bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investing in Study Abroad and Cultural Engagement: A Win-Win for Career Development
Authors: Hubbard Ann , Rexeisen Richard J.
Published: November 2020

This study both supports and expands the growing body of evidence that there are positive career outcomes associated study abroad and cultural engagement.  Consistent with previous studies, study abroad alumni report that their interest in study abroad influenced their choice of college. This intention to study abroad before starting at university is positively related to the career benefit that alumni report deriving from their time abroad.  Dependent measures include work ethic, skills development, and career choices.  The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of our findings for both program development and student engagement in and preparation for study abroad. 

Abstract in French

Cette étude soutient et élargit le corpus croissant de preuves selon lesquelles des résultats de carrière positifs sont associés aux études à l'étranger et à l'engagement culturel. Conformément aux études précédentes, les anciens étudiants qui étudient à l'étranger indiquent que leur intérêt pour les études à l'étranger a influencé leur choix d'université. Cette intention d'étudier à l'étranger avant de commencer à l'université est positivement liée aux avantages de carrière que les diplômés déclarent tirer de leur séjour à l'étranger. Les variables dépendantes comprennent l'éthique de travail, le développement des compétences et les choix de carrière. Le document se termine par une discussion des implications de nos résultats pour le développement de programmes, l'engagement des étudiants et la préparation aux études à l'étranger.
Exploring the Potential of Cultural Drag
Authors: Johnson Martha , Larsen Anders
Published: November 2020

This article illustrates the problematic nature of the use of intercultural, international exchange as the primary or singular mode of understanding the study abroad experience and proposes alternative ways of talking to students about their study abroad experiences. While the focus on cultural exchange may be a practical trope, it creates a clear understanding of them-versus-us in terms of values and behaviors. It also glazes over some central features of the postmodern study abroad experience. We argue that the study abroad can be understood through the metaphor of drag, i.e., the act of putting on a costume and performing an identity. ”Cultural drag” gives students the opportunity to experiment and play with their identity and explore how their privilege may change depending on where and how they present themselves. The article examines the strengths and weaknesses of this metaphor and explores how to advise students so they have an awareness of the role of their body once they enter the experience. Abstract in Danish Denne artikel illustrerer problematikkerne ved at benytte interkulturel og international udveksling som den eneste eller primære måde til at forstå studerendes udenlandsophold. Samtidig foreslår artiklen alternative måder til italesættelse af de studerendes oplevelse.  Branchens fokus på kulturel udveksling er praktisk da det etablerer en modpol de studerende kan spejle værdier og handlinger i. Dog ignorerer dette fokus centrale aspekter af det postmoderne udenlandsophold for studerende. Denne artikel argumenterer at metaforen kulturel drag, altså at iføre sig et kostume og spille en identitet, kan kaste lys på de studerendes oplevelse. Kulturel drag giver de studerende mulighed for at eksperimentere og lege med deres identitet, samt at undersøge hvordan deres privilegier ændrer sig alt efter deres positionalitet og fremtoning. Artiklen undersøger styrker og svagheder ved føromtalte metafor og undersøger hvordan studerende kan rådgives før udenlandsophold så de bliver bevidste om deres krops performativitet.
Cosmopolitanism: Rethinking the Agenda of Education Abroad
Authors: Whalen Brian , Woolf Michael
Published: November 2020

Cosmopolitanism is an ambiguous and inherently paradoxical notion.  Because of the complexities it raises, it generates analyses and discourses that challenge simplistic assumptions embedded in theory and practice of education abroad. Global citizenship, comprehensive internationalization, cultural relativity, immersion, cross-cultural learning, and community engagement are some of the concepts deconstructed through the lens of cosmopolitan ideas and histories. Cosmopolitan philosophies are also of particular and special relevance to student experience in international education.  In short, cosmopolitanism is not one idea but a field of meaning, a cluster of profound propositions that might collectively enrich the curriculum of education abroad.
Moving through Autonomy toward Interdependence: A Framework for Examining Student Perceptions of Development in a Hybrid Model Study Abroad Program
Authors: McCleeary Morgan , Sol Niki
Published: November 2020

Examining how students develop abroad within a given study abroad program model can provide insight into their experiences and how to best support them. This study explores the experiences of students who studied abroad through one of Midwest College’s five hybrid study abroad programs during the 2016-2017 academic year. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine students to determine the participants’ perceptions of their personal development, using Chickering and Reisser’s (1993) third vector of student development, moving through autonomy toward interdependence, as a theoretical framework. The findings revealed that participants perceived they had grown in all three areas of Chickering and Reisser’s third vector: instrumental independence, emotional independence and interdependence, providing new insight and perspective into the growing body of research regarding student development in study abroad program models.
Bernalar dalam Lingkaran?: Menjawab Problem Sirkularitas Doktrin Kesaksian Internal Roh Kudus
Authors: Sulistio Thio Christian
Published: November 2020

Circular Reasoning?: Answering the Problem of Circularity in the Doctrine of Internal Witness of the Holy Spirit
The doctrine of the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit was used by John Calvin to explain why Christians can believe in the Bible as the word of God. However, this doctrine is not free from problems especially related to the problem of circular reasoning, subjectivism, and is considered to ignore evidence and arguments. This paper tries to answer these problems by first discussing the nature and mechanism of the internal testimony of the Holy Spirit. Secondly, it attempts to answer these problems by using the concept of multilevel knowledge and acknowledging the existence of epistemic circularity. With the help of these concepts, the author will show that these problems can be answered well.
Doktrin kesaksian internal Roh Kudus adalah doktrin yang digunakan oleh John Calvin untuk menjelaskan mengapa orang Kristen dapat memercayai Alkitab sebagai firman Allah. Namun doktrin ini tidak luput dari problem khususnya berkaitan dengan problem penalaran sirkular, subyektivisme, dan dianggap mengabaikan peran argumen dan bukti. Paper ini berupaya menjawab problem-problem tersebut dengan pertama memaparkan natur dan mekanisme kesaksian internal Roh Kudus. Kedua, menjawab problem-problem tersebut dengan menggunakan konsep pengetahuan bertingkat dan mengakui keberadaan sirkularitas epistemik. Dengan bantuan konsep-konsep tersebut penulis menunjukkan bahwa problem-problem tersebut dapat dijawab dengan baik.
Managing COVID + ve patients on inpatient adolescent psychiatry unit- A unique challenge
Authors: Taranjeet Jolly  , Emma Batchelder  , Alison Liu  , Daisy Shirk  , Bunty Shah
Published: November 2020

The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on the physical as well as mental well-being of people around the globe. The response to and resulting consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges for patients suffering from mental health disorders as demonstrated by a recent study by Xie et al. examining adult COVID-19 patients admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment for first-episode mental health issues [1]. Children, too, have the potential to experience adverse mental health outcomes due to distress resulting from the pandemic: a study by Jolly et al. examined recently surfacing reports on varied presentations of pediatric patients undergoing hospitalization in psychiatry hospitals in context of COVID-19. One major source of stress is the institution of widespread social distancing practices as schools have transitioned to partial or full-time virtual learning [2]. In addition, extracurricular activities have undergone restrictions or been canceled entirely and in-person contact with peers and other important social supports has been limited. These changes place strain on children which can lead to distress and worsening mental health outcomes [2]. The pandemic has also caused significant economic stress for many families. Increased unemployment, forced changes in interpersonal interactions, the wide-ranging effects caused by the safety measures being taken in response to COVID-19, and even concern over COVID-19-related illness or death itself may directly impact the mental health of children as well as indirectly impacting their mental health due to increased stress experienced by parents and the family as a whole [2]. Moreover, children who become COVID-positive and are subject to specific safety protocols in their care are under additional pressure that can further exacerbate mental health problems related and unrelated to the COVID-19 pandemic. There have been limited studies evaluating the treatment of COVID-19 pediatric patients admitted for the treatment of mental health disorders [3,4]. Here we present two cases of COVID-positive pediatric patients in an inpatient psychiatric facility and how the milieu was changed around them.
Foreword from the President
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2020

As President of Sacramento State, I can confidently say that 2020-21 is officially the strangest year of my career. We have seen disruption in all aspects of our lives, and we have faced unprecedented challenges. At our University, like most educational institutions around the country and the world, Sacramento State transitioned to virtual learning and remote business operations within days once the threat of COVID-19 was apparent to our region. And yet, we have endured. We saw students and faculty pivot to their new reality with grace and determination. Students completed their courses, delivered speeches, and even defended their master’s thesis and dissertations over Zoom. I was, and I remain, awestruck by the resilience I see every day.
La Necesidad For More Latina Superintendents! : An Autoethnographic Account of a Latina Navigating to the Superintendency (Dale, Dale, Dale! A.k.a., The Mexican Piñata song)
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2020

Women in educational leadership positions have to break a glass ceiling to get to the top despite their dominance in the teaching profession and as California educators. Latinas (Latinx women)1 however face far greater challenges, not only does sexism present challenges but so does racism (see Campbell-Jones & Avelar-Lasalle, 2000). The tenacity, strategies and fortitude are more akin to breaking a piñata, much more challenging and with a greater risk than a glass ceiling. Educational attainment, career support, gender and cultural bias all factor into some of the many challenges Latinas face as they aspire to higher levels of educational administration positions. The challenge for Latinas can be greater than for others, however, the journey and lasting effects are worth it, just as the treats that flow from a well-broken piñata, the rewards of holding the position of Superintendent are significant for those that aspire to and accomplish the goal, and are celebrated by those who assist and participate in their efforts. 

This autoethnographic study focuses on the Superintendency from a Latina perspective. The study presents specific insights and lessons learned that can assist Latinas and people of color who are high-level2 and district administrators or those who aspire to the superintendency. There are 1,037 school districts in California (CalEdFacts, 2019), thus the information and lessons learned from my experience may also characterize the superintendency and/or high-level administrative positions. The importance of my experience rests in the fact that while the total number of Latinx administrators comprises approximately only 23% of site and district administrators in California as compared to the majority who are White and comprise approximately 59% (CDE/DataQuest, 2019), equity scholars would find this problematic given that the overwhelming majority of students in PK-12 schools are Latinx.
Brown America: An Acknowledgement of this Nation’s Roots America was, is, and always will be…“brown”
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: November 2020

This concept paper addresses the hyperbole and irrational fear related to the demographic projection often termed as the “browning of America.” The “browning” is a term that refers to a growing “non-white” population in the United States. The case is made for how, from the inception of its creation, the United States culture and society were built upon foundational roots originating from the Indigenous people of the American continent with added elements comprised of many cultures from various regions of the world. Rather than embracing the perspective of a demographic “browning,” the position taken in this paper rejects a white supremacist orientation that negates yet appropriates the contributions of multiple cultures to U.S. culture. 

Examples of how United States language, culture, and customs are derived from various “non-white” cultures and traditions attest to how those descended from the European Diaspora have been assimilated into a pluralistic “brown” worldview. For this reason, the position taken is that the United States always was, still is, and forever will be, “brown.” Yet, the generational trauma held by a significant portion of European Americans and coupled by their dislocation undermines their capacity to experience healthy psycho-social integration. For this reason, this paper touches upon the psychological and sociological etiology of a white supremacist orientation and the cost for the lack of knowledge and attribution to the sources of the unique nature of U.S. culture.
The Effects of Pandemic on Construction Industry in the UK
Authors: Shibani Abdussalam , Hassan Dyaa , Shakir Nehal
Published: November 2020

Pandemics such as: Covid-19 virus have a major impact on the economy of the world and the construction industry has not been exempted. This research investigates the effects of pandemic on construction industry in the UK, and particularly, ways in which the UK construction industry stakeholders such as project managers, contractors, engineers and subcontractors have responded to these pandemics. The research involved a 30 study participants who comprised site engineers, project managers, construction teams, subcontractors and contractors. The findings reported construction companies both dealing with residential and commercial development were major affected by Covid-19 pandemic due to lockdown and social distancing in construction sites. The strategy that was applied by construction companies was maintaining a good relationship with their suppliers and the safety of construction teams. The findings of the research will offer construction companies in the UK insights on how to deal with such pandemics in future to become more resilient.
Geomorphological evolution of the polish part of the Sudetes - a review of results of recent research
Authors: Migoń Piotr
Published: November 2020

This paper presents results of selected geomorphological studies published originally in Poland in the last decade and attempts to show the extent to which they complement or diverge from research carried out in the Czechia. It focuses on long-term landform evolution, the role of planation and differential tectonics, glacial and periglacial processes and identifies the scope for joint research efforts, which ultimately may lead towards a comprehensive, synthetic view of geomorphic evolution of the whole mountain range.
Housing development in Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the 1990's
Authors: Chorvát Tomáš
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with the development and trends in housing development in the town of Banská Bystrica and its surroundings in the last decade of the 20th century, which was the first decade of its post-socialist transformation. At first, the study discusses general sources and conditions of building and housing development in post-socialist cities in the Slovak Republic. The paper is centred on analyses and comparisons of the development of housing in family houses and blocks of flats, on their spatial distribution and on the background of their construction. The author clarifies also causal relationships connected with new tendencies and behaviour patterns of subjects of housing development (individuals, building companies, developers) in the region of Banská Bystrica.
Virtual space in geography
Authors: Siwek Tadeusz
Published: November 2020

Modern people more and more frequently experience imaginary virtual space. Thanks to computers we can not only imagine it now. Virtual world is obviously a topic of fantasy literature but can it be a topic of serious scientific research, too? Yes, it can. Simulations, prognoses and models are undoubtedly scientific tools but they do not represent the real world. One kind of virtual construction is a counterfactual one. It is an alternative simulation of reality. The historical fact is the one that has realized out of many possibilities. One fact even less probable than the others becomes a historic event and it is the only one that is worthy to be a topic of scientific analysis. Many historians are historian determinists - they write about historical events as they have happened. Virtual constructions can be used in advertisement, propaganda, teaching and science (including geography) as well. Several current positions of historical literature evidence that counterfactual analyses are very popular (see examples in the list of literature). Some counterfactual attitudes have been used in teaching at the Ostrava University since 2002. They are: alternative scenarios of development of America in seminars in regional geography and exercises of alternative perception of the problem of Teschen Silesia divided in 1920 between Poland and Czechoslovakia. They are still more topics for virtual or counterfactual analysis in the field of Czech geography, predominantly historical and political geography.
Palaeogeographical development of the Antarctic Peninsula during the late Cainozoic
Authors: Nývlt Daniel , Mixa Petr
Published: November 2020

A geological research programme has been prepared as part of the activities of the Czech Republic to become a full member of the Antarctic Treaty Parties. In this paper, we review the present knowledge of the geological history of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and surrounding areas during the late Cainozoic. Particular attention is paid to James Ross Island, the site of the planned Czech Antarctic base. Glacial sediments older than Late Pleistocene are poorly preserved in and around the AP. The West Antarctic ice sheet is thought to have decayed during the last interglacial (OIS 5e), leaving only local centres of glaciation. Palaeogeographic development since the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20-13.2 ka BP) can be reconstructed with a reasonable degree of confidence. Ice shelves surrounding the AP reached the outer margin of the continental shelf during the LGM. Marine sedimentation replaced till deposition on the outer and middle shelf 11 ka BP, but the inner shelf was not deglaciated before 6 ka BP. Continental glaciers receded mainly during the early Holocene, 9-5 ka BP. Glacier re-advance took place on the AP and adjoining continent at -5 ka BP, but was interrupted by the climatic warming which led to the Holocene climate optimum 4.2-3.0 ka ago. In view of the numerous disintegrations of AP ice shelves during the course of the Holocene, the present decay of some shelves does not represent an unusual event.
A STUDY ON DEPOSITION OF ELECTRODE MATERIALS ON MAGNESIUM ALLOY USING ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE COATING TECHNIQUE
Authors: U Elaiyarasan , V Satheeshkumar , C Senthilkumar
Published: November 2020

In this present research, an attempt has been made to deposit the WC/Cu composite coating on the ZE41A magnesium alloy using electrical discharge coating technique. Tungsten carbide and copper powders with a particle size of 4 μm were used as the electrode materials. Electrodes are prepared in the combination of WC70: Cu30 under different load (150 MPa, 175 MPa, 200 MPa) using powder metallurgy technique. In this experiment, compaction pressure, current and pulse on time were selected as the input process parameters and response were material deposition rate (MDR), layer thickness (LT) and microhardness (MH). From the results, it was revealed that the MDR, LT and MH increase with an increase in discharge current and pulse on time and decreases with increases in compaction pressure. Microstructural evaluation on the deposited surface was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). More prominent craters formed in the deposited region results in the lower surface finish. Energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) test was carried out to confirm the electrode materials deposited on the workpiece surface.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SINGLE AND DOUBLE JOINTED CU-AL BIMETALLIC STRIPS USING FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING PROCESS
Authors: D Karunakaran , VSK Venkatachalapathy
Published: November 2020

Welding is one of the best and quick process to join metals. In modern times, we concern more about environmental hazards due to hazardous gases liberated during conventional welding processes. Fiction Stir welding is a simple process in which a solid metal joint is produced by the heat of friction. In a similar technique, we can make spot welds of similar or dissimilar metallic joints by using Friction Stir Spot Welding. Since there is an absence of any liberation of poisonous gases, this method is safe to the environment and user. In this study, we made a dissimilar lap joint of Copper and Aluminium strips using an H13 steel tool. The pin profile of the tool is based on the thickness of the plate/weld. Weld based process parameters such as tool rotational speed, Dwell time and plunge depth. A lap joint with a desirable overlapping length between friction weld spots is compared and analyzed for mechanical bonding strength for both single and double joints. The results show a considerable increase in tensile strength for double-jointed specimen compared to a single-joint.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LEAF SPRING
Authors: Nagasai B Prasanna , S Srikanth , D Tarun
Published: November 2020

This paper describes the design and experimental analysis of composite leaf spring made of glass fibre reinforced polymer. The main aim is to compare the load-carrying capacity, stiffness and weight savings of composite leaf spring with that of steel leaf spring. The design constraints are stress and deflection. The dimensions of an existing conventional steel leaf spring of a light commercial vehicle were considered for the present work. A traditional composite multi-leaf spring was fabricated with the same dimensions using E- Glass/Epoxy unidirectional laminates. Static analysis of 2D model of conventional leaf spring has also been performed using ANSYS 10 and compared with experimental results. Finite element analysis with a full load on the 3-D model of composite multileaf spring was performed using ANSYS, and the analytical results were compared with experimental
results
Deep Learning Approaches for Object Detection
Authors: Sushma Jaiswal  , Tarun Jaiswal
Published: November 2020

In computer vision, object detection is a very important, exciting and mind-blowing study. Object detection work in numerous fields such as observing security, independently/autonomous driving and etc. Deep-learning based object detection techniques have developed at a very fast pace and have attracted the attention of many researchers. The main focus of the 21st century is the development of the object-detection framework, comprehensively and genuinely. In this investigation, we initially investigate and evaluate the various object detection approaches and designate the benchmark datasets. We also delivered the wide-ranging general idea of object detection approaches in an organized way. We covered the first and second stage detectors of object detection methods. And lastly, we consider the construction of these object detection approaches to give dimensions for further research.
Maximum Allowable Service Pressure for Steel Pipes Used for Transport of Hydrogen Pure or Blended with Natural Gas
Authors: Jamie Kuk Anak Mijim  , Guy Pluvinage
Published: November 2020

The addition of hydrogen in natural gas could have an impact on the degradation over time of the materials currently used for the storage, transport, distribution and use of natural gas. The compatibility of these materials with natural gas including of hydrogen is dependent on the proportion of hydrogen added to the gas and is assessed with regard to several criteria: Permeation of hydrogen through metallic materials; loss of integrity of these materials and adaptation of follow-up actions in service, surveillance and maintenance of equipment. This paper is devoted to the effect of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) by adding hydrogen into natural gas network on design, maintenance, supervision and maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) for smooth and damaged pipes.
Governing Adaptation Strategies of Winter Tourism Destinations in the Context of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: Chen Guangzhou , Peachey Jon Welty , Stodolska Monika , Hooimeijer Pieter , Lin Yanliu
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the successful bid for the 2022 Olympic Winter Games (OWG) contributed to the shifts in governance structure and the resulting influence of the new governance structure on the resilience of winter tourism in Zhangjiakou, China. The literature
on resilience and governance structure was used as the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected by document analysis and semistructured interviews with ski resort managers, tourism planners, and government officials, as well as through focus group discussions with local residents.
The results indicated that, since the bid, the central government has taken over the role of initiator in the governance structure of winter tourism destination in Zhangjiakou. The corresponding adaptation strategies were more effective in dealing with external forces in the short run. However,
these adaptations mainly focused on increasing tourism revenues and preparation for the OWG. They did not necessarily enhance the long-term resilience, as social and ecological sustainability were hardly considered. This study has important implications for leveraging and managing major sport
events. To maximize benefits of major sport events, governments and companies not only need to focus on the success of the events but also need to consider local residents' interests and the sustainability of winter tourism.
Climatic conditions of wind energy use in the Polonyna Borzhava Mountains (Transcarpathia, Ukraine)
Authors: Hadnagy István
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the statistical structure, seasonal peculiarities of wind climate at meteorological station Play (in Ukrainian: метеорологічна станція Плай, location: 48°40’1” N; 23°11’51” E, 1330 m above sea level) located in the Polonyna Borzhava Mountain of the North-Eastern Carpathians. Furthermore, it determines significant parameters of exploiting wind energy. Weibull distribution was applied to determine specific wind power and characterize its annual course. Wind speed was analyzed together with the available daily and yearly course of wind power. Wind power density determined by means of distribution parameters at Play is 169.0 W/m2 and 8.0-9.0 m/s winds yield most energy over the year. The minimum number of energetically utilizable wind hours is in summer, while its maximum is in spring. On the territory represented by the measuring point, a 3 m/s start-up speed wind turbine could operate 63% time over the year. Finally, the periods were specified, and those wind directions were chosen that are richer in wind energy than others. The most frequent characteristic wind direction with the highest mean velocity in each season is south-western; its average relative frequency is 34.4%. Mean speed of characteristic wind directions is 5.8 m/s. South-western wind direction yields 47% of the total energy.
THE TRADITION OF FEEDING PEOPLE IN ASEMBAGUS SITUBONDO (STUDY OF LIVING HADITH)
Authors: Murtini Nurul Budi , Yuhadi Irfan
Published: November 2020

Food amid humans is a great pleasure in the world because food is one of the sources of human life. Allah is the Rabb who gives food to humans to relieve their hunger. Among the characteristics of the occupants of Heaven is that they often feed the needy. Situbondo Regency is located on the north coast of Java, in the Tapal Kuda (Horseshoe) area. This research aims to investigate the motives and concept of feeding other people on Friday, the benefits of feeding people on Friday, and seek for ahadith that advocate feeding others. This research used a qualitative approach with the study of living hadith model. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The motives for feeding people are to get the benefits of sharing food with fellow Moslems, the desire to share, and be part of the social activity. Regular and non-permanent donors support the feeding concept. Food distribution is made every Saturday morning on the east side of Asembagus Great (Jami')Mosque. Food is distributed to farmers, pedicab drivers, waste pickers, and people who could not afford it. (2) The benefits of feeding others are social care, more people, and laypeople interested in joining the study. (3) Several hadith that prescribe to feed other people.
APLIKASI KAIDAH "AL-'ADAH MUHAKKAMAH" DALAM KASUS PENETAPAN JUMLAH DAN JENIS MAHAR
Authors: Saifulloh Kholid
Published: November 2020

Al-'a>dah muhakkamah adalah salah satu dari 5 kaidah fiqh yang memiliki cakupan furu' yang luas yang disepakati oleh para ulama. Kaidah ini dibangun atas landasan adat dan kearifan lokal yang ada pada setiap komunitas masyarakat, dimana adat ini secara kontinu dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa adanya pengingkaran dari mereka, justru individu-individu yang menyelisihi adat tersebut akan dianggap sebagai "orang aneh". Oleh sebab itu, Islam menjadikan adat sebuah komunitas masyarakat sebagai landasan hukum selama memenuhi persyaratan-persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh syariat. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang: (1) definisi kaidah al-'a>dah muhakkamah, (2) syarat-syarat mengaplikasikannya, dan (3) aplikasinya dalam menentukan jumlah dan jenis mahar.Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji sebuah kaidah fiqih dan mengaplikasikannya dalam sebuah permasalahan fiqih sehingga terbentuk sebuah pemahaman yang utuh tentang kaidah sekaligus cara aplikasinya di dalam furu' fiqih. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) bahwa 'a>dahmerupakan sesuatu yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang yang diterima oleh akal sehat dan fitrah manusia, (2) sebuah 'a>dah bisa menjadi landasan hukum apabila tidak bertentangan dengan dalil-dalil syar'i, lebih sering dilakukan daripada ditinggalkan, tidak adanya lafadz dari pelaku 'a>dah yang menyelisihi, dan 'a>dah tersebut harus ada pada saat terjadinya akad, (3) kaidah al-'a>dah muhakkamah dapat diaplikasikan untuk menentukan jumlah dan jenis mahar mis^l, begitu juga mahar musamma yang disebutkan secara mutlaq.
تقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة عند الجفاة في الدفاع عن النبي
Authors: Putra Ali Musri Semjan
Published: November 2020

وقد كثر الجفاء في زماننا بلا تحديد بالأمكنة ولا الأوقات، وكثر المارقون والمنهزمون من المنتسبين إلى الإسلام وغيرهم الذين يستهزئون بتعاليم الإسلام وقيمه وربما بالتطاول على مقام النبوة. وصور الجفاء كثيرة، سواء كانت في الوسائل الاجماعية أو وسائل الإعلام المقروءة والمشهودة أو حديث المجتمعات، وأشدّ جفاءً وتفريطاً في حقوقه  نسبته إلى ما لا يليق بمقام النبوة كالطعن فيه وفي أهله وأصحابه أو الاستهزاء بدينه وسنته . فقام البعض بالدفاع عنه  ولكن في الوقت نفسه لديهم مفاهيم خاطئة ومن هنا لابد من تقويم وتصحيح تلك المفاهيم التي تنتشر في المجتمع المسلم بأدلة من الكتاب والسنة وأقوال سلف الأمة. وسلك الباحث في إعداد هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والاستنباطي من خلال النصوص الشرعية من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية ثم الرجوع إلى المراجع والمصادر الإسلامية التي لها علاقة بموضوع البحث. قد تناول الباحث نماذج من المفاهيم الخطئة عند الجفاة في الدفاع عن النبي ، منها: الدفاع مع ترك طاعته ، الدفاع بوضع الأحاديث المكذوبة عليه، الدفاع مع بغض آل بيته  الأطهار، الدفاع مع سبّ أصحابه  الأبرار، الدفاع مع تنقصه  أو تفضيل غيره من البشر عليه. ومن هنا لابد من تنبيه المسلمين وتذكيرهم في تلك المسائل حتى يسلكون المنهج الصحيح والصراط المستقيم في الدفاع عن النبي
Lietuvos suaugusiųjų cistinės fibrozės diagnostikos, gydymo ir pagalbos organizavimo sutarimas
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis , Sakalauskas Raimundas , Danila Edvardas , Zablockis Rolandas , Jievaltas Mindaugas , Kupčinskas Limas , Valantinas Jonas , Serapinas Danielius , Vitkauskienė Astra
Published: November 2020

TURINYS 1. Įžanga 2. Diagnostika 3. Gydymas 3.1. Antibakterinis gydymas 3.2. Bronchų drenažo gerinimas 3.3. Bronchus plečiantys vaistai 3.4. Vaistai nuo uždegimo 3.5. Skiepijimas 3.6. Mityba 3.7. Gydymas deguonimi 3.8. Komplikacijų gydymas 3.9. Plaučių transplantacija 4. Pagalbos ligoniams organizavimas
Intervencinė medicina - šiuolaikinės pulmonologijos pagrindas
Authors: Žemaitis Marius , Miliauskas Skaidrius
Published: November 2020

Bronchoskopija yra vienas svarbiausių invazinių tyrimo metodų intervencinėje pulmonologijoje. Nauji bronchologiniai metodai padidino jos svarbą kasdienėje praktikoje. Šiandien pulmonologijoje, kaip ir visoje konservatyviojoje medicinoje, intervencinės medicinos sritis sparčiai tobulinama: diegiami nauji tyrimo bei gydymo metodai, atgaivinama standžioji (rigidinė) bronchoskopija.
Plaučių intersticinių pokyčių radiologinė diagnostika
Authors: Dobrovolskienė Laima
Published: November 2020

Intersticinės plaučių ligos (IPL) rentgenogramose dažniausiai pasireiškia diseminaciniu sindromu. Aukštos skiriamosios gebos plonų sluoksnių kompiuterinės tomografijos (angl. HRCT) skerspjūvių vaizduose be diseminacijos išryškėja ir kitokio pobūdžio difuziniai plaučių intersticinio audinio pakitimai. Intersticinių palučių elementų pažeidimas radiologiniuose vaizduose matomas daugelio sisteminių ligų ir difuzinių plaučių parenchimos bei smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų (bronchiolių) ligų atvejais. Radiologiniu požiūriu visos IPL pasireiškia panašiu polimorfiniu radiologiniu vaizdu, kuris priklauso nuo ligos pradžios bei stadijos. Darbo tikslas buvo atlikti retrospektyviąją 196 ligonių radiologinių tyrimų analizę, išskirti svarbiausią radiologinės diagnostikos metodą ir sugrupuoti įvairius radiologinių vaizdų požymius, kurių kombinacijos atitiktų specifinius IPL požymius. Tiksli radiologinių požymių interpretacija HRCT palengvina daugiadisciplinės komandos gydytojams planuoti invazinio diagnostinio tyrimo reikalingumą ir apimtį.
Vaikų gripas - 2009 metų pamokos
Authors: Vaidelienė Laimutė , Grinkevičiūtė Dovilė
Published: November 2020

2009 m. pasaulyje paplitęs gripo H1N1 virusas kol kas nepadarė tiek žalos, kiek buvo tikėtasi. Pandemija prasidėjo stiprios ekonomikos šalyse, gripas nebuvo toks pavojingas vyresnio amžiaus žmonėms kaip 1918 metais – jau buvo susiformavęs imunitetas, antivirusiniai vaistai veikė, ir dauguma sirgusiųjų patyrė ne itin stiprius simptomus. Vis dėlto 214-oje pasaulio šalių užregistruota 1 483 520 gripo atvejų ir laboratorijoje patvirtinti 18 036 mirties nuo pandeminio gripo atvejai. Lietuvoje nuo 2009 m. spalio iki 2010 m. kovo mėnesio gripu persirgo 59 tūkst. suaugusiųjų ir vaikų, laboratorijoje patvirtinta 810 susirgimų A(H1N1) gripu, užregistruoti 23 mirties atvejai. Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikose (KMUK) ir Kauno 2-ojoje klinikinėje ligoninėje 2009-11-06–12-22 nuo klinikinių gripo simptomų gydyti 545 vaikai. 16 vaikų gydyti intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje, 6 vaikai mirė nuo įtariamo gripo ar jo komplikacijų, laboratorijoje H1N1 virusas patvirtintas dviem iš jų. Klinikiniai Kaune gydytų vaikų gripo simptomai beveik nesiskyrė nuo PSO skelbiamų simptomų: karščiavimas buvo 99,45 proc. atvejų, kosulys – 80,37 proc., sloga – 45,32 proc., galvos skausmas – 26,97 proc., gerklės skausmas – 18,17 proc. atvejų. 2009 m. H1N1 gripui būdingas vėmimas pasireiškė 25,32 proc., viduriavimas – 8,81 proc. ligoninėse gydytų vaikų. 18,7 proc. vaikų buvo citopenijos požymių: leukocitopenija – 11,7 proc., granuliocitopenija – 9,1 proc., trombocitopenija – 12,5 proc. vaikų. Šiems vaikams, palyginti su citopenijos neturėjusiais, dažniau nustatyta bakterinė infekcija: 11,1 proc., palyginti su 1,9 proc. (χ2 = 16,4; p < 0,05). Gripas komplikavosi pneumonija 134 (24,59 proc.) stacionare gydytiems vaikams. Sergant gripu, galimos sunkios komplikacijos, kurios dažniausiai pasireiškia kvėpavimo sistemoje ir sukelia kvėpavimo nepakankamumą, šoką bei mirtį. Todėl didelės rizikos pacientams pagal 2010 m. vasario mėn. atnaujintas PSO gripo gydymo rekomendacijas gydymas turi būti skiriamas nedelsiant. Geriamasis oseltamiviras ir inhaliuojamasis zanamiviras yra patvirtinti vaikų gripo gydymui ir profilaktikai. Per 48 val. nuo ligos pradžios pradėti skirti antivirusiniai vaistai sumažina ligos sunkumą ir trukmę. Šių metų patirtis rodo, kad ir vėliau pradėtas antivirusinis gydymas gali būti naudingas. KMUK ir Kauno 2-ojoje KL oseltamiviru buvo gydyti 225 vaikai (41,3 proc.). Vaikams, kurių gripas komplikavosi bakterine infekcija, antibakterinis gydymas yra būtinas ir gali būti gyvybiškai svarbus. 249 (53,9 proc.) Kauno stacionaruose gydytiems vaikams skirta antibiotikų. Vakcinacijos reikšmė apsisaugoti nuo sezoninio ar pandeminio gripo yra neabejotina. Tačiau iš KMUK ir Kauno 2-ojoje KL gydytų vaikų tik 6 (1,1 proc.) buvo skiepyti nuo sezoninio gripo. Ekspertai teigia, kad tikėtina antra pandeminio gripo banga. Tokiu atveju vakcinacijos klausimas taip pat išlieka aktualus.
Alergija vabzdžių nuodams: diagnostika, skubioji pagalba ir ilgalaikė imunoterapija
Authors: Gasiūnienė Edita , Staikūnienė Jūratė
Published: November 2020

Dažniausiai alergiją sukelia bičių ir vapsvų nuodai. Vabzdžių įgėlimo sukeltos reakcijos gali būti vietinės ir sisteminės. Paprastai vabzdžių įgėlimas pasireiškia dilgėline, angioedema, anafilaksija. Alergija vapsvų ir bičių nuodams yra grindžiama anamneze, klinikiniais požymiais, teigiamais odos dūrio mėginiais bei specifinio IgE prieš nuodų alergenus kraujyje nustatymu. Specifinė imunoterapija vabzdžių alergenams tęsiama trejus–penkerius metus.
Alerginis alveolitas
Authors: Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Alerginis alveolitas (dar vadinamas hipersensityviniu pneumonitu) yra difuzinė instersticinė plaučių liga, kurią sąlygoja padidėjęs jautrumas įkvepiamoms organinių antigenų dalelėms. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami klinikinėje praktikoje aktualūs alerginio alveolito diagnostikos ir gydymo aspektai.
Įkvepiamojo budezonido vaidmuo gydant astmą: farmakologinių tyrimų pamokos
Authors: Vaidelienė Laimutė
Published: November 2020

Įkvepiamieji gliukokortikoidai (ĮGK) yra pirmaeiliai ilgalaikio astmos gydymo vaistai. Naujos ilgalaikio astmos gydymo budezonidu studijos suteikė daug įdomios informacijos, papildančios astmos gydymo rekomendacijas. Trejų metų trukmės dvigubai aklo START (angl. inhaled Steroid Treatment As Regular Therapy) tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad anksti pradėtas gydymas įkvepiamuoju budezonidu sumažina kvėpavimo sutrikimus ir būsimų sunkių paūmėjimų tikimybę 44 proc. suaugusiųjų ir vaikų, sergančių naujai diagnozuota bei ĮGK iki tol negydyta astma. Deja, ankstyvo gydymo ĮGK teigiama įtaka ilgalaikiams kvėpavimo funkcijos pokyčiams nebuvo įrodyta. Panašūs duomenys gauti ir CAMP (angl. Childhood Asthma Management Program) studijoje, kuri patvirtino, kad gydymas ĮGK neveikia natūralios astmos eigos. Vis dėlto CAMP studijos indėlis į astmos gydymo rekomendacijas labai svarbus, nes joje patvirtinta nuolatinio gydymo ĮGK būtinybė, ne norint paveikti natūralią ligos eigą, o siekiant pagerinti astmos kontrolę. Dažnas astma sergantis pacientas vengia vartoti ĮGK ilgą laiką. Svarbiausia priežastis – nepageidaujamo poveikio baimė. Todėl siekiama minimizuoti nepageidaujamus reiškinius ir padaryti astmos gydymą dar patogesnį. START studija patvirtino budezonido efektyvumą ir saugumą vartojant jį vieną kartą per parą, o OPTIMA (angl. Oxis and Pulmicort Turbuhaler in the Management of Asthma) ir FACET (angl. Formoterol And Corticosteroids Establishing Therapy) studijos įrodė sudėtinio gydymo efektyvumą bei saugumą gydant vidutinio sunkumo ir sunkią astmą. Visi kartu šie tyrimai pagrindžia kasdienės ĮGK terapijos efektyvumą ir saugumą gydant nuolatinės eigos lengvą ar vidutinio sunkumo astmą, palaiko ankstyvo gydymo ĮGK naudą ir pateikia sudėtinio gydymo indikacijas.
Smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų reikšmė gydant astmą
Authors: Stravinskaitė Kristina
Published: November 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų reikšmė sergant astma bei naujos astmos gydymo galimybės itin smulkių dalelių beklometazono dipropionato ir formoterolio sudėtiniu vaistu viename inhaliatoriuje.
Otiorhynchus yakovlevi Legalov, a new species in the tribe Otiorhynchini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) from Altai (Western Siberia)
Authors: Legalov Andrei A.
Published: November 2020

A new species, Otiorhynchus (Stupamacus) yakovlevi Legalov, sp. nov. from Western Siberia is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to O. scintillus but differs from it in a slender body, sparsely punctation of pronotum, less rounded, and finer punctate elytral interstriae. A map with localities of newly described species is added. A key for identifying species from the subgenus Stupamacus from Altai is also included.
Analysis of Local Government Implementation Report Model (LPPD) in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Anani Siske , Mashudi Imam , Ariyasanti Dini
Published: November 2020

This study raised the title of the Analysis of Local Government Implementation Report (LPPD) in Bolaang Mongondow Utara Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The data collection technique was done by interviewing and literature study. The data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model, namely data analysis which is carried out directly and continuously until it is complete, so that the data is saturated. Based on the results of the data research and analysis process carried out, it can be explained that in Article 16 of Government Regulation Number 6 of 2009 which is the implementation of Article 6 paragraph (3) of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Guidelines for the Evaluation of Regional Government Administration, it is stated that the source of information The main role in implementing the Implications of the Performance Evaluation of Regional Government Administration (EKPPD) is the Regional Government Implementation Report (LPPD). The LPPD itself, as stated in Law Number 32 Year 2005, states that regional heads are required to submit a Regional Government Administration Report (LPPD) to the central government. The scope of the LPPD is divided into matters of decentralization, general duties, and assistance tasks. This is stated in article 2 PP No. 3 of 2007 which contains the LPPD to the government, information on the LPPD to the public, reports on the accountability of the Regional Head to the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD).
The Legal Aspect of Dual Citizenship Enactment in Indonesia: Demand of the Diaspora
Authors: Taruna F Tri , Wibisana Putu Arya
Published: November 2020

The demand of the Diaspora for the enactment of dual citizenship has not been fulfilled by the Indonesian Government since the state still subscribes to the principle of “one person one citizenship.”This single citizenship principle has been adhered to since the independence of Indonesia, stemming from the 1945 Constitution as the highest state law, Law no. 3 of 1946 on Citizens and Residents of the State, Law no. 62 of 1958 on the Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia, up until the Law no. 12 of 2006 as the current Citizenship Law of the Republic of Indonesia, which is currently applicable. In the present, the Government has issued a policy alternative in the form of Indonesian Overseas Card to ensure the civil rights of citizens and foreigners of Indonesian national descent who reside overseas so that they can enjoy facilities in Indonesia. This policy is also intended to revise the validity period for Visit Visa to be applicable for several visits and the period of residence permit, specifically for foreigners who are former citizens of Indonesia and their families, as a means of accommodating the diaspora’s demands. With the issuance of the policy, there is a recognition towards the existence of the Indonesian diaspora overseas as one of the non-state actors for international relations and as agents of change for their homeland.
From Venus to “Black Venus”: Beyoncé’s I Have Three Hearts, Fashion, and the Limits of Visual Culture
Authors: Thompson Cheryl
Published: November 2020

In 2016, Lemonade was lauded as “Black girl magic” for the ways the hour-long HBO special (and subsequent album) celebrated Black women and the Southern gothic tradition. It also was the first hint of Beyoncé paying homage to West African Yoruba traditions. At the 2017 Grammys, her performance was both an invocation of the sacred in Western art history and further homage to Yoruba. The performance opened with poetry by Warsan Shire, and snapshots of her daughter, Blue Ivy, but the highlight was Beyoncé’s gold gown, and crown, and gold accessories, all of which symbolized the African goddess Osun. Released just before her Grammys performance, the I Have Three Hearts photo-series circulated as pregnancy images (she was pregnant with twins), but it also functioned as a repository of Beyoncé’s invocation of the sacred in Western culture, as embodied in Venus, and the African goddess, often labelled as “Black Venus.” This article is an examination of three images in the I Have Three Hearts series, taken by Awol Erizku, and the series’ accompanying poetry by Shire. I argue that it raises important questions about the role of visual culture in fashion and popular culture. Is Beyoncé the Venus of the twenty-first century? Does this photographic series remap Western visual culture to reimagine Black womanhood in the discourse on sexuality? Or, it is an example of pastiche in postmodern culture wherein truncated information is authorized, making everyone an expert without the demand for historical context?