bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Revitalisasi Design Konstruksi Pasar Tradisional Terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Kerakyatan (Studi Kasus Pasar Kepuh Sukoharjo)
Authors: Rianto Muhammad Agus
Published: August 2021

Perkembangan kota-kota besar saat ini lebih bertumpu pada sektor industri, perdagangan dan jasa. Perkembangan kota tersebut investor berlomba-lomba untuk berinvestasi dalam hal bangunan komersial. Maraknya bangunan komersil modern yang sedang ramai peminatnya saat ini dan pandangan orang-orang terhadap pasar tradisional hanyalah sebuah tempat berjualan yang tidak jauh dari kekumuhan, membuat pasar tradisional semakin hari semakin berkurang peminatnya. Kondisi pasar kepuh sukoharjo yang masih kurang nyaman untuk berjualan dan berbelanja, dikarenakan area bagian dalam pasar mempunyai suasana sumpek diakibatkan oleh layout ruang pasar yang kurang tertata. Hal ini disebabkan masih banyaknya pedagang yang berjualan di luar area pasar.  Pintu utama yang kurang menarik, sirkulasi pasar yang kurang tertata dengan baik,  penghawaan dan pencahayaan yang belum berfungsi dengan optimal menjadi faktor dari ketidaknyamanan pada pasar. Untuk itu pasar kepuh sokoharjo direvitalisasi desain untuk bisa bersaing dengan pasar-pasar moderen lainya dan untuk peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan. penerapan pada rancangan bangunan akan menata ulang layout ruang, sirkulasi dan penerapan cross ventilasi, juga penerapan skylight guna memasukan pencahayaan alami untuk ruang dalam pasar. Pelaksanaan program pengembangan pasar tradisional yang dilakukan Pemerintah Sukoharjo dalam rangka meningkatkan ekonomi kerakyatan melalui revitalisasi pasar tradisional bertujuan meningkatkan daya saing pasar dan mengaktifkan kembali kegiatan pasar tradisional agar dapat bersaing dengan pasar modern sehingga bukan hanya meningkatkan pendapatan pedagang tapi juga meningkatkan daya saing untuk memperluas pangsa pasar, dan tujuan akhir dari program tersebut adalah mencapai kesejahteraan pedagang. Revitalisasi tersebut menghasilkan empat aspek diantaranya aspek sosial, aspek non fisik, aspek ekonomi dan aspek fisik. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang telah dibagiakan kepada 50 responden pedagang, sebanyak 80% responden menyatakan paska revitalisaisi desain konstruksi di pasar kepuh sukoharjo pendapatan ekonomi mengalami peningkatan pendapatan ratta-rata 20%.
Analisis Struktur Gedung Beton Dengan Sistem Pracetak pada Gedung Rusun Joho
Authors: Ghifari Firzil Rohim
Published: August 2021

Rusun Joho merupakan bangunan yang menggunakan struktur beton pracetak, dimana struktur beton dicetak di pabrik khusus pembuatan beton pracetak terlebih dahulu sebelum dipasang di lokasi pembangunan. Untuk mengetahui kuat tahan struktur beton pracetak terhadap gempa digunakan metode ragam spektrum respons. Perhitungan analisis struktur menggunakan software SAP 2000 V14. Hasil analisis tersebut berupa simpangan antar tingkat (displacement) dan base shear. Hasil analisis tersebut digunakan untuk mengontrol kinerja batas layan dan ultimate struktur.  Untuk analisis hubungan balok kolom menggunakan SNI 03-2847-2002. Dalam menganalisis hubungan balok kolom pada struktur gedung pracetak tersebut digunakan balok  yang menerima momen terbesar dimana data momen tersebut didapat dari hasil output SAP 2000 V14, dan sebagai sample yang mewakili seluruh hubungan balok kolom gedung Rusun Joho dihasilkan hubungan balok kolom  tengah bentang  фVc (2975,324)  > V (2954,119) (sambungan aman) dan hubungan balok kolom ujung bentang фVc (2975,324)  >  1559,99 (sambungan aman).
Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Supply Chain in Disasters in Iran From the Perspective of Experts
Authors:   Department of Entrepreneurship, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran., Akbari Mojtaba , Didehkhani Hossein ,   Department of Industries, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran., Soltani Ahmad ,   Iran-Helal Institute of Applied-Science and Technology, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran., Shojaei Samereh ,   Department of Management, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran., Mehrabian Ahmad ,   Department of Industries, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background: Supply chain includes all related parts that directly or indirectly meet the customers’ demands. During disasters, the supply chain disrupts. It seems that paying attention to innovation and entrepreneurship can solve some of these disruptions. This study was conducted to extract the factors affecting the technology-oriented entrepreneurial rescue supply chain in the Red Crescent Society from experts and specialists in Iran. Materials and Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted in 2020. Using the content analysis method, the considered criteria were collected through open-ended questions and interviews. To determine the desired indicators, 30 people were interviewed in-depth in a purposeful manner using snowball sampling. The thematic analysis method was also used to analyze the interviews. Results: A total of 30 experts with a mean age of 46 years were interviewed, of whom 21 cases were male. Also, 16 cases had a PhD degree, and 14 had a Master’s degree. After analyzing and extracting the criteria from the interviews, 123 codes were obtained. Finally, the codes were divided into two classes: supply chain management and technology indicators. The supply chain management class included subclasses of customer integration, supplier integration, internal integration, and innovative orientation. The technology indicators class included subclasses of individual characteristics, attitudinal factors, educational factors, technical factors, economic factors, environmental factors, and human and managerial factors. Conclusion: Supply chains are essential for entrepreneurship because of the involvement of different parts of the Red Crescent Organization of Iran in joint activities. Because of the expansion of entrepreneurship issues in the supply chain, presenting a technology-oriented comprehensive model of the entrepreneurial supply chain in the Red Crescent Organization is of great importance. In today’s competitive environment, supply chain management is a strategic and robust basis for the Red Crescent Organization to achieve success and competitive advantage.
The Knowledge of Emergency Medical Technicians of Prehospital Care Intensity Index of Spinal Cord Trauma in Ilam Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mozafari Mehran , Zohari Anboohi Sima ,   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghasemi Erfan ,   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Safarpour Hamid ,   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Anvary Rahman ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Shiri Hossein ,   Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background: The knowledge of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) plays a crucial role in the outcomes of traumatic patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of EMTs about the prehospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma in Ilam Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 EMTs chosen by the census sampling method. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on the prehospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma and were analyzed with SPSS 16. Results: The knowledge of the prehospital care intensity index of spinal cord trauma was at the advanced level in 87.7% of EMTs and the intermediate level in 15.3% of EMTs. There was a significant relationship between the technician’s knowledge score and variables such as age, work record, overtime hours, and the number of missions (P˂0.05). Conclusion: EMTs needed more specialized information on spinal trauma. It was recommended to hold in-service training programs more precisely and consider the training of necessary skills that most EMTs require.
Time Indices of Prehospital Emergency Services in Ardabil City, Iran, 2020
Authors:   Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Asadi Hossein , Habibi Soola Aghil ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Gheybati Farhad ,   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Davari Mahnaz ,   Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: August 2021

Background: The role and function of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) in people’s health and the need for continuous evaluation of its function, especially delivering services to the patients, are essential. So, the present study was conducted to determine the time indices of prehospital emergency services in Ardabil City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Out of all calls recorded in EMS centers of Ardabil in the first 6 months of 2020, 327 calls, which resulted in the patient’s transfer to a hospital, were randomly selected. Then, the required data, including time indices and demographic information, were extracted from EMS forms filled by a medical emergency technician for each mission. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including 1-way analysis of variance and the Chi-square test in SPSS v. 22. Results: In terms of time indices, the average delay time (1.01 minutes), the response time (7.87 minutes), on-scene time (13.81 minutes), transport time (12.53 minutes), the total run time (transport time, response time, and on-scene time) (35.15 minutes), and the round trip time (52.50) had been recorded. According to the Chi-square test, there was a significant relationship between the total run time (transport time, response time, and on-scene time), transport time, round trip time, and the location of the emergency base. Conclusion: EMS time indices were at the desired level. Updating information systems, ambulances, medical equipment, and holding training courses for personnel working in this system can effectively improve time indicators.
Role of Industry in the Fight Against COVID-19 Crisis
Authors:   School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Parvizi Pooya , Jalilian Milad ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran., Parvizi Hana ,   Department of Science, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada., Amiri Sara ,   School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Published: August 2021

N/A
The return to master’s degree in the Russian labor market
Authors: Rozhkova K. V. , Roshchin S. Y. , Solntsev S. A. , Travkin P. V.
Published: August 2021

Though master’s programmes are rapidly gaining attention from students, evidence concerning the labor market returns to master’s degree remains scarce. There is a widespread opinion that Russian employers can barely distinguish between graduates with bachelor’s and master’s degree making it unreasonable to pursue a graduate degree. This paper contradicts this opinion. Based on a unique administrative dataset about employment of Russian HEI graduates in 2020, this study reveals a significantly positive association between master’s degree acquisition and labour market outcomes one year after graduation. Master’s degree increases probability of employment by 3—8% in male sample and by 10—16% in female sample, respectively. Moreover, graduate degree is associated with a wage premium of 5—21% for females and 2—11% for males. Despite a short period of time passed after the Bologna reform, Russian labour market encourages having a graduate degree, though the size of the premium varies drastically between fields of study and types of university.
Herramientas tecnológicas para el seguimiento, revisión y evaluación de proyectos escolares en universitarios
Authors: Pérez Torres Griselda , Rubio González José Antonio , Santoyo Sánchez Alejandra
Published: August 2021

El artículo presenta una experiencia de cómo se ha incorporado herramientas tecnológicas para hacer eficiente el proceso del seguimiento, revisión y evaluación de proyectos escolares. Para ello los alumnos adoptaron una herramienta tecnológica (wiki o redbooth) durante el desarrollo del proyecto. De la valoración global durante dos ciclos escolares resultó una experiencia muy positiva tanto para alumnos como para profesores y otro hallazgo fue la mejora del trabajo colaborativo y la interacción entre los participantes de un mismo proyecto.
Telemonitoring System of Greenhouses using Weather Station to calculate ANN Temperature in Crop Plant
Authors: Rojas Molina Adriana , Castañeda Miranda Alejandro , Gómez Azpilcueta Iván M. , Díaz Aguirre Gerardo Yamil , Toledano Anaya Manuel
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the use of greenhouses for agricultural production has grown rapidly and continuously in Mexico. One of the most important factors that has a deep impact in plant cultivation in order to increase production efficiency has been monitoring continuously evapotranspiration proposed in [1], which due to the topography of the country and regions designated for construction of greenhouses, should be performed remotely. To make this monitor an embedded system with a virtual machine is deployed [2]. The embedded system proposed allows remote connectivity through a telemetry and telemonitoring system via the web. To maintain optimum performance of the greenhouse should be controlled variables as temperature, humidity, solar radiation and others to achieve adapt properly controlled in the greenhouse environment, externally monitored external climatic conditions in the greenhouse with the use of an embedded weather station. In this paper the study and implementation of a specialized embedded system for greenhouses, which uses neural diffusion algorithms to obtain independently the Evapotranspiration occurs.
A contabilidade socioambiental: um olhar sobre o sistema contábil de gestão e as diretrizes do MEC
Authors: Sardeiro Luciana da Silva Moraes , Silva Kaíssyla Maria Ferreira , Silva Valdir Sardeiro da
Published: August 2021

Tendo em vista que, no Brasil, os estudos relacionados à sustentabilidade e a responsabilidade social vem tendo como foco as organizações, com poucos estudos aplicados em instituições de ensino superior, esse artigo tem como objetivo analisar e avaliar parâmetros de Responsabilidade Socioambiental em uma instituição de ensino superior localizada na Amazônia Legal. Desta forma, para a realização deste trabalho utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a instituição em análise possui um nível baixo de sustentabilidade, mesmo atendendo os requisitos legais relacionados à responsabilidade socioambiental exigidos pelo Ministério da Educação. Sendo assim, as implicações deste estudo apontam para reflexões em torno das estratégias e práticas da instituição e para um olhar mais crítico no âmbito da legislação e da avaliação (SINAES) federal socioambiental incidente sobre a educação superior. Este último ponto poderá ser aprimorado em investigações posteriores.
Educação financeira: papel e importância no campo escolar
Authors: Gonçalves Fábio José Domingues Poari , Campano Patrícia Coelho , Moreira Eline Dias
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por finalidade auxiliar de forma colaborativa o entendimento da Educação Financeira no âmbito escolar e na continuidade da vida acadêmica do alunado. Sabe-se que o uso do dinheiro, quando aplicado de forma adequada, gera impacto positivo na sociedade e alavanca a economia. O tratamento adequado das finanças no cotidiano apoia-se em valores como a sustentabilidade, cidadania, consciência ambiental, entre outros. Neste trabalho, apresentaremos a pesquisa realizada em uma escola sobre o tema Educação Financeira com o intuito de avaliar o conhecimento sobre o assunto, e como nossos professores, juntamente com as instituições que ministram aula, se organizam para apresentar a Educação Financeira em sala de aula. Nos dias de hoje é de suma importância que assuntos ligados às questões financeiras sejam tratados com especial atenção visto que dados apontam crescimento do endividamento da população. Será apresentado propostas de intervenções desde a educação infantil até o ensino médio com a finalidade de ensinar os futuros adultos a respeitar e valorizar o dinheiro, bem como o seu uso consciente e abordar o tema com um olhar pedagógico, lúdico e prazeroso. O objetivo é expandir o conhecimento adquirido em sala de aula para a casa, afim de educar, conscientizar e melhorar a situação dos familiares de tal maneira que reflita na comunidade onde vivem. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa bibliográfica foi desenvolvida com base em material já elaborado, constituído principalmente de livros e artigos científicos. Utilizou-se do estudo de casos, estudo exploratório, coleta de dados de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa.
ESTABLISHING CONSUMER TRUST IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF ISLAMIC BANKS
Authors: Khan Tahreem Noor
Published: August 2021

In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a vital component and mainstream approach to business, with much attention devoted to the implications of CSR policies and practices. Yet firms still diffuse CSR initiatives without fully understanding the well-being of their stakeholders and the reactions towards the firm. The success of CSR can be determined by understanding consumer behaviours, thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. In the case of Islamic banking, a sceptical attitude and atmosphere of distrust has prevailed because consumers are unable to distinguish between Islamic and conventional banking products and systems, and struggle to find effective CSR outcomes through Islamic banks. In a competitive environment where CSR differentiation and credibility are ongoing challenges, this research poses a fundamental question on what should constitute a CSR strategy of Islamic banks to develop trust. Using a general inductive qualitative approach, pertinent issues related to CSR and Islamic banks were extracted from 75 existing articles, to propose a framework using Quranic terms (ikhlas, istiqama, ta’awaun, tazkiya) to construct a favourable image of Islamic banks and CSR initiatives. The research findings suggest that this framework is capable of tackling consumers’ negative attitude and scepticism of Islamic banks and CSR activities.
PEDAGOGIK EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Mallongi Maryati
Published: August 2021

Islamic economics pedagogically is a system of knowledge that studies economic problems. The implementation of this system applies Islamic law. As a prototype system that has its own characteristics, Islamic economics is applied based on the Qur'an, As-Sunnah, Ijtima', and Ijtihad/Qiyas. Its implementation is carried out following the principles; (1) Tawhid and Brotherhood, (2) Work and Productivity; and (3) Fair Distribution of Wealth. The objective of sharia economics is to meet the basic needs of mankind based on Islamic values. Islamic economics is not only a practical system, but also a pedagogical system of knowledge that contributes to knowledge and enlightenment of the economic system. The main challenge of the Islamic economic system lies in its epistemological and terminological problems which are still interpreted as mere normative doctrines of the Islamic religion. The Islamic economic system in today's contemporary era must be able to interpret its existence as a science that becomes a humanist alternative for the inequalities of the failed global economic system and is able to establish the system as a pedagogic.
Digital library studies: The subject and definition
Authors: Stolyarov Yu. N.
Published: August 2021

The author demonstrates that the problems of library process automation have been put forward in 1970s. He refers to the book by Gerard Salton (1927–1995) (well-known author and designer of SMART – System for the Mechanical Analysis and Retrieval of Text): «Dynamic information and library processing» (1973). In his monograph, Salton reviewed the libraries and predicted their future as electronic institutions; he also proposed the model of efficient library collection circulation and discussed the issues of collection quality, file organization and storage, technology of computer-aided classification, etc. He concluded the monograph with the paragraph on the collection growth and document removal. In fact, it was one of the first and significant works in electronic collection studies. Russian e-librarianship dates back to 2001 when the first edition of textbook by Andrey I. Zemskov and Ya. L. Shrayberg was published. The priority of theoretical conceptualization of electronic processes was given to IT professionals. They were enthusiastic about new technologies but rather depreciative about the time-honored provisions of general and applied library science. They have been thinking that they are to design the library of special kind and, correspondingly, that the library science of special kind bears no relation to traditional library studies. Empirically they have adopted the approach of their predecessors of the dawn of civilization. They have been interpreting the subject of electronic library studies etymologically – as the book depository (i.e. the system of two elements: e-documents and facilities). The e-library, however, has got the same structure as any other library, and the structure of library science is also the  same; it comprises the rovisions related to the whole e-library and each of its four elements of its primary contour, i.e. library collection, user/reader contingent, facilities and resources, and library staff. Each of the provisions is specified in the article.
Digital bibliography: The libraries in search of innovative bibliographic tools
Authors: Neshcheret M. Yu.
Published: August 2021

The author discusses application of innovative digital technologies in library bibliographic services. The digitalization cannot be limited to collection digitization, development of digital collections and provision of digital access to these collections. Its essential task is to find integrated solutions in bibliographic activities based on innovative system comprised primarily of the big data technology, machine learning and artificial intellect. The author examines the potential of artificial intellect systems implemented in many foreign libraries. Their successful experience is very promising. The artificial intellect is used for retrieving relevant and reliable information, mining bibliographic metadata, creating standard bibliographic records and reference lists, designing chat-bots, automatic in formation distribution on user request, selecting key values from document array. With digital technology advances, the bibliographers will have to be directly in volved in designing systems, services, programs and apps to provide bibliographic and information products and services so that traditional bibliographical principles, values and ethics lay the foundation for and are preserved in innovative artificial intellect technologies.
Electronic resources of the national libraries of the Russian Federation constituents to promote cultural heritage of titular ethnic groups
Authors: Sukhotina M. L.
Published: August 2021

Information activities of national regional libraries in promoting original traditional cultures, including that of Russian native minorities, are discussed. Cultural resources as presented at the websites of national libraries of RF constituents were examined, and 70 resources were identified, including 12 in national languages. The National Library of Chuvash Republic holds the largest number of independent digital resources. Digital publications, websites and portals are among the most popular library resources. The national regional libraries have been also developing and maintaining their databases, however their rate is rather insignificant. Many library Internet projects are characterized by their multilayer structure, which enables users to access various information resources in culture and arts via single access point. Ill-conceived navigation, lack of distinctstructural hierarchy, information mix-up when some resources, including those in regional studies are present in several website sections, are on the downside of representing resources on the libraries’ websites. According to the data obtained, virtual exhibitions make the largest share of individual digital resources. The libraries of Volga Federal District appear to be the most centered on designing and promoting resources on the culture of titular ethnic groups.
TRAUMA AS CHANCE AND CHALLENGE: HOW TO DRAW BENEFIT FROM MEMORIZED CHILD EXPERIENCES IN WORLD WAR II
Authors: Franzenburg Geert
Published: August 2021

Re-experiencing of traumatic memories becomes a social core-phenomenon concerning people of advanced age, and, thus, a core-challenge for coping-strategies. Therefore, adult educators and counselors are looking for an appropriate approach how to help their clients coping with such memories successfully. This study aims to demonstrate one possible approach based on religious coping and on the evaluation of published memories of elder German people (Dierig, 2012; Jakobi & Link, 1997), who remember their childhood shortly after World War II. It also evaluates published studies about this issue concerning their contribution to educational and/or counseling purposes. One main aspect is the comparison between the deferring, collaborative, and self-directing style of religious coping (Pargament, 1997), compared with secular analogies. Another aspect concerns the question, whether religious people are primary intrinsic or extrinsic oriented. In order to find out, why people prefer a particular strategy, an elementary form of grounded theory is chosen, which facilitates particular key categories and terms. The study does neither intend any own empirical research, nor evaluating therapeutic issues, because it is done from a German educational and counseling point of view. Thus, it emphasizes the religious, psychological, and cultural aspects of experiences and coping-strategies of people, who experienced War and post-war time as children in Germany, or of children expelled from Eastern Europe . Key words: child memories, coping strategies, grounded theory, traumatic war experiences.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF TOLERANCE OF UKRAINIAN AND POLISH STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Pasichnyk Ihor D. , Balashow Eduard M.
Published: August 2021

The research reported here presents the theoretical aspects of the concept of tolerance of the academic youth, which is considered as a component of intercultural competence. The attitude of the students towards the people from other cultures and the level of their readiness to accept them are characterized. The influence of the surrounding socio-cultural environment on the development of ethnical and social tolerance is analysed. Moreover, the tolerance is viewed as a feature of the students’ character. It was found out that a low level of ethnic tolerance prevails in 30.0% of the Ukrainian students, which means that they demonstrate considerably lower tolerance towards other ethnic groups than Polish students. The indicators of moderate and high level of Polish students comprise 93.3% that means that they are far more willing to interact with other ethnic groups and the representatives of the socio-cultural environment if compared to the Ukrainian students (63.3%), although the indicators of high and moderate level of the ethnic tolerance of Ukrainians are fairly high. The comparative results of the empirical research of ethnical, social tolerance and the tolerance as a feature of character of the Polish and Ukrainian students are specified. The important role of a higher educational establishment in the development of tolerance as a value in the modern multicultural and multi-ethnic societies is emphasized.
Key words: ethnic tolerance, index of tolerance, intercultural competence, intercultural tolerance, social tolerance.
Analisis Nilai Kapasitas Beton Prategang Tipe-I Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal
Authors: Iqbaliah Nurhayati , Roestaman Roestaman , Walujodjati Eko
Published: August 2021

Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal merupakan salah satu prasana untuk dilewati orang dan transfortasi  yang melewati sungai Cimanuk. Jembatan ini merupakan konstruksi baru sehingga perlu pengecekan terhadap nilai kapasitan yang dimiliki jembatan tersebut. Jembatan Cimanuk Maktal merupakan jembatan balok prategang tipe-I. Peneliti melakukan analisa perhitungan pada eksisting jembatan menggunakan metode rating factor (RF) pada saat inventory dan operating. Untuk perhitungan rating factor mengacu pada Pedoman Penentuan Nilai Kapasitas Jembatan dari Dirjen Bina Marga, dan untuk perhitungan analisa penampang dipandu dari Perencanaan Struktur Beton Jembatan dari RSNI-12-2004. Dari penelitian tersebut didapat bahwa jembatan tersebut dapat dikatakan aman dan sudah layak digunakan, karena nilai kapasitas yang didapat dari analisa perhitungan melebihi dari nilai kapasitas ijin. Dimana, nilai RF  berdasarkan Inventory akibat momen 1,7 > 1 dan akibat gaya geser 1,3 > 1. Juga nilai RF  berdasarkan Operating akibat momen 2,02 > 1 dan akibat gaya geser 1,9 > 1.
Meninjau Kekuatan Beton Pada Lingkungan Air Laut Pameungpeuk Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Sidiq Fajar Abdul , Walujodjati Eko
Published: August 2021

Proses peninjauan kekuatan beton pada lingkungan air laut tentunya akan mempengaruhi kekuatan tekan beton. Garam-garam 3,5% yang memuat di air laut bisa makan tenaga pada beton. Air laut terdapat kandungan klorida (cl) tinggi sehingga mempunyai sifat garam yang kasar sehingga menembus pada beton beserta senyawa pada beton, menyebabkan beberapa kualitas yang lenyap, lenyap kekukuhan dan kekakuan dengan reaksi pelapukan dipercepat. Target dari penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mendapati kekuatan beton lingkungan air laut pada usia beton 7 dan 14 hari sesudah pengujian beton yang berumur 21 hari dalam keadaan normal dengan perawatan air tawar. Tabung dan beton rencana mutu 20 MPa merupakan benda uji. Hasil 3 sampel pengujian kuat tekan beton normal selama 14 hari mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 11,69491 Mpa. Hasil 3 sampel beton normal yang direndam pada lingkungan air laut selama 7 hari rata-rata sebesar 12,2608 Mpa.Hasil 3 sampel beton normal yang direndam pada lingkungan air laut selama 14 rata-rata sebesar 12,92099 Mpa. Peningkatan hasil kuat tekan beton selama 7 hari perendaman pada lingkungan air laut terhadap beton normal yang direndam air tawar sebesar 4,83871 %. Peningkatan hasil kuat tekan beton selama 14 hari perendaman pada lingkungan air laut terhadap beton normal yang direndam air tawar sebesar 10.48387 %. Hasil persentase kuat tekan beton yang merendam pada lingkungan air laut selama 7 hari dan 14 hari  terhadap beton normal yang direndam selama 14 hari sebesar 7,66129 %. Tidak terjadi penurunan kuat tekan beton yang direndam pada lingkungan air laut selama 7 dan 14 hari.
Social stigma towards nurses: Time to refocus on what matters most
Authors: Zolkefli Yusrita
Published: August 2021

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Which is More Difficult? Losing Hair or Losing Breast: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aktuğ Cemile , Gürsoy Ayla
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to determine how women with breast cancer perceive chemotherapy-induced alopecia. This qualitative study included 20 patients with chemotherapy-induced alopecia. The data were collected through the semi-structured interview method and analyzed using the "phenomenological analysis" method. Perceptions and experiences of women with breast cancer about chemotherapy-induced alopecia were examined under six themes; facing alopecia, perceiving alopecia, hiding alopecia, changes in life after alopecia, keeping hope alive, and facilitating the difficulties experienced. When women lost their hair, they experienced sadness, anxiety, panic, and regret. Most women shaved their hair and used accessories such as wigs, bandanas, and headscarves to hide their hair loss and not to experience alopecia. The women who lost their hair worried that their spouses would not like them anymore and the majority preferred to hide their alopecia not to worry their children. Besides, they avoided entering social circles because alopecia made their disease visible. It was seen that those who knew that they would lose their hair, who believed that it was their destiny, and who had support systems accepted their situation more easily. The study results provide detailed information on how women perceived hair loss and will contribute to identifying nursing interventions that will help improve adaptability to alopecia and coping mechanisms.
The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Mental Fatigue Scale In Healthy Individuals
Authors: KILINÇ Muhammed , MURAT Gizem , KINIKLI Gizem İrem
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS) in healthy Turkish population.

Methods: This study was held in Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation between April and August 2019. A total of one hundred thirty-two healthy participants aged between 18-50 years were recruited. Reliability was investigated using test-retest reliability. The internal consistency of MFS was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The validity of the MFS was assessed by comparing the MFS score with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Checklist Individual Strength Questionnaire (CIS-T) scores. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate validity.

Results: The test–retest reliability of the MFS were excellent in healthy Turkish population (ICC: 0.91, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88–0.94). The scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.86). For the validity, the correlations between the MFS and the total/subscales of CIS-T scores and SF-36 scores were good (p
Assessment of Nursing Students' Stress Levels and Coping Strategies During First Clinical Experience
Authors: BİLGİÇ Şebnem , ÇELİKKALP Ülfiye
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study was performed to examine the stress levels of freshmen in the nursing students during their first clinical experience, their styles of coping with stress, and the relationship of those with each other and certain variables.

Methods: This descriptive study was performed with 91 freshmen in the nursing department of a university who experienced clinical placements for the first time. Data was collected using a student identification form, the clinical stress questionnaire and the stress-coping patterns scale.

Results: Ninety-one students participated with the mean age of 19.94+2.91. The mean stress score of the students during their first clinical experience was found to be 29.16±7.92. When the stress coping styles of the students were examined, their mean self-confidence approach score was found to be 2.93±0.54, their seeking social support score was found to be 2.73±0.48, their optimistic approach score was found to be 2.68±0.61, their helpless/self-accusatory approach score was found to be 2.17±0.50, and their submissive approach score was found to be 1.84±0.44. The clinical stress levels of the students were found to be low and the students were found to use the confident approach most in coping with stress.

Conclusion: Nursing students should be taught stress coping methods to decrease the stress experienced during clinical placements and increasing the effectiveness of education.
Symptoms and Care Satisfaction in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: BOZKURT Tuğçe
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate of symptoms and care satisfaction in patients who had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Method: The study population consisted of patients who had a coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a public and a foundation hospital in Istanbul between December 2018 and May 2019 and the study sample 176 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to take part in the study. The study data were collected using the self-report method with the help of a Patient Description Form, the Heart Surgery Symptom Inventory (HSSI) and the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale (NSNS). The data were analysed on the SPSS version 22.0 software. The data were analysed using numbers, percentages, minimum and maximum values, means and standard deviations, t-test, variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The patients were found after their CABG surgery to experience pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea and wound-related symptoms. The most common complaint of the patients after the surgery was sleep problems and the least common wound-related symptoms. The mean HSSI score of the participating patients was 71.22±31.39 and the mean NSNS score 52.87±22.54, which meant that the severity of their post-surgery symptoms and their satisfaction with care were at a moderate level. Post-surgery pain, lack of appetite, nausea and wound-related symptoms were found to have a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with care satisfaction (p
Factors Affecting Adherence to Treatment of Male Inpatients with Alcohol Addiction: an Qualitative Study
Authors: BAHADIR YILMAZ Emel , ATA Elvan
Published: August 2021

Objective: This paper explores those factors affecting adherence to treatment among male inpatients with alcohol addiction in Turkey.

Methods: This qualitative and descriptive study was carried out in 2018. The sample consisted of 16 patients with with alcohol addiction in a psychiatric clinic. The data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Three main themes emerged from these interviews: (i) strengthening of personality; (ii) structuring of treatment environment; and (iii) completion of social life preparations. Strengthening of personality theme was composed of low self-esteem, anger and ineffective coping, inadequate communication skills, and loneliness sub-themes. Structuring of treatment environment theme consisted of lack of knowledge and insight, a non-therapeutic environment, and lack of treatment motivation sub-themes. Finally, completion of social life preparations theme was composed of lack of leisure activity, fighting the stigma of alcoholism, failure to initiate change and insufficient social support sub-themes.

Conclusion: This study suggests that psychiatric nurses should improve patients’ self-esteem, coping and communication skills, and increase patients’ knowledge and insight about their disorder and medication, treatment motivation, and social support resources.
The Assessment of the Abrasiveness for Resin Composite Finishing & Polishing Systems
Authors: KORKUT Bora , UNAL Tuna
Published: August 2021

Objective: This in vitro study was aimed to assess the abrasiveness of 4 different composite finishing and polishing systems, on two different nano-hybrid composite materials.

Methods: 40 composite disc samples were prepared 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness for each nano-hybrid resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram BulkFill A1 body and IPS Empress Direct A1; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein; n=80 in total). Each composite group was divided into 4 finishing and polishing system subgroups (Sof-Lex Disc, 3M, St. Paul MN, USA; Enhance&Pogo, Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany; OptraGloss, Ivoclar Vivadent, Shaan, Lichtenstein; Twist Dia, Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan; n=10 for each subgroup). Single surface of each sample was roughened with 600 and 800 grit sandpapers (Carbimet, Special Silicone Carbide Grinding Paper, IL, USA), respectively. Initial thickness (t1) was measured for each sample with a digital micrometer (BMI 770150, Germany). Then, 4 different finishing&polishing systems were preformed for one side of the samples, at 10 000 rpm, in dry conditions, by a single operator (30 s for a single materal). Final thicknesses (t2) were measured after finishing&polishing procedures. Statistical analyses were performed regarding t2-t1 values. Two-way Anova test was used to assess the level of abrasion for the composite and finishing&polishing materials. Tukey HSD was used for multiple comparisons.

Results: In terms of composite materials, IPS Empress Direct presented significantly a greater level of abrasion (52.85 ± 42.26B) than Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill (p < 0.001). In terms of finishing & polishing materials, significantly a greater level of abrasiveness was observed for Sof-Lex Disc (91.25 ± 47.22b) among all (p < 0.001). There was no significant differences in abrasiveness, between Enhance&Pogo - Optragloss (p = 0.859), Enhance&Pogo - Twist Dia (p = 0. 891), and Twist Dia – Optragloss (p = 0.440).

Conclusion: Both the type of composite and the finishing & polishing material were considered effective factors for abrasion. The greatest level of abrasiveness was observed for the 4-step Sof-Lex Disc system (91 µm on average), for the total 120 seconds of application. The abrasiveness for the 2-step systems was similar and ranged between 24 – 36 µm on average, for 60 seconds of application. IPS Empress Direct presented a greater level of abrasion than Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill on equal terms of finishing & polishing.
Preconception Risk Factors and Preconception Care Practices in Turkish Women Sample
Authors: CAN GÜRKAN Özlem , ERTUĞRUL ABBASOĞLU Döne
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the preconception risk factors that may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes, and preconception care practices.

Methods: A descriptive study was completed with 359 women. The data were collected with a questionnaire that was drawn up by the researchers.

Results: Findings demonstrated that preconception risk factors were advanced age (20.6%), smoking (23.1%), existence of a chronic illness (23.6%) and being overweight (26.7%). Applied to a health institution to receive preconception care was 12.3 %. The most common preconception care practices were the use of folic acid (45.4%) and applying to the doctor for reorganization of the treatment for chronic illness (41.2%).

Discussion: The data showed that women had preconceptional risk factors and did not receive adequate preconceptional care. Women need to be provided with awareness on preconception risk factors. Policies should be developed to increase the frequency of women receiving preconception care.
Comparison Of The Effect Of Surface Conditioning Methods On The Bond Strength Of Different Zirconia Reinforced Lithium Silicate And Hybrid Ceramics To Resin Cement
Authors: SEVMEZ Hatice , YILMAZ Handan
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface conditioning methods on shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM materials.

METHODS. The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Vita Suprinity VS, and Celtra Duo CD) and hybrid ceramics (Vita Enamic, VE and Nacera Hybrid NH) were used. 80 specimens from each material were fabricated following the manufacturer’s instructions and divided into 8 groups according to surface treatments. These were; Gr 1 (control, no treatments (K)), Gr 2 (hydrofluoric acid H), Gr 3 (H+ Silane S), Gr 4 (abraded with 50-micron alumina particles A), Gr 5 (A+ S), Gr 6 (abraded with 30-micron Cojet sand C), Gr 7 (C+S), Gr 8 (S). The average surface roughness (SR) of the specimens was measured. Surface treated specimens were cemented to the resin cement (Panavia F 2.0) for testing the adhesion using the shear bond strength SBS test and were tested. Mean SR and SBS results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA with the material type and surface treatments as the independent variables.

RESULTS. The highest surface roughness values were observed in the A and AS groups. Both hybrid ceramics VE and NH showed the highest SR values among surface treatments. The highest SBS values were found usually on the H and HS treated surfaces. The highest values were observed on the CD material in the HS group (18,01MPa) and followed by the VE material (16,25 MPa) in the CS group. The failure mode for CD and VS materials was found adhesive and cohesive failures and for VE and NH materials adhesive, and mixed cohesive failure was observed.

CONCLUSION. The surface treatment showed a significant effect on the SR and SBS values. Although, the SR values of the materials are high in the A and AS group, the highest SBS values were observed in the H and HS treated surfaces.
Which Polishing Method Is Effective for Coffee Stains? – An In-Vitro Study of Surface Roughness and Color Change
Authors: ATALAY Cansu , OZ Alperen , IBRAHİM Mirna Abou , SHAQAR Moath , TAYYEM Marah , QADER Huthaifa Abdul , GÜR Ali Tuğrul , GUNCU Güliz Nigar
Published: August 2021

Aim: To assess the effect of three different polishing protocols on the surface roughness and color change of the enamel and compare the results with the enamel specimens exposed to coffee.

Methods: Seventy-two bovine enamel specimens were randomly divided into two groups-Group I:only polishing,Group II:immersion in coffee solution and polishing–which were then subdivided into 3 groups according to polishing procedures as follows:polishing with rubber cup and Pumice Flour(PF),polishing with rubber cup and Prophy Paste(PP),polishing with Air Abrasion(AA). Surface roughness(Ra) and tooth color were assessed using a surface profilometer and a digital spectrophotometer. The color change was determined by the CIE L*a*b* system. SEM analysis were also performed. Statistical analyses were performed by GraphPad software. Multiple comparisons between-groups and in-groups were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests, respectively.

Results: At baseline measurements, no significant differences were found among groups in terms of roughness and color values(p>0.05). In Group I,surface roughness values and color change were similar after polishing (p:0.393,p:0.093, respectively). In Group II,post-polishing Ra values were significantly increased in all groups(p0.05) and the highest ΔE value was detected in PP group.

Conclusion: Following coffee immersion, enamel surfaces become rougher in all polishing protocols and the roughest surface was in PF group. In all study groups visible clinical success was achieved in terms of color, therefore dental clinicians should prefer PP in clinical practice due to the less abrasive and sufficient color change properties.