bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epithelial‐myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands: a follow‐up and cytophotometric study of 21 cases
Authors: Hamper Klaus , Brügmann Martin , Koppermann Ralf , Caselitz Jörg , Arps Hartmut , Askensten Ursula , Auer Gert , Seifert Gerhard
Published: April 2006

The Salivary Gland Registry provided 21 cases of epithelial‐myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands from 1965–1980 which were evaluated retrospectively for clinical follow‐up and cytophotometric data; 81% were localized in the major, 19% in the minor salivary glands. The male: female ratio was 1:1.1, 10 patients (47, 6%) being men and 11 (52,4%) women. The youngest patient was 27, the oldest 91 y old. The mean age was 59.3 y (overall), 57.9 y (women) and 61.0 (men). The clinical course was characterized by lymph node metastases present at initial diagnosis and local recurrences in 23.5%. No patient died of the tumor. In 12 cases, cytochemical assessment of nuclear DNA by means of single cell scanning cytophotometry yielded diploid histograms. According to clinical and cytophotometrical data, epithelial‐myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands can be regarded as a proper tumor entity of low grade malignancy.
Expression of MHC Class II antigens (HLA DR, DP and DQ) by keratinocytes in oral lichen planus
Authors: Farthing P. M. , Cruchley A. T.
Published: April 2006

The incidence and distribution of keratinocytes expressing the major histocompatability complex antigens HLAJDR, DP and DQ and their relationship to the density of the inflammatory infiltrate was determined in lesions of oral lichen planus and normal mucosa using an immunoalkaline phosphatase technique. Seven of eight biopsies of lichen planus showed evidence of keratinocyte HLA DR expression but the pattern was variable both within and between biopsies. A significant increase in density of lymphocytes was found beneath those areas showing HLA DR expression throughout the prickle cell layer compared with those areas showing patchy or no expression. No evidence for keratinocyte expression of HLA DP or DQ was found. These results suggest that expression of HLA DR by keratinocytes in lichen planus may be induced by the lymphocytic infiltrate perhaps as a result of interferon gamma production. The functional significance of such MHC Class II expression remains unknown.
Lectin histochemistry of ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Aguirre A. , Takai Y. , Meenaghan M. , Neiders M. , Natiella J. R.
Published: April 2006

The cell membrane carbohydrate components of 10 simple (follicular and/or plexiform pattern) and 5 acanthomatous ameloblastomas, one plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma, one soft tissue ameloblastoma and 11 odontogenic keratocysts were studied in paraffin‐embedded tissues using horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated lectins. The presence of glucose and mannose was demonstrated by intense labelling with Concanavalin ensiforme (Con A) in 73% of the ameloblastomas examined, while periodate oxidation of the specimens prior to Con A (PA/Con A) stained 53% of the cases. Ameloblastomas did not express receptors for Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Erythrina chrystagalli (ECA), Arachis hypogea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA‐1). The plexiform unicystic ameloblastoma and the soft tissue ameloblastoma examined showed the same cell membrane glycoproteins as the simple and acanthomatous ameloblastomas. Forty‐five per cent of the keratocysts demonstrated Con A reactivity from the basal to the keratinized layer, while 72% of these specimens showed positive PA/Con A reactivity from the parabasal to the keratinized layer. Staining with WGA, ECA, PNA, and UEA lectins also revealed the presence of N‐Acetyl‐glucosamine and fucose oligosaccharides in the plasma membrane of basal, spinous and keratinized cell layers of the odontogenic keratocysts. The distinct cell surface carbohydrate composition of the ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst may be responsible for the differences in biological behavior in these conditions.
Loss of Harvey ras heterozygosity in oral squamous carcinoma
Authors: Howell R. E. , Wong F. S. H. , Fenwick R. G.
Published: April 2006

This investigation of oral squamous carcinoma in five individuals revealed that four of the patients were constitutionally heterozygous at the c‐Ha‐ras‐1 locus and that the tumour from one patient had lost that heterozygosity. The loss of c‐Ha‐ras‐1 alleles provides a useful marker for detecting deletions of genetic material located on the short arm of chromosome 11 (lip) and has been found in association with a number of malignant tumours but has not been previously described in carcinoma of the head and neck. The repeated association of lip deletions with malignancies has led to the postulation of a recessive cancer gene or tumour suppressor gene at this location involved in carcinogenesis and tumour progression. This study indicates that such a mechanism may contribute to the development of oral squamous carcinoma.
Characterization of the “in vitro pulp chamber” using the cytotoxicity of phenol
Authors: Hanks C. T. , Diehl M. L. , Craig R. G. , Makinen P.‐K. , Pashley D. H.
Published: April 2006

Phenol was found to be an acceptable positive control substance for cytotoxicity assays in a new device, the “in vitro pulp chamber” (IVPC). Various concentrations of phenol were used to study its biologic effects on Balb/c 3T3 cells as well as its diffusion characteristics through various thicknesses of dentin disks. The cells showed a linear cytotoxic response to direct contact with phenol between the concentrations of 5 × 10−4 and 5 × 10−2 M. When a dentin barrier was used in the IVPC, phenol concentrations in the lower chamber were reduced below that in the reservoir and were inversely proportional to the thickness of the dentin. In the IVPC with 0.5 mm dentin disks, Balb/c 3T3 cells growing on the bottom of the dentin disks still maintained new protein synthesis at 60% of control levels when the phenol concentration in the reservoir was 0.05 M. When in direct contact with the cells this phenol concentration depressed protein synthesis to basal levels.
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: report of three cases with pulmonary and lymph node metastases
Authors: Bang G. , Koppang H.S. , Hansen L.S. , Gilhuus‐Moe O. , Aksdal E. , Persson P.G. , Lundgren J.
Published: April 2006

Three cases of a newly described rare odontogenic tumor are reported. One patient died with pulmonary metastases. one had an associated odontogenic cyst and one exhibited regional lymph node metastasis. The cases lend support to the odontogenic origin and metastatic capability of the clear cell odontogenic tumor. The authors recommend aggressive therapy and believe that the tumor should be considered a clear cell odontogenic carcinoma.
Sampling of jugulo‐digastric lymph nodes in oral cancer
Authors: Saka S.M. , MacDonald D.G.
Published: April 2006

A modified method of histologic sampling involving multiple blocks has been applied to 37 jugulo‐digastric nodes dissected from freshly submitted neck dissection specimens from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Seventeen of these nodes had been found to be free from tumor following standard sampling. The method was also applied to a further 29 jugulo‐digastric nodes that had been previously reported as being free from metastatic tumor. Only one of the 46 nodes previously reported as negative was found to contain secondary tumor following more extensive sampling.
Inflammatory paradental cysts in the globulomaxillary region
Authors: Vedtofte P. , Holmstrup P.
Published: April 2006

Cysts located in the maxilla between the roots of an erupted lateral incisor and a canine were studied. Radicular cysts were excluded by the prerequisite of a positive pulp vitality test in both adjacent teeth, and odontogenic keratocysts were excluded by histologic examination. In the period from 1971–1987, 8 cysts were found which fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. The average age of the patients was 18.8 yr. All cysts were lined by a hyperplastic non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and there was always a heavy infiltrate of inflammatory cells in the connective tissue. The clinical and histologic features were similar to those previously reported for inflammatory paradental cysts (IPC) in the mandible. Therefore, it seems justified to suggest that some of the previously described globulomaxillary cysts are in fact IPCs.
Comparison of giant cell granuloma of the jaw and non‐ossifying fibroma
Authors: Slootweg Pieter J.
Published: April 2006

The present investigation concerns 113 patients with peripheral giant cell granulomas, 52 patients with central giant cell granulomas and 18 patients with non‐ossifying fibromas of the long bones. The purpose was to analyze the possible equivalence of central giant cell granulomas with non‐ossifying fibromas. Non‐ossifying fibromas occur at a lower mean age than central giant cell granulomas and moreover, although central giant cell granulomas may exhibit areas that are histologically similar to non‐ossifying fibromas, the presence of other features, especially bone formation, warrants a recognition of central giant cell granulomas and non‐ossifying fibromas as separate entities.
Histopathology of the interactions between alveolar bone and impacted dental germs in osteopetrotic op/op rats
Authors: Phillippart C. , Arys A. , Dourov N.
Published: April 2006

Osteopetrosis, a general increase in bone density, is well‐known as an autosomal recessive disease in several mammalian species. Compared with normal littermates, the osteopetrotic rats suffered from a complete failure of tooth eruption. Histologic and microradiographic studies show that the molars and the incisors developed a progressive ankylosis, the bone invades the germs and finally dissociates them. As early as the first days after birth, the incisors and the first molars are affected by the osteopetrotic process while the second and the third molars remain untouched. The periodontal membrane of the incisors is rapidly invaded by the osteopetrotic bone trabeculae. After the eleventh day, the process reached all molars. The germs were overlaid by an occlusal unresorbed bone. The formation of the gebernacular canal appeared to be independent of the prefunctional eruption.
Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in focal epithelial hyperplasia
Authors: Garlick Jonathan A. , Calderon Shlomo , Buchner Amos , Mitrani‐Rosenbaum Stella
Published: April 2006

Five focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) specimens from four patients were examined by Southern blot hybridization analysis to determine the specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types present. The histomorphologic features of these specimens were also evaluated and a broad variety of changes including koilocytes, mitosoid cells, ballooning cells and cells showing individual cell keratinization were noted. FEH lesions from the three patients sharing a familial relationship demonstrated HPV DNA sequences that were either the prototype HPV‐13 or a very closely related HPV‐13 subtype. These patients also showed similar clinical features. Lesional tissue from the other patient was found to harbor HPV DNA sequences similar to HPV‐32. In view of these findings it is suggested that these specific HPV types are associated with the characteristic FEH histomorphology described.
Paget's disease of bone with involvement of the dental pulp
Authors: Aldred Michael J. , Cooke Brian E. D.
Published: April 2006

A case of Paget's disease of bone in a 65‐yr‐old woman is described with partial obliteration of the pulps of tteth in the affected mandible. This hard tissue had the typical mosaic pattern of bone or cementum seen in that condition.
Snuff tumorigenesis: effects of long‐term snuff administration after initiation with 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide and herpes simplex virus type 1
Authors: Larsson Per‐Anders , Johansson Sonny L. , Vahine Anders , Hirsch Jan M.
Published: April 2006

The tumor promoting effects of snuff was studied in Lewis rats initiated with 4‐nitroquinoline‐N‐oxide (4‐NQO) and Sprague Dawley rats repeatedly inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1). The test substances were administered in a surgically created canal in the lower lips of the rats. There were 15 rats in each test group and 10 rats in the control group. In the groups treated with 4‐NQO and 4‐NQO + snuff, 8 and 12 tumors (5 and 9 malignant) were found, respectively. In the group subjected to HSV‐1 only, 3 tumors were found (2 malignant), in the group subjected to snuff only, 4 tumors were found (3 malignant) and in the group subjected to the combination of HSV‐1 and snuff, 13 tumors were found (7 malignant). In the control group only one malignancy was found. The study did not show any promoting effects of snuff in the oral cavity after initiation with 4‐NQO. Neither was there any increase in the number of oral tumors in rats treated with HSV‐1 and snuff. However, there was a marked increase in the number of malignant tumors outside the oral cavity in the group treated with HSV‐1 and snuff, underlining the importance of interactions between these two agents in the development of malignant lesions.
Use of the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase immunostaining technique on previously stained histologic sections
Authors: Crooks J. , Altini M.
Published: April 2006

A recent report has demonstrated that the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase (ABP) technique can successfully be used on previously stained histologic sections without the loss of sensitivity. In this study the tissues had been microwave fixed and only H & E stained sections were used. This procedure was tested on formalin‐fixed tissues previously stained with H & E, PAS and van Gieson. Stained sections were prepared from selected blocks used as controls. One week after staining the sections were decolorized and together with the unstained control sections were restained with the ABP technique using IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, kappa and lambda light chains, S100, EMA, LCA, amylase and PCK antisera. Demonstration of the tissue antigens was best with the previously stained H & E slides with little or no loss in sensitivity. Variable results were obtained with the PAS and van Gieson slides, the loss of sensitivity varying from none to complete.
Primary fixation of vervet monkey oral epithelium for ultrastructural investigation‐SEM
Authors: Grossman E. S.
Published: April 2006

Vervet monkey attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa was used to investigate the effect of primary fixative composition and osmolarity on the scanning electron microscope appearance and epithelial cell surface feature density. Primary fixation was obtained using 12 different fixatives with osmolarities varying between 320–2010mOsm followed by further standard SEM processing procedures. All primary fixatives investigated produced acceptably fixed oral epithelium for SEM study, showing all the morphologic features characteristic of either keratinized or non‐keratinized oral tissue. Point counting revealed that the density of microvilli of attached gingiva epithelial cells when fixed at 2010mOsm was 72±8% of the cell surface area. This decreased to 40±5% when fixed at 320mOsm. Similarly the microplication density of the alveolar mucosa epithelial cells decreased from 70±5% at 2010mOsm to 43±7% at 320mOsm. Both these differences proved to be highly significant.
Thrombin and bradykinin enhance prostaglandin production in human peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Lerner Ulf H. , Sahlberg Karin , Ljunggren Östen
Published: April 2006

Thrombin and bradykinin stimulate production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α (the stable breakdown product of prostacyclin) in isolated human peripheral blood monocytes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Since PGE2 and prostacyclin can affect the activity of immunocompetent cells and bone resorbing osteoclasts, our finding indicates that thrombin and bradykinin, both of which are formed in inflammatory processes as a consequence of activation of the Hageman factor (coagulation factor XII), may have important roles in the modulation of the inflammatory response and the loss of alveolar bone in periodontitis.
Histologic changes associated with the use of loose and portion‐bag packed Swedish moist snuff: a comparative study
Authors: Andersson Gunilla , Axéll Tony , Larsson Ake
Published: April 2006

This study was to identify histologic tissue changes in the oral mucosa and to compare them in specimens from users of loose can‐packed and portion‐bag‐packed moist snuff. The material consisted of biopsies from 252 regular snuff users, 184 using exclusively loose and 68 portion‐bag snuff. An array of structural changes appearing in different combinations were identified among the 252 specimens. Two major patterns were recognized based on changes in the surface layer. Type 1 was characterized by an increased epithelial thickness with vacoulated cells and frequent chevron type changes. Type 2 showed a variably thickened surface layer with evidence of keratinization. Based on these findings, 14 carefully matched pairs of loose and portion‐bag users were analyzed and compared. Loose snuff users showed predominately histologic Type 1 changes while portion‐bag users showed more histologic Type 2 or only very discrete changes.
Immunohistochemical localization of Leu‐M1 carbohydrate antigen in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Teng Y.T. , Nadimi H. , Toto P.O.
Published: April 2006

Twenty‐six biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinomas were examined by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method for the presence of an epithelial cell membrane bound lacto‐N‐fucopentaose III, known also as Leu‐M1 or Lex antigen. In normal oral epithelium, Leu‐M1 antigen was expressed on keratinizing epithelia in the stratum spinosum. In well‐differentiated carcinomas the antigen was found on the cell membrane of nucleate cells in infiltrating epithelial islands. Such pattern in moderately welland in poorly differentiated carcinomas was minimally expressed and was associated with flattened squamous cells or otherwise recorded negative. Leu‐M, antigen immunoreactivity in normal oral epithelia and in carcinomas was comparable to that of blood group H‐2 chain that were examined. It was concluded that the intensity of the reaction parallels the magnitude of differentiation of epithelia. Leu‐M1 antigen can serve as a marker of differentiation in oral squamous epithelium.
High levels of oral yeasts in early HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Tylenda Carolyn A. , Larsen Janne , Yeh Chih‐Ko , Lane H. Clifford , Fox. Philip C.
Published: April 2006

Ten human immunedeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infected homosexual or bisexual individuals (ages 24–45) with no history of opportunistic infection were examined, by culture, for the presence of yeasts in whole saliva and on oral mucosa. All were HIV‐1 antibody‐positive men, non‐smokers, non‐denture wearers, and taking no medication. The mean salivary level of yeast was four logs higher in the HIV‐1 infected group compared to a control group of normal, unmedicated, non‐smoking men (ages 20–41) who denied any risk behavior for HIV‐1 infection. Identification of the yeast in these HIV‐1 positive individuals established that Canida albicans was the predominant species found in whole saliva and on buccal mucosa and tongue. Distinct hyphae were observed with only one mucosal sample. No significant correlation was found between whole saliva yeast concentration and the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratios or absolute number of T4 cells. No correlation was observed between oral yeast concentration and anti‐C. albicans IgA titers. The high level of oral yeast in these individuals prior to the development of opportunistic infections is consistent with the suggestion that oral defense mechanisms are compromised in individuals following HIV‐1 infection.
Ossifying fibroma of the mandible and maxilla: review of 18 cases
Authors: Sciubba James J. , Younai Fariba
Published: April 2006

A clinical, radiographic, histologic and follow up study of 18 cases of ossifying fibroma involving the mandible and maxilla was performed. Differences in behavior and management according to age, location, radiographic appearance and histopathology were not evident. A wide range of microscopic findings within and between cases was evident, while the radiographic finding consisting of sharp delineation was consistent in all cases. The presence or absence of cementum or cementum‐like material and various types of formed elements was likewise of little clinical significance. Finally, a potential source of the neoplastic cell from the periodontal apparatus may help explain the range of histologic findings.
lnterleukin‐2 mediated regulation of mitogen‐activated T cell reactivity from different lymphoid sources in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Murali P. S. , Somasundaram R. , Rao R. S. , Fakih A. R. , Gangal S. G.
Published: April 2006

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with oral cancer (treated and untreated), oral leukoplakia and healthy donors; lymphocytes from metastatic and non‐metastatic lymph nodes (met LNL and non‐met LNL); and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were tested for proliferative response to mitogen PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and its augmentation by recombinant Interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2), for expression of Tac antigen (CD25) and for production of IL‐2. Depressed PHA responses were found in PEL of treated and untreated patients, and in TIL. Addition of IL‐2 could bring about 16% to 31% augmentation in lymphocyte response to PHA from all the three sources. PEL from 50% of healthy donors, 45% of patients with leukoplakia, 25% untreated oral cancer patients and 35% treated oral cancer patients showed IL‐2 mediated augmentation of PHA response. While, 40% non‐met LNL samples, 70% met LNL samples and only 23% TIL samples showed increased mitogen induced proliferation by IL‐2. The augmented levels of PHA response of PEL from treated and untreated patients, and of TIL, were still below those of normal PEL. PEL from patients with leukoplakia, treated oral cancer patients and TIL showed depressed CD25 antigen expression. Depressed IL‐2 production was observed only in PEL of leukoplakia patients. Thus the IL‐2 mediated events of T cell activation from different lymphoid sources in patients with oral cancer did not correlate with their proliferative responses.
Infantile fibrosarcoma in the mandible: case report
Authors: Bang G. , Baardsen R. , Gilhuus‐Moe O.
Published: April 2006

A case of an infantile fibrosarcoma in the mandible is described. The primary tumor was seen in a 2.5 yr‐old boy. In spite of repeated surgical interventions the tumor recurred five times during a 15‐yr period, but no metastases have been observed. The difficulty in arriving at a correct histopathologic diagnosis on an unusual tumor in the oral region is demonstrated by the fact that 16 consulted pathologists suggested a long list of different tumors. The treatment of choice seems to be radical surgery. The patient has remained well and without recurrence for the last 7 yr.
Regulation of bone cell metabolism
Authors: Hagel‐Bradway S. , Dziak R.
Published: April 2006

Bone formation and resorption are normal physiologic processes. In pathologic states such as in periodontal disease or osteoporosis a shift in the balance of these two processes occurs, resulting in a net loss of mineralized tissue. Osteoclasts have historically been considered to be the primary bone resorbing cells, but current research has lead to the hypothesis that osteoblastic cells play an integral role in bone resorption as well. It appears that osteoblasts respond to bone resorbing agents via a series of intracellular responses after interactions with specific surface receptors. Two basic pathways involving different “second messengers” have been identified. The first pathway involves cyclic 3′, 5’adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and the second involves membrane phospholipids, diacylglycerol and calcium. A cytosolic enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC), has been shown to affect both cAMP as well as calcium fluxes and may act to regulate both these pathways. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss current studies and hypotheses concerning the nature of mechanisms involved in regulation of bone metabolism with emphasis on second messenger systems. Information of this nature is critical to the development of rationale regarding diagnosis, treatment and management of systemic and local pathoses of bone.
Clinical, histologic and scanning electron microscopic study of the development of chronic candidiasis of the rat tongue
Authors: Allen Carl M. , Paulson Ruth , Duncan Rebecca
Published: April 2006

In order to examine the development of the chronic candidal lesion of the dorsal rat tongue, 210 rats were given a single oral inoculum of Candida albicans on Day 0 and were sequentially killed over a 20‐wk period. Dorsal tongue changes were evaluated using clinical photographs, histologic sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clinically evident lesions became apparent at 2 wk post‐inoculation, and inflammatory changes of the underlying connective tissue were observed by 3 wk post‐inoculation. SEM showed a gradient of destruction of the dorsal tongue papillae at the periphery of the candidal lesions. Hyphae were seen infrequently on the lesional surface by SEM, a finding which correlated with the light microscopy.
Variant sublines with different metastatic potentials selected in nude mice from human oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Momose Fumio , Araida Toshio , Negishi Akihide , Ichijo Hidenori , Shioda Shigetoshi , Sasaki Satoshi
Published: April 2006

Variant sublines LMF3, LMF4 and LMF5 with high metastatic potential were established from a human oral squamous carcinoma cell line HSC‐3. These sublines metastasized to the draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice. They were obtained by sequential selection in vivo from the parent HSC‐3. At each step, the cells which metastasized to lymph nodes were cultured and reinoculated into nude mice. Two other cell lines HSC‐2 and HSC‐4 were also established from other patients, that had neither invasive nor metastatic potential. Biologic properties were compared among high metastatic, low metastatic and non‐metastatic cells. Metastatic cells grew rapidly and invaded into surrounding tissues at the inoculated site. The incidence of pulmonary colonization after intravenous injection of tumor cells was high in selected variants. Metastatic cells formed diffuse colonies in type I collagen matrix and had a higher tendency to adhere to type IV collagen network.
Acinic cell carcinoma of salivary glands: 16 cases with clinicopathologic correlation
Authors: Guimaraes Diva S. , Amaral Ana P. , Prado Lygia F. , Nascimento Antonio G.
Published: April 2006

Sixteen cases of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands were studied and their different clinicopathologic aspects were analysed. ACC occurred more frequently in the 5th and 6th decades of life, and was seen exclusively in major salivary glands. The main complaint of the patients was the presence of a mass, and the majority of the tumors were Stage III and IV when first seen in our institution. The tumors were divided into three histologic grades based on cellular pleomorphism, mitotic activity, and necrosis. This study showed correlation between prognosis and grading. Other important factors in the prognosis were the type of treatment and the duration of symptoms. Surgical resection with free margins is the treatment of choice.
Ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Chaudhry Anand P. , Cutler Leslie S. , Leifer Calvin , Labay Gerald , Satchidanand Sateesh , Yamane George M.
Published: April 2006

This electronmicroscope study of the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is based on 15 cases from the major and minor salivary glands. Six major cell types were identified: undifferentiated (cuboid) stem cells, intermediate (columnar) cells, serous/mucoid secretory cells, mucus‐producing goblet cells, squamous/epidermoid cells and myoepithelium. It is proposed that undifferentiated stem cells serve as pluripotential reserves which give rise to the various cell types seen in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the acinar‐intercalated duct components of the salivary glands appeared to give rise to the serous/mucoid and myoepithelial cell populations of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Reserve cells in the proximal ducts system (intra/extralobular striated ducts and excretory ducts) differentiated into myoepithelium, intermediate (columnar) cells, squamous/epidermoid and mucus‐producing goblet cell lines. It is proposed that neoplastic reserve cells give rise to different tumor types in the salivary glands. These types result from varying admixtures and arrangements of tumor cells at different stages of their structural and functional cytodifferentiation from reserve cells. It is further proposed that neoplastic reserve cells differentiate along similar cell lines as the embryonic “stem cells” in the development of normal salivary glands.
In situ detection of human papillomavirus Types 13 and 32 in focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa
Authors: Henke Rolf‐Peter , Guérin‐Reverchon Isabelle , Milde‐Langosch Karin , Koppang Hanna Strömme , Löning Thomas
Published: April 2006

17 cases of focal epithelial hyperplasia of the oral mucosa (FEH, Heck's disease) were investigated for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acid sequences by means of in situ DNA hybridization using biotinylated DNA probes of HPV types 1, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, and 32. Ten of 17 cases were positive for HPV 13 DNA in contrast to 6 of 17 positive cases obtained after application of the HPV 32 probe, with a double infection in one case. The results of our study suggest, that HPV 13 and HPV 32 are very specifically found in lesions of FEH and can be detected in a high percentage of cases using in situ hybridization.
Verapamil‐induced gingival overgrowth: a clinical, histologic, and biochemic approach
Authors: Pernu Hilkka E. , Oikarinen Kyösti , Hietanen Jarkko , Knuuttila Matti
Published: April 2006

Verapamil‐induced overgrowth was most prominent in the anterior regions and interproximal areas associated with plaque retention. Despite periodontal therapy, overgrowths recurred 1 month after gingivectomy. Discontinuation of the drug resulted in regression of the overgrowths. Histologic findings showed inflamed connective tissue covered by an acanthotic, thickened oral epithelium with long rate pegs containing dyskeratotic pearls. The proliferation rate and protein and collagen production of fibroblasts from the overgrowth sites were markedly lower than in the control cells cultured from healthy gingiva. Incubation of fibroblasts in the presence of veraparnil reduced protein and collagen synthesis.
Relationship of abnormalities in dental and skeletal development in the osteopetrotic (os) rabbit
Authors: Popoff S. N. , Marks S. C.
Published: April 2006

Osteopetrosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone resorption of heterogenous cause. The rabbit mutation is lethal and exhibits ultrastructural aberrations in osteoclasts and osteoblasts together with hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and failure to be cured by bone marrow transplantation. We have studied dental abnormalities in mutants from birth to 3 wk using radiographic, cytologic and autoradiographic methods. Radiographs show hypoplasia of most teeth in mutants. The maxillary incisor is smaller and more curved and the mandibular incisor thin and straight compared to normal littermates. The first 3 molars in both arches are unerupted and of distorted shape while the last 2 are less affected. Microscopically areas of ankylosis of mutant incisors and the first 3 molars were commonly encountered even at birth. Osteoclasts were numerous. Autoradiograms of 3H‐proline incorporation showed strong periosteal and weak endosteal labeling of bone in both mutants and normal littermates. Dentin labeling in mutant incisors and molars was not less than that in normal rabbits and sites of ankylosis in mutants exhibited labeling. These data indicate that osteopetrotic rabbits exhibit major aberrations in shape and eruption of incisors and most molars and that these effects are not due to lack of dentin formation. Early ankylosis, perhaps secondary to congenital reduction of bone resorption, appears to be the major cause of the dental abnormalities which are less severe in the youngest (posterior) teeth.
Lingual fibrosarcoma induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene in the rat
Authors: Perrin C. , Astre C. , Broquerie E. , Aubert B. Saint , Joyeux H.
Published: April 2006

A single injection of 5 mg of 7, 12‐dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) resulted in a high incidence of lingual fibrosarcoma in 67 Wistar rats. No metastases were found. We studied the influence of age and sex on the incidence, latency of tumors, loss of weight and the spontaneous survival of animals. The method described offers an experimental model for the study of cachexia resulting from upper digestive and respiratory tract cancer.
Vesiculo‐bullous mucocutaneous disease: benign mucous membrane and bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Williams D. M.
Published: April 2006

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) are autoimmune diseases characterised by subepithelial bulla formation and showing substantial overlap in clinical signs and symptoms. BP principally involves skin and BMMP the oral mucosa and eyes. The gingiva are affected in 90% of cases of BMMP and buccal mucosa and palate in up to 30%. Lesions may heal with scarring. Extension into the pharynx and esophagus causes sore throat and dysphagia. Severe ocular involvement may cause blindness. Bulla formation is attributed to complement activation, following IgG binding to the basement membrane zone, with subsequent polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation. The target antigen in BP is a 180–230 kD protein associated with the basilar membrane of basal keratinocytes. The gene encoding the BP antigen has been partially cloned. It is likely that the same antigen is involved in BMMP, but the mechanism of scarring is not understood. Treatment of BP and BMMP includes systemic steroid and azathioprine therapy and topical steroids.
Evaluation of oral and laryngeal specimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by dot blot hybridization
Authors: Greer Robert O. , Douglas John M. , Breese Paula , Crosby Louise K.
Published: April 2006

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is increasingly associated with mucosal cancers, in particular, cancer of the cervix. The present investigation was undertaken in an attempt to determine whether the Virapap human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection kit, originally designed for identification of HPV in exfoliated cervical cells could be employed in detection of HPV in biopsies of oral and laryngeal tissue samples, specifically oral squamous cell carcinomas, epithelial dysplasias, smokeless tobacco keratoses, and laryngeal papillomatosis. The ViraPap HPV DNA detection assay was found to be useful for HPV DNA identification in tissue samples from oral and laryngeal specimens.
Amalgam associated mercury accumulations in normal oral mucosa, oral mucosal lesions of lichen planus and contact lesions associated with amalgam
Authors: Bolewska J. , Holmstrup P. , Møller‐Madsen B. , Kenrad B. , Danscher G.
Published: April 2006

Fourty‐three patients with oral mucosal lesions were divided into 3 groups based on the relationship between lesions and amalgam restorations. Group I consisted of patients with contact lesions confined to mucosal areas in contact with amalgam fillings. Group II patients had lichen planus lesions exceeding the area of contact with an amalgam filling and Group III comprised patients with lichen planus lesions without relation to amalgam fillings. Biopsies were embedded in epon and subjected to autometallography in order to demonstrate a possible accumulation of mercury in the affected mucosa. In 20 our of 21 patients in Group I, 4 of 11 patients in Group II and 4 of 11 patients in Group III, mercury was found in the lysosomes of macrophages and fibroblasts. In Group I the number of celles loaded with mercury was much higher than in Group II and in particular Group III. In the latter groups autometallographically demonstrated mercury was found almost exclusively in macrophages. Nineteen biopsies taken from patients with normal mucosa served as controls. Ten had occlusal (Group IV) and seven buccal fillings (Group V). The biopsies from the latter group were taken from areas opposing amalgam restorations. Two patients had no amalgam fillings (Group VI). The histochemical technique showed that three biopsies in Group IV (occlusal fillings only) and two in Group V (opposing buccal fillings) contained traces of mercury in the juxtaepithelial connective tissue. The silver enhanced mercury was found in macrophages. The two controls (Group VI) without amalgam fillings were devoid of precipitates. Thus, the present study documents for the first time 1) that mercury is taken up by the lesioned oral mucosal membrane, 2) that under certain, at present unknown, conditions mercury can also penetrate the intact oral mucosa without causing clinical or histopathologic changes.
Autoantibodies to keratin in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Saku T. , Shibata Y. , Cheng J. , Okabe H. , Ikari N. , Yagi Y.
Published: April 2006

In order to determine which components of the salivary duct cells are recognized by the antisalivary duct antibodies, sera of patients with Sjögren's syndrome were screened for immunoreactivity to keratin by using an ELISA test and a Western blot analysis. The autoantibodies which reacted with keratin were demonstrated in 8 of 9 definite cases of Sjögren's syndrome and in 3 of 6 probable cases, and they reacted with different keratin peptides in each case. The results suggest that the antisalivary duct antibodies include antibodies against keratin, which exists ubiquitously as a cytoskeleton in the salivary gland epithelial cells. Detection of antikeratin antibody might be a useful aid for diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
Primary herpes simplex virus (type 1) infection delays healing of oral excisional and extraction wounds in the rat
Authors: Hedner E. , Vahlne A. , Hirsch J‐M.
Published: April 2006

The effect of acute herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection on the healing process of intraoral wounds and tooth extraction sockets in the rat was studied. A standardized size of the buccal mucosa was excised and molars were extracted and a HSV‐1 suspension was topically applied. The virus infected wounds were clinically characterized by erythema and swelling and histologically by heavy inflammation cell infiltrate and abscesses during the first week. The acute HSV‐l infection was found to significantly delay healing of both types of wounds by 3 days. Antiviral treatment with acyclovir (ACV) decreased the degree of inflammation and improved healing of the infected wounds. The present results indicate a delayed and disturbed healing of wounds in the oral cavity in the presence of HSV‐1. The findings may have a clinical significance for primary or latent HSV‐1 infections in conjunction with surgical intervention in the oral cavity.
Mucositis prevention by selective elimination of oral flora in irradiated head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Spijkervet F. K. L. , van Saene H. K. F. , van Saene J. J. M. , Panders A. K. , Vermey A. , Mehta D. M.
Published: April 2006

Mucositis induced by irradiation is the reactive inflammatory‐like process of the oropharyngeal mucous membranes following irradiation. Bacteria colonizing the oral tissues are thought to contribute to this inflammatory process. The eradication of Gram‐negative bacilli (selective elimination of oral flora) in fifteen comparably irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be associated with a significant reduction in mucositis compared with two groups of 15 patients receiving either placebo or chlorhexidine rinsing. Criteria used were the extent of local mucosits signs (mucositis score), as well as generalized side‐effects such as the need of nasogastric tube feedings following severe feeding problems. Mucositis signs were confined to erythema only in all selectively decontaminated patients. No pseudomembranes were observed and artificial feeding was completely prevented. These promising results need further confirmation in larger (multicenter) studies.
Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa: effect of smoking
Authors: Ogden G. R. , Cowpe J. G. , Green M. W.
Published: April 2006

The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral mucosa was assessed through the application of quantitative cytomorphometric analysis to smears obtained from clinically normal buccal mucosa. The nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic (CA) area of cells within each smear were measured using a Vids V semi‐automatic image analysis system. Mean values for NA (smokers – 78.74 μm2, non‐smokers – 72.28 μm2 and for CA (smokers – 3273.9 μm2, non‐smokers – 3098.96 μm2) were obtained. A two‐sample t‐test revealed a significant elevation in NA for smokers, but no significant variation in CA between the two groups. These results would suggest that for normal buccal mucosa smoking does appear to influence cytomorphology.
Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity
Authors: Görögh T. , Eickbohm J. E. , Ewers R. , Lippert B.
Published: April 2006

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes in human epithelial cells from squamous cell carcinomas and healthy tissues of the oral cavity of five patients were analyzed using isoelectric focussing. A new basic isoenzyme and high LDH‐7 and LDH‐9 activity were found in tumor cells in contrast to epithelial cells of adjoining nontumor tissue. These findings indicate that gradual changes in the percentage distribution of LDH isoenzymes may represent a useful parameter of disease activity in patients with squamous cell carcinomas.
Dental histology in familial expansile osteolysis
Authors: Mitchell Christina A. , Kennedy J. G. , Owens P. D. A.
Published: April 2006

The dental histopathology is described of patients suffering from Familial Expansile Osteolysis (FEO), a rare and unique autosomal dominant disease which has severe bony as well as dental consequences. The predominant dental features are resorption of the cervical and apical regions of the roots, premature depositions both of irregular secondary dentin, which causes narrowing of the pulp cavities, and of cellular cementum, which causes patchy narrowing of the periodontal ligament. The dental pulp shows age‐like changes, including multiple pulp stones and the ligament vasculature appears to be abnormal. Evidence for involvement of enamel is equivocal. This combination of dental effects together with the bony lesions distinguishes the disease from idiopathic external resorption of either the single or multiple kind, despite similarities in the histopathology of the resorptive lesions; and from other non‐hereditary and hereditary osteolytic diseases.
A case‐control study of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the etiologic role of areca nut
Authors: Sinor P. N. , Gupta P. C. , Murti P. R. , Bhonsle R. B. , Daftary D. K. , Mehta F. S. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: April 2006

A case‐control study to elucidate the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis was conducted in Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Sixty consecutively arriving oral submucous fibrosis patients at a dental clinic were selected as cases. An equal number of controls matched for age, sex, religion and socioeconomic status were selected from individuals who did not exhibit any oral mucosal lesion or condition. Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6. Areca nut chewing was practiced most commonly in the form of mawa: a mixture containing mainly areca nut (over 90% by weight), some tobacco, and a few drops of lime. Mawa chewers and those who chewed mawa along with other chewing habits showed very high relative risks. The relative risks increased with increase in the frequency as well as the duration of chewing habits. In a bivariate analysis the effect of frequency and duration of chewing appeared to be multiplicative. The present findings confirm areca nut as the most important etiologic factor in oral submucous fibrosis.
Histopathologic study of epithelial components in the connective tissue wall of unilocular type of calcifying odontogenic cyst
Authors: Takeda Y. , Suzuki A. , Yamamoto H.
Published: April 2006

Histopathologic study of satellite cysts and odontogenic epithelial islands in connective tissue wall of unilocular type of calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) was made. The material was 13 cases consisting of 3 simple unicystic COCs, 9 odontome producing COCs and 1 ameloblastomatous proliferating COC. Satellite cysts were found in 6 cases, and were histologically classified into following types: simple cystic, odontome producing and ameloblastomatous. Histologic types of satellite cysts did not coincide with those of main cystic lesions in some cases. Odontogenic epithelial islands with or without proliferating feature were found in 9 cases, and were found in all cases with satellite cysts. Melanin and melanocytes were seen in an ameloblastomatous satellite cysts of 1 of 3 pigmented COCs.
Quantification of plasma cells in labial salivary glands: increased expression of IgM in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Speight P. M. , Cruchley A. , Williams D. M.
Published: April 2006

Plasma cells expressing IgG, IgA and IgM were quantified in labial salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and compared with glands showing non‐specific inflammatory changes and normal controls. In all glands the predominant isotype was IgA but in SS there was a significant increase in both the number and proportions of IgG and IgM positive cells (P> 0.002). In particular, all SS cases contained greater than 10% IgM positive cells (mean = 26.8± 15.5). The results suggest that accumulation of IgM positive plasma cells may be a specific finding in SS and support the concept that the glandular lesions may be a site of B‐cell clonal expansion. Since most B‐cell hyperproliferative states in SS, including lymphoma, are associated with synthesis of IgM simple quantification of plasma cells may have important diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Histologic assessment of the submandibular glands in autoimmune‐disease‐prone mice
Authors: Scott J. , Wolff A. , Fox P. C.
Published: April 2006

Submandibular glands were examined from three autoimmune‐disease‐prone strains of mice (NZB/W, MRL/1 and MRL/n) and controls (C57BL/6J). Focal lymphocytic adenitis was more prevalent and more severe in autoimmune‐disease‐prone strains than controls and in females than males. Lymphocytic foci were more frequent in older age groups, but female MRL/1 mice exhibited high levels of focal lymphocytic adenitis irrespective of age. Salivary parenchyma was generally well preserved. In the strain‐age groups with the highest focal lymphocytic scores proportional acinar volumes were significantly less than in controls. However, the proportion of acinar tissue showed no consistent relation to the severity of focal lymphocytic adenitis across all strains and age groups of either sex. Sexual dimorphism in granular duct prominence was weakened in NZB/W and MRL/1 strains compared to controls.
Fatty acid composition of clinically healthy and malignant oral epithelium
Authors: Macleod R. I. , Cassidy D. , Laker M. F. , Soames J. V.
Published: April 2006

The fatty acid composition of epithelium from clinically healthy oral mucosa and of oral squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed by gas/liquid chromatography following extraction using a modified Folch technique and conversion of fatty acids to methyl esters. There were significant reductions in the relative proportions of palmitoleic and oleic acids and elevation of the relative proportions of palmitic, stearic and arachidonic acids in samples from squamous cell carcinoma. These differences could reflect changes in cell membranes and/or fatty acid metabolism. Further studies are required to assess their functional, diagnostic and prognostic significance.