bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of the leptin-adiponectin axis in inflammation and oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Frühbeck Gema , Catalán Victoria , Rodríguez Amaia , Ramírez Beatriz , Becerril Sara , Salvador Javier , Portincasa Piero , Colina Inmaculada , Gómez-Ambrosi Javier
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present work was to study whether the leptin-adiponectin axis may have a pathophysiological role in the increased systemic inflammation and oxidative stress observed in patients with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Leptin, adiponectin, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured in a sample of 140 Caucasian subjects (74 males/66 females), aged 28–82 years, 60 with and 80 without the MS. Total concentrations of adiponectin as well as its multimeric forms HMW, MMW and LMW were significantly lower in individuals with the MS. The ratio adiponectin/leptin, a marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue, was dramatically decreased in the MS group. Systemic oxidative stress, as evidenced by levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as markers of inflammation such as serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and osteopontin were significantly increased in subjects with the MS. Total adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with levels of TBARS and CRP levels. Furthermore, the ratio adiponectin/leptin was negatively correlated with SAA concentrations as well as with CRP levels. We concluded that a dysfunctional adipose tissue as suggested by a low adiponectin/leptin ratio may contribute to the increased oxidative stress and inflammation, hallmarks of the MS.
Burn-induced muscle metabolic derangements and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with activation of HIF-1α and mTORC1: Role of protein farnesylation
Authors: Nakazawa Harumasa , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Shinozaki Shohei , Kobayashi Masayuki , Ikegami Yuichi , Fu Ming , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Yasuhara Shingo , Yu Yong-Ming , Martyn J. A. Jeevendra , Tompkins Ronald G. , Shimokado Kentaro , Yorozu Tomoko , Ito Hideki , Inoue Satoshi , Kaneki Masao
Published: July 2017

Metabolic derangements are a clinically significant complication of major trauma (e.g., burn injury) and include various aspects of metabolism, such as insulin resistance, muscle wasting, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperlactatemia. Nonetheless, the molecular pathogenesis and the relation between these diverse metabolic alterations are poorly understood. We have previously shown that burn increases farnesyltransferase (FTase) expression and protein farnesylation and that FTase inhibitor (FTI) prevents burn-induced hyperlactatemia, insulin resistance, and increased proteolysis in mouse skeletal muscle. In this study, we found that burn injury activated mTORC1 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which paralleled dysfunction, morphological alterations (i.e., enlargement, partial loss of cristae structure) and impairment of respiratory supercomplex assembly of the mitochondria, and ER stress. FTI reversed or ameliorated all of these alterations in burned mice. These findings indicate that these burn-induced changes, which encompass various aspects of metabolism, may be linked to one another and require protein farnesylation. Our results provide evidence of involvement of the mTORC1-HIF-1α pathway in burn-induced metabolic derangements. Our study identifies protein farnesylation as a potential hub of the signaling network affecting multiple aspects of metabolic alterations after burn injury and as a novel potential molecular target to improve the clinical outcome of severely burned patients.
Overcoming T. gondii infection and intracellular protein nanocapsules as biomaterials for ultrasonically controlled drug release
Authors: Aw M. S. , Paniwnyk L.
Published: July 2017

One of the pivotal matters of concern in intracellular drug delivery is the preparation of biomaterials containing drugs that are compatible with the host target.
Control over cyclisation sequences of 1,1′-bifunctional octamethylferrocenes to ferrocenophanes
Authors: Roemer Max , Wild Duncan A. , Skelton Brian W. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Nealon Gareth L. , Piggott Matthew J. , Koutsantonis George A.
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the facile synthesis of a number of electron rich octamethyl[1.4]ferrocenophanes with unsaturated handles from 1,1′-bis(1-chlorovinyl)octamethylferrocene.
A rare Pb9 cluster-organic framework constructed from a flexible cyclotriphosphazene-functionalized hexacarboxylate exhibiting selective gas separation
Authors: Bai Dongjie , Chen Fengli , Jiang Donghao , He Yabing
Published: July 2017

A rare Pb9 cluster-based organic framework constructed from a flexible cyclotriphosphazene-functionalized hexacarboxylate exhibits selective adsorption separation of C2 hydrocarbons and CO2 from CH4 under ambient conditions.
Phosphine-catalyzed remote α-C–H bond activation of alcohols or amines triggered by the radical trifluoromethylation of alkenes: reaction development and mechanistic insights
Authors: Li Lei , Ye Liu , Ni Shao-Fei , Li Zhong-Liang , Chen Su , Du Yi-Meng , Li Xiao-Hua , Dang Li , Liu Xin-Yuan
Published: July 2017

An efficient radical protocol for concomitant functionalization of both alkenes and remote α-C–H bonds of alcohols or amines via 1,5(6,7)-HAT was realized in a highly controlled site-selective manner.
Rapid construction of complex tetracyclic frameworks via a gold(i)-catalyzed tandem 1,2-acyloxy migration/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/Friedel–Crafts type cyclization reaction of linear enynyl esters
Authors: Sun Haiyu , Xu Shiyan , Xing Zhimin , Liu Lin , Feng Shangbiao , Fang Bowen , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: July 2017

Magic “Au”: 3 rings and 2–3 quaternary centers were constructed in one step!
An Ullmann N-arylation/2-amidation cascade by self-relay copper catalysis: one-pot synthesis of indolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones
Authors: Abe Takumi , Takahashi Yuka , Matsubara Yuki , Yamada Koji
Published: July 2017

We have developed a self-relay copper(i)-catalyzed Ullmann N-arylation/2-amidation cascade to form functionalized indolo[1,2-a]quinazolinones in one-pot from easily available indoles with 2-bromobenzamides.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of the interaction of plutonium with oxygen in the gas phase
Authors: Wang QingQing , Luo WenLang , Wang XiaoLi , Gao Tao
Published: July 2017

There are two kinds of plutonium surface corrosion, one of which is oxidation between plutonium and oxygen or oxygen compounds.
Tetraphenylethene–diyne hybrid nanoparticles from Glaser-type dispersion polymerization
Authors: Picard-Lafond Audrey , Daigle Maxime , Morin Jean-François
Published: July 2017

Organic-based nanoparticles hold great potential for optoelectronics and biomedicine as they may provide optical properties in the visible range and notable advantages over inorganic counterparts.
Fabrication of reactive pigment composite particles for blue-light curable inkjet printing of textiles
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Wang Lili , Huang Yi , Meng Yiding , Sun Guangdong , Fan Qinguo , Shao Jianzhong
Published: July 2017

The Reactive Phthalocyanine Blue (RPB) was fabricated by two-step method, and then used to prepare blue light curable inks. After injection, RPB can participate in the copolymerization of oligomers and monomers under blue-LED irradiation.
Synthesis of a core–shell magnetic Fe3O4–NH2@PmPD nanocomposite for efficient removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous media
Authors: Zhu Hongshan , Wu Jin , Fang Ming , Tan Liqiang , Chen Changlun , Alharbi Njud S. , Hayat Tasawar , Tan Xiaoli
Published: July 2017

The magnetic Fe3O4–NH2@PmPD composites show outstanding Cr(vi) removal performance due to the abundant nitrogen-containing functional groups.
Construction of SnO2/graphene-like g-C3N4with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ji Haiyan , Fan Yamin , Yan Jia , Xu Yuanguo , She Xiaojie , Gu Jiemin , Fei Ting , Xu Hui , Li Huaming
Published: July 2017

2D/2D SnO2/GL-C3N4photocatalysts with large specific surface area and high coupling heterointerface extent were synthesized by an environmental friendly hydrothermal method, showing excellent photocatalytic performance on RhB degradation.
Unique band structure enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of phosphorus-doped BiOI hierarchical microspheres
Authors: Ma Fen-Qiang , Yao Jing-Wen , Zhang Yan-Feng , Wei Yu
Published: July 2017

In this article, phosphorus (P)-doped BiOI hierarchical microspheres were prepared via a facile hydrolytic method at room temperature.
LC-MS/MS reveals the formation of aldehydes and iminium reactive intermediates in foretinib metabolism: phase I metabolic profiling
Authors: Kadi Adnan A. , Amer Sawsan M. , Darwish Hany W. , Attwa Mohamed W.
Published: July 2017

Using LC-MS/MS, six phase I foretinib metabolites in addition to four potential reactive metabolites, two aldehydes and two iminium ions, were detected and the bioactivation pathways were proposed.
Hierarchically organized CNT@TiO2@Mn3O4nanostructures for enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Yan Du-Juan , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Mao Ya-Chun , Qiu Sheng-You , Gu Liang-Liang , Feng Yu-Jie , Sun Ke-Ning
Published: July 2017

A new concept is conceived to design CNT@TiO2@Mn3O4nanostructures, achieving significant synergy for high-performance lithium storage.
Interior multi-cavity/surface engineering of alginate hydrogels with polyethylenimine for highly efficient chromium removal in batch and continuous aqueous systems
Authors: Yan Yong-Zhu , An Qing-Da , Xiao Zuo-Yi , Zhai Shang-Ru , Zhai Bin , Shi Zhan
Published: July 2017

Highly recyclable multi-core@shell-like HS-PDA@PEI-SA@PEI beads with interior/surface accessible polyethylenimine have been designed for ultrahigh Cr(vi) sorption performance.
Electron-density distribution tuning for enhanced thermal stability of luminescent gold complexes
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Yamaguchi Shun , Tsutsumi Osamu
Published: July 2017

Luminescence colour and thermal stability of gold complexes can be controlled independently by tuning the structures of molecules and molecular aggregates.
Highly efficient orange-red electroluminescence of iridium complexes with good electron mobility
Authors: Han Hua-Bo , Cui Rong-Zhen , Jing Yi-Ming , Lu Guang-Zhao , Zheng You-Xuan , Zhou Liang , Zuo Jing-Lin , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2017

Two orange-red iridium complexes with high quantum yields and good electron mobility were applied in efficient OLEDs showing a maximum luminance of 129 466 cd m−2, a maximum current efficiency of 62.96 cd A−1 with low efficiency roll-off.
3D printing of tunable shape memory polymer blends
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Zhang Qinglong , Feng Jiachun
Published: July 2017

3D-printable tunable SMPs consisting of three kinds of cheap commercial polymers are prepared using a simple melt blending strategy.
Anisotropic photoresponse of layered 2D SnS-based near infrared photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Zidong , Yang Juehan , Zhang Kai , Chen Shuai , Mei Fuhong , Shen Guozhen
Published: July 2017

In this work, the anisotropic photoresponse and the effects of defects on the anisotropic response based on layered SnS near infrared photodetectors were investigated.
Efficient current injection device for harmonic reduction of three‐phase controlled converters
Authors: Eltamaly Ali Mohamed
Published: July 2017

Third harmonic current injection technique is one of the best options for harmonic reduction of three‐phase controlled/uncontrolled converters. Injecting third harmonics current from dc‐bus to the line current reduces its harmonic contents. Minimum THD for any firing angle of controlled converter is function in phase‐angle and amplitude of harmonic injection current that can be controlled by single‐phase controlled and boost converters, respectively. This scheme is used with three bidirectional switches as harmonic injection device to circulate the injection current to supply currents. This scheme is compared with the state‐of‐the‐art system using zigzag transformer. A novel mathematical analysis for the proposed scheme and state‐of‐the‐art scheme is introduced. The mathematical analysis introduces the optimum values for components on the harmonic injection path at minimum THD and the corresponding efficiency of each scheme. The two schemes under study have been simulated using PSIM program. Two lab prototypes for these two schemes have been implemented. Mathematical, simulation, and experimental results for these two schemes have been introduced, compared, and discussed. The results show the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Holistic assessment of call centre performance
Authors: Smith Edward A. , Schormans John A.
Published: July 2017

In modern call centres 60–70% of the operational costs come in the form of the human agents who take the calls. Ensuring that the call centre operates at lowest cost and maximum efficiency involves a trade‐off of the cost of agents against lost revenue and increased customer dissatisfaction due to lost calls. Modelling the performance characteristics of a call centre in terms of the agent queue alone misses key performance influencers, specifically the interaction between channel availability at the media gateway and the time a call is queued. A blocking probability at the media gateway, as low as 0.45%, has a significant impact on the degree of queuing observed and therefore the cost and performance of the call centre.

Our analysis also shows how abandonment impacts queuing delay. However, the call centre manager has less control over this than the level of contention at the media gateway. Our commercial assessment provides an evaluation of the balance between abandonment and contention, and shows that the difference in cost between the best and worst strategy is £130K per annum, however this must be balanced against a possible additional £2.98 m exposure in lost calls if abandonment alone is used.
The Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2-Chloro- and 2-Fluorocordycepins
Authors: Mikhailopulo Igor , Denisova Alexandra , Tokunova Yulia , Fateev Ilja , Breslav Alexandra , Leonov Vladimir , Dorofeeva Elena , Lutonina Olga , Muzyka Inessa , Esipov Roman , Kayushin Alexey , Konstantinova Irina , Miroshnikov Anatoly , Stepchenko Vladimir
Published: July 2017

Two approaches to the chemoenzymatic synthesis of 2-fluorocordycepin and 2-chlorocordycepin were studied: (i) the use of 3′-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) and 3′-deoxyinosine (3′dIno) as donors of 3-deoxy-d-ribofuranose in the transglycosylation of 2-fluoro- (2FAde) and 2-chloroadenine (2ClAde) catalyzed by the recombinant E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and (ii) the use of 2-fluoroadenosine and 3′-deoxyinosine as substrates of the cross-glycosylation and PNP as a biocatalyst. An efficient method for 3′-deoxyinosine synthesis starting from inosine was developed. However, the very poor solubility of 2ClAde and 2FAde is the limiting factor of the first approach. The second approach enables this problem to be overcome and it appears to be advantageous over the former approach from the viewpoint of practical synthesis of the title nucleosides. The 3-deoxy-α-d-ribofuranose-1-phosphate intermediary formed in the 3′dIno phosphorolysis by PNP was found to be the weak and marginal substrate of E. coli thymidine (TP) and uridine (UP) phosphorylases, respectively. Finally, one-pot cascade transformation of 3-deoxy-d-ribose in cordycepin in the presence of adenine and E. coli ribokinase, phosphopentomutase, and PNP was tested and cordycepin formation in ca. 3.4% yield was proved.
Recent Progress on the Synthesis of (Aza)indoles through
Oxidative Alkyne Annulation Reactions
Authors: Xu Hai-Chao , Hou Zhong-Wei , Mao Zhong-Yi
Published: July 2017

The oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition of alkynes with arylamines is a powerful method for the synthesis of (aza)indoles because it employs unfunctionalized and easily available materials. Herein, recent progress in the synthesis of (aza)indoles through transition metal-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition is highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Second-Row Transition-Metal Catalysts

3 First-Row Transition-Metal Catalysts

4 Summary
Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Contralateral Hamstring Tendon Grafts: 6 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Zini Stefania , Borgo Enrico , Ventura Alberto
Published: July 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcome of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with contralateral hamstring tendon autografts, specifically with regard to patient satisfaction, return to preinjury activity level, and postoperative functional outcomes.

Methods Between 2004 and 2011, 23 patients underwent revision ACL reconstruction with contralateral autogenous hamstring tendon grafts and were retrospectively reviewed at an average follow-up of 6.3 years. Subjective and functional evaluations were performed. The Tegner score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form were used. Objective evaluation included range of motion, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and KT-1000 instrumented laxity testing. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the preoperative and follow-up status. Differences with a p-value of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results No major complications were reported. The mean KOOS significantly increased from a preoperative mean of 62.8 ± 8.3 to 85.8 ± 6.9 (p < 0.001). IKDC subjective score significantly improved from 29.2 ± 10.4 to 72.8 ± 5.2 (p < 0.001). The median Tegner activity score significantly improved from a preoperative mean of 6.5 (range: 4–10) to 7.5 (range: 7–10) (p < 0.001). Most of the patients increased or returned to the same activity level, with 61% of the patients returning to cutting and pivoting sports.

Conclusion The use of contralateral hamstring tendon autografts for ACL revision surgery represents a valid option following a failed primary ACL reconstruction and confirms subjective and objective clinical improvement 6 years after surgery.

Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Advanced Computed Tomography Techniques: Overview of Dual-Energy CT
Authors: Forghani Reza
Published: July 2017

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an advanced form of computed tomography (CT), in which image acquisition is performed at two different energy spectra, instead of a single-energy spectrum using conventional single-energy CT (SECT). This enables the creation of different reconstructions and quantitative spectral tissue analysis beyond what is possible with SECT. In adults, there are increasing clinical applications of DECT for all organ systems, including neuroimaging and head and neck imaging. However, there are relatively few studies evaluating applications of DECT for pediatric imaging and little to none in neuroimaging or head and neck imaging. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview and familiarize the readers with DECT. This article will review the fundamental principles behind DECT, including different DECT acquisition systems and principles of DECT material characterization. This will be followed by a review of potential applications of DECT, many based on imaging the head and neck. The objectives are to familiarize the readers with this exciting technology and hopefully serve as a primer for investigations and applications of DECT for pediatric neuro and head and neck imaging.
Ernährung bei multimorbiden Patienten – Daten oder Meinungen?
Authors: Plauth Mathias
Published: July 2017

Polymorbidity and old age are rather the rule than the exception in hospitalised patients. Malnutrition is common in such patients and should be identified by appropriate screening and assessment measures in order to devise a nutrition plan and act accordingly. Unlike in the UK or The Netherlands, malnutrition screening and nutrition teams are not mandatory for German hospitals. Malnutrition and, in particular, sarcopenia are indicators of a nutrition associated risk or increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition can affect patients of any medical discipline and, therefore, is managed most efficiently by the interdisciplinary and multiprofessional nutrition team. By this approach goal directed nutrition therapy can improve morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients.
Weibliches urethrales Divertikel mit Steinbildung imitierend eine Belastungsinkontinenz
Authors: Karapanos Leonidas , Porres Daniel , Pfister David , Akbarov Ilgar , Heidenreich Axel , Zugor Vahudin
Published: July 2017

Divertikel in der Urethra von Frauen (DU) sind ein seltenes Krankheitsbild mit einer Prävalenz von 0,6 – 4,7 % 1. Ätiologisch liegen häufig eine chronische Entzündung der paraurethralen Drüsen, ein Geburtstrauma oder eine iatrogene Läsion nach Urethramanipulationen zugrunde. Selten liegen angeborene Fälle vor. Wir präsentieren einen Fall eines weiblichen UD mit Steinbildung, das im Rahmen einer Inkontinenzabklärung diagnostiziert wurde. Wir möchten anhand dieser Kasuistik die bestehende Literatur bezüglich Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Therapie dieses seltenen Krankheitsbildes darstellen. Schließlich möchten wir betonen, dass in der Differentialdiagnose einer Belastungsinkontinenz der klinische Ausschluss eines UD unerlässlich ist. Dafür werden genaue Kenntnisse der Symptomatik und des diagnostischen Algorithmus zur Detektion eines DU benötigt.
Role of Thyroid Deficiency on Adiponectin, Leptin, and Metabolic Status in Visceral Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lozanov Lachezar , Gorcheva Desislava , Lozanov Bojan , Argirova Radka , Koleva Veselina , Kostova Boyka , Borisov Radoslav , Nedeva Mariana
Published: July 2017

Hypothyroidism results in disturbances of metabolism influencing many regulatory systems and active molecules as adipocytokines. Objective of the study was to investigate leptin and adiponectin in patients with visceral obesity and hypothyroidism in relation to metabolic status, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. A total of 118 patients (59 hypothyroid and 59 euthyroid) were enrolled divided into four age-matched groups according to body wеight (BMI) and thyroid function. Laboratory panel includes TSH, FT4, FT3 (CMIA), adiponectin and leptin (ELISA), IL- 6 (ECLIA), CRP, insulin, glucose, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) - Lp(a). Hypothyroid patients revealed significant positive correlations of TSH, adiponectin and Lp(a). Their medians of 10.4 mU/l, 12.5 µg/ml and 116.3 mg/l respectively were significantly higher than in euthyroid patients- 1.5 mU/l, 6.26 µg/ml and 32.0 mU/l (p < 0.0001). Leptin in both obese groups was significantly higher than in patients with normal weight. Leptin in hypothyroid patients was lower but not significant to euthyroid ones (9.7 ng/ml vs 13.4 ng/ml respectively, p = 0.16), correlated negatively to TSH and positively to CRP, IL-6, ApoB, Lp(a) and BMI. HOMA-IR and serum insulin at 120 min in OGTT were significantly higher in hypothyroid than in euthyroid patients independent of BMI (p < 0.001). Adiponectin, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation indices in hypothyroid patients correlated positively to TSH, BMI and atherogenic lipoproteins subclasses ApoB/Lp(a). Increased adiponectin in thyroid deficiency could be due to secondary resistance of adiponectin receptors or appeared as a compensatory pathogenetic factor in hypothyroidism.
PIC/MCC analysis of a photoresonance plasma sustained in a sodium vapor
Authors: Kusoglu Sarikaya C. , Rafatov I. , Kudryavtsev A. A.
Published: July 2017

A parallel 1d3v Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) code was derived and applied for the investigation of the formation of photoplasma in sodium vapor. The effects of particle weighting and the Courant number on the computed plasma properties were examined, and the convergence of the numerical method with respect to these parameters was demonstrated. Simulations were carried out for the stepwise spatial profile of the resonant sodium atoms density. The basic plasma parameters (such as eedf, iedf, atomic and molecular ion and electron densities, and electric field and potential) were computed. The results of the PIC/MCC simulations were compared to those obtained from the fluid model. Simulations revealed a strong spatial non-uniformity in the electron density and the electric potential over the computational domain that provides evidence in favour of photovoltaic conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
How close are time series to power tail Lévy diffusions?
Authors: Gairing Jan M. , Högele Michael A. , Kosenkova Tania , Monahan Adam H.
Published: July 2017

This article presents a new and easily implementable method to quantify the so-called coupling distance between the law of a time series and the law of a differential equation driven by Markovian additive jump noise with heavy-tailed jumps, such as α-stable Lévy flights. Coupling distances measure the proximity of the empirical law of the tails of the jump increments and a given power law distribution. In particular, they yield an upper bound for the distance of the respective laws on path space. We prove rates of convergence comparable to the rates of the central limit theorem which are confirmed by numerical simulations. Our method applied to a paleoclimate time series of glacial climate variability confirms its heavy tail behavior. In addition, this approach gives evidence for heavy tails in datasets of precipitable water vapor of the Western Tropical Pacific.
Hybrid BioMicromotors
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Medina-Sánchez Mariana , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: July 2017

Micromotors are devices that operate at the microscale and convert energy to motion. Many micromotors are microswimmers, i.e., devices that can move freely in a liquid at a low Reynolds number, where viscous drag dominates over inertia. Hybrid biomicromotors are microswimmers that consist of both biological and artificial components, i.e., one or several living microorganisms combined with one or many synthetic attachments. Initially, living microbes were used as motor units to transport synthetic cargo at the microscale, but this simple allocation has been altered and extended gradually, especially considering hybrid biomicromotors for biomedical in vivo applications, i.e., for non-invasive microscale operations in the body. This review focuses on these applications, where other properties of the microbial component, for example, the capability of chemotaxis, biosensing, and cell-cell interactions, have been exploited in order to realize tasks like localized diagnosis, drug delivery, or assisted fertilization in vivo. In the biohybrid approach, biological and artificially imposed functionalities act jointly through a microrobotic device that can be controlled or supervised externally. We review the development and state-of-the-art of such systems and discuss the mastery of current and future challenges in order to evolve hybrid biomicromotors from apt swimmers to adapted in vivo operators.
Embedding for bulk systems using localized atomic orbitals
Authors: Libisch F. , Marsman M. , Burgdörfer J. , Kresse G.
Published: July 2017

We extend projection-based embedding techniques to bulk systems to treat point defects in semiconductors and insulators. To avoid non-additive kinetic energy contributions, we construct the density partition using orthogonal subsets of orbitals. We have implemented our approach in the popular Vienna ab initio simulation package software package. We demonstrate its power for defect structures in silicon and polaron formation in titania, two challenging cases for conventional Kohn-Sham density functional theory.
Integral force feedback control with input shaping: Application to piezo-based scanning systems in ECDLs
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Zhigang , Zhu Yu , Bu Mingfan , Hong Jun
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a hybrid control system is developed by integrating the closed-loop force feedback and input shaping method to overcome the problem of the hysteresis and dynamic behavior in piezo-based scanning systems and increase the scanning speed of tunable external cavity diode lasers. The flexible hinge and piezoelectric actuators are analyzed, and a dynamic model of the scanning systems is established. A force sensor and an integral controller are utilized in integral force feedback (IFF) to directly augment the damping of the piezoelectric scanning systems. Hysteresis has been effectively eliminated, but the mechanical resonance is still evident. Noticeable residual vibration occurred after the inflection points and then gradually disappeared. For the further control of mechanical resonance, based on the theory of minimum-acceleration trajectory planning, the time-domain input shaping method was developed. The turning sections of a scanning trajectory are replaced by smooth curves, while the linear sections are retained. The IFF method is combined with the input shaping method to control the non-linearity and mechanical resonance in high-speed piezo-based scanning systems. Experiments are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Numerical study of the synergy effects of electron cyclotron wave and two lower-hybrid waves in the current drive process
Authors: Yang Youlei , Xiang Nong , Hu Ye Min
Published: July 2017

In recent experiments on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak, the electron cyclotron wave and the two lower-hybrid waves at different frequencies, i.e., 4.6 GHz and 2.45 GHz, are applied simultaneously to sustain and control the plasma current. To investigate the synergy effects of the three waves, the Fokker-Planck equation with the quasi-linear diffusions induced by the three waves is solved numerically with the CQL3D code [R. W. Harvey and M. G. McCoy, in Proceedings of IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Advances in Simulation and Modeling of Thermonuclear Plasmas, Montreal, Canada (1992)]. It is found that there might be strong synergy effects between the three waves. The electrons in the low velocity region in the velocity space can be accelerated perpendicularly by the electron cyclotron wave, and their parallel velocities can be increased due to scattering and fall into the resonance regions of the lower-hybrid waves. Therefore, such processes may bring more electrons to resonate with the lower-hybrid waves and enhance the current drive of the lower-hybrid waves. The synergy effects strongly depend on the distance between the resonance regions in the velocity space of the three waves.
A confinement induced spectroscopic study of noble gas atoms using equation of motion architecture: Encapsulation within fullerene’s voids
Authors: Chaudhuri Supriya K. , Chaudhuri Rajat K. , Mukherjee Prasanta K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip
Published: July 2017

A relativistic study of spectroscopic properties of the endohedral fullerenes Ng@C60q (where Ng = He, Ne and q=0,±1,±2 are the charges) associated with the C60 molecule has been done using the equation of motion coupled cluster (EOM-CC) methodology. Specific properties estimated are the transition energies, dipole oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities for the low-lying excitations 1s2(1S0) → 1snp (1P1) (n = 2, 3, 4) for He@C60q and 1s22s22p6 (1S0) → 1s22s22p5ns∕nd (1P1) (n = 3, 4) for Ne@C60q, which have been compared with those for the isolated atom to depict the confinement effect of the host molecule on the encapsulated atom. This is accomplished by introducing an effective potential to the atomic Hamiltonian induced by the fullerene moiety and its charge. The EOM-CC results have been compared with those estimated with the random phase approximation (and configuration interaction singles) to understand the effect of electron correlation under such confinement. The systematic and interesting behavior of the properties is highlighted indicating the effect of fullerene cage potential on the redistribution of electron density of the guest atom.
Annealing, temperature, and bias-induced threshold voltage instabilities in integrated E/D-mode InAlN/GaN MOS HEMTs
Authors: Blaho M. , Gregušová D. , Haščík Š. , Ťapajna M. , Fröhlich K. , Šatka A. , Kuzmík J.
Published: July 2017

Threshold voltage instabilities are examined in self-aligned E/D-mode n++ GaN/InAlN/GaN MOS HEMTs with a gate length of 2 μm and a source-drain spacing of 10 μm integrated in a logic invertor. The E-mode MOS HEMT technology is based on selective dry etching of the cap layer which is combined with Al2O3 grown by atomic-layer deposition at 380 K. In the D-mode MOS HEMT, the gate recessing is skipped. The nominal threshold voltage (VT) of E/D-mode MOS HEMTs was 0.6 and −3.4 V, respectively; the technology invariant maximal drain current was about 0.45 A/mm. Analysis after 580 K/15 min annealing step and at an elevated temperature up to 430 K reveals opposite device behavior depending on the HEMT operational mode. It was found that the annealing step decreases VT of the D-mode HEMT due to a reduced electron injection into the modified oxide. On the other hand, VT of the E-mode HEMT increases with reduced density of surface donors at the oxide/InAlN interface. Operation at the elevated temperature produces reversible changes: increase/decrease in the VT of the respective D-/E-mode HEMTs. Additional bias-induced experiments exhibit complex trapping phenomena in the devices: Coaction of shallow (∼0.1 eV below EC) traps in the GaN buffer and deep levels at the oxide/InAlN interface was identified for the E-mode device, while trapping in the D-mode HEMTs was found to be consistent with a thermo-ionic injection of electrons into bulk oxide traps (∼0.14 eV above EF) and trapping at the oxide/GaN cap interface states.
Bayesian methods for addressing long-standing problems in associative learning: The case of PREE
Authors: Blanco Fernando , Moris Joaquín
Published: July 2017

Most associative models typically assume that learning can be understood as a gradual change in associative strength that captures the situation into one single parameter, or representational state. We will call this view single-state learning. However, there is ample evidence showing that under many circumstances different relationships that share features can be learned independently, and animals can quickly switch between expressing one or another. We will call this multiple-state learning. Theoretically, it is understudied because it needs a different data analysis approach from those usually employed. In this article, we present a Bayesian model of the Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE) that can test the predictions of the multiple-state view. This implies estimating the moment of change in the responses (from the acquisition to the extinction performance), both at the individual and group levels. We used this model to analyze data from a PREE experiment with three levels of reinforcement during acquisition (100%, 75% and 50%). We found differences in the estimated moment of switch between states during extinction, so that it was delayed after leaner partial reinforcement schedules. The finding is compatible with the multiple-state view. It is the first time, to our knowledge, that the predictions from the multiple-state view are tested directly. The article also aims to show the benefits that Bayesian methods can bring to the associative learning field.
The influence of surface potential on the optical switching of spiropyran self assembled monolayers
Authors: Garling Tobias , Tong Yujin , Darwish Tamim A , Wolf Martin , Campen R Kramer
Published: July 2017

Surfaces whose macroscopic properties can be switched by light are potentially useful in a wide variety of applications. One such promising application is electrochemical sensors that can be gated by optically switching the electrode on or off. One way to make such a switchable electrode is by depositing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of bistable, optically switchable molecules onto an electrode surface. Quantitative application of any such sensor requires understanding how changes in interfacial field affect the composition of photostationary states, i.e. how does electrode potential affect the extent to which the electrode is on or off when irradiated, and the structure of the SAM. Here we address these questions for a SAM of a 6-nitro-substituted spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2’-indoline] covalently attached through a dithiolane linker to an Au electrode immersed in a 0.1 M solution of Tetramethylammonium hexafluorophosphate in Acetonitrile using interface-specific vibrational spectroscopy. We find that in the absence of irradiation, when the SAM is dominated by the closed spiropyran form, variations in potential of 1 V have little effect on spiropyran relative stability. In contrast, under UV irradiation small changes in potential can have dramatic effects: changes in potential of 0.2 V can completely destabilize the open merocyanine form of the SAM relative to the spiropyran and dramatically change the chromophore orientation. Quantitatively accounting for these effects is necessary to employ this, or any other optically switchable bistable chromophore, in electrochemical applications.
Internal Threat I
Authors: Archibald Robert B.
Published: July 2017

Hyperventilated talk about the end of the American university often presumes that soaring list-price tuition means that college cost is out of control. This chapter lays out the history of list-price tuition, net price to students, and revenue to schools. It reviews the broad economic forces that lead college cost to rise faster than the inflation rate. It then contrasts those forces with claims that cost is driven by increasing dysfunction and inefficiency in higher education. These claims that figure so prominently in today’s narrative of sky-high tuition include administrative bloat and amenity competition.
Internal Threat II
Authors: Archibald Robert B.
Published: July 2017

Demographic trends and changes in the perceived value of a degree both can have significant effects on the demand for higher education. Demographic changes in the United States are unlikely to reduce the demand for places in college overall, but falling high school enrollment in the Northeast and Midwest will pressure financially weaker schools in those regions. On average, the payoff to a college degree has grown substantially. The chapter shows that the return to marginal students may also be quite high. Lastly, the evidence from labor markets indicates that a college education is not simply correlated with higher income. It helps cause higher income.
Environmental Threat I
Authors: Archibald Robert B.
Published: July 2017

Changes in the American income distribution since the 1970s are a major source of turbulence in the higher education industry. Family incomes at the bottom of the distribution have not grown since the 1960s, while family incomes at the top have soared. For families in the middle- and upper-middle-income groups, incomes have been flat in the twenty-first century. We show how this sea change in inequality helps fuel the increase in tuition discounting, the rise in student debt, and the separation of the higher education system into well-resourced institutions for the haves and poorly financed institutions for the have-nots.
Technological Threat
Authors: Archibald Robert B.
Published: July 2017

This chapter explores the rapid growth of online education. It evaluates the likelihood that distance learning will break the rise in college cost and disrupt the traditional model of campus-based programming. There are many ways that the rapid entrepreneurial development of digital learning can change how higher education is provided, and there are many ways that online education may work in the labor market of the future. Although digital techniques will continue to improve and develop, this chapter does not forecast an upheaval in the way higher education is delivered to students in the traditional age range of eighteen to twenty-four. Online education will continue to expand the opportunities for older and returning students, while traditional campus-based programming will continue to offer the best alternative for younger first-time students.
The Hôtel de Beauharnais in Paris
Authors: Eck Caroline van , Versluys Miguel John
Published: July 2017

The Hôtel de Beauharnais (1803–1806) in Paris was originally built by Germain Boffrand in 1713 for the Colbert family. It was redecorated by Jean Auguste Renard and others for Eugène de Beauharnais, Napoleon’s adopted son. It is one of the earliest monuments of Empire Style domestic architecture, combining Roman and Egyptian motifs. This analysis takes the concept of transformation and its related methods of adaptation and appropriation as its starting point to see what kinds of agency the Hôtel was intended to exercise, and how it functioned as immersive architecture within the poetics of eclecticism. In particular this paper examines the effect of the eighteenth-century theories of ornament by Julien-David Le Roy, Piranesi, and Jean-François Sobry.
The History of Human Habitation
Authors: Hales Shelley
Published: July 2017

Charles Garnier’s exhibition L’Histoire de l’habitation humaine, designed for the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris, included reconstructions of Greek, Roman and, most originally, a Gallo-Roman house that represented Classical antiquity. The accounts of Garnier’s lost houses offer a means to explore the ways in which the physical resurrection of the domestic past became a powerful means of literal and metaphorical place-making for visitors to exhibitions in Britain and France throughout the nineteenth century. They provide an opportunity to articulate more closely the changing perceptions in European culture. These transpired in both the roles of these reconstructions and the nature of antiquity’s relationship to contemporary personal and national identity. The chapter also documents an ethnographic turn that allows scholars to look back at the century’s domestic reconstructions through a different (and perhaps less comfortable) lens.
Theories of Change
Authors: Hollingsworth Leslie , Gant Larry M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This chapter describes how the University of Michigan School of Social Work’s Technical Assistance Center (UMSSW/TAC) developed its theory of change as a partner in the Skillman Foundation-funded Detroit Good Neighborhoods initiative. The definition of a theory of change accepted was of “a specification of what must be done to achieve the desired goals, what other important impacts may also be anticipated, and how these goals and impacts would be generated.” The chapter discusses the processes in the creation of iterations of Foundation and UMSSW/TAC theories of change. The chapter concludes with the benefits, limitations, issues, and challenges of aligning logic models with the varied expectations and goals of residents, funding foundations, and university partners.
Building and Maintaining Community Capacity
Authors: Shanks Trina R. , Miller Patricia L.
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This chapter details the work of the UMSSW/TAC to connect with informal leaders and support neighborhood residents in accomplishing their goals. The TAC led or supported several strategies that directly assisted residents of the six Good Neighborhoods communities. These include the Leadership Academy (a co-designed model of individual capacity development), the Small Grants Resident Decision-Making Panel, workshops and issue forums, and staffing or participating in the various learning communities. Engaging and training residents and the creation of learning communities became signature tools of Good Neighborhoods. The learning communities include the Good Neighborhoods Learning Partnership; the Youth employment learning community, which eventually formed what is now the Detroit Youth Employment Consortium; the Ready to work, ready to hire learning community; and the Neighborhood-based transportation learning community.
Helping Communities Design Governance Structures
Authors: Gant Larry M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This chapter reviews the bylaws written by six community governance boards taking part in Good Neighborhoods, a comprehensive community initiative concerned with improving the health and well-being of children and youth living in Detroit. A policy review of bylaws suggested that the bylaws are predominantly characteristic of a community-building model of community organizing, with some elements of a power-based model of community organizing. Technical assistance providers can provide technical assistance based on their experience working with boards and their perceptions of board assets and needs. However, a more effective approach might be one in which technical assistance providers develop technical assistance activities and content in collaboration with board feedback. The use of program documentation, such as bylaws, can aid in developing conceptually based technical assistance.
Innovative Approaches in Field Instruction and Educational Practice Innovations for Training Social Work Student Interns
Authors: Gant Larry M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This chapter describes models and approaches of field instruction used by the UMSSW/TAC. The chapter presents an overview of field instruction models and essential student skills; it discusses the use of traditional field instruction, use of specific student groups (e.g., Community-Based Initiative MSW students, Semester in Detroit undergraduate students), and VISTA volunteers. The chapter outlines the migration of field instruction from UMSSW/TAC staff to community governance organizations. The chapter summarizes the experience of efforts to coordinate multiple courses within the SSW and across institutional partner programs (e.g., Urban Planning and Public Policy). The limits and challenges of field instruction approaches are reviewed; benefits to community residents and the Good Neighborhoods Initiative are discussed. Lessons learned are generated from Foundation, Community Partners, Supervisors, and Students. The chapter ends with thoughts about field instruction as a strategy for community development.
Measurable Results of Good Neighborhoods
Authors: Shanks Trina R. , Harb Sonia , Savas Sue Ann
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This chapter reviews progress made toward the Skillman Foundation’s 2016 goals as of December 2015. The Foundation reports meeting two of its four goals and making progress in the other two in the area of safety; making progress toward three of its four goals, but being far from one in the area of youth development; meeting two of its four goals and making progress toward the other two in the area of community development; and meeting one goal, making progress toward the others, but being far from one in the area of education. As the official commitment to Good Neighborhoods winds down, this chapter updates what is happening on the ground in the selected communities. It also highlights the plans of intact governance structures moving forward and offers examples of success in each of the six communities: Southwest Detroit, Brightmoor, Osborn, Cody Rouge, Chadsey Condon, and Northend Central.
Introduction
Authors: Bogdanović Jelena
Published: July 2017

The introduction outlines the broader archeological, visual, and literary evidence for canopies in the Byzantine ecclesiastical tradition and presents the importance of studies of canopies from archeological and architectural perspectives as a way to enhance our understanding of the idea of a Byzantine church. The discussion of canopies is focused on Byzantine tradition alone due to two major reasons. First is the need to present the empirical evidence on canopies, which would be difficult to illuminate if done across different cultures. Second highlights how the domed church, essentially an elaborated canopy, emerged as a recognizable building type in Byzantine architecture. By providing a short overview of the literature on canopies, the introduction emphasizes potentials of “soft” archeology and new methodologies in the studies of historical architecture that unveil Byzantine architecture beyond the building as a shelter for church services.