bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A computational investigation of the optimal Halton sequence in QMC applications
Authors: Bayousef Manal , Mascagni Michael
Published: August 2019

We propose the use of randomized (scrambled) quasirandom sequences for the purpose of providing practical error estimates for quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) applications.
One popular quasirandom sequence among practitioners is the Halton sequence.
However, Halton subsequences have correlation problems in their highest dimensions, and so using this sequence for high-dimensional integrals dramatically affects the accuracy of QMC.
Consequently, QMC studies have previously proposed several scrambling methods; however, to varying degrees, scrambled versions of Halton sequences still suffer from the correlation problem as manifested in two-dimensional projections.
This paper proposes a modified Halton sequence (MHalton), created using a linear digital scrambling method, which finds the optimal multiplier for the Halton sequence in the linear scrambling space.
In order to generate better uniformity of distributed sequences, we have chosen strong MHalton multipliers up to 360 dimensions.
The proposed multipliers have been tested and proved to be stronger than several sets of multipliers used in other known scrambling methods.
To compare the quality of our proposed scrambled MHalton sequences with others, we have performed several extensive computational tests that use

L
2

{L_{2}}

-discrepancy and high-dimensional integration tests.
Moreover, we have tested MHalton sequences on Mortgage-backed security (MBS), which is one of the most widely used applications in finance.
We have tested our proposed MHalton sequence numerically and empirically, and they show optimal results in QMC applications.
These confirm the efficiency and safety of our proposed MHalton over scrambling sequences previously used in QMC applications.
PYCR1 is associated with papillary renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Qiu-Li , Liu Ling
Published: August 2019

Objective

We aimed to determine the function of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) on progression of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) and related mechanism.

Methods

The TCGA database provided us expression profiles of PYCR1 and overall survival rates. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown PYCR1; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were conducted to identify the expression levels of mRNA and protein. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to explore cell viability in Ketr-3 cells. The migration and invasion of Ketr-3 cells were investigated by transwell assays.

Results

We found that PYCR1 was over-expressed in PRCC tissues and cells, causing poor outcomes. Moreover, reduction of PYCR1 played a negative role on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in tumor cells. The important Akt/mTOR pathway proteins, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), also showed lower levels compared with control groups.

Conclusion

These findings showed that disordered expression of PYCR1 could modulate PRCC progression through the Akt/mTOR pathway, implying a theoretical basis for PYCR1 as a potential therapeutic target in future clinical PRCC treatment.
Pioneers in International Administration: A Prosopography of the Directors of the League of Nations Secretariat
Authors: Kahlert Torsten
Published: August 2019

This article investigates interwar internationalism from the perspective of the highest personnel of the first large-scale international administration, the League of Nations Secretariat. It applies a prosopographical approach in order to map out the development of the composition of the group of the section directors of the Secretariat over time in terms of its social and cultural characteristics and career trajectories. The analysis of gender, age, nationality, as well as educational and professional backgrounds and careers after their service for the League’s Secretariat gives insight on how this group changed over time and what it tells us about interwar internationalism. I have three key findings to offer in this article: First, the Secretariat was far from being a static organization. On the contrary, the Secretariat’s directors developed in three generations each with distinct characteristics. Second, my analysis demonstrates a clear trend towards professionalization and growing maturity of the administration over time. Third, the careers of the directors show a clear pattern of continuity across the Second World War and beyond. Even though the careers continued in different organizational contexts, the majority of the directors remained closely connected to the world of internationalism of the League, the UN world and its surrounding organizations. On a methodological level, the article offers an example of how prosopographical analysis can be used to study international organizations.
A Measure of Judgments – Wilhelm Röpke’s Methodological Heresy
Authors: Christ Kevin
Published: August 2019

As early as 1932, Wilhelm Röpke’s social diagnosis of historical liberalism was coupled with a methodological critique of his own discipline, one in which he sought to revisit what seemed to have become settled business: the role of value judgments in social science. His interpretation of the collapse of cultural liberalism included a sense of culpability on the part of social scientists who had not been, in his view, strong enough in their defense of a moral framework within which cultural liberalism could survive. Yet the positivist movement in social science, because of its interpretation of Max Weber’s proscription, had consciously treated value statements as unscientific. Röpke’s arguments regarding the need to “re-orient” the social sciences were anti-positivist, and his correspondence with colleagues reflects that. They were views that he held to the end of his career and are an important part of our understanding of what came to be known as Röpke’s economic humanism.
Democracy by Discussion, Not Debate: James Buchanan on Freedom of Inquiry as a Methodological, not Ideological, Necessity
Authors: Boettke Peter J. , King M. Scott
Published: August 2019

Freedom of inquiry remains one of the core tenants of the liberal project. However, in a 1960 letter, James M. Buchanan argued that free inquiry was important for more than just philosophical reasons. In fact, freedom of inquiry and the ability to participate in collective choice processes was at the heart of Buchanan’s methodological commitments to social science and foundational to the entire project of Virginia Political Economy. In this paper, we will show why freedom of inquiry assumes the central place that it holds in Buchanan’s methodology and research more broadly. Insisting on inquiry being open and free to all was not simply an ideological preference held by Buchanan—rather, to him it was the only way forward for Virginia Political Economy.
Die Europäische Währungsunion aus traditioneller und moderner ordnungsökonomischer Perspektive
Authors: Feld Lars P. , Köhler Ekkehard A. , Nientiedt Daniel
Published: August 2019

Ist die Europäische Währungsunion aus ordnungsökonomischer Perspektive eine „gute“ Geldverfassung? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, unterscheiden wir zwischen einer traditionellen und eine modernen Perspektive der Ordnungsökonomik. Wir erläutern traditionelle Geldordnungsvorstellungen und vergleichen diese mit geldpolitischen Argumenten der modernen Verfassungsökonomik, insbesondere mit dem Werk von James M. Buchanan. Mit diesem Beitrag möchten wir für die Modernisierung der Ordnungsökonomik werben, um sie besser an den internationalen Diskurs in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften anschließen zu können.
70 Jahre Wirtschafts- und Währungsreform: Von der Rekonstruktionstheorie zur Ordnungspolitik
Authors: Schäfer Wolf
Published: August 2019

Es gibt mindestens zwei grundsätzlich alternative Ansätze für die Würdigung der Wirtschafts- und Währungsreform vor 70 Jahren: Die Rekonstruktionsthese besagt, dass sie im Kern keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das erhöhte Wirtschaftswachstum im Nachkriegsdeutschland gehabt habe. Das behauptete Erhardsche „Wirtschaftswunder“ sei ein Mythos. Wachstum sei vielmehr durch die langfristige Produktivität eines Landes bestimmt. Die Gegenthese lautet, dass es ohne die Währungs- und Wirtschaftsreform nicht zu dem fulminanten Wirtschaftsaufschwung in der Trizone und in Westdeutschland gekommen wäre. Denn es waren gerade die neuen Regeln der Ordnungspolitik, insbesondere der Wirtschaftsli2beralisierung, die den Schub zum erstarkten Wachstum erzeugten. Was kann man heute in Deutschland und Europa daraus lernen? Angesichts der zunehmenden staatlichen Interventions- und Regulierungsintensitäten, die sich u. a. in administrierten Höchst- und Mindestpreisen, Vorschriften, Verboten etc. dokumentieren, ist der Rückblick vor allem auf die Wirtschaftsbefreiungspolitik Ludwig Erhards vor 70 Jahren ordnungsökonomisch lehrreich.
Ordoliberalismus vs. Wirtschaftspopulismus: Unterschiedliche Konzepte für ähnliche Wähler
Authors: Hesse Nils , Karstens Felix
Published: August 2019

Die Wähler Donald Trumps, des Brexits und populistischer Parteien leitet weniger materielle Sorgen, grundsätzliche Vorbehalte gegen internationalen Freihandel oder eine ausgeprägte Fremdenfeindlichkeit. Vielmehr empfinden diese Wähler stärker als andere Wählergruppen eine politische Ohnmacht, Unbehagen angesichts des gesellschaftlichem (Werte-)Wandel und Verunsicherung über eine bislang unbekannte Migrationsdynamik. Welche Antworten können etablierte Parteien diesen Wählern geben, ohne die Position wirtschaftspopulistischer Parteien einfach zu kopieren? Wie kann der zunehmenden Spaltung der Gesellschaft Einhalt geboten werden? Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass es dazu keiner neuen politischer Konzepte und auch keiner Umverteilungsprogramme oder protektionistischen Aktionismus bedarf. Vielmehr bietet das bewährte ordoliberale Konzept überzeugende Antworten auch für eliten- und migrationsskeptische Wähler und kann so geistige Risse in der Gesellschaft kitten.
Interventionsspiralen in der Europäischen Währungsunion
Authors: Starbatty Joachim
Published: August 2019

Der entscheidende Unterschied zwischen der Währungsreform von 1948 und der Euroeinführung 1999 besteht darin, dass 1948 Preise wieder zu Knappheitssignalen wurden und 1999 die zentralen Preise, Wechselkurse und Zinsen, als Knappheitssignale abgeschafft wurden. Ludwig von Mises hat gezeigt, dass politische Interventionen in die marktwirtschaftliche Interdependenz Interventionsspiralen auslösen. Nach 1948 entfielen sie, nach der Einführung des Euro waren sie unvermeidlich. Die für die südliche Peripherie zu niedrigen Zinsen lösten Produktionsverzerrungen aus und die unterschiedliche Entwicklung der nationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit konnte nicht mehr durch Wechselkursänderungen kompensiert werden. Um den Zusammenhalt der Eurozone zu sichern, wurden die Europäischen Verträge gebrochen und die Geldpolitik wurde zu einem Paradigmenwechsel genötigt. Wegen der Fragilität der Währungsunion dreht sich die Interventionsspirale weiter. Derzeit ist absehbar, dass die einzelstaatliche Verantwortlichkeit in eine umfassende Haftungsunion einmündet.
WiFi Electromagnetic Field Modelling for Indoor Localization
Authors: Lipinski Piotr , Leplawy Marcin
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper is to develop simplified model for WiFi electromagnetic field propagation. The model can be used in preliminary estimation of WiFi transmitter localization for the purpose of WiFi-based indoor localization. It can be particularly useful when designing structural networks.We have developed a simplified linear model of WiFi electromagnetic field modelling and compared it with the most commonly used, more sophisticated models and with measurement results which were carried out in the laboratory. As demonstrated by the results of measurements conducted using various hardware, the accuracy of this simplified model introduced is similar to the commonly used models, but the number of parameters is lower. Therefore, our model easier to implement in real life conditions. The model presented in this paper enables WiFi electromagnetic field modelling when the exact values of propagation parameters and transmitter characteristics is unknown. This is usually the case at the early stage of structural network design,when exact parameters of building construction materials are not known. As the model is very simple, it does not require much effort to deploy, while its accuracy is sufficient for preliminary WiFi transmitter localization. Simplified models of WiFi electromagnetic field propagation are known, but no comparative research combined with measurements has been done in this field. This paper provides a comparison of different electromagnetic field models which can be applied to WiFi electromagnetic field propagation together with measurement results.
Influence of chemical postprocessing on mechanical properties of laser-sintered polyamide 12 parts
Authors: Wörz Andreas , Wiedau Livia C. , Wudy Katrin , Wegner Andreas , Witt Gerd , Drummer Dietmar
Published: August 2019

A limiting factor for industrial usage of laser-sintered parts is the high surface roughness due to the semi-molten or attaching powder particles resulting from tool and pressureless manufacturing. An approach to improve the surface quality is the postprocessing with acids to smoothen the surface as it enables improvement without geometrical restrictions of the parts. The present work deals with the usage of nitric, hydrochloric, and trifluoroacetic acids, and exhibits the influence on the resulting surface morphology, dimensional accuracy, and the mechanical properties. The results exhibit different interaction mechanics and show great differences in the resulting part properties.
Gene silencing of Col1α1 by RNAi in rat myocardium fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Guang-Mou , He Zi-Wei , Li Ying , Li Jing-Jing
Published: August 2019

Objective

The collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1α1) not only acts as a scaffold for the cell matrix, but also is involved in myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to screen an efficient shRNA specific to rat Col1α1 gene.

Methods

The shRNA expression plasmids targeting Col1α1 were constructed and their knockdown efficiency was examined by qPCR and Western blot.

Results

Three shRNA expression plasmids targeting Col1α1 were successfully constructed, as suggested by analysis of restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The Col1α1 shRNA-expressing plasmids were then transfected into rat cardiac fibroblasts with high efficiency. The qPCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that Col1α1 expression at both mRNA and protein level was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) in shRNA-transfected cells compared to scrambled shRNA-transfected cells.

Conclusion

A Col1α1-specific shRNA with high efficiency of gene silencing is successfully obtained. The construction of Col1α1 shRNA-expressing plasmid lays the foundation for the further studies on the role of Col1α1 gene in myocardial fibrosis.
First Principles Study of Thermodynamic Properties of CdxZn1−xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Ternary Alloys
Authors: Aarifeen Najm ul , Ahmad Afaq , Munir H. Bushra , Bakar Abu
Published: August 2019

A systematic first principles study has been carried on zinc oxide and their Cd-substituted ternary alloys in the zinc blende phase for the measurement of various thermodynamic parameters over a wide range of temperature (0–1200 K) and pressure (0–10 GPa). A significant change in various thermodynamic parameters of Cd-substituted ZnO has been noted. Cd-rich CdxZn1−xO has the least thermal conductivity, bulk modulus and Debye temperature, whereas maximum molar heat capacities, Grüneisen parameter and entropy. The anharmonicity of the semiconducting system changes in response to temperature and pressure variation, which in turn control thermal expansion. Internal energy, free energy and entropy are more temperature sensitive as compared to pressure.
“Já Não Estamos Exatamente Vivos” – pareceres da CA/MJ e possíveis aproximações de Jamais o Fogo Nunca
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel Cristina Possolo , Holl Jéssica
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa maior, ainda em desenvolvimento, que busca compreender, através das teorias feministas e suas críticas a justiça de transição, as reparações a violações a direitos humanos baseadas em gênero que foram perpetradas por agentes da ditadura brasileira (1964-1985). Tem como foco reparações a mulheres dissidentes políticas, perseguidas pelo regime. Na perspectiva de uma crítica feminista a justiça de transição, compreende-se que em regimes autoritários e no contexto de graves violações a direitos humanos, várias violações são cometidas contra mulheres pelo fato de serem mulheres. Assim, partindo dessa perspectiva, no trabalho em desenvolvimento busca-se perceber como essas violações baseadas em gênero são tratadas pelo programa de reparação brasileiro, Comissão de Anistia do Ministério da Justiça, através da análise de dois pareceres publicados no Livro dos Votos (Comissão de Anistia/MJ). Nesse sentido, complementando essa pesquisa em andamento, apresenta-se aqui uma tentativa de aproximação com a literatura ficcional que tem como contexto também um regime autoritário, através de alguns trechos do romance Jamais o Fogo Nunca, de Diamela Eltit. O monólogo em análise foi escolhido em razão de ter como personagem principal uma mulher que militou contra a ditadura chilena, regime autoritário instaurado por Augusto Pinochet, através de golpe militar, em 1973. Ressalta-se que nesse momento, apesar de não serem ignoradas, as especificidades de cada contexto histórico não serão tratadas de forma pormenorizada, a fim de que a abordagem se atenha às características das violações perpetradas contra as mulheres.
The Construction of the Status of “Victim” through the Victims and Land Restitution Law in Colombia – (re)encounters and confrontations with a legal category
Authors: Ochoa Sterling Alma Cielo
Published: August 2019

Estudar a vítima como objeto de análise nas ciências sociais e políticas produziu muitos debates epistemológicos. No presente trabalho, procuramos estudar a construção do status da vítima por meio de um dispositivo legal específico: a Lei das Vítimas e a Restituição de Terras na Colômbia (VRLV, Lei 1448 de 2011). Perguntaremos a nós mesmos: como o dispositivo legal produz “a vítima”? Nesse sentido, analisaremos como a construção do status da vítima passa não só pela auto identificação do indivíduo como vítima, e pelo reconhecimento da vítima pelo governo, mas também está incluída em um processo de vitimização coletiva e contestada. Esse processo de vitimização engloba uma série de encontros e confrontos entre o dispositivo e os atores do universo da “vítima”. No referido processo de vitimização, existe uma luta de conhecimento (de quê) e de poderes, que põe em causa a definição de violência nas sociedades pós-conflito.
Justiça de Transição, Cultura Política e Legado Autoritário no Cone Sul
Authors: Da Costa Maíra Pereira , González Rodrigo Stumpf
Published: August 2019

Com o fim de regimes autoritários e emergência de democracias, a partir de meados da década de 1970, surgiram estudos sobre as transições para o regime democrático, voltados tanto ao processo de (re)criação de instituições democráticas quanto à consolidação da democracia. Surgiram também estudos sobre Justiça de Transição, compreendendo iniciativas adotadas frente ao passado autoritário. O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir a relação entre Justiça de Transição e cultura política, a partir da utilização de instrumentos como forma de incidir sobre os legados autoritários e transformá-los com vistas à construção de uma cultura política que favoreça a democracia. Analisou-se comparativamente as iniciativas de justiça de transição adotadas por Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai e sua relação com a cultura política, utilizando dados do World Values Survey e a cobertura feita pelos principais jornais destes países. Discutiu-se, portanto, a relação entre as distintas formas como cada país lidou com o passado autoritário e as características de sua cultura política, apontando indícios que permitem apontar o uso da justiça de transição como elemento de socialização política favorável à democracia.
Quando a Política entra no Cotidiano: a atuação do DOPS em um caso no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Botelho Soares Dutra Fernandes Filipe , Kuniochi Marcia Naomi
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma ação da ditadura militar que ocorreu longe dos centros urbanos. A morte de Altair Gonçalves Nunes e Maria Paula, em Palmeira d’Oeste, aos 19 dias do mês de agosto de 1971, é um exemplo atípico de ação da ditadura militar que se passou em uma pequena cidade de pouco mais de 15 mil habitantes na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Fugindo de ações ocorridas em São Paulo na semana anterior, o casal procura no isolamento da zona rural um local seguro para se esconder dos agentes da repressão. Com base nos escritos de Philippe Ariés, é feita uma análise sobre a “politização da vida privada”, que levou o ser humano para fora de seu âmbito familiar, de modo a tentar entender como a população de Palmeira d’Oeste pode ter visto o que se passou no território da cidade, uma vez que a morte do casal fez com que os moradores se deparassem com acontecimentos político-sociais que são característicos da sociedade moderna. Durante a pesquisa para a elaboração deste trabalho, chegou-se até a ficha do DOPS de Odair Antonio Trindade, identificado como membro do Partido Operário Comunista. A partir daí, foi analisada a história do partido e como seus integrantes divergiam sobre ações de luta armada como as que levaram Altair a Maria Paula a fugir para o interior.
Deteksi Awal Retinopati Hipertensi Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan pada Citra Fundus Mata
Authors: Vincentia Violetta , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Sanubary Iklas
Published: August 2019

Identifikasi fundus mata abnormal (retinopati hipertensi) dari citra fundus mata manusia telah dilakukan menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Data yang digunakan berupa citra fundus mata normal dan fundus mata abnormal. Pengolahan awal citra dilakukan dengan menyeragamkan ukuran citra fundus menjadi 256 x 256 piksel. Citra fundus yang semula Red Green Blue (RGB) diubah menjadi citra grayscale. Citra diolah menggunakan perataan kontras, filter, penghapusan background, segmentasi dan masking untuk mendapat citra pembuluh darah.Citra diekstraksi dengan menghitung ciri statistik menggunakan grey level co-occurence matrix (GLCM) 4 arah yaitu 0o, 45o,90o, dan 135o pada jarak spasial 1. Ciri statistik yang dihitung yaitu energi, kontras, korelasi, dan homogenitas sebagai input pada JST. Data dari ekstraksi ciri diidentifikasi menggunakan jaringan syaraf tiruan propagasi balik dengan arsitektur jaringan [17 7 1] dan fungsi pelatihan traingdm. Hasil dari pelatihan jaringan menunjukkan Mean Square Error (MSE) sebesar 0,00025 sementara pengujian jaringan menunjukkan nilai MSE sebesar 0,0464 dan akurasi 80%. Metode JST dapat digunakan untuk deteksi awal retinopati hipertensi.
Investigasi Pengaruh Daya RF terhadap Morfologi Silicon Nanowire pada Penumbuhan dengan Metode PECVD
Authors: Hidayat Aulia Fikri , Winata Toto
Published: August 2019

Silicon nanowire (SiNW) merupakan material berstruktur nano yang pemanfaatannya cukup luas, diantaranya yaitu sebagai material divais elektronik, sebagai material biosensor, dan sebagai sistem pembawa obat. Penumbuhan SiNW salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan metode PECVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition). Nikel digunakan sebagai katalis dalam penumbuhan SiNW pada penelitian ini. Lapisan tipis nikel diberi perlakuan annealing pada suhu 600Â°C selama 6 jam untuk memperoleh butiran nikel sebagai pemandu tumbuhnya nanowire. Penumbuhan SiNW dilakukan dengan metode PECVD dengan memvariasikan daya frekuensi radio (RF) reaktor sebesar 8 watt, 10 watt, dan 20 watt. Diameter rata-rata untuk daya 8 watt, 10 watt, dan 20 watt berturut-turut adalah 1143,17 nm; 1490,27 nm; dan 2605,26 nm. Morfologi permukaan dilihat dengan pencitraan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Rasio aspek wire dengan daya RF penumbuhan 8 watt, 10 watt, dan 20 watt diinvestigasi dengan pencitraan SEM penampang lintang dengan hasil berturut-turut sebesar 23,3; 3,13; dan 0,33.
Desarrollo de la capacidad dinámica de absorción de conocimiento entre empresas familiares y no familiares de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: García Valenzuela Víctor Manuel , Meza Ariza Lucelly Carolina , Pedraza Bautista Fabiola
Published: August 2019

La capacidad dinámica de absorción del conocimiento (CDAC) es definida por Cohen Levinthal (1990) como la habilidad de las empresas para reconocer nueva información y lograr asimilarla con el conocimiento ya existente, para utilizarla con fines comerciales mediante la generación de ventajas competitivas y así generar valor al cliente. En una comparación entre empresas familiares vs no familiares se determina cuál de ellas genera más CDAC y a su vez se explica la relación entre sus dimensiones mediante el método de MCO aplicando 3 modelos de regresión lineal para cada categoría de empresas. Los resultados indicaron que con un 95% de confianza las empresas familiares tienen mayor capacidad de explicación y una mayor suma en los cálculos de los coeficientes de las variables introducidas en los modelos, por tanto reflejan más capacidad de absorción.
La formación de ciudadanos globales a través de la educación experiencial en los modelos de negociación
Authors: Ramírez Montañez Julio , Valero Gladys Mireya , Calles Rafael De Jesús , Morales Niño Adriana , Vera Pereira Carlos , Plata García Viviana
Published: August 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el proceso de educación experiencial desarrollado con la implementación de los modelos de negociación en escenarios reales en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Colombia), y así determinar los principales aspectos que pudieran ser considerados por las delegaciones participantes en el proceso de selección, preparación, simulación y desarrollo en este tipo de modelos. Para lograr el objetivo planteado, la metodología desarrollada se basó en el análisis de 102 encuestas realizadas a delegados de 42 universidades de 12 países que participaron en modelos de negociación en el período 2014-2018. Los resultados sugieren que los encuestados consideran que el principal beneficio de su participación en los modelos, fue la experiencia obtenida en el conocimiento del manejo de asuntos globales; así mismo, los encuestados consideran que la principal habilidad que debe tener un delegado al participar en los modelos, es saber trabajar bajo presión; de igual forma, consideran que los conocimientos adquiridos como resultado de su participación en estos modelos están relacionados con temas sobre negociación intercultural; finalmente, se determina  que la principal adversidad que los delegados han enfrentado durante los modelos, es la interacción con los demás participantes debido a diferencias ideológicas, culturales e idiomáticas.
Factores asociados con el desarrollo de la investigación en enfermería en el área clínica
Authors: Villamizar-Carvajal Beatriz , Rodríguez-Ramírez Dana , Vargas-Porras Carolina
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con el desarrollo de la investigación en enfermería en el área clínica.Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, muestra conformada por 80 enfermeras asistenciales. La información se recolectó mediante un instrumento de medición previamente validado, se elaboró la correspondiente base de datos en Excel. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico Stata 12 para el procesamiento y análisis de la información; se hizo el análisis descriptivo de los factores sociodemográficos, seguido de la evaluación de la consistencia interna del cuestionario, mediante el cálculo del coeficiente de Cronbach, así mismo, se realizó el análisis factorial exploratorio para establecer la relación entre sus variables, una prueba de X2 y una rotación de Varimax.Resultados: Se encontró que, a mayor nivel educativo, mayor motivación para investigar y sentirse capaz de liderar trabajos de investigación. Mejorar el currículum y permitir ser más competitivo. Así mismo, el menor tiempo de antigüedad y estar motivados en el trabajo anima a investigar y alcanzar un grado superior.Conclusión: Durante las últimas décadas la demanda del conocimiento y la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia ha aumentado y se requiere una colaboración entre enfermería a nivel académico y clínico para impulsar la investigación y que le sea útil a la práctica. Es necesario que las instituciones de salud favorezcan la investigación y se desarrolle una cultura para fortalecer la capacidad de investigación en los profesionales de enfermería clínicos y así, generar resultados que mejoren el cuidado de los pacientes.
Estratificação incremental com resina composta: reprodução de efeitos ópticos incisais em restauração classe IV
Authors: De Castro Pereira Alana , Schweigert Bona Vitor , Villabona Lopez Juan Pablo , Monteiro Junior Sylvio
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar o protocolo clínico utilizado na realização de  restaurações estéticas um relato de caso clínico demonstrando a técnica de estratificação incremental em resina composta para a construção dos efeitos ópticos em uma restauração do tipo Classe IV. Reproduzir as características dentais presentes no terço incisal de incisivos centrais superiores pode ser um desafio estético para o odontólogo. O profissional necessita ter o conhecimento das técnicas de inserção das diferentes camadas de resina visando garantir o mimetismo óptico dental. Além disso há uma vasta gama de compósitos que possuem diferentes graus de opacidade, croma, saturação e efeito opalescente, que aliados ao treinamento do operador, visam garantir o sucesso clínico na reprodução de tais características dentais. O resultado dependerá da criteriosa sequência de passos que envolve desde o diagnóstico até as etapas de acabamento e polimento.
Abordagem conservadora em restaurações posteriores com compósitos: acompanhamento clínico de 2 anos
Authors: De Castro Pereira Alana , Milano San Martins Ândria , Schweigert Bona Vitor , Carpena Lopes Guilherme , Monteiro Junior Sylvio
Published: August 2019

A substituição de restaurações defeituosas por novas vem sendo um dos principais motivos de procedimentos restauradores. Porém sabe-se que durante a remoção do material antigo há um progressivo aumento do tamanho da cavidade, fragilizando o remanescente dental sadio. A odontologia moderna e o advento dos protocolos adesivos permitem que o odontólogo opte por um plano de tratamento mais conservador. Como uma alternativa à substituição total da restauração pode-se realizar tanto o re-polimento superficial devolvendo lisura e brilho ou ainda o reparo restaurador, que com adição de compósito é possível reanatomizar e regularizar a cor de restaurações de resinas antigas, porém bem adaptadas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer um relato de caso clínico de uma abordagem conservadora em restaurações posteriores com compósitos, demonstrando a técnica e o sucesso clínico após um acompanhamento de dois anos.
State, Religious Education, and Prevention of Violent Extremism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah
Published: August 2019

In the last two decades, violent extremism has become the center of attention for the world. The 9/11 attack in New York which devastated the World Trade Center (WTC) twin towers were a “big bang” for the violence phenomena triggered by the existence of radical religious ideas. The tragedy carried out by the al-Qaeda extremist group triggered tension in many countries which at some level it gave birth to the symptoms of a so-called called “Islamophobia”—a religious perspective that sees Islam as the estuary of violence. That dark event, then, has signaled a new chapter in the portrait of global diversity.Since then, violent extremism phenomena have been increasingly affecting the Southeast Asian region. Bali Bombing I (2002), Bali Bombing II (2005), attacks on the Ahmadiya group in Cikeusik, Banten (2011), Sunni conflicts with Shia community in Sampang, Madura (2013), burning of churches in Singkil, Aceh and burning of mosques in Tolikara, Papua (2015), the bombing on Thamrin Street, Jakarta (2016) and the suicide bombings in three churches in Surabaya (2018) have shown us that violent extremism was a bitter experience for Indonesia. This gives a gloomy representation for the essence of religious understanding that rests on the idea of raḥmatan li al-‘ālamīn—becoming a blessing for the entire universe. Also, the phenomena have alarmed us to be cautious and worry about threats on Indonesianism that upholds diversity.
24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Impulsivity
Authors: Guerrero Michelle D. , Barnes Joel D. , Walsh Jeremy J. , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Tremblay Mark S. , Goldfield Gary S.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:

The objective of this study was to examine individual and concurrent associations between meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (9–11 hours of sleep per night, ≤2 hours of recreational screen time (ST) per day, and at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day) and dimensions of impulsivity.

METHODS:

Data from this cross-sectional observational study were part of the first annual curated release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Participants included 4524 children between the ages of 8 and 11 years.

RESULTS:

In analyses, it was shown that adherence to individual movement behavior recommendations as well as combinations of adherence to movement behavior recommendations were associated with each dimension of impulsivity. Meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower positive urgency (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.12 to −0.05), negative urgency (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.08), Behavioral Inhibition System (95% CI: −0.08 to −0.01), greater perseverance (95% CI: 0.09 to 0.15), and better scores on delay-discounting (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.94). Meeting the ST and sleep recommendations was associated with less impulsive behaviors on all dimensions of impulsivity: negative urgency (95% CI: −0.20 to −0.10), positive urgency (95% CI: −0.16 to −0.08), perseverance (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.15), Behavioral Inhibition System (95% CI: −0.15 to −0.03), Behavioral Activation System (BAS) reward responsiveness (95% CI: −0.04 to −0.05), BAS drive (95% CI: −0.14 to −0.06), BAS fun-seeking (95% CI: −0.15 to −0.17), and delay-discounting task (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.97).

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings support efforts to determine if limiting recreational ST while promoting adequate sleep enhances the treatment and prevention of impulsivity-related disorders.
A caminhada cristã: traduções de metáforas em O Peregrino
Authors: Brezolin Adauri , Cardoso Priscila Klein
Published: August 2019

A alegoria cristã, O Peregrino (em inglês, The Pilgrim’s Progress), de John Bunyan (1678), considerada uma das obras mais significativas da literatura inglesa, foi de grande importância para a formação dos cristãos. Desde sua publicação, vem sendo traduzida para várias línguas com propósitos de evangelização. Esta análise comparativa de metáforas a partir das traduções para português brasileiro de Robert Kalley (1856) e de Eduardo Ferreira (2006) objetiva verificar como cada tradutor lidou com essa figura de linguagem, amplamente empregada na obra. Após cotejo entre os textos, excertos com esse recurso expressivo foram selecionados e analisados segundo a teoria de metáfora conceptual (LAKOFF JOHNSON, 2003) e equivalência pragmática na tradução (BAKER, 2001). Os resultados revelam as diferentes soluções dadas por cada tradutor: manutenção total, manutenção parcial e/ou omissão das metáforas.
Gratidão a benfeitores e reflexões sobre educação moral
Authors: Siqueira Felipe Queiroz , Freitas Lia Beatriz De Lucca
Published: August 2019

cumentos como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) enfatizam a relevância da educação moral. Tratar de virtudes em ambiente escolar é importante, uma vez que estimula um convívio mais genuíno entre os indivíduos. A gratidão é fundamental para criar, manter ou fortalecer vínculos, originando um ciclo de ajuda e suporte mútuos, podendo contrabalançar valores típicos da sociedade contemporânea, como o individualismo e o hedonismo. Entretanto, em uma relação de gratidão é necessário investigar não apenas características do beneficiário, mas também do benfeitor. Este estudo, então, teve o objetivo de investigar quem são os benfeitores apontados por crianças e adolescentes, além de verificar relações entre tipos de benfeitor, idade, tipos de desejo e formas de gratidão. Participaram 283 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos. Utilizou-se a versão em português do The Wishes and Gratitude Survey (WAGS). Realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo das respostas e rodaram-se análises descritivas e testes qui-quadrado com as variáveis de interesse. A maioria dos jovens mencionou benfeitores próximos. Essa menção foi mais frequente em crianças do que em adolescentes. Tipos de benfeitor relacionaram-se a tipos de desejo, mas não a formas de gratidão. Os resultados contribuem para um melhor entendimento dessa virtude, o que permite a elaboração de estratégias para estimular o desenvolvimento moral dos alunos.
Study of Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion in Yttria-doped Ceria and Yttria-stabilized Zirconia by Statistical Moment Method
Authors: Lam Le Thu , Hung Vu Van , Hai Nguyen Thanh
Published: August 2019

Oxygen vacancy diffusion in yttria-doped ceria (YDC) and yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) are investigated using statistical moment method, including the anharmonicity effects of thermal lattice vibrations. The expressions of oxygen vacancy-dopant association energy and oxygen vacancy migration energy are derived in an explicit form. Calculation of the vacancy migration energy enable us to evaluate the important role of dopant cation on the oxygen vacancydiffusion. The dependences of the vacancy activation energies and diffusion coefficients in YDC and YSZ systems on dopant concentration are also discussed in detail. The calculated results are in good agreement with the other theoretical and experimental results.
Applying Fiber Bragg Grating for Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Pakdeevanich Paradorn , Likittananan Nattapon , Promsen Worrapass
Published: August 2019

In this work, we interested to utilize Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for monitoring sound intensity level. Acoustic disturbance could induce strain and changing the refractive index of FBG. Therefore, light will interfere for the trough of transmission at one specific wavelength satisfied Bragg’s condition. In our demonstrations, FBG sensor was perturbed with sound intensity levels of 60, 80 and 100 dB , the measuring Bragg wavelength were recorded at 1552 nm, 1553 nm and 1555 nm, respectively. It was found that the Bragg wavelength shift has a quite linear variation with sound intensity level. In addition, the sensitivity for sensor was 0.0566 nm/dB. The obtained results are promising for developing acoustic and vibration sensors.
Influence of Mn\(^{2+}\) Doping on Structural Phase Transformation and Optical Property of TiO\(_2\):Mn\(^{2+}\) Nanoparticles
Authors: Loan Trinh Thi , Long Nguyen Ngoc
Published: August 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with various Mn2+-doping concentration (from 0 to 12 mol%) were successfully synthesized by the sol–gel method using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), and manganese II chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2.4H2O)  as precursors. The phase and crystallinity of the synthesized materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectroscopy. Diffuse reflection and photoluminescence spectra were taken to investigate the absorption and emission characteristics of the synthesized samples. The results show that the anatase and rutile phases existed simultaneously in all the doping TiO2 nanoparticles and the Mn2+ doping enhances anatase-rutile transformation. The Mn2+ contents did not affect the lattice of TiO2 host, but affected positions of its Raman modes. The optical band gap of the TiO2:Mn2+ decreases with the increase of doping concentration. Photoluminescence spectra of the TiO2:Mn2+ nanopaticles showed the transitions between the bands, the transitions related to defect states and the Mn2+ ion doping leads to quenching the photoluminescence.
Towards Task Understanding in Visual Settings
Authors: Santy Sebastin , Zulfikar Wazeer , Mehrotra Rishabh , Yilmaz Emine
Published: August 2019

We consider the problem of understanding real world tasks depicted in visual images. While most existing image captioning methods excel in producing natural language descriptions of visual scenes involving human tasks, there is often the need for an understanding of the exact task being undertaken rather than a literal description of the scene. We leverage insights from real world task understanding systems, and propose a framework composed of convolutional neural networks, and an external hierarchical task ontology to produce task descriptions from input images. Detailed experiments highlight the efficacy of the extracted descriptions, which could potentially find their way in many applications, including image alt text generation.
Examining Political Trustworthiness through Text-Based Measures of Ideology
Authors: Sapiro-Gheiler Eitan
Published: August 2019

This work shows the value of word-level statistical data from the US Congressional Record for studying the ideological positions and dynamic behavior of senators. Using classification techniques from machine learning, we predict senators’ party with near-perfect accuracy. We also develop text-based ideology scores to embed a politician’s ideological position in a one-dimensional policy space. Using these scores, we find that speech that diverges from voting positions may result in higher vote totals. To explain this behavior, we show that politicians use speech to move closer to their party’s average position. These results not only provide empirical support for political economy models of commitment, but also add to the growing literature of machine-learning-based text analysis in social science contexts.
Towards Sequence-to-Sequence Reinforcement Learning for Constraint Solving with Constraint-Based Local Search
Authors: Spieker Helge
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a framework for solving constraint problems with reinforcement learning (RL) and sequence-tosequence recurrent neural networks. We approach constraint solving as a declarative machine learning problem, where for a variable-length input sequence a variable-length output sequence has to be predicted. Using randomly generated instances and the number of constraint violations as a reward function, a problem-specific RL agent is trained to solve the problem. The predicted solution candidate of the RL agent is verified and repaired by CBLS to ensure solutions, that satisfy the constraint model. We introduce the framework and its components and discuss early results and future applications.
An Adaptive Framework for Conversational Question Answering
Authors: Su Lixin , Guo Jiafeng , Fan Yixing , Lan Yanyan , Zhang Ruqing , Cheng Xueqi
Published: August 2019

In Conversational Question Answering (CoQA), humans propose a series of questions to satisfy their information needs. Based on our preliminary analysis, there are two major types of questions, namely verification questions and knowledgeseeking questions. The first one is to verify some existing facts, while the latter is to obtain new knowledge about some specific object. These two types of questions differ significantly in their answering ways. However, existing methods usually treat them uniformly, which may easily be biased by the dominant type of questions and obtain inferior overall performance. In this work, we propose an adaptive framework to handle these two types of questions in different ways based on their own characteristics. We conduct experiments on the recently released CoQA benchmark dataset, and the results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods.
An Optimal Rewiring Strategy for Cooperative Multiagent Social Learning
Authors: Tang Hongyao , Hao Jianye , Wang Li , Baarslag Tim , Wang Zan
Published: August 2019

Multiagent coordination in cooperative multiagent systems (MASs) has been widely studied in both fixed-agent repeated interaction setting and static social learning framework. However, two aspects of dynamics in real-world MASs are currently missing. First, the network topologies can dynamically change during the course of interaction. Second, the interaction utilities between each pair of agents may not be identical and not known as a prior. Both issues mentioned above increase the difficulty of coordination. In this paper, we consider the multiagent social learning in a dynamic environment in which agents can alter their connections and interact with randomly chosen neighbors with unknown utilities beforehand. We propose an optimal rewiring strategy to select most beneficial peers to maximize the accumulated payoffs in long-run interactions. We empirically demonstrate the effects of our approach in large-scale MASs.
Binary Classifier Inspired by Quantum Theory
Authors: Tiwari Prayag , Melucci Massimo
Published: August 2019

Machine Learning (ML) helps us to recognize patterns from raw data. ML is used in numerous domains i.e. biomedical, agricultural, food technology, etc. Despite recent technological advancements, there is still room for substantial improvement in prediction. Current ML models are based on classical theories of probability and statistics, which can now be replaced by Quantum Theory (QT) with the aim of improving the effectiveness of ML. In this paper, we propose the Binary Classifier Inspired by Quantum Theory (BCIQT) model, which outperforms the state of the art classification in terms of recall for every category.
MaMiC: Macro and Micro Curriculum for Robotic Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Tomar Manan , Sathuluri Akhil , Ravindran Balaraman
Published: August 2019

Generating a curriculum for guided learning involves subjecting the agent to easier goals first, and then gradually increasing their difficulty. This work takes a similar direction and proposes a dual curriculum scheme for solving robotic manipulation tasks with sparse rewards, called MaMiC. It includes a macro curriculum scheme which divides the task into multiple subtasks followed by a micro curriculum scheme which enables the agent to learn between such discovered subtasks. We show how combining macro and micro curriculum strategies help in overcoming major exploratory constraints considered in robot manipulation tasks without having to engineer any complex rewards and also illustrate the meaning and usage of the individual curricula. The performance of such a scheme is analysed on the Fetch environments.
Transductive Zero-Shot Learning via Visual Center Adaptation
Authors: Wan Ziyu , Li Yan , Yang Min , Zhang Junge
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a Visual Center Adaptation Method (VCAM) to address the domain shift problem in zero-shot learning. For the seen classes in the training data, VCAM builds an embedding space by learning the mapping from semantic space to some visual centers. While for unseen classes in the test data, the construction of embedding space is constrained by a symmetric Chamfer-distance term, aiming to adapt the distribution of the synthetic visual centers to that of the real cluster centers. Therefore the learned embedding space can generalize the unseen classes well. Experiments on two widely used datasets demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.