bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wireless Communication-aware Path Planning and Multiple Robot Navigation Strategies for Assisted Inspections
Authors: Cid André , Vangasse Arthur , Campos Sofia , Delunardo Mário , Cruz Júnior Gilmar , Neto Nilton , Pimenta Luciano , Domingues Jacó , Barros Luiz , Azpúrua Hector , Pessin Gustavo , Freitas Gustavo
Published: June 2024

Among the many challenges robots encounter in the mining industry, exploring confined environments receives significant attention. This work tackles problems associated with robot communication in hazardous and confined environments, where its cluttered and extensive nature frequently precludes traditional cable-based and wireless solutions. Our methods resort to off-the-shelf long-range radio frequencies to profile the signal propagation behaviour over the geometrical map to assist navigation algorithms that seek to preserve the connection. We consider mathematical models to predict signal power behaviour and serve as input to path planning. We also propose a semi-autonomous leader-follower scheme, with signal repeater units forming a mobile wireless network to enable inspection in hard-to-reach locations. Finally, we present a multi-robot connection-aware system, combining path planning based on radio signal power with multiple robot navigation. Results show the applicability of the proposed solutions, generating single and multi-robot paths for optimal signal reception based on power estimation, thus enabling operations in remote and isolated areas with no line-of-sight between the command base and the robotic inspection device. Experiments conducted in long corridors and in a representative mining environment using the EspeleoRobô and Pioneer platforms demonstrate significant improvements over the traditional communication methods for robotic operation regarding communication quality and inspection range limits.
Humanoid Robot Motion Planning Approaches: a Survey
Authors: de Lima Carolina Rutili , Khan Said G. , Tufail Muhammad , Shah Syed H. , Maximo Marcos R. O. A.
Published: June 2024

Humanoid robots are complex, dynamic systems. Any humanoid robotic application starts with determining a sequence of optimal paths to perform a given task in a known or unknown environment. This paper critically reviews and rates available literature on the three key areas of multi-level motion and task planning for humanoid robots. First is efficiency while navigating and manipulating objects in environments designed for humans. Here, the research has broadly been summarized as behavior cloning approaches. Second is robustness to perturbations and collisions caused by operation in dynamic and unpredictable environments. Here, the modeling approaches integrated into motion planning algorithms have been the focus of many researchers studying humanoid motion’s balance and dynamic stability aspects. Last is real-time performance, wherein the robot must adjust its motion based on the most recent sensory data to achieve the required degree of interaction and responsiveness. Here, the focus has been on the kinematic constraints imposed by the robot’s mechanical structure and joint movements. The iterative nature of solving constrained optimization problems, the computational complexity of forward and inverse kinematics, and the requirement to adjust to a rapidly changing environment all pose challenges to real-time performance. The study has identified current trends and, more importantly, research gaps while pointing to areas needing further investigation.
An Exploratory Approach of Clinically Useful Biomarkers of Cvid by Logistic Regression
Authors: Guerra-Galán Teresa , Palacios-Ortega María , Jiménez-Huete Adolfo , Guevara-Hoyer Kissy , Cárdenas María Cruz , Villegas-Mendiola Ángela , Mansilla-Ruíz María Dolores , Subhi-Issa Nabil , de la Fuente-Munoz Eduardo , Requejo Pedro Mikel , de la Peña Antonia Rodríguez , Guzmán-Fulgencio María , Fernández-Arquero Miguel , de Diego Rebeca Pérez , Sánchez-Ramón Silvia
Published: June 2024

Despite advancements in genetic and functional studies, the timely diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a significant challenge. This exploratory study was designed to assess the diagnostic performance of a novel panel of biomarkers for CVID, incorporating the sum of κ+λ light chains, soluble B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) levels, switched memory B cells (smB) and the VISUAL score. Comparative analyses utilizing logistic regression were performed against established gold-standard tests, specifically antibody responses. Our research encompassed 88 subjects, comprising 27 CVID, 23 selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD), 20 secondary immunodeficiency (SID) patients and 18 healthy controls. We established the diagnostic accuracy of sBCMA and the sum κ+λ, achieving sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Spe) of 89% and 89%, and 90% and 99%, respectively. Importantly, sBCMA showed strong correlations with all evaluated biomarkers (sum κ+λ, smB cell and VISUAL), whereas the sum κ+λ was uniquely independent from smB cells or VISUAL, suggesting its additional diagnostic value. Through a multivariate tree decision model, specific antibody responses and the sum κ+λ emerged as independent, signature biomarkers for CVID, with the model showcasing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.946, Se 0.85, and Spe 0.95. This tree-decision model promises to enhance diagnostic efficiency for CVID, underscoring the sum κ+λ as a superior CVID classifier and potential diagnostic criterion within the panel.
Syphilis Among U.S.-Bound Refugees, 2015 − 2018
Authors: Fox Shannon , Shah Priti , Hollberg Michelle Russell , Lee Deborah , Posey Drew L.
Published: June 2024

We assessed syphilis screening data from overseas medical examinations among U.S.-bound refugees to characterize seropositive syphilis cases and treatment from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. During this time period, all refugees 15 years and older were required to undergo syphilis screening prior to resettlement to the United States. Of the 160,381 refugee arrivals who had a syphilis screening performed, 697 (434 per 100,000) were diagnosed with any stage (infectious or non-infectious) of syphilis. Among the 697 persons with seropositive syphilis, a majority (63%) were from the Africa region and were male (58%), and 53 (7.6%) were diagnosed with an infectious stage of syphilis. All infectious cases were treated prior to resettlement. This information suggests a comparable risk of infection among U.S.-bound refugees compared to a report of syphilis among U.S.-bound refugees from 2009 to 2013, indicating low rates in this population for at least a decade.
Development of smoothed seismicity models for seismic hazard assessment in the Red Sea region
Authors: Abdalzaher Mohamed S. , Moustafa Sayed S. R. , Yassien Mohamed
Published: June 2024

The Red Sea region, situated between the Arabian and African Plates, experiences significant seismic activity due to its tectonic dynamics, with earthquakes ranging from minor to potentially destructive events. This study aims to develop smoothed seismicity models for the region by using an enhanced seismic catalog specific to the Red Sea. This facilitates a detailed spatial and temporal analysis of seismic events, focusing on seismic source characterization essential for probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. A rigorous declustering method excludes foreshocks and aftershocks, focusing on independent seismic events. The analysis uses a spatial grid (0.1$$^{\circ }$$

∘

cells in latitude and longitude) to determine seismic event rates, which are then refined using various smoothing techniques. Special attention is given to seismic activity within 0–35 kms of depth, leading to distinct rate models that inform urban development and seismic hazard mitigation strategies in the Red Sea area. These models are crucial for improving resilience, safety, and informed decision-making for urban planning and disaster preparedness, addressing the challenges posed by the region’s tectonic and seismic complexities.
On losing certainty
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: June 2024

This paper develops a phenomenological account of what it is to lose a primitive and pervasive sense of certainty. I begin by considering Wolfgang Blankenburg’s descriptions of losing common sense or natural self-evidence. Although Blankenburg focuses primarily on schizophrenia, I note that a wider range of phenomenological disturbances can be understood in similar terms—one loses something that previously operated as a pre-reflective, unquestioned basis for experience, thought, and practice. I refer to this as the loss of certainty. Drawing upon and integrating themes in the work of Wittgenstein and Husserl, I propose that losses of certainty centrally involve the inability to tolerate a certain kind of uncertainty. The contrast between having and lacking certainty is to be construed in terms of differing patterns or styles of nonlocalized, practical, bodily anticipation. I conclude by showing how this conception enables us to better understand various different disturbances to which human experience is susceptible.
Stable acceptance for mighty knowledge
Authors: Hawke Peter
Published: June 2024

Drawing on the puzzling behavior of ordinary knowledge ascriptions that embed an epistemic (im)possibility claim, we tentatively conclude that it is untenable to jointly endorse (i) an unfettered classical logic for epistemic language, (ii) the general veridicality of knowledge ascription, and (iii) an intuitive ‘negative transparency’ thesis that reduces knowledge of a simple negated ‘might’ claim to an epistemic claim without modal content. We motivate a strategic trade-off: preserve veridicality and (generalized) negative transparency, while abandoning the general validity of contraposition. We criticize various approaches to incorporating veridicality into domain semantics, a paradigmatic ‘information-sensitive’ framework for capturing negative transparency and, more generally, the non-classical behavior of sentences with epistemic modals. We then present a novel information-sensitive semantics that successfully executes our favored strategy: stable acceptance semantics, extending a vanilla bilateral state-based semantics for epistemic modals with a knowledge operator loosely inspired by the defeasibility theory of knowledge.
eGovernment Implementation in Italy. Regional Index for NRRP Goals Evaluation
Authors: Traversa Susanna , Ivaldi Enrico
Published: June 2024

The rapid acceleration of digitalization in response to the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic in 2020 has necessitated the development of policy strategies to manage the new phase of digital transition. The public sector has been particularly impacted during critical pandemic phases, requiring the assurance of uninterrupted essential service delivery to citizens. Despite eGovernment being recognized as a crucial element for digital recovery and innovation by European institutions, there is a need to consider the potential distortive impact of poorly informed digital policies, which could worsen existing territorial inequalities and hamper national economic resilience, as exemplified in the case of Italy. To address this, the present study proposes the creation of a regional eGovernment indicator based on the recovery and resilience goals outlined in M1C1 of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan. This indicator identifies primary functional objectives for the digital transition in Public Administration. The methodology for synthesizing the indicator utilizes the Peña distance method, providing a more robust measurement compared to techniques found in the literature. Additionally, it enables the production of a spatial and temporal comparison of regional performance, offering policymakers a tailored tool to monitor recovery performance at the regional level. The indicator underscores a significant digital divide between northern and southern Italy, highlighting regions like Lazio that exhibit opposing trends compared to their respective macro-areas.
The Dispersion Relation for Waves in a Magnetic Flux Tube
Authors: Roberts B.
Published: June 2024

A recent discussion (Yelagandula, 2023) of waves in a magnetic flux tube questions the use of the normal velocity continuity condition in the derivation of the standard dispersion relation. We re-assert this condition here.
Environmental pollution effect on honey bees and their derived products: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Margaoan Rodica , Papa Giulia , Nicolescu Alexandru , Cornea-Cipcigan Mihaiela , Kösoğlu Mustafa , Topal Erkan , Negri Ilaria
Published: June 2024

Several factors, including environmental degradation, air pollution, intense urbanization, excessive agriculture, and climate change, endanger the well-being of animals and plants. One of the major issues with an increasingly negative impact is agricultural contamination with pesticides and antibiotics. Seed coatings with neonicotinoid insecticides used as a protective layer against pests are shown to exceed the permissible limits in most cases. Neonicotinoid compounds bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, therefore affecting the honey bees’ brain. Heavy metals in higher concentrations are lethal for honey bees, and the residue in bee products might pose a threat to human health. Highly effective acaricides used to treat Varroa destructor infestations in honey bee colonies have negative effects on honey bee reproduction, olfaction, and honey production. Furthermore, amitraz and fluvalinate are mostly found in the highest amounts and lead to decreased honey production and reduced colony reproduction, along with decreased learning ability and memory. However, scientific studies have shown that honey bees act as a reliable bio-indicator of environmental pollution. In response to the growing demand for bee products, the effects of adulteration and improper storage conditions have gotten worse and represent a new risk factor. In light of the shifting global economy, it is important to analyze consumer expectations and adjust manufacturing accordingly. By ensuring the manufacture of high-quality, traceable products devoid of drug residues, consumers will be better protected from subsequent health problems. This review’s objectives are based on the necessity of identifying the risks associated with honey bees and bee products.

Graphical abstract
Effective removal of acetamiprid and eosin Y by adsorption on pristine and modified MIL-101(Fe)
Authors: Sakr Mohamed , Adly Mina Shawky , Gar Alalm Mohamed , Mahanna Hani
Published: June 2024

In this work, the efficacy of two metal–organic frameworks (MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe)) in eliminating acetamiprid (ATP) insecticide and eosin Y (EY) dye from aqueous solution is tested. An analysis was conducted on the developed nanocomposite’s optical, morphological, and structural characteristics. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, reusability, and mechanisms for ATP and EY dye removal were assessed. NH2-MIL-101(Fe) adsorbed 76% and 90% of ATP pesticide and EY dye, respectively after 10 to 15 min in optimum conditions. For both adsorbents, with regard to explaining the isotherm data, the Langmuir model offered the most accurate description. Moreover, the adsorption of ATP and EY dye is described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of ATP and EY dye on MIL-101(Fe) were 57.6 and 48.9 mg/g compared to 70.5 and 97.8 mg/g using NH2-MIL-101(Fe). The greatest amount of ATP and EY dye clearance was obtained at a neutral medium for both adsorbents. The results of this investigation demonstrate the effectiveness of MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as effective substances in the adsorption process for removing pesticides and dyes from aqueous solution.
Deep learning–based prediction of compressive strength of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete
Authors: Tanyildizi Harun
Published: June 2024

The greenhouse gases cause global warming on Earth. The cement production industry is one of the largest sectors producing greenhouse gases. The geopolymer is produced with synthesized by the reaction of an alkaline solution and the waste materials such as slag and fly ash. The use of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete decreases energy consumption and greenhouse gases. In this study, the fc (compressive strength) of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete was predicted by the deep long short-term memory (LSTM) network model. Moreover, the support vector regression (SVR), least squares boosting ensemble (LSBoost), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models were devised to compare the forecast results of the deep LSTM algorithm. The input variables of the models were used as the mole ratio, the alkaline solution concentration, the curing temperature, the curing days, and the liquid-to-fly ash mass ratio. The output variable of the proposed models was chosen as the compressive strength (fc). Furthermore, the effects of the input variable on the fc of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete were determined by the sensitivity analysis. The fc of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete was predicted by the deep LSTM, LSBoost, SVR, and MLR models with 99.23%, 98.08%, 78.57%, and 88.03% accuracy, respectively. The deep LSTM model forecasted the fc of eco-friendly geopolymer concrete with higher accuracy than the SVR, LSBoost, and MLR models. The sensitivity analysis obtained that the curing temperature was the most important experimental variable that affected the fc of geopolymer concrete.
In situ methane enrichment with vacuum application to produce biogas with higher methane content
Authors: Sengur Ozlem , Akgul Deniz , Calli Baris
Published: June 2024

Sludge produced in sewage treatment plants is an important source of organic matter to be used in anaerobic digestion to produce energy-rich biogas. The biogas produced in anaerobic digesters has a critical impact on achieving carbon neutrality and improving energy self-sufficiency. After effective upgrading, biogas can be converted into biomethane with an increased CH4 content, resulting in a higher volumetric energy value. Upgrading biogas to biomethane thus not only improves its energy content but also broadens its potential uses. In this study, it was aimed at enrich CH4 by removing dissolved CO2 from the digestate using a vacuum, leveraging the solubility differences of gases in liquid. In this context, two digesters (R-T and R–C) were operated for 194 days, and the effect of vacuum on in-situ methane enrichment was investigated. The vacuum was only applied to the test reactor (R-T), and the CH4 percentage was increased from 63 to 87, 80, and 75% in the vacuum exposure time intervals of 30, 10, and 5 min, respectively. Extended durations were not tested, as the rate of enrichment decreased sharply after 30 min. The maximum energy requirement of a vacuum application was estimated at 0.124 kWh/m3 methane. Conversely, vacuum application did not cause any deterioration in biogas production, and the methane yields were similar in both reactors.
Mineral composition variation in Boletales mushrooms—indication of soil properties and taxonomic influence
Authors: Niedzielski Przemysław , Siwulski Marek , Szostek Małgorzata , Budka Anna , Budzyńska Sylwia , Krzesłowska Magdalena , Kalač Pavel , Mleczek Mirosław
Published: June 2024

The efficiency of element accumulation depends on numerous factors, where the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil seem to be very important, and the role of taxonomic rank in the accumulation of elements by mushrooms seems to be important. The aim of the study was to compare the mineral composition of 7 species belonging toLeccinumandSuillusgenera, collected between 2019 and 2021 from localizations in the west-central part of Poland. The research aimed to indicate the role of selected soil parameters in stimulating/inhibiting the accumulation of elements by selectedBoletalesmushroom species and to answer the question about the role of species belonging to the genus as an indicator determining the specific mineral composition of fruiting bodies. Soil pH and other soil properties (granulometric composition, organic carbon, degree of organic matter decomposition) may significantly affect mushrooms' mineral composition. Mushroom species belonging toLeccinumgenus exhibited the higher amount of essential major and trace elements than species ofSuillusgenus). It suggests that the affiliation of the studied mushroom species to a specific genus may affect their mineral composition, and the physicochemical properties of the soil may be responsible for the lack of a clear division in the efficiency of element(s) accumulation. Selected species contain high amounts of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn, while others, such as selectedSuillus gravelleifruiting bodies, also contain As and Cd. The results described serve as an introduction to a broader scientific discussion and require many further studies to confirm the role of taxonomic ranks and the influence of soil characteristics on the accumulation of elements by fruiting bodies.

Graphical Abstract
The efficacy of animation and visualization in teaching data structures: a case study
Authors: Kogan Genady , Chassidim Hadas , Rabaev Irina
Published: June 2024

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of an animation and visualization of data structures (AVDS) tool on both perceptions and objective test performance. The study involved a rigorous experiment that assessed the usability, acceptability, and effectiveness of the AVDS tool in solving exercises. A total of 78 participants responded to questionnaires and were exposed to the AVDS tool, after which they completed a performance test, half (39) with the AVDS tool (the experimental group) and half (39) without the tool (the control group). Findings showed that the usability of AVDS was good; the experimental group even perceived AVDS usability as excellent. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitudes toward usage jointly led to positive intention to use the AVDS tool. Furthermore, perceived ease of use was a key factor influencing participants’ intention to use AVDS. In addition, the AVDS system improved test results and provided flexibility in use, enhancing learning experience and performance.
Requirement analysis for an AI-based AR assistance system for surgical tools in the operating room: stakeholder requirements and technical perspectives
Authors: Cramer E. , Kucharski A. B. , Kreimeier J. , Andreß S. , Li S. , Walk C. , Merkl F. , Högl J. , Wucherer P. , Stefan P. , von Eisenhart-Rothe R. , Enste P. , Roth D.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

We aim to investigate the integration of augmented reality (AR) within the context of increasingly complex surgical procedures and instrument handling toward the transition to smart operating rooms (OR). In contrast to cumbersome paper-based surgical instrument manuals still used in the OR, we wish to provide surgical staff with an AR head-mounted display that provides in-situ visualization and guidance throughout the assembly process of surgical instruments. Our requirement analysis supports the development and provides guidelines for its transfer into surgical practice.

Methods

A three-phase user-centered design approach was applied with online interviews, an observational study, and a workshop with two focus groups with scrub nurses, circulating nurses, surgeons, manufacturers, clinic IT staff, and members of the sterilization department. The requirement analysis was based on key criteria for usability. The data were analyzed via structured content analysis.

Results

We identified twelve main problems with the current use of paper manuals. Major issues included sterile users’ inability to directly handle non-sterile manuals, missing details, and excessive text information, potentially delaying procedure performance. Major requirements for AR-driven guidance fall into the categories of design, practicability, control, and integration into the current workflow. Additionally, further recommendations for technical development could be obtained.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our insights have outlined a comprehensive spectrum of requirements that are essential for the successful implementation of an AI- and AR-driven guidance for assembling surgical instruments. The consistently appreciative evaluation by stakeholders underscores the profound potential of AR and AI technology as valuable assistance and guidance.
Selbstsorge als Selbstzweck? Bedeutung und Formen von Selbstsorge in Diskursen über gute Mutterschaft
Authors: Décieux Fabienne , Schmidt Eva-Maria , Zartler Ulrike
Published: June 2024

In diesem Beitrag fragen wir, welche Bedeutung Selbstsorge für Mütter in kollektiven Diskursen über gute Mutterschaft hat und welche Formen der Selbstsorge in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert werden. Infolge neoliberaler Tendenzen wird eine strukturelle Sorglosigkeit deutlich, und es kommt zu Krisen in Arbeits- und Sorgearrangements. Gleichzeitig wird Selbstsorge als Aufgabe etabliert, ohne einen adäquaten Rahmen dafür zu schaffen. Diese Aufgabe betrifft auch Mütter, die jedoch ebenso als hauptverantwortlich für Fürsorge betrachtet und mit Anforderungen der Erwerbssphäre konfrontiert werden. In diesem Spannungsfeld wird Selbstsorge für Mütter komplex und potenziell prekär. Dennoch gibt es bislang wenig empirische Forschungsarbeiten zur Bedeutung und zu den Formen mütterlicher Selbstsorge. Wir adressieren diese Forschungslücke auf Basis von 24 geschlechtshomogenen und -heterogenen Gruppendiskussionen mit insgesamt 173 Teilnehmenden, die in verschiedenen Regionen in Österreich durchgeführt und mit rekonstruktiven Methoden analysiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Selbstsorge für Mütter als Zugeständnis konstruiert wurde und zwei Formen mütterlicher Selbstsorge im Fokus der Diskussionen standen: Erstens die Selbstsorge in Form von Zeit zur Reproduktion des fürsorglichen Selbst; zweitens die Selbstsorge in Form von Erwerbsarbeit zur materiellen Existenzsicherung. Beide Formen der Selbstsorge sind prekär, da sie eine Verpflichtung zur Selbstsorge seitens der Mütter beinhalten mit dem Ziel der Aufrechterhaltung optimaler Fürsorge und der Gemeinschaft nicht zu Last zu fallen. Selbstsorge dient als Stütze traditioneller familialer und gesellschaftlicher Arbeits- und Sorgearrangements, sie stabilisiert so die bestehende strukturelle Sorglosigkeit.
Mathematik-Fortbildungen in Präsenz und digital: Strukturierung, effektive Fortbildungsbestandteile und verwendete Moderationsstrategien durch Fortbildner:innen-Tandems
Authors: Pöhler-Friedrich Birte , Rösken-Winter Bettina , Shure Victoria
Published: June 2024

In den letzten Jahren wurden vermehrt Online-Fortbildungen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkungen untersucht und positive Effekte des digitalen Formats ausgemacht. Wenig empirische Evidenz gibt es dafür, wie sich digitale und Präsenz-Fortbildungen in Bezug auf ihre konkrete Durchführung unterscheiden. Im Beitrag werden acht videographierte Fortbildungen einer Fortbildungsreihe, die durch zwei Fortbildner:innen-Tandems in Präsenz und digital durchgeführt wurden, untersucht. Dabei werden Phasierung und Strukturierung der Fortbildungen sowie Moderationsstrategien analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die beiden Formate in vielen Aspekten nicht unterscheiden. Allerdings bleibt im digitalen Format weniger Zeit für die Durchführung von Aktivitäten sowie Diskussionen, da mehr Zeit für technische Erläuterungen aufgewendet wird. In den Präsenz-Fortbildungen wurden die Lehrkräfte tendenziell stärker unterstützt, kooperierten eher miteinander und Feedback- sowie Reflexionsphasen wurde mehr Zeit eingeräumt. Für die Moderationsstrategien konnten keine Unterschiede, aber ein stabiler Trend ausgemacht werden: Eher wurden Beiträge von Lehrkräften eingefordert, statt eigene Beiträge in die Diskussion einzubringen. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse dahingehend, wie Fortbildner:innen fachdidaktischer Fortbildungen auf digitale Formate vorbereitet werden können.
Surgical gestures to evaluate apical dissection of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Otiato Maxwell X. , Ma Runzhuo , Chu Timothy N. , Wong Elyssa Y. , Wagner Christian , Hung Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

Previously, our group established a surgical gesture classification system that deconstructs robotic tissue dissection into basic surgical maneuvers. Here, we evaluate gestures by correlating the metric with surgeon experience and technical skill assessment scores in the apical dissection (AD) of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Additionally, we explore the association between AD performance and early continence recovery following RARP. 78 AD surgical videos from 2016 to 2018 across two international institutions were included. Surgeons were grouped by median robotic caseload (range 80–5,800 cases): less experienced group (< 475 cases) and more experienced (≥ 475 cases). Videos were decoded with gestures and assessed using Dissection Assessment for Robotic Technique (DART). Statistical findings revealed more experienced surgeons (n = 10) used greater proportions of cold cut (p = 0.008) and smaller proportions of peel/push, spread, and two-hand spread (p < 0.05) than less experienced surgeons (n = 10). Correlations between gestures and technical skills assessments ranged from − 0.397 to 0.316 (p < 0.05). Surgeons utilizing more retraction gestures had lower total DART scores (p < 0.01), suggesting less dissection proficiency. Those who used more gestures and spent more time per gesture had lower efficiency scores (p < 0.01). More coagulation and hook gestures were found in cases of patients with continence recovery compared to those with ongoing incontinence (p < 0.04). Gestures performed during AD vary based on surgeon experience level and patient continence recovery duration. Significant correlations were demonstrated between gestures and dissection technical skills. Gestures can serve as a novel method to objectively evaluate dissection performance and anticipate outcomes.
Perspektivenwechsel
Authors: Bauer Petra , Weinhardt Marc
Published: June 2024

Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert die zunehmende Bedeutung einer staatlichen Anerkennung für (potenzielle) Studierende und Absolvent_innen einschlägiger Studiengänge der Erziehungswissenschaft mit sozialpädagogischen Schwerpunkten. Hierzu wird zunächst die Rolle der staatlichen Anerkennung bei der Regulierung des Berufszugangs erörtert und im Anschluss ein kursorischer Einblick in das Diskurs- und Kräftefeld gegeben, das die Debatte um die staatliche Anerkennung seit den 1970er-Jahren bestimmt. Abschließend werden Optionen für Hochschulpolitik und Studiengangentwicklung vorgeschlagen.
Bedarf und Mangel – Qualifikation und Fachlichkeit
Authors: Lochner Barbara , Thole Werner
Published: June 2024

Der einleitende Beitrag zu dem Themenschwerpunkt „Bedarf und Mangel“ nimmt den Befund einer Diskrepanz zwischen benötigtem und verfügbarem Fachpersonal mit einschlägiger Qualifizierung in den Handlungsfeldern der Sozialen Arbeit als Ausgangspunkt einer Spurensuche. Im Schwerpunkt wird erstens diskutiert, wie der zunehmende Bedarf an fachlich qualifizierten Mitarbeiter_innen verstanden und reflektiert werden kann und welche gesellschaftlichen Bedarfskonstruktionen dem diagnostizierten Mangel zugrunde liegen. Zweitens wird ein Blick auf den Stand und die Ursachen des Fachkräftemangels in sozialen Dienstleitungsberufen geworfen. Drittens wird exemplarisch der Frage nachgegangen, wie dem Bedarf begegnet werden kann.
The End of Inclusive Resettlement: Experiencing Unaffordability within State Housing Programmes in Salé, Morocco
Authors: Beier Raffael
Published: June 2024

Since the early 2000s, Morocco’s government is running the Villes Sans Bidonville programme (VSBP) as a literal reference to international policy claims for Cities Without Slums. Initially and in contrast to past, unsuccessful attempts to eradicate the country’s bidonvilles, more inclusive resettlement schemes – participatory and affordable for all – should help to avoid that residents resell resettlement housing and move back to bidonvilles. However, this article shows that with the advancement of VSBP, more recent resettlement has become authoritarian, exclusionary, and unaffordable again. Large numbers of low-income households of one of Rabat/Salé’s last bidonvilles are effectively excluded from accessing resettlement housing, because they cannot afford the construction of a house on their assigned resettlement plot. For many, reselling their plot is the only option to access alternative housing after displacement. Building on narrative and biographic interviews with displaced former bidonville residents who are not living at the resettlement site, this article looks at how displaced bidonville dwellers cope with housing unaffordability. Where do people move why if affordable informal housing is demolished and state-subsidised alternatives are inaccessible? The results show how unaffordable resettlement schemes divide established bidonville communities, leaving the most vulnerable residents behind. Furthermore, they highlight people’s severe constraints, struggles, and uncertainties in seeking to achieve decent residential stability outside stressful rental accommodation.
Culinary continuity in central Japan across the transition to agriculture
Authors: Lundy Jasmine , Bondetti Manon , Lucquin Alexandre , Talbot Helen M. , Murakami Natsuki , Nakayama Seiji , Harada Motoki , Suzuki Miho , Endo Eiko , Stevens Chris , Crema Enrico R. , Craig Oliver E. , Shoda Shinya
Published: June 2024

Rice and millet arrived in Western Japan from Korea around 3,000 years ago and spread eastwards across the archipelago in the next 700 years. However, the extent to which agriculture transformed traditional Jōmon hunter-gatherer-fisher communities is debated. Central Japan is a key area of study as remodelling of radiocarbon dates shows a slowdown in the dispersal rate of rice agriculture in this area. Here, we examine and compare the use of pottery by Final Jōmon and Early to Middle Yayoi communities in the Tōkai and the Central Highland regions of central Japan, using lipid residue analysis. Although the identification of specific biomarkers for rice remains elusive, an increase in the ratio of E/H C18 APAAs with the arrival of rice and millet indicates a potential change in plant processing and consumption. We were also able to identify biomarkers for broomcorn millet (miliacin) in both Final Jōmon and Yayoi pottery. However, evidence for millet consumption is sparse and in all cases was likely mixed with wild hunted and foraged foods. We conclude therefore that, despite the introduction of rice and millet agriculture in central Japan, pre-existing diets and culinary habits of Jōmon hunter-gatherers remain important.
Efficacy of immunotherapy in ARID1A-mutant solid tumors: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Hai , Sun Dantong , Song Shanai , Niu Yurong , Zhang Yuming , Lan Hongwei , Cui Jiali , Liu Houde , Liu Ning , Hou Helei
Published: June 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially those targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have introduced a new treatment landscape for many types of tumors. However, they only achieve a limited therapeutic response. Hence, identifying patients who may benefit from ICIs is currently a challenge.

Methods

47 tumor patients harboring ARID1A mutations were retrospectively studied. The genomic profiling data through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and relevant clinical information were collected and analyzed. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis of the expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration levels was conducted in ARID1A-mutant gastric cancer (GC).

Results

ARID1A mutations frequently co-occur with mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR)-associated genes. Among the 35 ARID1A-mutant patients who received immunotherapy, 27 were evaluable., with the objective response rate (ORR) was 48.15% (13/27), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 92.59% (25/27). Moreover, survival assays revealed that ARID1A-mutant patients had longer median overall survival (mOS) after immunotherapy. In ARID1A-mutated GC patients, receiving ICIs treatment indicated longer progressive-free survival (PFS). Additionally, the incidence of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H) and Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) infection was elevated. Bioinformatic analysis showed significant enrichment of immune response and T cell activation pathway within differentially expressed genes in ARID1A-mutant GC group. Finally, ARID1A mutations status was considered to be highly correlated with the level of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and high expression of immune checkpoints.

Conclusions

Patients with tumors harboring ARID1A mutations may achieve better clinical outcomes from immunotherapy, especially in GC. ARID1A mutations can lead to genomic instability and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which can be used as a biomarker for immunotherapy.
Kognitives Potenzial deutscher Abituraufgaben
Authors: Frenken Lena , Klinger Marcel , Greefrath Gilbert , Barzel Bärbel
Published: June 2024

Die Frage nach den Anforderungen in Abiturprüfungen in Mathematik wird immer wieder kontrovers diskutiert. Dabei stehen oft konkrete Aufgabenstellungen im Fokus. Mit der hier vorgelegten Studie möchten wir einen Beitrag leisten, diese Diskussion durch eine systematische Analyse von Abituraufgaben zu fundieren. Leitend ist dabei die Frage nach dem kognitiven Potenzial der Aufgaben mit Blick auf die allgemeinen mathematischen Kompetenzen, die tangierten Grundvorstellungen und die verwendeten technischen Hilfsmittel.

Betrachtet wurden vierzehn Abituraufgaben mit 203 bewerteten Arbeitsaufträgen aus dem Aufgabenpool des Instituts für Qualitätsentwicklung im Bildungswesen (IQB), in dem exemplarische Abituraufgaben im Rahmen des Zentralabiturs als Orientierung öffentlich zur Verfügung stehen. Konkret wurden Analysis-Aufgaben aus den Jahren 2020 und 2021 in die Studie einbezogen. Für die Analyse wurde ein Kodiermanual auf der Grundlage des COACTIV-Manuals entwickelt und um Analysekriterien mit Blick auf die Mediennutzung ergänzt, das auch zukünftig als Instrument für Prozesse der Aufgaben- und Qualitätsentwicklung in der Sekundarstufe II genutzt werden kann.

Als Ergebnis der Studie lässt sich ein generell niedriges Niveau hinsichtlich des kognitiven Potenzials in allen untersuchten allgemeinen mathematischen Kompetenzen wie dem Argumentieren, Problemlösen, Modellieren oder Kommunizieren (als Verfassen von Text) konstatieren. Auch Grundvorstellungen werden nur wenig durch die Aufgabenstellungen angesprochen. Es bestehen kaum Unterschiede zwischen den Aufgaben mit unterschiedlichen Hilfsmitteln (Computeralgebra (CAS) und wissenschaftlicher Taschenrechner), wobei gerade die Potenziale von CAS nur wenig ausgenutzt werden. Diese Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und in Hinblick auf eine Weiterentwicklung von Abituraufgaben eingeordnet.
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)-based robot localization and navigation algorithm
Authors: Qiao Junfu , Guo Jinqin , Li Yongwei
Published: June 2024

This research paper presents a comprehensive study of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for robot localization and navigation in unknown environments. The SLAM algorithm is a widely used approach for building a map of an environment and estimating the robot’s position within it, which is especially useful in dynamic and unstructured environments. The paper discusses various SLAM techniques, including the Kalman filter (KF) and GraphSLAM algorithms, and their use in probabilistic estimation of the robot’s position and orientation. The paper also explores different path-planning techniques that can be used with the map created by the SLAM algorithm to generate collision-free paths for the robot to navigate toward its goal. The paper also discusses recent advances in deep learning-based SLAM algorithms and their applications in indoor navigation with ORB and RGB-D cameras. The research concludes that SLAM-based robot localization and navigation algorithms are a promising approach for robots navigating in unstructured environments and present various opportunities for future research.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition method based on multi-feature fusion and biaffine
Authors: Ke Xiaohua , Wu Xiaobo , Ou Zexian , Li Binglong
Published: June 2024

Chinese Named Entity Recognition (CNER) focuses on precisely identifying predefined structural categories in unstructured Chinese text. Most existing CNER models do not consider the unique glyph and pinyin features of Chinese characters, but the rich semantic features hidden behind these features have a good effect on enhancing the judgment ability of language models. At the same time, it is difficult to identify the boundaries of Chinese nested entities, and accurately identifying the boundaries of entities within nested entities is also a difficult problem to solve. We propose a CNER method based on multi-feature fusion technology and biaffine mechanism to address the above issues: In the input representation layer, integrate the glyph and pinyin features of Chinese characters together, intuitively capturing the semantics of Chinese characters. Furthermore, biaffine mechanism has been introduced to provide a comprehensive view of the input on a global scale. This mechanism effectively converts the task of entity recognition into a problem of assigning scores to spans, hence enhancing the precision of identifying entity borders. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the model, a series of experiments were done on three Chinese entity recognition datasets: Resume, MSRA, and People Daily. The experimental results show that the solid boundary can be identified more accurately, and the F1 values of 96.49%, 96.26% and 96.19% are obtained respectively, which has a better recognition effect than the baseline model.
Improving two-layer encoding of evolutionary algorithms for sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Jiang Jing , Wang Huoyuan , Hong Juanjuan , Liu Zhe , Han Fei
Published: June 2024

Sparse large-scale multiobjective problems (LSMOPs) are characterized as an NP-hard issue that undergoes a significant presence of zero-valued variables in Pareto optimal solutions. In solving sparse LSMOPs, recent studies typically employ a specialized two-layer encoding, where the low-level layer undertakes the optimization of zero variables and the high-level layer is in charge of non-zero variables. However, such an encoding usually puts the low-level layer in the first place and thus cannot achieve a balance between optimizing zero and non-zero variables. To this end, this paper proposes to build a two-way association between the two layers using a mutual preference calculation method and a two-way matching strategy. Essentially, the two-way association balances the influence of two layers on the encoded individual by relaxing the control of the low-level layer and enhancing the control of the high-level layer, thus reaching the balance between the optimizations of zero and non-zero variables. Moreover, we propose a new evolutionary algorithm equipped with the modules and compare it with several state-of-the-art algorithms on 32 benchmark problems. Extensive experiments verify its effectiveness, as the proposed modules can improve the two-layer encoding and help the algorithm achieve superior performance on sparse LSMOPs.
Advances in cavity-enhanced methods for high precision molecular spectroscopy and test of fundamental physics
Authors: Gianfrani L. , Hu S.-M. , Ubachs W.
Published: June 2024

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopic techniques are highly sensitive laser-based methods for interrogating the atomic and molecular constituents of any gaseous medium that is confined into an optical resonator. A first advantage over conventional absorption spectroscopy comes from the extremely long path length of the laser radiation inside the stable, high-finesse, optical cavity, which allows the sample to be probed over several tens of kilometers. After more than 30 years of research and development, techniques like cavity ring-down spectroscopy, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, and noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical-heterodyne molecular spectroscopy, have reached extraordinary levels of detection sensitivity, such that it is possible to measure light absorption from molecules in trace amounts or extremely weak spectral lines of more abundant species. A second advantage of the use of high-finesse cavities lies in the power amplification achieved inside the optical resonator, making it possible to saturate even weak transitions, thus reducing the width of spectral lines by some three orders of magnitude. Combining these methods with frequency comb technologies has further enhanced their capabilities, adding metrology-grade qualities to spectroscopic determinations such as transition frequencies of molecular resonances, which can be measured with sub-kHz accuracy. In this review article, we discuss the current status of highly precise and highly sensitive laser spectroscopy for fundamental tests and measurements. We describe state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and their application to a few selected molecules of fundamental importance in understanding quantum chemistry theories or testing quantum electrodynamics.
A comprehensive analysis of high-temperature material extrusion 3D printing parameters on fracture patterns and strength of polyetheretherketone cranial implants
Authors: Sonaye Surendrasingh Y. , Mack Jason P. , Tan Kwek-Tze , Owusu-Danquah Josiah S. , Sikder Prabaha
Published: June 2024

A polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cranial implant is one of the most well-known polymeric implants used in cranioplasty. However, most off-the-shelf PEEK cranial implants are developed by molding and then sized into the patient's defect anatomy by machining, which is time-consuming and capital-intensive. On the contrary, 3D printing, specifically material extrusion, can develop patient-specific cranial implants that precisely fit the defect anatomy, ensuring stable fixation and restoring esthetic cranial symmetry. However, 3D printing high-quality, mechanically robust PEEK implants are challenging due to the high thermal processing conditions required for PEEK printing, its high melt viscosity, and its susceptibility to incomplete crystallization. If appropriately attuned, an optimized set of 3D printing conditions can yield high-quality patient-specific PEEK cranial implants with clinically relevant mechanical properties. Hence, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of essential 3D printing conditions on cranial implants' material and mechanical properties. Specifically, we varied critical 3D printing material extrusion parameters, such as build orientation, nozzle, bedplate, chamber temperature, and print speed, and analyzed their effect on the implants' impact strength. We also used microscopy and Finite Element Analysis to understand the implants' fracture patterns with the impact indentor's impact. Based on our research, we determined an optimized set of 3D printing conditions to yield cranial implants with appropriate impact strength. Our results revealed that specimens printed at 0° build orientation, i.e., parallel to the bedplate, with optimum printing parameters, such as nozzle, bedplate, chamber temperature, and print speed, sustained a peak force of 2034 N. We envision that this study will help implant manufacturers utilize high-temperature material extrusion 3D printing to develop patient-specific PEEK cranial implants with clinically viable mechanical properties.