bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malassezia sympodialis Mala s 1 allergen is a potential KELCH protein that cross reacts with human skin
Authors: Corzo Leon Dora E , Scheynius Annika , MacCallum Donna M , Munro Carol A
Published: May 2023

Malassezia are the dominant commensal yeast species of the human skin microbiota and are associated with inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic eczema (AE). The Mala s 1 allergen of Malassezia sympodialis is a β-propeller protein, inducing both IgE and T-cell reactivity in AE patients. We demonstrate by immuno-electron microscopy that Mala s 1 is mainly located in the M. sympodialis yeast cell wall. An anti-Mala s 1 antibody did not inhibit M. sympodialis growth suggesting Mala s 1 may not be an antifungal target. In silico analysis of the predicted Mala s 1 protein sequence identified a motif indicative of a KELCH protein, a subgroup of β-propeller proteins. To test the hypothesis that antibodies against Mala s 1 cross-react with human skin (KELCH) proteins we examined the binding of the anti-Mala s 1 antibody to human skin explants and visualized binding in the epidermal skin layer. Putative human targets recognized by the anti-Mala s 1 antibody were identified by immunoblotting and proteomics. We propose that Mala s 1 is a KELCH-like β-propeller protein with similarity to human skin proteins. Mala s 1 recognition may trigger cross-reactive responses that contribute to skin diseases associated with M. sympodialis.
Knowledge Production beyond West-Centrism in IR: Toward Global IR 2.0
Authors: Eun Yong-Soo
Published: May 2023

The primary purpose of this article is to advance the ongoing global international relations (Global IR) debate and to offer some possible paths toward Global IR 2.0. To this end, this article first analyzes how Global IR has emerged, what contributions it makes to giving new impetus to IR knowledge (production), and, more importantly, what charges are leveled against Global IR. Although Global IR has produced an important body of scholarship, contributing substantially to identifying West-centrism as a key point of contention in IR and nudging the discipline toward theoretical pluralism, Global IR in its current form still carries the risk of reinforcing the old hierarchical and essentialized structure of knowledge production in ways that are analytic, epistemological, and ontological. Following this critical mapping exercise, I argue that while Global IR can serve as a key signifier of challenge to West-centrism, this important signifier needs to be redefined in terms of what it indicates and means—thereby becoming Global IR 2.0. In onto-epistemological terms, Global IR 2.0 relates more directly to questioning and dissolving essentialized ways of knowing in the discipline. In the final section of this article, I elaborate on how to realize this idea and harness it in practice.
Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Latin American countries: a systematic review
Authors: Sandoval María Macarena , Bardach Ariel , Rojas-Roque Carlos , Alconada Tomás , Gomez Jorge A , Pinto Thatiana , Palermo Carolina , Ciapponi Agustin
Published: May 2023

Background

Detailed information is needed on the dynamic pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Objectives

To conduct a systematic review of AMR in N. gonorrhoeae in LAC.

Methods

Electronic searches without language restrictions were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, EconLIT, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences. Studies were eligible if published between 1 January 2011 and 13 February 2021, conducted in any LAC country (regardless of age, sex and population) and measured frequency and/or patterns of AMR to any antimicrobial in N. gonorrhoeae. The WHO Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (WHO-GASP) for LAC countries and Latin American AMR Surveillance

Network databases were searched. AMR study quality was evaluated according to WHO recommendations.

Results

AMR data for 38, 417 isolates collected in 1990–2018 were included from 31 publications, reporting data from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela and WHO-GASP. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was infrequent (0.09%–8.5%). Resistance to azithromycin was up to 32% in the published studies and up to 61% in WHO-GASP. Resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was high (17.6%–98%, 20.7%–90% and 5.9%–89%, respectively). Resistance to gentamicin was not reported, and resistance to spectinomycin was reported in one study.

Conclusions

This review provides data on resistance to azithromycin, potentially important given its use as first-line empirical treatment, and indicates the need for improved surveillance of gonococcal AMR in LAC.

Trial registration: Registered in PROSPERO, CRD42021253342.
Wheat rhizosphere colonization by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W10 and Pseudomonas protegens FD6 suppress soil and in planta abundance of the sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis
Authors: Zhang Qingxia , Liu Yinyin , Harvey Paul R , Stummer Belinda E , Yang Jinglong , Ji Zhaolin
Published: May 2023

Aims

Develop quantitative assays (qPCR) to determine the wheat rhizosphere competence of inoculant strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W10 and Pseudomonas protegens FD6, and their suppressive efficacies against the sharp eyespot pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis.

Methods and results

Antimicrobial metabolites of strains W10 and FD6 decreased in vitro growth of R. cerealis. A qPCR assay for strain W10 was designed from a diagnostic AFLP fragment and the rhizosphere dynamics of both strains in wheat seedlings were compared by culture-dependent (CFU) and qPCR assays. The qPCR minimum detection limits for strains W10 and FD6 were log 3.04 and log 4.03 genome (cell) equivalents g−1 soil, respectively. Inoculant soil and rhizosphere abundance determined by CFU and qPCR were highly correlated (r > 0.91). In wheat bioassays, rhizosphere abundance of strain FD6 was up to 80-fold greater (P < 0.001) than strain W10 at 14 and 28 days postinoculation. Both inoculants reduced (P < 0.05) rhizosphere soil and root abundance of R. cerealis by up to 3-fold.

Conclusions

Strain FD6 exhibited greater abundance in wheat roots and rhizosphere soil than strain W10 and both inoculants decreased the rhizosphere abundance of R. cerealis.
Unintended Intrauterine Death and Preterm Delivery: What Does Philosophy Have to Offer?
Authors: Colgrove Nicholas
Published: May 2023

This special issue of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy focuses on unintended intrauterine death (UID) and preterm delivery (both phenomena that are commonly—and unhelpfully—referred to as “miscarriage,” “spontaneous abortion,” and “early pregnancy loss”). In this essay, I do two things. First, I outline contributors’ arguments. Most contributors directly respond to “inconsistency arguments,” which purport to show that abortion opponents are unjustified in their comparative treatment of abortion and UID. Contributors to this issue show that such arguments often rely on a grossly oversimplified picture of abortion opponents’ views. Furthermore, contributions in this issue weigh in on issues regarding UID with theoretical import and therapeutic implication beyond the inconsistency argument debate. These papers can be mined for principles that better inform us about anembryonic pregnancies (i.e., nonviable pregnancies in which a gestational sac exists but no embryonic pole can be seen via transvaginal ultrasound), UID-prevention research, the law concerning UID (especially post-Dobbs), policies for handling embryonic remains, and moral psychology as it relates to UID, emotion, and empathy. In each case, conceptual philosophical analysis might bring about therapeutic benefits for those affected by UID. Philosophers, therefore, are in position not only to provide clarity—careful analysis and discussion of UID and related phenomena—but are also in position to genuinely help people affected by UID.
Antitrust Economics of Cryptocurrency Mining
Authors: Deuflhard Florian , Heller C-Philipp
Published: May 2023

The development of blockchain-based applications, to date mostly virtual currencies, touches many areas of law and economics. The most well-known applications of public blockchains rely on Proof of Work as a consensus mechanism in which miners compete to solve a cryptographic puzzle. We argue that economic tools for market definition may be adapted to delineate relevant cryptocurrency mining markets. Antitrust law can help to prevent network attacks and exclusion of transactions with lower fees by large miners. When multiple blockchains are part of the same market, the role of network effects in securing the leading position of more established cryptocurrencies can potentially lead to exclusionary behaviour.
Pneumoperitoneum: always a surgical case?
Authors: Sandica Andreea , Baraksei Djawid , Hüsken Sabeth , Viebahn Richard , Snopok Iurii
Published: May 2023

Spontaneous idiopathic pneumoperitoneum (SIP) is a rare condition in the surgical practice. We introduce a case of an alcoholic male who presented with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea without clinical signs of peritonitis. A computed tomography of the abdomen showed free air distributed mainly along the ascending colon. We performed an emergency laparoscopy, which revealed no signs of perforation or bowl ischemia but showed air bubbles in the mesentery along the ascending colon. Subsequent endoscopy revealed unclassified inflammatory bowel disease manifesting in the rectum, erythematous mucosa and epithelialized erosions of the stomach. The patient discharged himself on Day 8 after the surgery. The causes of SIP are unknown, but some authors assume microperforation. SIP can be a challenge for the choice of therapy. Laparoscopy may be particularly beneficial in patients with generalized peritonitis, while patients with moderate symptoms may benefit from conservative treatment.
Sensitivity of Symptom-Based Screening for COVID-19 in Active Duty Basic Trainees
Authors: Matthews Zachary K , Cybulski Daniel J , Frankel Dianne N , Kieffer John W , Casey Theresa M , Osuna Angela B , Yun Heather C , Marcus Joseph E
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Symptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) screening has been a cornerstone of case identification during the pandemic. Despite the myriad of COVID-19 symptoms, symptom screens have primarily focused on symptoms of influenza-like illnesses such as fever, cough, and dyspnea. It is unknown how well these symptoms identify cases in a young, healthy military population. This study aims to evaluate the utility of symptom-based screening in identifying COVID-19 through three different COVID-19 waves.

Materials and Methods

A convenience sample of 600 military trainees who arrived at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland in 2021 and 2022 were included. Two hundred trainees with symptomatic COVID-19 before the emergence of the Delta variant (February-April 2021), when Delta variant was predominant (June-August 2021), and when Omicron was the predominant variant (January 2022) had their presenting symptoms compared. At each time point, the sensitivity of a screen for influenza-like illness symptoms was calculated.

Results

Of the 600 symptomatic active duty service members who tested positive for COVID-19, the most common symptoms were sore throat (n = 385, 64%), headache (n = 334, 56%), and cough (n = 314, 52%). Although sore throat was the most prominent symptom during Delta (n = 140, 70%) and Omicron (n = 153, 77%), headache was the most common before Delta (n = 93, 47%). There were significant differences in symptoms by vaccination status; for example, ageusia was more common in patients who were not completely vaccinated (3% vs. 0%, P = .01). Overall, screening for fever, cough, or dyspnea had a 65% sensitivity with its lowest sensitivity in the pre-Delta cases (54%) and highest sensitivity in Omicron cases (78%).

Conclusions

In this descriptive cross-sectional study evaluating symptomatic military members with COVID-19, symptom prevalence varied based on predominant circulating COVID-19 variant as well as patients’ vaccination status. As screening strategies evolve with the pandemic, changing symptom prevalence should be considered.
Traumatic Transradial Forearm Amputation Temporized With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Brief Report
Authors: Hegeman Erik M , Fisher Miles W A , Cognetti Daniel J , Plucknette Benjamin F , Alderete Joseph F , Wilson David , Causey Marlin Wayne
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is typically used to provide mechanical perfusion and gas exchange to critically ill patients with cardiopulmonary failure. We present a case of a traumatic high transradial amputation in which the amputated limb was placed on ECMO to allow for limb perfusion during bony fixation and preparations and coordination of orthopedic and vascular soft tissue reconstructions.

Materials and Methods

This is a descriptive single case report which underwent managment at a level 1 trauma center. Instutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained.

Results

This case highlights many important factors of limb salvage. First, complex limb salvage requires a well-organized, pre-planned multi-disciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. Second, advancements in trauma resuscitation and reconstructive techniques over the past 20 years have drastically expanded the ability of treating surgeons to preserve limbs that would have otherwise been indicated for amputation. Lastly, which will be the focus of further discussion, ECMO and EP have a role in the limb salvage algorithm to extend current timing limitations for ischemia, allow for multidisciplinary planning, and prevent reperfusion injury with increasing literature to support its use.

Conclusions

ECMO is an emerging technology that may have clinical utility for traumatic amputations, limb salvage, and free flap cases. In particular, it may extend current limitations of ischemia time and reduce the incidence of ischemia reperfusion injury in proximal amputation, thus expanding the current indications for proximal limb replantation. It is clear that developing a multi-disciplinary limb salvage team with standardized treatment protocols is paramount to optimize patient outcomes and allows limb salvage to be pursued in increasingly complex cases.
Failure to Plan: The Disease That Cost an American Empire
Authors: Turner Matthew D , Sapp Jason
Published: May 2023

In 1802, the deadliest recorded epidemic of yellow fever struck a French expeditionary force, permanently destroying Napoleon Bonaparte’s ambition to re-conquer Haiti and secure a North American empire. Toussaint L’Ouverture, Haitian revolutionary, effectively used his medical experience to spread this disease among French troops.
White dwarf mass growth in cataclysmic variables: roles of dwarf novae
Authors: Liu Wei-Min , Jiang Long , Chen Wen-Cong , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: May 2023

The disc instability mechanism (DIM) is widely accepted to account for the transient behaviour of dwarf novae (DNe), which experience short outbursts separated by long quiescence. The duty cycle (the ratio between the outburst duration and the recurrence time) determines the amount of accreted mass by the white dwarf (WDs) during outbursts, thus playing an important role in the long-term binary evolution. Employing the code of Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, we systemically investigate the influence of the duty cycles on the evolution of DNe and the mass growth of accreting carbon-oxygen (CO) WDs. Our calculations show that, while the DIM can considerably influence the accretion process, efficient WD-mass growth requires a particular range of the duty cycle. For WDs with the initial masses of 0.6, 0.7, and 1.1 M⊙, these duty cycles are 0.006$\, \le$d$\, \le$0.007, d  =  0.005, and, d  = 0.003 and the accumulated mass of the WDs can reach 0.1, 0.13, and 0.21 M⊙, respectively. In all of our simulations, no CO WDs can grow their masses to the explosion mass of Type Ia supernovae of about 1.38 M⊙. Because of a much short time-scale of the outburst state, the final donor-star masses and orbital periods are insensitive to the duty cycles. Therefore, we propose that the DIM in DNe could alleviate the WD mass problem to some extent.
Spectral age distribution for radio-loud active galaxies in the XMM-LSS field
Authors: Pinjarkar Siddhant , Hardcastle Martin J , Harwood Jeremy J , Lal Dharam V , Hatfield Peter W , Jarvis Matt J , Randriamanakoto Zara , Whittam Imogen H
Published: May 2023

Jets of energetic particles, as seen in FR type-I and FR type-II sources, ejected from the centre of radio-loud AGN affect the sources surrounding the intracluster medium/intergalactic medium. Placing constraints on the age of such sources is important in order to measure the jet powers and determine the effects on feedback. To evaluate the age of these sources using spectral age models, we require high-resolution multiwavelength data. The new sensitive and high-resolution MIGHTEE survey of the XMM-LSS field, along with data from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) provide data taken at different frequencies with similar resolution, which enables us to determine the spectral age distribution for radio-loud AGN in the survey field. In this study, we present a sample of 28 radio galaxies with their best-fitting spectral age distribution analysed using the Jaffe–Perola (JP) model on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Fits are generally good, and objects in our sample show maximum ages within the range of 2.8 to 115 Myr with a median of 8.71 Myr. High-resolution maps over a range of frequencies are required to observe detailed age distributions for small sources, and high-sensitivity maps will be needed in order to observe fainter extended emission. We do not observe any correlation between the total physical size of the sources and their age, and we speculate that both dynamical models and the approach to spectral age analysis may need some modification to account for our observations.
SN 2022ann: a Type Icn supernova from a dwarf galaxy that reveals helium in its circumstellar environment
Authors: Davis K W , Taggart K , Tinyanont S , Foley R J , Villar V A , Izzo L , Angus C R , Bustamante-Rosell M J , Coulter D A , Earl N , Farias D , Hjorth J , Huber M E , Jones D O , Kelly P L , Kilpatrick C D , Langeroodi D , Miao H-Y , Pellegrino C M , Ramirez-Ruiz E , Ransome C L , Rest S , Siebert M R , Terreran G , Thornton I M , Yadavalli S K , Zeimann G R , Auchettl K , Bom C R , Brink T G , Burke J , Camacho-Neves Y , Chambers K C , de Boer T J L , DeMarchi L , Filippenko A V , Galbany L , Gall C , Gao H , Herpich F R , Howell D A , Jacobson-Galan W V , Jha S W , Kanaan A , Khetan N , Kwok L A , Lai Z , Larison C , Lin C-C , Loertscher K C , Magnier E A , McCully C , McGill P , Newsome M , Padilla Gonzalez E , Pan Y-C , Rest A , Rho J , Ribeiro T , Santos A , Schoenell W , Sharief S N , Smith K W , Wainscoat R J , Wang Q , Zenati Y , Zheng W
Published: May 2023

We present optical and near-infrared (NIR) observations of the Type Icn supernova (SN Icn) 2022ann, the fifth member of its newly identified class of SNe. Its early optical spectra are dominated by narrow carbon and oxygen P-Cygni features with absorption velocities of ∼800 km s−1; slower than other SNe Icn and indicative of interaction with a dense, H/He-poor circumstellar medium (CSM) that is outflowing slower than typical Wolf–Rayet wind velocities of >1000 km s−1. We identify helium in NIR spectra 2 weeks after maximum and in optical spectra at 3 weeks, demonstrating that the CSM is not fully devoid of helium. Unlike other SNe Icn, the spectra of SN 2022ann never develop broad features from SN ejecta, including in the nebular phase. Compared to other SNe Icn, SN 2022ann has a low luminosity (o-band absolute magnitude of ∼−17.7), and evolves slowly. The bolometric light curve is well-modelled by 4.8 M⊙ of SN ejecta interacting with 1.3 M⊙ of CSM. We place an upper limit of 0.04 M⊙ of 56Ni synthesized in the explosion. The host galaxy is a dwarf galaxy with a stellar mass of 107.34 M⊙ (implied metallicity of log(Z/Z⊙) ≈ 0.10) and integrated star-formation rate of log (SFR) = −2.20 M⊙ yr−1; both lower than 97 per cent of galaxies observed to produce core-collapse supernovae, although consistent with star-forming galaxies on the galaxy Main Sequence. The low CSM velocity, nickel and ejecta masses, and likely low-metallicity environment disfavour a single Wolf–Rayet progenitor star. Instead, a binary companion is likely required to adequately strip the progenitor and produce a low-velocity outflow.
Les considérations en matière de confidentialité et de protection de la vie privée lors de la prestation des services de santé aux adolescents
Authors: Agostino Holly , Toulany Alene
Published: May 2023

La confidentialité des soins fait partie des caractéristiques des services de santé de qualité aux adolescents. Du temps seul à seul avec le professionnel de la santé, l’accès à l’information en matière de santé réservé aux personnes autorisées et l’obtention d’un consentement éclairé avant de donner les services sans demander le consentement d’un parent, d’un tuteur ou d’un proche, font partie des fondements des soins confidentiels aux adolescents. La confidentialité est un principe fondamental qui s’applique à toutes les rencontres médicales, quel que soit l’âge, mais les considérations propres aux patients adolescents aptes ne sont pas toujours comprises ni prises en compte. S’ils donnent aux adolescents des soins confidentiels d’une quantité et d’une qualité appropriées, les cliniciens sont mieux en mesure d’obtenir une anamnèse et un examen physique complets, et ils habilitent les adolescents à développer leur capacité d’agir, leur autonomie, leur confiance et leur responsabilité à l’égard de leurs décisions en matière de santé et de la prise en charge de leurs propres soins.
Le temps d’écran et les enfants d’âge préscolaire : la promotion de la santé et du développement dans un monde numérique
Authors: Ponti Michelle
Published: May 2023

La COVID-19 a transformé l’environnement médiatique familial et suscité des recherches sur les effets de l’exposition aux médias sur écran et de leur utilisation chez les jeunes enfants. La présente mise à jour d’un document de principes de la SCP publié en 2017 passe de nouveau en revue les bienfaits et les risques potentiels des médias sur écran chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans et s’attarde sur leur santé développementale, psychosociale et physique. Quatre principes reposant sur des données probantes — limiter le temps d’écran, en atténuer les effets négatifs, les utiliser en pleine conscience et donner l’exemple d’habitudes saines — continuent d’orienter l’expérience précoce des enfants dans un paysage médiatique en rapide évolution. Les connaissances sur l’apprentissage et le développement des jeunes enfants éclairent les pratiques exemplaires recommandées aux professionnels de la santé et aux professionnels de la petite enfance (p. ex., éducatrices à la petite enfance, fournisseurs de services de garde). Les conseils préventifs devraient désormais inclure l’utilisation des écrans par les enfants et les familles en contexte de pandémie (et par la suite).
Is the neighborhood of interaction in human crowds metric, topological, or visual?
Authors: Wirth Trenton D , Dachner Gregory C , Rio Kevin W , Warren William H
Published: May 2023

Global patterns of collective motion in bird flocks, fish schools, and human crowds are thought to emerge from local interactions within a neighborhood of interaction, the zone in which an individual is influenced by their neighbors. Both metric and topological neighborhoods have been reported in animal groups, but this question has not been addressed for human crowds. The answer has important implications for modeling crowd behavior and predicting crowd disasters such as jams, crushes, and stampedes. In a metric neighborhood, an individual is influenced by all neighbors within a fixed radius, whereas in a topological neighborhood, an individual is influenced by a fixed number of nearest neighbors, regardless of their physical distance. A recently proposed alternative is a visual neighborhood, in which an individual is influenced by the optical motions of all visible neighbors. We test these hypotheses experimentally by asking participants to walk in real and virtual crowds and manipulating the crowd's density. Our results rule out a topological neighborhood, are approximated by a metric neighborhood, but are best explained by a visual neighborhood that has elements of both. We conclude that the neighborhood of interaction in human crowds follows naturally from the laws of optics and suggest that previously observed “topological” and “metric” interactions might be a consequence of the visual neighborhood.
The genomic diversity of Taiwanese Austronesian groups: Implications for the “Into- and Out-of-Taiwan” models
Authors: Liu Dang , Ko Albert Min-Shan , Stoneking Mark
Published: May 2023

The origin and dispersal of the Austronesian language family, one of the largest and most widespread in the world, have long attracted the attention of linguists, archaeologists, and geneticists. Even though there is a growing consensus that Taiwan is the source of the spread of Austronesian languages, little is known about the migration patterns of the early Austronesians who settled in and left Taiwan, i.e. the “Into-Taiwan” and “out-of-Taiwan” events. In particular, the genetic diversity and structure within Taiwan and how this relates to the into-/out-of-Taiwan events are largely unexplored, primarily because most genomic studies have largely utilized data from just two of the 16 recognized Highland Austronesian groups in Taiwan. In this study, we generated the largest genome-wide data set of Taiwanese Austronesians to date, including six Highland groups and one Lowland group from across the island and two Taiwanese Han groups. We identified fine-scale genomic structure in Taiwan, inferred the ancestry profile of the ancestors of Austronesians, and found that the southern Taiwanese Austronesians show excess genetic affinities with the Austronesians outside of Taiwan. Our findings thus shed new light on the Into- and Out-of-Taiwan dispersals.
Staying True to the Founding Principles: A Review Article
Authors: Bessette Joseph M
Published: May 2023

In The Nation That Never Was: Reconstructing America's Story, Kermit Roosevelt III argues that Americans fundamentally misunderstand the nation's founding principles, especially as articulated in the Declaration of Independence of 1776. We think that the Declaration stood for human equality and freedom – “a set of aspirations toward which the best in American history strive.” Roosevelt insists that this “view of the Declaration is exactly what we must let go.” Properly understood, the Declaration “is consistent with slavery” and even condones it: “A government that protects the rights of its citizens, including their right to enslave outsiders, is a Declaration-style government.” Roosevelt's view, however, is bereft of support in the historical record. No author of the Declaration argued that it condoned slavery. Within three decades of the nation's founding, half the states abolished slavery largely by appealing to the principles of the Declaration. Similarly, the abolitionists of the 1830s and Abraham Lincoln in the 1850s explicitly appealed to the anti-slavery principles of the Declaration. Roosevelt's own heroes of Reconstruction – leaders like John Bingham, Thaddeus Stevens, and Charles Sumner – all embraced an understanding of the Declaration fundamentally at odds with his own. Finally, Martin Luther King, whom Roosevelt claims gave lip service to the “standard story” of the American Founding only for tactical reasons and who “set aside the Founding entirely” by “the end of his life,” actually praised the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitution” the very day before his assassination in April of 1968.
Legacies of Resistance and Resilience: Antebellum Free African Americans and Contemporary Minority Social Control in the Northeast
Authors: Ward Matthew
Published: May 2023

To understand the persistence of racial disparities in the United States, inequality scholars have increasingly focused attention on historic regimes of violence and social control. In particular, a burgeoning literature examines the legacy of slavery, generally finding that where slavery was deeply entrenched, today racial inequalities and African-American deprivation are more acute. However, taking seriously the notion that history matters means considering not only the lingering effects of dehumanizing social control institutions like slavery but also the ramifications of antebellum institutions and cultures of resistance and resilience African Americans built for survival. Using quantitative methods, I examine the relationship between antebellum free African-American populations and racial inequalities in modern state-sanctioned social control. Focusing on the understudied Northeast, a region where free African-American communities flourished despite coexisting with slavery, I find that where free African Americans were more prevalent—and, thus, resistance to White’s social control efforts and resilience in the face of White hostility more robust—those same areas today display reduced levels of racial inequality in social control (i.e., lower Black–White arrest rate disparities) and reduced absolute levels of minority social control (i.e., lower African-American arrest rates). Mediation analyses reveal contemporary civil rights infrastructure, Black congregations, and Black political power operate as structural safeguards and are important components of the legacies of resistance and resilience left by free African Americans.
Complete Genome Resource of a Hypervirulent Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Strain YNCX Isolated from Yunnan Plateau Japonica Rice
Authors: A Xinxiang , Yang Yayun , Chen Xifeng , Tang Cuifeng , Zhang Feifei , Dong Chao , Wang Bin , Liu Pengcheng , Dai Luyuan
Published: May 2023

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB), is one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens in rice production worldwide. Although several complete genome sequences of Xoo strains have been released in public databases, they are mainly isolated from low-altitude indica rice cultivating areas. Here, a hypervirulent strain, YNCX, isolated from the high-altitude japonica rice-growing region in Yunnan Plateau, was used to extract genomic DNA for PacBio sequencing and Illumina sequencing. After assembly, a high-quality complete genome consisting of a circular chromosome and six plasmids was generated. The genome sequence of YNCX provides a valuable resource for high-altitude races and enables the identification of new virulence TALE effectors, contributing to a better understanding of rice-Xoo interactions.
TFAP2C inhibits cell autophagy to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating miR‐23a‐5p/SFRP5/Wnt5a axis
Authors: Zeng Min , Wei Xin , He Yang‐Li , Chen Ji‐Xiong , Lin Wen‐Ting
Published: May 2023

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury contributes to severe injury for cardiomyocytes. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of TFAP2C on cell autophagy in MI/R injury. MTT assay measured cell viability. The cells injury was evaluated by commercial kits. IF detected the level of LC3B. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ChIP or RIP assay were performed to verify the interactions between crucial molecules. We found that TFAP2C and SFRP5 expression were decreased while miR‐23a‐5p and Wnt5a increased in AC16 cells in response to H/R condition. H/R induction led to cell injury and induced autophagy, which were reversed by TFAP2C overexpression or 3‐MA treatment (an autophagy inhibitor). Mechanistically, TFAP2C suppressed miR‐23a expression through binding to miR‐23a promoter, and SFRP5 was a target gene of miR‐23a‐5p. Moreover, miR‐23a‐5p overexpression or rapamycin reversed the protective impacts of TFAP2C overexpression on cells injury and autophagy upon H/R condition. In conclusion, TFAP2C inhibited autophagy to improve H/R‐induced cells injury by mediating miR‐23a‐5p/SFRP5/Wnt5a axis.
vCSF Danger-associated Molecular Patterns After Traumatic and Nontraumatic Acute Brain Injury: A Prospective Study
Authors: Santacruz Carlos A. , Vincent Jean-Louis , Duitama Jorge , Bautista Edwin , Imbault Virginie , Bruneau Michael , Creteur Jacques , Brimioulle Serge , Communi David , Taccone Fabio S.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may be implicated in the pathophysiological pathways associated with an unfavorable outcome after acute brain injury (ABI).

Methods:

We collected samples of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) for 5 days in 50 consecutive patients at risk of intracranial hypertension after traumatic and nontraumatic ABI. Differences in vCSF protein expression over time were evaluated using linear models and selected for functional network analysis using the PANTHER and STRING databases. The primary exposure of interest was the type of brain injury (traumatic vs. nontraumatic), and the primary outcome was the vCSF expression of DAMPs. Secondary exposures of interest included the occurrence of intracranial pressure ≥20 or ≥ 30 mm Hg during the 5 days post-ABI, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, and neurological outcome (assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Score) at 3 months post-ICU discharge. Secondary outcomes included associations of these exposures with the vCSF expression of DAMPs.

Results:

A network of 6 DAMPs (DAMP_

trauma
; protein-protein interaction [PPI] P=0.04) was differentially expressed in patients with ABI of traumatic origin compared with those with nontraumatic ABI. ABI patients with intracranial pressure ≥30 mm Hg differentially expressed a set of 38 DAMPS (DAMP_

ICP30
; PPI P< 0.001). Proteins in DAMP_

ICP30
are involved in cellular proteolysis, complement pathway activation, and post-translational modifications. There were no relationships between DAMP expression and ICU mortality or unfavorable versus favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

Specific patterns of vCSF DAMP expression differentiated between traumatic and nontraumatic types of ABI and were associated with increased episodes of severe intracranial hypertension.
Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Authors: Penketh James , Nolan Jerry P.
Published: May 2023

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is a multicomponent entity affecting many who survive an initial period of resuscitation following cardiac arrest. This focussed review explores some of the strategies for mitigating the effects of PCAS following the return of spontaneous circulation. We consider the current evidence for controlled oxygenation, strategies for blood-pressure targets, the timing of coronary reperfusion, and the evidence for temperature control and treatment of seizures. Despite several large trials investigating specific strategies to improve outcomes after cardiac arrest, many questions remain unanswered. Results of some studies suggest that interventions may benefit specific subgroups of cardiac arrest patients, but the optimal timing and duration of many interventions remain unknown. The role of intracranial pressure monitoring has been the subject of only a few studies, and its benefits remain unclear. Research aimed at improving the management of PCAS is ongoing.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumatoceles in a Neonate With Sotos Syndrome
Authors: Perdue Samantha , Newberry Desi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can lead to the formation of pneumatoceles in the lungs. Standard treatment guidelines are not available due to the rarity of pneumatoceles in neonates.

Clinical Findings:

Baby H. required prolonged respiratory support and supplemental oxygen to maintain appropriate oxygen saturation parameters for infants more than 34 weeks' gestation corrected. He was found to have multiple pneumatoceles in both lungs on different radiological modalities.

Primary Diagnosis:

Baby H. was a former 32.2-week gestation male infant diagnosed with pneumonia caused by necrotizing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus leading to pneumatocele formation in both lungs.

Interventions:

Baby H. was managed with aggressive antibiotic therapy and then was conservatively managed until he received a tracheostomy tube on day of life (DOL) 75 to prepare for discharge home.

Outcomes:

Baby H. was discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on DOL 113 with a tracheostomy tube for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support and a gastrostomy tube for nutrition. Numerous follow-up appointments with specialists have occurred since discharge.

Practice Recommendations:

While methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumatoceles are uncommon in the NICU setting, it is important for neonatal care providers to be aware of the causes and treatment choices currently available. Although conservative therapy is commonly utilized, it is important that nurses learn other available management strategies such as the ones highlighted in this article to best advocate for their patients.
Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis With Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature Syndrome: A Systemic Review
Authors: Altom Ahmad , Khader Sarah Abd Elaziz , Gad Abdelrahman Gamil , Anadani Rami , Dang Dung Phuong , Ansar Farrukh , Chaudhari Jinalben , Crespo-Quezada Juan , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: May 2023

Background:

Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome is a rare, hereditary, autoinflammatory disease. However, there are few cases reported in the literature. Therefore, we conduct this systematic review to summarize current evidence.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search in July 2021 using 11 different electronic databases. The included articles were screened according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed using an appropriate quality assessment tool. Then, the relevant data were extracted and summarized in tables accordingly. Each step of the previous one was done by 3 independent reviewers, and the conflicts were resolved by discussion and sometimes by counseling a senior member.

Results:

The final included studies were 18 articles with 34 cases (mean age = 8 years, male/female = 19/15). The most reported symptoms and signs were fever 97.1%, erythematous plaques 76.5%, arthralgia 67.6%, hepatomegaly 61.8%, violaceous hue 61.8%, lipodystrophy in extremities 53.1% in addition to low weight and height. Rare features were reported too. The laboratories were not specific, which may be explained by a systemic inflammatory response. Vasculitis was the dominant feature in the skin biopsy, whereas the calcification in the basal ganglia was a prominent sign in many cases.

Conclusions:

Fever, skin lesions, and systemic inflammatory response were the prominent features of chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome. The clinical picture is the main guide in addition to the pathological findings. Mutation detection is the confirmatory test. Prednisolone is the most effective reported treatment for acute presentations in the literature.
Leser-Trélat Sign in Association With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Ming , Xu Tao , Huang Jian-Guo , Fan Jian-Yong
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The Leser-Trélat sign is a paraneoplastic skin syndrome characterized by the sudden eruption of pruritic seborrheic keratoses in association with underlying carcinoma.

Herein, we report a rare case of the Leser-Trélat sign in association with B-cell lymphoma.

Case presentation:

A 76-year-old man presented at our hospital with lower back/abdominal pain and a sudden eruption of black papules at multiple sites. Contrast-enhanced CT indicated a solid abdominal mass with multiple metastases. The histopathological examination of a lymph node biopsy led to a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A biopsy of the black papules confirmed the diagnosis of seborrheic keratoses.

Discussion:

The clinical and histological findings supported the diagnosis of the Leser-Trélat sign. The seborrheic keratoses were skin manifestations of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should be aware that the eruption of seborrheic keratoses may be associated with visceral malignancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the Leser-Trélat sign in association with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Estimation of Left Ventricular Stroke Work for Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Wu Eric L. , Maw Martin , Stephens Andrew F. , Stevens Michael C. , Fraser John F. , Tansley Geoffrey , Moscato Francesco , Gregory Shaun D.
Published: May 2023

Continuous monitoring of left ventricular stroke work (LVSW) may improve the medical management of patients with rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). However, implantable pressure–volume sensors are limited by measurement drift and hemocompatibility. Instead, estimator algorithms derived from rotary LVAD signals may be a suitable alternative. An LVSW estimator algorithm was developed and evaluated in a range of in vitro and ex vivo cardiovascular conditions during full assist (closed aortic valve [AoV]) and partial assist (opening AoV) mode. For full assist, the LVSW estimator algorithm was based on LVAD flow, speed, and pump pressure head, whereas for partial assist, the LVSW estimator combined the full assist algorithm with an estimate of AoV flow. During full assist, the LVSW estimator demonstrated a good fit in vitro and ex vivo (R2: 0.97 and 0.86, respectively) with errors of ± 0.07 J. However, LVSW estimator performance was reduced during partial assist, with in vitro: R2: 0.88 and an error of ± 0.16 J and ex vivo: R2: 0.48 with errors of ± 0.11 J. Further investigations are required to improve the LVSW estimate with partial assist; however, this study demonstrated promising results for a continuous estimate of LVSW for rotary LVADs.
Conditional Survival in Lung Transplantation: An Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Database Analysis
Authors: Iguidbashian John P. , King Robert W. , Carroll Adam M. , Cotton Jake L. , Stuart Christina , Fullerton David A. , Meguid Robert A. , Suarez-Pierre Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Lung transplantation survival estimates are traditionally reported as fixed 1-, 5-, and 10-year mortality rates. Alternatively, this study aims to demonstrate how conditional survival models can provide useful prognostic information tailored to the time a recipient has already survived from the date of transplantation. Recipient data was obtained from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. Data from 24,820 adult recipients over age 18 who received a lung transplant between 2002 and 2017 were included in the study. Five-year observed conditional survival estimates were calculated by recipient age, sex, race, transplant indication, transplant type (i.e., single or double), and renal function at the time of transplantation. Significant variability exists in conditional survival following lung transplantation. Each specific recipient characteristic significantly impacted conditional survival during at least one time point in the first 5 years. Younger age and double lung transplantation were the two most positive predictors of improved conditional survival consistently throughout the 5-year study period. Conditional survival in lung transplantation recipients changes over time and across recipient characteristics. Hazards of mortality are not fixed and need to be dynamically evaluated as a function of time. Conditional survival calculations can provide more accurate prognostic predictions than unconditional survival estimates.
Functional outcome of campanacci grade 3 giant cell tumours of distal radius after resection and reconstruction with ulnar translocation technique: a case series
Authors: Johan Muhammad Phetrus , Sukendar Anthony Evans , Yurianto Henry , Singjie Leonard Christianto , Abidin Mohammad Asri , Arifin Jainal , Usman Muhammad Andry , Sakuda Tomohiko , Saleh M. Ruksal
Published: May 2023

Background:

Reconstruction after en-bloc resection can be challenging in cases of Campanacci grade 3 giant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB) of the distal radius. Here, the authors examined the outcomes of patients with Campanacci grade 3 GCTBs of the distal radius who underwent wrist arthrodesis and reconstruction with ulnar translocation.

Material and methods:

This case series was a retrospective single-centre study. Clinical assessments regarding the functional status and complications were follow-up. The functional results were evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) and Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Score. Pairedt-tests were used to compare the MSTS and DASH scores separately before and after the operation. Statistical differences were considered significant atPless than 0.05.

Results:

Seven patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 14.43±8.08 months. The average length of tumour resection was 9.78±2.88 cm. The average range of motion of the involved forearm was 82.66° of supination and 81.54° of pronation. The average MSTS score was 11.71±2.21 before and 25.14±2.41 after the operation (P<0.05). The average DASH score on admission was 40.14±14.66, which decreased to 9.02±4.23 after the operation (P<0.05). Of the seven cases, one case had a recurrence, and one patient had radioulnar synostosis.

Conclusion:

Wrist arthrodesis combined with ulnar translocation can be considered a simple and effective reconstruction method with preservation of function after en-bloc resection of Campanacci grade 3 GCTB of the distal radius. It provides good functional outcomes with low complication rates.
“Patient-reported quality of recovery after local anesthesia versus brachial plexus block in hand surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study”
Authors: Meng Fanyi , Baradaran Aslan , Mojtahed Jaberi Mehrad , Tran De QH , Finlayson Roderick , Luc Mario , Xu Liqin , Thibaudeau Stephanie
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Both local anesthesia (LA) and brachial plexus (BP) anesthesia are commonly used in hand surgery. LA has increased efficiency and reduced costs but BP is often favoured for more complex hand surgeries despite requiring greater time and resources. The primary study objective was to assess the quality of recovery of patients who receive LA or BP for hand surgery. Secondary objectives were to compare post-operative pain and opioid use.

METHODS:

This prospective, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority study enrolled patients undergoing surgery distal to the carpal bones. Patients were randomized to either LA (wrist or digital block), or BP (infraclavicular block) prior to surgery. Patients completed the Quality of recovery 15 (QoR-15) questionnaire on post-operative day one (POD1). Pain level was assessed with Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and narcotic consumption was recorded on POD1 and 3.

RESULTS:

A total of 76 patients completed the study (LA 46, BP 30). No statistically significant difference was found for median QoR-15 score between LA (127.5 [IQR 28]) and BP (123.5 [IQR 31]). The inferiority margin of LA to BP at the 95% CI was less than the minimal clinically important difference of 8, demonstrating non-inferiority of LA compared to BP. There was no statistically significant difference between LA and BP for NPRS pain scores or narcotic consumption on POD1 and 3 (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

LA is non-inferior to BP block for hand surgery in regard to patient-reported quality of recovery, post-operative pain, and narcotic use.