bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Lithium Carbonate Prices in China Applying a VMD–SSA–LSTM Combined Model
Authors: Wang Wenyi , Liu Haifei , Jiang Lin , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

Given the highly nonlinear and unstable characteristics of lithium carbonate prices in China’s lithium battery industry chain, the accuracy of a single prediction model is limited. This study introduces the prices of related materials in the lithium battery industry and macro-environmental indicators as key influencing factors. This study utilizes Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) to further develop the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, resulting in a VMD–SSA–LSTM combination model for predicting lithium carbonate pricing. The research results indicate that (1) using the VMD to decompose the time series of the original lithium carbonate prices can accurately extract the core features of the prices and significantly weaken the instability of the data; (2) by leveraging SSA to perform global optimization on the three parameters of the LSTM model and fitting the optimal parameters into the LSTM network, the generalization ability and robustness of the model are enhanced; (3) on the lithium carbonate dataset, the VMD–SSA–LSTM model outperforms the typical LSTM and VMD–LSTM models, achieving the lowest prediction error and a goodness-of-fit (R2) of 0.9880, demonstrating a higher prediction accuracy for lithium carbonate prices. This study presents more precise benchmarks for resource optimization and price decisions in the lithium carbonate industry.
Correction: Karayannis et al. Screening of New Industrially Important Bacterial Strains for 1,3-Propanediol, 2,3-Butanediol and Ethanol Production through Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol Fermentations. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1424
Authors: Karayannis Dimitris , Vasilakis Gabriel , Charisteidis Ioannis , Litinas Alexandros , Manolopoulou Eugenia , Tsakalidou Effie , Papanikolaou Seraphim
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
All-Quartz Integrated Lens Antenna for Surface Wave Loss Reduction
Authors: Zhao Haoran , Wang Qi , Yue Wen , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

This work proposes an all-quartz integrated lens antenna for the first time. The antenna feed and lens materials are both made of quartz. The antenna is designed to work at 26 GHz and has the advantages of small size and reduced surface wave loss. Two antennas, a hemispheric lens and an extended hemispheric lens, are demonstrated. The hemispheric lens has an area of 30 × 30 mm2 and a height of 16 mm, while the extended hemispheric lens, with the same area, has a height of 26 mm. The measured peak gain of the extended hemispheric integrated lens antenna is 15.49 dBi, and the simulated peak gain is 17.68 dBi. The electric-field distribution was analyzed, and two hemispheric lens and extended hemispheric lens antennas of the same size were designed on PCB substrate for comparative analysis. The measured results validate the impact of the surface wave effect on the gain of the lens antenna proposed in this study.
Distributions and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metals in Soils from Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, China
Authors: Liu Zijia , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Yuanyuan , Wen Yubo
Published: February 2025

Heavy metal pollution in surface soils poses significant environmental and health risks, yet the factors driving its spatial distribution remain poorly understood in certain regions. This study investigates the distribution and key influencing factors of heavy metal contamination in surface soils across Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. This study analyzed the chemical compositions of 449 soil samples from the study area. Descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, and the random forest (RF) method were employed to identify the key factors affecting the distribution and migration of heavy metals in soils. According to the national standards for soil risk screening values, cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were identified as the most heavily contaminated heavy metals in the study area. The average concentrations of Cd and Hg were 2.38 and 2.32 times higher than the provincial soil background values, respectively. A substantial proportion of samples exceeded the risk screening thresholds established for agricultural land. Key factors influencing the distribution of heavy metals in surface soils include soil iron oxides, pH, total organic carbon (Corg.), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and weathering intensity, as represented by the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA). By integrating advanced data analysis techniques, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms governing heavy metal pollution in soils, offering a foundation for targeted soil management and pollution mitigation strategies.
A Review of Measurement and Characterization of Film Layers of Perovskite Solar Cells by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Ma Liyuan , Xu Xipeng , Cui Changcai , Li Tukun , Lou Shan , Scott Paul J. , Jiang Xiangqian , Zeng Wenhan
Published: February 2025

This article aims to complete a review of current literature describing the measurement and characterization of photoelectric and geometric properties of perovskite solar cell (PSC) film layer materials using the spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurement technique. Firstly, the influence of film quality on the performance of PSCs is combed and analyzed. Secondly, SE measurement technology is systematically introduced, including the measurement principle and data analysis. Thirdly, a detailed summary is provided regarding the characterization of the geometric and optoelectronic properties of the substrate, electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite layer, hole transport layer (HTL), and metal electrode layer using SE. The oscillator models commonly used in fitting film layer materials in PSCs are comprehensively summarized. Fourthly, the application of SE combined with various measurement techniques to assess the properties of film layer materials in PSCs is presented. Finally, the noteworthy direction of SE measurement technology in the development of PSCs is discussed. The review serves as a valuable reference for further enhancing the application of SE in PSCs, ultimately contributing to the commercialization of PSCs.
Magnetic Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery Systems for Anti-Cancer Applications: A Review
Authors: Graham Willem , Torbett-Dougherty McKayla , Islam Akm , Soleimani Shokoufeh , Bruce-Tagoe Tracy Ann , Johnson Jacqueline Ann
Published: February 2025

Cancer continues to be a prominent fatal health issue worldwide, driving the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. The pressing demand has sparked significant interest in the development of advanced drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics. The advent of nanotechnology offers a groundbreaking approach, presenting a promising pathway to revolutionize cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes. Nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated the capability of improving the pharmacokinetic properties and accumulation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer sites while minimizing the adverse side effects. Despite these advantages, most NDDSs exhibit only limited improvement in cancer treatment during clinical trials. The recent development of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications has revealed a potential opportunity to further enhance the performance of NDDSs. The magnetic properties of MNPs can be utilized to increase the targeting capabilities of NDDSs, improve the controlled release of chemotherapeutic agents, and weaken the chemoresistance of tumors with magnetic hyperthermia. In this review, we will explore recent advancements in research for NDDSs for oncology applications, how MNPs and their properties can augment the capabilities of NDDSs when complexed with them and emphasize the challenges and safety concerns of incorporating these systems into cancer treatment.
Chemosensory Impairments and Their Impact on Nutrition in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Alia Sonila , Andrenelli Elisa , Di Paolo Alice , Membrino Valentina , Mazzanti Laura , Capecci Marianna , Vignini Arianna , Fabri Mara , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by heterogeneous symptomatology, in which the classical motor features of Parkinsonism are associated with clinically significant non-motor symptoms. Olfactory alteration, as a manifestation of PD’s premotor or prodromal phase, is well known. These impairments can lead to malnutrition, decreased appetite, and depression, thereby worsening patients’ quality of life. However, only a few studies clarify the mechanisms, characteristics, and clinical diagnostic and therapeutic implications of impaired taste perception. Moreover, unlike most motor features of PD, non-motor symptoms often have limited treatment options or responses. The purpose of this review is to collate and describe all relevant studies on taste and smell alterations in patients with PD and how these alterations could affect nutritional status. Our search aimed to identify English-language research articles and reviews published in peer-reviewed journals over the past two decades (2004–2024), while also including older foundational studies when relevant. Several studies show that hyposmia in PD worsens over time, potentially linked to structural changes in the brain’s basal ganglia and piriform cortex. Severe hyposmia is also associated with a higher risk of dementia in PD patients and can negatively influence quality of life, affecting social interactions and nutrition. Regarding taste perception, recent studies have suggested that hypogeusia may occur even in the prodromal stage of PD, such as in patients with REM sleep disorder, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Additionally, research has explored the role of bitter taste receptors and their possible involvement in inflammation and α-synuclein misfolding, suggesting a link between taste dysfunction and immune system changes in PD. Attention was then focused on the gut microbiota’s link to the central nervous system and its contribution to gustatory dysfunctions, as well as how the nasal microbiome influences PD progression by altering the olfactory system. Nowadays, the primary role of a correct diet in the overall treatment of PD patients is becoming increasingly important for practitioners. Diet should be included among the available aids to counteract some aspects of the pathology itself. For all these reasons, it is also crucial to determine whether these chemosensory impairments could serve as disease markers, helping to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
A Randomized Phase II/III Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of 100 and 125 µg of Calcifediol Weekly Treatment of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Pérez-Castrillón Jose Luis , Jódar-Gimeno Esteban , Nociar Ján , Lojka Michal , Nikolov Dimitar , Cereto-Castro Fernando , Novković Snežana , Tarantino Umberto , Mehsen-Cetre Nadia , Arranz Paula , Martínez Ostalé Cristina , García-Bea Aintzane , Gilaberte Inmaculada
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Given the crucial health benefits of vitamin D, addressing severe deficiencies is a pressing medical concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two new weekly doses of calcifediol (100 µg and 125 µg) for long-term management in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, defined as plasma 25(OH)D levels ≤10 ng/mL. Methods: This study was a randomized, two-cohort, controlled, double-blind, multicentre phase II–III trial. Subjects were randomized 2:2:1 to weekly calcifediol 100 µg, 125 µg or a placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving plasma 25(OH)D levels of ≥20 ng/mL and/or ≥30 ng/mL by week 16. Results: A total of 276 patients (mean age: 55.2 years, SD 15.42) were randomized. By week 16, 92.3% and 91.8% of patients in the calcifediol 100 µg and 125 µg groups, respectively, reached ≥20 ng/mL, compared to 7.3% in the placebo group. Levels of ≥30 ng/mL were achieved by 49% (100 µg) and 76.4% (125 µg) of participants, with none in the placebo group. Calcifediol demonstrated superior efficacy at all response levels and time points (p < 0.0001). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations increased by week 24 and remained stable. The incidence of adverse events was comparable across groups. Conclusions: A weekly calcifediol dose of 100 µg demonstrates the best profile of efficacy and tolerability, providing a reliable solution for achieving and maintaining adequate vitamin D levels in patients with severe deficiency.
Efficacy of Fiber-Enriched Versus Fiber-Free Enteral Feeds on Bowel Function of Non-Critically Ill Tube-Fed Adult Patients in Saudi Arabia—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abolfotouh Mostafa A. , Alolayan Rawan A. , Binhusain Heba , Alsayegh Abdulrahman , Al Babtain Ibrahim T.
Published: February 2025

Background: There is controversy regarding whether using fiber-enriched formula affects the incidence of diarrhea among enterally fed patients in our setting. Also, there is a lack of clinical studies about enterally fed patients’ tolerance for feeding and the incidence of diarrhea among patients in the Middle East. This study aimed to assess fiber enrichment’s efficacy in reducing post-enteral feeding bowel intolerance in non-critically ill patients. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 55 fiber-free (FF) and 119 fiber-enriched (FE) tube-fed adult patients admitted for five or more days with medical or surgical conditions. Data on patients’ demographics, antibiotics and laxative medications, and gastrointestinal complications were collected. Absolute risk reduction (ARR), relative risk reduction (RRR), and relative risks (RR) were calculated to assess the efficacy of fiber enrichment in reducing post-enteral feeding bowel intolerance. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The rate of diarrhea dropped from 54.5% for FF to 29% for FE groups, with an ARR of 25.1% (95% CI 24.6–25.6, p < 0.001) and an RRR of 64.1%, and RR was 0.54, reflecting a reduction in the rate of diarrhea by 46% after fiber enrichment. The rate of significant weight loss dropped from 45.5% without enrichment to only 26.9% with enrichment, with an ARR of 18.6% (95% CI: 18.0–19.2, p < 0.001) and RRR of 40.9%, and RR was 0.59, reflecting a 41% reduction in significant weight loss after fiber enrichment. After adjusting for some potential confounders, FF formula was a significant predictor of diarrhea (OR = 3.04, 95% CI 1.49–6.19, p = 0.002) and significant weight loss (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.16–4.84, p = 0.018) in tube feeding, while antibiotic intake was also a significant predictor of only diarrhea (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.12–6.38, p = 0.026). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of fiber supplementation in minimizing diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving tube feeding. Antibiotic usage must be scrutinized and stopped if possible. Overall, the study provides compelling evidence supporting fiber-enriched enteral feeding, though further discussion on potential confounders and clinical applications would enhance its impact. Further, well-designed RCTs are needed to prove the efficacy of fiber-enriched feeds used in enteral tube feeding in non-critically ill patients.
Association of Myo-Inositol and Microlipodispersed Magnesium in Androgen-Dependent Dermatological Diseases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pezza Michele , Carlomagno Valentina , Sammarco Elena , Trischitta Antonino , Ceddia Carla , Vitiello Amalia , Baj Germano , Citi Valentina , Colletti Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Background: Acne is a pathology of the pilosebaceous unit. It is characterized by a highly complex etiopathology which includes inflammation, hyperkeratinization, increased sebum production, colonization of Cutibacterium acne, hyperandrogenemia, and hyperinsulinemia. This condition, together with hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, and acanthosis nigricans, are highly prevalent cutaneous manifestations of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). While conventional therapies represent effective treatment options, they are not free from side effects which may reduce compliance. In this context, considerable attention has been directed toward nutraceutical supplements, which include different molecules with great potential to reduce inflammation, hyperkeratinization, hyperseborrhea, and hyperinsulinemia. Myo-inositol has been shown to be effective in improving some of the signs and symptoms of patients with microcystic ovaries: reducing body mass index (BMI), testosterone free levels, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, and improving ovarian function and insulin sensitivity. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study that included 200 patients suffering from PCOS. Over 6 months, they analyzed the effects of the supplementation of LEVIGON™ (Sanitpharma; Milan, Italy)—a specific nutraceutical formulation containing myo-inositol, microlipodispersed magnesium, and folic acid—on the clinical picture of acne and hirsutism. Results: The supplementation of LEVIGON™ showed a significant reduction of BMI, testosterone, testosterone free, and DHEAS levels, thus improving the clinical picture of acne and hirsutism. Moreover, the impact of acne on the quality of life, assessed using the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scale, improved significantly after 3 and 6 months. Women with hirsutism benefited also from a significant improvement of the Ferriman-Gallwey score after both 3 and 6 months (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001 respectively compared to the baseline). Conclusions: Myo-inositol supplementation, associated with microlipodispersed magnesium in a bioaccessible form, proved to be extremely useful in reducing acne and hirsutism in patients suffering from microcystic ovaries. In addition, there were no side effects, thus confirming excellent compliance. Further long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm this preliminary evidence.
Microneedle-Mediated Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Pan Huanhuan , Hu Wanshan , Zhou Chunxian , Jian Jubo , Xu Jing , Lu Chao , Quan Guilan , Wu Chuanbin , Pan Xin , Peng Tingting
Published: February 2025

Obesity has become a major public health threat, as it can cause various complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, cancer, and osteoarthritis. The primary anti-obesity therapies include dietary control, physical exercise, surgical interventions, and drug therapy; however, these treatments often have poor therapeutic efficacy, significant side effects, and unavoidable weight rebound. As a revolutionized transdermal drug delivery system, microneedles (MNs) have been increasingly used to deliver anti-obesity therapeutics to subcutaneous adipose tissue or targeted absorption sites, significantly enhancing anti-obese effects. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a review to comprehensively summarize the latest progress of MN-mediated treatment of obesity. This review provides an overview of the application of MN technology in obesity, focusing on the delivery of various therapeutics to promote the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), suppress adipogenesis, and improve metabolic function. In addition, this review presents detailed examples of the integration of MN technology with iontophoresis (INT) or photothermal therapy (PTT) to promote drug penetration into deeper dermis and exert synergistic anti-obese effects. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of MN technology used for obesity treatment are also discussed, which helps to guide the design and optimization of MNs. Overall, this review provides insight into the development and clinical translation of MN technology for the treatment of obesity.
Interclonal Variation in Heavy Metal Accumulation Among Poplar and Willow Clones: Implications for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Landfill Soils
Authors: Kovačević Branislav , Milović Marina , Kesić Lazar , Pajnik Leopold Poljaković , Pekeč Saša , Stanković Dragica , Orlović Saša
Published: February 2025

In this study, five poplar clones (Populus deltoides cl. PE19/66, cl. S1-8, cl. 135/81, and Populus × euramericana cl. I-214, cl. Pannonia) and two white willow clones (Salix alba cl. 380, cl. 107/65-9) were tested in pot trials. The aim was to evaluate their potential for phytoextraction of nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in three substrates, two based on soil from landfills near Belgrade and Novi Sad, and one control treatment based on nursery soil. The shoot content of all analyzed heavy metals was the highest in the BG substrate with the highest content of heavy metals and the lowest in the control substrate. White willow clone 107/65-9 achieved the highest accumulation of Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb and along with another willow clone 380 is found to act as generalists. Poplar clones performed more as specialists: I-214 and Pannonia for copper, PE 19/66 for manganese and S1-8 for nickel and zinc. Considerable differences among examined clones in heavy metal accumulation and reaction to substrates should be taken into consideration in further pot and field trials as well as in phytoremediation projects on landfills.
The Impact of Nitrogen Addition on Soil Carbon Components and Understory Vegetation in Moso Bamboo Forests
Authors: Huang Zhoubin , Liu Xiaotong , Chu Haoyu , Jia Hao , He Xianxian , Wang Canying , Zhang Bing , Pan Chuanxia , Liu Sufan , Fan Shaohui , Su Wenhui
Published: February 2025

Moso bamboo forests are ecologically and economically important in China, but the effects of nitrogen addition on soil carbon dynamics and vegetation are underexplored. This study applied six nitrogen treatment levels in a monoculture Moso bamboo forest, collecting soil samples from 0 to 30 cm depth and understory vegetation data. The results showed that nitrogen addition significantly reduced stable carbon components, while particulate organic carbon (POC) increased, suggesting that excessive nitrogen may destabilize the soil carbon pool by accelerating SOC decomposition or reducing accumulation. Vertical variations in soil carbon components were more significant in the 20–30 cm layer, indicating stronger impacts on deep SOC cycling. Nitrogen reshaped the community structure, notably affecting dominant species such as Viola davidii and Rubus buergeri. However, species diversity indices showed no significant changes, likely due to the vegetation’s high adaptability to nitrogen. Correlation analysis indicated that stable carbon components positively influenced vegetation diversity, while POC had a negative effect. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) explained 95.12% of the variance in the relationship between nitrogen, soil carbon components, and vegetation diversity. Nitrogen negatively affected soil carbon components but positively influenced vegetation diversity, while soil carbon components negatively impacted diversity. Nitrogen may promote certain carbon component accumulation but could weaken the forest’s carbon sink function.
Comprehensive Analysis of Hormonal Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression in Flesh Segment Development of Chinese Bayberry (Myrica rubra)
Authors: Fu Yihan , Zhang Shuwen , Yang Li , Zong Yu , Li Yongqiang , Qi Xingjiang , Chen Wenrong , Liao Fanglei , Guo Weidong
Published: February 2025

Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra or Morella rubra) is a valuable fruit, yet the mechanism of its flesh segment development is not well understood. Using paraffin sectioning, we investigated the flower buds of the ‘Biqi’ and ‘Zaojia’ varieties, revealing that the flesh segment development in these Chinese bayberry varieties involved the formation of a primordium outside the ovary wall, the establishment of a simple columnar structure, and the formation of the primary flesh segment. Assessment of endogenous hormone levels indicated the significant reductions in jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels at the critical stages of flesh segment development. Correlation analysis highlighted the essential roles of IAA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellins in the flesh segment developmental process, underscoring the complex interactions driven primarily by the IAA, JA, and ABA networks. Gene modules positively correlated with flesh segment development were identified using transcriptome-based weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, particularly for upregulated genes associated with auxin and JA signaling. Key genes predicted to be involved in flesh segment development included LAX2 and LAX3 (auxin transport), JAZ6 (JA signaling repression), and KAN1 and KAN4 (regulating multiple hormonal signaling pathways). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation confirmed that the expression trends for these genes were consistent across both varieties, particularly for CRC, SEP1, SEP3, IAA7, and JAZ6. Immunofluorescence localization studies revealed that auxin was primarily distributed in the central vascular bundle and outer cells of the flesh segment. This uneven auxin distribution might contribute to the unique morphology of flesh segments. Overall, this study provides insights into the hormonal regulation and genetic factors involved in the development of Chinese bayberry flesh segments.
Correction: Hussain et al. The Role of Globalization, Economic Growth and Natural Resources on the Ecological Footprint in Thailand: Evidence from Nonlinear Causal Estimations. Processes 2021, 9, 1103
Authors: Hussain Hafezali Iqbal , Haseeb Muhammad , Kamarudin Fakarudin , Dacko-Pikiewicz Zdzisława , Szczepańska-Woszczyna Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

To allow for the original publication to be better understood [...]
Numerical Simulation and Optimization Design of Demister Based on a Separation Model Considering Re-Entrainment Influence
Authors: Zhang Lei , Qiao Zongliang , Liu Shasha , Feng Fei , Tang Youfei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the separation characteristics of mist remover in a wet flue gas desulfurization system are numerically simulated, and the separation mechanism in the channel of mist remover is analyzed considering the influence of droplets on wall recombination, diffusion, and splash. Considering the influence of re-entrainment, a gas–liquid separation model was established to reflect the coupling effect of air flow, droplets, and liquid film in the process of defogging. A computational model based on the energy loss coefficient κ was established, and the numerical simulation of flue gas flow in a single channel of a baffle demister was carried out using the computational fluid dynamics method. The effects of plate distance, plate angle, droplet diameter, and flue gas velocity on the separation efficiency were simulated and analyzed. Based on the response surface method, the model for separation characteristics and structure optimization design of the demister is established, and the influence level of each factor is analyzed.
Research on the Social Values of Vehicle–Road Collaborative Intelligence Systems: A Case Study in Beijing
Authors: Zhu Guangyu , Zhao Fuquan , Song Haokun , Zhang Wang , Liu Zongwei
Published: February 2025

Intelligent vehicles are expected to yield significant benefits in traffic safety, traffic efficiency, energy conservation, and carbon emission reduction. As the collaborative intelligence technology route becomes an industry consensus, intelligent vehicles will generate greater social benefits under the empowerment of roadside intelligence infrastructure. At the same time, the introduction of roadside intelligence infrastructure also adds corresponding deployment costs and operation and maintenance costs. Currently, assessments of the comprehensive social benefits and cost inputs associated with the application of vehicle–road collaborative intelligence systems remain unclear, making it difficult to provide effective references for industry development. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the multi-dimensional benefits generated by collaborative intelligence systems and the incremental costs. This study constructs a social value assessment model for vehicle–road collaborative intelligence systems, which includes three benefit sub-models for safety, efficiency, and carbon emission reduction, as well as two cost sub-models for vehicle-side networking and roadside intelligence infrastructure. Beijing is selected for case analysis. The social benefits and social incremental cost inputs of different intelligence deployment scenarios are scientifically evaluated and analyzed. The study indicates that by deploying roadside intelligence infrastructure and in-vehicle networking terminals as planned in Beijing, an accumulated safety benefit of 925.6 billion RMB, a traffic efficiency benefit of 628.9 billion RMB, and a carbon emission reduction benefit of 2.66 billion RMB are expected to be generated from 2024 to 2050. The cumulative cost investment of 28.8 billion RMB in roadside intelligence infrastructure and vehicle networking terminals is projected to yield approximately 20.8 times the increment in social comprehensive benefits. The deployment progress of roadside intelligence infrastructure and the loading progress of fleet networking terminals should be fully coordinated to maximize the social value of the system. The corresponding research findings can provide references for city managers in decision-making on intelligent road deployment, and for the coordination of vehicle manufacturers in equipping vehicle networking terminals.
Trade and the Sustainable Energy Transition: Exploring the Impact of Trade on Total Factor Renewable Energy Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xie Liang , Mu Xianzhong , Hu Guangwen
Published: February 2025

Improving total factor renewable energy efficiency (TFREE) is crucial for developed countries to achieve a sustainable energy transformation. International trade is an important source of technological progress and may significantly promote TFREE. However, previous studies have largely overlooked the impact of trade on TFREE. To this end, this study attempts to examine the impact of trade on TFREE of 28 major, developed countries. The main findings are as follows: trade significantly improves TFREE; in terms of the magnitude of the effect, export is greater than import, and trade in goods is greater than trade in services. Trade in most industries promotes TFREE, but trade in the ores and metals industry inhibits TFREE. Trade can only promote TFREE in countries with a high human capital level, high renewable energy infrastructure level, and high institutional quality level. The lag effect of trade on TFREE shows an inverted U shape over time; the nonlinear impact of trade on TFREE shows an N shape as TFREE increases. Biased technological progress and technological improvement effects are the main paths for trade to enhance TFREE. This paper can provide a reference for developed countries to formulate appropriate trade policies to improve TFREE.
Cyclability in Japan: Toward a Comprehensive National Assessment
Authors: Belliard Lucas , Morimoto Akinori , Kitano Naohiro
Published: February 2025

Japan is a unique country in terms of mobility. While the popularity of bicycles as a practical and environmentally friendly means of transport is growing worldwide, particularly since the COVID crisis, bicycle use in Japan has been declining for over 40 years. With a modal share that is still very high (around 12% of the national average), cycling is nevertheless subject to major disparities across the region, whether in terms of use, infrastructure, policies, or safety. This unique study, therefore, attempts to develop a unique methodology for assessing cyclability in Japan, tailored to its specific characteristics, and including the following factors: use and culture by focusing on the user and infrastructure and policies by focusing on planning and safety, both real and perceived. Based on a nationwide survey and a unique database, we are bringing together the realities of local areas with the opinions of hundreds of Japanese cyclists. The results show significant discrepancies between the demands/needs of cyclists and the policies, reflecting a lack of comprehensive strategies, particularly with regard to cycling infrastructure. This allows us to provide a complete and accurate picture of cyclability in Japan and the reasons for its disparities.
Probiotic Potential of Enterococcus lactis GL3 Strain Isolated from Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Larvae: Insights into Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Paenibacillus larvae
Authors: Ye Manhong , Jiang Yinhong , Han Qiannan , Li Xiaoyuan , Meng Chuang , Ji Chao , Ji Feng , Zhou Bin
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to address the need for effective probiotics and antibacterial agents to combat American foulbrood disease in honeybees, caused by Paenibacillus larvae. In the context of declining honeybee populations due to pathogens, we isolated eight lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from honeybee larvae (Apis mellifera L.) and evaluated their probiotic potential and inhibitory effects against P. larvae. Methods included probiotic property assessments, such as acid and bile salt resistance, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation with P. larvae, antioxidant capacities, osmotolerance to 50% sucrose, and antibiotic susceptibility. Results indicated that the GL3 strain exhibited superior probiotic attributes and potent inhibitory effects on P. larvae. Whole-genome sequencing revealed GL3 to be an Enterococcus lactis strain with genetic features tailored to the honeybee larval gut environment. Pangenome analysis highlighted genetic diversity among E. lactis strains, while molecular docking analysis identified aborycin, a lasso peptide produced by GL3, as a promising inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis. These findings suggested that GL3 was a promising probiotic candidate and antibacterial agent for honeybee health management, warranting further investigation into its in vivo efficacy and potential applications in beekeeping practices.
Antiguidade e Modernidade
Authors: Carlan Cláudio Umpierre
Published: February 2025

A influência clássica no Brasil sempre esteve presente. A conquista portuguesa, as diversas migrações, influenciaram diretamente na cultura brasileira. Nosso objetivo é identificar as representações monetárias, existentes nas cunhagens modernas, influenciadas pelo mundo romano. Para isso, analisaremos a coleção numismática do Museu Histórico Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, importante acervo arqueológico numismático da América Latina.
Héracles e Hermes na iconografia urbana paulistana
Authors: Francisco Gilberto da Silva
Published: February 2025

Este texto discute a inserção de Héracles/Hércules e Hermes/Mercúrio, duas divindades antigas dos panteões grego e romano, na cidade de São Paulo entre os séculos XIX e XX. A partir da noção de iconografia urbana, observaremos as especificidades da apropriação paulistana de referências ao mundo antigo que já estavam sendo desenvolvidos no seio de representações desde a modernidade. Assim, a recepção desses deuses na cidade de São Paulo foi baseada em um processo complexo que contou com a trama de elementos que organizavam seus cultos e representações na antiguidade, mas também um sofisticado processo de seleções entre a Europa moderna e contemporânea e o Brasil dos séculos XIX e XX, instalando Héracles e Hermes em debates que conectavam a cidade de São Paulo a temas tradicionais, mas também naqueles específicos do país, como o republicanismo e a ideologia do trabalho.
A Individualidade
Authors: Hernando Almudena
Published: February 2025

Este texto dá continuidade à tradução do artigo "A identidade quando se tem poder sobre o mundo", da mesma autora, publicado edição anterior da Heródoto - v. 8, n. 1, 2023. p. 207-228.
Da civilização romana à civilização latina
Authors: Liberati Anna Maria
Published: February 2025

O artigo ilustra as metamorfoses do mito de Roma na Itália por meio de quatro momentos históricos, da Itália liberal à totalitária e do pós-guerra: o quinquagésimo aniversário do Reino, em 1911; o bimilenário do nascismento de Augusto, em 1937-38; o vigésimo aniversário da Marcha sobre Roma, em 1942; e o Ano Santo, em 1950. A fundação do Museo dell’Impero Romano, instituição central às experiências fundamentais para a metamorfose do mito de Roma na Itália, ocorre neste contexto. A autora, também à luz de alguns documentos inéditos, descreve como, em diversas ocasiões relacionadas ao Museo dell’Impero Romano, o conceito de legado da civilização romana, celebrado em 1911, foi temporariamente substituído, em 1952, pela ideia de ​um museu da civilização latina.
SELECTION OF A FIXED BED SOLID FUEL COMBUSTION MODEL IN ANSYS FLUENT
Authors: Ashraf Ahmed
Published: February 2025

The aim of the paper is to present approaches to the use of computer modelling of solid fuel combustion in a fixed bed in furnaces and boilers of small capacity. The principles of modelling solid fuel combustion in Ansys Fluent are considered. The method of calculation model construction for solid fuel combustion in a fixed layer in furnaces and boilers of small capacity is proposed. Since combustion is characterised by great complexity in modelling, in order to simplify the model, the fuel layer was not separated into a separate computational domain and was replaced by boundary conditions, and the computational domain contains only the gas part. In the model the fuel enters the calculation area corresponding to the gas part through the surface of the area limiting the solid fuel, combustion takes place at the boundary of solid and gas areas and in the form of heterogeneous combustion reaction of solid carbon and in the gas area in the form of gas-phase reactions of oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons of released volatile substances. Simplifications of the model are the absence of carry-over of unburned particles. The adequacy of combustion modelling is proposed to be checked by comparison of the modelling results with the results of fuel combustion calculation (composition of combustion products and temperature), content of harmful substances and analysis of combustion along the course of gas flow in the calculation area in the current lines.
SIMULATION MODELING OF PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM IN A STEAM WATER VESSEL
Authors: Eliseev Vadim , Sozinova Tatyana
Published: February 2025

This article investigates pressure dynamics in a steam-water vessel (SWV) and its control system (CS) through simulation modeling. The goal is to develop a universal SWV model for predicting emergencies, optimizing existing CS, and creating new control algorithms. The pressure change model in the SWV is implemented in SimInTech, based on solving 13 differential equations accounting for water and steam properties and non-equilibrium processes. The CS includes tubular electric heaters (TEHs) and injection valves that regulate SWV pressure. Computational experiments simulate normal and emergency SWV operation. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the CS in maintaining pressure using TEHs and injections. Simulation modeling of the SWV is valuable for optimizing existing control systems, improving efficiency, and developing new control algorithms for stable and safe SWV operation in various technological systems.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE INDUCTION HEATING PROCESS OF STEEL IN TERMS OF SPEED AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Authors: Dadabaeva Darya
Published: February 2025

The article describes the process of induction heating of a cylindrical steel billet before the pressing operation, which is used in industry in the manufacture of hollow and solid products of complex profile, which cannot be obtained using other types of metal processing. Due to the spatial extent of the temperature field of the workpiece, the induction heating process should be considered as an object with distributed parameters. The problem of optimal control is formulated according to the criterion of minimum time and the criterion of minimum energy spent. The solution of the tasks is performed using an alternance method based on the special properties of the temperature distribution at the end of the optimal heating process. The alternance method allows to reduce the solution of the optimal problem according to the appropriate optimality criterion to the solution of a system of transcendental equations, which is closed with respect to all unknown parameters of the induction heating process. The solution of the system of equations is performed using a numerical model developed in the Altair FLUX software, which allows modeling low-frequency electromagnetic and thermal processes. The specificity of the solved problem consists in the fact that the resulting control, which are optimal in the class of two-interval controls, allows heating of a steel cylindrical billet in the shortest possible time with minimal energy consumption.
RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS ON COOLING OF GASES IN SMOKE FLUES WITHOUT THERMAL INSULATION
Authors: Barashkov Ilya
Published: February 2025

Small and medium capacity boiler houses, including transportable boiler houses, are equipped with steel chimneys of various designs. Their disadvantages include less durability and susceptibility to corrosion compared to concrete types of structures, which, in turn, is a serious problem, in particular, for self-supporting types of structures. The purpose of the work was to determine the design and thermophysical parameters that have the greatest influence on the cooling of flue gases of medium composition in the channel of a steel self-supporting non-thermally insulated chimney. The methodology for calculating the temperature of flue gases at the height of the chimney has been developed and the programme in the VBA Excel environment has been developed. Dependences of the final temperature of exhaust gases on the temperature of gases at the inlet, height of the chimney, diameter of the gas duct, wall thickness of the supporting trunk are obtained. The direct dependence of the flue gas temperature at the chimney mouth on the ambient air temperature and the significant influence of the chimney height and diameter on the flue gas temperature have been revealed. Possible variants of modernisation of already installed and operating chimneys are offered.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
Authors: Lyashenko Lev , Galkin Maxim , Alekseeva Olga
Published: February 2025

The possibility of using alternative energy sources for an average owner of a residential house in Krasnodar Krai is considered. Calculations of efficiency for installation of a solar generator or wind generator are made and their payback period is determined. In conditions of solar insolation of Krasnodar region solar panels produce on average 1 kWh per installed kW of capacity. The efficiency of wind generators depends on certain conditions: a 1 kW wind turbine under conditions of average annual wind speed can produce 2-4 kWh per day. The cost of operating solar panels is lower than the cost of 1 kWh for consumers with gas cookers around the edge by 55% and for wind generators by 48%. Based on the analysis of solar insolation and productivity for Krasnodar Krai, solar panels can be more efficient than wind turbines.
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS FOR THE DRYING PROCESS OF RAW MATERIALS OF LOW-POTENTIAL
Authors: Onishchuk V. , Plotnikov Dmitriy , Shakhova Anastasia
Published: February 2025

Effective solutions for the use of low-potential secondary energy resources (VER) in high-temperature technological processes can relate to various areas related to the production of process steam, heating of buildings and structures or drying of raw materials used in the technological process. The paper provides an example of the use of VER heat to stabilize the humidity of raw materials by drying them synchronously with the sieving process with the release of a given granulometric composition. In order to determine the rationality of the proposed solution, an aerodynamic calculation of the pipeline was performed in 3 different variants, draft equipment for moving warm air along the hot air movement path was selected, the need for thermal insulation of air ducts for transportation to a screening device was considered. In conclusion, three options for supplying hot air to a vibrating screen in which the raw material is dried are presented. The results of this work can be used in production processes to improve the energy efficiency of the production system and the rational use of heat.
MENGUKUR EFEKTIFITAS SISTIM AKUNTANSI PENJUALAN KREDIT PADA PT BONY BERKAH BERSAMA DEPOK
Authors: Hamizar Hamizar
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untu mengetahui  keefektifan dari system akuntansi penjualn kredit yang diaplikasi pada PT. Bony Berkah Bersama Depok. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan pengamatan langsung keperuahaan dan juga melihat SOP penjualan kredit yang sudah dimiliki oleh perusahaan ini. Penulis melihat penilaian dari system akuntansi penjualan  kredit pada perusahaan ini dari bagian yang dilibatkan, dokumen yang digunakan catatatan akuntansi yang digunakan dan Sistem pengendalian intern yang sudah dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sistem akuntansi penjualan kredit diperusahaan ni belum berjalan sebagaimanan mestinya, terbukti ada bagian-bagian tertentu  yang belum  bekerja sesuai dengan SOP yang ada., Sistem pengendalian internal juga dipandang belum begitu efektif Dilaksanakan
ANÁLISIS ESTOCÁSTICO APLICADO A PROYECTOS
Authors: Silva Giraldo Cesar Augusto , Dugarte Mendoza Juan Sebastián
Published: February 2025

La aplicación del análisis estocástico en los proyectos se da por la distribución de parámetros dados en el tiempo, permitiendo analizar el comportamiento de las variables, y con ello generar estimaciones válidas desde el componente estadístico y de deducciones que facilitan las proyecciones futuras. Con ellos se siembra la base para la implementación de algoritmos que permitan obtener resultados fiables en la evaluación de los proyectos generados en etapas tempranas, permitiendo una adecuada toma de decisiones y la optimización de los recursos en las organizaciones (Silva, Dugarte & Mejía, 2018).
PERCEPCIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN FINANCIERA EN EGRESADOS DE UNIVERSIDADES PIURANAS, PERÚ 2018-2019
Authors: Quezada Castro Guillermo Alexander , Castro Arellano María del Pilar , Oliva Núñez Juan Manuel , Gallo Águila Carlos Ignacio , Quezada Castro María del Pilar
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo analiza la percepción del egresado universitario en el período 2018 – 2019 de la ciudad de Piura - Perú respecto a la educación financiera. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, muestreo no probabilístico, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, el instrumento denominado cuestionario de tipo cerrado estuvo enfocado hacia el plano de presupuesto, ahorro y proyecto de vida desde la perspectiva del egresado, para lo cual se contextualizó en 10 preguntas con alternativas caracterizadas por la escala de Likert, en la cual 1 (siempre), 2 (casi siempre), 3 (a veces), 4 (casi nunca) y 5 (nunca), del cual participaron voluntariamente 180 jóvenes cuyas edades oscila entre 22 a 25 años. Se discutió referente a la educación financiera, si ésta debe ser promovida desde las aulas universitarias, puesto que es el contexto que permitirá reflexionar sobre su rol como futuro profesional, asimismo, la importancia de la educación financiera para interactuar en el sistema financiero, contribuir a la cultura de pago, teniendo para ello que tomar buenas decisiones. Se concluyó que la percepción del egresado universitario respecto a la educación financiera es buena, lo cual permite deducir la necesidad de su consolidación, a través de las carreras profesionales, de tal forma, que permita generar conciencia en el ciudadano para que este asigne un presupuesto familiar que genere bienestar y un adecuado uso de las tarjetas de crédito.