bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab initio modeling of Raman and infrared spectra of calcite
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Kalinin N. , Saleev V. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

Calcite is the most thermodynamically stable polymorphic phase of the CaCO3 crystal. It is widely used in modern optical instruments operating in the infrared and visible wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. In particular, due to its anisotropic properties, calcite is used in polarization optics devices. Ab initio quantum mechanical modeling of the Raman and infrared spectra of calcite makes it possible to better understand the structure and nature of the chemical bonds of the compound, and find the optimal conditions for the effective use of unique properties of calcite in photonics tools. The calculations are performed within the framework of the density functional theory in the CRYSTAL program, using the “hybrid” B3LYP functional and the all-electronic bases of the STO-6G, PO-TZVP and BSD atomic orbitals of the Gaussian type. The obtained results for the elastic constants, Raman and infrared spectra of calcite agree satisfactorily with the available experimental data for the basic sets of POB-TZVP and BSD.
Comparison of the capabilities of histograms and a method of ranged amplitudes in noise analysis of single-photon detectors
Authors:   Kazan Quantum Center, KNRTU-KAI, Perminov N. ,   Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov M. ,   Kazan Quantum Center, KNRTU-KAI, Nigmatullin R. ,   Department of Radio-Electronics and Information-Measuring Technique, KNRTU-KAI, Talipov A. ,   Kazan Quantum Center, KNRTU-KAI, Moiseev A. ,   Kazan Quantum Center, KNRTU-KAI,   Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2018

A comparative analysis of the method of histograms and the sequence of the ranged amplitudes (SRA) for statistical parametrization of the operation regime of a single-photon avalanche photodetector has been performed. It was shown that in addition to providing all the information that can be obtained using the histogram method, the SRA method also provides a quick and robust description of the dark counts of the detector for a shorter (compared to histograms) noise sample of ~103 points. The revealed advantages open prospects for introducing the SRA method in the software of high-sensitivity photodetectors.
A non-coherent holographic correlator based on a digital micromirror device
Authors:   National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Rodin V.
Published: July 2018

The possibility of application of a digital micromirror device (DMD) as a spatial light modulator for outputting holographic filters in an optical correlator illuminated by quasi-monochromatic spatially incoherent radiation was discussed. The experimental setup of the optical correlator was assembled using a one-lens scheme. Experiments on the recognition of test objects with the synthesized dynamic holographic filters being output onto the DMD were performed. The results obtained allow one to conclude that object recognition can be successfully performed using the proposed scheme of a non-coherent correlator containing a digital micromirror device.
A four-sector polarization converter integrated in a calcite crystal
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Karpeev S. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Podlipnov V. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Khonina S. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Paranin V. ,   Samara National Research University, Reshetnikov A. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

A new approach to the implementation of sectorial plates for beam polarization conversion is proposed. Using a newly developed etching technology, a four-sector polarization converter integrated into a calcite crystal is implemented. A four-sector polarization converter, which provides a pairwise orthogonal polarization state of the sectors, is fabricated and experimentally characterized. A comparison is made of inter-sector joints of the integrated converter with those of a converter composed of individual wave-plate fragments. Analysis of the spectral properties of such a converter is carried out, wavelengths at which the necessary polarization conversion takes place are determined. The quasi-periodic repetition of phase matching conditions is experimentally shown to slow down with increasing wavelength.
Backward flow of energy for an optical vortex with arbitrary integer topological charge
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kovalev A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

We analyze the sharp focusing of an arbitrary optical vortex with the integer topological charge m and circular polarization in an aplanatic optical system. Explicit formulas to describe all projections of the electric and magnetic fields near the focal spot are derived. Expressions for the near-focus intensity (energy density) and energy flow (projections of the Pointing vector) are also derived. The expressions derived suggest that for a left-hand circularly polarized optical vortex with m > 2, the on-axis backward flow is equal to zero, growing in the absolute value as a power 2(m – 2) of the radial coordinate. These relations also show that upon the negative propagation, the energy flow rotates around the optical axis.
Comparison of focusing of short pulses in the Debye approximation
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC ", Khonina S. ,   Crystallography and Photonics",   RAS,   Samara National Research University, Ustinov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Volotovsky S. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS
Published: July 2018

We have examined different types of pulses and features of their frequency spectra. Calculations have shown that a significant distinction between the pulses only takes place at a very short pulse duration (shorter than the oscillation period). In this case, the Gaussian pulse becomes nonphysical and one needs to use other types of pulses, for example, the Poisson pulse. We performed comparative modeling of focusing of short pulses by an aplanatic lens for different polarization states and vortex singularity orders in the Debye approximation. We have shown that the polarization state and the presence of vortex phase singularity essentially affect the distribution in the focal area for a subcycle Poisson pulse.
Digital watermarking method based on heteroassociative image compression and its realization with artificial neural networks
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Sirota A. , Dryuchenko M. ,   Voronezh State University, Mitrofanova E. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we present a digital watermarking method and associated algorithms that use a heteroassociative compressive transformation to embed a digital watermark bit sequence into blocks (fragments) of container images. A principal feature of the proposed method is the use of the heteroassociative compressing transformation – a mutual mapping with the compression of two neighboring image regions of an arbitrary shape. We also present the results of our experiments, namely the dependencies of quality indicators of thus created digital watermarks, which show the container distortion level, and the probability of digital watermark extraction error. In the final section, we analyze the performance of the proposed digital watermarking algorithms under various distortions and transformations aimed at destroying the hidden data, and compare these algorithms with the existing ones.
REHABILITATION AS THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCTION ON THE CRIMINAL CASE AGAINST THE DEAD
Authors: Meshcheryakova Ju. O.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with rehabilitation as the purpose of criminal case after the death of the suspect (accused). The relevance of the study is determined by the need to protect the honor and good name of the deceased, to preserve a worthy relationship to it. Rehabilitation is considered by the author as one of the ways of such protection, in connection with which it is the sole purpose of the proceedings in the criminal case against the deceased. The topic is revealed through the analysis of the content of rehabilitation institute. The author comes to the conclusion that for a deceased, rehabilitation consists in recognizing him as innocent of the commission of a crime, by adopting an appropriate criminal procedural act (verdict, resolution, determination). The legal consequence of such recognition is the emergence of close relatives of the deceased or other interested persons of the right to seek the restoration of a good name and a good memory of the deceased, as well as the right to seek redress for harm caused by unlawful and unreasonable criminal prosecution of the deceased.
COOPERATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND SELF-GOVERNMENT AS A PRINCIPLE OF ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: Esmantovich E. I.
Published: July 2018

The study of problematic issues of development of existing legal forms of selforganization of municipalities as self-governing bodies, and their interaction with public authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating at the grassroots level, is a long-standing object of scientific research of scientists. The article considers the directions of interaction between local authorities and selfgovernment of the Republic of Belarus, analyzes the legislation in this area. The author analyzes different types of relations between the authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating in the sphere of realization of the right of citizens to form authorities through elections, and local governments. At the present stage of development of the Republic of Belarus, the level of democracy plays an increasingly important role, which is characterized, among other things, by the degree of interaction between government bodies and local self-government bodies, and the influence of local self-government bodies, as an institution of civil society, on the process of formation of public power. This is due to the fact that local self-government is the closest to the population level of public authority, and thereby implements the constitutional right to participate in the governance of state. According to the results of the research the list of separate types of forms of interaction of designated subjects of power and administrative relations is offered. The theoretical conclusions presented in the paper can become the basis for improving the mechanism of interaction of public authorities in the face of local government bodies with local authorities.
RELATION BETWEEN INITIAL SOURCE OF LAW, SOURCE OF LAW AND FORM OF LAW ACCORDING TO WILLED LAW-MAKING CONCEPT
Authors: Spirin M. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The author analyzes some limitations of the monistic and pluralistic approaches to the problem of correlation between the source of law and the form of law. The logical construction of interaction between the initial source of law, the source of law and the form of law as interrelated and independent categories according to willed law-making concept is proposed. The initial sources of law are determined as the objectively existing and affecting subjects of law-making factors. The source of law is an external expression (outside action) of the will of law-making activity`s subject at the moment of making a decision to create norms of law and fixing them within a certain form. As a form of law is understood the formal (formalized) shell of grouped norms of law; this shell is necessary for the subsequent realization of law and its interpretation. This linear logical construction of the categories initial source of law source of law form of law can be used to create potential unification of some theoretical and practical positions on the appropriate issues.
FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Osetrov S. A.
Published: July 2018

In the article the functions of the President of Russia in the system of realization of public authority are observed and classification of those functions is offered. The author of the article distinguishes in the first place traditional representational function of the President of Russia, and secondly indicates the presence of specific functions of the head of the Russian country, connected with the coordination of public authorities and arbitration of public authorities in case of political conflicts. Thirdly, function of public administration that is realized by specific inherent presidential power methods, is observed. Meanwhile the author take an attempt to distinguish executive power and presidential power in the system of public administration. So that it is supposed that presidential power have an authority to moderate the executive power. The author of the article comes to the conclusion of the independent political and law nature of the functions of presidential power, that are not peculiar to the other branches of power.
TERRITORIAL DISPUTES IN THE EAST CHINA SEA
Authors: Dimitrijević D.
Published: July 2018

The issue of territorial delineation in the East China Sea has a geo-economics significance due to the presence of rich energy sources as well as to the intertwined interests of the coastal states and the interests of the United States, that, for strategic reasons, tends to maintain its political and military presence and control. In the last decade, China, Taiwan and Japan have intensified their territorial demands in the East China Sea over the islands that the Chinese call Diaoyu, Taiwanese Diaoyutai, and the Japanese Senkaku (hereinafter: Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands). Due to the increasingly visible escalation in mutual relations arising from different points of view regarding the sovereignty of these islands and different approaches in terms of determining the boundaries of exclusive economic zones and continental shelves, where no party wants to make concessions to the other party, the application of international law seems an inevitable mechanism for overcoming territorial disputes. In this regard, the study deals with the possibilities to resolve territorial disputes in the East China Sea in order to achieve sustainable legal solutions that would be in accordance with the international law of the sea, and whose application would ensure peace and stability in this part of the world.
EMPOWERING THE PARTICIPATION OF ENTREPRENEURS IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
Authors: Shmeleva M. V.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the issues of equal opportunities for participation in public procurement. Many public procurement systems are based on the principle of equality of persons involved in procurement. Equality can serve not only as a means to achieve various objectives of the public procurement system, such as the development of fair competition, preventing corruption and other abuses and meeting the needs of legal entities (customers) in goods, works, services with the necessary price, quality and reliability, but also to be objectively present in the procurement process as an independent right. One of the main problems related to the principle of equal treatment is that this principle is often not sufficiently clearly defined by the legislator and it is not clear what role it should play in the procurement system it will only be a means for other purposes or a separate purpose in the procurement law. The author believes that the expansion of opportunities for participation in procurement is the basic task of the Institute of public procurement, which should be taken into account in the procurement procedures, as well as in the formation of the content and structure of the Russian legislation. The article reveals the meaning of the specified goal. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the procurement procedure, in which all interested persons have equal opportunities to participate, can act as a legal mechanism for the state customer to find the best conditions for the supply of goods, performance of work and provision of services.
LEGAL FORMS OF LABOR OF MINORS
Authors: Bronnikova M. N.
Published: July 2018

The state is interested in the strict regulation of the involvement of children in labor, especially at an early age. The paper concludes that there are more stringent requirements for the employment of juveniles in comparison with the employment of adults. The interdisciplinary nature of this article is due to the consideration in it of the peculiarities of organization of work of minors as by the conclusion of a civil law contract, and also the labor, student's contract, the use of labor in the passage of practice, on duty. It is established that, as a rule, by virtue of age, the minor performs work under the control and management of the customer, uses his property, and therefore the relations of performing work to minors are labor, not civil-law. Does not contradict the interests of the minor and the conclusion of the student's contract. However, in the context of modern legal regulation, it is not possible to make an unambiguous conclusion as to the legal nature of the student's contract with a minor who is looking for a job. The work concludes that for the conclusion of a student's contract with a minor, the permission and consent of the parents (guardians, trustees) and state (municipal) bodies is necessary. In detail, the article reveals socially significant issues of labor protection for a minor, including the obligation to conduct briefings, training, training in safe methods and methods of performing work, testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.
ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT DISEASES AS CIRCUMSTANCES MITIGATING PUNISHMENT
Authors: Norvartyan Yu. S.
Published: July 2018

On the basis of materials of modern litigation practice the author focuses on the problem of recognition of mitigating punishment circumstance as the presence at the perpetrator of socially significant diseases. The author comes to the conclusion, if the person at the time of commission of a crime was suffering socially significant disease, but by the time of sentencing recovered, enforcers also need to take this into account as a mitigating punishment, as specified circumstance significantly reduce the degree of public danger of committed crimes and are subject to mandatory accounting in sentencing. In addition, the specified condition is not subject to unconditional acceptance by the court as an attenuating circumstance. In case a person suffering from socially significant disease does not care about the health of others, leads a promiscuous sexual lifestyle, committing crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the person or other crimes related to the risk of infection victims socially dangerous diseases, you should not consider the presence of such diseases as the circumstance commuting punishment.
ESSAY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BAR IN RUSSIA
Authors: Iunoshev S. V.
Published: July 2018

The article examines the historical trends of the development of the Bar in Russia. The way of formation and development of a professional lawyer's representation from the origins of representation in the domestic legal process in the 15th century is traced, and up to the adoption of the current Russian law on advocacy in 2002. Complex and generally contradictory relationship between the state and legal profession throughout its existence is shown. Special attention is paid to the golden age of the Russian advocacy, which began after the Great Judicial Reform of Emperor Alexander II and lasted only half a century. In this connection, both the institution of sworn attorneys and the institute of private attorneys introduced later and causing a lot of criticism were subjected to analysis. Further, the thorny path of legal profession during the Soviet period of state and law from the Decree on Court No. 1 to the Regulation on the Bar of the RSFSR of 1980 is traced. The adoption of the current Federal Law On Advocacy in 2002 was due to radical changes in Russian society, which led to an increase in the demand for qualified legal assistance and the needs for effective protection of human rights and freedoms.
Модель организации НИОКР в области разработки интеллектуальных цифровых систем
Authors: Чичагов Александр Владимирович
Published: July 2018

В работе рассматривается модель организации и управления проектом/ процессом НИОКР как временным венчурным предприятием. Описывается жизненный цикл НИОКР в виде модифицированного цикла Шухарта — Деминга и технология «SxP», предназначенная для методологической и информационной поддержки разработки интеллектуальных цифровых систем. Кратко описывается информационное обеспечение НИОКР, а именно, состав пакетов проекта, шаблоны документации и проектирования артефактов цифровых систем.
Критерии применения Agile-методологии для управления проектом
Authors: Локтионов Давид Альбертович , Масловский Владимир Петрович
Published: July 2018

Данная статья предлагает критерии, позволяющие определить, возможно ли использование Agile-подхода к управлению тем или иным проектом. Рассматривается возможность применения популярного инструментария вне породившей его IT-сферы. Показаны основные особенности «гибкого» проектного управления и продемонстрировано развитие проектной методологии, где на данный момент сосуществует традиционный подход и «гибкий» инструментарий. Выявлены и обоснованы характеристики проектов, к которым может быть успешно применён Agile-подход. На основании исследования специфики IT-проектов, а также изучения развития методологии проектного менеджмента автором предложен подход, позволяющий отнести проект к традиционному или гибкому способу проектного управления. Полученная модель позволяют соотнести любой проект с представленными характеристиками и понять, насколько уместно применения Agile-подхода, вне зависимости от сферы проекта.
Клиентоориентированность: составляющие и особенности реализации в вузе
Authors: Дмитриева Наталья Владимировна , Габинская Ольга Сергеевна
Published: July 2018

Изложены результаты изучения термина «клиентоориентированность», предложенного российскими авторами, отмечена специфика клиентоориентированности на рынке образовательных услуг. В работе рассмотрены основные составляющие клиентоориентированности: товар / услуга, бизнес-процессы, персонал.
Определена главенствующая роль стандартов в системе клиентоориентированности предприятия и изучено их содержание. Раскрыты особенности с точки зрения их реализации в образовательном учреждении (высшее образование).
Формирование человеческого потенциала в условиях цифровизации сельскохозяйственного сектора экономики
Authors: Давыдова Елена Владимировна
Published: July 2018

В ближайшие лет пять произойдет повсеместное проникновение интернета и цифровых технологий в те отрасли, которые традиционно находились в оффлайн режиме. Это явление уже сейчас стремительно набирает обороты, что, в свою очередь, требует кардинально изменить походы к формированию новых знаний, умений и компетенций, являющихся основой человеческого потенциала, основываясь на современных требованиях цифровизации. На основании этого остро стоит вопрос определения сельского человеческого потенциала сельскохозяйственной отрасли, которая и без того страдает от дефицита высококвалифицированных специалистов. В результате целью настоящей работы является усовершенствование методики определения человеческого потенциала.
Материалы и методы: в ходе работы применялись абстрактно-логический и расчетно-конструктивный методы. Рассмотрены различные подходы зарубежных и отечественных авторов к определению понятий человеческие ресурсы, человеческий потенциал, человеческий капитал. Изучена методика определения индекса развития человеческого потенциала.
Результаты: автором предлагается усовершенствованная методика расчета индекса развития человеческого потенциала сельскохозяйственной отрасли.
Обсуждение: при оценке индекса развития человеческого потенциала сельскохозяйственной отрасли предложено ввести дополнительный индекс – индекс социальной надежности. Это обосновано тем, сельское хозяйство – это отрасль экономики, которая в основном относится к сельским территориям. Поэтому, рассматривая человеческий потенциал сельского хозяйства, необходимо учитывать социально-экономические условия сельской местности, как главной среды формирования человеческих ресурсов, являющихся носителями человеческого потенциала.
Заключение: расчеты показали, что сельские территории обладают человеческим потенциалом, который, в первую очередь, должен быть направлен на обеспечение сельскохозяйственной отрасли в условиях грядущей цифровизации производственных процессов и управления. Реализовать данную цель во многом возможно при тесном сотрудничестве таких институтов, как государство, наука и бизнес.
Общественное доверие как фактор цивилизованного развития общества
Authors: Косьмин Анатолий Данилович , Кузнецова Ольга Павловна , Косьмина Елена Анатольевна
Published: July 2018

Целью представленной работы является выявление объективных и субъективных обстоятельств, обусловливающих очень низкий уровень доверия населения власти ( в том числе и ее четвертой ветви) по сравнению с развитыми странами G7 и Юго-восточной Азии (НИС). Общественное доверие или недоверие рассматриваются в качестве функции так называемой дистанции (от) власти, введенной в научный оборот создателем теории культурных измерений нидерландским социологом Г. Хофстедем. Критическое восприятие обширной литературы по проблемам доверия, ставшего ключевым фактором достижения успехов во всех сферах человеческой деятельности (кстати, Петербургский международный экономический форум 2018 прошел под девизом «Экономика доверия»), подвигнуло авторов на уточнение некоторых методологических позиций, положенных в основу многочисленных исследований.
Во-первых, экономическим критерием определения обществ (стран) с большой дистанцией от власти следовало бы признать не значения коэффициента Джини ≥0.4-0.5, свидетельствующие всего лишь о степени концентрации доходов населения, а коэффициент дифференциации населения по доходам (отношение доходов 10% самых богатых к доходом 10% самых бедных).
Во-вторых, главным и первым признаком доверия является наличие во взаимоотношениях власти и народа факта правдивости (искренности), честности (явленческих форм нравственности), как камертона, эталона гуманного поведения персонифицированной власти. И потому доверие («особое» или «обобщенное» как иногда пишут социологи) рассматривается как «уполномоченный» представитель честности, важнейший показатель капитала нравственного, но не социального. Авторы полагают, что достижение российской организационной культурой низкой дистанции власти возможно лишь при условии вступления на «боевое дежурство» персонифицированного нравственного капитала во всех эшелонах власти.
Методы управления хаосом
Authors: Хусаинов Зуфар Ханифович
Published: July 2018

В статье представлены этапы и особенности применения методов управления хаосом как способа выявления естественного развития систем. Выявлены закономерности и результаты управляемого хаоса для организации, предложена классификации ресурсов хаоса, определены направления и методы управления хаосом в деятельности организации, подобраны практические примеры методов управления хаосом в деятельности организации.
О вопросах трансформации экономики и модернизации технологических процессов в России
Authors: Борщ Людмила Михайловна , Герасимова Светлана Васильевна , Тюлин Андрей Сергеевич
Published: July 2018

Статья посвящена исследованию актуальной научно-практической проблеме, механизма модернизации технологических процессов.
Цель: Основная цель данной статьи состоит в исследовании модернизации технологических процессов, подчиненных фактору времени в цифровой экономике. Для решения поставленной цели в статье решены следующие задачи: исследованы цифровые технологии, как продукт новых технологических трансформаций; определены трансформационные инновационные процессы с переливом ресурса; сформулированы основные принципы динамических изменений к росту трансформационных преобразований; раскрыть «созидательное разрушение» с точки зрения рыночной экономики.
Методология проведения работы: Данная статья основана на междисциплинарной концепции управления при модернизации технологических процессов, проникновения в экономику, создавая новые продукты в процессе трансформации. Использованы аналитический обзор теоретических подходов, системный, структурный, логический, исторический методы. Для проведения исследования использованы аналитические обзоры, статьи российских и иностранных научных изданий.
Результаты. Проведен обширный анализ государственной политики трансформационных, воспроизводственных процессов выраженных в цифровой экономике, что приводит к формированию нового типа экономики. Установлено, что модернизация технологических процессов, составляет основу цифровой экономики, где все подчинено фактору времени. меняя парадигму экономической мысли, превращая человеческий капитал в доминанту определяющего фактора. Раскрыто понимание «созидательного разрушения» с точки зрения рыночной экономики, способность постоянно меняться, совершенствоваться изнутри за счет естественного вытеснения устаревших моделей.
Выводы: Материалы, изложенные в статье, показывают, что процесс технологической модернизации приводит к преобразованию форм, изменению видов, свойств, производства, изменяя формы управления. Цифровые технологии являются продуктом новых технологических трансформаций в инновациях, координируют экономическое развитие, выступают в качестве новой силы, способной ускорить инновационные процессы, полномасштабно проникнуть в экономику. Сформулированы основные принципы динамических изменений к росту трансформационных преобразований, построена модель трансформационных процессов, способна влиять на инновационные технологии, составляя множество комбинаций через факторы влияния.
Сравнительная оценка конкурентоспособности компаний частного и государственного секторов российской экономики на основе операционной эффективности
Authors: Разумовская Елена Александровна , Воронов Дмитрий Сергеевич , Придвижкин Станислав Викторович
Published: July 2018

Оценка конкурентоспособности бизнеса с позиций форм собственности представляет особый исследовательский интерес применительно к крупнейшим российским компаниям разных секторов национальной экономики, особенно –в условиях геополитических рисков. Применение динамического метода для этой цели обусловлено универсальностью и гибкостью метода, что позволяет проводить сравнительную оценку конкурентоспособности по отношению к разным секторальным и количественным выборкам. Избранная для проведения оценки корпоративной конкурентоспособности методология, кроме количественной оценки, позволяет выявить факторы и источники конкурентоспособности анализируемых компаний. Сравнительная оценка конкурентоспособности хозяйствующих субъектов государственного и частного секторов по 60 крупнейшим российским компаниям позволила заключить, что отечественные компании частного сектора не имеют однозначных конкурентных преимуществ перед государственными, чем отечественный частный сектор отличается от практики развитых стран. В секторальном разрезе выявлены определенные различия в конкурентоспособности, которые следует интерпретировать, как неустойчивые к изменяющимся условиям внутри экономики и геополитической конъюнктуры.
Полученные результаты могу быть применены для разработки мероприятий по повышению конкурентоспособности и инвестиционной привлекательности отдельных компаний и отраслей, а также для оптимизации инструментария государственного регулирования экономики.
Становление службы внутреннего аудита как инструмента развития и безопасности бизнеса в практике российских компаний
Authors: Рау Эдуард Иванович
Published: July 2018

Предметом исследования данной работы является сравнительно новый для России инструмент и институт в управлении бизнесом – «внутренний аудит». Цель работы – рассмотреть сущность и роль внутреннего аудита в деятельности и развитии организаций и дать авторскую оценку является ли внутренний аудит инструментом развития и безопасности бизнеса, оценить затраты на её организацию. Для достижения поставленной цели в работе приведены подходы к дефиниции «внутренний аудит», его основные характеристики, хронология развития, его задачи, место среди инструментария корпоративного управления. Приведена информация, какие компании обязаны организовать у себя деятельность службы внутреннего аудита. Для оценки экономической целесообразности формирования службы внутреннего аудита в компании и приблизительного бюджета на ее функционирование автор обратился к статистической информации. Предложенные автором критерии и их минимальные количественные значения помогут в принятии решения о целесообразности организации собственной службы внутреннего аудита в конкретной компании. Приведен обзор основных норм, регулирующих деятельность института внутреннего аудита. В этой связи результаты исследования представляют профессиональный интерес не только для ученых, педагогов, студентов экономических направлений, а также для профессионалов-практиков. Отвечая на основной вопрос темы исследования, автор отмечает, что служба внутреннего аудита является инструментом экономического развития и безопасности компании, так как служит гарантом соблюдения требований действующего законодательства и движущим звеном в оптимизации и развитии компании с учетом всех вызовов современного рынка. При этом компания должна быть достаточно крупной, чтобы покрывать затраты на содержание службы внутреннего аудита.
Анализ систем обучения и развития торгового персонала страховых организаций в России (на примере СПАО «Ингосстрах» и ООО «Зетта страхование»)
Authors: Блинова Татьяна Николаевна , Дюйзен Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: July 2018

В статье на примере двух организаций сферы страхования в России (СПАО «Ингосстрах» и ООО «Зетта страхование»), отличающихся размером, длительностью функционирования и положением на рынке, анализируются системы развития и обучения торгового персонала. Авторы выделяют современные тенденции страхового рынка, а также особенности функционирования страховых компаний, оказывающие влияние на торговый персонал как объект управления; рассматривают вопросы организации, планирования, тематики, а также форм обучения и развития торгового персонала. Кроме того, в публикации определены проблемы, присущие системам обучения и развития торгового персонала страховых организаций и их филиалов в России, а также намечены пути их преодоления.
Методологические подходы к управлению системообразованием на базе крупного торгового (торгово-развлекательного) центра
Authors: Чеглов Вячеслав Петрович , Ившин Валентин Александрович
Published: July 2018

В настоящей статье рассматривается одно из современных направлений системного развития торговли России, а именно возможности и подходы создания на базе торговых центров торгово-сервисных кластеров, обеспечивающих синергию развития как интегратору, так и привлеченным им арендаторам. В основу исследования положены результаты анкетирования арендаторов одного из крупнейших в стране торгово-развлекательных центров, а также теоретические и практические разработки авторов.
¿A quiénes y cuánto subsidia el régimen pensional de prima media en Colombia? Análisis paramétrico y lecciones de política
Authors: Nieto Ramos Alejandro , Farné Stefano
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se discuten los subsidios pensionales otorgados por Colpensiones (operador del Régimen de Prima Media en Colombia). Se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir de simulaciones que parten de las reglas vigentes del sistema pensional y la aplicación de supuestos actuariales comúnmente aceptados, encontrando que bajo estos paradigmas, todas las pensiones otorgadas por Colpensiones estarían subsidiadas. Por otra parte, cuando en los ejercicios de simulación se asumen rentabilidades similares a las que el Régimen de Capitalización Individual (RAIS) otorga a sus afiliados a través de los fondos privados, desaparecen los subsidios de las pensiones más altas. Asimismo, se muestra que se pueden alcanzar iguales resultados implementando algunos ajustes paramétricos razonables, todo lo que da pie a una discusión sobre la política que regula el sistema pensional
EVALUATION OF A COLLECTION OF ONION ON THE GROUNDS OF A LEAF SOCKET AND BULB
Authors: Davletbaeva O. R. , Ibragimbekov M. G. , Khovrin A. N.
Published: July 2018

In commodity farms, the technology of growing onions is sown by sowing seeds from a one-year crop. This, in turn, introduces new requirements for growing technology, technical means and, most importantly, for varieties and hybrids of onions. The average yield of onion in Russia is at a low level - 20-30 tons / ha. New varieties and hybrids must have precocity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests, good crabness. The success of selection work, as is known, is largely determined by the source material. The priority is to create heterotic hybrids of onion, showing increased viability, high stable yield and leveling, general resistance to pathogens, increasing the content of vitamins, proteins, dry substances, increasing cold resistance, drought resistance, and keeping quality. In the department of selection and seed production of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI FSVC is breeding onions for growing in the annual culture of the Central strip of Russia. The study was conducted in 2017 with the setting of experiments in the open field. In the collection nursery 24 samples of onions of different geographical origin were investigated: Russia, the Netherlands, Italy and the USA. During the study, phenological, biometric measurements and a morphological description of the samples were carried out. As a result of the study of a set of economically valuable traits, the following samples of onion were identified and involved in the work: Ermak, Stuttgarter Riesen, Sturon, Forward, Crx 2381 F1, Santero F1, Sandra F1, Lamyca F1, Bennito F1, Premium F1.
THE INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF ONION WITH HIGH DEGREE OF RESISTANCE TO A PERONOSPOROZ AND HIGH CONTENT OF NONVOLATILE SOLID
Authors: Agafonov A. F. , Logunova V. V. , Gurkina L. K.
Published: July 2018

The problem of stability of plants of the onion to the most nocuous diseases acquired in the world a paramount value. Untrue mealy dew or peronosporoz onion related to their number, astonishes many kinds of the sort Allium L. and, primarily, onion napiform. Information of presence of immune grades of the onion of napiform are absent, are just of the grade with various level of stability. In years, the favorable for development of this disease, it can cause larger losses at cultivation a sevka, onions turnip and seeds. This disease almost everywhere is widespread. The activator of a peronosporoz is the mushroom of Peronospora destructor (Berk) of Casp. the typical obligate parasite living and eating on the growing plants and striking leaves and flower-colored. Use of expensive chemical means of struggle just limits dissemination of peronosporoz, but radically does not solve the problem of protection of plants, not to mention deterioration in an ecological situation. At selection of the onion of napiform to resistance to peronosporoz interspecific hybridization is the most promising, though this way is long and difficult. The main purpose with the use of interspecific hybridization is creation of forms combining presence of stored bulbs and with high resistance to peronosporoz and sufficient a fecundity. The pollen of plants for transfer of genes supervising high stability and high content they be valuable substances from multi-annual onions to the onion to napiform. In the article results of joint researches of the laboratory of selection of onions cultures, genetics and cytology, immunity of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of selection and seed farming of vegetable cultures (VNIISSOK) on development of methods of interspecific hybridization and creation of the forms of interspecific hybrids combining presence of stored bulb with high resistance to peronosporoz, the technology of selection process, results of selection and interspecific hybrids of the onion created in the VNIISSOK and approved to use in various Russia regions are presented.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF BREEDING OF TABLE BEET
Authors: Burenin V. I. , Piskunova T. M.
Published: July 2018

The popularity and wide spread of table beet due to its high nutritional qualities, content of biologically active substances (betaine and betanin), that make it a functional food. For Russia, characterized by a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, varieties with high adaptability are necessary. Results of studying the genetic resources of table beet, including evaluation of cold resistance and non-bolting, monogermicity, productivity and quality of production are given in article. 56 accessions received by the collection of VIR from 17 countries are served as material for researches. Field study, evaluation of accessions during storage and analysis were carried out according to the methodological instructions of VIR. The evalution of the different origin beet accessions for their bolting showed that varieties from Sweden and Finland, as well as from the northwestern region of Russia, were the most bolting resistant. The variation in the level of bolting in domestic varieties of table beet was significant: from resistant to strongly bolting. The greatest tendency to bolting was observed in domestic varieties of southern origin. The harmfulness of the black root is especially significantly in the modern technology of beet cultivation, when sowing is carried out at a given density of standing plants. There are no varieties absolutely resistant to black root yet. Extra Early Egypt (USA), Banko (Sweden) and Fire Chief (USA), Detroit Supra and Detroit Bolivar (Netherlands), Kholodostoikaya 19 (Belarus), Bravo (Russia) were carried out from the studied accessions. The varieties of wide range, which annually provide a stable harvest in different soil and climatic conditions: Special Crosby (USA) and Forono (Denmark), Bordo 237 (Russia). For the Northern areas as well as inwinter and early spring sowings varieties Fiere Chief и Extra Early (USA), Banko and Adoptiv (Sweden), Podzimnyaya-474 Polyarnaya Ploskaya (Russia) are suitable.
TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF SVERDLOVSK REGION AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors: Mokina L. S.
Published: July 2018

In article development of the agrarian sector of Sverdlovsk region is analyzed. The author has carried out the complex analysis of the current state of regional agriculture: positions of regions are reflected in production of agriculture of the Ural Federal District, positions of Sverdlovsk region on production in a section of the Ural Federal District are designated and also the structure of agricultural products of area in a section of producers following the results of 2017 is presented. It is established that, despite positive tendencies in development of agriculture of area, this branch both at the macrolevel, and at the level of the region develops in the conditions of investment crisis. On the basis of the analysis of the current economic environment the internal and external factors influencing positively or negatively development of agrobusiness in the region are revealed. The particular emphasis in article is placed on a burning issue of the restrictions connected with support of small-scale and average krestyanskofermersky enterprises, it is more difficult to them to achieve financing of the projects. It is established that public financing is focused on support, but not on forward development of branch that a part of projects from a profitability zone removes, blocking their start. It is shown that the main negative effects recorded in region agriculture as a result of reduction of subsidies and grants from the state were a consequence of such limited policy for landowners. Taking into account it the author has formulated the concrete directions and practical recommendations about elimination of the negative factors constraining attraction of investments into the agrarian sector of the region and the vectors of further development of branch capable to increase her economic growth are allocated.
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE SUBCOMPLEX AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE REGIONAL ECONOMY
Authors: Mamai O. V. , Lipatova N. N. , Kupryaeva M. N.
Published: July 2018

The article reveals the essence and systemizes the advantages of agricultural cooperation. In the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the economy, this type of cooperation helps attract investment and reduce risks for investors, increases the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many aspects of the functioning of agricultural cooperatives remain inadequate to apply to individual sectors, in particular, to the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for managing the innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the regional economy (by the example of the Samara region). In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. The state of vegetable growing in the Samara region is analyzed. The main problems of its innovative development are singled out. The advantages of agricultural cooperation as a modern tool for management of innovative development are systematized. The importance of cooperation within the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy, which is of strategic importance for ensuring the food security of the region and Russia in general. Existing models of cooperation in vegetable growing in the Samara region are analyzed. The goal, tasks and main problems of the management system of innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy are formulated. As a result of the study, recommendations were proposed on the formation of a management system for innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy.