bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedents and Consequences of Sustainable Project Management: Evidence from the Construction Industry in China
Authors: Wu Shih-Wei , Yan Yifan , Pan Jialiang , Wu Kun-Shan
Published: August 2023

SPM (sustainable project management) is vital to enhancing the success of projects. Despite several studies dealing with the connection between SPM and project success, this nexus is still insufficiently addressed. Steered by institutional theory and resource-based value theory, the purpose of this article is to investigate not only the link between SPM and SPS (sustainable project success), but also the mediating effect of SPP (sustainable project planning) on this connection, and the antecedent role of the institutional pressures (mimetic isomorphism pressure, MIP; normative isomorphism pressure, NIP) on SPM. To test the proposed hypotheses, this article applies PLS-SEM (partial least squares structural equation modeling) and recruited 365 project professionals who have experience in participating in SPM projects in China’s construction industry. The results confirm that both MIP and NIP significantly affect SPM, with NIP being the most significant. Moreover, the findings evidence that SPM had a significantly positive impact on SPS and SPP, and SPP had a significantly positive effect on SPS. Furthermore, the results also evidence that SPP mediates the effect of SPM on SPS. These findings provide empirical evidence for construction companies to understand SPM in the Chinese construction industry. They may also help policymakers to formulate proper policies to promote SPM to achieve sustainable development.
Effect of Crushing Method on the Properties of Produced Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Authors: Hubert Julien , Zhao Zengfeng , Michel Frédéric , Courard Luc
Published: August 2023

Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) is generated around the world and its quantity will increase in the future. Recycling has become the favored method of dealing with concrete waste but, to avoid its downcycling, it is important to develop a recycling process which is able to produce high-grade recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). To that end, studying the influence of the production process on the properties of RCA can prove to be a crucial step toward a more circular construction industry. In this study, the influence of the crushing method is investigated. Samples of five laboratory-made concretes have been crushed using the most common mechanical crushing methods (impact crusher and jaw crusher), and the particle size distribution, morphology, hardened cement paste content and water absorption of the produced RCA have been measured and analyzed. The findings indicate that the use of impact crushers results in the production of RCA possessing more spherical geometric characteristics, albeit with a broader particle size distribution and a relatively higher content of fine particles as compared to those obtained from jaw crushers. Additionally, it is observed that the employed crushing technique seemingly exerts no discernible impact on the hardened cement paste content and the water absorption in the context of the studied concretes.
Potential Predictive Biomarkers of Systemic Drug Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Anticipated Usefulness in Clinical Practice
Authors: Motomura Kenta , Kuwano Akifumi , Tanaka Kosuke , Koga Yuta , Masumoto Akihide , Yada Masayoshi
Published: August 2023

In the systemic drug treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, only the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sorafenib was available for a period. This was followed by the development of regorafenib as a second-line treatment after sorafenib, and then lenvatinib, a new TKI, proved non-inferiority to sorafenib and became available as a first-line treatment. Subsequently, cabozantinib, another TKI, was introduced as a second-line treatment, along with ramucirumab, the only drug proven to be predictive of therapeutic efficacy when AFP levels are >400 ng/mL. It is an anti-VEGF receptor antibody. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the mainstay of systemic therapy and can now be used as a first-line standard treatment for HCC. However, the objective response rate for these drugs is currently only 30% to 40%, and there is a high incidence of side effects. Additionally, there are no practical biomarkers to predict their therapeutic effects. Therefore, this review provides an overview of extensive research conducted on potential HCC biomarkers from blood, tissue, or imaging information that can be used in practice to predict the therapeutic efficacy of systemic therapy before its initiation.
Cutaneous Metastasis from Internal Malignancies: The Revealing Role of the Skin
Authors: Cazzato Gerardo , Colagrande Anna , Cascardi Eliano , Ingravallo Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

Skin represents the heaviest organ of the human body, covering a surface area of 1 [...]
Advanced Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatments and Survival: A Real-World Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Bimbatti Davide , Pierantoni Francesco , Lai Eleonora , Ballestrin Melissa , Cavasin Nicolò , Erbetta Elisa , De Toni Chiara , Basso Umberto , Maruzzo Marco
Published: August 2023

Background: Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancer. Treatment recommendations are extrapolated from ccRCC and lack solid evidence. Here, we review advanced nccRCC patients treated at our institute. Patients and methods: We collected retrospective data on all advanced nccRCC pts treated at the Istituto Oncologico Veneto from January 2008. We compared overall response rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to histological subtypes and type of systemic treatments. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression were used to estimate and compare PFS and OS. Results: Of 1370 RCC patients, 289 had a diagnosis of nccRCC and 121 were eligible for the analysis. Fifty-three pts showed papillary histology (pRCC), 15 chromophobe; 37 unclassified RCC (NOS-RCC), 16 other histologies. Pts with chromophobe and other hystologies showed poorer survival rates compared to pRCC and NOS-RCC (mOS 10.7 vs. 20.7 vs. 30.7, p = 0.34). Pts treated with combination regimens achieved a better OS (30.7 vs. 13.7, p = 0.10), PFS (12.7 vs. 6.4, p = 0.10) and ORR (42.4% vs. 13.9%, p = 0.002) than those treated with monotherapy. IMDC and Meet-URO score retained their prognostic value. Conclusion: Our retrospective real-life cohort of advanced nccRCC patients shows that immunotherapy-based combinations could improve ORR, PFS and OS compared to TKI monotherapy. Prospective trials for nccRCC patients utilizing novel therapies are ongoing and their results eagerly awaited.
Cyanogel-Based Preparation of Amorphous NiFe Nanoaggregates with Enhanced Activity and Stability for OER
Authors: Li Shun , Wan Jinxin , Liu Zhenyuan , Zhuang Mengdie , Ren Pengyuan , Shi Weilong , Zeng Xiaojun , Yang Jun
Published: August 2023

The development of cost-efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with high efficiency is crucial to widespread applications of water splitting for hydrogen production. In this work, porous three-dimensional (3D) amorphous NiFe nanoaggregates composed of interconnected nanograins were synthesized by a cyanogel-based wet chemical reduction method using the NiCl2/Na4Fe(CN)6 cyanogel as the precursor and NaBH4 as the reducing agent. The influence of the incorporated Fe amount was carefully studied by slightly changing the feeding molar ratios of the Ni/Fe atoms in the precursors. The intrinsic 3D backbone structure of the cyanogel resulted in crystal nuclei tending to generate along with the backbones, which is key to the formation of NiFe nanoaggregates with a porous 3D interconnected structure. The synthesized NiFe nanoaggregates with a 3D interconnected structure and high porosity, as well as the incorporation of Fe, are in favor of high surface area, more active sites, and abundant oxygen vacancies, leading to superior activity and stability of OER in alkaline electrolytes with a low overpotential of 0.35 V at 10 mA cm−2, a high current density of 24.8 mA cm−2 at 1.65 V, a small Tafel slope of 76.9 mV dec−1, and attractive durability in 1 M KOH solution.
Integration of WO3-Doped MoO3 with ZnO Photocatalyst for the Removal of 2-Nitrophenol in Natural Sunlight Illumination
Authors: Mateen Sofia , Nawaz Rabia , Qamar Muhammad Tariq , Ali Shahid , Iqbal Shahid , Aslam Mohammad , Raheel Muhammad , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A.
Published: August 2023

Environmental contamination has become the most pressing issue in recent years. The value of clean water to mankind has sparked interest in heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this study, a novel photocatalyst has been synthesized by integrating WO3-doped MoO3 (WDM) and ZnO through composite formation. The composite nature of the synthesized photocatalyst was confirmed due to the presence of hexagonal ZnO and orthorhombic WDM phases in XRD pattern and scanning electron micrographs. Solid-state absorption spectra and a bandgap analysis showed that WDM-spectral ZnO’s response was better than that of pure ZnO. PL and EIS unveiled the effective role of WDM in suppressing the e−–h+ recombination process and charge-transfer resistance, respectively, in ZnO. The photocatalytic studies showed that WDM-ZnO was able to remove ~90% of 30 ppm 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) with a rate of 1.1 × 10−2 min−1, whereas ~65% 2-NP was removed by ZnO (6.1 × 10−3 min−1 rate) under the exposure of natural sunlight (800 × 102 ± 100 lx). Moreover, ~52% higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal was observed by WDM-ZnO as compared to ZnO. The photocatalytic removal of 2-NP by the produced photocatalysts followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model, as shown by the kinetic studies. The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-trapping established that the photocatalytic removal mechanism of 2-NP over WDM-ZnO in sunlight illumination was mainly triggered by the superoxide anion (O2•−) radical, however, the minor role of hydroxyl (•OH) radicals cannot be completely ignored.
Mitochondrial Properties in Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Authors: Dong Han , Tsai Shih-Yin
Published: August 2023

Mitochondria are the primary source of energy production and are implicated in a wide range of biological processes in most eukaryotic cells. Skeletal muscle heavily relies on mitochondria for energy supplements. In addition to being a powerhouse, mitochondria evoke many functions in skeletal muscle, including regulating calcium and reactive oxygen species levels. A healthy mitochondria population is necessary for the preservation of skeletal muscle homeostasis, while mitochondria dysregulation is linked to numerous myopathies. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on mitochondria function and quality control in skeletal muscle, focusing mainly on in vivo studies of rodents and human subjects. With an emphasis on the interplay between mitochondrial functions concerning the muscle fiber type-specific phenotypes, we also discuss the effect of aging and exercise on the remodeling of skeletal muscle and mitochondria properties.
MT1-MMP as a Key Regulator of Metastasis
Authors: Tanaka Noritaka , Sakamoto Takeharu
Published: August 2023

Membrane type1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a member of metalloproteinases that is tethered to the transmembrane. Its major function in cancer progression is to directly degrade the extracellular matrix components, which are mainly type I–III collagen or indirectly type IV collagen through the activation of MMP-2 with a cooperative function of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). MT1-MMP is expressed as an inactive form (zymogen) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and receives truncation processing via furin for its activation. Upon the appropriate trafficking of MT1-MMP from the ER, the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface membrane, MT1-MMP exhibits proteolytic activities to the surrounding molecules such as extracellular matrix components and cell surface molecules. MT1-MMP also retains a non-proteolytic ability to activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A) via factors inhibiting the HIF-1 (FIH-1)-Mint3-HIF-1 axis, resulting in the upregulation of glucose metabolism and oxygen-independent ATP production. Through various functions of MT1-MMP, cancer cells gain motility on migration/invasion, thus causing metastasis. Despite the long-time efforts spent on the development of MT1-MMP interventions, none have been accomplished yet due to the side effects caused by off-target effects. Recently, MT1-MMP-specific small molecule inhibitors or an antibody have been reported and these inhibitors could potentially be novel agents for cancer treatment.
A Protocol for Organoids from the Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Walz Simon , Pollehne Paul , Geng Ruizhi , Schneider Johannes , Maas Moritz , Aicher Wilhelm K. , Stenzl Arnulf , Amend Bastian , Harland Niklas
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the feasibility of establishing urine-derived tumor organoids from bladder cancer (BC) patients as an alternative to tissue-derived organoids. BC is one of the most common cancers worldwide and current diagnostic methods involve invasive procedures. Here, we investigated the potential of using urine samples, which contain exfoliated tumor cells, to generate urine-derived BC organoids (uBCOs). Urine samples from 29 BC patients were collected and cells were isolated and cultured in a three-dimensional matrix. The establishment and primary expansion of uBCOs were successful in 83% of the specimens investigated. The culturing efficiency of uBCOs was comparable to cancer tissue-derived organoids. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to characterize the uBCOs exhibited similar expressions of BC markers compared to the parental tumor. These findings suggest that urine-derived BC organoids hold promise as a non-invasive tool for studying BC and evaluating therapeutic responses. This approach could potentially minimize the need for invasive procedures and provide a platform for personalized drug screening. Further research in this area may lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies for BC patients.
Quality Improvement Project to Improve Hand Hygiene Compliance in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Chitamanni Pavani , Allana Ahreen , Hand Ivan
Published: August 2023

This quality improvement project aimed to improve hand hygiene (HH) compliance in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The project was conducted over three Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles, with each cycle lasting two months. The interventions included healthcare worker (HCW) education on HH, repetition of education, and immediate feedback to HCWs. Compliance data were collected through covert observations of HCWs in the NICU. The overall compliance rate increased from 31.56% at baseline to 46.64% after the third PDSA cycle. The HH compliance was noted to be relatively low after touching patient care surroundings, at entry and exit from the NICU main unit, before wearing gloves and after removing gloves, at baseline and throughout the three PDSA cycles. HCW education alone did not result in significant improvements, highlighting the need for additional interventions. The study underscores the importance of involving NICU leadership and providing immediate feedback to promote HH compliance. Further efforts should focus on addressing the false sense of security associated with glove usage among HCWs, individual rewards and involving the healthcare staff in the shared goal of increasing HH compliance. Consideration of workload metrics and their impact on compliance could steer future interventions.
Surviving the Immediate Aftermath of a Disaster: A Preliminary Investigation of Adolescents’ Acute Stress Reactions and Mental Health Needs after the 2023 Turkey Earthquakes
Authors: Efendi Gökçe Yağmur , Temeltürk Rahime Duygu , Çakmak Işık Batuhan , Dinçer Mustafa
Published: August 2023

On 6 February, southeastern Turkey and parts of Syria were struck by two powerful earthquakes, one measuring a magnitude of 7.8 and the other, nine hours later, at a magnitude of 7.5. These earthquakes have been recorded as some of the deadliest natural disasters worldwide since the 2010 Haiti earthquake, impacting around 14 million people in Turkey. For trauma survivors, the stressors associated with an event can lead to the development of acute stress disorder (ASD) or other psychiatric disorders. Trauma experiences during adolescence can impact development and affect adolescents differently than adults. Although ASD in adults has been addressed in several studies, there is much less information available about how younger populations respond to acute stress. The aim of our study was to assess the occurrence of ASD among individuals seeking help at the Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Research and Training Hospital Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic following the 2023 Turkey Earthquakes and the factors associated with acute stress reactions. A child and adolescent psychiatry specialist conducted psychiatric interviews with the adolescents, and the individuals were also asked to complete ‘The National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale’ (NSESSS) to evaluate acute stress symptoms. ASD diagnoses were established according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Results showed that 81.6% of the participants (n = 49) were diagnosed with ASD, and drug treatment was initiated in 61.7% of the cases (n = 37). It was determined that ASD rates did not differ according to gender, and patients without physical injury had higher acute stress symptom scores (p > 0.05). According to the logistic regression models, paternal educational levels and adolescents’ own requests for psychiatric assistance were predictors of acute stress disorder (OR 10.1, β = 2.31, p = 0.006 and OR 16.9, 95 β = 2.83, p = 0.001, respectively). Our findings revealed striking results in demonstrating the need for careful evaluation of adolescents without physical injury in terms of acute stress disorder and the need to pay close attention to the psychiatric complaints of adolescents willing to seek mental health assistance. Moreover, our study suggests that the proportion of adolescents experiencing acute stress symptoms after earthquakes might be higher than previously reported. Estimation of the incidence rate and symptoms of psychiatric distress in the short-term period following a disaster is important for establishing disaster epidemiology and implementing efficient relief efforts in the early stages. The outcomes of this study have the potential to yield novel insights into the realms of disaster mental health and emergency response policies, as well as their pragmatic implementations.
Rectal Biopsy for Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Multicentre Study Involving Biopsy Technique, Pathology and Complications
Authors: Vervloet Gil , De Backer Antoine , Heyman Stijn , Leyman Paul , Van Cauwenberge Sebastiaan , Vanderlinden Kim , Vercauteren Charlotte , Vervloessem Dirk , Miserez Marc
Published: August 2023

Background: The heterogeneity of rectal biopsy techniques has encouraged us to search for a surgical and pathological standardisation of this diagnostic technique to exclude Hirschsprung’s disease. The different amounts of information on the anatomopathology report prompted us to compile a template for the anatomopathology report for diagnostic rectal biopsies for surgical colleagues and pathologists working on Hirschsprung’s disease. Methods: We gathered the anonymous biopsy information and its pathology information from five hospitals for all patients in which rectal biopsies were taken to diagnose Hirschsprung’s disease over two years (2020–2021). Results: Of the 82 biopsies, 20 suction (24.4%), 31 punch (37.8%) and 31 open biopsies (37.8%) were taken. Of all biopsies, 69 were conclusive (84.2%), 13 were not (15.8%). In the suction biopsy group, 60% were conclusive and 40% were not; for punch biopsy, the values were 87% and 13%, respectively and for open biopsy, 97% and 3%. Inconclusive results were due to insufficient submucosa in 6/8 suction biopsies, 4/4 punch biopsies and 0/1 open biopsies. An insufficient amount of submucosa was the reason for an inconclusive result in 6/20 cases (30%) after suction biopsy, 4/31 (12.9%) cases after punch biopsy and 0 cases (0%) after open biopsy. We had one case with major postoperative bleeding post suction biopsy; there were no further adverse effects after biopsy. Conclusions: Diagnostic rectal biopsies in children are safe. Non-surgical biopsies are more likely to give inconclusive results due to smaller amounts of submucosa present in the specimen. Open biopsies are especially useful when previous non-surgical biopsies are inconclusive. An experienced pathologist is a key factor for the result. The anatomopathology report should specify the different layers present in the specimen, the presence of ganglion cells and hypertrophic nerve fibres, their description and a conclusion.
A National Survey on the Clinical Practice Patterns of Korean Medicine Doctors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lee Jihong
Published: August 2023

To alleviate the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and reduce the side effects of psychostimulants, parents are opting for complementary and alternative medicine as a therapeutic option. Korean medicine (KM) has been used by Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) to treat ADHD with herbal medication and acupuncture. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the clinical practice patterns of KM for ADHD in children targeting KMDs. The questionnaire included aspects related to patient characteristics, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and perceptions regarding KM. Questionnaires were distributed to all KMDs via e-mail, and the online surveys were conducted from 1 to 15 February 2023. A total 2.1% of KMDs (n = 537/25,574) completed the survey. The predominant diagnostic pattern identification employed was “depressed liver qi transforming into fire” (19.8%). Herbal medicine (HM) was the most common treatment (44.2%). The most frequently used HM prescriptions were Ondam-tang (16.9%), Eokgan-san (15.7%), and Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang (14.4%). KMDs recognized HM as the most effective among the KM treatments (54.3%). The results of this study elucidate the current clinical practice patterns of KM for ADHD. Based on these findings, a treatment protocol can be developed to provide optimized KM treatment services to patients with ADHD.
The Association of Serum Uric Acid Levels and Various Uric Acid-Related Ratios with Insulin Resistance and Obesity: A Preliminary Study in Adolescents
Authors: Dikker Okan , Aktaş Ayşe , Şahin Mustafa , Doğan Murat , Dağ Hüseyin
Published: August 2023

Background: Studies have shown that serum uric acid levels and uric acid-related ratios, such as uric acid-to-albumin ratio (UAR), uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (UCR), uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) ratio (UHR), and uric acid-to-lymphocyte ratio (ULR), are associated with various diseases and their complications, and that these ratios can be used as biomarkers. In the current study, we aimed to investigate uric acid levels in obese adolescents and the relationship of uric acid-related ratios with insulin resistance and obesity for the first time in the literature. Methods: A total of 100 adolescents (60 obese and 40 healthy) aged 10–17 years were retrospectively included. Participants were assigned to two groups: the obese group and the healthy control group. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) >the 95th percentile for age and gender. Demographic and laboratory data (serum glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), insulin levels, and complete blood count) were obtained from the laboratory information management system. A homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), and uric acid-related ratios were calculated. Results: Uric acid, UAR, UCR, and UHR levels of obese adolescents were significantly higher than the healthy group (p < 0.05). We found that HOMA-IR was positively correlated with uric acid, UAR, and UHR. No correlation was found between BMI and uric acid or uric acid-related ratios. We did not find any difference between the two groups in terms of ULR levels, and we did not find any correlation between BMI and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: High levels of serum uric acid, UAR, UCR, and UHR were associated with obesity. Furthermore, we found that uric acid, UAR, and UHR were positively correlated with insulin resistance.
Performance and Properties of a Ti-Al Composite Anodic Oxide Film on AC-Etched Al Foil
Authors: Ban Chaolei , Luo Xiangjun , Sun Jinchao , Wu Qingxu , Yin Yibin
Published: August 2023

AC-etched aluminum foils for an Al electrolytic capacitor were covered with a TiO2 film by a sol–gel coating and then anodized to 25 V in an ammonium adipate solution. The structure, properties, and performance of the anodic oxide films were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS), a general digital LCR meter, a TV characteristic tester, and multicycle pulse charging–discharging. It was found that the anodizing of aluminum coated with TiO2 films led to the formation of Al-Ti composite anodic oxide films, which consist of an outer Al-Ti composite oxide layer and an inner Al2O3 layer on the metal substrate. The capacitance (C25V) of the anodic oxide films formed on specimens with a TiO2 coating was about 10% larger than without a TiO2 coating. The specific resistance (Rox) of the Al-Ti composite film measured by EIS was lower than the blank one, accounting for a greater increase in the rise time (Tr) and a slight reduction in the withstand voltage (Vt). After hydration and a multicycle pulse charging–discharging destructive test, the Al-Ti composite anodic oxide film maintained the same good, comprehensive dielectric properties and performance as the blank one, thereby proving to be promising for acting as dielectric layers.
Effect of High-Temperature Thermal Shock on Solar Absorption Rate of Alumina Coating
Authors: Liu Chen , Wang Weize , Yang Ting , Liu Yangguang , Tang Zhongxiang , Liu Wei , Liu Shuainan
Published: August 2023

With the development of the aerospace industry, the close exploration of the Sun has become a human demand. However, close-range exploration means that the detection satellite needs to accept the test of high temperatures above 1400 °C, so a thermal protective coating is a necessary part of the detection satellite to isolate heat and reflected light. Al2O3 coating has the characteristics of high emissivity and low absorptivity, and it is the best choice for thermal protection coating. However, the coating is subjected to thermal cycles, including heating and cooling, as the satellite rotates around the Sun, which could result in a change in the structure and properties of the coating. Therefore, thermal shock experiments were carried out, and the influence of microstructure on the absorption rate of the Al2O3 coating was investigated. In this study, an Al2O3 coating was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The coating was subjected to a thermal shock (TS) test at 1400 °C using a self-made flame shock device, and coating samples under different thermal shock degrees were obtained. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the coating pores, and the effects of the coating pore size, aspect ratio (A/R) and cracks in the coating on the optical properties of the coating under different thermal shock degrees were analyzed. In order to clarify the influence of coating microstructure changes on the optical properties of the coating under different thermal shock degrees, not only relevant experiments were carried out, but also the solar reflectivity of Al2O3 coatings with different pore structures was analyzed by the finite element method using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). The results show that increasing the porosity and aspect ratio of the pores can improve the partial solar absorption of the coating. It was also found that the transverse crack propagation improves the solar reflectance of the coating.
Induction Heating Characteristics of Electroless Ni-Coated CFRP for Deicing and Anti-Icing
Authors: Pang Jie , Qin Wenfeng , You Wentao , Zhong Mian , Meng Qing’an
Published: August 2023

Ice accumulation on the surface of aircraft is a serious threat to flight safety and a fatal factor causing air accidents. However, traditional aircraft deicing methods no longer meet the requirements of safe flight due to changes in aircraft structural materials. In recent years, the application of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials in the aviation structure industry has increased. In this study, we demonstrate an economical, easy-to-prepare, and pollution-free approach to deice an aircraft through induction heating. The nickel-coated carbon fiber-reinforced polymer used as the induction heater for aircraft deicing is obtained by electroless nickel plating on the surface of the CFRP. The result shows that it takes just 110 s to achieve a temperature of 205 °C on the nickel-plated CFRP when the input voltage is 30 V, as well as melting the ice layer with a thickness of 30 mm, while the temperature of this material can reach up to 81 °C by electric heating when the input voltage is 1.5 V. Meanwhile, the nickel-plated CFRP exhibits good repeatability during the induction heating. Based on the excellent electrothermal properties, the nickel-plated CFRP polymer shows a prominent deicing ability, which provides a promising strategy for the deicing of aircraft.
Robust Conveniently Sealable Container for High-Temperature Single-Crystal Growth Out of Reactive Melts with High Vapor Pressure
Authors: Püttmann Jutta , Sangeetha N. S. , Thomas Teslin R. , Meermann Jörg , Kreyssig Andreas , Böhmer Anna E.
Published: August 2023

The high-temperature crystal growth of intermetallics often asks for sealing of the materials in a protective atmosphere. Here, we report on the development of a convenient sealing method for alkali-containing melts, with high vapor pressure and reactivity. Our newly designed container made of high-temperature resistant steel can be sealed manually and reliably without any air exposure of the containing material. The closed container may be heated in air up to at least 1150 °C. The containers were applied for the development and optimization of a high-temperature self-flux growth of KFe1−xAg1+yCh2 (Ch = Se, Te) single crystals. Their crystal structure and the low-temperature electrical resistance are presented. The successful growths of these air-sensitive materials out of a reactive self-flux confirm the reliability of the container.
Nanoarchitectonics and Molecular Docking of 4-(Dimethylamino)Pyridin-1-Ium 2-3 Methyl-4-Oxo-Pyri-Do[1,2-a]Pyrimidine-3-Carboxylate
Authors: Lahmidi Sanae , Anouar El Hassane , Ettahiri Walid , El Hafi Mohamed , Lazrak Fatima , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Alanazi Ashwag S. , Hefnawy Mohamed , Essassi El Mokhtar , Mague Joel T.
Published: August 2023

A retro-Claisen reaction of 1-(4-oxo-4H-pyrido [1,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)butane-1,3-dione, 3, in the presence of potassium hydroxide and 4-dimethylamino-pyridine has been carried out, leading to 4-(dimethylamino)pyridin-1-ium 2-methyl-4-oxo-pyrido [1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate 5. A plausible mechanism explaining the formation of the title compound has been proposed. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the crystal structure of the isolated organic salt (5). In the crystal, the title compound adopts a layered structure where there are stacks of cations and anions formed by slipped π-stacking interactions. These stacks are linked by regions consisting of water molecules that are hydrogen-bonded together. DFT and Hirshfeld surface analysis supported the experimental results of the molecular geometry and the intercontacts between different units in the crystal. The druglikeness, ADMET properties, and predicted targets were investigated, and the observed results suggest that 5 may act as a carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor. The assumption is confirmed by docking 5 into the active binding site of carbonic anhydrase, which shows it to have good binding affinities and to form stable complexes with the active residues of carbonic anhydrase I.
A Study on Milk and Caciocavallo Cheese from Podolica Breed in Basilicata, Italy
Authors: Natrella Giuseppe , De Palo Pasquale , Maggiolino Aristide , Faccia Michele
Published: August 2023

A study was undertaken on milk and caciocavallo cheese from Podolica cattle in the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy), with a view of the possible identification of specific traits useful to protect them from imitations. More than 800 individual milk samples and 29 bulk milk samples were taken in spring–early summer from cows registered in the genealogical book of the breed; moreover, 18 samples of caciocavallo cheese were taken in the same geographical area, 9 of which had been manufactured from Podolica milk. The obtained results confirmed the high aptitude of Podolica milk to cheesemaking, even though the exceptional dry weather in the period of sampling decreased the fat content with respect to the literature data. The presence of the variant A of α-lactalbumin, a characteristic trait of Podolica milk, was ascertained in only 14% of the animals considered in the study, indicating that this feature is disappearing in the population under study. The results on caciocavallo gave useful indications, because some possible peculiar characteristics were identified, such as the lower protein to fat ratio and some aroma descriptors. More research is needed to assess if these characteristics can be used for developing a multi-functional protocol, to be extended to all Italian Podolica populations, able to discriminate the cheese from imitations. In this perspective, the application of selection strategies for increasing the frequency of the variant A of α-lactalbumin should be carefully evaluated.
Multi-Material 3D-Printing Nozzle Design Based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving and Knowledge Graph
Authors: Tian Chenyu , Xue Hao , Fang Kaijin , Zhang Kai , Tian Guiyun
Published: August 2023

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology is an emerging technology with promising applications, with the nozzle playing a crucial role in extrusion, heating, and material ejection. However, most current extrusion-based 3D printers handle only single-material printing, making the integration of multiple materials through a single nozzle challenging due to compromised quality and clogging risks. This paper introduces a method to design multi-material 3D printing nozzles using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and knowledge graph (KG). By optimizing design and leveraging TRIZ’s contradiction resolution principle, this study addressed bottlenecks and complexities in multi-material nozzle design, providing insightful recommendations. A patent knowledge graph focused on spray nozzles was created, storing material properties, design elements, and constraints for enhanced knowledge sharing. Building on identified challenges and recommendations, the study utilized keyword searches and associative paths in the knowledge graph to guide designers in generating innovative solutions. Validation was achieved through two distinct nozzle design models resulting from guided innovations. The TRIZ-KG methodology presented in this paper provides designers with a systematic cognitive framework to empower designers in overcoming technical obstacles and proposing precise solutions.
User Experience Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Tool Used for 3D Modelling in Industrial Design Education: A Study in the Indian Context
Authors: Banerjee Shakti , Chowdhury Anirban , Yein Nilakshi
Published: August 2023

Virtual reality (VR) technology has recently been adopted by educators for use in the classroom. Currently, this educational model includes not only lectures with teachers in the online classroom but also practical sessions using online platforms. Few studies have explored the potential of pedagogical approaches to implementing VR in the classroom for the purpose of design education. The focus of this paper was to study the learning experiences of the 3D visualisation of products among industrial design students through the strategic implementation of virtual reality technology. A within-subjects comparative study was conducted to measure cognitive workload and engagement and enjoyment, while a 3D modelling task was given using two different set-ups (conventional 3D software versus VR-based software). The statistical results show that the NASA-TLX score was lower in the case of the VR-based 3D modelling exercise compared to the conventional 3D software-based exercise. On the other hand, the mean values were higher for the engagement and enjoyment and usability scores, which means that the VR-based experience for 3D modelling was better than the traditional modelling experience using conventional software. Hence, there are possibilities to implement VR-based 3D modelling tools for online industrial design education for 3D visualisation in the near future.
New Non-Invasive Imaging Technologies in Cardiac Transplant Follow-Up: Acquired Evidence and Future Options
Authors: Pergola Valeria , Mattesi Giulia , Cozza Elena , Pradegan Nicola , Tessari Chiara , Dellino Carlo Maria , Savo Maria Teresa , Amato Filippo , Cecere Annagrazia , Perazzolo Marra Martina , Tona Francesco , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , De Conti Giorgio , Gerosa Gino , Iliceto Sabino , Motta Raffaella
Published: August 2023

Heart transplantation (HT) is the established treatment for end-stage heart failure, significantly enhancing patients’ survival and quality of life. To ensure optimal outcomes, the routine monitoring of HT recipients is paramount. While existing guidelines offer guidance on a blend of invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques, certain aspects such as the timing of echocardiographic assessments and the role of echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as alternatives to serial endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) for rejection monitoring are not specifically outlined in the guidelines. Furthermore, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is still recommended as the gold-standard procedure, usually performed one year after surgery and every two years thereafter. This review focuses on recent advancements in non-invasive and contrast-saving imaging techniques that have been investigated for HT patients. The aim of the manuscript is to identify imaging modalities that may potentially replace or reduce the need for invasive procedures such as ICA and EMB, considering their respective advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the transformative potential of non-invasive techniques in elevating patient care. Advanced echocardiography techniques, including strain imaging and tissue Doppler imaging, offer enhanced insights into cardiac function, while CMR, through its multi-parametric mapping techniques, such as T1 and T2 mapping, allows for the non-invasive assessment of inflammation and tissue characterization. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT), particularly with its ability to evaluate coronary artery disease and assess graft vasculopathy, emerges as an integral tool in the follow-up of HT patients. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging, including myocardial blood flow quantification, as a non-invasive method for diagnosing and prognosticating CAV. These advanced imaging approaches hold promise in mitigating the need for invasive procedures like ICA and EMB when evaluating the benefits and limitations of each modality.
Deep-Learning-Based Image Denoising in Imaging of Urolithiasis: Assessment of Image Quality and Comparison to State-of-the-Art Iterative Reconstructions
Authors: Terzis Robert , Reimer Robert Peter , Nelles Christian , Celik Erkan , Caldeira Liliana , Heidenreich Axel , Storz Enno , Maintz David , Zopfs David , Große Hokamp Nils
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to compare the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of deep-learning-based image denoising reconstructions (DLIDs) to established iterative reconstructed algorithms in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of patients with suspected urolithiasis. LDCTs (CTDIvol, 2 mGy) of 76 patients (age: 40.3 ± 5.2 years, M/W: 51/25) with suspected urolithiasis were retrospectively included. Filtered-back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative and model-based iterative reconstruction (HIR/MBIR, respectively) were reconstructed. FBP images were processed using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved DLID. ROIs were placed in renal parenchyma, fat, muscle and urinary bladder. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR/CNR, respectively) were calculated. Two radiologists evaluated image quality on five-point Likert scales and urinary stones. The results showed a progressive decrease in image noise from FBP, HIR and DLID to MBIR with significant differences between each method (p < 0.05). SNR and CNR were comparable between MBIR and DLID, while it was significantly lower in HIR followed by FBP (e.g., SNR: 1.5 ± 0.3; 1.4 ± 0.4; 1.0 ± 0.3; 0.7 ± 0.2, p < 0.05). Subjective analysis confirmed best image quality in MBIR, followed by DLID and HIR, both being superior to FBP (p < 0.05). Diagnostic accuracy for urinary stone detection was best using MBIR (0.94), lowest using FBP (0.84) and comparable between DLID (0.90) and HIR (0.90). Stone size measurements were consistent between all reconstructions and showed excellent correlation (r2 = 0.958–0.975). In conclusion, MBIR yielded the highest image quality and diagnostic accuracy, with DLID producing better results than HIR and FBP in image quality and matching HIR in diagnostic precision.
An Evaluation of Lymphedema Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Rat Limb Model Approach
Authors: Nikolaev V. V. , Trimassov I. A. , Amirchanov D. S. , Shirshin E. A. , Krivova N. A. , Beliaeva S. A. , Sandykova E. A. , Kistenev Yu. V.
Published: August 2023

Lymphedema is a pathology caused by poor lymphatic flow which may lead to complete disability. Currently, precise, non-invasive techniques for quantifying lymphedema are lacking. In this paper, the results of an in vivo assessment of lymphedema via a developed small-animal model using the hindlimbs of rats and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique are presented. This model of lymphedema was based on a surgical lymph node resection and subsequent two-step X-ray exposure. The development of lymphedema was verified via the histological examination of tissue biopsies. The properties of the lymphedematous skin were analyzed in vivo and compared with healthy skin via OCT. The main differences observed were (1) a thickening of the stratum corneum layer, (2) a thinning of the viable epidermis layer, and (3) higher signal attenuation in the dermis layer of the lymphedematous skin. Based on the distribution of the OCT signal’s intensity in the skin, a machine learning algorithm was developed which allowed for a classification of normal and lymphedematous tissue sites with an accuracy of 90%. The obtained results pave the way for in vivo control over the development of lymphedema.
Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Elbehiry Ayman , Marzouk Eman , Moussa Ihab , Anagreyyah Sulaiman , AlGhamdi Abdulaziz , Alqarni Ali , Aljohani Ahmed , Hemeg Hassan A. , Almuzaini Abdulaziz M. , Alzaben Feras , Abalkhail Adil , Alsubki Roua A. , Najdi Ali , Algohani Nawaf , Abead Banan , Gazzaz Bassam , Abu-Okail Akram
Published: August 2023

In hospitals and other clinical settings, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a particularly dangerous pathogen that can cause serious or even fatal infections. Thus, the detection and differentiation of MRSA has become an urgent matter in order to provide appropriate treatment and timely intervention in infection control. To ensure this, laboratories must have access to the most up-to-date testing methods and technology available. This study was conducted to determine whether protein fingerprinting technology could be used to identify and distinguish MRSA recovered from both inpatients and outpatients. A total of 326 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 2800 in- and outpatient samples collected from King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2018 to March 2021. For the phenotypic identification of 326 probable S. aureus cultures, microscopic analysis, Gram staining, a tube coagulase test, a Staph ID 32 API system, and a Vitek 2 Compact system were used. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), referred to as protein fingerprinting, was performed on each bacterial isolate to determine its proteomic composition. As part of the analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a single-peak analysis of MALDI-TOF MS software were also used to distinguish between Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. According to the results, S. aureus isolates constituted 326 out of 2800 (11.64%) based on the culture technique. The Staph ID 32 API system and Vitek 2 Compact System were able to correctly identify 262 (80.7%) and 281 (86.2%) S. aureus strains, respectively. Based on the Oxacillin Disc Diffusion Method, 197 (62.23%) of 326 isolates of S. aureus exhibited a cefoxitin inhibition zone of less than 21 mm and an oxacillin inhibition zone of less than 10 mm, and were classified as MRSA under Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. MALDI-TOF MS was able to correctly identify 100% of all S. aureus isolates with a score value equal to or greater than 2.00. In addition, a close relationship was found between S. aureus isolates and higher peak intensities in the mass ranges of 3990 Da, 4120 Da, and 5850 Da, which were found in MRSA isolates but absent in MSSA isolates. Therefore, protein fingerprinting has the potential to be used in clinical settings to rapidly detect and differentiate MRSA isolates, allowing for more targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.