bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars to Perform Large Strain Compression Tests on Neoprene at Intermediate and High Strain Rates
Authors: Zhao Peng Duo , Wang Yu , Du Jian Ye , Zhang Lei , Du Zhi Peng , Lu Fang Yun
Published: March 2013

The strain rate sensitivity of neoprene is characterized using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system at intermediate (50 s-1, 100 s-1) and high (500 s-1, 1000 s-1) strain rates. We used two quartz piezoelectric force transducers that were sandwiched between the specimen and experimental bars respectively to directly measure the weak wave signals. A laser gap gage was employed to monitor the deformation of the sample directly. Three kinds of neoprene rubbers (Shore hardness: SHA60, SHA65, and SHA70) were tested using the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar. Experimental results show that the modified apparatus is effective and reliable for determining the compressive stress-strain responses of neoprene at intermediate and high strain rates.
The Effect of Ferrous-Titanium Addition on Microstructure of TiB2+TiC Duplex Particles Reinforced Surface Composite with Carbon Steel Matrix
Authors: Guo Chang Qin , Han Wen Hua
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a fabricating process and microstructural features of TiB2+TiC duplex particulates reinforced surface composite with carbon steel matrix. The effect of ferrous-titanium addition on microstructures is investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the surface compound layer do not exhibit at lower addition, but appear at higher addition. With increasing ferrous-titanium addition, the concentration and size of the synthesized particles at the surface compound layer are decreased, but the tendency of uniform distribution increased.
Effects of Laser Melting Treatment on Cavitation Erosion of 17-4PH Steel
Authors: Zhang Song , Bian Xu , Ren Yu Hang , Wang Chao , Zhang Chun Hua
Published: March 2013

Cavitation erosion behavior of 17-4PH steel used for large turbine blades and laser surface melting layer were investigated in simulated seawater 3.5%NaCl solution through an ultrasonic vibration system. The microstructure and the eroded surface and cross-section morphology were observed by SEM and OM, then the results were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the microstructures of 17-4PH stainless steels consist of martensitic matrix, ferrite and residual austenite. Compared with 17-4PH substrate, it found the microstructure of laser surface melting treatment became dense and homogenous, the microhardness increased 80HV. During cavitation test, the cavitation incubation period of laser surface melting sample raised 1 time than 17-4PH steel, and enhanced its cavitation resistance through fine grain strengthening.
Fabrication of Anti-Reflecting Silicon Surfaces for Solar Cells Using Ag Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: He Chun Lin , Yang Xue Fei , Ma Guo Feng , Wang Jian Ming , Du Zhao Fu , Zhao Dong Liang , Cai Qing Kui
Published: March 2013

Antireflection of silicon surface is one key technology for manufacture of efficient solar cells. The noble metal assisted chemical etching Si wafer can quickly produce a black Si surface with a high porosity in HF-H2O2-H2O solution at room temperature. The pores formed are straight and vertical to the surface of Si. The porous Si surface exhibits a reflectivity of 2 % in the range of 200-1000 nm, which shows that this process is beneficial to improve the conversion efficiency and to decrease the cost of Si solar cells.
Research on Tooth Profile Design of Spur Gears Based on Line of Action
Authors: Wang Jian , Hou Liang , Luo Shan Ming
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to propose a design method for tooth profiles of spur gears based on given line of action. A simplified derivation of the mathematical model of tooth profiles is introduced according to the meshing theory. Tooth profiles of spur gears, using a parabola as line of action, is established. The result shows that it will be better to control the performances of a gear set by specifying the shape of the line of action rather than specifying tooth profiles of mating gear.
Development of Concept Vehicle Model by CFD Method
Authors: Zhu Hui , Yang Zhi Gang
Published: March 2013

In this study, 3-dimensional flow characteristics around three concept EV models were computed for steady, incompressible, and viscous flow, adopting a realizable k-εturbulence model. In order to research the relationship between different structure of models and aerodynamic drag, comparative study were carried out for the aerodynamic characteristics of three concept EV models at a high Reynolds number, Re≈8.2×106(base on the vehicle length). As a result of this study, the new concept EV model with low aerodynamic drag was completed by integrating the advantages of three reference models.
Modeling of Capillary Burst Valve and Siphon with Hydrophilic Cover for Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Du Xin , Guo Li Jun
Published: March 2013

This paper reports numerical and experimental investigation of capillary burst valve and siphon, which were used in the centrifugal microfluidic systems widely. The simulation model is based on the solution of the minimum energy problem by the Surface Evolver software. In contrast to the solution of meniscus equilibrium equations, it can provide the appropriate boundary conditions for the microvalves with a hydrophilic flat cover. As an experimental verification, a centrifugal microfluidic device based on PDMS and glass was fabricated by soft lithography. The simulated results agree well with experimental data. The technology is useful for the design of microfluidic systems with complex wetting characters and geometries.
Applying Flame Spectrum on SVC-RVM Modeling for BOF Endpoint Prediction
Authors: Shao Yan Ming , Ji Feng , Zhao Shu An , Zhou Mu Chun , Chen Yan Ru , Zhao Qi
Published: March 2013

A new non-contact method for predicting the basic oxygen furnace(BOF) end point carbon content is proposed in this study. A model applying the flame spectrum of the converter vessel mouth is constructed to carry out the prediction. This model consists two parts, viz. a classifier based on support vector classification to classify the whole period of one BOF heat into two main phases, and a relevance vector machine working at the posterior phase to predict the carbon content. Compared with current non-contact methods of end point carbon content prediction, the proposed method can make better use of the information of the flame of the converter mouth. Simulations on industrial data show that this method yields good results on the classification as well as end point carbon content prediction.
LES-Based Numerical Simulation of Flow Noise for UUV with Full Appendages
Authors: Yao Shi , Guang Pan , Gao Huang Qiao
Published: March 2013

Numerical simulation of flow field and flow noise was carried out on SUBOFF with Lighthill acoustical analogy and large eddy simulation method. The results agreed well with the numerical and experimental results obtained from published literature. The validation of the computational method of flow noise used in this paper was carried out. The geometric model was established for the unmanned underwater vehicle with full appendages and the flow field’s computational region discretization was carried out by using structural grid. Numerical simulation of flow noise for unmanned underwater vehicle with full appendages was taken. The numerical results show that the angle of attack has little effect on the flow noise level of the vehicle while the angle ranged from 0° to 4°. Compared with the “＋”-type rudders, the flow noise level of the underwater vehicle with “X”-type rudders is about 3dB lower.
Investigation on Reproduction Characteristics of Light Paper
Authors: Jiang Wen Yan , Xu Yu Xiang
Published: March 2013

By experimental and comparison method, printing characteristics of light paper were studied. A test form was designed for monitoring reproduction processes and evaluating reproduction characteristics. Then it was output on film, plates, and paper in turns. Results showed that performance of paper has a direct impact on reproduction quality; prints made by light paper have less color saturation, lower print contrast, much dot loss in light areas and less color gamut than those by offset paper. However, the difference between them was very small. Under good control this environmental friendly paper was absolutely able to the high quantitative offset paper in book printing. Effective measurements of improving printing quality on light paper printing were derived
Finite Element Analysis of the Motorcycle Engine Connecting Rod
Authors: Jiao Yun Jing , Lin Man Qun , Zhai Xiu Yan , Ji Mei Na
Published: March 2013

The internal combustion engine should be enlarged the cylinder diameter for the Power requirements. In order to ensure the engine to work normally, it is needed to compute the strength of the connecting rod. Through adopting ANSYS software, the three-dimensional computational model is constructed, and the stress analysis is carried out. We can learn the stress field of process of deformation. Through calculation the stress and strength of connecting rod are derived. Using the stress which was calculated from ANSYS we can decide the Safety of connecting rod. In general, the analysis is meaningful to optimize the design of connecting rod.
Feasible Build Orientations for Self-Supporting Fused Deposition Manufacture: A Novel Approach to Space-Filling Tesselated Geometries
Authors: Leary Martin , Babaee Mohammad , Brandt Milan , Subic Aleksandar
Published: March 2013

Support material is often utilised in additive manufacture to enable geometries that are not otherwise self-supporting. Despite the associated opportunities for innovation, the use of support material also introduces a series of limitations: additional material cost, cost of removal of support material, potential contamination of biocompatible materials, and entrapment of support material within cellular structures. This work presents a strategy for minimising the use of support material by comparing the geometric limits of an additive manufacture process to the build angles that exist within a proposed geometry. This method generates a feasibility map of the feasible build orientations for a proposed geometry with a given process. The method is applied to polyhedra that are suitable for close packing to identify space-filling tessellated structures that can be self-supporting. The integrity of an FDM process is quantified, and using the associated feasibility map, self-supporting polyhedra are manufactured. These polyhedra are integrated with non-trivial geometries to achieve a reduction in consumed material of approximately 50%.
Nomenclature
Integration of the Technical Product Risk Assessment within the ISO 31000 Enterprise Risk Management Concept
Authors: Djapic Mirko , Popovic Predrag , Lukic Ljubomir
Published: March 2013

Throughout the 1990s, the European Union achieved, through introducing the New and Global Approach to technical harmonization and standardization, significant improvements to conformity assessment of products, by integrating safety requirements into the design process. This was achieved through preventative analysis and quantification of risk levels, with the objective of determining the scope of the required safety systems. On the other hand, we have witnessed the rapid development and implementation of holistic approaches to risk management in enterprises, collectively known as Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). Along these lines, this chapter presents the basis of the New and Global Approach, and provides a proposal for the integration of New Approach Directives risk assessment into the holistic approaches of risk management in organizations, such as ERM.
Reliability of Transportation Belt Rollers Used in Surface Coal Digging
Authors: Ivanović Gradimir , Mitrovic Radivoje , Jovanovic Dragan
Published: March 2013

Transport of ground and coal at the surface coal dig in Kostolac, Serbia, is done using transportation belts (3 - 5 kilometres in length) using the systems of BTR (Bagger-Transporter-Remover) and BTM (Bagger-Transporter-Mill). The transporter belt during circular movement is suspended on carry-rollers (during transport of weight) and on support-rollers (without weight). Two or three carry-rollers, or three support-rollers make a garland. Garlands (5 carry and 3 supporting) are built into a section and they enable the movement of belt over them. The number of sections depends on the transportation system length. Reliability of these systems is governed by the reliability of the carry and support rollers. In order to determine the reliability of the BTR and BTM systems, reliability analysis of both carry and support rollers was performed using the method of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD). In this paper the assessment of roller reliability is described using the FTA method with failure elements. The reliability function was determined on the basis of the RBD in the case where all of the constructive elements of the rollers are in operation the complex relationship, and when some of the elements are in failure mode the quasi-complex relationship.
Design Optimisation of Passenger Car Hood Panels for Improved Pedestrian Protection
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Revathi , Takla Monir , Subic Aleksandar , Scott Derek
Published: March 2013

This article presents research motivated by the prospect of imminent implementation of the new regulatory requirement for pedestrian protection GTR9 (Global Technical Regulation9). A new methodology has been developed for optimisation of the hood panel of passenger cars to ensure that the pedestrian Head Injury Criterion (HIC) falls below the threshold values specified by both the GTR9 and the consumer metric, the Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP). To meet the performance criteria for pedestrian protection head impact, it is vital to incorporate the associated design parameters into the hood design process at an early stage. These parameters are architectural in nature whereby changing them later in the vehicle design process would be very expensive and difficult to implement. The developed methodology for the design of a hood configuration aims to provide a robust and homogeneous HIC for different impact positions in the central area of the hood of a large sedan, taking into consideration the limited space available for deformation. The non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software LS-DYNA was used in this research to simulate the GTR-9/ANCAP pedestrian head impact testing procedures. The efficiency of a hood design was calculated as the ratio of the theoretical optimal deformation of hood assembly for a given value of HIC to the actual deformation calculated for the same HIC value of the corresponding numerical test. The efficiency and HIC value were derived for each configuration and compared to obtain the optimal solution for homogeneous performance and minimal deformation of outer and inner hood panels. The Kriging response surface and the Monte Carlo method were used in the design of numerical experiments. The outcomes of this study provide a clear indication that an optimum configuration of the hood panel of a passenger car can be developed to minimize the hood deformation while meeting the requirement for HIC value.
Explicit Parametric Method for Optimal Spur Gear Tooth Profile Definition
Authors: Atanasovska Ivana , Mitrovic Radivoje , Momcilovic Dejan
Published: March 2013

The gear tooth profile has an immense effect on the main operating parameters of gear pairs (load capacity, working life, efficiency, vibrations, etc). In current engineering research and practice, there is a strong need to develop methods for tooth profile optimization. In this paper a new method for selecting the optimal tooth profile parameters of spur gears is described. This method has been named the Explicit Parametric Method (EPM). The addendum modification coefficient, radius of root curvature, and pressure angle of the basic rack for cylindrical gears, have been identified as the main tooth profile parameters of spur gears. Therefore, the EPM selects the optimal values for these three tooth profile parameters. Special attention has been paid to develop a method of adjustment for the particular working conditions and explicit optimization requirements. The EPM for optimal tooth profile parameters of gears uses contact nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for calculation of deformations and stresses of gear pairs, in addition to explicit comparative diagrams for optimal tooth profile parameter selection.
Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for Linalool in Aqueous Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Li Heng De , Huang Cheng , Ma Xiao Zhong , Feng Yu Qing
Published: March 2013

Liquid-liquid equilibrium tie-line data were examined at atmospheric pressure and at 298.15 K for ternary mixtures of (water + methanol + linalool) as well as (water + ethanol + linalool). The distribution ratios of alcohol between organic and aqueous phases are discussed. The immiscible area of (water + methanol + linalool) system is wider than that for the ethanol system. The experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium data were satisfactorily fitted by means of an extended UNIQUAC model.
Optimization of Riboflavin Production by Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis X42 Using Statistical Designs
Authors: Li Zhen Xing , Yin Guo Min , Chen Tao
Published: March 2013

A sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs, was used to enhance the production of riboflavin by recombinant Bacillus subtilis X42. The two-level Plackett–Burman (PB) design was implemented to screen medium components that significantly influence riboflavin production. Among the 11 variables tested, glucose, yeast powder, MgSO4•7H2O, urea, CuCl2, MnCl2 were identified as the most significant factors (confidence levels above 95%) for riboflavin production. The selected significant parameters such as yeast powder, urea and CuCl2 were further optimized using a central composite design. The optimum medium was (in g/L): yeast powder, 20.8; urea, 4.8; CuCl2, 0.024; glucose, 100; MgSO4•7H2O, 0.5; K2HPO4, 0.5; KH2PO4, 1; FeCl2, 0.02. The optimum medium led to a maximum riboflavin concentration of 7.9 g/L in shake flasks, which was 11.2% higher than the control medium.
Preparation and Properties of DCP-Crosslinked Biobased Polyamide
Authors: Xue Xiao , Jia Qing Xiu , Zhao Guo Liang
Published: March 2013

In this work, a new bio-based hybrid polyamide (BDIS) was prepared and was cross-linked by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) with dose ranging from 1 to 7%. The state of cure was observed in vulcameter, and the vulcanization condition was determined subsequently. The cross-linking efficiency of BDIS/DCP blends was assessed using torque, gel content measurements and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DCP dose below 1% was not sufficient to reach gelation. Over 1%, the gel content increased with increasing DCP dose. The cross-linked BDIS films exhibited enhanced toughness and mechanical properties compared to precursors. Optimal mechanical properties were obtained with concentration of about 5 wt % DCP. At higher doses, the tensile strength and the elongation at break were decreased due to scission reactions.
Research on the Extraction of Dendranthema Morifolium Volatile Oils by Microwave-Assisted Steam Distillation Extraction
Authors: Cao Hui Lin , Liang Shuang Ran , Tian Yang , Chen Zhi Ling , Chao Jian Ping
Published: March 2013

Microwave-assisted steam extraction system combines the advantages of both conventional and modern technologies. MAE is probably going to be the leading technology in essential oil producing industry. In our research, one-factor and uniform experimental designs are used to determine the optimum extraction conditions, and the results are as follows: the extraction yield is measured as 2.30% with 3h of reflux time, when degree of pulverization is 90, immersing time is 3h, yield of solid to liquid equals 12: 1 ml/g. The chemicals in the production were examined by GC-MS. More than 40 kinds of chemicals were detected, which is consistent with that of the traditional steam extraction method. However, the extraction efficiency is dramatically increased when the steam extraction is assisted with microwave heating, and it is up to 3.8 times.
Hydrothermal Sulfidation of Hemimorphite with Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Li Cun Xiong , Wei Chang , Deng Zhi Gan , Li Min Ting , Li Xin Bing , Xu Hong Sheng
Published: March 2013

Direct flotation of zinc oxide ore is characterized by poor recovery of only around 50% of zinc. Hydrothermal sulfidation of hemimorphite with elemental sulfur resulted in the formation of stable metal sulfide compounds that would enhance zinc recovery by flotation process. The variables considered in the study were sulfur dosage, temperature, time, stirring speed and particle size. Temperature was the most important factor. The experimental data indicated that under the hydrothermal conditions with sulfur dosage 1.2, temperature 220 °C, time 180 min, agitation speed 500rpm and particle size74-106μm, and 73% hemimorphite conversion fraction was achieved.
Ultrasonication-Induced Rapid Gelation of Wild Silkworm Silk Fibroins
Authors: Liu Gui Yang , Xiong Si Yong , You Ren Chuan , Wang Ling Shuang , Li Ming Zhong
Published: March 2013

Silk fibroin （SF） hydrogels of the wild silkworm species Antheraea pernyi and Antheraea yamamai were obtained from aqueous SF solutions at room temperature. Both A. pernyi and A. yamamai solutions were slow to gelate. Hydrogels of the two species of wild silkworm were obtained rapidly following ultrasonicaton at 400–500 W. The secondary structure of the freeze-dried SF hydrogels was measured by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ultrasonication did not change the main secondary structure of the hydrogels, but it accelerated the structural transformation of silk fibroin molecules from random coil or α helix to β sheet and reduced the gelation time.
Thermodynamical Study on Rare Earth L-Isoleucine Chlorate Complexes [RE2(lle)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 (RE = Nd, Er)
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Xin Min , Yang Fan
Published: March 2013

Using perchloric acid, Nd2O3, Er2O3 and L-isoleucine (Ile) as raw materials, two crys-talline compounds of rare earth isoleucine chlorate, [Nd2(Ile)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6 and [Er2(Ile)4(H2O)8](ClO4)6, were synthesized. Their compositions were determined after chemical analysis, IR spectrum study, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). By using the RD496-2000 microcalorimeter, the standard enthalpies of formation of the synthesized compounds were obtained according to a pre-designed thermal cycle. Four sets of TG data with different heating rates (2.5 K•min-1, 5 K•min-1, 10 K•min-1 and 15 K•min-1) were obtained. After the exploration of the kinetic data in the non-isothermal thermal decomposition process, the activation energy E, the logarithm of the pre-exponential factor lnA, the reaction order n, and the dynamical equation of the water loss step were derived. Ozawa method was also used to test the obtained dy-namical data.
Synthesis and Characterization of 4-(3′-Chlorophenylamino)-6-Methoxy Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Yan He Ping , Huang Du Shu , Zhang Ju Cheng
Published: March 2013

Five compounds of 4-(3-Chlorophenylamino)-6-methoxy quinazoline compounds, including 7-(3-(o-tolyloxy)propoxy)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine,7-(3-(m-tolyloxy) propoxy)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine,7-(3-(p-tolyloxy)propoxy)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine,7-(3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propoxy)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine,7-(3-phenoxypropoxy)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine,were synthesized from N′-(5-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-cyano- 4-methoxyphenyl)- N, N-dimethylformamidine by cyclization，etheration, in the yield of 68.3%、53.8%、61.4%、75.6% and 87.4% respectively. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis.
Hijiki Seaweed (Hizikia fusiformis): Nutritional Value, Safety Concern and Arsenic Removal Method
Authors: Zheng Tao , Liu Cheng Chu , Yang Jing Ya , Liu Qi Gen , Li Jia Le
Published: March 2013

This study reported the nutritional components and heavy metals of Hijiki seaweed (Hizikia fusiformis) and investigated the efficacy of aqueous extraction method to remove inorganic arsenic from Hijiki seaweed. Hijiki contained 12.2% of crude proteins, 1.8% of total lipids, 14.0% of ashes, 11.3% of total fiber with dry weight, respectively. The content of protein and ashes were slightly lower than other edible seaweeds including Laminaria japonica, Porphyra tenera, Undaria pinnatifida, Palmaria palmate, while the total fiber was much higher compared with those four seaweeds (6.7-7.8%), which showed more benefits to human health especially to intestines. However, Hijiki contained extremely high amount of heavy metal arsenic (total arsenic: 100mg/kg; inorganic arsenic: 44 mg/kg, dry weight), which might be a major safety concern for human consumption. We developed an aqueous removal method to remove inorganic arsenic from Hijiki. The majority of inorganic arsenic (95.9-96.6%) was removed at optimal condition (50°C, pH 4, 8-12h).The inorganic arsenic content of Hijiki ranged from 0.37 mg/kg to 0.46 mg/kg with wet weight after the treatment and met the hygienic standard for marine algae and algae products.
Muscle Fiber Types, Characteristics and Meat Quality
Authors: Su Lin , Li Hui , Xin Xue , Duan Yan , Hua Xiao Qing , Jin Ye
Published: March 2013

Muscle fiber is the basic unit of muscle tissue, this paper summarized the types of muscle fiber of animals, the influence factors of muscle fiber type distribution and the muscle fiber type conversion in the process of growth constantly. Discuss the important effect of muscle fiber type on meat quality.
Process Study on the Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Flavonoids from Shepherd's Purse
Authors: Pan Ming , Wang Shi Kuan , Yuan Xian Ling , Xie Ren You , Hong Yu Cheng , Liu Hui Jie
Published: March 2013

Using ultrasonic assisted enzymatic, the flavonoids extracted from shepherd's purse. Through the single factor experiment, using the Box-Behnken central composite design, response surface test is designed to establish a mathematical model. By performing the verification experiment to give the optimum reaction conditions as following: extracting temperature 51°C, time 59min, Ultrasonic power 122WH, The flavonoid content reaches a maximum 1.1160%.
Ultrasonic Extraction of Phenolics from Longan Seed by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Lin Li Jing , Huang Xiao Bing , Li Ji Hua , Ran Xu , Tang Yong Fu
Published: March 2013

A Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters of ultrasonic extraction of phenolics from longan seed based on the single-factor experiments. The effects of extraction temperature, methanol concentration and extraction time on the extraction yield of phenolics from longan seed were investigated. The major parameter influencing the extraction was the extraction temperature. In this experiment, the maximal extraction yield of phenolics was obtained with 5.931 ± 0.016% (n = 3) at extraction temperature 82°C, methanol concentration 50% and extraction time 41 min. Under optimal conditions, the activity predicted by the model agreed well with experimental data.
Protective Effect of Nitric Oxide Pathway in L-Citrulline Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Ling Xin , Fu Xiao Bin , Liu Li , Tian Xia , Sun Ling Yan , Liu Yi
Published: March 2013

To observe the protective effects of L-citrulline on the renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and elucidate the mechanisms involved. Forty-eight rats were randomized into eight groups. At the end of the reperfusion period, serum was collected and the kidneys were removed for histological and biochemical examinations. Our results showed that pretreatment with L-citrulline significantly ameliorated the renal injury caused by I/R. Moreover, L-citrulline increased the levels of NO. The I/R-induced decreases in total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, inducible NOS activity and constitutive NOS activity in the renal cortex were significantly prevented. These results suggested that L-citrulline administration exhibited significant protection on renal I/R injury.
Study on N-(pyridin-4-Yl) Salicylamides as Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Xin Zhi Jun , Jia Zhong , He Dian , Liang Jian Ping , Tao Lei , Li Xue Hu , Lu Xi Hong
Published: March 2013

A series of N-(pyridin-4-yl) salicylamides derivatives were prepared through acylation of the corresponding acetylsalicyloyl chlorides with substituted 4-amino-pyridines. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Mycobacterium avium (A) by the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values. Eight of the compounds exhibited lower MIC against A than isoniazide (INH). Meanwhile, four of the compounds exhibited good anti-TB activity, when they were compared with INH. Antimycobacterial activities of N-(pyridin-4-yl) salicylamides were influenced by the balance between hydrophobicity and electron-withdrawing substituent effect on the phenyl and pyridine ring. These studies show that these compounds might serve as prospective wide-spectrum antimycobacterial substances.
Applications of Ultrafiltration-Nanofiltration Membrane Continuous Combination Technology for Refining of Milk-Derived Oligosaccharides
Authors: An Sheng Ming , Wu Jin Hong , Qian Li Fang , Gao Yan Ling , Wu Yan , Yu Guo Ping
Published: March 2013

The galactooligosaccharide (GOS) was produced by Bulgarian lactic acid bacteria fermentation and further refined by application of an ultrafiltration-nanofiltration continuous membrane combination technology established in this paper. Results revealed that the optimum of membrane operation conditions for ultrafiltration were 0.05 Mpa at the feed concentration of 2.5 g/L, and the optimal conditions for nanofiltration were 45 °C, 0.4 Mpa. After refining by membrane combination technology, 96.70% of proteins were removed and the relative quality ratio of the refined GOS product was increased by 22 times or so, which mainly contained oligomers with DP 3 and DP 2, and mostly distributed between 108 Da and 2415 Da. These findings suggest that the ultrafiltration-nanofiltration continuous membrane combination technology is a new and favorable processes method for enrich or refining of milk-derived GOS obtained by fermentation.
Effect of Processing on the Secondary Haze Formation in Clarified Apple Juice
Authors: Yi Xin Xin , Wang Fang , Pang Mei Xia , Tan Feng , Qi Jing Hua
Published: March 2013

Compositions that related to the secondary haze compositions in clarified apple juice were studied. Pressing treatment, pasteurization and enzymatic treatment were mainly investigated. Turbidity, contents of phenolics components, and that of soluble proteins in three batches of apple juice were monitored at intervals during the processing procedures. Pressing treatment resulted in increasing the turbidity and contents of total phenolics, condensed tannins, soluble proteins, but decreasing the level of low molecular- weight phenolics in apple juice. Pasteurization had effects on increasing the level of turbidity and decreasing the level of soluble proteins and had little effects on the level of phenolics components in apple juice. Enzymatic treatment resulted in decreasing the turbidity and the levels of catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidins B2 and condensed tannins and increasing the level of soluble proteins in apple juice. It will help to control the secondary haze formation in apple juice production.
Fermentation Process Optimization of Mulberry Black Tea by RSM
Authors: Sun Guo Xia , Liang Yao , Wang Jun , Wu Fu An
Published: March 2013

Mulberry leaves contained flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides components, which were a dual-purpose scarce resource with drug and food. Fermentation process factors of mulberry black tea were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the optimal parameters of fermentation process were as follows: fermentation time 5 h, fermentation temperature 30 °C and amounts of spore suspension (SS) 0.16 %. Compared with mulberry fresh leaf, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, polyphenols, free amino acids, rutin, quercetin, and 1-DNJ of mulberry black tea processed under optimal conditions increased by 3.06 %, 17.13 %, 33.07 %, 86.46 %, 37.5 % and 6.86 %, respectively.
Preparative Separation and Purification of Lancifodilactone C from Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography
Authors: Li Bin , Meng Xian Jun , Zhu Li Jie , Jiao Xin Yao
Published: March 2013

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully applied to the preparative separation and purification of lancifodilactone C from the crude extracts of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Following an initial cleaning-up step on the AB-8 macroporous resin, a preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of Chloroform- n-Butyl alcohol- methanol -water(10:0.5:8:4，v/v) was used to isolate and separate lancifodilactone C from Schisandra Chinensis(Turcz.) Baill. A total of 101 mg lancifodilactone C with purities of 98.2% were obtained from 1000 mg crude extract in one-step elution and less than 1 h, and the structure identification was performed by UV, IR, MS,1H NMR and13C NMR.
Studies on the Quality Change of Cloudy Jujube Juice during Storage
Authors: Zhao Guang Yuan , Chang Yang , Zong Wei
Published: March 2013

120 day storage experiment at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C of Cloudy Jujube Juice was conducted. The content of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and the colour were assessed by analysis techniques. During the storage period of juice, the L* value decreased and the a*value increased with prolonged storage time and increased temperature. The degree of color changing as well as the loss of tannin and ascorbic acid in the juice increased as the prolonged storage time and increased temperatures. The colour change (△E) of juice during the storage was caused mainly by the degradation of ascorbic acid and the oxidative polymerization of polyphenols and could be avoided by storing juice at a lower temperature. The quality change of cloudy jujube juice during storage was acceptable. GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile components in cloudy jujube juice were mainly acids and aldehydes.
The Effect of Different Washing Treatments on grass carp Surimi
Authors: Cheng Fen Fen , Yuan Mei Lan , Zhao Li , Su Wei , Wu Run Feng
Published: March 2013

The effect of different washing treatments on the gelatin properties and quality characteristics of grass carp surimi was studied. Distilled water, 0.5% NaCl, 0.5% NaHCO3, 0.6% CaCl2 and a mixture of 0.1% NaCl and 0.2% NaHCO3 were used for washing minced meat of grass carp. The effects on moisture, protein, fat, expressible moisture, whiteness and gel strength were analyzed. Moisture content increased while fat and protein decreased after each washing treatment. The maximum moisture increase was 6.54% which was found in the surimi washed with 0.1% NaCl and 0.2% NaHCO3. When the sample was washed using 0.5% NaHCO3, moisture content increased by 1.66%. Compared to unwashed grass carp surimi, the whiteness and expressible moisture were improved effectively using different washing treatments. The highest whiteness was found using 0.6% CaCl2. Only when 0.6% CaCl2 solution was used for washing, the gel strength of surimi improved.
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Canned Fruits of Litchi chinensis, Prunus persica, and Ananas comosus Marketed in the Philippines
Authors: Solidum Judilynn N.
Published: March 2013

Monitoring of heavy metals in consumer products is essential in order to aid in the production of safer food commodities for the Filipino public. Ten canned fruits commercially available in Metro Manila, Philippines were randomly selected for the study. Five brands of canned fruits of Prunus persica (peaches), three of Litchi chinensis (lychees) , and two of Ananas comosus (pineapple) were tested for lead, cadmium and chromium levels. The fruit and syrup portions were separately tested quantitatively for the said heavy metals through Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Chromium was found to be present in nine out of the ten syrup samples from the canned fruits while cadmium is present in one syrup sample of canned peaches. All the amounts of the heavy metals were in acceptable chromium and cadmium levels for consumption. Lead was observed to be present in acceptable values in the solid fruits of all samples analyzed. Four syrup samples showed lead levels with the syrup from peaches exceeding the allowed safe limit. The rest of the syrup samples went below the detection limit of the instrument. Higher number of canned fruits and other canned products in the market must be analyzed with regard to lead, cadmium and chromium to complete the baseline data related to contaminants in these products for consumer safety.
Optimization of Culture Media and ITS Identification of Tricholoma matsutake
Authors: Wang Ji Zhong , Jiang Zhong Hai , Zheng Shang Yong
Published: March 2013

Aims: To optimize the culture media of 0288 Tricholoma matsutake and to identify it according to its rDNA ITS sequence. Methods: Fruit body, collected from Heilongjiang province, is used as the material, and the mycelium is isolated and radiated under ultraviolet. Then the radiated mycelium is cultured in five different media and its morphology of fungus colony and growth rate are investigated. After that, the rDNA ITS sequences of 0288 and the natural fruit body of T. matsutake are analyzed and identified by PCR and sequencing. Results: The radiated mycelium grew faster in formula A culture medium than others and its average growth rate is up to 0.575mm/d. Results also showed that the homology of the rDNA ITS sequence is almost up to 99% between 0288 and the natural fruit body. Through this experiment, the best growth condition of 0288 is obtained and its fruit body is induced as pure cultural product. It would lay strong foundation for the artificial domestication of the wild T. matsutake.
Chromium Contamination in Sediments of Love River Mouth, Taiwan
Authors: Chang Li Chen , Dong Cheng Di , Chen Chih Feng , Chen Chiu Wen
Published: March 2013

The distribution, enrichment, accumulation, and potential ecological risk of chromium (Cr) in the surface sediments of Love River mouth, Taiwan, were investigated. Sediment samples from ten locations located near the river mouth were collected and characterized for Cr. The results show that samples collected at all monitoring points near the Love River mouth contain 63–204 mg/kg of Cr with average of 128±50 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of Cr reveals that the Cr concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. This indicates that upstream industrial and municipal wastewater discharges along the river bank are major sources of pollution. Results from the enrichment factor analysis imply that the sediments can be characterized as minor to moderate degree of Cr enrichment. Results of geo-accumulation index analysis indicate that the sediments can be characterized as none to moderate degree of Cr accumulation. Results of potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediments at Love River mouth have low ecological potential risk.
Research on PLC Based Pulverized Coal Sample Preparation Transfer Mechanize
Authors: Yan Hong Wei , Wang Yang , Lu Hui Shan , Gao Qiang
Published: March 2013

In view of China’s current coal crushing equipment size is too large, this paper aim to design a small coal sample preparation system. This system utilizes the principle of the cone crusher for coarse crushing, and after the pulverized coal is dried in drying apparatus, it will let the pulverized coal enters into the fine grinding device from fixed screening device. The pulverized coal pulverized by fine grinding apparatus, classification by the classification device, and enters into the infrared light detecting device from transmission apparatus to detect its composition. This device’s transmission is based on control of PLC to achieve. At first, this paper describe the operating principle of PLC, then select the hardware and software components of transfer part, and simulate the control part at last.
Study on Fluid-Flow Characteristics of a New Type Efficient Uniform-Flow Packed Equipment
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou San Ping
Published: March 2013

In order to deal with the “wall flow effect” and the “scaling effect” that commonly exist in packed tower, a new type of efficient symmetrical-flow packed equipment was developed. In the same condition, the symmetrical-flow packed equipment was studied comparatively with the common packed equipment by experimental and numerical simulation, and the results such as wall-flow contours and velocity distribution were given. The study results showed that the wall flow was significantly reduced by about 31% and the gas-liquid velocity was more uniformly distributed compared to the normal packed tower. The results showed that the symmetrical-flow packed equipment had a very good effect on improving the uniform distribution of the macroscopic flowing of fluid. The symmetrical-flow packed equipment, therefore, can effectively reduce the “wall-flow effect” and eliminated the “scaling effect”, and also increase the mass transfer efficiency of the packed tower is improved.
Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Solid-Liquid Separation of Horizontal Spiral Sedimentation Centrifuge
Authors: Huang Qiu Bo , Liu Qing Jie , Zang Sheng Ju
Published: March 2013

The separation efficiency, separation factor, flow and other parameters are closely related in terms of horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge. This article takes lwb350 horizontal spiral sedimentation centrifuge for example, with the help of FLUENT software, the relationship among the separation efficiency and the working speed as well as feed flow is analyzed through the numerical simulation of solid-liquid separation, which can provide reference for the application of simulation analysis and research on properties of spiral centrifuge.
The Influence of Different Stirring Methods on Crystallization Process of Ammonium Persulfate
Authors: Fan Yu Guang , Hua He Wei , Chen Bing , Zhou San Ping , Lin Hong Xian
Published: March 2013

Thorough research is performed on crystallization process of ammonium persulfate，the influence of different mixing method on crystallization process of the ammonium persulfate is discussed in this paper, the influence of temperature on crystallization process is also discussed, and then the optimum mixing method for the crystallization of ammonium persulfate is achieved. All these will do great favor to improve the stability of crystallization process of ammonium persulfate .
A Review on the Immobilization of Heavy Metals with Geopolymers
Authors: Zhang Xi Ling , Yao Ai Ling , Chen Lin
Published: March 2013

Geopolymers Are Attracting Great Interest from Mining and Energy Industries Alike, to Solve their Pressing Waste Disposal Problems. Geopolymers for Immobilization of Heavy Metal Consist of an Alkaline Activator and Cementing Components, such as Metakaolin, Coal Fly Ash, Slag, Etc., or a Combination of Two or More of them. its Main Hydration Product Is Aluminosilicate Gel at Room Temperature. Properly Designed Geopolymers Can Exhibit both Higher Strengths and Lower Leading than Portland Cement. the Exact Mechanism by which Heavy Metal Immobilization Occurs Is Not Fully Understood, and it Is Thought to Be Caused by Three Routes. this Paper Also Analyzes the Existing Problems in the Process on the Immobilization of Heavy Metal with Geopolymers Research, and its Development Is Prospected.
Phase Transformation of P91 Steels upon Cooling after Short Term Overheating above Ac1 and Ac3 Temperature
Authors: Peng Ng Guat , Ahmad Badrol , Muhamad Mohd Razali , Ahadlin Mohd
Published: March 2013

Advanced ferritic steels containing 9 wt% Cr are widely used in the construction of supercritical and ultra supercritical boiler components. Grade 91 is one of the most common alloys used in this application. The microstructure of the as supplied 91 materials consists of a tempered martensite matrix, a fine dispersion of intergranular chromium rich M23C6 precipitates and intragranular carbonitrides MX particles rich in V and Nb. This steel requires post weld heat treatment (PWHT) to produce a tempered microstructure after welding to develop excellent creep strength for high temperature service. Based on past experience, situations may arise whereby the components are subjected to an accidental ‘overshoot’ in temperature during PWHT. The consequence is the formation of deleterious phases which will result in undesirable changes in material property. In this research, P91 base metal specimens were heated to various peak temperatures in a laboratory furnace. Heat treatment parameters, as practiced at site, were applied. Peak temperatures applied were below Ac1, between Ac1 and Ac3, and above Ac3. Hardness measurement demonstrated a significant reduction once the Ac1 temperature was exceeded, due to the presence of soft α-ferrite matrix. As the temperature was increased towards Ac3, newly transformed fresh martensite which is hard and brittle in nature would form the dominant matrix. The phase transformation and precipitate morphology changes were studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Three factors were identified to determine the phase transformation: (1) the homogeneity level and amount of precipitates dissolved in austenitic matrix upon heating; (2) slow cooling rate that may shift the cooling curve to enter ferrite nose and (3) deviation in chemical composition.
Adsorption Properties of Pomelo Peels against Methylene Blue in Dye Wastewater
Authors: Hou Su Xia
Published: March 2013

Pomelo peel was chosen as adsorbent to treat the simulated dye wastewater with methylene blue. The research results showed the removal rate of 140mg/L methylene blue solution with 100mL could reach more than 83% under the optimum conditions, which were as follows: 0.4g pomelo peels powder, reaction temperature 30°C, pH value 8 and oscillating time 60min.Theoretical saturation absorptive capacity of pomelo peel was 133mg/g at 30°C.The whole adsorption process can be well described by the Langmuir and Temkin isothermal adsorption equation and secondary adsorption rate equations.
Interfacial Microstructure Investigation of Diffusion Bonded New Ni-Cr-W Superalloy Using Cu Interlayer
Authors: Hu Rui , Meng Xian Lin , Tang Bin , Wang Chuan Yun , Kou Hong Chao , Li Jin Shan
Published: March 2013

The solid-state diffusion bonding processes were successfully carried out to join new Ni-Cr-W superalloys at different temperatures (850°C-950°C), under pressures of 20MPa and holding 45min in a vacuum furnace by taking Cu foil as interlayer. The influence of bonding temperature on the microstructural evolution and the diffusion behavior across the joints was investigated in details. Results indicate that the Ni-Cu solid solutions in the interface lead to a sound bonding interface without any void or impurity. As the temperature increases, the reaction layers become thicker due to the decrease of M23C6 precipitation in the grain boundaries and the rise of atoms diffusion capability. Furthermore, hardness measuremental result also reveals that the increased thickness of reaction layers cannot improve the microhardness of bonding interfaces apparently.