bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesiones bucales, factores de riesgo de cáncer bucal y autopercepción de irritación mecánica crónica en una campaña de prevención en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Werner Laura Cecilia , Piemonte Eduardo David
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: i) Describir las características poblacionales, la frecuencia de patologías de mucosa bucal y de factores de riesgo asociados al cáncer bucal en una Campaña de Prevención y Diagnóstico Precoz de Cáncer Bucal (CPDPCB) en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires; ii) establecer concordancia entre diagnóstico clínico profesional de irritación mecánica crónica (IMC) y autopercepción de trauma.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se utilizaron encuestas de 640 pacientes que participaron en las CPDPCB del Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Alemán entre los años 2016, 2017 y 2018.
Se describen las variables demográficas, clínicas y cognitivas, y se analizan empleando chi cuadrado para variables cualitativas y ANOVA para variables cuantitativas comparando los años de campaña. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia entre el diagnóstico clínico profesional de IMC y el trauma autopercibido mediante test Kappa, sensibilidad y especificidad.
Resultados: Los sujetos participantes fueron predominantemente mayores de edad, con bajo consumo de tabaco y alcohol. El porcentaje de pacientes con desórdenes potencialmente malignos y cáncer bucal fue de 17,2%. La cartelería del hospital y la radio fueron las principales vías de información a los pacientes. El trauma autopercibido no presentó concordancia con el diagnóstico clínico profesional de IMC, y mostró sensibilidad de 0,41 y especificidad de 0,72.
Conclusiones: El nivel de participación de los grupos de mayor riesgo de CBCE en la CPDPCB es bajo, y el perfil epidemiológico de los participantes no coincide generalmente con el perfil de los pacientes con CBCE. La autopercepción de trauma no sería una herramienta confiable para el diagnóstico de IMC.
Retratamiento y reparación de una perforación radicular. Informe clínico, radiográfico e histológico
Authors: Zmener Osvaldo , Cecilia Boetto Ana
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Describir los aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos del retratamiento realizado en un segundo molar superior en el que se había producido previamente una perforación radicular durante el tratamiento original.
Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino de 50 años concurrió a la consulta para realizar un retratamiento endodóntico en un segundo molar superior derecho. El examen radiográfico reveló la presencia de un tratamiento incompleto, un área radiolúcida periapical y una perforación radicular producida por un poste roscado insertado fuera del espacio del conducto mesio vestibular. Una vez retirado el poste, se selló la perforación con Biodentine y se realizó el retratamiento. Luego de dos años, el paciente regresó a la consulta con dolor a la masticación, localizado en el área correspondiente al segundo molar superior derecho previamente tratado. Durante el examen clínico y radiográfico se detectó la presencia de una fractura vertical en la raíz palatina. A causa del severo compromiso radicular el molar fue extraído y derivado para su análisis histológico.
El informe del laboratorio reveló que la perforación había sido reparada por medio de la aposición de un nuevo tejido calcificado y que el remanente periodontal adherido a la raíz se encontraba dentro de los límites normales. El presente caso clínico resalta la importancia que tiene el conocimiento cabal de la anatomía del sistema de conductos radiculares con el objeto de evitar errores de procedimiento que puedan influir negativamente en el pronóstico del tratamiento.
Investigation of the Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Cyprinus carpio Using the Micronucleus Analysis and the Comet Assay
Authors: TURAN Funda , ERGENLER Ayşegül
Published: May 2022

Pesticides are considered to be one of the biggest economic and ecological problems in the aquatic ecosystem. Monitoring for toxic effects and screening for different insecticides is vital and crucial for reducing adverse effects on aquatic organisms and public health. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine genotoxic effect of acetamipridine in a model fish species, Cyprinus carpio, using the micronucleus test and Comet assay. Common carp (average weight of 1.35 ±0.11g) were exposed to three different concentrations of acetamipridine (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L) based on previously detected aquatic environmental concentrations, constituting an acute test for a week. At the end of study, the Damage frequency (%), Arbitrary unit and Genetic damage index (%) were evaluated in gill and liver cells of carp by Comet assay. Also, micronucleus frequencies and erythrocyte abnormalities were determined in erythrocytes cells of carp by micronucleus test. Our results revealed significant increases in the frequencies of micronuclei and DNA strand breaks in C. carpio, following exposure to acetamipridine and thus demonstrated the genotoxic potential of this pesticide on fish. Our findings also indicated the suitability of the fish micronucleus test and comet assay in assessment of aquatic genotoxicity of insecticides.
Development and Validation of an Achievement Test in Biology
Authors: ÇAKIR Hakkı , GÖRGÜLÜ ARI Asli
Published: May 2022

In this research, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable test consisting of multiple choice questions in order to measure the conceptual understanding of the "cell" unit, which is one of the biology course topics. Planning, item writing, item analysis and item selection were followed in the development of the achievement test. Within the scope of the biology course, an item pool of 29 questions covering the cell topic was created. With the expert opinions, the content validity of the questions was ensured and the questions were corrected. Item analyzes were made with the pilot application of the draft form. As a result of item analysis, the number of questions was reduced to 22. After the item analyzes carried out, the “Cell Achievement Test”, consisting of a total of 22 questions for the "cell" unit, took its final form. While the average item difficulty of the test was calculated as 0.55, the average item discrimination was calculated as 0.44. Moreover, the test was applied to a different group of 123 undergraduate students for reliability analysis, and the KR-20 reliability coefficient was calculated as 0.89. As a result of the findings, a valid and reliable "Cell Achievement Test" was obtained.
IMPACT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Gole Dinesh , Thagunna Karan
Published: May 2022

Credit risk management has become an engaging topic for the financial institutes in Nepal. The turmoil in the financial industry emphasizes the importance of effective risk management procedures. The objective of this research study was to identify the credit risk management indicators and their associations with the financial performance of Nepalese commercial banks. According to the findings, the capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan ratio, and liquidity ratio all have a detrimental impact on bank performance, according to the findings. On the other hand, LLP did not appear to be a significant factor in determining the bank’s performance. As a result, it is advised that to enhance financial performance and minimize the risk of non-performing loans in the future, banks must watch very carefully the loans’ performance and analyze thoroughly the clients’ credit history and ability to pay back their debts prior to any approval of loan applications.
CELEBRTITY ENDORSEMENT AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Authors: Panta Subani , Nyaupane Ram
Published: May 2022

The celebrity endorsement has been put into the practice for representation of services rather than performing and delivering their genuine job as performers like in any stream such as showbiz, athletics. Regardless of the expenditure and the threats drawn by means of this method of promotion and marketing, it has been in use somehow comprehensively in this age. Based on review of literature, this study brings insights provided by various similar research projects which serve as a base for conducting this study further assisting in achieving the goal and objectives. Quantitative research technique was used to conduct this study so as to know whether or not does celebrity endorsement influence the consumer buying behavior as per their age, gender, income, education, etc. This study also includes the findings extracted from collecting the data which have been further summarized in the conclusion. Finally, implementation of celebrity endorsement has now become an omnipresent component of advertising and communication in an organization. Nepalese people are now more conscious about the things they purchase and tend to look after the products endorsed by a celebrity and consider it to be a reliable brand. The marketers and the advertising company see this as an opportunity and invest upon celebrities so as to build and establish their image as one of the strongest and most leading brands in the market, increase revenue and market share
EFFECT OF WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN NEPALESE COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Poudel Pratistha , Bhatta Manoj
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the effect of workplace environment on the employees’ performance in the Nepalese commercial banks. The study is based on descriptive and causal comparative research design. It estimated the relationship between physical environment, supervisor support, job aid and work life conflict and employees’ performance and employees’ commitment. Regarding workplace environment and employee performance 176 structured questionnaires were administered to collect the data from respondents that consisted of employees of the commercial banks within Kathmandu valley. The study has brought positive finding regarding relationship between the workplace environment and employee performance in case of the Nepalese Commercial Banks, though certain practices are yet to be improved as indicated from poor performance of the bank in solving the work life conflict and their employee performance in Nepalese Commercial Banks.
INVESTIGATION OF CONSUMERS' INTENTIONS TO USE DIGITAL CURRENCY FOR SHOPPING
Authors: ÇELİK Zübeyir , DÜLEK Bulut
Published: May 2022

This study aims to examine the intentions of consumers to use digital currency for shopping. For this aim, data were collected from 230 people using the online survey method. Statistical analyzes were performed for the analysis of the hypotheses. According to the one-sample t-test result; digital currency has a significant positive effect on consumers' intention to use digital currency for shopping. According to the independent samples t-test results; there is a significant difference in the intention to use digital currency between genders. Male are more intent on making purchases using digital currency. However, according to the results of ANOVA; there is no significant difference in the intention to use digital currency between generations. According to the results of simple linear regression analysis, perceived innovativeness, enjoyment, ease of use, usefulness, speed of access, and trust have a significant positive effect on the intention to use digital currency. Perceived risk has a significant negative effect on the intention to use digital currency. However, the effect of perceived financial cost on the intention to use a digital currency is not significant. Recommendations are provided at the end of the study.
VADELİ VE SPOT PİYASALAR ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BORSA İSTANBUL ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: KILIÇ Ethem
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı vadeli ve spot piyasaları arasındaki getiri ve volatilite etkileşimi belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda BIST 30 vadeli işlem sözleşmeleri endeksi ile spot piyasalarında işlem gören BIST 30 Vadeli, BIST 100, BIST 30, BIST Banka, BIST Hizmet, BIST Turizm ve BIST Sanayi Endekslerinin 29.06.2012 – 28.07.2021 dönemine ait günlük verileri kullanılmıştır. Vadeli ve spot piyasaları arasındaki getiri ve volatilite etkileşimi VAR-EGARCH modelinin yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda BIST Banka, BIST Hizmet, BIST 100, BIST Sanayiye ile BIST 30 Vadeli tek yönlü getiri etkileşimi gerçekleşmektedir. BIST 100, BIST 30, BIST Banka, BIST Turizm, BIST Sanayi ile BIST 30 Vadeli doğru tek yönlü volatilite yayılımı mevcuttur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sadece BIST Hizmet ile BIST 30 Vadeli arasında çift yönlü volatilite yayılımı bulunmaktadır.
ERKEN ULUSLARARASILAŞMA OLGUSUNA İLİŞKİN KAVRAMSAL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: SARIKAYA Onur
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken uluslararasılaşma kavramının neyi ifade ettiği, hangi unsurlarla ilişkili olduğu ve araştırmacılar tarafından nasıl ele alındığı gibi konularda genel bir çerçeve oluşturacak kavramsal bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, yabancı literatür odaklı bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnceleme sonuçları, erken uluslararasılaşma kavramının yönetici/kurucuya yönelik özellikler, ağlar, kültürel etkiler, devlet politikaları, firma büyüklüğü, teknoloji/ar-ge yoğunluğu, işin niş konumlandırılması, kaynakların esnekliği ve takas edilebilirliği gibi birçok kavramla birlikte ele alındığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yapılan incelemelere göre erken uluslararasılaşma olgusu firmalara ilişkin birçok unsuru olumlu etkileyebilmekte ve firmalar için çoğu zaman olumlu sonuçlar verebilmektedir. Son yıllarda çok sayıda girişimci firmanın sınırlılıklarına rağmen erken uluslararasılaştıkları görülmekte, bu durum ise ilgili kavramın incelenmesini önemini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmayla, özellikle yerli literatürde göz ardı edilmiş bu önemli kavrama ilişkin anlayışın geliştirilebileceği ve yeni araştırmalar için katkı sağlanabileceği öngörülmektedir.
SOSYAL BİLİMLERİN KAVŞAĞINDA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI SİYASET
Authors: AYDIN Barış
Published: May 2022

Adından da anlaşılacağı gibi Karşılaştırmalı Siyaset Disiplini (KSD), çerçevesi katı biçimde çizilmiş bir sosyal bilim disiplini olmaktan çok birçok sosyal bilim sahasından istifade edip bütün bu disiplinleri müşterek bir arayüzde konuşturma çabasının ürünüdür. Bu niteliği nedeniyle KSD’nin, üniter bir katılık göstermekten ziyade, ekonomi, kültür, bilim ve siyaset gibi temel iştigal sahalarının mecz edildiği disiplinlerarası bir anlayışın temsilcisi olması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Öte yandan mukayese düzeylerinin farklılığının kimi metodolojik sorunlara yol açması, KSD’yi salt betimsel bir siyasal ilişkiler envanteri çıkarmaktan ibaret sayan kendinden menkul bir tarafsızlık tehlikesiyle de baş başa bırakmıştır. Bütün bunlara rağmen KSD, bu dar çerçeveye hapsolmamış, doğası gereği sahip olduğu disiplinlerarası anlayışın peşinde çok taraflı bir analiz ve yorumlama yaklaşımı oluşturmayı başarmıştır. Bu çalışma da dünyadaki tüm toplumsal yapı ve kurumları, makro ve mikro düzeyde mukayeseli bir biçimde inceleyerek bunların sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel ve tarihsel düzeydeki fark ve ortaklıklarını ortaya koymaya çalışan KSD literatürünün eleştirel bir değerlendirmesini yapmak amacındadır. Bu amaçla literatürün önde gelen çalışmalarından istifade edilmiş ve bu çalışmalar mukayeseli ve eleştirel bir incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur.
RETURN AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS BETWEEN BİST100 AND EQUITY MARKETS OF COUNTRIES HAVING HIGH FOREIGN TRADE VOLUME
Authors: GÜRSOY Samet
Published: May 2022

Over the past ten years, Turkey has actualized most intensive foreign trade with Germany, the UK, Russia and China. This study is also wonder that whether the same financial relations perform among the Turkey and trade partners in the equity markets. Therefore, five equity markets was determined for each country consist of the BIST100, FTSE100, DAX, RTS and SSEC as representative of the Capital markets. In this study, the VAR-EGARCH model was used that allow to examine interrelations among equity markets in terms of mutual returns and volatility spillover and in directions of asimetric spillover. The model was run by using daily closing price of the equity markets covered period of January 2, 2009 and December 29, 2017 thats not to coincided with the 2008 financial Crisis. According the results of the study, It was seen that only two countries; Germany and the UK, make a return spillovers to Turkey`s equity market already actualized most intensive export volume.
MIST EKONOMİLERİNDE YURTİÇİ TASARRUFLAR ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AYRAN CİHAN Kezban , AYLA Dilara
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma, MIST (Meksika, Endonezya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye) ülkelerinin 1990-2019 dönemine ait yıllık verileri kapsamında reel GSYH, sabit sermaye, hükümete ait nihai tüketim harcamaları, enflasyon oranı ve cari işlemler dengesi oluşumlarının yurtiçi tasarruflar üzerindeki etkisinin dengeli panel veri yöntemi ile analiz edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Analizde kullanılan panel birimlerinin yatay kesit bağımlılığına ilişkin durumları Pesaran (2015) CD testi yardımıyla araştırılmış ve serilerin zayıf birimlerarası korelasyonlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle analiz değişkenlerinin durağanlık analizi için 1. Nesil panel birim kök testlerinden olan Levin vd. (2002) (LLC) testinden yararlanılmış ve tasarruf, GSYH, enflasyon ve cari denge serilerinin I(0); kamu harcamaları serisinin ise I(I) düzeyinde durağan olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu kapsamda oluşturulan model için uygulanan sabit etkili panel regresyon analizi Driscoll & Kraay (1998) tahmincisi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, yurtiçi tasarrufların GSYH içindeki payının ekonomik büyüme, sabit sermaye oluşumları ve cari işlemler dengesinden pozitif; enflasyon ve hükümet harcamalarından ise negatif yönde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, tasarruflar üzerinde en fazla etkisi olan değişkenin cari işlemler dengesi, en az etki düzeyine sahip değişkenin ise büyüme olması dikkat çekmektedir. Bu sonuç, yurtiçi tasarrufların ülkelerin dış ekonomik dengeye ilişkin istikrar performansı ile yakından ilgili olduğunun bir göstergesidir. Nitekim cari işlemler dengesi iyileşmeleri ülkelerin iç ekonomik denge dinamiklerini de olumlu yönde etkileyerek tasarruf artışına katkıda bulunabilecektir. Bununla birlikte ekonomik büyümenin tasarruflar üzerindeki etkisinin düşük düzeyde olması dış dengeye yönelik politikalara öncelik verilmesi gerektiği yönünde değerlendirilebilecektir.
A Case of Retroperitoneal Abscess with Spinal Destruction and Thoraco-Abdominal Wall Extension
Authors: Shen-Chau Huang Shen-Chau Huang , Shen-Chau Huang Yi-Lun Tsai
Published: May 2022

A retroperitoneal abscess is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose and treat because of its insidious onset and non-specific clinical manifestations. A retroperitoneal abscess may have various causes, such as diverticulitis, perforated cancer, spinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, pyelonephritis, peptic ulcer disease, pancreatitis,retroperitoneal appendicitis, trauma and post-instrumentation. We report a case of retroperitoneal abscess related to colonic rupture with spinal destruction and thoracoabdominal wall extension.

 
解析素養導向評量
Authors: 林海清 林海清
Published: May 2022

評量是學習表現的檢核，也是教學翻轉的關鍵。面對後疫情社會，培養新一代的人才是教育的重點使命。而核心素養的三大主軸：「自主行動」、「溝通互動」、「社會參與」，需要透過教育現場的持續自動研究發展，始能精進。據此，本書分成三部分。第一部分內容包括引導團隊反思遠距學習經驗、思考哪些要素適用於混成學習，以及介紹綜整性的專業發展計畫所涵蓋的重要元素，協助教師準備好在課堂上使用教學科技。第二部分將專業發展要素應用在教師需要支持的三個重要領域：有效的教學實踐、形成性評量與資料分析、運用教學科技進行精實學習的教室環境與文化。第三部分結合在第一部分與第二部分討論過的專業發展主題，發展完整的訓練與實踐課程，並讓教師團隊一起共學。期能建構一個跨越線性思維的動態模式，加強素養導向政策與實踐的對話，同時結合政府與民間、大學與中小學的力量，協力同行，共同推動素養導向教育政策。

在為學生創造精彩的學習經驗之餘，我們期許經由交流與分享產生實踐策略，提供更多將核心素養理念具體落實到素養命題設計發展的案例，作為中小學教師認識十二年國教課程教學翻轉與評量設計之參考。

主編簡介
林海清

現職：
 中臺科技大學文教事業經營研究所講座教授
 中華教育創新發展學會理事長
 臺中市教育文教基金會董事長

學歷：國立政治大學教育學博士

專長：教育行政、組識學習、人力資源、知識管理

經歷：
 中臺科技大學所長、學務長、副校長
 台灣教育政策與行政評鑑學會理事長
 台灣社會發展研究學會理事長
 中華民國學校建築研究學會理事長
The "European Refugee Crisis" as the Crisis of Liberal Tolerance: Three Modalities of Liberal Exclusion
Authors: Sözer Hande
Published: May 2022

This article examines European residential responses to migrations after 2015. The literature meticulously analyzes their historically-contextually changing variances and inner diversities while imposing a binary view: the anti-immigration response is the negation, and the solidarity response is the affirmation of liberal tolerance. Contrarily, I argue that both responses utilize the liberal tolerance idea and its operational principles. First, they border the European Self and the migrant Other; re-border “the intolerable” and “the tolerable” migrant; and then exclude the former while only partially including the latter. Refugees’ inclusion and exclusion are seen either as a zero-sum (i.e., they are either included or excluded) or a dialectical state (i.e., the inclusion of some means the exclusion of others), but I claim that even the most inclusive responses are excluding the very subjects they claim to include. Inclusion is partial, while exclusion is constant. Thus, I discuss the migrants’ permanent yet differential exclusions in three modalities of liberal tolerance: Liberal intolerance, differentiating tolerance, and indifferent tolerance.
Analysis of the Short-Term and Long-Term Impacts of the Coronavirus Crisis on International Climate Policy
Authors: İlkılıç Zehra Aşkınsena , Knoll Manuel Andreas
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has caused far-reaching precautionary measures around the world. Governments’ attempts to get the coronavirus under control have led to the negligence of other important policy areas. Climate policy in particular has been significantly influenced and lost importance on the political agendas of states after the outbreak. Over time, the coronavirus will either disappear or lose its initial impact due to medical measures. Two years after the outbreak of the coronavirus, this paper aims to analyse and evaluate the short-term and long-term impacts of the coronavirus crisis on international climate policy. It is important to analyse how it has shaped international climate policy and what lessons can be learned for dealing with climate change. The analysis is based on the principles and regular functioning of the International Climate Change Regime.
Beden, Abjeksiyon ve Patriarkal Tahakküm
Authors: Kancı Tuba , Tarcan Umutcan
Published: May 2022

Julia Kristeva’nın psikanalitik kuramında abjeksiyon, yalnızca bedenin bilinç ve bilinçdışı ile etkileşimlerini ortaya koymak ile kalmaz; aynı zamanda beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümü de ifşa eder. Kristeva, abjeksiyonu fenomenolojik bir süje olarak kullanır ve onun deneyimler üzerindeki etkilerini post-feminist bir perspektiften inceler. Ona göre patriarkal tahakküm altında beliren deneyimler, tıpkı bedenin “atıkları” gibi maddi varoluş içerisinde sönümlenen, bayağı ve ötekileştirilmiş devinimlerdir. Bu çalışmada Julia Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramından yararlanılarak bedenin pre-modern ve modern düşünce tarihi içerisindeki ikincil konumuna eleştiri getirilmesi ve beden imgelemi üzerindeki patriarkal tahakkümün yapıbozumuna uğratılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için çalışmanın ilk bölümünde bedenin Antikiteden modern sosyal kurama kadarki yolculuğu kronolojik bir perspektiften ele alınmış ve Immanuel Kant, Emile Durkheim gibi düşünürlere odaklanılarak tartışılmış; ikinci bölümünde psikanalistler Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler ve Jacques Lacan’ın öğretilerindeki beden ve psikoz ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Kristeva’nın abjeksiyon kuramı açıklanmış, abjeksiyonun patriarkal inşası incelenmiştir. Çalışma ile bedeni patriarkal abjeksiyon içerisinden kurtarmanın feminist literatür yönünden geçerliliğini koruyan bir gereklilik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Ruanda da Soykırım Siyaseti, Uzlaşma ve Uzlaşma Yaklaşımları
Authors: Çoban Öztürk Ebru
Published: May 2022

Ruanda’da halkın kitlesel katılımıyla acımasız soykırım eylemleri gerçekleşmiştir. Ülkede şiddet döngüsel olarak devam ettiğinden şiddetin tekrar yaşanmaması için çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma süreçleri gereklidir. Ancak ülkede yürütüldüğü iddia edilen uzlaşma süreci yerini soykırım siyasetine bırakmıştır. Hükümet uluslararası toplumun da desteğiyle iktisadi ve siyasi reformlar yapmış, çatışma çözümü ve uzlaşma yaklaşımlarını da uygulamaya başlamıştır. Fakat uygulanan politikalar, uzlaşmadan uzak, otoriteryen ve soykırımı kendi meşruiyeti için araçsallaştıran bir şekle bürünmüştür. Soykırım hem diğer mağdur grupların dışlanması hem de Tutsi hükümetinin devamlılığını ve baskıcı politikalarını meşrulaştırmak için kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Devlet tekelinde ve katılımın zorunlu olduğu soykırım anma törenleri, sadece Tutsilerin mağdur kabul edildiği seçilmiş mağduriyet temelli bir resmi tarih yazılması, etnik kimliklerin kullanımının yasaklanması, zorunlu eğitim kampları, hafif sayılabilecek suçları dahi soykırım sayan ve adaleti sağlayamayan yerel mahkemelerin varlığı uzlaşma yerine soykırım siyaseti yürütüldüğünü göstermektedir. Hükümet medyayı, siyaseti ve yerel idari birimleri kontrol altına alarak, ülkedeki yaygın idari gözetim mekanizmasının yardımıyla kendi iktidarını meşrulaştırma aracı olarak soykırımı kullanır hale gelmiş, uzlaşma politikaları hakiki anlamda uzlaşmayı engeller bir şekle bürünmüştür. Çalışmada, Ruanda’da soykırım siyasetinin nasıl yürütüldüğü, bu siyasetin toplumsal uzlaşmadaki ve şiddet döngüsünü engellemedeki olumsuz rolü aktarılacaktır.
21. Yüzyıl Bölge Çalışmaları: Üç Yaklaşım
Authors: Göçer Derya
Published: May 2022

Bölge çalışmaları 21. yüzyılda derin dönüşümler geçirmektedir. Bunların bir kısmı sosyal bilim disiplinlerindeki dönüşüme paralel gerçekleşmiş ve bu dönüşümlerde tek/çok kutupluluk, küreselleşme ve göç gibi dönemin başlıklarının etkisi görülmüştür. Bu dönüşümün arkasında alana yönelik sancılı bir eleştiri ve özeleştiri süreci vardır. Diğer yandan bölge çalışmaları alanına özgü yeni kuramsal ve yöntemsel eğilimler de ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada bölge çalışmalarının küresel olarak geldiği yeni yer haritalandırılacak ayrıca yeni kuramsal ve yöntemsel eğilimler sunulacaktır. Bölge çalışmalarının 21. yüzyılda; ana akım bölge çalışmaları, karşılaştırmalı bölge çalışmaları ve eleştirel bölge çalışmaları olarak üç farklı eksende nasıl geliştiği, bu eksenlerin alanın geleneksel sorunlarına getirdiği çözümleri ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerini aktarılacaktır. Bu farklı eğilimlerin evrensel ve tikel; kuram ve ampirik veri gibi temel gerilimleri nasıl çözdüğüne, hangi bilgi kategorilerinde üretim yaptıklarına bakacak ve bölge çalışmalarının temel nesnesi olan “bölge”yi ontolojik açıdan nasıl kavramsallaştırdıklarını ele alacaktır.
Hegemonya ve Yaptırım: Soğuk Savaş Dönemi'nde ABD Hegemonyası ile ABD'nin Ekonomik Yaptırımları Arasındaki Anlamlı İlişki
Authors: Sağıroğlu Akın
Published: May 2022

Ekonomik yaptırımlar, devletler tarafından zorlayıcı bir dış politika aracı olarak tercih edilmektedir. Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ekonomik yaptırımları sıklıkla kullanmıştır. Bununla birlikte ABD’nin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlar diğer devletlerin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlardan nitelik ve nicelik bakımından ayrışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, “Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde, ABD hegemonyası ile ABD’nin uyguladığı ekonomik yaptırımlar arasında anlamlı farklılaşma var mı?” sorusuna odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada, ABD hegemonyası ile ekonomik yaptırımlar arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişkinin analizi için kategorik değişkenler oluşturulmuştur. Bu kategorik değişkenler doğrultusunda ABD’nin Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde (1945-1990) hedef ülkelere uyguladığı 230 ekonomik yaptırıma çapraz tablo ve ki-kare bağımsızlık testi analizi uygulanmıştır. ABD’nin hegemonya dönemleri ile ekonomik yaptırımların dış politika amaçları, yaptırımların niteliği ve hedef bölgeler arasında istatistiki açıdan anlamlı ilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca yaptırımların niteliği ile hedef bölge ve hedef ülke ölçekleri arasında da istatistiki açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Sistemik ve İç Faktörler Işığında Değişen Türk Dış Politikası: Venezuela Örneği
Authors: Abiç Ferda , Baysal Başar
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışma, Türk Dış Politikası’nda dönüşüm bağlamında Türkiye-Venezuela ilişkilerinin gelişimini Neoklasik Realist kuram ile açıklamayı hedeflemiştir. Türkiye’nin Venezuela politikası, ABD’nin Venezuela’ya yaptırımlar uyguladığı bir dönemde gerçekleşmesi sebebiyle diğer dış politika adımlarından ayrışmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Soğuk Savaş sonrası sistem içindeki stratejik çevrenin izin verici karakteri ve Türkiye’nin artan göreli gücü, Türkiye'nin ABD’ye rağmen siyaset izlemesinin önünü açan temel sistemik faktörler olarak ele alınmıştır. İç faktörler bağlamında, 2002 yılından sonra Türkiye iç siyasetindeki değişimler, Türk toplumunda uzun yıllardır süregelen ABD karşıtlığı, ABD ve Türkiye’nin Suriye krizindeki çelişen politikaları ile ABD’nin 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe girişimi sonrası politikasının Türkiye’deki lider ve toplum algısına etkisi irdelenmiştir. Son olarak, Türkiye-Venezuela ilişkileri özelinde 2016 yılındaki sıçramayı açıklamak adına, iki ülkede de yaşanan darbe/yönetim değiştirme girişimlerinin getirdiği empati ile demokratik gerileme süreçlerinin yarattığı yakınlaşma üzerinde durulmuştur.
Rezension von: Franz Höring, Mergentheim und seine Heilquellen
Authors: Bauer Hermann , Höring Franz
Published: May 2022

Franz Höring: Mergentheim und seine Heilquellen, Mergentheim: Thomm, 1849.
Determinants Impacting Resale Premium Disparity When Selling a Small Business: A Predictive Non-Linear Approach
Authors:   Palm Beach Atlantic University, Hayes John , Smith David , Copeland Mary Kay
Published: May 2022

Small and entrepreneurial business activity worldwide continues to have a positive influence on economic growth and development. While there has been a plethora of studies on small business development, enhancement, and drivers for success, minimal research examines small business resales. Specifically, studies regarding the exit of small business owners through the selling of their business is sparse. More notable, no previous literature can be found concerning variables that optimize or impact the value of a small business resale. The purpose of this study is to identify variables that may have a positive influence on small business resale prices. Through non-linear analysis, the research identifies which variables most accurately predict an above average small business resale price. A dataset that examines 2,159 small business firms sold over a 10-year period is utilized to derive the study conclusions. Findings confirm that franchise firms receive a higher resale premium when compared with non-franchise firms. The analysis also supports that firms with greater than 25 years in business and that are engaged in Food/Restaurant (non-grocery) businesses receive a higher resale premium, as compared to any other firms in their respective categories.
Existence Results for Anti-periodic of a Generalized Fractional Derivative Differential Equations
Authors: MAAZOUZ Kadda , VİVEK Dvivek , ELSAYED Elsayed
Published: May 2022

We study in the present work the existence of solutions to antiperiodic boundary value problem for differential equations involving generalized fractional derivative via fixed point methods.
Հակամարտության ու հաշտարարության մշակույթը «Սասնա ծռեր» հերոսավեպում
Authors:   ՀՀ ԳԱԱ հնագիտության և ազգագրության ինստիտուտ, Հայրապետյան Թամար
Published: May 2022

«Սասնա ծռեր» հերոսավեպը բավական մանրամասն ուսումնասիրվել է բանագիտության և առասպելաբանության դիտանկյունից: Էպոսի չորս ճյուղերի սերնդակցությամբ կապված վիպական հերոսներին կոնֆլիկտային իրավիճակներում դիտարկելը (երկվորյակներ, ծնողներ և զավակներ ընդհանրական հակամարտություն, յուրային-օտար էթնիկ տարբերակվածություն՝ կրոնական հատկանիշի ընդգծմամբ, հակառակորդի կողմից կանխամտածված սերնդագործություն, ագրեսիա՝ տեսակի, կենսական տարածքի ու ռեսուրսների, սննդային ստրատեգիաների նկատմամբ և այլն) հնարավորություն է ընձեռում բացահայտել հերոսների՝ հակամարտությունից դուրս գալու և հաշտեցման հնարավոր եզրեր գտնելու կամ չգտնելու՝ իրավիճակային, ռազմավարական ու մշակութային գործոնները:
Evolution and Development of Industrial Jurisprudence in India
Authors: Dr. Harishchandra Ram
Published: May 2022

Industrial jurisprudence is an ideology to study the perspective and perception of those legislators who give the shape to be a labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It is correctly said by Mahatma Ganghi that industry is the joint venture of workmen and employers. In the Hospital Mazdoor Sabha1 case the triple test theory introduced and it was reiterated and set up in the case of Banglore Water Supply2. In both cases the cooperation of workmen is made essential part to be any industry. The industrial jurisprudence provides the thinking to make the labour laws accordingly. When the laissez faire theory wiped out and placed the welfare state, workers has become the integral part of any industry. With this view the state made the labour legislation for governing the relation of workmen and employers. It has been felt by most of the country of world that there must be apply tripartism; it means state will interfere with the labour regulations to settle the both relations. For this purpose state made the various laws, which are existed. In June 1998the International Conference proposed the fundamental labour policy for the World. Certain points of hose policy are existed in Indian labour jurisprudence. First, freedom of association, second, right to collective bargaining, third, elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour, fourth abolition of child labour and fifth, elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Industrial jurisprudence is more dynamic for industrial governance. With this ideology, the State utilizes the modus operandi accordance with the need of regulation for harmonious relation between employers and employees. When the Constitution of India commenced the concept of social justice gave the pace to the welfare labour legislation. The outcome of concept, the social assurance and social assistance are also prevalent with the ideology of social justice. It is the spirit of the Constitution. Now, it is being expected that there will be dynamic change in industrial jurisprudence by introducing the new economic policy for the upliftment of industry as well as labours. It not need to be panic the new exit policy will destroy the fundamental rights of the workers.
ENDOPHYTIC MICROORGANISMS INCREASING WHEAT RESISTANCE TO DROUGHT
Authors: ОЛЕЙНИКОВА Е.А. , ЕРМЕКБАЙ Ж.Н. , КЕРДЯШКИН А.В. , АЛЫБАЕВА А.Ж. , АМАНГЕЛДІ А.А. , ЧИЖАЕВА А.В. , САУБЕНОВА М.Г. , КЕРДЯШКИНА Г.В. , ЕЛУБАЕВА М.Е.
Published: May 2022

Регулярная повторяемость и усиление засух вызывают серьезную озабоченность населения в Республике Казахстан и во всем мире. Оптимальной мерой предотвращения гибели сельскохозяйственных растений наряду с агротехническими мерами и селекцией засухоустойчивых сортов является использование препаратов на основе эндофитных микроорганизмов, обеспечивающих неспецифическую устойчивость растений. В данном исследовании был составлен перечень растений, произрастающих в черте города, характеризующихся высокой степенью засухоустойчивости. Из повсеместно представленного в засушливых местах обитания горца птичьего выделены эндофитные микроорганизмы. Вегетационные опыты показали повышение выживаемости пшеницы при имитации засухи в 2,5 раз у растений, обработанных эндофитами Polygonum aviculare с желтой и оранжевой окраской колоний. Указанные изоляты могут быть использованы в дальнейшей разработке микробных препаратов для повышения устойчивости растений к засухе.

The regular recurrence and intensification of droughts are a serious concern for the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan and around the world. The optimal measure to prevent the death of agricultural plants, along with agricultural practices and selection of drought-resistant varieties, is the use of preparations based on endophytic microorganisms that provide nonspecific plant resistance. In this study, a list of plants growing within the city and characterized by a high degree of drought resistance was compiled. Endophytic microorganisms have been isolated from the common knotgrass, which is ubiquitous in arid habitats. Vegetation experiments showed a 2.5-fold increase in the survival of wheat during drought simulation in plants treated with Polygonum aviculare endophytes with yellow and orange colonies. These isolates can be used in the further development of microbial preparations to increase plant resistance to drought.
Pharmacological applications of diacerein
Authors: Roy Tathagata , Chowdhury Rishta Roy , Chakraborty Payel , Dey Subhendu , Chatterjee Tapan Kumar
Published: May 2022

IL-1β is one of the important IL-1 superfamily cytokines that shows crucial role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders like osteoarthritis, epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis and type II diabetes. Dugs with IL-1βinhibitory effect can show promising results in these types of inflammatory disorders. Diacerein and its active metabolite rhein prevent the generation of active IL-1 and are consequently used to treat inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis, and Type II diabetes.
To compare the hemodynamic changes produced by the drug after the usage of Midazolam as an adjunct to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block
Authors: Shukla Seema , Sharma Sandeep
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, in brachial plexus block produces highly efficient intraoperative anesthesia and also analgesia. This study was carried out to observe the effect of the addition of midazolam to local anesthetic in brachial plexus block in the intraoperative and post-operative period. Objective: To compare intraoperative and post-operative Hemodynamic changes (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate) with bupivacaine alone and bupivacaine-midazolam combination. Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 ASA-I or II adult patients undergoing upper limb surgeries (scheduled for forearm and hand surgery) under axillary brachial plexus block. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 35 each. Patients in group A were administered 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and those in group B were given 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with midazolam 50 µg·kg–1. Results: The mean (±SD) age of patients in Group A and B were 37.97± 13.73 years and 39.28± 14.19 years respectively. Hemodynamic variables (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate) were recorded and compared using the student’s test (paired for intragroup and unpaired for intergroup comparison) and Chi-Square test. P-value <0.05 was taken to be statistically significant and <0.001 highly significant.
study to assess the prevalence of Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2) infections in pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Ganga Ranganath T
Published: May 2022

Aim: Assess the prevalence of Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2) infections in pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: There were a total of one hundred pregnant women that participated in this research. 5 ml blood samples were obtained using vein puncture and placed in a sterile plain tube. These samples were then allowed to clot for 30 minutes before being centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes. Each of the resulting serums was placed in a fresh vial, given a label, and kept at a temperature of -20 degrees Celsius until it was time for the ELISA analysis. In order to determine whether or not the serum included HSV-2 IgG antibodies, an HSV-2 specific IgG ELISA test kit was used. Results: In this research, 100 pregnant women were recruited. HSV-2 infection was found in 40% of people. The largest infected group was pregnant women under the age of 25, with 57.14 percent infected, and the lowest in older age groups. Housewives had the greatest prevalence (71.79 percent), followed by private workers (32%), while government employees had the lowest seroprevalence (8.33 percent). The relationship between viral infection and employment was statistically significant (p≤ 0.05).
Lip L protein antibodies
Authors: Dey Soma , Kaur Jasbinder , Kaur Jagdeep , Saini Varinder , Jaswal Shivani , Gupta Seema , Kaur Jashandeep
Published: May 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is as yet quite possibly the most over the top dreadful sickness, primarily in Southeast Asia, with the highest incidence in five countries i.e. India, Indonesia followed by China, Philippines, and Pakistan (in that order). In order to combat the rising tuberculosis (TB) load, new diagnostic tests are urgently needed. Because immunoassays are fast, quite simple, and cheap and may suggest the prospect of identifying cases overlooked by routine sputum smear microscopy, an efficient in vitro diagnostic test of tuberculosis based on serological approaches would be considered as an appealing advancement. Lipolytic enzymes, like lipases and esterases, are more important for mycobacterial survival. Lipolytic enzymes, including as lipases and phospholipases, have been found to help M. tuberculosis access host lipids. The main purpose of the current study was to compare the level of antibodies against membrane bound lipolytic enzymes in Tuberculosis patients and control subjects. Methods: To detect serum IgG antibodies against lipolytic enzymes, recombinant proteins were created and employed in an ELISA test. LipL antibody assay were done in serum samples of patients of tuberculosis (PTB, EPTB & MDR TB) and healthy controls.
use of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Proteus mirabilis in treating of induced bacterial burn infections
Authors: Yasr Ahmed Abdalhr , AL-Ramahy Syoof Khowman
Published: May 2022

Burn infections pose a major health challenge due to the emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics, which prompted scientists to find other more effective materials, and that the bio-manufactured silver nanoparticles proved effective against the bacteria that cause infections burns such as (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) This study was conducted to assess the activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by Proteus mirabilis to promote the healing of burns in rats was used 30 animals in the experiment, all suffered burns a diameter of 2.2 cm using caustic electrical and divided into three groups each total of 10 animals first group control without any treatment,  the second group treatment with traditional ointments such as tetracycline, the third group treatment with nanoparticles were evaluated wound healing by measuring the diameter burn in 1, 7 and 14 days with treatment daily, the results of this study showed that the nanoparticles gave better results when compared to the traditional ointment, as well as knowledge effectivel nanoparticles against  types of bacteria that cause infections burns through the diameter measuring inhibition of bacterial growth, and identify minimum  inhibitory concentration for the growth of micro-organisms.
use of silver biosynthesized nanoparticles from bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment of induced bacterial injury infection
Authors: Yousef Muayyad Kahdem , Al-Ramahi Syoof Khoman
Published: May 2022

This research, we discuss how biosynthesis silver nanoparticles and used to treat wounds in the skin and compare them with antibiotics and find out which are more effective for healing. at first, nanosilver is synthesis  from Pseudomonas aeruginosa it is characterized by confirmation test  to proved this material is silver nanoparticles , as well as measuring the susceptibility of the nanomaterial to lysis of red blood cells after that, tests are done for this material in vitro and vivo and that was done by measuring the ability of silver nanoparticles to inhibit the growth of bacteria and comparing it with the inhibition of antibiotics also, the ability of silver nanoparticles to heal was measured on rats at different times and at different doses and compared with the antibiotic.
Study of effect bio synthesized silver nanoparticles from Proteus mirabilis and on anti-oxidant activity
Authors: Yasr Ahmed Abdalhr , AL-Ramahy Syoof Khowman
Published: May 2022

Microbes that cause disease and have developed resistance to pharmacological treatment are becoming an increasingly serious threat to public health. Because of this, the research and development of novel bactericides is a pressing necessity. This work focuses on the production of silver nanoparticles, which were synthesized from Proteus mirabilis and then had their shape and size distribution evaluated by particle size distribution analysis. investigation using an analyzer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Aqueous medium's ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrum. The silver nanoparticles made from Proteus mirabilis showed their antioxidant ability in vitro by scavenging DPPH free radicals. The highest inhibition titer was found in the mixture of DPPH and silver nanoparticles at 512g/ml (70.001%), while the lowest was found at 32mg/ml (59.597 %).
cross-sectional observational Study to assess the factors responsible for resolution of tubercular pleural effusion
Authors: Sadhik V , PraveenKumar K , Bhargava Salil , Tripathi Prem Siddharth , Parmar Sachin
Published: May 2022

Tuberculous pleuritis is the most common form of EPTB and common cause of pleural effusion in India. TPE is more common in young healthy adults, results from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the pleura, characterized by an intense chronic accumulation of fluid and inflammatory cells in pleural space. A total of 200 patients were selected whom are having Lymphocytic Exudative non malignant pleural effusion with ADA >70 or histopathologically diagnosed TB pleural effusionand not on ATT. There is preponderance of male gender among the patients 69.5% were male 30.5% were female. The mean age of participant is 36.96 ±3.01 yearsmost of participant were belong to middle and lower class. Smoking, preexisting diabetes, hypertensionand low BMI affect the resolution. Our study showed that the good economic status, young age, normal BMI help in resolving the pleural effusion.
A cross-sectional study on the impact of dental pain and its relation to quality of life among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment
Authors: Gupta Aashima , Kudyar Nitin , Soni Vikas , Sharma Teekay , Sharma Kavita , Sadhotra Abhishek
Published: May 2022

Background: Patients experience pain during fixed orthodontic operations such as separator implantation, archwire placement and activations, orthopedic force delivery, and bracket debonding. The purpose of this study was to analyze pain and oral health-related quality of life among orthodontic patients. Materials and method: After gaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 157 orthodontic patients at a tertiary care institution from May 2021 to April 2022. The participants were chosen using the convenience sampling approach. The "Oral Health Impact Profile-14" was used to assess oral health-related quality of life and pain experienced during the first month of fixed orthodontic treatment. The IBM SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data and calculate the frequency and proportion. Results: The study participants' mean pain score was 4.95±2.03, and their mean oral health impact was 12.61±7.37. The majority of the participants in the study (86.6%) had experienced moderate pain as a result of orthodontic treatment. Among the reported effects, 139 (88.5%) reported unpleasant hurting in the mouth, and 130 (82.8%) had trouble eating. Changes in taste had the least impact and were only seen in 21%.