bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Aided System for Malignant Melanoma Detection
Authors: S S Mrs. Latha , S Harshitha , Preetha N , Yashaswini R , Bharati Nitika
Published: July 2021

Melanoma is one of the skin cancers that attacks the cells of melanocytes that produce skin-forming pigments. In this project a new intelligent method of classifying melanoma lesions is implemented. The system consists of four stages; image pre-processing, image segmentation, feature extraction, and image classification. As the first step of the image analysis, pre-processing techniques are implemented to remove noise and undesired structures from the images using techniques such as median filtering and contrast enhancement. In the second step, a simple thresholding method is used to segment and localize the lesion, a boundary tracing algorithm is also implemented to validate the segmentation. Then, a wavelet approach is used to extract the features, more specifically Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT).Finally, the dimensionality of the selected features is reduced with Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and later supplied to an Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine classifiers for classification. Incident rates of melanoma skin cancer have been rising since last two decades. So, early, fast and effective detection of skin cancer is paramount importance. If detected at an early stage. Skin has one of the highest cure rates, and the most cases, the treatment is quite simple and involves excision of the lesion. Moreover, at an early stage, skin cancer is very economical to treat, while at a late stage, cancerous lesions usually result in near fatal consequences and extremely high cost associated with the necessary treatments.
Optimizing Sour Gas Qualification Testing: Determination and Verification of H2S Solubility from H2S/N2 Gas Mixtures up to 20,000 psig at 70°F
Authors: Sherar Brent W.A. , Barba Angel , Ellis Peter F.
Published: July 2021

Traditionally, the H2S partial pressure (PH2S) of the gas/hydrocarbon phase has been used as the primary sour severity metric for material qualification and selection under ANSI/AMPP (NACE) MR0175/ISO 15156 guidelines. While the PH2S is appropriate for characterizing low total pressure systems, the strict, or ideal, Henry’s Law approach leads to over estimation of the dissolved H2S concentration (CH2S) for high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells by up to approximately 20 times at 70°F (21°C). Alternatively, the Ensemble Henry’s Law equation corrects for the non-ideal phase behavior of H2S at HPHT conditions and avoids over-estimation of CH2S. Given the industry’s reliance on using thermodynamic models to evaluate sour HPHT systems, an investigation was initiated to determine the accuracy of these model calculations. An empirical program was undertaken to verify CH2S predictions for the H2S-N2-H2O system. Multiple 2.7 L C-276 lined autoclaves were charged with a fixed inventory of H2S in N2 at multiple total pressure steps, with increasing N2 pressure, between 30 psig and 20,000 psig (3 bar and 1,380 bar) at 70±5°F (21±3°C). Per total pressure step, H2S levels in both the headspace gas and liquid phases were measured using common H2S sampling techniques (H2S-specific colorimetric tubes and iodometric titration, respectively), following ANSI/NACE TM0177-2016 guidelines. The results were used to calculate total pressure corrected (apparent) H2S solubility coefficients (AkH2S). Very good agreement was observed between empirically and computationally derived AkH2S values.
Do different relevance attributes indicate the same conservation priorities? A case study in caves of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Maysa F.V.R. , Alvarenga Denizar , Souza-Silva Marconi , Ferreira Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

In the last decade, the scientific community brought to the debate gaps that slow down the advance of knowledge regarding global biodiversity. More recently, this discussion has reached subterranean environments, where these gaps are even more dramatic due to the relict and vulnerable nature of their species. In this context, we tested ecological metrics related to some of these gaps, checking if the biological relevance of the caves would change depending on ecological attributes related to each metric. The study was carried out in caves from southeastern Brazil, located in a region presenting a high richness of troglobitic species restricted to a narrow geographical extent. Thus, we verified: (a) the cave invertebrate communities’ vulnerability with the Vulnerability Index and the Importance Value for Cave Conservation; (b) the distribution and endemicity of the troglobitic species with the Endemicity Index; (c) the phylogenetic diversity of the troglobitic species considering the average taxonomic distinction (∆+), their richness and evenness. We observed a considerable change in the ordering of the caves’ biological relevance according to each tested attribute (index). We discussed how each of these metrics and their attributes indirectly relate to: (a) the preservation and maintenance of the phylogenetic diversity of subterranean communities; (b) the spatial restrictions of different groups, where the greater their restrictions, the greater their vulnerability; (c) the preservation of caves with high biological relevance considering these different attributes together. Thus, we recommend the use of different metrics so that different ecological attributes can be considered, supporting actions that aim to preserve caves in highly altered regions. Finally, we find that the most biologically important cave in the region is not protected (Gruta da Morena cave). We warn that this cave needs to be contemplated by a conservation unit in the region urgently.
A Modified Drake Equation for Assessing Adversarial Risk to Machine Learning Models
Authors: Kalin Josh , Noever David , Ciolino Matthew , Dozier Gerry
Published: July 2021

Machine learning models present a risk of adversarial attack when deployed in production. Quantifying the contributing factors and uncertainties using empirical measures could assist the industry with assessing the risk of downloading and deploying common model types. This work proposes modifying the traditional Drake Equation’s formalism to estimate the number of potentially successful adversarial attacks on a deployed model. The Drake Equation is famously used for parameterizing uncertainties and it has been used in many research fields outside of its original intentions to estimate the number of radio-capable extra-terrestrial civilizations. While previous work has outlined methods for discovering vulnerabilities in public model architectures, the proposed equation seeks to provide a semi-quantitative benchmark for evaluating and estimating the potential risk factors for adversarial attacks.
Cross-modal Perception in Kirundi
Authors: Ahishakiye Emmanuella
Published: July 2021

Languages do not always use specific perception words to refer to specific senses. A word from one sense can metaphorically express another physical perception meaning. For Kirundi, findings from a corpus-based analysis revealed a cross-modal polysemy and a bidirectional hierarchy between higher and lower senses. The attested multisensory expression of auditory verb kwûmva ‘hear’ allows us to reduce sense modalities to two –vision and audition. Moreover, the auditory experience verb kwûmva ‘hear’ shows that lower senses can extend to higher senses through the use of synaesthetic metaphor (e.g. kwûmva akamōto ‘lit:hear a smell’/ururírīmbo ruryōshé ‘lit: a tasty song’/ururirimbo ruhimbâye ‘lit: a pleasant song). However, in collocations involving emotion words, it connects perception to emotion (e.g.; kwûmva inzara ‘lit: hear hunger’, kwûmva umunêzēro ‘lit: hear happiness’). This association indicates that perception in Kirundi gets information from both internal and external stimuli. Thus, considering feelings as part of the perception system.
Use of Analogies in Science Education, a Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Pedro Hernandez , Edinson Espitia
Published: July 2021

This systematic mapping study consisted of tracking the scientific literature that addresses the issue of analogies as a didactic strategy in science teaching. An analogy can be understood as comparing an existing knowledge with a new knowledge to achieve a better understanding of the new knowledge as a result of the comparison of similarities; or in other words, use students' own concepts to introduce new concepts using comparisons between the two. The purpose of this study was to identify, analyze, synthesize and evaluate research works that touched on this topic, with this, to have knowledge about the models of uses of analogies, most used didactic strategies, research methodologies in this field and how to evaluate the learning effectiveness of working with analogies. The methodology that was used is the systematic mapping study; Five questions were posed that guided the information tracking process. Later, the electronic documents in English for the last twenty years were traced in five databases related to the educational field. Finally, it is concluded by responding to the purpose of the study where it is evident that, broadly speaking, the research methodologies in this field are quantitative as well as qualitative, to implement analogies, resources such as images, illustrations, textual indications and audiovisual aids are used, it is usually evaluated the effectiveness of using analogies with multiple choice tests, oral tests of creating analogies by students.
Importance and challenges of neuropathic pain
Authors: Joo In Soo
Published: July 2021

Background: Pain is a complex and subjective symptom frequently encountered in many clinical fields. Acute pain is usually physiological, but chronic pain is a pathological condition that seriously affects the patientsʼ normal daily activities and quality of life. In addition, chronic pain has profoundly detrimental effects on their family and social relationship as well as a national healthcare system.Current Concepts: Neuropathic pain is accompanied by diverse neurological disorders in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuropathic pain is also a type of chronic pain and has mechanisms unresolved completely yet. Despite recent advances in basic and clinical researches of neuropathic pain including an individualized therapy, the treatment has not been satisfactory. Another problem is the increasing prevalence of neuropathic pain because of the rapid increase of the elderly population as in the case of Korea.Discussion and Conclusion: The clinician should be aware of a clinical entity of neuropathic pain to make an accurate diagnosis and to treat the patients more effectively.
Factors Contributing to Increased Patient Waiting Time at Out Patient Department of Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children in Sri Lanka and Strategies to Minimize the Waiting Time
Authors: MDA Krishanth , KES Fernando , DH Liyanage
Published: July 2021

Long waiting time is considered a major issue that affects the performance of healthcare centers. Out Patient Department (OPD) of Lady Ridgeway Hospital (LRH) has lengthy queues at the OPD during the daytime leading to increased waiting time. The objective of this case study was to find the factors leading to increased waiting time and find agreed-upon strategies to minimize it. The increased daily surge of patients, lack of automation, inadequate consultation rooms and doctors, and insufficient laboratory investigation facilities were a few of the major attributing factors for increased waiting time. The factors were prioritized using the nominal group technique and agreed upon strategies were developed to reduce the waiting time with the participation of the health care staff of the LRH.
Experimental study of the efficacy of three inactivated H9N2 influenza vaccines on broiler flocks
Authors: Essalah-Bennani Amal , Bidoudan Yassmina , Fagrach Asma , Balil Hanan , Abderrazak El Khantour , Tligui Noursaid , Nassik Saâdia , Ouafaa Fassi F.
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) H9N2 vaccines containing different virus strains (vaccine A, vaccine B, and vaccine C) on the productivity and immunity of 10 days-old broiler chickens. Two hundred day-old Cobb broiler chicks were divided into eight groups, 25 chicks in each group. Six groups were vaccinated with Vaccine A, Vaccine B, and Vaccine C (2 groups/each vaccine) at 10 day-old, respectively. Chickens of groups 7 and 8 were kept as control groups. One group from each vaccine was challenged at 28 days old with 106 EID50/0.2ml of A/chicken/Morocco/SF1/2016 (H9N2) virus via the oculonasal route. The remaining groups were kept unchallenged to evaluate the immune response. Chicks were sampled each week individually until 42 days old for zootechnical traits and serological evaluation. Two necropsies were done at 5 and 10 days post-challenge (DPC). Lungs and tracheas were collected for histopathology, and the virus shedding was monitored at 5, 7, 9, and 11 DPC by real-time RT-PCR. Results indicated that vaccine B provides significantly better growth performances (P < 0.05), final body weight gain (2689.6 g ± 73.2), and feed conversion ratio (2.10 ± 0.06) when compared to other vaccinated groups. During the challenge (28th -35th days), vaccine B showed a significant increase in antibody titer (26180 ± 1129.1) than other vaccines. In contrast, the vaccine C group had a similar immune response to that of the control group. Both vaccines A and B were able to stop virus shedding by 11 DPC with higher mean Cq values. However, the vaccine C group continued to shed the virus until 11 DPC. Pathological examination of challenged birds revealed lesions predominantly in the respiratory tract. At 5 DPC, fibrinous sinusitis, tracheitis with fibrin plug, pneumonia, and fibrinous airsacculitis were observed. By 10 DPC, the fibrinous inflammation inceased, and only congestion in the trachea, lungs, and sinuses with thickening of air sacs were observed. Histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic tracheitis and congestive pneumonia. Scoring of lesions generally revealed more severe lesions at 5 DPC. Statistical analysis of both macroscopic and microscopic scores showed no significant differences between groups in both necropsies. In conclusion, vaccine B has significantly better seroconversion, better growth performance parameters, and a relatively early stop of viral shedding compared to other vaccines.
PERTUMBUHAN INSTITUSI SOSIAL POLITIK SAMUDERA PASAI, MALAKA, BANTEN DAN MATARAM
Authors: Iswanto Juli
Published: July 2021

The journey and progress of Islam in Indonesia has finally brought about changes in social fields that are different in social construction and encourage political points of view. This development can be seen from the problems of language, teaching, and socio-government. The language change was distinguished by a change in names which were mostly taken from Arabic, such as Abdul, Syah and Malik. Moreover, the pesantren contains about sharia, tashawuf, and development organizations. The presence of Islam in Southeast Asia at that time may not have an impact on the world today. After an episode of workers' resistance in the South China region against the Chief of Hey Tsung (878-889 AD) which killed many Muslims, they began to seek asylum in Kedah (around that time Kedah was remembered as Sriwijaya territory). This paper is of a qualitative type, with a library research approach. The entry of Islam to Indonesia changed the social and political conditions based on Islam as brought by the preachers. Second, the presence of the Islamic kingdom in Indonesia had a great influence on the development and spread of Islam in Indonesia. Third Some of the Islamic kingdoms that contributed to the spread of Islam in Indonesia were the Samudera Pasai Kingdom, the Banten Kingdom, the Malacca Kingdom, and the Mataram Kingdom.
THE ESSAY “CHE-CHE-O”: SEMANTIC RESOURCES OF THE AVANTEXT
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Aleynikov Oleg Yu.
Published: July 2021

The urgency of the research topic can be attributed to the acute need to study the literary heritage of A. Platonov and numerous problems related to the theory and practice of scientific interpretation of his works in the light of the latest publications, source discoveries and textual and biographical facts. Of particular importance for the teleology of the writer’s style and the ultra-textual “poetics of revisiting” characteristic of his writing (the term coined by N. M. Malygina) are the works created in transition epochs. The strategies of A. Platonov’s writing as an artist and publicist, realized in the late 1920s – early 1930s in an implicit and open polemic with aesthetic declarations and dogmatic propaganda aims, in modern science are interpreted in various ways, including analysis of the semantic resources inherent in the avantexts. The article deals with the specific features of actualization, selection, comprehension, and editing representation of creative and semantic resources of avantext on the example of the essay “Che-Che-O”, published by A. Platonov in collaboration with B. Pilnyak in a “reassembled” edition, which significantly differed from the original one. The novelty of the article is determined by the proposed approach to the object of research. The study reveals the axiological role of autobiographical discourse for the formation of the avantext and the significance of the “Voronezh text” for the implementation of the final plan. It also discovers the lines of creative attraction, due to which writers with different understanding of the nature of essay writing and possessing personally specific composition techniques could cooperate. The study identifies the most important components of the creative idea, examines the sources reinterpreted by A. Platonov, including the works of A. Bogdanov, investigates the variety and multi-vector nature of discursive practices, compares the semantically significant episodes presented in the original manuscript and in the published text, and analyzes the intertextual connections and their role in different editions of the work.
ASPECTS OF TAXATION OF SO-CALLED PROFIT TAX ESTONIAN MODEL AND ITS IMPACT ON BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT OF GEORGIA
Authors: Shurgaia Paata
Published: July 2021

Existence of investment policy and investments in general play an important role in boosting the country's economy and maintaining the growth trends of macroeconomic factors. The Georgian economy at the policy level determines the need to achieve a large scale of both foreign direct investment and domestic investment. Consequently, the opportunities of the Georgian economy are directly related to the volume of investments, and the volume of investments is conditioned by the existence of an effective and efficient investment climate in the country. Which institutional factor holds the greatest weight in the investment environment? - Tax policy is one of the most important issues among institutional factors. For the reason of economic stimulation and development, Georgian government adopted changes in relation to entrepreneurship activates. Various researches and prognosis were made regarding implementation of so called “Estonian Model” of profit tax by Governmental, Business and Academic bodies. Pre and post reform period arose many questions and the answers are still vague. What contribution was made by the reform for encouragement of the Foreign Direct Investments? How has the labor productivity been increased? How has the reform simplified access to the capital resources? In this research paper the author discusses the Profit tax “Estonian Model” prognosis and expectations as well as analysis of the actual results in Georgia and Estonia. The Author conducts qualitative and critical research methodologies. On the basis of demonstration of the actual circumstances, the reform has been assessed in short and long term perspective.
Distinct evolutions of haze pollution from winter to following spring over the North China Plain: Role of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies
Authors: Song Linye , Chen Shangfeng , Chen Wen , Guo Jianping , Cheng Conglan , Wang Yong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This study reveals that haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) in winter can persist to following spring during most years. The persistence of HPNCP is attributed to maintenance of an anticyclonic anomaly (AA) over northeast Asia and southerly wind anomalies over the NCP. Southerly wind anomalies over the NCP reduce surface wind speed and increase relative humidity, which are conducive to above-normal HPNCP both in winter and spring. However, there exist several years when above-normal HPNCP in winter are followed by below-normal HPNCP in the following spring. The reversed HPNCP in winter and spring in these years is due to the inverted atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia. In particular, AA over northeast Asia in winter is replaced by a cyclonic anomaly (CA) in the following spring. The resultant spring northerly wind anomalies over NCP are conducive to below-normal HPNCP. These two distinctive evolutions of HPNCP and atmospheric anomalies over northeast Asia from winter to spring are attributed to the different evolutions of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the North Atlantic. In the persistent years, warm North Atlantic SSTA in winter maintains to following spring via positive air-sea interaction process and induces a negative spring North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern, which contributes to the AA over northeast Asia via atmospheric wave train. By contrast, in the reverse years, cold SSTA in the North Atlantic is maintained from winter to spring, which induces a positive spring NAO-like pattern and leads to CA over northeast Asia via atmospheric wave train. The findings suggest that North Atlantic SSTA plays crucial roles in modulating the distinct evolutions of HPNCP from winter to succedent spring, which can be served as an important preceding signal for haze pollution evolution over the North China Plain.
Response of particle number concentrations to Clean Air Action: Lessons from the first long-term aerosol measurements in a typical urban valley, West China
Authors: Zhao Suping , Yu Ye , Li Jianglin , Yin Daiying , Qi Shaofeng , Qin Dahe
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The strictest ever Clean Air Action (CAA) has been implemented by Chinese government since 2013 to alleviate the severe haze pollution. The PM2.5 mass concentration was found to be largely reduced in response to emission mitigation policies, but response of particle number concentrations (PNCs) to CAA was less evaluated in the previous studies, which may be largely different from PM2.5 mass due to newly formed particle impacts. In this work, the first in-situ observation of particle number size distributions (PNSDs) during 2012–2019 in urban Lanzhou was used to analyze long-term PNCs variations and CAA impacts. The average number of particles in nucleation (N13–25, particle number in the size range of 13–25 nm), Aitken (N25–100, particle number in the size range of 25–100 nm) and accumulation (N100–800, particle number in the size range of 100–800 nm) modes were respectively 2514.0 cm−3, 10768.7 cm−3, and 3258.4 cm−3, and N25–100 accounted for about 65.1 % of total PNCs during the campaign. K-means clustering technique was used to classify the hourly mean PNSDs into six clusters, and each cluster corresponded to a specific source and influencing factor. The polluted clusters governed the winter PNCs before 2016, and their occurrence was less and less frequent after 2016, which was largely dominated by reduction in primary emissions. However, the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) events to summer N13–25 decreased from 50 % to about 10 % during 2013 to 2015, and then increased to reach around 60 % in 2019. The trends of size-resolved PNCs for each cluster were quantified by Theil-Sen regression. The size-segregated PNCs exhibited downward trends for all clusters during 2012–2015, especially in spring. The annual relative slopes of spring PNCs varied from −54.7 % to −17.2 %, −42.6 % to −14.1 %, and −40.7 % to −17.5 % per year for 13–25, 25–100, and 100–800 nm size ranges, and the reduction in the polluted clusters was much larger than NPF clusters. The ultrafine particle number was increased and the amplitude was much greater during 2016–2019. The annual relative slopes of N13–25 varied between 8.0 % in fall and 135.5 % in spring for NPF cluster. In response to CAA, the increased daytime net radiation, higher ambient temperature and lower relative humidity at noon for NPF events also could partly explain the higher N13–25 induced by the more frequent nucleation events after 2016, especially in spring. The air mass were mainly from the adjacent regions of urban Lanzhou and less affected by long-range transport for NPF events, and the thus particles were not easily grown by coagulation during transport processes, which was helpful for occurrence of NPF events. Therefore, some effective control measures cooperatively controlled particle number and mass should be took for the Chinese megacities.
Intensified modulation of winter aerosol pollution in China by El Niño with short duration
Authors: Zeng Liangying , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Wang Jing , Li Jing , Ren Lili , Li Huimin , Zhou Yang , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a phenomenon of periodic changes in
sea surface temperature in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific Ocean, is
the strongest signal of interannual variability in the climate system with a
quasi-period of 2–7 years. El Niño events have been shown to have
important influences on meteorological conditions in China. In this study, the
impacts of El Niño with different durations on aerosol concentrations and
haze days during December–January–February (DJF) in China are quantitatively
examined using the state-of-the-art Energy Exascale Earth System Model
version 1 (E3SMv1). We find that PM2.5 concentrations are increased
by 1–2 µg m−3 in northeastern and southern China and
decreased by up to 2.4 µg m−3 in central-eastern China during
El Niño events relative to the climatological means. Compared to long-duration (LD) El Niño events, El Niño with short duration (SD) but
strong intensity causes northerly wind anomalies over central-eastern China,
which is favorable for aerosol dispersion over this region. Moreover, the
anomalous southeasterly winds weaken the wintertime prevailing northwesterly
in northeastern China and facilitate aerosol transport from southern and southeast Asia, enhancing aerosol increase in northeastern China during SD El Niño events relative to LD El Niño events. In addition, the modulation
effect on haze days by SD El Niño events is 2–3 times more than that by LD El Niño events in China. The aerosol variations during El Niño events are
mainly controlled by anomalous aerosol accumulation/dispersion and transport
due to changes in atmospheric circulation, while El Niño-induced
precipitation change has little effect. The occurrence frequency of SD El Niño events has been increasing significantly in recent decades,
especially after the 1940s, suggesting that El Niño with short duration has
exerted an increasingly intense modulation on aerosol pollution in China over the
past few decades.
Rethinking the correction for absorbing aerosols in the OMI- and TROPOMI-like surface UV algorithms
Authors: Arola Antti , Wandji Nyamsi William , Lipponen Antti , Kazadzis Stelios , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Tamminen Johanna
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Satellite estimates of surface UV irradiance have been available since 1978 from the TOMS UV spectrometer and have continued with
significantly improved ground resolution using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI 2004–current) and Sentinel 5 Precursor
(S5P 2017–current). The surface UV retrieval algorithm remains essentially the same: it first estimates the clear-sky UV
irradiance based on measured ozone and then accounts for the attenuation by clouds and aerosols, applying two consecutive
correction factors. When estimating the total aerosol effect in surface UV irradiance, there are two major classes of
aerosols to be considered: (1) aerosols that only scatter UV radiation and (2) aerosols that both scatter and absorb UV
radiation. The former effect is implicitly included in the measured effective Lambertian-equivalent scene reflectivity (LER),
so the scattering aerosol influence is estimated through cloud correction factor. Aerosols that absorb UV radiation attenuate
the surface UV radiation more strongly than non-absorbing aerosols of the same extinction optical depth. Moreover, since
these aerosols also attenuate the outgoing satellite-measured radiance, the cloud correction factor that treats these aerosols
as purely scattering underestimates their aerosol optical depth (AOD), causing underestimation of LER and overestimation of surface UV
irradiance. Therefore, for correction of aerosol absorption, additional information is needed, such as a model-based monthly
climatology of aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD). A correction for
absorbing aerosols was proposed almost a decade ago and later implemented in the operational OMI and TROPOMI UV algorithms.
In this study, however, we show that there is still room for improvement to better account for the solar zenith angle (SZA)
dependence and nonlinearity in the absorbing aerosol attenuation, and as a result we propose an improved correction scheme.
There are two main differences between the new proposed correction and the one that is currently operational in OMI and TROPOMI
UV algorithms. First, the currently operational correction for absorbing aerosols is a function of AAOD only, while the new correction additionally
takes the solar zenith angle dependence into account. Second, the second-order polynomial of the new correction takes the nonlinearity in the correction as a function of AAOD
better into account, if compared to the currently operational one, and
thus better describes the effect by absorbing aerosols over a larger range of AAOD.
To illustrate the potential impact of the new correction in the global UV estimates, we applied the current and new proposed
correction for global fields of AAOD from the aerosol climatology currently used in OMI UV algorithm, showing a typical
differences of ±5 %. This new correction is easy to implement operationally using information of solar zenith angle and
existing AAOD climatology.
Surface atmospheric forcing as the driver of long-term pathways and timescales of ocean ventilation
Authors: Marzocchi Alice , Nurser A. J. George , Clément Louis , McDonagh Elaine L.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The ocean takes up 93 % of the excess heat in the climate system and
approximately a quarter of the anthropogenic carbon via air–sea fluxes. Ocean
ventilation and subduction are key processes that regulate the transport of
water (and associated properties) from the surface mixed layer, which is in
contact with the atmosphere, to the ocean's interior, which is isolated from
the atmosphere for a timescale set by the large-scale circulation. Utilising
numerical simulations with an ocean–sea-ice model using the NEMO (Nucleus for
European Modelling of the Ocean) framework, we
assess where the ocean subducts water and, thus, takes up properties from the
atmosphere; how ocean currents transport and redistribute these properties over time;
and how, where, and when these properties are ventilated. Here, the strength and patterns
of the net uptake of water and associated properties are analysed by including
simulated seawater vintage dyes that are passive tracers released annually
into the ocean surface layers between 1958 and 2017. The dyes' distribution is
shown to capture years of strong and weak convection at deep and mode water
formation sites in both hemispheres, especially when compared to observations
in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. Using this approach, relevant to any
passive tracer in the ocean, we can evaluate the regional and depth
distribution of the tracers, and determine their variability on interannual to
multidecadal timescales. We highlight the key role of variations in the subduction
rate driven by changes in surface atmospheric forcing in setting the different
sizes of the long-term inventory of the dyes released in different years and
the evolution of their distribution. This suggests forecasting potential for
determining how the distribution of passive tracers will evolve, from having
prior knowledge of mixed-layer properties, with implications for the uptake
and storage of anthropogenic heat and carbon in the ocean.
СТАТИСТИКА КРЕЩЕНИЙ В ПРАВОСЛАВИЕ ВО ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В КОНЦЕ XIX - НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА
Authors: КУВЕНЕВА В.О.
Published: July 2021

В статье приводятся данные исследования статистических материалов, публиковавшихся в периодическом издании «Владимирские епархиальные ведомости» в период с 1889 по 1905 годы. Статья затрагивает историю развития внутренней миссии Владимирской губернии в цифровых данных. Приводится статистика крещений в православие по годам, классификация принявших крещение по различным признакам. Также даются общие цифры численности миссионеров в губернии и принявших православие.
Introduction: The role of fiction in screenwriting (as) research
Authors: Dallas John Baker Craig Batty and
Published: July 2021

Here the authors discuss the role of fiction in screenwriting practice research. The screenplays

included in the ‘Screenplays as Research Artefacts’ special issue of TEXT present a range of

stories, worlds, characters, visual scenarios and dialogue exchanges that function as vessels for

theories and ideas. These eleven screenplays all use creative practice approaches to research

across a wide variety of discourses. All of the works embrace fiction as an important method to

convey their respective critical concerns, which, the authors argue, evidences an emerging

hallmark of screenwriting (as) research when compared with associated forms in the creative

writing and screen production disciplines: fiction as a staple of its storytelling, creative practice

and research methodology. The authors suggest that the use of fiction to perform research and

present findings illuminates the ways that knowledge can be affective, not merely textual or

verbal, something that is exemplified in the selected screenplays.
The art lovers
Authors: Beattie Debra
Published: July 2021

The feature film script The Art Lovers is the story of the struggles and the triumphs for

an early Australian female artist, the ‘girl sculptress’, as Daphne Mayo was known in

the early twentieth century, at a time when very few women took on this physically

demanding occupation. This excerpt is from that feature screenplay and highlights the

challenges she faced especially as an Australian within a rigid British culture when she

was the only woman studying sculpture at the Royal Academy in London. Daphne

Mayo is engaged in these scenes in a daily prosaic acculturated event, that of a morning

breakfast in a patriarchal London establishment in 1923. The excerpt is inspired by a

story that Daphne herself penned as prose and which was discovered during research

conducted over months in the Fryer Collection of the University of Queensland. The

Fryer holds almost 100 boxes of ephemera, newspaper stories as well as correspondence

to, and from, Daphne Mayo. The nuance of the voices of all three of the lead characters

included in this dramatic recreation, that is to say, those of Lloyd Rees, Vida Lahey and

Daphne, were discovered by listening to the 1960s interviews conducted by ABC

journalist Hazel de Berg. These interviews are lodged in the Oral History Section of the

National Library of Australia in Canberra.
Propuesta y aplicación de un marco para analizar la actuación de los periodistas que conducen debates electorales
Authors: Núñez-Mussa Enrique , Porath William
Published: July 2021

Más allá de la importancia indiscutida que han adquirido los debates televisivos en las campañas electorales alrededor del mundo, este trabajo parte del hecho de que no se ha estudiado suficientemente el rol de los periodistas que los conducen y su incidencia en el desarrollo y contenido del debate. Ante la ausencia de un marco que permita comparar la actuación de los periodistas en diferentes países, proponemos un esquema de 30 indicadores, agrupados en torno a cuatro roles que un periodista puede asumir en un debate, de acuerdo a la bibliografía consultada (Adversario, Estratégico, Perro Guardián y Cívico). Aplicado este esquema a una muestra de siete debates presidenciales que utilizan el formato del “panel de periodistas”, los resultados muestran que la variación más sustancial respecto del uso de diferentes opciones de roles para formular preguntas está dada por la posición en las encuestas de los candidatos interrogados.
TRYPANOSOMA spp. in captive primates in a brazilian zoo
Authors: Jose dos Santos Wesley , Maisa Guiraldi Livia , Dos Santos Paixão Marques Mirian , Fernanda Alves-Martin Maria , Pacheco Sanchez Gabriela , Barbosa da Silva Daniela , Bodelao Richini-Pereira Virginia , Suemi Kurokawa Cilmery , Baldini Lucheis Simone
Published: July 2021

Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma grayi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma vivax. We believe that the low similarity values obtained by sequencing reflect the difficulties in the molecular identification of trypanosomes, which share a large portion of their genetic material; this similarity may also preclude the diagnosis of co-infection by more than one trypanosome species. Thus, our study demonstrates the presence of diverse trypanosomes in primates, which are susceptible to infection by these parasites. Mechanical devices such as windows and bed nets, etc., are required to avoid vector insects in these environments, in addition to preventive quarantining of animals recently introduced into zoos. Therefore, investigation of the parasites in both the animals already residing in the zoo and those being introduced is of paramount importance, although no easy task.

KEY WORDS: Non-human primates; monkey; diagnosis; trypanosomes.
Audit Quality Threatening Behaviours: Perceptions of Auditees
Authors: Sweeney Breda , Pierce Bernard
Published: July 2021

Previous research has found that audit staff engage in audit quality threatening behaviours (QTB). Auditee personnel interact with audit staff during fieldwork, and their perceptions of QTB are reported in this paper. Interview findings reveal that auditees (particularly those with previous audit experience) perceive themselves as being in a position to detect some shortcomings in audit work; however, few consequences were perceived as arising from the behaviours and they reported a general reluctance to report the behaviours externally, should they be detected. Implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed in the paper.
Relationship between Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Ovarian Cancer Staging
Authors: Wahyuni Erma , Hariman Herman , Edianto Deri
Published: July 2021

Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer that occurs in most women. In a 2018 survey by Global Cancer Statistics in 185 countries of all cancer cases, 3.4% were caused by ovarian cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a multifunctional cytokine that stimulates angiogenesis and increases microvascular permeability by binding to receptors located in endothelial cells in blood vessels. Immature platelet fraction (% IPF) is a modern parameter that measures young platelets and reticulation in peripheral blood. The purpose of this study was to look at differences in plasma VEGF and IPF levels between ovarian cancer sufferers and staging of ovarian cancer. This type of research is a cross sectional observational study of VEGF and Ovarian Cancer stage. A total of 18 people with ovarian cancer were sampled before surgery and after surgery an anatomy pathology examination was performed to assess early stage and advanced cancer staging. From 18 patients with ovarian cancer obtained from the early stage ovarian cancer group and advanced stage group. Obtained a median age of 50 (42-63), whereas in the advanced stage group a median age of 51 (19-68) was obtained. There is a significant difference between VEGF levels in early and advanced stage ovarian cancer with a value of p = 0,000. Using the Spearman Correlation test to assess the correlation between tumor size and VEGF levels, p values <0.001 with r = 0.742 were obtained. The conclusion of this research are advanced stage ovarian cancer VEGF is significantly higher P = 0.001 compared to early stage.

Keywords: VEGF, Ovarian Cancer.
Sensitivity Comparison of Different Methods Used for RNA Extraction with Increasing Capacity for the Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dhull Poonam , . Manisha
Published: July 2021

The emergence of a novel corona virus was seen in the human population since December 2019. The Covid-19 is posing a major burden on society. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since spread across the globe. Thus, early and correct diagnosis is very crucial to reduce its spread. So, most sensitive and specific method available to diagnose the Covid-19 is real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). A better qRT-PCR result depends on the quality of the extracted RNA.
Recently, many commercial kits have become available for extraction of RNA from specimens. The goal of this study was to compare robustness or clinical performance of manual kits available to us (i) MDI Viral RNA Extraction Mini-prep Kit and 2 automated extraction systems such as (i) MagNA Pure 24 Roche (ii) Nextactor NX-48 Genolution. We used 48 pre-examined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples with low, medium and high cycle threshold (Ct) values for this study and extraction was done in pooling of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10.
Through this work, we conclude that MagNA Pure 24 Roche and MDI Viral RNA Extraction Mini-prep kit showed better result as compared to Nextactor NX-48 Genolution.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, qRT-PCR, Extraction, Diagnosis.
Жизнь и эволюция идейно-политических воззрений Генри Макнила Тернера
Authors: Шумаков Андрей Андреевич
Published: July 2021

Данная статья является первой в отечественной академической науке попыткой изложения биографии и критического анализа религиозно-политической философии одного из первых и самых известных идеологов черного национализма в США – епископа Африканской методистской епископальной церкви (AME) Генри МакНила Тернера. В данной работе автор рассматривает динамику и причины трансформации его идейно-политических воззрений на протяжении всего периода жизни (1834–1915), предлагая собственную периодизацию. В заключении, помимо всего прочего, делается вывод о причинах современной популярности идеологии черного национализма и лично Генри Тернера в США, которые связываются с циклами развития социально-политической системы. Некоторые источники впервые введены в научный оборот.
Борьба палестинцев за независимость в 1960–1980-е гг.
Authors: Гофман Артем Владимирович
Published: July 2021

Данная статья посвящена становлению палестинского движения за независимость во второй половине ХХ в. Попытки добиться самостоятельности вооружённым путём привели к росту насилия и жёстким ответным мерам израильской стороны. Постепенно упор был перенесён на дипломатию, позволив палестинцам заручиться международной поддержкой, оказав давление на Израиль. Ради этого палестинцы готовы были признать право Государства Израиль на существование и резолюции ООН как базу мирного урегулирования. Это позволило автору прийти к заключению о гибкости палестинской идеологии сопротивления, высоком уровне прагматичности её лидеров.
تحليل محتوى رسائل الماجستير في المناهج وطرائق التدريس العامة بجامعة ميسان للأعوام من 2018 إلى 2020
Authors: الغضبان سلام ناجي باقر
Published: July 2021

تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف على خصائص تحليل محتوى رسائل الماجستير في المناهج وطرائق التدريس العامة للأعوام من 2018 الى 2020، بلغ حجم العينة (41) رسالة في تخصص المناهج وطرائق التدريس العامة، أعدت الباحثة بطاقة تحليل محتوى تضمنت اربعة مجالات ويضم كل مجال عدد من المحاور، وأظهرت النتائج ان استخدام اللغة العربية في كتابة الرسائل بنسبة(95%)،وكان الاشراف المنفرد على الرسائل أعلى من الاشراف المشترك اذ بلغت نسبته (51%) ، وبلغت نسبة الاشراف في تخصص المناهج وطرائق التدريس العامة(44%) وهي أعلى من باقي التخصصات في طرائق التدريس المشرفة على الرسائل،  كما اتضح ان وزارة التربية اكثر الجهات استهدافاً في الرسائل وبنسبة(80%)، وان طلبة المرحلة المتوسطة اكثر الفئات استهدافاً وبنسبة(29%) تليها المرحلة الابتدائية وبنسبة(20%) أما باقي الفئات فكانت نسبتها أقل، وان جنس العينة من الذكور والاناث بلغت (43%) اما الاناث(41%) بينما نسبة الذكور بلغت(16%)، واعتمدت الطريقة قصدية في اختيار العينات بنسبة(61%)، وبلغت نسبة مادتي اللغة الانكليزية والرياضيات (44%) كأعلى نسبة من باقي المواد التي تناولتها الرسائل، وتم استخدام دراسات سابقة عربية واجنبية في الرسائل بنسبة(78%)، واتضح ان منهجية الرسائل في معظمها تجريبية وبنسبة(73%)، وان اكثر المتغيرات التجريبية المستقلة دراسة في استراتيجيات التدريس وبنسبة(93%)، اما اكثر المتغيرات التابعة التجريبية  دراسة هو التحصيل وبنسبة (67%)، وان جميع الرسائل التجريبية اعمدت تصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين، واتضح ان اكثر فروع المنهج الوصفي استخداماً هو المسحي وبنسبة(64%)، كما يلاحظ ان اكثر الادوات استخداماً هو الاختبار التحصيلي وبنسبة(49) مجموع الادوات الكلي، وان (98%) من الادوات هي من اعداد الباحثين، وان في (76%) من الرسائل تم استخدام اداتين، واتضح ان (85%) من الرسائل استخدمت الاحصائيين الوصفي والاستدلالي في معالجة البيانات، كما اتضح ان جميع الرسائل تضمنت مصادر عربية واجنبية.
دور ممارسات التسويق الاستباقي في تعزيز ابعاد ريادة المؤسسات المصرفية/ دراسة تطبيقية في المصرف العراقي للتجارةTBI )) .
Authors: هادي هادي حمد , عبود سليم رشيد
Published: July 2021

يسعى البحث الى بيان تأثير ممارسات التسويق الاستباقي في تعزيز ابعاد ريادة المؤسسات المصرفية بشكل عام والمصارف عينة البحث ( المصرف العراقي للتجارة)، وقد تمثل الهدف الرئيسي للبحث في التعرف على تأثير التسويق الاستباقي بممارساتها   (ابداع المنتج، ادارة المخاطر ، التعرف على السوق، التركيز على الزبائن) واستخدامها من اجل تعزيز وتطبيق ابعاد ريادة المؤسسة المصرفية (التخطيط المسبق، الكفاءة، الفاعلية ) ، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف قد اعتمد الباحث على المنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي لغرض تحليل انموذج وفرضيات البحث وتحديد العلاقات المنطقية بين متغيرات الدراسة ، اذا عد البحث ممارسات التسويق الاستباقي متغيرا مستقلا   (ابداع المنتج، ادارة المخاطر ، التعرف على السوق، التركيز على الزبائن) وتم اعتماد ابعاد رضا الزبائن متغيرا معتمدا ، وقد تم اختيار عدد من المصرف المصرف العراقي للتجارة العامل  في محافظة كربلاء لاختبار هذه الدراسة من خلال استمارة الاستبانة بوصفها اداة اساسية في جمع البيانات المختلفة بالجانب الميداني وشملت  ( 48) فردا  من مديري المصارف واقسامها ووحداتها فضلا عن المقابلات الشخصية.

وقد تم استخدام معامل الارتباط البسيط لقياس علاقة الارتباط بين المتغيرات واختبار ( Z) لاختبار معنوية العلاقة وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد ( Multiple Regression Anlysis) واختبار ( F) لتحيد معنوية معادلة الانحدار كما وتم استخدام ( R2) لتفسير مقدار تأثير المتغيرات المستقلة في المتغير التابع.