bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STOCK ASSESSMENT OF COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO IN EUPHRATES RIVER, NEAR AL-MUSSAIB POWER STATION
Authors: MOHAMED A. R. M . , ALRUDAINY A. J. , ABBAS L. M.
Published: March 2023

The stock of common carp Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates river, near Al-Mussaib power station was studied from September 2002 to December 2003. A total of 766 specimens were collected, their total lengths ranged from 6.2 to 55.4cm and between 9-5500g in total weight. The catch rate was ranged between 8.4Kg/h in Summer to 30.2Kg/h in Spring. Length-weight relationship was W= 2.7 x 10-4 L 3.04. The lengths of fish were 23, 37, 48 and 54cm for the ages 1-4 years respectively. Growth and mortality parameters estimated were: Ld= 65cm, K= 0.26, Z= 1.02, M= 0.60 and F= 0.42. The exploitation rate (E) of carp was 0.41, lower than the optimum level. The values of Lc and Lm were 18cm and 27.1cm respectively and 55.3% of population was immature. A bimodal recruitment pattern of unequal strength was observed, the major contribution was 71.9% of the total recruits with a peak in May and the minor was contributed 28.1% with a peak in October.
CHANGES IN BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA (VALENCIENNES, 1844) FINGERLINGS UNDER THE EFFECT OF CHLOROFETE
Authors: AL-SAADI A. G. Y. , ALI T. S.
Published: March 2023

The present study has carried out to clarify the changes of blood parameters of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), responding to chlorofete effect under laboratory conditions, in the presence and absence of aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum (L.). Three concentrations used during chronic exposure time extended to (15days). Blood tests of (R. B. Cs., Hb, P.C.V.) were studied for fish exposed to concentration investigated. The hematological parameters decreased with the increasing of pesticide concentrations. Moreover, values of indices (M.C.V.) showed significant increase with the increasing of pesticide concentration, particularly at highest concentration used (3.8) mg/l during (5, 6 and 9) days with absence aquatic plant. However, apparent increasing of (M.C.H.) were observed at especially at concentration of (3.8) mg/l during (6 and 9) days of exposure time. Significant increasing were recoded in (M.C.V.) values for treatment aquatic plant during (7 and 10) days at concentration (3.8) mg\l and during (10) days for (M.C.H.). The present study showed nonsignificant reduction in (M.C.H.C.) values for both treatments with and without aquatic plant.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE FISHERIES IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE TIGRIS RIVER, NORTH QURNA, BASRAH, IRAQ
Authors: MOHAMED A. R. M. , AL-NOOR S. S. , FARIS R. A. K.
Published: March 2023

The fisheries of the lower reaches of Tigris river, north Qurna in Basrah Governorate have been analyzed during the period from January to December 2005. The fishing boats used there varied in lengths form 5 to 10m, of which 50% were motorized with 25-75 HP. Seine and drift gill nets are the main fishing gears used, their lengths ranged from 100 to 200m with mesh sizes of 14-100mm and 7-32mm for seine and gill nets respectively. The number of fishermen in each boat varied from 1 to 7. Twenty three fish species were recorded caught in the area, of which eight were marine species, belonging to twelve fish families, in addition to shrimps. The total catches ranged from 629Kg in January - march to 3335Kg in July- September with total catch of 7671Kg. Three species namely catfish Silurus triostegus, crucian carp Carassius carassius and khishni Liza abu comprised 86.93% of the total catches constituting 69.65%, 11.02% and 6.26%, respectively. The average catch per unit of effort was 19.8 Kg/hr/100m for seine nets and 2.42 Kg/hr/100m for gill nets. The diversity and evenness indices for biomass were 1.0 and 0.33, respectively, in July-September and 1.5 and 0.52, respectively, in October-December. The highest similarity index of species composition was between April-June and July-September (87%), and lowest between April-June and January-March (63%).
REPLACING OF SOYA BEANS BY DUCK WEED (LEMNA GIBBA) IN THE DIETS OF FRY OF COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)
Authors: Saleh J. H.
Published: March 2023

Soya bean was replaced in ratio of 20% and 40% by a dry duck weed in the diet of common carp fry under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the fry which fed on duck weeds gives a final total length of 40.15mm, final wet weight of 1.105 gm and final increase of weight was 0.966gm. The group of larvae which fed on soya bean recorded 37.230 mm, 0.750 gm and 0.618 gm respectively.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN ALWND RIVER – IRAQ
Authors: ISMAIL ABBAS M. , HASSAN FIKRAT MAJEED
Published: March 2023

The seasonal variations in algal compositions quantitatively and qualitatively have been studied for two stations in Alwnd River, represented before and after passing Khanqeen city through eight months starting in December 2000. A total of 123 phytoplankton taxa were identified, dominated by diatoms (63 species) followed by greens (34 species), blue-greens (15 species) and 11 species for other groups. The total cell number of phytoplankton ranged between 34565 and 37940 cell/cm3 in both stations with two peaks in spring and summer. The higher density of cell number and species was recorded in the second station during the studied period.
Growth of black molly Poecilia sphenops (Poecilidae: Pisces) Reared in closed recirculating water system
Authors: Al-Faiz Nawras A. A. , Khamees Najim R. , Jasim Basim M.
Published: March 2023

The experiment was conducted study the effect of temperature and food composition on growth, food conversion efficiency, food conversion rate and quantity of food intake by larvae of black molly Poecilia sphenops in closed recirculating water system Three types of food were employed. The first (I) was live food, brine shrimp Artemia, the second (II) was experimental artificial diet and the third (III) was commercial diet. The three diets were served under two temperature: (28±1°C and 22±1°C). Results showed that under temperature 28±1°C, the total weight increment and relative growth rate were 2.98-5.87 g and 1865.62- 3671.87 respectively. In the temperature 22±1°C these values were significantly lower (p<0.05). The I and II higher values than treatments III with significant difference (p<0.05) in both thermal degrees. In the temperature (22±1°C) the food conversion rate and efficiency rate attained 2.052 and 48.746 respectively in treatment II which were higher than that of treatment III (2.686 and 37.220 respectively), the two items were greater in temperature 28±1°C, and at treatment II (1.662 and 60.177 respectively) in comparison with the treatment III (2.220 and 45.064 respectively), the treatment II higher values than III with significant difference(p<0.05) in both degrees. The food intake larger in the 28±1°C than degree 22±1°C with significant difference for both treatments II and III, food intake in treatment II was larger significantly (p<0.05) than III at degree 22±1°C and non significantly (p>0.05) at degree 28±1°C.
MIXED EFFECT OF SOME OF HEAVY METALS ON SURVIVAL OF FISH LIZA ABU (HICKEL 1843)
Authors: AL-DOGHACHI M.A.R.
Published: March 2023

Effect some of heavy metals ( Copper , Lead , Zinc) on survival of fish Liza abu (Hickel ) have been studied and compared with mixed effect of two elements in same concentrations (1 , 3, 5) ppm. Synergism effect observed on mixed of (Cu + Pb , Cu + Zn ) while Antagonism effect at mixture of (Zn + Pb) . All of these effects order as follows : Cu + Zn> Cu + Pb > Pb + Zn.
Seasonal variations on the phytoplankton in Alwnd River – Iraq
Authors: Ismail Abbas Murtadaha , Hassan Fikrat Majeed
Published: March 2023

The seasonal variations in algal compositions quantitatively and qualitatively have been studied for two stations in Alwnd River, represented before and after passing Khanqeen city during eight months starting December 2000. A total of 123 phytoplankton taxa were identified, dominated by diatoms (63 species) followed by greens (34 species), blue-greens (15 species) and 11 species for other groups. The total cell number of phytoplankton was ranged between 34565 and 37940 cell/cm3 in both stations with two peaks in spring and summer. The higher density of cell number and species was recorded in the second station during the studied period.
Survey of fish enemies from three fish farms in Iraq III. Impacts of predaceous water birds on cultivated fishes
Authors: Sadek. A. Hussein  , Salem N. K. , Abed J. M.
Published: March 2023

The present investigation concerned with a thorough survey on the serious impact of the predaceous water birds from three selected fish farms in the country, namely Al- Manahel fish farm (presently called Al-Beilad) in Babylon province, Basrah University/ Marine Science Center fish farm and Al-Mutawaa fish farm. The latter two are situated in Basrah governorate. Samples were collected on monthly basis for the period from January to October 2002. Impacts of water birds on stocks of cultivated fish species and other faunal components was detected. Stomach of seven species of water birds, namely, herring gull (Larus argentatus), black headed gull (L. ridibundus), slender billed gull (L. genei), little gull (L. minutus), great white heron (Egretta alba ), little egret (E. garzetta) and cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) were examined to calculate food consumption. The study reveals that herring gull occupied first rank in Al–Manahel fish farm followed by cormorant which occupied first rank in Basrah University farm. Fishes formed 100% in food of cormorant, herring gull, black headed gull and slender billed gull. Shrimp was detected in food of little gull and little egret while frogs were consumed by great white heron and little egret. Cormorant occupied first rank in food menu for each birds followed by herring gull and slender billed gull.
Processing of Protein Concentrate from Some Poultry Wastes
Authors: El-Hassoon Ahmed Shihab Hamad
Published: March 2023

The present study aims to utilize the poultry wastes (heads & legs of chicken) in the production of protein concentrate. The chemical contents and functional properties of the final processed product were evaluated. The chemical method had been used in protein concentrate processing which included digestion of raw materials with 5 % HCl at pH 4. The chemical composition of dried poultry refusals were 46.38% protein ( N×6.25), 22.34 % fat and 8.46 % ash, while that for the processed. Protein concentrates were 77.81 % protein (N×6.25), 6.75% fat and 10.20 % ash. The obtained yield was 39.4 %. The processed product is characterized with brown color and acceptable light chicken smell, and also showed good strong stability after 90 days of storage at 28 ºC, 10 ºC and -4 ºC without objectionable changes in both color and smell. The processed product also had low total bacterial counts which were 424, 405 and 387 CFU/ gm after 90 days for the above degrees respectively, as well as c. form bacteria was not detected. The total volatile nitrogen bases (TVNB) were 8.8, 8.7 and 8.3 mg N/100 gm, while TBA values were 0.288, 0.288 and 0.283 mg melon aldehyde / kg at the same above mentioned storage temperature respectively.
FISH FARMING ACTIVITY IN MAYSAN GOVERNORATES
Authors: Jabir A. A. , Youns K.H. , AL Mossawy M.H .
Published: March 2023

A field survey had been done for 41 fish farms in the districts of Maysan governorate during 2008.The Results showed that the highest number of fish farms was at the centre of the city of Amarah and Alkahala(24.4%). The highest number of fish farms (16) was established during 2007.The total area of the fish farms is 1262.5donam (donam= 1/4 hectare). The largest water area was found in Almejar (853 donam= 67.5%) and the lowest area in Almaemona (13 donam= 2.44%.). The number of farms with area less than 10 donam were 26 farms (63.4%). The highest number recorded in Almaemona district (30.8%), while the farms less than 50 donam were 13 farms (31.7%). Only one farm more than 100 donam was found in the district of Almejar. The highest proportion of dyke pond farms was in the district of Almejar (16.66%). Three methods were used to fill the ponds were diesel pumps, electricity and runoff, with a proportion of 57.4%, 33.33%, 9.25% respectively. The pliers for the fingerlings were either the hatchery of Marine Sciences Centre(25%), Al Suwayrah Hatchery(51%), farmer ponds or the environment. Highest number of farmed fish was 1181100 fish of C.carpio (84.5% of the total number).
Using the natural live food in feeding of Al- Gattan larvae (Barbus xanthopterus Heckel)
Authors: Ghazi Abdul-Hussein H.
Published: March 2023

This study showed that the natural food could be used successfully in the rearing of Al- Gattan larvae (Barbus xanthopterus). Some types of life food were collected by by different nets, the collection site was a fish pond manure by liquid cow manure. The life food was used for the feeding of Gattan larvae and compared with artificial food coming to these pond liquid manures of cows. At the end of experiment (28 days), the results showed the average weight and length of larvae when fed on rotifer were 25.6 mg / larvae and 29.3 mm / larvae respectively. While the lowest average weight and length were for the larvae which fed on artificial food, 12.4 mg / larvae and 18.5 mm / larvae respectively. The survival rate for larvae fed on rotifer; phytoplankton and artificial food were 85, 79 and 65 % respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of new biodegradable polymers and study of some properties in phosphate buffers
Authors: Khalf Husein N. , Swaadi Ali K. , Muhseen Raheem J.
Published: March 2023

Copolymers between polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol, also alganic acid and polyethylene glycol were synthesized and disocynate (MDI) were prepared and characterized. Swelling behaviors and loss of weight of these polyurethanes were studied by immersion of the gels in various buffer solutions. Particularly the polyurethane foam showed the highest EWC (equilibrium water constant) in timedependent and pH-dependent swelling.
The effect of water currents on the movement behaviour of the Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
Authors: Al maliky Tariq Hataab Yasein
Published: March 2023

The present study showed the effect of water currents (0.20 – 0.25 m\sec.) on the movement behaviour of Macrobrachium nipponense during 2 and 24 hour periods inclusive of weight group five (g) . In the first period, the results indicated that group one (0.10 – 0.49 g) aggregated towards the water currents or contrary currents by the relative percentage of 64.47 & 35.33 % , where as the groups were distributed in the following sequences : two , three and four 44 & 56 , 40.67 & 59.33 and 38 & 62 % , respectively . But the results of group five were 3.33 & 96.67 % . However, the results of the second period for the five groups were : 38 & 62 , 27.33 & 72.67 , 22 & 78 , 19.33 & 80.67 and 13.33 & 86.67 % , respectively . The distribution of these age-groups determined at different parts of the tank .
Developed method for producing fish protein concentrate from marine fish tongue sole Cynoglossus bilineatus
Authors: Al-Hassoon Ahmed Shihab , Al-Faiez Nawres AbdulGhany , Al-Hamdany Qusay Hamid
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to produce fish protein concentrate from marine fish Cynoglossus bilineatus, the fish brought from local Basrah market and dried in the oven at 025 °C for 06 h. The chemical composition of the dried fish were 48.62 % protein (N×6.25), 19.49 % fat and 19.95 % ash, while for the processed protein concentrate were 79.56 % protein (N×6.25), 6.38 % fat and 9.51 % ash. The obtain yield was 67.58 % of dried fish. The processed product characterized with light brown and acceptable fishy smell, and also showed good strong stability after 90 days of storage regarding to TVNB, TBA and total bacterial count at 28 °C, 10 °C and -4 °C without objectionable changes in color and smell. The processed product also had low total bacterial count which was 487, 481 and 462 CFU/gm for the temperatures and storage time above respectively, as well as, coliform bacteria was not detected. The total volatile nitrogen bases were 8.4, 8.2 and 8.0 mg N/ 100 gm, while the TBA were 0.628, 0.266 and 0.263 mg malon aldehyd / kg for the same temperatures and storage time respectively.
The effect of Copper and Zinc (single and combined) on gill, kidney and muscle of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella juvenile
Authors: Hashem Amina A. , Hasan Balkes K. , Maki Rajaa N.
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out to look for the effect of each copper and zinc on survival of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella juvenile and to compare these effects with the combined effects of a mixture of both copper and zinc in same concentration (0.1, 0.5) ppm for 15 days. The results of the study revealed that there is mortality has increased among the juvenile of grass carp with increasing of concentration of the metals and with exposure of them to combination mixture .In addition the bioaccumulation and recovery of both metals were studied in gill, kidney, and muscle. It was reported that the highest bioaccumulation and recovery was in the gill, kidney and muscle respectively.
Check of the taxonomy of freshwater fishes of Iraq
Authors: Al-Faisal Abbas Jasim
Published: March 2023

Taxonomic studies on freshwater fishes of Iraq were reviewed. Considerable differences in number of species that have been recorded in Iraqi freshwater were noticed, the number ranged from 44 to 70 species. The difference might be due to recording of synonyms or incorrect records. The continuous record of new species on various periods may have contributed to such variation. Thirty eight species, mainly cyprinids, fell into the disagreement category. A final list of the species which have received majority agreement was proposed with a total of 53 species and 12 families.
Variance salinity concentrations effects on survival, growth and feeding of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings
Authors: Al-Faiz Nawras A. , Jabir Amer A. , Yesser Abdul- Karim T.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of direct transportation of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings to salt solution of 4, 6, 8 and 12 g / L concentrations from a control solution of 2.2 g / L on growth and nutrition. The high mortality 100 % occurs during the first 24 hours at 8 and 12 g / L solution respectively. No fish mortality occurred at the treatment of 4 and 6 g / L during the same period. Statistical analysis of final weight, weight increase, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and relative growth rate showed no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatment 4 g / L and the control, but the treatment of 6 g / L exhibited significant different (P<0.05) with the control. The values of food intake for the body weight reached 3.59, 3.01 and 2.39 % for the treatments control, 4 g / L and 6 g / L respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05).
Artificial Propagation of Gattan (Barbus xanthopterus Heckel) in Basrah- Iraq
Authors: Al Mukhtar Mustafa A. , Jaber Jasim H. Amer A. , Alzaidi Faleh M. , Hassan Auda M. , Hussoni Khalid H. , Ghani Sajad A. , Al Shawei Nasir H.
Published: March 2023

Gattan (Barbus xanthopterus Heckel) was artificially propagated in marine science center fish hatchery- University of Basrah, During Spring 2009. The brooders were collected from Al-Huwaizah Marsh (which were bring in to the hatchery directly) and Al-Therthar reservoir (which were reared in earthen ponds). The efforts to collect brooders from Al- Kut dam were failed, because of water shortage. The brooders ranged between 1500-6500 gr in weight and II-V year age. The gonads of Al- Huwaizah marsh brooders were in good maturity stage, The GSI was ranged between 3.66-11.03%, and in ripe maturity stage, while the brooder's gonads of Al-Therthar reservoir were in developing stage, with GSI ranged between 1.1-1.3 %, and this result was agreed with the previous studies. "Aquacalm" substance was used for sedation; it was found that the best concentration for the sedation of Gattan was 1 ppm. The best treatment for the induced spawning of Gattan was the Carp pituitary gland extract (CPG), with a dosage of 6 mg/ kg, in two injections, each with 3 mg/kg, with 12 h interval. Two fishes from Al- Therthar reservoir were responding to this treatment, with weight of 1750 and 1500g. 350 g of good quality eggs was obtained from the first fish. All the males give small quantity of milt the milt was added to the eggs without water for mixing. Then the eggs were covered with water for. Fertilization rate was 88%. The fertilized eggs washed with water only, from brooders rearing tank for 20min. Then incubated in Zoug jars with a rate off 70 g / jar, incubation temperature ranged between 22- 24°C. The hatching completed after 72 h, with 80 % hatching rate. The larvae start feeding after three days; it reached weight of 5.3 ± 0.80 during the first ten days. The larvae were reared in floating cages. The daily growth was 1.94 mg during the 21 days of rearing. During this period it reached a weight of 48 mg and 23 mm in length.
Effect of different levels of poultry offal concentrate and soybean meal on the growth rates of common carp larvae Cyprinus carpio (L.)
Authors: Al-Hasoon Ahmed Shihab
Published: March 2023

Effect of different levels of poultry offal concentrate (POC) and soybean meal (SM) on the growth rates of common carp larvae Cyprinus carpio had been studied, 360 larvae were distributed in 9 plastic 10 liter containers divided to three treatments with three replicates for each one, 40 larvae were put in every replicate (10 larvae \ L), the larvae were fed three diets for 35 days, the diets percentage were (25:75), (50:50) and (75:25) from (POC) and (SM) respectively. The body weight, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion rate and survival rate were measured, it has been found that the best survival rate, relative growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate was in the 2nd treatment, it was 82 %, (77.9 ±1.22) %, (1.65 ±0.021) % and 3.0±0.1 respectively, there was a significant differences (P<0.05) between the different feeding treatments.
A taxonomical and environmental study of the genus Brachionus (Rotifera: Monogononta) (Pallas, 1776) in Al-Hammer marsh, south of Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Huda K. , Ghazi Abdulhusein H.
Published: March 2023

Samples of Rotifera genus Brachionus were collected from Al-Barka and Al-Nagara region in Al- Hammar Marsh, South of Iraq. Remarks on the taxonomy were notes on 6 species of the genus and a monthly density of each species were recorded during the study period from Feb-2006 to Jan-2007.The highest value of total density was 2.78 ind /l recorded in May -2006, whereas the lowest value was 0.01 ind /l and reported in March-2006.
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) وأھميتھا في الاستزراع المائي البحري Rachycentridae,
Authors: المختار مصطفى احمد
Published: March 2023

(1766,Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus , أسماك السكن
The effect of irrigation with fish pond waste water on the quality and yield of tomato under green houses
Authors: Dali M. , Soleiman N. C. , Saad A. Saad
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out during the seasons of 2008_2009 to study effect of irrigation with fish culture effluent on quality and Lycopersicum esculentum (under green house) yield of tomato. The experiment consisted of four treatments: Irrigation with freshwater. (control), irrigation with fish culture effluent, irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent twice and freshwater once, irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once. The experiment was done according to the completely randomized block design with four replicates. Soil and water samples were collected and analyzed. Results of the study showed: The irrigation in waste water fish ponds adds positive effect on quality and yield of Tomato under green house. This effect of water was on the irrigation with fishculture effluent increase the yield 17.82 Kg/m2 firstly followed by the treatment of irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent twice and freshwater once by yielding 15.47 Kg/m2. After that it was on irrigation alternately with fish culture effluent once and freshwater once by yielding 12.42 Kg/m2 comparing with-irrigation of freshwater. Which give lower yield 8.88 Kg/m2.
Feeding habits of Chondrichthian Mustelus Mustelus - Smoothhound : Triakidae- in Syrian marine water
Authors: Ali Malek Fares , Saad Adib Saad , Kurbaj Haitham Kurbaj
Published: March 2023

This study was performed on the smoothhound shark: Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758), during the period between December 2005 and April 2009, in the Eastern Levant along the Syrian coast. A total of 222 specimens examined (143 females, 79 males) discerned: The monthly sampling showed: the Smoothhound shark, M. mustelus were normally caught throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, at fishing sites from Raas Albassit to Tartus city (34º. 40΄and 35º.80΄ N, 35º.70΄and 36º.05΄ E) of the Syrian coast, from shallow water to depth 250 m. The coefficient of void of total specimens stomachs was high (C.V=61.7 %), values were almost equal between males and females, the higher value recorded for adult females (C.V =62.5 %). The prey items belong to three collections: (Bony fish, Crustaceans, and Mollusks), bony fish occupy the first position for: Coefficient of feeding (Q=1560.4), Frequency of prey index (91.8 %), Gravimetric percentage of prey index (C.P=38.6 %). Crustaceans came in the first position for Numerical Percentage of Prey Index (C.N=45.6 %).
Species composition of fishes assemblage in shatt Al-Basrah canal, South of Iraq
Authors: Younis K. H. , AL-Shamary A. CH.
Published: March 2023

The fish assemblage structure in Shatt AL-Basrah canal was described during the period June 2008–June 2009. Two stations were chosen, the first at the upper reaches of the Canal south to the regulation Dam and the second station located near AL-Zubair Bridge. We collected 51 species belonging to Osteichthyes and two species to Chondrichthyes.The number of species collected was 38 species in both stations. The total number of individuals collected was 8216 in the first station and 2969 fish in the second station. The Similarity index in the species composition of the fish assemblage was 49% between the two stations. Diversity (H), Evenness (J) and Richness (D) of the fish assemble was respectively 2.57, 0.71, 4.63 in the first station .while at the second station was lower 2.06, 0.57, 4, 10 respectively.
د ا رسة تأثیر عملیتي النقل و التخزین على اصبعیات أسماك الكارب الشائع المعدة للتربیة في الأقفاص الشبكیة العائمة Cyprinus carpio (L.) في مزرعة سد 16 تشرین، اللاذقیة، سوریة
Authors: حسن محمد توفیق
Published: March 2023

یربى الكارب في سوریة بشكل رئیس في الأحواض الت ا ربیة وفي الأقفاص العائمة، حیث تعد هذه الأخیرة من ط ا رئق التربیة الناجحة من خلال استغلال تجمعات المیاه الطبیعیة بشكل كثیف بالاعتماد على التغذیة الصناعیة بالأعلاف المحببة الجافة طیلة فترة التربیة. وقد دلت بعض الد ا رسات على أن أسماك الكارب تمتلك قدرة عالیة على تحمل الإجهاد ج ا رء التشتیة ما یدل على قدرة تكیف استقلابیة ،(Polednik et al., 2008; Ruane et al., 2002) تجاه هذا الإجهاد. كما أوضحت بعض الد ا رسات التي أجریت في سوریة على أسماك الكارب الشائع في الأقفاص العائمة، على أن لعملیة التشتیة تأثیر سلبي، حیث أدت إلى تناقص في أو ا زن هذه الأسماك، وأثرت بالتالي على المردود الاقتصادي لعملیة التربیة (حسن وعیسى، قید النشر). أكدت د ا رسات أخرى بأن لعملیتي النقل والتخزین تأثیر كبیر على أسماك الكارب، إذ تسبب هاتان العملیتان مع عوامل أخرى، تغی ا رت فیزیولوجیة هامة (الغلوكوز، الكورتیزول مثلا")، ما یؤدي في كثیر ;Erikson et al., 1997, Barton et al., من الأحیان إلى نفوق الأسماك( 1980 ما ت ا زل الد ا رسات حول تأثیر .(Dobsikova et al., 2009 ; Svobodova et al., 1999 العملیات التي تسبق عملیة زرع الاصبعیات على نمو سمك الكارب، نادرة في سوریة، لذا فقد كان الهدف من هذا البحث هو د ا رسة تأثیر عملیتي النقل والتخزین والفرز على اصبعیات الكارب المعدة للتربیة في أقفاص عائمة، وعلى المردود الاقتصادي لتربیة سمك الكارب، في أقفاص شبكیة عائمة في بحیرة سد 16 تشرین في محافظة اللاذقیة.
Literature review on fish parasites of Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, Iraq
Authors: Mhaisen Furhan T. , Al-Niaeem Khalidah S. , Al-Zubaidy Ali B.
Published: March 2023

The paper reviews all the reports concerning the parasitic fauna of the three species of carps cultured in Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, mid Iraq. These fishes included the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as the mullet (Liza abu) found in the same farm. The parasitic fauna included 60 valid parasite species: ten protozoans, three myxozoans, 29 monogeneans, one trematode, five cestodes, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans, six crustaceans and one mollusc. The common carp was found to harbour 56 species of parasites, the grass carp 25 species, the silver carp 25 species and the mullet six species. The parasitic species were revised and some were synonymised in accordance with latest internet taxonomical accounts. A host- parasite list was prepared for each host species which included all documented literature concerned with this farm.
Reproductive biology of Gattan females Barbus xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843) used for artificial breeding in Fish Hatchery of Marine Science Center
Authors: AI-Lamy Jinan Hassan , AI zaidi Faleh Mousa , AI-Mudhaffar Raja Abd Ali , Awfi Layla Abboud
Published: March 2023

Some aspects of reproductive biology of Gattan Barbus xanthopterus females were studied from 15-30 March, 2009. These fishes were coughed from Huweiza Marsh, Southern Iraq and from Therthar Reservoir, Western Iraq, and used for artificial breeding in Marine Science Center Hatchery. Total lengths ranged between 550-806 mm, total weights ranged between 3100-7250 g, and their age ranged from 3-6 years. It had been found that all examined ovaries were in ripe stage that means females cached from Huweiza Marsh were ready for artificial breeding and possess suitable (3.64- 11.03) gonado somatic index (GSI), while females collected from Therthar Reservoir had low GSI (1.15-1.33). Average of eggs diameters was 1.56 mm for fish of 550 mm total length and 3400 g, while it was 2.09 mm for fish of 802 mm total length and 7005 g. However, generally there was positive relationship between total lengths and eggs diameters with no significant correlation (r = o.47, P<0.01). Absolute fecundity for Gattan was ranged between 1494191-518650 eggs, and relative fecundity was between 85.8-286.2 egg/g, while there was low positive relation between absolute fecundity and total fish weight with no significant correlation (r= 0.33, P<0.01).
Sand Harvesting, Environmental Degradation and Livelihoods in North Rift Kenya
Authors:   Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, Milka Psiwa , Mulongo Leonard Simiyu ,   Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, Kurgat Alice ,   Department of Sociology, Psychology and Anthropology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Published: March 2023

In Kenya, thousands of households rely on sand harvesting as their main source of livelihood. Sand harvesting is common in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid areas, but left uncontrolled it depletes water catchment areas, and thus, the need to promote sustainability by striking a balance between it and environmental conservation. This paper illustrates how sand harvesting is affecting the environment in West Pokot County. Findings indicate that sand scooping reduces surface water quality and quantity 251(61%), leads to river bed degradation 311(87.4%), sand harvesting increases erosional valleys 308(86.6%), there is contamination of water and scarcity of water due to sand harvesting 289(81.1%), sand harvesting affects the flow of the river downstream 280(78.7%), reduces land for farming 145(40.7%), storage of sand causes destruction of vegetation cover 214(60%) and destruction of the forest cover 206(48%). The paper concludes that sand harvesting is accompanied by disastrous environmental effects, which raises questions on the cost-benefits and sustainability of the sand harvesting activities in the study area. Consequently, the paper recommends for measures to be put in place to surmount the hazardous environmental effects and enhance the multiplier effects of sand harvesting on livelihood security.
Water, Culture and the SDGs as Living History
Authors: Hein Carola
Published: March 2023

At a time of climate change, sea level rise, flooding, drought, and changing groundwater and rainwater patterns, water managers need to adjust their current practices and develop new approaches. Technological innovation remains a key element in adaptation and mitigation; but technological innovation is not enough. Changing water patterns will affect everyone and every structure. How we manage water depends on local conditions, spatial and social developments and cultures as well as decisions of the past. That is why water management needs to go hand in hand with sustainable practices that are connected to the context of specific places, social systems and cultures and their changes over time.

Sustainable development also requires recognizing the long-term impact of buildings and human-made structures. They may have been erected in the past for specific purposes and functions that have disappeared or are no longer welcome, yet the buildings and landscapes still exist. Sometimes they are valued cultural heritage; sometimes they are considered a nuisance, standing in the way of future development. Finally, water managers and other decision-makers may need new tools and methodologies for a holistic approach to sustainable development, which accounts for local particularities, achieves buy-in from society at large, and acknowledges historic path dependencies. As a first step toward such an approach, this chapter reflects on the UN Sustainable Development Goals through the lens of water and culture.
The “Who” And “What” Of Water Ethics
Authors: Doorn Neelke
Published: March 2023

Water consumption and freshwater supplies are unevenly shared worldwide, while droughts and floods as extreme climate events are becoming more common. Water challenges cannot be addressed by technical means only. We must reflect on the trade-offs between economic and environmental concerns, and identify which water-related risks to prioritize. Thus, water ethics become an important analytical key in posing two critical questions: what values are at stake when we address the world’s water challenges, and who is affected by these water challenges? This links to questions of responsibility: to the extent that these water challenges are related to past behavior, the “past” may create a responsibility to address these present challenges, including when they materialize in other regions.
On the Frontline of Climate Change
Authors: Iwabuchi Akifumi
Published: March 2023

Stone tidal weirs are not just relics of the past; they also serve as a guide to future sustainable marine ecological conservation. They symbolize the ability of humans to adapt, use, and live in balance and harmony with the ocean environment. Situated along intertidal or coastal zones, these stone tidal weirs are on the frontline of climate impact and are often abandoned as the local community cannot afford the costs of repair. This has led to loss of this valuable traditional resource management system that contributes to tangible and intangible heritage of coastal communities, as well as to culture and biodiversity.
Editorial Issue 1/2022
Authors: Hein Carola , D’Agostino Matteo , Donkor Carlien , Lin Queenie , Sennema Hilde , Sliwinska Zuzanna
Published: March 2023

The Blue Papers journal provides a platform for the growing network, with the first issues launched in time for the UN 2023 Water Conference in New York, 22–24 March 2023, which coincides with the Midterm Review of the UN Water Action Decade. A growing number of people have come to realize that valuing water needs to go beyond technological, political and economic changes. The conference provides the background for a broad exploration of the role that culture, heritage and social practices play in current water challenges, and those they can play to support future inclusive and sustainable development. This requires an advanced engagement with the social, cultural and intrinsic value of water, by creating a new embedded water awareness 2.0.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN UNTUK MENYUSUN DAN MENGUKUR RASIO PROFITABILITAS
Authors: Muhamad Sidik  , Nailin Niklis
Published: March 2023

The development of technology today has become something that is universal and can be used in various human lives. One of them is in business. In today's era, it is undeniable that a computer is a component that must be owned by a company in running its business, in order to assist in processing data and help improve the quality of work and quality in service. In this case, Toko Maju Jaya is used as a place of research, because in this place the system that is carried out is still manual and has not been managed properly, so errors often occur in making reports and in processing stock items. The purpose of this study is to provide convenience during the processing of sales, purchase transactions, goods data, supplier data and customer data, minimizing errors in recording.

The research method used in this research is using the R&D (Research and Development) method. This method is used to produce a certain product that is analytical and can be tested for effectiveness so that it can be used in the wider community. In designing the system the tools used are Flowcharts, Entity Relationship Diagrams and Context Diagrams, while for data collection using observations, interviews, and literature studies. The database application development tool uses MySQL and the programming language uses Visual Basic 6.0. With this information system transaction data processing can be done computerized so as to reduce errors in reporting.
PENGARUH IKLAN TERHADAP MINAT BELI KOSMETIK WARDAH DI KELURAHAN PENANAE KOTA BIMA
Authors: Nur Islamiah  , Tasrif  , Irham
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iklan terhadap minat beli produk Wardah di Kelurahan Penana’e Kota Bima. Iklan tentang produk wardah diambil sebagai objek yang diteliti melalui penentuan rumusan masalah dari latar belakang yang dimuat dalam penelitian  ini.  Dengan  melihat  minat  beli  masyarakat  Penana’e  terhadap  produk  Wardah sebagai bahan yang digunakan untuk kecantikan dan daya tarik bagi perempuan. Kesadaran ini lahir dari iklan wardah yang ditayangkan melalui televisi untuk menarik minat konsumen agar membeli dan menggunakanya. Sebagaimana Wardah merupakan salah satu produk unggulan yang digunakan oleh sebagian masyarakat di Penana’e khususnya wanita. Cara khusus yang dilakukan penulis untuk mengungkap hasil penelitian yakni dengan cara menganalisa hasil data statistik yang dirancang dari indikator dan konsep, teori tentang variabel x dengan variabel y. Dua variabel ini telah diuji dengan melihat hasil nilai menggunakan analisis distibusi frekuensi dan pengolahan data melalui SPSS. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, kuesioner dan dokumentasi dalam pendekatakan kuantitatif. Bahwa melihat pengaruh variabel iklan   terhadap   variabel   minat   beli   untuk   menguji   hipotesis   H1   dengan   Hipotesis   Ha. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat Iklan pada kosmetik wardah memiliki daya tarik yang tinggi sehinga secara langsung menimbulkan minat beli konsumen pada kosmetik wardah tersebut, menjawab semua rumusan masalah pada penelitian dan tujuan dari penelitian dengan mengunakan satu media iklan yaitu iklan televisi. Di sisi lain terdapat pengaruh variabel iklan terhadap variabel minat beli. Didapat nilai sebanyak 12, 9 %, artinya hipotesis Ha diterima dan Hipotesis H0 ditolak. Dari data tersebut terdapat pengaruh iklan terhadap minat beli produk wardah di Kelurahan Penana’e Kota Bima.
BOGOR RADAR MEDIA STRATEGY IN MAINTAINING ITS PRINT MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL ERA
Authors: Febria Adha Larasati  , Ditha Dzakiyah Meiliani Putri  , Reynaldi Agustin
Published: March 2023

The main problem raised in this research is the strategy of print media in the digital era (Radar Bogor). The formulation of the problem discussed in this study is how the Radar Bogor print media survives in the digital era. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of Radar Bogor in implementing its strategy. The research method used is a qualitative research method that describes the adaptation of print media to globalization in order to continue to exist in the digital era. The resource persons in this study were the media staff of Radar Bogor. Data was collected by means of interviews. The results of research on Radar Bogor show that (1) as a form of  expression  for  Radar  Bogor  companies  in  responding  to  globalization,  namely  trying  to maximize the use of technology by presenting their products on the website. Compared to print media, online media is more practical, and with sufficient internet quota, readers will find it easier to  enjoy  journalistic products from  Radar Bogor. (2)  a  strategy for marketing  and raising the media's profile by promoting it online as well as at thematic events tailored to national holidays.The media also strives to strengthen the quality of journalists and form a strong work team for internal marketing within the company. (3) To be more accountable for news products, the media is obliged to balance the news in each article. It is intended that the media have valid and quality data.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI HUBUNGAN MASYARAKAT (HUMAS) PALANG MERAH INDONESIA (PMI) KOTA BIMA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK DONOR DARAH
Authors: Aini Annisya
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini berjudul Strategi Komunikasi Hubungan Masyarakat (Humas) Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bima Dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat Untuk Donor Darah. Rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam pembahasan ini yaitu, Bagaimana starategi komunikasi hubungan masyarakat (Humas) Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bima dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk donor darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui starategi komunikasi hubungan masyarakat (Humas) Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Kota Bima dalam meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk donor darah.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis terhadaps sejumlah variable penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, maka hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: Hubungan masyarakat atau Public relations adalah suatu usaha yang sengaja dilakukan, direncanakan secara berkesinambungan untuk menciptakan saling pengertian antara sebuah lembaga/institusi dengan masyarakat. Aktivitas public relations adalah menyelenggarakan komunikasi timbal balik antara lembaga dengan publik yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan saling pengertian dan dukungan bagi tercapainya suatu tujuan tertentu, kebijakan, kegiatan produksi, demi kemajuan lembaga atau citra positif organisasi dan tujuan organisasi terhadap membangun kesadaran masyarakat untuk melakukan donor darah.

Saran diajukan untuk menampung pendapat dan masukan dari masyarakat luas terhadap pelayanan dan fasilitas organisasi, akan lebih baik jika public relations PMI mengaktifkan forum internet atau website yang bisa diakses oleh masyarakat luas, tidak hanya di Indonesia saja tapi juga di dunia, sehingga bisa berguna untuk perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan informasi PMI selanjutnya.
O Desempenho da Fileira Florestal e a Sua Relevância para a Economia Portuguesa
Authors: Sarmento Elsa de Morais , Dores Vanda
Published: March 2023

As indústrias que compõem a Fileira Florestal têm uma importância inquestionável no contexto da economia nacional, pela criação de valor acrescentado nacional e pela geração de emprego, não só através do elevado número de agentes envolvidos na produção, na transformação e na comercialização dos seus produtos, mas também pelo seu papel na fixação das populações nas regiões mais desfavorecidas. A floresta, como recurso natural endógeno e renovável, e a extensão da sua ocupação territorial pelo país, fazem com que este seja um dos mais importantes recursos a nível da criação e da distribuição regional de riqueza em Portugal. Este trabalho contextualiza a importância económica da fileira numa perspectiva temporal, congregando um olhar transversal que perpassa a ocupação do território, a atividade produtiva, a especialização regional do emprego, a produtividade e a concentração.
Caracterização e Análise do Potencial de Desenvolvimento do Turismo Cultural Literário em Coimbra
Authors: Quinteiro Silvia , Gonçalves Alexandra Rodrigues , Carreiro Vivina
Published: March 2023

Os lugares literários têm sido amplamente reconhecidos como destinos turísticos. O presente artigo estabeleceu como objetivos: (i) situar Coimbra no contexto da oferta de turismo cultural e turismo literário em Portugal; (ii) apresentar os resultados dos inventários dos produtos de turismo literário existentes em Coimbra; (iii) apresentar os resultados do inventário dos lugares literários de Coimbra conectáveis com as biografias de escritores; e (iv) promover a reflexão sobre o potencial turístico-literário da cidade. A primeira fase da investigação incluiu a recolha de informação, das obras e textos de suporte para a análise empírica e do estado da arte do produto de turismo literário em Coimbra. Partindo dos resultados obtidos, aferimos o seu potencial e identificámos a necessidade de desenhar e disponibilizar uma cartografia literária da cidade, que viabilize o desenvolvimento do nicho do turismo literário em Coimbra.
O Estado da Bahia na Recessão: Uma Análise Shift-Share Multifatorial dos Municípios Entre 2014 e 2017
Authors: Lopes Thiago Henrique Carneiro Rios , Ribeiro Luiz Carlos de Santana
Published: March 2023

Nos últimos anos, a crise econômica enfrentada pelo Brasil afetou de forma heterogênea suas regiões e estados. Dada a representatividade econômica do estado da Bahia na região Nordeste, este artigo analisa o desempenho da estrutura econômica setorial nos municípios baianos durante o período mais recente da crise econômica brasileira – 2014 e 2017. Para tanto, é utilizado o método shift-share multifatorial a partir de dados de emprego por setor de atividade da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) do Ministério da Economia. Os principais resultados mostram que os maiores municípios, em especial aqueles localizados na região Metropolitana de Salvador, foram caracterizados como de “Recessão Generalizada”, isto é, marcadas por fraco desempenho local e setorial. Por outro lado, tanto a região Oeste quanto a região Sul contribuíram para atenuar a recessão do Estado.
Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas Produk Dan Suasana Toko Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Ompu Gende Coffee
Authors: Purnama Nadia Ika , Harahap Seprida Hanum , Siregar Dini Syahputri
Published: March 2023

This study aims to see and determine the effect of price, product quality, and store atmosphere on consumer loyalty to Ompu Gende Coffee. This research is associative quantitative research, namely research to examine the effect of the independent variable and the dependent variable. The population in this study was 80 consumers of Ompu Gende Coffee. The data collection technique used in this research is a questionnaire. But in practice, the data processing of this research is not processed manually, but using the statistical software package social for sciences (SPSS26) with multiple analysis techniques, classical assumptions, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination. The results of this study indicate that price, product quality, and store atmosphere on consumer loyalty