bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presentation and Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis After Supratentorial Craniotomy
Authors: Planet Martin , Roux Alexandre , Elia Angela , Moiraghi Alessandro , Leclerc Arthur , Aboubakr Oumaima , Bedioui Aziz , Antonia Simboli Giorgia , Benzakoun Joseph , Parraga Eduardo , Dezamis Edouard , Muto Jun , Chrétien Fabrice , Oppenheim Catherine , Turc Guillaume , Zanello Marc , Pallud Johan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) after supratentorial craniotomy is a poorly studied complication, for which there are no management guidelines. This study assessed the incidence, associated risk factors, and management of postoperative CVST after awake craniotomy.

METHODS:

This is an observational, retrospective, monocentric analysis of patients who underwent a supratentorial awake craniotomy. Postoperative CVST was defined as a flow defect on the postoperative contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted sequence and/or as a T2* hypointensity within the sinus.

RESULTS:

In 401 supratentorial awake craniotomies (87.3% of diffuse glioma), the incidence of postoperative CVST was 4.0% (95% CI 2.5-6.4): 14/16 thromboses located in the superior sagittal sinus and 12/16 located in the transverse sinus. A venous sinus was exposed during craniotomy in 45.4% of cases, and no intraoperative injury to a cerebral venous sinus was reported. All thromboses were asymptomatic, and only two cases were diagnosed at the time of the first postoperative imaging (0.5%). Postoperative complications, early postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status score, and duration of hospital stay did not significantly differ between patients with and without postoperative CVST. Adjusted independent risk factors of postoperative CVST were female sex (adjusted Odds Ratio 4.00, 95% CI 1.24-12.91, P = .021) and a lesion ≤1 cm to a venous sinus (adjusted Odds Ratio 10.58, 95% CI 2.93-38.20, P < .001). All patients received standard prophylactic-dose anticoagulant therapy, and none received treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy. No thrombosis-related adverse event was reported. All thromboses presented spontaneous sinus recanalization radiologically at a mean of 89 ± 41 days (range, 7-171).

CONCLUSION:

CVST after supratentorial awake craniotomy is a rare event with satisfactory clinical outcomes and spontaneous sinus recanalization under conservative management without treatment-dose anticoagulant therapy. These findings are comforting to neurosurgeons confronted with postoperative MRI reports suggesting CVST.
Neuropsin promotes hippocampal synaptogenesis by regulating the expression and cleavage of L1CAM
Authors: Barman Bhabotosh , Thakur Mahendra Kumar
Published: January 2024

During early postnatal brain development, the formation of proper synaptic connections between neurons is crucial for the development of functional neural networks. Recent studies have established the involvement of protease-mediated modulations of extracellular components in both synapse formation and elimination. The secretory serine protease neuropsin (also known as kallikrein-8) cleaves a few transmembrane or extracellular matrix proteins in a neural activity-dependent manner and regulates neural plasticity. However, neuropsin-dependent proteolysis of extracellular components and the involvement of these components in mouse brain development are poorly understood. We have observed that during hippocampus development, expression of neuropsin and levels of full-length or cleaved fragments of the neuropsin substrate protein L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) positively correlate with synaptogenesis. Our subcellular fractionation studies show that the expression of neuropsin and its proteolytic activity on L1CAM are enriched at developing hippocampal synapses. Activation of neuropsin expression upregulates the transcription and cleavage of L1CAM. Furthermore, blocking of neuropsin activity, as well as knockdown of L1CAM expression, significantly downregulates in vitro hippocampal synaptogenesis. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of neuropsin activity-dependent regulation of L1CAM expression and cleavage in hippocampal synaptogenesis.
The beautiful form
Authors: Σπηλιωτακάρας Αθανάσιος
Published: January 2024

Η Αισθητική θεωρία του Καντ, όπως την βρίσκουμε στην Κριτική της Κριτικής Δύναμης, έχει μελετηθεί εκτεταμένα σε ακαδημαικό επίπεδο τις τελευταίες πέντε δεκαετίες. Παρόλαυτα, οι σχολιαστές του Καντ αντιμετωπίζουν δυσκολία στο να δώσουν μια πειστική απάντηση στο ερώτημα ποια αντικείμενα είναι ωραία και τι τα κάνει ωραία, παραδεχόμενοι συχνά την πιθανότητα να μπορεί δυνητικά κάθε αντικείμενο να είναι ωραίο. Εκκινώντας απο αυτό το ερώτημα, η διατριβή αυτή αντικρούει την θέση ότι η μη γνώση ενός αντικειμένου και μόνο κάνει το αντικείμενο αυτό ωραίο για τον Καντ. Αντιθέτως, ισχυρίζεται ότι η αισθητηριακή μορφή ενός αντικειμένου πρέπει να κατανοηθεί ως το πρωτεύον έδαφος προσδιορισμού της ωραιότητάς του. Σε αντίθεση με της σχολιαστικές ανησυχίες που κινητοποιόυνται απο την απειλή της αποδοχής ενός περιοριστικού αισθητικού φορμαλισμού, η αντίληψη του Καντ για την μορφή είναι εγγενώς ευρύτερη απ'ότι συνήθως πιστεύεται, και μόνο διαμέσου αυτής της έννοιας μπορεί να καλυφθεί το ερμηνευτικό κενό του να μην καταδεικνύεται ποια αντικείμενα είναι ωραία. Η διατριβή αυτή παρουσιάζει ένα προοδευτικό επιχείρημα προς αυτήν την κατεύθυνση, εκκινώντας απο τον Καντιανό ορισμό της μορφής ένος αντικειμένου της εμπειρίας εν γένει, συνεχίζοντας με την εξέταση των μη ωραίων μορφών των αντικειμένων, και καταλήγοντας στις ωραίες κατά Καντ μορφές. Ο στόχος της διατριβής είναι η αποκατάσταση αυτού που ο συγγραφέας θεωρεί ότι είναι η αυθεντική αντίληψη του Καντ σχετικά με το τι κάνει ένα αντικείμενο ωραίο, και η αποκατάσταση του πλήρους εύρους του ρόλου και της σημασίας της έννοιας της μορφής για το επιχείρημα του Καντ στην Κριτική της Κριτικής Δύναμης. Κάνοντας το παραπάνω, αποκαλύπτονται τα στοιχεία που κάνουν τους αναγνώστες να εκτιμούν το κείμενο του Καντ ως αισθητική θεωρία και συνιστούν την μοναδική συμβολή του Καντ στο πεδιό της αισθητικής φιλοσοφίας.
Validation of a Thai artificial chatmate designed for cheering up the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Deepaisarn Somrudee , Imkome Ek-uma , Wongpatikaseree Konlakorn , Yuenyong Sumeth , Lakanavisid Ploi , Soonthornchaiva Rangsiman , Yomaboot Panida , Angkoonsawaengsuk Angkoon , Munpansa Napawan
Published: January 2024

Background The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected populations of all age groups. The elderly are a high-risk group and are highly vulnerable to COVID-19. Assistive software chatbots can enhance the mental health status of the elderly by providing support and companionship. The objective of this study was to validate a Thai artificial chatmate for the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic and floods. Methods Chatbot design includes the establishment of a dataset and emotional word vectors in which data consisting of emotional sentences were converted into the word vector form using a pre-trained word2vec model. A word vector was then input into a convolutional neural network (CNN) and trained until the model converges using sentence embedding and similarity word segmentation. Sentence vectors were generated by averaging each word vector using an averaged vector method. For approximate similarity matching, the Annoy library was used to create the indices in tree sorting. Data were collected from 22 elderly and assessed by the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). Results The study revealed that 72.73% of the respondents found the chatbot easy to learn and use, 63.64% of the respondents found the chatbot can autonomously determine the next course of action, and 59.09% of the respondents believed that troubleshooting guidelines were provided for overcoming errors. The accuracy of the chatbot providing a reasonable response is 56.20±13.99%. Conclusions Most users were satisfied with the chatbot system. The proposed chatbot provided considerable essential insights into the development of assistance systems for the elderly during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and during the period of national disasters. The model can be expanded to other applications in the future.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of 3C antibiotic paste with triple antibiotic paste as root canal filling material for primary teeth: An in-vitro study
Authors: Chandra Aakriti , Thosar Nilima
Published: January 2024

Root canal infection in primary teeth is polymicrobial in nature. Most resistant micro-organisms, such as E.faecalis survive in chronic infection of the root canal at the periapical area and are difficult to remove by various root canal irrigants. C.albicans has been found in chronic infections of root canals of primary teeth due to its ability to invade dentinal tubules. The multiple bacteria strains which cause endodontic infections, make it difficult to clean root canals with a single effective antibiotic. Hence Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) has been previously introduced, consisting of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline. Although this mixture aids in pulp regeneration and has been used to disinfect root canal systems, it is linked to tooth discolouration. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly formulated 3C antibiotic paste (consisting of Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Cefaclor) with conventional TAP against E. faecalis and C. albicans. In this in-vitro laboratory study, pure culture of C. albicans and E. faecalis will be grown on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SD) agar and Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) agar respectively and will be suspended for 24 hours at 37°C. For comparison of antimicrobial efficacy, the zone of inhibition will be for the 3C antibiotic paste against conventional TAP (control) for E. faecalis and C. albicans, and will be determined using digital calliper in millimetre after every 24 and 72 hours. We hypothesise that the newly formulated 3C paste will have better antimicrobial efficacy when compared with conventional TAP. It is expected that a newly formulated 3C paste will prove to be the successful as root canal filling material for primary teeth.
Prevalence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl) and exfoliative toxin A (eta) gene within methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an urban tertiary hospital: A molecular epidemiology pilot study
Authors: Amelia Sri , Kusumawati R. Lia , Hasibuan Mirzan , Winda Lavarina , Balatif Ridwan , Ivander Alvin
Published: January 2024

Background Staphylococcus aureus is well known to cause a multitude of clinical manifestations, from mild to severe bloodstream infections that could lead to death. Infections are common, either in community-acquired or hospital-acquired settings, and treatment remains a challenge due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The pathogenesis of S. aureus is mediated by several cell-surface and secreted virulence factors. The virulence factors discussed in this study are Panton-Valentine leucocidin (pvl) and exfoliative toxin A (eta). Identifying both pvl and eta gene may help in studying bacterial pathogenesis and biology thus creating possible therapeutic pathway or intervention. Our pilot study aimed to observe pvl and eta as virulence gene prevalence in a North Sumatera tertiary referral health center. Methods Our study was a descriptive-analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in which we collected isolates over a single time period. The frequency of genes is reported as a percentage comparison between MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Qualitative gene prevalence analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Our results showed that from 38 MRSA sample isolates, six samples were found to be pvl-negative, or 15.7% of the total samples. From 40 MSSA sample isolates, one sample was found to be pvl-negative MSSA, or 0.025%. Regarding eta, from 38 MRSA sample isolates, 18.4% of the total sample did not have eta, while from 40 MSSA sample isolates, all samples were found to be positive for eta. We found that both pvl and eta were significantly more likely to be expressed in the MSSA strain. Conclusions Our study shows that pvl and eta are more likely expressed in MSSA strains than in MRSA strains in Indonesia.
Case Report: Endovascular technique for intravascular foreign body retrieval in severely preterm neonate
Authors: Darmawan Marsha Ruthy , Wahyono Djuwita Adi , Pasiak Taufiq Fredrik , Julia Listyo , Irhamni Irhamni , Putranto Terawan Agus
Published: January 2024

Background Intravascular foreign bodies (IFB) in severely preterm neonates present critical clinical challenges. Traditional surgical removals are often risky and may not be feasible in these patients. This case report aims to detail a successful endovascular approach for IFB retrieval in a severely preterm neonate. Case This is a case report of a 14-day old, male 30-week gestation neonate with a retained umbilical catheter fragment. The baby was referred after an unsuccessful explorative laparotomy by a paediatric surgery team. The endovascular procedure was performed using a 4 French (Fr) vertebra catheter and a One Snare wire in the right femoral region under low-dose fluoroscopy. The IFB was successfully removed. Post-procedure, the patient’s leukocyte count normalized, and he transitioned from ventilator support to a nasal cannula and eventually to room air within three days. The neonate could also tolerate oral intake, signalling a rapid recovery and low morbidity. Conclusions This case report highlights the potential of endovascular approaches for IFB retrieval as viable alternatives to traditional surgeries, especially in neonates where surgical options are limited or have failed. Further research is needed to standardize such minimally invasive techniques in neonatal care.
Co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors for non-communicable diseases among 40-year and above aged community members in three regions of Myanmar
Authors: Mon Aye Sandar , Win Hla Hla , Sandar Win Pa , Walton Poppy , Swe Khin Hnin , Vervoort Johanna P. M. , Landsman Jeanet A. , Rusnak Martin , Koot Jaap A. R.
Published: January 2024

Background Risky behaviours such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables are known contributing factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which account for 74% of global mortality. Such behavioural risk factors co-occur frequently resulting in synergistic action for developing NCD related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the existence of multiple risk behaviours and determine the socio-economic and demographic factors associated with co-occurrence of behavioural risks among Myanmar adult population. Method Data were collected, in the context of the SUNI-SEA project (Scaling Up NCD interventions in Southeast Asia), from 660 community members aged 40 years and above of both sexes, residing in selected urban and rural areas from Ayeyawaddy, Yangon and Mandalay regions of Myanmar. The co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors was presented as percentage with 95% CI and its determinants were identified by multinomial logistic regression. Results The co-occurrence of two risk behaviours and three or four risk behaviours were found in 40% (95% CI: 36.2%, 43.9%) and 10.8% (95% CI: 8.5%, 13.4%) respectively. Urban residents, men, participants without formal schooling and unemployed persons were more likely to exhibit co-occurrence of two risk behaviors and three or four risk behaviours. Conclusion The current study shows high prevalence of co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors among Myanmar adults in the study area. NCD prevention and control programs emphasizing management of behavioural risks should be intensively promoted, particularly directed towards multiple behavioural risk factors, and not focused on individual factors only.
Universal mental health training for frontline professionals: evaluation of pilot trial in Ukraine
Authors: Gorbunova Viktoriia , Klymchuk Vitalii , Portnytska Nataliia , Savychenko Olha , Tychyna Iryna , Steffgen Georges
Published: January 2024

Background Increasing accessibility of mental health services and expanding universal health coverage is possible worldwide by using a task-shifting approach and delegating elements of mental health support to trained non-mental health service providers. The Universal Mental Health Training (UMHT), dedicated to this aim, was developed and piloted in Ukraine. The UMHT is a specialised program for training frontline professionals on high-quality and evidence-based responses to the mental health needs of the population they serve. Methods The controlled pilot trial of UMHTs’ efficacy was conducted with 307 frontline professionals divided into 24 training groups. The control group included 211 persons with the same occupation background who participated in training later (waiting list). All the groups took part in eight-hour training which includes one introductory module that introduces the mental health topic alongside a five-step model, two disorders-focused modules with the steps adjusted to work with specific disorders and the final module that considers possible difficulties and ways of their solving. Three efficacy measurements were used in the outcome assessment: Readiness to interact with people with mental health issues at work, mental health awareness and mental health proficiency. Results Analysis of the outcome data revealed middle-level effect size related to the knowledge of mental health conditions, mental health awareness, and increasing the readiness to interact with people with mental health issues at work in first-line professionals that underwent the UMHT. Conclusions High-level utilisation of the UMHT at work by trained professionals confirms our hypothesis on the efficacy and feasibility of the developed intervention. Results obtained favour the continuation of the development of the UMHT and future implementation research in this field in Ukraine and potentially in other low- and middle-income countries.
Level of Formation of Future Teachers' Competence in Building Moral and Legal Relations with Subjects of the Educational Process of the School)
Authors: Tarakanova L.
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of developing the readiness and ability of future teachers to build moral and legal relations between the subjects of the educational process of the school. The author reveals the essence of the concept of «moral and legal relations», determines the structure and content of teachers’ competence in the field of building such relations in the process of their professional activities, and examines the level of its formation among university graduates studying in bachelor’s programs in pedagogical education. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is made about the need to transform the legal training of future teachers, bringing it into line with the requirements and features of the development of the modern general education system. Such a transformation involves the inclusion in the educational process of the university not only of legal disciplines, but also specially designed activities for the moral education of students, assisting them in destroying the stereotypical idea of the interaction of subjects of general education, in developing a desire for new types of professional interaction, regulated by the rules of law and rights.
ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF A PSYCHOLOGIST IN DIFFICULT CASES OF COUNSELING
Authors: Sergeeva Svetlana
Published: January 2024

Modern society is increasingly emphasizing the importance of psychological health; more and more people are seeking help from specialists in the field of psychological counseling. As real practice shows, in a number of cases a psychologist begins to work with the client, but does not believe in the results of a successful outcome of counseling. This article discusses, firstly, the prerequisites for the formation of such a defective cognitive mechanism and, secondly, describes why such an approach can lead to weak or absent results for the patient, and also considers the importance of including belief ideas in the results in the spectrum of ethical axiology of a practicing psychologist.
Methodological Support for Children With Disabilities. Planner “Time Keeper”
Authors: Vasil'eva O.
Published: January 2024

In this article the author presents the development of the planner "Time Keeper", aimed at the formation of children (including children with disabilities with visual impairment) the skill of effective planning. She notes the need to teach preschool children the basics of planning in order to form integrative qualities, moral characteristics of personality, the ability to learn, readiness for selfchange, self-development, self-education. The uniqueness of this manual is that all kinds of systems are involved: visual, auditory, kinesthetic. The purpose of the article is to present the originality of the development to the pedagogical community, as well as to confirm its modernity and relevance at the scientific level.
Los sindicatos y la protección de los trabajadores inmigrantes en Europa: barreras, enfoques e intervenciones.
Authors: Debono Manwel
Published: January 2024

Migrant workers in Europe, particularly those from third countries, often encounter challenging working conditions that could significantly benefit from the support and protection provided by trade unions. This study explores the substantial obstacles that migrant workers must overcome to unionise, emphasising the structural disadvantages they face in the process. It also examines the attitudes of European trade unions towards migrant workers, revealing a growing pro-immigration trend despite certain setbacks. The study concludes by shedding light on intriguing strategies and initiatives used by trade unions to support migrant workers. The effort to integrate migrant workers into trade unions is worthwhile, despite the many difficulties involved. Unionisation stands as one of the most effective means of improving the working and living conditions of migrant workers
Aspectos laborales de la Ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, integral para la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación. En particular, el despido en situación de enfermedad: nuevos criterios legales y primeros pronunciamientos judiciales.
Authors: Galán Gutiérrez Carlos Javier
Published: January 2024

La Ley 15/2020, de 12 de julio, ha venido a regular con carácter integral el derecho a la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación, estableciendo su alcance objetivo y subjetivo y sus garantías. La nueva legislación incide en el ámbito laboral, al aplicar sus previsiones al acceso al empleo y a las condiciones de trabajo. El presente artículo analiza los aspectos básicos de la norma, para centrarse luego específicamente en el novedoso tratamiento del despido en situaciones de enfermedad, poniendo en relación el análisis jurídico de este aspecto de la ley con los primeros pronunciamientos judiciales a los que ha dado lugar.
La captación de imágenes en lugares públicos sin autorización judicial. La expectativa razonable de encontrarse al resguardo de la observación ajena como criterio clave.
Authors: Díaz Martínez Manuel
Published: January 2024

Con el fin de dotar de la necesaria cobertura legal a determinadas medidas de investigación tecnológica absolutamente indispensables para hacer frente a una fenomenología criminal de nuevo cuño y, en definitiva, garantizar las exigencias derivadas de seguridad jurídica en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentales, la Ley Orgánica 13/2015, de 5 de octubre, de modificación de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal para el fortalecimiento de las garantías procesales y la regulación de las medidas de investigación tecnológica define las modalidades de investigación tecnológica y delimita los presupuestos, constitucionales y legales, que legitiman su adopción. Una de las medidas que contempla es la captación de imágenes de la persona investigada en lugares o espacios públicos, que posee como singularidad respecto de las restantes la posibilidad de que sea acordada por la Policía Judicial sin necesidad de autorización judicial. El presente estudio se centra en la determinación de lo que haya de entenderse por espacio o lugar público como premisa legitimadora de la medida, para lo cual se analiza la reciente sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 92/2023, de 11 de septiembre, que determina que el garaje de una comunidad de propietarios no tiene tal consideración, por tratarse de un espacio que pertenece al ámbito de la intimidad protegida por el artículo 18.1 de la Constitución Española.
El uso de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la investigación de la ciberdelincuencia de género: ante el auge de los deepfakes.
Authors: González Pulido Irene
Published: January 2024

El auge de la inteligencia artificial generativa ha condicionado el devenir de los modus operandi de los ciberdelitos de género; destacando la utilización de los deepfakes. En la actualidad, preocupa la rápida adecuación y adaptación por parte de los ciberdelincuentes, en contraposición al lento desarrollo de una regulación de los diferentes sistemas de IA. El empleo de las tecnologías más novedosas para la comisión de ciberdelitos de género aumenta los obstáculos que ya encontraban las autoridades policiales y judiciales en la práctica de investigaciones en Internet. Estas cuestiones han determinado que en el presente estudio se apueste por analizar la necesidad de implementar los sistemas de IA generativa como herramientas de investigación tecnológicas, proponiendo diferentes líneas de actuación a corto, medio y largo plazo para conseguir materializar investigaciones salvaguardando todas las garantías y, por consiguiente, finalizar este tipo de procesos penales con éxito.
Aging-related Differences in Emotional Valence from the Verb Fluency Task Depending on the Time Period
Authors: Yoo Yae Rin , Paek Eun Jin , Sung Jee Eun
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify differences between younger and older adults in emotional valence (EV) of words produced during the first and second halves of a 1-minute verb fluency (VF) task. We also sought to determine the relationships between EV, demographic information, VF performance, working memory (WM), and Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE).Methods: A total of 62 healthy individuals participated in the study, with 31 individuals in each age group. A VF-task was conducted for a 1-minute window. The ratios of positive or negative verbs were calculated for the first and second halves of the task period. Digit forward and backward tests were administered and treated as a single index of WM capacity.Results: Both groups produced significantly more positive-EV words than negative, and in the first 30s compared to last 30s. The older adults produced significantly more positive-EV words in the first 30s than the younger group. The positive-EV ratio of verbs in the first 30s showed a significant negative correlation with task performance, K-MMSE, and WM measure. It also showed significant positive correlation with participants’ age.Conclusion: The current study indicates a significant decline in word production rate over time, and a tendency of easily producing positive-EV words in both group. Furthermore, the study revealed the elderly’s positivity effect on task performance. Lastly, using more positive-EV words in the early period of task tendency was significantly and negatively correlated with the task performance, WM measures, and K-MMSE.
Differences in Development of Activities, Participation during School Age (1st to 4th grade) According to Speech Sound Ability in Pre-school Age
Authors: Seo Eun-Young
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study divided groups according to speech sound ability in the pre-school age and longitudinally examined the differences in the development patterns of activities from 1st grade to 4th grade.Methods: Longitudinal research data collected from the 7th to 11th year included in the Panel Study on Korean Child (PSKC) were used. The subjects of study were classified into three groups; Typically developing (TD), mild Speech Sound Disorder (SSD), and moderate SSD according to the results of the ‘Three Sentence Screening Test’ in the 7th year. Activities, participation are comprised of learning and applying knowledge, interaction and relationship, major life. A rating score based on the evaluation of each question by the teacher in charge of the child was used.Results: The average score of the TD group was high in all areas. The SSD group was found to show significant differences from the TD in learning and applying knowledge, major life.Conclusion: Children with speech sound disorders show difficulties not only learning skills such as literacy, mathematics, and attention, but also activities required for school education. In a clinical setting, areas that may present problems should be identified and included in the intervention plan in order to minimize not only speech problems but also related problems.
The Influence of Language and Cognitive Skills on Narrative Retelling for Preschoolers with and without Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Kim Yeji , Yim Dongsun
Published: January 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm relationships between language skills (vocabulary, sentence comprehension), cognitive skills (episodic buffer) and narrative retelling in typically developing (TD) children and children with specific language impairment (SLI).Methods: A total of 24 children aged 5 to 6 years participated in this study, including SLI (n= 8) and TD (n= 16). Participants completed a vocabulary test, sentence comprehension test, episodic buffer task, and narrative retelling task. Narratives were analyzed for macrostructure (story grammar). An independent sample t-test was used to examine the difference between groups. And correlation and simple regression analysis was conducted to confirm relationships between narrative retelling and other variables in each group.Results: The SLI group showed significantly lower expressive vocabulary, sentence comprehension, episodic buffer, and narrative retelling skills. In the TD group, there was no significant correlation between narrative retelling skills and other variables. However, a significant correlation was revealed between narrative retelling skills and episodic buffer in the SLI group. Also, the episodic buffer significantly predicted the SLI group’s narrative retelling skills.Conclusion: These results confirmed that narrative retelling requires not just language skills but cognitive skills. Therefore, it is important to consider the role of cognitive skills when planning and implementing intervention for children with SLI. Further studies are required to investigate the likelihood that other language or cognitive skills have an impact on narrative skills.
ADHD Symptoms and Literacy Characteristics of Elementary School Students
Authors: Lee Eun Ju
Published: January 2024

Objectives: In this study, elementary school subjects were classified according to ADHD clinical diagnosis criteria using Korean Children’s Panel data, and the relationship between ADHD and reading and writing ability was examined.Methods: The results of four measurement variables (multiple intelligence test, Child Behavior Checklist, and reading and writing ability evaluation) evaluated in the 8th (1st grade), 9th (2nd grade), 10th (3rd grade), and 12th (5th grade) studies during elementary school were used; for a total of 2,150 participants. In the analysis, the ADHD group was classified according to the ADHD DSM clinical standard score of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL 6-18), and repeated measurement and cross-analysis were conducted on the results of the reading and writing ability evaluation.Results: The ADHD Present group had lower levels of reading and writing ability than ADHD Absent group. Furthermore, it was more difficult to write than to read. There was no interaction in the change in the level of reading and writing ability according to the ADHD group.Conclusion: It may be more desirable for the ADHD Present group to be given language intervention along with treatment access to behavioral problems. However, studies on reading disorders with comorbidity of ADHD are still very rare in the field of speech-language therapy. For an in-depth understanding of speech and language development problems and ADHD, research is needed to further study the characteristics of school-age language learning disabilities and to examine the detailed characteristics of companion disabilities.
Parental Contingent Verbal Response to Early Vocalizations of Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implantees
Authors: Jeon Yesol , Lee Youngmee
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The parental verbal response greatly influences infants’ speech-language development in early communication. This study aimed to investigate the features of parental verbal responses in infants who have undergone simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation compared to chronological age-matched (CA) and hearing age-matched (HA) children who have typical hearing.Methods: Thirteen pairs of infants with cochlear implants (CIs) and their parents, 13 pairs of CA infants and their parents, and 13 pairs of HA infants and their parents participated in this study. The parent-infant interaction task was conducted in a free-play situation. Infants’ vocalizations were classified into canonical and non-canonical vocalizations. Parental verbal responses were divided into parental contingent responses (PCRs), parental non-contingent responses (PNCRs), and no response (NR). PCRs were divided into the language expectant and language non-expectant responses.Results: There was no significant difference in the ratio of parental verbal responses between the three groups. The ratio of parental verbal responses to non-canonical vocalizations was higher than parental verbal responses to canonical vocalizations. Additionally, the ratio of PCRs was higher than that of PNCRs and NR, and the ratio of language expectant responses was higher than that of language non-expectant responses. However, the ratio of language development responses to non-canonical vocalizations is similar to that of canonical vocalizations in the CI group.Conclusion: Parents of the simultaneous bilateral CI group tend to respond quickly and sensitively to the vocalization of infants’ vocalizations. Parents in the CI group can adjust their language based on their infant’s vocalization and development. These findings can guide early intervention and coaching for parents of infants with CIs.
Correlations among Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon, Common Noun Naming and Memory in Healthy Elderly Adults
Authors: Choi Hyunjoo
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The frequency of the ‘tip of the tongue (TOT) phenomenon’, a condition in which a person feels they know a target word but cannot recall its name, increases with aging. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among the TOT phenomenon, common noun naming, and memory.Methods: Eighty-eight healthy elderly adults participated in the study. The study used a TOT phenomenon task (celebrity naming test), common noun naming tasks (confrontational naming and generative naming), and subjective and objective memory tasks.Results: First, there were significant correlations among the total score of the confrontation naming test, the performances of generative naming test, and the TOT rate. Second, the voluntary TOT solution rate was not significantly related to performance on the common noun naming test. However, the TOT solution rate after syllable cues was significantly correlated with the performance of the confrontation naming test, the correct response rate after syllabic cues, and the phonemic category of the generative naming test. Third, the performances of subjective and objective memory were significantly correlated with the TOT rate. Fourth, the voluntary TOT solution rate was correlated with the delayed recall of objective memory, while the TOT solution rate after syllable cues was only correlated with subjective memory. Finally, regression analyses showed that confrontation naming, delayed recall, and recognition influenced the TOT rate.Conclusion: The clinical significance of this study is that it examined the relationships among the TOT phenomenon, common noun naming, and memory in healthy elderly adults.
Korean Mothers’ Speech to Young Children with Cochlear Implants in Parent-Child Interaction
Authors: Park Heesun , Lee Youngmee
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Infant-directed speech is the particular form of spontaneous speech observed in interactions between parents and their young children. There are reasons to believe that infant-directed speech may help to make language acquisition easier for young children. Thus, this study investigates the effects of cochlear implantation on mothers’ speech to their young children.Methods: Fourteen children with cochlear implants (CIs) and 14 agematched children with normal hearing (NH), aged 12 to 35 months, participated in this study. We recorded mothers’ utterances through a parent-child interaction task. Mothers’ speech features such as fundamental frequency, utterance length, speech rate, and pause duration were measured across speech samples.Results: There were no significant differences between the CI and NH groups in fundamental frequency, utterance length, and pause duration variables. However, the speech of mothers in the CI group was significantly slower than that of the NH group.Conclusion: Mothers used typical infant-directed speech styles when speaking to their children with CIs. Additionally, mothers of the CI group tended to speak more slowly than mothers of the NH group in the parent-child interactions. Given that the language skills of children with CIs are significantly lower than those of children with NH in this study, mothers of the CI group may speak to their children at a slower rate than those of the NH group to provide their linguistic input more efficiently. These findings suggest that children with CIs are exposed to infant-directed speech with similar acoustic qualities as children with NH.
The Reliability of the Korean-Automatic Language Analysis System (K-ALAS): A Computerized Language Analysis System for Language Assessment
Authors: Lee YoonKyoung , Kim Yu-Seop , Lim Suah , Oh Byoung-Doo
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Although language sample analysis is essential for language evaluation, it is not widely conducted due to time constraints and difficulties in analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the Korean-Automatic Language System (K-ALAS), which was developed to support language sample analysis.Methods: 50 language samples of young children aged 2 to 6 were analyzed by K-ALAS and a language analysis expert. The percentage agreement of the analysis results between K-ALAS and the expert on Eojeol, words, and morpheme, which are the basic units of language measurement, were calculated, and t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted on the main language measures (MLUe, MLUw, MLUm, NTJ, NTE, NDJ, NDE, NTW, NDW, TTR) measured by K-ALAS and the expert.Results: The percentage agreement of the eogeol, word, and morpheme analysis between K-ALAS and the expert, was found to be very high at 97.87-99.88%, and the t-test results showed that there was no significant difference between all language measures measured by K-ALAS and the expert, and the result of correlation analysis was also very high with r = .972-1.000.Conclusion: This study confirmed that K-ALAS analyze language samples and measures the main language measures very accurately. We discussed the implications of clinical use of K-ALAS in relation to language diagnosis and intervention.
The Relationship of Text Inference Abilities and Reading Comprehension in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lim Jimin , Cheon Ji Hye , Kim Young Tae
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Reading comprehension in school-age children is an essential ability facilitates acquisition of information from general education. Yet, even with average or above cognitive and word recognition abilities, children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (HF-ASD) demonstrate difficulties with reading comprehension. The purpose of the this study was to investigate that identifying the reading comprehension competence with a focus on text inference abilities (coherence processing, metalinguistic, theory of mind) in children with HF-ASD in the lower grades of elementary school.Methods: 15 HF-ASD and 15 age matched typically developing peers (TD) participated in this study. The participants performed reading comprehension tasks and text inferencing tasks (coherence processing, metalinguistic, theory of mind).Results: First, the reading comprehension accuracy of the HF-ASD group was significantly lower than the TD group. Second, the text inference accuracy of the HF-ASD group was significantly lower compared with the TD group. Third, in the TD group, there was a significant correlation between all text inference abilities (coherence processing, metalinguistic, theory of mind) and reading comprehension competence. In contrast, in the HF-ASD group, there was a positive correlation between coherence processing, metalinguistic and reading comprehension competence; however no significant relationship was found between theory of mind and reading comprehension competence. Finally, the coherence processing task predicted reading comprehension competence of children with HF-ASD by 52.2% and TD children by 42.1%.Conclusion: This study suggests that supporting connecting information within a text, local inferencing, and focusing on the coherence processing intervention is necessary for reading comprehension of children with HF-ASD in the lower grades of elementary school.
In an EFL Environment: Characteristics of Speech Sound Disorders in Children’s English Articulation
Authors: Kim Ji-Yeong , Ha Ji-Wan
Published: January 2024

Objectives: In an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) environment like Korea, individuals learn English through education, and learning a foreign language is naturally influenced by the language system of the mother tongue. This study aimed to investigate the English speech characteristics and patterns of native language transfer in children with speech sound disorders (SSD).Methods: 20 Korean children aged 4-6 years participated in this study. The study divided participants into SSD and normal speech acquisition (NSA) groups, each comprising 10 children. Participants completed English word repetition task using the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP). Additionally, the SSD group was assessed using the Urimal Test of Articulation & Phonology (U-TAP) to compare differences in speech production based on language types. In both groups, the overall consonant accuracy, error types an error patterns in English were analyzed. English error types were categorized as substitution, vowel addition, consonant addition, vowel deletion, consonant deletion, inter-language distortion and intra-language distortion. Error patterns were further divided into developmental and non-developmental error patterns.Results: The SSD group demonstrated lower consonant accuracy compared to the NSA group in English articulation. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in vowel deletion rates and minor variations in consonant addition patterns. Error pattern analysis revealed that both groups exhibited a high proportion of stopping and final consonant deletion.Conclusion: This study directly confirmed the transfer of native language deficits in children with SSD to their English articulation and indirectly suggested that underlying deficits might impact English speech production.
Energy-based treatments: a promising alternative to surgical intervention
Authors: Ramadan Francesca
Published: January 2024

Introduction

An increasing number of patients are seeking out non-invasive modalities to address their concerns around fat reduction and body contouring. However, with so many options available, it can be difficult for a practitioner to choose the most appropriate modality for their patient. Here, Francesca Ramadan reviews the mechanisms, benefits and limitations of the most common energy-based treatments, empowering aesthetic practitioners to provide more effective and personalised solutions for their patients.
Effect of population structure on the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle: a simulation study
Authors: Kim Bomin , Ekanayake Waruni , Shin Jeongwoen , Kim Yoonsik , Lee Dooho , Kim Yeongkuk , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: January 2024

Improvement of quantitative traits in livestock is an essential goal of animal breeding. For the achievement of this goal, an accurate breeding value estimation is needed. The genetic relationship between reference and test groups is a key factor in determining the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) thus, the structure of the reference population is crucial for efficient genomic selection. By the number of sharing parents, the population structure can be divided into half-sibling and full-sibling families. Also, the population structure of Hanwoo cattle primarily consists of half-sibling families because of the production system. Therefore, comparing half-sibling and full-sibling families is challenging in the Hanwoo cattle population, yet an important issue in the direction of breeding strategy in Korea. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of GEBV between different family structures and investigate efficient family size in the reference population using simulated data. 6 different populations were simulated using QMSim software, and the individuals in the last generations were separated into reference and test groups. The GEBV was calculated using BLUPF90 software. Practical accuracy was between 0.36-0.52 in half-sibling families and 0.55-0.77 in full-sibling families. The increase rate of accuracy was highest at the sibling size of 20, with practical accuracy of 0.52 in half-sibling families and 0.77 in full-sibling families. As a result, the most efficient population structure for genomic prediction was a sibling size of 20 in a full-sibling family.
Transforming Philippine agriculture through Agriculture 4.0
Authors: Cordero Julie Anne G. , Park Tusan
Published: January 2024

Agriculture 4.0 has paved the way for Philippine agriculture through the One Department of Agriculture (One DA) Agenda. The government is slowly paving its way to Agriculture 4.0 through the support of collaborating countries and agencies. The increasing digital integration and advanced technologies emphasizing precision farming have contributed to the industry's growth. The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors contributed 8.9% to the Philippines' GDP (PSA, 2022). Agriculture 4.0 also contributed to the increase in farm mechanization level of the country to 2.679 horsepower per hectare (hp/ha) from 2.31 hp/ha in 2013 (Bagoso, 2023). The government has recently developed a more straightforward approach to farming problems, such as monitoring farm activity through drones, remote sensing, and satellite technologies. The farmers can now access real-time updates on infrastructure and machinery projects from proposal to turning-over through ABEMIS. Using remote sensing and data analytics has become a game changer in agriculture, especially in weather prediction, forecast of future yields, disaster assessment and access to insurance schemes are available with PRiSM and RIICE projects. Drone use in different applications was strengthened through policies set by the DA. The continuous research for development and technology transfer with local government units through province-led agriculture and fisheries extension systems helps the government promote digital transformation in agriculture. Indeed, Agriculture 4.0 is the future of global agriculture and the engine of agriculture modernization in the Philippines.