bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Near-Isogenic Lines Inoculated with Two Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, AH28 and PXO99A
Authors: Chen Pingli , Zhang Xing , Li Xiaogang , Sun Bingrui , Yu Hang , Liu Qing , Jiang Liqun , Mao Xingxue , Zhang Jing , Lv Shuwei , Fan Zhilan , Liu Wei , Chen Wenfeng , Li Chen
Published: November 2024

Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a major threat to rice production and food security. Exploring new resistance genes and developing varieties with broad-spectrum and high resistance has been a key focus in rice disease resistance research. In a preliminary study, rice cultivar Fan3, exhibiting high resistance to PXO99A and susceptibility to AH28, was developed by enhancing the resistance of Yuehesimiao (YHSM) to BB. This study performed a transcriptome analysis on the leaves of Fan3 and YHSM following inoculation with Xoo strains AH28 and PXO99A. The analysis revealed significant differential expression of 14,084 genes. Among the transcription factor (TF) families identified, bHLH, WRKY, and ERF were prominent, with notable differences in the expression of OsWRKY62, OsWRKY76, and OsbHLH6 across samples. Over 100 genes were directly linked to disease resistance, including nearly 30 NBS–LRR family genes. Additionally, 11 SWEET family protein genes, over 750 protein kinase genes, 63 peroxidase genes, and eight phenylalanine aminolysase genes were detected. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed significant enrichment in pathways related to defense response to bacteria and oxidative stress response. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Gene expression results from qRT-PCR were consistent with those from RNA-Seq, underscoring the reliability of the findings. Candidate genes identified in this study that may be resistant to BB, such as NBS–LRR family genes LOC_Os11g11960 and LOC_Os11g12350, SWEET family genes LOC_Os01g50460 and LOC_Os01g12130, and protein kinase-expressing genes LOC_Os01g66860 and LOC_Os02g57700, will provide a theoretical basis for further experiments. These results suggest that the immune response of rice to the two strains may be more concentrated in the early stage, and there are more up-regulated genes in the immune response of the high-resistant to PXO99A and medium-resistant to AH28, respectively, compared with the highly susceptible rice. This study offers a foundation for further research on resistance genes and the molecular mechanisms in Fan3 and YHSM.
Comparison of Productivity and Quality of Three Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars and Their Mixture in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization and Grass-Legume Mixtures
Authors: Šidlauskaitė Gintarė , Toleikienė Monika , Kadžiulienė Žydrė
Published: November 2024

We conducted a four-year cutting experiment on herbage yield, with three years focused on testing the effect of perennial ryegrass (PR) cultivars ‘Elena DS’, ‘Raminta’, and ‘Verseka’, along with a cultivar mixture and compositions with white clover (WC) and red clover (RC) diversity, on crude protein (CP), modified acid detergent fibre (MADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and dry matter digestibility (DMD) content. PR cultivars and cultivar mixtures were sown alone (N150), and the PR ‘Elena DS’ and PR cultivar mixtures were also sown with each WC, or WC and RC (N0). The average four-year herbage productivity was the lowest in PR ‘Elena DS’ the and cultivar mixture/WC, followed by all of the pure PR swards, and the highest in PR ‘Elena DS’ and the cultivar mixture/WC+RC; however, the PR ‘Elena DS’/WC+RC mixture had the highest legume proportion and CP content. There was less NDF but also WSC in swards with legumes, but higher CP content than in pure PR swards; however, the highest CP content was in mixtures with RC. Among the grasses, PR ‘Verseka’ had lower NDF contents and a higher WSC than PR ‘Elena DS’, ‘Raminta’, and the cultivar mixture. Overall, this study revealed significant differences in the productivity of PR cultivars with a potential yield difference of up to 1.7 t ha−1.
ND-FISH with New Oligo Probes for Chromosome Identification of Cichorium intybus Revealing Karyotypic Variation and Divergence of Asteraceae Species
Authors: Chen Meiling , Jiang Chengzhi , Huang Doudou , Zheng Zhiqiang , Yang Wenzhuo , Li Guangrong , Fu Chun , Liao Hong , Long Wencong , Yang Zujun , Yang Yaojun
Published: November 2024

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L., 2n = 18), belonging to the Asteraceae family, exhibits significant edible, medicinal, and pasture values. Moderate research has been performed on identifying Chicory species’ chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and C-banding. Detailed karyotype comparisons with chromosome nomenclature have not yet been performed for Chicory and similar species. In this study, the tandem repeats (TRs) were predicted and mapped to chromosomal regions based on released C. intybus L. ASM2352571 genome assembly v1, and then compared to the genome of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Nine new oligo probes were then developed and employed for karyotypic investigation of endive, Lettuce, and Chicory mitotic metaphase using non-denaturing FISH (ND-FISH). By combining the conserved oligo probes for 5S rDNA and 18S rDNA with the unique ND-FISH signals of new TR-oligo probes, we can develop a high-resolution standard karyotype for the cultivars of Lettuce and Chicory. The occurrence of chromosome structure variations from the natural population of Chicory and Lettuce was also revealed by ND-FISH with multiple oligo probes. The current observation of the karyotype differences and divergences of Lactuca and Cichorium and the genomic research offers crucial information about the Asteraceae family’s genetic diversity, chromosomal dynamics, and evolutionary routes.
Investigating the Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Bastnasite Grinding for Comminution Energy Reduction and Rare Earth Recovery
Authors: Asgari Kaveh , Huang Qingqing , Honaker Rick , Sabolsky Edward
Published: November 2024

This study explored the impact of microwave pretreatment on the grinding efficiency of bastnaesite ore using a stirred mill. Bastnaesite ore was prepared using a staged crushing and sieving process, followed by microwave pretreatment in a specially designed microwave furnace system. Representative samples of the crushed ore underwent stirred mill grinding, with power draw measurements recorded and adjusted to reflect only the specific energy input required for grinding. Particle size distribution was analyzed periodically using laser particle size analysis. In addition, a Box–Behnken design was used to statistically assess the effects of various parameters on the results, ensuring a robust analysis of the factors influencing energy consumption and particle size reduction. The findings reveal that microwave pretreatment significantly influenced specific energy and product P80, with SEM analyses showing increased microcracking and porosity and XRD analyses suggesting possible mineralogical alterations. This enhancement was also proved via statistical tools and analyses such as Design Expert software Ver. 13 and ANOVA. In summary, the research concludes with the following critical points: (1) Microwave pretreatment was found to reduce the energy consumption required for bastnaesite grinding by 27%. (2) Following pretreatment, bastnaesite achieved a 25% finer product size under identical grinding conditions. (3) Structural and compositional changes in bastnaesite after grinding were confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. (4) Based on these analyses, potential mechanisms for the observed energy savings and product size reductions have been suggested. Additionally, we have enhanced the Abstract to better highlight the methods used in the study. This investigation not only advances our understanding of microwave-assisted comminution but also opens avenues for future research on optimizing and implementing this technique in large-scale mining operations.
RETRACTED: Characterizing the Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Behavior in Deep Fractured Formations Based on DDM and FVM
Authors: Wang Bin , Dong Jingfeng , Zhou Peiyao , Kong Hui , Liu Kaixin , Ding Kebao , Zheng Heng
Published: November 2024

Hydraulic fracturing is the predominant technology for the development of unconventional resources, and understanding multi-fracture propagation behavior is the foundation for hydraulic fracturing optimization. To deeply understand multi-fracture propagation behavior in natural formations, this paper proposes a numerical simulation which considers the fluid-solid coupling process based on the displacement discontinuity method and the finite volume method. The simulation indicates that high stress difference and low approach angle are the main factors limiting the stimulated volume, while low stress difference and high approach angle are beneficial for creating modification zones. In addition, the natural fracture density also has a great effect on fracture propagation. With increasing natural fracture density, the stimulated volume also increases greatly, which plays a significant role in enhancing the SRA. These findings are critical in comprehending the impact of geological parameters on deep fractured shale reservoirs.
Optimization of Biodiesel–Nanoparticle Blends for Enhanced Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Reduction
Authors: Mikky Yasmeen A. , Bhran Ahmed A. , El-Araby Reham Y. , Mohamed Adel M. A. , Gadallah Abdelrahman G. , Shoaib Abeer M.
Published: November 2024

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel that represents a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source. Due to its complete carbon cycle, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. However, the use of biodiesel in diesel engines is associated with several challenges, including an increase in nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions, incompatibility with cold climates, and lower calorific value. By using nanoparticles as fuel additives, there is a potential to improve the properties of biodiesel and address its shortcomings. In this work, the characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil have been enhanced using nanoparticle additives, which result in the usage of a higher percentage of the biodiesel in diesel engines. Nanoparticles of cerium oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide have been investigated in different concentrations as biodiesel additives. Two mathematical models are introduced in this work and solved by LINGO optimization software (version 18); the first one seeks to predict the characteristics of biodiesel with nanoparticles in any blend of diesel–biodiesel–nanoparticles, while the second model aims to maximize the biodiesel ratio in a biodiesel–diesel–nanoparticles blend. The application of the combined two models aids in the selection of the optimal nanomaterial that improves the properties of biodiesel and permits an increase in the biodiesel mixing ratio in the fuel. The results show that the best nanoparticle type is cerium oxide at a concentration of 100 ppm, and the optimal mixing ratio of biodiesel blended with CeO2 nanoparticles is 24.892%. An unmodified diesel engine is operated and evaluated with the optimum blend (24.892% biodiesel + 75.108% petrol diesel + 100 ppm CeO2 nanoparticles). It is found that significant improvements in engine performance and emissions compared with the conventional diesel are achieved. The reductions in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), smoke opacity, and carbon monoxide emissions are 24%, 52%, and 30%, respectively.
The Gas Generation Process and Modeling of the Source Rock from the Yacheng Formation in the Yanan Depression, South China Sea
Authors: Yang Liu , Yan Gaoyuan , Wang Yang , Liu Yaoning , Chen Xiujie , Pan Tang , Zhang Hanyu
Published: November 2024

The research on deepwater oil and gas exploration areas is relatively limited, and sample collection is difficult. A drilled coal sample from Yanan Depression was used to investigate the hydrocarbon generation process, and the potential, by a gold tube thermal simulation experiment. The results show that the total gas yield was much higher than the oil yield. According to an analysis of the gas pyrolysis data, as represented by ln(C1/C2) and ln(C2/C3), the gas generation process consisted of two forms, namely, primary gas with ~1.33% Ro and secondary gas that occurred at levels greater than 1.33% Ro. The primary gas from kerogen was generated at ~1.33% Ro, which coincided with the %Ro value of the maximum oil yield. The activation energy distribution of the C1–C5 generation processes ranged from 54 to 72 kcal/mol, with a frequency factor of 6.686 × 1014 s−1 for the coal sample. We constructed the history of gas generation on the basis of the process and kinetic parameters, combined with data on the sedimentary burial and thermal history. The extrapolation of the gas history revealed that the gas has been generated from 5 Ma to the present, with a maximum yield of 178.5 mg/gTOC. This history suggests that the coal has good primary gas generation potential and provides favorable gas source conditions for the formation of gas fields. This study provides a favorable basis for expanding the effective source rock areas.
Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction and Prediction Based on Coherent S-Band Radar Using Condition Number Regularized Least Squares
Authors: Hu Zhongqian , Chen Zezong , Zhao Chen , Chen Xi
Published: November 2024

Coherent S-band radar is a remote sensing observation device with high spatial-temporal resolution and can be used to achieve deterministic sea wave reconstruction and prediction (DSWRP) technology. However, coherent S-band radar can observe nonlinear details of the sea surface due to its high resolution, which makes the propagation operator matrix an ill-conditioned overdetermined matrix. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a DSWRP scheme using condition number regularized least squares (CN-RLS) for coherent S-band radar. First, the space-time velocity information was obtained from the radar echo. Second, the CN-RLS method solved the phase-resolved model coefficients. Finally, the deterministic wave field was predicted according to the solved model coefficients. The proposed scheme was verified by simulation data and the real radar dataset observed by the coherent S-band wave-measuring radar onboard the ship XIANGYANGHONG-18 in the East China Sea in April 2024. The predicted wave elevation of the proposed method was compared with the wave elevation observed based on the X-band wave-measuring radar, and the root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) were 0.22 m and 0.76, respectively, which show that the proposed method could effectively implement the DSWRP technology.
A Compact Ultra-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Four-Port Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna for 5G Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Sharma Sanjeev , Sharma Vikas , Wadhwa Girish , Kumar Rajeev
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a compact design for a four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications covering the bands of n257/n258/n261. The MIMO design covers the frequency range of 24.25–29.5 GHz, with a wide bandwidth of 5.25 GHz. The element of the MIMO antenna structure uses a single circular patch with an inset feed, and, in order to improve the reflection coefficient (S11), a half-disk parasitic patch is positioned on top of the circular patch. Moreover, to fine-tune the antenna’s characteristics, two vertical stubs on the extreme ends of the ground plane are introduced. For this design, a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with ultra-thin thickness is used. After the optimization of the design, the four-port MIMO antenna attained a tiny size, with the dimensions 16.2 mm × 16.2 mm × 0.254 mm. In terms of the MIMO parameters, the ECC (Envelop Correlation coefficient) is less than 0.002 and the DG (Diversity Gain) is greater than 9.99 dB in the mentioned band, which are within the tolerance limits. Also, in spite of the very small size and the four-port configuration, the achieved isolation between the neighboring MIMO elements is less than −23.5 dB.
A Wireless Smart Adhesive Integrated with a Thin-Film Stretchable Inverted-F Antenna
Authors: Chhetry Ashok , Kim Hodam , Kim Yun Soung
Published: November 2024

In recent years, skin-mounted devices have gained prominence in personal wellness and remote patient care. However, the rigid components of many wearables often cause discomfort due to their mechanical mismatch with the skin. To address this, we extend the use of the solderable stretchable sensing system (S4) to develop a wireless skin temperature-sensing smart adhesive. This work introduces two novel types of progress in wearables: the first demonstration of Bluetooth-integration and development of a thin-film-based stretchable inverted-F antenna (SIFA). Characterized through RF simulations, vector network analysis under deformation, and anechoic chamber tests, SIFA demonstrated potential as a low-profile, on-body Bluetooth antenna with a resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz that helps S4 retain its thin overall profile. The final S4 system achieved high correlation (R = 0.95, p < 0.001, mean standard error = 0.04 °C) with commercial sensors during daily activities. These findings suggest that S4-based smart adhesives integrated with SIFAs could offer a promising platform for comfortable, efficient, and functional skin-integrated wearables, supporting a range of health monitoring applications.
A Fractal Curve-Inspired Framework for Enhanced Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Yuan Botao , Li Zhuang , Wang Heqi
Published: November 2024

The classification and recognition of features play a vital role in production and daily life; however, the current semantic segmentation of remote sensing images is hampered by background interference and other factors, leading to issues such as fuzzy boundary segmentation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel module for encoding and reconstructing multi-dimensional feature layers. Our approach first utilizes a bilinear interpolation method to downsample the multi-dimensional feature layer in the coding stage of the U-shaped framework. Subsequently, we incorporate a fractal curve module into the encoder, which aggregates points on feature maps from different layers, effectively grouping points from diverse regions. Finally, we introduce an aggregation layer that combines the upsampling method from the UNet series, employing the multi-scale censoring of multi-dimensional feature map outputs from various layers to efficiently capture both spatial and feature information. The experimental results across diverse scenarios demonstrate that our model achieves excellent performance in aggregating point information from feature maps, significantly enhancing semantic segmentation tasks.
Microbiota Status and Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review About Possible Correlations in Affected Versus Healthy Patients
Authors: Aquino Carmen Imma , Nicosia Anthony , Ligori Arianna , Volpicelli Agnese Immacolata , Surico Daniela
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: Microbiota could be related to tumorigenesis through the persistence of an inflammatory state, also at the endometrial level. Inflammation, in fact, is involved in the promotion of genetic instability and in a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth. One pathway could be the disruption of the epithelial/mucosal barrier, with the activation of cytokines. The microbiota also seem to favor other involved patterns, such as insulin resistance and increased adipose tissue. (2) Methods: The online search for this review was based on keywords such as “endometrial cancer” and “microbiota” on the main online scientific database. Our objective is a narrative up-to-date review of the current literature on gynecological microbiota; we analyze the possible correlations with known modifying and promoting oncological factors (i.e., Body Mass Index- BMI, menopause, pH), with particular attention to vaginal and uterine microorganisms respective to the development of endometrial cancer in comparison to healthy women. (3) Results: Various species and distributions of bacteria could be related to tumorigenesis and induce alterations in cell signaling and cycle pathways, including those in the gynecological field. (4) Conclusions: In the literature, the different composition of uterine and vaginal microbiota has been analyzed in the past years, and their diversity and actions seem to correlate with possible oncological effects.
Cultural Practices and Constitutional Rights in Widowhood: Lived Experiences of Black Widowed Women in Makapanstad Village in South Africa
Authors: Matlabe-Danke Sizakele
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to examine the various cultural practices that apply to widows vis à vis their constitutional rights. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as the constitution) outlines inalienable human rights that do not prescribe their attainment requirements. This paper is part of a more extensive study conducted in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The research tools were piloted in Makapan village. The aim of this paper is to explain how cultural practices interact with constitutional rights and affect the lives of Black widows in Makapanstad village. The objective of the study is to describe the intersections in widowhood cultural practices, which are often not aligned with the constitution of South Africa. Qualitative research was used. Three widows were sampled in this paper. The research question that is addressed by this paper is the following: “What cultural processes in widowhood are still practiced by the community of Makapanstad that can be analyzed in line with the constitutional imperatives for the South African context?” The intersectionality theory was used in this study. Findings reveal that widowhood rites are gendered. Some Black cultural practices are embedded in culture and religion, and they undermine the constitution and human rights of widowed women.
Electromobility and Energy Transition in Cuba
Authors: Castro Fernández Miguel , Vilaragut Llanes Miriam , Hernandez Jesus C.
Published: November 2024

The large-scale introduction of renewable energy, replacing fossil fuels, is presented as an essential part of the energy transition; this substitution is being observed in electrical systems, but its introduction will also be necessary in other sectors, such as transportation, either by incorporating renewable energy sources in the sector’s facilities, including automotive service centers, or through the electrification of transportation technology. The introduction of electromobility in a country is associated with a group of technologies that are required to make this introduction viable, such as electric vehicles themselves, charging stations and workshops for the repair and maintenance of this technology. Taking the above as a point of reference, this article addresses the basic elements of a proposal for an energy transition in the transport sector, identifying the limitations and barriers existing in the country for the introduction of electric mobility and, finally, arriving at a roadmap proposal to achieve the required synergy between energy transition and electromobility.
Environmental Teaching Supported by Web 2.0-Based Digital Games for a Sustainable Life
Authors: Arslan Kevser , Karakuş Neslihan
Published: November 2024

Students’ ability to exhibit positive behavior towards their environment plays a major role in building a sustainable world in the future. It is important to offer students, who are the subjects of the digital age, a more interactive and customized technology-focused learning experience. This study aims to reveal how environmental education supported by digital games affects middle school students’ knowledge, environmentally responsible behaviors, and levels of digital literacy for a sustainable life. The participants in the research comprised 54 students studying at the fifth-grade level of secondary school. The research was conducted with a pre-test–post-test control group quasi-experimental design, which was one of the quantitative research methods. In the research, environmental education based on digital games created with Web 2.0 tools was carried out. Study data were collected through an environmental knowledge test, an environmentally responsible citizen behavior scale, and a digital literacy scale. Study data were analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis using a statistical program. The research results revealed that environmental education supported by digital games is effective. It was determined that students’ knowledge level, environmental behavior, and digital literacy scores increased. Based on the research results, it is recommended that digital games be used to achieve more qualified learning.
Exploring Spatial Differentiation in Cultural Urban Land Use in China’s Ancient and Emerging Cities: A Comparative Case Study of Xi’an and Shenzhen
Authors: Zhao Ziliang , Li Xiaolong , Liu Yaya , Yang Lingfan , Liu Meng
Published: November 2024

With the rapid urbanization of China in recent years, urban development has entered a new stage that focuses on improving the quality of growth. During this process, the excessive emphasis on economic growth and the neglect of spiritual and cultural aspects have led to various issues, such as cultural homogenization and urban identity crises. This study examined the development patterns behind this phenomenon by focusing on land specifically designated for urban cultural functions. Through the lens of cultural urban land use (CULU), a comparative study was conducted between the ancient city of Xi’an and the emerging city of Shenzhen. The study collected and processed point of interest (POI) and area of interest (AOI) data from both Xi’an and Shenzhen and analyzed the spatial characteristics of CULU using quantitative statistical methods. The analysis revealed multidimensional differentiation between the two cities in terms of value characteristics, historical characteristics, functional characteristics, and social consensus characteristics. Furthermore, the study applied the Spatial Circle Layer model (SCL) to analyze the spatial distribution differences in these characteristics between Xi’an and Shenzhen and identified key factors influencing these characteristics, such as the “formation and spatial distribution of key CULU” and the “historical continuity of urban space”. These findings were synthesized into the “anchoring–layering mechanism”. Our research explores why land designated for urban cultural functions exhibits different patterns in different cities, providing effective theoretical support for the planning and construction of such land in future urban development.
Digitalisation of Railway Tunnels for Climate Change Adaptation and Enhanced Asset Circularity
Authors: Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Rosli Harris , Fan Chen-Wei , Pesta Jan , Fohl François
Published: November 2024

The climate change adaptation strategies for the railway tunnels project are managed by digital multidisciplinary coordination, or Building Information Modelling (BIM), and the case study is focused on the Taipei Metro (MT) Tamsui–Xinyi Line in Taiwan for the railway tunnel analysis. With increasing climate change impacts (such as flooding, earthquakes, extreme temperature, sea level rise, etc.) on railway infrastructure, BIM offers a transformative approach to enhance resilience. This research integrated six BIM dimensions (2D & 3D models, visualisation, scheduling, cost estimation, and sustainability), involved additional material information with Ansys Granta EduPack v.2021 to measure the expenditure of materials and the carbon footprint, and further applied them to propose adaptation measures for the chosen railway tunnel. This study aims to enhance actions to adapt and mitigate climate change effects on railway tunnels, thereby analysing the negative impact of weather hazards. The climate change adaptation strategies are determined based on the case study, and the integration of expenditure, planning, and greenhouse gas emissions is assessed by implementing BIM. AutoCAD Revit v.2021 and Navisworks 19.4 are the virtual simulation tools for design coordination and scheduling for climate risk assessments. The results demonstrate the feasibility of BIM in managing adaptation projects and enhancing asset circularity at the end of life, showcasing its potential for improving efficiency. This study is the world’s first to contribute to enhancing infrastructure management by implementing the advanced capabilities of BIM to develop detailed resilience strategies for railway tunnels.
Highlighting Sustainability Criteria in Residual Biomass Supply Chains: A Dynamic Simulation Approach
Authors: Chidozie Bernardine , Ramos Ana , Vasconcelos José , Ferreira Luis Pinto , Gomes Reinaldo
Published: November 2024

As environmental sustainability gains importance, enhancing supply chains to minimize environmental hazards is essential, particularly in industries using residual biomass. This study tackles this by investigating the integration of sustainability criteria into supply chain optimization for a biomass energy company in Portugal, using a combination of simulation modeling through anyLogistix software (version: 2.15.3.202209061204) and multi-criteria decision-making. Four supply chain scenarios were designed and simulated, differing in their number of distribution centers, the adoption of green logistics, and split-by-ratio distribution strategies over a 305-day period. Through the weighted sum model, Scenario C emerged as the optimal configuration, achieving a balance between operational efficiency and sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions by up to 90% and lowering transportation costs without compromising revenue. Sensitivity analysis further highlighted the trade-offs between cost efficiency, lead times, and environmental impact, showing that the strategic placement of distribution centers and the use of eco-friendly vehicles significantly improve the sustainability of the biomass supply chain. These findings provide practical insights for decision-makers, demonstrating how digital modeling tools can enhance supply chain management by optimizing environmental and operational goals simultaneously. This research contributes to the fields of sustainable logistics and supply chain management by validating the effectiveness of green logistics strategies and multi-criteria decision-making approaches in reducing environmental impact while maintaining economic viability.
The Impact of Immersive Technology in Museums on Visitors’ Behavioral Intention
Authors: Liu Qing , Sutunyarak Chonlavit
Published: November 2024

Museums are precious carriers of human civilization and history as well as important places for cultural inheritance and education. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, museums are now facing the challenge of enhancing visitors’ experiences. The use of immersive technology in museums can blur the real and virtual worlds to offer visitors a unique experience. Based on the TAM and flow theory, this study analyzes the influence of immersion technology in museums on visitors’ behavioral intention. The results of the study show that, according to the TAM, the perceived usefulness and ease of use of immersive technologies in museums affect visitors’ attitudes and satisfaction. Similarly, perceived enjoyment and concentration, as described in the flow theory, also influence these attitudes and satisfaction levels. Additionally, visitors’ attitudes and satisfaction with immersive technologies impact their behavioral intentions. The findings are instructive for museums to enhance visitor experience and promote sustainable museum development.
Designing a Framework to Support Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Sustainable Public Facility Location: Insights from Centro Hospitalar Oeste, Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Jorge , Gonçalves Carlos , Barroso Sérgio , Spolaor Sílvia , Calado Liliana , Vieira Sónia
Published: November 2024

Finding the optimal location for regional public facilities has historically been a challenge. Numerous studies have sought to find the best solutions, yet few of them provided a framework to incorporate criteria and indicators that look beyond spatial dimensions, aiming at a more sustainable solution fostering economic development, territorial efficiency, environmental sensitivity and, of course, social justice. This research is based on the issues raised by the implementation of the new Centro Hospitalar Oeste (CHO) in Portugal, which has been extensively evaluated in the decision-making process for many years. Recognising that location decisions involve more than spatial concerns, this article proposes the identification of criteria and indicators that integrate social, economic and territorial perspectives to support the construction of a decision-making model based on sustainability principles. A four-phase, sixteen-stage multiple-criteria methodology is proposed to build a technical instrument for overcoming political conflicts and ensuring efficient, rational and participatory processes for public investment allocation. This article offers evidence from a real spatial planning issue to provide a useful framework to promote a more significant and comprehensive social and economic impact of the public investment made in a regional-level facility. This framework helps to determine the fundamental criteria of evaluation and operationalise sustainable and balanced models for the location of public facilities that take into consideration an integrated territorial approach. The methodology presented is open and flexible so that it can be applied and adapted to different contexts and facilities.
Piecewise Neural Network Method for Solving Large Interval Solutions to Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Han Dongpeng , Temuer Chaolu
Published: November 2024

Traditional numerical methods often provide local solutions for initial value problems of differential equations, even though these problems may have solutions over larger intervals. Current neural network algorithms and deep learning methods also struggle to ensure solutions across these broader intervals. This paper introduces a novel approach employing piecewise neural networks to address this issue. The method involves dividing the solution interval into smaller segments and utilizing neural networks with a uniform structure to solve sub-problems within each segment. These solutions are then combined to form a piecewise expression representing the overall solution. The approach guarantees continuous differentiability of the obtained solution over the entire interval, except for finite end points of those sub-intervals.To enhance accuracy, parameter transfer and multiple rounds of pre-training are employed. Importantly, this method maintains a consistent network size and training data scale across sub-domains, unlike existing neural network algorithms. Numerical experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Double Gold/Nitrogen Nanosecond-Laser-Doping of Gold-Coated Silicon Wafer Surfaces in Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Kudryashov Sergey , Nastulyavichus Alena , Pryakhina Victoria , Ulturgasheva Evgenia , Kovalev Michael , Podlesnykh Ivan , Stsepuro Nikita , Shakhnov Vadim
Published: November 2024

A novel double-impurity doping process for silicon (Si) surfaces was developed, utilizing nanosecond-laser melting of an 11 nm thick gold (Au) top film and a Si wafer substrate in a laser plasma-activated liquid nitrogen (LN) environment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fluence- and exposure-independent surface micro-spike topography, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified minor Au (~0.05 at. %) and major N (~1–2 at. %) dopants localized within a 0.5 μm thick surface layer and the slight surface post-oxidation of the micro-relief (oxygen (O), ~1.5–2.5 at. %). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to identify the bound surface (SiNx) and bulk doping chemical states of the introduced nitrogen (~10 at. %) and the metallic (<0.01 at. %) and cluster (<0.1 at. %) forms of the gold dopant, and it was used to evaluate their depth distributions, which were strongly affected by the competition between gold dopants due to their marginal local concentrations and the other more abundant dopants (N, O). In this study, 532 nm Raman microspectroscopy indicated a slight reduction in the crystalline order revealed in the second-order Si phonon band; the tensile stresses or nanoscale dimensions of the resolidified Si nano-crystallites envisioned by the main Si optical–phonon peak; a negligible a-Si abundance; and a low-wavenumber peak of the Si3N4 structure. In contrast, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance and transmittance studies exhibited only broad structureless absorption bands in the range of 600–5500 cm−1 related to dopant absorption and light trapping in the surface micro-relief. The room-temperature electrical characteristics of the laser double-doped Si layer—a high carrier mobility of 1050 cm2/Vs and background carrier sheet concentration of ~2 × 1010 cm−2 (bulk concentration ~1014–1015 cm−3)—are superior to previously reported parameters of similar nitrogen-implanted/annealed Si samples. This novel facile double-element laser-doping procedure paves the way to local maskless on-demand introductions of multiple intra-gap intermediate donor and acceptor bands in Si, providing related multi-wavelength IR photoconductivity for optoelectronic applications.
Organophosphate Esters and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Vehicle Dust: Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Wang Junji , Lin Jianzai , Zhang Xi , Zeng Qinghong , Zhu Zhu , Zhao Siyuan , Cao Deyan , Zhu Meilin
Published: November 2024

Background: The primary flame retardants in vehicles, organophosphates (OPEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), volatilize and accumulate in the enclosed vehicle environment, posing potential health risks. Amidst the rising number of vehicles, the scrutiny of persistent organic pollutants like OPEs and PBDEs in vehicles is increasing. This study investigates occupational and nonoccupational population exposure to specific OPEs (TnBP, TBOEP, TEHP, TCEP, TCiPP, TDCiPP, TPhP, EHDPP) and PBDEs (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, BDE-209) in vehicle dust. Methods: Data on OPEs and PBDEs in vehicle dust were sourced from PubMed and Web of Science. We applied PCA and PMF to identify pollutant sources and assessed health risks using the hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) methods. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for uncertainty analysis, evaluating variable contributions to the results. Results: The predominant OPE in dust samples was TDCiPP (mean value: 4.34 × 104 ng g−1), and the main PBDE was BDE-209 (mean value: 1.52 × 104 ng g−1). Potential sources of OPEs in vehicle dust include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) upholstery, polyurethane foam (PUF) seats, electronics, carpet wear, hydraulic oil, and plastic wear in the brake system. PBDE sources likely include automotive parts, PVC upholstery, seats, carpets, and electronics. The 90th percentile HI and CR values for occupational and nonoccupational populations exposed to OPEs and PBDEs indicate that the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks are relatively low. A sensitivity analysis showed that the pollutant concentration, time in the vehicle, exposure frequency, and duration significantly influence health risks. Conclusions: The health risks to both occupational and nonoccupational populations from exposure to OPEs and PBDEs in vehicle dust are relatively low.
Mapping Perception: Analyzing Mental Representations of Urban Space in Timișoara, Romania
Authors: Triponescu Andreea , Dragan Alexandru , Crețan Remus
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have demonstrated the significance of mental maps in facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals perceive and mentally represent physical spaces. It is of great importance to consider discrepancies between real and perceived environments when utilising mental maps as instruments. The objective of this paper is to examine the mental representations of Timișoara, Romania in order to identify the spatial elements (neighbourhoods, streets, landmarks, urban symbols) that are particularly salient in the respondents’ mental representations of the city. A total of 559 mental maps were conducted using GIS and quantitative methods to indicate the perceived spatial elements. The findings suggest that spatial perception is influenced by certain dimensions connected to respondents’ socio-demographic features. The findings also indicate that peripheral areas of the city are perceived as lacking memorability and attractiveness, confirming that these neighbourhoods do not fulfil the necessary functions of an urban space. It can be concluded that mental mapping serves as an efficient approach to the analysis of community–space relationships. The implications of this study are valuable for any stakeholders with activities in the city of Timisoara and contribute to sustainable, qualitative, and community-based urban planning.
Longitudinal Analysis of Binding Antibody Levels Against 39 Human Adenovirus Types in Sera from 60 Regular Blood Donors from Greifswald, Germany, over 5 Years from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Aurich Konstanze , Zhang Wenli , Ehrhardt Anja , Greinacher Andreas , Bayer Wibke
Published: November 2024

Adenoviruses are important human pathogens that are widespread and mainly associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In a previous study on human adenovirus (HAdV) seroprevalence, we observed reduced binding antibody levels against a range of HAdV types in sera collected from students in 2021 compared to sera collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this follow-up study, we wanted to verify this observation in a cohort of regular blood donors for whom serial samples were available. Therefore, HAdV-specific binding antibody levels were analyzed in sera collected over a 5-year period from 2018 to 2022 in a cohort of 60 regular donors to the blood bank of the University Hospital in Greifswald, Germany. Using ELISA-based assays, we quantified the binding antibody responses against 39 HAdV types. On the cohort level, we found largely stable antibody levels over the analyzed time period, with the highest antibody responses against HAdV-C1, -D25, -D26, -E4, -D10, -D27, -C5, -D75, -C2, and -C6. Only minor but significant reductions in comparison to the first serum samples from 2018 were detected for antibody levels in 2021 and 2022 against the low-prevalent types HAdV-A31, -D8, -D20, -D37, -D65, and -D69. On the other hand, we detected fluctuations in antibody levels on the individual level, with strong increases in antibody levels indicative of novel antigen contact. Interestingly, we frequently found simultaneous changes in antibody responses against multiple HAdV types, resulting in strong correlations of antibody responses against distinct clusters of HAdVs suggesting extensive cross-reactivity of HAdV-specific antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first study of antibodies against a broad range of HAdV types in serum samples collected from a cohort of individuals over a prolonged period, and our data provide important insight into the long-term stability of HAdV-specific antibody levels. In this cohort of regular blood donors, we did not observe any major impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on HAdV immunity. Correlations of changes in antibody levels against different types indicate cross-reactivity of HAdV-specific antibodies that are important to consider for HAdV vector development. Our data also reveal possible candidates for future development of HAdV-based vectors.
Does Tobacco Smoking Affect Vaccine-Induced Immune Response? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Valeriani Federica , Protano Carmela , Pozzoli Angela , Vitale Katia , Liguori Fabrizio , Liguori Giorgio , Gallè Francesca
Published: November 2024

Background. Causing approximately 8 million deaths each year, tobacco smoking represents a significant public health concern. Evidence shows that smoking significantly impairs antibody production and immune cell activity following vaccination. Objectives. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding how smoking reduces the effectiveness of active immunization by affecting vaccine-induced immune response. Methods. This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (ID: CRD42024582638). PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were consulted as bibliographic and citation databases. Studies published in Italian and English and that aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to active and passive tobacco smoking on vaccine-induced immune response were included. Results. Thirty-four studies were selected. Overall, a decrease in antibody levels and avidity and in immune cell production were observed in individuals exposed to smoke. The meta-analysis showed a weighted mean difference between smokers and non-smokers equal to 0.65 (95% CI: 0.10–1.19, p = 0.02) for vaccinations against COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcus, HBV, HPV, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilus influenzae type b, measles–mumps–rubella, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Conclusions. Smoking cessation campaigns should be considered in order to increase the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Furthermore, the opportunity to adopt different vaccine dosing schemes for smokers and non-smokers, especially in acute epidemics, should be considered.
Research on the Synchronization Control Strategy of Regenerative Braking of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles
Authors: He Ren , Xie Yukun
Published: November 2024

To solve the problem of asynchronous speed between the coaxial in-wheel motors of distributed drive electric vehicle caused by changes in the road surface, load, and other factors during the regenerative braking of the vehicle, which may result in a yaw motion of the vehicle and a reduction in vehicle stability, a synchronization control strategy of regenerative braking for distributed drive electric vehicles is proposed. Firstly, a ring-coupled synchronous control strategy with the current compensation module is designed. Then, the speed controller of a permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor and a compensation controller of synchronous control are designed based on the non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control. Combining this with the regenerative braking control strategy, a regenerative braking synchronization control strategy is designed. The simulation results show that compared with the existing synchronization control strategy, the designed new ring-coupled synchronization control strategy can improve the speed synchronization performance between the motors after the disturbance. Moreover, compared with the conventional regenerative braking control strategy, the regenerative braking synchronization control strategy can reduce the speed synchronization error between the motors during the regenerative braking process, so as to improve the synchronization and output stability of the motors during the braking process.