bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy improves outcomes in pre-clinical models of myeloma bone disease
Authors: Leng Houfu , Zhang Hanlin , Li Linsen , Zhang Shuhao , Wang Yanping , Chavda Selina J. , Galas-Filipowicz Daria , Lou Hantao , Ersek Adel , Morris Emma V. , Sezgin Erdinc , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Li Yunsen , Lechuga-Vieco Ana Victoria , Tian Mei , Mi Jian-Qing , Yong Kwee , Zhong Qing , Edwards Claire M. , Simon Anna Katharina , Horwood Nicole J.
Published: December 2022

Patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, frequently develop osteolytic bone lesions that severely impact quality of life and clinical outcomes. Eliglustat, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, reduced osteoclast-driven bone loss in preclinical in vivo models of myeloma. In combination with zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate that treats myeloma bone disease, eliglustat provided further protection from bone loss. Autophagic degradation of TRAF3, a key step for osteoclast differentiation, was inhibited by eliglustat as evidenced by TRAF3 lysosomal and cytoplasmic accumulation. Eliglustat blocked autophagy by altering glycosphingolipid composition whilst restoration of missing glycosphingolipids rescued autophagy markers and TRAF3 degradation thus restoring osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells from myeloma patients. This work delineates both the mechanism by which glucosylceramide synthase inhibition prevents autophagic degradation of TRAF3 to reduce osteoclastogenesis as well as highlighting the clinical translational potential of eliglustat for the treatment of myeloma bone disease.
Electrically conductive hybrid organic crystals as flexible optical waveguides
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Lan Linfeng , Pan Xiuhong , Liu Xiaokong , Song Yilong , Yang Xueying , Dong Qingfeng , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu
Published: December 2022

Hybrid materials capitalize on the properties of individual materials to attain a specific combination of performance assets that is not available with the individual components alone. We describe a straightforward approach to preparation of sandwich-type hybrid dynamic materials that combine metals as electrically conductive components and polymers as bending, momentum-inducing components with flexible organic crystals as mechanically compliant and optically transducive medium. The resulting hybrid materials are conductive to both electricity and light, while they also respond to changes in temperature by deformation. Depending on the metal, their conductivity ranges from 7.9 to 21.0 S µm‒1. The elements respond rapidly to temperature by curling or uncurling in about 0.2 s, which in one typical case corresponds to exceedingly fast deformation and recovery rates of 2187.5° s‒1 and 1458.3° s‒1, respectively. In cyclic operation mode, their conductivity decreases less than 1% after 10,000 thermal cycles. The mechanothermal robustness and dual functionality favors these materials as candidates for a variety of applications in organic-based optics and electronics, and expands the prospects of application of organic crystals beyond the natural limits of their dynamic performance.
Compressed ultrahigh-speed single-pixel imaging by swept aggregate patterns
Authors: Kilcullen Patrick , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang
Published: December 2022

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) has emerged as a powerful technique that uses coded wide-field illumination with sampling by a single-point detector. Most SPI systems are limited by the refresh rates of digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and time-consuming iterations in compressed-sensing (CS)-based reconstruction. Recent efforts in overcoming the speed limit in SPI, such as the use of fast-moving mechanical masks, suffer from low reconfigurability and/or reduced accuracy. To address these challenges, we develop SPI accelerated via swept aggregate patterns (SPI-ASAP) that combines a DMD with laser scanning hardware to achieve pattern projection rates of up to 14.1 MHz and tunable frame sizes of up to 101×103 pixels. Meanwhile, leveraging the structural properties of S-cyclic matrices, a lightweight CS reconstruction algorithm, fully compatible with parallel computing, is developed for real-time video streaming at 100 frames per second (fps). SPI-ASAP allows reconfigurable imaging in both transmission and reflection modes, dynamic imaging under strong ambient light, and offline ultrahigh-speed imaging at speeds of up to 12,000 fps.
Ab initio calculation of real solids via neural network ansatz
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Zhe , Chen Ji
Published: December 2022

Neural networks have been applied to tackle many-body electron correlations for small molecules and physical models in recent years. Here we propose an architecture that extends molecular neural networks with the inclusion of periodic boundary conditions to enable ab initio calculation of real solids. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated in four different types of systems, namely the one-dimensional periodic hydrogen chain, the two-dimensional graphene, the three-dimensional lithium hydride crystal, and the homogeneous electron gas, where the obtained results, e.g. total energies, dissociation curves, and cohesive energies, reach a competitive level with many traditional ab initio methods. Moreover, electron densities of typical systems are also calculated to provide physical intuition of various solids. Our method of extending a molecular neural network to periodic systems can be easily integrated into other neural network structures, highlighting a promising future of ab initio solution of more complex solid systems using neural network ansatz, and more generally endorsing the application of machine learning in materials simulation and condensed matter physics.
Ultrafast X-ray imaging of the light-induced phase transition in VO2
Authors: Johnson Allan S. , Perez-Salinas Daniel , Siddiqui Khalid M. , Kim Sungwon , Choi Sungwook , Volckaert Klara , Majchrzak Paulina E. , Ulstrup Søren , Agarwal Naman , Hallman Kent , Haglund Richard F. , Günther Christian M. , Pfau Bastian , Eisebitt Stefan , Backes Dirk , Maccherozzi Francesco , Fitzpatrick Ann , Dhesi Sarnjeet S. , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Artrith Nongnuch , de Groot Frank , Choi Hyeongi , Jang Dogeun , Katoch Abhishek , Kwon Soonnam , Park Sang Han , Kim Hyunjung , Wall Simon E.
Published: December 2022

Using light to control transient phases in quantum materials is an emerging route to engineer new properties and functionality, with both thermal and non-thermal phases observed out of equilibrium. Transient phases are expected to be heterogeneous, either through photo-generated domain growth or by generating topological defects, and this impacts the dynamics of the system. However, this nanoscale heterogeneity has not been directly observed. Here we use time- and spectrally resolved coherent X-ray imaging to track the prototypical light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide on the nanoscale with femtosecond time resolution. We show that the early-time dynamics are independent of the initial spatial heterogeneity and observe a 200 fs switch to the metallic phase. A heterogeneous response emerges only after hundreds of picoseconds. Through spectroscopic imaging, we reveal that the transient metallic phase is a highly orthorhombically strained rutile metallic phase, an interpretation that is in contrast to those based on spatially averaged probes. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of spatially and spectrally resolved measurements for understanding and interpreting the transient phases of quantum materials.
Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator at the radiological research accelerator facility
Authors: Garty Guy , Obaid Razib , Deoli Naresh , Royba Ekaterina , Tan Yuewen , Harken Andrew D. , Brenner David J.
Published: December 2022

The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility has modified a decommissioned Varian Clinac to deliver ultra-high dose rates: operating in 9 MeV electron mode (FLASH mode), samples can be irradiated at a Source-Surface Distance (SSD) of 20 cm at average dose rates of up to 600 Gy/s (3.3 Gy per 0.13 µs pulse, 180 pulses per second). In this mode multiple pulses are required for most irradiations. By modulating pulse repetition rate and irradiating at SSD = 171 cm, dose rates below 1 Gy/min can be achieved, allowing comparison of FLASH and conventional irradiations with the same beam. Operating in 6 MV photon mode, with the conversion target removed (SuperFLASH mode), samples are irradiated at higher dose rates (0.2–150 Gy per 5 µs pulse, 360 pulses per second) and most irradiations can be performed with a single very high dose rate pulse. In both modes we have seen the expected inverse relation between dose rate and irradiated area, with the highest dose rates obtained for beams with a FWHM of about 2 cm and ± 10% uniformity over 1 cm diameter. As an example of operation of the ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiator, we present dose rate dependence of dicentric chromosome yields.
Phylogenetic relationships of sleeper gobies (Eleotridae: Gobiiformes: Gobioidei), with comments on the position of the miniature genus Microphilypnus
Authors: Macate Isadola Eusébio , Bessa-Silva Adam , Caires Rodrigo Antunes , Vallinoto Marcelo , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Angulo Arturo , Ruiz-Campos Gorgonio , Sampaio Iracilda , Guimarães-Costa Aurycéia
Published: December 2022

Microphilypnus and Leptophilypnion are miniaturized genera within the family Eleotridae. The evolutionary relationships among these taxa are still poorly understood, and molecular analyses are restricted to mitochondrial genes, which have not been conclusive. We compiled both mitochondrial and nuclear genes to study the phylogenetic position of Microphilypnus and the evolutionary history and relationships of eleotrids. We propose that Microphilypnus and Leptophilypnus (a non-miniature genus) are not sister groups as suggested by previous studies, but rather separate lineages that arose in the early Eocene, with Leptophilypnus recovered as a sister group to the other analyzed eleotrids. In fact, Microphilypnus is currently associated with the Neotropical clade Guavina/Dormitator/Gobiomorus. We also identified a well-supported clade that indicated Gobiomorus and Hemieleotris as paraphyletic groups, besides a close relationship among Calumia godeffroyi, Bunaka gyrinoides, Eleotris and Erotelis species. This is the first comprehensive report about the evolutionary relationships in members of the family Eleotridae, including multiloci and multispecies approaches. Therefore, we provided new insights about the phylogenetic position of some taxa absent in previous studies, such as the miniature genus Microphilypnus and a recently described species of Eleotris from South America.
Effects of aspect on phenology of Larix gmelinii forest in Northeast China
Authors: Dong Chunyuan , Qiao Rongrong , Chang Xueli
Published: December 2022

The response of vegetation phenology to global climate change is one of the main forms in terrestrial ecosystem change, the study of vegetation phenology is an important complement to the understanding of how global climate change affects ecosystems in multiple dimensions. We selected the distribution area of Larix gmelinii in The Greater Khingan Mountains as a case area by eliminating the heterogeneity of vegetation types, with the support of Google Earth Engine platform, we studied the effects of different aspects and land surface temperature (LST) on remote sensing phenology (RSP) that is defined as start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and length of growing season (LOS) respectively in the study area through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes. The results showed that SOS advanced in different aspects during the study period, and the advance amplitude of SOS on the east and west aspect was greater than that on the south and north. Except for the east aspect, EOS showed a slight postponed, and LOS was prolonged on all aspects. The latitude difference between 51° and 53° N had no significant effect on L. gmelinii in different aspects. LST had an obviously direct effect on the RSP of L. gmelinii in different aspects, and the effect of LST on SOS and LOS was significantly greater than that on EOS. The effect of LST on SOS and LOS was significant in April and spring. The main contributor to the increase of LOS was the advance of SOS, while the postponed of EOS has a relatively small contribution to LOS. Due to the redistribution of meteorological factor by aspect, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of RSP tends to be complex, so determining the same aspect is one of the main ways to reduce the phenological heterogeneity in the study of vegetation RSP.
Caudate-anchored cognitive connectivity pursuant to orthostatic hypotension in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yoo Sang-Won , Ha Seunggyun , Oh Yoon-Sang , Ryu Dong-Woo , Yoo Ji-Yeon , Lee Kwang-Soo , Kim Joong-Seok
Published: December 2022

18F-Florbetaben is a tracer used to evaluate the metabolic activity of and amyloid accumulation in the brain when measured in early- and late-phase, respectively. The metabolism of neural substrates could be viewed as a network and might be an important factor in cognition. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) might play an indirect moderating role in cognition, and its latent influence could modify the inherent cognitive network. This study aimed to identify changes of cognitive connectivity according to orthostatic stress in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study included 104 early PD patients who were evaluated with a head-up tilt-test and18F-Florbetaben positron emission tomography (PET). Cognition was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that gauged attention/working memory, language, visuospatial, memory, and executive functions. PET images were analyzed visually for amyloid deposits, and early-phase images were normalized to obtain standardized uptake ratios (SUVRs) of pre-specified subregions relevant to specific cognitive domains. The caudate nucleus was referenced and paired to these pre-specified regions. The correlations between SUVRs of these regions were assessed and stratified according to presence of orthostatic hypotension. Among the patients studied, 22 (21.2%) participants had orthostatic hypotension. Nineteen patients (18.3%) were positive for amyloid-β accumulation upon visual analysis. Moderate correlations between the caudate and pre-specified subregions were observed (Spearman’s rho, range [0.331–0.545]). Cognition did not differ, but the patterns of correlation were altered when the disease was stratified by presence of orthostatic stress. In conclusion, cognition in early PD responds to hemodynamic stress by adapting its neural connections between regions relevant to cognitive functions.
Surface protein profiling of prostate-derived extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry and proximity assays
Authors: Manouchehri Doulabi Ehsan , Fredolini Claudia , Gallini Radiosa , Löf Liza , Shen Qiujin , Ikebuchi Ryoyo , Dubois Louise , Azimi Alireza , Loudig Olivier , Gabrielsson Susanne , Landegren Ulf , Larsson Anders , Bergquist Jonas , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood
Published: December 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of intercellular communication and a promising class of biomarkers. Surface proteins of EVs play decisive roles in establishing a connection with recipient cells, and they are putative targets for diagnostic assays. Analysis of the surface proteins can thus both illuminate the biological functions of EVs and help identify potential biomarkers. We developed a strategy combining high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and  proximity ligation assays (PLA) to first identify and then validate surface proteins discovered on EVs. We applied our workflow to investigate surface proteins of small EVs found in seminal fluid (SF-sEV). We identified 1,014 surface proteins and verified the presence of a subset of these on the surface of SF-sEVs. Our work demonstrates a general strategy for deep analysis of EVs’ surface proteins across patients and pathological conditions, proceeding from unbiased screening by HRMS to ultra-sensitive targeted analyses via PLA.
Portable, low-cost, Raspberry Pi-based optical sensor (PiSENS): continuous monitoring of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide
Authors: Saiz Ernesto , Banicevic Ivana , Espinoza Torres Sergio , Bertata Salma , Picasso Gino , O'Brien Matthew , Radu Aleksandar
Published: December 2022

We have developed a sensing system that utilizes a low-cost computer (Raspberry Pi) and its imaging camera as an optical sensing core for the continuous detection of NO2 in the air (PiSENS-A).
Study on direct identification of bacteria by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Mi Ziqi , Wang Shuqing , Ma Xiaofei , Zhang Yan , Liang Jiahui , Chen Fei , Zhang Lei , Wang Gang , Zhang Wanfei , Liu Zhenrong , Luo Xuebin , Ye Zefu , Zhu Zhujun , Yin Wangbao , Jia Suotang
Published: December 2022

A method of quickly and directly identifying bacteria species using LIBS is proposed. It uses filtering, normalization and PCA to preprocess the spectra, uses SVM with one-against-all linear kernel function to establish the prediction model.
Crystal engineering, electron density analysis, andin situvariable temperature studies on co-crystal between nicotinic acid and gallic acid sesquihydrate
Authors: Iqbal Infal , Mehmood Arshad , Noureen Sajida , Lecomte Claude , Ahmed Maqsood
Published: December 2022

The growth and thermal stability of the gallic acid : nicotinic acid cocrystal has been analyzed in terms of electron density analysis and conversion of GA monohydrate into anhydrate through heating the co-crystal.
Theoretical exploration of the structural, electronic and optical properties of g-C3N4/C3N heterostructures
Authors: Chai Huadou , Chen Weiguang , Li Yi , Zhao Mingyu , Shi Jinlei , Tang Yanan , Dai Xianqi
Published: December 2022

Integration of graphene-like carbon nitride materials is essential for nanoelectronic applications.
Multiphysics modeling for pressure-thermal sensitive hydrogels
Authors: Kang Jingtian , Li Hua
Published: December 2022

Some smart hydrogels, like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA), are sensitive to both stimulus hydrostatic pressure and temperature.
Improving the IR spectra alignment algorithm with spectra deconvolution and combination with Raman or VCD spectroscopy
Authors: Böselt Lennard , Aerts Roy , Herrebout Wouter , Riniker Sereina
Published: December 2022

The relative stereochemistry of organic molecules can be determined by comparing theoretical and experimental infrared (IR) spectra of all isomers and assessing the best match.
Chemical bonds in collagen rupture selectively under tensile stress
Authors: Rowe James , Röder Konstantin
Published: December 2022

Tropocollagen can resist mechanical forces through shifts in the configurations of proline residues. At higher forces, bond ruptures are selectively introduced. Mutations and deletions introduce weaknesses altering this selectivity.
Shearing friction behaviour of synthetic polymers compared to a functionalized polysaccharide on biomimetic surfaces: models for the prediction of performance of eco-designed formulations
Authors: Coscia Benjamin J. , Shelley John C. , Browning Andrea R. , Sanders Jeffrey M. , Chaudret Robin , Rozot Roger , Léonforte Fabien , Halls Mathew D. , Luengo Gustavo S.
Published: December 2022

Physics-based models with molecular resolution enable resource and time-efficient reformulation of eco-friendly consumer products.
Impact of N-heteroaromatic N-termini in Cu(ii) ATCUN metallopeptides on their biorelevant redox activity
Authors: Barrera Jannis , H. Haeri Haleh , Heinrich Julian , Stein Matthias , Hinderberger Dariush , Kulak Nora
Published: December 2022

Incorporation of artificial N-donor molecules into Cu(ii) ATCUN peptides leads to efficient ROS generation and oxidative DNA degradation.
AIE-active Ir(iii) complexes as type-I dominant photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tong Jialin , Yang Xinyue , Song Xiaoxian , Liang Jie , Huang Shanshan , Mao Huiting , Akhtar Mansoor , Liu Ao , Shan Guo-Gang , Li Guangfu
Published: December 2022

Four new AIE-active Ir(iii) complexes were synthesized. MFIrqa, SFIriqa and SFIrqa based NPs are shown to be good PSsin vitrofor PDT through Type I ˙OH generation mechanism.
A Zr-added Dawson-type poly(polyoxometalate)
Authors: Li Hai-Lou , Lian Chen , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: December 2022

An unprecedented Zr-added poly(POM), [H2N(CH3)2]10H14[(Zr2P2W16O61)3]·7H2O, has been made under hydrothermal conditions, and as a heterogeneous catalyst, its selective oxidative degradation of a sulfur mustard simulant CEES has further been studied.
Diet containing stearic acid increased food intake in mice by reducing serum leptin compared with oleic acid
Authors: Zhu Shuqing , Feng Xiaohua , Feng Xiajie , Xie Kailai , Li Yongxiang , Chen Lvshuang , Mo Yingfen , Liang Jingwen , Wu Xin , Sun Zhonghua , Shu Gang , Wang Songbo , Gao Ping , Zhu Xiaotong , Zhu Canjun , Jiang Qingyan , Wang Lina
Published: December 2022

In today's society, obesity is becoming increasingly serious, and controlling food intake and maintaining weight balance have become increasingly important.
A low-cost, paper-based hybrid capture assay to detect high-risk HPV DNA for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings
Authors: Smith Chelsey A. , Chang Megan M. , Kundrod Kathryn A. , Novak Emilie N. , Parra Sonia G. , López Leticia , Mavume Celda , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Maza Mauricio , Salcedo Mila P. , Carns Jennifer L. , Baker Ellen , Montealegre Jane , Scheurer Michael , Castle Philip E. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca R.
Published: December 2022

A low-cost, user friendly 2DPN for cervical cancer screening was developed and validated for detection of high-risk HPV DNA in clinical samples.
In situformation of Cu2O decorated CuZnAl-layered double hydroxide heterostructured photocatalysts for enhancing the degradation of tetracycline under visible light
Authors: Ran Xiangkun , Sun Tian , Zhou Runze , Wei Chaojun , Gao Wa , Zhao Hanqing
Published: December 2022

Cu2O decorated CuZnAl-layered double hydroxide (Cu2O/CuZnAl-LDHs) heterostructure photocatalysts were designedviaa facile two-step procedure, and exhibit remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance in tetracycline degradation.
Design of deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials based on fundamental building blocks with excellent microscopic properties
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Shibin , Chen Jianbang , Huang Xuchu
Published: December 2022

Here, the [B3O6F] group is considered to possess excellent microscopic properties. Accordingly, a deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical material: Li2B3O5F is designed.
Defect engineering in conjugated polyimides for promoting visible-light-driven photocatalytic benzylamine oxidation
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Cong , Chen Le-Heng , Tan Hua-Qiao , Xing Yan-Mei , Sun Hui-Ying , Zhao Ying-Nan , Zhang Dong-En
Published: December 2022

Oxygen defect modified polyimides (PI-NaHCO3) were synthesized by introducing an inorganic foaming agent NaHCO3, which exhibited superior photocatalytic performance for the oxidation of benzylamine and hydrogen production by water splitting under visible-light irradiation.
The recent advances in cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization reactions
Authors: Desai Bhargav , Uppuluru Ajay , Dey Ashutosh , Deshpande Neha , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Naveen Togati , Padala Kishor
Published: December 2022

Functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds represents one of the interesting transformations in organic synthesis. This review highlights the most recent developments in the cobalt-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds.
Halide-promoted pyridinylation of α-acylmethylides with 2-halo-1-methylpyridinium iodides as reagents
Authors: Fu Duo , Xu Jiaxi
Published: December 2022

Various methylthio- and pyridinoxyl-substituted vinyl derivatives were directly synthesized from readily available α-acyl sulfonylmethylides and 2-halo-1-methylpyridinium iodides via direct pyridinylation.
Room temperature ligand-free Cu2O–H2O2 catalyzed tandem oxidative synthesis of quinazoline-4(3H)-one and quinazoline derivatives
Authors: Dutta Nilakshi , Dutta Bidyutjyoti , Dutta Apurba , Sarma Bipul , Sarma Diganta
Published: December 2022

A simple and efficient ligand-free copper catalytic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of quinazolinone and quinazoline derivatives in the presence of KOH–DMSO. The use of green oxidant H2O2 enhances the significance of the protocol.
A facile and light-controllable drug combination for enhanced photopharmacology
Authors: Du Guangxi , Fu Jielin , Zheng Yuanqin , Hu Fuqiang , Shen Xin , Li Baolin , Zhao Xiaohu , Yu Zhipeng
Published: December 2022

The visible light-regulated drug combination of DBTDA-fused floxacin and azobenzene-linked sulfadiazine against S. aureus.
Convergent synthesis of the [5-7-6-3] tetracyclic core of premyrsinane diterpenes
Authors: Yoshinaga Kohei , Yokoshima Satoshi
Published: December 2022

The [5-7-6-3] tetracyclic core of premyrsinane diterpenes was synthesized via three-component coupling and relay ring-closing metathesis.
The development of highly efficient monophosphonium photocatalysts for the visible light-regulated metal-free cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers
Authors: Chen Jianxu , Lin Junqiang , Yang Zan , Wu Yi , Liao Saihu
Published: December 2022

Monophosphonium salts designed via P+-doping of benzo-anthracene have been identified as a new and highly efficient class of tunable photocatalysts for the visible light-regulated cationic RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers.
Effect of heterojunction structures on photoelectrochemical properties of ZnTe-based photocathodes for water reduction
Authors: Tanaka Tooru , Tsutsumi Ryusuke , Yoshinaga Tomohiro , Sonoyama Takaki , Saito Katsuhiko , Guo Qixin , Ikeda Shigeru
Published: December 2022

ZnTe-based photocathodes with a n-ZnS/ZnTe/p-ZnTe structure showed superior H2liberation rate, indicating the possibility to use this structure for artificial solar water splitting.
Facile preparation of covalently functionalized graphene with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and investigation of its characteristics
Authors: Alipour S. , Hassani M. , Hosseini S. M. H. , Mousavi-Khoshdel S. M.
Published: December 2022

This article reports a fast and easy method for simultaneouslyin situreducing and functionalizing graphene oxide.
Effect of carbon addition on the passivity of hypoeutectic high chromium cast irons
Authors: Lee Jun-Seob , Lee Jun-Hyeong , Oh Jun-Seok , Kang Sung , Baek Seung-Hoon , Ahn Jee Hyuk , Han Seung Zeon , Lee Je-Hyun
Published: December 2022

The effect of adding C on the passivity of hypoeutectic high chromium cast iron (HCCI) was investigated in a pH 8.4 boric-borate buffer solution.
A method based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network for UV-vis spectrometric quantification of nitrate and COD in water under random turbidity disturbance scenario
Authors: Xia Meng , Yang Ruifang , Yin Gaofang , Chen Xiaowei , Chen Jingsong , Zhao Nanjing
Published: December 2022

Spectrometric quantification of nitrate and COD in water under random turbidity interference using an interpolation dataset augmentation method and one-dimensional convolutional neural network.
Charge-transport kinetics of dissolved redox-active polymers for rational design of flow batteries
Authors: Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Igarashi Yuto , Oyaizu Kenichi
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical kinetics of dissolved redox-active polymers are formulated. The model can be used for the rational design of redox-flow cells.
Luminescent 1H-1,3-benzazaphospholes
Authors: Evariste Sloane , Harrison Alexandra M. , Sarkar Sunandan , Rheingold Arnold L. , Dunietz Barry D. , Heinicke Joachim W. , Delgado Rosario Emalyn , Yoon Sungwoon , Teets Thomas S. , Protasiewicz John D.
Published: December 2022

2-R-1H-1,3-Benzazaphospholes (R-BAPs) are an interesting class of fluorescent σ2P heterocycles containing PC bonds.
Strebluses E–H, four new stilbene-like derivatives from the stems of Streblus ilicifolius
Authors: Le Tho Huu , Dang Phu Hoang , Nguyen Hai Xuan , Do Truong Nhat Van , Nguyen Nhan Trung , Nguyen Mai Thanh Thi
Published: December 2022

Streblus E was a potent tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from the stems of Streblus ilicifolius. Its docking study with oxy-tyrosinase was carried out to clarify their interactive model.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence with dual-emission and pressure-induced bidirectional shifting: cooperative effects of intramolecular and intermolecular energy transfer
Authors: Zhao Chenyue , Ding Zhipeng , Zhang Yibin , Ni Zhigang , Li Shijun , Gong Shaolong , Zou Bo , Wang Kai , Yu Ling
Published: December 2022

A high-contrast luminescent material exhibits dual-emission and pressure-induced bidirectional shifting, originating from the cooperative effects of TADF and excimers. It provides a novel mechanism for the piezochromic behavior.
The design of anti-fouling and anti-hydrolysis cyclic peptides for accurate electrochemical antigen testing in human blood
Authors: Han Rui , Hou Wenjie , Li Yang , Chen Min , Ding Caifeng , Luo Xiliang
Published: December 2022

A stable and antifouling electrochemical biosensor based on a designed cyclic peptide was developed for COVID-19 antigen testing in human blood.
Celebrating those who stand up for science against the odds: interview with 2022 Maddox Prize Winner Eucharia Nwaichi
Authors: Wood Charlay , Lappin Orla
Published: December 2022

The 2022 John Maddox Prize was awarded to Nigerian biochemist Dr Eucharia Nwaichi for her work engaging communities in conflict to address pollution in the oil fields of the Niger Delta with research. She has been able to resolve a dispute between local communities and an oil company on the effects of liquid waste on fish stocks in Rivers State, diffusing a conflict that threatened to escalate into violence. Eucharia persevered and succeeded despite the intense and often dangerous levels of conflict, and personal risk to herself, from representatives of a different oil company whose officials confiscated her recordings and data.
Multiomics characteristics and immunotherapeutic potential of EZH2 in pan-cancer
Authors: Luo Lianghua , Wang Zhonghao , Hu Tengcheng , Feng Zongfeng , Zeng Qingwen , Shu Xufeng , Wu Ahao , Huang Pan , Cao Yi , Tu Yi , Li Zhengrong
Published: December 2022

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a significant epigenetic regulator that plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the multiomics features and immunological effects of EZH2 in pan-cancer remain unclear. Transcriptome and clinical raw data of pan-cancer samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and subsequent data analyses were conducted by using R software (version 4.1.0). Furthermore, numerous bioinformatics analysis databases also reapplied to comprehensively explore and elucidate the oncogenic mechanism and therapeutic potential of EZH2 from pan-cancer insight. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assays were performed to verify the differential expression of EZH2 gene in various cancers at the mRNA and protein levels. EZH2 was widely expressed in multiple normal and tumor tissues, predominantly located in the nucleoplasm. Compared with matched normal tissues, EZH2 was aberrantly expressed in most cancers either at the mRNA or protein level, which might be caused by genetic mutations, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, EZH2 expression was correlated with clinical prognosis, and its up-regulation usually indicated poor survival outcomes in cancer patients. Subsequent analysis revealed that EZH2 could promote tumor immune evasion through T-cell dysfunction and T-cell exclusion. Furthermore, expression of EZH2 exhibited a strong correlation with several immunotherapy-associated responses (i.e., immune checkpoint molecules, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR) status, and neoantigens), suggesting that EZH2 appeared to be a novel target for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
Small extracellular vesicles: a new player in GDM pathogenesis
Authors: Reyes Agafe Bless , Burger Dylan
Published: December 2022

In a recent article published in Clinical Science, James-Allan et al. examined the effect of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) on glucose intolerance in pregnancy. This editorial commentary summarizes major findings from this study and discusses the impact on our understanding of the role of EVs in pregnancy
Multiscale anchor box and optimized classification with faster R‐CNN for object detection
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Ye , Qu Zhong
Published: December 2022

For the two‐stage object detector as a faster region‐convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN), upgrading the accuracy of object recognition depends on the proposal box, which is generated by the region proposal algorithms. Due to the limitations of the anchor setting of Faster RCNN, the size of the proposal box generated by the region proposal network (RPN) used is large, which would easily cause a great number of overflows in the sliding search. To improve the accuracy of object detection and remit the overflow problem of the anchor box, multi‐scale anchor box and moving overflow anchor box strategies are introduced here. Then, to increase the positive sample range of the foreground, the hierarchical weight cross entropy classification function is set for binary classification in the RPN network. These strategies could improve the accuracy of object detection. The experimental result achieves 76.2% AP on the Pascal VOC 2007(VOC 07) dataset, which is 2.7% higher than the Faster R‐CNN. The result of the Pascal VOC 2012(VOC 12) test, we achieve 75.6% AP, is improved by 2.5% compared with the Faster R‐CNN.
Dust polarization spectral dependence from Planck HFI data
Authors: Ritacco Alessia , Boulanger François , Guillet Vincent , Delouis Jean-Marc , Puget Jean-Loup , Aumont Jonathan , Vacher Léo
Published: December 2022

The search for the primordial B-modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) relies on the separation from the brighter foreground dust signal. In this context, the characterization of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of thermal dust in polarization has become a critical subject of study. We present a power-spectra analysis of Planck data, which improves upon previous studies by using the newly released SRoll2 maps that include corrections on residual data systematics and by extending the analysis to regions near the Galactic plane. Our analysis focuses on the lowest multipoles between ℓ = 4 and 32, as well as three sky areas with sky fractions of fsky = 80%, 90%, and 97%. The mean dust SED for polarization and the 353 GHz Q and U maps are used to compute residual maps at 100, 143, and 217 GHz, highlighting variations of the dust polarization SED on the sky and along the line of sight. Residuals are detected at the three frequencies for the three sky areas. We show that models based on total-intensity data end up underestimating (by a significant factor) the complexity of dust polarized CMB foreground. Our analysis emphasizes the need to include variations of the polarization angles of the dust polarized CMB foreground. The frequency dependence of the EE and BB power spectra of the residual maps yields further insight. We find that the moments expansion to the first order of the modified black-body (MBB) spectrum provides a good fit to the EE power-spectra. This result suggests that the residuals could follow mainly from variations of the dust MBB spectral parameters. However, this conclusion is challenged by cross-spectra showing that the residuals maps at the three frequencies are not fully correlated, as well as the fact that the BB power-spectra do not match the first order moment expansion of a MBB SED. This work sets new requirements for simulations of the dust-polarized foreground and component separation methods, showing that a significant refinement to the dust modeling is necessary to ensure an unbiased detection of the CMB primordial B-modes at the precision required by future CMB experiments. Further works would also be required to theoretically model the impact of polarization-angle variations on the EE and BB power spectra of residual maps.
The 100-monthSwiftcatalogue of supergiant fast X–ray transients
Authors: Romano P. , Evans P. A. , Bozzo E. , Mangano V. , Vercellone S. , Guidorzi C. , Ducci L. , Kennea J. A. , Barthelmy S. D. , Palmer D. M. , Krimm H. A. , Cenko S. B.
Published: December 2022

Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) displaying X-ray outbursts that can reach peak luminosities up to 1038erg s−1and spend most of their lives in more quiescent states with luminosities as low as 1032−1033erg s−1. During the quiescent states, less luminous flares are also frequently observed with luminosities of 1034−1035erg s−1. The main goal of the comprehensive and uniform analysis of the SFXTSwifttriggers presented in this paper is to provide tools to predict whether a transient that has no known X-ray counterpart may be an SFXT candidate. These tools can be exploited for the development of future missions exploring the variable X-ray sky through large field-of-view instruments. We examined all available data on outbursts of SFXTs that triggered theSwift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) collected between 2005 August 30 and 2014 December 31, in particular those for which broad-band data, including theSwift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) data, are also available. This work complements and extends our previous catalogue of SFXT flares detected by BAT from 2005 February 12 to 2013 May 31, since we now include the additional BAT triggers recorded until the end of 2014 (i.e. beyond the formal first 100 months of theSwiftmission). Due to a change in the mission’s observational strategy, virtually no SFXT triggers obtained a broad-band response after 2014. We processed all BAT and XRT data uniformly by using theSwiftBurst Analyser to produce spectral evolution dependent flux light curves for each outburst in the sample. The BAT data allowed us to infer useful diagnostics to set SFXT triggers apart from the generalγ-ray burst population, showing that SFXTs uniquely give rise to image triggers and are simultaneously very long, faint, and ‘soft’ hard-X-ray transients. We find that the BAT data alone can discriminate very well the SFXTs from other classes of fast transients, such as anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters. On the contrary, the XRT data collected around the time of the BAT triggers are shown to be decisive for distinguishing SFXTs from, for instance, accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars and jetted tidal disruption events. The XRT observations of 35 (out of 52 in total) SFXT BAT triggers show that in the soft X-ray energy band, SFXTs display a decay in flux from the peak of the outburst of at least three orders of magnitude within a day and rarely undergo large re-brightening episodes, favouring in most cases a rapid decay down to the quiescent level within three to five days (at most).
The opaque heart of the galaxy IC 860: Analogous protostellar, kinematics, morphology, and chemistry
Authors: Gorski M. D. , Aalto S. , König S. , Wethers C. , Yang C. , Muller S. , Viti S. , Black J. H. , Onishi K. , Sato M.
Published: December 2022

Compact Obscured Nuclei (CONs) account for a significant fraction of the population of luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs). These galaxy nuclei are compact, with radii of 10–100 pc, with large optical depths at submm and far-infrared wavelengths, and characterized by vibrationally excited HCN emission. It is not known what powers the large luminosities of the CON host galaxies because of the extreme optical depths towards their nuclei. CONs represent an extreme phase of nuclear growth, hiding either a rapidly accreting supermassive black hole or an abnormal mode of star formation. Regardless of their power source, the CONs allow us to investigate the processes of nuclear growth in galaxies. Here we apply principal component analysis (PCA) tomography to high-resolution (0″​​.06) ALMA observations at frequencies 245 to 265 GHz of the nearby CON (59 Mpc) IC 860. PCA is a technique to unveil correlation in the data parameter space, and we apply it to explore the morphological and chemical properties of species in our dataset. The leading principal components reveal morphological features in molecular emission that suggest a rotating, infalling disk or envelope, and an outflow analogous to those seen in Galactic protostars. One particular molecule of astrochemical interest is methanimine (CH2NH), a precursor to glycine, three transitions of which have been detected towards IC 860. We estimate the average CH2NH column density towards the nucleus of IC 860 to be ∼1017cm−2, with an abundance exceeding 10−8 relative to molecular hydrogen, using the rotation diagram method and non-LTE radiative transfer models. This CH2NH abundance is consistent with those found in hot cores of molecular clouds in the Milky Way. Our analysis suggests that CONs are an important stage of chemical evolution in galaxies, that are chemically and morphologically similar to Milky Way hot cores.
A general comparison principle for Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations on stratified domains
Authors: Jerhaoui Othmane , Zidani Hasnaa
Published: December 2022

This manuscript aims to study finite horizon, first order Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations on stratified domains. This problem is related to optimal control problems with discontinuous dynamics. We use nonsmooth analysis techniques to derive a strong comparison principle as in the classical theory and deduce that the value function is the unique viscosity solution. Furthermore, we prove some stability results of the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equation. Finally, we establish a general convergence result for monotone numerical schemes in the stratified case.
Phase-field methods for spectral shape and topology optimization
Authors: Garcke Harald , Hüttl Paul , Kahle Christian , Knopf Patrik , Laux Tim
Published: December 2022

We optimize a selection of eigenvalues of the Laplace operator with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions by adjusting the shape of the domain on which the eigenvalue problem is considered. Here, a phase-field function is used to represent the shapes over which we minimize. The idea behind this method is to modify the Laplace operator by introducing phase-field dependent coefficients in order to extend the eigenvalue problem on a fixed design domain containing all admissible shapes. The resulting shape and topology optimization problem can then be formulated as an optimal control problem with PDE constraints in which the phase-field function acts as the control. For this optimal control problem, we establish first-order necessary optimality conditions and we rigorously derive its sharp interface limit. Eventually, we present and discuss several numerical simulations for our optimization problem.
Non-equilibrium evolution of quarkonium in medium in the open quantum system approach
Authors: Strickland Michael
Published: December 2022

In this proceedings contribution, I review recent work that aims to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of bottomonium dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma using an open quantum system (OQS) approach that is applied in the framework of the potential non-relativistic QCD (pNRQCD) effective field theory and coupled to realistic hydrodynamical backgrounds that have been tuned to soft hadron observables. I review how the computation of bottomonium suppression can be reduced to solving a Gorini- Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad (GKSL) equation for the evolution of the bb̅ reduced density matrix, which includes both singlet and octet states plus medium-induced transitions between them at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the binding energy over temperature. Finally, I present comparisons of phenomenological predictions of the NLO OQS+pNRQCD approach and experimental data for bottomonium suppression and elliptic flow in LHC 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions obtained using both smooth and fluctuating hydrodynamic initial conditions.
Round table on Standard Model Anomalies
Authors: Kotwal Ashutosh V. , Matias Joaquim , Mauri Andrea , Tong Tom , Varnhorst Lukas
Published: December 2022

This contribution to “The XVth Quark confinement and the Hadron spectrum conference" covers a description, both theoretical and experimental, of the present status of a set of very different anomalies. The discussion ranges from the long standing b → sℓℓ anomalies, (g − 2) and the new MW anomaly.
QCD confronts heavy-flavor and exotic hadrons
Authors: Prelovsek Sasa
Published: December 2022

A review of QCD-based theory approaches to study the heavy-flavor and exotic hadrons is given. The focus is on the results from lattice QCD and from lattice QCD complemented by effective field theories. Both approaches are first briefly introduced and applied in few examples. Then the status of various hadrons sectors is presented.
Massive gluons in Curci-Ferrari model for describing infrared QCD
Authors: Peláez Marcela
Published: December 2022

At large energy quarks and gluons behave as free particles and therefore the standard perturbative analysis of QCD gives very good results. However, this is not the situation in the low energy regime of QCD which is generally treated with nonperturbative methods. In spite of this, lattice simulations observe that the expansion parameter is not large in the gluonic sector. In particular, the coupling constant do not reach a Landau pole in the infrared as it is expected by standard perturbation theory. On top of this, lattice simulations find that the gluon propagator behaves as a massive propagator in the infrared. Motivated by these observations we use a model that includes a mass for the gluon (Curci-Ferrari) that can reproduce the same kind of behaviour for the gluon propagator and also a similar expansion parameter as the one found by the lattice. In this proceeding we show some of the results of quenched correlation functions obtained by using that small parameter for computing one and two loops corrections. At the end, we compare them with lattice data obtaining very good results.
Path integral study of the Casimir effect in a chiral medium
Authors: Oosthuyse Thomas , Canfora Fabrizio , Dudal David , Pais Pablo , Rosa Luigi
Published: December 2022

The Casimir effect is a remarkable macroscopic feature of QED, while recent lattice studies have also shown its potential nontrivial consequences in QCD. In light of having a better understanding of the Casimir effect, it is advantageous to have a self-contained path integral formulation of the phenomenon. I will show how the Casimir effect between two uncharged plates in the presence of a chiral medium, modeled with an axion term θF͂μvFμv, can be formulated in terms of the path integral, and how such a formulation leads to a 3D effective action of the restricted electromagnetic field.