bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino e aprendizagem matemática na educação do campo e da educação de pessoas jovens, adultas e idosas:
Authors: Dos Santos Josefa Manuela , Batista Lima Maria
Published: November 2024

Essa pesquisa configura-se como um estudo bibliográfico do tipo meta-análise, com a finalidade de analisar trabalhos publicados na Plataforma BDTD – Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações sobre a Educação do Campo e a Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas associadas ao ensino e aprendizagem matemática. Assim, estabelece-se uma relação com a Educação do Campo e com a Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas, as quais exigem amplo direcionamento na construção de aprendizagem. Diante disso, foi definida como questão norteadora específica para a meta-análise a seguinte pergunta: qual o lugar do tema do estudo em tela na produção acadêmica disponível na BDTD no período de 2018 a 2022? A pesquisa em questão traçou-se como objetivo geral analisar as principais discussões de pesquisas (teses e dissertações) na Plataforma BDTD sobre a Educação do Campo e a Educação de Pessoas Jovens, Adultas e Idosas relacionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem matemática. Como principais resultados, ressalta-se a essencialidade de fomento a pesquisas voltadas para esse contexto, visto que a partir de estudo, revela-se a ausência de pesquisas com as temáticas de forma integrada na plataforma selecionada e no recorte temporal delimitado.
Planejamento docente colaborativo como ferramenta estratégica de uma educação inclusiva:
Authors: De Abreu Duarte Kluser de Jesus Simone , Lídice de Moraes Valim Rosa , Jatobá Alessandro
Published: November 2024

estudantes com perfis diversos e para o desenvolvimento profissional docente. Objetiva-se aqui apresentar e refletir sobre dados de uma preliminar pesquisa realizada para compreender aspectos relevantes de um campo que, posteriormente, foi palco de uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre planejamento docente colaborativo em uma perspectiva inclusiva. Para dar conta do objetivo proposto, inicialmente, discorreu-se sobre o coensino, a respeito do papel do professor de apoio especializado na rede Municipal de Niterói e sobre os desafios para a construção do planejamento docente colaborativo. Por fim, tem-se a preliminar de pesquisa, que procurou questionar docentes da rede municipal de Niterói, campo onde seria realizada a pesquisa, a respeito das dificuldades encontradas para a concretização de um planejamento que dialogasse com seus pares. Para a análise dos dados, realizou-se uma pré-análise, com leitura do material coletado, identificação das ideias centrais e conceitos presentes no conteúdo, seleção dos trechos a serem analisados, (2) explorou-se o material organizado de forma a identificar possibilidades e conjecturas, (3) interpretou-se os resultados, identificaram-se padrões e realizaram-se inferências. Os dados da preliminar sugeriram, entre outras coisas, a confirmação da crença norteadora de que o tempo reservado para o planejamento coletivo vem sendo precarizado.
Neoliberalismo, identitarismo e coalizões políticas:
Authors: Silveira Marlon
Published: November 2024

A singular conjuntura política e econômica atual, vivida em países como Brasil e EUA, não somente nos leva a reconhecer o caráter performático e adaptativo do projeto neoliberal, como também a repensar nossas formas de atuação política frente a ele. Problematizando alguns projetos de organização política, a exemplo dos levados a cabo pelos movimentos sociais em torno das chamadas questões identitárias, este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre as alternativas de resistências e insurgências frente a essa nova conjuntura, que aproxima uma agenda de interesses conservadores, ao mesmo tempo que neoliberais. A partir de uma análise bibliográfica, trouxemos para esta reflexão autoras como Judith Butler (2003, 2016, 2018), Nancy Fraser (2019) e Elizabeth Macedo (2018), de modo a refletir sobre as discussões que envolvem políticas neoliberais conservadoras, currículo e as possibilidades de insurgências e resistências, na escola e fora dela, nos levando a concluir que se faz necessário um investimento radical numa insubmissão coletiva cotidiana, no fazer docente e nas pesquisas e espaços acadêmicos.
Orientações oficiais da rede municipal de ensino de Belém para as práticas curriculares na pandemia de covid-19 no ano de 2020
Authors: Batista Silva Cardoso Marluce , Odilon Rêgo da Rocha Genylton
Published: November 2024

Este artigo é resultado da pesquisa que culminou com a escrita da dissertação de mestrado da autora, sendo usufruto de uma construção dialogada, a partir das vivências e experiências na Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Belém do Pará; e tem como objeto de estudo as orientações oficiais para as práticas curriculares dos docentes da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Belém, que foram adaptadas devido ao período da pandemia da covid-19 no período de 2020 a 2022. A pesquisa é documental de abordagem qualitativa alicerçada em autores como Severino (2016), Sacristán (2000), Lunardi-Mendes (2008), e a análise dos dados se embasou em Marconi e Lakatos (2020) que justifica que o pesquisador deve elaborar a sua análise a partir dos resultados alcançados, com base na revisão bibliográfica de seu estudo. Nesse sentido, discorre-se sobre as práticas curriculares e as orientações oficiais do calendário letivo de 2020 das escolas do município de Belém, aprovadas no Conselho Municipal de Educação, por meio da Resolução nº 30-CME de 22 de dezembro de 2020 e do Parecer CLN/CME-Belém nº 86/20, trazendo à reflexão as discussões acerca da organização e gestão do currículo na mediação das práticas curriculares, o que ressalta a sua importância durante e após o ensino remoto – proposta implementada no período da covid-19 – para amenizar os prejuízos das aprendizagens em tempos de pandemia no Estado do Pará, no Brasil e no mundo.
A insurgência da cartografia na produção de saberes experenciais de docentes indígenas no educar em direitos humanos
Authors: Rodrigues Costa Zenailde , Borges da Silva Maria do Socorro
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo analisa o uso da cartografia como metodologia da pesquisa, que potencializa modos de insurgência e engajamento do pesquisador e do percurso de produção de dados com saberes experienciais de docentes indígenas sobre educar em direitos humanos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na terra indígena Cana Brava, território do povo Guajajara, no Maranhão. Trata-se de um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado em educação da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), da linha de pesquisa Educação, Diversidades, Diferenças e Inclusão, sob aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFPI, recebendo o parecer elaborado em conformidade com a Portaria 941/2022 do CNPq, relativo ao Mérito Científico da Pesquisa, pois apresenta questões instigantes a respeito da importância dos saberes indígenas para embasar políticas de educação em direitos humanos, descolonizando-a. Epistemologicamente, alinha-se a uma perspectiva decolonial e contra-colonial de estudos e pesquisas, encontrando na cartografia com Deleuze e Guatarri (1995, 2010), Passos e Kastrup (2014), Rolnik (2018) fundamentos que dialogam com autores indígenas, como Ailton Krenak (2020, 2021), Daniel Munduruku (2017), Márcia Kambeba (2020), Viveiros (2014) e outros que subsidiam sobre Direitos Humanos, a exemplo de Candau (2018) e Baldi (2014). Metodologicamente, o estudo usa os círculos culturais como dispositivo cultural do grupo pesquisador formado por docentes indígenas. O modo de pesquisar da Cartografia é também um modo de educar em direitos humanos, enfatizando a experiência (Larrosa, 2016), bem como a produção de dados como uma itinerância nômade, circular e comunitária, a partir dos saberes da cultura local numa transversalidade rizomática de resistência. Assim, expressa-se como uma insurgência ao projeto de colonialidade que subsidiou a ciência moderna.
The Well-being of Art Teachers for Promoting the Sustainable Development of Art Education in Latvia
Authors: Davidova Jelena , Kokina Irena , Kokina Baiba
Published: November 2024

Due to the fact that it is vitally important for the people of Latvia to preserve and develop their national identity in today’s globalized world, it is especially important to maintain a high level of art education quality and promote the well-being of art teachers more holistically. In the era of growing globalization and multiculturalism, supporting Latvia’s unique cultural values is vital. The aim of the study was to explore the well-being of music, ballet, dance, and visual art teachers in the context of the sustainable development of art education in Latvia. In the interdisciplinary study, 72 music, ballet, dance, and visual art teachers were involved. According to the well-being criteria (positive relationships with others, self-acceptance, autonomy, the meaning of life, skills to fulfill life’s needs, and life goals), the research results were differentiated by demographic indicators. Considering the influence of school principals on the well-being of art teachers, the study identifies school management activities that can contribute to well-being in the workplace.
The Lateralized Vestibular Stimulation: Effect on Mood, Cognition, and Autonomic States in Mental Disorders
Authors: Ried A.M. Soza
Published: November 2024

The vestibular system in the inner ear senses the body's movements, which is essential for regulating reflex movements and body balance at the brain stem level. Still, it is also critical in regulating high brain functions, including mental states, motivation, mood, cognition, and reasoning. This article reviews the neuro-functional effects of lateralized vestibular stimulation in three main brain areas involved in mental disorders: the parieto–insular–vestibular cortex (PIVC), the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus. We discuss its implications for the performance of high-demanding works and possible therapeutic applications in psychiatric patients.
Neue Wege der Musikerschließung. Über den möglichen Einsatz von MEI in deutschen Bibliotheken
Authors: Hartwig Maja , Kepper Johannes , Richts Kristina
Published: November 2024

Der Aufsatz stellt die Music Encoding Initiative (MEI), ihr Datenformat, Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz in Bibliotheken sowie das in Detmold ansässige Projekt zur Weiterentwicklung von MEI vor.
Musikdokumentation in Bibliothek, Wissenschaft und Praxis Konferenz anlässlich des 60-jährigen Bestehens von RISM 4. bis 6. Juni 2012, Mainz, Akademie der Wissenschaften
Authors: Voss Steffen
Published: November 2024

Bericht über die Konferenz anlässlich des 60-jährigen Bestehens von RISM vom 4. bis 6. Juni 2012 in Mainz, Akademie der Wissenschaften, unter dem Generalthema "Musikdokumentation in Bibliothek, Wissenschaft und Praxis".
Werktitel der Musik in der Gemeinsamen Normdatei
Authors: Weigand Wiebke
Published: November 2024

Seit dem 12. April 2012 vereint die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) folgende Formate: Personennormdatei (PND), Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei (GKD), Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) und Einheitssachtiteldatei der Musik (EST). Parallele Datensätze werden dabei maschinell durch „Match & Merge“ zusammengeführt. Werktitel werden nach den Regeln der RDA erfasst. Die Datenausgabe erfolgt bislang noch fehlerhaft und wird im Format Marc21 wiedergegeben. Zur korrekten Ansicht muss man sich die Vollansicht der GND wiedergeben lassen. Dieser Fehler soll bis Oktober 2012 behoben sein.
Die Liszt-Bibliothek in der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar
Authors: Von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Angelika
Published: November 2024

Die Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar beherbergt nicht nur die größte Sammlung von Liszt Werken und Nachlässen mit den meisten Erstdrucken seiner Kompositionen sondern auch Bücher aus seinem privaten Besitz sowie Sekundärliteratur zu Leben und Wirken des Komponisten.
Anforderungen an Musik-Discovery- Systeme: Handreichungen zur Optimierung von Benutzeroberflächen
Authors: Newcomer Nara L. , Belford Rebecca , Kulczak Deb , Szeto Kimmy , Matthews Jennifer , Shaw Misti
Published: November 2024

Die „Anforderungen an Musik-Discovery-Systeme“ (Music Discovery Requirements, hier MDR) sind gedacht als Leitfaden für Anbieter, Bibliothekare und diejenigen, die an der Entwicklung oder Implementierung von Discovery-Schnittstellen beteiligt sind. Der Grund für ihre Entwicklung liegt in den speziellen Anforderungen, die Musikmedien an erfolgreiche Discovery-Systeme stellen. In der Praxis wurde das Potenzial der Systeme, die Probleme der Nutzer bei der Suche nach Musikmedien zu verringern, allerdings oftmals nicht beachtet.
Musikbibliothekarische Aus- und Fortbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Diet Jürgen
Published: November 2024

In Deutschland sind verschiedene Institutionen bei der Ausbildung des bibliothekarischen Nachwuchses aktiv. Für die musikbibliothekarische Ausbildung besonders relevant sind die Studienangebote der HU Berlin, der Hochschule Hannover, der HTWK Leipzig und der Hochschule der Medien in Stuttgart, die einzeln vorgestellt werden.
Allen modernistischen Anfeindungen trotzend. Die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek übernimmt Musikhandschriften der Theatinerkirche St. Kajetan
Authors: Nägele Reiner
Published: November 2024

Nach der Übernahme der Musikhandschriften aus der St. Michaelskirche im Jahre 2006 gelangte kürzlich eine weitere bedeutende Münchner Sammlung von Sakralmusik in die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Es handelt sich hierbei um über 900 Musikhandschriften der Münchner Theatinerkirche St. Kajetan. Die musikhistorisch wichtigen Quellen dieser Sammlung wurden vornehmlich von Vertretern der kirchenmusikalischen Restaurationsbewegung des 19. Jahrhunderts angefertigt oder gesammelt und stehen in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek nun der Forschung zur Verfügung.
Vernetzungen von Musikschulen und Musikbibliotheken. Vortrag auf der AIBM-Jahrestagung am 24. September 2014 in Nürnberg
Authors: Rademacher Ulrich
Published: November 2024

Öffentliche Musikschulen spielen in sich stetig verändernden gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen eine wichtige Rolle der kulturellen Bildung. Stichworte wie Inklusion, Musikbildung in allgemeinbildenden Schulen und die Teilhabe aller machen die öffentliche Förderung unabdingbar. Die engere Kooperation und Vernetzung mit öffentlichen Musikbibliotheken nimmt zur Erfüllung der definierten Aufgaben eine wichtige Position ein und soll mit einer gemeinsamen "Nürnberger Erklärung" im Rahmen der AIBM-Tagung 2014 gestärkt werden.
Perspektiven auf das Schott-Archiv
Authors: Kurth Sabine
Published: November 2024

Anfang Dezember 2014 wurde die Öffentlichkeit über den verteilten Verkauf des historischen Archivs des Musikverlags B. Schott’s Söhne in Mainz an ein Konsortium von acht wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und Forschungseinrichtungen unterrichtet. Die umfangreichsten Anteile des Archivs gelangten an die Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz (SBB) und an die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München (BSB), sechs weitere Institutionen erwarben kleinere Anteile des Schott-Archivs, die die bereits bestehenden Schwerpunktbestände herausragender Komponisten ergänzen. Der Beitrag skizziert die Zusammensetzung des Bestandes und gibt einen Ausblick in die Zukunft: Ein Kernstück des konzipierten Arbeitsvorhabens bildet die Entwicklung des „Schott-Portals“ durch die SBB, mit dem die virtuelle Zusammenführung der verteilten und in unterschiedlichen Datenbanken primär katalogisierten Bestände angestrebt wird.
45 Jahre Musiklesesaal der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart: 1970–2015
Authors: Rommel Martina
Published: November 2024

Bereits seit 1879 wurde der Wunsch nach einereigenen Musikabteilung der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek - die die größte Musiksammlung Baden-Württembergs beherbergt - sowohl von Benutzern als auch von der Bibliothek dem Unterhaltsträger gegenüber immer wieder vorgetragen. Doch bis zur Realisierung sollte es noch fast 100 Jahre dauern. Erst für den 1970 fertiggestellten Neubau wurden Fach- und Sonderlesesäle für Musikdrucke, für Karten und Graphik sowie für Handschriften vorgesehen. Martina Rommel zeichnet die wechselvolle und dynamische Entwicklung der Abteilung von der Gründung 1970 bis 2015 nach.
In München spielt die Musik. Spannende Quellen in der Heimatstadt der Kritischen Richard-Strauss-Ausgabe
Authors: Pernpeintner Andreas , Schenk Stefan
Published: November 2024

Trotz Verbreitung der Strauss’schen Quellen auf der ganzen Welt, finden sich besonders relevante Quellen immer wieder in den Münchner Sammlungen. Am Beispiel aktueller Editionen (Lieder op. 10-29, Tondichtungen) werden Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten in der Arbeit mit verschiedenem Quellenmaterial aus München beschrieben.
Bonn
Authors: Blase Axel
Published: November 2024

Axel Blase, Stadtbibliothek Reutlingen, AG Sprecher Öffentliche Bibliotheken
Melk
Authors: Prominczel Johannes
Published: November 2024

Johannes Prominczel, Musikarchivar des Stiftes Melk
Lohn der Beharrlichkeit – zum Ruhestand von Ulrike Frandsen, Leiterin der Musikbibliothek der Ingeborg-Drewitz- Bibliothek Berlin Steglitz- Zehlendorf
Authors: Hein Susanne
Published: November 2024

Susanne Hein, Leiterin der Musikabteilung der Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin
Wien
Authors: Strümper Marc
Published: November 2024

Dr. Marc Strümper, Musiksammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Dynamically programable real-time controller for a 2D scanning fibre microscope
Authors: Xiong Qiyu , Sydoruk Oleksiy , Syms Richard R. A.
Published: November 2024

A programmable controller for a 2D Lissajous scanning fibre microscope is described. Source motion is based on a vibrating cantilever formed by dip-coating two cylindrical silica fibres. Orthogonal modes are excited by a piezoelectric actuator oriented at 45° to the principal axes. Back-scattered signals are detected using a mode-stripping photodiode to collect cladding modes in a dual numerical aperture confocal scheme. Optical feedback is generated by a shaped reflecting aperture with amplitude-coded reflectivity. Electrical pulses from the detector are separated into low- and high-mode feedback signals using window detectors. The low mode is excited at resonance using a phase-locked loop (PLL) containing a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The high mode is driven off-resonance at a frequency derived from computer control of a second VCO. Amplitudes are corrected, and common frequency signals derived from the two motions using divide-by-N circuits are synchronised using additional PLLs. Programmable generation of Lissajous figures and imaging with dynamically variable scan density are demonstrated.
Parallel 3D projection lithography of massive tunable nanopillars for functional structures
Authors: Su Chenyi , Yang Shunhua , Ding Chenliang , Wen Jisen , Yang Zhenyao , Zhang Jiachen , Xu Liang , Shi Junhui , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu
Published: November 2024

As a typical nanostructure, nanopillars enable multiple functional
structures. However, fabricating nanopillar arrays of large scale and
varying sizes is challenging for conventional manufacturing methods.
This paper presents a parallel 3D projection lithography that
generates 5041 programmable and extended-focal-depth foci for the 3D
projection of massive size- and period-tunable nanopillars. Nanopillar
arrays of various sizes can be printed by tuning the intensity or the
exposure time of each focus. The high aspect ratios of 11.6 and 18.7
are obtained by serial in situ exposure
and z-axis scanning, respectively.
Large-scale superhydrophobic surfaces with various periods are printed
via multiple interlaced exposures, and a maximum contact angle of
167.4° is obtained. The fabricated dynamic self-assembly nanopillars
can be controlled by precisely adjusting the intervals or modifying
the developing process. Furthermore, metalenses operating at 532 nm
with a maximum diameter of 10 mm are designed and fabricated by
stitch-free and 3D-grayscale exposure, and their focusability and
focal length are verified. The results have well demonstrated the
superiority of our scheme for the simultaneous realization of
ultrahigh-throughput, volume-exposure, individually controlled, and
high-precision grayscale nanofabrication for functional
structures.
Assessment and Extension of Rapid Design Tools for Modelling Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers
Authors: Lang Ben , Sewell Phillip , Vukovic Ana , BOYLAN KARL , Rihani Samir , Moodie Dave , SPALDING RICHARD , Hattasan Nannicha , Berry Graham
Published: November 2024

Rapid design tools are invaluable for the fast exploration of design space and optimisation of Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers (PCSELs). This paper introduces an improved extension to the fast Effective Index type approach and compares it against a large number of numerical methods for simulating PCSELS. These methods include two varieties of the effective-index method, coupled mode theory, guided mode expansion and an iterated method we here derive. All are compared to one another and against results obtained using a 3D time domain solver and where possible, experimental measurements. We conclude that coupled mode theory, along with the iterated method presented here, are the best approximate methods for 2D modelling of PCSEL devices.
Chirped pulse waveguide amplifier
Authors: Rudenkov Alexander , KALASHNIKOV VLADIMIR , Demesh Maxim , Tolstik Nikolai , Sorokin Evgeni , Sorokina Irina
Published: November 2024

Cr:ZnS and Cr:ZnSe lasers – truly named by the inventor a “Ti:sapphire of the infrared” - have underpinned advances in ultrafast lasers, in many respects outperforming Ti:sapphire. Recently, even single optical cycle pulses with outstanding pulse-to-pulse stability in amplitude and phase, as well as multi-octave frequency combs covering the whole near- and mid-IR wavelength range between 1 and 18 microns became a reality in bulk format. The current trend in photonics goes towards integration and the first steps have been recently made towards integration of a first Ti:sapphire waveguide amplifier on insulator. Cr:ZnS laser is perfectly compatible with silicon photonics though and as such presents a particular interest as a laser in waveguide format. We introduce the first 34-mm long truly waveguide large cross-section (up to 50 μm) broadband ultrafast Cr:ZnS crystalline amplifier with remarkably high spatial output beam quality and M² factor of 1.13x1.25 (in vertical and horizontal planes, respectively) which is close to fundamental Gaussian mode spatial quality. The depressed-cladding buried waveguide is produced by an ultrafast laser writing procedure in a single pulse modification mode with a nonlinear defect formation mechanism, which allows a high degree of flexibility in fabrication when the geometry, size, and even refractive index can be modified along the waveguide. A designed numerical model that includes both pump and pulse propagation allows calculation and optimization of the waveguide design. In a chirped pulse amplifier (CPA) arrangement with a volume Bragg grating-based stretcher/compressor the amplifier provides a high gain of 5.5 dB/cm and 2.35 W of average output power, while the amplified pulse compression down to 204 fs assuming Sech² temporal shape is demonstrated. Remarkably, we demonstrate that a truly waveguide geometry with a non-centrosymmetric active medium like Cr:ZnS generates multiple harmonics even at moderate pulse energies, making an integrated CEP-stabilization feasible. Such frequency comb sources, combined with the CEP-controlled coherent spectra from visible to the mid-IR in an integrated Si-compatible format will further revolutionize fundamental science and will open new horizons in quantum technologies, environmental sensing, optogenetics and bio-medical applications.
Understanding differential heat tolerance of the threatened mountainous star coral Orbicella faveolata from inshore and offshore reef sites in the Florida Keys using gene network analysis
Authors: Aguilar Catalina , Enochs Ian C. , Cohen Kami , Chomiak Leah , Kolodziej Graham , Baker Andrew C. , Manzello Derek P.
Published: November 2024

Climate change driven ocean warming is causing widespread degradation of coral reefs. In the Florida Keys, many reefs have lost much of their coral cover, yet some inshore reefs have maintained higher coral cover and exhibited higher bleaching resistance and resilience than reefs offshore during marine heatwave events. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the higher heat tolerance observed on inshore reefs, we subjected three inshore and four offshore genotypes of the coral Orbicella faveolata to 30, 31, 32, or 33°C for 31 days and measured photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the species and relative abundance of dinoflagellate endosymbionts, and gene expression of the host and symbiont. All inshore coral genotypes, regardless of symbiont species, were significantly more thermotolerant than offshore genotypes based on comparatively smaller declines in photochemical efficiently. The most heat-tolerant inshore genotype (In1) was dominated by the symbiont Durusdinium trenchii; all other genotypes, both inshore and offshore, were Breviolum minutum-dominated, suggesting local adaptation or acclimatization contributes to the heat tolerance of inshore genotypes not dominated by D. trenchii. After 31 days of heat stress, all coral genotypes (except In2) had lost most of their B. minutum and became dominated by D. trenchii. Host genotype In1 presented unique expression patterns of genes involved in heat shock response, immunity, and protein degradation. There were fewer changes in the symbiont gene expression of inshore corals under heat stress when compared to the offshore colonies, which experienced significant changes, including increases in ribosomal and photosynthetic proteins. These data show that the differential thermotolerance between inshore and offshore O. faveolata in the Florida Keys is associated with statistically significant differences in both host and symbiont gene expression that provide insights into the mechanisms underlying holobiont heat tolerance.
The relationship between democracy and corruption and the global physician workforce
Authors: Kirpalani Amrit , Yilmaz Eray
Published: November 2024

Background

Understanding how governance factors such as democracy and corruption impact the healthcare workforce is crucial for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Effective health workforce planning and resource allocation are influenced by these political constructs. This study examines the relationship between democracy and corruption and key healthcare workforce metrics.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted using a global dataset from 2020 to 2022. The primary outcome was Physician Density (medical doctors per 10000 people). Secondary outcomes included the generalist to specialist ratio and the percentage of female physicians (% Female). Partial correlations, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the relationship between workforce variables and the democracy index (DI), and corruption perception index (CPI), controlling for domestic health expenditure.

Results

Data from 134 countries showed significant positive associations between both DI (r = 0.32, p = 0.004) and CPI (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) with physician density. MANOVA indicated significant multivariate effects of DI (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.8642, p = 0.013) and CPI (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.8036, p = 0.001) on the combined workforce variables. Univariate ANOVAs showed that DI (F = 6.13, p = 0.015) and CPI (F = 10.57, p = 0.002) significantly affected physician density, even after adjusting for domestic expenditure (F = 18.53, p < 0.001). However, neither DI nor CPI significantly impacted the Generalist to Specialist Ratio or % Female Physicians.

Discussion

Higher levels of democracy and lower levels of corruption are associated with a greater density of medical doctors, independent of healthcare spending. Policymakers must advocate for governance reforms that support a robust healthcare workforce to support aim of universal health coverage.
An immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in primary prostate cancer promotes tumor immune escape
Authors: Anton Angelyn , Hutchinson Ryan , Hovens Christopher M. , Christie Michael , Ryan Andrew , Gibbs Peter , Costello Anthony , Peters Justin , Neeson Paul J. , Corcoran Niall M. , Tran Ben
Published: November 2024

Background

Immunotherapy has demonstrated limited activity in prostate cancer to date. This likely reflects an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), with previous studies suggesting low PD-L1 expression and a sparse immune cell infiltrate. We aimed to further characterise the immune TME in primary prostate cancer and correlate immune subset densities with clinical outcomes.

Methods

Two distinct cohorts of patients treated with radical prostatectomy were identified, based on the development of biochemical recurrence (BCR), one subgroup with high International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) grade group, recurrent disease and a second with low grade, non-recurrent disease. A prostate immunohistochemical (IHC) antibody cocktail was used to differentiate tumor and peritumoral benign tissue. Specific CD8+, CD4+, FoxP3+, CD20+ and CD68+ cell subsets were identified using IHC staining of consecutive slides. PD-L1 and CD8/PD-L1 dual staining were also performed. Cell subset densities were quantified within tumor and peritumoral regions. We used descriptive statistics to report cell subset densities and T-tests to compare groups by age, grade and the development of BCR. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyse risk factors for BCR and the development of metastatic disease.

Results

A total of 175 patients were included, with a median age of 63 years and median pre-operative PSA of 8.2ng/ml. BCR occurred in 115 patients (66%) and 56 (32%) developed metastatic disease. CD68+ cells were the most abundant (median 648.8/mm2 intratumoral, 247.6/mm2 peritumoral), while PD-L1+ and PD-L1/CD8+ cell density was low overall (PD-L1+ median 162.4/mm2 intratumoral, 141.7/mm2 peritumoral; PD-L1/CD8+ (median 5.52/mm2 intratumoral, 3.41/mm2 peritumoral). Overall, grade group and T-stage were independently associated with BCR and metastatic disease. Higher density of peritumoral PD-L1+ cells was an independent risk factor for BCR (OR 5.33, 95%CI 1.31–21.61, p = 0.019).Although higher densities of CD8+ and CD4+ cells were observed in higher grade group 3–5 tumors, these were not associated with the development of BCR or metastasis.

Conclusions

In our cohort of prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy, higher grade group and T-stage were independent predictors of BCR and metastasis. Despite higher grade group being associated with higher CD8+ cell density, PD-L1+ and PD-L1/CD8+ cell densities were low overall, suggesting lower T cell receptor recognition of tumor antigens. Further understanding of this phenomenon would influence development of future immunotherapeutic strategies in prostate cancer.
The reversal in the cryptocurrency market before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: Does investor attention matter?
Authors: Pham Huy , Tran Trang Ngoc Doan , Nguyen Ngoc Thi Thanh , Duong Khoa Dang
Published: November 2024

This study delves into the impact of reversals and investor attention on cryptocurrency returns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We employ the Two Stages Least Squares to analyze a sample of the top 20 cryptocurrencies from January 2016 to April 2021. Our results reveal that investor attention positively influences bitcoin returns in both periods, with a more pronounced effect during the pandemic. Conversely, reversals demonstrate a positive correlation with cryptocurrency returns before the outbreak but a negative relationship during the pandemic. Our robustness test further indicates that investor attention positively affects the returns of small and medium-cap cryptocurrencies, while reversals only exhibit positive consequences for small-cap cryptocurrencies. Additionally, our findings highlight stablecoins as a safe haven during the epidemic. The results suggest that investor attention has little influence on the returns of stablecoins, indicating that these coins are primarily resistant to market sentiment due to their inherent stability. The negative impact of the pandemic on the crypto market demonstrates a downward trend through each wave. Despite aligning with attention-induced price pressure and behavioral finance hypotheses, our results do not support efficient market theory or the notion of heterogeneity among investors. This research provides valuable insights for investors and policymakers in devising effective strategies for the cryptocurrency market.
Elucidating the monoamine oxidase B inhibitory effect of kaurene diterpenoids from Xylopia aethiopica: An in silico approach
Authors: Famuyiwa Funmilayo Gladys , Patil Rajesh B. , Famuyiwa Samson Oluwaseyi , Olayemi Uduak Ime , Olanudun Esther Aina , Bhongade Bhoomendra A. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Shalom Esther Oluwatosin , Vakare Suvarna N. , Musa Mohammed Sakib , Moin Abu Tayab , Uddin Mohammad Helal , Faloye Kolade Olatubosun
Published: November 2024

Parkinson disease is a neurogenerative disease common in adults and results in different kinds of memory dysfuntions. This study evaluated the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitory potential of kaurane diterpenoids previously isolated from Xylopia aethiopica through comprehensive computational approaches. Molecular docking study and molecular dynamics simulation were used to access the binding mode and interaction of xylopic acid and MAO-B enzyme. The ADMET properties of the phytochemical were evaluated to provide information on its druggability. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation revealed xylopic acid as potential MAO-B inhibitor due to the good binding energy elicited and stability throughout the 100 ns simulation period. The ADMET properties of the ligand showed it as a promising drug candidate. The study recommend further comprehensive in vitro investigation towards the development of xylopic acid as potent MAO-B inhibitor.
Possibilities, usage and needs of an app-based health prevention among seafarers
Authors: Arslan Luciano , Dengler Dorothee , Belz Lukas , Neumann Felix Alexander , Zyriax Birgit-Christiane , Harth Volker , Oldenburg Marcus
Published: November 2024

The present study analyses the technical requirements as well as the user behaviour of seafarers for an app-based health prevention, including apps for wellness, prevention, fitness, medical care and mental well-being. In a maritime field study 976 seafarers on 65 merchant ships participated in the survey carried out with a questionnaire. The vast majority (98.4%) of the respondents had a mobile device on board. 52.5% stated to already have downloaded a health app, with a higher proportion among the officers (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.67; 95% CI (1.13–2.50)). The most common reasons for downloading this kind of app were activity tracking (74.8%), weight loss (41.8%) and exercise (41.0%). Officers downloaded apps significantly more often for activity tracking (p< 0.001) and sleep tracking (p = 0.001). 51.1% of downloaders stopped the use of a health app. Frequent reasons for not downloading or stopping the use of a health app were loss/absence of interest and that the desired health apps could not be used offline. Frequency and duration of use were highest at home, followed by the use at sea and then in port. No correlation between the WHO Well-being Index and the use of health apps could be found. Overall, two kinds of obstacles to implementing app-based health intervention could be identified: maritime-specific obstacles and general obstacles (obstacles not exclusively assignable to the naval environment); the maritime-specific obstacles primarily consisted of being offline for long periods of time and limited recreational time. Among the most important general problems were economic and social problems as well as a significant loss/absence of interest. Nevertheless, the basic requirements for an app-based health prevention for seafarers seem to be in place. Measures taken by the shipping company could consist of providing internet access for app usage and educating seafarers on the benefits of health apps. Providing preselected options and guidance on app selection and licenses for paid apps could further encourage usage among seafarers and strengthen success of an app-based health intervention eventually leading to improved physical and mental health in their employees. Additionally, if follow-up maritime studies can objectively demonstrate benefits and positive health effects, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) could officially recommend the use of health apps as a health management measure and play an important political role by recommending and supporting the development of health apps specifically designed for maritime conditions with key features like offline availability.
Rhizospheric soil chemical properties and microbial response to a gradient of Chromolaena odorata(L) invasion in the Mount Cameroon Region
Authors: Juru Victor Nzengong , Ndam Lawrence Monah , Tatah Blaise Nangsingnyuy , Fonge Beatrice Ambo
Published: November 2024

Chromolaena odorata is a noxious alien invasive weed species with an enormous impact on the terrestrial ecosystem. The allelopathic potentials of this weed have had little attention, leading to changes in soil properties and microbial communities. This study investigates the impacts of Chromolaena odorata invasion gradients on rhizospheric soil chemical properties and microbial response in the Mount Cameroon Region. Forty-eight soil samples at four different degrees of invasion (uninvaded, low degree invasion, moderate degree invasion and high degree invasion) based on species coverage within subplots in four study areas were collected and rhizospheric soil chemical properties, microbial load, phosphatases activities and secondary metabolites were evaluated. At medium-degree invasion, rhizospheric soil concentrations of P, K and Fe increased with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and phosphatases enzyme activities. Soil C, N and organic matter were significantly increased at high-degree invasion, supporting the use of the plant as a fallow crop. Acid phosphatase activity ranged from 0.69 to 0.90 mmol h-1 kg-1 and was significantly different at different degrees of invasion. AMF colonization ranged from 23.33 to 50.00%, with a strong positive correlation between AMF colonization and phosphatase activity. Soil bacterial load was high (46 × 105 CFU/g– 67 × 105 CFU/g), with mostly Staphylococcus having health concerns about its spread. The invasion situation had no significant effect on soil bacterial load, but high-degree invasion significantly increased fungal load. Low-degree invaded soils had high saponin (24.55±0.00 mg/g), flavonoid (47.7 mg/g) and tannin (28.68 mg/g) concentrations. The investigation reveals that Chromolaena odorata invasion altered rhizospheric soil properties and microbial communities significantly, thereby influencing ecosystem dynamics and soil nutrient availability. However, further studies elucidating kinds of secondary metabolites, identifying microbial communities, and monitoring soil changes influenced by C. odorata are essential for effective ecosystem management.
Aposematic color polymorphism is a poor indicator of species boundaries in North American Paranthrene (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) as evidenced by a multi-gene phylogeny
Authors: Smith III William H. , Taft William H. , Cognato Anthony I.
Published: November 2024

Color polymorphism among animal species can influence speciation. Factors such as natural and sexual selection, genetic drift and gene flow contribute to the maintenance of color polymorphism within the species or spur speciation. The evolutionary and ecological mechanisms for color polymorphism are taxon specific and only a few species have been studied. A phylogeny provides an evolutionary framework to understanding the association between color polymorphism and species. Paranthrene species are day flying aposematic moths that mimic wasps in both appearance and behavior. The genus has several polymorphic species and some color forms were originally described as species. Paranthrene presents the opportunity to test for an association between color polymorphism and species boundaries. We reconstructed a phylogeny using DNA sequence from COI, EF-1alpha, and Wingless genes from 67 specimens representing all North American Paranthrene species, nine color variants, and two outgroups. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses generally agreed in topology and support values. Paranthrene simulans (Grote, 1881) was polyphyletic, and monophyly of P. pellucida Greenfield and Karandinos, 1979 was not recovered. Paranthrene robiniae Hy. Edwards, 1880 was polyphyletic and genitalic and genetic differences among the three clades supported the recognition of two new pseudocryptic species, Paranthrene oasis Smith, Taft and, Cognato, new species and Paranthrene gilaensis Smith, Taft and, Cognato, new species. Paranthrene color variants did not overwhelming associate with species boundaries. Of the nine color forms we examined, only two were monophyletic, had DNA sequence divergence comparable to other species, and associated with species diagnostic morphology. It is likely that genetic drift and allopatric isolation explains the fixation of color variants with species. The mechanisms maintaining color polymorphisms within Paranthrene species will remain unknown until experimentation concerning the degree of aposematic protection in reference to wasp models is conducted.
The research explores the predictive capacity of the shear strength of reinforced concrete walls with different cross-sectional shapes using the XGBoost model
Authors: Trinh Hoa Thi , Pham Tuan Anh , Tho Vu Dinh , Nguyen Duy Hung
Published: November 2024

Structurally, the lateral load-bearing capacity mainly depends on reinforced concrete (RC) walls. Determination of flexural strength and shear strength is mandatory when designing reinforced concrete walls. Typically, these strengths are determined through theoretical formulas and verified experimentally. However, theoretical formulas often have large errors and testing is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, this study exploits machine learning techniques, specifically the hybrid XGBoost model combined with optimization algorithms, to predict the shear strength of RC walls based on model training from available experimental results. The study used the largest database of RC walls to date, consisting of 1057 samples with various cross-sectional shapes. Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms, including BO—Gaussian Process, BO—Random Forest, and Random Search methods, were used to refine the XGBoost model architecture. The results show that Gaussian Process emerged as the most efficient solution compared to other optimization algorithms, providing the lowest Mean Square Error and achieving a prediction R2 of 0.998 for the training set, 0.972 for the validation set and 0.984 for the test set, while BO—Random Forest and Random Search performed as well on the training and test sets as Gaussian Process but significantly worse on the validation set, specifically R2 on the validation set of BO—Random Forest and Random Search were 0.970 and 0.969 respectively over the entire dataset including all cross-sectional shapes of the RC wall. SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) technique was used to clarify the predictive ability of the model and the importance of input variables. Furthermore, the performance of the model was validated through comparative analysis with benchmark models and current standards. Notably, the coefficient of variation (COV %) of the XGBoost model is 13.27%, while traditional models often have COV % exceeding 50%.
The relationship between proactive personality and college students’ short-form video addiction: A chain mediation model of resilience and self-control
Authors: Wu Shujie , Shafait Zahid , Bao Kaixin
Published: November 2024

Background

With the explosive development of the short-form video (SFV) industry in recent years, the issue of SFV addiction among young people has attracted increasing attention from scholarship. Researchers have found that proactive personality is negatively associated with behavioral addiction. Additionally, SFV Apps tend to place users in a “filter bubble” to passively consume the pushed video content. Proactiveness could be an effective trait to resist the excessive use of SFVs. Thus, proactive personality may be a negative predictor of SFV addiction.

Objective

The present study aims at investigating the relationship between proactive personality and SFV addiction among college students, and the psychological mechanism underlying the relationship, i.e., the mediating roles of resilience and self-control.

Methods

Convenience sampling was adopted to conduct an online questionnaire survey among college students from 8 universities in 5 provinces of China. Proactive personality scale (PPS), brief resilience scale (BRS), Brief self-control scale (BSCS), and SFV addiction scale were applied in designing the questionnaire. A total of 560 valid questionnaires were obtained with ages ranging from 17 to 22 (19.32±1.14), among whom 40.18% were males and 59.28% females.

Results

SFV addiction among college students was negatively correlated with proactive personality, resilience, and self-control. Proactive personality has significant direct effect on SFV addiction, and the other two variables play partial mediating roles including chain mediation between proactive personality and SFV addiction. The ratio of SFV addicts amounted to 23.57%, which was slightly higher compared to previous research findings.

Conclusion

Proactive personality negatively predicts SFV addiction among college students and the mediators of resilience and self-control play partially mediating roles between proactive personality and SFV addiction.
Is tamoxifen good enough for the Asian population in ER+ HER2- post-menopausal women with early breast cancer? A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chang Chuan-Hsun , Lee Yi-Chan , Huang Chun-Wen , Lu You-Min
Published: November 2024

Background

Numerous clinical trials have compared the efficacy of endocrine therapy in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. This study aims to explore whether there is a difference in recurrence rates between this population using tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) by analyzing real-world data.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data and the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR). We identified 6,050 patients aged over 55 diagnosed with ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer between 2012 and 2016 (4,451 on AIs alone and 1,599 on tamoxifen alone). Recurrence in both groups was assessed until the end of 2020. Hazards were measured based on age of diagnosis, cancer stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, type of endocrine therapy used, and adherence. Recurrence‑free survival between the AIs and tamoxifen groups was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier model.

Results

The average age was 65.1 years, with a median follow-up time of 5.7 years and a median duration of endocrine therapy of 4.5 years. The recurrence rate was 2.2%. Using tamoxifen as endocrine therapy reduces the risk of recurrence compared to AIs (adjusted HR: 0.32, p < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference between the two drugs in stage 1 breast cancer. However, in stage 2, the risk of breast cancer recurrence decreased to 0.15 times with the use of tamoxifen compared to AIs (p = 0.0002). Stage 2 cancer, histological grade 3, and non-adherence increased recurrence risk in post-menopausal breast cancer patients.

Conclusion

Based on real-world data analysis, in ER-positive, HER2-negative post-menopausal women with early breast cancer in Taiwan, the use of tamoxifen compared to AIs is associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Improved adherence to medication can break the cycle of recurrence and improve health outcomes.