bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДИСТАНЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В РАЗВИТИИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ТВОРЧЕСТВА ШКОЛЬНИКОВ: АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
Authors: Т. С. Шумейко  , Н. В. Божевольная  , Б. Ж. Жарлыкасов  , А. А. Жиенбаева  , Н. Н. Зубко
Published: May 2022

В статье обоснована актуальность развития технического творчества детей и молодежи, обусловленная потребностью современного общества в высококвалифицированных инженерно-технических кадрах в связи с внедрением инновационных технологий в технической и производственной сферах. Автор подчеркивает значимость дополнительного образования в развитии технического творчества школьников. Представлен ретроспективный анализ использования дистанционных образовательных технологий в дополнительном образовании, сравнительный анализ кейс-технологии и сетевой технологии дистанционного обучения. Перечислены традиционные и новые направления технического творчества, наиболее популярные в дополнительном образовании детей и молодежи в Республике Казахстан. Отмечен высокий уровень развития технического творчества детей в Актюбинской, Карагандинской, Павлодарской областях, городах Нур-Султан и Тараз по данным Республиканского учебно-методического центра дополнительного образования Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан. Состояние и проблемы дистанционного обучения в развитии технического творчества школьников раскрыты на примере Костанайской городской школы технического творчества детей и юношества. Представлены результаты бесед с учителями и школьниками, проведенных с целью изучения практики использования дистанционных образовательных технологий в развитии технического творчества, позволившие сделать вывод о необходимости сотрудничества школ технического творчества с вузами по использованию дистанционных образовательных технологий в развитии технического творчества учащихся.
ИЗ ОПЫТА ПОДГОТОВКИ ПЕДАГОГОВ К ИНКЛЮЗИВНОМУ ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ ЗА РУБЕЖОМ
Authors: А. Д. Жомартова  , Е. И. Бурдина  , С. Д. Аубакирова
Published: May 2022

Инклюзивное образование в Казахстане является очень актуальной проблемой. За достаточно продолжительный период осуществления создана нормативно-правовая база его регулирования, проводятся различные курсы повышения квалификации, в вузах внедрены дисциплины по инклюзивному образованию, создается методическая база для работы с детьми с особыми образовательными потребностями и так далее. Но, есть достаточно много вопросов, которые необходимо решить и один из которых – подготовка педагогов к инклюзии как таковой. В данной статье представлен теоретический анализ подготовки педагогов к инклюзивному образованию в зарубежных странах. Речь идет о проблемах реализации инклюзивного образования и готовности педагогов к данной деятельности. В статье предлагается на рассмотрение опыт подготовки педагогов на Кипре, Сербии, Италии (Венеция), в США (Канзас), Ботсване, в Польше и Литве, в Австралии и Новой Зеландии. Проведенная аналитическая работа по изучению опыта показала специфические проблемы инклюзии в каждой стране, а также были сопоставлены с казахстанской инклюзией, что позволило выявить потенциально слабые стороны по этой проблеме. На основе исследований зарубежных ученых создан образ педагога, готового успешно работать в инклюзивном образовании.
ПРОБЛЕМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ СТАРШЕКЛАССНИКОВ
Authors: А. Д. Кариев  , А. С. Акрамова  , А. Т. Абдуллаева
Published: May 2022

Здоровье является основным фактором человеческой жизни, показателем качества его жизнедеятельности. В связи с увеличенной учебной нагрузкой наблюдается стойкая тенденция снижения уровня здоровья подростков. Интерес к теме состояния здоровья учащихся обусловлен тем, что настоящая возрастная группа является наиболее чувствительной к воздействию негативных факторов. Данная статья раскрывает проблемы формирования здорового образа жизни среди старшеклассников. Авторы статьи выявляют основные факторы, оказывающие негативное влияния на здоровье старшеклассников, проблемы здоровьесбережения, указывают на проблемы формирования положительного отношения к здоровью. Теоретико-методологической базой научного исследования выступают актуальность проблемы здоровья учеников старших классов. Фактические данные собраны путем проведения анкетирования среди старшеклассников. В статье сделан обзор отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы по проблемам формирования здорового образа жизни детей подросткового возраста. Авторы указывают на необходимость ведения целенаправленной работы по формированию компетентности в здоровьесбережении. В статье раскрыты основные проблемы, влияющие на формирование здорового образа жизни подростка, показаны результаты анкетирования старшеклассников о здоровом образе жизни, на основе которых сделан вывод об отношении к здоровью у подростков.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VIRTUAL REALITY TOOLS IN ESL CLASSROOM
Authors: A. Y. Baimakhanova  , Zh. K. Ibrayeva
Published: May 2022

This article presents about numerous studies in the field of teaching foreign languages ​​indicating a direct connection between student success and the personalization of the curriculum and the level of interest in it. This is facilitated by tools that increase the plot of the lessons – storytelling, discussion of videos, cards with pictures and situations. In the course of this work, the development and testing of a new strategy for teaching English using VR is described. This technique allows to receive educational information through several channels of perception at once, stimulating cognitive synthesis and more complete participation of integrative brain structures in the learning process, which increases the student’s ability to memorize. Elements of gamification and the very fact of using gaming technology awaken and increase the interest of students. Also, the introduction of virtual reality technology makes it possible to expand the arsenal of used multimedia materials, adding interactive excursions and access to video archives around the world. The experience gained in the course of this work made it possible to start developing a full-fledged curriculum for students in combination with an application for smartphones and tablets.
LESSON STUDY: USING GROUPWORK ACTIVITY TO ENCHANCE STUDENT’S OUTPUT IN EAP CLASSES
Authors: A. B. Rakhimzhanova  , A. A. Baizhanova  , N. A. Ishmukhambetov
Published: May 2022

This article is a product of collaborative work between three university instructors that specifically focused on developing and enhancing students’ output using groupwork in their English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classes. The experimental part of this paper was based on the method commonly known as lesson study and aimed at observing and analyzing the use of language input covered during the classes by students. To provide favorable environment for the language practice, greater time was allocated for the production part of the lesson, where students did a role play activity in groups. The experiment proved that groupwork indeed enhances student output and engages more of them. At the same time, it was revealed that providing more time for the production part does not always lead to an increase in student talking time. Low-performing students’ output as well, did not necessarily improve during such activities.
КУРСАНТТАРДЫҢ КӨШБАСШЫЛЫҚ ӘЛЕУЕТІН ДАМЫТУДЫҢ ПСИХОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ-ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫҚ ШАРТТАР
Authors: С. Е. Абаева
Published: May 2022

Мақалада көшбасшылық, көшбасшылық әлеует феномені қарастырылады, осы тұжырымдаманы түсіндірудің әртүрлі амалдары ашылып, көшбасшылық туралы идеялардың даму тарихына қысқаша шолу жасалады. Курсанттардың көшбасшылық әлеуетін дамытудың психологиялық-педагогикалық шарттарын ашатын отандық, ресей және шетел ғалымдардың еңбектеріне талдау жасалып, аталған феноменнің табиғатын түсіндіретін концепцияларға өзіндік көз-қарас түзілді. Ұйымдық құрылымдарды басқарудағы көшбасшылық қабілеттердің, әлеуеттің маңыздылығы дәлелденеді. Әскери істердегі көшбасшылық әлеуетін құрайтын қасиеттер талданады. Сөйтіп, жүйелік талдау көшбасшылық феноменін оның құрылымдық құрамдас бөліктерінен қарастыруға мүмкіндік береді. Курсанттардың көшбасшылық әлеуетін дамыту үшін педагогикалық шарттарды анықтау қажет. Көшбасшылық әлеуетін дамыту бойынша жүйелі, бірізді жұмыс жүргізбес бұрын, ең алдымен курсанттардың бастапқы психикалық қасиеттерін, мінез-құлық ерекшеліктерін анықтау қажет. Мақалада курсанттардың көшбасшылық әлеуетін құрайтын қасиеттердің авторлық классификациясы айқындалған. «Көшбасшылық қабілеттерін диагностикалау» (Е. Жариков, Е. Крушельницкий), сонымен қатар «Көшбасшының баланс шеңбері» әдістерін қолдану арқылы жүргізілген көшбасшылық қабілеттердің кіріс диагностикасының нәтижелері берілген. Курсанттардың көшбасшылық қабілеттерінің көріну дәрежесіне сыртқы әсер ету мүмкіндігіне қатысты қорытынды тұжырымдалады. Курсанттардың көшбасшылық әлеуетін дамытуға бағытталған жұмыс түрлері, нысандары және кезеңдері көрсетілген.
Новый формат интернационализации образования в условиях пандемии (опыт Казахстана)
Authors: А. А. Нурмагамбетов  , Е. Т. Садыков  , Ж. А. Нурмагамбетов  , Л. М. Иватова
Published: May 2022

Статья посвящена анализу проблем, связанных с последствиями пандемии и ее влиянием на процесс интернационализации образования, а также рассмотрению мер, предпринимаемых в сложившейся ситуации в ряде зарубежных университетов и казахстанской высшей школе. Раскрывая особенности изменений в условиях пандемии в системе высшей школы, авторы, на основе анализа трудов исследователей по проблемам образования, в качестве основных ориентиров происходящих процессов определяют: увеличение доступности высшего образования, универсализацию знания, появление международных стандартов качества, стремление к инновациям в сфере высшего образования, расширение и укрепление международного сотрудничества, активизцию академической и студенческой мобильности, расширение политических, культурных и академических связей, привлечение квалифицированных специалистов из зарубежных стран. С учетом воздействия данных факторов, изложен собственный взгляд авторов на особенности процесса интернационализации высшего образования в условиях пандемии, раскрыты основные меры, предпринимаемые университетами Казахстана в сложившейся ситуации. Результаты анализа показали, что наряду с традиционными формами интернационализации в условиях пандемии появилась новая форма – электронная или онлайн интернационализация. Априори очевидно, что именно различные формы интернационализации и экспорт образования в период пандемии должны трансформироваться за счет сильного ограничения физической мобильности. Установлено, что академическая мобильность в дистанционном формате имеет ряд преимуществ, связанных с исключением расходов на поездку, проживание в другом государстве. Недостатком данного формата является отсутствие навыков коммуникации в иноязычной среде, адаптации к другой культуре. Определено, что онлайн формат интернационализации высшего образования становится фактором, усиливающим глобализационные процессы.
ОЗДАНИЕ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ ДЛЯ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ТРАЕКТОРИИ БУДУЩИХ ПЕДАГОГОВ
Authors: Н. Т. Уалиева  , А. Ж. Мурзалинова  , Л. С. Альмагамбетова  , С. К. Уаисова
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены материалы и результаты социально значимого исследования, целью которого является построение будущими педагогами профессионально-ориентированной образовательной траектории – персонального маршрута по овладению средствами решения профессиональных задач (образовательных программ, технологий формального, неформального и информального образования). Построение названной траектории требует организации сконструированных в ходе исследования психолого-педагогических условий для изменения мотивации и позиции студентов в направлении активного профессионального становления. Результатом исследования является Школа будущего педагога, организованная на базе Северо-Казахстанского университета им. М. Козыбаева. Деятельность данной Школы интегрирует формальное, неформальное и информальное образование, актуализирует свободу выбора обучающихся, развитие их индивидуальности и профессиональных привычек, формирование компетенций для решения профессиональных задач. К числу таких компетенций авторы статьи относят: готовность и способности адаптировать образовательный процесс в соответствии с собственными профессиональными целями; устанавливать партнерское взаимодействие с субъектами образовательной среды; создавать и использовать образовательную среду вуза и других образовательных учреждений; проектировать и осуществлять профессиональное самообразование. Основной вывод статьи – проектирование студентами исследуемой траектории требует, чтобы место обучения выходило за рамки вуза в профессиональные сообщества, а практика регионального образования стала дополнительным контекстом обучения.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: А. М. Кульбеков  , В. И. Цой  , А. А. Кирхмаер  , Р. М. Уалиева  , М. А. Елубай
Published: May 2022

В статье представлен механизм создания национальной задачно-квалификационной системы, обусловливающей сбалансированность образовательной и профессиональной деятельности страны благодаря сбалансированности спроса и предложения на рынке труда путём выращивания в организациях образования необходимых профессиональных способностей. Приведена модель функциональной, системной перевязки типовых затруднений субъектов различных сфер и расстановки логических приоритетов развития, обусловливающих бескризисную жизнедеятельность страны. Концептуальными основаниями выявления типовых затруднений являются естественное стремление человека повышать качество жизни и необходимость последовательно обращаться в соответствующие сферы социальных услуг, производства продукции, индустрии, проектирования, науки, образования и культуры с целью создания и приобретения новых товаров и услуг. Через все квалификационные рамки национальной задачно-квалификационной системы проходят две содержательные линии: линия профессиональных задач и линия квалификационных требований к субъектам по их безусловному выполнению. На основе модели функциональной системной перевязки типовых затруднений субъектов составлена целостная картина типовых общепрофессиональных задач, распределённых по восьми квалификационным уровням. Типовые задачи являются основанием составления профессионально-квалификационных, а также учебных задач, формулирования соответствующих требований к знаниям, умениям, навыкам и способностям учащихся и специалистов. Названные задачи образуют единое задачно-квалификационное пространство страны. Особое значение придается функциям независимых сертификационно-квалификационных центров, которые производят оценку профессионализма, устанавливают квалификационный уровень претендентов и выдают подтверждающие сертификаты. Эти центры выполняют контрольно-коррекционные функции рынка труда по отношению к субъектам профессиональной и образовательной деятельности.
ЖОҒАРЫ ОҚУ ОРЫНДАРЫНДА КӘСІПКЕРЛІККЕ ДАЙЫНДАУДЫҢ ЖОЛДАРЫ
Authors: М. Таш  , Е. С. Сапажанов  , Б. Д. Сыдыхов  , Е. Ж. Сармурзин
Published: May 2022

Жоғары оқу орындарында табысты кәсіпкерлік үлгілеріне негізделген кәсіпкерлікті оқыту тұрақты даму үшін білім беруге ықпал етуі мүмкін. Адами капитал теориясы, кәсіпкерліктің өзіндік тиімділігі және өзін-өзі анықтау теориясы сияқты бірнеше теориялық перспективалар кәсіпкерлік білім студенттердің кәсіпкерлік ниеттерімен оң байланыста болады, өйткені ол адекватты ноу-хау мен дағдыларды қамтамасыз етеді және оларды өз бизнесін дамытуға ынталандырады. кәсіпкерлік мансап. Кәсіпкерлік білім беру бағдарламаларында табысты кәсіпкерлік үлгілерімен танысу студенттердің бизнесті бастау қабілетіне деген сенімін ояту және олардың кәсіпкерлікке деген көзқарасын жақсарту үшін маңызды фактор болуы мүмкін. Кәсіпкерлік білім беру практикалық маңыздылығы мен әлемдік экономиканың әл-ауқатын жеделдетудегі рөліне байланысты зерттеу саласы ретінде дамыған. Танымалдылығына қарамастан, кәсіпкерлік білім берудің қоғамды өзгерту үшін табиғаты мен әсері толық сипатталмаған. Мақаланың мақсаты – зерттеулерге шолу жасау арқылы кәсіпкерлік білім берудегі қазіргі тенденцияларды көрсету. Бұл зерттеушілерге кәсіпкерліктің ерекше сипатын оны гиг-экономика және жұмыс орнының цифрлық трансформациясы сияқты жаңа дамып келе жатқан жұмыспен қамту тенденцияларымен байланыстыруға көмектеседі. Қазақстанда кәсіпкерлік білім беруді одан әрі ілгерілету керектігі туралы ұсыныстар саланың болашақ дамуын қалыптастыру тәсілі ретінде берілген.
Comparison of years of life lost to 1,565 suicides versus 10,650 COVID-19 deaths in 2020 in Sweden: four times more years of life lost per suicide than per COVID-19 death
Authors: Ljung Rickard , Grünewald Maria , Sundström Anders , Thunander Sundbom Lena , Zethelius Björn
Published: May 2022

Background: The burden of disease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is large; however, suicide affects the population year after year. From a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect contributors to the total burden of disease. The aim of this paper is to compare years of life lost (YLL) to suicide with those lost to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A nationwide cohort study in 2020, in Sweden. YLL was measured as the sex- and age-specific remaining life expectancy at the time of the person’s death based on the death risks that pertained to the Swedish population in 2019. YLL to suicide was compared to YLL to COVID-19 and presented by sex and age groups. Suicide deaths in 2020 were estimated as the annual average of suicides in 2015–2019.

Results: Annual average of suicide was 1,565, whereof 1,076 (68.8%) men and 489 (31.2%) women. In 2020, 10,650 persons died of COVID-19, whereof 5,681 (53.3%) men and 4,969 (46.7%) women. Estimated total YLL to suicide and COVID-19 in 2020 was 53,237 and 90,116, respectively. The COVID-19 YLL to suicide YLL ratio in 2020 was 1.69 (90,116/53,237). Men accounted for 67.1% of suicide YLL and of 56.4% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 44 years or younger accounted for 60.3% of suicide YLL and 3.9% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 75 years and older accounted for 2.9% of suicide YLL and 60.9% of COVID-19 YLL. On average, each suicide generates 34 YLL (53,237/1,565), and each COVID-19 death generates 8.5 YLL (90,116/10,650).

Conclusions: YLL to suicide affects Sweden year after year, foremost attributable to the younger age groups, whereas YLL to COVID-19 is foremost attributable to the elderly. On average, each suicide generates four times more YLL than a COVID-19 death. Enormous efforts and resources have been put on tackling the pandemic, and without these, the burden would probably have been much larger. However, from a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect other contributors to the total burden of disease where national efforts also may have an impact.
Probiotics Intervention for Mitigation of Uterine Infection in Dairy Animals -An Update
Authors: Patil D. B. , Suthar Vishal , Joshi C. G. , Dhami A. J. , Gohil Purva , Joshi Madhavi
Published: May 2022

Probiotic bacteria are an important subject to explore when it comes to inhibiting infectious bacteria, also commercially available for its usage in a variety of sectors including animals and humans. Postpartum uterine infections including metritis and endometritis are common in buffaloes and cow a major problem dairy industry, as it is associated with reduced fertility and decreased milk yield. To address this issue, the present review discusses the role of probiotics in the treatment of infectious uterus and its implications in the reproductive efficiency of dairy animals. Probiotic administration in the host has proven to improve health status by competing for the nutrient utilization of infectious microbes. The antibiotic activity of probiotic bacteria is also known to reduce stress on the host. Application of the probiotic strains has been proposed as an alternative to prevent uterine infection and inflammation. Hence, this review article summarizes the effects of probiotics on metritis and endometritis in bovines. And the current studies on probiotics with their effects on the uterus include their immunomodulatory effects on the animal host.
The Role of Medicinal Plants in Domestic Animals and Estrus Induction with Particular Reference to Aegle marmelos and Murraya Koenigii
Authors: Kujur Anju , Srivastava N. , Jasrotia Nancy , J Arunpandian
Published: May 2022

Due to malnutrition and inadequate management practices, anestrus is frequently observed in domestic animal species, particularly in rural areas. This financially crippling condition in affected animals can be mitigated using available therapeutic measures. The primary challenges with employing hormones or other medicaments for animal reproductive management are the massive price, lack of rapid assay resources, barely commercially accessible and the requirement for veterinarian care. Therefore, herbal medicines are a good alternative since they are cheap, effective, and socially acceptable and they are often the only option with little side effects. Herbal combinations can have significant beneficial effects due to the synergistic or cumulative effects of their active principles. Plants have a wide spectrum of beneficial effects in their natural state and have immense potential as a source of new medications. Traditional remedies Murraya koenigii (curry leaves) and Aegle marmelos (bael) have been shown to boost reproductive performance in lab rats, anoestrus caprine and bovines.
Quest for Identity in Never Let Me Go
Authors: Yajushi Gautam  , Dr. Shalini Dube
Published: May 2022

Kazuo Ishiguro, the world’s most important immediate writer who has produced multifarious and appealing novels with many literary awards and logical critical appreciation. Ishiguro’s works suggest to be esteemed by modern narrative embracing a gruff reality of golden way of living. The homelessness neither made him a Japanese nor an English. In 1982 he received the United States citizenship, after receiving it he considers himself as a British. He reveals that he has a small scale of facts about Japan. But his pens still set in Japan. What Ishiguro feels as a writer, is the very lack of authority and he has lack of knowledge about Japan that enforced him to employ his fancy of Japan that wound up an imaginary Japan in his creation. The existing paper deals with the theme of Identity in the novel never let me go. At Hailsham, Kathy and her friends have to wonder who they are. They do not know their family history and their place in the world.
A coupled lattice Boltzmann/finite volume method for turbulent gas-liquid bubbly flows
Authors: Lauwers Daniel , Meinke Matthias , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

The study of gas-liquid multiphase flows has been an active research topic for many decades. They occur in processes belonging to industries including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, energy, and machinery industries. As processes in these fields become more refined, there is an increasing demand for the detailed analysis and accurate prediction of such flows. There are many categories of multiphase gas-liquid flows. We consider a dispersed phase in a carrier phase, such as small gas bubbles in liquids or liquid droplets in a gas. The technical application is a pulsed electrochemical machining (PECM) process, in which gas bubbles are generated in a liquid electrolyte during the electrochemical removal of material. The simulation method is based on an Eulerian-Eulerian model for the dispersed gas-liquid bubbly flow. The conservation equations are volumetrically averaged, resulting in one set of conservation equations per phase. The liquid phase is using a Lattice-Boltzmann method, while the gas phase is modelled by a Finite-Volume method. Interface terms between the phases result in a two-way coupled system. Both methods are formulated on a shared Cartesian grid similar to the concept in [1], which facilitates the exchange of information between the two solvers and an efficient implementation on HPC hardware. This coupled multiphase approach combines the advantages of the Lattice Boltzmann method as an efficient prediction tool for low Mach number flows with those of a finite-volume method for the Navier-Stokes equation used for the phase with larger density changes. To accurately model the turbulent motion of the liquid phase on all relevant scales, a cumulant-based collision step for the Lattice-Boltzmann scheme [2] is combined with a Smagorinsky sub-grid-scale turbulence model. In the finite-volume solver, the effects of the sub-grid-scale turbulence are incorporated according to the MILES approach. For the validation of the new method, large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent bubbly flows are performed. The accuracy of the predictions is evaluated comparing the results to reference data from experiments and other simulations for generic test cases, for which good agreement is found. The applicability of the method will be demonstrated for a bubbly turbulent channel flow, which mimics the phenomena in the PECM process.
Inverse solution to the heat transfer coeffcient for the oxidized ARMCO steel plate cooling by the air nozzle from high temperature
Authors: Malinowski Zbigniew , Jasiewicz Kamil , Cebo-Rudnicka Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

The inverse solution tests have been performed to the experimental data obtained during the oxidised Armco steel plate cooling by the air nozzle. The three-dimensional numerical model of heat transfer during the plate cooling has been considered. Steel products cooled in the air from high temperatures are covered with the oxide layer having significantly lower conductivity and a different surface structure comparing to the non-oxidised metal surface. The Armco steel has been selected as the experimental material because it oxidised in a similar way to carbon steels but there is no microstructure evolution process in Armco steel below 900oC. It eliminates in the inverse solutions serious problems caused by a latent heat of microstructure evolutions encountered during carbon steel cooling. In the present study the steel plate has been heated to about 900℃ and cooled by the circular air jet. The plate temperature has been measured by 36 thermocouples. The test of the selected inverse solution models involving a different number of degrees of freedom have been performed. The influence of the scale layer on the results of the inverse solution to the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient has been investigated.
Energy-momentum time integration of gradient-based models for fiber-bending stiffness in anisotropic thermo-viscoelastic continua
Authors: Dietzsch Julian , Groß Michael , Kalaimani Iniyan
Published: May 2022

For our research, we are motivated by dynamic simulations of 3D fiber-reinforced materials in lightweight structures. In such materials, the material reinforcement is performed by fiber rovings with a separate bending stiffness, which can be modelled by a second order gradient of the deformation mapping. Therefore, we extend a thermo-viscoelastic Cauchy continuum for fiber-matrix composites with single fibers by an independent field for the gradient of the right Cauchy-Green tensor. On the other hand, we focus on numerically stable dynamic long-time simulations with locking free meshes, and thus use higher-order accurate energy-momentum schemes emanating from mixed finite element methods. Hence, we adapt the variational-based space-time finite element method to the new material formulation, and additionally include independent fields to obtain well-known mixed finite elements. As representative numerical example, Cook’s cantilever beam is considered. We primarily analyze the influence of the fiber bending stiffness, as well as the spatial and time convergence up to cubic order. Furthermore, we look at the influence of the physical dissipation in the material.
Simulation of the contact wire wear evolution in high speed overhead contact lines
Authors: Gregori Santiago , Gil Jaime , Tur Manuel , Pedrosa Ana , Fuenmayor Fco. Javier
Published: May 2022

Overhead contact line or catenary is the structure composed of support elements and wires responsible for the power supply of the locomotive through sliding contact with the pantograph. This contact causes wear not only on the pantograph contact strips but also in the contact wire, which produces a reduction on its effective section and eventually its replacement, resulting in the stop of the railway traffic with its associate economical and operational drawbacks. For this reason, it is important for catenary designers to count with appropriate tools able to predict the contact wire wear behaviour for extending the service life of the system. This work proposes a strategy to simulate the long-term contact wire wear evolution considering the mutual influence between the dynamic behaviour and wear of the system. The method is based on two pillars: the efficient simulation of the catenary-pantograph dynamic interaction [1] and a heuristic wear model [2] which considers mechanical wear due to friction and electrical wear produced by Joule effect and electric arcs. With the proposed simulation tool, we analyse the effect on the long-term contact wire height irregularity caused by wear of different parameters such as the train speed, the pantograph uplift force or the presence of installation errors in the catenary.
Rolling noise reduction through GA-based wheel shape optimization techniques
Authors: Garcia-Andrés Xavier , Gutiérrez-Gil Jorge , Andrés Víctor Tomás , Martínez-Casas José , Denia Francisco David
Published: May 2022

Railway rolling noise is nowadays a major source of acoustic pollution in urban areas, with nearly up to 12 million people daily affected in Europe by this phenomenon [1]. Hence, the search for ways of decreasing such noise radiation has become a highly active and significant research field. Following this approach, a Genetic Algorithms-based shape optimization of the railway wheel [2] is developed with the aim of minimizing rolling noise. Different approaches are considered to address the problem, such as directly minimizing radiated Sound poWer Level (SWL) or using the maximization of the natural frequencies if computational efficiency is especially critical. A parametric Finite Element model is implemented for the wheel based on the most relevant geometric parameters in rolling noise radiation. For the acoustic calculation, the sound radiation models used in the TWINS software [3] are adopted, which also accounts for the whole dynamics of the wheel/rail system. Furthermore, for every candidate wheel proposed, a structural analysis is computed in order to check design feasibility in accordance with the corresponding standard [4]. In all cases, new geometries for the wheel cross section are achieved that reduce the radiated rolling noise. REFERENCES [1]      WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, “Burden of disease from environmental noise”, WHO, Tech. Rep., 2011 [2]      X. Garcia-Andrés, J. Gutiérrez-Gil, J. Martínez-Casas and F. D. Denia, “Wheel shape optimization approaches to reduce railway rolling noise”, Struct. Multidiscipl. Optim., Vol. 62, pp. 2555-2570, (2020). [3]      D. J. Thompson, B. Hemsworth and N. Vincent, “Experimental validation of the TWINS prediction program for rolling noise, part 1: Description of the model and method”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 193 (1), pp. 123–135, (1996). [4]      UNE, “Railway applications. Wheelsets and bogies. Monobloc wheels. Technical approval procedure. Part 1: Forged and rolled wheels. UNE-EN-13979-1:2006”, Asociación Española de Normalización (UNE), Technical Standard, 2011.
Modelling delamination of a DCB test by using non-linear truss interface elements and plate elements with assumed shear strain
Authors: Hlača Ivan , Ribarić Dragan , Škec Leo , Zefreh Maedeh Ranjbar
Published: May 2022

Fracture resistance of structural adhesive joints is key for their application in the industry. Mode-I adhesive joint delamination is the most severe type of fracture and the possibility of this outcome should be avoided whenever possible. In this work we are investigating mode-I delamination of plate-like specimens, where the width is comparable to the length. In such cases anticlastic bending of the plates takes place on the debonded part and the crack front is a curve rather than a straight line. We model the interface by means of discrete non-linear truss elements with embedded exponential traction-separation law [1]. Such choice is justified because in this test, only pure mode-I (opening) displacements occur at the interface, which in our case will cause axial elongation of the truss elements. The plates are modelled using 4-node plate finite elements derived by the assumed shear strain approach that pass the general constant-bending patch test [2]. Cohesive-zone interface parameter identification is performed by a direct method (J-integral) [3] and by virtual experiments regression. Numerical tests have been performed and the exponential cohesive-zone interface model compared against the bi-linear in terms of precision, robustness and computing time. The results confirm the experimentally observed behaviour with anticlastic bending of the arms and the curved crack front.
An Isogeometric Element Formulation for Linear Two-Dimensional Elasticity Based on the Airy Equation
Authors: Held Susanne , Dornisch Wolfgang , Azizi Nima
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work is to derive a formulation for linear two-dimensional elasticity using just one degree of freedom. With the Airy stress function, a measure without further physical meaning is chosen to this single degree of freedom. The corresponding Airy equation requires higher order basis functions for the discretization of the formulation [1]. Isogeometric structural analysis (IGA) is based on shape functions of the system in Computer-Aided design (CAD) software [2]. These shape functions can fulfill the requirement of high continuity and therefore the formulation is obtained through IGA methods. Non-Uniform Rational B-splines (NURBS) are used to discretize the domain and to solve the occurring differential equations within the Galerkin method [3]. The received one-degree of freedom formulation allows to compute stresses as direct solution of the underlying system of equations. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy for a quadratic plate under standard, but also under complex loading. For constant or linear loading functions only one element is sufficient to receive the exact solution – a general advantage of using higher order basis functions. The correct convergence behaviour of the proposed formulation is proved by the -error norm for a complex load situation. Here, only a few refinement steps yield a good approximation with a very small error of the stresses.
Block strategies to compute the lambda modes associated with the neutron diffusion equation
Authors: Carreño Amanda , Vidal Ferrándiz Antoni , Ginestar Peiró Damián , Verdú Gumersindo
Published: May 2022

Given a configuration of a nuclear reactor core, the neutronic distribution of the power can beapproximated by means of the multigroup neutron diffusion equation. This is an approximationof the neutron transport equation that assumes that the neutron current is proportional to thegradient of the scalar neutron ux with a diffusion coeffcient [1]. This approximation is known asthe Fick's first law. To define the steady-state problem, the criticality of the system must be forced.In this work, the -modes problem is used. That yields a generalized eigenvalue problem whoseeigenvector associated with the dominant eigenvalue represents the distribution of the neutron uxin steady-state.The spatial discretization of the equation is made by a continuous Galerkin high order finite elementmethod is applied [2] to obtain an algebraic eigenvalue problem. Usually, the matrices obtainedfrom the discretization are huge and sparse. Moreover, they have a block structure given by the different number of energy groups. In this work, block strategies are developed to optimize thecomputation of the associated eigenvalue problems.First, different block eigenvalue solvers are studied. On the other hand, the convergence of theseiterative methods mainly depends on the initial guess and the preconditioner used. In this sense,different multilevel techniques to accelerate the rate of convergence are proposed. Finally, the sizeof the problems can be suffciently large to be unfeasible to be solved in personal computers. Thus,a matrix-free methodology that avoids the allocation of the matrices in memory is applied [3].Three-dimensional benchmarks are used to show the effciency of the methodology proposed.REFERENCES[1] Stacey, W. M. Nuclear reactor physics (Vol. 2). Weinheim: wiley-vch, 2018[2] Vidal-Ferrandiz, A., Fayez, R., Ginestar, D., and Verdú, G. Solution of the Lambda modesproblem of a nuclear power reactor using an h-p finite element method. Annals of NuclearEnergy, 72, pp. 338{349, 2018[3] Carreño Sánchez, A. M. Integration methods for the time dependent neutron diffusion equationand other approximations of the neutron transport equation. Doctoral dissertation, 2020.
“...And, Death once dead, there’s no more dying then”. Creating an Easel Painting of the Three Fates of Greek Mythology
Authors: Nadezhdina Elizaveta Alekseevna
Published: May 2022

SA продолжает публиковать лучшие дипломные работы выпускников Академии акварели и изящных искусств Сергея Андрияки. Предлагаем вниманию читателей диплом выпускницы 2021 года Надеждиной Елизаветы - станковую картину «Парки».
On Late Northern Icon Paintings
Authors: Zelenina Yana Ernestovna
Published: May 2022

Рецензия на книгу: Кольцова Т. М. Церковная живопись Архангельской губернии второй половины XVIII - начала XX века: История, памятники, мастера. СПб.: Дмитрий Буланин, 2020. 432 с. [текст, ил.], 80 с. [цв. вкл.]. ISBN 978-5-86007-941-0
Movement, Settlement and Land-use by the Akamba of Machakos County up to c.1895 in Kenya.
Authors: Dr. Edwin Gimode. Lydia K. Muendo;
Published: May 2022

This article is an introduction to the environmental history of Machakos County. It creates a background to an investigation of the impact of colonial rule on the County’s environmental history. The theoretical perspective of political ecology was applied in the understanding of the relationship between the Machakos Akamba and their environment in the pre-colonial period in this article. Political institutions developed by the Akamba were patterned according to land-use systems. Data for the article was drawn from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included archival records at the Kenya National Archives and oral interviews. Secondary data was collected using both unpublished and published works. Descriptive data analysis using qualitative methods of content analysis was applied. In analysing the pre-colonial history of the Akamba the study concluded that the community remained in contact with other communities, especially the Maasai and Kikuyu and later with the Swahili and Arab traders. The entry of colonial rule altered these relations. This led to changes in the social organisation and adaptation to environmental conditions through the acceleration of trade, migration and raiding activities. As the community was still adapting, colonial rule halted the re-organisation process of the community’s socio-political and economic systems. The study’s recommendations are directed to an examination of the establishment of colonial rule in Machakos County and its impact on environmental change and adaptation.
Basic Money Management Skills and Financial Decision Making: A Survey of Small Scale Trading Enterprises Owners in Kamwangi Market of Gatundu North Constituency in Kenya.
Authors: Dr Patrick Kibati.
Published: May 2022

This paper examines the effect of basic money management skills and financial decision making. It is a survey of small scale trading enterprises owners in Kamwangi market of Gatundu north constituency in Kenya. The need for basic money management skills has become increasingly significant with the more accessible access to credit and the ready issue of credit cards. A descriptive research design was adopted. This was because the study was primarily focused on establishing Kenyans’ basic money management skills and describing the critical variables associated with them. A sample of one hundred and sixty small scale trading enterprises owners was drawn as guided by the Yamane formula. Forty of the questionnaires were not returned, and attempts to follow them up were unsuccessful. Therefore, the results are based on the one hundred and twenty returned questionnaires produced. The data was collected by the use of the closed-ended questionnaire. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. It was then presented employing frequency distribution methods involving tables and bar charts. Most traders do not possess basic money management skills from the study’s findings. The county government should engage traders in basic money management skills through the relevant ministry.
Challenges of Acquiring Non-Projected Media Resources for Teaching in Secondary Schools in Kenya.
Authors: Charles Kibet Kiptum
Published: May 2022

This study sought to analyze the constraints in acquisition and use of non-projected media resources in teaching Geography in public secondary schools in Koibatek S. A sample of 70 Geography teachers, 35 head teachers and 314 students were sampled using purposive and stratified random sampling. Data collection was done by use of questionnaires, observation and content analysis. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical methods. The results were then presented in pie charts, graphs and tables. The study established that most schools had non-projected resources, though a limited supply and were rarely used. However, some schools lacked some important resources such as Geography rooms, facilities for fieldwork, weather station and library services. Constraints emanating from heavy workload, heavy curriculum and inept administration were found to undermine to effective use of these resources in teaching Geography. The study has recommended for an urgent review of curriculum and increased supervision to ensure that curriculum is hilly implemented, and refresher courses be given to teachers on the use of these resources There have been concerns over declining performance in Geography at national examination, especially areas that test students’ knowledge of field work, map work and physical Geography. Coincidentally these are the areas where non-projected media resources are most used. Yet few studies done in Geography have not adequately examined the non-projected media resources despite their critical role in the teaching of Geography.
An Audit of Food Safety Standards and Guidelines Implementation in Public Mixed Boarding Secondary Schools in Kenya.
Authors: Prof. Henry K. Kiplangat; Dr. Betty J. Tikoko PhD. Sigei Jackline;
Published: May 2022

The objective of this paper was to find out the relationship between the implementation of safety standards and guidelines for food safety and student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. Invitational Theory and Systems Theory guided the study. The target population included 2130 Form 4 students, 16 principals, 18 deputy principals representing all 16 public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru, Kenya. The study applied a descriptive survey design. A census approach was used. A stratified sampling technique was used in categorising the population into three strata; principals, deputy principals, and Form 4 students. Principals and deputy principals were selected using the purposive sampling technique, while the students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires, interview schedules and observation checklist was used in data collection. Data analysis was performed using tools in the SPSS version 22. The analysis involved computation of descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages, and inferential statistics: Pearson Correlation. The data was later presented in tables and textually. The study discovered that implementation of Safety Standards and Guidelines for Food Safety has a statistically significant relationship with student safety in public mixed boarding secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study recommended that the government to allocate funds to the schools so that adequate food storage facilities can be constructed. The school management should ensure that all the learners with special dietary needs are offered an alternative diet.
Relationship between Discipline Cultures and Students' Retention in Chartered Christian Universities in Kenya.
Authors: John Kiptanui Kitur.
Published: May 2022

This study sought to address the Relationship between Discipline Cultures and Students' Retention in Chartered Christian Universities in Kenya. The study was based on the Students' Integration Theory by Tinto (1993) and the Cultural Model of Educational Management by Bush (2011). The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study found that religious cultures were related to student retention (r=0.482; p=0.000). The study recommends that chartered Christian universities in Kenya take advantage of their religious cultures and develop policies to strengthen the existing cultures as they develop new ones. The study recommends further that the Ministry of Education develop policies that could facilitate student retention and review the existing guidelines on students' retention in institutions of higher learning in Kenya and beyond. In addition, studies are recommended in other Christian universities that did not start as theological colleges and other private universities in public universities to establish the relationship between religious cultures and student retention.
Communities' Perceptions on Covid-19 Health Risk Communication and Behaviour Change: A Study of Communities' Engagement during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.
Authors: Dr. Diana M. Mutuku. Dr. Virginia M. Paul-Mutei;
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to investigate the communities’ perceptions on health risk communication on covid-19 prevention, treatment and management in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a social constructivist-interpretive philosophical worldview and a qualitative-case study design. The target population comprised the ministry of health representatives, communities' elders (both men and women), men and women, health workers (doctors, nurses, and public health workers), youth and youth leaders, media & business community representatives. A sample size of 60 participants was selected. Purposive, quota and snowball sampling techniques were used. Data generation techniques were in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation. Data were analysed thematically. Key findings indicate that communities’ perceived public health communication as having empowered communities in understanding the pandemic preventive and control measures; however, they did not trust the public health agencies due to communication gaps on testing, isolation and treatment. This influenced how they implemented the risk messages. The study concludes that for effective communication to yield the desired behaviour and attitude changes expected by the ministry on covid-19, there was a need to adopt a more behavioural and social communication framework that resonates with people's values, beliefs, priorities, resources and social, cultural and material circumstances. This paper recommends the use of participatory communication media in risk communication such as dialogue, alongside the top-down communication inform of directives with a focus on communication for behavioural impact.