bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposta de metodologia para busca e recuperação de informações em saúde
Authors: Andrade Julietti De , Lara Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: May 2020

Apresenta-se proposta de metodologia para busca e recuperação de informações em Saúde com o uso de mapeamentos entre Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento (SOC) na construção de estratégias de busca sensibilizadas. Procura-se identificar as melhores práticas para a organização dos problemas de pesquisa em bases de dados especializadas considerando as limitações dos sistemas de recuperação de informações, bem como para identificar, mapear e selecionar termos e conceitos para elaboração de estratégias de busca sensibilizadas. Recorre à pesquisa bibliográfica e à realização de dois experimentos na área de Saúde que focaram a interação entre bibliotecários e especialistas nas ações de busca e recuperação de informações para produção do conhecimento técnico-científico e o emprego de SOC interoperados e mapeados, usando o Metatesauro da National Library Medicine e as recomendações da norma ISO 25964:2:2011. Verifica-se que a produção do conhecimento técnico-científico demanda ampla busca de informações, mas as limitações dos sistemas de recuperação e a variação das formas pelas quais os usuários a realiza, impõem a necessidade de procedimentos específicos, a exemplo da avaliação e sistematização dos resultados dos mapeamentos automáticos que devem ser utilizados para a eliminação de duplicidades de termos. As experiências permitiram formular uma proposta de metodologia para busca e recuperação de informações em bases de dados que inclui identificação de agentes, ações e critérios para delimitação dos problemas da pesquisa, mapeamento e seleção de termos para construção de estratégias de busca com o uso do Metatesauro e sistematização de resultados.
Silêncios e formas da verdade
Authors: Elias Aluf Alba , Rodrigues Georgete Medleg
Published: May 2020

O arquivo é uma representação política daquilo que ficará, uma impressão das disputas vencidas ou de uma verdade que se deseja registar formalmente. Mas é, também, aquilo que nunca pôde ser dito, que esteve interditado e tomou fôlego público devido escolhas, demandas políticas, sociais, históricas, institucionais ou pessoais.  Para analisar este processo, como objetivo, traçamos uma ponte histórico-epistemológica entre o arquivo e sua relação com as formas da verdade, percorrendo a historicidade das práticas arquivísticas oferecendo maior liberdade para uma discussão sobre os arquivos do regime militar no Brasil. O recurso metodológico utilizado consistiu no levantamento e análise bibliográfica na composição do caminho argumentativo e na construção e delineamento do objeto. Concluímos que, o arquivo funciona como potência ao invés de um testemunho imperativo sobre a verdade ou a memória. Os silêncios ou ausências encontradas em seu manejo anunciam uma interrupção discursiva que deve ser explorada.
A percepção discente e o mercado de trabalho
Authors: Bedin Sonali Paula Molin , Duarte Evandro Jair , Vianna William Barbosa
Published: May 2020

A profissão de arquivista se insere no mercado de trabalho ao longo da história e sua importância é evidente considerando que todas as sociedades produzem documentos e constroem a sua história. O curso de Arquivologia da UFSC foi implantado em 2010-1 e pretende formar profissionais para atuarem no mercado catarinense com suas singularidades. A pesquisa pretendeu verificar qual a percepção dos discentes quanto a formação e atuação profissional, considerando as transformações que podem ocorrer durante os estágios de formação. A pesquisa se classifica como qualitativa e teve como universo oito alunos da primeira fase e cinco alunos da oitava fase em curso em 2017. Como resultados concluiu-se que apenas questões pontuais de atuação profissional divergem entre os alunos, sendo que uniformemente todos têm conhecimento do fazer do arquivista e do mercado de trabalho possível.
Armando Malheiro da Silva
Authors: Espirito Santo Silvia Maria do
Published: May 2020

Entrevista Armando Malheiro da Silva
Orchestration of Primary Hemostasis by Platelet and Endothelial Lysosome-Related Organelles
Authors: Karampini Ellie , Bierings Ruben , Voorberg Jan
Published: May 2020

Megakaryocyte-derived platelets and endothelial cells store their hemostatic cargo in α- and δ-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies, respectively. These storage granules belong to the lysosome-related organelles (LROs), a heterogeneous group of organelles that are rapidly released following agonist-induced triggering of intracellular signaling pathways. Following vascular injury, endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies release their content into the vascular lumen and promote the formation of long VWF (von Willebrand factor) strings that form an adhesive platform for platelets. Binding to VWF strings as well as exposed subendothelial collagen activates platelets resulting in the release of α- and δ-granules, which are crucial events in formation of a primary hemostatic plug. Biogenesis and secretion of these LROs are pivotal for the maintenance of proper hemostasis. Several bleeding disorders have been linked to abnormal generation of LROs in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. Recent reviews have emphasized common pathways in the biogenesis and biological properties of LROs, focusing mainly on melanosomes. Despite many similarities, LROs in platelet and endothelial cells clearly possess distinct properties that allow them to provide a highly coordinated and synergistic contribution to primary hemostasis by sequentially releasing hemostatic cargo. In this brief review, we discuss in depth the known regulators of α- and δ-granules in megakaryocytes/platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells, starting from transcription factors that have been associated with granule formation to protein complexes that promote granule maturation. In addition, we provide a detailed view on the interplay between platelet and endothelial LROs in controlling hemostasis as well as their dysfunction in LRO related bleeding disorders.
Precision Timing with α–β Oscillatory Coupling: Stopwatch or Motor Control?
Authors: Kononowicz Tadeusz W. , Sander Tilmann , Van Rijn Hedderik , van Wassenhove Virginie
Published: May 2020

Precise timing is crucial for many behaviors ranging from conversational speech to athletic performance. The precision of motor timing has been suggested to result from the strength of phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) between the phase of alpha oscillations (α, 8–12 Hz) and the power of beta activity (β, 14–30 Hz), herein referred to as α–β PAC. The amplitude of β oscillations has been proposed to code for temporally relevant information and the locking of β power to the phase of α oscillations to maintain timing precision. Motor timing precision has at least two sources of variability: variability of timekeeping mechanism and variability of motor control. It is ambiguous to which of these two factors α–β PAC should be ascribed: α–β PAC could index precision of stopwatch-like internal timekeeping mechanisms, or α–β PAC could index motor control precision. To disentangle these two hypotheses, we tested how oscillatory coupling at different stages of a time reproduction task related to temporal precision. Human participants encoded and subsequently reproduced a time interval while magnetoencephalography was recorded. The data show a robust α–β PAC during both the encoding and reproduction of a temporal interval, a pattern that cannot be predicted by motor control accounts. Specifically, we found that timing precision resulted from the trade-off between the strength of α–β PAC during the encoding and during the reproduction of intervals. These results support the hypothesis that α–β PAC codes for the precision of temporal representations in the human brain.
Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica
Authors: Speybroeck Jeroen , Beukema Wouter , Dufresnes Christophe , Fritz Uwe , Jablonski Daniel , Lymberakis Petros , Martínez-Solano Iñigo , Razzetti Edoardo , Vamberger Melita , Vences Miguel , Vörös Judit , Crochet Pierre-André
Published: May 2020

The last species list of the European herpetofauna was published by Speybroeck, Beukema and Crochet (2010). In the meantime, ongoing research led to numerous taxonomic changes, including the discovery of new species-level lineages as well as reclassifications at genus level, requiring significant changes to this list. As of 2019, a new Taxonomic Committee was established as an official entity within the European Herpetological Society, Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). Twelve members from nine European countries reviewed, discussed and voted on recent taxonomic research on a case-by-case basis. Accepted changes led to critical compilation of a new species list, which is hereby presented and discussed. According to our list, 301 species (95 amphibians, 15 chelonians, including six species of sea turtles, and 191 squamates) occur within our expanded geographical definition of Europe. The list includes 14 non-native species (three amphibians, one chelonian, and ten squamates).
The Party Abroad and Its Role for National Party Politics
Authors: Rashkova Ekaterina R. , van der Staak Sam
Published: May 2020

Despite proliferating research on party politics and notable media engagement with the issues of migration and refugee flows, we know little about the existence and operation of ‘the party abroad’. The latest UN migration report states that more than 270 million people reside outside their country of origin. osce recognizes the need for representation of varied political views as one means to maintain democratic stability within states. This study unravels the notion of the ‘party abroad’, develops a theoretical legal framework within which it can exist, and empirically exams parties that operate abroad. The case studies show the potential for political engagement with the diaspora, that such operations are not systematically regulated at the moment, and that parties operating abroad have different financing models. These findings, coupled with increasing migration, call for more future work on the party abroad, both by academics and by professionals.
Contributions to shrimp taxonomy — Editorial
Authors: DE GRAVE SAMMY , FRANSEN CHARLES H.J.M.
Published: May 2020

The idea of devoting a special issue of Zootaxa to shrimp taxonomy was born during a late night meeting between the two editors in Leiden in November 2008. We discussed inviting all currently active shrimp taxonomists to come together in a single volume, dedicated to the description of new taxa in this fascinating group of animals. To be honest, our plan was not entirely altruistic, as at the time we were entering the final phase of compiling a species level list of all described taxa within the shrimp-like Decapoda (Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea and Caridea). As was done prior to publication of the crab list (Ng et al. 2008), we liked the idea of compiling a volume to bring to light as many descriptions as possible, both in order for the catalogue, once completed, to remain current for perhaps a few more months (in this fast paced field), but also to offer our colleagues a chance to publish upon (and sort out) some of the nomenclatorial problems any branch of descriptive taxonomy faces.
Designation of Ancylomenes gen. nov., for the ‘Periclimenes aesopius species group’ (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae), with the description of a new species and a checklist of congeneric species
Authors: OKUNO J. , BRUCE A. J.
Published: May 2020

A new genus of the subfamily Pontoniinae, Ancylomenes gen. nov. is established for the ‘Periclimenes aesopius species group’ of the genus Periclimenes Costa. The new genus is distinguished from other genera of Pontoniinae on account of the strongly produced inferior orbital margin with reflected inner flange, and the basicerite of the antenna armed with an angular dorsal process. Fourteen species have been previously recognized as belonging to the ‘P. aesopius species group’. One Eastern Pacific species (P. lucasi Chace), and two Atlantic species (P. anthophilus Holthuis & EiblEibesfeldt, and P. pedersoni Chace) are now also placed in Ancylomenes gen. nov. A further new species associated with a cerianthid sea anemone, A. luteomaculatus sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, and Philippines. A key for their identification, and a checklist of the species of Ancylomenes gen. nov. are provided.
Pseudopontonides plumosus sp. nov., a new cnidarian-associated pontoniine shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from Curaçao
Authors: SNIJDERS NICOLETTE , FRANSEN CHARLES H.J.M.
Published: May 2020

During a study of the associated fauna of gorgonians and black corals on the reefs of Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean Sea) by the first author, a new species of Pseudopontonides Heard, 1986: P. plumosus sp. nov. was discovered, which is here described and figured.
A revision of the systematic position of Periclimenaeus spinimanus Bruce, 1969 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) and the designation of Anisomenaeus gen. nov.
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: May 2020

In the course of studying a number of Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915, it was noticed that Periclimenaeus spinimanus Bruce, 1969, does not fit the current definition of the genus (Bruce 1995), where the species was unfortunately used to illustrate the genus Periclimenaeus. The species is known only from the type specimen collected off Ras Asir, Somalia, at 67.5–73.1 m, during the course of the R.V. Anton Bruun cruise 9 of the International Indian Ocean Expedition in 1964. A preliminary description was provided by Bruce (1969) and later, a more detailed illustrated description (Bruce 1978). The species lacks a molar process on the dactylus and an opposing fossa on the fixed finger of the major second pereiopod, the major diagnostic character of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile. A new mono-specific genus is now proposed for its reception.
A new species of Glyphocrangon (Decapoda: Caridea: Glyphocrangonidae) from off the coast of western Mexico
Authors: HENDRICKX MICHEL E.
Published: May 2020

A new species of Glyphocrangon has been collected during deep-water sampling off western Mexico, in the east Pacific. The series of specimens, including both males and females, was found between 780 and 1879 m depth. Glyphocrangon sp. nov. is close to G. sicaria Faxon, 1893 and G. vicaria Faxon, 1896, both occurring in the east Pacific. It differs from both species, however, by the absence of tubercles between the lateral carinae, the presence of a large tooth at the anterior end of the second anterior lateral carina, the size of the eye (proportionally smaller in G. vicaria), and the presence of two large rostral lateral teeth (one obsolete in G. sicaria). The new species is, however, strikingly similar to G. fimbriata Komai & Takeuchi, 1994, from the Mid-Pacific Mountains. It differs from the later species by the shape of the male endopod of first pleopod, the relative size and spination of the appendices interna and masculina, the presence of a large lateral tooth on pleura of abdominal somites 3–5, and the absence of curved setae on distal part of the dactyl of pereiopods 3–5.
A new genus of palaemonid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) to accommodate Leander belindae Kemp, 1925, with a redescription of the species
Authors: ASHELBY CHRISTOPHER W. , DE GRAVE SAMMY
Published: May 2020

A redescription of the little known shrimp Leander belindae Kemp, 1925 based on syntypical material as well as some previously unreported museum specimens is provided. In view of its aberrant morphology, a new genus, Rhopalaemon gen. nov., is erected. The new genus is most similar to Palaemon Weber, 1795, but can be easily distinguished from that genus, and all other palaemonine genera, by the following combination of characters: propodus of the ambulatory pereiopods distally expanded; branchiostegal tooth and groove present; basal crest on rostrum absent; appendix interna on the first pleopod of males absent; and mandibular palp present.
Synopsis of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Romania
Authors: PĂSTRAV IOANA-RALUCA , DOMȘA CRISTIAN , MIHALCA ANDREI DANIEL
Published: May 2020

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are insects capable of transmitting various disease agents. They have a wide geographical range, with a higher diversity and distribution in the tropical and subtropical regions. In Romania, data on mosquito distribution are available mostly from the older literature and published in local journals; hence, it is inaccessible to the international scientific community. The aim of this review was to gather all the published data on mosquitoes in Romania by performing a comprehensive literature search, to create a publicly available georeferenced database for the distribution of mosquitoes and generate distribution maps to identify gaps in the knowledge of mosquito diversity and distribution in the country. The resultant database includes 1,509 unique records for 51 mosquito species representing seven genera: Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Culiseta, Coquillettidia, Orthopodomyia and Uranotaenia. Knowledge of mosquito distributions is important for understanding the risks of mosquito-borne pathogens present in Romania, a country with high endemicity for various diseases, such as West Nile fever and dirofilariasis. The database also revealed important knowledge gaps, including the lack of data for the Carpathian Arch and the central part of the historical regions of Moldova and Oltenia. The gaps become more evident, as the presence and diversity of the vectors have not been studied in many areas where diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens are present. In conclusion, despite the numerous georeferenced records, large areas of Romania remain unexplored for the mosquito species composition, abundance and phenology. This review is a “call for action” for implementing active surveillance in the country.
Fashion clothing with electromagnetic radiation protection: aesthetic properties and performance
Authors: Tunakova Veronika , Tunak Maros , Tesinova Pavla , Seidlova Marie , Prochazka Jiri
Published: May 2020

At present, much attention is focused on developing clothing fabrics with advanced functionality without compromising their visual, mechanical, or comfort properties. A fabric’s ability to prevent the penetration of electromagnetic radiation is an interesting added feature. In the published literature, there are many references describing the development and investigation of electromagnetic shielding textile structures using different electrically conductive additives. However, little attention has been given to the aesthetic and comfort properties of these special fabrics. Moreover, the availability of everyday fashion containing electromagnetic radiation protection is very limited. For this study, woven fabric made from a mixture of traditional fibers and extremely thin discrete stainless steel fibers developed in the authors’ previous research was used as a substrate. The fabric was digitally printed to provide an interesting design effect suitable for use in clothing and for making clothes for everyday wear. The main objective of this work is to determine whether digital printing is a suitable tool for changing the color and pattern of this metal fiber-containing fabric. The individual goals are (a) to examine the fabric’s color fastness to washing and (b) to investigate whether the surface modification of the fabric adversely affects its functionality. Results show that it is possible to change the color and pattern of metal fiber-containing fabric by digital printing easily, whereas the associated decrease of porosity causes an increase of this special fabric functionality. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the fabric after printing is around 33 dB for frequency 1.5 GHz. However, washing has a negative effect, causing both the electromagnetic shielding ability decrease (to 27 dB for frequency 1.5 GHz after 20 washing and drying cycles) and color fading (the color fastness grade is around 1–2 after 20 washing and drying cycles). Furthermore, the basic transport properties of printed electrically conductive fabric are compared with those of fabric made from traditional material and positive results are found. The incidence of pilling after washing is also evaluated, whereas the first pills are observed after the eighth washing and drying cycle. Finally, clothing prototypes that could be prepared from printed fabric are presented.
The value of glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Tatli Ozgur , Yadigaroglu Metin , Demir Selim , Dogramaci Seniz , Cicek Mustafa , Imamoglu Melih , Pasli Sinan , Ardic Senol , Mentese Ahmet , Turedi Suleyman
Published: May 2020

Background:

Subarachnoid hemorrhages is an important emergency condition due to its high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and rapid intervention are very important to prevent poor clinical outcome of this disease.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the value of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the diagnosis and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods:

Patients presenting to the emergency department and undergoing computerized tomography and/or lumbar puncture due to suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in this prospective study. Based on the computerized tomography–lumbar puncture results, cases were divided into subarachnoid hemorrhage group and non–subarachnoid hemorrhage control group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were classified on the basis of severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage and were classified as good or poor clinical outcome groups based on Glasgow Outcome Scores. Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were then compared.

Results:

A total of 111 patients were evaluated due to suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage and diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 73) or without subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 38). Cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were significantly higher in the subarachnoid hemorrhage group than in the non–subarachnoid hemorrhage group (p < 0.001) (median (25%–75%): 11.62 (2.64–68.04) and 2.26 (1.5–4.83), respectively). Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels of the subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with poor clinical outcomes were higher than those of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with good clinical outcomes (p = 0.003) and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were similar (p = 0.379). Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels at the time of presentation exhibited a low level of correlation with Glasgow coma score, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale, Hunter–Hess Scale, Ogilvy–Carter Scale, Glasgow Outcome Score, and modified Rankin score.

Conclusion:

Cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels may be a valuable diagnostic parameter at the time of presentation for diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. And also serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels may be useful in predicting subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with poor clinical outcomes.
Incidence and risk factors for perioperative death after revision total hip arthroplasty: a 20-year analysis
Authors: Best Matthew J , Amin Raj M , Nguyen Son , Aziz Keith T , Sterling Robert S , Khanuja Harpal S
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

The number of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures is increasing in the US. Revision THA is associated with higher complication rates compared with primary THA. We describe patterns in incidence and risk factors for perioperative death after revision THA.

Methods:

Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we identified nearly 700,000 cases of revision THA from 1990 through 2010. Procedure incidence, perioperative mortality rates, comorbidities, discharge disposition, and duration of hospital stay were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for perioperative death. Alpha = 0.01.

Results:

Population-adjusted incidence of revision THA per 100,000 people increased from 9.2 cases in 1990 to 15 cases in 2010 ( p < 0.001). The rate of perioperative death was 0.9% during the study period and decreased from 1.5% during the “first” period (1990–1999) to 0.5% during the “second” period (2000–2010) ( p < 0.001), despite an increase in comorbidity burden over time. Factors associated with the greatest odds of perioperative death were acute myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR], 37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33–40; p < 0.001), pneumonia (OR, 16; 95% CI, 15–18; p < 0.001), and pulmonary embolism (OR, 13; 95% CI, 11–15; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The rate of perioperative death in patients undergoing revision THA in the US decreased from 1990 to 2010 despite an increase in comorbidities. Acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism were associated with the highest odds of perioperative death after revision THA.
Respiratory management in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Price Susanna , Singh Suveer , Ledot Stephane , Bianchi Paolo , Hind Matthew , Tavazzi Guido , Vranckx Pascal
Published: May 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is to date affecting more than a million of patients and is challenging healthcare professionals around the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 may present with a wide range of clinical spectrum and severity, including severe interstitial pneumonia with high prevalence of hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intensive care admission. There has been increasing sharing experience regarding the patient’s clinical features over the last weeks which has underlined the need for general guidance on treatment strategies. We summarise the evidence existing in the literature of oxygen and positive pressure treatments in patients at different stages of respiratory failure and over the course of the disease, including environment and ethical issues related to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 infection.
Proximal retroflexion versus second forward view of the right colon during screening colonoscopy: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Ma Henar , Díez Redondo Pilar , Riu Pons Fausto , Cimavilla Marta , Hernández Luis , Loza Andrea , Pérez‐Miranda Manuel
Published: May 2020

Background

Colonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the detection of colorectal cancer, but the right colon is more difficult to examine than the left colon. A second examination of the proximal colon has the potential to reduce rates of missed pathology.

Objective

To determine whether proximal retroflexion improves the adenoma detection rate or other outcomes in the right colon compared with the forward view.

Methods

We performed a multicentre randomized controlled trial of patients from the colorectal cancer screening programme with a positive faecal immunochemical test. Patients were randomized to a second right colon examination using proximal retroflexion or forward view.

Results

A total of 692 patients were included. A second examination of the right colon, with an average additional procedure time of 1.62 min, increased the adenoma detection rate by 11%, regardless of the method used (9% proximal retroflexion vs. 12% second forward view, p  = 0.21). The adenoma miss rate was 19% (17% proximal retroflexion vs. 20% forward view, p  = 0.28) The success rate of retroflexion was 83%, without secondary complications. In the 15.6% of patients in whom lesions were detected during the second pass, endoscopic follow‐up was modified by reducing the time of the next colonoscopy.

Conclusions

A second examination of the right colon, either from retroflexion or second forward view, can increase adenoma detection rate and shorten surveillance intervals in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. This should be emphasized during colonoscopy training and integrated into diagnostic colonoscopy practice.
Patients with high-risk DLBCL benefit from dose-dense immunochemotherapy combined with early systemic CNS prophylaxis
Authors: Leppä Sirpa , Jørgensen Judit , Tierens Anne , Meriranta Leo , Østlie Ingunn , de Nully Brown Peter , Fagerli Unn-Merete , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Mannisto Susanna , Munksgaard Lars , Maisenhölder Martin , Vasala Kaija , Meyer Peter , Jerkeman Mats , Björkholm Magnus , Fluge Øystein , Jyrkkiö Sirkku , Liestøl Knut , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Spetalen Signe , Beiske Klaus , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Holte Harald
Published: May 2020

Survival of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is suboptimal, and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) progression is relatively high. We conducted a phase 2 trial in 139 patients aged 18 to 64 years who had primary DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) score of 2 to 3 or site-specific risk factors for CNS recurrence. The goal was to assess whether a dose-dense immunochemotherapy with early systemic CNS prophylaxis improves the outcome and reduces the incidence of CNS events. Treatment consisted of 2 courses of high-dose methotrexate in combination with biweekly rituximab (R), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP-14), followed by 4 courses of R-CHOP-14 with etoposide (R-CHOEP) and 1 course of high-dose cytarabine with R. In addition, liposomal cytarabine was administered intrathecally at courses 1, 3, and 5. Coprimary endpoints were failure-free survival and CNS progression rates. Thirty-six (26%) patients experienced treatment failure. Progression occurred in 23 (16%) patients, including three (2.2%) CNS events. At 5 years of median follow-up, failure-free survival, overall survival, and CNS progression rates were 74%, 83%, and 2.3%, respectively. Treatment reduced the risk of progression compared with our previous trial, in which systemic CNS prophylaxis was given after 6 courses of biweekly R-CHOEP (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.77; P = .002) and overcame the adverse impact of an aaIPI score of 3 on survival. In addition, outcome of the patients with BCL2/MYC double-hit lymphomas was comparable to the patients without the rearrangements. The results are encouraging, with a low toxic death rate, low number of CNS events, and favorable survival rates. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01325194.
Epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation and adult asthma in the Agricultural Lung Health Study
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Sikdar Sinjini , Xu Cheng-Jian , Lee Mi Kyeong , Cardwell Jonathan , Forno Erick , Imboden Medea , Jeong Ayoung , Madore Anne-Marie , Qi Cancan , Wang Tianyuan , Bennett Brian D. , Ward James M. , Parks Christine G. , Beane-Freeman Laura E. , King Debra , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Umbach David M. , Wyss Annah B. , Schwartz David A. , Celedón Juan C. , Laprise Catherine , Ober Carole , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Yang Ivana V. , Koppelman Gerard H. , London Stephanie J.
Published: May 2020

Epigenome-wide studies of methylation in children support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in asthma; however, studies in adults are rare and few have examined non-atopic asthma. We conducted the largest epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation in adults in relation to non-atopic and atopic asthma.

We measured DNA methylation in blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array among 2286 participants in a case-control study of current adult asthma nested within a United States agricultural cohort. Atopy was defined by serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Participants were categorised as atopy without asthma (n=185), non-atopic asthma (n=673), atopic asthma (n=271), or a reference group of neither atopy nor asthma (n=1157). Analyses were conducted using logistic regression.

No associations were observed with atopy without asthma. Numerous cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites were differentially methylated in non-atopic asthma (eight at family-wise error rate (FWER) p<9×10−8, 524 at false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05) and implicated 382 novel genes. More CpG sites were identified in atopic asthma (181 at FWER, 1086 at FDR) and implicated 569 novel genes. 104 FDR CpG sites overlapped. 35% of CpG sites in non-atopic asthma and 91% in atopic asthma replicated in studies of whole blood, eosinophils, airway epithelium, or nasal epithelium. Implicated genes were enriched in pathways related to the nervous system or inflammation.

We identified numerous, distinct differentially methylated CpG sites in non-atopic and atopic asthma. Many CpG sites from blood replicated in asthma-relevant tissues. These circulating biomarkers reflect risk and sequelae of disease, as well as implicate novel genes associated with non-atopic and atopic asthma.
Video-observed therapy and medication adherence for tuberculosis patients: randomised controlled trial in Moldova
Authors: Ravenscroft Luke , Kettle Stewart , Persian Ruth , Ruda Simon , Severin Lilian , Doltu Svetlana , Schenck Benjamin , Loewenstein George
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The effectiveness of video-observed therapy (VOT) for treating tuberculosis (TB) has not been measured in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where >95% of TB cases and deaths occur. In this study, we analyse the effectiveness and patient cost-difference of VOT compared to clinic-based directly observed therapy (DOT) in improving medication adherence in Moldova, a LMIC in Eastern Europe.

Methods

The study was a two-arm individually randomised trial with 197 TB patients (n=99 DOT control group; n=98 VOT treatment group; multidrug-resistant TB cases were excluded). The primary outcome was observed medication adherence, measured by the number of days that a patient failed to be observed adhering to medication for every 2-week period during the course of their treatment.

Results

VOT significantly decreased nonadherence by 4 days (95% CI 3.35–4.67 days, p<0.01) per 2-week period: 5.24 days missed per 2-week period for DOT and 1.29 days for VOT. VOT patients spent MDL 504 (∼EUR 25) (95% CI MDL 277–730, p<0.01) and 58 h (95% CI 48–68 h, p<0.01) less on their treatment. In addition, VOT increased self-reported satisfaction with treatment. We found no significant results pertaining to treatment success, patient wellbeing or patient employment status and some evidence of an increase in side-effects.

Discussion

In this trial, VOT increased observed medication adherence for TB patients in Moldova, a LMIC, when compared to clinic-based DOT. Additionally, VOT significantly reduced the time and money patients spent on their treatment.
Survival and course of lung function in the presence or absence of antifibrotic treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: long-term results of the INSIGHTS-IPF registry
Authors: Behr Jürgen , Prasse Antje , Wirtz Hubert , Koschel Dirk , Pittrow David , Held Matthias , Klotsche Jens , Andreas Stefan , Claussen Martin , Grohé Christian , Wilkens Henrike , Hagmeyer Lars , Skowasch Dirk , Meyer Joachim F. , Kirschner Joachim , Gläser Sven , Kahn Nicolas , Welte Tobias , Neurohr Claus , Schwaiblmair Martin , Bahmer Thomas , Oqueka Tim , Frankenberger Marion , Kreuter Michael
Published: May 2020

Objective

There is a paucity of observational data on antifibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to assess the course of disease of IPF patients with and without antifibrotic therapy under real-life conditions.

Methods

We analysed data from a non-interventional, prospective cohort study of consecutively enrolled IPF patients from 20 interstitial lung disease expert centres in Germany. Data quality was ensured by automated plausibility checks, on-site monitoring, and source data verification. Propensity scores were applied to account for known differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without antifibrotic therapy.

Results

Among the 588 patients suitable for analysis, the mean±sdage was 69.8±9.1 years, and 81.0% were male. The mean±sdduration of disease since diagnosis was 1.8±3.4 years. The mean±sdvalue at baseline for forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity (DLCO) were 68.6±18.8% predicted and 37.8±18.5% predicted, respectively. During a mean±sdfollow-up of 1.2±0.7 years, 194 (33.0%) patients died. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 87%versus46% and 62%versus21%, respectively, for patients withversuswithout antifibrotic therapy. The risk of death was 37% lower in patients with antifibrotic therapy (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.45; 0.87; p=0.005). The results were robust (and remained statistically significant) on multivariable analysis. Overall decline of FVC andDLCOwas slow and did not differ significantly between patients with or without antifibrotic therapy.

Conclusions

Survival was significantly higher in IPF patients with antifibrotic therapy, but the course of lung function parameters was similar in patients with and without antifibrotic therapy. This suggests that in clinical practice, premature mortality of IPF patients eventually occurs despite stable measurements for FVC andDLCO.
EEG-IP: an international infant EEG data integration platform for the study of risk and resilience in autism and related conditions
Authors: van Noordt Stefon , Desjardins James A. , Huberty Scott , Abou-Abbas Lina , Webb Sara Jane , Levin April R. , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Evans Alan C. , Elsabbagh Mayada
Published: May 2020

Background

Establishing reliable predictive and diganostic biomarkers of autism would enhance early identification and facilitate targeted intervention during periods of greatest plasticity in early brain development. High impact research on biomarkers is currently limited by relatively small sample sizes and the complexity of the autism phenotype.

Methods

EEG-IP is an International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform developed to advance biomarker discovery by enhancing the large scale integration of multi-site data. Currently, this is the largest multi-site standardized dataset of infant EEG data.

Results

First, multi-site data from longitudinal cohort studies of infants at risk for autism was pooled in a common repository with 1382 EEG longitudinal recordings, linked behavioral data, from 432 infants between 3- to 36-months of age. Second, to address challenges of limited comparability across independent recordings, EEG-IP applied the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)-EEG standard, resulting in a harmonized, extendable, and integrated data state. Finally, the pooled and harmonized raw data was preprocessed using a common signal processing pipeline that maximizes signal isolation and minimizes data reduction. With EEG-IP, we produced a fully standardized data set, of the pooled, harmonized, and pre-processed EEG data from multiple sites.

Conclusions

Implementing these integrated solutions for the first time with infant data has demonstrated success and challenges in generating a standardized multi-site data state. The challenges relate to annotation of signal sources, time, and ICA analysis during pre-processing. A number of future opportunities also emerge, including validation of analytic pipelines that can replicate existing findings and/or test novel hypotheses.
A WS2 Case Theoretical Study: Hydrogen Storage Performance Improved by Phase Altering
Authors: Zhou Jing , Cao Jiamu , Shi Jianing , Zhang Yufeng , Chen Junyu , Wang Weiqi , Liu Xiaowei
Published: May 2020

Hydrogen is a clean energy with high efficiency, while the storage and transport problems still prevent its extensive use. Because of the large specific surface area and unique electronic structure, two-dimensional materials have great potential in hydrogen storage. Particularly, monolayer 2H-WS2 has been proven to be suitable for hydrogen storage. But there are few studies concerning the other two phases of WS2 (1T, 1T′) in hydrogen storage. Here, we carried out first-principle calculations to investigate the hydrogen adsorption behaviors of all the three phases of WS2. Multiple hydrogen adsorption studies also evaluate the hydrogen storage abilities of these materials. Comprehensive analysis results show that the 1T′-WS2 has better hydrogen storage performance than the 2H-WS2, which means phase engineering could be an effective way to improve hydrogen storage performance. This paper provides a reference for the further study of hydrogen storage in two-dimensional materials.
The EMR-rural project: key techniques and devices development for rural environmental monitoring and remediation in China
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Shao Ying , He Miao , Liang Jialiang , Jiang Yanxue , Wang Yayi , Zhou Minghua , Gong Zongqiang , Zhou Xiaohong , Fang Fang , Guo Jinsong
Published: May 2020

Rural development, as one of the biggest challenges facing human beings recently, has attracted widely attention in the world, among which rural environment protection is essential for sustainable development. In response to the call to build “green livable villages”, the environmental monitoring and remediation in rural project (EMR-rural project) is launched. EMR-rural (2019 to 2022) is funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MOST). The project aims to develop key techniques and devices for contamination classification, risk assessment, pollution sources tracing and environmental remediation with regard to soil, underground and surface water quality in rural area. To this end, a new generation of physical, chemical and biological tools is integrated with intelligent management platform. The project follows a problem-oriented approach by in situ investigation, lab/pilot-scale mechanism exploration and field determination. EMR-rural takes advantage of the access to the applicable techniques and devices to investigate and to restore soil and water pollution in river network areas, mountainous areas as well as cold areas of China.
Natural and anthropogenic driving forces as key elements in the Lower Danube Basin–South-Eastern Carpathians–North-Western Black Sea coast area lakes: a broken stepping stones for fish in a climatic change scenario?
Authors: Bănăduc Doru , Joy Michael , Olosutean Horea , Afanasyev Sergey , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela
Published: May 2020

Background

Climate changes influence the ecosystems and induce potential risks regarding the natural products and services; the human society should predict and adapt in time to these coming global challenges. This research highlights a possible fragmentation of some of the Lower Danube River Basin lentic ecosystems fish populations in a climate change scenario.

Results

The studied climate change potential events will affect 18 fish species of economic interest and eight of conservation interest and will induce disorder in some of the Lower Danube specific type of fish communities. The studied area was identified as a significant hot spot regarding the fish fauna ecological status major hazard, in a possible climate change (heating–drought–water depth decreasing) sequence of potential future events. Primarily the southern lakes of the studied area can be negatively influenced by the decreasing of the lakes water quality and quantity, some of the spawning habitats will vanish, some habitats and species will disappear, suspended sediment and nutrient levels in water will increase, eutrophication phenomenon will increase, the hydrological connectivity will diminish, fish associations’ structure will significantly change, etc.

Conclusions

The climate changes trend in the Lower Danube Basin will affect the studied lakes ecological state and associated fish communities; mitigating measures are urgently needed. The future potential relative isolation of researched lakes by the surrounding hydrographical nets, for safety reasons of human communities or to convert inland areas should be banned specially for the lakes: Balta Domnească, Razelm, Tăbăcărie, Siutghiol, Taşaul, Tatlageac, Sinoe, Potcoava, Snagov, Comana, Victoria Gheormane, Dunărea Veche, Oltina, and Bugeac. Some of the researched lakes should be managed as wetlands of international importance and as important stepping stone areas for the fish fauna of the Danube Basin: Snagov, Comana, Victoria Gheormane, Dunărea Veche, Oltina, and Bugeac.
Prevalence and factors associated with pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries: case Finland
Authors: Malin Fanny , Silla Anne , Mladenović Miloš N.
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries (MAIS3+) in traffic, and to identify differences in the factors associated with the injury severities. The study included all motor vehicle-pedestrian accidents in Finland in 2014–2017 and exposure data from the national travel survey of 2016. The results showed a heightened fatality and serious injury rate specifically for pedestrians aged over 75 years and in rural heartland areas. Furthermore, differences were identified in the current speed limit, municipality type, lighting conditions, vehicle type, area type, accident location, and road conditions between pedestrian fatalities and serious injuries. The main implications of the study are that traffic safety measures should be tailored to local conditions and amended and redirected to account for both fatalities and serious injuries. In order to conduct comparative studies between countries and support the achievement of transport policy objectives, further harmonisation of definitions and data collection procedures for traffic accidents is needed.
Identifying novel associations in GWAS by hierarchical Bayesian latent variable detection of differentially misclassified phenotypes
Authors: Shafquat Afrah , Crystal Ronald G. , Mezey Jason G.
Published: May 2020

Background

Heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of complex diseases in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) may lead to misdiagnoses and misclassification errors that can significantly impact discovery of disease loci. While well appreciated, almost all analyses of GWAS data consider reported disease phenotype values as is without accounting for potential misclassification.

Results

Here, we introduce Phenotype Latent variable Extraction of disease misdiagnosis (PheLEx), a GWAS analysis framework that learns and corrects misclassified phenotypes using structured genotype associations within a dataset. PheLEx consists of a hierarchical Bayesian latent variable model, where inference of differential misclassification is accomplished using filtered genotypes while implementing a full mixed model to account for population structure and genetic relatedness in study populations. Through simulations, we show that the PheLEx framework dramatically improves recovery of the correct disease state when considering realistic allele effect sizes compared to existing methodologies designed for Bayesian recovery of disease phenotypes. We also demonstrate the potential of PheLEx for extracting new potential loci from existing GWAS data by analyzing bipolar disorder and epilepsy phenotypes available from the UK Biobank. From the PheLEx analysis of these data, we identified new candidate disease loci not previously reported for these datasets that have value for supplemental hypothesis generation.

Conclusion

PheLEx shows promise in reanalyzing GWAS datasets to provide supplemental candidate loci that are ignored by traditional GWAS analysis methodologies.