bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halotolerant as plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Authors: Ahir Miral , Joshi Akruti R. , Patel Gayatriben B.
Published: January 2025

Extremophile species known as halophiles flourish in conditions when salt concentrations are extremely high. The microbial communities in the soil of the Kutch region are highly salinized and have not been thoroughly studied. Soil bacteria known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) live in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane and roots of plants where they support plant growth through a number of direct and indirect means. Nineteen halotolerant bacterial strains were obtained from the Kutch region for this study. These strains are capable of growing in medium with 1-20% NaCl. Morphological, physiological and biochemical traits were examined and factors like pH, NaCl and temperature tolerance were found to be important for their proliferation. It was possible for the isolates to release extracellular enzymes such as cellulose, lipase, amylase and protease. The efficiency of nitrogen fixation was discovered but quantitative estimation needs to be done.

Additionally, the isolates demonstrated effective zinc and phosphate solubilization on the appropriate substrate. We examined whether wheat, a crop sensitive to salt, may serve as a suitable host for halotolerant bacteria that have the ability to stimulate plant growth by evaluating their impact on biomass, survival and seed germination. Research on halotolerant bacteria in the presence of heavy metals such as nickel, has benefited plant roots. Nevertheless, before these strains are regarded as biofertilizer, more crops and field testing are required. According to this preliminary study, soil of Kutch exhibits a high concentration of halotolerant microbes. These bacteria may have properties that promote plant growth and can be used as biological fertilizer.
Pharmaceutical Waste Management in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Study on Environmental Implications, Current Practices and Strategies for Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Chinnarao Menda , Ch. Ramakrishna , Umadevi Randi , Abbaraju V D N Kumar
Published: January 2025

The pharmaceutical industry, which is vital for healthcare, faces challenges in effective pharmaceutical waste management, impacting financial resources and healthcare quality. This study addresses these challenges by classifying waste, exploring community perceptions and assessing organisational practices. The study employs advanced waste management strategies and surveys community and organisational practices. It covers disposal methods, health concerns, regulatory effectiveness and organisational approaches to inventory management, procurement cycles, storage conditions and biomedical waste practices. Survey outcomes highlight diverse community perceptions with 35 respondents favouring returning pharmaceuticals to healthcare facilities.

Health concerns include contamination of drinking water (11 respondents), increased antibiotic resistance (22 respondents) and exposure to hazardous chemicals (27 respondents). 38 respondents think that regulatory effectiveness is good and 25 think that local communities are actively involved. Organisational practices show 35 respondents rating pharmaceutical inventory management as very effective. In conclusion, the study advocates for responsible disposal practices, increased awareness and location-specific solutions for pharmaceutical waste. Findings emphasize the importance of tailored communication, education and continuous training to ensure consistent adherence to safety protocols, recognizing the interconnection of environmental and health outcomes in pharmaceutical waste management.
Availability of medical personnel and measures for their retention in public health care institutions
Authors:   «CNIIOISE» Russian Research Institute of Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Rugol L.V. , Menshikova L.I. ,   «CNIIOISE» Russian Research Institute of Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: January 2025

The geographical uneven distribution of medical personnel characteristic of the Russian Federation affects the sustainability of the country's healthcare system and, consequently, the availability and quality of medical care.
The aim of the study is to analyse the provision of medical personnel in federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and measures to attract and retain them for 2018-2023 in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the example of the North-Western Federal District.
On the basis of statistical data from Russian research Institute of Health and the State Statistics Service (Rosstat), an analysis of the staffing of medical organisations of the public health system in the Russian Federation as a whole, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the North-West Federal District was carried out, with the calculation of indicators and their growth/decline rates for the period of implementation of the federal project ‘Providing medical organisations of the health system with qualified personnel’ (2018-2023).
The indicator of provision with doctors in the Russian Federation as a whole and in most federal districts showed a positive trend, while the opposite trend was recorded in the provision with middle medical personnel, possibly due to defects in planning the need for training of middle medical personnel at the regional level. The North-Western Federal District has the highest rate of doctors (44.3 doctors per 10,000 population), but there are marked interregional differences in the rates of doctors and paramedical staff (with medical education), which indicates that the work to attract and retain medical personnel is not sufficiently effective.
Despite significant differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that make up the North-West Federal District, the measures to attract and retain medical personnel are similar in almost all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. To improve the effectiveness of regional personnel policy it is necessary to clearly differentiate the measures taken at the level of a medical organisation in a particular municipality, normative and legal regulation of the powers of local governments to create favourable conditions for attracting medical workers, economic incentives for medical workers, increasing the targeting and filling of social support measures in rural health care, in hard-to-reach, remote areas with a low density of us.
Keywords: medical personnel; personnel deficit, personnel imbalance, personnel attraction; social support measures.
Solventless Catalytic C–H and C–X Functionalization Without Ball Milling
Authors: Méndez-Gálvez Carolina , Olsthoorn Boris , Barnå Fredrik , Estébanez Rosich David , Gates Paul , Pilarski Lukasz
Published: January 2025

A low-cost, operationally simple approach to seven different solventless Rh-, Ru-, Ir- and Pd-catalyzed C–H and C–X functionalizations, as well as the synthesis of difficult-to-make rhodacyclic complexes, is presented. The method uses open air grinding and heating, is reproducible, gives competitive yields compared with automated ball milling protocols, and can be extended to the late-stage modification of various bioactive compounds.
Facile visible-light upcycling of diverse waste plastics using a single organocatalyst with minimal loadings
Authors: Zhang Sijing , Wang Jingxiang , Su Dewen , Xiao Xiao
Published: January 2025

The escalating plastic waste crisis stems from limitations in conventional recycling methods, which are energy-intensive and produce lower-quality materials, leaving a substantial portion unrecycled. Here, we report a versatile organo-photocatalytic upcycling method employing an easily accessible phenothiazine derivative, PTH-3CN, to selectively depolymerize an unprecedented array of commodity polymers—including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethanes (PU), polycarbonates (PC), and other vinyl polymers—into valuable small molecules with minimal catalyst loading (as low as 102 ppm). Operating under mild conditions with visible light and ambient air, this protocol requires no additional acids or metals and adapts effectively to mixed and post-consumer plastic waste. Mechanistic analysis reveals that PTH-3CN serves as a precatalyst, decomposing into active triarylamine species that drive efficient depolymerization likely through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. This approach offers a promising, scalable route for sustainable plastic upcycling with broad applicability.
From Accident to Improvement: A Case Study of Nitric Acid Splashing into Eyes During a Teaching Lab
Authors: Kasprowiak Amaury , Kulinski Pierre , Depecker Cindy , Cazier-Dennin Francine , Danjou Pierre-Edouard
Published: January 2025

During a laboratory session involving the acidic digestion of a soil sample for flame atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis, a student sustained a near-miss eye injury due to a concentrated nitric acid splash following the detachment of syringe and filter. The incident occurred during filtration of the digested solution containing concentrated nitric acid through a 0.45 µm syringe filter using a 10 mL Luer slip syringe. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the incident using the cause tree methodology to identify contributing factors. The root cause analysis revealed a combination of procedural gaps (lack of specified syringe size, filtration of concentrated solution), inadequate technique (excessive pressure on the plunger and improper positioning at the fume hood), and suboptimal use of protective equipment. Based on these findings, corrective actions were implemented, including protocol modifications (dilution of the acid prior to filtration, specification of a 1 mL syringe), enhanced training on proper filtration techniques and fume hood use, and the procurement of improved safety goggles. This case study highlights the importance of well-designed and detailed procedures, proper training, and appropriate use of protective equipment in preventing laboratory accidents.
Sigmatropic rearrangement enables access to a highly stable spirocyclic nitroxide for protein spin labelling
Authors: Sowiński Mateusz P. , Mocanu Elena M. , Ruskin-Dodd Hannah , McKay Aidan P. , Cordes David B. , Lovett Janet E. , Haugland-Grange Marius
Published: January 2025

Spin labelling enables the study of biomolecules using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Here, we describe the synthesis of a cysteine-reactive spin label based on a spirocyclic pyrrolidinyl nitroxide containing an iodoacetamide moiety. The spin label was shown to be highly persistent under reducing conditions while maintaining excellent EPR relaxation parameters up to a temperature of 180 K. After successful double spin labelling of a calmodulin variant, interspin distances were measured by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy experiment double electron-electron resonance (DEER) at 120 K.
Knotting a tetrahedral cage mechanically locks guests inside
Authors: Yang Yuchong , Ronson Tanya K. , Teeuwen Paula C.P. , Zucchelli Simone , Heard Andrew W. , Posocco Paola , Wales David J. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: January 2025

Interwoven molecular structures underpin the functions of many biomolecules,1–3 yet synthesizing artificial topologically-complex structures in high yield remains challenging.4,5 Here we describe a streamlined, high yield one-pot synthesis of knotted cage frameworks through the use of a subcomponent designed to bridge over the faces of a predesigned cage framework. A ZnII4L3 open-faced cage framework was employed as the basis for a topologically chiral ‘perplexane’,6 and a ZnII4L4 tetrahedron was built into a topologically chiral ‘trefoil tetrahedron’. Both interwoven architectures can be prepared through one-pot subcomponent self-assembly from a trialdehyde, the bridging triamine, and a zinc(II) salt. The ‘trefoil tetrahedron’ was observed to mechanically lock guests inside the cavity, resulting in a guest exchange half-life 17000 times longer than that of the original tetrahedral cage. Both cage frameworks were reduced and demetallated to yield metal-free interwoven structures, with the ‘perplexane’ producing an achiral product, and the ‘trefoil tetrahedron’ maintaining its topological chirality. Our strategy may enable the many existing cage frameworks produced using subcomponent self-assembly to be knotted, enhancing their robustness and locking guests inside.
Simultaneous Activation of Bicyclobutanes and Indolyl Alcohols Using HFIP: Access to Indole-Fused Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Deswal Shiksha , Chandra Das Rohan , Sarkar Deeptanu , Biju A T
Published: January 2025

The concept of strain release has long intrigued chemists, unleashing the unique reactivity that drives a wide range of synthetically valuable transformations. Among various strained systems, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), highly reactive species, have recently emerged as versatile building blocks for constructing bicyclic scaffolds. Despite the existence of various activation pathways for BCBs, the use of hexafluoro isopropanol (HFIP) for activating BCBs has not been realized so far. Herein, we report the first HFIP-promoted (3+3) annulation of BCBs with indolyl alcohols via simultaneous activation of both partners facilitating the metal- and photocatalyst-free synthesis of indole-fused bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Mechanistic studies reveal the role of HFIP in activating both components, and the reaction proceeds via an initial (3+2) annulation followed by a ring expansion/aromatization cascade.
Extended Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (XSAPT): A Cubic-Scaling Platform for Computing Accurate Intermolecular Interaction Energies and ab Initio Energy Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Herbert John , Gray Montgomery , Liu Kuan-Yu , Carter-Fenk Kevin
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides an overview of some hybrid forms of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), developed over the past decade and known collectively as "extended" (X)SAPT. Two primary innovations are a self-consistent charge embedding scheme to capture many-body polarization (the "XPol" procedure) and the use of low-cost dispersion models as replacements for SAPT's perturbative description of dispersion. The latter modification reduces the formal complexity to O(N^3) with system size. In conjunction with a many-body dispersion model (XSAPT+MBD) or empirical dispersion potentials fitted to ab initio data (XSAPT+aiD), the hybrid procedure achieves sub-kcal/mol accuracy with respect to high-level benchmarks. XSAPT is equipped with an energy decomposition that partitions the intermolecular interaction energy into components that include electrostatics, Pauli repulsion, dispersion, and induction, the latter of which can be further separated into polarization and charge transfer. As compared to energy decomposition analyses used in density functional theory, separation of the dispersion energy in XSAPT is less ambiguous and the energy partition agrees well with accurate third-order SAPT benchmarks. Theoretical foundations of XSAPT are reviewed, and we provide a thorough discussion of its performance in terms of both accuracy and cost. Exemplary applications are presented that illustrate how XSAPT can be used to uncover the fundamental molecular physics of intermolecular interactions.
REVIEW ON CDM IMPLEMENTATION IN THE MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Yusoff Nur Nilam Sari Md , Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Ariffin Hamizah Liyana Tajul
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the current practices of CDM in the Malaysian construction industry, aiming to identify the barriers to its implementation and provide a foundation for actionable improvements.
 
Theoretical Framework: This study adopts the PRISMA framework as the foundation for conducting the systematic literature review, ensuring a structured and transparent approach to identify, select, and analyze relevant literature.
 
Method: The analysis method employed for the systematic literature review is deductive content analysis, enabling a structured evaluation of the data to achieve the study’s objectives.
 
Results and Discussion: The results indicate that implementing CDM within the Malaysian construction industry remains a work in progress. Key barriers include limited safety knowledge among designers, inadequate competency in PtD practices, procurement systems that do not effectively support collaborative efforts, and the inherent nature of the industry.
 
Research Implications: The results of this study highlight the need to enhance procurement methods in the Malaysian construction industry to effectively support the collaborative implementation of CDM.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on CDM by addressing gaps in the literature, particularly within the Malaysian context, and providing insights to the government to support its effective implementation.
A non-profit organization: essence, types and basic business processes
Authors: Hliebova Alla , Olkhovyk Olena
Published: January 2025

The essence, types, signs and functions of non-profit organizations are investigated. The processes needed to be provided for effective functioning of a non-profit organization are identified. World experience of non-profit organizations’ possibility to carry out business activities in the practice of different countries is analyzed. The market economy involves the active development of non-profit organizations that arise and operate in various sectors of the economy (education, culture, art, services, etc.). The role of the so-called "third sector" is important for civil society development, so we see the intensification of non-profit organizations around the world. These organizations play important role in achieving sustainable development goals, providing charitable assistance, protecting human rights and freedoms, organizing leisure time, creating opportunities for human development, helping to solve many social issues and challenges, providing cultural, educational and other services. The definition of "non-profit organization" is used mainly in American law, while in international practice the definition of "non-governmental organization" is often used. This emphasizes that the organization focuses on solving social problems, has a humanitarian purpose and is independent from the government. The definition of "non-profit organization" provides a special approach to the functioning of the organization and its taxation. The purpose of the organization is not to make a profit, but to ensure organizational development. Non-profit enterprises, institutions and organizations are enterprises, institutions and organizations main purpose of which is not to make a profit, but to conduct charitable activities and patronage, as well as other activities provided by law. These activities are aimed at providing charitable assistance, educational, cultural, scientific, educational and other similar services for public needs.
Trends in human parainfluenza virus in Scotland before and after the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, January 2017 to October 2023
Authors: Laird Tonje Sande , Hamilton Mark , William Naoma , Karanwal Shivani , Marsh Kimberly , Evans Josie
Published: January 2025

Background

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) commonly cause upper respiratory tract infections, with potential for severe lower respiratory complications. Understanding seasonal increases informs strategies to prevent HPIV spreading.

Aim

We examined the impact of COVID-19 on HPIV epidemiological and clinical patterns in Scotland using non-sentinel and sentinel surveillance data.

Methods

Information on HPIV swab positivity (January 2017–October 2023) and demographic data was obtained from the Electronic Communication of Surveillance in Scotland (ECOSS) non-sentinel surveillance sources (laboratory-based data from hospital and community) and the Community Acute Respiratory Infection (CARI) sentinel surveillance programme (enhanced surveillance and symptom data).

Results

In 2020 during early COVID-19 waves, HPIV detection decreased aligning with lockdowns and preventive measures. In summer 2021, HPIV positivity increased, with HPIV-3 possibly reverting to pre-pandemic seasonality, but HPIV-1 not yet re-establishing alternate-year peaks. Most positive results from non-sentinel sources came from hospital tests. Sentinel surveillance (CARI) complemented non-sentinel data, offering community-level insights. There was no significant difference in CARI swab positivity by sex in any age group. Consistent with historical trends, children under five years exhibited highest test positivity: 9.3% (95% CI: 7.6–11.2) in females and 8.5% (95% CI 7.0–10.2) in males.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted HPIV detection in Scotland. The decline during the pandemic peak and subsequent partial resurgence underscores the complex interplay between viral epidemiology and public health measures. Combining diverse surveillance systems provides a comprehensive understanding of HPIV dynamics. Insights into age-specific and symptom-associated patterns contribute to understanding HPIV epidemiology and refining public health strategies.
Human neuroinvasive Toscana virus infections in Italy from 2016 to 2023: Increased incidence in 2022 and 2023
Authors: Fotakis Emmanouil Alexandros , Di Maggio Elisa , Del Manso Martina , Mateo-Urdiales Alberto , Petrone Daniele , Fabiani Massimo , Perego Giulia , Bella Antonino , Bongiorno Gioia , Bernardini Ilaria , Di Luca Marco , Venturi Giulietta , Fortuna Claudia , Giannitelli Stefania , Ferraro Federica , Maraglino Francesco , Pezzotti Patrizio , Palamara Anna Teresa , Riccardo Flavia ,   Italian Arbovirus Surveillance network
Published: January 2025

Background

Toscana virus (TOSV) is transmitted to humans through bites of infected sand flies. Neuroinvasive TOSV infections are leading causes of meningitis/encephalitis in southern Europe and notifiable in Italy since 2016. In 2022–23, Italy experienced extreme climate anomalies and a concomitant increase in mosquito and tick-borne disease transmission.

Aim

To identify the spatiotemporal distribution and risk groups of neuroinvasive TOSV infections in Italy in 2022–23 vs 2016–21.

Methods

We retrospectively described all autochthonous, laboratory-confirmed neuroinvasive TOSV cases notified to the national surveillance system in 2016–23 using frequencies, proportions, incidences and incidence risk ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs, stratified by year, sex, age, region/autonomous province (AP) of infection/exposure and infection/exposure municipality by urbanisation level.

Results

In 2022–23, 276 cases were notified (average annual incidence: 2.34/1,000,000 population) vs 331 cases in 2016–21 (0.92/1,000,000), with increased incidence extending into September. In 2022–23, infections were acquired in 12/21 regions/APs, predominantly in Emilia Romagna (57.6%; 159/276) as in 2016–21, including four regions/APs with no local infections in 2016–21. Similar to 2016–21, during 2022–23 residence in rural municipalities (vs urban), male sex, working age (19–67 years) and age > 67 years (vs ≤ 18 years) were identified as risk factors with IRRs of 2.89 (95% CI: 2.01–4.17), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.66–2.84), 5.31 (95% CI: 2.81–10.0) and 5.06 (95% CI: 2.59–9.86), respectively.

Conclusion

Italy experienced a nearly 2.6-fold increase in neuroinvasive TOSV incidence in 2022–23 vs 2016–21. Raising public awareness on risk factors and personal protection measures may enhance prevention efforts.
René Capistrán Garza: el contrarrevolucionario mexicano que pasó a ser partidario de la Revolución
Authors: González Morfín Juan
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo busca rescatar algunos rasgos biográficos de un personaje importante en la vida pública del país, tanto por su participación en la lucha cívica de los católicos, como por su labor periodística. El artículo destaca su época de ferviente contrarrevolucionario para después mostrar su lucha por hacer ver compatibles los ideales de la Revolución con aquellos de la doctrina católica. Para ello, la investigación se centra en frases textuales de sus discurso y escritos posteriores que permiten observar cómo el contacto –primero en la prisión y después en el destierro–, con personas que no compartían sus convicciones, le fue ayudando a flexibilizar su postura radicalmente contrarrevolucionaria hasta convertirlo en un entusiasta defensor de la armonía, según él existente, entre los postulados de la Iglesia y los de los gobiernos revolucionarios.
महिला आत्मकथाओं में स्त्री जीवन
Authors: Poonam Devi  , Priyanka
Published: January 2025

हिन्दी की स्त्री लेखिकाओं की आत्मकथाओं का अध्ययन करने के उपरांत यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि उन्होंने अपने जीवन में भोगे हुए यथार्थ के अनुभवों को दूसरों तक पहुँचाया है। जिससे स्त्री लेखिकाओं ने लेखन के माध्यम से अपने अस्तित्व को स्थापित करने का महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य किया है। साहित्य में आत्मकथा का अपना विशेष स्थान है। आत्मकथा में लेखक के गुण-दोष तथा स्वयं का भोगे गए जीवन का विस्तार होता है। हिंदी की उत्कृष्ट आत्मकथाओ में स्वीकृत सिर्फ एक महिला की कथा नहीं पूरे युग की कथा है। जिस हिन्दी साहित्य में महिला आत्मलेखन की परंपरा का नितांत अभाव था, वहाँ अब महिला साहित्यकारों की एक के बाद एक आत्मकथाओं का प्रकाश में आना इस बात का प्रमाण है कि अब महिलाओं पर सामाजिक व्यवस्था के बंधन कुछ शिथिल हुए है।
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Chopra Sunita , Sushmana
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurs play a significant role in economic development of the country. Entrepreneurs use their innovative skills to turn their ideas into business prospects .Entrepreneurs determine a country’s economic growth by creating new job opportunities ,expanding employment opportunities, supplying products and services and producing taxes for the government. Capital formation is largely possible only by entrepreneurship programme. The entrepreneurs are in important place in generating economic and social development for the country. Both the Central and State government have been launched various schemes for encouraging entrepreneurship in the country. In India, male is dominating the society. Despite this, women make their position in every field .Women entrepreneurs are steadily gaining the position and contributing their share in GDP of the country. However, Women in India and around the world face numerous problems and challenges at every stages of business idea.This paper explores the evolution of women entrepreneurship in India, analyzing their contribution to economic growth, what problems and challenges are faced by new and existing women entrepreneurs , what future prospects are available in entrepreneurship and the support mechanisms available to them. It also examines successful case studies of women entrepreneurs.
IS INDIA MOVING FROM RULE OF LAW TO RULE OF GUN AND JUDICIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Gupta Gopal Krishan , Arti
Published: January 2025

The rule of law will not be used in the execution of power. Article 21 of the law, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, contains a procedure for criminal investigations. It is essential, non-negotiable, and accessible to everybody. That right cannot even be infringed by the State. Nobody questions this. No one, not even the police or other investigating body, has the authority to penalize an accused person without following the proper legal procedures. Only the court has the authority to inflict a prison term or the death penalty after following all legal procedures and providing a fair trial and hearing. Until a person is proven guilty by the legal system, they are presumed innocent. The core of the Indian Constitution is found in Article 21. The framers of the Constitution placed the burden of protecting this right from infringement on the government, not even granting the state the power to violate it. An institution that has long been trusted to uphold and assist in enforcing the law is the police force. They have historically instilled confidence in the nation's residents by upholding security and providing the best possible protection for all. But recent events have shown that this was a myth, as it is difficult to fully trust the criminal justice system in light of the recent police interactions and violence that rocked the nation. After reviewing all available evidence and establishing the accused's guilt in a court of law, the burden of proof always rests with the prosecution. The nation's sluggish criminal justice system makes the police problem worse. Trials last for years on end, and the verdict is still up in the air, especially when it comes to the criminals who have financial, political, and physical clout. This is why there is pressure on the police to use shortcuts and illegal tactics. Conspiracy by the political elites and public backing are commonplace. The judiciary is given the authority to determine who is right or wrong. It punishes the wrongdoer without turning it into a retaliatory act and strives for true justice.
RELEVANCE OF NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT IN THE21ST CENTURY
Authors: Kaur Jaswinder
Published: January 2025

World War II, a wave of decolonization gave rise to the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). It was established in Belgrade in 1961, at the height of the Soviet-American conflict. With the fall of the USSR, its political significance has lessened in the post-cold war world, but NAM remains significant in the current global context. NAM developed a distinct political identity over time. An effort has been made in this study to assess the applicability of NAM in the modern era in relation to the goals and intentions that led to its creation. Some people believe that the bipolar world has died and that NAM is no longer relevant as its foundation. The other portion, however, believes that NAM continues to uphold its core beliefs, ideals, and goals of promoting disarmament and creating a world that is peaceful and wealthy. Regional conflicts and crises have persisted despite the conclusion of the Cold War. In the current international environment, NAM can now significantly contribute to fostering global peace and bringing about nuclear arms control and disarmament by nuclear-armed nations. The truth is that NAM is still relevant today. As long as there remains a system of sovereign states, the policy will remain in place. In the same way that the United Nations Organization and its charter are unaffected by the transgressions of the organization and its members, its legitimacy cannot be questioned.
Mediterranean identity of Miljenko Smoje’s and Enzo Betizza’s Split and Dalmatia Depicted by the Grotesque Coloring of Their Characters
Authors: Dizdar Ivana , Miletić Josip
Published: January 2025

The paper analyzes two Dalmatian chronicles titled Kronika o našem Malom mistu [The Chronicle of Our Little Place] (1971) by Miljenko Smoje and Egzil [Exile/Esilio] (1996) by Enzo Bettiza, in which Split and Dalmatia are presented as an integral part of the Mediterranean. Applying the methods of analysis, explication, and comparison, the paper will attempt to show that the Mediterranean identity is manifested in personality traits and behavior of peculiar characters, their relationship with space and fellow citizens, and their wry and bitter humor. In terms of themes, ideas, and style, Mediterranean elements are seen in the merging of opposites. Various opposed elements are inscribed in the real and fictional narratives of the Mediterranean, which, due to its position and socio-historical circumstances, absorbed various influences. As the analysis will show, the opposites are shown in grotesque presentations and the use of irony as a polyphonic figure of discourse.
An Impact of Major Customer Concentration on the Audit Hour and Audit Fee
Authors:   Korea Accounting Information Association, Kim Sung-Hye , Lee A-Young , Park Sung-Whan
Published: January 2025

[Purpose] This study analyzes the effect of major customer concentration on audit hours and audit fees, specifically examining how customer concentration affects external auditors in domestic companies.
[Methodology] To achieve this, we conducted an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis using data from companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets between 2014 and 2020. The key variables for analysis included customer concentration data, audit hours, and audit fees, which were obtained by reviewing the notes disclosures of individual companies through the Financial Supervisory Service’s electronic disclosure system (DART).
[Findings] The empirical results show that companies with major customers accounting for 10% or more of their revenue, as well as those with higher customer concentration, tend to have significantly lower audit hours. This reduction in audit hours was primarily attributed to the decrease in audit time spent by registered auditors and other professionals. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between customer concentration and audit fees. These findings suggest that companies with major customer concentration may have clearer and more stable relationships with major customers, making their operations and financial conditions simpler and less complex, thereby enhancing audit efficiency. However, no significant relation was observed between customer concentration and audit fees.
[Implication] This study makes a significant academic contribution by analyzing the effect of major customer concentration on external audits in domestic companies, an area where relevant research has been scarce in Korea. Particularly, the study offers new insights by conducting an empirical analysis that reflects the characteristics of domestic firms, addressing the inconsistency in conclusions found in both domestic and international research.
Literasi Digital Anggota Kelompok Wanita Tani dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Akses Informasi Pertanian
Authors: Putri Alya Septianing Dewi , Lubis Djuara P. , Aulia Titania
Published: January 2025

Berkembangnya teknologi seperti internet dan maraknya minat masyarakat terhadap pertanian memiliki dampak negatif dan dampak positif. Literasi digital berperan penting dalam meningkatkan manfaat kegiatan masyarakat serta mempromosikan tanggung jawab sosial. Penelitian ini fokus pada Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Mawar Berseri di Tangerang, dengan tujuan menganalisis tingkat literasi digital, hubungan karakteristik individu dan faktor lingkungan terhadap literasi digital, serta kaitan antara literasi digital dan pemanfaatan internet dalam informasi pertanian. Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melibatkan kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam dengan anggota KWT dan Kader Lingkungan Kota Tangerang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat literasi digital anggota KWT Mawar Berseri cukup baik dalam mencari informasi pertanian. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara literasi digital dan pemanfaatan internet sebagai sumber informasi pertanian.
Does Human Capital Matter for Indonesia's Economic Growth?
Authors: Sari Vita Kartika , Prasetyani Dwi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the impact of human capital in the context of health and education on Indonesia's economic growth, which includes physical capital investment and trade openness as control variables. Using time series data from 1981 to 2022 and employing econometric techniques by applying the ARDL model. The findings reveal that education, investment, and trade openness have a positive and statistically significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth. Surprisingly, life expectancy has a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's economic growth. This unexpected result warrants further investigation to identify potential confounding factors or data limitations. Despite this finding, the study emphasizes the crucial role of health in human capital and long-run economic prosperity. Among the policy suggestions are enhancing nutrition, guaranteeing access to high-quality healthcare, and maximizing health transformation through the development of public health services. Concurrently, investments in education, particularly in improving quality, accessibility, and alignment with labor market demands, are essential. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to economic development that prioritizes human capital development while addressing the complexities of health-growth relationships.
Federated learning in cloud environments: Enhancing data privacy and AI model training across distributed systems
Authors: Naveen Kodakandla
Published: January 2025

Federated Learning (FL) is a recently proposed machine learning scheme for decentralized training across distributed devices with enhanced data privacy. FL is known to provide a solution in cloud environments to overcome the privacy concerns arising out of centralized data collection. In this study, we investigate Federated Learning in cloud-based system, in particular, cognitive regarding its capability to secure data privacy, scalability and impact on model training by AI. Then, results were obtained in experiments to evaluate how FL performs, in terms of model accuracy and communication overhead, and in how scalable it is using publicly available datasets. Results of time to completion and accuracy across Federated Learning and centralized learning systems indicate that while there is a loss in accuracy from non IID data distribution, Federated Learning also exhibits advantages regarding scale (scaling order) and privacy. Communication costs increased due to need for frequent updates across distributed devices, but gradient compression was found to mitigate this challenge. Focusing on the trade-offs between Federated and centralized learning systems, this research provides important hints for future studies on privacy preserving AI in cloud environments.
Partner anxiety and its associated factors before elective caesarean section
Authors: Prashanthi S  , Alice Sony  , Dorathy Devakirubai T
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to assess the partner anxiety and its associated factors before elective caesarean section at a tertiary hospital in South India.

Background: Anxiety is a behavioural expression of stress and an unpleasant feeling that can be brought on by a number of factors. The information given to the pregnant woman and her husband regarding caesarean delivery could create anxiety. Spouses who assist in caring for their wifes’ during childbirth may be subjected to mild to severe anxiety.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out among 200 spouses of pregnant women planned for elective caesarean section. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Partner Anxiety Associated Factors Checklist were used.

Results: The mean score of state inventory was 44.245 (±9.30) and trait inventory was about 23.145 (±7.11) and partner anxiety associated factors checklist was 19.94 (±6.54). A significant association was found with a p value < 0.05 between the education and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.041), Trait Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.024); between job and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.046) and Partner Anxiety Associated factor Checklist (p value – 0.026); income and State Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.031), Trait Anxiety Inventory (p value – 0.008); the years of marriage and Partner Anxiety Associated factor Checklist (p value – 0.022).

Conclusion: Nurses and Obstetricians need to provide family-centred pre-operative counselling, understand the psychological factors that contribute to caregivers' anxiety and include them in pre-anaesthesia counselling.
Exploring scaling of inclusive home-based early learning initiative in Liberia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Samuel Nyan Duo  , Edwin Yeliky Gonquoi
Published: January 2025

This study explored the opportunities and challenges in scaling inclusive home-based early learning in Liberia, focusing on five communities: Zolowee, Sehyikimpa, Zuluyee, Dingamo, and Nengbein in the Sanniquellie-Mahn and Bain-Garr Districts of Nimba County, Liberia. Data collected from 88 respondents revealed a lack of knowledge about home-based schools but a strong willingness to support their establishment. The findings indicate that quality Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) services can be promoted through child development workshops, home visits, community children’s reading clubs, organized play and game events, and the recruitment of home-based teachers. Equipping untrained teachers with play-based pedagogical skills is crucial but currently lacking, while encouraging fathers to share caregiving responsibilities could help overcome traditional gender role challenges. The study concludes that improving access to quality ECCE services in home-based schools requires workshops, home visits, reading clubs, play events, and recruiting home-based teachers. Adapting cultural norms to support play-based learning fosters inclusivity, while raising awareness encourages fathers to share caregiving responsibilities. The study recommends establishing home-based schools, facilitated and supervised by Nimba University and the Liberian Ministry of Education.
Enhancing elementary literacy: Developing Canva-based picture storybooks for engaging language learning
Authors: Sri Ayu B. Angio  , Rusmin Husain  , Sayama Malabar
Published: January 2025

This study developed and evaluated Canva-based picture storybooks as instructional media for second-grade Bahasa Indonesia lessons at SDN 3 Batudaa, Gorontalo. The research aimed to address the limitations of traditional textbooks, which lacked visual appeal and failed to engage students effectively. Utilizing the ADDIE development model, the study identified instructional challenges, designed visually enriched storybooks aligned with the national curriculum, and tested their practicality and effectiveness in classroom settings. The methodology included observations, interviews, and questionnaires to assess initial conditions and validate the developed media. Experts in language, media design, and subject content provided iterative feedback, ensuring the storybooks’ quality and relevance. The implementation phase involved small-scale and large-scale trials, with 24 students participating in the latter. The findings demonstrated that the Canva-based storybooks significantly enhanced student engagement, comprehension, and participation, with a high practicality score of 96%. Teachers reported ease of integration and improved classroom dynamics. These results underscore the potential of digital tools like Canva in creating culturally relevant and engaging instructional materials for elementary education. This study highlights a scalable and effective approach to integrating digital media into primary education, with implications for improving literacy and fostering active learning. Future research should explore its application across diverse subjects and educational contexts.
Child nutrition and artistic gymnastics
Authors: Eduardo Honório  , João Guilherme Sctuatspa  , Maria Gisele dos Santos  , Letícia Bartolomeu Lima  , Soraya Correa Domingues
Published: January 2025

Child nutrition is a key element for children's physical, cognitive, and emotional development. When combined with the practice of sports such as artistic gymnastics, food plays an even more critical role. This sport requires strength, flexibility, agility, balance and endurance, in addition to promoting intense energy expenditure. Therefore, a balanced diet that is appropriate to individual needs is essential for healthy growth, athletic performance and the prevention of health problems. Childhood is marked by accelerated growth, in which the body demands energy and nutrients for the development of bones, muscles, and metabolic functions. For children who practice artistic gymnastics, nutrition goes beyond the basics and must meet specific needs.
Midwife Professionalism and Patient Satisfaction in Reproductive Midwifery Services: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Herliana Herliana
Published: January 2025

Maternal and infant mortality rates in Indonesia remain a health issue that requires serious attention, especially in regions with limited healthcare facilities. Midwives' professionalism is essential in addressing this issue, as midwives are the primary providers of reproductive midwifery services. This study aims to identify the relationship between midwives' professionalism and patient satisfaction at PMB Nurhasanah, Bandar Lampung. The study employs a descriptive correlational design with a quantitative approach, involving 114 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire that assesses midwives' professionalism through aspects of competence, ethics, communication, and empathy and measures patient satisfaction levels. The results show that most respondents (51%) rated midwives' professionalism as high, while 78% expressed their satisfaction at a moderate level. Pearson correlation analysis indicates a significant relationship between midwives' professionalism and patient satisfaction (p-value = 0.017), suggesting that improving midwives' professionalism positively correlates with increased patient satisfaction. These findings align with previous research, highlighting that midwives' professionalism, especially in communication and responsiveness, dramatically affects the quality of maternal and child healthcare services. Based on these results, this study recommends continuous training focused on developing ethics and communication skills for midwives. Furthermore, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of patient satisfaction factors. It encourages policies to strengthen midwives' professionalism to improve the quality of midwifery services locally.
EXPLORING RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN THE HALAQAH EDUCATION SYSTEM OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN SOCIO-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Syahril Syahril , Fajri Suryadi , Duski Fatmi Fauzani , Putri Aulia Rahmi , Zulpadrianto Zulpadrianto
Published: January 2025

This study explores religious moderation within the halaqah education system in West Sumatra, emphasizing the integration of tolerance, harmony, and local wisdom into its curriculum and teaching methods. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research investigates how halaqah education shapes the character of santri and upholds moderate Islamic traditions in the community. The findings reveal that halaqah education remains highly relevant in West Sumatran society due to its ability to adapt to contemporary developments while preserving traditional values. This system has proven effective in fostering religious moderation, promoting tolerance, and nurturing respect for diversity. Consequently, halaqah education serves not only as a platform for transmitting religious knowledge but also as a tool for developing the character of santri to be moderate and open-minded. The study concludes that halaqah-based education significantly contributes to sustaining moderate Islamic traditions, addressing the challenges of modernity, and enhancing social cohesion in a multicultural context.
Keywords: Halaqah, religious moderation, local wisdom, West Sumatra
A. Toffler's Civilization Waves and Cycles of Economic Development
Authors: Aivazov Аlexander E. , Belikov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2025

Based on the synthesis of scientific forecasts of the 20th-century scientists, the article considers civilization waves in the history of human development.
The authors also define the economic basis for their formation, development and change provided by the formation, development and change of technological paradigms and by technological revolutions leading to the change of paradigms of public management, to the formation and change of systemic cycles of capital accumulation, formation and development of world economic paradigms and their movement to different regions of the world.