bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The feasibility and acceptability of an app-based cognitive strategy training programme for older people
Authors: Tulliani Nikki , Bye Rosalind , Bissett Michelle , Coutts Samantha , Liu Karen P. Y.
Published: June 2023

Background

Increasing numbers of people are living with mild cognitive impairment in later life and seeking therapy to maintain cognition to remain as independent as possible in daily life. Based on a review of the literature, an app-based programme using perceptual-encoding strategies called Enhancing Memory in Daily Life (E-MinD Life) was developed. An expert panel reviewed the programme’s appropriateness for older people with and without mild cognitive impairment. As part of the design process, the feasibility and acceptability of the E-MinD Life programme were then assessed in relation to its use by healthy older adults, with findings informing the application of the programme to older people with mild cognitive impairment in the future.

Methods

Phase 1: The E-MinD Life programme was reviewed by an expert panel of occupational therapists. Experts rated the programme on a Likert scale and answered open-ended questions in relation to feasibility, clarity, and relevancy. Phase 2 involved field-testing the 9-week programme with a sample of nine healthy older people. Participants rated the acceptability of the programme on a Likert scale questionnaire. Data on recruitment rates and retention, and adherence and duration of sessions were collected to determine the feasibility of the programme. Responses to the Likert scale were analysed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended responses were categorised qualitatively using a constant comparative approach.

Results

Phase 1: Experts indicated that the E-MinD Life programme was feasible and included relevant activities for community living. Although experts felt that an older user with mild NCD would be able to independently complete the programme, the qualitative analysis suggests formatting changes in future iterations of the programme to enhance visual clarity. Phase 2: All participants completed the 9-week programme. The average number of self-administered sessions attempted over the 9-week period was 13.44 (SD = 6.73) out of 18 scheduled sessions. Overall, most participants found the programme relevant, logical and easy to understand, and perceived it to be effective for functional cognitive problems.

Conclusion

The E-MinD Life programme shows promise for inclusion into trial designs to determine the effectiveness of the cognitive strategy programme for older people with and without cognitive impairment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03430401. Registered 1 February 2018.
Effects of soil potassium levels on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution in cotton
Authors: SHAO Jingjing , DONG Helin , JIN Yinan , LI Pengcheng , SUN Miao , FENG Weina , ZHENG Cangsong
Published: June 2023

Background

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. However, plant fertilization ignoring the soil K level is very likely to cause excessive fertilizer use, and further arouse a series of side effects. This study investigated the response of cotton growth to different soil K levels and the uptake of major nutrients, aiming to evaluate the appropriate K supply level for cotton growth. Using a random block design with 6 soil K levels, we conducted 18 micro-zones field experiments over two continuous years. The soil available K concentration of each treatment was K1 (99.77–100.90 mg·kg−1), K2 (110.90–111.26 mg·kg−1), K3 (123.48–128.88 mg·kg−1), K4 (140.13–145.10 mg·kg−1), K5 (154.43–155.38 mg·kg−1), and K6 (165.77–168.75 mg·kg−1). Cotton nutrient contents, soil nutrient contents, accumulation and distribution of dry matter in cotton were determined, and the relationships between K content in soil and plants and dry matter accumulation were analyzed.

Results

The soil K content had a significantly positive relationship with dry matter and K accumulation in cotton plants. There were significant differences in dry matter accumulation, single-plant seed cotton yield, mineral nutrient uptake and the proportion of K accumulation in reproductive organs among different soil K levels. The results showed that there was significant difference between K4 and lower K level treatments (K1 and K2), but no significant difference between K4 and higher K level treatments (K5 and K6) in dry matter, single-plant seed cotton yield, or accumulation, distribution and seed cotton production efficiency of N, P and K.

Conclusion

The soil K level of K4 was able to provide sufficient K for cotton growth in our experiment. Therefore, when the soil K level reached 140.13 mg·kg−1, further increasing the soil K concentration no longer had a significant positive effect on cotton growth.
Resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: CODE-AF registry
Authors: Park Hanjin , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Park Junbeom , Park Jin-Kyu , Kang Ki-Woon , Shim Jaemin , Kim Jin-Bae , Kim Jun , Choi Eue-Keun , Park HyungWook , Lee Young Soo , Joung Boyoung
Published: June 2023

Background

The prognostic significance of resting heart rate and its therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. We sought to investigate the relationship between resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-paroxysmal AF (non-PAF).

Methods

In this propensity score-weighted, multi-center prospective cohort study, 3217 patients with non-PAF were analyzed. Patients were categorized according to the baseline resting heart rate and cardiovascular outcomes were accessed for a median follow-up of 30 months. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and myocardial infarction/critical limb ischemia.

Results

Freedom from primary outcome was longest among patients with resting heart rate 80–99 beats per minute (bpm) whereas shortest among those with ≤ 59 bpm (weighted log rank, p = 0.008). Compared with heart rate ≥ 100 bpm, resting heart rate 80–99 and 60–79 bpm was associated with reduced risk of primary outcome (weighted hazard ratio [WHR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32–0.84, p = 0.008 and WHR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.92, p = 0.021 for heart rate 80–99 and 60–79 bpm, respectively). Using weighted restricted cubic spline curves, there was a U-shaped association between the resting heart rate and primary outcome with reduced risk of primary outcome in heart rate range of 68–99 bpm. This association was maintained regardless of atrioventricular node (AVN) blocker use or persistent/permanent AF (p for interaction 0.767 for AVN blocker use and 0.720 for AF type).

Conclusion

Resting heart rate was associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-PAF and those with resting heart rate between 68 and 99 bpm had lower risk of adverse cardiovascular events regardless of AVN blocker use or persistent/permanent AF.
The role of telemedicine in healthcare: an overview and update
Authors: Stoltzfus Mason , Kaur Arshdeep , Chawla Avantika , Gupta Vasu , Anamika F. N. U. , Jain Rohit
Published: June 2023

Background

First implemented in the 1950s, telemedicine is a rapidly evolving tool for healthcare systems around the world. Technological advancement and increasing access to information technology have made the implementation of telemedicine more feasible. Recent provisions by healthcare governing bodies have increased reimbursement for and the use of telemedicine globally. We have done a literature review to find out the pros and cons of adopting telemedicine.

Main body

Telemedicine is found to offer many benefits to conventional, in-person healthcare encounters for both patients and providers: decreased travel cost and time, decreased time spent in waiting rooms, decreased risk of transmission of communicable diseases, decreased overall encounter time consumption, increased convenience, and more. Telemedicine also facilitates seamless transitions of care between healthcare teams, connects isolated people groups with healthcare providers, and helps address regional healthcare infrastructure and provider shortages by connecting patients with healthcare teams from any location. Drawbacks specific to telemedicine include the lack of accessibility and advancement of imaging technology required to replace in-person physical examinations, nonuniversal access to the required devices and networks across the general patient population, and the risk of technical difficulties such as network connection disruptions.

Conclusion

Telemedicine helps bridging the gap of distance by connecting patients in remote locations with the physicians. This has also become vital in the time pandemic.
Status of Synthetic Data Generation for Structured Health Data
Authors: El Emam Khaled
Published: June 2023

A status update on applying generative AI to synthetic data generation
Proof-of-concept and Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trials of an FcRn Inhibitor, Batoclimab, for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Kahaly George J , Dolman Peter J , Wolf Jan , Giers Bert C , Elflein Heike M , Jain Amy P , Srinivasan Ashok , Hadjiiski Lubomir , Jordan David , Bradley Elizabeth A , Stan Marius N , Eckstein Anja , Pitz Susanne , Vorländer Christian , Wester Sara T , Nguyen John , Tucker Nancy , Sales-Sanz Marco , Feldon Steven E , Nelson Christine C , Hardy Isabelle , Abia-Serrano Maravillas , Tedeschi Philip , Janes Jonathan M , Xu Jing , Vue Peter , Macias William L , Douglas Raymond S
Published: June 2023

Context

Inhibition of the neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor (FcRn) reduces pathogenic thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) that drive pathology in thyroid eye disease (TED).

Objective

We report the first clinical studies of an FcRn inhibitor, batoclimab, in TED.

Design

Proof-of-concept (POC) and randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials.

Setting

Multicenter.

Participants

Patients with moderate-to-severe, active TED.

Intervention

In the POC trial, patients received weekly subcutaneous injections of batoclimab 680 mg for 2 weeks, followed by 340 mg for 4 weeks. In the double-blind trial, patients were randomized 2:2:1:2 to weekly batoclimab (680 mg, 340 mg, 255 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome

Change from baseline in serum anti-TSH-R-Ab and total IgG (POC); 12-week proptosis response (randomized trial).

Results

The randomized trial was terminated because of an unanticipated increase in serum cholesterol; therefore, data from 65 of the planned 77 patients were analyzed. Both trials showed marked decreases in pathogenic anti-TSH-R-Ab and total IgG serum levels (P < .001) with batoclimab. In the randomized trial, there was no statistically significant difference with batoclimab vs placebo in proptosis response at 12 weeks, although significant differences were observed at several earlier timepoints. In addition, orbital muscle volume decreased (P < .03) at 12 weeks, whereas quality of life (appearance subscale) improved (P < .03) at 19 weeks in the 680-mg group. Batoclimab was generally well tolerated, with albumin reductions and increases in lipids that reversed upon discontinuation.

Conclusions

These results provide insight into the efficacy and safety of batoclimab and support its further investigation as a potential therapy for TED.
Development of Spinal Enthesopathies in Adults With X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Herrou Julia , Fechtenbaum Jacques , Rothenbuhler Anya , Kamenický Peter , Roux Christian , Linglart Agnès , Briot Karine
Published: June 2023

Context

Musculoskeletal complications are the main manifestations in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Enthesopathy significantly impairs quality of life.

Objective

To identify the risk factors associated with the development and progression of spinal enthesopathies in adults with XLH.

Design and setting

We conducted a retrospective study in the French Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism.

Patients

Adults XLH patients with 2 EOS® imaging performed at least 2 years apart at the same center between June 2011 and March 2022. The progression of enthesopathies was defined as a new enthesopathy at least 1 intervertebral level in patients with or without presence of enthesopathy at baseline.

Main outcome measures

Demographic, treatment, PHEX mutation with the progression of enthesopathies.

Results

Fifty-one patients (66.7% of women, mean age 42.1 ± 13.4 years) underwent 2 EOS imaging with an average interval of 5.7 (± 2.31) years.

Progression of spinal enthesopathies was observed in 27 (52.9%) patients. In univariate analysis, patients with a progression of spinal enthesopathies were significantly older (P < .0005), were significantly older at treatment initiation (P = .02), presented with dental complications (P = .03), received less frequently treatment during childhood with phosphate and/or vitamin D analogs (P = .06), and presented more frequently with hip osteoarthritis (P = .002) at baseline. In multivariate analysis, none of these factors was associated with a progression of spinal enthesopathies.

Conclusion

This study confirms the high proportion of patients with a progression of spinal enthesopathies. Age seems to be the main factor associated with progression.
Mutations in cdon and boc affect trunk neural crest cell migration and slow-twitch muscle development in zebrafish
Authors: Lencer Ezra , Rains Addison , Binne Erin , Prekeris Rytis , Artinger Kristin B.
Published: June 2023

The transmembrane proteins cdon and boc are implicated in regulating hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development. Recent work showing roles for these genes in axon guidance and neural crest cell migration suggest that cdon and boc may play additional functions in regulating directed cell movements. We use newly generated and existing mutants to investigate a role for cdon and boc in zebrafish neural crest cell migration. We find that single mutant embryos exhibit normal neural crest phenotypes, but that neural crest migration is strikingly disrupted in double cdon;boc mutant embryos. We further show that this migration phenotype is associated with defects in the differentiation of slow-twitch muscle cells, and the loss of a Col1a1a-containing extracellular matrix, suggesting that neural crest defects may be a secondary consequence to defects in mesoderm development. Combined, our data add to a growing literature showing that cdon and boc act synergistically to promote hedgehog signaling during vertebrate development, and suggest that the zebrafish can be used to study the function of hedgehog receptor paralogs.
The phosphatase Glc7 controls the eisosomal response to starvation via post-translational modification of Pil1
Authors: Paine Katherine M. , Laidlaw Kamilla M. E. , Evans Gareth J. O. , MacDonald Chris
Published: June 2023

The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) plasma membrane (PM) is organised into specific subdomains that regulate surface membrane proteins. Surface transporters actively uptake nutrients in particular regions of the PM where they are also susceptible to substrate-induced endocytosis. However, transporters also diffuse into distinct subdomains termed eisosomes, where they are protected from endocytosis. Although most nutrient transporter populations are downregulated in the vacuole following glucose starvation, a small pool is retained in eisosomes to provide efficient recovery from starvation. We find the core eisosome subunit Pil1, a Bin, Amphiphysin and Rvs (BAR) domain protein required for eisosome biogenesis, is phosphorylated primarily by the kinase Pkh2. In response to acute glucose starvation, Pil1 is rapidly dephosphorylated. Enzyme localisation and activity screens suggest that the phosphatase Glc7 is the primary enzyme responsible for Pil1 dephosphorylation. Defects in Pil1 phosphorylation, achieved by depletion of GLC7 or expression of phospho-ablative or phospho-mimetic mutants, correlate with reduced retention of transporters in eisosomes and inefficient starvation recovery. We propose that precise post-translational control of Pil1 modulates nutrient transporter retention within eisosomes, depending on extracellular nutrient levels, to maximise recovery following starvation.
Variation in oxidative status, but not structural and physiological development, associated with changing ontogenetic environments
Authors: Allen Joshua M. , Hodinka Brett L. , Barbera Raven A. , Desjardin Genavieve C. , Williams Tony D.
Published: June 2023

Despite the potential for temporally dependent relationships between trait values and fitness (e.g. as juveniles approach life-stage transitions such as fledging), how developmental stage affects canalization (a measure of robustness to environmental variation) of morphological and physiological traits is rarely considered. To test the sensitivity of morphological and physiological traits to environmental variation in two developmental stages, we manipulated brood size at hatch in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and cross-fostered chicks between enlarged and reduced broods approaching fledging. We measured body size (mass, tarsus, wing length) and physiological state (aerobic capacity, oxidative status) at asymptotic mass on day 15, then cross-fostered chicks between ‘high’ and ‘low’ quality environments and assessed the same traits again on day 20, after 5 days of pre-fledging mass recession. Chicks in reduced broods were heavier at asymptotic mass and had lower reactive oxygen metabolites than enlarged broods, whereas structural size, aerobic capacity and antioxidant capacity were unaffected by experimental brood size. The observed canalization of structural and physiological traits during early development was maintained after cross-fostering, during late development. However, in contrast to early development, antioxidant capacity approaching fledging appeared sensitive to environmental conditions, as trajectories varied by cross-fostering treatment. Elevated reactive oxygen metabolites observed after early development in enlarged brood chicks were maintained after cross-fostering, suggesting that canalized development in low-quality environments could produce oxidative costs that carry over between life stages, even when conditions improve. These data reveal trait-specific relationships between environmental conditions and development, and highlight how natal environment effects may vary by developmental stage.
Human Capital Accumulation at Work: Estimates for the World and Implications for Development
Authors: Jedwab Remi , Romer Paul , Islam Asif M. , Samaniego Roberto
Published: June 2023

We (i) study wage-experience profiles and obtain measures of returns to potential work experience using data from about 24 million individuals in 1,084 surveys and census samples across 145 countries; (ii) show that workers in developed countries accumulate twice as much human capital at work as those in developing countries; (iii) use a simple accounting framework to find that the contribution of work experience and education to human capital accumulation and economic development might be equally important; and (iv) employ panel regressions to investigate how changes in the returns over time correlate with several factors such as economic recessions, transitions, and human capital stocks. (JEL D12, I25, I26, J24, J31, O15)
Macroeconomic Implications of Uniform Pricing
Authors: Daruich Diego , Kozlowski Julian
Published: June 2023

We compile a new database of grocery prices in Argentina. We find uniform pricing both within and across regions—i.e., prices almost do not vary within the stores of a chain. In line with uniform pricing, prices in stores of chains operating in one region react to changes in regional employment while prices in multiregion chains do not. Using a quantitative regional model with multiregion firms and uniform pricing, we find a one-half smaller elasticity of prices to a regional than an aggregate shock. This result highlights that some caution may be necessary when using regional shocks to estimate aggregate elasticities. (JEL D22, L11, L81, O14, O18, R32)
Ethical and regulatory challenges amid artificial intelligence development: an outline of the issue
Authors: Owczarczuk Magdalena
Published: June 2023

Motivation: The Fourth Industrial Revolution brings with it numerous challenges for society, business and government. Its nature and pace is dictated by the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The acquisition, collection, analysis, processing and informed use of data, as well as the continued development of artificial intelligence algorithms, are becoming the basis for the development of modern economies. However, its implementation is associated with a number of opportunities as well as threats. The way and extent to which artificial intelligence-based technologies are used requires constant attention, the basis of which is an appropriate regulatory system.Aim: The purpose of the paper is indicating and discussing selected challenges facing people and institutions responsible for creating regulations regarding the use and implementation of artificial intelligence. The regulators should , therefore, find a proper balance between innovation and credibility.Results: The analysis of the available literature allows to indicate at least 3 important challenges facing regulators: these are providing a precise definition of AI, ethical threats and competition in terms of creating suitable regulations regarding AI. The European Union has developed regulations on artificial intelligence with respect for freedom and human rights. This is a different approach from other regions of the world, including regulations established in the US or China.
Znaczenie diagnozy Opiniodawczych Zespołów Sądowych Specjalistów w sprawach nieletnich uzależnionych od internetu i gier komputerowych oraz ujawniających cechy nieprzystosowania społecznego
Authors: Wawryk Lidia
Published: June 2023

W artykule podjęto analizy dotyczące znaczenia diagnozy Opiniodawczych Zespołów Sądowych Specjalistów (OZSS) wobec nieletnich uzależnionych od internetu oraz gier komputerowych i ujawniających cechy nieprzystosowania społecznego. Celem artykułu jest ocena znaczenia diagnozy dokonywanej w OZSS w przypadku nieletnich ujawniających takie symptomy. Badania oparto na metodzie indywidualnych przypadków – do analizy wybrano dwie opinie spośród nielicznych w tej tematyce. Zastosowano technikę analizy dokumentów – opinii OZSS. Głównym problemem było rozpoznanie roli OZSS w dokonywaniu diagnozy i projektowaniu oddziaływań wobec nieletnich z przejawami demoralizacji i nakładającego się uzależnienia od internetu i gier komputerowych. Dokonane analizy pozwoliły rozpoznać przyczyny nieprawidłowego zachowania nieletnich, wychwycić mechanizmy zaburzeń oraz dobrać wobec nich adekwatne środki.
Model uzależnienia w rozumieniu filozofii grup samopomocowych a terapia poznawczo-behawioralna w leczeniu napadowego objadania się
Authors: Opora Robert
Published: June 2023

Uzależnienia mogą się pojawiać w obszarze wielu ludzkich zachowań, które należą do normalnego, a nawet podstawowego dla życia sposobu postępowania. Mechanizmy typowe dla uzależnienia mogą być dostrzegane również w innych zaburzeniach wskazanych w DSM-5. Jednym z nich jest napadowe objadanie się.
W artykule wskazano na podobieństwa między objawami napadowego objadania się a uzależnieniem od środków psychoaktywnych. Przyjęto tradycyjne rozumienie uzależnienia nawiązujące do filozofii grup samopomocowych oraz koncepcji strategiczno-strukturalnej. Najpierw omówione zostały różnice między tymi zaburzeniami. Następnie przedstawiono różnice między przyjętym „tradycyjnym modelem uzależnienia” a terapią poznawczo-behawioralną w leczeniu napadowego objadania się. Odwołano się również do badań nad mechanizmami leżącymi u podłoża dyskutowanych zaburzeń. W dalszej kolejności na podstawie opisanych różnic zostały przedstawione implikacje do terapii osób z napadowym objadaniem się. Różnice te przede wszystkim dotyczyły aspektów poznawczych, afektywnych i behawioralnych.
Na potrzeby realizacji celu sformułowanego w artykule posłużono się kryteriami diagnostycznymi zaburzenia z napadami objadania się oraz kryteriami diagnostycznymi zaburzeń związanymi z używaniem alkoholu przedstawione w Diagnostycz­nym i Statystycznym Podręczniku Zaburzeń Psychicznych DSM-5. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę literatury z zakresu poruszanych zagadnień. Zebrane informację uzupełniono o obserwacje pochodzące z własnej praktyki klinicznej.
Wiedza kadry pedagogicznej młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych w zakresie uzależnień nieletnich
Authors: Zięciak Monika
Published: June 2023

Głównym celem badań było rozpoznanie wiedzy kadry pedagogicznej młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych (MOW) na temat uzależnień nieletnich od substancji oraz uzależnień behawioralnych, jak i sposobów reagowania przez nich na doświadczane przejawy uzależnień. Badania przeprowadzono w strategii jakościowej. Dane zebrano za pomocą wywiadów pogłębionych przeprowadzonych z 17 pracownikami z trzech losowo wybranych młodzieżowych ośrodków wychowawczych (jeden dla dziewcząt i dwa dla chłopców).
Zebrane dane wskazują, że kadra pedagogiczna posiada niewystarczającą wiedzę wymaganą do pracy z uzależnionymi nieletnimi. Pomimo posiadanych możliwości, nie diagnozuje uzależnień i nie organizuje działań wspierających młodzież w radzeniu sobie z tym problemem. Wynika to z braku kompetencji, przekonania, że ww. zadania nie należą do obowiązków badanej kadry, a także z postrzegania tych czynności jako nieskutecznych i niewystarczających.
Dlatego zaleca się, aby kadra pedagogiczna MOW rozwijała swoją wiedzę i umiejętności poprzez: uczestniczenie w certyfikacyjnych kursach, szkoleniach, warsztatach dotyczących uzależnień od substancji i uzależnień behawioralnych, posługiwanie się podstawowymi technikami diagnozy, przestrzeganie zasad udzielania pomocy w trakcie interwencji kryzysowej, posługiwanie się metodami dialogu motywującego, studiowanie literatury oraz konsultowanie i superwizowanie przypadków ze specjalistami.
Clean up Your Theory! Invest in Theoretical Clarity and Consistency for Higher-Impact Research
Authors: von Nordenflycht Andrew
Published: June 2023

This essay starts from a concern that many empirical researchers undermine their rigorous empirical work by coupling it to unclear and inconsistent theory. I suggest this is because we underestimate the difficulty of achieving theoretical clarity and consistency. I illustrate the problem in detail by cataloging common ways we violate clarity and consistency in the articulation of theoretical constructs and relationships and illustrating these violations with examples from unpublished manuscripts. In addition, I draw on the management literature on theory writing as well as on the dual-process theory of cognition and the philosophy of science to identify and unpack three challenges to clear and consistent theory: the taxing cognitive effort required to turn ambiguous, associative intuition into logical arguments; the impossibility of achieving perfect clarity; and the existence of trade-offs between clarity and other valued qualities of theory, particularly generalizability. The implication is that researchers need to invest not just in empirical rigor but also, in theoretical rigor.

Funding: The author’s research is supported in part by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Providing an annual health review for older people living in a care setting
Authors: Ashurst Adrian M
Published: June 2023

Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of providing older people with an annual health review.
Skeletal discrepancies. Part 2: assessment, aetiology and management of high angle cases
Authors: Durman Kyle , Batsford Hannah , Haworth Jennifer A , Fowler Peter , Ireland Anthony J
Published: June 2023

This is the second article in a three-part series considering skeletal discrepancies in the vertical and transverse dimensions. Discrepancies in the vertical dimension are a relatively common finding, presenting challenges for the orthodontist in terms of treatment planning, management and relapse.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to increase awareness of the aetiology and management of patients presenting with increased Frankfort/maxillary mandibular planes angle and anterior lower face height, commonly described as ‘high angle’.
The political agenda in the participation of college students in the Spanish State Council of University Students
Authors: Parejo Llanos José-Luis , Maestu-Fonseca Enrique
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION. During the last decade, the student movement in Spanish universities has evolved from an associative and assembly-participatory based model to a system of student councils as representative bodies with a strong influence on university governance. In addition, the State Council of University Students (CEUNE) was created so student interests could be directly promoted and mediated with the government. As the highest representative student body at the national level, it has enabled its members to pursue a political agenda throughout the last decade. METHOD. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the contexts in which student university policies have developed in order to describe and analyse the evolution of the debates, agreements and disagreements that have emerged within this Council. Through discourse analysis, we triangulate information from CEUNE meeting minutes, student manifestos, media coverage and interviews with key informants. RESULTS. We discuss the role of CEUNE in influencing university policy through classic issues (scholarships and public prices) and its capacity to introduce new issues to the agenda. DISCUSSION. Lastly, we analyse whether different administrations have planned their activities in cooperation with student representatives.
‘Senden Daha İyisi Olmayacak : Cerrahlıkta Teknoloji, Beceri ve Uzmanlaşma
Authors: BAŞKAVAK Gülşah
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışma, sosyolojik bir perspektiften Türkiye’de cerrahlık mesleğinin teknolojik gelişme karşısında farklılaşan beceri, vasıf ve uzmanlaşma dinamiklerinin bedenin bütünlüğüne yönelik yaklaşımlarını nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Cerrahi teknolojilerin içeriği ve yoğunluğu cerrahların tanı, tedavi ve ameliyat yaklaşımlarında büyük ölçüde etkili olmaktadır. Cerrahide mikro alanlara ve spesifik organlara odaklanma gereğinin gündeme gelmesi cerrahları teknik becerilerini sürekli arttırmak zorunda bırakırken, yan dal (üst) uzmanlıkların artışını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Cerrahi branşlarda ve sağlık endüstrisindeki teknolojik gelişmelerin yanı sıra, hastaların tercihlerindeki değişikliklerin dayattığı zorunluluklar, cerrahlık mesleğinde teknoloji kullanımı, beceri, vasıf ve üst uzmanlaşmayı nasıl etkilemektedir? Bu çalışmada bu soru İstanbul’da aktif olarak kamu ve özel hastanelerde çalışan, farklı branşlardan cerrahlarla yürütülen derinlemesine mülakatlara ve kliniklerde, hastane koridorlarında ve ameliyathanedeki etnografik gözlemlerle elde edilen veriler aracılığıyla yanıtlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın başlıca bulguları, cerrahların gittikçe yan dal uzmanlıklara doğru yönelimlerinin arttığı, kendilerine “en iyi” konumu sağlayacak ve kendilerini mesleklerinde “en iyi” kılacak cerrahi becerinin bedenin bir organında ve küçük bir alanında uzmanlaşma olduğu yönündedir. Teknolojik gelişmenin çoğu meslekte vasıfsızlaşmaya yol açmasına rağmen, diğer mesleklerin aksine cerrahlar bu süreçte vasıfsızlaşma veya özerklik kaybı yaşamamaktadır.
Malta ya Kaçırılan Osmanlı Gemisi Bağlamında Osmanlı-Fransız İlişkileri
Authors: TOPAL DOĞAN Kadriye
Published: June 2023

19 Eylül 1760’ta Osmanlı Donanması’na ait bir amiral gemisi İstanköy Adası’ndan Malta’ya kaçırılmıştır. Olay, İngiltere hükümeti adına korsanlık yapan Constantin Calamate’nin esir olarak tutulan mürettebatı ve kölelerin ortaklaşa hareketiyle gerçekleşmiştir. Sonrasında geminin geri getirilmesi ile ilgili sorumluluk Fransa hükümetine verilmiştir. Fransa’nın İstanbul Elçisi Charles Gravier de Vergennes bu doğrultuda bir seneden uzun bir süre girişimlerde bulunmuş ve Fransa’nın Osmanlı nezdindeki imtiyazlarını kaybetmemek adına her iki devletin çıkarlarını da gözeterek hareket etmiştir. Konu ile ilgili görüşme talepleri Babıali tarafından defaatle reddedilmesine ve bu nedenle kendi hükümeti tarafından eleştirilmesine rağmen meseleyi çözüme kavuşturmak için çalışmaya devam etmiştir. Neticede gemi Fransa tarafından satın alınarak 17 Ocak 1762 tarihinde İstanbul’a getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı geminin kaçırıl¬masından geri getirilişine kadar olan süreci ve yapılan görüşmeleri, bu olayın Osmanlı-Fransız ilişkilerine yansımalarını Vergennes’in Fransa hükümeti ile yaptığı yazışmalar, Babıali’nin konuyla ilgili verdiği takrirler ve dönemin İngiliz elçisi James Porter’ın raporları ışığında incelemektir.
Bir “Ara Çevre” Olarak Yayla Evi: Antalya Gazipaşa Bağlamı
Authors: YILMAZ ERKOVAN Nisa , ÖZGENEL Lale
Published: June 2023

İklimsel zorluklar, afet ve topografya gibi olumsuz fiziksel koşullar nedeniyle bir çevrede bir yapı yaparak elde edilen özelleşmiş korunaklı mekân/mekânların daha uygun fiziksel çevrelere taşınması veya yeni bir çevrede yeni bir mekânsal üretim gerçekleşmesi, bir başka deyişle bir “göç” ve “yer değiştirme” söz konusu olabilir. Bu tür bir göç aynı zamanda kültürel bir olgu olarak gelişebilir ve iki değişik bağlam arasında, düzenli veya düzensiz bir zamanlama döngüsünde, bir yer değiştirmeyi de kapsayabilir. Anadolu coğrafyasında iklimin seyri bu tür mekânsal yer değiştirmeleri gerekli kılacak ölçüde değişkendir; zorlayıcı koşullar kentsel ve kırsal bağlam arasında geçirgen bir yaşam sürekliliği getirir. Döngüsel göçün Anadolu’daki mekânsal karşılıklarından bir tanesi “yayla evi” dir. Yılın belirli bir döneminde kullanılan yayla evi doğal çevrenin bir bileşenidir ve bu çevreye ait yapı malzemelerinin kullanılmasıyla iç ve dış çevre arasında gerçekleştirilen bir uyumu temsil eder. Yayla evleri, geleneksel ve kırsal mimarlık kültüründe olduğu gibi beden ve hareketlerinin yapıma ölçek olarak kılavuzluk ettiği strüktürlerdir. Bu çalışma yayla evlerini, doğal çevre-bağlam, mekân ve bedenin karşılıklı etkileşimi çerçevesinde ele almakta, “mekânsal strüktür”, “ara çevre” ve “yer” kavramları üzerinden anlamlandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yayla evinin, yapısal eylemin çevresel boşluğu mekânsal bir strüktüre dönüştürerek yarattığı bir ara çevre olduğunu Antalya’nın Gazipaşa ilçesindeki örnekler kapsamında tartışmaktadır. Araştırma, Gazipaşa’nın Belbaşı, Maha, Çayıryakası, Buzvadi Yaylası, Yunt, Cimbiti ve Örüceoluk yaylalarında 2021-2002 yıllarında yapılan arazi çalışmasını esas almaktadır
Generation Z’s and Millennials’ Perception of Masculinity in Advertising: a Challenge for Advertisers
Authors: Kreicbergs Toms , Ščeulovs Deniss
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the article: To explore Genneration Z’s and millennials’ perceptions of masculinity in advertising and determine which type of masculinity and which masculinity characteristics consumers favour in a masculine character or the advertising message centred around masculinity. This can help advertisers to understand what type of masculine character to focus on and whether advertisers’ offered version of masculinity is in alignment with consumer preferences.Methodology/methods: Methods included qualitative video content analysis of advertisements centred around masculinity and quantitative research methods such as survey research and A/B testing of younger consumer segments such as Generation Z and millennials. The empirical results were analysed using the SPSS 23 statistical software.Scientific aim: To see whether social construction and social identity theory can help advertisers and researchers understand consumers’ ever-changing perceptions of masculinity. In addition, the research aims to test the essence of congruity theory suggesting that consumers prefer content (advertisement) that aligns with individuals’ preconceived notions.Findings: The survey results showed that Latvian Generation Z and millennial men and women are evenly split on whether they like or dislike how masculinity is depicted in advertising. From people who say that they do not like the way masculinity is depicted in advertising, 49.7% of them say that depictions of masculinity in advertising affect their buying decisions. A/B test results showed that consumers give preference to competitiveness as a traditionally masculine characteristic, while heavily preferring the display of affection and love and depicting masculinity less stereotypically in modern masculinity advertisements.Conclusions: Advertisers mainly focus on traditional masculinity as it is the most common masculinity type used in popular advertising in the last decade. On the other hand, consumers tend to approve of modern masculinity in advertising, with women approving of modern masculinity in far more convincing numbers than men. There is a statistically significant difference in men’s and women’s preferences when it comes to depictions of masculinity in advertising.
Looking at the production chains from the uneven and combined development perspective: the Egyptian Qualified Industrial Zones Agreement
Authors: Tastekin Ulas
Published: June 2023

In the neoliberal era, the export-oriented industrialisation strategy has been promoted for its potential to transform the industry into an engine of growth for the rest of the economy. For this purpose, all developing economies are encouraged to join supply chains in order to upgrade their position in the hierarchical division of labour in the world economy. On the other hand, this has always been a thorny issue for the Southern economies. This paper investigates the Qualified Industrial Zones (QIZs) Agreement concluded between Egypt, Israel and the United States in 2004, critically analysing the outputs of the export-oriented industrialisation model. In its analysis, the study relies on dialogues between the production chain literature and the uneven and combined development perspective. In this context, it claims that the factors endogenous to global capitalism, like low wages and massive labour reserves, play an important role in determining Egypt’s role in the Agreement. Likewise, participating in production chains does have a further polarising effect on global inequalities. Accordingly, the Agreement charges Egypt in line with its position in the global economy, and the Egyptian textile industry articulates to the world market as a source of cheap labour.
A retrospective view of the relationship of soluble Fas with anemia and outcomes in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Andrade Jessica Felício , Dalboni Maria A. , Clemente Otavio Candido , Silva Beatriz Moreira , Domingues Barbara Formaggio , Rodrigues Adelson Marcal , Canziani Maria Eugenia , Zarjou Abolfazl , Cendoroglo Miguel , Goes Miguel Angelo
Published: June 2023

Background

Anemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with outcomes. In addition, serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels are related to anemia and erythropoietin (EPO) resistance.

Objectives

Firstly, to compare clinical data and serum levels of sFas, EPO, and pro-inflammatory markers between patients with non-dialytic CKD (NDD-CKD) and healthy subjects. Subsequently, to compare and evaluate the relationship of serum EPO, sFas levels with anemia, and outcomes in patients with NDD-CKD over a long follow-up period.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study in 58 NDD-CKD patients compared with 20 healthy subjects on complete blood count, kidney function, serum EPO, sFas, and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL- 6, and IFN-γ) at baseline. We then compared the same baseline data between patients with NDD-CKD who evolved to anemia and those who did not have anemia over the follow-up. We also evaluated the frequency of outcomes in patients with CKD with higher sFas levels. Finally, we performed a multivariate analysis of factors associated with CKD anemia.

Results

There were lower eGFR and Hb but higher serum inflammatory markers, sFas levels, sFas/eGFR, and EPO/Hb ratios in patients with NDD-CKD. Comparatively, on the other hand, NDD-CKD patients with anemia had lower eGFR but were older, had more diabetes, and had higher sFas/ eGFR, EPO/Hb ratios, and serum levels of IL-6 and sFas than NDD-CKD without anemia for an extended period. In addition, there was an association in a multivariate analysis of diabetes, age, and sFas levels with kidney anemia. Furthermore, there were higher frequencies of outcomes in increased serum sFas levels.

Conclusion

As an elective risk factor, serum sFas levels, in addition to age and diabetes, were independently associated with kidney anemia for an extended period. Thus, more studies are necessary to analyze the proper relationship of sFas with kidney anemia and its outcomes and therapy in CKD.
Behavioral, electrocorticographic and electrocardiologic changes in Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) in the effect of cunaniol
Authors: Hamoy Akira Otake , Fonseca Suzane Maia da , Cei Giovanna Lourenço , Júnior Fábio Leite do Amaral , Hamoy Maria Klara Otake , Ribeiro Rafaela Marques , Barbas Luis Andre Luz , Muto Nilton , Hamoy Moisés
Published: June 2023

The Clibadium spp. is a shrub of occurrence in the Amazon, popularly known as Cunambi. The compounds in the leaves demonstrate ichthyotoxic properties, and its major substance, cunaniol, is a powerful central nervous system stimulant with proconvulsant activity. Few current studies relate behavioral changes to the electrophysiological profile of fish poisoning. This study aimed to describe the behavioral, electromyographic, electroencephalographic, electrocardiographic, and seizure control characteristics of anticonvulsant drugs in Colossoma macropomum submitted to cunaniol intoxication during bathing containing 0.3 μg/L cunaniol. The behavioral test showed rapid evolution presenting excitability and spasms, which were confirmed by the analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), and changes in cardiac function detected in the ECG. Cunaniol-induced excitability control was evaluated using three anticonvulsant agents: Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, and Diazepam. While phenytoin was not effective in seizure control, diazepam proved to be the most efficient. These results demonstrate the susceptibility of Colossoma macropomum to cunaniol poisoning, given that the central nervous system and electrocardiographic changes were considered severe.
Positive youth development attributes and cyberbullying victimization among Chinese middle school students: A longitudinal moderated mediation model involving internet gaming disorder and depression
Authors: Gan Xiong , Wang Pinyi , Xiang Guoxing , Jin Xin
Published: June 2023

As an extension of traditional bullying, cyberbullying emerges with the increasing popularity of the internet, and seriously affects the health of students. However, fewer studies have explored the potential influencing mechanisms of cyberbullying victimization from a positive psychology perspective. Therefore, based on the positive youth development theory, this study will explore the potential mediator and moderator in the relationship between positive youth development (PYD) attributes and cyberbullying victimization through a longitudinal design. 719 students (Mage = 15.95 years, SD = 0.76, 45.2% boy) participated in the study and completed self-report questionnaires on relevant variables. The result found that students’ level of PYD significantly and negatively predicted the level of cyberbullying victimization. Meanwhile, SEM analysis showed that PYD influenced individuals’ cyberbullying victimization by affecting their internet gaming disorder (IGD), while depression levels moderated the relationship between PYD and IGD. This study examines cyberbullying victimization from a positive psychology orientation, with potential prevention and intervention value.
Biomarkers of immunothrombosis and polymorphisms of IL2, IL6, and IL10 genes as predictors of the severity of COVID-19 in a Kazakh population
Authors: Yessenbayeva Assiya , Apsalikov Bakytbek , Massabayeva Meruyert , Kazymov Maksut , Shakhanova Aizhan , Mussazhanova Zhanna , Kadyrova Irina , Aukenov Nurlan , Shaimardanov Nurlan
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To study the role of biological markers of immunothrombosis and polymorphisms of cytokine genesIL2,IL6,IL10and their influence on the severity of COVID-19 in a Kazakh population.

Methods

A total of 301 patients of Kazakh nationality with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 participated in the retrospective study, including 142 patients with severe and 159 with a mild course. Single nucleotide polymorphismsIL2Rrs1801274,IL6rs2069840, andIL10rs1800872 were genotyped by real-time PCR. Activated partial thromboplastin time, normalized ratio, prothrombin index, prothrombin time, fibrinogen prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein analysis were also conducted.

Results

The average age of patients with severe COVID-19 is higher than of patients with mild COVID-19 (p= 0.03). The findings showed that fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein were significantly greater in the group of patients with severe COVID-19 (p= 0.0001). A very strong correlation between the severity of COVID-19 with the D-dimer and C-reactive protein (p= 0.9) (p= 0.02) was found.

Conclusion

The results of our study confirm that D-dimer, fibrinogen, and CRP are biomarkers of inflammation and hypercoagulation that serve as predictors of immunothrombosis affecting the severity of COVID-19. D-dimer is also associated withIL10rs1800872 gene polymorphism in the Kazakh population with severe COVID-19.
Disease course of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: Data from a long-term retrospective observational cohort
Authors: Kwon Oh Chan , Kim Yong-Gil , Park Min-Chan
Published: June 2023

Background

Disease course of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has been extensively studied in non-Asian population; however, there are limited data in Asian population. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term disease course of non-radiographic axSpA in Asian patients and identify factors associated with progression to radiographic axSpA.

Methods

In this retrospective observational cohort study, 56 Korean patients newly diagnosed with non-radiographic axSpA between 2006 and 2015 were included. All patients fulfilled the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axSpA, and did not fulfil the radiological criterion of the 1984 modified New York criteria. Disease course was assessed by the rate of progression to radiographic axSpA. Factors associated with the risk of progression to radiographic axSpA were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.

Results

The mean age at baseline was 31.4±13.3 years, and 37 (66.1%) patients were men. Over a mean observation period of 8.4±3.7 years, 28 (50.0%) patients progressed to radiographic axSpA. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the presence of syndesmophytes at diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 4.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54–13.15, p = 0.006) and active sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at diagnosis (adjusted HR: 5.88, 95% CI: 2.05–16.82, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher risk of progression to radiographic axSpA, whereas longer exposure to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) was significantly associated with a lower risk of progression to radiographic axSpA (adjusted HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98, p = 0.022).

Conclusion

During long-term follow-up, a substantial proportion of Asian patients with non-radiographic axSpA progressed to radiographic axSpA. The presence of syndesmophytes and active sacroiliitis on MRI at the time of non-radiographic axSpA diagnosis were associated with a higher risk of progression to radiographic axSpA, while longer exposure to TNFis was associated with a lower risk of progression to radiographic axSpA.