bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open access Monographs in the library supply chain
Authors: Stone Graham
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO. Recent European studies have shown that there are a growing number open access monograph publishers, many of which can be described as New University Presses (NUPs) or Academic-Led Publishing (ALP) initiatives, in addition to other small open access presses. The majority of these presses publish open access e-books and also print-on-demand copies for sale. Key studies have shown a positive impact on the usage and discovery of open access books. Despite this evidence, NUPs, ALPs and open access presses in general, have difficulty in accessing the library supply chain - the channels that library acquisition departments use to buy print and e-book content via approved library suppliers, such as Dawson, Askews, ProQuest and EBSCO. This was evidenced in a 2017 landscape report from Jisc, Changing publishing ecologies: A landscape study of new university presses and academic-led publishing. As part of the ALP interviews for the study Rupert Gatti of Open Book Publishers noted that it would be helpful to have a service that “looks at how to bring academic content into the catalogues and the digital learning environments of the universities and to allow universities to also relate back to the publisher, so that there is a flow of information going back both ways”.As such, the Jisc report made a number of recommendations, including best practice in metadata and support with distribution/dissemination. In order to take these recommendations further, Jisc held a community workshop in July 2018 to surface issues with key stakeholders for the following problem statement:“OA publishers have difficulty accessing the channels that library acquisition departments use to buy print and e-book content”.The workshop brought together experts from NUPs, ALPs, book suppliers and distributors, metadata suppliers, libraries and other experts in OA publishing to discuss the above statement. The core aim of the workshop was to allow the experts to share their experiences and knowledge in order to get a better understanding of the supply chain and to gain insight into the problem statement. These discussions highlighted four key areas, which the group agreed needed further development. These have been captured as a set of recommendations and suggestions for best practice.This paper will introduce the ideas behind the workshop, before detailing the outcomes of the discussion sessions, which featured four round table sessions led by a NUP, an ALP, a book supplier and a library. Finally the paper will outline the four areas surfaced in the roundtable sessions. These included two practical areas, the library supply chain and metadata and two aspirational areas, cultural change in the acquisition process and new forms of content.
Consistency of publication types and costs among Croatian Social Sciences journals
Authors: Stojanovski Jadranka
Published: November 2018

This study provides an analysis of Croatian scholarly open access journals and funding scheme. It presents an integrated approach to the general journal properties, types of publications and applied business model, looking at (1) criteria for funding, (2) structure and frequency of different publication types, and (3) the price per peer-reviewed paper. It is based on an analysis of 60 journals from the field of social sciences funded by the Croatian Ministry of Science and Education and included in the repository of Croatian open access journals HRČAK. For each journal information on the title, ISSN (print and online), field, discipline and branch, publisher, DOI, frequency, publication formats, and funding received in 2017 were collected.There are six peer-reviewed publication types (original scientific paper, short communication, preliminary communication, review article, professional paper, conference paper) and 14 additional, non-peer-reviewed publication types (meeting abstract, editorial, curriculum vitae, essay, bibliography, news, reminiscence, obituary, book review, letter to the editor, erratum, acknowledgement, index, other) available on HRČAK to be assigned to each paper. According to HRČAK categorization the attribute „type of publication“ was assigned to each of 8262 papers published during the years 2013-2017. The consistency of the type of publication was checked in different sources (PDF, journal website, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection). The data was collected in July 2018.Each journal eligible for funding is required to satisfy a set of necessary conditions (peer-review, open access and availability on HRČAK, indexing in international bibliographic databases, the proportion of articles in which at least one author is from Croatia, editorial processes according to international standards, regularity in publishing). All eligible journals are evaluated every year by criteria grouped as general criteria, indexing and citations, peer-review and editorial work.Our findings revealed the consistency in most common publication types: original scientific paper and review article. Analysis of other types of publications, peer-reviewed, and non-peer-reviewed, revealed inconsistency across various sources. Publication type is an essential part of the research assessment criteria, and more consistency is needed at international level. Average price for peer-reviewed papers in 2017 was 445 EUR ranged from 1213 EUR to 162 EUR per paper.
Xtra-Pure
Authors: De Vries Mark Leon
Published: November 2018

The Poster will outline the VU library workflow for Xtra-Pure, an internally developed database for enriching data in our PURE CRIS.
Making sense across levels in local school governance
Authors: Henriksen Øyvind
Published: November 2018

Dialogues and relations between interdependent leaders working at different hierarchical levels within a given school governance system are crucial for developing shared understandings which are seen as a prerequisite for effective school development. Shared understandings among interdependent actors emerge from productive and dialogical sensemaking processes. The current study provides insight into how sensemaking plays out in dialogue meetings set up by a school superintendent and a team of subordinated school leaders, initiated at the purpose of establishing and maintaining a shared interpretation community working with important areas of pedagogy and schooling. Drawing on action research with observations, reflective conversations, and reflection notes from five key participants in the local school system, and framed within a theory of sensemaking, this issue is addressed by demonstrating how dialogue meetings strengthen the relations between a superintendent and school leadership teams. In such a context of asymmetrical power relations, the current study argues that sensemaking constitutes the pivotal activity in dialogue meetings when ensuring productive relations and bridging the gap between municipalities (as school districts) and schools. In the dialogue meetings subjected to the study, steps were taken towards shared understanding, and the involved leaders set the tone in this process by acting as role models, as facilitators of creating space for reflection.
Making Sense of Assignment
Authors: Augustinsson Sören , Ericsson Ulf , Nilsson Henrik
Published: November 2018

The primary aim of this paper is to narrow down the description of how school leaders interpret the assign-ment (the task) and identify the markers for how they look upon the conditions of doing a good job in Sweden. The aim is in the context of practice-based and process-oriented research. We use complexity and complexity theories to frame the emerging practice of leading and organizing. This is in contrast to techno-cratic homogenization—that is, law texts, steering documents, documentation, standardized methods, plan-ning, and ceremonies. A questionnaire was conducted with three open questions (n=363 out of a possible 548 participants) and four focus groups (n=21). Complexity, dilemmas, and inconsistency emerge in the respondents’ answers the closer they are to everyday action. The results show that complexity theories put focus on a conflict between the image of schools as complicated and complex. Complicated is accompanied by generalizing and weak contextualizing of control systems, standardized methods, planning, law texts, and evidence-based education—that is, the concept of technocratic homogenization. Complexity theories emphasize the life in organizations, everyday practice as leaders, and a conflict between weak and robust contextualizing from the perspective as practice-based and process-oriented research.
Committing to School Development
Authors: Ottesen Eli
Published: November 2018

School leaders are faced with an unprecedented growth in school data accompanied by expectations that they use this data to improve their institutions. Current technologies enable complex processes of unifying and analysing data in personalised and accessible formats. This study investigates a tool developed by the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training called the Point of View analysis (PoV). The PoV combines outcome-based data on achievement, data from staff surveys about current practices, and the staff’s reflections. A central tenet in Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is that material tools do not just regulate the activities of humans, but have their own agency and form relationships with their human counterparts. This analysis positions the PoV as an actor that may transform, distort, or modify meaning or elements. A content analysis of the PoV instrument is conducted, and interviews with three school principals who have used the tool are analysed. An ANT-inspired analytical approach is used to demonstrate how the PoV tool connects local practices with national policies and discourses in emerging and fluctuating networks. This analysis revealed that powerful policy discourses may be compromised by their entanglement with local and regional concerns.
Specific and reliable detection of Myosin 1C isoform A by RTqPCR in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Saidova Aleena A. , Potashnikova Daria M. , Tvorogova Anna V. , Maly Ivan V. , Hofmann Wilma A. , Vorobjev Ivan A.
Published: November 2018

Background

Prostate cancer (PC) diagnostics and treatment often present a challenging task due to cancer subtype heterogeneity and differential disease progression in patient subgroups. Hence, the critical issue is finding a reliable and sensitive diagnostic and prognostic PC marker, especially for cases of biopsies with low percentages of cancer cells. Isoform A of myosin 1C was shown to be expressed in PC cells and responsible for their invasive properties, however, its feasibility for diagnostic purposes remains to be elucidated.

Methods

To verify the role of myosin 1C isoform A mRNA expression as a putative prostate cancer marker we performed RT qPCR normalized by three reference genes (GAPDH, YWHAZ, HPRT1) on PC3, RWPE-1, LNCaP and 22Rv1 cell lines. Myosin 1C isoform A detection specificity was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, cancer and non-cancer prostate cell lines were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry.

Results

Median normalized mRNA expression level of myosin 1C isoform A in PC cells (PC3 and 22Rv1) is two orders of magnitude higher compared to RWPE-1 cells, which functionally correspond to benign prostate cells. Myosin 1C isoform A expression allows PC cell detection even at a dilution ratio of 1:1000 cancer to non-cancer cells. At the protein level, the mean fluorescence intensity of myosin 1C isoform A staining in PC3 nuclei was only twice as high as in RWPE-1, while the immunophenotypes of both cell lines were similar (CD44+/CD90-/CD133-/CD57-/CD24+-).

Conclusions

We report a distinct difference in myosin 1C isoform A mRNA levels in malignant (PC3) and benign (RWPE-1) prostate cell lines and suggest a combination of three reference genes for accurate data normalization. For the first time we provide an immunophenotype comparison of RWPE-1 and PC3 cells and demonstrate that RT qPCR analysis of MYO 1C A using appropriate reference genes is sufficient for PC detection even in low-abundance cancer specimens.
Protein profiling of fine‐needle aspirates reveals subtype‐associated immune signatures and involvement of chemokines in breast cancer
Authors: Franzén Bo , Alexeyenko Andrey , Kamali‐Moghaddam Masood , Hatschek Thomas , Kanter Lena , Ramqvist Torbjörn , Kierkegaard Jonas , Masucci Giuseppe , Auer Gert , Landegren Ulf , Lewensohn Rolf
Published: November 2018

There are increasing demands for informative cancer biomarkers, accessible via minimally invasive procedures, both for initial diagnostics and for follow‐up of personalized cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides ready access to relevant tissue samples; however, the minute amounts of sample require sensitive multiplex molecular analysis to be of clinical biomarker utility. We have applied proximity extension assays (PEA) to analyze 167 proteins inFNAsamples from patients with breast cancer (BC;n = 25) and benign lesions (n = 32). We demonstrate that theFNA BCsamples could be divided into two main clusters, characterized by differences in expression levels of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the proliferation marker Ki67. This clustering corresponded to some extent to establishedBCsubtypes. Our analysis also revealed several proteins whose expression levels differed betweenBCand benign lesions (e.g.,CA9,GZMB,IL‐6,VEGFA,CXCL11,PDL1, andPCD1), as well as several chemokines correlating withERand Ki67 status (e.g.,CCL4,CCL8,CCL20,CXCL8,CXCL9, andCXCL17). Finally, we also identified three signatures that could predict Ki67 status,ERstatus, and tumor grade, respectively, based on a small subset of proteins, which was dominated by chemokines. To our knowledge, expression profiles ofCCL13 in benign lesions andBChave not previously been described but were shown herein to correlate with proliferation (P = 0.00095), suggesting a role in advancedBC. Given the broad functional range of the proteins analyzed, immune‐related proteins were overrepresented among the observed alterations. Our pilot study supports the emerging role of chemokines inBCprogression. Due to the minimally traumatic sampling and clinically important molecular information for therapeutic decisions, this methodology is promising for future immunoscoring and monitoring of treatment efficacy inBC.
Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Drug Response in Dynamic Bioengineered Lung Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Mani Vigneshwaran , Lyu Zhonglin , Kumar Vineet , Ercal Baris , Chen Hong , Malhotra Sanjay V. , Demirci Utkan
Published: November 2018

Tumor microenvironment and the interplay of physical and mechanical forces are key determinants of cancer initiation, progression, and response to drug treatment. However, the impact of tumor microenvironment on cancer progression is poorly understood, in large due to the lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the physical aspects of tumor microenvironment. Herein, a simple, dynamic 3D nonsmall cell lung carcinoma culture using a multichannel microfluidic model platform is developed for evaluating the contribution of flow‐induced hydrodynamic shear stress on epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is found that flow induces changes in cellular morphology and EMT in 2D and 3D when lung cancer A549 cells are cultured on a microfluidic chip under laminar flow for 4–5 days compared to traditional static cultures. The role of dynamic cell culture on chemotherapeutic effects is monitored. Drug response with an existing anti‐cancer drug, e.g., erlotinib and an investigational drug (NSC‐750212), shows distinct cytotoxic effects in flow compared to static cultures, suggesting a potential influence of flow on drug efficacy in 2D and 3D models. The platform demonstrates the ability to create a dynamic microscale tumor model, which could be explored as a tool for early drug screening and treatment monitoring in cancer and other diseases.
An NIR‐II Fluorescence/Dual Bioluminescence Multiplexed Imaging for In Vivo Visualizing the Location, Survival, and Differentiation of Transplanted Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Dehua , Lin Suying , Wang Qianwu , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Ji Rui , Wang Mao , Chen Guangcun , Wang Qiangbin
Published: November 2018

The in vivo distribution, viability, and differentiation capability of transplanted stem cells are vital for the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell–based therapy. Herein, an NIR‐II fluorescence/dual bioluminescence multiplexed imaging method covering the visible and the second near‐infrared window from 400 to 1700 nm is successfully developed for in vivo monitoring the location, survival, and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a calvarial defect mouse model. The exogenous Ag2S quantum dot–based fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window is applied for visualizing the long‐term biodistribution of transplanted hMSCs. Endogenous red firefly luciferase (RFLuc)‐based bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and the collagen type 1 promoter–driven Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)‐based BLI are employed to report the survival and osteogenic differentiation statuses of the transplanted hMSCs. Meanwhile, by integrating the three imaging channels, multiple dynamic biological behaviors of transplanted hMSCs and the promotion effects of immunosuppression and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 on the survival and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted hMSCs are directly observed. The novel multiplexed imaging method can greatly expand the capability for multifunctional analysis of the fates and therapeutic capabilities of the transplanted stem cells, and aid in the improvement of stem cell–based regeneration therapies and their clinical translation.
Ultra‐Narrowband Metamaterial Absorbers for High Spectral Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kang Sungho , Qian Zhenyun , Rajaram Vageeswar , Calisgan Sila Deniz , Alù Andrea , Rinaldi Matteo
Published: November 2018

Metamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) are artificial materials composed of an array of subwavelength structures that manipulate electromagnetic waves to achieve extraordinary light absorption properties. Driven by the advent of the Internet of Things, MPAs are employed in microelectromechanical systems for the development of efficient and miniaturized IR detectors, imagers, and spectrometers, thanks to their lithographically tunable peak absorption, spectral selectivity, and ultrathin thickness. MPAs characterized by high absorptance in narrow spectral bands are particularly desirable for the implementation of high‐resolution IR spectroscopic sensors. Yet, no accurate analytical model is currently available to guide the design of an MPA with ultra‐narrow absorption bandwidth, while meeting all the stringent requirements for spectroscopic sensors. Here, a circuit model capable of accurately predicting spectral responses of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) IR absorbers is reported. The model is experimentally validated in the mid‐wavelength IR spectral range and exploited for the first demonstration of an MIM IR absorber that exhibits performance approaching the predicted physical limits: full‐width at half‐maximum ≈3% and near‐unity absorption (η > 99.7%) at 5.83 µm wavelength, while independent of incident angle and polarization of the impinging IR radiation. These unprecedented absorption properties are key enablers for the development of miniaturized, low‐cost, and high‐resolution spectrometers.
The Role of Weak Molecular Dopants in Enhancing the Performance of Solution‐Processed Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Zou Ye , Chen Wangqiao , Huang Yinjuan , Yao Changjiang , Zhang Qichun
Published: November 2018

Molecular doping is an effective method to enhance the charge carrier density for reducing the contact resistance and improving the charge mobility in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Previous reports mainly focus on the strong dopants with the EAdopant > IEOSC (p‐type) or IEdopant < EAOSC (n‐type) to enable the efficient charge transfer (EA: electron affinity; IE: ionization energy; OSC: organic semiconductor). However, the effects of weak dopants on the OFET performance of OSC are rarely investigated. Thus, in this study, it is demonstrated that two new fluorinated compounds (Tetrafluorophthalonitrile (TFP) and Octafluoronaphthalene (OFN)) can act as weak dopants in thin film of TIPS‐Pentacene (TIPS). Although they exhibit unmatched EAs (3.45 eV for TFP and 3.44 eV for OFN) compared to the IE (5.17 eV) of the host TIPS, they still can fulfill the p‐type doping with the OSC matrix. Systematic structural and electrical characterization reveals the important role of the formed charge‐transfer interaction and the improved crystallinity in enhancing the carrier mobility. The doped poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is also investigated to confirm the universality of the weak dopants. The study should provide a new thought for the exploitation of novel planar soluble weak dopants in OFETs.
The Critical Impact of Material and Process Compatibility on the Active Layer Morphology and Performance of Organic Ternary Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyun , Schaefer Charley , Ma Tingxuan , Zhao Jingbo , Turner Johnathan , Ghasemi Masoud , Constantinou Iordania , So Franky , Yan He , Gadisa Abay , Ade Harald
Published: November 2018

Although ternary solar cells (TSCs) offer a cost‐effective prospect to expand the absorption bandwidth of organic solar cells, only few TSCs have succeeded in surpassing the performance of binary solar cells (BSCs) primarily due to the complicated morphology of the ternary blends. Here, the key factors that create and limit the morphology and performance of the TSCs are elucidated. The origin of morphology formation is explored and the role of kinetic factors is investigated. The results reveal that the morphology of TSC blends considered in this study are characterized with either a single length‐scale or two length‐scale features depending on the composition of the photoactive polymers in the blend. This asymmetric morphology development reveals that TSC blend morphology critically depends on material compatibility and polymer solubility. Most interestingly, the fill factor (FF) of TSCs is found to linearly correlate with the relative standard deviation of the fullerene distribution at small lengths. This is the first time that such a correlation has been shown for ternary systems. The criteria that uniform sized and highly pure amorphous domains are accomplished through the correct kinetic path to obtain a high FF for TSCs are specifically elucidated. The findings provide a critical insight for the precise design and processing of TSCs.
Is there a female disadvantage in child undernutrition in South India?: Exploring gender differences in height in infancy, childhood, and adolescence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Authors: Krishna Aditi , Oh Juhwan , Perkins Jessica M. , Lee Hwa‐Young , Heo Jongho , Lee Jong‐Koo , Subramanian S.V.
Published: November 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender‐based disparities in health and well‐being extend to a female disadvantage in height in infancy, childhood, and adolescence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Methods

Using longitudinal data from the Young Lives study in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India, linear mixed effects and linear regression models examined associations between gender and height and the modifying influences of birth order and older siblings’ gender composition.

Results

In the younger cohort, at 6‐18 months, girls were 0.17‐SDs of height for age z‐scores (HAZ) taller than boys (P = .01). In the same cohort, the girls’ advantage in HAZ was attenuated to 0.02 (P = .58) by 11‐12 years. In the older cohort, the difference in HAZ between girls and boys was 0.04 (P = .61) at the beginning of the study when they were 7‐8 years old; by 18‐19 years of age, the difference had switched, with boys being 0.22‐SD (P = .05) taller. There was no difference by birth order except in the younger cohort in which children with 2 or more siblings experienced height deficits compared with only children at 7‐8 and 11‐12 years. There was no differential effect of gender by birth order nor by the gender composition of siblings.

Conclusion

A female disadvantage in undernutrition, as manifest in differences between girls and boys in HAZ, did not appear until later ages. Identifying how and why gendered disparities in standardized height emerge in late adolescence will help target more resources to improve conditions for girls and women in south India.
Ablepharon and craniosynostosis in a patient with a localized TWIST1 basic domain substitution
Authors: Takenouchi Toshiki , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Sato Hironori , Suzuki Hisato , Uehara Tomoko , Ohsone Yoshiteru , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: November 2018

The TWIST family is a group of highly conserved basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors. In humans, TWIST1 haploinsufficiency causes Saethre–Chotzen syndrome, which is characterized by craniosynostosis. Heterozygous localized TWIST1 and TWIST2 basic domain substitutions exert antimorphic effects to cause Sweeney–Cox syndrome, Barber–Say syndrome, and ablepharon‐macrostomia syndrome, respectively. Sweeney–Cox syndrome, Barber–Say syndrome, and ablepharon‐macrostomia syndrome share the facial features of ablepharon, hypertelorism, underdevelopment of the eyelids, and cheek pads adjacent to the corners of the mouth. Existence of phenotypic overlap between Saethre–Chotzen syndrome and Sweeney–Cox syndrome remains unknown. Herein, we document a male infant with the distinctive facial features of ablepharon, hypertelorism, cheek pads adjacent to the corners of the mouth, and bilateral coronal suture craniosynostosis who had a de novo heterozygous mutation in the basic domain of TWIST1, that is, c.351C>G p.Glu117Asp. The pathogenicity of this variant was supported by in silico and in vivo evidence. Our review showed that Sweeney–Cox syndrome appears to share many characteristics with Barber–Say syndrome and ablepharon‐macrostomia syndrome except for craniosynostosis, which is a cardinal feature of Saethre–Chotzen syndrome. An amino acid substitution from Glu117 to Asp, both of which are the sole members of negatively charged amino acids, resulted in a prototypic Sweeney–Cox syndrome phenotype. This suggests that any amino acid substitutions at Glu117 would likely lead to the Sweeney–Cox syndrome phenotype or lethality. The present observation suggests that a localized TWIST1 basic domain substitution, that is, p.Glu117Asp, in TWIST1 may exert a mild antimorphic effect similar to that of haploinsufficiency, leading to craniosynostosis and ablepharon.
Eintauchen in den Sequenzraum der Thiolacton‐Präzisionspolymere: eine kombinatorische Strategie zur Identifizierung funktionaler Domänen
Authors: Celasun Sensu , Remmler Dario , Schwaar Timm , Weller Michael G. , Du Prez Filip , Börner Hans G.
Published: November 2018

Funktionale Sequenzen, die mit m‐THPC, einem Photosensibilisator der zweiten Generation, spezifisch wechselwirken, werden gezielt aus einer kombinatorischen Thiolacton/Michael‐Oligomer‐Bibliothek selektiert. Die Sequenzierung erfolgt mittels MALDI‐TOF MS/MS und liefert Bindedomänen, die als Teil von Tla/Michael‐PEG‐Konjugaten m‐THPC effektiv binden und solubilisieren. Die Beladungskapazitäten und die Wirkstofffreisetzungskinetiken können dabei durch Variation des Bindesegments justiert werden.
A Z‐Scheme‐Inspired Photobioelectrochemical H2O/O2 Cell with a 1 V Open‐Circuit Voltage Combining Photosystem II and PbS Quantum Dots
Authors: Riedel Marc , Wersig Julia , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Zouni Athina , Lisdat Fred
Published: November 2018

A biohybrid photobioanode mimicking the Z‐scheme has been developed by functional integration of photosystem II (PSII) and PbS quantum dots (QDs) within an inverse opal TiO2 architecture giving rise to a rather negative water oxidation potential of about −0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 1 m KCl at neutral pH. The electrical linkage between both light‐sensitive entities has been established through an Os‐complex‐modified redox polymer (POs), which allows the formation of a multi‐step electron‐transfer chain under illumination starting with the photo‐activated water oxidation at PSII followed by an electron transfer from PSII through POs to the photo‐excited QDs and finally to the TiO2 electrode. The photobioanode was coupled to a novel, transparent, inverse‐opal ATO cathode modified with an O2‐reducing bilirubin oxidase for the construction of a H2O/O2 photobioelectrochemical cell reaching a high open‐circuit voltage of about 1 V under illumination.
Controlled Construction of Cyclic d / l Peptide Nanorods
Authors: Silk Mitchell R. , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Sampson Joanne B. , Scanlon Martin J. , Thompson Philip E. , Chalmers David K.
Published: November 2018

Cyclic d / l peptides (CPs) assemble spontaneously via backbone H‐bonding to form extended nanostructures. These modular materials have great potential as versatile bionanomaterials. However, the useful development of CP nanomaterials requires practical methods to direct and control their assembly. In this work, we present novel, heterogeneous, covalently linked CP tetramers that achieve local control over the CP subunit order and composition through coupling of amino acid side‐chains using copper‐activated azide–alkyne cycloaddition and disulfide bond formation. Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of highly ordered, fibrous nanostructures, while NMR studies showed that these systems have strong intramolecular H‐bonding in solution. The introduction of inter‐CP tethers is expected to enable the development of complex nanomaterials with controllable chemical properties, facilitating the development of precisely functionalized or “decorated” peptide nanostructures.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Coupling of Indoles and 7‐Azabenzonorbornadienes by C−H Activation/Desymmetrization
Authors: Yang Xifa , Zheng Guangfan , Li Xingwei
Published: November 2018

Chiral rhodium(III) cyclopentadienyl catalysts (CpXRhIII) play significant roles in asymmetric arene C−H activation. Rh/Ir‐catalyzed couplings of arenes and strained rings have been well‐studied, but they have been limited to racemic systems. Reported in this work is the CpxRhIII/AgSbF6‐catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrizative C−C coupling of N‐pyrimidylindoles and 7‐azabenzonorbornadienes with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. The role of AgSbF6 has been established by mechanistic studies. AgSbF6 enhances the catalytic activity by suppressing the C3−H activation of the indoles, activation which would otherwise lead to catalytically inactive species.
Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Synthesis of Benzonitrile by Electrochemical Reduction and Photolytic Splitting of Dinitrogen
Authors: Schendzielorz Florian , Finger Markus , Abbenseth Josh , Würtele Christian , Krewald Vera , Schneider Sven
Published: November 2018

Thermal nitrogen fixation relies on strong reductants to overcome the extraordinarily large N−N bond energy. Photochemical strategies that drive N2 fixation are scarcely developed. Here, the synthesis of a dinuclear N2‐bridged complex is presented upon reduction of a rhenium(III) pincer platform. Photochemical splitting into terminal nitride complexes is triggered by visible light. Clean nitrogen transfer with benzoyl chloride to free benzamide and benzonitrile is enabled by cooperative 2 H+/2 e− transfer of the pincer ligand. A three‐step cycle is demonstrated for N2 to nitrile fixation that relies on electrochemical reduction, photochemical N2‐splitting and thermal nitrogen transfer.
Targeting Vacancies in Nitridosilicates: Aliovalent Substitution of M2+ (M=Ca, Sr) by Sc3+ and U3+
Authors: Bielec Philipp , Eisenburger Lucien , Deubner H. Lars , Günther Daniel , Kraus Florian , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2018

Based on the known linking options of their fundamental building unit, that is the SiN4 tetrahedron, nitridosilicates belong to the inorganic compound classes with the greatest structural variability. Although facilitating the discovery of novel Si–N networks, this variability represents a challenge when targeting non‐stoichometric compounds. Meeting this challenge, a strategy for targeted creation of vacancies in highly condensed nitridosilicates by exchanging divalent M2+ for trivalent M3+ using the ion exchange approach is reported. As proof of concept, the first Sc and U nitridosilicates were prepared from α‐Ca2Si5N8 and Sr2Si5N8. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron single‐crystal XRD showed random vacancy distribution in Sc0.2Ca1.7Si5N8, and partial vacancy ordering in U0.5xSr2−0.75xSi5N8 with x≈1.05. The high chemical stability of U nitridosilicates makes them interesting candidates for immobilization of actinides.
Synthesis of (+)‐Darwinolide, a Biofilm‐Penetrating Anti‐MRSA Agent
Authors: Siemon Thomas , Steinhauer Simon , Christmann Mathias
Published: November 2018

Darwinolide, a recently identified marine natural product from the Antarctic sponge Dendrilla membranosa, was previously shown to exhibit promising activity against the biofilm phase of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its challenging tetracyclic rearranged spongian diterpenoid structure links a trimethylcyclohexyl subunit to a seven‐membered core with two fused tetrahydrofuran units. Herein, we describe the first synthesis of (+)‐darwinolide, which features a convergent aldol fragment coupling, an Ireland–Claisen rearrangement, and an organocatalytic desymmetrization as the key steps. Our results provide a foundation for the development of novel antibiofilm‐specific antibiotics.
Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1‐[18F]Difluorinated Alkenes
Authors: Frost Aileen B. , Brambilla Marta , Exner Rüdiger M. , Tredwell Matthew
Published: November 2018

A general method for the synthesis of 1,1‐[18F]difluorinated alkenes from [18F]fluoride is reported. This transformation is highly regioselective giving the desired 18F‐fluoroalkenes with radiochemical purities of up to 77 % within 20 minutes and a molar activity (Am) of 1 GBq μmol−1. The transformations are operationally simple to perform and were readily translated onto a commercial automated synthesis unit. The resultant 1,1‐[18F]difluorinated alkene motif is prevalent in numerous drug molecules, and this is the first general method to synthesize this motif with fluorine‐18. 18F‐fluorinated alkenes are excellent building blocks and participate in a number of post‐labeling transformations to access a range of 18F‐perfluorinated functional groups that have never before been radiolabeled with non‐carrier‐added [18F]fluoride. This method considerably expands the range of 18F‐motifs accessible to radiochemists.
Size distribution of bubbles in agitated viscous Newtonian and non‐Newtonian solutions
Authors: Momiroski Vinko , Bhattacharya Sati , Davoody Meysam , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz Bin , Parthasarathy Rajarathinam
Published: November 2018

The effects of impeller type, Newtonian shear thinning liquid viscosities, and noncoalescing conditions on the impeller gas cavities, impeller power consumption, and Sauter mean bubble diameter (d32) in a multiphase agitated vessel were systematically studied. An underwater recording technique was used to study gas cavities and bubble size in various operating and design conditions. The gas cavity images were used to relate d32 to gas cavity structure. It was observed that d32 values increase with an increase in Newtonian and shear thinning liquid viscosities. Results also indicate that impellers operating in shear thinning liquids consume higher gassed power at the same operating conditions compared with those in Newtonian fluids. In addition, the d32 values in noncoalescing liquids are substantially smaller compared with those in coalescing solutions at the same Pg/V. Mathematical correlations are proposed for estimating the d32 in the impeller discharge stream and Pg/V in viscous Newtonian and non‐Newtonian solutions.
A Comparison of Common Hippopotamus (Artiodactyla) and Mysticete (Cetacea) Nostrils: An Open and Shut Case
Authors: Maust‐Mohl Maria , Reiss Diana , Reidenberg Joy S.
Published: November 2018

Hippos are considered the closest living relatives to cetaceans and they have some similar adaptations for aquatic living, such as a modified respiratory tract. Behavioral observations of male and female common hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) at Disney's Animal Kingdom® and the Adventure Aquarium were conducted to describe and examine movements of the nostrils during respiration (inspiration, expiration, and inter‐breath interval). The hippo nostril is a crescent shaped opening with lateral and medial aspects that are mobile and can be adducted and abducted to regulate the nostril opening. Notably, the default (resting) position of the nostrils is closed during the inter‐breath interval, even when hippos are resting in water and their heads are not submerged. Similar to cetaceans, this aquatic adaptation protects the respiratory tract from an accidental incursion of water that can occur even when the nostrils are above water. Dissection of a deceased captive common hippo suggests there are separate muscles that pull the medial and lateral aspects for abduction. The internal nasal passage has a nasal plug that is similar in shape but less pronounced than the nasal plugs of two baleen whale species studied (minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, fin whale Balaenoptera physalus). Examination of the musculature suggests fibers attach from the premaxillae and extend caudally to retract the plug to open the nasal passage. We discuss similarities and differences of the nostrils/blowholes of fully aquatic, semi‐aquatic, and terrestrial species to assess adaptations related to environmental conditions that may be convergent or derived from a common ancestor. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:693–702, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Connections between the Madden–Julian Oscillation and surface temperatures in winter 2018 over eastern North America
Authors: Barrett Bradford S.
Published: November 2018

From January to March 2018, one of the strongest Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events of the last 45 years progressed eastward along the equator from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean then back to the Indian Ocean. In response to strong tropospheric heating in the MJO's active convective envelope, several pronounced Rossby wave trains developed and extended from the equatorial tropics, across the extratropical Pacific and North America, and into the extratropical Atlantic. The origins of these Rossby wave trains evolved eastward with time, generally following the eastward progression of the MJO, but preferentially clustered in subtropical India and Southeast Asia and in two locations in the subtropical Pacific Ocean: along 160°E and 170°W. Over eastern North America, surface and lower‐tropospheric temperatures rose to more than 12 °C above normal when the MJO convective envelope was over the Indian Ocean (in mid‐January) and Western Hemisphere (in late February). In between those warm periods, temperatures cooled to below normal while the MJO convection was over the western Pacific. These temperature anomalies evolved in time with the pronounced Rossby wave trains that linked eastern North America with the Tropics in the Eastern Hemisphere: warm temperatures occurred when ridging was present over eastern North America and cooler temperatures occurred when troughing was present. This variability is discussed and placed in context of recent work showing the MJO's role in modulating temperature and circulation.
The influences of ocean on intensity of Typhoon Soudelor (2015) as revealed by coupled modeling
Authors: Li Dian‐Yi , Huang Ching‐Yuang
Published: November 2018

Typhoon Soudelor (2015) moved northwestward toward Taiwan and passed several mesoscale ocean eddies over the open ocean. A high‐resolution air–sea coupled model HWRF is employed to simulate Soudelor. Coupled model with low‐ or high‐resolution ocean conditions can largely reduce the over‐intensification of the typhoon from uncoupled modeling. Coupled modeling with a more realistic finer‐resolution Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) analysis helps better capture the rapid weakening of the super‐intense typhoon for the first 2 days and the following re‐intensification before 80 hr, due to the initial more realistic ocean conditions. The rapid weakening is related to the existence of initial cold core ocean eddies near the earlier typhoon, while the warm core eddies tend to decrease the typhoon‐induced SST cooling and thus induce the re‐intensification of the later typhoon. The typhoon boundary layer is shallower at the rear‐right quadrant of the moving typhoon than that at other quadrants. The coupled modeling results show that a much shallower boundary layer lower than 200 m is produced at the rear‐right quadrant for the super‐intense typhoon as the typhoon passes over cold core eddies and induces stronger SST cooling. In addition, stronger typhoon cold wake in coupled experiments induces larger inflow angles at lower levels at the rear‐right quadrant than other studies. The simulated track near and after landfall at east Taiwan is also improved for the coupled experiment compared to the uncoupled experiment.
Results of a RCT on a Transition Support Program for Adults with ASD: Effects on Self‐Determination and Quality of Life
Authors: Nadig Aparna , Flanagan Tara , White Keeley , Bhatnagar Sahir
Published: November 2018

Few evidence‐based services exist for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as they transition into adulthood, particularly those that foster appreciation of one's own goals and strengths. We developed a transition service for adults with ASD (without Intellectual Disability), and conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) focusing on self‐report of Quality of Life and Self‐Determination outcomes. Thirty participants aged 18–29 were randomized to immediate or delayed intervention, with 26 participants analyzed after 4 were lost to follow‐up. Curriculum was tailored to participants' self‐expressed needs in three areas: social communication, self‐determination, and working with others. Groups of four‐to‐six participants with ASD and two facilitators met weekly for 10 weeks. Positive intervention effects were observed on self‐report of Quality of Life; the intervention group scored on average 2 points higher than the control group, 95% CI [−0.2, 3.9]. Positive effects were also observed on the Self Determination Scale (Interpersonal Cognitive Problem‐Solving subdomain), where the intervention group scored 2 points higher than control group 95% CI [0.082, 3.4]. In addition, participants rated skills targeted by the curriculum 6 points higher after versus before intervention, 95% CI [3.7, 8.6]. This was echoed by a subset of parents rating their child's skills as seven points higher after versus before intervention, 95% CI [1, 14].Autism Research2018, 11: 1712–1728. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

These findings indicate that it is possible to increase Self‐Determination and subjective Quality of Life in adults with ASD through a brief group‐format service, and provide a model for doing so. Self‐Determination abilities are linked to improved adult outcomes in individuals with other disabilities. These often overlooked factors should be incorporated in programming for adults with ASD as they transition to adulthood.
Innovation via Inspiration und Kreativität
Authors: Möller Eberhard
Published: November 2018

Der Tragwerksentwickler Frei Otto hat die Multihalle für die Bundesgartenschau 1975 in Mannheim gemeinsam mit den Ingenieuren von Ove Arup und den Architekten Carlfried Mutschler und Joachim Langner entworfen, entwickelt und verwirklicht. Der Bau gilt als Meilenstein des überwiegend druckbeanspruchten Leichtbaus. Das filigrane Flächentragwerk war damals und ist heute noch die größte freitragende Holzgitterschalenkonstruktion weltweit mit Spannweiten von bis zu 80 m. Der kreative Planungsprozess war kaum weniger interessant und ist bis heute vorbildlich. Der Prüfingenieur Fritz Wenzel hat diesen Prozess begleitet und überwacht. Heute, fast 44 Jahre später, benötigt man in ähnlichem Maß Forschergeist, Kreativität, Innovationsfreude und Mut, um das großartige Denkmal als weiterhin beispielhaftes Leichtbau‐Experiment zu retten.
Characterizing and enhancing virus removal by protein A chromatography
Authors: Pan Chinwei , Becerra‐Arteaga Alejandro , Tran Benjamin , Chinn Michael , Wang Hua , Chen Qi , Lutz Herb , Zhang Min
Published: November 2018

Protein A chromatography is an effective capture step to separate Fc‐containing biopharmaceuticals from cell culture impurities but is generally not effective for virus removal, which tends to vary among different products. Previous findings have pointed to the differences in feedstocks to protein A, composed of the products and other cell culture‐related impurities. To separate the effect of the feedstock components on virus removal, and understand why certain monoclonal antibody (mAb) products have low virus log reduction values (LRVs) across protein A chromatography, we investigated the partitioning of three types of viruses on Eshmuno® A columns. Using pure mAbs, we found that low LRVs were correlated with the presence of the particular mAb product itself, causing altered partitioning patterns. Three virus types were tested, and the trend in partitioning was the same for retrovirus‐like particles (RVLPs) expressed in the cell substrate, and its model virus xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMuLV), whereas slightly different for murine minute virus. These results were extended from previous observation described by Bach and Connell‐Crowley (2015) studying XMuLV partitioning on MabSelect SuRe columns, providing further evidence using additional types of viruses and resin. Other product‐specific cell culture impurities in harvested cell culture fluid played a lesser role in causing low LRVs. In addition, using high throughput screening (HTS) methods and Eshmuno® A resin plates, we identified excipients with ionic and hydrophobic properties that could potentially alleviate the mAb‐induced LRV reduction, indicating that both ionic and hydrophobic interactions were involved. More excipients of such nature or combinations, once optimized, can potentially be used as load and/or wash additives to improve virus removal by protein A. We have demonstrated that HTS is a valuable tool for this type of screening, whether to gain deeper understanding of a mechanism, or to provide guidance during the optimization of protein A process with improved virus removal.
Purification of a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine using tangential flow diafiltration
Authors: Emami Parinaz , Motevalian Seyed Pouria , Pepin Erin , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: November 2018

Conjugated vaccines prepared from the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae can provide immunization against invasive pneumococcal disease, meningitis, and otitis media. One of the critical steps in the production of these vaccines is the removal of free (unreacted) polysaccharides from the protein‐polysaccharide conjugate. Experimental studies were performed to evaluate the effects of membrane pore size, filtrate flux, and solution conditions on the transmission of both the conjugate and free polysaccharide through different ultrafiltration membranes. Conjugate purification was done using diafiltration performed in a linearly‐scalable tangential flow filtration cassette. More than 98% of the free polysaccharide was removed within a 5‐diavolume diafiltration process, which is a significant improvement over previously reported results for purification of similar conjugated vaccines. These results clearly demonstrate the opportunities for using ultrafiltration/diafiltration for the final purification of conjugated vaccine products.