bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skill Development Challenges in the Era of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Karthikeyan C. , Singh Sonia
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is taking us by storm, and Human Resources functions are no exception. Future of work for nearly 40% of the companies are in the algorithms of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Al is the most powerful acronym that pulls every human resource professional into challenge. Almost 33% of the employees' jobs, roles, tasks are to be augmented by AI in the near future is the prediction by Deloitte. This paper analyses the Skill development challenges for the developing countries like India to handle AI related training by conducting meta Analysis and presents suggestive measures to counter these challenges. The aim of the paper is to comprehend the issues surrounding vocational education and training by putting the Learner first. It suggests measures for implementation of planned activities with the augmentation of training initiatives to reskill, right skill and align those skills for the emerging jobs.
Revolutionizing Education
Authors: Shafiq Zeenat
Published: October 2024

This abstract examines the many facets of artificial intelligence, outlining its reach, development, and effects, with an emphasis on how it can be used in education. The study explores the evolutionary history of artificial intelligence, which has been fueled by exponential gains in computer power, data availability. The research looks at how AI is changing teaching, learning, and administrative procedures in educational institutions. The abstract explores the ways in which artificial intelligence is transforming education, outlining the nature, uses, implications, difficulties, and importance of AI. It explores how artificial intelligence technologies which include learning, reasoning and self-correction are revolutionizing traditional teaching methods and administrative procedures. It also facilitates automatic grading, data-driven decision-making, and lifelong learning. AI has significant ramifications that highlight its critical role in transforming educational paradigms internationally, helping both students and educators, despite its limitations.
Do Anthropomorphic Graphics in Multimedia Learning Materials Help Learning by Capturing Learners' Attention?
Authors: Liu Jinya , Sanmugam Mageswaran
Published: October 2024

This article explores the impact of using anthropomorphic graphics in multimedia learning materials on learners' attention allocation and learning outcomes. Anthropomorphic graphics refer to images that possess human-like characteristics, meaning they are described and conceived based on human traits(Salles et al., 2020). In the context of multimedia education, the integration of anthropomorphic graphics has been widely discussed as a means to enhance learners' attention and overall learning outcomes. This paper reviews multiple studies, summarizing the role of anthropomorphic graphics in attracting and maintaining students' attention, and whether this can improve learning outcomes. The authors hold that while the effect of anthropomorphic graphics on final learning outcomes is unclear, they positively influence student attention, deepen understanding, and facilitate knowledge transfer. Despite the uncertain impact on outcomes, their potential to enhance learning effectiveness should not be overlooked.
Innovative Approaches to Problem-Solving Through Educational Technology Integration
Authors: Roy Piyal , Pandit Rajat , Naskar Sudip Kumar
Published: October 2024

Society is currently going through major changes in the educational field due to technological changes. The impact of EdTech on teaching methods, learner commitment, and effectiveness is explored in this paper. Adaptive learning systems differentiate students, utilizing technology like VR and AR for immersive learning, encouraging participation, understanding, and empowering students with control over their learning. We emphasize the need to employ technology judiciously and cautiously to find the right balance between implementing modern technology and using traditional instructional techniques. The future of EdTech also looking bright with such developments as AI adding a more personalized element and metaverse allowing everyone to go to school online. The effective implementation of EdTech allows for the development of a promising future for everyone since education should be open and engaging for all students and transform education into a lifelong process.
The Preliminary Study of a Multi-User Collaborative Musical Instrument Application for Middle School Students
Authors: Cheng Xiyu , Mohamad Mariam Binti
Published: October 2024

With its interactive and captivating learning experiences, touchscreen technology has become a particularly promising new direction for music learning in recent years. This paper reports the preliminary study which investigates the impact of a touchscreen-technology-based multi-user collaborative musical instrument application in middle school students‘ music learning. Four secondary school students were chosen as participants and participated in interviews and non-participant observation. The evaluation revealed that this application fulfilled the usability aspect; it was confirmed to be easy to use and contributes to fostering collaborative skills and increasing student engagement in music learning. As there is no existing mobile music instrument application for multi-users to support middle school students in music learning, this study would be considered a groundbreaking attempt. The insights provide valuable implications for educators and developers aiming to integrate touchscreen technology into music curricula, promoting more interactive and collaborative learning environments
Unified Threat Modeling
Authors: Mohanty Rasmita Kumari , Padmaja Chinimilli Venkata Rama , Kanaparthi Suresh Kumar , Rajan Anusha
Published: October 2024

Today, in the digital world, the security of systems is crucial because, with continuous information exchange and huge quantities of data being processed, the protection of operation processes and data assets becomes paramount. Threat modeling is an important part of cybersecurity management methodology that looks for any possible threats or weaknesses that can break the system or endanger the environment. This paper is an attempt to analyze all the models of threat modeling by taking STRIDE, PASTA, DREAD, TREK, VAST and Attack Trees as references. An integrated model is suggested that combines the benefits of existing approaches, which includes the adoption of a comprehensive frame to deal with cyber threats. This methodology emphasizes iterative refinement and rigorous testing to ensure the effectiveness of threat mitigation strategies. By incorporating user-friendly web portals and the integration of new technologies, this framework enhances usability and addresses emerging threats.
A Poetic Reflective Essay Conceptualizing a Case for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Higher Education
Authors: Merriweather Lisa , Wang Viktor , Wheatley Torie C. , Stone Cynthia
Published: October 2024

Diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives have positively and substantially impacted the lived experiences of racially minoritized and marginalized people seeking degrees in US colleges and universities by creating more welcoming environments that value their identities. Recent legislation and US Supreme Court rulings spawned anti-DEI legislation that is eroding those positive gains. This article draws on Patricia Williams' 1987 conceptualization of spirit murder to explain the deleterious effects of the anti-DEI movement and advances the conceptualization of “spirit of care” which prioritizes humanity. The spirit of care supports DEI initiatives and practices in higher education institutions, viewing them as necessary for respect, connection, and awareness of difference. Technology can play a unique and pivotal role in promoting a spirit of care in higher education.
Gamification Elements in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)
Authors: Pretorius André
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the role of gamification in online courses and demonstrates three applications of gamification in a virtual learning environment (VLE). The research evaluates the effect that these gamification tools can have on the student's perception of their learning, affective responses towards the course and motivation. Three different cases are demonstrated using experience points, badges, and the progress bar in Moodle. Finally, students' responses to these elements and future expansion of gamification in these courses are discussed. The value and contribution of these cases is that it demonstrates how to successfully implement these gamification elements and how to use it effectively within the VLE to promote learning, and advance motivation and participation. Students reported improvements in learning efficacy, motivation, affective perception and self-efficacy through the use of Moodle gamification elements. This research is original as the approach is novel within the institution and to the student body in general.
Carbon-Nickel Oxide Nanofiber based Supercapacitors for Improvement of Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Arslan Zunair , Abdullah Zeeshan , Anwar Abdul Waheed , Haq Inam Ul , Awais Raza Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Now a days, demand for electrical energy is increasing because most of our gadgets and devices based on electricity. Due to the depletion of fossil fuel much more attention is given to renewable energy sources and devices to store that energy. Between these energy storage devices electrochemical energy storage devices has got more attention and among electrochemical energy storage devices, batteries are dominant, but they experience some safety issue, slow charge transfer and cannot meet high power requirement for numerous applications. Thus, as compare to batteries supercapacitor have high power density and fast charge transfer. So much more attention is going on to increase the performance of supercapacitors. In this study, hydrothermal method is used to synthesis rGO/NiO composite and electrospinning to fabricate rGO/NiO composite nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) is performed to study morphological and structural properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are performed to study the electrochemical behavior. Reduced graphene oxide shows specific capacitance as low as 91.6 F/g. NiO nanostructures, rGO/NiO composite and rGO/NiO composite nanofibers shows specific capacitance of 256.4 F/g, 537.8 F/g and 663.8 F/g respectively.
Advanced Materials for Solar Cell Technology and Energy Simulation
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Azhar , Ciampi Giovanni , Mohiuddin Shaikh , Sibilio Sergio
Published: October 2024

As global climate change intensifies, a pivotal shift towards renewable energy sources becomes imperative. Given its adaptability and efficacy, solar cell technology stands out as a frontrunner in the quest to combat environmental degradation. With the vast expanse of buildings occupying significant portions of the urban landscape, integrating photovoltaics into building design is a timely necessity. Before embarking on tangible installations, conducting an energy simulation proves invaluable in gauging a building's energy requirements, ensuring cost and time efficiency. This paper delves into the advanced materials employed in solar cell technology and undertakes an energy simulation for a photovoltaic module. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics is not just an innovative leap in harnessing solar energy but also symbolizes the synergy between architectural design and energy production. By fine-tuning system operations and comprehending external factors, Building-Integrated Photovoltaics points to a future where energy solutions are both sustainable and tailored to a wide range of applications.
Improving the Fatigue Performance of Binder Jet Manufactured 316L by Severe Shot Peening Surface Modification
Authors: Rautio Timo , Hietala Mikko , Jaskari Matias , Järvenpää Antti
Published: October 2024

Binder jetting is a rapidly evolving additive manufacturing technique, challenging the dominance of laser powder bed fusion in metal fabrication. This study focuses on the material properties of austenitic stainless steel 316L produced via binder jet technology. Porosity remains a significant challenge across additive manufacturing methods, adversely affecting material properties and fatigue life. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach employing severe shot peening as a post-processing treatment to enhance the material's characteristics. Microstructural analysis, including electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), coupled with tensile testing, was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. Additionally, fatigue behavior was investigated under both axial and flexural bending loading conditions. The results revealed a substantial increase in material strength achievable through the post-treatment. Notably, the fatigue limit of the material in bending fatigue was elevated from 120 MPa to 190 MPa, indicating a significant enhancement in fatigue performance. This study contributes new insights into the enhancement of fatigue resistance in binder jet-manufactured 316L stainless steel through surface modification techniques. The findings underscore the potential of severe shot peening as an effective strategy to improve material properties and expand the applicability of binder jet printing in demanding industrial applications.
An Analysis of the Advancements in Laser-Powered Direct Energy Deposition for Parts Repair
Authors: Trihenea Nicolae , Constantin Vlad-Ștefan , Predu Denis Andrei
Published: October 2024

This research paper investigates the recent progress in using Powder Direct Energy Deposition (Powder DED) for fixing parts. Powder DED is a modern way of 3D printing that's gaining attention for its ability to mend and renew vital components. This study breaks down the latest improvements and trends in Powder DED technology, explaining how it works and the materials and tools involved. We also discuss how Powder DED can help industries save money and be more environmentally friendly when it comes to repairing parts, and we explore potential future developments. This paper shows how Powder DED is changing the way we approach part maintenance and repair, making it easier and more cost-effective.
Corrosion Properties of Weld Metal in 304 Stainless Steel for Food Grade Using GTAW with Various Types of Backing Gas
Authors: Phuraya Noppakorn , Phung-on Isaratat , Chaideesungnoen Sasirat , Tangsri Tanit , Panmongkol Picha
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the impact from nitrogen content in backing gases on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of food grade stainless steel weld metal. Three types of backing gases were employed: 100%Ar, 85%Ar+15%N2, and 100%N2. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed a significant effect from nitrogen content on the ferrite phase fraction within the weld metal microstructures (p-value = 3.5E-05), indicating a reduction in the ferrite phase with increasing nitrogen content. Moreover, increasing nitrogen content positively shifted the pitting corrosion potential, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance. Optical microscopy confirmed lower pit density in samples with nitrogen backing gas as compared with samples with argon backing gas. These findings underscore the crucial role of nitrogen content in backing gases at influencing microstructure and corrosion resistance in stainless steel weld metal, with higher nitrogen levels correlated with improved corrosion resistance.
Aspects Regarding FSW and SFSW Welding of Copper Cu99
Authors: Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Perianu Ion Aurel , Marin-Corciu Matei , Binchiciu Emilia-Florina , Duma Iuliana , Popescu Radu Nicolae
Published: October 2024

Copper is used in various industrial fields due to its characteristics and properties. The very high thermal conductivity of copper makes it difficult to weld it using conventional fusion welding processes. Friction stir welding FSW is a solid-state joining process of metallic materials, which can be used to perform copper welded joints. Using a liquid working environment in FSW welding (submerged friction stir welding SFSW) causes the decrease of the process temperature, which can be beneficial for copper. The paper presents aspects and results obtained by ISIM Timisoara regarding FSW and SFSW butt welding of copper Cu99 2.5 mm thick, using the same type of the welding tool. The obtained results will be useful for the start of the experimental researches of processing in air and in liquid environment FSP and SFSP of copper Cu99, which will be performed in the Nucleu PN 23 37 01 02 project underway at ISIM Timisoara.
Increasing the Performance of Mixed Cation Mixed Halide Lead Based Perovskite Solar Cell by Passivating the Rare Interface: A SCAPS-1D Numerical Simulation Investigation
Authors: Ali Irshad , Rehan Shanza , Sadia Haleema , Siddiqui Lyba
Published: October 2024

Thermal and photo instabilities are two major issues for organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells. Mixing of A site cations and X cite halogens are tried to address these issues, but the performance is still not reached the theoretical Shockley Quissier limit. One of the reasons for this is the energy loss ratio with band gap energy. Despite the high open circuit voltage, this ratio is lower for perovskite solar cell in competition with silicon technology. Open circuit voltage can be increased by different ways, but short circuit current is compromised. To increase open circuit voltage without affecting the short circuit current is the surface passivation technique. Numerous studies have been conducted on electron transport layer and perovskite interface, with a very few on hole transport layer and perovskite interface. Both interfaces are equally important. Here we passivated the later interface by inserting a 10 nm thick layer of caesium-formamide based lead mixed halide perovskite in FAMA mixed perovskite solar cell. Our proposed model achieved an efficiency of 31.42 % with a high fill factor of 86.4 %. At the same time, we recorded higher open circuit voltage of 1.46 V and 25.49 mA/cm2 short circuit current. Our proposed model will help in experimental work for making highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
Protoptila coloma (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae): a new species record for Canada
Authors: Erasmus Daniel J. , Hiebert Shayden W. , Reynolds Isaiah , Huber Dezene P.W.
Published: October 2024

Northern British Columbia, Canada, is an undersurveyed region for aquatic macroinvertebrates. We surveyed the Stellako River, a culturally and economically important river in the region, for adult caddisflies using Malaise traps, then identified species by using DNA barcoding, which revealed the presence of Protoptila coloma Ross (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae). This is the first record of this species in Canada; it represents a 680-km northwards expansion of the species’ currently known range.
Sustained Remission in an Elderly Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Gilteritinib Treatment as Third-Line Salvage Therapy
Authors: Molica Matteo
Published: October 2024

Limited data are available on the effectiveness of gilteritinib as a third-line salvage therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present an elderly patient who achieved sustained remission following gilteritinib monotherapy as a third-line treatment after failing two prior regimens.
Relationship of Abdominal Oblique Strength on Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Eilen Henry T. , Kokott Wesley , Dziuk Cody , Cross Janelle A.
Published: October 2024

Context

The pitching cycle is a highly dynamic task, and the trunk and abdominal obliques are key contributors in efficient kinetic transfer.

Objective

To determine the relationship between abdominal oblique strength and pitching biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Nineteen healthy right-handed high school male baseball pitchers (age = 17.1 ± 1.1 years, height = 183.7 ± 6.5 cm, mass = 83.1 ± 10.1 kg).

Main Outcome Measures

The main outcome was full body biomechanics captured at key points during the pitching cycle. The main variable of interest was abdominal oblique strength (glove arm and throwing arm). Kinematics and kinetics were calculated using Visual 3D motion capture software. Descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations were calculated. Shapiro-Wilk test confirmed the data were normally distributed. Scatterplots determined linear associations, so a 2-tailed Pearson correlation with Fisher option was used to examine associations between obliques strength measurements and biomechanical metrics.

Results

Three kinematic measures were identified with p < 0.05 and r = 0.5 demonstrating strong correlations with abdominal oblique strength. Maximum pelvis rotation velocity was positively correlated with throwing arm oblique strength (r =0.52, p = 0.02). Glove arm oblique strength was positively correlated with both maximum pelvis rotation velocity and maximum torso rotation velocity (r = 0.69, p = 0.001, and r = 0.52, p = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions

These data highlight the moderate to strong positive relationship abdominal oblique strength has on both maximal pelvic and torso rotational velocity. Training to improve the strength of the abdominal obliques may increase both maximal pelvic and trunk rotational velocity, while avoiding a significant increase upper extremity joint loading, which is important in optimizing performance and injury prevention.
Selection of a classroom observation tool for disability inclusion in Uganda
Authors: Kawesa Elizabeth S. , Nimusiima Claire , Seeley Janet , Mbazzi Femke B.
Published: October 2024

Background: Obuntu Bulamu is a Ugandan intervention promoting inclusive education for children with disabilities. This culturally appropriate approach, based on the Ubuntu philosophy, utilises peer-to-peer support activities for children, parents and teachers.Objectives: To effectively measure the intervention’s impact on disability inclusion, the study aimed to select, adapt and test classroom observation instruments suitable for the Ugandan context.Method: Three structured classroom observation tools were selected and piloted in 10 primary schools in Wakiso District: The Classroom Observation Checklist (CoC), the Teacher-Pupil Observation Tool (T-POT) and the Interaction Engagement Scale (IES). These tools were adapted to ensure cultural relevance and applicability within Ugandan school settings.Results: Factors like class size, teaching methods, cultural relevance, language and ease of use influenced the suitability of the selected tool. The CoC emerged as a more effective tool with a strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80) for capturing inclusiveness and peer-to-peer support in the classroom compared to the T-POT and IES.Conclusion: The study findings emphasise the significance of adapting and testing tools in specific cultural contexts and low-income country settings and considering culturally contextual factors like class size, teaching methods, language complexity and ease of use when measuring disability inclusion in primary schools.Contribution: The selection of a classroom observation tool for the Obuntu Bulamu randomised control trial contributed to African disability knowledge and practices designed on and for the continent.
Academic collaboration
Authors: Jones Chris , Van den Heever Juri
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
Financial technology in a South African banking institution to achieve strategic sustainability
Authors: Panday Lomesh , Nyawo Jabulani C. , Vilakazi Mlondi B.F.
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The aim of this article was to better understand the alignment of banking business models with disruptive technologies.Design/methodology/approach: An explorative study was used to uncover participants’ views of technology adoption in a particular banking institution in South Africa. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 12 participants. Employing a qualitative approach, interpretive techniques were used to decode, describe and translate themes and concepts of certain phenomena.Findings/results: Disruptive technologies offered by Fintechs are generally embraced, provided they are fit-for-purpose and deliver a value proposition to drive client-centric growth. Partnering with Fintechs plays a pivotal role in alignment between business and information technology, enabling banks to leverage technology to reach broader markets. This enables scalable growth, which is vital to sustainability.Practical implications: The study assists South African financial institutions in aligning business models to continuously evolve with disruptive shifts in technology, and leverage technologies offered by Fintechs to maintain market relevance and grow competitive advantage in a sustainable manner.Originality/value: It is especially pertinent to banks in South Africa and other developing nations, as it highlights important implications for partnering with Fintech companies. In addition to validating the Improved Technology Acceptance Model framework, it reveals more factors to consider when partnering with Fintechs. The results contribute to the literature on the adoption of disruptive technologies, as well as relations between banks and Fintechs, in order to improve partnerships between these entities.
Exploring small and medium enterprise performance through dynamic capability perspective
Authors: Wimpertiwi Dotty , Arief Muhtosim , Alamsjah Firdaus , Setiowati Rini
Published: October 2024

Background: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial to both global and national economies. They create jobs, boost competitiveness and drive economic growth. In the digital age, SMEs have increased opportunities to expand, enhance their capabilities and compete effectively.Aim: This research explores how environmentally conscious SMEs improve performance using dynamic capabilities (DCs) approach. It specifically examines how e-commerce and management capabilities contribute to SME performance in the Indonesian culinary sector and highlights the role of strategic orientation in this study.Setting: The study focusses on SMEs in the culinary sub-sector located in West Java, DKI Jakarta, and Banten provinces in Indonesia. These regions were selected because of their vibrant culinary industries and the significant role SMEs play in the local economy and gross domestic product (GDP).Methods: A quantitative analysis was conducted using online surveys via Google Forms, collecting 236 responses. The data were analysed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using Smart PLS 3.0 software.Results: Four hypotheses about DCs and SME performance were tested, with three being accepted. The study found that DCs alone do not directly enhance SME performance.Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of strategic orientation in mediating DCs with SME performance. In the digital era, aligning goals with market needs helps SMEs use their DCs more effectively, adapt to changes, innovate and grow sustainably.Contribution: This research contributes to the literature on DCs and strategic management, offering insights into improving SME performance in Indonesia.
Adapting a Longitudinal Structured Program to Enhance Research Skills in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Key Advancement in Competency-Based Medical Education
Authors: Sidhu Tanvir Kaur , Mahajan Rajiv , Malhotra Varun Mohan , Mehra Shyam , Singh Gurkirat , Singh Harshpreet , Bhatia Jagriti , Singh Gurmeet , Sidhu Japneet
Published: October 2024

Background:

Abundant literature signifies the imperative role of evidence-based research in the health sector which underpins the importance of training medical graduates in research skills early in their medical journey. Low awareness, less knowledge, and minimal practical involvement of undergraduates (UGs) in research have been identified all over India. The lack of structured delivery of research curriculum in the UG period has been the basis of uptaking this project with the aim of developing research competency in medical UGs.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted as a participatory action research with a mixed-method approach in the department of community medicine at a medical college. A structured validated module was developed by the core committee and then pilot tested. The 5 years’ journey through module development, pilot testing, longitudinal delivery, and then adapting it into a value-added course program at the university curriculum level was attempted.

Results:

“UG Medical Research” has been adopted as value-added course in the curriculum of MBBS in the university. The research program is being run in a longitudinal structured manner with all MBBS UGs being trained using the “Module for UG Medical Research” module followed by research mentoring by faculty and subsequently academic scholarships in Electives Research Block 1. Interdisciplinary voluntary faculty pool has been created for research mentoring of UG students. The research environment of the institute has improved in terms of the increase in the number of research projects being carried out by UG students, Short Term Studentship (STS) Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) research scholarships, conducting annual UG research exhibition/conferences in the campus, awards for best research works, and providing intramural research grant for UGs.

Conclusions:

The longitudinal structured research program was successfully incorporated into the UG curriculum which enabled UG students to demonstrate acquisition of research competency.
Script Concordance Test in Physiology: Preparation, Scoring, and Student Perceptions – A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Nalini Y C , Manivasakan Shivasakthy , Pai Dinker R
Published: October 2024

Background:

Although the curriculum has changed, assessment tools are not in alignment with the new types of teaching such as early clinical exposure (ECE) and self-directed learning. Both in summative and formative assessment most commonly used tools for assessment of cognitive domain are written formats including MCQ. However, these assessment tools such as MCQ and written essays cannot assess the higher order thinking skills and clinical reasoning skills.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in the department of physiology, in collaboration with medical simulation center, as a part of formative assessment for topics on pathophysiology of shock and obstructive and restrictive lung disorders taught during ECE using case scenarios. Two script concordance tests (SCTs) each on the topic of pathophysiological mechanism of different types of shock and obstructive and restrictive lung disorders each were prepared and administered to the students. Student perception to this assessment tools was obtained.

Results:

The Cronbach’s alpha of the 6-item SCT for respiratory and cardiovascular topic administered to the students (n = 107, 98) was 0.83 and 0.82, respectively. The inter-item correlation was respiratory and cardiovascular topic for 0.71, 0.69 suggesting that they are close and repetitive. Students were of the opinion that SCT are difficult to understand (75.8%), challenging to answer (47.2%), and it tested the clinical content better (71.4%).

Conclusions:

In our study, students felt though SCT tested the clinical content better when compared to conventionally used MCQ, they still find it challenging to understand and are not in favor of its use in summative and formative assessments.
Preoperative workup and optimization for the AUS patient
Authors: Lee Grace , Patel Hiren V. , Hampson Lindsay A.
Published: October 2024

Patients with bothersome stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after prostate intervention can be managed with conservative therapy, male urethral sling placement, or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) surgery. Although AUS placement is the gold standard treatment, up to 50% of patients require reoperation for complications in the long term. Preoperative workup and counseling provide an opportunity for clinical optimization that can potentially reduce the risk of complications and ensure that surgery is in line with patients’ goals and expectations. This review highlights contemporary data surrounding components of the preoperative workup, including the evaluation of SUI, the role of urodynamics, the assessment of bother and impact on quality of life, and the significance of frailty and comorbidities in patients undergoing AUS surgery.
Ureterocalicostomy utilizing upper pole of transplanted kidney: A case report
Authors: Freeman Samantha , Trussler James , Sorcini Andrea
Published: October 2024

Ureteral stenosis or obstruction following a kidney transplant is one of the most frequent complications in renal post-transplantation. We describe the case of a 66-year-old female with a complex ureteral stenosis post-transplantation, where the stenosis involved the entire ureter, necessitating a unique repair. The patient underwent living-related kidney transplant in 2001 for glomerulonephritis. Starting 15 years post-transplant, she experienced recurrent episodes of pyelonephritis. It was suspected that she had developed chronic rejection, and kidney inflammation was compressing the ureter. Pyelograms demonstrated a narrow caliber transplant ureter and a patent native ureter on the ipsilateral side. Intraoperatively, the medial aspect of the graft was extremely difficult due to dense adhesions. The lower pole was densely adherent to the iliac vessels and the bladder was displaced cephalad. We were unable to safely access the transplant ureter. We proceeded to mobilize the native right ureter cephalad to the dilated upper pole calyx. In this case report, we present a rare case of a panureteral obstruction caused by renal allograft extrinsic compression. An upper pole ureterocalicostomy using the ipsilateral native ureter was performed. This novel technique should be included in the armamentarium of transplant ureteral reconstructive options.
The fragile urethra: Considerations for high-risk patients undergoing artificial urinary sphincter placement
Authors: Ramez Mohamad , Howell Skyler Mario , Westney O. Lenaine , Smith Thomas Gillispie
Published: October 2024

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and post-prostate treatment incontinence significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life. The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the gold standard for surgical management of moderate to severe urinary incontinence. Despite this, revision and replacement are common. A subset of patients has a high risk for revision and replacement based on certain historical factors. In this article, we review anatomic factors, etiology, and technique modifications through evaluation of relevant data on AUS placement in this patient population.

Materials and Methods:

A literature search was conducted to review recent English-language literature using the key search term “artificial urinary sphincter” along with other search terms including “urethral atrophy,” “urethral erosion,” “radiation,” “urethral stricture,” “urethral surgery,” “vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis,” “vesicourethral anastomotic stricture,” “bladder neck contracture,” and “posterior urethral stenosis.”

Key Findings:

The characteristics of patients with an at-risk or fragile urethra are well known and described in many studies. Primarily, these risks involve changes in urethral blood supply. Various surgical strategies are described for these patients, including transcorporal sphincter cuff placement, changes in cuff size, and potential utilization of tissue transfer or grafting techniques for urethral support.

Conclusion:

The patient group with a fragile urethra remains a management challenge in individuals experiencing post-prostate treatment incontinence. These patients have recognizable anatomic alterations and changes in urethral blood supply. Many strategies are described to help mitigate the increased risk of early device complications and erosion.
Standard Snodgrass tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty versus Mathieu technique combined with incision of the urethral plate in primary repair of distal and mid-penile hypospadias: A retrospective study
Authors: Verma Indernath , Sharma Ankita , Sharma Vikram
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

We compared the outcomes of Mathieu technique with incised-plate (Mathieu-IP) urethroplasty to the standard Snodgrass tubularized incised-plate (TIP) technique.

Purpose:

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the standard Snodgrass TIP urethroplasty versus the Mathieu-IP urethroplasty for the management of distal and mid-penile hypospadias.

Materials and Methods:

In this multicentric retrospective study, data of 30 patients (aged 1–20 years) with primary distal and mid-penile hypospadias between April 2018 and August 2021 were grouped, studied, and compared to obtain results. Group 1 comprised 15 patients who underwent TIP repair, while Group 2 included 15 patients managed using the Mathieu-IP repair for primary management of distal and mid-penile hypospadias. Perioperative follow-up data, complications, and outcomes of both procedures were statistically analyzed and compared.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the mean operative time between Groups 1 and 2, at 98 (7.6) and 100.2 (8.1) min, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in Qmax in Group 2 postoperatively (P = 0.045). The rate of postoperative fistula was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2, at 20% vs. 0% (P = 0.035). There was no postoperative meatal stenosis in Group 2, while it occurred in two patients (13.4%) in Group 1 (P = 0.076), although this difference was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

The Mathieu-IP technique appeared to be better than the standard TIP technique in context to postoperative urinary flow rate, fistula formation, and meatal stenosis, along with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes.
Perspectives of psychiatrists on Mental Health Care Act, 2017: An in-depth pilot survey
Authors: Astha  , Srivastava Shruti , Sharma Indira
Published: October 2024

Background:

The Mental Health Care Act, 2017 (MHCA, 17) was passed through both houses of the parliament. The Indian Psychiatric Society through its Patient’s Rights Task Force committee has been deliberating various rounds of discussion at levels of stakeholders, mental health professionals, and patients’ perspective. However, a scarce budget for mental health services, lack of trained mental health professionals, and poor infrastructure and logistics pose a challenge for this new act as still there is a lack of awareness of different provisions of MHCA at the administrative, judiciary, and public levels.

Aim:

The present study was undertaken to address the perspectives of psychiatrists related to MHCA,2017 its provisions.

Materials and Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire was designed to gather information on awareness about MHCA, 2017. The responses were collected from the member psychiatrists of Indian Psychiatric Society in a google form including the suggestions regarding amendments in MHCA, 2017.

Results:

22.6% of participants were using MHCA in clinical practice completely, and 20.2% did not use it all. 52.4% stated that they are using it partly. Capacity assessment of the person suffering from mental illness was done by 52.4% of participants in day-to-day clinical practice. 35.7% denied assessing it. With respect to section 309 IPC, 31% were registering and managing suicide attempts as medico legal cases and 63.1% as non-MLC cases. 54.2% of the participants were not aware about medical insurance for mental health. The qualitative data suggest the act should be simplified including relaxation in provisions of minor, capacity assessment and ensure active functioning of various authorities.

Conclusions:

Amendments are required in MHCA, 2017 taking into cognizance the opinions from various practicing psychiatrists who are facing hurdles in routine clinical practice.
Wettability of Heat Cured Acrylic Resin Interlaciated With Recycled Poly Methyl Methacrylate: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohammed Nada Z. , Al-Jmmal Amrah Y. , Sadoon Mohammed M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:

This study was conducted to improve the wettability of heat cured acrylic resin by the incorporation of recycled poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as well as the assessment of how different aging times affected it.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 40 heat cured resin specimens were prepared and randomly divided into: The study and the control groups. Recycled PMMA was added to the study group at 1%, 3%, and 5% concentrations by volume. The wettability of control and study group specimens was assessed after being aged for different aging times by the assessment of wetting angle utilizing a sessile drop method and Image J analysis software. The collected data were analyzed statistically using IBM® Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (Armonk, NY, USA) version 23. Shapiro–Wilk, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc tests were employed for the statistical analysis at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The addition of recycled PMMA significantly improves the wettability of acrylic resin (P ≤ 0.05). The aging process had a significant impact on the wettability of control and study groups. The wettability of control and study groups increased with aging and this increase was directly associated with the aging time till 1 year of aging, their wettability started to decline although it remained less than that after 1 month of aging.

Conclusion:

It has been concluded that the incorporation of recycled PMMA significantly improves the wettability heat cured acrylic resin. The wettability of the aged control and study group was significantly affected by aging times.
Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Versus Conventional Flowable Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chatra Akshatha , Nair Prathap M. S. , D’Costa Vivian Flourish , Kukkila Jayaprakash , Mayya Arun , Chatra Laxmikanth , Mayya Shreemathi S.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:

As an emerging yet underexplored innovation in dentistry, self-adhesive flowable composites (SAFCs) represent a promising and enduring advancement in the dental material technology. Our study aims to evaluate the shear bond strength of two SAFCs and the bonding of conventional flowable composite (CFC) to permanent dentin.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks, with the occlusal third removed to expose the underlying dentin. A cylindrical mold was positioned on the treated dentin surface and filled with the composite resin material to be evaluated. The prepared permanent dentin surfaces were randomly assigned to three groups based on the following application protocols: Group 1: Axo Uni Flow (AXIMACK, India); Group 2: Constic (DMG, Germany); and Group 3: 37% phosphoric acid etchant + Single Bond Universal + Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE, USA). The shear bond strength of the prepared specimens was measured by using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance, followed by Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner pairwise comparisons.

Results:

Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE, USA) demonstrated higher shear bond strength values when compared to Constic (DMG, Germany) and Axo Uni Flow (AXIMACK, India). A significant difference was found between these materials. However, the shear bond strength of the two SAFCs tested did not differ significantly.

Conclusion:

The investigation’s findings suggest that the SAFCs exhibited inferior shear bond strength compared with CFCs when bonded with permanent dentin.
Infusion of 20% Human Albumin Reduces the Requirement of Intraoperative Intravenous Fluids in Patients Undergoing Open Gastrointestinal Oncosurgeries – A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Tripathi Poornima , Gurajala Indira , Kar Akhya Kumar , Madhav Thumma Venu , Gunturi Surya Ramachandra Varma , Jonnavithula Nirmala
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:

The optimal strategy for intraoperative fluid management in patients undergoing major abdominal oncosurgery remains undecided. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of 20% intravenous (IV) albumin on the requirement of IV fluids (IVFs) during open gastrointestinal (GI) cancer surgeries.

Methods:

This randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care centre from August to October 2022 after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed written consent from the study subjects. Forty patients were randomised to either Group A (n = 20), receiving an IV infusion of 25 mL/h of 20% albumin, or Group C (n = 20), receiving an IV infusion of 25 mL/h of plasmalyte for 4 h (total 100 mL). Fluid and vasopressor administration was guided by systemic and pulse pressure variations. The primary outcome was the intraoperative requirement for IVF in the two study groups. The secondary outcomes included intraoperative IV vasopressor requirement, serum lactate levels, incidence of post-operative complications and length of hospital stay.

Results:

After the exclusion of three patients due to intraoperative bleeding, 37 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients in Group A (n = 19) required less IVF (3.92 ± 0.54 mL/kg/h) as compared to Group C (n = 18) (5.03 ± 1.20 mL/kg/h) (P < 0.001). Four patients (22%) in Group C required intraoperative noradrenaline IV infusion (P = 0.040). There was no significant difference between the two groups, regarding the mean intraoperative serum lactate values, incidence of post-operative complications and mean length of hospital stay (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

A 100 mL of 20% human albumin as an IV infusion over 4 h reduced the requirement of IV fluid and vasopressor intraoperatively in patients undergoing open GI cancer surgery.
Postoperative Sedation in Free Microvascular Tissue Transfer in Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparison of Fentanyl and Morphine
Authors: Hemrajani Manisha , Joad Anjum Khan , Bansal Sachin , Sharma Hitesh , Jaiswal Monica
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:

Head-and-neck cancer surgeries with microvascular free flap reconstruction require endotracheal tube retention for 24–48 h postoperatively. Many regimes have been used for analgesia and sedation. The efficacy of fentanyl and morphine for post-operative analgosedation was compared by evaluating the need for additional sedatives to achieve optimum sedation scores. The secondary objective included analgesia, haemodynamic stability and a re-exploration rate.

Methods:

This was an open-label prospective study. A sample size of 36 was calculated in each group with α = 0.05 and a power of 80% to detect a 50% difference between the groups. Ninety adult patients were allocated to receive either fentanyl (Group F) or morphine (Group M). The Richmond agitation sedation score, Behavioural pain scale score, requirement of rescue hypnotic drug, pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and re-explorations were recorded postoperatively. Haemodynamic parameters and sedation were analysed by two-way repeated measures of analysis variances. Pain scores were analysed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

When titrating to optimal sedation, in Group M, more patients needed intravenous midazolam boluses (n = 42, 93.3%) as compared to Group F (n = 33, 73.3%) (P = 0.011). More subjects in Group M required propofol infusion (n = 15, 33.3%) than in Group F (n = 4, 8.9%) (P = 0.009). Mean behavioural pain scores were significantly higher in Group M (score 1: P = 0.005 and score 2: P =0.001). The difference in the mean systolic, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate and re-exploration rate between the two groups was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:

For analgesia-based sedation of spontaneously breathing intubated patients after head-and-neck cancer reconstructive surgeries, fentanyl is more effective than morphine in terms of ease of titration, sedation quality and analgesia. Both are safe for post-operative sedation regarding haemodynamic stability, tube retention and maintenance of spontaneous respiration.