bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN TINGKAT STRES PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: PH Livana , Sari Indah Permata , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: December 2018

AbstrakDiabetes Mellitus merupakan kelainan metabolik yang ditandai dengan kenaikan kadar gula darah, akibat adanya kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau keduanya.  Pasien Diabetes Mellitus harus melakukan terapi pengelolaan sepanjang hidupnya baik secara farmakologis maupun non farmakologis untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi dan mengontrol kestabilan kadar gula darahnya. Terapi tersebut dapat menimbulkan suatu dampak tertentu, baik secara fisik maupun secara psikologis.  Salah satu dampak psikologis yang dapat dirasakan oleh pasien Diabetes Mellitus adalah stres.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat stres pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus di wilayah dokter keluarga Djazariyah Kabupaten Kendal.  Metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stres Scale yang terdiri dari 42 pertanyaan.  Sampel berjumlah 37 responden.  Sebagian besar pasien Diabetes Mellitus mengalami stres ringan.  Peneliti memberikan saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menggunakan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stres Scale yang telah dimodifikasi disetiap pertanyaannya, agar mempermudah responden dalam menjawab. Kata kunci: Stres pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus. AbstractThe description of stress levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic abnormality characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, due to an abnormality of insulin secretion, insulin work or both. Diabetes Mellitus patients should take life-long management therapy both pharmacologically and nonpharmacologically to prevent complications and control the stability of their blood sugar levels. The therapy can have a certain impact, both physically and psychologically. One of the psychological effects that can be felt by Diabetes Mellitus patients is stress. This study aims to determine the description of stress levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients in the area of Djazariyah family doctor Kendal District. Quantitative descriptive method. The measuring tool used is a questionnaire of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale consisting of 42 questions. The sample was 37 respondents. Most Diabetes Mellitus patients experience mild stress. Researchers provide suggestions for further researchers to use the questionnaire of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale that has been modified in each question, in order to facilitate respondents in answering. Keywords: Stress in Diabetes Mellitus clients
Urolithiasis and Its Herbal Remedies
Authors: Dhole A. R. , Yeligar V. C.
Published: December 2018

Urolithiasis (UL) is one of the most common diseases, with worldwide increasing incidence and prevalence. In India, in the Ayurvedic system of medicine, ‘Pashanabheda’ group plants, claimed to be useful in the treatment of urinary stones. ‘Pashanabheda’ is the Sanskrit term used for a group of plants with diuretic and antiurolithiatic activities (Pashana = stone; Bheda = break). Hence, in the present review an attempt has been made to enumerate the studies of plants Cessampelous pareira linn, B. Sensitivum linn , Fragaria vesca linn used for antiurolithiasis. This could serve as a source of information on the present trends in research on plants accredited with antiurolithiatic activity.
Relationship between motivation, learning habit and overall results of polytechnic mechanical engineering student
Authors: Khathri Akasyah Mohd , Daud Che Haspu Robiah
Published: December 2018

Motivation and learning habit generally play an important role in influential the results of a student's exam. This study aims to determine the relationship between motivations, learning habit and overall achievement in the second semester of Mechanical Engineering students at Terengganu Polytechnic. The study also aims to identify the differences in learning by gender at early achievement in the previous semester. To achieve this goal, the method of survey is conducted. Samples consisted of 196 students in second semester out of four programs in Mechanical Engineering Department. The study instrument used was Selmes Learning Inventory which presented four learning styles, namely deep-style, surface-style, well-organized style and diligent. The fifth style of learning, motivational style has been modified to measure the internal and external motivation. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and inferred using SPSS software. The results of the descriptive analysis found that students had high internal motivation as compared to external motivation as well as practicing surface style and deeper style than planned and diligent style. Inferential analysis results found that the overall achievement of the second semesters had a relationship with the in-depth learning style, effort and planning. There is a significant relationship between deep learning style and internal motivation. There was no significant difference in learning habit by gender and early achievement. The implication of this study is that motivation plays an important role in determining the choice of learning methods practiced by the students.
Etimologijska obradba istrorumunjskoga leksika koji se tiče voćki
Authors: Filipi Goran
Published: December 2018

U članku se raspravlja o istrorumunjskim nazivima koji su u bilo kakvoj svezi s voćkama. Obrađeni su oblici dio opsežnijega korpusa od preko 8000 oblika koji smo sami prikupili (istraživanja su obavljana u više navrata od 1985. godine - posljednje provjere i dopune korpusa obavljene su tekuće, 2011., godine i to u svim mjestima gdje se i danas govori istrorumunjski: Žejane, Šušnjevica, Nova Vas, Jesenovik, Letaj, Brdo, Škabići, Trkovci, Zankovci, Miheli, Kostrčan). Uz svaku obrađenu riječ navode se odgovarajuće iz svih dostupnih nam istrorumunjskih repertoara. Za svaku riječ daje se etimologijsko tumačenje do kojeg se dolazi usporedbom pojedinog termina s odgovarajućim čakavskim i istromletačkim okolnim govorima, a ako je riječ domaća, daju se i paralele iz ostala tri rumunjska dijalekta. U obrađenoj građi prevladavaju posuđenice iz čakavskih govora. Domaće su riječi malobrojne. Izravnih posuđenica iz (istro)mletačkoga nema.
Contraception for Women with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hadisaputra Wachyu
Published: December 2018

use in women with diabetes mellitus.

Method: Literature review.

Result: Women in the reproductive age who are affected by a wide

range of chronic medical conditions, one of which is diabetes mellitus

(DM), may experience adverse health effects pre-conception and

in pregnancy. This condition will influence outcome of pregnancy

and contraceptive choice after delivery. Planning the use of contraception for women with DM who would experience high-risk pregnancy is a necessity, and counseling must consider the safety of different types of contraception that in comparison to the risk of pregnancy.

WHO has provided a guideline on choosing contraception, which is available from the UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive

Use (UKMEC), as the basis for contraception selection for women with DM. For DM patients without complication any type of contraception can be used in consideration for the advantages and disadvantages of each type of contraception. For diabetics with complications

or multiple risk factors, in the selection of contraceptive,

hormonal contraception (especially for combined hormonal contraception (CHC) pill and injection method) requires proper consideration and consultation with health care providers.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 4: 226-231]

Keywords: complications, contraception, diabetes mellitus, hormonal,

pregnancy
Effect of Delay in Postpartum Hemorrhage Management on the Rate of Near-Miss and Maternal Death Cases
Authors: Siswosudarmo Risanto
Published: December 2018

Objective: To recognize the effect of delay in the management of postpartum bleeding to the occurrence of near-miss and maternal death cases. Method: Prospective cohort. The study population was patients with postpartum hemorrhage. All PPH cases from thirteen hospitals (Sardjito and 12 affiliated hospitals) were recorded. The study was carried out from January 1st to June 30th 2009. The study group was those who experienced delay and the control group was those withoutdelay. The outcome was measured as the number of near-miss and death cases. Near-miss was defined as those who experienced severe shock, demonstrated by systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or less. Chi square test, t-test and logistic regressions were used to analyze our data.Result: From January 1st to June 30th 2009 we identified 139 cases of PPH from 8,924 deliveries (1.6%). From the 80 referred cases, as much as 22 cases (27.5%) were delayed, and 12 from 139 (8.6%) experienced delay in the hospital. A total of 30 cases among 139 (21.6%) experienced delay both outside and in the hospital. There were 74 near-miss cases, 9 of which ended in death of the patient. This means the real occurrence of near-miss cases is 65 from 139 cases or 46.8% while the occurrence of maternal death was 9 out of 139, or 6.47%. Case fatality rate was 9 from 139 or 6.47%; maternal near-miss ratio was 6.22; mortality index was 13.84% and maternal mortality ratio is estimated as 103/100.000 live births. Multivariate analysis showed delay in referral increased the risk of near-miss cases as much as 8.37 folds, while bleeding >1500 ml increased risk of near-miss by 12.12 folds. Delay in both referral and management in the hospital increased the risk of maternal death rate as much as 25.34 folds, hemoglobin <6 g/dl and unavailability of blood increase maternal death by 31.58 folds and 13.39 folds, respectively.Conclusion: Delay in referral and delay of in-hospital management ncreased the occurrence of near-miss and maternal mortality cases significantly. Multivariate analysis showed that the amount of bleeding, hemoglobin level and lack of blood availability influenced the occurrence of near-miss and maternal death more than the delay itself.Keywords: delay, maternal death, maternal near-miss, PPH
دور السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار والنمو الاقتصاديين في العراق للمدة (2011-2004 )
Authors: محمود محمود محمد , عاشور احسان جبر
Published: December 2018

هدف هذا البحث الى تحليل فاعلية السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار والنمو الاقتصاديين للمدة2011-2004، وهي المدة التي شهدت تبدلاً جوهرياً في عمل السياسة النقدية ذلك بعدما منح القانون الجديد للبنك المركزي الاستقلالية الكاملة للسلطة النقدية عن قرارات وتدخلات الحكومة في رسم وتحديد الخطط النقدية او في الزامها على تبني ادوات ووسائل معينة ، مما حدا بتلك السلطة الى احداث تغيير في فلسفتها واهدافها والادوات التي تستخدمها لتحقيق تلك الاهداف وبما ينسجممع الحرية الاقتصادية وآليات اقتصاد السوق ، الامر الذي منحها القدرة على التحكم بحجم الكتلة النقدية وبما يحقق الاستقرار السعري ، ذلك من خلال انشاء مزاد لبيع وشراء العملة الاجنبية ( الدولار )على ان يكون البنك المركزي المتحكم الاقوى بذلك المزاد من خلال التعليمات والضوابط التي تحكم سير هذا المزاد وفي اطار الاهداف الاقتصادية العامة ، وبالفعل تمكنت السياسة النقدية من تحقيق مثلثاً ذهبياً للاستقرار الاقتصادي تمثلت اركانه باستقرار سعر الصرف وانخفاض واستقرار المستوى العام للأسعار بشكل نسبي في حين تمثل الركن الثالث ببناء احتياطي قوي من العملة الاجنبية  ، مما اسهم في توفير بيئة استثمارية مستقرة اقتصادياً التي هي اساس عملية النمو ، الا ان السياسة الاقتصادية للبلد لم تفلح في استغلال تلك البيئة المستقرة في تحقيق النمو ودفع عجلة التقدم والازدهارالاقتصادي بسبب غياب الرؤيا الاستثمارية وتغلب الرؤيا الاستهلاكية عليها وبالشكل الذي اوجد تقاطع او عدم تنسيق بين اهداف السياسة النقدية واهداف السياسات الاقتصادية وبالأخص السياسة المالية.
تقييم اجراءات تنفيذ الإستراتيجية الوطنية لمكافحة الفساد في العراق( 2010 - 2014)
Authors: محمد اياد طاهر , كاظم احمد محمد
Published: December 2018

بات الفساد في السنوات الاخيرة موضع أهتمام كبير, ومثار بحث وتمحيص, نظرا" لتغلغلة في كافة مناحي الحياة السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والادارية, ويعد من أكبر التحديات والمشكلات التي تواجه المجتمعات, لذا تمحورت هذه الدراسة حول تقييم أجراءات تنفيذ الإستراتيجية الوطنية لمكافحة الفساد في العراق (2010- 2014 ).

أنطلقت الدراسة من بعدين اولهما فكري تضمن تقديم عرض مفاهيمي لمفهومي التنفيذ والتقييم والرقابة الاستراتيجي لما لهما من أهمية على موضوع البحث, اما البعد الاخر عملي تضمن جانبين الجانب الاول أستخدم فيه الباحث قائمة فحص لقياس محددات ومؤشرات النجاح في تنفيذ الإستراتيجة الوطنية لمكافحة الفساد من خلال دراسة ميدانية لتقييم إجراءات تنفيذها من قبل بعض الوزرات التي تمثل القطاعين (الانتاجي والخدمي) أذ إجريت مقابلات مع عشرة  افراد من كل وزارة ممن لهم دور في تنفيذ الإستراتيجية الوطنية لمكافحة الفساد, اما الجانب الثاني فتضمن عرض نسب الانجاز المئوية للسنوات (2012,2011,2010) لمعالجة الظواهر السلبية المشخصة في الإستراتيجية الوطنية لمكافحة الفساد للوزارات المبحوثة  .
应用BP神经网络预测N80油管CO2腐蚀速率
Authors: 贺 海军
Published: December 2018

通过室内CO2腐蚀模拟实验获得实验数据，利用灰色理论对CO2腐蚀参数进行分析确定CO2腐蚀的主要影响因素，建立BP神经网络腐蚀速率预测模型，利用主要影响因素进行网络训练。利用此模型预测徐深气田某井的腐蚀剖面，预测结果表明：BP神经网络预测结果与气井实验结果接近，体现了BP神经网络在处理非线性数据方面的优越性。灰色理论、神经网络预测模型的研究对于徐深气田CO2腐蚀研究有一定的指导意义。
Comparison of Decompressive Craniotomy by Wide Opening of Dura with Multidural Fenestrations Technique among Acute Subdural Hematoma Patients: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Uddin Kalim , Hossain SK Sader , Salam Md Abdus , Haque Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Mohammad Mahfuzur , Kabir AKM Golam , Talukder Md Moazzem Hossen
Published: December 2018

Background: Surgical treatment is very crucial for the acute subdural hematoma patients.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare outcome of decompressive craniotomy with wide opening of dura and multidural fenestration technique.Methodology: This non-randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Neurosurgery Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2011 to August 2012 for a period of one year and eight months. Patients with acute subdural hematoma who fulfil the inclusion criteria for surgery and got admitted were selected as study population. Acute Subdural hematoma patient of any age, both sex with GCS 5 to 13, thickness of hematoma more than l0 mm, midline shift more than 5 mm, pupil reacting to light and patient presented within 72 hours of injury were included for this study. At admission, a detailed history of the illness was taken from the patient or attendant, thorough general and neurological examinations were carried out and were recorded. Specific treatment of head injury started and surgery done, cases were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical technique. Operative details, regular follow-up and post-operative CT scan findings were recorded. Finally GOS scoring done on the day of discharge of patient from the hospital.Result: A total number of 48 patients were recruited of this study of which 25 were in group A and the rest 23 patients were in group B. In group A, according to GOS Score, good recovery was 48%, moderate disability 16%, severe disability (8%), persistent vegetative state 4% and 24% patients died. In group B, good recovery was 47.83%, moderate disability 13.04%, severe disability 4.35%, persistent vegetative state 13.04% and 21.74% patients died. The mean duration of surgery was l26.32±24.86 minutes in group A and 90.95±l8.64 in group B and this difference was highly significant (P<0.00l). In addition, the mean duration of hospital stay was 23.44(±6.65) days in group A and 16.26(±4.63) days in group B and this difference between two group was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion multiple dural fenestrations is an effective decompressive procedure for removal of acute subdural hematomaJournal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2018;4(2): 75-81
Special Issue on Algorithms for the Resource Management of Large Scale Infrastructures
Authors: Ardagna Danilo , Canali Claudia , Lancellotti Riccardo
Published: December 2018

Modern distributed systems are becoming increasingly complex as virtualization is being applied at both the levels of computing and networking. Consequently, the resource management of this infrastructure requires innovative and efficient solutions. This issue is further exacerbated by the unpredictable workload of modern applications and the need to limit the global energy consumption. The purpose of this special issue is to present recent advances and emerging solutions to address the challenge of resource management in the context of modern large-scale infrastructures. We believe that the four papers that we selected present an up-to-date view of the emerging trends, and the papers propose innovative solutions to support efficient and self-managing systems that are able to adapt, manage, and cope with changes derived from continually changing workload and application deployment settings, without the need for human supervision.
Analysis of a Shaftless Semi-Hard Magnetic Material Flywheel on Radial Hysteresis Self-Bearing Drives
Authors: Circosta Salvatore , Bonfitto Angelo , Lusty Christopher , Keogh Patrick , Amati Nicola , Tonoli Andrea
Published: December 2018

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems are interesting solutions for energy storage, featuring advantageous characteristics when compared to other technologies. This has motivated research effort focusing mainly on cost aspects, system reliability and energy density improvement. In this context, a novel shaftless outer-rotor layout is proposed. It features a semi-hard magnetic FeCrCo 48/5 rotor coupled with two bearingless hysteresis drives. The novelty lies in the use of the semi-hard magnetic material, lending the proposed layout advantageous features thanks to its elevated mechanical strength and magnetic properties that enable the use of bearingless hysteresis drives. The paper presents a study of the proposed layout and an assessment of its energetic features. It also focuses on the modeling of the radial magnetic suspension, where the electromagnets providing the levitating forces are modeled through a one-dimensional approach. The Jiles–Atherton model is used to describe the magnetic hysteresis of the rotor material. The proposed flywheel features a mass of 61.2 kg, a storage capability of 600 Wh at the maximum speed of 18,000 rpm and achieves an energy density of 9.8 Wh/kg. The performance of the magnetic suspension is demonstrated to be satisfactory and the influence of the hysteresis of the rotor material is highlighted.
The Determinants of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions (LSLAs) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A Case Study
Authors: Mazzocchi Chiara , Salvan Michele , Orsi Luigi , Sali Guido
Published: December 2018

The determinants of large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) are, in most cases, outside the traditional sales–buying land market, as they are often rented lands for long periods of time or exploitation licenses. Sub-Saharan Africa is among the most affected regions by this phenomenon for reasons related to its land policy, and includes 37% of the total LSLAs cases. The paper develops an econometric model based on a logarithmic OLS regression to identify the determinants of LSLAs in sub-Saharan Africa. As suggested by the literature, this analysis poses the total agricultural area acquired by country as dependent variable. Results show that investors prefer a country offering a sufficiently free trade economic context with a good level of agricultural productivity, thus allowing an easy investment process. Moreover, a country with a formal recognition of land rights is preferred, to have guarantees on their investment. The availability of water is also one of the main LSLAs drivers, as a natural limit of agricultural investments.
An Evaluation of the Variation in the Morphometric Parameters of Grain of Six Triticum Species with the Use of Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Goriewa-Duba Klaudia , Duba Adrian , Wachowska Urszula , Wiwart Marian
Published: December 2018

Kernel images of six wheat species were subjected to shape and color analyses to determine variations in the morphometric parameters of grain. The values of kernel shape descriptors (area, perimeter, Feret diameter, minimal Feret diameter, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, solidity) and color descriptors (H, S, I and L*a*b*) were investigated. The influence of grain colonization by endophytic fungi on the color of the seed coat was also evaluated. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the highest intraspecific variation in shape and color. Bread wheat was most homogeneous in terms of the studied shape and color descriptors. An analysis of variations in wheat lines revealed greater differences in phenotypic traits of relict wheats, which have a larger gene pool. The grain of ancient wheat species was characterized by low roundness values and relatively low solidity. Shape and color descriptors were strongly discriminating components in the studied wheat species. Their discriminatory power was determined mainly by genotype. A method that supports rapid discrimination of cereal species and admixtures of other cereals in grain batches is required to guarantee the quality and safety of grain. The results of this study indicate that digital image analysis can be effectively used for this purpose.
Seasonal Variation in Starch Accumulation and Starch Granule Size in Cassava Genotypes in a Tropical Savanna Climate
Authors: Janket Anon , Vorasoot Nimitr , Toomsan Banyong , Kaewpradit Wanwipa , Banterng Poramate , Kesmala Thawan , Theerakulpisut Piyada , Jogloy Sanun
Published: December 2018

The information on genotypic responses to the seasonal variation in the starch content, starch yield, and starch quality of cassava is limited. The objective of this research was to investigate the seasonal variation of starch characteristics of three cassava genotypes grown under irrigation. The experiment was conducted at four planting dates (20 April, 30 June, 5 October, and 15 December 2015). Three cassava genotypes (CMR38-125-77, Kasetsart 50, and Rayong 11) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications and the plants were harvested at 12 months. The planting date contributed the largest portion of the total variation in the starch content, starch yield, and starch granule size. The amylose content variability was heavily influenced by genotype. Cassava planted on 5 October or 15 December had greater starch content, starch yield, and starch granule in most genotypes. This was likely due to a higher temperature and solar radiation during the 3–9 months post-planting. CMR38-125-77 showed a consistently high starch content, starch yield, and high amylose content for most planting dates except for the starch yield on 20 April, of which Rayong 11 was the best. These findings will be useful for choosing suitable cassava genotypes for different growing seasons and for facilitating breeding efforts for high starch-yielding and high-quality cassava starch in the future.
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Irrigated Cotton Yield in the Southern High Plains
Authors: Guo Wenxuan
Published: December 2018

Understanding spatial and temporal variability patterns of crop yield and their relationship with soil properties can provide decision support to optimize crop management. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the spatial and temporal variability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield over different growing seasons; (2) evaluate the relationship between spatial and temporal yield patterns and apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). This study was conducted in eight production fields, six with 50 ha and two with 25 ha, on the Southern High Plains (SHP) from 2000 to 2003. Cotton yield and ECa data were collected using a yield monitor and an ECa mapping system, respectively. The amount and pattern of spatial and temporal yield variability varied with the field. Fields with high variability in ECa exhibited a stronger association between spatial and temporal yield patterns and ECa, indicating that soil properties related to ECa were major factors influencing yield variability. The application of ECa for site-specific management is limited to fields with high spatial variability and with a strong association between yield spatial and temporal patterns and ECa variation patterns. For fields with low variability in yield, spatial and temporal yield patterns might be more influenced by weather or other factors in different growing seasons. Fields with high spatial variability and a clear temporal stability pattern have great potential for long-term site-specific management of crop inputs. For unstable yield, however, long-term management practices are difficult to implement. For these fields with unstable yield patterns, within season site-specific management can be a better choice. Variable rate application of water, plant growth regulators, nitrogen, harvest aids may be implemented based on the spatial variability of crop growth conditions at specific times.
The Effects of System Changes in Grazed Dairy Farmlet Trials on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Van der Weerden Tony , Beukes Pierre , De Klein Cecile , Hutchinson Kathryn , Farrell Lydia , Stormink Tinke , Romera Alvaro , Dalley Dawn , Monaghan Ross , Chapman David , Macdonald Kevin , Dynes Robyn
Published: December 2018

An important challenge facing the New Zealand (NZ) dairy industry is development of production systems that can maintain or increase production and profitability, while reducing impacts on receiving environments including water and air. Using research ‘farmlets’ in Waikato, Canterbury, and Otago (32–200 animals per herd), we assessed if system changes aimed at reducing nitrate leaching can also reduce total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) and emissions intensity (kg GHG per unit of product) by comparing current and potential ‘improved’ dairy systems. Annual average GHG emissions for each system were estimated for three or four years using calculations based on the New Zealand Agricultural Inventory Methodology, but included key farmlet-specific emission factors determined from regional experiments. Total annual GHG footprints ranged between 10,800 kg and 20,600 kg CO2e/ha, with emissions strongly related to the amount of feed eaten. Methane (CH4) represented 75% to 84% of the total GHG footprint across all modelled systems, with enteric CH4 from lactating cows grazing pasture being the major source. Excreta deposition onto paddocks was the largest source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, representing 7–12% of the total GHG footprint for all systems. When total emissions were represented on an intensity basis, ‘improved’ systems are predicted to generally result in lower emissions intensity. The ‘improved’ systems had lower GHG footprints than the ‘current’ system, except for one of the ‘improved’ systems in Canterbury, which had a higher stocking rate. The lower feed supplies and associated lower stocking rates of the ‘improved’ systems were the key drivers of lower total GHG emissions in all three regions. ‘Improved’ systems designed to reduced N leaching generally also reduced GHG emissions.
Climate Change and Goat Production: Enteric Methane Emission and Its Mitigation
Authors: Pragna Pratap , Chauhan Surinder S. , Sejian Veerasamy , Leury Brian J. , Dunshea Frank R.
Published: December 2018

The ability of an animal to cope and adapt itself to the changing climate virtually depends on the function of rumen and rumen inhabitants such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, virus and archaea. Elevated ambient temperature during the summer months can have a significant influence on the basic physiology of the rumen, thereby affecting the nutritional status of the animals. Rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) production decreases under conditions of extreme heat. Growing recent evidence suggests there are genetic variations among breeds of goats in the impact of heat stress on rumen fermentation pattern and VFA production. Most of the effects of heat stress on rumen fermentation and enteric methane (CH4) emission are attributed to differences in the rumen microbial population. Heat stress-induced rumen function impairment is mainly associated with an increase in Streptococcus genus bacteria and with a decrease in the bacteria of Fibrobactor genus. Apart from its major role in global warming and greenhouse effect, enteric CH4 is also considered as a dietary energy loss in goats. These effects warrant mitigating against CH4 production to ensure optimum economic return from goat farming as well as to reduce the impact on global warming as CH4 is one of the more potent greenhouse gases (GHG). The various strategies that can be implemented to mitigate enteric CH4 emission include nutritional interventions, different management strategies and applying advanced biotechnological tools to find solution to reduce CH4 production. Through these advanced technologies, it is possible to identify genetically superior animals with less CH4 production per unit feed intake. These efforts can help the farming community to sustain goat production in the changing climate scenario.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Use of Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care
Authors: Holmes Emily A. F. , Harris Sharman D. , Hughes Alison , Craine Noel , Hughes Dyfrig A.
Published: December 2018

More appropriate and measured use of antibiotics may be achieved using point-of-care (POC) C-reactive protein (CRP) testing, but there is limited evidence of cost-effectiveness in routine practice. A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of testing, compared with standard care, in adults presenting in primary care with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). Analyses considered (1) pragmatic use of testing, reflective of routine clinical practice, and (2) testing according to clinical guidelines. Threshold and scenario analysis were performed to identify cost-effective scenarios. In patients with symptoms of ARTI and based on routine practice, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of CRP testing were £19,705 per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) gained and £16.07 per antibiotic prescription avoided. Following clinical guideline, CRP testing in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) cost £4390 per QALY gained and £9.31 per antibiotic prescription avoided. At a threshold of £20,000 per QALY, the probabilities of POC CRP testing being cost-effective were 0.49 (ARTI) and 0.84 (LRTI). POC CRP testing as implemented in routine practice is appreciably less cost-effective than when adhering to clinical guidelines. The implications for antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile infection warrant further investigation.
Effect of Agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) on High-Density Lipoprotein Function and Inflammation in Women with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Marín-Echeverri Catalina , Blesso Christopher N. , Fernández Maria Luz , Galvis-Pérez Yeisson , Ciro-Gómez Gelmy , Núñez-Rangel Vitelbina , Aristizábal Juan C. , Barona-Acevedo Jacqueline
Published: December 2018

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with low-grade inflammation and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Polyphenol-rich foods may improve these alterations. Agraz is a fruit rich in polyphenols (mainly anthocyanins); however, there is limited information about its effects on human health. We evaluated the effects of agraz consumption as compared to placebo on HDL function and inflammation in women with MetS. Forty volunteers (25–60 years) were included in this double-blind crossover study. Women consumed agraz or placebo over 4 weeks; separated by a 4-week washout period. HDL function (apoliprotein-A1; paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity; cholesterol efflux capacity), oxidative stress (myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced oxidation protein products) and inflammatory markers (serum cytokines/chemokines and peripheral blood mononuclear cell nuclear factor-kB) were measured after each period. Compared to placebo, agraz consumption did not significantly change any of the biomarkers measured. Interestingly, only after agraz period there were significant positive correlations between PON1 activities and cholesterol efflux. Additionally, there were significant inverse correlations between changes in inflammatory markers and HDL function markers and positive correlations with oxidative markers. Although polyphenol-rich foods have been shown to be beneficial for certain conditions; polyphenol-rich agraz fruit consumption did not impact inflammation and HDL function in the current study of women with MetS.
Optimal Collision-Free Grip Planning for Biped Climbing Robots in Complex Truss Environment
Authors: Gu Shichao , Zhu Haifei , Li Hui , Guan Yisheng , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2018

Biped climbing robots (BiCRs) can overcome obstacles and perform transition easily thanks to their superior flexibility. However, to move in a complex truss environment, grips from the original point to the destination, as a sequence of anchor points along the route, are indispensable. In this paper, a grip planning method is presented for BiCRs generating optimal collision-free grip sequences, as a continuation of our previous work on global path planning. A mathematic model is firstly built up for computing the operational regions for negotiating obstacle members. Then a grip optimization model is proposed to determine the grips within each operational region for transition or for obstacle negotiation. This model ensures the total number of required climbing steps is minimized and the transition grips are with good manipulability. Lastly, the entire grip sequence satisfying the robot kinematic constraint is generated by a gait interpreter. Simulations are conducted with our self-developed biped climbing robot (Climbot), to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology.
Stochastic Analysis of the Gas Flow at the Gas Diffusion Layer/Channel Interface of a High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Authors: Froning Dieter , Yu Junliang , Reimer Uwe , Lehnert Werner
Published: December 2018

Gas diffusion layers (GDLs) play a significant role in the efficient operation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. They connect the electrodes to the gas channels of the bipolar plate by porous material with a meso-scale geometric structure. The electrodes must be sufficiently supplied by gases from the channels to operate fuel cells efficiently. Furthermore, reaction products must be transported in the other direction. The gas transport is simulated in the through-plane direction of the GDL, and its microstructure created by a stochastic model is equivalent to the structure of real GDL material. Continuum approaches in cell-scale simulations have model parameters for porous regions that can be taken from effective properties calculated from the meso-scale simulation results, as one feature of multi-scale simulations. Another significant issue in multi-scale simulations is the interface between two regions. The focus is on the gas flow at the interface between GDL and the gas channel, which is analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative relationships between functionality and microstructure can be detected. With this approach, virtual GDL materials can possibly be designed with improved transport properties. The evaluation of the surface flow with stochastic methods offers substantiated benefits that are suitable for connecting the meso-scale to larger spatial scales.
A New Weighting Approach with Application to Ionospheric Delay Constraint for GPS/GALILEO Real-Time Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Liu Tianjun , Wang Jian , Yu Hang , Cao Xinyun , Ge Yulong
Published: December 2018

The real-time precise point positioning (RT PPP) technique has attracted increasing attention due to its high-accuracy and real-time performance. However, a considerable initialization time, normally a few hours, is required in order to achieve the proper convergence of the real-valued ambiguities and other estimate parameters. The RT PPP convergence time may be reduced by combining quad-constellation global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or by using RT ionospheric products to constrain the ionosphere delay. But to improve the performance of convergence and achieve the best positioning solutions in the whole data processing, proper and precise variances of the observations and ionospheric constraints are important, since they involve the processing of measurements of different types and with different accuracy. To address this issue, a weighting approach is proposed by a combination of the weight factors searching algorithm and a moving-window average filter. In this approach, the variances of ionospheric constraints are adjusted dynamically according to the principle that the sum of the quadratic forms of weighted residuals is the minimum, and the filter is applied to combine all epoch-by-epoch weight factors within a time window. To evaluate the proposed approach, datasets from 31 Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations during the period of DOY (day of year) 023-054 in 2018 are analyzed with different positioning modes and different data processing methods. Experimental results show that the new weighting approach can significantly improve the convergence performance, and that the maximum improvement rate reaches 35.9% in comparison to the traditional method of priori variance in the static dual-frequency positioning mode. In terms of the RMS (Root Mean Square) statistics of positioning errors calculated by the new method after filter convergence, the same accuracy level as that of RT PPP without constraints can be achieved.
Theoretical and Numerical Estimation of Vibroacoustic Behavior of Clamped Free Parabolic Tapered Annular Circular Plate with Different Arrangement of Stiffener Patches
Authors: Chatterjee Abhijeet , Ranjan Vinayak , Azam Mohammad Sikandar , Rao Mohan
Published: December 2018

This paper compares the vibroacoustic behavior of a tapered annular circular plate having different parabolic varying thickness with different combinations of rectangular and concentric stiffener patches keeping the mass of the plate and the patch constant for a clamped-free boundary condition. Both numerical and analytical methods are used to solve the plate. The finite element method (FEM) is used to determine the vibration characteristic and both Rayleigh integral and FEM is used to determine the acoustic behavior of the plate. It is observed that a Case II plate with parabolic decreasing–increasing thickness variation for a plate with different stiffener patches shows reduction in frequency parameter in comparison to other cases. For acoustic response, the variation of peak sound power level for different combinations of stiffener patches is investigated with different taper ratios. It is investigated that Case II plate with parabolic decreasing–increasing thickness variation for an unloaded tapered plate as well as case II plate with 2 rectangular and 4 concentric stiffeners patches shows the maximum sound power level among all variations. However, it is shown that the Case III plate with parabolically increasing–decreasing thickness variation with different combinations of rectangular and concentric stiffeners patches is least prone to acoustic radiation. Furthermore, it is shown that at low forcing frequency, average radiation efficiency with different combinations of stiffeners patches remains the same, but at higher forcing frequency a higher taper ratio causes higher radiation efficiency, and the radiation peak shifts towards the lower frequency and alters its stiffness as the taper ratio increases. Finally, the design options for peak sound power actuation and reduction for different combinations of stiffener patches with different taper ratios are suggested.
A More Efficient Conditional Private Preservation Scheme in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Wang Tao , Tang Xiaohu
Published: December 2018

It is a challenging issue to provide a secure and conditional anonymous authentication scheme in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) with low storage space and computational cost. In 2008, Lu et al. proposed a conditional privacy preservation scheme called efficiency conditional privacy preservation (ECPP) protocol. The ECPP protocol provides conditional privacy preservation to vehicles in VANETs. That is, on one hand vehicles can achieve anonymous authentication in the network, on the other hand, allow to be traced and revoked if necessary. However, ECPP scheme suffers from high computational cost and large storage. In this scheme, an improved protocol based on the concept of ECPP protocol has been proposed to achieve more efficiency conditional privacy preservation (MECPP) scheme in VANETs. Comparing with ECCP, the computational cost of the proposed scheme has been decreased by about 54 % while the communication overhead has been reduced by about 10 % . At the same time, a lot of storage space has been saved.
Part Functionality Alterations Induced by Changes of Surface Integrity in Metal Milling Process: A Review
Authors: Yue Caixu , Gao Haining , Liu Xianli , Liang Steven Y.
Published: December 2018

It has been proved that surface integrity alteration induced by machining process has a profound influence on the performance of a component. As a widely used processing technology, milling technology can process parts of different quality grades according to the processing conditions. The different cutting conditions will directly affect the surface state of the machined parts (surface texture, surface morphology, surface residual stress, etc.) and affect the final performance of the workpiece. Therefore, it is of great significance to reveal the mapping relationship between working conditions, surface integrity, and parts performance in milling process for the rational selection of cutting conditions. The effects of cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed speed, cutting depth, and tool wear on the machined surface integrity during milling are emphatically reviewed. At the same time, the relationship between the machined surface integrity and the performance of parts is also revealed. Furthermore, problems that exist in the study of surface integrity and workpiece performance in milling process are pointed out and we also suggest that more research should be conducted in this area in future.
Comparison of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Degradation by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: You Zhaoyang , Xu Haiyang , Zhang Shujuan , Kim Hyunook , Chiang Pen-Chi , Yun Wenfei , Zhang Li , He Miao
Published: December 2018

The aim of this work was to develop bacterial communities to effectively degrade petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs). We investigated the biotic and abiotic contributors to differences in PHs degradation efficacy between two bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), screened out from the activated sludge of a petroleum refinery. We characterized the temporal variations in degradation efficacy for diesel and its five major constituents as a sole carbon source and identified more constituents they degraded. The growth characteristics, surface tension, hydrophobicity and emulsifiability of these two strains were measured. We further estimated the relationships between their degradation efficacy and all the biotic and abiotic factors. Results showed that the Pa strain had higher diesel degradation efficacy (58% on Day 14) and utilized more diesel constituents (86%) compared to Kp. Additionally, the growth of the Pa strain in diesel medium was faster than that of the Kp strain. The Pa strain had a lower surface tension and higher hydrophobicity and emulsifiability than Kp, while the surfactant produced by Pa was identified as rhamnolipids. Degradation of PHs was positively related to bacterial growth, hydrophobicity and emulsification but negatively related to surface tension. Overall, differences in degrading capacity for diesel constituents, relative growth rate, and biosurfactant production contributed to the variation in the PHs degradation efficacy of these two bacterial strains.
Size-Dependent Free Vibration of Axially Moving Nanobeams Using Eringen’s Two-Phase Integral Model
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Lou Zhimei , Huang Kai , Zhu Xiaowu
Published: December 2018

In this paper, vibration of axially moving nanobeams is studied using Eringen’s two-phase nonlocal integral model. Geometric nonlinearity is taken into account for the integral model for the first time. Equations of motion for the beam with simply supported and fixed–fixed boundary conditions are obtained by Hamilton’s Principle, which turns out to be nonlinear integro-differential equations. For the free vibration of the nanobeam, the critical velocity and the natural frequencies are obtained numerically. Furthermore, the effects of parameters on critical velocity and natural frequency are analyzed. We have found that, for the two-phase nonlocal integral model, regardless of the boundary conditions considered, both the critical velocity and the natural frequency increase with the nonlocal parameter and the geometric parameter.
Form-Finding of Funicular Geometries in Spatial Arch Bridges through Simplified Force Density Method
Authors: Jorquera-Lucerga Juan José
Published: December 2018

In a “classical” vertical planar arch bridge subjected only to in-plane loads, its funicular geometry (which is the geometry that results in an equilibrium state free from bending stresses, i.e., simply under axial forces) is contained within a vertical plane. In the so-called “spatial arch bridges,” their structural behavior extends from the essentially vertical in-plane behavior of the “classical” arch bridges to a three-dimensional behavior. The paper presents how the Force Density Method, which is a form-finding method originally developed for cable meshes, can be simplified to easily obtain three-dimensional funicular arches. The formulation and flow chart of the method is presented and discussed in detail within this paper. Additionally, some case studies illustrate its scope. This paper intends to be useful at the conceptual stage of bridge design when the three-dimensional geometry for the spatial arch bridge typology is considered either because of functional requirements, structural efficiency, or for aesthetical purposes.
Cracking Risk and Overall Stability Analysis of Xulong High Arch Dam: A Case Study
Authors: Lin Peng , Wei Pengcheng , Wang Weihao , Huang Hongfei
Published: December 2018

It is of great significance to study the cracking risk, the overall stability, and the reinforcement measures of arch dams for ensuring long-term safety. In this study, the cracking types and factors of arch dams are summarized. By employing a nonlinear constitutive model relating to the yielding region, a fine three-dimensional finite element simulation of the Xulong arch dam is conducted. The results show that the dam cracking risk is localized around the outlets, the dam heel, and the left abutment. Five dam stress zones are proposed to analysis dam cracking state base of numerical results. It is recommended to use a shearing-resistance wall in the fault f57, replace the biotite enrichment zone with concrete and perform consolidation grouting or anchoring on the excavated exposed weak structural zone. Three safety factors of the Xulong arch dam are obtained, K_1 = 2~2.5; K_2 = 5; K_3 = 8.5, and the overall stability of the Xulong arch dam is guaranteed. This study demonstrates the significance of the cracking control of similar high arch dams.