bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Romantic involvement and mental health in sexual and gender minority emerging adults assigned female at birth
Authors: Whitton Sarah W. , Godfrey Lisa M. , Crosby Shariell , Newcomb Michael E.
Published: January 2020

We examined whether romantic relationship involvement, a well-established protective factor against mental health problems among heterosexual adults, is also protective for sexual and gender minority emerging adults assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB), a group at high risk for mental health issues. Using cross-sectional data from a community sample of 222 SGM-AFAB ages 18–20 years, we assessed associations between current relationship involvement and five mental health variables: depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol use problems, cannabis use problems, and illicit drug use. There were no differences by romantic involvement in problematic cannabis use or other illicit drug use. Overall, participants in a relationship reported fewer depressive symptoms, fewer anxiety symptoms, and less problematic alcohol use than participants who were single. Some associations differed, however, by participant gender identity, sexual orientation identity, and partner gender. Specifically, relationship involvement was associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms for cisgender female participants ( n = 154) but not for gender minority participants ( n = 68) and for lesbian participants ( n = 38) but not for bisexual/pansexual participants ( n = 134) or those with other sexual orientation identities ( n = 50). Participants romantically involved with a cisgender female partner ( n = 43) had fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms than single participants ( n = 100), those with a cisgender male partner ( n = 56), and those with a gender minority partner (n = 23). Together, these findings suggest that romantic involvement may promote mental health for many, but not all, SGM young adults, highlighting the importance of attending to differences among SGM subgroups in research and efforts to reduce mental health and substance use disparities.
Self-censorship in Latvian journalism: A research note
Authors: Rožukalne Anda
Published: January 2020

This research note analyses the interrelation between the changing media environment in Latvia and journalistic practices, with a focus on self-censorship. It is based on, first, a survey investigating journalists’ professional values and, second, semi-structured qualitative interviews with media professionals. The data indicate that the most viable self-censorship strategy is to reconcile professional principles with political and economic pressures and constraints.
Melanin-concentrating hormone in rat nucleus accumbens or lateral hypothalamus differentially impacts morphine and food seeking behaviors
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Zhang Jianjun , Bai Yunjing , Zheng Xigeng , Alizamini Mirmohammadali M , Shang Wen , Yang Qingxiong , Li Ming , Li Yonghui , Sui Nan
Published: January 2020

Background:

Identifying neural substrates that are differentially affected by drugs of abuse and natural rewards is key to finding a target for an efficacious treatment for substance abuse. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a polypeptide with an inhibitory effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Here we test the hypothesis that melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens shell is differentially involved in the regulation of morphine and food-rewarded behaviors.

Methods:

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained with morphine (5.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or food pellets (standard chow, 10–14 g) to induce a conditioned place preference, immediately followed by extinction training. Melanin-concentrating hormone (1.0 µg/side) or saline was infused into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the reinstatement primed by morphine or food, and locomotor activity was simultaneously monitored. As the comparison, melanin-concentrating hormone was also microinjected into the nucleus accumbens shell or lateral hypothalamus before the expression of food or morphine-induced conditioned place preference.

Results:

Microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the nucleus accumbens shell (but not into the lateral hypothalamus) prevented the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference. In contrast, microinfusion of melanin-concentrating hormone into the lateral hypothalamus (but not in the nucleus accumbens shell) inhibited the reinstatement of food conditioned place preference but had no effect on the reinstatement of morphine conditioned place preference.

Conclusions:

These results suggest a clear double dissociation of melanin-concentrating hormone in morphine/food rewarding behaviors and melanin-concentrating hormone in the nucleus accumbens shell. Melanin-concentrating hormone could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention for morphine abuse without affecting natural rewards.
Is the relation between non-controlling interests and parent companies misleading?
Authors: Lopes Ana Isabel , Lourenço Isabel Costa , Soliman Mark T , Branco Manuel Castelo
Published: January 2020

This article investigates whether different levels of investor protection affect the equity market’s valuation of non-controlling interests (NCIs) in a consolidated corporate entity. Using a set of publicly listed European firms, our findings suggest a positive (negative) association of NCIs with parent companies’ share prices in countries with low (high) levels of investor protection. We interpret the findings as evidence that when non-controlling investors are not well-protected, parent companies have an opportunity to extract rents from non-controlling owners, leading to a positive valuation of NCIs’ equity. However, in countries where non-controlling investors are well-protected, parent companies are not able to extract rents but still must monitor and govern the related subsidiary; thus, NCIs become a net cost, and the relation inverts.

JEL Classification: M41, M48
More Than a 2-Fold Risk of Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Compared With Ipsilateral Graft Failure 10 Years After Primary Reconstruction
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Macchiarola Luca , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Stefanelli Federico , Neri Mariapia , Silvestri Annamaria , Della Villa Francesco , Zaffagnini Stefano
Published: January 2020

Background:

Failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction or an injury to the ACL in the contralateral knee represents a devastating event for patients, especially those young and physically active. However, controversies are still present regarding long-term failure rates and risk factors.

Purpose:

To assess the long-term rate of ipsilateral graft failure and contralateral ACL injuries after ACL reconstruction performed at a single center using the same surgical technique with a hamstring autograft and to investigate the effect of sex, age, and preinjury activity level as predictors of second ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The study cohort consisted of 244 consecutive patients (mean age, 30.7 years) who underwent ACL reconstruction with a single bundle plus lateral plasty technique using the hamstring tendon between November 2007 and May 2009. The number of subsequent ACL injuries (ipsilateral ACL revision or contralateral ACL reconstruction) was determined at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Survivorship of either knee and subgroup analysis included sex, age, preoperative Tegner activity level, timing of ACL reconstruction, body mass index, and smoking status.

Results:

Ipsilateral ACL revision was performed in 8 (3.4%) patients and contralateral ACL reconstruction in 19 (7.8%) patients. Only 1 patient had both ipsilateral and contralateral injuries. No predictors were found for ipsilateral ACL revision, while age <18 years and preoperative Tegner level ≥7 had a higher risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction. The highest rate of a second ACL reconstruction procedure was in young (<18 years) and active (Tegner ≥7) patients, in whom the 10-year survival of either knee was 61.1%. Six years after primary ACL reconstruction, the rate of contralateral ACL reconstruction was significantly higher than that of ipsilateral ACL revision (hazard ratio, 2.4-3.6).

Conclusion:

In the long term, a second injury to either the ipsilateral or the contralateral knee in young and active populations could reach 40%, with a more than double-fold risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction compared with ipsilateral ACL revision.
Mandibular Osteomyelitis Caused by Coccidiodes Immitis
Authors: Lyon Kenneth F. , Bard Ross A.
Published: January 2020

Mandibular osteomyelitis was diagnosed in an 18-month old male Labrador retriever with one-week history of pain when opening the mouth. The dog is responding to treatment after three months on oral ketoconazole. Serology tests were positive for Coccidiodes immitis. Radiographic diagnosis was monitored during therapy.

Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever) is caused by a saprophytic fungus, Coccidioides immitis. The term valley fever is used to describe cases of coccidioidomycosis and refers to the San Joaquin Valley in California, where many of the first human cases were described. Coccidioides immitis is a highly specialized saprophytic fungus that lives in the soils of semi-arid geographic areas in the western hemisphere. The specialized growth requirements are met in the area called the lower Sonoran life zone. The epizootiology has been described elsewhere.1,2
Dental disease of rabbits and rodents
Authors: Bohmer E. , Kostlin R. G.
Published: January 2020

Eighty three cases of dental disease in rabbits and rodents were reviewed for diagnosis, therapy and findings. Malocclusion in the area of the incisors has a favorable prognosis in most cases as it is one of the few injurious conditions that can be treated on an unanesthetized animal. Shortening of the incisors following primary treatment is usually necessary at intervals of four to five weeks.

Prognosis for dental problems of the premolar and molar teeth is less favorable. Secondary injuries of the tongue or buccal mucous membranes causing anorexia and severe metabolic disorders are not uncommon. In addition, the animal requires anesthetic for a corrective treatment, which in many cases has to be repeated every four to five months. Animals with occurrence of abscesses with maxillomandibular osteomyelitis are considered to have a poor prognosis due to the high rate of complications. Recurrent cases are generally considered hopeless and fatalities were common, according to this study.
Apexogenesis
Authors: Visser Chris J.
Published: January 2020

The permanent teeth erupt while undergoing tooth formation and root lengthening. These immature teeth are more vulnerable to pulp exposure. Faced with the necessity for root canal treatment, and taking into account the unlikely possibility of successful obturation of an immature canal system, it is recommended that these developing teeth be treated by a biological approach. When the vital pulp of a tooth is exposed and the pulp is not irreversibly inflamed and apical development and closure is incomplete apexogenesis procedures are recommended. Vital pulp therapy techniques are described.
The Enigma of Feline Dentition
Authors: West Leigh
Published: January 2020

Understanding the dental anatomy of the cat is the first step towards recognizing oral pathological changes. There is much confusion about the correct numbering sequence for the cat dentition. This article will focus on understanding the numbering of feline dentition.
Dental Disease in Rodents
Authors: Wiggs Robert B. , Lobprise Heidi B.
Published: January 2020

The dental diseases of rodents are unique because of their dental anatomy and physiology. Common problems of rodent dentitions are covered in this article including periodontal disease, stomatitis, caries, and malocclusions. The anatomy of rodent dentitions is reviewed. Treatment for these diseases is included.
Periodontal Healing with Citric ACID Root Conditioning
Authors: Limardi R J. , Auvil James D.
Published: January 2020

Delivery of citric acid onto the root surface may expose more collagen fibers which may provide an area for new attachment of gingival epithelium. A review of this topic and other recent literature reports is addressed.
Restorative Materials
Authors: Holmstrom Steven E.
Published: January 2020

Veterinarians have a wide variety of types and brands of dental restorative materials available. An appreciation for the types of restorative materials is necessary for their successful placement. The rationale for use, types and technique for placement of bonding agents, composite resins, amalgams, and light cure restoratives are presented.
Split Palatal U-Flap: A New Technique for Repair of Caudal Hard Palate Defects
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra , Grove T. Keith , Grillo James F.
Published: January 2020

Oronasal fistulas located in the central portion of the hard palate can be surgically repaired using a transposition flap of hard palate mucoperiosteum from tissue adjacent to the defect. The purpose of this report is to describe a new technique, the split palatal U-flap, for the surgical repair of large caudal hard palate defects in the dog and cat. A description of this new technique and case reports of a dog and a cat in which this technique was utilized to repair caudal hard palate defects are included.
Client Information Handout Reprinted from Pet Focus, with Permission
Authors: Lyon Kenneth F.
Published: January 2020

Today, it is recognized that our pets have dental problems that went unrecognized and untreated in the past. Recent developments in the field of veterinary dentistry, increased owner awareness, and new treatment techniques make dental care an indispensable part of pet health care. Routine preventative procedures such as brushing the teeth should be a regular aspect of the care we extend to our pets. J. Vet. Dent., 1991; 8(2): 26–30.
Spirochetes in Periodontal Disease in the Dog: A Review
Authors: Hennet Philippe R. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

The importance and the role of spirochetes in periodontal disease is controversial since the means to study these particular bacteria are limited. Because of specific requirements for growth, spirochetes are difficult to culture. Spirochetes could have profound effects on the perpetuation of periodontal disease. A review of the literature related to spirochetes is described.
Hemisection of a Molar Tooth in a Dog: An Alternative to Total Extraction
Authors: Swan Richard H. , Rapley John W. , Schindler William G. , Mathey W. Sherman
Published: January 2020

Hemisection is a viable option to complete extraction in those situations where a portion of a tooth can still perform in health and function after the diseased portion has been removed. A case report is presented describing the hemisection of a mandibular first molar in a dog. Indications and contraindications for the procedure are outlined.
Comparative Obturation Techniques in the Canine
Authors: Anthony James M. G.
Published: January 2020

Recent technological advances have created new approaches and techniques in endodontics while enhancing traditional criteria. The goal of this article is to present the best aspect of current techniques and materials to enable the practitioner to achieve success in the clinical practice of root canal therapy.
Using Epoxy for Dental Castings
Authors: Lyon Kenneth F. , DeTorre Mark
Published: January 2020

Important features of epoxy, when used for making dental castings, include rapid production of models without mixing and the production of a precise and nearly indestructible model. The 3M Epoxy system is used to illustrate the step-by-step production of an epoxy study model.
Lingually Displaced Mandibular Canine Teeth: Orthodontic Treatment Alternatives in the Dog
Authors: Oakes Ashley B. , Beard Gary B.
Published: January 2020

Lingual displacements of mandibular canine teeth often occur following retention of deciduous canine teeth. This condition often results in trauma of occlusion to the Ungual aspect of the maxillary canine tooth and the further development of a periodontal pocket or an oronasal fistula. This condition can be corrected using orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and illustrate the various alternatives available for correction of this common malocclusion in dogs.
Root Canal Obturation using Thermafil® Endodontic Obturators in Dog Teeth
Authors: Golden Amy L. , Hennet Philippe R.
Published: January 2020

The technique of using Thermafil® endodontic obturators to fill root canals in dog teeth is discussed in detail. Stainless steel carriers coated with gutta-percha were heated and inserted in instrumented canals of dog teeth. The ease of the technique is discussed and obturation efficacy is evaluated. No perfect apical seal was achieved.
Natural Development of Periodontal Disease in the Dog: A Review of Clinical, Anatomical and Histological Features
Authors: Hennet Philippe R. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

Periodontal disease occurs naturally in a wide range of species from rodents to humans. Clinical studies document the development of periodontal disease. Histopathology reveals the inflammatory response to plaque accumulation. This article presents a review of the clinical and histopathological features of periodontal disease in the dog.
Intracanal Calcium Hydroxide Therapy - The Webber Technique
Authors: Cukjati Joseph F.
Published: January 2020

Calcium hydroxide powder has been used as a treatment medication for different pathologies of the teeth. This article describes the physiological effects and general principles involved in using calcium hydroxide. The indications for its use and the contraindications are described. Filling and refilling the root canal with calcium hydroxide using the Webber technique induces a calcified tissue barrier and stimulates osteogenic healing. A case report using the Webber technique is included.
Development of a Teaching Model for Coronal access to the Canine Dentition
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra , Golab Gail , Anthony James M.G. , Cloran Jean , Klippert Linda
Published: January 2020

A dolichocephalic canine skull was utilized to develop a teaching and study model for coronal access cavity preparation of the dentition. The teeth from the right side of the skull were extracted. Each tooth was radiographed in two planes to localize the “ideal” endodontic access point. Barium markers were placed over these points and each tooth was radiographed again to confirm the appropriate location of the marker. Access was created by drilling through the barium marker. Then, K-files were inserted through the access preparation into the root canal system. The teeth were radiographed with the K-files in place to verify straight pathways to the apices. Straight line access to the apex was obtained in all teeth. Creation of this model provides an opportunity for the veterinary dental student to develop and refine skills used in performing endodontic therapy. The model can be utilized by the veterinary dental practitioner in clinical practice.
Replantation of a Maxillary Canine Tooth after Traumatic Avulsion in a Dog
Authors: Spodnick Gary J.
Published: January 2020

An infrequent traumatic injury in dogs is avulsion of a tooth from its alveolus. The management of the avulsed tooth is complex. This report describes the treatment of a traumatically avulsed maxillary canine tooth in a dog. Replantation and splinting of the tooth was performed. Despite a protracted extraoral time, follow up clinical and radiographic assessment of the tooth indicated successful replantation.
Masticatory Muscle Myositis
Authors: Anderson Jamie G. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

This report examines a case of masticatory muscle myositis in a dog. Inflammatory disorders can affect the muscles of mastication. Two types of inflammatory myopathies have been described. The histopathology and immunochemical features of this case suggest an immune mediated basis for this disorder. The diagnosis and treatment are described for this immune mediated inflammatory myositis.
The Chairside Developer and the Making of an Inexpensive Unit
Authors: Wiggs Robert B. , Lobprise Heidi B.
Published: January 2020

A chairside developer using rapid developer/fixer solutions is an indispensible aid for the veterinary dental practitioner. These units can be expensive. This “light-hearted cowboy” article describes how to construct a chairside dental film developer using inexpensive materials.
Management and Long Term Effects of Electrocution in a Cat's Mouth
Authors: Legendre Loic F.J.
Published: January 2020

A seven-month-old male domestic long haired cat was treated for oral defects resulting from electric shock. Damage to the lips, tongue, teeth and palate were observed. This article describes treatment of the palatal, lip and oral mucosal lesions.
The use of a Modified Quad-Helix Appliance in the Correction of Lingually Displaced Mandibular Canine Teeth in the Dog
Authors: Vandenbergh Lucia
Published: January 2020

When deciduous mandibular canine teeth are retained in the dog the permanent mandibular canine teeth are often lingually displaced. This paper describes the use of a modified Quad Helix appliance in correcting lingually displaced permanent mandibular canine teeth in the dog. This orthodontic case study follows the patient from initial diagnosis, treatment plan and therapy to 12 months post-therapy with detailed measurements, notations and photographs.
Vital Pulpotomy of the Broken Tusk of an Indian Elephant
Authors: Legendre Loic F.J.
Published: January 2020

A gingival fracture of the right tusk of a 21 year old Indian elephant is treated by a direct pulp capping technique using a calcium hydroxide lining and a glass ionomer restoration.
Ideal Coronal Endodontic access Points for the Canine Dentition
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra , Golab Gail , Anthony James MG , Cloran Jean , Klippert Linda
Published: January 2020

The ideal coronal access sites to the canine dentition are described and pictured in this report. These sites were determined in a previous study in which a coronal access teaching model was developed with the utilization of a dolichocephalic canine skull, barium markers, K-files, and dental radiographs. This report provides clear visualization of the ideal access sites on teeth in the dog which can help ensure a straight line access to the apex and help prevent iatrogenic perforation of the pulpal floor or pulp canal. Using the technique described can also help prevent excessive loss of tooth structure during access preparation.
Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy and Bence-Jones Proteinuria
Authors: Lyon Kenneth F.
Published: January 2020

Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis and gingivitis was diagnosed in an 8-year old female domestic shorthair. The cat had evidence of severe generalized inflammation of the oral cavity. Biopsy samples were evaluated and displayed a lichenoid, interface stomatitis which was predominantly lymphoplasmacytic. Serum protein electrophoresis confirmed a monoclonal gammopathy. Urine protein electrophoresis confirmed Bence-Jones proteinuria. Protein electrophoresis was used to diagnose monoclonal gammopathy (the production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin, or paraprotein, which is associated with a characteristic “M” protein spike on serum electrophoresis). Diseases associated with monoclonal gammopathy are similar in the dog and cat. Alkylating agent chemotherapy is used to rapidly reduce paraprotein concentrations in multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is the most common disorder associated with monoclonal gammopathy. This condition is less common in the cat, compared to the dog. This report examines the diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma in a cat presenting with severe stomatitis.
Compliance with Oral Hygiene Recommendations following Periodontal Treatment in Client-Owned Dogs
Authors: Miller Bonnie R. , Harvey Colin E.
Published: January 2020

A telephone questionnaire survey of owners of 51 dogs was conducted. All51 dogs had had periodontal treatment at VHUP six months or more previously. At that time, they had received a tooth brush, dentifrice, instructions and a demonstrations of brushing. The owners were asked to brush the dogs' teeth once daily. At the time of survey, 53% of the clients were still brushing several times a week and 38% were no longer brushing at all.
Effectiveness of Sofscale™ Calculus Scaling Gel as an AID during Dental Scaling of Teeth of Dogs
Authors: Miller Bonnie R. , Harvey Colin E. , Shofer Frances
Published: January 2020

The effect of pre-scaling application of SofScale™ Calculus Scaling Gel was studied on teeth of cadaver dogs, comparing scaling time and effort among pre-treated and untreated pairs of teeth. Teeth with light, moderate and heavy calculus were studied, treated by either hand-scaling only or hand and ultrasonic scaling. No significant difference was found in overall mean time required, comparing SofScale™ treated and untreated teeth. Scaling time was faster for SofScale™ treated teeth with light calculus, and slower for SofScale™ treated teeth with heavy calculus. There were no differences observed in the effort required for scaling, comparing SofScale™ treated and untreated teeth.
Use of the Dental Dam in Endodontic Procedures in Dogs
Authors: LeVan Laura M. , Russell David A. , Galburt Roger B. , Griffin Shannon L.
Published: January 2020

The rationale and step-by-step use of the rubber dental dam for endodontic procedures in dogs is described. Two methods are employed. One requires an initial investment of less than $200; the other requires no investment by the veterinary practitioner.
Development of a Teaching Model for Surgical Endodontic access Sites in the Dog
Authors: Marretta Sandra Manfra , Eurell Jo Ann , Klippert Linda
Published: January 2020

A dolicocephalic canine skull was used to develop a teaching and study model for surgical endodontic access sites of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary fourth premolar and the mandibular first molar teeth. Coronal endodontic access sites were created, and endodontic files were inserted through the access preparation into the root canal system. The teeth were radiographed to determine the ideal surgical access points. Barium markers were placed over these points and each tooth was radiographed again to confirm the appropriate location of the marker. Surgical accesses to the apices were created by drilling through the barium markers and underlying bone. Following localization of the apices, apicoectomies were performed, exposing the apical portion of the pulp canal. The maxillary and mandibular canine teeth, the maxillary fourth premolar tooth, and the mandibular first molar tooth and surrounding bone were harvested from a similar dolicocephalic dog following euthanasia. The specimens were embedded in methylmethacrylate, sectioned, and mounted on slides to reveal the structures located around the surgical access sites.
Bilateral Mandibular Condylectomy in a Cat
Authors: Eisner Edward R.
Published: January 2020

A six year old cat with a chronically luxating jaw was treated by bilateral condylectomy. The etiology of the chronic luxation was unilateral temporomandibular joint dysplasia.
Treatment of a Mandibular Periodontal Interproximal Defect with a Bone Graft in a Dog.
Authors: Smith Mark M.
Published: January 2020

A 10-year-old German shepherd dog presented with a periodontal 10 mm interproximal defect between the left mandibular fourth premolar and first molar teeth. Bone graft removed from the caudoventral portion of the ipsilateral hemimandible was placed in the defect as a component of the periodontal treatment plan. The use of bone graft likely contributed to periodontal pocket reduction.
Physical Examination and Radiographic Analysis to Detect Dental and Mandibular Bone Resorption in Cats: A Study of 81 Cases from Necropsy
Authors: Gengler William , Dubielzig Richard , Ramer Jan
Published: January 2020

The mandibles of 81 randomly selected cats were examined clinically and radiographically for dental calculus, periodontitis, odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL) and osteoporosis. Extent of calculus increased with increasing age. Prevalence and severity of periodontitis and FORL increased with increasing age. Osteoclastic resorption and/or osteoporosis increased with age, advancing from rostral to caudal in cortical bone. No significant correlation of periodontitis with FORL could be demonstrated.
Tooth Splinting for Severely Mobile Mandibular Incisor Teeth in a Dog
Authors: DuPont Gregg
Published: January 2020

Periodontal disease, in its advanced stages, causes tooth mobility. The tooth movement further damages the periodontium, accelerating the disease process leading to tooth loss. Dental splinting can provide coaptive stability to the teeth as an important component of a periodontal treatment plan. This report documents results four years following splinting of the mandibular incisor teeth in a 3 year old Miniature Schnauzer dog.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Subgingival Bacterial Flora in Cats with Gingivitis
Authors: Harvey C.E. , Thornsberry C. , Miller B.R. , Shofer F. S.
Published: January 2020

The aerobic and anaerobic flora from gingival pockets of 40 cats with established gingivitis were cultured. The susceptibility of each isolate to four antimicrobial agents currently approved for use in cats (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; clindamycin; cefadroxil; enrofloxacin) was determined. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Clavamox®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all isolates (92%) and all anaerobes (99% [co-equal with clindamycin]) tested; enrofloxacin (Baytril®) had the highest in-vitro susceptibility against all aerobes (90%) tested.
Feline Dental Resorptive Lesions in Captive and Wild Leopards and Lions
Authors: Berger Marianne , Schawalder Peter , Stich Hermann , Lussi Adrian
Published: January 2020

Are there feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL) in large cats? Macroscopic and radiological investigations of teeth of a zoo leopard, two wild lions and a wild leopard revealed that there are lesions identical to those found in teeth of domestic cats. Because of the radiological and clinical similarity between resorptive lesions and caries, additional examinations were carried out in order to differentiate between those two conditions. Based on the results of investigations such as Rhodamin B dye test, fuchsin/acetic light green staining, hardness measurements by the Knoop-diamond (KHN), and electron-microscopy, we conclude that FORL also occur in captive and wild large cats.
Diagnosis and Removal of a Dentigerous Cyst Complicated by Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma in a Dog
Authors: Kramek Betty A. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Smith Francis O.
Published: January 2020

A large, deforming, dentigerous cyst involving the maxillary canine tooth was removed from a young Vizla dog. Subsequent histopathologic examination revealed ameloblastic fibro-odontoma within the cyst wall. Excision was complete and there was no evidence of recurrence one year post-operatively.
Hexametaphosphate-Coated Snack Biscuits Significantly Reduce Calculus Formation in Dogs
Authors: Stookey George K. , Warrick Janice M. , Miller Linda L. , Katz Barry P.
Published: January 2020

We conducted a clinical trial in beagle dogs to determine the impact of a popular snack-type biscuit and an experimental biscuit coated with 0.6% sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) upon calculus formation. The study used a crossover design evaluating each dog on each regimen with 4-week test periods, each of which began with a dental prophylaxis (scaling and polishing). The dogs were provided a single daily feeding of dry chow followed 4 hours later by either no snack or a snack comprised of two or four conventional biscuits, or two HMP-coated biscuits. As compared to the no-snack regimen, feeding two or four conventional bone-shaped biscuits exerted no significant effect upon calculus formation, while the similar feeding of two HMP-coated biscuits significantly reduced calculus formation by 46%.
Orthodontic Correction of Lingually Displaced Canine Teeth in a Young Dog Using Light-cured Acrylic Resin
Authors: Hale Fraser A.
Published: January 2020

Lingually displaced canine teeth is a common malocclusion condition in dogs, the treatment of which has been described 1,2,3,4,5. Several of the previously reported treatment regimens involve the use of potentially harmful (toxic and/or dangerously exothermic) substances (methylmethacrylate) or require separate anesthetic episodes to make impressions and place the appliance. In this case, a dog was treated with directly placed appliances made of non-heat generating light-cured resin. Treatment required only one anesthetic episode to place the appliances and one more to remove them.
The Membranous Bulge Lingual to the Mandibular Molar Tooth of a Cat Contains a Small Salivary Gland
Authors: Okuda Ayako , Inouc Etsuko , Asari Masao
Published: January 2020

The membranous bulge lingual to the mandibular molar tooth was examined microscopically in 12 cats and found to contain a small mixed salivary gland. Approximate size of the gland was 1.0-1.5 mm bucco-lingually, 3.0-3.5 mm mesio-distally and 3.0 mm of depth at the largest part. This gland is a tubuloacinar gland with multiple small openings through several short ducts to the surface of the lingual membrane. Mucous acini were predominant with a few serous demilunes.
Compound Odontoma in a Dog
Authors: Hale Fraser A. , Wilcock Brian P.
Published: January 2020

Compound odontomas are rare tumors of dental origin. Though benign, their effect as a space occupying lesion can be dramatic. A large compound odontoma in the caudal right mandible of a five and a half month old dog was managed by surgical enucleation of the abnormal tissues. No recurrence was evident 6 months later.
Use of a Resin-lonomer in Crown-Root Fracture Repair of a Canine Tooth of a Dog
Authors: DeForge D. H.
Published: January 2020

A resin-ionomer material was used to repair a longitudinal sub-crestal crown-root fracture of a maxillary canine tooth of a young dog. Infinity™, the resin-ionomer used in this report, has been shown in human studies to be biocompatible with soft and osseous tissues, making it appropriate for use as a subgingival restorative material1,2,3,4,5,6. The tooth was treated endodontically to achieve apexification, followed by conventional endodontic treatment, crown-root fracture repair, and preparation for placement of an Inceram crown.
Use of Videofluoroscopy in Zoo Dentistry: Endodontic Procedure in a Tiger
Authors: DeForge D. H. , Golden A. L.
Published: January 2020

Videofluoroscopy was used as a radiographic technique to visualize a canine tooth during root canal therapy in a Siberian tiger. Videofluoroscopy was useful because the procedure was performed in a zoo setting with no access to an on-site darkroom. The fluoroscopic screen and videotape allowed for immediate viewing of the root canal system.
Epidemiological Study of Canine Teeth Fractures in Military Dogs
Authors: Le Brech C. , Hamel L. , Le Nihouannen J.C. , Daculsi G.
Published: January 2020

An epidemiological study of canine teeth fractures was carried out on 142 military dogs. One in four dogs had one or more canine teeth that were fractured, and 66 of 568 (11.6%) canine teeth were fractured. Canine teeth fractures most often were oblique mesiodistally, and had exposed pulp. Generally, more than fifty per cent of the crown length was lost in fractured canine teeth. Canine teeth fractures most often occurred during attack exercises, or in the kennel as a result of abnormal chewing or biting behavior. Fracture of two or more canine teeth resulted in a decrease in the ability or willingness of the dogs to function as military dogs. In many cases, severe attrition (abrasive dentin and enamel lesions and cracks) were present prior to fracture of the teeth.
Non-Apical Root Canal Ramifications in the Teeth of Dogs
Authors: Gioso M.A. , Knobl T. , Venturini M.A.F.A. , Correa H.L.
Published: January 2020

The roots of 130 extracted teeth were examined for non-apical ramifications from the main canal. Following decalcification and dehydration, the root canals were identified with an Indian ink gel. Secondary canals were found in 4 of the 130 teeth (2.4%), and stumps that may represent incomplete lateral canals were identified in two teeth. We conclude that non-apical root canal ramifications are much less common in dogs compared to humans.
Finite element simulation of the one-pass inner spinning process of curved generatrix cone cylindrical parts and analysis of their microstructure
Authors: Hao Zengliang , Luo Junting , Jin Yongbo , Liu Jinheng , Wang Zhenjie , Zhang Chunxiang
Published: January 2020

A one-pass annealing–internal spinning is proposed to form a conical thin-walled shell with large curved generatrix. The structure of the blank used is designed based on product-size requirements. ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the internal spinning process of a conical thin-walled shell with large curved generatrix under small-end (process 1) and large-end (process 2) rotations. The microstructure of the products is subsequently analyzed. Results show that the spinning pressure of the skin part under process 1 is relatively stable, and that the strain and residual stress distribution are uniform, and the hardness and the mechanical performance is improved. The products of the two processes have an obvious circumferential fiber structure. The second phase grain size in the fracture morphology of the product formed under the process 1 is uniform, and its size is in the range of 2–6 µm. Whereas, the second phase distribution of the product formed under the process 2 is not uniform, the fine second phase grain size is in 1–2 µm, and the coarse second phase grain size is in 5–8 µm.
A quantitative temperature reconstruction of the ‘Little Ice Age’ in southern China
Authors: Chang Jie , Zhang Enlou , Wang Luo , Liu Enfeng , Yang Xiaoqiang , Shulmeister James
Published: January 2020

We present a branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs)–based mean annual temperature reconstruction covering the last millennium from a subtropical lake in Guangxi Province, southern China (23°N). We demonstrate that the pattern and absolute values of mean annual temperatures reconstructed using the eastern African lake brGDGTs calibration based on the methylation of 5-methyl branched tetraethers index provided the most reliable and accurate temperature estimates from the site. The results resemble regional and Northern Hemisphere changes over this period. The pattern shows a general cool period between ca. AD 1450 and 1950, including cooling minima centred at ca. AD 1600, 1750 and 1900, coeval with the ‘Little Ice Age’ temperature fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere, followed by a warming trend from the mid-20th century to the present. The results suggest that both solar forcing and high-latitude Northern Hemisphere climate fluctuations play a role in influencing the terrestrial temperatures in southern China, possibly on different timescales. In addition, our results support the hypothesis that changes of the East Asian summer monsoon are primarily driven by the land–sea thermal gradient change between terrestrial southern China and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool regions during the last millennium, owing to external radiative and/or volcanic forcings.
Political Communication and Popular Literature: An Analysis of Political Jingles in Nigerian Electoral Discourse
Authors: Omidiora Oluwasegun , Ajiboye Esther , Abioye Taiwo
Published: January 2020

To win the support of the electorates, Nigerian politicians engage diverse resources during electoral campaigns. Some of these resources include political jingles. This study examines political discursive practices and their socio-cognitive functions in the political jingles of the 2015 general elections in Nigeria. This is to illuminate the politicians’ sociopolitical evaluations of the electorates. The data for this study comprise 50 political jingles of the presidential campaigns of the two major political parties in the country, the ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP) and the main opposition party, the All Progressive Congress (APC). This study is anchored on linguistic and literary theoretical perspectives using Critical Discourse Analysis and Sociology of Literature, respectively, to reveal the inherent meanings in, and socio-cultural implications of, the discourse of the sampled political jingles. Data analysis identifies political jingles as face-saving, assertive and educative acts. It also notes that implicatures, names, lexemes, religious allusions, evidentiality and code-switching are ideologically employed in the political jingles to enhance the politicians’ personalities and acceptance among the electorates.
Political Connection and Disconnection: Still a Success Factor for Chinese Entrepreneurs
Authors: Burt Ronald S. , Opper Sonja
Published: January 2020

Political connection in China is often tested for correlation with business success and government support under a suspicion that connected entrepreneurs enjoy special favors and protection. Research evidence is mixed. In revisiting the debate on political capital in China, we apply a socially embedded perspective on political connection. To this end we introduce two methodological innovations: (a) We develop a broader measure of political connectedness that covers the continuum from political connection to disconnection. (b) We integrate data on political connection with social network data. Specifically, we explore how the social structure around the individual entrepreneur affects performance above and beyond the often tested association between political ties and performance. We draw two conclusions: (1) The success association with political connection is discontinuous. Advantage is less for entrepreneurs weakly connected politically, but significant additional disadvantage arises for the politically disconnected. (2) The additional is that entrepreneurs disconnected from government show no benefit from having an advantaged business network. The politically connected with an advantaged business network show more prosperous business, higher returns on assets, and more likely survival over time. The politically disconnected show none of these benefits. We caution the entrepreneur who plans to ignore the government.
Reliability of Speech Variables and Speech-Related Quality Indicators in the Swedish Cleft Lip and Palate Registry
Authors: Brunnegård Karin , Hagberg Emilie , Havstam Christina , Okhiria Åsa , Klintö Kristina
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To assess the reliability of speech variables and speech-related quality indicators in the Swedish quality registry for cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Primary care university hospitals.

Participants:

Fifty-two 5-year-old children with unilateral CLP and 41 with bilateral CLP.

Main Outcome Measures:

Registry data for “percent nonoral errors” and “perceived velopharyngeal competence” (VPC) were compared to reassessments by 4 independent judges based on audio recordings. Interjudge agreement for “percent consonants correct” (PCC) and the reliability of 3 quality indicators were also assessed. Agreement was calculated with single measures intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for articulation outcomes, quadratic weighted κ and ICC for VPC, and percentage agreement and κ for quality indicators.

Results:

When the agreement between registry data and the judges’ reassessments was assessed, the ICC was 0.79 for percent nonoral errors. For VPC, the κ coefficient was 0.66 to 0.75 and the ICC was 0.73. Interjudge agreement for PCC calculated with ICC was 0.85. For the quality indicator “proportion of children with ≥86% correct consonants,” all 4 judges were in agreement for 72% of the cases. For “proportion of children without nonoral speech errors” and “proportion of children with competent or marginally incompetent velopharyngeal function,” the agreement between registry data and the 4 judges was 89% and 85%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that registry data on PCC, percent nonoral errors, VPC, and the quality indicators “proportion of children without nonoral speech errors” and “proportion of children with competent or marginally incompetent velopharyngeal function” are reliable.
Nonlinear dynamics of flexible links in planar parallel robots using a new beam element
Authors: Sharifnia Mahdi
Published: January 2020

In the present research, a previously presented beam element in planar static problems is extended to planar dynamic problems. As investigated in the previous work of the author, formulation of the presented Euler–Bernoulli beam element is simpler and the beam element more efficient than similar elements in large deflection problems. In the present element, the main idea is estimating the dimensions of the body in the deformed configuration, instead of estimating its absolute or relative positions. Therefore, two parameters, the length and slope angle of the beam centroid curve, are selected to be estimated by interpolating polynomials. To verify the efficiency of the element, obtained results for the flexible pendulum are compared with previous works. Because of the simple and efficient formulation of the element, it can be efficiently used for dynamic analysis of planar flexible linkages, and especially in flexible parallel robots, which are the main aims of the present research. Finally, the inverse dynamic of the flexible 3-RRR parallel robot is presented.
Green’s function technique to study the influence of heterogeneity on horizontally polarised shear-wave propagation due to a line source in composite layered structure
Authors: Kumar Pulkit , Mahanty Moumita , Chattopadhyay Amares , Kumar Singh Abhishek
Published: January 2020

The present paper investigates Green’s function technique to study the impact of the non-linear heterogeneity on the propagation of the horizontally polarised shear (SH) wave in a composite layered structure due to the line source. The composite structure is comprised of two distinct isotropic homogeneous elastic layers of finite width lying over an isotropic heterogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium. A general quadratic heterogeneity (including the linear heterogeneity term) in the rigidity of the semi-infinite medium has been taken into account. An efficient analytical treatment involving Green’s function technique along with the application of Fourier transformation has been employed to establish the closed form of the dispersion equation for the propagating wave. As a special case of the problem, the closed form of the dispersion equation has been found in well agreement with the pre-established and classical results. The influence of linear and non-linear heterogeneities on the phase velocity of the horizontally polarised shear-wave has been analysed comparatively for numerous cases associated with the considered model and the corresponding single layer half-space model. It is reported that the phase velocity of the horizontally polarised shear-wave is more pronounced in the case of the corresponding single layer half-space structure as compared to the considered structure. Also, the impact of the general quadratic heterogeneity (supported by the linear heterogeneity) enhances the phase velocity most favourably as compared to the case of the simple quadratic heterogeneity, linear heterogeneity and homogeneity in the semi-infinite medium.