bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Children of the Empire
Authors: Tóth György
Published: November 2021

"It is the child no one ever saw!" exclaims a British officer when he finds in a cholera-ridden Indian compound Mary Lennox, the heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1911 novel The Secret Garden. These words refer to the actual character of Mary as much as the socio-political hierarchy of British imperialism. The little girl leads a life devoid of love, caring and sharing, while the Empire she lives in is ailed by the same malady: the cholera killing her parents stems from a blind authoritarian colonialism Mary must leave in order to have a chance for recovery. "She only knew that people were ill," and readers know little more when this one-sentence thesis is given to them at the outset of a novel which aims to investigate the cure of Mary's illness and in the course of doing so possibly uncovers the root causes. This paper shows that while Frances Hodgson Burnett's work may be considered a piece of children's literature because it places in the centre the healing process of children from parental neglect, its strong linkage of this theme with images of the colonial socio-political hierarchy and master-servant relationships also makes it more than a harmless bedside reading. The Secret Garden's question of whether Mary Lennox and Colin Craven can be cured of their illness can by implication be extended to a literary understanding of contemporary British society, and the novel can thus be interpreted not only as a creed of Rousseauistic pedagogy but also as a critique of the psychology, society and politics of British imperialism.
Precocity and Performance
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek
Published: November 2021

The article attempts a close study of the child characters occurring in Shakespeare’s Richard III and King John to problematize their location on a grid defined by the cultural or aesthetic binary of precocity/innocence. Whereas Arthur’s ornate, farfetched pleadings in King John lack viability independent of a theatrical idiom, in Richard III we have a page coolly advising an assassination, a brother-sister duo participating in a matrix of adult hostilities that they fail to appreciate fully, Prince Edward whose sense of danger is of little help, and the little Duke of York who glibly defies Richard without gauging his murderous schemes. We need to exercise scepticism about marking these characters straightaway as “innocent” or “precocious,” and have to take account of theatrical mediations as well as trans-cultural, trans-historical slippages in signification. The article gestures towards the agencies (however rudimentary and inefficacious) embodied by such child characters, and tries to investigate how they subscribe to or undercut a unitary, overarching topos of “childhood.”
North and South in the Writings of Robert Louis Stevenson
Authors: Hubbard Tom
Published: November 2021

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The Androgynous Mind
Authors: Baróthy Judit
Published: November 2021

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Twin Artists of Narration
Authors: Friedrich Judit
Published: November 2021

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Database of the historical series of fisheries production in the middle Madeira River region, southwest of the Amazon, from 2001 to 2013
Authors: Ramos Keythiane Freire , Pelegrini Larissa Sbeghen , Sardinha Jéssica Vieira , Tartari Rodrigo , Anjos Marcelo Rodrigues dos
Published: November 2021

The Amazon is very important regarding the continental extractive fishing as it has the greatest diversity of freshwater fish in the world. Some factors can contribute to identify significant changes in fish production, such as characterization based on common names, and synonyms or classifications only at the genus level. This creates noise in different types of analyzes and mistakes in determining effective productions, as well as levels of exploitation for management. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the variation in fish production over the years 2001 and 2013, using control data from the fishing colony "Dr. Renato Pereira Gonçalves Z-31" in the municipality of Humaitá, southern Amazonas. These data were analyzed by collaborators from the Laboratory of Ichthyology and Fisheries Management of the Madeira River Valley, at the Federal University of Amazonas. The fish landing monitoring allowed the determination of the species caught in the regional fishery and evaluated the effect of the hydrological level and the pre- and post-installation periods of the Santo Antônio and Jirau HPPs in Rondônia, on the total production. The data set showed the significant decrease in fish production between 2008 and 2013. Among the factors that explain the observed changes are the mistakes in determining the effective production due to the lack of criteria in the grouping of many species, the absence of regulations, such as the "Portaria IBAMA Nº 48" which was created only in 2007, in addition to the installation period of the HPPs on the Madeira River. It was also possible to verify the effect of seasonality through hydrological quotas on fish production, with the highest values observed in July, August and September of the years analyzed.
UPCOMING TRENDS TO COMBAT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Authors: Save N. , Deshpande S. ,   SVKM’s NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur - 425 405, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

Anti-microbial resistance is evolving at a pace faster than discovery of new molecules that kill the resistant bacteria. This has limited the number of drugs used to treat various bacterial infections. Untreated infections result in illness and death. Killing the resistant bacteria is getting impossible day by day. Antibiotics are the basic tools that we use to kill the harmful bacteria. If all the bacteria are found to become resistant to antibiotics, a small wound could lead into a life-threatening disease. To avoid entering into an era where no antibiotic is effective, we need to search for alternative approaches through which we can kill bacteria. This involves digging up the old traditional knowledge or inventing new techniques. Many scientists have realized this fact and have discovered novel techniques which can be used to kill the bacteria. The present review summarizes the current advancement in the field of new tools developed to combat the antibiotic resistance.
CHANGING LANDSCAPES OF INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA COLLABORATION
Authors:   Editor, Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: November 2021

It is an undisputed fact that Indian pharmaceutical industry grew by leaps and bounds post-1972. After the amendment of the Patents Act in 1970 & Patents Rules in 1972, the seventies to the nineties period of the Indian pharmaceutical industry was labelled and recognized as the “Reverse Engineering” phase of the industry. What was the secret behind this amazing success story? A peep into the intensive, vibrant, open and mutually supportive interactive relationship between the Pharmacy Colleges in and around Mumbai (UDCT, ICT included) and the entrepreneurially led emerging Indian pharmaceutical industry, will provide the answers. While “Industry Academia Collaboration”, the PPP (Private Public Partnership) model is being talked about in all forums today, this was practiced intensely and quietly in the seventies to nineties, even till 2005
RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ASPIRIN AND OMEPRAZOLE IN BINARY COMBINATION
Authors: Kashid A. M , Tathe S. V. , Sahoo S. G. , Ghatge A. B. , Wani R. M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Narhe, Pune - 411 041, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

A simple, accurate, rapid and precise RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin and Omeprazole in binary mixture has been developed and validated. The drugs were resolved using HPLC column (ACE 250 x 4.6 mm C18 column) with mobile phase of HPLC grade methanol: Sodium acetate buffer (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of aspirin and omeprazole were 3.10 ± 0.3min and 5.01 ± 0.02min with UV detection at 230 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and robustness as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method was specific and it was observed that no interference with diluents. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 40-140μg/ml and 20-120μg/mL with correlation coefficients (r2) 0.9998 and 0.9986 for aspirin andomeprazole magnesium respectively. The mean recoveries were found to be in the range of 97.05%-99.75% and 97.21% -98.76% for aspirin and omeprazole respectively. The % R.S.D. values for intra-day precision study and inter-day study were <1.0%, confirming that the method is precise. The method can be successfully employed for the simultaneous determination of aspirin and omeprazole.
FORMULATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF ASAVA OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI
Authors: Patil S. V. , Aralelimath V. R , Mahajan V. A. , Inamdar N. R. , Shinde S. S ,   Shree Santkrupa College of Pharmacy, Ghogaon, Karad, Satara - 415 111, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2021

Asavas and Arishtaare alcoholic medicaments are prepared by allowing the herbal juices or their decoctions to undergo fermentation with the addition of sugar. Standardization of ayurvedic formulation is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs. In the present study standardization of asava from Syzygium cumini, known to be effective in diabetics, has been performed.Asava formulation was prepared by reported traditional method of ayurveda. Formulation has been standardized by modern scientific quality control procedure for the finished productas. Standardization of asava was achieved by organoleptic study, physicochemical parameters such as pH, specific gravity, total solid content, acid value, alcohol content, refractive index, total reducing sugars and stability study. results reveal that the physicochemical parameters were within the limits and the values could be used to establish and formulate procedures for standardization and quality controlling of these ayurvedic formulations.
Neumoperitoneo no quirúrgico: el espectro de la neumatosis cistoide intestinal
Authors: Villegas González Valentina , Calderón Ardila María Andrea , Quintero Rodríguez Katherine , Salinas Castro Andrés Felipe , Jaramillo Guevara Andrés Felipe , Pérez Hidalgo Juan Manuel
Published: November 2021

La neumatosis intestinal es una condición que tradicionalmente se ha asociado a mal estado general, pobre pronóstico y manejo quirúrgico. No obstante, existe una forma de presentación benigna que no conlleva estas implicaciones y se denomina neumatosis cistoides. Esta entidad se caracteriza por la presencia de quistes llenos de gas en la pared intestinal, que pueden generar neumoperitoneo sin evidencia de signos de irritación peritoneal y que resuelven sin necesidad de manejo quirúrgico.  El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de la neumatosis intestinal, enfocado en el establecimiento de sus diversas etiologías y hallazgos en las diferentes modalidades diagnósticas. Debido a que las imágenes diagnósticas juegan un papel clave en el momento de definir el manejo y la necesidad de intervención quirúrgica de estos pacientes, es importante que el radiólogo conozca y pueda diferenciar los diferentes orígenes de la neumatosis intestinal en las imágenes, así como sus posibles implicaciones. Esto, asociado a una adecuada comunicación con el servicio tratante, puede ayudar a determinar la mejor forma de manejo para el paciente.
Neumonía recurrente como manifestación de secuestro pulmonar. Presentación de caso
Authors: Rey Ayala Milena , Villarreal Ibáñez Erick Daniel , Vera Campos Silvia Nathalia , Rey Graz Carlos Alfonso , Lubinus Badillo Federico Guillermo
Published: November 2021

El secuestro pulmonar es una enfermedad congénita del tracto respiratorio que compromete el parénquima pulmonar y su vasculatura, puede dividirse en intralobar o extralobar dependiendo de su relación con la pleura visceral normal. El subtipo extralobar usualmente se diagnostica prenatalmente o en los primeros meses de vida, mientras que el intralobar se presenta en adultos jóvenes. Representa aproximadamente el 0,15-6,4 % de todas las malformaciones pulmonares congénitas y no tiene diferencias respecto al sexo con una relación 1:1. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino adulto medio con neumonías a repetición en quien se realizan estudios imagenológicos con hallazgos tomográficos compatibles con secuestro pulmonar intralobar en el segmento basal posterior izquierdo, con el objetivo de realizar una revisión de la literatura para plantear una discusión sobre la importancia del diagnóstico adecuado y a tiempo de esta patología. Es necesario tener una alta sospecha clínica —se trata de una enfermedad de presentación variable—, para solicitar el estudio imagenológico más adecuado, puesto que las imágenes son las que dan el diagnóstico definitivo del secuestro pulmonar. En algunos casos, el manejo se puede realizar de manera mínimamente invasiva a cargo de radiología intervencionista, como en este caso.
La valentía de Juanita y sus amigos
Authors: Henao García Nadia Milena , Arrubla Gutiérrez Manuela , Giraldo Mesa Jennifer , Monsalve Mejía Valentina Monsalve Mejía , Sánchez Vélez Magdalena
Published: November 2021

El cuento La valentía de Juanita y sus amigos recoge los relatos de vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes sobre los aprendizajes que construyeron durante la experiencia en el padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. A partir de esos relatos se creó esta historia que les permite compartir sus saberes para que niños, niñas y adolescentes puedan conocer de una manera didáctica e ilustrada las historias de otras niñas y niños que sufren enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, cardiovasculares, cáncer y diabetes.
A Study on Selection and Designing an Appropriate Business Policies and Strategic Management
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India, Kumar Ujjawal , Singh Pawan ,   Amity School of Engineering and technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
Published: November 2021

Every business needs policy and management strategies for proper functioning and brilliant productivity. These are the backbone of any organization which is predefining action for any task and problem. In this report, we’ll discuss various aspects of a business effect by policies and management strategies. This will give an insight into policies and management strategies their creation and implementation. A company with well-planned policies and management protocols will thrive over time without facing huge issues.
The rise of opioid overdose: Is availability of Naloxone within the community the answer we need?
Authors: MacMillan Thalia
Published: November 2021

Rates of substance use and overdose are continually on the rise within our communities. Recent events highlight the increase rate of opioid overdose in particular and reflect current trends of a two-fold increase in such an event. Opioids are problematic as they can be prescribed legally or gained illegally. Symptoms of opioid overdose can be reversed with the provision of naloxone. Rising prices for naloxone may prevent organizations from carrying large quantities of it, which is problematic given recent events. As there is no typical presentation of opioid addiction or those with concurrent mental health issues, the influence or effect of each on the individual and with each other should be examined in their entirety. Different types of treatment are examined, as well as several of the strengths and limitations of ea
THE INFLUENCE OF USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) TOWARDS TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE IN SMA NEGERI 1 CIAWI TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Sukandar Erna Rusmiwati , Syarif Endang , Amatilah Putri Maharani
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted based on the problems of using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) towards teachers’ performance in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi Tasikmalaya. Due to the lack of expertise in using ITC, and the use of  foreign languages that did not understand that system, so the teachers should have to carry out training, perseverance and discipline by using that ICT. The aim of the research is to determine how to due the application of information and communication technology can be impact to the teacher’s performance with the use of application of ICT  in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi. This research used descriptive quantitative method. The population of this study were 68 teachers in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi. The sample was selected by using  saturated sample method. The instrument of this research were taken interview, observation and questionnaire. The research instrument was tested by means of validity and reliability test. The results of this study indicated that the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi is in  poor classification, teachers’ performance in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi is in good classification, and there is a significant relationship between the Application of ICT to Teachers’ Performance in SMA 1 Ciawi.
Homomorphism and Isomorphism in strong neutrosophic graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India, Mulla M. ,   Laboratory of Information processing, University Hassan II,B.P 7955, Sidi Othman, Casablanca, Morocco,   Department of Mathematics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India, Broumi Said , R.Jeyabalan R
Published: November 2021

The concept of strong neutrosophic graph is developed with example and some of their properties are investigated in this paper. Some definitions, homomorphism, isomorphism theorems and propositions in strong neutrosophic graphs are established. Basic operations (like union, intersection etc.,) and complement of strong neutrosophic graphs are also derived here.
Star Neutrosophic Fuzzy Topological Space
Authors:   Port Said University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Egypt, A.A.Salama A.A ,   Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering, Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Egypt,   Port Said University, Faculty of Engineering, Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Egypt, ElGhawalby Hewayda , A.M.Nasr A.M
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we aim to develop a new type of neutrosophic fuzzy set called the star neutrosophic fuzzy set as a generalization to star neutrosophic crisp set defined in by Salama et al.[8], and study some of its properties. Adedd to, we introduce the notion of star neutrosophic fuzzy topological space as a generalization to some topological consepts as star neutrosophic fuzzy closure, and star neutrosophic fuzzy interior. Finally, we extend the concepts of fuzzy topological space, and intuitionistic fuzzy topological space to the case of star neutrosophic fuzzy sets.
An Expanded Model of Unmatter from Neutrosophic Logic perspective: Towards Matter-Spirit Unity View
Authors:   Malang Institute of Agriculture (IPM), INDONESIA, Christianto Victor ,   Consulting Physicist, Princeton Biotechnology Corporation, USA,   Dept. Math and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM, USA, Boyd Robert N. , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T, I, F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. A previous paper in IJNS, 2020 shortly reviews the links among aether and matter creation from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. In any case, matter creation process in nature stays a major puzzle for physicists, scientists and other science analysts. To this issue neutrosophic logic offers an answer: unmatter. This paper examines an extended model of unmatter, to incorporate issue soul solidarity. So, neutrosophic logic may demonstrate helpful in offering goal to long standing clashes.
There is No Constant in Physics: a Neutrosophic Explanation
Authors:   Satyabhakti Advanced School of Theology, Jakarta-Chapter, INDONESIA, .. Victor ,   Consulting Physicist at Princeton Biotechnology Corporation, Princeton, USA,   Dept. Math and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM, USA, .. Robert N. , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T,I,F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. Similarly, in this paper we consider NL applications in physics constants. Those constants actually all have a window of plus and minus values, relative to the average value of the constant. For example, speed of light, c, can vary in a window up to +/- 3000 m/s. Therefore it should be written: 300000 km/s +/- 3 km/s. We also discuss some implications of this new perspective of physics constants, including in gravitation physics etc.
Three Possible Applications of Neutrosophic Logic in Fundamental and Applied Sciences
Authors:   Satyabhakti Advanced School of Theology, Jakarta-Chapter, INDONESIA, .. Victor ,   Consulting Physicist at Princeton Biotechnology Corporation, Princeton, USA,   Department of Mathematics and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM, USA, .. Robert N. , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T,I,F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. This paper shortly reviews the links among aether and matter creation from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. Once we accept the existence of aether as physical medium, then we can start to ask on what causes matter ejection, as observed in various findings related to quasars etc. One particular cosmology model known as VMH (variable mass hypothesis) has been suggested by notable astrophysicists like Halton Arp and Narlikar, and the essence of VMH model is matter creation processes in various physical phenomena. Nonetheless, matter creation process in Nature remains a big mystery for physicists, biologists and other science researchers. To this problem Neutrosophic Logic offers a solution. We also discuss two other possible applications of Neutrosophic Logic. In short, Neutrosophic Logic may prove useful in offering resolution to long standing conflicts.
Plithogenic Cubic Sets
Authors:   Dept of Mathematics, Nirmala College for Women, India, admin admin ,   Dept of Mathematics, Nirmala College for Women, India,   Dept. Math and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM, USA, .. F. Nirmala , Smarandache F.
Published: November 2021

In this article, using the concepts of cubic set and plithogenic set, the ideas of plithogenic fuzzy cubic set, plithogenic intuitionistic fuzzy cubic set, Plithogenic neutrosophic cubic set are introduced and its corresponding internal and external cubic sets are discussed with examples. Primary properties of the Plithogenic neutrosophic cubic sets were also discussed.This concept is extremely suitable for addressing problems involving multiple attribute decision making as this plithogenic neutrosophic set are described by four or more value of attributes and the accuracy of the result is also so precise.
Interval Valued Neutrosophic Shortest Path Problem by A* Algorithm
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul-624622, Tamilnadu, India, admin admin ,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco,   Dept. Math and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM, USA, Broumi Said , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

Many researchers have been proposing various algorithms to unravel different types of fuzzy shortest path problems. There are many algorithms like Dijkstra’s, Bellman-Ford,Floyd-Warshall and kruskal’s etc are existing for solving the shortest path problems. In this work a shortest path problem with interval valued neutrosophic numbers is investigated using the proposed algorithm. A* algorithm is extensively applied in pathfinding and graph traversal.Unlike the other algorithms mentioned above, A* algorithm entails heuristic function to uncover the cost of path that traverses through the particular state. In the structured work A* algorithm is applied to unravel the length of the shortest path by utilizing ranking function from the source node to the destination node. A* algorithm is executed by applying best first search with the help of this search, it greedily decides which vertex to investigate subsequently. A* is equally complete and optimal if an acceptable heuristic is concerned. The arc lengths in interval valued neutrosophic numbers are defuzzified using the score function. A numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed approach.
Some Results on Single Valued Neutrosophic (Weak) Polygroups
Authors:   Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon, Tahan Madeleine Al-
Published: November 2021

Polygroups are a generalized concept of groups and the concept of single valued neutrosophic set is a generalization of the classical notion of a set. The objective of this paper is to combine the innovative concept of single valued neutrosophic sets and polygroups. In this regard, we introduce the concepts of single valued neutrosophic polygroups and anti- single valued neutrosophic polygroups. Moreover, we investigate their properties and study the relation between level sets of single valued neutrosophic polygroups and (normal) subpolygroups.
Magnification of MBJ-Neutrosophic Translation on G-Algerbra
Authors:   Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Khalid Mohsin ,   Dept. of Mathematics Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea,   Dept. of Mathematics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran,   Dept. of Mathematics, Lahore Collage For Women University, Lahore, Pakistan, Jun Young Bae , Takallo Mohammad Mohseni , Khalid Neha Andaleeb
Published: November 2021

In this article, we define the MBJ-neutrosophic magnified translation (MBJNMT) on G-algebra which is the combination of multiplication and translation and study significant results of MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra by using the notion of MBJ-neutrosophic magnified translation. We investigate the conversion of MBJ-neutrosophic ideal and MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra with one another and use the idea of intersection and union to produce some important results of MBJ-neutrosophic magnified translation.
The Concept of Neutrosophic Limits in Real Sequences
Authors:   Telafer University, Scientific Affairs and Cultural Relations Department, Telafer, Iraq, admin admin ,   Telafer University, Scientific Affairs and Cultural Relations Department, Telafer, Iraq, Essa Ahmed K.
Published: November 2021

The theory of neutrosophic limits is the natural step before developing the theory of neutrosophic continuous functions and developing the theory of neutrosophic differentiation. The goal of this work is to construct a new definition of the neutrosophic limits for real sequences using the distance as a linear operator. Some new theorems are presented to cover the theoretical notions of this topic and an illustrative example is presented to help the reader understanding the notions of this article.
Neutrosophic ℵ–Ideals (ℵ-Subalgebras) of Subtraction Algebra
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon, Tahan Madeleine Al- ,   Department of Mathematics Yazd University, Yazd, Iran, Davvaz Bijan
Published: November 2021

The connection between neutrosophy and algebra has been of great interest with respect to many researchers. The objective of this paper is to provide a connection between neutrosophic ℵ−structures and subtraction algebras. In this regard, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic ℵ−ideals in subtraction algebra. Moreover, we study its properties and find a necessary and sufficient condition for a neutrosophic ℵ−structure to be a neutrosophic ℵ−ideal.
On Some Special Substructures of Refined Neutrosophic Rings
Authors:   Tishreen University, Faculty of Science, Lattakia, Syria, Abobala Mohammad
Published: November 2021

The objective of this article is to define and study the concepts of refined neurosophic AH-ideal and AHS-ideal in refined neutrosophic rings.We investigate the elementary properties of these concepts.
On neutrosophic nano αg# ψ-closed sets in neutrosophic nano topological spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, India, Nandhini T. ,   Department of Mathematics, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029, India, M.Vigneshwaran M
Published: November 2021

The object of the present paper is to introduce neutrosophic nano αg# ψ-closed sets in neutrosophic nano topological spaces and characterize some of its basic properties in neutrosophic nano topological spaces.
Single Valued Neutrosophic Filters
Authors:   MIFT - Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, Messina University, Italy, Nordo Giorgio ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University Sector I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’sick, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco, Mehmood Arif , Broumi Said
Published: November 2021

In this paper we give a comprehensive presentation of the notions of filter base, filter and ultrafilter on single valued neutrosophic set and we investigate some of their properties and relationships. More precisely, we discuss properties related to filter completion, the image of neutrosophic filter base by a neutrosophic induced mapping and the infimum and supremum of two neutrosophic filter bases.
Introduction to NeutroGroups
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, A.A.A. Agboola A.A.
Published: November 2021

The objective of this paper is to formally present the concept of NeutroGroups by considering three NeutroAxioms (NeutroAssociativity, existence of NeutroNeutral element and existence of NeutroInverse element). Several interesting results and examples of NeutroGroups, NeutroSubgroups, NeutroCyclicGroups, NeutroQuotientGroups and NeutroGroupHomomorphisms are presented. It is shown that generally, Lagrange’s theorem and 1st isomorphism theorem of the classical groups do not hold in the class of NeutroGroups.
Neutrosophic Event-Based Queueing Model
Authors:   Dept. of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria, Zeina Mohamed Bisher
Published: November 2021

In this paper we have defined the concept of neutrosophic queueing systems and defined its neutrosophic performance measures. An important application of neutrosophic logic in queueing systems we face in real life were discussed, that is the neutrosophic events accuring times, because of its wide applications in networking and simulating communication systems specialy when probability distribution is not known, and because it’s more realistic to consider and to not ignore the imprecise events times. Event-based table of a neutrosophic queueing system was presented and its neutrosophic performance measures were derived, i.e. neutrosophic mean waiting time in queue, neutrosophic mean waiting time in system, neutrosophic expected number of customers in queue and neutrosophic expected number of customers in system. Neutrosophic Little’s Formulas (NLF) were also defined which is a main tool in queueing systems problems to make it easier finding performance measures from each other.
A Review on Superluminal Physics and Superluminal Communication in light of the Neutrosophic Logic perspective
Authors:   Malang Institute of Agriculture (IPM), Malang, INDONESIA, Christianto Victor ,   Dept. Mathematics Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, USA, Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In a recent paper, we describe a model of quantum communication based on combining consciousness experiment and entanglement, which can serve as impetus to stop 5G-network-caused diseases. Therefore, in this paper we consider superluminal physics and superluminal communication as a bridge or intermediate way between subluminal physics and action-at-a-distance (AAAD) physics, especially from neutrosophic logic perspective. Although several ways have been proposed to bring such a superluminal communication into reality, such as Telluric wave or Telepathy analog of Horejev and Baburin, here we also review two possibilities: quaternion communication and also quantum communication based on quantum noise. Further research is recommended in the direction outlined herein. Aim of this paper: We discuss possibilities to go beyond 4G and 5G network, and avoid the unnecessary numerous health/diseases problems caused by massive 5G network. Contribution: We consider quaternionic communication and quantum communication based on quantum noise, which are largely unnoticed in literature. Limitation: We don’t provide scheme for operationalization, except what we have provided in other paper.
Plithogenic Subjective Hyper-Super-Soft Matrices with New Definitions Local, Global, Universal Subjective Ranking Model
Authors:   Dept. Math, University of Management and Technology, Johar Town Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan and COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Department of Mathematics, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, .. Shazia ,   Dept. Math, University of Management and Technology, Johar Town Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan,   COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Department of Mathematics, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan,   Dept. Math and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM 87301, USA, .. Muhammad , .. Midha , Smarandache Florentin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we initially introduce a novel type of matrix representation of Plithogenic Crisp/Fuzzy/Intuitionistic/Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set named as Plithogenic Crisp/Fuzzy/Intuitionistic/Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrix, which is generated by multiple parallel sheets of matrices. Furthermore, these parallel sheets are representing parallel universes or parallel realities (a combination of attributes and sub-attributes w.r.t. subjects). We represent cross-sectional cuts of these hyper-soft matrices as parallel sheets (images of the expanded universe). Later, we utilize these Hypersoft matrices to formulate Plithogenic Subjective Crisp/Fuzzy/Intuitionistic/Neutrosophic Hyper-Super-Soft Matrix. These matrices are framed by the generalization of Whole Hyper-Soft Set to Subjective Whole Hyper-Soft Set and then their representation in such hyper-super-soft-matrix (parallel sheets of matrices) whose elements are matrices. The Hypersoft matrices and hyper-super-soft matrices are tensors of rank three and four, respectively, having three and four indices of variations. Later we provide an application of these Plithogenic Hyper super soft matrices in the form of Local, Global, Universal Subjective Ranking Model. The specialty of this model is that it offers precise classification of the universe from micro-universe to macro-universe levels by observing them through several angles of visions in many environments having several ambiguities and hesitation levels. This model provides optimal and neutral values of universes and can compact the expanded universe to a single point in such a way that the compacted universe reflects the cumulative effect of the whole universe. It further offers a transparent ranking by giving a percentage authenticity measure of the ranking. Finally, we provide an application of the model as a numerical example.
n-Refined Neutrosophic Vector Spaces
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Science, University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM 87301, USA, Smarandache Florentin ,   Tishreen University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Lattakia, Syria, Abobala Mohammad
Published: November 2021

This paper introduces the concept of n-refined neutrosophic vector spaces as a generalization of neutrosophic vector spaces, and it studies elementary properties of them. Also, this work discusses some corresponding concepts such as weak/strong n-refined neutrosophic vector spaces, and n-refined neutrosophic homomorphisms.
Classical Homomorphisms Between n-Refined Neutrosophic Rings
Authors:   Faculty of Science, Tishreen University,Lattakia, Syria, Abobala Mohammad
Published: November 2021

This paper studies classical homomorphisms between n-refined neutrosophic ring and m-refined neutrosophic ring. It proves that every m-refined neutrosophic ring is a homomorphic image of n-refined neutrosophic ring , where . Also, it presents a discussion of kernels and some corresponding isomorphisms between those rings.
An Introduction to Neutro-Fine Topology with Separation Axioms and Decision Making
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, TN, India, admin admin ,   Department of Mathematics, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, TN, India, Sindhu M. P.
Published: November 2021

The set which describes the uncertainty incident with three levels of attributes is entitled as a neutrosophic set. The unique collection of open sets which contains all types of open sets is termed as fine-open sets. The current study introduces a topology on merging these two sets, called neutro-fine topological space. Additionally, the approach of separation axioms is implemented in such space. Furthermore, the real-life application is examined as a decision-making problem in this space. The problem is to make an unfavorable query into a favorable one by determining the complement and absolute complement of such issued neutro-fine open sets. This problem desires to find a positive solution. The solving stepwise mechanism reveals in the algorithm, also formulae provide to compute the outcome with explanatory examples.
Neutrosophic Vague Incidence Graph
Authors:   PG and Department of Mathematics, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, admin admin ,   PG and Department of Mathematics, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India,   Independent Researcher, Uthamapalayam, Theni, India, Hussain R. Jahir , Babu M. Vignesh
Published: November 2021

Vague sets gives more intuitive graphical notation of vague data, that devotes better analysis in information relationships, incompleteness and similarity measures. Neutrosophic graphs are used as a mathematical tool to kept an imprecise and unspecified information. In this paper, the neutrosophic vague incidence graphs are introduced. The edge-connectivity, vertex-connectivity and pair-connectivity in neutrosophic vague incidence graphs are established. The given results are illustrated with suitable example.
Completeness and Compactness in Standard Single Valued Neutrosophic Metric Spaces
Authors:   Laboratory of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, University of Msila, Algeria, admin admin ,   Department of Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Skikda, Algeria,   Laboratory of Pure and Applied Mathematics, University of Msila, Algeria, Latrech Abdelkrim , Barkat Omar
Published: November 2021

In a recent paper, we have introduced the notion of standard single valued neutrosophic metric space as a generalization of standard fuzzy metric spaces given by J.R. Kider and Z.A. Hussain. In this paper, we continue our previous work by introducing the notions of complete standard single valued neutrosophic metric space and compact standard single valued neutrosophic metric space. Furthermore, we give a number of properties and characterizations of these notions and relationship between them.
Formamide deionized accelerates the somatic embryogenesis of Cunninghamia lanceolata
Authors: He Shichan , Hao Zhaodong , Wang Dandan , Guo Yulin , Wu Hua , Ali Asif , Zheng Renhua , Zheng Xuenyan , Chen Jinhui , Shi Jisen
Published: November 2021

Aim of the study: To improve the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Area of the study: The study was conducted at Nanjing Forestry University (Nanjing, China).
Material and methods: Immature cones of C. lanceolata, genotype 01A1 which was planted in Yangkou State-owned Forest Farm (Fujian, China), were used to induced callus. These calli were used to induce SE, concentration gradients of 0 g/L, 0.01134 g/L, 0.1134 g/L, 1.1134 g/L and 11.34 g/L of FD was added, to explore the optimal concentration for promoting SE of C. lanceolata.
Main results: Low concentration of FD promoted the maturation of somatic embryos, while high concentration of FD lead to browning of embryogenic callus. The seedling rate and rooting number of seedlings induced by different concentrations of FD were significantly different.
Research highlights: This study may aid in the rapid maturation of C. lanceolata somatic embryos and is useful for accelerated C. lanceolata breeding.
Keywords: C. lanceolata; Formamide Deionized; Somatic embryogenesis; Seedling rate.
Abbreviations used: FD (Formamide Deionized), FD0 (the concentration of 0 g/L FD), FD0.01134 (the concentration of 0.01134 g/L FD), FD0.1134 (the concentration of 0.1134 g/L FD), FD1.134 (the concentration of 1.134 g/L FD), FD11.34 (the concentration of 11.34 g/L FD).
Financial Development in Developing Countries and Its Impact on Economic Growth between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Alawadhi Khuloud Mohammed , Alshamali Nour Mansour , Alshamali Mansour Mohamed
Published: November 2021

This article examines how the level of financial development has changed in the ten years between 2008 and 2017 in connection to the most significant events in the global economy and finance and how financial development has influenced economic growth in developing countries. The study measures financial development following the World Bank (2020) approach and using indicators of financial access, financial depth, financial efficiency and financial stability, corresponding to financial institutions and financial markets. Based on a two-way fixed effects model, we find that financial development has positively and significantly contributed to economic growth in these countries during the ten years between 2008 and 2017, through increased access of individual consumers and firms to financial products and services. Other variables such as the depth, efficiency and stability of financial institutions and markets do not correlate significantly with the economic growth of developing countries between 2008 and 2017. This paper concludes that the access to financial institutions for individuals living in developing nations is favourably and significantly connected to economic growth in these countries.
לגמגם בשטף
Authors: נעים ארז , היימן שמרית
Published: November 2021

לנוכח מרכזיות השפה בחיינו, ילדים המתמודדים עם גמגום עלולים לחוות פגיעה ניכרת בתוך סיטואציות המבוססות על דיבור ולהרגיש תחושות קשות של בושה ומבוכה בעודם מגמגמים. יחס מתאים מצד הורים ומורים יכול לשנות את התמונה.
O USO DA LUZ DE TRÁFEGO INTELIGENTE NA MOBILIDADE URBANA SUSTENTÁVEL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Cavalheiro Eidy Regina Marcí­lio , Quaresma Cristiano Capellani , Conti Diego Melo
Published: November 2021

O crescimento expressivo da população, particularmente nas áreas urbanas, é acompanhado pela restrição na mobilidade urbana, ocasionada por distintos fatores, dentre eles pelo aumento de veí­culos nas vias e os consequentes congestionamentos no tráfego. Este problema impulsiona a buscaÂ por soluções, em vários segmentos relacionados as polí­ticas públicas, que permitam diminuir o tempo despendido no trânsito e os problemas decorrentes desta exposição. As soluções tecnológicas desempenham um papel fundamental nesse cenário, à exemplo das soluções relacionadas a controles semafóricos inteligentes por se apresentarem como uma alternativa eficiente para os problemas de mobilidade. Com a crescente evolução tecnológica surgem várias possibilidades de implementação que atendem de forma dinâmica às necessidades impostas pelo tráfego. Contudo, analisando a literatura existente, verifica-se que existem trabalhos acadêmicos que estudam o aumento do número de veí­culos nas vias e os impactos negativos gerados pelo congestionamento nas cidades, porém, ainda se verifica uma literatura escassa quando se tratam de soluções tecnológicas para o problema de congestionamento. Nesse sentido, este artigo fornece uma revisão sistemática de literatura relacionada a semáforos inteligentes para identificar quais soluções são viáveis no atendimento às demandas caracterí­sticas de cada região e que possam servir de insumo na elaboração de polí­ticas públicas. Os estudos selecionados abordam prioritariamente temas como a utilização de sensores, câmeras e Internet das coisas como forma de detecção do volume e densidade do tráfego e estratégias distintas na elaboração dos algoritmos que, baseado nas condições do tráfego, fornecerão os melhores tempos de verde aos semáforos.
INNOVACIÓN SOCIAL Y POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS TERRITORIALES SUSTENTABLES: COMUNIDADES DE OAXACA-MEXICO
Authors: Torres-Rivera Alma Delia , San Miguel Jorge Alejandro Silva Rodrí­guez de , Silva Rodrigo Florencio da
Published: November 2021

Una de las tenciones en la construcción de una sociedad justa, solidaria e inclusiva se deriva del compromiso de no comprometer el futuro de las próximas generaciones. La razón para que esto sea así­, es que existen un conjunto de contradicciones entre la formulación y ejecución de las polí­ticas públicas territoriales y la sustentabilidad dando lugar a transformaciones sociales. Bajo este argumento el objetivo del estudio es explorar las implicaciones de la innovación social en las polí­ticas públicas territoriales con enfoque sustentable a partir de la experiencia de dos organizaciones empresariales que operan en Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. Para tal efecto, se diseñó el método de investigación con un enfoque cualitativo se desplegó tanto en la revisión de la literatura y como en la recopilación de los datos. Se concluye que la innovación social al articular proyectos sociales para un desarrollo territorial sostenible con un involucramiento débil del sector público, loÂ cual no es exclusivo de México, sino de diferentes paí­ses de Latinoamérica y el Caribe; por lo que esta investigación brinda herramientas a los tomadores de decisiones y vislumbra nuevos escenarios para investigaciones futuras.
INDICAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DO CACAU DE TOMÉ-AÇU COMO INDUTORA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO E DA PROTEÇÃO DE COMUNIDADES LOCAIS
Authors: Aguiar Manoel Enio Almeida , Mello Andrea Hentz de , Santos Sidnei Cerqueira dos , Silva Franco Jefferds dos Santos
Published: November 2021

A Indicação Geográfica (IG) é estudada no contexto da propriedade intelectual e é regulamentada pela Lei da Propriedade Industrial. O Estado do Pará é extremamente rico em biodiversidade com potencial para ter suas origens protegidas por esse signo distintivo, porém, possui apenas um registro concedido. Vários estudos tentam evidenciar a relação da IG com o processo de desenvolvimento territorial, em várias regiões do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a construção e a influência da IG do cacau de Tomé-Açú como instrumento de desenvolvimento territorial e de reconhecimento de comunidades locais, e prospectar a existência de produtos ou serviços que eventualmente estejam no centro de novas articulações de proteção. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, tendo como recorte espacial o municí­pio de Tomé-Açú. A pesquisa teve abordagem quanti-qualitativa, a partir de estudo de caso e história oral. Identificou-se que, embora ainda não haja benefí­cios econômicos concretos advindos da IG, esta pode contribuir no processo de desenvolvimento territorial e no reconhecimento de comunidades locais, além de ter potencial para inovar no processo de produção e comercialização do cacau.