bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience outstrips the negative effect of caregiver burden on quality of life among parents of children with type 1 diabetes: An Application of Johnson–Neyman Analysis
Authors: Luo Dan , Gu Wei , Bao Ying , Cai Xue , Lu Yanhui , Li Ruxue , Wang Yubing , Li Mingzi
Published: March 2021

Aims and objectives

To determine whether resilience buffers the deleterious consequences of caregiver burden on quality of life among parents of children with type 1 diabetes.

Background

The burden of caring for a child with type 1 diabetes can be a form of stress and damage parents’ quality of life. Resilience is a crucial psychological variable that contributes to individual health in the context of extraordinary challenges. However, no studies in paediatric diabetes have focused on the effects of parent resilience on caregiving burden and quality of life.

Design

This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study with a convenience sample following the STROBE guidelines.

Methods

A total of 227 parents were invited to participate during the children's routine outpatient visit. Parents completed measures of resilience, caregiver burden and quality of life. The disease characteristics of children were extracted from the electronic medical records. We performed hierarchical multiple regression and Johnson–Neyman statistical analysis to probe the moderating effect of resilience.

Results

The parents reported poorer mental and physical health as compared with the general population. Caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with parents’ quality of life, while resilience demonstrated a positive correlation with life quality. Resilience served as a moderator between caregiver burden and mental health. When parents experienced a high caregiver burden, the benefit of high resilience for better mental health was apparent.

Conclusions

The present study underscores the protective role of resilience in reducing caregiving burden and improving parents’ quality of life.

Relevance to clinical practice

Regular psychosocial assessment for parents of children with type 1 diabetes should be incorporated into clinical nursing practice. This study confirms that resilience is a promising intervention target for parents with heavy caregiver burden and unsatisfactory life quality.
The construction of social reality as a process of representational naturalization. The case of the social representation of drugs
Authors: Negura Lilian , Plante Nathalie
Published: March 2021

This theoretical paper explores the role of social representations in the construction of social reality. Even though this question has been the subject of many debates, the actual processes and mechanisms through which social representations contribute to the construction of social reality have rarely been explored. Citing key works on the topic, the paper explores the role of the genesis of social representations in this process. Each stage of the objectification of social representations (selective construction, structuring schematization, and naturalization) is examined in detail. A more in‐depth analysis of the naturalization process is provided by dividing it into four phases: (1) recognition; (2) elimination of contradictions; (3) instrumental use; and (4) validation through experience. These phases are illustrated using the example of the construction of the social object of drugs in our contemporary society. The present examination of the naturalization process in relation to drugs reveals the mechanisms through which the reality of drugs as a social problem has been constructed and reproduced in our society.
Molecular mechanisms of local adaptation for salt‐tolerance in a treefrog
Authors: Albecker Molly A. , Stuckert Adam M. M. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , McCoy Michael W.
Published: March 2021

Salinization is a global phenomenon affecting ecosystems and forcing freshwater organisms to deal with increasing levels of ionic stress. However, our understanding of mechanisms that permit salt tolerance in amphibians is limited. This study investigates mechanisms of salt tolerance in locally adapted, coastal populations of a treefrog,Hylacinerea. Using a common garden experiment, we (i) determine the extent that environment (i.e., embryonic and larval saltwater exposure) or genotype (i.e., coastal vs. inland) affects developmental benchmarks and transcriptome expression, and (ii) identify genes that may underpin differences in saltwater tolerance. Differences in gene expression, survival, and plasma osmolality were most strongly associated with genotype. Population genetic analyses on expressed genes also delineated coastal and inland groups based on genetic similarity. Coastal populations differentially expressed osmoregulatory genes including ion transporters (atp1b1,atp6V1g2,slc26a), cellular adhesion components (cdh26,cldn1,gjb3,ocln), and cytoskeletal components (odc1‐a,tgm3). Several of these genes are the same genes expressed by euryhaline fish after exposure to freshwater, which is a novel finding for North American amphibians and suggests that these genes may be associated with local salinity adaptation. Coastal populations also highly expressed glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (gpd1), which indicates they use glycerol as a compatible osmolyte to reduce water loss – another mechanism of saltwater tolerance previously unknown in frogs. These data signify thatHylacinereainhabiting coastal, brackish wetlands have evolved a salt‐tolerant ecotype, and highlights novel candidate pathways that can lead to salt tolerance in freshwater organisms facing habitat salinization.
Going with the flow: How corals in high‐flow environments can beat the heat
Authors: Fifer James , Bentlage Bastian , Lemer Sarah , Fujimura Atsushi G. , Sweet Michael , Raymundo Laurie J.
Published: March 2021

Coral reefs are experiencing unprecedented declines in health on a global scale leading to severe reductions in coral cover. One major cause of this decline is increasing sea surface temperature. However, conspecific colonies separated by even small spatial distances appear to show varying responses to this global stressor. One factor contributing to differential responses to heat stress is variability in the coral's micro‐environment, such as the amount of water flow a coral experiences. High flow provides corals with a variety of health benefits, including heat stress mitigation. Here, we investigate how water flow affects coral gene expression and provides resilience to increasing temperatures. We examined host and photosymbiont gene expression of Acropora cf. pulchra colonies in discrete in situ flow environments during a natural bleaching event. In addition, we conducted controlled ex situ tank experiments where we exposed A. cf. pulchra to different flow regimes and acute heat stress. Notably, we observed distinct flow‐driven transcriptomic signatures related to energy expenditure, growth, heterotrophy and a healthy coral host–photosymbiont relationship. We also observed disparate transcriptomic responses during bleaching recovery between the high‐ and low‐flow sites. Additionally, corals exposed to high flow showed “frontloading” of specific heat‐stress‐related genes such as heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, genes involved in apoptosis regulation, innate immunity and cell adhesion. We posit that frontloading is a result of increased oxidative metabolism generated by the increased water movement. Gene frontloading may at least partially explain the observation that colonies in high‐flow environments show higher survival and/or faster recovery in response to bleaching events.
The relationship between surgical intensive care unit nurses' patient safety culture and adverse events
Authors: Yesilyaprak Tugce , Demir Korkmaz Fatma
Published: March 2021

Background

Adverse events are often encountered in surgical intensive care units (ICUs), and most of them occur due to preventable errors. Establishment of a patient safety culture is recommended for preventing and reducing these errors.

Aims

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between surgical ICU nurses' patient safety culture and adverse events.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study.

Methods

The study was performed in the surgical ICUs of four university hospitals in Izmir province, Turkey and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by an Ethics Committee. The sample comprised 113 nurses working in the surgical ICUs of the hospitals between November 2018 and February 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire that comprised a demographic form, adverse events form, and patient safety culture hospital questionnaire. Student's t test, one‐way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. P values <.05 were considered significant.

Results

At the end of the study, nurses' level of patient safety culture was found to be intermediate (65.5%), with the highest average positive response rate (PRR) obtained for teamwork within the units (65.5%) and the lowest average PRR obtained for the frequency of adverse event reporting (25.3%). There was a significant correlation between patient safety culture and adverse events (r = 0.027, P < .05).

Conclusions

Surgical ICUs nurses' level of patient safety culture was average, and there was a significant correlation between patient safety culture and adverse events.

Relevance to clinical practice

Managers should establish a reliable system for reporting adverse events and encourage ICU nurses to report them. It is very important to adopt a non‐punitive approach at instances when an adverse event is reported.
Chicago Classification update (v4.0): Technical review of high‐resolution manometry metrics for EGJ barrier function
Authors: Kahrilas Peter J. , Mittal Ravinder K. , Bor Serhat , Kohn Geoffrey P. , Lenglinger Johannes , Mittal Sumeet K. , Pandolfino John E. , Serra Jordi , Tatum Roger , Yadlapati Rena
Published: March 2021

Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) barrier function is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Impaired EGJ barrier function leads to excessive distal esophageal acid exposure or, in severe cases, esophagitis. Hence, proposed high‐resolution manometry (HRM) metrics assessing EGJ integrity are clinically important and were a focus of the Chicago Classification (CC) working group for inclusion in CC v4.0. However, the EGJ is a complex sphincter comprised of both crural diaphragm (CD) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) component, each of which is subject to independent physiological control mechanisms and pathophysiology. No single metric can capture all attributes of EGJ barrier function. The working group considered several potential metrics of EGJ integrity including LES‐CD separation, the EGJ contractile integral (EGJ‐CI), the respiratory inversion point (RIP), and intragastric pressure. Strong recommendations were made regarding LES‐CD separation as indicative of hiatus hernia, although the numerical threshold for defining hiatal hernia was not agreed upon. There was no agreement on the significance of the RIP, only that it could localize either above the LES or between the LES and CD in cases of hiatus hernia. There was agreement on how to measure the EGJ‐CI and that it should be referenced to gastric pressure in units of mmHg cm, but the numerical threshold indicative of a hypotensive EGJ varied widely among reports and was not agreed upon. Intragastric pressure was endorsed as an important metric worthy of further study but there was no agreement on a numerical threshold indicative of abdominal obesity.
Is Migration a Learned Behavior? Understanding the Impact of Past Migration on Future Migration
Authors: Bernard Aude , Perales Francisco
Published: March 2021

Despite growing efforts to conceptualize residential mobility and migration as long‐term trajectories, because of methodological challenges and the lack of adequate data, most empirical studies have resorted to examining year‐to‐year changes in place of residence. As a result, the impact of past migration experiences on future migration behavior remains poorly understood. To shed light on time interdependencies in individual migration trajectories, this paper examines associations between past moves and subsequent migration behavior from birth to age 50, distinguishing between (i) intraregional mobility, interregional migration and international migration and (ii) return and onward moves. By applying multinominal regression models to retrospective life history data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we demonstrate that the decision to migrate at a particular point in time is embedded within a wider migration history that started in childhood. However, we also find that the effect of past moves diminishes as individuals progress in their migration career. These findings hold for intraregional, interregional and international moves. Altogether, these findings lend support to our theoretical proposition that migration is a learned behavior and highlight the importance of accounting for time interdependency in individuals’ migration trajectories.
Management of infants born to mothers with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the delivery room: A tentative proposal 2020
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Isayama Tetsuya , Sugiura Takahiro , Kusakawa Isao , Kamei Yoshimasa , Ibara Satoshi , Tamura Masanori ,   Neonatal Resuscitation Committee, Japan Society of Perinatal, Neonatal Medicine
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide within a short period, and there is still no sign of an end to the pandemic. Management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected pregnant women at the time of delivery presents a unique challenge. To fulfill the goal of providing adequate management of such women and their infants, and to decrease the risk of exposure of the healthcare providers, tentative guidelines are needed until more evidence is collected. Practical preventative action is required that takes into account the following infection routes: (i) aerosol transmission from mothers to healthcare providers, (ii) horizontal transmission to healthcare providers from infants infected by their mothers, and (iii) horizontal transmission from mothers to infants. To develop standard operating procedures, briefings/training simulations should be carried out, taking into account the latest information. Briefings should be carefully conducted to clarify the role and procedures. Healthcare providers should wear personal protective equipment. If it is physically possible, neonatal resuscitation should be performed in a separate area next to the delivery room. If a separate area is not available, the infant warmer should be placed at least 2 m away from the delivery table, or partitioned off in the same room. A minimum number of skilled personnel should participate in resuscitation using the latest neonatal resuscitation algorithms.
Accelerated innovation through repurposing: exaptation of design and manufacturing in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Wei , Beltagui Ahmad , Ye Songhe
Published: March 2021

As the COVID‐19 pandemic spread across the globe in the first quarter of 2020, demand for specialised equipment in hospitals soared. As a result, firms from a variety of sectors repurposed their design and manufacturing to create new products in days. By examining 80 cases of this accelerated innovation, the research investigates how a shared purpose drives change in the innovation process. It applies the lens of exaptation – the discovery of unintended functions for technologies – to explain how product complexity and ecosystem structure affect accelerated innovation in this context. The research extends the application of exaption to manufacturing as well as product design; it identifies a relationship between complexity, exaptation and ecosystems. The research suggests that the ability to exapt design and manufacturing can determine a firm’s ecosystem role. These results lead to implications for theory and for practice, during the response to and recovery from the crisis.
Bryozoan‐rich stromatolites (bryostromatolites) from the Silurian of Gotland and their relation to climate‐related perturbations of the global carbon cycle
Authors: Claussen Anna Lene , Munnecke Axel , Ernst Andrej
Published: March 2021

Bryozoan–stromatolite associations (bryostromatolites) formed conspicuous reef structures throughout the Sheinwoodian (Wenlock) to Ludfordian (Ludlow) stratigraphy on Gotland but have not been described so far. They are mainly composed of encrusting bryozoans forming a complex intergrowth with porostromate and spongiostromate microbes and are different from the abundant stromatoporoid–coral–algal reefs with respect to their composition. In the bryostromatolite different growth stages can be identified. The observed succession can be taken as evidence for cyclic environmental changes during reef formation. Stenohaline reef‐dwelling organisms, such as echinoderms, sponges, corals and trilobites, indicate fully marine salinities. Ten localities exposing bryostromatolites were discovered. Individual bryostromatolites are small with few decimetres up to one metre in size, and occur solely in shallow marine areas. Common features of these reefs on Gotland are cauliflower‐like growth, a high bryozoan diversity, a high abundance of phosphatic fossils and components such as bryozoan pearls and inarticulate phosphatic brachiopods, enhanced bioerosion,Palaeomicrocodiumcrusts, vadose silt and gypsum pseudomorphs. The high abundance ofPalaeomicrocodium, as well as the alternation with other crust‐forming contributors, suggest that it could have been formed directly at the palaeo‐sea surface, probably in times of minor but high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Vadose silt and pseudomorphs after gypsum in reef cavities indicate subaerial exposure shortly after reef growth. The high amount of phosphatic components indicates a high nutrient input, probably by dust. All bryostromatolites were formed in times of strongly elevated δ13C values. The unusual combination of sedimentological and palaeoecological features, as well as their occurrence exclusively during strong positive δ13C excursions, are evidence that the bryostromatolite development responded to climatic/oceanographic changes, which may have played an important role in reef control.
Freezing time? The sociology of egg freezing
Authors: Myers Kit C. , Martin Lauren Jade
Published: March 2021

In the past decade, social scientists and bioethicists have produced a significant body of work tracking the technical, legal, ethical, and sociocultural development and implications of human egg freezing. What began as a treatment to “preserve” the fertility of cancer patients has transformed into a technology enabling delayed childbearing. We provide an overview of four research areas that have received the most attention in the sociological and anthropological literature of egg freezing: medicalization, gender, temporality and risk, and markets. What emerges from much of the research is the sense that egg freezing has become entangled with cultural imperatives to take future‐oriented responsibility for one's own health, financial, social, and reproductive needs through self‐management, risk reduction, calculation, and optimization. Throughout, we consider the implications of this novel reproductive technology within national and transnational “reproflows” that stratify reproduction along raced and classed lines.
Professor agente de decisão curricular: uma scriptura em Portugal
Authors: Cavalcanty dos Santos Adriana , Leite Carlinda
Published: March 2021

O artigo elege como foco o entrelaçamento entre discursos acadêmicos e políticos, que apontam para a agência dos professores, e discursos da prática, proferidos por professores e gestores educativos que aderiram, em Portugal, à medida política do Projeto de Autonomia e Flexibilização Curricular.
A análise desses discursos, recolhidos por entrevistas semi- diretivas, aponta para fatores contextuais que dão forma ou estabelecem limites aos professores assumirem o seu poder de agência de decisão curricular, o que permite concluir que a autonomia e flexibilidade do currículo concedidas, no campo do discurso político, não garantem per se o poder de agência dos professores.
Construcciones de ciudad y espacio público desde el graffiti y el street art
Authors: Klein Ricardo
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta aportes (metodológicos y empíricos) de la fotografía en un estudio sociológico sobre el arte urbano, específicamente sobre grafiti y street art. El objetivo principal es problematizar la relevancia que adquiere el uso del registro fotográfico como herramienta de recogimiento de información y análisis documental desde un doble accionar: por un lado, destacar el proceso metodológico en una investigación en la que se considera central la foto como medio visual, discutiendo críticamente diferentes miradas sobre la ciudad; por otro, plantear ejemplos de cómo la fotografía es relevante para el universo social investigado, es decir, los artistas del grafiti y del street art. Desde estas posiciones, fotografiar sus obras en el espacio público plantea un doble juego: 1) como práctica tangible de legitimación y prestigio en la interna de los colectivos, y 2) como prueba material de reconocimiento y valorización de sus trayectorias. Para el marco analítico se tendrá en consideración el registro de imágenes realizadas in situ en diferentes ciudades latinoamericanas (Buenos Aires, Lima, Montevideo) y europeas (Ámsterdam, Barcelona, Berlín, Lisboa, París, Porto).
Variación cultural y globalización en las estrategias de representación
Authors: Astaneh Zahra , Dandarova-Robert Zhargalma , Vinck Dominique
Published: March 2021

Este artículo intenta comprender las estrategias que despliegan niños de diferentes países, culturas y religiones para imaginar y dibujar a “dios”, representando lo que nunca han visto personalmente. Se proponen algunas hipótesis a partir del análisis de una parte de los dibujos recogidos en el proyecto "Drawings of gods: a multicultural and interdisciplinary approach of children’s representations of supernatural agents". Esta investigación interdisciplinaria reúne a investigadores en ciencias sociales (psicología, ciencias de la religión, sociología) e informáticas (procesamiento de imágenes). El texto trata más específicamente sobre las estrategias desplegadas por los niños que hacen caso omiso a las prohibiciones religiosas, capturan imágenes que circulan en los medios de comunicación de un mundo globalizado e inventan nuevas soluciones para cumplir con la tarea de representar a dios. Se muestra la especificidad del imaginario de los niños dado que ellos están lejos de ser simples consumidores e imitadores de imágenes. Aún siendo niños, pueden emanciparse incluso en espacios cerrados al cambio, dominados por todo tipo de restricciones y prohibiciones, como es el caso de las imágenes religiosas.
Analysis of Spoked Rings
Authors: Donnell L. H. , Gibbons H. B. , Shaw E. L.
Published: March 2021

From work carried out at the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation (now Goodyear Aircraft Corporation) the authors have derived general solutions for certain ring problems. The paper briefly discusses the difficulties in usual methods of studying structures with large numbers of redundancies and discusses simplifications which can be made in these methods when the structures are symmetrical. The remainder of the paper discusses the application of trigonometric series to stiffened-ring problems. General solutions are derived by using differential equations of equilibrium for the case of circular rings with continuous radial support, and by using difference equations of equilibrium for the case of polygonal rings with spokes and loads at the corners. Shear and axial strains in the ring and the difference in length of inner and outer fibers of the ring are considered. Finally the paper shows how complete solutions can be obtained by similar methods for the case of spoked and trussed rings under loads at the joints.
Measurement of Latent Heat by the Gas-Current Method
Authors: Goff J. A. , Hunter J. B.
Published: March 2021

The gas-current method of measuring latent heat appears to possess important advantages over other calorimetric methods. Preliminary results have been derived from a co-operative investigation carried out by the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers and the Towne Scientific School, University of Pennsylvania, in which sufficiently reliable values of the interaction constant for air-and-water-vapor mixtures have been determined to permit an adequate thermodynamic analysis of the gas-current method. The present paper is devoted to the development of this analysis and its application to the reduction of certain experimental data recently obtained by one of the authors. The apparatus and method of conducting the experiments are also described.
Harmonic Coefficients of Engine Torque Curves
Authors: Porter Frederic P.
Published: March 2021

Engine torque curves depend upon the combined effects of gas pressures, inertia forces, and weights. Tables for the harmonic coefficients of the torque due to inertia and weight effects are given for a wide range of crank-to-connecting-rod ratios. Families of indicator diagrams, representative of various types of engines, are shown and tables of the harmonic coefficients of the resulting torques are given. The types of engines considered are two-cycle gas, semi-Diesel, single-acting Diesel, double-acting Diesel, two-shaft opposed-piston Diesel, and four-cycle gasoline and Diesel engines.
A Principle of Maximum Plastic Resistance
Authors: Sadowsky M. A.
Published: March 2021

Heretofore a complete determination of stresses in a plastic body has been dependent upon a successful analysis of deformation in plastic flow, the method of computation being essentially based on Nadai’s stress-strain relations. The principle of maximum plastic resistance, as introduced in this paper, establishes a new method of computation of stresses only, without any explicit reference to deformation. Formally, the principle is progressive, since it supplies equations sufficient for solution; intrinsically and physically, the principle treats the plastic body as a reacting medium automatically producing maximum values of resultant reaction. Combined plastic tension, torsion, and inner pressure (in a boiler) are chosen as cases in which to apply the principle. The results are condensed in the relative diagram accompanying the paper.
Lung ultrasound in children, WFUMB review paper (part 2)
Authors: Dietrich Christoph F. , Buda Natalia , Ciuca Ioana Mihaiela , Dong Yi , Fang Cheng , Feldkamp Axel , Jüngert Jörg , Kosiak Wojciech , Mentzel Hans Joachim , Pienar Corina , Rabat Jorge S. , Rafailidis Vasileios , Schrading Simone , Schreiber-Dietrich Dagmar , Jaworska Joanna
Published: March 2021

Ultrasound (US) is an ideal diagnostic tool for paediatric patients owning to its high spatial and temporal resolution, real-time imaging, and lack of ionizing radiation and bedside availability. In the current World Federation of Societies for Ultra-sound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) paper series so far (part I) the topic has been introduced and the technical require-ments explained. In the present paper the use of US in the lung in paediatric patients is analysed. Lung diseases including the interstitial syndrome, bacterial pneumonia and viral infections, CoViD findings, atelectasis, lung consolidation, bronchiolitis and congenital diseases of the respiratory system including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) and sequester but also pneumothorax are discussed.
Assessment of qualitative and quantitative S guided wave tomography of sharp thickness loss defects in the isotropic membrane regime
Authors: Cailly William , Walaszek Henri , Brzuchacz Sébastien , Zhang Fan , Lasaygues Philippe
Published: March 2021

Progress in instrumentation, computer hardware, and inversion methods is encouraging the development of more advanced guided wave tomography techniques, especially for nondestructive testing of plate structures to characterize corrosion. An experimental S0 tomography performance assessment in the membrane regime is reported. One of the main interests of the fundamental membrane regime is that in this regime, waves are propagated over long distances. A 2 mm thick steel disk containing calibrated sharp artificial defects (flat bottom holes) is tested in both reflection and extinction modes. A reconstruction algorithm derived from the membrane approximation is presented. We expose a complete reflection mode inversion approach that includes beam inversion, waveform deconvolution, and thickness loss calibration. Non-linear correction factors are introduced and discussed for quantitative imaging. A width-regularity-depth description of defects is introduced to put the results into perspective with other defect geometries. The results show the relevance of the inversion method to enhance the imaging performance with regard to defect localization and sizing. Crucial points concerning instrumentation such as coupling, signal-to-noise ratio, excitation mode, coupling, selection of frequency, are also discussed.
In Vitro
Antibacterial Activity of Hydrogen Peroxide and Hypochlorous Acid, Including That Generated by Electrochemical Scaffolds
Authors: Raval Yash S. , Flurin Laure , Mohamed Abdelrhman , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Beyenal Haluk , Patel Robin
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are biocides used for cleaning and debriding chronic wound infections, which often harbor drug-resistant bacteria. Here, we evaluated the
in vitro
activity of H
2
O
2
and HOCl against 27 isolates of eight bacterial species involved in wound infections.
Selective Uptake of Pelagic Microbial Community Members by Caribbean Reef Corals
Authors: Hoadley Kenneth D. , Hamilton Maria , Poirier Camille L. , Choi Chang Jae , Yung Cheuk-Man , Worden Alexandra Z.
Published: March 2021

We identify interactions between coral grazing behavior and the growth rates and cell abundances of pelagic microbial groups found surrounding a Caribbean reef. During incubation experiments with three reef corals, reductions in microbial cell abundance differed according to coral species and suggest specific coral or microbial mechanisms are at play.
Reflex Detection of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Use of the SpeeDx ResistancePlus GC Assay
Authors: Lee Darren Y. J. , Ashcroft Melinda M. , Chow Eric P. F. , Sait Michelle , De Petra Vesna , Tschaepe Marlene , Lange Sigrid , Taiaroa George , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Whiley David M. , Fairley Christopher K. , Howden Benjamin P. , Chen Marcus Y. , Pasricha Shivani , Williamson Deborah A.
Published: March 2021

Resistance-guided therapy (RGT) for gonorrhoea may reduce unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. When reflexed from the Aptima Combo 2 assay, the ResistancePlus GC assay demonstrated 94.8% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
detection.
Rapid High-Throughput Whole-Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 by Using One-Step Reverse Transcription-PCR Amplification with an Integrated Microfluidic System and Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Li Tao , Chung Hye Kyung , Pireku Papa K. , Beitzel Brett F. , Sanborn Mark A. , Tang Cynthia Y. , Hammer Richard D. , Ritter Detlef , Wan Xiu-Feng , Maljkovic Berry Irina , Hang Jun
Published: March 2021

The long-lasting global COVID-19 pandemic demands timely genomic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Here, we report a simple and efficient workflow for whole-genome sequencing utilizing one-step reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) amplification on a microfluidic platform, followed by MiSeq amplicon sequencing.
Mechanism of Nuclear Lamina Disruption and the Role of pUS3 in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Nuclear Egress
Authors: Masoud Bahnamiri Masoudeh , Roller Richard J.
Published: March 2021

The nuclear lamina is an important player in infection by viruses that replicate in the nucleus. Herpesviruses alter the structure of the nuclear lamina to facilitate transport of capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and use both viral and cellular effectors to disrupt the protein-protein interactions that maintain the lamina.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus toyonensis Strain GM18, Isolated from Agricultural Soil
Authors: Moreno-Peña Carlos J. , García-García Jorge H. , Hernández-Vásquez Cesar I. , Galán-Wong Luis J. , Pereyra-Alférez Benito
Published: March 2021

Bacillus toyonensis
is a recently described species related to
Bacillus cereus
and
Bacillus thuringiensis
. The GM18 strain previously identified as
B. thuringiensis
is now classified as
B. toyonensis
based on the RNA 16S sequence and whole-genome average nucleotide identity. The genome analysis revealed the presence of insecticide, nematicide, and antitumoral proteins.
Co-producing a social determinants of health questionnaire for an urban population in community child health
Authors: Singh Guddi , Damarell Aisha
Published: March 2021

We used quality improvement (QI) and co-production methodologies to explore how child health professionals can be helped to open up conversations about poverty and other social issues in a London community child health clinic between July and October 2019.
Fifteen-minute consultation: How to manage eczema in children
Authors: Constantinou Sophie , Evans Jordan , Goodwin Richard Geoffrey
Published: March 2021

Atopic eczema is common and has a major impact on quality of life. Paediatricians and general practitioners play a key role in the non-specialist treatment of atopic eczema. However, the clinical nature of the diagnosis, multitude of topical therapies and sometimes complicated treatment strategies can leave both clinicians and families feeling bewildered. This article aims to provide a concise, patient-focused summary of the assessment and management of childhood atopic eczema.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a non-cirrhotic liver in a patient with homozygous ZZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Vuurberg Nienke E , Van den Boom Anne Loes , Van den Heuvel Marius C , Klaase Joost M
Published: March 2021

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, which is an under-recognised metabolic genetic disorder, is known to cause severe lung disease and liver cirrhosis in about 10%–15% of cases. Patients with AAT deficiency are at a higher risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma, both in cirrhotic and in non-cirrhotic livers. In this case report, a 48-year-old woman with homozygous ZZ AAT deficiency presented with abdominal pain, and by imaging, an abnormal area in the liver was found. The initial differential diagnosis consisted of benign abnormalities but a malignancy could not be ruled out. Finally, this abnormality turned out to be an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) in a non-cirrhotic liver. Since this type of tumour has been very infrequently described to be associated with AAT deficiency, the question remains whether alpha-1 trypsin accumulation in the hepatocytes was responsible for the development of iCCA. However, other associated factors for developing an iCCA were ruled out.
Ethical issues in computational pathology
Authors: Sorell Tom , Rajpoot Nasir , Verrill Clare
Published: March 2021

This paper explores ethical issues raised by whole slide image-based computational pathology. After briefly giving examples drawn from some recent literature of advances in this field, we consider some ethical problems it might be thought to pose. These arise from (1) the tension between artificial intelligence (AI) research—with its hunger for more and more data—and the default preference in data ethics and data protection law for the minimisation of personal data collection and processing; (2) the fact that computational pathology lends itself to kinds of data fusion that go against data ethics norms and some norms of biobanking; (3) the fact that AI methods are esoteric and produce results that are sometimes unexplainable (the so-called ‘black box’problem) and (4) the fact that computational pathology is particularly dependent on scanning technology manufacturers with interests of their own in profit-making from data collection. We shall suggest that most of these issues are resolvable.
Clinical study of pulmonary CT lesions and associated bronchiectasis in 115 convalescent patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in China
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Mao Kaiping , Li Zuomin , Xu Wenying , Shao Hui , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2021

A total of 115 convalescent inpatients with COVID-19 were enrolled. According to the results of scans of lung lesions via computed tomography (CT), the patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. The clinical data of the patients were collected, including age, gender, finger pulse oxygen pressure, ventricular rate, body temperature, etc. The correlation between the clinical indicators and the lesions of high-resolution CT (HRCT) and bronchiectasis was analyzed. Among the 115 patients, 82 had no bronchiectasis and 33 had bronchiectasis. The bronchodilation-prone layers mainly included the left and right lower lobe of the lung. The probability of branching in the inflamed area was greater than that in the noninflamed area in patients with COVID-19. There were significant differences in gender, CT lesion range, and number of incidents of bronchiectasis between noninflamed and inflamed areas (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in age, total proportion of CT lesions, volume of CT lesions, and total number of patients with bronchiectasis among the three groups (P < 0.05). CT lesion range was positively correlated with the total number of patients with bronchiectasis and patient age (respectively, r = 0.186, P < 0.05; r = 0.029, P < 0.05). The lesion range in HRCT images of lungs in patients with COVID-19 is correlated with bronchodilation. The larger the lesion, the higher the probability of bronchiectasis and the more incidents of bronchiectasis.
Exploring the Differences Between Leaders’ and Designers’ Communication Styles: Insights from Industrial Design Micro-Enterprises in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Wei-Chen , Khelil Nabil , Hung Yu-Chieh
Published: March 2021

This study explores the differences in communication styles adopted by leaders and designers during the processes of design and development of a product in the specific organizational context of micro-enterprises operating in the design industry in Taiwan. To that end, both quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted using the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI) scale. The data were gathered from both questionnaires and crossed interviews conducted with 10 leaders and 22 designers belonging to 9 industrial design micro-enterprises. The knowledge of the differences in communication styles adopted by leaders and designers provides both theoretical and practical insights into the following question: how should a leader “fit” their communication styles with a designer communication styles to enhance communication performance during the product design and the development phase.
Identification of deregulation mechanisms specific to cancer subtypes
Authors: Champion Magali , Chiquet Julien , Neuvial Pierre , Elati Mohamed , Radvanyi François , Birmelé Etienne
Published: March 2021

In many cancers, mechanisms of gene regulation can be severely altered. Identification of deregulated genes, which do not follow the regulation processes that exist between transcription factors and their target genes, is of importance to better understand the development of the disease. We propose a methodology to detect deregulation mechanisms with a particular focus on cancer subtypes. This strategy is based on the comparison between tumoral and healthy cells. First, we use gene expression data from healthy cells to infer a reference gene regulatory network. Then, we compare it with gene expression levels in tumor samples to detect deregulated target genes. We finally measure the ability of each transcription factor to explain these deregulations. We apply our method on a public bladder cancer data set derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas project and confirm that it captures hallmarks of cancer subtypes. We also show that it enables the discovery of new potential biomarkers.
Heartburn sensation in nonerosive reflux disease: pattern of superficial sensory nerves expressing TRPV1 and epithelial cells expressing ASIC3 receptors
Authors: Ustaoglu Ahsen , Sawada Akinari , Lee Chung , Lei Wei-Yi , Chen Chien-Lin , Hackett Richard , Sifrim Daniel , Peiris Madusha , Woodland Philip
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate for the first time that increased pain perception in patients with nonerosive reflux disease likely results from expression of acid-sensitive channels on superficial mucosal afferents and esophageal epithelial cells, raising the potential for topical therapy.
Estimation of mechanical work done to open the esophagogastric junction using functional lumen imaging probe panometry
Authors: Acharya Shashank , Halder Sourav , Carlson Dustin A. , Kou Wenjun , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. , Patankar Neelesh A.
Published: March 2021

Changes in pressure and diameter occur at the EGJ during esophageal emptying. Similar changes can be observed during FLIP panometry. Data from healthy and diseased individuals were used to estimate the mechanical work done on the EGJ during distension-induced relaxation or, in instances of failed opening, work required to open the EGJ. Quantifying these parameters is potentially valuable to calibrate treatments and gauge treatment efficacy for subjects with disorders of EGJ function, especially achalasia.
Follistatin secretion is enhanced by protein, but not glucose or fat ingestion, in obese persons independently of previous gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Svane Maria S. , Jensen Christian Z. , Kjeldsen Sasha A. S. , Holst Jens J. , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J. , Madsbad Sten
Published: March 2021

Circulating follistatin and activin A were studied after intake of isocaloric protein, fat, or glucose drinks in subjects with obesity with and without previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Protein intake enhanced follistatin similarly in both groups, whereas glucose and fat ingestion did not change follistatin. Activin A was lower after protein compared with glucose in RYGB. The novel finding is that protein intake, but neither glucose nor fat, stimulates follistatin secretion independently of previous RYGB.
Early life stress in mice alters gut microbiota independent of maternal microbiota inheritance
Authors: Kemp Keri M. , Colson Jackson , Lorenz Robin G. , Maynard Craig L. , Pollock Jennifer S.
Published: March 2021

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with a greater risk of chronic disease development including depression and cardiovascular disease. Altered gut microbiota has been linked to both depression and cardiovascular disease in mice and humans. Rodent models of early life neglect are used to characterize the mechanistic links between early life stress (ELS) and the risk of disease later in life. However, little is understood about ELS exposure and the gut microbiota in the young mice and the influence of the maternal inheritance of the gut microbiota. We used a mouse model of ELS, maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), and normally reared mice to determine whether the neonate microbiota is altered, and if so, are the differences attributable to changes in dam microbiota that are then transmitted to their offspring. Individual amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) displayed differential abundance in the microbiota of MSEW compared with normally reared pups at postnatal day ( PD) 28. Additionally, ELS exposure reduced the alpha diversity and altered microbial community composition at PD28. The composition, levels of alpha diversity, and abundance of individual ASVs in the microbiota of dams were similar from MSEW or normally reared cohorts. Thus, the observed shifts in the abundance of individual bacterial ASVs in the neonates and young pups are likely driven by endogenous effects of MSEW in the offspring host and are not due to inherited differences from the dam. This knowledge suggests that exposure to ELS has a direct effect on microbial factors on the risk of chronic disease development.
Distinct adaptation patterns between grip dynamics and arm kinematics when the body is upside-down
Authors: Opsomer L. , Crevecoeur F. , Thonnard J-L. , McIntyre J. , Lefèvre P.
Published: March 2021

During rhythmic arm movements performed in an upside-down posture, grip control adapted very quickly, but kinematics adaptation was more progressive. Our results suggest that grip control and movement kinematics planning might operate in different reference frames. Moreover, by comparing our results with previous results from parabolic flight studies, we propose that a common mechanism underlies adaptation to unfamiliar body postures and adaptation to altered gravity.
Highly active neurons emerging in vitro
Authors: Okada Mami , Kono Rena , Sato Yu , Kobayashi Chiaki , Koyama Ryuta , Ikegaya Yuji
Published: March 2021

The overdispersion of neuronal activity levels can often be attributed to very few neurons exhibiting extremely high firing rates, but due to technical difficulty, no studies have examined how these outliers are selected during development and whether they are maintained over time. We optically monitored highly active neurons for as long as 7 wk in vitro and found that they constituted a unique population that was different from other “mediocre” neurons with normal firing rates.
Respiratory effects of low and high doses of fentanyl in control and β-arrestin 2-deficient mice
Authors: Haouzi Philippe , McCann Marissa , Tubbs Nicole
Published: March 2021

When life-threatening doses of fentanyl are used in mice, the β-arrestin 2 pathway appears to play a critical role in the recovery from opioid overdose. This observation calls into question the use of G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonists, as a strategy for safer opioid analgesic drugs.
L
1
-Multiscale Galerkin’s Scheme with Multilevel Augmentation Algorithm for Solving Time Fractional Burgers’ Equation
Authors: Chen Jian , Huang Yong , Zeng Taishan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we consider the initial boundary value problem of the time fractional Burgers equation. A fully discrete scheme is proposed for the time fractional nonlinear Burgers equation with time discretized by

L
1

-type formula and space discretized by the multiscale Galerkin method. The optimal convergence orders reach

O

τ

2
−
α

+

h

r

in the

L

2

norm and

O

τ

2
−
α

+

h

r
−
1

in the

H

1

norm, respectively, in which

τ

is the time step size,

h

is the space step size, and

r

is the order of piecewise polynomial space. Then, a fast multilevel augmentation method (MAM) is developed for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from the fully discrete scheme at each time step. We show that the MAM preserves the optimal convergence orders, and the computational cost is greatly reduced. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical analysis, and comparisons between MAM and Newton’s method show the efficiency of our algorithm.