bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of prognostic nomograms for predicting the progression free survival of EGFR‐sensitizing mutation, advanced lung cancer patients treated with EGFR‐TKIs
Authors: Du Xinyang , Bai Hua , Wang Zhijie , Daun Jianchun , Liu Zheng , Xu Jiachen , Chang Geyun , Zhu Yixiang , Wang Jie
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a lack of clinically available predictive models for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive, advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods

The clinical data of patients at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively retrieved as training set. The patients from BENEFIT trial were for the validation cohort. The nomogram was built based on independent predictors identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated by C‐index and calibration plots.

Results

A total of 502 patients with complete clinical data and follow‐up information were enrolled in this study. Five independent prognostic factors, including The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status scale (ECOG PS), EGFR mutation subtype, EGFR co‐mutation, liver metastasis and malignant pleural effusion (p < 0.05). The C‐indexes of the nomogram were 0.694 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.663–0.725) for the training set and 0.653 (95% CI, 0.610–0.696) for the validation set. The calibration curves for the probabilities of 9‐, 12‐ and 18‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) revealed satisfactory consistency in both the internal and external validations. Additionally, the patients were divided into two groups according to risk (high‐risk, low‐risk), and significant differences in PFS were observed between the groups in the training and external validation cohorts (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

We constructed and validated a convenient nomogram that have the potential to become an accurate and reliable tool for patients with EGFR mutation positive, advanced NSCLC to individually predict their potential benefits from EGFR‐TKIs, and facilitate clinical decision‐making.
Monitoring sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) populations using camera traps
Authors: Brownlee Megan B. , Warbington Camille H. , Boyce Mark S.
Published: March 2022

Population densities are an important consideration for wildlife management. For hunted species, estimates of population size are essential for establishing quotas. There are limited data regarding sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) abundance, and few studies have used camera traps for estimating population densities. We estimated sitatunga density in the Mayanja River area of central Uganda using the time in front of the camera (TIFC) method, which yields population density estimates using camera‐trap data without having to identify each individual. Density estimates from the TIFC method averaged 11.1 sitatunga/km2, similar to estimates from a spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) study, which requires perfect identification of individuals. These results suggest that TIFC methods accurately estimate population densities and might be an alternative for species where individual identity cannot be determined, or in habitats where typically identifiable species might not be accurately identified to meet the requirements of SECR. In addition, the resulting density estimates can influence management decisions and quotas for hunting.
Comparison between application of platelet rich plasma and mucosal advancement flap in patients with high transsphincteric anal fistulas: a randomized control trial
Authors: Hermann Jacek , Cwaliński Jarosław , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Kołodziejczak Barbara
Published: March 2022

Background

There is still a search for a standard method of therapy for high anal fistulas. The aim of this trial was a comparison between a modified two stage minimally invasive procedure, consisting of loose‐seton placement with the subsequent application of platelet rich plasma with mucosal advancement flap for the treatment of high transsphincteric anal fistulas of crypto‐glandular origin.

Methods

The study was designed as a prospective, randomized trial including 96 patients. Curettage of fistulous tracts, and loose‐seton placement was performed in those patients with active inflammation, and if the diameter of a fistulous tract exceeded 3 mm. Afterwards, the patients were randomly assigned to either the PRP group or MAF group, consisting of 49 patients, and 47 patients, respectively.

Results

There was no significant statistical difference (p = 0.152) between both investigated groups of patients regarding closure of fistulas since it was achieved in 35 (71.43%) patients from group I, compared to 27 (57.45%) patients from group II. The diameter of fistulous tracts below 4 mm exerted a significant impact (p < 0.001) on the healing process after PRP application because fistulas with the narrow tracts were closed in 34 (87.18%) patients, whereas a wider fistula was healed in 1 (10%) patient.

Conclusion

The local application of PRP in high, unbranched, and with narrow tracts trans‐sphincteric anal fistulas of crypto‐glandular origin, following loose‐seton drainage is an effective, simple, and a safe method of therapy with a low rate of morbidity.
Analysis of adverse event of interstitial lung disease in men with prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Wu Bin , Shen Pengfei , Yin Xi , Yu Lei , Wu Fengbo , Chen Chen , Li Jian , Xu Ting
Published: March 2022

Aims

To investigate interstitial lung disease (ILD) in men with prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy.

Methods

We gathered cases diagnosed with prostate cancer based on the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from 2004 to 2020. We divided the included cases into 3 groups based on the primary suspected drugs: a hormone therapy group, a positive control group (taxanes), and a negative control group. We employed reporting odds ratio, a disproportionality method, to detect the association between ILD events and target drugs.

Results

We finally included a total of 85 403 cases, 69 894 cases (628 ILD event cases) in the hormone therapy group, 2302 cases (158 ILD event cases) in the positive control group and 13 207 cases (72 ILD event cases) in the negative control group. There were 394 ILD event cases (62.74%) in the hormone therapy group in Japan; 78.68% of the ILD events occurred within the first year after hormone treatment. Disproportionality analysis indicated that ILD events were significantly associated with nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, goserelin, degarelix and apalutamide; the reporting odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 32.14 (11.03–93.63), 9.93 (3.62–27.21), 8.19 (6.01–11.16), 3.74 (2.61–5.37), 2.41 (1.55–3.75) and 1.94 (1.01–3.75), respectively.

Conclusion

Based on this FAERS pharmacovigilance analysis, the association between ILD events and hormone therapy drugs, including bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, goserelin, degarelix and apalutamide, should not be ignored, especially in the Japanese population. Lung function of prostate cancer patients should be monitored when receiving the hormone therapy drugs mentioned above, especially for the first year post medication.
L'observation systématique des images de Google Street View pour mesurer l'environnement urbain à Gatineau et Ottawa
Authors: Charron Mathieu
Published: March 2022

Google Street View offre la possibilité collecter systématiquement de l'information sur l'environnement physique et social des rues comme espaces publics. Cet article utilise cette méthode de collecte de données pour mesurer diverses caractéristiques des rues d'Ottawa et de Gatineau, principalement la population ambiante et le désordre physique. La validité interne (entre les codeurs) et la validité externe (avec d'autres sources) des données collectées sont analysées. Les résultats montrent que cette méthode permet, malgré quelques limites, de collecter des informations pertinentes pour la quantification des milieux de vie, notamment les milieux exurbains, et que ces informations sont complémentaires aux sources de données existantes. Elles permettent entre autres d'affiner la mesure de la population ambiante (en comptabilisant piétons, cyclistes et voitures) et de faciliter celle du désordre physique (en évitant de dispendieux travaux de terrain).
IQSEC2‐related encephalopathy in males due to missense variants in the pleckstrin homology domain
Authors: Shoubridge Cheryl , Dudding‐Byth Tracy , Pasquier Laurent , Goel Himanshu , Yap Patrick , McConnell Vivienne
Published: March 2022

Pathogenic variants in IQ motif and SEC7 domain containing protein 2 (IQSEC2) gene cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, with intellectual disability as a uniform feature. We report five cases, each with a novel missense variant in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the IQSEC2 protein. Male patients all present with moderate to profound intellectual disability, significant delays or absent language and speech and variable seizures. We describe the phenotypic spectrum associated with missense variants in PH domain of IQSEC2, further delineating the genotype–phenotype correlation for this X‐linked gene.
Fibrin immobilization vestibular extension (FIVE): A case series
Authors: Zadeh Homayoun H. , Ghanaati Shahram , Valentini Pascal
Published: March 2022

Aims

The objective of the present case series is to report on the rationale, surgical technique and outcome of a protocol for peri‐implant mucosal phenotype modification therapy, referred to as “fibrin immobilization vestibular extension (FIVE)”.

Material and Methods

The protocol utilized entailed apical positioning and stabilization of peri‐implant flap with modular screws. The screws were also used for the immobilization of solid matrix platelet‐rich fibrin to fill the gap created between apically positioned flap and the crestal margin of the flap.

Results

A total of 30 patients (12 male, 18 females) with 93 implants were treated with FIVE protocol for various indications, including for vestibular extension following alveolar ridge augmentation (N = 6), preprosthetic (N = 9), postprosthetic (N = 2), and peri‐implantitis (N = 13). The keratinized mucosal width preoperatively was 1.67 mm with 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.46, 1.88). Immediately following FIVE surgery, the vestibule was extended to 9.10 with 95% CI (8.44, 9.76). At 3 months, 4.9 mm (95% CI: 4.5–5.2 mm) of peri‐implant keratinized mucosal width was present. The keratinized mucosal width remained relatively stable thereafter and was 4.0 mm (95% CI: 3.5–4.5 mm) at 3 years post‐FIVE surgery. When overall group means across all time points were analyzed, maxilla had mean of 6.1 mm (95% CI: 5.8–6.5) versus mandible exhibited mean of 5.1 mm (95% CI: 4.6–5.6 mm). The mean of maxilla was significantly higher than that of the mandible (p < 0.0001) across all time points. Treatment of peri‐implantitis with FIVE lead to significant pocket reduction and wide band of keratinized mucosa. Seven of 38 implants in 3 of 13 peri‐implantitis patients were removed due to advanced peri‐implantitis.

Discussion

The present case series provides proof‐of‐principle data for efficacy of FIVE for peri‐implant phenotype modification therapy that generated attached keratinized mucosa in a variety of applications. This protocol provides an alternative to procedures involving harvesting of autogenous mucosal graft.
Unraveling the evolutionary history of the snakefly family Inocelliidae (Insecta: Raphidioptera) through integrative phylogenetics
Authors: Shen Rongrong , Aspöck Horst , Aspöck Ulrike , Plant John , Dai Yuting , Liu Xingyue
Published: March 2022

Inocelliidae is one of the two extant families of the holometabolan order Raphidioptera (snakeflies), with the modern fauna represented by seven genera and 44 species. The evolutionary history of the family is little‐known. Here we present the first phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses based on a worldwide sampling of taxa and datasets combined with morphological characters and mitochondrial genomes, aiming to investigate the intergeneric phylogeny and historical biogeography of Inocelliidae. The phylogenetic inference from the combined analysis of morphological and molecular data recovered the sister‐group relationship between a clade of (Negha + Indianoinocellia) + Sininocellia and a clade of Fibla + the Inocellia clade (interiorly nested by Amurinocellia and Parainocellia). Amurinocellia stat.r. and Parainocellia stat.r. et emend.n. are relegated to subgeneric status within Inocellia, whereas a newly erected subgenus of Inocellia, Epinocellia subgen.n., accommodates the former Parainocellia burmana (U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1968) plus a new species Inocellia (Epinocellia) weii sp.n. Further, the Inocellia crassicornis group constitutes the nominotypical subgenus Inocellia stat.n., but the Inocellia fulvostigmata group is paraphyletic. Diversification within Inocelliidae is distinguished by an Eocene divergence leading to extant genera and a Miocene radiation of species. A biogeographical scenario depicts how the diverse inocelliid fauna from East Asia could have originated from western North America via dispersal across the Beringia during the early Tertiary, and how the Miocene ancestors of Inocellia could have accomplished long‐distance dispersals via the Tibet–Himalayan corridor or eastern Palaearctic to western Palaearctic. Our results shed new light specifically on the evolution of Inocelliidae and, in general, the Raphidioptera.
Small‐scale estimation of recreational fishing effort and catch from broad‐scale survey data: A case study using multiple‐use Marine Protected Areas in Western Australia
Authors: Smallwood Claire B. , Ryan Karina L.
Published: March 2022

Sustainability assessment and management evaluation of broad‐scale recreational fisheries are routinely informed using effort and catch data sourced from recurring offsite surveys. Similar information is often required for small‐scale recreational fisheries and other spatial management areas. Data from four state‐wide recreational fishing surveys in Western Australia were evaluated using grid‐ and location‐based direct estimation approaches to determine whether effort and total catch could be estimated robustly for small‐scale geographical areas. Marine protected areas (MPAs) were selected as case studies, and robustness of the various approaches was assessed based on acceptable sample size and uncertainty. Effort and total catch (number retained and released across all species) were robustly estimated for 19 MPAs. Total catch was also robustly estimated for 32 teleost species across multiple MPAs. Robust estimates were less likely for offshore MPAs than coastal MPAs, with lower sample sizes associated with greater distance from boat ramps and population centres. Grid‐based approaches were therefore generally more appropriate for offshore MPAs, while location‐based approaches were more appropriate for coastal MPAs. This study demonstrates how existing monitoring of broad‐scale recreational fisheries fulfils a need for similar data in small‐scale recreational fisheries, thereby allowing for the efficient use of resources that benefit fisheries management and conservation objectives.
Association between self‐reported dental fear and exposure to violence among adolescents—A population‐based study
Authors: Noirrit‐Esclassan Emmanuelle , Annerbäck Eva‐Maria , Cuhna Soares Fernanda , Dahllöf Göran , Kvist Therese
Published: March 2022

Background

The etiology of dental fear (DF) is multifactorial and involves other contributing factors than dental traumatic experiences.

Aim

To study, among adolescents, associations between DF and exposure to child physical abuse (CPA), intimate partner violence (IPV), and bullying.

Design

We extracted data from a population‐based survey of 4977 adolescents who were 15–17 years old in 2017. The questionnaire queried socioeconomic background factors, DF, self‐perceived oral health, general health, and exposure to child abuse. To estimate associations between DF and exposure to child abuse, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Overall, 8.2% reported DF, girls (10.5%) reported DF significantly more often than boys (5%), and adolescents not identifying themselves as girl or boy reported the highest prevalence of DF (25.5%; p < .001). 15.3% had been exposed to child physical abuse; 11.1%, to IPV; and 11.2%, to bullying. Experiences of IPV and bullying, but not physical abuse, were statistically significantly associated with DF. The odds of developing DF for adolescents exposed to any type of violence was 1.9 times the odds for adolescents with no exposure to child abuse.

Conclusion

Exposure to violence is associated with dental fear in adolescents.
Range shifts in butternut, a rare, endangered tree, in response to past climate and modern conditions
Authors: Schumacher Emily , Brown Alissa , Williams Martin , Romero‐Severson Jeanne , Beardmore Tannis , Hoban Sean
Published: March 2022

Aim

Range shifts are a key process that determine species distributions and genetic patterns. A previous investigation reported that Juglans cinerea (butternut) has lower genetic diversity at higher latitudes, hypothesized to be the result of range shifts following the last glacial period. However, genetic patterns can also be impacted by modern ecogeographical conditions. Therefore, we re‐investigate the genetic patterns of butternut with additional northern population sampling, hindcasted species distribution models and fossil pollen records to clarify the impact of glaciation on butternut.

Location

Eastern North America.

Taxon

Juglans cinerea (L., Juglandaceae) (butternut).

Methods

Using 11 microsatellites, we examined range‐wide spatial patterns of genetic diversity (allelic richness, heterozygosity, FST) for 1004 previously studied butternut individuals and an additional 757 samples. We constructed hindcast species distribution models and mapped fossil pollen records to evaluate habitat suitability and evidence of species' presence throughout space and time.

Results

Contrary to previous work on butternut, we found that genetic diversity increased with distance to range edge, and previously observed latitudinal clines in diversity were likely due to a few outlier populations. Populations in New Brunswick, Canada were genetically distinct from other populations. At the Last Glacial Maximum, pollen records demonstrate butternut likely persisted near the glacial margin, and hindcast species distribution models identified suitable habitat in the southern United States and near Nova Scotia.

Main conclusions

Genetic patterns in butternut may be shaped by both glaciation and modern environmental conditions. Pollen records and hindcast species distribution models combined with genetic distinctiveness in New Brunswick suggest that butternut may have persisted in cryptic northern refugia. We suggest that thorough sampling across a species range and evaluating multiple lines of evidence are essential to understanding past species movements.
Association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels in 8‐year‐old children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Sekine Tetsuo , Tsuchiya Kyoichiro , Uchinuma Hiroyuki , Horiuchi Sayaka , Kushima Megumi , Otawa Sanae , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Miyake Kunio , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Kojima Reiji , Shinohara Ryoji , Yamagata Zentaro ,   The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment, Children’s Study Group
Published: March 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy‐related complications; it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring, consistent with the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease. This cohort study of women without diabetes (n = 761), who were part of the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, aimed to explore the associations between maternal GDM and their offspring’s level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), a biomarker of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We analyzed the associations between GDM and the offspring’s hsCRP levels using a multiple logistic regression model. A mother with GDM significantly increased the risk for high hsCRP level by 4.07‐fold (≥2.0 mg/L) in the child. As such, maternal GDM was significantly associated with increased serum hsCRP levels in 8‐year‐old children.
Investigation of trapped charges profile for an irradiated insulated material
Authors: Mahdi Ali S. , Al‐Obaidi Hassan N. , Husien Huda K.
Published: March 2022

The process of examining and analysing insulating materials using a scanning electron microscope usually accompanied by an important phenomenon called the mirror effect or charging effects. Such effects arise due to the ability of insulators to trapping charges at the sample surface for a period. The accumulation of charges leads to creating an electric potential that may be strong enough to deflect incident electrons in the same way a convex mirror scatters light. The created potential depends mainly on the charge amount, charges accumulation profile and the way by which the charges arranging themselves. Present work aims at exploring the influences of the charges distribution profile and their arrangements.

In order to achieve such a goal, the sample‐surface potential has theoretically formulated to include various shapes of the accumulated charges. Thereafter, the correspondence expression of the mirror plot curve is defined to link the geometrical distribution of charges. The resultant formula for the surface potential and mirror plot showed that the point charge approximation is a special case of the presented model.

The formula of mirror‐plot curve has put forward to be a detection tool for the actual build‐up form that the electrons accumulating might take on the insulator surface. Simulation results have shown that the presented procedure could be adopted to search for the optimum distribution profile that may meet an experimental data. It is found that the most probable profile that accumulated electrons might form is the semi‐hemispheric one. The surface of this profile is generally an ellipsoid of a variant axis rather a flat one. Results also reveal that, all the multipole‐moment types could be formed for any shape of accumulation, but their weightiness progressively decreases whenever the pole‐number increases. Furthermore, the configurations that trapped electrons arrange themselves within each distribution profile can be traced with the variation of scanning potential.
Prospective trial of microneedle fractional radiofrequency in the hand rejuvenation treatment
Authors: Wu Xianglei , Zhu Jiafang , Liu Ying , Cen Qingqing , Shang Ying , Yu Wenxin , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: March 2022

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel therapeutic strategy, a microneedle fractional radiofrequency system, for hand rejuvenation.

Material and Method

Sixteen subjects were enrolled in a self‐controlled evaluator‐blind prospective trial. All subjects received three microneedle fractional radiofrequency treatments at 4 weeks intervals. Hand volume was evaluated through subjective (Hand Volume Rating Scale) and quantitative measurements. Patients were also assessed on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale using digital photographs. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after the last radiofrequency treatment.

Results

Statistically significant improvements on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Hand Rating Volume Scale were noted (p < 0.05). Compared with the control side, the treated hand showed a 44% improvement in dorsal skin surface roughness (p < 0.05). Quantitative measurements of hand volume showed a trend toward increased volume for the treated hand, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

We conclude that microneedle fractional radiofrequency is a safe therapeutic option for hand rejuvenation.
Development of EPS‐rich herbal shampoo base fermented using Cyclea peltata leaf powder and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Cheni Cheri Devitheertha , Kizhakke Veettil Aparna Satheesh , Pradeep Punya , Nayak Sneha
Published: March 2022

Background

Studies show that the extensive use of chemical shampoos has a negative impact on health. Given the recent trends, the use of herbal shampoos is gaining importance. Cyclea peltata is a common plant in Kerala's coastal region that has traditionally been used to aid in wound healing, allergy relief, and hair and scalp improvement. Greenly produced silver nanoparticles made from plant sources have a wide range of medical applications.

Objective

The main objective is to optimize the base of the shampoo with better solid content by OFAT studies and characterize the silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo base.

Method

Cyclea peltata leaves were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum for the shampoo formulation, substituting the chemical basis gelatin with an herbal fermented foundation. Silver nanoparticles combined with an herbal formulation should be as safe as herbal shampoo while also being as effective as chemical shampoo. Variation of concentration of Cyclea peltata leaf powder, variation of sucrose concentration, variation of concentration of yeast extract, variation of L. plantarum inoculum, variation of temperature, variation of agitation speed, and variation of time were all studied using the OFAT (One Factor At a Time) method. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using post optimized shampoo bases were also characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and FTIR analysis in order to better understand their properties.

Results

The results clearly indicated that all the six factors had a significant effect on the growth and production of EPS. The pH considered for the shampoo base is above 5 so as to maintain the acidic mantle of the scalp. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base were obtained within 17th hour of incubation, with single surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm. Nanoparticles showed a peak at −11.6 mv of zeta potential which means that the particles are less agglomerative and stable. Similar groups were seen in ftir spectrum of fermented silver nanoparticles and the plant extract which confirmed the capping of nanoparticles with plant phytochemicals.

Conclusion

The study successfully prepared and characterized green synthesized silver nanoparticles from post optimized shampoo base and also optimized the shampoo base based on the EPS production. Characterization of the silver nanoparticles found that the nanoparticles synthesized were stable, less agglomerative, and had several useful components present in it.
Academic Dependency Theory and the Politics of Agency in Area Studies: The Case of Anglophone Vietnamese Studies from the 1960s to the 2010s
Authors: Chang Yufen
Published: March 2022

Academic dependency theory argues that scholars of developing countries uncritically imitate Western academia. Anglophone Vietnamese studies presents a puzzle: many scholars, particularly historians, follow the research frameworks developed in Vietnam and emphasize Vietnam's agency since the field emerged in the 1960s. To explain, this essay conducts content and citation analyses of 25 key texts on history of Vietnam. The findings show that they are influenced by Vietnamese official historiography in the following ways. First, they adopt Vietnam's “nation to nation” framework and essentialize China into a Confucian Other in dealing with the asymmetrical dimension between the two societies. Second, while their works utilize sources in Literary Sinitic, they seem to rely on modern Vietnamese translations and reinterpretations rather than on original primary sources. Third, the scholars are more attentive to Chinese authors' ethnocentrism than to their Vietnamese counterparts, even though ethnocentrism is inherent in both. By following Vietnam's nationalistic historiography and emphasizing Vietnam's agency, Anglophone scholars are wittingly or unwittingly involved in the power struggles between the United States and China, a current hegemon and a historical one that has been rising rapidly in the twenty‐first century.
Postema and the Common Law Tradition
Authors: Lobban Michael
Published: March 2022

First published in 1986, Gerald Postema’s pathbreaking and influentialBentham and the Common Law Traditionoffered a controversial interpretation of how Bentham sought to combine the certainty of a code with flexibility in adjudication. A second edition of the work came out in 2019, with a significant new Afterword in which Postema addresses some of the criticisms of his interpretation. This article revisits some of Postema’s arguments in the book, assesses the Afterword, and considers how his arguments might have been modified in view of other work he has done on the common law mind.
The Effect of Curvature on the Heat Transfer Performance of Regenerative Cooling Passages for a High-Area-Ratio Nozzle
Authors: Adarsh V. R. , Deepu M. , Salih A.
Published: March 2022

Numerical studies on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of rectangular regenerative cooling passages with lateral curvature for a high-area-ratio nozzle are presented. Unlike regular geometries of coolant paths used in various engineering applications, high-area-ratio rocket nozzles have steeply curved surfaces over which the cooling passages are provided. Though the inherent inward curvature benefits heat transfer enhancement in the throat region, it is insufficient to circumvent peak heat dissipation demand. Hence, the heat transfer enhancement due to lateral curvature of the coolant fluid passages provided near the throat region is explored in this study. Extensive numerical simulations have been performed to analyze the effect of the geometry of the cooling channel on its flow and heat transfer characteristics. The compressible turbulent flow field inside the nozzle has been resolved to understand the realistic local wall heat transfer characteristics of the typical high-area-ratio rocket nozzle using Advection Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM) scheme-based finite volume solver. Menter’s Shear Stress Transport k–ω turbulence model is used to model the turbulent flow inside the nozzle. Simulations of the incompressible coolant flow and conjugate heat transfer in regenerative cooling passages have been performed with realistic spatially varying local heat flux profiles, resulting due to compressible gas expansion in the convergent–divergent nozzle. Secondary flow structures are formed due to the lateral curvature of the coolant fluid passages and are found to enhance the heat transfer considerably. Further, the effect of coolant flowrate and channel curvature have been examined to explore its suitability to negotiate the peak heat flux dissipation demand at the throat region of the nozzle.
Electrical characteristics of tungsten-doped InZnSnO thin film transistors by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Su Jinbao , Yang Hui , Yang Weiguang , Zhang Xiqing
Published: March 2022

A bottom-gate tungsten-doped InZnSnO (IZTO:W) thin film transistor (TFT) is fabricated. The IZTO:W thin film is deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The x-ray diffraction result indicates that the film is amorphous. The transmittance spectrum shows that the film is transparent with an average optical transmittance over 80% in the visible range. The TFT shows excellent performances with a saturation mobility (μSAT) of 41.0 cm2/V s, a threshold voltage (VTH) of 2.4 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.5 V/decade, and a current on/off ratio (ION/IOFF) of 6.8 × 108. The gate bias stress stability and stress recovery of the TFT are investigated. The threshold voltage shifts (ΔVTH) under negative and positive bias stress for 1 h are −9.4 and 10.0 V, respectively. After the stress is removed, ΔVTH under negative and positive stress recovery for 1 h are 7.0 and −3.6 V, respectively.
Long-Term Parallel Changes of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in Different Predisposing Risk Trajectories of Obesity
Authors: Naseri Parisa , Amiri Parisa , Mahani Fatemeh , Zareie-Shabkhaneh Amirali , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: March 2022

Background: The long-term parallel changes of physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in the adult population are still unclear. The present study assessed the association between physical activity and BMI over time, considering obesity risk trajectory groups and sex strata. Methods: Total sample of 6897 adults was followed for an average of 12 years. The reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire measured physical activity. After determining the risk clusters in each reexamination using a 2-step cluster analysis, the latent growth curve modeling was used to identify distinct subgroups of individuals following a similar change of risk cluster over time. Latent growth curve modeling estimated the parameters of cross-sectional, prospective, and parallel associations. Results: Three trajectories were identified, including stable low risk, unstable risk, and stable high risk. The results showed significant increases in BMI (kg/m2/year) for the stable low-risk trajectory group 0.478 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.444 to 0.513), unstable risk 0.360 (95% CI, 0.324 to 0.396), and those in the stable high-risk trajectory group 0.255 (95% CI, 0.221 to 0.289). In cross-sectional −0.483 kg/m2 (95% CI, −0.836 to −0.129) and parallel −0.93 kg/m2 (95% CI, −1.862 to 0.00) estimations, significant statistical associations were observed in the stable high-risk trajectory group. Conclusions: The current results showed that changes in physical activity could slightly affect BMI only in stable high-risk adults.
Temporal sequence of blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women: the study of women’s health across the nation
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Zhou Guangshuai , Fan Bingbing , Gao Chaonan , Li Chunxia , Wei Mengke , Lv Jiali , He Li , Feng Guoshuang , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2022

Introduction

To explore the temporal relationship between blood lipids and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.

Research design and methods

The longitudinal cohort consisted of 1386 women (mean age 46.4 years at baseline) in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify appropriate latent factors of lipids (total cholesterol (TC); triglyceride (TG); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); lipoprotein A-I (LpA-I); apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I); apolipoprotein B (ApoB)). Cross-lagged path analysis was used to explore the temporal sequence of blood lipids and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Results

Three latent lipid factors were defined as: the TG factor, the cholesterol transport factor (CT), including TC, LDL-C, and ApoB; the reverse cholesterol transport factor (RCT), including HDL-C, LpA-I, and ApoA-I. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three factors was 86.3%. The synchronous correlations between baseline TG, RCT, CT, and baseline HOMA-IR were 0.284, −0.174, and 0.112 (p<0.05 for all). After adjusting for age, race, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and follow-up years, the path coefficients of TG→HOMA-IR (0.073, p=0.004), and HOMA-IR→TG (0.057, p=0.006) suggested a bidirectional relationship between TG and HOMA-IR. The path coefficients of RCT→HOMA-IR (−0.091,P< 0.001) and HOMA-IR→RCT (−0.058, p=0.002) were also significant, but the path coefficients of CT→HOMA-IR (0.031, p=0.206) and HOMA-IR→CT (−0.028, p=0.113) were not. The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that TG and the reverse cholesterol transport-related lipids are related with insulin resistance bidirectionally, while there is no temporal relationship between the cholesterol transport factor and insulin resistance.
Advanced glycation end products correlate with breast cancer metastasis by activating RAGE/TLR4 signaling
Authors: Pan Shuo , Guan Yitong , Ma Yanpeng , Cui Qianwei , Tang Zhiguo , Li Jingyuan , Zu Chao , Zhang Yong , Zhu Ling , Jiang Jie , Liu Zhongwei
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in promoting invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.

Research design and methods

Patients with 131 breast cancer were enrolled in a cohort and followed up to investigate the association between AGEs and metastasis. Serum AGE concentrations were detected by ELISA. Breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to generated AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA). CCK-8 assay was used to select the non-cytotoxic concentrations of AGE-BSA. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the gene expressions.

Results

In the cohort study, metastasis incidence was significantly correlated with serum AGE concentrations in patients with breast cancer (adjusted OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.20 to 2.57, p=0.004). During follow-up, metastasis interval was significantly shorter in diabetic than non-diabetic subjects. In the in vitro study, AGE-BSA incubation significantly promoted migration and invasion of cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. AGE-BSA dramatically increased expressions of receptor for AGEs (RAGE), TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), promoted nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) p65, but decreased the expression of inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα).TLR4silencing significantly suppressed migration and invasion of cancer cells exposed to AGE-BSA.TLR4silencing reduced the expression of MyD88 and MMP9, as well as nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 but increased IκBα expression in AGE-BSA-incubated breast cancer cells.

Conclusions

AGEs are correlated with metastasis of breast cancer. AGEs’ promoting effects on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via activating RAGE/TLR4/MyD88 signaling were suggested as the involved mechanism.
Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Shate , Qu Yiqian , Qian Suhai , Wang Rongyun , Wang Yao , Jin Yibo , Li Jie , Ding Xinghong
Published: March 2022

Objective

Recent studies reported that SLE is characterised by altered interactions between the microbiome and immune system. We performed a meta-analysis of publications on this topic.

Methods

Case–control studies that compared patients with SLE and healthy controls (HCs) and determined the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of different microbes were examined. Stata/MP V.16 was used for the meta-analysis. A Bonferroni correction for multiple tests was used to reduce the likelihood of false-positive results.

Results

We included 11 case–control studies that examined 373 patients with SLE and 1288 HCs. These studies were performed in five countries and nine cities. Compared with HCs, patients with SLE had gut microbiota with lower Shannon-Wiener diversity index (weighted mean difference=−0.22, 95% CI −0.32 to –0.13, p<0.001) and lower Chao1 richness (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.62, 95% CI −1.04 to –0.21, p=0.003). Patients with SLE had lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae (SMD = −0.49, 95% CI −0.84 to −0.15,p=0.005), but greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (SMD=0.45, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.89, p=0.045) and Enterococcaceae (SMD=0.53, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.01, p=0.03). However, only the results for Ruminococcaceae passed the Bonferroni correction (p=0.0071). The two groups had no significant differences in Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (both p>0.05). Patients with SLE who used high doses of glucocorticoids had altered gut microbiota based on the Chao1 species diversity estimator, and hydroxychloroquine use appeared to reduce the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions

Patients with SLE have imbalanced gut microbiota, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in harmful bacteria. Drugs used to treat SLE may also alter the gut microbiota of these patients.
Conceptual framework for defining disease modification in systemic lupus erythematosus: a call for formal criteria
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald , Askanase Anca D , Bomback Andrew S , Bruce Ian N , Carroll Angela , Dall'Era Maria , Daniels Mark , Levy Roger A , Schwarting Andreas , Quasny Holly A , Urowitz Murray B , Zhao Ming-Hui , Furie Richard
Published: March 2022

Disease modification has become a well-established concept in several therapeutic areas; however, no widely accepted definition of disease modification exists for SLE.

We reviewed established definitions of disease modification in other conditions and identified a meaningful effect on ‘disease manifestations’ (ie, signs, symptoms and patient-reported outcomes) and on ‘disease outcomes’ (eg, long-term remission or progression of damage) as the key principles of disease modification, indicating a positive effect on the natural course of the disease. Based on these findings and the treatment goals and outcome measures for SLE, including lupus nephritis, we suggest a definition of disease modification based on disease activity indices and organ damage outcomes, with the latter as a key anchor. A set of evaluation criteria is also suggested.

Establishing a definition of disease modification in SLE will clarify which treatments can be considered disease modifying, provide an opportunity to harmonise future clinical trial outcomes and enable comparison between therapies, all of which could ultimately help to improve patient outcomes. This publication seeks to catalyse further discussion and provide a framework to develop an accepted definition of disease modification in SLE.
Clinical and histopathological features of myositis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Goldman Daniel , Corse Andrea , Mammen Andrew , Petri Michelle A
Published: March 2022

Objective

The objectives of this study were to compare the clinical features of patients with SLE with and without myopathy and to describe the muscle biopsy features of patients with SLE myopathy.

Methods

This nested case–control study included all subjects enrolled in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort database from May 1987 to June 2016. Subjects with elevated creatine kinase along with evidence of muscle oedema on MRI, myopathic electromyography and/or myopathic muscle biopsy features were defined as having SLE myopathy. Demographic, serological and clinical features were compared between patients with SLE with and without myopathy. Muscle biopsies were histologically classified as polymyositis, dermatomyositis, necrotising myopathy or non-specific myositis.

Results

From among 2437 patients with SLE, 179 (7.3%) had myopathy. African American patients were more likely to develop myositis than Caucasian patients (p<0.0001). Compared with those without myopathy, patients with SLE myopathy were more likely to have malar rash (OR 1.67, 1.22–2.29), photosensitivity (OR 1.43, 1.04–1.96), arthritis (OR 1.81, 1.21–2.69), pleurisy (OR 1.77, 1.3–2.42), pericarditis (OR 1.49, 1.06–2.08), acute confusional state (OR 2.07, 1.09–3.94), lymphopaenia (OR 1.64, 1.2–2.24), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (OR 1.52, 1.09–2.13), lupus anticoagulant (OR 1.42, 1–2), cognitive impairment (OR 1.87, 1.12–3.13), cataract (OR 1.5, 1.04–2.18), pulmonary hypertension (OR 1.98, 1.13–3.47), pleural fibrosis (OR 2.01, 1.27–3.18), premature gonadal failure (OR 1.9, 1.05–3.43), diabetes (OR 1.92, 1.22–3.02) or hypertension (OR 1.45, 1.06–2). Among 16 muscle biopsies available for review, the most common histological classifications were necrotising myositis (50%) and dermatomyositis (38%).

Conclusions

Patients with SLE myopathy have a higher prevalence of numerous SLE disease manifestations. Necrotising myopathy and dermatomyositis are the most prevalent histopathological features in SLE myopathy.
Taphonomy of a monodominantGryposaurussp. bonebed from the Oldman Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Scott Evan E. , Chiba Kentaro , Fanti Federico , Saylor Beverly Z. , Evans David C. , Ryan Michael J.
Published: March 2022

A monodominant Gryposaurus sp. bonebed in the lower unit of the Campanian Oldman Formation of southern Alberta is the oldest hadrosauroid bonebed documented in the province and the first described from the formation. The sedimentology of the locality and the taphonomy of the hadrosaurid material indicates that the bonebed represents an assemblage of juvenile-sized individuals that were probably transported only a short distance from where they died to where they were finally deposited and preserved in a fine-grained mudstone within an overbank sequence. Histological examination of six limb elements confirms that all individuals are juveniles, with two age classes (<1 and <2 years of age at the time of death) that likely died in the same event. Bone microstructure data indicate that Gryposaurus experienced rapid growth over the 2-year life spans documented, equivalent to other Late Cretaceous hadrosaurids in North America. The parautochthonous nature of the bonebed, and the lack of small neonate (newborn) material and almost complete lack of large adult material, suggests that the bonebed represents a segregated group of juveniles. This group of immature individuals may have been an autonomous unit that had separated itself from a larger social grouping, possibly in an effort to increase their survivability.
Amalgamated duplication of Banach algebras from homological point of view
Authors: Abolghasemi M. , Javanshiri H. , Tolooei Y.
Published: March 2022

In a paper from 2002, Zhang [Weak amenability of module extensions of Banach algebras, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 354 (2002) 4131–4151] used module extensions to construct an example of a weakly amenable Banach algebra which is not 3-weakly amenable. Following his approach, we show that for amalgamated duplication of dual Banach algebras, we are able to choose appropriate conditions for weak Connes amenability of those Banach algebras which extend the Zhang’s result in a much more general setting. Moreover, apart from the characterization of minimal idempotents, we restrict our investigation to the study of injectivity, projectivity and flatness of amalgamated duplication of Banach algebras. Particularly, it is worth mentioning that our result paves the way for studying of homological properties and weak Connes amenability of those dual Banach algebras that have a semidirect product-like structure including Lau algebras.