bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEUNIKAN SAPAAN DAN PANGGILAN DALAM BAHASA SASAK DIALEK NGGETO-NGGETE
Authors: Fakihuddin Lalu
Published: December 2019

Masyarakat suku Sasak pada umumnya dan penutur bahasa Sasak dialek nggeto-nggete, khususnya yang berdomisili di desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat memiliki perbedaan status sosial. Perbedaan status sosial ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, antara lain (1) status kebangsawanan, (2) status ekonomi, (3) tingkat pendidikan (tinggi rendahnya pendidikan seseorang), dan (4) status sosial karena seseorang telah menjadi haji. Variasi status sosial tersebut mempengaruhi kegiatan interaksi sosial, termasuk keunikan di dalam interaksi berbahasa, seperti cara menyapa, memberi salam, dan cara memanggil. Dengan kata lain, variasi-variasi tersebut menuntut cara menyapa, memberi salam, dan cara memanggil yang berbeda antara satu dan lainnya. Bagi masyarakat Wanasaba, perbedaan status sosial sangat berperan dalam mengubah bentuk sapaan/panggilan.
ANALISIS PERCAKAPAN BAHASA SASAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF GENDER: SEBUAH KAJIAN WACANA KRITIS
Authors: Setiawan Irma
Published: December 2019

Percakapan kerap digunakan sebagai media mentransfer ideologi para penutur. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk: mendeskripsikan representasi peran laki-laki atau perempuan Sasak dalam pilihan kosakata, dalam melakukan kendali interaksional, dalam struktur sintaksis, dan dalam pemakaian metafora dengan percakapan bahasa Sasak. Teori yang dipergunakan adalah teori wacana kritis model Norman Fairclough dan dilengkapi oleh teori Teun A. Van Dijk. Pengumpulan dilakukan dengan metode simak dan cakap (wawancara) serta teknik dasar dan turunannya, metode observasi, dan metode dokumentasi. Sumber data diperoleh dari para pemuda dan pemudi Sasak yang sedang berkomunikasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi secara sistematis, kategorisasi, dan pemolaan. Data disajikan secara formal dan informal. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini menghasilkan realita motif atau ideologi sikap komunikator yang memihak peran laki-laki atau perempuan Sasak dalam perspektif gender, yang kerap menimbulkan persinggungan fisik-psikis, seperti; pelecehan seksual, KDRT, dan bahkan dalam budaya kawin cerai.
IDENTIFIKASI KEBIMBANGAN TOKOH HASAN DALAM ROMAN ATHEIS KARYA ACHDIAT KARTA MIHARDJA
Authors: Bahri Syaiful
Published: December 2019

Tokoh Hasan berada dalam posisi tarik-menarik antara dunia lama dan dunia baru. Dengan kata lain, Hasan berada di dunia “antara”, antara dunia lama dan dunia baru. Dunia tersebut menjadikan Hasan bergumul dengan kebimbangan. Kebimbangan tersebut dibongkar menggunakan identifikasi struktur kepribadian psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Pengidentifikasian tersebut lebih difokuskan beberapa insting yang terdapat pada tataran id. Insting kasih sayang, penghargaan, dan kebebasan yang ingin direalisasikan dibenturkan dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang ada pada tataran ego maupun superego. Pertimbangan-pertimbangan tersebut memunculkan pengaktualisasian insting yang tidak dapat direalisasikan dalam dunia lama, tetapi dimunculkan kembali dan direalisasikan dalam dunia baru. Sebaliknya, terdapat pula insting yang tak dapat direalisasikan dalam dunia baru, tetapi memungkinkan untuk direalisasikan dalam dunia lama.
TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN LISAN DALAM TRADISI BEKAYAT DI LOMBOK
Authors: Hamid Safoan Abdul
Published: December 2019

Sasak ethnic group’s community in Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, has an oral tradition of reciting hikayat namely bekayat. During the performance, step of the recitation is followed by interpretation from Melayu language to Sasak. As a part of literary work interpreting, the interpreter applies certain method, technique and ideology. This research is aimed at revealing interpreting technique applied in bekayat performance. Sample of this research is taken from Lombok Barat District, out of three other districts in Lombok. Data collection is conducted through recording and an interview technique. The data are transcribed and then analized by an interlinguistic and descriptive method. Result of the analysis shows that the interpreter of bekayat performance applied three techniques, namely paraphrase, contextual conditioning, and compensation.
KLAUSA BAHASA SIANG
Authors: Sigiro Alisten Parulian
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tentang klausa bahasa Siang. Untuk itu, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif karena metode dan teknik penelitian ini mencerminkan kenyataan berdasarkan fakta-fakta (fact findings) yang ada di lapangan sebagaimana adanya. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan secara objektif dan tepat aspek klausa bahasa Siang sesuai dengan kondisi bahasa Siang saat ini, khususnya mengenai ciri, tipe, dan pola, serta hubungan antarklausa dalam kalimat majemuk bahasa Siang. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan kategori frasa pengisi predikatnya penamaan klausa bahasa Siang pada umumnya adalah a) klausa nominal, b) klausa verbal, c) klausa adjektival, d) klausa preposisional, e) klausa numeralia, dan f) klausa pronominal. Sementara itu, klausa adverbial tidak dapat mengisi fungsi predikat. Klausa bebas dalam bahasa Siang predikatnya dapat diisi oleh frasa nominal, frasa verbal, frasa adjektival, frasa preposisional, dan frasa numeralia. Ciri khas klausa bebas adalah memiliki potensi untuk berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat bebas. Sementara itu, klausa terikatdalam bahasa Siang terdapat pada kalimat kompleks yang terdiri dari dua klausa atau lebih. Dalam hal ini, hubungan antara klausa yang satu dengan yang lain dalam kalimat kompleks dapat berupa hubungan subordinatif atau hubungan koordinatif.
KETAKSAAN PADANAN KATA DAN UNGKAPAN BAHASA ASING DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA: SEBUAH KAJIAN POLITIK BAHASA UNTUK PENYEMPURNAAN PEDOMAN UMUM PEMBENTUKAN ISTILAH DAN KAMUS BESAR BAHASA INDONESIA EDISI IV
Authors: Setiawan Irma , Bakri NFN
Published: December 2019

Ketaksaan pemadanan kata dan ungkapan asing dalam kebijakan politik bahasa ditunjukkan dalam PUPI dan KBBI edisi IV, seperti: 1) peraturan perubahan ejaan yang tidak mengatur ejaan ct→k dan hanya mengklaim ejaan k dari cc→k,ck→k, ch→k, dan c→k seperti pada kata abstrack, extrack, contrack, dan bentuk yang diatur dalam pembentukan ejaan hanya kata contrack, acclamation, check, dan cholera. Begitu juga dengan ejaan au→o tidak diatur, yang ditetapkan hanyalah ejaan au→au seperti pada kata automatic seharusnya automatis sesuai peraturan ejaan, tetapi dalam kbbi ditulis otomatis, 2) kerancuan pemaknaan imbuhan per- yang juga dapat bermakna sistem, seperti pada kosakata sistem perekonomian → perekonomian, sistem perpolitikan → perpolitikan, 3) tidak dapat memilah antara makna proses dan hasil dalam bahasa sumber, seperti erosion (proses dan hasil) →erosi/pengikisan (proses), seharusnya menjadi pengikisan (proses) dan kikisan (hasil) dan4) pemaknaan lema yang kerap dibolak-balikkan, seperti tolol→tulu, tulu→tolo, tolo bukan tolol, perempuan→wanita,  wanita →peremuan dan pada kata sepatu, cangkul tidak mengacu pada atributEsensial sehingga dapat menyulitkan penutur memahami bahasa indonesia. Inilah alasan utama penulis mengangkat permasalahan  kekaburan  pemadanan  atau  pemaknaan  lema.  Sehubungan dengan itu, tulisan ini betujuan untuk mendeskri tentang kekaburan atau padanan kata (lema) dan ungkapan asing dalam   bahasa indonesia. Kontribusi kajian tersebut diharapkan dapat memberi input bagi upaya penyempurnaan pupi dan KBBI edisi IV.
Misión Chardon y la modernización agrícola en el valle geográfico del río Cauca (Colombia)
Authors: Delgadillo Olga-Lucía , Valencia Víctor-Hugo
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to establish the relationship of politics, the economy and the environment, based on an analysis of the Chardon Mission (1929), using the material and political focus of environmental history. Agricultural missions involving international experts, mainly from North America, in Colombia and throughout Latin America during the first half of the twentieth centur y led to the design and implementation of modernizing policies intended to include the country in the global production system. New Colombian legislation and partial implementation of the Chardon Mission recommendations for the regional context affected traditional agricultural production in the Cauca Valley. It can be argued that the mission spearheaded the transformation of the methods and techniques that allowed producers to reduce transaction costs while increasing outputs. This in turn contributed to the proletar ization of the workforce in the main sector of regional productivity: the sugar industry. Using pr imary and secondar y sources to study the Chardon Mission, we can better understand how regional agro-industry began the socioecological transition from a state-based solar and organic regime to one dominated by the private sector and the use of fossil fuel.
Association between the Crab, Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (Linnaeus, 1758), and the Endangered Species Fan Mussel, Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: ACARLI Sefa , VURAL Pervin , ÖKTENER Ahmet
Published: December 2019

Pinna nobilis, commonly known as the fan mussel, is an endemic and endangered species found in the Mediterranean Sea. The association between the crab, Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (Decapoda), and P. nobilis (Bivalvia) from the Aegean Sea, Turkey was examined in this study. The crab samples were collected in the Urla Karantina Island, Izmir Bay, the Aegean Sea. The biometric characters of bivalve and crab in this coexistence were analyzed. 80% of the P. nobilis was occupied by N. pinnotheres.
ABOUT ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN CARBON TURNOVER
Authors: Ivlev A. A.
Published: December 2019

The article considers the model of the global carbon cycle, in which photosynthesis is one of the key elements. The model itself is considered as the transition of carbon from the oxidized state to the reduced one and back. This transition is carried out by photosynthesis. The main oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon and its transition to an oxidized form is carried out by means of a natural reaction of thermochemical sulfate reduction, which occurs in the subduction zone (the zone of collision of lithospheric plates). A number of natural facts substantiating some key provisions of the model are given.
ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS IN THE FORMATION OF OPEN WATER SPACES BEHIND OFFSHORE PLATFORMS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF OIL SPILLS
Authors: Pishchal’nik V. M. , Truskov P. A. , Solomatin S. V. , Romanyuk V. A. , Leonov A. V.
Published: December 2019

The first marine ice-resistant stationary platform Pil’tun-Astokhskaya-A (MISP PA-A) was installed on the northeast shelf of Sakhalin Island more than 20 years ago. Currently, five MISPs (PA-A, PA-B, LUN-A, Orlan and Berkut) operate in the coastal waters and plans are being actively discussed to develop new hydrocarbon deposits. The duration of the ice period in this region of the Sea of Okhotsk varies from 181 to 197 days, and the issue of actions plans for the elimination and mitigation of possible large-scale oil spills in the ice period are of particular relevance. This paper presents the results of the study of the conditions for the formation of open water spaces (OWS) in the ice cover (IC) behind the MISP obtained from aeronautical, shipbased and satellite observations, as well as practical experience in ice management in the framework of the Sakhalin-2 project in 1999–2008. The peculiarities of OWS formation can be refined for significant increasing of response on the oil pollution in the presence of the IC, for example, by eliminating oil in the wake formed by ice drift after the MISP and therefore reduce the load on the marine environment. The proposed methodological approach of artificially created OWS can be implemented in the waters of the freezing and Arctic seas that wash the shores of Russia, where the development of offshore hydrocarbon deposits is underway. At the same time, special attention for each particular MISP should be given to taking into account local ice conditions when developing safety issues for conducting such marine operations (this issue should be the subject of a separate study).
CLIMATIC ZONATION OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE IN CAMPANIAN TIME ACCORDING TO THE STUDY OF PLANKTON FORAMINIFERA
Authors: Sokolova E. A.
Published: December 2019

In the Campanian cores of deep water drilling in the Indian Ocean, on the Falklands Plateau, in the central part of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Australian shelf seas, the systematic composition of shells of planktonic foraminifera was studied. The revealed complexes of foraminifera are attributed to one or another type of than at ocenosis. On the basis of the spatial distribution of types of tanatocenoses, maps of climatic zonality for sections of the early, middle beginning, and end of the late campaign have been constructed. Different climatic zones correspond to different types of water masses. In the southern hemisphere, there were three climatic zones, but their sizes and the outline of the boundaries changed during the Campanian period. In the early and middle campaigns, the climate was smooth and mild. The beginning of the late campaign is marked by short-term warming which was replaced by a sharp late Campan cooling. The obtained reconstructions are confirmed by our own and literary data of oxygen isotope analysis.
Pengaruh Ketiadaan Agunan dan Denda Terhadap Minat Nasabah di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Pare
Authors: Muhamad Wildan Fawaid  , Agus Makinuddin
Published: December 2019

Sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan mikro yang beroperasi berdasarkan prinsip syariah, BMT ini memiliki fungsi seperti halnya Bank, yaitu sebagai lembaga keuangan yang menjembatani antara pihak yang kelebihan dana dengan pihak yang kekurangan dana. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui ketiadaan denda dan ketiadaan agunan secara bersama-sama terhadap minat nasabah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara ketiadaan denda dan ketiadaan agunan secara bersama-sama terhadap minat nasabah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 ( α<0,05), dan koefisien regresi mempunyai nilai positif sebesar 0,000
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Pemotongan Zakat secara Otomatis pada Tabungan Deposito
Authors: Nur Fadilah
Published: December 2019

Zakat adalah salah satu dari rukun Islam yang wajib dipenuhi oleh setiap muslim serta pelaksanaan dan perwujudan zakat merupakan tugas dan tanggung jawab kita bersama. Zakat menjadi wujud ibadah seseorang kepada Allah sekaligus dan sebagai perwujudan dari kepedulian social (ibadah sosial). Zakat juga merupakan kekuatan besar umat yang sampai saat ini belum termaksimalkan, pada beberapa kasus telah menjadi penyebab yang mengkwatirkankan. Hal itu terjadi karena ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai zakat, juga tidak mengetahui bahwa di dalam Al-Qur’an dan hadits telah diwajibkan menunaikan zakat. Sebagai bentuk perhatian dan usaha pemerintah dalam mengelola zakat di Indonesia, maka pelaksanaan pengelolaan zakat diatur dalam UU. No. 38 tahun 1999 tentang pengelolaan Zakat dan UU RI No. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah sebagai lembaga yang menerima dana dari zakat, infak, sedekah, hibah atau dana sosial lainnya dan menyalurkannya kepada organisasi pengelola zakat.Deposito merupakan salah satu sarana investasi yang disediakan oleh bank yang paling diminati oleh sebagian besar masyarakat. Namun, deposito yang menggunakan sistem bunga dilarang dalam hukum Islam karena mengandung unsur ribawi. Deposito yang sesuai dengan syariah adalah deposito yang berdasarkah prinsip mudharabah.Melakukan sistem pengelolaan zakat secara otomatis pada tabungan deposito kepada deposan memang tidak salah karena merupakan harta yang berkembang, namun dalam sistem pengelolaannya harus sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah hukum Islam. Karena perbankan syariah dalam melakukan kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan prinsip syariah, demokrasi ekonomi dan prinsip kehati-hatian.
Hubungan Konsep Diri dan Self Control dengan Kebermaknaan Hidup
Authors: Ma'ruf Muhammad Ghozali
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsep diri dan self control dengan kebermaknaan hidup. Variabel penelitian ini meliputi variabel bebas konsep diri (variabel X1) dan self control (variabel X2) dan variabel tergantung kebermaknaan hidup (variabel Y). Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampling purposive yaitu dengan menentukan kriteria tertentu dalam pemilihan subjek remaja di Madrasah Aliyah Mathaliâ€™ul Anwar di Simo-Lamongan yang berusia 14-19 tahun. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang konsep diri, self control dan kebermaknaan hidup menggunakan angket. Hasil analisis data menggunakan anareg mendapat hasil F Regresi = 73.413 dengan signifikasi p = 0.000 (p<0.05) menunjukkan bahwa konsep diri dan self control sangat signifikan berkorelasi dengan kebermaknaan hidup. Hasil analisis parsial pada variabel konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup menunjukkan nilai t = 1.131 pada p = 0.316 hal ini berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara konsep diri dengan kebermaknaan hidup. Implikasi penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan tentang bagaimana manusia lebih bermakna hidupnya
Pemahaman Konsep Jihad Ditinjau Dari Identifikasi Kelompok, Persepsi Ancaman Antar-Kelompok, Dan Kepribadian
Authors: Zaduqisti Esti
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh identifikasi kelompok, persepsi ancaman antar-kelompok, dan kepribadian terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad damai. (2) pengaruh identifikasi kelompok, persepsi ancaman antar-kelompok, dan kepribadian terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad defensif. (3) pengaruh identifikasi kelompok, persepsi ancaman antar-kelompok, dan kepribadian terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad ofensif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif non-eksperimental, dengan alat bantu SPSS 16 teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 432 mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah dengan menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 8 skala; (1) Skala pertama adalah skala pemahaman konsep Jihad damai, (2) skala pemahaman konsep Jihad defensif,  (3) Skala ketiga adalah skala pemahaman konsep Jihad ofensif , (4) skala identifikasi kelompok, (5) Skala Persepsi Ancaman Antar-Kelompok Simbolik, (6) Skala Persepsi Ancaman Antar-Kelompok Realistik, (7) Skala Kepribadian Otoritarian, dan (8) Skala Kepribadian Fundamentalis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: (1) Identifikasi terhadap kelompok radikal, Persepsi ancaman-antar kelompok (baik simbolik maupun realistik),dan kepribadian (baik otoritarian maupun fundamentalis)   berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad damai; (2) Identifikasi terhadap kelompok radikal, persepsi ancaman-antar kelompok (baik simbolik maupun realistik),dan kepribadian (baik otoritarian maupun fundamentalis)  berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad defensif; dn (3)  Identifikasi terhadap kelompok radikal, persepsi ancaman-antar kelompok (baik simbolik maupun realistik),dan kepribadian (baik otoritarian maupun fundamentalis)  berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemahaman konsep jihad ofensif .
Forging a Clearer Path Forward for Assessing Cumulative Impacts on Aboriginal and Treaty Rights
Authors: Audino Diana , Axmann Stephanie , Gray Bryn , Howard Kim , Stanic Ljiljana
Published: December 2019

Project reviews have become the primary forum to discuss cumulative impacts of energy and resource development on Aboriginal and treaty rights. After thoroughly reviewing the case law and legislation, the authors assert that these impacts cannot be resolved through piecemeal measures like individual permitting decisions. Governments need to use broader actions such as effective land-use planning, regional assessments, and separate forums to address specific concerns with at-risk species. Further, clear policy and regulatory guidelines must be created with careful attention to promoting responsible development and avoiding stifling investment in Canada. By doing so, governments will be in a better position to consider environmental, Aboriginal rights, and treaty rights issues while establishing certainty for project proponents.
FATORES CLIMÁTICOS COMO POSSÍVEIS DETERMINANTES AMBIENTAIS PARA A INCIDÊNCIA DE H1N1 E SRAG NO CEARÁ.
Authors: Laurindo Lucas Oliveira , Costa Raysa Porto da Maia e , Sousa Larissa Nogueira , Soares Giulia Caetano , Arraes Greicy Coelho
Published: December 2019

A Gripe ou influenza é uma infecção viral aguda do sistema respiratório, de agente etiológico Myxovirus influenzae, que possui dois tipos A e B, com alta relevância clínica, por sua magnitude e potenc
"Estamos en guerra contra un enemigo poderoso, implacable": los discursos de Sebastián Piñera y la revuelta popular en Chile
Authors: Navarro Federico , Tromben Carlos
Published: December 2019

Desde el análisis crí­tico del discurso polí­tico, se investigaron los 46 discursos oficiales del presidente Sebastián Piñera emitidos el mes previo y posterior a las masivas protestas sociales iniciadas el 18 de octubre de 2019 en Chile. Se utilizaron métodos complementarios asistidos por software para contrastar e interpretar palabras clave, evaluaciones, metáforas y temas, junto con elementos situacionales y sociales. Los hallazgos demuestran un cambio drástico en el discurso presidencial desde el 18 de octubre, cuando pasó de temáticas económicas y medio ambientales internacionales al aval de las fuerzas de seguridad en el ámbito nacional, pero una continuidad en un discurso de la guerra aplicado al espacio público, para culminar en un discurso inclusivo del acuerdo transversal, la nueva Constitución y los derechos sociales.
Research on Teaching Method of Packaging Design Course Based on Chinese Style
Authors: Yang Shuting
Published: December 2019

The teaching of Packaging Design started late in China, but develops fast. After experiencing the changes of economy, politics and culture, it has entered a new era of self-publicity. The Chinese style has come out quietly with a strong momentum. The contents of packaging design in the new era pay more attention to the spiritual level, and become a bridge between the society and people, forming an aesthetics concept with the spirit of the Chinese people. Based on the application of Chinese style in the course of Packaging Design, this paper discusses the characteristics of Packaging Design with Chinese style and the problems of traditional Packaging Design, and puts forward how to better apply Chinese elements in Packaging Design.
Implementation of Pay for Performance in the Public Sector in Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Vidya Imanuari , Fitrie Revienda Anita
Published: December 2019

Based on several studies on pay for performance (P4P) in Indonesia, we assess that it still needs a comprehensive understanding of how the implementation and the consequences arising from the implementation of P4P in Indonesia. Thus, this article aims to discuss the extent to which the implementation of P4P-based payroll systems in Indonesia and the consequences that will result. The methodology used is literature review, with outlined techniques from Wolfswinkel, Furtmueller, and Wilderom (2011). The results obtained that the Indonesian payroll design adheres to the pattern of single salary consisting of elements of the position (salary) and benefits (performance and expensiveness). Pay for performance is reflected in performance allowances. Performance allowances are given according to performance achievements for additional income and service motivation. Performance is obtained from presence-based assessments, employee work targets (SKP), and e-lapkin (Electronic Performance Report). The consequence of pay for performance is that there are gaps between Ministries, Institutions, Regions and Agencies in providing performance allowances, also the significance of improvements in public services has not yet been seen, especially the direct benefits to the public. The limitation is the lack of a comprehensive framework so that it is felt necessary to present research directly, so as to produce research that is closer to the actual conditions.
Best Practice Program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT. Pertamina RU II Production Sungai Pakning
Authors: Mashur Dadang
Published: December 2019

The Commitment of one of the state companies PT. Pertamina in implementing Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) is realized in various CSR activities covering the fields of education, health, environment, infrastructure, community empowerment, disaster management, and special assistance. The realization of activities is carried out by all working units of Pertamina's CSR functions, both at the head office, unit operations, and subsidiaries such as the Sungai Pakning Refinery Unit (RU) II Production. Pertamina implements CSR programs for people, planet and profit (3P) purposes. This goal is the focus of Pertamina in running its operations, where products are developed and services provided care about environmental sustainability, especially the earth for the interests and future of future generations. Pertamina's CSR focuses on four issues that become its pillars, namely: Pertamina Cerdas, Pertamina Sehati, Pertamina Hijau, and Pertamina Berdikari. This article is the result of research conducted with qualitative methods with a participatory approach.
Institutional Collaboration on the Lake of Bakuok in Sustainable Management
Authors: Afrizal Afrizal , Mayarni Mayarni , Sundari Nasution Mimin
Published: December 2019

Lake Bakuok is a conservation area and traditional indigenous Lake or prohibition hole that has culture-based fishing activities, we can see this with the tradition of fishing together using nets that have become tourist destinations in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, in regional languages locally called "Ma'awuo". All activities carried out in this Bakuok lake is controlled by traditional authorities Kenegrian Tambang which has the same vision in the conservation and protection of the lake region. On the other side ecologically Bakuok lake is very alarming, with palm trees and rubber were planted alongside the lake, and the fish cages. Based on the rules regarding the ban on Lake Bakuok, not all of these rules are implemented and implemented properly, even though there are already those who supervise, there are still violations that occur. The number of institutions involved in the development of Lake Bakuok so far is still temporal or temporary, and runs each and has not formed a systematic collaboration. This study aims to see how institutional collaboration in Lake Bakuok sustainable management. The study uses qualitative research methods that aim to obtain a holistic picture of a phenomenon in the Bakuok Lake. The results showed several important items related to Lake Bakuok institutional collaboration, namely the type of network structured (network structure) that is still unclear and does not have a unified conceptual description of Lake management. The absence of Commitment to a common purpose. Trust among stakeholders is still lacking. The unavailability of standard provisions for clear procedures and responsibilities in the relevant institutions. Access to information of stakeholders who are not members as long as they can be accepted by all parties is still difficult.
The Biosafety Regulatory Approach and Governance Mechanism of GM Crops in the Philippines
Authors: N. Pasquito Leonardo
Published: December 2019

This paper analyzes the government biosafety regulatory approach to genetically modified (GM) crops in the Philippines focusing on the interplay and politics of the different government agencies (DOST-DOH-DENR-DA-DILG) that comprises the National Biosafety Committee of the Philippines (NBCP) in terms of entry permit applications of multinational companies, field trials, environmental assessment, health impact assessment, local supervision and regulation, commercial release and market test, nutritional study, and GMO product labelling. The study examines the regulatory policies of the Philippine government including local ordinances which aimed to support or discourage agricultural biotechnology innovations in the Philippines. Further, the paper investigates how the NCBP regulates the stakeholders’ debate on the risks and benefits of GMOs to the environment, human and animal health, and its impact on the food security program of the country. The study argues that the Philippine government is gradually losing its grip on the implementation of biosafety regulations and that invoking the precautionary principle, there is a need to resolve disputes in favor of the constitutional right to a balanced and healthful ecology of the people. The lack of dialogue and participatory public consultation to prevent clashing of interests on the conduct of field trials resulted in endless GMO war and debate. Thus, the study further noted that at present there is a looming deadlock on the debate of GMO between stakeholders which eventually is creating snail-pace agricultural biotechnology innovations and consequently stalling the food security program of the country.
T.S. Eliot and Josep Carner in Dialogue
Allusions to Eliot’s Poetry in Nabí
Authors: Serra Margalit
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to show that Nabí’s poem, written by Catalan poet Josep Carner, contains allusions to the works of T.S. Eliot The Waste Land as well as to “Burnt Norton”, the first poem of Four Quartets. Allusion is a literary resource which is recurrent in both authors, to whom literary tradition is pivotal in the process of poetic creation. A thorough analysis of the main allusions of Nabí to these two poems of T.S. Eliot demonstrates that by means of allusion a dialogue between works of different times, languages and authors may be established.
The main issues of quality assurance of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Kodina G. E. , Malysheva A. O.
Published: December 2019

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market.
Regulatory Approaches to the Development Programme for Medicines Used to Treat Infectious Diseases
Authors: Lysikova I. V. , Basova O. I.
Published: December 2019

In February 2017 the World Health Organization first published the list of antibiotic-resistant «priority pathogens» — a catalogue of 12 species of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health. The list highlights the danger posed by Gramnegative bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antimicrobial medicines is becoming a pressing issue. The list is an important reference point and incentive to secure and guide research and development related to new antibiotics that will help solve the issue of growing global resistance to antimicrobial medicines. The aim of the study was to determine the main regulatory approaches to planning preclinical and clinical development programmes for new antimicrobial medicines. On the basis of current requirements and recommendations in force in the Russian Federation and guidelines of the European Medicines Agency, the issues of planning antimicrobial drug development programs were considered. The autors analysed the main stages and aspects of preclinical studies of medicines for infectious diseases (specific activity in vitro and in vivo, PK-PD modeling), as well as requirements for the clinical trial stage, including the rationale for the choice of clinically relevant efficacy and safety endpoints, study design, and statistical methods.
The Mechanism of Action of Follistatin-like Protein-1 (FSTL-1)
Authors: Kukes V. G. , Olefir Yu. V. , Romanov B. K. , Prokofiev A. B. , Parfenova E. V. , Boldyreva M. A. , Goroshko O. A. , Parfenova O. K. , Gazdanova A. A. , Demchenkova E. Yu.
Published: December 2019

The paper provides current data on some proteins of the TGF- p family which are potentially capable of exerting a protective effect in diseases of the heart, lungs, placenta, gonads, and pancreas. The study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL-1), one of the proteins of this family, at the cellular level. It was demonstrated that FSTL-1 is responsible for heart muscle regeneration in mammals through activation of angiogenic factors. Despite the fact that this protein plays a key role in myocardial regeneration, its concentration in the epicardium decreases immediately after a heart attack, which hampers effective self-repair of the heart. The paper summarises the results of studies of the efficacy of intravenous administration of FSTL-1 in rats with myocardial infarction. However, the administration of a foreign protein can cause allergic reactions, therefore a drug that induces FSTL-1 secretion was chosen instead.

The aim of the study was to provide experimental substantiation of the possibility of exogenous regulation of FSTL-1 secretion.

Materials and methods: FSTL-1 concentration in rat plasma was assessed by enzyme immunoassay before and after treatment with the antioxidant drug ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine malate. The antioxidant was administered to 15 healthy male Wistar rats subcutaneously 3 times a day at a dose of 6 mg/day for 14 days. A fasting blood sample was obtained on the first day before administration of the drug and on day 15.

Results: after the period of treatment with ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine malate the concentration of FSTL-1 in the plasma of the laboratory rats increased significantly (p = 0.0011) to reach 0.92 ± 0.11 ng/mL as compared to the initial concentration of 0.48 ± 0.04 ng/mL.

Conclusion: the study provided experimental evidence for new properties of ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine malate, i.e. induction of FSTL-1 in healthy rats. Further studies are encouraged to assess potential use of this drug as an inductor of FSTL-1 in myocardial ischemia.
Summary of Clinical Laboratory Studies Performed During Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Medicinal Products (Part II: Biochemical and Pathomorphological Studies)
Authors: Sorokina A. V. , Alekseeva S. V. , Eremina N. V. , Durnev A. D.
Published: December 2019

Chronic toxicity studies are an integral part of the overall toxicological evaluation of drug candidates. Biochemical studies of blood and urine serve to describe the general picture of the animal’s condition and to trace the dynamics of laboratory markers of organ damage after repeated administration of the drug — both for a group of animals, as well as individually. Pathomorphological studies of organs and tissues make it possible to understand the nature of damage at the cellular level. A systemic analysis of the data obtained allows for accurate identification of the body systems that are most susceptible to the toxic effect of the drug, as well as for assessment of the degree of impact and the reversibility of effects. Considering the great importance of the obtained pharmacological information, it is necessary to pay special attention to proper methodological implementation of all the stages of preparation and performance of the mentioned studies, as well as to proper analysis and interpretation of the data. The aim of the paper was to summarise the methodology of biochemical and pathomorphological studies based on the experience obtained in the Drug Toxicology Laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institute «Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology» when conducting chronic toxicity studies.
Características clínicas de personas privadas de libertad con infecciones de transmisión sexual en Bahía Blanca
Authors: Grunfeld Baeza María Verónica , Palomo Diego Martin , Arnaudo Maria Cecilia , Arena Maria Celeste , Troccoli Milagros , D'Anuncio Valentina , Arro Iñaki
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de las personas privadas de la libertad con infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) de la unidad penal de Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, República Argentina durante el periodo 2017.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se analizaron las historias clínicas y las variables sexo, edad, nacionalidad, ocupación, escolaridad, fecha y motivo de consulta, diagnóstico de ITS y tratamiento. Se realizó una descripción con frecuencias absolutas, relativas, medidas de centralidad, dispersión y gráficos.
Resultados: Se encuentran detenidas 672 personas. 96,4% varones. El 2,3% convive con una infección de transmisión sexual. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue la infección por VIH, siguiéndole en frecuencia la sifilis con el18,7% y la hepatitis C con el 6,2%.
Conclusión: Este trabajo intenta ser un aporte a las investigaciones de ITS en cárceles argentinas. La descripción de la situación de las ITS permitiría pensar intervenciones de promoción y prevención.
Oktatás és „civilizáció”. Az oktatás megjelenése a Meiji-kori átalakulásról folytatott diskurzusban
Authors: Takó Ferenc
Published: December 2019

A Meiji-megújulás (Meiji ishin) ellentmondásos jellegét tükrözi, hogy a nyugati szakirodalomban egyaránt szokás „Meiji forradalomról” és „Meiji restaurációról” beszélni. A feszültségegyik tipikus megjelenési közege az oktatás szervezett átalakításáról szóló diskurzus, melyben a konfuciánus hagyomány és a „nyugatiasító” újítás állnak szemben egymással. Tanulmányomban korabeli gondolkodók (elsősorban Mori Arinori és a Meiji Hat Társaság) munkái alapján mutatom be, milyen feladatokat tűztek maguk elé az 1870-es évek japán gondolkodói az oktatás területén.
A kokesi babák kultúrtörténeti aspektusai
Authors: Tóth-Vásárhelyi Réka , Rácz Ibolya
Published: December 2019

A japán babakultúra évezredes múltra visszatekintő nagyon gazdag világ, amely jól mutatja a szigetország gazdasági, illetve kulturális erejét, lakosainak önérzetét. A fából esztergált és faragott babák letisztult formáikkal ábrázolják a nőket és lányokat, mintegy megtestesítve a japán női szépségideált. A történettudomány feltételezi, hogy a legelső darabok a Tóhokurégióból származnak, amelyeket a kései Edo-korszakban (18. század elejétől) készítettek. Létrehozói egyszerű fafaragó mesteremberek. A kokesi az idők során több olyan funkciót magára öltött, melyek többsége a japán hitvilágban gyökerezik. Az első babák megjelenése óta jó kétszáz év telt el, s ma a kokesik népszerűsége évről évre egyre nő. A fababa köré szerveződő kultúra szerves részei a Japánban tartott fesztiválok, szertartások és versenyek is, melyekkel ez a kézműves termék méltó módon illeszkedik a köztudatba és a mindennapokba egyaránt. A tanulmány bemutatja a kokesik fejlődésének, szerepének évszázadokra visszatekintő változásait, illetve készítéséhez kapcsolódó szokásokat.
Miért is a gyermekek takarítanak a japán iskolákban?
Authors: Somodi Júlia
Published: December 2019

Sokak által ismert tény, hogy a japán iskolákban a gyerekek takarítanak. Hogyan zajlik mindez a mindennapokban, hogyan készítik fel rá a gyerekeket, pedagógusokat, és mi lehet a pedagógiai célja ennek a tevékenységnek? Tanulmányomban bemutatom, hogy milyen társadalmi háttér rejlik egy olyan oktatási rendszer mögött, amelyben a nem akadémiai és az akadémiai iskolai tevékenységek azonos hangsúlyt kapnak, a takarítás megítélését tekintve hogyan osztályozzuk az egyes kultúrköröket, szó esik a japán nemzeti alaptantervről, illetve arról, hogy konkrétan hogyan zajlik a takarítás a japán elemi iskolákban.
Magyarul tanuló japán hallgatók megnyilatkozásainak – udvariasságot érintő – jellegzetességei a kérés beszédaktusában
Authors: Sitkei Dóra
Published: December 2019

A jelen kutatás magyarul tanuló, s legalább felső középhaladó szinten magyarul tudó japán anyanyelvű hallgatók köztesnyelvi kérési produktumait vizsgálja szívességkérő és jogos kérési szituációkban – az alkalmazott külső és belső módosítók tekintetében – diskurzuskiegészítő módszerrel, mely módosítók fontos szerepet töltenek be egy-egy megnyilatkozás udvarias voltának megítélésében. A nyelvtanulói kéréseket összevetettem azonos szituációban adott japán anyanyelvi és magyar célnyelvi változatokkal is, s több ponton megfigyelhető volt a nyelvtanulói produktumra ható anyanyelvi hatás, például szívességkérés esetén a kérés erejét enyhítő külső módosítóknak a magyar nyelvhez képest megjelenő nagyobb száma tekintetében. Mindemellett egy célnyelvi (vagy speciális köztesnyelvi) stratégia követésének is szemtanúi lehettünk az erős célzás megjelenésével a nyelvtanulói kérésekben.
POTENSI PENERIMAAN NEGARA DARI EMISI KARBON: LANGKAH OPTIMIS MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Irama Ade Bebi
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini mempunyai dua tujuan: (1) untuk menghitung secara empiris potensi penerimaan negara apabila kebijakan pajak karbon diterapkan; dan (2) untuk menjelaskan kebijakan program pemerintah eksisting yang mendukungpenerapan kebijakan pajak karbon. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini berupa simulasi melalui pendekatan measured emission taxes dengan menggunakan data emisi karbon perusahaan emiten yang terdapat di 14 industri di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2008 hingga 2018. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa terdapat potensi penerimaan pajak karbon minimal sebesar Rp3, 03 Triliun per tahun yang berasal dari emisi karbon. Di Indonesia, ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang menggunakan data emisi karbon dari Trucost, Bloomberg dan Reuters/Refinitiv untuk menghitung potensi penerimaan pajak karbon secara empiris. Keterbatasan penelitian terdapat pada data emisi karbon yang belum sepenuhnya dilaporkan oleh perusahaanemisi di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
The evaluation of the Coffee Market under the Application of the Coffeeconomics index
Authors: Ruiz Estrada Mario Arturo , Moug Peter , Ating Rashid
Published: December 2019

The Coffeeconomics index is an alternative index
to evaluate the Coffee market structure behaviour from a microeconomic and
macroeconomic perspective. Hence, the coffee market structure is formed by the
interaction of four large players such as coffee producers (small,
cooperatives, and large), coffee brokers, coffee sellers (large, medium, and
small), and coffee consumers. The main objective is to evaluate the vulnerabilities
of the coffee market structure as a whole through the application of the National Coffee Production Function (NCP-Function). Finally, we calculate the NCP-Function to
evaluate the risk and vulnerability of the coffee market structure of Guatemala
between 1928 and 2018 respectively.
Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity”. 21–22 May 2019. Session “History”
Authors: Konoplyanko Konstantin
Published: December 2019

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.
Land Use/Land Cover in view of Earth Observation: Data Sources, Input Dimensions and Classifiers -a Review of the State of the Art
Authors: Pandey Prem Chandra , Koutsias Nikos , Petropoulos George , Srivastava Prashant K. , Dor Eyal Ben
Published: December 2019

Land use/Land cover (LULC) is a fundamental concept of the Earth's system intimately connected to many phases of the human and physical environment. Earth Observation (EO) technology provides an informative source of data covering the entire globe in a spatial and spectral resolution appropriate to better and easier classify land cover than traditional or conventional methods. The use of high spatial and spectral resolution imagery from EO sensors has increased remarkably over the past decades, as more and more platforms are placed in orbit and new applications emerge in different disciplines. The aim of the present review work is to provide all-inclusive critical reflection on the state of the art in the use of EO technology in LULC mapping and change detection. The emphasis is placed on providing an overview of the different EO datasets, spatial-spectral-temporal characteristics of satellite data and classification approaches employed in land cover classification. The review concludes providing recommendations and remarks on what should be done in order to overcome hurdle faced using above-mentioned problems in LULC mapping. This also provides information on using classifier algorithms depending upon the data types and dependent on the regional ecosystems. One of the main messages of our review is that in future, there will be a need to assemble techniques specifically used in LULC with their merit and demerits that will enable more comprehensive understanding at regional or global scale and improve understanding between different land cover relationship and variability among them and these remains to be seen.
Problem of Altruism
Authors: Deb Angarika , Smith Daniel
Published: December 2019

We define two ‘problems of altruism’. The first is the classic problem of altruism, defined as the issue of how a behavior which decreases an individual’s lifetime reproductive success, while helping another individual (or individuals) increase their lifetime reproductive success, can evolve. We also define a ‘second-order problem of altruism’, where different authors have different conceptions of what does, and does not, constitute ‘altruism’, including approaches based on kin selection, multi-level selection theory, short-term altruism and psychological altruism.