bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System-L amino acid transporters play a key role in pancreatic β-cell signalling and function
Authors: Cheng Qi , Beltran Violeta D , Chan Stanley M H , Brown Jeremy R , Bevington Alan , Herbert Terence P
Published: December 2015

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids that play a critical role in cellular signalling and metabolism. They acutely stimulate insulin secretion and activate the regulatory serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a kinase that promotes increased β-cell mass and function. The effects of BCAA on cellular function are dependent on their active transport into the mammalian cells via amino acid transporters and thus the expression and activity of these transporters likely influence β-cell signalling and function. In this report, we show that the System-L transporters are required for BCAA uptake into clonal β-cell lines and pancreatic islets, and that these are essential for signalling to mTORC1. Further investigation revealed that the System-L amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is abundantly expressed in the islets, and that knockdown of LAT1 using siRNA inhibits mTORC1 signalling, leucine-stimulated insulin secretion and islet cell proliferation. In summary, we show that the LAT1 is required for regulating β-cell signalling and function in islets and thus may be a novel pharmacological/nutritional target for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Autopercepción de habilidades de lectura crítica en estudiantes de ciencias de la educación
Authors: Díaz Juan Pablo , Bar Aníbal Roque , Ortiz Margarita Cristina
Published: December 2015

Este artículo propone identificar habilidades de lectura crítica autopercibidas por estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación de una universidad pública de la ciudad de Resistencia (Chaco – Argentina). Se trabajó con una muestra de sesenta alumnos del cuarto y quinto nivel del Profesorado y la Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación, aplicando un cuestionario estructurado (CPC2), elaborado y estandarizado por Santiuste Bermejo. Si bien dicho instrumento indaga la percepciones respecto de las habilidades de lectura, escritura y verbalización, en esta ocasión se investigó sólo el primer tópico. Los ítems seleccionados para el análisis de la información se agruparon conforme con los procesos cognitivos que se describen en cada caso: en primera instancia, aquellos que dan cuenta de habilidades vinculadas con el análisis previo a lectura; y en la segunda, en relación con el propio examen crítico. . Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los estudiantes señala reconocer ideas relevantes y tesis, realizar inferencias, valorar soluciones, apreciar la vigencia del contenido y los argumentos para la toma de decisiones fundadas. No obstante, se observa cierta ambigüedad en relación con la habilidad para acordar o no con la postura de los autores. Estos  hallazgos son consistentes con lo esperado de estudiantes de carreras multiparadigmáticas.
Factores que inciden en las condiciones de empleabilidad de los egresados en pedagogía
Authors: Geeregat Vera Orietta , Cifuentes Gómez Gonzalo , Villarroel Farías Mari Carmen
Published: December 2015

En Chile, tras 30 años de liberalización del sistema de Educación Superior, la oferta de carreras de pedagogía se ha incrementado sobre el resto de las carreras, lo que ha constituido uno de los factores en la disminución de los niveles de exigencia al ingreso. Bajo este contexto y ante las críticas a la calidad de los programas de formación de profesores y las competencias que estos desarrollan durante la carrera, surge el cuestionamiento de identificar, además de la calidad de los programas de formación, qué otros elementos influyen en las condiciones de empleabilidad de los titulados de pedagogía. En este sentido, el ensayo operacionaliza el constructo empleabilidad, revisa sus distintas formas de medición y elabora una propuesta al respecto. Entre los principales resultados es posible precisar que el constructo empleabilidad reúne una serie de factores dinámicos que han sido clasificados en externos al sujeto e internos a él. Algunos externos son el prestigio de la universidad, la influencia del establecimiento educacional de origen y el salario. Entre los factores internos, se describe la influencia de los resultados en pruebas estandarizadas, la adaptación al contexto y la percepción de autoeficacia, entre otras. Los factores recién descritos, han sido regularmente observados de forma independiente, lo que a juicio de los autores, limitaría las opciones de análisis del fenómeno. Por lo anterior, se propone una mirada que integre dichos factores y considere elementos de contexto que permitan estudiar la empleabilidad como un constructo complejo, considerando la influencia que ejerce el entorno.
Imaginarios sociales en torno al comportamiento ciudadano docente: una mirada desde la formación inicial docente
Authors: Cárcamo Vásquez Héctor , Méndez Bustos Pablo
Published: December 2015

En este artículo se analizan los imaginarios sociales que se configuran en el ejercicio docente desde la mirada de los estudiantes de las carreras de pedagogía de una Universidad Pública de la Región del Bío-Bío en Chile. La metodología del estudio fue de carácter cualitativa, la información se recolectó mediante grupos de discusión según carreras. El análisis de contenido se sustentó en la estrategia temática con base en la semántica estructural y en la acción situación. Además, se utilizaron las dimensiones del comportamiento ciudadano docente desarrolladas y la Teoría de los Imaginarios Sociales. Dentro de los resultados relevantes se encuentra que un docente que sustenta su actuar en la ciudadanía promueve, según los estudiantes, un clima adecuado en la formación inicial; por cuanto genera desafíos y motivación extra en el desarrollo de las asignaturas. A modo de conclusión, se logra establecer que el comportamiento ciudadano docente es influido por las dimensiones teóricas, cortesía docente y praxis pedagógica; lo cual presenta una valoración positiva por parte de los estudiantes, puesto que influye la formación inicial y su quehacer docente.
The roles of the instructors in an ESP-task based language teaching course
Authors: Vargas Vásquez José Miguel , Moya Chaves Maciel , Garro Morales Carolina
Published: December 2015

The graduate program in Teaching English at the University of Costa Rica offers yearly English courses to satisfy the language learning needs at different departments, research centers, or similar institutions. The objective of this article was to analyze the extent to which a group of student teachers fulfilled the roles of the instructors in the Task Based Language Teaching method used in the graduate program.  The study used a mixed-methods approach and the subjects were three instructors during their teaching practicum. The roles of the instructors were assessed by the practicum supervisors, fellow students in the practicum, the students in the course, and the instructors themselves through rubrics, observation sheets, surveys, and teaching journals. The results from the different instruments using different scales pointed to the instructors fulfilling the roles of sequencing tasks and motivating the learners a majority of the times. The roles of preparing the learners for tasks and raising consciousness were fulfilled to a lesser extent, which indicated that the instructors needed to work further on these areas. The study concluded with recommendations for improving the roles that revealed weaknesses, notably aimed to provide a manageable numbers of vocabulary items and grammar structures in the pretask, as well as to provide prompt feedback, and to elicit students’ knowledge for the development of lessons.
Energy efficient school building concept and constructive solutions
Authors: Boros I. , Nagy-György T. , Dan D.
Published: December 2015

The paper presents significant aspects regarding the concept and details of constructive solutions used to design and implement an energy efficient school building in Romania. Although the site is in a moderate seismic zone, the structural needs of the building impose specific insulation solutions for making the passive house concept applicable. Renewable energy sources are also applied to optimize the maintenance cost and to reduce the payback period to a feasible level. In order to prove the benefits of the solutions, to justify the higher initial investment, to improve the real-time energy consumption of the building, as well as to keep track of the internal climate parameters, a complex monitoring system was planned and implemented. Details and correlation between specific details and temperature sensors distribution are also presented.
An updated checklist of Chondrichthyes from the southeast Pacific off Peru
Authors: Cornejo Rodolfo , Vélez-Zuazo Ximena , González-Pestana Adriana , Kouri J. Carlos , Mucientes Gonzalo
Published: December 2015

The first updated and comprehensive checklist of Chondrichthyes from the southeast Pacific off Peru, based on the revision of scientific literature, is presented. The group of Chondrichthyes in the Peruvian coast is composed of 115 species that include 66 species of sharks, 43 species of batoids, and six species of chimaeras. We present nine new records and one recent discovery obtained from secondary sources. For some species, we also compiled the extensions in the geographic distributions.
Obyektifikasi Konsep Perburuhan Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Jalil Abdul
Published: December 2015

The problem of labor is one of the key issues in the global era that invokes
some important questions concerning value, technicality of being human, and the notion
of choice. The idea of labor is closely related to the realization of human’s potentiality in
its multidimensional complexity as well as with social structure and national identity of
man. This problem of labor is to do not only with economy, but also with social and
political system of a nation. In dealing with labor, there always been a tension between
capital-owners, laborers, government and even international political power. As a religion
that is said to have made economics its “curriculum”, Islam does have an “objectivied”
concept of labor represented in a kind of partnership that combines shirkah ‘ina>n and
ija>rah. This partnership necessitates that all parties involved share profit-loss, if any. In
this way, no party –be him laborer, capital-owner, or government- is loosing. Moreover,
this system offers three advantages, e.g employee-ownership, production-sharing and
profit-sharing.
Signifikansi Pendekatan Fenomenologi terhadap Dinamika Religious Studies: Kajian atas Pemikiran Dauglas Allen
Authors: Susanto Edi
Published: December 2015

Researches in religious studies—as well as Islamic studies—often use
approaches that lead to simplistic and reductionist conclusions. This indeed runs counter
to the substance of pluralism which is rich in its symbol and intensional representation.
This article is an effort to describe the significance of the phenomenological approach to
the study of religion by using the works of Douglas Allen as the main entrance. In doing
so, it tries to understand religious data from the epoche, eidetic and verstehen perspectives
in a way that just and balanced conclusion may be reached.
Ijtihad dalam Perspektif Ulama Shî‘Ah Ithnâ Asharîyah
Authors: Baharun Mohammad
Published: December 2015

For Shî‘ah Ithna Asyarîyah, ijtihâd (intellectual exercise to extrapolate rules

from their sources) is an imperative logical practice. Like Sunnism, this school of thought

requires that a mujtahid (the one who exercises ijtihâd) has high intellectual qualifications

and that tight conditions should be applied to him. To this branch of Shi’ism, a mujtahid

has a special place and respected status within its social and religious hierarchy. He

represents the missing imam (Imam Mahdi) whom every one in Shi’ism is waiting for his

return. With ijtihâd attached to his shoulder, he is considered to be more important as he
holds the task of safeguarding and preserving religion.
Kontraversi tentang Tersihirnya Nabi Muhammad saw.
Authors: Zuhdi Dh Achmad
Published: December 2015

The prophetic saying (hadith) that speaks of the prophet being influenced by the soothsayer has been a subject of controversy among the Muslims over centuries. Some ‘ulama argue that that hadith is not authentic on the ground that it is not logical and is not in line with the very teaching of the Qur’an, sound reason and the overall tenets of Islam. The Mu’tazlites are among those who belong to this group. Among the legalists, there are outstanding ‘ulama who are also against this hadith such as Abu Ishaq al-Istarbadi of Shafi’iyyah, Abu Bakr al-Razi al-Jassas of Hanafiyyah, and Ibn Hazm al-Dhahabi of Zahiriyyah. In addition, Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Ridha are listed among the modern scholars who strongly argue against it. Other group of ‘ulama nonetheless argue that that hadith is sound and authentic both in terms of its chain of narration as well as in terms of its text. Imam al-Bukhari, Imam Muslim and Ibn Qayyim belong to this second group of ‘ulama. How do these two groups of ‘ulama with conflicting views develop their argument on the subject, is the question that this paper is interested in answering.
Hadîth-Hadîth Daîf dalam Kitab Şahîh Al-Bukhârî
Authors: Djamaluddin Burhan
Published: December 2015

Sahih al-Bukhari is one of the most well-known books on prophetic sayings that contains a good deal of authentic hadith. That this book is considered authoritative by a great number of Muslims over centuries is in itself an indication that it is an extraordinary piece of work. The author of the book, al-Bukhari was very careful in selecting the prophetic sayings and do not include the weak hadiths in his collection. However upon a closer scrutiny, there are indeed weak hadiths in the book. And the weakness lies in both the chain of narration and in the texts of the hadith narrated. With regard to the former, the weakness is due to the fact that the names of narrators in some hadiths are not clearly mentioned. This results in some hadiths being baseless and having no relation with some other hadiths. As to the latter, the weakness is due to the inclusion of the sayings and the deeds of the prophet’s disciples without there being approval (taqrīr) from the prophet concerning the acceptability of those sayings and deeds. The weak hadiths can nonetheless be elevated by rule to the higher status of good hadith on condition that the weak hadith receives a support from other authentic hadith.
Beberapa Faktor Sosio-Antropologis yang Mendorong Perlunya Reformulasi Pemikiran Hukum dalam Islam
Authors: Roibin Roibin
Published: December 2015

We have moved away from the era of the prophet, the exemplary disciples of the prophet, the founders of the madhhab, and the era of the classical ‘ulama. This periodical “moving away” has a tremendous impact on the way we understand Islam. While the revelation has long been ceased since the passing away of the prophet, our social and cultural problems have at the same time increased and intensified. This requires a serious ijtihad to solve some serious problems facing our society. We are obliged to exercise our utmost intellectual ability to extrapolate what Islam has to say concerning these problems. During the lifetime of the prophet, Muslims could consult him on all issues facing them. Vis-à-vis this, the prophet could always offer a satisfactory answer due to his prudence, intellectual acumen, and indeed divine guidance. Muslims living in the post-prophetic eras have to accept that the prophet is no longer with them. They have to rely on their ability to do the ijtihad by interpreting and reinterpreting the divine texts, articulating the views of the previous ‘ulama, and proposing new ideas in line with the spirit of the Qur’ân and the prophetic tradition. This paper deals with the complexity of ijtihad in modern time by highlighting the necessity of reformulating the Islamic thought on Divine Law so that the teachings of Islam may stay relevant to the demand of modern man.
Ekonomi dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Anwar Moch. Khoirul
Published: December 2015

Economic misbehavior would certainly impact on the economic performance of a society. As a religion, Islam realizes this and knows that economic misconduct must be diagnosed. Islam encourages that in order for the economic sustenance to be materialized human and natural resources must be explored to the maximum. Economic sustenance is the goal for any country. And Islam supports a policy toward that sustenance. The fact that Islam loves a strong society means that this religion supports a sound economic policy that would work toward the realization of a well-off society. The Qur’ân states that one must explore the world and seek the providence of God. To “explore the world” is a divine command. The logic behind this command is that, first, one must work to earn fortune so that his worldly needs can be met, and second, he must develop a system so that he may earn the fortune both in legitimate and progressive way. In Islam, working is a form of worship. It is therefore rewarding. But Islam also encourages that we develop a comprehensive, holistic, realistic, just, responsible, and balanced economic system so that our economic sustenance may be realized. Islam believes that the goal of any economic sustenance is the materialization of social and economic welfare. All members of society irrespective of their race, religion and color must benefit from that sustenance.
Dimensi Sosiologis Sufisme dalam Lintasan Sejarah: dari Asketisme Sufisme-Klasik hingga Post-Modernisme
Authors: Nurhayati Ifa
Published: December 2015

Sufism has evolved from time to time and from society to another by presenting itself in various forms and ways. By virtue of its tenets, Sufism has influenced many societies and different cultures. Sufis have played a significant role in their respective societies as religious mentors or else as political advisors. Many of them have otherwise stood in opposition to the political authority and proposed a better way of running the society. Across history, Sufism has shown itself as a dynamic and innovative social and religious force. In the final analysis, Sufism cannot be ignored as the major contributor to the structure of Islamic civilization. In the meantime, the social and religious malaises that we witness in modern time have called Sufism into play. Modernism has produced an unbalanced life, triggering the absolutistic way of life where a man is aware only of his physical dimension and ignoring his spiritual inner being. Here, Sufism can play its important role. The modern intellectual paradigm that puts more emphasis on empiricism and rationalism and produces as a result the positivistic mode of thinking has paved the way for Sufism to occur and recur as the dominant player in the domain of man-personality building. This paper is concerned with this issue and other related problems. Putting in mind that Sufism has its social dimension the paper believes that it has something to offer for modern men living in time of great uncertainty.
Studi Kritis atas Metode Tafsir Tematis al-Qur’an
Authors: Kaltsum Lilik Ummi
Published: December 2015

This article is about a critical study of the thematic method of the Qur’an. It studies the nature of the method and provides a critical assessment of it. One of the gaps that the study will try to fill in is the lack of attention being given to the context out of which any particular text was revealed. The thematic approach is not particularly good at looking at the backgrounds of the text. It is this shortcoming that the paper will try to evaluate critically. It argues that the task of any interpreter of a text has been to understand first and foremost the surroundings that shape the text and constitute part and parcel of it. This understanding would determine the nature of the text and help guide the interpreter in the process of interpretation. The meaning of a text can change according to its context. The same word can infer to a different subject also according to the context. The paper will further elaborate this point further so as to give a clear idea that a thematic approach cannot ignore this aspect of exegesis.
Akar-akar Transnasionalisme Islam Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI)
Authors: Hilmy Masdar
Published: December 2015

This paper tries to trace and analyze the roots of“Islamic transnationalism” or “transnational Islam” in Indonesia through the lens of the three theoretical frameworks that I borrowed from Mandaville as follows: (1) travelling theory; (2) hibridity theory, and; (3) diasphora theory. The paper focuses its analysis on an Islamic movement who carries the ideology of “Islamic transnationalism” (khilâ fah Islâmiyah), namely Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Before delving into the details of HTI’s ideological roots of transnational Islam, however, a conceptual definition of “transnational Islam” will be elucidated in advance.
Biogas Tinja Manusia dalam Perspektif Fiqih-Kimia
Authors: Ummi Khoiriyah Wawan Juandi Muhyiddin Khatib
Published: December 2015

Energy is one of the most important factors to global prosperity. The dependence on fossil fuels as primary energy source has led to global climate change, environmental degradation, and human health problems. In order to reduce dependence on commercial energy, steps have been taken to develop an alternative source, such as biogas. Biogas was a gas produced from biological activities in anaerobic fermentation processes and as a renewable energy. Biogas is one form of the alternative energy. It is environmentally friendly. However, biogas and its utilization still pose a serious problem within Muslim community, especially the pesantren. It is not easy for the pesantren to accept it on jurisprudential grounds. This paper attempts to examine the nature of biogas by looking at it as a human waste, and how does Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) treat human waste particularly in terms of its use for human purpose. The paper also compares fiqh perspective with that of chemistry. The underlining argument that the paper tries to build is that legal compound component of human waste biogas (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) is sacred, and must therefore be treated accordingly
Egalitarianisme Fiqh Muâmalah dalam Sistem Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Maksum Moh. Asra
Published: December 2015

This paper tries to explore the fact that transaction constitutes the most important aspect of Islamic jurisprudence, commonly called fiqh. The paper tries to deal with this aspect in terms of the legal thought of Islam and relates it with the modern concept of egalitarianism. It argues that although egalitarianism becomes the most important value in the legal thought of Islam—as it is clear in the concept of transaction—the tension toward establishing this value has not been easy. This paper hence, does not deal merely with the normative aspect of the value, but also the history behind its establishment. In a way, the paper understands that both the concept of transaction in Islamic legal thought and the concept of egalitarianism share common grounds in that both are about equality, justice, right and obligation. Equality is strongly upheld in Islamic legal thoughts so much so that it is considered as the most driving legal concept in Islamic economics. Hence, the paper partly argues that the characteristic of Islamic economics is equality, nothing else.
Presiden Non-Muslim dalam Komunitas Masyarakat Muslim
Authors: Silvita Mary
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the notion of state and leadership according to the contemporary Islamic thought. To be more precise, the paper asks whether it is possible for a non-Muslim to be the president of the majority Muslim country. To answer this, the paper will dwell into the problem of citizenship both in classical and modern Islamic thought by taking into account the political and social situation that shapes this thought. The paper maintains that many Muslims—both in the past and at the present—fail to offer a proper discourse on statehood and leadership in Islamic perspective. The mainstream discourse on this issue—the paper argues—is that which keeps in a good balance the notion of religiosity and citizenship. The rightwing Muslims will provide a textual understanding of the problem, while the left-wing will otherwise offer a secular interpretation of it. This paper will try to keep the two in a balance, and present a fair understanding of what the Qur'an and the Sunnah say about the problem at hand.
Pengalaman Muhammadiyah Membumikan Nilai-nilai Pluralisme
Authors: Biyanto Biyanto
Published: December 2015

This article deals with the issue of religious pluralism in the view of the leading authorities within Muhammadiyah. The paper argues that the scholars of the organization develop a unique view of religious pluralism in line with the vision of the founding fathers. Apart from some “discursive distortion” that these scholars might have undergone in the process of developing the discourse, their view deserves some appreciation for its depth and originality. The paper tries to show that there is indeed a tension between the cadres of the organization on the problem at hand. To dwell into this tension, the paper distinguishes between two major groups within the organization, namely that which accepts the notion of religious pluralism, and that which rejects it. The former includes such well-known scholars as Syafii Maarif, Amin Abdullah, Abdul Munir Mulkhan, and Moeslim Abdurrahman, whereas the latter includes the preachers and mosque-activists. Apart from these two groups, the paper will also look at the particular role that the Muhammadiyah’s Youth Movement has played in discourse-development among the members of the organization. Hence, the areas that the paper will cover include those that have been well-represented by the most admitted elements of the organization.
Dinamika Kehidupan Beragama Kaum Nahdiyin-Salafi di Pamekasan Madura
Authors: Hasan Nor
Published: December 2015

In principle, the Salafi-Islam attempts to call for genuine Islamic teaching as practiced during the period of the Prophet. Salafi-Islam came to Indonesia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, then spread to different places in the Archipelago. In Larangan, Pamekasan, the spread of Salafi-Islam is still in its nascent stage, from person-to-person, and appears as a small phenomenon in the midst of predominantly mainstream Islam. Salafi teachings spread through different forms of communication media (radios, televisions, magazines, and books) and religious practices of its  proponents. The movement manifests itself in the pratices of rituals, not in politics. The implication of encounter between salafi-Islam and NU as the mainstream religious group in Pamekasan is as follows: (1) religous life in Pamekasan becomes more dynamic; (2) there emerges inward-looking attitude at their own religous practices as well as outward-looking attitude to the others. This phenomenon can be observed among more educated members of the society. Among the common people, however, there are two types of attitude: ignorance and negative reaction; and (3) an attempt to search for the common ground and dialogue among different religious communities is being conducted.
Postharvest biological control of brown rot in peaches after cold storage preceded by preharvest chemical control 1
Authors: Pavanello Elizandra Pivotto , Brackmann Auri , Thewes Fabio Rodrigo , Venturini Thiago Liberalesso , Weber Anderson , Blume Elena
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Pathogenic fungi cause skin darkening and peach quality depreciation in post harvest. Therefore, alternative techniques to chemical treatment are necessary in order to reduce risks to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of Trichoderma harzianum in association with different fungicides applied before harvest to 'Eldorado' peaches for brown rot control and other quality parameters during storage. The treatments consisted of five preharvest fungicide applications (control, captan, iprodione, iminoctadine and tebuconazole) associated with postharvest application of T. harzianum, after cold storage (with and without application), in three evaluation times (zero, two and four days at 20 °C), resulting in a 5x2x3 factorial design. The application of T. harzianum only brought benefits to the control of brown rot when combined with the fungicide captan, at zero day shelf life. After two days, there was a greater skin darkening in peaches treated with T. harzianum compared with peaches without the treatment, except for peaches treated with the fungicide iprodione and T. harzianum The application of T. harzianum during postharvest showed no benefits for the control of brown rot, however, the association with fungicides reduced the incidence of Rhizopus stolonifer during the shelf life.
Divergência genética por análise multivariada de caracteres fenotípicos de Anacardium humile (St. Hilaire)1
Authors: Santos Rosinalva da Cunha dos , Santos Júnior José Eustáquio dos
Published: December 2015

RESUMO A espécie Anacardium humile (St. Hilaire) é uma fruteira nativa do Cerrado, utilizada tradicionalmente, tanto no consumo in natura como na forma de sucos, doces e geleias, mas ainda pouco explorada economicamente. Em uma área de cerrado campo sujo, com transição para cerrado campo rupestre, localizada no município de Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 38 genótipos de uma população dessa espécie foram estudados; com o objetivo de avaliar a diversidade fenotípica, estimada por análise multivariada, bem como características morfológicas promissoras para programas de melhoramento e conservação. Assim, o estudo mostrou variabilidade genética satisfatória dentro da população estudada, destacando-se os genótipos 6, 10, 24, 36 e 38 por elevada produção de frutos e maiores pedúnculos e por se apresentarem distantes geneticamente, sendo indicados para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento genético, para serem multiplicados e utilizados em plantios comerciais e de conservação da espécie.
Levantamento fitossociológico e produção de forragem em pasto de capim-gordura
Authors: Santos Márcia Vitória , Ferreira Evander Alves , Fonseca Dilermando Miranda da , Ferreira Lino Roberto , Santos Leonardo David Tuffi , Silva Daniel Valadão
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de efetuar o levantamento fitossociológico em um pasto de capim-gordura (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv), que vinha sendo pastejado por bovinos de corte, há mais de dez anos, sem estratégia de manejo definida. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa, MG. Para avaliação das características fitossociológicas e da massa seca das plantas daninhas e da forrageira, utilizou-se o método do quadrado inventário, aplicando-se um quadrado de 0,25 m2, lançado, ao acaso, 40 vezes, na pastagem, perfazendo uma área amostral de 10 m2. Em toda a área experimental, foram identificadas 31 espécies e 12 famílias botânicas, tendo como destaque as famílias Poaceae, com oito espécies, e Asteraceae, com sete espécies. A forrageira cultivada M. minutiflora P.Beauv, corresponde a 24,26% da produção total de massa seca, entre espécies levantadas na área. Estes resultados indicam estádio avançado de degradação do pasto de capim-gordura, com elevada infestação por plantas daninhas, inclusive espécies consideradas tóxicas, epinescentes e de alta competitividade com as forrageiras, o que o caracteriza como pasto de baixa capacidade de suporte.
Probiotic supplementation in diet and vaccination of hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum♀ x P. corruscans♂)
Authors: Pereira Gabriella do Vale , Jesus Gabriel Fernandes Alves , Vieira Felipe do Nascimento , Pereira Scheila Anelise , Ushizima Thiago Tetsuo , Mouriño José Luiz Pedreira , Martins Maurício Laterça
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: A supplementary diet with the probiotic bacteria Weissella cibaria on the efficacy of surubim hybrid immunization against a specific hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated on the following treatments: fish fed a supplemented probiotic diet, vaccinated fish and vaccinated fish fed a supplemented probiotic diet, and untreated fish (control). Fish from the probiotic treatments were fed a diet containing W. cibaria for 41 days. On the 15th day of the experiment, fish from vaccine treatments were intraperitoneally vaccinated, with posterior oral booster for four days. One week after the oral booster, three fish from each experimental unit were sampled. The probiotic supplementation increased the number of thrombocytes and lysozyme concentration compared with surubim that did not receive W. cibaria in the diet. On the other hand, the vaccination increased agglutination titer, lysozyme concentration, and antimicrobial activity compared with surubim that were not vaccinated. However, there was no interaction between diet with probiotics and vaccination in the surubim hybrid in the analysed parameters.
Pseudoaneurisma da artéria poplítea em um paciente com Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos Tipo VI
Authors: Linardi Fábio , Zbeidi Jorge Augusto Leite , Kaida Carolina Mamy , Brito Luis Carlos Mendes de , Bolognesi Luis Eduardo , Angelieri Fernanda Maria Resegue , Vieira Marta Wey , Costa José Augusto
Published: December 2015

Resumo A Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) é uma rara doença hereditária do tecido conjuntivo proveniente de uma alteração da síntese do colágeno. A principal característica da EDS é a extrema fragilidade do tecido conjuntivo, que pode resultar em rotura uterina, perfuração intestinal espontânea e várias doenças vasculares como aneurismas, pseudoaneurismas, dissecções arteriais e roturas espontâneas. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 11 anos de idade que apresentava tumor pulsátil na fossa poplítea esquerda após trauma leve com bola de futebol. Diagnosticado pseudoaneurisma de artéria poplítea pelo doppler arterial, confirmado através da angiografia, optou-se pela exploração arterial e devido à fragilidade da parede não foi possível a sua reconstrução. Realizada a ligadura simples da artéria proximal. Evoluiu com isquemia grave do membro e após autorização da família foi realizada a sua amputação. No segundo dia do pós-operatório o paciente apresentou uma dissecção aguda da aorta torácica, evoluindo a óbito.
Parenting Programs to Prevent Corporal Punishment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santini Paolla Magioni , Williams Lucia CA
Published: December 2015

Abstract Studies have shown that corporal punishment against children is a common family practice, causing damage to child development. Considering that parents are the main perpetrators of this type of aggression, parenting programs are needed to raise children without violence. This study aimed at performing a systematic review of parenting programs evaluations to reduce corporal punishment. Intervention procedures, as well as design, results and limitations were identified for each study. The PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used for reporting the results. A literature survey was conducted in Brazilian databases, as well as English ones from 1994-2014. One Brazilian study and eight international studies were selected as relevant, and only four used randomized controlled trials (RCT). All studies reported satisfactory results in decreasing aggression by parents against their children. Further research in the area with solid methodology is recommended.
Predictors of red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lopes Camila Takao , Brunori Evelise Helena Fadini Reis , Cavalcante Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer , Moorhead Sue Ann , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de
Published: December 2015

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) after cardiac surgery. METHOD A prospective cohort study performed with 323 adults after cardiac surgery, from April to December of 2013. A data collection instrument was constructed by the researchers containing factors associated with excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery, as found in the literature, for investigation in the immediate postoperative period. The relationship between risk factors and the outcome was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS The factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period included lower height and weight, decreased platelet count, lower hemoglobin level, higher prevalence of platelet count <150x10 3/mm3, lower volume of protamine, longer duration of anesthesia, higher prevalence of intraoperative RBCT, lower body temperature, higher heart rate and higher positive end-expiratory pressure. The independent predictor was weight <66.5Kg. CONCLUSION Factors associated with RBCT in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery were found. The independent predictor was weight.
A qualidade da educação superior e o complexo exercício de propor indicadores
Authors: MOROSINI MARILIA COSTA , FERNANDES CLEONI MARIA BARBOSA , LEITE DENISE , FRANCO MARIA ESTELA DAL PAI , CUNHA MARIA ISABEL DA , ISAIA SILVIA MARIA AGUIAR
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Este artigo sintetiza algumas reflexões sobre a qualidade da educação superior realizadas no Projeto Observatório da Educação Superior, desenvolvido pela Rede Sulbrasileira de Investigadores de Educação Superior – RIES/CAPES/INEP. A metodologia, com diferentes procedimentos quantiqualitativos, aponta a complexidade de serem propostos indicadores de avaliação que assumem o caráter contextualizado e temporal da universidade e a multirreferencialidade como valor. A análise dos dados é acompanhada de interpretação teórica geral do projeto e específica de eixos que relacionam qualidade da educação superior aos temas de internacionalização, gestão, ensino de graduação, inovação, formação e desenvolvimento profissional docente. Constroem-se, assim, indicadores que auxiliam a percepção sobre a qualidade e oferecem contribuições.
Avaliar e gerir: força e miséria de um ideário presente nas políticas educacionais contemporâneas
Authors: ALVES WANDERSON FERREIRA
Published: December 2015

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é indagar criticamente o projeto de mensuração do trabalho pedagógico presente em algumas das políticas educacionais contemporâneas, bem como o alcance da racionalidade gerencial que a acompanha, confrontando ambas à complexidade da atividade humana de trabalho. Trata-se de um texto de natureza teórica, elaborado com base em pesquisas no âmbito da educação e das ciências do trabalho. A primeira seção do artigo busca caracterizar as fontes e o alcance do "novo" management na educação. Na segunda seção, em uma direção inversa à precedente, a ideia é evidenciar limites e impasses da educação escolar orientada pela racionalidade gerencial. Na terceira seção, o propósito é discutir a dinâmica das situações de trabalho, a complexidade da atividade humana e os desafios que certos desenvolvimentos no mundo do trabalho atual impõem a toda tentativa de mensuração do trabalho. O texto finaliza com uma breve síntese das questões tratadas.
Effect of fibre type on the compressive and tensile strength of a soft soil chemically stabilised
Authors: Venda Oliveira P. J. , Correia A. A. S. , Teles J. M. N. P. C. , Custódio D. G.
Published: December 2015

This study compared the performance of steel and polypropylene fibres, with a dosage of 50 kg/m3, used to reinforce a soft soil chemically stabilised for a constant binder quantity of 375 kg/m3. The experimental programme is comprised by the study of four kinds of fibres with four types of tests, to evaluate the unconfined compressive strength, direct tensile strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The results indicate that the reinforcement with fibres decreases the brittleness of the composite material and that the highest ductility is obtained with the use of poltpropylene fibres. The experiments show that the effect of the inclusion of fibres in the soil–binder paste depends on the type of fibre and the failure mechanism, i.e., the strain level imposed by each kind of test. Thus, although the use of any type of fibres has a detrimental impact (17 to 32%) on the compressive strength, but it has a positive effect on the tensile strength when evaluated by flexural strength tests (25 to 147%). However, if the tensile strength is characterised by split tensile strength tests, the addition of steel or polyproylene fibres has a negligible or a positive impact (2 to 47%), respectively, while the results of direct tensile strength tests indicate the positive impact of steel fibres (16 to 27%) and a detrimental effect of the polypropylene fibres (35 to 45%).
A Randomized Study Comparing Parathyroidectomy with Cinacalcet for Treating Hypercalcemia in Kidney Allograft Recipients with Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Cruzado Josep M. , Moreno Pablo , Torregrosa José V. , Taco Omar , Mast Richard , Gómez-Vaquero Carmen , Polo Carolina , Revuelta Ignacio , Francos José , Torras Joan , García-Barrasa Arantxa , Bestard Oriol , Grinyó Josep M.
Published: December 2015

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a common cause of hypercalcemia after kidney transplant. We designed this 12-month, prospective, multicenter, open–label, randomized study to evaluate whether subtotal parathyroidectomy is more effective than cinacalcet for controlling hypercalcemia caused by persistent hyperparathyroidism after kidney transplant. Kidney allograft recipients with hypercalcemia and elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration were eligible if they had received a transplant ≥6 months before the study and had an eGFR>30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with normocalcemia at 12 months. Secondary end points were serum iPTH concentration, serum phosphate concentration, bone mineral density, vascular calcification, renal function, patient and graft survival, and economic cost. In total, 30 patients were randomized to receive cinacalcet (n=15) or subtotal parathyroidectomy (n=15). At 12 months, ten of 15 patients in the cinacalcet group and 15 of 15 patients in the parathyroidectomy group (P=0.04) achieved normocalcemia. Normalization of serum phosphate concentration occurred in almost all patients. Subtotal parathyroidectomy induced greater reduction of iPTH and associated with a significant increase in femoral neck bone mineral density; vascular calcification remained unchanged in both groups. The most frequent adverse events were digestive intolerance in the cinacalcet group and hypocalcemia in the parathyroidectomy group. Surgery would be more cost effective than cinacalcet if cinacalcet duration reached 14 months. All patients were alive with a functioning graft at the end of follow-up. In conclusion, subtotal parathyroidectomy was superior to cinacalcet in controlling hypercalcemia in these patients with kidney transplants and persistent hyperparathyroidism.
Adli Tıp uzmanlık Eğitimi Gelişmeler ve Değişiklikler
Authors: Aktaş Ekin Özgür
Published: December 2015

Bilindiği gibi Adli Tıp, uzmanlık eğitimini tartışmaya ve standartlaştırmaya önem veren ve bu konuda çalışmalara erken başlayan uzmanlık dallarından birisi olmuştur. 1992 yılında Uzmanlık Derneği toplantılarında başlayan çalışmalar artarak devam etmiş, 2004 yılında çekirdek eğitim müfredatı çalışmaları tamamlanmıştır. Sağlık Bakanlığınca Uzmanlık Eğitimi ile ilgili mevzuatta yapılan değişiklikler sonrasında da, tüm uzmanlık alanlarında olduğu gibi Adli Tıp Uzmanlık alanı için de müfredat oluşturma sistemi kapsamında, Tıpta Uzmanlık Kurulu 1. Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitim Komisyonu tarafından 2011 yılında “Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitimi Çekirdek Programı (V.1.0)” hazırlanmıştır (1). Bu program daha sonra 2. Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitim Komisyonu tarafından geliştirilerek 2013 yılında “Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitimi Çekirdek Müfredatı(V.2.0)” hazırlanmış ve TUK web sitesinde yayınlanmıştır (2).Tıpta Uzmanlık Kurulu’nun (TUK) oluşturulması ve yetkileri ile ilgili yasal tartışma sürecinin yapılan mevzuat değişiklikleri ile aşılması sonrasında tüm tıp dal ve yan dal uzmanlık alanlarında daha önce hazırlanan çekirdek eğitim müfredatlarının gözden geçirilmesi ve TUK kararı ile yasallaştırılması süreci başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda 2014 yılında göreve başlayan Tıpta Uzmanlık Kurulu Müfredat Oluşturma Sistemi (TUKMOS) 3. Dönem Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitim Komisyonu çalışmalara başlamıştır. TUKMOS 3. Dönem komisyonu daha önceki komisyonlarca hazırlanan çekirdek eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesi ve resmileştirilmesi sürecinde görev almaktadır (3). Bu nedenle TUKMOS 3. Dönem Adli Tıp Komisyonunca, daha önce hazırlanan taslak müfredatlar gözden geçirilerek gerekli revizyonlar yapılmış, hazırlanan çekirdek eğitim programı TUK tarafından kabul edilerek 09.06.2015 tarihinden itibaren yürürlüğe girmiştir (4). Adli Tıp uzmanlık eğitimi çekirdek müfredatları ile ilgili bu çalışmalar devam ederken Tıpta ve Diş Hekimliğinde Uzmanlık Eğitim Yönetmeliği’nde (TUEY) de bazı değişiklikler yapılmıştır (5). Yukarıda kısaca belirtilen çalışmaların sonuçlarına verilen linklerden ulaşabilmek mümkündür. Ancak konu ile ilgili yönetmelik, TUK kararları ve TUKMOS 3. Dönem Komisyon Çalışmaları sonucu resmileşen çekirdek eğitim müfredatı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde Adli Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitimi ile ilgili bazı önemli başlıkları tekrar hatırlama ve olası yeni çalışmalar için bilgilenmenin sağlanmasında yarar görülmüştür.
Cinsel İstismar ve Çocukluk Çağı Gebelikler 111 Olguda Analitik Değerlendirme
Authors: Aydın Berna , Turla Ahmet , Dündar Cihad
Published: December 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of abuse suffered by children exposed to sexual abuse resulting in pregnancy, the features of those pregnancies, and the scale of the psychological impact involved.Materials and Methods: Patient records for 111 children under the age of 18 who became pregnant as a result of sexual abuse and were referred for reports and examination to the Ondokuz Mayıs University Mdical Faculty Forensic Medicine Department over a 6-year period were investigated. Results: Mean age at first pregnancy was 14.51.3 (11-17) years. Of the victims, 41.4% reported that sexual abuse took place due to threats, deception or compulsion, 68.5% reported abuse was repeated, 13.5% fell pregnant as a result of abuse by a member of the family, approximately half of the pregnant children gave birth, approximately half of the babies were placed in care away from the mother and three were adopted. Psychological pathologies due to their experiences developed in half the pregnant victims of abuse, and threats/deception, repeated abuse and presence of incest were identified as risk factors for psychological pathology.Conclusion: Victims of abuse who fall pregnant are exposed to long-term and permanent effects, not just in terms of physical and mental health, but also in the social sphere, such as economic dependence. It should therefore be remembered that these adverse effects in victims of sexual abuse presenting in the acute period can be overcome through the administration of emergency contraception. In victims presenting after the acute period, however,...