bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene and its efficient complexation and sensitive fluorescence enhancement towards palmatine and berberine
Authors: Huang Xiayang , Zhang Xinghua , Qian Tianxin , Ma Junwei , Cui Lei , Li Chunju
Published: August 2018

A water-soluble 2,2′-biphen[4]arene (2,2’-CBP4) containing eight carboxylato moieties was synthesized and characterized. Its complexation behavior towards two alkaloids, palmatine (P) and berberine (B), was investigated by means of fluorescence and 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). In the presence of 2,2’-CBP4, 1H NMR signals of P and B displayed very large upfield shifts, indicating the formation of inclusion complexes with strong binding affinities. Fluorescence titration experiments showed that P and B exhibited dramatic fluorescence enhancement of more than 600 times upon complexation with 2,2’-CBP4. Particularly, the fluorescence intensity is strong enough to be readily distinguished by the naked eye. Although the two guests have similar structures, the association constant of B with 2,2’-CBP4 (Ka = (2.29 ± 0.27) × 106 M−1) is 3.9 times larger than that of P (Ka = (5.87 ± 0.24) × 105 M−1).
Coordination-driven self-assembly of discrete Ru6–Pt6 prismatic cages
Authors: Adeyemo Aderonke Ajibola , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: August 2018

The coordination-driven self-assembly of two new Ru6–Pt6 hexanuclear trigonal prismatic cages comprising arene–ruthenium(II) clips (1a(NO3)2 and 1b(NO3)2) and a tritopic platinum(II) metalloligand 2 has been performed in methanol at room temperature. The [3 + 2] hexanuclear cages 3a and 3b were isolated in good yields and characterized by well-known spectroscopic techniques including multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–vis and infrared studies. Geometry optimization revealed the shapes and sizes of these hexanuclear prismatic cages. The combination of ruthenium and platinum metal center in a one-pot self-assembly reaction showcases the construction of aesthetically elegant heterometallic structures in supramolecular chemistry leading to the formation of a single major product.
Temperature Measurements Using the Dielectronic Satellite Lines of Fe xvii
Authors: Beiersdorfer P. , Hell N. , Lepson J. K.
Published: August 2018

The coronal temperature of Capella and Procyon has been derived from the spectral emission of Fe XVII observed in high resolution with Chandra’s High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer. The measurement makes use of well resolved dielectronic satellite features with a spectator electron in the n = 4 shell. This method does not require a priori knowledge of the ionization equilibrium or of the elemental abundances. We find the temperature of Fe XVII emission is

eV for Procyon and

eV for Capella, i.e., 3.1 and 6.0 MK, respectively. The Procyon measurement is based on three X-rays observed in the dielectronic satellite feature, which illustrates the power of the method even for low-signal observations.
Near-infrared High-resolution Imaging Polarimetry of FU Ori-type Objects: Toward a Unified Scheme for Low-mass Protostellar Evolution*
Authors: Takami Michihiro , Fu Guangwei , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Karr Jennifer L. , Hashimoto Jun , Kudo Tomoyuki , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Kóspál Ágnes , Scicluna Peter , Dong Ruobing , Tamura Motohide , Pyo Tae-Soo , Fukagawa Misato , Tsuribe Toru , Dunham Michael M. , Henning Thomas , Leon Jerome de
Published: August 2018

We present near-IR imaging polarimetry of five classical FU Ori-type objects (FU Ori, V1057 Cyg, V1515 Cyg, V1735 Cyg, Z CMa) with an ∼0.″1 resolution observed using HiCIAO+AO188 at the Subaru Telescope. We observed scattered light associated with circumstellar dust around four of them (i.e., all but V1515 Cyg). Their polarized intensity distribution shows a variety of morphologies with arms, tails or streams, spikes, and fragmented distributions, many of which were reported in our previous paper. The morphologies of these reflection nebulae significantly differ from many other normal young stellar objects (Class I–II objects). These structures are attributed to gravitationally unstable disks, trails of clump ejections, dust blown by a wind or a jet, and a stellar companion. We can consistently explain our results with the scenario that their accretion outbursts (FUor outbursts) are triggered by gravitationally fragmenting disks, and with the hypothesis that many low-mass young stellar objects experience such outbursts.
A Data-constrained Model for Coronal Mass Ejections Using the Graduated Cylindrical Shell Method
Authors: Singh T. , Yalim M. S. , Pogorelov N. V.
Published: August 2018

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are major drivers of extreme space weather conditions, as this is a matter of serious concern for our modern technologically dependent society. The development of numerical approaches that would simulate CME generation and propagation through the interplanetary space is an important step toward our capability to predict CME arrival times at Earth and their geoeffectiveness. In this paper, we utilize a data-constrained Gibson–Low (GL) flux rope model to generate CMEs. We derive the geometry of the initial GL flux rope using the graduated cylindrical shell method. This method uses multiple viewpoints from STEREO A and B Cor1/Cor2, and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/LASCO C2/C3 coronagraphs to determine the size and orientation of a CME flux rope as it starts to erupt from the Sun. A flux rope generated in this way is inserted into a quasi-steady global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) background solar wind flow driven by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager line-of-sight magnetogram data, and erupts immediately. Numerical results obtained with the Multi-Scale Fluid-Kinetic Simulation Suite (MS-FLUKSS) code are compared with STEREO and SOHO/LASCO coronagraph observations, in particular in terms of the CME speed, acceleration, and magnetic field structure.
Forming Circumnuclear Disks and Rings in Galactic Nuclei: A Competition Between Supermassive Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. , Mapelli Michela , Ballone Alessandro
Published: August 2018

We investigate the formation of circumnuclear gas structures from the tidal disruption of molecular clouds in galactic nuclei by means of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations. We model galactic nuclei as composed of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a nuclear star cluster (NSC), and consider different mass ratios between the two components. We find that the relative masses of the SMBH and the NSC have a deep impact on the morphology of the circumnuclear gas. Extended disks form only inside the sphere of influence of the SMBH. In contrast, compact rings naturally form outside the SMBH’s sphere of influence, where the gravity is dominated by the NSC. This result is in agreement with the properties of the Milky Ways circumnuclear ring, which orbits outside the SMBH sphere of influence. Our results indicate that compact circumnuclear rings can naturally form outside the SMBH sphere of influence.
A Spatially Resolved Study of X-Ray Properties in Superbubble 30 Dor C with XMM-Newton
Authors: Babazaki Yasunori , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Matsumoto Hironori , Sano Hidetoshi , Yamane Yumiko , Yoshiike Satoshi , Fukui Yasuo
Published: August 2018

We carry out a spatially resolved spectral analysis with a physical scale of ∼10 pc in X-ray for the superbubble 30 Dor C, which has the largest diameter of ∼80 pc and the brightest non-thermal emission in superbubbles, for the first time. We aim at investigating spatial variation of the physical properties of non-thermal emission as detected in some supernova remnants in order to study particle acceleration in a superbubble. We demonstrated that non-thermal components are detected in all the regions covering the entire field of 30 Dor C. The spectra in the west region of 30 Dor C can be described with a combination of the thermal and non-thermal components, while the spectra in the east region can be fitted with the non-thermal component alone. The photon index and absorption-corrected intensity in 2–10 keV of the non-thermal component show spatial variation from ∼2.0 to ∼3.7 and (4–130) × 10−8 erg s−1 cm−2 str−1, respectively, and the negative correlation between the non-thermal physical properties is observed. The temperature and normalization of the thermal component also vary within a range of ∼0.2–0.3 keV and ∼(0.2–7) × 1017 cm−5 str−1, respectively, and the positive correlation between the photon index and the normalization is also detected. We revealed the correlations in a supperbubble for the first time as is the case in supernova remnants, which suggests the possibility that the same acceleration mechanism works also in the supperbubble.
The genus Mercuria Boeters, 1971 in Morocco: first molecular phylogeny of the genus and description of two new species (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Hydrobiidae)
Authors: Boulaassafer Khadija , Ghamizi Mohamed , Delicado Diana
Published: August 2018

The western Palearctic freshwater snail genus Mercuria (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) comprises 26 species primarily distributed in lowland localities of Western Europe and North Africa. Although this genus in North Africa has received considerable attention in terms of species discoveries through morphological descriptions, its distribution and phylogenetic patterns remain unknown. Based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA (mtCOI) evidence, this study examines the three Mercuria species (M.bakeri, M.tingitana, and M.targouasensis) from Morocco identified so far. Besides expanding on information regarding the anatomy of these species, two new species (M.midarensissp. n. and M.tensiftensissp. n.) are described for this region and phylogenetic relationships inferred between these species and the European M.emiliana and M.similis. All Moroccan and European species were recovered as independent entities according to these phylogenetic inferences (uncorrected p-distances 2.8–8.5%) and DNA barcode data. Moroccan Mercuria species clustered with M.emiliana from Spain, although basal relationships within this clade were not well supported. Given that factors such as the season when specimens are collected, habitat type, and parasites could be responsible for the remarkable intraspecific variation observed in shell and penis morphology, it is proposed that the most efficient approach to delimit and identify Mercuria species is to combine morphological descriptions with genetic data.
Shared Governance—Shared Leadership: Opportunities for Development
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: August 2018

Professional nurses have increased opportunities for engagement within health care organizations, calling for responsive leadership and effective structures to support practice standardization. Whether through best practice implementation, quality improvement, innovations, or professional development, this article takes a fresh look at organizational engagement.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):394–396.
Best Practices for Patient Self-Management: Implications for Nurse Educators, Patient Educators, and Program Developers
Authors: Pinchera Barbara , DelloIacono Donna , Lawless Carolyn A.
Published: August 2018

Background:

A major concern for nurses and program developers is to deliver the best practices for teaching self-management to people with chronic disease. This study aimed to identify the best practice strategies and interventions across heart failure (HF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) chronic illnesses.

Method:

The research design was an integrative review of research using 36 research studies. The analysis and synthesis of these studies provided information from 786 individual studies.

Results:

The results indicated the best strategies were programs that were individualized and prolonged in duration to improve self-management. The best interventions for teaching–learning methods were the use of a combination of direct contact options with technological devices. The common barriers to self-management were identified.

Conclusion:

Nurses educators and program developers of self-management programs will need to use technology creatively and develop programs that are individualized to fit the patients' chronic illness.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):432–440.
Fall Prevention Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Current Guidelines and Older Adult Responses
Authors: Lach Helen W. , Noimontree Wanida
Published: August 2018

Older adults are vulnerable to falls that result in injury and disability, making fall prevention a national priority. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate community-dwelling older adults' perceptions about falls and fall prevention activities to guide interventions. Participants had high awareness of falls and believed that they could reduce their risk of falling. Approximately three fourths of participants reported taking actions to reduce risk of falling; however, participation in community fall prevention programs was low. The survey used provides a method to help nurses identify targets for fall prevention interventions to reduce this physical health disparity in vulnerable older populations. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(9), 21–29.]
Outcomes of Patients With Delirium in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Moon Kyoung Ja , Park Heeok
Published: August 2018

A 6-month prospective cohort study was performed in patients with or without dementia admitted to two Korean long-term care (LTC) facilities. Participants were categorized into four groups: (a) no delirium or dementia, (b) dementia only, (c) delirium only, and (d) delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD). Delirium incidence, mortality, readmission, discharge placement, length of stay, and other associated factors were evaluated. The incidence of delirium was 48%. The largest number of patients belonged to the DSD group; outcomes associated with delirium were analyzed as covariates. The delirium-only group had a significantly higher mortality rate than other groups. Length of stay was the longest for the dementia-only group. On the Kaplan–Meier survival curve, the delirium-only group had the lowest probability of survival compared to other groups. The mortality rate of patients with delirium only was significantly higher than the mortality rates of all other groups. LTC facilities should provide preventive interventions for patients with delirium. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(9), 41–50.]
Arts-Based Learning Strategies in Clinical Postconference: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lutter Stacy L. , Pucino Carrie L. , Jarecke Jodi L.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Arts-based learning (ABL) strategies can enhance student learning in nursing education. Clinical postconference provides an opportunity to integrate these strategies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand student perspectives of ABL activities in clinical postconference and to explore the effect of ABL strategies during clinical postconference on nursing students' perceptions of their own practice.

Method:

This study was designed to reflect the critical attributes of ABL proposed by Rieger and Chernomas. Twenty-nine nursing students participated in six ABL activities during clinical postconference. Data were collected from student reflective papers. Inductive data analysis was used to derive themes.

Results:

Four main themes emerged: (a) Developing New Perspectives, (b) Appreciating the Patient Experience, (c) Reflecting on Feelings and Growth, and (d) Recognizing the Value of ABL.

Conclusion:

ABL strategies integrated during clinical post-conference facilitate student learning by actively engaging students in reflection of professional practice and developing empathy. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):549–553.]
Rural Community Case Management Experience for Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students: A Focus Group Evaluation
Authors: Weierbach Florence M. , Stanton Marietta P.
Published: August 2018

Background:

This presentation concerns the evaluation of an additional clinical experience in case management for senior baccalaureate students. During their final leadership course, nursing students can elect to do an additional 80-hour precepted clinical experience focusing on case management in primary care clinics. As part of that experience, they rotate through seven nurse-managed rural primary health clinics in Tennessee.

Method:

As part of the evaluation process, students and preceptors were asked to review the experiences that students had participating in the clinical.

Results:

For the most part, students were highly satisfied with the case management experience and thought it provided an additional skill set for them as they were completing their final year in nursing school and preparing to enter the nursing workforce as graduates of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.

Conclusion:

A community case management clinical opportunity in primary care allows a community experience for students that provides them with an opportunity to witness an RN practicing to the full scope of the license. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):557–560.]
Coaching to NCLEX-RN Success: A Postgraduation Intervention to Improve First-Time Pass Rates
Authors: Czekanski Kathleen , Mingo Sharon , Piper Letty
Published: August 2018

Background:

First-time NCLEX-RN pass rates are often used to evaluate the effectiveness of prelicensure nursing programs. Faced with pass rates that had declined from 85.71% to 64.86% over a period of 4 years, this baccalaureate-nursing program developed a postgraduation coaching intervention to assist graduates in developing an individualized plan as they prepared for their examination.

Method:

The intervention was designed to close the loop for graduates on NCLEX-RN preparedness. The intervention, led by the program's Tutor and Retention Coordinator, consisted of cognitive behavioral techniques, content reviews, and test-taking strategies.

Results:

The intervention has been successfully implemented for a period of 2 years and first-time pass rates rose to 87.66% in 2016 and 94.29% in 2017.

Conclusion:

Addressing first time NCLEX-RN pass rates requires a comprehensive approach. Students need to begin preparation for their NCLEX-RN examination early in their nursing program; however, this preparation needs to also continue after program completion. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):561–565.]
Experiential Community Health Assessment Through PechaKucha
Authors: Filice Sylvane , Dampier Sally
Published: August 2018

Background:

Nursing education is a robust vehicle for change for community health nursing (CHN) in undergraduate programs. Nurses with a broad range of CHN competencies will be needed to meet the demands of community-based care in the coming years.

Method:

To meet the changing curricular demands around CHN, an experiential learning opportunity presented itself with the use of PechaKucha to support students. This experiential approach to learning the
Canadian Community Health Nursing Professional Practice Model & Standards of Practice
using a windshield and walkabout survey resulted in the students presenting the findings through the PechaKucha method.

Results:

Kolb's experiential learning theory served as the theoretical foundation. The experiential application of the
Canadian Community Health Nursing Professional Practice Model & Standards of Practice
helps to create interest in CHN and develop future competent and confident community nurses.

Conclusion:

By discovering CHN applications through experiential learning, students are in a better position to understand the scope and role of CHN practice. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):566–569.]
Process optimization for the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of wheat germ oil with respect to yield, and phosphorous and tocol contents using a Box Behnken design
Authors: Satyannarayana S. , Anjaneyulu B. , Neeharika T. S.V.R. , Prasanna Rani K. N. , Chakrabarti P. P.
Published: August 2018

The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction technique has emerged as one of the best possible alternatives to organic solvent (hexane) extraction. However, very limited information is available on process optimization for this extraction technique and the lack of available engineering data is causing the slow growth of this technique. In the present investigation, SC-CO2 extraction was carried out to extract the oil from wheat germ under various operating conditions and the oil samples were characterized for properties such as phosphorous and tocol contents (vitamin E). A three-level Box Behnken design from response surface methodology was applied to optimize the SC-CO2 extraction parameters such as pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate with an objective to obtain high oil yield, rich tocol contents and low phosphorous content. The process parameters were maintained between 30 to 50 MPa, 40 to 60 °C and a flow rate of 10 to 30 g·min-1 in a Box Behnken design matrix. Three different second order polynomial models were obtained for oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents with high R2 values. The optimum conditions were found to be 50 M Pa, 60 °C and 30 g·min-1 where the predicted oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents were found to be 8.87%, 31.86 mg·Kg-1 and 2059.92 mg·Kg-1 respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents obtained were found to be very close to the values predicted by the model.
Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts
Authors: Özbek H. N. , Koçak Yanık D. , Fadıloğlu S. , Keskin Çavdar H. , Göğüş F.
Published: August 2018

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.
Antioxidant and anticancer efficacy of therapeutic bioactive compounds from fermented olive waste
Authors: Mahmoud A. E. , Fathy S. A. , Ali M. M. , Ezz M. K. , Mohammed A. T.
Published: August 2018

Olive pomace, which is considered as one of the worst agro-industrial wastes in Mediterranean countries was tested for bioactive compounds production through the solid state fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus. Because they present potent biological activities, phenolic compounds from both unfermented and fermented pomace were extracted with simultaneous evaluation of their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Conditions for optimum total phenolic recovery with maximum antioxidant activity were optimized using methanol as the extracting solvent with a sample to solvent ratio of 1:10 at 50 °C for 2 hours. The in-vitro anticancer activity of both extracts was assessed against different human cancer cell lines. The results revealed that both extracts exerted anticancer effects close to the value of doxorubicin drug against liver HepG2 and breast MCF-7 cell lines, and moderate activity against prostate PC3 and colon HCT116 cell lines. Nevertheless, the fermented extract was more potent than the unfermented one. No effect against lung A549, cervix Hela cancer cell lines or normal HFB4 cells was observed for both extracts. A GC/MS analysis was carried out to determine the compounds responsible for antioxidant and anticancer activities. The results showed the presence of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate, and ethyl oleate in the methanolic extract of unfermented olive pomace, while that of the fermented one showed the production of carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, caryophyllene oxide and methyl isopalmitate.
The impact of saturated monoacylglycerols on the oxidative stability of Canola oil under various time/temperature conditions
Authors: Naderi M. , Farmani J. , Rashidi L.
Published: August 2018

Due to the inconsistency of monoacylglycerols’ (MAGs) impacts and the lack of research concerning the weight of saturated monoacylglycerols on the oxidative stability of oils, the current study was designed. For this purpose, saturated MAGs at 0.5, 3.0 and 5.0% were added to canola oil and subsequently exposed to a Schaall oven test at 60 °C for 31 days (to assimilate moderate thermal conditions and a prolonged treatment time) and a Rancimat test at 110 °C (to assimilate extreme thermal conditions and shorter treatment time). To evaluate the quality and oxidative stability parameters of MAG-containing canola oil, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and the oxidative stability index (OSI) were determined. The findings indicated that with the increase in MAG levels, the FFA increased from 0.05 up to 0.2%. The PV increased from 2 to 100 meq/L with the increase in MAG concentration. Also, it was shown that OSI increased from 12.20 to 13.10 h, which was proportional to MAG concentration.
Isolation of the unsaponifiable matter (squalene, phytosterols, tocopherols, γ-oryzanol and fatty alcohols) from a fatty acid distillate of rice bran oil
Authors: Sahu S. , Ghosh M. , Bhattacharyya D. K.
Published: August 2018

Rice bran oil is characterized by its unique composition of unsaponifiable matter such as oryzanol, squalene, sterols, tocopherols and fatty alcohols. Rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBOFAD) is an important by-product of physical refining plants. In the present study, an appropriate fractionation methodology is proposed for isolating the unsaponifiable matter into two fractions, squalene, phytosterols and fatty alcohols as fraction 1; tocopherols and γ- oryzanol as fraction 2. The two fractions together constitute the total unsaponifiable matter in the RBOFAD. The individual unsaponifiable matter components (γ-oryzanol 1.78g/100g, squalene 209.63 mg/100g, tocopherol 2.45mg/100g, total phytosterols 3.79g/100g and fatty alcohols 94.23g/100g) were isolated from RBOFAD by combining a chemical esterification process and liquid-liquid extraction process with 95% ethanol which extracted tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, sterols, squalene, FFA, monoglycerides; later with hexane extraction of the alkaline phase to remove squalene, sterols and fatty alcohols. The alkaline salts of tocopherols and γ-oryzanol are decomposed by the acidification and extraction of the unsaponifiable matter with n-hexane.
A Mediterranean-style breakfast increases postprandial serum α-tocopherol levels in lean and obese individuals
Authors: García-Rodríguez S. , Sinausia L. , Barragán C. , Montero E. , Perona J. S.
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the variations in the concentrations of tocopherols and retinol in obese adults in the postprandial state after the intake of a Mediterranean or Western-style breakfast. The study was designed as a randomized, controlled intervention trial in the postprandial state, for which 24 male adults (12 obese and 12 of normalweight) were recruited. After a fat challenge, blood samples were collected at different times postprandially and α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and retinol concentrations were determined in serum by HPLC. The Mediterranean-style meal produced a greater increase in serum α-tocopherol levels in both obese and normal-weight subjects, compared to the Western-style meal, indicating that the composition of the food affects the concentration of tocopherols in the postprandial state. However, the serum concentrations of γ-tocopherol and retinol remained unmodified. In conclusion, the presence of α-tocopherol in the meal could contribute to the protection of the Mediterranean-style meal against atherosclerosis in the postprandial state.
La vie de saint Aubin par Fortunat
Authors: Carpentier Élisabeth , Pon Georges
Published: August 2018

Installé à Poitiers, Venance Fortunat a contribué à
créer le culte de saint Aubin, évêque d’Angers de 538 à 550. La Vita
s. Albini (BHL 234) répond à une commande de l’évêque d’Angers
Domitianus, mort entre 569 et 572. Nous en publions ici une traduction
fondée sur l’édition de Bruno Krusch en 1885 (MGH, AA, IV 2, p.
27-33). Même s’il contient quelques précisions historiques, le récit
obéit aux mêmes conventions que les autres vitæ en prose de Venance
Fortunat : naissance noble du saint, imitation du Christ dans la vie
monastique et ascétique permettant au saint d’accéder à la « vertu »
thaumaturgique. Ce sont les miracles qui occupent l’essentiel de la
dernière partie, consacrée à l’épiscopat d’Aubin. Du point de vue
formel, la Vita recourt au style relevé dans le discours dédicataire ;
la suite du texte, composée d’un enchaînement de brefs épisodes,
cache, sous une apparence « rustique » (sermo
rusticus), les éclats d’une rhétorique subtile.
Les miracles posthumes de saint Aubin d’Angers
Authors: Carpentier Élisabeth , Pon Georges
Published: August 2018

Le culte de saint Aubin a commencé très tôt puisque
Grégoire de Tours rapporte deux de ses miracles. Déposé depuis le vie siècle dans une basilique suburbaine qui a
pris le nom de saint Aubin, le corps du saint évêque reposait au xie siècle dans la crypte de l’abbatiale du
puissant monastère angevin. C’est là qu’eurent lieu la plupart des
miracles. Ils sont rassemblés dans deux groupes de récits, écrits l’un
et l’autre au xie siècle. Il s’agit surtout
de récits de guérison, mais ils nous renseignent aussi sur divers
aspects de la vie quotidienne. Composés par des moines de saint Aubin,
ces miracles du xie siècle témoignent à la
fois de l’activité du scriptorium de l’abbaye
et de la ferveur qui entourait la tradition hagiographique du saint
fondateur.
Justice et émotions sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Murphy Gwénael
Published: August 2018

Dans le Poitou, entre le milieu du xviie siècle et le début de
la Révolution française, près d’un millier de femmes et une dizaine
d’hommes entament des procédures en séparation conjugale, de biens ou
de corps. Si les difficultés matérielles expliquent le plus souvent
leurs démarches, les archives des justices d’Ancien régime rapportent
régulièrement les descriptions détaillées de vies de couple
chaotiques, voire violentes. Parmi toutes les lectures possibles des
dépositions, l’analyse du registre émotionnel est intéressant.
Celui-ci s’avère freiné, en premier lieu, par une législation qui ne
reconnaît que la mise en danger des biens de l’épouse comme motif
valable de dissolution de la communauté, et en second lieu par les
préjugés sociaux des hommes de loi qui se représentent les femmes « du
peuple » comme insensibles aux violences maritales. Toutefois, à 135
reprises, les émotions ressenties sont mises en avant par les
protagonistes, plaignantes ou témoins. Un recensement et une étude
détaillée de ce lexique des affects permettent, particulièrement grâce
à trois affaires de violences féminines, de mettre en lumière l’usage
d’un vocabulaire non sexué, la relation de genre étant supplantée par
le rapport accusé/victime. Enfin, les émotions, si elles décrivent des
situations réelles, sont instrumentalisées et appelées en dernier
recours, dans les procédures d’appel ou lorsque le scandale s’étale
sur la place publique.
La figure de l’entrepreneur textile dans le Maine : l’exemple de la famille Véron (1684-v.1750)
Authors: Goethal Alexis
Published: August 2018

Le commerce de l’étamine, une étoffe de laine
précieuse, fait la renommée du Mans aux xviie et xviiie siècles. Parmi les
familles de marchand-fabricants, puis de négociants, les Véron ont une
place centrale. Ils seraient à l’origine de la création de l’étamine
ainsi que de sa diffusion vers de lointains marchés. Si la famille a
surtout été étudiée pour l’apport de François Véron de Forbonnais à la
pensée économique du xviiie siècle, l’article propose de se concentrer sur les
fondateurs de cette véritable dynastie entrepreneuriale. Une relecture
du cas de Guillaume Véron l’aîné, au coeur d’un procès visant à
l’obtention d’un privilège d’invention (1695-1699), est ainsi proposée
au prisme de l’historiographie récente. L’étude des stratégies
entrepreneuriales et du rôle du cercle familial élargie, notamment aux
femmes, permet de nuancer la vision d’un self made man des Lumières.
Enfin, l’étude de l’entrepreneur dans son contexte social permet
d’étudier la trajectoire de la famille jusqu’à son retrait progressif
du commerce dans la seconde moitié du xviiie siècle.
L. J. M. Bizeul et son « Aperçu général sur l’étude des voies romaines » : un jalon pour l’histoire de l’archéologie en Bretagne
Authors: Daniel Jacques
Published: August 2018

Louis-Jacques-Marie Bizeul (1785-1861) fut, sous la
Restauration, maire de Blain, petite ville distante d’une trentaine de
kilomètres de Nantes. Notaire de profession, il commença, dès la fin
des années 1810, à s’intéresser à l’étude des antiquités. Au contact
du foyer culturel nantais et, notamment, de Pierre- Louis Athénas
(1752-1829) alors figure dominante de la Société académique de Nantes,
il fit de l’étude des voies romaines son domaine de prédilection.
Toutefois, ce n’est que tardivement, au début des années 1840, qu’il
obtint la reconnaissance de ses pairs et s’affirma comme un érudit et
un archéologue de premier plan au sein, notamment, de l’Association
bretonne qu’il avait contribué à fonder aux côtés d’Arcisse de
Caumont. Son Aperçu général sur l’étude des voies romaines, lu au
congrès de Rennes (1844) de cette association, illustre ce tournant.
Replacée dans son contexte, cette courte allocution, véritable
profession de foi archéologique, se prête à différents niveaux de
lecture : aboutissement d’une trajectoire personnelle, elle témoigne
aussi du passage de témoin entre deux générations celle des «
antiquaires » et celle des « archéologues » et préfigure déjà les
affrontements entre « romanistes » et « bretonistes » qui émailleront
l’existence de la première Association bretonne. À ce titre, elle peut
être considérée comme un jalon important de l’histoire de
l’archéologie en Bretagne.
Nod2 Deficiency Augments Th17 Responses and Exacerbates Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Napier Ruth J. , Lee Ellen J. , Vance Emily E. , Snow Paige E. , Samson Kimberly A. , Dawson Clare E. , Moran Amy E. , Stenzel Peter , Davey Michael P. , Sakaguchi Shimon , Rosenzweig Holly L.
Published: August 2018

Arthritis in a genetically susceptible SKG strain of mice models a theoretical paradigm wherein autoimmune arthritis arises because of interplay between preexisting autoreactive T cells and environmental stimuli. SKG mice have a point mutation in ZAP-70 that results in attenuated TCR signaling, altered thymic selection, and spontaneous production of autoreactive T cells that cause arthritis following exposure to microbial β-glucans. In this study, we identify Nod2, an innate immune receptor, as a critical suppressor of arthritis in SKG mice. SKG mice deficient in Nod2 (Nod2−/−SKG) developed a dramatically exacerbated form of arthritis, which was independent of sex and microbiota, but required the skg mutation in T cells. Worsened arthritis in Nod2−/−SKG mice was accompanied by expansion of Th17 cells, which to some measure coproduced TNF, GM-CSF, and IL-22, along with elevated IL-17A levels within joint synovial fluid. Importantly, neutralization of IL-17A mitigated arthritis in Nod2−/−SKG mice, indicating that Nod2-mediated protection occurs through suppression of the Th17 response. Nod2 deficiency did not alter regulatory T cell development or function. Instead, Nod2 deficiency resulted in an enhanced fundamental ability of SKG CD4+ T cells (from naive mice) to produce increased levels of IL-17 and to passively transfer arthritis to lymphopenic recipients on a single-cell level. These data reveal a previously unconsidered role for T cell–intrinsic Nod2 as an endogenous negative regulator of Th17 responses and arthritogenic T cells. Based on our findings, future studies aimed at understanding a negative regulatory function of Nod2 within autoreactive T cells could provide novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of patients with arthritis.
SYNE1-related Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia, Congenital Cerebellar Hypoplasia, and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Swan Lauren , Cardinal John , Coman David
Published: August 2018

The spectrin repeat-containing nuclear envelope protein 1 (SYNE1) gene encodes a family of spectrin structural proteins that are associated with anchoring the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. SYNE1-related disease is most commonly reported in autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 8, which demonstrates variable age of onset with a median of 30 years of age. However pathogenic mutations in SYNE1 are also causative of arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, a severe congenital neuromuscular condition. Here in we report monozygous twins with childhood onset ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia, dysarthria, and cognitive impairment sharing two novel heterozygous mutations in the SYNE1 gene. Our family may expand the clinical phenotype associated with SYNE1-related disease and offers possible genotype-phenotype correlations of a rare continuum of clinical disease phenotypes from neonatal to adult onset.
Spectrum of clinicohematological profile and its correlation with average parasite density in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Agarwal Poojan , Marwah Sadhna , Nigam A. S. , Tiwari Awantika
Published: August 2018

Background:

Leishmaniasis is the prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demonstration of Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies in the bone marrow aspirates (BMA) is vital to diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In the present study, we studied the clinicohematological parameters encountered in VL and correlated them with parasite load on BMA.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis over 3 years was done; clinical details, biochemical profile, complete hemogram with peripheral smear findings, and BMA smears were reviewed and average parasite density (APD) calculated in each case. Multivariate analysis and tests of significance were applied.

Results:

The study included 28 patients. Splenomegaly showed a positive trend with APD. rK39 antigen detection test was 100% positive in select cases. A strong negative correlation was observed between albumin to globulin ratio and grade of APD. BMA revealed hemophagocytosis (HPS) in 78.57% cases and it had a significant strong correlation with APD (P= 0.014). A significant correlation was also observed between APD and bone marrow plasma cell percentage (P= 0.01). LD bodies were noted in unusual locations such as within myelocytes (14.2%), plasma cells (7.1%), and megakaryocytes (10.7%).

Conclusion:

HPS and bone marrow plasmacytosis were two statistically significant findings, which showed positive correlation with parasite load. The presence of these two findings should prompt hematopathologists for more focused search of hemoparasites in BMA to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. This will avoid unnecessary workups and improve the prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, a statistical correlation between APD and clinicohematological parameters has never been previously studied.
Development of immunodetection system for botulinum neurotoxin serotype E
Authors: Sarita R. , Ponmariappan Sarkaraisamy , Sharma Arti , Kamboj Dev Vrat , Jain A. K.
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:

Botulism, a potentially fatal paralytic illness, is caused by the botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) secreted by Clostridium botulinum. It is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. BoNTs are classified into seven serotypes based on the serological properties. Among these seven serotypes, A, B, E and, rarely, F are responsible for human botulism. The present study was undertaken to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based detection system for the detection of BoNT/E.

Methods:

The synthetic gene coding the light chain of BoNT serotype E (BoNT/E LC) was constructed using the polymerase chain reaction primer overlapping method, cloned into pQE30UA vector and then transformed into Escherichia coli M15 host cells. Recombinant protein expression was optimized using different concentrations of isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), different temperature and the rBoNT/E LC protein was purified in native conditions using affinity column chromatography. The purified recombinant protein was checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and further confirmed by western blot and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF). Polyclonal antibodies were generated against rBoNT/E LC using Freund's adjuvant in BALB/c mice and rabbit. Sandwich ELISA was optimized for the detection of rBoNT/E LC and native crude BoNT/E, and food matrix interference was tested. The developed antibodies were further evaluated for their specificity/cross-reactivity with BoNT serotypes and other bacterial toxins.

Results:

BoNT/E LC was successfully cloned, and the maximum expression was achieved in 16 h of post-induction using 0.5 mM IPTG concentration at 25°C. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in BALB/c mice and rabbit and the antibody titre was raised up to 128,000 after the 2nd booster dose. The developed polyclonal antibodies were highly specific and sensitive with a detection limit about 50 ng/ml for rBoNT/E LC and 2.5×103 MLD50 of native crude BoNT/E at a dilution of 1:3000 of mouse (capturing) and rabbit (revealing) antibodies. Further, different liquid, semisolid and solid food matrices were tested, and rBoNT/E LC was detected in almost all food samples, but different levels of interference were detected in different food matrices.

Interpretation & conclusions:

There is no immune detection system available commercially in India to detect botulism. The developed system might be useful for the detection of botulinum toxin in food and clinical samples. Further work is in progress.
Therapeutic implications of nano-encapsulated rifabutin, azithromycin & ethambutol against experimental Mycobacterium avium infection in mice
Authors: Grewal Tapinder Kaur , Majeed Shahnawaz , Sharma Sadhna
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:

Mycobacterium avium causes atypical infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Conventional chemotherapy for M. avium infection is not efficient due to lengthy course of treatment and drug-associated toxic side effects. The present study was aimed at reducing dosing frequency of antimicrobial regimen consisting of azithromycin (AZM), rifabutin (RBT) and ethambutol (EMB) by encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticles (NPs) in experimental M. avium infection in mice.

Methods:

Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) NPs containing anti-M. avium drugs were prepared, characterized and studied for their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics parameters. Drug-loaded NPs were further analyzed for their therapeutic efficacy against experimental M. avium infection in mice.

Results:

Drug-loaded NPs were of size 227.3±16.4 for RBT, 334.35±11.7 for AZM and 509.85±20.5 for EMB with smooth surface morphology and negative zeta potential. AZM, EMB and RBT from NPs were detectable for 6, 4 and 5 days, respectively, in the mice plasma, whereas free drugs were cleared from mice circulation within 24 h. Chemotherapeutic effects of weekly administered drug-loaded NPs were equivalent to daily administered free drugs.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our findings showed that NPs gave sustained release of drugs inside plasma and organs, thus decreasing dosage frequency, and their weekly dosage had therapeutic efficacy equivalent to daily dosage of free drugs.
S961, a biosynthetic insulin receptor antagonist, downregulates insulin receptor expression & suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells
Authors: Sharma Prateek , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:

Insulin resistance associated with hyperinsulinaemia and overexpression of insulin receptors (IRs) have been intricately linked to the pathogenesis and treatment outcomes of the breast carcinoma. Studies have revealed that upregulated expression of IRs in breast cancer pathogenesis regulates several aspects of the malignant phenotype, including cell proliferation and metastasis. This study was aimed to investigate the pivotal role of an IR antagonist S961 on IR signalling and other biological parameters in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines.

Methods:

The effect of human insulin and S961 on growth, proliferation rate and clonogenic potential of breast cancer cells was evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide] assay and clonogenic assay. The mRNA expression of IR isoforms (IR-A and IR-B) was measured in the breast carcinoma cells using quantitative PCR.

Results:

The study revealed that breast cancer cells predominantly expressed IR-A isoform and showed extensive growth and proliferation owing to IR overexpression. It was found that S961 downregulated the IRs (IR-A and IR-B) with nanomolar dose and efficiently blocked expression of IRs even in the presence of insulin. IR mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated in the continued presence of S961. S961 also inhibited cellular proliferation and colony formation in breast tumour cells.

Interpretation & conclusions:

IR antagonist, S961 showed distinct antagonism in vitro and appeared to be a powerful therapeutic modality that might provide insight into the pathogenesis of impaired IR signalling.
Feasibility and Utility of Tele-Neurorehabilitation Service in India: Experience from a Quaternary Center
Authors: Khanna Meeka , Gowda Guru S. , Bagevadi Virupaksha Irappa , Gupta Anupam , Kulkarni Karishma , Shyam R. P. S. , Basavaraju Vinay , Ramesh Manjunatha B. , N. Sashidhara H. , Manjunatha Narayana , Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar , Math Suresh Bada
Published: August 2018

Background: Neurological rehabilitation service in developing countries like India is a great challenge in view of limited resources and manpower. Currently, neurological rehabilitation with a multidisciplinary team is limited to a few major cities in the country. Tele-neurorehabilitation (TNR) is considered as an alternative and innovative approach in health care. It connects the needy patients with the health-care providers with minimum inconvenience and yields cost-effective health care. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the socioclinical parameters, feasibility, and utility of TNR services in India. Methodology: A retrospective file review of TNR consultations provided through Telemedicine Center at a quaternary hospital-based research center in south India between August 2012 and January 2016. Results: A total of 37 consultations were provided to the patients belonging to four districts of Karnataka. The mean age of the patients was 34.7 (±19.5) years, 23 (62.1%) were aged between 19 and 60 years, and 31 (83.8%) were male. Thirty-one patients (83.8%) had central nervous system-related disorders such as stroke, cerebral palsy, and tubercular meningitis with sequelae or neuromuscular disorders such as Guillain–Barre Syndrome and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Twelve patients (32.4%) were advised to consult higher centers in the vicinity, and the rest was referred to the district hospital. Conclusion: The findings suggest that TNR services are feasible, effective, and less resource intensive in delivering quality telemedicine care in India. More clinical studies are required to elucidate its full utility at different levels and in different parts of the country.