bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarity from Violence? Intragroup Aggression and the Structure of Status Hierarchies
Authors: Chu James
Published: April 2023

Status hierarchies are fundamental forms of social order that structure peer interactions like intragroup aggression. The reciprocal relationship, however, remains unclear. Does intragroup aggression strengthen, or weaken, status hierarchies? Under what conditions? To answer these questions, I analyze an original dataset containing victimization and directed friendship networks of 8,229 adolescents across 256 classes and three semesters. Measuring the strength of status hierarchies by how likely friendship nominations are characterized by hierarchical triads, I show that peer aggression weakens status hierarchies, and temporal sequences indicate the results are unlikely to be explained by reverse causality. I theorize that clear status hierarchies emerge through coordinated reallocations of esteem, and peer aggression engenders hierarchy primarily by giving onlookers shared opportunities to coordinate. Peer aggression, however, is frequently ambiguous, and onlookers arrive at inconsistent interpretations, fragmenting how they assign esteem and reducing the clarity of status distinctions. Additional analyses confirm that whether peer aggression strengthens or weakens status hierarchies depends on the consistent perceptions of onlookers. Taken together, this research demonstrates the significance of third-party onlookers and their ability to consistently interpret interactions, while offering new explanations for when peer aggression is self-limiting or persistent.
The Politics of State Mergers in the Qaddafi’s Foreign Policy: Utopia, Pan-Arabism, and Survival Strategy
Authors: Tamburini Francesco
Published: April 2023

Qaddafi’s unpredictable foreign policy always attracted attention from academics and politicians. However, very few works were devoted to examine an important part of the Libyan leader’s diplomacy: The staunch and fervent Arab nationalism directed to promote the creation of state unions with neighboring (and sometimes even far) countries in the perspective of pan-Arabism. Adventurism, limitless ambitions, and irrational projects also hid a pragmatic approach that had its roots in the quest for regional balance of power in the Arab world and the constant search to limit or break the isolation that surrounded Libya, considered a pariah and a rogue state.
Constitutive modeling of stress relaxation for fabric reinforced rubber composites
Authors: Wang Xinfeng , Mao Jinwei , Yu Jian
Published: April 2023

Establishing an unsteady fractional order Zener model with degradation parameters has significant meaning for predicting stress relaxation of fabric reinforced rubber composites. Based on the experimental results, an integer order Zener model was deduced to demonstrate the stress relaxation behaviors of fabric reinforced rubber composites and pure rubber. Due to the limitations, however, the integer order Zener model could not explain the stress relaxation behavior of the fabric reinforced rubber composites (the FRR) very well. Therefore, a Zener model was developed based on the viscoelasticity theory and the fractional calculus theory to characterize the stress relaxation behavior, but errors still existed in the initial and final stages. With more reasonable physical interpretation, an unsteady fractional order Zener model degraded by parametric aging with 7 parameters is proposed in this paper to accurately capture the stress relaxation behavior of the FRR, whose correlation coefficient is over 99.99%. The parameter sensitivities of the seven-parameter model were analyzed. Present study may provide a critical step for designing and evaluating the fabric reinforced rubber composites.
Preparing Cherokee Language Teachers: Lessons Learned From an Innovative Licensure Program
Authors: Kissau Scott , Davin Kristin , Moore Kristen
Published: April 2023

Cherokee is an endangered Indigenous language. Revitalization efforts often include offering Cherokee language instruction, but these efforts have been hampered by a lack of qualified teachers. An initial licensure program was launched in fall 2019 aimed at supporting Cherokee language renewal via the preparation of teachers. While a step forward, little is known about this program and the extent to which it meets the needs of Cherokee language teacher candidates. In response, we conducted a year-long case study to chronicle the experiences of a Cherokee language teacher as he completes this program. Results confirmed that teachers of Indigenous languages may still be developing language proficiency and may lack resources, rendering instruction more challenging. Findings also shed light on beneficial program characteristics (e.g., attention to lesson and unit plan design) and emphasized the need for greater involvement of the Indigenous community in teacher preparation programs.
Prospects for Democratizing the Corporation in US Law
Authors: Freeland Robert F.
Published: April 2023

This essay examines the prospects for democratizing corporations in the context of US corporate law. US corporate law is “enabling”—it provides enormous latitude to design and alter the rules of corporate governance in almost any way participants see fit. This creates greater room for democratization than is often recognized; at least in principle, there is plenty of room to add employees or other constituencies to corporate boards. Yet board decisions are deeply constrained both by directors’ fiduciary duties and by the values and assumptions underlying US corporate law, all of which are strongly biased toward shareholder primacy. These create ongoing ideological and material barriers in both corporate law and supporting institutions that serve as strong obstacles to democratization.
Mode I fracture mechanisms and crack evolution behavior of three-dimensional braided composites
Authors: Fang Juan , Zhang Junjie , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: April 2023

Three-dimensional braided composites possess higher inter-laminar fracture toughness than two-dimensional laminates, while the mode I fracture toughness behavior of three-dimensional braided composites is still unknown. Here we report mode I fracture behavior of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites tested with the double-cantilever beam method. The samples with a pre-crack were tested using the MTS device, and the fracture process was recorded to calculate the fracture toughness. The effects of different loading rates on fracture behavior were compared. The strain field at the crack tip was obtained by the digital image correlation technique. The damage morphologies were scanned by X-ray microcomputer tomography. It was found that the bridging effect of braiding yarns prevents cracks from initiation and propagation, while the intertwining points of the braiding structure cause crack bifurcation. The braided architecture provides an effective way to hinder crack propagation. The stiffness of composites tends to decrease as the loading rate rises. The higher loading rate results in a lower critical load level for crack propagation and reduces fracture toughness. The results show that the three-dimensional braided structure is an effective method for increasing the fracture toughness. We hope the results can be used for the design of higher fracture toughness composite structures.
Discrete path planning of carbon fiber patch placement with complex surface
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Chi Xinfu , Ji Chengchang
Published: April 2023

At present, carbon fiber automatic placement technology is mainly applicable to the preform of large and complex components, while the preform of small size and large curvature carbon fiber components mainly relies on manual placement, which has the problems of high labor cost, slow speed, and low repeatability. In order to realize the automatic placement of carbon fiber components with large curvature and small size, this article adopts the carbon fiber patch placement method to make the preforms. By combining the surface subdivision method and the finite element optimization method of carbon fiber patch placement angle, a discrete path planning method of robotic carbon fiber patch is proposed. This method divides the complex surface into surface fragments with similar curvature and normal angle, which can effectively reduce the wrinkles in the process of carbon fiber patch placement and improve the utilization of carbon fiber patch. At the same time, the stiffness optimization design of carbon fiber patch composite preforming is realized by combining the finite element optimization method of placement angle. The helmet surface was selected as the research object of carbon fiber placement path planning, and the path planning of helmet surface placement was carried out, and the simulation tests of helmet placement in different regions and overall placement were compared. It was found that the stiffness of carbon fiber patches placed in different regions of the helmet surface was better than that of the overall placement.
Queering utopia: Pride walks in modernist Chandigarh
Authors: Sharma Preetika , Gandhi Kanchan , Sabhlok Anu
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we queer the understanding of urban spaces to move forward a utopian project. ‘Let this be a new town unfettered by the traditions of the past, a step into the future’, proclaimed Nehru about Chandigarh. Designed by Le Corbusier and his team in the 1950s, Chandigarh was symbolically and materially meant to propel India into modernity. Although built with the ideals of socialism and secularism, Chandigarh is very much an elite city. This paper traces the Queer Pride parade initiated in the year 2013 to appreciate how non-normative groups challenge and subvert the planning of Chandigarh. Our attempt in this paper is to queer the utopian understanding of Chandigarh. We do this through a reading of pride walks as disruptive moments that assign new possibilities and meanings to public spaces. Technocratic solutions proposed as part of grand urban planning imaginations can never take us closer to utopia. Instead, we argue, it is through disruptions caused by events like pride parades that we slowly inch towards utopia. In making the above argument, this paper pushes the boundaries of both queer theory and urban utopian imaginations.
Militarism and the Politics of Covid-19 Response in Uganda
Authors: Khisa Moses , Rwengabo Sabastiano
Published: April 2023

Within the broader context of securitized responses to Covid-19 globally, Uganda experienced an oversized military role, ranging from law-and-order and lockdown enforcement, to managing food-relief supplies, medical operations, and partisan political repression. What explains this excessive militarization? To address this poser, the article draws on secondary sources and key-informant interviews to test the hypothesis that military involvement in pandemic responses depends on pre-pandemic militarism. The findings reveal direct links between pre-crisis militarism and Covid-19 responses, contrary to the view that exceptionality and novelty of Covid-19 informed overly militarized responses. Through pandemic framing and institutional morphing, pre-pandemic militarism foregrounded military roles because Covid-19 provided Uganda’s ruling elites with a public health pretext to heighten militaristic rule, clutch the political arena in the context of elections, and deepen military presence in civilian public health realms. This excessive militarization of public health seriously impacts civil–military relations, specifically command and control, reporting and accountability, and resources management.
Retirement and Volunteering in Germany – Historical Changes and Social Inequalities
Authors: Henning Georg , Arriagada Céline , Karnick Nora
Published: April 2023

The first years of retirement have often been seen as a typical time window to take up (or intensify) voluntary work. Due to the changing context of retirement and historical differences in resources, the role of retirement for volunteering may have changed with historical time. We compared individuals aged 60–70 in five cross-sectional waves (1999, 2004, 2009, 2014, 2019) of the German Survey on Volunteering (Deutscher Freiwilligensurvey: FWS) to investigate how the association of retirement status and volunteering has changed. We found a negative association of retirement and volunteering, which was not significant once controlling for age, education, gender and region. While engagement levels seem to have increased with historical time, voluntary work seems to have become less time consuming. There were no historical differences in the association of retirement and volunteering. Our results highlight the role of historical time and contextual factors when investigating volunteering and post-retirement activities.
Tomographic 3D ultrasound for grading stenosis of superficial femoral artery
Authors: Alzahrani Adel , Sultan Salahaden R , Aslam Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Treatment decision of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is governed by the severity of stenosis. Tomographic 3D ultrasound (t3DUS) is a reliable imaging technique for measuring vessel stenosis. In this study we attempted to provide a precise measurement of superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenosis using t3DUS in patients with PAD.

Methods

t3DUS was used to measure maximum stenosis percentage in SFA from 50 patients with lower extremity PAD. The maximum stenosed segment in SFA was defined using Duplex 2DUS aliasing was noted. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured at the maximum stenotic site and proximal to aliasing for calculating the velocity ratio. The association between blood flow velocity ratio and the degree of stenosis measured using Duplex 2DUS and t3DUS, respectively, was assessed using Spearman rank correlation.

Results

There was a strong positive correlation between velocity ratio and degree of stenosis in SFA measured using t3DUS (correlation value (r) = 0.99, p < 0.001). The correlation between Stenosis percentage and velocity ratio in SFA are as followed: <50:<2; 50–54:2–2.4; 55–59:2.5–2.9; 60–64:3–3.4; 65–69:3.5–3.9; 70–74:4–4.4; 75–79:4.5–4.9; >80:>5.

t3DUS can be used to provide precise measurement of the severity of SFA stenosis in patients with lower extremities arterial disease. The established criteria for grading SFA stenosis in this study can be applied to the current practice alongside Duplex 2DUS as it showed a strong positive correlation with velocity ratio. Further studies investigating the sensitivity and specificity of t3DUS in the assessment of stenosis in lower limbs arteries are required.
Potential role of plasma branched-chain amino acids in the differential diagnosis of acute cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Jiang Huimin , Zhou Chen , Wei Huimin , Wu Yan , Zhou Yifan , Xiao Xuechun , Liu Lu , Li Ming , Duan Jiangang , Meng Ran , Ji Xunming
Published: April 2023

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a special and easily misdiagnosed or undiagnosed subtype of stroke. To identify specific biomarkers with a high predictive ability for the diagnosis of acute CVT, we performed metabolomic analysis in plasma samples from acute CVT patients and healthy controls and confirmed the results in validation cohorts. In the discovery stage, there were 343 differential metabolites, and the caffeine metabolism pathway and the biosynthesis pathway for the branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine, and isoleucine were two significant pathways between the CVT and healthy cohorts. The area under the curve (AUC) for metabolites associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis was 0.934. In the validation stage, the BCAA concentrations demonstrated an AUC of 0.935 to differentiate patients with acute CVT from the control cohort. In addition, BCAAs combined with D-dimer levels were used to establish a diagnostic model for CVT, and the AUC was 0.951, showing good diagnostic efficacy of separating CVT patients from the control cohort. BCAAs as plasma biomarkers deserve to be further studied and even developed in clinical CVT management.
Street-Level Bias: Examining Factors Related to Street-Level Bureaucrats’ State or Citizen Favoritism
Authors: Gershgoren Sagi , Cohen Nissim
Published: April 2023

Administration of street-level bureaucrats requires prior knowledge of what affects their use of discretion. However, there is a lack of understanding as to what influences their decision-making when choosing between claims made by the state or by its citizens. Without such knowledge, public administration at the street-level can sustain the perception that street-level bureaucrats have a state-preference bias, lowering citizens’ view of public service delivery by those perceived as the face of governance. This study focuses on decisions street-level bureaucrats make when resolving disputes between citizens and other state officials. Using real-world resolutions made over three decades by lower-court judges in Israeli civil tax disputes, the findings reveal a link between factors associated with street-level bureaucrats’ common characteristics and state favoritism in their resolutions. The findings also imply that policymakers who want to mitigate such outcomes can use citizen administrative participation-based influencers to promote street-level bureaucrats’ pro-citizen tendencies.
Calling for Cancellation: Understanding how Markets Are Shaped to Realign With Prevailing Societal Values
Authors: Demsar Vlad , Ferraro Carla , Nguyen July , Sands Sean
Published: April 2023

Cancellations, often referred to derogatively as “cancel culture”, are becoming increasingly pervasive in public discourse, political debate, and the marketing field. Cancellations pose a clear threat to established market actors and have the potential to re-organize institutional structures. However, empirical work investigating this phenomenon is limited. This study adopts an institutional theory lens to investigate how calls for brand cancellation unfold. In doing so, it provides insight into how markets are shaped to realign with prevailing institutional logics around political ideology, race, gender, sexuality, abuse, and corporate greed. Further, it outlines the triggers that prompt institutional entrepreneurs to attempt to delegitimize the existence of incumbent brands. It also reveals how various actors (consumers, brands, media, affiliates, influencers, opponents) engage in institutional work to disrupt, create, or maintain institutional logics, as well as their own legitimacy. Macro implications for social values, political factions, markets, marketing practices, and brands are discussed.
Toward Automated Field Ballast Condition Evaluation: Algorithm Development Using a Vision Transformer Framework
Authors: Luo Jiayi , Huang Haohang , Ding Kelin , Qamhia Issam I. A. , Tutumluer Erol , Hart John M. , Thompson Hugh , Sussmann Theodore R.
Published: April 2023

Ballast degradation in the track substructure may cause poor drainage, settlement, and reduced lateral stability that may affect safety, daily operations, and long-term maintenance of a railroad system. Extreme levels of degradation in the ballast may result in service interruptions because of safety concerns. Therefore, field ballast condition evaluation is deemed crucial. Current state-of-the-practice methods for evaluating ballast condition primarily rely on subjective visual inspection, labor-intensive sampling, and laboratory sieve analyses of collected field samples. A network-level condition assessment of ballast and track substructure is commonly performed using ground-penetrating radar. For site-specific and detailed geotechnical analyses, development of a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective technique for ballast condition evaluation is urgently needed. This paper presents an innovative approach to accomplish image-based ballast condition evaluation based on deep learning techniques. A ballast image dataset (library) is established by collecting images from various railroad sites and laboratory setups of ballast piles. A vision transformer-based segmentation framework is implemented and trained with the established dataset and employed to serve as the image segmentation kernel to relate the image-based Percent Degraded Segments (PDS) with the ground-truth Fouling Index (FI). Based on the presented research findings, the proposed approach for field ballast condition evaluation will serve as the core data analysis component of an automated ballast scanning vehicle to conduct field ballast inspection, which is being developed to serve as an efficient and reliable system for the evaluation of ballast condition in ballasted railroad tracks.
Approach to Estimate Time to Friction Loss in Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical for the Florida Concrete Test Road
Authors: Issa Issa M. , Greene James
Published: April 2023

Local calibration of the fatigue cracking model used in the AASHTO Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) software is critical to accurately prediction of the performance of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP). Although calibration involves optimizing coefficients used in the model, other design inputs such as time to friction loss can have a significant impact on pavement performance. The degradation of friction between the concrete and supporting layers is a critical input since it indicates deterioration of the JPCP system before fatigue cracking is observed on the surface. This paper proposes an approach for estimating the time to friction loss for JPCP based on the relationship between effective thickness and pavement age determined with falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data. This study shows that using the estimated time to full friction loss rather than the default time causes a significant impact on pavement performance compared with only optimizing calibration coefficients. Ten sections with a similar climatic zone and JPCP structures to Florida’s concrete test road were considered in the development of a relationship between the time to full friction loss and pavement structure thickness. The relationship was used to estimate the expected time to friction loss for the Florida concrete test road as approximately 55 months for sections with a concrete thickness of 7 in. and 164 months for concrete sections of 10 in.
Access to Parks and Green Spaces in Quebec City, Canada: Developing Children-Specific Accessibility Measures
Authors: Robillard Arianne , Boisjoly Geneviève , Waygood Edward Owen Douglas
Published: April 2023

Accessibility indicators are gaining traction in research and planning as they provide a joint understanding of how transport networks and land-use patterns enable individuals to reach a variety of destinations. Local accessibility is especially beneficial for children as they do not have the same capacities to travel as adults and their independent mobility is generally constrained to active modes such as walking and cycling. Further, active and independent travel are linked to their health and well-being. Yet, there does not appear to have been much work done in relation to developing accessibility indicators specific to children. This study presents a methodology to specifically assess accessibility to parks (a key destination for children) on foot and by bicycle for children in Quebec City, Canada using open-access data. Accessibility indicators were generated for each residential lot based on the suitability of the pedestrian and cycling infrastructure for children. The number of parks accessible was presented and the equity of accessibility to parks was considered through population and socioeconomic measures. The results revealed a notable decrease in walking accessibility when only dedicated pedestrian infrastructure was considered, and differences between walking and cycling accessibility. This enabled the identification of accessibility gaps where the existing infrastructure did not provide safe access to parks and green spaces for children This research will be of interest to researchers and planners aiming to refine accessibility indicators to support children’s independent mobility, while taking equity into consideration.
Impact of Rumble Strips on Longitudinal Joint Pavement Performance
Authors: DeCarlo Katie Haslett , Thomas Todd , Wielinski Jason
Published: April 2023

Milled centerline rumble strips are commonly used to reduce lane departure crashes. Safety benefits of installing rumble strips are viewed as a higher priority than the potential impacts to longitudinal joint performance, often leading to a reduced pavement life. There are several different approaches to minimize the impact that rumble strips may have on joint performance, such as careful selection of pavement candidates for installation of rumble strips, using a sealant on top of the rumble strip (top-down) or using a joint sealer (bottom-up). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of using a void reducing asphalt membrane (VRAM) as a joint sealer on longitudinal joint performance with and without the addition of rumble strips. Laboratory testing was completed on plant mix lab compacted specimens and field cores sampled along the centerline joint of two different roadways. Testing consisted of low and intermediate temperature cracking tests and permeability testing. Results from this study showed that VRAM was effective in mitigating increased permeability concerns with the addition of rumble strips into the pavement surface. In relation to laboratory cracking results, there was no significant difference observed between cracking tolerance index (CT-Index) values with and without rumble strips for cores sampled from one project location, while the second project location showed that CT-Index increased with the presence of the VRAM. Continued monitoring of field sections included in this study and future trial sections will be beneficial in understanding the link between laboratory testing, field performance, and variability associated with centerline joint performance.
The Relationship Between the Joint Space and Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement: Reevaluating the 2-mm Rule
Authors: Ruzbarsky Joseph J. , Comfort Spencer M. , Lee Simon , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: April 2023

Background:

A limited joint space (<2 mm) is associated with poorer outcomes and conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) after hip arthroscopic surgery. As indications for hip arthroscopic surgery expand, it is important to reevaluate established risk factors among large patient populations.

Purpose:

To reevaluate the relationship between the radiographic joint space and outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery and to assess the validity of a joint space of 2 mm as the accepted cutoff for successful hip arthroscopic surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients aged 18 to 50 years who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement between January 2008 and December 2016 and had a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. Patients with previous ipsilateral hip surgery, a history of hip fractures, dysplasia (lateral center-edge angle <20°), or osteoarthritis (Tonnis grade >2) were excluded. The joint space was categorized as diminished (≤2 mm), borderline (>2 to ≤3 mm), or preserved (>3 mm). Minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS], Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living [HOS-ADL], Hip Outcome Score–Sports-Specific Subscale [HOS-SSS]), revision rates, and rates of conversion to THA were compared between groups.

Results:

A total of 699 patients (782 hips) with a mean age of 33.8 ± 10.1 years met 2-year inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 ± 2.1 years. Overall, 51 hips (6.5%) had a diminished joint space, 297 (38.0%) had a borderline joint space, and 434 (55.5%) had a preserved joint space. Patients with a diminished joint space had larger femoral and acetabular defects compared with those with larger joint spaces. All groups had improved patient-reported outcome scores compared with baseline ( P < .001 for all), and there were no differences between the groups in the percentage of patients who reached the minimal clinically important difference or patient acceptable symptom state. There were also no differences between the groups in revision rates ( P = .95). A greater number of hips with a diminished joint space converted to THA (n = 8 [15.7%]) compared with those with a borderline (n = 9 [3.0%]) or preserved (n = 9 [2.1%]) joint space ( P < .001). Considering joint space as a continuous variable, adjusted logistic regression showed that for every millimeter decrease in the joint space, the odds of conversion to THA increased by a factor of 2.5 (odds ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.6-3.8]).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that patients with a diminished joint space were at a higher risk of conversion to THA. Although 2 mm should not serve as a strict cutoff, patients should be counseled based on their preoperative radiographic findings accordingly.
Factors affecting intradialytic hepatic oxygenation: Associations between ultrafiltration rate and changes in systemic blood pressure
Authors: Ookawara Susumu , Ito Kiyonori , Ueda Yuichiro , Minato Saori , Kaneko Shohei , Hirata Momoko , Kitano Taisuke , Miyazawa Haruhisa , Hirai Keiji , Morishita Yoshiyuki
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Hepato-splanchnic circulation influences the oxygenation of abdominal organs and is important in preventing a reduction in intradialytic blood volume. However, the association between changes in intradialytic hepato-splanchnic circulation and clinical factors remain unknown.

Methods:

We enrolled 91 hemodialysis (HD) patients (20 with intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and 71 without IDH). During HD, hepatic regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of hepatic oxygenation reflecting hepato-splanchnic circulation and oxygenation, was monitored. Changes in hepatic rSO2 at the lowest systolic blood pressure (BP) during HD were analyzed to identify associations with clinical factors.

Results:

Hepatic rSO2 levels were 55.8 ± 15.3% before HD and 53.8 ± 14.9% at the lowest systolic BP; therefore, % changes in hepatic rSO2 were −2.7 ± 11.3%. These values were significantly lower in patients with IDH than in those without IDH (−13.8 ± 9.3% vs 0.4 ± 9.8%, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that % changes in hepatic rSO2 were independently associated with % changes in systolic BP (standardized coefficient: 0.416) and ultrafiltration rate (−0.206). Furthermore, % changes in mean BP (0.304) were identified as affecting % changes in hepatic rSO2 instead of those in systolic BP.

Conclusions:

Changes in intradialytic hepatic oxygenation is associated with ultrafiltration rate and changes in systemic BP. Further studies are required to clarify the directionality of the association between changes in hepatic oxygenation and changes in systemic BP during HD.
Mid-Adolescents’ Social Media Use: Supporting and Suppressing Autonomy
Authors: West Monique , Rice Simon , Vella-Brodrick Dianne
Published: April 2023

Autonomy development is an important process in adolescence and is central to a successful transition to adulthood. Social contexts play a crucial role in supporting and suppressing autonomy. Considering social media is a salient and important context for mid-adolescents it has the potential to strongly influence autonomy development. This study applied qualitative methods to examine mid-adolescents’ perspectives of how their social media use impacts autonomy. Participants included 36 students aged 15 years from four schools in Melbourne, Australia. All participants completed a rich picture mapping activity and focus group discussions, and a sub-sample of 11 adolescents participated in follow-up, one-on-one interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis generated two overarching themes; supporting autonomy and suppressing autonomy. Sub-themes included; promoting self-governance, facilitating choicefulness, developing a sense of self, external forces motivating use, fostering compulsive and non-intentional use, and affordances of social media threaten personal control. This study revealed that social media contributes to today’s adolescents encountering unique experiences with regard to their autonomy development compared with other generations. Findings highlighted the need to harness the autonomy-supportive aspects of social media use whilst mitigating the autonomy-suppressive ones to help mid-adolescents engage with social media in a way that promotes healthy functioning and wellbeing.
The Role of Consent and Motivations in Sext Dissemination
Authors: Clancy Elizabeth M. , Hallford David , March Evita , Howard Dominika , Toumbourou John W. , Klettke Bianca
Published: April 2023

Sext dissemination (i.e., the online sharing of sexually explicit images) has the potential to result in legal, social, and psychological harms. Recent research has shown that this behavior can be consensual or non-consensual in nature; yet little is known about how motivations or attitudes may differ between these forms, or with gender. This study is based on a cross-sectional online survey investigating consensual and non-consensual sext dissemination and associated demographic, behavioral, attitudinal, and psychological factors. Participants were 2,126 cisgendered adults aged 18 to 30 years ( M = 22.97, SD = 3.21, 55% women, 45% men), resident in Western, English-speaking nations, particularly Australia. Around 10% of respondents reported disseminating texts, and of these, only 19.8% indicated they had permission for this, with no differences across gender. When sexts were disseminated “to gossip,” this was significantly more likely to be non-consensual. There were no significant differences between consensual and non-consensual dissemination in subjective attitudes or norms toward dissemination, nor levels of psychological distress. Women were more likely to non-consensually disseminate sexts that had been received as unwanted or unwelcome. Consensual dissemination was weakly associated with being sexually active and having given consent to having one’s own images disseminated. We discuss implications for future research regarding consent, and relationship and sexuality education.
Sexual Scripts and Sexual Consent: Gender Stereotypes, Music-Media Messages, and Sexual Consent Expectancies Among College Men and Women
Authors: Rodgers Kathleen Boyce , Hust Stacey J. T. , Li Jiayu , Kang Soojung , Garcia Ariana L.
Published: April 2023

The pervasiveness of sexual assault among college women prompted examination of college students’ sexual-consent expectancies using sexual scripting theory as a framework. We aimed to understand how personal beliefs, experiences with sexual violence, and dominant cultural gendered sexual scripts in music media inform sexual-consent expectancies among a sample of primarily White heterosexual college students at a northwestern university ( n = 364). Participants viewed music videos with sexual and objectifying content and reported their perceptions of how women were portrayed. Linear mixed modeling with Maximum Likelihood with interactions by biological sex revealed associations between past sexual victimization and lower expectancies to adhere to a sexual partner’s consent wishes. Men with a history of perpetrating sexual violence had lower expectancies to ask for consent, and women with more traditional sexual stereotypes had lower expectancies to seek consent or refuse unwanted sex. Having lower expectancies to adhere to a partner’s consent wishes was associated with holding more traditional sexual stereotypes for both men and women. Participants who perceived women as powerlessness in viewed music videos had lower expectancies to ask for consent from a sexual partner, to refuse unwanted sexual advances, and to adhere to a decision regarding sexual consent. Through the lens of sexual scripting theory, results advance understanding of how the intersection of biological sex, experiences of sexual violence, gendered beliefs, and cultural scripts in music media inform young adults’ sexual expectancies and potential for sexual risk. Implications for prevention include addressing gendered sexual scripts to reduce ambiguity around sexual consent among college students. Media-based interventions are discussed as a strategy toward this end.
Influence of temperature degradation on the low velocity impact behavior of hybrid thermoplastic PEEK laminates
Authors: Vieille B , Coppalle A
Published: April 2023

To evaluate the severity of thermal degradation on the impact response of carbon (C) and glass (G) fibers reinforced PolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK) laminates, low velocity impact tests were conducted at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature Tg (150°C) and after exposure to a kerosene flame (5-10-15′). The first important effect resulting from temperature increase was a reduction of the impact energy required to induce BVID (Barely Visible Impact Damage). The second effect was that matrix ductility (enhanced at T>Tg) contributes to significantly modify the permanent indentation. Not surprisingly, the plastic and viscoplastic deformation mechanisms being ruled by the PEEK matrix behavior at high temperature, the permanent indentation increases by almost 40% for all impact energies. Contrary to the external damage represented by permanent indentation, temperature has a tremendous influence on the internal damage as there was virtually no delamination in the CG/PEEK laminates impacted at Room Temperature (RT) and 150°C. At last, impact tests conducted on specimens exposed to a kerosene flame implied that the impact bearing capabilities of CG/PEEK laminates dramatically decreased after a 5′ exposure and became even critical after 10′ as perforation was observed. For 40 J impacts, the permanent indentation was multiplied by 3–9 with respect to the as-received specimens.
Effect of rapid cooling on the properties of friction stir processed AA7075
Authors: Girish G
Published: April 2023

Friction stir processing applied to AA7075 using a pentagonal pin produced a defect free cross-section with a superior material consolidation. The processed specimens were allowed to cool under in air and water separately. Compared to the air-cooled specimen, the water-cooled specimen exhibited better grain refinement. Rapid cooling using water suppressed the growth of grains and reduced the average grain size to 3.07 μm with increased dislocation density in the microstructure. Water cooled specimen exhibited a better texture index of 1.2600 in the stir zone with S {123}<634>, Copper{112}<111>, and brass {011}<211> as the major types. Average hardness in case of the air-cooled sample was 82.77 HV, while the water-cooled sample exhibited an improved hardness of 103.86 HV due to enhanced dislocation density, grain refinement, and uniformly dispersed strengthening precipitates.
Numerical simulation of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agent injection process
Authors: Ma Weitong , Zhou Qiyong , Shi Hui , Lu Song , Zhang Heping
Published: April 2023

The process of pressurized injection of ultra-fine powder extinguishing agents (UPEA) and the effect of injection from the nozzle directly affects the spatial dispersion characteristics and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing. Combining CFD simulations and experimental measurements, the UPEA pressurized injection process and injection effects were investigated. The transient process of injection is divided into three stages, initial injection stage, steady injection stage, and post-injection stage. The post-injection stage is divided into a slow decay process and a residual gas release process. Investigating the effect of different filling conditions on the effectiveness of particle injection. In the stable injection stage, the higher the filling ratio, the lower the mass flow of UPEA particles at the same filling pressure. At the same filling ratio, the higher the filling pressure, the higher the mass flow of UPEA particles. The maximum mass flow of the UPEA particles was 5.38 kg/s at a filling ratio of 20% and a filling pressure of 3.6 MPa. The steady injection time is mainly influenced by the particle filling ratio.
An innovative cluster-based prediction approach for mass solar site management
Authors: Wang Jui-Tang , Nguyen Thi Anh Tuyet , Guo Yu-Hong , Hsu Chau-Yun , Xie Huang-Jun
Published: April 2023

The scarcity of energy resources and global warming over the past few decades have prompted the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources. Among the potential renewable energy sources, solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy sources. However, the uncertainty and fluctuations of solar power generation create negative impacts on the stability and reliability of the electric grid, planning of operation, economic feasibility, and investment. Therefore, accurate prediction of solar power generation is crucial to ensure the stability of the power grid and promote a large-scale investment in a solar energy system. A large number of research studies have been conducted on predicting solar power generation under different perspectives. However, no existing study analyses and predicts power generation of multi-solar energy sites by only one prediction model. The integration of multiple sites into one predictive model will reduce the number of required models for each site, thereby saving the computing resources and required calculation time. This paper proposes a novel methodology to group multiple solar sites and develop an integrated model by using a machine learning algorithm to predict power generation of each group. Firstly, the K-means clustering algorithm is utilized to cluster multiple solar sites which have similar power generation properties into one group. Then, a machine learning algorithm has been developed to predict power generation in a computationally fast and reliable manner. The proposed approach is verified by the real data of 223 solar sites in Taiwan. The experimental results show that the training time can be reduced by 93.2% without reducing the accuracy of the prediction model. Therefore, the cluster-based prediction approach gives better performance as compared with existing models.
How does renewable energy consumption and trade openness affect economic growth and carbon emissions? International evidence of 122 countries
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Changan , Li Rongrong
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to systematically explore the impact of renewable energy consumption, trade openness, industrialization, and urbanization on economic growth and carbon emissions while considering the different development levels of 122 countries over the period 1998–2018. Pesaran CD test, CIPS unit root test, Pedroni cointegration test, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) estimation, Dumitreschu–Hurlin causality test and DOLS robustness test are adopted. The results show that trade openness has different effects on economic growth and carbon emissions across different income groups. Specifically, the impact of trade openness on economic growth in high- and low-income countries is positive, while trade openness has a negative impact on economic growth in middle-income countries. Meanwhile, the impact of trade openness on carbon emissions supports the pollution haven hypothesis. Urbanization promotes economic growth in all income countries, and increases carbon emissions in countries of all income groups except high-income countries. Renewable energy consumption promotes economic growth and curbs carbon emissions, while industrialization increases economic growth and carbon emissions. Further findings show a one-way causality from trade openness to renewable energy consumption. Finally, some targeted recommendations are provided for countries with different development stages.
Understanding Perceptual Decisions by Studying Development and Neurodiversity
Authors: Manning Catherine , Scerif Gaia
Published: April 2023

A cornerstone of human information processing is how we make decisions about incoming sensory percepts. Much of psychological science has focused on understanding how these judgments operate in skilled adult observers. Although not typically the focus of this research, variability in how adults make these judgments is considerable. Here, we review complementary computational-modeling, electrophysiological-data, eye-tracking, and longitudinal approaches to the study of perceptual decisions across neurotypical development and in neurodivergent individuals. These data highlight multiple parameters and temporal dynamics feeding into how we become skilled adult perceptual decision makers, and they may help explain why we vary so much in how we make perceptual decisions.
Learning Lessons from the Populist Defeats: From Negative to Positive Constitutionalism
Authors: Śledzińska-Simon Anna
Published: April 2023

The article explains how populists have exploited the weaknesses of liberal constitutionalism and the public-private divide. It argues that populists have not rejected constitutionalism as a project but a negative version of it. In its place, they incorporated their vision of a government unrestricted by individual rights and entered the private sphere with their doctrines. The lesson from the victories of populism is therefore to move toward positive constitutionalism that ensures the well-being of all. Drawing on the concept of relational autonomy, the article explains what this shift consists of in the areas of reproductive rights and gender-based violence. The conclusions outline a shift in the operation of the basic principles of constitutionalism, focusing on the relational nature of rights understood not only as shields, but also as claims to positive state action.
“Modification of bitumen properties using polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide (TiO2)”
Authors: Naeem Junaid , Sultan Tahir , Shakoor Abdul , karim Inam
Published: April 2023

In this study, PEG and TiO2 were used to modify the properties of neat bitumen of grade 60/70. The physical and structural properties of the modified bitumen samples were investigated using penetration by grade, softening point, fire and flash point, ductility, and x-ray diffraction. Results showed that the physical properties of base bitumen were dependent on the polymer content. In the first phase bitumen was blended with PEG at different proportions (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). It was observed that stiffness in samples increases as we increase the polymer content which leads to a decrease in penetration and ductility values. The softening point increased with increasing polymer concentration. However, fire and flash point attained maximum value of 250°C and 240°C at 6% and decreased to 242°C and 238°C at 8% respectively. The optimal polymer content was found to be 6%. In a second phase, the effects of incorporation of various percentages of TiO2 (1.5% and 3%) in PEG modified bitumen have been investigated. XRD analysis has also been performed for nano and polymer modified bitumen. An increase in the interlayer spacing value (d) was observed which confirms the successful intercalation of PEG in neat bitumen. Incorporation of TiO2 in PEG modified bitumen affects the physical properties of polymer modified bitumen.