bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Опыт изучения перфорированной слюды из комплекса начального верхнего палеолита Монголии: трасологический анализ и датирование 40Ar/39Ar методом
Authors: Хаценович Арина Михайловна , Зоткина Лидия Викторовна , Шелепаев Роман Аркадиевич , Шелепов Ярослав Юрьевич , Гунчинсурэн Бямбаа , Одсурэн Давахуу , Рыбин Евгений Павладьевич , Олсен Джон Уилфред
Published: January 2020

Иногда в археологическом контексте могут быть обнаружены удивительные находки, которые не поддаются изучению классическими методами в силу своей уникальности. Небольшая тонкая пластина слюды со сверлением была обнаружена в 2015 г. на памятнике Харганын-Гол-5 в Северной Монголии. Комплекс горизонта 5, в контексте которого она найдена, определен нами как начальный верхний палеолит, датируемый временем около 38 тыс. лет назад (некалиброванных). Поскольку ни в один типологический ряд по украшениям эта пластина слюды не попадает, ее определили как предмет неутилитарного назначения. Использование слюды человеком фиксируется только с неолита, когда ее стали добавлять в тесто для керамики, а позднее, в Средневековье, она стала предметом торговли, поскольку использовалась в качестве оконных «стекол». Ее появление в комплексе начального верхнего палеолита поставило задачу доказать ее антропогенную модификацию, а поскольку слюда этого типа -мусковит — является довольно редкой, представилась возможность определить, откуда она была привнесена в бассейн Средней Селенги. Однако простого определения ее химического состава оказалось недостаточно. В статье мы приводим пример изучения этого предмета с позиций трасологии и геохимии. Впервые для территории Центральной Азии с помощью датирования 40Ar/39Ar методом стало возможным определить источник происхождения каменного сырья. Экспериментальное перфорирование мусковита также осуществляется впервые в мировой практике и выявляет специфику модификации этого типа сырья.
Scientific Misconduct, Kuhnian Scientific Revolutions and Scientific Ethics.
Authors: Tung H.Y. Lim
Published: January 2020

With increased occurrences of Scientific Misconduct in the form of Scientific Misconduct, Scientific Fraud and Dishonest Scientific Report being reported in leading Scientific Journals and in the regular press, it is befitting to ask whether Kuhns Theory of Scientific Revolutions foresaw the epidemic that afflicts the Scientific World and Enterprise. This analysis reflects that even though Thomas Kuhn did not deal directly with Scientific Misconduct, Scientific Fraud and Dishonest Scientific Report, his theory excludes Data fabrication, Data Falsification and Dishonest Scientific Report as part of scientific discoveries. A proposal to prevent or eradicate the committing of Scientific Misconduct, Scientific Fraud and Dishonest Scientific Report is put forward for discussion purposes.
PARADIGMA PERUBAHAN SOSIAL PERSPEKTIF CHANGE AGENT DALAM AL-QURAN (Analisis Tematik Kisah Nabi Yusuf as)
Authors: Dianto Icol
Published: January 2020

Social change can be studied through the classical theory of sociology, which is known as the theory of historical circle. This theory explains that history is a recurring process.Social change is not moving along a straight line but rather it follows a circle. According to the theory, history becomes a decisive factor in the process of social change. Historical events cannot be separated from the actors of history (actor), namely the leaders that ultimately affect the course of changes that occur in society. This paper  attempts to present the study of social change perspective of history of a great man, namely the Prophet Yusuf. The success of the Prophet Yusuf inrescuing the Egyptians from the long drought deserves to be studied, both his position as the messenger of Allah and his status as a human being who has its own charm. Using the thematic interpretation method to interpret Quranic verses and fenomenological analysis methods to analyze topics related to the social phenomena contained in the story of Prophet Yusuf, this research founds that the concept of social change in the story of Yusuf lies on three aspects, namely the integrity of solid sturdiness, the concept of clear social change, and the planned process of social change. Perubahan sosial dapat dikaji melalui teori klasik sosiologi yakni teori lingkar sejarah. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa sejarah merupakan proses yang berulang, perubahan sosial tidak bergerak menurut garis lurus melainkan melingkar. Menurut teori tersebut, sejarah menjadi faktor penentu dalam proses perubahan sosial. Peristiwa sejarah tidak dapat dipisahkan dari pelaku sejarah (actor), yakni profil orang besar yang pada akhirnya mempengaruhi jalannya perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi pada masyarakat. Dalam paper ini penulis berupaya menyajikan kajian perubahan sosial perspektif sejarah orang besar, yakni Nabi Yusuf as. Keberhasilan Nabi Yusuf as menyelamatkan rakyat Mesir dari masa kemarau yang panjang patut untuk dikaji, baik posisinya sebagai utusan Allah dan statusnya sebagai manusia biasa yang memiliki daya tarik tersendiri. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis tafsir tematik untuk menafsir ayat-ayat al-Quran dan metode analisis fenomenologi untuk menganalisis topik yang terkait dengan fenomena sosial yang ada dalam kisah Nabi Yusuf. Penulis mendapatkan konsep perubahan sosial dari kisah Yusuf as atas tiga aspek, yaitu integritas ketokohan yang mantap, konsep perubahan sosial yang jelas dan proses perubahan sosial yang terencana.
PERSEPSI PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA ALUN-ALUN KOTA PASURUAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN RELOKASI
Authors: Ramdani Taufiq
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is to know how street vendors response to the Relocation Policy at a square city of Pasuruan. This research employs a mixed method.  A quantitative approach is the main approach,  while qualitative approach is the supporting one (mixing method). To the main approach (quantitative)  is represented by survey method using Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis as a tool to analyse factors that affect street vendors’ interpretation to the relocation policy. The supporting approach (qualitative) is represented by “in-depthinterview” using Miles and Huberman interactive analysis as a tool in answering something that be related by emic meaning perspective from research that cannot be explained through quantitative approach alone.The results show that during the introduction stage, the relation of stimulus and street vendors’ response to relocation policy formed negatively. Negative interpretation shows that street vendors at the Pasuruan Town Square see relocation policy as a threat of their businesses. Factors that affect the interpretation tendency are limited knowledge on the policy consequence, hope, ability, service, facility, socialization, and ethnicityPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menginvestigasi persepsi Pedagang Kaki Lima Alun-Alun Kota Pasuruan terhadap kebijakan relokasi serta factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah Mixing Method. Untuk pendekatan utama (kuantitatif) menggunakan metode survei, menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman Rank untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interpretasi PKL terhadap kebijakan relokasi. Sedangkan pendekatan pendukung (kualitatif) diwakili in-depth-interview, menggunakan analisis interaktif Miles&Huberman sebagai perangkat untuk menjawab aspek emik penelitian. Persepsi PKL terhadap kebijakan relokasi adalah negatif. Artinya, mayoritas PKL yaitu 60 orang (89,55 %) memaknai kehadiran kebijakan relokasi sebagai ancaman bagi kelangsungan usaha mereka. Adapun PKL yang mempersepsi positif 4 orang (5,97 %) dengan pemaknaan bahwa kebijakan relokasi merupakan peluang bagi perkembangan usaha. Sedangkan PKL yang menginterpretasi kebijakan relokasi secara ambivalens sebanyak 3 orang (4,47). Artinya PKL memaknai kebijakan relokasi dalam keraguan di antara ancaman dan peluang bagi kelangsungan dan perkembangan usaha. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interpretasi PKL terhadap Kebijakan Relokasi adalah : (1) Faktor Pengetahuan (pengetahuan tentang konsekuensi dari kebijakan, pengetahaun tentang aturan berdagang di lokasi baru, dan pengetahuan tentang strategi atau cara-cara menyiasati usaha agar dapat bertahan dan berkembang di tengah persaingan ketat di lokasi baru), (2) faktor harapan atau kemauan, (3) faktor kemampuan (kemampuan strategi-teknis, kemampuan ekonomi), (4) faktor pelayanan, (5) faktor fasilitas, (6) faktor sosialisasi, dan (7)  faktor etnisitas.
TRADISI NGAJAHUL: Fikih Pemakaman dan Kohesi Sosial Pada Masyarakat Muslim Priangan
Authors: Suryana Yayan
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the death rituals carried out by Muslims in the Priangan region known as ngajahul. Ngajahul is done on the sixth or seventh day after the death.  Ritual analysis of the death illustrates that the ritual  is not only a spiritual-fiqhiyyah aspect, but also has a role in describing social relations. The graveyard  or a cemetery, is not only shows the grave, but also describes the relationship between the deceased, the family and the social environment. This research usesa sociological perspective to produce the concept of relationship between rituals of death and society, especially related to the issue of maintaining social cohesion. This concept illustrates that rituals of thedeath are not as depicted in recitation forums that see the death rituals as a tradition loaded with spiritual nuanced. Ngajahul is a tradition that also produces social interaction and involvement in social life simultaneously Tulisan  ini menyajikan sebuah analisis tentang ritual kematian yang dilakukan oleh umat Islam di wilayah Priangan yang dikenal dengan istilah ngajahul.  Ngajahul dilakukan pada hari ke enam atau ketujuh setelah kematian. Analisis  mengenai ritual kematian menggambarkan bahwa ritual kematian bukan hanya merupakan aspek yang bersifat sipiritual-fiqhiyyah, namun juga memiliki peran dalam menggambarkan relasi sosial. Bangunan kuburan yang terhampar di tempat pemakaman, bukan hanya menunjukkan kuburan an sich, tetapi juga menggambarkan relasi antara orang yang meninggal, keluarga dan lingkungan sosialnya. Penelitian dengan cara pandang normatif-sosiologis ini menghasilkan konsep bahwa  ritual kematian  dan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat muslim dalam berbagai aspeknya  disebut sebagai mengandung kohesi sosial.  Konsep ini memberikan gambaran bahwa ritual kematian tidaklah sebagaimana digambarkan dalam forum-forum pengajian  yang melihat ritual kematian  sebagai tradisi yang sarat dengan  ritual yang bernuansa spiritual. Ngajahul merupakan tradisi yang menghasilkan  interaksi sosial dan keterlibatan-keterlibatan dalam kehidupan sosial yang diproduksi secara bersamaan.
Sclerotium rolfsii, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Hippeastrum sp.
Authors: Sektiono Antok Wahyu , Djauhari Syamsuddin , Pertiwi Putri Devinta
Published: January 2020

Sclerotium rolfsii, a the Causal Agent of Stem Rot Disease on Hippeastrum sp.Symptoms of stem rot that cause Hippeastrum sp. or red lily wither, leaves turn yellow, and eventually die found at Mangliawan Village, District of Pakis, Malang - East Java. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogens that cause root rot disease on lily plants and find out their host range. Sclerotium from the symptomatic base of the plant was isolated on potato dextrose agar medium. Fungus was identified based on the morphological characteristics of the colonies and mycelium. Host range test of pathogen was carried out by manual inoculation on Rain lily (Zephyranthes) St. Bernard's lily (Chlorophytum) and Beach Spider lily (Hymenocallis). The results of the identification showed that the fungus had white mycelium and formed sclerotium. Sclerotium is irregularly rounded, white when young, and dark brown when ripe, and forms 10 days after incubation. In hyphae, there are branching, septa, and clam connections. Based on the morphological characteristics of the disease the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. In the host range test, the fungus was able to infect rain lilies and paris lilies, but not in spider lilies. This is the first report of S. rolfsii infection in lily in Indonesia.
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 15 No. 1, Maret 2019
Authors: Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Editor
Published: January 2020

Editorial ini berisi cover depan, halaman redaksi dan cover belakang Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, Volume 15, No. 1, Maret 2019.
LANGUAGE AND DISCOURSE IN NIGERIAN EDUCATION: HISTORIC IMPLICATION OF GENDER ISSUES
Authors: OFFIONG EKWUTOSI ESSIEN
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the influence and power of language in education in Nigeria from the precolonial to colonial and post-colonial times. This is with regards to the effect of language on gender issues within the country. Nigeria, a country on the west coast of Africa is multi-ethnic with over 150 (one hundred and fifty) ethnic groups with their different indigenous languages and cultures. As a colony of the British, the Christian missionaries who first introduced western form of education in Nigeria used the British English language as a medium of communication and subsequently with the establishment of colonial administration in the country, English language was made the official language of the country. This paper contains a critical analysis of the use of English Language in the country and its implications on communication in social and economic interactions of individuals within the various communities across the country.  It argues that the proliferation of the English language was through education of which the male gender benefitted more than their female counterparts due to the patriarchal dominance in the country. The data for the study was collated from random interviews and other written sources. The research discovered that the knowledge and ability to speak fluently and write the English language had a direct influence on the socio-political and economic status of individuals within the country. The women who benefitted from this were comparatively fewer than the men due to some prevailing conditions of what could be called in the present the subjugation of women the society. Critical discourse analysis is adopted for this study. It argues that English language dependency by Nigerians shows that forms of the colonial experience is still evident and these were all initiated during the past interactions with west through the transatlantic slave trade and colonial rule. This is because discourse as a social construct is created and perpetuated by the persons who have the language power and means of communication. The Nigerian family being of a conservative orientation derives its power directly from the father who is the patriarch of the family as obtained in the traditional set up of communities and the Nigerian society in general. This has grave effect on the opposite gender
Marathon, Hurdling, or Sprint? The Effects of Exam Scheduling on Academic Performance
Authors: Goulas Sofoklis , Megalokonomou Rigissa
Published: January 2020

Would you prefer a tighter or a more prolonged exam schedule? Would you prefer to take an important exam first or last? We exploit quasi-random variation in exam schedules across cohorts, grades and subjects from a lottery to identify distinct effects of the number of days between exams, the number of days since the first exam, and the exam order on performance. Scheduling effects are more pronounced for STEM exams. We find a positive and a negative relationship between STEM scores and exam order (warm-up) and number of days since the first exam (fatigue), respectively. In STEM, warm-up is estimated to outweigh fatigue. Marginal exam productivity in STEM increases faster for boys than for girls. Higher-performing students exhibit higher warm-up and lower fatigue effects in STEM than lower-performing students. Optimizing the exam schedule can improve overall performance by as much as 0.02 standard deviations.
Applicability of Hydrological Models for Flash Flood Simulation in Small Catchments of Hilly Area in China
Authors: Xin Zhuohang , Shi Ke , Wu Chenchen , Wang Lu , Ye Lei
Published: January 2020

Flash flood in small catchments of hilly area is an extremely complicated nonlinear process affected by catchment properties and rainfall spatio-temporal variation characteristics including many physical-geographical factors, and thus accurate simulation of flash flood is very difficult. Given the fact that hundreds of hydrological models are available in the literature, how to choose a suitable hydrological model remains an unsolved task. In this paper, we selected five widely used hydrological models including three lumped hydrologic models, a semi-distributed hydrological model and a distributed hydrological model for flash flood simulation, and studied their applicability in fourteen typical catchments in hilly areas across China. The results show that the HEC-HMS distributed hydrological model outperforms the other models and is suitable to simulate the flash floods caused by highly intense rainfall. The Dahuofang model (lumped) has higher precision in peak runoff time simulation. However, its performance is quite poor on the flood volume simulation in the small catchments characterized by intense vegetation coverage and highly developed stream network. The Antecedent precipitation index and Xinanjiang models (lumped) can obtain good simulation results in small humid catchments as long as long-term historical precipitation and runoff data are provided. The TOPMODEL also shows good performance in small humid catchments, but it is unable to simulate the flash floods characterized by the rapid rise and recession. Our results could be very beneficial in practice, since these provide a solid foundation in the selection of hydrological model for flash flood simulation in small catchments in hilly area.
Embodiment in concept-based L2 grammar teaching: The case of German light verb constructions
Authors: Suñer Ferran , Roche Jörg
Published: January 2020

German light verb constructions are especially challenging for advanced L2 learners because of the abstract meaning of the different verbs and the high degree of lexico-grammatical variety. Acknowledging that language is a symbolic system representing humans’ perception of the world and is thus strongly linked to embodied experiences, this study explores the potential of bodily engagement in the form of multimedia animations for leveraging the learning of embodied concepts related to light verb constructions. To this end, thirty-nine French-speaking learners of German were divided into two groups: The first group worked with animations illustrating the embodied nature of light verb constructions and performed specific tasks that set out to trigger mental simulation of relevant embodied concepts; the second group was presented with form-based explanations and completed tasks focusing on the different categories of light verb constructions. The results show that the use of bodily engagement in the form of multimedia animations led to significantly better performance and contributed to some extent to changing students’ attitudes about how grammar can best be learned.
A new record and phylogenetic position ofNotiosorex crawfordi(Eulipotyphla, Soricidae) with distribution in Zacatecas, Mexico, using mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Álvarez-Córdova Fernando , Rosas-Valdez Rogelio , Martínez-Salazar Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2020

A unique record of the desert shrew in Zacatecas, Mexico, is known and has been collected since 1897 in the locality “El Plateado” within the municipality of El Plateado de Joaquin Amaro, Zacatecas. On October 2016, two specimens were collected from the municipality of Susticacán, Zacatecas, Mexico. A morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of cytochromeboxidase of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were implemented. Morphology and the phylogenetic trees that were recovered by using maximum-likelihood (ML) confirmed the identity of these specimens asNotiosorex crawfordi. This is the second record for the species in Zacatecas, Mexico, after 121 years.
The function of lysosomes and their role in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zunke Friederike
Published: January 2020

Lysosomes are cellular organelles that are important for the degradation and recycling of various biomolecules. Specialized lysosomal membrane proteins, as well as soluble enzymes, are important for the efficient turn-over of lysosomal substrates. A deficiency in the degradative capacity of lysosomes leads to severe pathologies referred to as lysosomal storage disorders. There is increasing evidence for the importance of lysosomal function in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. One reason for this might be the vulnerability of neuronal cells. Since neurons do not undergo further cell division, non-degraded substrates accumulate in aging cells, causing a buildup of toxicity. Recent genomic screenings identified a number of lysosome-associated genes as potential risk factors for Parkinson’s disease, which are discussed in this review. Moreover, it is outlined how targeting lysosomal function might help in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Assessment of Sulfate-Induced Heave in Chemically Treated Soils Using a Novel Hybrid Sensor
Authors: Talluri Nagasreenivasu , Congress Surya S. C. , Bheemasetti Tejo V. , Puppala Anand J. , Yu Xiong
Published: January 2020

Highway agencies frequently encounter problems caused by sulfate-induced heave in lime- and cement-treated subgrades. A thorough evaluation of sulfate-related risks for subgrades involves time-consuming laboratory tests. A real-time monitoring of the sulfate heaving phenomenon in the test section in the real field environment would provide a quick performance evaluation of sulfate soils treated with chemical additives. This would help transportation agencies in producing resilient pavements with low maintenance issues. This article presents an innovative hybrid sensor comprising a bender element and time domain reflectometry that can evaluate sulfate-related heave in real time. The new sensor was calibrated in the laboratory by studying the strength and stiffness behavior of three chemically treated high-sulfate soils. Following laboratory calibration, the sensor was embedded in lime-treated field sections, where the changes in moisture and stiffness were monitored simultaneously in real time. Field testing proved that the sensor was able to provide data to assess sulfate-induced heaving in the field. This article details the development of this sensor that can save millions of dollars for transportation agencies in the better stabilization design for sulfate soils.
All-cause mortality in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant: an ACROSTUDY analysis
Authors: Tritos Nicholas A , Mattsson Anders F , Vila Greisa , Biller Beverly M K , Klibanski Anne , Valluri Srinivas , Hey-Hadavi Judith , Kelepouris Nicky , Jimenez Camilo
Published: January 2020

Objective

To examine all-cause mortality rates in patients with acromegaly on pegvisomant and identify pertinent risk factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I).

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis of data from ACROSTUDY (global surveillance study of patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant).

Methods

Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox regression techniques were used to examine survival rates. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with reference to general population (WHO GBD 2016) were estimated. Multiplicative multiple Poisson regression models were used to characterize the association between SMR, IGF-I, and other risk factors associated with mortality risk.

Results

The study consisted of 2077 subjects who were followed for a median interval of 4.1 years, contributing to 8957 patient-years. Higher on-treatment IGF-I (P = 0.0035), older attained age (P < 0.0001), and longer duration of acromegaly (>10 years) before starting pegvisomant (P = 0.05) were associated with higher mortality rates. In reference to general population rates, higher SMR (1.10, 1.42, and 2.62, at attained age 55 years) were observed with higher serum IGF-I category (SMR trend: 1.44 (44%)/per fold level of IGF-I/ULN (95% CI: 1.10, 1.87), P = 0.0075). SMR increased per year of younger attained age (1.04 (1.02–1.04), P < 0.0001) and were higher for longer disease duration (>10 years) before starting pegvisomant (1.57 (1.02, 2.43), P = 0.042). Serum IGF-I levels within the normal range during pegvisomant therapy were associated with all-cause mortality rates that were indistinguishable from the general population.

Conclusions

Higher on-treatment IGF-I, older attained age, and longer duration of acromegaly before starting pegvisomant are associated with higher all-cause mortality rates. Younger patients with uncontrolled acromegaly have higher excess all-cause mortality rates in comparison with older patients.
Horizonte político de la religión
Authors: Guillermo Zapata, S, J
Published: January 2020

La política y la religión siempre han estado estrechamente relacionadas en tanto que ambas dependen de la manera en la que el hombre se ve a sí mismo y al mundo que lo rodea. Pero una de las características principales de la democracia, el sistema político mayormente aceptado en el mundo de hoy, es su secularización. La democracia ya no permite tronos, y la religión ha sido reducida a una posibilidad de tantas que tienen los individuos al momento de elegir cómo quieren vivir sus vidas. No obstante, todo sistema político implica una religión diferente, y viceversa. La democracia no es de hecho el momento del fin de la religión, sino una reconfiguración absoluta de la experiencia religiosa que podría llegar a ser considerada la más auténtica de todas. El presente artículo investiga la mutua dependencia entre política y religión a partir de la cosmovisión que el hombre tiene de sí mismo en el contexto de la democracia asumiendo el desafío planteado a la libertad religiosa desde el horizonte político que se propone como tarea el camino de la paz
La cuestión reforma o revolución en la obra de Rosa Luxemburgo
Authors: Buitrago Rojas Andrea Paola
Published: January 2020

Este artículo tiene por objeto mostrar el planteamiento elaborado a lo largo de su vida y obra por Rosa Luxemburgo en relación con la dicotomía revolución o reforma. Tal investigación permitió a la autora hacer desde una edad temprana una advertencia sobre el revisionismo y sus peligros en el marco de la socialdemocracia y más específicamente en relación con el proyecto socialista. Igualmente, este análisis permitió una lectura anticipada de las causas y los efectos de la primera y la segunda guerras mundiales sobre el socialismo, al caracterizar las manifestaciones revisionistas dentro del Partido Socialdemócrata Alemán (spd, por sus siglas en alemán). la conclusión de Luxemburgo es que los métodos reformistas terminaronpor subsanar las crisis del capitalismo imposibilitando el desarrollo del proyecto político de un partido revolucionario con una apuesta por el socialismo.
Del capitalismo como religión, una lectura paradójica de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Roberto Alba Nelson Fernando
Published: January 2020

El artículo propone un análisis del opúsculo “Del capitalismo como religión”, del filósofo alemán Walter Benjamin, a la luz de una po­sible paradoja que subyace al texto. Según esta el capitalismo es un fenómeno religioso que, en vez de redimir las culpas de los creyentes, los condena a una culpa/deuda eterna, de modo que constituye una “religión de la desesperación absoluta”. La lectura benjaminiana de la deuda/culpa se presenta aquí fuertemente atravesada por la impronta crítica de la lectura nietzscheana del origen de la “mala consciencia” formulada en De la genealogía de la moral. En este sentido, el texto busca establecer algunos puntos de convergencia y de divergencia entre Nietzsche y Benjamin en cuanto al papel de la deuda y la culpa en el cristianismo y su relación, no siempre evidente, con el capi­talismo. Para ello establezco tres momentos. Inicialmente, enuncio algunos rasgos de la religión capitalista a partir del fragmento “Del capitalismo como religión”. Posteriormente, analizo las categorías de deuda y culpa en el texto de Nietzsche y las pongo en relación con las consideraciones de Benjamin. Finalmente, siguiendo la formulación del filósofo de la Escuela de Fráncfort, enuncio a modo de hipótesis la lectura nietzscheana del Übermensch y la inocencia del devenir como una posible salida al culto capitalista.
Justicia semiótica. Violencia, contrasemiosis de la imagen y producción social de lo público en la lucha por justicia y memoria de los estudiantes de Ayotzinapa, México
Authors: Martínez Abarca Mateo
Published: January 2020

El presente ensayo propone una lectura de la lucha por la memoria de los 43 estudiantes desaparecidos de la Escuela Normal Rural “Raúl Isidro Burgos” en Ayotzinapa, estado de Guerrero (México), desde la perspectiva de la disputa sobre la representación de la violencia. En una primera parte se intentará reflexionar sobre la violencia de Estado y las masacres actuales en México como materializaciones de la necropolítica (Mbembe, 2011, p. 35), entendida como instrumento consustancial a un proyecto de acumulación capitalista de tipo neoliberal, que ha sido definido como capitalismo gore (Valencia, 2010, p. 189). En segundo lugar, se reflexionará sobre el problema de la imagen como mercancía en el contexto de la producción espectacular de una cultura del miedo. Finalmente se intentará reflexionar sobre una posible contrasemiosis que libere la imagen, para favorecer la producción social de una ex­periencia de lo público en el horizonte de lucha por la justicia para las víctimas.
Conservación de suelos mediante la modificación de la frecuencia de labranza: Un caso en Costa Rica
Authors: Gómez-Calderón Natalia , Estrada-León Raciel Javier
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: En Costa Rica, los productores hortícolas labran el suelo cada seis meses, usando sistemas convencionales que pulverizan la capa arable y provocan degradación. [Objetivo]: Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes tipos de labranza con el fin de recomendar variaciones en la gestión de la de mecanización de suelos. [Metodología]: Se establecieron tratamientos de labranza cero (T1), convencional (T2) y reducida (T3) en un suelo franco-arenoso (Fa). Se determinó el contenido de materia orgánica (MO), densidad aparente (Da), conductividad hidráulica (k), resistencia a la penetración (RP) y retención de humedad (RH), antes de cada tratamiento (T0) y después de seis meses. También, se midieron variables de operación del tractor usado. [Resultados]: Se determinó la necesidad de lastrar el tractor para rotar el suelo y tener mejor eficiencia, debido al derrape del eje delantero en T2 (-34.81 %). T2 mostró aumentos de MO (p<0.05), por efecto a corto plazo del corte superficial de la cobertura vegetal y Da aumentó (p<0.05) a los 30-45 cm en T1, debido a que no hubo pase de arado de cincel. Ninguno tratamiento cambió la condición de k moderada hasta los 30 cm de profundidad. T3, mejoró RP (p<0.05) hasta los 30 cm de profundidad debido al pase de arado de cincel. La RH no experimentó cambios (p<0.05). [Conclusiones]: Por la ineficiencia de operación y a que no hay mejora física del suelo en el corto plazo, no es necesario labrar cada seis meses, lo que reduciría las tasas de erosión de la zona.
Ultrasound tissue characterization - to measure matrix integrity and to quantify regenerative processes in equine tendons and ligaments
Authors: Van Schie Hans
Published: January 2020

Tendon injuries often threaten the athletic career of performance horses. There may be single overloading but frequently the injury is the result of a gradual matrix degradation, initially without clinical signs, which may lead to impaired regenerative capacity. Another complicating factor is the lack of uniform pathology; frequently multiple stages of matrix integrity can be found and, therefore, there is no cure-all treatment. Ultrasound Tissue Characterization (UTC) is designed for tomographic visualization and quantification of 3-D matrix integrity. UTC is based on standardized compilation of ultrasound-data by means of an ultrasound probe that moves automatically along the tendon’s long axis, collecting transverse images every 0.2 mm, generating a 3-D volume. UTC-algorithms can discriminate 4 different echo-types, related to size and integrity of structures in the matrix (van Schie et al. 2003):

Echo-type I, generated by intact and aligned fascicles with axial diameter ≥ spatial resolution.

Echo-type II, generated by discontinuous, waving and/or swollen fascicles with axial diameter ≥ spatial resolution.

Echo-type III, generated by a matrix mainly consisting of fibrils with axial diameter < spatial resolution.

Echo-type IV, generated by a mainly amorphous matrix and fluid.

Fundamental research with isolated tendons revealed that the ratios of these 4 echo-types are highly correlated with tendon matrix integrity, showing the discriminative power of UTC for tissue characterization (van Schie et al. 2009).Normal superficial digital flexor tendons in young mature horses are characterized by 80-90% type I, 10-15% type II and barely any type III and/or IV echoes. Loss of integrity is characterized by significant changes like decrease of type I, increase of type II (remodeling or inferior repair) and increase of type III (fibrillar) and/or IV (amorphous). Intra- and inter- observer reliability appeared to have intra-class correlations (ICC) ranging 0.92-0.98, indicative for excellent reproducibility. Clinical research revealed that UTC is sensitive and reliable to: • Monitor load-effects and detect matrix degradation (Plevin et al. 2019). Stage lesions for selection of appropriate intervention. • Quantify regenerative processes for objective evaluation of therapy and guided rehabilitation (Bosch et al. 2011).
The horse as a model for translational orthopedic research: examples of studies on the regeneration of cartilage and bone conducted in Costa Rica
Authors: Vindas Bolaños Rafael , Malda Jos , Van Weeren René , De Grauw Janny
Published: January 2020

The paper provides results published or to be published of long-term in vivo equine studies to evaluate techniques of possible regenerative matrices of cartilage and bone, by means of cell-free implants or stimulation of the bone marrow. From the fixation techniques analyzed, it can be concluded that the best alternatives are the pressure technique for subchondral defects and a novel hydrogel with self-adhesive capacity for chondral defects. The equine coxal tuberosity was used for the first time as a model for regeneration studies of bone defects, analyzing scaffolds based on tricalcium phosphate, polymers and nanoparticles, by means of 3-D printing. Osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and the importance of microporosity were documented.Given that decellularized materials do not always give significant desired results in the regeneration of cartilage, it is important to conduct long-term studies. The technique of nanofracture and a novel self-adhesive hydrogel in the knee of the equine showed promising preliminary results in the regeneration of cartilage.The knee and the coxal tuberosity of the horse represent models of studying cartilage and bone regeneration in a true translational sense as a source of highly valuable information for clinical studies, for both horses and humans.
SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SKIPJACK TUNA (Katsuwonus pelamis LINNAEUS, 1758) DI PERAIRAN TOLI-TOLI WATERS, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Authors: Chodrijah Umi , Hidayat Thomas , Wagiyo Karsono
Published: January 2020

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) was one of the export commodities, where the demand tends to increase. The high level of skipjack tuna exploitation leads to overfishing, so sustainable fisheries management was required. The objective of the research was to study the several aspects of biology including of length of weight relationship, sex ratio maturity stage, gonad somatic index (GSI), Length at first capture and length at first maturity. The research was conducted in February - December 2015 in Toli-toli, Central Sulawesi. The results showed that the skipjack  tuna growth pattern was allometrically positive, where growth weight was faster than the length increase. The  length of the first time capture skipjack tuna of pole and line was bigger than length at first maturity, it means the mostly skipjack tuna caught have already spawned. The spawning season was occur throughout the year with spawning peaks in April and September, fecundity ranging from 450,570 - 1,707,390eggs.
Digitalization of the Socio-Economic Complex of the Southern Federal District: First Results of Implementing the National Program
Authors: Mitrofanova Inna , Inshakova Elena , Ryabova Inna , Shcherbina Anastasia
Published: January 2020

The article studies the first results of implementing the state digitalization program in the Southern Federal District (SFD) of Russia. The paper reveals that the SFD federal entities got involved in the economy and social sphere digitalization with different intensities, and assesses the digitalization level in the district as a whole as insufficient to improve its position in the ranking (penultimate place in 2018). The significant differentiation of the regions of the SFD in the level of digitalization and the emerging tendency to gradually smooth out this gap due to the accelerated development of lagging regions, which surpass almost 2 or more times the average district growth rate of the digitalization index in 2018, are consistent with the all-Russian trends. The “digital divide” is more pronounced among the rural population compared with the urban one and less pronounced among organizations of the business and social sphere of the SFD. The presence of the digital divide in the technical, financial, territorial, demographic aspects and the insufficient level of the population digital literacy impede the implementation of the state digitalization program in the subjects of the SFD. This poses complex organizational, institutional and financial tasks for implementing the regional potential of digitalization before federal and regional authorities, business and society. The authors propose a set of measures to implement the high digitalization potential of the SFD regions, including launching in all constituent entities of the SFD and improving the quality of functioning of electronic services in the field of state and municipal administration, housing and communal services, transport, educational and medical services; growth in the share of full-service electronic services; increase in the number of people, especially older people, using the Internet, through implementing regional projects on increasing digital literacy; forming the personnel reserve of the digital economy, etc.
About Bracelets with Zoomorphic Ends from Dzhurga-Oba Necropolis in Eastern Crimea (Great Migration Period)
Authors: Mastykova Anna
Published: January 2020

The paper considers burial 40 of Dzhurga Oba necropolis in the Eastern Crimea. Two bracelets, elements of a prestigious female costume of the second half of the 5th century and weapons (sword elements) were found in the catacomb. It is possible that there were two inhumations – male and female ones. Two bronze gilded bracelets from this burial have gold zoomorphic endings in the form of heads, usually interpreted as dragons, and a hinged lock in the form of a disk. The origins of this type of bracelets should be sought in the traditions of Mediterranean jewelry art. Bracelets with a lock in the form of a plate on hinges appeared in the Mediterranean in the 2nd – 3rd centuries and existed until the 7th century (inclusive). It should be noted that there is a noticeable Byzantine / Mediterranean component in the female costume from Dzhurga Oba, which is represented primarily by the cloisonne inlay style jewelry – earrings, rings, bracelets. At the same time, the presence of a pair of brooches from the East German tradition indicates the mixed character of the female prestigious costume from Dzhurga-Oba, which is typical for the Cimmerian Bosporus of the Great Migration Period.
Cloisonne Zoomorphic Mounts of the Early 5th Century from Kertch: Function and Meaning
Authors: Furasiev Aleksey
Published: January 2020

Among the finds from two vaults of the late antique necropolis of Bosporus discovered by robbers on June 24, 1904 there is a pair of zoomorphic mounts made in the technique of cloisonné inlay. In modern scientific literature, the issue of the interpretation and semantics of this zoomorphic image has not been considered so far. According to the author, the things reproduce the image of the Roman Capricorn. The composition of doubled figures or a protomes of these creatures turning their heads in different directions was first encountered on rare items of the Augustian time, most often on coins (1st c. BC – 1st c. AD). The composition in the form of a double Capricorn was first noted on the cameo of Augustus from the Metropolitan Museum (early 1st c. AD), as well as on the coins of Titus (79–81). In the period of 4th – 5th centuries, corresponding to the time of burials in the crypts, this composition was depicted on miniatures of Notitia Dignitatum reproducing shield emblems of various units of the late Roman army. Although the actual image of Capricorn on the emblems of Notitia Dignitatum is absent (most likely it is the result of some modernization carried out by medieval painters), this compositional principle of dual zoomorphic figures fully corresponds to the inlaid mounts from Kerch. It was suggested that these mounts found
in the crypts of “June 24, 1904” were also the emblems of any of the Roman legions mounted to the leather upholstery of the shield. Other details of the parade shields (gilded umbo and rivets) are represented in the materials from these burials.
Chronological Indicators of Post-Hunnic Steppe Antiquities in Eastern Europe
Authors: Kazanski Michel
Published: January 2020

The article discusses chronologically important things from the finds belonging to the steppe nomads of the Post-Hunnic periods in Eastern Europe, from the Urals to the Lower Danube (mid 5th – mid 6th centuries): weapons, horse equipment, elements of costume, jewelry. It should be noted that very similar types of these things prevail across the entire steppe area during the Post-Hunnic time, indicating the steppe nomad cultural homogeneity, regardless of their origin and ethnicity. Some things from the steppe graves of the time have a wider date and exist until the 7th century. Some things are typical for the early stage of the Post-Hunnic horizon, i.e. time around the middle – the second half of the 5th century. On the other hand, some things mark the end of the Post-Hunnic era and date back to the middle or second half of the 6th century. The date for most of the things examined here is established by external analogies, known in vast territories, which include the Western European and Balkan-Danubian regions. There the reasoned chronology of antiquities of the 5th – 6th centuries was developed, which is based on numerous coin finds and also on dendrochronology. Equally important for the chronology of steppe antiquities are analogs derived from the monuments of the sedentary population of the steppe borderlands, where there are numerous closed complexes. First of all, these are monuments of the North Caucasus, and the Crimea, on the chronology of which there are numerous studies. Some of the things we have considered belong to the prestigious “princely” culture and are of Mediterranean or Asian origin and thus reflect the cultural, military and political, economic ties of the steppe population and political orientation of the steppe “princely” elites in the Early Middle Ages.
Special Rituals, Rites and Customs of Treatment of Human Bodies (A Case Study of Sarmatian Cultures)
Authors: Balabanova Mariya , Pererva Evgeniy
Published: January 2020

This article presents characteristics of special rituals, rites and customs identified in Sarmatian cultures of Eastern Europe. For example, a group of prone burials of the Late Sarmatian time was distinguished in the course of the research. As shown by the comparative historical analysis of the prone burials, this society differed from other synchronous groups of the population in the relatively mass nature of such burials. Analysing the details of the burial rite does not provide an unambiguous explanation of the motivation of prone burials. Most likely human sacrifices and ritual killing of the elderly and old people were possible there, and such burials could be associated with harmfulness of the dead. In addition to this rite, a group of burials with the observed post-mortem and antemortem rites in relation to the head / skull was distinguished. First, this is decapitation and performance of certain rites with the head / skull. After this the skull was either placed in the burial or kept with the people (burials of postcranial skeletons). Second, the skull could be placed in a separate grave (partial burials). Third, after separation the skull could be subject to trepanation, which was a ritual function. Intravital trepanation was carried out for medicinal purposes. The rare rite of scalping can be attributed to military customs. Since the frequency of occurrence of special rites in relation to the skull and head in Sarmatian cultures is small, they could be connected either with the antemortem status or with the circumstances surrounding the death of a person. The most common practice was the custom of deliberate deformation of the head, which performed both utilitarian and symbolic functions.
About Metal Rings of the “Zubovsky-Vozdvizhenskaya Type” Adorned with Sculptured Anthropomorphic and Zoomorphic Images
Authors: Voroniatov Sergey
Published: January 2020

Metallic rings with sculpture images of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic types are known from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries amongst findings in Sarmatian burials of “Golden Cemetery” burial ground in the region of the Kuban river. These days they present a distinctive feature of the material culture of the Zubovsky-Vozdvizhenskaya group sites. Some analogous artifacts were found in mounds of the Volga river and Don river regions. There is no single definition for the functional use of such rings. The main reason for that is the fact that they had been found mostly in graves plundered in ancient times. The researchers assume them to be finials for some wooden structure, supports for vessels or elements of horsey harness. The hypothesis concerning harness seems to be better justified. In his first reports about findings of the rings with sculptured images N.I. Veselovskiy mentioned some fragments of leather remaining around the rings. Since in many cases those findings form pairs, it seems reasonable to assume them to be some symmetrical distributors of the belts for the horsey head harness.
Developing a Software Module to Automate the Process of Categorizing Objects of Critical Information Infrastructure
Authors: Goncharenko Julija , Golovin Andrej
Published: January 2020

This article presents a program for automating the process of categorizing critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation. The program for automating the process of categorizing critical information infrastructure objects is located on Windows 7 that provides consistent, logically verified work. When you run it, the user is given the ability to automatically enter data in the object scope, type, architecture. As a development environment for this software product PyCharm developed by JetBrains based on IntelliJ IDEA was used for Python programming language. The program provides libraries pyqt5, python-docxtemplate’s, pyinstaller. In the end of the program the objects of critical information infrastructure are identified as the outcome of importance (or not given) and create the resulting document in Microsoft Word (.docx). Thus, the developed software module for automating the process of categorizing critical information infrastructure objects allows to speed up the process making it easier to implement.