bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors and clinical sequelae of direct electrical cortical stimulation–induced seizures and afterdischarges in patients undergoing awake mapping
Authors: Abecassis Zachary A. , Ayer Amit B. , Templer Jessica W. , Yerneni Ketan , Murthy Nikhil K. , Tate Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Intraoperative stimulation has emerged as a crucial adjunct in neurosurgical oncology, aiding maximal tumor resection while preserving sensorimotor and language function. Despite increasing use in clinical practice of this stimulation, there are limited data on both intraoperative seizure (IS) frequency and the presence of afterdischarges (ADs) in patients undergoing such procedures. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for IS or ADs, and to determine the clinical consequences of these intraoperative events.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing awake craniotomy (both first time and repeat) at a single institution from 2013 to 2018. Hypothesized risk factors for ADs/ISs in patients were evaluated for their effect on ADs and ISs, including tumor location, tumor grade (I–IV), genetic markers (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2, O
6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] promoter methylation, chromosome 1p/19q codeletion), tumor volume, preoperative seizure status (yes/no), and dosage of preoperative antiepileptic drugs for each patient. Clinical outcomes assessed in patients with IS or ADs were duration of surgery, length of stay, presence of perioperative deficits, and postoperative seizures. Chi-square analysis was performed for binary categorical variables, and a Student t-test was used to assess continuous variables.

RESULTS

A total of 229 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Thirty-five patients (15%) experienced ISs. Thirteen (37%) of these 35 patients had experienced seizures that were appreciated clinically and noted on electrocorticography simultaneously, while 8 patients (23%) experienced ISs that were electrographic alone (no obvious clinical change). MGMT promoter methylation was associated with an increased prevalence of ISs (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2–7.8, p = 0.02). Forty patients (18%) experienced ADs. Twenty-three percent of patients (9/40) with ISs had ADs prior to their seizure, although ISs and ADs were not statistically associated (p = 0.16). The presence of ADs appeared to be correlated with a shorter length of stay (5.1 ± 2.6 vs 6.1 ± 3.7 days, p = 0.037). Of the clinical features assessed, none were found to be predictive of ADs. Neither IS nor AD, or the presence of either IS or AD (65/229 patients), was a predictor for increased length of stay, presence of perioperative deficits, or postoperative seizures.

CONCLUSIONS

ISs and ADs, while commonly observed during intraoperative stimulation for brain mapping, do not negatively affect patient outcomes.
Association between supratentorial pediatric high-grade gliomas involved with the subventricular zone and decreased survival: a multi-institutional retrospective study
Authors: Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Mummareddy Nishit , CreveCoeur Travis S. , Lillard Jock C. , Vaughn Brandy N. , Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Hale Andrew T. , Griffin Natalie , Wellons John C. , Limbrick David D. , Klimo Paul , Naftel Robert P.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The subventricular zone (SVZ), housed in the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles, is the largest neurogenic niche in the brain. In adults, high-grade gliomas in contact or involved with the SVZ are associated with decreased survival. Whether this association holds true in the pediatric population remains unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, the authors conducted this retrospective study in a pediatric population with high-grade gliomas treated at three comprehensive centers in the United States.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively identified 63 patients, age ≤ 21 years, with supratentorial WHO grade III–IV gliomas treated at three academic centers. Basic demographic and clinical data regarding presenting signs and symptoms and common treatment variables were obtained. Preoperative MRI studies were evaluated to assess SVZ contact by tumor and to quantify tumor volume.

RESULTS

Sixty-three patients, including 34 males (54%), had a median age of 12.3 years (IQR 6.50–16.2) and a median tumor volume of 39.4 ml (IQR 19.4–65.8). Tumors contacting the SVZ (SVZ+) were noted in 34 patients (54%) and overall were larger than those not in contact with the SVZ (SVZ−; 51.1 vs 27.3, p = 0.002). The SVZ+ tumors were also associated with decreased survival. However, age, tumor volume, tumor grade, and treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation were not associated with survival in the 63 patients. In the univariable analysis, near-total resection, gross-total resection, and seizure presentation were associated with increased survival (HR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.88, p = 0.03; HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.74, p = 0.01; and HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.97, p = 0.04, respectively). In a multivariable stepwise Cox regression analysis, only SVZ+ tumors remained significantly associated with decreased survival (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.03–3.64, p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

High-grade glioma contact with the SVZ neural stem cell niche was associated with a significant decrease in survival in the pediatric population, as it is in the adult population. This result suggests that tumor contact with the SVZ is a general negative prognosticator in high-grade glioma independent of age group and invites biological investigations to understand the SVZ’s role in glioma pathobiology.
Hydrocephalus in children with ruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Stricker Sarah , Boulouis Grégoire , Benichi Sandro , Gariel Florent , Garzelli Lorenzo , Beccaria Kevin , Chivet Anais , de Saint Denis Timothee , James Syril , Paternoster Giovanna , Zerah Michel , Bourgeois Marie , Boddaert Nathalie , Brunelle Francis , Meyer Philippe , Puget Stephanie , Naggara Olivier , Blauwblomme Thomas
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Hydrocephalus is a strong determinant of poor neurological outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In children, ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are the dominant cause of ICH. In a large prospective cohort of pediatric patients with ruptured bAVMs, the authors analyzed the rates and predictive factors of hydrocephalus requiring acute external ventricular drainage (EVD) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS).

METHODS

The authors performed a single-center retrospective analysis of the data from a prospectively maintained database of children admitted for a ruptured bAVM since 2002. Admission clinical and imaging predictors of EVD and VPS placement were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical models.

RESULTS

Among 114 patients (mean age 9.8 years) with 125 distinct ICHs due to ruptured bAVM, EVD and VPS were placed for 55/125 (44%) hemorrhagic events and 5/114 patients (4.4%), respectively. A multivariate nominal logistic regression model identified low initial Glasgow Coma Scale (iGCS) score, hydrocephalus on initial CT scan, the presence of intraventicular hemorrhage (IVH), and higher modified Graeb Scale (mGS) score as strongly associated with subsequent need for EVD (all p < 0.001). All children who needed a VPS had initial hydrocephalus requiring EVD and tended to have higher mGS scores.

CONCLUSIONS

In a large cohort of pediatric patients with ruptured bAVM, almost half of the patients required EVD and 4.4% required permanent VPS. Use of a low iGCS score and a semiquantitative mGS score as indicators of the IVH burden may be helpful for decision making in the emergency setting and thus improve treatment.
The impact of platelet-rich plasma on postoperative outcomes after spinal fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yolcu Yagiz Ugur , Wahood Waseem , Eissa Abdullah T. , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Freedman Brett A. , Elder Benjamin D. , Bydon Mohamad
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological agent obtained by centrifuging a sample of blood and retrieving a high concentration of platelets and plasma components. The concentrate is then stimulated for platelet secretion of various growth factors and cytokines. Although it is not widely used in clinical practice, its role in augmenting bony union among patients undergoing spinal fusion has been assessed in several clinical studies. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature to determine the efficacy of PRP use in spinal fusion procedures.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE for studies from all available dates. From eligible studies, data regarding the fusion rate and method of assessing fusion, estimated blood loss (EBL), and baseline and final visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected as the primary outcomes of interest. Patients were grouped by those undergoing spinal fusion with PRP and bone graft (PRP group) and those only with bone graft (graft-only group).

RESULTS

The literature search resulted in 207 articles. Forty-five full-text articles were screened, of which 11 studies were included, resulting in a meta-analysis including 741 patients. Patients without PRP were more likely to have a successful fusion at the last follow-up compared with those with PRP in their bone grafts (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.84; p = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference with regard to change in VAS scores (OR 0.00, 95% CI −2.84 to 2.84; p > 0.99) or change in EBL (OR 3.67, 95% CI −67.13–74.48; p = 0.92) between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that the additional use of PRP was not associated with any significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes and was actually found to be associated with lower fusion rates compared with standard grafting techniques. Thus, PRP may have a limited role in augmenting spinal fusion.
Improvement in cervical lordosis and sagittal alignment after vertebral body sliding osteotomy in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and kyphosis
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Choon Sung , Hwang Chang Ju , Cho Jae Hwan , Park Jae-Woo , Park Kun-Bo
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Vertebral body sliding osteotomy (VBSO) is a safe, novel technique for anterior decompression in patients with multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Another advantage of VBSO may be the restoration of cervical lordosis through multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) above and below the osteotomy level. This study aimed to evaluate the improvement and maintenance of cervical lordosis and sagittal alignment after VBSO.

METHODS

A total of 65 patients were included; 34 patients had undergone VBSO, and 31 had undergone anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). Preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were used to evaluate the improvements in cervical lordosis and sagittal alignment after VBSO. C0–2 lordosis, C2–7 lordosis, segmental lordosis, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were measured. Subgroup analysis was performed between 15 patients with 1-level VBSO and 19 patients with 2-level VBSO. Patients with 1-level VBSO were compared to patients who had undergone 1-level ACCF.

RESULTS

C0–2 lordosis (41.3° ± 7.1°), C2–7 lordosis (7.1° ± 12.8°), segmental lordosis (3.1° ± 9.2°), and C2–7 SVA (21.5 ± 11.7 mm) showed significant improvements at the final follow-up (39.3° ± 7.2°, 13° ± 9.9°, 15.2° ± 8.5°, and 18.4 ± 7.9 mm, respectively) after VBSO (p = 0.049, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.038, respectively). The postoperative segmental lordosis was significantly larger in 2-level VBSO (18.8° ± 11.6°) than 1-level VBSO (10.3° ± 5.5°, p = 0.014). The final segmental lordosis was larger in the 1-level VBSO (12.5° ± 6.2°) than the 1-level ACCF (7.2° ± 7.6°, p = 0.023). Segmental lordosis increased postoperatively (p < 0.001) and was maintained until the final follow-up (p = 0.062) after VBSO. However, the postoperatively improved segmental lordosis (p < 0.001) decreased at the final follow-up (p = 0.045) after ACCF.

CONCLUSIONS

Not only C2–7 lordosis and segmental lordosis, but also C0–2 lordosis and C2–7 SVA improved at the final follow-up after VBSO. VBSO improves segmental cervical lordosis markedly through multiple ACDFs above and below the VBSO level, and a preserved vertebral body may provide more structural support.
Different impacts of plant proteins and animal proteins on human health through altering gut microbiotaant proteins and animal proteins on human health through altering gut microbiota
Authors: Xu Baojun , Christudas Sunil , Devi Devaraj Ramya
Published: May 2020

Dietary proteins exert a wide range of nutritional and biological functions. Apart from their nutritional roles as the source of amino acids for protein synthesis, they take part mainly in the regulation of food intake, blood pressure, bone metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune functions. The interaction of dietary proteins with the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a chief role in determining the physiological properties of proteins. The enzymes protease and peptidase hydrolyze dietary protein to generate dipeptides, tripeptides, and amino acids in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These products digested from dietary proteins are utilized in the small intestine by microbes. Moreover, the microbes also convert the macro and micronutrients from the diet into an enormous number of compounds that may have either beneficial or adverse effects on human health. The present review discusses the various impacts caused by both dietary plant and animal protein sources on microbiota in the GI tract.Keywords: Animal protein; Plant protein; Dietary proteins; Gut microbiota; Human health.
Usefulness of whole blood viscosity estimated by de Simeone’s formula to predict left ventricular thrombus formation within one year following acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Çırakoğlu Ömer Faruk , Aslan Ahmet Oguz , Yilmaz Ahmet Seyda , Kul Selim , Dursun İhsan
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Despite improvements in treatment of ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI), thrombus formation in the left ventricle is still a concerning complication that may lead to systemic thromboembolism and stroke.

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the predictive value of estimated whole blood viscosity (WBV) for left ventricular thrombus development in patients surviving an acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI).

MATERIALS \& METHODS:

Seven hundred eighty AAMI patients who were treated percutaneously were enrolled consecutively. Serial echocardiographic examinations were performed within 24h of admission, before hospital discharge, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following hospital discharge. WBV was calculated according to de Simones formula.

RESULTS:

One hundred patients (12.8%) developed thrombus formation within one year following AAMI. Patients with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) had significantly higher WBV values. Supramedian values of WBV at both low (0.5 sec−1) and high (208 sec−1) shear rates were found to be an independent predictor of LVT development.

CONCLUSION:

As an easily accessible parameter, WBV might be a useful predictor of LVT formation within one year following acute anterior myocardial infarction.
The Urinary Microbiome and Bladder Cancer: Susceptibility and Immune Responsiveness
Authors: Andolfi Ciro , Bloodworth Jeffrey C. , Papachristos Apostolos , Sweis Randy F.
Published: May 2020

Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease worldwide and is associated with a high mortality rate. Across all stages of bladder cancer, immunotherapy has now become the cornerstone of treatment. The commensal microbiome has become a major focus of research given its impact on numerous states of human health and disease. Many links between commensal microbes and immune function have been reported. Recently a commensal urinary microbiome has been identified and characterized in healthy individuals by several research groups. The urinary microbiome is now emerging as an important factor influencing bladder cancer development and therapeutic responsiveness. In this report, we identify findings from important clinical and mechanistic studies on the urinary microbiome and future opportunities to impact prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
Validation of the Correlation Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs307826 in VEGFR3 and Outcome in Metastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sunitinib
Authors: Beuselinck Benoit , Van Brussel Thomas , Verbiest Annelies , Vanmechelen Maxime , Couchy Gabrielle , Oudard Stéphane , Elaïdi Reza , Roussel Eduard , Albersen Maarten , Debruyne Philip , Baldewijns Marcella , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Richard Vincent , Verschaeve Vincent , Wolter Pascal , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Laguerre Brigitte , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Lambrechts Diether
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Previously, we have shown a correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs307826 in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) and outcome in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (m-ccRCC) patients treated with sunitinib.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to validate this finding in an independent patient series.

METHODS:

m-ccRCC patients receiving sunitinib as first-line targeted therapy were included in a validation cohort. Endpoints were response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also updated survival data of our discovery cohort as described previously.

RESULTS:

Eighty-four patients were included in the validation cohort. rs307826 AG/GG-carriers had a shorter PFS (8 versus 12 months, p = 0.04) and a trend towards a shorter OS (18 versus 27 months, p = 0.22) compared to AA-carriers. In the total series of 168 patients (from the discovery cohort, as described previously, and the validation cohort), rs307826 AG/GG-carriers had a poorer RR (29% versus 53%, p = 0.008), PFS (8 versus 15 months, p = 0.0002) and OS (22 versus 31 months, p = 0.004) compared to AA-carriers. rs307826 was independently associated with PFS and OS on multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION:

VEGFR3 rs307826 seems to be associated with outcome on sunitinib in m-ccRCC. Its impact highlights the role of VEGFR3 in ccRCC pathogenesis and as a target of sunitinib.
Association between dietary intake and nutritional status in Eastern Mediterranean patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Markaki Anastasia , Psylinakis Emmanuel , Theodoridis Xenophon , Dimitropoulakis Petros , Charonitaki Aikaterini , Spyridaki Aspasia
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:

Studies on hemodialysis (HD) patients reveal suboptimal dietary intakes, which have been linked to protein-energy wasting and its detrimental consequences.

OBJECTIVE:

Given the paucity of data regarding nutrient intakes of Eastern Mediterranean HD patients, we conducted a pilot study on HD patients at Heraklion, Crete, Greece to assess adequacy of dietary intakes and to determine their relationship with nutritional status.

METHODS:

Nutritional status of 36 patients aged 61.8±15.0 years was evaluated by three 24-hour dietary recalls, anthropometry and blood biochemical markers.

RESULTS:

The mean dietary energy and protein intakes were 34.4±2.1 kcal/kg and 1.25±0.067 g/kg, respectively. The anthropometric results were indicative of a well-maintained somatic status. 30.6% of the patients had adequate weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and 69.4% were overweight or obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2). Patients had arm anthropometrics higher than the 25th percentile. Mean predialysis serum levels of urea and creatinine, were within the expected range, phosphorus was borderline high, while albumin and cholesterol were at the optimum level for HD patients. In univariate linear regression, a positive relation was observed between ideal weight-adjusted energy (wEI) and protein (wPI) intakes with anthropometric and biochemical indices. However, in the multivariate model, only the associations between dietary intakes of energy and protein with anthropometric indices remained significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

24-hour derived-dietary intakes reached recommended targets and adequately reflected the nutritional status of the patients, according to anthropometric and biochemical indices. Additionally, the 24-hour recall method should be part of the routine care for HD patients, in order to identify patients at nutritional risk before objective parameters of wasting are documented.
Management of the mother-infant dyad with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly epidemic context
Authors: Pietrasanta C. , Pugni L. , Ronchi A. , Schena F. , Davanzo R. , Gargantini G. , Ferrazzi E. , Mosca F.
Published: May 2020

In the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the hospital management of mother-infant pairs poses to obstetricians and neonatologists previously unmet challenges. In Lombardy, Northern Italy, 59 maternity wards networked to organise the medical assistance of mothers and neonates with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six “COVID-19 maternity centres” were identified, the architecture and activity of obstetric and neonatal wards of each centre was reorganised, and common assistance protocols for the management of suspected and proven cases were formulated. Here, we present the key features of this reorganization effort, and our current management of the mother-infant dyad before and after birth, including our approach to rooming-in practice, breastfeeding and neonatal follow-up, based on the currently available scientific evidence. Considered the rapid diffusion of COVID-19 all over the world, we believe that preparedness is fundamental to assist mother-infant dyads, minimising the risk of propagation of the infection through maternity and neonatal wards.
Comparison of central, peripheral, and weighted size-specific dose in CT
Authors: Anam Choirul , Adhianto Dwi , Sutanto Heri , Adi Kusworo , Ali Mohd Hanafi , Rae William Ian Duncombe , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Dougherty Geoff
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study is to determine X-ray dose distribution and the correlation between central, peripheral and weighted-centre peripheral doses for various phantom sizes and tube voltages in computed tomography (CT). We used phantoms developed in-house, with various water-equivalent diameters (Dw) from 8.5 up to 42.1 cm. The phantoms have one hole in the centre and four holes at the periphery. By using these five holes, it is possible to measure the size-specific central dose (Ds,c), peripheral dose (Ds,p), and weighted dose (Ds,w).The phantoms are scanned using a CT scanner (Siemens Somatom Definition AS), with the tube voltage varied from 80 up to 140 kVps. The doses are measured using a pencil ionization chamber (Ray safe X2 CT Sensor) in every hole for all phantoms. The relationships between Ds,c, Ds,p, and Ds,w, and the water-equivalent diameter are established. The size-conversion factors are calculated. Comparisons between Ds,c, Ds,p, and Ds,ware also established. We observe that the dose is relatively homogeneous over the phantom for water-equivalent diameters of 12–14 cm. For water-equivalent diameters less than 12 cm, the dose in the centre is higher than at the periphery, whereas for water-equivalent diameters greater than 14 cm, the dose at the centre is lower than that at the periphery. We also find that the distribution of the doses is influenced by the tube voltage. These dose distributions may be useful for calculating organ doses for specific patients using their CT images in future clinical practice.
Seis desafíos para la cooperación al desarrollo
Authors: Linard André
Published: May 2020

.
las nuevas condiciones de la solidaridad
Authors: Zubero Beaskoetxea Imanol
Published: May 2020

.
La reforma del mercado de trabajo y el nuevo marco jurídico-laboral
Authors: Olarte Encabo Sofía
Published: May 2020

.
"De cara al tercer milenio: lecciones y desafíos" (Recensión)
Authors: Rul-lán Buades Gaspar
Published: May 2020

.
"Seperliderazgo" (Recensión)
Authors: Ariza Montes José Antonio
Published: May 2020

.
La ONU, lo económico y lo social
Authors: Linard André
Published: May 2020

.
Problemática social de la basura urbana
Authors: López Caballero Alfonso
Published: May 2020

.
Pharmacognostic Study of Sangkareho Root (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) from Pelaihari, South Kalimantan
Authors: Fitriyanti Fitriyanti , Yusmalina Yusmalina , Muthia Rahmi
Published: May 2020

Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is used traditionally by one of Kalimantan's indigenous tribes, the Dayak Tunjung tribe as a medicine for colds and inflammation, where the plant parts used are the roots. Considering its very potential prospects, research aimed at providing a scientific basis for plant pharmacognostic data needs to be carried out with qualitative methods. The qualitative examination is done by several methods including test identification of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical compounds. Organoleptic test results showed that the roots have a light brown color, bitter and slightly spicy, and a rather pungent odor. Microscopic test results showed sangkareho root has a length of � 90 cm; width of � 1 cm; and for the form of a spear with a ride root system. Microscopic observations are found in the form of epidermal cells, exodermis, cortex, endodermis, bearing files, calcium oxalate crystals, and stone cells. The identification of chemical compounds showed positive results against alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography profile shows four separate stains with eluent ethyl acetate : methanol : water in a ratio of 8 : 2 : 1, respectively.
Level of Cytokine Interleukin-6 and Interleukin 1-� on Infectious Rat Model Treated with Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith Fruit Extract as Immunomodulator
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Malik Fadhliyah , Yusuf Muhammad Ilyas , Salma Wa Ode , Hamsidi Rini , Talebong Fredy , Yuliansyah Yuliansyah , Purnama La Ode Muhammad Julian , Saripuddin Saripuddin , Sahidin Sahidin
Published: May 2020

Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M Smith or locally in Southeast Sulawesi known as Wualae fruit has activity as an immunomodulator by increasing phagocytosis activity. Prior studies have been conducted to observe the effect of E. elatior as an immunomodulator, thus further study is needed to observe the production of cytokines such as IL-1� and IL-6 which are responsible for the immune responses. Etlingera elatior fruit macerated with 96% ethanol for three days and produced a total of �74.6 g concentrated extract. Experimental animals used were divided into four groups (n=4) and treated orally once a day for seven days as follows: group I (0.5% Na CMC); group II (Stimuno�); group III (E. elatior fruit extract dose of 300 mg/kg BW); and group IV (E. elatior fruit extract dose of 400 mg/kg BW). On the eight-day, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally and left for an hour. Thereafter, blood was collected and assayed using ELISA Kit (Elabscience rat IL-1� and Elabscience rat IL-6). Results demonstrated that group IV increased levels of IL-1� and group III and IV increased level of IL-6 (p<0.05). Increased levels of IL-1� and IL-6 are associated with phagocytosis in the immune response. In conclusion, E. elatior fruit extract at doses of 300 and 400 mg/kg BW increases levels of IL-1� and IL-6.
Antioxidant Properties of Pyrus communis and Pyrus pyrifolia Peel Extracts
Authors: Patricia Vinda Maharani , Syaputri Fauzia Ningrum , Tugon Titian Daru Asmara , Mardhatillah Athina
Published: May 2020

With the rise of global health awareness by embracing a healthy lifestyle and natural product consumption, the search for natural antioxidant sources has invited more research performed especially in fruits as a whole product or in its components, especially the ones that are usually discarded/not the mainly consumed component. Pyrus communis and Pyrus pyrifolia are two of the most popular species of pear fruits consumed in the world, and while there exist several studies about the antioxidant potential of its flesh, specific studies about the antioxidant properties of their peels are still lacking. To achieve an understanding of antioxidant properties of peel extract of P. communis and P. pyrifolia, several tests have been performed in controlled laboratory conditions to gauge phenolic and flavonoid contents through three different extraction measurements. This research has shown that peel extracts of both P. communis and P. pyrifolia contain natural antioxidants that are beneficial for health, with P. communis extracted with methanol having a higher concentration of antioxidant contents compared to P. pyrifolia.
La efectividad puesta a prueba. Funciones y limitaciones de la videovigilancia del espacio público
Authors: Lio Vanesa
Published: May 2020

La videovigilancia urbana creció exponencialmente en Argentina en los últimos diez años como resultado de la articulación de dos procesos simultáneos: un afianzamiento de políticas orientadas a la prevención situacional del delito y la incorporación de los municipios como actores relevantes en el gobierno de la seguridad. El creciente número de cámaras de seguridad y la disponibilidad de grabaciones de video en la vía pública ha generado debates y controversias en torno a los usos potenciales de estas tecnologías, su efectividad en la reducción del delito y los riesgos para la privacidad. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación empírica sobre el uso de la videovigilancia en un municipio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Desde una perspectiva socio-técnica, se indaga en los modos en que las tecnologías interactúan con los actores humanos delineando posibilidades y límites en los usos y funciones de estos sistemas de monitoreo urbano.
Uso de extracto de romero y ácido ascórbico en la conservación refrigerada de carne de cerdo
Authors: Perlo Flavia Maria , Fabre Romina , Bonato Patricia , Jenko Carolina , Tisocco Osvaldo , Teira Gustavo
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del extracto de romero, del ácido ascórbico y de una combinación de ambos (todos ellos adicionados por aspersión) durante la comercialización de carne de cerdo conservada a 4ºC y envasada en bandejas plásticas cubiertas con film de PVC (cloruro de polivinilo) o bajo vacío. Durante el almacenamiento se evaluó el pH, color, índice de rojez, oxidación de lípidos, recuento total de aerobios mesófilos, mermas por goteo, aroma a carne en mal estado y aromas no característicos. Los resultados sugieren que, independientemente del sistema de envasado (bandejas con film de PVC o vacío), la aplicación por aspersión sobre la superficie de extracto de romero dio como resultado una disminución de la oxidación lipídica, sin afectar otras características de calidad. El ácido ascórbico no mostró un efecto antioxidante.
Análisis de polimorfismos en los genes SOX6 y Ryr1 y su relación con la calidad de carne de cerdo
Authors: Rodríguez Viviana Rita , Maffioly Joaquín Ignacio , Martínez Florencia Maria Antonella , Jenko Carolina , Fabre Romina , Lagadari Mariana
Published: May 2020

Se estudió la incidencia de polimorfismos de los genes Ryr1 y SOX6 en una población porcina del noreste entrerriano. Ambos genes están relacionados con la calidad de carne, Ryr1 es responsable del síndrome de estrés porcino y carnes PSE, mientras que SOX6 es un factor de transcripción importante en la diferenciación de fibras musculares. Se analizó el efecto de dos SNPs de SOX6 y uno de Ryr1 con respecto a los atributos de calidad. Los resultados mostraron que el pH y la CRA se vieron influenciados significativamente con SOX6a mientras que SOX6b solo se vinculó con el pH. La implementación de este tipo de estrategias contribuye al crecimiento de la industria porcina y a responder a las exigencias de los consumidores. Este trabajo sugiere que la selección de genotipos portadores de alelos C para Ryr1, A para SOX6a y C para SOX6b podría mejorar la producción de carne fresca de buena calidad.
Beach restoration improves habitat quality for American horseshoe crabs and shorebirds in the Delaware Bay, USA
Authors: Smith JAM , Niles LJ , Hafner S , Modjeski A , Dillingham T
Published: May 2020

Beach nourishment is commonly conducted to protect human infrastructure but rarely for the primary purpose of improving wildlife habitat. To improve horseshoe crab spawning and shorebird feeding habitat in the Delaware Bay, New Jersey (USA), we removed 2000 t of shoreline rubble and placed sand on 16 ha of degraded shoreline spanning 8 beaches. Horseshoe crab egg cluster abundance varied annually, seasonally and spatially. Beaches restored using sand with grain size fractions similar to native sand had horseshoe crab egg cluster abundances matching or exceeding those of high-quality reference beaches. Deeper sand with a higher coarse-grain fraction resulted in the highest egg cluster abundance across all sites and beaches, while finer-grained sand used on a subset of restored beaches was associated with lower egg cluster abundances. These patterns were also reflected in shallow egg availability for shorebirds, with egg cluster abundance correlating positively with shallow egg abundance. Over time, sand placed on beaches moved cross-shore and longshore, and overwashed into marshes. Longshore sand movement nourished adjacent beaches and ebb shoals at creek mouths. Such shoals attract spawning horseshoe crabs and have high densities of surface eggs available for shorebird feeding, but experience high attrition of egg clusters. This study demonstrates that investments in beach restoration provide important benefits for horseshoe crabs and shorebirds. Outcomes can be further improved by expanding project scope and integrating other coastal restoration strategies. Restoration will be critical for the conservation of coastal species as sea levels rise and current and past coastal management practices continue to degrade habitats.
Az ELEKTRONIKUS JEGYÉRTÉKESÍTÉS REGIONÁLIS KIHÍVÁSAI A MAGYAR VASÚTNÁL
Authors: ERDEI Attila
Published: May 2020

Az internet elterjedésével, a kibertér tágulásával egyre fontosabb szerepet kap a javak és szolgáltatások elektronikus kereskedelme. Ebből a folyamatból a közösségi közlekedés sem maradhatott ki, mivel a szolgáltatók, akik időben ismerték fel a rendszer előnyeit, illetve megfelelő időben és módon alkalmazták azt, hatalmas előnyhöz juthattak versenytársaikkal szemben. Az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban az 1980-as évek elejétől vezették be először a légitársaságok az elektronikus kereskedelmi megoldásokat, mivel a verseny olyan erős volt, hogy a piaci szereplőknek minden eszközt meg kellett ragadniuk, hogy előnyhöz jussanak. Napjainkra a légitársaságok jegyeladásainak döntő többsége elektronikus úton történik. A vasúti közlekedésben is megjelentek az e-jegyek, amelyek európai elterjedésének kezdete a 2000-es évek elejére tehető. A vasút esetében új módszereket kellett kidolgozni, elsősorban az eltérő utazási szokások, a nyitott elérés stb. miatt. Természetesen ebben az esetben is legelőször a tőkeerős és nagy utasforgalmat lebonyolító vasúttársaságoknál, mint például a Deutsche Bahn-nál (DB), a Schweizerische Bundesbahnen-nál (SBB), illetve a Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français-nál (SNCF) vezették be. A magyar vasúti közlekedésben pár éves késéssel kezdték el alkalmazni az elektronikus kereskedelmi lehetőségeket. Ma már a jegyek és bérletek kevesebb, mint 60%-át értékesítik jegypénztárakban. 2018-as statisztikai adatok szerint egyre növekszik az alternatív (automata, internet, Vonatinfo) módon értékesített jegyek, bérletek száma. Tanulmányomban célom vizsgálni az elektronikus jegyértékesítő rendszer bevezetésének kihívásait és alkalmazásának tapasztalatait a MÁV-START Zrt-nél. Vizsgálatom során jellemzően szekunder adatokat, külföldi tudományos eredményeket, valamint a vállalat belső adatait használom fel.
Dış Ticaret Liberalizasyonunun İşsizlik Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ÇİRKİN BÜYÜKDENİZ Zeynep , GÖKSEL Türkmen
Published: May 2020

İşsizlik pek çok ekonominin ortak problemi olsa da geleneksel ticaret teorisi tam istihdam, esnek ücretler ve sektörler arası faktör mobilitesinin tam esnek olması gibi basitleştirici varsayımlara dayandığı için ekonomistler genellikle dış ticaretin işsizlik üzerindeki etkisini ihmâl eden modeller üzerinde çalışmışlardır. Küreselleşme sürecinin de etkisiyle artan dış ticaretin istihdam yaratıcı ve/veya yok edici etkisi geleneksel ticaret teorilerinin dayandığı bu varsayımlar nedeniyle irdelenememektedir. Bu çalışmada Krugman Modeli (1980) eksik istihdam ve etkin ücreti varsayımları ile yeniden modellenerek işsizlik içsel olarak hesaplanmıştır. Modelde işçinin verimliliği firmanın seçtiği ücret düzeyine, denge ücret düzeyine, gelir vergisi düzeyine, dış ticaretin yarattığı rekabet faktörünün olumsuz etkisine ve yine dış ticaretin ortaya çıkardığı pazar genişlemesinin yarattığı olumlu etkiye bağlıdır. Fakat liberalleşmenin işsizlik seviyesi üzerindeki net etkisi belirsizdir. Bu etkinin yönü rekabetin yarattığı olumsuz etkiden ve pazar genişlemesinin yarattığı olumlu etkiden hangisinin baskın olduğuna göre değişiklik gösterecektir.
Translation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire
Authors: Abbasi Saadiya , Kamal Anila , Masood Sobia
Published: May 2020

The present study was conducted to translate the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24; Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) Urdu language and to establish the construct validity of the translated version. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, Urdu version of PCQ-24 was obtained after the forward and back translations as per the guidelines suggested by Brislin (1970). In the second phase, the Urdu version of PCQ-24 was validated which measures the construct of psychological capital. The sample comprised of 380 small business entrepreneurs (Men = 270, women = 110), taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad with age range of 18 to 50 years. For this instrument, two concurrent models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis; the first model analyzed was for a four-factor structure. In this model, four subscales of PCQ-24 including Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism were taken as interrelated factors. While, the second model was a hierarchical model in which four subscales were loaded onto a latent factor of PsyCap. Results established that the four-factor structure of PsyCap showed better fit than the higher-order factor structure. Furthermore, PCQ-24 showed adequate construct validity and reliability after excluding three problematic items (i.e., no. 13, 20, & 23) which were found to cause poor model-fit and lower the reliabilities. Overall, the findings show that newly translated Urdu version of PCQ-24 is a reliable and a valid measure in Pakistani context.
Development of Attitude Towards Obesity Scale and Obesity Myths Scale
Authors: Kanwal Summaiya , Naqvi Irum
Published: May 2020

Present study aimed to develop and validate the Attitude toward Obesity Scale and Obesity Myths Scale through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and resulting factor structure was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sample of EFA comprised of adults (N = 300) including men (n = 144) and women (n = 156) with the age range of 18 to 36 years (M = 21.53, SD = 2.65). A factor loading of .35 was set as selection criteria for an item in the scale. Using oblique rotation method, EFA presented two meaningful factors for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and for Obesity Myths Scale. Attitude Toward Obesity Scale revealed two factors named as Lifestyle of Obese (7 items) and Qualities and Characteristics of Obese (7 items). Similarly, for Obesity Myths Scale, two factors named as Weight Control Myths (5 items) and Negative Characterization Myths (5 items) were emerged. For CFA, sample of 430 students including men (n = 180) and women (n = 250) of age range from 19 to 40 years (M = 21.62, SD = 3.13) were taken. CFA confirmed the factor structure of both scales. Alpha reliabilities were ranged from .61 to .67 for Attitude Toward Obesity Scale and from .50 to .57 for Obesity Myths Scale. Overall, both instruments emerged as reliable and valid measures to assess the explicit attitude and myth related to obesity in Pakistani culture.
Goal Orientation, Motivation, and Competitive Anxiety in Players of Domestic Cricket in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Salman , Safdar Faiza
Published: May 2020

The present research was conducted to examine the relationship between goal orientation, motivation, and competitive anxiety in players of domestic cricket in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 105 male domestic cricketers aged between 18 to 35 years (M = 20.02, SD = 2.75). Correlational research design and purposive sampling strategy was used to draw sample from different cricket clubs and academies in Lahore and the permission to collect data was taken from the authorities of Pakistan Cricket Board. Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992), Sport Motivation Scale-II (Pelletier, Rocchi, Vallerand, Deci, & Ryan, 2013), Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, & Grossbard, 2006), Beliefs About the Causes of Sport Success Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992) and Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport (Stober, Otto, & Stoll, 2006) were administered to the participants. Pearson product moment correlation revealed that ego orientation was positively correlated with external regulation, whereas task orientation was positively correlated with intrinsic regulation. Also, intrinsic regulation was negatively correlated with competitive anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that intrinsic regulation was a negative predictor of competitive anxiety and somatic anxiety after controlling the effects of perfectionism and beliefs about success.
Bereavement, Post-traumatic Growth, and the Role of Cognitive Processes: Study of Bereaved Parents and Spouses in Baluchistan, Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Uddin Agha Syed , ul-Haque Anis
Published: May 2020

Present study investigated the relationship between bereavement and post-traumatic growth and mediating role of cognitive processes. Sample of 260 bereaved parents and spouses was drawn from the province of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Urdu versions of Core Bereavement Items scale (Burnett, Middleton, Raphael, & Martinek, 1997), Integration of Stressful Life Events Scale (Holland, Currier, Coleman, & Neimeyer, 2010), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-SF (Cann et al., 2010) were completed by the bereaved parents and spouses individually. Pearson correlation was checked for direction and strength of relationship between the study variables. Results indicated high alpha reliability and validity for the Urdu version scales. The findings showed an inverse relationship between bereavement and post-traumatic growth. Results also revealed that cognitive processes significantly mediate between bereavement and post-traumatic growth relationship. Results showed significant group differences in bereavement experience intensity and post-traumatic experience based on gender of the bereaved and the gender of the deceased. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future researches are also presented in the discussion.
Índices financieros, la clave de la finanza administrativa aplicada a una empresa manufacturera.
Authors: Carchi Arias Kenia Lizzeth , Crespo García Marjorie Katherine , González Malla Susana Emperatriz , Romero Romero Eddy Javier
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el análisis financiero de la empresa ecuatoriana COLINEAL CORPORATION CIA LTDA, a través de la aplicación de indicadores financieros de liquidez, rentabilidad, endeudamiento y generación de valor, que permita mejorar la toma de decisiones en la gestión de operación, inversión y financiamiento. Así mismo, para cumplir con lo propuesto se empleó una metodología con enfoque mixto, argumentada con teorías de autores sobre los temas financieros, la investigación es tipo explicativa-longitudinal debido al análisis comparativo de los estados financieros que se obtiene de la superintendencia de compañía de valores y seguros, contrastando con el comportamiento del entorno macroeconómico cambiante a los que se expone el sector manufacturero del Ecuador, incidiendo en el rendimiento financiero de las empresas. Como resultado del comportamiento financiero es evaluar la generación de valor que permita la creación de ventajas competitivas para una administración financiera eficiente, que impacta en el crecimiento futuro de la empresa.
Las certificaciones como estrategia para la competitividad de las empresas exportadoras
Authors: Mora-Córdova Darianny Estefanía , Lituma-Loja Arleth Abigail , González-Illescas Mayiya Lisbeth
Published: May 2020

Las continuas transformaciones de las condiciones de los mercados internacionales representan para las empresas un desafío permanente, poniendo a prueba su capacidad de respuesta y adaptación a los nuevos escenarios. Ante la premisa de cumplir con las exigentes normativas y brindar confianza a los consumidores, las empresas exportadoras han adoptado las certificaciones de distinta índole, como estrategia para defender su sostenibilidad en mercados de cambios acelerados. Este trabajo se plantea como objetivo analizar las certificaciones de mayor contribución a la competitividad de las empresas exportadoras ecuatorianas. El análisis se enfoca en cinco productos del sector agropecuario. Se ha utilizado el método teórico analítico-sintético, además de la revisión bibliográfica de artículos de revistas científicas y documentos de organismos oficiales. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que las certificaciones más utilizadas son aquellas relacionadas al ámbito de la calidad, la seguridad alimentaria, la producción orgánica y la responsabilidad social, como forma de asegurar sus procesos y proyectar valor en los mercados altamente competitivos.
Capacidades de innovación en los emprendedores turísticos: Un enfoque de género
Authors: Manosalvas Vaca Luis Oswaldo , Manosalvas Vaca Carlos Aníbal , Solís Morejón Viviana Catalina , Pesantez Quintanilla Johana Karen
Published: May 2020

El afán de crear nuevos y mejores productos/servicios a través de ideas y procesos innovadores se ha incrementado en los últimos años, desarrollando capacidades en una persona para mejorar su situación en el ámbito emprendedor y permanecer dentro del mercado sobresaliendo de entre otros negocios. En esta investigación se pretende analizar las capacidades de innovación de los emprendedores turísticos, la muestra fue desarrollada en la región Amazónica del Ecuador, específicamente en la Provincia de Pastaza, el objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias en el género en lo que respecta a capacidades de innovación, la investigación se desarrolló a través de una metodología cuantitativa mediante un paradigma deductivo, el tipo de investigación fue documental y de campo, método no experimental, transversal y descriptivo, el instrumento de medición fue sometido a un análisis de “Confiabilidad de Cronbach” y se realizó una prueba “t” de student para estimar una diferencia significativa entre las medias de dos grupos (femenino y masculino). Los resultados muestran una demografía con una población adulta con predominancia del género femenino, también, se obtuvieron datos positivos en relación a la capacidad de innovación donde los emprendedores tienen habilidades para emprender y manejar con ingenio diversas situaciones, se identificó que no existe diferencia significativa entre los dos géneros de acuerdo a las habilidades que cada uno posee.