bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and validation of a novel NAD+ metabolism‐related risk model for prognostic prediction in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yu Ronghui , Lu Gang , Cheng Banghong , Li Junhong , Jiang Qiqing , Lan Xia
Published: December 2023

Currently, the prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS) remains discouraging, especially in elderly/metastatic OS patients. By impairing the antitumor effect of immune cells, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) provides an environment conducive to tumor proliferation, which highly requires accelerated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism for energy. Recently, many genes involved in the sustained production of NAD+ in malignant tumors have been verified to be possible prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Therefore, the current study was to probe into the association of NAD+ metabolism‐related genes with TIME, immunotherapeutic response, and prognosis in OS. All OS data for the study were acquired from TARGET and GEO databases. In bioinformatics analysis, we performed Cox analysis, consensus clustering, principal component analysis, t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, uniform manifold approximation and projection, gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, Lasso analysis, survival and ROC curves, nomogram, immune‐related analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analysis. Cell transfection assay, RT‐qPCR, western blot analysis, as well as cell wound healing, migration, and invasion assays were performed in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis identified A&B clusters and six NAD+ metabolism‐related differentially expressed genes, constructed risk model and nomogram, and performed immune‐related analysis, drug susceptibility analysis, and scRNA‐seq analysis to inform the clinical treatment framework. In vitro experiment revealed that CBS and INPP1 can promote migration, proliferation as well as invasion of OS cells through TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation, this study confirmed that NAD+ metabolism affects TIME to suggest the prognosis of OS.
2023 Radiation oncology highlights
Authors: Salerno Kilian E. , Das Prajnan , Yu James B.
Published: December 2023

Radiation oncology plays an important role in the local treatment of cancers. Understanding recent advances in the application of radiation therapy to solid tumors is important for all disciplines. The radiation oncology section editors for this journal have selected the following articles for their overall significance, relevance to surgical oncologists, and to illustrate important concepts within the practice of radiation oncology.
Research on the diffusion of green innovation behavior based on complex network evolutionary game
Authors: Chen Xiaoya , Yang Weiwei , Zhang Renjie
Published: December 2023

The strategic choice of green innovation subjects and the evolution of green innovation networks have a two‐way feedback effect. This study aims to construct a comprehensive framework for analyzing the evolution of green innovation networks from micro to macro levels. The gravity model demonstrates the structural complexity of green innovation networks. Additionally, an evolutionary game model based on green innovation networks is constructed to discuss the network's diffusion mechanism of green innovation behavior and its influence on network characteristic indicators. The research findings reveal that (1) the green innovation networks in China exhibit a continuous growth trend but the connectivity of urban nodes varies significantly; (2) the green innovation network's marginal nodes are the “vulnerable groups” in the evolutionary game and the active green innovation strategy cannot be completely spread; and (3) the cost of passive green innovation and the demand for green consumption are the internal and external driving forces that promote the spread of the active green innovation strategy in the network. Finally, this study concludes with several suggestions, including the establishment of a mechanism to promote green innovation reform with the city, industry, and enterprises as the node, fulcrum, and focus, respectively. Additionally, it suggests increasing domestic demand for green consumption. These findings and suggestions can provide a reference for the development of green innovation in other countries or regions.
Application of machine learning in the investigation of entropy generation incurred during electroosmotic flows of Casson nanofluid
Authors: Chand Madhusmita , Tripathi Rajat
Published: December 2023

The present research article delves into the application of machine learning techniques in the study of entropy generation arising from the electro‐MHD Casson nanofluid flow in a symmetric microchannel. The inertial effect on fluid flow through a non‐Darcy porous medium is considered where we have taken into account the velocity, thermal, and concentration slips at boundaries. The resulting system of PDEs is converted to system of ODEs using appropriate wave frame transformations. The metamorphosed system is solved using bvp4c routine of MATLAB. The impact of several factors represented by respective parameters on velocity, nanofluid temperature, fraction of nanoparticles, entropy generation, and Bejan number are shown through graphs. This study also employs a machine learning technique in which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used in conjunction with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop a predictive model capable of optimizing entropy generation within this specific fluidic context. Such an analysis could be useful in determining the optimum entropy generation in pulsatile transport of physiological fluid through intestine. With the use of above mentioned machine learning technique, the considered model offers the minimum entropy generation for specific values of the electroosmotic parameter, dimensionless temperature difference, and velocity slip parameter. It is observed that the flow with minimum electroosmosis effect and maintained at a specific velocity slip gives the optimal entropy generation.
Resolution enhancement, noise suppression, and joint T2* decay estimation in dual‐echo sodium‐23 MR imaging using anatomically guided reconstruction
Authors: Schramm Georg , Filipovic Marina , Qian Yongxian , Alivar Alaleh , Lui Yvonne W. , Nuyts Johan , Boada Fernando
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Sodium MRI is challenging because of the low tissue concentration of the23Na nucleus and its extremely fast biexponential transverse relaxation rate. In this article, we present an iterative reconstruction framework using dual‐echo23Na data and exploiting anatomical prior information (AGR) from high‐resolution, low‐noise,1H MR images. This framework enables the estimation and modeling of the spatially varying signal decay due to transverse relaxation during readout (AGRdm), which leads to images of better resolution and reduced noise resulting in improved quantification of the reconstructed23Na images.

Methods

The proposed framework was evaluated using reconstructions of 30 noise realizations of realistic simulations of dual echo twisted projection imaging (TPI)23Na data. Moreover, three dual echo23Na TPI brain datasets of healthy controls acquired on a 3T Siemens Prisma system were reconstructed using conventional reconstruction, AGR and AGRdm.

Results

Our simulations show that compared to conventional reconstructions, AGR and AGRdm show improved bias‐noise characteristics in several regions of the brain. Moreover, AGR and AGRdm images show more anatomical detail and less noise in the reconstructions of the experimental data sets. Compared to AGR and the conventional reconstruction, AGRdm shows higher contrast in the sodium concentration ratio between gray and white matter and between gray matter and the brain stem.

Conclusion

AGR and AGRdm generate23Na images with high resolution, high levels of anatomical detail, and low levels of noise, potentially enabling high‐quality23Na MR imaging at 3T.
Can we improve techniques and patients' selection for nerve stimulation suitable for lower urinary tract dysfunctions? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Mancini Vito , Damaser Margot S. , Chermansky Christopher , Ochoa Carolina D. , Hashim Hashim , Przydacz Mikolaj , Hervé François , Martino Leonardo , Abrams Paul
Published: December 2023

Aims

Lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD) are very common and, importantly, affect patients' quality of life (QoL). LUTD can range from urinary retention to urgency incontinence and includes a variety of symptoms. Nerve stimulation (NS) is an accepted widespread treatment with documented success for LUTD and is used widely. The aim of this review is to report the results of the discussion about how to improve the outcomes of NS for LUTD treatment.

Methods

During its 2023 meeting in Bristol, the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society discussed a literature review, and there was an expert consensus discussion focused on the emerging awareness of NS suitable for LUTD.

Results

The consensus discussed how to improve techniques and patients' selection in NS, and high‐priority research questions were identified.

Conclusions

Technique improvement, device programming, and patient selection are the goals of the current approach to NS. The conditional nerve stimulation with minimally invasive wireless systems and tailored algorithms hold promise for improving NS for LUTD, particularly for patients with neurogenic bladder who represent the new extended population to be treated.
Tunable tension tape versus transobturator tape in treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kubin Nikita , Shakhaliev Rustam , Labetov Ivan , Kovalev Gleb , Shulgin Andrei , Nuriev Alexey , Shkarupa Dmitry
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The synthetic mid‐urethral slings are currently considered to be the most widely used technique for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The most challenging aspect of the existing approaches is to achieve the optimal tension of the sling which treatment results are directly dependent on. To solve this problem, sling systems enabling an adjustment of the tension in the early postoperative period were created. A comparative study of the effectiveness and safety of such a system and a nonadjustable sling seems to be a relevant task.

Materials and Methods

A double‐blind, randomized, multicenter trial enrolled 320 patients with a mean age of 55.2 ± 11.2 years and confirmed SUI. Patients were randomized into two groups: the first group underwent a standard synthetic suburethral sling (transobturator tape [TOT]) procedure and the second group underwent a tunable tension tape sling (TTT) procedure. All patients underwent stress test, uroflowmetry and ultrasound scan to determine the postvoid residual volume. Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form 6, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire 12 questionnaires were used to assess subjective efficacy.

Results

Enhancement of prosthesis tension in the second group was required in 44 (28%) patients. Due to the possibility of tightening of the sling in the early postoperative period, the operation was effective in 143 (89%) patients in the adjustable sling group and in 109 (68%) patients in Group 1, p < 0.001. Loosening of the sling tension was performed in 25 (16%) patients in Group 2. The signs of obstructive voiding symptoms at the follow‐up time of 36 months remained in Group 1 in 13 (8%) patients. Subjective satisfaction with treatment on the PGI‐I scale was higher in Group 2: 100 (62%) versus 132 (82%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion

A synthetic mid‐urethral TTT is superior to a standard nonadjustable sling in long‐term effectiveness and safety.
Low Bone Mineral Density and the Risk of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Li Junhong , Yu Libo , An Ping , Pang Wendu , Yan Xiaohong , Deng Di , Song Yao , Mao Minzi , Qiu Ke , Rao Yufang , Cheng Danni , Zhang Yuyang , Feng Lan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Ziyan , Zheng Yongbo , Xu Wei , Ren Jianjun , Zhao Yu
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between low bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) based on the large prospective population‐based UK Biobank (UKB) cohort.

Study Design

Prospective population‐based cohort study.

Setting

The UKB.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included UKB participants recruited between 2006 and 2010 who had information on BMD and did not have BPPV before being diagnosed with low BMD. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between low BMD (overall low BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) and BPPV. We further conducted sex and age subgroup analysis, respectively. Finally, the effects of antiosteoporosis and female sex hormone medications on BPPV in participants with osteoporosis were evaluated.

Results

In total, 484,303 participants were included in the final analysis, and 985 developed BPPV after a maximum follow‐up period of 15 years. Osteoporosis was associated with a higher risk of BPPV (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, P = .0094), whereas osteopenia was not. Subgroup analyses suggested that the association between osteoporosis and BPPV was significant only in elderly females (≥60 years, OR = 1.51, P = .0007). However, no association was observed between antiosteoporosis or female sex hormone medications and BPPV in the participants with osteoporosis.

Conclusion

Osteoporosis was associated with a higher risk of developing general BPPV, especially in females aged ≥ 60 years old, whereas osteopenia was not associated with BPPV.
Medicaid generosity and food hardship among children
Authors: Moellman Nicholas , Vaughn Cody N.
Published: December 2023

We explore the role of the largest means‐tested transfer program, Medicaid, on multiple measures of food hardship among households with children, including measures that capture hardship explicitly experienced by children. Using data from the 2001 to 2020 waves of the December Current Population Survey, we identify the effect of having a Medicaid‐eligible child on household food hardship by exploiting between‐state, over‐time, and between‐household income eligibility criteria. We find that having an eligible child reduces rates of household food insecurity and very low food security by 20% and 26%, respectively. Among children themselves, eligibility reduces rates of food insecurity and very low food security by 22% each. The effects are stronger for households headed by Black and Hispanic individuals as well as households that have children under 6 years old.
Fabrication of solid polymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl cellulose complexed with lithium acetate salt as Lithium‐ion battery separator
Authors: Darmawan Dhea Afrisa , Yulianti Evi , Sabrina Qolby , Ishida Kensuke , Sakti Aditya Wibawa , Nakai Hiromi , Pramono Edi , Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo
Published: December 2023

Polymer electrolyte is a crucial component of solid‐state‐lithium‐ion batteries that role both as separators and electrolytes. The host polymer and lithium salt selection are crucial for producing a solid polymer electrolyte with optimum characteristics. This research aims to study the effect of lithium acetate (LiCH3COO) salt on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based solid polymer electrolytes. The LiCH3COO‐complexed CMC solid polymer electrolyte was prepared using the solution casting method with various weight percentages of LiCH3COO, that is, 0%wt, 10%wt, 20%wt, and 30%wt. The ionic conductivity analysis was conducted by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), infrared analysis by Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR), mechanical analysis, crystallinity degree analysis with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The interaction between Li+ ions and CMC enhanced ionic conductivity, decreased mechanical strength, reduced crystallinity degree, and lowered thermal properties. The CMC/LiCH3COO (70/30) SPE was selected as the optimum condition because it exhibited good ionic conductivity and sufficient thermal stability, while it needs a mechanical strength improvement. Molecular dynamics simulations were also performed at the density‐functional tight‐binding (DFTB) level to unravel the molecular mechanism of the Li‐ion hopping in CMC. The CMC/LiCH3COO (70/30) showed the highest electrochemical window as high as 3.5 V. Based on the results, CMC complexed with 30 (%wt) LiCH3COO salt showed high potential as a polymer electrolyte for lithium‐ion battery applications.

Highlights

Fabrication of solid polymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl cellulose complexed with lithium acetate salt was conducted by simple casting solution method.

The 30%wt LiCH3COO into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐polymer host showed the highest ionic conductivity of 2.47 × 10−5 S cm−1.

The 30%wt LiCH3COO‐complexed CMC shows some degradation peaks, they are water evaporation, decomplexation, depolymerization, melting, and completely degraded.

The density‐functional tight‐binding method suggests that the Li‐ions hop both in perpendicular and parallel directions of the cellulose layers.

The CMC/LiCH3COO (70/30) showed the highest electrochemical window as high as 3.5 V.
Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis: Noninvasive prenatal testing should replace other screening strategies for fetal trisomies 13, 18, 21
Authors: Pandya Pranav , Levy Brynn , Sistermans Erik A.
Published: December 2023

This is a written summary of the oral debate presented at the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis annual conference in Edinburgh in 2023. The topic under debate is whether noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell‐free fetal DNA should replace other screening strategies for the detection of fetal trisomies 13, 18, 21. There is no disagreement that NIPT is far more sensitive and has better positive predictive values for identifying trisomies 13, 18, and 21 than traditional screening approaches using biochemical markers and measurement of nuchal translucency. The major issue lies in the potential adverse consequences associated with abandoning traditional screening methods. The source of disagreement stems primarily from whether you consider the role of ultrasound in the context of screening to be strictly for nuchal translucency measurement or whether it should be combined with a fetal anatomy scan. The debate featured two experts who presented evidence in favor of each argument.
Fear of cancer recurrence in ovarian cancer caregivers: A qualitative study
Authors: Webb Kyra , Sharpe Louise , Russell Hayley , Shaw Joanne
Published: December 2023

Aim

Although there is growing research exploring survivor fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), little is known about caregiver FCR. To date, examination of caregiver FCR has largely been conducted through the lens of survivor conceptualisations, limiting the development of caregiver‐specific models, measures, and interventions. This study aimed to explore experiences of FCR among caregivers of people with ovarian cancer.

Methods

Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with caregivers of people with ovarian cancer. Participants, recruited through Ovarian Cancer Australia, also completed an online survey collecting participant and patient demographic characteristics, information about the survivor's disease and caregiver levels of FCR using the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (Caregiver) (FCRI‐c). Qualitative interviews explored caregiver fears, how fears and concerns were experienced and the frequency and timing of FCR. Thematic analysis using a Framework Approach was used to analyse the results.

Results

Twenty‐four caregivers (54% male) participated in an interview. Most caregivers were providing care for their partner (n = 14). Thematic analysis identified four inter‐related themes and associated sub‐themes: (1) Fear and uncertainty; (2) Liminality; (3) Hopelessness and (4) Caregiver's protection of the person and self (caregiver's role as protector). Underpinning these themes was an overarching fear of one's family member dying.

Conclusions

Caregivers supporting people with ovarian cancer experience worries and concerns related to cancer recurrence or progression. These experiences are conceptually different to survivor experiences. Fear of one's family member dying, and the dual nature of caregiver protection/self‐protection mean it is imperative that interventions are tailored specifically to caregiver needs. Future research facilitating the development of appropriate measures and interventions is essential to reduce caregiver FCR.
Implementing a nurse‐led screening clinic for symptom distress with community‐based referral for cancer survivors: A feasibility study
Authors: Lam Wendy Wing Tak , Ng Danielle W. L. , Fielding Richard , Sin Vivian , Tsang Catherine , Chan Wendy W. L. , Foo Chi Chung , Kwong Ava , Chan Karen K. L.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

This prospective, single‐arm, pragmatic implementation study evaluated the feasibility of a nurse‐led symptom‐screening program embedded in routine oncology post‐treatment outpatient clinics by assessing (1) the acceptance rate for symptom distress screening (SDS), (2) the prevalence of SDS cases, (3) the acceptance rate for community‐based psychosocial support services, and (4) the effect of referred psychosocial support services on reducing symptom distress.

Methods

Using the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS‐r), we screened patients who recently completed cancer treatment. Patients screening positive for moderate‐to‐severe symptom distress were referred to a nurse‐led community‐based symptom‐management program involving stepped‐care symptom/psychosocial management interventions using a pre‐defined triage system. Reassessments were conducted at 3‐months and 9‐months thereafter. The primary outcomes included SDS acceptance rate, SDS case prevalence, intervention acceptance rate, and ESAS‐r score change over time.

Results

Overall, 2988/3742(80%) eligible patients consented to SDS, with 970(32%) reporting ≥1 ESAS‐r symptom as moderate‐to‐severe (caseness). All cases received psychoeducational material, 673/970(69%) accepted psychosocial support service referrals. Among 328 patients completing both reassessments, ESAS‐r scores improved significantly over time (p < 0.0001); 101(30.8%) of patients remained ESAS cases throughout the study, 112(34.1%) recovered at 3‐month post‐baseline, an additional 72(22%) recovered at 9‐month post‐baseline, while 43(12.2%) had resumed ESAS caseness at 9‐month post‐baseline.

Conclusion

Nurse‐led SDS programs with well‐structured referral pathways to community‐based services and continued monitoring are feasible and acceptable in cancer patients and may help in reducing symptom distress. We intend next to develop optimal strategies for SDS implementation and referral within routine cancer care services.
Evaluation of the potential impact on pharmacokinetics of various cytochrome P450 substrates of increasing IL‐6 levels following administration of the T‐cell bispecific engager glofitamab
Authors: Djebli Nassim , Parrott Neil , Jaminion Felix , O'Jeanson Amaury , Guerini Elena , Carlile David
Published: December 2023

Glofitamab is a novel T cell bispecific antibody developed for treatment of relapsed‐refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and other non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma indications. By simultaneously binding human CD20‐expressing tumor cells and CD3 on T cells, glofitamab induces tumor cell lysis, in addition to T‐cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine release. Here, we describe physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling performed to assess the impact of glofitamab‐associated transient increases in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) on the pharmacokinetics of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates. By refinement of a previously described IL‐6 model and inclusion of in vitro CYP suppression data for CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and 2C9, a PBPK model was established in Simcyp to capture the induced IL‐6 levels seen when glofitamab is administered at the intended dose and dosing regimen. Following model qualification, the PBPK model was used to predict the potential impact of CYP suppression on exposures of various CYP probe substrates. PBPK analysis predicted that, in the worst‐case, the transient elevation of IL‐6 would increase exposures of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2 substrates by less than or equal to twofold. Increases for CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2 substrates were projected to be 1.75, 1.19, and 1.09‐fold following the first administration and 2.08, 1.28, and 1.49‐fold following repeated administrations. It is recommended that there are no restrictions on concomitant treatment with any other drugs. Consideration may be given for potential drug–drug interaction during the first cycle in patients who are receiving concomitant CYP substrates with a narrow therapeutic index via monitoring for toxicity or for drug concentrations.
Development of Physiologically Relevant Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Shafiee Abbas , Sun Jane , Ahmed Imaan A. , Phua Felicia , Rossi Gustavo R. , Lin Cheng‐Yu , Souza‐Fonseca‐Guimaraes Fernando , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Brown Jason , Khosrotehrani Kiarash
Published: December 2023

The development of skin organs for studying developmental pathways, modeling diseases, or regenerative medicine purposes is a major endeavor in the field. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are successfully used to derive skin cells, but the field is still far from meeting the goal of creating skin containing appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Here, the goal is to generate skin organoids (SKOs) from human skin fibroblast or placental CD34+ cell‐derived hiPSCs. With all three hiPSC lines, complex SKOs with stratified skin layers and pigmented hair follicles are generated with different efficacies. In addition, the hiPSC‐derived SKOs develop sebaceous glands, touch‐receptive Merkel cells, and more importantly eccrine sweat glands. Together, physiologically relevant skin organoids are developed by direct induction of embryoid body formation, along with simultaneous inactivation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling, and inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways. The skin organoids created in this study can be used as valuable platforms for further research into human skin development, disease modeling, or reconstructive surgeries.
Platelet Membrane‐Derived Nanodiscs for Neutralization of Endogenous Autoantibodies and Exogenous Virulence Factors
Authors: Sun Lei , Yu Yiyan , Peng Yifei , Wang Dan , Wang Shuyan , Noh Ilkoo , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Zhang Liangfang
Published: December 2023

The multifaceted functions of platelets in various physiological processes have long inspired the development of therapeutic nanoparticles that mimic specific platelet features for disease treatment. Here, the development and characterization of platelet membrane‐derived nanodiscs (PLT‐NDs) as platelet decoys for biological neutralization is reported. In one application, PLT‐NDs effectively bind with anti‐platelet autoantibodies, thus blocking them from interacting with platelets. In a mouse model of thrombocytopenia, PLT‐NDs successfully neutralize pathological anti‐platelet antibodies, preventing platelet depletion and maintaining hemostasis. In another application, PLT‐NDs effectively neutralize the cytotoxicity of bacterial virulence factors secreted by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In a mouse model of MRSA infection, treatment with PLT‐NDs leads to significant survival benefits for the infected mice. Additionally, PLT‐NDs show good biocompatibility and biosafety, as demonstrated in acute toxicity studies conducted in mice. These findings underscore the potential of PLT‐NDs as a promising platelet mimicry for neutralizing various biological agents that target platelets. Overall, this work expands the repertoire of platelet‐mimicking nanomedicine by creating a unique disc‐like nanostructure made of natural platelet membranes.
High‐Throughput Deposition of Recyclable SnO2 Electrodes toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ling Xufeng , Guo Junjun , Shen Chengxia , Li Yiping , Tian Hongxing , Yuan Xiangbao , Gui Lin , Zhang Xuliang , Li Bin , Chen Shijian , Li Ru , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli , Deng Yehao
Published: December 2023

Chemical bath deposited (CBD) SnO2 is one of the most prevailing electron transport layers for realizing high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) so far. However, the state‐of‐the‐art CBD SnO2 process is time‐consuming, contradictory to its prospect in industrialization. Herein, a simplified yet efficient method is developed for the fast deposition of SnO2 electrodes by incorporating a concentrated Sn source stabilized by the ethanol ligand with antimony (Sb) doping. The higher concentration of Sn source promotes the deposition rate, and Sb doping improves the hole‐blocking capability of the CBD SnO2 layer so that its target thickness can be reduced to further save the deposition time. As a result, the deposition time can be appreciably reduced from 3–4 h to only 5 min while maintaining 95% of the maximum efficiency, indicating the power of the method toward high‐throughput production of efficient PSCs. Additionally, the CBD SnO2 substrates are recyclable after removing the upper layers of complete PSCs, and the refurbished PSCs can maintain ≈98% of their initial efficiency after three recycling‐and‐fabrication processes.
Targetedly Attenuating Cancer Stemness and Plasticity by Homologous Cancer Stem Cell‐Inherited Fusion Membrane Nanoeffectors against Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Dong Xiulin , Yang Qiaoling , Wang Hai , Zhu Chunyan , Wang Taixia , Fang Chao , Zhang Yan , Yang Jianjun , Zhang Kun , Zhao Qing
Published: December 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly related to initiate metastasis and drive tumor relapse/propagation, and the induced cancer stemness and plasticity render cancer intractable to various therapeutic approaches. To address them, a CSC membrane‐based fusion strategy is presented to target and attenuate cancer stemness and plasticity, and accordingly homogenous CSC‐inherited fusion membrane‐coated biomimetic nanoeffectors based on doxorubicin‐loaded hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are engineered. Such biomimetic nanoeffectors coated with fusion membrane consisting of CSCs and cancer cells can not only specifically target the solid breast tumor cells, but also target the latent CSCs. Systematic experiments validate that the constructed nanoeffectors disrupt energy metabolism, trigger lethal mitochondrial apoptosis, remarkably inhibit tumor proliferation, and downregulate the expressions of some target proteins associated with cancer stemness and metastasis to attenuate cancer stemness and the induced plasticity. Contributed by them, such nanoeffectors have been demonstrated to successfully hinder the progression of breast cancer, and decrease lung metastasis in two cancer metastasis mouse models. Such CSCs membrane‐based fusion membrane strategy provides a new candidate avenue rather than the currently dominant immune‐related pathway to repress cancer metastasis via targeting and attenuating cancer stemness.
Nanodomain Control in Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes via Nanomaterial Footprinting
Authors: Hardian Rifan , Abdulhamid Mahmoud. A. , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: December 2023

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes, fabricated via pyrolysis, are attracting attention owing to their stability under harsh environments, including high temperatures, organic media, and extreme pH. Herein, the fabrication of composite CMS (CCMS) membranes by incorporating sphere‐shaped C60(OH) and ellipsoid‐shaped C70(OH) fullerenol nanomaterials into intrinsically microporous 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride 3,3′‐dimethyl‐naphthidine polyimide is reported. The encapsulation of the nanomaterials by the polymer matrix, their chemical footprint, and the variation in the local chemistry of the pyrolyzed membranes are successfully revealed via nanodomain analysis using nano‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The incorporation of fullerenol nanomaterials into CMS membranes can induce the formation of fractional free volume upon pyrolysis, which can translate into molecular sieving enhancement. The effects of the concentration and geometrical shape of the fullerenol nanomaterials are successfully correlated with the membrane separation performance. The CCMS membranes demonstrate excellent stability and pharmaceutical and dye separation performance in organic media. Herein, nanodomain control is pioneered in CCMS membranes via nanomaterial footprinting to induce porosity during pyrolysis and subsequent control molecular sieving performance.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel‐Based Optical Fiber Probe for Continuous Glucose Sensing
Authors: Ahmed Israr , El Turk Said , Al Ghaferi Amal , Samad Yarjan Abdul , Butt Haider
Published: December 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a substantial global health concern due to elevated blood glucose levels, necessitating an affordable, rapid, and reliable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) solution. In this pursuit, a pioneering approach is introduced utilizing optical fiber (OF) sensors based on nanocomposite photonic hydrogel functionalized with phenylboronic acid (PBA) for precise CGM. The fabrication of OF sensors involves a streamlined process, involving one‐step polymerization of PBA‐based hydrogel onto a commercial fiber tip and the integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a simple dipping process. These sensors offer robust performance within the physiological glucose range (0–20 mm), exhibiting a remarkable 25% increase in transmission intensity and a 4 nm blue shift in the surface plasmon resonance with increasing glucose concentration. Additionally, there is a noticeable elevation in reflection intensity, affirming the sensor's suitability for remote sensing applications. These results are further validated using a green laser, underlining the method's reliability. The sensors exhibit a swift 30 s response time, followed by a 5 min saturation period, for all measurements. Practicality is demonstrated through smartphone readouts, utilizing the phone's photodiode to measure optical power changes concerning various glucose concentrations. These OF sensors hold great promise for CGM integration, enhancing diabetic management.
Constraint Coupling of Redox Cascade and Electron Transfer Synchronization on Electrode‐Nanosensor Interface for Repeatable Detection of Tumor Biomarkers
Authors: Xie Xiyue , Jin Kaifei , Wang Zhenqiang , Wang Shuai , Zhu Jing , Huang Jixi , Tang Shuqi , Cai Kaiyong , Zhang Jixi
Published: December 2023

Quantitative analysis of up‐regulated biomarkers in pathological tissues is helpful to tumor surgery yet the loss of biomarker extraction and time‐consuming operation limited the accurate and quick judgement in preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis. Herein, an immobilization‐free electrochemical sensing platform is developed by constraint coupling of electron transfer cascade on electrode‐nanosensor interface. Specifically, electrochemical indicator (Ri)‐labeled single‐stranded DNA on electroactive nanodonor (polydopamine, PDA) can be responsively detached by formation of DNA complex through the recognition and binding with targets. By applying the oxidation potential of Ri, nanosensor collisions on electrode surface trigger a cascade redox cycling of PDA and Ri through synchronous electron transfer, which boost the amplification of current signal output. The developed nanosensor exhibit excellent linear response toward up‐regulated biomarkers (miRNA‐21, ATP, and VEGF) with low detection limits (32 fM, 386 pM, and 2.8 pM). Moreover, background influence from physiological interferent is greatly reduced by restricted electron transfer coupling on electrode. The practical applicability is illustrated in sensitive and highly repeatable profiling of miRNA‐21 in lysate of tumor cells and tumor tissue, beneficial for more reliable diagnosis. This electrochemical platform by employing electron transfer cascades at heterogeneous interfaces offers a route to anti‐interference detection of biomarkers in tumor tissues.
Development of an effervescence‐assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction using a binary solvent as a simultaneous extraction and preconcentration approach specialized for the analysis of pesticides in grape juice without dilution
Authors: Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Hoboobi Ali , Pezhhanfar Sakha , Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar
Published: December 2023

In this study, a swift and economical extraction and preconcentration method called effervescence‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction was developed to analyze the pesticide content of different grape juices. To propel the microextraction method, the sample was transferred to a conical bottom glass test tube, and ammonium chloride was added and vortexed to dissolve. Then, sodium bicarbonate and a mixture of 1,2‐dibromoethane and n‐hexane were added. The tube was located in a water bath and the produced carbon dioxide bubbles dispersed the extraction solvent into the sample. Finally, it was centrifuged and one microliter of the sedimented phase was injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.9 to 4.1 and 3.0 to 13.6 μg/L, respectively. Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors were achieved in the ranges of 36%–80% and 180%–404%, respectively. The inter‐ and intra‐day relative standard deviations were in the ranges of 3.4%–10.6% and 2.6%–9.7%, respectively. Also, the coefficients of determination in the calibration curves were ≥0.990. Short extraction time, no sorbent or costly apparatuses, using inexpensive chemicals, applying microliter levels of the extractant, and no dilution of the real samples are the highlights of the study.
The social connectivity of subsurface flows: Towards a better integration of the vertical dimension in socio‐hydrosystem studies
Authors: Boyer Anne‐Lise , Blanchon David , Schmitt Laurent , Badariotti Dominique , Bedell Jean‐Philippe , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , Chabaux François , da Silva Eduardo Ferreira , Huneau Frédéric , Imfeld Gwenaël , O'Neill Brian F. , Pasqualini Vanina , Radakovitch Olivier , Staentzel Cybill , Le Tourneau François‐Michel
Published: December 2023

This contribution points out that while the importance of hydrologic, geomorphic, ecological, temporal, and socio‐cultural connectivity in the functioning of hydrosystems has been acknowledged in three dimensions (longitudinal, lateral, and vertical), vertical connectivity has often been overlooked. Drawing on a multidisciplinary literature review, the authors aim to highlight the socio‐cultural connectivity of subsurface flows and aquifers as a crucial factor for socio‐hydrosystem understanding and management. The piece builds on emergent literature which underscores how groundwater, shallow groundwater, and the hyporheic zone are coproduced by nature and society through time. Furthermore, the review explores how verticality has become an important heuristic dimension at the intersection of the environmental and social sciences, and there has been a particular focus on the hyporheic zone to look at how notions of interstitiality and (in)visibility can be better integrated with socio‐hydrosystem science and management. Finally, the paper calls for further research to integrate the vertical dimension of hydrosystems into more comprehensive socio‐hydrological frameworks, which remain, at times, empirically and theoretically weak on questions of social power, even if they do incorporate aspects of political systems. Especially as societies' relationships to groundwater may be at the heart of climate change adaptation strategies, greater consideration of the social connectivity to subflows is a necessary direction for sustainable water resource management and scholarship.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water Governance

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
A call for an accurate presentation of glaciers as water resources
Authors: Gascoin Simon
Published: December 2023

Glaciers are often portrayed as an important water resource in scientific research and public debate. However, the scientific literature calls for caution when presenting this idea. While melting glaciers can increase water insecurity, their contribution to runoff is often minor and other factors like excessive groundwater pumping for irrigation or surface and groundwater contamination pose much greater threats to water availability. As we consider the wide range of environmental impacts due to glacier changes, we must also question the “glacier as water resource” narrative that may unnecessarily contribute to public anxiety.

This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Applying the Urban Scene as Community Practice Approach in the Field
Authors: Klekotko Marta
Published: December 2023

The chapter is based on extensive fieldwork carried out in three Polish cities and serves as an exemplification of the application of the approach proposed in Chapter 2 to the study of community phenomena in contemporary cities. Although based on Polish data, the research develops the universal concept of socio-cultural opportunity structures and thus allows to explain communal processes beyond national contexts. The chapter starts with a discussion on challenges in investigating social practices and provides the details of the applied methodology. Then, selected case studies of different scenes as community practices are presented and discussed in order to illustrate how urban space and cultural consumption practices interact, leading to the development of different kinds of communities, or rather community practices. From bohemian and alternative lifestyle communities, through ecologists and urban activists to local communities, the role of scene in community practices is presented and analysed.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 JT supergravity and matrix models
Authors: Turiaci Gustavo J. , Witten Edward
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Generalizing previous results for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1, we analyze $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 JT supergravity on asymptotically AdS2 spaces with arbitrary topology and show that this theory of gravity is dual, in a holographic sense, to a certain random matrix ensemble in which supermultiplets of different R-charge are statistically independent and each is described by its own $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 random matrix ensemble. We also analyze the case with a time-reversal symmetry, either commuting or anticommuting with the R-charge. In order to compare supergravity to random matrix theory, we develop an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 analog of the recursion relations for Weil-Petersson volumes originally discovered by Mirzakhani in the bosonic case.
Erratum to: Multi-critical points in black hole phase transitions
Authors: Tavakoli Masoumeh , Wu Jerry , Mann Robert B.
Published: December 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2022)117
Towards double parton distributions from first principles using Large Momentum Effective Theory
Authors: Jaarsma Max , Rahn Rudi , Waalewijn Wouter J.
Published: December 2023

Abstract

In double parton scattering (DPS), two partonic collisions take place between one pair of colliding hadrons. The effect of DPS can be significant for precision measurements due to the additional radiation from secondary partonic collisions, and especially for specific processes such as same-sign WW production. Its effect is usually included through Monte Carlo parton showers. In a factorization approach to DPS, the initial state is described by double parton distributions (DPDs). These are currently poorly constrained by experiment, but provide a view on interesting correlations between partons in the hadron. Here we show that the Large Momentum Effective Theory approach can be applied to DPDs. Specifically, we present a general matching relation between DPDs and lattice-calculable quasi-DPDs for general flavor, spin and color structures. We furthermore calculate the one-loop matching coefficients for the quark-quark DPDs, verifying that the infrared logarithms and divergences cancel in the matching. While we restrict to the flavor-non-singlet case, we do take color and spin correlations into account. Interestingly, quasi-DPDs combines nontrivial features from both the collinear and transverse momentum dependent quasi-parton distribution functions. This represents a first step in extending the quasi-PDF approach to DPDs, opening up a new way to constrain these distributions using lattice QCD.
Linking Forest Ecosystem Services to the SDGs: Semi-quantitative Mapping of Perceptions towards Integrated Decision-making
Authors: Pham-Truffert Myriam , Pfund Jean-Laurent
Published: December 2023

With this study, we test and present the results of a reproducible semi-quantitative methodological approach, which enables us to map perceptions of complex systems, linking the forest ecosystem services (FES) of a given spatial level to the wider policy domains represented by the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through a participative process, we used integrated forest management and FES as entry point concepts to support and inform dialog towards a normative desired future as framed by the SDGs, taking into account interdependencies across sectors and policy domains. The scales used in the test were national (Switzerland) and international but it is possible to use the approach at any level of integration, especially the landscape one in the case of forest or other ecosystem issues to be transdisciplinary solved. We stress that the semi-quantitative aspects of the approach – be it the ranking of the importance of FES across the different SDGs, or the positive or negative weighting of interactions among these FES in cross-impact matrices – enable the perceptions held by actors to be more explicit and significant for governance or goal prioritization. The results illustrate the perceptions of selected actors on the effects of integrated forest management and provide a basis for multi-actor deliberation on emerging potential synergies or conflicts, thereby genuinely supporting science-policy-practice dialog, which is crucial to foster integrated decision-making.