bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical Application of Residuals from Survival Models in Quantitative Trait Linkage Analysis
Authors: Yoo Bongin , Pankratz V. Shane , de Andrade Mariza
Published: July 2017

A number of familial diseases have an age‐of‐onset component, which can be considered as a censored quantitative trait. However, few software resources are available for the use of time‐to‐event endpoints in linkage analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the use of martingale residuals from Cox survival models as quantitative traits for familial diseases with variable age at onset. We used these residuals as quantitative traits in variance components linkage scans for the 50 replicates of the general population simulated data for chromosomes 6 and 7. The region on chromosome 6 containing markers D06G034 and D06G035 demonstrated evidence for linkage, consistent with the underlying genetic model. This analysis demonstrates the applicability of using martingale residuals as a quantitative trait in linkage analyses of diseases that depend on age of onset. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing Linkage of Immunoglobulin E Using a Meta‐Analysis Approach
Authors: Etzel Carol J. , Costello Tracy J.
Published: July 2017

We report results using a new meta‐analysis procedure to assess linkage of immunoglobulin E (IgE), an asthma related quantitative trait, using the nine data sets provided by the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12. This meta‐analysis procedure combines univariate Haseman‐Elston statistics across studies gaining strength by collating possibly distinct marker maps. We performed univariate Haseman‐Elston over all data sets and identified linkage (p < 0.05) to some marker in at least one study on virtually every chromosome. Using the proposed meta‐analysis procedure, we detected suggestive linkage (p‐value < 7.4 x 10‐4, [Lander and Kruglyak, Nat Genet 11:214–47, 1995]) for two regions on chromosome 4 (around 50 and 150 cM) and one region on chromosome 11 (around 125 cM). We also identified areas which were evocative (p‐value < 0.02) for linkage: chr 5 ~40 cM, chr 7 ~98 cM, chr 9 ~65 cM, chr 13 ~110 cM, chr 16 ~10 cM and ~105 cM, chr 17 ~70 cM, and chr 20 ~25 cM. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Artificial Wombs and Abortion Rights
Authors: Cohen I. Glenn
Published: July 2017

In a study published in late April in Nature Communications, the authors were able to sustain 105‐ to 115‐day‐old premature lamb fetuses—whose level of development was comparable to that of a twenty‐three‐week‐old human fetus—for four weeks in an artificial womb, enabling the lambs to develop in a way that paralleled age‐matched controls. The oldest lamb of the set, more than a year old at the time the paper came out, appeared completely normal. This kind of research brings us one step closer to providing excellent quality of life for premature newborns, but it also portends major legal and ethical questions, especially for abortion rights in America.
Normalized CES supply systems: Replication of Klump, McAdam, and Willman (2007)
Authors: Stewart Kenneth G.
Published: July 2017

The analysis of Klump, McAdam, and Willman (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2007, 89, 183–192) is replicated using alternative software. Their results are verified substantively and, in large measure, numerically. Contributions include a more explicit consideration of the nested testing structure than has appeared previously, and the appropriate means of imposing and testing the special case of logarithmic growth in technology. Also, plots of the likelihood serve to emphasize that maxima in the neighborhood of a unitary elasticity of substitution are often a spurious artifact of the singularity of the model at this point, of which empirical researchers should beware.
Effect of organic silicon, methylsulfonylmethane, and glucosamine sulfate in mandibular bone defects in rats
Authors: de Sousa Rosa Flávia Santiago , Stuepp Rúbia Teodoro , Modolo Filipe , Biz Michelle Tillmann
Published: July 2017

Organic silicon (OS), glucosamine sulfate (GS), and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have been related to bone and connective tissue health and have been considered as basic therapy for osteoarthrosis disorders. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the effect of the association of these three components in mandibular bone defects in rats. Nine rats were used for histocompatibility test. In each animal was implanted the composition (70% OS, 15% GS, 15% MSM) and gutta percha (control) under the dorsal subcutaneous tissue. The samples were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days post‐surgery and inflammatory events analyzed. In sequence, the composition was engrafted in mandibular bone defects of nine rats; bone defects without treatment were the control group. Analyses were performed at 7, 14, and 28 days post‐surgery and samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the histocompatibility test, both groups had a moderate inflammatory process at 7 days post‐surgery and mild inflammatory process at 14 and 21 days. But in SEM analysis, the composition promotes an extensive reabsorption in cortical and crest alveolar bone, and great tooth root reabsorption. In conclusion, although the composition had positive result in the histocompatibility test, its direct application in mandibular bone defects caused intense resorption.
Purinergic receptor P2Y6 contributes to 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium‐induced oxidative stress and cell death in neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Qian Yiwei , Xu Shaoqing , Yang Xiaodong , Xiao Qin
Published: July 2017

Oxidative stress and neural degeneration have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The P2Y6 purinergic receptor (P2Y6R) has been shown to participate in the activation of microglia and the production of pro‐inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide to cause neuronal loss. However, the function of P2Y6R during oxidative stress in neurons is unclear. In the present study, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment increased the level of UDP/P2Y6R on neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of P2Y6R or knockdown of P2Y6R using a siRNA exerted an increased protective effect by preventing MPP+‐induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and down‐regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression. UDP, an agonist of P2Y6R, enhanced the effects of MPP+, which was also inhibited by apyrase or MRS2578. Additionally, P2Y6R knockdown also significantly reversed both the loss of cell viability and the increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (p‐ERK1/2) and p38 (p‐p38) caused by MPP+ stimulation. However, the inhibition of the ERK1/2 and p38 kinase signaling pathways had no effect on P2Y6R expression. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that P2Y6R expressed on neuronal SH‐SY5Y cell is associated with the progression of oxidative stress and cell death induced by MPP+, suggesting that P2Y6R may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.
A rapid method for the determination of brominated flame retardant concentrations in plastics and textiles entering the waste stream
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed Abou‐Elwafa , Drage Daniel S. , Sharkey Martin , Berresheim Harald , Harrad Stuart
Published: July 2017

Due to new European legislation, products going to waste are subject to ‘low persistent organic pollutant concentration limits’. Concentrations of restricted brominated flame retardants in waste products must be determined. A rapid extraction and clean‐up method was developed for determination of brominated flame retardants in various plastics and textiles. The optimised method used vortexing and ultrasonication in dichloromethane followed by sulfuric acid clean‐up to determine target compounds. Poly‐brominated diphenyl ethers were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and hexabromocyclododecane by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Good recoveries of target analytes were obtained after three extraction cycles. The method was validated using poly‐propylene and poly‐ethylene certified reference materials as well as previously characterised textiles, expanded and extruded poly‐styrene samples. Measured concentrations of target compounds showed good agreement with the certified values indicating good accuracy and precision. Clean extracts provided low noise levels resulting in low limits of quantification (0.8–1.5 ng/g for poly‐brominated diphenyl ethers and 0.3 ng/g for α‐, β‐ and γ‐hexabromocyclododecane). The developed method was applied successfully to real consumer products entering the waste stream and it provided various advantages over traditional methods, including reduced analysis time, solvent consumption, minimal sample contamination and high sample throughput, which is crucial to comply with the implemented legislation.
Effect of compensatory immigration on the genetic structure of coyotes
Authors: Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Kilgo John C. , Rhodes Olin E.
Published: July 2017

Despite efforts to reduce their effects on livestock and native ungulates within the southeastern United States, coyotes (Canis latrans) can recover from control programs. It is unknown how coyotes compensate for high mortality following trapping, so there is great interest to identify methods that can provide insight into coyote response to intensive trapping. To investigate if population genetic tools can decipher how coyotes recover from intensive trapping, we combined an empirical test of how genetic differentiation, diversity, and familial structure changed following trapping on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, USA, with spatially explicit genetic simulations. The pre‐ and post‐trapping periods had similar genetic diversities and were not genetically differentiated as expected by either compensatory reproduction or immigration from a single genetic source. The post‐trapping coyote populations exhibited weaker signatures of philopatry with little evidence for increased dispersal distances of young coyotes, which suggests immigration caused a decrease in familial structure. Our simulations indicated that spatial autocorrelation coefficients and observed heterozygosities change as immigration increases, whereas population differentiation, allelic richness, and displacement distances do not. Collectively, our results suggest that coyotes recover from intensive trapping via reproduction and immigration, which likely makes preventing compensation difficult. Monitoring post‐trapping populations may offer more insight into maximizing the effectiveness of control efforts, and based on our simulations, population genetics can provide critical information about the amount of compensatory immigration following trapping. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Scholarly communication and open access: Perspectives from Korea
Authors: Joung Kyoung Hee , Rowley Jennifer
Published: July 2017

This article reports on scholarly communication and open access (OA) in Korea. Drawing on a range of databases, articles, and reference sources, it provides unique insights. In contrast to the UK/US model of scholarly communication, in Korea, most scholarly journals are published by discipline‐based scholarly societies and research institutes affiliated to universities. Payment for publication is the norm, and typically features article processing charges and scholarly society membership fees for both OA and toll access (TA) journals. Online access to journals in Korea is provided by commercial vendors who enter into contracts with the scholarly societies for exclusive use. Three online access models apply – TA, gold OA, and dual access – with the use of these models varying between disciplines. In parallel with this access provided by commercial vendors, there are a number of government‐funded open access repositories (OARs) to which university researchers are requested to deposit their research outputs, as well as OARs run by universities and other research institutes.
Supramolecular Polymerization from Controllable Fabrication to Living Polymerization
Authors: Huang Zehuan , Qin Bo , Chen Linghui , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Faul Charl F. J. , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2017

Supramolecular polymers have attracted plenty of interest in the scientific community; however, developing controllable methods of supramolecular polymerization remains a serious challenge. This article reviews some recent developments of methods for supramolecular polymerization from controllable fabrication to living polymerization. Three facile methods with general applicability for controllable fabrication of supramolecular polymers have been established recently: the first method is a self‐sorting approach by manipulating ring–chain equilibrium based on noncovalent control over rigidity of monomers; the second is covalent polymerization from supramonomers formed by noncovalent interactions; and the third is supramolecular interfacial polymerization. More excitingly, living supramolecular polymerization has been achieved by two elegant strategies, including seeded supramolecular polymerization under pathway complexity control and chain‐growth supramolecular polymerization by metastable monomers. It is anticipated that this review may provide some guidance for precise fabrication of supramolecular polymers, leading to the construction of supramolecular polymeric materials with controllable architectures and functions.
Existence of multiplicity harmonic and subharmonic solutions for second‐order quasilinear equation via Poincaré‐Birkhoff twist theorem
Authors: Cheng Zhibo , Ren Jingli
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we investigate the existence and multiplicity of harmonic and subharmonic solutions for second‐order quasilinear equation

where
, g satisfies the superlinear condition at infinity. We prove that the given equation possesses harmonic and subharmonic solutions by using the phase‐plane analysis methods and a generalized version of the Poincaré‐Birkhoff twist theorem.
Activity of catalase enzyme in Paulownia tomentosa seeds during the process of germination after treatments with low pressure plasma and plasma activated water
Authors: Puač Nevena , Škoro Nikola , Spasić Kosta , Živković Suzana , Milutinović Milica , Malović Gordana , Petrović Zoran Lj.
Published: July 2017

In this work we present results of two significantly different types of plasma treatment on Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seeds. In the first type, seeds were directly treated in low‐pressure plasma and then imbibed with distilled water. In the second type, an atmospheric pressure plasma was used for obtaining plasma activated water (PAW) which is then used for imbibition of seeds. The CAT activity and protein content is evaluated during 4 d following the imbibition process, i.e., immediately after the phytochrome activation and in the 3 subsequent days. Comparison of results of treated seeds to the control group allows to correlate the enzyme activity and protein content during the initial stages of germination with plasma treatment types and treatment conditions.
Prognostic nutritional index predicts initial response to treatment and prognosis in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone
Authors: Fan Liancheng , Wang Xiao , Chi Chenfei , Wang Yanqing , Cai Wen , Shao Xiaoguang , Xu Fan , Pan Jiahua , Zhu Yinjie , Shangguan Xun , Xin Zhixiang , Hu Jianian , Xie Shaowei , Wang Rui , Zhou Lixin , Dong Baijun , Xue Wei
Published: July 2017

Objective

To determine if prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and its variation could predict initial response to treatment and prognosis in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with Abiraterone (AA).

Patients and Methods

One‐hundred‐twelve chemotherapy pretreated or chemotherapy‐naive patients were scheduled for systemic treatment with AA. PNI levels were measured before and after one month of AA treatment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictive factors of initial response to AA treatment. Univariable and Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors that were associated with PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), radiographic PFS (rPFS) and overall survival (OS). The Harrell concordance index with variables only or combined PNI data were used to evaluate the prognostic accuracy.

Results

Eighty‐one (72.3%) of 112 patients showed initial response to AA treatment, in which 15 experienced PSA flare during AA treatment. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, high baseline PNI level, PSA level decrease during the first month of AA treatment and PNI level elevation during the first month of AA treatment were significantly correlated with initial response to AA treatment. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, low PNI level remained significant predictors of OS, rPFS and PSA‐PFS. The estimated c‐index of the multivariate model for OS increased from 0.82 without PNI to 0.83 when PNI added.

Conclusion

Independent of PSA level variation, PNI level elevation during the first month of AA treatment and high baseline PNI level were significantly correlated with initial response to AA treatment. In addition, low pretreatment PNI level is a negative independent prognosticator of survival outcomes in mCRPC treated with AA and also increases the accuracy of established prognostic model.
Gas‐phase chemical ionization of 4‐alkyl branched‐chain carboxylic acids and 3‐methylindole using H3O+, NO+, and O2+ ions
Authors: Castada Hardy Z. , Barringer Sheryl A. , Wick Macdonald
Published: July 2017

Rationale

4‐Methyloctanoic acid, 4‐ethyloctanoic acid, 4‐methylnonanoic acid, and 3‐methylindole are primary contributors to the distinctive aroma and flavor of lamb meat. The reactions of H3O+, NO+, and O2+ with these compounds, and identification of the product ions and their distribution, are fundamental to their characterization and rapid, real‐time trace analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS).

Methods

The chemical ionization of pure standards of 4‐ethyloctanoic acid, 4‐methyloctanoic acid, 4‐ethylnonanoic acid, and 3‐methylindole was carried out using the H3O+, NO+, and O2+ reagent ions of a V200™ SIFT mass spectrometer. Kinetic data were calculated using the Langevin collision rate with parameterized trajectory equations. Identification of product ions, distribution, and interferences was performed by further evaluation of the pertinent ion‐molecule reaction mechanisms, careful spectral analyses, and molecular mass‐molecular structure pairing.

Results

The collisional capture rate constants of the reaction of the precursor ions H3O+, NO+, and O2+, their extended hydrates and the analytes, which were assumed to occur at or near the collisional rate, were all of the order of 10−9 cm3 molecule s−1 – typical for bimolecular ion‐molecule reactions. Positive identification of the primary and secondary product ions, fragmented ionic species, and potential ion conflicts and interferences, from each reagent ion channel, was determined for each compound.

Conclusions

We have established the ion chemistry involved in the ionization of the 4‐alkyl branched‐chain fatty acids and 3‐methylindole using the precursor ions, H3O+, NO+, and O2+ in SIFT‐MS. The ion‐molecular chemistry and the associated kinetics serve as a fundamental basis for the accurate characterization of these compounds by SIFT‐MS.
A‐One Pot Four Component and Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrrolo [1, 10]phenanthrolines
Authors: Dhinakaran Isaivani , Padmini Vediappen , Ganesan Kumaresan , Selvarasu Karthikeyan
Published: July 2017

Microwave‐assisted synthesis of pyrrolo[1, 10]‐phenanthrolines in a one pot four component approach afforded a wide range of products within 3 minutes. All the compounds were screened for their biological activities such as anti‐microbial and anti‐cancer activities. Compounds 5 b, 5 c, 5 i, 5 m and 5 n have shown more potent activity when compared to standard doxorubicin against AGS cancer cell line and compounds 5 d and 5 l show more potent microbial activity against MRSA, B. Subtilis and C. Albicans when compared to standard Erythromycin, Oxacillin and Ketoconazole
Formal [2+1] Annulation (Spiro‐Cyclopropanation) Reaction between Sulfur Ylides Derived from Baylis‐Hillman Bromides and Arylidene Indane‐1,3‐Dione
Authors: Roy Suparna , Piradhi Venkatesh
Published: July 2017

The sulfonium salts derived from the Baylis‐Hillman bromides have been successfully employed for the selective cycloproporanation of arylidene indane‐1,3‐diones to synthesize densely substituted spiro‐cyclopropanes in good to excellent yields (upto 94 %). Products were obtained mostly in 1:1 diastereomeric ratio and were isolated in pure form. Diastereoselectivity has been improved by using suitably substituted starting materials. In this case a formal [2+1] annulation reaction competes over a probable [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. The reaction proceeds through a Michael initiated ring closure process of S‐ylides to the activated olefins for the formation of structurally strained spiro‐cyclopropanes.
Mesoporous Organic–Inorganic Core–Shell Necklace Cages for Potentially Capturing Cd2+ Ions from Water Sources
Authors: Soliman Abdel‐Aty E. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , El‐Sewify Islam M. , Taha Gharib M. , El‐Taher Mahmoud. A. , Yamaguchi Hitoshi , Alamoudi Ahmad S. , Selim Mahmoud M. , El‐Safty Sherif A.
Published: July 2017

We report the one‐pot synthesis of ball‐like nanosphere structures composed of an α‐Fe core and an organic shell of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid that connected together to form a nanochain necklace‐like morphology. The hierarchical zigzag nanochain sphere structures have branches growing in clumps, a large surface area, and spherical pore‐like cages and entrances for capture/trapping Cd2+ ions from water sources. The pH solution (i.e., at pH 5) plays a key role in the generation of actively negative surfaces along the entire nanochain sphere adsorbent, thereby creating surfaces with strong binding affinity to Cd2+ ions. The thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics indicated that the nanochain sphere adsorbent with macro‐ and meso‐cage caves and organically decorated surfaces show promise for the spontaneous and endothermic capturing of Cd2+ ion containments from water solutions. The zigzag nanochain mesoporous necklace‐like structure trapper (MNT) exhibited long‐term stability, indicating that it can be used several times (reduced waste volume). The adsorption efficiency and uptake of the deleterious Cd2+ ions retained even after multi‐particulate processing of reuse cycles. The pH‐dependent Cd2+ ion selectivity indicated high adsorption capacity (526.3 mg⋅g−1) and Cd2+ ion‐to‐MNT binding affinity, despite the addition of interfering cations or anions. The zigzag nanochain sphere necklace allows the development of a simple and effective adsorbent model for water purification and management of toxins.
Tyrosinase‐Conjugated Prussian Blue‐Modified Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles‐Based Interface for Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Roychoudhury Appan , Prateek Arneish , Chauhan Neha , Kumar D. S. , Basu Suddhasatwa , Jha Sandeep K.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we have reported fabrication of a label free dopamine biosensor with improved sensitivity and selectivity using an interface based on Prussian blue (PB) modified nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) and tyrosinase enzyme conjugates. A wet chemical sol‐gel method was used to synthesize NiO NPs followed by surface modification with PB and utilized as a matrix to immobilize tyrosinase. The structural and morphological studies of the prepared NPs were conducted using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Raman and UV‐Vis spectroscopy and purity of the sample was confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. Subsequently, the PB modified NiO NPs were deposited onto a flexible screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) substrate and tyrosinase enzyme molecules were immobilized onto PB‐NiO NPs functionalized SPCE by covalent immobilization for selective and sensitive detection of neurotransmitter dopamine. The enzyme immobilization was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR studies and the fabricated electrode was used for electrochemical detection of dopamine using cyclic voltammetry and chrono‐amperometric methods. The results of the electrochemical response studies revealed high sensitivity of 60.459 μA/nanomoles in a broad detection range (0.0075‐1.5 nanomoles) with a detection limit of 3.117 picomoles, whereas sample volume was as low as 15 μL. The proposed sensor exhibited fast response time of 24 seconds; good selectivity in presence of interferents ascorbic and uric acid; descent shelf life of 50 days with excellent reusability (>30 times with 78 % residual response). The sensor was also successfully validated with spiked real serum samples.
N‐doping Hierarchical Porosity Carbon from Biowaste for High‐Rate Supercapacitive Application
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Li Chen , Zhang Xiong , Sun Xianzhong , Wang Kai , Huang Xiaobin , Ma Yanwei
Published: July 2017

In this work, nitrogen‐doped carbon materials with hierarchical porosity were prepared from biowaste of soybean curd residue (SCR) by KOH activation. The morphology, structure and textural properties of the carbon materials are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 absorption‐desorption isotherms, respectively. The products exhibit high specific surface area of 3431 m2 g−1, high nitrogen doping level, outstanding charge storage capacity of 282 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 and good electrochemical stability over 10000 cycles. Moreover, it still retains 200 F g−1 (71 % of its capacitance at 0.5 A g−1) at 20 A g−1. The findings pave the way for improving charge storage capacity of supercapacitors based on activated carbon and provide a new method to transfer biowaste to effective electrode material.
Black Phosphorus: Optical Characterization, Properties and Applications
Authors: Huang Shengxi , Ling Xi
Published: July 2017

The rise of black phosphorus (BP) as a new family member of two‐dimensional (2D) materials brings new concepts and applications to the field, because of the infrared band gap and anisotropic properties of such materials. Among many excellent properties of BP, the optical property attracts special attention in recent years. Optical methods have been widely and successfully used in characterizing BP, not only to obtain the structural information (such as thickness and crystalline orientation), but also to probe the fundamental properties of BP in terms of the behavior of electrons, phonons, excitons etc. In this Review, a comprehensive understanding about the optical characterization of BP such as Raman, absorption, and photoluminescence is presented. Also, the unique optical properties and applications explored in recent years are reviewed.
LP‐211, a selective 5‐HT7 receptor agonist, increases novelty‐preference and promotes risk‐prone behavior in rats
Authors: Beaudet G. , Paizanis E. , Zoratto F. , Lacivita E. , Leopoldo M. , Freret T. , Laviola G. , Boulouard M. , Adriani W.
Published: July 2017

Gambling disorder is associated to an increased impulsivity, a high level of novelty‐seeking and a dysregulation of the forebrain neurotransmission systems. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of this addictive disorder are not fully understood and no valid pharmacological approach has yet been approved. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 5‐HT7 receptor (5‐HT7R) stimulation with a brain penetrant and selective agonist, LP‐211 (0.25 and 0.50 mg kg−1 i.p.) during post‐experience consolidation, (i) acutely in a novelty‐preference test (Exp. 1) or (ii) sub‐chronically in the Probabilistic‐Delivery Task (rPDT, commonly used to measure individual differences in risk proneness of rats; Exp. 2). Results of Exp. 1 showed that 5‐HT7R activation improves consolidation of chamber‐shape memory in the novelty‐preference test, leading to significant novelty‐induced hyperactivity and recognition, in conditions where controls displayed a null‐preference. These results suggest that 5‐HT7Rs may be involved in the consolidation of information inherent to spatial environments, facilitating the recognition of novelty. Furthermore, in the operant rPDT (Exp. 2), 5‐HT7R activation shifts the choice towards a larger yet unlikely reward and turns the propensity of rats towards risk‐prone behavior. Thus, 5‐HT7Rs stimulation apparently strengthens the consideration of future, bigger rewards, also enhancing the seeking of it by operant pokes. These effects may well be explained by LP‐211 actions on hippocampal versus prefrontal cortex‐mediated regulations, leading to improved (though suboptimal) strategy formation. However, further experiments are necessary to determine more in depth the serotonergic pathways involved.
Collapse safety margin and seismic loss assessment of RC frames with equal material cost
Authors: He Zheng , Wang Zheng , Zhang Yantai
Published: July 2017

With the premise of equal material cost, a collapse safety margin‐based collapse resistance optimization strategy for passively controlled reinforced concrete (RC) frames is proposed based on seismic fragility analysis, collapse safety margin analysis, and seismic hazard loss assessment. The efficiency of introducing buckling restrained braces or lead–rubber bearings on the performance of RC frames is studied by so‐called collapse margin ratio (CMR) suggested by FEMA P695 and the modified rigidity‐to‐gravity ratio (RGR). The proposed strategy is developed from the case study on 4 low‐rise and medium‐rise RC frames and then verified on a high‐rise RC frame. The study indicates that lead–rubber bearings can cause a significant improvement at all damage levels. The contribution of buckling restrained braces to structural stiffness and collapse resistance can be maximized when they are located in potential weak stories determined through inelastic time history analysis. CMR exhibits a better linear relation with the minimum modified RGR. Increasing the equivalent story lateral stiffness and the minimum modified RGR simultaneously can give rise to a significant improvement in seismic capacity, especially CMR. Base isolation is proved to be desirable not only for improving the collapse safety margin of RC frames significantly but also for reducing seismic hazard loss.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Na2Be3(SeO3)4·H2O and Cs2[Mg(H2O)6]3(SeO3)4
Authors: Shen Chen , Mei Dajiang , Sun Chuanling , Liu Yunsheng , Wu Yuandong
Published: July 2017

The selenites, Na2Be3(SeO3)4·H2O and Cs2[Mg(H2O)6]3(SeO3)4, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structures of Na2Be3(SeO3)4·H2O and Cs2[Mg(H2O)6]3(SeO3)4 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions. Na2Be3(SeO3)4·H2O crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (no. 2) with unit cell parameters a = 4.8493(9), b = 12.013(2), c = 12.077(2) Å, and Z = 2, whereas Cs2[Mg(H2O)6]3(SeO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m (no. 12) with lattice cell parameters a = 12.596(6), b = 7.297(4), c = 16.914(8) Å, and Z = 2. Na2Be3(SeO3)4·H2O features a three‐dimensional open framework structure formed by BeO4 tetrahedra and SeO3 trigonal pyramids. Na cations and H2O molecules are located in different tunnels. Cs2[Mg(H2O)6]3(SeO3)4 has a structure composed of isolated [Mg(H2O)6] octahedra and SeO3 trigonal pyramids interacted by hydrogen bonds, and Cs cations are resided in‐between. Both compounds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy.
Mouse Nudt13 is a Mitochondrial Nudix Hydrolase with NAD(P)H Pyrophosphohydrolase Activity
Authors: Abdelraheim Salama R. , Spiller David G. , McLennan Alexander G.
Published: July 2017

The mammalian NUDT13 protein possesses a sequence motif characteristic of the NADH pyrophosphohydrolase subfamily of Nudix hydrolases. Due to the persistent insolubility of the recombinant product expressed in Escherichia coli, active mouse Nudt13 was expressed in insect cells from a baculovirus vector as a histidine-tagged recombinant protein. In vitro, it efficiently hydrolysed NADH to NMNH and AMP and NADPH to NMNH and 2′,5′-ADP and had a marked preference for the reduced pyridine nucleotides. Much lower activity was obtained with other nucleotide substrates tested. K
m and k
cat values for NADH were 0.34 mM and 7 s−1 respectively. Expression of Nudt13 as an N-terminal fusion to green fluorescent protein revealed that it was targeted exclusively to mitochondria by the N-terminal targeting peptide, suggesting that Nudt13 may act to regulate the concentration of mitochondrial reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactors and the NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H ratio in this organelle and elsewhere. Future studies of the enzymology of pyridine nucleotide metabolism in relation to energy homeostasis, redox control, free radical production and cellular integrity should consider the possible regulatory role of Nudt13.
A new innovative SLS front air inlet is born
Authors: Negrelli Veronica , Bemposti Matteo Levoni , Grotti Emanuele
Published: July 2017

New materials enable engineers to create tougher, stronger, lighter, higher-performing components. This can be seen with materials such as composites for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technique: driven by demands from high performing sectors such as motorsports and automotive, the frontiers of material development will be pushed to even more extreme levels in order to reach even more successful results.
A comprehensive approach to reablement in dementia
Authors: Poulos Christopher J. , Bayer Antony , Beaupre Lauren , Clare Linda , Poulos Roslyn G. , Wang Rosalie H. , Zuidema Sytse , McGilton Katherine S.
Published: July 2017

As society grapples with an aging population and increasing prevalence of disability, “reablement” as a means of maximizing functional ability in older people is emerging as a potential strategy to help promote independence. Reablement offers an approach to mitigate the impact of dementia on function and independence. This article presents a comprehensive reablement approach across seven domains for the person living with mild‐to‐moderate dementia. Domains include assessment and medical management, cognitive disability, physical function, acute injury or illness, assistive technology, supportive care, and caregiver support. In the absence of a cure or ability to significantly modify the course of the disease, the message for policy makers, practitioners, families, and persons with dementia needs to be “living well with dementia”, with a focus on maintaining function for as long as possible, regaining lost function when there is the potential to do so, and adapting to lost function that cannot be regained. Service delivery and care of persons with dementia must be reoriented such that evidence‐based reablement approaches are integrated into routine care across all sectors.
Style, Computers, and Early Modern Drama
Authors: Craig Hugh , Greatley-Hirsch Brett
Published: July 2017

Hugh Craig and Brett Greatley-Hirsch extend the computational analysis introduced in Shakespeare, Computers, and the Mystery of Authorship (edited by Hugh Craig and Arthur F. Kinney; Cambridge, 2009) beyond problems of authorship attribution to address broader issues of literary history. Using new methods to answer long-standing questions and challenge traditional assumptions about the underlying patterns and contrasts in the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, Style, Computers, and Early Modern Drama sheds light on, for example, different linguistic usages between plays written in verse and prose, company styles and different character types. As a shift from a canonical survey to a corpus-based literary history founded on a statistical analysis of language, this book represents a fundamentally new approach to the study of English Renaissance literature and proposes a new model and rationale for future computational scholarship in early modern literary studies.
Antifascist Humanism and the Politics of Cultural Renewal in Germany
Authors: Agocs Andreas
Published: July 2017

Antifascism is usually described as either a political ideology of activists and intellectuals confronting the dictatorships of Hitler and Mussolini, or as a cynical tool that justified the Stalinist expansion of communism in Europe. Andreas Agocs widens our understanding of antifascism by placing it in the context of twentieth-century movements of 'cultural renewal'. He explores the concept of 'antifascist humanism', the attempt by communist and liberal intellectuals and artists to heal the divisions of Nazism by reviving the 'other Germany' of classical Weimar. This project took intellectual shape in German exile communities in Europe and Latin America during World War II and found its institutional embodiment in the Cultural League for Democratic Renewal in Soviet-occupied Berlin in 1945. During the emerging Cold War, antifascist humanism's uneasy blend of twentieth-century mass politics and cultural nationalism became the focal point of new divisions in occupied Germany and the early German Democratic Republic. This study traces German traditions of cultural renewal from their beginnings in antifascist activism to their failure in the emerging Cold War.
Figures of the Pre-Freudian Unconscious from Flaubert to Proust
Authors: Finn Michael R.
Published: July 2017

An original, wide-ranging contribution to the study of French writing in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this book examines the ways in which the unconscious was understood in literature in the years before Freud. Exploring the influence of medical and psychological discourse over the existence and/or potential nature of the unconscious, Michael Finn discusses the resistance of feminists opposing medical diagnoses of the female brain as the seat of the unconscious, the hypnotism craze of the 1880s and the fascination, in fiction, with dual personality and posthypnotic crimes. The heart of the study explores how the unconscious inserts itself into the writing practice of Flaubert, Maupassant and Proust. Through the presentation of scientific evidence and quarrels about the psyche Michael Finn is able to show the work of such writers in a completely new light.
Discussion: Are the Origins of Indo-European Languages Explained by the Migration of the Yamnaya Culture to the West?
Authors: Klejn Leo S. , Haak Wolfgang , Lazaridis Iosif , Patterson Nick , Reich David , Kristiansen Kristian , Sjögren Karl-Göran , Allentoft Morten , Sikora Martin , Willerslev Eske
Published: July 2017

Two co-authored articles in Nature (Haak et al., 2015; Allentoft et al., 2015) caused a sensation. They revealed genetically the mass migration of steppe Yamnaya culture people in the Early Bronze Age to central and northern Europe. The authors considered this event as the basis of the spread of Indo-European languages. In response, the Russian archaeologist, Leo S. Klejn, expresses critical remarks on the genetic inference, and in particular its implications for the problem of the origins of Indo-European languages. These remarks were shown to the authors and they present their objections. Klejn, however, has come to the conclusion that the authors’ objections do not assuage his doubts. He analyses these objections in a further response.
Days of Action or Restraint? How the Islamic Calendar Impacts Violence
Authors: REESE MICHAEL J. , RUBY KEVEN G. , PAPE ROBERT A.
Published: July 2017

Does the religious calendar promote or suppress political violence in Islamic societies? This study challenges the presumption that the predominant impact of the Islamic calendar is to increase violence, particularly during Ramadan. This study develops a new theory that predicts systematic suppression of violence on important Islamic holidays, those marked by public days off for dedicated celebration. We argue that militant actors anticipate societal disapproval of violence, predictably inducing restraint on these days. We assess our theory using innovative parallel analysis of multiple datasets and qualitative evidence from Islamic insurgencies in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan from 2004 to 2014. Consistent with our theory, we find that important Islamic holidays witness systematic declines in violence—as much as 41%—and provide evidence that anticipation of societal disapproval is producing these results. Significantly, we find no systematic evidence for surges of violence associated with any Islamic holiday, including Ramadan.
Evidence for a number sense
Authors: Burr David C.
Published: July 2017

Numerosity is inherently confounded by related stimulus attributes such as density and area, and many studies have reported interactions of various strengths between area, density, and numerosity. However, direct measurements of sensitivity within the area-density-numerosity space show that numerosity emerges as the most spontaneous and sensitive dimension, strongly supporting the existence of a dedicated number sense.
Perceiving numerosity from birth
Authors: de Hevia Maria Dolores , Castaldi Elisa , Streri Arlette , Eger Evelyn , Izard Véronique
Published: July 2017

Leibovich et al. opened up an important discussion on the nature and origins of numerosity perception. The authors rightly point out that non-numerical features of stimuli influence this ability. Despite these biases, there is evidence that from birth, humans perceive and represent numerosities, and not just non-numerical quantitative features such as item size, density, and convex hull.
Direct and rapid encoding of numerosity in the visual stream
Authors: Park Joonkoo , DeWind Nick K. , Brannon Elizabeth M.
Published: July 2017

The target article dismisses all prior work purporting to demonstrate that number is a conceptual primitive. Here, we take issue with their misrepresentation of our recent line of work on numerosity perception, which demonstrates rapid and direct encoding of numerosity and undermines the thesis of the target article that “continuous magnitudes are more automatic and basic than numerosities” (sect. 1, para. 2).
Up and downs of a magnetic oblique rotator viewed at high resolution
Authors: Nazé Y. , Zhekov S. A. , ud-Doula A.
Published: July 2017

In 2006, the Of?p star HD191612 became the second O-star where a magnetic field was discovered. It provided a benchmark to understand the Of?p phenomenon as a whole. Ten years later, an X-ray monitoring performed at high-resolution reveals the behaviour of the hottest magnetospheric plasma: it is located at ~ 2R⊙, hot but not extreme (log(T) ~ 7), producing unshifted lines, and displaying a very repetitive variability. A direct comparison with simulations yields an overall good agreement, with only a few further improvements needed.
New radio observations of the Type IIn Supernova 1978K
Authors: Ryder Stuart D. , Kool Erik C. , Kotak Rubina
Published: July 2017

SN 1978K is the oldest-known Type IIn supernova, and one of the closest. We report new radio observations at high frequency and spatial resolution. SN 1978K has been detected at 34 and 94 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, while Very Long Baseline Interferometry at 8.4 GHz has allowed us to derive the past average expansion velocity, which indicates significant deceleration as the blast wave interacts with the dense circumstellar medium.
CHIPS: The Carina High-contrast Imaging Project of massive Stars
Authors: Rainot Alan , Sana Hugues , Gomez-Gonzalez Carlos A. , Absil Olivier , DeLorme Philippe , Almeida Leonardo , Caballero-Nieves Saida , Kratter Kaitlin , Lacour Sylvestre , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Pueyo Laurent , Zinnecker Hans
Published: July 2017

The formation of massive stars remains one of the most intriguing questions in astrophysics today. The main limitations result from the difficulty to obtain direct observational constraints on the formation process itself. In this context, the Carina High-contrast Imaging Project of massive Stars (CHIPS) aims to observe all 80+ O stars in the Carina nebula using the new VLT 2nd-generation extreme-AO instrument SPHERE. This instrument offers unprecedented imaging contrast allowing us to detect the faintest companions around massive stars. These novel observational constraints will help to discriminate between the different formation scenarios by comparing their predictions for companion statistics and properties.
Is the Link Between the Observed Velocities of Neutron Stars and their Progenitors a Simple Mass Relationship?
Authors: Bray J. C.
Published: July 2017

While the imparting of velocity ‘kicks’ to compact remnants from supernovae is widely accepted, the relationship of the ‘kick’ to the progenitor is not. We propose the ‘kick’ is predominantly a result of conservation of momentum between the ejected and compact remnant masses. We propose the ‘kick’ velocity is given by vkick = α(Mejecta/Mremnant)+β, where α and β are constants we wish to determine. To test this we use the BPASS v2 (Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis) code to create stellar populations from both single star and binary star evolutionary pathways. We then use our Remnant Ejecta and Progenitor Explosion Relationship (REAPER) code to apply ‘kicks’ to neutron stars from supernovae in these models using a grid of α and β values, (from 0 to 200 km s−1 in steps of 10 km s−1), in three different ‘kick’ orientations, (isotropic, spin-axis aligned and orthogonal to spin-axis) and weighted by three different Salpeter initial mass functions (IMF’s), with slopes of -2.0, -2.35 and -2.70. We compare our synthetic 2D and 3D velocity probability distributions to the distributions provided by Hobbs et al. (1995).
Shear-driven transport and mixing in the interiors of massive stars
Authors: Prat Vincent , Mathis Stéphane
Published: July 2017

Turbulent transport and mixing generated by hydrodynamic instabilities triggered by rotation gradients are key mechanisms in the evolution of massive stars. We present here a summary of the progresses on shear-induced mixing obtained with numerical simulations, along with a new prescription for horizontal turbulence.
The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
Authors: Müller Bernhard
Published: July 2017

The explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is a long-standing problem in stellar astrophysics. We briefly outline the main contenders for a solution and review recent efforts to model core-collapse supernova explosions by means of multi-dimensional simulations. Focusing on the neutrino-driven mechanism, we summarize currents efforts to predict supernova explosion and remnant properties.
The Evolutionary Status of WN3/O3 Wolf-Rayet Stars
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. , Massey Phil , Hillier D. John , Morrell Nidia I.
Published: July 2017

As part of a multi-year survey for Wolf-Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds, we have discovered a new type of Wolf-Rayet star with both strong emission and absorption. While one might initially classify these stars as WN3+O3V binaries based on their spectra, such a pairing is unlikely given their faint visual magnitudes. Spectral modeling suggests effective temperatures and bolometric luminosities similar to those of other early-type LMC WNs but with mass-loss rates that are three to five times lower than expected. They additionally retain a significant amount of hydrogen, with nitrogen at its CNO-equilibrium value (10× enhanced). Their evolutionary status remains an open question. Here we discuss why these stars did not evolve through quasi-homogeneous evolution. Instead we suggest that based on a link with long-duration gamma ray bursts, they may form in lower metallicity environments. A new survey in M33, which has a large metallicity gradient, is underway.