bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continental European Soldiers in British Imperial Service, c.1756–1792
Authors: Conway Stephen
Published: January 2014

Continental Europeans were not just enemies and competitors of the eighteenth-century British Empire; they were also allies, auxiliaries, and coadjutors in British imperial activity. This paper examines the role of European and particularly German soldiers in the British Empire in the second half of the eighteenth century. In chronological terms, the focus is on the Seven Years War and especially on the War of American Independence. Geographically, the paper concentrates on three British imperial sites: India, North America, and the Mediterranean garrisons of Gibraltar and Minorca. Historians have already looked at aspects of European military service in the British Empire; but the various foreign military units, and the different imperial theatres, are not usually examined together, as parts of the process of the British state’s use of other Europeans to defend and even expand its imperial possessions. One of the main objectives here is to assess the significance of that European contribution.

The paper begins by considering why the British state chose European soldiers in preference to other available options, particularly locally raised forces in India and North America, and even British and Irish manpower. The second section attempts to quantify the continental European contribution, both in absolute terms and as compared with British and imperial inputs. The final section endeavours to assess the quality of European military involvement. Some Britons regarded foreign soldiers as inherently unreliable and therefore less valuable than their own troops; however, there is plenty of evidence of positive assessments of the military role of continental Europeans.
Rational optimization of tolC as a powerful dual selectable marker for genome engineering
Authors: Gregg Christopher J. , Lajoie Marc J. , Napolitano Michael G. , Mosberg Joshua A. , Goodman Daniel B. , Aach John , Isaacs Farren J. , Church George M.
Published: January 2014

Selection has been invaluable for genetic manipulation, although counter-selection has historically exhibited limited robustness and convenience. TolC, an outer membrane pore involved in transmembrane transport in E. coli, has been implemented as a selectable/counter-selectable marker, but counter-selection escape frequency using colicin E1 precludes using tolC for inefficient genetic manipulations and/or with large libraries. Here, we leveraged unbiased deep sequencing of 96 independent lineages exhibiting counter-selection escape to identify loss-of-function mutations, which offered mechanistic insight and guided strain engineering to reduce counter-selection escape frequency by ∼40-fold. We fundamentally improved the tolC counter-selection by supplementing a second agent, vancomycin, which reduces counter-selection escape by 425-fold, compared colicin E1 alone. Combining these improvements in a mismatch repair proficient strain reduced counter-selection escape frequency by 1.3E6-fold in total, making tolC counter-selection as effective as most selectable markers, and adding a valuable tool to the genome editing toolbox. These improvements permitted us to perform stable and continuous rounds of selection/counter-selection using tolC, enabling replacement of 10 alleles without requiring genotypic screening for the first time. Finally, we combined these advances to create an optimized E. coli strain for genome engineering that is ∼10-fold more efficient at achieving allelic diversity than previous best practices.
Anillin-dependent organization of septin filaments promotes intercellular bridge elongation and Chmp4B targeting to the abscission site
Authors: Renshaw Matthew J. , Liu Jinghe , Lavoie Brigitte D. , Wilde Andrew
Published: January 2014

The final step of cytokinesis is abscission when the intercellular bridge (ICB) linking the two new daughter cells is broken. Correct construction of the ICB is crucial for the assembly of factors involved in abscission, a failure in which results in aneuploidy. Using live imaging and subdiffraction microscopy, we identify new anillin–septin cytoskeleton-dependent stages in ICB formation and maturation. We show that after the formation of an initial ICB, septin filaments drive ICB elongation during which tubules containing anillin–septin rings are extruded from the ICB. Septins then generate sites of further constriction within the mature ICB from which they are subsequently removed. The action of the anillin–septin complex during ICB maturation also primes the ICB for the future assembly of the ESCRT III component Chmp4B at the abscission site. These studies suggest that the sequential action of distinct contractile machineries coordinates the formation of the abscission site and the successful completion of cytokinesis.
A novelO-linked glycan modulatesCampylobacter jejunimajor outer membrane protein-mediated adhesion to human histo-blood group antigens and chicken colonization
Authors: Mahdavi Jafar , Pirinccioglu Necmettin , Oldfield Neil J. , Carlsohn Elisabet , Stoof Jeroen , Aslam Akhmed , Self Tim , Cawthraw Shaun A. , Petrovska Liljana , Colborne Natalie , Sihlbom Carina , Borén Thomas , Wooldridge Karl G. , Ala'Aldeen Dlawer A. A.
Published: January 2014

Campylobacter jejuniis an important cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis; strategies to prevent infection are hampered by a poor understanding of the complex interactions between host and pathogen. Previous work showed thatC. jejunicould bind human histo-blood group antigens (BgAgs)in vitroand that BgAgs could inhibit the binding ofC. jejunito human intestinal mucosaex vivo.Here, the major flagella subunit protein (FlaA) and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) were identified as BgAg-binding adhesins inC. jejuniNCTC11168.Significantly, the MOMP was shown to beO-glycosylated at Thr268; previously only flagellin proteins were known to beO-glycosylated inC. jejuni. Substitution of MOMP Thr268led to significantly reduced binding to BgAgs. TheO-glycan moiety was characterized as Gal(β1–3)-GalNAc(β1–4)-GalNAc(β1–4)-GalNAcα1-Thr268; modelling suggested thatO-glycosylation has a notable effect on the conformation of MOMP and this modulates BgAg-binding capacity. Glycosylation of MOMP at Thr268promoted cell-to-cell binding, biofilm formation and adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and was required for the optimal colonization of chickens byC. jejuni, confirming the significance of thisO-glycosylation in pathogenesis.
Oceanobacillus
luteolus sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Wu Min , Yang Guiqin , Yu Zhen , Zhuang Li , Jin Yingqiang , Zhou Shungui
Published: January 2014

Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated WM-1T and WM-4, were isolated from a paddy soil and a forest soil, respectively, in South China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that both strains were members of the genus

Oceanobacillus

and most closely related to

Oceanobacillus chironomi

LMG 23627T with pairwise sequence similarity of 96.0 %. The isolates contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the respiratory quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids (>10 %). Polar lipids consisted of a predominance of diphosphatidylglycerol and moderate to minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content was 38.6–39.2 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WM-1T displayed 99.7 % similarity to that of strain WM-4, and DNA–DNA hybridization between the two strains showed a relatedness value of 91 %. Based on the results of this polyphasic study, strains WM-1T and WM-4 represent a novel species in the genus

Oceanobacillus

, for which the name Oceanobacillus luteolus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WM-1T ( = KCTC 33119T = CGMCC 1.12406T).
Wickerhamomyces arborarius f.a., sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species found in arboreal habitats on three different continents
Authors: James Stephen A. , Barriga Enrique Javier Carvajal , Barahona Patricia Portero , Harrington Thomas C. , Lee Ching-Fu , Bond Christopher J. , Roberts Ian N.
Published: January 2014

Five strains representing a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Wickerhamomyces were independently isolated from Ecuador, Taiwan and the USA. One strain (CLQCA 10-161T) was isolated from the white flower of an unidentified plant species collected in the Maquipucuna cloud forest reserve, near Quito, in Ecuador. A second strain (GY7L12) was isolated from the leaf of a Chinese sumac or nutgall tree (Rhus chinensis ‘roxburghiana’) collected in the Taoyuan mountain area, Kachsiung, in Taiwan. Three additional strains (A543, A546 and A563) were isolated from two species of wood-boring beetle (Xyleborus glabratus and Xyleborinus saxeseni) collected near Clyo, Georgia, USA. Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene indicated that the novel species belongs to the genus Wickerhamomyces, and is most closely related to Wickerhamomyces sydowiorum, an insect-associated species predominantly found in South Africa. The North American and Taiwanese strains have identical internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and can be distinguished from the Ecuadorian strain based on a single nucleotide substitution in the ITS1 region. The species name of Wickerhamomyces arborarius f.a., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with CLQCA 10-161T ( = CBS 12941T = NCYC 3743T) designated the type strain.
Correcting a SHAPE-directed RNA structure by a mutate-map-rescue approach
Authors: Tian Siqi , Cordero Pablo , Kladwang Wipapat , Das Rhiju
Published: January 2014

The three-dimensional conformations of non-coding RNAs underpin their biochemical functions but have largely eluded experimental characterization. Here, we report that integrating a classic mutation/rescue strategy with high-throughput chemical mapping enables rapid RNA structure inference with unusually strong validation. We revisit a paradigmatic 16S rRNA domain for which SHAPE (selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation with primer extension) suggested a conformational change between apo-and holo-ribosome conformations. Computational support estimates, data from alternative chemical probes, and mutate-and-map (M2) experiments expose limitations of prior methodology and instead give a near-crystallographic secondary structure. Systematic interrogation of single base pairs via a high-throughput mutation/rescue approach then permits incisive validation and refinement of the M2-based secondary structure and further uncovers the functional conformation as an excited state (25±5% population) accessible via a single-nucleotide register shift. These results correct an erroneous SHAPE inference of a ribosomal conformational change and suggest a general mutate-map-rescue approach for dissecting RNA dynamic structure landscapes.
The causal relationships between aspects of customer capital
Authors: Ling‐Ching Chan Ann , Wang Wen‐Ying
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a unified framework of the causal relationships among six aspects of customer capital: customer targeting, ability to identify customers' needs, customer service capability, construction and management of a customer information system, market intensity, and customer loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A financial holding company in an emerging market, with successful customer relationship management, is selected as the case study object. The authors interviewed the management and distributed questionnaires to positions equivalent to or higher than the junior sales manager within two divisions of the corporate banking group. A total of 80 questionnaires were distributed, with a valid return rate of 73.75 per cent. The total number of subjects is 59 and the partial least squares method was adopted to examine the causal relationships between the different aspects of customer capital.

Findings

The results support the authors' predictions on the causal relationships among the aspects of customer capital. The base aspect, customer targeting, significantly influences the ability to identify customers' needs and construction and management of a customer information system. These two aspects directly affect customer service capability, which further improves customer loyalty and market intensity. The authors also identify several indicators within each aspect to assist management in exploring areas for improvement.

Practical implications

The evidence implies that a business should manage and control the leading aspects of customer capital, as this will help to improve and develop lag indicators. Based on the proposed cause‐effect model, relevant capital elements can be identified which effectively enhance business‐to‐business (B2B) customer relationship management.

Originality/value

The paper investigates the issue of customer relationship management from an integrated perspective. A causal relationship model of customer capital is developed and evidence provided on how different aspects of customer capital are linked to each other.
Anbar Abstracts Issue
Authors: Fojt Martin
Published: January 2014

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of Industrial Management & Data Systems is split into six sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Manufacturing strategy and production; Business process management ; Research and development; Industrial design; Quality management; Information systems.
Clusters or un‐clustered industries? Where inter‐firm marketing cooperation matters
Authors: Felzensztein Christian , Gimmon Eli , Aqueveque Claudio
Published: January 2014

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the perceived role of clusters in inter‐firm cooperation and social networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was carried out in a region of Latin America where limited research has been conducted in terms of inter‐firm relationships. Managers from three key natural resources‐based industries in Chile participated in the survey; one of these industries constituted a well‐defined cluster whereas the other two did not. The survey assessed managers' perceptions of the benefits and opportunities of inter‐firm cooperation in strategic marketing activities.

Findings

Results support the advantages of clusters. Managers of firms which are part of clustered industries tend to perceive more benefits and opportunities for inter‐firm co‐operation in marketing activities. Additionally, significant differences between clustered and non‐clustered industries in terms of their co‐operation behavior and objectives were found.

Research limitations/implications

The findings shed light on strategies for the enhancement of inter‐firm cooperation in marketing, of particular value for marketers in small‐and‐medium sized enterprises. The paper suggests establishing new clusters and promoting more regional clusters policies since clustering seems to provide better and positive inter‐firm interaction leading to cooperation.

Practical implications

There are lessons to be learned at national and regional levels for Latin American and emerging economies fostering new industry cluster policies.

Originality/value

Clustered firms and industries may result in more innovative marketing strategies at both local and international levels than non‐clustered firms. The authors encourage regional development bodies to foster more cooperation among firms and trade associations.
Strategy, strategists and fantasy: a dialogic constructionist perspective
Authors: MacIntosh Robert , Beech Nic
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to contribute a constructionist perspective to debates in the strategy literature about the ways in which managers conduct strategy work. The authors build on observations that fantasy plays a central role in strategy work and aim to focus on the ways in which fantasies of self and other operate in the identity work of participants in the process of developing strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents an inductive approach based on extended participant observation in two different organizations. Each engagement lasted about three years and the analysis is based on data gathered in meetings, workshops, focus groups, interviews and other informal settings.

Findings

The paper presents four different types of fantasy, which were observed in the data set. These fantasies are labeled: helpful pairing; the arms race; the eternal optimist and the merchant of doom. It is also suggested that there are three useful dimensions that might be used to unpack the ways in which fantasies operate. These are role playing and role taking; temporal place and associated value; the relationship between fantasy and evidence.

Research limitations/implications

The authors propose that future research on strategy should entail an understanding of the role of fantasy in what people say and do.

Originality/value

The paper offers four types of fantasy construction as a contribution to the extant literature and three analytical dimensions which can be used to consider the ways in which fantasy operates in the identity work of strategists.
The trading profiles of community retail enterprises
Authors: Calderwood Eric , Davies Keri
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key features of the community retail enterprises sector in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports on the results of a postal questionnaire survey of 197 community retail enterprises. The information gathered from this survey was supplemented by visits to 21 of the shops run by these enterprises and short interviews with some of the shop staff.

Findings

The community retail enterprise sector is growing very quickly, with a significant number of new shops opening every year in the UK. It is a very diverse sector that provides a wide range of goods and services, reflecting the desire to meet the needs of members and local residents. It is heavily dependent on the involvement of the local community, particularly as volunteers, but this can lead to other tensions around the role of the shop and the enterprise in general.

Originality/value

This paper provides an overview of an area of retailing that is growing in size and will be of interest to those involved in policy‐making in rural areas.
Does the performance of other functions in the frontline influence salesperson conflict?
Authors: Arndt Aaron D. , Karande Kiran , Harkins Jason
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of servicer and cross‐seller functional performance on salesperson perception of cross‐functional conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

Frontline employees often specialize in selling, servicing, or cross‐selling to customers. Two studies separately examine the effect of servicer and cross‐seller functional performance on salesperson perception of cross‐functional conflict.

Findings

In Study 1, salesperson conflict with frontline specialists who do not directly sell, called servicers, is examined and it is found that salespeople perceive less cross‐functional conflict when servicers perform well. Group cohesion decreases conflict directly. The effect of servicer performance on conflict is less pronounced as cross‐functional training increases. In Study 2, salesperson conflict with employees who cross‐sell additional goods and/or services to customers, called cross‐sellers, is evaluated and it is found that salespeople perceive more cross‐functional conflict when cross‐sellers perform well. Cross‐functional training decreases conflict directly. The effect of cross‐seller performance on conflict is less pronounced as group cohesion increases.

Research limitations/implications

The research was carried out in a single setting, automobile dealerships, and only two controls, one formal and one informal, were examined.

Practical implications

The results indicate that salespeople view the performance of each type of specialist differently depending on the specialists' goals. Based on this finding, the paper provides guidelines for which formal and informal controls are likely to be effective for reducing conflict between different frontline functions.

Originality/value

The paper shows that salespeople view servicer performance positively and cross‐seller performance negatively. Thus, the research adds to the understanding of cross‐functional relationships among specialized frontline employees.
Comparing port performance: Western European versus Eastern Asian ports
Authors: Feng Mengying , Mangan John , Lalwani Chandra
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report a comparative investigation of port performance between Western Europe and Eastern Asia and develop a strategy to improve their port performance accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive literature review is conducted in order to identify factors for port performance evaluation. A large‐scale questionnaire survey is employed in two port regions for comparative analysis.

Findings

Descriptive techniques and t‐tests indicate that port performances in the case port regions are different from each other in some factors and that they share some common features in certain other factors. The findings reveal that the most critical differences between the case ports are government support, proximity, speed of cargo handling, safety and port technical infrastructure in descending order. The Western European ports need to improve on government support, reduce port charges, diversify port ownership and improve port connectivity, while the Eastern Asian ports need to improve customs services, expand hinterlands, enhance logistics demand, encourage intermodalism and set up “dry ports”.

Research limitations/implications

This study was restricted to two port regions in China and the UK and data used in this research were mainly generated from questionnaire surveys, responses to which are, to some extent, subjective.

Practical implications

Ports must provide services that meet and exceed customers' expectations to be competitive. This research yields practical insights for port managers to improve port performance as quantifying factors allows them to prioritize and compare the factor performance. The results of the empirical study can also assist port stakeholders to formulate their operational strategy for port performance improvement.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to knowledge by addressing a gap in empirical research concerning performance comparison between Western European and Eastern Asian ports.
Logistics outsourcing interfaces: the role of customer partnering behavior
Authors: Hartmann Evi , de Grahl Alexander
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the customer partnering behavior dimensions – operational information exchange, planning, sharing of benefits and burdens, and extendedness – influence goal achievement and goal exceedance at the interface between customer firms and their logistics service providers.

Design/methodology/approach

This research develops a conceptual model of relationships between the customer partnering dimensions and logistics outsourcing performance (goal achievement and goal exceedance). The model is then tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results indicate that sharing of benefits and burdens has no significant effect on performance, while the other partnering dimensions positively influence goal achievement and goal exceedance. Amongst these partnering dimensions, extendedness demonstrates the strongest effect on both performance dimensions. Furthermore, operational information exchange primarily influences goal exceedance, while planning primarily impacts goal achievement.

Originality/value

The paper extends the extant logistics outsourcing literature by examining the effects of established customer partnering dimensions on performance.
Strategic logistics management
Authors: Fojt Martin
Published: January 2014

It is all too easy in the hectic world of business to get too involved with the day‐to‐ day managing of processes and events. When this happens it is difficult to
see the wood for the trees and the automatic pilot syndrome takes over. This does not suggest that you do not know what you are doing ‐ on the contrary you are probably as switched on to whatever activity you are managing as anyone could be. What you could be missing, however, is the explanation as to why you are doing it. If this sounds familiar to you, what might be needed is a detached period from your work. By this I mean stay on the high ground for a while so you can get an overview of what you are doing and, more importantly, why you are doing it. How many managers, I wonder, get the opportunity to question what they are doing? If you allow yourself to slip into complacency then you and your organization will soon lose competitive advantage.
Resilience at interfaces
Authors: Ole Johnsen Stig
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to support the implementation of safety and security guidelines in the Norwegian oil and gas industry and verify the actual use of the guidelines by industry and authorities.

Design/methodology/approach

An action research approach was used, exploring organisational learning as described by Argyris and Schon and by Nonaka and Takeuchi as “The knowledge‐creating company.” Interviews (analysis of interviews), workshops and reviews of guidelines and audits were performed in addition to “learning workshops” trying to create understanding and compliance related to the guidelines among industry and authorities.

Findings

The guideline OLF104 is used in the Norwegian oil and gas industry, by operators and by suppliers and checked through audits. However, the guideline should influence working procedures at operators more. The guideline seems to have improved resilience.

Research limitations/implications

The impact of the guideline on safety and security should be more systematically assessed. It is suggested that improvement of experience and knowledge related to safety, security and resilience of distributed control systems could improve the guidelines.

Social implications

The paper shows that there is improved awareness, safety, security and resilience when process control systems are integrated with ICT systems.

Originality/value

The contribution of the paper is the exploration of a broad‐based action‐based approach, involving key stakeholders in a structured manner, to improve practices and facilitate implementation of safety and security guidelines. The contribution is also an empirical documentation of the implementation of key issues of security and safety in guidelines between two different areas of competence, ICT and process control. The paper will be of interest to the key stakeholders: the industry, authorities and the media.
E‐commerce policies and customer privacy: a longitudinal study (2000‐2010)
Authors: Desai Mayur S. , Desai Kiran J. , Phelps Lonnie D.
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The present research is an updated and expanded continuation of an article by Parayitam et al. from 2008. The purpose of this study is to examine several internet policies and whether the communication of these policies to the customer has significantly changed during a ten year period.

Design/methodology/approach

The study defines published policies of how a company operates with respect to different factors. The policies examined are privacy, security, shipping, returns, and warranty. Each of the policies described above were then rated as per the rating scale defined by the authors. The 525 e‐commerce sites studied were divided into service and product sites, respectively. The e‐commerce sites were also separated into 28 industry groups. The data were also collected on some of the other factors that were important in this study.

Findings

E‐commerce companies do not fully inform their customers. The results showed no significant relationships between the policy ratings and any of the other factors taken into account.

Research limitations/implications

The net incomes collected were the companies' entire income, not exclusively from online sales. The present study used an unbalanced sample size consisting of more product sites than service sites.

Practical implications

People doing business over internet with e‐commerce companies need to read the privacy policy carefully and should be aware of how their information will be used by the e‐commerce companies.

Originality/value

The study provides valuable information about e‐commerce companies in communicating their customer service policies and very little changes have taken place in the last ten year period.
Developing business school/SMEs collaboration: the role of trust
Authors: Darabi Fariba , Clark Murray
Published: January 2014

Purpose

To investigate the initiation and development of effective business relationships, including knowledge transfer partnerships, with the primacy of trust as a key factor for collaborative development. Specifically, the aim was to explore Vangen and Huxham's (2003) notion of a “trust building loop” in the context of a Northern (UK) Business School and regional SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach employed was the “General Analytic Induction” for the interpretation of the data. This was used to develop theory inductively from 23 in‐depth interviews.

Findings

The results emphasized that trust, especially trust in individuals, is fundamental to collaborative settings, from both practitioners’ and academic points of view. The study identified barriers and drivers to initiating trust‐based relationships and a model of initiating collaboration was suggested.

Practical implications

The benefits from the research were seen as facilitating the development of effective business relationships between local business schools and SMEs in their regions. This investigation provided pointers that might assist business schools to understand how to manage their relationships with this group of stakeholders (SMEs) to stimulate and improve engagement.

Originality/value

There has been minimal research works on building successful collaborations within the business schools context, which contributes to professional practice through collaboration between business schools and SMEs.
Indigenous empowerment through collective learning
Authors: Enn Rosa
Published: January 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an indigenous community that lives in the periphery of Taiwan. The Dao on Orchid Island have had to face serious abuse of their human rights in terms of ecological exploitation and environmental injustice. The article highlights the empowerment of the indigenous group through collective learning. In this process the importance of being represented at both local and international levels is emphasized. Despite the democratization and implemented mechanism to protect indigenous peoples' rights and dignity, the issue of self‐determination and dependency on financial compensation still remains unsolved.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected and elaborated primarily using recognized research methods that are common in social anthropology (Bernard). Field research was conducted in 2007, 2008, and 2011 in Taiwan. A variety of interviews and formal and informal conversations formed the basis of data collection. According to qualitative content analysis, concepts and procedures developed by Gläser and Laudel, Bernard, as well as Schmidt were applied.

Findings

The outcomes of the research highlight the need to investigate the dynamic between modern technologies and the fight of vulnerable minorities in multicultural and democratic countries. Collective learning, solidarity, and presence at national and international levels are essential to improve empowerment to gain justice and respect of human rights.

Research limitations/implications

The indigenous Dao were excluded from decision making processes regarding the government's appropriation of land on Orchid Island to be used to store nuclear waste. The Dao gained power due to educational technologies within a local and global network. Although Taiwan promotes its cultural diversity nowadays, social and environmental justice is still a goal to reach.

Originality/value

The paper provides valuable insights of an indigenous community in Taiwan and their struggles against environmental injustice and exploitation. Due to the fieldwork, a unique and authentic picture of the indigenous peoples' situation is offered.
Influence of screen printing parameters on the front metallic electrodes geometry of solar cells
Authors: Drabczyk Kazimierz , Panek Piotr
Published: January 2014

Purpose

– The paper aims to present results of investigations carried out on the front electrode of the solar cell. The front-side electrode for solar cells based on crystalline material is obtained by the screen printing method. Screen printing has been the prevailing method of electrode deposition because of its low cost. One of the ways to improve the cell efficiency and reduce the production costs is a further refinement of the metal electrode screen printing process.

Design/methodology/approach

– The researches were focused on the modification of mechanical parameters of screen printing process to ensure the best possible cross-section of the front electrode geometry. The main printing process parameters were constant, however, the print speed was variable. The obtained fine line of front contact was characterized morphologically – the dimension and geometry of the front contact cross-section – by scanning electron microscopy technique.

Findings

– The thin paths of 100 μm in width were screen printed applying a new silver-paste made by Du Pont. The printing speed has significant effect on print quality in the way that the lower speed enhanced the printed results.

Research limitations/implications

– For newest pastes (e.g. PV17D) influence of screen printing parameters on the front metallic electrodes geometry of solar cell is not so significant. Presented screen printing process can still give good results, but the further optimization for the new paste must be performed to achieve better cross-section geometry.

Originality/value

– This paper confirms that one-step screen printing process can still give good results. The screen printed thin paths of 100 μm in width have good cross-section aspect ratio.
Thermal effects in embedded thin- and thick-film resistors in comparison to chip resistors
Authors: Steplewski Wojciech , Dziedzic Andrzej , Borecki Janusz , Koziol Grazyna , Serzysko Tomasz
Published: January 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal behaviour of thin- and thick-film resistor with different dimensions and contacts embedded into printed circuit board (PCB) and compare them to the similar constructions of discrete chip resistors assembled to standard PCBs.

Design/methodology/approach

– In investigations the thin- and thick-film embedded resistors with the bar form in different dimensions and configurations of contacts as well as rectangular chip resistors in package 0603 and 0402 were used. In tests were carried out the measurements of dissipated power in temperature of resistor about 40°C, 70°C and 155°C. The power dissipation was calculated as a multiplying of electrical current flowing through the resistor with voltage across the resistor. The dissipation of heat generated by electrical current flowing through resistors was examined by means of the FLIR A320 thermographic camera with lens Closeup×2 and the power source.

Findings

– The results show that, in case of chip resistors, the intensity of heat radiation strongly depends on dimensions of copper contact lands and also depends on the dimensions of the resistor. In case of embedded resistors, with comparable dimensions to chip resistors, they have lower ability to power dissipation, as well as the copper contact lands dimensions have lower influence. The thermal radiation through resin material is not as effective as it is in case of resistors assembled on PCB. However, the embedded thick-film resistors, especially made of paste Minico M2010, have already the similar parameters to 0402 chip resistors.

Research limitations/implications

– Research shows that embedded resistors can be used interchangeably with SMD resistors it allows to open up space on the surface of PCB, but it should be taken into account the lower energy dissipation capabilities. It is suggested that further studies are necessary for accurately determining the thermal effects and investigate the structures of embedded passive components that allow for better heat management.

Originality/value

– Thermal stability of embedded resistors during operation is a critical factor of success of embedded resistor technology. The way of power dissipation and heat resistance are one of the important operating parameters of these components. The results provide information about the power and the energy dissipation of embedded thin- and thick-film resistors compared to the standard surface mount technology.
ERP systems in lean production: new insights from a review of lean and ERP literature
Authors: Powell Daryl
Published: January 2014

Purpose

– Faced with increasing global competition and growing customer expectations, manufacturers looking for significant performance improvements often look to one of the two choices: implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or applying the tools and techniques associated with lean production. In fact, many companies are today applying both approaches in an attempt to realise competitive advantage in the global marketplace. However, there seems to be an ongoing debate within the academic literature as to whether lean and ERP are complimentary or contradictory technologies. This paper aims to present a thorough and critical review of literature with the objective of bringing out pertinent factors and useful insights into the role and implications of ERP systems in lean production and to develop a research framework that can be used by researchers and practitioners for studying the value of integrating ERP with lean.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research methodology employed is literature survey. Literature has been collected primarily through journals within the area of operations management. For rigorousness, textbooks, conference papers, white papers and dissertations have been excluded from the subsequent analysis. Though older literature has been considered to define the scope of this investigation, only literature published after the year 2000 has been considered in the analysis in order to be current in the research field.

Findings

– The paper proposes a classification scheme for the current research on ERP and lean production, which identifies six major areas in the extant literature. The literature survey is used to find existing research gaps and provides a research framework for future research directions regarding applications and implications of ERP systems in lean production.

Originality/value

– This paper fulfils an identified need to study the interactions between ERP systems and lean production.
Leadership development to transform a library
Authors: Mierke Jill
Published: January 2014

Purpose

– This case study aims to explain why one Canadian academic library chose to design and deliver in-house leadership development training for its employees, rather than taking a consortial approach, and seeks to highlight the impact of this decision on the library's organizational culture.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is presented in three parts: the benefits and challenges of in-house, external and consortial training; the impact of an in-house leadership development program at the University Library at the University of Saskatchewan; and considerations when deciding whether to collaborate on the provision of employee training. The author draws upon her own personal experiences as the Director of Human Resources for the library, and presents evidence acquired through surveys, observations, and conversations.

Findings

– The paper explains how a deliberate decision to provide in-house leadership training had a transformative effect on individual employees and the organization.

Practical implications

– When considering collaborating to provide leadership development training, library administrators should ensure the pros and cons of doing so are thoroughly explored; the pressure to collaborate can sometimes lead to participation in activities simply to be seen as a “good library citizen,” and often such activities are not necessarily contributing to the strategic goals of the library. In economically challenging times, library leaders and decision makers will need to be very aware of these implications.

Originality/value

– This paper discusses why a library chose an in-house approach to leadership development training rather than a consortial approach. This article has value to library administrators as they consider implementing leadership development training in their libraries.
Immunoblotting of soluble antigens in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis culture
Authors: de Jesus Carlos Nilson , Pinto Débora Alves , Ono Mario Augusto , Venancio Emerson Jose , de Camargo Zoilo Pires , Sano Ayako , Itano Eiko Nakagawa
Published: January 2014

This study investigated the major soluble antigens produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb339) cultured in solid Sabouraud (pH 5.6 and 8.5), Sabouraud plus brain heart infusion and liquid tomato juice‐enriched complex medium media at intervals of 3 days over 30 days by immunoblotting and concluded that, to optimize the source of each antigen, both time and growth conditions should be considered.
Evidence of localized resource depletion following a natural colonization event by a large marine predator
Authors: Kuhn Carey E. , Baker Jason D. , Towell Rodney G. , Ream Rolf R.
Published: January 2014

For central place foragers, forming colonies can lead to extensive competition for prey around breeding areas and a zone of local prey depletion. As populations grow, this area of reduced prey can expand impacting foraging success and forcing animals to alter foraging behaviour.

Here, we examine a population of marine predators, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), which colonized a recently formed volcanic island, and assess changes in foraging behaviour associated with increasing population density. Specifically, we measured pup production and adult foraging behaviour over a 15‐year period, during which the population increased 4‐fold.

Using measures of at‐sea movements and dive behaviour, we found clear evidence that as the population expanded, animals were required to allot increasing effort to obtain resources. These changes in behaviour included longer duration foraging trips, farther distances travelled, a larger foraging range surrounding the island and deeper maximum dives.

Our results suggest that as the northern fur seal population increased, local prey resources were depleted as a result of increased intraspecific competition. In addition, the recent slowing of population growth indicates that this population may be approaching carrying capacity just 31 years after a natural colonization event.

Our study offers insight into the dynamics of population growth and impacts of increasing population density on a large marine predator. Such data could be vital for understanding future population fluctuations that occur in response to the dynamic environment, as natural and anthropogenic factors continue to modify marine habitats.
Fly pollination and duodichogamy in Bridelia stipularis and Cleistanthus sumatranus (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: Li Yongquan , Luo Shixiao , Zhang Dianxiang
Published: January 2014

The globally distributed family Phyllanthaceae comprises 1745 species, all of which produce unisexual flowers, and most of the species occur in the tropics. The few species in which the pollination system has been studied are pollinated by flies, wasps, or specialized moths, and at least two species are duodichogamous. Here we report on the flowering phenology and pollination of the Chinese species Bridelia stipularis and Cleistanthus sumatranus, which were studied on the tropical Hainan Island. Both species are duodichogamous and indicated to be fly‐pollinated. The calliphorid species Chrysomya megacephala, Isomyia isomyia, Pierretia sp., Hemipyrellia sp., and Achoetandrus tufifacies were the most frequent flower visitors to B. stipularis; some of these species together with syrphids (Meliscaeva cinctella, Dideopsis sp., and Eristalis sp.) were the most abundant visitors to Cl. sumatranus flowers. Fruit set in hand‐pollinated flowers was higher than in open‐pollinated flowers, but because of natural fruit abortion the difference was not significant, indicating that fly pollinators do not limit reproduction of these Phyllanthaceae species. This study provides an addition to the limited Asian literature on pollination by flies and the even more limited literature on duodichogamy. It could help to broaden our understanding for analysis of the evolution of duodichogamy in future research, but the specific ecological factors behind the evolution of this rare sexual system are still difficult to generalize.
Autonomous self‐pollination in the nectarless orchid Pogonia minor
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji
Published: January 2014

The pollination biology of the nectarless orchid Pogonia minor was investigated in central Japan. The investigation revealed that the solitary flowers failed to attract pollinators, while high rates of fruit set were observed in the natural population. Comparable levels of fruit set were obtained in bagged, artificial self‐pollinated and artificial cross‐pollinated plants, indicating that the species is not pollinator‐limited for fruit set under natural conditions. Autonomous self‐pollination in P. minor resulted from a reduced rostellum, which allowed contact between the pollinia and the stigma. Self‐pollination is thought to be an adaptive response that provides reproductive assurance under conditions of pollinator limitation. Since pollen limitation is generally known to be frequent among deceptive orchids, strong pollen limitation is probably a driving force in the autonomous self‐pollination mechanism in the nectarless orchid P. minor.
Population differentiation in the tiller architecture of Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae) in relation to habitat
Authors: Cheplick Gregory P.
Published: January 2014

Grass tillers grow by addition of modular units known as phytomers. Differences in phytomer organ size produce subindividual variation with potential adaptive value. Here, patterns in organ mass along tillers in the invasive annual Microstegium vimineum are related to habitat and tiller architecture. In an earlier study, seed families were collected from two populations: one from a sunny, woodland edge and the other from a shady understory in New Jersey, USA. Plants from these seeds were grown in a greenhouse. Phytomers along primary tillers were divided into culms, leaves, and cleistogamous or chasmogamous spikelets and seeds, dried and weighed. These data were used to examine the quantitative genetics of subindividual variation among families and populations, and the relationship of tiller fitness (based on total seed mass) to the mean or subindividual variance of phytomer traits. Phytomer position along a tiller was the major determinant of organ mass. Leaf mass increased from basal to upper nodes; cleistogamous reproductive mass decreased from upper to lower nodes. Phytomer organs were heaviest in the population from the sunny habitat. Family explained < 18% of variation in organ mass. Tiller fitness was positively correlated with mean culm, and leaf mass, but negatively correlated with coefficients of variation. Field‐collected tillers showed evidence of selection for increased leaf mass. Subindividual variation in M. vimineum is mostly due to phytomer position along a tiller and the prevailing light environment. Differentiation between sunny and shady populations suggests selection favors heavier phytomer leaves and culms, especially in the shady understory where this species is most invasive.