bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Examination of Ossicula Auditus in Different Ruminants
Authors: Demircioğlu İsmail , Aksünger Karaavci Funda
Published: October 2024

Background

The ossicula auditus is the structure that transmits vibrations from the tympanic cavity to the auris interna. This assembly is formed by three ossicles: the malleus, incus and stapes. In addition, the bone that exists as os lenticulare in humans exists as processus lenticulare in most mammals.

Objective

To our knowledge, no in‐depth study has been published on the ossicula auditus of gazelles. This study aims to provide a comparative study of the morphology of the auditory ossicles in sheep, goats and gazelles.

Methods

Ossicula auditus from six adult Awassi sheep, six hair goats and six gazelles was examined and photographed under a stereomicroscope.

Results and conclusion

It was determined that the ossicula auditus of gazelle, hair goat and Awassi sheep consisted of malleus, incus and stapes. In the species examined, it was observed that the articular surface on the caput mallei, the malleus protrusions and the distal part of the manubrium mallei differed between species. It was determined that the incus bone consists of a body and two crus. As an important morphological difference, the proc. lenticulare was found to be on the crus breve in all three species. It was determined that the stapes bone was quadrangular in the species examined, especially in goats, but this quadrangular shape, which is specific to ruminants, was not fully formed in other species. As a result, it was determined that the ossicula auditus of gazelle, hair goat and Awassi sheep showed morphologically different characteristics.
Effect of Embedded Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) on the Low-velocity Impact Behaviour of Stringer Stiffened Composite Plates
Authors: Brack Tristan , Ghasemnejad Hessam
Published: October 2024

This study presents an analytical model of low-velocity impact on composite plates, possessing either flat or cylindrical shapes. The overall plate`s stiffness properties are varied with an additionally assembled Ω-stringer and embedded shape memory alloy wires in the composite material, using only the shape memory effect. This analytical approach enables a low-effort but sufficiently accurate design of low-energy-impacted structures. Comprehensive analytical equations are developed based on the inclusion of the stringer effect on the curved panels. For both stringer-stiffened and non-stiffened plate models, parameter variations regarding the impact and shape memory alloy (SMA) wire integration are conducted. The effects can be classified as changes in essential and acquired stiffness. Our results indicate that SMAs improve the energy absorption capability of stiffened composite panels.
Exploring Metalinguistic Awareness in School-Aged Autistic Children: Insights from Grammatical Judgment
Authors: Wolfer Pauline , Baumeister Franziska , Rudelli Nicola , Corrigan Grace , Naigles Letitia R. , Durrleman Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Metalinguistic awareness, the ability to manipulate and reflect upon language, remains largely unexplored in the autistic population. To address this gap, this observational cross-sectional study examines the metalinguistic abilities of school-aged autistic children in comparison to neurotypical peers in a novel tablet-based Grammatical Judgment Task (GJT) of reduced linguistic complexity engaging two kinds of metacognitive resources. Children had to judge non-verbally whether pre-recorded sentences were grammatically correct or not, following the traditional GJT paradigm assessing metamorphosyntactic skills. In addition, sentences with anomalous meaning that were either grammatically correct or grammatically incorrect were introduced to test metasemantic knowledge. Findings reveal no difference in performance between the groups, with participants performing on average above chance level both on the sentences assessing mere metamorphosyntactic skills and on the sentences placing an additional demand on metasemantics. This study shows that autistic individuals are able to mobilize metalinguistic resources when tested via a task of reduced linguistic complexity.
Using information and communication technology (ICT)-based data systems to support teacher data-driven decision-making: Insights from the literature (2013–2023)
Authors: Alonzo Dennis , Quimno Val , Townend Geraldine , Oo Cherry Zin
Published: October 2024

The use of information and communication technology-based data systems to support teachers in data-driven decision-making (DDDM) remains limited. Despite the growing number of data systems available, their uptake remains limited, and there is a limited understanding of what data system characteristics increase and factors that influence teacher adoption and use. To address this gap, we reviewed the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Synthesis of the 17 articles from three databases revealed six data systems commonly used in schools. Also, there are eight key data system characteristics that teachers find helpful. We have found several factors that influence teacher adoption of data systems related to data features, leadership, individual disposition, and the socio-cultural context. The findings of our review have critical implications for designing and using technology-based data systems for supporting teacher data-driven decision-making.
Implementation and evaluation of specialist heart failure pharmacist prescribing clinics
Authors: Campbell Gayle , Doherty Ciara , D’Silva Andrew , Carr-White Gerald , Webb Jessica , Ismail Tevfik F
Published: October 2024

Background

Medications form the basis of treatment for heart failure (HF) and adherence is crucial as untreated HF has a mortality of greater than 30%. As such, specialist HF pharmacists with expertise in prescribing and promoting adherence have become an integral part of the wider HF multidisciplinary team (MDT).

Aim

To implement specialist HF pharmacist prescribing clinics and evaluate their impact.

Setting

An integrated HF team at a tertiary London hospital.

Development

The clinic was initially developed to facilitate the introduction of sacubitril-valsartan evolving to 6 dedicated clinics/week.

Implementation

A dedicated electronic referral pathway was created to channel referrals to the specialist clinic, and referral criteria expanded to all patients requiring optimisation of medical therapy.

Evaluation

Data were retrospectively collected for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction seen in the HF pharmacist clinic between September 2021 and July 2022. Overall, 114 patients were seen (mean age 66 years, 78 male). The mean time to medication optimisation was 3 months (averaging 1 appointment/month). The number on optimised doses of guideline-directed medical therapy, increased significantly from 8% at first appointment to 76% on discharge (p < 0.001). The HF pharmacists reviewed all medications and optimised non-HF medications for 17.5% (n = 20) of patients.

Conclusion

HF pharmacists can optimise patients’ HF and non-HF medical therapy typically within 3 months. By reviewing all prescribed medications, HF pharmacists provide a holistic review of all medications. They can play a vital role in addressing the underutilisation of HF medical therapy and thereby improving patient outcomes.
Infants with biliary atresia exhibit an altered amino acid profile in their newborn screening
Authors: Uecker Marie , Prehn Cornelia , Janzen Nils , Adamski Jerzy , Vieten Gertrud , Petersen Claus , Kuebler Joachim F. , Madadi-Sanjani Omid , Klemann Christian
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare progressive neonatal cholangiopathy with unknown pathophysiology and time of onset. Newborn Screening (NBS) in Germany is routinely performed in the first days of life to identify rare congenital diseases utilizing dried blood spot (DBS) card analyses. Infants with biliary atresia (BA) are known to have altered amino acid profiles (AAP) at the time point of diagnosis, but it is unclear whether these alterations are present at the time point of NBS.

Objectives

We aimed to analyze amino acid profiles in NBS–DBS of infants with Biliary Atresia.

Methods

Original NBS-DBS cards of 41 infants who were later on diagnosed with BA were retrospectively obtained. NBS–DBS cards from healthy newborns (n = 40) served as controls. In some BA infants (n = 14) a second DBS card was obtained at time of Kasai surgery. AAP in DBS cards were analyzed by targeted metabolomics.

Results

DBS metabolomics in the NBS of at that time point seemingly healthy infants later diagnosed with BA revealed significantly higher levels of Methionine (14.6 ± 8.6 μmol/l), Histidine (23.5 ± 50.3 μmol/l), Threonine (123.9 ± 72.8 μmol/l) and Arginine (14.1 ± 11.8 μmol/l) compared to healthy controls (Met: 8.1 ± 2.6 μmol/l, His: 18.6 ± 10.1 μmol/l, Thr: 98.1 ± 34.3 μmol/l, Arg: 9.3 ± 6.6 μmol/l). Methionine, Arginine and Histidine showed a further increase at time point of Kasai procedure. No correlation between amino acid levels and clinical course was observed.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that BA patients exhibit an altered AAP within 72 h after birth, long before the infants become symptomatic. This supports the theory of a prenatal onset of the disease and, thus, the possibility of developing a sensitive and specific NBS. Methionine might be particularly relevant due to its involvement in glutathione metabolism. Further investigation of AAP in BA may help in understanding the underlying pathophysiology.
Asymmetric Laplace scale mixtures for the distribution of cryptocurrency returns
Authors: Punzo Antonio , Bagnato Luca
Published: October 2024

Recent studies about cryptocurrency returns show that their distribution can be highly-peaked, skewed, and heavy-tailed, with a large excess kurtosis. To accommodate all these peculiarities, we propose the asymmetric Laplace scale mixture (ALSM) family of distributions. Each member of the family is obtained by dividing the scale parameter of the conditional asymmetric Laplace (AL) distribution by a convenient mixing random variable taking values on all or part of the positive real line and whose distribution depends on a parameter vector $$\varvec{\theta }$$

θ

providing greater flexibility to the resulting ALSM. Advantageously concerning the AL distribution, our family members allow for a wider range of values for skewness and kurtosis. For illustrative purposes, we consider different mixing distributions; they give rise to ALSMs having a closed-form probability density function where the AL distribution is obtained as a special case under a convenient choice of $$\varvec{\theta }$$

θ

. We examine some properties of our ALSMs such as hierarchical and stochastic representations and moments of practical interest. We describe an EM algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for all the considered ALSMs. We fit these models to the returns of two cryptocurrencies, considering several classical distributions for comparison. The analysis shows how our models represent a valid alternative to the considered competitors in terms of AIC, BIC, and likelihood-ratio tests.
Hypoxia-Induced Inflammation in In Vitro Model of Human Blood–Brain Barrier: Modulatory Effects of the Olfactory Ensheathing Cell-Conditioned Medium
Authors: Agafonova Aleksandra , Cosentino Alessia , Musso Nicolò , Prinzi Chiara , Russo Cristina , Pellitteri Rosalia , Anfuso Carmelina Daniela , Lupo Gabriella
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia compromises the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and increases its permeability, thereby inducing inflammation. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) garnered considerable interest due to their neuroregenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential modulatory effects of OEC-conditioned medium (OEC-CM) on the response of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), constituting the BBB, when exposed to hypoxia. HBMECs were utilized to establish the in vitro BBB model. OECs were isolated from mouse olfactory bulbs, and OEC-CM was collected after 48 h of culture. The effect of OEC-CM treatment on the HBMEC viability was evaluated under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions at 6 h, 24 h, and 30 h. Western blot and immunostaining techniques were employed to assess NF-κB/phospho-NF-κB expression. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and cPLA2 mRNA expression levels were quantified using digital PCR. ELISA assays were performed to measure PGE2, VEGF-A, IL-8 secretion, and cPLA2 specific activity. The in vitro formation of HBMEC capillary-like structures was examined using a three-dimensional matrix system. OEC-CM attenuated pro-inflammatory responses and mitigated the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway activation in HBMECs under hypoxic condition. Hypoxia-induced damage of the BBB can be mitigated by novel therapeutic strategies harnessing OEC potential.
Synchronous LoRa sensor nodes for modal identification in footbridge vibration monitoring
Authors: Qiao Huiyue , Guan Hong , Jabbour Andrei , Zhu Yong
Published: October 2024

This article aims at presenting a preliminary investigation of using long-range and low-cost LoRa (Long Range) technology and two synchronous LoRa sensor nodes for cost-effective footbridge structural health monitoring (SHM). Two sensor nodes with LoRa modules and accelerometers were employed for vibration monitoring and a new attempt was made to use synchronous LoRa nodes for modal identification. In this article, a modal identification method based on a lightweight synchronization concept was proposed. This method is able to identify the fundamental mode of vibrating beam structures. Meanwhile, maximum accelerations can also be tracked periodically from the simultaneously recorded acceleration data by the synchronous LoRa nodes. Specifically, synchronization was achieved through the wireless peer-to-peer (P2P) communication between the two LoRa nodes, with the aim of initializing simultaneous acceleration recordings. The fundamental frequency and the phase information derived from the on-board calculation of the synchronized nodes can then be used to effectively identify the vertical bending mode and torsion mode. A series of laboratory tests were also conducted on a beam structure for the purpose of validation. The test results showed that the fundamental mode of the vibrating beam can be obtained rapidly and accurately using the synchronized LoRa nodes, with an average synchronization accuracy of 4.45 ms. The maximum acceleration data recorded by the LoRa nodes also showed high accuracy when compared with the raw acceleration data collected from a commercial Bluetooth accelerometer node. The fundamental frequencies obtained from both types of nodes also compare reasonably. The proposed modal identification method using two synchronous LoRa sensor nodes provides a basis for the development of a low-cost footbridge SHM system with the integration of IoT techniques. An attempt has been made to perform a preliminary field test on a cable-stayed footbridge, where the fundamental frequency and the mode shape type of the footbridge were successfully identified and its serviceability condition was also found to satisfy the code requirements.
BwMMV-pred: a novel ensemble learning approach using blood smear images for malaria prediction
Authors: Tayyab Muhammad Arabi , Alim Affan , Alam Mansoor , Su’ud Mazliham Mohd
Published: October 2024

The use of machine learning in healthcare has become widespread, enhancing the capabilities of doctors and clinicians. This study introduces a novel ensemble learning approach named Blending with Meta Majority Voting (BwMMV) for malaria prediction using blood smear images. The BwMMV technique combines the strengths of eight base classifiers to form an intermediate dataset, which is subsequently used to train five distinct meta-models using different machine learning algorithms. A Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH) method is employed to extract texture features from blood smear images, effectively capturing the underlying patterns necessary for classification. The final classification decision is determined through a majority voting mechanism, selecting the outcome with the most votes as the final prediction. Our results indicate that the BwMMV approach significantly outperforms traditional hard voting and blending techniques, achieving superior accuracy, robustness, and resilience in performance. This innovative method demonstrates promising potential as a powerful tool for automated diagnosis systems, with the ability to be expanded to analyze various datasets efficiently.
New averaged type algorithms for solving split common fixed point problems for demicontractive mappings
Authors: Berinde Vasile , Saleh Khairul
Published: October 2024

In this paper we propose new averaged iterative algorithms designed for solving a split common fixed point problem in the class of demicontractive mappings. The algorithms are obtained by inserting an averaged term into the algorithms used in [Li, R. and He, Z., A new iterative algorithm for split solution problems of quasi-nonexpansive mappings J. Inequal. Appl.131 (2015), 1–12.] for solving the same problem but in the class of quasi-nonexpansive mappings, which is a subclass of demicontractive mappings. Basically, our investigation is based on the embedding of demicontractive operators in the class of quasi-nonexpansive operators by means of averaged mappings. For the considered algorithms we prove weak and strong convergence theorems in the setting of a real Hilbert space. A numerical example is given to illustrate the results.
Efficient random walks for generating random fuzzy measures in Möbius representation in large universe
Authors: Beliakov Gleb , Baz Juan , Wu Jian-Zhang
Published: October 2024

Random generation of fuzzy measures plays a pivotal role in large-scale decision-making and optimization. Random walks ensure uniform generation and adequate coverage. The Möbius representation of set functions is a valuable tool for establishing the sparse structure of fuzzy measures, with its non-negativity closely linked to monotonicity and convexity/supermodularity checking. We propose three efficient methods for monotonicity verification and convexity/supermodularity verification applicable to random walks in Möbius representations, specifically tailored for universal sets larger than ten inputs and k-order fuzzy measures. We first present the baseline methods by directly inspecting monotonicity and convexity constraints. Building on the observation that the majority of initially generated values exhibit non-negativity, we intentionally track negative Möbius values to enhance the computational performance of these baseline approaches. Further, we introduce the more agile methods that employ insertion and merge sorting techniques for both monotonicity and convexity checks in random walks that involve small perturbations of fuzzy measures. To address sparsity in large-scale scenarios, we focus on two major types of measures: k-additive and k-interactive measures, demonstrating their effectiveness through theoretical analysis and experimental results.
Flexible Graphene Field-Effect Transistors and Their Application in Flexible Biomedical Sensing
Authors: Sun Mingyuan , Wang Shuai , Liang Yanbo , Wang Chao , Zhang Yunhong , Liu Hong , Zhang Yu , Han Lin
Published: October 2024

Flexible electronics are transforming our lives by making daily activities more convenient. Central to this innovation are field-effect transistors (FETs), valued for their efficient signal processing, nanoscale fabrication, low-power consumption, fast response times, and versatility. Graphene, known for its exceptional mechanical properties, high electron mobility, and biocompatibility, is an ideal material for FET channels and sensors. The combination of graphene and FETs has given rise to flexible graphene field-effect transistors (FGFETs), driving significant advances in flexible electronics and sparked a strong interest in flexible biomedical sensors. Here, we first provide a brief overview of the basic structure, operating mechanism, and evaluation parameters of FGFETs, and delve into their material selection and patterning techniques. The ability of FGFETs to sense strains and biomolecular charges opens up diverse application possibilities. We specifically analyze the latest strategies for integrating FGFETs into wearable and implantable flexible biomedical sensors, focusing on the key aspects of constructing high-quality flexible biomedical sensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of FGFETs and their applications in biomedical sensors. This review will provide valuable insights and inspiration for ongoing research to improve the quality of FGFETs and broaden their application prospects in flexible biomedical sensing.
Convergence Rates for Identification of Robin Coefficient from Terminal Observations
Authors: Mondal Subhankar
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the problem of identification of a Robin coefficient (also known as impedance coefficient) in a parabolic PDE from terminal observations of the temperature distributions. The problem is ill-posed in the sense that small perturbation in the observation may lead to a large deviation in the solution. Thus, in order to obtain stable approximations, we employ the Tikhonov-regularization. We propose a weak source condition motivated by the work of Engl and Zou (2000) and obtain a convergence rate of $$O(\delta ^\frac{1}{2})$$

O
(

δ

1
2

)

, where $$\delta $$
δ
is the noise level of the observed data. The obtained rate is better than some of the previous known rates. Moreover, the advantage of the proposed source condition is that the above mentioned convergence rate is obtained without the need for characterizing the range space of modelling operator and its Fréchet derivative, which is in contrast to the general convergence theory of Tikhonov-regularization for non linear operators.
Predictive modeling of sustainable recycled materials for stone column construction
Authors: Foda Tasneem , Hassan Hassan M. , Abdelkader Ahmed , el-Hassan Khaled Abu
Published: October 2024

Climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions is one of the most significant global challenges. Sustainable recycled materials are recognized as a critical factor in mitigating climate change, representing a fundamental strategy for reducing gas emissions and preserving the environment. Promising sustainable recycled materials in construction, such as crushed asphalt, crushed concrete, crushed ceramic, and treated concrete offer numerous advantages, including reduced carbon dioxide $${\text{(CO}}_{2} )$$

(CO
2

)

emissions, cost-effectiveness, increased strength, and enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, various machine learning techniques, including the support vector machine (SVM), multiple linear regression (MLR), gaussian process regression (GPR), and artificial neural network (ANN), are used to assess the effectiveness of sustainable recycled materials within stone columns. The MLR model was specifically utilized to predict the ultimate stress equation for these materials within stone columns. Forty-five constructed samples were used in developing the models. The effectiveness of each model was evaluated using various statistical assessment measures, including mean absolute error (MAE), absolute fraction of variation ($${\text{R}}^{2}$$

R

2

), and root mean square error (RMSE). The predictive model’s performance was validated using the k-fold cross-validation method. The ANN model with an $${\text{R}}^{2}$$

R

2

value of 0.962 and an RMSE value of 7.268 kPa, performed better compared to GPR, SVM and MLR models. In summary, the results of the study indicate that the MLR model, utilizing the identified input parameters, can accurately predict the ultimate stress for different sustainable recycled materials. Implementing such technologies within the construction sector can expedite and reduce the cost of assessing material characteristics and the influence of input parameters.
Combating corruption on the frontlines: analyzing penalties for street-level bureaucrats in China
Authors: Wang Rui , Ni Xing
Published: October 2024

Penalties for corrupt acts are a vital component of integrity management systems within bureaucratic organizations, yet systematic inquiry into specific interventions is lacking. Drawing from the principal–supervisor–agent model, this article explores the criteria for imposing penalties on corrupt bureaucrats at the street level. We examine the impact of various factors on the severity of penalties for corruption, highlighting the influence of top-down anticorruption reform and local enforcement capacity. Utilizing text mining techniques, we build a comprehensive dataset containing 4025 cases of punishing corruption among grassroots officials in China from 2015 to 2023 and use multilevel analysis to explore these dynamics. Findings suggest that anticorruption reform directly led to an increase in the severity of penalties, but with substantial variation across practices. In particular, the analysis reveals a positive correlation between enforcement capacity and the severity of penalties. Moreover, while the relationship between harm and penalty severity represents a generalizable observation, significant disparities exist in the penalties imposed across various types of corruption. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of multiple punitive measures and the factors leading to penalties imposed on corrupt street-level bureaucrats.
Ecological indicators of water quality and marshland impact area (MARia) index of Ligawasan Marsh: a critically important wetland in the Southern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler Cejuela , Manampan-Rubio Meriam , Alvaro-Ele Renee Jane , Hilario-Husain Bona Abigail , Murray Sedra A. , Delos Reyes Jamaica L. , Pangato Nasrodin M. , Magkidong Noril S. , Angcaco Kayle Lou D. , Catulos Angelie J. , Dimacaling Ace D. , Ruiz Julius O. , Abdulkasan Rallyessa Mohann A. , Murray-Buday Melanie , Lidasan Asraf K. , Dela Cruz Kier Celestial. , Respicio Jeaneth Magelen V. , Abdullah Sumaira S. , Agduma Angelo Rellama
Published: October 2024

Wetland ecosystems are vital for both biodiversity and communities that depend on them. The Ligawasan Marsh in the southern part of the Philippines is one of the most threatened wetlands in the country. Apart from increasing anthropogenic development, wetlands have faced warfare-driven threats that have hindered research and conservation efforts in the area for many decades. Our study is the first to investigate the patterns of physicochemical parameters, patterns of land use cover, and the relationship between land use change and marshland environmental status. We also developed the Marshland Impact Area (MARia) index to assess the potential impact contributions of the surrounding towns. We found a strong negative correlation between dissolved oxygen (DO) and indicators of pollution such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and heavy metals. Interestingly, we observed elevated levels of phosphate and mercury at all sampling sites in the Ligawasan Marsh. Our landscape-level modelling showed that these elevated levels are associated with expanding croplands and urbanisation surrounding the marsh. We found that the potential impact contribution of cropland and urbanisation from surrounding towns of the Ligawasan Marsh varied significantly, suggesting the importance of implementing local policies to reduce land use change impacts. With the current yet remaims limited knowledge and beyond safe pollution levels in the Ligawasan Marsh, it is crucial to implement collaborative and science-based governance to integrate conservation initiatives with the priorities of global targets, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, for a comprehensive and sustainable approach to Ligawasan Marsh conservation.
Severing the Gordian Knot of Sovereignty and Migration Control
Authors: Shachar Ayelet
Published: October 2024

The claim that states have an unfettered sovereign right to control their borders and exclude non-citizens from their territory is accepted everywhere without contestation. Yet it is anything but a self-evident truth. While taken for granted today, the assumption that control over migration is the “last bastion of sovereignty” represents a radical departure from the norm of freedom of movement (for some, not others, namely, white, “civilized,” Christian men) that defined international law's earlier approach. What avenues for reform, resistance, and recalibration open when we revisit the legal foundations and contemporary consequences of the dominant understanding according to which states have near-absolute authority to regulate migration as an incident of sovereignty? In the spirit of asking big questions and addressing topics of lasting relevance, this symposium seeks to problematize the view that each state has unfettered discretion to control its territory and decide who it admits “upon such conditions as it may see fit to prescribe.”1 With a surge of nationalist-populist anger and anti-immigrant sentiment rising across the globe and the corresponding shrinking of rights and protections afforded to those on the move, there is added urgency to challenge the view readily expressed in public debate that migration is an “existential threat to be managed with the full and legally unregulated power of the sovereign state.”2 This view has emboldened governments, operating alone or in concert, to invest unprecedented amounts of resources, political capital, and institutional capacity to “take back control” over borders and migration—as the Brexit slogan memorably put it. With voters across the globe naming immigration a top concern, governments are recalibrating their policies in an increasingly restrictive direction, shutting the gates of admission to would-be migrants and asylum seekers.3 The deep-seated assumption that states have inherent power over migration provides legal cover for such acts, despite the immense human toll, erosion of rights, and denial of the basic protection and dignity of those who are caught in the increasingly sweeping dragnet of ever-expanding borders and migration control regimes.4 Laws, regulations, and declarations about the urgency to “sort out the border management situation to ensure that the porous borders are addressed in a way that protects the sovereignty of our state” are nowadays proclaimed as a matter of course by public authorities in established democracies as well as autocracies, spanning the gamut from former imperial powers to post-colonial states.5 Exploring what has been forgotten or pushed underground with the triumph of the dominant understanding that states have an inherent sovereign right to control their borders—a view so prevalent that we rarely notice how it impairs our ability to imagine alternatives—is the kernel of this inquiry.
The Rise of Human Rights Limits to Migration Control – A European Perspective
Authors: Bast Jürgen
Published: October 2024

One crucial difference between migration and other areas is that the web of individual rights woven by human rights law has remained thin for a long time. Migration has long looked like the last bastion of sovereignty while other fields of law became subject to a rights revolution imposing meaningful constraints on public authorities. This essay confronts the legacy of immigration exceptionalism with developments in the European legal space since the 1990s. Catalyzed by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), human rights eventually have taken center stage in legal and political struggles challenging the power to exclude. The expansion of human rights discourse in contemporary Europe is seen as part of a larger trend. Mutually reinforcing processes of “humanrightization” in law, politics, and everyday practice have given rise to successful claims raised by migrants and other social actors seeking to limit the governmental power of migration control. Humanrightization of migration discourse makes it possible to formulate far-reaching demands for the inclusion of migrants within the framework of the recognized rules of legal argumentation—a “positivist human rights maximalism.”
Impact of a remdesivir formulary restriction by antimicrobial stewardship on drug utilization and cost at a safety-net community hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mena Lora Alfredo Jose , Huber Dylan , Li Ella , Lavani Romeen , Ali Mirza , Takhsh Eden , Burgos Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Deploying novel COVID-19 therapies proved challenging amid rapidly evolving data, drug shortages, and conflicting guidelines. We established a remdesivir formulary restriction remdesivir to promote its evidence-based use. This intervention led to changes in remdesivir utilization patterns and cost savings. Formulary restrictions can play an important role in pandemic preparedness and response.
A contextual approach to decolonising IR: Interrogating knowledge production hierarchies
Authors: Loke Beverley , Owen Catherine
Published: October 2024

Although calls to decolonise International Relations (IR) have become more prominent, the endeavour becomes infinitely more complex when searching for concrete approaches to decolonise IR knowledge production. We posit that decolonising IR, a global counter-hegemonic political project to dismantle and transform dominant knowledge production practices, must be enacted according to context-specific particularities. Contexts shape practices of epistemological decolonisation, since knowledge hierarchies are enacted and experienced – and must be challenged and dismantled – differently in different sites. Yet although acknowledged as important, contexts are understudied and under-theorised. This raises several questions: how do contexts matter to IR knowledge production, in what ways, and with what effects? This article disaggregates six contexts in IR knowledge production – material, spatial, disciplinary, political, embodied, and temporal – and explores how they impact academic practices. We bring together hitherto-disparate insights into the role of contexts in knowledge production from Global IR, Political Sociology, Feminist Studies, Higher Education Studies, and Critical Geopolitics, illustrating them with empirical evidence from 30 interviews with IR scholars across a variety of countries and academic institutions. We argue that an interrogation of the inequalities produced through these contexts brings us closer towards developing concrete tools to dismantle entrenched hierarchies in IR knowledge production.
How institutions decay: towards an endogenous theory
Authors: Herzog Lisa , Hindriks Frank , Wittek Rafael
Published: October 2024

When organizations solve collective action problems or realize values, they do so by means of institutions. These are commonly regarded as self-stabilizing. Yet, they can also be subject to endogenous processes of decay, or so we argue. We explain this in terms of psychological and cultural processes, which can change even if the formal structures remain unchanged. One key implication is that the extent to which norms, values and ideals motivate individuals to comply with institutions is limited.
Promotive factors associated with reduced anxiety and depression across three years in a prospective clinical cohort of adolescents: Examining compensatory and protective models of resilience
Authors: Ranøyen Ingunn , Wallander Jan L. , Lydersen Stian , Thomsen Per Hove , Jozefiak Thomas
Published: October 2024

The rates of anxiety and depression increase across adolescence, many experience recurrence after treatment, yet longitudinal studies examining promotive factors are scarce. We prospectively examined the role of the promotive factors structured style, personal and social competencies, family functioning, and social resources in homotypic and heterotypic continuity and discontinuity of anxiety and depression across three years in a clinical sample. Participants were adolescents with anxiety or depressive disorders aged 13–18 years at T1 (N = 717, 44% initial participation rate) and aged 16–21 years at T2 (N = 549, 80% follow-up participation rate). At T1, diagnoses were collected from medical records and participants responded to questionnaires. At T2, semi-structured diagnostic interviews were conducted. Higher levels of all promotive factors were associated with reduced probability of anxiety or depression three years later. The promotive factors were not associated with homotypic continuity of anxiety, whereas personal competence beliefs, social competence, and, less strongly, family functioning were associated with reduced homotypic continuity of depression and heterotypic continuity from depression to anxiety. Analyses with interaction terms did not indicate moderation by the promotive factors. Our findings suggest that bolstering promotive factors may be vital for increasing treatment success and preventing recurrence of anxiety and depression in the transition toward adulthood.
The Impact of a Study Trip to Auschwitz: Place-based Learning for Bioethics Education and Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Li Maxwell , Stamatin Ramona , Wald Hedy S. , Wasserman Jason Adam
Published: October 2024

There are increasing calls for coverage of medicine during the Holocaust in medical school curricula. This article describes outcomes from a Holocaust and medicine educational program featuring a study trip to Poland, which focused on physician complicity during the Holocaust, as well as moral courage in health professionals who demonstrated various forms of resistance in the ghettos and concentration camps. The trip included tours of key sites in Krakow, Oswiecim, and the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps, as well as meeting with survivors, lectures, reflective writings, and discussions. In-depth interviews and reflective writings were qualitatively analyzed. Resulting themes centered on greater understanding of the relationship between bioethics and the Holocaust, recognizing the need for moral courage and social awareness, deeper appreciation for the historical roles played by dehumanization and medical power and their contemporary manifestations, and the power of presence and experiential learning for bioethics education and professional identity formation. These findings evidence the significant impact of the experience and suggest broader adoption of pedagogies that include place-based and experiential learning coupled with critical reflection can amplify the impact of bioethics and humanism education as well as the process of professional identity formation of medical students.
Adolescents’ perceptions of food outlets in the school neighbourhood and their unhealthy snacking behaviour on the way to and from school
Authors: Situmorang Margaretha Liliana , Mandic Sandra , Keall Michael , Smith Melody , Donnellan Niamh , Coppell Kirsten J
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To understand the relationship between adolescents’ unhealthy snacking behaviour during their school journey and their perceived and objective measures of food outlet availability in the school neighbourhood.

Design:

A cross-sectional survey enquired about socio-demographic information, school transport modes, perceived presence of food outlets in the school neighbourhood and unhealthy food purchase and consumption on the school journey. A geographical information system analysis of the food outlets within 500 m and 1000 m school buffers was undertaken. Data were analysed using generalised linear mixed modelling.

Setting:

All twelve secondary schools in Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand, March 2020–June 2022.

Participants:

Adolescents aged 13–18 years (n 725) who reported being familiar with their school neighbourhood.

Results:

Perceived availability of food outlets in the school neighbourhood was inversely correlated with distance to the closest food outlet from school and positively correlated with food outlet density within 500 m and 1000 m school buffers. Adolescents’ purchase and consumption of unhealthy snacks and drinks during the school journey were associated with perceived availability of food outlets and with shorter distance to the closest food outlet from school. Mixed transport users, girls and those living in high-deprivation neighbourhoods had higher odds of purchasing and consuming unhealthy snacks and drinks during the school journey than active transport users, boys and those living in low-deprivation neighbourhoods, respectively.

Conclusions:

Adolescents perceptions of the food environment and close access to food outlets in the school neighbourhood may influence adolescents’ food purchase and consumption behaviours during the school journey.
“We Pupils Had to Hear…” Marginalised Youths’ Experiences of Racialising Language and Symbolic Violence in Swedish Schools
Authors: Jönsson Jessica H.
Published: October 2024

Guided by Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical approaches of symbolic capital and symbolic violence, this article examines the everyday mechanisms of ‘otherising’ language practices in schools that reinforce racism against marginalised youths in Sweden. The empirical material is based on focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews with youths with migrant backgrounds in Sweden. The stories told by the participants in this study indicate how young people with immigrant backgrounds are discursively racialised and otherised as a group that does not belong to Swedish society, through the articulation of negative opinions, attitudes, and ideologies as part of established colonial discourses. It is argued that the marginalisation of migrants in Sweden, which is a consequence of social policy, has even resulted in utilisation of a marginalised language — one that deviates from the majority language in several different ways.
Addressing missing persons arising from armed conflict as a driver of peace: Towards a research agenda
Authors: Robins Simon , Stockwell Jill
Published: October 2024

International humanitarian law (IHL) provides the normative foundation for efforts to address the issue of missing persons during and after armed conflict. Whilst IHL does not engage with how parties to an armed conflict may go about restoring peace, there has been speculation that resolving the missing issue, by bringing answers to families about the fate and whereabouts of their missing relatives, can potentially play a role in building peace. This article represents an effort to compile existing evidence in academic and practice literature that supports an understanding of how addressing the missing issue relates to peacebuilding. In so doing, the article seeks to lay out a research agenda to understand how addressing the issue of the missing can serve to advance peacebuilding, and proposes avenues for further research.
Komplexe Pflegesituationen
Authors: Wherry Sally-Ann , Buck Nikki
Published: October 2024

Menschen mit komplexen, vielschichtigen Gesundheits-bedürfnissen zu versorgen ist alltägliche pflegerische Aufgabe und Praxis. Dazu ist es notwendig, die Einflussfaktoren, Komorbiditäten und Versorgungsangebote zum Management der Komplexizität zu verstehen. Das Praxisbuch zum Komplexizitätsmanagement

klärt und veranschaulicht, welche Elemente und Komorbiditäten in verschiedenen Settings und Kontexten komplexe Pflegesituationen kennzeichnen
verbindet die Punkte zwischen biologischen, ökonomischen, sozialen und psychologischen Einflussfaktoren und Dimensionen, aus denen sich komplexe Pflegesituationen bilden, bündeln und erklären lassen
beschreibt Strategien, wie Pflegende komplexe Pflege-situationen einschätzen und mit Case- und Care-Management meistern können, um Klient*innen in einem gemeinsamen Entscheidungsprozess zu unterstützen
erläutert, wie Pflegende komplexe Pflegesituationen im Pflegeprozess einschätzen, mit Syndrom-Pflegediagnosen erkennen und benennen und mit Concept Mapping visualisieren und verstehen können
beschreibt die Syndrompflegediagnosen „Risiko eines Inaktivitätssyndroms“ und „Frailty Syndrom im Alter“ mit ihren Merkmalen, Einfluss- und Risikofaktoren
bietet Fallbeispiele für komplexe Pflegesituationen bei Kindern, Erwachsenen und Menschen mit Behinderungen sowie komplexe Pflegesituationen in der psychiatrischen Pflege
zeigt, wie Pflegeexperten kritisch über komplexe Pflegesituationen nachdenken, und hilft Pflegenden, mit Übungen zur reflektierten Pflegepraxis diese zu erlernen und umsetzen
erleichtert Pflegestudierenden und Pflegefachpersonen mit Fallspielen, kritischen Reflexionsfragen und exemplarischem Handeln von Pflegeexpert*innen, eigene Fertigkeiten zum professionellen Umgang mit komplexen Pflegesituationen zu erwerben.
Gesund Führen in der hybriden Arbeitswelt
Authors: Schneider Cornelia
Published: October 2024

Willkommen in der hybriden Arbeitswelt!

Sie führen Ihre Mitarbeitenden im Büro, an Produktions-
und Dienstleistungsorten sowohl in Präsenz als auch
mit Hilfe der digitalen Medien? Dann willkommen in der hybriden Arbeitswelt!

Es liegt an uns, ob diese hybride Arbeitswelt zu einer Enthumanisierung oder zu einer gesünderen und menschen-gerechteren Arbeitskultur führen wird. Den Befürchtungen, dass eine durchtechnisierte Arbeitswelt unser Fachwissen und unsere menschlichen Fähigkeiten – wie Empathie, Intuition, kritisches Denken, Kooperation und Kreativität – entwertet, können wir etwas entgegensetzen.

Es geht nicht um analog oder digital, nicht um Mensch oder Maschine, nicht um Home-Office oder Arbeit im Betrieb, nicht um Profit oder Menschlichkeit – es geht darum, das Beste aus beiden Welten miteinander zu verbinden.

Gerade Führungskräfte müssen dafür eine Form des „digitalen Humanismus“ vorleben. Das Buch unterstützt Sie mit vielen konkreten Handlungshilfen in Form von Reflexions-übungen, Checklisten und in QR-Codes hinterlegten Videos dabei, folgende Fragen zu diskutieren und zu beantworten:

Welche Führungsprinzipien aus der analogen Welt werden weiterhin gelten?
Mit welchen neuen Anforderungen müssen Sie rechnen und wie können Sie sie bewältigen, so dass Unternehmen und Menschen davon profitieren?
Wie können Sie im hybriden Arbeitsmodus – sowohl für die Mitarbeitenden als auch für sich selbst – zu Gesundheit, Motivation und Leistungsfähigkeit beitragen?
Beratung und Therapie in Trauerfällen
Authors: Worden J. William
Published: October 2024

Kummer, Schmerz und Verzweiflung nach dem Verlust eines geliebten Menschen sind natürliche Reaktionen. Oft sind Hinterbliebene fähig, eine solche Krise mit der Zeit zu überwinden und schließlich Trost zu finden. In manchen Fällen kann es jedoch hilfreich sein, professionelle Unterstützung in Anspruch zu nehmen. Fachkräfte in der Trauerberatung und -therapie können dabei helfen, Verluste zu verarbeiten und einen Weg durch die Trauer zu finden.

Die sechste, überarbeitete Auflage des Standardwerks von
J. William Worden bietet Fachpersonen einen fundierten Einblick in die Diagnose und Behandlung unterschiedlicher Arten von Verlusterfahrungen.

Darüber hinaus enthält das Werk aktualisierte Informationen zu den Traueraufgaben, zur Bedeutung sozialer Medien für die Trauerarbeit und zur Ausbildung in der Trauerbegleitung. Neue Fallvignetten, Reflexions- und Diskussionsfragen am Ende der Kapitel sowie digitales Zusatzmaterial ermöglichen eine strukturierte, praxisnahe Vertiefung der Inhalte.

Das digitale Zusatzmaterial zu diesem Buch
kann nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.