bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Black Cohosh: Insights into its Mechanism(s) of Action
Authors: Ruhlen Rachel L. , Sun Grace Y. , Sauter Edward R.
Published: October 2017

The Women's Health Initiative found that combination estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement therapy increases breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risk, which compelled many women to seek herbal alternatives such as black cohosh extract (BCE) to relieve their menopausal symptoms. While several clinical trials document the efficacy of BCE in alleviating menopausal symptoms, preclinical studies to determine how BCE works have yielded conflicting results. Part of this is because there is not a universally accepted method to standardize the dose of black cohosh triterpenes, the presumed active ingredients in the extract. Although the mechanism by which BCE relieves symptoms is unknown, several hypotheses have been proposed: it acts 1) as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, 2) through serotonergic pathways, 3) as an antioxidant, or 4) on inflammatory pathways. We found that while the most prominent triterpene in BCE, 23-epi-26-deoxyactein, suppresses cytokine-induced nitric oxide production in brain microglial cells, the whole BCE extract actually enhanced this pathway. A variety of activities have been reported for black cohosh and its compounds, but the absorption and tissue distribution of these compounds is unknown.
Redescriptions of Neolecanium leucaenae Ckll., Toumeyella cerifera Ferris and T. sonorensis Ckll. and Parrott and their Transfer to Neotoumeyella Gen. Nov. (Hemiptera: Coccidae), with Descriptions of Two New Species from the Southeastern U.S.A. and Colombia, South America
Authors: Kondo Takumasa , Williams Michael L.
Published: October 2017

Three species of Mexican soft scales, Neolecanium leucaenae Cockerell, Toumeyella cerifera Ferris and T. sonorensis Cockerell and Parrott, are redescribed based on the adult females and are transferred to Neotoumeyella gen. nov. as N. leucaenae (Cockerell) comb. nov., N. cerifera (Ferris) comb. nov. and N. sonorensis (Cockerell and Parrott) comb. nov. Two new species, N. caliensis Kondo and Williams sp. nov. from Colombia and N. cephalanthi Kondo and Williams sp. nov. from the U.S.A, are described and illustrated based on the adult female. A key to the genera of New World Myzolecaniinae based on the adult female is provided. We designate lectotypes for N. leucaenae, T. cerifera and T. sonorensis.
Linagliptin Has Wide-Ranging Anti-Inflammatory Points of Action in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Inagaki Masahiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Gocho Toshihiko , Handa Kazuaki , Hasegawa Hitomi , Yura Akihiko , Kawakami Tomoko , Ohsawa Isao , Goto Yoshikazu , Gotoh Hiromichi , Kiuchi Yuji
Published: October 2017

Background

Because of the potential anti-inflammatory effects, linagliptin, a therapeutic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used as an effective drug for diabetic patients for whom inflammation is a prognosis-related factor. We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of linagliptin using seven markers.

Methods

We pretreated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with linagliptin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cytosolic fractions were evaluated for protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), ratio of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP).

Results

Linagliptin increased the PKA and PKC activities and the cAMP levels in LPS-treated cells. However, it inhibited LPS-induced PKB phosphorylation, ratio of ROS and Cu/Zn SOD, and LPS-stimulated AP-1 nuclear translocation.

Conclusion

We reaffirmed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of linagliptin. These effects might be related to the three protein kinases. Our findings suggest that linagliptin has a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects.
Clinical Correlations as a Tool in Basic Science Medical Education
Authors: Klement Brenda J. , Paulsen Douglas F. , Wineski Lawrence E.
Published: October 2017

Clinical correlations are tools to assist students in associating basic science concepts with a medical application or disease. There are many forms of clinical correlations and many ways to use them in the classroom. Five types of clinical correlations that may be embedded within basic science courses have been identified and described. (1) Correlated examples consist of superficial clinical information or stories accompanying basic science concepts to make the information more interesting and relevant. (2) Interactive learning and demonstrations provide hands-on experiences or the demonstration of a clinical topic. (3) Specialized workshops have an application-based focus, are more specialized than typical laboratory sessions, and range in complexity from basic to advanced. (4) Small-group activities require groups of students, guided by faculty, to solve simple problems that relate basic science information to clinical topics. (5) Course-centered problem solving is a more advanced correlation activity than the others and focuses on recognition and treatment of clinical problems to promote clinical reasoning skills. Diverse teaching activities are used in basic science medical education, and those that include clinical relevance promote interest, communication, and collaboration, enhance knowledge retention, and help develop clinical reasoning skills.
The Importance of Social Media from the Wine Marketing Perspective
Authors: Tomazic Tina
Published: October 2017

Mass media have never in their history had such a strong impact as they have right now, mainly due to the emergence of new technologies, which have become an important part of the marketing strategies of the wine industry around the world. This paper explores the impact of the information and communication society in social media in the light of the local governments of various countries input in the field of the wine industry. We find that social media allow users to use them free of charge, while paid advertising is an additional cost. The results can also be measurable, which allows the companies full control over the effectiveness of their marketing strategies, but the successful wine companies must use and exploit the social media as important marketing channels.
Cinco Stradivarius y la continuidad de la civilización
Authors: Campo Baeza Alberto
Published: October 2017

Prologar un libro es como afinar un instrumento. Prologar una publicación con cinco obras de arquitectura de Carlos Pereda y Óscar Pérez Silanes es como afinar cinco instrumentos de primer orden. Como si de cinco Stradivarius se tratara.

En este caso, a este afinador le cabe el honor de afinar una estupenda colección de Stradivarius. Porque todo lo que han ideado y construido estos dos arquitectos, Carlos Pereda y Óscar Pérez Silanes, es de una calidad extraordinaria.
Functional trait responses to sediment deposition reduce macrofauna-mediated ecosystem functioning in an estuarine mudflat
Authors: Mestdagh Sebastiaan , Bagaço Leila , Braeckman Ulrike , Ysebaert Tom , De Smet Bart , Moens Tom , Van Colen Carl
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Human activities, among which dredging and land use change in river basins, are altering estuarine ecosystems. These activities may result in changes in sedimentary processes, affecting biodiversity of sediment macrofauna. As macrofauna control sediment chemistry and fluxes of energy and matter between water column and sediment, changes in the structure of macrobenthic communities could affect the functioning of an entire ecosystem. We assessed the impact of sediment deposition on intertidal macrobenthic communities and on rates of an important ecosystem function, i.e. sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC). An experiment was performed with undisturbed sediment samples from the Scheldt river estuary (SW Netherlands). The samples were subjected to four sedimentation regimes: one control and three with a deposited sediment layer of 1, 2 or 5 cm. Oxygen consumption was measured during incubation at ambient temperature. Luminophores applied at the surface, and a seawater-bromide mixture, served as tracers for bioturbation and bioirrigation, respectively. After incubation, the macrofauna was extracted, identified and counted, and classified into functional groups based on motility and sediment reworking capacity. Total macrofaunal densities dropped already under the thinnest deposits. The most affected fauna were surficial and low-motile animals, occurring at high densities in the control. Their mortality resulted in a drop in SCOC, which decreased steadily with increasing deposit thickness, while bioirrigation and bioturbation activity showed increases in the lower sediment deposition regimes, but decreases in the more extreme treatments. The initial increased activity likely counteracted the effects of the drop in low-motile, surficial fauna densities, resulting in a steady rather than sudden fall in oxygen consumption. We conclude that the functional identity in terms of motility and sediment reworking can be crucial in our understanding of the regulation of ecosystem functioning and the impact of habitat alterations such as sediment deposition.
A comparison of two astronomical tuning approaches for the Oligocene-Miocene Transition from Pacific Ocean Site U1334 and implications for the carbon cycle
Authors: Beddow Helen M. , Liebrand Diederik , Wilson Douglas S. , Hilgen Frits J. , Sluijs Appy , Wade Bridget S. , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Astronomical tuning of sediment sequences requires both unambiguous cycle-pattern recognition in climate proxy records and astronomical solutions, and independent information about the phase relationship between these two. Here we present two astronomically tuned age models for the Oligocene-Miocene Transition (OMT) from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1334 (equatorial Pacific Ocean) to assess the effect tuning approaches have on astronomically calibrated ages and the geologic time scale. These age models are based on different phase-assumptions between climate proxy records and eccentricity: the first age model is based on an inverse and in-phase assumption of CaCO3 weight (wt %) to Earth's orbital eccentricity, the second age model is based on an inverse and in-phase assumption of benthic foraminifer stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) to eccentricity. The phase-assumptions that underpin these age models represent two end-members on the range of possible tuning options. To independently test which tuned age model and tuning assumptions are correct, we assign their ages to magnetostratigraphic reversals identified in anomaly profiles. Subsequently we compute tectonic plate-pair spreading rates based on the tuned ages. These alternative spreading rate histories indicate that the CaCO3 tuned age model is most consistent with a conservative assumption of constant spreading rates. The CaCO3 tuned age model thus provides robust ages and durations for polarity chrons C6Bn.1n–C6Cn.1r, which are not based on astronomical tuning in the latest iteration of the Geologic Time Scale. Furthermore, it provides independent evidence that the relatively large (several 10,000 years) time lags documented in the benthic foraminiferal isotope records relative to orbital eccentricity, constitute a real feature of the Oligocene-Miocene climate system and carbon cycle. The age constraints from Site U1334 thus provide independent evidence that the delayed responses of the Oligocene-Miocene climate-cryosphere system and carbon cycle resulted from increased nonlinear feedbacks to astronomical forcing.
Giacomo Zabarella: un aristotélico crítico en la era de la revolución científica
Authors: García Valverde José Manuel
Published: October 2017

Giacomo Zabarella es considerado uno de los aristotélicos más prestigiosos y más influyentes del siglo XVI. Su obra lógica, sus escritos sobre física y sus comentarios, publicados póstumamente, tuvieron un enorme impacto especialmente en las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, y sirvieron como verdaderos manuales con los que se formaron muchos universitarios europeos. Este artículo analiza la figura de Zabarella centrándose en su obra sobre física, el De rebus naturalibus libri XXX, editado en 1590, apenas unos días antes de su muerte.
Das Unsterbliche mit dem Sterblichen zu verbinden“. Sobre o pensamento principal da filosofia de Platão segundo Schelling
Authors: Silva Fernando M. F.
Published: October 2017

Partindo da inequívoca assumpção de que há um espírito comum entre Platão e o período do idealismo alemão, o presente ensaio propõe-se comprovar esta mesma tese analisando o conjunto de anotações intitulado “Über den Geist der Platonischen Philosophie”, coligido por Schelling ainda na fase pré-filosófica da sua evolução espiritual, em 1793. Da análise deste, e dos dois mitos aí contidos, esperase por sua vez que estes nos possam fornecer fortes indícios não só do quadro histórico-mitológico que está por detrás de toda a filosofia idealista, mas também da possibilidade de que destes mitos nasçam os primeiros frémitos da primeiríssima filosofia de Schelling.
Enhancing Customer Loyalty Through E-Banking Practices
Authors: Konalingam Kajenthiran , Ratnam Umanakenan , Sivapalan Achchuthan , Naveen Miresh
Published: October 2017

Enhancing customer loyalty serves as a basic strategy for gaining competitive advantage in the banking industry and enables bankers to make a loyal customer base. The purpose of this work is to propose and empirically investigate a comprehensive mechanism for enhancing customer loyalty to banks via e-banking practices. A questionnaire derived from previous studies and the relevant literature was completed by 472 bank customers in Jaffna city, Sri Lanka. Multiple regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses. The results indicated that customer loyalty was influenced by content & website layout, privacy & security, and accessibility. The findings of this paper contribute to previous research by adding to existing knowledge relating to e-banking practices and customer loyalty in banking industries.
The Voice of the People Compromised and Accountability Denied
Authors: Gizaw Tassew Shiferaw
Published: October 2017

The study examines the impact of determinants of democratic governance on political rights and public policy in the sub-Saharan African countries.  The study follows the quantitative research tradition using a linear regression model. Together with one trend variable, seven independent variables representing determinants of governance, as well as one dependent variable (political rights/the voice of the people), have been applied into the equation. The computation yielded statistical results that could guide meaningful analysis about the theme under study. The study shows that the lack of democratic governance has negatively affected the status of political rights, and human rights as well as accountability. Thus, the voice of the people in matters that influence public policy has been constrained in the 32 sub-Saharan African countries.
Sobre enfiteuses e outros termos: uma análise sobre os conceitos do universo rural
Authors: Maria Menendes Motta Márcia , Machado Marina
Published: October 2017

O objetivo do presente artigo é deslindar as distintas compreensões acerca dos termos e das concepções sobre a riqueza assentada na propriedade da terra, nas últimas décadas do século XVIII e nas duas primeiras décadas do século seguinte. Como desdobramento, analisa- se um conceito controverso: a enfiteuse (ou aforamento), objeto de discussão de um jurisconsulto, cujas obras foram as mais lidas pelos advogados do oitocentos: o português Lobão.
Combatendo a “cáfila vagabunda” e o “gado mal-havido”: o controle sobre a propriedade de gado na fronteira (Uruguaiana, c. 1880 – c. 1916)
Authors: Tlaija Leipnitz Guinter
Published: October 2017

Na região da fronteira entre Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, o roubo de gado é uma realidade bastante antiga, que começou a intensificar-se nas queixas das autoridades em fins do século XIX. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como, no município de Uruguaiana, neste período, o longo processo de controle sobre a propriedade de gado foi marcado pela normatização e regulação, por meio das Posturas Rurais, da detenção, da produção e do comércio dos rebanhos, em especial de origem bovina. Com a

pretensão de combater o abigeato, bem como outras práticas ilegais envolvendo o transporte e o comércio das reses, esses dispositivos legais poderiam chocar-se com interesses dos criadores em geral.
De meninas tantas na escrita sensível de Adriana Falcão: reflexões sobre o feminino na literatura para a infância
Authors: Debus Eliane Santana Dias , Doval Camila Canali , Grazioli Fabiano Tadeu
Published: October 2017

A literatura de recepção infantil pode estar em sintonia com os aspectos culturais da época em que é produzida. As obras Mania de explicação (2001), A Gaiola (2013) e Valentina cabeça na Lua (2013), de Adriana Falcão, se alinham com as características da literatura para crianças na atualidade e também constroem, no seu conjunto, um panorama da representação da personagem feminina infante na obra da autora. O artigo apresenta o processo de criação de Adriana Falcão em cada uma das obras listadas e faz uma abordagem do feminino em cada história, focalizando, principalmente, a construção da protagonista. Tal análise encontra respaldo em Michelle Perrot (2003), Regina Dalcastagnè (2012), Luiza Lobo (1997), Nancy Chodorow (2001), entre outros. O estudo aponta para uma nova perspectiva na construção das “meninas” nas obras literárias para crianças, que as coloca em condição de protagonizarem de fato suas histórias de vida e lidarem com suas emoções e sentimentos de modo a desvencilharem-se de estereótipos já conhecidos na vida real e na literatura infantil, colocando-as mais próximas da posição da mulher na sociedade contemporânea.
Editorial
Authors: Ormezzano Graciela , Fianco Francisco
Published: October 2017

Organizadores
Patients’ perception of safety in four hospitals in Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Méndez Concepción Meléndez , Hernández Rosalinda Garza , Salinas Juana Fernanda González , Torres Socorro Rangel , Porras Gloria Acevedo , Castañeda-Hidalgo Hortensia
Published: October 2017

Objective: To determine the perceived patient safety related to health care during hospitalization. To identify the number of patients who report having suffered a clinical error and describe the patients’ experience with the clinical error.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study performed of patients who were hospitalized between August-November 2013 in four second-level hospitals.Results: A total of 631 patients were surveyed. Regarding the errors suffered during the hospitalization, 7.9% of the patients reported having suffered a complication, 7.9% reported having an infection, 5.2% had an allergic reaction to medication and 5.1% had to undergo a second surgery. Regarding the patients’ responses about the experience with the error, only 4.8% of the patients reported having had experiencing clinical error in their management, 1.9% mentioned that they fully agreed that the error was solved quickly, 2.5% that the error was solved satisfactorily and 3.3% patients disagreed as they were not informed if steps would be taken to prevent the error from recurring.Conclusions: To address safety culture in the hope of improving patient safety will continue to motivate nurse researchers and managers thus more research about patient perception is needed.
Financial Viability of Residential Photovoltaic and Battery Systems in Californias
Authors: Lehra Jonas , Vrettos Evangelos , Rajagopal Ram , Jain Rishee , Everts Martin
Published: October 2017

Using a battery on a household level has become easier after the launch of Tesla’s Powerwall. Storing electricity during daytime’s PV overproduction or charging the battery during night with an attractive tariff is the most prominent applications. This paper explores the economic impact of the usage of residential battery storage combined with solar photovoltaics (PV) based on real load data from Northern California, USA. A data-driven, deterministic model to benchmark electricity cost savings for single households is presented and the financial viability of such systems is scrutinized for California. Our results indicate that under current capacity and price points, battery systems have limited financial viability and have a payback period exceeding 20 years in most cases. We deepen our analysis and compare the results of our deterministic model to that of a stochastic model to demonstrate that for an hourly time resolution the deterministic model provides an adequate benchmark for estimating cost (within 3%) savings with a short (1/60th) computation time.
På vei mot en ny forståelse av mobbing i et folkehelseperspektiv
Authors: Lund Ingrid , Helgeland Anne , Kovac Velibor Bobo
Published: October 2017

Helse og utdanning er flettet sammen. God helse fremmer læring og utvikling, og utdanning er viktig for fremtidsutsikter, sosial posisjon og helse som voksen. For at barn og unge skal erfare skolekonteksten som en helsefremmende kontekst, er det avgjørende at læringsmiljøet er inkluderende. Mobbing er en av de sterkeste indikatorene på manglende inkludering. Artikkelens hensikt er tredelt: 1) Rette et kritisk søkelys mot den etablerte forståelsen av mobbing, der aggresjon, intensjonalitet, tid og makt er sentrale faktorer, 2) løfte frem nyere perspektiver, med vekt på mobbing som sammensatte sosiale prosesser, der voksne er de ansvarlige og betydningen av å høre til og medvirke i et fellesskap er det sentrale, 3) beskrive de praktiske implikasjoner som denne forståelsen av mobbing kan føre til i skolen, sett i et folkehelseperspektiv.Nøkkelord: inkluderende læringsmiljø, mobbing, skolekultur, ledelse. The work fighting bullying from a public health perspectiveAbstractHealth and education are intertwined in the sense that good health promotes learning and development, whilst education is also important for future prospects, social position, and health in adulthood. In order that children and young people perceive their school context as health promoting, it is crucial that the learning environment is inclusive. Bullying is one of the strongest possible indicators that there is a lack of inclusion. This article’s purpose has three aspects: 1) Directing a critical focus towards the established understanding of bullying, in which aggression, intentionality, time, and power are central factors, and where the point of departure is that this understanding can hinder the mastery of life, 2) Highlighting recent perspectives with an emphasis on bullying as complex social processes where the adults are responsible and the significance of listening to – and taking part in – fellowship is central, and 3) Describing the practical implications which this understanding of bullying might lead to in schools from a public health perspective.Key words: inclusive learning environment; bullying; school culture; leadership.
Esau and Jacob (Sermon 4)
Authors: van Neer Joost ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

Augustine’s Sermon 4 on Esau and Jacob is long (860 lines) and consists of a complex division in 37 chapters. This division makes it difficult to identify quickly and easily the rhetorical arrangement which must have been an important factor in making this sermon a success in the context of Augustine’s struggle against Donatism. This same division has been handed down through the centuries. Once the existing, complex division into 37 chapters is relinquished, it is possible, on the basis of linguistic and Scriptural indications, to establish the existence of a new, simple division into 3 parts. A frame exists in these three parts that runs from creation (Gen. 1) to judgement (Mt. 25), in which Augustine discusses the stories of (the blessings of) Esau and Jacob (Gen. 25 and 27) in the context of the absence or presence of love (for which he employs 1 Cor. 13). Seen from this perspective, Esau represents the bad people who consciously permit themselves to be separated from the Church through the absence of love (a reference to the Donatist schism), while Jacob stands for the good people, who highlight the unity of the Church by availing themselves of love: by not acting on their own authority and expelling sinners, but by leaving judgement to God and by accepting them lovingly. The new division clearly reveals this message.
La doctrina Pneumatológica de las Sententiae de Isidoro de Sevilla
Authors: Cabrera Montero Juan Antonio ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: October 2017

Isidore of Seville did not leave behind any specifically trinitarian, Christological or pneumatological treatises. We find his theological doctrine evident in sections throughout his works although, as a result of the effort of a good compiler and synthesizer, it is not difficult to trace the passages in which the bishop of Seville deals with each one of these subjects. With regard to the doctrine on the Holy Spirit, the chapter dedicated to the third person of the Trinity in the first book of the Sententiae offers a fairly complete summary of the matter. The following pages are intended to present the content of that chapter and to place it within the context of the rest of Isidore’s theological output. Therefore, in addition to paying close attention to the text of the Sententiae, we will seek its dependence or influence, as the case may be, on other treatises of Isidore, mainly in these three: Etymologiae, De fide catholica and Liber differentiarum [II]. Augustine, Gregory the Great and the theological contribution of the Spanish councils are presented as Isidore’s main sources.
Análise da noção de justiça em estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação: uma contribuição educacional
Authors: Bastos Valentim Bernadete Fatima , Blum Vestena Carla Luciane
Published: October 2017

A superdotação é conhecida pelos traços da criatividade, envolvimento com a tarefa e alto nível de motivação. Existem outros pouco explorados, como, por exemplo, a moral autônoma. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar a noção de justiça de estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram dez estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio com a idade entre onze e dezesseis anos identificados com altas habilidades/superdotação no contexto escolar e que frequentam salas de recursos multifuncionais em dois colégios públicos de um município no interior do Estado do Paraná/Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do método clínico piagetiano e o instrumento de investigação foi a entrevista semiestrutura compostas por dilemas morais envolvendo as categorias da justiça imanente, justiça retributiva, distributiva e respeito a regras. O estudo demonstrou que estes estudantes possuem uma ampla compreensão e sensibilidade em relação às injustiças que ocorrem no contexto geral da sociedade assim como o respeito às regras. Concluímos que os aspectos relacionados à moral autônoma ficaram evidentes nos estudantes pesquisados pela demonstração de uma refinada noção de justiça. No entanto, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de ações pedagógicas que permitam discussões sobre temas do seu interesse no intuito de favorecer a construção de ambientes cooperativos. Por fim, destacamos que é fundamental que os professores conheçam as características das altas habilidades/superdotação a fim de estimular o exercício da autonomia moral e, assim, oferecer oportunidades para agir de acordo com esses princípios em ambientes cooperativos.
A convivência entre crianças com e sem deficiência e o papel do professor na educação infantil
Authors: Silva Marcelo Oliveira da
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo aborda a convivência entre crianças com e sem deficiência em duas turmas mistas dos dois últimos anos da Educação Infantil de uma Escola da rede privada da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS (idades entre 5 e 6). A partir da experiência no campo, o artigo propõe algumas reflexões sobre a interação entre as crianças no espaço escolar e o papel do adulto em cenas vivenciadas pelo pesquisador. Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa para tese de doutoramento. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e utiliza entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros de observação no diário de aula do pesquisador para compor o conjunto de dados analisados. A análise dos dados aponta para benefícios advindos do convívio entre crianças com e sem deficiência. Pelo convívio em turmas mistas, as crianças com deficiência desenvolvem-se via imitação do comportamento das crianças com desenvolvimento típico. As crianças sem deficiência aprendem a conviver com as diferenças, tornando-se pessoas mais abertas à diversidade. O professor é peça chave para que esse convívio possa contribuir para o aprendizado e desenvolvimento das crianças. A Educação Infantil é uma etapa relevante para o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais e percepção de alteridade.
Comparison of Vicryl, Dexon and Intestinal Stapler for the Closure of Colon in Dogs
Authors: Khalid Hussain Khan  , Allah Bux Kachiwal  , Shahla Karim Baloch  , Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Amir Nawas Khan  , Mujahid Ali Shah  , Gulam Murtaza Mari  , Mehran Ali Baloch  , Nawaz Sharif  , Sajid Ali Umrani  , Muhammad Zeb
Published: October 2017

Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs of sexes, varying ages (16.50 ± 0.22 months) and weights (19.83 ± 0.16 kg) were used in this study. The experiment was conducted in the | department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.A total of 18 dogs (male and female) were randomly divided into three groups placing 6 animals in each i.e., group-A (Vicryl 3/0 suture material), B (Dexon 3/0 suture material) and C (stapler). Physically healthy animals were used in this study in order to achieve the required results. Xylazine (9.91 ± 0.08 mg/dog) and thiopental Sodium (198.33 ± 1.05 mg/dog) was administered intramuscularly in all groups. The anaesthetized animals were placed on the dorsal recumbancy on surgical table in order to perform surgical procedure. The caudal ventral midline incision of 5 cm was made in all dogs to exteriorized the colon. One incision of 5 cm was given on colon and bleeding was controlled by artery forceps. Colon incision was closed with Vicryl (3/0) in group-A, Dixon (3/0) in group-B and intestinal stapling materials in dogs of group-C. The peritoneum in each dog was sutured with chromic catgut by simple interrupted suture technique, the linea alba was sutured with chromic catgut by simple continuous suture technique, sub-cutaneous layer was apposed with sub-cuticular suture technique using 3/0 chromic catgut. Skin was closed with simple interrupted suture pattern using silk 2/0 suture material in dogs.The total duration of anesthesia required was 328.33 ± 1.17, 330.00 ± 1.39 and 313.83 ± 2.52 minutes for closure of colon closed with Vicryl, Dexon and Stapling material respectively. The mean number of total stitches for colon closure with Vicryl, Dexon and stapling material was 15 ±0.57. 17.00 ± 0.36 and 6.66 ± 0.21 respectively. Though the partial development of mucosal folds can be seen on day 10 of post-surgery whereas fully development except lamina epithelia on day 20. It is concluded that Vicryl suture material showed the superiority in terms of better apposition of the sutured tissues and better healing and lesser complications like minimal adhesions between sutured site and other structures applied with double layer appositional suture technique for the closure of colon in dogs. This study also reveals that all suture materials were not completely free from complications but staple technique showed quicker application and lesser number of staples was required as compare to Vicryl and Dexon suture stitches and duration..
On organ building in Lithuania in the Baroque period: instrument and facade
Authors: Gučas Rimantas
Published: October 2017

In the beginning, the term “organ building” is clarified. One can find many sources which claim that the questions connected with the instrument and the organ case with the facade sometimes were solved separately. The majority of available sources say that this was the work of craftsmen of different specialties. Their relationships were rather strictly regulated by the system of workshop rules and privileges. Organ building in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was strongly connected with the neighbouring Prussia and Kurland. In the 18th century, the most important organ building centre of the lands on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea was Königsberg. The most influential masters worked there, and from there the most well-known organ builders of that time settled to work in Lithuania.
In the 18th century’s Lithuania, the work of the Jesuits was very influential. A lot of young people became educated in the Vilnius Jesuit novitiate and academy. Craftsmanship was also taught there. At the Vilnius Jesuit novitiate there were many students of German origin who continued to work in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Prussia. The capenters trained in the novitiate of Vilnius later worked installing churches in the entire Grand Duchy. They also made organ cases. No names of Jesuit organ builders have survived.
Transportation possibilities had a significant importance on the spreading of the pipe organ. Towns situated near water ways were at the convenient situation, they could acquire instruments from afar. There is no agreement about who was the author of organ facade – the organ builder or the carpenter with the carver who made the case. It seems likely that usual structures and templates prevailed and organ builders mainly created the instruments into the cases made by others. Small one-manual instruments were prevalent in Lithuania, their interiors as well as the specification were very similar to the organs of the same size in neighbouring countries. The Lithuanian style facade layout was usual in a wide area.
Instrumental music of Anatolijus Šenderovas (2015–2017) in the context of processes of its development
Authors: Rupeikaitė Kamilė
Published: October 2017

The instrumental music of one of the most prominent contemporary Lithuanian composers Anatolijus Šenderovas (b. 1945), created in 2015–2017 is reviewed in the article. A semantic analysis of two pieces – String Quartet No. 3 (2015) and Concerto for Piano Trio and Symphony Orchestra (2017) – is displayed in the context of processes of development of creative style of Šenderovas; therefore, earlier periods of his creation – before 1990-ies and after 1990-ies – are reviewed in the first part of the article. Emphasis is given to different contexts as sources of inspiration of Šenderovas works (Lithuanian poetry, Biblical texts, relation of the composer with artistic personalities and performers, particular events of Lithuanian music life, etc.) which determine choices of genres, instrumentation, and specific musical development.
Though witnessing the recognizable creative voice of Šenderovas, characterized by clear dramaturgy, intense contrasts, emotional contents of music, use of aleatoric and sonoric elements, String Quartet No. 3 and Concerto for Piano Trio and Symphony Orchestra reveal the turn of the composer towards more philosophical music of pure instrumental genres and reveal his new voice of simplicity, deep lyricism and contemplation, open melody being the main expression tool. One may propose that these works indicate a new stage of Šenderovas’ creativity.
Introduction to Thematic Section: Lecture Comprehension and Learning in English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education
Authors: Hellekjær Glenn Ole , Räsänen Anne
Published: October 2017

No abstract.
Enhancing Lecture Interaction through Live SMS
Authors: Wilkinson Robert
Published: October 2017

A consistent challenge with lectures to large audiences is the extent to which the lecturer can develop interaction with the audience. Obtaining answers to the lecturer’s questions or stimulating questions from the audience during the lecture may be hampered by the fact that the lecturer and the audience are not able to hear speakers in the audience clearly. This article reports on an experimental design to test the feasibility of allowing live SMS messaging as a means to stimulate interaction during large lectures. The context concerned lectures on academic writing in bachelor’s programmes in business and economics. Each lecture attracted about 500 students. The students were invited to send text messages to a dedicated phone line connected to a computer, which, at chosen intervals, displayed messages for everyone to see. The set-up allowed the lecturer to switch instantly from slides to the message display. Messages could be easily transferred to an Excel ﬁ le for subsequent processing if necessary. Results showed that students did not use the opportunity as frequently as expected, and most messages were not relevant to the topics of the lectures. In this article, explanations for these outcomes are discussed, and recommendations for further implementation are presented. Using a new technology, even a pervasive one like SMS messaging, in a lecture entails modiﬁcations to the design, delivery and content of the lecture itself.
Presenting Examples in Learners’ Dictionaries to Assist Chinese Learners in Writing English Texts
Authors: Xue Mei
Published: October 2017

It has been widely acknowledged that exempliﬁcation plays a very signiﬁcant role in foreign language learning. Many studies have been conducted on dictionary examples, but little attention has been paid to how examples can assist a speciﬁc group of foreign learners engaged in a speciﬁc learning activity. The present study is intended to ﬁll this gap by investigating how to optimize examples in English learners’ dictionaries to help Chinese learners with writing in English. The functional theory of lexicography will be employed in this study. This investigation will be carried out in two stages. The ﬁrst one consists in identifying the lexicographic needs of foreign learners engaged in the task of English writing and consulting dictionary examples. The second stage is a demonstration of some proposals for exempliﬁcation in learners’ dictionaries through model articles. The purpose of this study is to give new insights into exempliﬁcation in learners’ dictionaries for future lexicographic research and practice.
The Discursive Construction of Risk and Trust in Patient Information Leaﬂets
Authors: Fage-Butler Antoinette Mary
Published: October 2017

There is wide recognition that the communication of risk in Patient Information Leaﬂets (PILs) – the instructions that accompany medications in Europe – problematises the reception of these texts. There is at the same time growing understanding of the mediating role of trust in risk communication. This paper aims to analyse how risk is discursively constructed in PILs, and to identify and analyse discourses that are associated with trust-generation. The corpus (nine PILs chosen from the British online PIL bank, www.medicines.org.uk) is analysed using Foucauldian (1972) discourse analysis: speciﬁcally, this involves identifying the functions of the statements that constitute the discourses. A discourse analysis of the corpus of PILs reveals that the discourse of risk revolves around statements of the potential harm that may be caused by taking the medication, whilst trust is constructed through three discourses: the discourses that relate to competence and care, in accordance with the trust theories of Poortinga/Pidgeon (2003) and Earle (2010), and a third discourse, corporate accountability, which functions to construct an ethical (trustworthy) identity for the company. This paper contributes to PIL literature in the following ways: it introduces a methodology that has not been used before in relation to these texts, namely, Foucauldian discourse analysis; it helps to identify the presence of trust-generating discourses in PILs; and analysing the discourses of risk and trust at statement-level facilitates a better understanding of how these discourses function in texts that are generally not well-received by the patients for whom they are intended.
Das multilinguale fachsprachliche Korpus TK-NHH – Eine korpusbasierte Fallstudie über die explicitation hypothesis anhand von ins Deutsche und Englische übersetzten Rechtstexten
Authors: Simonnæs Ingrid
Published: October 2017

The present study is a case study about the explicitation hypothesis in legal translations into German and English by means of a corpus-based approach and will present preliminary ﬁndings. After the introduction, I ﬁrst describe the National Translator Accreditation Exam (statsautorisert translatøreksamen) in Norway from which the texts for the TK-NHH translation corpus are chosen. Next I describe the aim of the case study which is to investigate the explicitation hypothesis by means of the TK-NHH translation corpus. In the method section, I discuss brieﬂy the inﬂuence and applicability of corpus linguistics on translation studies. Finally, in the case study, I investigate both German and English legal translations in the TK-NHH translation corpus with regard to one speciﬁc feature that is claimed to be universal: explicitation. In this case study, I have chosen the explicitation of proper names of culture-speciﬁc legal institutions (e.g. courts). The results in both languages show a variety of explicitation together with no explicitation and thus seem to substantiate earlier ﬁndings, but now with regard to translation solutions from Norwegian.
Chancen und Perspektiven eines neuen Wörterbuchtyps: Das zweisprachige Lernerwörterbuch für Fachsprachen
Authors: Fata Ildikó
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the present paper is twofold: on the one hand it aims to outline a new type of dictionaries, the LSP dictionary for learners, and distinguish it from other dictionary types; on the other hand the study presents the multifunctional information structure of this type of dictionary through the example of two dictionaries.First the paper examines some formerly suggested names of the new type of dictionary in three languages (Hungarian/German/English). Then the author proposes a new name (chapter 2.1.), this is followed (chapter 2.2.) by the analysis of the  more speciﬁc literature on the requirements against multifunctional and user-friendly LSP dictionaries for learners (see Fuertes-Olivera (2005), Tarp (2005), and Fata (2009a)). Finally the author distinguishes this type of dictionaries from other dictionary types and gives a deﬁnition (chapter 2.3.). Since the study is based on the ﬁndings of the modern Danish functional lexicographic theory, the paper applies its concepts: in the ﬁnal section of the theoretical part of the paper the author describes the possible types of users of LSP dictionaries for learners, the potential types of user situations (chapter 2.4.) and the potencial dictionary functions (chapter 2.5.).In the practical part of the study the author presents the macro-, micro- and hyperstructures chosen in relation to the given special subject ﬁeld and LSP in order to make working with learners’ dictionaries easy and enjoyable for the primary target group of the dictionaries: for those who study LSP in a foreign language.
Erosion and sediment supply of sea cliffs of Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, from 1970 to 1991
Authors: Cruz-Colín ME , Cupul-Magaña LA
Published: October 2017

Aerial photographs from INEGI for October 1970, October 1985, July 1989 and September 1991 were analyzed to calculate the cliff retreat rate and sediment volume supplied to the coastal system in four coastal sectors of Todos Santos Bay: San Miguel, El Sauzal, Punta Morro/El Vigía and Punta Banda. Results indicate that all four sectors are under erosion, with cliff retreat rates of 0.93, 0.97. 0.70 and 0.89 m/yr, and sediment volumes of 14.097.71, 13,996.16, 3,919.14 and 16,194.43 m3/yr, respectively. The cliffs are important for maintaining the sediment budget of the coastal zone in Todos Santos Bay.
Frequency of study and diversity of benthic hydrozoa of the argentine continental shelf
Authors: Genzano GN , Zamponi MO
Published: October 2017

The Argentine continental shelf was divided into 12 sectors every two degrees of latitude. All the bibliographical records and hydropolyp species found in each section were registered. The Hydrozoa of southern sections of the Magellanic zoogeographical province have been investigated since the nineteenth century, while in northern sections of this province and in the Bonaerensian zoogeographical province studies began in the early 1960s. The north section of the Magellanic zoogeographical province is the least known and shows less diversity. A total of 116 species were found. They are distributed among the families Sertulariidae (32.8%) Syntheciidae (1.7%), Campanulariidae (26.7%), Lafoeidae (10.3%) Plumulariidae (8.6%), Haleciidae (5.2%) Campanuliniidae (4.3%) Tubulariidae (2.6%), Bougainvilliidae (2.6%) Hydractiniidae (1.7%), Eudendriidae (1.7%), Corynidae (0.9%) and Clavidae (0.9%). Endemism was rare (8.5%) but 49.6% of the species have an austral distribution and 41.9% are cosmopolitan species. There are differences between the two zoogeographical provinces analyzed; the Magellanic zoogeographical province shows higher diversity (94 species), with 71 exclusive species, while the Bonaerensian zoogeographical province shows 48 species, 25 exclusive. Only 23 species were found in both provinces.
Crystal structures of OrfX2 and P47 from a Botulinum neurotoxin OrfX‐type gene cluster
Authors: Gustafsson Robert , Berntsson Ronnie P‐A , Martínez‐Carranza Markel , El Tekle Geniver , Odegrip Richard , Johnson Eric A. , Stenmark Pål
Published: October 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins are highly toxic substances and are all encoded together with one of two alternative gene clusters, the HA or the OrfX gene cluster. Very little is known about the function and structure of the proteins encoded in the OrfX gene cluster, which in addition to the toxin contains five proteins (OrfX1, OrfX2, OrfX3, P47, and NTNH). We here present the structures of OrfX2 and P47, solved to 2.1 and 1.8 Å, respectively. We show that they belong to the TULIP protein superfamily, which are often involved in lipid binding. OrfX1 and OrfX2 were both found to bind phosphatidylinositol lipids.
Thirty‐Three Years of Ocean Benthic Warming Along the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf and Slope: Patterns, Drivers, and Ecological Consequences
Authors: Kavanaugh Maria T. , Rheuban Jennie E. , Luis Kelly M. A. , Doney Scott C.
Published: October 2017

The U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf is experiencing rapid warming, with potentially profound consequences to marine ecosystems. While satellites document multiple scales of spatial and temporal variability on the surface, our understanding of the status, trends, and drivers of the benthic environmental change remains limited. We interpolated sparse benthic temperature data along the New England Shelf and upper Slope using a seasonally dynamic, regionally specific multiple linear regression model that merged in situ and remote sensing data. The statistical model predicted nearly 90% of the variability of the data, resulting in a synoptic time series spanning over three decades from 1982 to 2014. Benthic temperatures increased throughout the domain, including in the Gulf of Maine. Rates of benthic warming ranged from 0.1 to 0.4°C per decade, with fastest rates occurring in shallow, nearshore regions and on Georges Bank, the latter exceeding rates observed in the surface. Rates of benthic warming were up to 1.6 times faster in winter than the rest of the year in many regions, with important implications for disease occurrence and energetics of overwintering species. Drivers of warming varied over the domain. In southern New England and the mid‐Atlantic shallow Shelf regions, benthic warming was tightly coupled to changes in SST, whereas both regional and basin‐scale changes in ocean circulation affect temperatures in the Gulf of Maine, the Continental Shelf, and Georges Banks. These results highlight data gaps, the current feasibility of prediction from remotely sensed variables, and the need for improved understanding on how climate may affect seasonally specific ecological processes.