bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Various Biochemical Parameters Among Covid-19 Patients: An Observational Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Aravaanan Arul Senghor K.
Published: December 2021

Novel coronavirus causing the pandemic infectious disease termed as COVID-19 is characterized by respiratory illness which may lead on to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation leading on to cytokine storm. Alterations in various biochemical parameters have been widely reported in COVID-19. Early identification of effective biomarkers to assess the severity of this disease is essential. Our study was aimed to evaluate the variations in the routinely analysed biochemical parameters and their association with ferritin levels among COVID patients. The study participants consisted of 270 members among which 149 were COVID positive and 121 were negative. Analysis of the routine biochemical parameters as well as ferritin level were carried out. Among the 149 positive cases, 84 (56.4%) were mild positive with ferritin levels <500ng/ml and 65 (43.6%) were severe positive with ferritin levels >500ng/ml. We reported significant increase in serum ferritin levels in severe positive samples (1449.84 ± 249.47) compared to mild positive samples (230.04 ± 17.41). We observed increased levels of total bilirubin in 12.7%, direct bilirubin in 16.8%, indirect bilirubin in 8.7%, AST in 65.8%, ALT in 44.3%, ALP in 9.4%, GGT in 51.7%, urea in 18.4%, creatinine in 14.3%, BUN in 18.4% and decreased levels of total protein and albumin in 23.5% positive patients compared to negative patients. Ferritin and its associated biochemical parameters act as predictors of COVID severity. These biochemical alterations suggest the significance of early risk assessment and monitoring of COVID patients.
Investigations on the Source Material of Oat Seeds, Avena sativa through the Multidimensional Ranking Method in Natural Conditions of Yakutia, Siberia, Russia
Authors: Petrova Lidia V.
Published: December 2021

Eighty-three collection samples of oat seeds (Avena sativa L.) of various ecological, geographical, and breeding origins were studied in the conditions of Central Yakutia during 2017-2019 by the method of multidimensional ranking according to six economically valuable characteristics, namely, the duration of the growing season, grain yield, grain weight from the plant and panicles, the weight of 1.000 grains, and yielding tillering capacity. According to the results of the multidimensional ranking, the varieties were divided into three groups: the best, average, and worst. At that, from the data entered for 83 samples, the program determined priorities based on a combination of the duration of the growing season and yield. The group of best samples, based on a combination of economically valuable features, included 63% of samples from Europe, 30% from Russia, and 7% from Asia. The main share in the average group was made up of samples from Europe (63%), Russia (33%), and Asia (4%). The local zoned variety – Pokrovsky standard is included in the average group with a rank limit of 118.8. The worst group included the most samples from Europe (41%), Russia (26%), America (26%), Africa (3.7%), and Asia (3.7%). According to the precocity, 11 samples were identified that ripened earlier than the standard by 7-11 days. These are K-15062 (Omsk Region), K-15108 (USA), K-15111 (Colombia), K-15184 (Kemerovo Region), K-15191 (Slovakia), K-15357 (Norway), K-15375, K-15416, K-15418 (Germany), K-15392 (Sweden), and K-15408 (Belarus). Samples with high grain yield were included in the group of the best varieties. Among the selected varieties, cultivars K-15293 from Poland and K-15415 from Germany had the most stable yield over the years
Noninvasive Multi-Disciplinary Management of Ectodermal Dysplasia with Hyposalivation – A Case Report
Authors: Alhamed Sana
Published: December 2021

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a rare genetic condition with nearly 200 documented traits. As the name states, ED targets tissues derived from ectoderms, such as hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, and teeth. Other orofacial structures might be affected, such as salivary glands and hard palate. Lack of teeth and diminished facial height can impact negatively on child growth and psychological well-being. Therefore, assessment and an interdisciplinary management plan of orofacial components of ED children should be installed as early as possible. Here we report an early assessment and multi-disciplinary management of ED child’s orofacial structures, which allow restoration of facial height and dental function and saliva reduction by the least invasive restorative approach in the form of the composite build-up of microdont and overdentures. It also highlights the importance of periodic evaluation of growth and treatment plan adjustment as an integral part of the transitional management until the age of a definite dental treatment.
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Paper Mill Effluent Waste Water
Authors: Paul Rajesh
Published: December 2021

Aquatic ecosystem has been reported to be the universal sufferer of pollution caused by direct exposure of industrial discharges which causes severe genotoxic damages to aquatic flora and fauna. Researchers have found that fish have been extensively harmed by such exposure compared to other aquatic fauna. As living organisms directly depend on fish as a food resource, hence the study of mutagenicity induced have been extensively important not only for safety of aquatic organisms but also for safety of other living organisms too. Micronucleus (MN) assay has been continuously used in the evaluation of DNA damage. Mutagenic and genotoxic studies employed this methodology to evaluate possible carcinogenic risk due to exposure to harmful xenobiotics in including aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to monitor the level of genotoxicity induced in fishes due to exposure to local paper mill effluent by using micronucleus assay as a biomarker. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of PME as 10%, 25% and 50%. Variation of body weight, survivality rate and percentage of micronucleated PCEs were analyzed. One-way anova was performed and data were expressed as Mean± S.E. Consecutive dose dependent and time dependent increase of toxicity was recorded in PME compared to negative and positive control (Mitomycin C). Our study supported the carcinogenic and chromosomal damage induced in aquatic organisms specially in fishes due to direct exposure of industrial discharges; also, the importance of MN test as an effective indicator for testing genotoxicity in fishes was confirmed.
Over-The-Counter Oral Hygiene Products Misuse: A Case Report
Authors: Aloyouny Ashwag Yagoub
Published: December 2021

Oral hygiene products (OHP) are recommended to maintain the teeth and health of the oral cavity tissues by assisting in lowering the plaque level as well as the opportunistic flora. Oral hygiene products could cause oral health problems that may vary in severity. Due to the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and lack of knowledge, customers may misuse these products. An oral hygiene product is a double-edged sword; a customer would develop side effects from it without even knowing or correlating the source. Many signs and symptoms may appear on the patients such as oral and perioral burning sensations, swelling, erythema, dysgeusia, and dysphagia. To our knowledge and based on the review of English literature through PubMed Midline, this is the first case report of misuse because of an over-the-counter oral hygiene product in which the patient used a mouthwash continuously and aggressively for 15 days without knowing of its side effects. This case report presents an eighty-two-year-old, male patient who complained of pain, burning, swollen, and dry mouth and lips. The author discussed the most common ingredients of oral mouthwashes. Some active ingredients may irritate the oral mucosa and lips. Also, the author discussed the possible differential diagnosis of painful, sensitive, burning, swollen, and dry mouth and lips. This report is intended as an overview of a rare and unusual oral condition associated with the misuse of OTC oral hygiene products. The findings of the present study necessitated the need for clear verbal and written instructions to be provided to the patients before recommending or prescribing any type of medication.
Phytoremediation Potential of Flowering Plants in Relation to Copper
Authors: Vityaz S.N.
Published: December 2021

Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, nickel, mercury, lead, copper, zinc and others are among the priority environmental pollutants. Determination of their content in its main subsystems is an obligatory component in environmental monitoring and certification of agricultural products. On the other hand, all metals are natural components of soil-forming rocks, and some metals are classified as biogenic microelements, and their absence provokes functional disorders in living organisms. This article describes the results of studying the phytoremediation potential of flowering plants in relation to copper ions under laboratory conditions. The following flowering plants were selected as test crops: tansy phacelia, white mustard, small-flowered marigolds and a mixture of cereal grasses consisting of red fescue, perennial ryegrass and bluegrass in a ratio of 40%, 50%, 10%, respectively. Within the experiment, copper ions in concentrations of 2 and 10 maximum permissible concentration (MPC) were introduced into the soil sampled from the territory of agricultural lands (leached medium-thick heavy loamy chernozem with a high level of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium and a low level of nitrate nitrogen, copper in gross and mobile forms). It was found that all plants selected as test crops are capable of accumulating copper ions from the soil to varying degrees, which makes it possible to use them in phytoremediation of agricultural lands planned for organic farming. The ability to accumulate copper ions increases in the following order: white mustard < small-flowered marigolds < tansy phacelia < mixture of cereal grasses. The maximum effect of soil phytoremediation was revealed in the variant with a mixture of cereal grasses. When they are grown, the content of copper ions in the soil with the introduction of 2 MPC decreases by 38.8%, with the introduction of 10 MPC the concentration decreases by 47.8%.
Zooplankton Diversity Indices for the Assessment of Perennial Freshwater Body in Bishnupur, Bankura, West Bengal
Authors: Dutta Tapas Kumar
Published: December 2021

The status of health of any aquatic ecosystem is largely dependent on the diversity and density of zooplankton inhabiting the water body. Zooplankton are considered to be the most vital primary consumer in any aquatic ecosystem. At the same time, they also influence to a greater extent in determining the total productivity of an aquatic body. The present study is an attempt to estimate the diversity of zooplankton and to find out the richness, evenness, of the freshwater perennial aquatic body, Lalbundh of Bishnupur, Bankura.The study was carried out during December 2018 to November 2019. The whole period of study was divided into four major seasons viz winter (December2018 to February2018), Summer (March2019to May 2019), Monsoon (June 2019 to August 2019) and post monsoon (September 2019 to November 2019). Collection of the zooplankton samples and their quantitative analysis was done following the standard procedures. During the whole period of study 18 different species of zooplankton have been identified from the study area. Out of them 7 species belong to the Rotifera group, 6 species belong to Cladocera group, 3 species of Copepoda group and 2 species of Ostracoda group. Rotifera group comprise the dominant of all the groups constituting 39% of the total zooplankton species, followed by Cladocera (33%), Copepoda(18%) and Ostracoda (11%). The range of Shannon diversity index value of zooplankton varies from 2.76 to 2.88. The species richness value varies from 2.45 (winter) to 2.56 (monsoon). Evenness value varies from 0.95 in summer to0.98in monsoon. Zooplankton diversity indices values of Lalbundh give a clear indication of light condition of pollution level of the water body. The main reason behind the pollution of this perennial water body may be the floating dead and decomposed macrophytes in it. They should be removed as far as possible at regular intervals so that the pollution level can be reduced and the water body can be more efficiently used for pisciculture practices.
Green Synthesis of Polymer-Capped Copper Nanoparticles Using Ocimum sanctum Leaf Extract: Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Makvana Chirag
Published: December 2021

The advancement of green nanotechnology has piqued the interest of researchers into the environmentally responsible production of nanoparticles. Conventionally used chemical methods for the synthesis of the nanoparticles have shown adverse effect on environment due to the use of highly toxic chemicals. They are also expensive as they utilize costly chemicals as a reducing and capping agent. Use of plant extract can be an environment friendly and cost-effective approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Copper is the metal which humans utilize from the ancient time period and it doesn’t show any adverse effect on humankind as well as on environment. Leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum was employed with CuSO4 (1:9, v/v) to synthesize stable copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) that were then functionalized with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Characterization of synthesized copper nanoparticles was carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Synthesized CuNPs were subjected against the human pathogenic bacterial strain to evaluate their antibacterial potency. Antioxidative characteristics of CuNPs were analyzed using DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The UV–visible spectra of CuNPs showed unique peaks at 322 and 247 nm indicates the stable formation of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern suggest the face cubic centered (FCC) structure of copper nanoparticles. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of biomolecules attached on the surface of CuNPs. TEM analysis proven the synthesis of spherical shaped CuNPs with the average particle size of 73.50 ± 1.78 nm. Biosynthesized CuNPs showed maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli which was tends to be 20 mm. 51.48 % of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was observed by synthesized PVP coated CuNPs. As a result, this technology can be employed for the quick and environmentally friendly biosynthesis of stable copper nanoparticles with antibacterial and antioxidant activities with the size range from 10 to 100 nm, implying their potential application in the healthcare, clinical as well as pharmaceutical fields
Assessment of Hand-Washing Habits Among Secondary School Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Noshili Ali Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

The health effects of infectious diseases affecting school-aged children continue to be a source of concern in the majority of low- and middle-income nations, owing to poor personal hygiene habits and insufficient sanitary facilities in public primary schools. Schoolchildren and primary school pupils are at increased risk due to a lack of attention to a fundamental yet crucial aspect of personal hygiene, such as continually washing hands with soap under running water, and even due to a lack of information of correct hand washing with soap practice. In recent years, public health concerns about communicable diseases such as respiratory infection and pneumonia have increased. The majority of school students are more exposed to infectious risk factors as a result of their frequent engagement in unhealthy behaviors. The purpose of this study is to determine the handwashing habits of Saudi Arabian secondary school students. The study employed a cross-sectional design in which an online survey was used to assess handwashing habits. Boys and girls from Saudi Arabia's secondary schools were included in the population. Statistical software was used to synthesize and analyze the data collected. The findings indicate that there was a relatively high level of commitment to hand washing. Additionally, findings indicated that the primary reason for skipping hand washing was a lack of recall. When it comes to handwashing materials in schools, the majority of participants prefer water and soap. The study discovered that the majority of secondary school students are unaware of the dangers associated with improper handwashing. Regression analysis revealed that there are significant predictors of handwashing commitment. Factors influencing secondary school students' handwashing habits include their region, academic year, gender, age, and parent's education. Thus, hygiene education programs in schools and communities should be implemented to raise awareness about the importance of hand hygiene.
Significance of Addressal of Clinical Investigations of Kidney Functions in Recovery/Mortality of Certain COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Angel Bennet
Published: December 2021

Clinical management of COVID-19 patients through a robust protocol is key to the good recovery and reduced mortality of patients. Efficient kidney functions during treatment period can contribute for improvised recovery and reduced mortality of patients. Analysis of the kidney function among Recovered and Dead cases of COVID-19 was made to reveal the degree of association of kidney functions with the two categories of patients. 83.4% of recovered patients did not show hyper values of blood urea whereas 72.5% of dead patients showed hyper-urea level in blood. 88.8% of survivors showed non-hyper creatinine level of blood whereas only 40% of dead cases showed hyper creatine level. Strong degree of association of blood urea with recovery/mortality was observed. Sodium levels were seen to be low while potassium and chloride ions were seen to be high in COVID-19 individuals. Our preliminary study suggests that kidney functions especially the value of blood urea and creatinine need to be addressed during COVID-19 patients to ensure the best recovery and reduced mortality. After more number of case studies, the present observation could sensitize consideration for inclusion of addressal and treatment of kidney functions into treatment protocol against COVID-19. It was also interesting to observe that levels of sodium and potassium ions among Survivors and Dead cases have impacted function of the essential ion channels in patient’s physiology.
On the Body Image and Standard Score Scale for Ideal Body of Women in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Authors: Khai Huynh Trong
Published: December 2021

Developing the shape of human bodies is both one of the important tasks of the sports industry in each country in the world and the need of each individual, especially women. So, what body image is considered standard? We have researched and initially built a rating scale for each of the basic body standards indicators of women including 7/9 body standards indicators. At the same time, it also developed a standard to evaluate the body image of women's body shape through the ratio between waist measurement and indicators such as standing height, bust measurement, and hips measurement. During this study, we used common methods such as reference methods related to research objectives; expert interviews; anthropometric; Statistical mathematics. The study has developed a scale to evaluate the indicators of body beautiful image for each criterion of ideal body standards. This is the basis for them to be able to calculate the measurements of each fitness criterion to exercise in proportion to their height so that they have an ideal body standard, as well as a source of reference for other athletes, trainers, body image trainers, physical education teachers, or researchers on women's health in Vietnam. From there, it helps the practitioner know the correct rings needed have to work out based on his height. This is the basis for them to be able to calculate the measurements of each fitness criterion to exercise in proportion to their height so that they have an ideal body standard.
Improved Cleansing Process of Stuck Soil Brush from Cleaners during the Sugar Beet Harvest
Authors: Kuznetsov Pavel Nikolaevich
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the present research is to improve the quality of cleaning sugar beetroot crops with a brush cleaner by developing a device for removing stuck soil. The article defines the dependence of the impact velocity on the distance to the place of impact, which changes linearly, increasing with increasing distance to the place of impact. Analysis of the dependence shows that the speed can be most significantly influenced by the speed of the conveyor and the radius of the trajectory of the end of the bending lint, which directly depends on the diameter of the cylindrical brush. Nomogram was obtained to determine the most optimal parameters of the impact site on the lint. When conducting studies with heavy loamy chernozem soils with a moisture content of ≈28%, it revealed that the minimum required brush lint impact velocity to separate soil from the coils of the spring is about ≈ 2.5 m/s. The analysis of the dependence shows that the most effective cleaning of the brush lint from the stuck soil (90-98%) occurs when a blow is applied at a distance of 40 to 78 mm from the place of attachment of the lint with a lint length of 100 mm. The impact velocity of the brush lint should be large enough to separate the soil of maximum stickiness from the coil of the spring, however, it should not be greater than the speed causing lint cutting, i.e. the speed at which the brush lint are destroyed.
PECULIARITIES OF THE WORK OF THE SURGICAL STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCUIT IN THE QUARANTINE
Authors: Bitska I. V.
Published: December 2021

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the only way to learn and communicate with students is distance learning.

The aim. Analyze the features of the student scientific circle on surgery in the mode of distance learning in quarantine.

Materials and methods. When the pandemic has suddenly spread to all spheres of life, the only way to learn and communicate with students is distance learning. In Ukraine, distance learning is regulated by an order of the Ministry of Education and Science from 31.10.2013 № 1518 "On approval of the Requirements to higher educational institutions and institutions of postgraduate education, scientific, educational and scientific institutions that provide educational services in the form of distance learning to train and improve the skills of specialists in accredited areas and specialties." With the approval of distance learning, the work of the student scientific circle (CSC) "Sharp Scalpel" at the department also went online. The structure of classes during studies in the CSC consists of a theoretical part where students report the results of scientific research from literature sources according to the topics they work on with supervisors, as well as a practical part where they work directly with patients under the supervision of the CSC leader. Some classes are held in the vivarium, where they learn to suture the intestines of animals. Often the structure of practical training in the CSC is not so clear, because in the presence of an interesting clinical case in the hospital or operating room, students are fully engaged in practical work.

Results. With the transition to distance learning, the structure of classes in the CSC has undergone a significant transformation - the most important and interesting part for the group has fallen, namely the possibility of contact with the patient. The group members were divided into two groups: Group I – 8 students (25%) - students who, in addition to the practical part of the lesson, are also interested in the theoretical part of the group, who continued to study literature sources according to the topic they received and actively prepared for the scientific-practical conference. Group II-22 students (75%) – those, who lost interest in the CSC, when the opportunity to work with the patient became inaccessible. Another disadvantage of online learning is the loss of society, are the possibility of direct communication between students is lost, the necessary skills in communicating with the patient are not acquired, which is extremely important in the medical profession.

Conclusions. In the case of quarantine, distance learning is an important and necessary form of educational process, even in medical schools, but it can not replace live communication between students, with the patient and the teacher. Online learning does not provide a practical part of the CSC work, which is manifested in the loss of interest in classes in the CSC among students.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOSITION OF GINGIVAL POCKETS MICRFLORA ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH PURULENT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN THE PERIODONTAL TISSUES
Authors: Voronkina I. A. , Dyachenko V. F. , Maryuschenko A. M. , Serdechna E. S. , Rusanova V. G.
Published: December 2021

The problem of the purulent inflammatory disorders of periodontal tissues (PIDPT) at the present time is extremely prevalent. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 80% of people suffer from periodontal diseases, and the disease incidence among young people increases significantly and reaches up to 80-95 %. The aim of the present research was to study the composition of microflora of gingival pockets in patients with purulent inflammatory periodontal diseases (PIDPT) in order to establish the specific weight of the determined microbial associations.

Materials and methods. Microbiological researches included isolation and identification of bacteria that were present in the gingival pockets of patients with different types of PIDPT. Identification of anaerobic microorganisms and associated microflora was carried out with the help of commonly used classical bacteriological methods, with determination of biochemical properties of the microorganisms cultures using APІ and ANAEROtest 23.

Results. There were 192 patients studied in total, all aged older than 20 with diagnoses acute and chronical periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, hypertrophic pulpitis, granulating periodontitis, parodontopathy, and local periodontitis with a presence of fistula. During the analysis of composition of the microflora isolated from periodontal tissue in patients with PIDPT, the following pathogens were isolated most frequently during the bacteriological research: Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Neisseria spp., Stomatococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. (58%). The quantity of periodontally pathogenic microorganisms was constituted 19,3% from the total quantity of isolated streains (81 isolates). The most numerous group was determined to be the “orange” complex (59,3%) – isolates of Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra. The least numerous was the group of “green” complex - (2,5 %) – Streptococcus mitis. Periodontally pathogenic representatives of microbiota in all cases were isolated as a part of associations with other bacteria.

The presented materials signified that the periodontally pathogenic agents of the “red” and “orange” complexes were isolated together with representatives of Streptococcus spp - 33 (56,0 %) associations; Staphylococcus spp - 11(18,6%) – associations. Also in 13 cases (22,1 %) of associations the associated flora was represented by Candida spp. fungi.

Conclusions. In course of the research, 4 species of “red” and “orange” complexes were identified, and the quantity of different associations there were present in was significant. There were 22 associations determined. The obtained date concerning microbial associates in the content of gingival pockets in PIDPT show the necessity of individual approach during treatent of this patient group, with taking into account the microbial diversity.
An integrated approach on verification of signatures using multiple classifiers (SVM and Decision Tree): A multi-classification approach
Authors:   Department of CSE, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonipat, Haryana, India, et al. Jindal
Published: December 2021

A signature is a handwritten representation that is commonly used to validate and recognize the writer individually. An automated verification system is mandatory to verify the identity. The signature essentially displays a variety of dynamics and the static characteristics differ with time and place. Many scientists have already found different algorithms to boost the signature verification system function extraction point. The paper is aimed at multiplying two different ways to solve the problem in digital, manual, or some other means of verifying signatures. The various characteristics of the signature were found through the most adequately implemented methods of machine learning (support vector and decision tree). In addition, the characteristics were listed after measuring the effects. An experiment was performed in various language databases. More precision was obtained from the feature.
ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF URBAN AREA: CASE STUDY OF GEORGE TOWN, PENANG
Authors: Ali Wazani Ikhwan , Mohamad Diana , Jaafar Mastura
Published: December 2021

Persons with Disabilities (PwD) confront several challenges that hinder them from fully exercising their rights and participating in social, professional, and cultural activities when it comes to accessing built environment. This paper is to investigate the accessibility challenges that PwD face in George Town, Penang. The questionnaire survey techniques employed was to obtain data from a group of PwD. The questionnaire was conducted on wheelchair users, the walking impaired, the visually impaired, and the hearing impaired in George Town areas. Most PwD three key challenges, such as narrow sidewalks, uneven sidewalk surfaces, barriers on sidewalks and dangerous drop curbs. Accessibility facilities in George Town still need to be improved to make it easier for PwD to get around. The findings and recommendations in this study would assist in improving current access to a built environment so that PwD may visit the George Town areas easily and safely.
BEST PRACTICES AMONGST TOUR OPERATORS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN PULAU PAYAR
Authors: Saad Mohd Fairus , Rahman Suraiyati
Published: December 2021

A beautiful island, pristine natural environment and abundant marine biodiversity essentially attract segmented tourists to visit marine parks in Malaysia. The marine protected areas (MPAs) in Malaysia are bound to comply with the regulations and guidelines in ensuring the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. However, studies focusing on environmental best practices amongst tour operators in MPAs are limited. Hence, this study attempts to examine environmental management practices amongst the tour operators in Pulau Payar. A qualitative method was adopted using observation and a semi-structured interview with registered tour operators in the designated area. Fifteen respondents participated in the interview. Based on thematic analysis, this study revealed that the tour operators’ operating services in Pulau Payar had implemented best practices on environmental approaches using the following: Educate Visitors on Environmental Awareness (1), Using Environmentally Friendly Equipment (2) Conservation Efforts (3) and Waste Management and Amenities (4). In addition, the findings showed that the tour operators play an essential role in educating the tourists and role models to protect the environment.
SYSTEMATIC INVENTORY FOR HERITAGE SHOPHOUSE FACADES IN IPOH, PERAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Nordiana , Ahmad Abdul Ghafar
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, many heritage shophouses remain intact in major urban areas in Malaysia, including Ipoh, Perak. These architectural assets are significant as they portray the glory and achievements of Ipoh over the centuries. However, some shophouses face inappropriate façade changes due to improper conservation activities performed on the heritage properties. These situations have resulted in the phenomenon of inconsistency elements of building facades. Therefore, this paper focuses on two aspects regarding heritage shophouse facades; first, developing the taxonomy of architectural styles according to the tangible elements, and second, classifying and grading the architectural styles. Then, an inventory form named eFakad was developed as a tool to evaluate 65 shophouses at Jalan Sultan Iskandar, Ipoh. The result shows that 49% of facades are in excellent condition, but the rest of the facades need to be conserved and maintained, particularly roof finishes, windows and doors. By applying eFakad inventory form, the documentation and conservation management of the heritage shophouses can be done systematically. Consequently, the stakeholders will be aware of the main problems faced by the heritage shophouses through the inventory record and appropriate actions can be taken in preserving the integrity of the facades. Additionally, the local authority may use the information to improve the existing conservation guidelines.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PUBLIC SPACE TO THE SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: Harun Nor Zalina , Jaffar Najiha , Mansor Mazlina
Published: December 2021

Landscape is a dynamic system in geography that has a spatial structure created by natural and cultural causes. Landscapes are made up of geophysical, which are formed by physical terrain elements (mountains, hills and water bodies and streams), living elements (indigenous plants), man-made elements (land uses, buildings, and structures), and temporary elements such as lighting and weather conditions. Traditional settlements are one of the key cultural land-uses and landscape assets in terms of history, customs, culture, and architecture. Modernization and continuous development have sometimes radically altered the physical terrain environment over time, obliterating traditional settlements in favor of more modern land uses with public facilities. Will these facilities continue to operate as a social sustainability accelerator for residents living in traditional settlements? This research aims to address the roles of the public infrastructure in determining the social sustainability of the people in two traditional settlements in Kuala Terengganu. A mixed methods strategy was used in this study, which comprised of observation and survey questionnaires. To identify the important components that determine social sustainability, a questionnaire survey was employed that collected data from 400 residents. The major conclusions emphasize three most significant characteristics of public space under the most preferred public infrastructures selected by the residents: They are: (i) adequate amenities; (ii) public spaces that support a variety of activities; and (iii) public spaces that are accessible to the general public. The research implicates that a better socio-cultural and traditional heritage will be generated and preserved as a result of a more organised settlement, underlining the value of culture and history in developing a sense of community and belonging.
Evaluation of a Healthy Relationship Smartphone App With Indigenous Young People: Protocol for a Co-designed Stepped Wedge Randomized Trial
Authors: Koziol-McLain Jane , Wilson Denise , Vandal Alain C , Eruera Moana , Nada-Raja Shyamala , Dobbs Terry , Roguski Michael , Barbarich-Unasa Te Wai
Published: December 2021

Background

We co-designed a smartphone app, Harmonised, with taitamariki (young people aged 13-17 years) to promote healthy intimate partner relationships. The app also provides a pathway for friends and family, or whānau (indigenous Māori extended family networks), to learn how to offer better support to taitamariki.

Objective

The aim of our taitamariki- and Māori-centered study is to evaluate the implementation of the app in secondary schools. The study tests the effectiveness of the app in promoting taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome).

Methods

We co-designed a pragmatic, randomized, stepped wedge trial (retrospectively registered on September 12, 2019) for 8 Aotearoa, New Zealand, secondary schools (years 9 through 13). The schools were randomly assigned to implement the app in 1 of the 2 school terms. A well-established evaluation framework (RE-AIM [Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance]) guided the selection of mixed data collection methods. Our target sample size is 600 taitamariki enrolled across the 8 schools. Taitamariki will participate by completing 5 web-based surveys over a 15-month trial period. Taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy (primary outcome) and well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness (secondary outcomes) will be assessed with each survey. The general effectiveness hypotheses will be tested by using a linear mixed model with nested participant, year-group, and school random effects. The primary analysis will also include testing effectiveness in the Māori subgroup.

Results

The study was funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment in October 2015 and approved by the Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee on May 3, 2017 (application number: 17/71).

Conclusions

This study will generate robust evidence evaluating the impact of introducing a healthy relationship app in secondary schools on taitamariki partner relationship self-efficacy, well-being, general health, cybersafety management, and connectedness. This taitamariki- and indigenous Māori–centered research fills an important gap in developing and testing strengths-based mobile health interventions in secondary schools.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001262190; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377584

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/24792
Hasil Studi Pola Kebakaran Lahan Gambut melalui Citra Satelit Sentinel-2 dengan Pengimplementasian Machine Learning Metode Random Forest : Kajian Literatur
Authors: Kusuma Annisa Rizky , Shodiq Fauzan Maulana , Hazim Muhammad Faris , Laksono Dany Puguh
Published: December 2021

Kebakaran lahan gambut merupakan peristiwa yang sulit diprediksi perilakunya. Karakteristik tanah gambut yang kompleks dan faktor-faktor alam lain seperti arah angin, status vegetasi, dan kandungan air membuat kasus ini menjadi salah satu kasus menarik yang masih menjadi objek penelitian yang belum tuntas hingga saat ini. Ketika memasuki musim kemarau kondisi kadar air di dalam tanah gambut akan semakin berkurang, maka potensi terjadinya kebakaran akan semakin tinggi. Pada studi ini dilakukan analisis faktor penyebab kebakaran dengan area cakupan yang luas melalui satelit Sentinel-2. Citra satelit yang diperoleh nantinya akan diolah oleh machine learning untuk memprediksi penyebaran api. Hasil literatur yang telah dilakukan diperoleh bahwa Ground Water Level (GWL), kematangan gambut, suhu, curah hujan dan kelembaban, serta kerapatan vegetasi dapat diidentifikasi melalui perhitungan indeks. Indeks yang digunakan diantaranya indeks Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) dan Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) yang diolah dengan algoritma machine learning metode Random Forest memilki akurasi mencapai 96%.
Pemetaan Transaksi Jual Beli Tanah Tahun 2015, 2017, dan 2019 di Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Dewi Rossa Purnama , Djurdjani Djurdjani
Published: December 2021

Kabupaten Sleman merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi DIY memiliki luas  574,82    km2, jumlah penduduk 1,075 juta jiwa (hasil registrasi) dan pertambahan penduduk sekitar 1,12% per tahun berdasar Kabupaten Sleman dalam angka tahnun 2020. Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk akan meningkatkan kebutuhan tanah sebagai ruang untuk usaha maupun papan yang selanjutnya berpengaruh terhadap tingkat transaksi jual beli tanah. Peta transaksi jual beli tanah yang berisi distribusi dan frekuensi transaksi jual beli serta harga pasar tanah akan dibutuhkan baik oleh pemerintah mapun investor dalam menentukan kebijakan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan ruang bagi penduduk Sleman dan menganalisis arah pertumbuhan wilayah. Tulisan ini akan menyajikan dan mengevaluasi transaksi jual beli tanah di daerah Sleman untuk tahun 2015, 2017 dan 2019. Data transaksi diperoleh dari laporan PPAT tiap bulan kepada Kantor BPN Kabupaten Sleman. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif berdasar kecenderungan perubahan nilai, distribusi transaksi dan kesesuaian terhadap RTRW. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa dari tahun ke tahun jumlah transaksi jual beli tanah cenderung naik. Dari aspek luas tanah, transaksi terbesar terjadi pada tanah yang memiliki luas <200m dengan lokasi yang mendekati wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Sebagian lokasi tanah yang dijual belikan sebgaian besar sesuai dengan RTRW Kabupaten Sleman tahun 2011-2031.
Optimasi Geometri Jaring GNSS dan RTS untuk Pemantauan Deformasi Kontinu Saluran Induk Kalibawang di Jembatan Talang Bowong, Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Authors: Siami Ghea Ayunda , Ma'ruf Bilal , Atunggal Dedi
Published: December 2021

Kegiatan rehabilitasi dan pemeliharaan di Jembatan Talang Bowong membutuhkan pemantauan gerakan massa tanah secara real-time dan kontinu. Penelitian ini berusaha mendesain jaring kontrol pemantauan gerakan massa tanah secara geometrik dengan data simulasi yang diturunkan dari data orthophoto sebagai langkah awal untuk pembangunan jaring kontrol pemantauan. Data simulasi yang didapatkan berupa koordinat distribusi titik kontrol kemudian diturunkan menjadi vektor baseline. Nilai ketelitian pada penelitian ini didapatkan dari alat yang digunakan pada saat pemantauan berlangsung yaitu GNSS Leica seri GM30 dan RTS Leica seri TS16 1”. Jaring kontrol pemantauan didesain berdasarkan integrasi antara GNSS dan RTS. Pembuatan desain jaring kontrol GNSS dilakukan dengan membentuk jaring dengan baseline yang sederhana hingga kompleks. Sedangkan, pembuatan desain jaring kontrol RTS dilakukan berdasarkan variasi jarak antar titik prisma target. Nilai matriks varian-kovarian pengamatan dari estimasi hitung kuadrat terkecil digunakan untuk pemilihan desain geometri jaring terbaik berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kriteria presisi yang terdiri atas kriteria A-Optimality, D-Optimality, E-Optimality, S-Optimality, dan I-Optimality. Nilai matriks kofaktor residu digunakan untuk pemilihan desain geometri jaring terbaik berdasarkan kriteria kehandalan yang terdiri atas aspek redundansi individu, kehandalan dalam, dan kehandalan luar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain jaring GNSS yang paling optimal yaitu jaring DG04. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai kriteria presisi dan kehandalan luar paling kecil serta nilai kriteria redundansi individu paling besar. Desain jaring RTS yang paling optimal yaitu jaring rts01. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai kriteria presisi, kehandalan dalam, dan kehandalan luar paling kecil serta nilai kriteria redundansi individu paling besar.
Warok Pendekar Penghenti Money Politics
Authors: Mahardika Rivaldi
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana keterlibatan local strongman dalam kontestasi politik elektoral di tingkat lokal. Secara khusus, riset ini berusaha memahami tentang fenomena warok di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Riset ini berupaya mengidentifikasi keterlibatan jejaring warok dalam pilkada, terutama dalam penghentian money politic yang dilakukan oleh kandidat yang lain. Strategi pemenangan ini merupakan suatu strategi baru yang dilakukan oleh tim pemenangan kepala daerah. Dalam menganalisis fenomena tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan yang diperoleh dari observasi secara langsung dari fenomena di Kabupaten Ponorogo, in-depth interview dengan tim pemenangan kandidat, anggota partai, dan tokoh masyarakat. Temuan dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa fenomena warok memiliki peran cukup penting dalam kontestasi politik elektoral di tingkat lokal, dibuktikan dengan bergabungnya tim pemenangan kepala daerah di Kabupaten Ponorogo dan strategi untuk menghentian money politics yang dilakukan oleh lawan politik.
Transparansi
Authors: Pabubung Michael Reskiantio
Published: December 2021

Dana Desa (sejatinya) digunakan untuk pembangunan fisik desa dan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Pemanfaatannya pun harus tepat sasaran. Sayangnya, tujuan dana desa sering kali tidak tepat sasaran dan diwarnai oleh indikasi korupsi akibat kurangnya transparansi dari pihak pemerintah. Ini merupakan masalah mendesak untuk ditanggapi secara serius. Dalam konteks kecanggihan teknologi, pembicaraan tentang norma transparansi perlu dibarengi dengan instrumen transparansi sebagaimana yang digagas dalam tulisan ini. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan etika publik, khususnya tentang pentingnya peran serta masyarakat desa dalam mengawasi kinerja dan kualitas etis pejabat publik. Tulisan ini menekankan dimensi instrumental dari transparansi, khususnya dalam konteks kemajuan teknologi modern. Hal ini bertolak dari pemahaman akan pentingnya peranan masyarakat desa dalam partisipasi pembangunan desa melalui pengawasan independen terhadap pejabat publik. Untuk mendukung terwujudnya instrumentalisasi transparansi dalam pelayanan publik, analisis ini mengusulkan sebuah model panoptikon modern, yakni adanya aplikasi “Citizen Report Card” (CRC) yang bisa diunduh oleh setiap warga desa dengan mudah dari play-store atau app-store. Di era teknologi modern, aplikasi ini bisa menjadi solusi bagi masalah korupsi dana desa; itu juga harus didukung oleh infrastruktur teknologi yang memadai, yakni tersedianya akses internet di seluruh penjuru negeri. Analisis ini diharapkan memberi sumbangan tersedianya ruang bagi warga desa untuk terlibat aktif dalam pengawasan independen untuk mencegah korupsi dana desa dengan memanfaatkan kecanggihan media sebagai tindak lanjut dari apa yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Pasal 68 dan Pasal 82.
Comparison of Prediction Programs for Short Wave Circuit Link from Iraq to Test points on Both Earth Hemispheres during Solar Minimum
Authors: Hasan Ahmed Kadhim
Published: December 2021

This paper compare  the accurecy of HF propagation  prediction programs for  HF circuits links between Iraq and  different points world wide  during August 2018 when  solar cycle 24 (start 2009 end 2020) is at minimun activity and also find out the best communication mode  used. The prediction   programs like Voice of America Coverage Analysis Program (VOACAP) and ITU Recommendation RS 533 (REC533 )  had been used to generat HF circuit link  parameters like Maximum Usable Frequency ( MUF) and Frequency of Transsmision (FOT) .Depending  on the predicted parameters (data)  , real radio contacts had been done using a radio transceiver from Icom  model IC 7100 with 100W RF power, tuner box and homemade  dipole antenna of 10 m length and  8m height above ground. From  correlation between the predicted data and observed data  the result was not accurate .