bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural and natural-like polyphenol compounds: in vitro antioxidant activity and potential for therapeutic application
Authors: Brboric Jasmina , Klisic Aleksandra , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Delogu Giovanna , Gjorgieva Ackova Darinka , Kostic Kristina , Antonietta Dettori Maria , Fabbri Davide , Carta Paola , Saso Luciano
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Phenols are a large family of natural and synthetic compounds with known antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to preform an in vitro screening of natural and natural-like phenol monomers and their C2-symetric dimers (hydroxylated biphenyls) in order to identify those representatives which pharmacophores have the strongest antioxidant and the lowest prooxidant activity.

Material and methods

Antioxidative properties of 36 compounds (monomers and their C2-symmetric dimers) were evaluated in vitro. Different (red/ox) assays were used to measure their total oxidative potential (TOP), their total antioxidative capacity (TAC), the pro-oxidative-antioxidant balance (PAB) and total SH-group content (SHG) in a biologically relevant environment. The Pro-oxidative Score, Antioxidative Score and the Oxy Score were also calculated. Trolox, a water soluble analogue of α-tocopherol was used as a positive control.

Results

In an assay consisting of pooled human serum 6 of the 36 compounds indicated significant antioxidant activity (compounds 6, 7, 12, 13, 26, and 27) whereas 4 indicated extremely weak antioxidant activity (compounds 2, 29, 30, and 31). Within the 36 compounds comprising of zingerone, dehydrozingerone, aurone, chalcone, magnolol derivatives, in both monomeric and dimeric forms, the 2 compounds that indicated the highest antioxidant activity were dehydrozingerone derivatives (compounds 6 and 12). Trolox’s activity was found between the strong and weak antioxidant compounds analysed in our study.

Conclusions

In this study selected dehydrozingerones were identified as good candidates for in-depth testing of their biological behaviour and for possible precursors for the synthesis of novel polyphenolic molecules with potential therapeutic applications.
DEAF AND HEARING BASKETBALL NATIONAL TEAMS AT THE 2019 WORLD
CHAMPIONSHIPS: DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF GAME-RELATED STATISTICS BETWEEN
THE WINNING AND THE DEFEATED
Authors: Szulc Adam Michał , Sandurska Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to identify the situational factors of a game which (a) might affect the victory or defeat in the game; (b) were common for matches played in a tournament for the hearing or deaf, including matches won or lost. The analysis included 37 matches of national deaf teams (5th World Deaf Basketball Championships, Poland) and 92 matches of national hearing teams (18th Basketball World Cup, China). During both tournaments, the matches played were divided into won and lost. We also presented analyses concerning 31 game situational variables related to the performance of national basketball teams at both events. All situational variables were subject to statistical analysis, including calculation of their means and standard
deviations, and determination of minimum and maximum. Discriminant analysis was performed, too. The analyses showed no statistically significant differences in almost all game aspects between matches won by deaf and hearing basketball players. Statistically significant differences in situational variables were observed between matches won during the 5th World Deaf Basketball Championships and matches lost during the 18th Basketball World Cup. The discriminant analysis allowed to determine the situational variables that affected the winning or losing of a game: missed shots for 2 or 3 points, free throws, defensive and offensive rebounds, as well as assists, steals, and turnovers. A classification matrix indicated 21 results of direct match competitions
achieved by deaf teams (winning and losing), which allowed to qualify these teams as hearing ones in terms of the values of game situational variables. Literature analysis revealed lack of scientific reports on deaf sport.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN SELECTED PARAMETERS OF FOOT ARCHING IN CHILDREN
BETWEEN 5 AND 9 YEARS OLD
Authors: Kinga Łabęcka Marta , Górniak Krystyna , Lichota Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

The foot is an important element of the locomotor apparatus and performs a number of functions in our body. Abnormalities in its shape can affect everyday functioning. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the proper development of the feet in children. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of changes in selected parameters of foot development in younger children of school age. The study involved 70 children. The
observations were conducted twice in the same children, aged 5 and 9 years. Their feet were examined using a podoscope. Clarke's method was used to assess the longitudinal arch of the feet, and the Wejsflog length-width index for assessing the transverse arch. In addition, parameters such as the length and width of the foot, the
position of the big toe, the little toe and the back of the heel were analysed. Longer and wider feet were characteristic of boys. As the children became older, the longitudinal arch of the feet fell, while only girls showed a slight improvement in the lateral arch of the foot. There was a high rate of flat feet. The children examined, who were aged 5 and 9 years, had a correctly positioned toe and heel, while there was varus of the little toe.
The length-width dimensions of the feet changed significantly over time. Girls and boys differed significantly in the values of the Clarke's angle defining the longitudinal arch of the feet, while no significant differences in the lateral arch of the feet were noted. With age, there was no change in the position of the toe, toe and heel.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISOKINETIC STRENGTH AND JUMP PERFORMANCE IN ELITE
FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Uslu Serdar , Abazović Ensar , Mahmutović Indira , Riza Barak
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between knee extensor and flexor muscles strength and vertical jump in professional female volleyball players. Forty-one female volleyball players participated in this study. Isokinetic PT and was measured at 60°/s, whilst CMJ performance using a force plate. The participants were later divided to WG (weaker group - PT/BW<2) and SG (stronger group - PT/BW>2). Isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion PT was significantly correlated with CMJ performance. However, higher correlation coefficients were obtained at the non-dominant leg. No significant differences were found but mere trend favoring non-dominant leg muscles in the weaker group. Strong positive correlation exists between isokinetic knee PT and CMJ height in professional female volleyball players. When divided and compared to WG
and SG the results indicate weaker players tend to modify their technique individually and towards unilaterality as so they could maximize their performance.
EFFECTIVE BATON EXCHANGE IN THE 4X100 M RELAY RACE
Authors: Zarębska Ewa A. , Kusy Krzysztof , Włodarczyk Michał , Osik Tadeusz , Zieliński Jacek
Published: April 2021

Baton exchange effectiveness and speed are essential to performance in sprint relay races, often deciding team victory. An effective baton exchange requires athletes to complete it while at full speed, both by the incoming and the outgoing athlete. Our research aimed to determine the relationship between baton exchange time and
the point in the exchange zone where the handoff is completed. The study was carried out among Polish national team sprinters (n=27), competing in the 4x100 m relays. We analyzed 168 men’s and 62 women’s baton exchanges across the annual training cycle. In a 30-meter track segment corresponding to the baton exchange zone, we measured the time the baton spent in this segment (exchange time, ET), using the Brower Timing
Systems (TC-System, USA), and the exact point of the baton handoff in this zone (handoff point, HP). To show the relationship between ET and HP, we performed a linear regression analysis. We have found that the further the HP the shorter the ET. This dependence is more evident in women (r=-0.66, r2=0.44 for 1st and 3rd exchanges, and r=-0.72, r2=0.52 for 2nd exchange; both P<0.001) than in men (r=-0.45, r2=0.20 and r=-0.68, r2=0.46; both P<0.001, respectively). The results suggest that the further the baton exchange takes place in the exchange zone (longer HP distance) the more effective the exchange (shorter ET). However, the coefficient of determination ranging (r2=0.20-0.52) indicates that HP explains at most 50% of the ET, and other factors
should be taken into account. Nonetheless, the measuring technique proposed by us can provide coaches with additional data on baton exchange effectiveness and athletes' speed abilities.
GAP ANALYSIS BETWEEN CURRENT AND DESIRED SITUATION OF THE FACTORS
AFFECTING THE MANAGEMENT OF AMBUSH MARKETING RISKS IN MAJOR SPORTING
EVENTS
Authors: Kamalian Zohreh , Fallah Zynalabedin , Bahlakeh Taher , Askari Asra
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the gap between the current and optimal status of ambush marketing risk management in major sporting events. The research method was descriptive-causal comparative. The statistical population was all people who had the experience of leading sports caravans and being a member of the executive board for holding major sporting events. From them 160 people (by available-random method) were selected as a sample. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of factors affecting the management of risks arising from ambush marketing, which was set in two parts: the current situation and the desired situation. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by
professors and sports experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Frequency table, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data at the level of descriptive statistics. Due to the normality of data distribution, correlated t-test was used to compare the current situation of marketing management in ambush with the expected limit and paired t-test was used to analyze the gap between the current and desired status in a significant way (α = 0.05). The results showed that among the factors related to the management of marketing risks lurking in sporting events, cultural factors, spectator factors, rule factors, sport event management factors and media factors were lower than expected (average) and factors related to sports marketing, factors related to sporting events and factors related to sporting event sponsors were higher than expected. Analysis of the gap between the current and optimal status of ambush marketing risk management showed that in terms of professors, elites and organizers
of sporting events, the situation of all aspects of ambush marketing risk management in sporting events is relatively weak.
Influenza in COVID-19 pandemic, epidemiological characteristics, approaches to vaccination
Authors: Краснова Е.И. , Карпович Г.С. , Проворова В.В. , Шестаков А.Е. , Казакова Ю.В.
Published: April 2021

Грипп – острая высококонтагиозная респираторная инфекция, вызываемая преимущественно вирусами гриппа А, В и С. Грипп имеет особое значение среди других инфекционных болезней в связи с высокой вирулентностью возбудителя, способностью к пандемическому распространению. Однако на современном этапе регистрируются серьезнейшие изменения в эпидемическом процессе гриппа. Ведущее значение в этих процессах принадлежит продолжающейся пандемии COVID-19, а также иным мероприятиям, напрямую связанным с указанной пандемией. В приведенной статье освещается современная эпидемиологическая характеристика гриппозной инфекции в период пандемии COVID-19, рассматриваются вероятные причины развития подобных изменений, подходы к вакцинации от гриппозной инфекции. Массовая иммунизация против гриппа, внедряемая по рекомендациям ВОЗ, продемонстрировала убедительные результаты: применение гриппозных вакцин позволило снизить риск заболеваемости здорового населения на 70-90%. Более того, вакцинация пожилых людей уменьшает количество тяжелых заболеваний и осложнений на 60% и случаев смерти – на 80%. Данный метод борьбы с гриппом приоритетен и в России.

Influenza is an acute highly contagious respiratory infection, caused mainly by influenza A, B and C viruses. Influenza is of particular importance among other infectious diseases, due to the high virulence of the pathogen, widespread distribution, and the ability to spread pandemic. However, at the present stage, serious changes are registered in the epidemic process of influenza. The leading in these processes undoubtedly belongs to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to other events directly related to this pandemic. This article highlights the current epidemiological characteristics of influenza infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, and considers the likely reasons for the development of such changes. Mass immunization against influenza, introduced according to WHO recommendations, has demonstrated convincing results: the use of influenza vaccines has reduced the risk of morbidity in healthy populations by 70-90%. Moreover, vaccination of the elderly reduces the number of serious illnesses and complications by 60% and deaths by 80%. This method of fighting influenza is also a priority in Russia.
Measurement report: Methane (CH4) sources in Krakow, Poland: insights from isotope analysis
Authors: Menoud Malika , van der Veen Carina , Necki Jaroslaw , Bartyzel Jakub , Szénási Barbara , Stanisavljević Mila , Pison Isabelle , Bousquet Philippe , Röckmann Thomas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions from human activities are a threat to the resilience of our current climate system, and to the adherence of the Paris Agreement goals. The stable isotopic composition of methane (δ13C and δ2H) allows to distinguish between the different CH4 origins. A significant part of the European CH4 emissions, 3.6 % in 2018, comes from coal extraction in Poland; the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) being the main hotspot. Measurements of CH4 mole fraction (χ(CH4)), δ13C and δ2H in CH4 in ambient air were performed continuously during 6 months in 2018 and 2019 at Krakow, Poland, 50 km east of the USCB. In addition, air samples were collected during parallel mobile campaigns, from multiple CH4 sources in the footprint area of the continuous measurements. The resulting isotopic signatures from sampled plumes allowed us to distinguish between natural gas leaks, coal mine fugitive emissions, landfill and sewage, and ruminants. The use of δ2H in CH4 is crucial to distinguish the fossil fuel emissions in the case of Krakow, because their relatively depleted δ13C values overlap with the ones of microbial sources. The observed χ(CH4) time series showed regular daily night-time accumulations, sometimes combined with irregular pollution events during the day. The isotopic signatures of each peak were obtained using the Keeling plot method, and generally fall in the range of thermogenic CH4 formation – with δ13C between −55.3 and −39.4 ‰ V-PDB, and δ2H between −285 and −124 ‰ V-SMOW. They compare well with the signatures measured for gas leaks in Krakow and USCB mines. The CHIMERE transport model was used to compute the CH4 and isotopic composition time series in Krakow, based on two emission inventories. The χ(CH4) are generally under-estimated in the model. The simulated isotopic source signatures, obtained with Keeling plots on each simulated peak using the EDGAR v5.0 inventory, indicate that a higher contribution from fuel combustion sources in EDGAR would lead to a better agreement. The isotopic mismatches between model and observations are mainly caused by uncertainties in the assigned isotopic signatures for each source category, and the way they are classified in the inventory. These uncertainties are larger for emissions close to the study site, which are more heterogenous than the ones advected from the USCB coal mines. Our isotope approach proves to be very sensitive in this region, thus helping to evaluate emission estimates.
Reactions of NO3 with Aromatic Aldehydes: Gas Phase Kinetics and Insights into the Mechanism of the Reaction
Authors: Ren Yangang , Zhou Li , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Daële Véronique , Idir Mahmoud , Brown Steven S. , Ruscic Branko , Paton Robert S. , McGillen Max R. , Ravishankara Akkihebbal R.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Rate coefficients for the reaction of NO3 radicals with a series of aromatic aldehydes were measured in a 7300 liter simulation chamber at ambient temperature and pressure by relative and absolute methods. The rate coefficients for benzaldehyde (BA), ortho-tolualdehyde (O-TA), meta-tolualdehyde (M-TA), para-tolualdehyde (P-TA), 2,4-dimethyl benzaldehyde (2,4-DMBA), 2,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (2,5-DMBA) and 3,5-dimethyl benzaldehyde (3,5-DMBA) were: k1 = 2.6 ± 0.3, k2 = 8.8 ± 0.8, k3 = 4.8 ± 0.5, k4 = 4.9 ± 0.5, k5 = 15.1 ± 1.4, k6 = 12.7 ± 1.2 and k7 = 6.2 ± 0.6, respectively, in the units of 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 ± 2 K. The rate coefficient k13 for the reaction of the NO3 radical with deuterated benzaldehyde (benzaldehyde-d1) was found to be half that of k1. The end product of the reaction with an excess of NOx was measured to be C6H5C(O)O2NO2. Theoretical calculations of aldehydic bond energies and reaction pathways indicate that NO3 radical reacts with aromatic aldehydes through the abstraction of aldehydic hydrogen atom. The atmospheric implications of the measured rate coefficients are briefly discussed.
Using a network of temperature lidars to identify temperature biases in the upper stratosphere in ECMWF reanalyses
Authors: Marlton Graeme , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Harrison Giles , Polichtchouk Inna , Hauchecorne Alain , Keckhut Philippe , Wing Robin , Leblanc Thierry , Steinbrecht Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To advance our understanding of the stratosphere, high-quality observational datasets of the stratosphere are needed. It is commonplace that reanalysis datasets are used to conduct stratospheric studies. However, the accuracy of these reanalyses at these heights is hard to infer due to a lack of in situ measurements. Satellite measurements provide one source of temperature information. As some satellite information is already assimilated into reanalyses, the direct comparison of satellite temperatures to the reanalysis is not truly independent. Stratospheric lidars use Rayleigh scattering to measure density in the middle and upper atmosphere, allowing temperature profiles to be derived for altitudes from 30 km (where Mie scattering due to stratospheric aerosols becomes negligible) to 80–90 km (where the signal-to-noise ratio begins to drop rapidly). The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) contains several lidars at different latitudes that have measured atmospheric temperatures since the 1970s, resulting in a long-running upper-stratospheric temperature dataset. These temperature datasets are useful for validating reanalysis datasets in the stratosphere, as they are not assimilated into reanalyses. Here, stratospheric temperature data from lidars in the Northern Hemisphere between 1990–2017 were compared with the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses. To give confidence to any bias found, temperature data from NASA's EOS Microwave Limb Sounder were also compared to ERA-Interim and ERA5 at points over the lidar sites. In ERA-Interim a cold bias of −3 to −4 K between 10 and 1 hPa was found when compared to both measurement systems. Comparisons with ERA5 found a small bias of magnitude 1 K which varies between cold and warm bias with height between 10 and 1 hPa, indicating a good thermal representation of the middle atmosphere up to 1 hPa. A further comparison was undertaken looking at the temperature bias by year to see the effects of the assimilation of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) satellite data and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate GPS Radio Occultation (COSMIC GPSRO) data on stratospheric temperatures within the aforementioned ERA analyses. It was found that ERA5 was sensitive to the introduction of COSMIC GPSRO in 2007 with the reduction of the cold bias above 1 hPa. In addition to this, the introduction of AMSU-A data caused variations in the temperature bias between 1–10 hPa between 1997–2008.
Reviews and syntheses: Enhancing research and monitoring of land-to-atmosphere greenhouse gases exchange in developing countries
Authors: Kim Dong-Gill , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Ryu Youngryel , Seo Bumsuk , Papale Dario
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) research has traditionally required data collection and analysis using advanced and often expensive instruments, complex and proprietary software, and skilled technicians. Partly as a result, relatively little GHG research has been conducted in resource-constrained developing countries and a critical data gap exists in these regions. At the same time, these are the same countries and regions in which climate-change impacts will likely be strongest, and in which major science uncertainties are centered, given the importance of dryland and tropical systems to the global carbon cycle and climate. Increasingly, scientific communities have adopted appropriate technology and approach (AT&A) for GHG research, including low-cost and low-technology instruments, open source software and data, and participatory and networking-based research approaches. Adopting AT&A can mean acquiring data with fewer technical constraints and lower economic burden, and is thus a strategy for enhancing GHG research in developing countries. However, AT&A can be characterized by higher uncertainties; these can often be mitigated by carefully designing experimental set-up, providing clear protocols for data collection, and monitoring and validating the quality of obtained data. For implementing this approach in GHG research of developing countries, first, it is necessary to recognize the scientific and moral importance of AT&A. At the same time, new AT&A techniques should be identified and further developed. Finally, these processes should be promoted through training local staff and encouraged for wide use and further innovation in developing countries.
The importance of turbulent ocean-sea ice nutrient exchanges for simulation of ice algal biomass and production with CICE6.1 and Icepack 1.2
Authors: Duarte Pedro , Assmy Philipp , Campbell Karley , Sundfjord Arild
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Different sea-ice models apply unique approaches in the computation of nutrient diffusion between the ocean and the ice bottom, which are generally decoupled from the calculation of turbulent momentum and heat flux. Often, a simple molecular diffusion formulation is used. We argue that nutrient transfer from the ocean to sea ice should be as consistent as possible with momentum and heat transfer, since all these fluxes respond to varying forcing in a similar fashion. We hypothesize that biogeochemical models which do not consider such turbulent nutrient exchanges between the ocean and the sea-ice underestimate bottom-ice algal production. The Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE + Icepack) was used to test this hypothesis by comparing simulations with molecular and turbulent diffusion of nutrients into the bottom of sea ice, implemented in a way that is consistent with turbulent momentum and heat exchanges. Simulation results support the hypothesis, showing a significant enhancement of ice algal production and biomass when nutrient limitation was relieved by bottom-ice turbulent exchange. Our results emphasize the potentially critical role of turbulent exchanges to sea ice algal blooms, and the importance of thus properly representing them in biogeochemical models. The relevance of this becomes even more apparent considering ongoing trends in the Arctic Ocean, with a predictable shift from light to nutrient limited growth of ice algae earlier in the spring, as the sea ice becomes more fractured and thinner with a larger fraction of young ice with thin snow cover.
Integrating macroseismic intensity distributions by a probabilistic approach: an application in Italy
Authors: Antonucci Andrea , Rovida Andrea , D'Amico Vera , Albarello Dario
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The geographic distribution of earthquake effects quantified in terms of macroseismic intensities, the so-called macroseismic field, provides basic information for several scopes including source characterization of pre-instrumental earthquakes and risk analysis. Macroseismic fields of past earthquakes as inferred from historical documentation may present spatial gaps, due to the incompleteness of the available information. We present a probabilistic approach aimed at integrating incomplete intensity distributions by considering the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by Intensity Prediction Equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties and the discrete and ordinal nature of intensity data. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories, and for two well-known strong earthquakes (i.e., 1980 Southern Italy and 2009 Central Italy events). A possible application of the approach is also illustrated relative to a sixteenth century earthquake in Northern Apennines.
Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy)
Authors: Zampieri Dario , Vannoli Paola , Burrato Pierfrancesco
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We make a thorough review of geological and seismological data on the long-lived Schio-Vicenza Fault System (SVFS) in northern Italy and present for it a geodynamic and seismotectonic interpretation. The SVFS is a major and high angle structure transverse to the mean trend of the Eastern Southern Alps fold-and-thrust belt, and the knowledge of this structure is deeply rooted in the geological literature and spans for more than a century and a half. The main fault of the SVFS is the Schio-Vicenza Fault (SVF), which has a significant imprint in the landscape across the Eastern Southern Alps and the Veneto-Friuli foreland. The SVF can be divided into a northern segment, extending into the chain north of Schio and mapped up to the Adige Valley, and a southern one, coinciding with the SVF proper. The latter segment borders to the east the Lessini, Berici Mts. and Euganei Hills block, separating this foreland structural high from the Veneto-Friuli foreland, and continues southeastward beneath the recent sediments of the plain via the blind Conselve-Pomposa fault. The structures forming the SVFS have been active with different tectonic phases and different style of faulting at least since the Mesozoic, with a long-term dip-slip component of faulting well defined and, on the contrary, the horizontal component of the movement not well constrained. The SVFS interrupts the continuity of the Eastern Southern Alps thrust fronts in the Veneto sector, suggesting that it played a passive role in controlling the geometry of the active thrust belt and possibly the current distribution of seismic release. As a whole, apart from moderate seismicity along the northern segment and few geological observations along the southern one, there is little evidence to constrain the recent activity of the SVFS. In this context, the SVFS, and specifically its SVF strand, has been referred to as a sinistral strike-slip boundary of the northeastern Adriatic indenter. The review of the historical and instrumental seismicity along the SVFS shows that it does not appear to have generated large earthquakes during the last few hundred years. The moderate seismicity point to a dextral strike-slip activity, which is also corroborated by the field analysis of antithetic Riedel structures of the fault cropping out along the northern segment. Conversely, the southern segment shows geological evidence of sinistral strike-slip activity. The geological and seismological apparently conflicting data can be reconciled considering the faulting style of the southern segment as driven by the indentation of the Adriatic plate, while the opposite style along the northern segment can be explained in a sinistral opening "zipper" model, where intersecting pairs of simultaneously active faults with different sense of shear merge into a single fault system via a zippered section.
Generalized sliding law applied to the surge dynamics of Shisper Glacier and constrained by timeseries correlation of optical satellite images
Authors: Beaud Flavien , Aati Saif , Delaney Ian , Adhikari Surendra , Avouac Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Understanding fast ice flow is key to assess the future of glaciers. Fast ice flow is controlled by sliding at the bed, yet that sliding is poorly understood. A growing number of studies show that the relationship between sliding and basal shear stress transitions from an initially rate-strengthening behavior to a rate-independent or rate-weakening behavior. Studies that have tested a glacier sliding law with data remain rare. Surging glaciers, as we show in this study, can be used as a natural laboratory to inform sliding laws because a single glacier shows extreme velocity variations at a sub-annual timescale. The present study has two parts: (1) we introduce a new workflow to produce velocity maps with a high spatio-temporal resolution from remote sensing data combining Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 and use the results to describe the recent surge of Shisper glacier, and (2) we present a generalized sliding law and provide a first-order assessment of the sliding-law parameters using the remote sensing dataset. The quality and spatio-temporal resolution of the velocity timeseries allow us to identify a gradual amplification of spring speed-up velocities in the two years leading up to the surge that started by the end of 2017. We also find that surface velocity patterns during the surge can be decomposed in three main phases, and each phase appears to be associated with hydraulic changes. Using this dataset, we are able to constrain the sliding law parameter range necessary to encompass the sliding behavior of Shisper glacier, before and during the surge. We document a transition from rate-strengthening to rate-independent or rate-weakening behavior. A range of parameters is probably necessary to describe sliding at a single glacier. The approach used in this study could be applied to many other sites in order to better constrain glacier sliding in various climatic and geographic settings.
NHẬN THỨC CỦA ĐIỀU DƯỠNG VỀ AN TOÀN NGƯỜI BỆNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA XANH PÔN NĂM 2020
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Phương Định , Nguyễn Thị Tuyến
Published: April 2021

Hậu quả của các sự cố y khoa không mong muốn làm tăng gánh nặng bệnh tật, tăng ngày nằm viện trung bình, tăng chi phí điều trị, làm giảm chất lượng chăm sóc y tế và ảnh hưởng đến uy tín, niềm tin đối với cán bộ y tế và cơ sở cung cấp dịch vụ. Đặc biệt, có những sự cố y khoa không được các khoa/phòng hay cá nhân báo cáo mà chỉ được ghi nhận từ những đợt kiểm tra, đánh giá, rà soát hoặc ý kiến thắc mắc của người nhà khi sự cố để lại hậu quả cho dù kém nghiêm trọng hay nghiêm trọng. Những yếu tố nào ảnh hưởng đến an toàn người bệnh tại bệnh viện đang là vấn đề được quan tâm hàng đầu. Tuy nhiên chưa có một nghiên cứu hay bài viết nào có liên quan đến vấn đề nhận thức về an toàn người bệnh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Xanh Pôn bằng bộ câu hỏi văn hóa an toàn người bệnh (dịch sang tiếng Việt và được tổ chức ARHQ công nhận). Vì vậy chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu với mục tiêu mô tả nhận thức của Điều dưỡng về an toàn người bệnh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Xanh Pôn, năm 2020. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Điều dưỡng làm việc tại các khoa lâm sàng của Bệnh viện. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ ý kiến phản hồi tích cực theo các nhóm tiêu chí đạt từ 59,8% đến 91,8%. Tỷ lệ ý kiến tích cực của nhân viên y tế cao nhất là “về sai sót dễ gặp trong cấp phát thuốc tại khoa” là 97,7%. Tiếp theo là tỷ lệ phản hồi tích cực về “về sai sót dễ gặp trong thực hiện thuốc tại khoa” là 91,8%, tỷ lệ phản hồi tích cực về “về nhận thức của người lãnh đạo đối với an toàn người bệnh tại đơn vị” là 88,1%. Vẫn còn tình trạng né tránh khi đề cập tới sai sót qua tỷ lệ ý kiến phản hồi tích cực còn thấp: “về những sai sót dễ gặp trong kê đơn thuốc tại khoa” là 59,8%, tiếp đó là tỷ lệ phản hồi tích cực về “về ý thức ghi nhận những sự cố xảy ra ở khoa phòng” là 61,2% và tỷ lệ “về ý thức báo cáo những sai sót tại đơn vị” là 63,2%. Kết luận: Nhận thức đúng - phản hồi tích cực của điều dưỡng về an toàn người bệnh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Xanh Pôn trong nghiên cứu năm 2020 khá tốt, cho dù còn tình trạng né tránh khi đề cập tới sai sót và ý thức ghi nhận những sự cố xảy ra ở khoa phòng gặp ở gần 40% số điều dưỡng viên.
MỐI TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA BỤI MỊN, ĐIỀU KIỆN THỜI TIẾT VÀ TAI BIẾN MẠCH MÁU NÃO Ở NGƯỜI CAO TUỔI ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI TRÚ TẠI CÁC BỆNH VIỆN Ở THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ NẴNG NĂM 2019
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Khánh Linh , Ngô Văn Toàn , Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Tìm hiểu mối tương quan giữa bụi mịn, điều kiện thời tiết và tai biến mạch máu não (TBMMN) ở người cao tuổi được điều trị nội trú tại các bệnh viện ở Đà Nẵng. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu sử dụng thiết kế nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, sử dụng số liệu hồi cứu năm 2019 và phân tích bằng Stata 14.0. Các biến số được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu bao gồm ngày nhập viện, mã chẩn đoán I61, I63 của mỗi lần nhập viện, tuổi và giới tính của bệnh nhân; điều kiện thời tiết (nhiệt độ, độ ẩm, áp suất không khí, gió) và PM 2.5 của thành phố Đà Nẵng. Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 257 ca bệnh nhập viện do TBMMN. Tỷ lệ nhập viện do TBMMN thể nhồi máu tăng lên khi PM 2.5 và chênh lệch nhiệt độ trong ngày tăng hoặc giảm độ ẩm. Tỷ lệ nhập viện vì TBMMN thể xuất huyết tăng khi chênh lệch nhiệt độ giảm hoặc nhiệt độ tối đa giảm. Kết luận: Mức độ PM 2.5 và điều kiện thời tiết ảnh hưởng đến việc nhập viện do đột quỵ.
CHẤT LƯỢNG CUỘC SỐNG CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYPE 2 TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THÀNH PHỐ VĨNH YÊN, VĨNH PHÚC
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Thắng , Nguyễn Thị Bích Hải , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà
Published: April 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang sử dụng bộ câu hỏi chất lượng cuộc sống người bệnh đái tháo đường châu Á (AsianDQOL) nhằm mục tiêu mô tả chất lượng cuộc sống của 357 người bệnh đái tháo đường type 2 điều trị ngoại trú tại Trung tâm Y tế thành phố Vĩnh Yên, Vĩnh Phúc năm 2018. Kết quả: Tính trên thang điểm 100, điểm chất lượng cuộc sống chung của người bệnh là 62,79 ± 7,69, mức cao nhất là tài chính (82,02±12,2), tiếp đến là sức khỏe tinh thần (81,3±21,13), chế độ ăn (55,73±10,23) và sức khỏe thể chất (45,75±23,64), thấp nhất là mối quan hệ cá nhân (31,26±12,25). Tỷ lệ chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân cao nhất ở mức trung bình khá, tiếp đến là mức trung bình kém và khá tốt, thấp nhất ở mức kém.
AN TOÀN THỰC PHẨM VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN AN TOÀN THỰC PHẨM Ở NƯỚC TA
Authors: Nguyễn Ngọc Trung , Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thủy
Published: April 2021

Bài viết sử dụng số liệu điều tra khảo sát từ thực tế ở bảy tỉnh thành trong cả nước vừa qua để đánh giá liệu các yếu tố trên như nội dung kiểm soát ATTP, khó khăn hay nhận thức của người dân có ảnh hưởng đến mức độ ATTP. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nội dung liên quan đến kiểm soát ATTP ở nước ta có mối quan hệ thuận chiều với mức độ ATTP. Tuy vậy, những khó khăn khi người dân khi lựa chọn thực phẩm không có thấy tác động thuận chiều hay ngược chiều với mức độ ATTP. Khuyến nghị từ bài viết là các nhà quản lí tăng cường cung cấp thông tin, kiến thức về thực phẩm cho người dân thì sẽ làm cho thực phẩm được an toàn hơn.
THỰC TRẠNG CÁC THUỐC SỬ DỤNG TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM LOÉT DẠ DÀY – TÁ TRÀNG
Authors: Bùi Đặng Minh Trí , Đỗ Văn Mãi , Nguyễn Thị Như Huỳnh , Phạm Thu Hằng
Published: April 2021

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát thực trạng sử dụng thuốc điều trị bệnh viêm loét dạ dày - tá tràng của bệnh nhân điều trị ngoại trú tại khoa Nội tiêu hóa Bệnh viện đa khoa Vĩnh Long. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang hồi cứu trên 310 hồ sơ bệnh án của bệnh nhân trên 18 tuổi được chẩn đoán viêm loét dạ dày – tá tràng, điều trị ngoại trú tại khoa Nội, Bệnh viện đa khoa Vĩnh Long từ tháng 11/2019 đến tháng 07/2020. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân sử dụng thuốc PPI trong bệnh viêm loét dạ dày – tá tràng chiếm 95,16%, trong đó Esomeprazol được sử dụng nhiều nhất chiếm 38,39%, rabeprazol chiếm 31,94%, lansoprazol chiếm 11,94%, pantoprazol chiếm 3,87%. Hầu hết các bệnh nhân điều trị đều được dùng kết hợp với thuốc hỗ trợ điều trị bệnh. Nhóm thuốc chống nôn giảm đầy hơi sử dụng với tỷ lệ cao 59,68%, nhóm thuốc bảo vệ niêm mạc chiếm 54,84%. Tác dụng phụ hay gặp nhất ở mức độ nhẹ, với 9,35%. Kết luận: Bệnh nhân được sử dụng thuốc PPI trong bệnh viêm loét dạ dày – tá tràng chiếm 95,16%, ít gặp các tình trạng tương tác thuốc, tác dụng phụ.
Implementation and Study of Sound Control LED Switch
Authors: Lin Wen-Bin , Yarn Kao-Feng
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the sound control application is taken as the research content of this implementation. Finally, the operating principle of the adopted electric circuits and the performance of the proposed device are validated by experimental results. It reveals that the operations of the proposed device coincide with the requirements.

Keywords: Sound control switch, LED, MIC, Verification.
Analysis of the Influence of Infrastructure on Economic Growth in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Sinaga Syamsidar , . Irsad , . Rahmanta
Published: April 2021

The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of road infrastructure, health infrastructure, and government spending in infrastructure on economic growth in North Sumatra Province. In the model equation, economic growth is dependent variable while road infrastructure, health infrastructure and government spending in infrastructure are independent variable. The scope of this research is the district and city in North Sumatra Province, exactly 32 districts/cities from 2015-2019. The analyzing model is the Fixed Effect Model, by using E-views 10 software. The result of the research showed that road infrastructure, health infrastructure, and government spending in infrastructure simultaneously had significant influence on economic growth. Partially road infrastructure had negative and not significant influence on economic growth, health infrastructure had positive and significant influence on economic growth and government spending in infrastructure had positive and not significant influence on economic growth in North Sumatra Province.

Keywords: Road Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure, Government Spending in Infrastructure, Economic Growth.
Assess the Knowledge and Practice among Cardiac Nurses about Patient Safety after Cardiac Catheterization, Tamilnadu
Authors: R Karthi , Joy G Inigo Sherlin , M Jemima
Published: April 2021

Background: Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of several cardiac diseases. It may lead to several major and minor complications which may contribute to morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of complications and proper care is logically tied to taking action to receive prompt treatment and thus minimizing further complications.
Objectives: (i) To find out the level of knowledge and practice level of cardiac nurses related to patient safety after cardiac catheterization. (ii) To find the association between selected demographic variables with level of knowledge and practice of cardiac nurses regarding patient safety after cardiac catheterization.
Method: A survey was conducted in 30 convenient samples with a pre-validated questionnaire and an observational tool was also used in assessing the quality of care provided. The total period of the study was from January to February 2020. The study population was staff nurses from cardiology medical intensive care unit and cardiology medical ward.
Result: The findings shows that in the level of knowledge among 30 samples the level of knowledge frequency and percentages. Adequate 22(73%), moderately adequate 06(20%), inadequate 02(7%). Mean 7.53, standard deviation 1.33. In the level of practice among 30 samples the level of practice frequency and percentages. Good 20(67%), average 08(27%), poor 02(6%). Mean 15.6, standard deviation 3.21. The findings shows that there is a significant association on knowledge level between demographic variables Additional qualification and Total year of experience at p<0.05. In practice there is a significant association on practice level between demographic total year of experience at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The Study concluded that most of the Staff nurses has adequate knowledge and good practice regarding care of patients after cardiac catheterization and there is an association on level of knowledge with demographic variables like additional qualification and total year of experience and in practice there is association with total year of experience.

Keywords: cardiac nurses, patient safety, cardiac catheterization.
Liposome: A Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sawant Ganesh Shankar , Sutar Kiran Vilas , Kanekar Akhil S.
Published: April 2021

Liposome is a spherical sac phospholipid molecule. It encloses a water droplet especially as form artificially to carry drug into tissue membrane.
It is spherical sac vesicle it consists at least one lipid bilayer. Liposomes are mainly development for drug delivery size and size distribution. The process of sonication (extrusion) is required to obtain small size and narrow size distribution of liposome. The main significant role in formulating of potent drug, improve therapeutic effect. Liposome formulation is mainly design in increasing accumulation at the target site, and then resulting effect is targeted to reduce toxicity. There is various method for liposome formulation depending upon lipid drug interaction liposome disposition mechanism- parameters particle size, charge and surface hydration.
Liposome is a nanoparticle (size-100nm). Nanoscale drug delivery system using liposome as well as nanoparticle. This technology is for "Rational delivery of chemotherapeutic" drug treatment of cancer. Liposome is use as to study the cell membrane and cell organelles. The advantages of liposome formation using microfluidic approach for bulk-mixing approaches are discussed.

Keywords: liposome, lipid bilayer, sonication, nanoparticles, particle size, toxicity.
Strategy Development of Regional Credit Guarantee Company
Authors: Akbar Jodi Septiadi , Suroso Arif Imam , Hasbullah Rokhani
Published: April 2021

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) have difficulty obtaining access to bank financing. One of these difficulties is due to the limited collateral as a credit requirement. The government overcomes the problem by forming a credit guarantee company to replace the collateral requirements. One company that runs a credit guarantee business is PT. Jamkrida Riau (Jamkrida Riau). This research aims to: 1) identifying environmental factors that affect the management of internal and external in Jamkrida Riau; 2) analyze alternatives in developing Jamkrida Riau business strategy; 3) priority strategy formulated exact in business development Jamkrida Riau in the future. This study using analysis tools an internal factor evaluation matrix (IFE), external factor evaluation matrix (EFE), Internal-External matrix (IE), SWOT matrix and QSPM matrix. The results showed that an alternative strategy lead in developing its business in sequence was 1) internal risk control in the process of credit guarantee; 2) capacity building capital participation of regional governments or other investors; 3) improve cooperation with other institutions related to credit guarantee; 4) an increase in information technology adaptation; 5) giving assistance to MSME; 6) product development of ensuring that corresponds to focus effort; 7) marketing product development.

Keywords: bank, credit guarantee, micro and small enterprises (MSMEs), MSMEs credit, strategy.
L’utopie bucolique revisitée par l’architecture contemporaine L’exemple du centre commercial Waves Actisud de Moulins-Les-Metz
Authors: Kossaifi Christine
Published: April 2021

Utopia is a blurred concept, multi-faceted and ever changing over time. In the Ancient Graeco-Roman world, it takes the form of a bucolic « bubble » of happiness. Theocritus, a 3rd century B.C. hellenistic poet, shapes it as a triangular relationship between the shepherd, his animals and his gods, in an idyllic nature and conceives it as a metapoetic exploration of literature; Vergilius, when he rewrites bucolic utopia, at the very end of the Republican Rome (37 B.C.), mingles it with the symbolism of Arcadia. Waves Actisud is the first Open Sky Shopping Center, opened in Moulins-lès-Metz, in october 31th, 2014, near the A31 highway. Built by the Phalsbourg Company, it plays upon bucolic utopia, reviving pastoral realities in the mercantile present of the 21th century. This contemporary architectural space works on geometric shapes, the outside and the inside, the light – as recommended by the Light Architecture –, while focusing on human needs and thinking of ecological problems. It was conceived as a soothing “matrix”, a “bubble” of bucolic welfare, and a commercial Arcadia in an urban peripheral zone. In that, it has some characteristics of a Utopia.
Dependences between the magnitude gap of groups and the morphology of two brightest galaxies
Authors: Mahtessian A. P. , Movsisyan V. H. , Mahtessian L. A. , Karapetian G. S.
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the dependencies of the morphological types of the first and second ranked group galaxies on the magnitude gap were studied.
It is shown that there is no increase in the relative number of elliptical galaxies among the first and second ranked group galaxies with large magnitude gaps (in comparison with the expectation, by assuming that the morphological type of these galaxies does not depend on the magnitude gap). This result contradicts the merger hypothesis. The hypothesis proposed by Ambartsumian does not contradict this result.
Activity types of galaxies selected from HRC/BHRC sample
Authors: Paronyan G. M. , Mickaelian A. M. , Abrahamyan H. V. , Mikayelyan G. A.
Published: April 2021

In this study we carry out detailed spectral classification of 123 AGN candidates from the Joint HRC/BHRC sample, which is a combination of HRC (Hamburg-ROSAT Catalogue) and BHRC (Byurakan-Hamburg-ROSAT Catalogue). These objects were revealed as optical counterparts for ROSAT X-ray sources, however spectra for 123 of them are given in SDSS-III, IV without definite spectral classification. We studied these 123 objects using the SDSS spectra and revealed the detailed activity types for them. Three diagnostic diagrams and direct examination of the spectra were used to have more confident classification. We also made identification of these sources in other wavelength ranges and calculated some of their parameters.
On the Connection Between Galaxies with Ultraviolet Excess
Authors: Yeghiazaryan A. A.
Published: April 2021

A possible correlation between the characteristic parameters of physically coupled galaxies with ultraviolet excess is discussed. It is known that for mutually independent combinations the observed number of galactic pairs with Markarian components is greater than expected. It is shown, that the most of nearby Kazarian galaxies with ultraviolet excess form physical systems.
On the correlation between average velocities of galaxies and their average luminosities in the closest large clusters of galaxies
Authors: Harutyunian H. A. , Grigoryan A. M. , Khasawneh A.
Published: April 2021

The evolution of baryonic matter caused by the interaction with the dark energy carrier and its possible influence on the spectral characteristics of atoms are considered. Taking into account the earlier conclusion about the secular growth of mass of atomic nuclei and (perhaps) elementary particles due to interaction with the dark energy carrier, we reach a conclusion that in the course of evolution the spectral series of chemical elements should undergo blueshift. The longer is the evolution path, the higher is blueshift. We show here that galaxies of the two nearest clusters of galaxies exhibit a luminosity-redshift negative correlation which was expected in the frame of this deductive reasonings.