bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allelopathic potential and chemical characterisation of ‘flor-de-papagaio’ bark (Norantea guianensis)
Authors: Morbeck de Oliveira Ademir Kleber , Matias Rosemary , Lacerda Pereira Kelly Cristina , Rizzi Elvia Silvia , Isaías Muller Jéssica de Araújo
Published: March 2021

El objetivo fue llevar a cabo la prospección fitoquímica de la cáscara de Norantea guianensis y evaluar su potencial alelopático en la germinación de semillas y el crecimiento inicial de plántulas de lechuga y tomate, utilizando extractos acuosos y etanólicos. Se identificaron compuestos fenólicos y sus derivados, flavonoides y taninos, así como cumarinas, antraquinonas, alcaloides y saponinas. Se produjo interferencia negativa en la germinación y el vigor, especialmente en las semillas de tomate, y los extractos afectaron negativamente el desarrollo de las plántulas. La especie N. guianensis tiene la capacidad de interferir en el desarrollo de otras plantas y por esta razón, su uso debe evaluarse cuidadosamente.

The purpose of thisstudy was to carry out phytochemical prospecting of Norantea guianensis bark and to evaluate its allelopathic potential in seed germination and the initial growth of lettuce and tomato seedlings using aqueous and ethanolic extracts. We identified phenolic compounds and derivatives, flavonoids, and tannins, as well as coumarins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and saponins. Negative interference was observed in germination and vigour tests, mainly in tomato seeds, with extracts negatively affecting seedling development. The species N. guianensis has the ability to interfere in the development of other plants, and for this reason, its use should be carefully evaluated.
Las bibliotecas universitarias argentinas y la educación en línea ante la pandemia por COVID19
Authors: Gaitán Anabel , Coraglia María Inés
Published: March 2021

Nos propusimos identificar el porfolio de servicios de las Bibliotecas Universitarias y sus modificaciones frente a la complejidad causada por la pandemia COVID19, a fin de reconocer las diferentes metodologías de comunicación y gestión de las mismas con su comunidad de usuarios en contextos de aislamiento, y que esto nos permita evaluar los procesos de innovación y cambio en ocasión de la pandemia. Realizamos un relevamiento de información documental a través de los sitios web de las Bibliotecas y las organizaciones que agrupan el colectivo Bibliotecario, con el fin de evaluar y comparar las respuestas de éstas ante la crisis a nivel nacional (Argentina), y de pares en Iberoamérica. Luego se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de información directa al conjunto de 326 Bibliotecas pertenecientes a las 131 Universidades Argentinas. Finalmente arribamos a conclusiones que nos permiten ponderar la identidad de las Bibliotecas Universitarias en la Educación Superior post COVID19.

We set out to identify the service portfolio of the University Libraries and their modifications in the face of the complexity caused by the COVID19 pandemic, in order to recognize their different communication and management methodologies within the community of users in isolation contexts, allowing us to evaluate the processes of innovation and change in the event of the pandemic. We carried out a survey of documentary information through the websites of the Libraries and the organizations that make up the Librarian joint, in order to evaluate and compare their responses to the crisis at national level (Argentina), and peers in Latin America. . Then a direct information collection instrument was applied to the set of 326 Libraries belonging to the 131 Argentine Universities. Finally, we arrived at conclusions that allow us to weigh the identity of the University Libraries in Post-COVID19 Higher Education.
Consideraciones para la gesti n de riesgos a la ciberseguridad y la privacidad de internet de las cosas (IoT)
Authors: Boeckl Katie , Fagan Michael , Fisher William , Lefkovitz Naomi , Megas Katerina N , Nadeau Ellen , O'Rourke Danna Gabel , Piccarreta Ben , Scarfone Karen
Published: March 2021

La internet de las cosas (IoT) es un conjunto de diversas tecnolog as que evolucionan y se difunden con rapidez, y que interact an con el mundo f sico. Muchas organizaciones no se dan cuenta del gran n mero de dispositivos de IoT que ya est n utilizando, ni de que los dispositivos de IoT pueden afectar a los riesgos a la ciberseguridad y la privacidad de manera distinta de los dispositivos de tecnolog a de la informaci n (TI) convencionales. El objetivo de esta publicaci n es ayudar a los organismos federales y otras organizaciones a conocer y gestionar mejor los riesgos a la ciberseguridad y la privacidad asociados con sus dispositivos individuales de IoT durante el ciclo de vida de estos. Esta publicaci n es un documento introductorio que sirve de base para una serie de publicaciones planificadas sobre aspectos m s espec ficos de este tema.
Factors Affecting Fast Food Restaurant Image in Peshawar: Moderating Role of Customer Personality Traits
Authors: Nagy Henrietta , Sana Safdar , Ahmad Wisal , Huseynov Ragif , Jan Muhammad Farooq , Bielik Peter
Published: March 2021

Relating unique identity of product with consumer buying behavior is not so straight forward. Many factors need to be studied in order to investigate this relationship. This study was conducted to see the direct effects of various marketing elements including brand name, service quality, food price and the ambient factors on customer perception about the restaurant image as well as the moderating influence of consumers’ personality traits on such relationship. Data was collected from two hundred and forty customers in six well known restaurants of Peshawar in order to examine the hypothesized relationships. The findings of the study support the hypothesized relationship between the study variables and hence all the hypotheses of the study are supported. The study findings particularly the moderating role of personality traits of restaurant customers’ in building customers’ restaurant perception is of immense importance for academicians in general and restaurant management in particular. The study also presents valuable future research directions which will further this inquiry in future.
GRIS-Montréal, témoin et acteur de l’évolution des attitudes des élèves du secondaire envers la diversité sexuelle
Authors: Vallerand Olivier , Marcotte Sylvie , Lavoie Kévin , Charbonneau Amélie , Houzeau Marie
Published: March 2021

L’article compare l’évolution des attitudes des jeunes rencontrés par le GRIS-Montréal, un organisme qui lutte contre l’homophobie et favorise, par le témoignage, une meilleure connaissance des réalités homosexuelles et bisexuelles en milieu scolaire. Quatre temps de mesure échelonnés entre 2001 et 2017 ont permis de dépouiller 7 122 questionnaires remplis par des élèves du secondaire âgés de 12 à 18 ans (moyenne de 15 ans). Les résultats montrent d’abord qu’un plus grand nombre d’élèves mentionnent aujourd’hui des attirances sexuelles autres que seulement pour le genre opposé. Ils montrent ensuite une évolution positive sur quinze ans des niveaux d’aise des jeunes pour l’ensemble des dimensions étudiées à l’aide du questionnaire. Toutefois, si les niveaux d’aise par rapport à la plupart des dimensions augmentent alors que les jeunes avancent vers l’âge adulte, avec un changement particulier entre 14 et 15 ans, le niveau d’aise par rapport aux droits des personnes gaies et lesbiennes diminue avec l’âge chez les jeunes rencontrés. De plus, alors que le niveau d’aise par rapport aux lesbiennes n’est pas affecté par le genre des répondants, le niveau d’aise par rapport aux gais est significativement plus petit chez les garçons. L’article se termine en discutant la nécessité pour le GRIS-Montréal de répondre aux besoins des jeunes quant à leurs conceptions de plus en plus sophistiquées de l’orientation sexuelle et du genre, ainsi que les défis que posent de tels changements.
Sodium metabisulfite hypersensitivity in urticaria
Authors: Sadowska Beata , Sztormowska Marlena , Gawinowska Marika , Chelminska Marta
Published: March 2021

Background: Sodium metabisulfite is a recognized, but rare, trigger of urticaria, wherein the IgE mechanism has been sporadically proven. The aim of this study was to identify the potential reaction to sodium metabisulfite (MBS) based on a placebo-controlled oral challenge in patients with urticaria and suspected hypersensitivity to food additives. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 adult patients (76 females and 34 males with a mean age of 46 years) were included in the study between 2017 and 2019. All subjects underwent MBS skin prick tests (SPT) and patch tests (PT). Patients with a positive skin test or suspected MBS hypersensitivity were qualified for a placebo-controlled oral challenge (OC). Results: Skin testing was positive in 24 patients: SPT in 20% (n = 22), PT in 5% (n = 6). Out of 64 oral challenges, 13 positive results were obtained. Patients with a positive challenge typed sulfite foods twice as often as a culprit compared to those with a negative OC. Conclusions: In patients with urticaria, both the IgE and non-IgE mechanism of MBS hypersensitivity has been demonstrated. Skin tests with a detailed medical history of potentially guilty foods may be helpful in determining sulfite hypersensitivity.
Study of Asphalt-Concrete Pavement Fatigue Modeling
Authors: Skels Peteris , Haritonovs Viktors , Akishin Pavel , Freimanis Andris
Published: March 2021

Deterioration of asphalt pavements due to fatigue cracking is one of the most common highway pavement failure types. If the fatigue cracks are allowed to develop and grow, the driving comfort and safety, i.e., serviceability of the pavement, decreases. Pavement fatigue behaviour is not a straightforward mechanism and involves many factors and effects, thus computational methods are developed in order to help understand how the pavement works. This paper explores the accuracy and applicability of a less computational resource demanding procedure that uses transient material mechanical behaviour to model the long-term behaviour of a pavement structure. First, the mechanical and fatigue properties of asphalt were determined at the laboratory. Then a four-layer finite-element model was created using Ansys software. Two different models – with and without infinity elements – and two different fatigue simulation procedures – full and simplified – were considered. Material parameters were obtained by the laboratory tests and material properties degraded over time. Cyclic surface loading was applied to simulate the passing of a truck – 6 million fatigue cycles were simulated.
Mitigation of Scour Failure Risk of a River Bridge Located in an Ungauged Basin
Authors: Akay Hüseyin
Published: March 2021

In this study, scour failure risk of the Çatalzeytin Bridge located in the Western Black Sea Basin, Turkey, was assessed for possible future flood events and appropriate scour countermeasures were considered based on economic and constructability considerations. Waterway adequacy in the spans of the bridge and scour criticality around bridge foundations considered for risk calculations in HYRISK were estimated by hydrological and hydraulic analyses of the watershed and stream. Since the watershed of the bridge is ungauged, geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph concept was adopted to estimate the peak discharges with various return periods to be used in hydraulic modelling. Monte Carlo simulation results indicated that most of the simulated peak discharges were in the 95% confidence interval. Hydraulic model results from HECRAS indicated that waterway adequacy and scour criticality were critical for discharges with 200 and 500-year return periods. Scour failure risk of the Çatalzeytin Bridge was classified as high and it was proposed to reduce the risk by constructing partially grouted riprap as the most feasible alternative that would consequently increase the expected lifespan of the bridge. Following this methodology, river bridges may be prioritized based on the risk analysis.
An Efficient Contact Model for Rotating Mechanism Analysis and Design in Bridge Construction
Authors: Huang Shiping , Tang Yong , Yuan Zhaoxun , Cai Xiaopeng
Published: March 2021

The rotation superstructure construction method is a widespread technique in bridge engineering. The critical issue for the successful application of this technique is the contact interface analysis and design for the rotating mechanism. A semi-analytical method predicated upon obtaining a uniform distribution of pressure on the slide plates within the interface is proposed. The surface design typically generates a nonlinear stress distribution. It leads to local damage and local asperity interlocking, which increase the contact friction dramatically during the rotation. In contrast, the proposed approach provides a surface that avoids stress concentrations and is expected to reduce the material cost of the slide plates. The proposed method is verified by the Finite Element Model. It can be used in a broad area involving contacting surface design, especially in the rotating mechanism design for bridge construction.
Numerical Modelling of Displacement Pile Resistance in Sand Ground. Part 1: Soil Physical Model, Calibration of Model Parameters
Authors: Martinkus Vaidas , Norkus Arnoldas , Nagrockienė Džigita
Published: March 2021

Accuracy of numerical modelling of ground resistance of the displacement pile highly depends on proper evaluation of its states: prior loading and its changes during the loading. Evaluation of initial ground stage, its subsequent changes caused by pile installation and, finally, evolution of the loaded pile resistance are the modelling stages that require validation with specialized test results performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Selection of the proper physical soil model and its parameters should be also done in accordance with the relevant soil tests results. The first paper briefly introduces testing results of a displacement pile prototype. Tests were conducted in the created sand deposit in the laboratory pit. Determining pile resistance and ground stress-strain distribution in the vicinity of the pile allows selecting the physical model for the soil. Numerical calibration of the parameters for the physical model of the selected soil was performed. The second, following paper will introduce analyses of pile resistance. It involves creation of a discrete model and its parameters, numerical modelling of pile resistance against vertical load. The pile ground resistance modelling applying the physical model of the selected soil includes the following stages: evaluation at rest stage and assessment of residual effects of installation and displacement pile loading resistance. Numerical analyses results were validated with displacement pile prototype testing results.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE NEW PUBLIC SPACE THROUGH CHANGING DYNAMICS DURING THE COVID 19
Authors: KOCA Arife , TUTAL Osman
Published: March 2021

The epidemic process experienced on a global scale, together with the health field in which it emerged, directly affected daily life from education to tourism, from production to consumption. This effect has been so great. Even the process of returning to normal starting from the first half of 2020 has been defined as the new normal. The new normal has changed the individual’s daily life space and boundaries and imposed restrictions on the use of public exteriors from residential interiors. The change in the use of the space has also changed the relations, communication style, and interaction with space and those who use the space. Relationships and interactions established in daily life have started to be realized almost through residences due to the limitations on public space. Education, work, entertainment, commerce has been started distance and digital environment. This situation causes to changes in behaviors and the way they socialize. The change in the way people socialize and lifestyle with the epidemic causes transform in the use of public and private spaces. As the dynamics of the city change, these areas need to rethink the designs and develop creative solutions. Spatial studies on the Covid 19 pandemic process are approached from different aspects and it is seen that the studies are multidimensional. In the study, these different views are analyzed and the paper is focused from a different framework. It is aimed to contribute to the epidemic process by developing suggestions for public space approaches and possibilities. The method of the study is determined as the evaluation of physical and virtual public space through examples in accordance with literature researches and discussions. It is important to develop new perspectives on the impact of the epidemic on urban environments and to understand what the long-term impacts could have on the public sphere. And then, it is aimed to conduct research on the socio-spatial impacts to be developed according to the results of Covid 19 measures. Therefore, within the scope of the study, the effects of the epidemic in urban spaces are tried to be understood. It is discussed how the possibilities of new public spaces occurring in the built environment and virtual environment will change the nature and definition of this concept.
TWO INTERPRETATIONS OF HEALTH TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME: ELITES AGAINST THE PEOPLE? OR THE DOCTORS DEFENDING THE PUBLIC HEALTH?
Authors: KARTAL Ayşecan
Published: March 2021

This study which analyzes the political discourse that was generated around the health reform by Justice and Development Party, government and the pro-government media. The research focuses especially on the significance of health transformation programme has throughout the 2007 and 2011 parliamentary election campaigns as well as 2009 and 2014 local election campaigns. The study also analyzes how the anti- health reform discourse was generated. This research ,while looking at how the health transformation program was portrayed by the government and how a pro-reform discourse was generated around it, at the same time analyzing the how Turkish Medical Association and professional associations and unions that share the same values with TMA form an opposing discourse, scrutinize how health became a primary ground of political debate, contestation and polarization in the Turkey of early 2000s. A extensive media-scanning covering the 2002-2011 period of both pro and anti- government newspapers, 2002, 2007 and 2011 election bulletins of Justice and Development Party and the publications of TMA are used as primary sources for this study.
IDEOLOGICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS IN SOVIET ANIMATION CINEMA
Authors: SEVİNDİ Koray
Published: March 2021

In this study, the Soviet animation cinema's ideological discourses, which showed the consequences and reflections of the political ideology of the era, were examined. In line with the findings, it was considered that these animated films constitute a kind of cultural memory that exhibits the political history and social culture of the Soviets. The article's ideological discourse analysis method was applied by considering Teun A. van Dijk's study titled Ideological Discourse Analysis. As part of this research, because ideological discourses were analyzed, only short films with propaganda content were regarded among Soviet animations, and the scope of the study was restricted. Furthermore, the date range taken about the films was the term of Soyuzmultfilm, the official animation studio of the Soviet Union. The films created by the studio, which began its actions in 1936 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, were taken into account. The conclusions of discourse analysis were evaluated according to the headings 'self-identity', 'activity', 'goal', 'norm and value', 'position and relation' and 'resource' mentioned in the article Ideological Discourse Analysis, and the ideological discourses in Soviet animated cinema were analyzed.
A TOOL OF INTERIOR ANALYSIS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ANALYTICAL APPROACHES AND MERSIN TRAIN STATION BUILDING SAMPLE
Authors: LEVENT KASAP Tuğba , KAPTAN B. Burak
Published: March 2021

Thinking is a skill that involves complex mental actions and shows individual differences. Thinking ability is the most important feature that makes humankind superior to other living things. Individual differences cause thinking to evolve into different types. Analytical thinking can also be defined as an act of thinking and understanding all parts of a whole. According to the philosophy of analytical thinking, all parts of the whole must be understood in order to understand the whole. There is a flow from piece to whole in the analytical thinking approach. In other words, it is an inductive approach. When considered in this context, the understanding of an interior space can be achieved by understanding all the parts of the interior one by one and establishing the relationship with the whole. A limited number of studies related to an analytical interior analysis tool were reached in the literature. For this reason, the aim of the research is to develop an analytical interior analysis tool and to evaluate this method developed within the scope of an example. For this purpose, an interior analysis tool has been developedin the light of the information obtained from the literature review. For an exemplary evaluation, Mersin Train Station Building, one of the works of the Second National Architecture Period, was chosen and was evaluated within the scope of this tool. As a result, it has been found that the use of an interior analysis tool in interior studies allows the examination of all elements of the entire interior, and enables the detection of erroneous and uncontrolled applications carried out in the process, especially in historical places without ignoring.
Generic injuries are sufficient to induce ectopic Wnt organizers in Hydra
Authors: Cazet Jack F , Cho Adrienne , Juliano Celina E
Published: March 2021

During whole-body regeneration, a bisection injury can trigger two different types of regeneration. To understand the transcriptional regulation underlying this adaptive response, we characterized transcript abundance and chromatin accessibility during oral and aboral regeneration in the cnidarianHydra vulgaris. We found that the initial response to amputation at both wound sites is identical and includes widespread apoptosis and the activation of the oral-specifying Wnt signaling pathway. By 8 hr post amputation, Wnt signaling became restricted to oral regeneration. Wnt pathway genes were also upregulated in puncture wounds, and these wounds induced the formation of ectopic oral structures if pre-existing organizers were simultaneously amputated. Our work suggests that oral patterning is activated as part of a generic injury response inHydra, and that alternative injury outcomes are dependent on signals from the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, Wnt signaling is likely part of a conserved wound response predating the split of cnidarians and bilaterians.
Combining Ability and Heterosis Studies for Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Nayak P. Gonya , Venkataiah M. , Revathi P.
Published: March 2021

In groundnut during Rabi 2015-16 Combining ability and heterosis was studied among 9 crosses involving three diverse lines viz., IVK 2015-21, IVK 2014-21and ICGV 00348 and 3 testers viz., Kadiri 7, Kadiri 6 and JCG 2141.On the basis of per se performance and General Combing Ability (GCA) effects together, the parents IVK-2014-21 and Kadiri-7 were identified as better combiners for various yield and its attributing characters. These parental materials could be better utilized as valuable basic material in developing high yielding groundnut varieties. Among those, based on per se performance, the corresponding GCA status of parents and SCA effects for most of the yield traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 100 kernel weight and pod yield per plant only one cross viz.,IVK14-21 x K7 was considered as better one.
Milestones comparisons from residency to pediatric emergency medicine fellowship: Resetting expectations
Authors: Vu Tien T. , Rose Jerri A. , Shabanova Veronika , Kou Maybelle , Zuckerbraun Noel S. , Roskind Cindy G. , Baghdassarian Aline , Levasseur Kelly , Leonard Kathryn , Langhan Melissa L.
Published: March 2021

Background

Pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowships accept trainees who have completed a residency in either emergency medicine (EM) or pediatrics and have adopted 17 subcompetencies with accompanying set of milestones from these two residency programs. This study aims to examine the changes in milestone scores among common subcompetencies from the end of EM or pediatrics residency to early PEM fellowship and evaluates time to reattainment of scores for subcompetencies in which a decline was noted.

Methods

This is a national, retrospective cohort study of trainees enrolled in PEM fellowship programs from July 2014 to June 2018. PEM fellowship program directors voluntarily submitted deidentified milestone reports within the study time frame, including end‐of‐residency reports. Descriptive analyses of milestone scores between end of residency and PEM fellowship were performed.

Results

Forty‐eight U.S. PEM fellowship programs (65%) provided fellowship milestone data on 638 fellows, 218 (34%) of whom also had end‐of‐residency milestone scores submitted. Of 218 fellows eligible for analysis, 210 (96%) had completed a pediatrics residency and eight (4%) had completed an EM residency. Pediatric‐trained fellows had statistically significant decreases in mean milestone scores in all 10 shared subcompetencies. Reattainment of milestone scores across all common subcompetencies for both EM and pediatric‐trained PEM fellows occurred by the end of fellowship.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated declines in milestone scores from the end of primary residency training in pediatrics to early PEM fellowship in shared subcompetencies, which may suggest that performance expectations are reset at the beginning of PEM fellowship. Changes in subcompetency milestone anchors to provide subspecialty‐specific context may be needed to more accurately define skills acquisition in the residency‐to‐fellowship transition.
Roles of the nervous system in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wakiya Taiichi , Ishido Keinosuke , Yoshizawa Tadashi , Kanda Taishu , Hakamada Kenichi
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with its extremely poor prognosis, presents a substantial health problem worldwide. Outcomes have improved thanks to progress in surgical technique, chemotherapy, pre‐/postoperative management, and centralization of patient care to high‐volume centers. However, our goals are yet to be met. Recently, exome sequencing using PDAC surgical specimens has demonstrated that the most frequently altered genes were the axon guidance genes, indicating involvement of the nervous system in PDAC carcinogenesis. Moreover, perineural invasion has been widely identified as one poor prognostic factor. The combination of innovative technologies and extensive clinician experience with the nervous system come together here to create a new treatment option. However, evidence has emerged that suggests that the relationship between cancer and nerves in PDAC, the underlying mechanism, is not fully understood. In an attempt to tackle this lethal cancer, this review summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas and discusses the role of the nervous system in the pathophysiology of PDAC.
The Epidemiology of Psoriatic Arthritis Over Five Decades: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Karmacharya Paras , Crowson Cynthia S. , Bekele Delamo , Achenbach Sara J. , Davis John M. , Ogdie Alexis , Duarte‐García Alí , Ernste Floranne C. , Maradit‐Kremers Hilal , Tollefson Megha M. , Wright Kerry
Published: March 2021

Objective

To determine the incidence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a US population and describe trends in incidence and mortality over 5 decades.

Methods

The previously identified population‐based cohort that included Olmsted County, Minnesota residents ≥18 years of age who fulfilled PsA criteria during 1970–1999 was extended to include patients with incident PsA during 2000–2017. Age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates and point prevalence, adjusted to the 2010 US White population, were reported.

Results

There were 164 incident cases of PsA in 2000–2017 (mean ± SD age 46.4 ± 12.0 years; 47% female). The overall age‐ and sex‐adjusted annual incidence of PsA per 100,000 population was 8.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.2–9.8) and was higher in men (9.3 [95% CI 7.4–11.3]) than women (7.7 [95% CI 5.9–9.4]) in 2000–2017. Overall incidence was highest in the 40–59 years age group. The incidence rate was relatively stable during 2000–2017, with no evidence of an overall increase or an increase in men only (but a modest increase of 3% per year in women), compared to 1970–1999 when a 4%‐per‐year increase in incidence was observed. Point prevalence was 181.8 per 100,000 population (95% CI 156.5–207.1) in 2015. The percentage of women among those with PsA increased from 39% in 1970–1999 and 41% in 2000–2009 to 54% in 2010–2017 (P = 0.08). Overall survival in PsA did not differ from the general population (standardized mortality ratio 0.85 [95% CI 0.61–1.15]).

Conclusion

The incidence of PsA in this predominantly White US population was stable in 2000–2017, in contrast to previous years. However, an increasing proportion of women with PsA was found in this study.
Somatic Mutations in UBA1 Define a Distinct Subset of Relapsing Polychondritis Patients With VEXAS
Authors: Ferrada Marcela A. , Sikora Keith A. , Luo Yiming , Wells Kristina V. , Patel Bhavisha , Groarke Emma M. , Ospina Cardona Daniela , Rominger Emily , Hoffmann Patrycja , Le Mimi T. , Deng Zuoming , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Rose Emily , Tsai Wanxia L. , Wigerblad Gustaf , Goodspeed Wendy , Jones Anne , Wilson Lorena , Schnappauf Oskar , Laird Ryan S. , Kim Jeff , Allen Clint , Sirajuddin Arlene , Chen Marcus , Gadina Massimo , Calvo Katherine R. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Colbert Robert A. , Aksentijevich Ivona , Young Neal S. , Savic Sinisa , Kastner Daniel L. , Ombrello Amanda K. , Beck David B. , Grayson Peter C.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Somatic mutations in UBA1 cause a newly defined syndrome known as VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic syndrome). More than 50% of patients currently identified as having VEXAS met diagnostic criteria for relapsing polychondritis (RP), but clinical features that characterize VEXAS within a cohort of patients with RP have not been defined. We undertook this study to define the prevalence of somatic mutations in UBA1 in patients with RP and to create an algorithm to identify patients with genetically confirmed VEXAS among those with RP.

Methods

Exome and targeted sequencing of UBA1 was performed in a prospective observational cohort of patients with RP. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of patients with RP were compared based on the presence or absence of UBA1 mutations. The random forest method was used to derive a clinical algorithm to identify patients with UBA1 mutations.

Results

Seven of 92 patients with RP (7.6%) had UBA1 mutations (referred to here as VEXAS‐RP). Patients with VEXAS‐RP were all male, were on average ≥45 years of age at disease onset, and commonly had fever, ear chondritis, skin involvement, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary infiltrates. No patient with VEXAS‐RP had chondritis of the airways or costochondritis. Mortality was greater in VEXAS‐RP than in RP (23% versus 4%; P = 0.029). Elevated acute‐phase reactants and hematologic abnormalities (e.g., macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome) were prevalent in VEXAS‐RP. A decision tree algorithm based on male sex, a mean corpuscular volume >100 fl, and a platelet count <200 ×103/μl differentiated VEXAS‐RP from RP with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity.

Conclusion

Mutations in UBA1 were causal for disease in a subset of patients with RP. This subset of patients was defined by disease onset in the fifth decade of life or later, male sex, ear/nose chondritis, and hematologic abnormalities. Early identification is important in VEXAS given the associated high mortality rate.
Pseudocapacitive Anode Materials toward High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Chang Xiaoqing , Huang Tingyi , Yu Jiayu , Li Junbin , Wang Jian , Wei Qiulong
Published: March 2021

Sodium‐ion storage technology holds great promise for large‐scale, sustainable, and low‐cost green energy storage systems. Overcoming the main limitations of sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics and achieving high‐power sodium‐ion storage devices is critical but full of challenges. Recently, emerging pseudocapacitive sodium‐ion storage materials are attracting attention due to their superior rate capability and other comprehensive electrochemical performance. Herein, this review covers the charge storage mechanism, features, and performance of pseudocapacitive sodium‐ion storage anode materials and the assembled sodium‐ion capacitors. The research processes of state‐of‐the‐art pseudocapacitive sodium‐ion storage anode materials, which display remarkable rate performance, high specific capacity and cycling stability, are introduced and discussed. Using the pseudocapacitive anode materials, advanced sodium‐ion capacitors deliver high energy density at high power density. In the end, the outlooks of pseudocapacitive sodium‐ion storage materials toward future high‐power sodium‐ion capacitors are briefly proposed.
‘We came together on the idea of being “foreign”’: Teacher narratives for the teaching of immigrant and refugee youth
Authors: Harris Garad Brooke
Published: March 2021

In the midst of an international debate about immigration, this qualitative ethnographic study focuses on the stories and teaching practices of immigrant and refugee educators working with immigrant and refugee youth at a community‐based after‐school programme in the Midwestern region of the USA. Using existing literature to describe the educational experiences of immigrant and refugee youth and teacher narratives to explore the pedagogies of immigrant and refugee educators, the author addresses the following questions: How do political narratives impact the educational experiences of immigrant and refugee students in the USA? How can the narratives of immigrant and refugee teachers serve as both counternarratives and sources of promising pedagogical practices for immigrant and refugee youth? With a data corpus developed through participant observation, reflexive journaling, interviews and focus group discussions, the author uses narrative analysis with teacher vignettes and asserts that educational researchers and practitioners should look to immigrant and refugee educators to enrich the research about appropriate pedagogies for immigrant and refugee youth.
Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols over a CuCoAl|t‐ZrO2 Multifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Huang Chao , Zhu Can , Zhang Mingwei , Lu Yongwu , Wang Qianhao , Qian Heming , Chen Jiangang , Fang Kegong
Published: March 2021

Selective synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas is promising but remains challenging owing to the low stability and selectivity towards higher alcohols. Here we introduce a CuCoAl|t‐ZrO2 (t denotes tetragonal crystal phase) multifunctional catalyst that can achieve an alcohol selectivity of 64.8 % with 79.6 % C2+OH, and a total selectivity of alcohols and olefins to 81.7 %. The proper proximity was tuned to increase selectivity towards alcohols and decrease the selectivity towards hydrocarbons. The lower surface [H*]/[C*] ratio due to the stronger basic sites of the CuCoAl|t‐ZrO2 limited alkyl (CHx) species hydrogenation, and promoted CO insertion and carbon chain growth, resulting in improving the alcohols selectivity. Meanwhile, the weaker adsorption of bridge‐type adsorbed CO and the lower decomposition rate of multi‐bonded adsorbed CO over CuCoAl|t‐ZrO2 inhibited hydrocarbon generation. The selective promotion of the reaction route via the synergetic effect between CuCoAl and t‐ZrO2 was proposed to boost higher alcohols selectivity. This work may aid the rational design of effective multifunctional catalyst with synergistic effects for tuning selectivity.
Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes
Authors: Mirzaei Saber , Castro Edison , Hernández Sánchez Raúl
Published: March 2021

Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π‐conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting‐edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
Chiral Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Potential Applications
Authors: Jouhannet Rémi , Dagorne Samuel , Blanc Aurélien , de Frémont Pierre
Published: March 2021

Since the beginning of the 2000’s, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote the cyclization of unsaturated substrates with excellent regioselectivity allowing the synthesis of elaborated organic scaffolds. An important goal to achieve in gold catalysis is the possibility to induce enantioselective transformations by the assistance of chiral complexes. Unfortunately, the linear geometry of coordination for gold usually encountered in complexes at the +1 oxidation states renders this goal very challenging. In consequence, the interest toward the synthesis of chiral gold(III) complexes is steadily growing. Indeed, the square planar geometry of the gold(III) cation appears more suitable to promote chiral induction. Beside catalysis, gold(III) complexes have also shown promising potential in the field of pharmacology. Herein, syntheses and applications of well‐defined gold(III) complexes reported over the last fifteen years are summarized.
Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease associated with dermatomyositis—Longitudinal course of anti‐MDA5 antibody titer in two cases
Authors: Awaji Kentaro , Asano Yoshihide , Fukui Yuki , Oka Tomonori , Toyama Tetsuo , Sato Shinichi
Published: March 2021

Antimelanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody (anti‐MDA5 Ab)‐positive dermatomyositis frequently develops life‐threatening rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP‐ILD). The longitudinal dynamics of antibody titers reflects treatment responses, and negative conversion of anti‐MDA5 Ab leads to the prevention of RP‐ILD relapse. Case 1 finally achieved negative conversion of anti‐MDA5 Ab after 18‐month immunosuppressive therapy despite early diagnosis from skin manifestations. Case 2 showed re‐elevation of anti‐MDA5 Ab after tacrolimus discontinuation; immediate restart of tacrolimus recovered it without relapse. These cases suggest that anti‐MDA5 Ab monitoring is essential to determine therapeutic strategy in dermatomyositis patients with RP‐ILD during both initial and maintenance phases.
Worldwide surveys on anaphylaxis to sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite tablets are urgently needed
Authors: Mösges Ralph , Passali Desiderio , Di Gioacchino Mario
Published: March 2021

In the 1980s, a global number of 72 fatalities were reported in the UK and the USA following the application of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). This resulted in a significant limitation of SCIT use and in the search of other routes of administration, among which sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) showed the best balance between efficacy and safety. Data from controlled studies suggest that tablets‐related anaphylaxis is an uncommon event. However, in the Eudravigilance (European database of suspected adverse drug reactions from Europe) we found reports of life‐threatening events or severe local reactions under SLIT increasing over the last few years. Therefore, all efforts to minimize the related risk have to be strongly encouraged.
Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes Applied in Biomedicine: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Gong Liang , Shan Xiuzhi , Zhao Xu‐Hua , Tang Li , Zhang Xiao‐Bing
Published: March 2021

With the advantage of inherent responsiveness that can change the spectroscopic signals from “off” to “on” state in responding to targets (e. g. biological analytes/microenvironmental factors), activatable fluorescent probes have attracted extensive attention and made significant progress in the field of bioimaging and biosensing. Due to the high depth of tissue penetration, minimal tissue damage and negligible background signal at longer wavelengths, the development of second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescent materials provides a new opportunity to develop activable fluorescent probes. Here, we summarized properties, advantages and disadvantages of mainly NIR‐II fluorophores (such as rare earth‐doped nanoparticles, quantum dots, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, small molecule dyes, conjugated polymers and gold nanoclusters), then overviewed current role and development of activatable NIR‐II fluorescent probes (AFPs) for biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutic. The potential challenges and perspectives of AFPs in deep‐tissue imaging and clinical application are also discussed.
Node Distortion Modulation for Anisotropic Thermal Expansions of Two‐dimensional Coordination Polymers
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Yanagisawa Junichi , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki
Published: March 2021

Anisotropic negative thermal expansion is a valuable property of solid‐state materials, influencing their micromechanical and functional response. Two flexible two‐dimensional (2D) cyanide‐bridged coordination polymers (CPs) of type [Fe(salen)]2[M(CN)4] (M=MnN (FeMnN) and Pt (FePt)) were synthesized. Their anisotropic negative thermal expansions was strongly linked to relaxations of node distortions in [Fe(salen)]+ units. Comparison with the [Mn(salen)]+ analogues indicated shorter bond lengths around iron(III), due to the different electronic states. These changes of node structures resulted in FeMnN and FePt exhibiting lower and higher degrees of anisotropic thermal expansion behavior, respectively, than their Mn analogues.
Photoluminescence with Peaked Structure: Inherent to Nanoparticles or Resulting From Impurities in Sample Vial Caps?
Authors: Tripathi Vijay , Linga Reddy Panyala , Panchakarla Leela S.
Published: March 2021

We show that fluorescence emission in the visible spectral range reported in the case of many nanoparticles, polymers, complexes and liquid crystals with molecular type signatures could originate from the organic impurities leaching from the caps of glass vials.
Cyrene™ as a Neoteric Bio‐Based Solvent for Catalyst‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Construction of Diverse Bipyridine Analogues for Heavy‐Metal Sensing
Authors: Tamargo Ramuel John Inductivo , Rubio Peter Yuosef M. , Mohandoss Sonaimuthu , Shim Jae‐Jin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: March 2021

An environment‐friendly synthetic protocol was developed to access polyfunctionalized bipyridines from readily available amines, chromone‐3‐carboxaldehydes, and pyridinylacetonitriles under catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions using the bio‐renewable neoteric solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene™). In this strategy, amines served as both a mild‐base promoter and a substrate. In addition, water was the only by‐product of this reaction. This multi‐component protocol provided highly diverse 2,3‐, 3,3‐, and 3,4‐bipyridines in good‐to‐excellent yields. Operational simplicity, short reaction time, excellent atom economy, and easily obtainable substrates are among the features of this microwave‐assisted synthesis. Additionally, the compounds synthesized via this method have demonstrated the ability to detect heavy metals, specifically mercury(II), copper(II), and iron (III) ions.
Mosquito responses to lethal and nonlethal effects of predation and an insect growth regulator
Authors: Alomar Abdullah A. , Alto Barry W.
Published: March 2021

Lethal and nonlethal effects of predation are likely to impact phenotypic traits of potential prey that elude capture. Nonlethal effects of predation on prey can include alterations in behavior or morphology in response to predation risk which may impair prey growth and fitness. The application of pesticide in mosquito control during aquatic stages can interact with predation stress and alter density and phenotypic traits of prey. Insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is a pesticide that mainly prevents pupal‐adult metamorphosis by mimicking juvenile hormone, whereas the larval stage is not targeted. The use of IGR can therefore act in conjunction with natural aquatic predators that target the larval stage to affect population of prey. In this study, we assessed the invasive mosquito prey Aedes aegypti responses to lethal and nonlethal effects of a combination of IGR and predatory mosquito larvae of Toxorhynchites rutilus. The combination of IGR and Tx. rutilus heavily lowered Ae. aegypti metamorphosis to adulthood more than the independent effects of IGR or Tx. rutilus. Exposing Ae. aegypti larvae to the combination shortened life span of adults after metamorphosis for both males and females, whereas control and numerical density reduction “removals” treatments lengthened life span. Our results show strong lethal and nonlethal outcomes of the combination on Ae. aegypti. These findings suggest an additional benefit, decreases adult life span, of the use of an IGR when combined with a natural predator of mosquitoes that may be exploited to improve mosquito control strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Tribute to Leith Mullings
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: March 2021

Reflecting on the early days of her career, and her experiences of being mentored by Leith Mullings, Emily Martin shares the ways in which Leith Mullings pioneered intersectionality as a mode of analysis, and advocacy. Martin works through many of Mullings's major scholarly contribution to anthropology and feminist thought, and calls upon her readers to continue Mullings's legacy into the future.
Mechanical and physical properties of polyethylene/sour cherry shell powder bio‐composite as potential food packaging
Authors: Farhadi Sahra , Javanmard Majid
Published: March 2021

Eco‐friendly composite materials have received more attention in recent years, and research has shown that biostructures have great potential as a solution to meet the needs of sustainability in product design and potential food packaging. In this study, the mechanical, thermal, morphological, water absorption properties and water vapor permeability of bio‐composites based on polyethylene and sour cherry shell powder (SCS) (0% –7.5%) have been investigated. It was observed that 2.5% of sour cherry shell increased elastic modulus and tensile strength and improved mechanical properties. Composites without adding sour cherry shell show 1.28% water absorption. Decreased water absorption was observed for treated composites containing 2.5% of sour cherry shell, and its amount was 1.26%. The presence of sour cherry shell increased the bio‐composite resistance to moisture absorption, but the addition had little effect on the thermal process properties of polyethylene. Vapor permeability in sour cherry shell / polyethylene bio‐composites, which was a significant difference between samples with sour cherry shells (2.5%–7.5%) and samples without sour cherry shells. Results indicated that polyethylene/sour cherry shell composites could be used to replace polyethylene in application such as stretch film, shrink film, and bags of fruit.