bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prefoldins are novel regulators of molecular mechanism associated with unfolded protein response in artemisinin resistant P. falciparum malaria
Authors: Singh Shailja , Shoaib Rumaisha , Parveen Nidha , Kumar Vikash , Behl Ankita , Garg Swati , Chaudhary Preeti , Balaya Rex Devasahayam Arokia , Saini Monika , Maurya Preeti , Gupta Nutan , Kumari Jyoti , Jain Ravi , Biswas Shreeja , Pandey Kailash , Abid Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Emerging Artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium demands novel drugs that can target artemisinin resistance mechanism to manage resistant parasites. ART resistance is attributed by mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) Kelch-13 (PfK13) gene, however a study showed that artemisinin resistance is linked with up-regulated expression of unfolded protein response pathways involving Prefoldins (PFD) of malaria parasite. Here, we functionally characterized all Pf Prefoldin subunits, the causative links responsible for providing artemisinin resistance. PfPFD-6 interacts with PfK13 and this phenotype was confirmed in yeast orthologous system to show that Prefoldin decrease the sensitivity of artemisinin in mutant strains. Expression of Prefoldin subunits was upregulated in artemisinin resistant line Pfk13R539T, underscoring their significance in providing artemisinin resistance. PfPFD1-6 localize in the cytosol, and these subunits interact in an orchestrated manner (-PFD3-PFD2-PFD1-PFD5-PFD6-PFD4-) to form a jelly-fish like complex. We identified an FDA approved drug ‘Biperiden’ that restricts the formation of Prefoldin complex and inhibits its interaction with key parasite proteins, MSP-1 and α-tubulin-I. Moreover, Biperiden treatment inhibits the parasite growth in Pf3D7 artimisinin sensitive and resistant line. Overall, our study provides novel virtues towards understanding the role of PfPFDs in artemisinin resistance mechanism, and opens new avenues for the management of resistant parasite.
Ideological Ambiguity and Political Spectrum
Authors: Galindo-Silva Hector
Published: November 2023

This study examines the relationship between ambiguity and the ideological positioning of political parties across the political spectrum. We identify a strong non-monotonic (inverted U-shaped) relationship between party ideology and ambiguity within a sample of 202 European political parties. This pattern is observed across all ideological dimensions covered in the data. To explain this pattern, we argue that centrist parties are perceived as less risky by voters compared to extremist parties, giving them an advantage in employing ambiguity to attract more voters at a lower cost. We support our explanation with additional evidence from electoral outcomes and economic indicators in the respective party countries.
JEL classification: D72.
Active control of bulk photovoltaic effect in CuInP2S6 via flexoelectric engineering
Authors: Li Jiangyu , Yu Junxi , Huang Boyuan , Yang Songjie , Zhang Yuan , Bai Yinxin , Ming Wenjie , Liu Wenyuan , Wang Junling , Li Changjian , Wang Qingyuan
Published: November 2023

Bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) offers an interesting approach to generate a steady photocurrent in a single-phase material under homogeneous illumination, and it has been extensively investigated in ferroelectrics exhibiting spontaneous polarization that breaks inversion symmetry. Flexoelectricity breaks inversion symmetry via strain gradient in the otherwise nonpolar materials, enabling manipulation of ferroelectric order in the absence of electric field. Combining these two effects together, we demonstrate active mechanical control of BPVE in suspended 2-dimensional CuInP2S6 (CIPS) that is ferroelectric yet sensitive to electric field, which enables practical photodetection devices with order of magnitude enhancement in performance. It is found that the suspended CIPS exhibits 20-fold increase in photocurrent, which can be continuously modulated by either mechanical force or light polarization angle. The flexoelectrically engineered photodetection device, activated by air pressure and without any optimization, possesses a responsivity of (2.45 x 10-2) A/W and a detectivity of (1.73 x 1011) Jones, which are superior to ferroelectric-based photodetection and comparable to the commercial Si photodiode.
Testis-specific gene C7orf61 is involved in mouse sperm–egg fusion
Authors: Wu Yong , Zhang Zeng , He Chihua , Deng Qiong
Published: November 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of chromosome 7 open reading frame 61 (C7orf61) in the testis and determine its role in spermatogenesis. Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the expression characteristics of C7orf61 in mice and humans. In vitro fertilization assay was used to determine the role of the C7ORF61 protein in sperm-egg fusion. The results demonstrated that C7orf61 was a testis-specific gene; the C7ofr61 mRNA expression level sharply increased in the fourth postnatal week and gradually increased until the adult stage. The C7ORF61 protein was located throughout the subacrosomal area and close to the nucleus in both mouse and human sperm. The incubation with the C7ORF61 antibody significantly decreased the fertilization rate of mouse eggs. The present findings suggested that the C7ORF61 protein might be involved in sperm–egg fusion, and could serve as a useful target for contraceptives. However, further research is still needed to know the detailed molecular mechanism of its role.
Lenvatinib targets STAT-1 to enhance the M1 polarization of TAMs in hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Sun Peng , Li Zhenfeng , Yan Zaojun , Wang Zhaofeng , Zheng Peng , Wang Mingliang , Chang Xu , Liu Zihao , Zhang Jianxin , Wu Huiyong , Shao Wenbo , Xue Dewen , Yu Jinming
Published: November 2023

Lenvatinib, a multi-target kinase inhibitor, has been proven to be effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been previously demonstrated that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor tissues could promote HCC growth, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, the lenvatinib has certain immunomodulatory activity in the treatment of HCC. However, the role of lenvatinib to the macrophages polarization in the HCC treatment has not been fully explored. In this article, we used a variety of experimental methods both in vitro and in vivo, to investigate the effect of lenvatinib on tumor-associated macrophages in HCC progression. The results showed for the first time that the lenvatinib could alter the macrophages polarization status both in human and mice. Meanwhile, Macrophages which treated with lenvatinib in vitro displayed the enhanced M1 activity and suppressed the proliferation, invasion, migration of liver cancer cells. Furthermore, in the progression of M1 polarization induced by lenvatinib, STAT-1 was the main target transcription factor and STAT-1 activity inhibition could reverse the effect caused by lenvatinib. Altogether, the present study provided a theoretical basis for the immunomodulatory function of lenvatinib in the treatment of HCC.
The refinement of drug safety governance based on contradiction matrix
Authors: yao ye , Yang Fan , Zhang WenXue
Published: November 2023

To construct the contradiction matrix of the refinement of drug safety governance is to provide innovative ideas to solve the difficult problem of drug safety governance. And from this to promote the refinement of drug safety governance and ensure people's safety. The contradictory matrix in TRIZ theory is used to provide innovative ideas. Firstly, To sort out the problems of multiple subjects in drug safety governance based on problem orientation. Secondly, problem parameterization, that is, drug safety governance issues are transformed into the corresponding management parameters, and forming 18 parameters of drug safety governance refinement. Thirdly, The contradiction matrix of the refinement of drug safety management was constructed by combining the principles of 40 inventions. Finally, The practical application value of contradiction parameters and contradiction matrix constructed by case demonstration analysis. The contradiction matrix can be applied to the field of drug safety governance. The constructed parameters of the refinement of drug safety governance can better represent the problem attributes in drug safety governance. The contradiction matrix can provide decision-making aid and innovative ideas for solving problems in drug safety governance.
Assessing the causal relationship between mitochondria-associated proteins and chronic liver diseases：a comprehensive Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: guo ziwei , Ye Wangyu , Wang Jiuchong , Lv Wenliang
Published: November 2023

Mitochondria-related proteins (MRPs) and chronic liver diseases have been linked in various studies, although their causal relationship has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the causal associations between MRPs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation(MR) analysis.The random-effect Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary analysis for causality analysis while MR-Egger and Weighted Median (WM) as complementary analyses. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. In addition, we performed bonferroni correction,multivariable MR analysis(MVMR),reverse causality detection and protein–protein interaction(PPI) network to enrich the results of this study.After rigorous genetic variant selection, IVW, sensitivity analysis, 3 genetically determined MRPs were significantly associated with NAFLD [MRPL33 (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11, p = 0.0284), MRPL34 (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.98, p = 0.0294) and FARS2 (OR : 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97, p = 0.0120)], 2 MRPs were significantly associated with liver cirrhosis[MICU1 (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00-1.22, p = 0.0337) and NUDT8 (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03–1.30, p = 0.0096)], and 4 MRPs were significantly correlated with HCC [MRPL32 (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–0.99, p = 0. 0492), MRPL33 (OR:1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.55, p = 0.0063), SCO1 (OR:0.56, 95% CI. 0.38–0.83, p = 0.0036) and SIRT5 (OR:0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.96, p = 0.0283)].Our findings provide a new perspective on the exploration of the underlying mechanisms of chronic liver diseases. However, further studies are still needed to explore the mechanisms of possible potential causal associations between MRPs and chronic liver diseases.
MRI-Based Microthrombi Detection in Stroke with Polydopamine Iron Oxide
Authors: Jacqmarcq Charlène , Picot Audrey , Flon Jules , Rubio Marina , Lebrun Florent , de Lizarrondo Sara Martinez , Naveau Mikael , Malzert-Fréon Aurélie , Bernay Benoît , Goux Didier , gauberti Maxime , Vivien Denis , Bonnard Thomas
Published: November 2023

The primary goal of treatments for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is to restore cerebral blood flow in occluded vessels through thrombolysis, either in conjunction with thrombectomy or as a standalone procedure. However, even after successful recanalization, downstream microcirculation may still be obstructed by microvascular thrombosis leading to compromised brain reperfusion and cognitive decline. Regrettably, identifying these microthrombi through non-invasive methods remains challenging. For this specific purpose, we developed the PHySIOMIC (Polydopamine Hybridized Self-assembled Iron Oxide Mussel Inspired Clusters), an innovative MRI-based contrast agent which unmasks microthrombi in vivo. In a mouse model of thromboembolic ischemic stroke, our findings demonstrate that PHySIOMIC generate a distinct hypointense signal on T2*-weighted MRI in the presence of microthrombi, as confirmed by histological analysis. The extent of hypointense signal at the onset of stroke displayed a correlation with the lesion sizes observed 24 hours post-stroke. Mice treated with thrombolytic agents exhibited a disappearance of the hypointense signal, validating effective thrombolysis of microthrombi. Our microfluidic studies revealed the role of fibrinogen present in the protein corona composition for the targeting of PHySIOMIC to microthrombi. Furthermore, we established the degradation patterns of these particles within the liver and spleen over time. The PHySIOMIC particles offer an innovative and valuable tool for non-invasive in vivo diagnosis and monitoring of microthrombi, using MRI during AIS.
Accessibility to Palliative Care Services in Colombia: An Analysis of Geographic Disparities
Authors: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio , León Marta Ximena , Rodríguez-Campos Luisa Fernanda , Escobar Lina María Vargas , Cabezas Laura , Tamayo-Díaz Juan Pablo , Piñeros Angela Cañon , Manosalva Nidia Mantilla , Fuentes-Bermudez Genny Paola
Published: November 2023

Objectives
Due to the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and the Colombian demographic transition, the necessity of palliative care has arisen. This study used accessibility and coverage indicators to measure the geographic barriers to palliative care.
Methods
Population-based observational study focused on urban areas and adult population from Colombia, which uses three measurements of geographic accessibility to services: a) density of palliative care services per 100,000 inhabitants, b) analysis of geographic distribution by territorial nodes of the country, and c) spatial analysis of palliative care services using Voronoi diagrams. ArcGIS Pro software was used to map services’ locations and identify geographic disparities.
Results
A total of 504 palliative care services were identified, of which 77% were primary health care services. The density of palliative care services in Colombia is 1.8 primary care services per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.4 specialized services per 100,000 inhabitants. The average palliative care coverage is 41%, two regions of the country have a coverage below 30%. Twenty-eight percent of the services provide care for a population greater than 50,000 inhabitants within their coverage area, exceeding the acceptable limit by international standards.
Conclusions
Palliative care services are concentrated in three main regions (Bogotá D.C., the Center, and the Caribbean) and are limited in the Orinoquia and Amazonia nodes. Density of specialized palliative care services is extremely low and there are regions without palliative services for adults with palliative needs.
A numerical model for vertical two-dimensional non-hydrostatic free surface flows
Authors: En-nefkhaoui Hakim
Published: November 2023

In this paper we describe the development of a two-dimensional vertical non-hydrostaticnumerical model for simulating free surface flows. The model is basedon the solution of the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations inthe sigma-coordinate system. The governing equations are discretized using the finite difference approximation on non-staggered grid and solved based on the algorithm of a projection method, which consists of combining the momentum and continuity equations to establish a Poisson-type equation for the pressure. To predict the moving free surface elevations, the depth-integrated continuity equation is used and solved explicitly by the total variation diminishing Lax-Wendroff scheme. To circumvent the limitations of overly restrictive time steps due to a high aspect ratio between horizontal and vertical spatial discretization. We adopt a strategy based on a split between the advection-diffusion part and the projection part. The advection-diffusion is also split so that it is treated implicitly in the vertical direction and explicitly in the horizontal direction. This discretization technique has enabled us to group the resulting finite difference equations with the appropriate boundary conditions in the form of linear tridiagonal systems with the intermediate velocities as unknowns, which can be efficiently inverted using the Thomas algorithm. The model has been applied to simulate five benchmark-tests of surface wave motions. Comparison between numerical results, analytical solutions and experimental data demonstrates asatisfactory performance.
MSC Classification: 65M06, 65N06, 76D05, 76M20, 76D33
Accurate and Flexible Single Cell to Spatial Transcriptome Mapping with Celloc
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Yin Wang , Wu Xiaobin , Chen Linxi , Wan You
Published: November 2023

Accurate mapping between single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and low-resolution spatial transcriptomics (ST) data compensates for both the limited spatial resolution of ST spots and the inability of scRNA-seq to preserve spatial information. Here, we developed Celloc, a deep learning non-convex optimization-based method for flexible single-cell-to-spot mapping, which enables either dissecting cell composition of each spot (regular mapping) or predicting spatial location of every cell in scRNA-seq data (greedy mapping). We benchmarked Celloc on simulated ST data where Celloc outperformed state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and robustness. Evaluations on real datasets suggested that Celloc could reconstruct the spatial pattern of cells in breast cancer, reveal spatial subclonal heterogeneity of ductal carcinoma in situ, infer spatial tumor-immune microenvironment, and signify spatial expression patterns in myocardial infarction. Together, the results suggest that Celloc can accurately reconstruct cellular spatial structures with various cell types across different histological regions.
Surface Plasmon Based Optical Data storage Devices using Graphene Nanoholes
Authors: A SILPA P
Published: November 2023

We present a high-capacity optical data storage device using nanohole engraved graphene film structure. Nanoholes will work as plasmonic structure such that normally incident radiation can be coupled into surface plasmons without the use of prism-coupling based total internal reflection, as in the classical Kretschmann configuration. Simulations based on Finite Differential Time Domain (FDTD) were carried out to numerically calculate the reflectance - from different type of nano-hole structures - as a function of the localized refractive index of the media around the SPR (Surface plasmon resoanace) holes. Our calculations indicate substantially higher differential reflectance signals, on localized change of refractive index in the narrow hole plasmonic gratings, as compared to those obtained from conventional SPR-based sensing system. In this work, the simulations of the structure were done using Lumerical simulations software. Finally graphene filim –nanohole based surface resonance structures was fabricated using chemical vapour deposition and laser ablation techniques. The viability of the structure towards data storage is verified using Raman spectroscopy and UV spectroscopy
Affect Valuations Predict Emotional Response to Future Exam Success and Failure
Authors: Yoon Sunkyung , Rottenberg Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Does what a person desires to feel (affect valuation) predict their future affective reaction to salient life events? We tested this idea in the context of an exam, a salient achievement-oriented event for college students. One to two weeks prior to taking an exam, 180 university students rated their ideal affect, depression symptom severities, and provided affective forecasts for how they would react to exam failure and success. On the day when students received their exam scores, they rated their actual emotional response to the exam outcomes. Higher levels of ideal positive affect predicted greater positive affective responses to exam success. This prediction held even after controlling for affective forecasting, depression levels, and the exam score itself. Higher levels of ideal negative affect predicted greater negative affective reactions to exam failure, but did not survive parallel statistical controls. Results suggest the possibility that ideal affect performs motivational functions, particularly for positive affective states.
Exosomal miR‑301a‑3p of airway epithelial cells regulates macrophage polarization and promotes lung injury via the GATA1 pathway in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Lu Xiaoxiao , Ma Wentao , Gao Jing , Liu Qiuhong , Zhao Shilong , Li Jing , Hu Chunling , Yu Xiao , Yao Mengying
Published: November 2023

Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and macrophage polarization is critical for its pathogenesis. Exosomes are crucial inflammation mediators; however, airway epithelial cell-derived exosome functions and their mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods: We investigated effects of airway epithelial cell-derived exosomes on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS in mice. Exosomes isolated from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of phosphate-buffered saline or LPS-treated mice were injected to C57BL/6 wild type mice intratracheally; macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion, and cell apoptosis were examined. In an in vitro co-culture system, human macrophage precursor (THP-1) was co-cultured with these exosomes.
Results: LPS-induced exosomes promoted M1 macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion, and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro co-culture models. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that miR-301a-3p-mediated LPS-Exosomes (LPS-Exo) functioned via targeting GATA1 downstream pathway in macrophages. Administering miR-301a-3p mimic significantly aggravated LPS-Exo-induced M1 macrophage polarization, inflammatory response, and lung injury, which was partially reversed by miR-301a-3p inhibitor. The miR-301a-3p mediated LPS-Exo function via upregulating the GATA1/NF‑κB and downregulating GATA1/Akt pathways in macrophages.
Conclusions: Exosomal miR-301a-3p derived from airway epithelial cells aggravates ARDS development via inducing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting lung injury via activating the GATA1 pathway.
Migrating Foreign Bodies of Penis: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Xiaoyun , Ke Ying , Qiu Aixin , Wen Lijie , Xv Xiaolong , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2023

Background Only a few cases have been reported about active foreign body implantation in the cavernous body of the penis, in addition to therapeutic penile prosthesis.Case Presentation: A 47-year-old man inserted two needles from the glans into the bilateral penile sponge body. Subsequently, two needles moved along the penile cavernous body into the pelvic cavity. Attempts to remove the needles through the penis were unsuccessful. Finally, after more than a month, the displaced needles were removed in stages from the buttocks.Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first case of walking foreign bodies of penis in China. In this condition, it is imperative to engage the expertise of experienced andrologists to minimize the risk of excessive manipulation, thereby ensuring that the needle does not inadvertently penetrate deep into the penile tissue. Clinicians should be aware of the possible psychological issues in patients and prioritize protecting their mental well-being along with the safety of medical workers.
Association between pericardial effusion and aortic dissection in a patient with endothelial damage and permeability caused by Takayasu arteritis: a case report
Authors: Mitsuishi Atsuyuki , Tao Miyako , Edo Naoki , Miura Yujiro , Saitou Ren
Published: November 2023

Background
Patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA) can present with aortic dissection (AD). Pericardial effusion is extremely rare in TA, and the association between pericardial effusion and progression to AD is unclear.
Case presentation:
We present a 51-year-old male patient who had a previous history of ulcerative colitis 20 years ago and who was treated with steroids and immunosuppressants. His fever and inflammatory reaction worsened without gastrointestinal symptoms. Based on his fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and computed tomography scan results and clinical symptoms, he was diagnosed with TA. Eight days before surgery, the patient developed complete atrioventricular block, and a pacemaker was placed. Coronary artery computed tomography scan was performed to closely examine the coronary arteries. Ascending AD was discovered incidentally, and ascending aortic replacement was performed.
Conclusions
Some patients with TA exhibited high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was produced as a result of endothelial damage associated with disease activity. Patients showed high disease activity soon after the diagnosis of TA. VEGF increases vascular permeability and can cause pericardial effusion, similar to AD pathogenesis. As intimal rupture is one of the initial events of AD, changes in the intimal structure result in endothelial cell dysfunction, thereby increasing vascular endothelial permeability, which is a mechanism of pericardial effusion in AD. Pericardial effusion in AD is an ominous clinical predictor of poor outcomes and is the leading cause of mortality. Because TA with pericardial effusion may have a similar pathogenesis and vascular condition in AD, caution should be exercised when pericardial effusion is noted in patients with TA, which could be a sign of high vascular activity that possibly progresses to AD, especially immediately after diagnosis. Hence, cautious follow-up via computed tomography may be useful.
Stage-Wise Data Balancing Promoting Toe-tapping-based Classification of Parkinson's Disease Progression using Smart Insoles
Authors: Wang Ya , Hua Rui , Almuteb Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Given the slow progression nature of Parkinson's Disease (PD), accurate stage classification is predominant for effective disease management. Traditional clinical evaluations, often based on brief physician-patient interactions, can miss nuanced disease progressions. With their continuous monitoring capabilities and bolstered by recent machine learning (ML) advancements, wearable devices such as monitoring insoles (MONI) present a promising solution. However, capturing a comprehensive dataset spanning all PD stages is challenging, leading to data imbalances. These imbalances can cause ML models to favor the majority class, achieving high accuracy but compromising clinical relevance. To address this inherent challenge in PD data, we identified two most effective sampling methods: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and Tomek-Links. We compared their data balance performance using toe-tapping datasets collected from PD patients and their age-matched healthy controls (HC) wearing MONI. Additionally, we utilized SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for ranking to ascertain each technique's efficacy and verify the top factors contributing to PD stage classification, relating these factors to the underlying mechanisms or symptoms of PD. Data balancing enhanced stage classification by 5-7% compared to the original dataset. Our findings show that with SMOTE and Tomek-Links balanced data, we were able not only to improve the accuracy and robustness of stage classification but also observed the model emphasizing features that have a direct relation to each stage rather than favoring the HC majority class, thus ensuring a model is tailored to the PD domain.
Ki-67 labeling index predicts tumor progression patterns and survival in patients with atypical meningiomas following stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Morshed Ramin A. , Katano Atsuto , Shinozaki-Ushiku Aya , Saito Nobuhito
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This study investigated whether Ki-67 labeling index (LI) correlated with clinical outcomes after SRS for atypical meningiomas.
Methods
This retrospective study examined 39 patients with atypical meningiomas who underwent SRS over a 10-year study period. Ki-67 LI was categorized into 3 groups: low (< 5%), intermediate (5–10%), and high (> 10%). Local tumor control rates (LCRs), progression-free rates (PFRs), disease-specific survival (DSS) rates, and adverse radiation-induced events (AREs) were evaluated.
Results
The median follow-up periods were 26 months. SRS was performed at a median prescription dose of 18 Gy for tumors with a median Ki-67 LI of 9.6%. The 3-year LCRs were 100%, 74%, and 25% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups, respectively (p = 0.011). The 3-year PFRs were 100%, 40%, and 0% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.003). The 5-year DSS rates were 100%, 89%, and 50% in the low, intermediate, and high LI groups (p = 0.019). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed a significant correlation of high LI with lower LCR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–13.04, p = 0.026), lower PFR (HR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.46–9.88, p = 0.006), and shorter DSS (HR, 6.55; 95% CI 1.19–35.95, p = 0.031) compared with intermediate LI. The ARE rates were minimal (8%) in the entire group.
Conclusion
Patients with high Ki-67 LI showed significantly more tumor progression and tumor-related death. Ki-67 LI might offer valuable predictive insights for the post-SRS management of atypical meningiomas.
Endometriosis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Pingping , Wang Yifei , Liu Yicheng , Zhang Hongwei , Fu Shuangqing , Zhang Zhibo , Guo Lijun , Ma Xiaochang
Published: November 2023

Background
Observational studies have shown associations between endometriosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). But residual confounding and the potential for reverse causality are inevitable in such routine observational studies. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the causal effect of endometriosis on CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), hypertension and Stroke.
Methods
We utilized publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from European participants in the UK Biobank and Finnish databases. Instrumental variables (IVs) associated with endometriosis and CVD were identified and used IVs to investigate the genetic causal relationship between them. MR analyses were performed using various analytical methods, including Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and Weighted Median. Tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity were performed to assess the reliability of causality.
Results
MR analysis showed that endometriosis was associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.9990, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.9981–0.9998, P = 0.0191), which may be a protective factor. However, this significance disappeared after applying the Bonferroni correction. Endometriosis was identified as a risk factor for CHD (OR = 1.0025,95%CI: 1.0005–1.0046, P = 0.0164), but this significance was lost after Bonferroni correction. Endometriosis was identified as a risk factor for MI (OR = 1.0018, 95%CI: 1.0005–1.0032, P = 0.0058), which remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Genetic associations between endometriosis and other CVD were not significant.
Conclusions
MR studies have shown that genetic predisposition to endometriosis is significantly associated with the risk of myocardial infarction, and may be associated with the risk of CHD and hypertension. However, the causal relationships between endometriosis and AF, HF and Stroke need to be further explored.
Evaluating adherence, tolerability and safety of oral calcium citrate in elderly osteopenic subjects: a real-life non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Minisola Salvatore , Barale Marco , Barbaro Daniele , Mansueto Francesca , Battaglia Santina , Bonaccorsi Gloria , Caliri Santina , Cavioni Alessandro , Colangelo Luciano , Corbetta Sabrina , Coretti Federica , Dito Giorgia , Gavioli Valentina , Ghigo Ezio , Giannattasio Raffaele , Lapi Paola , Maiorana Blas , Marra Costanza , Mazzantini Maurizio , Morini Elisabetta , Nannipieri Fabrizio , Nuzzo Vincenzo , Parri Fabiana , Perna Simone , Santori Rachele , Procopio Massimo
Published: November 2023

Background: Osteoporosis is a common concern in the elderly that leads to fragile bones. Calcium supplementation plays a crucial role in improving bone health, reducing fracture risk, and supporting overall skeletal strength in this vulnerable population. However, there is conflicting evidence on the safety of calcium supplements in elderly individuals.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence, safety and tolerability of calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects.
Methods: In this non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study, subjects received daily 500 mg calcium citrate supplementation for up to one year. Adherence was calculated based on compliance and persistence. Safety was assessed through adverse reactions (ARs), deaths, and clinical laboratory evaluations.
Results: A total of 268 Caucasian subjects (91.4% female, mean age 70±4.5 years) participated in the study. Mean adherence to treatment was 76.6±29.5% and half of subjects had an adherence of 91% and ~33% of participants achieved complete (100%) adherence. ARs were reported by nine (3.9%) subjects, primarily gastrointestinal disorders, with no serious ARs. The frequency of all adverse events (including ARs) was significantly higher in subjects with adherence of <80% (41.6%; 32/77) vs. those with adherence ≥80% (11%; 16/45, p<0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline to follow-up visit (change of -2.8±13.9 mmHg, p=0.0102 and -2.1±10.4 mmHg, p=0.0116, respectively).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated favorable adherence to calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects. The occurrence of ARs, though generally mild, were associated with lower adherence to calcium supplementation.
Ecotoxicological effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) ontogeny: A study on antioxidant system, oxidative stress and cholinergic system
Authors: Macarini Leanna Camila , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt , Szinwelski Neucir
Published: November 2023

Brazil is an important global agricultural producer and to increase production the country has extensively used glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), surpassing consumption and sales records. Consequently, concerns have arisen regarding the potential impact of GBH on ecosystems and non-target organisms. Thus, the effects of GBH exposure were evaluated throughout the cricket Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis ontogeny, with five developmental stages. Each period contained 3 control and 3 treated boxes, with 15 crickets each, resulting in 90 insects at a time. The control groups received water, while the treated ones were continuously exposed to GBH (0.864 mg.GBH.L-1), with the solutions changed every 48 hours. After each exposure time the crickets’ group were euthanized to assess the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GST, GR, GPx, and CAT), cholinergic enzymes (ChE), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results revealed changes in the systems throughout different developmental phases. Specifically, CAT activity exhibited a significant increase during the nymphal phase, associated with the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide. The GST increased GBH, indicating its role in cellular detoxification, particularly during adulthood. In the senescence stage there was a considerable rise in ChE enzymes, suggesting their involvement in both, choline esters breakdown and potential pesticide detoxification. The action of these enzymes to effectively control lipid peroxidation shows the adaptability of this species to environmental contamination. These findings underscore the long-term effects of agrochemical pollution and emphasize the importance of sustainable practices, effective regulations, and alternative weed control methods.
Developing Appropriate Learning Behaviors in L2 Learners: Investigating the Impact of Consciousness Raising Tasks on Recall and Retention of Collocations
Authors: Isaee Hossein , Barjesteh Hamed
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of consciousness-raising tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ ability to recall and retain collocations. The study analyzed 60 female students aged between 18 and 25, who were at an intermediate level of English. They were selected from a language school in Tehran, Iran, and were homogeneous in terms of their language proficiency. A piloted sample of the Preliminary English Test (PET) was given to both intact classes. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned, with 30 students in each. To ensure that both groups had equal knowledge of collocations, they were given a teacher-made multiple-choice test of collocations as a pretest. The treatment group received corrective feedback, such as clarification requests, repetitions, and meta-linguistic clues. The control group received the same instruction without feedback. After an eight-week treatment period, both groups were tested on their ability to recall collocations with an immediate post-test. One month later, the researchers gave the experimental group a delayed posttest to see how well they retained the learned grammatical collocations. The participants in the experimental group shared their thoughts and feelings about the effectiveness of the consciousness-raising (C-R) techniques used during the treatment. The written reports were analyzed and classified according to the frequency of the concepts and points presented, and the most prominent ones were reported. The analysis of the immediate and delayed post-test data revealed that receiving C-R tasks significantly improved the recall of collocations among EFL learners. The experimental group, which received C-R tasks, performed better than the control group in the posttest. The study found that learners’ retention of collocations is not affected by time, therefore C-R task practices enable retrieval during comprehension and retention. The findings can help learners and practitioners develop appropriate learning behaviors.
Global existence of non-Newtonian incompressible fluid in half space with nonhomogeneous initial-boundary data
Authors: Chang Tongkeun , Jin Bum Ja
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigate the global existence of weak solution of non-Newtonian incompressible fluid governed by \eqref{maineq2}. When $u_0 \in \dot B^{\alpha-\frac{2}{p}}_{p,q}({\mathbb R}^{n}_+) \, \cap \,\dot B^{ 1 - \frac4{n+2}}_{\frac{n+2}2,\frac{n+2}2}({\mathbb R}^{n}_+) \,\cap \, \dot B^{ 1 +\frac{n}p}_{p,1} (\R_+)$ is given, we will find the weak solution for the equations \eqref{maineq2} in the function space $C_b ([ 0, \infty; \dot B^{\alpha -\frac2p}_{p,q} ({\mathbb R}^n_+))$, $ n+2 < p < \infty, \,\, 1 \leq q \leq \infty, \,\, 1 + \frac{n+2}p < \alpha < 2$. To show it, we will show the exisence of weak solution in the anisotropic Besov spaces $\dot B^{\alpha, \frac{\alpha}2}_{p,q} (\R_+ \times (0, \infty))$ (see Theorem \ref{thm-navier}) and we will show the embedding $\dot B^{\alpha, \frac{\alpha}2}_{p,q} (\R_+ \times (0, \infty) \subset C_b ([ 0, \infty; \dot B^{\alpha -\frac2p}_{p,q} ({\mathbb R}^n_+))$ (see Lemma \ref{lemma1208}). For the global existence of solution, we assume that the extra stress tensor $S$ is represented by $S({\mathbb A}) = {\mathbb F} ( {\mathbb A}) {\mathbb A}$, where ${\mathbb F}(0) $ is uniformly elliptic matrix and
\begin{align*}
|\big( {\mathbb F}({\mathbb A}) -{\mathbb F}(0) \big) {\mathbb A} - \big( {\mathbb F}({\mathbb B})- {\mathbb F}(0) \big){\mathbb B}| \leq o(\max ( |{\mathbb A}|, |{\mathbb B}|) ) |{\mathbb A} -{\mathbb B}| \quad \mbox{at zero}.
\end{align*}
Note that $S_1$, $S_2$ and $S_3$ introduced in \eqref{0207-1} satisfy our assumption.
Fog Forecast Model based on Machine Learning
Authors: Almeida Manoel Valdonel , França Gutemberg Borges , de Almeida Vinícius Albuquerque , Bonnet Suzanna Maria
Published: November 2023

This study introduces an innovative approach for fog forecasting based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. It involved utilizing eighteen years of surface and sounding meteorological data from Guarulhos International Airport and nearby Marte Airfield for training and testing ML models. Multiple categorical algorithms were trained and evaluated, with the top three models selected for further investigation. The results of the study highlight that the best-performing model, which is based on the Random Forest algorithm, can provide reasonably accurate predictions for the occurrence of fog. Specifically, it forecasts fog occurrence within a time window from 03 to 11 UTC with a reasonable degree of accuracy (Proportion Correct = 0.90 ± 0.03, Probability of detection = 0.96 ± 0.03, False Alarm Rate = 0.33 ± 0.01, Critical Success Index = 0.65 ± 0.02, and Bias = 1.43 ± 0.05). Additionally, the method indicates the most likely time for the onset and dissipation of fog events based on historical data. This research offers valuable insights into improving fog forecasting at the Guarulhos International Airport and demonstrates the potential of ML algorithms in enhancing predictive accuracy for weather-related events.
I’ve really struggled but it does not seem to work: Adolescents’ experiences of living with ADHD – a thematic analysis
Authors: Zetterqvist Vendela , Öster Caisa , Oremark Anna , Myllys Lotta , Meyer Jenny , Ramklint Mia , Isaksson Johan
Published: November 2023

In Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the transition from childhood to adolescence encompass changes in symptom manifestation and related problems. Given the potential negative impact of ADHD on adolescents, and the increased risk for dropping out from treatment, there is a need to understand more about how adolescents experience their condition. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ perceptions of how it is to live with ADHD. Twenty adolescents (15–17 years old, 12 girls) diagnosed with ADHD who had completed a skills training group were interviewed. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: I find it hard to regulate what I take in and what comes out, I’ve really struggled but it does not seem to work, It impacts my vitality and my relationships, and I can be successful and things are getting better. The findings are discussed in terms of self-regulation, emotional impact, emotional dysregulation and loss of control versus empowerment.
Red cabbage extract contained sodium alginate/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers as pH-responsive food packaging
Authors: Banadkooki Maryam Zare , Ziabakhsh Zahra Sadat , Sohrabi Amin , Khatibi Alireza , Taheri Alireza , Tehrani Mohsen Ebrahim , Reyhanipour Hamed Sourian , Mohammadi Fateme , Zahedi Payam
Published: November 2023

Red cabbage extract is a natural pH indicator and its use in polysaccharides is applicable to provide smart food packaging. In this study, we investigated the performance of sodium alginate (SA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers containing red cabbage extract (RCE) prepared by electrospinning method. The optimum volume ratio of SA: PVA (60:40) and the addition of RCE [2% (w/v)] to the polymeric solution were determined based on morphological uniformity and minimal average diameter of the nanofibers around 212.1 nm, and 217.2 nm, respectively. The presence of RCE in the SA: PVA nanofibrous sample was confirmed in accordance with appearing stretching carbon double bond at 1648 cm-1 and UV absorption of 310 nm. Moreover, RCE insertion in the SA: PVA (60: 40) blend nanofibers exhibited the increase of surface hydrophobicity a few and significant change in the crystallinity of the polymers. Eventually, the pH responsibility of the RCE contained SA: PVA nanofibers was evaluated via color alteration against different pH values (2–11). The obtained results revealed that the pH ascending led to a severe color change from light red to purple and then green. These findings showed that the recommended sample has high potential in smart food packaging application.
Anticancerous effect of bioactive compounds derived from the aqueous extract of Seaweed Laurencia karachiana Bibi
Authors: surendran vijayalekshmi , RENUGA F. BRISCA
Published: November 2023

Cancer is one of the major non-communicable disease affecting 18 million patients worldwide. It is reported to be the second most lethal disease in the world. The development of anticancer drugs using natural products obtained from marine organisms has been proposed as an alternative approach. Natural origins are the main origins for approved drugs in the treatment of cancer, occupying almost 60%. In this context, it is significant to develop natural products in cancer treatment. Seaweeds have bioactive compounds that show cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines. Therefore, the present investigation undertakes to explore the anticancer activity of Laurencia karachiana Bibi. The A549 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line) and L929 (Mouse embryo fibroblast cell line) are purchased from NCCS, Pune, India. MTT assay were conducted to find out the antioxidant and anti-cancerous activity. The aqueous extract of L. karachiana shows a concentration dependent anti-oxidant activity and is cytotoxic in nature on Human lung cancer (A549) cells with IC50 value of 56.85 µg/ml and non-cytotoxic in nature on Mouse embryo fibroblast (L929) cells with IC50 value of 219.05 µg/ml. The MTT assay results suggest that the given test compound exhibit cytotoxic and anti-cancer activity against human lung cancer cells without affecting any toxic potency on Normal mouse fibroblast cells.
Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants as promising inhibitory agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-reductase (InhA)
Authors: Fawibe Oluwasegun O. , Lawal Bolanle R. , Mustafa Abdulwakiil A. , Bankole Abidemi O. , Poku Samuel A.
Published: November 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global public health challenge. Targeting enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA), an enzyme involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis, is a promising path to discovering an effective treatment for tuberculosis. This study assessed the inhibitory potential of bioactive compounds from four medicinal plants (Garcinia kola, Moringa oleifera, Newbouldia laevis, and Ocimum gratissimum) and control drugs (Isoniazid and Ethionamide) against InhA. Molecular docking and computational tools were used to evaluate the binding affinities and interactions with InhA's active site. Drug-likeness, binding affinities, bioactivity, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) attributes were determined using online tools. Ten out of twenty-three bioactive compounds studied were screened out due to their violation of Lipinski's, Ghose's, Veber's, Egan's, or Muegge's rules. Interestingly, the remaining thirteen compounds showed stronger binding affinities with InhA than those of the control drugs, depicting them as potential anti-tuberculosis drugs. The binding energy of the bioactive compounds ranged from − 8.0 to -9.5 kcal/mol while those of Isoniazid and Ethionamide, were 6.1 kcal/mol and − 6.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Also, the compounds exhibited hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and π stacking interactions with the active site residues of the protein; hence, contributing to their potential as antituberculosis agents. The ADMET property of each of the hit ligands predicted its ability to effectively reach and remain at the target protein to exert its therapeutic influence. The study depicts that the screened bioactive compounds exhibited more favorable docking interactions with the target protein than the control drugs, potentially contributing to tuberculosis treatment.