bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards precision medicine: advances in 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine cancer biomarker discovery in liquid biopsy
Authors: Zeng Chang , Stroup Emily Kunce , Zhang Zhou , Chiu Brian C.‐H. , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2019

Robust and clinically convenient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, early detection, and prognosis have great potential to improve patient survival and are the key to precision medicine. The advent of next‐generation sequencing technologies enables a more sensitive and comprehensive profiling of genetic and epigenetic information in tumor‐derived materials. Researchers are now able to monitor the dynamics of tumorigenesis in new dimensions, such as using circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor DNA (ctDNA). Mutation‐based assays in liquid biopsy cannot always provide consistent results across studies due partly to intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity as well as technical limitations. In contrast, epigenetic analysis of patient‐derived cfDNA is a promising alternative, especially for early detection and disease surveillance, because epigenetic modifications are tissue‐specific and reflect the dynamic process of cancer progression. Therefore, cfDNA‐based epigenetic assays are emerging to be a highly sensitive, minimally invasive tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with great potential in future precise care of cancer patients. The major obstacle for applying epigenetic analysis of cfDNA, however, has been the lack of enabling techniques with high sensitivity and technical robustness. In this review, we summarized the advances in epigenome‐wide profiling of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in cfDNA, focusing on the detection approaches and potential role as biomarkers in different cancer types.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Up-Front Metastatic Breast Cancer: Single-Center Experience in India
Authors: Gogia Ajay , Deo Suryanarayana Vishnu S. , Sharma Dayanand , Thulkar Sanjay , Kumar Rakesh , Malik Prabhat S. , Mathur Sandeep
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with breast cancer present with up-front metastasis and carry a poor prognosis (5-year survival rates of approximately 20%). To date, little is known about the long-term outcome of patients with metastatic breast cancer from developing nations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We performed an ambispective review of approximately 1,800 patients who were registered in breast cancer clinics between January 2012 and August 2018. Approximately 410 (22.8%) patients presented with up-front metastasis. Out of 410, 375 were considered for additional analysis. Clinical, pathologic, and radiologic details were obtained from the medical records.

RESULTS

Median age of presentation was 49 years (range, 22 to 80 years), and median duration of symptoms was 6 months (interquartile range, 3-12 months). Baseline receptor status suggested that 234 patients (62.4%) were hormone receptor (HR) positive, 145 (38.6%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor positive, and 69 (18.6%) had triple-negative breast cancer. Various sites of metastasis were: visceral 219 (58.4%), bone only 100 (26.7%), nonregional lymph node metastasis 21 (5.6%), brain 10 (2.7%), and others 25 (5.8%). Approximately 309 patients (82.4%) received up-front chemotherapy, 192 HR-positive patients (82.1%) received endocrine therapy, and 78 human epidermal growth factor receptor–positive patients (53.8%) received targeted agents. Median progression-free survival was 14.2 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 16.8 months), and median overall survival (OS) was 31.7 months (95% CI, 25.8 to 38.2 months) for the cohort. Median time of follow-up was 22.2 months. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, HR-positive disease, good performance status (0 or 1), and oligometastasis were associated with better OS, whereas triple-negative breast cancer and liver and brain metastasis were associated with inferior OS.

CONCLUSION

This is the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of metastatic breast cancer from India. HR-positive status, oligometastasis, and good performance status were associated with better outcomes.
Should Objective Structured Clinical Examinations Assist the Clinical Competency Committee in Assigning Anesthesiology Milestones Competency?
Authors: Rebel Annette , DiLorenzo Amy , Nguyen Dung , Horvath Ivan , McEvoy Matthew D. , Fragneto Regina Y. , Dority Jeremy S. , Rose Greg L. , Schell Randall M.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:

With the integration of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations into the Anesthesiology primary board certification process, residency programs may choose to implement Objective Structured Clinical Examinations for resident skill assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate Objective Structured Clinical Examination–based milestone assessment and compare with Clinical Competency Committee milestone assessment that is based purely on clinical evaluations.

METHODS:

An annual Objective Structured Clinical Examination event was used to obtain milestone assessment of clinical anesthesia year 0–clinical anesthesia year 3 residents for selected milestones in patient care, professionalism, and interpersonal/communication skills. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination scenarios were different for each training level. The Clinical Competency Committee evaluated each resident semiannually based on clinical evaluations of resident performance. The Clinical Competency Committee milestone assessments from 2014 to 2016 that were recorded closest to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination event (±3 months) were compared to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination milestone assessments. A total of 35 residents were included in this analysis in 3 different training cohorts: A (graduates 2016, n = 12); B (graduates 2017, n = 10); and C (graduates 2018, n = 13). All residents participated in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations because their clinical anesthesia year 0 year and Clinical Competency Committee milestone data had been reported since December 2014.

RESULTS:

Both assessment techniques indicated a competency growth proportional to the length in training. Despite limited cumulative statistics in this study, average trends in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination–Clinical Competency Committee relationship indicated: (1) a good proportionality in reflecting competency growth; (2) a grade enhancement associated with Clinical Competency Committee assessment, dominated by evaluations of junior residents (clinical anesthesia year 0–clinical anesthesia year 1); and (3) an expectation bias in Clinical Competency Committee assessment, dominated by evaluation of senior residents (clinical anesthesia year 2–clinical anesthesia year 3).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our analysis confirms the compatibility of the 2 evaluation methods in reflecting longitudinal growth. The deviation of Objective Structured Clinical Examination assessments versus Clinical Competency Committee assessments suggests that Objective Structured Clinical Examinations may be providing additional or different information on resident performance. Educators might consider using both assessment methods to provide the most reliable and valid competency assessments during residency.
Physiological Responses of Male and Female Race Car Drivers during Competition
Authors: FERGUSON DAVID P. , BARTHEL SAMUEL C. , PRUETT MONTANA L. , BUCKINGHAM TODD M. , WAASO PEYTON R.
Published: March 2019

Automobile racing is one of the largest spectator sports in the world with male and female drivers competing together. Popular media has speculated on the relative capabilities of males and females in automobile racing, yet there are no scientific investigations examining physiological responses to racing among males and females.

Purpose

1) To evaluate the physiological responses of male and female drivers in open and closed cockpit race cars, 2) to examine the moderating influence of menstrual cycle phase on physiological responses to racing among female drivers.

Methods

HR, breathing rate, skin temperature, core temperature, and Physiological Strain Index (PSI) were measured using the Equivital Life Monitor in male (n= 6) and female (n= 6) drivers at three races in open or closed cockpit cars. Among females, menstrual cycle phase for each race was recorded.

Results

During racing conditions there was no difference (P> 0.05) between male and female drivers for HR, skin temperature, core temperature, or PSI. The female drivers had a higher (P< 0.001) breathing rate compared with the male drivers. Compared with the follicular phase, the luteal phase had an increased (P< 0.001) HR, breathing rate, skin temperature, core temperature, and PSI. The closed cockpit cars elicited (P< 0.001) a higher skin temperature, core temperature and PSI as compared with the open cockpit cars.

Conclusions

There were no differences in the physiological responses to automobile racing between male and female drivers. The luteal phase elicited higher physiological responses than the follicular phase, but was not different from the male drivers. Thereby, practitioners should focus on reducing stresses induced by a closed cockpit race car as opposed to the menstrual cycle.
Education provision for patients following a spinal cord injury
Authors: Rodger Sian , Bench Suzanne
Published: March 2019

Background:

approximately 40 000 people in the UK live with spinal cord injury.

Aim:

to explore the views of patients and healthcare staff relating to the specialist education and information provided following a spinal cord injury.

Methods:

a service evaluation consisting of questionnaire surveys distributed to patients and staff at the London Spinal Cord Injury Centre.

Results:

of the healthcare staff who responded, 98% found giving education an enjoyable part of their role with most agreeing (45/48) that it is the responsibility of all healthcare staff. The formal education programme was valued by patients. Sessions were graded to inform the development of future programmes. Face to face was the preferred delivery method for 80% of inpatients and 40% of outpatients, with the second most preferred method being an app/e-learning for both patient groups.

Conclusion:

findings support the continued need for both formal and informal sessions, provided by all members of the healthcare team, with particular emphasis on issues such as bladder and bowel management and sexual function following discharge.
Moderating Role of Well-Being on the Relation between Psychological Contract and Intention to Leave
Authors: Kosker Erkan
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological contract, psychological well-being and the intention to leave. The sample of this study consists of 118 teachers in 10 schools that were selected randomly with clustered sampling methods from the schools in Osmaniye province in the 2015-2016 academic year. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple linear regression method with SPSS 22; a modgraph was used to moderate tests. The results of the moderator tests showed that psychological well-being was a moderator of the relationship between the short-term relations component of the psychological contract and teachers’ intention to leave levels. This study also indicated that transactional psychological contracts (short-term relations) had a negative effect on teachers’ intention to leave levels, and psychological well-being had a positive effect on teachers’ intention to leave levels. In the light of the findings, to create more positive educational environments, it would be beneficial for policy makers and top managers to take psychological constructs into consideration at all stages of management. However, future researchers should focus on the different dimensions of psychological contracts and psychological well-being that may also be related to the intention of teachers to leave.
ab initio Method on the Mechanism of Acetalization of 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde Using Halogen Acid Catalysts
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Dahniar  , Roza Destria , Damanik Marini
Published: March 2019

ab initio method used on the mechanism of acetalization of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde. ab initio method is a quantum mechanical approximate calculation and derived directly only from theoretical principles. All geometry optimizations were performed using 3-21G and 6-31G* basis set with Hyperchem 8.0 software (windows version). The aim of this study was to focus on the study of the mechanism of acetalization of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde using hydrochloric acid as catalysts. The computational calculation not only provided possible reaction steps but also provided possible energy change in each step of the reaction mechanism of acetalization of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde. The result showed that 2-methoxybenzaldehyde (0 kJ/mol) has the lowest energy and electronegativity compared to acetal product (-17.43 kJ/mol) and a labile hemiacetal (448.33 kJ/mol) due to its stability and the influence of neighbour atom.
Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Durian Skin by Encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Arlofa N. , Gozan M. , Pradita T. , Jufri M.
Published: March 2019

The optimum condition of durian skin using SSF process with encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae takes place at pH 5.0 at 37 °C. S. cerevisiae encapsulation can increase bioethanol production activity. Bioethanol production is produced at pH 4.5; 5.0 and 5.5 were 35.85, 41.25 and 39.89 g/L medium, respectively. While using free cells S. cerevisiae, bioethanol produced was 21.42, 34.94 and 28.15 g/L medium. The percentage of bioethanol produced by S. cerevisiae was 15.3 % at pH 5.0; 40.25 % at pH 4.5 and 29.43 % at pH 5.5. Encapsulation of S. cerevisiae cells can increase the resistance to process temperature by differences in bioethanol production between encapsulation with cells free of S. cerevisiae by 19.34 % at 37 °C, 24.02 % at 40 °C and 49.01 % at 45 °C. These results are higher compared to cells free of S. cerevisiae.
Adsorption Study of Lead Ions on Nickel-Metal Organic Framework
Authors: Thabede Patience Mapule , Shooto Ntaote David , Abasi Cyprian , Mtunzi Fanyana Moses , Nyamukamba Pardon , Dikio Ezekiel Dixon
Published: March 2019

Nickel(II) based metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized using terephthalic acid,
C6H4(COOH)2 as an organic linker. This MOF was characterized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead ions in aqueous medium. Characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium varied with contact time, concentration, pH and temperature.
Phytochemical Study of Two Algerian Plants Origanum vulgare L. Sbsp. glandulosum (Desf) Ietswaart and Thymus algeriensis (Boiss. and Reut)
Authors: Kaki Farid Ait , Benkiniouar R. , Demirtas I. , Merzoug A. , Touil A.
Published: March 2019

In phytochemical study of two Algerian plants, the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts from aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. Sbsp. glandulosum (Desf) ietswaart and n-butanol extract from aerial parts of Thymus algeriensis (Boiss. and Reut), one flavonoid (8,4'-dihydroxy-7-O-β-Darabinopyranosideflavone) was isolated for the first time from Origanum vulgare L. Sbsp. glandulosum ethyl acetate extract using chromatographic methods. The structure was identified on the basis of spectral analysis including UV-visible, HPLC-TOF/MS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis of the two n-butanol plants extracts showed the presence of important compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The antibacterial assay revealed that the different n-butanol extracts have a weak activity against the tested bacteria.
Surface Functionalization of MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles with Ethylenediamine for Hyperthermia Application
Authors: Ghutepatil P.R. , Salunkhe A.B. , Khot V.M. , Thombare B.R. , Pawar S.H.
Published: March 2019

Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles with enhanced heating proficiency are required for magnetic hyperthermia in order to use it efficiently in cancer treatment. In this paper, ethylenediamine functionalized monodispersed manganese iron oxide (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by using polyol method and functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques for structural, morphological and magnetic analysis. Hyperthermia characteristics of functionalized MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were studied at 167.6, 251.4 and 335.2 Oe to assess the feasibility magnetic hyperthermia anticancer therapy. Outcome revealed that nanoparticles the self-heating temperature rise up to 48.76 to 56.34 °C at 5 and 10 mg mL-1 concentrations in water respectively. Specific absorption rate 94.65 W g-1 was observed at 5 mg mL-1 concentration. Biocompatibility study of functionalized nanoparticles has divulged almost no toxicity for nanoparticles.
Microwave Assisted Efficient Synthesis of Flavone using ZnO Nanoparticles as Promoter under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Unde Pradip J. , Thorat Nitin M. , Patil Limbraj R.
Published: March 2019

A simple and highly efficient protocol for synthesis of flavones from 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-aryl-1,3-propanediones in presence of ZnO nanoparticles as a promoter in thermal as well as microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions have been demonstrated. The catalyst is inexpensive, stable, can be easily recycled/reused for several cycles with consistent activity and observed almost same yield confirming the stability of the catalyst. It is believed that the present approach will become an alternative route for the conventional reactions. Because in this protocol, yield is quite high, short reaction time, simple work up, catalyst can be recycled as well as it is free of any hazardous by-products formation during workup.
Synthesis and Investigations of Structural, Optical and AC Conductivity Properties of PANI/CeO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Anitha R. , Kumar E. , Vella Durai S.C.
Published: March 2019

This paper explains the details on the preparation of polyaniline/CeO2 (10 wt %) nanocomposites using the method of in situ polymerization. The formation of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposites were proposed via oxidation of aniline and reduction of CeO2, respectively. The effect of CeO2 concentration on AC conductivity, morphological, optical and structural properties of the prepared PANI/CeO2 nanocomposites material were examined. The structural studies show the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles were occurred in PANI of nanocomposites. The average grain size of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposites varied with increasing and decreasing concentration due to the process of nucleation during the polymerization. The average particle grain sizes were measured from HRTEM. The morphology analysis was carried out from SEM. The UV absorption spectrum showed that the absorption peak of CeO2 nanoparticle at 341 nm, shifted to lower wavelength side, the nanocomposite absorption peaks at about 324, 368 and 858 nm was confirmed by the formation of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposites. The electronic structure of the band gap of the nanocomposite materials were calculated using ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum. The band gap energy of nanocomposite is 3.36 eV. The FTIR spectrum clearly showed the strong presence of CeO2 nanoparticles in PANI chain. The AC conductivity varied with varying the temperature and depends on the concentration due to the formation of PANI/CeO2 nanocomposite.
Editorial
Authors: Kartsivadze Megi
Published: March 2019

To download this paper, please, click here.
The Death Collectors: The Material Culture of War as a Means of Reclaiming Agency in Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Sopova Alisa
Published: March 2019

To download this paper, please, click here. 
This article explores the material culture of war in the civilian context in eastern Ukraine. Preserving, collecting and creatively transforming pieces of armament and other military objects has become a very common activity among the population of the war zone in the region of Donbass. Military conflict here continues for more than five years directly affecting about four million people on the ground. Drawing on data from my fieldwork on both sides of the frontline enduring since the outbreak of the conflict, I investigate the cultural and social meanings behind the engagement with war artefacts in the frontline communities. I scrutinize this phenomenon through four angles: (1) collection of material objects as a means to deal with trauma and gain symbolic power over these objects, (2) material culture of the Second World War and its special meaning in post-Soviet Ukraine, (3) physicality ofmatériel as evidence of human rights violations in the war zone, and (4) recontextualization of the objects of war by assigning a different function to them. I conclude that engagement with material objects of violence serves for the people affected by the war as a symbolical reassertion of agency and control over their lives.
Asino (2017)
Authors: Woods Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

To download this paper, please, click here.
Traditional Arts Indiana’s Bicentennial Exhibition
Authors: Kay Jon
Published: March 2019

This project report describes the planning, creation and touring of a 26-panel traveling exhibition about Indiana folk arts staged for the bicentennial of Indiana’s statehood. The exhibition, its catalogue, and related public programs were produced by Traditional Arts Indiana, Indiana’s official traditional arts service organization based at the Mathers Museum of World Cultures, Indiana University, Bloomington.
Ramblings in Search of an Exhibition: Beadwork Adorns the World
Authors: Bol Marsha
Published: March 2019

In this project report, exhibition curator Marsha Bol discusses the origins and scope of the 2018-2019 Museum of International Folk Art exhibition Beadwork Adorns the World. The exhibition presented a worldwide survey of beadwork arts in their cultural and social contexts.
Histories and Realignments: Museum Anthropology Review in a New Era
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: March 2019

In an editorial, Museum Anthropology Review editor Jason Baird Jackson discusses the history of the journal as a context for explaining plans to reorient it to focus more closely on the work of the Mathers Museum of World Cultures and its museum and community partners; reducing the amount of unsolicited content published and increasing invited content arising from the research, exhibitions, and outreach work of the museum and its collaborators.
Cochain Operations Defining Steenrod ⌣𝑖-Products in the Bar Construction
Authors: Kadeishvili T.
Published: March 2019

The set of cochain operations defining Steenrod ⌣𝑖-products in the bar construction 𝐵𝐶*(𝑋) is defined in terms of surjection operad. This structure extends a Homotopy G-algebra structure which defines only ⌣.
Local Growth of Weierstrass σ-Function and Whittaker-Type Derivative Sampling
Authors: Pogány Tibor K.
Published: March 2019

Two explicit guard functions 𝐾𝑗= 𝐾𝑗(δ
𝑧), 𝑗 = 1, 2, are obtained, which depend on the distance δ
𝑧 between 𝑧 and the nearest point of the integer lattice in the complex plane, such that δ
𝑧𝐾1(δ
𝑧) ≤ |σ(𝑧)|𝑒–π|𝑧|2/2 ≤ δ
𝑧𝐾2(δ
𝑧), 𝑧 ∈ ℂ, where σ(𝑧) stands for the Weierstraß σ-function. This result is used to improve the circular truncation error upper bound in the 𝑞-th order Whittaker-type derivative sampling for the Leont'ev functions space .
Development of Hybrid ANFIS–CFD Model for Design and Optimization of Membrane Separation of Benzoic Acid
Authors: Zabihi Samyar , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Gholizadeh Moghaddam S. H. , Shirazian Saeed
Published: March 2019

In this work, a novel hybrid model was developed in order to study the membrane-based liquid separation process. The membrane system was a continuous hollow-fiber membrane module for contacting two aqueous and organic phases for reactive extraction of benzoic acid (BA) from aqueous solution. Two simulation approaches were utilized in order to build a robust hybrid model. The hybrid model is composed of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) elements. First, the CFD approach was used in order to capture the mass transfer of the system, whereas ANFIS was trained using the obtained CFD results. The hybrid model was used to predict the concentration distribution of solute in the membrane contactor. The combined simulation methodology can reduce the computational costs and time significantly, while it predicts the process with high accuracy. The ANFIS was trained based on the extracted data of concentration distribution from the CFD simulations, and the training and test analyses indicated great agreement. Different membership functions were evaluated, and it was revealed that using three functions, an

R

2

{R^{2}}

of 0.996 was obtained. The simulation results reveal that the BA concentration was changed along the membrane length and diffusional mass transfer is more significant in order to improve the separation efficiency of BA using membrane contactors. The developed hybrid simulation methodology is capable of design and optimization of membrane-based separation at low computational expenses and provides a predictive tool for process intensification.
Steroids and miRNAs in assessment of ovarian tissue damage following cryopreservation
Authors: Islam Nadia , Sunday Paul Ugwoke , Alhamdan Rana , Hernandez-Medrano Juan , Campbell Bruce K , Marsters Peter , Maalouf Walid E
Published: March 2019

Ovarian cortical tissue cryopreservation is a relatively novel approach to preserving fertility in women diagnosed with cancer. However, the effects of freezing-thawing are not fully understood, mainly due to the lack of suitable methods to assess tissue’s survival after thawing. Disparities in steroid production have been associated with ovarian failure by disrupting folliculogenesis, ovulation and oocyte apoptosis. Moreover, specific miRNAs, identified in human ovarian follicles, are thought to play a fundamental role in folliculogenesis. In this study, we investigated the possible interplay between the ovarian steroidal production and miRNA expression patterns in spent culture media, as potential non-invasive markers for ovarian tissue damage after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of ovarian cortical tissue decreased (P < 0.05) both steroid production (oestradiol and progesterone) and expression of miRNA-193b and 320A in spent culture media over 5 days; however, expression of miRNA-24 increased (P < 0.05). The number of primordial follicles was also reduced (P < 0.05) in fresh-cultured and cryopreserved-cultured cortical tissues when compared with fresh tissues. Downregulation of miRNA-193b and miRNA-320A together with upregulation of miRNA-24 could have a synergistic role in cell apoptosis, and consequently leading to reduced oestradiol and progesterone production. Thus, there appears to be an interplay between these miRNAs, ovarian steroid production and cell damage, which can be further explored as novel non-invasive markers of cell damage following cryopreservation.
The Effects on Neutral Variability of Recurrent Selective Sweeps and Background Selection
Authors: Campos José Luis , Charlesworth Brian
Published: March 2019

Levels of variability and rates of adaptive evolution may be affected by hitchhiking, the effect of selection on evolution at linked sites. Hitchhiking can be caused either by “selective sweeps” or by background selection, involving the spread of new favorable alleles or the elimination of deleterious mutations, respectively. Recent analyses of population genomic data have fitted models where both these processes act simultaneously, to infer the parameters of selection. Here, we investigate the consequences of relaxing a key assumption of some of these studies, that the time occupied by a selective sweep is negligible compared with the neutral coalescent time. We derive a new expression for the expected level of neutral variability in the presence of recurrent selective sweeps and background selection. We also derive approximate integral expressions for the effects of recurrent selective sweeps. The accuracy of the theoretical predictions was tested against multilocus simulations, with selection, recombination, and mutation parameters that are realistic for Drosophila melanogaster. In the presence of crossing over, there is approximate agreement between the theoretical and simulation results. We show that the observed relationships between the rate of crossing over, and the level of synonymous site diversity and rate of adaptive evolution in Drosophila are probably mainly caused by background selection, whereas selective sweeps and population size changes are needed to produce the observed distortions of the site frequency spectrum.
Carcinoma renal con cuadro clínico de infección urinaria recurrente en paciente joven
Authors: Vasquez-Sullca Roy R. , Balcazar-Reyes Alfredo D. , Yalta-Arce Herman , Allemant-Mori Luis A.
Published: March 2019

El cáncer renal es una neoplasia con una tasa de incidencia de 4,4% por 100 000 habitantes a nivel mundial; el carcinoma de células renales representa el 90% de los tumores renales malignos. Las infecciones urinarias recurrentes tienen una prevalencia del 19% y constituyen infecciones de al menos dos episodios en seis meses, o al menos tres episodios en un año. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 25 años que presentó cuadros de infecciones urinarias recurrentes y que en un estudio tomográfico se evidenció una tumoración renal izquierda. Se le realizó nefrectomía radical cuya pieza operatoria confirmó diagnóstico patológico de carcinoma renal de células clara. En pacientes jóvenes el carcinoma renal es una tumoración aún más rara, que representa 8,7% del total de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer renal. Se debe promover en la consulta médica la sospecha clínica a mujeres jóvenes con infecciones urinarias recurrentes solicitando exámenes de imagen, con la finalidad de garantizar un temprano diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado si se tratara de un tumor renal.
Cambios clínicos de la esclerosis múltiple según modificación de los criterios de McDonald. Hospital Almenara, 2001-2015
Authors: Rojas Huerto Edgard , Alva Diaz Carlos , Montalvan Ayala Victor
Published: March 2019

Objetivos. Determinar si las modificaciones en los criterios de McDonald en los últimos 15 años produjeron cambios en las características clínicas y el tiempo de diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple. Métodos. Se revisaron 91 historias clínicas de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple de los últimos 15 años en el Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima. Se registraron características clínicas y demográficas de la enfermedad. Los datos se agruparon según la fecha del diagnóstico y los criterios de McDonald vigentes en ese momento: grupo 1 (2001 a 2005), grupo 2 (2005 a 2009) y grupo 3 (2010 a 2015). Resultados. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 36,2 años, 51,7% fueron mujeres. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron motoras. El 69,23% fue tipo remitente recurrente (EMRR), 26,37% secundaria progresiva (EMSP) y 4,40% primaria progresiva (EMPP). La discapacidad en EMRR fue leve y en EMSP fue moderada. Los pacientes con EMPP tuvieron discapacidad severa en el grupo 2 y moderada en el grupo 3. El tiempo de enfermedad fue mayor para el grupo 1 y similar en los grupos 2 y 3. Conclusiones. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad no han cambiado durante los últimos 15 años. La EMRR fue el tipo más común. En los últimos 5 años hubo un aumento en el diagnóstico de la EMPP y disminución de EMSP por el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad. El tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad disminuyó en los últimos 10 años.
Estrategias para mejorar el acceso a medicamentos en el Perú
Authors: Ugarte Ubilluz Oscar
Published: March 2019

El mercado de medicamentos en el Perú se ha duplicado en los últimos años; y está compuesto por un mercado público y un mercado privado. Medido en unidades de venta, el mercado público es el 70% del total y el mercado privado sólo el 30%. Pero medido en valor, esa proporción se invierte. El mercado público comprende tres sub-mercados diferentes: 1) medicamentos estratégicos que el Estado provee a toda la sociedad, como las vacunas y otros; 2) medicamentos no estratégicos, que son la mayoría de medicamentos que las instituciones públicas proveen a sus usuarios; y 3) sub-mercados denominados relevantes, como los oncológicos, donde hay una alta concentración de la propiedad y surgen posiciones de dominio. El análisis de esos diferentes sub-mercados públicos y el mercado privado nos permite identificar diferentes barreras al acceso a medicamentos, así como diferentes estrategias para mejorar dicho acceso.
Kokybės samprata aukštajame moksle: kokybės kaip idėjos raiškos aukštųjų mokyklų strateginiuose dokumentuose analizė
Authors: Tamutienė Lina , Matkevičienė Renata
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The concept of quality is ambiguous and still under development – various studies in different fields of science expand the parameters of its analysis and open up a space for new insights. Recently, the researches in quality in higher education discuss quality issues in the context of changes that occur in the field of higher education. The role of the stakeholders in the quality assurance system could be linked to systemic procedural mechanisms – ways in which stakeholders are involved, how relationships among stakeholders and higher education institutions are de­veloped. In scientific discourse, the role of stakeholders in quality assurance systems is linked to systemic procedural mechanisms and depends on the stakeholders’ interests. The scientific literature highlights the assumptions of quality as a traveling idea, but there is no research on the transfer of quality as an idea to the context of a higher education institution. This article analyzes the concept of quality in higher education through the theoretical perspective of Scandinavian institutionalism and examines the expression of quality as an idea in the strategic documents of higher education institutions.

Indicators of quality applied for the analysis of the expression of quality as an idea in the strategic documents of higher education institution demonstrate the transfer of quality as an idea into the context of a higher education institution based on the interests of stakeholders. The roles of stakeholders in higher education institutions are different, so quality, as an idea, and its transfer to higher education institutions is assessed by different indicators, which express quality (quality as an idea) in higher education institutions based on the expectations of different stakeholders.
Control Psicológico Parental y Problemas Internalizados y Externalizados en Adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Solis Calcina Genoveva Leslie , Manzanares Medina Eduardo
Published: March 2019

Se estudió la relación entre el control psicológico parental y los problemas internalizados y externalizados en un grupo de 170 adolescentes (58.2  varones), entre 13 y 17 años, de un colegio privado de Lima, Perú. Se utilizó la Escala de Control Psicológico Parental (DAPCS-S) y el inventario Youth Self Report (YSR). Los resultados mostraron una correlaciónpositiva y significativa entre el control psicológico parental orientado a la autocrítica (CPA) y a la dependencia (CPD) con los problemas internalizados y externalizados. Se encontró que el CPD materno y el CPA paterno explican significativamente los problemas internalizados en los adolescentes. Por otro lado, el CPD materno y paterno explicaron significativamente la conducta delictiva en los adolescentes.
Pensar la Historia con el Deseo: Metacognición, Motivación y Comprensión Histórica
Authors: Gaviria Martínez Christian David
Published: March 2019

Los mecanismos metacognitivos son un componente esencial de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en todas las disciplinas, porque permiten a los aprendices monitorear el conocimiento adquirido, implementar las estrategias más óptimas para resolver tareas específicas y evaluar los resultados de las actividades realizadas. Sin embargo, la investigación reciente en el campo de la cognición motivada ha evidenciado que el funcionamiento metacognitivo puede estar sesgado por factores motivacionales asociados a creencias o metas individuales. En la presente revisión, se propone que los procesos metacognitivos implicados en la comprensión histórica son especialmente propensos a este tipo deinfluencias motivacionales, en virtud de sus características epistémicas y de sus implicaciones sociales. Esta tesis se apoya en evidencia empírica que sugiere que los compromisos ideológicos e  identitarios relacionados con las narrativas históricas pueden afectar la manera en que aprendices y expertos monitorean la calidad de su comprensión y controlan la aplicación de su conocimiento estratégico al evaluar información histórica.
Trichinella spp. in wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting
Authors: Klun Ivana , Ćosić Nada , Ćirović Duško , Vasilev Dragan , Teodorović Vlado , Djurković-Djaković Olgica
Published: March 2019

Human trichinellosis and Trichinella infection in pigs are both still endemic in the Balkans, including Serbia. Because of the flow between the sylvatic and the domestic cycle of Trichinella spp., monitoring wildlife has been recommended for the risk assessment of Trichinella spp. infection in swine. We have previously shown the presence of Trichinella infection in wild carnivores including the wolf and the golden jackal, and here we report on Trichinella infection in several other mesocarnivore species. From a total of 469 animals collected between 1994 and 2013, Trichinella larvae were detected in 29 (6.2%, 95% CI = 4.0–8.4) animals, including 14 red foxes (4.7%), 7 wild cats (35%), 5 beech martens (4.8%), 2 pine martens (16.7%), and 1 European badger (6.25%). No Trichinella larvae were detected in the examined specimens of European polecats, steppe polecats and European otters. Species identification of the Trichinella larvae performed for 18 positive samples revealed T. spiralis in 77.8% and T. britovi in 22.2% of the isolates. Both species were detected in red foxes and wild cats. The predominance of T. spiralis in wildlife in Serbia indicates the (past or present) spillover of this pathogen from domestic to wild animals.
Changes in novel gastrointestinal and renal injury markers in the blood plasma of sheep following increasing intravenous doses of tolfenamic acid
Authors: Yildiz Ramazan , Corum Orhan , Atik Orkun , Durna Corum Duygu , Altan Feray , Ok Mahmut , Uney Kamil
Published: March 2019

The administration of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as tolfenamic acid (TA), has undesirable effects on different organs. Some novel biomarkers have been reported that can determine the gastrointestinal and renal injury caused by a high dose of NSAIDs or other toxic substances. This study was aimed at determining the changes in gastrointestinal (TFF2 and HYP), renal (NGAL and KIM-1) and cardiac (cTn-I, CK-MB) injury markers after the use of increasing intravenous doses of TA in sheep. TA was administered intravenously to groups of six sheep each, at the dose levels of 0 (Group 0, i.e., G0), 2 (G2), 4 (G4), 8 (G8) and 16 (G16) mg/kg. The concentrations of the studied biomarkers were measured at 3, 9, 18 and 36 h after administration of TA. The TFF2 and NGAL concentrations in G16 were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the other groups except for G8 at different sampling times. HYP concentration in G16 was observed to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in all other groups at 36 h. KIM-1 level in G16 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in all other groups at different sampling times. An increase in the renal markers, KIM-1 and NGAL, in G8 was observed before any change in plasma creatinine and urea. The cardiac marker cTn-I in G16 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in other groups at different sampling times. The results showed that the novel biomarkers (HYP, TFF2, NGAL, and KIM-1) can be used to determine gastric and renal injury in sheep.
Weighted boundedness for Toeplitz type operator associated to singular integral operator with variable Calderón-Zygmund kernel
Authors: CHEN Dazhao
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we establish the weighted sharp maximal function inequalities for the Toeplitz type operator associated to the singular integral operator with variable Calderón- Zygmund kernel. As an application, we obtain the boundedness of the operator on weighted Lebesgue and Morrey spaces.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL PERFECCIONISMO DISFUNCIONAL EN LA NIÑEZ TARDÍA
Authors: Chemisquy Sonia , Beatriz Oros Laura , Serppe Mónica , Ernst Cindy
Published: March 2019

El perfeccionismo disfuncional implica la tendencia a imponerse metas y estándares muy elevados, a preocuparse excesivamente por cometer errores y a evaluar el desempeño de manera muy crítica. Este atributo puede impactar negativamente en el bienestar infantil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las manifestaciones del perfeccionismo infantil disfuncional, analizando diferencias en función del género, el grado académico, el tipo de gestión escolar (pública-privada), y el lugar de procedencia. Se realizó una investigación empírica, descriptiva, de corte transversal. Participaron 1067 niños de entre 9 y 12 años de edad, alumnos de escuelas primarias, públicas y privadas, de dos provincias argentinas (Misiones y Entre Ríos). Los resultados del estudio verificaron la presencia del perfeccionismo infantil en esta franja etaria. De las manifestaciones perfeccionistas evaluadas, la que más sobresale es la autorientada, particularmente referida al ámbito escolar. Le siguen en orden de importancia el perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito y el perfeccionismo orientado a otros. El perfil más vulnerable corresponde a varones de 4to año, de escuelas públicas de la provincia de Misiones. Estos resultados revisten importancia al momento de diseñar estrategias orientadas a abordar esta problemática y a prevenir sus consecuencias negativas durante la niñez tardía.
ESTUDIO DEL ROL DE LOS PADRES DE FAMILIA EN LA VIDA EMOCIONAL DE LOS HIJOS
Authors: Guzmán Huayamave Kennya , Bastidas Benavides Brenda , Mendoza Sangacha Mercedes
Published: March 2019

El presente estudio, analiza la importancia del rol de la familia como principal agente socializador que debe favorecer el desarrollo emocional del niño y asegure una identidad personal y social. Por lo que, enseñar en estos espacios, es una tarea compleja que genera ansiedad para que las familias logren cumplir con el rol establecido por la sociedad y sobre todo con la vocación de ser padres. El objetivo de la investigación, es determinar cómo influye el rol de los padres en el comportamiento emocional de los niños de 3 años. La metodología utilizada tiene un enfoque mixto.  Para la fundamentación, aborda esencias teóricas de las variables y utiliza técnicas de observación y  encuesta. A partir de los resultados, los padres de familia deben favorecer el aprendizaje de las competencias emocionales ya que dejan una huella invaluable para su crecimiento integral.
От трансформации хозяйства в сельской местности к неформальной занятости населения на юге России
Authors: Нефедова Татьяна Григорьевна
Published: March 2019

В обзорной статье показана специфика неформальной занятости сельского населения Северо-Кавказского федерального округа на примере двух регионов: Ставропольского края и Республики Ингушетия. Большой объем неформальной экономики на Северном Кавказе создает ряд значимых проблем для социальной политики. Для их решения необходимо понимать причины возникновения и сохранения неформальной экономики в этой части России. Сравнение двух регионов показывает, насколько разными могут быть эти причины. Так, в Ставропольском крае наблюдается относительно высокое развитие сельского хозяйства. Но модернизация производства, появление агрохолдингов и смена специализации сельского хозяйства на нетрудоемкое растениеводство привели к недостатку рабочих мест в крупных сельских населенных пунктах. Важной оказалась и специфика хозяйства разных народностейв Ставропольском крае. Это активизировало трудовую миграцию местного населения из Ставрополья в другие регионы России и в крупные города, в основном ориентированную на неформальную занятость. Это также способствовало развитию личного подсобного сельского хозяйства. В Ингушетии, в отличие от Ставрополья, сельское хозяйство в целом развито слабо, несмотря на очень высокую долю сельского населения. Регион характеризуется наивысшим в стране уровнем безработицы и высокой долей дотаций федерального центра в своем бюджете. Тем не менее экономическая активность населения на уровне домохозяйств в Ингушетии велика, но сводится в основном к неформальным видам занятости вне сельского хозяйства. Для характеристики условий возникновения неформальной экономики в обзоре приводятся данные о структуре занятости и доходов населения в двух регионах, уровне реальной и официально зарегистрированной безработицы, структуре доходов региональных бюджетов, направлениях трудовых миграций местного населения. Результаты основаны на использовании региональной и муниципальной статистики и на экспедиционных исследованиях автора в разных муниципальных районах и сельских поселениях Ставропольского края и Ингушетии.
Динамика рождаемости на Северном Кавказе: играет ли роль материнский капитал?
Authors: Архангельский Владимир Николаевич
Published: March 2019

В статье исследуется влияние государственных мер поддержки рождаемости, прежде всего – выплат семейного (материнского) капитала на рождаемость в регионах Северного Кавказа. С этой целью изучаются тренды рождаемости в регионе по данным официальных источников (ежегодных данных Росстата и данных микропереписи населения Российской Федерации 2015 г.) в сравнении с общероссийскими трендами. Суммарные коэффициенты рождаемости отдельно по первым, вторым, третьим и т. д. детям показывают, что на Северном Кавказе в последние десять лет рождаемость третьих и последующих детей заметно выше, чем в России в целом. Высокий уровень их рождаемости является одним из вероятных следствий выплат материнского капитала. Также отличия северокавказской рождаемости от общероссийской обнаруживается, если исследовать динамику рождаемости не по годам рождения детей, а по поколениям матерей. Такое исследование, основанное на данных микропереписи населения РФ 2015 г., показало, что в большинстве регионов Северного Кавказа рождаемость вторых и последующих детей у всех поколений, родившихся между 1950 и 1990-м гг., была выше, чем в целом по России. Более того, в ряде регионов обнаруживается также не наблюдаемое в России в целом повышение рождаемости по сравнению с предыдущими поколениями у тех женщин, у которых период репродуктивной активностичастично пришелся на время действия программы материнского капитала. Таким образом, более детальный анализ данных показал, что тенденции рождаемости на Северном Кавказе с начала выплат материнского капитала заметно отличались от общероссийских, и эти различия могут объясняться более активной «реакцией» Северного Кавказа на данную меру поддержки рождаемости. Эта реакция, в свою очередь, может иметь как экономические, так и социокультурные причины. В статье также обсуждается вопрос о влиянии региональных мер поддержки рождаемости на Северном Кавказе в сопоставлении с другими субъектами РФ.