bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric thickness and the backarc-craton lithosphere step in southwestern Canada imaged by a 3-D magnetotelluric study
Authors: Hanneson Cedar , Unsworth Martyn J. , Currie Claire A.
Published: January 2025

A 3-D electrical resistivity model extending to a depth of 400 km in southwestern Canada and the northwestern United States was created by inverting long-period magnetotelluric (MT) data collected at 331 locations. Detailed analyses of this resistivity model, sensitivity tests including synthetic 3-D MT inversions, and comparisons with seismic velocity models were used to investigate the depth and geometry of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) and the transition in mantle structure from the Canadian Cordillera to the North American craton. Resistivity increases from west to east, indicating an eastward increase in LAB depth. The model also shows that the LAB dips northward in southern-to-central Alberta, with lithospheric thickness increasing from ~150 km (at 49–50N) to 250 km or more (at 53–54N). A conceptual model was created, including a backarc-craton lithosphere step (BCLS) located beneath the southern Omineca belt, somewhere between the western boundary of the Kootenay Arc (WKA) and the 87Sr/86Sr = 0.706 isopleth. This is 90–200 km west of the southern Rocky Mountain Trench, where earlier studies placed the western edge of the thick craton based on surface heat flow, seismic velocities, and mantle xenoliths. This difference in location could reflect limitations in the resolution of the various methods or complex present-day mantle dynamics at the subvertical lithosphere step.
The Research on Ideological and Political Construction Based on Intelligent Algorithm in College Students’ Mental Health Education
Authors: Wang Chenfei
Published: January 2025

The students with mental health problems often have no spirit to do anything, and serious students will also suffer from depression or split personality. Therefore, we must take corresponding measures to find students with problems in time. Artificial intelligence has a great impact on ideological and political courses, and how to make intelligent algorithms play an active role in the course will be an important topic worth our research. The model constructed in this paper is mainly divided into two parts, one is the online learning scenario based on intelligent algorithm, and the other is the mental health monitoring model of college students. The online learning scenario provides data support for subsequent analysis, which can recommend appropriate courses for users based on users’ needs. In the psychoanalysis model, the clustering algorithm is introduced to mine the students’ online learning behavior characteristics, and then the students’ mental health is analyzed. Finally, the results show that the indicators of online learning scenarios meet the actual needs, which can provide reliable data for subsequent studies. At the same time, the students’ online learning situation is significantly related to their mental health, we can monitor the students’ psychological state in real time through the learning situation, so as to correct the students with problems in time.
Research on Automatic Task Evaluation System of English-Assisted Teaching Based on Text Abstract Extraction
Authors: Ren Shiming
Published: January 2025

With the continuous improvement and maturity of keyword extraction technology, its application scope continues to expand and has now penetrated into multiple fields. This study innovatively introduces the concept of word similarity and optimizes the TF-IDF algorithm. By comprehensively considering word similarity and inverse frequency, this study has developed a novel TF-IDF optimization algorithm that significantly improves the accuracy and relevance of keyword extraction, thereby more accurately reflecting students’ learning status and needs. On this basis, this study further optimized the construction of the sentence matrix and proposed an improved initial point selection strategy to address the problem of traditional K-means algorithm being prone to local optima, thereby improving the global optimality and stability of clustering results. In the stage of text summarization extraction, this study fully considered the potential impact of Chinese writing habits and keywords on sentence importance, and customized and optimized the TextRank algorithm. With the help of machine learning technology, optimization algorithms can gain a deeper understanding of text structure and semantic associations, thereby more accurately identifying and extracting topic sentences that represent the main ideas of the article, and generating higher-quality text summaries.
HeterogeneousRTOS: A CPU-FPGA Real-Time OS for Fault Tolerance on COTS at Near-Zero Timing Cost
Authors: Ratti Francesco , Knödtel Johannes , Reichenbach Marc
Published: January 2025

Ionizing particles in the atmosphere may strike circuits causing
Single Event Upsets
(SEU), affecting the output correctness. Critical real-time systems are traditionally custom-designed, featuring redundancy for guaranteeing fault resilience. The downsides of such custom systems are typically weight, power, energy, space, and cost, compared to
Commercial Off-the-Shelf
(COTS) solutions. We explored the use of COTS in critical real-time environments by designing a CPU-FPGA heterogeneous system, which features an ARM CPU, running a modified version of FreeRTOS and an FPGA, on which the fault-detector and the scheduler are synthesized, in a redundant configuration for increasing fault resiliency. Moving the scheduler to the FPGA increases its fault resiliency while removing the periodic scheduler execution overhead from the CPU, making the scheduler overhead negligible and allowing for an elevated time resolution: the tasks can almost completely utilize the CPU time. Similarly, synthesizing the fault detector on the FPGA allows the execution of the fault detection in a fault-tolerant way without wasting CPU time. Transient fault resiliency in application tasks is achieved via fault detection and the subsequent fault recovery via re-execution. The fault detector implemented on FPGA uses a machine learning technique to model the behavior of tasks (offline and possibly online) and analyses it during their execution. Regarding fault recovery, the scheduler on the FPGA features a novel mixed-criticality scheduling algorithm that manages re-executions, ensuring the meeting of tasks’ timing constraints. The fault detection showed noticeable results while providing a lower overhead than general-purpose software techniques for improving fault resiliency. To the best of our knowledge, the integrated CPU-FPGA version of the system, featuring fault-tolerance and real-time scheduling, is a novel contribution that may enable the use of low-cost and fast COTS components in critical real-time environments. The source code for both hardware and software was released as open source.
Uncovering Community Smells in Machine Learning-Enabled Systems: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Annunziata Giusy , Lambiase Stefano , Tamburri Damian A. , van den Heuvel Willem-Jan , Palomba Fabio , Catolino Gemma , Ferrucci Filomena , De Lucia Andrea
Published: January 2025

Successful software development hinges on effective communication and collaboration, which are significantly influenced by human and social dynamics. Poor management of these elements can lead to the emergence of ‘community smells’, i.e., negative patterns in socio-technical interactions that gradually accumulate as ‘social debt’. This issue is particularly pertinent in machine learning-enabled systems, where diverse actors such as data engineers and software engineers interact at various levels. The unique collaboration context of these systems presents an ideal setting to investigate community smells and their impact on development communities. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by identifying the types, causes, effects, and potential mitigation strategies of community smells in machine learning-enabled systems. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we developed hypotheses based on existing literature and interviews, and conducted a questionnaire-based study to collect data. Our analysis resulted in the construction and validation of five models that represent the causes, effects, and strategies for five specific community smells. These models can help practitioners identify and address community smells within their organizations, while also providing valuable insights for future research on the socio-technical aspects of machine learning-enabled system communities.
New Framework of Robust Image Encryption
Authors: Huang Lin , Qin Chuan , Feng Guorui , Luo Xiangyang , Zhang Xinpeng
Published: January 2025

Designing an end-to-end encryption method for images using the nonlinear properties of deep neural networks (DNNs) has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new framework for DNN-based image encryption that embeds a plaintext image as a secret message into a random noise to obtain a ciphertext image. Based on this, we propose an end-to-end robust image encryption method based on the invertible neural network (INN), which can realize secure encryption and resistance to common image processing attacks. Specifically, the INN is exploited as the shared-parameter encoder and decoder to achieve end-to-end encryption and decryption. The ciphertext image can be obtained through the forward process of the INN by inputting the plaintext image and the key, while the decrypted image can be obtained through the backward process of the INN by inputting the ciphertext image and the key. To enhance the security of our method, we design an information reinforcement module to guarantee the encryption effect and the sensitivity of the key. In addition, to improve the robustness of our method, an attack layer is employed for noise simulation training. Experimental results show that our method not only can realize secure encryption but also can achieve the robustness such as resisting JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, scaling, mean filtering, and Gaussian blurring effectively.
Psychology of Planning
Authors: Gollwitzer Peter M. , Sheeran Paschal
Published: January 2025

Planning has been studied in different fields of psychology, including cognitive, developmental, personality, social, and work and organizational research. This article looks at the planning process through the lens of motivation science, and asks the question, What kind of planning can help people reach their goals? We focus on the strategy of making if-then plans (also known as forming implementation intentions). We discuss what kinds of cognitive performance can be enhanced by if-then planning (e.g., attention control, prospective memory, executive functions, and decision making), and whether if-then planning may also benefit people's emotion control, their desired behavior change, and their pending social interactions. We point to the positive impacts of making if-then plans on thinking, feeling, and acting, and we list moderators pertaining to sample characteristics and features of the underlying goals and of the if-then plans themselves. Finally, the underlying processes of if-then planning effects are delineated in the hope of better understanding what kind of if-then planning might work best in promoting flexible but tenacious goal pursuit.
Proteomic profiling reveals alterations in metabolic and cellular pathways in severe obesity and following metabolic bariatric surgery
Authors: Dadson Prince , Honka Miikka-Juhani , Suomi Tomi , Haridas P. A. Nidhina , Rokka Anne , Palani Senthil , Goltseva Elena , Wang Ning , Roivainen Anne , Salminen Paulina , James Peter , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Elo Laura L. , Nuutila Pirjo
Published: January 2025

Our study investigates the effects of metabolic bariatric surgery on adipose tissue proteins, highlighting the mechanisms driving weight loss postsurgery. Through extensive proteomic analysis of adipose biopsies from patients with severe obesity pre- and postsurgery, alongside healthy subjects without obesity, we identified significant alterations in metabolic pathways. These findings provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for obesity-related complications.
Cannabis vaping elicits transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in inflammatory, oxidative stress and cancer pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Arlen Maddison T. , Patterson Stephanie J. , Page Michelle K. , Liu Rui , Caruana Vincenza , Wilson Emily T. , Laporte Stéphane A. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Harris Cory S. , Eidelman David H. , Baglole Carolyn J.
Published: January 2025

The increasing shift from cannabis smoking to cannabis vaping is largely driven by the perception that vaping to form an aerosol represents a safer alternative to smoking and is a form of consumption appealing to youth. Herein, we compared the chemical composition and receptor-mediated activity of cannabis smoke extract (CaSE) to cannabis vaping extract (CaVE) along with the biological response in human bronchial epithelial cells. Chemical analysis using HPLC and GC/MS revealed that cannabis vaping aerosol contained fewer toxicants than smoke; CaSE and CaVE contained teratogens, carcinogens, and respiratory toxicants. A bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor detected the receptor-mediated activity of the extracts, primarily driven by Δ9-THC concentration. RNA- sequencing showed both CaSE and CaVE induced similar transcriptional responses, significantly upregulating genes within pathways related to inflammation, cancer, and cellular stress. This was paralleled by downregulation of pathways related to lipid synthesis and metabolism similarly from both CaSE and CaVE. Targeted metabolomics revealed significant changes in metabolites involved in lipid and membrane metabolism, energy production, nucleotide/DNA/RNA pathways, and oxidative stress response, suggesting potential impairment of lung epithelial cell repair and function. Additionally, the upregulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) indicates epigenetic changes potentially contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, and an increased risk of cancer. These findings challenge the notion that cannabis vaping is risk-free, highlighting an urgent need for comprehensive research into its respiratory health effects. This comparison of cannabis consumption methods offers insights that could inform public health policies and raise consumer awareness regarding the potential risks of inhaling cannabis aerosol.
Assays to Enhance Metabolic Phenotyping in the Kidney
Authors: Hammoud Safaa , Kern Justin , Mukherjee Sandip , Lutkewitte Andrew , Singh Prabhleen , Newberry Kate , Finck Brian N. , Gewin Leslie S.
Published: January 2025

The kidney is highly metabolically active, and injury induces changes in metabolism that can impact repair and fibrosis progression. Changes in expression of metabolism-related genes and proteins provide valuable data, but functional metabolic assays are critical to confirm changes in metabolic activity. Stable isotope metabolomics are the gold standard, but these involve considerable cost and specialized expertise. Both the Seahorse bioflux assays and substrate oxidation assays in tissues ex vivo are two relatively cost-effective assays for interrogating metabolism. Many institutions have access to Seahorse bioflux analyzers, which can easily and quickly generate data, but guidelines to enhance reproducibility are lacking. We investigate how variables (e.g. primary versus immortalized cells, time in culture) impact the data generated by Seahorse bioflux analyzers. In addition, we show the utility of 3H-palmitate, a new approach for assessing fatty acid oxidation in the kidney, in uninjured and injured kidney cortices. The 3H-palmitate substrate oxidation assays also demonstrate significant sex-dependent and strain-dependent differences in rates of fatty acid oxidation. These data should facilitate metabolic interrogation in the kidney field with enhanced reproducibility.
Acute selective serotonin-reuptake inhibition elevates basal ventilation and attenuates the rebreathing ventilatory response, independent of cerebral perfusion
Authors: Carr Jay M. J. R. , Koep Jodie , Brewster L. Madden , Getu Ayechew , Dizon Jonah C. , Isaak Declan , Steele Andrew , Howe Connor A. , Ainslie Philip N.
Published: January 2025

Acute inhibition of serotonin reuptake with citalopram diminishes the ventilatory response to hyperoxic hypercapnic rebreathing, possibly indicating decreased sensitivity of the central chemoreceptors and respiratory control centers. Additionally, ventilation during minimal chemoreceptor activation—i.e., following hypocapnia during hyperoxia—is elevated, perhaps signifying an increased tonic activity of the respiratory control areas. These changes appear to be independent of brainstem blood flow. These findings may have implications for antidepressant drug use.
Ramping dynamics in the frontal cortex unfold over multiple timescales during motor planning
Authors: Affan Rifqi O. , Bright Ian M. , Pemberton Luke N. , Cruzado Nathanael A. , Scott Benjamin B. , Howard Marc W.
Published: January 2025

Neuronal responses in the cortex are diverse, but the nature and functional consequences of this diversity remain ambiguous. We identified a specific pattern of temporal heterogeneity in the mouse frontal motor cortex, whereby the firing of different neurons ramps up at varying speeds before the execution of a movement. Our decoding analyses reveal that this heterogeneity in ramping dynamics enables precise and reliable encoding of movement plans and time across various timescales.
Exploring the Potentials of Sajana (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as a Plant‐Based Feed Ingredient to Sustainable and Good Aquaculture Practices: An Analysis of Growth Performance and Health Benefits
Authors: Hridoy Md. Abdullah Al Mamun , Munny Fatema Jannat , Shahriar Fardin , Rahman Md. Moshiur , Islam Md. Fakhrul , Kazmi Abeer , Kawsar Md. Abu
Published: January 2025

As aquaculture increasingly seeks sustainable alternatives to traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil, Moringa oleifera, an eco‐friendly and widely available plant, has emerged as a promising plant‐based feed ingredient. This review synthesizes research from 1988 to 2024, sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal potentials of M. oleifera in aquaculture feeds. Rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (A, C, and E), minerals (calcium, iron, and potassium), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, M. oleifera offers significant benefits. Its leaves, flowers, and rhizomes utilized as crude extracts or bioactive compounds promote growth, enhance immunity, and provide antimicrobial defense against parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Studies demonstrate its effectiveness in improving growth, nutrition, and hematology in aquaculture species while lowering production costs. Furthermore, its antioxidant properties attributed to phenolic and bioactive compounds, bolster fish health, and resilience. This review underscores the potential of M. oleifera to advance sustainable aquaculture practices through its dual nutritional and medicinal benefits.
Numerical Simulation of Entrained Bubbles Flow in the Shell‐Tube Heat Exchanger of MSRs Based on Population Balance Model
Authors: Wang Ziye , Zhu Guifeng , Zou Yang , Liang Xiaolin , Chen Liang , Xu Hongjie
Published: January 2025

In molten salt reactors (MSRs), a small amount of inert gas could be entrained from the free liquid surface to the primary loop, which may have obvious impacts on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, the reactivity of the core, and the migration of insoluble fission products. It is necessary to understand how the bubbles flow into the reactor core, and what kinds of size distribution should they be. Meanwhile, the heat exchanger is an important and complicated place before the gas enters the core, in which the bubbles may exhibit complex behavior, such as coalescence, breakup, or retention. This research employs a coupling method between the Eulerian two‐phase flow model (ETFM) and the population balance model (PBM) to simulate the two‐phase flow of bubbles entrained in molten salt on the shell side of a vertical U‐tube heat exchanger. The gas fraction and poly‐dispersed bubble size distribution are analyzed under different calculation methods and input conditions. The results show that the distribution of gas volume fraction and bubble size are significantly influenced by the characteristics of the flow field, and the salt flow can also be affected by the bubble distribution. The bubbles exhibit obvious non‐uniformity distribution, especially in the center of the separation and the backflow vortexes, and a significant accumulation of gas attachment occurs behind the baffles. The interfacial area concentration and surface heat transfer coefficient are also discussed with or without the bubble distribution. All indicate that a precise bubble spatial and size distribution is necessary when in the simulation of multiphase flow in MSRs.
Supplementary Table S3 from A First-in-Human Study of Cinrebafusp Alfa, a HER2/4-1BB Bispecific Molecule, in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Piha-Paul Sarina , Olwill Shane A. , Hamilton Erika , Tolcher Anthony , Pohlmann Paula , Liu Stephen V. , Wurzenberger Cornelia , Hasenkamp Laura-Carolin , Hansbauer Eva-Maria , Shroff Rachna , Hurvitz Sara , Krishnamurthy Anuradha , Patnaik Amita , Hahn Noah , Kumar Raman , Duerr Manuela , Zettl Markus , Aviano Kayti , Matis Louis , Bruns Ingmar , Ku Geoffrey
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S3. Measurement of IFNG in peripheral blood during cycle 1 with cinrebafusp alfa.
Supplementary Table S1 from A First-in-Human Study of Cinrebafusp Alfa, a HER2/4-1BB Bispecific Molecule, in Patients with HER2-Positive Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Piha-Paul Sarina , Olwill Shane A. , Hamilton Erika , Tolcher Anthony , Pohlmann Paula , Liu Stephen V. , Wurzenberger Cornelia , Hasenkamp Laura-Carolin , Hansbauer Eva-Maria , Shroff Rachna , Hurvitz Sara , Krishnamurthy Anuradha , Patnaik Amita , Hahn Noah , Kumar Raman , Duerr Manuela , Zettl Markus , Aviano Kayti , Matis Louis , Bruns Ingmar , Ku Geoffrey
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S1. Disposition of patient enrolled on study.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Phase II Trial of Induction Chemotherapy for Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Ferrarotto Renata , Gunn Brandon , Su Shirley Y. , Kies Merrill S. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Garden Adam S. , Roberts Dianna , Habna Curtis , Hoff Camilla O. , El-Naggar Adel , Williams Michelle D. , Raza Shaan M. , DeMonte Franco , Chen Melissa M. , Chambers Mark S. , Hanna Ehab Y.
Published: January 2025

Trial Schema
Supplementary Table S3 from Phase Ib Clinical and Pharmacodynamic Study of the TIE2 Kinase Inhibitor Rebastinib with Paclitaxel or Eribulin in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Flynn Daniel L. , Leary Cynthia , Oh Sun , Xue Xiaonan , Oktay Maja H. , Condeelis John S. , Sparano Joseph A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S3 shows Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) occurring in >10% of patients in the entire study (safety analysis set) by CTCAE grade (n = 27).
Supplementary Figure S1 from A Tumor-Naïve ctDNA Assay Detects Minimal Residual Disease in Resected Stage II or III Colorectal Cancer and Predicts Recurrence: Subset Analysis from the GALAXY Study in CIRCULATE-Japan
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Kaneva Kristiyana , Lo Christine , Neems Daniel , Freaney Jonathan E. , Boulos Hala , Hyun Seung Won , Islam Farahnaz , Yamada-Hanff Jason , Driessen Terri M. , Sonnenschein Anne , DeSantis Dana F. , Kotani Daisuke , Watanabe Jun , Kotaka Masahito , Mishima Saori , Bando Hideaki , Yamazaki Kentaro , Taniguchi Hiroya , Takemasa Ichiro , Kato Takeshi , Sangli Chithra , Tell Robert , Blidner Richard , Yoshino Takayuki , Sasser Kate , Oki Eiji , Nimeiri Halla
Published: January 2025

Figure S1. Clinical specificity and sensitivity by cancer stage at LMT and longitudinal time points
Supplementary Figure S7 from Phase Ib Clinical and Pharmacodynamic Study of the TIE2 Kinase Inhibitor Rebastinib with Paclitaxel or Eribulin in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Flynn Daniel L. , Leary Cynthia , Oh Sun , Xue Xiaonan , Oktay Maja H. , Condeelis John S. , Sparano Joseph A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S7 shows the effect of chemotherapy or rebastinib on angiopoietin-2. A, Trends in angiopietin-2 levels with rebastinib and rebastinib plus chemotherapy; B, trends in angiopoietin-2 levels with chemotherapy and rebastinib plus chemotherapy. Each line represent data from one patient over time. Abbreviations: C, Cycle; D, Day.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Phase Ib Clinical and Pharmacodynamic Study of the TIE2 Kinase Inhibitor Rebastinib with Paclitaxel or Eribulin in HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Flynn Daniel L. , Leary Cynthia , Oh Sun , Xue Xiaonan , Oktay Maja H. , Condeelis John S. , Sparano Joseph A.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure S2 shows treatment schema for study cohorts.
Figure S1 from Divergent Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes Based on STK11 Co-mutation Status in Resectable KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancers Following Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Rosner Samuel , Connor Sydney , Sanber Khaled , Zahurak Marianna , Zhang Tianbei , Gurumurthy Isha , Zeng Zhen , Presson Brad , Singh Dipika , Rayes Roni , Sivapalan Lavanya , Pereira Gavin , Ji Zhicheng , Thummalapalli Rohit , Reuss Joshua E. , Broderick Stephen R. , Jones David R. , Deutsch Julie S. , Cottrell Tricia R. , Chaft Jamie E. , Spicer Jonathan , Taube Janis , Anagnostou Valsamo , Brahmer Julie R. , Pardoll Drew M. , Ji Hongkai , Forde Patrick M. , Marrone Kristen A. , Smith Kellie N.
Published: January 2025

Figure S1
Genomic Profiling of Cardiac Angiosarcoma Reveals Novel Targetable KDR Variants, Recurrent MED12 Mutations, and a High Burden of Germline POT1 Alterations
Authors: Odintsov Igor , Papke David J. , George Suzanne , Padera Robert F. , Hornick Jason L. , Siegmund Stephanie E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Both sporadic and familial cases occur, with recent links to germline POT1 mutations. The genomic landscape of this disease is poorly understood.

Experimental Design:

We conducted comprehensive genomic profiling of cardiac angiosarcoma to assess the burden of germline predisposition and identify other recurrent genomic alterations of clinical significance.

Results:

Six patients were female, and four were male. The median age at presentation was 40 years (range, 21–69 years). All cases with available follow-up exhibited an aggressive clinical course (6/8 patients died of disease). KDR alterations, including novel structural variants, were found in 9/11 cases at a rate significantly higher than that in noncardiac angiosarcomas. POT1 mutations were present in 45.5% of cardiac angiosarcoma cases. In three of five POT1-mutant cases, the germline status was confirmed through testing of normal tissue, and in one additional case, the germline status was inferred with high probability through allele frequency analysis. Additionally, we identified novel recurrent MED12 exon 2 mutations in POT1 wild-type cardiac angiosarcoma, suggesting an alternative path to cardiac angiosarcoma oncogenesis.

Conclusions:

Cardiac angiosarcoma demonstrates a unique genetic profile, distinct from noncardiac angiosarcoma. This study highlights the role of germline POT1 burden on cardiac angiosarcoma development and demonstrates recurrent MED12 alterations for the first time. The reported KDR variants provide a potential avenue for the treatment of this aggressive disease. Given the prevalence of germline POT1 mutations reported in this study, germline genetic testing should be considered in patients diagnosed with cardiac angiosarcoma.
Development, Review, and Activation of Thoracic Oncology Investigator-Initiated Trials
Authors: Gerber David E. , Wynters Claire R. , Prasad Tanushree , Schnel Ronny K. , Zhang Song , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Villaruz Liza C. , Bauml Joshua M. , Iams Wade T. , Patil Tejas , Liu Stephen V. , Horn Leora , Hudak John M. , Camidge D. Ross
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Investigator-initiated trials (IIT) may address important biological and clinical questions that may not be prioritized by pharmaceutical sponsors. However, little is known about the process by which IIT proposals are evaluated and activated.

Experimental Design:

We performed a retrospective study of IIT concepts submitted through the Academic Thoracic Oncology Medical Investigators Consortium, which comprises 13 institutions in the United States and Canada, from consortium inception in 2014 to 2024. We compared approved and disapproved concepts using χ2 tests, Fisher exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results:

Among 68 presented IIT concepts, 60 (88%) received consortium approval a median of 30 days (IQR, 31–59 days) after submission. Concepts submitted by junior faculty were more likely to be approved than those from full professors (P = 0.003). Of the 60 concepts subsequently submitted to pharmaceutical sponsors, 15 (25%) were approved, 43 (72%) were disapproved, and 2 (3%) remain under review. The median time between concept submission to a sponsor and the sponsor’s decision was 61 days (IQR, 31–183 days). Concepts with shorter projected durations were more likely to be approved by the pharmaceutical sponsor (P = 0.05). For sponsor-approved IIT concepts, the median overall time from initial submission to trial activation was 18 months.

Conclusions:

Only a small proportion of proposed investigator-initiated cancer clinical trials are successfully activated following a prolonged development process. Given the importance of IITs in addressing real-world, practical questions and the growing professional challenges facing clinical research physician faculty, further attention to IIT development facilitators and barriers is warranted.
Investigating the Impact of Screen-Sharing Visual Aids during Genomic Results Disclosure via Telehealth in Diverse Families in the TeleKidSeq Pilot Study
Authors: Odgis Jacqueline A. , Kelly Nicole R. , Sebastin Monisha , Golfinopoulos Laura , Insel Beverly J. , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Bonini Katherine E. , Marathe Priya N. , Di Biase Miranda , Brown Kaitlyn , Gallagher Katie M. , Ramos Michelle A. , Rodriguez Jessica E. , Yelton Nicole , López Aguiñiga Karla , Rodriguez Michelle A. , María Estefany , Lopez Jessenia , Zinberg Randi E. , Diaz George A. , Greally John M. , Abul-Husn Noura S. , Bauman Laurie J. , Gelb Bruce D. , Horowitz Carol R. , Kenny Eimear E. , Wasserstein Melissa P.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Telehealth genetic counseling is comparable to in-person visits in terms of satisfaction, knowledge, and psychological outcomes, but using visual aids can be challenging on telehealth platforms. This pilot study assessed if the “screen-sharing” feature via Zoom to display visual aids during results disclosure sessions positively impacted parental experience and comprehension of their child’s genomic results, especially in underrepresented groups and those with limited English proficiency. Methods: In the TeleKidSeq pilot study, 409 children with suspected genetic conditions underwent genome sequencing. Families were randomized to receive genomic results via televisits with (ScrS) or without (NScrS) screen-sharing of visual aids. Spanish- or English-speaking parents/legal guardians completed surveys at three time points to assess perceived and objective understanding, perceived confidence, and telehealth experience. Regression models evaluated the effect of screen-sharing over time. Results: Overall, understanding and telehealth experience ratings were high, with no significant differences between the ScrS (N = 192) and NScrS (N = 200) arms with regard to perceived (p = 0.32) or objective (p = 0.94) understanding, confidence (p = 0.14) over time, or telehealth experience (p = 0.10). When stratifying by sociodemographic characteristics and type of device used during results disclosure, we observed subtle differences in the effect of screen-sharing within some subgroups. Conclusion: While screen-sharing had no significant impact on overall outcomes, we identified modest effects of screen-sharing within population groups that highlight the need for tailored communication strategies to ensure diverse, multilingual communities derive equitable benefit from telehealth-based genomic results disclosure. Future research is needed to determine whether certain types of visual aids best enhance genomic results disclosure in larger, more robust studies designed to detect smaller effects and subgroup differences.
Nodular Scleritis as Isolated Symptom of IgG4-Related Disease, Mimicking as Conjunctival Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Delaissé Noémie , Blockmans Daniel , Van Ginderdeuren Rita , Missotten Guy
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic, immune-mediated disorder marked by the infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and fibrosis in affected organs. This report presents a rare case of a patient with isolated nodular scleritis as an IgG4-RD (in a more precise way antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis [AAV] and IgG4-RD overlap syndrome). Case Presentation: A 51-year-old woman was referred with the presumed diagnosis of conjunctival lymphoma due to a painful, salmon-colored lesion in the superior conjunctiva of the right eye. A biopsy of the conjunctiva showed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with multiple IgG4-positive cells (>200 cells/high power field), elevated IgG4/IgG ratio of 66% and fibrotic tissue without obvious vasculitis, confirming the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). ANCAs directly against myeloperoxidase were also positive, suggesting AAV. Given that the clinical signs align with both disease entities, it was concluded that the case fits in its restricted sense the newly described overlap syndrome. The scleritis was successfully treated with a tapering dose of corticosteroids and rituximab. Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare presentation of scleritis as an IgG4-RD (in a more precise way AAV and IgG4-RD overlap syndrome) and demonstrates that rituximab and low dose of corticosteroids can lead to remission.
Descortesia em debates políticos televisivos de 1989 e de 2014: Uma análise pragmática
Authors: Batista Ronaldo de Oliveira , Andrade Mariana dos Santos
Published: January 2025

Este artigo propõe uma comparação das manifestações descorteses nos debates presidenciais televisivos de 1989 e de 2014, que visavam à eleição do presidente do Brasil em primeiro turno. No exame do material, buscou-se e analisar estratégias comunicativas provenientes do uso de atos descorteses em dois debates eleitorais realizados em circunscrições temporais distintas, a fim de identificar possíveis mudanças no uso da língua em relação à descortesia. Para tanto, foram adotados como base teórica principal os pressupostos sobre o fenômeno da descortesia compreendida como uma atividade social, de acordo com Bravo (1999, 2003), Blas Arroyo (2001, 2010) e Silva (2013), valendo-se de uma análise documental, na qual trechos de vídeos televisivos dos debates constituem o corpus. Por fim, deve-se levar em consideração que se tem no gênero debate político uma interação conflituosa, na qual o objetivo costuma ser manchar a imagem dos adversários ao passo que se enalteça a própria, o que pode transformar a descortesia em regra.
Desenvolvimento dos sons vocálicos do inglês como L2 por brasileiros em contexto de imersão
Authors: Silva Anderson Romário Souza , Lima Junior Ronaldo Mangueira , Oliveira Lucas Heitor Ananias , Simões Dominyk Santos Dias
Published: January 2025

This study is based on the theory of language as a Dynamic and Complex System, discussing language attrition in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and the reorganization of the vowel system in English as a second language. We analyzed the effect of the second language (L2) immersion context on the development of the vowel system in BP and English through a longitudinal study with data from four collection points before, during, and after over approximately nine months of the stay of 10 Brazilian students in the United States. F1 and F2 values and vowel duration were collected in both languages to descriptively analyze the vowel system of the speakers. We question: what is the effect of L2 immersion on the vowel system of Brazilian speakers? As a hypothesis, we believe that greater immersion in the L2 will result in greater development of the English vowel system, which may influence BP vowels and cause reorganization of the L1 system. The results indicate that there was a reorganization of the L2-English vowels, but there were no significant changes in the BP vowels.
How Do UK Political Elites Reconcile With a Low Trust Environment?
Authors: Butler Chris , Jennings Will , Stoker Gerry
Published: January 2025

Evidence indicates that citizens widely regard politicians as untrustworthy. But do low levels of trust affect politicians’ behaviour? In this article, we draw on interviews conducted with UK political elites to understand: (a) whether they recognise a lack of public trust; (b) what they perceive as its causes and present as solutions; (c) how it affects the decision-making process; and (d) whether they feel it undermines their sense of legitimacy. While we find that UK political elites do acknowledge low levels of trust, they reveal that this has only modest effects on their activities, and the legitimacy to take major decisions is undented. Low trust offers political opportunities as well as threats. Low trust places few constraints on politicians’ ability to wield power. As a result, leading politicians may lack the motivation to take meaningful action to arrest low levels of citizens’ trust.
Biology’s Dark Matter: From Galaxies to Microbes
Authors: Vanderstraeten Simon , Searle Adam
Published: January 2025

Emergent research in metagenomics has unveiled large quantities of previously unknown and unclassified prokaryotic DNA. As these prokaryotes constitute the vast majority of microbial life in environmental samples, some microbiologists and commentators in scientific media have referred to this expansive unknown as ‘biological dark matter’, translating the rhetorical power of dark matter from the physical to the life sciences. Engaging literatues and approaches from across the philosophy, history, and social studies of science, we explore the cultural significance of the dark matter theory in the physical sciences and examine the implications of its conceptual reworking in biology, through critically engaging the political narratives folded within dark matter’s genealogies. ‘Dark matter’ designates both zones of importance and zones of turbulence, simultaneously emphasizing microbiologists’ creativity whilst constructing new ways of relating to microbiota. Such a situation, we propose, also invites theoretical analysis as it calls for a conceptual reconsideration of the gene and its fundamental role within the life sciences.
Sibling leadership
Authors: Parker Val
Published: January 2025

In our world today, with rare exceptions, we have become accustomed to a form of leadership in which we promote our leaders into isolated parental positions, relying on them to make decisions for us and clear up the mess when things go wrong. But expecting our leaders to behave as though they are above us will inevitably set up power dynamics which can stifle collaboration and diminish our creativity and independence.

In this paper I argue that if our leaders are encouraged to work alongside their teams as nominated and responsible siblings rather than overbearing parents, they will be better equipped to foster cooperative and respectful teamwork and deal more effectively and creatively with rivalry and competition.
Comparative Efficacy of AI LLMs in Clinical Social Work: ChatGPT-4, Gemini, Copilot
Authors: Taşkıran Tepe Hacer , Aslantürk Hüsnünur
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the comparative efficacy of three AI large language models (LLMs)—ChatGPT-4, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot—in clinical social work.

Method

By presenting scenarios of varying complexities, the study assessed their performance using the Ateşman Readability Index and a Likert-type accuracy scale.

Results

Results showed that Gemini had the highest accuracy, while Microsoft Copilot excelled in readability. Significant differences were found in accuracy scores ( p = .003), although readability differences were not statistically significant ( p = .054). No correlation was found between case complexity and either accuracy or readability.

Discussion

Despite the differences, none of the models fully met all accuracy standards, indicating areas for further improvement. The findings suggest that while LLMs offer promise in social work, they require refinement to better meet the field's needs.
Neighbour noise in multi-storey housing: Public experiences, attitudes and the need for acoustic labelling to ensure consumer protection
Authors: Şentop Dümen Ayça , Rasmussen Birgit
Published: January 2025

Neighbour noise affects health, emotions, behaviours, privacy and social relations. This paper aims to present residents’ perspective on neighbour noise and initiate a discussion on consumer rights and protection based on the results of a social media analysis. In 2021, two newspaper articles about acoustic labelling and neighbour noise were published, receiving over 700 comments in social media. A thematic analysis revealed the experiences in multi-storey housing, and attitudes toward noise sources, responsibilities and solutions. Considering the heterogeneity of apartment users and needs, the economic burden of real estate transactions, and the difficulty of redressing issues, we argue that performance disclosure, for example, through acoustic labelling, is an urgent necessity for providing informed choices to house-buyers and tenants. The results further indicate the need to address the vulnerabilities of certain groups, not only from noise exposure but also from being overheard.
What next for tests of the situational model of Situational Action Theory? Recommendations from a systematic review
Authors: Hardie Beth , Rose Chae
Published: January 2025

Situational Action Theory's (SAT) situational model is being increasingly applied to study rule-breaking behaviours. Given this rapidly growing interest, it is timely to review the state of empirical support for the model and identify conceptual and methodological challenges in order to guide future studies in more appropriate tests of the model. This paper systematically reviews 37 quantitative tests of SAT's situational model that were published during the 5 years from 2016 to 2020 to formulate and then answer the following research questions: (1) What samples and offences have been studied to investigate the situational propositions put forward by SAT, and what are the most needed kinds of studies and replications? (2) What is the state of empirical support for SAT's situational model? (3) What are the challenges and what improvements are required for future tests of SAT's situational model? and (4) What clarifications and refinements are a theoretical priority? Overall findings of the review highlight the utility of SAT's situational model in investigating a diversity of rule-breaking behaviours across a range of ages and countries. However, the review also makes clear that when reviewed as a whole, this literature encounters methodological pitfalls and theoretical imprecision. These limitations must be addressed as empirical tests of SAT's complex situational model become increasingly nuanced and highly specified. Thus, building on the findings of the systematic review, the paper explores these complex limitations and specifies the theoretical and methodological refinements required to advance the study of person-environment interaction in acts of rule-breaking.
Sexual Violence and Shame: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hassanpour Padideh , Buchwald Sara , Mehta Anuj H. P. , Goldberg Simon B. , Walsh Kate
Published: January 2025

Although sexual violence (SV) has been hypothesized to increase shame, the relationship between SV and shame has not been quantified. Addressing this gap is essential for developing targeted interventions for survivors, as shame is a transdiagnostic risk factor for numerous forms of psychopathology and a barrier to service-seeking. This meta-analysis first examines whether individuals exposed to SV demonstrate higher shame than individuals who reported no SV exposure. Second, we assessed the strength of the associations between SV severity and shame severity. Seven databases were searched for studies published from inception to June 2023. Original studies that assessed SV and shame in at least 10 participants were eligible for inclusion. Random effects models examined shame differences between SV survivors and non-SV–exposed individuals and quantified the association between SV severity and shame severity. Meta-analyses of 53 studies (97 effects, N = 15,110) indicated that individuals exposed versus those not exposed to SV experience higher shame ( g = 0.55), with medium effects found across SV timing (childhood/adolescence or adulthood) and shame subtypes (trait, body, trauma-related). SV severity was moderately associated with shame ( r = .20), with strong correlations found between child/adolescent SV severity and trauma-related shame, and small effects found between adolescent/adult SV severity and trauma-related and body shame. Risk of bias ratings, whether contact SV was experienced, sample type, and gender moderated some models. Our findings suggest that shame is a clinically significant correlate of SV. Interventions that address shame may contribute to more positive outcomes for survivors.
qEEG Neuromarkers of Complex Childhood Trauma in Adolescents
Authors: Marcu Gabriela Mariana , Szekely-Copîndean Raluca D. , Dumbravă Andrei , Rogel Ainat , Zăgrean Ana-Maria
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Complex childhood trauma (CCT) involves prolonged exposure to severe interpersonal stressors, leading to deficits in executive functioning and self-regulation during adolescence, a critical period for neurodevelopment. While qEEG parameters, particularly alpha oscillations, have been proposed as potential biomarkers for trauma, empirical documentation in developmental samples is limited. Aim. This preregistered study investigated whether adolescents with CCT exhibit qEEG patterns similar to those reported for PTSD, such as reduced posterior alpha power, increased individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF), right-lateralized alpha frequencies, and lower total EEG power (RMS) compared to controls. Materials and Methods. EEG data from 26 trauma-exposed adolescents and 28 controls, sourced from an open database, underwent similar preprocessing. qEEG features, including alpha power, iAPF, alpha asymmetry, and RMS, were extracted from eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions and analyzed using mixed ANOVAs. Results. Significant group differences were found in total EEG power, with trauma-exposed adolescents showing lower RMS than controls. No significant differences were found in posterior absolute alpha power, iAPF, or alpha asymmetry. However, we observed that posterior relative alpha power was higher in the trauma group, though the difference was not statistically significant but showing a small to medium effect size. Additionally, a negative correlation between CPTSD severity and EEG power in the EO condition was observed, suggesting trauma-related cortical hypoactivation. Conclusion. Reduced total EEG power and modified alpha dynamics may serve as candidate neuromarkers of CCT. These findings underscore the need for further research to validate qEEG biomarkers for understanding and diagnosing trauma-related disorders in developmental populations.