bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in bone tissue in men
Authors: Musiienko A.S. , Zaverukha N.V.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to establish age-related changes of male bone tissue. Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the Department of Clinical Physiology and Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System of the State Institution “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology by the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. It involved 342 healthy men aged 20 to 89 years without osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures or any pathology with a confirmed impact on bone tissue, as well as any somatic pathology in the sub- and decompensation. The following methods of examination were used: questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, clinical and instrumental examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine “Prodigy, GEНС Lunar” at the level of the entire skeleton, lumbar spine (L1-L4), proximal femur and femoral neck, distal and ultra-distal forearm bones. Results. We have detected a significant 14.8 % decrease of BMD at the level of femoral neck in the group of men aged 60–69 years, by 20 % in the group of men aged 70–79 years, and by 24.1% in the group of men aged 80–89 years compared to the men aged 20–29 years; at the same time, at the lumbar spine there was registered a decrease of this parameter by 1.6 % in men aged 60–69 years, by 1.9 % in men of 70–79 years and by 0.8 % in men of 80–89 years, respectively. Among the examined practically healthy men, the bone tissue remained at the normal level relative to age in 67.8%; osteopenia was detected in 27.8 %, and osteoporosis in 4.4%. Conclusions. An age-associated BMD reduction was registered at various skeletal sites in the practically healthy men without any clinically significant factors affecting bone tissue metabolism. The most pronounced BMD loss was observed at the level of femoral neck. At the same time, 4.4 % of examined had osteoporosis without any clinical signs.
Inisiasi Taman D’terong sebagai Bentuk Resiliensi Komunitas Desa Panggungharjo
Authors: Irwanto Roichan Rochmadi , Rokmawati Tuti , Siwi Ratu Hanifa Pradnya
Published: July 2021

Pembuatan Taman D’Terong dicetuskan sebagai gagasan dari masyarakat untuk kebermanfaatan bersama. Tulisan ini memperlihatkan bentuk kepedulian sosial masyarakat melalui gerakan ini sebagai resiliensi komunitas desa terhadap COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara, observasi dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep resiliensi komunitas terhadap bencana memiliki efek percepatan pemulihan yang baik. Dengan kerangka kerja konsep melalui pendekatan berbasis modal terbukti bahwa modal di dalamnya telah memperkuat resiliensi tersebut. Dimulai dengan inisiasi sepuluh warga yang terdampak di tengah pandemi, kemudian mengajak warga untuk berswasembada tani. Kemudian hasil panen dijual kepada warga dengan harga murah, di mana mampu meringankan beban belanja kebutuhan dan menyumbang pemasukan kas desa untuk disalurkan ke warga membutuhkan, serta pemutaran anggaran pengelolaan usaha tani. 

Kata Kunci : Taman D’Terong, Resiliensi, Modal, COVID-19

 

Taman D’Terong was initiated by the community for mutual benefit. This paper shows a form of community social concern as the resilience of the village community against the COVID-19. This study used descriptive qualitative methods in which the data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature review. It revealed the concept of community resilience to disasters had a good effect on recovery acceleration. Using the conceptual framework through a capital-based approach, it is evident that capital has strengthened this resilience. It was started with the initiation of ten people who were impacted amid a pandemic, they invited others to be self-supporting in farming. Then the harvest was sold to residents at low prices so that it could lighten the burden of the basic needs and contribute to village cash income to be distributed to the community in need, as well as the supporting budget management of the agricultural business.

Keywords: Taman D’Terong, Resilience, Capital, COVID-19
The Measure of the Archive: The Ro­bustness of Network Analysis in Early Modern Correspondence
Authors: Ryan Yann C. , Ahnert Sebastian E.
Published: July 2021

Network analysis of historical correspondence can be a fruitful way to address historical research questions, and has been increasingly used in historical studies over the past decade. As with many areas of quantitative humanities research, the reliability of the results are often called into question, given that such approaches require ’hard data’ as input, yet almost inevitably use datasets with partial or missing records. Other disciplines using network analysis have conducted robustness experiments designed to test the impact of data loss or error on their results. In order to test how this missing data might affect our own area of research, we conducted a number of experiments designed to simulate the impact of the kinds of loss often seen in historical correspondence data, including random document loss, missing years, and errors in the disambiguation and de-duplication process. The results show that most network centrality measures maintain robustness until a very large proportion of the data (60% or more) is removed. Some measures showed a linear change in robustness, while others remained high and then fell off sharply. Only one, transitivity (local clustering coefficient) was significantly impacted throughout. We tested a range of data loss scenarios (random single letters, folio books of manuscript letters, catalogues, and entire years) and a range of commonly used network metrics. In addition, we tested the robustness of more complex network analysis results in the literature that combine several network metrics to highlight individuals in the network, and found that the same types of individuals would have likely been highlighted even with 50% random letter loss. Alongside the article is a web application, built using Shiny, which will calculate robustness measures for a user-uploaded network dataset. We conclude that researchers working with similar historical correspondence datasets might be able to consider network analysis results to be robust in most cases, rather than work on the assumption that missing data would lead to very different findings or results.
Au Pair Scheme: Cultural Exchange or a Pathway to Slavery?
Authors: Davis TIna
Published: July 2021

There has been a change in the use of the au pair scheme in the past fifteen years that has created a shift from its original intention as a cultural exchange program. Socio- economic change in societies in the South and East has led to a new wave of female migrants seeking legal work opportunities in European countries, and change in the North has led to an increase in demand for domestic workers. The au pair program has become a means to cover these needs. Yet the use of the au pair institution as a temporary domestic work system creates challenges that not only contradict its intention, but also fail to offer labor rights and protection to the migrant women who enter the program to earn money. This article examines the au pair system in Norway, a country known for social and gender equality and a strongly developed welfare system based on social democratic ideals of solidarity. The article focuses in particular on how the au pair scheme is being misused as a temporary domestic work system by both the host families and the au pairs, and the exploitation and human trafficking cases that have emerged as a consequence in recent years.
Economic aspects of landfill leachate treatment using reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Pervov Alexey G. , Shirkova Tatiana N. , Spitsov Dmitriy V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Landfill leachates contain highly concentrated organic products of waste degradation and mineral salts. Concentrations of organic matter demonstrate high COD values up to 5,000 mg/l, concentrations of ammonium ions reach 2,500 mg/l, while the total salt content may reach 15,000 mg/l. Two to three reverse osmosis treatment stages may be nee­ded to produce the water that meets effective regulations governing the composition of water discharged into the environment. Also, high salt content and COD values dramatically reduce the membrane capacity. The co-authors explored the use of nanofiltration membranes at the first stage of the leachate treatment in an effort to reduce membrane operation costs.

Materials and methods. The experiments, conducted within the framework of this research undertaking, allowed to identify a change in the concentrations of contaminants, dissolved in the leachates of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, as well as the reduced capacity of membranes at each stage of treatment. The co-authors have studied the alternative methods that may ensure maximal reduction of the concentrate consumption in the process of leachate treatment. Principal dependencies, derived as a result of the research, enabled the co-authors to identify the concentrate consumption rates depending on the extent of treatment focused on ammonium ions. The co-authors describe the methodology employed to identify the area of membranes at each treatment stage depending on the leachate composition.

Results. Calculations of operating costs are provided for three compositions of leachates, typical for the Moscow region, depending on the treatment methodology and further recovery of membrane concentrates.

Conclusions. Nanofiltration membranes can be used at the first stage of the landfill leachate treatment in the case of high COD and salt content. The application of nanofiltration membranes allows to reduce the concentrate consumption rate and cut operating costs. A new technology is developed to split the concentrate into two flows: the flow that has a high organic matter content, and the flow that has a high content of mineral salts, sodium and ammonium chlorides in order to facilitate the recovery of the concentrate.
A theoretical and experimental study of transient characteristics of the heat exchange in a thermal control system
Authors: Mansurov Rustam Sh. , Voskoboinikov Yuri E. , Boeva Vasilisa A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The “Heater-Blower-Room” thermal control system represents three different interconnected subsystems. It is necessary to study the transient characteristics of the heat exchange process, that is underway in the subsystems, including informative impulse responses, to stabilize the system operation. It is a non-parametric problem, and its solution requires identification algorithms. Materials and methods. Mathematical models of the subsystems represent the Volterra integral equation of the first kind with an undetermined difference kernel, or an impulse response. An impulse response evaluation is a solution to this equation in respect of registered noisy input and output values. The problem is to evaluate unknown impulse responses for the subsystems where the output of one subsystem is the input of another one. This problem is ill-posed, and features of identification-focused experiments do not allow to apply computational methods of classical regularization algorithms. The co-authors propose two specific non-parametric identification algorithms where impulse responses are evaluated using stable first derivatives by means of smoothing cubic splines through the optimal smoothing parameter selection on the basis of the statistical optimality criterion. Results. The co-authors solve inverse problems of impulse response identification and direct problems of heat flux reaction prediction. The research results demonstrate a high level of convergence between the evaluated data and observation findings. Both experimental and theoretical results represent the findings of the research performed by the co-authors. Conclusions. The results have proven the efficiency of the algorithms proposed for the identification of solutions to the problems of complex technical systems.
The quality assessment of reusable project documentation
Authors: Aliulova Vladislava A. , Petrochenko Marina V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. A library of reusable information models of capital construction facilities (CCF), having different functional profiles, is to be established within the framework of the future institute of standardized design. The quality of these models determines the quality of the project documentation, which influences the quality of construction facilities. When the focus is placed on standardized design, the introduction of an assessment system turns all the more relevant, since the quality of one project will pre-determine the quality of numerous construction facilities built from one single design. Presently, the criteria, that determine the economically efficient reusability of the project documentation, are rather biased, and they need qualitative and quantitative assessment parameters. The purpose of this research is to develop a methodology for the comprehensive quality assessment of the project documentation and its approval as the documentation designated for economically efficient reuse. The attainment of this purpose requires the accomplishment of the following objectives: transformation and formalization of the requirements applicable to the assessment of the economic efficiency of the project documentation; identification of the relationship between the quality and economic efficiency of the project documentation; issuance of draft quality assessment criteria. Materials and methods. The quality of the project documentation is assessed with the help of an integrated quality indicator, based on a set of criteria and their weight coefficients. The expert evaluation method is used to identify the weight coefficients. Results. The case of a capital construction facility (a school building) was used to present the quality assessment criteria applicable to the project documentation. Three groups of quality indicators were considered. The expert evaluation method was applied to identify the weight coefficients for each criterion, and the quality assessment methodology was proposed. The methodology entails the calculation of a quality indicator, whose value serves as the basis for a decision to enter the project into the register of standardized projects. Conclusions. The co-authors have confirmed the need to transform and formalize the requirements applied to the assessment of the economic efficiency of the project documentation. They have proven that the multi-criterial project selection procedure will make the process of the project documentation quality assessment multilateral and less biased.
A Review of Clinical Studies of Chinese Medicine Treatment of Polycystic Kidney Disease Using the CNKI Database
Authors: Ju Ah-ra , Park Mi-so , Choi Yo-sup , Choo Won-jung , Baek Hye-kyung , Park Mu-jin
Published: July 2021

Objective: This research reviews and investigates the trends in recent clinical studies of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in China. Method: We searched for clinical studies discussing Oriental medicine-based treatments for PKD in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Thirteen clinical articles published from 2001 to 2019 were analyzed. The search focused on the authors, publication year, type of study, purposes of study, method and duration of treatment, evaluation criteria, and results of the selected articles. Results: Of the articles from the database, 9 case series and 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed. Ten articles used herbal medicine; 4 used herbal medicine for external use. Gamigyejibokryeong-hwan was the most common herbal prescription. The most frequently used herb was Polia Sclerotium (茯苓), and Cnidii Rhizoma (川芎) was employed in all the external uses. All 13 studies confirmed the efficacy of Oriental medicine treatments. Conclusion:1. Scientifically designed and more varied clinical studies are required to develop treatments for PKD.
2. The current study could be used as basic data in future clinical studies on treatment and further studies of PKD.
3 Cases of Cancer Patients Whose Natural Killer Cell Activity Improved with Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment: A Case Series
Authors: Park Chan-ran , Kim Eun-ji , Son Chang-gue , Cho Jung-hyo , Lee Nam-hun
Published: July 2021

Objectives: High natural killer cell activity (NKA) is associated with a clinically favorable status in patients with cancer. This study explores whether traditional Korean medicine (TKM) improves NKA in patients with cancer.Methods: We report three clinical cases involving patients with cancer who underwent NKA tests while they received TKM treatment, including acupuncture, moxibustion, wild ginseng pharmacopuncture, and Korean herbal medicines. We analyzed the treatment process and NKA test results of each patient.Results: The NKA of all three patients presented with an increasing tendency during the treatment process. Patient 1, who had been diagnosed with breast cancer, received inpatient treatment 3 times between September 16, 2017 and February 27, 2019. The NKA increased from 7.2 pg/mL to 571.7 pg/mL. Patient 2, who had thyroid cancer, was hospitalized 4 times between July 23, 2019 and August 27, 2020. The NKA improved from 317.4 pg/mL to 2000 pg/mL. Patient 3, who had liver cancer, received inpatient treatment 4 times between May 27, 2016 and January 10, 2017. The NKA increased from 22.2 pg/mL to 459.5 pg/mL. The chief complaints of these patients also were alleviated.Conclusions: TKM may be an effective treatment for accelerating NKA. Further research is needed to establish evidence that TKM stimulates NKA.
A Brief Review on Floating Drug Delivery System
Authors: Arora Divya , Kumar Lalit , Joshi Ashish , Chaudhary Abhishek , Devi Pooja
Published: July 2021

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was most convenient and widely used drug delivery for systemic intervention, oral administration. The main purpose of developing the FDDS is to enhance therapeutic benefits such as ease of dosing administration, patient compliance, and formulation versatility. In pharmaceuticals industries we are approaches  to  design single-unit  and  multiple-unit  floating  systems,  and  classification  and  formulation  of FDDS aspects  are  covered  in detail.  This review summarizes the tablet, Floating Drug Delivery System, Type, Mechanism, and also the Advantages & Disadvantages. This sort of medication delivery method is beneficial because it has enough buoyancy to float above gastric contents and stay buoyant in the stomach for a long time.

Keywords:- FDDS, Floating Drug Delivery System, Therapeutic, Design, Buoyant, Gastric
A Review on Central Pontine Myelinolysis and Correction of Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Joy Anju , Abraham Bincy T. , Krishnakumar K.
Published: July 2021

Pontine myelinolysis (PM) can be a nerve disorder represented by pons demyelination. it is characterized by damage to regions of the brain, most commonly tracts pontine substantia alba, after rapid correction of metabolic disorders such as hyponatremia. PM (Pontine Myelinolysis) is categorized into Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extra pontine myelinolysis (EPM). The various studies revealed that quick correction of hyponatremia plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of ODS. Prevention of ODS must be conducted by gradually increasing sodium concentration of 4–6 mmol/Lin in any 24-h period. PubMed and Medline literature search was done using CPM and hyponatremia as keywords. The principal aim of this review is to encapsulate, the recent evidence from literature about the association between rapid correction of hyponatremia and central pontine myelinolysis.

Keywords: Demyelination syndrome, EPM, CPM, Serum tonicity, Hyponatremia, Demyelination
A Review on process validation of solid dosage form
Authors: Vaja Maulikkumar D , Patel Bhoomi D , Patel Krina A , Chaudhary Ankit B
Published: July 2021

Objective: The purpose of this work is to perform a study on concurrent validation of levonorgestrel tablet BP 0.03mg that will deliver process validation approach as a quality assurance means. The process validation program will be investigated so that the plan will be designed to the character of the procedure under study. This can be performed by checking and controlling the various critical in process parameters.

Method: The samples from the three consecutive batches of levonorgestrel tablet 0.03mg are collected at the different stages of the manufacturing from dispensing, mixing, granulation process, drying process, blending process, compression process. Each and every parameter are analyzed and tested as per the specifications and all the data are recorded. The obtained results must be within the specified limit range.

Result: The results obtained from the evaluation of different parameters like bulk density, tapped density, friability, hardness, weight variation, and assay were found to be within specification limit range.

Conclusion:  The conclusion of the concurrent process validation of levonorgestrel tablet BP 0.03mg is based on the result of the validation data of three consecutive batches. It is concluded that the manufacturing process used for levonorgestrel consistently producing the stable product meeting it is predetermined specification and quality attributes.

Keywords: Concurrent process validation, Process validation, Levonorgestrel, Critical process parameter.
O USO DO PAINEL COM INTERROGADORES COMO PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA NO ENSINO DA PARASITOLOGIA CLÍNICA
Authors: Silva Laís Sales Freire , Adami Yara Leite , Alencar Alba Cristina Miranda de Barros
Published: July 2021

Atualmente, tem-se buscado cada vez mais novas estratégias para aprimorar o aprendizado nas salas de aula e despertar o interesse do estudante. Com isso, vem aumentando o uso de ferramentas oriundas das metodologias ativas, ou seja, recursos que permitem trabalhar um determinado conteúdo de uma maneira mais participativa e efetiva, na qual o aluno deixa de ser passivo no processo de aprendizagem e se torna protagonista na construção do seu conhecimento. O painel com interrogadores é uma proposta de metodologia ativa, consistindo em trabalhar um determinado tema a partir da elaboração de perguntas e respostas que são construídas pelos próprios alunos. Logo, com o objetivo de estimular o estudo da Parasitologia Clínica e ajudar na internalização do conteúdo, essa estratégia de ensino foi realizada com alunos do sexto período do curso de Biomedicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense, localizada em Niterói – RJ, em maio de 2019. Os discentes enfrentaram poucas dificuldades durante a realização da atividade e tiveram opiniões positivas e satisfatórias em relação ao procedimento. O uso dessa metodologia resultou em um destaque dos estudantes na construção ativa e na consolidação do conhecimento, e fez com que muitos aumentassem o seu interesse pelo tema abordado e pela disciplina.
TUTOR EAD E O PROCESSO DE TUTORIA NA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA DO BRASIL: UMA RESENHA CRÍTICA
Authors: Chicó de Almeida Maria Isabel , Lima Mayara Lopes de Freitas
Published: July 2021

A presente resenha tem por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da obra “Tutor EAD e o processo de tutoria na Universidade Aberta do Brasil”, organizada por Otacílio Antunes Santana e Maria Auxiliadora Padilha, publicado em 2017 pela Blucher Open Access. Trata-se de um livro baseado nas vivências, memórias e narrativas de tutores da Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Na resenha aqui apresentada, foca-se nas quatro partes nas quais a obra é dividida, destacando as análises e reflexões mais importantes apresentadas pelos autores. Na primeira parte, apresenta-se como funciona o processo de tutoria à distância na Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Na segunda parte, o livro busca tratar das vivências, memórias e narrativas do sujeito tutor. Enquanto na terceira parte, o foco se dá nos reflexos da tutoria na educação básica. Por fim, a quarta parte se concentra na interface entre os capítulos. As inquietações e vivências suscitadas na práxis dos autores da obra levam a reflexões fundamentais do processo e contribuem no sentido de dar corpo à alma do Tutor, norteando um espaço de busca e reconhecimento.
PRÁTICAS EM EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E EDUCAÇÃO HISTÓRICA NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL BAIANO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIAS
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Souza , Oliveira Marcelo Souza
Published: July 2021

O texto tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiências sobre as atividades desenvolvidas junto a estudantes do Ensino Médio, quando da vivência com projetos de Iniciação Científica Júnior, no Núcleo de Estudos em História e Memória (NEHM Jr) e no Grupo de Estudos History Games, ambos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Catu. Os dois núcleos surgiram como ideias dos próprios estudantes em sua ânsia por realizar atividades de estudos de objetos/temas que lhes geravam interesse e/ou curiosidade e que fossem focados nos estudos históricos. Em um primeiro momento, foi publicizada uma reflexão sobre duas categorias de análise que me ajudaram a repensar as práticas vivenciadas nesses espaços educativos: Educação Científica e Educação Histórica. Por conseguinte, apresento a estrutura de funcionamento dos grupos de estudos enquanto núcleos que estimulavam e experienciavam a pesquisa em História entre os estudos do IF Baiano Campus Catu, no período de 2010 a 2017. Em seguida, realizo o relato da minhas experiências e registro minhas percepções daquele processo de ensino aprendizagem. Por fim, teço algumas considerações sobre a importância da Iniciação Científica enquanto prática de educação científica nas escolas, para inserção da cultura científica como alternativa de formação para esses indivíduos e sua atuação na sociedade.
The effects of pre-emptive intravenous ibuprofen on the thiol/disulfide homeostasis and C-reactive protein level as the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation during gynecologic laparoscopy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kahraman Ersin , Cevik Banu Eler , Saracoglu Kemal Tolga
Published: July 2021

Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant effects of intravenous ibuprofen by using the C-reactive
protein level and thiol/disulfide homeostasis as the oxidative stress
marker. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 70 patients
aged between 30and65 who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic
hysterectomy. The patients were divided into two groups to receive
either preemptive 800mg of intravenous ibuprofen plus 1000 mg of
intravenous paracetamol (Group IP) or only 1000 mg of intravenous
paracetamol as a control group (Group P).The blood samples for
thiol/disulfide homeostasis were collected as follows; before induction
of anesthesia (T0),before pneumoperitoneum (T1),following post-deflation
and discontinuation of anesthesia (T2) and postoperative 24th hour
(T3).Simultaneous blood samples for C-reactive protein were also
collected. The pre and postoperative urea, creatinine, alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were
measured. Results: A total of 69 patients were included in the study.
The patient’s characteristics and intraoperative variables were
comparable between groups (p>0.05). The number of patients
requiring rescue analgesia, the total amount of analgesic used, VAS
scores, and postoperative side effects were significantly lower in Group
IP (p<0.001).There decrease in native and total thiol levels
at T1, T2, T3 measurement points was significant in Group IP
(p<0.001). In both groups, the comparison to baseline values
demonstrated no significant changes in terms of disulfide level
(p>0.05).The simultaneous CRP levels indicated a
significant increase at the postoperative 24.hour in both groups
(p<0.001). The difference between groups was insignificant
(p>0.05). There was a significant increase in urea and
creatinine levels in patients of Group IP (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The pre-emptive administration of ibuprofen provided an
effective pain control after gynecologic laparoscopy. However, ibuprofen
changed the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in favor of oxidation and had no
beneficial effect in surgically induced oxidative stress.
Steel fiber bond strength to estimate fRi parameters
Authors: Kadima Aaron , Ntuku Jeandry Bule , Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of the safety assessment of the β_1
coefficient that correlates the residual flexural tensile strength
parameters fRi (i = 1, 2, 3, and 4) in steel fiber reinforced concrete
(SFRC), collected through experimental notched beam flexural tests in
three points, according to the fib Model Code 2010 (fib, 2013), with the
bond strength (fu,f) of the hook-end type steel fiber in the concrete
mix. The SFRC beams were chosen, which presents the load-opening ratio
curve of the crack, F-CMOD (Crack Mouth Opening Displacement) in
softening behavior, the compressive strength of the concrete, 25 MPa
< fc < 80 MPa, the fiber volume content, 0.25 %
< Vf < 0.80 % and the fiber aspect ratio, 60
< lf/df < 95. The results in 46 prisms notched of
the database formed by 13 studies, showed a considerable influence of
the fRi x fu,f ratio with lower variability of around 10%. Thus,
through statistical resources, empirical proposals were established to
estimate the residual flexural tensile strengths, as a viable and
economical alternative to the design project.
CASE STUDY: Cinnamon Aspiration in a Toddler Causing Severe ARDS Requiring Surfactant and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Peir Gene , Boggs Kaitlyn , Soto Pela , Sharron Matthew , Sami Iman , Dean Terry
Published: July 2021

As many as 6% of reported cinnamon poisonings cause significant
clinical effects, however descriptions of pulmonary toxicity have not
yet been reported. Here, we present a pediatric patient’s hospital
course following powdered cinnamon aspiration. The early presentation
with hypercapnia and lower airways obstructions evolved to hypoxemic
respiratory failure and severe pediatric acute respiratory distress
syndrome requiring a 7-day course of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation, 16 ventilator-days, and 3 diagnostic and therapeutic
bronchoscopies with 2 applications of surfactant therapy. The sum of
these modalities contributed to this patient’s survival and subsequent
return to respiratory baseline 6 months post-hospitalization.
Prospective study on Prophylactic Micafungin sodium against Invasive Fungal Disease during Neutropenia in Pediatric & Adolescent Patients undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kim Bo Kyung , Choi Jung Yoon , Hong Kyung Taek , An Hong Yul , Shin Hee Young , Kang Hyoung Jin
Published: July 2021

Background Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) increase the mortality rate
of patients with neutropenia who receive chemotherapy or have previously
undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Micafungin is
a broad-spectrum echinocandin, with minimal toxicity and low drug
interactions. We therefore investigated the efficacy and safety of
prophylactic micafungin in pediatric and adolescent patients who
underwent autologous HSCT. Methods This was a phase II, prospective,
single-center, open-label, and single-arm study. From November 2011 to
February 2017, 125 patients were screened from Seoul National University
Children’s Hospital, Korea, and 112 were enrolled. Micafungin was
administered intravenously at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day (maximum 50 mg/day)
from day 8 of autologous HSCT until neutrophil engraftment. Treatment
success was defined as the absence of proven, probable, or possible IFD
up to 4 weeks after therapy. Results The study protocol was achieved
without premature interruption in 110 patients (98.2%). The reasons
interrupting micafungin treatment included early death (n=1) and patient
refusal (n=1). Treatment success was achieved in 109 patients (99.1%).
Only one patient was diagnosed with probable IFD. No patients were
diagnosed with possible or proven IFD. In the full analysis set, 21
patients (18.8%) experienced 22 adverse events (AEs); however, all AEs
were classified as “unlikely” related to micafungin. No patient
experienced grade IV AEs nor discontinued treatment and none of the
deaths were related to micafungin. Conclusions Our study demonstrated
that micafungin is a safe and effective option for antifungal
prophylaxis in pediatric patients who underwent autologous HSCT, with
promising efficacy without significant AEs.
Integrated MOF and P/VSA Process Design: Descriptor Optimization
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhou Teng , Sundmacher Kai
Published: July 2021

An integrated metal-organic framework (MOF) and pressure/vacuum swing
adsorption (P/VSA) process design framework is presented for gas
separation. It consists of two steps: descriptor optimization and MOF
matching. In the first step, MOFs are represented as a large set of
chemical and geometric descriptors from which the most influential ones
are selected and treated as design variables. The valid design space is
confined using a tailored classifier model and logic constraints. Based
on collected adsorption isotherms of 471 different MOFs, data-driven
isotherm models are developed. Combining the design space, isotherms,
and process models, an integrated MOF and P/VSA process design problem
is formulated. MOF descriptors and process operating conditions are
optimized to maximize the process performance. The obtained optimal
descriptors and isotherms can be used to guide the discovery of
high-performance MOFs in a subsequent MOF matching step. This article
addresses the first descriptor optimization step exemplified by
propene/propane separation.
Field Approach for General Relativity
Authors:   Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, İstanbul Atatürk Anadolu Lisesi, İstanbul, Turkey, ŞAHİN Ali Rıza
Published: July 2021

The general theory of relativity is based on expressing gravity by means of the metric tensor and its elements instead of some fields as in electrodynamics. This work starts with by defining some vector fields for metric or metric tensor. After metric and metric tensor are expressed in terms of these fields, the geodesic equations and Einstein equations are derived for these fields. Finally, perihelion precession and light deflection are recalculated, as two different applications of the introduced fields.
Strategic Planning as an Integrative Device
Authors: Ketokivi Mikko , Castañer Xavier
Published: July 2021

While alleviating the adverse effects of employees' pursuit of their subgroups' goals over organizational goals is important, finding ways to avoid them may be even more important. In this paper, we investigate whether strategic planning can be used to reduce organizational members' position bias, or the extent to which they direct their attention toward the immediate goals and priorities attached to their position. We examine the hypothesis that involving employees in the strategic planning process and communicating the agreed-upon priorities to them afterwards enhance goal convergence by attenuating position bias. We examine these questions in a sample of 164 manufacturing plants from five countries and three industries, where we asked middle-level managers to assess the importance of various organizational goals. We find that participation and communication function as complements to jointly reduce managerial position bias.
Bounded Rationality and the Search for Organizational Architecture: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Design of Organizations and Their Evolvability
Authors: Ethiraj Sendil K. , Levinthal Daniel
Published: July 2021

We employ a computational model of organizational adaptation to answer three research questions: (1) How does the architecture or structure of complexity affect the feasibility and usefulness of boundedly rational design efforts? (2) Do efforts to adapt organizational forms complicate or complement the effectiveness of first-order change efforts? and (3) To what extent does the rate of environmental change nullify the usefulness of design efforts? We employ a computational model of organizational adaptation to examine these questions. Our results, in identifying the boundary conditions around successful design efforts, suggest that the underlying architecture of complexity of organizations, particularly the presence of hierarchy, is a critical determinant of the feasibility and effectiveness of design efforts. We also find that design efforts are generally complementary to efforts at local performance improvement and identify specific contingencies that determine the extent of complementarity. We discuss the implications of our findings for organization theory and design and the literature on modularity in products and organizations.
Board Composition: Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms
Authors: Anderson Ronald C. , Reeb David M.
Published: July 2021

We examine the mechanisms used to limit expropriation of firm wealth by large shareholders among S&P 500 firms with founding-family ownership. Consistent with agency theory, we find that the most valuable public firms are those in which independent directors balance family board representation. In contrast, in firms with continued founding-family ownership and relatively few independent directors, firm performance is significantly worse than in non-family firms. We also find that a moderate family board presence provides substantial benefits to the firm. Additional tests suggest that families often seek to minimize the presence of independent directors, while outside shareholders seek independent director representation. These findings highlight the importance of independent directors in mitigating conflicts between shareholder groups and imply that the interests of minority investors are best protected when, through independent directors, they have power relative to family shareholders. We argue that expanding the discussion beyond manager-shareholder conflicts to include conflicts between shareholder groups provides a richer setting in which to explore corporate governance and the balance of power in U.S. firms.
Grado de alfabetización académica en profesores de la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad Regional del Sureste
Authors: Neri Caballero Enrique Salvador
Published: July 2021

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo indagar el grado de conocimientos de los profesores de la Escuela de Nutrición de la Universidad Regional del Sureste en lo que se refiere a los lineamientos normativos más comunes en la producción de textos académicos. Se trata de una investigación de tipo descriptiva, con un diseño observacional-transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por docentes de la Escuela de Nutrición. Asimismo, el presente estudio es de causalidad, con carácter dicotómico, es decir, propone una variable dependiente. conformada por los docentes de la Escuela de Nutrición, y una variable independiente, formulada como “Grado de alfabetización académica en los profesores de la Escuela de Nutrición”. Entre los resultados destaca que las normas de la American Psychological Association (APA) cuentan con un mayor alcance dentro del campo de la investigación y producción de textos académicos, debido a la mayor estructuración, aplicación y difusión que le dan a su normatividad. Se concluye que los profesores de la Escuela de Nutrición conocen los diferentes tipos de textos académicos (ensayos, relatorías y las monografías) y que, al igual que con los docentes, la mayor normativa seguida en la elaboración de trabajos escolares por parte de los estudiantes es la de la APA. Finalmente, se propone la elaboración de un manual normativo de la producción de textos académicos interno que brinde homogeneidad a los documentos que producen los estudiantes en las diferentes asignaturas que cursan a lo largo de su carrera.
Non-Standard Methods for Assessing the Quality of Intumescent Coatings
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Martynov A.V. , Popova O.V. ,   Don State Technical University, Grekov V.V. ,   LLC «Construction. Quality. Safety»
Published: July 2021

The main most frequently used structural materials are monolithic reinforced concrete, steel profiles and lightweight thin-walled building structures, which in case of fire at temperatures above 500 °C lose their mechanical properties, deform, and collapse. To protect the load-bearing structures from dangerous deformations for a certain time before the start of extinguishing a fire, various fire-retardant materials are used, among which thin-layer intumescent coatings occupy a special place. Serious problems with the quality of intumescent coatings are associated with the use by manufacturers of paint components (often counterfeit products of low quality) that do not correspond to those stated in the certificates. In these cases, the intumescent coating does not guarantee the formation of a high-quality protective layer of the coke foam in case of fire. Standard methods for assessing the quality of such coatings allow to assess appearance, thickness, and adhesion of the coating prior to coke foam formation. However, it is required to check directly on the object the additional non-standard parameters of the intumescent coatings: intumescence coefficient, appearance and strength of the coke foam. Ways are described related to the implementation of measuring the structural and mechanical properties of the coke foam: intumescence coefficient, penetration and shear-breakout strength. It is proposed to measure the strength characteristics of the coke foam by the penetrometry method on an original installation (analogue of a cone penetrometer). The proposed measurement method is simple, demonstrative and does not require expensive equipment. The dependence is revealed concerning the strength of the coke foam on its density, which is determined by the intumescence coefficient at all other things being equal. The higher the intumescence coefficient, the lower the density and strength of the coke foam. Therefore, high values of the intumescence coefficient do not guarantee the reliability of fire protection. It is recommended to set normatively limit values for the intumescence coefficient, which will differ for different compositions of the intumescent paints.
Dynamic Model for Assessing the State of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Poroshin A.A. , Bobrinev E.V. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Udavtsova E.Yu. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Kondashov A.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Published: July 2021

Analytical approach to the assessment of the state of the occupational health and safety management system is considered based on the constant analysis of hazards and current risks, regular adjustment of the occupational health and safety management system depending on the decrease or increase in the assessment of its state. In the presented model the Bayesian approach is used, in which on the basis of the apriori value of the complex indicator for assessing the state of the occupational health and safety management system the possible a posteriori change of this indicator is determined depending on the factors affecting its state (availability of the organizational documentation, observance of the labor rights of the employees, organization of training and instructing on occupational safety, accounting of incidents, assessment of the risk of injury and death of the personnel, etc.). To obtain the posteriori assessment, only those indicators characterizing the state of the occupational health and safety management system are considered, the values of which have changed in the current year compared to the previous one. The method of maximizing the posterior probability density is used. The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety management system is assessed using the intervals of the Harrington function. The boundary values of this function corresponding to a good, satisfactory, and poor assessment of the effectiveness of the occupational health and safety management system are determined. As an example, the calculation of the posteriori assessment of a complex indicator of the state of the occupational health and safety management for a fire protection unit is considered. It is shown, that as a result of implementing measures for labor protection the complex indicator for assessing the state of the occupational health and safety management system increases, the assessment of its effectiveness improves.
Prediction of the Ground Vibration Rate during Large-scale Explosions in the Underground Conditions
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Tyupin V.N.
Published: July 2021

At present, to ensure seismic safety in massive explosions, the analytical dependence of the determination of the vibration velocity of M.A. Sadovsky rock mass is mainly used. This dependence is widely used in the creation of seismic-safe technologies for mineral deposits open-pit and underground mining. However, scientific research and production experience showed that the rate of oscillation depends on the energy parameters of the explosive, the diameter and length of its charges, the number of simultaneously exploded charges, the number of deceleration stages, the deceleration interval, etc. The purpose of this article is to predict the speed fluctuations of the massif on the earth surface when conducting the underground explosions depending on the parameters of large-scale explosions and physical-technical properties of the rock masses in the areas of explosion of the protected object. The formulas for calculating the velocity of rock mass on the earth surface during large-scale explosions in the underground conditions are substantiated and presented. The formulas were used for calculating the vibration velocities of the rock mass on the earth surface in accordance with the parameters of drilling and blasting operations during large-scale explosions in the mines of GK VostGOK. Comparison of theoretical (calculated) data and the results of actual measurements indicates their convergence. By changing the controlled parameters in the calculation formulas, it is possible to quantitatively reduce the seismic effect of a large-scale explosions on the protected objects. Further research will be aimed at studying the influence of tectonic faults, artificial contour crevices, filling massif or mined-out space on the rate of seismic-explosive vibrations during blasting operations in the mines. The research results can be used in the preparation of rules for conducting large-scale explosions at the underground mining.