bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long non-coding RNA THOR promotes Ovarian Cancer cells progression via STAT3 pathway
Authors: Ge Jing , Han Tao , Shan Lili , Na Jing , Li Ya , Wang Jun
Published: January 2020

Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The prognosis of OC remains poor due to the advanced stage and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Recently, a novel lncRNA, THOR (testis-associated highly conserved oncogenic long non-coding RNA), was characterized in human cancers and shown to exhibit an oncogenic role. However, the role of THOR in OC was still unknown.Methods RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of THOR and p-STAT3. The impact of THOR on OC proliferation, metastasis and self-renew was investigated in vitro and in vivo . The prognostic value of THOR was determined in OC patient cohorts.Results In this study, our results found that THOR was markedly upregulated in human OC tissues and predict the poor prognosis of OC patients. THOR knockdown resulted in significant inhibition of the growth, metastasis and self-renewal of OC cells. Mechanistically, THOR drives OC cell progression via the STAT3 signaling. Moreover, the specific STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 diminished the discrepancy in the growth, metastatic and self-renewal capacity between THOR-silenced OC cells and control cells, which further confirmed that STAT3 was required in THOR-driven OC cells progression.Conclusion Our findings revealed that THOR could promote OC cells growth, metastasis and self-renew by activating STAT3 signaling and may be a good predictive factor and therapeutic target.
What is the role of the PN in the care of people living with dementia, or cognitive impairment, and their support person(s)? : A systematic review.
Authors: Gibson Caroline , Goeman Dianne , Pond Dimity
Published: January 2020

Background: The potential value of expanding the Practice Nurse role to include the recognition and management of dementia has been acknowledged and Practice Nurses are well-positioned to provide comprehensive dementia information and support so that people living with dementia are better equipped to self-manage their health and live well with dementia. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine published Australian and international literature to identify the existing and potential roles of Practice Nurse’s involvement in the delivery of care to people living with dementia or cognitive impairment and their support person(s) and also describe the characteristics and effectiveness of nurse interventions in dementia models of care in general practice. Methods: We systematically reviewed the evidence for roles and characteristics of the Practice Nurse in the delivery of dementia care. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant original research published in English between January 2000 and January 2019 and available in full text. Thirteen articles were included. Results: Characteristics of roles, undertaken by nurses working in the general practice setting, which were potentially beneficial to people living with dementia and their support person were identified. These included increased patient accessibility to the Practice Nurse, early recognition and management of cognitive changes, care management and collaboration with the General Practitioner. Limitations of the provision of dementia care by Practice Nurses included a lack of definition of the role, inadequate dementia specific training, time constraints and poor communication with General Practitioners. Conclusions Further research is required to define and evaluate the scope of practice and characteristics of the Practice Nurse role in dementia care provision. Embedding in usual general practice care an evidence-based model of care describing the role of the Practice Nurse in dementia care provision has the potential to increase early recognition of cognitive impairment and more appropriate primary care management of dementia. Systematic Review registration number PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018088191
Comparison of Patients’ Perceived Quality of Primary Care Between Urban and Rural Community Health Centers in Guangdong, China
Authors: chen aiyun , Feng Shanshan , Zhang liang , Shi leiyu
Published: January 2020

Background: A series of reforms were implemented to improve the quality of primary care services in China. This study aims to assess patients' perceived quality of primary health care between rural and urban community health centers in Guangdong.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to December 2015 in Guangdong. We surveyed 1010 respondents who visited either CHCs/CHSs in urban areas or THCs/RHSs in rural areas via face-to-face interviews. A validated Chinese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Short Version (PCAT-AS), representing 10 primary care domains, was used to collect information on patients’ primary care experiences. T-test was used for comparison on domain scores and total scores between patients from CHCs/CHSs and THCs/RHSs. Analysis of covariance was employed to compare the adjusted PCAT domain scores and total scores. Multilevel models were used to explore factors associated with PCAT total scores. Results: Overall, patients reported a lower level of experience of community orientation and family centeredness compared to other primary care domains. Patients from THCs/RHSs settings in the rural area reported better primary care experience in four domains, including first contact, accessibility, ongoing care, and community orientation. Higher education background, and those with a chronic disease were associated with better primary care experience, after controlling for confounding factors. Patients who preferred primary care institutions when getting sick or used health services more frequently reported better primary care experience.Conclusion: Continued efforts are needed to strengthen primary care performance, particularly in community orientation and family centeredness. Primary care delivery in CHCs/CHSs settings should be improved in four domains including first contact, accessibility, ongoing care, and community orientation.
The study on knowledge-attitude-practice of primary care physician toward anticoagulants therapy in Non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in Shanghai of China
Authors: Ye Shasha , Wang Tianhao , Liu Arthur , Yu Ying , Pan Zhigang , Gu Jie
Published: January 2020

Background As the large number of CHS centers in China face the majority of NVAF patients, primary care physicians (PCPs) play the primary role in the prevention of embolization. Therefore, an awareness of anticoagulant management in NVAF patients must be brought into focus among PCPs in China. This study will help primary care physicians (PCPs) increase their awareness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to prevent embolization.Method This was a cross-sectional observational study of 462 PCPs in community health service (CHS) centers across Shanghai. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from September to December 2017. A stratified random cluster sampling was adopted in the 90 CHS centers with the family medicine residency program.Result Among 462 participants, 69.3% (320/462) of females with a medical bachelor’s degree and more than 10 years of work experience predominated in the 30 to 49 years of age group. The mean score for “knowledge,” “attitude” and “practices” of OAC therapy in NVAF patients among PCPs was 3.68±2.752, 53.62±7.148, and 37.63±10.336, respectively. The level of knowledge of OAC therapy in NVAF patients among PCPs was insufficient in over half (75.8%) of participants. The majority (89.8%) of PCPs had a positive attitude and 68.0% had modest performance in the anticoagulant management of NVAF patients.Conclusion The knowledge and behaviors of PCPs were insufficient in OAC therapy to prevent embolization in NVAF patients. The study also revealed the positive attitudes of participants, and their desire to learn the latest knowledge of OAC therapy.
Explanatory histological findings for urinary protein and serum creatinine levels at renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Katsuyama Eri , Miyawaki Yoshia , Sada Kenei , Asano Yosuke , Hayashi Keigo , Yamamura Yuriko , Hiramatsu-Asano Sumie , Morishita Michiko , Ohashi Keiji , Watanabe Haruki , Katsuyama Takayuki , Narazaki Mariko , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Wada Jun
Published: January 2020

Background To evaluate histological active and chronic lesions associated with proteinuria and serum creatinine (SCr) level as common clinical endpoints in many clinical trials for lupus nephritis (LN).Methods One hundred and nineteen patients from 1990 to 2015 with LN class III, IV, and V, as defined by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification, were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore semiquantitative histological variables related to urinary protein and SCr levels.Results The mean age of enrolled patients was 45 years and 79% were female. The mean SCr level was 0.87 mg/dl and mean urinary protein was 3.00 g/gCr at the time of the renal biopsy. Class IV (71%) was the most common type, followed by class III (17%) and class V (13%). Multicollinearity was confirmed between monocellular infiltration (variance inflation factor [VIF] = 10.22) and interstitial fibrosis (VIF = 10.29) and between karyorrhexis (VIF = 4.14) and fibrinoid necrosis (VIF = 4.29). After excluding fibrinoid necrosis and monocellular infiltration because of multicollinearity, only urinary protein level was correlated with wire loop (β−coefficient [β]: 1.09 and confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 1.83), and SCr level was correlated with glomerular sclerosis (β: 1.08 and CI: 0.43 to 1.74) by multiple regression analysis.Conclusion As urinary protein and SCr levels could not reflect active lesions quantitatively, they might be difficult to be evaluated for response to induction remission treatments in patients with LN.
Pleiotropic effect of ABCG2 in gout: involvement in serum urate levels and progression from hyperuricemia to gout
Authors: Wrigley Rebekah , Phipps-Green Amanda J , Topless Ruth K , Major Tanya J , Cadzow Murray , Riches Philip , Tausche Anne-Kathrin , Janssen Matthijs , Joosten Leo AB , Jansen Tim L , So Alexander , Hindmarsh Jennie Harré , Dalbeth Nicola , Stamp Lisa K , Merriman Tony
Published: January 2020

Background The ABCG2 Q141K (rs2231142) and rs10011796 variants associate with hyperuricaemia (HU). The effect size of ABCG2 rs2231142 on urate is ~60% that of SLC2A9, yet the effect size on gout is greater. We tested the hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a role in the progression from HU to gout by testing for association of ABCG2 rs2231142 and rs10011796 with gout using HU controls.Methods We analysed 1,699 European gout cases and 14,350 normourciemic (NU) and HU controls, and 912 New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (divided into Eastern and Western Polynesian) gout cases and 696 controls. Association testing was performed using logistic and linear regression with multivariate adjusting for confounding variables.Results In Europeans and Polynesians, the ABCG2 141K (T) allele was associated with gout using HU controls (OR=1.85, P=3.8E-21 and ORmeta=1.85, P=1.3E-03, respectively). There was evidence for an effect of 141K in determining HU in European (OR=1.56, P=1.7E-18) but not in Polynesian (ORmeta=1.49, P=0.057). For SLC2A9 rs11942223, the T allele associated with gout in the presence of HU in European (OR=1.37, P=4.7E-06), however significantly weaker than ABCG2 rs2231142 141K (PHet=0.0023). In Western Polynesian and European, there was epistatic interaction between ABCG2 rs2231142 and the genetically-independent rs10011796. Combining the presence of the 141K allele with the rs10011796 CC-genotype increased gout risk, in the presence of HU, 21.5-fold in Western Polynesian (P=0.009) and 2.6-fold in European (P=9.9E-06). The 141K allele positively associated with flare frequency in Polynesian (Pmeta=2.5E-03).Conclusion These data are consistent with a role for ABCG2 141K in gout in the presence of established HU.
Pulmonary Health Effects Following Repeated Exposure and Cessation to Wintertime Particulate Matter from California and China
Authors: Yuan Wanjun , Velasquez Sandra C , Wu Ching-wen , Fulgar Ciara C , Zhang Qi , Young Dominique , Bein Keith J , Vogel Christoph F , Li Wei , Cui liangliang , Wei Haiying , Pinkerton Kent
Published: January 2020

Background: Epidemiological studies show a strong association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and adverse pulmonary effects. While PM concentration can vary by time and location, PM toxicity has been most recently linked to both physicochemical composition and exposure scenario. To study the relevance of particle characteristics to toxicity, winter PM 2.5 samples were obtained from three geographically similar regions (Sacramento, California, USA; Jinan, Shandong, China; and Taiyuan, Shanxi, China), with typically high atmospheric PM 2.5 emissions. PM extract samples (PM CA , PM SD , and PM SX , respectively) were administered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OPA) to different groups of BALB/C mice, at equal mass concentrations [0 (water vehicle control only) or 20 µg/50 µL], on five different occasions over a two-week period, for a cumulative PM dose of 0 or 100 µg/mouse. Mice were necropsied on Days 1, 2 and 4 after the final exposure, and pulmonary effects were evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), histopathology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction tests, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Unique differences were noted in the chemical composition for each geographic region with PM SX containing the highest concentration of sulfates (organic and inorganic). A systematic examination of the time lag effects of repeated PM exposure demonstrated unique differences. In mice administered PM SX versus the control, BAL neutrophilia, alveolitis, and bronchiolitis were observed on Days 1 and 4. By Day 4, PM SX -exposed mice also exhibited increased gene expression for multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, chemokine C-X-C motif ligands-3 and -5), and increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 relative to control-, PM CA -, or PM SD -exposed mice . Conclusions: Direct comparison of the toxic effects of three geographically different PM samples on an equal mass basis demonstrate unique pathobiology with increasing lag time post-exposure. Higher sulfate levels in PM SX versus PM CA and PM SD may contribute to the greater inflammatory responses noted that progressed over time.
Positive childbirth experience: a qualitative Study
Authors: Tabaghdehi Monirolsadate Hosseini , Keramat Afsaneh , Kolahdozan Sakineh , Shahhosseini Zohreh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Motaghi Zahra
Published: January 2020

Objective Women gain essential experiences during the labour process that the quality of these experiences impacts on the health of the mother and her child and the mother-child relationship. the aim of this study was to explore the meaning of a positive childbirth experience as expressed by women who had given birth in Iran. This is a qualitative study on conducted on a sample of 10 women aged 20- 38 with positive childbirth experience. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews were conducted during 72 hours to two months after childbirth. The sampling process was purposeful. Content analysis method was used for data analysis.Results Interviews with the participants were analyzed, and conceptual codes were extracted and then coded into two themes and five subthemes. The theme includes: control and empowerment and subtheme includes preparation, coping, support, self-efficacy and self-esteem. positive childbirth experiences play a crucial role in women's empowerment and increase fertility rates and decrease cesarean delivery. Many factors play an important role in making childbirth experience that health care systems must consider during pregnancy and childbirth in their policies and guidelines.
Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10) in Cows Vaccinated with Prototype Killed S. aureus Mastitis Vaccine and Challenged with S. aureus Mastitis Infection.
Authors: Hambali Idris Umar , Abdallah Faez Firdaus Jesse Bin , Bhuttu Khaleequl rahaman , Lila Azmi M , Zakaria zunita , Haron Abd Wahid , Jeferi M. N
Published: January 2020

Background The economic downturn experienced by farmers and the fear of milk borne infection are of a greater public health concern. Haptoglobin, Serum Amyloid A, IL-12 and IL-10 in lactating Friesian cows vaccinated with prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine and challenged with S. aureus were evaluated. Bacterin concentration at 10 8 cfu /ml of the local isolate of S. aureus was adjuvanted with KAl(SO₄)₂. Six lactating Friesian cows were grouped into A= Negative control, B = Positive control and C = vaccine group. Group C was vaccinated intramuscularly with 2ml of the monovalent vaccine, groups A and B with physiologic normal saline. Groups B and C were later challenged with the live bacterium via intramammary route . Result There was a significant increase in IL-10 concentration in vaccinated group post primary vaccination (PPV), booster phase (PB) and during the bacterial challenge phase. There was also a significantly increased IL-12 concentration in the vaccinated group at 24 hours, weeks 1 and 2 PPV. Haptoglobin at 12 and 24 hours PPV had a significant difference in group C. During the PB at 8 and 12 hours there was a significant difference in group C. During the bacterial challenged phase at 0, 3, 24 hours and day 7 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 8 hours PC there was a significant difference in group C. For Serum Amyloid A, during PPV at 0, 3, 8, 12, 24 hours and weeks 1 and 2, the concentrations was significantly different in groups C. During PB at 0, 3, 8 and 12 hours PB there was a significant difference in groups C. During the bacterial challenge phase at 3, 8, 12, 24 hours, days 7 and 14 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 0 hour PC there was a significant increase observed in group C. Conclusion The developed prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine using local isolates was able to stimulate acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pattern of responses PC indicated protection, thereby suggesting that vaccination can protect against mastitis infection in dairy cows.
Cloning, expression and monoclonal antibody of porcine interferon-regulated antiviral gene
Authors: Wang Hua , Jiao Yajuan , Kong Ning , Tong Wu , Sun Dage , Dong Sujie , Chen Xiaoyong , Zhai Huanjie , Bai Yuanzhe , Zheng Hao , Yu Hai , Li Liwei , Gao Fei , Yu Lingxue , Jiang Yifeng , Zhou Yanjun , Li Guoxin , Liu Changlong , Tong Guangzhi , Shan Tongling
Published: January 2020

Background: IRAV (interferon-regulated antiviral gene) was identified with antiviral activity as a novel interferon-stimulated gene. IRAV is upregulated in response to type I and type II IFNs and a number of virus. However, the antiviral activity of IRAV to virus infection is poorly understood. Results: In this study, we cloned the full-length IRAV complementary DNA (cDNA) from porcine kidney cells. The porcine IRAV cDNA was of 1241 bp with an open reading frame of 858 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 285 amino acids, which localized to the cytoplasm. The porcine IRAV protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purified and immunized to female BALB/c mice to get monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against porcine IRAV. Five strains of hybridoma cells named 2B10, 2G12, 2H1,5A8 and 2C5 secreting anti-IRAV MAbs were obtained. By western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence assay, the MAbs were identified with the specific reaction with the overexpressed porcine IRAV protein in PK15 cells. Conclusions: The MAbs against porcine IRAV, identified by western blot and IFA, provid a valuable tool to study the biological function of IRAV in the future.
Current practices of management of congenital Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy and childhood: systematic review protocol
Authors: Dubois Claire Perillaud , Belhadi Drifa , Laouénan Cédric , Mandelbrot Laurent , Vauloup-Fellous Christelle , Picone Olivier
Published: January 2020

Background: Congenital CMV infection is the first worldwide cause of congenital viral infection and a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss and mental retardation. As systematic screening of pregnant women and newborns is still debated in many countries, this systematic review aims to provide the state of the art on current practices concerning management of congenital CMV infection.Methods: We will perform electronically searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science and hand searches in grey literature. Interventions regarding biological, imaging, and therapeutic management of infected pregnant women, fetuses and neonates/children (from birth to 6 years old) will be studied in this systematic review. Study screening will be performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers and risk of bias will be evaluated with the ROBINS-I tool. Discussion: This review will provide the state of the art of current management of congenital CMV infection in pregnant women, fetuses, neonates and children until 6 years old, in order to have an overview of current practices of congenital CMV infection.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019124342
Functional outcome of patients after shoulder hemiarthroplasty for neglected fractured proximal humerus
Authors: Marsetio Aldo Fransiskus , Aminata Iman Widya , Wonggokusuma Erick , Dalitan Ivan Mucharry
Published: January 2020

Introduction. The main objective of hemiarthroplasty is to restore the shoulder into the state of fully functional and pain-free. The most important steps in performing hemiarthroplasty are during obtaining proper head height and shaft length, retroversion correction, and tuberosities fixation. Literatures have shown significant improvement on patients performed shoulder hemiarthroplasty, either in the short and medium term or in the long term.Methods. We did a retrospective cohort on patients with neglected proximal humerus fracture who underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty at several hospitals in Jakarta, including Fatmawati general hospital, Siaga Raya hospital, Siloam hospital and Mitra Kemayoran hospital. Patients who underwent surgery within 2015 to 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients with neglected Neer 3-part or Neer 4-part proximal humerus fracture, confirmed by x-ray and computed tomography scans, were included. Patients were referred to the surgeon at least 2 weeks after injuryResult. Hemiarthroplasty result in satisfactory functional outcomes, with ASES score Preoperative (median (range)) 4.9 (5-37) improved to Postoperative (Mean±SD) 67.27 ± 13.37. Despite the Age at surgery (years, Mean±SD) 63.87 ± 14.65 are in the elderly group and timing of the operation relative to the initial trauma is (median, range) 13 weeks (2-156), hemiarthroplasty still result in a satisfactory functional outcome even though our patients fracture pattern were Neer 3 and Neer 4.Conclusion. Hemiarthroplasty in neglected three- and four- part proximal humerus fracture is positively correlated with satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes even with associated AVN of humeral head despite the age and the timing of operation.
The Time-dependent Effects of Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy on Bovine Articular Cartilage
Authors: Peng Liangquan , Li Yusheng , Zhang Kai , Chen Qi , Xiao Lulu , Geng Yiyun , Huang Yong , Zhu Weimin , Lu Wei , Zhang Greg , Deng Zhenhan , Wang Daping
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of bipolar radiofrequency energy (bRFE) on chondroplasty at the different time durations in an in vitro experiment that simulated an arthroscopic procedure. Methods: Six fresh bovine knees were used in our study. Six squares were marked on both the medical and lateral femoral condyles of each femur. Each square was respectively treated with bRFE for 0s, 10s, 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s. Full-thickness articular cartilage specimens were harvested from the treatment areas. Each specimen was divided into three distinct parts: one for hematoxylin/eosin staining histology, another for cartilage surface contouring assessment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the last one for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content measurement. Results: bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes, and GAG content in the cartilage was negatively correlated to exposure time. bRFE caused time-correlated damage to chondrocytes. The GAG content in the cartilage negatively correlated with the exposure time. The sealing effect positively correlated with the exposure time. Additionally, it took at least 20 seconds of radiofrequency exposure to render a smooth cartilage surface and a score of 2 (normal) in the scoring system used. Conclusion: bRFE usage in chondroplasty could effectively trim and polish the cartilage lesion area; however, it induces a dose-dependent detrimental effect on chondrocytes and metabolic activity that negatively correlated with the treatment time. Therefore, cautions should be taken in the use of bRFE for treatment of articular cartilage injury.
Malapposition of Graft-host Interface after Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) and Deep Anterior lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Zhao Yujin , Zhuang Hong , Hong Jiaxu , Tian Lijia , Xu Jianjiang
Published: January 2020

Backgroud: Previous studies of internal graft-host malappositions have not dealt with the precise ways in which each malapposition affected post-penetrating keratoplasty (post-PK) visual outcomes. In this study, we reviewed our post-PK and post-deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (post-DALK) keratoconic patients and used anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to evaluate the associations between graft-host interface (GHI) characteristics and visual outcomes. Methods: Novel GHI metrics included: mean graft-host touch (GHT), total prevalence of malapposition proportion (Pm), frequency of apposition (F), size of malapposition (Sm), junctional graft thickness (Tg), junctional host thickness (Th) and the absolute value of difference between Tg and Th (|Tg-Th|). We connected the external and internal junction points of GHI (GHT) and drew a straight line through the central point, perpendicular to both sides of the cornea. Tg and Th were the thicknesses at cross-points 1 mm away from the meeting point on the external side of the graft and host, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to describe associations between GHI metrics and postsurgical visual outcomes [ logarithm of minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), spherical equivalent diopter (SE), diopter of spherical power (DS), diopter of cylindrical power (DC) and keratometric astigmatism (Astig value)]. Results: We enrolled 22 post-PK and 23 post-DALK keratoconic patients. Compared with the regular-apposition results, GHT was decreased in step and gape patterns, and increased in hill and tag patterns. SE increased averagely by 6.851, 5.428 and 5.164 diopter per 1% increase in: F (step) [β=6.851; 95% Confidence interval (CI)=2.975-10.727; P=0.001]; F (graft step) [β=5.428; 95% CI=1.685-9.171; P=0.005]; and Pm [β=5.164; 95%CI=0.913-9.146; P=0.018], respectively. SE increased averagely by 0.31 diopter per 10-μm increment in |Tg-Th| [β=0.031; 95% CI=0.009-0.054; P=0.007]. LogMAR BCVA increased (on average) by 0.01 per 10-μm increment in both GHT [β=0.001; 95% CI=0-0.002; P=0.030]. and Tg [β=0.001; 95% CI=0.001-0.002; P=0.001]. Astig value increased on average by 0.17 diopter per 10-μm increment in Sm [β=0.017; 95% CI=0-0.033; P=0.047]. Conclusion: This investigation of GHI characteristics suggests explanations for varied ametropia in keratoconic eyes and has potential significance as a reference for promoting pre-surgical planning and technology for corneal transplantation.
UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK DAUN HYPERICUM LESCHENAULTII CHOISY DARI GUNUNG LAWU TERHADAP ARTEMIA SALINA L. SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIKANKER
Authors: Noviana Yudha , Ayudewandari Pranatami Dwimei
Published: January 2020

Mount Lawu is a biodiversity rich mountain, with the potensial of medicinal plants of various kinds including anticancer plants. Flora on the Mount Lawu that has potential for anticancer is Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy containing compounds hypericin. Hypericum has several biological activities such as a antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer. The research aims to determine the potential of bioactive compounds and extracts of the leaves of H. leschenaultii from Mount Lawu and toxicity to Artemia salina Leach and profile Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) it.   Ethanol extract of the leaves of H. leschenaultii was tested toxicity with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) using a concentration of  400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. The TLC profiles of bioactive compounds were determined by using spesific spray reagent.  The results show the potential and toxicity of leaf extract of H. leschenaultii with LC values 175,77 µg/ml. TLC profile of bioactive compounds leaf extract of H. leschenaultiicontaining flavonoids with Rf values of 0,98 and terpenoid compounds with Rf value of 0,91; 0,95; 0,98.

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Gunung Lawu merupakan gunung yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati,  dengan potensi tumbuhan obat yang beragam, termasuk potensi tumbuhan sebagai antikanker.  Adanya potensi tumbuhan sebagai sumber senyawa antikanker tersebut belum banyak diteliti dan digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif.  Flora di Gunung Lawu yang potensial sebagai tumbuhan antikanker, yaitu Hypericum leschenaultii Choisy yang mengandung senyawa hypericin dan memiliki status keberadaan yang melimpah di Gunung lawu, sehingga sangat penting untuk diketahui manfaatnya agar dapat dimanfaatkan lebih luas.  Hypericin memiliki beberapa aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan, antitumor, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun H. leschenaultii dari Gunung Lawu sebagai antikanker dengan melihat toksisitasnya terhadap Artemia salina Leach serta profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) nya. Untuk mengetahui potensi sebagai tanaman antikanker maka ekstrak etanol daun H. leschenaultii diuji toksisitasnya dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Dalam uji BST tersebut digunakan 5 konsentrasi esktrak etanol daun H. leschenaultii yaitu: 400 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif dideteksi dengan reagen semprot spesifik untuk mengetahui profil KLT-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi dan toksisitas ekstrak H. leschenaultii dengan nilai LC 175,77 µg/ml. Profil KLT senyawa bioaktif ekstrak daun H. leschenaultii mengandung senyawa flavonoid dengan nilai Rf 0,98 serta senyawa terpenoid dengan nilai Rf 0,91; 0,95; 0,98.

 
The Shi'ite Movement in Iraq
Authors: KOÇ Mehmet Akif
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to understand the religious,
political, and organizational background of the Shi’ite movement in Iraq. It
identifies the relationships that Iraqi Shi’ite groups have developed with
other regional actors, most notably Iran, as well as the Shi’ite opinion
leaders who have earned a prominent religious and political identity in the
country, including Ayatollah Sistani, Muqtada al-Sadr, and the al-Hekim family.
Finally, this paper also analyzes Shi’ite relations with and approaches to the
state. Faleh Cabbar, an Iraqi sociologist, offers a very important historical
and general framework in his book on the Shi’ite Movement in Iraq. However,
much of it will require constant updates since its utility as a bedside resource will
rapidly diminish as the position and actions of Iraqi Shi’ites change over
time.
İronik ve Egzotik Ofili Etkisi (Sanatta Bir Karşı Saldırı)
Authors: Demir Güneş
Published: January 2020

Chris Ofili; geleneksel sanat
yöntemlerine karşı yine gelenekleri kullanan Turner ödüllü Siyahi bir İngiliz sanatçıdır.
Hemen hemen her çalışmasında kullandığı köklerinin yapılı doğasını sunan fil
dışkısı sürekli karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kültür ve doğa ikililiği, Afrika ve Asya
kolonilerinin köklerinin anlatısını içeren fil dışkısı Ofili’ nin kültürel
alanlarının, kökenin ifadesi, ırkçı yaklaşımlara ve çok kültürlülüğe karşı
duruştur. Mizahi bir karşı saldırıya geçen Ofili’nin vurgulu temaları dikkat
çekicidir. Kimliği ve ırkı üzerinde duran ötekileştirilmiş siyahi halkının
resmini yaptığını belirten ve bunu alımlayıcıyı rahatsız etme çabası içinde
gerçekleştiren; Ofili, bedenin yapı bozumunu, kimliğini ve kavramsal yapısını
sorgulayan eserleriyle öteki konumundaki bedenleri kutsallaştırır. Araştırmada
incelenen eserler, Postkolonyalizmin de önem kazandığı yıllarda sanatçının üretmiş
olduğu farklı eserlerinden seçilmiştir. Araştırmada ele alınan eserler;
postmodern eleştiriye açık eserler olmakla birlikte yapısöküm ile de
incelenmiştir. Literatür taraması, sanatçıyla yapılan video röportajların
incelenmesi ve sanatçının kendi yazıları da incelenerek elde edilen veriler
kullanılarak eserler kavramsal çerçevede tartışılmıştır.
İtalyan Bestecilerinin Modern Dönem Kontrbas Eserleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Demirbatır Rasim Erol , Acar Sibel
Published: January 2020

Modern sanatın amacı, duygulardan çok
akılla yazmak, resmetmek ve bestelemektir. İtalya, klasik müzik kontrbas
literatüründe akla ilk gelen ülkelerden biridir.  İtalyan besteciler tarafından modern dönemde
kontrbas için çok sayıda eser üretilmiştir. Modern dönem, kontrbas literatürü
açısından oldukça önemli dönemlerden biri olmakla birlikte, 20. yüzyıldan
günümüze kadar olan kontrbas eserleri ülkemizde pek tanınmamaktadır. Bu
eserleri belirlemek, bir dizin oluşturmak ve kontrbas eğitimine katkı sağlamak
amacıyla bu araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Modern dönemde kontrbas için
eser yazan İtalyan besteciler ve eserlerinin neler olduğu sorusuna yanıt
aranmış; Bu kapsamda eserlerin belirlenmesi için kaynak tarama yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Uluslararası yayınlar taranmış ve internet kaynaklarından
yararlanılmıştır.  

Araştırmada 1900 yılı sonrası yazılmış
ve ulaşılabilen 141 eserden, kontrbas konçertoları, metot /etüt kitapları,
küçük formda bestelenmiş solo kontrbas ve piyano/orkestra eşlikli eserler gruplandırılarak
incelenmiştir. İtalyan bestecilerin kontrbas eserlerinin nicelik ve çeşitlilik
açısından literatüre önemli katkıda bulunduğu, dönemin bestecilerinin çok
sayıda eser ürettiği ve bu eserlerin geniş bir perspektifte dağılım gösterdiği
belirlenmiştir.
Toxic Metal Ions Removal from Electroplating Wastewater Using Polymer Chelating Ligands
Authors: Rahman Md L. , Sarjadi Mohd S. , Arshad Sazmal E. , Musta Baba , Abdullah Mohd H. , Sarkar Shaheen M. , O'Reilly Emmet J.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a type of biomass waste product formed during
the production process of palm oil. In the present work, EFB was used to prepare a cellulose-graftcopolymer
which can be converted into poly(amidoxime)-poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands suitable for
the removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater.

Methods and Results:

Poly(amidoxime)-poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands were synthesized from the
poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) grafted palm cellulose and were analyzed via FT-IR and FESEM.
The binding capacity (qe) with the metals ions such as copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), cobalt
(Co2+), nickel (Ni2+) and lead (Pb2+) were 341, 290, 284, 204 and 482 mg g-1, respectively at pH 6.
The pseudo-first-order kinetic model is fitted with the results confirming heavy metal adsorption.
The isotherm study was conducted using a linear plot of the Langmuir isotherm where results were
significantly different from the experimental value (maximum adsorption, qe), indicating that adsorption
does not occur on a single layer. However, the coefficient of the correlation values obtained using
the Freundlich isotherm model was acceptable (R2>0.99), and it was concluded that adsorption
was multilayered with some metal ions.

Conclusion:

The polymeric ligands synthesized here showed excellent adsorption of heavy metals
from electroplating wastewater containing a notable amount of copper and iron metal ions.
Applications of QbD-based Software’s in Analytical Research and Development
Authors: Jena Bikash Ranjan , Panda Siva Prasad , Umasankar Kulandaivelu , Swain Suryakanta , Koteswara Rao Gudhanti Siva Naga , Damayanthi Dalu , Ghose Debashish , Pradhan Debi Prasad
Published: January 2020

Background:

Quality by design-based software’s in analytical research and development
normally encompasses multiple objectives. For decades, this task has been attempted through trial and
error, supplemented with the previous experience, knowledge, and wisdom of analytical researchers.

Objective:

The study analyzes the current QbD-assisted software’s, such as design-experts, minitab, fusion
product development, etc., and its broad implementations in an analytical research and development.

Methods:

The traditional approach may fails to meet the intended purpose by trial and error procedure
during analytical research and development. However, modern scientific technology is equipped with
highly advanced features associated with the software of the QbD paradigm. The impact and interactions
between the critical process variables and critical method attributes such as resolution, tailing, etc.
can be well understood by the screening, optimization, and robustness studies based on the principles
of experimental design.

Results:

The design of experiments assimilate statistical multi-variate analysis instead of one factor at
a time approach. This also provides a prominent, most reliable quality output, which is also essential
for getting highly robust method as well as to obtain homogenous product development.

Conclusion:

The present review, critically discussed about the various QbD based multivariate software
and their applications in drug development and analytical research.
Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery
Authors: Gorantla Srividya , Waghule Tejashree , Rapalli Vamshi Krishna , Singh Prem Prakash , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Saha Ranendra Narayan , Singhvi Gautam
Published: January 2020

Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.
Research on tools to enhance the story effects of story type teaching materials by e-learning
Authors: Takeoka Atsue
Published: January 2020

E-learning, which essentially refers to learning digitally, has been around for some time, with the 'teaching machine' invented in 1954 to enable schools to administer programmed instruction to students and then, in 1960, the first computer-based training programme was developed. In
the past decade, the potential for e-learning has blossomed, with the advent of more and more virtual spaces and resources. With more e-learning solutions now available than ever before, the phenomenon has never been more accessible but has the true potential of e-learning been realised and
are people aware of what it can offer them? Dr Atsue Takeoka is a researcher working with the Graduate School of Instructional Systems (GSIS) at Kumamoto University, Japan, who is interested in exploring the true potential of e-learning and spreading the message of its importance. She has
a particular interest in story-based learning. 'Enhancing the story using story-based teaching materials is not about making the story better, it is about finding the factors that bring learners closer to the story,' she highlights. 'Story-based learning is an effective way to maximise the
potential of e-learning. I would like to find more ways to increase the potential of e-learning.' Takeoka and her team are interested in something called the story-based curriculum (SCC), which is a curriculum based on goal-based scenarios (GBS) that incorporates mistakes into a computer-based
story. This led to the development of the GSIS-SCC, whereby instead of being done as a virtual simulation on a computer, GBS is done in real-world situations. 'SCC has three major features,' outlines Takeoka. 'The first is to use human teachers. The second is to use existing content without
developing it as much as possible. The third is to learn from the team. And, GSIS-SCC has another feature. It regularly provides opportunities for reflection.'
Pseudo-haptic feedback by cross-modal perception of auditory stimuli
Authors: Nakajima Musashi
Published: January 2020

There has been a boom in virtual reality (VR) in recent years, and it is an area of technology that is rapidly developing. VR tends to incorporate audio and video feedback, and other feedback can be experienced through haptic technology, which is a form of technology that can create
the experience of touch using forces, vibrations or motions. Dr Musashi Nakajima is a researcher based in the Department of Interactive Media at the Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan, whose research surrounds the phenomenon of pseudo-haptics. Nakajima and his team are exploring how this
can be used to enrich VR experiences, with a particular focus on auditory stimulation. The idea is that the VR experience can be enriched without the need to attach external devices to the body.
Battery-less biosensing platform
Authors: Kanaya Haruichi
Published: January 2020

As fossil fuel levels are exhausted, building a more sustainable world is an issue that is coming to the fore as a crucial consideration in the development of new technology. The energy needs of the planet's population are immense, and an environmentally friendly source of energy is
desperately needed. Energy harvesting from renewable sources is not a new concept - windmills have been around since the first century - but the desire to harness renewable energy has intensified. Energy harvesting technology is the term given to technology used for collecting unused energy
from the surrounding environment and converting it into electrical power. Solar, wind and hydroelectric power are perhaps the best-known of these technologies. However, there are many other forms of energy that are under developed and hold much potential for powering the future. These include
vibration, pressure, heat and temperature difference. While large-scale power generation cannot be realised using these sources due to their low levels, devices with low power demands may be able to harness such energy sources, potentially eliminating the need for an external power source.
Dr Haruichi Kanaya at Kyushu University is leading a team investigating wireless technology.
A Web-Based Intervention for Youth With Physical Disabilities: Comparing the Role of Mentors in 12- and 4-Week Formats
Authors: Lindsay Sally , Cagliostro Elaine
Published: January 2020

Background

Youths with physical disabilities face many barriers in society, including social exclusion, stigma, and difficulties finding employment. Electronic mentoring (e-mentoring) offers a promising opportunity for youths with disabilities and has the potential to improve their inclusion while enhancing career outcomes. However, little is known about the role of mentors in a Web-based e-mentoring format to improve employment outcomes.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the role of mentors in engaging youths in an e-mentoring intervention and to compare and contrast mentors’ engagement strategies within a 12- and 4-week format.

Methods

This paper drew on a pilot feasibility study, which is a group, Web-based employment readiness intervention involving a discussion forum for youths with physical disabilities. Our intervention involved having trained youth mentors (ie, near-peers who also had a disability) lead Web-based discussion forums while offering peer support and resources, which involved 12 modules completed over both a 12- or 4-week format. We used a mixed method approach including qualitative data (mentor interviews and discussion forum data) and quantitative data (pre-post survey data) comparison.

Results

A total of 24 youths participated across 3 e-mentoring intervention groups: 9 in the 12-week format (mean age 17.7 years [SD 1.7]) and 15 in the 4-week format (mean age 19.5 years [SD 2.6]), led by 3 trained youth mentors with disabilities, 2 males and 1 female (mean age 22 years [SD 2.64]). Our findings revealed that mentors engaged youths in the e-mentoring program by providing informational, emotional, and tangible support. We noted more instances of mentors providing advice, empathy, and encouragement in the 12-week format compared with the 4-week format. We also found fewer examples of providing advice, developing a rapport, and social support from mentors in the 4-week format. Our findings revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding time spent in the forum, number of logins, number of posts, and self-rated engagement.

Conclusions

Mentors in the 12-week and 4-week format engaged participants differently in providing informational and emotional support, although there were no differences in tangible support provided. Mentors reported that the 12-week format was too long and lacked interaction between participants, whereas the 4-week format felt rushed and had fewer detailed responses from mentees.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/resprot.8034
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF VAT SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING EU COUNTRIES: ESTIMATING THE DETERMINANTS OF THE RATIO C-EFFICIENCY IN THE PERIOD 1997-2017
Authors: Đorđević Marina , Đurović Todorović Jadranka , Ristić Milica
Published: January 2020

Indirect taxes have a significant place in developing EU countries’ tax systems. The article sums up scholars of different scientists, dealing with the impact of VAT efficiency determinants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. The study relies on relevant data in transparent international statistical databases, covering the period from 1997 to 2017. The main research question in this paper is: does rise in value added tax rate negatively affect VAT collection efficiency in the EU developing countries. Accordingly, one of the independent variables included in the survey is standard annual VAT rate. In addition to standard VAT rate, as a determinant of VAT collection efficiency, we analyze: economic growth rate, export of goods, export of services, wages and salaries, household consumption. The hypotheses set are analyzed using correlation and regression analyses. Empirical results show a positive effect of economic growth rate, export of goods, and the negative effect of two variables: standard VAT rate and household consumption. The two observed variables, export of services and wages and salaries, do not show a statistically significant effect. The results obtained using appropriate statistical tools serve as guidelines to macroeconomic policy makers to generate higher tax revenues from VAT. By analyzing the C-efficiency determinant, we design a relevant development strategy approach for economically underdeveloped EU countries.