bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long lived photogenerated charge carriers in few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides obtained from liquid phase exfoliation
Authors: Morabito Floriana , Synnatschke Kevin , Mehew Jake Dudley , Varghese Sebin , Sayers Charles James , Folpini Giulia , Petrozza Annamaria , Cerullo Giulio , Tielrooij Klaas-Jan , Coleman Jonathan , Nicolosi Valeria , Gadermaier Christoph
Published: November 2023

Liquid-phase exfoliation enables tiled nanosheet films of 2D semiconductors with exceptionally long carrier lifetime for light harvesting and sensing.
Quest for ultralong C–C bonds in [1.1.1]propellane derivatives: a theoretical study
Authors: Sultana Nargish , Kalita Amlan J. , Guha Ankur K.
Published: November 2023

Quantum chemical calculations predict ultra-long bonded C–C distances in [1.1.1]propellane derivatives.
LC-HRMS analysis of corn mint Mentha arvensis L. for anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer targeting inflammatory and apoptosis signaling pathways
Authors: Pratyusha Beesetti Bhavya , Sparjan Samuvel Rajan Marystella , Nivetha Selvaraju , Bhuvaneshwari Vuyyala , Muralidharan Kathirvel , Swain Debasish , Ramalingam Vaikundamoorthy
Published: November 2023

In this study, the methanol extract of Mentha arvensis (MMA) was assessed for anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and the metabolomic profiling was determined using LC-HRMS analysis.
Fundamental properties of the MgCl2 monolayer from first-principles calculations
Authors: Men Cairui , Shao Li , Li Xuan , He Yuantao , Huo Haibo , Li Yan , Li Mingyu , Su Chuanxun , Ye Honggang , Du Yinxiao
Published: November 2023

The band gap of 2D MgCl2 can be modulated flexibly in a large range by applied strain, layer control and cutting into nanoribbons and a direct–indirect band gap transition can be obtained.
Two biomass material-derived self-doped (N/O) porous carbons from waste coriander and lilac with high specific surface areas and high capacitance for supercapacitors
Authors: Ma Zihan , Wang Lishuang , Chen Tingting , Wang Guangning
Published: November 2023

In this study, two kinds of 3D self-doped (N/O) lilac-based and coriander-based porous carbons with high performance have been prepared.
From doping to composites: zirconia (ZrO2) modified hematite photoanodes for water splitting
Authors: Qureshi Saima , Gregory Duncan H. , Tahir Asif Ali , Ahmed Safeer
Published: November 2023

ZrO2 modified α-Fe2O3 thin films developed by aerosol assisted CVD showed considerable improvement in optoelectrical properties. The optimized composition gave a photocurrent density of 3.06 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE.
Quaternary ammonium salts based on caprylic acid as antimicrobial and surface-active agents
Authors: Wojcieszak Marta , Syguda Anna , Karolak Maciej , Pałkowski Łukasz , Materna Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

In this work, amidequats and esterquats based on caprylic acid were investigated as promising compounds with surface properties and biological activity that are in harmony with the principles of green chemistry.
A low-volume flow electrochemical microreactor for rapid and automated process optimization
Authors: Rial-Rodríguez Eduardo , Wagner Johannes F. , Eggenweiler Hans-Michael , Fuchss Thomas , Sommer Alena , Kappe C. Oliver , Williams Jason D. , Cantillo David
Published: November 2023

A microliter-volume flow electrolysis cell, combined with a fully automated platform which includes parameters variation and sample collection, enables high-throughput screening of electrolysis conditions within 2–3 hours.
Metal selectivity and translocation mechanism characterization in proteoliposomes of the transmembrane NiCoT transporter NixA from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Hernandez Jayoh A. , Micus Paul S. , Sunga Sean Alec Lois , Mazzei Luca , Ciurli Stefano , Meloni Gabriele
Published: November 2023

Helicobacter pylori NixA is a Ni(ii)-selective Class I NiCoT transmembrane electrogenic importer.
Discovery and bioinspired total syntheses of unprecedented sesquiterpenoid dimers unveiled bifurcating [4 + 2] cycloaddition and target differentiation of enantiomers
Authors: He Tao-Bin , Yan Bing-Chao , Zhou Yuan-Fei , Sang Yue-Qian , Li Xiao-Nian , Sun Han-Dong , Wang Chu , Xue Xiao-Song , Puno Pema-Tenzin
Published: November 2023

The [4 + 2] cycloaddition has led to diverse polycyclic chiral architectures, serving as novel sources for organic synthesis and biological exploration.
A salt-concentrated electrolyte for aqueous ammonium-ion hybrid batteries
Authors: Meng Jianming , Song Yu , Wang Jing , Hei Peng , Liu Chang , Li Mengxue , Lin Yulai , Liu Xiao-Xia
Published: November 2023

Electrolyte concentration affects the NH4+ storage performance of a hydroxide material. The improved performance in 15 m NH4Ac electrolyte is due to the facilitated adsorption/de-solvation process of the unique solvated NH4+ on the electrode surface.
Photocatalytic (3 + 2) dipolar cycloadditions of aziridines driven by visible-light
Authors: Mazzarella Daniele , Bortolato Tommaso , Pelosi Giorgio , Dell'Amico Luca
Published: November 2023

Herein, we document the design and development of a novel (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction aided by the activity of an organic photocatalyst and visible light.
Safe seasonal energy and hydrogen storage in a 1 : 10 single-household-sized pilot reactor based on the steam-iron process
Authors: Heiniger Samuel P. , Fan Zhiyuan , Lustenberger Urs B. , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: November 2023

The seasonal storage of hydrogen and energy using iron as a storage medium is demonstrated at a technically-relevant level using a 0.21 m3 pilot reactor.
Bioinspired gradient-structured wood interfaces achieving efficient ion diffusion to generate electricity from natural evaporation
Authors: Han Chuanlong , Bai Ziqi , Sun Huihong , Mi Lintao , Sun Zhuangzhi
Published: November 2023

A bioinspired gradient-structured wood-based interfacial evaporative nanogenerator, that overcomes the slow ion diffusion that limits efficient energy harvesting.
Discrimination leading to social intolerance in senior high school “case study in Manado, Indonesia”
Authors: Rantelangan Yohanis , Wisadirana Darsono , Cahwa Anif Fatma , Prasetyo Bambang Dwi
Published: November 2023

Discrimination behaviours frequently occur in a school setting. The establishment of discriminatory behaviours is due to a variety of factors, including those present in educational settings. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the researcher finds out the discrimination sample as the impact of class differences between special target classes and regular classes at Senior High School Manado. Researchers analysed the psychological and social impact of these differences, especially concentrating on how these differences can lead to discrimination and social intolerance among students. The environment of school, teachers, and the influence of social stratification cannot be separated from the existence of discrimination that breeds social intolerance. Researchers explain how inequality in access to quality education, differences in learning approaches, and social norms applied in the classroom can lead to misunderstanding, stereotypes, and conflicts among students. In addition, this article emphasizes the importance of inclusive education as a solution to overcome differences and reduce the harmful effects of class differences in schools. This research provides a recommendation to the government in education to understand this phenomenon that will enable us to create a more just and inclusive educational environment, and encourage students to be tolerant, which will help achieve for equal education for all.
Juridical analysis of land asset utilization on legal entity college State University of Surabaya
Authors: Andriani Lusy , Nugroho Yuniarto Wiryo , Firdaus Mohamad Aldy , Kholidah
Published: November 2023

Surabaya State University is one of the Universities that has changed its campus autonomy from a Public Service Agency State University to a Legal Entity State University. These changes are regulated in Government Regulation Number 37 of 2022 concerning State Universities Legal Entities of Surabaya State University. The change in status has a significant impact in various ways and one of them is on the management of Unesa’s Wealth, as stipulated in [1] Article 88 paragraph (1) of PP No.37 of 2022 concerning PTNBH Surabaya State University stated that “Unesa’s initial wealth as referred to in [1] Article 87 paragraph (1) point a is in the form of state wealth separated except land. This research arises because specifically the use of land assets is regulated separately unlike other assets of Surabaya State University, so further study is needed in this study. The problem to be studied is, first, how is the juridical analysis of land assets at Surabaya State University as PTNBH? Second, how is the management and utilization of land assets at Surabaya State University as PTNBH? The problems in this study will be analyzed using normative legal research methods, namely studies based on legal philosophy, legal theories, legal principles and applicable legal norms using a normative juridical approach.
Development Communication Role in Natural Resources and Environmental Management Adaptive to Climate Change
Authors: Sumardjo Sumardjo , Firmansyah Adi , Dharmawan Leonard , Riyanto Sutisna
Published: November 2023

The weakness of natural resources and environmental management at the household level in peri-urban communities has significantly impacted domestic waste problems. These impacts include flooding, pollution, and housing microclimates. Peri-urban communities need an appropriate development communication model to empower communities to manage household waste, primarily to address the impacts of climate change on environmental problems. Risk communication in the form of an interactive process of exchanging information and opinions among individuals, groups, and institutions is considered appropriate for managing environmental issues. This research aims to develop a development communication model for overcoming the effects of climate change, especially household waste and its impacts. This research method uses the Participatory Rural Communication Appraisal (PRCA) technique by placing researchers who live with the community during the study period to empower the community. The research location was Kebalen Village, Bekasi Regency, West Java, a peri-urban community facing the risk of flooding, pollution, and housing microclimate problems. The results showed that the participatory and convergent risk communication model changed community behaviour. There was a change in the awareness and behaviour of the community from leaving waste to external waste managers to managing waste independently, which is beneficial for social, economic, environmental, and SDGs achievement.
Unraveling the Impact of Social Innovation Based on Biocycle Farming: The Path to Sustainable Development
Authors: Firmansyah Adi , Sumardjo Sumardjo , Fatchiya Anna , Sadono Dwi
Published: November 2023

Social innovation is a community empowerment activity based on the community’s social needs to encourage the improvement of capabilities and social relations, as well as better utilization of assets and resources. Social innovation based on bio cyclo farming system aims to introduce the community to environmentally friendly agricultural businesses. This study aims to 1) analyze social innovations based on bio cyclo farming, 2) measure the impact of bio cyclo farming on social, economic, and ecological aspects, including contributions to achieving the SDGs. This research was conducted using qualitative methods supported by quantitative data. The social innovation analysis method includes aspects of the fulfillment of community needs, the element of novelty as a solution to community problems, the existence of social change, and the increase in community capacity. The research location is in Majalengka Regency. The results showed that bio cyclo farming was implemented through agricultural waste and household waste into agricultural inputs, optimization of the use of vacant land, and development of a businessoriented agricultural system. The economic impact of this community empowerment program includes producing several organic products that provide additional assistance to the group. The social impact of the program can be seen in the formation of new institutions, the change in science and skills, and the increasing cohesiveness of society. The perceived environmental impact is in the form of using agricultural waste and household waste as well as optimizing the use of vacant land. Bio cyclo farming-based community empowerment also contributes to achieving the SDGs, especially waste management and food security.
Intérêt et mécanismes d’action de la kétamine dans le traitement de l’addiction à l’alcool – Revue des études cliniques et précliniques
Authors: Hilal Fahd , Jeanblanc Jérôme , Naassila Mickaël
Published: November 2023

Le Trouble de l’Usage d’Alcool (TUA) est une maladie psychiatrique caractérisée par une consommation chronique et excessive d’alcool malgré des conséquences négatives sur la santé et le fonctionnement social ou professionnel. Les options de traitements du TUA sont actuellement limitées et les tailles d’effet et taux de réponse à ces traitements sont souvent faibles à modérés. L’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé a identifié le développement des médicaments pour traiter le TUA comme l’une de ses 24 priorités. Cette dernière décennie a été marquée par un intérêt renouvelé pour l’utilisation de psychédéliques en psychiatrie. La kétamine, un psychédélique atypique déjà utilisé dans le traitement de la dépression majeure, est au centre de cette renaissance. Cet antagoniste des récepteurs NMDA existe sous deux formes énantiomères, la S-kétamine et la R-kétamine, qui peuvent être métabolisées en différents dérivés, dont certains ont montré des propriétés antidépressives. Cet article de revue vise à faire le bilan des études cliniques et précliniques sur l’utilisation de la kétamine et de ses métabolites dans le traitement du TUA. L’ensemble de ces études montre que la kétamine est efficace pour réduire les symptômes de sevrage et les envies irrépressibles d’alcool. Les propriétés antidépressives avérées de la kétamine contribuent à la diminution du risque de rechute dans le mésusage d’alcool, notamment chez les patients suivant des psychothérapies. Son efficacité est supposée être liée à sa capacité à réguler la voie glutamatergique, à améliorer la neuroplasticité, à réorganiser la connectivité fonctionnelle des réseaux d’état de repos (resting state networks) du cerveau et à réduire les états dépressifs. Bien que ces premiers résultats soient prometteurs, la mise en évidence de différences importantes entre les sexes, et la méconnaissance du rôle de chacun des métabolites dans les effets observés justifient la poursuite des recherches précliniques pour mieux comprendre comment agissent véritablement la kétamine et ses métabolites sur le TUA. En clinique, les études récentes s’intéressent désormais à la dépendance à la kétamine et à la dépression comorbide, ainsi qu’à l’influence du sexe, une comorbidité plus forte entre la dépendance à l’alcool et la dépression semblant exister chez la femme.
Les tumeurs hépato-biliaires chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Sayag David
Published: November 2023

Les tumeurs hépatobiliaires représentent approximativement 2 % de l’ensemble des néoplasies chez le chien et le chat, et peuvent être primitives (adénomes, hépatocarcinomes, cholangiocarcinomes, hémangiosarcomes, lymphomes, tumeurs neuroendocrines…) ou secondaires à une maladie métastatique. Les signes cliniques d’appel sont généralement non spécifiques, bien qu’une hypoglycémie paranéoplasique soit rarement identifiée en pratique. Les examens d’imagerie, et notamment l’échographie et la tomodensitométrie, permettent d’identifier une masse, des nodules ou une modification de l’aspect du parenchyme hépatique compatible avec une infiltration diffuse. Le diagnostic de certitude repose sur un examen histopathologique. Les stratégies thérapeutiques demeurent dépendantes de la nature primitive de la tumeur, et peuvent inclure la chirurgie (notamment lors de forme massique), la chimiothérapie (notamment dans les lymphomes et mastocytomes), les thérapies ciblées, et la radiothérapie. L’oncologie interventionnelle (ablation micro-ondes, chimio-embolisation) tend à offrir de nouvelles perspectives dans la prise en charge future de ces tumeurs.
Les hépatopathies vacuolaires ou de surcharge
Authors: Lecoindre Alexis , Lecoindre Patrick
Published: November 2023

Les hépatopathies de surcharge fréquemment désignées sous le terme d’hépatopathie vacuolaire (HV) sont des entités histopathologiques caractérisées par la présence de vacuoles intracytoplasmiques. Elles se différencient du groupe des hépatites par l’absence d’inflammation, au moins au stade initial de la maladie. Les hépatopathies induites par les stéroïdes (d’origine endogène ou exogène) sont les plus fréquentes. Beaucoup d’endocrinopathies peuvent également s’associer à ce type d’hépatopathie. Enfin, on décrit des hépatopathies vacuolaires idiopathiques (HVI) qui peuvent être à prédisposition raciale et familiale. Les répercussions cliniques sont très variables.
Safeguarding the intangible heritage of French optics
Authors: Levenson Ariel , Dudley John
Published: November 2023

The fortieth anniversary of the SFO is an ideal occasion to launch PÉPITES [1], a national program to safeguard the scientific memory of French optics. By understanding the intergenerational links that have created today’s vibrant photonics sector, we can ensure that its future will be as radiant as in the past.
Pioneering experiments on optical solitons in fibres
Authors: Kibler Bertrand , Dudley John M. , Finot Christophe
Published: November 2023

Fifty years ago, the concept of solitons in optical fibres was proposed numerically by F. Tappert and A. Hasegawa from Bell Labs. Seven years later in 1980, experiments confirmed that dispersion and the Kerr nonlinearity could combine to yield a coherent ultrashort pulse able to propagate without distortion. The implications of this discovery go well beyond the sector of telecommunications as initially suggested, and solitons now play a major role in modern ultrafast nonlinear photonics.
Parametric nonlinear optics
Authors: Manzoni Cristian , Cerullo Giulio
Published: November 2023

Many scientific and technological applications require the generation of broadly tunable femtosecond light pulses. Optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) exploit second-order nonlinear interactions to convert a high-power fixed wavelength pulse (the pump) into a tunable pulse (the signal). This paper reviews the principles of OPAs and highlights their capability to generate few-optical-cycle pulses with high energy and carrier-envelope-phase stability.
Temporal Kerr cavity solitons in optical resonators
Authors: Leo François
Published: November 2023

Cavity Solitons are short optical pulses that propagate indefinitely in driven optical resonators. They are sustained by a double balance which prevents them from spreading or declining. This complex mechanism makes them “dissipative structures”, a general term coined by Ilya Prigogine to describe patterns emerging from noise in nonlinear systems. In the past decade, cavity solitons have attracted a lot of attention both for their fundamental interest and many potential applications. This article aims at introducing the reader to these fascinating objects.
Orientation-patterned gallium phosphide for integrated nonlinear photonics
Authors: Pantzas Konstantinos , Combrie Sylvain , Leger Yoan , Beaudoin Grégoire , Le Gratiet Luc , Harouri Abdel mounaim , Gerard Bruno , Patriarche Gilles , Sagnes Isabelle , Grisard Arnaud
Published: November 2023

Gallium phosphide has long held promise for integrated nonlinear photonics, owing to its high non-linear figure of merit, broad transparency and compatibility with silicon. The recent development of orientation patterning in gallium phosphide has now brought this promise within grasp. Current research efforts are focused on demonstrating and evaluating a variety of second and third-order non-linear processes on the platform, reducing optical losses, and investigating integration with Si.
Es ist kompliziert
Authors: Heinrich Jörg
Published: November 2023

Auch für die Pädiatrie ist die PPR 2.0 ein großer Fortschritt und wird zukünftig den Personalbedarf realistischer abbilden. Beim Start in die Testphase haperte es aber schon mal gewaltig am Zeitplan, an den Materialien und an der Unterstützung.
Das Fibromyalgie-Syndrom ganzheitlich behandeln
Authors: Lohmann Maria
Published: November 2023

Beim Fibromyalgie-Syndrom handelt es sich um eine chronische Schmerzerkrankung, die in der Regel lebenslang besteht. Wichtig ist, gemeinsam mit dem Patienten realistische Ziele zu setzen im Sinne einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Funktionsfähigkeit sowie der Erlangung eines Gefühls der Selbstwirksamkeit. Grundprinzip der klassischen, ganzheitlichen Naturheilkunde ist die Umstimmung des Organismus. Konkret heißt das beim Fibromyalgie-Syndrom, Impulse zu geben, die den Körper zu heilsamen Reaktionen befähigen. Als Bausteine gehören zu diesen Regulationsimpulsen Heilfasten, basenreiche Ernährung, unspezifische Reiztherapien (in erster Linie Wärmeanwendungen), Hydrotherapie, Bewegung und Anpassung der Lebensführung.
PPR im Praxistest
Authors: Winkel Nicole
Published: November 2023

Bevor die PPR 2.0 2024 bundesweit eingeführt wird, fanden in den vergangenen Monaten Testläufe in ausgewählten Kliniken statt. Das Ziel: eine empirische Auswertung von Daten zur Ist- und Soll-Besetzung nach der PPR 2.0. Lesen Sie hier von den Erfahrungen der Knappschaft Kliniken.
Way Forward in Improving Rhinoplasty Outcomes
Authors: Xavier Rui
Published: November 2023

Rhinoplasty is an elective surgical procedure to attain an aesthetic and functional improvement of the nose. The level of expectation of the patient—and the surgeon—regarding the outcome of a rhinoplasty is usually high, and any result that is less than perfect can be seen as a failure. To achieve consistently good results in rhinoplasty, the surgeon should be meticulous at every step of the procedure. Fully understanding the patient's desires, careful preoperative evaluation of the face, and proper selection of patients are crucial to achieving improved outcomes. Furthermore, an individually tailored surgical planning according to the unique features of the specific case, preferring remodeling over resection and reinforcing the nasal framework support, and careful surgical execution will likely ensure a satisfactory and long-lasting surgical outcome. Rhinoplasty requires lifelong dedication of the surgeon for providing the best outcomes to patients entrust their noses to the surgeon's surgical skills. The rhinoplasty surgeon has been labeled an “eternal student,” and this should reflect the delicateness and humbleness of the rhinoplasty surgeon.
Effectiveness of ChatGPT in Identifying and Accurately Guiding Patients in Rhinoplasty Complications
Authors: Soto-Galindo Germán A. , Capelleras Marta , Cruellas Marc , Apaydin Fazil
Published: November 2023

Postoperative complications in rhinoplasty require prompt intervention for optimal outcomes. ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) tool, offers potential for assisting in postoperative care.

This study aims to assess ChatGPT's effectiveness in providing guidance for various rhinoplasty complications.

Different complication scenarios were input into ChatGPT. Responses were categorized into “Contact Surgeon” or “Follow Postoperative Instructions.”

ChatGPT consistently advised immediate surgeon contact for infection. For other complications, it recommended monitoring and adhering to instructions while suggesting surgeon contact if concerns persisted.

ChatGPT shows promise in aiding patients' postoperative care by accurately identifying cases necessitating communication with surgeons or emergency care. This research underscores AI's potential in enhancing patient-centered care and contributes to the evolving landscape of health care practices.
Mild Metal-Free 1,2-Dichlorination of Alkynes by NCS-PPh3-H2O System
Authors: Umezawa Taiki , Yuan Jianan , Prakoso Nurcahyo Iman , Morozumi Tatsuya
Published: November 2023

Facile dichlorination of alkynes to give 1,2-dichloroalkenes is described. Previous studies for the synthesis of the 1,2-dichloroalkenes from the corresponding alkynes require stoichiometric amount of copper salt, preparation of the chlorinating reagent from hazardous compounds such as molecular chlorine, and highly acidic conditions. In this paper, only ubiquitous reagents, NCS-PPh3-H2O, are used to prepare the 1,2-dichloroalkenes from the alkynes under mild conditions. Various functional groups such as esters, ethers or carbamates were tolerated under these reaction conditions.
Cobalt Catalysis: C7 Alkynylation of Indolines with a Bromoalkyne
Authors: Sharma Upendra , Manisha Manisha , Gupta Shiv Shankar
Published: November 2023

A method for the cobalt-catalyzed C-7 alkynylation of indolines with (bromoethynyl)triisopropylsilane under mild conditions is described, leading to a diverse range of alkynylated indolines in good to excellent yields. Kinetic isotope studies indicate that the formation of a cobaltacycle might be the turnover-limiting step. Additionally, a gram-scale synthesis and oxidation of an indoline to an indole have been carried out successfully with excellent yields.
One-Flow Operation via 4-Bromopyridine Enables Flash Synthesis of AChE Inhibitor
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Soutome Hiroki , Kimuro Yusuke , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Yoo Dong-eun , Yao Yiyue , Oshida Shuto , Nakayama Hiroki , Iwata Masatomo , Ebisawa Ruka , Kikuchi Ryuhei , Tomite Kyosuke , Wada Shuto , Ashikari Yosuke
Published: November 2023

4-Bromopyridine is a building block that can be converted into valuable compounds, but due to its low stability, it is commercially available in the form of hydrochloride salt. Therefore, the hydrochloride salt is usually desalted with a basic aqueous solution and dried before organic reaction. In this study, to simplify the preparation and reaction procedure of 4-bromopyridine, multiple operations, desalting with a base, separation of the aqueous layer, and subsequent halogen–lithium exchange reaction were integrated into a single flow reaction. The reaction sequence was completed within 20 seconds and the yields were higher than the conventional methods. This is because the subsequent reaction can be performed immediately after the generation of 4-bromopyridine, which is unstable under ambient conditions.
New Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Derivatives Based on 5-Aminopyrazole and Azlactones
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Shatsauskas Anton L. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S.
Published: November 2023

Reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole with azlactones under solvent-free conditions with heating furnished tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. The latter were converted to oxazolo[5,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines by the action with POCl3 on air. Further reaction of oxazolo[5,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines with hydrazine hydrate and alkali led to the formation of 5-amino-1,7-dihydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-ones, which reacted with aluminum chloride to yield 3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[4,3-f][1,7]naphthyridin-5-ones. Some of the synthesized compounds show antioxidant activity or are effective phosphors.
Quality and Reliability Analysis of YouTube as a Source of Patient Information on de Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Kim Jason H. , Hoy John F. , Shuman Samuel L. , Ahmad Farhan , Simcock Xavier C.
Published: November 2023

Purpose This study seeks to evaluate the quality and reliability of information regarding de Quervain's tenosynovitis on YouTube.

Materials and Methods A search on the YouTube was performed using the keywords de Quervain's tenosynovitis, and the first 50 videos were evaluated. Video characteristics including views, content type, and video upload source were recorded. Video reliability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Video quality was assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and a novel de Quervain's Tenosynovitis-Specific Score (DQT-SS).

Results The total number of views for all videos evaluated was 5,508,498 (mean, 110,169.96 ± 155,667.07). Video reliability and quality metrics were low, with a mean JAMA score of 2.17 ± 0.82 out of 4, a mean GQS of 2.49 ± 1.28 out of 5, and a mean DQT-SS of 4.53 ± 2.35 out of 11. Significant between-group effects were found for the video source and DQT-SS (p = 0.027), as well as between content type and JAMA score (p = 0.027), GQS (p = 0.003), and DQT-SS (p = 0.003). Positive independent predictors of DQT-SS included video duration in seconds (β = 0.391) and disease-specific information content type (β = 0.648).

Conclusion Videos on YouTube regarding de Quervain's tenosynovitis were frequently viewed; however, the information present was of low quality and reliability. Physician-uploaded videos had the highest mean JAMA scores, GQS, and DQT-SS, but had the second-lowest mean number of views of video sources. Patients should receive proper in-office education and be directed toward reputable resources for their orthopaedic conditions.
DIEP Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction: An Underutilized Option!
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Borle Firoz , Mathews Saumya , Mantri Mayur , Kumar Vineet , Bindu Ameya , Yadav Prabha , Shankhdhar Vinay Kant
Published: November 2023

Background The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is a workhorse flap for breast reconstruction. Its use for head and neck (HN) reconstruction is rare. Abdomen provides a donor site abundant in skin and subcutaneous tissue, amenable to primary closure; sizeable, robust, and consistent perforators and a long, sizeable pedicle for comfortable microvascular anastomosis. Its offers all the donor variables needed for HN reconstruction in abundance.

Methods It is a quasiexperimental design study. DIEP flap use for HN reconstruction in our series was opportunistic, that is, when donor site matched the defect. Cases that had very thick thighs and lesser bulk in abdomen and cases that had very thin thighs but much more bulk in abdomen were considered for reconstruction using DIEP flap.

Results The DIEP flap was done in 11 cases for HN reconstruction. There were two re-explorations during postoperative period: one flap loss and another had partial necrosis.

Conclusion Abdomen is an excellent donor site option for HN reconstruction in selected cases, especially when harvested as a perforator flap.
European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Survey on the Adherence to EAU/ESPU Guidelines in the Management of Undescended Testes
Authors: Aubert Ophelia , Zaidan Hind , Garnier Hanna , Saxena Amulya K. , Cascio Salvatore
Published: November 2023

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to the European Association of Urology (EAU)/European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESPU) 2016 guidelines in the management of undescended testes (UDT).

Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was sent in 2023 to members of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA).

Results Among 157 members, 46 and 44% perform orchidopexy before 12 and 18 months, respectively. In total, 92% recommend conservative management of retractile testes and 58% offer close follow-up. In case of nonpalpable testes, 78% favor laparoscopy and 18% ultrasonography. If a peeping testicle is identified at laparoscopy, 76% perform a single-stage orchidopexy. In case of a high testicle, a staged procedure is preferred (84%). Management of blind-ending spermatic vessel is heterogenous with a majority ending the operation, followed by exploration of the inguinal canal and removal of the testicular nubbin with optional fixation of the contralateral testis. Only a minority recommends hormonal therapy to improve fertility potential in bilateral UDT. A majority (59%) discuss testis removal in UDT in postpubertal boys. In addition, 77% declare following the EAU/ESPU guidelines. Unawareness of guidelines was the most common reason cited for nonadherence. International guidelines were found to have the greatest influence on clinical practice; however, personal experience and institutional practice seem to play an important role.

Conclusion Most recommendations of the EAU/ESPU guidelines are being followed by EUPSA members; however, personal and institutional practice impact decision making. Hormonal therapy in bilateral UDT, management of vanishing testes, and UDT in postpubertal boys could be improved.
Internet use and higher farmer participation in domestic waste sorting: micro-survey data from 2126 farming households in rural China
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhang Can , Wang Wenna , Wei Hong
Published: November 2023

In the context of the digital economy, understanding the impact of digital participation on farmers’ environmental behavior is crucial for promoting environmental literacy and improving quality of life. This study focuses on the influence of internet use on domestic waste sorting among farm households in rural areas of eastern, central, and western China, based on data from a micro survey conducted in 2126 households. The study utilizes an ordered probability model to examine the impact of internet use on waste sorting behavior and explores any heterogeneity in this relationship. The results reveal that internet use significantly increases the likelihood of farmers participating in domestic waste sorting. This finding remains consistent even after conducting robustness tests. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that internet use reduces the probability of non-participation in waste separation by 14.9%, while increasing the proportion of waste sorting into two, three, and four categories by 3.86, 5.99, and 5.04%, respectively. In other words, farmers who use the internet are more likely to engage in proper waste separation practices. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the promotion of internet use facilitates information access for traditionally marginalized groups, such as women, older individuals, those with low income, and those with low education levels. Consequently, these groups are more likely to participate in household waste sorting. This study serves as an important reference for developing countries and regions that aim to enhance residential waste participation through internet use.
Theoretical study and circuit implementation of three chain-coupled self-driven Duffing oscillators
Authors: Sundarambal Balaraman , Kemgang Lucas Kana , Jacques Kengne , Rajagopal Karthikeyan
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we describe the scenario from the birth of oscillations to multi-spiral chaos in a novel system composed of three chain-coupled self-driven Duffing oscillators. Eight of the equilibrium points develop (multiple) Hopf bifurcation when varying a parameter (e.g., coupling coefficient). Considering the computer integration of the state equations, the combined exploitation of Lyapunov exponent plots, bifurcation diagrams, basins of attraction, and phase portraits, unusual and attractive features were highlighted including the coexistence of eight bifurcation branches, Hopf bifurcations, a multitude of coexisting types of oscillations and a six-spiral chaotic attractor, just to cite a few. Using basic electronic components, the electronic circuit of the three chain-coupled Duffing oscillator system is performed. Orcad-PSpice simulated dynamics of the proposed chain-coupled analog circuit confirm the theoretically disclosed features. Moreover, the practical feasibility of the coupled system is demonstrated by considering microcontroller-based hardware realization.
Numerical simulations on flow control of the long hanger around a bridge tower based on active suction and blowing method
Authors: Hu Peng , Wang Sailong , Han Yan , Cai C. S. , Yuan Bangrong , Ding Shaoling
Published: November 2023

Long hangers around the bridge tower are subjected to severe vibrations caused by the tower wakes. This study adopted an active suction/blowing control measure at the tower corners to control hanger vibrations and included four combination measures: upstream suction (US), upstream blowing (UB), downstream suction (DS), and downstream blowing (DB). The effects of control cases on the near-wake flow structures of the tower were first studied in two-dimensional RANS simulation, and the vibration behaviors of the hanger and control mechanism were further analyzed. The cases associated with UB and DS cannot effectively suppress hanger vibrations, and both lead to unfavorable upward trends in the aerodynamic coefficients of the tower. Especially for the cases associated with DS, at a specific control speed, the second-order frequency of the drag coefficient of the hanger is very close to its natural frequency, resulting in significant longitudinal vibration. The cases associated with US and DB are effective control schemes with longitudinal peak amplitudes of the hanger reduced by 94.1% and 94.5%, and lateral peak amplitudes reduced by 95.8% and 97.0%, respectively, compared with the case baseline. This is because the dominant frequency of the lift of the hanger is away from its natural frequency, and the fluctuating wind loads on the hanger are effectively suppressed. Finally, the control effect and vibration suppression mechanism for typical cases were further reproduced in three-dimensional large eddy simulations.
Quantifying the contributions of powder mixing mechanisms using a combined proper orthogonal decomposition and analysis of variance approach
Authors: Shi Qi
Published: November 2023

In manufacturing, powder mixing processes are vital for ensuring product quality. The mixing progress and efficiency are determined based on the fundamental convection and diffusion mechanisms. While mixers are believed to have a unique primary mixing mechanism, recent findings from our group have verified that the main mechanism can change as the mixing progresses. The transitions were successfully captured using a new method incorporating proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) into the discrete element method simulation, proving POD as a valuable tool for mechanism identification. Nevertheless, the existing POD method cannot quantitatively evaluate these mechanisms, hindering a comprehensive analysis of their magnitudes and transitions. This study combines analysis of variance (ANOVA) with POD to solve the problem, establishing a POD-ANOVA framework to quantify the degree of contribution of the mechanisms. The capability of POD-ANOVA is assessed in the transverse mixing of a rolling drum. For a quantitative evaluation of the mechanism magnitudes, POD-ANOVA is performed over the entire mixing process (denoted as Standard POD-ANOVA). The convection and diffusion rates are then derived from the overall mixing rate. Validations show that the two rates corroborate well with common indicators of mechanism intensities. Furthermore, Standard POD-ANOVA is applied over sequential time domains to track mechanism transitions; however, it is found to be insufficiently precise. Thus, a new time-windowing POD is implemented, leading to Windowed POD-ANOVA. Over short time windows, the improved method can effectively quantify the transitions. Consequently, the proposed methods enable a quantitative evaluation of powder mixing mechanisms scientifically for the first time.
Numerical analysis of the Brewster-electrical duo-effect for multi-resonance tuning in THz absorber
Authors: Kumar Durgesh , Giri Pushpa , Varshney Gaurav
Published: November 2023

The excitation and tuning of multiple resonances with narrow spectral width based on Brewster's effect is possible in an ultrathin dual-band terahertz absorber. The angular variation establishes a monotonic relation with the frequency of some generated resonances offering tunability. Moreover, burying a graphene ring resonator beneath the metallic ring splits the resonance for providing the triple narrow absorption windows. The electrical modulation offers the feature of independent tunability in the generated third absorption band. Thus, the frequency ratio of the upper to lower spectral absorption peak can be modulated by the electrically tunable Fermi energy of graphene. Engraving the graphene resonator also enhances the incident angle based tunability by affecting a greater number of Brewster generated resonance peaks. The narrow line shape of the triple band absorption can enable refractive index sensing and the detection of extraneous elements in localized analyte samples. The detection of imidacloprid pesticide in wheat flour is performed by the implemented sensor. The numerical analysis is done for the design and analysis of the absorber structures to report the above facts.
Induced-charge electroosmosis flow of viscoelastic fluids under different voltage arrangements
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Xu Huanying , Qi Haitao
Published: November 2023

Efficient mixing of chemical analysis reagents with laboratory samples at a microscale is a key issue in numerous biomedical and chemical analyses but hardly to implement due to the limited of the low diffusivity in laminar flow. Induced-charge electroosmosis flow, as an innovative mixing method, has been proved to be effective and simple in rapid mixing attributes to its mechanism of vortex generation. This work aims to propose a new strategy for chaotic induced-charge electroosmosis flow based on different voltage arrangements to improve the mixing of viscoelastic fluids. The Phan–Thien–Tanner constitutive model is applied to characterize the flow behavior of viscoelastic fluid in a microfluidic preparation mixer. The direct numerical simulation method is used to solve the fully coupled Navier–Stokes and Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations for a polarizable cylinder in a two-dimensional cavity filled with electrolyte solution. The impact of Weissenberg number (Wi), Debye parameter, voltage strength on the velocity, net charge density, and potential profiles is investigated. The simulation results indicate that a greater Wi leads to the decrease in the maximum velocity, and a large voltage strength can heighten the net charge density and potential, thus improve the peak velocity. Moreover, the classical theoretical prediction that the maximum velocity is proportional to the square of the applied voltage has been authenticated.
Emergence of high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing male urethritis in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2021
Authors: Müller Etienne E. , Gumede Lindy Y. E. , Maseko Dumisile V. , Mahlangu Mahlape P. , Venter Johanna M. E. , Da Costa Dias Bianca , Nhlapho Duduzile , Kularatne Ranmini S.
Published: November 2023

Background In South Africa, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is the predominant cause of male urethritis, is treated syndromically using dual ceftriaxone and azithromycin therapy. We determined antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from urethral discharge specimens, and genetically characterised those with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for first-line antimicrobials. Methods Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of N. gonorrhoeae isolates included E-test for ceftriaxone, cefixime and gentamicin and agar dilution for azithromycin and spectinomycin. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) was performed for isolates with elevated MICs to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multi-Antigen Sequence Typing (NG-MAST) was used to determine strain relatedness. Results N. gonorrhoeae was cultured from urethral discharge swab specimens obtained from 196 of 238 (82.4%) men presenting to a primary healthcare facility in Johannesburg in 2021. All viable isolates were susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Four isolates had high azithromycin MICs ranging from 32 mg/L to >256 mg/L and grouped into two novel NG-MAST and NG-STAR groups. Two isolates from Group 1 (NG-MAST ST20366, NG-STAR ST4322) contained mutated mtrR (G45D) and 23S rRNA (A2059G) alleles, while the two isolates from Group 2 (NG-MAST ST20367, NG-STAR ST4323) had different mutations in mtrR (A39T) and 23S rRNA (C2611T). Conclusions We report the first cases of high-level azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae from South Africa. Continued AMR surveillance is critical to detect increasing azithromycin resistance prevalence in N. gonorrhoeae, which may justify future modifications to the STI syndromic management guidelines.
Beyond spiking networks: The computational advantages of dendritic amplification and input segregation
Authors: Capone Cristiano , Lupo Cosimo , Muratore Paolo , Paolucci Pier Stanislao
Published: November 2023

The brain can efficiently learn a wide range of tasks, motivating the search for biologically inspired learning rules for improving current artificial intelligence technology. Most biological models are composed of point neurons and cannot achieve state-of-the-art performance in machine learning. Recent works have proposed that input segregation (neurons receive sensory information and higher-order feedback in segregated compartments), and nonlinear dendritic computation would support error backpropagation in biological neurons. However, these approaches require propagating errors with a fine spatiotemporal structure to all the neurons, which is unlikely to be feasible in a biological network. To relax this assumption, we suggest that bursts and dendritic input segregation provide a natural support for target-based learning, which propagates targets rather than errors. A coincidence mechanism between the basal and the apical compartments allows for generating high-frequency bursts of spikes. This architecture supports a burst-dependent learning rule, based on the comparison between the target bursting activity triggered by the teaching signal and the one caused by the recurrent connections, providing support for target-based learning. We show that this framework can be used to efficiently solve spatiotemporal tasks, such as context-dependent store and recall of three-dimensional trajectories, and navigation tasks. Finally, we suggest that this neuronal architecture naturally allows for orchestrating “hierarchical imitation learning”, enabling the decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks. We show a possible implementation of this in a two-level network, where the high network produces the contextual signal for the low network.