bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Simple Information Provision Lead to More Diverse Classrooms? Evidence from a Field Experiment on Undergraduate Economics
Authors: Bayer Amanda , Bhanot Syon P. , Lozano Fernando
Published: May 2019

This paper reports the results of a field experiment involving 2,710 students across nine US colleges, in which faculty provided incoming women and URM students with information about economics. We randomly assign students to one of three conditions: a control (no email messaging), a Welcome treatment (two emails encouraging students to consider enrolling in economics courses), and a Welcome+Info treatment (which added information showcasing the diversity of research and researchers within economics). The Welcome+Info treatment increases the likelihood of completing an economics course in the first semester of college by 3.0 percentage points, nearly 20 percent of the base rate.
Why the Economics Profession Must Actively Participate in the Privacy Protection Debate
Authors: M. Abowd John , M. Schmutte Ian , N. Sexton William , Vilhuber Lars
Published: May 2019

When Google or the US Census Bureau publishes detailed statistics on browsing habits or neighborhood characteristics, some privacy is lost for everybody while supplying public information. To date, economists have not focused on the privacy loss inherent in data publication. In their stead, these issues have been advanced almost exclusively by computer scientists who are primarily interested in technical problems associated with protecting privacy. Economists should join the discussion, first to determine where to balance privacy protection against data quality--a social choice problem. Furthermore, economists must ensure new privacy models preserve the validity of public data for economic research.
Differential Privacy and Census Data: Implications for Social and Economic Research
Authors: Ruggles Steven , Fitch Catherine , Magnuson Diana , Schroeder Jonathan
Published: May 2019

The Census Bureau has announced new methods for disclosure control in public use data products. The new approach, known as differential privacy, represents a radical departure from current practice. In its pure form, differential privacy techniques may make the release of useful microdata impossible and limit the utility of tabular small-area data. Adoption of differential privacy will have far-reaching consequences for research. It is likely that scientists, planners, and the public will lose the free access we have enjoyed for six decades to reliable public Census Bureau data describing US social and economic change.
Reconciling Data Access and Privacy: Building a Sustainable Model for the Future
Authors: Abraham Katharine G.
Published: May 2019

An important factor in the government's ability to collect data from individuals and businesses is the promise that their information will be kept private. Given the explosion of other data increasingly available in electronic form, however, there is a growing risk that the subjects of federal data collections could be re-identified and their privacy thereby compromised. This implies that current modes for disseminating information based on survey and census data will need to be rethought. While the broad outlines for a new system seem relatively clear, important practical questions about its implementation will need to be addressed.
Work of the Past, Work of the Future
Authors: Autor David H.
Published: May 2019

US cities today are vastly more educated and skill-intensive than they were five decades ago. Yet, urban non-college workers perform substantially less skilled jobs than decades earlier. This deskilling reflects the joint effects of automation and, secondarily, rising international trade, which have eliminated the bulk of non-college production, administrative support, and clerical jobs, yielding a disproportionate polarization of urban labor markets. The unwinding of the urban non-college occupational skill gradient has, I argue, abetted a secular fall in real non-college wages by: (1) shunting non-college workers out of specialized middle-skill occupations into low-wage occupations that require only generic skills; (2) diminishing the set of non-college workers that hold middle-skill jobs in high-wage cities; and (3) attenuating, to a startling degree, the steep urban wage premium for non-college workers that prevailed in earlier decades. Changes in the nature of work--many of which are technological in origin--have been more disruptive and less beneficial for non-college than college workers.
Study and comparison of antibacterial activities of extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium on Penibacillus alvei
Authors: REZVANNEJAD E. , NASIRIFAR E. , LOTFI S. , ABDOLINASAB M.
Published: May 2019

In this study, the antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Zataria multiflora and Teucrium polium was determined against Paenibacillus alvei by disc diffusion method. Paenibacillus alvei is one secondary bacterium for the European foulbrood disease in honey bee. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by using the serial dilution method. For this, Z. multiflora and T. polium are collected from different areas of Iran then they are dried and extracted in lab. The antibacterial effect of alcoholic extracts of Z. multiflora and T. polium was lower than usual standard antibiotics (P<0.01), but the ethanol and methanol extracts of Z. multiflora at a concentration of 60mg/ml, have inhibitory and lethal effects on P. alvei. Also, 100mg/ml concentrations of ethanol extract of T. polium has inhibitory and lethal effects on this bacterium. But, the no one of used concentrations of its methanol extract has inhibitory and lethal effects. Results indicated that used extracts of Z. multiflora have the higher antibacterial effects than extract of T. polium on Paenibacillus alvei. It can be concluded that regarding the high antibacterial power of Z. multiflora, it is necessity to work on how they can be used in control and treatment of bacterial honey bee diseases.
Year-round acoustic presence of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) and baseline ambient ocean sound levels in the Greek Seas
Authors: DIOGOU NIKOLETTA , KLINCK HOLGER , FRANTZIS ALEXANDROS , NYSTUEN JEFFREY A. , PAPATHANASSIOU EVANGELOS , KATSANEVAKIS STELIOS
Published: May 2019

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest odontocete occurring in the Greek Seas. However, monitoring thespecies’ spatiotemporal distribution patterns is especially difficult during the winter months when unfavorable weather conditionsoften hinder survey efforts. In the Greek Seas, visual cetacean surveys are typically not conducted between November and March. In a first attempt to collect year-round baseline information on sperm whale occurrence patterns in Greek waters, two Passive Aquatic Listeners (PALs) were deployed for 19 months, at Pylos Station (36.8 N, 21.6ο E) in the Hellenic Trench, and at Athos Station (40.0 N, 24.7ο E) in the North Aegean Trough. Results revealed the year-round presence of sperm whales at Pylos Station with a higher number of detections observed during late spring and throughout the summer. No sperm whale vocalizations were detected at Athos Station. An ambient sound level analysis revealed higher winter and lower summer levels at both sites largely driven by local weather conditions. Results showed that marine life in the Hellenic Trench area was exposed to higher low frequency (< 1 kHz) sound levels (by up to 10 dB re 1 μPa2/Hz). Ambient noise below 1 kHz is frequently dominated by anthropogenic sources including shipping. Ship strikes and noise disturbance constitute major threats for the small, genetically isolated, endangeredsperm whale population. The results of this study are useful for sperm whale conservation efforts in the region and may helppolicymakers in prioritizing mitigation measures, including the establishment of speed limits and rerouting of ship traffic.
Tobacco smoking and nicotine delivery alternatives: patterns of product use and perceptions in 13 countries
Authors: Riahi Farhad , Rajkumar Sarah , Yach Derek
Published: May 2019

Background: Smoking tobacco products remains a significant public health problem. The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World commissioned a 13-country survey to gain a clearer understanding of the current landscape of smoking behavior and preferences across the world.

Methods: Over 17,000 participants in 13 countries, representing different regions and income groups, answered questions on their smoking patterns and product use, their social context, their motivation to smoke, quit, or switch, and their perception of risks of products and substances. Rim weighting was done for each country to align responses with population demographics, and an additional 200 smokers for each country were surveyed to achieve sufficient sample size for sub-analyses of smoker data.

Results: The observed prevalence of smoking ranged from an age-adjusted high of 57.5% in Lebanon to 8.4% in New Zealand among men, with lower rates for women. The majority of smokers were between 25-54 years old, had daily routines and social patterns associated with smoking, used boxed cigarettes, and rated their health more poorly compared to never smokers. Among a range of products and substances, smokers tended to give both cigarettes and nicotine the highest harm ratings. Smokers in high income countries were largely familiar with electronic nicotine delivery systems; the most commonly given reasons for using them were to cut down or quit smoking. A majority of smokers had tried to quit at least once, and while many tried without assistance, motivations, intentions, and methods for smoking cessation, including professional help, nicotine replacement therapies or medications, or electronic cigarettes, varied among countries.

Conclusions: Smoking is deeply integrated in smokers’ lives worldwide. Although a majority of smokers have tried to quit, and are concerned for their health, they do not seek help. Smokers lack understanding of the harmful components of smoking tobacco products and the risk profile of alternatives.
Strategies for developing and optimizing cancer vaccines
Authors: Maeng Hoyoung M. , Berzofsky Jay A.
Published: May 2019

With the spotlight on cancer immunotherapy and the expanding use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, strategies to improve the response rate and duration of current cancer immunotherapeutics are highly sought. In that sense, investigators around the globe have been putting spurs on the development of effective cancer vaccines in humans after decades of efforts that led to limited clinical success. In more than three decades of research in pursuit of targeted and personalized immunotherapy, several platforms have been incorporated into the list of cancer vaccines from live viral or bacterial agents harboring antigens to synthetic peptides with the hope of stronger and durable immune responses that will tackle cancers better. Unlike adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines can take advantage of using a patient’s entire immune system that can include more than engineered receptors or ligands in developing antigen-specific responses. Advances in molecular technology also secured the use of genetically modified genes or proteins of interest to enhance the chance of stronger immune responses. The formulation of vaccines to increase chances of immune recognition such as nanoparticles for peptide delivery is another area of great interest. Studies indicate that cancer vaccines alone may elicit tumor-specific cellular or humoral responses in immunologic assays and even regression or shrinkage of the cancer in select trials, but novel strategies, especially in combination with other cancer therapies, are under study and are likely to be critical to achieve and optimize reliable objective responses and survival benefit. In this review, cancer vaccine platforms with different approaches to deliver tumor antigens and boost immunity are discussed with the intention of summarizing what we know and what we need to improve in the clinical trial setting.
Case Report: Schwannoma of the sigmoid colon: a case report of a rare colonic neoplasm and review of literature
Authors: Kim Gangmi , Kim Sun Il , Lee Kang Young
Published: May 2019

Background: Schwannomas are tumors originating in Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve system and uncommonly develop in the gastrointestinal tract. Sigmoid colon schwannomas are very rare and only 28 cases have been reported. This study aims to report a case of a sigmoid colon schwannoma and present a literature review.

Case report: We report a case of a 66-year-old female with asymptomatic sigmoid colon schwannoma. The patient underwent a screening colonoscopy and about 4cm sized submucosal tumor was identified at the sigmoid colon. A colonoscopic biopsy was performed and the microscopic exam revealed an ulcerated lesion with a proliferation of fibroblast-like spindle cells beneath ulcer, which was insufficient for diagnosis. Abdominopelvic computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined, well-enhancing, round shaped and slightly heterogenous mass at the sigmoid colon. No distant metastasis was identified in abdominopelvic CT and chest CT scans. Carcinoembryonic antigen level was within a normal range (1.33ng/mL). The patient underwent laparoscopic anterior resection. Immunohistochemical staining of the resected specimen showed positivity for S-100 protein in tumor cells and schwannoma was diagnosed post-surgically. Surgical resection margins were free from tumor and no regional lymph node metastasis was reported.

Conclusion: Colon schwannomas are rare diseases. Most cases of colon schwannomas are accidentally identified during screening colonoscopy. The tumors usually present as submucosal masses and colonoscopic biopsies are mostly non-diagnostic. Surgical resection is required, and definitive diagnosis is made by confirming S-100 positive tumor cells in immunohistochemical analysis. Most cases are benign; a few cases have been reported to be malignant. Surgical resection with free negative margins is the treatment of choice
Methodology of the experiment
Authors: Соснин Эдуард , Sosnin Eduard , Пойзнер Борис , Poizner Boris
Published: May 2019

The authors invite reader to learn the main skills of the experimenter.
The book provides general rules by which we experience the world.
Case studies are selected from the various sciences, from physics and biology to criminology and sociology. Educational tasks and exercises are offered to the reader.
How are subject and object of study born? Is there an algorithm for the process of the unknown cognition? What are the prerequisites of accidental discovery? How to improve the performance of experiments? Why are different scales to provide data used? The answers enable us to become the authors of our own discoveries.
For undergraduates, graduate students, researchers.
A Deterministic Nonsmooth Frank Wolfe Algorithm with Coreset Guarantees
Authors: Ravi Sathya N. , Collins Maxwell D. , Singh Vikas
Published: May 2019

We present a new Frank Wolfe type algorithm that is applicable to minimization problems with a nonsmooth convex objective. We provide convergence bounds and show that the scheme yields so-called coreset results for various machine learning problems including 1-median, balanced development, sparse principal component analysis, graph cuts, and the l1-norm-regularized support vector machine. This means that the algorithm provides approximate solutions to these problems in time complexity bounds that are not dependent on the size of the input data. Our framework, motivated by a growing body of work on sublinear algorithms for various data analysis problems, is entirely deterministic and makes no use of smoothing or proximal operators. Apart from these theoretical results, we show experimentally that the algorithm is very practical and in some cases also offers significant computational advantages on large problem instances. We provide an open source implementation that can be adapted for other problems that fit the overall structure.
Gluten Intake and Risk of Celiac Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of an At-Risk Birth Cohort
Authors: Mårild Karl , Dong Fran , Lund-Blix Nicolai A. , Seifert Jennifer , Barón Anna E. , Waugh Kathleen C. , Taki Iman , Størdal Ketil , Tapia German , Stene Lars C. , Johnson Randi K. , Liu Edwin , Rewers Marian J. , Norris Jill M.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the association between the amount of gluten intake in childhood and later celiac disease (CD), for which data are currently scarce.

METHODS:

The prospective Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young cohort includes 1875 at-risk children with annual estimates of gluten intake (grams/d) from age 1 year. From 1993 through January 2017, 161 children, using repeated tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) screening, were identified with CD autoimmunity (CDA) and persistent tTGA positivity; of these children, 85 fulfilled CD criteria of biopsy-verified histopathology or persistently high tTGA levels. Cox regression, modeling gluten intake between ages 1 and 2 years (i.e., in 1-year-olds), and joint modeling of cumulative gluten intake throughout childhood were used to estimate hazard ratios adjusted for confounders (aHR).

RESULTS:

Children in the highest third of gluten intake between the ages of 1 and 2 years had a 2-fold greater hazard of CDA (aHR 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–3.88; P value = 0.01) and CD (aHR 1.96; 95% CI, 0.90–4.24; P value = 0.09) than those in the lowest third. The risk of developing CDA increased by 5% per daily gram increase in gluten intake (aHR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.09; P value = 0.04) in 1-year-olds. The association between gluten intake in 1-year-olds and later CDA or CD did not differ by the child's human leukocyte antigen genotype. The incidence of CD increased with increased cumulative gluten intake throughout childhood (e.g., aHR 1.15 per SD increase in cumulative gluten intake at age 6; 95% CI, 1.00–1.32; P value = 0.04).

DISCUSSION:

Gluten intake in 1-year-olds is associated with the future onset of CDA and CD in children at risk for the disease.
Persistent Alterations in Plasma Lipid Profiles Before Introduction of Gluten in the Diet Associated With Progression to Celiac Disease
Authors: Sen Partho , Carlsson Cecilia , Virtanen Suvi M. , Simell Satu , Hyöty Heikki , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Hyötyläinen Tuulia , Knip Mikael , Orešič Matej
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy characterized by an autoimmune reaction in the small intestine of genetically susceptible individuals. The underlying causes of autoimmune reaction and its effect on host metabolism remain largely unknown. Herein, we apply lipidomics to elucidate the early events preceding clinical CD in a cohort of Finnish children, followed up in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study.

METHODS:

Mass spectrometry–based lipidomics profiling was applied to a longitudinal/prospective series of 233 plasma samples obtained from CD progressors (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23), matched for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk, sex, and age. The children were followed from birth until diagnosis of clinical CD and subsequent introduction of a gluten-free diet.

RESULTS:

Twenty-three children progressed to CD at a mean age of 4.8 years. They showed increased amounts of triacylglycerols (TGs) of low carbon number and double bond count and a decreased level of phosphatidylcholines by age 3 months as compared to controls. These differences were exacerbated with age but were not observed at birth (cord blood). No significant differences were observed in the essential TGs.

DISCUSSION:

Our preliminary findings suggest that abnormal lipid metabolism associates with the development of clinical CD and occurs already before the first introduction of gluten to the diet. Moreover, our data suggest that the specific TGs found elevated in CD progressors may be due to a host response to compromised intake of essential lipids in the small intestine, requiring de novo lipogenesis.
The effect of MgTiO
3
Adding on Inclusion Characteristics
Authors: Chen Xu , Mingya Zhang , Jianli Li , Songlin Ran , Mengwei Shan , Qiang Yue , Hui Kong
Published: May 2019

MgTiO3 powder was directly added into molten steel at 1873K, and its effect on inclusion characteristics was studied by a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. Thermodynamic calculation indicates that MgTiO3 is unstable in molten steel and may decompose into [Ti], [O] and MgO. However, only Ti-bearing inclusions were observed in the treated sample, and Mg-bearing inclusions were absent. This can be explained by the features of wettability and stability for MgO. Compared with a Non-treated sample, both oxide and coarse MnS in treated sample were refined. For the oxide, this originates from the formation of Ti-bearing inclusion. For coarse MnS, this may be due to the fact that Ti can aggravate S segregation. Besides, this aggravation makes coarse MnS less globular. After etching, it was found that in the treated sample, Ti-bearing inclusion can induce the nucleation of intragranular acicular ferrites. This appearance was totally different from that of Non-treated sample, and indicates the effectiveness of external adding method in oxide metallurgy.
Biological characteristics of cervical precancerous cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Yuzhen , Cao Chengcheng , Zhai Peiling , Zhang Youzhong
Published: May 2019

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) are regarded as precancerous lesions that can progress to cervical carcinoma; however, it is very difficult to effectively differentiate these precancerous cells from cancerous cells based on morphology alone. Additionally, the difference between precancerous cells and cancerous cells in regard to biological behaviour remains unclear. We previously cultured primary normal uterine cervical keratinocytes from human normal cervical tissue and cervical precancerous cells that were naturally infected with human papillomavirus from small-sized neoplastic cervical tissues. Here, we extended our study to further observe the in vitro proliferative characteristics of cervical precancerous cells at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, we found that the growth rate of precancerous cells was significantly faster than that of normal cervical cells and slower than that of Caski cells. However, the proliferative capacity of such precancerous cells was similar to that of cancerous cells of the cervix at the molecular level. These results suggest that the surrounding environment of the cells may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer, which provides an important basis for the further study of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix.
What is a valve clinic?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sanjeev , Parkin Denise , Keith Pearce
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of heart valve disease is increasing as the population ages. A series of studies have shown current clinical practice is sub-optimal. Some patients are referred for surgery at advanced stages of disease with impaired ventricular function or not even considered for surgery. Valve clinics seek to improve patient outcomes by providing an expert-led, patient-centred framework of care designed to provide an accurate diagnosis with active surveillance of valve pathology and timely referral for intervention at guideline directed trigger points. A range of different valve clinic models can be adopted depending on local expertise combining the skill set of cardiologist, physiologist/scientist and nurses. Essential components to all clinics include structured clinical review, echocardiography to identify disease aetiology and severity, patient education and access to both additional diagnostic testing and a multi-disciplinary meeting for complex case review. Recommendations for training in heart valve disease are being developed. There is a growing evidence base for heart valve clinics providing better care with increased adherence to guideline recommendations, more timely referral for surgery and better patient education than conventional care.
Periodismo regional y conflictos sociales. Análisis de las opiniones de los diarios Correo y Los Andes de Puno (Perú) durante el conflicto social del “Aimarazo" (2011)
Authors: Angulo Giraldo Miguel Angel
Published: May 2019

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la labor de dos medios de comunicación regionales, los diarios Correo y Los Andes, respecto al conflicto social del “Aimarazo” (2011), ocurrido en el departamento de Puno (Perú). Se analizan tres cuestiones: los actores y temas mencionados en los artículos de opinión de ambos diarios, los enfoques o los frames periodísticos utilizados en estos textos y las identificaciones ideológicas de los editores de ambos diarios sobre el conflicto estudiado.En el contexto del “Aimarazo”, ambos medios repercutieron en la transformación del conflicto a través de la representación e interpretación de los acontecimientos: se señalaron causas y responsabilidades, se agudizaron las contradicciones y las oposiciones mediante una polarización (víctima-victimario) entre grupos sociales y, finalmente, se legitimaron y deslegitimaron ciertas acciones con base a identificaciones de estos medios con los grupos sociales contrapuestos.
Propuesta de modificación de secuencia de ejecución del ensayo de módulo dinámico
Authors: Delgado Alamilla Horacio , Gómez López José Antonio , Flores Flores Mayra
Published: May 2019

En los últimos años se han desarrollado diferentes métodos de ensayo y metodologías para la caracterización de las propiedades reológicas de materiales asfálticos, de las cuales algunas se han ido incorporando a las metodologías de diseño y normativa de México. Sin embargo, la correcta determinación de propiedades mecánicas de la mezcla asfáltica requiere de evaluaciones complejas, así como la necesidad de otras áreas de conocimientos cómo es la metrología, instrumentación y tratamiento de datos, aunado a una comprensión clara del comportamiento mecánico de un material viscoelástico. Tal es el caso del ensayo de módulo dinámico, el cual tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades viscoelásticas lineales de la mezcla asfáltica mediante la determinación dos parámetros mecánicos el Módulo dinámico o complejo (|E*|) y el ángulo de fase.
“¿BRECHA DE LAS NOTICIAS?”. UNA COMPARACIÓN DE LA OFERTA Y EL CONSUMO DE CONTENIDOS EN NACION.COM Y CRHOY.COM
Authors: Tristán Jiménez Larissa , Álvarez Calvo Mariana
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se analiza la oferta de contenidos y las tendencias de consumo informativo de los lectores y las lectoras de dos medios digitales en Costa Rica: Nacion.com y CRHoy. com durante el mes de mayo del año 2017. Mediante un análisis de contenido, se logró identificar la agenda temática de los medios y su correspondencia con el tipo de noticia que más interesa a la ciudadanía. Los resultados evidencian una relativa similitud entre la ofertay la demanda de noticias sobre asuntos no públicos en ambos medios de comunicación. A partir de lo anterior, se problematiza la noción de “brecha noticiosa” y se sugiere que la falta de interés por los asuntos públicos en Costa Rica es más estructural que episódica.
APROXIMACIÓN A LA ESTRUCTURACIÓN DE CREENCIAS SUPREMACISTAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS
Authors: Barradas Andrés Roberto , Vázquez Parra José Carlos , Zaldívar Dávalos Miguel
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo pretende hacer una reflexión, a partir de una argumentación de índole bibliográfico, acerca de cómo los medios de comunicación pudieran llegar a tener un claro impacto en la generación, desarrollo e incluso regreso, de creencias ideológicas supremacistas, ya no solo en sus seguidores, sino también, en la comunidad en general, constituyendo las creencias que en la actualidad se están usando para argumentar comportamientos de segregación, rechazo y discriminación hacia los grupos minoritarios.
LA DESIGUALDAD DE GÉNERO, LA SOCIALIZACIÓN FEMENINA Y LA VIOLENCIA CONTRA LAS MUJERES EN TRES COMUNIDADES PENTECOSTALES DEL VALLE CENTRAL DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Calderón González Ariel
Published: May 2019

En este documento se estudian los procesos que llevan a las mujeres a convertirse al pentecostalismo, así como, sus implicaciones posteriores. Esta investigación se realizó entre los años 2013 y 2015, utilizando una metodología cualitativa. Entre los principales resultados, se evidenció que las mujeres encuentran un refugio frente a sus problemas, pero a cambio deben rendirse a una socialización femenina que reproduce la desigualdad de género. A partir de lo anterior, la mayoría de las mujeres entrevistadas expresó haber sufrido violencia de género, en una comunidad religiosa que justifica dichas acciones.
REFLEXIONES EN TORNO A LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA EN COLOMBIA: UN BREVE BALANCE HISTORIOGRÁFICO
Authors: Restrepo Zapata Juan David
Published: May 2019

El artículo realiza una reflexión de la enseñanza de la historia en Colombia, a partir de larecopilación de los principales manuales utilizados por el Estado para impartir los cursosde Historia en el país. Se analiza las diferentes formas de abordar la historia a lo largo de lavida republicana colombiana, para identificar aspectos de la construcción nacional, del usopolítico de esta y del avance disciplinar de la historia que se ha escrito y enseñado, sin desconocer el contexto internacional que ha influenciado a Colombia. En dicho sentido, esteestudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer una mirada panorámica al desarrollo y evolución de laenseñanza de la historia en el país, teniendo en cuenta los procesos de la vida nacional, lasinfluencias educativas y políticas, así como, el significado de enseñar esta ciencia social enun país tan complejo como Colombia.
Az európai és a magyarországi kanyaróhelyzet összefoglalása és tanulságai
Authors: Lengyel György , Ánosi Noel , Marossy Anna , Mátyus Mária , Bosnyákovits Tünde , Orosz László
Published: May 2019

Abstract:

Measles is one of the most serious preventable infectious diseases, which in our country were among the rare diseases in the last 10 to 20 years. One of the reasons for this is that the Hungarian population born after 1969 was vaccinated in almost 99 percent. The other reason is that in the period prior to vaccination era, the often-occurring measles epidemics left life-long immunity in the affected persons. Thus, natural and artificial immunizations provided extensive herd immunity. However, the ongoing measles epidemics in Europe have highlighted the fact that the symptoms and differential diagnosis related to measles have been relegated to the negligible category for the last 20 years. In addition to reviewing the consequences of the European measles pandemics in Hungary, the purpose of this paper is to revise and summarize the clinical and laboratory knowledge required to establish a definitive epidemiological control of measles. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(20): 767–773.
Analisis Teknis dan Finansial Usaha Penangkapan Jaring Rampus (Gill Net) di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Cituis Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Juliani Lusy Maulia , Mudzakir Abdul Kohar , Wijayanto Dian
Published: May 2019

Perairan Kabupaten Tangerang memiliki potensi perikanan laut yang melimpah, terdapat banyak alat tangkap yang seperti cantrang, arad, payang, pancing ulur, bubu dan gill net. Jaring rampus merupakan alat tangkap jaring insang hanyut yang biasa digunakan nelayan untuk menangkap ikan-ikan pelagis kecil seperti ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger spp) dan ikan Layur (Trichiurus lepturus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui teknis penangkapan jaring rampus dan mengkaji kelayakan usaha penangkapan jaring rampus di PPI Cituis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 - Januari 2019. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei. Metode aspek teknis yang digunakan yaitu hanging ratio, shortening, tinggi jaring dan luas jaring dari alat tangkap jaring rampus. Metode analisis finansial usaha yang digunakan yaitu NPV, IRR, R/C ratio, ROI, BEP, PP dan Analisis Sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kapal jaring rampus berukuran 5-6 GT dan memiliki mesin penggerak berkekuatan 16-30 PK. Hasil dari analisis teknis alat tangkap jaring rampus yang diperoleh nilai hanging ratio sebesar 0,6; shortening sebesar 0,4; tinggi jaring sebesar 3,672 m dan luas jaring sebesar 144,7 m² dalam satu pis. Hasil analisis kelayakan usaha yang diperoleh nilai R/C ratio sebesar 1,17; BEP harga sebesar Rp.68.208,-; BEP produksi sebesar 2.266 kg; ROI sebesar 17%; NPV sebesar Rp.196.664.224,-; IRR sebesar 64,93%; PP sebesar 3,625 tahun dan Analisis sensitifitas < 1. Kesilmpulan yang dapat diperoleh menunjukan bahwa usaha penangkapan Jaring rampus di PPI Cituis, Kabupaten Tangerang layak untuk diusahakan atau dilanjutkan.
Linear Perspective and the Renaissance Lyric
Authors: Johnson Kimberly
Published: May 2019

As recent art historical scholarship has demonstrated, the techniques of linear perspective displace narrative (the artwork's content) in favor of the relations between aesthetic objects (the artwork's form). In this regard, perspectival art performs a rhetorical transaction analogous to that of its “sister art,” lyric poetry. The formal features and poetic strategies of lyric parallel the geometric effects of perspectival art: both practices differentiate the aesthetic surface from the transparentizing demands of narrative. Each art form stages the interaction of irreconcilable terms—contentandform—and documents the dynamic and incommensurable relation between semantic meaning and meaninglessness. Lyric's dominance in the Renaissance, exemplified here by sonnets of Sidney and Shakespeare, reflects a wider cultural valorization of the experiential and materializing priorities of the aesthetic, an affirmation of objective, apprehensible elements whose significance is unyoked from the obligation to narrative.
Vanishing Worlds: Epic Disappearance inManhattan Beach
Authors: Hepburn Allan
Published: May 2019

In Jennifer Egan's manhattan beach, certain aspects of american culture—farmland in brooklyn, the ziegfeld follies, Jean Harlow's curls, the “old salts” who sailed in wooden ships (259)—are recalled at the moment of their vanishing. These and other disappearances provide evidence that, in the novel, historical change is treated as an epic trope. At the same time, disappearances mark swerves in an individual character's destiny as novelistic events. In its blending of history with individuals' stories,Manhattan Beachcan be called an epic novel, along the lines of Herman Melville'sMoby-Dickand Don DeLillo'sLibra.Whereas novels particularize individual experience in an evolving present, epics position individual destinies in a fixed, complete history. Novels differ from epics in the distance that they take from their respective subjects, though the two genres demonstrate “all-inclusiveness” and “expansiveness” (Merchant 71, 93). The epic novel mobilizes at the point where national ambitions overlay personal stories. hrough the trope of disappearance,Manhattan Beachcorrelates the epic ambition to show historical transformation with the novelistic ambition to represent personal renewal. Disappearances may be escapes, but they also forecast characters' fresh starts and future convergences.
High-performance concrete made with dune sand
Authors: Kog Yue Choong
Published: May 2019

When concrete is placed in harsh conditions where aggressive chemicals are present, high-performance concrete that provides the highest levels of durability and technical performance is required. At the same time, locally available construction materials must be used so that the cost of concrete production is minimised. Deserts, which generally receive less than 250 mm of precipitation each year, take up about a third of the Earth's land surface. Dune sand is available in abundance in deserts. This article presents a case study of the use of dune sand to produce high-performance concrete and illustrates that large-scale usage of dune sand in real projects – where there is a degree of variability and changes in construction materials, personnel and weather over a duration of two to three years – is feasible and can result in significant cost savings. This paper reports on the lessons learned from a construction project for a 2 km tunnel in the Middle East with an intended working life of 75 years, for which very stringent requirements for high-performance concrete were stipulated in the technical specifications owing to the adverse environmental conditions. The concrete fully met the requirements even though dune sand, as partial replacement of manufactured sand, was used as fine aggregate.
Centrifuge modelling of drained pullout and compression cyclic behaviour of suction bucket
Authors: Jeong Yeong-Hoon , Kim Jae-Hyun , Manandhar Satish , Ha Jeong-Gon , Park Heon-Joon , Kim Dong-Soo
Published: May 2019

In recent years, the tripod suction bucket foundation has been considered as an option to support offshore wind turbines. In an offshore environment, a wind turbine foundation should be designed considering cyclic loading, which can lead to the permanent deformation of structures, tilting and the degradation of soil stiffness. However, there are several uncertainties in the prediction of the cyclic behaviour of the tripod foundation, since the cyclic horizontal, vertical and moment loadings applied on each bucket lead to a complicated mechanism for each bucket. In this study, the behaviour of the tripod foundation under cyclic loadings was indirectly investigated through the vertical compression and pullout tests of the bucket because the overturning moment applied to the tripod foundation presumably acts as vertical compressive and pullout loads on each bucket. A series of centrifuge model tests were performed by applying one-way (i.e. vertical compression and pullout) and two-way cyclic loadings to the single bucket. Additionally, the effects of cyclic loading level were investigated. It was confirmed that the cyclic behaviour of the single bucket is significantly affected by loading direction and level. This study highlights the importance of considering load characteristics when predicting the cyclic behaviour of the tripod.
Business Dynamics in the National Establishment Time Series (NETS)
Authors: Crane Leland D. , Decker Ryan A.
Published: May 2019

Business microdata have proven useful in a number of fields, but the main sources of comprehensive microdata are subject to significant confidentiality restrictions. A growing number of papers instead use a private data source seeking to cover the universe of U.S. business establishments, the National Establishment Time Series (NETS). Previous research documents the representativeness of NETS in terms of the distribution of employment and establishment counts across industry, geography, and establishment size. But there exists considerable need among researchers for microdata suitable for studying business dynamics---birth, growth, decline, and death. We evaluate NETS in terms of its ability to corroborate key insights from the business dynamics literature with a particular focus on the behavior of new and young firms. We find that NETS microdata exhibit patterns of business dynamics that are markedly different from official administrative sources, limiting the usefuln ess of NETS for studying these topics.
Rudy and Me: A Man and Dog's Joint Exploration of Their Neighbourhood and Implications for the Transformation of Schooling and Education Research
Authors: Bernauer James A.
Published: May 2019

If we begin with the premise that learning opportunities are not confined to classrooms, then we open up a new way of thinking about education. Most research in qualitative inquiry explores humans and their complexity, based on interviews and observations. However, if we shift our focus to the context itself and, more specifically, to the objects that we see and experience in the world around us, these sights and experiences can be incorporated more fully into the ever developing and deepening reflective memories that connect our present to our past. In this article, I used daily walks with Rudy, our family beagle, as a field of data that could transform the commonplace sensory experience of objects into new perspectives for education and education research. While the human explorer in this study focused on the past, current, and future meanings of objects encountered during the fall and winter of 2017, his canine collaborator focused on everything sensory. As it turned out, Rudy enlarged the experiences and appreciations of the human because dogs, like children, are more concerned with the present than with memories of the past or concerns about the future.
Design and Validation of Inquiry-based STEM Learning Strategy as a Powerful Alternative Solution to Facilitate Gift Students Facing 21st Century Challenging
Authors: ABDURRAHMAN Abdurrahman , NURULSARİ Novinta , MAULİNA Hervin , ARİYANİ Farida
Published: May 2019

Engagement
in STEM across the primary-secondary school transition has been widely
investigated. However, integrated-STEM implementation had not shown practical
packaging and could not reach all the skills that gift students needed in the
21st century. The main perspective of STEM education refers to the conclusion
that the learning approach was student-centered. The concept of this point of
view was like an inquiry-based approach, where the inquiry approach was
oriented to fostering student inquiry skills through active experiments. The
purpose of this study was to design and validated an inquiry-basedSTEM learning strategy design that could
systematically guide instructors or designers in creating an appropriate gifted
students learning activities oriented to 21st century
skills. Using an established method for model development research, a
theoretically constructed initial model was iteratively improved and underwent
internal validation through expert review. In a field study of an inquiry-based STEM
learning strategy ,
we examine the design and operational characteristics that were important for
the  expressive role of the learning
strategy. The
pilot study indicated that the inquiry-based STEM learning strategy could improve
gift students' abilities in accordance with 21st century learning frameworks.
U Michigan - Glomerular Filtration Rate Determination with Minipump Inulin Clearance v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is the protocol for measuring Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with minipump FITC-inulin clearance in mice. In brief, Alzet micro-osmotic pumps (minipumps, Model 1007D) are filled with 3% FITC-inulin solution. These pumps release FITC-inulin at a rate of 0.5 μl/hr at least seven days. Mouse is temporarily anesthetized and then two mini-pumps are implanted in mouse peritoneal cavity through a tiny midline incision. After surgery, 24-hour urine is collected with metabolic cage and 100 μl of blood from saphenous vein is obtained at the same time. The concentrations of FITC-inulin in urine and blood samples are measured by flurometer and GFR is calculated by the concentration of FITC-inulin in 24-hour-urine and the concentration of FITC-inulin in plasma.
U Michigan - Hind Paw Withdrawal for Rodents v1
Authors: Feldman Eva
Published: May 2019

Summary: This protocol measures and quantifies the pain in rodent hind paw. These measurements can be used to evaluate the pathology present in the nervous system.
U Michigan - Intra-Epidermal Fiber Density v1
Authors: L. Feldman Eva
Published: May 2019

Summary: Intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) is used as a tool to assess small fiber neuropathy. IENFD
U Michigan - Spot urine collection v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff
Published: May 2019

Summary: Collection of urine from experimental animals is a basic requirement to detect albumin/creatinine ratio for glomerular nephropathy. This is a non-invasive, simple, quick, and inexpensive method for collecting spot urine from mouse when a small volume of urine (10-500ul) sample is required.
UC Davis - Leptin Signaling pathway v1
Authors: G. Haj Fawaz
Published: May 2019

Summary: This test is designated to determine if rodents exhibit activation of leptin signaling pathway through evaluation of the phosphorylation state of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins.
Opening Access To Practice-based Evidence in Clinical Decision Support Systems with Natural Query Language
Authors: Kapłański Paweł , Seganti Alessandro , Cieśliński Krzysztof , Chrabrowa Aleksandra , Koziolkiewicz Jerzy , Bryk Marcin , Ługowska Iwona
Published: May 2019

Evidence-based medicine can be effective only if constantly tested against errors in medical practice. Clinical record database summarization supported by a machine allows allow to detect anomalies and therefore help detect the errors in early phases of care. Summarization system is a part of Clinical Decision Support Systems however it cannot be used directly by the stakeholder as long as s/he is not able to query the clinical record database. Natural Query Languages allow opening access to data for clinical practitioners, that usually do not have knowledge about articial query languages. Results: We have developed general purpose reporting system called Ask Data Anything (ADA) that we applied to a particular CDSS implementation. As a result, we obtained summarization system that opens the access for these of clinical researchers that were excluded from the meaningful summary of clinical records stored in a given clinical database. The most significant part of the component - NQL parser - is a hybrid of Controlled Natural Language (CNL) and pattern matching with a prior error repair phase. Equipped with reasoning capabilities due to the intensive use of semantic technologies, our hybrid approach allows one to use very simple, keyword-based (even erroneous) queries as well as complex CNL ones with the support of a predictive editor. By using ADA sophisticated summarizations of clinical data are produced as a result of NQL query execution. In this paper, we will present the main ideas underlying ADA component in the context of CDSS.
Two Medieval Traditions of Lublin and Their Influence on the Local Community’s Sense of Identity (13th? – the Beginning of the 17th Century)
Authors: Michalski Wojciech
Published: May 2019

Artykuł przedstawia średniowieczne wersje dwóch opowieści o przeszłości Lublina, dotyczące oblężenia miejscowego zamku przez Tatarów na przełomie 1340 i 1341 r. oraz ukazania się świętego Michała księciu Leszkowi Czarnemu i zwycięstwa władcy nad Jaćwingami w 1282 r. Przyglądając się śladom znajomości tych narracji w mieście nad Bystrzycą do początku XVII w., autor dowodzi, że były to wówczas dobrze znane tradycje lokalne. Wyrażały one idee szczególnie ważne i atrakcyjne dla społeczności Lublina. Za ich sprawą członkowie miejscowej wspólnoty postrzegali ważne elementy miejskiej przestrzeni w swoisty dla swej grupy sposób. Można zatem dostrzec, że opowieści z kręgu legendarnych dziejów Lublina oddziaływały na poczucie tożsamości członków społeczności Lublina w kilku ważnych aspektach.
“And (Don’t) Stay on the Path…” – Transformation of the Fairy Tale into the Psychological Thriller in the Game The Path
Authors: Kottke Dagmara
Published: May 2019

Celem artykułu jest próba analizy procesu transformacji baśni w thriller psychologiczny w grze komputerowej The Path. Punkt wyjścia do rozważań stanowi teoria strukturalna Vladimira Proppa, który poddał badaniom tradycyjne baśni, wyodrębniając ich elementy wspólne, takie jak funkcje i role postaci. Rosyjski strukturalista w swojej teorii jako kluczowe elementy opowieści uwypukla bohaterów i ich działania, istotne nie tylko z punktu widzenia teoretyków literatury, ale również badaczy podejmujących refleksję nad grami komputerowymi. Studium wykazuje, że funkcje i role bohaterów tradycyjnych baśni wyróżnione przez Proppa zostają w The Path zdeformowane: gra „schodzi” z wyznaczonej przez strukturę baśni ścieżki, tworząc lukę w gatunkowej przestrzeni, która zostaje wypełniona elementami właściwymi dla thrillera psychologicznego. Odwrócenie i deformacja funkcji oraz roli postaci baśniowych skutkuje przeobrażeniem opowiedzianej w grze historii w thriller. Owo przeobrażenie wydaje się niezwykle płynne dlatego, że baśń i thriller psychologiczny nie są całkowicie odmiennymi, wykluczającymi się gatunkami; przeciwnie – uzupełniają się wzajemnie. Drugi pokazuje i dopowiada to, co pierwszy przemilcza lub zataja.