bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Macrophage Subsets Recruitment in Postischemic Mouse Hind Limbs
Authors: Lamin Victor , Mani Arul M , Singh Madhu V , Dokun Ayotunde O.
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) occurs from atherosclerotic obstruction of arteries in the lower extremities. Restoration of perfusion requires angiogenesis and arteriogenesis through migration and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and macrophages at the site of injury. The time of recruitment has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated the infiltration of these cells in murine hind limb ischemia (HLI) model of PAD. Methods: EPCs and M1-like and M2-like macrophages from ischemic skeletal muscles were quantified by flow cytometry at day-0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-HLI. Results: The abundance of EPCs increased from day 1 and was highest on day 7 until day 14. M1-like population similarly increased and was highest on day 14 during the experiment. M2-like population was significantly greater than M1-like at baseline but surpassed the highest value of M1-like by day 7 during the experiment. Muscle regeneration and capillary density also increased and were highest at days 3 and 7, respectively, during the experiment. All mice achieved near full perfusion recovery by day 14. Conclusion: Thus, we observed a gradual increase in the percentage of EPC’s and this was temporally paralleled with initial increase in M1-like followed by sustained increased in M2-like macrophages and perfusion recovered post-HLI.
FNDC5 Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Regulates PPARα/HO-1 in ApoE−/− Mice
Authors: Zhou Bo , Wang Xiang , Wang Yao , Liu Danan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This study attempted to observe the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in atherosclerosis development and the underlying mechanism. Methods: After being fed a high-fat diet (HFD), ApoE−/− mice were injected with saline, control adenovirus (Ad-vector), or FNDC5 overexpressing adenovirus (Ad-FNDC5). ApoE−/− mice fed with a chow diet were considered the control. After 12 weeks of treatment, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and irisin were detected by commercial kits. Results: Compared with the control, the serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, aortic plaque area, and weight were significantly increased, while serum HDL-C and irisin levels were reduced in HFD mice. Treating with Ad-FNDC5 could alleviate these changes in HFD mice and cause the activation of PPARα/HO-1 signaling in aortic tissue. After co-treating with GW6471, a PPARα antagonist, the effects of Ad-FNDC5 on the weight, serum LDL-C, TC, TG, and HDL-C levels, and aortic plaque of HFD mice were partly blocked. Conclusion: Elevated FNDC5 has a delaying effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation, which may be related to the upregulation of PPARα/HO-1 signaling.
Endoscopic Resection with One-Port Placement: A Newly Developed Technique for the Safe Management of Advanced Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Sawada Atsushi , Hirasawa Kingo , Sato Chiko , Sato Sho , Sato Tsutomu , Sugimori Kazuya , Kunisaki Chikara , Maeda Shin
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) without laparoscopic assistance (pure EFTR) is an emerging, less invasive treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, the technique has seldom been performed outside China because of concerns regarding pneumoperitoneum, maintenance of endoscopic view, and endoscopic suturing. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection with one-port placement (EROPP) for gastric GISTs. Methods: This retrospective study included 17 patients with gastric GISTs originating from the muscularis propria who underwent EROPP between 2019 and 2022. One camera port was inserted in the umbilicus before initiating the endoscopic procedure to maintain intra-abdominal pressure, which was monitored and adjusted via this port. While allowing for conversion to laparoscopic surgery if needed, EFTR was performed as follows: (1) circumferential incision of the mucosal and submucosal layers around the lesion was performed by typical endoscopic submucosal dissection; (2) an intentional perforation and subsequent seromuscular resection was made using dental floss and an endo-clip for traction; and (3) closure of the gastric full-thickness defect was performed with an over-the-scope clip (OTSC) after peroral retrieval of the specimen. We retrospectively assessed the short-term outcomes and safety. Results: All procedures were completed successfully without conversion to laparoscopic surgery. The median size of the resected tumors was 23 mm (range, 8–35 mm), the median resection time was 36 min (range, 22–95 min), and closure time was 18 min (range, 10–45 min). The rates of en bloc and complete resection were 100% and 88%, respectively. In 2 cases, another port was added to aspirate the leaking fluid or check the condition of the endoscopic closure. All gastric defects were endoscopically closed, mainly using OTSCs. The recovery course for all patients was uneventful, and no adverse events were reported. Conclusions: EROPP is a safe and minimally invasive treatment for gastric GISTs and appears to be suitable for introducing EFTR procedures.
PPP1R12C Promotes Atrial Hypocontractility in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Perike Srikanth , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Francisco J. , Abu-Taha Issam , Damen Frederick W. , Hanft Laurin M. , Lizama Ken S. , Aboonabi Anahita , Capote Andrielle E. , Aguilar-Sanchez Yuriana , Levin Benjamin , Han Zhenbo , Sridhar Arvind , Grand Jacob , Martin Jody , Akar Joseph G. , Warren Chad M. , John Solaro R. , Ong Sang-Ging , Darbar Dawood , McDonald Kerry S. , Goergen Craig J. , Wolska Beata M. , Dobrev Dobromir , Wehrens Xander H.T. , McCauley Mark D.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

Atrial fibrillation (AF)—the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia—increases thromboembolic stroke risk 5-fold. Although atrial hypocontractility contributes to stroke risk in AF, the molecular mechanisms reducing myofilament contractile function remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that increased expression of PPP1R12C (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C)—the PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) regulatory subunit targeting MLC2a (atrial myosin light chain 2)—causes hypophosphorylation of MLC2a and results in atrial hypocontractility.

METHODS:

Right atrial appendage tissues were isolated from human patients with AF versus sinus rhythm controls. Western blots, coimmunoprecipitation, and phosphorylation studies were performed to examine how the PP1c (PP1 catalytic subunit)-PPP1R12C interaction causes MLC2a dephosphorylation. In vitro studies of pharmacological MRCK (myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase) inhibitor (BDP5290) in atrial HL-1 cells were performed to evaluate PP1 holoenzyme activity on MLC2a. Cardiac-specific lentiviral PPP1R12C overexpression was performed in mice to evaluate atrial remodeling with atrial cell shortening assays, echocardiography, and AF inducibility with electrophysiology studies.

RESULTS:

In human patients with AF, PPP1R12C expression was increased 2-fold versus sinus rhythm controls (
P
=2.0×10
−2
; n=12 and 12 in each group) with >40% reduction in MLC2a phosphorylation (
P
=1.4×10
−6
; n=12 and 12 in each group). PPP1R12C-PP1c binding and PPP1R12C-MLC2a binding were significantly increased in AF (
P
=2.9×10
−2
and 6.7×10
−3
, respectively; n=8 and 8 in each group). In vitro studies utilizing drug BDP5290, which inhibits T560-PPP1R12C phosphorylation, demonstrated increased PPP1R12C binding with both PP1c and MLC2a and dephosphorylation of MLC2a. Mice treated with lentiviral PPP1R12C vector demonstrated a 150% increase in left atrial size versus controls (
P
=5.0×10
−6
; n=12, 8, and 12), with reduced atrial strain and atrial ejection fraction. Pacing-induced AF in mice treated with lentiviral PPP1R12C vector was significantly higher than in controls (
P
=1.8×10
−2
and 4.1×10
−2
, respectively; n=6, 6, and 5).

CONCLUSIONS:

Patients with AF exhibit increased levels of PPP1R12C protein compared with controls. PPP1R12C overexpression in mice increases PP1c targeting to MLC2a and causes MLC2a dephosphorylation, which reduces atrial contractility and increases AF inducibility. These findings suggest that PP1 regulation of sarcomere function at MLC2a is a key determinant of atrial contractility in AF.
The impact of quality control on cortical morphometry comparisons in autism
Authors: Bedford Saashi A. , Ortiz-Rosa Alfredo , Schabdach Jenna M. , Costantino Manuela , Tullo Stephanie , Piercy Tom ,   Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium, Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V. , Di Martino Adriana , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Alexander-Bloch Aaron F. , Seidlitz Jakob , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bethlehem Richard A.I.
Published: September 2023

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality is known to impact and bias neuroanatomical estimates and downstream analysis, including case-control comparisons, and a growing body of work has demonstrated the importance of careful quality control (QC) and evaluated the impact of image and image-processing quality. However, the growing size of typical neuroimaging datasets presents an additional challenge to QC, which is typically extremely time and labour intensive. One of the most important aspects of MRI quality is the accuracy of processed outputs, which have been shown to impact estimated neurodevelopmental trajectories. Here, we evaluate whether the quality of surface reconstructions by FreeSurfer (one of the most widely used MRI processing pipelines) interacts with clinical and demographic factors. We present a tool, FSQC, that enables quick and efficient yet thorough assessment of outputs of the FreeSurfer processing pipeline. We validate our method against other existing QC metrics, including the automated FreeSurfer Euler number, two other manual ratings of raw image quality, and two popular automated QC methods. We show strikingly similar spatial patterns in the relationship between each QC measure and cortical thickness; relationships for cortical volume and surface area are largely consistent across metrics, though with some notable differences. We next demonstrate that thresholding by QC score attenuates but does not eliminate the impact of quality on cortical estimates. Finally, we explore different ways of controlling for quality when examining differences between autistic individuals and neurotypical controls in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, demonstrating that inadequate control for quality can alter results of case-control comparisons.
Ambiguous Prayers in 1 Timothy 2:1–2: A Postcolonial Reading
Authors: Jeong Donghyun
Published: September 2023

This article examines the request for prayers ὑπὲρ βασιλέων in 1 Timothy 2:1–2 by focusing on three exegetical questions: (1) Who are the βασιλεῖς? (2) Are prayers for βασιλεῖς distinguishable from prayers to βασιλεῖς? And (3) to whom is this exhortation directed? The article argues that the rhetorical construction of this passage emulates and internalizes imperial ideology, but the very act of imitation has the potential to cause colonial anxiety by obscuring the colonial subjects behind this document and by disrupting any attempt at fixed interpretation.
Partisans and Participants: Democracy, New Media, and Nigerian Diaspora in New Zealand
Authors: Musa Muhammed , Antwi-Boateng Osman
Published: September 2023

This article argues that in the era of neo-liberal globalization there has been intensification in the movement of goods, people, and capital across national boundaries. Our ethnographic studies of Nigerian immigrants in New Zealand point to the dispersal of Africans with very active partisan roles in their homeland democratic developments. This African transnationalism, as will be seen in the case of Nigeria, is made possible and sustained by developments and transformations in the media where today new Internet-based media enable Africans abroad to play a central, partisan, and participatory role in democratic developments in the same way as those residing on the continent. The article will also argue that through the unfolding mediation new terms and acts of citizenship have been imposed on transmigrant Africans.
Cyber Security Risks in Emerging South African Smart Cities: Towards a Cyber Security Framework
Authors: Cornelius Francois Paul , Jansen van Rensburg Shandré Kim , Kader Sarika
Published: September 2023

Smart cities have the potential to improve the lives of citizens through the application of ICT systems that increase sustainability, service delivery, and efficiency. But, through vast connectivity and interconnected infrastructure, smart cities run the risk of falling victim to various types of cyber-attacks and information security risks. This article outlines those risks and, using a qualitative research approach, explores how a cyber security framework can inform cyber security risks in emerging South African smart cities. As such, a South African, smart city, cyber security risk framework is proposed based on the findings of interviews conducted with 17 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). The framework is aimed at assisting smart city developers during the design, selection, and implementation of the cyber security operations within the South African context and serves as an example to other developing countries.
Less than Confirming, and Doing More than That: Comparing Responses to Requests for Confirmation in German and Yurakaré
Authors: Gipper Sonja , Groß Alexandra
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we compare practices of formulating responses to requests for confirmation oriented toward confirmation but doing less or more than that in German and Yurakaré (isolate, Bolivia). The German particle joa is identified as a versatile resource for navigating the functional spectrum of such responses, being deployed for less than confirming in terms of epistemic or propositional downgrading, and for more than confirming in terms of addressing terms of questions or a confirmable’s valence. When exercising these specific tasks, speakers of Yurakaré, in contrast, rely mostly on repetitional strategies, while a highly specialised particle constitutes an ‘escape strategy’ when a repeat would convey unwanted implications. We propose that doing less and more than confirming is contingent on a more fundamental distinction: a preference for particles (German) vs. repeats (Yurakaré) in the realm of plain confirmation, which carries over to responses doing less and more than confirming.
Seed, Germination, and Seed-Reserve Traits of Ephedra saxatilis Differ Along Different Altitudinal Gradients in Tibet, China
Authors: Lu Mengnan , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Shengnan , Wang Shiyan , De Ji
Published: September 2023

Ephedra saxatilis, an important medicinal plant species belonging to the genus Ephedra, grows at a wide range of altitudes in Tibet, China. Collect seeds with different altitude gradients at low altitude (3500–4000 m), medium altitude (4000–4500 m), and high
altitude (4500–5000 m), and study the effects of different altitude gradients on seed morphological traits, germination parameters, Seedling morphology, the morphological changes in the process of seed germination and uncracked seeds, 11 biochemical variables related to seed storage.
Use correlation analysis to test the relationship between these variables. The process of seed germination is divided into five stages. Seeds that did not change color in stage III did not continue to grow. Seeds from low altitudes had significantly higher percentage of germination, and water
contents and reducing sugars contents, but longer germination time. Seeds from high altitudes, however, had higher Xanthophyll, soluble phenolic, and ash contents. Among the examined biochemical variables, the germination rate at different altitudes was positively correlated with vitamin E,
water content, and total flavonoid and soluble protein contents. Seedling growth state is divided into five stages. Our results confirm that seed differed significantly across different altitudinal gradients. Seeds of E. saxatilis from low altitudes had a survival advantage over those
from medium and high altitudes.
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping by Whole Genome Re-Sequencing and Analysis of Candidate Genes for Heading Date in Rice
Authors: Jiang Xue , Li Zujun , Wu Chaoxin , Wu Xian , Wang Zhongni , Long Wuhua , Zhu Susong
Published: September 2023

Heading date (HD) is a critical traits of rice that significantly affects yield and quality. Although researchers identified major-effect genes that involving in HD, they often have dramatic effects on HD and other vital agronomic traits, making them not easy to be applied in molecular
breeding practices. To address this constraint, we focused on identifying genes with minor effects on HD that allow fine-tuning flowering time without significant yield loss. Previously, a 150-recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population was constructed from the early-heading date variety V20B
and the lateheading variety CPSLO17, and the line RIL-111 showed the intermediate phenotype of heading date between V20B and CPSLO17. In our work, we applied bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with whole genome re-sequencing (WGS) to map quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading date. In the
results, a minor effect QTL, designated as qDTHR, was identified within the 647.1 kb on chromosome 1 of the F2 population, constructed from RIL-111 and V20B, associating with 14 non-synonymous mutant genes in the interval. The results provide a basis for molecular breeding
to improve rice varieties, and lay a foundation for further cloning and functional analysis.
Enhanced activity and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by chitosan scaffold and its application in periodontal bone regeneration
Authors: Zhou Guoqiang , Liu Ye , Wang Ding , Zhang Fengqiu
Published: September 2023

To effectively promote the healing of periodontal bone defect (BD), an innovative approach was adopted, utilizing a combination of chitosan scaffold (CS) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for periodontal regeneration. The CS was prepared with a pore size of approximately 150 μm
and a porosity of 75%, exhibiting water absorption and swelling rates of 90% and 72%, respectively. Furthermore, the CS exhibited excellent antibacterial properties and effectively inhibited the proliferation activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis, thereby creating a favorable environment
for DPSCs to proliferate. In cellular experiments, CS effectively enhanced the activity of DPSCs and demonstrated good osteoconductivity and osteoinduction, effectively enhancing the migration and mineralization ability of DPSCs. In animal studies, the combined application of CS and DPSCs
improved the repair of periodontal BD, promoted the regeneration of bone trabecular, and increased bone density at the defect site. Therefore, the combined application of CS and DPSCs holds significant potential for the treatment of periodontal BD.
Insulation aging diagnosis and defect location of crosslinked polyethylene cable in the distribution network based on radio frequency identification
Authors: Li Chenggang , Chu Zhaojie , Zhang Liang , Zhang Jianguo , Tao Jiagui
Published: September 2023

With the expansion of power grid construction, the regulatory requirements of various equipment are increasing. Further, the safe and stable operation of the distribution network plays a crucial role in the entire power system. In particular, the cables in DNs are prone to aging during long-term operation due to various factors, such as electricity and heat. Therefore, the effective diagnosis of their operating status is necessary. Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is widely used as the main insulation material for cables in power systems. In this study, the microscale and macroscale performance of the molding process of XLPE cables were compared. Wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was used to diagnose the aging and locate the defects of XLPE cables in the DN. The experiment noted the average insulation crosslinking degree of 88.93% and 87.98% for the suspension chain- and tower-type XLPE cables, respectively. The insulation-melting and crystallization temperatures of the suspension chain-type XLPE cable were approximately 110 °C and 92 °C, respectively, and the crystallinity was approximately 36.5%. The insulation-melting and crystallization temperatures of the tower-type XLPE cable were approximately 105 °C and 88 °C, respectively, and the crystallinity was approximately 34%. Using the wireless RFID technology, the precise positioning of the local aging and insulation damage defects in XLPE cables can be achieved. The error in locating the cable defects using the high-frequency phase spectrum of the cable was less than 0.5 m. Therefore, the study on the manufacture of XLPE cables has significant impact on the physical and chemical properties of their insulation layer. Further, the cable inspection using the wireless RFID technology provides a guarantee on the safe operation of the power system.
In-Field Implementation of Near-Infrared Quantitative Methods for Analysis of Medicines in Tropical Environments
Authors: Waffo Tchounga Christelle Ange , Marini Roland Djang'eing'a , Nnanga Nga Emmanuel , Ciza Hamuli Patient , Ngono Mballa Rose , Hubert Philippe , Ziemons Eric , Sacré Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2023

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is actually a well-established technique that demonstrates its performance in the frame of detection of poor-quality medicines. The use of low-cost handheld NIR spectrophotometers in low-resource contexts can allow an inexpensive and more rapid detection compared to laboratory methods. Considering these points, it was decided to develop, validate, and transfer methods for the quantification of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole tablet samples using a NIR handheld spectrophotometer in transmission mode (NIR-M-T1) coupled to chemometrics such as partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithm. All of the models were validated with the total error approach using an accuracy profile as a decision tool, with ±10% specifications and a risk α set at 5%. Quantitative PLSR models were first validated in Belgium, which is a temperate oceanic climate zone. Second, they were transferred to Cameroon, a tropical climate zone, where issues regarding the prediction of new validation series with the initial models were highlighted. Two augmentation strategies were then envisaged to make the predictive models robust to environmental conditions, incorporating the potential variability linked to environmental effects in the initial calibration sets. The resulting models were then used for in-field analysis of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole tablet samples collected in three cities in Cameroon. The contents results obtained for each sample with the two strategies were close and not statistically different. Nevertheless, the first one is easier to implement and the second is the best regarding model diagnostic measures and accuracy profiles. Two samples were found to be noncompliant in terms of content, and these results were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography taken as the reference method.
Race and Gender Differences in Pediatric Milestone Levels: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Walters Jamee , Paradise Black Nicole , Yurttutan Engin Nesrin , Cohen Debra E , Ben Khallouq Bertha , Chen J. Gene
Published: September 2023

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones assess resident competency in 6 domains. We hypothesized that disparities in milestones exist across race and gender in pediatric residencies. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, multi-institutional study (3 pediatric residencies, 1446 scores; 316 residents). African American residents received the lowest scores in patient care (PC) ( P = .030), medical knowledge (MK) ( P = .005), practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) ( P = .003), professionalism (PROF) ( P < .001), and interpersonal communication skills (ICS) ( P = .005). Differences were most pronounced in PROF (African American mean 3.35 [SD .75], Asian 3.51 (.66), Hispanic 3.58 (.66), white 3.59 (.67)). Female residents received higher scores than male residents in PC ( P = .002) and system-based practice (SBP) ( P = .049). Female interns received higher MK scores, 2.53 (.44) versus 2.48 (.48), P = .044, but lower scores as third years, 4.00 (.43) versus 4.14 (.45), P = .030. In this study, pediatric milestones differed based on race and gender.
A novel sliding mode control with MRAS inertia identification for permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Song Zhe , Xiao Xi , Yang Jun , Tao Tao , Mei Xuesong
Published: September 2023

To enhance the anti-inertia disturbance ability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed system, an adaptive sliding mode control with inertia identification is proposed. A novel sliding mode control (NSMC) based on a new reaching law coupled with model reference adaptive system (MRAS) inertia identification is realized the adaptive control, named MRAS+NSMC. In the NSMC construct process, an integral sliding mode surface and a variable speed reaching law are introduced to avoid speed differentiation and improve dynamics, respectively. And the new reaching law imported a successive sigmoid( s) to replace the traditional sign( s) to suppress chattering phenomena. For the problem that the performance deteriorated by rotational inertia variation caused by load changes, the inertia is estimated in real time according to the MRAS theory, and the identification value is updated to the NSMC controller to realize adaptive MRAS+NSMC speed control. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive MRAS+NSMC control has a faster speed response, and the speed response time is reduced from 85 to 49 ms compared with conventional SMC control. In addition, it has strong robustness to inertia disturbances and high speed tracking accuracy. Compared with conventional SMC, the speed tracking accuracy of proposed MRAS+NSMC is increased from 12% to 4%. This makes the proposed MRAS+NSMC control has great potential practical significance for speed control of PMSM.
A Person-Centered Approach to Emotional Security: Latent Profile Analysis of the Dark Triad and Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Kaya Alican , Mukba Gamze , Özok Halil İbrahim
Published: September 2023

Few studies have examined emotional security utilizing a person-centered approach. Therefore, in the present study, we conceptualized a multidimensional construct that includes psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Applying latent profile analysis (LPA) allows the exploration of the interaction of emotional security with the dark triad traits and psychological symptoms in the sample at the level of sub-classes. Depression, stress, anxiety, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were determined as profile indicators. Moreover, satisfaction with life and the psychological well-being of the sub-classes were predicted. Data were gathered from 558 participants (418 females, %74.9) with an average age of 22.44 years). LPA indicated four distinct profiles: ‘High emotional security and low psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits’ (22%), ‘Low emotional security and high psychological symptoms, dark triad traits’ (5%), ‘Low emotional security and moderate dark triad traits’ (28%), ‘Moderate emotional security, psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits’ (45%). Mixture modeling approach-based research provides a complementary view of the previous psychopathology literature. The findings could help practitioners target at-risk university students with low emotional security, low psychological well-being, and low life satisfaction and design programs to aid them in alleviating the psychological symptoms and the dark triad traits.
Unequal parenting in China: A study of socio-cultural and political effects
Authors: Du Sijia , Li Yaojun
Published: September 2023

This study examines the parental socio-cultural and political effects on parenting practices in China. Based on the China Education Panel Survey, we construct a new typology of parenting styles – intensive, permissive, authoritarian and neglectful – and focus on intensive parenting as a particular mode in which the more privileged families in China use superior cultural and political resources to reinforce their advantages. We show that parents in higher class positions, with higher education and with membership in the leading Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tend to adopt intensive parenting as a means of securing all-round development and obtaining favourable academic achievement for their children. Parenting styles thus reflect a more complicated feature of social stratification in China than in Western societies.
Social Contact, Social Participation, and Emotional Well-Being Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Giving and Receiving Social Support
Authors: Peng Changmin , Yuan Yiyang , Burr Jeffrey A. , Mutchler Jan E. , Song Qian , Lapane Kate L.
Published: September 2023

This study examined whether social contact, social participation, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with depression and anxiety. Data were taken from the 2020 COVID-19 Supplement of the National Health and Aging Trends Study ( N = 2,778). Depression and anxiety were regressed on social contact frequency, social participation, and social support. Path analyses were also performed. The results showed that in-person contact was related to lower levels of depression, while in-person contact and attending religious services were related to lower levels of anxiety. Giving and receiving support were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Giving support mediated the link between virtual contact, volunteering, and depression, while receiving support mediated the link between virtual contact and depression. Receiving and giving support mediated the association between virtual social contact, volunteering, and anxiety. During the pandemic, being socially connected provided some benefits in terms of emotional well-being, but in some cases being socially connected did not provide salubrious effects.
Military-Connected Children With Special Health Care Needs and Their Families: A Literature Review
Authors: Hill Antoinette “Toni” , Blue-Banning Martha
Published: September 2023

Since 2001, armed conflicts have required extraordinary sacrifices by U.S. military service members and their families. Literature on the impact of the military lifestyle between 2001 and 2021 suggests frequent relocation and deployment have consequences for children. Limited research on the subpopulation of children and youth with special health care needs contains evidence these military families face complex issues, amplifying stressors of military life. The results of this review identified challenges in continuity of care in education, health care, and family support resulting from frequent relocations, plus notable gaps in research. These findings are important because of their potential impact on military readiness, recruitment, and retention. This review appears to be the only peer-reviewed systematic literature review on military-connected children with special health care needs and their families.
Morphologic Variability of Bone and Soft Tissue in Microtia With Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Zhao , Pan Bo , Yu Xiaobo
Published: September 2023

Objective: Microtia patients with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) have a host of distinct anatomical disorder of skeletal and soft tissue asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to assess soft tissue discrepancies in microtia patients with HFM and their correlation with skeletal discrepancies. Methods: A total of 42 patients were enrolled and studied prospectively using a 3-dimensional superimposition and color mapping of the soft and hard tissues. Mirroring techniques created perfectly symmetric models for comparison. Differences between affected and normal sides were evaluated in 5 areas: retroauricular mastoid, malar, maxillary frontal, mandibular frontal, and gonion areas. Pearson correlations were used to assess the relationship between skeletal and soft tissue asymmetry. Results: Hard tissue asymmetry ranged from 0.79 mm (mandibular frontal) to 1.29 mm (malar), while soft tissue asymmetry ranged from 1.34 mm (maxillary frontal) to 5.26 mm (retroauricular mastoid). Correlations between skeletal and soft tissue asymmetry varied, with the strongest correlation observed at the retroauricular mastoid area and the weakest at the maxillary frontal area. Conclusion: There was a high correlation between bone and soft tissue hypoplasia at the retroauricular mastoid area, while the other evaluated areas showed poor correlation between skeletal and soft tissue asymmetries. Clinicians should assess each component separately for optimal treatment planning in microtia patients with HFM.
A prospective study comparing the quality of coronary computed tomography angiography images from photon counting and energy integrating detector systems
Authors: Skoog Susann , Sandborg Michael , Henriksson Lilian , Sandstedt Mårten , Gustafsson Håkan , Persson Anders
Published: September 2023

Background

As guidelines endorse the use of computed tomography (CT) for examining coronary artery disease (CAD), it is important to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the novel photon counting detector CT (PCD-CT) technology with the established energy integrating detector CT (EID-CT).

Purpose

To compare the image quality of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the Agatston scores (AS) derived from EID-CT and PCD-CT.

Material and Methods

In this prospective observational study, 28 patients underwent clinical calcium score and CCTA scans on an EID-CT and a PCD-CT scanner. CCTA images were qualitatively analyzed by five observers using visual grading characteristics. The correlation and agreement of the AS were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

This qualitative analyses demonstrated a high fraction of “good” or “excellent” ratings for the image criteria in both CT systems. The sharpness of the distal lumen and image quality regarding motion artifacts were rated significantly higher for EID-CT ( P < 0.05). However, the sharpness of coronary calcification was rated significantly higher for PCD-CT ( P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation and Bland–Altman plots showed good correlation ( P = 0.95) and agreement regarding the AS between EID-CT and PCD-CT.

Conclusion

Both CT systems exhibited high CCTA image quality. The sharpness of calcifications was rated significantly higher for PCD-CT. A good correlation was observed between the AS derived from the two systems.
Machine learning models based on multi-parameter MRI radiomics for prediction of molecular glioblastoma: a new study based on the 2021 World Health Organization classification
Authors: Kong Xin , Mao Yu , Luo Yuqi , Xi Fengjun , Li Yan , Ma Jun
Published: September 2023

Background

The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification considers a histological low grade glioma with specific molecular characteristics as molecular glioblastoma (mGBM). Accurate identification of mGBM will aid in risk stratification of glioma patients.

Purpose

To explore the value of machine learning models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics features in predicting mGBM.

Material and Methods

In total, 166 patients histologically diagnosed as low-grade diffuse glioma (WHO II and III) were included in the study. Fifty-three cases were reclassified as mGBM based on molecular status. Four dimensionality reduction methods including distance correlation (DC), gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and minimal redundancy maximal relevance (MRMR) were used to select the optimal signatures. Six machine learning algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), neural network (NN), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and decision tree (DT) were used to develop the classifiers. The relative SD was used to evaluate the stability of the models, and the area under the curve values in the independent test group were used to evaluate their performances.

Results

NN_DC was determined as the optimal classifier due to the highest area under the curve of 0.891 in the test group. The classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of NN_DC were 0.915, 0.842, 0.950, 0.889 and 0.927, respectively.

Conclusion

Machine learning models can predict mGBM non-invasively, which may help to develop personalized treatment strategies for neurosurgeons and provide an effective tool for accurate stratification in clinical trials.
Analysis of anaesthesia incidents during caesarean section reported to webAIRS between 2009 and 2022
Authors: Eley Victoria A , Culwick Martin D , Dennis Alicia T
Published: September 2023

Anaesthesia for caesarean section occurs commonly and places specific demands on anaesthetists. We analysed 469 narratives concerning anaesthesia for caesarean section, entered by Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists into the webAIRS incident reporting system between 2009 and 2022. As expected, compared with the remaining 8978 database entries, the 469 incidents were more likely to be emergency cases (relative risk (RR) 1.95), more likely to occur between 18:00 and 22:00 hours (RR 1.81) and between 22:00 and 07:59 hours (RR 4.40) and more likely to be undertaken using neuraxial anaesthesia (RR 9.18). Most incidents involved more than one event. The most commonly reported incidents included intraoperative neuraxial anaesthesia complications (180, 38%), medication errors or issues (136, 29%), equipment issues (49, 10%), obstetric haemorrhage (38, 8%), maternal cardiac arrests (28, 6%), endotracheal tube issues (28, 6%) and neonatal resuscitation (24, 5%). Inadequate neuraxial block, reported in 95 incidents, was the most common intraoperative neuraxial complication. Allergic reactions, reported in 30 incidents, were the most common medication issue, followed by 17 associated with oxytocin and 16 syringe swaps. Thirty-eight reports included significant maternal haemorrhage, with eight of those incidents including maternal cardiac arrest. There was one maternal death and eight incidents with neonatal deaths reported, affecting nine neonates. Problems with intraoperative neuraxial anaesthesia were the most commonly reported events. Implementation of specific strategies are encouraged to enhance preparation for conversion to general anaesthesia and to mitigate medication errors, particularly those relating to oxytocic use and neuraxial anaesthesia medications.
Damage behavior and dynamic response of nano-silica reinforced aluminum 2024-T3/GFRP composite laminate subjected to high-velocity impact
Authors: Vijayan Muniyan , Velappan Selladurai , Ayyavoo Karthikeyan
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on analyzing the damages and ballistic limit for the fiber metal laminate (FML) and nano-silica reinforced FML. FML materials are hybrid sandwich composite materials used in lightweight structural applications. FML is constructed as a sandwich structure by bonding an aluminum alloy and a glass fiber reinforced composite. To enhance the impact strength of the FML composite, it was reinforced with nano-silica particles within the epoxy resin at various concentrations ranging from 1 wt% to 7 wt%. The laminates are then subjected to high-velocity impact tests using a single-stage gas gun setup, to assess the failure modes of the FML in an aluminum sheet and nanocomposite layers. The influence of nano-silica on natural frequency and damping factor is also examined by using a shock sensor and DAQ (Data Acquisition system). Results indicate that the FML laminate containing 5 wt% nano-silica demonstrates superior impact resistance compared to other filler percentages, as demonstrated by the ballistic limit and damage assessment. The ballistic limit for the pure FML laminate without nano-silica is 98 m/s, whereas the FML laminate containing 5 wt% nano-silica exhibits a peak value of 112 m/s, presenting a notable 14.3% increase in ballistic limit compared to the pure FML. Additionally, the dynamic response analysis reveals changes in the natural frequency values of the laminates before and after impact, indicating permanent damage to the laminate structure.
Tribological characteristics and wear mechanisms of reinforced composites against steel
Authors: Qian Kangan , Pan Qing , Yu Yi
Published: September 2023

To explore the potential wear performance of commonly utilized hydraulic system polymer components, we investigated the effects of different working conditions on the frictional and wear behaviors of three polymer sealing materials in this study. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), nylon (PA), and polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using copper (Cu) and glass fiber (GF) as fillers. The tribological and wear properties (wear rate, surface appearance, wear patterns) of the sealing composites were evaluated. The results showed consistent trends toward increasing average coefficient of friction as load and speed increased for PTFE. The incorporation of filler improved the wear resistance of the composites. The addition of Cu particles showed lower coefficient under higher load and sliding speed. PA with continuous glass fiber (CGF) sealing composites showed lower coefficient, less wear volume, and relatively smoother wear zone surfaces than PTFE-based composites or PP with short glass fiber (SGF). We propose that PA-CGF outperforms other materials in regards to fatigue and friction and wear even under extremely high silding speed,as well as sealing properties.
A numerical investigation of the effect of vaned diffuser water cooling on the internal flow field of a centrifugal compressor
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Hua , Li Chao , Ma Chao
Published: September 2023

Due to their high pressure rises, the gas temperature of high-speed centrifugal compressors can be very high to the detriment of compressor aerodynamic performance. A water-cooled vaned diffuser technique is proposed to alleviate this problem. Compressor housing integrated water-cooling passages are employed to introduce cooling water to the vanes through holes near the vane centre. The technique was applied to a 180 mm turbocharger compressor running at the tip speed of 452 m/s, and numerical studies with conjugate heat transfer and fluid-structure thermal interaction were carried out to find the effects of the cooling to compressor performance and the mechanical stress of diffuser vanes. The results show that compressor efficiency is improved by the cooling, and the improvement increases as compressor mass flow reduces. At modest pressure ratios around 3.3, the maximum improvement of 1.09 percentage points is achieved using 30°C inlet water temperature. The cooling is found to significantly reduce the air temperature near diffuser passage solid walls, thus lead to more uniform air temperatures at compressor exit. The reduction of 1.33°C and 2.21°C in the diffuser outlet temperature have been found at 1.68 kg/s air mass flow with 70°C and 30°C water inlet temperature respectively. Moreover, the thermal stress in diffuser vanes is shown to be lower with the cooling.
Professional values and nursing care quality: A descriptive study
Authors: Brickner Shanon , Fick Kerry , Panice Jessica , Bulthuis Katherine , Mitchell Rita , Lancaster Rachelle
Published: September 2023

Background

Professional values are important in promoting healthy work environments, patient satisfaction, and quality of care. Magnet® hospitals are recognized for excellence in nursing care and as such, understanding the relationship between nurses' values and Magnet status is essential as healthcare organizations seek to improve patient outcomes.

Research question/aim/objectives

The research question is: are there differences in individual values, professional values, and nursing care quality for nurses and nurse managers practicing in Magnet, Magnet journey, and non-Magnet direct patient care settings?

Research Design

This descriptive cross-sectional study is guided and informed by the conceptual framework of the Professional Values Model including individual values, professional values, and nursing care quality.

Participants and research context

Convenience sampling of registered nurses and nurse managers, responsible for direct patient care, was utilized in a non-profit healthcare system in the Midwest region of the United States.

Ethical Considerations

Institutional review board approval was obtained. Participants were informed about the right to self-determine participation and assurance of anonymity.

Findings

827 (n = 827) nurses and nurse managers responded to the survey. Significant differences were identified in individual values sub-scale: self-enhancement ( p = 0.38), professional values ( p = 0.037), practice environment: participation in hospital affairs ( p = 0.00), foundations for quality care ( p = 0.016), and resources adequacy ( p = 0.012) and in nurse sensitive HCAHPS questions: nurses explained things understandably ( p = 0.00), got help as soon as wanted ( p = 0.00), and treated with courtesy and respect ( p = 0.00).

Discussion/Conclusions

Findings indicate that fostering individual and professional values may impact nursing practice, regardless of Magnet designation. Promoting professional values may contribute to improved work environments, enhancing patient satisfaction. Study results offer valuable insights for organizations striving to enhance nursing values, impacting quality of care provided to patients.

MeSH Terms

Cross-Sectional Studies, Respect, Ethics Committees, Patient Satisfaction, Nurse Administrators, and Personal Satisfaction.
Unveiling the burden of compassion fatigue in nurses
Authors: Taşdemir Halil İbrahim , Aydın Ruveyde , Dursun Ergezen Fatma , Taşdemir Deniz , Ergezen Yahya
Published: September 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on nurses who have been at the forefront of patient care. The continuous exposure to suffering, death, and overwhelming demands has the potential to lead to compassion fatigue, a state of emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion.

Research aim

The study aimed to explore and understand the phenomenon of compassion fatigue in nurses as the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research design

A constructivist grounded theory design was used.

Participants and research context

The research data were collected from 20 nurses who had been employed in pandemic clinics in Turkey for a minimum of 6 months. Data were collected using a two-step approach: purposeful sample selection followed by theoretical sample selection. Individual interviews were conducted via an online platform with participants who consented to participate in the study from January 16th to April 28th, 2022. The collected data underwent initial, focused, and theoretical coding for analysis. The research findings were reported following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval for the study was received from Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.

Findings

The study identified a core category, namely the desire to provide the best care, which was accompanied by five main categories: causes, symptoms, consequences, coping methods, and the benefits of coping methods.

Conclusion

During the pandemic process, nurses have experienced compassion fatigue due to various factors and have seen its symptoms. Nurses have developed various coping mechanisms individually. However, they have not indicated any institutional-level support. It has become necessary to plan nurse-centered comprehensive interventions that will reduce compassion fatigue.