bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The joint effects of local, climatic, and spatial variables determine soil oribatid mite community assembly along a temperate forest elevational gradient
Authors: Liu Dandan , Wu Haitao
Published: July 2024

Numerous factors influence mountain biodiversity variation across elevational gradients and recognizing the relative importance is vital for understanding species distribution mechanisms. We examined oribatid mites at nine elevations (from 600 to 2200 m a.s.l) and four vegetation types from mixed coniferous and broad‐leaved forests to alpine tundra on Changbai Mountain. We assessed the contribution of environmental factors (climatic and local factors) and spatial processes (geographic or elevation distances) to oribatid mite community assembly and identified 59 oribatid mite species from 38 families and 51 genera. With increasing elevation, species richness and the Shannon index declined significantly, whereas abundance followed a hump‐shaped trend. Soil TP, NH4+‐N, MAT, MAP, and elevation were the critical variables shaping oribatid mite communities based on random forest analysis. Moreover, environmental and spatial factors, and oribatid mite communities were significantly correlated based on Mantel and partial Mantel tests. Local characteristics (3.9%), climatic factors (1.9%), and spatial filtering (8.8%) played crucial roles in determining oribatid mite communities across nine elevational bands (based on variation partitioning analyses of abundance data). Within the same vegetation types, spatial processes had relatively little effects, with local characteristics the dominant drivers of oribatid mite community variation. Environmental and spatial filters together shape oribatid mite community assembly and their relative roles varied with elevation and vegetation type. These findings are crucial for the conservation, restoration, and management of Changbai mountain ecosystems in the context of climate change, along with the prediction of future vertical biotic gradient pattern evolution.
Cadmium exposure induces changes in gut microbial composition and metabolic function in long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, Cricetulus longicaudatus
Authors: Tao Mengfan , Cao Kanglin , Pu Xinsheng , Hou Yu , He Lei , Liu Wei , Ren Yue , Yang Xin'gen
Published: July 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to cadmium disrupts the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, resulting in damage to organ tissue. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the broader ecological reality associated with this phenomenon. In this study, we conducted a thorough evaluation of the effects of different concentrations of Cd (6, 12, 24, and 48 mg/L) over a period of 35 consecutive days on the organ viscera and the gut microbiota of long‐tailed dwarf hamsters, Cricetulus longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), using histopathological analysis, 16S rDNA, and metagenome sequencing. Our findings revealed that the results suggest that Cd exposure induced liver, spleen, and kidney damage, potentially leading to increased intestinal permeability and inflammation. These alterations were accompanied by significant perturbations in the gut microbiota composition, particularly affecting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Prevotella and Treponema within the gut ecosystem. Consequently, host susceptibility to underlying diseases was heightened due to these changes. Notably though, Cd exposure did not significantly impact the overall structure of the gut microbiota itself. Additionally, Cd exposure induced significant changes in the metabolic functions, with the pathways related to disease and environmental information processing notably enhanced, possibly indicating stronger innate defense mechanisms against external injuries among wild mammals exposed to Cd. This study offers a novel approach to comprehensively evaluate the significant impact of Cd pollution on ecosystems by investigating both structural and functional alterations in the digestive system, as well as disruptions in intestinal flora among wild mammals.
Iron deficiency and supplementation in patients with heart failure: Results from the IRON‐HF international survey
Authors: Camilli Massimiliano , Ballacci Federico , Rossi Valentina Alice , Cannatà Antonio , Monzo Luca , Mewton Nathan , Girerd Nicolas , Gentile Piero , Marini Marco , Mapelli Massimo , Flammer Andreas J. , Aspromonte Nadia , Montone Rocco Antonio , Lombardo Antonella , Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Savarese Gianluigi , Ruschitzka Frank , Crea Filippo
Published: July 2024

Aims

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor outcomes, regardless of anaemia status. Iron supplementation has been demonstrated to improve exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with HF with an ejection fraction <50% and ID. This survey aimed to provide data on real‐world practices related to ID screening and management.

Methods and results

We designed and distributed an online survey (23 questions) regarding ID screening and management in the HF setting. Overall, 256 cardiologists completed the survey (59.8% male, mostly between 30 and 50 years). The majority of physicians defined ID according to the most recent HF recommendations (98.4%) and reported screening for ID in more than half of their patients (68.4%). However, only 54.3% of the respondents performed periodic screening (every 6 months to 1 year). A total of 93.0% of participants prescribed and/or administered iron supplementation, using intravenous iron as the preferred method of administration (86.3%). After iron supplementation, 96.1% of the respondents reassessed ID, most frequently at 3–6 months (67.6%). Most physicians (93.8%) perceived ID as an underestimated comorbidity in HF. Cardiologists' age, training status, subspecialty and work setting (academic vs. non‐academic hospitals) were associated with heterogeneity in the answers.

Conclusions

The results of this survey highlight the need for more consistent strategies of ID screening and treatment for patients with HF.
Structures and Luminescent Properties of Platinum(II) Dihalide Complexes with Bridged Triphenylarsine Derivatives
Authors: Yukiyasu Junya , Sumida Akifumi , Shimoji Haruki , Urushizaki Aya , Yanagihara Takumi , Ogoshi Hikari , Nakamura Masashi , Ito Shunichiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: July 2024

Luminescent complexes with arsane ligands have garnered considerable interest due to their uncomplicated structure and effective luminescence. Particularly, rigid monodentate arsane ligands, wherein the substituents of the arsenic atom are bridged, have proven advantageous in enhancing emission intensity. In this study, we synthesized non‐bridged, O‐bridged, S‐bridged, and O,O‐bridged triphenylarsine derivatives using the safe and efficient protocols developed in our previous work. We then created platinum dihalide (PtX2, X=Cl, Br, I) complexes with these arsane ligands. Their structures were determined through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing significant influences on geometry by the counter anion and the arsane/phosphane ligand. Additionally, we elucidated the correlation between the ligand structure and the solid‐state emission properties
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Indolo[2,3‐α]quinolizine Alkaloid (+)‐Cuscutamine via a Diastereoselective Intramolecular Pictet‐Spengler Reaction
Authors: St. Pierre Max , McNulty James
Published: July 2024

A concise total synthesis of Cuscutamine was achieved involving a diastereoselective intramolecular acyl iminium ion mediated Pictet‐Spengler reaction. This synthetic strategy provided a direct route to (11S, 13R)‐Cuscutamine (2) in only 3 steps with an overall yield of 56 % and an enantiomeric ratio of 88 %. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is consistent with previous studies that proceed via more highly puckered transition states and the present results thus reveal the importance of the steric contributions to the observed diastereoselectivity.
Moisture patterns and fluxes in evolving tafoni developed in arkosic sandstone in temperate climate
Authors: Mareš Jakub , Bruthans Jiří , Studencová Alžběta , Filippi Michal
Published: July 2024

Cavernous weathering forms have long been studied and discussed as enigmas in geomorphology. Recently, their evolution has been shown to be controlled by moisture patterns, which are still poorly understood. For the first time, capillary water and vapor fluxes were characterized in detail at tafone in a temperate climate of central Europe using a wide range of methods adapted from soil hydrology. Time domain reflectometry showed that moisture flows from the rock interior to the evaporation front in the shallow subsurface of both — the backwalls and the outer surface. When overland flow occurs on the outer surfaces (after heavy rains), 10 mm/day can infiltrate and flow toward the backwalls. The main sources of water for tafone are the influx of water from the rock interior and the infiltration of overland flow after heavy rains, while condensation of air humidity is a minor source. Influx from the rock interior is coupled to the evaporation rate, which varies between 100 and 300 kg/m2/year in summer and less than 15 kg/m2/year in winter. More water evaporates from the backwall of the tafone than from the outer surface, and more salt is deposited in the backwalls, resulting in predominant salt weathering in the backwalls. The tafoni studied thus evolve, and the cavities deepen. Tafoni in arid and semi‐arid environments generally show a much higher contrast between evaporation rates from backwalls and outer surfaces than tafoni and honeycombs in temperate and coastal environments. Tafoni in temperate settings are therefore more susceptible to degradation when evaporation decreases or inflow to the tafone increases. This study also shows that microtensiometers can be used to determine moisture content with high spatial resolution, while time domain reflectometry allows accurate characterization of moisture patterns with depth.
Aroma of citral repels mice and exerts antioxidant effects as a functional food
Authors: Ohnishi Masatoshi , Banshoya Kengo , Machida Aoi , Kikuchi Nozomi , Yamaguchi Sawa , Akagi Marina , Fujimoto Sachiko , Yamaguchi Isamu , Kirimura Takuya , Maehara Shoji , Hata Toshiyuki
Published: July 2024

Molecular modelling suggests that citral, one of the main components of lemongrass, interacts with Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1, which is involved in the transcription of the antioxidant enzyme haeme oxygenase (HO)‐1. A citral treatment of the pheochromocytoma (PC)12D cell line, an in vitro model of neurons, up‐regulated the expression of HO‐1 (mRNA: 28.7 ± 22.6, protein: 3.3 ± 0.8). The inhalation of lemongrass or citral aroma by mice decreased HO‐1 mRNA levels in the ventral striatum (VSt) (0.68 ± 0.14, 0.72 ± 0.18, respectively), but not in the lateral hypothalamus or ventral tegmental area, which play important roles in appetite. Dopamine levels, which positively correlated with HO‐1 mRNA expression levels in PC12D, were decreased in the murine brain by the inhalation of citral (0.79 ± 0.23). This reduction was cancelled by an injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine, a selective inducer of dopaminergic neuron degeneration, into the nucleus accumbens, which is involved in pleasure, in VSt. Mice displayed aversion behaviour to the odour of citral, but no changes in their body weight. However, the oral administration of citral increased HO‐1 protein levels in the murine VSt (1.25 ± 0.16). Subjects completed a questionnaire on the aroma of lemongrass essential oil, which revealed that most found it to be pleasant and it did not affect their appetite. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that humans perceive the aroma of lemongrass differently from mice, indicating its utility as a vermin repellent and antioxidant food.
A New Index of Option Implied Absolute Deviation
Authors: Dotsis George
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new index of forward looking absolute deviation extracted from option prices. The new index, named absolute deviation index (ADIX), is model‐free and easy to compute using at‐the‐money call and put option prices. It is shown that the spread between volatility index (VIX) and ADIX captures departures from normality in the risk‐neutral distribution and an empirical analysis using S&P 500 options data for the time period 1996–2021 reveals that the spread carries significant forecasting ability with respect to future equity returns at short to medium horizons. Portfolio strategies that use the spread as a predictor of S&P 500 returns outperform buy‐and‐hold strategies in an out‐of‐sample mean‐variance asset allocation exercise.
Photoelectrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation: Current Advances in Materials and Operando Characterization
Authors: Zabara Mohammed Ahmed , Ölmez Burak , Buldu‐Akturk Merve , Yarar Kaplan Begüm , Kırlıoğlu Ahmet Can , Alkan Gürsel Selmiye , Ozkan Mihrimah , Ozkan Cengiz Sinan , Yürüm Alp
Published: July 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation is a promising technology for green hydrogen production yet faces difficulties in achieving stability and efficiency. The scientific community is pushing toward the development of new electrode materials and a better understanding of the underlying reactions and degradation mechanisms. Advances in photocatalytic materials are being pursued through the development of heterojunctions, tailored crystal nanostructures, doping, and modification of solid‐solid and solid‐electrolyte interfaces. Operando and in situ techniques are utilized to deconvolute the charge transfer mechanisms and degradation pathways. In this review, both materials development and Operando characterization are covered for advancing PEC technologies. The recent advances made in the PEC materials are first reviewed including the applied improvement strategies for transition metal oxides, nitrites, chalcogenides, Si, and group III‐V semiconductor materials. The efficiency, stability, scalability, and electrical conductivity of the aforementioned materials along with the improvement strategies are compared. Next, the Operando characterization methods and cite selected studies applied for PEC electrodes are described. Operando studies are very successful in elucidating the reaction mechanisms, degradation pathways, and charge transfer phenomena in PEC electrodes. Finally, the standing challenges and the potential opportunities are discussed by providing recommendations for designing more efficient and electrochemically stable PEC electrodes.
Pancreatic Schwann cell reprogramming supports cancer‐associated neuronal remodeling
Authors: Rangel‐Sosa Martha M. , Mann Fanny , Chauvet Sophie
Published: July 2024

The peripheral nervous system is a key regulator of cancer progression. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system inhibits cancer development. This inhibition is associated with extensive sympathetic nerve sprouting in early pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of pancreatic Schwann cells in the structural plasticity of sympathetic neurons. We examined the changes in the number and distribution of Schwann cells in a transgenic mouse model of PDAC and in a model of metaplastic pancreatic lesions induced by chronic inflammation. Schwann cells proliferated and expanded simultaneously with new sympathetic nerve sprouts in metaplastic/neoplastic pancreatic lesions. Sparse genetic labeling showed that individual Schwann cells in these lesions had a more elongated and branched structure than those under physiological conditions. Schwann cells overexpressed neurotrophic factors, including glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Sympathetic neurons upregulated the GDNF receptors and exhibited enhanced neurite growth in response to GDNF in vitro. Selective genetic deletion of Gdnf in Schwann cells completely blocked sympathetic nerve sprouting in metaplastic pancreatic lesions in vivo. This study demonstrated that pancreatic Schwann cells underwent adaptive reprogramming during early cancer development, supporting a protective antitumor neuronal response. These finding could help to develop new strategies to modulate cancer associated neural plasticity.
Impact of oral care intervention on quality of life of patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy in Sri Lanka: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Kosgallana Shamini , Jayasekara Prasanna , Abeysinghe Prasad , Lalloo Ratilal
Published: July 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is used to treat oral cancer, yet it negatively affects patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim was to evaluate the impact of an oral healthcare intervention on HRQOL of patients with oral cancer who receive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

Methods

An oral healthcare intervention was provided to 41 patients with oral cancer before radiotherapy (fluoride varnish application, scaling, permanent restorations, adjustment of sharp teeth, and extraction of teeth with questionable prognosis, oral hygiene instructions), during, and 3 months after radiotherapy (baking soda mouthwash, artificial saliva spray). EORTC QLQ‐H&N35 was used to compare the HRQOL of the intervention and control groups, with the latter having received routine oral healthcare.

Results

The intervention group showed lesser values for HRQOL domains and items indicating fewer side effects during the last week of radiotherapy and 3 months after, compared to the control group. Most of the changes in HRQOL were significantly less in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The oral healthcare intervention effectively reduced the effect of radiotherapy and positively impacted on HRQOL of patients with oral cancer.
A lean approach for improving medicines management in Australia's first cardiac hospital inventory system
Authors: Khalil Viviane , Foo Siang
Published: July 2024

Background

Medicines are the cornerstone of healthcare. Lean methodology approach such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is being used in healthcare to manage resources wisely to ensure sustainability of medicines and resources. The aim of this quality improvement study was to evaluate and improve the medication management and hospital imprest supply processes in Australia's first dedicated cardiology hospital using VSM.

Method

We conducted a review of our medicine supply processes at a 180‐bed cardiology hospital in Australia. We followed a lean methodology approach over a 4‐month period from February to May 2023 and evaluated the outcome of our improvements for another 4 months from July to October 2023. We used VSM to identify non‐value adding activities. Cost of medicines holding was calculated, as well as time taken to complete supply processes, pre and post.

Results

Pharmacy department stockholdings reduced by 51%; p = 0.000121 (from $539,662 to $275,406). Time taken to manage the inventory system also reduced by 42%; p = 0.025762 (from 148 h/month to 62 h/month). Lean methodology such as VSM can facilitate cost‐effective and sustainable system improvements for pharmacy procurement systems.
Addictive behavior and mental health of adolescents aged 11–17 years in Bangladesh in 2014: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hossain Sorif , Chowdhury Promit Barua , Mohsin Md. , Biswas Raaj Kishore
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with addictive behavior and mental health in adolescents aged 11–17 years in Bangladesh.

Methods

This study analyzed data from the Bangladesh Global School‐based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2014. Adolescents aged 11–17 years studying government schools were considered as respondents for this survey. A two‐phase group sample design was utilized to deliver illustrative information of all understudies in grades (classes) 7–10 in Bangladesh. Bivariate analyses followed by a weight‐adjusted multiple logistic regression was fitted to a sample of size 2989 adolescents.

Results

One in ten and one in four adolescents had different substance addictions and some forms of mental health conditions, respectively. Sex of participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.49; confidence interval [CI]:2.28–8.84), being bullied (AOR: 3.08; CI:1.46–6.49), use of tobacco among parents (AOR: 5.82; CI:3.16–10.75), parental understanding of adolescents' problems (AOR: 0.45; CI:0.23–0.82), and food affordability (AOR: 1.24; CI:1.09–1.42) were associated with addictive behaviors of adolescents. Bullied males with nonempathetic parents were found to be more vulnerable to addictive behaviors and bullied females showed higher tendencies to mental health issues.

Conclusion

Considering the elevated prevalence of reported mental health concerns, identifying vulnerable groups and formulating intervention‐oriented policies engaging youths can pave the way towards achieving robust health and well‐being for them in Bangladesh.
Comparative study of the prevalence of organ injury in placenta accreta spectrum disorder between posterior colpotomy and conventional peripartum hysterectomies at a single referral center in southern Thailand
Authors: Pichatechaiyoot Aroontorn , Suphasynth Yuthasak , Sae‐Sue Thitaporn , Atjimakul Thiti , Rattanaburi Athithan , Nanthamongkolkul Kulisara , Jiamset Ingporn
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare the prevalence of adjacent organ injury in placenta accreta spectrum disorder (PAS) between the posterior colpotomy approach and conventional peripartum hysterectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed the data of pregnant women diagnosed with PAS who underwent peripartum hysterectomy at Songklanagarind Hospital between January 2006 and December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: posterior colpotomy and conventional approaches. The characteristics and surgical and obstetric outcomes were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors and risk of organ injury.

Results

Among 174 patients, 64 underwent conventional peripartum hysterectomy, and 110 underwent the posterior colpotomy approach. The overall incidence of adjacent organ injury was 17.82%. Organ injury prevalence was lower in the posterior colpotomy group (10%) than in the conventional group (31.25%), with no difference in operative time. Multivariate analysis showed that posterior colpotomy reduced adjacent organ injury (odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.54, P = 0.002). Placenta percreta was associated with increased injury risk (OR 6.83, 95% CI 2.53–18.44, P < 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed that the posterior approach reduced bladder injury in placenta increta (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.57, P = 0.003) and percreta (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.77, P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Compared with conventional peripartum hysterectomy, the posterior colpotomy approach in patients with PAS reduced the risk of adjacent organ injury, particularly for placenta increta and percreta. This technique should be considered in PAS cases, but further investigations with a prospective study design are needed.
Interdependency or submission to authority? The impacts of horizontal and vertical collectivist orientation on vaccine attitudes in mainland China
Authors: Jin Yuqing , Bai Songshi , Han Tianyi , Li Linwei , Xie Tian , Guo Yongyu , Zhang Robert Jiqi
Published: July 2024

Culture has a profound impact on preventive measures during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Previous research has revealed that collectivism is associated with more effective responses to COVID‐19 on the national or regional level. However, the impact of different components of collectivist orientation on vaccine attitudes remains insufficiently explored on the individual level. Two survey studies conducted in August 2021 in mainland China consistently found that individual‐level horizontal collectivist orientation, rather than vertical collectivist orientation, was linked with more favourable vaccine attitudes. Specifically, Study 1 (N = 731) indicated that horizontal collectivist orientation was positive associated with vaccination intention indirectly via risk perception, and horizontal collectivist orientation was also positively associated with vaccination persuasion both directly and indirectly via risk perception. Study 2 (N = 1481), employing multilevel modelling, demonstrated that the link between horizontal collectivist orientation and confidence in vaccines remained robust regardless of provincial‐level variations in socioeconomic development and cultural tightness. These findings convergently suggest that the positive vaccine attitudes among mainland Chinese are primarily driven by an amplified risk perception due to concern for others, rather than submission to authority.
Comparative multiomics analyses reveal the breed effect on the colonic host–microbe interactions in pig
Authors: Huang Liang , Luo Shiqi , Liu Shuqi , Jin Mingliang , Wang Yizhen , Zong Xin
Published: July 2024

Dysregulation of the gut microbiota often leads to immune‐related disorders, indigestion, or diarrhea. Here, Jiaxing Black (JXB) pig, a local Chinese pig breed known for its great tolerance and digestibility of nutrients, was employed for a metagenomic and transcriptomic integrative analysis to reveal the gut microbiota‐genes and gut microbiota‐pathway interactions. A total of 452 differentially expressed genes, and 174 phyla were found between the JXB and the Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Detailed analysis revealed that the differences in colon gene expression signatures between the JXB and DLY are mainly enriched in metabolic and inflammatory responses, with Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae enriched in DLY and JXB, respectively. Notably, Pacebacteria, Streptophyta, and Aerophobetes were found to participate in the PI3K‐Akt mediated immune response in both pig breeds; however, they only accelerated the metabolism in the intestines of JXB pigs. Moreover, the host could regulate microbe metabolism and immune response by Ig‐like domain‐containing protein and ITIH2, PAEP, and TDRD9, respectively. Taken together, our results revealed both common and breed‐specific regulations of host genes by gut microbiota in two pig breeds.
A replication of extended implementation and social interaction during the Step it UP! Game for adults with disabilities
Authors: Seward Rebecca , Redner Ryan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the present experiments was to systematically replicate Step it UP! Game interventions with adults with disabilities. Participants were divided into two competing teams, and the team with the highest step count participated in a prize drawing. Experiment 1 (N = 9) evaluated the efficacy of an extended version of the Step it UP! Game that included additional and longer sessions. Experiment 2 (N = 8) evaluated the addition of contingent experimenter attention during the Step it UP! Game. Baseline, Step it UP! Game, and Step it UP! Game plus interaction sessions were evaluated in a multielement design. The Step it UP! Game was effective with additional and longer sessions, and all participants took more steps during Step it UP! Game sessions. Adding experimenter interaction to the Step it UP! Game did not increase the efficacy of the intervention.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β: A multifaceted player in ischemia‐reperfusion injury and its therapeutic prospects
Authors: Li Jiayan , Zhang Yan , Tang Ran , Liu Hui , Li Xiayun , Lei Wangrui , Chen Junmin , Jin Zhenxiao , Tang Jiayou , Wang Zheng , Yang Yang , Wu Xiaopeng
Published: July 2024

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) results in irreversible metabolic dysfunction and structural damage to tissues or organs, posing a formidable challenge in the field of organ implantation, cardiothoracic surgery, and general surgery. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, is involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response. Phosphorylation of its tyrosine 216 and serine 9 sites positively and negatively regulates the activation and inactivation of the enzyme. Significantly, inhibition or inactivation of GSK‐3β provides protection against IRI, making it a viable target for drug development. Though numerous GSK‐3β inhibitors have been identified to date, the development of therapeutic treatments remains a considerable distance away. In light of this, this review summarizes the complicated network of GSK‐3β roles in IRI. First, we provide an overview of GSK‐3β's basic background. Subsequently, we briefly review the pathological mechanisms of GSK‐3β in accelerating IRI, and highlight the latest progress of GSK‐3β in multiorgan IRI, encompassing heart, brain, kidney, liver, and intestine. Finally, we discuss the current development of GSK‐3β inhibitors in various organ IRI, offering a thorough and insightful reference for GSK‐3β as a potential target for future IRI therapy.
The power of junior faculty mentoring committees
Authors: Murray Debra D. , Williams Clintoria R. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Rogers Crystal D. , Kirabo Annet , Santisteban Monica M. , Wanjalla Celestine N. , Williams Edith M. , Sweetwyne Mariya T. , Damo Steven M. , Murray Sandra A. , Stokes Donna , Hinton Antentor
Published: July 2024

Junior faculty mentoring committees have important roles in ensuring that faculty thrive and adjust to their new positions and institutions. Here, we describe the purpose, structure, and benefits of junior faculty mentoring committees, which can be a powerful tool for early‐career academic investigators in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical (STEMM) fields. There is a paucity of information about what mentoring committees are, how to use them effectively, what areas they should evaluate, and how they can most successfully help junior faculty progress in their careers. This work offers guidance for both junior faculty mentees and mentoring committee members on how to best structure and utilize mentoring committees to promote junior faculty success. A better understanding of the intricacies of the mentoring committee will allow junior faculty members to self‐advocate and will equip committee mentors with tools to ensure that junior faculty are successful in thriving in academia.
Adsorption of bimetal from aqueous solution on plum seed activated carbon synthesized by pyrocarbonic acid microwave method
Authors: Salman Sami D , Rashid Israa M , Abdulwahab Yussur D
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

This article presents the simultaneous adsorption of bimetal Cu2+ and Zn2+ from an aqueous solution using activated carbon synthesized from a plum seed precursor by sulfuric acid and microwave activation: plum seeds chemically activated by 45% (w/w) sulfuric acid with 2:1 ratio for 4 h, then carbonized for 2 h at 700 °C and the product obtained activated in a microwave oven for 20 min at 700 W for final of activation. Plum seeds and activated carbon produced were characterized in terms of their physical and chemical composition using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of absorption time, bimetal solution pH, bimetal concentration and dosage of activated carbon on the capacity of adsorption and removal efficiency were studied with Design‐Expert software using response surface methodology with the I‐optimal method for experimental data analysis.

RESULTS

The results showed that the statistical analysis of Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal efficiency followed the quadratic models generated by Design‐Expert software with significant P value (P < 0.0001) and the optimum values of removal efficiencies were 99.9268% for Cu2+ and 99.34% for Zn2+ at an adsorption time of 4.98 h, pH of 7.94, bimetal concentration of 38.467 mg L−1 and adsorbent dose of 1485.294 mg (100 mL)−1. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and there was a significant agreement in the results with the Freundlich model with R2 = 0.9841 for Cu2+ and R2 = 0.9927 for Zn2+. Likewise, the data were found to fit with a pseudo‐second‐order model with R2 = 0.9989 for Cu2+ and R2 = 0.9948 for Zn2+ as compared to a pseudo‐first‐order model.

CONCLUSION

Activated carbon synthesized from plum seeds with chemical and microwave activation could be effectively used as an adsorbent for bimetal Cu2+ and Zn2+ in aqueous solution. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Development and integration of a clinical dashboard within a dental school setting
Authors: Afshari Fatemeh S. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun , Sukotjo Cortino , Rowan Susan A. , Spector Michael L.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To describe the development and integration of an electronic health record‐driven, student dashboard that displays real‐time data relative to the students’ patient management and clinic experiences at the University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry.

Materials and methods

Following development and implementation of the student dashboard, various objective metrics were evaluated to identify any improvements in the clinical patient management. A cross‐sectional retrospective chart review was completed of the electronic health record (axiUm, Exan, Coquitlam, BC, Canada) from January 2019 to April 2022 evaluating four performance metrics: student lockouts, note/code violations, overdue active patients, and overdue recall patients. Descriptive statistics were analyzed. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to assess the normal distribution of data. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis tests for potential differences between pre‐dashboard and post‐dashboard implementation years with the mean overdue active/recall patient to student ratio variables. Mann–Whitney U‐tests for between‐groups comparisons with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were performed (α = 0.05). Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the student utilization frequency of the dashboard.

Results

Post‐implementation analysis indicated a slight decrease in the number of lockouts and note/code violation; and a statistically significant decrease in overdue active patients post‐dashboard (P < 0.001). On average, students accessed their dashboards 3.3 times a week.

Conclusions

Implementation of a student dashboard through the electronic health record platform within an academic dental practice has the potential to assist students with patient management and is utilized regularly by the students.
Mechanical property estimation of sarcoma‐relevant extracellular vesicles using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Singh Premanshu Kumar , Sarchet Patricia , Hord Catherine , Casadei Lucia , Pollock Raphael , Prakash Shaurya
Published: July 2024

Analysis of single extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to yield valuable label‐free information on their morphological structure, biomarkers and therapeutic targets, though such analysis is hindered by the lack of reliable and quantitative measurements of the mechanical properties of these compliant nanoscale particles. The technical challenge in mechanical property measurements arises from the existing tools and methods that offer limited throughput, and the reported elastic moduli range over several orders of magnitude. Here, we report on a flow‐based method complemented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging to provide a high throughput, whole EV deformation analysis for estimating the mechanical properties of liposarcoma‐derived EVs as a function of their size. Our study includes extracting morphological data of EVs from a large dataset of 432 TEM images, with images containing single to multiple EVs, and implementing the thin‐shell deformation theory. We estimated the elastic modulus, E = 0.16 ± 0.02 MPa (mean±SE) for small EVs (sEVs; 30–150 nm) and E = 0.17 ± 0.03 MPa (mean±SE) for large EVs (lEVs; >150 nm). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the mechanical property estimation of LPS‐derived EVs and has the potential to establish a relationship between EV size and EV mechanical properties.
Biocompatible hydroxyapatite‐based nano vehicle bypasses viral transduction and enables sustained silencing of a pluripotency marker gene, demonstrating desired differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Zantye Pranjita , Dahiya Asha , Kowshik Meenal , Ramanan Sutapa Roy , Talukdar Indrani
Published: July 2024

Background

Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into desired lineages is the key aspect of regenerative medicine and cell‐based therapy. Although RNA interference (RNAi) technology is exploited extensively for this, methods for long term silencing of the target genes leading to differentiation remain a challenge. Sustained knockdown of the target gene by RNAi is often inefficient as a result of low delivery efficiencies, protocol induced toxicity and safety concerns related to viral vectors. Earlier, we established octa‐arginine functionalized hydroxyapatite nano vehicles (R8HNPs) for delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against a pluripotency marker gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Although we demonstrated excellent knockdown efficiency of the target gene, sustained gene silencing leading to differentiation was yet to be achieved.

Methods

To establish a sustained non‐viral gene silencing protocol using R8HNP, we investigated various methods of siRNA delivery: double delivery of adherent cells (Adh‐D), suspension delivery followed by adherent delivery (Susp + Adh), single delivery in suspension (Susp‐S) and multiple deliveries in suspension (Susp‐R). Sustained knockdown of a pluripotent marker gene followed by differentiation was analysed by reverse transcriptase‐PCR, fluoresence‐activated cell sorting and immunofluorescence techniques. Impact on cell viability as a result of repeated exposure of the R8HNP was also tested.

Results

Amongst the protocols tested, the most efficient knockdown of the target gene for a prolonged period of time was obtained by repeated suspension delivery of the R8HNP‐siRNA conjugate. The long‐term silencing of a pluripotency marker gene resulted in differentiation of R1 ESCs predominantly towards the extra embryonic and ectodermal lineages. Cells displayed excellent tolerance to repeated exposures of R8HNPs.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that R8HNPs are promising, biocompatible, non‐viral alternatives for prolonged gene silencing and obtaining differentiated cells for therapeutics.
Gait asymmetry persists following unilateral and bilateral total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Carpentier Stephanie H. , Barylak Martin , Arena Sara , Queen Robin
Published: July 2024

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) improves gait symmetry in patients with unilateral end‐stage ankle arthritis but has not been studied in patients undergoing bilateral TAA (B‐TAA), and few studies compare TAA patients to control subjects. The purpose of this study was to compare gait symmetry in U‐TAA and B‐TAA patients and healthy controls. Using prospective databases, 19 unilateral and 19 bilateral ankle arthritis patients undergoing TAA were matched to 19 control subjects by age, sex, and BMI. The Normalized Symmetry Index (NSI) was determined for joint mechanics and ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking trials at a single visit for controls and preoperatively and 1 to 2 years postoperatively for TAA patients. Data was analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models to determine differences among time points and cohorts at a significance of α = 0.05. Following surgery, B‐TAA and U‐TAA experienced improved peak plantarflexion moment symmetry (p = 0.017) but remained less symmetric than controls. B‐TAA patients had more symmetry than U‐TAA patients during peak weight acceptance GRF (p = 0.002), while U‐TAA patients had greater peak dorsiflexion symmetry than B‐TAA patients. TAA patients demonstrated more asymmetry compared to control subjects for all outcome measures. There was no significant impact of TAA on gait symmetry for GRF or peak ankle angles, and neither U‐TAA nor B‐TAA was consistently associated with higher gait symmetry. These results indicate that TAA improves symmetry during peak plantarflexion moment, and that significant gait asymmetry persists for B‐TAA and U‐TAA patients compared to healthy participants.
A real‐life pediatric experience of Crohn's disease exclusion diet at disease onset and in refractory patients
Authors: Scarallo Luca , Banci Elena , De Blasi Alessia , Paci Monica , Renzo Sara , Naldini Sara , Barp Jacopo , Pochesci Saverio , Fioretti Lorenzo , Pasquini Benedetta , Cavalieri Duccio , Lionetti Paolo
Published: July 2024

Objectives

We aimed to appraise the real‐life efficacy of Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) coupled with partial enteral nutrition (PEN) in inducing clinical and biochemical remission at disease onset and in patients with loss of response to biologics and immunomodulators.

Methods

We retrospectively gathered data of patients aged less than 18 years of age with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD), who received CDED coupled with PEN at a tertiary level pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center.

Results

Sixty‐six patients were identified. Forty (60.6%) started CDED plus PEN at disease onset and 26 (39.4%) received CDED with PEN as add‐on therapy. Forty‐six (69.7%) patients achieved clinical remission (weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index < 12.5) at the end of phase 1, 44 (66.7%) normalized c‐reactive protein levels (<0.5 mg/dL) and 18 (27.2%) patients normalized calprotectin levels (<150 µg/g). Nine of 19 (47.3%) of patients with clinically severe disease (defined by Physician Global Assessment) achieved clinical remission at the end of phase I. Patients with extraintestinal manifestations had statistically lower clinical response rates to the dietary regimen (p = 0.018). Among patients who received CDED + PEN as add‐on treatment, a previous successful course of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition was associated with statistically higher clinical remission rates at Week 8 (p = 0.026). Clinical response at Week 4 was an independent predictor of clinical remission and fecal calprotectin normalization at Week 8 (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

CDED with PEN confirmed its efficacy in a real‐life setting, proving to be effective also in refractory patients and those with severe disease. Early clinical response predicts clinical remission at the end of phase 1.
Intraoperative indocyanine green angiography in preventing hypoparathyroidism after thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Barreira Carlos Eduardo Santa Ritta , Miranda André Póvoa , Peixoto Thaísa Fabiana , Pinheiro Rodrigo Nascimento
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of indocyanine green angiography to identify devascularized parathyroids during thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer would decrease the rates of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

Methods

Retrospective study of patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for treatment of thyroid cancer between March 2021 and March 2023. The indocyanine group included patients with all four parathyroids identified and evaluated by indocyanine green angiography at the end of the procedure. Those with parathyroid glands classified with no vascularization had the glands autotransplanted. A group without indocyanine angiography was used to compare results.

Results

The analysis included 100 patients in each group. Indocyanine angiography identified 14.75% of devascularized parathyroids at surgery. The number of parathyroids with a score of 2 (i.e., good vascularization) was not a safe predictor of normal parathyroid hormone levels after surgery. Indeed, 29.2% of the patients with three parathyroids with a score of 2 developed transient hypoparathyroidism. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 7% of the patients without indocyanine group and in none of the patients in the indocyanine group (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

Intraoperative angiography with indocyanine green could contribute to reduce the occurrence of permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients undergoing surgical treatment for thyroid cancer.
Effect of dimethyl fumarate in patients with plaque psoriasis meeting the upgrade criteria required for moderate‐to‐severe disease classification
Authors: Gerdes Sascha , Ghazal Philipp Al , Diemert Sebastian , Termeer Christian
Published: July 2024

Background

Oral dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is indicated in patients with plaque psoriasis requiring systemic treatment, including those meeting the upgrade criteria for moderate‐to‐severe disease classification.

Objectives

To evaluate quality of life (QoL), effectiveness, and tolerability of DMF during routine clinical practice in a patient population with plaque psoriasis meeting the upgrade criteria for moderate‐to‐severe disease.

Methods

UPSKIL was a prospective, noninterventional observational study conducted in Germany from July 2019 to February 2022. Adult patients with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA) values ≤ 10 meeting the upgrade criteria for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis were included, if therapy with DMF was indicated. Overall and by upgrade criterion, effectiveness was evaluated by change in PASI, BSA, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and ItchyQoL from baseline to Weeks 24 and 52.

Results

In total, 180 patients (mean age 43.4 years, 60.3% male) were included in the effectiveness analysis. At baseline, the majority of patients suffered from involvement of visible areas (86.1%), presence of single recalcitrant plaques (83.9%), pruritus leading to scratching (81.1%) and involvement of major parts of the scalp (71.1%). Using last observation carried forward (LOCF), the proportion of patients achieving PASI < 3 increased from 7.9% at baseline to 55.3% at Week 52, and the proportion of patients achieving DLQI ≤ 5 increased from 17.4% to 52.1%. Overall and stratified by upgrade criteria, mean PGA improvement was visible in all subgroups presenting with the respective upgrade criterion as indicated by the increasing proportion of patients achieving a PGA score of 0/1 (clear/almost clear). In total, 104 patients (51.2%) experienced at least one adverse drug reaction.

Conclusions

Overall, treatment with DMF led to substantial improvement of all upgrade criteria, even when discontinued before Week 52. Safety results were consistent with the known safety profile of DMF.
The Impact of Vocal Tremor on Deglutition: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gartling Gary , Balou Matina , Amin Milan , Molfenter Sonja , Jones‐Rastelli Brynn , Ezeh Uche C. , Achlatis Stratos , Johnson Aaron , Gherson Shirley , Chiappetta Natalie , Barkmeier‐Kraemer Julie , Branski Ryan C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Vocal tremor (VT) poses treatment challenges due to uncertain pathophysiology. VT is typically classified into two phenotypes: isolated vocal tremor (iVT) and essential tremor‐related voice tremor (ETvt). The impact of phenotypes on upper aerodigestive tract physiology during swallowing remains unclear. Qualitative and quantitative measures were employed to characterize tremor phenotypes and investigate the effects on swallowing physiology.

Methods

Eleven ETvt participants (1 Male, 10 Female; x̄ age = 74) and 8 iVT participants (1 Male, 7 Female; x̄ age = 71) swallowed 20 mL boluses in cued and uncued conditions under standardized fluoroscopic visualization. Sustained/a/productions were captured to assess the rate and extent of fundamental frequency (F0) modulation. Penetration and Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores were obtained and swallowing biomechanics were captured using Swallowtail™ software. Participants also completed the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL‐QOL) questionnaire.

Results

Hypopharyngeal transit was faster in both VT phenotypes compared with Swallowtail™ normative reference data. Total pharyngeal transit times, however, were only faster in patients with iVT, relative to reference data. No significant differences were observed on the SWAL‐QOL or PAS between tremor phenotypes. SWAL‐QOL scores revealed that these patients rarely reported dysphagia symptoms.

Conclusions

Subtle differences in swallowing patterns were observed across VT phenotypes, possibly related to adaptive mechanisms resulting in quicker pharyngeal bolus transit. Most patients did not report swallowing issues or dysphagia symptoms. This study is foundational for larger studies on this challenging population.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4599–4603, 2024