bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trypanosomose expérimentale à Trypanosoma brucei brucei chez les taurins Holstein et les zébus Bororo blancs
Authors: Doko A. , Verhulst A. , Pandey V.S. , Van Der Stuyft P.
Published: June 2021

Des taurins Holstein et zébus Bororo blancs ont été infectés avec AnTat 1.1, un variant antigénique de T. b. brucei. Les paramètres cliniques, ainsi que l'hématocrite, la parasitémie, la réponse immunehumorale et l'activité hémolytique du complément ont été examinés en vue de préciser l'allure clinique de la trypanosomose à T. b. brucei chez ces deux races bovines, ainsi que leur degré de sensibilité. Les animaux des deux races se sont montrés très sensibles à l'infection. Les Holstein ont contracté une maladie aiguë, mortelle en quelques semaines, les zébus Bororo blancs une maladie chronique avec inanition progressive et mortaprès quelques mois. Tous sont restés parasitémiques jusqu'à la phase terminale de la maladie. Des anticorps trypanolytiques AnTat 1.1-spécifiques ont été produits en grande quantité. L'infection a induit une hypocomplémentémie persistante chez les deux races. Le comportement des zébus Bororo blancs et Holstein est très différent de celui observé antérieurement chez les bovins Lagunaire et Borgou soumis à un protocole expérimental similaire. Les variations individuelles sont importantes chez toutes les races étudiées.
Movimentos e contramovimentos sociais: o caráter relacional da conflitualidade social / Social movements and countermovements: The relational character of social conflict
Authors: Kunrath Silva Marcelo , Mazzilli Pereira Matheus
Published: June 2021

O campo de estudos de movimentos sociais tem-se caracterizado pela adoção de uma perspectiva analítica movimentocêntrica, que concentra seu foco de análise em características e processos internos aos movimentos sociais e suas organizações, bem como tem privilegiado como objetos de investigação os atores coletivos progressistas ou dominados, secundarizando a análise da mobilização coletiva de setores conservadores ou dominantes da sociedade. Desenvolvido no âmbito de perspectivas relacionais de análise dos movimentos sociais, o conceito de “contramovimentos” oferece ferramentas para superar essas lacunas, ao propor um deslocamento do foco analítico para as relações de conflito entre organizações de movimentos sociais de perfis ideológicos ou de segmentos da população distintos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar esse conceito a partir de uma revisão da literatura a respeito: a) de sua apropriação pela literatura nacional e internacional; b) dos debates teóricos em torno de sua definição e explicação; c) e das principais temáticas que têm sido investigadas empiricamente a partir desse conceito.AbstractThe literature on social movements has tended to adopt a “movement-centric” perspective, which concentrates its analytical focus on the internal characteristics and processes of social movements and their organizations. It has also tended to define as its objects of study the progressive or subaltern collective actors, neglecting the mobilization of dominant or conservative social groups. Developed under relational approaches to social movements, the concept of “countermovements” offers tools to overcome those gaps by moving the analytical focus to the contentious relations between social movement organizations of different ideological orientations or from different social groups. This paper seeks to present this concept by reviewing the literature regarding: a) its appropriation by the national and international literature; b) the theoretical debate over its definition and explanation; and c) the main topics of empirical investigation related to this concept.
A batalha política pela cidade: rupturas e continuidades nos trajetos de protestos em junho de 2013 na cidade de São Paulo / The political battle for the city: Ruptures and continuities in itineraries of protests of June 2013 in the city of São Paulo
Authors: De Souza Rafael
Published: June 2021

O artigo investiga a variedade de trajetos das manifestações percorridos por uma gama de atores coletivos presentes no ciclo de confrontos de 2013, apresentando os mecanismos responsáveis pela ocupação, concentração e dispersão de protestos no espaço urbano. Quais foram os obstáculos e constrangimentos para a execução dos trajetos de protesto em junho de 2013? Através da análise espacial dos protestos, foi possível elencar os mecanismos pelos quais os diferentes usos situacionais do espaço urbano produzem e disseminam os trajetos de protesto. O argumento principal é de que a dispersão dos trajetos no cenário urbano paulistano resultou de dois fatores: 1) a morfologia espacial da cidade; 2) as disputas entre atores políticos (polícia vs. manifestantes; e ativistas com diferentes agendas) pelo controle de espaços da cidade visando objetivos específicos.AbstractThe article explores the variety of paths taken by a range of collective actors in the 2013 cycle of confrontations, presenting the mechanisms responsible for the occupation, concentration and dispersion of protests in urban space. What were the obstacles and constraints to the execution of the protest routes in June 2013? Through the spatial analysis of the protests, it was possible to list the mechanisms by which the different situational uses of urban space produce and disseminate the protest routes. The main argument is that the dispersion of routes in the urban scenario of São Paulo resulted from two factors: 1) the spatial morphology of the city; 2) disputes between political actors (police vs. demonstrators; and activists with different agendas) for the control of city spaces aiming at specific objectives.
Editorial - Migrações e Circularidade: Teoria, Políticas de Estado e Realidades Migrantes
Authors: Cavalcanti Leonardo , Ennes Marcelo Alario , Oliveira Márcio de
Published: June 2021

Não é mais preciso insistir sobre a atualidade dos fluxos migratórios em qualquer continente que seja. Da mesma forma, não é mais necessário ressaltar o crescente número de deslocados – forçados ou refugiados – que faz a manchete dos principais meios de comunicação mundo afora.  A realidade de cada migrante espelha sua forma de organizar sua vida. Essa realidade tem origem em seus sentimentos, em suas redes e capitais, e no contexto político e social das sociedades nacionais de onde ele parte e daquelas onde ele se instala. Aí reside a grande diversidade do fenômeno migratório. A discussão sobre a mobilidade humana de que trata esse dossiê apresenta-se, portanto, variada, e essa é a tese que o sustenta: os móbiles da migração são múltiplos e só se revelam quando deles nos aproximamos. Da mesma forma o são as realidades criadas nas sociedades de origem e de chegada, para os que migram e para os que permanecem.
Electoral Incentives, Critical Actors, and the Substantive Representation of Women in Parliament
Authors:   , Höhmann Daniel
Published: June 2021

When and how does the susbstantive representation of women in parliament occur? This dissertation makes two main contributions in this regard. First, it analyzes when female MPs represent women’s interests in parliament. Regarding the ‘when’ and ‘why’ of women’s substantive representation, this dissertation investigates how the institutional environment affects the parliamentary behavior of female MPs and their opportunities to focus on the representation of women’s interests. In particular, it explores the effect of the electoral system and asks whether the electoral incentive structure influences whether and to what extent female legislators represent women-specific issues more frequently than their male colleagues do. Second, this dissertation broadens our understanding of the potential actors in women’s substantive representation and explicitly analyzes whether, when and why male MPs represent women’s interests in parliament. It examines whether the presence of women in parliament has an effect on male MPs’ behavior and their decision to actively represent women’s interests. Moreover, it analyzes whether the electoral vulnerability of male MPs has an effect on their willingness to pay attention to women’s concerns.
A memória de Bento Cego e as motivações do movimento paranista
Authors: Chiarelli Alexandre , Gumboski Leandro
Published: June 2021

Bento Cego foi um trovador nascido no litoral do estado do Paraná, cuja vida e produção cultural recortaram a segunda metade do século XIX. Registros históricos datados do início do século XX mostram uma primeira tentativa de registro e enaltecimento de seu trabalho de trovador, circunscrito aos primeiros passos do chamado movimento paranista. Neste trabalho, procuramos revisitar esses registros e apresentar novos elementos sobre a discussão da relação entre Bento Cego e o movimento paranista. A metodologia consistiu na discussão e revisão de registros históricos escritos e revisões bibliográficas interligadas. Destas análises, nota-se a apresentação da figura histórica de Bento Cego comparada ao poeta grego Homero e evidenciam-se as motivações que resultaram na criação do movimento paranista
Processo de (des)territorialidade em uma comunidade rural na Bahia
Authors: Mamédio Divaney , Delgado Mendez Jesus Manuel , De Almeida Renato , Barequeiro de Santana Simone
Published: June 2021

A globalização do meio rural ocorre paralelamente ao processo de desterritorialização, gradativo, intenso e generalizado, despertando reflexões sobre os temas identidade e território. Este estudo visa descrever como uma empresa fumageira influenciou na perda de identidade sociocultural da Comunidade Rural de Laranjeiras, Muritiba (BA), mediante processos de desterritorialização. Os dados foram coletados e descritos a partir da observação aberta, com uso de entrevista não estruturada, marcada por conversas informais. A presença da empresa desencadeou intenso processo de “des-pertencimento”/desenraizamento familiar, provocando perda de identidade sociocultural e costumes, além da consequente redução de espaço físico da comunidade. Foi destacada a crescente insalubridade local pelo aumento de materiais particulados, intenso tráfego de veículos e o odor característico de insumos químicos na monocultura do fumo. Ainda assim, a comunidade parece acreditar que a indústria é “um mal necessário”, pois oferece emprego à maioria da comunidade. Verificou-se, também, o êxodo dos jovens, que se deslocaram em busca de melhores salários e enfrentaram o processo de desenraizamento. Outra problemática vivenciada pela comunidade é o aparecimento de doenças atribuídas ao uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos na lavoura do fumo, por ação da empresa. É possível concluir que a comunidade em questão vivencia desenraizamento e desterritorialização sociocultural e econômica, associados à expropriação de direitos e costumes tradicionais, inseridos no processo de globalização do meio rural.
Um panorama do mercado de trabalho da pessoa com deficiência visual na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Lima Meline Melegario , Santos Avelar Kátia Eliane , Teixeira de Seixas Filho José , Dusek Patricia Maria
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem o objetivo de traçar o perfil de uma amostra da população com deficiência (PcD), especificamente a deficiência visual, e de empresas do setor privado que contratam PcD na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, visando obter subsídios para a melhoria de políticas públicas que garantam a este grupo social o direito de obtenção de renda. A esta pesquisa qualitativa foi associado o posicionamento de legisladores especialistas em inclusão social. Foram analisadas as reservas legais de vagas, as adaptações no ambiente de trabalho, as fontes de recrutamento e as dificuldades para inserção ao mercado. Os resultados permitiram constatar a dificuldade das PcD em conseguirem colocação no mercado de trabalho, principalmente pelo preconceito, observado nos processos seletivos, assim como no perfil das vagas oferecidas. Por parte das empresas, pode-se observar preocupação com a elevação dos custos na contratação e a alta rotatividade. Os especialistas reconhecem a deficiência de capacitação dos deficientes visuais para o mercado, a falta de conexão destes com as empresas e a timidez empresarial para o cumprimento da cota legal, visando à inclusão. Pode-se concluir que, mesmo após 25 anos da legislação inclusiva, ocorre urgente necessidade de atualização das políticas públicas em relação às empresas, na valorização das PcD, conforme recomendado no ODS 8 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU).
Os (entre)laços com a terra, o lar e o lugar: topofilia e percepção ambiental de uma comunidade rural da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira Damile de Jesus , Profice Christiana Cabicieri
Published: June 2021

Com o aumento da constante preocupação com as questões ambientais, a percepção ambiental pretende entender a relação do ser humano com a natureza e quais condicionantes direcionam seu comportamento e suas atitudes em relação ao meio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi de compreender a percepção ambiental dos moradores da comunidade rural do Barrocão (Uruçuca, BA), identificando a relação topofílica estabelecida entre os moradores com o lugar. O estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que teve como método de coleta o uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os moradores, partindo de um roteiro elaborado conforme as orientações metodológicas de percepção ambiental de Whyte (1977). As entrevistas foram realizadas com 13 moradores integrantes da associação comunitária Doces e Segredos da Floresta. Os resultados revelaram que os moradores obtêm um laço afetivo com o lugar em que vivem, estando satisfeitos em morar na comunidade e indicando fatores externos como problemáticos. Constatou-se que o sentido de comunidade vai além das delimitações geográficas estabelecidas, sendo fortalecido por sentimentos coletivos compartilhados.
Geotecnologias aplicadas na defesa do meio ambiente em municípios da Rota de Integração Latino-Americana: a atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul via Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Proteção Ambiental, Brasil
Authors: Magalhães Filho Fernando J. C. , Dos Santos Carvalho Wesley , Antônio de Souza Pereira Mariana , Ramos Juliane
Published: June 2021

A exploração dos recursos naturais e seus impactos sobre os ecossistemas demandam preocupação e uma ação eficiente. A pauta ambiental está presente no poder público. O Ministério Público atua na defesa ambiental de modo a garantir o direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado às atuais e futuras gerações. O presente estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos pelo Centro Integrado de Proteção e Pesquisa Ambiental da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (CEIPPAM/UCDB) por meio de pareceres técnicos produzidos em atendimento às demandas do Ministério Público do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, na área ambiental, considerando a Rota de Integração Latino-Americana, nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado, como área de estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que Aquidauana, Bodoquena e Bonito foram os municípios com os maiores índices de irregularidades ambientais, onde as classes de uso do solo denominadas Vegetação Remanescente e Área de Preservação Ambiental foram as mais afetadas pelos danos ambientais identificados.
Perspectivas do território e desenvolvimento local: estudo sobre a constituição do município de Naviraí, MS, como polo urbano regional
Authors: Pereira Jaiane Aparecida , Zacarias Gabrielle Corrêa , Silva Marco Antônio Costa da
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender como ocorreu a constituição e o desenvolvimento do município de Naviraí como polo urbano regional, tendo como aporte teórico a discussão sobre desenvolvimento local e território. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar as ações e os atores relevantes para a constituição do município, descrever historicamente como ocorreu a constituição do município e sua condição de polo urbano regional, como também examinar os aspectos territoriais e sua contribuição ao desenvolvimento local e regional. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, por meio de dados secundários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com três moradoras da cidade que estão relacionadas à história do município. Os resultados evidenciam que diversos aspectos convergiram para a constituição do município como polo urbano regional, iniciando-se com a colonização, fomentada pelo governo federal, associada à existência de recursos naturais que eram abundantes, e, consequentemente, por meio do aproveitamento das potencialidades locais, como a vocação agrícola. Diante desse contexto, indica-se a utilização da análise E-P-C-N, proposta por Saquet (2009), para compreender a configuração de um território e como suporte para pensar o desenvolvimento local endógeno sustentado. Ademais, discute-se a necessidade de criar condições de desenvolvimento endógeno a partir da conjugação de esforços locais com apoio externo, como as diversas universidades instaladas no município, que podem, por meio de esforços conjuntos, instruir os atores no sentido de promover o desenvolvimento local.
Impacts of added oenological tannins on red wine quality to counteract Botrytis infection in Merlot grapes
Authors: Gancel Anne-Laure , Vignault Adeline , Pilard Etienne , Miramont Clément , Jourdes Michaël , Fermaud Marc , Roudet Jean , Zamora Fernando , Teissedre Pierre-Louis
Published: June 2021

The contamination of grape berries by Botrytis cinerea can drastically damage wine quality, in particular causing colour degradation. In musts obtained from botrytised grapes, SO2 addition is the main means of avoiding oxidation damage due to laccases excreted by the pathogen. However, consumers are becoming increasingly reluctant to accept SO2 addition to wine. Oenological tannins are used for fining wines because of their colloidal properties, and for wine colour stabilisation due to their ability to condense with anthocyanins. They are also known for their antioxidant and antioxidasic properties. They were thus investigated in the present study for their potential as an alternative to SO2 against laccase oxidation.The impact of various types of oenological tannins on musts and wines was studied once added to musts obtained from the Merlot cultivar, comprising 20 % and 50 % botrytised grapes. Laccase activity, antioxidant capacity, composition of phenolic compounds, spectrophotometric and CIELAB colour parameters were assessed in the musts and wines. Sensory analyses were also performed on 3-month-old wines to evaluate the visual, olfactory and gustative consequences of tannin addition. At a 50 % botrytisation rate, the addition of any type of oenological tannins (at a concentration of 100 g/hL) had no effect on laccase activity and did not protect phenolic compounds. However, at the same concentration and at a 20 % botrytisation rate, proanthocyanidin tannins from grape skin were found to be the most promising tannins with simultaneous protective effects, such as an inhibitory effect on laccase enzymes, protection of colour from complete degradation and preservation of some procyanidin compounds.Oenological tannins are promising candidates for protecting wines from Botrytis damage and they induce a differential effect according to their origin and structure. They could be used to reduce the amount of SO2 that is added during vatting. More research is needed to confirm and better understand the mode of action of various tannins at levels lower than the 20 % botrytised rate tested in the present study.
Relevansi Nilai-nilai Karakter dalam Film PK Karya Rarjkumar Hirani terhadap Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Asrori Asrori
Published: June 2021

Character is a differentiator between humans and other creatures and is the ultimate goal of education. Learning about character values in the digital era is not only through verbal learning or direct examples from teachers, but can also use film as a media. The purpose of this reasearch is to describe the character values in PK films and their relevance to Islamic education. This research is descriptive qualitative research with content analysis technique. The results of this study are the discovery of some character values such as religious, honest, responsibility, hard work, pluralism, helping others. These values have relevance to the values of I'tiqadiyyah or Ilahiyah and values of Khuluqiyyah or Insaniyah in Islamic education.
Implementing a Cooperative E-Learning Model by Virtual Interviews with Native Speakers
Authors: Hidayah Febrianti Nurul
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to define the impact of the cooperative learning model through virtual interviews with native speakers on learning outcomes and student perceptions in English course. This strategy is applied to overcome obstacles in the absence of offline learning (face-to-face in class) during the covid-19 pandemic; thus, online learning methods need to be modified to optimize student ability in English. A total of 135 students were given a questionnaire to determine their opinion about the virtual interviews and their learning progress. Half of the students taught through the virtual interview with native speakers (experimental group) and the others without native speakers (control group). Results showed that both groups showing increases in speaking confidence and their perception of the learning process, but the experimental group’s mean percentage was higher than in the control group. Therefore, the cooperative learning model's implementation can lead to positive outcomes since they could engage students in the English learning process. The implication of this study calls for the cooperative learning model implementation did not only make students active and motivated in learning, but also can improve the effectiveness and quality of learning.
Biofunctional significance of multi-herbal combination against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Kaur Pardeep , Shergill Robin , Mehta Rajendra G. , Singh Balbir , Arora Saroj
Published: June 2021

A multi-herbal combination (MHC) of five herbs, namely Punica granatum L., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and Trigonella corniculata L., was assessed against the paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The animals were randomly assorted into seven groups with six animals in each group. The rats were pre-treated with MHC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) once daily for seven consecutive days via oral route followed by administration of paracetamol (3 g/kg bw) on day 7, an hour after the last administration of MHC and silymarin. It was observed that MHC administration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) overturned the paracetamol-induced increase in serum liver function biomarkers (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), phase I reaction enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), and oxidant biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, and protein content). MHC administration also reinstated the paracetamol-induced significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in haematological indices (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets), phase II reaction enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and DT-diaphorase), membrane-bound enzymes (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Overall, MHC at 200 mg/kg bw dose significantly (p ≤ 0.05) sheltered the red blood cells from the assault of free radicals, stabilized the structural and functional integrity of hepatocytes, hindered APAP biotransformation to its toxic metabolites, and endorsed conjugating abilities to detoxify toxic entities. Further, MHC significantly (p ≤ 0.05) activated enzymatic machinery to scavenge/inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, regulated nucleic acid metabolism, surface potential, and membrane fluidity, attenuated tissue breakdown, quenched peroxyl radicals, and provided protection against tissue injury. The necroinflammatory scores revealed strong evidence of MHC (200 mg/kg bw) effectiveness against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at p ≤ 0.05. The synergistic effect of major inherent phytoconstituents (kaempferol, ellagic acid, and gallic acid), detected by HPLC-PDA, in MHC might have overturned the paracetamol-induced biochemical toxic alterations in rat liver.
A novel AE algorithm-based approach for the detection of cracks in spot welding in view of on-line monitoring: case study
Authors: Yaacoubi Slah , Dahmene Fethi , Mountassir Mahjoub El , Bouzenad Abd Ennour
Published: June 2021

The detection of cracks in spot welding is a major issue especially on-line. This paper deals with this topic using acoustic emission monitoring. It proposes an approach based on Shannon entropy with a novel criterion that allows increasing the detection sensitivity. A data-based model is built, coded and then applied on acoustic emission signals. The obtained crack detection results are satisfactory. The cracks are revealed using fluorescent dye penetrant, which enables validating the method. A flowchart of whole the proposed approach is described so that practitioners can benefit from the authors experience, towards successful implementation in laboratory as well as in production-line. The current approach is applied on resistance spot welding as a case of study, but it could be applicable in non-stationary environment such as other kinds of spot welding, and more hopefully for other manufacturing processes.
Assessing Environmental Criteria to Support Forest Connectivity
Authors: Vanderley-Silva Ivan , Valente Roberta
Published: June 2021

Establishing forest connection in landscapes under urban sprawl is essential for maintaining the ecological processes and ensuring biodiversity conservation. However, the major challenge is incorporated the ecological network in the land-use/land-cover planning. This way, the main objective of the study was the evaluation of environmental criteria for prioritizing areas to obtain forest functional connectivity in a landscape subject to the urban sprawl. The second objective was to understand how the criteria are associated with the structural forest attributes represented by traditional landscape ecology metrics. The criteria were defined through the literature review, representing the landscape characteristics as the topographic, conflicts, and biotics. The metrics used to characterize the forest structure were perimeter, shape index, and distance to the nearest neighbor. They were generated to a selected group of forest remnants, which represent the landscape forest structure. Sampling the criteria and forest fragments maps (i.e., different maps representing the metrics-values) through the hexagon network, we assessed how the criteria are associated with the structural forest attributes. The statistical analysis used to evaluate these sampled values were The Moran Global (Moran I) and Moran Local (LISA). We obtained that the urban expansion process is diffuse, although it does not occur randomly in our landscape. The criteria slope, TWI, distance from drainage network, distance from highways, distance from the low-density urban area, and distance from forest patches have characteristics that support this process. Furthermore, our results indicated a spatial autocorrelation among metrics and after, among metrics and these criteria. Also, we obtained that the external influences on the fragments did not occur randomly and that the criteria act on the landscape. This way, through these criteria, we can identify regions where it is possible to have the persistence of forest fragments, even though in places under the impact of urban sprawl.
Effects Of Phase Separation On Dewaterability Promotion And Heavy-Metal Removal of Sewage Sludge During Bioleaching
Authors: Lu Yulan , Wu Rongjun , Zhang Jun , Liu Hongtao , Dai Yu
Published: June 2021

Bioleaching is of increasing interest due to its high efficiency for improving sludge dewaterability and removing heavy metals. However, a traditional single-phase bioleaching cannot run continuously at a high-efficiency status due to a destruction of the microbial synergistic effect in a low-pH environment. So, in this study, a series of multi-compartment baffled-flow trials were carried out to assess the effect of phase separation on sludge bioleaching by comparing the bioleaching process of a two-phase bioreactor with that of two single-phase bioreactors. Energy substrate and sludge reflux were introduced into two different compartments to form two phases, namely selection phase and leaching phase. The results show that phase separation obviously shortened the start-up duration for sludge bioleaching from 7 days in single-phase bioleaching to 4 days in two-phase bioleaching. The dewaterability improvement of bioleached sludge also was enhanced by phase separation with the relative decreases of 25.0 ‒ 33.3% for specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and 14.2% for capillary suction time (CST), which was attributed to lower pH values, zeta potentials of closer to zero and less DOM of bioleached sludge after the two-phase bioleaching. Phase separation generally increased the dissolution ratio of heavy metals with the ratios of 56.3%, 49.1%, 29.6%, 19.9%, 16.0%, 15.5%, and 1.0% for Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, As, Cr, and Pb from raw sludge. Phase separation also enhanced the enrichment of Acidithiobacillus and relieved the inactivation of acid-tolerant fungi, which could be conducive to producing a better synergy benefit and keeping a long-term stable operation in bioleaching phase during two-phase bioleaching.
Effectiveness of Acromioclavicular Joint Mobilization and Physical Therapy vs Physical Therapy Alone in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rahbar Mohammad , Kiyakalayeh Sepideh Ranjbar , Eftekharsadat Bina , Izadseresht Behzad , Dolatkhah Neda
Published: June 2021

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition characterized by an often prolonged pain, disability and limited active and passive range of motion (ROM), however its management remains challenging yet. The objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy of acromioclavicular joint mobilization and physical therapy versus physical therapy in treatment of FS.Methods: In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, patients with diagnosis of FS were randomly allocated into mobilization + physical therapy (n=28) as experiment group, and physical therapy (n=28) as control group in two outpatient clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The primary outcomes were self-reported shoulder pain-related disability measured by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire and goniometric assessment of shoulder ROM. The secondary outcome was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Measures were performed at the baseline, immediately and one month after beginning the treatments.Results: Totally 51 patients with 25.73 ± 6.88 years old of age completed the study and their data were analyzed. VAS, SPADI, pain and disability improved more significantly in experiment group compared to control group immediately [-4.63 (-5.58- -3.67) vs. -2.22 (-2.96- -1.47), p<0.001; -23.08 (-28.63- -17.53) vs. -13.04 (-17.93- -8.16), p=0.008; -26.00 (-31.71- -20.29) vs. -16.35 (-23.39- -9.31), p=0.034 and -21.25 (-29.11- -13.39) vs. -10.98 (-17.53- -4.43), p=0.042, respectively] and one month after beginning of treatment [-5.58 (-6.45- -4.72) vs. -3.61 (-4.60- -2.62), p<0.001; -33.43 (-40.85- -26.01) vs. -20.03 (-26.00- -14.07), p=0.001; --42.83 (-49.09- -36.57) vs. -25.57 (-33.92- -17.21), p<0.001 and -27.55 (-36.19- -15.94) vs. -16.58 (-24.48- -8.67), p=0.041, respectively]. Active abduction ROM was also improved more significantly immediately after treatment in experiment group compared to control group [25.83 (11.45- 40.13) vs. 10.17 (1.02- 19.15), p=0.025], however there were no significant differences between two groups concerning other measured ROMs immediately and one month after treatment (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Acromioclavicular mobilization along with conventional physical therapy was more efficient in decreasing pain and disability and improving active abduction ROM compared to physical therapy in patients with FS. These findings would suggest a new therapeutic method for shoulder disorders with pain and disability.Trial registrationwww.irct.ir, IRCT20100605004104N7, registered 06.01.2019 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/35900)
Synthesis of a New Phosphorus/Nitrogen Durable Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Li Jinfeng , Jiang Wei , Liu Maolin
Published: June 2021

Phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant ammonium three phosphoric acid glycerol ester (FR) with reactive -P-O−NH4+ groups was synthesized from glycerol, phosphoric acid and urea. At high temperature, the -P-O−NH4+ group in FR is decomposed into -P-O−H+ group. Under the action of catalyst dicyandiamide, -P-O−H+ forms phosphonic anhydride. Phosphonic anhydride can dehydrate and condense with the hydroxyl group on the 6-position carbon atom in the glucose ring of cotton fiber, forming a firm P-O-C bond, thus fixing FR molecule firmlyon cotton fiber. XRD suggested that the finishing process only slightly affected the cotton fiber structure and the surface morphology, elemental composition of char residues in cotton fabrics were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Confirmed that FR was grafted well with slight damage to the cotton structure. When the treated cotton with 25.3% weight gain(WG) in FR, the treated cotton has self extinguishing property and passed UL-94 vertical burning V-0 classification, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was improved from 17.0–40.5%, and the LOI can still reach 30.9% after 50 laundering cycles, the cone calorimetry(CONE) analysis indicated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the treated cotton was reduced from 190.3 kW/m2 to 17.9 kW/m2, and the total heat release (THR) was reduced from 2.8 MJ/m2 to 1.8 MJ/m2, The thermogravimetric(TG) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that the addition of FR inhibited the initial thermal degradation temperature of the treated cotton under heating conditions, and TG showed that the initial thermal degradation temperature of treated cotton in nitrogen and air was 225.9 ℃ and 221.8 ℃, respectively, which was lower than that of untreated cotton. The mechanical properties are in the usable range, which showed that treated cotton have excellent flame retardancy, durability and good flexibility.
WITHDRAWN: Cardioprotective Effects of Metformin in Ovariectomized Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Saied Nashwa , Abd-Rabo Marwa Mokhtar
Published: June 2021

The current study used a human-equivalent therapeutic dose of metformin to address cardioprotective properties of the drug in ovariectomized rats. Sixty adult female rats were divided equally into four groups. Animals in Group 1 were sham-operated (n = 15), and rats in Groups 2–4 (n = 45) were ovariectomized. After one month, animals Groups 3 and 4 were treated with E2 (100µg/kg, i.m., every other day, n = 15) and MF, (100 mg/kg/day orally, n = 15), respectively. These treatments continued for one month. Ovariectomized rats (Group 2) showed significant elevation in serum heart enzyme markers. MF-treated animals (Group4) showed a superior response to treatment compared to E2 treated rats (Group 3) in restoring enzyme levels of CK-MB and LDH toward control levels. Compared to Group 2 animals, MF and E2-treated rats showed a significant decrease in serum angiotensin II, cardiac MDA, and NOx levels and a significant increase in cardiac CAT activity and Total antioxidant capacity. Group 2 animals showed dyslipidemia. MF treatment renormalized lipid profile markers, but E2 treatment did not induce a significant effect. Group 2 animals also showed significant elevation in proinflammatory markers. Both MF and E2 treatment significantly decrease levels of TNF-α and IL-6. A focus on cardiac dysfunction markers, dyslipidemia and cardiac oxidative insult allowed the demonstration that MF is superior to E2 for attenuating cardiotoxicity. Further, MF and estradiol are similar in their ability to mitigate inflammation.
Patient and Carer Experience of Nutrition Care Throughout and Beyond Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer: a Qualitative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hiatt Joanne , Young Adrienne , Brown Teresa , Banks Merrilyn , Bauer Judy
Published: June 2021

Nutrition care plays a critical role in optimising outcomes for patients receiving treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), with carers playing an important role in supporting patients to maintain nutrition intake. This study explores patient and carer experience of nutrition care from diagnosis of HNC to one-year post treatment completion to identify areas for improvement of service delivery. A longitudinal qualitative study design was used with a heterogeneous sample of 20 patients and 15 carers of patients undergoing curative intent treatment for HNC. Interviews conducted at four time points provided a total of 117 interview datasets that were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis based on Gadamerian hermeneutic inquiry. Patient and carer experiences were reflected in two primary themes; 1) the battle to maintain control, and 2) navigating the road ahead. This research identifies the need to co-design strategies to improve nutrition care that is inclusive of patients and carers.
Provision of Physical Activity Advice for Patients with Chronic Diseases in Shenzhen, China
Authors: HU Rui , HUI Stanley Sai-chuen , LEE Eric Kam-pui , Stoutenberg Mark , WONG Samuel Yeung-shan , YANG Yi-jian
Published: June 2021

Background: Physical activity (PA) may best be promoted to patients during clinical consultations. Few studies investigated the practice of PA advice given by physicians, especially in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contents of PA advice given by physicians in China and its association with patients’ characteristics. Methods: Face-to-face questionnaire asking the prevalence and contents of PA advice given by physicians was administered to adult patients in three major hospitals in Shenzhen, China. Attitude of compliance, stature, PA level, and socio-demographic information were also collected. Data was analyzed via descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 454 eligible patients (Age: 47.0 ± 14.4 years), only 19.2% (n = 87) reported receiving PA advice, whereas 21.8%, 23.0%, 32.2%, and 55.2% of patients received advices on PA frequency, duration, intensity, and type, respectively. Male patients were more likely to receive PA advice from physicians [odds ratio (OR): 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-3.21], whereas patients who were unemployed (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04-0.67), and who already achieved adequate amount of PA (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.70) were less likely to receive PA advice. Conclusions: Prevalence of physicians providing physical activity advice to patients is low, there is a pressing need to take intervention measures to educate healthcare providers.
Variation and Stability in Agronomic Traits Among Geographic Groups of Traditional Landraces Grown Under High Yielding Conditions
Authors: Hoebe Peter , Terrazas Rodrigo Alegria , Hoad Stephen , Topp Kairsty
Published: June 2021

Future crop production needs to deliver increased yields with less agronomic inputs in the face of increasingly variable climate, which is predicted to result in greater seasonal variation in production. To support more sustainable production, new crop varieties need to have increased resilience in their agronomic traits to cope with fluctuation in growing conditions. We investigated the breadth of phenotypic expression in yield related agronomic traits among groups of European barley landrace from different geographic origin and Harlan composite cross populations grown under a common high yield test protocol. Stability of agronomic traits and yield were assessed for each group across environments and years. There were significant differences in thousand grain weight (TGW), seeds per ear and shoot production (tillering) among landrace groups and between 2 or 6 rowed ear habit. Modern cultivars and, to a lesser extent, Harlan populations had significantly more stable TGW than other groups. Traits most strongly associated with yield stability in 2 rowed landraces were TGW and tillering, whilst in 6 rowed landraces tillering, ear length and plant height were associated with stable yield. Absence of significant difference in agronomic trait stability among landrace groups was attributed to high phenotypic variation within groups. We conclude that phenotypic variation and stability in agronomic traits among barley landraces could be exploited for enhancing resilience in future crop breeding.
Spatio-temporal Evolution Analysis of Rainfall Erosivity During 1901-2017 in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Yanlin , He Yi , Zhang Yaru , Jia Liping
Published: June 2021

Rainfall erosivity is regarded as one of the main factors affected soil erosion. Based on the 117 a monthly precipitation data of Beijing from 1901 to 2017, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Beijing were analyzed by using Theil-Sen median analysis (Sen) and the Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test, R/S analysis method, cumulative anomaly method , MK mutation test method, Pettitt test, and wavelet analysis. The results showed that the average annual rainfall erosivity in Beijing ranged from 1080.6 to 6432.78 MJ • mm / (hm2 • h • a), with an average value of 3465.06 MJ • mm / (hm2 • h • a), showing a gradual decrease from southeast to northwest. In the seasonal distribution, 86% of rainfall erosivity was mainly concentrated in summer. In the past 117 years, the annual rainfall erosivity in most areas of Beijing had shown a downward trend, but its future trend also showed an increasing trend, indicating that Beijing, especially the northern part, was facing greater potential pressure of soil erosion. Through the cross validation of various methods, the abrupt change interval of rainfall erosivity in Beijing from 1901 to 2017 was from 1994 to 1997. The change of rainfall erosivity in Beijing has strong oscillation in 32 years and small periodic change in 15 and 7 years. The results will provide decision-making basis for soil erosion control and water/soil conservation planning. Additionally, they will be benefited to ensure the national agricultural and food security.
Performance Evaluation of Novel M25 Green Concrete with GGBS, DRS and RCA Material–A Study Employing Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chinnaiyan Prakash , Kumar Ananth , Chandrasekar BharathKrishna Anuradha , Sasi Malavika , Landu Tejashwi
Published: June 2021

Global push for sustainability is increasing rapidly and countries are trying their best to become self-sustainable. Achieving a closed loop system in an industrial production has become a major objective in order to achieve self-sustainability and thus reducing the carbon footprint. Key aspect of a closed loop system includes reusing the byproducts and waste materials for a more productive process rather than dumping up in a landfill. In this study, waste and used materials like ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) up to 50%, dolomite rock sand (DRS) up to 30% and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) up to 30% were chosen as replacement for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively for the making of novel M25 grade green concrete. Concrete properties viz., slump, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were tested and corresponding regression models were developed. The developed models were used to obtain optimum percentage addition of GGBS (> 20%), DRS (> 9%) and RCA (< 17%) for achieving M25 grade strength. Further an increase of GGBS to 50%, DRS to 30% and with elimination of RCA, the compressive strength increased by 59% (39.7 MPa), Split tensile increased by 23% (4.3 MPa) and flexural strength increased by 19% (4.2 MPa) in comparison to M25 concrete. The study found that the waste materials can be sustainably used to prepare novel M25 green concrete which achieved higher strength than conventional concrete, thus reducing the cost of concrete and with reduced carbon footprint on the environment.
Optical Transition Rates in a Cylindrical Quantum Wire with Parabolic and Inverse Parabolic Electric Confining Potentials in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Tshipa Moletlanyi , Masale Monkami
Published: June 2021

Electron transition rates due to interaction with circularly polarized light incident along the axis of a free-standing solid cylindrical nanowire are evaluated in the dipole approximation. The electric confinement potential of the nanowire is modeled as a superposition of two parts, in general, of different strengths; viz; parabolic and inverse parabolic in the radial distance. Additional confinement of the charge carriers is through the vector potential of the axial applied magnetic field. In systems with cylindrical symmetry, the electronic states are in part characterized by azimuthal quantum numbers: m=0, ±1, ±2,..., which in the absence of the axial applied magnetic field are doubly degenerate. In the dipole approximation and for circularly polarized light the selection rules are such that optical transitions are allowed between electronic states whose azimuthal quantum numbers differ by unity. Transition rates are characterized by peaks whenever the energy of the incident electromagnetic radiation matches transition energies for states between which transitions occur. The parabolic potential blue shifts peak of transition rates while the inverse parabolic potential redshifts the peaks. Results also indicate that transition rates are higher in nanowires of smaller radii. The homogeneous magnetic field lifts the double-degeneracies of electrons with opposite angular momenta, which leads to the emergence of two branches of the transition rates.