bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene–gene interaction of AhRwith and within the Wntcascade affects susceptibility to lung cancer
Authors: Rosenberger Albert , Muttray Nils , Hung Rayjean J. , Christiani David C. , Caporaso Neil E. , Liu Geoffrey , Bojesen Stig E. , Le Marchand Loic , Albanes Demetrios , Aldrich Melinda C. , Tardon Adonina , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Rennert Gad , Field John K. , Davies Michael P. A. , Liloglou Triantafillos , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Lazarus Philip , Wendel Bernadette , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Lam Stephen , Schabath Matthew B. , Andrew Angeline S. , Duell Eric J. , Arnold Susanne M. , Goodman Gary E. , Chen Chu , Doherty Jennifer A. , Taylor Fiona , Cox Angela , Woll Penella J. , Risch Angela , Muley Thomas R. , Johansson Mikael , Brennan Paul , Landi Maria Teresa , Shete Sanjay S. , Amos Christopher I. , Bickeböller Heike ,   The INTEGRAL-ILCCO Consortium
Published: January 2022

Background

AberrantWntsignalling, regulating cell development and stemness, influences the development of many cancer types. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates tumorigenesis of environmental pollutants. Complex interaction patterns of genes assigned toAhR/Wnt-signalling were recently associated with lung cancer susceptibility.

Aim

To assess the association and predictive ability ofAhR/Wnt-genes with lung cancer in cases and controls of European descent.

Methods

Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for genomic variants assigned to the Wnt agonist and the antagonistic genesDKK2,DKK3,DKK4,FRZB,SFRP4andAxin2. Logistic regression models with variable selection were trained, validated and tested to predict lung cancer, at which other previously identified SNPs that have been robustly associated with lung cancer risk could also enter the model. Furthermore, decision trees were created to investigate variant × variant interaction. All analyses were performed for overall lung cancer and for subgroups.

Results

No genome-wide significant association ofAhR/Wnt-genes with overall lung cancer was observed, but within the subgroups of ever smokers (e.g., maker rs2722278SFRP4; OR  = 1.20; 95% CI 1.13–1.27;p  = 5.6 × 10–10) and never smokers (e.g., maker rs1133683Axin2; OR  = 1.27; 95% CI 1.19–1.35;p  = 1.0 × 10–12). Although predictability is poor,AhR/Wnt-variantsare unexpectedly overrepresented in optimized prediction scores for overall lung cancer and for small cell lung cancer. Remarkably, the score for never-smokers contained solely twoAhR/Wnt-variants. The optimal decision tree for never smokers consists of 7AhR/Wnt-variantsand only two lung cancer variants.

Conclusions

The role of variants belonging toWnt/AhR-pathways in lung cancer susceptibility may be underrated in main-effects association analysis. Complex interaction patterns in individuals of European descent have moderate predictive capacity for lung cancer or subgroups thereof, especially in never smokers.
MATLAB codes for generating dispersion images for ground exploration using different multichannel analysis of surface wave transforms
Authors: Naskar Tarun , Kumar Jyant
Published: January 2022

A set of codes has been developed in MATLAB for generating multimodal dispersion images by using three different transformation techniques. While performing the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), the field data obtained by using multiple geophones, in the distance and time domain, become the required input data for these developed programs. The dispersion images have been evaluated by generating synthetic data and performing field tests using a 20 lb hammer at two different chosen sites with 48 geophones. The dispersion plots from the three different transformation techniques are found to match each other closely. In general, the circular frequency-phase velocity ([Formula: see text]- c) transform provides the best clarity. An increase in the spread length, however, without increasing the number of sensors, often leads to the appearance of aliased modes in the dispersion images.
Experimental study of temperature change effect on distributed acoustic sensing continuous measurements
Authors: Sidenko Evgenii , Tertyshnikov Konstantin , Lebedev Maxim , Pevzner Roman
Published: January 2022

Distributed fiber-optic sensing is useful in geophysical exploration and monitoring applications. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used for measuring and monitoring temperature and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for recording the seismic wavefield. However, DAS measurements also are sensitive to temperature changes. To understand and quantify the DAS signature of temperature changes during water injections at CO2CRC Otway site, a series of experiments have been conducted at the Curtin University/National Geosequestration Laboratory (NGL) well research facility and Curtin rock-physics laboratory. Overall, three DAS cables are examined. Two fibers are tested in the laboratory and one cable, which is installed behind the casing in the Curtin/NGL well, is examined in the well. Laboratory measurements and observations made during analysis of passive DAS and DTS field data recorded in four Otway wells demonstrate that DAS is sensitive to long-period temperature changes, and its response is proportional to the time derivative of temperature. Induced fiber strain is linearly related to slow temperature change, and this dependency can be estimated for a particular cable. Obtained proportionality constants between strain and temperature change indicate some dependency on the cable type/design and acquisition setup, but they are all of the same order of magnitude. DAS measurements also can be affected by low-frequency noise possibly associated with the effect of temperature on the DAS acquisition unit itself. The results can help compensate for the effect of temperature on low-frequency DAS signals and show that DAS can be used as a distributed temperature sensor if direct temperature measurements are not available.
Deep learning for automated seismic facies classification
Authors: Tolstaya Ekaterina , Egorov Anton
Published: January 2022

Several published solutions exist for the automatization of seismic facies labeling. We suggest an approach that applies tools from deep learning and semantic image segmentation, such as specific UNet-based neural network structure, total variation (TV) loss, pseudolabels, as well as domain-specific attributes and a novel image-warping augmentation technique. We use a patch-based training and prediction approach, and at the prediction stage, the facies labels for the test cube are collected with the patch overlap and with the averaging of the predictions. When applied to two open-source labeled seismic cubes, the algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared with the published results with regard to several metrics computed, such as accuracy, intersection-over-union, and F1 score. We compare the model predictions with and without the domain-specific augmentation and the pseudolabel approach with the metrics suggesting that the augmentation and the pseudolabels provide an increase in the model’s performance. Our method provides smoother labels due to the use of TV loss and pseudolabels, which is proved by the visual observation of the predictions of the final model in comparison with the baseline raw UNet model results.
Revisiting the flight dynamics of take-off of a butterfly: experiments and CFD simulations for a cabbage white butterfly
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Nakamura Masashi , Kouji Masaya , Yoshino Masato
Published: January 2022

We conducted measurements of the taking-off motion of a butterfly (Pieris rapae) and numerical simulations using a computational model reflecting its motion. The computational butterfly model is composed of a thorax, an abdomen, and four wings (left and right wings with fore and hind parts), i.e. a six-link, rigid-body system. The present model is more sophisticated than any models that have ever been constructed in existing studies. In the butterfly model, the body trajectory and thoracic pitching angle can be calculated from the equations of motion, whereas the abdominal angle and wings’ joint angles are prescribed by the measured data. We calculated the flow field, aerodynamic force and torque generated by the butterfly model using the immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method. As a result, the butterfly generates the horizontal vortex ring and aerodynamic lift force during the downstroke, while it generates the vertical vortex ring and aerodynamic thrust force during the upstroke. The leg impulsion is essential in the upward motion of the taking-off butterfly rather than the aerodynamic lift force by the flapping wings. The inertial forces of the abdomen and wings are comparable in magnitude with the aerodynamic forces, but the net influence of the inertial forces on the position of the butterfly is not significant due to the offsetting of the body and wing inertia. The net aerodynamic and gravitational torques raise the thorax of the butterfly, and the net inertial torques suppress the rise of the thorax.
Vacuum-Freeze Drying Assist for the Fabrication of a Nickel-Aluminium Catalyst and Its Effects on the Structure-Reactivity in the Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Cao Pengfei , Zhao Haitao , Adegbite Stephen , Lester Edward , Wu Tao
Published: January 2022

In this study, a co-precipitation coupled with vacuum-freeze drying (VFD) method was adopted to fabricate a highly mesoporous nickel-aluminium catalyst (VFD-cat). VFD-cat with uniform smaller pore size and a larger BET surface area were obtained than the catalysts prepared following the conventional thermal evaporation drying method (TED-cat). In addition, the VFD method helps to improve the dispersion of precursors, which then enhances the strong metal-support interactions (MSI) of VFD-cat via forming substoichiometric NiAl2O4 spinel. Characterization showed that the average nickel particle size on the VFD-cat was smaller than that of the TED-cat, attributed to the confinement effects of MSI. At 800 °C, the VFD-cat exhibited higher stability during the long-term dry reforming of methane (DRM) test. It was found that the coke formation on spent VFD-cat, especially for the ordered carbon species, was significantly eliminated as compared with TED-cat after the stability test. This strategy offers a facile way to develop DRM catalysts with highly mesoporous and MSI, enhancing the catalytic stability and coke resistance of the nickel-aluminium catalyst.
Fracture analysis of layered beams with elastic couplings and hygrothermal stresses
Authors: Τσοκανάς Παναγιώτης
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή πραγματεύεται το θέμα της θραυστομηχανικής ανάλυσης κατασκευών τύπου πολύστρωτης δοκού, παρουσία ελαστικών συζεύξεων και υγροθερμικών τάσεων. Ειδικότερα, η εργασία αναπτύσσει (δηλ. διατυπώνει, επικυρώνει και εφαρμόζει) ένα αναλυτικό μοντέλο για τον υπολογισμό της δυσθραυστότητας (fracture toughness) τέτοιων μη συμβατικών δοκών. Διερευνά, παράλληλα, τη συμπεριφορά σε θραύση ενός κολλητού συνδέσμου μετάλλου-σύνθετου υλικού που ενδιαφέρει ιδιαίτερα την αεροδιαστημική βιομηχανία. Το γενικό πρόβλημα υπό εξέταση αφορά μια κατασκευή τύπου δοκού που χαρακτηρίζεται (δυνητικά) από τις εξής «ιδιαιτερότητες»: αποτελείται από επάλληλες στρώσεις ανόμοιων υλικών· εμφανίζει ασυμμετρίες όσον αφορά τα πάχη των στρώσεων· εμπεριέχει ελαστικές συζεύξεις (ειδικότερα, σύζευξη κάμψης-έκτασης)· φορτίζεται με γενικευμένα μηχανικά φορτία (συγκεντρωμένες δυνάμεις και ροπές κάμψης)· και τέλος, εμπεριέχει παραμένουσες υγροθερμικές τάσεις. Για την προσέγγιση αυτού του προβλήματος, η εργασία αναπτύσσει ένα γενικό αναλυτικό μοντέλο προσδιορισμού της δυσθραυστότητας (ειδικότερα, του ρυθμού απελευθέρωσης ενέργειας και της μίξης των μορφών [mode mixity]) δοκών με όλες τις «ιδιαιτερότητες» που μόλις αναφέρθηκαν. Κατά την ανάπτυξη αυτού του νέου μοντέλου, επιστρατεύονται κλασσικές θεωρίες της μηχανικής (π.χ. θεωρία δοκού, μηχανική σύνθετων υλικών, ενεργειακές μέθοδοι), καθώς και σημαντικά εργαλεία του κλάδου της θραυστομηχανικής (π.χ. crack-tip element, crack closure integral, J-integral). Οι προτεινόμενες αναλύσεις και αναλυτικές λύσεις επεκτείνουν το επίπεδο γνώσης μας και μας επιτρέπουν να μελετήσουμε μια ποικιλία από μη συμβατικά συστήματα υλικών, γεωμετρίες και διατάξεις δοκιμής. Οι προτεινόμενες λύσεις ελέγχονται μέσω αναλύσεων πεπερασμένων στοιχείων, χρησιμοποιώντας κατά βάση την τεχνική εικονικού κλεισίματος της ρωγμής (virtual crack closure technique), και δευτερευόντως μοντελοποίηση της ζώνης συνοχής (cohesive zone modeling). Επιπροσθέτως, οι προτεινόμενες λύσεις συγκρίνονται με υπάρχουσες, απλούστερες λύσεις προς ανάδειξη της χρησιμότητας των πρώτων. Στη συνέχεια λαμβάνει χώρα μια πληθώρα αναλυτικών, αριθμητικών και πειραματικών περιπτωσιολογικών μελετών της δυσθραυστότητας ποικίλων τύπων υλικών (π.χ. fiber metal laminates, κολλητοί σύνδεσμοι μετάλλου-σύνθετου υλικού, πολυδιευθυντικά πολύστρωτα σύνθετα υλικά) και ποικίλων διατάξεων δοκιμών (π.χ. διπλή πρόβολος δοκός, κάμψη δοκού με εγκοπή στο άκρο, δοκιμή διπλής προβόλου δοκού με ανόμοιες ροπές κάμψης). Παράλληλα, η διατριβή διερευνά το τεχνολογικό πρόβλημα της ανάλυσης θραύσης ενός κολλητού συνδέσμου τιτανίου-CFRP που προορίζεται για εφαρμογή στο σύστημα hybrid laminar flow control των μελλοντικών αεροσκαφών. Με σκοπό την κατανόηση της συμπεριφοράς σε θραύση και εξαγωγή της δυσθραυστότητας αυτού του συνδέσμου υπό διάφορες συνθήκες, συνδυάζονται εκτεταμένες πειραματικές, αναλυτικές και αριθμητικές μέθοδοι.
Αλγόριθμος αναζήτησης μέσω στοχευμένης διαδρομής για τη βελτιστοποίηση δικτύων διανομής νερού
Authors: Μανωλής Αντώνης
Published: January 2022

Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διατριβής εξετάζεται κατ’ αρχήν το αντικείμενο της βελτιστοποίησης. Ειδικότερα, έμφαση δίνεται στο πρόβλημα της βέλτιστης διαστασιολόγησης αγωγών των βροχωτών δικτύων διανομής νερού. Γίνεται ανασκόπηση των υφιστάμενων μεθόδων και κρίνονται οι προϋποθέσεις εφαρμογής τους. Σχολιάζεται η αποδοτικότητα των διαφόρων μεθόδων και η ανάγκη για προσεκτικές ρυθμίσεις των παραμέτρων τους, οι οποίες ενδεχομένως να μεταβάλλονται σε κάθε προσπάθεια επίλυσης ενός νέου δικτύου. Το ίδιο ισχύει για την αντιμετώπιση των περιορισμών στη βελτιστοποίηση, μέσω συναρτήσεων ποινής, των οποίων εξετάζεται η εφαρμογή σε προβλήματα δικτύων διανομής νερού. Διαπιστώνεται ότι η ρύθμιση των παραμέτρων ποινής γίνεται μόνο μέσω πολλαπλών δοκιμών με αποτέλεσμα άσκοπες ενδιάμεσες επιλύσεις του δικτύου.Βασικός σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός νέου αλγορίθμου βελτιστοποίησης που να είναι απαλλαγμένος από το πρόβλημα της ρύθμισης παραμέτρων και της συνάρτησης ποινής. Ο νέος αλγόριθμος ονομάζεται Αναζήτηση μέσω Στοχευμένης Διαδρομής επειδή αναζητεί το βέλτιστο σε συγκεκριμένες διαδρομές του νερού με βάση τα υδραυλικά χαρακτηριστικά του δικτύου. Η διαδικασία της βελτιστοποίησης οδηγείται από ανεξάρτητες υπορουτίνες οι οποίες εξελίσσουν μία τυχαία αρχική λύση, ενώ λαμβάνονται πληροφορίες από τον γειτονικό χώρο αναζήτησης. Για να ελεγχθεί η αξιοπιστία και η αποτελεσματικότητα του νέου αλγορίθμου, δοκιμάζεται σε τρία γνωστά δίκτυα της βιβλιογραφίας και συγκεκριμένα στα δίκτυα δύο βρόχων, Ανόι και Μπαλέρμα.Ενώ σε μελέτες βροχωτών δικτύων διανομής νερού η ταχύτητα του νερού στους αγωγούς λαμβάνεται υπόψιν, στη βιβλιογραφία το πρόβλημα εμφανίζεται συνήθως χωρίς περιορισμούς ταχύτητας. Στις ελάχιστες μεθόδους που εφαρμόζονται στο πρόβλημα με περιορισμούς ταχύτητας, ο τρόπος εφαρμογής δε φαίνεται να είναι ιδιαίτερα αποδοτικός. Για να καλυφθεί αυτή η έλλειψη, παρουσιάζεται μία παραλλαγή του αρχικού αλγορίθμου η οποία ονομάζεται Αναζήτηση μέσω Στοχευμένης Διαδρομής με Περιορισμούς Ταχύτητας. Στην παραλλαγή αυτή, διατηρείται η φιλοσοφία του αρχικού αλγορίθμου. Η παραλλαγή εφαρμόζεται στα ίδια δίκτυα με τον αρχικό αλγόριθμο. Οι λύσεις που προκύπτουν δείχνουν ότι πράγματι οι περιορισμοί ταχύτητας δεν παραβιάζονται.
Evaluating and comparing the efficacy of the ‘trans-theoretical model’ and ‘theory of planned behavior’ on smoking cessation. A systematic review of the current literature
Authors: Pilafas Georgios , Paraskevi Nefeli , Menti Despina
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Smoking has been a deadly and disease-linked hazardous habit worldwide, resulting in overall decrease in quality of life. Global numbers are growing and aims on reduction are not met. The application of ‘Trans-Theoretical’ (TTM) and ‘Theory of Planned Behavior’ (TPB) models on smoking may provide assistance on reduction and maintenance.Aim: Therefore, a systematic review of the current literature took place in order to evaluate and compare the efficacy of TTM and TPB against smoking. The outcome may assist field practitioners in their designs and practice.Methods: An electronic research was conducted in 5 electronic databases. 3,871 initial titles were located and retrieved. The titles retrieved were then accessed using inclusion/exclusion criteria and then were evaluated using 10 main criteria to answer and meet the research aims.Results: Research for titles resulted in the inclusion of 10 studies, of which 5 used TTM and 5 TPB as a behavior change model on smoking cessation. The quality and efficacy of papers was almost identical, while only one out of the overall 10 studies was efficient on smoking cessation.Conclusion: The review may provide some strong implications on low efficacy for both TTM and TPB, while there might be a need for new change-of-behavior models against smoking.Practitioners who design individual interventions against smoking may have to seek for alternative to TTM and TPB models of behavior change.
The genetic causes of male infertility: a Middle East and North Africa perspective
Authors: Duvuru Ruthwik , Halabi Mouhammad , Omolaoye Temidayo S. , Du Plessis Stefan S.
Published: January 2022

Male infertility is attributable to 50% of total infertility cases and about 30% of these cases remain idiopathic. In the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA), male infertility affects about 22.6% of men of reproductive age. Male infertility is caused by a variety of factors, including endocrine disruption, exposure to toxins, lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic modifications. Genetic modifications, including chromosomal abnormalities, chromosomal rearrangements, Y chromosome microdeletions and single-gene mutations, explain for about 10-15% of infertility cases. Since genetic aberration is a key player in the pathogenesis of male infertility, it is important to explore the impact in the MENA region due to the high incidence of male infertility. Therefore, the current study aims to systematically analyse the literature regarding the impact and common causes of male infertility in the MENA region. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Following the search, a total of 126 articles was retrieved, of which 12 were duplicates and another 69 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria, totaling the exclusion of 81 articles. Studies excluded were those that had patient populations originating outside the MENA region, review articles, non-English written articles, or studies where the patient population was under 18 years of age.

Findings showed that the frequent genetic aberration leading to male infertility in these regions include Y chromosome microdeletions, gene polymorphisms or copy number variations, mitochondrial microdeletions and other genetic deletions or mutations. In lieu of this, diverse clinical genetic tests should be made available for the proper diagnosis of male infertility.
The implications of Industry 4.0 on supply chains amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Reza Mohammad Nurul Hassan , Jayashree Sreenivasan , Malarvizhi Chinnasamy Agamudai Nambi , Rauf Md Abdur , Jayaraman Kalaivani , Shareef Syed Hussain
Published: January 2022

Background: COVID-19 has caused significant disruptions in supply chains. It has increased the demand for products and decreased the supply of raw materials. This has interrupted many production processes. The emerging technologies of Industry 4.0 have the potential to streamline supply chains by improving time-sensitive customized solutions during this emergency.

Purpose: The study identifies the core technologies of Industry 4.0 and the role and impact of these technologies in managing the disruption caused by the COVID-19 outbreak in strengthening the supply chain resilience.

Design/methodology/approach: An extensive literature review using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” method was carried out on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains and Industry 4.0 technologies. The study was undertaken by selecting keywords validated by experts, and a search was conducted in the Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Publications from the leading journals on these topics were selected. The bibliographical search resulted in 1484 articles, followed by multiple layers of filtering. Finally, the most pertinent articles were selected for review, and a total of 42 articles were analyzed.

Findings: The findings of the study showed that the majority of the articles emphasized the digitalization of supply chain management, acknowledging the fundamentals, applications, and prospects, revealing the drivers and challenges of Industry 4.0 technologies to manage disruptions. Most of the authors identified IoT, big data, cloud computing, additive manufacturing, and blockchain to maintain the supply chain resilience.

Originality/value: Existing literature on epidemics lacks the basics and practices of utilizing Industry 4.0 technologies in the supply chain recovery process. To fill this research gap, the study summarizes the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to lessen supply chain disruptions caused by COVID-19. The study findings are valuable for policymakers and practitioners and contribute to supply chain management studies.
bit: a multipurpose collection of bioinformatics tools
Authors: Lee Michael
Published: January 2022

bit is a collection of small scripts and programs that facilitate many common tasks in bioinformatics. It operates in a Unix-like command-line environment and is comprised of bash and python code. bit is openly available on GitHub, archived with Zenodo, and is conda installable. The package is useful for users who want to do things such as manipulate fasta files, calculate GC content, quickly summarize nucleotide assemblies, easily download assemblies from NCBI just based on accessions, pull amino-acid sequences from GenBank files, calculate Shannon uncertainty for columns in multiple sequence alignments, and more. The source code is hosted on GitHub: github.com/AstrobioMike/bit
Zwierzęta jako przedmiot opresji w Polsce w latach 1945–1970: w poszukiwaniu głównych pól badawczych
Authors: Jarosz Dariusz
Published: January 2022

Artykuł włącza się w dynamicznie rozwijającą się dziedzinę współczesnej historiografii, jaką jest historia zwierząt i relacji międzygatunkowych, skupiając się na zagadnieniu opresji wobec zwierząt w najnowszej historii Polski. Przedstawia wstępne wyniki kwerendy archiwalnej przeprowadzonej w Archiwum Akt Nowych, Archiwum Zakładowym Ministerstwa Środowiska oraz w Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej, a także analiz publicystyki prasowej, która pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie kilku najważniejszych pól badawczych problematyki opresji wobec zwierząt w Polsce w latach 1945–1970.
„Społeczeństwo dało dowód dojrzałości politycznej”. Grudzień ’70 w województwie katowickim
Authors: Dziuba Adam
Published: January 2022

W artykule omówiono sytuację społeczno-polityczną w województwie katowickim w grudniu 1970 r., po ogłoszeniu podwyżki cen artykułów spożywczych, działania prewencyjne i porządkowe podejmowane przez MO i aparat bezpieczeństwa w dniach kryzysu oraz reakcję PZPR na wzrastające wzburzenie społeczeństwa. Mimo narastającego napięcia, wzmacnianego przez wieści o robotniczej rewolcie w miastach Wybrzeża, siły policyjne skutecznie paraliżowały słabe próby wzniecenia strajków i manifestacji w województwie katowickim. Polityczne zmiany w kierownictwie PZPR zapobiegły eskalacji kryzysu. Na postawy mieszkańców regionu wpłynęły ponadto: silna pozycja PZPR, prewencyjne aresztowanie blisko tysiąca potencjalnych liderów protestów i zamieszek, relatywnie nie najgorsze warunki życia w województwie katowickim, rozbieżne interesy różnych grup ludności województwa.
Listy samotnych matek. Społeczno-polityczne konteksty powstania funduszu alimentacyjnego w 1974 roku
Authors: Miernik Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

Tekst opisuje problemy, jakie w świetle listów pisanych do urzędów centralnych dotykały matki samotnie wychowujące dzieci. Dramatyczna sytuacja ekonomiczna zmuszała je do poszukiwania pomocy u najwyższych władz. W wyniku społecznych nacisków w 1974 r. ekipa Edwarda Gierka powołała fundusz alimentacyjny.
Proyecto EASE. El estrés escolar en el alumnado de secundaria en España. Informe global de la Fase 1
Authors: García Moya Irene
Published: January 2022

Este informe proporciona un resumen de los resultados de los cuestionarios online contestados por 4768 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria durante el curso 2020-2021, en los 54 centros públicos y privados andaluces participantes en la fase 1 del proyecto EASE, "El Estrés Escolar en el Alumnado de Secundaria en España. Un Estudio Mixto Orientado al Desarrollo de Claves de Actuación en el Contexto Familiar y Escolar". Por tanto, este informe es parte del proyecto PID2019-105463RA-I00, financiado por MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y realizado en la Universidad de Sevilla. El informe aporta resultados en tres grandes áreas: I. Estrés escolar II. Clima escolar y familiar III. Regulación emocional y bienestar
Competencia financiera y educación: una aproximación desde el mapeo de la ciencia.
Authors: Sánchez Antolín F. Javier , Marbán José M.
Published: January 2022

El constructo Competencia Financiera ha recibido atención por parte de la comunidad científica desde mediados del siglo pasado, pero las publicaciones en las que el mismo se enmarca en un contexto educativo son mucho más recientes, contexto que fija ahora su atención en un nuevo constructo, el de Alfabetización Financiera. El presente estudio ofrece una visión general de la evolución y del estado actual de la investigación vinculada a ambos por medio de un mapeo sistemático y con la mirada puesta en el ámbito propio de la educación, mapeo apoyado en el software de análisis bibliométrico VOSviewer. Los resultados muestran cómo las publicaciones enmarcadas en el ámbito educativo se han empezado a mostrar relevantes principalmente en el último quinquenio y cómo las temáticas más relevantes, aunque muestran una dispersión alta y en continuo crecimiento, hacen referencia a la educación financiera, a las cualificaciones y titulaciones profesionales, al análisis de riesgos en diversos escenarios, a la evaluación o a la toma de decisiones. Por último, llama la atención la escasa relación que muestran los trabajos centrados en la Competencia Financiera con aquellos orientados a la Educación Financiera, especialmente si tenemos en cuenta el elevado número de estudios y trabajos desarrollados en los últimos años en este segundo ámbito.
The Effect of Outsourcing Pricing Algorithms on Market Competition
Authors: Harrington Joseph E.
Published: January 2022

A third party developer designs and sells a pricing algorithm that enhances a firm’s ability to tailor prices to a source of demand variation, whether high-frequency demand shocks or market segmentation. The equilibrium pricing algorithm is characterized that maximizes the third party’s profit given firms’ optimal adoption decisions. Outsourcing the pricing algorithm does not reduce competition but does make prices more sensitive to the demand variation, and this is shown to decrease consumer welfare and increase industry profit. This effect is larger when products are more substitutable.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Do We Have a Culprit? An Association of Giant Cell Arteritis with Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Miguel Gonçalves Carolina , Neves Tavares Pedro , Saraiva Fátima , Morais João , Banza Maria Jesus
Published: January 2022

Giant cell arteritis is the most common type of systemic vasculitis. An increased risk of venous thromboembolism has been described in these patients. We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with a history of polymyalgia rheumatica, who presented with left thoracic pain radiating to the neck and scapula plus temporal headache. She had no changes on physical examination, but work-up tests showed increased D-dimer levels and computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed signs of a chronic/subacute embolism in the right inferior lobe. Anticoagulation with edoxaban was started after 5-day bridging with enoxaparin. Three weeks after the initial diagnosis the headache still persisted and she developed scalp tenderness. Giant cell arteritis was diagnosed and treated with prednisolone, with complete resolution of symptoms. Extensive diagnostic work-up was performed to identify an alternative cause of pulmonary thromboembolism; however, the investigations were negative. This case supports the hypothesis that this type of vasculitis could be related to the occurrence of pulmonary embolism.
The association between socioeconomic status and the 30- and 90-day risk of infection after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Edwards Nina M. , Varnum Claus , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Overgaard Søren , Pedersen Alma B.
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher risk of infections following total hip arthroplasty (THA) at 30 and 90 days.

Methods

We obtained individual-based information on SES markers (cohabitation, education, income, and savings) on 103,901 THA patients from Danish health registries between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2017. The primary outcome measure was any hospital-treated infection (i.e. all infections). The secondary outcomes were further specified to specific hospital-treated infections (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and periprosthetic joint infection). The primary timepoint was within 90 days. In addition, the outcomes were further evaluated within 30 days. We calculated the cumulative incidence, and used the pseudo-observation method and generalized linear regression to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each marker.

Results

The cumulative incidence of any infection at 90 days was highest in patients who lived alone (1.5% (95% CI 1.3 to 1.6)) versus cohabitant (0.7% (95% CI 0.7 to 0.8)), had the lowest educational achievement (1.1% (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2)) versus highest (0.7% (95% CI 0.5 to 0.8)), had the lowest income (1.6% (95% CI 1.5 to 1.70)) versus highest (0.4% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.5)), or had lowest savings (1.3% (95% CI 1.2 to 1.4)) versus highest (0.7% (95% CI 0.6 to 0.8)). Within 90 days, the RRs for any infection were 1.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.4) for patients living alone versus cohabiting, 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.3) for low education achievement versus high, 1.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.1) for low income versus high income, and 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.8) for low savings versus high savings. The same trends were also seen for any infections within the first 30 days.

Conclusion

Our study provides evidence that socioeconomic inequality adversely influences the risk of infection after THA, thus contributing to healthcare disparities and inequalities. We found that living alone, low educational achievement, low income, or low savings were associated with higher risks of infections within the first 30 and 90 days after THA. Therefore, the development of targeted intervention strategies with the aim of increasing awareness of patients identified as being at greatest risk is needed to mitigate the impact of SES on the risk of infections following THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):221–226.
A comparison of the post-fusion outcome of patients with early-onset scoliosis treated with traditional and magnetically controlled growing rods
Authors: Tahir Muaaz , Mehta Dhruv , Sandhu Callum , Jones Morgan , Gardner Adrian , Mehta Jwalant S.
Published: January 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with early-onset scoliosis (EOS), who had undergone spinal fusion after distraction-based spinal growth modulation using either traditional growing rods (TGRs) or magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs).

Methods

We undertook a retrospective review of skeletally mature patients who had undergone fusion for an EOS, which had been previously treated using either TGRs or MCGRs. Measured outcomes included sequential coronal T1 to S1 height and major curve (Cobb) angle on plain radiographs and any complications requiring unplanned surgery before final fusion.

Results

We reviewed 43 patients (63% female) with a mean age of 6.4 years (SD 2.6) at the index procedure, and 12.2 years (SD 2.2) at final fusion. Their mean follow-up was 8.1 years (SD 3.4). A total of 16 patients were treated with MCGRs and 27 with TGRs. The mean number of distractions was 7.5 in the MCGR group and ten in the TGR group (p = 0.471). The mean interval between distractions was 3.4 months in the MCGR group and 8.6 months in the TGR group (p < 0.001). The mean Cobb angle had improved by 25.1° in the MCGR group and 23.2° in TGR group (p = 0.664) at final follow-up. The mean coronal T1 to S1 height had increased by 16% in the MCGR group and 32.9% in TGR group (p = 0.001), although the mean T1 to S1 height achieved at final follow-up was similar in both. Unplanned operations were needed in 43.8% of the MCGR group and 51.2% of TGR group (p = 0.422).

Conclusion

In this retrospective, single-centre review, there were no significant differences in major curve correction or gain in spinal height at fusion. Although the number of planned procedures were fewer in patients with MCGRs, the rates of implant-related complications needing unplanned revision surgery were similar in the two groups. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):257–264.
Outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty following septic arthritis of the hip
Authors: Bettencourt Jacob W. , Wyles Cody C. , Osmon Douglas R. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: January 2022

Aims

Septic arthritis of the hip often leads to irreversible osteoarthritis (OA) and the requirement for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to report the mid-term risk of any infection, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), aseptic revision, and reoperation in patients with a past history of septic arthritis who underwent THA, compared with a control group of patients who underwent THA for OA.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 256 THAs in 244 patients following septic arthritis of the native hip, which were undertaken between 1969 and 2016 at a single institution. Each case was matched 1:1, based on age, sex, BMI, and year of surgery, to a primary THA performed for OA. The mean age and BMI were 58 years (35 to 84) and 31 kg/m2 (18 to 48), respectively, and 100 (39%) were female. The mean follow-up was 11 years (2 to 39).

Results

The ten-year survival free of any infection was 91% and 99% in the septic arthritis and OA groups, respectively (hazard ratio (HR) = 13; p < 0.001). The survival free of PJI at ten years was 93% and 99% in the septic arthritis and OA groups, respectively (HR = 10; p = 0.002). There was a significantly higher rate of any infection at ten years when THA was undertaken within five years of the diagnosis of septic arthritis compared with those in whom THA was undertaken > five years after this diagnosis was made (14% vs 5%, respectively; HR = 3.1; p = 0.009), but there was no significant difference in ten-year survival free of aseptic revision (HR = 1.14; p = 0.485). The mean Harris Hip Scores at two and five years postoperatively were significantly lower in the septic arthritis group compared with the OA group (p = 0.001 for both).

Conclusion

There was a ten-fold increased risk of PJI in patients with a history of septic arthritis who underwent THA compared with those who underwent THA for OA with a ten-year cumulative incidence of 7%. The risk of any infection had a strong downward trend as the time interval between the diagnosis of septic arthritis and THA increased, highlighted by a 3.1-fold higher risk when THAs were performed within five years of the diagnosis being made. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(2):227–234.
On dropping one’s trousers and reclaiming relativism: a reply to ‘The prosecution of Dawoodi Bohra women’ by Richard Shweder
Authors: Londoño Sulkin Carlos David
Published: January 2022

People do the kinds of things with vulvas and penes that they do with other meaningful forms: they include them directly or indirectly in meaningful gestures—by showing, hiding, touching, or altering their appearance, or by speaking about them—to establish and negotiate and sometimes end relationships, to express or live up to a certain picture of the kinds of persons they are or ought or desire to be, and to make claims about the world. The meanings of semiotic deployments involving genitals are tied to people’s lives among other people, in particular personal and historical circumstances. They are multiple, varied, social, intensely personal, and contingent—in a word, they are relative—as are the moral, aesthetic, and epistemic criteria with which we and others gauge them.
Normalization, orthogonality, and completeness of quasinormal modes of open systems: the case of electromagnetism [Invited]
Authors: Sauvan Christophe , Wu Tong , Zarouf Rachid , Muljarov Egor A. , Lalanne Philippe
Published: January 2022

The scattering of electromagnetic waves by resonant systems is determined by the excitation of the quasinormal modes (QNMs), i.e. the eigenmodes, of the system. This Review addresses three fundamental concepts in relation to the representation of the scattered field as a superposition of the excited QNMs: normalization, orthogonality, and completeness. Orthogonality and normalization enable a straightforward assessment of the QNM excitation strength for any incident wave. Completeness guarantees that the scattered field can be faithfully expanded into the complete QNM basis. These concepts are not trivial for non-conservative (non-Hermitian) systems and have driven many theoretical developments since initial studies in the 70’s. Yet, they are not easy to grasp from the extensive and scattered literature, especially for newcomers in the field. After recalling fundamental results obtained in initial studies on the completeness of the QNM basis for simple resonant systems, we review recent achievements and the debate on the normalization, clarify under which circumstances the QNM basis is complete, and highlight the concept of QNM regularization with complex coordinate transforms.
Nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer isolator
Authors: Singh Neetesh , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2022

Isolators are important devices in optics, especially for low noise systems, as even a small amount of back reflection can be detrimental to the quality of the signal generated by the source impacting downstream applications. Traditionally, magneto-optical materials have been used in isolators for bulk and fiber based optical systems. However, they tend to have high insertion loss, and are complicated to integrate on a photonics chip. Another class of isolators is based on optical nonlinearity that do not require external magnetic bias. However, the devices demonstrated so far suffer from either limited bandwidth, high insertion loss or fabrication complexity. In this work, we demonstrate a monolithic, fully complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible, nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer isolator based on third order optical nonlinearity, that overcomes such issues. In this proof of principle study, we show up to 15 dB isolation with 0.4 dB insertion loss and a device footprint of 0.4 mm2 which can easily be improved on further. The device is broadband and is independent of wavelength, material, and the platform. Not only can such a device be used for integrated optical systems but also for the fibre based optical systems.
Design considerations of gold nanoantenna dimers for plasmomechanical transduction
Authors: Buch Zubair , Schmid Silvan
Published: January 2022

Internal optical forces emerging from plasmonic interactions in gold nanodisc, nanocube and nanobar dimers were studied by the finite element method. A direct correlation between the electric-field enhancement and optical forces was found by observing the largest magnitude of optical forces in nanocube dimers. Moreover, further amplification of optical forces was achieved by employing optical power of the excitation source. The strength of optical forces was observed to be governed by the magnitude of polarisation density on the nanoparticles, which can be varied by modifying the nanoparticle geometry and source wavelength. This study allows us to recognise that nanoparticle geometry along with the inter-dimer distance are the most prominent design considerations for optimising optical forces in plasmonic dimers. The findings facilitate the realisation of all-optical modulation in a plasmomechanical nanopillar system, which has promising applications in ultra-sensitive nanomechanical sensing and building reconfigurable metamaterials.
Temporal modulation of a spectral compressor for efficient quantum storage
Authors: Myilswamy Karthik V. , Weiner Andrew M.
Published: January 2022

Spectral and temporal mode matching are required for the efficient interaction of photons and quantum memories. In our previous work [ Opt. Lett. 45, 5688 (2020).10.1364/OL.404891], we proposed a new route to spectrally compress broadband photons to achieve spectral mode matching with narrowband memories, using a linear, time-variant optical cavity based on rapid switching of input coupling. In this work, we extend our approach to attain temporal mode matching as well by exploiting the time variation of output coupling of the cavity. We numerically analyze the mode matching and loss performance of our time-varying cavity and present a possible implementation in integrated photonics.
Dynamically regulated electroluminescence via strain engineering
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Liu Yang , Liu Wei , Lin Yi , Ji Yanda , Jiang Mingming , Kan Caixia , Xu Chunxiang
Published: January 2022

Dynamic regulation of the light-emission wavelength has important scientific significance for developing new electroluminescent devices and expanding the application scope to the fields of lighting, display, sensing, and human–machine interaction. In this work, an electroluminescent device with a dynamically tunable emission wavelength is achieved based on the piezoresistive effect. The tunable range can reach up to 12 nm as the external strain increases from 0% to 0.148%. Also, the luminescence mechanism of the device is systematically analyzed, and is shown to be mainly due to the transition of electrons in the ground state to the excitation state caused by thermal tunneling excitation with the participation of multi-phonons. The shift of the emission wavelength originates from the narrowing of the energy band structure under the tensile strain and the change of the crystal field around the defect centers. This work provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for the development of wavelength-tunable light-emitting devices.
Transport properties of optically thin solid dielectrics from frequency correlations of randomly scattered light
Authors: Aubry Geoffroy J. , Fuchs Nathan , Skipetrov Sergey , Scheffold Frank
Published: January 2022

Frequency-dependent intensity correlation function measurements can be employed to determine the optical turbidity of solid disordered dielectrics. Here we demonstrate a speckle frequency correlation experiment with a focused beam and using an area detector. We show how to apply frequency correlation measurements to optically thin solid samples with the aim of determining the light diffusion coefficient and transport mean free path ℓ*. To give a practical example, we extract the optical transport mean free path of PTFE (Teflon) slabs, with a thickness of L = 0.4–3.5 mm, covering optical densities L/ℓ* ∼ 4–15.
Cr/C lamellar multilayer grating in conical diffraction mounting for beam splitter used in X-ray free-electron lasers
Authors: Feng Yufei , Du LiangLiang , Huang Qiushi , Liu Zhengkun , Sokolov Andrey , Qi Runze , Yang Xiaowei , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan
Published: January 2022

A lamellar multilayer grating in a conical diffraction mounting was proposed as a beam splitter for X-ray free-electron lasers. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the distribution of diffraction efficiency can be adjusted by optimizing the groove depth or d-spacing. A Cr/C multilayer lamellar grating with a line density of approximately 2500 L/mm was fabricated. The performance of the element was measured in the Optics Beamline PM-1 (BESSY-II) at an energy of 1500 eV. A five-order diffraction pattern was recognized, and the diffraction efficiencies of the −/+first-order were approximately 12.6 and 4.4%, respectively. The asymmetric distribution of diffraction efficiency can be caused by the different sidewall angles of the grating groove.
Controllable propagation paths of gap solitons
Authors: Wang Qing , Mihalache Dumitru , Belić Milivoj R. , Zhang Lingling , Ke Lin , Zeng Liangwei
Published: January 2022

This paper numerically investigates the evolution of solitons in an optical lattice with gradual longitudinal manipulation. We find that the stationary solutions (with added noise to the amplitude) keep their width, profile, and intensity very well, although the propagation path is continuously changing during the modulated propagation. Discontinuities in the modulation functions cause the scattering of the beam that may end the stable propagation. Our results reveal a method to control the trajectory of solitons by designed variation of the optical lattice waveguides. Interesting examples presented include the snakelike and spiraling solitons that both can be adaptively induced in sinusoidally and helically shaped optical lattices. The controlled propagation paths provide an excellent opportunity for various applications, including optical switches and signal transmission, among others.
Decoherence modeling of polarization mode dispersion for one- and two-photon states in optical fibers
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Lei Yian
Published: January 2022

We investigate the effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on the propagation of single- and two-photon states in single-mode fibers. We look at PMD as decoherence due to the system's coupling with the bosonic environment involved in optical birefringence and a thermal bath, respectively. The evolution of the polarization density matrix is described by a master equation, and its solution is used to calculate the differential group delay (DGD) due to the fiber. The PMD effects on the dynamics of EPR states in optical fibers are investigated by using the same method. In both the short-time and long-time regimes, we find that PMD-induced and thermal-induced decoherence behave similarly.