bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Acupressure in First Trimester Pregnant Women with Emesis Gravidarum at TPMB Nurseha in 2023
Authors: Nency Olivia , Nurseha Nurseha
Published: March 2024

Background: Pregnant women with emesis gravidarum who use acupressure can reduce or even avoid the use of anti-nausea drugs which have the potential to have side effects. This can be considered as an effective non-pharmacological alternative in treating emesis gravidarum. Purpose of Writing: Knowing the Effectiveness of Acupressure in First Trimester Pregnant Women with Emesis Gravidarum at TPMB Nurseha in 2023. Research Method : This research is a quasi-experimental research with pretest posttest with control group design. The independent variable in this study is doing acupressure and the dependent variable is Emesis Gravidarum. taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately, to find out differences in Emesis Gravidarum level scores at the pretest and posttest in each treatment group using the Paired t-test, if not normally distributed then use the Wilcoxon. Research Results: Based on research results it is known that Asymp. Sig (2 – Talled) in the intervention group is 0.000 because 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is a difference before and after acupressure is done on emesis gravidarum. While the results of the study found Asymp. Sig (2 – Talled) in the control group is 0.163 because 0.163 > 0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is no difference before and after acupressure on emesis gravidarum. So it can be concluded that there is Effectiveness of Acupressure in First Trimester Pregnant Women with Emesis Gravidarum at TPMB Nurseha in 2023.
The Difference Between The Use Of Combination Injection Contraception And Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Dmpa) Contraception With Changes In Body Weight At Tpmb Sri Haryati
Authors: Haryati Sri , Rahmadiyanti Rahmadiyanti
Published: March 2024

Background: Combined injectable contraceptives contain the hormones estrogen and progestin, while DMPA contraceptives only contain progestin. This difference can affect the response of the tube to the contraception. Purpose of Writing: to determine the difference between the use of combined injection contraception and medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) contraception with changes in body weight in TPMB Sri Haryati. Research Methods: The method in this study was an experimental design (quasi experiment) with a two group pretest posttest design. In this study, there were divided into two groups, namely the group using combined injection contraception and the group using the medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception (DMPA). Research Results The results of the independent test sample test obtained Asymp. Sig (2 – Sided) has a value of 0.946, because 0.946 > 0.05, the hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is no difference between combination injections and DPMA injections on weight changes before and after the use of combination injections and DPMA injections. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected that midwives can provide health education about family planning using injections in providing counseling both combination and DPMA have a risk of weight gain.
The Effect of Giving Black Rice Extract Ointment (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) on the Growth of Wistar Rat (Rattus Novergicus) Hair Follicles
Authors: Kartini Nancy , Denhara Wijaya Cindy , Hidayat Andri
Published: March 2024

Hair loss affects many people worldwide. Hair loss is common and can be treated with vitamins and minerals. Black rice (Oryza sativa l. indica) contains phenolic and anthocyanin-rich flavonoids. The study examined whether black rice extract ointment accelerated Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) hair follicle growth. This was an actual experiment with 30 mice. The research involved acclimating test animals in the lab, manufacturing black rice extract, and making ointment. After an Ointment Evaluation Test, Phytochemical Screening was performed. Test the FT-IR Functional Group. DPPH testing will determine antioxidant activity. Finally, four groups (control group, treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 with 10%, 20%, and 30% ointments) received treatment for 21 days. Study results were handled using SPSS. The normality test showed 0.652 > 0.05 significance, while the Independent Samples T-Test showed 0.00 < 0.05 significance. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids make black rice an antioxidant, according to the active compound test. For average hair growth, 10% black rice ointment dose therapy yielded 0.681 cm, 20% 0.769 cm, and 30% 0.851 cm. The study found that black rice extract contains high antioxidants (ppm concentration value <50) that can prevent premature skin aging and promote hair and skin health.
Comparison Of Buerger Allen Exercise With 3 Physical Therapy Modalities On The Value Of Ankle Brachial Index In Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ibrahim Ikhsan , Aisyah Nur , Suaib Suaib , Ibrahim Ikhsan
Published: March 2024

Hyperglycemia is one of the problems of people with Diabetes Mellitus, poorly controlled hyperglycemia conditions can cause complications, one of which is impaired peripheral vascular flow which can cause diabetic wounds. Vascularization disorders can be prevented by Buerger Allen Exercise therapy and 3 Physical Therapy Modalities to increase Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) values. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Buerger Allen Exercise and 3 Physical Therapy Modalities on ABI values in people with type II Diabetes Mellitus. The design of this study was Quasi Experiment Pre and post test two groups with 15 respondents of group A given Buerger Allen Exercise intervention and 15 respondents of group B given 3 Physical Therapy Modalities intervention. The results showed that there was an increase in ABI values after intervention in both groups with the difference in the Buerger Allen Exercise group increase of 0.050 while the Modaliatas Physical Therapy group amounted to 0.113. In conclusion, there was an increase in ABI values in both groups after the intervention but group 3 Modaliatas Physical Therapy had a higher increase. Intervention 3 Modaliatas Physical Therapy can be recommended as one of the alternative therapies as a prevention of complications of peripheral arterial disease.
Utilidad diagnóstica y pronóstica de la clasificación molecular en gliomas de alto grado
Authors: Ortiz Gómez Leon Dario , Vélez Gómez Sara , Martinez Garro Juliana Maria , Peláez Sánchez Ronald Guillermo
Published: March 2024

De acuerdo con la 5ª edición (2021) de la Clasificación de los Tumores Primarios del Sistema Nervioso Central de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para categorizar de manera adecuada estas neoplasias, es necesario evaluar tanto las características histológicas como las moleculares. Casos clínicos: se implementó un estudio descriptivo para una serie de cuatro casos con diagnóstico histológico de glioma de alto grado, en quienes se realizó secuenciación de próxima generación, lo que llevó a una comparación entre las metodologías, y a resaltar la importancia del uso de la biología molecular para la clasificación de estas neoplasias. Se generó una modificación en la clasificación taxonómica inicial realizada por histopatología, dando como resultado un cambio no solo en el diagnóstico sino también en el pronóstico. Conclusión: la nueva clasificación molecular de los gliomas de alto grado precisa el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de los pacientes.
Development of Web-Based Learning Media for Junior High School Level Physics Olympiad Material With Islamic Integration
Authors: Sunarmi Nani
Published: March 2024

The Development of Islamic Integrated Learning Website-Based Media for Junior High School Physics Olympiad Material aims to determine the feasibility of the website-based learning media for junior high school physics Olympiad material integrated with Islam. The learning media is developed based on the stages in this research, adopting modifications from Borg & Gall. The data collection instrument used in this research and development is a questionnaire. The results of the development of the junior high school physics Olympiad material website integrated with Islam meet the validity criteria. The average total score of the website media expert is 89.2, the material expert's website validation is 86.15, and the integration of Islamic website validation is 81.82. Considering the overall aspects of validation and meeting the feasibility criteria, it is declared in the "valid/appropriate" category.
Antidepressant-Like Activity of Methanolic Extract From Old Areca Nut Using Forced Swim Test Method In Mice (Mus Musculus) Tested Independently
Authors: Novianty Riryn
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi potensi ekstrak metanol biji pinang tua sebagai antidepresan dengan melakukan Forced Swim Test (FST) akut dan sub-kronis. Mencit diinjeksi ekstrak metanol dosis 10, 50, dan 100 mg/kg secara intraperitoneal. Penurunan waktu imobilitas secara signifikan setelah pengobatan akut hanya disebabkan oleh dosis 100 mg/kg. Sehingga mencit diinjeksikan dosis tersebut untuk 7 hari berikutnya. Akan tetapi, dosis tersebut tidak dapat menurunkan waktu imobilitas secara signifikan berdasarkan hasil FST sub-kronis. Sehingga ekstrak metanol dosis 100 mg/kg dianggap tidak berpotensi jika digunakan secara berkelanjutan. Senyawa golongan fenolik, steroid, dan saponin sebagai konstituen utama dalam ekstrak tidak menimbulkan efek toksik setelah pengobatan selama 7 hari.
OPORTUNIDADES E DESAFIOS CRIADOS PELA TECNOLOGIA NOS PROCEDIMENTOS PEDAGÓGICOS EM TEMPOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Souza Zelandia Maria dos Santos , Souza Alexandrino José dos Santos , Santos Maria Pricila Miranda dos
Published: March 2024

A emergência sanitária de Covid-19 impôs um cenário significativamente desafiador a diversos setores da sociedade, sendo a Educação um dos mais afetados. A comunicação surge como elemento crucial no enfrentamento dessas adversidades. Consequentemente, estabeleceu-se um aumento da flexibilidade e do teletrabalho na pedagogia, que, aliado à transformação digital, torna-se uma consequência previsível do impacto da pandemia. No entanto, desafios como a eficácia da tecnologia e a justiça tecnológica precisam de ser considerados. Diante disso, foi desenvolvido um estudo com o objetivo de compreender de que maneira a Educação foi afetada pelas novas dinâmicas associadas à pandemia e, especialmente, procura-se analisar como os educadores lidaram com as oportunidades e os desafios desse período em suas vidas profissionais, especificamente em relação ao emprego das ferramentas tecnológicas de informação e comunicação. Diante disso, pode-se observar que os profissionais da Educação enfrentaram desafios devido ao acesso restrito a locais físicos de ensino, levando à consolidação de sistemas de aprendizagem híbridos. A mudança para plataformas on-line, como Zoom e Meet, tornou-se parte integrante das rotinas do corpo docente, embora a resolução de qualidade continue a ser um desafio. A dinâmica entre educadores e alunos evoluiu para uma interação mais virtual, exigindo que os professores se adaptem às novas tecnologias de ensino. Destarte, a proficiência em tecnologia torna-se um desafio tanto para educadores quanto para alunos, exigindo esforços contínuos de treinamento e suporte. O acesso equitativo à tecnologia enfrenta obstáculos, especialmente para estudantes oriundos de meios desfavorecidos, exigindo medidas urgentes para colmatar a exclusão digital.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Paulo Rangel Germino da
Published: March 2024

O texto discute a importância da interdisciplinaridade no contexto educacional, destacando sua função de promover a interação entre alunos, professores e diversos tipos de conhecimento. Argumenta que a interdisciplinaridade permite uma abordagem mais ampla e dinâmica dos conteúdos, ampliando as aprendizagens. Citando autores como Bonatto e Fazenda, o texto ressalta que a interdisciplinaridade é fundamentada na intersubjetividade e na comunicação humana, alertando para a necessidade de os professores e alunos trabalharem em conjunto para uma ação educativa mais produtiva. O trabalho propõe analisar a importância da interdisciplinaridade no ciclo de alfabetização, destacando a relação entre alfabetização e letramento na formação de leitores e escritores competentes.
PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REFLEXOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ONE CLINICAL CASE)
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. F. Krot , I. A. Khrushch ,   Belarusian State Medical University, S. N. Shubina ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: March 2024

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) affect 1–2% of the population worldwide [1]. The majority of people diagnosed with ASD, including those without intellectual disabilities, experience severe behavioral and functional impairments that require corrective measures (in particular, executive functions) [2]. Treatment options for these entities that improve long-term outcomes are limited. The heterogeneity inherent in autism spectrum disorders and the lack of consistent biological markers are key challenges for innovative treatments. The aim of the work is to discuss the results of the use of physiotherapy and reflexology in the treatment of ASD. The authors describe 1 clinical case of a patient with autism spectrum disorders, demonstrating the exceptional importance of comprehensive treatment of these disorders.
THE ROLE OF FOLATE CYCLE GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, A. R. Obuhovich , N. N. Ioskevich ,   Grodno State Medical University, V. P. Vasilevskij ,   Grodno State Medical University, V. A. Dajnovich ,   Grodno State Medical University
Published: March 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading causes of death in the world. Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities is one of them. A risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis is diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2. The fact that these diseases are systemic and multifactorial is generally recognized. Considering the progress of genetics and gene therapy in recent decades, the search for genes responsible for the development of both lower limb atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus is relevant. Their identification can probably help to improve the prognosis of the course of these diseases, personalize the system of prevention and treatment. Homocysteine is an amino acid involved in the pathogenesis of both obliterative atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. In this context, folate cycle genes, which play a major role in the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, are of particular interest.
CLINICAL AND HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGRESSIVE AND HOSTILE REACTIONS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERACTIVITY
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. V. Kopytov , E. V. Volakh ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A. V. Hindziuk ,   Belarusian State Medical University, K. I. Pavlov ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: March 2024

The work was carried out using a verbal communication method of psychological research, the participants of which were minors 12–17 years old both with signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and without this pathology, in order to identify the characteristics of their aggressive behavior, taking into account lifestyle risk factors for the subsequent justification of medical prevention measures. Statistically significant differences were established in the prevalence of aggressive and hostile reactions in the study groups with lower values in the group of healthy respondents and higher – among children and adolescents undergoing inpatient treatment according to the profile of behavioral disorders. In the study participants with signs of ADHD, the pathology of the circulatory and digestive systems was more often noted than among respondents without signs of hyperactivity and tendency to deviant behavior, and the presence of aggressive behavior models significantly increases the risk of developing the above diseases. A high proportion of children and adolescents who consume alcoholic beverages has been established. At the same time, the risk of physically aggressive behavior is 1.16 times higher against the background of alcohol-containing products consumption and the elimination of this risk factor makes it possible to reduce the likelihood of physical aggression by 13.8%.
Orbitally forced environmental changes during the accumulation of a Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) black shale in northern Iberia
Authors: Martínez-Braceras Naroa , Payros Aitor , Dinarès-Turell Jaume , Rosales Idoia , Arostegi Javier , Silva-Casal Roi
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Lower Pliensbachian hemipelagic successions from the north Iberian palaeomargin are characterized by the occurrence of organic-rich calcareous rhythmites of decimetre-thick limestone and marl beds and thicker black shale intervals. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of the cyclic lithologies and involved processes along with the nature of the carbon cycle is of primary interest. The cyclostratigraphic study carried out in one of the black shales exposed in Santiurde de Reinosa (Basque-Cantabrian Basin) revealed that the calcareous rhythmites responded to periodic environmental variations in the Milankovitch-cycle band, with the prevalence of precession, short eccentricity and long eccentricity cycles. The main environmental processes that determined the formation of the rhythmite were deduced on the basis of the integrated sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical study of an eccentricity bundle. The formation of precession couplets was controlled by variations in carbonate production and dilution by terrigenous supplies, along with periodic changes in bottom water oxygenation. Precessional configurations with marked annual seasonality, increased terrigenous input (by rivers or wind) to marine areas and boosted organic productivity in surface waters. The great accumulation of organic matter on the seabed eventually decreased bottom waters oxygenation, which might also be influenced by reduced ocean ventilation. Thus, deposition of organic-rich marls and shales occurrred when annual seasonality was maximum. On the contrary, a reduction in terrestrial inputs at precessional configurations with minimal seasonality disminshed shallow organic productivity, added to an intensification of vertical seawater mixing, contributed to increasing the oxidation of organic matter. These conditions also favoured greater production and basinward exportation of carbonate mud in shallow marine areas, causing the formation of limy hemipelagic beds. Short eccentricity cycles modulated the amplitude of precession driven variations in terrigenous input and oxygenation of bottom seawaters. Thus, the amplitude of the contrast between successive precessional beds increased when the Earth’s orbit was elliptical and diminished when it was circular. The data also suggest that short eccentricity cycles affected short-term sea level changes, probably through orbital modulated aquifer-eustasy.
MAX-DOAS Measurements in Rural and Suburban regions of New Zealand
Authors: Halla Jamie , Querel Richard
Published: March 2024

New Zealand is primarily made of two islands with a total population of around 5 Million.  The smaller North Island contains a higher population including New Zealand's largest city of Auckland with approximately 1.5 million residents, while the larger South Island contains a much smaller population and is largely rural.  Lauder on the South Island is also the home of a NIWA measurement site designed to measure background trace gas concentrations of pollutants. 
MAX-DOAS measurements were performed at various locations in New Zealand both on the North Island and South Island.   In particular, results from Auckland and Lauder will be highlighted.  This presentation will compare and constrast results from the two islands with respect to measured trace gases including NO2, HCHO, and O4.    Using the O4 measurements the approximate aerosol levels will be compared.  
Future and current work at DST also employs MAX-DOAS as an aid in tracking pollutant levels for both shipping vessels and aircraft.  This presentation  will describe the current systems along with goals for expanding the current monitoring network in the future.
 
The divide between Tall and Shrub Mangroves: A case study of Sierra Leone
Authors: Nwobi Chukwuebuka
Published: March 2024

Mangrove ecosystems are critical to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and coastal community protection. There is no common methodology of assessing mangrove ecosystems through remote sensing resulting in mangrove cover inaccuracies. One of the recent difficulties is differentiating between shrub and tall mangroves at a fine scale to meet Verra’s fine resolution criteria for baseline deforestation and accurate carbon stocks and GHG removals. We present a preliminary assessment of mapping the mangrove ecosystem in West Africa to differentiate shrub and tall mangrove ecosystems. The objective of this study is to stratify mangrove extent into tall and shrub using local data and estimate aboveground biomass based on this division from random sampling. We present a preliminary analysis of Sierra Leone. We map mangrove extent for the years 2012, 2017 and 2022 covering a 10-year period. We used Landsat 7/8 imagery for 2012 and Sentinel 2 for 2017 and 2022. We then stratify mangroves into tall and shrub mangroves. All analysis was done using the Google Earth Engine Platform. Our analysis shows that in 2022 mangrove extent was 115,021 ha. Independent accuracy assessment of the 2022 classification using drone imagery showed an accuracy of 91% with a user’s accuracy of 84%. Analysis of shrub and tall shows that shrub mangroves had a cover of 56,252 ha, while tall mangroves covered an extent of 58,768 ha in Sierra Leone with an overall accuracy of 75%. Ongoing aboveground biomass survey of random plot selections shows shrub plots (n=22) with a mean AGB of 6.5tC/ha (32% uncertainty) with tall plots (n=22) 81tC/ha (uncertainty 30%). The mean height of shrub plots was 3.7m and tall plots 20.6m. Challenges we encountered include the exclusion of shrub vegetation during mangrove classification and transition zones between shrub and tall and mixed vegetation. We plan on improving our mapping process to tackle these challenges.
Extreme Climate and Weather Events in India: A Comprehensive Analysis from CMIP6 Data and Projections under different SSP Scenarios
Authors: Kumar Shashi Gaurav , Goswami Ajanta , Singh Praveen Kumar
Published: March 2024

This study utilises 13 data sets from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to analyse extreme temperature and precipitation indices as defined by the ETCCD. The indices were classified according to heat wave, cold wave, flood, and drought. The indices have been computed for historical events spanning from 1951 to 2014, as well as for near-future events from 2015 to 2040, mid-future events from 2041 to 2070, and far-future events from 2071 to 2100. These calculations were performed using bias-corrected CMIP6 data, specifically under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios: SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585. The ensemble mean indicates an increase in the average minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as an increase in average precipitation, across the Indian region. The analysis of the ensemble mean reveals a significant increase in the summer days (SU25), warm days (TX95p), tropical nights (TR20), and warm nights (TN90p) over the north-eastern region of India. Conversely, the central and northern parts of the Himalayan region of India experience an increase in the cold spell duration indicator (CDSI) and cool nights (TN10p). The northern plane region, central region, and western region are expected to experience an increase in heatwave number (HWN), frequency (HWF), duration (HWD), and amplitude (HWA). The analysis of the ensemble mean indicates that there is an observed increase in RX1DAY, RX5DAY, R10MM, R20MM, and CWD in the Western Ghats and north-eastern regions of India. Conversely, there is a decrease in CDD across the entire Indian region. The region of Central India exhibits dynamic behaviour in terms of precipitation and temperature indices under various climate change scenarios. The various scenarios of the SSP demonstrate a notable rise in the occurrence of extreme events such as floods and heatwaves in the medium and distant future.
Keywords: CMIP6, Ensemble mean, Extreme temperature and precipitation indices, ETCCDI, Heat wave, Cold wave, Flood, Drought
Weathering in sub-polar environments: Insights from geochemical analyses of soil samples from the Kerguelen Archipelago
Authors: Chabaux François , Rutt Henry , Perrone Thierry , Boutin René , Schmitt Anne-Desirée , van der Woerd Jerome , Pelt Eric , Jeanneau Laurent , de Saint Blanquat Michel , Guillaume Damien
Published: March 2024

The Kerguelen archipelago is certainly one of the most important sites for studying rock weathering processes in subpolar climates. It is indeed marked by little to no direct anthropogenic impact, by a relatively limited lithological variability (basalts – phonolites / trachytes) but by a significant precipitation variability throughout the archipelago. In order to evaluate the influence of climate gradient on basalt weathering in the Kerguelen Islands soils samples have been collected in different localities along different rainfall and lithology gradients. Field campaigns indicated that soils are poorly developed on bedrocks, except maybe on valley bottom colluvium. Geochemical soil analysis results point out that all the rocks collected show low to intermediate weathering intensity indices (Chemical Index of Alteration ranges from 50-78%) – they also show a systematic loss of Ca and Mg compared with parent rocks linked to the weathering out of plagioclase and ferromagnesian minerals. Although the number of soil profiles studied remains low, the data does not show any major difference in weathering intensity as a function of altitude along slope gradients, nor any significant variation as a function of depth within a profile. Nor do the results show any significant differences in the degree of weathering of rocks according to rainfall in the regions studied. These results will be used to discuss the parameters that might control the intensity of basalt weathering in this geographical area.
Analysis of Rainfall-induced Multiple-Occurrence Regional LandslideEvents (MORLEs) in the Philippines
Authors: Tumonong Ma. Malyn
Published: March 2024

On average, around 20 typhoons hit the Philippines annually. Of these numbers, 1 or 2 per year have caused multiple-occurrence regional landslide events (MORLEs), yet it is a barely studied phenomena in the Philippines. This research focuses on the analysis of 11 typhoon events from 2015 to 2022 that caused MORLEs in several provinces all over the country. The research aims at constructing multiple landslide event inventories coincident with detailed rainfall events, analyse their statistical properties, together with the typhoon properties, not only to identify rainfall – landslide threshold values but also try to understand the quantity and properties of landslides that can be predicted to likely occur given a particular typhoon level or rainfall event and a particular landscape. This will help in establishing the basis for increased landslide disaster resilience for the communities through early-warning.
On accurate estimations for H/D isotope effects at super-cold conditions: Path Integral Molecular Dynamics (PIMD) simulations
Authors: Zhang Yining , Liu Yun
Published: March 2024

        D/H ratios serve as a key toolkit for tracing water and organics in forms of gases, liquids and ices. Therefore, accurate estimations for H/D isotope effects during the formation and transfer for these H-incorporated compounds at super-cold conditions (around 10 to 200 K) with different phases (gas, liquid and solid) are urged. We have developed theoretical protocols for gaseous molecules in a previous work [1] by introducing the so-called full partition function ratios (FPFRs). However, such methods are rather complex and unpractical for condensed systems such like water ices, liquid methane and so on. In this study, we developed new protocols for accurate estimations of these equilibrium H/D isotope fractionations especially for condensed systems (e.g., water, ices) by combining path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulations (modified for improving its convergence at low temperatures) with deep potentials (DP) obtained with machine learning. Preliminary results will be introduced and discussed.
 
References:
[1] Zhang Y. N. and Liu Y. 2018. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 238, 123.
Drivers of the coastal ocean surface salinity in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea, and implications of their climatic trends for the primary production
Authors: Kokoszka Florian , Lefebvre Camil , Ribera d'Alcalá Maurizio , Margiotta Francesca , Iudicone Daniele
Published: March 2024

An analysis using a Random Forest algorithm confirms that coastal phytoplankton production in the Gulf of Naples (GoN) is directly influenced by surface water salinity, tied to nutrient-rich freshwater and offshore salty water influxes. Understanding salinity variability in the GoN could help predict chlorophyll and phytoplankton changes.Modeling surface salinity at the coastal Long-term Marechiara point (LTER-MC) links freshwater runoff and the mixed layer's depth, validated by the Random Forest exploration. These elements, freshwater contribution and surface layer stratification, effectively replicate monthly and yearly salinity fluctuations.Freshwater runoff relates to precipitation, while layer stratification involves wind and heat flux. This breakdown offers insight into external influences (precipitation, wind, and heat flux) and internal dependencies (mixing and circulation) governing salinity at LTER-MC.Forecasting GoN's salinity involves assessing atmospheric factors in diverse climate scenarios, potentially impacting phytoplankton populations. Exploring these factors' anticipated impact on salinity can pave the way for understanding future changes in phytoplankton populations.
Enhancing the evaluation of Deep Learning Downscaling methods using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques
Authors: González-Abad José , Gutiérrez José Manuel
Published: March 2024

Deep learning (DL) models have emerged as an effective statistical downscaling method for  generating local-scale climate data based on large-scale atmospheric fields following the Perfect Prognosis (PP) approach. In particular, these models have been shown to be efficient for producing regional climate change projections over continental domains from coarse Global Climate Models, with great potential in initiatives such as CORDEX [1]. However, the black box nature of DL models rises concerns regarding their ability to adhere to physical constraints and accurately learn patterns grounded in physics, which may hinder their adoption by the vulnerability impacts and adaptation community. 
In this work, we focus on this problem and present two novel eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)-based diagnostics to complement the standard downscaling validation approach: Aggregated Saliency Map (ASM) and Saliency Dispersion Map (SDM). As an illustrative application, we use these diagnostics to evaluate and understand the physical consistency of different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for  downscaling temperature and precipitation over the Iberian domain within the framework of Escenarios-PNACC, the initiative responsible for the generation and provision of national climate change scenarios in Spain. Overall, we show how these novel diagnostics allow for a better assessment of the models, as well as for a physics-based intercomparison of the effect of different configurations (e.g., spatial extension of the predictors), since they allow us to take into account the physical relevance of the relationships learned. 
[1] Baño-Medina, J., Manzanas, R., Cimadevilla, E., Fernández, J., González-Abad, J., Cofiño, A. S., & Gutiérrez, J. M. (2022). Downscaling multi-model climate projection ensembles with deep learning (DeepESD): contribution to CORDEX EUR-44. Geoscientific Model Development, 15(17), 6747-6758.
Air-Sea fluxes during the EUREC4A2020 Experiment
Authors: Bourras Denis , Stragapède Sébastien , Branger Hubert , Luneau Christopher , Benjeddou Saïd , Geyskens Nicolas , Reverdin Gilles , Speich Sabrina
Published: March 2024

The EUREC4A experiment was conducted in January and February 2020 off the North-Eastern coast of the Barbados Island. Air-Sea fluxes and bulk variables were derived from in situ measurements performed at the top of a bow mast on the Ifremer Genavir R/V Atalante and with a wave-following platform. Comparisons between the collected in situ data will be presented first. Second, a spatial view of the flux fields will be given, with model output fields and with satellite sensor data. Third, the spatial products will be compared to the in situ data in order to get a first order estimate of the accuracy of the spatial fields. Last, the focus will be laid on the effect of the proximity of the coast, both in terms of wind and wave fetches and of model Land-Sea Mask (LSM) and blind costal satellite zones
Estimating ocean wave heights in Northeast Atlantic using land-based microseism data
Authors: Baranbooei Samaneh , Bean Christopher. J. , White Martin
Published: March 2024

Various techniques are employed to monitor ocean Significant Wave Heights (SWH), such as insitu buoys, numerical ocean wave modeling, and satellite altimetry. Each method comes with its set of advantages and limitations in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Buoys offer superior temporal resolution but are characterized by lower spatial resolution compared to numerical wave modeling and satellite altimetry.
This study involves a comparative analysis of estimated wave heights from numerical ocean wave modeling using blown wind (HINDCAST) with measured Buoy data. Subsequently, these datasets (e.g. both buoy and HINDCAST data) are the utilized as inputs for our new approach to estimate SWH, employing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) applied to terrestrial (microseism) data. This approach offers a combination of both spatial and temporal resolution of buoys and HINDCAST data, facilitating quasi-real-time monitoring under specific conditions. The ANN is trained using seismic amplitude of Irish National Seismic Network, buoy measurements, and HINDCAST data to estimate SWH at specific locations in the Northeast Atlantic.
Preliminary comparisons between the ANN results and Buoy/HINDCAST data reveal a robust relationship between secondary microseism amplitudes recorded on land, and ocean seismic wave heights. The quality of the results varies with location in the ocean. Particularly for small and moderate wave heights, the estimated wave heights exhibit minimal discrepancies between the ANN and actual buoy data or between the ANN and HINDCAST ocean wave data. This promising finding underscores the potential accuracy of the ANN model in estimating wave heights from land based seismic data, under varying conditions.
New criteria for assessing local thermal nonequilibrium conditions in porous aquifers and their impact on heat transport in porous media
Authors: Shi Wenguang , Klepikova Maria , Wang Quanrong
Published: March 2024

A critical assumption in many investigations of heat transfer in porous media is local thermal equilibrium (LTE), which assumes an instant exchange of thermal energy between the solid and the fluid phases of a porous medium. Although significant progress has been made in quantifying the occurrence and consequences of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE), which entails temperature differences between the fluid and adjacent solid phases, there is currently no straightforward equation to ascertain the occurrence and significance of LTNE effects in heat transport through porous media. Here we develop a numerical model that integrates LTE and LTNE models and introduce two simple criteria based on Darcy fluxes and particle sizes of porous media to determine the occurrence and significance of LTNE effects. Simulation results show that, depending on the experimental conditions, using an LTE model can result in underestimating as well as overestimation of both effective thermal dispersion and Darcian fluxes. The reliability of the proposed criteria is validated through three typical datasets and corresponding numerical models: (1) a heat tracer test in a laboratory column with different Darcian fluxes (10–55 m/d) and a relatively large grain size (10–20 mm); (2) a field test in an alluvial aquifer with small particle sizes (0.75–1 mm) and high Darcian fluxes (60 m/d); and (3) a field test in streambed sediments having large particle sizes (greater than 15 mm) and low Darcian fluxes (less than 0.5 m/d). Simulation results highlight that the potential LTNE effects should be considered when using heat as a tracer to characterize heat transport in porous media in the presence of low Darcian fluxes and large particle sizes.
Hyperpycnal Delta Progradation in a Lake of Constant Depth: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Measurements of Morphology, Suspended Sediment Concentration, and Velocity Field
Authors: Shen Yueh Shing , Capart Hervé
Published: March 2024

Sediment deposition has significantly impacted the storage capacity of reservoirs in Taiwan. Delta progradation may be influenced by factors such as creep landslide, current-driven bedload, or suspended load. To better understand hyperpycnal mechanisms in reservoirs, small-scale experimental simulations were conducted in the laboratory. In order to observe and model more on-site phenomena, a series of experiments were performed, involving the fabrication of a 2-D channel using acrylic material. A specific type of sand was used to ensure that it neither settles too quickly nor remains continuously suspended in the water. Fortunately, the initial goal of generating a traveling wave in the laboratory using a moving source was successfully achieved. Velocity flow field and concentration distribution analyses were conducted using a high-speed camera with dense laser and the Spectrophotometric Method, respectively. Experimental results were compared with computational simulations based on the Shallow Water Theory. The conventional theory of two-layer flow proved insufficient to adequately describe the experimental results. To address this, an additional layer theory called the sub-layer was introduced into our numerical modeling. Ultimately, by incorporating shallow flow equations with settling and mixing, three long interfaces were simulated and compared favorably with the experimental results.
Influence of Fe on the distribution and isotopic fractionation of Li in olivine: A first-principles study
Authors: Chatterjee Swastika , Mondal Rabindranath , Pramanik Chirantan , Ghosh Prosenjit , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri
Published: March 2024

The distribution of Li and its two stable isotopes among mantle minerals has been widely used in the past to decipher the physical and chemical state of the Earth’s interior through geological time-scales. Hence in this study, using a combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) we study the mechanism of incorporation and distribution of Li ion and its two isotopes (6Li and 7Li) in the olivine (M2SiO4, M:Mg,Fe) lattice as a function of temperature and Fe concentration. Li is known to occupy both interstitial and substitutional sites in olivine (Dohmen 2010, GCA). Our calculations indicate that Li, Fe2+ and Fe3+ prefer to occupy the smaller and less distorted M1 site. A positive correlation between Fa-content and Li concentration is suggested.
Calculation of isotopic fractionation of Li between the interstitial and substitutional sites of forsterite shows that the heavier isotope gets populated in the interstitial sites of olivine. Incorporation of Fe is found to enhance the extent of fractionation. Our study hence emphasizes the importance of considering the influence of Fe, even if it is present in small concentrations, while determining the isotopic fractionation of minor and trace elements in mantle minerals. We also offer valuable insights into the microscopic origin of the role played by Fe in modulating the isotopic fractionation of Li in mantle minerals.
Contrasting chemistry in the Central Arctic Ocean in a pan-Arctic and climate change perspective
Authors: Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Assmann Karen , Granskog Mats , Raffel Bonnie
Published: March 2024

The Arctic Ocean is changing, with less sea ice, increased meltwater and increased ocean CO2 uptake. Data from two central Arctic Ocean cruises in late summer of 2021 and 2022 show contrasting hydrography and chemistry in the water column between the deep Amundsen and Nansen basins. The chemical characteristics are affected by different hydrography in the two basins; the Transpolar Drift (TPD) current carries freshwater and carbon from the Siberian shelves to the western Amundsen Basin and the Atlantic water on the other hand carries heat, salt, and nutrients to the western Nansen Basin. We present carbon and nutrient data from the two years and examine the differences between the two basins and put this into a pan-Arctic perspective. We observed higher concentrations of inorganic (CO2) and organic (CDOM) carbon and silicic acid in the polar mixed layer in the Amundsen Basin compared to the Nansen Basin, indicating impacts of river water transported with the TPD from the shelves into the Amundsen Basin. 
Enhancing SVM’s robustness of weekly streamflow prediction based on three feature selection algorithms
Authors: Bargam Bouchra , Boudhar Abdelghani , Kinnard Christophe , Nifa Karima , Bousbaa Mostafa , Elyoussfi Haytam , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: March 2024

Accurate prediction of streamflow is an essential factor for the optimization of water resources management. This study investigates the effectiveness of three feature determination techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and sequential forward selection (SFS), on Support Vector Machine (SVM) model’ efficiency, for real-world one-week-ahead streamflow forecasting. The study was conducted in three subbasins of Oum-Errbia watershed in Morocco, namely, Ait-Ouchen, Tassaout and Tillouguite for the period going from 2000 to 2019. Initially, an ensemble of 8 input variables (including weekly precipitation (P), difference of P (Pdiff), snow cover area (SCA), difference of SCA (SCAdiff), snow water equivalent (SWE), difference of SWE (SWEdiff), temperature (T), and antecedent streamflow (Q1)), are reduced based on PCA, KPCA and SFS selection. The optimum features are further utilized to optimize the hyper-parameters of SVM model throughout the Grid-Search method. The streamflow simulations obtained by the developed SVM models (PCA-SVM, KPCA-SVM and SFS-SVM) were compared against observed streamflow using performance indicators of Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results of this study highlight three important findings. First, PCA and SFS techniques were found to be more effective than KPCA in terms of enhancing SVM’ performance in the three sub-basins. Besides, PCA and SFS had approximately the same effect on SVM, they both enhanced its efficiency. Second, KPCA had a negative effect on SVM predictivity over the three subbasins (Ait-Ouchen: NSE= 0.34, 0.43, KGE=0.29, 0.46, RMSE=78.34, 53.31 (MCM), Tassaout: NSE=0.01, 0.00, KGE=-0.30, -0.38, RMSE=8.98, 15.03 (MCM) and Tillouguite: NSE=0.74, 0.57, KGE=0.69, 0.55, RMSE= 48.21, 68.54(MCM)), during the training and the validation, respectively. Finally, the validation results indicated that the highest performance is achieved by PCA-SVM model in Ait-Ouchen (NSE = 0.69, KGE =0.70, RMSE = 38.9409MCM 3), Tassaout (NSE =0.21, KGE =0.10, RMSE = 13.33Mm3) and Tillouguite (NSE = 0.70, KGE = 0.77, RMSE = 57.09MCM). Thus, it is crucial to properly choose the input variables to develop more accurate models for predicting weekly streamflow. 
Analysis of Carbon Balance Patterns and Driving Factors in China’s Mega Cities – A Case Study of Shenzhen
Authors: Yang shishuai
Published: March 2024

The impact of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and terrestrial ecosystems CO2 sequestration on global climate change has been widely recognized, and regional carbon emission and sequestration patterns are receiving increasing attention. Accounting for regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial ecosystems CO2 sequestration is beneficial for regional carbon peak and neutrality planning. This study utilizes yearbooks, government reports, soil survey data, and remote sensing data to calculate the annual CO2 emissions and absorption in the period 2010-2020 for Shenzhen, a typical highly urbanized area in China. We analyze the trend of net CO2 emissions and employ the Multilevel-LMDI method to examine the various driving factors influencing anthropogenic CO2 emissions in Shenzhen. Subsequently, emission reduction measures are proposed separately from the emission and absorption perspectives. From 2010 to 2020, Shenzhen emitted a total of 10.82 billion tons of CO2, with terrestrial ecosystems absorbing 15.82 million tons. The net emission was 10.67 billion tons, showing an annual increase until reaching its peak in 2018 (1.12 billion tons). The primary drivers of Shenzhen's anthropogenic CO2 emissions growth are population (5,150.42 million tons) followed by economic factors (4,279.66 million tons). Per capita food consumption (23.77 million tons) and dietary structure (6.11 million tons) also play crucial roles. The main drivers for CO2 reduction are energy emission intensity and ecosystem carbon sinks. The study indicates that Shenzhen has entered the carbon peak phase. Controlling the growth of carbon emissions through reducing energy intensity and optimizing the energy structure has been effective. terrestrial ecosystems have played a significant role in carbon removal. However, considering the substantial anthropogenic carbon emissions, further efforts are needed in future planning to achieve ‘dual carbon goals’ by reduce population regulation, carbon emissions and enhance terrestrial CO2 absorption.