bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning predicts postsurgical recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma from digital histopathologic images
Authors: Yamashita Rikiya , Long Jin , Saleem Atif , Rubin Daniel L. , Shen Jeanne
Published: January 2021

Recurrence risk stratification of patients undergoing primary surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an area of active investigation, and several staging systems have been proposed to optimize treatment strategies. However, as many as 70% of patients still experience tumor recurrence at 5 years post-surgery. We developed and validated a deep learning-based system (HCC-SurvNet) that provides risk scores for disease recurrence after primary resection, directly from hematoxylin and eosin-stained digital whole-slide images of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded liver resections. Our model achieved concordance indices of 0.724 and 0.683 on the internal and external test cohorts, respectively, exceeding the performance of the standard Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification system. The model’s risk score stratified patients into low- and high-risk subgroups with statistically significant differences in their survival distributions, and was an independent risk factor for post-surgical recurrence in both test cohorts. Our results suggest that deep learning-based models can provide recurrence risk scores which may augment current patient stratification methods and help refine the clinical management of patients undergoing primary surgical resection for HCC.
Mixture model investigation of the inner–outer asymmetry in visual crowding reveals a heavier weight towards the visual periphery
Authors: Shechter Adi , Yashar Amit
Published: January 2021

Crowding, the failure to identify a peripheral item in clutter, is an essential bottleneck in visual information processing. A hallmark characteristic of crowding is the inner–outer asymmetry in which the outer flanker (more eccentric) produces stronger interference than the inner one (closer to the fovea). We tested the contribution of the inner-outer asymmetry to the pattern of crowding errors in a typical radial crowding display in which both flankers are presented simultaneously on the horizontal meridian. In two experiments, observers were asked to estimate the orientation of a Gabor target. Instead of the target, observers reported the outer flanker much more frequently than the inner one. When the target was the outer Gabor, crowding was reduced. Furthermore, when there were four flankers, two on each side of the target, observers misreported the outer flanker adjacent to the target, not the outermost flanker. Model comparisons suggested that orientation crowding reflects sampling over a weighted sum of the represented features, in which the outer flanker is more heavily weighted compared to the inner one. Our findings reveal a counterintuitive phenomenon: in a radial arrangement of orientation crowding, within a region of selection, the outer item dominates appearance more than the inner one.
A combined convolutional and recurrent neural network for enhanced glaucoma detection
Authors: Gheisari Soheila , Shariflou Sahar , Phu Jack , Kennedy Paul J. , Agar Ashish , Kalloniatis Michael , Golzan S. Mojtaba
Published: January 2021

Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, is a multifaceted disease with several patho-physiological features manifesting in single fundus images (e.g., optic nerve cupping) as well as fundus videos (e.g., vascular pulsatility index). Current convolutional neural networks (CNNs) developed to detect glaucoma are all based on spatial features embedded in an image. We developed a combined CNN and recurrent neural network (RNN) that not only extracts the spatial features in a fundus image but also the temporal features embedded in a fundus video (i.e., sequential images). A total of 1810 fundus images and 295 fundus videos were used to train a CNN and a combined CNN and Long Short-Term Memory RNN. The combined CNN/RNN model reached an average F-measure of 96.2% in separating glaucoma from healthy eyes. In contrast, the base CNN model reached an average F-measure of only 79.2%. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that extracting spatial and temporal features from fundus videos using a combined CNN and RNN, can markedly enhance the accuracy of glaucoma detection.
Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting wires for fusion
Authors: Molodyk A. , Samoilenkov S. , Markelov A. , Degtyarenko P. , Lee S. , Petrykin V. , Gaifullin M. , Mankevich A. , Vavilov A. , Sorbom B. , Cheng J. , Garberg S. , Kesler L. , Hartwig Z. , Gavrilkin S. , Tsvetkov A. , Okada T. , Awaji S. , Abraimov D. , Francis A. , Bradford G. , Larbalestier D. , Senatore C. , Bonura M. , Pantoja A. E. , Wimbush S. C. , Strickland N. M. , Vasiliev A.
Published: January 2021

The fusion power density produced in a tokamak is proportional to its magnetic field strength to the fourth power. Second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wires demonstrate remarkable engineering current density (averaged over the full wire), JE, at very high magnetic fields, driving progress in fusion and other applications. The key challenge for HTS wires has been to offer an acceptable combination of high and consistent superconducting performance in high magnetic fields, high volume supply, and low price. Here we report a very high and reproducible JE in practical HTS wires based on a simple YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconductor formulation with Y2O3 nanoparticles, which have been delivered in just nine months to a commercial fusion customer in the largest-volume order the HTS industry has seen to date. We demonstrate a novel YBCO superconductor formulation without the c-axis correlated nano-columnar defects that are widely believed to be prerequisite for high in-field performance. The simplicity of this new formulation allows robust and scalable manufacturing, providing, for the first time, large volumes of consistently high performance wire, and the economies of scale necessary to lower HTS wire prices to a level acceptable for fusion and ultimately for the widespread commercial adoption of HTS.
Association between triglyceride glucose index and peak growth hormone in children with short stature
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Chu Yuntian , Pan Hui , Zhang Mei , Ban Bo
Published: January 2021

Growth hormone (GH) secretion is related to many factors, such as weight and puberty, and the reproducibility of GH provocation tests is very poor. This study aimed to evaluate whether the triglyceride (TyG) index was associated with peak GH in children with short stature. This study included 1095 children with short stature divided into two groups based on peak GH level in GH provocation tests [GH deficiency (GHD) group = 733 children; non-GHD group = 362 children]. We found that the TyG index was significantly higher in the GHD group than in the non-GHD group (P < 0.001). A nonlinear relationship was detected between the TyG index and peak GH, whose point was 7.8. A significant negative association between the TyG index and peak GH was observed when the TyG index was greater than 7.8 (β − 2.61, 95% CI − 3.98, − 1.24;P < 0.001), whereas, the relationship between the TyG index and peak GH was not significant when the TyG index was lower than 7.8 (β 0.25, 95% CI − 1.68, 2.17;P = 0.799). There is a nonlinear relationship between the TyG index and peak GH, and a higher TyG index is associated with decreased peak GH in children with short stature.
Genetic deletion of Abcc6 disturbs cholesterol homeostasis in mice
Authors: Ibold Bettina , Tiemann Janina , Faust Isabel , Ceglarek Uta , Dittrich Julia , Gorgels Theo G. M. F. , Bergen Arthur A. B. , Vanakker Olivier , Van Gils Matthias , Knabbe Cornelius , Hendig Doris
Published: January 2021

Genetic studies link adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter C6 (ABCC6) mutations to pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE).ABCC6 sequence variations are correlated with altered HDL cholesterol levels and an elevated risk of coronary artery diseases. However, the role of ABCC6 in cholesterol homeostasis is not widely known. Here, we report reduced serum cholesterol and phytosterol levels in Abcc6-deficient mice, indicating an impaired sterol absorption. Ratios of cholesterol precursors to cholesterol were increased, confirmed by upregulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) expression, suggesting activation of cholesterol biosynthesis inAbcc6−/−mice. We found that cholesterol depletion was accompanied by a substantial decrease in HDL cholesterol mediated by lowered ApoA-I and ApoA-II protein levels and not by inhibited lecithin-cholesterol transferase activity. Additionally, higher proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) serum levels inAbcc6−/−mice and PXE patients and elevated ApoB level in knockout mice were observed, suggesting a potentially altered very low-density lipoprotein synthesis. Our results underline the role of Abcc6 in cholesterol homeostasis and indicate impaired cholesterol metabolism as an important pathomechanism involved in PXE manifestation.
Simple design of efficient broadband multifunctional polarization converter for X-band applications
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Thu , Nguyen Thi Minh , Nguyen Hong Quang , Cao Thanh Nghia , Le Dac Tuyen , Bui Xuan Khuyen , Bui Son Tung , Truong Chi Lam , Vu Dinh Lam , Nguyen Thi Quynh Hoa
Published: January 2021

A simple design of a broadband multifunctional polarization converter using an anisotropic metasurface for X-band application is proposed. The proposed polarization converter consists of a periodic array of the two-corner-cut square patch resonators based on the FR-4 substrate that achieves both cross-polarization and linear-to-circular polarization conversions. The simulated results show that the polarization converter displays the linear cross-polarization conversion in the frequency range from 8 to 12 GHz with the polarization conversion efficiency above 90%. The efficiency is kept higher than 80% with wide incident angle up to 45°. Moreover, the proposed design achieves the linear-to-circular polarization conversion at two frequency bands of 7.42–7.6 GHz and 13–13.56 GHz. A prototype of the proposed polarization converter is fabricated and measured, showing a good agreement between the measured and simulated results. The proposed polarization converter exhibits excellent performances such as simple structure, multifunctional property, and large cost-efficient bandwidth and wide incident angle insensitivity in the linear cross polarization conversion, which can be useful for X-band applications. Furthermore, this structure can be extended to design broadband polarization converters in other frequency bands.
Correlation between fundus autofluorescence and visual function in patients with cone-rod dystrophy
Authors: Kanda Satoru , Hara Takumi , Fujino Ryosuke , Azuma Keiko , Soga Hirotsugu , Asaoka Ryo , Obata Ryo , Inoue Tatsuya
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between autofluorescence (AF) signal measured with ultra-wide field imaging and visual functions in patients with cone-rod dystrophy (CORD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CORD patients. We performed the visual field test and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) measurement and visualized retinal structures with optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the same day. Using binarised FAF images, we identified a low FAF area ratio (LFAR: low FAF/30°). Relationships between age and logMAR visual acuity (VA), central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), mean deviation (MD) value, and LFAR were investigated. Thirty-seven eyes of 21 CORD patients (8 men and 13 women) were enrolled. The mean patient age was 49.8 years. LogMAR VA and MD were 0.52 ± 0.47 and − 17.91 ± 10.59 dB, respectively. There was a significant relationship between logMAR VA and MD (p = 0.001). LogMAR VA significantly correlated with CRT (p = 0.006) but not with other parameters. Conversely, univariate analysis suggested a significant relationship between MD and LFAR (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, LFAR was significantly associated with MD (p = 0.002). In conclusion, it is useful to measure the low FAF area in patients with CORD. The AF measurement reflects the visual field deterioration but not VA in CORD.
Serum naturally occurring anti-TDP-43 auto-antibodies are increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Conti Elisa , Sala Gessica , Diamanti Susanna , Casati Marco , Lunetta Christian , Gerardi Francesca , Tarlarini Claudia , Mosca Lorena , Riva Nilo , Falzone Yuri , Filippi Massimo , Appollonio Ildebrando , Ferrarese Carlo , Tremolizzo Lucio
Published: January 2021

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients express significant clinical heterogeneity that often hinders a correct diagnostic definition. Intracellular deposition of TDP-43, a protein involved in RNA metabolism characterizes the pathology. Interestingly, this protein can be detected in serum, wherein cognate naturally-occurring auto-antibodies (anti-TDP-43 NAb) might be also present, albeit they have never been documented before. In this exploratory study, we quantified the levels of both anti-TDP-43 NAb and TDP-43 protein as putative accessible markers for improving the ALS diagnostic process by using ELISA in N = 70 ALS patients (N = 4 carrying TARDBP mutations), N = 40 age-comparable healthy controls (CTRL), N = 20 motor neuron disease mimics (MN-m), N = 20 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and N = 15 frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients. Anti-TDP-43 NAb were found to be significantly increased in ALS patients compared to all the other groups (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the distribution of serum levels of TDP-43 protein was highly variable among the various groups. Levels were increased in ALS patients, albeit the highest values were detected in MN-m patients. NAb and protein serum levels failed to correlate. For the first time, we report that serum anti-TDP-43 NAb are detectable in human serum of both healthy controls and patients affected by a variety of neurodegenerative disorders; furthermore, their levels are increased in ALS patients, representing a potentially interesting trait core marker of this disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact role of the NAb. This information might be extremely useful for paving the way toward targeting TDP-43 by immunotherapy in ALS.
First principle simulation of coated hydroxychloroquine on Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Morad Razieh , Akbari Mahmood , Rezaee Parham , Koochaki Amin , Maaza Malik , Jamshidi Zahra
Published: January 2021

From the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential antiviral properties of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) against SARS-CoV-2 suggested that these drugs could be the appropriate therapeutic candidates. However, their side effects directed clinical tests towards optimizing safe utilization strategies. The noble metal nanoparticles (NP) are promising materials with antiviral and antibacterial properties that can deliver the drug to the target agent, thereby reducing the side effects. In this work, we applied both the quantum mechanical and classical atomistic molecular dynamics approaches to demonstrate the adsorption properties of HCQ/CQ on Ag, Au, AgAu, and Pt nanoparticles. We found the adsorption energies of HCQ/CQ towards nanoparticles have the following trend: PtNP > AuNP > AuAgNP > AgNP. This shows that PtNP has the highest affinity in comparison to the other types of nanoparticles. The (non)perturbative effects of this drug on the plasmonic absorption spectra of AgNP and AuNP with the time-dependent density functional theory. The effect of size and composition of NPs on the coating with HCQ and CQ were obtained to propose the appropriate candidate for drug delivery. This kind of modeling could help experimental groups to find efficient and safe therapies.
Fabrication of copper(II)-coated magnetic core-shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2-2-aminobenzohydrazide and investigation of its catalytic application in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds
Authors: Rajabi-Moghaddam H. , Naimi-Jamal M. R. , Tajbakhsh M.
Published: January 2021

In the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives resulting from the click reaction, in a mild and green environment using the new copper(II)-coated magnetic core–shell nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2 modified by isatoic anhydride. The structure of the catalyst has been determined by XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, VSM, EDS, and FT-IR analyzes. The high efficiency and the ability to be recovered and reused for at least up to 6 consecutive runs are some superior properties of the catalyst.
Developmental stages of peach, plum, and apple fruit influence development and fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Sarker Souvic , Woo Young Ha , Lim Un Taek
Published: January 2021

Host plant attributes are essential factors determining the population dynamics of herbivorous insects. The developmental stage of host plants, in particular, may affect the biology of Grapholita molesta (Busck), a possibility that has rarely been examined. Here we assessed the effect of developmental stage of plum, peach, and apple fruits on the development and fecundity performance of G. molesta, along with an examination of the firmness and sugar content of the fruits. Among the fruits collected earliest (May 31), plum and apple were better food sources for G. molesta compared to peach in terms of development, reproduction, and life table parameters. However, despite the higher sugar content in peach, G. molesta larvae showed a lower rate of fruit penetration in peach, probably due to fruit firmness. In the later-collected fruit (June 25), both peach and apple were better than plum, as peach and apple were softer and had higher sugar content. Nevertheless, the penetration rate of larva was still low in peach probably due to pubescence on the fruit surface. Although the plum fruits in the later collection date were softer with higher sugar content, there was a negative impact on the development and reproduction because fruits started to liquefy earlier. In conclusion, the developmental stage of fruits with changes in fruit firmness or sugar content affected the development and reproduction of G. molesta, and apple would be the best food source.
Investigating the microwave heating behaviour of lunar soil simulant JSC-1A at different input powers
Authors: Lim Sungwoo , Bowen James , Degli-Alessandrini Giulia , Anand Mahesh , Cowley Aidan , Levin Prabhu Vibha
Published: January 2021

For a sustainable human presence on the Moon, it is critical to develop technologies that could utilise the locally available resources (a.k.a. in situ resource utilisation or ISRU) for habitat construction. As the surface soil is one of the most widely available resources at the Moon, we have investigated the viability of microwave heating of a lunar soil simulant (JSC-1A). JSC-1A was thermally treated in a bespoke microwave apparatus using 2.45 GHz frequency, using five different microwave powers in the range of 250 W to 1000 W. The structural properties of the resulting products were analysed to determine whether their microstructures and mechanical strengths differ under different input powers; and whether input power plays a crucial role in triggering thermal runaway, for identifying the optimum power for developing a microwave-heating. Our key findings are: (i) the higher input powers (800 W and 1000 W) generate the highest yields and microstructures with the greatest mechanical strengths, at the shortest fabrication times, and (ii) thermal runaway improves the microwave heating efficiency despite the rapid increase in temperature, once it is triggered. Our findings are of key importance for developing a microwave-heating payload for future lunar ISRU demonstration missions, contributing towards 3D printing-based extra-terrestrial construction processes.
Esophageal metal stent for malignant obstruction after prior radiotherapy
Authors: Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Ishihara Ryu , Yamamoto Sachiko , Matsuura Noriko , Shoji Ayaka , Matsueda Katsunori , Inoue Takahiro , Miyake Muneaki , Waki Kotaro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Kono Mitsuhiro , Nakahira Hiroko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Noriya Uedo
Published: January 2021

The association between severe adverse events (SAEs) and prior radiotherapy or stent type remains controversial. Patients with esophageal or esophagogastric junctional cancer who underwent stent placement (2005–2019) were enrolled in this retrospective study conducted at a tertiary cancer institute in Japan. The exclusion criteria were follow-up period of < 1 month and insufficient data on stent type or cancer characteristics. We used Mann–Whitney’s U test for quantitative data and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. 107 stents were placed. Low radial-force stents (L group) were used in 51 procedures and high radial-force stents (H group) in 56 procedures. SAEs developed after nine procedures, the median interval from stent placement being 6 days (range, 1–141 days). SAEs occurred more frequently in the H (14%: 8/56) than in the L group (2%: 1/51) (P = 0.03). In patients who had undergone prior radiotherapy, SAEs were more frequent in the H (36%: 4/11) than in the L group (0%: 0/13) (P = 0.03). Re-obstruction and migration occurred after 16 and three procedures, respectively; these rates did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.59, P = 1, respectively). Low radial-force stents may reduce the risk of SAEs after esophageal stenting.
Effects of physical exercise on macular vessel density and choroidal thickness in children
Authors: Li Shufeng , Pan Yiguo , Xu Jingjing , Li Xue , Spiegel Daniel P. , Bao Jinhua , Chen Hao
Published: January 2021

We used swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) to investigate the effects of moderate physical exercise on retinal and choroidal vessel densities (VDs) and thicknesses in children. One eye in each of 40 myopic children (mean age, 11.70 years) and 18 emmetropic children (mean age, 11.06 years) were included. SS-OCT 6 × 6-mm radial scans and SS-OCTA 3 × 3-mm images were centered on the macula. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded before and immediately after a 20-min stationary cycling exercise and after a 30-min rest. The subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal thickness (CT), and VD at the superficial and deep retinal layers, choriocapillaris, and deeper choroidal vessels were determined. SFCT and CT were significantly lower at all locations immediately after exercise (p < 0.001) and did not fully recover after rest (p < 0.05). VD was lower in the deep retinal layer after exercise (p = 0.02) and higher in the superficial layer after rest (p = 0.03) in myopic eyes while it was higher in the superficial (p < 0.01) and deep layer (p < 0.01) after rest in emmetropic eyes. No significant exercise-related changes in the superficial retinal VD, choroidal VD, or IOP were observed. ΔCT% and ΔSFCT% were significantly correlated with increases in HR in myopic group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Exercise increased retinal VD after rest in emmetropic eyes, and caused significant CT thinning that lasted for at least 30 min in both emmetropic and myopic eyes.
Sustainability in Ru- and Pd-based catalytic systems using N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands
Authors: Nahra Fady , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: January 2021

This review is a critical presentation of catalysts based on palladium and ruthenium bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that have enabled a more sustainable approach to catalysis and to catalyst uses.
Carbon dots derived from kanamycin sulfate with antibacterial activity and selectivity for Cr6+ detection
Authors: Luo Qian , Qin Kunhao , Liu Fei , Zheng Xiaodan , Ding Yafang , Zhang Chunting , Xu Meiying , Liu Xin , Wei Yunlin
Published: January 2021

Schematic of the synthetic route for fluorescent CDs-Kan and the applications in the Antibacterial, bioimaging and detection of Cr6+.
An electrochemical sensor based on an anti-fouling membrane for the determination of histamine in fish samples
Authors: Liu Juan , Cao Yuhua
Published: January 2021

The electrode fouling during HA electrochemical determination was resolved for the first time, and successive determination of HA was accomplished.
The hierarchical assembly of a multi-level DNA ring-based nanostructure in a precise order and its application for screening tumor cells
Authors: Wu Jing-Ting , Liu Ran , Chen Yan-Ru , Zheng Xiao-Qi , Wu Zai-Sheng
Published: January 2021

A simple and efficient method for the hierarchical assembly of the three-level DNA ring-based nanostructure (DNA h-Nanoring) in a precise order.
In vivobehavior of bioactive glass-based composites in animal models for bone regeneration
Authors: Liang Wenqing , Wu Xudong , Dong Yongqiang , Shao Ruyi , Chen Xuerong , Zhou Ping , Xu Fangming
Published: January 2021

This review presents the recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of bioactive glass-based composite biomaterials intended for bone regeneration.
Light-driven hydrogen production with CdSe quantum dots and a cobalt glutathione catalyst
Authors: Burke Rebeckah , Chakraborty Saikat , McClelland Kevin P. , Jelušić Jana , Matson Ellen M. , Bren Kara L. , Krauss Todd D.
Published: January 2021

A robust photocatalytic system with CdSe QDs and a molecular cobalt catalyst produces H2 with high efficiency and activity.
Aluminium nanorings: configuration deformation and structural transformation
Authors: Geng Lin , Li Qiao-Hong , Wang San-Tai , Liu Ya-Jie , Fang Wei-Hui , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2021

Present herein is the first time that a fatty acid is employed in the assembly of aluminium wheels. Interestingly, a structural transformation between the diol modified and monohydric alcohol is discovered.
Chemical conversion synthesis of magnetic Fe1−xCox alloy nanosheets with controlled composition
Authors: Pan Desheng , Xiao Bin , Wang Qing , Wang Hong
Published: January 2021

2D single-crystal FeCo alloys with controlled composition are developed by a trioctylphosphine-driven chemical conversion strategy.
Hydrogen sulfide triggered molecular agent for imaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Ge Chao , Di Xiaojiao , Han Siqi , Wang Mengmeng , Qian Xiaoting , Su Zhi , Liu Hong-Ke , Qian Yong
Published: January 2021

We developed an activatable molecular agent, PNF, triggered by intracellular H2S in the lysosome to release the therapeutic drug amonafide, which can escape from the lysosome into the nucleus to induce autophagy of cancer cells.
Chiral approach to investigate mechanism of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Hayashi Kikuya , Matsumoto Arimasa , Hirata Shuzo
Published: January 2021

Cancellation of the Cotton effect depending on vibrations of a chiral orthogonal donor–acceptor structure identifies a mechanism of highly efficient delayed fluorescence.
Catalytic route electrochemiluminescence microscopy of cell membranes with nitrogen-doped carbon dots as nano-coreactants
Authors: Ma Cheng , Wang Min-Xuan , Wei Hui-Fang , Wu Shaojun , Zhang Jian-Rong , Zhu Jun-Jie , Chen Zixuan
Published: January 2021

Catalytic route electrochemiluminescence microscopy enables us to image upper cell membranes with a vertical resolution mode by using nitrogen-doped carbon dots as nano-coreactants and labels.
Lean-electrolyte lithium–sulfur electrochemical cells with high-loading carbon nanotube/nanofiber–polysulfide cathodes
Authors: Yen Yin-Ju , Chung Sheng-Heng
Published: January 2021

A carbon-nanotube/nanofiber–polysulfide cathode achieves long-term cycle stability and explores the failure mechanism of a lithium–sulfur cell with high sulfur loading/content at a lean electrolyte condition.
Enhanced selectivity and stability towards CO2 reduction of sub-5 nm Au NPs derived from supramolecular assembly
Authors: Song Xianmeng , Cao Minna , Chen Ruru , Wang Huimin , Li Hongfang , Cao Rong
Published: January 2021

Au nanoparticles protected by macrocyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) are obtained from supramolecular self-assembly. Attributed to the unique features of CB[n], CB[n]-Au catalysts present excellent catalytic performance for CO2 electroreduction to CO.
Unveiling the crystallographic origin of mechanochemically induced monoclinic to triclinic phase transformation in WO3
Authors: Bandi Suresh , Srivastav Ajeet K.
Published: January 2021

This study reports the anomalously stabilized low-temperature triclinic phase (δ-WO3) during high energy ball milling (HEBM) of the monoclinic γ-WO3 phase.
A novel approach to improve the oil miscibility and incorporate multifunctionality in ionic liquids as lubricant additives
Authors: Pandey Priya , Somers Anthony E. , Hait Samik K. , Forsyth Maria , Ramakumar S. S. V.
Published: January 2021

Recently ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising tribological properties as additives in base oils; however their lack of miscibility is a problem, with very few ILs being compatible with lubricant oil formulation (non-polar base oils).
A first-principles study of the stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of halide double perovskite Rb2Sn1−xTexI6 for solar cell applications
Authors: Faizan Muhammad , Xie Jiahao , Murtaza Ghulam , Echeverría-Arrondo Carlos , Alshahrani Thamraa , Bhamu Kailash Chandra , Laref Amel , Mora-Seró Iván , Haidar Khan Shah
Published: January 2021

Substitutional alloying can enhance the stability and improve the optoelectronic properties of vacancy-ordered double perovskite A2BX6 for potential photovoltaic application.
Theoretical evidence of the spin–valley coupling and valley polarization in two-dimensional MoSi2X4 (X = N, P, and As)
Authors: Ai Haoqiang , Liu Di , Geng Jiazhong , Wang Shuangpeng , Lo Kin Ho , Pan Hui
Published: January 2021

Predicted spin–valley coupling and valley polarization in two-dimensional MoSi2X4 (X = N, P, and As).
Syngas molecules as probes for defects in 2D hexagonal boron nitride: their adsorption and vibrations
Authors: Jiang Tao , Le Duy , Rawal Takat B. , Rahman Talat S.
Published: January 2021

Through insights from first-principles calculations, we predict defect-laden h-BN, particularly with N vacancy, to have good propensity toward CO and CO2 hydrogenation. Vibrational frequencies of CO and CO2 are proposed as identifiers of defect type.
Two-photon small-molecule fluorescence-based agents for sensing, imaging, and therapy within biological systems
Authors: Wu Luling , Liu Jihong , Li Ping , Tang Bo , James Tony D.
Published: January 2021

In this tutorial review, we will explore recent advances for the design, construction and application of two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)-based small-molecule probes.
Porphyrin-based frameworks for oxygen electrocatalysis and catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Liang Zuozhong , Wang Hong-Yan , Zheng Haoquan , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui
Published: January 2021

The recent progress made on porphyrin-based frameworks and their applications in energy-related conversion technologies (e.g., ORR, OER and CO2RR) and storage technologies (e.g., Zn–air batteries).
Ar plasma-assisted P-doped Ni3S2 with S vacancies for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Yang Yaqian , Mao Han , Ning Rui , Zhao Xu , Zheng Xiaohang , Sui Jiehe , Cai Wei
Published: January 2021

Doping engineering is considered an effective way to improve the electrocatalytic water splitting performance of catalysts.
Characterizing the solid hydrolysis product, UF4(H2O)2.5, generated from neat water reactions with UF4 at room temperature
Authors: Christian Jonathan H. , Klug Christopher A. , DeVore Michael , Villa-Aleman Eliel , Foley Bryan J. , Groden Nicholas , Baldwin A. Taylor , Wellons Matthew S.
Published: January 2021

Anhydrous UF4 stirred in water for 1–6 days forms UF4(H2O)2.5 and a minor amount of uranyl fluoride. This hydrolysis results in morphological and spectroscopic changes.
Remarkable thermal stability of light-induced Ru–ON linkage isomers in mixed salts of a ruthenium amine complex with a trans-ON–Ru–F coordinate
Authors: Mikhailov Artem A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Pishchur Denis P. , Kostin Gennadiy A.
Published: January 2021

The novel complexes with trans-ON–Ru–F coordinate exhibit the highest thermal stability of Ru–ON photoinduced isomers.
Solar fuels and feedstocks: the quest for renewable black gold
Authors: Sayre Hannah J. , Tian Lei , Son Minjung , Hart Stephanie M. , Liu Xiao , Arias-Rotondo Daniela M. , Rand Barry P. , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S. , Scholes Gregory D.
Published: January 2021

Photocatalysis is capable of C–C, C–O, and C–N bond transformations and has the potential to drive light-activated feedstock chemical production.
Atomically dispersed nonmagnetic electron traps improve oxygen reduction activity of perovskite oxides
Authors: Zhuang Zechao , Li Yong , Li Yihang , Huang Jiazhao , Wei Bin , Sun Rong , Ren Yujing , Ding Jie , Zhu Jiexin , Lang Zhiquan , Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , He Chuanxin , Wang Yu , Wang Zhongchang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: January 2021

Nonmagnetic hexavalent molybdenum atomically dispersed within oxide lattice steers the intrinsic oxygen reduction activity of catalytically active sites, and excludes the occurrence of lattice symmetry breaking and magnetic perturbation.
Using highly time-resolved online mass spectrometry to examine biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to organic aerosol in Beijing
Authors: Mehra Archit , Canagaratna Manjula , Bannan Thomas J. , Worrall Stephen D. , Bacak Asan , Priestley Michael , Liu Dantong , Zhao Jian , Xu Weiqi , Sun Yele , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Squires Freya A. , Lee James , Bryant Daniel J. , Hopkins James R. , Elzein Atallah , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Cheng Xi , Chen Qi , Wang Yuwei , Wang Lin , Stark Harald , Krechmer Jordan E. , Brean James , Slater Eloise , Whalley Lisa , Heard Dwayne , Ouyang Bin , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Wang Xinming , Fu Pingqing , Jayne John , Worsnop Douglas , Allan James , Percival Carl , Coe Hugh
Published: January 2021

We study the anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to organic aerosol.
A new 3D Ag(i)-based high-energy metal organic frameworks (HE-MOFs): synthesis, crystal structure and explosive performance
Authors: Zhu Jiaping , Xu Jielai , Yao Chaojian , Zhan Tong , Liu Weibing , Tan Hua
Published: January 2021

A new 3D HE-MOF, [Ag2(TABT)(NO3)2]n, where TABT represents 4,4′,5,5′-tetraamine-3,3′-bis-1,2,4-triazole, was synthesized by hydrothermal method, exhibiting high density, good thermostability, insensitivity and relative high detonation performance.
Catalyst-free and additive-free reactions enabling C–C bond formation: a journey towards a sustainable future
Authors: Baruah Biswajita , Deb Mohit L.
Published: January 2021

Construction of C–C bonds in the absence of a catalyst and an additive by means of various name reactions including C–H functionalizations, coupling reactions and UV-visible-light-driven reactions is discussed here.
Cholesteryl glucosides signal through the carbohydrate recognition domain of the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle)
Authors: Timmer Mattie S. M. , Teunissen Thomas J. , Kodar Kristel , Foster Amy J. , Yamasaki Sho , Stocker Bridget L.
Published: January 2021

H. pylori derived cholesteryl glycosides signal through the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) of the Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle).
One-step synthesis of well-dispersed polypyrrole copolymers under gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Gu Yu , Qiao Yuqing , Meng Yusen , Yu Ming , Zhang Bowu , Li Jingye
Published: January 2021

Herein, we report for the first time the synthesis of polypyrrole copolymers with good solvent-dispersibility under gamma-ray irradiation at room temperature in air.
Necroptosis-inducing iridium(iii) complexes as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases
Authors: Guan Ruilin , Xie Lina , Wang Lili , Zhou Ying , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: January 2021

Mitochondria-targeted Ir(iii) complexes induce necroptosis and downregulate certain cell cycle proteins to achieve cell cycle arrest and an anti-proliferation effect in drug-resistant lung cancer.
Probing the activity of transition metal M and heteroatom N4 co-doped in vacancy fullerene (M–N4–C64, M = Fe, Co, and Ni) towards the oxygen reduction reaction by density functional theory
Authors: Yang Siwei , Zhao Chaoyu , Qu Ruxin , Cheng Yaxuan , Liu Huiling , Huang Xuri
Published: January 2021

In this study, a novel type oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is explored using density functional theory (DFT); the catalyst consists of transition metal M and heteroatom N4 co-doped in vacancy fullerene (M–N4–C64, M = Fe, Co, and Ni).
Fermi level tuning in modified Bi2Te3 system for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Shyni P. , Pradyumnan P. P.
Published: January 2021

The thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 system can be modified by Fermi level tuning using the methods of nanostructuring and doping. Fermi level shift contribute to better thermoelectric performance of the material, leading to two-fold improvement in figure of merit.
Synchronous oxidation and sequestration for As(iii) from aqueous solution by modified CuFe2O4 coupled with peroxymonosulfate: a fast and stable heterogeneous process
Authors: Liu Fu , Wu Jian-Feng , Zhao Guang-Chao
Published: January 2021

Bifunctional heterogeneous catalytic processes for highly efficient removal of arsenic (As(iii)) are receiving increased attention.
Synthesis of new pyridines with sulfonamide moietyviaa cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation mechanism in the presence of a novel quinoline-based dendrimer-like ionic liquid
Authors: Torabi Morteza , Yarie Meysam , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Rouhani Shamila , Azizi Shohreh , Olomola Temitope O. , Maaza Malik , Msagati Titus A. M.
Published: January 2021

In the present study, we reported the synthesis of a novel quinoline-based dendrimer-like ionic liquid and investigated its catalytic performance for the synthesis of new pyridines with sulfonamide moietiesviaa cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation mechanism.
Iodonium salts as efficient iodine(iii)-based noncovalent organocatalysts for Knorr-type reactions
Authors: Yunusova Sevilya N. , Novikov Alexander S. , Soldatova Natalia S. , Vovk Mikhail A. , Bolotin Dmitrii S.
Published: January 2021

The dibenziodolium cation displays high catalytic activity for the Knorr-type reactions via binding with the carbonyl O atom.
Niobium- and zirconium-catalyzed reactions of substituted 2 alkynylamines with Et2Zn
Authors: Kadikova Rita N. , Ramazanov Ilfir R. , Gabdullin Azat M. , Mozgovoj Oleg S. , Dzhemilev Usein M.
Published: January 2021

The NbCl5–EtMgBr-catalyzed reaction of N,N-disubstituted 2-alkynylamines with Et2Zn followed by hydrolysis or deuterolysis affords (2Z)-alkenylamines (reduction products of alkyne) in high yields.
Ligand-based design, molecular dynamics and ADMET studies of suggested SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors
Authors: Mohamed Nada M. , Ali Eslam M. H. , AboulMagd Asmaa M.
Published: January 2021

Compounds I–X were designed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro based on pharmacophore modeling of SARS-CoV Mpro inhibitors. Compounds V and VI showed promising molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation results that surpassed baicalein.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolone derivatives as new anti-cancer agents
Authors: Gusakov Evgeniy A. , Topchu Iuliia A. , Mazitova Aleksandra M. , Dorogan Igor V. , Bulatov Emil R. , Serebriiskii Ilya G. , Abramova Zinaida I. , Tupaeva Inna O. , Demidov Oleg P. , Toan Duong Ngoc , Lam Tran Dai , Bang Duong Nghia , Boumber Yanis A. , Sayapin Yurii A. , Minkin Vladimir I.
Published: January 2021

Tropolones are promising organic compounds that can have important biologic effects.
Engineering entangled photon pairs with metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Fritz Rubén A. , Colón Yamil J. , Herrera Felipe
Published: January 2021

The discovery and design of new materials with competitive optical frequency conversion efficiencies can accelerate the development of scalable photonic quantum technologies.
Soluble, crystalline, and thermally stable alkali CO2− and carbonite (CO22−) clusters supported by cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbenes
Authors: Freeman Lucas A. , Obi Akachukwu D. , Machost Haleigh R. , Molino Andrew , Nichols Asa W. , Dickie Diane A. , Wilson David J. D. , Machan Charles W. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: January 2021

The direct chemical reduction of CAACCO2 adducts by alkali metals to yield multinuclear clusters is reported. The mono- and dianions of CO2 have been studied for decades and are fundamentally important oxycarbanions and critical species in CO2 fixation chemistry.
Ring rotation of ferrocene in interlocked molecules in single crystals
Authors: Wang Chi-Hsien , Chen Kai-Jen , Wu Tsung-Huan , Chang Hung-Kai , Tsuchido Yoshitaka , Sei Yoshihisa , Chen Pei-Lin , Horie Masaki
Published: January 2021

Unique molecular motions, reversible internal rotation of ferrocene and flipping of crown ether are observed in DB30C10 and DB18C6-containing interlocked molecules, respectively.
Correction: Indole-based A–DA′D–A type acceptor-based organic solar cells achieve efficiency over 15% with low energy loss
Authors: Chen Yu , Cao Rui , Liu Hui , Keshtov M. L. , Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Dahiya Hemraj , Zou Yingping , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘Indole-based A–DA′D–A type acceptor-based organic solar cells achieve efficiency over 15% with low energy loss’ by Yu Chen et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2020, 4, 6203–6211, DOI: 10.1039/D0SE01343A.
Quantitative relationship between cholesterol distribution and ordering of lipids in asymmetric lipid bilayers
Authors: Aghaaminiha Mohammadreza , Farnoud Amir M. , Sharma Sumit
Published: January 2021

Cholesterol distribution in asymmetric bilayers is explained by the ordering of lipids.
Memory effects, arches and polar defect ordering at the cross-over from wet to dry active nematics
Authors: Nejad Mehrana R. , Doostmohammadi Amin , Yeomans Julia M.
Published: January 2021

As the friction is increased, memory effects become prominent and +1/2 defects leave persistent trails in the director field.
Preparation, properties, and applications of magnetic hematite microparticles
Authors: Meijer J. M. , Rossi L.
Published: January 2021

Hematite microparticles are becoming increasingly important components in the soft matter field. This review summarizes methods for their preparation, and gives an overview of their physico-chemical properties and current applications.
Interplay between multiple doping elements in high-voltage LiCoO2
Authors: Song Sicheng , Li Yiwei , Yang Kai , Chen Zhefeng , Liu Jiajie , Qi Rui , Li Zhibo , Zuo Changjian , Zhao Wenguang , Yang Ni , Zhang Mingjian , Pan Feng
Published: January 2021

The interplay between multiple doping elements is revealed in high-voltage LiCoO2 for high-energy-density applications, including poly-crystallization, the enrichment of Ni/Ti at the grain boundary, and the induced lattice doping of Ni/Ti by Mg.
Eco-friendly biogenic hydrogel for wearable skin-like iontronics
Authors: Liu Huawen , Xu Donghua , Hu Bin , Jiang Junjie , Li Mengya , Zhao Dan , Zhai Wentao
Published: January 2021

A traditional edible cassava hydrogel was developed to fabricate wearable skin-like iontronics.
Difunctionalized pillar[5]arene-based polymer nanosheets for photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: Li Fei , Zang Mingsong , Liu Shengda , Li Xiumei , Jiang Xiaojia , Tian Ruizhen , Luo Quan , Hou Chunxi , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu
Published: January 2021

Monolayer photodynamic polymer nanosheets were established by covalent co-assembly and employed to combat bacterial infection.
Nanoscale photosensitizer with tumor-selective turn-on fluorescence and activatable photodynamic therapy treatment for COX-2 overexpressed cancer cells
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhang Yuhuan , Han Ying , Zhang Qi , Wen Zhenfu , Li Hongjuan , Sun Shiguo , Chen Xin , Xu Yongqian
Published: January 2021

A single molecule IMC-DAH-SQ can selectively recognize tumor cells with turn-on near infrared (NIR) fluorescence and function as an adaptive photosensitizer with photodynamic therapy activity.
Transition-metal-free decarboxylative thiolation of stable aliphatic carboxylates
Authors: Xing Wei-Long , Liu De-Guang , Fu Ming-Chen
Published: January 2021

A transition-metal-free decarboxylative thiolation protocol is reported in which (hetero)aryl acetates and α-CN substituted acetates undergo smoothly, to deliver a variety of functionalized aryl alkyl sulfides in moderate to excellent yields.
Retraction: Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes
Authors: Fisher Laura
Published: January 2021

Retraction of ‘Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes’ by Bin Zhu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36422–36429, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA02418A.
Impact of bandwidth on antenna‐array noise matching
Authors: Ali Roshaan , Belostotski Leonid , Messier Geoffrey G. , Madanayake Arjuna , Sutinjo Adrian T.
Published: January 2021

This letter expands the treatments of wideband noise analysis of antenna arrays by including bandwidth effects on beam‐equivalent receiver noise temperature, , and the active reflection coefficient, . The particular focus of the letter is on receiver noise decorrelation in wideband systems having noise bandwidth 1 Hz. The new analysis and simulations show increase in and the departure of from that obtained using contemporary analyses for 1 Hz. Although the paper also shows that for many applications over moderate bandwidths and close connection between the receiver and array the influence of on is not significant, the simulations of a 71‐element array demonstrate that the noise decorrelation due to wide can result in tens of percent (as much as 45.5% in simulations described in this letter) increase in above the low‐noise amplifier minimum noise temperature, which should be taken into account at the design stage of ultra‐wide band systems, such as those under investigation by, for example, the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) in its wideband adaptive RF protection (WARP) program and ultra‐sensitive active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars for tracking stealth objects.
An efficient cylindrical coordinate subgrid parabolic equation model for predicting the power distribution and coverage of radar signals in a complex multi‐scale marine environment
Authors: Deng Xiaochuan , Liao C. , Zhang Dongmin , Ju Feng , Shang Yuping , Zhou Haijing
Published: January 2021

An efficient cylindrical coordinate subgrid parabolic equation model is proposed to predict the power distribution and coverage of radar signals in a complex multi‐scale marine environment. The model adopts different grid systems for the multi‐scale marine environment including flat sea surface, islands, ships and other elements, and realizes the transformation between grids through spatial mesh refinement technology. For the prediction of radio wave propagation in a large area complex environment, the model can balance the calculation efficiency and accuracy, thus effectively reducing the memory requirement and CPU computing time. In addition, combined with digital map and radar equation, the power distribution and coverage of radar signal in complex multi‐scale marine environment are calculated. Numerical results verify the correctness and efficiency of the proposed model.