bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actinomycin- Production Assay: A simple Bacteriological Method For Antitumor Activity Screening In Vitro
Authors: Hussein Rajaa A.
Published: August 2023

We present and evaluate the actinomycin-production assay, a bacterial test for detecting DNA-damaging agents as a primary step for detecting the antitumor activity of new synthesized, modified or isolated compounds. It’s a simple  test based on the activity of the agents against actinomycin antibiotic production of Streptomyces antibioticus, bacteria whose value is monitored by the inhibition activity of  E. coli and S. aureus bacterial growth using two standard anticancer drugs cisplatin and flurouracil. In this assay, production of actinomycin antibiotic is measured as a specific indication of the ability of an agents to directly or indirectly damage DNA and that are of potential interest in carcinogenesis and cancer chemotherapy.    Because in vivo tumor test systems using mammalian cell cultures were slow and expensive, we tested a novel cytotoxicity test, simple, sensitive, inexpensive and amenable to large-scale screening using bacteria cultures, as well as, it will offer another practical application in addition to cytotoxicity screening, the assay is used for testing antibacterial of the test compounds.
Diagnostic study of coccidiossis in sheep of AL-Kufa
Authors: Abass Essa Haki Abdul
Published: August 2023

The study were conducted on  the percentage of  infection of coccidiosis in 175 head of sheep in fefferents area of kuff city and evaluate the effects of age ,sex, and , season during the period from the beginning of (December 2010 to end of June 2011). Samples were collected as 94 samples of meal and 81 samples female.    Sifnificant difference were recorded in the percentage infection among the different areas . the highest percent in abbassia and alhurria (85% and 82% ) while the lowest in city center and albarakia ( 76.3% and 73% )the results revealed that the overall percentage of infecting was 78.71% and higher prevalence rates were recorded in sheep less than 7 mouths of age 84.2% the result show differed significantly among different months , the highest percentage was on January and February ( 85.5% and 89.20% ) respectively.
Comparison between Cinnamoum cassia and Ocimum basilicum on some Biochemical and blood tests Rats
Authors: Diab Dina Saadoun
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to compare the effect of Cinnamoum with basil on some biochemical and blood tests in adult rats.    Twenty one adult males used in this experimental  divided into three equal groups:Control group (c) : which was  given normal water and food.Treatment Group (F): which was given Cinnamoum with water  orally (8 g/ kg / B. W.) for 6 weeks.Treatment with basil (L): which was given aqueous extraction of basil orally  (2 ml / kg / B. W.) for 6 weeks.    Blood samples were taken direct from the heart in 2 , 4 , 6 weeks from experimental design to measure WBCs, Hb , Glucose  , Cholesterol.The results of this study  have appears that the  Cinnamoum and basil play roles in decrease Glucose  , Cholesterol of blood and necessary for diabetic disease and increase in WBCs, Hb.Keys: White blood cells (WBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), Cholesterol, Glucose.
An evaluation of neurotoxic effect of metronidazole in rabbits
Authors: Al shibani Wisam Hussein , Ghelab Khalil Gazar , Naji Hala Abbas
Published: August 2023

The present study was undertaken to assess the neurotoxic effect of metronidazole in rabbits .Eighteen rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups ,first group was injected with metronidazole at the therapeutic dose 20 mg/kg.B.W. , second group was injected with metronidazole at double therapeutic dose where as the last group serve as a control .Each animal in all groups was administered  intraperitoneally twice daily for (20) days .    The evaluations markers have used in this study were monitering of clinical symptoms and determination of histopathological changes in brain and sciatic nerve. The careful observation of clinical signs ,reflexes (patellar ,cross extensor ,and  papillary light) and certain responses (pupil size ,nystagmus and  a menance response) in first and second group showed a remarkable nervous system dysfunction has improved by histopathological examination of brain and sciatic nerve .there were sever vacuolation in brain ,where the lesion was characterized by spongiform changes ,and degeneration of the nerve bundles in sciatic nerve were detected in rabbits treated with metronidazole at therapeutic dose ,where as there is degeneration and selective loss of parkinjii cells with sever congestion in brain as well as demylination and degeneration in sciatic nerve in rabbits treated with metronidazole at double therapeutic dose .This study revealed that metronidazole has a neurotoxic effect in rabbits (both centrally and peripherally ) with a severity depended on its dose and duration of administration.
Effects of Achillea Millifolium extract consumption by pregnant mice on pregnancy outcome and reproductive system of their female off spring
Authors: Jawad Al-Imari Mufedah Ali
Published: August 2023

Background: Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) is medicinal plant that is traditionally used against inflammatory and spasmodic gastrointestinal compliant.Objective: To study the effect of the consumption of Achillea extract by pregnant mice on pregnancy out come and on the reproductive system of the female off spring.Materials & Methods: 70 adult pregnant female mice at age of 40-45 days were used in this study. These 70 mice were divided equally into two groups: experimental group (G1) and control group (G2). The experimental group was given 1mg/kg body weight/1ml of D.W of Achillea millefolium extract orally during 3 weeks of pregnancy, while the control group was given 1ml of D.W orally alone and for the same period.    After delivery the number and weight of the litters were recorded. 40 days after delivery, the weight of the female reproductive system was estimated, histological sections were done for the ovaries and oviducts, their diameters were measured, in addition serum was taken from these mice and measurement of FSH, LH and E2 was done for both groups.       Results: The results of the experimental group showed highly significant decrease in litter size and significant decrease their weight. In addition young females born from treated mothers showed significant decrease in the weight of reproductive system, diameter of ovaries and diameter of oviducts. Also, significant decrease was noticed in the level of FSH, LH and Estradiol level in the experimental group.Conclusion: Consuming of Achillea millifolium extract during pregnancy will produce bad effect on the pregnancy out come in addition to bad effect on the reproductive system of the female offspring.
Study the adverse role of histological and oxidative effects of ginger (Zingiberaceae) and cadmium chloride in liver tissue of rabbits
Authors: Al-Ameer H. A.
Published: August 2023

In this study, was investigate the ability of Ginger to adversely histological and physiology effect of cadmium in the liver tissue of rabbit, Ginger is source of antioxidants was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of cadmium (cd). Twenty four male rabbits were randomized into 3 groups (n = 8), were used for this study. Animals in group (1) served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Animals in groups (2) were drinking2% cadmium chloride. Group (3)  animals  were,  in  addition  to  drinking  cadmium,  treated  with  250  mg/kg of  ginger.  All treatments were for 12 weeks.    The results showed that cadmium caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in plasma superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma malondialdehyde concentration with histological changes in liver cell such as necrosis, hemorrhage with aggregation of some toxic spot as (black spot),protein cast with epithelial cell in group 3 comparison with control and other group  ,  using ginger cause to modified these harmful effects. These findings lead to the conclusion that ginger significantly decreased (p<0.05) the adverse toxic harmful effects of cadmium exposure on the liver as oxidative stress.
Effect of sodium nitrate on sexual behavior of adult male rats
Authors: H. Al-babily E. O. , H. AL-kassim N. A.
Published: August 2023

Study examined the impact of treatment adult male rats with sodium nitrate orally ,two doses( 100 and 200 mg/kg of the body weight ) and two short-term (one and two days) as well as long-term ( 30 days ) on sexual behavior of rats which include (the mounting, intermission and ejaculation) and three periods before the treatment (the first period zero).and the second period (days) and the third period (two days) and the fourth period(30 days)after treatment with nitrates .The results indicate that the treatment with sodium nitrate (100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight ) lead to significant improvement (P≤0.05)of each of the mounting , intermission  and ejaculation .after the second and third period of treatment when compared with the control group ,while the treatment with  sodium nitrate for along time (the fourth period 30 days)lead  to  significant  decreases (P≤0.05) in the characteristic of sexual behavior of mounting ,intermission and ejaculation  compared with  the  control  group.    The conclusion of this study indicate that the dose of sodium nitrate (200 mg/kg of the body weight) have higher influence on asexual behavior of the dose (100 mg/kg of the body weight) after short- term treatment .
Isolation of Candida sp. from sub-clinical mastitic she-camels
Authors: Abdulkadhim Mohammed H.
Published: August 2023

The prescent study was aimed to detect the fungal sub-clinical mastitic she-camels & determined the factors that influenced on it, (7.3)% was the percent of Candida sp. Infection & these was restricted on the age (11-15) years, which increased significantly (P<0.01) when compared  with (5-7) years,  Also the results was showed significant increase (P<0.05) of infection during the period of lactation (0-4) months comparable with (>4-8) & same as during (>4-8) & (>8-12) months while the different  was,nt significant (P>0.05) between (0-4) & (>8-12) months.
Bacterial flora isolated from genital tract of cows submitted for artificial insemination in Balad district
Authors: Kather Nooralden Yassin , Hasan A. SH. , Dawood Wedad Salih , Mohammed Salah Noori
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted at the Veterinary Clinic for Artificial Insemination and Genital Diseases in Balad district for the period from 1st. January/2011 to 30th. June/2011. Vaginal aspirates were collected from vaginal fornix of cows during the estrus cycle attending the clinic for artificial insemination using frozen semen. A total of 90 cows were included, 60 of which were multiparous and 30 cows were heifers.  The aspirate materials were streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Bacterial isolation and identification was based on standard bacteriological criteria.    The study revealed that S. aureus was the most frequently isolated from heifers (36.7%), followed by E.coli (30.0%) and proteus spp. (6.7%). Whereas, 8 (26.6%) were culture negative. In multiparous cows, the highest bacterial isolates were E. coli (38.3%), and S. aureus (20.0%). Mixed bacterial growth was found in 40% of multiparous cows and 5 (8.3%) were culture negative. Multiparous cows with five previous deliveries had highest isolation rate (32.7%).
Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from gallbladder of sheep and cattle in slaughterhouse of Najaf
Authors: K. Al-Ali Hamza G. , Alrodhan Mohsen A. , Almohana Ali M.
Published: August 2023

Listeria monocytogenes is the etiologic agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne disease. The presence of L. monocytogenes in gallbladder explained that ability of the organism to survive and resistance the bile salt effect. The aim of this study was undertaken to explore the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in gallbladder of cattle and sheep. Three hundred gallbladder samples were collected randomly from sheep and cattle and screened for the presence of L. monocytogenes by using International Dairy Federation (IDF) protocol. The isolates were confirmed by API- Listeria system and the presence of haemolysin (hly) gene. A total of 8 (2.7%) Listeria spp were recovered in 6 (4.0%) samples of sheep and 2 (1.3%) samples of cattle. The isolates were identified to the level of species and it was found that all isolates belonged to L. monocytogenes. The isolates were obtained separately during the study period, the frequency of L. monocytogenes positive gallbladder samples tend to occur during cold months of the year. All isolates gave positive results with Hly specific primers. The present study concluded that the gallbladders of cattle and sheep may play a role in meat contamination and establishment of human infections.
Histology of ovine placenta during gestation periods
Authors: Shalal M. S. , Mohammed T. R. , Majeed A. F.
Published: August 2023

Placetomes were collected from 93 pregnant slaughtered Ewes  at different  gestation periods , from AL.Falluja slaughter house during the periods from 2, Jully 2009 to 30, December ,2010 . Tissue specimens for microscopic examination were taken from the centers of the sampled placentomes .Immediately following collection ,the samples were fixed in 10% bufferd neutral formalin for 24 h .Tissue specimens were dehydrated in a graded series of alcohol , cleared by xylol and embded in paraffin .Histologic section were cut at 3-4 µm thickness ,Stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) (6).The period of gestation were measured according to Richardson (7) with aquation of x =2.1(Y+17) as x= gestation period in day and Y=the crown Rump
 Histologic examination during early pregnancy (30 – 40 d) Showed a pronounced BNC with anumbe of nuclei with in each cellular boundary in the uterine epithelium indicates that possible fusions are restricted , It is also there is an increase in blood vascularity. At 40 – 50 d of pregnancy, there was a further increase in caruncular vascularity by 2-fold characterized by increase capillary number and 2 to 3 – fold increase in capillary diameter. Endometrial gland hyperplasia showed during this period . Then placentomes showed grow in number and size until 8oth day. It was shown that the BNCS of the trophoblast increase in size, in polarity and in the number of their cytoplasmic granules as pregnancy advanced.
An evaluation of different vaccine models to protect mice from visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Taher Jasim Hameed
Published: August 2023

A soluble cocktail vaccine was  prepared from sonicated promastigotes of five Iraqi Leishmania isolates with some adjuvants (BCG and Alum), was used experimentally to protect Balb/c mice against visceral leishmaniasis. Groups of  mice were immunized with a soluble cocktail of antigens given in 75 μg /0.1 ml of phosphate buffer saline with booster at different  intervals. Full protection was observed when mice were challenged one month post vaccination ; the challenged mice were rechallenged after six weeks. At the eighth week post challenge, the results exhibited complete  resistance to the rechallenge (no parasites in culture media or impression smears of liver and spleen were noticed). A long run follow-up was performed. Five of the twelve vaccinated mice developed infection, which resolved by 16 weeks. Significant cellular and humoral response (Delayed hypersensitivity, Immunoglobulin  levels, Lymphocyte subsets, Cytokine levels, Eosinophil cationic protein and Macrophages migration inhibition) to Leishmania donovani were demonstrated in all of the groups that were  subjected to 75 μg of antigens. Protein bands of crude antigens of  Leishmania  isolates by SDS - PAGE and Western blotting and the specific protein bands for leishmanial cocktail was determined to be 18 k Da. Results of vaccination with 75 μg antigens and booster doses revealed that immunization against L.donovani could be a practical method of protection from visceral leishmaniasis.
الكشف عن الأنواع الجرثومية المتواجدة في اسماك السمنان كبير الرأس (القشاش Albornus capito) من مياه نهر الخازر
Authors: حمد محمد علي , اسحق فنار ابلحد , محمد بيداء غانم
Published: August 2023

تضمنت هذه الدراسة الكشف عن الانواع الجرثومية المتواجدة في 35 سمكة من اسماك القشاش في مياه نهر الخازر. اخذت مسحات من الغلاصم وقطع من الأعضاء الداخلية (الكبد، الأمعاء) ووضعت في مرق الثيوكلايكوليت (الزرع اللاهوائي) ومرق نقيع المخ والقلب (زرع هوائي) وحضنت بدرجة حرارة 37°م لمدة 24 ساعة. زرعت العينات بعد ذلك بطريقتين وهما زرع هوائي (على أوساط اكار الدم، اكار الماكونكي، واكار الملح وسكر المانتول) و حضنت بدرجة حرارة 37°م لمدة 24 ساعة، وزرع لاهوائي حيث وضعت عينات مرق الثيوكلايكوليت في حمام مائي بدرجة حرارة 80°م لمدة 10 دقائق، ثم تركت لتبرد ونميت بعد ذلك على وسط المطثيات ووسط SFP للكشف عن الجراثيم اللاهوائية. أظهرت نتائج الزرع الهوائي عزل أنواع جرثومية عديدة من اسماك القشاش والتي شملت على 249 عزلة جرثومية، وكانت جراثيم الوتديات (Corynebacterium) بأعلى نسبة بين هذه الجراثيم، ثم جراثيم المكورات العنقودية الذهبية (Staphylococcus aureus)، العصيات (Bacillus spp.)، المتقلبات (Proteus)، الايرومونس هيدروفيلا (Aeromonas hydrophila)، المكورات المعوية (Enterococci)، الايشريكيا القولونية (E. coli)، الكليبسيلا الرئوية (Klebsiella pneum-onia)، المكورات العنقودية البيضاء (Staphylococcus albus)، الاكتينومايسز (Actino-myces)، و اخيراً المكورات العنقودية الجلدية (Staphylococcus epidermidis ). بينما لم تظهر نتائج الزرع اللاهوائي عزل أي نوع من الجراثيم اللاهوائية.
The effect of experimentally induced vitamin E and selenium deficiency on Creatine Kinase (CK) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activities in Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs
Authors: Abood H. K. , H. Judi A. M. , AL-Ani A. A.
Published: August 2023

Experimental induction of  vitamin E and selenium deficiency by deficient diet was carried out on Awassi ewes and their newborn lambs to study the effect of the deficiency on serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK) and Aspartate Aminotransferse (AST).    Fourteen animals in the deficient group and 7 animals in the control group were used. Results showed increased Creatine Kinase (CK) levels reaching (2070.51 ± 22.22 U/L) and  (2756.52 ± 20.79 U/L) in deficient groups of ewes and lambs respectively compared with control groups in which levels reached (211.07 ± 2.23 U/L) and (292.52 ± 1.20 U/L) respectively.Results showed increased Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) levels reaching (143.71± 4.28 U/L) and  (145.40 ± 7.94 U/L) in deficient groups of ewes and lambs respectively compared with control groups in which levels reached (69.14 ± 2.78 U/L) and (72.85 ± 2.33 U/L) respectively.
Detection of extended spectrum-beta lactamase enzymes producing E. coli that isolated from urine
Authors: Al-salamy Adnan kreem
Published: August 2023

The production of extended-spectrum- β lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism for resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins. ESBLs represent a major group of lactamases enzymes that mostly produced by gram-negative bacteria, so the detection of these enzymes are very important for optimal patients care. The present study was done to detect extended spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli among urinary tract infected patients. A total of 223 urine  samples were examined for presence of E. coli and those producing ESBL enzymes. Urine samples were cultured for aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing carried out by using Kirby-Baur agar diffusion method. Coli were tested for ESBLs on Mueller-Hinton agar by both modified double disk ( MDDT ) and phenotypic confirmatory test. E. coli was the most common bacteria isolated from urine 104 ( 44.2 ).78 E. coli isolated from urine are tested for ESBL production and it was found that 30 ( 38.4 ) were MDDT positive and 27 phenotypic confirmatory test positive. Three strain E. coli were MDDT positive but negative by phenotypic confirmatory. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed that  E. coli isolated were totally resist ( 100% ) to ampicillin, moxicillin,and trimethoprim but maximum susceptible to imipenem  ( 100% ) and variable resistant to another antibiotics. The ESBLs producing E. coli are highly resist to different types of antibiotics , especially third generation cephalosporins.
Tick distribution and infestation among sheep and cattle in Baghdad’s south suburb
Authors: Hasson Raad Hammodi
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in Aldoura region south Baghdad from January to December 2010  ; out of 284 animals , only 79 were infested ( 23 cattle and 56 sheep) . The total tick prevalence was 27.8% ( 19.7% and  8.1% for sheep and cattle respectively ) . Ticks predilection sites were more prevalent on cattle's udder (41%) and sheep's ear and tail  (38%) . The high number of infestation was  in May and July months respectively. 521 ticks were collected and  3 genera ( Hyalomma 70%, Rhipicephalus 25% and Boophilus 5% ) were recorded from April to October months of the year . The total tick index found 1.84 . 13 species were identified; H. anatolicum anatolicum had highest tick index 0.54  among all ticks, followed by H. anatolicum excavatum, H. asiaticum asiaticum , H. marginatum marginatum , Hyalomma marginatum turanicum, Hyalomma detritum ; Rhipicephalus turanicus  was  highest tick index of  Rhipicephalus genus ,then R. bursa, R. sanguineus ; B. annulatus was higher indexed than B. kohlsi among Boophilus genus; lowest index were found to Hyalomma spp. and B. kohlsi . Ticks spp. monthly distribution was significant (p.<0.001) . B. kohlsi , firstly record in Baghdad region and from sheep host. Given data might be aid in control ticks and minimize public and veterinary infections .
A comparative study of the effect of Asacol and the ethanolic extracts of Matricaria chamomilla and Terminalia chebula on induced ulcerative colitis in rabbits
Authors: Sabeeh Al-Hussaini Jinan Abdul-Amir , Latif Al-Hussaini Ahmed Dhahir , Abd Aleem Hussein
Published: August 2023

Twenty four local rabbits were used in this study separated into four groups. Ulcerative colitis (UC) was induced in all rabbits by rectal administration of 5% glacial acetic acid-30% ethanol (GAA 5%). Animals in the control group were orally (p.o) administered with distilled water, group 2 was administered with Asacol at a dose of 800 mg/kg BW/day p.o., where as group 3 was given ethanolic extract of Chamomile at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW/day p.o, and finally; the rabbits of group four were received 1000 mg/kg BW/day p.o of ethanolic extract of Haritaki.    Each of the above agents was administered two days prior to induction of UC (as a single daily dose), the day of induction, and a dose 22 hours post-induction (i.e., 2 hours prior to sacrificing of the animal). The effects were observed as changes in the serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium), changes in haematological aspects including; Total white blood cell count (total WBC), lymphocytes count, Red blood cell count (RBC), Blood haemoglobin (HGB), and Packed cell volume (PCV%). Besides the examination of gross and histopathological changes of the colon segments for all the tested rabbits.    In conclusion, GAA 5%-induced colitis in rabbits is preferred for testing the anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effectiveness of new therapeutic modalities. Asacol showed high potent anti-inflammatory and protective effect against ulceration and inflammation of colon. As well as, ethanolic extracts of both Chamomile and Haritaki have an accepted prophylactic activity against GAA 5%-induced colitis in rabbits through correction of the changed electrolytes, haematological parameters and histopathological signs.
Prevalence and Bacterial Etiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Al Sulaimaniyah District
Authors: Hussein Suha A.
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive data regarding subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are essential for implementation of an appropriate control programs for this economically significant disease Such data are unavailable in Al Sulaimaniyah district in Iraqi Kurdistan Region, therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, bacterial causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibility of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in this district.  A total of 288 milk samples obtained from 72 dairy cows in 5 different regions in Al Sulaimaniyah district were investigated for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). Milk samples with positive results to CMT were subjected to bacteriological analysis.    Out of the 72 cows tested, 28 (38.89%) showed positive results for subclinical mastitis, of which, 15 were Holstein-Friesian cows, 4 were native cows and 9 were crossbred cows. Regarding age susceptibility, 7 infected cows were 2-4 years old and the other 21 were 5-7 years old. A total of 62 bacterial isolates were recovered and the biochemical tests revealed these isolates belonging to 8 species. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcucs agalactiae were the most common bacteria followed by Streptococcucs uberis, Streptococcucs dysgalactiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus chromogenes respectively. Antibacterial susceptibility testing showed that the simultaneous use of florfenicol, cephalexin, erythromycin and ampicillin may be useful for the treatment of subclinical mastitis cases in cattle in Al Sulaimaniyah district.
Macroscopic and Morphometric Studies of the Extrapulmonary Primary Bronchi and Lungs of the indigenous adult Male Pigeon (Columba domestica)
Authors: Mahdi AL-Mahmodi Aqeel Mohsin
Published: August 2023

Macroscopical account of the extrapulmonary primary bronchi and lungs in the ten of the indigenous adult male pigeons (Columba domestica) collected from the Diwanyia city markets. It is expect that this work will provide a pivot for future research and subsequent clinical applications as regards the biology of the pigeons. After complete bleeding the target organs recognized then the shape, position, dimensions of each specimen were record. The building units of the pulmonary primary bronchi were C-shaped hyaline cartilages. Medial bronchial wall connecting all cartilages ends together. The mean length of right and left bronchi was (0.76±0.04 cm) (0.64±0.24cm) respectively. Lungs appear as pyramidal-shaped brilliant pink color; extend from the first to the sixth ribs. Each lung contain three surfaces (costal, vertebral, and septal) the dorsal border of the costal surface contain six deep grooves origin by embedded the first to the sixth ribs lead to divided the lung to seven lobes. The mean length of right and left lungs was (3.1± 0.66cm), while the mean width of right and left lungs was (3.1± 0.66cm).
Anatomical and histological investigate of vomeronasal organ (VNO) in Iraqi sheep Alawasi
Authors: Abass Th. A. , Al-Mayahi Masarat S. , Al-Hussany Bahaa F.
Published: August 2023

This work was focused on the vomeronasal organ (VNO) anatomically and histologically in Iraqi sheep. Vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays essential role in the urinary sensation pheromones (sexual scent) which has not been studied extensively. In this study, six samples of the VNO for both sexes, adult were taken from the normal heads of Iraqi sheep Alawasi. The VNO was located in the anterior portion, just in the floor of the nasal septum (ventrolaterally), it is a tubular crescent shape, 6 cmin length and opens cranially in the incisive duct and blinded end caudally at the level of 2nd upper premolar tooth. Histological examination of the VNO was revealed three regions were divided into cranial, middle and caudal. It is encompassed inside a cartilaginous capsule which appeared as U- shape in the cranial region, while in the middle region was a free ends of the U-shape beside separation the narrow cleft dorsally, in the caudal region the cartilage became circular (ring shape) and surrounding the VNO completely, which separated the organ from the respiratory epithelium of nasal cavity. The lumen of VNO appeared in cranial and middle region as a comma shape, while, the caudal region was heart in shape, the border was irregular due to the folding of epithelial mucosa. The lumen of VNO was lined by a sensory medial wall showing the bipolar sensory neuron supporting and basal cells and non-sensory epithelium in the lateral wall was contained the basal cells, ciliated columnar and goblet cells.
Protective Effect of Arabic Gum on liver Injury Experimentally Induced by Gentamycin in Mice
Authors: Al-Kenanny E. R. , Al-Hayaly L. K. , Al-Badrany A. G.
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of Arabic gum (Ag) on hepatotoxicity induced by gentamycin in mice.    Forty adult male Bulb/c mice were used. The animal were divided into four groups (Gs) each group 10 animals. G1 considered as control, G2 treated with gentamycin(40mg/kg/day) for 8 days (i.p.). G3 treated with Ag (10 gm/kg/day) for 8 days administrated orally. Then G4 treated with both gentamycin and Ag for 8 days.    Biochemically, the results showed a significant decrease in levels  of serum ALT and AST in G4 as compared with G2 . Moreover, serum Glutathione (GSH) in G4 also elucidate a significant increasing  in its level, as well as a significant decrease in levels of malondialdihyde (MDA). Histopathologically, liver sections of  animals in G4 revealed an  ameliorative effects of Ag as compared with its compatible tissue sections of  G2. Liver of mice treated with    Ag (G3) showed an apoptosis in hepatocytes.    In conclusion, treatment of hepatotoxicity by Arabic gum , showed melioration in histopathological changes in hepatic tissues in addition to have ability for induction of apoptosis and meliorating liver picture.
Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity of Capparis spinosa (Al-Kabara ) and Aloe vera extracts against Isolates Bacterial Skin Wound Infections in -vitro and in-vivo
Authors: S. Ibrahim Orooba M.
Published: August 2023

The aims of study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the flower extract of Capparis spinosa, gel and leaf extract of Aloe vera were tested against isolated bacterial from skin infection Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Part I, evaluation is done in-vitro by using hole plate method for appearance zone of inhibition. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the C. spinosa was 100% effective against gram positive isolates and 90% activity against gram negative isolates, A. vera leaf was 20% effective against the entire tested gram positive as well as 15% effective against gram-negative isolates. A. vera gel showed 100% activity against gram negative and 74.6% against all tested gram positive isolates. Also it was found that mixture containing of Aloe vera, C. spinosa showed prominent antibacterial activity against gram negative and positive. Part II, evaluation is done in-vivo by study the effectiveness of flower extract of C. spinosa and gel of Aloe vera on the treatment of skin wounds inflamed by S. aureus suspension in rabbit. And from result the mixture can be used in the treatment of sun burns, rashes, burns, purulent wounds and other skin infections.
Epidemiological study of Babesia spp. In stray dogs from Al-Resafa side of Baghdad province
Authors: Fadhil Ali Issa , Kalef Dalia Ahmed
Published: August 2023

These study was conducted (102) Blood sample from stray dogs of different regions from Al-Resafa side of Baghdad province with total percentage 65.68% of Babesia spp. Infection from beginning of July 2011 to January 2012 , there highest rate was 91.66% recorded in Al-sadrea region and the lowest was 50% recorded in Al-showrga region without significant difference (P<0.05) , Fall session recorded the highest infection rate 74.28% , the lowest rate in Winter was 53.84% , the results reveled significant difference(P<0.05) between males and females infection rates in Al-Sadreea region 72.72% , 27.27% respectively while there was no  significant difference (P<0.05) in total infection between males and females that have been recorded 52.23%, 49.25% respectively.
Effect of Betaine on some productive traits of turkey under heat stress
Authors: Al-Shukri A. Y. , Kaab Haider Tuma , Abdulwahab Husam Muhsin
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted at the poultry farm, collage of veterinary, of Kufa included field experimentation which was conducted during the period from 24th of December 2010 to 23th April 2011. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of betaine supplemented to the diet to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress through study of some productive traits of turkey were being exposed to heat stress.    Sixty unsexed one day old chick turkey(Nicholas 300) average weight (58gram). The chicks were reared on a ground throughout two stages: the first stage from one day old to 12 weeks old with no treatment whereas second stage was from 13-16 weeks of age. They were randomly allocated 3 treatment groups, each comprising of 2 replicates of 10  chicks, the treatment containing three betaine levels at 0,1000,1500 mg/kg diet T1,T2 and T3 respectively, birds reared under cyclic high temperature 27-38-27 cilices and relative humidity average 55-60%.1. Birds in T2 have a higher (P<0.05) body weight in average at 16 weeks of age. And the average of  weight gain during the period of 13-16 weeks of age is also higher as compared to other treatments2.  During the period of 13-16 weeks of age, food conversion rate for T2 was best at significant level (P<0.05) compared with other treatment.3. Birds in T2 have a higher (P<0.05)food intake average during the period 13-16 weeks of age as compared with the other treatments.4.Abdomnal fat significantly decreased (p<0.05) while breast muscle ratio and breast meat yield were increased (p<0.01) in T3 as compared with T1 .5. birds in T2 and T3 resulted in significant decrease( P<0.05) in mortality as compared with control treatment.6. Production index (PI) and economic figure (EF) were significantly improved for T2 and T3 compared with the control.
Effect of Supplementing Different Sources and Levels of Omega-3 in Ration on Body Weights of Broilers
Authors: Sahib Ali Mahdi , Al-Hillali Ali Hussein , Al-Khalisy Abbas Fawzy
Published: August 2023

A total of 200 male chicks (Ross 308) were divided randomly at day-old into equal 5 treatments groups (40 birds each treatment), as following: T1/ birds fed basal diet without supplement with omega-3 fatty acids (as control group) while T2, T3, T4 and T5/ birds fed basal diet supplement daily with 0.25 and 0.5% respectively from flaxseed oil and fish oil during experiment period (35 days). Results revealed significant improvement of mean live body weights at age 35 days for T3, T5 and T2 while T4 not appeared  significant difference compared with T1(control group). The present study was carried out to determinate body weights of male broilers when fed on rations contains different sources and levels of omega-3 fatty acids.
A prevalence study of Isospora spp. and Hammondia heydorni in dogs in Al-Muthana province
Authors: Mallah Muhammed Oda.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni oocysts  in feces of dogs . A total of 177 fecal samples were collected from  farm dogs  during  the  period of April -3-2010 to  July 7-2011that their ages ranged between (1-10) years.   Fecal samples were collected from  dogs and examined by direct method (by using Lugol's iodine) and by flotation method(Seathers solution) to detect of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni oocysts . the overall prevalence percent of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni was 61 (34.46% ), out of which  52(29.37%) fecal samples were positive for Isospora spp oocysts ( I.canis 12 (6.77%) and I. ohoensis 40 (22.59%) that the its  measurement of  oocysts were ranged between (25-44 um) x (24-39 um) and (17-24 um) x(16-22 um) respectively. the results showed   in the age groups (4-7) years old were highest rate was 28.57 % , 9.52 % in infection of I.ohoensis and I.canis  respectively , while were highest rate of infection of  H.heydoni was   5.95%   in the age groups (1-4) years old and the lowest rate  was 3.33% in I.canis  and H.heydoni infection  and 6.66 % in I.ohoensis infection   in  age groups (7-10) years , there was  no significant difference (P>0.05). In conclusion, this study has highlighted the prevalence  of Isospora spp and Hammondia heydorni in dogs for the first time in Al-Muthana province.
Hepatoprotective and some haematological parameters effect of Allium ampeloprasum against carbon tetrachloride induced liver toxicity in albino rats
Authors: Nasir Afyaa sabah
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of leek  and to study the effect of its on body weight, liver weight, serum liver function enzymes, serum lipids profile and in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intoxicated rats. Used thirty six male rats were divided into 6 equal groups. One group of rats was fed on basal diet and kept as a negative control while three groups were administrated by CCL4 at a dose of 0.5 ml /kg body weight for induction of acute liver toxicity. The first group of the intoxicated rats was left as a positive control while the others were fed on experimental diets with leek extract at 200,400 mg/kg  and other two groups were gives only 200,400 mg/kg  of leek extract. At the end of experimental period (4 weeks), the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Livers of the sacrificed rats were removed and prepared for histopathological examination. Results showed that treatment effect of leek extract especially at 400 mg/kg in CCL4 -intoxicated rats improved their body weight .Also decreased the levels of liver enzymes,total cholesterol,triglycerides and improved lipid profile. While the doses 200,400 mg/kg of leek extract groups appear normal values of all parameters in this study .Finally histopathological examination revealed alleviation of hepatic lesions caused by CCL4 by increasing the concentration of leek extract used. In conclusion, it was suggested that leek extract  could protect the liver cells from CCL4-induced liver damages perhaps, by its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic from CCL4.
Hydatidosis of Cattle with Secondary Bacterial Invaders
Authors: Ali Saba A. , Dawood Khairy A. , Al- Oumashi Gada B.
Published: August 2023

Speciemens  of hydatid cysts were collected  from infected liver and lung of cattle , multilocullar cysts , different sizes , milky in coulor , some  of  them  superficial  while others embedded  in the parenchyma  of the organs .                                         Bacteria were isolated from liver and lung infected with hydatid cysts in cattle slaughterd in Diwania slaughter house. S.aureus and C.Pyogenes were isolated from  the liver , while Streptococcus spp  and C. pyogenes were isolated from lung hydatid cysts .                                                                                                         Bacterial colonies were identified by culturing on enriched and selective media with various biochemical tests . All bacterial species were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Genta-      mycin While it is resistant to  Carbencillin and  Ampicillin.                                                                                                               Histopathological  study  revealed   the  hydatid cysts in liver and the lung were  surrounded by  fibrous  tissue . Coagulative necrosis were noticed  in liver tissue  while casouse necrosis was  in lung  tissue .
A Survey and Treatment of Ocular Carcinomas in Iraqi Dairy Cows from (1987- 2012)
Authors: Al-Asadi Rahi Nahi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to survey and describe the Iraqi dairy cows  population underwent eye enucleation, referring to possible complications that may be happened, the type and pathomorphological features of ocular neoplastic growths. During a study period of (25) years. A total of (12000), cows were examined. Of these 500 cows (4.17%) of different ages (3 to 12) years sufer from ocular tumors. Some of these  cows were in various pregnancy stages. All animals under investigation were (local and cross breed) and from five dairy farms around Baghdad province.The majority of the cases 174 (34.8%) observed in Alrathwanya. The mostly affected age ranged  between (7-8) years, the number reached 185 (37%). According to the seasons of the year, summer recored the highest number of affections, 260 (52%).The Lesions were present in the right eye 256 cases (51.2% ), in the left eye 244 cases (48.8%). Their were significant differences between non-pregnant, 425 (85%) and pregnant cows, 75 (15%). Using standard procedures, the tumors were excised surgically under the effect of local anesthesia (lidocaine 2%) with or without sedation The major surgical complications  were  hemorrhage in (7%) of the cases. Sewelling of pre-orbital region were observed in (15%). Orbital infections were  noticed in (3%) of the cases. Partial dehiscence of the suture line was happened in (4%) of the treatment cases.Two cases (0.04%), showed transitory serosanguineous or bloody unilateral nasal discharge. Four cases (0.08%)  developed recurrent tumors. Only one pregnant cow was aborted. Two cows were culled, two years post-surgery.  Finally two cows were died from causes not related to surgery. The removal  lesions had a nodular or cauliflower-like appearance and were  varied in size from a few centimeters (12 %) to several centimeters (88%). Over a quarter (25%) of tumor lesions were ulcerated and bled easily.  Microscopical apperances showed (well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma), characterized by formation of keratin pearls appear as red onion-like structures surround by inflammatory cells infiltration. The neoplastic cells showed mitotic figures, some of these cells have nucleus with prominent nucleoli. In conclusion, eye  enucleation will remain an inexpensive, safe and viable treatment option for ocular diseases, in addition it increase the  longevity of the cows within the herd.
The effect of punica shell crushed and water extract on pH of different part of digestive system in boiler chicken when it used for treatment of Coccidioses
Authors: Mualla Afaf Abdul-Razak
Published: August 2023

This study was done in one field of chicken to conducted the effect of  crushed and water extract of punica shell on pH of different parts of digestive system in boiler chicken, type Harberd as treatment of Coccidiosis.300 chick feed on same based diet without anticoccidial. the chick divided into three groups, at 8days of age the 1st group was given crushed of punica shell with meal by concentration of 0.0062 while the second group was given with drinking water extract of substance with same concentration, and the third group left as control group. the clinical sign was observed to insure that there were no natural infection. then the following parameter was done %mortality, lesion score and packed cell volume, total white blood cell, fecal examination of oocysts count, body weight gain, percent of protection calculated and the pH of different part of digestive system. all groups of experiment were challenged at 22 days of age with 50000 mixed live virulent sporulated oocysts of Eimeria(challenged infection). The clinical signs observed during first week of infection and at 28days of age. all parameter above were done.    The result of experiment pointed out that the chick which given the crushed and water extract of punica shell develop resistant against Eimeria species by reduced mortality rate, lesion score, clinical signs, oocysts count, pH of digestive system and elevation of packed cell volume, white blood cell and percent of protection while the weight gain was not affected.
Detection of Theileria spp.in blood samples and estimation of haematological and biochemical changes in sheep in Al-Diwaniya province
Authors: Hameed  Al-Fetly Dhafer Rasheed
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to detection the prevalence of Theileria spp. in sheep in Al-Diwaniya province and assess the hematological and biochemical changes occurred in sheep naturally infected with Theileria spp. Blood samples were collected from (132) sheep from five regions in Al-Diwaniya province. Result revealed that the overall prevalence was (26.51%).Ratios of prevalence were significant differences among different regions, the highest prevalence was (42.85%) in Al-Diwaniya while, the lowest (9.09%) in Sumar.    The clinical signs were recorded in Theileria -infected sheep were enlargement of prescapular lymph nodes, loss of appetite, pale mucous membranes, and congestion of mucous membranes, coughing and diarrhea. In addition, present of ticks on the various parts of infected sheep.  Statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the body temperature of diseased sheep compared with uninfected sheep.  Haematological study revealed that statistically significant decreases(p<0.05) in red blood cell counts, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume with non-significant increase(p<0.05) in white blood cell counts and recorded significant increase(p<0.05) in the MCV and MCH values, while the MCHC value was non significant differences in the infected sheep when compared with uninfected sheep.    The biochemical study revealed that statistically significant decrease(p<0.05) were observed in serum total protein, albumin and non significant increase(p<0.05) were recorded in globulin level, alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and creatinine,  with  significantly increase(p<0.05) in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), cholesterol  and  urea in the  infected sheep when compared with uninfected sheep.
Study the effect of chamomile on hyperlipidaemias in Guinea pigs
Authors: AL-Bayati Ahmed J.
Published: August 2023

In this study used ( 40 ) guinea pigs males Divided into Two 2 group and this Two groups Divided into Two sub groups .    The Effect of 5% aqueous of matricaria chamomile ( 5ml/kg ) on Cholesterol and triglyceride level was studied in normal and  hyperlipidemic guinea pigs .    ( 20 ) guinea pigs food with high Cholesterol and divided into Two groups .    And the ( 20 ) guinea pigs which give food normally and also divided into two group    Group ( A ) of control without treated with chamomiles and group ( B ) control treated with chamomiles . So the group which given  chamomiles ( B ) control and     ( D ) high level of serum Cholesterol . and ( A ) control and group ( C ) high level cholesterol serum do not treated chamomiles .    The group ( B , D ) treated orally 15 days with aqueous extract of chamomile reduced significantly the serum Cholesterol level of the hyperlipidemic guinea pigs when compared with their controls.
Study the effect of Laser rays on the vitablites (protoscolesis) Larveal stages of Echinococus granulosis which infested in the experimental animals (gunia pigs )
Authors: Mohammad Ahmed J.
Published: August 2023

The present study ,we investigate the effect of Laser radiation of wave (325)nanometer (5) minute effect on the viability of  protoscolices the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. When  exposher to different wave of Laser .When increased the time of exposher to the wave there is reduction of violability of protoscolices also the effect of radiation on the development protoscolices in Ginea pig .The present Lethal Dose (LD50) of protoscolices (400) nanometer period(15)minutes.