bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localized Reduced Basis Methods for Time Harmonic Maxwell’s Equations
Authors: Buhr Andreas , Ohlberger Mario , Rave Stephan
Published: May 2018

Localized model order reduction methods have attracted significant attention during the last years. They have favorable parallelization properties and promise to perform well on cloud architectures, which become more and more commonplace. We introduced ArbiLoMod, a localized reduced basis method targeted at the important use case of changing problem definition, wherein the changes are of local nature. This is a common situation in simulation software used by engineers optimizing a CAD model. An especially interesting application is the simulation of electromagnetic fields in printed circuit boards, which is necessary to design high frequency electronics. The simulation of the electromagnetic fields can be done by solving the time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations, which results in a parameterized, inf-sup stable problem which has to be solved for many parameters. In this multi-query setting, the reduced basis method can perform well. Experiments have shown two dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell’s to be amenable to localized model reduction. However, Galerkin projection of an inf-sup stable problem is not guaranteed to be stable. Existing stabilization methods for the reduced basis method involve global computations and are thus not applicable in a localized setting. Replacing the Galerkin projection with the minimization of a localized a posteriori error estimator provides a stable reduction for inf-sup stable projects which retains all the advantageous properties of localized model order reduction. It allows for an offline-online decomposition and requires no global computations in the unreduced space.
Stochastic Galerkin reduced basis methods for parametrized random elliptic PDEs
Authors: Ullmann Sebastian , Lang Jens
Published: May 2018

We consider the estimation of parameter-dependent statistical outputs for parametrized elliptic PDE problems with random data. We propose a stochastic Galerkin reduced basis method, which provides the expected output for a given parameter value at the cost of solving a single low-dimensional system of equations. This is substantially faster than usual Monte Carlo reduced basis methods, which require multiple samples of the reduced solution.
An efficient algorithm for Padé-type approximation of the frequency response for the Helmholtz problem
Authors: Pradovera Davide , Nobile Fabio , Bonizzoni Francesca , Perugia Ilaria
Published: May 2018

We consider the map
$\mathcal{S}:\mathbb{C}\to H^1_0(\Omega)=\{v\in H^1(D), v|_{\partial\Omega}=0\}$
, which associates a complex value z with the weak solution of the (complex-valued) Helmholtz problem
$-\Delta u-zu=f$
over
$\Omega$
for some fixed
$f\in L^2(\Omega)$
. We show that
$\mathcal{S}$
is well-defined and meromorphic in
$\mathbb{C}\setminus\Lambda$
,
$\Lambda=\{\lambda_\alpha\}_{\alpha=1}^\infty$
being the (countable, unbounded) set of (real, non-negative) eigenvalues of the Laplace operator (restricted to
$H^1_0(\Omega)$
). In particular, it holds
$\mathcal{S}(z)=\sum_{\alpha=1}^\infty\frac{s_\alpha}{\lambda_\alpha-z}$
, where the elements of
$\{s_\alpha\}_{\alpha=1}^\infty\subset H^1_0(\Omega)$
are pair-wise orthogonal with respect to the
$H^1_0(\Omega)$
inner product. We define a Pad\'e-type approximant of any map as above around
$z_0\in\mathbb{C}$
: given some integer degrees of the numerator and denominator respectively,
$M,N\in\mathbb{N}$
, the exact map is approximated by a rational map
$\mathcal{S}_{[M/N]}:\mathbb{C}\setminus\Lambda\to H^1_0(\Omega)$
. We define such approximant within a Least-Squares framework, through the minimization of a suitable functional based on samples of the target solution map and of its derivatives at
$z_0$
. In particular, the denominator of the approximant is the minimizer (under some normalization constraints) of the
$H^1_0(\Omega)$
norm of a Taylor coefficient of
$Q\mathcal{S}$
, as Q varies in the space of polynomials with degree
$\leq N$
. The numerator is then computed by matching as many terms as possible of the Taylor series of
$\mathcal{S}$
with those of
$\mathcal{S}_{[M/N]}$
, analogously to the classical Pad\'e approach. The resulting approximant is shown to converge, as
$M+N$
goes to infinity, to the exact map
$\mathcal{S}_{[M/N]}$
in the
$H^1_0(\Omega)$
norm for values of the parameter sufficiently close to
$z_0$
(a sharp bound on the region of convergence is given). Moreover, it is proven that the approximate poles converge exponentially (as M goes to infinity) to the N elements of
$\Lambda$
closer to
$z_0$
.
Statistical Learning in Tree-Based Tensor Format
Authors: Grelier Erwan , Chevreuil Mathilde , Nouy Anthony
Published: May 2018

Tensor methods are widely used tools for the approximation of high dimensional functions. Such problems are encountered in uncertainty quantification and statistical learning, where the high dimensionality imposes to use specific techniques, such as rank-structured approximations [1].

In this work, we introduce a statistical learning algorithm for the approximation in tree-based tensor format, which are tensor networks whose graphs are dimension partition trees. This tensor format includes the Tucker format, the Tensor-Train format, as well as the more general Hierarchical tensor formats [4]. It can be interpreted as a deep neural network with a particular architecture [2].

The proposed algorithm uses random evaluations of a function to provide a tree-based tensor approximation, with adaptation of the tree-based rank by using a heuristic criterion based on the higher-order singular values to select the ranks to increase, and of the approximation spaces of the leaves of the tree.

We then present a learning algorithm for the approximation under the form u(x) ≈ v(z_1,...,z_m) where v is a tensor in tree-based format and the z_i = g_i(x), 1 ≤ i ≤ m, are new variables. A strategy based on the projection pursuit regression [3] is proposed to compute the mappings g_i and increase the effective dimension m.

The methods are illustrated on different examples to show their efficiency and adaptability as well as the power of representation of the tree-based tensor format, possibly combined with changes of variables.
Dynamical low rank approximation of time dependent random PDEs
Authors: Vidlickova Eva , Nobile Fabio , Musharbash Eleonora
Published: May 2018

Partial differential equations with random coefficients and input data arise in many real world applications. What they often have in common is that the data describing the PDE model are subject to uncertainties. The numerical approximation of statistics of this random solution poses several challenges, in particular when the number of random parameters is large and/or the parameter-to-solution map is complex. Therefore, effective surrogate or reduced models are of great need. We consider a class of time dependent PDEs with random parameters and search for an approximate solution in a separable form, i.e. at each time instant expressed as a linear combination of linearly independent spatial functions multiplied by linearly independent random variables (low rank approximation) in the spirit of a truncated Karhunen-Loeve expansion. Since the optimal deterministic and stochastic modes can significantly change over time, static versions, such as proper orthogonal decomposition or polynomial chaos expansion, may lose their effectiveness. Instead, here we consider a dynamical approach in which those modes are computed on-the-fly as solutions of suitable auxiliary evolution equations. From a geometric point of view, this approach corresponds to constraining the original dynamics to the manifold of fixed rank functions. The original equations are projected onto the tangent space of this manifold along the approximate trajectory. In this poster we recall the construction of the DLR method and give some implementation details. The spatial discretization is carried out by the finite element method and the discretization of the random variables relies on an adaptive choice of sparse grid. We will present some numerical test cases including the heat equation with a random diffusion coefficient and initial condition.
Towards a stable and fast dynamic skeletal muscle model
Authors: Mordhorst Mylena , Haasdonk Bernard , Röhrle Oliver
Published: May 2018

Forward simulations of three-dimensional, continuum-mechanical skeletal muscle models are computationally demanding and expensive. To adequately represent the muscles’ mechanical behaviour, a fully dynamic modelling framework based on the theory of finite hyperelasticity, which accounts for the highly nonlinear, anisotropic, viscoelastic and incompressible material behaviour, needs to be established. Discretisation of the governing equations yields a nonlinear second-order differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, which represents a challenge for solution strategies as well as for the application of model order reduction techniques. In this contribution, we will compare different solution strategies (DAE index reduction, different solvers) as well as the performance of reduced order models obtained by means of Galerkin and Petrov-Galerkin projection using different projection and test spaces.
On the Interpolation of Reduced-Order Models
Authors: Yue Yao , Feng Lihong , Benner Peter
Published: May 2018

A parametric model-order reduction method based on interpolation of reduced-order models, namely the pole-matching method, is proposed for linear systems in the frequency domain. It captures the parametric dynamics of the system by interpolating the positions and amplitudes of the poles. The pole-matching method relies completely on the reduced-order models themselves, regardless of how they are built. It is able to deal with many parameters as well as complicated parameter dependency. Numerical results show that the proposed pole-matching method gives accurate results even when it interpolates two reduced-order models of completely different nature, one computed by a projection-based method and the other computed by a data-driven method.
Fast Solution of the Nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann Equation Using the Reduced Basis Method and Range-Separated Tensor Format
Authors: Kweyu Cleophas , Feng Lihong , Stein Matthias , Benner Peter
Published: May 2018

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is a nonlinear elliptic parametrized partial differential equation that is ubiquitous in biomolecular modeling. It determines a dimensionless electrostatic potential around a biomolecule immersed in an ionic solution \cite{Chen}. For a monovalent electrolyte (i.e. a symmetric 1:1 ionic solution) it is given by
$$\label{PBE} -\vec{\nabla}.(\epsilon(x)\vec{\nabla}u(x)) + \bar{\kappa}^2(x) \sinh(u(x)) = \frac{4\pi e^2}{k_B T}\sum_{i=1}^{N_m}z_i\delta(x-x_i) \quad \textrm{in} \quad \Omega \in \mathbb{R}^3, $$

$$\label{eq:Dirichlet} u(x) = g(x) \quad \textrm{on} \quad \partial{\Omega}, $$
where
$\epsilon(x)$
and
$\bar{k}^2(x)$
are discontinuous functions at the interface between the charged biomolecule and the solvent, respectively.
$\delta(x-x_i)$
is the Dirac delta distribution at point
$x_i$
. In this study, we treat the PBE as an interface problem by employing the recently developed range-separated tensor format as a solution decomposition technique \cite{BKK_RS:16}. This is aimed at separating efficiently the singular part of the solution, which is associated with
$\delta(x-x_i)$
, from the regular (or smooth) part. It avoids building numerical approximations to the highly singular part because its analytical solution, in the form of
$u_{\textrm{s}}(x) = \alpha \sum_{i=1}^{Nm}z_i/ \lvert x-x_i \rvert$
exists, hence increasing the overall accuracy of the PBE solution.\\

On the other hand, numerical computation of \eqref{PBE} yields a high-fidelity full order model (FOM) with dimension of
$\mathcal{O}(10^5)$

$\sim$

$\mathcal{O}(10^6)$
, which is computationally expensive to solve on modern computer architectures for parameters with varying values, for example, the ionic strength,
$I \in \bar{k}^2(x)$
. Reduced basis methods are able to circumvent this issue by constructing a highly accurate yet small-sized reduced order model (ROM) which inherits all of the parametric properties of the original FOM \cite{morRozHP08}. This greatly reduces the computational complexity of the system, thereby enabling fast simulations in a many-query context. We show numerical results where the RBM reduces the model order by a factor of approximately $350,000$ and computational time by $7,000$ at an accuracy of
$\mathcal{O}(10^{-8})$
. This shows the potential of the RBM to be incorporated in the available software packages, for example, the adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann software (APBS).
PGD Variational vademecum for robot motion planning. A dynamic obstacle case
Authors: Montés N. , Hilario L. , Nadal E. , Mora M.C. , Falcó A. , Chinesta F. , Duval J.L.
Published: May 2018

A fundamental robotics task is to plan collision-free motions for complex bodies from a start to a goal position among a set of static and dynamic obstacles. This problem is well known in the literature as motion planning (or the piano mover's problem). The complexity of the problem has motivated many works in the field of robot path planning. One of the most popular algorithms is the Artificial Potential Field technique (APF). This method defines an artificial potential field in the configuration space (C-space) that produces a robot path from a start to a goal position. This technique is very fast for RT applications. However, the robot could be trapped in a deadlock (local minima of the potential function). The solution of this problem lies in the use of harmonic functions in the generation of the potential field, which satisfy the Laplace equation. Unfortunately, this technique requires a numerical simulation in a discrete mesh, making useless for RT applications. In our previous work, it was presented for the first time, the Proper Generalized Decomposition method to solve the motion planning problem. In that work, the PGD was designed just for static obstacles and computed as a vademecum for all Start and Goal combinations. This work demonstrates that the PGD could be a solution for the motion planning problem. However, in a realistic scenario, it is necessary to take into account more parameters like for instance, dynamic obstacles. The goal of the present paper is to introduce a diffusion term into the Laplace equation in order to take into account dynamic obstacles as an extra parameter. Both cases, isotropic and non-isotropic cases are into account in order to generalize the solution.
Parametric space-frequency reduction for second-order system models
Authors: Cool Vanessa , Naets Frank , Rottiers Ward , Desmet Wim
Published: May 2018

This research focusses on the computational cost reduction of frequency domain simulations in many-query applications with varying model parameters. These analyses are often encountered during the design of mechanical structures, where frequency response function (FRF) amplitudes are still one of the key performance metrics to be considered. Moreover, often inputs (number and frequency content) can vary broadly, which makes it all the more challenging to set up the reduced model.
POD-Galerkin reduced order methods for inverse and multi-physics problems in fluid dynamics
Authors: Nonino Monica , Strazzullo Maria , Zainib Zakia , Ballarin Francesco , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: May 2018

In this work we will focus on recent advances in reduced order modelling for parametrized problems in computational fluid dynamics, with a special attention to the case of inverse problems, such as optimal flow control problems and data assimilation, and multi-physics applications.

Among the former, we will discuss applications arising in environmental marine sciences and engineering, namely a pollutant control in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy and a solution tracking governed by quasi-geostrophic equations describing North Atlantic Ocean dynamic. Similar methodologies will also be employed in problems related to the modeling of the cardiovascular system.

Among the latter, we will present further recent developments on reduction of fluid-structure interaction problems, based on our earlier work. Reduced order approaches for parametric optimal flow control will also be applied in combination with domain decomposition in view of further applications in multi-physics.

This work is in collaboration with Y. Maday (UPMC Université Paris 06, France), L. Jiménez-Juan (Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada), P. Triverio (University of Toronto, Canada), R. Mosetti (National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Trieste, Italy).
A Hierarchical A-Posteriori Error Estimator for the Reduced Basis Method
Authors: Hain Stefan , Ohlberger Mario , Radic Mladjan , Urban Karsten
Published: May 2018

We present an online-efficient hierarchical a-posteriori error estimator for the Reduced Basis Method (RBM), which uses the difference of two reduced approximations of different accuracy to estimate the true error of a reduced approximation. Effectivity as well as performance are investigated, especially for those cases where the inf-sup constant has small values and/or is hard to compute numerically.
Optimal Kernel-Based Dynamic Mode Decomposition
Authors: Héas Patrick , Herzet Cédric
Published: May 2018

The state-of-the-art algorithm known as kernel-based dynamic mode decomposition (K-DMD) provides a sub-optimal solution to the problem of reduced modeling of a dynamical system based on a finite approximation of the Koopman operator. It relies on crude approximations and on restrictive assumptions. The purpose of this work is to propose a kernel-based algorithm solving exactly this low-rank approximation problem in a general setting.
Reduced models for uncertainty quantification in the cardiovascular network via domain decomposition
Authors: Guzzetti Sofia , Alvarez Luis Alonso Mansilla , Blanco Pablo Javier , Carlberg Kevin Thomas , Veneziani Alessandro
Published: May 2018

Reduced 1D models of the cardiovascular system are widely employed to study the propagation of pressure waves induced by the mutual interaction between the fluid and the compliant vessel walls. In particular, the interplay between anomalous pressure waves and pathologies like amputations, stenoses or devices like stents is of great interest from a medical viewpoint. However, the parameters that characterize reduced 1D models are often unknown, and feature variability not only from patient to patient, but also within the same individual, depending on physiological conditions (e.g., rest vs. stress, and young vs. old). This motivated the design of mathematical and numerical techniques to quantify the uncertainties in these models. Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) studies on the cardiovascular network entail two major challenges or limitations: (i) The employment of full 3D models for UQ analysis is extremely costly and requires computational resources that may not be easily accessible by users like hospitals, for financial, privacy or time constraints; (ii) Reduced 1D models may be inaccurate in capturing anomalies of the physiology in presence of cardiovascular pathologies like stenoses or aneurysms. Following the DDUQ approach (Carlberg et al, 2018), we enhance the efficiency and parallelism of the solvers by performing UQ at the subsystem level at each time step, and by propagating the information via Domain Decomposition techniques. We plan to enhance accuracy and reliability by replacing the 1D models with educated reduced models such as the Transversally Enriched Pipe Element Method (Mansilla et al, 2017), capable of retaining the local cross-sectional dynamics, approximately at the same cost of 1D reduced models.
SVD on Intersection Spaces
Authors: Ali Mazen , Nouy Anthony
Published: May 2018

We are interested in applying SVD to more general spaces, the motivating example being the Sobolev space
$H^1(\Omega)$
of weakly differentiable functions over a domain
$\Omega\subset\R^d$
. Controlling the truncation error in the energy norm is particularly interesting for PDE applications. To this end, one can apply SVD to tensor products in
$H^1(\Omega_1)\otimes H^1(\Omega_2)$
with the induced tensor scalar product. However, the resulting space is not
$H^1(\Omega_1\times\Omega_2)$
but is instead the space
$H^1_{\text{mix}}(\Omega_1\times\Omega_2)$
of functions with mixed regularity. For large
$d>2$
this poses a restrictive regularity requirement on
$u\in H^1(\Omega)$
. On the other hand, the space
$H^1(\Omega)$
is not a tensor product Hilbert space, in particular
$\|\cdot\|_{H^1}$
is not a reasonable crossnorm. Thus, we can not identify
$H^1(\Omega)$
with the space of Hilbert Schmidt operators and apply SVD.

However, it is known that
$H^1(\Omega)$
is isomorph (here written for
$d=2$
) to the Banach intersection space
$$H^1(\Omega_1\times\Omega_2)=H^1(\Omega_1)\otimes L_2(\Omega_2)\cap L_2(\Omega_1)\otimes H^1(\Omega_2)$$
with equivalent norms. Each of the spaces in the intersection is a tensor product Hilbert space where SVD applies.

We investigate several approaches to construct low-rank approximations for a function
$u\in H^1(\Omega_1\times\Omega_2)$
.
Greedy measurement selection for state estimation
Authors: Nichols J. , Cohen Albert , Binev Peter , Mula Olga
Published: May 2018

Parametric PDEs of the general form
$$ \mathcal{P}(u,a)=0 $$
are commonly used to describe many physical processes, where
$\mathcal{P}$
is a differential operator, a is a high-dimensional vector of parameters and u is the unknown solution belonging to some Hilbert space V. Typically one observes m linear measurements of u(a) of the form
$\ell_i(u)=\langle w_i,u \rangle$
,
$i=1,\dots,m$
, where
$\ell_i\in V'$
and
$w_i$
are the Riesz representers, and we write
$W_m = \text{span}\{w_1,\ldots,w_m\}$
. The goal is to recover an approximation
$u^*$
of u from the measurements. The solutions u(a) lie in a manifold within V which we can approximate by a linear space
$V_n$
, where n is of moderate dimension. The structure of the PDE ensure that for any a the solution is never too far away from
$V_n$
, that is,
$\text{dist}(u(a),V_n)\le \varepsilon$
. In this setting, the observed measurements and
$V_n$
can be combined to produce an approximation
$u^*$
of u up to accuracy
$$ \Vert u -u^*\Vert \leq \beta^{-1}(V_n,W_m) \, \varepsilon $$
where
$$ \beta(V_n,W_m) := \inf_{v\in V_n} \frac{\Vert P_{W_m}v\Vert}{\Vert v \Vert} $$
plays the role of a stability constant. For a given
$V_n$
, one relevant objective is to guarantee that
$\beta(V_n,W_m)\geq \gamma >0$
with a number of measurements
$m\geq n$
as small as possible. We present results in this direction when the measurement functionals
$\ell_i$
belong to a complete dictionary.
JPAAP Reviewers Step-by-step Guide
Authors: Editors JPAAP
Published: May 2018

Step-by-step guide for reviewers.
Managing Expectations: A Case Study of Sessional Staff in Languages and Cultures Education in Australian Universities
Authors: Brown Josh , Verdina Federica
Published: May 2018

In light of the increasing casualisation of the academic workforce in recent years, expectations of sessional staff in Australian universities from their academic employment are becoming more poignant. Following on from a previous report by Ferrari & Hajek (2012), this paper further highlights how these workers are affected by short-term, often only semester-long, contracts. We focus on how the brevity of employment affects sessional teachers’ perceptions of their role and perceived obligations to the university, and consequently the health of languages education. We present the results of an online survey conducted at the vast majority of Australian universities, which investigated sessional staff’s expectations. This study reveals that language sessional staff have expectations of their employment which are often at odds with their role as academics in the university environment.
A Blueprint for Teaching Excellence
Authors: Pickford Ruth
Published: May 2018

This article outlines an innovative and highly practical model that holistically and synoptically integrates the factors that underpin strategic approaches to developing teaching excellence within a course, an institution or more widely.

It combines and articulates the various drivers towards excellence widely discussed currently, from the perspectives of students, institutions and those who teach them. Integral to the model are the elements of progression, satisfaction and graduate outcomes that align fully with current imperatives around teaching excellence.

Drawing upon extant elements of Higher Education pedagogy, this article adopts a Boyerian approach to scholarship integrating original research that has been applied in diverse contexts in an innovative way (Boyer, 1990), to provide a route-map or blueprint for the design and delivery of curriculum, teaching and learning environments. The model will be of use to individuals, course directors, learning and teaching directorates, institutional leaders working in higher education.
Supporting and Enabling Scholarship: Developing and Sharing Expertise in Online Learning and Teaching
Authors: Barnes Fiona , Cole Sue , Nix Ingrid
Published: May 2018

In a highly competitive, rapidly changing higher education market, universities need to be able to generate pedagogical expertise quickly and ensure that it is applied to practice. Since teaching approaches are constantly evolving, partly responding to emerging learning technologies, there is a need to foster ways to keep abreast on an ongoing basis. This paper explores how a small-scale project, the Teaching Online Panel (TOP), used scholarship investigations and a bottom-up approach to enhance one particular aspect of academic practice – online learning and teaching. The experiences of TOP are useful for identifying: 

how a scholarship approach can help develop academic expertise

its contribution to enhancing understanding of staff’s different roles in the University

ways of developing the necessary supportive network for those undertaking such scholarship

the effectiveness of staff development which is peer-led rather than imposed from above

how practical examples can stimulate practice development

the relevance of literature on communities of practice and landscapes of practice for scholarship

the important role of ‘brokers’ to facilitate the dissemination of scholarship findings

the benefits to the brokers’ own professional roles

the challenges of sustaining such an approach and lessons learnt.

This study has relevance for those involved in supporting scholarship or delivering staff development in Higher Education.
JPAAP Editorial, Vol 6, issue 1 (2018)
Authors: Editors JPAAP
Published: May 2018

A welcome from the editors to JPAAP Vol 6, issue 1 (2018).
Genetic Activation, Inactivation, and Deletion Reveal a Limited And Nuanced Role for Somatostatin-Containing Basal Forebrain Neurons in Behavioral State Control
Authors: Anaclet Christelle , De Luca Roberto , Venner Anne , Malyshevskaya Olga , Lazarus Michael , Arrigoni Elda , Fuller Patrick M.
Published: May 2018

Recent studies have identified an especially important role for basal forebrain GABAergic (BFVGAT) neurons in the regulation of behavioral waking and fast cortical rhythms associated with cognition. However, BFVGATneurons comprise several neurochemically and anatomically distinct subpopulations, including parvalbumin-containing BFVGATneurons and somatostatin-containing BFVGATneurons (BFSOMneurons), and it was recently reported that optogenetic activation of BFSOMneurons increases the probability of a wakefulness to non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep transition when stimulated during the rest period of the animal. This finding was unexpected given that most BFSOMneurons are not NREM sleep active and that central administration of the synthetic somatostatin analog, octreotide, suppresses NREM sleep or increases REM sleep. Here we used a combination of genetically driven chemogenetic and optogenetic activation, chemogenetic inhibition, and ablation approaches to further explore thein vivorole of BFSOMneurons in arousal control. Our findings indicate that acute activation or inhibition of BFSOMneurons is neither wakefulness nor NREM sleep promoting and is without significant effect on the EEG, and that chronic loss of these neurons is without effect on total 24 h sleep amounts, although a small but significant increase in waking was observed in the lesioned mice during the early active period. Ourin vitrocell recordings further reveal electrophysiological heterogeneity in BFSOMneurons, specifically suggesting at least two distinct subpopulations. Together, our data support the more nuanced view that BFSOMneurons are electrically heterogeneous and are not NREM sleep or wake promoting per se, but may exert, in particular during the early active period, a modest inhibitory influence on arousal circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cellular basal forebrain (BF) is a highly complex area of the brain that is implicated in a wide range of higher-level neurobiological processes, including regulating and maintaining normal levels of electrocortical and behavioral arousal. The respectivein vivoroles of BF cell populations and their neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of electrocortical and behavioral arousal remains incompletely understood. Here we seek to define the neurobiological contribution of GABAergic somatostatin-containing BF neurons to arousal control. Understanding the respective contribution of BF cell populations to arousal control may provide critical insight into the pathogenesis of a host of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and the cognitive impairments of normal aging.
Adolescent Consumption of Sports Drinks
Authors: Cordrey Kyla , Keim Sarah A. , Milanaik Ruth , Adesman Andrew
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:

Sports drinks are aggressively marketed to teenagers to replenish fluids and/or electrolytes. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, typical adolescent physical activity does not require sports drink rehydration. Given US obesity rates and that sugar-sweetened sports drinks add superfluous calories to the diet, it is important to assess adolescent sports drink consumption and changes over time.

METHODS:

Researchers in the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey and 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey collected nationally representative samples of US high school students about sports drink consumption. Respondent characteristics and health behaviors were examined relative to sports drink consumption by using multivariable survey logistic regression. χ2 tests were used to compare the 2 samples and examine changes over time.

RESULTS:

The 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey and 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey had national samples of 15 624 and 11 458 respondents, respectively. Sports drink consumption in the previous week increased from 56% (2010) to 57.6% (2015; P = .0002). However, comparisons of daily sports drink consumption revealed reductions for all age groups, sexes, race and/or ethnicity categories, and levels of physical activity. The greatest reductions were for non-Hispanic African Americans and for children with overweight. Daily sports drink consumption did not decrease for children with obesity and increased for children who watched >2 hours per day of television. In 2015, boys, non-Hispanic African Americans, Hispanics, and tobacco users exhibited higher odds of consuming sports drinks daily.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although daily consumption of sports drinks has decreased overall, sugar-sweetened sports drinks remain popular, with the majority of high school students drinking them at least weekly. Of concern, daily consumption increased among teenagers watching television >2 hours per day. Pediatricians should counsel adolescents about the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations regarding sports drinks.
Identification of antagonistic bacteria isolated from Thai fermented soybean (Thua Nao) for biocontrol of Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Chukeatirote E. , Niraphai K. , Sardsud U. , Popluechai S.
Published: May 2018

In this study, bacterial biocontrol agents against the phytopathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae were screened from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product. A total of 170 bacterial strains were isolated and initially screened for their antagonistic activity by dual culture test. Of these, 39 isolates were able to inhibit the fungal growth showing the percentage of inhibition ranging from 25.0–67.5. Among them, the isolate TN79 was selected as a potential antagonistic strain for further study. For this, the bacterial strain TN79 was cultured on nutrient agar for 2 weeks and its crude extracts were prepared using phosphate buffÍer pH 7.0. The bacterial crude extracts prepared were active and could inhibit all four fungal strains of L. theobromae. The optimum pH for antifungal activity of the extracts was 7. In addition, the extracts were also active when exposed to the UV light (254 nm) up to 1 hour and to proteinase K treatment (1 mg/ml). The bacterial strain TN79 was then characterized in terms of their phenotypic and genotypic properties including morphology, biochemical profiles, and rRNA gene sequence. Based on this analysis, the bacterium TN79 was closely related to Bacillus velezensis.
Tüdőlebeny-eltávolítást követő kemoterápia tolerabilitását befolyásoló perioperatív tényezők
Authors: Ottlakán Aurél , Pécsy Balázs , Csada Edit , Ádám Gábor , Maráz Anikó , Borda Bernadett , Lázár György , Furák József
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths in Hungary, involving complex surgical and oncological treatment. Aim: Factors influencing the tolerability of complete/planned and incomplete postoperative chemotherapy after surgery were analyzed. Method: During a 6-year period (January 1, 2011–December 31, 2016), data of 72 patients operated with lung cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), receiving complete (4 cycles) and incomplete (<4 cycles) postoperative chemotherapy were analyzed. The following factors among the two groups [complete: n = 53; incomplete: n = 19] were analyzed: gender, mean age, body mass index, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Charlson Comorbidity Index, second malignant tumor, atrial fibrillation, Forced Expiratory Volume 1 sec, Performance Status, open/Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) lobectomy, duration of surgery, postoperative fever, need for transfusion, prolonged air leak, redo surgery, histology, tumor stage. Results: The rate of complete postoperative cycles obtained from logistic regression analysis, were substantially higher after VATS lobectomies [n = 26 (83.87%)] compared to open procedures [n = 27 (65.85%)]; (p = 0.092; OR = 0.356), without significance. Multivariate analysis (open/VATS lobectomy, upper/middle-lower lobe resection, diabetes, prolonged air leak, postoperative fever) showed significantly increased successful uptake of complete cycles after VATS (p = 0.0495), while upper/middle lobe resections (p = 0.0678) and the lack of diabetes (p = 0.0971) notably increased the number of complete cycles, without significance. Conclusion: Twenty-six percent of patients were unable to receive complete planned postoperative chemotherapy. VATS lobectomy patients received significantly higher number of complete cycles of postoperative chemotherapy. Diabetes and lower lobe lobectomies had a negative effect on the tolerability of postoperative chemotherapy. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(19): 748–755.
Colorectalis daganatokban a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség és a thrombocytosis előfordulása, a túlélésre gyakorolt hatásuk, a primer tumor műtéti eltávolítása előtt és után
Authors: Herold Zoltán , Ambrus Viktória , Herold Magdolna , Herczeg György , Igaz Péter , Harsányi László , Somogyi Anikó
Published: May 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: The relationship between platelets and metastatic tumor cells is an ongoing research area. Pre- and postoperative thrombocytosis are suggested predictive survival markers. Colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes are characterized by various changes to platelets. The occurrence of colorectal cancer is more frequent in diabetes. Aim: Our aim was to determine the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in colorectal cancer patients, who attended the Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Internal Medicine’s Oncology Department in the last three years. Further goals included the evaluation of anamnestic, pre- and postoperative laboratory data, and whether diabetes can be a significant survival factor. Method: A retrospective study was conducted with 86 randomly selected colorectal cancer patients’ preoperative (86 patients) and paired postoperative (66, who were operable) data. Patients were monitored no later than September 30, 2017 or until their death. Results: Preoperatively, elevated (over 400 Giga/L) platelet counts were present in 22.1% of the patients (323.5 ± 128.63 Giga/L, mean ± SD) which decreased to 10.6% postoperatively (χ2: p = 0.0351; 289.2 ± 82.45 Giga/L, p = 0.0232). Negative correlation was found between platelet counts and overall survival (R: –0.35, p = 0.0085). One third of the patients had diabetes. Laboratory results (i.e., blood counts, creatinine) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients were not significant. Diabetes is a significant five-fold postoperative risk factor for shorter overall survival (relative risk: 5.1612, p = 0.0165). Average survival was 30.6 ± 26.78 months. Conclusion: Persistent consequential postoperative thrombocytosis may indicate shorter survival time. Our observations suggest elevated platelet counts and type 2 diabetes as prognostic markers for survival at the recognition of colorectal tumors. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(19): 756–767.
Efektivitas penggunaan tongue scraper terhadap penurunan indeks tongue coating dan jumlah koloni bakteri anaerob lidah Effectivity of tongue scraper on reducing tongue coating and anaerobic bacteria colony count
Authors: Hamid Hamdini , Aulia Rabia’tul , Samad Rasmidar
Published: May 2018

Many microorganisms have been found colonizing the dorsum of tongue. To prevent infection and development ofother pathologies in oral cavity, tongue cleaning has been advocated to reduce the amount of coating andmicroorganism loading in the mouth. The aim of this study is to find out the impact of tongue cleaning using tonguescraper against tongue coating index and anaerobic bacterial colony count on tongue dorsum. This study wascarried out on 24 male and 16 female participants aged 11 to 17. Tongue coating index was used to assess tonguecoating and tongue samples were taken to count the bacterial colony. The result showed that there is a significantdifference tongue coating index (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, p=0.000) and amount of anaerobic bacteria colony (tpairedtest, p=0.007)before and after using tongue scraper. In conclusion, tongue scraper can reduce tonguecoating index and there was significant difference in anaerobic bacteria colony count before and after using tonguescraper.
Terapi periodontal non-bedah Non-surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Zulfa Liana , Mustaqimah Dewi Nurul
Published: May 2018

Non surgical periodontal therapy is the first step in periodontal therapy procedure. Elimination of biofilm andmineral deposit from tooth surface is a basic of periodontal therapy. Clinical data showed that the success of longterm periodontal therapy depends on the result of first step compare to spesific surgical therapy. Methods used innon surgical therapy are mechanical instrumentation, ultrasonic debridement, supragingival and subgingivalirigation, localized drugs, systemic antibiotics, and host response modulation. The successful of periodontal therapydepends on the management of negative environment and reduction of bacterial pathogen through a combination ofbetter environment which is less anaerobic for good microorganism to live. The aim of non surgical therapy is toreduce microbial etiology and factors involved in the progression of gingiva and periodontal. The end result is tostop the disease progression and to gain healthy gingiva and tissue condition.
Penatalaksanaan stomatitis aftosa rekuren mayor dengan infeksi sekunder Management of major recurrent aphtous stomatitis accompanied by secondary infection
Authors: Nurdiana Nurdiana , Jusri M.
Published: May 2018

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS)is an ulcerative condition that affects the oral mucosa without evidence ofunderlying disorder. It’s characterized by the appearance of recurring round, shallow ulcerations surrounded byinflammation that mainly involves the nonkeratinized mucosa. The classification of SAR are minor, major, andherpetiform types. Although rare, secondary infection may occur. Treatment is directed to avoid local traumaticprecipitants, lessen the pain and duration of ulceration by suppressing the local immune response, and preventsecondary infection. The objective of this paper is to discuss the treatment of RAS with secondary infection, a caseof 24-year-old man with multiple large ulcers that did not heal for almost 4 weeks. The ulcers were diagnosed asmajor RAS with secondary infection, and treated with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin, healed in 2 weeks withscars. Although secondary infection will delay healing, but with proper treatment, major RAS has good prognosis.
Penggunaan gigitiruan sebagian lepasan kerangka logam pascaperawatan periodontal Using metal frame removable partial denture after periodontal treatment
Authors: Setiawan Krisnadi , Adenan Aprillia
Published: May 2018

Metal framework denture is needed in patient with tooth loss accompanied by the presence of periodontal disease inthe remaining tooth is needed. This denture primarily maintains the existing teeth post periodontal treatment. Theuse of metal framework in this case can help to prevent tooth movement and maintain tooth position afterperiodontal treatment. Therefore, the success of the treatment can be achieved because the metal characteristic ismore rigid when compared to other dental materials. This paper discusses the use of frame denture in patient afterperiodontal treatment on the remaining teeth in lower arch. It can be concluded that removable denture with metalframe combined with splint must be done on mobile teeth, to decrease mobile teeth and to preventincreasing of periodontal tissue damage after periodontal treatment.
Komunikasi oroantral: etiologi dan penatalaksanaannya Oroantral communication: the etiology and management
Authors: Poedjiastoeti Wiwiek
Published: May 2018

Oroantral communication (OAC)may occur when upper posterior teeth are removed, and occasionally, as a resultof trauma. This sinus perforation formed particularly when a maxillary molar with widely divergent roots adjacentto edentulous spaces is extracted. In this instance the sinus is likely to be pneumatized into the edentulous alveolarprocessus surrounding the tooth, which weakens the entire alveolus and brings the tooth apices into a closerrelationship with the sinus cavity. In order to avoid OAC, preoperative radiograph is needed. When perforation, ifsinus opening is small and disease free, effort should be made to establish blood clot in the extraction site andpreserve it in place. Soft tissue flap elevation is not required. Sutures are placed to reposition the soft tissue, and agauze pack is placed over the surgical site for 1-2 hours. Majority of patients treated in this manner showeduneventful healing when no evidence of preexisting sinus disease.
Berbagai jenis splint untuk mengurangi kegoyangan gigi sebagai perawatan penunjang pasien penyakit periodontal Variety of splint to minimize tooth mobility as supporting treatment on periodontal disease patient
Authors: Djais Arni Irawaty
Published: May 2018

Tooth mobility is often experienced by patients, especially patients with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseasecauses the loss of tooth support so the tooth becomes mobile. The signs of periodontal disease or periodontitisinclude occasional bleeding gums, bluish red gums, shiny, and tooth mobility. Splint is used to unite one or moreteeth to form a single entity so that it can reduce tooth mobility. There are some splints used as supporting therapyof periodontal disease patients to stabilize the tooth before further actions are carried out.
Pengaruh kopi Aceh ulee kareng terhadap kekerasan basis gigitiruan resin akrilik Effect of ulee kareng Aceh coffee the hardness of acrylic resin denture base
Authors: Putri Rini Defika , Diansari Viona , Sundari Iin
Published: May 2018

The hardness of denture base is influenced with the habit of most commonly consumed. Ulee Kareng Aceh coffeewas atype of robusta coffee which is acidic. The purpose of this study was to determine the change of surfacehardness of acrylic denture base after being immersed in ulee kareng coffee for 3 days. Twelve specimens (5 mmdiameter and 2 mm thickness)were randomly distributed in two groups: control (immersion in distilled water) andexperimental (immersion in Ulee Kareng Aceh coffee). Hardness was measured before and after immersion usingKnoop Microhardness tester (Shimadzu). Data were statistically analyzed by Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon test (α =0.05). The results of the study showed a significant difference between the groups P < 0.05. The surface hardness ofacrylic denture base decreased after immersion for both group P < 0.05.
Penilaian tingkat keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik dengan piranti lepasan berdasarkan indeks PAR Assessment of success rate of orthodontic treatment using removable appliance based on PAR index
Authors: Irwansyah Muh. , Erwansyah Eka
Published: May 2018

The success of orthodontic treatment, particularly with removable orthodontic appliances not only relies on theexpertise of the clinician, but also highly depends on the patient's own. It is necessary to know the extent of thesuccess rate of an orthodontic treatment. Assessment of malocclusion severity and treatment outcome has become avery popular object of research conducted by the PAR index. This study aims to determine the success rate oforthodontic treatment with removable appliances based on PAR Index. The research was carried out on March-May2011 with samples of patients dental models who had completed orthodontic treatment in the year 2008-2011 at theDepartment of Ortodonsia RSGMP UNHAS. Sixty six pairs of dental models fulfilled the inclusion criteria and therules of PAR Index. Percentage change in PAR score obtained by 35% in the assessment with no weighted and 36%was assessment by weighted. This results showed the level of orthodontic treatment success include into thecategory of "no change", but with a trend into the category of "a change "with a significant value ρ = 0.000 (ρ <0.05). It was concluded that there was occlusion improvements in orthodontic treatment with removable appliance,although very low and therefore need evaluation and improvement of governance maintenance carried out.
Diagnosis klinis infeksi herpes zoster (laporan kasus)Clinic diagnosis of herpes zoster (case report)
Authors: Jusri M. , Marlina Erni
Published: May 2018

Varicella is the fastest spreading infection. This virus classified as DNA virus with primer infection that causedchicken pox mainly seen in children. Reactivation of this infection causes herpes zoster or shingle. Painfull of areainvolved proceed the unilateral and segmental nature of disease. If facial involved segmentally, it occurs painespecially at the facial and dentition that sometimes suspect as pulpitis. This case report is aimed to discussdiagnosis and management of herpes zoster with headache. Patient, male, 66 years old came with chief complaint ofheadache and ulcers on right facial with eat disturbance due to oral cavity pain. The diagnosis was herpes zoster.Patient was prescribed with acyclovir 1600 mg 4 times per day, analgesic, antibiotic mouth wash, and vitamins.Oral pain disappeared in 3 days, dan after 3 weeks healed completely. Diagnosis of herpes zoster could be get fromdetail anamnesis and examination.