bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE NIŠ COOPERATIVE: 1921‒1947
Authors: ANTIĆ DEJAN D. , BECIĆ IVAN M.
Published: December 2021

Numerous local monetary bureaus owned by shareholders were established in the Kingdom of Serbia in the late nineteenth century. Many of these institutions, such as the Niš Cooperative, not only engaged in banking services but also owned industrial and trade companies. Economic circumstances changed so significantly after World War I that bank managements often were unable to cope with them. The Niš Cooperative was an example of a stable yet not particularly powerful monetary bureau whose reputation depended on the leading members of its Board of Directors. Unlike most other monetary bureaus, the Niš Cooperative continued operating after World War II up until privately-owned monetary bureaus were closed by the socialist Yugoslav government.
FAMILY PATRIMONY AND THE LEGACY OF THE FIRST-BORN SON. SOME EXAMPLES FROM EUROPEAN MONARCHIES IN THE 11th–12th CENTURIES
Authors: KOMATINA IVANA , KOMATINA PREDRAG
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the concept of family patrimony on the example of three medieval monarchies between the mid-11th and late 12th centuries. Though far away from one another, Spain, England and Serbia witnessed almost identical political circumstances when the ruler passed the throne to a younger son, bypassing the first-born son, thereby also directly infringing the right of primogeniture. As a rule, such decision resulted in years-long conflicts among the brothers. However, the common denominator in all three cases is that family patrimony was entrusted to the eldest son regardless of the fact that he was not an heir to the throne, which implies that it was his inalienable right.
Ensino de Ciências: relato de experiência docente em uma turma de 3º do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Almeida Serpa Ivana , Bortoluzzi Baldoni Daiana
Published: December 2021

O Ensino de Ciências Naturais constitui um campo de conhecimento essencial para a formação integral dos educandos matriculados na Educação Básica e, especialmente, nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, em virtude de sua importância para o desenvolvimento da criticidade e da aprendizagem científica voltado à realidade. O presente artigo objetiva compartilhar um relato de experiência de docência em uma turma de 3º dos Anos Iniciais, tendo o Ensino de Ciências como o foco do projeto pedagógico desenvolvido. As vivências são oriundas do estágio supervisionado nesta etapa de ensino, o qual desenvolveu-se em uma Escola de Educação Básica de Alegrete, RS. Com base nas práticas pedagógicas realizadas e no arcabouço teórico e legislativo referenciado neste manuscrito, é possível concluir que a metodologia da Pedagogia de Projetos deve ser encarada como potencial para promover a interdisciplinaridade nos Anos Iniciais e embasar o trabalho desenvolvido pelos docentes formados no viés da Pedagogia Generalista. Assim, a proposta defende que essa metodologia pode construir novos caminhos para que o Ensino de Ciências e demais saberes sejam significativos para ampliar os conhecimentos prévios dos educandos e apontar alternativas diferenciadas de ensino aos docentes.
The Effect of Industrial Heat Treatment on The Wettability and Dimensional Stability of Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) Wood
Authors: Kılınçarslan Şemsettin , Şimşek Türker Yasemin
Published: December 2021

In this study is to examine the effect of industrial heat treatment application on the dimensional stability and dynamic wettability properties of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) wood. Ash samples that were heat treated for 120 minutes at 210 degrees according to the ThermoWood process were used. In this study, a total of 30 samples, including 15 heat treated samples with dimensions of 20x20x30 mm, and 15 unheat treated samples were cut and the dynamic wettability and dimensional stability properties were examined. The results obtained in the study showed that the wettability property of the wood material decreased with the application of heat treatment. It has been determined that the dimensional stability is higher especially in tangential section compared to radial section. It was also found that there is a significant correlation between dynamic wettability property and dimensional stability.
The Evaluation of Posterior Urethrovesical Angle, Urethral Length, Bladder Wall Thickness, and Residual Volume with Transperineal Ultrasonography in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: ÇALLIOĞLU Nihal , DOĞAN Keziban , ARK Cemal , BAGHAKI Sema
Published: December 2021

Objective: In the recent decades, transperineal ultrasonography has been used to examine patients in urogynaecology practice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the function of transperineal ultrasonography in women with urinary incontinence.Methods: Forty-five patients who were admitted to our institution between December 2012 and May 2013 and clinically and urodynamically diagnosed as having urinary incontinence (SUI n=20, DI+UUI n=13, MUI n=12) were included in the study. Additionally, 25 clinically and urodynamically continent women were included as the control group. The patients were evaluated using transperineal ultrasonography (USG) in the supine position during rest and straining. An abdominal probe was placed in the perineum vertically and sagittally; when the symphysis pubis, urethra, bladder, vagina, and rectum could be seen clearly on the monitor, the image was frozen. Posterior urethrovesical angle (PUVA), urethral length, bladder wall thickness, and residual urine volume were measured on the image. All measurements were compared statistically between the SUI, UUI, MUI groups, and control group. The post-void residual volume measured using transperineal ultrasonography was compared with the post-void residual volume measured using a catheter during urodynamics.Results: PUVA was significantly different in the SUI and MUI groups at rest than in the control group (p<0.05). During Valsalva maneuvers, PUVA was statistically significantly different in the SUI and MUI groups than in the UUI and control groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: The measurement of PUVA and bladder wall thickness by transperineal ultrasonography is shown to be useful in diagnosis of patients with suspected detrusor instability and structural defects in pelvic floor. Therefore, transperineal USG may be an easy and reliable method which could be an alternative to urodynamic studies in patients who cannot undergo urethral catheterization.
Evaluation of Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity Concentrations in Tooth Samples
Authors: ÜNAL ERZURUMLU Zerrin , ŞAHİN Arzu , GÜLER Çiğdem , ÖMEZLİ Mehmet Melih , KORKMAZ Mehmet Emin , AĞAR Osman , ÇANKAYA Soner
Published: December 2021

Objective: Teeth are used as an important data source to estimate radioactivity accumulation in individuals. This study aimed to evaluation the gross alpha (GA) and gross beta (GB) radioactivity concentrations in tooth samples.Methods: Mandibular permanent first molar teeth of individuals living in the Middle Black Sea region were used for the study to ensure standardization. The teeth samples were divided into 4 groups according to the age factor (Group 1: 6-15 years, Group 2: 16-30 years, Group 3: 31-45 years, and Group 4: 46-65 years). Each group was divided into two subgroups according to gender factor. Measurements were completed with a nuclear spectroscopic system containing a gas-flow proportional counter. Data were analyzed statistically.Results: While a statistically significant difference was detected among groups for GA radioactivity concentration (p<0.05), no significant difference was detected among groups for GB (p>0.05). Mean GA value was higher in Group 1 (6-15 years) compared to the other groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders in both GA and GB radioactivity concentrations for all groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: While the GA radioactivity concentration was affected by the age factor, it was not affected by the gender factor.
Evaluasi	Kasus	Karsinoma	Sel	Basal	di	Makassar	Periode	Januari	2017	sampai	Desember	201
Authors: Josh Fonny , Mappiwali Asrul , Sukamto Tommy Hermawan
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang : Karsinoma Sel Basal atau Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) merupakan keganasan kulit yang paling sering pada manusia. Keganasan ini menyumbang sekitar 75% dari semua kanker kulit non melanoma (NMSCs). Terdapat sekitar satu juta kasus baru terdiagnosis setiap tahun dengan lebih dari 10.000 kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasis kasus karsinoma sel basal di Makassar. Methode : Penelitian bersifat deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengevaluasi kasus karsinoma sel basal dari Januari 2017 sampai Desember 2019. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien di RS Wahidin sudirohusodo, Universitas Hasanuddin dan Ibnu Sina, Makassar. Digunakan metode total sampling. Data kemudian dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil : Dari 49 kasus karsinoma sel basal (BCC) mayoritas terjadi pada perempuan (67,3%). Rata-rata usia pasien adalah 60 tahun. Insiden terbanyak pada kelompok usia 41 - 60 tahun (51%). Predileksi tersering di daerah nasal (30,6%) dan tipe histopatologi terbanyak adalah tipe nodular (53,1%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah tipe morpheaform (2,4%). Mayoritas pasien menjalani bedah eksisi (85,7%). Kasus metastasis jarang terjadi, hanya diamati pada lima kasus. Dua kasus (4,1%) bermetastasis ke paru dan satu kasus (2%) bermetastasi ke hepar. Kebanyakan kasus karsinoma sel basal tidak rekuren (81,6%). Kesimpulan : Predileksi karsinoma sel basal tersering adalah di daerah nasal dengan tipe histopatologi terbanyak adalah tipe nodular. Mayoritas pasien menjalani bedah eksisi. Kasus metastasis jarang terjadi dan kebanyakan kasus karsinoma sel basal tidak rekuren.
The grouping of industrial enterprises by capacity utilization rate and level of debts to banks (IV Quarter of 2020)
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Dyomina N. , Bashirova I. , Serzhantova T. , Belyakov S.
Published: December 2021

Russian industrial enterprises, examined by the Russian Economic Barometer are grouped according to two criteria: the level of capacity utilization rate, as well as the level of debts to banks. This grouping allows you to see how key characteristics of enterprises differ depending on how their production capacities are loaded and what level of debts to banks they have. Data are presented for the fourth quarter of 2020.
REB indexes
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: December 2021

“REB indexes” cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russian industrial enterprises. The article presents basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer by means of direct questioning of managers of industrial and agricultural enterprises. Regular extension of rows allows seeing dynamics of more than 70 series of indicators and conducting comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.
Welfare Assessment Tools in Zoos: From Theory to Practice
Authors: jones narelle , Sherwen Sally , Robbins Rachel , McLelland David , Whittaker Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Zoos are increasingly putting in place formalized animal welfare assessment programs to allow monitoring of welfare over time, as well as to aid in resource prioritization. These programs tend to rely on assessment tools that incorporate resource-based and observational animal- focused measures since it is rarely feasible to obtain measures of physiology in zoo-housed animals. A range of assessment tools are available which commonly have a basis in the Five Domains framework. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to bring together recent studies examining welfare assessment methods in zoo animals. A summary of these methods is provided with advantages and limitations of the approach es presented. We then highlight practical considerations with respect to implementation of these tools into practice, for example scoring schemes, weighting of criteria, and innate animal factors for consideration. It is concluded that would be value in standardizing guidelines for development of welfare assessment tools since zoo accreditation bodies rarely prescribe these. There is also a need to develop taxon or species- specific assessment tools to inform welfare management.
Reliability of the Ginzburg–Landau Theory in the BCS-BEC Crossover by Including Gaussian Fluctuations for 3D Attractive Fermions
Authors: Pascucci Filippo , Perali Andrea , Salasnich Luca
Published: December 2021

We calculate the parameters of the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equation of a three-dimensional attractive Fermi gas around the superfluid critical temperature. We compare different levels of approximation throughout the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) to the Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC) regime. We show that the inclusion of Gaussian fluctuations strongly modifies the values of the Ginzburg–Landau parameters approaching the BEC regime of the crossover. We investigate the reliability of the Ginzburg–Landau theory, with fluctuations, studying the behavior of the coherence length and of the critical rotational frequencies throughout the BCS-BEC crossover. The effect of the Gaussian fluctuations gives qualitative correct trends of the considered physical quantities from the BCS regime up to the unitary limit of the BCS-BEC crossover. Approaching the BEC regime, the Ginzburg–Landau equation with the inclusion of Gaussian fluctuations turns out to be unreliable.
HOME OFFICE SPACES FOR SMART WORK. IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON ARRANGEMENTS OF RESIDENTIAL INTERIORS
Authors:   Politechnika Poznańska, Poland Wydział Architektury Dyrektor Instytutu Architektury Wnętrz i Wzornictwa Przemysłowego, Bonenberg Agata , Lucchini Marco ,   Politecnico di Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Architettura e Studi Urbani
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has encouraged a shift to smart-working both for companies as well as their employees. Work-related activities once performed in dedicated offices had to be moved to private spaces of individual homes, severely influencing how people use their residential space. Living and working conditions have been modified and the balance between them – interrupted. In this paper the authors present a study of the changes in the use of residential space based on questionnaires addressed to respondents in five age groups (up to 25, 26-35, 36-50, 51-65, more than 65), and living or studying in and around Milan (Lombardy), an area affected severely by Covid-19 between March and May 2020. The obtained questionnaire results have allowed the authors to create a set of apartment design requirements, which improve the performance of space. Research has led to a model-case study apartment.
“SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL” NEW TRENDS IN ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGNS
Authors:   Wyższa Szkoła Techniczna w Katowicach Wydział Architektury Wnętrz Katedra Projektowania Architektury Wnętrz, Juroszek Justyna
Published: December 2021

The article outlines how views on residential architecture have changed in recent years. Sustainable development, ecology and balance are recently trendy concepts that have also been reflected in architecture. They manifested themselves through a new approach to designing the living space. It began to be approached more practically, inventively and creatively. Initially in the United States, and then in other countries, the architectural trend known as Tiny Houses began to appear. It referred to minimalism, savings and anti-consumerism. In Poland, this designing trend is still relatively new, but it is a challenge for the future in architecture.
TENDENCIES IN SETTLEMENT PLANNING IN LIGHT OF THE IDEA OF ‘A VILLAGE IN A PARK SPACE’ IN THE OGRODZIENIEC MUNICIPALITY
Authors:   Cracow University of Technology, Poland The Faculty of Architecture Department of Spatial Planning, Urban and Rural Design, Cygankiewicz Ingeborga , Łaś Jan ,   Cracow University of Technology, Poland The Faculty of Architecture Department of Spatial Planning, Urban and Rural Design
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the planning and spatial transformation of the municipality of Ogrodzieniec in the context of the idea of ‘a village in a park space’. The rural area of the Ogrodzieniec municipality has undergone significant landscape transitions over the past several decades. The dynamic development of single-family housing has generated the greatest amount of functio-spatial and compositional and landscape problems. The idea of ‘a village in a park space’ is to counter these negative development trajectories. It defines general perspectives of rural area development in a spirit of sustainable development.
THE WAYS OF TRANFORMATIONS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN SMALL TOWNS OF SUBCARPATHIA REGION IN THE OPINION OF THE INHABITANTS
Authors:   Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Department of Architectural Design and Engineering Graphics, Raś Beata
Published: December 2021

The public spaces of small towns play an important role in the lives of residents. They have commercial, service, recreational and social functions. They should be adapted to the needs of residents. In recent years there have been transformations within the public spaces of many towns of Subcarpathian region. The study includes the results of questionnaire research of residents regarding their opinion on the changes made. The essence of social participation based on dialogue between citizens and local authorities as well as benefits resulting from its application were also indicated. Spatial observation, juxtaposed with public opinion, allowed for the identification of significant issues affecting the perception and use of urban spaces.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF TALL BUILDING VISUAL PERCEPCION – EXAMPLE OF EUROPEAN CITIES
Authors:   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Czyńska Klara
Published: December 2021

The article provides a preliminary analysis of selected factors that influence city visual perception, in particular tall buildings, in the cityscape. The research area includes selected European cities of a diverse urban structures and cityscape types. The cities also represent various strategies for the development of tall buildings. The article discusses tall building observation parameters, perception conditions and urban composition and geometry. It also describes techniques of digital cityscape analysis used by the author in her planning practice.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI PT. PENDIDIKAN MARITIM DAN LOGISTIK INDONESIA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PESERTA
Authors: Ahsanu Amal Hanif , Rahmayanti Henita
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect, respondents' responses and sub-variables that influence training and human resource development on work productivity held in PT. Pendidikan Maritim dan Logistik Indonesia through questionnaire data. The method used is descriptive quantitative method with primary and secondary data through statistical analysis. Collecting data by distributing questionnaires to respondents to get perceptions of the training that was followed. From the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the implementation of training and human resource development held at PT. Indonesian Maritime and Logistics Education has an effect on the work productivity of participants by 3.75 and is categorized as quite high in its implementation. Therefore, the training provided to the participants should produce a reliable workforce or human resources compared to the disciplines of each employee in order to achieve the company's goals.
PERANCANGAN BERBASIS USER EXPERIENCE PADA MODUL ADMIN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA
Authors: Azizah Khoiro Nisah  , Hamidillah Ajie  , Widodo
Published: December 2021

Dewasa ini, umumnya perguruan tinggi menerapkan sistem informasi dalam pengelolaan berbagai data, baik akademik maupun non-akademik. Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ) merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi yang menggunakan sistem informasi sebagai sarana pengelolaan data akademik dimana sistem informasi tersebut dinamakan SIAKAD UNJ. SIAKAD UNJ berkemungkinan besar mengalami perubahan, namun karena proses perubahan fitur sebelumnya tidak terdokumentasi dengan lengkap maka menyebabkan pengembangan sistem menjadi lebih sulit. Adapun pengembangan SIAKAD UNJ dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa bagian, salah satunya merancang User Interface (UI). UI pada SIAKAD UNJ saat ini belum dirancang dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik pengguna dalam menggunakan suatu sistem, maka dari itu dibutuhkan sebuah pendekatan pengembangan yang tepat. Salah satu pendekatan pengembangan yang dapat diterapkan adalah User Experience (UX). UX memiliki berbagai metode perancangan. Dalam penelitian ini, UI pada SIAKAD UNJ dirancang dengan menggunakan metode The Wheel. Desain UI yang dihasilkan selanjutnya akan diuji dengan usability testing yang berkaitan dengan efektivitas, efisiensi, dan kepuasan. Pengukuran nilai efektivitas dan efisiensi menggunakan hasil usability testing, sedangkan kepuasan menggunakan User Experience Qustionnaire. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai efektivitas mencapai 100%, nilai efisiensi di bawah 0,10 goals/sec untuk 4 tugas dan di atas 0,10 goals/sec untuk 11 tugas, dan tingkat kepuasan menunjukkan hasil yang sangat baik.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 27.11.2021 г. по 03.12.2021 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: December 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 27.11.2021 г. по 03.12.2021 г.
The Health Determinants of Accessibility to Clubfoot Treatment in LMICs: A Global Exploration of Barriers and Solutions
Authors: Sheik-Ali Sharaf , Navarro Sergio M , Keil Evan J , Keil Evan , Johnson Walter , Lavy Chris
Published: December 2021

Background: Clubfoot or Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) treatment in newborn infants involves simple, non-invasive manipulation and is primarily managed non-surgically if identified early. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), less than 15% of patients with CTEV access treatment. This cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted descriptive and regression analysis of institutional reasons for CTEV management in LMICs.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken of 1,489 medical institutions in 62 LMICs. Data were evaluated from the “World Health Organization Situation Analysis tool” database. We analyzed characteristics of institutions that manage and did not manage CTEV. With the use of a multivariate linear regression model, we identified a set of factors linked to referral for non-management of CTEV.
Results: A total of 72.7% (1,083/1,395) of institutions surveyed did not manage CTEV. The most common reason cited for not managing CTEV was a lack of sufficient skills, 92.1% (668/725, P<0.001). A total of 39.4% (286/725) of institutions also cited a lack of functioning equipment as a reason. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed lack of training, lack of supplies, and lack of functioning equipment were most closely related to non-management of CTEV.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: We identified that failure to manage CTEV may result from a lack of skills and medical equipment. Increasing the capacity of sustainable training programs may reduce the presently available skill deficit in treating CTEV in LMICs and provide improved health outcomes for those with CTEV. While considerable progress has been made in building capacity for the treatment and management of CTEV in LMICs, structured training programs that support conservative manipulative methods to manage CTEV should be initiated globally.
 
Copyright © 2021 Sheik-Ali et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Determinants of HIV Testing Uptake among Women (aged 15-49 years) in the Philippines, Myanmar, and Cambodia
Authors: Myint Wah , Washburn David , Colwell Brian , Maddock Jay
Published: December 2021

Background: Many countries have been trying to eliminate Mother-to-Child transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and achieve the 90-90-90 target goals. The targets mean that 90% of People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) know their HIV status, 90% of those who are infected receive Antiretroviral treatment (ART), and 90% of those achieve viral suppression. Despite some progress, the goals have not been met in the Philippines, Myanmar, and Cambodia, countries with relatively high or growing HIV prevalence. This study identifies the sociodemographic determinants of testing among women in these countries so that better health education and stigma reduction strategies can be developed.
Methods: Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted using Demographic and Health Survey data conducted in the Philippines (2017), Myanmar (2015/2016), and Cambodia (2014). The outcome variable was having ever been tested for HIV. Independent variables included knowledge and attitudes about HIV and social determinants of health.
Results: A significant difference in testing rates among women was observed (the Philippines: 5%, Myanmar: 19%, Cambodia: 42%). In Myanmar and Cambodia, women who had more HIV knowledge and less stigma towards PLWHIV were more likely to get tested for HIV than those who did not. Marital status, education, wealth were strong predictors for HIV testing among women. Younger women aged 15-19 and those who live in the rural areas were less likely to get HIV tested than older and those living in urban areas. Employed women were less likely to seek an HIV test than the unemployed in Myanmar and Cambodia, whereas, in the Philippines, the opposite relationship was found.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Women with less education and those less familiar with HIV should be targeted for HIV testing interventions. Stigma reduction and different testing strategies could facilitate early screening leading to improved HIV testing among women.
 
Copyright © 2021 Myint et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
ANALISIS QARDH DALAM PEMBIAYAAN RAHN DI LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH (STUDI KASUS PINJAMAN USAHA)
Authors: Siska Hana Pertiwi  , Iza Hanifuddin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran LKS dalam menyediakan pinjaman usaha, serta membedah kondisi dan sistematika akad Qardh dalam pembiayaan Rahn. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan studi literatur, serta menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari skripsi, jurnal, dan website lembaga terkait. Qardh dan Rahn berjalan dalam bingkai syariah, yang berlandaskan Al-Qur’an dan Hadist, serta Ijtihad ulama. Qardh dan Rahn memiliki ketentuan operasional di dalam Fatwa DSN-MUI, serta Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah. Qardh dan Rahn, masing-masing memiliki rukun dan syarat yang wajib terpenuhi dalam akad tersebut dan menjadi penentu sah tidaknya akad. Kedua pembiayaan tersebut juga harus melalui alur traksaksi yang runtut untuk mencapai akad yang sah. Pengalihan pinjaman dari sistem konvensional ke syariah diperlukan karena maraknya penipuan dan masih ditemukannya praktik Riba. Lembaga Keuangan Syariah sudah memiliki legalitas lembaga dan keabsahan produk pembiayaannya. Qardh dan Rahn murni pinjaman tanpa imbalan, melainkan bagi hasil bagi transaksi Rahn. Qardh dan Rahn memiliki tujuan yang sama untuk menyokong usaha masyarakat. Qardh murni tujuan sosial bukan konsumtif, sedangkan Rahn bisa produktif dan konsumtif, serta LKS memperoleh bagi hasil.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Risk of Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers: A Multicentre Case-Control Study
Authors: Tubío-Pérez Ramón Antonio , Torres-Durán María , García-Rodríguez María Esmeralda , Candal-Pereira Cristina , Rey-Brandariz Julia , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Barros-Dios Juan , Fernández-Villar Alberto , Ruano-Raviña Alberto
Published: December 2021

Background
Lung cancer (LC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes worldwide. Although its principal risk factor is smoking habit, there are genetic mutations, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), that have been related with increased risk This study is the continuation of an earlier one published by the same group in 2015, aimed at analysing risk of LC in never-smokers, associated with carriers of the AATD genotype.
Methods
A multicentre case-control study was conducted in Spain across the period January 2011 to August 2019. Cases were patients with LC, and controls were patients, all never-smokers, undergoing major non-cancer-related surgery. Data were collected on epidemiological characteristics, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), residential radon levels, and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) genotype.
Results
The study included 457 cases (42%) and 631 controls (58%), with a predominance of women. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma (77.5%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%). No association of risk of LC was found with the status of AATD genotype carrier, both overall and broken down by age, sex, or exposure to ETS.
Conclusions
No risk association was found between being a carrier of an AAT deficiency genotype and LC among never-smokers. Even so, new studies are required to provide fuller information in this regard with respect to never-smokers, and possibly even include previous respiratory diseases.
Investigating The Environmental Kuznets Curve (Ekc) Hypothesis For India: Does India Have Enough Capital To Supplement Renewable Energy Usage In The Correction of Carbon Emissions?
Authors: Rej Soumen , Nag Barnali
Published: December 2021

India’s sustainable development goals consist of higher economic growth through strengthening of the manufacturing sector on the one hand and ambitious carbon emission reduction plans through increased renewables on the other. This paper studies the dynamic association between CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable energy (RE) consumption and gross capital formation and tests for the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for India over the time period 1970-2018. It also tries to see if there is any possible conflict between the economic and energy goals using an interaction term between RE consumption and gross capital formation. The empirical results not only confirm long run relationship among the underlying variables but also indicate an ‘N’ shaped EKC in the long run for India indicating a departure from the traditional inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. RE consumption is found to reduce emissions, whereas gross capital formation and the interaction term between RE consumption and gross capital formation are found to raise emissions in the long run. The study concludes that India needs to align its economic policy of ‘Make in India’ with its energy policy so that investments under the former facilitate extensive penetration, adaptation and usage of renewable energy. A policy dichotomy between the two goals may defeat India’s INDC objective of drastic reduction in CO2 emissions through increased renewables by 2030.
Effect of Different Washing Solutions on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community in Agricultural Soil Severely Contaminated With Cadmium
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Chunfa , Deng Shaopo , Zhang Jinlu , Hou Jinyu , Wang Chong , Fu Zhaocong
Published: December 2021

Soil enzyme activities and microbial communities have a good response to the remediation effect of heavy metal-contaminated soils. To evaluate the effect of three commonly used washing agents, ferric chloride (FC), ethylenediamine-tetra- methylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in cadmium (Cd)- contaminated agricultural soil collected around the mining area. The soil enzyme activities, microbial community, chemical forms of Cd and some physicochemical properties of the soil washed with different washing solutions were determined after two months incubation. The results showed that the three washing solutions had moderate removal efficiencies (22.83%-37.56%) for Cd in the tested soil and the breakdown product of EDTMP has a certain stabilizing effect on Cd. The geometric mean and the integrated total enzyme activity index showed that soil washing with FC and EDTA were more beneficial to the restoration of biochemical functions than that with EDTMP. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes in the soil washed with EDTA was significantly higher than that with FC and EDTMP. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the soil washed with EDTMP was significantly increased, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the soil washed with FC was significantly decreased. Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the three washing solutions affected soil enzyme activities and microbial community by altering soil nutrient, total Cd concentration and Cd fractions in soils.
Impact of 2nd Wave of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on Coastal Water Quality at Diu, Western Coast of India and Role of Total Alkalinity on Bacterial Loads
Authors: Panja Atanu Kumar , Vasavdutta Sonpal , Sahoo Tarini Prasad , Shinde Ambika Hemant , Thorat Ravikumar Bhagawan , Chatterjee Shruti , Ray Sanak , Madhava Anil Kumar , Haldar Soumya
Published: December 2021

A detailed coastal water monitoring near Diu coast, western part of India was performed from October, 2020 to May, 2021 covering the 2nd lockdown time. Average monthly fluctuation from 7 different sampling stations of total 9 physico-chemical parameters such as pH, salinity, turbidity, nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO4), total alkalinity and silicate were recorded. Initially, Mann-Kendall trend test for all the 9 parameters showed non-zero trend, which may be either linear or non-linear. During 2nd lockdown period, there was a fluctuation of value for parameters like pH, salinity, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. Average total bacterial count and differential bacterial count also gradually decreased from March, 2021 sampling. Principal component analysis (PCA) plot covering all the physico-chemical parameters as well as the differential bacterial count showed a distinct cluster of all bacterial count with total alkalinity value. Subsequently, mathematical equation was formulated between total alkalinity value and all differential bacterial count. Upto our knowledge this is the first report where mathematical equation was formulated to obtain value of different bacterial load based on the derived total alkalinity value of the coastal water samples near Diu, India.
Periodic Sea-Level Oscillation in Tokyo Bay Detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD)
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Aichi Masaatsu , Balogh Szabolcs József , Bozza Cristiano , Coniglione Rosa , Gluyas Jon , Hayashi Naoto , Holma Marko , Joutsenvaara Jari , Kamoshida Osamu , Kato Yasuhiro , Kin Tadahiro , Kuusiniemi Pasi , Leone Giovanni , Presti Domenico Lo , Matsushima Jun , Miyamoto Hideaki , Mori Hirohisa , Nomura Yukihiro , Okamoto Naoya , Oláh László , Steigerwald Sara , Shimazoe Kenji , Sumiya Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Thompson Lee F. , Tokunaga Tomochika , Yokota Yusuke , Paling Sean , Varga Dezső
Published: December 2021

Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 that passed through the region 400 km south of the bay. The measured oscillation period and decay time were respectively 3 hours and 10 hours. These measurements were found to be consistent with previous tide gauge measurements. Meteotsunamis are known to take place in bays and lakes, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteotsunamis are similar to seismic tsunamis. However, their generation and propagation mechanisms are not well understood. The current result indicates that a combination of muography and trans-bay or trans-lake underwater tunnels will offer an additional tool to measure meteotsunamis at locations where tide gauges are unavailable.
Carcass Traits, Meat Characteristics, and Economic Viability of Grazing Nellore Cattle Produced Under Different Supplementation Strategies in the Tropics
Authors: Ramos Jenifer Maira Lima , Vargas Julián Andrés Castillo , Diniz Evellyn Aryane Lopes , Lacerda Natália Gomes , Mezzomo Rafael , Alves Kaliandra Souza , Oliveira Luis Rennan Sampaio , de Loureiro João Paulo Borges , Silva Poliana Ramos da , Gomes Daiany Iris
Published: December 2021

This study explored the effects of different supplementation strategies in the dry and rainy seasons in the tropics on the carcass traits, meat quality, and economic viability of Nellore cattle produced under grazing conditions. For this purpose, twenty-eight non-castrated male animals (18 months) with an initial body weight of 327.93 ± 4.22 kg were used. The animals were equitably distributed in a randomized complete design thorough four supplementation strategies as follows: i) mineral supplementation (MS) in both dry and rainy seasons (MS/MS), ii) MS in the dry season and concentrate supplementation (CS) in the rainy season (MS/CS), iii) CS in the dry season and MS in the rainy season (CS/MS), and iv) CS in both dry and rainy seasons (CS/CS). Thereafter, carcass traits, primary carcass cut yields, meat quality traits, chemical composition of meat, and economic viability of cattle production across different supplementation strategies were determined. Data revealed that animals under CS/CS showed the greatest (P < 0.01) hot carcass weights among the other supplementation strategies evaluated. Conversely, supplementation strategy did not affect (P > 0.05) carcass traits (the ribeye area, final pH, and forequarter), meat quality traits (shear force, myofibrillar fragment index, sarcomere length, and color), and meat chemical composition (crude protein, fat, and moisture) of the animals. The effective operational cost, total cost, gross revenue, and profit of animals under CS/CS showed the greatest values, whereas the lowest ones were obtained for the animals under MS/MS. In conclusion, data suggest that concentrate supplementation during at least one season (dry or rainy) produces similar meat quality traits and chemical composition of meat, but different hot carcass weight, backfat thickness and hindquarter proportion to those observed when animals were supplemented with concentrate in both seasons. Additionally, CS/CS animals, despite having a higher total cost, have greater profitability when raised in tropical pasture.
Azithromycin as Macrolide of Choice in Patients with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in Expectant Management: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Castilhos Fernanda Oliveira , Müller Gabriel Cardozo , Vettorazzi Janete , Vettori Daniela Vanessa , Costa Maria Carolina Bittencourt , Sbaraini Mariana , Scherer Mariana Ongaratto , Valério Edimárlei Gonsales
Published: December 2021

Background: Preterm premature rupture of amniotic membranes (PPROM) is responsible for about 30% of premature births, being associated with great neonatal morbidity and mortality. The use of antibiotics in expectant management seems to increase the latency period between PPROM and birth, as well as improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, short and long term benefits, and the ideal antibiotics regimen remains controversial. Objective: This study seeks to demonstrate that the use of antibiotics, with azithromycin as macrolide of choice, in expectant management reduces the birth rate in the first 48 hours after PPROM, increasing the latency period between PPROM and birth. Methods: Observational, retrospective cohort study in pregnant women with PPROM treated conservatively at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), from January 2012 to December 2019. For the group that used antibiotics, the scheme was Azithromycin and Ampicillin for 48 hours, followed by Amoxicillin for 5 days, completing 7 days of treatment. Qualitative data was analyzed by Fisher exact test, and time to event analysis using Kaplan Meier estimator were used to evaluate latency to birth and Cox regression to estimate Hazard Rate. Results: 145 participants, of which 107 did not use antibiotics (group 1) and 38 used antibiotics (group 2). The 48-hour birth rate was significantly lower in the antibiotics group (33.6% in group 1 vs. 16% in group 2, p=0.04). The birth rate on patients presenting outcomes before 15 days presented a significant reduction (HR 0.6 [95% ICI 0.39 - 0.92]), as well median time to birth as seen in Kaplan Meier estimator by log-rank test. Conclusion: The use of this antibiotics regimen, with azithromicyn as macrolide of choice, reduced the birth rate in the first 48 hours, with potential clinical benefits due to the increase in the pharmacological window for corticosteroid action, among others, and increased median time to birth in first 15 days between PPROM and birth.
Garcinia Camobogia Extract Alters Anxiety, Sociability, and Dopamine Turnover in Male Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Ibrahim Michael K. , Aboelsaad Marina , Tony Fatma , Sayed Moustafa
Published: December 2021

Background: Obesity is a global concern, closely allied with somatic and psychosomatic disorders. Herbal drugs are available in modern medicine to treat obesity. Garcinia camobogia being used by so many people trying to lose weight produces various systemic side effects. The study was conducted to assess its effect on anxiety, sociability, and dopamine turnover in male mice. Methodology: Male Swiss albino mice of either were divided into three groups with seven mice in each group. Different groups were given distilled water (0.5ml p.o.) and Garcinia cambogia extract at two different doses (100mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o.). Effect of test drugs on anxiety was evaluated using open field test. Sociability and social novelty were evaluated using three chambers test. Results (mean ± standard deviation) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s test. Result: Garcinia cambogia extract significantly increased the time spent in the corners in the open field test, significantly reduced sociability and social novelty in the three chamber test, significantly reduced dopamine turnover and increased D2 receptor expression in ventral tegmental area. Conclusion: Garcinia cambogia extract have significant anxiogenic effect along with reduced sociability and social novelty in male mice. Moreover, these effects could be related to the altered dopamine turnover and D2 receptor expression in mice brain.
Rice, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, And Feeding The Future
Authors: Huang Yu-Kai , Piriyathanasak Phatchaya , Attavanich Witsanu , Fei Chengcheng J. , Han Doo Bong , Jithitikulchai Theepakorn , McCarl Bruce A.
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the relationship between rice yields, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We integrate gridded climate data in the growing seasons and Asian rice yield data reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization with free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experimental data. Using those data, we estimate prediction models of rice yields that evolve over time and decompose effects of climate, CO2, and technological progress. The results show that atmospheric CO2 has significantly increased rice yields, with the contribution accounting for 29% to 33% of the observed yield growth. The results also reveal that increases in temperature decrease rice yields in parts of Asia, implying that both CO2 mitigation and climate change are yield growth depressing factors. The finding suggests a potential need for more agricultural research and development investment to offset CO2 mitigation and climate change effects.
Information-Seeking Under Threat: How the Characteristics of Web Searches Changed During the Pandemic
Authors: Kelly Christopher , Blain Bastien , Sharot Tali
Published: December 2021

To adjust to novel and threatening environments people seek information. Here, we examine whether and how a threatening global event -–the pandemic– altered the characteristics of the information people sought out online. An analysis of queries submitted to Google search engine revealed that people were more likely to submit queries for information that could guide action (i.e., “How to” and “How do” searches) during the pandemic relative to before, controlling for total search volume. This tendency may have contributed to the rapid adaptation observed in response to the pandemic. Indeed, stress levels reported weekly by 17K individuals predicted the proportion of “How to” and “How do” searches, controlling for COVID-19 related confinement. Markedly, population stress levels were more strongly associated with this high-level feature of web searches than they were with searches for specific terms such as “anxiety” or “stress”. In contrast, COVID-19 related confinement, but not stress levels, was associated with the proportion of “What” and “Why” questions submitted to Google, suggesting that the confinement was related to increased desire for general knowledge. Key results were replicated across two countries (UK and US). The study suggests that in situations of high stress people ask questions that can guide action. An intriguing possibility is that tracking of this feature could be used to monitor population stress levels beyond the pandemic.
The Impact of Financial Development On The Clean Energy Transition In MENA Region: The Role of Institutional And Political Factors.
Authors: Saadaoui Haifa
Published: December 2021

This study focuses on the role of institutional factors as well as financial development in renewable energy transition in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 1990-2018 using the ARDL PMG method. The investigation of long-run and short-run analysis confirms that institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and shows that improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long run. Another important finding is that global financial development does not have a significant effect on the transition process in the long run, implying that the whole financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting the region’s sustainable path. Moreover, income drives the transition to renewable energy in both short and long term. The causality results show that both financial development and institutional quality lead to renewable energy transition, while there is a bidirectional link between income and renewable energy.This study can provide a very useful recommendation to promote a clean transition in the MENA region.