bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and Predictors of Recurrence After Curative Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastasis (CRLM)
Authors: Vadisetti Satya Niharika , Kazi Mufaddal , Patkar Shraddha , Mundhada Rohit , Desouza Ashwin , Saklani Avanish , Goel Mahesh
Published: August 2024

Background

Our study aims to determine the predictors and patterns of relapses after curative colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) resection.

Methods

A single-centre, retrospective study of CRLM patients operated between 2010 and 2022 was performed. The site of first recurrence was either hepatic (marginal (≤ 1 cm) or extramarginal), extrahepatic, or both. Factors that predicted relapse patterns and overall survival were determined by multivariable Cox regression analysis with backward elimination of variables.

Results

The study consisted of 258 patients, with a similar proportion of synchronous (144; 56%) and metachronous(114; 43%) metastasis. At a 43-month median follow-up, 156 patients (60.4%) developed recurrences with 33 (21.1%) in the liver, 62(24.03%) extra-hepatic recurrences, and 58 (22.48%) having both. Isolated marginal liver relapses were seen in seven (9.89%) liver recurrence patients. The median overall and relapse-free survivals were 38 months (30–54) and 13 months (11–16), respectively. The 3-year liver-relapse-free survival was 54.4% (44.9–60.6). Size of liver metastases > 5 cm (HR 2.06 (1.34–3.17), involved surgical margins (HR 2.16 (1.27–3.68)), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.89 (1.07–3.35)) were predictors of hepatic recurrences. Node positivity of primary (HR 1.61 (1.02–2.56)), presence of baseline extra-hepatic metastases (HR 0.30 (0.18–0.51)), size of liver metastases > 5 cm (HR 2.02 (1.37–2.99)), poorly differentiated histology (HR 2.25 (1.28–3.49)), presence of LVI (HR 2.25 (1.28–3.94)), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 2.15 (1.28–3.61)) were predictors of extra-hepatic recurrences.

Conclusion

The study found majority relapses occurred at extrahepatic sites whilst isolated marginal recurrences were few. The consistent predictors of recurrence were size and inability to deliver adjuvant therapy. A tailored adjuvant therapy might improve outcomes after liver metastasectomy in colorectal cancers.
Design and Assessment of Fighter Pilot Assistance Systems for Air-to-Air Refuelling with Probe-and-Drogue-Equipment
Authors: Ament J. , Lachmann J. , Schmelz J. , Wandrey L.
Published: August 2024

Air-to-air refuelling (AAR) with a probe-and-drogue system is a highly demanding process for fighter pilots. In the frame of the project “Future Air-to-Air Refuelling” (F(AI)2R) the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is designing concepts for assistance systems to support fighter pilots during this manoeuvre. The AAR process was examined using a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with Eurofighter-, Tornado- and test pilots. “Situation Awareness Requirements” (SAR), which represent relevant parameters for the situation awareness of the fighter pilot were derived from the HTA and rated by pilots according to their relevance. The collected data was then used to design different concepts of pilot assistance systems using a morphological box and a decision matrix. The concepts were visualised as storyboards, assessed by test pilots of the “Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61” (WTD 61) and optimized based on their feedback. In this paper, the used methodology as well as the results of the HTA and SAR analysis are presented. Besides that, storyboards for pilot assistance systems displaying the overtake speed “German Patent No. 10.2022.110.505” and the “Contact Assistance, Status and Warning System” (CASWS) “German Patent No. 10.2022.123.653” are described. Additionally, the planned implementation using a HoloLens 2 is explained and the strategy for the subsequent simulator study on the DLR fighter aircraft simulator “Military AiR vehicle Simulator – Fast Integration Testbed” (MARS-FIT) is described.
Integration of microfluidic chips with biosensors
Authors: Sekhwama Masindi , Mpofu Kelvin , Sudesh Sivarasu , Mthunzi-Kufa Patience
Published: August 2024

The potential threat posed by disease outbreaks to diagnostic instruments demands the development of more effective biosensor technologies to counteract the risks. Diseases like SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, malaria, cholera, and many more have demonstrated beyond the limits of health care that new advancements are required for early detection and diagnosis. The rising number of diseases outbreaks has led to an increasing demand for biosensors that are more effective and quicker to utilize in healthcare settings. A biosensor incorporated with microfluidic chips offers an improved detection compared to traditional or classical biosensors. Microfluidic chips improve the performance of the biosensors by allowing automation, mixing, separation, throughput processing, and transport of the analytes to desired reactors. A biosensor incorporated with a microfluidic chip has improved sensitivity, easy operation and can use small volumes of samples to process the results. The effectiveness of biosensors depends also on the materials used in its fabrication and there are many materials used for fabrication which are reviewed in this work. This paper reviews the potential advantages of the use of microfluidic chips to enhance the performance of biosensors, materials used to fabricate the chips, and potential electrodes incorporated into microfluidic chips which improve the detection time by shortening the processing time for biosensors at the point of care service. This work also reviews new technologies which are not previously addressed other reviews including, integration of cell-imprinted polymers with microfluidic sensors and delved into future technologies outlook.
A narrative review: integrating leisure time programs for children with hearing impairment to mitigate behavioral problems
Authors: Fayed Gamal
Published: August 2024

This paper focused on students' leisure time with an exclusive focus on students with hearing disabilities leading to behavioural issues. This sensitive issue needs time to be highlighted as students with such disabilities are naturally restrained from utilizing their leisure time. This research aims to investigate numerous courses of action in the light of a detailed literature review and explore possible ways to reduce their severity and mitigate their effects. This qualitative conceptual review encompasses on how leisure time programs could be integrated and inclusive into the education, workplace, and daily life of children with hearing disabilities. This research effectively offers suggestions and recommendations that could help teachers and parents while dealing with leisure time as an approach to reducing behavioural problems such as practical solutions on various tools and procedures that can be manipulated and used in various workplaces. This review has numerous implications, such as this study could serve as a premier in setting guidelines for applying a leisure time approach to the non-clinical work environment.
Dependence of events, revisited
Authors: Braza Peter
Published: August 2024

Independence is a key concept in probability. Conceptually, we think of two events as being independent if the outcome of one event doesn’t affect the outcome of the other and vice versa. Mathematically, we say that events A and B are independent if the probability that both occur is the product of the probabilities that each occurs. More precisely, P (A ∩ B) = P (A) (P (B) in which P () denotes the probability of the given event. Alternatively, we say that A and B are independent if the conditional probability that A occurs given that B has occurred, P (A | B), satisfies P (A | B) = P (A). That is, whether or not B occurs does not affect whether or not A occurs.
Atmospheric Effects of Hunga Tonga Eruption Lingered for Years
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: August 2024

A new study builds on previous research of the underwater volcano’s effects on the climate.
Does poor oral health impact on young children's development? A rapid review
Authors: Watt Samantha , Dyer Tom A. , Marshman Zoe , Jones Kate
Published: August 2024

Background The extent to which poor oral health in young children impacts developmental milestones is unclear.

Aim To review the evidence of association between poor oral health and development of young children (0-5 years).

Method A rapid review was conducted. Medline was searched for articles in English published from 2000 onwards. The outcomes considered were the impact of poor oral health on speech and language development, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), school performance and attendance.

Results In total, 15 studies were included: four systematic reviews, a critical review and 10 primary studies. All data were from observational or cross-sectional studies. Premature extraction of primary maxillary incisors was associated with change in speech sounds and articulation. Two primary studies found associations between early childhood caries and physical and psychomotor deficiencies, while acknowledging a web of causation with other factors, including socioeconomic status. Children with dental caries reported lower OHRQoL. Studies found caries experience was associated with preschool absenteeism.

Conclusion Poor oral health in young children appears to be associated with speech and language development, OHRQoL, and school attendance and performance. However, there are significant limitations in the existing evidence, with further high-quality, observational, longitudinal research required to fully understand the impact of poor oral health on the development of young children. Strategies to improve oral health by health and education professionals are needed to ensure young children reach their potential.
EZH2 represses mesenchymal genes and upholds the epithelial state of breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Gallardo Amador , López-Onieva Lourdes , Belmonte-Reche Efres , Fernández-Rengel Iván , Serrano-Prados Andrea , Molina Aldara , Sánchez-Pozo Antonio , Landeira David
Published: August 2024

Emerging studies support that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) regulates phenotypic changes of carcinoma cells by modulating their shifts among metastable states within the epithelial and mesenchymal spectrum. This new role of PRC2 in cancer has been recently proposed to stem from the ability of its catalytic subunit EZH2 to bind and modulate the transcription of mesenchymal genes during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells. Here, we asked whether this mechanism is conserved in other types of carcinomas. By combining TGF-β-mediated reversible induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and inhibition of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, we demonstrate that EZH2 represses a large set of mesenchymal genes and favours the residence of breast cancer cells towards the more epithelial spectrum during EMT. In agreement, analysis of human patient samples supports that EZH2 is required to efficiently repress mesenchymal genes in breast cancer tumours. Our results indicate that PRC2 operates through similar mechanisms in breast and lung cancer cells. We propose that PRC2-mediated direct transcriptional modulation of the mesenchymal gene expression programme is a conserved molecular mechanism underlying cell dissemination across human carcinomas.
Characterizing barren plateaus in quantum ansätze with the adjoint representation
Authors: Fontana Enrico , Herman Dylan , Chakrabarti Shouvanik , Kumar Niraj , Yalovetzky Romina , Heredge Jamie , Sureshbabu Shree Hari , Pistoia Marco
Published: August 2024

Variational quantum algorithms, a popular heuristic for near-term quantum computers, utilize parameterized quantum circuits which naturally express Lie groups. It has been postulated that many properties of variational quantum algorithms can be understood by studying their corresponding groups, chief among them the presence of vanishing gradients or barren plateaus, but a theoretical derivation has been lacking. Using tools from the representation theory of compact Lie groups, we formulate a theory of barren plateaus for parameterized quantum circuits whose observables lie in their dynamical Lie algebra, covering a large variety of commonly used ansätze such as the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz, Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz, and many equivariant quantum neural networks. Our theory provides, for the first time, the ability to compute the exact variance of the gradient of the cost function of the quantum compound ansatz, under mixing conditions that we prove are commonplace.
Structure of anellovirus-like particles reveal a mechanism for immune evasion
Authors: Liou Shu-hao , Boggavarapu Rajendra , Cohen Noah R. , Zhang Yue , Sharma Ishwari , Zeheb Lynn , Mukund Acharekar Nidhi , Rodgers Hillary D. , Islam Saadman , Pitts Jared , Arze Cesar , Swaminathan Harish , Yozwiak Nathan , Ong Tuyen , Hajjar Roger J. , Chang Yong , Swanson Kurt A. , Delagrave Simon
Published: August 2024

Anelloviruses are nonpathogenic viruses that comprise a major portion of the human virome. Despite being ubiquitous in the human population, anelloviruses (ANVs) remain poorly understood. Basic features of the virus, such as the identity of its capsid protein and the structure of the viral particle, have been unclear until now. Here, we use cryogenic electron microscopy to describe the first structure of an ANV-like particle. The particle, formed by 60 jelly roll domain-containing ANV capsid proteins, forms an icosahedral particle core from which spike domains extend to form a salient part of the particle surface. The spike domains come together around the 5-fold symmetry axis to form crown-like features. The base of the spike domain, the P1 subdomain, shares some sequence conservation between ANV strains while a hypervariable region, forming the P2 subdomain, is at the spike domain apex. We propose that this structure renders the particle less susceptible to antibody neutralization by hiding vulnerable conserved domains while exposing highly diverse epitopes as immunological decoys, thereby contributing to the immune evasion properties of anelloviruses. These results shed light on the structure of anelloviruses and provide a framework to understand their interactions with the immune system.
Unique genetic and risk-factor profiles in clusters of major depressive disorder-related multimorbidity trajectories
Authors: Gezsi Andras , Van der Auwera Sandra , Mäkinen Hannu , Eszlari Nora , Hullam Gabor , Nagy Tamas , Bonk Sarah , González-Colom Rubèn , Gonda Xenia , Garvert Linda , Paajanen Teemu , Gal Zsofia , Kirchner Kevin , Millinghoffer Andras , Schmidt Carsten O. , Bolgar Bence , Roca Josep , Cano Isaac , Kuokkanen Mikko , Antal Peter , Juhasz Gabriella
Published: August 2024

The heterogeneity and complexity of symptom presentation, comorbidities and genetic factors pose challenges to the identification of biological mechanisms underlying complex diseases. Current approaches used to identify biological subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly focus on clinical characteristics that cannot be linked to specific biological models. Here, we examined multimorbidities to identify MDD subtypes with distinct genetic and non-genetic factors. We leveraged dynamic Bayesian network approaches to determine a minimal set of multimorbidities relevant to MDD and identified seven clusters of disease-burden trajectories throughout the lifespan among 1.2 million participants from cohorts in the UK, Finland, and Spain. The clusters had clear protective- and risk-factor profiles as well as age-specific clinical courses mainly driven by inflammatory processes, and a comprehensive map of heritability and genetic correlations among these clusters was revealed. Our results can guide the development of personalized treatments for MDD based on the unique genetic, clinical and non-genetic risk-factor profiles of patients.
Femtosecond laser writing of ant-inspired reconfigurable microbot collectives
Authors: Ren Zhongguo , Xin Chen , Liang Kaiwen , Wang Heming , Wang Dawei , Xu Liqun , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Chu Jiaru , Wu Dong
Published: August 2024

Microbot collectives can cooperate to accomplish complex tasks that are difficult for a single individual. However, various force-induced microbot collectives maintained by weak magnetic, light, and electric fields still face challenges such as unstable connections, the need for a continuous external stimuli source, and imprecise individual control. Here, we construct magnetic and light-driven ant microbot collectives capable of reconfiguring multiple assembled architectures with robustness. This methodology utilizes a flexible two-photon polymerization strategy to fabricate microbots consisting of magnetic photoresist, hydrogel, and metal nanoparticles. Under the cooperation of magnetic and light fields, the microbots can reversibly and selectively assemble (e.g., 90° assembly and 180° assembly) into various morphologies. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of assembled microbots to cross a one-body-length gap and their adaptive capability to move through a constriction and transport microcargo. Our strategy will broaden the abilities of clustered microbots, including gap traversal, micro-object manipulation, and drug delivery.
Iron-catalyzed radical Markovnikov hydrohalogenation and hydroazidation of alkenes
Authors: Elfert Jonas , Frye Nils Lennart , Rempel Isabel , Daniliuc Constantin Gabriel , Studer Armido
Published: August 2024

We herein report radical hydroazidation and hydrohalogenation of mono-, di- and trisubstituted alkenes through iron catalysis. The alkene moiety that often occurs as a functionality in natural products is readily transformed into useful building blocks through this approach. Commercially available tosylates and α-halogenated esters are used as radical trapping reagents in combination with silanes as reductants. The reported radical Markovnikov hydroazidation, hydrobromination, hydrochlorination, and hydroiodination occur under mild conditions. These hydrofunctionalizations are valuable and practical alternatives to ionic hydrohalogenations with the corresponding mineral acids that have to be run under harsher acidic conditions, which diminishes the functional group tolerance. Good to excellent diastereoselectivities can be obtained for the hydrofunctionalization of cyclic alkenes.
Structural mechanism of proton conduction in otopetrin proton channel
Authors: Gan Ninghai , Zeng Weizhong , Han Yan , Chen Qingfeng , Jiang Youxing
Published: August 2024

The otopetrin (OTOP) proteins were recently characterized as extracellular proton-activated proton channels. Several recent OTOP channel structures demonstrated that the channels form a dimer with each subunit adopting a double-barrel architecture. However, the structural mechanisms underlying some basic functional properties of the OTOP channels remain unresolved, including extracellular pH activation, proton conducting pathway, and rapid desensitization. In this study, we performed structural and functional characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans OTOP8 (CeOTOP8) and mouse OTOP2 (mOTOP2) and illuminated a set of conformational changes related to the proton-conducting process in OTOP. The structures of CeOTOP8 reveal the conformational change at the N-terminal part of TM12 that renders the channel in a transiently proton-transferring state, elucidating an inter-barrel, Glu/His-bridged proton passage within each subunit. The structures of mOTOP2 reveal the conformational change at the N-terminal part of TM6 that exposes the central glutamate to the extracellular solution for protonation. In addition, the structural comparison between CeOTOP8 and mOTOP2, along with the structure-based mutagenesis, demonstrates that an inter-subunit movement at the OTOP channel dimer interface plays a central role in regulating channel activity. Combining the structural information from both channels, we propose a working model describing the multi-step conformational changes during the proton conducting process.
Metabolites profiling, in-vitro and molecular docking studies of five legume seeds for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ibrahim Rana M. , Abdel-Baki Passent M. , Mohamed Osama G. , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Tripathi Ashootosh , El-Shiekh Riham A.
Published: August 2024

Even though legumes are valuable medicinal plants with edible seeds that are extensively consumed worldwide, there is little information available on the metabolic variations between different dietary beans and their influence as potential anti-cholinesterase agents. High-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in positive and negative ionization modes combined with multivariate analysis were used to explore differences in the metabolic profiles of five commonly edible seeds, fava bean, black-eyed pea, kidney bean, red lentil, and chickpea. A total of 139 metabolites from various classes were identified including saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, iridoids, and terpenes. Chickpea showed the highest antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase effects, followed by kidney beans. Supervised and unsupervised chemometric analysis determined that species could be distinguished by their different discriminatory metabolites. The major metabolic pathways in legumes were also studied. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway. Pearson’s correlation analysis pinpointed 18 metabolites that were positively correlated with the anti-cholinesterase activity. Molecular docking of the biomarkers to the active sites of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes revealed promising binding scores, validating the correlation results. The present study will add to the metabolomic analysis of legumes and their nutritional value and advocate their inclusion in anti-Alzheimer’s formulations.
Exercise-promoted adiponectin secretion activates autolysosomes to protect the liver of ApoE−/− mice from a high-fat diet
Authors: Wu Weijia , Jian Ye , Yuan Shunling , Li Xuan , Tang Yingzhe , Zeng Fanqi , Liu Wenjing , Zhao Zhe , Wang Yirong , Wang Yiyang , Liu Wenfeng
Published: August 2024

Treadmill exercise promotes liver fat uptake, activates lipolysis and inhibits DNL, and activates autolysosomes through APN-AdipoR1 to accelerate lipolysis and protect hepatocytes from lipotoxicity.
Extraction of typical operating scenarios of new power system based on deep time series aggregation
Authors: Qu Zhaoyang , Zhang Zhenming , Qu Nan , Zhou Yuguang , Li Yang , Jiang Tao , Li Min , Long Chao
Published: August 2024

Extracting typical operational scenarios is essential for making flexible decisions in the dispatch of a new power system. A novel deep time series aggregation scheme (DTSAs) is proposed to generate typical operational scenarios, considering the large amount of historical operational snapshot data. Specifically, DTSAs analyse the intrinsic mechanisms of different scheduling operational scenario switching to mathematically represent typical operational scenarios. A Gramian angular summation field‐based operational scenario image encoder was designed to convert operational scenario sequences into high‐dimensional spaces. This enables DTSAs to fully capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of new power systems using deep feature iterative aggregation models. The encoder also facilitates the generation of typical operational scenarios that conform to historical data distributions while ensuring the integrity of grid operational snapshots. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method extracted new fine‐grained power system dispatch schemes and outperformed the latest high‐dimensional feature‐screening methods. In addition, experiments with different new energy access ratios were conducted to verify the robustness of the proposed method. DTSAs enable dispatchers to master the operation experience of the power system in advance, and actively respond to the dynamic changes of the operation scenarios under the high access rate of new energy.
YOLODCC: Improved YOLOv8 combined with dynamic confidence compensation for lightweight moving object detection
Authors: Zhang Dongting , Ma Hongbin
Published: August 2024

Most multiple object tracking algorithms depend on the output of the detector. Aiming at the problem that the higher detection quality model is restricted by the computing power, and the robustness of the lightweight detection model is easily affected by motion blur, this paper proposes a lightweight moving object detector based on improved YOLOv8 combined with dynamic confidence compensation algorithm. The algorithm combines various technical means such as network structure optimization, lightweight design, self‐knowledge distillation, loss function improvement and dynamic confidence compensation. ByteTrack is used as a tracker to conduct experiments on PASCAL VOC07+12 data set and UA‐DETRAC test sequence. Compared with the baseline YOLOv8n+ByteTrack, the proposed algorithm improves the HOTA by 1.3% when the single frame tracking delay is reduced by 1.1%. Mostly tracked target is improved by 79.7%, mostly lost target is reduced by 10.9%, and the detection effect is better than the original detector and other popular object detectors. The YOLODCC model achieves a balance between lightweight and multi‐object motion blur.
Impact of cellulase on the surface microstructure of Jingzhu
Authors: Liang Yi , Ji Xingxiang , Tian Zhongjian
Published: August 2024

Jingzhu (JZ) is a newly cultivated subshrub-like herbaceous plant with a dense cuticle and complex cell walls covering its outer surface (which can affect the efficiency of chemical impregnation in pulping and papermaking processes). Cellulase hydrolyzes cellulose to glucose and it is an effective way to break the surface permeability barrier. In the present research, we characterized the effects of different cellulase doses on the enzymatic products and microstructures of JZ. Based on the ion chromatography and UV spectrophotometry results, an increase in cellulase dosage promoted the solubilization of lignin and five monosaccharides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) indicated cellulase promoted exfoliation of the stratum corneum on the JZ surface, decreasing surface silicon content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated cellulase hydrolyzes more vigorously at higher dosages within a certain range. These results demonstrated that using cellulase before pulping could disrupt the external structure of the raw materials, providing favorable conditions for the penetration of chemicals. This study provides a theoretical reference for the pulp and paper industry to develop new non-wood raw materials for pulp and paper.
Rapid Determination of 53 Stimulants Residues in Animal Food by Ultra-high Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhou Yong , Wang Pingya , Zhang Wei , Deng Shanggui , Wang Yang , Li Shiyan , He Hui , Li Xuefang
Published: August 2024

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for screening 53 stimulants in animal foods was developed. The method uses 2% formic acid-acetonitrile/water (80/20) as the extraction solvent and carries out one-step purification by FaVEx-AP solid phase extraction column. Endeavorsil C18 column was used for separation, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for data acquisition and analysis. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) was more than 0.99. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.25–10μg/kg and 1–10μg/kg. The recoveries were 62.25%–123.32% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.17%–22.03%. The method is rapid, simple and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of 53 kinds of stimulants in animal-derived foods.
Exploration and application of exosomes as diagnostic markers for IBD
Authors: Wu Wanying
Published: August 2024

In Asia, the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is high, resulting in significant physical and mental burdens for patients, including chronic pain, persistent diarrhea, fatigue, and psychological stress. Early detection and treatment of IBD can lead to better remission outcomes. However, currently, there is no non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective method for the early diagnosis of IBD. Recently, both domestic and international scholars have suggested that intraluminal incision can serve as a valuable index for non-invasive diagnosis. This paper reviews various proteins from different tissues and tissue sections, highlighting the importance of liquid tissue sections in the diagnosis of IBD.
Application of extracts from different sources with natural preservative properties in daily chemical products
Authors: Luo Qingdi , Zhang Song , Yue Qiulin , Zhao Chen , Sun Xin , Tian Li , Li Baojun , Li Kunlun , Su Le , Zhao Lin
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the importance of the use of natural preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products, especially in the context of the search for alternatives to chemical preservatives in order to reduce health risks. The article summarizes the effects of different extraction and preparation methods on the yield and purity of natural preservatives and discusses strategies to improve their stability. By carefully classifying and analyzing the inhibition mechanisms of natural preservatives, their value and potential in practice are highlighted. The aim is to provide researchers and industry practitioners with insights into the research and application of natural preservatives and to promote their widespread use in the industry.
Research on the mechanism and application of plant essential oils in improving Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Yang Dong , Zhang Song , Tian Li , Yue Qiulin , Sun Xin , Li Baojun , Li Kunlun , Zhao Chen , Su Le , Zhao Lin
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, mainly caused by brain cell aging, impaired autophagy function, and reduction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, as well as memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction, are hallmarks of the disease. Clinical current traditional anti-AD drugs have shortcomings such as ineffective efficacy and large side effects. Therefore, the research of new effective therapeutic drugs has a very broad space for development and value significance. Plant essential oil (EO) has very obvious advantages in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Because of their lipophilicity, small molecular weight, easy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and rich active ingredients, they have significant effects on regulating AD-related neurotransmitters and hormone release, and regulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article describes the pathogenesis of AD, summarizes recent studies on the anti-Alzheimer’s disease effects and mechanisms of essential oils, and provides a review of therapeutic AD chemical constituents in plant essential oils. The article provides a theoretical basis for research on plant essential oils for alleviating and treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Status of Agricultural Irrigation in Hungary
Authors: Süle Bálint , Kalocsai Renátó , Gombkötő Nóra
Published: August 2024

Some prediction models indicate climate change will have a more pronounced impact on Hungary than previously anticipated. Traditionally, Hungarian agriculture is based on dryland farming, with irrigated farming practiced in a few areas. Land degradation is a significant concern. However, the loss of arable land due to water scarcity could be more widespread. One potential solution is to irrigate, which could maintain soil fertility for decades. Utilizing modern irrigation techniques is a crucial approach to making irrigation as sustainable as possible while ensuring yield and quality. This study aims to provide an authentic picture of irrigation in Hungary, past and present. It also aims to provide suggestions for the near future, drawing on examples from abroad.
A picolinamide fungicide for controlling Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet
Authors: Biró Akos F. , Leader Andy J. , Hufnagl Andrea , Kukorelli Gábor , Molnár Zoltán
Published: August 2024

Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is a major foliar disease of sugar beet in all sugar beet growing areas, worldwide, causing up to 50% yield loss. The disease is now dominant in almost all sugar beet growing areas of Europe, including Hungary. The use of fungicides has been being an integral part of the control of CLS of sugar beet. In recent decades, resistance of C. beticola to fungicides belonging to different groups of active substances has been described in many countries worldwide, including Hungary. The picolinamides are a new distinct group of fungal respiration inhibitors (QiI – FRAC Group 21) promise to be a good alternative in the management of fungicide resistance in crops. The florylpicoxamid fungicide were tested and evaluated over two seasons, in vegetation period of 2020 and 2021 for controlling CLS of sugar beet in Hungary. This fungicide was applied as straight formulated product at a range of dose rates, and they showed very effective control of CLS compared to the untreated control check plots and the reference fungicide products difenoconazole and epoxiconazole. All tested dose rates of florylpicoxamid provided effective control of against CLS of sugar beet. The area under the disease progress curve values (AUDPC) was significantly correlated with yield decrease, but AUPDC did not correlated with sugar content of the roots. Additionally, the results showed in two investigated years, the efficacy of florylpicoxamid for the control on CLS of sugar beet crop.
Analysis of early warning signal of land degradation risk based on time series of remote sensing data
Authors: Boali Abdolhossein , Kariminejad Narges , Hosseinalizadeh Mohsen , Shafaie Vahid , Movahedi Rad Majid , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza
Published: August 2024

This study explores the spatio-temporal dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to detect early signs of land degradation. Utilizing high-resolution NDVI data from the Google Earth Engine, spanning from 2004 to 2023 with a 30-meter resolution, this research analyzes monthly variations. To illustrate these dynamics, the study focuses on Sabzevar County, located in northeastern Iran, which extends over 7,217 km²and is approximately 220 kilometers distant from Mashhad. Validation of the NDVI data was performed using field observations from strategically located vegetation plots. One square meter plots were systematically established along 100-meter transects (10 transects in total), where the vegetation coverage in each plot was quantitatively assessed by experts. Comprehensive statistical analysis incorporated Kendall’s tie test, alongside measurements of autocorrelation, coefficient of variation, and standard deviation, using R software to assess the trends and intensities of NDVI changes. The findings revealed a critical breakpoint in 2020, with increases in all three statistical indices— autocorrelation 0.82, coefficient of variation 0.65, and standard deviation 0.58—indicative of accelerating degradation prior to this year. Furthermore, the intensity of NDVI changes varied significantly across the study area, ranging from 0.05 in central and northern regions to 0.76 in the western parts. This research underscores the value of integrating field data with remote sensing technology to provide a robust analytical tool for early detection of land degradation. This method enables precise, timely assessment and proactive management of vulnerable ecosystems, particularly in arid regions.
Investigating the technology of Short Period of Incubation During Storage (SPIDES) to mitigate damage caused by mechanical impact
Authors: Torma Timea Ágnes , Gaál Katalin Kovácsné
Published: August 2024

Transporting hatching eggs on plastic setter trays is common due to the reduction in packaging materials compared to paper trays, favouring sustainability. However, the plastic setter trays convey mechanical effects more strongly, negatively impacting eggshell integrity and blastoderm viability. On the other hand, Short Period of Incubation During Storage (SPIDES) proven to increase the liveability of the blastoderm, if applied at the right time. This experiment investigated the mitigating effects of SPIDES during modelled egg transport conditions on vibration machine. Data showed that moderate mechanical effects, simulated by a vibrating modelling machine, resulted in better hatchability of live embryos compared to setups where SPIDES was also applied.
Subjective complaints and evaluation of work posture on shredded tuna fish floss micro-industry worker
Authors: Stuti Cakrawidia , Aulia Imran Rani , Ramdhani Irin , Bakri Ilham , Mulyadi
Published: August 2024

SMEs have an important role in Parepare City’s economy and have great potential to be developed. However, this work system has potential hazards and health risks to its workers, one of them is postures. Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in many countries at any level of industry. The micro-industry has a higher potential risk related to the limitations of technology and equipment, so the production process is more familiar with human labor. UD Lela Mandiri is located in Parepare City, South Sulawesi. This study aims to identify workers’ subjective complaints and analyze work postures in the UD micro-scale food industry. Workers’ complaints were collected through interviews, survey, and the REBA to evaluate work posture. The respondents were four tuna-shredded workers, all women with an average age of 44.5 years and an average BMI of 39.0. The discomfort and pain felt by tuna-shredded workers are in the buttocks, back, shoulders, waist, upper arms, elbows, forearms, and hands. At the same time, the evaluation of work postures shows that 23 postures fall into the level 4 category where changes are needed, both in terms of work postures or using work aids to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders due to work.
Landslide zonation analysis with statistical weight of evidence approach, Paninggaran and surrounding area
Authors: Limanianto Muhammad Tidar , Zaenurrohman Januar Aziz , Permanajati Indra , Sunan Huzaely Latief
Published: August 2024

The study is being conducted in Paninggaran and the surrounding area in the Pekalongan, Central Java, district of Paninggaran. Nine villages are included in the research locations: Paninggaran, Domiyang, Lomeneng, Sawangan, Krandegan, Tenogo, Tanggeran, Bedagung, and Lambanggelun villages. Paninggaran and the surrounding area also have a landslide-like negative power. The lithology, slope rate, land usage, separation from the stream, height, slope direction, soil type, curvature, and stream density all impact this landslide. The process is WOE (Weight of Evidence). This method determines the parameter that influences landslide occurrence based on the latest data. In the validation, This method will observe the AUC curve (Area Under Curve) to determine the accuracy of the data model. Based on the result, the location was classified into four zonations, Very Low-Vulnerable Zone, Low-Vulnerable Zone, Medium-Vulnerable Zone, and High-Vulnerable Zone.
Morphotectonic of Citarik Watershed in Bandung Basin
Authors: Rohaendi Nendi , Sukiyah Emi , Muslim Dicky , Cipta Athanasius
Published: August 2024

The Citarik watershed which is located in the upstream Citarum watersheds in Bandung Basin. The development plan of Bandung basin comprises five administrative areas including Bandung city, Cimahi city, Bandung regency, West Bandung Regency, and Sumedang Regency. The development of Citarik watershed correlates with recent tectonic deformation which is important for natural hazard evaluation and land use planning. The purpose of study was undertaken to evaluate relative tectonic activity in Citarik watershed using DEM data and Geographic Information System technique analysis. The result of six geomorphic indexes are as follows asymmetry factors (Af) from 26.3 to 74.5, hypsometric integral (Hi) from 0.1 to 0.3, basin shape (Bs) from 1.70 to 5.60, valley floor width-to-height (Vf) from 0.78 to 2.73, mountain front sinuosity (Smf) from 1.25 to 1.82, and stream length gradient index (Sl) from 75 to 440. Using the weighing method, the six geomorphic indexes are calculated to define relative tectonic activity. The activity was classified into three classes such as high, moderate, and low. The research result will benefit how to develop of urban areas based on physical aspects, including geological and geomorphological aspects.
Tectonic control on dyke and sill intrusions of active tectonic margine, case study in Cilacap area, Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Widagdo Asmoro , Utama Hari Wiki , Waluyo Gentur , Permanajati Indra , Aditama Maulana Rizki , Trilaksono FX Anjar
Published: August 2024

Control of geological structures on the presence of dyke and sill intrusions in the Cilacap-Central Java area requires explanation. The research was conducted through a series of fieldwork. Field research is carried out by measuring geological structural elements such as rock layers, joints, faults and folds. Geological and cross-sectional maps provide information on the distribution of igneous rock intrusions in the study area. Fault analysis produces information on the stresses forming the geological structure in the study area. Thus the relationship between the distribution of igneous intrusion and the geological/tectonic structure that controls it can be known. The main stresses forming the structure in the study area are relatively in the north-south direction. This stress creates a fault trending west-east which then becomes a channel for dyke intrusion formation.
First evidence Jurassic-Cretaceous radiolaria in Menanga Formation, Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Widiatama Angga Jati , Santy Lauti Dwita , Nahar Rikza Nur Faqih An , Hendrawan Rezki Naufan , Natalia Happy Christin , Ogara Evan Rosyadi , Christi Dea Ananda Gita
Published: August 2024

Research on Menanga Formation in Lampung and surrounding areas is still limited, especially research on paleontology. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of radiolarian fossils in the Menanga Formation. Field observations were carried out at two site in Way Sabu, Pesawaran and Gunungkasih, Tanggamus, Lampung. Twelve samples were extracted from interbedded siltstone and claystone for radiolaria fossils. There were four samples that had radiolarian fossils. Radiolaria from genus Tetraditryma sp., Paronaella sp., Pantanellium sp., Holocryptocanium sp., Archaeocenosphaera sp., Napora sp., Sethocapsa sp., and Orbiculiforma sp. were found in the Menanga Formation indicate Jurassic to Cretaceous age. Based on radiolaria assemblage, Menanga Formation was probably positioned within a warm water current system in the low latitude Mesotethys. The exposed Menanga Formation caused by a collision between Woyla terrane and West Sumatra terrane that occurred in the Late Cretaceous.
The effectiveness of construction operation performance measurement techniques and the challenges of application in preventing delays in construction projects
Authors: Januardi Redityo , Nugroho Paulus Setyo , Mulyono Bagyo , Viqolbi Moammar
Published: August 2024

Measurement of the productivity of construction operations is one of the construction project control efforts that helps describe the condition of activities at the operating level at that time. If the existing productivity is not in accordance with the plan, then improvement efforts are needed. Productivity measurement can be done by work sampling, 5 minutes rating, cycle chart, process chart, crew balance chart, and MPDM. However, based on the preliminary survey, the use of this method is quite low. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the use of data collection techniques and analytical methods and identify the challenges of their application in the field. The method used in this study is a comparative analysis between output and implementation as well as interviews to several students who have been trained and apply productivity measurements on several occasions. The results of the effectiveness assessment show that the Chart and MPDM methods are effective in supporting efforts to prevent delays. The results of the identification of challenges show that data collection is easy to learn and apply in all methods, data analysis is easy to learn and apply in all methods except MPDM.
Making Assessment Real: Audrey Holland's Contributions to the Assessment of Aphasia and Cognitive-Communication Disorders in Clinical and Research Settings
Authors: Milman Lisa H. , Murray Laura L.
Published: August 2024

For half a century, Dr. Audrey Holland investigated, developed, and implemented ways to extend the assessment of adult language and cognitive-communication disorders beyond traditional impairment-based approaches. This article summarizes Dr. Holland's many groundbreaking contributions to assessment practices by describing and exemplifying major conceptual and measurement innovations that have emerged from her research of both formal and informal assessment techniques. Dr. Holland's assessment contributions encompass the development of many widely used measures of functional communication, discourse, and cognitive-communication abilities. She also contributed to the development of assessment principles that have become part of best-practice standards of care. Some of her most significant contributions include: Drawing attention to assessment within authentic functional contexts; highlighting connections between language, communication, related cognitive abilities, and broader aspects of health including quality of life; raising psychometric standards; and emphasizing the value of implementing multiple person-centered measurement techniques spanning formal and informal as well as quantitative and qualitative approaches. Dr. Holland's career-long commitment and contributions to developing more meaningful and authentic assessment practices have transformed our field and substantively elevated the quality of care and services that we are able to provide to all persons who are impacted by language and cognitive-communication disorders.
Foreign divestment: the missing piece in international business scholarship
Authors: Sethuram Shyamala , Gaur Ajai
Published: August 2024

As international business (IB) scholars seek to invigorate the field and steer it away from what some deem a “research coma” resulting from a narrowing scope, the significance of foreign divestment (FD) has once again been relegated amidst other pressing topics. We advocate for elevating FD to the same level of importance as foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite emerging a decade after seminal contributions on FDI, FD has suffered from a notable lack of attention in IB research and educational curricula. However, FD, like FDI, is a common practice among firms and is gaining prominence in light of recent disruptions such as geopolitical conflicts, economic decoupling, digital transformation, and growing skepticism towards globalization. We identify two main setbacks to overcome: the persistent view of FD as merely a misstep in firms' internationalization strategies, and its perception as a subordinate aspect within broader themes of internationalization, including emerging topics such as deglobalization and decoupling. As we elaborate in this commentary, delving into FD at a more granular level can uncover disruptive spillovers that require pushing the boundaries of extant theorizing in IB; neglecting FD leaves the field incomplete and hampers its ability to fully grasp the complexities of global business dynamics.