bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of camel milk lactoferrin peptides against breast cancer cells: in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Baothman Othman , Ali Ehab M. M. , Alguridi Hassan , Hosawi Salman , Konozy Emadeldin Hassan E. , Abu Zeid Isam M. , Ahmad Abrar , Altayb Hisham N.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Despite advancements in cancer therapeutics, effective treatments with minimal side effects remain elusive. Natural sources, such as camel milk, harbor bioactive compounds such as lactoferrin peptides, which hold promise as anticancer agents. This study investigated the potential of camel milk-derived lactoferrin peptides against breast cancer cells through a combined in silico and in vitro approach. By integrating computational modeling with experimental assays, we aimed to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of these peptides and provide insights for their optimization as anticancer therapeutics.

Methods

In silico analysis involving pepetid design, and validation, then molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was used to explore peptide-protein interactions and stability. Peptides were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity using MTT assays on MCF-7 cells, with HDFa normal cells used as controls.

Results

Results of this study showed that camel milk-derived lactoferrin peptides, particularly PEP66, exhibited strong anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 value (52.82 μg/mL) compared to other peptides. In silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that PEP66 formed stable interactions with key residues in the HER2 catalytic site, indicating its potential as an effective anticancer agent. The selectivity index (SI) of PEP66 (3.19) also suggested lower toxicity to normal cells compared to cancer cells, reinforcing its therapeutic potential. Hydrogen bonding analysis highlighted key residues involved in stabilizing peptide-protein complexes, while molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the stability of these interactions over time. Notably, PEP66 exhibited the highest stability and formed significant interactions with essential residues in the HER2 catalytic site, suggesting its potential as an effective anticancer agent.

Conclusion

Camel milk-derived lactoferrin peptides show promise as anticancer agents against breast cancer cells. The multidisciplinary approach employed in this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying their activity, paving the way for rational design strategies to enhance their efficacy. Further experimental validation is warranted to validate the anticancer potential of these peptides and advance their development as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment.
Mechanistic insights into the regression of atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Song Jianshu , Cao Ce , Wang Ziyan , Li Haoran , Yang Lili , Kang Jing , Meng Hongxu , Li Lei , Liu Jianxun
Published: November 2024

Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and mortality globally. The progression of atherosclerotic disease results in the expansion of plaques and the development of necrotic cores. Subsequent plaque rupture can lead to thrombosis, occluding blood vessels, and end-organ ischemia with consequential ischemic injury. Atherosclerotic plaques are formed by the accumulation of lipid particles overloaded in the subendothelial layer of blood vessels. Abnormally elevated blood lipid levels and impaired endothelial function are the initial factors leading to atherosclerosis. The atherosclerosis research has never been interrupted, and the previous view was that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an irreversible and chronic process. However, recent studies have found that the progression of atherosclerosis can be halted when patients’ blood lipid levels are reversed to normal or lower. A large number of studies indicates that it can inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis lesions and promote the regression of atherosclerotic plaques and necrotic cores by lowering blood lipid levels, improving the repair ability of vascular endothelial cells, promoting the reverse cholesterol transport in plaque foam cells and enhancing the ability of macrophages to phagocytize and clear the necrotic core of plaque. This article reviews the progress of research on the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque regression. Our goal is to provide guidance for developing better therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis by reviewing and analyzing the latest scientific findings.
Temporal atrophy together with verbal encoding impairment is highly predictive for cognitive decline in typical Alzheimer’s dementia – a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Doganyigit Burak , Defrancesco Michaela , Schurr Timo , Steiger Ruth , Gizewski Elke R. , Mangesius Stephanie , Galijasevic Malik , Hofer Alex , Tuovinen Noora
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has created an urgent need for rapid and cost-effective methods to diagnose and monitor people at all stages of the disease. Progressive memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy are key features of the most common so-called typical variant of AD. However, studies evaluating detailed cognitive measures combined with region of interest (ROI)-based imaging markers of progression over the long term in the AD dementia (ADD) stage are rare.

Method

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study in patients with mild to moderate ADD (aged 60-92 years). They underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3 Tesla, MPRAGE) as well as clinical and neuropsychological examination (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease [CERAD] -Plus test battery) at baseline and at least one follow-up visit. ROI-based brain structural analysis of baseline MRIs was performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT) 12. Clinical dementia progression (progression index [PI]) was measured by the annual decline in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. MRI, demographic, and neuropsychological data were included in univariate and multiple linear regression models to predict the PI.

Results

104 ADD patients (age 63 to 90 years, 73% female, mean MMSE score 22.63 ± 3.77, mean follow-up 4.27 ± 2.15 years) and 32 age- and gender-matched cognitively intact controls were included. The pattern of gray matter (GM) atrophy and the cognitive profile were consistent with the amnestic/typical variant of ADD in all patients. Deficits in word list learning together with temporal lobe GM atrophy had the highest predictive value for rapid cognitive decline in the multiple linear regression model, accounting for 25.4% of the PI variance.

Discussion

Our results show that temporal atrophy together with deficits in the encoding of verbal material, rather than in immediate or delayed recall, is highly predictive for rapid cognitive decline in patients with mild to moderate amnestic/typical ADD. These findings point to the relevance of combining detailed cognitive and automated structural imaging analyses to predict clinical progression in patients with ADD.
Health-related quality of life of HIV patients with comorbidities of hypertension or diabetes in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Richmond , Kwarteng Emmanuel Bugyei , Bawua Serwaa Akoto , Otoo Desmond Dzidzornu , Nonvignon Justice
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical studies, particularly in the context of HIV/AIDS, have utilized health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health state utility values to assess both clinical and economic implications. Improvement in HIV management with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has coincided with an increased morbidity of chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension among people living with HIV. The study offers empirical evidence establishing a link between HIV, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, and their collective impact on HRQoL.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative study among 418 HIV patients in three regions of Ghana in the Savannah, Middle Belt, and Coastal belt. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) in combination with EuroQol-Visual Analog Scales (EQ-VAS). Ugandan EQ-5D-5L value set was used for computing the utility values. Patients' socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records and analyzed descriptively. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to evaluate the relationship between patient socio-demographic and clinical variables and health status.

Results

Overall median utility value was 0.93(IQR=0.79, 1.00) from the EQ-5D index and 90 (IQR = 80, 100) from the EQ-VAS scores. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were 9.1% and 2.4% respectively. There was significant difference in EQ-VAS score between HIV patients with hypertension and those without hypertension (z = 2.146 p = 0.032). There was also a significant difference in the EQ-VAS scores (z = 2.381, p = 0.017) of patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. Region, sex, age, education, marital status, employment status, place of residence, monthly income level, duration of infection, adherence to ART, and other illness were significantly associated with EQ-5D-5L utility and EQ-VAS scores at 0.05 significant level.

Conclusion

HRQoL among HIV positive individuals in Ghana was high. Comorbidities such as hypertension or diabetes had nuanced effects on perceived health status. A patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to HIV care should be adopted considering regional differences and the presence of comorbidities.
Associations of exposure to blood heavy metal mixtures with Toxoplasma infection among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Jing , Xing Chen , Chen Yuting , Shen Jilu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Research increasingly links environmental exposure to toxic metals with health risks, yet the effect of combined metal exposure on Toxoplasma infection remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between concurrent heavy metal exposure and Toxoplasma infection in adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from 10,746 adults aged 20–80 from NHANES, with 1,869 positive for Toxoplasma gondii IgG. The study assessed associations between lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) with Toxoplasma infection risk using single-metal logistic regression, RCS analysis, WQS regression, and qgcomp models.

Results

Each metal showed an independent association with Toxoplasma infection risk. Pb had a non-linear association, while Hg had a linear one. Analysis of multiple metals indicated a positive correlation between heavy metal exposure and infection risk, particularly in younger and middle-aged adults, with Pb showing the strongest link.

Discussion

Our findings reveal a significant association between heavy metal exposure and Toxoplasma infection risk, especially in younger demographics, with lead being a key factor. This highlights the importance of understanding environmental metal exposure’s impact on public health and informs the development of prevention strategies.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes mitigate osteoarthritis by restoring the balance between proinflammatory Teffs and Tregs
Authors: Liu Tianhao , Ran Chunxiao , Zhao Dewei , Yang Fan , Guo Qiang , Yang Jiahui , Zhang Xiuzhi
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused by chronic inflammation that damages articular cartilage. In addition to the wear and tear of joints, aberrant remodelling driven by a significant presence of inflammatory mediators within the joint is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA. Among these factors, hyperactivation of Teffs subsets plays a crucial role in promoting this pathological process. The immune imbalance between proinflammatory CD4+ effector T cells (proinflammatory Teffs) and Tregs could be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of OA. Therefore, correcting the imbalance of Tregs/proinflammatory Teffs may slow or inhibit the occurrence and development of OA, which could be a potential target for the treatment of OA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, regulating both adaptive and innate immunity through mechanisms involving soluble factors such as IDO, PGE2, and TGF-β, as well as cell-to-cell contact and exosomes. Correcting the imbalance between Tregs and proinflammatory Teffs may be one of the mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of OA. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the relationship between OA and the immune imbalance between Tregs and proinflammatory Teffs, the immunoregulatory role of Tregs in OA, and the role of MSCs and their exosomes in correcting the imbalance between Tregs and proinflammatory Teffs.
Forensic identification and differentiation of some protected timber species using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Yadav Arti , Sharma Sweety , Singh Vaibhav , Kapoor Manish , Singh Rajinder
Published: November 2024

Identifying an unascertained timber species is essential to stop illegal logging of the protected species. Timber forensics involves the identification of an unknown timber species to link to its source or to authenticate the timber and its products. This paper anticipates a quick, robust, non-destructive, and environment-friendly proof-of-concept study using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric interpretation to identify and discriminate economically important and legitimately protected timber species. The chemometric methods used included partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The mid-IR spectral bands indicated the presence of timber constituents such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. PLS-DA successfully discriminated between hardwoods and softwoods with 100% accuracy. PCA-LDA analysis of softwoods and hardwoods was done separately. LDA for softwoods resulted in a training and validation accuracy of 87.5%. Similarly, LDA analysis of hardwoods showed 82.22% training and 80% validation accuracies. The results of the blind test showed that all the blind samples could be correctly identified using this approach with 100% accuracy. All these approaches delivered significant findings to identify and discriminate timber samples. It is believed that this study will offer great opportunities to withstand illegal logging quickly and non-destructively.
Unveiling barriers to reproductive health awareness among rural adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Widati Sri , Praveena Sarva Mangala , Azkiya Mohammad Wavy
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among adolescents is a critical aspect of global health. Rural adolescents often encounter significant barriers to reproductive health awareness, elevating their risks for unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other reproductive health issues. This systematic review seeks to identify and analyze the barriers hindering reproductive health awareness among rural adolescents.

Methods

This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Taylor & Francis, focusing on studies published from 2019 to 2024. Keywords included “Adolescent,” “Rural,” “Reproductive Health,” “Awareness,” and “Barriers.” Studies were screened based on eligibility criteria, and data were extracted and analyzed to identify key barriers at the individual, interpersonal, social/community, and health services levels.

Results

Out of 669 records, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Identified barriers at the individual level included lack of knowledge, myths, misconceptions, and feelings of shame and fear. Interpersonal barriers were related to poor communication between parents and adolescents and misinformation from peers. Social and community barriers encompassed rigid social norms, stigma, and discrimination. Health services barriers included limited access and negative experiences with reproductive health services.

Discussion

Rural adolescents face complex barriers to reproductive health awareness driven by factors at the individual, interpersonal, social, and health services levels. Comprehensive interventions, such as educational campaigns, training for healthcare providers, and improved access via mobile or online platforms, are essential to enhance reproductive health awareness and outcomes.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42024554439).
The Mental Health Impacts of Fuel Poverty: A Global Scoping Review
Authors: Khavandi S. , Mccoll L. , Leavey C. , McGowan V. J. , Bennett N. C.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Fuel poverty, defined in this study as a household’s inability to meet basic energy needs, presents a significant challenge. We aimed to map research on the impact of fuel poverty on mental health.

Methods

We searched peer review and grey literature repositories. Studies were considered eligible if they focused on both fuel poverty and mental health.

Results

47 studies were included. 64% were published in the last 3 years. 43% focused on the UK sub-geography, with the next most common being Spain (17%) and China (13%). 55% had a quantitative study design. Conceptualisation and operationalisation of fuel poverty varied across studies and contexts. 58% focused on specific vulnerable populations. 46 studies reported evidence of a detrimental association between fuel poverty and mental health. We broadly summarise the role of fuel poverty on mental health under four headings: economic, social, behavioural and environmental.

Conclusion

We highlight a need for clear and explicit conceptualisation of fuel poverty, in conjunction with consideration of pathways connecting fuel poverty to mental health, to advance the field and facilitate research which can improve population health.
Impact of Target Surface Building Direction on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Additive Manufactured Impingement Systems
Authors: Bacci Tommaso , Picchi Alessio , Innocenti Luca , Morante Francesco , Facchini Bruno
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely recognized as a prominent tool to maximize the potential of internal cooling systems for gas turbine applications. Several past studies have been undertaken in order to assess the effect of additive manufactured components peculiar characteristics, mainly in the form of surface roughness, on heat transfer and pressure losses. On the other hand, impingement constitutes one of the most adopted solutions for turbine vane internal cooling; also, its heat transfer performance has been shown to be potentially improved through the use of roughened target surfaces in several studies. In this work, the effect of AM-generated roughness on the performance of impingement systems has been experimentally investigated. A lumped approach was used to test additive manufactured coupons reproducing an impingement array in 1:1 scale and retrieve an average heat transfer assessment. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technique was used for the manufacturing process. As one of the main parameters affecting AM-generated roughness, the building direction of the target surface was varied in order to highlight its impact on the overall performance comparing four different building directions with a smooth reference target plate made by standard CNC machining.
A Study on the Aerodynamic Impact of Rotors on Fixed Wings During the Transition Phase in Compound-Wing UAVs
Authors: Ai Longjin , Xia Haiting , Yang Jianting , He Ying , Tang Weibo , Fan Minglong , Xiang Jinwu
Published: November 2024

Compound-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are highly valued for their performance. However, during the transition from vertical take-off to the cruise phase, the rotor wake can be coupled with the fixed wing. In this study, the aerodynamic effects of a DJI 9450 rotor on a NACA2415 fixed wing during transition were investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The rotor-to-wing distances (R/L = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.9) were varied to analyze their impact on aerodynamic performance. The results show that increasing the distance between the front rotor and the fixed wing enhances the lift and drag of the fixed wing, while increasing the distance between the rear rotor and the fixed wing decreases the lift and drag of the fixed wing. During the rotor’s rotation, the fluctuation in the lift and drag of the fixed wing changes periodically due to the rotor wake, and the smaller the distance between the rotor and the fixed wing, the larger the fluctuation. When R/L = 0.25, the fluctuation of the fixed wing is minimized. Compound-wing UAVs with rotors mounted at R/L = 0.25 during the design stage can improve the flight stability during the transition phase in UAVs.
Tigecycline Containing Polymethylmethacrylate Cement Against MRSA, VRE, and ESBL—In Vitro Mechanical and Microbiological Investigations
Authors: Abramowicz Michael , Trampuz Andrej , Kühn Klaus-Dieter
Published: November 2024

Background: The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) in arthroplasty has been well established for the prevention and treatment of infections. Tigecycline (Tig), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has shown efficacy against various pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant strains. Method: ISO and DIN mechanical and microbiological inhibition zone tests were performed on PMMA cement with manually added Tigecycline. Results: Manually adding 0.5 and 1.0 g Tigecycline to PMMA always meets the mechanical requirements of ISO and DIN standards. Mixtures containing 0.5 g were microbiologically effective for up to 7 days and those containing 1.0 g were effective for 28–42 days. Conclusion: In revision surgery, manually adding Tigecycline in doses of 0.5–1 g to 40 g of PMMA is effective against MRSA, VRE, and ESBL without negatively affecting the cement’s properties.
Edible Coatings for Fish Preservation: Literature Data on Storage Temperature, Product Requirements, Antioxidant Activity, and Coating Performance—A Review
Authors: Kurek Mia , Pišonić Petra , Ščetar Mario , Janči Tibor , Čanak Iva , Vidaček Filipec Sanja , Benbettaieb Nasreddine , Debeaufort Frédéric , Galić Kata
Published: November 2024

Fresh fish is among the most nutritive foodstuffs, but it is also the most perishable one. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to find the most suitable tools to deliver fish of the highest quality to exigent consumers. Scientific studies help the industry to exploit the newest findings to scale up emerging industrial technologies. In this review article, the focus is on the latest scientific findings on edible films used for fish coatings and storage. Since today’s packaging processing and economy are governed by sustainability, naturality underpins packaging science. The synthesis of edible coatings, their components, processing advantages, and disadvantages are outlined with respect to the preservation requirements for sensitive fish. The requirements of coating properties are underlined for specific scenarios distinguishing cold and freezing conditions. This review raises the importance of antioxidants and their role in fish storage and preservation. A summary of their impact on physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory alterations upon application in real fish is given. Studies on their influence on product stability, including pro-oxidant activity and the prevention of the autolysis of fish muscle, are given. Examples of lipid oxidation and its inhibition by the antioxidants embedded in edible coatings are given together with the relationship to the development of off-odors and other unwanted impacts. This review selects the most significant and valuable work performed in the past decade in the field of edible coatings whose development is on the global rise and adheres to food waste and sustainable development goals 2 (zero hunger), 3 (good health and well-being), and 12 (responsible consumption and production).
Green Recovery and Identification of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitor Molecules from Pisco Grape Pomace by Targeted Effects Analysis Using Thin-Layer Chromatography, Bioassay, and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Poblete Jacqueline , Fernández-Martínez Joaquín , Aranda Mario , Quispe-Fuentes Issis
Published: November 2024

The search and identification of inhibitory molecules from novel natural sources, such as pisco grape pomace extract obtained by green techniques, may help to develop agents with therapeutic potential that are beneficial to health with fewer adverse effects than drugs. Many drugs act as enzyme inhibitors, decreasing their activity and thus correcting a metabolic imbalance. This study aims to identify bioactive molecules with antioxidant and inhibitory activity over acetylcholinesterase and cyclooxygenase enzymes present in pisco grape pomace green extracts. Bioactive molecules were detected and identified applying directed effect analysis on planar chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For the first time, the presence of antioxidant molecules (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and gallic acid) and inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) and cyclooxygenase (gallic acid) enzymes are reported in pisco grape pomace. According to the results, grape pomace could be an alternative to develop novel functional foods and nutraceuticals that provide health benefits and, at the same time, generate a circular economy in the industry.
Correction: Abrahams (2024). The Unseen Truth of God in Early Modern Masterpieces. Arts 13: 158
Authors: Abrahams Simon
Published: November 2024

In the original publication (Abrahams 2024), reference (Holt 1957, p [...]
Novel Dynamic Behaviors in Fractional Chaotic Systems: Numerical Simulations with Caputo Derivatives
Authors: Abdoon Mohamed A. , Elgezouli Diaa Eldin , Halouani Borhen , Abdelaty Amr M. Y. , Elshazly Ibrahim S. , Ailawalia Praveen , El-Qadeem Alaa H.
Published: November 2024

Over the last several years, there has been a considerable improvement in the possible methods for solving fractional-order chaotic systems; however, achieving high accuracy remains a challenge. This work proposes a new precise numerical technique for fractional-order chaotic systems. Through simulations, we obtain new types of complex and previously undiscussed dynamic behaviors.These phenomena, not recognized in prior numerical results or theoretical estimations, underscore the unique dynamics present in fractional systems. We also study the effects of the fractional parameters β1, β2, and β3 on the system’s behavior, comparing them to integer-order derivatives. It has been demonstrated via the findings that the suggested technique is consistent with conventional numerical methods for integer-order systems while simultaneously providing an even higher level of precision. It is possible to demonstrate the efficacy and precision of this technique through simulations, which demonstrates that this method is useful for the investigation of complicated chaotic models.
Semi-Overlap Functions on Complete Lattices, Semi-Θ-Ξ Functions, and Inflationary MTL Algebras
Authors: Zhang Xingna , Yang Eunsuk , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

As new kinds of aggregation functions, overlap functions and semi overlap functions are widely applied to information fusion, approximation reasoning, data classification, decision science, etc. This paper extends the semi-overlap function on [0, 1] to the function on complete lattices and investigates the residual implication derived from it; then it explores the construction of a semi-overlap function on complete lattices and some fundamental properties. Especially, this paper introduces a more generalized concept of the ‘semi-Θ-Ξ function’, which innovatively unifies the semi-overlap function and semi-grouping function. Additionally, it provides methods for constructing and characterizing the semi-Θ-Ξ function. Furthermore, this paper characterizes the semi-overlap function on complete lattices and the semi-Θ-Ξ function on [0, 1] from an algebraic point of view and proves that the algebraic structures corresponding to the inflationary semi-overlap function, the inflationary semi-Θ-Ξ function, and residual implications derived by each of them are inflationary MTL algebras. This paper further discusses the properties of inflationary MTL algebra and its relationship with non-associative MTL algebra, and it explores the connections between some related algebraic structures.
Modified Sweeping Surfaces in Euclidean 3-Space
Authors: Li Yanlin , Eren Kemal , Ersoy Soley , Savić Ana
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explore the sweeping surfaces in Euclidean 3-space, utilizing the modified orthogonal frames with non-zero curvature and torsion, which allows us to consider the spine curves even if their second differentiations vanish. If the curvature of the spine curve of a sweeping surface has discrete zero points, the Frenet frame might undergo a discontinuous change in orientation. Therefore, the conventional parametrization with the Frenet frame of such a surface cannot be given. Thus, we introduce two types of modified sweeping surfaces by considering two types of spine curves; the first one’s curvature is not identically zero and the second one’s torsion is not identically zero. Then, we determine the criteria for classifying the coordinate curves of these two types of modified sweeping surfaces as geodesic, asymptotic, or curvature lines. Additionally, we delve into determining criteria for the modified sweeping surfaces to be minimal, developable, or Weingarten. Through our analysis, we aim to clarify the characteristics defining these surfaces. We present graphical representations of sample modified sweeping surfaces to enhance understanding and provide concrete examples that showcase their properties.
Coupled Electro-Thermal-Aging Battery Pack Modeling—Part 1: Cell Level
Authors: Pasdarshahri Hadi , Veilleux Émile , Mooney William , Fréchette Luc G. , Grondin François , Rancourt David
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a modeling approach to capture the coupled effects of electrical–thermal aging in Li-ion batteries at the cell level. The proposed semi-empirical method allows for a relatively high accuracy and low computational cost compared to expensive computer simulations. This is something current models often lack but is essential for system level simulations, relevant for electric vehicle manufacturers. The aging analysis includes both cycling and calendar effects across the lifetime of the cell and reversible and irreversible heat in a lumped-mass model to capture the temperature evolution of the cell in operation. The Thévenin equivalent circuit model with capacitance used to simulate the electrical behavior of the cell was experimentally validated, showing a high correlation with the proposed model during the charging and discharging phases. A maximum error of 3% on the voltage reading was identified during discharge with the complete model. This model was also designed to be used as a stepping stone for a comprehensive model at the module and vehicle levels that can later be used by designers.
Modulating Diffusion Double Layer by In Situ Constructed Ultrathin Dipole Layer Towards Uniform Lithium Deposition
Authors: Nan Yang , Li Songmei , Li Wen , Wei Guoke , Li Bin
Published: November 2024

The popularization of lithium metal anode has been limited due to uneven deposition processes and lithium dendrites. Guiding homogeneous nucleation during the initial plating stage of lithium is vital to obtain a stable lithium metal anode. Herein, an ultra-thin dipole layer that can be used to regulate the diffusion layer is prepared by anodizing and strong polarization on a titanium foil collector. It is demonstrated that the vertical distributions of ionic concentration and electrostatic potential on the nBTO@Ti electrode are modulated by the ultrathin dipole layer, leading to uniform diffusion of lithium ions and reduction of overpotential. Consequently, a uniform lithium nucleation and plating process are achieved on a polarized BaTiO3 collector, which is verified by microscopy. The average coulombic efficiency of the deposition-dissolution process is as high as 98.3% for 300 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the symmetrical cell shows flat potential platforms of 25 mV for 1000 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Full cell with LiFePO4 as cathode also reveals excellent electrochemical performances with a steady discharge capacity of 120 mAh g−1 at 1 C and a high capacity retention of 93.3% after 200 cycles.
Internal Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Cells Based on a Layered Electro-Thermal Equivalent Circuit Model
Authors: Shi Wei , Li Wei , Xiong Shusheng
Published: November 2024

In the domain of Battery Management System (BMS) research, the precise acquisition and estimation of internal temperature distribution within lithium-ion cells is a significant challenge. The commercial viability precludes the use of internal temperature sensors, and existing methodologies for online estimation of internal temperatures under various electrical loads are constrained by computational limitations and model accuracy. This study presents a layered electro-thermal equivalent circuit model (LETECM), developed by integrating a layered second-order fractional equivalent circuit model with a layered thermal equivalent circuit model. A lithium-ion battery divided into three layers was employed to illustrate the development of this LETECM. The model’s precision was validated against a 3D Newman Finite Element Model (3DNFEM), constructed using actual battery parameters. Given that the thermal gradient inside the battery is usually more pronounced under high load conditions, a 10C direct current discharge for 60 s followed by a rest period of 240 s was adopted as the test condition in the simulation. The results indicate that at the end of the DC discharge, the temperature difference between the inner layer and the surface of the battery was the largest and the maximum temperature difference predicted by the LETECM was 3.58 °C, while the 3DNFEM exhibited a temperature difference of 3.74 °C. The trends in each layer temperature and battery surface temperature obtained by the two models are highly consistent. The proposed model offers computational efficiency and maintains notable accuracy, suggesting its potential integration into BMS for real-time online applications. This advancement could provide critical internal temperature data for refining battery charging and discharging performance assessments and lifespan predictions, thereby optimizing battery management strategies.
Hydrogel-Enhanced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Cartilage Regeneration—An Update on Preclinical Studies
Authors: Ahmadpoor Xenab , Sun Jessie , Douglas Nerone , Zhu Weimin , Lin Hang
Published: November 2024

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and matrix-induced ACI (MACI) have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes and reduced revision rates for treating osteochondral and chondral defects. However, their ability to achieve lasting, fully functional repair remains limited. To overcome these challenges, scaffold-enhanced ACI, particularly utilizing hydrogel-based biomaterials, has emerged as an innovative strategy. These biomaterials are intended to mimic the biological composition, structural organization, and biomechanical properties of native articular cartilage. This review aims to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on advancements in hydrogel-enhanced ACI from the past decade. We begin with a brief introduction to cartilage biology, mechanisms of cartilage injury, and the evolution of surgical techniques, particularly looking at ACI. Subsequently, we review the diversity of hydrogel scaffolds currently undergoing development and evaluation in preclinical studies for articular cartilage regeneration, emphasizing chondrocyte-laden hydrogels applicable to ACI. Finally, we address the key challenges impeding effective clinical translation, with particular attention to issues surrounding fixation and integration, aiming to inform and guide the future progression of tissue engineering strategies.
Local Stress in Cylindrically Curved Lipid Membrane: Insights into Local Versus Global Lateral Fluidity Models
Authors: Pinigin Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

Lipid membranes, which are fundamental to cellular function, undergo various mechanical deformations. Accurate modeling of these processes necessitates a thorough understanding of membrane elasticity. The lateral shear modulus, a critical parameter describing membrane resistance to lateral stresses, remains elusive due to the membrane’s fluid nature. Two contrasting hypotheses, local fluidity and global fluidity, have been proposed. While the former suggests a zero local lateral shear modulus anywhere within lipid monolayers, the latter posits that only the integral of this modulus over the monolayer thickness vanishes. These differing models lead to distinct estimations of other elastic moduli and affect the modeling of biological processes, such as membrane fusion/fission and membrane-mediated interactions. Notably, they predict distinct local stress distributions in cylindrically curved membranes. The local fluidity model proposes isotropic local lateral stress, whereas the global fluidity model predicts anisotropy due to anisotropic local lateral stretching of lipid monolayers. Using molecular dynamics simulations, this study directly investigates these models by analyzing local stress in a cylindrically curved membrane. The results conclusively demonstrate the existence of static local lateral shear stress and anisotropy in local lateral stress within the monolayers of the cylindrical membrane, strongly supporting the global fluidity model. These findings have significant implications for the calculation of surface elastic moduli and offer novel insights into the fundamental principles governing lipid membrane elasticity.
The Antifungal Potential of Ozonated Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Against Candida albicans: Mechanisms and Efficacy
Authors: Augello Simone , Cameli Valentina , Montanari Arianna , Tacconi Stefano , Uccelletti Daniela , Dini Luciana , Schifano Emily
Published: November 2024

The growing emergence of resistance mechanisms and side effects associated with antifungal agents highlight the need for alternative therapies. This study aims to investigate the antifungal potential of ozonated extra-virgin olive oil (EOO) against Candida albicans, with the goal of developing eco-friendly and highly effective treatments based on natural products. Antifungal activity was evaluated via cell viability and biofilm formation assays using Crystal Violet and Sytox green staining. The results showed that EOO reduced C. albicans viability in a dose-dependent manner, achieving over 90% cell death at a 3% (v/v) concentration. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed cell wall structural damage, and ROS levels increased by approximately 60% compared to untreated controls within 10 min of treatment. Additionally, the expression of autophagy-related genes atg-7 and atg-13was upregulated by 2- and 3.5-fold, respectively, after 15 min, suggesting a stress-induced cell death response. EOO also significantly inhibited hyphal formation and biofilm development, thus reducing C. albicans pathogenicity while preserving cell biocompatibility. EOO antifungal activity was also observed in the case of Candida glabrata. In conclusion, ozonated olive oil demonstrates potent antifungal activity against C. albicans by reducing cell viability, inhibiting hyphal and biofilm formation, and triggering oxidative stress and autophagy pathways. These findings position EOO as a promising alternative therapy for fungal infections.
A Metabolomic Approach to Unexplained Syncope
Authors: Longo Susanna , Cicalini Ilaria , Pieragostino Damiana , De Laurenzi Vincenzo , Legramante Jacopo M. , Menghini Rossella , Rizza Stefano , Federici Massimo
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aims to identify a metabolomic signature that facilitates the classification of syncope and the categorization of the unexplained syncope (US) to aid in its management. Methods: We compared a control group (CTRL, n = 10) with a transient loss of consciousness (TLC) group divided into the OH group (n = 23) for orthostatic syncope, the NMS group (n = 26) for neuromediated syncope, the CS group (n = 9) for cardiological syncope, and the US group (n = 27) for US defined as syncope without a precise categorization after first- and second-level diagnostic approaches. Results: The CTRL and the TLC groups significantly differed in metabolic profile. A new logistic regression model has been developed to predict how the US will be clustered. Using differences in lysophosphatidylcholine with 22 carbon atom (C22:0-LPC) levels, 96% of the US belongs to the NMS and 4% to the CS subgroup. Differences in glutamine and lysine (GLN/LYS) levels clustered 95% of the US in the NMS and 5% in the CS subgroup. Conclusions: We hypothesize a possible role of C22:0 LPC and GLN/LYS in re-classifying US and differentiating it from cardiological syncope.
Multi-Algorithm-Integrated Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Gene Signature for Immune Landscape Characterization and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Xianqiang , Li Dingchang , Zhang Yue , Liu Hao , Chen Peng , Zhao Yingjie , Sun Guanchao , Zhao Wen , Dong Guanglong
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with a low survival rate as well as a low response rate to immunotherapy. This study aims to develop a risk model based on tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS)-associated gene signatures to enhance predictions of prognosis and immunotherapy response. Methods: TLS-associated gene data were obtained from TCGA-CRC and GEO cohorts. A comprehensive analysis using univariate Cox regression identified TLS-associated genes with significant prognostic implications. Subsequently, multiple algorithms were employed to select the most influential genes, and a stepwise Cox regression model was constructed. The model’s predictive performance was validated using independent datasets (GSE39582, GSE17536, and GSE38832). To further investigate the immune microenvironment, immune cell infiltration in high-risk (HRG) and low-risk (LRG) groups was assessed using the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms. Additionally, we evaluated the model’s potential to predict immune checkpoint blockade therapy response using data from The Cancer Imaging Archive, the TIDE algorithm, and external immunotherapy cohorts (GSE35640, GSE78200, and PRJEB23709). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to characterize TLS presence and CCL2 gene expression. Results: A three-gene (CCL2, PDCD1, and ICOS) TLS-associated model was identified as strongly associated with prognosis and demonstrated predictive power for CRC patient outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy. Notably, patients in the low-risk group (LRG) had a higher overall survival rate as well as a higher re-response rate to immunotherapy compared to the high-risk group (HRG). Finally, IHC results confirmed significantly elevated CCL2 expression in the TLS regions. Conclusions: The multi-algorithm-integrated model demonstrated robust performance in predicting patient prognosis and immunotherapy response, offering a novel perspective for assessing immunotherapy efficacy. CCL2 may function as a TLS modulator and holds potential as a therapeutic target in CRC.
Advancements in Autophagy Modulation for the Management of Oral Disease: A Focus on Drug Targets and Therapeutics
Authors: Rahman Md Ataur , Shaikh Mushfiq Hassan , Gupta Rajat Das , Siddika Nazeeba , Shaikh Muhammad Saad , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Kim Bonglee , Hoque Apu Ehsanul
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is an intrinsic breakdown system that recycles organelles and macromolecules, which influences metabolic pathways, differentiation, and thereby cell survival. Oral health is an essential component of integrated well-being, and it is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, because of the complex dynamic relationship between autophagy and oral health, associated treatment modalities have not yet been well elucidated. Determining how autophagy affects oral health at the molecular level may enhance the understanding of prevention and treatment of targeted oral diseases. At the molecular level, hard and soft oral tissues develop because of complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Aging contributes to the progression of various oral disorders including periodontitis, oral cancer, and periapical lesions during aging. Autophagy levels decrease with age, thus indicating a possible association between autophagy and oral disorders with aging. In this review, we critically review various aspects of autophagy and their significance in the context of various oral diseases including oral cancer, periapical lesions, periodontal conditions, and candidiasis. A better understanding of autophagy and its underlying mechanisms can guide us to develop new preventative and therapeutic strategies for the management of oral diseases.
Research on Fine-Tuning Optimization Strategies for Large Language Models in Tabular Data Processing
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyong , Leng Xingxin , Wang Lei , Wang Ningning
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have been significantly driven by the development of large language models (LLMs). Despite their impressive performance across various language tasks, these models still encounter challenges when processing tabular data. This study investigates the optimization of fine-tuning strategies for LLMs specifically in the context of tabular data processing. The focus is on the effects of decimal truncation, multi-dataset mixing, and the ordering of JSON key–value pairs on model performance. Experimental results indicate that decimal truncation reduces data noise, thereby enhancing the model’s learning efficiency. Additionally, multi-dataset mixing improves the model’s generalization and stability, while the random shuffling of key–value pair orders increases the model’s adaptability to changes in data structure. These findings underscore the significant impact of these strategies on model performance and robustness. The research provides novel insights into improving the practical effectiveness of LLMs and offers effective data processing methods for researchers in related fields. By thoroughly analyzing these strategies, this study aims to establish theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the future optimization of LLMs across a broader range of application scenarios.