bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Protein in Selected Infant Formula Using Dye-Binding and Formol Methods
Authors: Zakari Suleiman , Martha Moses , Bawa Inalegwu , Ogbu Celestine O. , Zakari Hajara , Itodo Ocheleka M. , Matilda Ameh Felicia
Published: May 2022

Aim: The protein content of some infant milk formula was determined using Dye-binding and Formol methods in comparison to the manufacturer’s values as reference.

Study Design: The study was an experimental design.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the laboratory of Chemistry department, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria between June, 2021 and December, 2021.

Methodology: Dye-binding Method was done by weighing about 5 g of the baby milk samples into beakers and 100 mL distilled water was added and mixed thoroughly. 20 mL of diluted 80% orange G dye solution was added to 2 mL of the milk solution and shaked vigorously. The sample was centrifuged at 820 rpm for 5 minutes and a clear filtrate obtained whose absorbance was then analyzed using spectrophotometer.  For Formol Method I g of each of the milk samples was weighed into different beakers then 10 mL of distilled water and 0.7 mL saturated potassium oxalate was added along with 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the mixture. Two drops of NaOH solution was titrated into the mixture and a pink colour appeared which diminished immediately. About 2 mL of formaldehyde was added and shaken for few seconds then titrated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) until the mixture turned light pink.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of protein content using Dye-binding method are; Peak baby milk 2.49 ± 0.13 g, My boy milk 2.54 ± 0.06 g. For formol methods Peak baby milk has 0.13 ± 0.01 g and My boy milk 0.1 ± 0.01 g. The result showed that both infant formula under the Dye-binding method and formol method was significantly different (p<0.05) when compared to the reference value (1.7 Peak baby and 0.11 My boy). However, values obtained from Formol method for My boy milk was closest to the reference (factory value) only a slight difference of about 0.01 g.

Conclusion: In conclusion, Formol method is more closely related to the reference values (manufacturer’s values). Thus, the Formol titration may be used with confidence as a quick test for approximating the protein content of skim milk solids which is typical of baby milks.
Assessment of the Woundy Healing Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Diospyros hoyleana (F.) White (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Fannang Simone Veronique , Manaoda Antoine Vayaraï , Meva François Eya’ane , Loe Gisele Etame , Mvomo Benoit Deschamps Mbida , Yinyang Jacques , Ngene Jean pierre
Published: May 2022

Wounds are an extremely common reason for consultation in emergency departments. They mostly result from traffic accidents but also of different traumatisms. Their healing is possible thanks to a natural, spontaneous and coordinated process set up by the body. This process can be accelerated by the use of synthetic, biosynthetic or natural healing agents. Indeed, many medicinal plants are endowed with healing properties such as Diospyros hoyleana F. White, whose leaves help in the management of wounds. The present study consists in carrying out a phytochemical screening, evaluating the acute toxicity (oral and cutaneous) and determining the healing activity of the aqueous extract of Diospyros hoyleana leaves in comparison with that of BIAFINE®.

A phytochemical screening was carried out in order to highlight the presence of secondary metabolites responsible for the healing activity. Acute oral and cutaneous toxicity tests were carried out on different batches of rats. Subsequently, the evaluation of the healing activity by induction of traumatic lesions on batches of rats was made. The evolution of wounds of the different batches was compared on the one hand by calibrated photography and on the other hand by histological analysis.

At the end of this study, the results show that the aqueous extract of Diospyros hoyleana leaves has a healing activity with a healing profile at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg similar to that of BIAFINE.

The aqueous extract of Diospyros hoyleana leaves has healing activity with a healing profile similar to that of trolamine at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Flavonoids or tannins could be responsible for this activity.
Studi Pengaruh Waktu Injeksi, Tekanan Bahan Bakar, dan Tekanan Turbo Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel 2GD-FTV
Authors: Sutrisno Teng , Purnomo Pradityo Putra
Published: May 2022

Motor Diesel dipengaruhi oleh beberapa aspek operasional. Diantaranya: waktu pengi­njeksian bahan bakar (timing injection), tekanan bahan bakar (fuel pressure), dan tekanan udara yang masuk (boost pressure). Modifikasi akan dilakukan untuk mengubah parameter menggunakan piggyback. Terdapat tiga hal yang akan diteliti, yaitu mengamati perubahan pada daya dan torsi jika mengubah parameter fuel pressure, parameter injection timing, dan parameter tekanan turbo. Pengujian dilakukan meng­gunakan alat bernama On-Wheel Dynamometer untuk mengetahui daya dan torsi yang dihasilkan pada kendaraan bermotor. Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel dapat meningkat Daya sebanyak 8% dan torsi sebanyak 11% dengan perubahan parameter pressure fuel +20, injection timing +5°, dan parameter turbo pressure 1.2 bar.
‘Great fears of the sickness here in the City … God preserve us all …’ A plague burial ground in Leith, 1645
Authors: Stoakley Megan , Newman Richard , Crone Anne , Gardiner Lynne F , Bailey Adrian , Haggarty George , Montgomery Janet , Jay Mandy , Nowell Geoff , Peterkin Jo
Published: May 2022

In 2016, Wardell Armstrong undertook an archaeological excavation at St Mary’s (Leith) RC Primary School, Edinburgh (NGR: NT 27750 75980). The archaeological excavation revealed four phases of activity; Phases 1 and 2 comprised coffined and uncoffined human burials. The lack of infectious pathognomic skeletal lesions, the dating of the finds, the dendrochronological analysis of the coffin wood and technological data, along with the known historic land-use of the area, all indicate that the burial ground relates to the 1645 outbreak of plague in Leith. Dendrochronological analysis revealed a terminus post quem felling date of c 1640 for the coffin wood, while analysis of the coffins’ manufacture revealed hasty construction methods. Phase 3 comprised a series of waste disposal pits of 19th-century date. Phase 4 comprised levelling deposits, which were likely associated with the construction of the school and the demolition of the 19th-century smallpox hospital located to the north of the site. A total of 81 individuals were interred at the site. Adults represent 68.3% while non‐adults represent 31.7%. All age groups were present except neonates. Artefacts including keys, coins, sewing kits and combs were recovered. That the bodies were interred seemingly fully clothed and the corpses not rifled prior to burial strongly indicates a fear of the diseased corpse. The presence of everyday items on the bodies may also indicate a more sudden death outside the sick bed, possibly indicating the occurrence of septicaemic plague. Frequent occupation and attrition-related skeletal and dental pathologies indicate lives characterised by poverty and toil. Strontium analysis revealed that almost all individuals were local to Leith; several individuals had rosary or paternoster beads, indicating a likely Catholic affiliation, which would have been risky given that the pro-Presbyterian Covenant was signed in Leith in 1638. In contrast to older children, the younger children were interred in coffins, indicating differing views on the treatment of the body.
Projetos políticos e crises econômicas: análise do caso do Banco do Brasil na crise bancária de 1864
Authors: Gambi Thiago Fontelas Rosado
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo analisa a atuação do Banco do Brasil na crise bancária de 1864, a chamada crise do Souto, e discute sua inserção no projeto político do partido conservador. Tal projeto influenciou, de modo decisivo, a política econômica imperial nesse período. Inicialmente, discute a criação do banco, em 1853, no contexto do projeto político acima referido. Apresenta, então, a lógica de atuação do banco em períodos de ‘normalidade’ da economia brasileira e a influência do pensamento econômico metalista na formulação da política econômica imperial. Finalmente, discute a efetiva atuação do Banco do Brasil na crisebancária de 1864, procurando mostrar que havia uma lógica na atuação do banco que foi interrompida na crise, quando as reais condições da economia nacional acabaram predominando sobre o ideal da política econômica inserida no projeto político conservador.
Nonlinear oscillator design based on phase reduction method for closed‐loop system
Authors: Hongu Junichi , Iba Daisuke
Published: May 2022

To widely utilize the synchronization properties of nonlinear oscillators in the control and signal processing engineering field, a common design method for a nonlinear oscillator model would be helpful. The output response of a nonlinear oscillator excited by a periodic signal implicitly includes the information of both the instantaneous phase and the amplitude of the input signal. Explicitly expressing the dynamics of both phase and amplitude with the phase reduction method, and organizing them by the number of events in one period, could enable the design of a nonlinear oscillator model in the same manner that can synchronize with an arbitrary cyclic phenomenon in a broad sense. Assuming the cyclic phenomenon is a single periodic signal, the property of the generalized nonlinear oscillator model has the role as a common‐dimensional observer to attain the pseudo‐property of both iso‐damping and flat‐gain. Thus, this article determines the essential role of the nonlinear oscillator inserted in the closed‐loop system through investigating the input–output characteristic of the generalized nonlinear oscillator model. As a result of the numerical simulation using a simple vibration excitation and suppression system, it was found that using the generalized nonlinear oscillator model enables us to easily build the closed‐loop system including the pseudo‐property of both iso‐damping and flat‐gain.
Construction of N, P Co‐Doped Carbon Frames Anchored with Fe Single Atoms and Fe2P Nanoparticles as a Robust Coupling Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Pan Yuan , Ma Xuelu , Wang Minmin , Yang Xuan , Liu Shoujie , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Zhuang Zeweng , Zhang Yanhui , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Zhang Chao , Cao Xing , Shen Rongan , Xu Qian , Zhu Wei , Liu Yunqi , Wang Xingdong , Zhang Xuejiang , Yan Wensheng , Li Jun , Chen Hao Ming , Chen Chen , Li Yadong
Published: May 2022

A coupling catalyst of highly dispersed N, P co‐doped carbon frames (NPCFs) anchored with Fe single atoms (SAs) and Fe2P nanoparticles (NPs) is synthesized by a novel in situ doping–adsorption–phosphatization strategy for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The optimized Fe SAs‐Fe2P NPs/NPCFs‐2.5 catalyst shows a superior ORR activity and stability in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 0.1 m KOH, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal a synergistic effect, in that the existence of Fe2P weakens the adsorption of ORR intermediates on active sites and lowers the reaction free energy. The doped P atoms with a strong electron‐donating ability elevate the energy level of Fe‐3d orbitals and facilitate the adsorption of O2. The active Fe atoms exist in a low oxidation state and are less positively charged, and they serve as an electron reservoir capable of donating and releasing electrons, thus improving the ORR activity. Operando and in situ characterization results indicate that the atomically dispersed FeN4/FeP coupled active centers in the Fe SAs‐Fe2P NPs/NPCFs‐2.5 catalyst are characteristic of the different catalytic mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media. This work proposes a novel idea for constructing coupling catalysts with atomic‐level precision and provides a strong reference for the development of high‐efficiency ORR electrocatalysts for practical application.
Polar Photovoltaic Effect in Chiral Alternating Cations Intercalation‐Type Perovskites Driving Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Wu Hongchun , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Xinyuan , Peng Yu , Yao Yunpeng , Ye Huang , Weng Wen , Lin Wenxiong , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2022

Chiral alternating cations intercalation‐type (ACI) perovskites, which are capable of great structural flexibility and a suitable quantum well barrier thickness that facilitates better charge transport, are urgently desired for circularly polarized light (CPL) detection. However, the chiral–polar photovoltaic effect (CPPE) in chiral ACI perovskites has never been reported although CPPE will provide great opportunities for future sustainable development. Here, by transmuting the organic ligands in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper‐type (RP) perovskites, two chiral–polar photovoltaic ACI perovskites (R/S‐PPA)EAPbCl4 (1R/1S) are successfully developed, which are stabilized by the alternating ordering of the short alkyl EA (EA = ethylammonium) and chiral aromatic PPA (PPA = 1‐phenylpropylamine) cations in the interlayer space. Particularly, converting chiral RP into ACI perovskites gives rise to a remarkable CPPE and suitable quantum well barrier thickness. These features contribute to the exploration of self‐powered ultraviolet CPL detection with an asymmetry factor up to 0.4, which reaches the highest value among the reported layered chiral perovskites. This is thought to be the first realization of CPPE in ACI perovskites, which paves the way for the application of chiral perovskites for self‐powered short‐wave ultraviolet CPL detection.
Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Arylation of Isatoic Anhydride with Diaryliodonium Salts for Synthesis of N‐Phenylated Isatoic Anhydrides
Authors: Wu Xi‐Xi , He Yonghui , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Li Ganpeng
Published: May 2022

A copper‐catalyzed N‐arylation of various isatoic anhydrides with diaryliodonium salts was developed by using inexpensive CuI as the catalyst under mild conditions. The method provides diverse N‐Phenylated isatoic anhydrides in high yields (up to 97%). The mechanism of the N‐arylation reaction is proposed to involve an electrophilic addition process.
The State of the Art: Mediation Under Title IX Regulations
Authors: Cole Sarah R.
Published: May 2022

Despite considerable investments of time and resources, universities have struggled to develop a uniform approach to addressing student allegations of sexual misconduct on campus. These allegations, if handled improperly, may cause universities to be liable for Title IX violations. The constantly changing Title IX Regulations have made university efforts to address sexual misconduct all the more difficult.
Ligand‐Controlled NiH‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Chain‐Walking Hydroalkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Yuqin , Liu Mengyuan , Xie Leipeng , Liang Jimin , Shi Haoran , Meng Xiao , Chen Zhengyang , Han Jian , Wang Chao
Published: May 2022

A NiH‐catalyzed migratory hydroalkylation of alkenyl amines with predictable and switchable regioselectivity is reported. By utilizing a ligand‐controlled, directing group‐assisted strategy, various alkyl units are site‐selectively installed at inert sp3 C−H sites far away from the original C=C bonds. A range of structurally diverse α‐ and β‐branched protected amines are conveniently synthesized via stabilization of 5‐ and 6‐membered nickelacycles respectively. This method exhibits broad scope and high functional group tolerance, and can be applied to late‐stage modification of medicinally relevant molecules.
Solid oxide fuel cell using agroforestry waste as fuel: A balance between power output and fuel utilization
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zhou Na , Zhang Rong , An Wenting , Li Si‐Dian , Jiao Yong
Published: May 2022

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has the potential to convert biomass to electrical power cleanly and efficiently by integrating with in situ gasification of biomass. It is necessary to keep a balance between maximizing the power output of fuel cells and minimizing the pretreatment of biomass. Herein, we report the comparison of output performance between the apple tree branches (ATB) dried at 110°C and the one pyrolyzed at 500°C in SOFCs. The results show that the peak power densities (PPD) of SOFCs operated at 850°C were 157 and 238 mW cm−2for the dried and the pyrolyzed samples, respectively. And the corresponding apparent fuel utilizations for them were 18.1% and 24.6%, respectively. However, if counting the pyrolysis yield (~28 wt%), the overall fuel utilization of the pyrolyzed sample declined from 24.6% to ~6.9%. In addition, if loading the steel slag (SS)‐based catalyst catalyst to the dried sample, its PPD at 850°C were almost doubled to 303 mW cm−2, but the fuel utilization reduced to 9.2%. Meanwhile, SOFCs using the medium‐density fiberboard (MDF) as fuel exhibited the parallel trends in electrochemical performance and fuel utilization.
Joint‐Specific Memory and Sustained Risk for New Joint Accumulation in Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Chang Margaret H. , Bocharnikov Alexandra V. , Case Siobhan M. , Todd Marc , Laird‐Gion Jessica , Alvarez‐Baumgartner Maura , Nigrovic Peter A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Inflammatory arthritides exhibit hallmark patterns of affected and spared joints, but in each individual, arthritis affects only a subset of all possible sites. The purpose of this study was to identify patient‐specific patterns of joint flare to distinguish local from systemic drivers of disease chronicity.

Methods

Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis followed without interruption from disease onset into adulthood were identified across 2 large academic centers. Joints inflamed at each visit were established by medical record review. Flare was defined as physician‐confirmed joint inflammation following documented inactive disease.

Results

Among 222 adults with JIA, 95 had complete serial joint examinations dating from disease onset in childhood. Mean follow‐up was 12.5 years (interquartile range 7.9–16.7 years). Ninety (95%) of 95 patients achieved inactive disease, after which 81% (73 patients) experienced at least 1 flare. Among 940 joints affected in 253 flares, 74% had been involved previously. In flares affecting easily observed large joint pairs where only 1 side had been involved before (n = 53), the original joint was affected in 83% and the contralateral joint in 17% (P < 0.0001 versus random laterality). However, disease extended to at least 1 new joint in ~40% of flares, a risk that remained stable even decades after disease onset, and was greatest in flares that occurred while patients were not receiving medication (54% versus 36% of flares occurring with therapy; odds ratio 2.09, P = 0.015).

Conclusion

Arthritis flares preferentially affect previously inflamed joints but carry an ongoing risk of disease extension. These findings confirm joint‐specific memory and suggest that prevention of new joint accumulation should be an important target for arthritis therapy.
Hydroxy‐Tetraphenylimidazole Derivatives as Efficient Blue Emissive Materials for Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Li Wan , Chasing Pongsakorn , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Sukpattanacharoen Chattarika , Kungwan Nawee , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: May 2022

Herein, three hydroxy‐tetraphenylimidazole (HPI)‐based fluorophores (HPI‐TPA, HPI‐PCz, and HPI‐CzP) are designed and synthesized by disubstituted HPI core with arylamine units of triphenylamine (TPA), phenyl carbazole (PCz), and carbazole phenyl (CzP) at 3,5‐positions of the N‐phenyl ring of HPI, respectively. Their photophysical properties are theoretically and experimentally examined. HPI‐TPA shows a hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state characteristic and emits deep blue color via an HLCT mechanism, while both HPI‐PCz and HPI‐CzP exhibit excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) property and display pure keto form emissions. They possess high thermal stability and are successfully fabricated as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). All devices exhibit intense blue color emissions with low turn‐on voltages (3.5–3.7 V). Particularly, HPI‐TPA‐based OLED emits light in the deep‐blue region with a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 3.77% and a decent efficiency roll‐off.
Metal ion‐mediated carbon dot nanoprobe for fluorescent turn‐on sensing of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhu Bin , Han Yejiao , Yang Xin , Xu Yanan , Cheng Ying , Liu Taotao , Wu Jiana , Li Shengling , Ding Lifeng , Bai Jingjing , Niu Yulan
Published: May 2022

In this work, carbon dots (CDs) was easily synthesized from aspartic acid through a pyrolysis method. Based on their favourable fluorescence properties, CDs were utilized to design a metal ion‐mediated fluorescent probe for N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) detection. The fluorescence intensity of CDs was firstly quenched by manganese ions (Mn2+) through static quenching effect and subsequently restored by NAC via the combination with Mn2+ due to the coordination effect. Therefore, the fluorescent turn‐on sensing of NAC was actuated based on the fluorescence quenching stimulated by Mn2+ and recovery induced by coordination. The fluorescence recovery efficiencies showed a proportional range to the concentration of NAC in the range 0.04–5 mmol L−1 and the detection limit was 0.03 mmol L−1. Furthermore, this metal ion‐mediated fluorescent nanoprobe was applied to human urine sample detection and the standard recovery rates were located in the range 97.62–102.34%. This was the first time that Mn2+ was used to construct a fluorescent nanoprobe for NAC. Compared with other heavy metal ions, Mn2+ with good biosecurity prevented the risk of application, which made the nanoprobe green and biopractical. The facile synthesis of CDs and novel metal ion‐mediated sensing mode made it a promising method for pharmaceutical analysis.
What do you see? Understanding perceptions of police use of force videos as a function of the camera perspective
Authors: Korva Natasha , Bennell Craig , Lalumière Martin L. , Karimullah Mirza
Published: May 2022

Some research suggests that video‐recorded police incidents may be subject to a camera perspective bias. This study examined whether the camera angle of a recorded police use of force encounter influenced interpretation of the video. Participants (n = 330) viewed a video‐recorded simulated use of force scenario in one of four camera angle conditions (body worn camera, bystander camera, security camera, all three camera angles), and then rated the conduct of the police officer and the subject. Participants' attitudes towards the police and legal system were also examined. Results indicated that camera angle did not directly impact viewers' judgment of the scenario, but pre‐existing biases about the police guided their interpretations of certain camera angles. Importantly, however, this was not the case for those who viewed the body worn camera angle. These results help us understand the implications of relying on video recordings of police incidents.
High‐throughput membrane‐anchored proteome screening reveals PIEZO1 as a promising antibody‐drug target for human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qin Xun , Ni Zhen , Jiang Jianjun , Liu Xiguang , Dong Xiaoying , Li Mei , Miao Kai , Rao Shuan , Zhang Wenqing , Cai Kaican
Published: May 2022

Background

Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most fatal cancers worldwide. In China, over 90% of esophageal cancer patients are diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Currently, the survival and prognosis of ESCC patients are not satisfying because of insufficient early screening and lack of efficacious medication. Accumulating studies have suggested that antibody‐drug conjugates (ADC) represent a promising antitumor strategy.

Method

Here, we carried out a specific membrane proteome screening with ESCC patients' samples using a high‐throughput antibody microarray to uncover potential targets for ADC development. Candidates were validated with expression and cytotoxicity evaluation both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Our data have shown that the Piezo‐Type Mechanosensitive Ion Channel Component 1 (PIEZO1) is particularly overexpressed in human ESCC tumors and can be efficiently internalized when bound with its monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, the PIEZO1 antibody combined with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) can specifically kill PIEZO1 high‐expressed ESCC tumor cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. More importantly, the Anti‐PIEZO1‐MMAE can significantly suppress tumor progression in ESCC xenograft tumor models without any obvious side effects.

Conclusion

Taken together, our work demonstrates that PIEZO1 is a promising target to develop ADCs for human ESCC treatment, providing a new strategy for ESCC patients' personalized therapy.
eEF1A1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis of patients
Authors: Fan A‐hui , Zhao Xiaojuan , Liu Hao , Li Danxiu , Guo Tongtong , Zhang Jiehao , Duan Lili , Cheng Hao , Nie Yongzhan , Fan Daiming , Zhao Xiaodi , Lu Yuanyuan
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide in which dysregulated protein synthesis plays an etiologic role. The eukaryotic elongation factor 1 A1 (eEF1A1) exerts significant effects on protein synthesis by contributing to peptide chain extension. Whereas its role in CRC remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of eEF1A1 were significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines and tissues. Elevated expression of eEF1A1 was correlated with shorter overall survival in 94 CRC patients. The inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle block were observed in CRC cells after eEF1A1 downregulation. Mechanistically, weighted gene correlation network analysis and further Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways were significantly enriched in high‐eEF1A1 expression group, and the levels of phosphorylated p38/JNK/ERK MAPK were dramatically decreased after eEF1A1 downregulation. Overexpression of eEF1A1 in CRC correlated with a poor prognosis. Collectively, this study determined the oncogenic role of eEF1A1 in CRC proliferation and tumorigenesis. eEF1A1 might be a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in CRC.
Community‐based counselling for benzodiazepine withdrawal: A mixed‐methods study of client outcomes
Authors: Wurf Gerald , O’Neal Paul
Published: May 2022

Despite adverse health outcomes being associated with long‐term tranquilliser use, health professionals face numerous barriers in reducing reliance on benzodiazepines. This study investigated the effectiveness of focused counselling in facilitating benzodiazepine withdrawal. In phase one of a two‐phase mixed‐methods evaluation, preintervention and postintervention quantitative data for 24 participants were analysed. Measures included the Australian Treatment Outcome Profile, Kessler 10, and two client outcome ratings. In phase two, follow‐up individual interviews were conducted with six participants. Following counselling, 88% of participants reported either reduced use or withdrawal from benzodiazepines. Significant reductions in psychological distress were obtained in Kessler 10 scores, and the calculated effect size (d = 0.84) was large. Medically supervised tapering was well received when combined with focused counselling. We found strong support for the tapering process and for the appropriateness of counselling. Withdrawal was facilitated when services were well coordinated and the client's sense of control was maintained.
Acute liver failure due to hepatitis B virus reactivation induced by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Hakami Tahir
Published: May 2022

Acute liver failure developed in a 48‐year‐old woman within days after she received adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. On arrival at ED, she had severe encephalopathy and jaundice. Serum analyses demonstrated coagulopathy and markedly increased transaminases. She was admitted to the ICU for supportive treatment but died several days later.
Intrapelvic migration of the lag screw in intramedullary nailing after intertrochanteric fracture fixation: A case report
Authors: Ben Fredj Aymen , Rbai Hedi , Farhat Fourat , Berriri Marouen
Published: May 2022

The expected number of hip fractures worldwide will rise from 1.7 million in 1990, to 6.3 million in 2050. In parallel, surgical complications are expected to increase. We describe a rare complication of intrapelvic migration of the lag screw from trochanteric nail in a 90‐year‐old woman.
A consensual qualitative analysis of counselor educators’ experiences incorporating neuroscience
Authors: Beijan Lisa L. , Prosek Elizabeth A. , Jones Leslie D. , Jackson Danielle , Legacy Brittany
Published: May 2022

We used consensual qualitative research to explore eight counselor educators’ experience integrating neuroscience into counseling curriculum. Six domains, 18 categories, and 37 subcategories emerged from the data highlighting barriers, successes, and future trajectory of incorporating neuroscience consistently and ethically into counselor training.
Two‐Dimensional Detergent Expansion Strategy for Membrane Protein Studies
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhu Zhihao , Xie Linshan , Luo Feng , Wang Huixia , Qiu Yanli , Luo Weiling , Zhou Fang , Xue Dongxiang , Zhang Zhihui , Hua Tian , Wu Dong , Liu Zhi‐Jie , Le Zhiping , Tao Houchao
Published: May 2022

Detergents are the most frequently applied reagents in membrane protein (MP) studies. The limited diversity of one‐head‐one‐tailed traditional detergents, however, is far from sufficient for structurally distinct MPs. Expansion of detergent repertoire has a continuous momentum. In line with the speculation that detergent pre‐assembly exerts superiority, herein we report for the first time cross‐conjugation of two series of monomeric detergents for constructing a two‐dimensional library of dimeric detergents. Optimum detergents stood out with unique preferences in the systematic evaluation of individual MPs. Furthermore, unprecedented hybrid detergents 14M8G and 14M9G enabled high‐quality EM study of transporter MsbA and NMR study of G protein‐coupled receptor A2AAR, respectively. Given the abundance of cross‐coupling chemistries, comprehensive diversity could be readily covered that would facilitate the finding of new detergents for the manipulation of thorny MPs and innovation of the functional and structural study in future.
State legislative trends related to biomarker testing
Authors: Sadigh Gelareh , Goeckner Hilary Gee , Kazerooni Ella A. , Johnson Bruce E. , Smith Robert A. , Adams Devon V. , Carlos Ruth C.
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive biomarker testing has become the standard of care for informing the choice of the most appropriate targeted therapy for many patients with advanced cancer. Despite evidence demonstrating the need for comprehensive biomarker testing to enable the selection of appropriate targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the incorporation of biomarker testing into clinical practice lags behind recommendations in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Coverage policy differences across insurance health plans have limited the accessibility of comprehensive biomarker testing largely to patients whose insurance covers the recommended testing or those who can pay for the testing, and this has contributed to health disparities. Furthermore, even when insurance coverage exists for recommended biomarker testing, patients may incur burdensome out‐of‐pocket costs depending on their insurance plan benefits, which may also create barriers to testing. Prior authorization for biomarker testing for some patients can add an administrative burden and may delay testing and thus treatment if it is not done in a timely manner. Recently, three states (Illinois, Louisiana, and California) passed laws designed to improve access to biomarker testing at the state level. However, there is variability among these laws in terms of the population affected, the stage of cancer, and whether the coverage of testing is mandated, or the legislation addresses only prior authorization. Advocacy efforts by patient advocates, health care professionals, and professional societies are imperative at the state level to further improve coverage for and access to appropriate biomarker testing.
Manipulator trajectory tracking based on adaptive sliding mode control
Authors: Zhao Haoyi , Tao Bo , Ma Ruyi , Chen Baojia
Published: May 2022

A manipulator is a complex electromechanical system that is nonlinear, strongly coupled, and uncertain. Achieving its precise and high‐quality trajectory control is difficult. Sliding mode control (SMC) is one of the common control methods for manipulators. However, discontinuities in SMC can cause jitter and vibration in the manipulator system, leading to a reduction in the performance of the control system. For the self‐adaptive capability jitter vibration problem of SMC, the Dobot magician manipulator is treated as the research object in this article. The dynamics equations of the manipulator are established by Lagrange method, and a simplified model of the manipulator dynamics is constructed. The method of self‐adaptive sliding mode control is proposed. Self‐adaptive parameters are added to the SMC to achieve self‐adaptive adjustment of the SMC parameters. In the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment analysis show that the self‐adaptive SMC method has better self‐tuning ability and trajectory tracking ability than the traditional SMC, and weakens the jitter phenomenon existing in the traditional SMC.
Solvent Effect on the Chemiluminescence of Acridinium Thioester: A Computational Study
Authors: Pieńkos Milena , Zadykowicz Beata
Published: May 2022

Chemiluminescent labelling, which is one of the promising procedures of modern immunodiagnostics, is increasingly carried out using acridinium derivatives, an oxidant, and an alkaline aqueous environment. However, the efficiency of the chemiluminescence of luminol or acridinium esters is higher in non‐aqueous solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile. Therefore, the search for a new environment for the chemiluminescence reaction, especially the one characterized by a higher quantum yield of chemiluminescence, is one of the aims of current research. Using computational methods (DFT and TD DFT with PCM model of solvent), we examined thermodynamic and kinetic data concerning the chemiluminescence and competitive dark pathways. Our results suggest that better characteristics of the chemiluminescence reaction of acridinium thioester are observed in nonpolar solvents, such as methylcyclohexane, n‐hexane and n‐pentane, than in aqueous media used so far. Further experimental verification is necessary to confirm the possible application of proposed nonpolar solvents in chemiluminescent labelling and hence in immunodiagnostics.
Species‐specific DNA distribution in spruce–beech forest soil
Authors: Foscari Alessandro , Alberti Giorgio , Zotti Maurizio , Incerti Guido
Published: May 2022

Environmental DNA consists of species‐specific intracellular and extracellular fractions, whose content and information may not be similar in all environments. In forest soil, in particular, the biogeochemical fate of DNA originated by plant litter input has been extensively reviewed, but species‐specific persistence and distribution still await to be quantified. In the present work, based on the purification of extracellular and intracellular DNA fractions from forest soil samples representing 3 soil horizons at 36 randomized locations differing for stand composition (either beech‐ or spruce‐dominated, and mixed), followed by exDNA metabarcoding with the rbcL marker, we provide a clear picture of species‐specific plant DNA distribution, and explore plant community composition and diversity along the explored gradient and the soil profile. We did not find significant differences in intra‐ vs. extracellular total DNA distribution, with a progressive depletion with soil depth positively associated with soil organic C and N content and negatively associated with soil pH and mineral content. Species‐specific DNA distribution was horizontally dependent on beech and spruce basal area aboveground, while extracellular DNA showed peculiar species‐specific vertical patterns. Proportion of Fagus sylvatica DNA increased with depth in beech stand soil, and Picea abies DNA decreased in spruce stand soil, respectively, possibly linked to species‐specific differences in leaf litter decomposition dynamics and root litter contributions. Finally, our approach by metabarcoding provided a faithful, although incomplete, picture of the local plant diversity, suggesting that such technique could positively integrate traditional biodiversity inventory studies based on expert field assessments.
Synthesis of Triple‐Stranded Diruthenium(II) Compounds
Authors: Flint Kate L. , Huang David M. , Linder‐Patton Oliver M. , Sumby Christopher J. , Keene F. Richard
Published: May 2022

A series of ligands containing a 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole unit have been used for the formation of triple‐stranded dinuclear Ru(II) complexes. In contrast to the previously reported complexes of labile metals, the use of inert Ru(II) enabled stereoisomeric mixtures of triple‐stranded diruthenium(II) complexes to be accessed. The chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of a reported helicate containing a more rigid 1,4‐xylyl spacer was carried out on cellulose. The ligand spacer was modified and as the flexibility increased the production of isomeric mixtures was detected; the mesocate and helicate forms were separated when an n‐propyl spacer was used. This pair of diastereomers was found to exhibit photoconversion, a unique observation for Ru(II) compounds of this type. Partial separation via chromatographic resolution was achieved for compounds containing an n‐butyl spacer, and the presence of a mesocate/helicate pair confirmed.
Cooperative Rh(II)/Pd(0) Dual‐Catalyzed gem‐Difunctionalization of α‐Diazo Carbonyl Compounds: Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Xuan Zi , Chen Zi‐Sheng
Published: May 2022

The efficient construction of quaternary carbon centers is a challenging task due to their enhanced structural complexity. Although the catalytic gem‐difunctionalization of α‐diazo carbonyl compounds via metal‐carbenoids is well‐documented, developing new methods to access quaternary carbon centers which are difficult or unattainable in monocatalysis is highly desirable. Dual catalysis where two different catalysts work concurrently has emerged as a powerful strategy to achieve new reactivity and selectivity. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in cooperative Rh(II)/Pd(0) dual catalysis for the construction of quaternary carbon centers, focusing on the synthetic utility of stable α‐diazo‐β‐keto‐esters and allylic carboxylates. Additionally, several challenging asymmetric Rh(II)/Pd(0) dual‐catalyzed transformations generating chiral quaternary carbon centers are also discussed.
Brain serotonin transporter is associated with cognitive‐affective biases in healthy individuals
Authors: Armand Sophia , Ozenne Brice , Svart Nanna , Frokjaer Vibe G. , Knudsen Gitte M. , Fisher Patrick M. , Stenbæk Dea S.
Published: May 2022

Cognitive affective biases describe the tendency to process negative information or positive information over the other. These biases can be modulated by changing extracellular serotonin (5‐HT) levels in the brain, for example, by pharmacologically blocking and downregulating the 5‐HT transporter (5‐HTT), which remediates negative affective bias. This suggests that higher levels of 5‐HTT are linked to a priority of negative information over positive, but this link remains to be tested in vivo in healthy individuals. We, therefore, evaluated the association between 5‐HTT levels, as measured with [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET), and affective biases, hypothesising that higher 5‐HTT levels are associated with a more negative bias. We included 98 healthy individuals with measures of [11C]DASB binding potential (BPND) and affective biases using The Emotional Faces Identification Task by subtracting the per cent hit rate for happy from that of sad faces (EFITAB). We evaluated the association between [11C]DASB BPND and EFITAB in a linear latent variable model, with the latent variable (5‐HTTLV) modelled from [11C]DASB BPND in the fronto‐striatal and fronto‐limbic networks implicated in affective cognition. We observed an inverse association between 5‐HTTLV and EFITAB (β = −8% EFITAB per unit 5‐HTTLV, CI = −14% to −3%, p = .002). These findings show that higher 5‐HTT levels are linked to a more negative bias in healthy individuals. High 5‐HTT supposedly leads to high clearance of 5‐HT, and thus, a negative bias could result from low extracellular 5‐HT. Future studies must reveal if a similar inverse association exists in individuals with affective disorders.
How access to addictive drugs affects the supply of substance abuse treatment: Evidence from Medicare Part D
Authors: Knowles Matthew T.
Published: May 2022

This paper documents how substance abuse treatment (SAT) providers and services respond to increases in population‐level opioid addiction. I do this by exploiting the implementation of Medicare Part D as an exogenous increase in the availability of prescription opioids. Starting in 2006, states with higher shares of the population eligible for Medicare Part D experienced increases in residential and hospital inpatient SAT facilities, beds dedicated to SAT, and SAT facilities offering medication‐assisted treatment, relative to states with lower shares. These results suggest that the supply of SAT in the United States is capable of responding significantly to changes in demand.
Risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth among healthy nulliparous pregnant women in the Netherlands, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schuster Heleen J. , Peelen Myrthe J. C. S. , Hajenius Petra J. , van Beukering Monique D. M. , van Eekelen Rik , Schonewille Marit , Playfair Henna , van der Post Joris A. M. , Kok Marjolein , Painter Rebecca C.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of sPTB is poorly understood, in particular among nulliparous women without apparent medical or obstetric risk factors. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors for sPTB in healthy nulliparous women.

Material and Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study. Recruitment took place from February 2014 to December 2016 in 16 community midwifery centers in the Netherlands. Eligibility criteria were: ≥18 years, no previous pregnancy >16 weeks of gestation, healthy singleton pregnancy, and antenatal booking <24 weeks of gestation. At study inclusion, participants completed a questionnaire, including details on lifestyle, work, and medical history. Cervical length was measured by vaginal ultrasound at the second‐trimester anomaly scan. Detailed information concerning pregnancy and birth was collected via antenatal charts. We calculated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for various risk factors with correction for socioeconomic status (SES) using logistic regression and Firth's correction.

Results

We included 363 women of whom pregnancy outcomes were available in 349 (96.1%) participants. The cervical length measurement was available for 225 (62.0%) participants. sPTB occurred in 26 women (7.5%). SES was associated with sPTB (OR: 3.7, 95%  CI: 1.6–8.5) in univariate analysis. First or second trimester vaginal bleeding (aOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4–9.0) and urinary tract infection during pregnancy (aOR: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.7–13.9) were associated with sPTB in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

This prospective cohort confirms established risk factors for sPTB in nulliparous women deemed at low risk of sPTB.
The impact of community closures among nonessential and essential workers, Nashville, Tennessee: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rankin Danielle A. , Yanis Ahmad , Haddadin Zaid , Talj Rana , Fernandez Kailee N. , Bloos Sean M. , Stahl Anna , Gu Wenying , Nicotera Janet , Howe Harrison L. , Salib Seifein , Chappell James , Howard Leigh M. , Khankari Nikhil K. , Halasa Natasha B.
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims

The effects of community closures and relaxing social distancing restrictions on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by occupational risk remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of community closures and reopening phases with the prevalence of testing SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive among nonessential and essential workers.

Methods

We constructed a cross‐sectional cohort from March 20 to July 31, 2020, of 344 adults from Metropolitan Nashville, Tennessee. We performed an unconditional logistic regression model to evaluate the impact of community closures and phase implementation on testing SARS‐CoV‐2 positive by occupation to estimate adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

During a stay‐at‐home/Phase I order, those with non‐essential occupations had 59% decreased prevalence odds (aPOR:0.41; 95% CI: 0.20–0.84) of testing SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive compared to when no restrictions were in place. Persons with essential occupations had four times the prevalence odds of testing SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive (aPOR:4.19; 95% CI:1.57–11.18) compared with nonessential occupations when no community restrictions were established.

Conclusion

Stay‐at‐home restrictions were associated with a lower risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the community for nonessential workers. Essential employees remained at increased risk for SARS‐CoV‐2, including when no community restrictions were in place and vaccines were not available. This study supports targeting prevention measures for these high‐risk occupations.
Over‐the‐counter drug use in suicidal/self‐harm behavior: Scoping review
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Patel Vraj , Khan Sonia , Armiya'u Aishatu Yusha'u , Saeed Fahimeh , Swed Sarya , Das Soumitra , Chandradasa Miyuru
Published: May 2022

Background and aims

Minor physical ailments are treated with over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications. The availability of OTC drugs helps reduce waiting times and ease the suffering of many. Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideation, attempts, and completed suicides and affects people of all ages, religions, and cultures. This study aims to review use of OTC drugs for self‐harm and suicidal attempts.

Methods

We reviewed English language publications from the beginning of time to October 2021 on OTC drug use for suicidal behavior.

Results

Twenty‐seven studies met the eligibility criteria, and 1,816,228 participants were reported in these publications. OTC analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics were frequently used for suicidal behavior. Females and young people mainly were reported to self‐harm using OTC medications. An increase in OTC analgesic use for self‐harm in adolescents during the school months was reported. Elderly persons use hypnotics more frequently for suicidal attempts. Persons with major psychiatric disorders were reported to use OTC for suicidal behavior.

Conclusion

The available information shows that the prevention strategies should focus on OTC analgesics and hypnotic use among women, the young, the elderly, and persons with mental health disorders.