bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selectivity Tuning by Peroxide Concentration for the Selective Etching of SiGe20 to Si and SiGe40 to SiGe20
Authors: Lopez Villanueva Francisco Javier , Sebaai Farid , Altamirano-Sanchez Efrain , Klipp Andreas
Published: August 2023

Using two highly efficient inhibitors, one for silicon and one for SiO2 and SiN it is possible by varying the hydrogenperoxide concentration to achieve tuneable formulated chemistry concerning selectivity. So, the same formulation can be used for the selective etching of SiGe25 vs. Si like for GAA applications as well as for the selective etching of SiGe40 vs. SiGe20 like for CFET applications.
Optimal Injection Distance in Ultrasonic Water Flow Cleaning
Authors: Ando Keita , Sakota Riria , Usui Hidehisa , Ishibashi Tomoatsu , Matsuo Hisanori , Watanabe Katsuhide
Published: August 2023

Cleaning tests with ultrasound-superposed water jets are performed to explore the optimal injection distance from the jet nozzle to a glass plate spin-coated with small silica particles (as a cleaning sample). The cleaning performance is evaluated based on particle removal efficiency (PRE) that is calculated using the haze method. Visualization of the water jet and liquid film flow over the cleaning target shows that the jet flow with short injection distance tends to be in a steady state, while the water jet shape instability grows for long injection distance, leading to atomization of the jet. The cleaning tests with varying the injection distance suggest that there exists an optimal injection distance at which the PRE becomes maximal.
Slurry Activation for Enhanced Surface Redox Reactions in CMP
Authors: Philipossian Ara , Sampurno Yasa , Redeker Fritz , Cahue Kiana A. , Keleher Jason J.
Published: August 2023

A novel add-on hardware device is placed near the point of slurry dispense that can instantaneously activate slurry performance during polishing via megasonic irradiation. This new technology (Flucto-CMP® is able to overcome the inherent polisher-slurry weaknesses such as wafer-level defects, process vibrations, cost of ownership, slurry waste, remval rate (RR), and RR selectivity. Flucto-CMP® has been successfully applied to various types of CMP slurries resulting in significant increases in the removal rates of copper, SiC, borosilicate hard mask, ILD, TiN, and silicon carbide through chemical alteration of the passivation layer needed for material removal. Specifically, for copper CMP, using Flucto-CMP®, we see an up to 31% boost in RR which is well correlated with the amount of reactive oxidizing species generated through irradiation as well as the measured relative indentation depth of the passivation layer. In addition to boosts in RR, for copper, we see a 50X drop in the variance of shear force and a 5X drop in the variance of normal force when Flucto-CMP® is used. This dramatic reduction in process vibration for copper soft-landing processes ought to reduce wafer-level defects. Much greater rate improvements are observed when polishing SiC, and borosilicate hard masks.
4-Octyl Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Induce Secretion of the Anti-Inflammatory Protein Annexin A1 via NRF2
Authors: Diskin Ciana , Day Emily A , Henry Órlaith C , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E , O’Neill Luke A J
Published: August 2023

Annexin A1 is a key anti-inflammatory effector protein that is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of the endogenous metabolite itaconate, which is abundantly produced by LPS-activated macrophages, has recently been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI share a significant overlap with those of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivate of another Krebs cycle metabolite fumarate, which is already in use clinically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study we show that both 4-OI and DMF induce secretion of the 33-kDa form of annexin A1 from murine bone marrow–derived macrophages, an effect that is much more pronounced in LPS-stimulated cells. We also show that this 4-OI– and DMF-driven annexin A1 secretion is NRF2-dependent and that other means of activating NRF2 give rise to the same response. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, which has previously been implicated in annexin A1 secretion, is required for this process in macrophages. Our findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effects of the Krebs cycle metabolite derivatives 4-OI and DMF.
Nebulised fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate for attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: A double-blinded, randomised comparative study
Authors: Grover Niharika , Taneja Rashmi , Rashid Yawar , Shrivastava Neha
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation cause an increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, called as pressor response. This study aimed to compare nebulised forms of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate to attenuate the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Methods:

This double-blinded, randomised study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation. Nebulisation was done with fentanyl 1 μg/kg (Group A), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group B) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (40 mg/kg) (Group C). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded before nebulisation (T0), post-nebulisation (T1) and at 2, 5 and 10 min after intubation (T2, T3, T4). The statistical analysis for comparing continuous variables between the groups was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Compared to T0, an increase in HR at T2 and T3 was seen in Group A only, which reached baseline values at T4 (P values <0.0001 and 0.037, respectively). No HR value was higher than the baseline readings in groups B and C. The decreasing trend of SBP, DBP and MAP was seen in all three groups. Groups B and C had a statistically significant decrease in all the values from baseline (P values <0.0001).

Conclusion:

Nebulised form of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and magnesium (40 mg/kg) seems to be superior to fentanyl (1 μg/kg) in blunting the stress response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block and caudal epidural block for postoperative analgesia in paediatric lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ranjan Vivek , Singh Swati
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an effective technique for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries. This study aims to compare the duration and efficacy of an ultrasound-guided TAP block with those of a caudal epidural for paediatric unilateral lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods:

After ethical approval, sixty children aged 1 to 9 years were randomised into ultrasound-guided TAP block or caudal block with general anaesthesia for unilateral lower abdominal surgeries. The primary endpoint was time for the first rescue analgesia in the postoperative period. The secondary endpoints were total postoperative opioid consumption, modified Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale in the postoperative period.

Results:

The mean time for first rescue analgesia was 11.33 ± 2.80 h in the TAP block group, while in the caudal group, it was 13.18 ± 2.67 h (95% confidence interval [CI] mean difference 2.58–10.58, P = 0.017). The total postoperative morphine requirement was comparable in both groups at both 12 h (TAP block group 0.50 ± 0.12 mg vs. caudal block group 0.56 ± 0.12 mg, 95% CI mean difference 0.09–0.02, P = 0.08) and 24 h (TAP block group 0.96 ± 0.30 mg vs. caudal block group 0.81 ± 0.34 mg, 95% CI mean difference 0.06–0.32, P = 0.06) time period.

Conclusion:

The mean time for first rescue analgesia was lesser in the TAP block group as compared to caudal group.
Efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine-lignocaine infusion compared to morphine for intraoperative haemodynamic stability in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jose Annu , Kaniyil Suvarna , Ravindran Rashmi
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

In recent times, non-opioid analgesic-based anaesthesia has been gaining popularity as it can achieve the goals of hypnosis, amnesia, and haemodynamic stability while avoiding opioid side effects. Our study compares the efficacy of opioid-free anaesthesia and opioid-based general anaesthesia regarding intraoperative haemodynamic stability, anaesthetic requirements, awareness, and recovery profile.

Methods:

After receiving ethical approval and registering the trial, we conducted this randomised, single-blinded study on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients who were aged 18–65 and were scheduled for modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into two groups of 60 each. Group DL received IV dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg loading over 10 min, 10 min before induction and 0.5 μg/kg/h infusion after that along with IV lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg at bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion. Group MN received IV morphine 0.15 mg/kg. Standard monitoring and general anaesthesia protocol were followed. Intraoperative haemodynamics, anaesthetic requirement, extubation time, and recovery profile were monitored. Data were analysed using Stata version 14 software, and statistical tests (Chi-squared test for qualitative variables, unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U test for quantitative variables) were performed.

Results:

Both groups had comparable haemodynamic stability (P > 0.05). Group DL had a significantly lower propofol requirement for induction and maintenance (P < 0.001). Ramsay sedation score (P = 0.002) and extubation time (P = 0.029) were significantly higher in Group MN. The recovery profile was favourable in Group DL, with there being lower postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Dexmedetomidine and lignocaine IV infusion demonstrated stable intraoperative haemodynamic stability, lower anaesthetic requirement, and better recovery profile than morphine without significant complications.
Incidence and risk factors for emergence delirium in children undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia – A prospective, observational study
Authors: Devi E Adithi , Nagaprasad YVS Ravi , Shiva P V , Nirmalan Praveen
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

Emergence delirium (ED) is a common complication after general anaesthesia (GA) in children, with an incidence of 2%–80%. This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for ED in children undergoing surgery under GA.

Methods:

This observational, prospective study was conducted in 336 children of either gender aged 2–13 years scheduled for surgeries under GA. Preoperative anxiety and demographics were noted. Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, Watcha scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale were monitored 30 min postsurgery. A PAED score ≥12 and a Watcha scale score ≥3 were taken as ED. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. An adjusted multivariate linear regression model explored the association with ED.

Results:

The incidence of ED was 3.87% (n = 13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80, 5.94). ED was significantly associated with male sex (β coefficient 0.06, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.11) and severe preoperative anxiety (β coefficient 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12) in a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for other confounders. When pain scores were added to the regression model, ED was significantly associated only with pain at 0 and 10 min after surgery (P values 0.005 and 0.002, respectively). Both PAED (AUROC 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00) and Watcha (AUROC 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00) scores showed an excellent ability to detect ED.

Conclusion:

The incidence of ED was 3.87% (95% CI: 1.80, 5.94) and was significantly associated with male sex, severe preoperative anxiety and pain.
Thromboprophylaxis practices in neurocritical care—A cross-sectional survey among neurocritical care practitioners
Authors: Sinha Sharmili , Ahuja Bhuvna , Pandit Rahul , Mishra Rajesh , Chatterjee Ranajit , Choudhuri Anirban H
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

Thromboprophylaxis practice patterns are quite diverse in neurocritical care patients. The risk of venous thromboembolism remains high in this group due to prolonged immobilised status, extended length of stay and multiple comorbidities. The aim was to comprehend the thromboprophylaxis practices among neurocritical care practitioners in India.

Methods:

The cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey was undertaken among the neurocritical care practitioners. Two investigators framed two sets of 15 questions in the first stage and reviewed them with experts. In the second stage, a set of 22 questions was prepared by a third investigator and pretested among ten experts. The questions were emailed to the participants with a link to the survey. The responses were analysed using Statistical Package For The Social Sciences software.

Results:

Of the 185 responses, 53% reported that thromboprophylaxis is practised less often in neurocritical care than in general critical care. The usage of pharmacoprophylaxis among neurosurgical cases, traumatic brain injuries and brain strokes varies widely. There was a preference to use pharmacoprophylaxis in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) below nine among many (68.2%), and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the preferred choice in such cases. The reluctance to use heparin because of fear of bleed was high (82%). Most (78.9%) believed pharmacoprophylaxis could reduce venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and mortality.

Conclusion:

Thromboprophylaxis practices among neurocritical care patients remain quite heterogeneous. There is a dilemma in patients with intracranial haemorrhagic lesions regarding pharmacoprophylaxis.
Unlocking the Potential of Near Field Communication in Dentistry: Identification, Communication, and More
Authors: Narang Vishwas , Kaur Jaswinder , Kuckreja Harinder , Puar Jasleen Kaur
Published: August 2023

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing technology that uses radio waves to establish contactless communication. RFID technology is widespread from industrial applications to healthcare uses. Recent advancements in the field of RFID have led to the evolution of near-field communication (NFC) technology. Using a NFC enabled smartphone, a user can interact with NFC tags or other smartphones to complete various tasks efficiently. This article covers the various aspects of NFC technology including its advantages, its feasibility, and its limitations. NFC, if properly implemented in day-to-day dental practice can make the task of information sharing, communication, and identification much more rapid and seamless. This article aims to discuss the possible applications of NFC in the field of dentistry.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Assessment Survey Regarding Oral Mucormycosis after the Covid-19 Pandemic among Dentists in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali)
Authors: Saini Monica , Verma Richa , Jain Ashish , Arora Suraj , Saluja Priyanka , Saquib Shahabe Abullais , Thakkar Radhika , Abdulla Anshad M. , Ali Ahmed Babiker Mohamed , Grover Vishakha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Mucormycosis is a rare, rapidly progressing opportunistic fungal infection which came into a sudden limelight during the second wave of COVID-19 in India.

Aims and Objective:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment of oral mucormycosis among dentists in tri-city (Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali) after COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, web-based survey was carried out among 150 dentists with a response rate of 87.3%. The survey consisted of 15 questions pertaining to knowledge and attitude, whereas a third section of questions regarding practices based on their encounter of attending mucormycosis patients. To ensure maximum participation, snowball and convenience sampling were utilized, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results:

Dentists demonstrated a decent knowledge about oral mucormycosis, but there was still a lack of awareness pertaining to reasons for developing mucormycosis after COVID and its correlation with COVID-19’s variant. The study participants revealed coherent opinions about most questions except the diagnostic methods. A very few dentists attended to mucormycosis patients in their clinical practice.

Conclusion:

Overall, the current work reported the knowledge and clinical experience of the dentists regarding COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and emphasizes on improving the knowledge and awareness of dentists in this area for better management of such cases with diligent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Enamel Surface following Two Composite Removal Methods after Bracket Debonding
Authors: Kundal Sunegha , Walia Pawanjit Singh , Shokeen Tulika , Bansal Anubhav , Janmeda Dushyant Singh
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To evaluate and compare morphology and roughness of the enamel surface after debonding and polishing by two methods: aluminum oxide disks (Shofu, Super-Snap) and 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur (Strauss and Co.) using a surface roughness tester and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively.

Subjects and Methods:

For this study, we selected 15 orthodontic patients with bonded metal brackets. After the completion of fixed orthodontic treatment, metal brackets for the maxillary central incisors were removed with a debonding plier. For every patient, teeth were chosen on a random basis to be finished and polished with Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks on one side (n = 15) and with 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur (n = 15) on the other side. Epoxy resin was used to obtain the replicas of maxillary anterior teeth (before and after tooth polishing). SEM analysis was done for five samples from each group.

Results:

The average roughness after resin removal in the 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur group (0.328 mm ± 0.099) was found to be significantly higher when compared to the Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks (0.299 mm ± 0.109).

Conclusions:

The Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks resulted in superior finishing and polishing than 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur.
Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength, Modulus of Elasticity, and Microleakage of Three Different Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials in Class V Preparations – An In vitro Study
Authors: Baskar Hari , Hari Abirami , Anirudhan Subha
Published: August 2023

Aims:

Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and microleakage evaluation of three glass ionomer restorative materials in class V preparations.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty bar-shaped specimens each of Type-II glass-ionomer cement (GIC), Zirconomer and Type-IX GIC were prepared by inserting freshly mixed cements into 25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm polyvinylacetate moulds followed by storage in artificial saliva for 24 h at 37°C. Samples were then rinsed, polished, and tested in autograph universal testing machine for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity using three-point bending test. Standardized Class V cavities in 60 extracted human premolars of dimensions 3 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm were prepared, divided at random into three groups of twenty each and restorations were done using Type-IX GIC, Type-II GIC, and Zirconomer. Teeth were immersed in 1%wt Rhodamine-B dye after thermocycling for 24 h, split bucco-lingually in longitudinal section and evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope.

Results:

Flexural strength evaluation showed that Zirconomer had the highest and Type-II GIC had the lowest flexural strengths that was statistically significant (P < 0.05; analysis of variance [ANOVA]-Tukey Honestly Significant Difference [HSD]). Analysis of modulus of elasticity revealed that Type-IX GIC had the highest and Type-II GIC had the lowest modulus and the difference was significant statistically (P < 0.05; ANOVA-Tukey HSD). Occlusal microleakage was the highest in samples restored with Zirconomer (50% of the teeth), whereas samples restored with Type IX GIC showed no microleakage. At the gingival margins, 60% of both Type-IX GIC and Zirconomer restored samples exhibited no microleakage and 55% of Type-II GIC restored samples showed no microleakage.

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, Type IX GIC exhibited good flexural strength, low modulus of elasticity, and least microleakage followed by Type II GIC and Zirconomer.
Maxillary Canine with Two Root Canals
Authors: Sumbria Sumedha , Sawhny Asheesh , Paul Saurav , Sawhny Karuna Singh
Published: August 2023

Compared to other teeth, the maxillary canines have fewer anatomical variations. Among the primary causes why root canal therapy fails is the inability to locate and manage an additional channel or canals. Therefore, it is important to take root canal shape and variations into account for successful and effective endodontic therapy. This article explains the retreatment of a 48-year-old male patient who had an extra canal (Type II of Vertucci’s classification) found and repaired due to anatomical changes in his permanent left canine.
Photobiomodulation: Molecular and Subcellular Mechanisms and Applications in Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Khot Tanvi A , Lele Priya , Dodwad Vidya , Bhosale Nishita S , Mariam Sarah , Upadhyay Shaurya
Published: August 2023

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a light source that generates light of a single wavelength. Low-level Laser do not cause temperature elevation within the tissue, but rather produce their effects from photobiostimulation within the tissues. Low-level LASERS do not cut or ablate the tissue. The application of LLLT has become popular in a variety of clinical applications in periodontics including promotion of analgesic effect, reduction of inflammation, and edema and wound healing following nonsurgical and surgical procedures. This review focuses on the molecular and subcellular mechanism of low intensity LASER therapy and their applications in periodontal therapy.
Exploring the Interplay: Kinesiophobia Prevalence and its Relationship with Cognitive Impairment following Upper Limb Fractures
Authors: Khisty Abha Shirish , Saini Seema , Jadhav Kush , Palekar Tushar J.
Published: August 2023

Context:

Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself. Assessment of kinesiophobia should be practiced as a regular basis for any traumatic painful conditions. As upper limb fractures are most prevalent among all the other types of fractures, this study aims to assess the prevalence of kinesiophobia in posttraumatic upper limb conditions and its correlation with cognitive status.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of kinesiophobia in upper limb traumatic fractures and observe its correlation with cognitive status.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital, and data were obtained from the orthopedics department of the hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

Three hundred (n = 300) patients with upper limb fractures were screened for kinesiophobia and cognitive impairment. Kinesiophobia was assessed using Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and cognition was assessed using Mini–Mental State Examination Scale.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics were applied and frequency distribution in percentages to see the prevalence of kinesiophobia in upper limb fractures. Karl’s Pearson’s coefficient correlation test was applied to evaluate the correlation between cognitive status.

Results:

There is an inverse negative correlation between cognitive status and kinesiophobia (r = 0.06, P = 0.002). There was 58% of overall prevalence in upper limb fractures but the highest was observed in fractures of the shoulder complex which was 32%.

Conclusions:

The overall prevalence of kinesiophobia in upper limb fractures was high, however, it was highest in fractures of the shoulder complex with compound fractures. This study also concludes that reduced cognitive status leads to increased kinesiophobia.
Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait in terms of Symmetry in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Bhandarkar Aditi Chandrakant , Ravindra Savita , Visweswara Ramesh Debur
Published: August 2023

Context:

Human gait, or the way people walk, is a complicated motor activity involving coordinated movements of different parts of the body. It is crucial in everyday activities and is influenced by a variety of factors such as age, health status, and musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Understanding the many characteristics of gait, especially symmetry and asymmetry, is critical for getting insights into normal locomotion patterns and recognising potential deviations associated with certain conditions.

Aims:

The current study aims to understand the different aspects of gait such as symmetry and asymmetry of gait to develop a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of human gait.

Settings and Design:

Convenience sampling was used. This was a cross-sectional observational study.

Subjects and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done on 72 healthy adults between the age group of 20 and 80 according to the criteria. Convenience sampling was used. Subjects were divided into six groups having 12 subjects in each group. Gait analysis was done using GAITRite. Subjects were asked to walk three times on the walkway at their preferred speed. Since all the variables are continuous, all the data have been processed in terms of the mean.

Statistical Analysis:

The Statistical Software, namely Jamovi 0.9.5.12 (jamovi.org), was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

It was observed that step time and cycle time can be considered parameters representing symmetry and parameters such as step length, stride length, H-H base of support, swing (% of gait cycle) stance (% of gait cycle), single support (% of gait cycle), and double support (% of gait cycle) represent gait asymmetry.

Conclusions:

This study establishes the asymmetric parameters of gait across the age span the minimum detectable difference in all the parameters were calculated.
Comparison of Two Thoracic Kinesio-Taping Techniques on Pulmonary Function, Oxygen Saturation, and Exercise Capacity in COPD Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ganesh B. R. , Praneetha N. , Naik Varun
Published: August 2023

Context:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), though a disease of the lung, the extrapulmonary manifestations contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality.

Aim:

This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of two different thoracic kinesio taping techniques on pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, and exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Settings and Design:

A randomized clinical trial was conducted across tertiary health-care hospitals in Belagavi, Karnataka.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 42 participants aged 30–65 years (51.58 ± 10.21 years) participated in the study. All participants underwent baseline evaluations for pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, and exercise capacity, following which they were randomly allocated to one of the two intervention groups. Both groups, Group A (diaphragmatic taping) and Group B (intercostal muscle taping), were given intervention for 15 days, with the applied tape changed on every 3rd day. Postintervention evaluation was performed on the 15th day.

Statistical Analysis:

Mann–Whitney test was used for between-group comparison, and the Wilcoxon test was used for within-group comparison.

Results:

A significant improvement was noted in all parameters in Group A except forced expiratory volume in 6 s (FEV6) (P = 0.47) and FEV1/FEV6 (P = 0.301) ratio when compared with preintervention values. In Group B, all the parameters showed a significant improvement compared to preintervention values. The between-group comparison showed that only FEV1/FEV6 (P = 0.018) ratio showed a significant improvement.

Conclusion:

There is no significant difference between diaphragmatic taping and intercostal muscle taping technique. It was noted that both the techniques were equally effective in improving pulmonary function, oxygen saturation, and exercise capacity in COPD patients. Hence, thoracic kinesio taping, in addition to conventional physiotherapy treatment, can help in achieving better patient outcomes.
Effect of Exercise on Regulation of Adipokine and Sedentary Lifestyle Diseases: A Narrative Review
Authors: Inam Ahmad Merajul Hasan , Iqbal Mohd. Javed , Khan Ashfaque , Khan Abdur Raheem , Khan Mohammad Mustufa
Published: August 2023

Currently, a large number of the global population are physically inactive or engaged in insufficient physical activity. A sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity disturb normal human body functions such as metabolic activity, insulin, immune response, adipokine functions, and vascular and endothelial functions. A sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this narrative review is to evaluate the effect of exercise on the regulation of adipokine and sedentary lifestyle diseases. A total of 1218 articles were reviewed. Articles were searched by various databases such as Pubmed, Chinhal, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria for including the articles: abstract, free full-text, and full-text articles and books were searched from January 01, 2004 to March 01, 2022. For this review, randomized control trial study, narrative and systematic review published in the English language were included. This review indicated that regular exercise either aerobic or resistance are improved the circulatory levels of various adipokines. Aerobic exercise for 1 week helps to improve the anti-inflammatory adipokine leptin and adiponectin and diminished the pro-inflammatory adipokine visfatin and resistin. Regular exercise along with dietary restrictions may play a significant role to reduce sedentary lifestyle diseases. Acute and chronic exercise may be an effective therapy to reduce the risk factors for chronic disease and its complications. Combined aerobic and resistance training are more effective to regulate adipokine.
Effect of Music Therapy versus Aromatherapy with Aerobic Exercise on Stage 2 Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Metgud Santosh , Mahadevan Divya , D’Souza Venicia , Dourado Elly
Published: August 2023

Context:

High blood pressure (BP) is a worldwide public health problem that is becoming more common by the day. Music therapy and aromatherapy are two novel complementary therapies, that when used in conjunction with aerobic exercise, can help lower BP. The outcome is measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy versus aromatherapy in combination with aerobic exercise in stage 2 hypertensive patients.

Settings and Design:

The present randomized controlled trial was conducted in Tertiary Care Centre, Belagavi.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 78 people with stage 2 hypertension were included in the study. For 2 weeks, the patients were randomly assigned to receive either music therapy or aromatherapy in combination with aerobic exercise or merely aerobic exercise. The PSS was given to the participants before and after the intervention, and their BP was monitored with a mercury sphygmomanometer before and after the intervention.

Statistical Analysis:

Various statistical measures such as test of significance, SD, and mean were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The results were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The percentage of change seen in systolic BP (SBP) scores in Group A was 1.60, Group B was 3.44, and Group C was 1.57. The percentage of change seen in the diastolic BP (DBP) scores in Group A was 1.17, Group B was 2.81, and Group C was 1.48. The percentage of change seen in the PSS scores in Group A was 14.51, Group B was 22.17, and Group C was 16.47.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that combining music therapy and aerobic exercise showed a maximum reduction in SBP, DBP, and stress levels. Thus, music therapy with aerobic exercise can be used as an alternative treatment with medications to reduce BP in hypertensive patients.
Effect of Hemibridge with Ball and Balloon Exercise on Balance, Gait Speed, Fear of Fall, and Quality of Life in Elderly – A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Muragod Anil Rachappa , Paasi Shikha Vedprakash
Published: August 2023

Context:

Hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise causes co-contraction of the core, pelvic floor muscles, and lower limb muscles. However, limited data exist about the efficacy of these exercises in elderly individuals.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise on balance, gait speed, fear of falls, and quality of life in elderly individuals.

Settings and Design:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care center and old age homes.

Subjects and Methods:

Thirty-six (n = 36) elderly individuals were randomly allocated to the control and experimental groups. The control group received conventional balance training, while the experimental group received hemibridge with ball and balloon exercises with conventional balance training exercises. The outcome measures were the Timed-Up and Go test (TUG), 4-m gait speed (4MGS) test, Short Falls-Efficacy Scale (SFES), and RAND 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36). Both groups received treatment for 3 weeks with three sessions a week.

Statistical Analysis:

The test used for between-group analysis was the Mann–Whitney U-test and for within-group analysis was the Wilcoxon matched-pair test.

Results:

The between-group results for TUG, 4MGS test, and SFES for the experimental group showed a statistical significance compared to the control group. However, the results of the RAND SF-36 health survey for the experimental group were not statistically significant compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise with conventional balance exercises showed beneficial effects on balance, gait speed, fear of falls, and quality of life for the elderly.
Physiotherapy Interventions versus Surgical Interventions for Patients with Prolapsed Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (PLID): A Critical Review
Authors: Akter Parvin , Hassan Md Nazmul , Hossain Mohammad Anwar
Published: August 2023

The most common predisposing factor for low back pain is a prolapsed lumber intervertebral disc. It is the most prevalent symptom in the modern population, albeit it was formerly the ancient curse of society, and it affects 80% of the population at some time in their lives. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of physiotherapy versus surgery for patients with prolapsed intervertebral disc. A thorough search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PEDro was done. Randomized control trial and prospective cohort study relevant to physiotherapy versus surgery, physiotherapy management alone, surgery among the lumbar disc herniation patients were included. Studies that were written in English and came out between 2006 and 2018 were enlisted using inclusion criteria. For screening, identified similar types of articles, avoid duplicate articles, and finally compare and contrast 5 articles. In the short-term, according to the majority of the articles, surgery was more beneficial than conservative treatment. However, there was no discernible difference between physiotherapy and surgery after a long period of observation, and the re-operation rate after surgery was 3%–20% within the first 1–2 years. Physiotherapy intervention had no adverse effects, whereas surgery had some adverse effects. In all circumstances, physiotherapy intervention is more effective than surgery. Physiotherapy interventions should be prescribed in a structured way.
Prevalence of Pelvic Crossed Syndrome in Females with Primary Dysmenorrhea and its Impact on Physical Activity: An Observational Study
Authors: Mahishale Arati , Bhattarai Asmu
Published: August 2023

Context:

Pelvic crossed syndrome (PCS) often known as lower crossed syndrome, which is a clinical pattern of muscle imbalance around the pelvis, has been reported more frequently in females than males of the same age. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), which is another prevalent condition in females, is a leading cause of work absenteeism. As menstrual pain has been reported with change in musculoskeletal structure around the pelvis and lumbar area, this syndrome could be a missing link, which describes the severity of the condition, and may have an impact on physical activity.

Aims:

The objective of the current study is to find the prevalence of PCS in females with PD and its impact on physical activity.

Settings and Design:

This was an observational study undertaken in colleges of Belagavi City for a period of 6 months.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 305 females with PD were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. They were assessed for PCS using Thomas test and modified Schober’s test for muscle length and manual muscle testing grades for muscle strength, after which were subjected to Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.

Results:

The prevalence of PCS in females with PD is 28.5% with 44% of those experiencing severe PD, whereas 23% of those with moderate-to-severe PD. The impact of the same on physical activity was found significant with 67% of females with PD involving in only 1 h of physical activity for every 24 h.

Conclusions:

Pelvic cross syndrome affects physical activity significantly and is prevalent in 28.5% of females with PD.
Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among Information Technology Professionals Working from Home during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shobhika C. G. , Joshi Diker Dev
Published: August 2023

Context:

The COVID-19 outbreak has made working from home (WFH) the new way of working for information technology professionals. WFH can affect the well-being and productivity of employees with no remote work experience.

Aim:

The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among information technology professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting and Design:

Cross sectional on line survey was done with google form.

Materials and Methods:

A online survey was conducted by sending a burnout questionnaire consisting of 28 questions to the information technology professionals through the Google Forms and the data were collected and analyzed. A total of 125 information technology professionals participated in this study.

Statistical Analysis:

Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution was done to calculate the prevalence.

Results:

The findings of this study revealed that 39.2% of the population had moderate stress, 30.4% of the population had high stress, and 5.6% of the population had dangerous stress. This could be because of too much work allotted to finish, repetitive and monotonous work, change in the working environment, extended working hours, too much distraction, and social isolation.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that there is a high amount of stress among the information technology professionals and the higher rates of work-related stress may significantly increase the incidence of other health disorders.
Selection of Outcome Measures in Oncology Telerehabilitation in Post-COVID Times: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pattanshetty Renu B. , Athawale Vrushali Krushna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study is to emphasize the choice of appropriate outcome measures in oncology telerehabilitation during post-COVID times from December 2019 to January 2022. This systematic review was carried out on the studies published in the English literature retrieved from electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Pedro, and COCHRANE). Manual search was done on the reference list of the studies included. Studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria assessed through PEDro Rating Scale. Eleven studies were reviewed for the risk of bias. Clinical outcome measures were significantly improved after giving intervention through telerehabilitation services. There was increased in functional exercise capacity, decrease in anxiety score, and improvement in quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. The outcome measures are vital tools in evaluating cancer patients. This systematic review advocates the used of 6 min walk, timed up and go, and timed stair test to evaluate functional exercise capacity. Hospital anxiety and depression and generalized anxiety disorder scales for anxiety and depression, cancer related fatigue scale, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL, and functional assessment of cancer therapy scales for QOL as a outcome measures in oncology telerehabilitation. This systematic review provides a comprehensive view regarding the choice of outcome measures used in oncology telerehabilitation.
Relationship between Pelvic Inclination and Quadriceps Angle in Middle Aged Obese Individuals
Authors: Kumar Manish , Arya Pratiksha
Published: August 2023

Context:

Many studies have engrossed on correlating one or two biomechanical parameters related to the lower limb alignment factors but not many have taken into account the effect of increased body weight on the relationship between Q-angle and pelvic tilt.

Aim:

The present study aims to assess the changes in pelvic inclination angle (PIA) and quadriceps angle (Q-angle) in the different categories of body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, to find an association between PIA, Q-angle, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in different categories of BMI.

Setting and Design:

The Observational case control study was conducted on community dwelling individuals from Delhi NCR.

Subjects and Methods:

Two hundred and forty participants (120 participants of BMI score 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 (normal weight healthy individuals) and 120 participants of BMI score >25 kg/m2 (obese healthy individuals) were recruited on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. BMI, PIA, Q-angle, and WHR were assessed in the standing position.

Statistical Analysis:

Intra-class correlations of analysis was done using the Pearson correlation coefficient calculation for all the measured variables.

Results:

Significant higher mean values of PIA and Q-angle were observed in obese participants when compared with normal weight participants (P < 0.01). BMI was significantly positively correlated with PIA (P = 0.011) and Q-angle (P = 0.014) for obese population, whereas no significant association was found to normal weight healthy population. Similarly, statistically significant positive correlation was found between PIA and Q-angle (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The study concluded that increase in body weight is an important factor which influences the biomechanical alignment of kinematic chain segments of the lower quadrant of the body. Hence, it is very important to focus on proper biomechanical alignment and the whole lower extremity should be considered rather than a single segment as a factor, because one mechanical factor has the potential to compensate for or affected by another when functioning in the weight bearing position.
Immediate Effect of Mulligan’s Spinal Mobilization with Limb Movements on Straight Leg Raise Test in Patients with Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Naidu Shashwath P. , Srikantaiah Soni , Boyle Ruth
Published: August 2023

Context:

Lumbar radiculopathy is pain which starts from the lumbar spine and radiates to one or both lower limbs. Spinal mobilization with limb movement (SMWLM) has been proposed for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy by Brian Mulligan. Studies on SMWLM have found it to have positive effect in reducing radicular symptoms, but a comparative study of SMWLM versus sham mobilization is lacking to prove the beneficial effect of SMWLM since sham procedures more clearly differentiate the efficacy of an intervention.

Aims:

To compare the immediate effect of SMWLM with sham SMWLM on straight leg raise (SLR) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

Settings and Design:

Single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Subjects and Methods:

Twenty-eight participants with lumbar radiculopathy (mean age 40.2 ± 12.2 years) were included. The trial group (n = 14) received SMWLM and control group (n = 14) received sham SMWLM. In SMWLM a transverse glide was applied with the therapist thumb just lateral to the involved lumbar spinous process and the hip was taken into flexion. Sham SMWLM was given by placing thumb just lateral to the involved spinous process without applying any glide while the limb was taken into only 10° of hip flexion. The pre- and immediate post-SLR test angle and VAS was compared within each group and postvalues was compared between the two groups.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results:

Post intervention in the experimental group there was a significant increase in SLR test angle (P = 0.001) and reduction in VAS (P = 0.001) while in the control group only VAS decreased (P = 0.034). There was a significant difference between the groups in postintervention SLR test angle (P = 0.038) and VAS (P = 0.018).

Conclusion:

Through its biomechanical, neurophysiological effects, and marginal placebo effects, SMWLM can be used as an effective treatment technique for immediate improvement in pain-free SLR range in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.
Isolated Tubercular Abscess in Immunocompetent Children
Authors: Kundavaram Rajkumar , Singh Sourabh , Kumar Amber , Malik Shikha , Bhatt Girish Chandra
Published: August 2023

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common disease, especially in low-income countries, with a varied clinical spectrum involving multiple organs. Although liver abscess can be seen in 70% of patients with miliary tuberculosis, isolated tuberculous liver abscess (ILTA) is rare in immunocompetent children. Liver involvement, though seen in up to 70% of patients as a part of miliary TB, isolated tuberculous liver abscess (ITLA) is rare in 13 children.

Objective:

The present systematic review focuses on demographic parameters, clinical presentations, duration of antitubercular treatment, and the need for surgical intervention and recurrence in children with tuberculous liver abscess.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was done in major databases PubMed and Google Scholar using defined search terms encompassing case reports or case series on isolated tubercular liver abscess in children. The identified reports underwent screening by three different authors for inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of presentation was 9.5 (6.5) years, with a slightly higher prevalence in females (59%). The most common presenting symptom was fever (95%), followed by abdominal pain (68%). Hepatomegaly was seen in 90% of cases and jaundice in 16%. The median (IQR) duration of antitubercular treatment was 6 (4) months and surgical intervention was required for 14 (63%) children. The resolution time of the ITLA varied across the children, with a median (IQR) time being 2 (7) months.

Conclusion:

Pediatric tubercular liver abscess requires a high index of suspicion, particularly in endemic countries like India. Children with liver abscess should be evaluated for TB, if response to initial management is poor. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with systemic antitubercular treatment are associated with a favorable outcome.