bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltage Control of On-Load Tap Changing Transformer in Distributed Network
Authors: Mishra Menka
Published: July 2021

This paper deals with the basic concept of tap changing of transformer, types of tap changer and various voltage control methods used for On-load tap changing transformer in distribution network. These methods depend upon the series and parallel operation of On Load Tap Changing Transformer. In parallel operation-automatic voltage controller and low drop compensation controller are used. While in series operation grading time and communication based voltage control methods are used.
Distributed Control System Application for Distillation Column
Authors: B Marimuthu , S Nangai Abinaya , S Ramraj
Published: July 2021

The entangled nature of various continuous production processes, such as chemical processing, oil and gas, and water treatment, continue to require the advanced process control capabilities of the Distributed control system (DCS) in order to aggregate and analyse a large amount of data at the same instant of time. This paper aims to enhance the flexibility in controlling and monitoring of distillation column by configuring and developing a HMI using DCS with SCADA. DCS provides high scalability, solutions to complexity, redundancy, high adaptability to frequent process changes, hybridized to incorporate PLCs and PCs to control complex functions and to provide reporting services. Hence the optimized control of distillation column has been achieved via DCS.
Trade-off for Leakage Power Reduction in Deep Sub Micron SRAM Design
Authors: Tripathi Tripti , Chauhan Dr. D. S. , Singh Dr. S. K.
Published: July 2021

Present day electronic industry faces the major problem of standby leakage current, as the processor speed increases, there is requirement of high speed cache memory. SRAM being mainly used for cache memory design, several low power techniques are being used for SRAM cell design. Full CMOS 6T SRAM cell is the most preferred choice for digital circuits. This paper reviews various leakage power techniques used in 6T SRAM cell and their comparative study.
The Two-way Model of Creativity
Authors: Széll Zsófia
Published: July 2021

Creativity is a term that has proven difficult to define. The field of English language teaching (ELT) especially struggles with this concept, often treating it as an axiom that eludes clear definition or a notion that everyone has an implicit understanding of. In other pieces of research, creativity is equated with divergent thinking as evidenced and measured by performance on different standardized creativity tests. In contrast to these views, this paper argues that sound research begins with a clear definition of key terms; as such, there is a need to establish a suitable model of creativity specifically for the field of ELT. After a review of notable existing views and definitions, a new model for creativity in ELT is outlined. The two-way model of creativity proposes that certain conditions enable creativity through specific tasks that allow for creativity to emerge. This will produce creative results that eventually have a reactive effect on the conditions.
Scouts' and educational stakeholders' perceptions of integrating scouting methods into formal education
Authors: Dégi Zsuzsanna , Asztalos Anita
Published: July 2021

Scouting is a non-formal learning environment which implies a form of learning that is “less organised than formal learning, but still consists of planned activities and educational objectives. It is also seen as being more concerned with action, and learning by doing from experience; and more holistic, with a particular focus on developing social and emotional skills” (Bridwell et.al., 2015: 27). The Scouting Method used relies on the concept of experiential learning or learning by doing and combines it with other educational elements such as the symbolic framework, team or patrol system, gamification elements such as the badge system (Christians 2018) and active learning or personal progression so that each young person is “consciously and actively involved in his or her own development” (WOSM 1998: 47). The present paper aims to explore scouts' and educational stakeholders' (teachers and scout teachers) beliefs and opinions regarding scouting methods and the way these methods could be integrated into the formal learning environment. Qualitative and quantitative methods of analyses were used to examine and interpret the results gathered through an online questionnaire. Results show that all respondents have a positive attitude towards scouting and the methods used within their activities and they would encourage others to join the association. Even school subjects have been identified which could serve as bridging points between non-formal and formal educational situations.
Increasing Motivation among Language Learners through Individualized Assessment
Authors: Chalupa Cynthia
Published: July 2021

An extensive body of research has shown that motivation is integral to successful and sustained language learning (Carreira, 2005; Cheng & Dornyei, 2007; Crookes & Schmidt, 1991; Dornyei, 1994; Ehrman, Leaver, & Oxford, 2003; Gardner, 2005; Matsumoto & Obana, 2001; Yang, 2008; Yu & Watkins, 2008). Maintaining student motivation in all aspects of language instruction, particularly assessment, can be challenging for multiple reasons, including learner differences, access to technology, and, most recently, reactions to pandemic learning. Instructors therefore face the challenge of creating assessments that not only evaluate students’ performance but also promote their ability and desire to learn. Based on the results of an action research project, this article highlights the benefits of two types of individualized assessment used to improve students’ motivation while evaluating their performance: work cycle projects and a course portfolio. Using qualitative data collected from student reflective statements, I argue, first, that the ability to choose assessment topics and types motivates students to focus closely on course content and work creatively; these choices ultimately improve their desire to learn course material more than traditional assessment types. Second, encouraging learners to utilize and reflect on their strengths using a portfolio as a form of assessment allows students to understand their strengths and weaknesses and empowers them as learners, thereby improving their motivation.
Bestimmung der Vibrationsdosis mit Hilfssystemen als Alternative zu normgerechten Messsystemen/Determination of the vibration dose with additional instrumentation as an alternative to standardized measuring systems
Authors: Ernst Benjamin , Kaulbars Uwe
Published: July 2021

Die Lärm-Vibrations-Arbeitsschutzverordnung (LärmVibrationsArbSchV) verpflichtet den Arbeitgeber, die auftretenden Expositionen am Arbeitsplatz zum Schutz der Beschäftigten zu ermitteln und zu bewerten. Für Hand-Arm-Vibrationen ist die Ermittlung der Tagesdosis mit normgerechten Messgeräten aufwendig und erfordert Fachwissen der Messperson. Die alternativ zugelassene Bestimmung der Tagesdosis auf der Grundlage einer Schätzung ist insbesondere bei Verwendung verschiedener Arbeitsgeräte aufgrund der Überschätzung der Exposi- tionsdauer ungenau. Als kostengünstige Alternative wurden Hilfssysteme entwickelt, die unmittelbar an der Maschine befestigt werden und durch Messung der Belastungsdauer die aktuelle Vibrationsdosis mithilfe eines fest eingegebenen Wertes für die Vibrationsgröße bestimmen können. Da für diese Hilfssysteme keine Prüfverfahren existieren, hat das Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) die Einsatzmöglichkeiten eines dieser Hilfssysteme untersucht.

 

Summary The LärmVibrationsArbSchV (LärmVibrationsArbSchV) obliges the employer to determine and assess the exposure that occurs at the workplace in order to protect employees. For hand-arm vibrations, determining the daily dose with standardized measuring devices is time-consuming and requires specialist knowledge on the part of the person measuring it. The alternative permitted determination of the daily dose on the basis of an estimate is imprecise, especially when using different tools, due to the overestimation of the exposure time. As a cost-effective alternative, additional vibration instruments have been developed that are attached directly to the machine and can determine the current vibration dose by measuring the exposure time using a fixed value for the vibration magnitude. Since there are no test procedures for these additional vibration instruments, the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) has examined the possible uses of one of these additional vibration instruments.
Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots
Authors: Xu Ke , Xu Shuang , Wei Fanan
Published: July 2021

In recent years, magnetic micro- and nanorobots have been developed and extensively used in many fields. Actuated by magnetic fields, micro- and nanorobots can achieve controllable motion, targeted transportation of cargo, and energy transmission. The proper use of magnetic fields is essential for the further research and development of micro- and nanorobotics. In this article, recent progress in magnetic applications in the field of micro- and nanorobots is reviewed. First, the achievements of manufacturing micro- and nanorobots by incorporating different magnetic nanoparticles, such as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials, are discussed in detail, highlighting the importance of a rational use of magnetic materials. Then the innovative breakthroughs of using different magnetoelectric devices and magnetic drive structures to improve the micro- and nanorobots are reviewed. Finally, based on the biofriendliness and the precise and stable performance of magnetic micro- and nanorobots in microbial environments, some future challenges are outlined, and the prospects of magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots are presented.
Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications
Authors: Brodyagin Nikita , Katkevics Martins , Kotikam Venubabu , Ryan Christopher A , Rozners Eriks
Published: July 2021

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is arguably one of the most successful DNA mimics, despite a most dramatic departure from the native structure of DNA. The present review summarizes 30 years of research on PNA’s chemistry, optimization of structure and function, applications as probes and diagnostics, and attempts to develop new PNA therapeutics. The discussion starts with a brief review of PNA’s binding modes and structural features, followed by the most impactful chemical modifications, PNA enabled assays and diagnostics, and discussion of the current state of development of PNA therapeutics. While many modifications have improved on PNA’s binding affinity and specificity, solubility and other biophysical properties, the original PNA is still most frequently used in diagnostic and other in vitro applications. Development of therapeutics and other in vivo applications of PNA has notably lagged behind and is still limited by insufficient bioavailability and difficulties with tissue specific delivery. Relatively high doses are required to overcome poor cellular uptake and endosomal entrapment, which increases the risk of toxicity. These limitations remain unsolved problems waiting for innovative chemistry and biology to unlock the full potential of PNA in biomedical applications.
NATURAL LAW AND POSITIVE LAW APPROACHES: OVERCOMING THE CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THEM
Authors: Карнаушенко Л.В.
Published: July 2021

Введение: статья ориентирована на осмысление противоречий между теориями позитивного и естественного права и, в частности, на оценку возможности преодоления данных противоречий и объединение элементов естественно-правового и позитивно-правового подходов в рамках одной теоретической модели.
Обзор литературы: использованы работы Т. Куна, И. Лакатоса, С. Тулмина. Также в ходе исследования задействованы теоретические наработки таких авторов, как В.М. Шафиров и А.В. Новиков.
Материалы и методы: в статье применяются общенаучные методы анализа, сравнения, абстрагирования и дедукции. Также в рамках анализа соотношения теорий позитивного и естественного права применяется эволюционистский подход в эпистемологии, получивший развитие в трудах С. Тулмина.
Результаты исследования: анализируется соотношение естественно-правовой и позитивно-право- вой теорий. Обозначается основной вопрос, в разрешении которого проявляется противоречие между ними. Оценивается логический аспект подчинения отдельных элементов естественно-правовой и позитивно-правовой теорий их исходным предпосылкам.
Обсуждение и заключения: доказывается, что отдельные элементы естественно-правового и позитивно-правового подходов могут быть совместно использованы как в рамках научной теории, так и на практике.
THE RATIO OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE FORM AND ELECTRONIC PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS (A CASE STUDY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: Можаева И.П. , Шульгин Е.П.
Published: July 2021

Введение: статья посвящена рассмотрению вопросов, связанных с соотношением уголовно-процессуальной формы и электронного досудебного производства в Республике Казахстан.
Материалы и методы: материальную основу исследования составили уголовно-процессуальное законодательство Республики Татарстан, иные нормативные акты по данному вопросу, а также научные труды. Методологическую основу исследования составил общенаучный диалектический метод познания закономерностей объективных явлений и процессов реальной действительности. В процессе исследования использовалась совокупность общенаучных и частнонаучных методов, таких как сравнение, анализ, синтез, формально-логический метод.
Результаты исследования: проведено исследование, направленное на изучение соотно- шения уголовно-процессуальной формы и электронного досудебного производства в Республике Казахстан; сформулированы выводы, касающиеся соотношения уголовно-процессуальной формы и электронного досудебного производства.
Обсуждение и заключения:в ходе исследования авторы пришли к выводу,что уголовно-процес-суальное законодательство Республики Казахстан определяет три основные формы досудебного расследования: дознание, предварительное следствие и протокольную форму (ч. 1 ст. 189 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Республики Казахстан). Таким образом, введенный электронный формат досудебного расследования может осуществляться только в рамках указанных трех форм и никоим образом не дает основания для его трактовки как новой процессуальной формы.
ADMINISTRATIVE DISCRETION IN THE ACTIVITIES OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES
Authors: Оносов Ю.В.
Published: July 2021

Введение: в статье автор обосновывает постановку вопроса и научную проблематику, обусловленные заявленной темой об административном усмотрении, аргументирует актуальность принятия во внимание отдельных особенностей реализации должностными лицами органов исполнительной власти своих полномочий.
Материалы и методы: при подготовке научной статьи были использованы общенаучные (анализ, синтез, абстрагирование, диалектический метод) и частнонаучные методы познания (правовой анализ, формально-логический метод). Эмпирическую базу исследования составили правоположения нормативных правовых актов и судебной практики.
Результаты исследования: автор рассмотрел вопросы обоснования комплексного подхода к формированию концепции административного усмотрения, учитывающей особенности пределов административного усмотрения в деятельности органов исполнительной власти России. Одним из важных направлений для научного исследования представляются формы соотношения административного и судебного усмотрения в юридической практике.
Обсуждение и заключения: уточняется содержание понятия административного усмотрения, указанное явление рассматривается как процесс и результат; формулируется тезис о взаимосвязи административного и судебного усмотрения; существенных характеристиках данной взаимосвязи. Находят отражение отдельные аспекты проблематики, имеющей отношение к объему понятия и признакам административного усмотрения, рассмотрены отдельные правовые нормы, регулирующие применение дискреционных полномочий органов исполнительной власти.
LOBBYISM AS A BASE FOR CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Рамазанов А.В. , Абдуллина Д.Ф.
Published: July 2021

Введение: статья посвящена исследованию особенностей проявления лоббизма в России. Авторами изучены истоки зарождения института лоббизма и особенности его реализации в российской практике.
Материалы и методы: в качестве основных источников выступили действующее законодательство Российской Федерации, открытые сведения из СМИ. При написании статьи с учетом ее специфики авторами были использованы классические общенаучные методы анализа, синтеза и дедукции, а также метод моделирования.
Результаты исследования: в статье авторами уточнено понятие «лоббизм», выделены формы лоббизма и раскрыт механизм их проявления в российской практике. Для снижения коррупционных рисков разработаны рекомендации по внесению изменений в действующее законодательство, затрагивающее проведение выборных мероприятий.
ENSURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE LANGUAGE OF CRIMINAL COURT PROCEEDINGS BY PERSONS CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION
Authors: Каац М.Э.
Published: July 2021

Введение: несовершенство нормативных основ действующего уголовно-процессуального законодательства, регулирующих отдельные вопросы обеспечения действия принципа языка уголовного судопроизводства, а также практика реализации данного принципа органами предварительного рас- следования свидетельствуют об отсутствии стройной правоприменительной концепции рассматриваемой формы уголовно-процессуальной деятельности и возникающих в связи с этим проблемах законодательного и практического характера. В статье подвергаются анализу отдельные нормативные и правоприменительные вопросы, связанные с особенностями реализации принципа языка уголовного судопроизводства лицами, проводящими расследование по уголовным делам.
Материалы и методы: в ходе написания работы использовались как общенаучные (теоретические), так и специальные (практико-юридические) методы проведения исследования. Материалами исследования являются предписания уголовно-процессуального законодательства, «нормативно-толкова- тельные» позиции, отраженные в решениях Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации; научные публикации, посвященные теме исследования; практика деятельности лиц, осуществляющих предварительное расследование; статистическая информация правоохранительных органов.
Результаты исследования: в статье анализируются отдельные процессуальные аспекты реализа- ции принципа языка уголовного судопроизводства лицами, проводящими расследование, в процессе осуществления своей профессиональной деятельности. Предлагается усовершенствовать процеду- ру привлечения к участию в расследовании уголовных дел переводчиков путем создания единого для всей российской правоохранительной системы института судебного (присяжного) переводчика, а также скоординировать нормы действующего уголовно-процессуального законодательства в иссле- дуемой области.
Обсуждение и заключения: предложено авторское видение вопросов совершенствования уголов- но-процессуального законодательства и правоприменительной практики по обеспечению реализации принципа языка уголовного судопроизводства в процессе производства предварительного расследования по уголовным делам. Сделаны выводы о целесообразности нормативной корректировки ст. 96 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской Федерации (далее – УПК РФ) с указанием в ней обязательного участия переводчика при реализации права на телефонный разговор подозреваемого, не владеющего русским языком. Акцентировано внимание на необходимости ориентации лиц, проводящих расследование, на решения Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации при удовлетворении либо отказе в удовлетворении ходатайств участников уголовного процесса о назначении переводчика. Поддержана идея о формировании в России института судебного (присяжного) переводчика.
GIS MODELING OF WASTE CONTAINERS’ PLACEMENT IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Kuznietsova Anna , Gorkovchuk Julia
Published: July 2021

As a result of this research, a methodical approach to the geoinformational analysis of the waste containers’ placement for the collection of municipal solid waste in urban areas according to current standards and rules for the improvement of settlements was developed. According to the current Rules of maintenance of residential buildings and adjacent territories, waste containers of all types should be installed on a concrete or asphalted site, usually with fencing made of standard reinforced concrete products or other materials with planted shrubs around the site. Moreover, container platforms on wheels should be equipped with a ramp from the roadway and a fence (curb) which is 7–10 cm high, to keep the containers from rolling off to the sides. In the process of determining the optimal locations of waste containers a database of container park was created including the register of containers, the register of platforms, and the register of trash cans was created a list of influencing factors at the data collection stage, was made a proximity analysis and data reclassification to move to a unified scale for calculations of different types and/or heterogeneous source data, and weighted overlay as the main instrument of aggregated analysis. The analysis of the results is based on comparing the location of existing waste container sites with the resulting overlapping areas.
Stellar and Accretion Disk Parameters of the Close Binary HD 50526
Authors: Rosales J. A. , Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Zharikov S. , Araya I. , Celedón L. , Curé M.
Published: July 2021

We present a photometric and spectroscopic study of HD 50526, an ellipsoidal binary member of the group Double Periodic Variable stars. Performing data mining in photometric surveys and conducting new spectroscopic observations with several spectrographs during 2008–2015, we obtained orbital and stellar parameters of the system. The radial velocities were analyzed with the genetic PIKAIA algorithm, whereas Doppler tomography maps for the Hα and Hβ lines were constructed with the Total Variation Minimization code. An optimized simplex algorithm was used to solve the inverse problem adjusting the light curve with the best stellar parameters for the system. We find an orbital period of 6.ͩ701 ± 0.ͩ001 and a long photometric cycle of 191 ± 2 days. We detected the spectral features of the coldest star and modeled it with a

log
g
=
2.79
±
0.02

dex

giant of mass 1.13 ± 0.02 M
⊙ and effective temperature 10500 ± 125 K. In addition, we determine a mass ratio q = 0.206 ± 0.033 and that the hot star is a B-type dwarf of mass 5.48 ± 0.02 M
⊙. The V-band orbital light curve can be modeled including the presence of an accretion disk around the hotter star. This fills the Roche lobe of the hotter star and has a radius 14.74 ± 0.02 R
⊙ and the temperature at the outer edge is 9400 K. Two bright spots located in the disk account for the global morphology of the light curve. The Doppler tomography maps of Hα and Hβ reveal complex structures of mass fluxes in the system.
Pillars of evidence support future heart failure discoveries
Authors: Pfeffer Marc A.
Published: July 2021

Pillars of evidence support future heart failure discoveries
Devenir lanceur d’alerte ?
Authors: Cadiou Stéphane , Desrumaux Clément
Published: July 2021

Cet article se propose de comprendre les conditions de possibilité des pratiques de lutte contre la corruption au sein d’espaces politiques locaux. Les rares dénonciations de pratiques politiques et financières vouées à demeurer discrètes supposent de s’extraire de l’arène politique mais le déplacement de la compétition politique sur le terrain judiciaire et médiatique recèle des coûts politiques. S’ils peuvent figurer comme des « chevaliers blancs » de la vie locale, les dénonciateurs s’exposent au risque de se laisser enfermer dans un registre moral. Ils doivent, de surcroît, articuler des scènes, sans doute complémentaires mais aussi disjointes. L’article revient au final sur les dénonciations des affaires locales de corruption et sur leurs coûts en termes de carrière politique.
Faire rendre des comptes
Authors: Kaciaf Nicolas
Published: July 2021

La presse locale est-elle en capacité de surveiller les élus et rendre compte de leurs éventuels écarts ? À partir d’une monographie consacrée au site Médiacités , journal en ligne d’enquêtes consacrées à quatre métropoles françaises, cet article vise à saisir l’ensemble des conditions qui rendent possibles la publication d’informations potentiellement « dérangeantes » pour les acteurs occupant des positions de pouvoir à l’échelle locale. L’observation de l’édition lilloise de ce pure player permet de comprendre, en creux, pourquoi les médias régionaux dominants s’avèrent si peu incisifs et curieux vis-à-vis des élites politiques locales et de leur rapport à l’argent. Nous identifions l’imbrication de quatre difficultés que les spécificités des échelles territoriales infranationales tendent à exacerber : garantir la viabilité économique du média ; accéder à des informateurs et /ou à des documents divulguant des faits susceptibles de nourrir la réprobation ; bénéficier de rédacteurs disposés à l’enquête et capables de résister aux réactions des personnalités mises en cause ; bénéficier de relais dans l’espace public local pour que les informations puissent enclencher des controverses visibles et durables.
Apprendre le « sens de soi » en petite section de maternelle
Authors: Zotian Elsa
Published: July 2021

Lorsqu’ils entrent en petite section de l’école maternelle, les enfants se trouvent soumis à de nouvelles attentes de la part des professionnelles. Le passage en maternelle constitue, en effet, un moment clé d’entrée dans la collectivité. Or, si les jeunes enfants ont à intégrer le collectif de la classe, il apparaît qu’ils ont également à apprendre un certain « sens de soi ». Ces deux ordres d’attentes sont étroitement liés l’un à l’autre. Pour les enfants, il s’agit d’apprendre à distinguer ce qui relève d’eux-mêmes et des autres, et c’est ainsi qu’on leur apprend progressivement à fonctionner en groupe. Cet article rend compte de ce « sens de soi » tel qu’il est attendu par les professionnelles pour les enfants de petite section à partir de l’analyse de pratiques quotidiennes au sein des classes : se reconnaître dans son prénom et son genre, avoir le sens de la propriété individuelle, acquérir une conception individuelle du travail, respecter l’Autre dans son individualité, ne pas s’oublier dans des relations amoureuses ou amicales, savoir rendre compte de ses émotions en constituent les contours. L’analyse souligne également les effets, dans ces processus, de la montée en puissance des pédagogies alternatives.
Les usages des réseaux sociaux numériques dans le cadre de l’accompagnement socioéducatif
Authors: Sorin François
Published: July 2021

Cet article porte sur les usages numériques dans le cadre de l’accompagnement socioéducatif, sous le double rapport de la médiatisation et de la médiation numérique. En s’appuyant sur une série d’entretiens réalisés en 2018 et 2019 auprès de professionnels de la jeunesse engagés dans le dispositif « Promeneurs du Net » et qui utilisent les réseaux sociaux numériques les plus courants (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, etc.) dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle, cet article présente une typologie des modes de « présence éducative sur Internet » (la présence, l’articulation, la participation) qui coexistent au sein de ce réseau professionnel. L’hétérogénéité des « manières d’être » promeneur du Net et d’exercer avec et sur les réseaux sociaux numériques apparaît comme le résultat de l’appropriation individuelle et collective des dispositifs sociotechniques et de la traduction localisée des intentions socioéducatives contenues dans le dispositif « Promeneurs du Net ».
Energy scattering for the focusing fractional generalized Hartree equation
Authors: Saanouni Tarek
Published: July 2021

This note studies the asymptotics of radial global solutions to the non-linear fractional Schrödinger equation

   \begin{document}$ i\dot u-(-\Delta)^s u+|u|^{p-2}(I_\alpha *|u|^p)u = 0. $\end{document}

Indeed, using a new method due to Dodson-Murphy [10], one proves that, in the inter-critical regime, under the ground state threshold, the radial global solutions scatter in the energy space.
Fourier method for reconstructing elastic body force from the coupled-wave field
Authors: Wang Xianchao , Zhu Jiaqi , Song Minghui , Wu Wei
Published: July 2021

This paper is concerned with the inverse source problem of the time-harmonic elastic waves. A novel non-iterative reconstruction scheme is proposed for determining the elastic body force by using the multi-frequency Fourier expansion. The key ingredient of the approach is to choose appropriate admissible frequencies and establish an relationship between the Fourier coefficients and the coupled-wave field of compressional wave and shear wave. Both theoretical justifications and numerical examples are presented to verify the validity and robustness of the proposed method.
Resistance Phenotypes and Surveillance
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Joshi Jyoti
Published: July 2021

The emergence of drug resistance complicates surveillance and treatment of antimicrobial phenotypes. For example, the rise of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae influence delivery of care. Moreover, a lack of surveillance programs in most of the developing world exacerbates the problem of MDR. Existing studies in humans are mostly retrospective single-center surveillance-based studies that look at the molecular makeup and prevalence of phenotypic resistance for several pathogens. Very few studies examined infection prevention measures or antimicrobial stewardship activities, and of those that did, none of them were multicenter. The aim of this chapter is to explore prevalent phenotypes in clinical settings and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programs throughout the world.
Advances in Clinical Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Authors: Parmar Ankush , Kaur Tanzeer , Sharma Shweta
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) holds a central and deadly platform around the globe, affecting mankind with around one-third of the world being affected by latent TB. TB progresses in the body through inhalation process and has a critical discrimination in terms of affecting individuals depending upon age, sex, socio-economic status, and even the stature of nation (developed or developing). The biggest challenge in TB management is accurate, direct, early diagnosis, and an ability to differentiate the type of mycobacterium. The most common and reliable direct methods include tuberculosis skin test (TST), smear microscopy, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), and immuno-chromatographic-based methods. However, culturing the specimen on a mycobacterium specific media is considered the ‘gold standard' for diagnosis of TB by the WHO. Mycobacterium cultures are used extensively for bacilli differentiation and also for predicting drug susceptibility testing in multi-drug-resistant TB. This chapter discusses the merits and demerits of many approaches to distinguish and identify the type of mycobacterium.
Natural Products in the Fight Against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Güran Mümtaz
Published: July 2021

It is well recognised that the antimicrobial resistance crisis has approached critical levels, and current treatment options are very limited, especially in the treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. Thus, ongoing research is focused on the development of new molecules which have broader antimicrobial activity. However, the advancements in drug development studies using synthetic compounds has led to a lack of success. Also, economic and regulatory issues have formed a challenge as well. Therefore, research has focused again on natural products. A large number of natural products and natural product-derived compounds are still in various stages of clinical development. Here, current research on the potential uses of natural products or their templates as viable sources of new drug candidates have been discussed to construct an understanding towards the goal of development of new antimicrobials to overcome resistant pathogens.
Alternative Therapies
Authors: Gondil Vijay Singh , Chhibber Sanjay
Published: July 2021

Antibiotic resistance is one of the leading public health concerns across the globe. Antibiotics are losing their effectiveness, leading to uncertainty in available treatment options to clinicians. Resistance to antibiotics is at an all-time high, and there is a pressing demand to look for alternative antimicrobial candidates other than antibiotics. Alternative therapies include use of bacteriophages, lytic proteins, nanoparticles, phytochemicals, quorum quenchers, and other antibacterial or antivirulent agents that can eradicate bacterial infection alone or in conjunction with antibiotics. Alternative therapies can replace or lower the effective antibiotic dose, which can help to tackle antibiotic resistance as well as counter its side effects. For sustainable development of antimicrobials against drug resistant bugs, novel alternative strategies need to be explored in the near future. Alternative therapies can help researchers to construct a toolbox containing a variety of antimicrobial agents, which can be used alone, in combination with other agents, or in rotation.
Nanomaterials to Overcome Emergence and Re-Emergence of Superbugs
Authors: Nagpal Manju , Kaur Malkiet , Singh Manjinder , Aggarwal Geeta
Published: July 2021

Antimicrobial resistance remains a substantial global health concern, invigorating the critical need for alternate therapeutic options to combat chronic intracellular infections and biofilms so as to shorten the hospital stays, and hence mortality. Nanomaterials have been developed as delivery carriers for antibiotics to improve their penetration through these biofilms. Nanoformulations of existing antibiotics has led to enhanced bioavailability and site specificity. Moreover, diagnosis of infections using efficient nanosensors or probes may speed up the treatment process at earlier stages of infection.
Black Female Education Leaders and Intersectionality
Authors: Bowen Alyncia M. , Robinson Shaquanah , Lane Jim
Published: July 2021

The pandemic has operated within a cultural movement opposing systemic racism. Redux of Black Lives Matter was spurred by the killings of George Floyd, Ahmad Aubrey, Rashard Brooks, Breonna Taylor, and others, and resulted in prolonged protests throughout the country. This caustic backdrop has created unique challenges for female Black educational leaders. Thus, they are compelled to navigate their already challenging duties among the intersections of leadership, race, gender, power, and social justice. Black female education leaders are challenged to courageously lead during an unprecedented era of disruption.
The Room Is Crooked AF
Authors: Newman Portia
Published: July 2021

Societal perceptions of Black women are challenged by Black women's ability to survive in spaces that have historically been uninviting. Black women's leadership practice has developed in response to their racialized and gendered lived experiences. Through analyzing studies of Black women leaders, research suggests Black women have a strategic set of skills and practices that can be used to advance their leadership positionality. This chapter will describe the ways Black women operate at the intersection of resistance and leadership. Their leadership has become a skill, a practice, and a tool that creates space for themselves.
Black and Brown Women Fostering Authentic Activism in Counseling Programs Amid Social Unrest
Authors: Willis Monique , Jagasia Jotika , Robinson-Perez Ada
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, racial injustice, and civil unrest of 2020 disproportionately impacted Black and Brown communities jolting “progressive” academic systems and exposing inherent inequities. Such inequality warrants authentic activism to promote social awareness and facilitate a culture of collaboration, respect, and inclusivity. This chapter centers on three early-career Black and Brown women leaders associated with counseling programs who voice their positionality statements, experiences, and views to align with relevant theoretical concepts. Black feminism, postcolonial feminism, and critical race theory pedagogies serve as the authors' foundation, highlighting race, culture, gender, and intersectionality to unmask cultural oppression in higher education. Committed to their lives' work as academics, researchers, and mental health practitioners, the authors assume substantial professional responsibilities and engage in emotional labor adopting a sense of family and mothering to support students. Finally, the authors provide suggestions to undo injustices during turbulent times.
A Black Principal's Decolonizing Journey for Racial Justice
Authors: Adkins-Sharif Jamel
Published: July 2021

This chapter is a critical autoethnographic analysis of a Black male school leader enacting racial and social justice in his school improvement efforts. A reflexive dialogue between dissertation research findings and related leadership experiences seek to extricate the colonial structure of public education and the colonizing intent of schooling as experienced by a Black principal and the communities of color from which his students and caregivers derive. Three dynamics are identified as oppressive: white moves towards Black domination, white privilege, and intersecting oppressions. Three decolonizing acts are highlighted: centering of racial justice, catalyzing critical community consciousness and agency, and dismantling intersecting oppressions through counter narration.
Permeability in Bioclimatic Modular Facades
Authors: Awad Tamar
Published: July 2021

This study is based on the analysis of the facades of tobacco drying sheds located in the regions of Cáceres and Toledo in Spain as an example of bioclimatic production architecture. Using modular and permeable façade designs, it is possible to generate an interior space with specific hygrothermal conditions. The drying sheds are the places where the tobacco plant is cured with the air penetrating through the holes on their facades, and the tobacco dries under certain conditions of humidity and temperature. The design of these patterns based on a module, such as the brick, not only affects the composition but also determines the permeability characteristics, conditioning the interior space hygrothermally. Analysing the conceptual relationship, textures, patterns, and construction methods of the dryers with contemporary architecture, numerous examples can be found in other buildings in which modular patterns are used in the composition of the facades similar to those used in the dryers.
Bamboo Utilization as a Sustainable Building Material
Authors: Okonkwo Paul C. , Hassan Israr Ul , Beitelmal Wesam H.
Published: July 2021

The extraction of building materials from their resources through harvesting, preservation, and utilization has become a significant segment of human contribution to the global ecosystem since the industrial revolution. Bamboo is the world's fastest-growing woody plant, and bamboo grows multiple times quicker than most species. Housing is one of the focused demands for bamboo, and as a result of the current scarcity of home units, the demand for bamboo is increasing. Bamboo building construction is portrayed by a basic edge approach like that applied in traditional building design and construction. Applying bamboo as an environmentally friendly material is seen as a movement towards creating a sustainable environment and reducing greenhouse emissions. The need to employ government policy in addressing the production and application of bamboo is reported, and the challenges of bamboo in the global market are highlighted in this chapter.
Beyond the Water Environmental Management in the Operational Building Phase for Its Application to the Peruvian Context
Authors: Samamé Zegarra Estela Karem
Published: July 2021

The world population is expected to be 9.3 billion by 2050, with a high increase in the urban population. It is worth considering that 71.7% of the surface of the earth covered by water, but only 3% of this water can be used as drinking water. In cities, buildings are recognized as one of the largest users of freshwater resources in construction and operation. The water use impact is different in some countries because some use conventional water treatments while other ones rely on advanced desalination. Climate change and population growth are clearly putting pressure on the world's water supply, so the first environmental assessment plan for buildings was launched in 1990 by the BRE in the United Kingdom where the water category is included in its environmental assessment.
Sustainable Design for a Functional Reeducation of Senior Citizens About the Basic Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Estrada Omar Eduardo Omar Sánchez
Published: July 2021

Developing useful objects for a functional reeducation of senior citizens persons about the basic activities of daily living must be conceptualized considering theories, techniques, and approaches in methodology, based on ecologically bearable structures, economically viable, and socially equitable. Consequently, the present chapter has the objective to state the criteria and strategies of a sustainable design, from a detailed study of applicability of 1) user-product interaction, observation, understanding, dimensional relationship, and evaluation; 2) creative process, identification, ideation, definition, prototypes, evaluation, and structuration; 3) technical specifications, structure, sustainability, ergonomics, aesthetics, and evaluation; 4) manufacture method, sustainability, production method, life cycle, capital assets, official norms, and optimization. A contextual and conceptual analysis is proposed for the beginning, development, and conclusion of the projects so as to reestablish the relationship between natural processes and human activity.
Online Teaching Needs Ongoing Student Engagement
Authors: Gellens Suzanne , Wachtel Lois
Published: July 2021

The online educator uses many techniques to engage and motivate students to create a classroom community. The virtual teacher creates positive experiences and interactions that propel the student forward educationally and socially. The professor builds a relationship using interpersonal interactions with email, video, or the school website. Personal outreach inspires the student to want to participate. The teacher is an ally, helping the student be successful. Effective feedback, whether in discussion board, seminar, or assignments, must be specific, culturally sensitive, and respectful, using a variety of techniques to bring students out of isolation to build the classroom community. Student engagement should be continuous and motivating. The teacher encourages and assists, working on student success and persistence. The instructor creates a community of learners, who participate in a social interchange, that helps them solidify the information and reach curriculum and classroom goals.
Best Practices for Web-Conferencing and Webinars
Authors: Fleming Jennifer
Published: July 2021

This chapter seeks to evaluate the efficacy of web-based (webinar) learning in different academic settings during pandemic periods. It begins with a review of basic learning theories and then proceeds to a short discussion of the different modes of instruction. Afterward, it assesses the series of data elements from the Department of Education to determine trends in the school characteristics for the analysis. It also includes a short discussion on international perspectives from six countries that share in the pandemic experience. It concludes with a set of recommendations for utilizing web-based (webinar) learning and a set of references for converting traditional pedagogy to online platforms, developing mastery in instructional design, and a common core of lesson plans for K12 platforms.
Building Capacity Through Multiculturalism and Diversity in the Online Classroom
Authors: Seliskar Holli Vah , Robinson Chloe , Early Kristin Winokur , Williams Tomicka N. , Johnson Cindy S.
Published: July 2021

The second decade of the 21st century highlighted the complexity of teaching remotely while in the midst of not only a global pandemic, but also an enduring racism crisis. Influenced by the socio-cultural milieu, online classrooms can be seen as microcosms of the broader society. Consequently, educators have felt the burden of grappling with multiculturalism and diversity within their classrooms and institutions; this can be especially difficult when teaching online. Since online classrooms do not operate within a vacuum, it is important to understand how the societal context can impact students' perspectives on multiculturalism and diversity. Examining multiculturalism and diversity through the lens of the student can help educators better serve their online learners.
Original Writing in a Remix Culture
Authors: Early Kristin Winokur , Seliskar Holli Vah , White David Alan , Mead Jonathan Lee , Campbell William C.
Published: July 2021

A new era of educational instruction was ushered in with the advent of 2020. Students, educators, and administrators had to rethink content delivery during a global pandemic. The move to online instruction introduced challenges, among which is the challenge of promoting original writing in the digital age. Technology has contributed to a remix culture that encourages patchwork assemblage of existing works and ideas. Accustomed to having information available at their fingertips, learners often have little conception of the origins or ownership of the information. With increasing shifts to remote education, instruction must evolve to clearly define what constitutes original writing and academic integrity. This chapter explores plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and the influence of technology across the differentiated remote settings of K-12 and higher education. Strategies for addressing academic dishonesty and fostering integrity are explored from the perspectives of students, educators, curriculum developers, and administrators.
Development of Innovative Pedagogy Strategies and Decolonization of Curriculum in Higher Education Institutions in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: July 2021

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are faced with the challenges of supporting learning and teaching processes in a new normal environment. It has been accorded in literature review that effective pedagogy drives meaningful curriculum change, and it is thus essential for the curriculum to be redesigned. Educators are confronted with devising innovative pedagogical strategies and redesigning their curriculum as a way of enhancing teaching and student e-learning experience in response to this pandemic crisis. But how prepared are educators to adopt innovative pedagogy strategies in their e-learning environment? How will decolonizing curriculum happen within a short period of time? and How prepared are lecturers and students to adopt a decolonial way of teaching and learning? The chapter observes that most educators are not well prepared to respond to curriculum change and as a result, do not feel confident to teach in a decolonial way. In this light, educators are faced with the problem of implementing pedagogy of eLearning strategies in order to achieve the desired learning goals.
Taming Procrastination
Authors: Green Barbara , Kelly Teresa Marie , Thompson Stephanie , Vice Josef
Published: July 2021

Time management directly correlates to student success and persistence in all modalities, but particularly in distance learning. Teaching the study skills and time management tools students need to succeed in the challenging online environment builds confidence, improves success rates, and increases retention. Faculty must prepare students for success both in the classroom and in their future professional careers. Time management tools are necessary in any course, and faculty should teach time management tools along with course-specific content and outcomes; this will improve time management and maximize students' educational achievement while improving overall retention and persistence rates.