bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of urinary incontinence and attitudes towards urinary incontinence of women in Mersin, Turkiya
Authors: Akan Nazife , Sancar Behire
Published: June 2024

Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine or the inability to control urination. The International Continence Society defines UI as any complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI is a very important health problem that affects women’s quality of life. It can lead to a decrease in women’s self-confidence and prevent them from participating in social activities. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of UI in women living in Turkey, the factors affecting it, and women’s attitudes toward UI.
Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 903 women who applied to 17 family health centers in Mersin, Turkey, between May 10th to June 10th 2019 for any reason. The data of the study were obtained using the descriptive information form and the Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS). Data analysis was performed with SPSS-21 using percentiles, mean±standard deviation, and Pearson chi-square tests.
Results: According to the results obtained, 28.9% of the women had UI problems, more than half (54.6%) of the women with UI did not present to a health institution for this problem, and 54.8% did not receive any treatment. In addition, the frequency of experiencing UI was higher in those with a chronic disease (59.2%) than in those without any chronic disease, and the difference was significant.
Conclusion: The demographic and fertility characteristics of the women influenced the frequency of experiencing UI. In addition, among the women participating in the study, those with negative attitudes toward UI experienced more UI problems. There should be greater efforts to raise awareness among women on this subject.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8134
How to cite this: Akan N, Sancar B. Frequency of urinary incontinence and attitudes towards urinary incontinence of women in Mersin, Turkiya. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.8134
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Exploring maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with Type-1 Diabetes: A study from Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Musarrat , Askari Saima , Naseem Raheela
Published: June 2024

Background & Objective: Pregnancy in women diagnosed with Type-1 diabetes mellitus poses a higher risk of experiencing complications related to the health of the fetus, the mother, and the newborn, along with potential obstetric issues. The objective of this study was to examine the maternal and fetal outcomes, as well as complications faced by pregnant women with type-1 diabetes, and to identify potential preventable factors.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study, conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan (January 2022 - January 2023), focused on registered pregnancies of women with Type-1 diabetes. A predesigned questionnaire recorded demographic information, diabetes and obstetric history, clinical details, treatment specifics, maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes.
Results: This study included 100 women with pre-existing Type-1 diabetes (mean age: 15.11 ± 5.64 years at diabetes diagnosis). Of these, 72% reported unplanned pregnancies, with a mean HbA1C at conception 8.29%. Median gestational age at delivery was 32.15 ± 10.82 weeks. Delivery outcomes included 40% normal vaginal deliveries and 60% C-sections (9% emergency, 51% elective). Stillbirths occurred in 14 cases, while 16 women experienced one miscarriage, seven had two, and 10 had three miscarriages. Glycemic targets (fasting) were achieved in 55 women, and post-meal targets only in 29, whereas, neonatal complications included hypoglycemia in 13 and low birth weight in 12 neonates.
Conclusion: The high frequency of unplanned pregnancies and cesarean sections along with poor management of pre-pregnancy care and poor glycemic control results in compromised maternal and perinatal outcomes in this high-risk group.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.9199
How to cite this: Riaz M, Askari S, Naseem R. Exploring maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with Type-1 Diabetes: A study from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.9199
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Combination of anlotinib and second-line chemotherapy as surrogate to reduce immunosuppression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lou Zhai , Wang Xin , Hu Chenxi , Liu Weixuan , Ji Yajun
Published: June 2024

Objective: To study the clinical effects of anlotinib combined with second-line chemotherapy (SLC) on immunosuppression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 106 patients with advanced NSCLC admitted to the Lianyungang First People’s Hospital from November 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Amongst 106 patients, 53 patients received second-line single-agent chemotherapy regimens (SLC group), and 53 patients received anlotinib combined with SLC (ASLC group). Prognosis, levels of immune cells and inflammatory cytokine, and adverse reactions were analyzed.
Results: Clinical efficacy of the ASLC group was significantly higher than the SLC group (p<0.05). After treatment, patients in the ASLC group exhibited significantly higher levels of CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ compared to those in the SLC group (p<0.05), while the difference in CD8+ level between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). After treatment, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the ASLC group were lower compared to the SLC group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In patients with advanced NSCLC, anlotinib combined with SLC is associated with higher levels of immune cells and reduced inflammatory factors. This treatment regimen, thus, can reduce immunosuppression and improve the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.9681
How to cite this: Lou Z, Wang X, Hu C, Liu W, Ji Y. Combination of anlotinib and second-line chemotherapy as surrogate to reduce immunosuppression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.7.9681
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Dasein digital: o significante de mundo e sua verdade virtual
Authors: Moon Rodrigo Malcolm de Barros , Gobbi Maria Cristina
Published: June 2024

Imersos em um mar caótico de dados, estamos a todo momento buscando sentido nas informações que nos chegam, a fim de orientar nossa ação e nosso pensamento. Ao longo da história fabricamos meios cada vez mais sofisticados para armazenar e transmitir informação, da escrita à representação 3D em computação gráfica. Cada aparelho com sua linguagem, seu programa e função. A consequência natural deste desenvolvimento é uma produção e circulação cada vez maior e mais Intensa de informação, exigindo novos métodos capazes de filtrá-la a fim de que consigamos apreender a realidade em sua constituição. A metodologia de análise é baseada em uma revisão teórica. Devido à miríade de problemáticas que surgem na atualidade, da intersecção entre informação e tecnologia digital, nos debruçaremos sobre teorias  que possam validar uma razão suficiente para nos orientarmos no agora. Discutiremos a imagem como informação: sua ontologia e métodos de fabricação para compreender seu estado na atualidade. Correlacionando a situação no mundo (dasein) com a interpretação de imagens, surge a principal problemática deste artigo: como utilizar imagens digitais para nos situarmos no mundo hoje?
The effect of Two Stay Two Stray learning model assisted by wordwall application on student learning outcomes
Authors: Reinita Reinita , Rusdyani Devi
Published: June 2024

This study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a quasi-experimental design known as a non-equivalent control group design. The research instruments consist of validated test items in the form of multiple-choice questions. These instruments undergo preliminary trials and subsequent analysis, including assessments of validity, reliability, differentiating power, and difficulty, ensuring the production of valid and reliable research tools. Twenty-six validated questions were utilized, demonstrating a high reliability coefficient of 0.8973, meeting stringent reliability criteria and indicating the trustworthiness of the test questions. Data analysis was conducted using a t-test, with a significance level set at 5% (0.05). Post-test results revealed a higher average score in the experimental group (80.22) compared to the control group (71.00). The t-test analysis yielded a t-count of 2.8089, exceeding the critical t-value of 2.0106. Additionally, the N-gain scores showed a significant average increase in the experimental group (31.49%) compared to the control group (24.35%). The study findings indicate a noteworthy disparity in learning outcomes between the two groups subjected to different treatments. Specifically, learning outcomes in the experimental group surpassed those in the control group following the intervention. Thus, it can be inferred that the implementation of the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative model, supported by the Wordwall application, positively impacts student learning outcomes.
Snowball throwing learning strategy and learning motivation: keys to success in improving science learning outcomes for high class students
Authors: Mariam Siti , Sapriati Amalia , Suroyo Suroyo
Published: June 2024

Snowball Throwing is a pedagogical strategy that employs ice balls or "snowballs" to introduce new concepts or ideas to students. This approach was developed by researchers interested in enhancing the effectiveness and engagement of learning, particularly in the context of science education. Moreover, students exhibit enthusiasm toward participation in learning activities due to the engaging nature of the snowball-throwing model. This study aims to assess the impact of employing the Snowball Throwing learning model alongside students' learning motivation on their academic performance in lessons at the elementary public school 002, Air Molek 1. The study involved 172 students across 4th, 5th, and 6th grade classes, comprising 99 boys and 76 girls. Data were collected through written tests and learning motivation questionnaires. The written test comprised 20 multiple-choice questions designed to evaluate student learning outcomes, while the learning motivation questionnaire gauged the students' level of motivation toward learning. Data analysis was conducted using the two-way ANOVA test. The results of the analysis demonstrated the significant influence of learning motivation on student learning outcomes. Notably, student learning motivation positively correlates with enhanced learning outcomes. Furthermore, the adoption of the snowball-throwing learning model exhibited a beneficial impact on student learning outcomes. Additionally, the interaction between the snowball-throwing learning model and student learning motivation significantly influenced student learning outcomes. Consequently, it can be inferred that the efficacy of Snowball Throwing in education stems from its ability to bolster learning motivation and improve learning outcomes, particularly within the realm of science education.
The implementation of inclusion services and social interaction for deaf students at Perwira Bogor city elementary public school
Authors: Sukmanasa Elly , Aulia Karmilasari , Agustiani Tini , Herawati Netty , Darmawan Agus
Published: June 2024

Children with special needs face diverse obstacles in social interaction and communication, yet not all struggle equally in these domains. In response, Indonesia's government has implemented inclusive education initiatives to uphold their rights, as mandated by Law No. 20 of 2003. This study investigates inclusive education provision and social interactions among deaf students, regular peers, and teachers, aiming to evaluate services enhancing social integration for deaf students. Employing qualitative methods with descriptive analysis, the research sheds light on the challenges deaf children encounter, particularly in verbal communication, necessitating reliance on visual cues to compensate for hearing impairments. Perwira Elementary Public School employs specialized activities fostering auditory perception and rhythm communication skills. Crucially, parents are instrumental in supporting their children's verbal communication through everyday language practice, aided by hearing devices and teacher guidance. This research underscores the importance of inclusive education initiatives in facilitating social interaction and communication for children with special needs. It provides insights into effective strategies, such as sensory-focused activities and parental involvement, contributing to the broader discourse on inclusive education and its implications for the well-being and development of children with special needs.
Teachers’ professional competence profile dataset during implementation of Merdeka curriculum
Authors: Maryani Ika , Irsalinda Nursyiva , Jaya Patria Handung , Sukma Hanum Hanifa , Raman Arumugam L.
Published: June 2024

The Merdeka curriculum serves as a mechanism for enhancing the quality of education in Indonesia. Effective utilization of professional competence among educators can expedite the success of the Merdeka curriculum. However, the challenges associated with the Merdeka curriculum, as encountered by educators, are multifaceted and demand a high level of professionalism for resolution. This study aims to scrutinize teachers' professional competence concerning the design of learning activities within the Merdeka curriculum. It constitutes a quantitative descriptive study involving 205 primary school teachers from Indonesia. A semantic differential scale, administered through a Google Form, was employed to gather data on professional competence, comprising three indicators and 12 questions. The validity of the instrument was assessed using Pearson correlation, and reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. This investigation encompassed a series of cluster analysis procedures. The research has yielded significant insights into the professional competence of teachers during the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in Indonesia. The categorization of teachers' professional competence reveals a prevalence of moderate to high competence, with a minority exhibiting low competence. These findings underscore the necessity for attention from governmental bodies and other stakeholders. Prioritizing training and sustainable professional development through collaborative learning communities emerges as imperative. Areas identified for enhancement encompass an understanding of student characteristics and pedagogical methodologies, mastery of learning content, and proficiency in curriculum development and implementation.
Teachers’ Perceptions, Attitudes and Competency on Internet, Communication, and Technology Integration in the EFL Classroom in Indonesia
Authors: Lisia Sonia , Mahdum Mahdum , Purwanti Indah Tri
Published: June 2024

This study sheds light on perceptions and attitudes toward obtaining competency of English teachers at Senior High Schools regarding the integration of Internet, communication, and technology (ICT) in the English classroom in Indonesia. The research involved 113 English teachers from 11 different sub-districts in Riau Province-Indonesia, and data were collected through online questionnaires utilizing Google Forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0, while qualitative data were analyzed using a three-stage analysis involving data reduction, data display, and verification. The study’s findings revealed positive perceptions and favorable attitudes toward the integration of ICT in EFL classrooms. Importantly, EFL teachers’ competency in ICT significantly influenced their teaching performance. Qualitative insights highlighted obstacles faced by English teachers, such as limited internet networking and inadequate facilities, impacting their experiences due to the absence of ICT training and socialization from schools. Based on the findings, there is an urgent need to address challenges faced by teachers in rural areas, emphasizing the pivotal role of ICT for effective teaching and learning in EFL classrooms.
How Jigsaw Worked in a Middle School Classroom for Enhancing Students’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Hind Nada Syadza , Astuti Puji
Published: June 2024

Active learning has been a curriculum mandate in the Indonesian education system since the 1980s. Nonetheless, practical gaps existed, as evidenced by the dominance of teacher-centered instruction in public schools. The field needs research depicting how active learning works and enhances learning. Thus, we conducted a qualitative case study focusing on one method within active learning pedagogies: cooperative learning. Specifically, we examined how one of its techniques, i.e., Jigsaw, operated and optimized English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' reading comprehension. We involved one EFL teacher and her students in eighth grade. Data were gathered through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and analysis of instructional documents. Our data analysis revealed some missed steps in the teacher participants' lesson plans, specifically in the main learning activities sections that had the Jigsaw procedures. However, these activities were enacted in the actual classroom use. The teacher participant also modified her lessons to make Jigsaw more effective. Additionally, she tackled challenges that occurred during the process, especially in dealing with low levels of reading comprehension, unmotivated students, and limited time. For effective use of Jigsaw and considerations when making adjustments in classroom practice, we recommend that teachers understand cooperative learning principles and how they manifest in the procedures of the selected technique(s).
Can I Eat Melted-Frozen-Melted Bread?: Use of Practical Assignments to Harmonize Mathematics and STEM Courses and as a Measure for Future Technology Studies
Authors: Jin Tonje , Helkala Kirsi
Published: June 2024

In the domain of engineering education, the crucial role of mathematics, especially Calculus, cannot be overstated, as it lays the foundational groundwork for numerous sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) courses. The integration of mathematics into STEM disciplines is achieved through the practical application of mathematical concepts in real-world scenarios or in conjunction with other STEM subjects, thereby enhancing the coherence of engineering studies and acting as a significant motivational catalyst for students. This paper presents an analytical narrative of a practical mathematics assignment, woven into the Calculus curriculum and other STEM courses from 2013 to 2018. It delves into the potential impacts of these practical assignments on student performance and attitudes by evaluating data sourced from final exam scores and anonymous course surveys, both before and after the intervention period. Through the analysis of an extensive dataset comprising 1526 final exam scores, this study endeavors to make a substantive contribution to Future Technology Studies (FTS), focusing on the strategic harmonization of mathematics and STEM courses to enrich the educational experience and foster a more cohesive and applied learning framework in these disciplines.
Using R for Multivariate Meta-analysis on Educational Psychology Data: A Method Study
Authors: Savatsomboon Gamon , Ruannakarn Prasert , Yurayat Phamornpun , Chanprasitchai Ong-art , Leihaothabam Jibon Kumar Sharma
Published: June 2024

Using R to conduct univariate meta-analyses is becoming common for publication. However, R can also conduct multivariate meta-analysis (MMA). However, newcomers to both R and MMA may find using R to conduct MMA daunting. Given that, R may not be easy for those unfamiliar with coding. Likewise, MMA is a topic of advanced statistics. Thus, it may be very challenging for most newcomers to conduct MMA using R. If this holds, this can be viewed as a practice gap. In other words, the practice gap is that researchers are not capable of using R to conduct MMA in practice. This is problematic. This paper alleviates this practice gap by illustrating how to use R (the metaSEM package) to conduct MMA on educational psychology data. Here, the metaSEM package is used to obtain the required MMA text outputs. However, the metaSEM package is not capable of producing the other required graphical outputs. As a result, the metafor package is also used as a complimentary to generate the required graphical outputs. Ultimately, we hope that our audience will be able to apply what they learn from this method paper to conduct MMA using R in their teaching, research, and publication.
Understanding International Students’ Academic Adaptation and Motivation to Pursue Higher Education in Turkey
Authors: Alnajjar Abdallah A. , Alacapınar Füsun Gülderen
Published: June 2024

The current study investigates the academic adaptation levels of international students and their motivations for pursuing higher education in Turkey. The study also aimed to compare the adaptation of international students in higher education in terms of various variables such as gender, age, duration in Turkey, education level, and university. A mixed-methods design was employed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The study involved 222 international students from four universities in Konya who completed an online questionnaire. Data collection used the "international students’ adaptation to higher education" scale. The quantitative data in this study were subjected to statistical analyses, using non-parametric tests such as the Mann– Whitney U test and the Kruskal– Wallis H test, while the qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Because of the analysis, it was noted that international students demonstrated heightened levels of adaptation in the realms of academic processes, academic principles, and socio-cultural dimensions of university life. However, a moderate level of adaptation was identified in the domain of academic experiences, shedding light on some challenges encountered by students in this aspect. Additionally, the results showed no significant differences in academic adaptation levels among international students based on study variables. Concerning the motivations of international students to pursue higher education in Turkey, prominent factors encompass the quality and diversity of higher education opportunities, historical and cultural heritage, ease of living, affordability, and religious and ethnic ties. This underscores the importance of universities and policymakers in Turkey to recognize challenges and promote the strengths of the country as an international study destination.
Sacral Osteoblastoma in a Young Male Presenting as Radicular Pain: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Sah Saurabh , Mohabey Ankush ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Dwidmuthe Samir Chandrakant ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Reddy M Harsha Vardhan ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Aradhya Suhas ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India., Roy Mainak ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Osteoblastoma is an uncommon benign bone tumor characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue, occurring more frequently in men than in women. It is often associated with osteoid osteoma and can be found at various locations in the skeleton, although it is rare in the sacrum. Typically, these lesions involve the posterior elements of the spine, including the pedicle and the lamina. We would like to present a case of sacral osteoblastoma, clinically presenting as lumbar radiculopathy, which was treated at our institute. Case Report: A 23-year-old male presented to us with left gluteal pain radiating to the left lower limb pain for 2 years. He had multiple consultations elsewhere and was being treated as a probable case of a lumbar disc lesion with left lower limb radiculopathy. X-rays appeared normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine and pelvis revealed a T2 hyperintense lesion affecting the posterior elements of S3, compressing the nerve roots. Computed tomography (CT) was a better investigation modality for osteoblastoma. En bloc excision and curettage were performed, and the histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of osteoblastoma. The patient had immediate relief of symptoms postoperatively with no complications. At 2-year follow-up, the patient had no evidence of recurrence on a follow-up CT scan. Conclusion: Osteoblastomas predominantly occur in the spine, with rare instances in the sacrum. Treatment typically involves en bloc excision. Confusing clinical presentation may delay diagnosis, resulting in persistent morbidity. Keywords: Osteoblastoma, sacrum, excisional curettage.
Education as justice: articulating the epistemic core of education to enable just futures
Authors: Balarin Maria , Milligan Lizzi O.
Published: June 2024

While education is expected to play a significant role in responding to global social challenges, sustainable development discourses often fail to attend to issues of pedagogy, purpose and process. In this paper, we argue that one way to focus arguments on educational practice is through considerations of the relationship between education as justice and education for justice. We do this through discussing one form of justice in education – epistemic justice – and developing our conceptualisation of an epistemic core. Drawing on Elmore’s instructional core, this includes openness to students’ experiences and the place where they live, rich pedagogies and a broad range of epistemic resources. We argue that this is one way that secondary education’s contribution to sustainable and just futures could be made more concretely possible.
The (Un)Problematic Ground of Reality: The Goethe-Hegel Auseinandersetzung on and through Ǧalāl al-Dīn Rūmī
Authors: Merzari Alberto
Published: June 2024

Abstract: In the fervor for Oriental studies marking the early nineteenth century in Germany, both Goethe and Hegel encountered the work of the Persian poet Ǧalāl al-Dīn Rūmī. In different ways, the confrontation with his mysticism becomes the occasion for a meditation on the nexus between the finite and infinite, occurring for Goethe in his West-östlicher Divan and for Hegel in his Enzyklopädie (§573) and his Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik . Although both regard Rūmī’s “elevation above the finite” as an ultimately inadequate perspective, Hegel considers it primarily as a first step toward the conceptual reconciliation of the finite and infinite, whereas Goethe sees it negatively as the nonrecognition of the primordial belonging-together of these two dimensions. This article aims first to investigate Goethe’s and Hegel’s diverging evaluations of Rūmī and, second, to demonstrate that their disagreement on the Persian poet can be considered symptomatic of (and significant to) their broader philosophical Auseinandersetzung .
Double tunable Fano resonance based on a metal–insulator–metal waveguide with double coupled cavities and its application
Authors: Ren Yongpeng , Sun Yiping , Qu Desheng , Li Chunlei
Published: June 2024

A metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with a ring cavity (RC) and a half ring cavity (HRC) is proposed to realize the detection of two mediums simultaneously based on independently tunable double Fano resonances. Utilizing numerical simulation of the finite element method, the transmission characteristics and magnetic field distribution are investigated. The simulation findings indicate that the structure is capable of generating double Fano resonances, and the two Fano resonances are tuning independently. The maximum sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are 2385 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 31886RIU−1, respectively, and these values are achieved by changing the structural parameters and the refractive index of the insulator. Moreover, the sugar content in flavor and the concentration of ethanol solution can be detected at the same time, which indicates the high efficiency of the sensor. Therefore, these performances demonstrate that the tunable double Fano resonance based on a MIM waveguide is a hopeful method for chemical detection.
Demonstration of chirped pulse phase-shifting digital holography for capturing the sequence of ultrafast optical wavefronts
Authors: Fukuda Wataru , Karasawa Naoki
Published: June 2024

We experimentally demonstrate chirped pulse phase-shifting digital holography. This method, recently proposed, allows for capturing the sequence of ultrafast optical wavefronts with picosecond time resolution in a single-shot manner. In our experiment, we recorded two object pulses with a time separation of 1.67 ps using 35-fs-width optical pulses, employing a diffractive optical element and a bandpass filter, on a single polarization camera simultaneously. We reconstructed both the intensity and phase images of these object pulses using modified calculations that account for corrections in the polarization states of the reference waves, thereby improving the quality of the reconstructed images.
Fused feature extract method for Φ-OTDR event recognition based on VGGish transfer learning
Authors: Gan Jiaqi , Xiao Yueyu , Zhang Andong
Published: June 2024

Thanks to the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, the event recognition of distributed optical fiber sensing systems has achieved high classification accuracy on many deep learning models. However, the large-scale samples required for the deep learning networks are difficult to collect for the optical fiber vibration sensing systems in actual scenarios. An overfitting problem due to insufficient data in the network training process will reduce the classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a fused feature extract method suitable for the small dataset of Φ-OTDR systems. The high-dimensional features of signals in the frequency domain are extracted by a transfer learning method based on the VGGish framework. Combined with the characteristics of 12 different acquisition points in the space, the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal can be reflected. Fused with the spatial and temporal features, the features undergo a sample feature correction algorithm and are used in a SVM classifier for event recognition. Experimental results show that the VGGish, a pre-trained convolutional network for audio classification, can extract the knowledge features of Φ-OTDR vibration signals more efficiently. The recognition accuracy of six types of intrusion events can reach 95.0% through the corrected multi-domain features when only 960 samples are used as the training set. The accuracy is 17.7% higher than that of the single channel trained on VGGish without fine-tuning. Compared to other CNNs, such as ResNet, the feature extract method proposed can improve the accuracy by at least 4.9% on the same dataset.
Study of different heterocycles showing significant anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yengoyan Aleksandr , Gomktsyan Tiruhi , Pivazyan Vergush , Ghazaryan Emma , Shainova Roza , Karapetyan Armen , Avetyan Diana , Aslanyan Levon , Baroyan Karine , Tuzikov Alexander , Sargsyan Mariam , Baghdasaryan Bagrat , Bayramyan Nane , Hakobyan Sona , Poghosyan Arpine , Avetisyan Aida , Avagyan Hranush , Hakobyan Lina , Zaven Karalyan
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: With the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), antiviral drug development has gained increased significance due to the high incidence and potentially severe complications of the resulting coronavirus infection. Heterocycle compounds, acting as antimetabolites of DNA and RNA monomers, rank among the most effective antiviral drugs. These compounds’ antiviral effects on various SARS-CoV-2 isolates, as found in existing data collections, form the basis for further research. The aim of this study was to examine the possible antiviral effect of some originally synthesized heterocyclic compounds.

Materials and Methods: The main methods were cell culturing, cytotoxicity assay, qRT-PCR assay, tissue and blood cells analysis, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.

Results: In both in vitro and in vivo conditions, the elimination of SARS-Cov-2 occurred significantly earlier after administration of the compounds compared to the control group. In hamsters, the primary symptoms of coronavirus disease disappeared following administration of heterocycle compounds.

Conclusion: Using delta and omicron strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, newly created heterocycle compound analogs dramatically reduced SARS-CoV-2 multiplication, resulting in a drop in viral RNA load in the supernatant under in vitro conditions. Improvements in pathological manifestations in the blood, bone marrow, and internal organs of hamsters demonstrated that heterocycle compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords: broad-spectrum antiviral agents, heterocycle compounds, in vitro, in vivo, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Syrian hamsters.
Anthelmintic effects of Podang mango (Mangifera indica) fruit peel waste extract through in vivo application on Indonesian Etawa goat production and health
Authors: Prasetyo Endry Nugroho , Rokana Efi , Baihaqi Zein Ahmad , Samudi Samudi
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: The continuous use of anthelmintic drugs has led to global issues of resistance. One breakthrough to address this problem is the utilization of bio-anthelmintics derived from active compounds in agro-industrial waste. This in vivo study investigated the effectiveness of Podang mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit peel waste extract for anthelmintic purposes, using concentrations up to 5%.

Materials and Methods: This study included 28 Etawa crossbred goats aged 17 months. Goats were randomly assigned to four groups: A negative control, an aqueous fruit peel extract (AFPE) group at 2.5%, another AFPE group at 5%, and a positive control receiving ivermectin. Goats chosen had egg per gram (EPG) counts surpassing 1000 before exposure to Haemonchus contortus. For 7 days within a 9-week study, AFPE from Podang mangoes was given. On the 7th day, the positive control group was administered ivermectin. AFPE dosage relied on the average abomasum fluid per kilogram of animal weight. The feeding regimen consisted of concentrate and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott is customized for the nutritional needs of livestock. Data on feed consumption, digestibility, average daily gain, percentage reduction in fecal egg count, body condition score, and clinical parameters were collected throughout the study.

Results: At higher treatment levels (AFPE), there was a greater reduction in both EPG and fecal egg counts. The expected and normal ranges were maintained for consumption and digestibility. While body weight increased, FAMACHA parameters showed a decrease. Compared to the negative control group, substantial disparities (p < 0.05) existed for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit in both the positive control and the treatment groups. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, indicative of liver and kidney health, were within normal ranges.

Conclusion: At a concentration of up to 5%, Podang mango waste extract (AFPE) can function as a substitute for traditional helminth medicines or bio-anthelmintics in goats, enhancing their production.

Keywords: anthelmintic, feed additive, gastrointestinal helminth infection, goat, Haemonchus contortus, Mangifera indica L.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds and di ammonium phosphate (dap) potential for controlling Striga seed germination, sorghum growth and grain yield
Authors: Ousseini Ardaly Abdou , Ibrahim Mamadou Aissata , Eleblu John Saviour Yaw , Ofori Kwadwo
Published: June 2024

Sorghum is important staple food for feeding humans and animals in sub-Saharan African country. Nowadays, with the advent of climate change couple to the population growth, the crop is faced to new challenges wish are gradually affecting the productivity. In Niger, a dry land country where farmers are growing sorghum at a small scale for family subsistence, the crop is confronted to biotic and abioticonstraints including nutrient deficiency in the soil. Among those constraint, Striga is the one that causes huge damage to sorghum cultivation through yield reduction. In addition, nutrient depletion in the soil are causing weed progresses in farmer’s field at a large scale. In fact, to overcome Striga problem several control methods have been successfully tested, but some of them are efficient but not accessible to farmers. It is important to control the weed by using effective and accessible way for smallholder farme in Niger. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different doses of sesame (0, 0.5 and 1.5 g) and DAP (0, 2 and 5 g) on Striga impact and sorghum grain yield. Two (2) grammes micro dosing utilization of DAP shows good result in Striga plant emergency and distribution along sorghum field. Concerning the three doses of sesame seed involve in this experiment, the micro dosing two (1.5 g) positively affect Striga effect. The combination sesame seed and DAP can significantly reduce Striga impact on sorghum cultivation and increased sorghum grain yield.
The Natural History After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study From the United States
Authors: Barnes Edward L. , Desai Aakash , Hashash Jana G. , Farraye Francis A. , Kochhar Gursimran S.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There are limited data regarding the natural history after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). The principal objectives of this study were to identify 4 key outcomes in the natural history after IPAA within 1, 3, 5, and 10 years: the incidence of pouchitis, Crohn's-like disease of the pouch, use of advanced therapies after IPAA, and pouch failure requiring excision in a network of electronic health records.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study in TriNetX, a research network of electronic health records. In addition to evaluating incidence rates, we also sought to identify factors associated with pouchitis and advanced therapy use within 5 years of IPAA after 1:1 propensity score matching, expressed as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).

RESULTS:

Among 1,331 patients who underwent colectomy with IPAA for UC, the incidence of pouchitis increased from 58% in the first year after IPAA to 72% at 10 years after IPAA. After propensity score matching, nicotine dependence (aHR 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–2.18), antitumor necrosis factor therapy (aHR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.56), and vedolizumab prior to colectomy (aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.96) were associated with an increased risk of pouchitis in the first 5 years after IPAA. The incidence of Crohn's-like disease of the pouch increased to 10.3% within 10 years of IPAA while pouch failure increased to 4.1%. The incidence of advanced therapy use peaked at 14.4% at 10 years after IPAA.

DISCUSSION:

The incidence of inflammatory conditions of the pouch remains high in the current era, with 14% of patients requiring advanced therapies after IPAA.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DISSIPATION IN SOIL-EMBEDDED PILES: AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Das Rishab , Banerjee Arnab , Manna Bappaditya
Published: June 2024

The study delves into a comprehensive examination of the total energy dissipation associated with a pile entrenched in the soil, with the soil being conceptualized as viscoelastic springs. "Dissipation" can be utilized to gauge the decay rate of displacement amplitude over time. Understanding dissipation in piles is pivotal for discerning the pace at which a pile achieves its equilibrium state when exposed to impact or free vibrations. Elevated dissipation levels indicate a swifter attenuation of transient vibrations, a crucial aspect for effective vibration mitigation during significant occurrences such as earthquakes, severe weather conditions, explosions, and impacts. The dispersion relation, reliant on wavenumber and free wave frequency, is derived for the pile-soil system using the Bloch's Floquet theorem. This relation is approached via the free-wave method, where a real wavenumber produces a sequence of complex frequencies. We propose an analytical closed-form expression in this study to forecast the overall dissipation from these complex frequency values. Additionally, we validate the accuracy of the predicted dissipation against a finite element-based numerical model of the soil-pile system. Furthermore, we examine the influence of factors such as material damping, Young's modulus, and shear modulus of the soil on the dissipation characteristics of the pile-soil system.
شیكردنەوەیەكی ژینگەیی بۆ تێكچوونی ڕووپۆشی زەوی دۆڵی ڕووباری سیروان لەسنوری قەزای كەلار بەپشت بەستن بە تەكنیكی (Remote Sensing)
Authors: N. Mohammedamin Hemin , H. Muhammed Bnar , N. Mohammedamin Hero
Published: June 2024

ئەم توێژینەوەیە لەبواری جوگرافیای ژینگەدا كراوە، و تێیدا پشت بە تەكنیكی هەستكردن لەدورەوە (RS) بەستراوە، لەخستنەڕووی جیاوازی كاتی و شوێنی تێكچوونی ڕووپۆشی زەوی دۆڵی ڕووباری سیروان لەسنوری قەزای كەلار لەدوو كاتی جیاوازدا ئەوانیش ساڵانی (1990) و (2020)، ناوچەی لێكۆڵینەوە دەكەوێتە ڕۆژهەڵاتی هەرێمی كوردستان لەناوچەی نیمچەشاخاوی بەدرێژی (57,38)كم دەبێتە سنوری جیاكەرەوەی نێوان هەردوو قەزای كەلار و خانەقین، لەڕووی شوێنی ئەسترۆنۆمییەوە دەكەوێتە نێوان دووبازنەی پانی (30= : 32- : 34° - 15= : 56- : 34°)ی باكور، نێوان دووهێڵی درێژی (20= : 16- : 45° - 55= : 38- : 45°) ی ڕۆژهەڵات، ئامانج لەم توێژینەوەیە خستنەڕووی جیاوازی كاتی و شوێنی جۆرەكانی ڕووپۆشی زەوی دۆڵی ڕووباری سیروانە لەگەڵ ئەو هۆكارانەی بوونەتە هۆی گۆڕانكاری و تێكچوونیان، بەمەبەستی پاراستنیان لەڕۆڵی نەرێنی مرۆڤ، كە لەئێستادا مەترسیدارترین هەڕەشەن بۆ تێكچوونی ژینگەی سروشتی دۆڵی ڕووباری سیروان، لەبەر ڕۆشنایی ئامانجەكەی توێژینەوەكە بۆ سێ تەوەری سەرەكی دابەشكراوە، ئەوانیش (ئاماژەكانی گۆڕانی ئاووهەوا لەناوچەی لێكۆڵینەوە، جیاوازی كاتی و شوێنی جۆرەكانی ڕووپۆشی زەوی لەدۆڵی ڕووباری سیروان، ڕۆڵی مرۆڤ لەتێكچوونی ڕووپۆشی زەوی لەناوچەی لێكۆڵینەوە)، توێژینەوەكە گەیشتە ئەو ئەنجامەی كە جیاوازی كاتی و شوێنی دیار لەگۆڕانكاری و تێكچوونی ڕووپۆشی زەوی ناوچەی لێكۆڵینەوەدا هەیە، بەتێپەڕبوونی كات گۆڕانكاری زۆر لەجۆرەكانی ڕووپۆشی زەوی بەكەڵك ڕوویداوە، وەكو (دەرامەتی ئاو، خاكی كشتوكاڵی، ڕووەكی سروشتی)، بە ئاراستەی كەمبوونەوە بووە، لەبەرامبەردا زەوی بێكەڵك بە ئاراستەی زیادبوون بووە، هەرچەندە گۆڕانكاری ئاووهەوا كاریگەری هەبووە، بەڵام هۆكاری سەرەكی بەپلەی یەكەم بۆ ڕۆڵی نەرێنی مرۆڤ دەگەڕێتەوە.
أثر التغيرات المُناخية و انعكاسها على صحة النساء الحوامل(الإجهاض) في محافظة ذي قار
Authors: J. Shanan Tahsen , Sh. Jaaz Ayad
Published: June 2024

تناولت هذه الدراسة (أثر التغيرات المُناخية و انعكاسها على صحة نساء الحوامل (الإجهاض) في محافظة ذي قار ) دراسة تأثير العناصر و الظواهر المناخية في عملية الإجهاض في محافظة ذي قار من خلال جمع و تحليل و وصف العناصر و الظواهر المناخية المختلفة لمحطة رصد ( الناصرية ) لدورة المناخية الكبرى أمدها ثلاثون سنة للمدة ( 1986 – 2016 ) ، إذ تم دراسة و تحليل هذه العناصر و الظواهر المختلفة كالإشعاع الشمسي ، ودرجات الحرارة ( العظمى و الصغرى ) ، و الضغط الجوي و الرياح ، والأمطار ، والتبخر ، والرطوبة ، فضلاً عن الظواهر الغبار بأنواعه ( عاصفة الغبارية ، غبار المتصاعد ، غبار العالق ) . ظهرت من خلال الدراسة و جود تذبذب في عناصر و ظواهر المناخ في محافظة ذي قار مما ادى على زيادة في التغيرات المناخية و أثرها في عملية الاجهاض للمدة ( 2016 – 2017) في المحافظة ، لذلك ظهر تأثيرها الواضح للعناصر و الظواهر المناخية في منطقة الدراسة من خلال عدد النساء الحوامل تعرضن للعملية الإجهاض و هذا ناتج من اثر التغيرات المناخية و تركز الملوثات و تذبذب في درجات الحرارة و تطرف الحراري و موجات البرد من سنة الى أخرى ، مما اثر في حياة السكان في عملية الإجهاض ، وأن المناخ بعناصره و ظواهره المختلفة يمثل منظومة متوازنة وأي خلل أو تغير فيها له عواقب جسيمة على صحة الإنسان بنحو مباشر و غير مباشر. توصلت الدراسة الى أن فترة الصيف هي أكثر تأثيراً في عملية الإجهاض ، مما عليه في فترة الشتاء، وهذا يرجع الى أن فترة الشتاء تتنشط بها الفيروسات فيروس (أوكسووم) و تضعف مناعة الجسم حيث يصبح اكثر عرضة للأمراض عن طريق المجاري البولية ، كذلك تؤثر فترة الصيف من خلال ضربة الشمس والظواهر الغبارية التي تسبب في صعوبة التنفس وأن فئة العمرية ما بين (16 – 25 ) سنة هي أكثر نسبة في عملية الإجهاض اصابة .
دور التغيرات المناخية في اعتماد استراتيجيات استخدامات الطاقة المتجددة للحد من اثر التغير المناخي (اقليم كوردستان دراسة حالة)
Authors: A. Taha Dler , S. Tofiq Peshraw
Published: June 2024

تعد التغيرات المناخية احد نتاجات التطور الحضاري الذي أصاب المجتمعات البشرية منذ قيام الثورة الصناعية إلى الوقت الحاضر ، إذ كان للاستغلال الجائر لموارد البيئة الطبيعية وخصوصا فيما يتعلق بموارد الطاقة إضافة إلى التوسع الصناعي والعمراني انعكاسات خطيرة على تركيبة الغلاف الجوي من خلال زيادة تراكيز بعض الغازات التي تعرف باسم غازات الدفيئة الجوية والتي أحدثت خللاً في توازن الطاقة في النظام المناخي الأرضي والتي كان من نتائجها ارتفاع حرارة الغلاف الجوي بحدود (0.74) م بين عامي 1906 و 2005 وعرف هذا التغير باسم الاحترار العالمي أو الاحتباس الحراري ورافق هذا التغير تغيرات في نظم التساقط المطري وتوزيعها في خصائص عناصر المناخ وخصوصاً عناصر الاشعاع الشمسي ودرجات الحرارة العظمى والصغرى والجفاف . وكان لإقليم كوردستان نصيب من هذا التغير تزامنا مع تغيرات بيئية ، مما اثر ذلك على تغير المناخ فيه إذ توصلت الى أن درجات الحرارة الاعتيادية والعظمى والصغرى (م) والجفاف تأخذ اتجاها يميل نحو الارتفاع في جميع المحطات المناخية في منطقة الدراسة وحصول تغير في تكرار الظواهر الغبارية وانعكست ملامح هذا التغير في التوزيع الجغرافي لهذه العناصر وبدأت خارطة كوردستان المناخية بالتغير تزامنا مع التغيرات المناخية العالمية لذا تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد اثر التغيرات المناخية في تغير التوزيع الجغرافي لبعض عناصر وظواهر مناخ الاقليم باستخدام معادلة كاندال والتي مثلت هذه العناصر بجداول ولثلاث دورات مناخية صغرى وهي الدورة المناخية 1979 – 1990 والدورة المناخية 1991 – 2000 والدورة المناخية 2001 – 2017 وقد أثبت تحليل هذه الجداول جملة من النتائج الهامة والتي تعكس بدورها تغير مناخ الاقليم من خلال تغير التوزيع الجغرافي لبعض عناصره وظواهره ، والتنبؤ بالنتائج بشكل دقيق ، والتي تختلف اساسا على بناء الافتراضات المتعلقة بالسياسات والاستراتيجيات الحكومية والخطط التي نفذت بالفعل لمواجهة التحديات المتعلقة بالطاقة فضلا عن الخطط التي تم الاعلان عنها ولم يتم اتخاذ التدابير المحددة لتنفيذ هذه الالتزامات ، وجاءت الدراسة باستراتيجية مقترحة لتطوير وانتاج مصادر الطاقة من شانها النهوض بقطاع الطاقة وتقليل الفجوة من خلال استخدام التقانة الحديثة للإشعاع الشمسي والرياح ، والتي تشتمل على الطاقة المتجددة والاهداف المتعلقة بكفاءة استخدام الطاقة.