bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O mercado de trabalho e a questão do emprego no brasil: integração precária e desenvolvimento desigual
Authors: Vargas Francisco Eduardo Beckenkamp
Published: April 2016

Neste  trabalho, analisa-se o mercado de trabalho e a questão do em- prego no Brasil como questão social,  discutindo-se a evolução recente do emprego e das políticas sociais  de renda mínima como  fatores  de integração social.  Nestes  termos, procura-se identificar em  que  me- dida  o crescimento recente do emprego formal  e uma  tendência de desprecarização do trabalho, ancorados num novo  modelo de desen- volvimento que  se propõe mais  inclusivo, se constituem em  supor- tes efetivos de integração dos trabalhadores e de superação das  pro- fundas desigualdades que marcam a história da sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, aborda-se dois  aspectos fundamentais. De um  lado,  iden- tifica-se as principais formas  de integração econômica e de proteção social  dos trabalhadores, não vinculadas ao mundo trabalho, particu- larmente no âmbito das  políticas sociais  e de assistência. Avalia-se, neste  caso, como tem se configurado, no período recente, o problema da pobreza. Por outro  lado,  discute-se como  tem evoluído o emprego formal,  seu peso  na estrutura ocupacional e na distribuição da renda e em que medida sua evolução tem sido marcada por formas precárias de inserção ocupacional. Levanta-se a hipótese de que  tem  se confi- gurado, no Brasil,  um  novo  modelo precário de integração da classe trabalhadora, um precariado, no qual se combinam a precariedade no emprego e no trabalho e uma  forte presença do Estado  assistencial.
A teoria da ‘sociedade do espetáculo’ e os mass media: vetores ideológicos
Authors: De Souza Daniel Maurício Viana
Published: April 2016

Discute acerca do condicionamento ideológico exercido pela,  assim denominada, sociedade do espetáculo nos processos e linguagens in- fo-comunicacionais concernentes aos  mass  media contemporâneos. Num primeiro momento, aborda a noção  de ‘espetáculo’ associando-a ao movimento situacionista e contextualizando-a na atualidade. Em seguida, argumenta sobre os acionamentos ideológicos que envolvem as práticas concernentes ao horizonte dos meios  de comunicação de massa. E por fim, analisa os vetores ideológicos a partir dos quais  se pode  destacar a ação ‘espetacular’ no âmbito mass  media especificamente.
Regulamentação, ética e controle social na pesquisa em ciências humanas
Authors: Sobottka Emil A.
Published: April 2016

O texto  situa  a evolução da regulamentação da ética  em pesquisa na área  da  saúde no  Brasil,  a gradativa expansão colonizadora de  sua aplicação para  as ciências humanas. Ele aborda ademais a tensão en- tre a liberdade e a autonomia na pesquisa com as pretensões de con- trole externo e a diferença entre  as pesquisas experimentais, feitas na lógica  positivista da  separação sujeito-objeto, e aquelas observacio- nais-interpretativas, que  se ocupam das  ações  das  pessoas, das  relações entre  elas e do sentido que elas dão ao que fazem  e que têm nas pessoas envolvidas interlocutores. Além de realçar a inadequação do atual  monitoramento feito pelo sistema CEP/Conep  para  as pesquisas em ciências sociais, o texto defende que a centralidade da responsabi- lidade ético-profissional do pesquisador não pode  ser substituída por procedimentos burocratizados e voluntaristas de controle externo.
A ética em pesquisa transfigurada em campo de poder: notas sobre o sistema CEP/CONEP
Authors: Sarti Cynthia
Published: April 2016

A atuação crítica de pesquisadores e associações científicas das ciên- cias humanas e sociais  em relação à regulamentação da ética em pes- quisa  no Brasil pela Resolução 466/12, do Conselho Nacional de Saú- de, levou  a Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa (Conep),  centro regulador do sistema, levou a reconhecer a necessidade de elaboração de regulamentação específica para  essas  ciências. A Conep  iniciou o processo, em  curso, de  elaboração desta  regulamentação em  agosto de 2013 com a criação de um grupo  de trabalho para este fim, do qual participam representantes das  associações dessas áreas.  Busco  aqui registrar, de um lado,  as tensões e entraves nesse  processo e as práti- cas de poder pelas  quais  a Conep  afirma-se indevidamente como  re- gulador da ética  em pesquisa em todos  os campos do conhecimento; de outro, as perspectivas abertas para  as ciências humanas e sociais.
A húbris bioética: rumo a uma polícia epistemológica?
Authors: Edler Flavio
Published: April 2016

Este artigo propõe uma  reflexão sobre o conflito entre  o Sistema CEP/ Conep  e os pesquisadores em Ciências Humanas e Sociais (CHS), que tem  barrado o avanço das  pesquisas em nossa  área.  Para atingir esse objetivo, proponho um itinerário que parte  de uma  avaliação sobre  a organização do trabalho intelectual e a emergência dos instrumentos de regulação profissional no mundo contemporâneo. Em seguida, me aproximo dos arranjos próprios ao mundo acadêmico, com suas  ten- sões, conflitos e acomodações, alcançando, por fim, o âmago da atual controvérsia.
Vivir con demencia en Perú: ¿El sistema de salud está enfrentando la sobrecarga?
Authors: Custodio Nilton
Published: April 2016

.
Etiología de infarto cerebral en adultos jóvenes de una serie de pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas en el periodo 2010 al 2013.
Authors: Enciso Matos Iván , Pinto-Casaverde Lino , Calle-La Rosa Pilar , Torres-Ramírez Luis
Published: April 2016

Objetivos:Precisar la etiología del infarto cerebral en adultos jóvenes hospitalizados en el Departamento de Enfermedades Neurovasculares del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas (INCN) durante el periodo 2010 al 2013. Material y métodos:Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal; en paciente jóvenes con diagnóstico de infarto cerebral, hospitalizados en el INCN, en el periodo de estudio que tuvieron tomografía y/o imagen de resonancia magnética cerebral. Resultados: Un total de 43 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El 55,8% fueron mujeres. La media de edad fue 37,6±6,4 años. El 69,8% provenían de Lima. El 44,2% de los casos fueron de etiología indeterminada, 23,3% cardioembólica. La media de edad para la etiología atero-trombótica fue de 41,8 años, y para la etiología indeterminada de 34,7 años. El territorio vascular mayormente comprometido fue el de la circulación anterior con 65,1%.Conclusiones:Se describen las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y la etiología del infarto cerebral en adultos jóvenes. Los más frecuentes fueron: indeterminada y cardioembólica. Las enfermedades metabólicas y el uso de anticonceptivos orales fueron los factores asociados más frecuentes. No hubo mortalidad. El territorio vascular cerebral mayormente comprometido fue la circulación anterior.
Trombosis venosa profunda como complicación médica en un paciente con catatonía.
Authors: Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff , Huete-Córdova María , Salirrosas-Alegría Cristopher
Published: April 2016

La catatonía es un síndrome psiquiátrico cuya conceptualización ha conocido diversos avatares, desde la ya clásica descripción hecha por Kahlbaum. Su prevalencia oscila entre el 7% a 31% de pacientes psiquiátricos, aunque se reporta que frecuentemente es subdiagnosticada. Se sabe que la catatonía prolongada puede resultar en complicaciones serias para la vida del paciente debido a la prolongada inmovilidad y deshidratación, por lo que consideramos importante presentar el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años como ejemplo de catatonía con síntomas psicóticos y que desarrolló una complicación médica no psiquiátrica: trombosis venosa profunda de miembro inferior izquierdo. El paciente fue tratado con diazepam y olanzapina, además del manejo de la trombosis con anticoagulantes; se observó mejoría de la sintomatología psiquiátrica a partir de las dos primeras semanas de tratamiento.
Síndrome de Aicardi: Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Villarreal-Ybazeta Miguel A. , Tirado-Chavarría Felicitas A. , Calderón-Alarcón Nila E.
Published: April 2016

El síndrome de Aicardi (SA), es una rara enfermedad neurogenética, diagnosticada clínicamente por la triada clásica de agenesia del cuerpo calloso, espasmos infantiles y lagunas corioretinales.El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue presentar el espectro clínico y la evolución de este trastorno en un caso. Reportamos una lactante de dos meses, de malformaciones cerebrales múltiples, que ingresa a emergencia por presentar crisis convulsivas. Durante la hospitalización, los hallazgos clínicos – electroencefalográficos, neuroimágenes y evaluación oftalmológica confirman el diagnóstico de SA. Se resalta la importancia de conocer las manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome, para tenerlo en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial, sobre todo en aquellos casos que presenten espasmos infantiles asociados a agenesia del cuerpo calloso.
Aneurismas bilaterales de la arteria vertebral en una paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 1.
Authors: Huillca-Huerta Daniel A.
Published: April 2016

.
INTERVENÇÕES ARQUEOLÓGICAS EM SÍTIOS A CÉU ABERTO NA ÁREA ARQUEOLÓGICA DO SERIDÓ: OS SÍTIOS MEGGERS I E MEGGERS III – PARELHAS – RN, BRASIL
Authors: Mafra Fábio , Martin Gabriela , Nogueira Mônica
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo aborda os primeiros resultados obtidos durante a campanha arqueológica ocorrida no ano de 2012 nos sítios a céu aberto Meggers I e Meggers III, localizados no município de Parelhas, área arqueológica do Seridó - RN. Até o momento, foram identificados dois períodos de ocupação, datados em ± 2.800 e ± 2.100 anos para o sítio Meggers III. Os dados obtidos apontam para uma possível continuidade das ocupações humanas, com a reocupação de espaços ambientalmente delimitados na área arqueológica do Seridó. ABSTRACTThe following report presents the preliminary results from the first excavation campaign occurred in 2012 in the open sites Meggers I and Meggers III, located in the city Parelhas, archaeological area of Serido – RN. So far we identified two periods of occupation, dated at ± 2.800 and ± 2.100 years for the site Meggers III. These data indicate to a possible continuity of human occupation, with the reoccupation of environmental spaces delimited the archaeological area of Seridó.Keywords: Archaeology; Seridó; Rio Grande do Norte.
DESVENDANDO O NAUFRÁGIO DO VAPOR BAHIA, PE, BRASIL (1887): O OLHAR DA ARQUEOLOGIA SUBAQUÁTICA
Authors: Barbosa Marina Souza , Rios Carlos
Published: April 2016

O trabalho trata do naufrágio do vapor Bahia, pertencente à Companhia de Navegação Brasileira por Vapor, localizada no município de Goiana - PE, no mar adjacente à praia de Ponta de Pedras, a cerca de 6 milhas da costa, em uma profundidade de 25 m. O vapor Bahia foi a pique após abalroar-se com o vapor Pirapama, pertencente à Companhia Pernambucana de Navegação por Vapor. Na época do acidente, não foi possível averiguar quem foi o responsável, visto que apenas as avarias do vapor Pirapama foram examinadas, porque a Marinha do Brasil não possuía em seus quadros técnicos mergulhadores que inspecionassem o vapor naufragado, permanecendo a incógnita até os dias atuais. ABSTRACTThe paper deals with the Bahia steam wreck, belonging to Brazilian Navigation Company for Steam, located in the municipality of Goiana - PE, in the adjacent sea to the beach of Ponta de Pedras, about 6 miles from the coast, at a depth of 25 m. The Bahia steam went down after ramming it with the Pirapama steam belonging to Pernambuco Navigation Company for Steam. At the time of the accident was not possible to ascertain who was responsible, since only steam breakdowns Pirapama were examined, due to the Brazilian Navy did not have in their technical staff divers inspect the wrecked steam, remaining the unknown to the present day.Keywords: Underwater Archaeology; Bahia steam; Pirapama steam;
SILVA, Sérgio Francisco Serafim Monteiro da. Arqueologia Funerária: Corpo, Cultura e Sociedade. Ensaios sobre a interdisciplinaridade arqueológica no estudo das práticas mortuárias. Recife: Editora da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014, 133p.
Authors: Maior Paulo Martin Souto
Published: April 2016

O livro reúne ensaios extraídos de artigos e monografias escritas pelo autor desde 2001 e representa a primeira obra dedicada à Arqueologia Funerária publicada pela UFPE. Os temas dedicados aos estudos da Antropologia Biológica e Arqueologia Funerária são relativamente escassos na bibliografia brasileira, isso porque os resultados das pesquisas são restritos a artigos, dissertações e teses do meio acadêmico. O livro contém vinte capítulos, todos introdutórios aos temas da Bioarqueologia e da Arqueologia Funerária, com revisões de autores anglo-saxões clássicos, como L. Binford, Tainter, O´Shea, P. Ucko, J. Brown, C. S. Larsen, Saxe, R. Chapman, I. Hodder, Douglas Ubelaker, Don Brothwell, Simon Mays, John Hunter, Tim White, W. Bass, Hertz, Bendann, Margaret Cox, Jane Buikstra, Ian Morris, Parker Pearson e os franceses Louis Vincent Thomas, Henri Duday, Pettitt e Edgar Morin.
ATIVIDADES COTIDIANAS, DEPOSIÇÃO DE REFUGO E AÇÃO DO ARADO: PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DO REGISTRO ARQUEOLÓGICO NO ESPAÇO DE UMA SENZALA DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES (RJ)
Authors: Suguimatsu Isabela Cristina , Symanski Luís Cláudio Pereira
Published: April 2016

Este artigo tem por propósito apresentar os resultados do estudo dos processos de formação do registro arqueológico em um setor da senzala do Colégio dos Jesuítas de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ). Esse espaço foi submetido à ação antrópica recente relacionada, sobretudo, à aragem para fins agrícolas. Nesse sentido, o propósito da pesquisa foi avaliar a ação do arado sobre o registro arqueológico considerando o seu impacto sobre a integridade das três principais categorias materiais que compuseram esse registro — ossos, louças e cerâmicas — em três níveis de ocupação e em dois contextos deposicionais distintos, um caracterizado pelo descarte primário e outro pelo descarte secundário. No caso do primeiro contexto, que foi um espaço de convívio cotidiano dos cativos adjacente à uma das unidades de habitação, o material foi fortemente impactado ainda no momento em que o registro arqueológico se formava e, muito posteriormente, pela ação do arado. No segundo contexto, que consistiu em uma concavidade aberta para a deposição de refugo, o material apresentou maior grau de integridade nos níveis mais profundos, porém, no nível mais superficial, o padrão de fragmentação apresentou-se similar ao evidenciado no primeiro contexto. As diferenças nos padrões de integridade do material, nesse sentido, demonstram que o registro arqueológico foi diferentemente impactado pelos processos de formação cultural.ABSTRACTThis article approaches the cultural formation processes that acted upon the archaeological record in the area of a slave quarter from the Colégio dos Jesuítas, a sugar plantation located in Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ). This space has been recently impacted by plowing for agricultural purposes. In this study, we evaluate the differential impact of plow over three material categories – bones, pottery and ceramics (refined earthenware and majólica). This evaluation considered three occupational levels and two distinct contexts, the first one characterized by primary discard and the second by secondary discard. In the first case, the material suffered a considerable impact still during the formation of the archaeological record, as the result of the constant use of the space for daily activities. The second context, in turn, consisted in a concavity used for refuse disposal. In this case the material presented a higher integrity level in the deeper levels, whereas in the upper levels the fragmentation patterns corresponded to those ones verified on the former context. The differences in the integrity patterns indicate that the archaeological record was differentially impacted by cultural formation processes.Keywords: Archaeology of slavery; material culture; formation processes.
Two‐Dimensional Segmented Regression Model for Aluminum and Manganese Toxicity and Their Interaction in Soybean
Authors: Shuai Xiufu
Published: April 2016

The toxicity of Al and Mn frequently occurs together to limit crop growth in tropical acid soils. There is need to develop a quantitative mechanistic model to describe the toxicity of Al and Mn individually as well as their interaction. A two‐dimensional segmented regression model was developed to describe the plant's tolerance, linear response, and saturation effect of Al and Mn individually as a plateau‐linear‐plateau trend. The model also included the interaction between Al and Mn defined as the multiplication of their linear responses. Two published data sets to demonstrate the model were from a field liming experiment (soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield changed with soil extractable Al and Mn) and a solution culture experiment (soybean root and shoot growth changed with solution Al and Mn). Results showed that the model fitted well the two data sets. Soybean yield and growth in both experiments were reduced by individual Al and Mn. In the liming experiment, the interaction between Al and Mn was not significant. In the solution culture experiment, there were significant interactions in amelioration of toxicity to both root and shoot growth. Besides the estimates of tolerant levels and saturation levels of Al and Mn in solution, two other criteria derived from the mathematical model were critical levels at 90% relative yield and characteristic levels when soybean responded to Al only and Mn only. The model and the derived criteria can be used for optimal soil liming to reduce Al and Mn toxicity and accurate screening of Al‐ and Mn‐tolerant genotypes.

A new segmented regression model can quantify Al and Mn toxicity and interaction.

Al and Mn interaction based on the model was more accurate than conventional ANOVA.

Critical Al and Mn levels depended on each other as mathematical functions.

Soybean did not respond to Al in solution culture when Mn was 50.741 μmol L−1.
Use of Dehydrated Agar to Estimate Microbial Water Quality for Horticulture Irrigation
Authors: Meador Dustin P. , Fisher Paul R. , Guy Charles L. , Harmon Philip F. , Peres Natalia A. , Teplitski Max
Published: April 2016

Petrifilms are dehydrated agar culture plates that have been used to quantify colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 of either aerobic bacteria (Petrifilm‐AC) or fungus (Petrifilm‐YM), depending on substrate composition. Microbes in irrigation systems can indicate biofilm risk and potential clogging of irrigation emitters. The research objective was to compare counts on Petrifilms versus traditional, hydrated‐agar plates using samples collected from recirculated irrigation waters and cultures of isolated known species. The estimated count (in CFU mL−1) from a recirculated irrigation sample after 7 d of incubation on Petrifilm‐YM was only 5.5% of the count quantified using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol after 14 d. In a separate experiment with a known species, Petrifilm‐YM did not successfully culture zoospores of Phytophthora cactorum. Isolates of viable P. cactorum zoospores were cultured successfully on potato‐dextrose agar (PDA), with comparable counts with a vegetable juice medium supplemented with the antibiotics pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, pentochloronitrobenzene and hymexazol (PARP‐H). The quantification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. Begoniaceae on Petrifilm‐AC was not significantly different (p < 0.05) than on PDA, but was lower than on Reasoner and Goldrich agar (R2A) or with a hemocytometer. The current formulation of Petrifilm‐YM is unlikely to be a useful monitoring method for plant pathogens in irrigation water because of the inability to successfully culture oomycetes. However, Petrifilm‐AC was an effective method to quantify bacteria and can provide an easy‐to‐use on‐farm tool to monitor biofilm risk and microbial density.

Core Ideas

Dehydrated agar culture plates (Petrifilms) were evaluated for bacteria and oomycetes.

Colony counts were quantified in irrigation water and single species cultures.

Petrifilm plates did not successfully culture oomycetes.

However, the Petrifilm was an effective method to quantify density of bacteria.

Petrifilms provide an easy on‐farm tool to monitor irrigation water quality.
Chromium Release from a COPR‐Contaminated Soil at Varying Water Content and Redox Conditions
Authors: Matern Katrin , Mansfeldt Tim
Published: April 2016

Many soils in the region of Kanpur, North India, are heavily affected by the leather industry and its upstream supplier sector, as indicated by elevated chromium (Cr) contents. Under reducing conditions—for instance, at water saturation after monsoon rain or flood irrigation—the dynamic and species distribution of Cr may be affected due to changes in redox potential (EH). In this study, the influence of EH on the speciation and release of Cr from a contaminated agricultural soil was investigated. A soil sample that was affected by hyperalkaline leachate from chromite ore processing residue, was taken and packed in soil columns, and subjected to a saturation–drainage–saturation cycle. After initial water saturation, the EH dropped slowly to minimum values of around ‒100 mV (calculated to pH 7), while EH was controlled by CrO42−/Cr2O3(s), or CrO42−/(Fe,Cr)OOH redox couples. Soil drainage resulted in a quick return to oxidizing conditions; i.e., EH > 300 mV. The Cr species distribution and release showed a clear trend with EH. At the beginning of the experiment, under oxidizing and weakly reducing conditions (EH range from >100 to 300 mV), Cr(VI) was released in particular. However, under moderately reducing conditions (EH range from 100 to –100 mV), Cr was gradually immobilized and irreversible sequestered via reductive precipitation. The results presented in this study provide an improved understanding of the mobility of Cr(VI) in contaminated soils at varying water contents, which is essential for the evaluation of environmental risks in this region.

Core Ideas

Cr(VI) was highly mobile in the investigated soil.

High Cr(VI) concentration prevented the reduction of Mn and Fe.

Cr(VI) was mobilized under oxidizing soil conditions.

Cr was immobilized under moderately reducing soil conditions.
GGE Biplot Analysis of Yield Associations with Root Traits in a Mesoamerican Bean Diversity Panel
Authors: Hoyos‐Villegas V. , Wright E.M. , Kelly J.D.
Published: April 2016

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is subject to prolonged and crop‐failure‐threatening drought events worldwide. One of the best approaches in identifying parents and progeny with local adaptation to a target environment is the characterization of multiple environments. In this study, we used genotype plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis to examine the informativeness of the testing environments used by the bean breeding program at Michigan State University to select for drought tolerance. A group of 96 diverse Mesoamerican common bean genotypes assembled from breeding programs and germplasm collections across the United States were tested in two Michigan locations for 3 yr. Genotype plus genotype × environment biplots were used to rank genotypes according to environments and treatments (irrigated and rainfed) within environments. A genotype × trait analysis was also used to identify traits relevant to yield under rainfed and irrigated environments. Significant differentiation and nonredundancy were found among the environments, suggesting that resource use is efficient. Rainfed environments were better at discriminating high‐performing genotypes in Michigan. Genotype × trait analysis showed a significantly negative correlation between growth habit and seed yield. A common feature of the better adapted and higher yielding genotypes under Michigan conditions was the upright type II growth habit. A number of root architecture traits such as taproot diameter were independent or associated with yield in common bean under different environments. Genotypes with contrasting traits associated with yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions were identified and could be used in the development of future common bean cultivars with improved drought tolerance.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tetraploid Accessions of the Medicago sativa–falcata Complex
Authors: İlhan Doğan , Li Xuehui , Brummer E. Charles , Şakiroğlu Muhammet
Published: April 2016

The Medicago sativa–falcata complex includes the economically important forage legume alfalfa and its primary gene pool. The complex includes both diploid and tetraploid taxa, which are usually designated as distinct subspecies. The relationships among wild diploid members of the complex have been clarified using molecular markers, but the relationship among unimproved tetraploid germplasm is poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the population genetic structure of the tetraploid Medicago sativa–falcata complex to deduce the amount and pattern of genetic diversity using genome‐wide simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We used 70 tetraploid accessions (280 genotypes) from the USDA National Plant Germplasm Collection that were collected from throughout the entire natural distribution range of the species and that represented putative wild populations. Population genetic analyses were conducted to determine the patterns of demarcation among accessions and germplasm groups. Model‐based cluster analysis indicated that tetraploid alfalfa has two main groups corresponding to the subspecies sativa and falcata. Medicago sativa subsp. ×varia produced a hybrid pattern in between M. sativa subsp. sativa and M. sativa subsp. falcata. The studies also revealed that there is a spatial genetic structure among subsp. falcata accessions, implying that extensive sampling from different localities for curation of alfalfa genetic resources is important.
Processing conversion and parallel control platform: a parallel approach to serial hydrodynamic simulators for complex hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Shang Yizi , Guo Yanxiang , Shang Ling , Ye Yuntao , Liu Ronghua , Wang Guangqian
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a processing conversion and parallel control platform (PCsP) is proposed for transitioning serial hydrodynamic simulators to a cluster-computing system. We previously undertook efforts to promote the research and development of this type of platform and to demonstrate and commercialize it. Our PCsP provide distributed and parallel patterns, a centralized architecture, and user support. To validate our employed methodology and highlight its simplicity, we adopted the technology in various applications based on multi-grid algorithms. The methodology was shown to be reliable and feasible across computational domains, partitioning strategies, and multi-grid codes. Furthermore, its effectiveness was demonstrated using a complex engineering case in addition to code based on slightly less complex mathematical models. Eventual transition to a cluster-computing system will require further investigation of the impact of different model combinations on calculation accuracy, efficiency of operating models, and PCsP functional development.
Performance and mechanism of sludge dewaterability enhanced by potassium ferrate pretreatment and calcium chloride addition
Authors: Liu Yali , Kang Xiaorong , Li Xin , Wang Zheng , Jing Zhaoqian
Published: April 2016

The potential benefits and mechanisms of potassium ferrate pretreatment and calcium chloride addition on sludge dewaterability were investigated in this study. The capillary suction time (CST) was used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. Results indicated that potassium ferrate of 0.1 g/g total solids (TS) and calcium chloride of 0.4 g/g TS were optimal parameters, and corresponding CST reached 43.7 s. Soluble organics in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were determined by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, which was used to explain the mechanism of sludge dewaterability. The fluorescence intensities of protein-like and humic-like substances in EPS had a negative relationship with the CST. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that calcium chloride neutralized the surface charge of particles, making the soluble protein-like substances agglomerate and form bigger flocs, consequently enhancing sludge dewaterability.
M-PGMA as a new water treatment agent to remove oxytetracycline from water
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Bin , Deng Yang , Wang Jie , Chen Wei , Liu Yu
Published: April 2016

Magnetic ion exchange resin is a strong base anion exchange resin with magnetic properties that can be used to remove negatively charged materials from water. Magnetic poly glycidyl methacrylate resin (m-PGMA), a new type of resin, has shown better removal performance for humics than MIEX®. Removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) in water by m-PGMA, and factors influencing the removal, were examined, and in addition, the removal of OTC by MIEX and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were used as a comparison. Results showed that m-PGMA could remove more OTC than MIEX and PAC. The removal performance was greatly affected by dosage of m-PGMA, inorganic anions, organics and pH value. At a contact time of 30 min, the removal rates of OTC were 45%, 52% and 63% when the dosage was 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L and 20 ml/L, respectively. In comparison the removal rate of OTC by MIEX was 45% with a dosage of 10 mL/L and a contact time of 30 min. The removal of OTC was significantly increased when the pH value was above 7.3, as the OTC molecule exists as an anion in alkaline medium. In conclusion, m-PGMA is more effective than MIEX and PAC in the removal of OTC in water, and can be one of the choices to remove trace organics like OTC.
Removal of iron and manganese from aqueous solutions using carbon nanotube filters
Authors: Elsehly E. M. I. , Chechenin N. G. , Bukunov K. A. , Makunin A. V. , Priselkova A. B. , Vorobyeva E. A. , Motaweh H. A.
Published: April 2016

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become the focus of attention of many scientists and companies worldwide. CNT-based filters have a prospective advantage in comparison to the commercial filters already in operation because they are light weight and do not require electricity to operate. This investigation handles the filtration efficiency of manganese and iron from aqueous solution using commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (Taunit). The effects of different parameters such as CNT filter mass, concentration of manganese and iron in aqueous solution and pH of aqueous solution on removal of these heavy metals are determined. From these investigations, the removal efficiency of manganese and iron could reach 71.5% and 52% respectively for concentration 50 ppm, suggesting that Taunit is an excellent adsorbent for manganese and iron removal from water. There was a significant increase in removal efficiency at pH = 3 for manganese and pH = 8 for iron. The effect of oxidation on the structural of MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques to investigate the functionalization with oxygen-containing and outer diameter distribution. It was found that functionalized CNT-based filters are more efficient at removing manganese and iron from aqueous solutions. Oxidized MWCNTs may be a promising candidate for heavy metal ion removal from industrial wastewater.
Arsenic, antimony and chromium speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS in selected river ecosystems of Upper Silesia, Poland – a preliminary study and validation of methodology
Authors: Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena , Szopa Sebastian
Published: April 2016

Upper Silesia is the most transformed by humans of the Polish territories. As a result of mining, urbanization and other industrial activities, irreversible changes have taken place in the environment. In this paper, the method of collecting, preserving, storing and preparing samples from four Silesian rivers was optimized. Silesian sediment and river water samples are a challenge for the analyst, because they have complex matrices and high content of chlorides coming from the discharges of saline water. This study concerned determination of Sb(III), Sb(V), As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, AB, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The following columns were used: Dionex Ion Pack AG7 to determine chromium forms, Hamilton PRP-X100 to separate antimony species and Dionex Ion Pack AS7 to determine five chemical arsenic forms. The methodology used allowed for elimination of interferences during analysis of highly saline and complex samples and ions separation directly without adding any complexing compounds. Depending on the analytes, full separation was obtained within 3–9.5 min. The sediment sample extraction and determination were validated (recovery, limit of detection, repeatability and uncertainty) with the certified reference materials (CRMs). The optimized methodology allowed for study of mobility and seasonality changes of As, Sb and Cr species in the river environment.
Effects of improved storage containers on the bacteriological quality of household drinking water in low-income urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oloruntoba Elizabeth O. , Babalola Toyin F. , Morakinyo Oyewale M. , Mumuni Adejumo
Published: April 2016

This study assessed the effectiveness of improved storage containers on household drinking water quality in four low-income urban communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three hundred randomly selected respondents were interviewed, while 44 households were selected and randomly assigned to four improved container treatment groups: Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Taps (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Taps (CK). Water samples from springs, regular storage containers (RSC), and improved containers were analysed for total coliform (TC), total viable bacteria (TVB) and Escherichia coli for 2 weeks. About 96% reported using the same containers for cooking and drinking water, while only 23.3% used a form of water treatment. TC count for RSC and CB exceeded the recommended limit. Only 3 (6.8%) of the samples from RSC contained E. coli. A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean TC counts of samples from the improved containers. Percentage reduction in TC count from RSC, and the improved containers (CB, CBT, CK and CKT) were 25.4%, 37.3%, 45.0%, 56.8% and 53.8% respectively. Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas were isolated from the water samples. CK produced the best result. Hygiene education on use of appropriate storage containers for drinking water is recommended at the household level.
Optimum backwashing conditions and ammonium-nitrogen treatment efficiency of iron oxide modified sands coated in biofilm
Authors: Li Dongmei , Lin Jieman , Wang Yizhi , Zhang Wen , Li Shaoxiu
Published: April 2016

In this study, iron oxide modified sands with nano-pores (IOMSNP) were enveloped in biofilm (B-IOMSNP) in order to treat the ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) in micro-polluted raw water. The biomass, optimum backwashing conditions, treatment efficiency, and surface morphological properties of the B-IOMSNP were investigated via bio-filtration experiments. The raw quartz sands (RQS) and IOMSNP exhibited biomass levels of 24.32 nmol-P/(g-sand) and 83.71 nmol-P/(g-sand), respectively. The B-IOMSNP filter exhibited a lower swelling ratio, smaller initial head loss, and longer filtration period when water and air were used alternately for backwashing rather than water alone. In addition, the B-IOMSNP was most effective when air alone (at a strength of qair,I = 7 L/(s·m2) for tair,I = 6 min), a combination of air and water (at strengths of qair,II = 7 L/(s·m2) and qwater,II = 5 L/(s·m2) for tair-water,II = 6 min, respectively), and water alone (at a strength of qwater,III = 7 L/(s·m2) for twater,III = 4 min) were used alternately for flushing. The results indicated that the proposed B-IOMSNP could efficiently resist the shock induced by high NH4+-N concentrations (4 mg/L). The ripening period of the B-IOMSNP column was equal to 30 minutes. Furthermore, the B-IOMSNP reduced the turbidity of the water to values of less than 0.2 NTU for 72 hours and exhibited an NH4+-N removal rate of up to 96% and a head loss of 132 cm. In contrast, the biofilm-coated RQS exhibited an NH4+-N removal rate varying from 60% to 82%, a filtration period of 16 hours, and a terminal head loss of 58 cm. Due to its nano-pores and rough surface, the IOMSNP exhibited a specific surface area 39 times greater than that of the RQS, resulting in a higher filtration performance and absorption capacity.
Evaluation of site and hydrogeochemistry in an urban groundwater source field
Authors: Yan Bai-Zhong , Xiao Chang-Lai , Liang Xiu-Juan
Published: April 2016

Water demand has increased in metropolitan cities due to fast population growth and industrial development. Jilin City, located in the middle of Jilin province, northeast China, has a population of approximately 4.30 million. The main water source for Jilin City is the Songhua River which has a lot of problems. This study aims to determine the appropriate groundwater resource field for Jilin City by groundwater quantity analysis, groundwater quality analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. Results showed that the groundwater quantity in the study area was separated into four main areas. Most of the study areas had good groundwater supplies. The dominant ions were Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4+, NO3−, HCO3− and SO42−. The groundwater types can be classified as Ca–HCO3, Ca + Mg–HCO3, Ca + Na–HCO3, Ca + HCO3–SO4, Ca + Mg–HCO3 + SO4 and Ca + Na–HCO3 + SO4. The regions of groundwater satisfying the groundwater quality standard can be separated into five main areas. Using principal component analysis (PCA), five principal factors were extracted from the dataset. Factor 1 had high positive loadings for most of the major ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3− and SO42−) as well as for total hardness (TH) and electrical conductivity (EC), which represents the natural hydro-geochemical evolution of groundwater by groundwater-geological interaction. Factor 2 was dominated by F−, pH and PO43−, which may be due to anthropogenic pollution sources. Factor 3 was dominated by NO2−, NH4+ and NO3−, which may also be due to anthropogenic pollution sources. Factor 4 had a higher loading of chemical oxygen demand (COD), which again may be due to anthropogenic pollution sources. Factor 5 was dominated by Fe and Mn, which are produced by weathering-leaching-dissolution processes. The score values of the principal factors were influenced by urban land use. Chuanying region is the area in which the quality of groundwater is relatively good. It was determined that No. 6 region in Chuanying region is the groundwater resource field which has sufficient good quality water.
Assessment of the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in houses in southern Brazil
Authors: Lopes André Castellani , Rupp Ricardo Forgiarini , Ghisi Enedir
Published: April 2016

The state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, has been suffering from water scarcity mainly over summer due to high potable water consumption and outdated water supply system. On the coast, several cities have their population doubled due to tourism during summer. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate the potential for potable water savings by using rainwater in the residential sector of 60 cities located in Santa Catarina state. Computer simulations using the Netuno computer programme were performed considering long-term daily rainfall time series for each city and typical characteristics of houses such as roof area, number of people per house, potable water demand and non-potable water demand (rainwater demand). In total, 2,700 simulations were performed. From the computer simulations, an ideal rainwater tank capacity and the corresponding potential for potable water savings for each case were obtained. Results showed average potable water savings ranging from 75 to 461 litres/day per house and rainwater tank capacities ranging from 1,000 to 16,000 litres. Despite the production of average outcomes using long-term daily rainfall data in cities with a high inter-annual variation of rainfall, results showed that the use of rainwater in houses may bring considerable potable water savings in Santa Catarina state and so could contribute to mitigating the potable water shortages.
Characterisation of biodegradable organic matter in reclaimed water using a bacterial growth fingerprint assay
Authors: Thayanukul Parinda , Kurisu Futoshi , Kasuga Ikuro , Kanaya Kizuku , Furumai Hiroaki
Published: April 2016

Microbial regrowth, microbial growth after disinfection, is an important problem that deteriorates water quality during the storage and distribution of reclaimed water. Biodegradable organic matter (BOM) that remains after water reclamation processes directly promotes microbial regrowth. In this study we propose a novel assay called the ‘bacterial growth fingerprint (BGF)’ to characterise BOM based on the maximum growth of bacterial strains, which is the extension of the conventional assimilable organic carbon assay for drinking water. Nine bacterial strains were selected from nearly 200 isolates from various reclaimed water systems. These selected bacterial strains exhibited unique substrate utilisation patterns. The BGF assay clearly reflected the difference in the quantity and quality of BOM between six different reclamation plants and the changes in BOM during a full-scale reclamation process. The information on BOM revealed by the BGF assay is useful to optimise the treatment processes or operational conditions for biologically stable reclaimed water.
Long-term Variability in Glycemic Control Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensities in APOE4 Genotype Carriers With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Livny Abigail , Ravona-Springer Ramit , Heymann Anthony , Priess Rachel , Kushnir Tammar , Tsarfaty Galia , Rabinov Leeron , Moran Reut , Hoffman Hadass , Cooper Itzik , Greenbaum Lior , Silverman Jeremy , Sano Mary , Johnson Sterling C. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Schnaider Beeri Michal
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

We assessed whether the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) genotype affects the relationship of variability in long-term glycemic control (measured by HbA1c SD of multiple measurements) with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

WMH volume was generated from structural T1 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI in each subject. The analysis included 124 subjects; 27 (21.8%) had one or more APOE4 alleles.

RESULTS

HbA1c variability was associated with significantly higher WMH in APOE4 carriers (r = 0.47, P = 0.03), controlling for age, sex, mean HbA1c, number of follow-up years, and a composite of cardiovascular risk factors, but not in noncarriers (r = −0.04, P = 0.71; P for interaction = 0.050).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that the APOE4 genotype affects the relationship of long-term glycemic control with WMH load so that APOE4 carriers may be more vulnerable to the insults of poor control.
Are Male Role Models Really the Solution?
Authors: Tarrant Anna , Terry Gareth , Ward Michael R.M. , Ruxton Sandy , Robb Martin , Featherstone Brigid
Published: April 2016

This article considers the so-called war on boys through a critical examination of the way boys and young men have been represented in what might be termed the male role model discourse in policy and media debates in the UK. Critical engagement with academic literatures that explore the male role model response to what has become known as the problem of boys, predominantly in education and in welfare settings, reveals that contemporary policy solutions continue to be premised on outdated theoretical foundations that reflect simplistic understandings of gender and gender relations. In this article we advocate policy solutions that acknowledge the complexity and diversity of boys’ and young men’s experiences and that do not simplistically reduce their problems to the notion of a crisis in masculinity.
Adolescent Same-Sex Romance and Non-Traditional Masculinity in Hoje Eu Quero Voltar Sozinho and Do Começo ao Fim
Authors: Mueller Hannah
Published: April 2016

The representation of adolescent same-sex love in Daniel Ribeiro’s Hoje Eu Quero Voltar Sozinho (2014) and Aluizio Abranches’s Do Começo ao Fim (2009) stands out from other treatments of adolescence and homosexuality in Brazilian/LatinAmerican cinema. The movies’ setting within an urban upper-class environment allows for a conception of adolescence as a prolonged period of carefree exploration. By intertwining the experience of adolescence with the discovery of emergent sexuality, the movies develop a model of sensual, gentle masculinity and a reciprocal concept of homosexual love, thus undermining the paradigmatic juxtaposition of active masculinity and passive femininity that has dominated cinematic representations of homosexual characters and same sex-encounters in Latin-American cinema.
The Boy Is Not a Well-Behaved Henry
Authors: Crott Angela J.M. , Schurgers Fabian
Published: April 2016

Representations of the boy in Dutch educational literature shift considerably during the twentieth century while educational goals remain importantly unchanged. Optimism in education seen before the Second World War diminishes after the war as a result of social changes. While representations of boys take on increasingly negative tones, boys themselves may be changing little. This is suggested by the goals of education that remain constant during the entire century, goals which aim to free the boy as much as possible from troublesome behavior as mischief. Pedagogical aims to have boys adopt desired behavior, like courteousness, change during the 1970s and stress those of care and emotional strength. However, boys’ adoption of caring behaviors progresses so slowly the boy, often embraced as the hope of the fatherland in the first half of the twentieth century, is increasingly seen as a problem at the end of it.
Systems That Have an Impact on the Development of African American Boys
Authors: Gray Nakia M.
Published: April 2016

Faye Z. Belgrave and Joshua Brevard. 2015. African American Boys: Identity, Culture, and Development. New York, NY: Springer, 2015. 174 pp., $129.00 (hb) ISBN: 9781493917174.
Looking Toward the Future
Authors: Cooks Jamal A.
Published: April 2016

Kirkland C. Vaughans and Warren Spielberg, eds. 2014. The Psychology of Black Boys and Adolescents. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. 2 Volumes. 615 pp. ISBN 978-0-313-38198-0 (hb) 978-0-313-38199-7 (e-bk)
This Boy's Life
Authors: Shary Timothy
Published: April 2016

Boyhood: Twelve Years on Film, photographs by Matt Lankes, texts by Richard Linklater, Ethan Hawke, Patricia Arquette, Ellar Coltrane, Lorelei Linklater, Cathleen Sutherland, and Matt Lankes. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2014. 200 pp. ISBN 978-1-4773-0541-6 (pb)
Shakespearean Boyhood from the Early Modern Era to the Present
Authors: Benbenek Mary Beth
Published: April 2016

Katie Knowles. 2014. Shakespeare’s Boys: A Cultural History. Palgrave Shakespeare Studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137005366 (hb) 9781137005373 (e-bk)
General Introduction
Authors:   The Editors
Published: April 2016

European Comic Art has moved from Liverpool to Oxford, and we are happy to be working with Mark Stanton and his colleagues at Berghahn Books, whose headquarters are within sight of a dreaming spire or two but just as close to East Oxford, where the longest-standing continuous annual comics festival in Britain, ‘Caption’, has been held every summer since 1992.