bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: (5RS,7RS)‐7‐METHOXY‐1,3‐DIOXACYCLOOCT‐5(E)‐ENE. SYNTHESIS OF A STABLE BISHETERO‐TRANS‐CYCLOOCTENE, A NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM
Authors: JENDRALLA H.
Published: April 2016

Die Desaminierung des Nitrosoharnstoffs (IV) mit NaHCO3 ergibt neben dem Ester (V) die Titelverbindung (VI), die sich in Gegenwart von I2 in das Dioxaocten (VII) umlagert und von der das Addukt (VIII) hergestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES OF FLUOROPHOSPHINES. 10. MONONUCLEAR AND BINUCLEAR CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND TUNGSTEN CARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF (ALKYLAMINO)BIS(DIFLUOROPHOSPHINES)
Authors: KING R. B. , LEE T. W.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen der entsprechenden Norbomadienmetalltetracarbonyle mit den Titelliganden ergeben in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen die Chelate (I) oder die Komplexe (II) bzw. (III) mit einzähnig gebundenen Liganden.
ChemInform Abstract: (FE3S(S2C10H12)3)2‐: THE FIRST SYNTHETIC TRINUCLEAR IRON‐SULFUR CLUSTER COMPOUND
Authors: HENKEL G. , TREMEL W. , KREBS B.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird durch Reaktion von 1,2‐Bis‐[mercaptomethyl]‐ 4,5‐dimethylbenzol und Na‐Methanolat mit FeCl3 und p‐Thiokresol in wasserfreiem Methanol bei anschließender F ällung mit Et4NCl erhalten (keine Ausb.‐Angabe).
ChemInform Abstract: STABILIZATION OF THE TERVALENT NICKEL COMPLEX WITH MESO‐5,7,7,12,14,14‐HEXAMETHYL‐1,4,8,11‐TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECANE BY AXIAL COORDINATION OF ANIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: ZEIGERSON E. , BAR I. , BERNSTEIN J. , KIRSCHENBAUM L. J. , MEYERSTEIN D.
Published: April 2016

Die elektrochemische Oxidation des Komplexes (I) in wäßriger Lösung in Gegenwart der aufgezeigten Anionen führt zu den Ni(III)‐Derivaten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANS ISOMERS OF RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES CONTAINING TWO BIPYRIDINE LIGANDS
Authors: WALSH J. L. , DURHAM B.
Published: April 2016

Zur Darstellung der trans‐Komplexe (I) werden drei verschiedene Reaktionen aufgezeigt Den allgemeingültigen und wirkungsvollsten Weg stellt die thermische Substitutionsreaktion der trans‐Diaquo‐Derivate dar.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC HYDROSILIYLATION OF KETONES, CATALYZED BY RHODIUM COMPLEXES CONTAINING CHIRAL CHELATE LIGANDS. CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTA‐2,5‐DIENE)((S)‐N,N‐DIMETHYL‐1‐(O‐(DIPHENYLARSINO)PHENYL)ETHYLAMINE)RHODIUM(I) PERCHLORATE
Authors: PAYNE N. C. , STEPHAN D. W.
Published: April 2016

Die beiden chiralen zweizähnigen Liganden (II) werden wie aufgezeigt in guten Ausb. ,ausgehend von (R)‐ und (S)‐(I),dargestellt und 1H‐ und 31P‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYAMIDE‐CATALYZED DIMERIZATION OF 2,5‐DIHYDROXYBENZOQUINONES TO 4‐YLIDENETETRONIC ACIDS, A MODEL FOR BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE 4,4‐BOVILACTONE
Authors: JAEGERS E. + , STEGLICH W.
Published: April 2016

Das Dihydroxybenzochinon (Ia) geht beim Behandeln mit acetyliertem Polyamid‐6 in siedendem Essigester in das Dilacton (IIa) über.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF THE COCCOIDEA. VIII. SYNTHESIS OF THE ANCIENT DYE KERMESIC ACID AND OF RELATED ANTHRAQUINONES
Authors: CAMERON D. W. , DEUTSCHER D. J. , FEUTRILL G. I. , GRIFFITHS P. G.
Published: April 2016

Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion des Dichlorbenzochinons (I) mit Z/E‐Gemischen der Diene (IIa) bzw. (IIb) liefert die Naphthochinone (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) + (IIIc); die Ausb. an (IIIb) läßt sich durch Methylierung von (IIIc) optimieren.
ChemInform Abstract: DITERPENOID SWEETENERS. SYNTHESIS AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF STEVIOSIDE ANALOGS NONDEGRADABLE TO STEVIOL
Authors: DUBOIS G. E. , DIETRICH P. S. , LEE J. F. , MCGARRAUGH G. V. , STEPHENSON R. A.
Published: April 2016

Durch Alkylierung von Steviolbiosid (Ia) mit 1,3‐Propansulton in Gegenwart von Kaliumcarbonat bei 25°C und anschließendem Ionenaustausch erhält man den Carbonsäureester (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM A RED ALGA (LAURENCIA INTRICATA): SESQUITERPENE ALCOHOLS
Authors: HORSLEY S. B. , CARDELLINA J. H. II , MEINWALD J.
Published: April 2016

Die Isolierung der Sesquiterpen‐alkohole (I)‐(IV) aus der im Titel genannten Algenart wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF OXYGENATED MORPHINANS. II. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 4‐METHOXYMORPHINAN‐6‐ONES WITH NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST SIDE‐CHAINS ON NITROGEN
Authors: SCHMIDHAMMER H. , JACOBSON A. E. , ATWELL L. , BROSSI A.
Published: April 2016

Das in mehreren Stufen aus Morphin zugängliche Keton (I) ergibt über den Enolether (II) den Phenolether (III), der zur Verbindung (IVa) N‐methyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ALTERNATIVE SYNTHESES OF (.+‐.)‐EPI‐ AND (.+‐.)‐DESETHYLIBOGAMINE USING A DIELS‐ALDER REACTION OF 1‐BENZYL‐2(1H)‐PYRIDONE
Authors: TOMISAWA H. , HONGO H. , KATO H. , SATO K. , FUJITA R.
Published: April 2016

Durch Diels‐Alder Reaktion des Benzylpyridons (I) mit dem Acrylsäureester (II) erhält man ein Gemisch der Cycloaddukte (III) und (IV), von denen (IIIa) und (IVa) in die Iodlactone (V) und (VI) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: CLEAVAGE OF DOUBLE HELICAL DNA BY METHIDIUM‐PROPYL‐EDTA‐IRON(II)
Authors: HERTZBERG R. P. , DERVAN P. B.
Published: April 2016

Der Acyl‐ imidazolester der Säure (Ia) bildet mit 1,3‐Diamino‐propan in DMSO das Amin (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF ALLYLIC ACETATES CATALYZED BY PALLADIUM(II): AN ENANTIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF A KEY INTERMEDIATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF 12‐HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDINS
Authors: GRIECO P. A. , TUTHILL P. A. , SHAM H. L.
Published: April 2016

Das Acetat (Ib) des bekannten Carbinols (Ia) läßt sich mit Pd‐Katalysatoren stereospezifisch in das Acetat (II) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: FOCUS ON SYNTHESIS. ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: HOPPE D.
Published: April 2016

Review: Kurze Übersicht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHYSICAL MICROANALYSIS OF SOLIDS ‐ GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE, NEW DEVELOPMENTS, AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: GRASSERBAUER M.
Published: April 2016

Review: Physikalische Mikroanalyse von Festkörpern ‐ allgemeine Bedeutung, neuere Entwicklungen und Limitierungen.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomorphous Substitution of Rare‐Earth Elements in Lacunary Apatite Pb8Na2(PO4)6.
Authors: Get'man Evgeni I. , Loboda Stanislav N. , Ignatov Alexey V. , Prisedsky Vadim V. , Abdul Jabar Mohammed A. B. , Ardanova Lyudmyla I.
Published: April 2016

Pb8‐xLnxNa2(PO4)6 (x = 0—2.0; Ln: Y, La, Pr—Ho, Tm—Yb) with void structural channels are prepared by solid state reaction of PbO, Na2CO3, (NH4)2HPO4, and Ln oxides (Al2O3 crucible, 800 °C, 2—10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Xanthate Route to Amines, Anilines, and Other Nitrogen Compounds. A Brief Account
Authors: Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: April 2016

Review: [58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Cinacalcet: An Enantiopure Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
Authors: Barniol‐Xicota Marta , Leiva Rosana , Escolano Carmen , Vazquez Santiago
Published: April 2016

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Aunkor M. T. H. , Mahbubul I. M. , Saidur R. , Metselaar H. S. C.
Published: April 2016

Review: 223 refs.
A Sensor‐Controlled Flow Apparatus for Fast Online Titrations
Authors: Fais Markus , Schwarz Christina , Leinweber Felix C.
Published: April 2016

A process‐suitable titration apparatus was developed for fast online titrations. It consists of computer‐controlled gradient pumps, a sample dilution setup, mixing devices and a microfabricated flow cell with potentiometric sensor. The flow control of the pumps is done via the electrode response signal and a control program applying the feedback algorithm. The apparatus allows the conduction of titration experiments in time cycles of 30 – 50 s in a continuously flowing sample stream. It is about ten times faster than classical batch titrations while accuracy and precision remain of similar magnitude. The long‐term stability and the applicability to process control are shown in field tests. The presented increase of speed, decrease of size and explosion proof make titrations suitable as online technique in the process industry.
A Facile Method for Preparing Temperature‐Responsive Cell Culture Surfaces by Using a Thioxanthone Photoinitiator Immobilized on a Polystyrene Surface
Authors: Fukumori Kazuhiro , Akiyama Yoshikatsu , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo
Published: April 2016

We developed a new facile method for the preparation of temperature‐responsive cell culture surfaces (TRCS) by photo‐polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide using a surface‐immobilized photoinitiator. In the first step, thioxanthone groups, which served as the photoinitiator, were directly formed on polystyrene culture dish surfaces (TX‐PSt). Second, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) was grafted onto the TX‐PSt surfaces (PIPAAm‐TX‐PSt) by using the visible light or light‐emitting diode irradiation‐induced surface‐initiated polymerization method. By optimizing the amount of grafted PIPAAm, the resulting PIPAAm‐TX‐PSt successfully exhibited characteristics of a TRCS. In addition, a striped micropatterned polyacrylamide area was successively formed on the photoirradiated PIPAAm‐TX‐PSt surface by using a chromium photomask. These results show that temperature‐responsive cell culture surfaces can be prepared through this new method.
Sustainable Process for the Preparation of High‐Performance Thin‐Film Composite Membranes using Ionic Liquids as the Reaction Medium
Authors: Mariën Hanne , Bellings Lotte , Hermans Sanne , Vankelecom Ivo F. J.
Published: April 2016

A new form of interfacial polymerization to synthesize thin‐film composite membranes realizes a more sustainable membrane preparation and improved nanofiltration performance. By introducing an ionic liquid (IL) as the organic reaction phase, the extremely different physicochemical properties to those of commonly used organic solvents influenced the top‐layer formation in several beneficial ways. In addition to the elimination of hazardous solvents in the preparation, the m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) concentration could be reduced 20‐fold, and the use of surfactants and catalysts became redundant. Together with the more complete recycling of the organic phase in the water/IL system, these factors resulted in a 50 % decrease in the mass intensity of the top‐layer formation. Moreover, a much thinner top layer with a high ethanol permeance of 0.61 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 [99 % Rose Bengal (RB, 1017 Da) retention; 1 bar=0.1 MPa] was formed without the use of any additives. This EtOH permeance is 555 and 161 % higher than that for the conventional interfacial polymerization (without and with additives, respectively). In reverse osmosis, high NaCl retentions of 97 % could be obtained. Finally, the remarkable decrease in the membrane surface roughness indicates the potential for reduced fouling with this new type of membrane.
Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Plasma to Megabars
Authors: Gryaznov V. K. , Iosilevskiy I. L.
Published: April 2016

The approach based on the chemical picture of plasma taking into account effects of Coulomb interaction, short range repulsion of atoms and molecules, free electron degeneracy for description of equilibrium composition and thermodynamic functions of non‐ideal plasma is proposed. The results of calculations of thermodynamic parameters using the models based upon this approach are presented. The parameters of thermal and caloric equation of state for hydrogen plasma were calculated from moderate to high densities in wide range of temperatures. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive genetic variation distinguishes Chilean blue mussels (Mytilus chilensis) from different marine environments
Authors: Araneda Cristián , Larraín María Angélica , Hecht Benjamin , Narum Shawn
Published: April 2016

Chilean mussel populations have been thought to be panmictic with limited genetic structure. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing approaches have enabled investigation of genomewide variation that may better distinguish populations that have evolved in different environments. We investigated neutral and adaptive genetic variation in Mytilus from six locations in southern Chile with 1240 SNPs obtained with RAD‐seq. Differentiation among locations with 891 neutral SNPs was low (FST = 0.005). Higher differentiation was obtained with a panel of 58 putative outlier SNPs (FST = 0.114) indicating the potential for local adaptation. This panel identified clusters of genetically related individuals and demonstrated that much of the differentiation (~92%) could be attributed to the three major regions and environments: extreme conditions in Patagonia, inner bay influenced by aquaculture (Reloncaví), and outer bay (Chiloé Island). Patagonia samples were most distinct, but additional analysis carried out excluding this collection also revealed adaptive divergence between inner and outer bay samples. The four locations within Reloncaví area were most similar with all panels of markers, likely due to similar environments, high gene flow by aquaculture practices, and low geographical distance. Our results and the SNP markers developed will be a powerful tool supporting management and programs of this harvested species.
Temperature and population density: interactional effects of environmental factors on phenotypic plasticity, immune defenses, and disease resistance in an insect pest
Authors: Silva Farley W. S. , Elliot Simon L.
Published: April 2016

Temperature and crowding are key environmental factors mediating the transmission and epizooty of infectious disease in ectotherm animals. The host physiology may be altered in a temperature‐dependent manner and thus affects the pathogen development and course of diseases within an individual and host population, or the transmission rates (or infectivity) of pathogens shift linearly with the host population density. To our understanding, the knowledge of interactive and synergistic effects of temperature and population density on the host–pathogen system is limited. Here, we tested the interactional effects of these environmental factors on phenotypic plasticity, immune defenses, and disease resistance in the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis. Upon egg hatching, caterpillars were reared in thermostat‐controlled chambers in a 2 × 4 factorial design: density (1 or 8 caterpillars/pot) and temperature (20, 24, 28, or 32°C). Of the immune defenses assessed, encapsulation response was directly affected by none of the environmental factors; capsule melanization increased with temperature in both lone‐ and group‐reared caterpillars, although the lone‐reared ones presented the most evident response, and hemocyte numbers decreased with temperature regardless of the population density. Temperature, but not population density, affected considerably the time from inoculation to death of velvetbean caterpillar. Thus, velvetbean caterpillars succumbed to Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) more quickly at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. As hypothesized, temperature likely affected caterpillars' movement rates, and thus the contact between conspecifics, which in turn affected the phenotypic expression of group‐reared caterpillars. Our results suggest that environmental factors, mainly temperature, strongly affect both the course of disease in velvetbean caterpillar population and its defenses against pathogens. As a soybean pest, velvetbean caterpillar may increase its damage on soybean fields under a scenario of global warming as caterpillars may reach the developmental resistance faster, and thus decrease their susceptibility to biological control by AgMNPV.
In vivo engineering of mobilized stem cell grafts with the immunomodulatory drug FTY720 for allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Heuts Frank , Muvva S. S. V. Jagadeeswara Rao , Wallin Robert P. A. , Persson Anna‐Karin , Fauriat Cyril , Applequist Steven E. , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf , Höglund Petter , Kärre Klas , Svensson Mattias , Juarez Julius G.
Published: April 2016

The immunological attributes of stem cell grafts play an important role in the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplants. Currently, ex vivo manipulation techniques such as bulk T‐cell depletion or positive selection of CD34+ cells are utilized to improve the immunological attributes of grafts and minimize the potential for graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). Here, we demonstrate a novel graft engineering technique, which utilizes the immunomodulatory drug FTY720 for in vivo depletion of naïve T (TN) cells from donor G‐CSF‐mobilized grafts without ex vivo manipulation. We show that treatment of donor mice with FTY720 during mobilization depletes grafts of TN cells and prevents lethal GvHD following transplantation in a major mismatch setting. Importantly, both stem cells and NK cells are retained in the FTY720‐treated grafts. FTY720 treatment does not negatively affect the engraftment potential of stem cells as demonstrated in our congenic transplants or the functionality of NK cells. In addition, potentially useful memory T cells may be retained in the graft. These findings suggest that FTY720 may be used to optimize the immunological attributes of G‐CSF‐mobilized grafts by removing potentially deleterious TN cells which can contribute to GvHD, and by retaining useful cells which can promote immunity in the recipient.
Rapid Synthesis of a Functional Resin‐Supported Scorpionate and Its Copper(I, II), Rhodium(I), and Chromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Desrochers Patrick J. , Pearce Adam J. , Rogers T. Ryan , Rodman Jeremy S.
Published: April 2016

Boron‐scorpionates are readily prepared by microwave (MW) assisted methods. Such a method is described here, leading to the rapid preparation of a heterogeneous resin‐supported scorpionate as its sodium salt, BdPhTpNa [BdPhTp = phenyltris(1‐pyrazolyl)borate covalently bound through the phenyl ring to commercial cross‐linked polystyrene resin beads]. Formation of a functional heterogeneous scorpionate was confirmed from the subsequent reactions of several metal complexes. This supported ligand system coordinates a variety of transition metal ions including copper(I and II), chromium(III) and rhodium(I). Chromium(III) provided definitive electronic spectral evidence for supported–TpCrIII coordination spheres, including reversible ligand‐substitution reactions. The copper(I) case exhibited typical scorpionate CuI reactivity including spectroscopically characterized (IR and 31P NMR) complexes with CO, PPh3, and HCCH. Copper(II) provided EPR evidence for heterogeneous scorpionates. The supported rhodium(I) complex was demonstrated to be a recyclable heterogeneous rhodium–scorpionate catalyst. These results all support the conclusion that the immobilized chelate forms coordinatively unsaturated half‐sandwich metal complexes (LMn+) capable of efficient ligand‐substitution reactions or catalytic activity.
Coordination Chemistry of an Unsymmetrical Naphthyridine‐Based Tetradentate Ligand toward Various Transition‐Metal Ions
Authors: Tsai Bing‐Chen , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung
Published: April 2016

An unsymmetrical ligand, 2‐(2‐pyridinyl)‐7‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine (L5) was prepared for the construction of a series of dinuclear complexes. Treatment of L5 with [Ru2(µ‐OAc)4Cl] followed by anion metathesis afforded [(L5)(µ‐OAc)3Ru2](PF6) (3). Reaction of L5 with 2 equiv. of Ni(OAc)2 provided [Ni4(L5)2(µ‐OH)4(CF3COO)2](CF3COO)2 (5). Reaction of [Re2(CO)8(CH3CN)2] with L5 in a refluxing chlorobenzene solution gave a mixture of dirhenium (6) and monorhenium (7) complexes. The monocobalt complex 8 was obtained from complexation of L5 with CoCl2. These new complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The structures of complexes 3, 5 and 8 were further confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Nickel complex 5 was evaluated as a catalyst for reduction reactions involving the conversion of ester functionalities into their corresponding alcohols.
Polar Liquid Crystals Derived from Sulfonium Zwitterions of the [closo‐1‐CB11H12]– Anion
Authors: Pecyna Jacek , Żurawiński Remigiusz , Kaszyński Piotr , Pociecha Damian , Zagórski Piotr , Pakhomov Serhii
Published: April 2016

A series of substituted 12‐sulfonium zwitterions 1[n] and one example of a 1‐sulfonium analogue 2[5]a were prepared in four steps. Derivatives 1[n] exhibit rich crystalline polymorphism and a high‐temperature SmBcry phase stabilized by dipolar interactions. Solution studies in a nematic host demonstrated positive dielectric anisotropy of compounds 1[5]a–1[5]c (Δε ≈ +18 extrapolated from 8 mol‐% solutions) resulting from a longitudinal electric dipole moment of ca. 9.5 D. The effectiveness of additives 1[5] was analyzed by using the Maier–Meier formalism and DFT methods and compared to those of more polar derivatives 3[6]a and Pyr[10].
Selective Formation of cis‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐PtII‐Pnictogen Complexes and in vitro Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activities toward Cancer Cells
Authors: Bouché Mathilde , Dahm Georges , Maisse‐François Aline , Achard Thierry , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: April 2016

A series of heterotopic platinum complexes combining N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and pnictogen‐based ligands [Pn = P(nBu)3, PPh3, AsPh3 and SbPh3] has been synthesized and fully characterized. Use of an excess of Pn ligand led to the formation of cationic bis‐Pn platinum‐NHC complexes in high yield, with both Pn ligands being arranged trans to each other. Several representative complexes could be characterized by X‐ray crystallographic studies thus confirming the ligand arrangement around the metal. This simple approach allows the generation of diversity in metallodrug candidates. Biological activities on various human cancer cells have been studied and compared with those of cisplatin. The results confirmed the high cytotoxicity of these NHC‐platinum complexes bearing pnictogen ligands.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Dendrimeric Nanocellulose Hybrids
Authors: Herreros‐López Ana , Hadad Caroline , Yate Luis , Alshatwi Ali A. , Vicentini Nicola , Carofiglio Tommaso , Prato Maurizio
Published: April 2016

Thanks to their unique properties, such as (i) renewability, (ii) high aspect ratios, (iii) low density, (iv) biodegradability, (v) high strength, and (vi) stiffness, there have been many reports in recent years detailing the isolation and functionalization of cellulose nanowhiskers from cellulose. Moreover, nanocellulose can be produced in large quantities in a cost‐effective manner and can be easily functionalized due to its high density of hydroxy groups. In the present work, alkynyl‐dendrons of the PAMAM family were covalently attached to azide‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals by click chemistry (Huisgen cycloaddition). The resulting cycloadducts were then used as templates for the preparation of stable and monodispersed gold nanoparticles in aqueous media. The catalytic capabilities of these hybrid materials were studied in the sodium borohydride mediated reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol, which served as a model reaction.
Catalytic Efficiency of Primary β‐Amino Alcohols and Their Derivatives in Organocatalysis
Authors: Reddy Ummareddy Venkata Subba , Chennapuram Madhu , Seki Chigusa , Kwon Eunsang , Okuyama Yuko , Nakano Hiroto
Published: April 2016

Chiral primary β‐amino alcohols, constuting adjacently positioned Brønsted base and Brønsted acid sites, are emerging as very valuable bifunctional organocatalysts in a wide array of asymmetric organic transformations. Primary β‐amino alcohols represent inexpensive alternatives to other primary amino organocatalysts such as chiral diamines and cinchona‐alkaloid‐derived primary amines, being easy to synthesize and air‐stable and offering the potential for introduction of different functional groups and also for alteration of steric sites. Here we reveal the catalytic use of simple primary β‐amino alcohols and their derivatives as organocatalysts in Diels–Alder cycloaddition, aldol condensation, Michael addition, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, cascade cyclization, allylation of isatins, Friedel–Crafts alkylation and epoxidation of olefins.
A Weinreb Amide Based Building Block for Convenient Access to β,β‐Diarylacroleins: Synthesis of 3‐Arylindanones
Authors: Tiwari Praveen Kumar , Aidhen Indrapal Singh
Published: April 2016

Towards the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical β,β‐diarylacroleins for assembling diarylmethine fragments present in biologically important molecules, we have developed a new Weinreb amide (WA) based building block, derived from propiolic acid. The WA functionality present in this compound allowed the sequential addition of various arylmagnesium bromide reagents in a controlled manner. The developed methodology for the access to β,β‐diarylacroleins has been utilised for the synthesis of biologically important 3‐arylindanone molecules.
On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power
Authors: Sarrion Beatriz , Valverde Jose Manuel , Perejon Antonio , Perez‐Maqueda Luis , Sanchez‐Jimenez Pedro E.
Published: April 2016

Cheap, efficient, and non‐toxic energy storage technologies are urgently needed to handle the rapidly increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energies into the grid. This work explores the use of limestone and dolomite for energy storage in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants by means of the calcium looping (CaL) process based on the multicycle carbonation/calcination of CaO. An efficient integration of the CaL process into CSP plants involves high temperature carbonation and calcination at moderate temperatures in a close CO2 cycle for power generation. These conditions differ from those of the CaL process for CO2 capture, which lead to CaO deactivation as extensively reported in recent years. In contrast, we show that limestone‐ and dolomite‐derived CaO give rise to a high residual conversion at CaL–CSP conditions and in short residence times, which would facilitate the development of a competitive and clean CSP technology with permanent energy storage.
Superposition network coded cooperation for wireless networks
Authors: Fazeli Ali , Omidi Mohammad Javad , Saeedi‐Sourck Hamid , Ardakani Masoud
Published: April 2016

Cooperative diversity is an innovative approach to improve the reliability of communication. Although this technique is considered in the next‐generation mobile communication standards, it has its own challenges in practice. For example, in simultaneous transmission‐based cooperative protocols, perfect synchronisation of nodes is very hard to realise. The traditional time division multiple access method can simplify the synchronisation problems but leads to long transmission delays. In this paper, a low‐delay cooperative strategy is proposed for a network with multiple sources and a single destination, which requires only a simple type of synchronisation. In this technique, we use a combination of superposition coding and network coding; hence the name superposition network coded cooperation. For this strategy, good bounds are obtained for the probability of correct detection for general M‐PSK and M‐QAM modulation and are compared with simulation results. The results demonstrate improvement in error performance compared with other transmission schemes requiring the same transmission time as superposition network coded cooperation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ–Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Cathodes on Coated and Uncoated Porous Metal Supports
Authors: Harris J. , Yan Y. , Bateni R. , Kesler O.
Published: April 2016

The degradation of composite LSCF‐SDC cathodes on porous 430 stainless steel supports was investigated. Two degradation mechanisms were observed: a multi‐layer oxide scale, believed to consist of Cr2O3 and SrCrO4, formed at the support‐cathode interface, and small amounts of chromium were detected within the cathodes. To reduce degradation, La2O3 and Y2O3 reactive element oxide coatings were deposited on the internal pore surfaces of the metal supports. The reactive element oxide coatings reduced the amount of volatile chromium that deposited in the cathodes. As a result, the degradation rates of the cathodes on coated supports were significantly lower than the degradation rates of cathodes made on uncoated metal supports. In cathode symmetrical cells, polarization resistance degradation rates as low as 2.56 × 10−6 Ω cm2 h−1 were observed over 100 hours on coated metal supports, compared to an average of 1.23 × 10−4 Ω cm2 h−1 on uncoated supports.
Patient‐derived mouse xenografts from pediatric liver cancer predict tumor recurrence and advise clinical management
Authors: Nicolle Delphine , Fabre Monique , Simon‐Coma Marina , Gorse Aurore , Kappler Roland , Nonell Lara , Mallo Mar , Haidar Hazar , Déas Olivier , Mussini Charlotte , Guettier Catherine , Redon Marie‐José , Brugières Laurence , Ghigna Maria Rosa , Fadel Elie , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Chardot Christophe , Judde Jean‐Gabriel , Armengol Carolina , Branchereau Sophie , Cairo Stefano
Published: April 2016

Identification of new treatments for relapsing pediatric cancer is an unmet clinical need and a societal challenge. Liver cancer occurrence in infancy, 1.5 for million children per year, falls far below the threshold of interest for dedicated drug development programs, and this disease is so rare that it is very difficult to gather enough children into a phase II clinical trial. Here, we present the establishment of an unprecedented preclinical platform of 24 pediatric liver cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PLC‐PDXs) from 20 hepatoblastomas (HBs), 1 transitional liver cell tumor (TCLT), 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 malignant rhabdoid tumors. Cytogenetic array and mutational analysis of the parental tumors and the corresponding PLC‐PDXs show high conservation of the molecular features of the parental tumors. The histology of PLC‐PDXs is strikingly similar to that observed in primary tumors and recapitulates the heterogeneity of recurrent disease observed in the clinic. Tumor growth in the mouse is strongly associated with elevated circulating alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), low rate of necrosis/fibrosis after treatment, and gain of chromosome 20, all indicators of resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcome. Accordingly, the ability of a tumor to generate PLC‐PDX is predictive of poor prognosis. Exposure of PLC‐PDXs to standards of care or therapeutic options already in use for other pediatric malignancies revealed unique response profiles in these models. Among these, the irinotecan/temozolomide combination induced strong tumor regression in the TCLT and in a model derived from an AFP‐negative relapsing HB. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that PLC‐PDX preclinical platform can strongly contribute to accelerate the identification and diversification of anticancer treatment for aggressive subtypes of pediatric liver cancer. (Hepatology 2016;64:1121‐1135)
Growing tumors induce a local STING dependent Type I IFN response in dendritic cells
Authors: Andzinski Lisa , Spanier Julia , Kasnitz Nadine , Kröger Andrea , Jin Lei , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Kalinke Ulrich , Weiss Siegfried , Jablonska Jadwiga , Lienenklaus Stefan
Published: April 2016

The importance of endogenous Type I IFNs in cancer immune surveillance is well established by now. Their role in polarization of tumor‐associated neutrophilic granulocytes into anti‐tumor effector cells has been recently demonstrated. Yet, the cellular source of Type I IFNs as well as the mode of induction is not clearly defined. Here, we demonstrate that IFN‐β is induced by growing murine tumors. Induction is mainly mediated via STING‐dependent signaling pathways, suggesting tumor derived DNA as trigger. Transcription factors IRF3 and IRF5 were activated under these conditions which is consistent with tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) being the major cellular source of IFN‐β at the tumor site. Besides DCs, tumor cells themselves are induced to contribute to the production of IFN‐β. Taken together, our data provide further information on immune surveillance by Type I IFNs and suggest novel potent cellular targets for future cancer therapy.
Confocal fluorescence microscopy to evaluate changes in adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment associated with invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Dobbs Jessica L. , Shin Dongsuk , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Kuerer Henry , Yang Wei , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca
Published: April 2016

Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ that provides endocrine, inflammatory and angiogenic factors, which can assist breast carcinoma cells with invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that adipocytes adjacent to carcinoma, known as cancer‐associated adipocytes, undergo extensive changes that correspond to an “activated phenotype,” such as reduced size relative to adipocytes in non‐neoplastic breast tissue. Optical imaging provides a tool that can be used to characterize adipocyte morphology and other features of the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we used confocal fluorescence microscopy to acquire images of freshly excised breast tissue stained topically with proflavine. We developed a computerized algorithm to identify and quantitatively measure phenotypic properties of adipocytes located adjacent to and far from normal collagen, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Adipocytes were measured in confocal fluorescence images of fresh breast tissue collected from 22 patients. Results show that adipocytes adjacent to neoplastic tissue margins have significantly smaller area compared to adipocytes far from the margins of neoplastic lesions and compared to adipocytes adjacent to non‐neoplastic collagenous stroma. These findings suggest that confocal microscopic images can be utilized to evaluate phenotypic properties of adipocytes in breast stroma which may be useful in defining alterations in microenvironment that may aid in the development and progression of neoplastic lesions.
A biological study establishing the endotoxin limit of biomaterials for bone regeneration in cranial and femoral implantation of rats
Authors: Haishima Yuji , Hasegawa Chie , Todoki Kazuo , Sasaki Kazuo , Niimi Shingo , Ozono Satoru
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to accurately quantify the risk of endotoxin contamination in biomaterials for bone regeneration in order to establish the acceptable endotoxin limit. Collagen sheets containing varying amounts of purified endotoxin from Escherichia coli and dried, heat‐killed E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus cells were implanted into cranial or femoral defects in rats. These defects were artificially prepared to a size of 5 × 5 mm or a diameter of 1 mm, respectively. The degree of osteoanagenesis was assessed by soft X‐ray radiography and histopathology at 1 and 4 weeks after implantation. The collagen sheet containing the dried E. coli cells showed a dose‐dependent delay in cranial and/or femoral osteoanagenesis at endotoxin activities of more than 33.6 EU/mg, at which no inflammatory response was observed. In contrast, no such observation occurred with the collagen sheet containing S. aureus cells. These results suggest that endotoxins may affect the process of osteoanagenesis. Additionally, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level was 9.6 EU/mg, corresponding to 255 EU/kg body weight in rats. Interestingly, no delay in osteoanagenesis was induced by the implantation of collagen sheets containing purified endotoxin at any dose tested. This suggested that pure endotoxin implanted into tissues having poor circulation of bodily fluids without bleeding may not be recognized as a foreign substance and may not induce a significant biological response. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1514–1524, 2017.
Protein environmental effects on iron‐sulfur clusters: A set of rules for constructing computational models for inner and outer coordination spheres
Authors: Harris Travis V. , Szilagyi Robert K.
Published: April 2016

The structural properties and reactivity of iron‐sulfur proteins are greatly affected by interactions between the prosthetic groups and the surrounding amino acid residues. Thus, quantum chemical investigations of the structure and properties of protein‐bound iron‐sulfur clusters can be severely limited by truncation of computational models. The aim of this study was to identify, a priori, significant interactions that must be included in a quantum chemical model. Using the [2Fe‐2S] accessory cluster of the FeFe‐hydrogenase as a demonstrative example with rich electronic structural features, the electrostatic and covalent effects of the surrounding side chains, charged groups, and backbone moieties were systematically mapped through density functional theoretical calculations. Electron affinities, spin density differences, and delocalization indexes from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules were used to evaluate the importance of each interaction. Case studies for hydrogen bonding and charged side‐chain interactions were used to develop selection rules regarding the significance of a given protein environmental effect. A set of general rules is proposed for constructing quantum chemical models for iron‐sulfur active sites that capture all significant interactions from the protein environment. This methodology was applied to our previously used models in galactose oxidase and the 6Fe‐cluster of FeFe‐hydrogenase. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regio‐selective Reduction of Oxysophoridine by Microorganism Isolated from Soil
Authors: Fu Shaobin , Li Yi , Meng Qingfeng , Yue Changwu , Sun Yongzhen , Wei Gang
Published: April 2016

Oxysophoridine (OSR), an alkaloid extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine, attracted more and more attention because of remarkable biological activities. Biocatalysis of OSR by 86 stains including soil microbes and endophytic fungi were investigated. Incubation of OSR with soil bacteria T003 identified as Escherichia coli could lead to only one reductive product with highly regio‐selectivity. The structural elucidations of transformation product were achieved mainly by the NMR spectroscopic methods and references. Effect of pH, substrate concentration, conversion time and strain concentration was studied, the optimization of reaction was analyzed by LC‐MS. The production of sophoridine (SR) from OSR was highest at pH 7.0, 36 h of incubation and in presence of 625 μg/mL substrate concentration, 50 μL/mL strain concentration respectively. Biocatalysis was considered the alternatives to preparation of sophoridine with green and sustainable synthetic processes except for less time‐consuming and more environmentally friendly.
The several elements of intestinal innate immune system at the beginning of the life of broiler chicks
Authors: EREN U. , Kum S. , Nazligul A. , Gules O. , Aka E. , Zorlu S. , Yildiz M.
Published: April 2016

Functional capacity of digestive system and intestinal adaptive immunity are immature at hatching of broiler chicks. Therefore, intestinal innate immunity after hatching is vital to young chicks. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression and tissue distributions of several elements of the innate immune system (i.e., TLR2, TLR4, CD83, and MHC class II expressing cells) in the intestine of one‐day‐old chicks. For this purpose, ileum and cecum were examined the under different conditions, which included the control and 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phosphate buffered saline. The findings indicated that regardless of the antigenic stimulation, Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 expressing cells were present in the intestinal tissues of one‐day‐old chicks. We noticed that the intestinal segments have different TLR expression levels after LPS stimulation. Dendritic cells were identified, and they left the intestinal tissue after LPS treatment. MHC class II molecules were diffusely present in both the ileum and cecum. This study demonstrates that the intestinal tissue of one‐day‐old chicks has remarkable defensive material, including histological properties and several elements of the innate immune system. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:604–614, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A numerical simulation tool for nanoscale ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor
Authors: Abdolkader Tarek M.
Published: April 2016

In this work, a self‐contained numerical simulation tool for nanoscale Ion‐Sensitive Field‐Effect Transistor (ISFET) is developed. The tool is based on merging nanoscale ballistic MOSFET analytical equations with the Gouy–Chapman–Stern model equations of ISFET to form a system of nonlinear equations that can be solved iteratively to yield ISFET output current. The numerical solution is accomplished using Newton–Raphson method with efficient trust‐region‐dogleg algorithm using MATLAB software coding. The tool is used to optimize the sensitivity and linearity of nanoscale ISFETs, and to study their dependence on reference voltage, drain current level, and gate‐insulator thickness. Moreover, a comparison between three types of insulators, SiO2, Si3N4, and Al2O3, has been made. The tool is given the name: NIST (Nanoscale ISFET Simulation Tool). It can be used as a guide for design and optimization of nanoscale ISFETs and can be applied for both single‐gate and double‐gate structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic cerebrovascular dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jullienne Amandine , Obenaus Andre , Ichkova Aleksandra , Savona‐Baron Catherine , Pearce William J. , Badaut Jerome
Published: April 2016

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) often involve vascular dysfunction that leads to long‐term alterations in physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Indeed, all the cells that form blood vessels and that are involved in maintaining their proper function can be altered by TBI. This Review focuses on the different types of cerebrovascular dysfunction that occur after TBI, including cerebral blood flow alterations, autoregulation impairments, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasms, blood–brain barrier disruption, and edema formation. We also discuss the mechanisms that mediate these dysfunctions, focusing on the cellular components of cerebral blood vessels (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, pericytes, perivascular nerves) and their known and potential roles in the secondary injury cascade. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mobile group II intron based gene targeting in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1
Authors: Sasikumar Ponnusamy , Paul Eldho , Gomathi Sivasamy , Abhishek Albert , Sasikumar Sundaresan , Selvam Govindan Sadasivam
Published: April 2016

The usage of recombinant lactic acid bacteria for delivery of therapeutic proteins to the mucosa has been emerging. In the present study, an attempt was made to engineer a thyA mutant of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) using lactococcal group II intron Ll.LtrB for the development of biologically contained recombinant L. plantarum for prevention of calcium oxalate stone disease. The 3 kb Ll.LtrB intron donor cassettes from the source vector pACD4C was PCR amplified, ligated into pSIP series of lactobacillus vector pLp_3050sAmyA, yielding a novel vector pLpACD4C (8.6 kb). The quantitative real‐time PCR experiment shows 94‐fold increased expression of Ll.LtrB intron and 14‐fold increased expression of ltrA gene in recombinant L. plantarum containing pLpACD4C. In order to target the thyA gene, the potential intron RNA binding sites in the thyA gene of L. plantarum was predicted with help of computer algorithm. The insertion location 188|189s of thyA gene (lowest E‐0.134) was chosen and the wild type intron Ll.LtrB was PCR modified, yielding a retargeted intron of pLpACDthyA. The retargeted intron was expressed by using induction peptide (sppIP), subsequently the integration of intron in thyA gene was identified by PCR screening and finally ThyA− mutant of L. plantarum (ThyA18) was detected. In vitro growth curve result showed that in the absence of thymidine, colony forming units of mutant ThyA18 was decreased, whereas high thymidine concentration (10 μM) supported the growth of the culture until saturation. In conclusion, ThyA− mutant of L. plantarum (ThyA18) constructed in this study will be used as a biologically contained recombinant probiotic to deliver oxalate decarboxylase into the lumen for treatment of hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate stone deposition.
Inter‐annual variability of summer monsoon rainfall over Myanmar
Authors: Shrivastava Sourabh , Kar Sarat C. , Sharma Anu Rani
Published: April 2016

Rainfall over Myanmar has large inter‐annual variability causing droughts and floods in many years. In this study, rainfall variability (in monthly scale) over Myanmar during summer monsoon has been examined using observed data. It is found that monthly rainfall in June, July and August months do not have any relation among each other, indicating that monthly rainfall received in Myanmar in these 3 months vary due to different mechanisms. In order to develop an effective drought monitoring and prediction system for the country, such mechanisms of rainfall variability have to be studied. Using composite wind analysis for excess and deficit rainfall years, it is found that deficiency of rainfall occurs when south‐westerly winds at 850 hPa are weaker over the region in June. During excess rainfall years, south‐westerly wind anomalies seen in June turn to stronger and milder westerly winds in July and August, respectively. However, a cyclonic anomaly is seen over North Bay of Bengal adjoining western coast of Myanmar in all the 3 months. It is found that the Myanmar rainfall is correlated positively with the sea surface temperature over central Pacific Ocean. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of monthly and seasonal mean rainfall over the region has been carried out. The leading mode (EOF‐1) shows coherent spatial patterns between the Indian monsoon rainfall over east and central parts of the India and rainfall over the western Pacific. The second leading mode of seasonal rainfall shows a trend in rainfall during the study period.
Recent developments in biochar as an effective tool for agricultural soil management: a review
Authors: Laghari Mahmood , Naidu Ravi , Xiao Bo , Hu Zhiquan , Mirjat Muhammad Saffar , Hu Mian , Kandhro Muhammad Nawaz , Chen Zhihua , Guo Dabin , Jogi Qamardudin , Abudi Zaidun Naji , Fazal Saima
Published: April 2016

In recent years biochar has been demonstrated to be a useful amendment to sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emission from the soil to the atmosphere. Hence it can help to mitigate global environment change. Some studies have shown that biochar addition to agricultural soils increases crop production. The mechanisms involved are: increased soil aeration and water‐holding capacity, enhanced microbial activity and plant nutrient status in soil, and alteration of some important soil chemical properties. This review provides an in‐depth consideration of the production, characterization and agricultural use of different biochars. Biochar is a complex organic material and its characteristics vary with production conditions and the feedstock used. The agronomic benefits of biochar solely depend upon the use of particular types of biochar with proper field application rate under appropriate soil types and conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry