bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Interventional Endovascular Management of Ruptured Penetrating Aortic Ulcer with Associated Enormous Right Pleural False Aneurysm
Authors: Grigorescu Andrei Emanuel , Anghel Andrei , Feier Horea
Published: April 2024

Penetrating aortic injuries represent critical medical emergencies that necessitate immediate intervention to prevent life-threatening consequences. When accompanied by the presence of an enormous right pleural false aneurysm, the clinical scenario becomes exceptionally rare and complex. This case report details the successful management of a patient who presented with a penetrating aortic ulcer and an extensive false aneurysm within the right pleura, employing an interdisciplinary approach involving cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, and radiologists. The pivotal intervention involved the deployment of a covered and bare stent graft into the descending thoracic aorta to seal the aortic rupture. The patient’s clinical condition stabilized postoperatively, with no signs of recurrent hemorrhage. This case underscores the importance of rapid diagnosis, timely intervention, and the collaborative efforts of a specialized medical team in successfully managing such complex vascular injuries. Early recognition and referral to specialized centers are essential for improving patient outcomes in cases of penetrating aortic injuries with associated giant pseudoaneurysms.
RETRACTED: Alshahrani et al. Mechanical Properties Study on Sandwich Composites of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin, Elium®: Preliminary Experiments. Coatings 2022, 12, 1423
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Ahmed Azzam , Kabrein Hashim , Prakash V. R. Arun
Published: April 2024

The Coatings Editorial Office retracts the article, “Mechanical Properties Study on Sandwich Composites of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) Using Liquid Thermoplastic Resin, Elium®: Preliminary Experiments” [...]
A Reduced-Order FEM Based on POD for Solving Non-Fourier Heat Conduction Problems under Laser Heating
Authors: Kou Fanglu , Zhang Xiaohua , Zheng Baojing , Peng Hui
Published: April 2024

The study presents a novel approach called FEM-POD, which aims to enhance the computational efficiency of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in solving problems related to non-Fourier heat conduction. The present method employs the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. Firstly, spatial discretization of the second-order hyperbolic differential equation system is achieved through the Finite Element Method (FEM), followed by the application of the Newmark method to address the resultant ordinary differential equation system over time, with the resultant numerical solutions collected in snapshot form. Next, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is employed to acquire the optimal proper orthogonal decomposition basis, which is subsequently combined with the FEM utilizing the Newmark scheme to construct a reduced-order model for non-Fourier heat conduction problems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method, a range of numerical instances, including different laser heat sources and relaxation durations, are executed. The numerical results validate its enhanced computational accuracy and highlight significant time savings over addressing non-Fourier heat conduction problems using the full order FEM with the Newmark approach. Meanwhile, the numerical results show that when the number of elements or nodes is relatively large, the CPU running time of the FEM-POD method is even hundreds of times faster than that of classical FEM with the Newmark scheme.
(1E)-1,2-Diaryldiazene Derivatives Containing a Donor–π-Acceptor-Type Tolane Skeleton as Smectic Liquid–Crystalline Dyes
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Yoshida Keigo , Eguchi Yuto , Hara Mitsuo , Yasui Motohiro , Konno Tsutomu
Published: April 2024

Considerable attention has been paid to (1E)-1,2-diaryldiazenes (azo dyes) possessing liquid–crystalline (LC) and optical properties because they can switch color through thermal phase transitions and photoisomerizations. Although multifunctional molecules with both LC and fluorescent properties based on a donor–π-acceptor (D-π-A)-type tolane skeleton have been developed, functional molecules possessing LC and dye properties have not yet been developed. Therefore, this study proposes to develop LC dyes consisting of (1E)-1,2-diaryldiazenes with a D–π-A-type tolane skeleton as the aryl moiety. The (1E)-1,2-diaryldiazene derivatives exhibited a smectic phase, regardless of the flexible-chain structure, whereas the melting temperature was significantly increased by introducing fluoroalkyl moieties into the flexible chain. Evaluation of the optical properties revealed that compounds with decyloxy chains exhibited an orange color, whereas compounds with semifluoroalkoxy chains absorbed at a slightly blue-shifted wavelength, which resulted in a pale orange color. The thermal phase transition caused a slight color change accompanied by a change in the absorption properties, photoisomerization-induced shrinkage, and partial disappearance of the LC domain. These results indicate that (1E)-1,2-diaryldiazenes with a D–π-A-type tolane skeleton can function as thermo- or photoresponsive dyes and are applicable to smart windows and in photolithography.
Identifying the Predictors of Pediatric Vaccine Uptake during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Phan Colleen , Mercado Brandon , Travis Justin , Webb Ginny
Published: April 2024

Identifying determinants of vaccination uptake is critical for public and community health. The population became divided in regard to preventative measures and vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there are varying opinions on decisions to vaccinate children against childhood diseases and COVID-19. Recent findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing vaccine hesitancy. Here, we assess vaccine hesitancy in parents by identifying predictors of vaccine acceptance by parents during the COVID-19 pandemic using a survey given to parents in South Carolina. Knowledge about COVID-19 and vaccinations affects vaccination intentions. Age, education, gender, and politics were also found to predict parents’ decisions about vaccinating their kids. Understanding potential barriers to vaccine acceptance will aid healthcare providers and public health entities to better reach the community.
The Psychosocial Health of Black/African Americans Compared with People of Other Races/Ethnic Origins during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Price Daicia , Bonsaksen Tore , Leung Janni , Ruffolo Mary , Lamph Gary , Hawkins Karis , Østertun Geirdal Amy
Published: April 2024

This study compared the psychosocial health between Black/African Americans and other ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using self-report questionnaires, data were collected at three time points from April 2020 to January 2022, controlling for education and employment status. Surprisingly, Black/African American participants consistently reported lower psychological distress compared to their counterparts. However, they initially reported lower quality of life, which improved over time, eventually surpassing that of the other groups by January 2022. These findings suggest resilience among Black/African Americans despite historical marginalization. Socioeconomic factors and historical context may have influenced these disparities, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to support marginalized communities during crises.
A Secondary Retrospective Analysis of the Predictive Value of Neutrophil-Reactive Intensity (NEUT-RI) in Septic and Non-Septic Patients in Intensive Care
Authors: Formenti Paolo , Isidori Letizia , Pastori Stefano , Roccaforte Vincenzo , Mantovani Elena Alessandra , Iezzi Massimiliano , Menozzi Alessandro , Panella Rossella , Galimberti Andrea , Brenna Giovanni , Umbrello Michele , Pezzi Angelo , Vetrone Francesco , Sabbatini Giovanni , Gotti Miriam
Published: April 2024

Background: Effective identification and management in the early stages of sepsis are critical for achieving positive outcomes. In this context, neutrophil-reactive intensity (NEUT-RI) emerges as a promising and easily interpretable parameter. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of NEUT-RI in diagnosing sepsis and to evaluate its prognostic significance in distinguishing 28-day mortality outcomes. Materials: This study is a secondary, retrospective, observational analysis. Clinical data upon ICU admission were collected. We enrolled septic patients and a control group of critically ill patients without sepsis criteria. The patients were divided into subgroups based on renal function for biomarker evaluation with 28-day outcomes reported for septic and non-septic patients. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this study. A significant difference between the “septic” and “non-septic” groups was detected in the NEUT-RI plasma concentration (53.80 [49.65–59.05] vs. 48.00 [46.00–49.90] FI, p < 0.001, respectively). NEUT-RI and procalcitonin (PCT) distinguished between not complicated sepsis and septic shock (PCT 1.71 [0.42–12.09] vs. 32.59 [8.83–100.00], <0.001 and NEUT-RI 51.50 [47.80–56.30] vs. 56.20 [52.30–61.92], p = 0.005). NEUT-RI, PCT, and CRP values were significantly different in patients with “renal failure”. NEUT-RI and PCT at admission in the ICU in the septic group were higher in patients who died (58.80 [53.85–73.10] vs. 53.05 [48.90–57.22], p = 0.005 and 39.56 [17.39–83.72] vs. 3.22 [0.59–32.32], p = 0.002, respectively). Both NEUT-RI and PCT showed a high negative predictive value and low positive predictive value. Conclusions: The inflammatory biomarkers assessed in this study offer valuable support in the early diagnosis of sepsis and could have a possible role in anticipating the outcome. NEUT-RI elevation appears particularly promising for early sepsis detection and severity discrimination upon admission.
Correction: Dabi et al. Clues for Improving the Pathophysiology Knowledge for Endometriosis Using Plasma Micro-RNA Expression. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 175
Authors: Dabi Yohann , Suisse Stéphane , Jornea Ludmila , Bouteiller Delphine , Touboul Cyril , Puchar Anne , Daraï Emile , Bendifallah Sofiane
Published: April 2024

In the original publication [...]
CO2 Emissions, Remittances, Energy Intensity and Economic Development: The Evidence from Central Asia
Authors: Kuziboev Bekhzod , Saidmamatov Olimjon , Khodjaniyazov Elbek , Ibragimov Jakhongir , Marty Peter , Ruzmetov Davron , Matyakubov Umidjon , Lyulina Ekaterina , Ibadullaev Dilshad
Published: April 2024

Remittances are a crucial part of economic expansion, especially in Central Asia. Nevertheless, it is not possible to ignore its environmental damage. This paper is a pioneer in investigating the association among CO2 emissions, remittances, energy consumption and economic development in Central Asian countries (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan) spanning the period of 1995–2022. As a methodology, the FMOLS estimator is applied to check linear impact and long-run association as well. Panel threshold regression model and 2SLS method are applied to examine potential non-linear relations among the studied variables. Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators are employed to control the endogeneity issue among the variables of interest. The results suggest the existence of a long-run relationship among the studied variables. Precisely, applying the FMOLS method, remittances negatively impact CO2 emissions in the long run. The relationship between CO2 emissions and remittances is distorted when the endogeneity issue is considered with the Panel threshold regression model, 2SLS method, and Hausman–Taylor and Amacurdy estimators. This distortion validates the linear impact of remittances on CO2 emissions in CA. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test shows that all independent variables have a causal effect on the dependent variable, validating the effect of the studied variables. Consequently, decision-makers should facilitate remittances towards more environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions to prevent the detrimental effects of remittance inflows on carbon emissions in Central Asia.
Bloom’s Taxonomy Student Persona Responses to Blended Learning Methods Employing the Metaverse and Flipped Classroom Tools
Authors: Kilipiris Fotis , Avdimiotis Spyros , Christou Evangelos , Tragouda Andreanna , Konstantinidis Ioannis
Published: April 2024

The paper aims to identify and analyze the correlation between student personality types and the use of metaverse and flipped classroom blended learning methods (BLMs) and tools by formulating a series of research hypotheses. Using Bloom’s Taxonomy, the most influential and standard theory of learning in the education cognitive field and toward this objective, the authors extracted the personality types of students and employed a mixed-methods research methodology JASP software (v.0.17.1) involving both qualitative and quantitative tools. The qualitative component involved direct observation of synchronous classroom teaching to students, while the quantitative aspect utilized structured questionnaires administered to 634 students of the International Hellenic University enrolled to attend the “Human Resource Management” course. The acquired qualitative data were processed using (a) network analysis JASP software (v.0.17.1) software in order to address the student personas through nodes, connections, and centralities and (b) structural equation software in order to identify the correlations between types of students and the variables of the metaverse and flipped classroom methods. The findings reveal that the four types of students identified have a direct and strong correlation with the use of flipped classroom and metaverse teaching methods.
How a Phonics-Based Intervention, L1 Orthography, and Item Characteristics Impact Adult ESL Spelling Knowledge
Authors: Martin Katherine I.
Published: April 2024

Spelling ability is a key dimension of orthographic knowledge and a crucial component literacy skill that supports automatic word recognition and fluent reading. There has been substantial research on first language (child) English speakers’ spelling ability, including the effectiveness of instruction interventions for improving spelling knowledge. However, there is relatively little research on spelling in adult learners of English as a second language, and even less examining instructional interventions for improving their spelling. The current study addressed this gap by implementing an adaptation of a phonics-based instructional intervention in a university-based intensive English reading class. Compared to two different control cohorts, the cohort receiving the intervention significantly improved their ability to accurately identify whether an English word was spelled correctly or not. Analyses also considered the influence of a variety of lexical characteristics as well as participants’ L1 writing system. The results demonstrate the efficacy of this intervention in adult L2 English learners and also highlight the importance of considering word characteristics and participants’ language background when examining spelling performance.
Numerical Investigations on the Transient Aerodynamic Performance Characterization of a Multibladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Christie Jamie , Lines Thomas , Simpson Dillon , Asim Taimoor , Siddiqui Muhammad Salman , Islam Sheikh Zahidul
Published: April 2024

The use of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in urban environments is on the rise due to their relatively smaller size, simpler design, lower manufacturing and maintenance costs, and above all, due to their omnidirectionality. The multibladed drag-based VAWT has been identified as a design configuration with superior aerodynamic performance. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to better understand the complex aerodynamic performance of multibladed VAWTs employing steady-state or quasi-steady numerical methods. The transient aerodynamics associated with a multibladed VAWT, especially the time–history of the power coefficient of each blade, has not been reported in the published literature. This information is important for the identification of individual blade’s orientation when producing negative torque. The current study aims to bridge this gap in the literature through real-time tracking of the rotor blade’s aerodynamic performance characteristics during one complete revolution. Numerical investigations were carried out using advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based techniques for a tip speed ratio of 0 to 1. The results indicate that transient aerodynamic characterization is 13% more accurate in predicting the power generation from the VAWT. While steady-state performance characterization indicates a negative power coefficient (Cp) at λ = 0.65, transient analysis suggests that this happens at λ = 0.75.
Integrated Black Oil Modeling for Efficient Simulation and Optimization of Carbon Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Ismail Ismail , Fotias Sofianos Panagiotis , Avgoulas Dimitris , Gaganis Vassilis
Published: April 2024

Carbon capture and storage technologies play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing carbon dioxide emissions underground. Saline aquifers, among other geological formations, hold promise for long-term CO2 storage. However, accurately assessing their storage capacity and CO2 behavior underground necessitates advanced numerical simulation and modeling techniques. In this study, we introduce an approach based on a solubility thermodynamic model that leverages cubic equations of state offline from the simulator. This approach enables the precise prediction of CO2–brine equilibrium properties and facilitates the conversion of compositional data into black oil PVT data suitable for black oil simulations. By incorporating industry-scale saline aquifer properties, we simulate a carbon storage scheme using the black oil model technique, significantly reducing computation time by at least four times while preserving the essential physical phenomena observed in underground carbon storage operations. A comparative analysis between black oil and compositional simulations reveals consistent results for reservoir pressure, CO2 saturation distributions, and mass fraction of trapping mechanisms, with differences of less than 4%. This validation underscores the reliability and efficiency of integrating the black oil model technique into carbon storage simulations in saline aquifer formations, offering tangible benefits to industry operators and regulators by striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency. The capability of this approach to extend to temperatures of up to 300 °C and pressures of up to 600 bars broadens its applicability beyond conventional CCS applications, serving as a valuable tool for optimizing decision-making processes in CCS projects, particularly in scenarios where profitability may be marginal.
A Review of Upscaling Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Ho Thi. Thu-Trang , Nadeem Ahmad , Choe Kangil
Published: April 2024

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has recently emerged as a promising technology for converting diverse forms of waste with a high moisture content into value-added products such as biofuel, biochar, and activated carbon. With an increasing demand for sustainable and carbon-neutral energy sources, HTC has attracted considerable attention in the literature. However, a successful transition from laboratory-scale to large-scale industrial applications entails notable challenges. This review critically assesses the upscaling of hydrothermal carbonization processes, emphasizing the challenges, innovations, and environmental implications associated with this transition. The challenges inherent in upscaling HTC are comprehensively discussed, including aspects such as reactor design, process optimization, and the current treatment technology for process water. This review presents recent innovations and technological advancements that address these challenges and explores integrated solutions to enhancing hydrothermal carbonization’s scalability. Additionally, this review highlights key companies that have developed and implemented HTC plants for commercial purposes. By overcoming the obstacles and achieving advancements in the upscaling of hydrothermal carbonization, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to realize the full potential of HTC as a sustainable and scalable biomass conversion technology and proposes future directions.
Natural Food Intake and Its Contribution to Tambaqui Growth in Fertilized and Unfertilized Ponds
Authors: Lima Adriana Ferreira , dos Reis Anderson Guilherme Pereira , Costa Vladimir Eliodoro , Valenti Wagner Cotroni
Published: April 2024

Natural food available in ponds can complement formulated feed in fed aquaculture. This study elucidated the natural food intake and its contribution to tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) growth in fertilized and unfertilized ponds, using stable isotope and stomach contents analyses. Additionally, it described the impact of fertilization management on natural food availability, fish performance, and production costs. Tambaqui juveniles (93.8 ± 15.0 g) were stocked (0.55 fish/m2) in fertilized (Fert) and unfertilized (NoFert) ponds (600 m2) for a culture period of 10 months in quadruplicate. A lower food conversion ratio was observed in Fert ponds. The main natural food items ingested by tambaqui were insects, vegetables, and cladocerans. Plankton contributed 39.4% and 10.7% of muscle formation in Fert and NoFert ponds, respectively. Pond fertilization (2.45 g of nitrogen and 0.80 g of phosphorus per square meter every two weeks) did not significantly affect fish growth, survival, or productivity but had a slightly influence on water quality parameters. However, fertilization increased the zooplankton density (through phytoplankton) in the water, thereby increasing autochthonous food availability for tambaqui consumption. This species demonstrates the ability to alternate between natural food sources and commercial feed without compromising its development. Consequently, tambaqui exhibits suitability for farming within restorative and integrated aquaculture systems as well as intensive systems reliant on commercial feed.
Fractional Calculus and Hypergeometric Functions in Complex Analysis
Authors: Oros Gheorghe , Oros Georgia Irina
Published: April 2024

Fractional calculus has had a powerful impact on recent research, with many applications in different branches of science and engineering [...]
A Low Power Analog Integrated Fractional Order Type-2 Fuzzy PID Controller
Authors: Alimisis Vassilis , Eleftheriou Nikolaos P. , Georgakilas Evangelos , Dimas Christos , Uzunoglu Nikolaos , Sotiriadis Paul P.
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces an analog integrated fractional order type-2 fuzzy PID control system. Current approaches frequently depend on energy-intensive embedded digital systems, consuming substantial energy levels ranging from a few μW to mW. To address this limitation we propose a fully analog design offering insights into the potential of analog circuits for powerefficient robust control in complex and uncertain environments. It consists of Gaussian function, min/max, Operational transcoductance amplifier circuits and Resistor-Capacitor networks for the implementation of the fractional-order components. Crafted for operation under a reduced voltage supply (0.6 V), the controller attains minimal power usage (861.8 nW), facilitating uninterrupted, extended-term functioning. Post-layout simulation results confirm the proper operation of the proposed design. The proposed system is designed and simulated using the Cadence IC Suite in a TSMC 90 nm CMOS process.
On Solutions of Two Post-Quantum Fractional Generalized Sequential Navier Problems: An Application on the Elastic Beam
Authors: Etemad Sina , Ntouyas Sotiris K. , Stamova Ivanka , Tariboon Jessada
Published: April 2024

Fractional calculus provides some fractional operators for us to model different real-world phenomena mathematically. One of these important study fields is the mathematical model of the elastic beam changes. More precisely, in this paper, based on the behavior patterns of an elastic beam, we consider the generalized sequential boundary value problems of the Navier difference equations by using the post-quantum fractional derivatives of the Caputo-like type. We discuss on the existence theory for solutions of the mentioned (p;q)-difference Navier problems in two single-valued and set-valued versions. We use the main properties of the (p;q)-operators in this regard. Application of the fixed points of the ρ-θ-contractions along with the endpoints of the multi-valued functions play a fundamental role to prove the existence results. Finally in two examples, we validate our models and theoretical results by giving numerical models of the generalized sequential (p;q)-difference Navier problems.
Debridement, Antibiotic Pearls, and Retention of the Implant (DAPRI) in the Treatment of Early Periprosthetic Knee Joint Infections: A Literature Review
Authors: Vicenti Giovanni , Pesare Elisa , Colasuonno Giulia , Buono Claudio , Albano Federica , Ladogana Teresa , Passarelli Anna Claudia , Solarino Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

(1) Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are severe and frightening complications in orthopaedic surgery, and they are generally divided into three categories: early infections (those occurring within the first 4–6 weeks), delayed infections (those occurring between 3 and 24 months), and late infections (those occurring more than 2 years after surgery). PJI treatment comprises “debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention” (DAIR), single-stage revision, and double-stage revision. Nowadays, to improve the chances of retaining an infected implant and to improve the traditional DAIR method, a modified surgical technique has been developed, named DAPRI (debridement, antibiotic pearls, and retention of the implant). Our study aims to present an up-to-date concept evaluation of the DAPRI technique and its success rate. (2) Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed, applying a protocol defined by the authors: a total of 765 articles were identified, and at the end of the screening process only 7 studies were included. (3) Results: Currently, the DAPRI procedure can be performed only on patients who have had PJI symptoms for less than 4 weeks, and in order to achieve the highest success rate, indications are quite strict: it is appropriate in patients with acute, superficial infections without sinus tract presence, and well-fixed implants with known sensitive bacteria. The DAPRI surgical method follows a step-by-step process consisting of a first phase of biofilm identification with intra-articular injection of methylene blue, followed by biofilm removal (thermic, mechanical, and chemical aggression), and a last step consisting of prevention of PJI recurrence by using calcium sulphate antibiotic-added beads. (4) Conclusions: The DAPRI approach improves the traditional DAIR technique. It is a correct treatment for acute and early haematogenous PJI, and improves the DAIR success rate.
Effects of Neuropilates on Functional Outcomes in Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: García-Bravo Cristina , Delgado-Lobete Laura , Montes-Montes Rebeca , Rodríguez-Pérez Mª Pilar , Trugeda-Pedrajo Nuria , Fernández-Gómez Gemma , García-Bravo Sara
Published: April 2024

Neuropilates is an intervention approach that was developed as a modified version of the Pilates Method to be used for neurological rehabilitation. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of regular physiotherapy and occupational therapy rehabilitation in comparison to a combination of traditional rehabilitation with Neuropilates in adults with post-stroke motor disabilities. This was a rater- and analyst-blinded randomized clinical trial with a three-month intervention and a one-month follow up. Participants were randomly allocated to either the experimental group (EG, receiving a combination of conventional therapy and Neuropilates; n = 15) or the control group (CG, receiving solely conventional therapy; n = 15). Once adjusted for baseline FIM scores, the results showed significant differences favoring the EG in daily functioning (FIM), static balance (FRT), right-hand manual dexterity (NHPT) and right-upper limb coordination (BBT). Satisfaction with the received treatment as measured with the CSQ-8 was significantly higher for the EG. In conclusion, the incorporation of Neuropilates, facilitated by a single experienced therapist, can be a valuable complement to conventional physical and occupational therapy. However, Neuropilates-based interventions should be supervised and tailored to each individual by a professional specifically trained in the method.
Australian Hospital Experiences of People Living with Deafblindness or Dual Sensory Impairment: The Report Card
Authors: Watharow Annmaree
Published: April 2024

Gaps abound in the literature about what happens when people living with deafblindness or dual sensory impairment (DBDSI) go to the hospital. Anecdotally, from my lived experiences and professional work, as well as from within communities, stories are told about how hazardous it is to be a patient in an Australian hospital for those living with DBDSI. This paper outlines a quantitative component of a mixed-methods study examining the intricacies of these experiences. The research objective was to discover what hospital interactions looked like for patients living with DBDSI. A constrained question set was used, namely, the Australian hospital experience question set (AHPEQS 2017). It asked patients about key factors in their hospital interactions. The results form a distressing snapshot of care and communication interactions. Experiences of flouting protective conventions, dehumanisation, neglect, discrimination, disparate care, inaccessible consent forms, and a lack of communication predominate. The participants reported experiences from multiple different hospitals, so these findings suggest a broad culture of failing to provide patient-centred care and accessible-to-the-patient communication. The findings showcase the urgency for more research and remedial actions to be undertaken by both professionals and institutions.
An LLM-Based Inventory Construction Framework of Urban Ground Collapse Events with Spatiotemporal Locations
Authors: Hao Yanan , Qi Jin , Ma Xiaowen , Wu Sensen , Liu Renyi , Zhang Xiaoyi
Published: April 2024

Historical news media reports serve as a vital data source for understanding the risk of urban ground collapse (UGC) events. At present, the application of large language models (LLMs) offers unprecedented opportunities to effectively extract UGC events and their spatiotemporal information from a vast amount of news reports and media data. Therefore, this study proposes an LLM-based inventory construction framework consisting of three steps: news reports crawling, UGC event recognition, and event attribute extraction. Focusing on Zhejiang province, China, as the test region, a total of 27 cases of collapse events from 637 news reports were collected for 11 prefecture-level cities. The method achieved a recall rate of over 60% and a precision below 35%, indicating its potential for effectively and automatically screening collapse events; however, the accuracy needs to be improved to account for confusion with other urban collapse events, such as bridge collapses. The obtained UGC event inventory is the first open access inventory based on internet news reports, event dates and locations, and collapse co-ordinates derived from unstructured contents. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the spatial pattern of UGC frequency in Zhejiang province, effectively supplementing the statistical data provided by the local government.
Upregulation of EMR1 (ADGRE1) by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Colon Cancer Progression by Activating the JAK2/STAT1,3 Signaling Pathway in Tumor Cells
Authors: Akter Rokeya , Park Rackhyun , Lee Soo Kyung , Han Eun ju , Park Kyu-Sang , Park Junsoo , Cho Mee-Yon
Published: April 2024

Previously, we reported that epidermal growth factor-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (EMR1/ADGRE1) is abnormally expressed in colon cancer (CC) and is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and poor recurrence-free survival in patients with abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, the signaling pathways associated with EMR1 expression in CC progression remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of EMR1 and its signaling interactions with macrophages in CC progression. Spatial transcriptomics of pT3 microsatellite unstable CC tissues revealed heightened Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in EMR1-HL CC with LNM compared to EMR1-N CC without LNM. Through in vitro coculture of CC cells with macrophages, EMR1 expression by CC cells was found to be induced by TAMs, ultimately interacting with upregulated JAK/STAT signaling, increasing cell proliferation, migration, and motility, and reducing apoptosis. JAK2/STAT3 inhibition decreased the levels of EMR1, JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3, significantly impeded the proliferation, migration, and mobility of cells, and increased the apoptosis of EMR1+ CC cells compared to their EMR1KO counterparts. Overall, TAMs-induced EMR1 upregulation in CC cells may promote LNM and CC progression via JAK2/STAT1,3 signaling upregulation. This study provides further insights into the molecular mechanisms involving macrophages and intracellular EMR1 expression in CC progression, suggesting its clinical significance and offering potential interventions to enhance patient outcomes.
The Relationship between Pathogenesis and Possible Treatments for the MASLD-Cirrhosis Spectrum
Authors: Vidal-Cevallos Paulina , Sorroza-Martínez Adriana P. , Chávez-Tapia Norberto C. , Uribe Misael , Montalvo-Javé Eduardo E. , Nuño-Lámbarri Natalia
Published: April 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a term that entails a broad spectrum of conditions that vary in severity. Its development is influenced by multiple factors such as environment, microbiome, comorbidities, and genetic factors. MASLD is closely related to metabolic syndrome as it is caused by an alteration in the metabolism of fatty acids due to the accumulation of lipids because of an imbalance between its absorption and elimination in the liver. Its progression to fibrosis is due to a constant flow of fatty acids through the mitochondria and the inability of the liver to slow down this metabolic load, which generates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, triggering cell death. The development and progression of MASLD are closely related to unhealthy lifestyle habits, and nutritional epigenetic and genetic mechanisms have also been implicated. Currently, lifestyle modification is the first-line treatment for MASLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; weight loss of ≥10% produces resolution of steatohepatitis and fibrosis regression. In many patients, body weight reduction cannot be achieved; therefore, pharmacological treatment should be offered in particular populations.
Structure and Properties of Polylactide Composites with TiO2–Lignin Hybrid Fillers
Authors: Grząbka-Zasadzińska Aleksandra , Piątek Agata , Klapiszewski Łukasz , Borysiak Sławomir
Published: April 2024

The research presented in this article focuses on the use of inorganic–organic material, based on titanium dioxide and lignin, as a filler for polylactide (PLA) biocomposites. To date, no research has been conducted to understand the impact of hybrid fillers consisting of TiO2 and lignin on the supermolecular structure and crystallization abilities of polylactide. Polymer composites containing 1, 3 or 5 wt.% of hybrid filler or TiO2 were assessed in terms of their structure, morphology, and thermal properties. Mechanical properties, including tensile testing, bending, impact strength, and hardness, were discussed. The hybrid filler is characterized by a very good electrokinetic stability at pH greater than 3–4. The addition of all fillers led to a small decrease in the glass transition temperature but, most importantly, the addition of 1% of the hybrid filler to the PLA matrix increased the degree of crystallinity of the material by up to 20%. Microscopic studies revealed differences in the crystallization behavior and nucleation ability of fillers. The use of hybrid filler resulted in higher nucleation density and shorter induction time than in unfilled PLA or PLA with only TiO2. The introduction of small amounts of hybrid filler also affected the mechanical properties of the composites, causing an increase in bending strength and hardness. This information may be useful from a technological process standpoint and may also help to increase the range of applicability of biobased materials.
Advances in Gluten Hypersensitivity: Novel Dietary-Based Therapeutics in Research and Development
Authors: Jorgensen Rick , Devarahalli Shambhavi Shivaramaiah , Shah Yash , Gao Haoran , Arul Arasan Tamil Selvan , Ng Perry K. W. , Gangur Venugopal
Published: April 2024

Gluten hypersensitivity is characterized by the production of IgE antibodies against specific wheat proteins (allergens) and a myriad of clinical allergic symptoms including life-threatening anaphylaxis. Currently, the only recommended treatment for gluten hypersensitivity is the complete avoidance of gluten. There have been extensive efforts to develop dietary-based novel therapeutics for combating this disorder. There were four objectives for this study: (i) to compile the current understanding of the mechanism of gluten hypersensitivity; (ii) to critically evaluate the outcome from preclinical testing of novel therapeutics in animal models; (iii) to determine the potential of novel dietary-based therapeutic approaches under development in humans; and (iv) to synthesize the outcomes from these studies and identify the gaps in research to inform future translational research. We used Google Scholar and PubMed databases with appropriate keywords to retrieve published papers. All material was thoroughly checked to obtain the relevant data to address the objectives. Our findings collectively demonstrate that there are at least five promising dietary-based therapeutic approaches for mitigating gluten hypersensitivity in development. Of these, two have advanced to a limited human clinical trial, and the others are at the preclinical testing level. Further translational research is expected to offer novel dietary-based therapeutic options for patients with gluten hypersensitivity in the future.
Role of Epiregulin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis as a Mediator via EGFR Signaling in the Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Nishimura Norihisa , Kaji Kosuke , Tomooka Fumimasa , Shibamoto Akihiko , Iwai Satoshi , Suzuki Junya , Kawaratani Hideto , Namisaki Tadashi , Akahane Takemi , Yoshiji Hitoshi
Published: April 2024

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been reported to be important factors in promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We hypothesize that epiregulin (EREG), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and activated by LPS stimulation, is a crucial mediator of HCC progression with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in the tumor microenvironment. We used a mouse xenograft model of Huh7 cells mixed with half the number of LX-2 cells, with/without intraperitoneal LPS injection, to elucidate the role of EREG in LPS-induced HCC. In the mouse model, LPS administration significantly enlarged the size of xenografted tumors and elevated the expression of EREG in tumor tissues compared with those in negative controls. Moreover, CD34 immunostaining and the gene expressions of angiogenic markers by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed higher vascularization, with increased interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in the tumors of the mice group treated with LPS compared to those without LPS. Our data collectively suggested that EREG plays an important role in the cancer microenvironment under the influence of LPS to increase not only the tumor cell growth and migration/invasion of EGFR-positive HCC cells but also tumor neovascularization via IL-8 signaling.
New Mechanisms to Prevent Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonism (GLP-1 RA) in Metabolic Syndrome and in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Jalil Jorge E. , Gabrielli Luigi , Ocaranza María Paz , MacNab Paul , Fernández Rodrigo , Grassi Bruno , Jofré Paulina , Verdejo Hugo , Acevedo Monica , Cordova Samuel , Sanhueza Luis , Greig Douglas
Published: April 2024

This review examines the impact of obesity on the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and focuses on novel mechanisms for HFpEF prevention using a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism (GLP-1 RA). Obesity can lead to HFpEF through various mechanisms, including low-grade systemic inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, and increased pericardial/epicardial adipose tissue (contributing to an increase in myocardial fat content and interstitial fibrosis). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is released from the enteroendocrine L-cells in the gut. GLP-1 reduces blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin synthesis, suppressing islet α-cell function, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. GLP-1 regulates gastric emptying and appetite, and GLP-1 RA is currently indicated for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Recent evidence indicates that GLP-1 RA may play a significant role in preventing HFpEF in patients with obesity, MS, or obese T2D. This effect may be due to activating cardioprotective mechanisms (the endogenous counter-regulatory renin angiotensin system and the AMPK/mTOR pathway) and by inhibiting deleterious remodeling mechanisms (the PKA/RhoA/ROCK pathway, aldosterone levels, and microinflammation). However, there is still a need for further research to validate the impact of these mechanisms on humans.
Zinc Finger-Homeodomain Transcriptional Factors (ZHDs) in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): Identification, Evolution, Expression Profiles, and Function under Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Gao Yiming , Zhu Liyan , An Menghang , Wang Yaru , Li Sen , Dong Yuming , Yang Songlin , Shi Kexin , Fan Shanshan , Chen Xiaofeng , Ren Huazhong , Liu Xingwang
Published: April 2024

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a globally prevalent and extensively cultivated vegetable whose yield is significantly influenced by various abiotic stresses, including drought, heat, and salinity. Transcription factors, such as zinc finger-homeodomain proteins (ZHDs), a plant-specific subgroup of Homeobox, play a crucial regulatory role in stress resistance. In this study, we identified 13 CsZHDs distributed across all six cucumber chromosomes except chromosome 7. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into five clades (ZHDI-IV and MIF) with different gene structures but similar conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that members of clades ZHD III, IV, and MIF experienced amplification through segmental duplication events. Additionally, a closer evolutionary relationship was observed between the ZHDs in Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) and Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) compared to Oryza sativa (O. sativa). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the general expression of CsZHD genes across all tissues, with notable expression in leaf and flower buds. Moreover, most of the CsZHDs, particularly CsZHD9-11, exhibited varying responses to drought, heat, and salt stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments highlighted the potential functions of CsZHD9 and CsZHD10, suggesting their positive regulation of stomatal movement and responsiveness to drought stress. In summary, these findings provide a valuable resource for future analysis of potential mechanisms underlying CsZHD genes in response to stresses.
Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo: Commonalities and Differences
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroki L. , Yamaguchi Yuji , Peeva Elena
Published: April 2024

Both alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are distinct, heterogenous, and complex disease entities, characterized by nonscarring scalp terminal hair loss and skin pigment loss, respectively. In AA, inflammatory cell infiltrates are in the deep reticular dermis close to the hair bulb (swarm of bees), whereas in vitiligo the inflammatory infiltrates are in the epidermis and papillary dermis. Immune privilege collapse has been extensively investigated in AA pathogenesis, including the suppression of immunomodulatory factors (e.g., transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)) and enhanced expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) throughout hair follicles. However, immune privilege collapse in vitiligo remains less explored. Both AA and vitiligo are autoimmune diseases that share commonalities in pathogenesis, including the involvement of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (and interferon-α (IFN- α) signaling pathways) and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (and activated IFN-γ signaling pathways). Blood chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) and CXCL10 are elevated in both diseases. Common factors that contribute to AA and vitiligo include oxidative stress, autophagy, type 2 cytokines, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (e.g., dickkopf 1 (DKK1)). Here, we summarize the commonalities and differences between AA and vitiligo, focusing on their pathogenesis.
Establishment of a Homologous Silencing System with Intact-Plant Infiltration and Minimized Operation for Studying Gene Function in Herbaceous Peonies
Authors: Zhang Kaijing , Wang Xiaobin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Zhang Runlong , Guo Junhong , Wang Qiyao , Li Danqing , Shao Lingmei , Shi Xiaohua , Han Jingtong , Liu Zhiyang , Xia Yiping , Zhang Jiaping
Published: April 2024

Gene function verification is a crucial step in studying the molecular mechanisms regulating various plant life activities. However, a stable and efficient homologous genetic transgenic system for herbaceous peonies has not been established. In this study, using virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), a highly efficient homologous transient verification system with distinctive advantages was proposed, which not only achieves true “intact-plant” infiltration but also minimizes the operation. One-year-old roots of the representative species, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., were used as the materials; prechilling (4 °C) treatment for 3–5 weeks was applied as a critical precondition for P. lactiflora to acquire a certain chilling accumulation. A dormancy-related gene named HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31 (PlHB31), believed to negatively regulate bud endodormancy release (BER), was chosen as the target gene in this study. GFP fluorescence was detected in directly infiltrated and newly developed roots and buds; the transgenic plantlets exhibited remarkably earlier budbreak, and PlHB31 was significantly downregulated in silenced plantlets. This study established a homologous transient silencing system featuring intact-plant infiltration and minimized manipulation for gene function research, and also offers technical support and serves as a theoretical basis for gene function discovery in numerous other geophytes.