bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosphere Reserves’ Management Effectiveness—A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda
Authors: Ferreira Ana Filipa , Zimmermann Heike , Santos Rui , von Wehrden Henrik
Published: July 2020

Research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness can contribute to better understanding of the existing gap between the biosphere reserve concept and its implementation. However, there is a limited understanding about where and how research about biosphere reserves’ management effectiveness has been conducted, what topics are investigated, and which are the main findings. This study addresses these gaps in the field, building on a systematic literature review of scientific papers. To this end, we investigated characteristics of publications, scope, status and location of biosphere reserves, research methods and management effectiveness. The results indicate that research is conceptually and methodologically diverse, but unevenly distributed. Three groups of papers associated with different goals of biosphere reserves were identified: capacity building, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In general, each group is associated with different methodological approaches and different regions of the world. The results indicate the importance of scale dynamics and trade-offs between goals, which are advanced as important leverage points for the success of biosphere reserves. Building on the gaps identified in the literature, a research agenda is proposed, focusing on the need to investigate mechanisms for holistic research, outcomes and trade-offs, transformations for social-ecological fit and institutions for integrated management across scales.
Teaching Ethics and Sustainability to Informatics Engineering Students, An Almost 30 Years’ Experience
Authors: Casañ Maria Jose , Alier Marc , Llorens Ariadna
Published: July 2020

A significant number of universities where engineering is taught, acknowledge the importance of the social and environmental impact of the scientific and technological practice, as well as the ethical problems it presents, and the need to provide their students with courses covering this as a subject. This paper presents 29 years of teaching courses with the subject of social, environmental, and ethical issues to students of Informatics Engineering. The table contents and its evolution over the years will be analyzed, plus the different teaching strategies applied, with emphasis on the collaborative learning methodologies to facilitate critical thinking and debate. During the experience, the course incorporated the subject of History of Informatics which proved to fit in the course. While the subject of Ethics and Sustainability is increasingly being regarded as an important matter to learn by future ICT engineers, the courses covering it remain as optional in the curriculums. This should change.
Cinema as a Transmitter of Content: Perceptions of Future Spanish Teachers for Motivating Learning
Authors: Lorenzo-Lledó Alejandro , Lledó Asunción , Lorenzo Gonzalo
Published: July 2020

In recent decades, the diverse changes produced have accelerated the relationships regulated by media. Cinema was able to bring together moving image and sound for the first time, and as a result of its audiovisual nature, it is a particularly suitable resource for motivation in education. In this light, the teacher’s perception for its application in its initial formal stage is highly relevant. The main objective of our research, therefore, has been to analyze the perceptions of cinema as a didactic resource for the transmission of content in preschool and primary education by students who are studying to become teachers themselves. The sample was composed of 4659 students from Spanish universities, both public and private. In addition to this, the PECID questionnaire was elaborated ad hoc and a comparative ex post facto design was adopted. The result showed that over 87% of students recognized the diverse educational potentialities of cinema, with motivation being an important factor. Furthermore, significant differences were found in perceptions according to different factors such as the type of teacher training degree, the Autonomous Community in which the student studied, as well as film consumption habits. On the basis of these results, future application of cinema needs to be applied using the different potentialities detected in our study.
Is Macaronichnus an exclusively small, horizontal and unbranched structure? Macaronichnus segregatis degiberti isubsp. nov.
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco Javier , Aguirre Julio
Published: July 2020

The new ichnosubspecies Macaronichnus segregatis digiberti from Miocene deposits of Cádiz, SW Spain, is described. This ichnotaxa shows the characteristic presence of a mineralogical segregation within the tube, with a core made up of low density material, surrounded by a rim of glauconite. However significant differences in size, orientation and branching with respect to the type species of Macaronichnus are observed. Macaronichnus segregatis digiberti is characterized by a diameter between 4 mm and 12 mm, with common obliquely an even vertically oriented galleries, and the presence of frequent branching. Different types of branching can be observed, including false, primary/secondary successive, and true, simultaneous branching. Specimens occur in a wide range of palaeoenvironmental contexts, from inner to outer siliciclastic shelf. This includes deeper and more distal habitats than those usually interpreted for Macaronichnus. Macaronichnus segregatis digiberti could be produced by a new tracemaker showing a composite behaviour, pascichnia being the main strategy an dominichnia/cubichnia or repichnia, a secondary, sporadic one
Quantitative Constraints on Faulting and Fault Slip Rates in the Northern Main Ethiopian Rift
Authors: Siegburg Melanie , Bull Jonathan M. , Nixon Casey W. , Keir Derek , Gernon Thomas M. , Corti Giacomo , Abebe Bekele , Sanderson David J. , Ayele Atalay
Published: July 2020

The Boset magmatic segment (BMS) of the northern Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the kinematics, interaction, and rates of activity within a fault network in a magma‐rich rift. In this paper we take advantage of the availability of (1) high‐resolution remote sensing data (LiDAR, ASTER); (2) absolute age chronology on offset reference surfaces; and (3) well‐exposed active normal fault arrays to place new constraints on rift kinematics and strain distribution, and to quantify the architecture and fault slip rates at different temporal scales within a magmatic segment. We found that the rift border faults strike approximately NE, while the younger faults in the rift segments strike NNE. Analyses of geometric rift parameters show that the axial active part of the rift is transtensional with an increase of the shear component northward. The fault displacement analyses and displacement:length ratios increase toward the segment tips, suggesting a significant contribution of fault growth by linkage. In contrast, magmatism is focused on the segment center and localized to a narrow zone. Estimated fault slip rates vary, with rates of up to ~0.37 mm/year in ~0.3 Ma old rift floor deposits, whereas higher rates of up to ~4.4 mm/year are observed for faults cutting through ~6 Ka lavas. The difference in slip rates indicates short‐term variability or a very active recent episode compared to long‐term low average slip rates.
Defining the phenotype of FHF1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Trivisano Marina , Ferretti Alessandro , Bebin Elizabeth , Huh Linda , Lesca Gaetan , Siekierska Aleksandra , Takeguchi Ryo , Carneiro Maryline , De Palma Luca , Guella Ilaria , Haginoya Kazuhiro , Shi Ruo Ming , Kikuchi Atsuo , Kobayashi Tomoko , Jung Julien , Lagae Lieven , Milh Mathieu , Mathieu Marie L. , Minassian Berge A. , Novelli Antonio , Pietrafusa Nicola , Takeshita Eri , Tartaglia Marco , Terracciano Alessandra , Thompson Michelle L. , Cooper Gregory M. , Vigevano Federico , Villard Laurent , Villeneuve Nathalie , Buyse Gunnar M. , Demos Michelle , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Specchio Nicola
Published: July 2020

Fibroblast growth‐factor homologous factor (FHF1) gene variants have recently been associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). FHF1 encodes a cytosolic protein that modulates neuronal sodium channel gating. We aim to refine the electroclinical phenotypic spectrum of patients with pathogenic FHF1 variants. We retrospectively collected clinical, genetic, neurophysiologic, and neuroimaging data of 17 patients with FHF1‐DEE. Sixteen patients had recurrent heterozygous FHF1 missense variants: 14 had the recurrent p.Arg114His variant and two had a novel likely pathogenic variant p.Gly112Ser. The p.Arg114His variant is associated with an earlier onset and more severe phenotype. One patient carried a chromosomal microduplication involving FHF1. Twelve patients carried a de novo variant, five (29.5%) inherited from parents with gonadic or somatic mosaicism. Seizure onset was between 1 day and 41 months; in 76.5% it was within 30 days. Tonic seizures were the most frequent seizure type. Twelve patients (70.6%) had drug‐resistant epilepsy, 14 (82.3%) intellectual disability, and 11 (64.7%) behavioral disturbances. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mild cerebral and/or cerebellar atrophy in nine patients (52.9%). Overall, our findings expand and refine the clinical, EEG, and imaging phenotype of patients with FHF1‐DEE, which is characterized by early onset epilepsy with tonic seizures, associated with moderate to severe ID and psychiatric features.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in children and adolescents with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Dörr Helmuth-Günther , Schulze Nadja , Bettendorf Markus , Binder Gerhard , Bonfig Walter , Denzer Christian , Dunstheimer Desiree , Salzgeber Kirsten , Schmidt Heinrich , Schwab Karl Otfried , Voss Egbert , Wabitsch Martin , Wölfle Joachim
Published: July 2020

Background

Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is caused by mutations in the active 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21A2). The clinical symptoms can vary greatly. To date, no systematic studies have been undertaken in Germany.

Aims

Description of the phenotype, evaluation of the diagnostics and genotype-phenotype correlation

Patients and methodology

Retrospective analysis of the data of 134 patients (age range 0.1–18.6 years) in a multicentre study covering 10 paediatric endocrinology centres in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. The data was gathered on site from the medical records. Two hundred and thirty-three alleles with a mutation of the CYP21A2 gene were identified in 126 patients. A genotype-phenotype correlation of the mutation findings was undertaken (C1, severe/mild; C2, mild/mild). Individuals with a heterozygous mutation of the CYP21A2 were also included (C3). The data was collected with the approval of the ethics committee of the University Hospital of Erlangen during the period of 2014 and 2015.

Results (MW ± SD)

One hundred and seventeen out of 134 patients (115 f, 29 m) were symptomatic. The chronological age (CA) at diagnosis was 7.1 ± 4.4 years. The most frequent symptom (73.5%) was premature pubarche. The height-SDS on diagnosis was 0.8 ± 1.3 and the BMI-SDS was 0.8 ± 1.2. Bone age (BA) was ascertained in 82.9% of the symptomatic patients. The difference between BA and CA was 1.9 ± 1.4 years. Basal 17OHP concentrations were 14.5 ± 19.1 ng/ml (18 patients < 2 ng/ml). In total, 58.1% mild and 34.7% severe mutations were found. The most common mutation was p.Val281Leu (39.1%); 65.8% of the patients could be allocated to group C1. No phenotypical differences were found between the 3 mutation groups. The 17OHP levels (basal and after ACTH) in the standard ACTH stimulation test were highest in group C1 and also significantly higher in group C2 as in C3, the ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels (ng/ml) were significantly lower in groups C1 (192.1 ± 62.5) and C2 (218 ± 50) than in C3 (297.3 ± 98.7).

Conclusion

Most of the patients have symptoms of mild androgenisation. Male patients are underdiagnosed. Diagnostics are not standardised. Differences between the types of mutations are found in the hormone concentrations but not in phenotype. We speculate that further, as yet not clearly defined, factors are responsible for the development of the respective phenotypes.
Domains of Influence
Authors: Hassink Jacqueline
Published: July 2020

This remarkable collection of photographic ‘portraits’ of leading businesswomen from right across the Arab world is a unique testament to the impact made on business by prominent Arab women. Art photographer Jacqueline Hassink, internationally recognised for her representations of the world of economic power, expresses these portraits through a photographic exploration of the private and business domains of these powerful women. Designed by award winning book designer Irma Boom, this beautifully illustrated, full-colour work is introduced by leading photography critic Charlotte Cotton and includes an essay by the prominent economist Dr. Heba Handoussa. Published in Association with the Arab International Women's Forum
A New Family of Ultralow Loss Reversible Phase‐Change Materials for Photonic Integrated Circuits: Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3
Authors: Delaney Matthew , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Lawson Daniel , Hewak Daniel W. , Muskens Otto L.
Published: July 2020

Phase‐change materials (PCMs) are seeing tremendous interest for their use in reconfigurable photonic devices; however, the most common PCMs exhibit a large absorption loss in one or both states. Here, Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3 are demonstrated as a class of low loss, reversible alternatives to the standard commercially available chalcogenide PCMs. A contrast of refractive index of Δn = 0.60 for Sb2S3 and Δn = 0.77 for Sb2Se3 is reported, while maintaining very low losses (k < 10−5) in the telecommunications C‐band at 1550 nm. With a stronger absorption in the visible spectrum, Sb2Se3 allows for reversible optical switching using conventional visible wavelength lasers. Here, a stable switching endurance of better than 4000 cycles is demonstrated. To deal with the essentially zero intrinsic absorption losses, a new figure of merit (FOM) is introduced taking into account the measured waveguide losses when integrating these materials onto a standard silicon photonics platform. The FOM of 29 rad phase shift per dB of loss for Sb2Se3 outperforms Ge2Sb2Te5 by two orders of magnitude and paves the way for on‐chip programmable phase control. These truly low‐loss switchable materials open up new directions in programmable integrated photonic circuits, switchable metasurfaces, and nanophotonic devices.
Monitoring Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Intermediates of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via Operando Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Shaohui , Li Yaohua , Tang Songwei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Xuanhua , Sobrido Ana Jorge , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Wei Bingqing
Published: July 2020

A deeper understanding of the water‐splitting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanism during photocatalytic processes is crucial for the rational design of efficient photocatalysts. In particular, the HER mechanism promoted by multielement hybrid structures remains extremely challenging and elusive. Herein, an in situ photoelectrochemical/Raman measurement system is employed to monitor the HER mechanism of hybrid nanostructures under realistic working conditions via operando Raman spectra and linear‐sweep voltammetry curves. As a proof of concept, tunable composition transition metal dichalcogenides MoS2xSe2(1−x) nanosheets are used as a model photocatalyst to unveil the corresponding photocatalytic mechanism. The spectroscopic studies reveal that hydrogen atoms can be adsorbed to active sulfur and selenium atoms via intermediate species formed during the photocatalytic process. More importantly, the studies demonstrate that an exponential relationship exists between the number of reactive electrons and the Raman intensity of intermediate species, which can serve as a guideline to directly evaluate the HER performance in photocatalysts by comparing the Raman intensities of the intermediate species. As a simple, intuitive, and general analytical method, the designed operando Raman measurement approach provides a new tool for elucidating catalytic reaction mechanisms in a realistic and complex environment; and strategically improving H2 production performance of multielement photocatalysts.
Current statement and safe implementation of minimally invasive surgery in the pancreas
Authors: Hayashi Hiromitsu , Baba Hideo
Published: July 2020

Minimally invasive pancreatic resection has become very popular in modern pancreatic surgery. Evidence of the benefits of a minimally invasive approach is accumulating thanks to prospective and randomized controlled studies. Minimally invasive surgery provides advantages to the surgeon due to the high definition of the surgical field and the freedom of fine movement of the robot, but should be considered only in selected patients and in high‐volume centers. Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for benign and low‐grade malignant tumors has established a secure position over open distal pancreatectomy, since it is associated with a shorter hospital stay, reduced blood loss, and equivalent complication rates. Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma appears to be a feasible, safe, and oncologically equivalent technique in experienced hands. On the other hand, the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy are still controversial compared with open pancreaticoduodenectomy. The choice of either technique among open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches depends on surgeons' experience and hospital resources with a focus on patient safety. Further studies are needed to prove the perioperative and oncological advantages of minimally invasive surgery compared to open surgery in the pancreas. Here, we review the current status of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery and its safe implementation.
Effect of Spectral Overlap and Separation Distance on Exciton and Biexciton Quantum Yields and Radiative and Nonradiative Recombination Rates in Quantum Dots Near Plasmon Nanoparticles
Authors: Krivenkov Victor , Dyagileva Daria , Samokhvalov Pavel , Nabiev Igor , Rakovich Yury
Published: July 2020

Efficient biexciton (BX) photoluminescence (PL) from quantum dots (QDs) paves the way to the generation of entangled photons and related applications. However, the quantum yield (QY) of BX PL is much lower than that for single excitons (EX) due to efficient Auger‐like recombination. In the vicinity of plasmon nanoparticles, the recombination rates of EX and BX may be affected by the Purcell effect, fluorescence quenching, and the excitation rate enhancement. Here, the effect of the plasmon resonance spectral position on the EX and BX PL is experimentally studied in two cases: when the plasmon band overlaps with the excitation wavelength and when it coincides with the QDs PL band. In the first case, the EX and BX excitation efficiencies are significantly increased but the EX QY reduced. As a result, the BX‐to‐EX QY ratio is higher than 1 at plasmon–exciton systems separations shorter than 40 nm. In the second case, the radiative recombination rates are enhanced by several orders of magnitude, which led to an increase in BX QY over distances of up to 90 nm. Finally, these two effects are obtained in the same hybrid structure, with the resultant increase in both excitation efficiency and QY of BX PL.
S‐adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine boost cellular productivities of antibody forming Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Verhagen Natascha , Teleki Attila , Heinrich Christoph , Schilling Martin , Unsöld Andreas , Takors Ralf
Published: July 2020

The improvement of cell specific productivities for the formation of therapeutic proteins is an important step towards intensified production processes. Among others, the induction of the desired production phenotype via proper media additives is a feasible solution provided that said compounds adequately trigger metabolic and regulatory programs inside the cells. In this study, S‐(5′‐adenosyl)‐
l‐methionine (SAM) and 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine (MTA) were found to stimulate cell specific productivities up to approx. 50% while keeping viable cell densities transiently high and partially arresting the cell cycle in an anti‐IL‐8‐producing CHO‐DP12 cell line. Noteworthy, MTA turned out to be the chemical degradation product of the methyl group donor SAM and is consumed by the cells.
Asymmetric One‐Pot Mukaiyama Michael/Michael Reaction Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether
Authors: Umekubo Nariyoshi , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: July 2020

The asymmetric catalytic Mukaiyama Michael reaction between α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and silyl enol ether derived from a cyclic ketone was catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether to afford Michael products with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone derivatives can be synthesized as a single isomer in a nearly optically pure form via a two‐step, one‐pot reaction, comprising the sequential Mukaiyama Michael reaction and intramolecular Michael reaction starting from dienol silyl ether and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, catalyzed by diphenylprolinol silyl ether. In the second Michael reaction, positive kinetic resolution occurred to increase the enantioselectivity.
The tragedy of COVID‐19 in Brazil: 124 maternal deaths and counting
Authors: Takemoto Maira L. S. , Menezes Mariane de O. , Andreucci Carla B. , Nakamura‐Pereira Marcos , Amorim Melania M.R. , Katz Leila , Knobel Roxana
Published: July 2020

At the time of writing 124 pregnant or postpartum women in Brazil have died due to COVID‐19 (representing a mortality rate of 12.7%), a figure that currently surpasses the total number of COVID‐19‐related maternal deaths reported throughout the rest of the world.
Polarization‐dependent second‐harmonic generation for collagen‐based differentiation of breast cancer samples
Authors: Tsafas Vassilis , Gavgiotaki Evangelia , Tzardi Maria , Tsafa Effrosyni , Fotakis Costas , Athanassakis Irene , Filippidis George
Published: July 2020

Nonlinear optical imaging techniques have been widely used to reveal biological structures for accurate diagnosis at the cellular as well as the tissue level. In the present study, polarization‐dependent second‐harmonic generation (PSHG) was used to determine collagen orientation in breast cancer biopsy tissues (grades 0, I, II and III). The obtained data were processed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, while second‐harmonic generation (SHG) anisotropy and the “ratio parameter” values were also calculated. Such measurements were shown to be able to distinguish collagen structure modifications in different cancer grades tested. The analysis presented herein suggests that PSHG imaging could provide a quantitative evaluation of the tumor state and the distinction of malignant from benign breast tissues. The obtained results also allowed the development of a biophysical model, which can explain the aforementioned differentiations and is in agreement with the simulations relating the SHG anisotropy values with the mechanical tension applied to the collagen during cancer progression. The current approach could be a step forward for the development of new, nondestructive, label free optical diagnostic tools for cancer reducing the need of recalls and unnecessary biopsies, while potentially improving cancer detection rates.
Early‐stage predictors of the acute phase duration in uncomplicated COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Carallo Claudio , Pugliese Fabiola , Tripolino Cesare , Lenzi Lorenza , Oliveri Chiara , Fasani Giada , Guarrera Giovanni M. , Spagnolli Walter , Cozzio Susanna
Published: July 2020

Objective

In this study, we aimed to highlight the common early‐stage clinical and laboratory variables independently related to the acute phase duration in patients with uncomplicated coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia.

Methods

In hospitalized patients, the acute phase disease duration was followed using the Brescia‐COVID respiratory severity scale. Noninvasive ventilation was administered based on clinical judgment. Patients requiring oropharyngeal intubation were excluded from the study. For parameters to be measured at the hospital entrance, age, clinical history, National Early Warning Score 2 (a multiparametric score system), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F ratio), C‐reactive protein, and blood cell count were selected.

Results

In 64 patients, age (direct relationship), P/F, and platelet number (inverse relationship) independently accounted for 43% of the acute phase duration of the disease (P < .001).

Conclusions

For the first time, the present results revealed that the acute phase duration of noncomplicated pneumonia, resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is independently predicted from a patient's age, as well as based on the hospital entrance values of P/F ratio and peripheral blood platelet count.
Therapeutic applications of chelating drugs in iron metabolic disorders of the brain and retina
Authors: Shahandeh Ali , Bui Bang V. , Finkelstein David I. , Nguyen Christine T. O.
Published: July 2020

Iron is essential for normal cellular function, however, excessive accumulation of iron in neural tissue has been implicated in both cortical and retinal diseases. The exact role of iron in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders remains incompletely understood. However, iron‐induced damage to the brain and retina is often attributed to the redox ability of iron to generate dangerous free radicals, which exacerbates local oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Iron chelators are compounds designed to scavenge labile iron, aiding to regulate iron bioavailability. Recently there has been growing interest in the application of chelating agents for treatment of diseases including neurodegenerative conditions, characterized by increased oxidative stress. This article reviews both clinical and preclinical evidence relating to the effectiveness of iron chelation therapy in conditions of iron dyshomeostasis linked to neurodegeneration in the brain and retina. The limitations as well as future opportunities iron chelation therapy are discussed.
Running wild with metaphors: Rethinking the evolution of social enterprise
Authors: Peattie Ken
Published: July 2020

Using new metaphors to characterize social enterprises may unlock novel and effective ways to better understand their distinctiveness. Metaphors are frequently used to describe and understand social enterprises (S.E.s) as a type of organization. Some of the more popular metaphors may generate unhelpful constraints to, or assumptions within, discussions about S.E.s. Moreover, new types of metaphors may generate new insights into the nature and contribution of S.E.s.
Northern Bobwhite Non‐Breeding Habitat Selection in a Longleaf Pine Woodland
Authors: Kroeger Anthony J. , DePerno Christopher S. , Harper Craig A. , Rosche Sarah B. , Moorman Christopher E.
Published: July 2020

Efforts to halt the decline of the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite) across its distribution have had limited success. Understanding bobwhite habitat requirements across the annual cycle and at varying scales is essential to aid efforts to conserve bobwhites. We monitored radio‐tagged bobwhites from 2016 to 2018 on a 165‐km2portion of Fort Bragg Military Installation in the Sandhills physiographic region of North Carolina, USA, to determine factors influencing non‐breeding bobwhite habitat selection at multiple scales. We used generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized linear mixed models to assess bobwhite habitat selection at the microsite scale (the immediate vicinity of an animal) and the macrosite scale (across the study area), respectively, by comparing used points to available random points. At the microsite scale, bobwhites strongly selected areas with greater woody understory cover. Also, bobwhite selection increased with greater forb and switchcane (Arundinaria tecta) cover, but this effect plateaued at 65% forb cover and 50% switchcane cover. At the macrosite scale, bobwhites generally selected areas with greater understory cover within a 200‐m radius but avoided areas with >55% understory cover; these areas primarily were located in the core areas of drainages with extensive ericaceous vegetation. Bobwhites selected areas with 3–6 m2/ha hardwood basal area in uplands, potentially because of the availability of mast, but avoided uplands when pine (Pinusspp.) or hardwood basal area exceeded 20 m2/ha or 12 m2/ha, respectively, likely because high basal area is associated with increased shading and subsequent loss of understory cover. In addition, bobwhites selected uplands 1 growing season (≥2‐month period falling entirely between 1 Apr and 1 Oct) post‐fire regardless of burn season. Overall, managers seeking to improve habitat quality for bobwhites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands should employ management practices that maintain available woody understory across the landscape to provide cover during the non‐breeding season. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
An integrated mental health and vocational intervention: A longitudinal study on mental health changes among young adults
Authors: Liljeholm Ulrika , Argentzell Elisabeth , Bejerholm Ulrika
Published: July 2020

Aim

This study aimed to investigate changes in mental health among young adults participating in an integrated mental health and vocational support intervention according to the Södertälje Supported Employment and Education model.

Design

A prospective longitudinal pre–post intervention study of 12 months.

Methods

Instruments on depressive symptoms, quality of life, empowerment, engagement in activities and sociodemographic characteristics were administered to 42 young adults aged 19–28 years with mood disorders. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to assess changes in mental health.

Results

Statistically significant positive changes between baseline and 12 months were noted for quality of life and engagement in activities. Difference in empowerment scores neared significance and a statistical trend towards lower depression scores was seen, corresponding to moderate depression at baseline and less severe depression at 12 months.

Conclusions

Integrated mental health and vocational services may support young adults' mental health and is suggested to be linked to their personal recovery and clinical recovery.
Hydrophilic TiO2 decorated carbon nanotubes/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Tsen Wen‐Chin
Published: July 2020

Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is currently considered to be one of the most potential candidates of commercial perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes. To balance the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of SPEEK, nano TiO2 coated carbon nanotubes (TiO2@CNTs) were prepared using a benzyl alcohol‐assisted sol‐gel method and then used as a new nanofiller to modify SPEEK to prepare SPEEK/TiO2@CNTs composite membranes. The thick insulated TiO2 coating layer can effectively avoid the risk of electronic short‐circuiting formed by CNTs, while the hydrophilicity of TiO2 can also reduce the polar difference between CNTs and SPEEK matrix, thus promoting the homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the composites. As a result, the composite membranes demonstrated simultaneously improved strength and proton conductivity. Incorporating 5 wt% of TiO2@CNTs exhibited 31% growth in mechanical strength when compared with pure SPEEK. Moreover, the maximum conductivity was 0.104 S cm−1 (80°C) for the composite membrane with 5 wt% of TiO2@CNTs, which was nearly twice as high as that of SPEEK membrane (0.052 S cm−1).
Molecularly engineering polymeric membranes for H2/CO2 separation at 100–300 °C
Authors: Hu Leiqing , Pal Sankhajit , Nguyen Hien , Bui Vinh , Lin Haiqing
Published: July 2020

Over the last two decades, polymers with superior H2/CO2 separation properties at 100–300 °C have gathered significant interest for H2 purification and CO2 capture. This timely review presents various strategies adopted to molecularly engineer polymers for this application. We first elucidate the Robeson's upper bound at elevated temperatures for H2/CO2 separation and the advantages of high‐temperature operation (such as improved solubility selectivity and absence of CO2 plasticization), compared with conventional membrane gas separations at ~35 °C. Second, we describe commercially relevant membranes for the separation and highlight materials with free volumes tuned to discriminate H2 and CO2, including functional polymers (such as polybenzimidazole) and engineered polymers by cross‐linking, blending, thermal treatment, thermal rearrangement, and carbonization. Third, we succinctly discuss mixed matrix materials containing size‐sieving or H2‐sorptive nanofillers with attractive H2/CO2 separation properties.
Implementation strategies for depression and anxiety screening in a pediatric cystic fibrosis center: A quality improvement project
Authors: Liu Freda F. , Lew Al , Andes Elizabeth , McNamara Sharon , Cassidy Janine , Whitmore Susan , Plunkett Rich , Ong Thida
Published: July 2020

Background

Guidelines to integrate mental health screening (MHS) into Cystic fibrosis (CF) care has increased adoption across the United States and European CF Centers, however, there has been limited discussion on specific strategies for implementation.

Objective

Share key strategies that led to successful MHS implementation in one pediatric CF center and report implementation and screening outcomes.

Methods

Parent partners, mental health experts from the Department of Psychiatry, and the CF clinic team codesigned interventions to support three major stakeholders: (a) patients and families (b) clinic team, and (c) hospital system. The mental health coordinator approached patients (12 and older) to introduce MHS and administered screening and reviewed results using an electronic tablet and digital measurement‐feedback system. We used strategies that promoted visibility of screening progress and sharing of data with hospital administration. Descriptive statistics were used to assess prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression and symptom severity within our sample.

Results

Over the first 2 years of the project, we exceeded our goal of screening 80% of eligible patients per year (80%‐95% screened) and are on a similar trajectory within the first 7 months of year 3. We identified high prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of depression (16%) and anxiety (14%) similar to those found in other chronic illness populations. These data helped us advocate hospital leadership to support the development of new mental health services to address identified needs at our center.

Conclusion

Leveraging coproduction to address stakeholder needs led to successful implementation of a sustainable MHS process.
Framework for assessing land‐management effects on at‐risk species: Example ofSE USAwood pellet production and gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)
Authors: Parish Esther S. , Baskaran Latha M. , Dale Virginia H.
Published: July 2020

Land‐management choices made for economic and societal gains intrinsically influence landscapes and species that are dependent upon them. We propose a simple analysis framework to examine critical intersections between land‐management choices and the life‐history conditions of selected species of concern, thereby facilitating the identification of mitigation practices that can reduce negative impacts on species at risk. We test the proposed framework through application to gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus), a keystone species that is the focus of conservation efforts across the southeastern region of United States of America, where wood pellets are being produced for bioenergy. Production of these wood pellets for export to Europe and Asia has drastically increased in the past decade, raising concerns about potential harm to biodiversity since many species in the forests sourcing pellet production were already at risk prior to the development of this new commodity. Identifying the mechanisms of potential impacts of wood pellet production on species of concern is essential to establishing meaningful management recommendations that can enhance conservation efforts while supporting sustainable bioenergy. By considering the intersections between life‐history conditions of gopher tortoise and forest‐management practices related to woody biomass extraction for pellet production, we identify several mechanisms by which the wood‐pellet industry might affect this species of concern, both positively and negatively. We then identify mitigation practices that can help offset the potential impacts of logging, thinning, and dead wood removal on gopher tortoise. Our analysis framework may be transferable to other species of concern and land‐management practices across diverse landscapes.

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Ester Prodrugs of Malonate with Enhanced Intracellular Delivery Protect Against Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo
Authors: Prag Hiran A. , Pala Laura , Kula-Alwar Duvaraka , Mulvey John F. , Luping Du , Beach Timothy E. , Booty Lee M. , Hall Andrew R. , Logan Angela , Sauchanka Volha , Caldwell Stuart T. , Robb Ellen L. , James Andrew M. , Xu Zhelong , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Hartley Richard C. , Murphy Michael P. , Krieg Thomas
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon reperfusion of ischemic tissue initiates the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with heart attack. During ischemia, succinate accumulates and its oxidation upon reperfusion by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) drives ROS production. Inhibition of succinate accumulation and/or oxidation by dimethyl malonate (DMM), a cell permeable prodrug of the SDH inhibitor malonate, can decrease I/R injury. However, DMM is hydrolysed slowly, requiring administration to the heart prior to ischemia, precluding its administration to patients at the point of reperfusion, for example at the same time as unblocking a coronary artery following a heart attack. To accelerate malonate delivery, here we developed more rapidly hydrolysable malonate esters.

Methods

We synthesised a series of malonate esters and assessed their uptake and hydrolysis by isolated mitochondria, C2C12 cells and in mice in vivo. In addition, we assessed protection against cardiac I/R injury by the esters using an in vivo mouse model of acute myocardial infarction.

Results

We found that the diacetoxymethyl malonate diester (MAM) most rapidly delivered large amounts of malonate to cells in vivo. Furthermore, MAM could inhibit mitochondrial ROS production from succinate oxidation and was protective against I/R injury in vivo when added at reperfusion.

Conclusions

The rapidly hydrolysed malonate prodrug MAM can protect against cardiac I/R injury in a clinically relevant mouse model.
Seasonal variability in the inorganic ocean carbon cycle in the Northwest Pacific evaluated using a biogeochemical and carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model
Authors: Ishizu Miho , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Tsunoda Tomohiko , Guo Xinyu
Published: July 2020

Here, we investigate the seasonal variability in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) cycle in the Northwest Pacific using a high-resolution biogeochemical and carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model. Results show that the contribution to DIC from air–sea CO2exchange is generally offset by vertical mixing at the surface at all latitudes, with some seasonal variation. Biological processes in subarctic regions are evident at the surface, whereas in the subtropical region these processes take place within the euphotic layer and then DIC consumption deepens southward with latitude. Such latitudinal differences in biological processes lead to marked horizontal and vertical contrasts in the distribution of DIC, with modulation by horizontal and vertical advection–diffusion processes.
Geochemical compositional controls on DNA strand breaks induced in in vitro cell-free assays by crushed rock powders from the Panasqueira mine area, Portugal
Authors: Badri Hatim , Polya David A. , Povey Andrew. C.
Published: July 2020

DNA strand breaks are a common form of DNA damage that can contribute to chromosomal instability or gene mutations. Such strand breaks may be caused by exposure to heavy metals. The aim of this study was to assess the level of DNA strand breaks caused by µm-scale solid particles of known chemical composition with elevated heavy metals/metalloids, notably arsenic, using an in vitro cell-free DNA plasmid scission assay. These samples were incubated with and without H2O2to see whether damage occurs directly or indirectly through the Fenton reaction. Levels of DNA damage in the absence of H2O2were < 10%, but in the presence of H2O2, all samples showed higher levels of damage ranging from 10 to 100% suggesting that damage was being incurred through the Fenton reaction. Using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple linear regression, manganese oxide (MnO), sulphur (S), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the particulates were found to be the most significant predictors of DNA damage. The mechanism of this DNA damage formation has yet to be thoroughly investigated but is hypothesised to be due to reactive oxygen species formation. Further work is required to assess the extent of contribution of reactive oxygen species to this DNA damage, but this study highlights the potential role of chemistry and/or mineralogy to the extent and/or nature of DNA damage caused by particulates.
Prolegomena to a phenomenology of “religious violence”: an introductory exposition
Authors: Staudigl Michael
Published: July 2020

This introductory essay discusses how the trope of “religious violence” is operative in contemporary discussions concerning the so-called “return of religion” and the “post-secular constellation.” The author argues that the development of a genuine phenomenology of “religious violence” calls on us to critically reconsider the modern discourses that all too unambiguously tie religion and violence together. In a first part, the paper fleshes out the fault lines of a secularist modernity spinning out of control. In a second part, it demonstrates how the “liberal imaginary” revolves around individualist conceptions of freedom and sovereignty that, on their part, become parasitic upon imaginations of disorder, otherness and (especially religious) violence. In a third part, the author demonstrates how these insights call for developing a transformed phenomenological framework in order to give a more sensible account of “religious violence.” Finally, in presenting the articles gathered in this “special issue” ofContinental Philosophy Review, some pathways into such a sensibilized phenomenology of “religious violence” are outlined.
Science Education in the Light of COVID-19
Authors: Reiss Michael J.
Published: July 2020

In this position paper, I examine how the history, philosophy and sociology of science (HPS) can contribute to science education in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss shortcomings in the ways that history is often used in school science, and examine how knowledge of previous pandemics might help in teaching about COVID-19. I look at the potential of issues to do with measurement in the context of COVID-19 (e.g. measurement of mortality figures) to introduce school students to issues about philosophy of science, and I show how COVID-19 has the affordance to broaden and deepen the moral philosophy that students typically meet in biology lessons. COVID-19 also provides opportunities to introduce students to sociological ways of thinking, examining data and questioning human practices. It can also enable students to see how science, economics and politics inter-relate. In the final part of the paper, I suggest that there are strong arguments in favour of an interdisciplinary approach in tackling zoonoses like COVID-19 and that there is much to be said for such interdisciplinarity in school science lessons when teaching about socio-scientific issues and issues intended to raise scientific literacy.
3D Printing of NiCoP/Ti3C2 MXene Architectures for Energy Storage Devices with High Areal and Volumetric Energy Density
Authors: Yu Lianghao , Li Weiping , Wei Chaohui , Yang Qifeng , Shao Yuanlong , Sun Jingyu
Published: July 2020

Designing high-performance electrodes via 3D printing for advanced energy storage is appealing but remains challenging. In normal cases, light-weight carbonaceous materials harnessing excellent electrical conductivity have served as electrode candidates. However, they struggle with undermined areal and volumetric energy density of supercapacitor devices, thereby greatly impeding the practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the in situ coupling of NiCoP bimetallic phosphide and Ti3C2 MXene to build up heavy NCPM electrodes affording tunable mass loading throughout 3D printing technology. The resolution of prints reaches 50 μm and the thickness of device electrodes is ca. 4 mm. Thus-printed electrode possessing robust open framework synergizes favorable capacitance of NiCoP and excellent conductivity of MXene, readily achieving a high areal and volumetric capacitance of 20 F cm−2 and 137 F cm−3 even at a high mass loading of ~ 46.3 mg cm−2. Accordingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor full cell assembled with 3D-printed NCPM as a positive electrode and 3D-printed activated carbon as a negative electrode harvests remarkable areal and volumetric energy density of 0.89 mWh cm−2 and 2.2 mWh cm−3, outperforming the most of state-of-the-art carbon-based supercapacitors. The present work is anticipated to offer a viable solution toward the customized construction of multifunctional architectures via 3D printing for high-energy-density energy storage systems.
Displays of Sugar Sculpture and the Collection of Antiquities in Late Renaissance Venice
Authors: Kociszewska Ewa
Published: July 2020

This article examines the sugar sculptures created for a ball in honor of Henri III of France in the Palazzo Ducale in Venice in 1574. The first part discusses the production and display of the statuettes. In the next section, the setting of the sugar sculptures is examined in the context of the collation prepared for the king in Palazzo Grimani in Santa Maria Formosa, which contains the city's greatest collection of antiquities. Finally, the article examines the possible relationships between sugar statuettes and ancient sculptures and their use in crafting the image of Venice as a new Rome.
WHICH FACTORS DETERMINE THE CHOICE OF REFERENTIAL EXPRESSIONS IN L2 ENGLISH DISCOURSE?
Authors: Quesada Teresa , Lozano Cristóbal
Published: July 2020

Referential expressions (REs) have been investigated in L2 English but to date there is no single study that systematically and simultaneously analyzes the development and acquisition of the multiple factors that constrain the choice of REs in natural discourse production. We investigate L1 Spanish–L2 English learners across three proficiency levels versus an English control group from the COREFL corpus. An analysis of both the RE and its antecedent(s) reveals that different intra- and extralinguistic factors constrain the choice of REs (information status, activated antecedents, syntactic configurations, characterhood, within-task effect, and proficiency level). L2 learners (L2ers) are sensitive to some factors but are unable to fully attain native-like levels even at advanced stages. They do not transfer null subjects from their L1 contrary to previous L2 research, and do not find all contexts at the syntax-discourse interface equally problematic, thus confirming previous theoretical proposals and empirical findings.