bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Goals, Assessment, and Evaluation Practices in Rape Crisis Centers
Authors: Voth Schrag Rachel , Edmond Tonya E.
Published: December 2018

Counselors in Rape Crisis Centers (RCCs) provide crucial services to survivors of sexual violence. However, little is known about RCCs, including the treatment goals and assessment strategies of counselors. Counselors in all Texas RCCs (n = 83) were invited to participate in a web-based survey. Participants were asked to indicate which treatment goals they frequently identified and assessed, as well as their usual assessment techniques. Counselors endorsed treatment goals around self-esteem, empowerment, and relational functioning, along with trauma and mental health. Fewer counselors endorsed goals around drugs/alcohol or school/work/sexual functioning. Few counselors reported use of standardized measures. Counselors in urban settings were more likely to endorse goals related to mental health. There are discrepancies between counselors’ goals and how often outcomes are assessed. Increased assessment could promote the provision of effective services and access to funding.
Associations of Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance With Male- and Female-Perpetrated Sexual Coercion in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Barbaro Nicole , Holub Andrew M. , Shackelford Todd K.
Published: December 2018

Few studies have investigated the associations between romantic attachment dimensions and sexual coercion perpetration. The present study aimed to address methodological limitations in previous studies, and to more accurately identify the associations between romantic attachment and sexual coercion perpetration in romantic relationships. Data from 284 individuals (56% men) were secured via an online self-report survey. Participants completed assessments of romantic attachment to their current romantic partner, and reported the frequency with which they perpetrated 34 acts of sexual coercion against their romantic partner. Attachment anxiety was a positive predictor of sexual coercion perpetration for men and women. Additionally, for men only, the association between attachment anxiety and sexual coercion perpetration was stronger for individuals with greater attachment avoidance. The results of the study present a clearer picture of the associations between attachment and sexual coercion, and accord with modern theoretical perspectives positing that romantic attachment regulates reactions to acute and ongoing relationship threats.
La investigación disciplinar: un camino hacia la construcción de la ciencia en Fisioterapia
Authors: Moreno-Collazos Jorge Enrique
Published: December 2018

El ejercicio profesional de la fisioterapia en Colombia, se rige por los principios rectores del ejercicio y competencias profesionales formulados por la Confederación Mundial de Fisioterapia (WCPT) y expresados en la Ley 528 de 1999; los cuales orientan a las facultades de fisioterapia del país en la regulación disciplinar y ocupacional. Según las disposiciones de esta Ley, el fisioterapeuta podrá desarrollar competencias laborares en los diferentes campos de acción y áreas de desempeño con los que cuenta la profesión, actuando de acuerdo con las condiciones de salud–enfermedad, relacionadas con su objeto de estudio: el movimiento corporal humano desde el desempeño y la funcionalidad. Estos desarrollos disciplinares en la fisioterapia se han visto representados en el incremento de la evidencia científica acerca de sus intervenciones; en los cambios tanto en el sistema de salud, como en la atención del servicio; en la interdisciplinariedad de los programas universitarios y en la variabilidad de las necesidades del medio en el que se desenvuelven los profesionales en fisioterapia. Con respecto a este cambio, con el pasar del tiempo se ha producido un avance en lo concerniente a las técnicas, así como en los campos de aplicación, llevando a que se desarrolle la formación continua; la cual surge como una necesidad por el propio colectivo, donde la situación actual del mercado de trabajo propicia la orientación hacia el ejercicio libre y hacia la extensión de otras corrientes de profesiones sanitarias
Infecciones oportunistas post inicio de tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH/SIDA en un hospital público de Perú
Authors: Montalvo Raúl Héctor , Mejía Jhonatan R , Ramírez Percy , Rojas Eder , Serpa Henry , Tiza Víctor
Published: December 2018

Introducción: El Tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) suprime la replicación viral del VIH aun así ocurre las infecciones oportunistas (IOs) post inicio del TAR. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar las infecciones oportunistas (IOs) en pacientes con infección por VIH/SIDA que inician TAR en un hospital público de Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte prospectivo de 8 años de seguimiento a los pacientes con infección por VIH/SIDA que iniciaron TAR.  Resultados: De 427 pacientes estudiados, 111 (26%) presentaron por lo menos una infección oportunista. Los pacientes que presentaron IOs tuvieron una media de CD4: 107,5 células /ml, mientras que este conteo fue más alto en los pacientes sin coinfección (p<0,01), la carga viral no está relacionada con la presencia de IOs (p = 0,48).  Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron: tuberculosis (43,2%), diarrea crónica (29,7%), candidiasis (10,8%), toxoplasmosis,  citomegalovirus (4,5%) y Pneumocistosis (3,6%). Conclusiones: A pesar de los avances en el manejo de la infección por VIH/SIDA, las IOs continúan siendo la principal causa de hospitalización y la tuberculosis es el factor más importante asociado a mortalidad.
Variación en el nivel de compromiso y estrés laboral de los funcionarios del Hospital de Yungay Chile tras implementar un plan de intervención que los involucre en el proceso de acreditación
Authors: Piña Nicole Mariana , Chiang-Vega María Margarita , Lama Sebastián
Published: December 2018

Introducción: El estudio pretende evaluar el nivel de estrés laboral y compromiso organizacional de los funcionarios de una institución pública que trabaja en el proceso de acreditación en salud. Este, impulsado por el Ministerio de Salud para garantizar una atención segura y de calidad a la población. La institución en estudio no cuenta con una metodología que involucre a los funcionarios en este proceso, de manera que puedan desarrollar y/o adquirir las herramientas necesarias para enfrentarse a los nuevos cambios. Objetivo: Analizar la variación del nivel de compromiso organizacional y estrés laboral percibido por los funcionarios de una institución pública luego de implementar un plan de intervención que los involucre en el proceso de acreditación. Método: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal. en 95 de 131 funcionarios de la institución. El plan de intervención se desarrolló durante seis meses, con una evaluación previa y posterior a la implementación. Resultados: Los funcionarios mostraron un compromiso medio alto (media > 3pts), donde destacó la media del compromiso afectivo, y una percepción de “estrés positivo” en ambas evaluaciones. Aumentaron significativamente el compromiso normativo, la capacidad de control y apoyo social percibido, que, sumado a la disminución de la inseguridad en el empleo frente la misma percepción de demandas psicológicas, generó una disminución en la percepción final de estrés. A su vez, hubo una correlación significativa inversamente proporcional entre las variables compromiso organizacional y estrés laboral. Conclusión: El plan de intervención generó un impacto positivo en el compromiso organizacional y estrés laboral.
Proceso enfermero a paciente pediátrico con ependimoma grado II: estudio de caso
Authors: González-Castillo María Guadalupe , Díaz-Avila Alma Lucero
Published: December 2018

Introducción. El Proceso Enfermero representa el eje metodológico de enfermería para brindar cuidados individualizados, de allí que el siguiente destaque los cuidados a una paciente con ependimoma grado II; tumor que se originan a partir de células ependimarias que revisten las paredes de los ventrículos cerebrales y/o el canal central de la medula espinal.  Objetivo. Diseñar un plan de cuidados de enfermería personalizado para la atención a la paciente pediátrica con Ependimoma clásico Grado II en base a la teoría General de Dorothea Orem. Descripción. Paciente de 14 años de edad, quien inicia padecimiento presentando cefalea opresiva de irradiación a cervicales con exacerbación al colocarse en decúbito dorsal, náuseas, vomito en proyectil, disminución de la fuerza muscular en hemicuerpo izquierdo y desviación de la comisura labial hacia la derecha, es diagnosticada con epéndimoma clásico de grado II y se inicia tratamiento secuencial con radioterapia y agentes citotóxicos, compuesto tipo tiol, inhibidores de los receptores H2  y antieméticos. Discusión. De los 15 diagnósticos enfermeros incluidos para la atención de la paciente se contribuyó a mejorar su calidad de vida y se hizo evidente que el papel que la enfermera desempeña en el cuidado del paciente oncológico adolescente es imprescindible considerando que la puntuación diana total posterior a la intervención incremento de manera considerable.
The Influence of a Recess Intervention on Children’s Sense of Belonging and Enjoyment
Authors: McNamara Lauren , Gibson Jenny , Lakman Yana , Spadafora Natalie , Lodewyk Ken , Walker Meaghan
Published: December 2018

School climate has long been understood to influence student success, yet the social climate and playspace of recess is often overlooked in overall school improvement efforts. The Recess Project is a collaborative action research project that aims to improve the social climate of recess through fostering a sense of belonging and enjoyment. We report a mixed-methods exploratory evaluation of the project based on survey data from 784 students in grades 4-8. Quantitative analysis compared scores for belonging and enjoyment between children who attended Recess Project (RP) schools and those who did not NRP. The RP group reported more enjoyment than the NRP group, while sense of belonging was not significantly different between groups. Belonging and positive affect were positively associated with enjoyment scores in both groups, however, these associations were stronger in the RP group. Qualitative analyses revealed children enjoyed recess for the opportunity to socialise and to have autonomy over their activities. Children who did not enjoy recess reported boredom, bad weather and experiences of victimisation. We discuss the implications for future work on improving the quality of the social climate of recess.
Rompendo o silêncio: alteridades e subalternidades na música e na arte sonora. Resenha do livro The Second Sound – Conversations on Gender and Music de Julia Eckhardt e Leen De Graeve
Authors: Zerbinatti Camila Durães
Published: December 2018

Apresento aqui uma resenha sobre o livro The Second Sound – Conversations on Gender and Music (O segundo som – conversas sobre gênero e música), de Julia Eckhardt e Leen De Graeve (2017). O contexto e as motivações da obra, a organização e as discussões trazidas pelo livro são apresentados e refletidos com o objetivo de promover sua divulgação e suas contribuições no Brasil e entre leitoras(es) de português e interessadas(os) no campo de estudos em música e gênero. É oferecida uma perspectiva descritiva e reflexiva sobre o livro, na qual ressalto a realização, alcançada pelas autoras, da promoção de diálogos sobre música e gênero, com pessoas diversas que atuam em diferentes âmbitos da música e da arte sonora, apresentados de forma criativa, acessível, plural, heterogênea, embasada e crítica.
Public health concerns and implications of medical tourism in Penang
Authors: SZE LOON Chow
Published: December 2018

Medical
tourism is a growing industry in Malaysia, but it is not without its own public
health implications. Despite the growing importance of medical travel, little
is known of its impact, especially in relation to the public health concerns of
the receiving countries. This
paper aims to explore the various public health concerns and issues faced by
Penang, a popular destination for medical tourism in South East Asia (S.E.A).
It also highlights the changes on socio demographics in certain residential
areas which cater to medical tourists, the risk of importing undetected
infectious diseases like TB through medical tourists, and the strain on the
public health system due to limited resources left for local patients. This
paper also highlights the future direction in which the medical tourism should
be regulated in order to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases (e.g. TB)
across borders.
Evitación experiencial y uso abusivo del smartphone: un enfoque bayesiano
Authors: Ruiz-Ruano García Ana María , López-Salmerón María Dolores , López Puga Jorge
Published: December 2018

El uso del teléfono móvil se ha convertido en una actividad cotidiana en nuestro entorno más cercano. Dicho uso, según investigaciones recientes, tiene tanto aspectos positivos como negativos. Aunque hay controversia en cuanto a la denominación del fenómeno, se aprecia cierta preocupación por las consecuencias negativas que tiene el uso excesivo del teléfono móvil. Este estudio analiza la relación que se establece entre el uso abusivo del teléfono móvil y la evitación experiencial. Se utilizó una muestra compuesta por 1176 participantes (828 fueron mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 82 años (M = 30.97; DT = 12.05). Se empleó la escala SAS-SV para valorar el uso problemático del móvil y el AAQ-II para la evitación experiencial. Para modelar la relación que se establece entre las variables se hizo uso de inferencia bayesiana y redes bayesianas. Los resultados muestran una relación directa entre el uso abusivo, la evitación experiencial y las redes sociales. Además, los datos sugieren que el sexo juega un papel mediador entre estas variables. Estos resultados son útiles para entender el uso saludable y patológico del teléfono móvil así como para orientar el tratamiento de los trastornos que pueden surgir de un mal uso de estos dispositivos.
HUMAN RIGHT DIMENSION IN HEALTH SERVICE (Functional Relation among Doctor, Patient, and Hospital)
Authors: Suharto Bekti
Published: December 2018

This research aimed at analyzing exposure of global capitalism which undermines sense humanity in health services in Indonesia, explaining health care policy, and designing model of functional relationship among  doctors, patients, and hospitals, based on human rights. This qualitative research used socio-legal approach. Primary and secondary data were collected by using observation, interviews, and documentation study. Data were analyzed through interactive data analysis process. It found sense of humanity in health services was undermined due to health market laws. Health care policy was a form of health development plan based on law principles which fulfill human rights of health, in terms of its functional relationship among doctors, patients, and hospitals, carried out by implementation of Pancasila, Leadership Trilogy of Ki Hajar Dewantara, Tri Dharma teachings of Mangkunegara I, KH. Ahmad Dahlan teachings, and teachings of Shiddiq, amanah, tabligh, fathonah, either by hospitals, doctors, and patients, on administrative, medical, or social services.Keywords: Capitalism, Health Legal Policy, Human Rights Dimension, Principles.
FORSAKING EQUALITY: EXAMINE INDONESIA’S STATE RESPONSIBILITY ON POLYGAMY TO THE MARRIAGE RIGHTS IN CEDAW
Authors: Nurhidayatuloh N , Febrian F , Romsan Achmad , Yahanan Annalisa , Sardi Martinus , Zuhro Fatimatuz
Published: December 2018

Human rights violation (HRV) occurs when a state including its organs commits HRV to individual within its jurisdiction. International Law has formulated a wide range of human rights law, especially the CEDAW which has been ratified through Law No. 7 of 1984. However, the law has not been applied properly. This article aims to examine HRV committed by a state which caused inability or unwilling to amend polygamy Law. Based on normative research, analysis to Article 2(f) of the Convention applies a viewpoint equality and state responsibility theories. Through this method, international conventions will be opposed to national provisions, Polygamy regulation. It is found that Indonesia through Polygamy regulation performs discrimination against woman’s rights. It can be stated that Marriage Law treats men and women unequal. It concludes that, as a state, Indonesia should responsible for HRV because the main problem of inequality is discrimination rooted from Polygamy regulation.Keywords: equality, human rights violation, non-discrimination, polygamy, state responsibility
The Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Corrosion Phenomena of a Welded Stainless-Steel Pipe Under Salt Vapor Conditions
Authors: Yingsamphancharoen Trinet , Siripaiboon Chootrakul , Rodchanarowan Aphichart
Published: December 2018

This work studied the corrosion of welded pipes and how welding destroyed surface film of pipes. Surface reaction of a welded pipe is key to understanding phenomena and important factors during the corrosion. This paper presents experiment and CFD modeling approaches of a welded pipe corrosion under salt vapor condition. The pipes were welded at currents of 60 A,70 A and 80 A to observe the effect of welding current on corrosion. A welded pipe is a stainless-steel ASTM A312 grade 304L and period of experiment about 0-600 hours that they are tested in vertical and horizontal alignments. In CFD software, there is not direct model of corrosion but it can use surface reaction and create add-on species and chemical reaction technique for imitating the corrosion mechanism. The modeling approaches of corrosion have presented in 3-dimensional transient times in CFD simulation. Surface reactions were performed by Species Model which involve site species. Site species in Species Model took place at gas-solid interfaces and in this case are salt vapor and surface pipe. Chemical reaction rate on the surface controls lost weight of a welded pipe and the model can be validated with experiment. In conclusion, in period 0-600 hours error between CFD modeling and experiment have error trend decreased. The error at 600 hours is 6% both of vertical pipe and horizontal pipe test. The modeling approaches closely with the performed experiment and can be accepted. Moreover,

the model is able to predict corrosion of a welded pipe of different sizes and their lost weight after 600 hours without experiment. Also the model can predict lifetime of pipe.
Estimasi Komponen Variansi pada Rancangan Faktorial Acak Lengkap Menggunakan Metode Generalized Least Squares
Authors: Angriany A. Muthiah Nur , Tinungki Georgina Maria , Raupong Raupong
Published: December 2018

AbstractsExperiment design is a test or a row of test by using both statistical description and inference statistical. The aim of this test is to change an input to become an output as a respond of the experiment. In the experiment design, variance of factor A, B , AB error of variance are called as variant component. The aim of this study is to estimate variance component on complete random factorial design for fixed model and mixed model by using Generalized Least Squares (GLS)method, where GLS method as a development of Ordinary Least Square method. It used to be applied on data of complete random factorial design, namely like the influence to density pelleting food which is caused by increasing adhesive material and longtime in storage. The results  show that there is no influence of increasing adhesive material to the density of pelleting food. In addition, there exist of diversity of longtime of storage and there exists a diversity  interaction between adding adhesive material and long of time of storage to the density of pelleting food Keywords: Generalized Least Squares, variance component, complete random factorial design AbstrakPerancangan percobaan adalah suatu uji atau sederet uji baik itu menggunakan statistika deskripsi maupun statistika inferensi, yang bertujuan untuk mengubah peubah input menjadi suatu output yang merupakan respon dari percobaan tersebut. Dalam perancangan percobaan,  variansi dari faktor A, variansi dari faktor B, variansi interaksi faktor AB, dan variansi galat disebut dengan komponen varian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi komponen variansi pada rancangan faktorial acak lengkap model tetap dan model campuran  menggunakan metode Generalized Least Squares (GLS), dimana metode GLS adalah pengembangan dari metode Ordinary Least Square yang biasa  digunakan untuk mengatasi asumsi homogenitas yang biasa dilanggar dalam perancangan percobaan. Metode tersebut  diterapkan pada data rancangan faktorial acak lengkap yaitu pengaruh berat jenis pakan pellet dengan kombinasi perlakuan penambahan bahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh penambahan bahan perekat terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Selain itu, terdapat keragaman faktor lama penyimpan dan terdapat keragaman interaksi  antara faktor penambahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Kata kunci: Generalized Least Squares, komponen variansi, rancangan faktorial acak lengkap
Some Properties of Fundamental Linear Canonical Zak Transform
Authors: Asriadi Asriadi , Nurwahyu Budi , Bahri Mawardi
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce some fundamentally properties of Zak linear canonical transform (LCZT) such as linearity and translation properties. LCZT is developing of Zak transform ( ZT) and linear canonical transform (LCT). Keywords:    linear canonical Zak transform; Zak transform; linear canonical transform; linearity property; translation property.  AbstrakDalam jurnal ini akan diungkapkan beberapa sifat fundamental dari transformasi Zak linear kanonik (LCZT), yaitu sifat linear dan sifat translasi. LCZT merupakan hasil pengembangan dari dua buah transformasi yaitu transformasi Zak (ZT) dan transformasi linear kanonik (LCT). Kata kunci:Transformasi Zak linear kanonik; transformasi Zak; transformasi linear kanonik; sifat linear; sifattranslasi.
Economic Vulnerability Among US Female Health Care Workers: Potential Impact of a $15-per-Hour Minimum Wage
Authors: Himmelstein Kathryn E. W. , Venkataramani Atheendar S.
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To investigate racial/ethnic and gender inequities in the compensation and benefits of US health care workers and assess the potential impact of a $15-per-hour minimum wage on their economic well-being.

Methods. Using the 2017 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey, we compared earnings, insurance coverage, public benefits usage, and occupational distribution of male and female health care workers of different races/ethnicities. We modeled the impact of raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour with different scenarios for labor demand.

Results. Of female health care workers, 34.9% of earned less than $15 per hour. Nearly half of Black and Latina female health care workers earned less than $15 per hour, and more than 10% lacked health insurance. A total of 1.7 million female health care workers and their children lived in poverty. Raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour would reduce poverty rates among female health care workers by 27.1% to 50.3%.

Conclusions. Many US female health care workers, particularly women of color, suffer economic privation and lack health insurance. Achieving economic, gender, and racial/ethnic justice will require significant changes to the compensation structure of health care.
Police-Related Correlates of Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Footer Katherine H. A. , Park Ju Nyeong , Allen Sean T. , Decker Michele R. , Silberzahn Bradley E. , Huettner Steve , Galai Noya , Sherman Susan G.
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To characterize interactions that female sex workers (FSWs) have with the police and explore associations with client-perpetrated violence.

Methods. Baseline data were collected April 2016 to January 2017 from 250 FSWs from the Sex Workers and Police Promoting Health in Risky Environments (SAPPHIRE) study based in Baltimore, Maryland. Interviewer-administered questionnaires captured different patrol or enforcement and abusive police encounters, experiences of client-perpetrated violence, and other risk factors, including drug use. We conducted bivariate and multivariable analysis in Stata/SE version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX).

Results. Of participants, 78% reported lifetime abusive police encounters, 41% reported daily or weekly encounters of any type. In the previous 3 months, 22% experienced client-perpetrated violence. Heroin users (70% of participants) reported more abusive encounters (2.5 vs 1.6; P < .001) and more client-perpetrated violence (26% vs 12%; P = .02) than others. In multivariable analysis, each additional type of abusive interaction was associated with 1.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.5) increased odds of client-perpetrated violence. For patrol or enforcement encounters, this value was 1.3 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.7).

Conclusions. Frequent exposures to abusive police practices appear to contribute to an environment where client-perpetrated violence is regularly experienced. For FSWs who inject drugs, police exposure and client-perpetrated violence appear amplified.

Public Health Implications. Structural interventions that address police–FSW interactions will help alleviate police’s negative impact on FSWs’ work environment.
Collecting Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Information at Death
Authors: Haas Ann P. , Lane Andrew D. , Blosnich John R. , Butcher Barbara A. , Mortali Maggie G.
Published: December 2018

Currently, no US jurisdiction or agency routinely or systematically collects information about individuals’ sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) at the time of death. As a result, little is known about causes of death in people having a minority sexual orientation or gender identity. These knowledge gaps have long impeded identification of mortality disparities in sexual and gender minority populations and hampered the development of targeted public health interventions and prevention strategies.

We offer observations about the possibilities and challenges of collecting and reporting accurate postmortem SOGI information on the basis of our past four years of working with death investigators, coroners, and medical examiners. This work was located primarily in New York, New York, and has extended from January 2015 to the present.

Drawing on our experiences, we make recommendations for future efforts to include SOGI among the standard demographic variables used to characterize individuals at death.
Opioid-Related Outcomes in West Virginia, 2008–2016
Authors: Warfield Sara , Pollini Robin , Stokes Cara M. , Bossarte Rob
Published: December 2018

Objectives. To examine opioid-related outcomes by using hospitalization and mortality data as an indicator of the current opioid crisis in West Virginia.

Methods. We used data from the West Virginia University Medicine health care system to examine the trend in opioid overdoses and percentage of patients with a repeat overdose from 2008 to 2016. We obtained the opioid overdose death rate for the state from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) mortality data for 2008 to 2016.

Results. The hospitalization rate for opioid overdoses increased (13%) on average each year in a similar fashion to the opioid overdose death rate for the state (12%) between 2008 and 2016. During the same time, the percentage of patients with a repeat opioid overdose increased annually by 13% on average.

Conclusions. There continues to be a surge of opioid overdoses in West Virginia. These findings suggest a need to amplify comprehensive prevention and treatment efforts throughout the state. Public health initiatives to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with overdoses should consider how the changes in potency may be influencing these outcomes.
About TESOL in Context
Authors: Minett Carly
Published: December 2018

ACTA statementThe aims of the journalGuidelinesCopyrightEditorsJournal CoordinatorEditorial Board
Soil Organic Carbon, Aggregation, and Microbial Community Structure in Annual and Perennial Biofuel Crops
Authors: McGowan Andrew R. , Nicoloso Rodrigo S. , Diop Habib E. , Roozeboom Kraig L. , Rice Charles W.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Removal of corn and sorghum residues did not affect soil carbon under no‐tillage.

Soil carbon (0–15 cm) increased in 10‐yr stands of switchgrass and miscanthus.

Soil carbon increased with root biomass, fungi abundance, and soil aggregate size.

Perennial crops improved soil health while providing feedstock for biofuels.

The substitution of cellulosic biofuel in place of conventional fuels could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. However, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil health during biofuel crop production could have a major impact on the GHG balance of biofuels. We assessed temporal changes (10 yr) in SOC stocks to a 90 cm depth in Cumulic Hapludolls from central Kansas under perennial and annual cropping systems. The perennial crops were miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The annual cropping systems were continuous corn (Zea mays L.), and corn, dual purpose–grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), sweet sorghum, and photoperiod‐sensitive sorghum (PS) in rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. All standing aboveground biomass was removed at harvest of corn, sorghum, and perennial crops. Stocks of SOC increased in the 0–15 cm depth under switchgrass and miscanthus by 0.8 and 1.3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The SOC stocks did not change at the other depths or at any depth in the annual cropping systems nor throughout the soil profile under any crops. Root biomass measured in the seventh year of the study was 3.7 to 7.8 times greater in perennials than in annual crops. Increases on SOC were correlated with greater root biomass, abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizae and saprophytic fungi, and soil aggregate diameter. These results demonstrate the potential for perennial biofuel crops to enhance C sequestration and improve soil quality while providing feedstock for production of cellulosic biofuel.
Agronomic Practices for Reducing Wheat Yield Gaps: A Quantitative Appraisal of Progressive Producers
Authors: Lollato Romulo P. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , DeWolf Erick , Knapp Mary , Peterson Dallas E. , Fritz Allan K.
Published: December 2018

There is limited information on agronomic practices affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in intensively managed dryland systems despite the opportunity to narrow the existing yield gap (YG). We used a unique database of 100 intensively managed field‐years entered in the Kansas Wheat Yield Contest during the 2010 to 2017 harvest seasons to (i) quantify the YG, (ii) describe wheat management, and (iii) identify management opportunities and weather patterns associated with yield. We simulated wheat water‐limited yield (Yw) using Simple Simulation Modeling–Wheat (SSM‐Wheat) model for each field‐year to estimate YG as the difference between Yw and actual yield (Ya) and used 11 statistical approaches to test the association of management practices and weather variables with Ya. Wheat Ya averaged 5.5 Mg ha−1, and simulated Yw averaged 6.4 Mg ha−1, resulting in a YG of 0.9 Mg ha−1 (15% of Yw). High‐yielding fields had lower maximum and minimum temperatures and greater cumulative solar radiation and precipitation during grain fill. Varieties susceptible to fungal diseases responded to foliar fungicide (0.8–1.4 Mg ha−1), whereas resistant varieties did not. Seeding rate was negatively associated with Ya, as yield quantile 0.99 was 7.5 Mg ha−1 and decreased by 2.7 Mg ha−1 for every 100‐seed m−2 increase in seeding rate above 305 seeds m−2. In‐furrow P fertilizer, previous crop, tillage practice, and N timing were also associated with Ya. We conclude that fields entered in yield contests have closed the exploitable YG, and there are opportunities to improve Ya through improved management in regions with stagnant wheat yield.
Time‐Dependent Bias in Instantaneous Ceptometry Caused by Row Orientation
Authors: Salter William T. , Gilbert Matthew E. , Buckley Thomas N.
Published: December 2018

Ceptometry (the measurement of average photosynthetically active radiation under a plant canopy using many individual light sensors connected in parallel on a long bar) is commonly used to infer canopy light interception as well as leaf area index. Typically, the user places a ceptometer below the canopy and records a measurement, which is compared with a concurrent above‐canopy measurement to produce a value of transmittance and then corrected for the effects of solar zenith and solar beam fraction. In row crops, canopy architecture is often systematically clumped in ways that may bias inferences based on ceptometer measurements. The role of spatial sampling in bias due to clumping has been extensively studied in the literature, but time‐dependent bias has not. We assessed this bias using 68 handmade continuously recording ceptometers in 239 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in Australia and made confirmatory measurements in California. We found that canopy properties inferred from instantaneous ceptometry varied widely, both randomly and systematically in time, when compared with properties inferred from continuous measurements. However, these biases tended to be somewhat similar across genotypes on a given day, arising from the interaction of solar zenith and non‐random features of the canopy distribution caused by row planting. We recommend that continuous ceptometry be used in conjunction with instantaneous ceptometry to correct for these biases, and we provide schematics for low‐cost handmade ceptometers.
The Intensively Managed Landscape Critical Zone Observatory: A Scientific Testbed for Understanding Critical Zone Processes in Agroecosystems
Authors: Wilson Christopher G. , Abban Benjamin , Keefer Laura L. , Wacha Kenneth , Dermisis Dimitrios , Giannopoulos Christos , Zhou Shengnan , Goodwell Allison E. , Woo Dong Kook , Yan Qina , Ghadiri Maryam , Stumpf Andrew , Pitcel Michelle , Lin Yu-Feng , Marini Luigi , Storsved Brynne , Goff Kathleen , Vogelgsang Jason , Dere Ashlee , Schilling Keith E. , Muste Marian , Blair Neal E. , Rhoads Bruce , Bettis Art , Pai Henry , Kratt Chris , Sladek Chris , Wing Michael , Selker John , Tyler Scott , Lin Henry , Kumar Praveen , Papanicolaou A.N.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

IML‐CZO is structured to study system responses through event‐based monitoring.

Management legacy has shaped critical zone processes.

Management and weather affect landscape heterogeneity and surface–subsurface pathways.

In intensively managed landscapes, interactions between surface (tillage) and subsurface (tile drainage) management with prevailing climate/weather alter landscape characteristics, transport pathways, and transformation rates of surface/subsurface water, soil/sediment, and particulate/dissolved nutrients. To capture the high spatial and temporal variability of constituent transport and residence times in the critical zone (between the bedrock and canopy) of these altered landscapes, both storm event and continuous measurements are needed. The Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory (IML‐CZO) is comprised of three highly characterized, well instrumented, and representative watersheds (i.e., Clear Creek, Iowa; Upper Sangamon River, Illinois; and Minnesota River, Minnesota). It is organized to quantify the heterogeneity in structure and dynamic response of critical zone processes to human activities in the context of the glacial and management (anthropogenic) legacies. Observations of water, sediment, and nutrients are made at nested points of the landscape in the vertical and lateral directions during and between storm events (i.e., continuously). The measurements and corresponding observational strategy are organized as follows. First, reference measurements from surface soil and deep core extractions, geophysical surveys, lidar, and hyperspectral data, which are common across all Critical Zone Observatories, are available. The reference measurements include continuous quantification of energy, water, solutes, and sediment fluxes. The reference measurements are complemented with event‐based measurements unique to IML‐CZO. These measurements include water table fluctuations, enrichment ratios, and roughness as well as bank erosion, hysteresis, sediment sources, and lake/floodplain sedimentation. The coupling of reference and event‐based measurements support testing of the central hypothesis (i.e., system shifts from transformer to transporter in IML‐CZO due to the interplay between management and weather/climate). Data collected since 2014 are available through a data repository and through the Geodashboard interface, which can be used for process‐based model simulations.
Advancing Soil Physics for Securing Food, Water, Soil and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Shang Jianying , Zhu Qing , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Contributions are mainly from the 2017 International Soil Physics Workshop in China.

Soils are fundamental in supplying food, energy, water (FEW), and ecosystem services.

Interdisciplinary (convergence) approaches are needed to address FEW challenges.

Soils are foundational to sustaining the food, energy, and water (FEW) systems and provide many essential ecosystem services. Soil degradation is a major threat to food security in China and elsewhere in the world. It is critical to advance soil science to improve the FEW systems so that FEW supplies can be provided to human populations in a sustainable and resilient manner. To do so, we must understand interactions among soil physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as the role, function, and contribution of soil physical processes to delivering FEW supplies and ecosystem services. Soil processes and crop production are strongly controlled by physical processes such as soil water flow, aggregate stability, compaction, heat regime, irrigation and drainage, soil aeration, etc. Recognizing the importance of soil physics to the nexus of FEW systems, the collection in this special section mainly includes research presented at the International Workshop of Soil Physics and the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water held on 3–5 Aug. 2017 at Shenyang, China. This special section covers diverse topics including fundamental soil physical properties and water flow, land use and agricultural management, soil organic carbon management, soil physical modeling, and transport of emerging contaminants. More future research using interdisciplinary (nexus or convergence) approaches should be undertaken to address challenges in many contemporary and emerging FEW issues.
Ética e Moral: Há Diferença entre a Teoria e a Prática?
Authors: Trigueiro Emilia Suitberta de Oliveira
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo busca identificar qual é o entendimento que os servidores (docentes e técnico-administrativos) de uma instituição pública de ensino têm sobre o conceito de ética e como se dá o comportamento moral dos mesmos no exercício da profissão. Para isso utilizou-se o Teste de Associação de Palavras e o Instrumento para Avaliar Comportamentos Morais nas Organizações. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio eletrônico com 44 servidores. Os principais resultados encontrados dizem respeito à discrepância entre a teoria e a prática desses servidores, pois eles, individualmente, manifestaram noções do que seria ética, no entanto, a organização como um todo, foi classificada em um nível de desenvolvimento organizacional pré-moral.
Análise da Implantação do Plano de Gerenciamento dos Resíduos Sólidos da Construção Civil (PGRCC) do Conjunto Habitacional Cidade Jardim
Authors: Nóbrega Damasceno Kalline , Marques Rocha Adriana
Published: December 2018

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de implementação do plano de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos da construção civil (PGRCC) durante a fase de edificação do conjunto habitacional Cidade Jardim em Fortaleza durante o ano de 2014. Em 2016 foi realizada a atualização dos dados sobre o empreendimento e constatou-se a situação atual do plano na obra. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, a pesquisa consistiu em realizar um estudo de caso na obra citada, cuja metodologia buscou desenvolver o PGRCC na obra e ao final da implantação foi aplicado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado para a coleta dos dados com os funcionários da obra. Assim, com base no trabalho realizado, constatou-se que o gerenciamento dos resíduos da construção civil gera impactos positivos na empresa, mesmo com as dificuldades culturais encontradas em sua implantação. A utilização da ferramenta melhorou o ambiente de trabalho, por proporcionar um canteiro visivelmente mais organizado, diminuir custos e ampliar a visão de todos os profissionais envolvidos quanto aos benefícios decorrentes dessa ferramenta.
New workplace forecasting in the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy
Authors: Kozhemiakina Svitlana , Cherkasov Andrii , Reznik Nadiia , Yazlyuk Borys , Zhuravka Olena , Mazurov Sergij
Published: December 2018

Creating new workplaces and modernizing the existing ones to provide appropriate and highly-efficient employment of able-bodied citizens is one of the most acute economic and social issues at the current stage of development in Ukraine.The article deals with the problems of creating new workplaces in the Ukrainian industrial sector, considers the main tendencies and suggests approaches to partially solve problems coming from the development of the workplace creation factors in order to increase workplace efficiency and its technological capacity.The model of the number of new workplaces dependence on the impact factors system (labor, capital, research and technology developments, management quality) was developed using 19 one-factor and multi-factor equations, among which six most relevant were selected for industry as a whole and five for the processing industry.The calculations, according to the proposed model, have shown a tendency of increasing the number of new workplaces both in industry in general and in the processing industry in particular. However, there are decreasing tendencies of the growth rate. This can be explained by the fact of the labor productivity increasing, as well as decreasing tendency in the need for new workplaces in order to restore the pre-crisis rate of production.
PERFIL DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR DE MORADORES DE QUADRAS CENTRAIS DE PALMAS – TO
Authors: Menezes Marcela Silva , Pereira Ruth Bernardes de Lima , Cerqueira Danyela Martins , Leal Davyd Christian de Menezes Ferreira
Published: December 2018

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são hoje a principal causa de morte no mundo. Com base na alta prevalência da mortalidade destas comorbidades e também das doenças cardiovasculares, além da carência por uma assistência que priorize a prevenção e promoção em saúde, objetivou-se com este estudo conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de risco cardiovascular utilizando o Escore de Framingham dos moradores assistidos por uma Equipe de Saúde da Família no munícipio de Palmas – TO. Optou-se por um estudo epidemiológico, transversal e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado no munícipio de Palmas-Tocantins no período de novembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017. A amostra se deu por usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde e moradores do território de abrangência de uma Equipe de Estratégia Saúde da Família localizada na região central de Palmas – TO. Participaram da pesquisa 98 usuários, a média de risco absoluto foi de 6%, risco considerado baixo conforme o Escore de Framingham. Cerca de 70% dos usuários estavam acima do peso. Nos usuários que foram classificados com risco cardiovascular baixo, 65% apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade. O perfil de risco cardiovascular da população estudada apresentou-se satisfatório pelo Escore de Framingham, entretanto evidenciou-se a presença de outros fatores de risco associados que ao longo do tempo podem levar os mesmo ao adoecimento. Destaca-se a importância do cuidado integral aos indivíduos com risco absoluto baixo pelo Escore de Framingham considerando outros fatores de risco que também influenciam no surgimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e doenças cardiovasculares.
LEVANTAMENTO DE NOTÍCIAS PUBLICADAS NA INTERNET SOBRE ROUBO DE CARGA DE MEDICAMENTOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Pedrotti Suelen Franco , Maszlock Virgínia Petrini , Amador Tânia Alves
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é coletar dados de notícias na Internet sobre roubo de carga de medicamentos no Brasil nos anos de 2014, 2015, 2016. Uma pesquisa transversal, documental e retrospectiva foi realizada no segundo semestre de 2016, utilizando a ferramenta de busca Google® e com filtros determinados pelos autores. Foram recuperadas 3320 notícias, das quais 288 foram analisadas e 76 incluídas no estudo. A pesquisa demonstrou a importância da implantação de ações, por todos os setores envolvidos na cadeia produtiva e na comercialização. Estas ações podem diminuir os roubos, além de alertar sobre a necessidade de discutir o tema entre estudantes de Farmácia e profissionais farmacêuticos.
Palavras chave: Roubo. Fraude. Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes. Internet.
PERFIL DA AMAMENTAÇÃO EM LACTANTES ATENDIDAS NA REDE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE JI-PARANÁ – RO
Authors: Lisboa Isabele Ferreira , Vaz Jaqueliny Dos Reis , Carniel Francieli
Published: December 2018

Este é um estudo transversal, exploratório e com abordagem quantitativa, com objetivo de traçar o perfil da amamentação em lactantes atendidas na rede básica de saúde de Ji-Paraná – RO. A amostra foi composta por 100 lactantes que frequentaram as unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário composto e adaptado de Nogueira (2009), aplicado no período de julho a agosto de 2016. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as lactantes tinham entre 20 e 30 anos, 90% viviam com seu companheiro, 38% possuem ensino médio completo e apenas 7% possuem ensino superior completo, 61% sem vínculo empregatício, 54% era a primeira gestação, 52% possuíam dificuldades para amamentar, 95% acreditavam que o aleitamento materno exclusivo e o colostro são importantes, e 100% realizaram o pré-natal na última gestação e em relação a quem forneceu informações sobre amamentação para as lactantes a predominância foi de enfermeiros (70%). Conclui-se que as mães possuem conhecimento sobre amamentação, mesmo a sua maioria sendo jovens e na primeira gestação e apresentando algumas dificuldades, elas sempre estão dispostas a dar o seu melhor para o seu filho.
A roller bearing fault diagnosis method using interval support vector deterministic optimization based on nested PSO
Authors: Dai Qinge , Chen Yongqi , Chen Yang
Published: December 2018

An interval support vector deterministic optimization model (ISVD) is proposed for the fault classification problem of uncertainty samples in this paper. Firstly, based on the order relation theory, support vector machines using interval samples is transformed into ISVD, which is a two-objective optimization problem, with the midpoint and the radius optimized at the same time. Then, ISVD is converted into a single objective optimization model by the linear combination. The single objective optimization model includes Lagrange multiplier vector and interval sample vectors, both of which are nested. Thus, the nested particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on dynamic decreasing inertia weight is applied to select the optimal Lagrange multiplier vector of this model. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the data set of University of California Irvine (UCI) and the roller bearing fault experiments. The experimental results show: ISVD owns outstanding generalization ability with the help of the structured risk minimization and global optimization. The accuracy of the proposed ISVD is better than that of the native Bayes uncertain classification method 1 (NBU1), native Bayes uncertain classification method 2 (NBU2) and the formula-based Bayes classifier (FBC).