bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normalcy, discrepancy, and alternatives : some representations of the American woman from the postwar years to the sixties
Authors: Chazalon Élodie
Published: August 2023

This article examines major representations of the American woman in the middlebrow press from the end of the Second World War to the counterculture. The diverse and challenging feminine figures that appeared throughout the period, namely the working girl, the vamp, and the masculine woman, will be analyzed as déjà vu, as they effectively served as a foil to a hegemonic picture that was presented as embodying true, authentic femininity : the housewife-loving mother. Our argument is that the bifocal representations of the American woman helped maintain essentialist views on femininity. At the same time, we construe that it is the interplay between the authentic and the déjà vu that has paved the way for the more alternative constructionist gender studies of the late 1960s.
The Gricean Cooperative Principle at Work in Fictional Narratives : the Case of Reporting Clauses
Authors: Ceccaldi Aurélie
Published: August 2023

Reporting clauses (RCs) generally comply with the Gricean cooperative principle (1975) and its attendant conversational maxims within the framework of direct speech representation. RCs are commonly used in direct speech to provide additional or missing information, thus fulfilling the maxim of quantity and falling within the scope of “attributive discourse”. But many RCs appear to infringe upon the maxims. Grice argues that utterances which flout one or more of the four maxims do not truly imperil the above-mentioned principle ; on the contrary, they generate “implicatures”, or hidden meanings which can only be recovered through cooperation and interpretation. In this article, the focus is on the implicatures generated by the use of overtly transgressive RCs in literary texts, on the premise that cooperation is at work between the narrator and the reader in fiction.
The Impossible Prison ? Crime, Penal Policy and Society in Nineteenth-Century England
Authors: Davie Neil
Published: August 2023

Cet article met à l’épreuve des faits, l’analyse la plus courante de «la prison victorienne», à savoir un ensemble immuable et incontesté de pratiques et de discours punitifs, ayant pour corollaire l’établissement d’édifices carcéraux imposants, tels que ceux de Pentonville, Reading ou Dartmoor. Cette conception, associée aux influents travaux de l’historien Michael Ignatieff, voit dans le «penitentiary» l’avènement d’un nouveau paradigme, approuvé officiellement dans les premières décennies du XIXe siècle, et dominant la politique pénale pour le reste du siècle. Si l’on prend l’exemple de Millbank, premier «penitentiary» pour forçats édifié en 1816, la réalité semble toutefois bien différente. Les réformateurs de prison durent déployer beaucoup d’efforts pour se faire entendre dans le marché très concurrentiel de la politique pénale, et ce avec un succès souvent mitigé. Lorsqu’ils réussirent à mettre en œuvre leurs idées nouvelles, notamment dans la construction et la gestion des prisons, leur politique, loin de faire l’unanimité, fut accompagnée de controverses et accusée d’échec. Même la prison de Pentonville (1842), souvent considérée comme le fleuron du régime pénitentiaire britannique, n’échappa pas à ce destin.
“Superhuman inhumanities” : paradigmes et paradoxes de la Première Guerre mondiale dans la poésie britannique
Authors: Tholoniat Yann
Published: August 2023

La Première Guerre mondiale a mis fin aux traditionnelles représentations de ce qu’un conflit est ou doit être . La guerre technologique moderne et les massacres de masse ont mis à mal des notions paradigmatiques telles que «la guerre» ou «l’héroïsme», tels qu’elles ont été héritées de récits anciens comme l'lliade et d’autres poèmes épiques. Plusieurs poètes se sont efforcés d’exprimer et de dénoncer les paradoxes de ce nouveau contexte, ainsi que l’écart entre les attentes idéalisées et les dures conditions de vies dans les tranchées et sur le champ de bataille. D’autres exemples pris dans les domaines du cinéma (War Horse de Steven Spielberg) et de la peinture (Paul Nash) proposent des redéfinitions similaires de la guerre. Parmi les poètes, Siegfried Sassoon et Wilfred Owen, plus particulièrement, ont réussi à mettre en mots et en voix de nombreux paradoxes de la Première Guerre mondiale, même au prix de contradictions personnelles.
Nature en ville et conflits urbains
Authors: Baudry Sandrine
Published: August 2023

La question de la nature en ville peut sembler a priori anodine et consensuelle, en particulier en ces temps d’inquiétude concernant le changement climatique et autres problèmes environnementaux. Cependant, une approche diachronique et ethnographique des politiques et pratiques autour de cette nature urbaine révèle des dynamiques complexes, mouvantes et parfois conflictuelles entre acteurs. En se penchant sur des études de cas essentiellement new-yorkaises, cet article s’attache à soulever et analyser les rapports de domination incarnés, révélés ou masqués par les pratiques de verdissement de la ville, leur éventuel potentiel contestataire ou leur instrumentalisation dans divers contextes socio-économiques, et ce depuis la fin du XIXe siècle.
Femmes et hommes migrants en provenance des nouveaux États membres de l'UE dans le monde de l’emploi en Irlande : réalités rugueuses
Authors: Da Col Richert Marie-Jeanne
Published: August 2023

L’accélération économique en Irlande depuis la fin des années 1990 a stimulé l’immigration, encouragée par une volonté gouvernementale d’ouverture du marché du travail aux nouveaux États membres de l’Union européenne. Les pans traditionnellement féminisés du secteur des services tels que les soins, l’aide à domicile, la restauration et la vente, ainsi que le secteur particulier de l’agriculture que sont les fermes à champignons, ont attiré des migrantes originaires de ces pays vers des emplois ingrats, précaires et mal payés. Cette main-d’œuvre mobile est recrutée au-dessous de son niveau de qualification et peine à faire valoir ses droits. Elle sert de variable d’ajustement à une économie flexible, dérégulée, épaulée par des politiques migratoires visant à protéger la culture du pays contre l’influence étrangère.
The Linguistic Function of the Marker Steady in African American English
Authors: Larroque Patrice
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the linguistic function of the marker steady in African American English and its link with the speaker’s involvement in productions which exhibit typical examples of steady as it is used by African American speakers. Interviews and songs provide authentic representations of Black English which is characterized as a nonstandard spoken version of the language because of marked differences from General American. Although African American English shares a number of features with other nonstandard varieties, syntactic patterns such as steady + V-ing are rule-governed, so it seems accurate to analyze the structure and its evolution in terms of grammaticality in this particular speech genre.
The Second-person Pronoun Across Genres
Authors: Sorlin Sandrine
Published: August 2023

Cet article est né d’un constat : l’utilisation en apparence de plus en plus fréquente aujourd’hui du pronom de seconde personne dans divers genres discursifs. Les genres à l’étude concernent ceux dans lesquels la dyade I/you (destinateur/ destinataire) ne peut être réciproque. L’attention se porte ici sur les discours qui mettent en évidence, à travers l’utilisation du pronom de seconde personne, la présence du lecteur/de l’auditoire, rendant de ce fait une forme d’intersubjectivité particulièrement visible. Le but de cet article est de montrer qu’aussi variés que soient les buts pragmatiques de la communication dans la publicité, les slogans politiques, les tweets ou en fiction par exemple, le pronom de seconde personne tend à générer des effets similaires : adoptant un mode faussement conversationnel, il entraîne un changement de perspective et de focalisation dont le but est d’attirer l’attention et la confiance du destinataire. Cet article montre à la fois la force pragmatique du pronom dont la référence versatile est dûment exploitée dans les divers genres, d’autant plus qu’il semble pouvoir troubler les démarcations génériques habituelles, et le risque encouru par l’utilisation d’une telle stratégie d’implication et de transgression.
The Expression and Triggering of Surprise in Joseph Jacobs’s Tales
Authors: Perbet Héloïse , Paulin Catherine
Published: August 2023

Nous nous intéressons ici à l’émotion que Ekman (2003 : 148) considère comme «la plus brève de toutes les émotions» : la surprise. Le but de cette recherche est d’analyser les principaux outils linguistiques utilisés pour encoder la surprise dans les contes européens de Joseph Jacobs. Dans un genre court comme le conte, la surprise joue un rôle important dans le développement du récit. Le conte étant généralement destiné à un jeune public qu’il faut divertir, l’utilisation de la mirativité à des fins pragmatiques est à prendre en considération. En effet, nous prenons en compte l’interaction dans l’expression et la réception de la surprise et plus spécifiquement la relation interpersonnelle entre le narrateur et le lecteur, ou l’auditeur si le conte est raconté à l’oral. Après avoir traité du lien entre la surprise et la mirativité dans une première partie, nous centrons le propos sur l’expression de la surprise la plus explicite, à travers le lexique. Ainsi, nous étudions la façon dont les adjectifs surprised et astonished sont utilisés pour montrer qu’ils découlent d’une stratégie qui n’est pas uniquement descriptive mais qui participe également à rendre le récit plus dynamique. Dans une troisième section, nous étudions certains marqueurs d’interruptions dans le discours qui peuvent être considérés comme des outils narratifs à part entière, puisqu’ils visent à déclencher la surprise du récepteur, non par la dimension surprenante des événements eux-mêmes, mais par la façon dont ils sont introduits et présentés dans le récit. Nous nous intéressons à la brièveté de l’émotion de surprise, qui se retrouve dans les caractéristiques temporelles de certaines constructions grammaticales qui illustrent un temps très court, voire même l’absence de temps, entre deux événements de l’histoire. Finalement, nous analyserons les interruptions du récit à travers les interventions du narrateur quand il s’adresse directement au lecteur ou à l’auditeur en faisant appel à sa surprise.
“Screamin’ and Shoutin’ !” A Cultural and Lexicographic Study of Exultation in Jazz
Authors: Szlamowicz Jean
Published: August 2023

This study aims at mapping out a certain number of concepts that jazz has used to describe emotions. As such, emotions are coded in a network of preset cultural references and not just personal experiences. The description of jazz as a form of language, often presented as the equivalent of a vocal utterance, is part of the aesthetic fabric of the music. The emotions that are described by those means are based on that correspondence between language and music, and are often derived from an implicit comparison with church practices such as preaching or whooping. The spiritual dimension of emotions is further embedded in descriptions of vocal extremes (screaming, shouting, growling, moaning...) and other hyperbolic metaphors, especially connected to fire (hot, cook, smoke, burn, steam...). The allusive value of such words establishes a shared connection between speech community members, revealing the cultural structure of the description of emotions.
WEB-BASED DIGITAL STORYTELLING (DST) FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Wan Yuliyanti , Herpendi
Published: August 2023

Storytelling is generally done by adults, for example teachers to students, older siblings to younger siblings, or parents to their children, either using books, pictures or other props. Lately there has been a rise in media or props designed using digital media. This media helps elementary school (SD) students who are starting to be fluent and interested in reading words or sentences in English, including students aged 10 years and over, especially in terms of fairy tales or storytelling. Digital storytelling, especially in the form of short personally-narrated stories first pioneered by the Center for Digital Storytelling in Berkeley in 1993, is a practice that has now expanded throughout English-speaking countries and Western Europe, and has a smaller but growing presence in the developing world (Davis & Foley, 2016). Through this digital media, students are facilitated in reading storytelling so that it is easier and makes it easier for teachers to assess students' reading abilities, especially in English, namely the pronunciation. Furthermore, this storytelling can be used easily by students through a digital application on a smartphone or computer or laptop as a medium of delivery, so that it becomes a Digital Storytelling (DST). Thus, students aged 10 and over can read and search for the stories they want, anytime and anywhere, especially via smartphones.
Спогади про знайомство і співпрацю з генієм науки В.М. Глушковим
Authors: Клименко Вiталiй Петpович
Published: August 2023

Сьогодні, в річницю 100-літнього ювілею з дня народження видатного вченого, засновника української школи кібернетики, надзвичайно талановитого організатора науки, державного діяча академіка Віктора Михайловича Глушкова, не можу не поділитися спогадами про цю Велику людину, зустріч і співпраця з якою відіграли визначальну роль у моїй науковій та науково-технічній долі.
Прискорене моделювання ймовірності блокування вимог у мережі обслуговування з множинним доступом та періодичними інтенсивностями вхідних потоків
Authors: Кузнєцов Микола Юрійович , Кузнєцов Ігор Миколайович , Шумська Алла Антонівна
Published: August 2023

Досліджується модель мережі обслуговування, структура якої визначається неорієнтовним графом. Кожне ребро графа має певну пропускну здатність. Задано декілька пар вершин (терміналів), між якими має бути встановлений зв’язок для обслуговування різнотипних пуасонівських потоків вимог. Інтенсивності цих потоків є періодичними функціями з одним і тим же періодом. Вимога для свого обслуговування потребує певного ресурсу. Для кожної пари терміналів є перелік маршрутів їх можливого з’єднання. Вибір маршруту для обслуговування вимоги залежить від ресурсу, який потребується для її обслуговування, та від поточної пропускної здатності кожного ребра цього маршруту. Обирається перший маршрут з переліку, що задовольняє дану умову (умова доступності). Тривалість обслуговування (з’єднання) має довільний розподіл, який визначається типом вимоги та відповідним ресурсом. Якщо жоден з маршрутів не задовольняє умову доступності, то мережа обслуговування знаходиться у стані блокування вимог даного потоку із заданим ресурсом. Запропоновано метод прискореного моделювання стаціонарних імовірностей знаходження мережі у стані блокування вимог певного потоку, які вимагають заданий ресурс для свого обслуговування. Числові приклади ілюструють суттєвий виграш у часі моделювання порівняно з методом Монте–Карло, а також показують, наскільки зростає відносна похибка оцінок, коли ймовірність блокування прямує до нуля.
Unsupervised Feature Selection Based on Self-configuration Approaches using Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Ananda Ridho , Dewi Atika Ratna , Mohd Amin Maifuza Binti , Huda Miftahul , Gushelmi Gushelmi
Published: August 2023

Some researchers often collect features so the principal information does not lose. However, many features sometimes cause problems. The truth of analysis results will decrease because of the irrelevant or repetitive features. To overcome it, one of the solutions is feature selection. They are divided into two, namely supervised and unsupervised learning. In supervised, the feature selection can only be carried out on data containing labels. Meanwhile, in unsupervised, there are three approaches correlation, configuration, and variance. This study proposes an unsupervised feature selection by combining correlation and configuration using multidimensional scaling (MDS). The proposed algorithm is MDS-Clustering, which uses hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering. The result of MDS-clustering is compared with the existing feature selection. There are three schemes in the comparison process, namely, 75\%, 50\%, and 25\% feature selected. The dataset used in this study is the UCI dataset. The validities used are the goodness-of-fit of the proximity matrix (GoFP) and the accuracy of the classification algorithm. The comparison results show that the feature selection proposed is certainly worth recommending as a new approach in the feature selection process. Besides, on certain data, the algorithm can outperform the existing feature selection.
Analisis Sentimen Pengguna Twitter Menggunakan Support Vector Machine Pada Kasus Kenaikan Harga BBM
Authors: Ramlan Rahadi , Satyahadewi Neva , Andani Wirda
Published: August 2023

Twitter is one of the social media with the most active users, which is 24 million active users. Information published on twitter contains comments from users on an object. Sentiment analysis is used to determine whether the data includes negative comments or positive comments because the comments taken on twitter are textual data. The method used in this sentiment analysis is Support Vector Machine (SVM) about public comments on fuel price increases on twitter. The comment data used was 258 data on September 4, 2022 because on that date it was exactly the day after the fuel price increase. First, preprocessing is done to remove unnecessary words or information. Then the data is divided into training data by 80% and testing data by 20%. The accuracy rate is 82.69%, sensitivity is 100%, and specificity is 79.07%. Then from the results of testing 52 data obtained the results of 43 negative comments and 9 positive comments so that it can be concluded that more people disagree with the increase in fuel prices.
Perbandingan Metode KNN, Naive Bayes, dan Regresi Logistik Binomial dalam Pengklasifikasian Status Ekonomi Negara
Authors: Ardana N. K. Kutha , Ruhiyat Ruhiyat , Amany Nurfatimah , Irawan Teofilus Kevin , Raymond Raymond , Karunia Rizalius , Fauzia Syifa
Published: August 2023

The classification of a country's economic status as developed or developing often involves factors such as life expectancy and its underlying variables. This research aims to compare the performance of three machine learning algorithms, namely KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors), naive Bayes, and binomial logistic regression, in classifying the economic status of countries as developed or developing. The data used in this study is "Life Expectancy (WHO) Fixed," obtained from the Kaggle website. The first statistical analysis conducted was Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using 16 predictor variables. PCA resulted in three principal components capable of explaining 71.41% of the variance, which were subsequently used in the KNN, naive Bayes, and binomial logistic regression methods. The analysis results from the KNN, naive Bayes, and binomial logistic regression methods produced F1-scores of 100\%, 98.19%, and 97.36%, respectively.
Küçük İHA'lar İçin 3D Baskılı Şekil Değiştirebilir Kanat Tasarımı ve Testleri
Authors: AYTAÇ Fatma İlayda , ÇELİK Ümit , GENÇOĞLU Muhsin
Published: August 2023

Kuşlar; tırmanış, düz uçuş, alçalma vb. değişik uçuş fazlarını, şekillendirilebilir kanatları sayesinde verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmektedirler. Geleneksel hava araçlarında ise değişik uçuş fazları için yardımcı kontrol yüzeyleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada şekil değiştirebilir esnek kanat yaklaşımı ile mini sınıf insansız hava araçlarının uçuş verimliliğinin artırılması hedeflenmiştir. Esnek kanat 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile üretilebilir şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Kanat profilleri simetrik, yarı simetrik ve bombeli (kambur) olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Simetrik kanatlar daha yüksek hızlara ulaşılabilmesine olanak sağlarken bombeli kanat profilleri daha fazla kaldırma kuvveti üretilmesini sağlar. Hava aracı kanadının belirtilen kanat profillerine dönüştürülebilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kanat, uyumlu hücum kenarı ve firar kenarına sahip olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu sayede uçuş sırasında kanadın değişken kamburlu olabilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kanadın şekillenebilmesi için kanadın üst yüzeyinde elastik deforme edilebilir esnek 3D baskılı yapılar, alt yüzeyinde ise yuva-yol ilişkisine sahip bir yapı tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan kanadın statik ve aerodinamik analizleri simülasyon araçları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimizasyon çalışmalarından sonra 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcı kullanılarak prototip kanat üretimi ve daha sonra rüzgar tünelinde şekil değiştirebilen kanadın testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan şekil değiştirebilen kanadın değişik durumlardaki aerodinamik davranışı XFRL5 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Aerodinamik analizler sonucunda kambur kanadın en yüksek kaldırma katsayısına (CL) sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Simetrik kanadın daha düşük sürükleme katsayısına (CD) sahip olduğu ve sonuç olarak aerodinamik verimliliğinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Rüzgâr tüneli testlerinde farklı rüzgâr hızları ve hücum açıları için kanat kaldırma kuvveti ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Geliştirilen uyumlu kanat ile çok geniş yelpazede farklı kanat davranışlarının elde edilebildiği görülmüştür.
Understanding Dynamics Dating Infidelity: Behaviors, Motivations, and Implications for Relationship Well-being
Authors: Hartnett Aron Coffey , Croes Ziegler Leckie , Hertlein Beach Reynolds , Lasslo Sanner Kenrick
Published: August 2023

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of dating infidelity within the context of modern romantic relationships. By examining behaviors, motivations, consequences, challenges, and treatment interventions related to dating infidelity, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of this complex phenomenon. The findings reveal a spectrum of behaviors, ranging from emotional connections facilitated by technology to seeking sexual novelty and exploring relationships outside of primary partnerships. Motivational factors, including emotional fulfillment, sexual exploration, and dissatisfaction within the current relationship, emerge as key drivers of dating infidelity. The implications of infidelity extend beyond individuals, impacting relationship well-being and household welfare. Challenges such as communication breakdowns and unrealistic expectations hinder effective relationship dynamics. Treatment interventions, such as couples therapy, communication training, and strategies for rebuilding trust, provide a roadmap for addressing infidelity and promoting healing. This research enriches relationship science by offering insights into the evolving landscape of modern romantic connections and underscores the importance of open dialogue and communication to foster healthier and more resilient relationships.
The Impact of Economic Inequality on Social Disparities: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Simangunsong Humala , Stewart Baldry Pitre , Debortoli Debortoli
Published: August 2023

This quantitative study examines the complex relationship between economic inequality and social inequities, focusing on educational attainment. The study examines how Gini coefficient-measured economic disparity affects educational attainment in hypothetical countries. This study uses a linear regression model to examine how economic inequality affects social outcomes. A statistically substantial positive correlation exists between the Gini coefficient and educational attainment discrepancy. Educational attainment disparity increases by 2.5 years per unit rise in the Gini coefficient, according to the calculated coefficient. This supports the idea that economic inequality increases education gaps, prolonging cycles of disadvantage for vulnerable populations. The study underlines the intricacy of these processes by conceding that regression analysis cannot prove causation. Economic inequality affects educational attainment disparity through policy frameworks, institutional structures, and cultural norms. This highlights the necessity for extensive policy responses to address these issues. The policy ramifications of this study are significant. The findings emphasize the need for fair access to quality education, especially for disadvantaged communities. Targeted actions are needed to reduce economic inequality's impact on education and promote inclusivity. This study examined educational attainment, but its approach and findings are important. The association between economic inequality and social differences is multifaceted, begging for further study. This study adds to the debate between economic inequality and social inequality. This study emphasizes the need for educated and context-sensitive strategies to reduce gaps, enhance social mobility, and create more equitable society as societies face inequality.
Actuality of modern remote rehabilitation (literature review)
Authors: Kryvyakin O. , Shuba L.
Published: August 2023

Remote rehabilitation is an innovative approach that allows patients to receive medical support and rehabilitation services in a convenient and safe way in their own home or remotely from a medical facility. Remote rehabilitation can be used for a wide range of medical conditions and problems, including physical therapy, rehabilitation after injuries or surgeries, pain management, rehabilitation after stroke, Parkinson's disease and other neurological diseases, pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as psychological support and counseling. This approach may include the use of video communication, monitoring of physiological parameters, mobile applications, and sensors to measure progress and monitor the patient. Remote rehabilitation is especially useful in situations where it is difficult or impossible for patients to physically visit a medical facility, for example, due to physical activity limitations, remote geographical locations, or epidemiological circumstances. Remote rehabilitation has both positive and negative aspects. Positive aspects: accessibility – allows patients to get the help they need regardless of location; convenience – to receive rehabilitation services at a time and place convenient for them; cost – can be more cost-effective, as it reduces travel and accommodation costs for patients. Negative aspects: lack of direct contact; limited capabilities – some types of therapy that require guidance or correction from a specialist may be less effective in a remote format; technological problems. It is important to consider these positive and negative aspects of remote rehabilitation when deciding whether to use it. The specific circumstances and needs of the patient may affect the effectiveness of this approach to rehabilitation. Remote rehabilitation is a promising area in medicine, as it allows for increased accessibility and convenience of rehabilitation services for patients. It can also help reduce the burden on healthcare facilities and reduce the cost of organizing rehabilitation programs.

Keywords: rehabilitation technologies, rehabilitation services, mobile technologies, positive and negative aspects.
Obtaining Efficient Mutant from the Wild Type Bacillus subtilis E6-5 by Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis for High Efficiency Protease Production, Optimizing the Mutant's Culture Medium
Authors: ÖZALPAR Büşra , DEMİRKAN Elif , SEVGİ Tuba
Published: August 2023

In this study, to enhance protease production, the wild type of Bacillus subtilis E6-5 was mutagenized by random mutagenesis using ultraviolet radiation and ethidium bromide. After combined treatment, several mutants were obtained. Among these mutants, the mutant strain with the largest proteolytic zone diameter (25 mm) was selected and named Bacillus subtilis ATA38. The enzyme production capacity of the obtained mutant was tested and the mutant strain (404 IU/mL at 24 hours) produced 6.7 times more enzyme than the parental strain (60 IU/mL at 32 hours). The effects of some important parameters in the growth medium on enzyme production were examined. The best carbon, organic nitrogen and metal ion were obtained with wheat starch (525 IU/mL), meat extract (850 IU/mL) and KCl+CaCl2 (548 IU/mL), respectively. pH 6.0, 37°C, 200 rpm, inoculum age 18 hours and inoculation amount 1% were obtained as the best physical factors.To further increase the yield, the best nutritional and physical parameters were combined to create a new modified medium. It was determined that the enzyme yield with mutant strain increased 2.7 times in the modified medium (1096 IU/mL) compared to the control (404 U/mL). The mutant strain (1096 IU/mL) showed an 18.2-fold increase in production compared to the wild type (60 IU/mL) in the modified medium. Protease enzyme obtained from ATA38 mutant strain may have great potential in industry for different purposes.
Same as it Ever Was: An Updated Review of Replication Studies in Special Education Journals
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Therrien William , Waterfield Danielle Amin , Spicer Suzanne , Fleming Jesse Irvan , Robinson Hannah , Watson Latesha , Boyle Joseph R
Published: August 2023

Despite the importance of replication studies, previous reviews showed that they comprised less than 1% of publications in special education journals. This review conceptually replicates Lemons et al. (2016) to provide updated explicit replication study rates. We searched electronically for replication studies published in 44 special education journals between 2015-2022 using the term replicat*. A total of 73 explicit replication studies were identified, constituting 0.52% of all publications. Similar to findings of previous reviews, most replication studies were conceptual, successfully replicated previous results, and were conducted by one or more authors of the study being replicated. Replications with author overlap were significantly more likely to successfully reproduce findings of the original study. Journal impact factor was significantly and positively related to journal-level replication rate. Publication of replications in special education journals remains similar to previous decades, suggesting additional efforts are needed to increase the publication of replications.
La poética de la fragmentación en La sangre de la aurora de Claudia Salazar
Authors: Medina Cabrera Sheridan
Published: August 2023

El artículo plantea el análisis de la novela La sangre de la aurora de Claudia Salazar desde una poética de la fragmentación para explicar la propuesta estética y discursiva del texto. Se propone que en la novela se construyen dos estadios de fragmentación: la fragmentación del cuerpo femenino y del lenguaje. A partir de ello, y desde la configuración de una subjetividad femenina, se narra utilizando el cuerpo femenino como espacio físico y simbólico en el que se suscitan los acontecimientos de la trama y se representa el periodo de la violencia política en el Perú entre los años 80 y 90. Por otro lado, se analiza el rol de la memoria como un espacio de construcción colectiva y de reencuentro, en el que se propone la posibilidad de una vuelta a la unidad y la conclusión de los dos estadios de fragmentación.
Vestigios
Authors: Retamoso Urbano Lena
Published: August 2023

La estampa bizarra que nos ofrece Lena Retamoso Urbano gira alrededor de un recuerdo latente y, en su mayor parte, imaginado. La trama se teje y desteje a manos de un narrador que se adentra en un recuerdo de la infancia a través de la mirada de otro(s). Nos invita a una reflexión (o percepción) altamente sensorial del pasado donde se resalta la plasticidad de la memoria, despoblada de hechos y, más bien, llena de intertextualidades, desencuentros y espacios y tiempos liminares y subliminales.
CHALLENGES OF THE PANDEMIC AND WAR: ASPECTS OF HEALTH AND MENTAL WELL-BEING-2030
Authors: Khozhylo Iryna , Pavlenko Liudmyla , Lipovska Nataliia , Sakharova Katerina
Published: August 2023

The article deals with challenges, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine. Aspects of health and mental well-being 2030 are in the focus of the research. The major challenges in the healthcare systems through the prism of their resilience and emergence are examined. The study emphasises that the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the healthcare sector is possible through the application of the principle of universal access to healthcare services. This approach ensures the integration of Goal 3 "Good Health and Well-being" with other SDGs, namely: poverty eradication (SDG 1), economic growth and decent work for all (SDG 8), achieving inclusive and equitable education (SDG 4), equality and empowers women and girls (SDG 5), peace, justice and building strong institutions at the national and global levels (SDG 16). The Polish experience in organizing anti-epidemic measures to combat COVID-19 is described as a useful example for Ukraine because of the similarity of the initial conditions for the functioning of the healthcare industry at the national level. Considerable attention is paid to the healthcare system of Ukraine during the war, in particular, aspects of public administration. The data presented in the article are the legal acts of the UN and WHO and legal acts of the countries of the European region (Ukraine, Poland), which are freely available on the Internet.
USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL IN COVID-19 TEACHING PROTOCOLS FOR PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY TECHNICIANS:IMPACT ON INFECTION PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS AND ANXIETY
Authors: Podineh Atefe , Rahnama Mozhgan , Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Bidmeshki Elahe Asadi , Wahed Aziz Shahraki
Published: August 2023

ntroduction: Emergency medical technicians, being the first-line medical team in emergency situations, experience higher levels of anxiety. On one hand, strict regulations regarding the use and management of protective equipment and specialized trainings on COVID-19 patients can reduce anxiety resulting from perceived unfamiliarity and uncontrollable risks. On the other hand, the Health Belief Model is one of the effective models in health education. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of teaching COVID-19 coping protocols based on the Health Belief Model on infection preventive behaviors and anxiety among pre-hospital emergency technicians. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 technicians who expressed their willingness to participate were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups using random allocation (via random allocation of bases). The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the COVID-19 anxiety scale, and a self-developed questionnaire on infection preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model, which were completed before and one month after the intervention. During the intervention, educational content was delivered through e-mail or WhatsApp in four sessions. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Results: According to the Bonferroni test, a significant difference was observed in the mean total score of infection preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model and all its dimensions. However, according to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model did not have an impact on anxiety among pre-hospital emergency technicians in dealing with COVID-19. However, the study identified the efficacy of all dimensions of this model in observing preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in these technicians. In other words, by applying this model, there is an opportunity to improve awareness and understanding of risk factors and the benefits of behavior change. This, in turn, helps in overcoming barriers, enhancing self-efficacy, and improving preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this model in designing preventive programs to increase the likelihood of the intervention success.
THE ISSUE OF ADVERSE EFFECTS IN CASE OF VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: Kalinin Ruslan , Barinov Evgeniy , Dzhuvalyakov Sergey , Romanova Olga
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the issues of regulation of practical activities related to the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Currently, disputes about the quality and the results of in vitro fertilization, surrogacy and the use of other methods of infertility treatment are considered to be mainly in the realm of civil litigation. However, even the most high-tech medical devices are associated with a certain degree of risk to life and health. Cases of fatal outcomes among mothers or babies after the use of ART lead to the initiation of criminal cases against healthcare providers. At the same time, the forensic methodology of investigating such cases requires a commission forensic medical examination, the results of which become the major stumbling block at all stages of criminal proceedings. There are challenges in the organization and methodological support of the work of the investigation, the prosecutor's office and the courts. Especially, when several experts with opposite views clash in court over a case, where they completely or partially refute each other. In our paper we highlight an example of such a case to improve legislation and judicial practice in this area.
Direct fabrication of high-quality ring-shaped REBa2Cu3O
y
bulk magnets by the single-direction melt growth (SDMG) method
Authors: Motoki Takanori , Semba Mirei , Shimoyama Jun-ichi
Published: August 2023

Ring-shaped REBa2Cu3O
y
melt-textured bulks have been successfully grown by the single-direction melt growth (SDMG) method. Three homogeneous DyBa2Cu3O
y
ring-bulks were directly grown in this study, which exhibited concentrically cone-shaped trapped field distribution on the surface and a high trapped field of 1.84 T at 77 K inside the ring, the highest ever value among reported ring-shaped bulks to date. Furthermore, superconducting properties such as superconducting transitions and critical current densities are highly uniform throughout the bulk, confirming the effectiveness of the SDMG approach. Our findings represent a significant advancement in the fabrication of high-quality bulks suitable for various magnetic applications.
دراسة في سورة (ق)
Authors: أ.م.د قسمة مدحت حسين درويش
Published: August 2023

يتكون البحث الموسوم ب ( دراسة في سورة ق ) من أربعة مباحث وهي كالآتي :

الاول : المبحث الصوتي - وفيه تتجلى الظواهر الصونية مثل : الانسجام الصوتي ؛ والتجانسالصوتي ، والابدال والاعلال ، والادغام ، والنبر والمقطع ، وفواصل الآيات التي تأتي لتؤديغرضاً صوتياً ومعنويا في آن واحد .

الثاني : المبحث الصرفي - وفيه أبواب الفعل الثلاثي المجرد ؛ وما قيل في بعض المسائل الصرفية ؛ومن ثم الجموع بأنواعها وكذلك مما عة من النوادر .

الثالث : المبحث اللغوي والنحوي - ويشمل على عدة مسائل لغوية ونحوية منها : القول في (ق)والاشارة ، وإضافة الشيء الى نفسه ، والتذكير و التأنيث والقول في تاء المخاطبة ؛ وحذفالمفعول .

الرابع : المبحث البلاغي - ويشمل على المحسنات البديعية وضروب من البيان ؛ فمن المحسناتالبديعية : الجناس و الطباق و السجع و الجمع و التقسيم والالتفات . ومن ضروب البيان : المجازالعقلي والمجاز المرسل والتشبيه والاستعارة بأنواعها كالاستعارة التصريحية والمكنيةوالتمثيلية.
عمليات العلم ومهارات التفكير المستنبطة من القرآن الكريم وتطبيقها في تدريس العلوم
Authors: أ. م. د. بتول محمد جاسم
Published: August 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي الى استنباط عمليات العلم الاساسية و التكامليةيو مهارات التفكير من بعض

ايات القرأن الكريم ءوبيان كيفية ربط تطبيقاتها في تدريس العلوم. اتبع المنهج الاستنباطي الذي يشنقويستخلص حكما فرعيا من حكم عام موجود في اية او اكثر من ايات القرأن الكريم ؛ويكتفي بالتدليل عليهاببعض الامثلة ءدون اللجوء الى استقرائها جميعاء تبين ان القرآن الكريم زاخر بعمليات العلم الاساسيةو التكاملية ومهارات التفكير التي تعد الجانب الاجرائي للعلم التي عن طريقها يتم التوصل الى الجانبالمعرفي للعلم ءوقد اكتفى البحث الحالي بالتدليل على الجانب الاجرائي ببعض آيات كريمة مختارة منالقرأن الكريم ؛ ومن امثلة عمليات العلم التي تقصى عليها البحث الحالي وكشفها القرآن الكريم الاساسية:الملاحظة؛ القياس لتصنيف الاستدلال٬الاستقراءءالاستنباط‏ ءالتنبؤ؛استخدام الارقام» التواصلء ومنامثلة عمليات العلم التكاملية : فرض الفروض التفسير التعريفات الاجرائية» ضبط المتغيرات ©التجريب؛ كما توصل البحث الحالي ان القرآن الكريم زاخر بمهارات تفكير متنوعة فمن مهارات التفكيرالابتكاري المستنبطة من القرأن الكريم: الاصالة؛ المرونة؛ الطلاقة؛ الحساسية للمشكلات؛ ادراكالتفاصيل التفكير في التفكيرء التفكير التأملي؛ بالإضافة الى مهارات التفكير :التذكرى طرح الاسئلة؛الانتقال من عدم الاتزان المعرفي الى الاتزان المعرفي، المقارنة؛ الترتيب» التمثيل؛ التخيل؛ التلخيص؛اتخاذ القرار.
ﺍﻷﺧﻁﺎء ﺍﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺳﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺗﻼﻣﻳﺫ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﺗﺩﺍﺋﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺩ. ﻣﻧﻰ ﻁﻪ ﺃﻣﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺩﺭﻱ
Published: August 2023

ﺸـﻬد اﻟﻌـ ارق ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﺘـرة اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻠـت ﻋـﺎم ١٩٥٨ ﺘطـو ار ﻤﻠﻤوﺴـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ

اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﻏﻴر ذﻟك ﻤن اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻷﺨرى ﺒﻬدف إ ازﻟﺔ ﻋواﻤﻝ

اﻟﺘﺨﻠـف اﻟـذي ورﺜـﻪ اﻟﻌـ ارق ﻤـن اﻟﻌﻬـود اﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ. وﻟﻌـﻝ ﻤـن أﻫـم ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﺘﺤـوﻻت اﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ٬

اﻟﺘطـور اﻟـذي ﺘﺤﻘـق ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻟﻌـﺎم ٬ وﻓـﻲ ﻤ ارﺤـﻝ وأﻨـواع ﻤﺘﻌـددة ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم

اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻲ وﻻ ﻏ ارﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك ﻓﺄﻨـﻪ ﻴﻤﺜـﻝ اﻟﺤـد اﻷدﻨـﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠـﻴم ٬ إﻀـﺎﻓﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻨـﻪ ﺤـق ﻤـن ﺤﻘـوق

ﻛﻝ ﻤواطن إذ ﻴﺴـﺘطﻴﻊ ﻋـن طرﻴﻘـﻪ اﻹﻟﻤـﺎم ﺒﻤﺒـﺎدئ اﻟﻘـ ارءة واﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒـﺔ واﻟﺤﺴـﺎب واﻟﺘـزود ﺒﻘـدر ﻤـﺎ

ﺘوﻓرﻩ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟد ارﺴﻴﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ واﻟد ارﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘ ارث اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ وﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻋﺒـر اﻷﺠﻴـﺎﻝ

اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ . ﻛﻤـﺎ وﻴﻌﺘﺒـر اﻷﺴـﺎس اﻟـذي ﺘﻌﺘﻤـد ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻤ ارﺤـﻝ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻷﺨـرى ٬ وﻨﻘطـﺔ اﻟﺒداﻴـﺔ

ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎ ارت اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺒﺸـرﻴﺔ ﻟﻛﺎﻓـﺔ اﻟﻘطﺎﻋـﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎدﻴﺔ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ .

ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻤن اﻟﺘطور اﻟذي ﺤﺼﻝ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم اﻻﺒﺘـداﺌﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﻼدﻨـﺎ ﺨـﻼﻝ اﻟﺴـﻨوات اﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻴﺔ

ﻓـﺄن اﻹﺤﺼـﺎءات ﺘـدﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ارﺘﻔـﺎع ﻨﺴـب اﻟرﺴـوب ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤـواد اﻟد ارﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤ ارﺤـﻝ

اﻟد ارﺴﺔ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴـﺔ . وﻤﻤـﺎ ﻻ ﺸـك ﻓﻴـﻪ إن ﻋواﻤـﻝ رﺴـوب اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴـذ ﻋدﻴـدة وﻤﺘﻨوﻋـﺔ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ إﺴـﻬﺎم

ﻤﺎدة اﻟرﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎت إﺴﻬﺎﻤﺎ ﻛﺒﻴر ﻓﻲ ﺤدوث ﻫذﻩ اﻟظﺎﻫرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠـﺔ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻴﻤﻛـن اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر

اﻷﺨطـﺎء اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻴﻘـﻊ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴـذ ﻓـﻲ أداء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎت اﻷرﺒـﻊ اﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ وﻤﻨﻬـﺎ اﻟﻀـرب واﻟﻘﺴـﻤﺔ

ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌواﻤﻝ اﻟرﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻤؤدﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ رﺴوب ﻋدد ﻏﻴر ﻗﻠﻴﻝ ﻤن اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴـذ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـﺎدة اﻟرﻴﺎﻀـﻴﺎت ٬

وﻟذﻟك ﻓﺄن ارﺘﻔﺎع ﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟرﺴوب ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴـﺔ وواﻗﻌﻴـﺔ ﺘﺜﻴـر اﻨﺘﺒـﺎﻩ أو ﺘﻠﻔـت أﻨظـﺎر اﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤـﻴن ﺒﻘﻀـﺎﻴﺎ

اﻟﺘرﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم ٬ وﻤﻤﺎ ﻴؤﻴد ذﻟك اﻹﺤﺼﺎءات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻤﺸـﻛﻠﺔ اﻟرﺌﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻤـن ﻤﺸـﺎﻛﻝ

اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌ ارق ﺤﻴث ﻛﺸﻔت ﻋن ﻤدى ﻫذا اﻟرﺴوب وﺒﺼورة ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔوف

اﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴـﺔ واﻟﺴﺎدﺴـﺔ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴـﺔ . ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘطﻠـب ﺘـواﻓر د ارﺴـﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﺘﺴـﺘﻬدف اﻟﻛﺸـف ﻋـن ﻫـذﻩ

اﻷﺨطﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ﻋﻨد ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻬم ﻫﺎﺘﻴن اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺘﻴن ٬ وﻤﻌرﻓﺔ اﻷﺴﺒﺎب اﻟﻤؤدﻴﺔ ﻟﻬـﺎ ٬

واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗد ﺘﺴﻬم ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴن طرﻴﻘﺔ ﺘدرﻴس اﻟرﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎت ورﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ إدﺨﺎﻝ ﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻨﺎت ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻛﺘـﺎب

اﻟﻤدرﺴــﻲ ﻤــن ﺤﻴــث ﻤﺤﺘــواﻩ وﺘرﺘﻴﺒــﻪ ﺒﻤ ارﺤــﻝ اﻟد ارﺴــﺔ اﻻﺒﺘداﺌﻴــﺔ وﺒﺎﻟﺘــﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴــﻝ ﻤــن ﻨﺴــﺒﺔ

اﻟرﺴوب ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟرﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻴن ﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤرﺤﻠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺥ ﺍﻷﺳﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﻧﺎء
Authors: ﺩ. ﻋﻔﺭﺍء ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﺧﻠﻳﻝ
Published: August 2023

أﻛد ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻝ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺒ ارت اﻷﺴرﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻠوك اﻷﺒﻨﺎء

 

واﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻬم ٬ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﻴر ﻫﺎم ﻓﻲ ﻨـﻤوﻫم اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ واﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ٬ وﺘﻛوﻴن ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺘﻬم

وظﻴﻔﻴﺎً ودﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﺎً. ﻓﺎﻷﺴرة اﻟﺴﻌﻴدة ﺘﻌد ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤو اﻟﺴوي وﺘؤدي إﻟﻰ ﺴﻌﺎدة

اﻷﺒﻨﺎء وﺼﺤﺘﻬم اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ٬ أﻤﺎ اﻷﺴرة اﻟﻤﻀطرﺒﺔ ﺘﻌد ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤو ٬ ﻓﻬﻲ

ﺘﻛون ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻤرﺘﻊ ﺨﺼب ﻟﻼﻨﺤ ارﻓﺎت اﻟﺴﻠوﻛﻴﺔ واﻻﻀط ارﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ واﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ

(زﻫ ارن (١٧ :١٩٧٨ ٬ ﻓطﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﺎﻴﺨﺒرﻩ اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻤن ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻛﻨف اﺴرﺘﻪ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤدد

 

ٕواﻟﻰ ﺤد ﻛﺒﻴر ﻤﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺴﻴﻨﻤو ﻨﻤواً ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺎً ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎً أم ﻻ ( رﺸﻴد :١٩٩٥٬ أ).

إذ أن أﺴﺎس اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻴرون ﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠم اﻟﻨﻔس ﻗﺎﺌم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺘﺒﺎط

 

اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ وﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺒرﻩ اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻤن ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺤﻤﻴﻤﺔ وداﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ أﻓ ارد أﺴرﺘﻪ ٬ إذ ﻴﺠد اﻟطﻔﻝ ﻓﻲ

ﻤﺜﻝ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻻﺸﺒﺎع ﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺘﻛون ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺒ ارت اﻟﺘﻲ

 

ﻴﻛوﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒداﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺜم ﺘﺎﺨذ اﺸﻛﺎﻻ ﻋدﻴدة ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺎﺜﻴرﻫﺎ اﻟﻛﺒﻴر ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻊ أﻓ ارد اﺴرﺘﻪ

 

وﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ اﻵﺨرﻴن .( Stagier, 1974,P:90 )

 

واﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ أن اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻷﺴري اﻟذي ﻴﻨطوي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟدفء واﻻﺴﺘﻘ ارر ﻗد ﻴﻛون ﻋﺎﻤﻝ

اﺴﻨﺎد ﻟﻠﻔرد وﻫو ﻴواﺠﻪ ﻀﻐوط اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ٬ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻴض ﻤن ذﻟك ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻻﺴري اﻟﻤﻀطرب

ﻗد ﻴﺘﺤوﻝ إﻟﻰ ﻤﺤرض ﺒطرﻴﻘﺔ ﻏﻴر ﻤﺒﺎﺸرة ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻔرد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨرق اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴر وﻋدم

اﻻﻟﺘ ازم ﺒﻬﺎ (ﺤﺴن (٢٦٣ :٢٠٠١ ٬ وﻋﻨدﻤﺎ ﺘﻔﺸﻝ اﻻﺴرة ﻓﻲ ﺘوﻓﻴر اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻻﺴري اﻟذي

ﻴﺴﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻴم اﻓ اردﻫﺎ ﻛﻴف ﻴﺤﻘﻘون اﻟﺘوازن ﺒﻴن اﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎت اﻻﺘﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﺨرﻴن

واﻟﺤﺎﺠﺎت اﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻟدﻴﻬم ﻓﺈن اﻟﺒﺎب ﻴﻛون ﻤﻔﺘوﺤﺎً ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠف ﺼور اﻻﺘﺼﺎﻝ اﻟﺨﺎطﺊ

واﻟذي ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺎﻀط ارب ﺠو اﻻﺴرة وﺘﺤوﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺒؤرة ﻤوﻟدة ﻟﻼﻀط ارب ﺒﻝ واﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﻌض

 

اﻓ اردﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻀط ارب اﻟواﻀﺢ اﻟﺼرﻴﺢ (ﻛﻔﺎﻓﻲ .(١٥٩ :١٩٩٩ ٬

ﻤن ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺄن ﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث ﺘﺘﻤﺜﻝ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤﻻت اﻵﺘﻴﺔ: ﻫﻝ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﻨﺎخ

 

اﺴري ﺠﻴد وﺼﺤﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺠﻴدة وﻫﻝ ﻫﻨﺎك ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺎﺒﻴن اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﻷﺴري واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ

 

ﻟﻸﺒﻨﺎء؟وﻤﺎ طﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ؟
الصراع اليهودي المسيحي وانعكاسه على الوضع الداخلي في اليمن قبل الإسلام
Authors: الطائي أنوار , الحسيني الأستاذ الدكتور  خالد
Published: August 2023

لقد أفضى الصراع اليهودي النصراني قبل الإسلام إنعكاساته على بلاد العرب الجنوبية، ممّا دفع إلى اشتداد الصراع بين اليهود والنصارى، خاصة إنّ الفرس كانوا يقفون إلى جانب اليهود، نكاية بالبيزنطيين الذين كانوا يؤيدون المسيحيين – في بلاد اليمن – وكذلك لم تؤيد المصادر النقشية. إنّ الملك (يوسف أسار) هو الذي خدّ الأخدود – كما تذكر المرويات التأريخية – لأنّ ما قام به (ذو نواس) هو عبارة عن حركة وطنية، لأنّ نصارى نجران كانوا مع ولاء مع الحبشة، ومحاولته المحافظة على وحدة بلاده وحماية الدولة الحميَرية من الإنهيار، وذلك من خلال القضاء على أسباب التدهور، وإنّ عملية التنكيل لم تكن لأسباب دينية، وإنّما كانت لأسباب سياسية مغلّفة بغلاف ديني
أقسام الدَّين ومشروعيته
Authors: عزيز الباحثة سلوان , الجبوري الاستاذ  عبد الزهرة
Published: August 2023

يعد الدين من النوافذ التي تتيح للفرد فرصة لتيسير أمور حياته عن طريق اخذ سلعة معينة لمدة محددة لغرض الاستفادة منها ومن قيمتها لتغير وتطوير لإيجاد حلاً للظروف والأزمات التي يمر بها فضلاً عن إعطاءه الحرية للتصرف بالسلعة المراد التداين بها وإدخالها بأكثر من مجال تعاملي , فيجوز أن يربط الدين بالحوالة , أو بالقرض , أو بالضمان , أو الإجارة به وغيرها من المواضيع التي بدورها ساعدت في تحسين الكثير من القضايا الاقتصادية والاجتماعية فأصبحت أساسا وسندا للنماءات والتوجهات العرفية المصاغة ضمن تعاليم الشرع المبينة لجوانب الدين وأقسامه بنوعيها المؤجلة والحالة وما يتعلق بهما من حالات وموضحة لأحكامه التي يمر بها الفرد سواء أكان في حالة الحياة أو عند الموت ؛ قال تعالى : ﭽ ﭑ ﭒ ﭓ ﭔ ﭕ ﭖ ﭗ ﭘ ﭙ ﭚﭛ ﭜ ﭝ ﭞ ﭟﭠ ﭡ ﭢ ﭣ ﭤ ﭥ ﭦ ﭧ ﭨﭩ ﭪ ﭫ ﭬ ﭭ ﭮ ﭯ ﭰ ﭱ ﭲ ﭳ ﭴ ﭵﭶ ﭷ ﭸ ﭹ ﭺ ﭻ ﭼ ﭽ ﭾ ﭿ ﮀ ﮁ ﮂ ﮃ ﮄ ﮅ ﮆ ﮇﮈ ﮉ ﮊ ﮋ ﮌﮍ ﮎ ﮏ ﮐ ﮑ ﮒ ﮓ ﮔ ﮕ ﮖ ﮗ ﮘ ﮙ ﮚ ﮛ ﮜ ﮝﮞ ﮟ ﮠ ﮡ ﮢ ﮣ ﮤﮥ ﮦ ﮧ ﮨ ﮩ ﮪ ﮫ ﮬ ﮭ ﮮﮯ ﮰ ﮱ ﯓ ﯔ ﯕ ﯖ ﯗ ﯘ ﯙﯚ ﯛ ﯜ ﯝ ﯞ ﯟ ﯠ ﯡ ﯢ ﯣ ﯤ ﯥ ﯦﯧ ﯨ ﯩ ﯪﯫ ﯬ ﯭ ﯮ ﯯ ﯰﯱ ﯲ ﯳ ﯴ ﯵ ﯶﯷ ﯸ ﯹﯺ ﯻ ﯼﯽ ﯾ ﯿ ﰀ ﰁ ﭼ ( ) .