakshmanan Prabakaran
Published: January 2019

Objective:

A number of natural polymer-based drug delivery systems targeting
the colon are reported for different applications. Most of the research is based on the class
of natural polymers such as polysaccharides. This study compares the anti-inflammatory
effect of different polysaccharide based tablets on IBD when a drug carrier is targeted to
the colon as matrix and coated systems.

Methods:

The TNBS induced IBD Wistar rats were used as a model for the study. The microscopic
and macroscopic parameters were studied in detail. Almost all the important IBD
parameters were reported in this work.

Results:

The results demonstrated that the polysaccharides are efficient in carrying the
drugs to the colon. Reduction in the level of ulcer index (UI), Myeloperoxidase (MPO),
and Malondialdehyde MDA, confirmed the inhibitory activity on the development of Reactive
oxygen species (ROS). The increased level of Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) an expression
of colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was lowered in treatments as
compared to TNBS control.

Conclusion:

The different polymer-based mesalamine (DPBM) confirmed the efficient anti-
inflammatory activity on IBD induced rats. The increased level of glutathione (GSH),
and superoxide dismutase (SOD) also confirmed the effective anti-inflammatory effect. A
significant decrease in the ulcer score and ulcer area was reported. The investigation revealed
that chitosan is superior to pectin in IBD treatment likewise polysaccharide-based
matrix systems are superior to the coated system.
Exploring the Antimicrobial Properties Against Human Pathogens and Mode of Action of Various Extracts from Fredolia aretioides, an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Morocco and Algeria
Authors: Bouchal Btissam , Errahhali Mounia Elidrissi , Errahhali Manal Elidrissi , Boulouiz Redouane , Ouarzane Meryem , Tajir Mariam , Matsunami Katsuyoshi , Bellaoui Mohammed
Published: January 2019

Background:

Developing new antimicrobial medicines is one of the strategic objectives of the global action plan adopted by the World Health Organization to tackle antimicrobial resistance.

Objective:

Considering the fact that natural products derived from medicinal plants are an important source for discovering new antimicrobial compounds, we investigated here the antimicrobial properties and the mode of action of various extracts from Fredolia aretioides, an endemic medicinal plant of Morocco and Algeria, and belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family.

Methods:

Various extracts from F. aretioides were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six bacterial species, and their antifungal activity against five fungi species. Chemicalgenetic screens were performed using a collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae viable haploid deletion mutants spanning diverse biological processes.

Results:

The diethyl ether extract of roots was found to be active against Citobacter freundii, with a MIC of 400 µg/ml. Hydro-methanol, methanol and residual extracts from aerial parts and roots were active against all five fungi species tested. Our results showed that residual extracts were the most effective against the fungi tested. Residual extract from aerial parts was more potent than the residual root extract, with IC50’s of 60 µg/ml and 440 µg/ml, respectively. Chemical-genetic analysis in S. cerevisiae revealed that residual extracts might affect fatty acid and sphingolipid biosynthesis.

Conclusion:

All these findings suggest that F. aretioides is a promising source for the isolation of novel antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action against human pathogens.
Studies on the EC50 of Natural Monoterpenes as Fungal Inhibitors with Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs)
Authors: Badawy Mohamed E.I. , Rabea Entsar I. , Abdelgaleil Samir A.M.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Monoterpenes are the main constituents of the essential oils obtained from plants. These natural products offered wide spectra of biological activity and extensively tested against microbial pathogens and other agricultural pests.

Methods:

Antifungal activity of 10 monoterpenes, including two hydrocarbons (camphene and (S)- limonene) and eight oxygenated hydrocarbons ((R)-camphor, (R)-carvone, (S)-fenchone, geraniol, (R)-linalool, (+)-menthol, menthone, and thymol), was determined against fungi of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium graminearum, Phoma exigua, Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the mycelia radial growth technique. Subsequently, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis using different molecular descriptors with multiple regression analysis based on systematic search and LOOCV technique was performed. Moreover, pharmacophore modelling was carried out using LigandScout software to evaluate the common features essential for the activity and the hypothetical geometries adopted by these ligands in their most active forms.

Results:

The results showed that the antifungal activities were high, but depended on the chemical structure and the type of microorganism. Thymol showed the highest effect against all fungi tested with respective EC50 in the range of 10-86 mg/L. The QSAR study proved that the molecular descriptors HBA, MR, Pz, tPSA, and Vp were correlated positively with the biological activity in all of the best models with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.98 and cross-validated values (Q2) ≥ 0.77.

Conclusion:

The results of this work offer the opportunity to choose monoterpenes with preferential antimicrobial activity against a wide range of plant pathogens.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Shapley-TOPSIS Method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problems Based on Information Measures
Authors: Kumari Reetu , Mishra Arunodaya R. , Sharma Deelip K.
Published: January 2019

Aims & Background:

Cloud Computing (CC) offers unique scalable and all time available services
to the user. As service provision is an important part of the Cloud computing concept, the proper
choice of the desired service is of most relevance according to the users’ needs. Various associations like as
Microsoft and Facebook have revealed momentous investments in CC and currently offer services with top
levels of reliability. The well-organized and precise evaluation of cloud-based communication network is an
essential step in assurance both the business constancy and the continuous open services. However, with a
vast diversity in the cloud services, selection of a suitable cloud service is a very challenging task for a user
under an unpredictable environment. Due to the multidimensional criteria of Quality of Service (QoS), cloud
service selection problems are treated as Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem.

Objectives & Methodology:

In present paper, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method named as
Shapley-TOPSIS method, which is extension of classical TOPSIS method for cloud service selection is developed.
Thereafter, new divergence measures for IFSs with multiple parameters are studied. The interesting
properties among the developed divergence and entropy measures have also been derived. Then, the criterion
weights are ascertained by Shapley function via entropy and fuzzy measure approach. Next, Shapleydivergence
measures are applied to calculate closeness coefficient of alternative. Finally, a problem of cloud
service selection is demonstrated to show the applicability of new method and also compared with some existing
method.

Results & Conclusion:

A decision making problem of cloud computing service provider has been considered
for signifying the developed proposed intuitionistic fuzzy Shapley TOPSIS method and finishes with
the outcomes coincide with the already developed methods which confirms the solidity of the developed
method. For future, we plan to apply the proposed approach with different multi-criteria decision making
problems. Also, we can extend proposed approach with other uncertain environment by using other decision
making methods.
Las Hydrangeas trepadoras (Hydrangeaceae) de México, incluyendo la descripción de seis nuevas especies en peligro (crítico)
Authors: Samain Marie-Stéphanie , Hernández Najarro Francisco , Martínez Salas Esteban Manuel
Published: January 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Hydrangea consta de aproximadamente 200 taxones en Asia y América. Mientras que las especies arbustivas de Asia y los EUA, así como los más de 1000 híbridos y cultivares derivados de estos, son muy conocidos por su valor ornamental, las especies neotropicales son mucho menos apreciadas. Hydrangea sección Cornidia, con 13 taxones aceptados, se distribuye desde México hasta Chile y Argentina, con una especie en el sureste de Asia. Sus representantes son lianas trepadoras que pueden crecer hasta 60 m de altura en el dosel de árboles de bosques templados a selvas (sub)tropicales. Extenso trabajo de campo a lo largo de su área de distribución y estudio de especímenes de herbario ha resultado en el descubrimiento de nuevos taxones. Presentamos una revisión de las diez especies mexicanas actualmente conocidas.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo trabajo de campo en el noroeste, centro y sureste de México, incluida la exploración en áreas donde el género no se había recolectado anteriormente. Se llevaron a cabo estudios morfológicos y arquitectónicos detallados, basados en plantas vivas en su hábitat natural, así como en muestras secas de nuestras colecciones y el material de herbario disponible.Resultados clave: Se describen seis especies nuevas para la ciencia, incluyendo una clave de identificación para las nativas y una ampliamente cultivada, ilustraciones y mapas de distribución. Se presentan descripciones enmendadas para dos especies descritas anteriormente, por lo que todas las Hydrangeas mexicanas conocidas actualmente cuentan con una descripción morfológica detallada.Conclusiones: El género Hydrangea ejemplifica la falta de actividades de recolección botánica específicas de taxones en México. El descubrimiento de estas nuevas especies es aún más sorprendente teniendo en cuenta el tamaño considerable de estas plantas. Todas las especies mexicanas están amenazadas, principalmente debido a la deforestación y cambios en el uso del suelo.
Mobile Self-monitoring ECG Devices to Diagnose Arrhythmia (AR) that coincide with Palpitations: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Marston Hannah Ramsden , Hadley Robin , Banks Duncan , Duro Maria Del Carmen Miranda
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

The use and deployment of mobile devices across society is phenomenal. Yet, little is known about the use and deployment of mobile ECG monitoring of palpitations and arrhythmia. The popularity of the devices tied with the increase of individuals monitoring their health highlighted the paucity of material on this recent trend.

OBJECTIVE

In this scoping literature review we identify the contemporary evidence which reports the use of mobile ECG monitoring to assess palpitations and AR across populations.

METHODS

The search was conducted across five electronic databases: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), CINHAL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, between February and March 2018.

RESULTS

A total of 981 records were identified and following the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of nine records formed the final stage of the review. The results identified a total of six primary themes (purpose, environment, population, wearable devices, assessment, and study design). A further 24 secondary themes were identified including: detection, cost effectiveness, recruitment, type of setting, type of assessment, commercial or purpose-built mobile device across the primary themes.

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights that further work is required to understand the impact of mobile ECG devices on how arrhythmias and palpitations are assessed and measured across all populations and l ages of society. A positive trend revealed by this review demonstrates how mobile ECG devices can support primary care providers to deliver high-levels of care, at a low cost to the service provider. This has several benefits: alleviation of patient anxiety, lowering the risk of morbidity and mortality, while progressively impacting on national and international care pathway guidelines. Limitations of this work contain the paucity of knowledge and insight from primary care providers and the lack of qualitative material. We argue that future studies consider qualitative and mixed-methods approaches studies to complement quantitative methodologies and to ensure all actors’ experiences are recorded.
Comparative Evaluation of Some Commercial Clopidogrel Tablets Available in Yemen
Authors: Ali Bassam Abduh , Al-haddad Mohammed Gameel , Areqi Abdullah Ahmed
Published: January 2019

Clopidogrel is a medication to reduce the risk of heart disease and taken orally. Quality of drug characterizes the production process and every phamaceutical company strives for it but often it is very difficult to achieve. This study was to investigate quality control parameters of some marketed Clopidogrel tablets. To assess the quality, eight different marketed brands of Clopidogrel 75 mg tablets available in Yemeni market collected from different pharmacies in Hodeida city. Different quality parameters like weight variation, hardness, thickness and friability were determined according to established protocols. Then the in-vitro dissolution test, potency, disintegration time were also carried out. UV-spectrophotometer was used to determine the percentage released and assay at 218 nm. All the brands comply the requirements of Pharmacopoeia as they showed acceptable weight variation range. Friability of all brands was less than 1% and no significant differences in disintegration times as they disintegrated within 15 minutes. In case of dissolution profile, all brands except C6 showed acceptable dissolution time as they released more than 60% of drug in 45 minute. The hardness of only two brands was within the range. All brands also meet the potency specifications. This study suggested that most commercially Clopidogrel tablets in Yemen maintain the quality and comply with the pharmacopeia specifications.
Metabolit Utama Metilripariokhromen-A, Senyawa Bioaktif dalam Daun Eupatorium Riparium Reg. dalam Urin Tikus Jantan
Authors: Wahyuono Subagus , Vairappan Charles S. , Mohd. Datin Maryati , Fauziati Vera , Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih , Marchaban Marchaban
Published: January 2019

Metilripariokhromene-A (MRC) (1) adalah senyawa bioaktif yang diisolasi dari daun Eupatorium riparium Reg. hasil koleksi Taman Nasional G. Merapi. MRC diisolasi dari ekstrak kloroform daun dengan metoda bioassay (BST) guided isolation. MRC mempunyai efek diuretik, menurunkan tekanan darah, dan mengeluarkan mineral dari tubuh. Efek ini juga ditunjukan oleh furosemide yang secara klinis telah digunakan sebagai diuretik. MRC merupakan senyawa khromen yang mempunyai 2 gugus –OCH3 pada cincin aromatiknya, secara in vivo kemungkinan mengalami demetilasi memberikan gugus fenolik (-OH) yang bersifat antiseptik. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui efek diuretik dibandingkan dengan furosemide, mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi metabolit utama yang terdapat dalam urin, dan kemungkinan MRC dapat digunakan sebagai obat anti-infeksi pada saluran kemih. Ekstrak n-hexana (81% MRC) (1,25 g/Kg BW) secara per oral diberikan kepada tikus jantan (+ 200 g), dan furosemide juga diberikan sebagai kontrol positif untuk diuretik. Urin selama 48 jam dikumpulkan, dipartisi dengan EtOAc selama 15 menit sehingga diperoleh fraksi EtOAc. Fraksi EtOAc difraksinasi, dan metabolit utama yang terdapat dalam fr. 4-5, dan fr. 6-7 dipisahkan dengan KLT preparatif. Identifikasi struktur kimia metabolit utama dilakukan berdasarkan atas data 1H- dan 13C-NMR. Efek diuretik dari ekstrak n-heksana (1,25 g / kg bb) sebanding dengan furosemid (8,83 mL/ tikus vs 8,70 mL/ tikus selama 24 jam). Data 1H- dan 13C-NMR dari fr 4-5 menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perubahan besar dalam penampilan spektrum 1H- dan 13C-NMR dibandingkan dengan MRC, kecuali bahwa gugus 1 -OCH3 didemetilasi menjadi demetil MRC (2) . Berdasarkan eksperimen HMBC dan HMQC, -OCH3 di C-8 adalah yang demetilasi. Data 1H-NMR dari fr. 6-7 mirip dengan fr. 4-5, demetilasi satu-OCH3 grup pada C-8 tetapi hubungan eter dalam sistem ring furan rusak untuk memberikan 2 struktur tentatif (3 dan 4).
Facing real-life with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: outcomes from the first observational and prospective study in a Spanish population
Authors: Cerdá María , Cerezo-Manchado Juan J , Johansson Erik , Martínez Fernanda , Fernández Mariana , Varela Ana , Rodríguez Saray , Bosch Francesc , Santamaría Amparo
Published: January 2019

Aim:
To analyze the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients attended in clinical practice.
Methods:
Observational and prospective study of AF patients that started treatment with DOACs.
Results:
1443 patients (age 77.2 ± 9.7 years, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc = 4.1 ± 1.5) were included. 46.0% were taking rivaroxaban, 24.4% dabigatran, 22.5% apixaban and 7.1% edoxaban. Patients taking dabigatran were younger, had lower CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc and lesser renal insufficiency. Patients taking apixaban had higher CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc and more renal insufficiency. Rates of stroke/major bleeding/intracranial bleeding were 0.7/1.3/0.2 events/100 patient-years, respectively.
Conclusion:
This was the first prospective study that analyzed the use of all DOACs in AF patients in Spain, showing a good profile in terms of safety and effectiveness in accordance with pivotal studies.
La economía de John Kenneth Galbraith: Una visión personal en tres partes
Authors: Galbraith James K.
Published: January 2019

 

 

El objetivo es hacer una lectura histórica, biográfica y analítica de las principales contribuciones de John K Galbraith, un economista de su tiempo. Se indaga acerca de las más importantes influencias que su obra fue mostrado, así como de las mayores contribuciones que su obra ha representado para la construcción de modelos de desarrollo capitalista más estables. Se sostiene que aunque no pueda situarse un espacio académico de desarrollo del pensamiento de Galbraith, ha sido muy potente su influencia en el desarrollo de países como Alemania, Japón o China. Aunque dejo de serlo en los Estados Unidos principalmente debido al ascenso del poder oligárquico financiero desde los años setenta. 

JEI: B25; B31; B52; E31

 
From citizen science to citizen action: analysing the potential for a digital platform to cultivate attachments to nature
Authors: Sharma Nirwan , Greaves Sam , Siddharthan Advaith , Anderson Helen , Robinson Annie , Colucci-Gray Laura , Wibowo Agung T. , Bostock Helen , Salisbury Andrew , Roberts Stuart , Slawson David , van der Wal Rene
Published: January 2019

Identifying private gardens in the U.K. as key sites of environmental engagement, we look at how a longer-term online citizen science programme facilitated the development of new and personal attachments of nature. These were visible through new or renewed interest in wildlife-friendly gardening practices and attitudinal shifts in a large proportion of its participants. Qualitative and quantitative data, collected via interviews, focus groups, surveys and logging of user behaviours, revealed that cultivating a fascination with species identification was key to both ‘helping nature’ and wider learning, with the programme creating a space where scientific and non-scientific knowledge could co-exist and reinforce one another.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS
Authors: Krasnoselskikh T. V. , Shaboltas A. V.
Published: January 2019

Until recently in Russia the general methodology for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV-infection and blood-borne infections (BBI) has not been developed and targeted preventive interventions aimed at vulnerable populations have not been applied. As a rule, domestic researchers have been confined to detailed analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of STIs and other socially significant diseases in general population and their clinical features without offering social prevention technologies. Meanwhile, a large number of scientific researches aimed at improving the prevention strategies for STI/BBI and comprehensive preventive programs combining biomedical and behavioral components are being carried out all over the world. Unfortunately, preventive programs developed abroad cannot be mechanically introduced into the practice of Russian health care system. The programs should be adapted and implemented in the context of the socioeconomic and cultural uniqueness of Russia. The current epidemic situation necessitates switching from secondary and tertiary STI/BBI prevention and traditional biomedical approach to primary prevention and multidisciplinary approach. The multidisciplinary approach to healthy life style promotion and prevention of self-destructive behaviors including alcohol and drug use and risky sexual practices is a new branch of medicine. The presented article is aimed to analyze theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development, implementation and effectiveness evaluation of behavioral preventive interventions focused on socially significant infections.
MAIN REASONS AND CURRENT METHODS OF CORRECTION OF POOR ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN DIFFICULT PATIENTS
Authors: Musatov V. B. , Yakovlev A. A. , Chaika N. A. , Kelly Jeffrey , Amirhanyan Y. A.
Published: January 2019

The review of literature on strategies of improvement and maintaining of the treatment compliance aimed at increasing the treatment efficacy for patients with chronic diseases is presented. Emphasis is placed on the need for increasing compliance rate in people living with HIV. Practical recommendations for achievement of high compliance rate in antiviral treatment for «difficult» patients were discussed. Publications mainly for the last 10 years in peer-reviewed medical journals and on current Internet resources including elibrary and Pub-Med were used.