bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaf transcriptome profiling of contrasting sugarcane genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions
Authors: Contiliani Danyel Fernandes , de Oliveira Nebó João Felipe Carlos , Ribeiro Rafael Vasconcelos , Andrade Larissa Mara , Peixoto Júnior Rafael Fávero , Lembke Carolina Gimiliani , Machado Ricardo Silverio , Silva Daniel Nunes , Belloti Mariana , de Souza Gláucia Mendes , Perecin Dilermando , Pereira Tiago Campos , de Matos Pires Regina Célia , Fontoura Patrícia Rezende , Landell Marcos G. A. , Figueira Antonio , Creste Silvana
Published: June 2022

Drought is the most detrimental abiotic stress to sugarcane production. Nevertheless, transcriptomic analyses remain scarce for field-grown plants. Here we performed comparative transcriptional profiling of two contrasting sugarcane genotypes, ‘IACSP97-7065’ (drought-sensitive) and ‘IACSP94-2094’ (drought-tolerant) grown in a drought-prone environment. Physiological parameters and expression profiles were analyzed at 42 (May) and 117 (August) days after the last rainfall. The first sampling was done under mild drought (soil water potential of −60 kPa), while the second one was under severe drought (soil water potential of −75 kPa). Microarray analysis revealed a total of 622 differentially expressed genes in both sugarcane genotypes under mild and severe drought stress, uncovering about 250 exclusive transcripts to ‘IACSP94-2094’ involved in oxidoreductase activity, transcriptional regulation, metabolism of amino acids, and translation. Interestingly, the enhanced antioxidant system of ‘IACSP94-2094’ may protect photosystem II from oxidative damage, which partially ensures stable photochemical activity even after 117 days of water shortage. Moreover, the tolerant genotype shows a more extensive set of responsive transcription factors, promoting the fine-tuning of drought-related molecular pathways. These results help elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of a drought-tolerant sugarcane genotype to cope with ever-changing environments, including prolonged water deficit, and may be useful for plant breeding programs.
The impact of obesity-related raised intracranial pressure in rodents
Authors: Westgate Connar Stanley James , Hagen Snorre Malm , Israelsen Ida Marchen Egerod , Hamann Steffen , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Eftekhari Sajedeh
Published: June 2022

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is observed in many brain disorders. Obesity has been linked to ICP pathogenesis in disorders such as idiopathic intracranial pressure (IIH). We investigated the effect of diet induced obesity (DIO) on ICP and clinically relevant sequelae. Rats were fed either a control or high fat diet. Following weight gain long term ICP, headache behavior, body composition and retinal outcome were examined. Post-hoc analysis of retinal histology and molecular analysis of choroid plexus and trigeminal ganglion (TG) were performed. DIO rats demonstrated raised ICP by 55% which correlated with the abdominal fat percentage and increased non-respiratory slow waves, suggestive of altered cerebral compliance. Concurrently, DIO rats demonstrated a specific cephalic cutaneous allodynia which negatively correlated with the abdominal fat percentage. This sensitivity was associated with increased expression of headache markers in TG. Additionally, DIO rats had increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in vivo associated with raised ICP with a subsequent post-hoc demonstration of neuroretinal degeneration. This study demonstrates for the first time that DIO leads to raised ICP and subsequent clinically relevant symptom development. This novel model of non-traumatic raised ICP could expand the knowledge regarding disorders with elevated ICP such as IIH.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‑8 (ZIF-8) modified titanium alloy for controlled release of drugs for osteoporosis
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Jakubowski Marcel , Ratajczak Maria , Voelkel Adam
Published: June 2022

The aim of this work was to prepare a biocompatible implant material that enables the release of drug for osteoporosis—risedronate. To achieve this goal, a titanium implant coated with a biocompatible Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 (ZIF-8) layer was prepared that promotes osseointegration at the bone-implant interface. The modifications of the titanium alloy as well as sorption and desorption processes were confirmed using a variety of methods: SEM, EDS XPS, and FT-IR imaging (to determine surface modification, drug distribution, and risedronate sorption), and UV–Vis spectroscopy (to determine drug sorption and release profile). Both the ZIF-8 layer and the drug are evenly distributed on the surface of the titanium alloy. The obtained ZIF-8 layer did not contain impurities and zinc ions were strongly bounded by ZIF-8 layer. The ZIF-8 layer was stable during drug sorption. The drug was released in small doses for 16 h, which may help patients recover immediately after surgery. This is the first case of using ZIF-8 on the surface of the titanium alloy as carrier that releases the drug under the influence of body fluids directly at the site of the disease. It is an ideal material for implants designed for people suffering from osteoporosis.
Novel sustainable filter for virus filtration and inactivation
Authors: Purwar Tanya , Esquivel-Puentes Helber Antonio , Pulletikurthi Venkatesh , Li Xing , Doosttalab Ali , Nelson Clarice E. , Appiah Rita E. , Blatchley Ernest R. , Castano Victor , Castillo Luciano
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a multi-scale impact on the world population that started from a nano-scale respiratory virus and led to the shutdown of macro-scale economies. Direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and its variants through aerosolized droplets is a major contributor towards increasing cases of this infection. To curb the spread, one of the best engineered solutions is the use of face masks to prevent the passage of infectious saliva micro-droplets from an infected person to a healthy person. The commercially available masks are single use, passive face-piece filters. These become difficult to breathe in during strenuous activities. Also, they need to be disposed regularly due to accumulation of unwanted particulate and pathogens over time. Frequent disposal of these masks is unsustainable for the environment. In this study, we have proposed a novel design for a filter for enhanced virus filtration, better breathability, and virus inactivation over time. The filter is called Hy–Cu named after its (Hy) drophobic properties and another significant layer comprises of copper (Cu). The breathability (pressure drop across filter) of Hy–Cu is tested and compared with widely used surgical masks and KN95 masks, both experimentally and numerically. The results show that the Hy–Cu filter offers at least 10% less air resistance as compared to commercially available masks. The experimental results on virus filtration and inactivation tests using MS2 bacteriophage (a similar protein structure as SARS-CoV-2) show that the novel filter has 90% filtering efficiency and 99% virus inactivation over a period of 2 h. This makes the Hy–Cu filter reusable and a judicious substitute to the single use masks.
Spreading of Complex Fluids Drops
Authors: Schönecker C.
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, the fundamentals of spreading are introduced and influence factors that might occur in complex systems are discussed. First, the reference scenario of a simple fluid spreading under idealized conditions is described, starting from the equilibrium state of a droplet before turning to the basics of spreading dynamics. Theoretical concepts about the calculation of the spreading contact line are introduced. Finally, the effects of various, complex influence factors, like surfactants, evaporation and substrate, are summarized and experimental findings are discussed.
Spreading and Evaporation of Surfactant Drops
Authors: Trybala Anna , Starov Victor
Published: June 2022

The simultaneous spreading and evaporation of droplets of aqueous surfactant solutions onto various substrates is reviewed in this chapter. Four different stages of the process have been found: the initial one corresponds to spreading till the contact angle, θ, reaches the value of the static advancing contact angle, θad. The duration of this stage is rather short and the evaporation during this stage can be neglected. The evaporation is essential during the following three stages. The next stage after the spreading, which is referred to as the first stage, takes place at a constant perimeter and ends when θ reaches the static receding contact angle, θr. During the second stage, the perimeter decreases at a constant contact angle θ = θr for a surfactant concentration above the critical wetting concentration (CWC). The static receding contact angle decreases during the second stage for concentrations below the CWC because the concentration increases due to evaporation. During the final stage, both the perimeter and the contact angle decrease until the drop disappears. The developed theory predicts universal curves for the contact angle dependency on time during the first stage, and for the droplet perimeter on time during the second stage.
Ink and Microelectronic Printing
Authors: Tanis-Kanbur Melike Begum , Duan Fei
Published: June 2022

Ink printing is an increasingly popular additive manufacturing method in various high-technology areas such as polymer manufacturing and metal manufacturing, which has been widely applied in key sectors like microelectronics and semiconductors. As a significant part of microelectronic printing applications, ink printing is applied with the drop-on-demand technique that generates stable and sequential nanoparticle-added droplets on the target (printing) surface. The printing quality and performance depend on the ambient conditions, the rheological and hydrodynamic properties of the droplet, and substrate specifications. Within this scope, this chapter reviews the ink and microelectronic printing process with respect to the theoretical modeling, process design criteria, general performance trends, and specific applications. The theoretical modeling consists of the droplet generation, droplet dimensions at flight, droplet characteristics on the substrate, and sequential droplet applications. After dropping on the substrate, the drying process of the droplet is analyzed via the evaporation and Marangoni flow in order to make the nano-sized solid particles well-aligned on the printing surface. Then, the impact of those parameters on applications is summarized with experimental and numerical studies. As specific and promising methods, the ink and microelectronic printing on porous surfaces or in metal additive manufacturing studies is discussed.
A comparative analysis of biopolymer production by microbial and bioelectrochemical technologies
Authors: Alvarez Chavez Brenda , Raghavan Vijaya , Tartakovsky Boris
Published: June 2022

Biopolymers production from renewable carbon sources.
Pickering interfacial catalysts for asymmetric organocatalysis
Authors: Sun Zhiyong , Jurica Jan , Hübner René , Wu Changzhu
Published: June 2022

A catalytically active Pickering emulsion was established for asymmetric aldol reaction. Both high reactivity and high selectivity were achieved on the emulsion interface via tailoring the hydrophobicity of the proline-functionalized nanoparticles.
An isoindoline bridged [M(η6-arene)2]+ (M = Re, 99mTc) ansa-arenophane and its dinuclear macrocycles with axial chirality
Authors: Csucker Joshua , Jo Da Kyung , Nadeem Qaisar , Blacque Olivier , Fox Thomas , Braband Henrik , Alberto Roger
Published: June 2022

We report the synthesis of novel rhenium and 99mTc ansa-arenophane complexes with bridging isoindolines. Inter-instead of intramolecular isoindoline formation leads to dinuclear macrocycles, one of which exhibits axial chirality.
Co-existence of five- and six-coordinate iron(ii) species captured in a geometrically strained spin-crossover Hofmann framework
Authors: Xu Luonan , Xie Zixi , Zenere Katrina A. , Clegg Jack K. , Kenny Elise , Rijs Nicole J. , Jameson Guy N. L. , Kepert Cameron J. , Powell Benjamin J. , Neville Suzanne M.
Published: June 2022

The use of an angular ligand drives the formation of an irregular Hofmann framework whereby 6-coordinate and rare 5-coordinate FeII species co-exist – the 6-coordinate species show a spin-crossover transition.
Development of a novel scorpionate ligand with 6-methylpyridine and comparison of the structural and electronic properties of nickel(ii) complexes with related tris(azolyl)borates
Authors: Fujiwara Yusuke , Takayama Tomoaki , Nakazawa Jun , Okamura Masaya , Hikichi Shiro
Published: June 2022

A facially-capping tris(6-methylpyridyl)phenylborate is highly electron-donating and its nickel complex is potent mCPBA activator.
Correction: Facile synthesis and isolation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from diphenyl sulfoxide
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Hu Yaoping , Huai Liyuan , Gao Zhijin , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Facile synthesis and isolation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from diphenyl sulfoxide’ by Tongtong Zhang et al., Green Chem., 2021, 23, 3241–3245, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1GC00302J.
Enhancement of dielectric performance of encapsulation in barium titanate oxide using size-controlled reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Jun So-Yeon , Park SeungHun , Baek Nam Wuk , Lee Tae-Young , Yoo Sehoon , Jung Donggeun , Kim Jin-Young
Published: June 2022

The controlled graphene size affected the dielectric performance of graphene encapsulated BaTiO3(rGO@BTO) particles. The dielectric performance increased by 33% higher than the dielectric constant after 1 h, while maintaining the low dielectric loss.
PVA/κ-carrageenan/Au/camptothecin/pegylated-polyurethane/paclitaxel nanofibers against lung cancer treatment
Authors: Irani Mohammad , Nodeh Sina Mohammadrezaei
Published: June 2022

Core–shell nanofibers and in vivo release from core–shell nanofibers against lung cancer.
Hydrocracking optimization of palm oil to bio-gasoline and bio-aviation fuels using molybdenum nitride-bentonite catalyst
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Asri Wan Ryan , Said Muhammad , Hidayati Putri Tamara , Purwaningrum Widia , Novia Novia , Wijaya Karna
Published: June 2022

In this study, molybdenum nitride-bentonite was successfully employed for the reaction of hydrocracking of palm oil to produce a bio-gasoline and bio-aviation fuel.
From oxides to oxysulfides: the mixed-anion GeS3O unit induces huge improvement in the nonlinear optical effect and optical anisotropy for potential nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Zhang Xiaodong , Xiao Yan , Wu Xiaowen , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Daqing , Wu Kui
Published: June 2022

The mixed-anion GeS3O unit induces huge improvement in the optical anisotropy and NLO response from Sr2ZnGe2O7 oxide to Sr2MGe2S6O oxysulfides.
Organobase-catalyzed 1,1-diborylation of terminal alkynes under metal-free conditions
Authors: Li Junchen , An Min , Gao Zhenhua , Guo Yongbiao , Liu Haibo , Zhao Peichao , Bi Xiaojing , Shi Enxue , Xiao Junhua
Published: June 2022

An organobase-catalyzed 1,1-diborylation of terminal alkynes from propargylic derivatives with B2oct2 is first reported, providing 1,1-diborylalkene products with high efficiency. The catalytic pathway is well postulated on the basis of DFT calculations.
Photostable polymorphic organic cages for targeted live cell imaging
Authors: Al Kelabi Dana , Dey Avishek , Alimi Lukman O. , Piwoński Hubert , Habuchi Satoshi , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: June 2022

In this article, we demonstrate the relatively unexplored potential of organic cages for use in targeted live cell imaging and highlight the importance of inter- and intramolecular interactions to stabilize and improve the performance of fluorophores.
Directed evolution of a cyclodipeptide synthase with new activities via label-free mass spectrometric screening
Authors: Zhang Songya , Zhu Jing , Fan Shuai , Xie Wenhao , Yang Zhaoyong , Si Tong
Published: June 2022

A robotic workflow for directed evolution of new enzymatic activities via high-throughput library creation and label-free MS screening.
Electrochemical methods for on-site multidrug detection at festivals
Authors: Van Echelpoel Robin , Schram Jonas , Parrilla Marc , Daems Devin , Slosse Amorn , Van Durme Filip , De Wael Karolien
Published: June 2022

Two electrochemical methodologies, i.e. flowchart and dual-sensor, were developed to aid law enforcement present at festivals to obtain a rapid indication of the presence of four illicit drugs in suspicious samples encountered.
Correction: Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of cobalt hydroxides: selective phase transformation and application to distinct electrocatalytic reactions
Authors: Park Joon Yong , Kim Ha Young , Kim Yong-Il , Jo So Yeong , Abbas Syed Asad , Seo Dongho , Ma Ahyeon , Nam Ki Min
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of cobalt hydroxides: selective phase transformation and application to distinct electrocatalytic reactions’ by Joon Yong Park et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta02166h.
Fink: Early supernovae Ia classification using active learning
Authors: Leoni M. , Ishida E. E. O. , Peloton J. , Möller A.
Published: June 2022

Context. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will produce a continuous stream of alerts made of varying sources in the sky. This data flow will be publicly advertised and distributed to scientists via broker systems such as FINK, whose task is to extract scientific information from the stream. Given the complexity and volume of the data to be generated, LSST is a prime target for machine learning (ML) techniques. One of the most challenging stages of this task is the construction of appropriate training samples which enable learning based on a limited number of spectroscopically confirmed objects.

Aims. We describe how the FINK broker early supernova Ia (SN Ia) classifier optimizes its ML classifications by employing an active learning (AL) strategy. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing such strategies in the current Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) public alert data stream.

Methods. We compared the performance of two AL strategies: uncertainty sampling and random sampling. Our pipeline consists of three stages: feature extraction, classification, and learning strategy. Starting from an initial sample of ten alerts, including five SNe Ia and five non-Ia, we let the algorithm identify which alert should be added to the training sample. The system was allowed to evolve through 300 iterations.

Results. Our data set consists of 23 840 alerts from ZTF with a confirmed classification via a crossmatch with the SIMBAD database and the Transient Name Server (TNS), 1600 of which were SNe Ia (1021 unique objects). After the learning cycle was completed, the data configuration consisted of 310 alerts for training and 23 530 for testing. Averaging over 100 realizations, the classifier achieved ~89% purity and ~54% efficiency. From 01 November 2020 to 31 October 2021 FINK applied its early SN Ia module to the ZTF stream and communicated promising SN Ia candidates to the TNS. From the 535 spectroscopically classified FINK candidates, 459 (86%) were proven to be SNe Ia.

Conclusions. Our results confirm the effectiveness of AL strategies for guiding the construction of optimal training samples for astronomical classifiers. It demonstrates in real data that the performance of learning algorithms can be highly improved without the need of extra computational resources or overwhelmingly large training samples. This is, to our knowledge, the first application of AL to real alert data.
ALMA imaging of the cold molecular and dusty disk in the type 2 active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
Authors: Tristram Konrad R. W. , Impellizzeri C. M. Violette , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Villard Eric , Henkel Christian , Viti Serena , Burtscher Leonard , Combes Françoise , García-Burillo Santiago , Martín Sergio , Meisenheimer Klaus , van der Werf Paul P.
Published: June 2022

Context.The central engines of many active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are thought to be surrounded by warm molecular and dusty material in an axisymmetric geometry, thus explaining part of the observational diversity of active nuclei.

Aims.We aim to shed light on the physical properties and kinematics of the molecular material in the nucleus of one of the closest type 2 active galaxies.

Methods.To this end, we obtained high angular resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy. The observations map the emission at 350 GHz and 690 GHz with spatial resolutions of ∼3.8 pc and ∼2.2 pc, respectively.

Results.The continuum emission traces cold (T ≲ 100 K) dust in a circumnuclear disk with spiral arms on scales of 25 pc, plus a marginally resolved nuclear emission peak. The latter is not extended in polar direction as claimed based on earlier ALMA observations. A significant amount (of the order of 40%) of the 350 GHz emission is not related to dust, but most likely free-free emission instead. We detect CO(3−2) and CO(6−5) as well as HCO+(4−3), HCN(4−3), and CS(4−3). The CO emission is extended, showing a spiral pattern, similar to the extended dust emission. Towards the nucleus, CO is excited to higher transitions and its emission is self-absorbed, leading to an apparent hole in the CO(3−2) but not the CO(6−5) emission. On the other hand, the high gas density tracers HCO+, HCN, and CS show a strong, yet unresolved (≲4 pc) concentration of the emission at the nucleus, pointing at a very small ‘torus’. The kinematics are dominated by rotation and point at a geometrically thin disk down to the resolution limit of our observations. In contrast to several other AGNs, no HCN enhancement is found towards the nucleus.

Conclusions.The Circinus nucleus is therefore composed of at least two distinct components: (1) an optically thin, warm outflow of ionised gas containing clouds of dust which are responsible for the polar mid-infrared emission, but not seen at submillimetre wavelengths; and (2) a cold molecular and dusty disk, traced by submillimetre continuum and line emission. The latter is responsible for the bulk of the obscuration of the nucleus. These findings support the most recent radiative transfer calculations of the obscuring structures in AGNs, which find a similar two-component structure.
Einheitliche Dokumentation moderner Ergotherapie – Im Test: ETpro
Authors: Küttner Claudia , Arend Janine
Published: June 2022

Die Ergotherapeutische Prozessdokumentation (ETpro) ist ein neues Tool, mit dessen Hilfe Therapeut*innen den Therapieprozess komplett erfassen und dokumentieren können. Eine Praxis berichtet von ihren Erfahrungen damit.
Desfecho a longo prazo da osteotomia valgizante e fixação com parafuso dinâmico de quadril de ângulo duplo de fratura não consolidada do colo femoral em adultos jovens
Authors: Sharma Anmol , Gupta Sandeep , Kansay Rajeev , Patil Bharath
Published: June 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da osteotomia intertrocantérica valgizante, fixada com parafuso dinâmico de quadril (DHS, na sigla em inglês) de ângulo duplo, em fraturas não consolidadas do colo femoral em adultos jovens. Este implante permite uma liberdade maior de fixação no plano sagital. Muito poucos estudos avaliaram o desfecho do tratamento a longo prazo da fratura não consolidada do colo femoral.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de intervenção que incluiu 20 pacientes com fratura não consolidada do colo femoral com idade < 60 anos, sem necrose avascular da cabeça femoral e significativa reabsorção do colo femoral. Foi realizada uma osteotomia em cunha de fechamento lateral logo acima do trocânter menor após a inserção do parafuso tipo Richard no sítio do retardo da consolidação óssea, sendo fixada com uma placa cilíndrica de ângulo duplo de 120°. O resultado foi avaliado com o uso da taxa de consolidação e da escala Harris Hip Score quanto ao desfecho funcional.

Resultados Foi obtida uma redução pós-operatória média de 28,9° do ângulo de Pauwels. Os casos que evoluíram para a consolidação alcançaram 80%, em um período médio de 7,53 meses. A média da escala Harris Hip Score foi de 86,45 no acompanhamento final.

Conclusão A osteotomia intertrocantérica valgizante e a fixação com DHS de ângulo duplo é um método confiável e eficaz para a preservação da cabeça do fêmur, promovendo a consolidação de uma fratura não consolidada do colo femoral em pacientes jovens.
Facial Fractures: Independent Prediction of Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Lucke-Wold Brandon , Pierre Kevin , Aghili-Mehrizi Sina , Murad Gregory Joseph Anatol
Published: June 2022

Context Over half of patients with facial fractures have associated traumatic brain injury (TBI). Based on force dynamic cadaveric studies, Le Fort type 2 and 3 fractures are associated with severe injury. Correlation to neurosurgical intervention is not well characterized.

Aims This study characterizes fracture pattern types in patients requiring neurosurgical intervention and assesses whether this is different from those not requiring intervention.

Settings and Design Retrospective data was collected from the trauma registry from 2010 to 2019.

Methods and Materials Patients over 18 years, with confirmed facial fracture, reported TBI, available neuroimaging, and hospital admission were included.

Statistical Analysis Retrospective contingency analysis with fraction of total comparison was used with chi-square analysis for demographic and injury characteristic data.

Results Note that 1,001 patients required no neurosurgical intervention and 171 required intervention. The intervention group had a significantly greater number of patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 8 compared with the nonintervention group. Subset analysis revealed a twofold increase in Le Fort type 2 fractures and notable increase in Le Fort type 3 and panfacial fractures in the intervention group. Patients requiring craniectomy, craniotomy, or burr holes were much more likely to have Le Fort type 2 or 3 fractures compared with those only requiring external ventricular drains or intracranial pressure monitoring. Subset analysis accounting for GCS supported these results.

Conclusion Le Fort type 2 and type 3 fractures are significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. An improved algorithm for managing these patients has been proposed in the discussion. Ongoing work will focus on validating and refining the algorithm to improve patient care.
Ultrasound tailors grain structure in metal 3D printing
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: June 2022

Observations and simulations of molten pool dynamics show ultrasound-assisted directed energy deposition improves material properties.
Thermal stability and bonding interface in Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding on nano-twinned copper
Authors: Ou Jou-Chun , Tsai Yi-Yun , Lin Ting-Chun , Kao Chin-Li , Hsiao Shih-Chieh , Huang Fei-Ya , Kuo Jui-Chao
Published: June 2022

Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding has been developed for the application of heterogeneous bond interfaces in 3D integrated circuits in which thermal stability and bonding behavior are important. Thus, nano-twinned Cu (NT-Cu) is selected as the bonding material, and the thermal stability of NT-Cu and the bonding behavior of the interface between NT-Cu are investigated using a scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, and focused ion beam. In addition to the microstructure analysis, nano-indentation and nano-scratch are employed to characterize the mechanical properties of the matrix and the interface between NT-Cu. As the bonding temperature increases from 200 to 300 °C for NT-Cu, the average grain sizes increase from 0.64 to 0.87 µm, and the rate of grain coarsening increases from 0.14 to 0.25 µm/h1/2. In addition, the fraction of voids at the bonding interface for NT-Cu interconnects decreases from 0.814% to 0.005%, and the penetration depth increases from 228 to 745 nm with an increase in the temperature from 200 to 300 °C. The hardness of the bonding interface obtained by nano-scratch and nano-indentation array testing is ∼1.8 GPa.
A dual LC resonant circuit integrated wireless passive force and temperature sensor for harsh-environment applications
Authors: Kou Hairong , Yang Libo , Zhang Xiaoyong , Shang Zhenzhen , Shi Junbing , Wang Xiaoli
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes a dual inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit integrated wireless and passive force and temperature sensor for the simultaneous measurement of force and temperature in high-temperature environments. The sensor is fabricated by a two-step process: the preparation of the Al2O3 substrate and the fabrication of the dual LC sensor with Ag paste using screen-printing technology and metallization. The variation in ambient force and temperature can be detected wirelessly by extracting the resonant frequencies of the antenna. The sensor can work in the force range of 0–10 N and temperature range of 25–500 °C with a maximum force sensitivity of 107 kHz/N at 500 °C and temperature sensitivity of 21.7 kHz/°C. To precisely measure the force, the temperature compensation method is proposed. The sensor has the advantages of low cost, simple fabrication and test, and high stability and repeatability, which are promising for the force and temperature application on the engine turbine blade in high-temperature environments.
Photonic waveguides shed their cladding
Authors: Middleton Christine
Published: June 2022

The slimmed-down conduits avoid cross talk between adjacent channels by using materials that support different wave modes.
A quantum lab in a beam
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V. , Jesse Stephen , Lupini Andrew R.
Published: June 2022

Advances in electron microscopy have revolutionized atomic-scale imaging, characterization, and manipulation of materials.
Why did the Three Mile Island Unit 1 reactor close?
Authors: Pell Hannah , Hearty Ryan , Allard David
Published: June 2022

Navigating the future of US commercial nuclear power requires understanding how regional energy markets, state regulations, and community activism influence the life span of nuclear plants.
Separations of romantic relationships are experienced differently by initiators and noninitiators
Authors: Brüning Max
Published: June 2022

Significance

In economic and sociological theory of divorce, the link between divorce consequences and the decision to divorce is central: A couple divorces if at least one spouse expects to improve their life by initiating divorce. The present study provides empirical evidence in support of this theoretical link: Separation initiators become better off in terms of subjective well-being after a separation, whereas noninitiators become worse off, before they eventually experience a full recovery. Because separations are predominantly initiated by only one partner, this finding suggests that one partner typically benefits from the separation (the initiator), while the other is disadvantaged (the noninitiator). Accordingly, analyses of average divorce trajectories convey only limited information about the causal effects of divorce on individuals’ well-being.
Multiscale neural signatures of major depressive, anxiety, and stress-related disorders
Authors: Zhukovsky Peter , Wainberg Michael , Milic Milos , Tripathy Shreejoy J. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Felsky Daniel , Voineskos Aristotle N.
Published: June 2022

Significance

Major depressive, anxiety, and stress-related disorders are highly comorbid and may affect similar neurocircuitry and cognitive processes. However, the neurocircuitry underlying shared dimensions of cognitive impairment is unclear and holds the promise of reimagining psychiatric nosology. Here we leverage population imaging data (
n
= 27,132) to show that while major depressive and anxiety disorders share functional and structural neural signatures, stress-related disorders are distinct from these two conditions. We report that better cognitive function is associated with lower connectivity of specific nodes of the default mode and frontoparietal networks. These findings provide population benchmarks for brain–cognition associations in healthy participants and those with lifetime major depressive and anxiety disorders, advancing our understanding of intrinsic brain networks underlying cognitive dysfunction.
Racial capitalism and capitalism in Africa: the utility and limits of Cedric Robinson’s perspective
Authors: Miapyen Buhari Shehu , Bozkurt Umut
Published: June 2022

This debate discusses the analytical utility of Cedric Robinson’s perspective on capitalism and its mode of accumulation in Africa. It identifies the important uses of Robinson’s approach and the concept of racialism. The debate also explores a major limitation of his framing of the effects of capitalism in Europe and the world beyond it.
New Simulations of the X-Ray Spectra and Polarizations of Accretion-disk Corona Systems with Various Geometrical Configurations I. Model Description
Authors: Yang Xiao-Lin , Wang Jian-Cheng , Yang Chu-Yuan
Published: June 2022

Energetic X-ray radiations emitted from various accretion systems are widely considered to be produced by Comptonization in the hot corona. The corona and its interaction with the disk play an essential role in the evolution of the system and are potentially responsible for many observed features. However, many intrinsic properties of the corona are still poorly understood, especially for the geometrical configurations. The traditional spectral fitting method is not powerful enough to distinguish various configurations. In this paper, we intend to investigate the possible configurations by modeling the polarization properties of X-ray radiations. The geometries of the corona include the slab, sphere and cylinder. The simulations are implemented through the publicly available code, Lemon, which can deal with the polarized radiative transfer and different electron distributions readily. The results demonstrate clearly that the observed polarizations are dependent heavily on the geometry of the corona. The slab-like corona produces the highest polarization degrees (PDs), followed by the cylinder and sphere. One of the interesting things is that the PDs first increase gradually and then decrease with the increase of photon energy. For slab geometry, there exists a zero-point where the polarization vanishes and the polarization angle (PA) rotates by 90°. These results may potentially be verified by the upcoming missions for polarized X-ray observations, such as IXPE and eXTP.
Detecting the meteoroid by measuring the electromagnetic waves excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft
Authors: LIU Bo , ZHANG Heng , XU Bin , MA Zhengzheng , LI Hui , DUAN Wenshan
Published: June 2022

The electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between a hypervelocity meteoroid and a spacecraft is studied both numerically and theoretically. It is found that there are two kinds of electromagnetic pulse. The high-frequency electromagnetic pulse may be excited by the sum of all the electric dipoles. Each electron can be considered as an electric dipole. The low-frequency electromagnetic pulse is produced by the Langmuir oscillation of electrons. The energy flux density and the duration time of the excited low-frequency electromagnetic pulse by the meteoroid are also studied in the present paper. It is shown that the energy flux density increases as either the impact speed or the mass of the meteoroid increases. It is also shown that the duration time decreases as both the impact speed and the mass of the meteoroid increase. By measuring the strength and the duration time of the electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft, we can estimate the speed and the mass of the hypervelocity meteoroid, which will be helpful in space flight and space exploration.
NetQASM—a low-level instruction set architecture for hybrid quantum–classical programs in a quantum internet
Authors: Dahlberg Axel , van der Vecht Bart , Delle Donne Carlo , Skrzypczyk Matthew , te Raa Ingmar , Kozlowski Wojciech , Wehner Stephanie
Published: June 2022

We introduce NetQASM, a low-level instruction set architecture for quantum internet applications. NetQASM is a universal, platform-independent and extendable instruction set with support for local quantum gates, powerful classical logic and quantum networking operations for remote entanglement generation. Furthermore, NetQASM allows for close integration of classical logic and communication at the application layer with quantum operations at the physical layer. This enables quantum network applications to be programmed in high-level platform-independent software, which is not possible using any other QASM variants. We implement NetQASM in a series of tools to write, parse, encode and run NetQASM code, which are available online. Our tools include a higher-level software development kit (SDK) in Python, which allows an easy way of programming applications for a quantum internet. Our SDK can be used at home by making use of our existing quantum simulators, NetSquid and SimulaQron, and will also provide a public interface to hardware released on a future iteration of Quantum Network Explorer.
Delay-dependent elliptic reconstruction and optimal 𝐿^{∞}(𝐿²) a posteriori error estimates for fully discrete delay parabolic problems
Authors: Wang Wansheng , Yi Lijun
Published: June 2022

We derive optimal order a posteriori error estimates for fully discrete approximations of linear parabolic delay differential equations (PDDEs), in the

L
∞

(

L
2

)

L^\infty (L^2)

-norm. For the discretization in time we use Backward Euler and Crank-Nicolson methods, while for the space discretization we use standard conforming finite element methods. A novel space-time reconstruction operator is introduced, which is a generalization of the elliptic reconstruction operator, and we call it as delay-dependent elliptic reconstruction operator. The related a posteriori error estimates for the delay-dependent elliptic reconstruction play key roles in deriving optimal order a posteriori error estimates in the

L
∞

(

L
2

)

L^\infty (L^2)

-norm. Numerical experiments verify and complement our theoretical results.
Supersingular loci from traces of Hecke operators
Authors: Gomez Kevin , Lakein Kaya , Larsen Anne
Published: June 2022

A classical observation of Deligne shows that, for any prime

p
≥
5

p \geq 5

, the divisor polynomial of the Eisenstein series

E

p
−
1

(
z
)

E_{p-1}(z)

mod

p
p

is closely related to the supersingular polynomial at

p
p

,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row upper S Subscript p Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis colon-equal product Underscript upper E slash double-struck upper F overbar Subscript p Baseline supersingular Endscripts left-parenthesis x minus j left-parenthesis upper E right-parenthesis right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper F Subscript p Baseline left-bracket x right-bracket period EndLayout">

S
p

(
x
)
≔

∏

E

/

F

¯

p

 supersingular

(
x
−
j
(
E
)
)

∈

F

p

[
x
]
.

\begin{align*} S_p(x) ≔\prod _{E/\overline {\mathbb {F}}_p \text { supersingular}}(x-j(E))\,\, \in \mathbb {F}_p[x]. \end{align*}

Deuring, Hasse, and Kaneko and Zagier [Supersingular j-invariants, hypergeometric series, and Atkin’s orthogonal polynomials, Providence, RI, 1998, pp. 97–126] found other families of modular forms which also give the supersingular polynomial at

p
p

. In a new approach, we prove an analogue of Deligne’s result for the Hecke trace forms

T
k

(
z
)

T_k(z)

defined by the Hecke action on the space of cusp forms

S
k

S_k

. We use the Eichler-Selberg trace formula to identify congruences between trace forms of different weights mod

p
p

, and then relate their divisor polynomials to

S
p

(
x
)

S_p(x)

using Deligne’s observation.
Alternating sign matrices and Verma modules
Authors: Ko Hankyung
Published: June 2022

We show that the poset of alternating sign matrices, with Bruhat order, is isomorphic to the poset of certain submodules of the dominant Verma module for the special linear Lie algebra

s
l

n

\mathfrak {sl}_n

. The latter poset consists of the intersections of Verma submodules and can also be defined in terms of a Kazhdan-Lusztig cell.
Frequently hypercyclic random vectors
Authors: Agneessens Kevin
Published: June 2022

We show that, under suitable conditions, an operator acting like a shift on some sequence space has a frequently hypercyclic random vector whose distribution is strongly mixing for the operator. This result will be applied to chaotic weighted shifts. We also apply it to every operator satisfying the Frequent Hypercyclicity Criterion, recovering a result of Murillo and Peris.
Large sets without Fourier restriction theorems
Authors: Bilz Constantin
Published: June 2022

We construct a function that lies in

L
p

(

R

d

)

L^p(\mathbb {R}^d)

for every

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
]

p \in (1,\infty ]

and whose Fourier transform has no Lebesgue points in a Cantor set of full Hausdorff dimension. We apply Kovač’s maximal restriction principle to show that the same full-dimensional set is avoided by any Borel measure satisfying a nontrivial Fourier restriction theorem. As a consequence of a near-optimal fractal restriction theorem of Łaba and Wang, we hence prove that there are no previously unknown relations between the Hausdorff dimension of a set and the range of possible Fourier restriction exponents for measures supported in the set.
Benchmarking Observational Analyses Before Using Them to Address Questions Trials Do Not Answer: An Application to Coronary Thrombus Aspiration
Authors: Matthews Anthony A , Dahabreh Issa J , Fröbert Ole , Lindahl Bertil , James Stefan , Feychting Maria , Jernberg Tomas , Berglund Anita , Hernán Miguel A
Published: June 2022

To increase confidence in the use of observational analyses when addressing effectiveness questions beyond those addressed by randomized trials, one can first benchmark the observational analyses against existing trial results. We used Swedish registry data to emulate a target trial similar to the Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) randomized trial, which found no difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction by 1 year with or without thrombus aspiration among individuals with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We benchmarked the emulation against the trial at 1 year and then extended the emulation’s follow-up to 3 years and estimated effects in subpopulations underrepresented in the trial. As in the TASTE trial, the observational analysis found no differences in risk of outcomes by 1 year between groups (risk difference = 0.7 (confidence interval, −0.7, 2.0) and −0.2 (confidence interval, −1.3, 1.0) for death and myocardial infarction, respectively), so benchmarking was considered successful. We additionally showed no difference in risk of death or myocardial infarction by 3 years, or within subpopulations by 1 year. Benchmarking against an index trial before using observational analyses to answer questions beyond those the trial could address allowed us to explore whether the observational data can be trusted to deliver valid estimates of treatment effects.
Polyamine metabolism and transport in gut microbes
Authors: Kurihara Shin
Published: June 2022

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are compounds with amino groups at both ends of a hydrocarbon. Polyamines produced by intestinal bacteria suppress chronic inflammation and enhance the intestinal barrier in the colon, and are also transferred into the blood via the colonic epithelium, resulting in significant improvement of host cognitive performance and life extension in mice. Upregulation of polyamine production by gut microbes can help compensate for aging-associated decrease in polyamine content through the uptake of intestinal luminal polyamine, thereby extending healthy life expectancy of the host.

This review summarizes recent advances in the study of polyamine metabolism and transport in gut microbes, with particular reference to Escherichia coli and the most predominant species of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we describe polyamine production by a novel hybrid system comprised of multiple gut microbes, as well as from high-polyamine-producing lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented foods.
transferGWAS: GWAS of images using deep transfer learning
Authors: Kirchler Matthias , Konigorski Stefan , Norden Matthias , Meltendorf Christian , Kloft Marius , Schurmann Claudia , Lippert Christoph
Published: June 2022

Motivation

Medical images can provide rich information about diseases and their biology. However, investigating their association with genetic variation requires non-standard methods. We propose transferGWAS, a novel approach to perform genome-wide association studies directly on full medical images. First, we learn semantically meaningful representations of the images based on a transfer learning task, during which a deep neural network is trained on independent but similar data. Then, we perform genetic association tests with these representations.

Results

We validate the type I error rates and power of transferGWAS in simulation studies of synthetic images. Then we apply transferGWAS in a genome-wide association study of retinal fundus images from the UK Biobank. This first-of-a-kind GWAS of full imaging data yielded 60 genomic regions associated with retinal fundus images, of which 7 are novel candidate loci for eye-related traits and diseases.

Availability and implementation

Our method is implemented in Python and available at https://github.com/mkirchler/transferGWAS/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intraperitoneal microbial contamination drives post-surgical peritoneal adhesions by mesothelial EGFR-signaling
Authors: Zindel J , Keogh-Stroka D , Candinas D
Published: June 2022

Objective

Abdominal surgeries are lifesaving procedures but can be complicated by the formation of peritoneal adhesions, intra-abdominal scars that cause intestinal obstruction, pain, infertility, and significant health costs. Despite this burden, the mechanisms underlying adhesion formation remain unclear and no cure exists. Here, ask how contamination of gut microbes influences post-surgical adhesion formation.

Methods

We make use of an experimental mouse model that allows to investigate how wound repair and adhesion formation differs between sterile injury vs. sterile injury in combination with microbial contamination. We use genetic lineage tracing, bulk- and single-cell RNA-Sequencing to identify potential mechanisms of the observed differences. Next, we use two human cohort studies to confirm the target identified by RNA-Sequencing. Finally, the identified targets are experimentally confirmed by going back to the mouse model.

Results

We show that adhesion myofibroblasts arise from the mesothelium. This transformation is driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, are sufficient to induce these changes. Correspondingly, EGFR inhibition leads to a significant reduction of adhesion formation in mice. Adhesions isolated from human patients are enriched in EGFR positive cells of mesothelial origin and human mesothelium shows an increase of mesothelial EGFR expression during bacterial peritonitis.

Conclusion

Bacterial contamination drives adhesion formation through mesothelial EGFR signaling. This mechanism may represent a therapeutic target for the prevention of adhesions after intra-abdominal surgery.