bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exciton Emission in Molybdenum Telluride Homobilayers with Fine‐Tuned Twist‐Angles
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Wang Feiyue , Chen Chuoqi , Wu Youxuan , Chen Junxin , Ou Hai , Chen Huanjun , Bie Ya‐Qing , Deng Shaozhi
Published: May 2023

Layered 2H‐molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) is a promising near‐infrared material with optical activity, which enables hybrid‐integrated with silicon photonics for communication purposes. The use of various artificial hetero‐stacking or twist‐stacking techniques can further expand the emission bandwidth and offer more choices of optical‐active materials used as building blocks in on‐chip optoelectronic devices. However, while the twisting technique is an effective tool for adjusting interlayer interaction in van der Waals materials, a systematic experimental study of twisted MoTe2 homobilayers is currently lacking. Here, a series of MoTe2 homobilayers were prepared with precisely controlled twist‐angles from 0° to 60°, with a particular focus on the small‐twist region. Conducting photoluminescence measurements at low temperatures enabled observation of the evolution of exciton emission as the twist angle increases. Neutral and charged excitons were also identified in a dual‐gated 1.4° twisted MoTe2 through gate‐dependent and field‐dependent photoluminescence measurements. Furthermore, spatially‐resolved photoluminescence measurements revealed the critical role of the interface conditions, including interlayer spacing and strain, in addition to the twist‐angle, in determining the excitonic behavior of the material. This study provides compelling experimental evidence for understanding the twist‐angle‐dependent excitonic behaviors in atomically thin semiconductors.
Divergent Synthesis of Quinolones through Radical C−H Functionalization/Cyclization
Authors: Xu Jun , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Jie , Zhang Pengfei , Song Lijuan , Liu Xiaogang
Published: May 2023

Divergent synthesis is an effective, yet challenging method to selectively access different molecules from a single starting material. Herein, we demonstrate a divergent and controllable synthesis of quinolones by sulfonyl chloride‐controlled, copper‐catalyzed, site‐selective radical C−H functionalization/cyclization of quinoline scaffolds. Our catalytic system can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and provide both 2‐thioquinolone and 4‐quinolone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate a single‐electron transfer mechanism, and the steric hindrance of sulfonyl chlorides and their electronic effect are decisive for reaction selectivity. This transformation provides not only a novel example of divergent radical C−H functionalization controlled by small organic molecules, but also an efficient way to rapidly derivatize medicinally important scaffolds and ultimately facilitate late‐stage drug modification.
Communication in times of crisis: Information flow among Chinese hog producers during the African swine fever outbreak
Authors: Gao Shijun , Grebitus Carola , Schmitz Troy
Published: May 2023

The outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) had an enormous economic and social impact on Chinese hog producers. Using a face‐to‐face survey with hog farmers from two regions of China, Chongqing, and Hebei, this research investigated how social influence affects producers’ behavior under disease outbreak using social network analysis. It was analyzed how information flows during an epidemic, such as ASF. Results indicate that hog producers used phone and text more frequently to communicate during the epidemic than before. Face‐to‐face meetings with other hog producers and sales agents decreased during the ASF epidemic—potentially leading to isolation. Moreover, the frequency of face‐to‐face meetings with veterinarians decreased for farmers living in a village in Hebei but remained the same for hog producers in Chongqing. This suggests that the desire to have less face‐to‐face meetings was being replaced with the demand for more help regarding hog health from veterinarians when hog producers lived farther away from each other compared to those living closer together. Employing a random effect ordered probit model, these results were further validated, showing that hog producers dramatically reduced their communication frequency with others after the outbreak of ASF. Findings provide insights into how information flows and how actors communicate during a situation of crisis. [EconLit Citations: D71, D85, Q12, Q18].
COVID‐19 Induces Neuroinflammation and Suppresses Peroxisomes in the Brain
Authors: Roczkowsky A. , Limonta D. , Fernandes J. P. , Branton W. G. , Clarke M. , Hlavay B. , Noyce R. S. , Joseph J. T. , Ogando N. S. , Das S. K. , Elaish M. , Arbour N. , Evans D. H. , Langdon K. , Hobman T. C. , Power C.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Peroxisome injury occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) during multiple virus infections that result in neurological disabilities. We investigated host neuroimmune responses and peroxisome biogenesis factors during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection using a multiplatform strategy.

Methods

Brain tissues from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) (n = 12) and other disease control (ODC) (n = 12) patients, as well as primary human neural cells and Syrian hamsters, infected with a clinical variant of SARS‐CoV‐2, were investigated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐qPCR), and immunodetection methods.

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in the CNS of 4 patients with COVID‐19 with viral protein (NSP3 and spike) immunodetection in the brainstem. Olfactory bulb, brainstem, and cerebrum from patients with COVID‐19 showed induction of pro‐inflammatory transcripts (IL8, IL18, CXCL10, NOD2) and cytokines (GM‐CSF and IL‐18) compared to CNS tissues from ODC patients (p < 0.05). Peroxisome biogenesis factor transcripts (PEX3, PEX5L, PEX11β, and PEX14) and proteins (PEX3, PEX14, PMP70) were suppressed in the CNS of COVID‐19 compared to ODC patients (p < 0.05). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of hamsters revealed viral RNA detection in the olfactory bulb at days 4 and 7 post‐infection while inflammatory gene expression was upregulated in the cerebrum of infected animals by day 14 post‐infection (p < 0.05). Pex3 transcript levels together with catalase and PMP70 immunoreactivity were suppressed in the cerebrum of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected animals (p < 0.05).

Interpretation

COVID‐19 induced sustained neuroinflammatory responses with peroxisome biogenesis factor suppression despite limited brainstem SARS‐CoV‐2 neurotropism in humans. These observations offer insights into developing biomarkers and therapies, while also implicating persistent peroxisome dysfunction as a contributor to the neurological post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:531–546
A plea for more freshwater experts in IPBES
Authors: Kuiper Jan J.
Published: May 2023

Biodiversity loss occurs much faster in the world's freshwaters than in the terrestrial or marine realms, yet worries have been expressed that freshwater systems are not given the same priority as ‘land and oceans’ in global environmental governance.

The Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is mandated to provide the knowledge basis supporting international environmental agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. To a large extent, the work of IPBES is dependent on voluntary contributions by independent experts from across the world.

Here, I present an overview of the various ways in which freshwater experts can contribute to IPBES, ultimately to strengthen the representation of freshwater ecosystems in global environmental governance.

Avenues to contribute include participating in the development of IPBES assessment reports that are adopted by the 139 member states, engaging in the external review process of IPBES products, filling in knowledge gaps as identified by IPBES assessment reports to inform upcoming assessments, implementing IPBES outcomes and recommendations in practice, and actively engaging with plenary meetings of government delegations to influence decisions.

Actively supporting governments worldwide in making evidence‐based decisions can be intrinsically rewarding and offers several additional benefits. These benefits include the potential for enhanced professional reputation, given the authoritative nature of IPBES products; networking and collaboration opportunities with experts and stakeholders from around the world; and professional development through gaining experience in navigating the science–policy interface on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

I conclude with a call to action.
Clinical and Biomarker Responses to BI 655064, an Antagonistic Anti‐CD40 Antibody, in Patients With Active Lupus Nephritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase II Trial
Authors: Jayne David R. , Steffgen Jürgen , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Bajema Ingeborg , Boumpas Dimitrios T. , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Amano Hirofumi , Gomez Harold Michael , Satirapoj Bancha , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Chawanasuntorapoj Ratana , Madero Magdalena , Naumnik Beata , Recto Rhona , Fagan Nora , Revollo Ivette , Wu Jing , Visvanathan Sudha , Furie Richard
Published: May 2023

Objective

To characterize its dose‐response relationship, BI 655064 (an anti‐CD40 monoclonal antibody) was tested as an add‐on to mycophenolate and glucocorticoids in patients with active lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

A total of 121 patients were randomized (2:1:1:2) to receive placebo or BI 655064 120, 180, or 240 mg and received a weekly loading dose for 3 weeks followed by dosing every 2 weeks for the 120 and 180 mg groups, and 120 mg weekly for the 240 mg group. The primary endpoint was complete renal response (CRR) at week 52. Secondary endpoints included CRR at week 26.

Results

A dose‐response relationship with CRR at week 52 was not shown (BI 655064 120 mg, 38.3%; 180 mg, 45.0%; 240 mg, 44.6%; placebo, 48.3%). At week 26, 28.6% (120 mg), 50.0% (180 mg), 35.0% (240 mg), and 37.5% (placebo) achieved CRR. The unexpected high placebo response prompted a post hoc analysis evaluating confirmed CRR (cCRR, at weeks 46 and 52). cCRR was achieved in 22.5% (120 mg), 44.3% (180 mg), 38.2% (240 mg), and 29.1% (placebo) of patients. Most patients reported ≥1 adverse event (BI 655064, 85.7–95.0%; placebo, 97.5%), most frequently infections and infestations (BI 655064 61.9–75.0%; placebo 60%). Compared with other groups, higher rates of serious (20% vs. 7.5–10%) and severe infections (10% vs. 4.8–5.0%) were reported with 240 mg BI 655064.

Conclusion

The trial failed to demonstrate a dose‐response relationship for the primary CRR endpoint. Post hoc analyses suggest a potential benefit of BI 655064 180 mg in patients with active LN.
Refining Incidence and Characteristics of Inflammatory Myopathies: A Quadruple‐Source Capture–Recapture Survey Using the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria
Authors: Debrut Léa , Giannini Margherita , Klein Delphine , Spielmann Lionel , Mertz Philippe , Martin Thierry , Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra , Hirschi Sandrine , Nespola Benoit , Lannes Béatrice , Terzic Joëlle , Hinschberger Olivier , Dervieux Benjamin , Lipsker Dan , Arnaud Laurent , Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Kleinmann Jean François , Geny Bernard , Séverac François , Velten Michel , Sibilia Jean , Meyer Alain
Published: May 2023

Objective

Inflammatory myopathies (IM), characterized by muscle inflammation and weakness, are rare systemic diseases. Our previous study estimated an IM incidence rate of 7.98 cases per million people per year (95% confidence interval 7.38–8.66) and highlighted important variations that were likely because of methodologic issues rather than true epidemiologic differences. In this study, we aimed to refine the incidence of IM, using the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for IM and a quadruple‐source capture–recapture method during a 6‐year period in Alsace, France, a region with a population of 2 million having benefits of good access to health care and accredited IM referral centers.

Methods

Clinical data of potential IM patients were obtained from 4 sources (general practitioners and community specialists, public and private hospital records, public and private laboratories, and archives from the pathology department). Patients residing in Alsace and who fulfilled the 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria for IM between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2013, were included. We corrected potentially incomplete ascertainment of cases with capture–recapture analyses. We studied both spatial and temporal distributions of incidence of IM. We also assessed systemic manifestations of the disease.

Results

Our review of 1,742 potential cases identified 106 patients with IM. No spatial or temporal heterogeneity was observed. Use of log‐linear models showed an estimated 14.9 additional missed cases. Thus, the incidence rate of IM was 8.22 new cases per million inhabitants per year (95% confidence interval 6.76–9.69). Extramuscular manifestations other than dermatomyositis rash were frequently recorded.

Conclusion

The stringent methodology used in our study provides an accurate estimation of the incidence of IM. This study also demonstrates, in a population‐based cohort, the systemic nature of IM.

image
Transition from linear to circular economy of electrical and electronic equipment: A review
Authors: Leitão Fabrício Oliveira , de Sousa Martins Thalisson , Guarnieri Patrícia , Ouro‐Salim Omar
Published: May 2023

Due to the increasing scarcity of resources and the exponential production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), the transition from a linear economy (LE) to a circular economy (CE) has become crucial. This study aims to analyze the practices adopted by EEE companies in Brazil based on the ReSOLVE framework, from the perspective of transitioning to a CE. The study uses a qualitative approach, applying Integrative Literature Review (ILR) and document analysis techniques. The main findings reveal 14 practices related to CE from ILR and 11 from document analysis, suggesting that a transition from LE to CE in the EEE production chain is possible. The ReSOLVE framework can provide EEE manufacturers with opportunities to create and deliver value by improving reduction, reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling activities. Additionally, it can help extend their circular offerings through product‐service‐systems, optimizing value capture from a one‐time sale of EEE products to regular revenue streams, while reducing costs associated with raw materials, energy inputs, and waste management. Overall, this study contributes to advancing CE actions within the EEE sector and highlights their potential for transferability to other economic sectors.
Ceramic anterior veneer restorations in periodontally compromised patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Gaß Johanna A. , Büsch Christopher , Körner Gerd A. , Bäumer Amelie M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Successful periodontal therapy can lead to poor esthetic results, especially in the anterior region, for which there are treatment options such as direct composite or indirect veneer restorations. Until now, there are no data describing the long‐term results of veneer restorations in periodontally treated patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of anterior porcelain veneer restorations in periodontally compromised and noncompromised patients.

Methods

Periodontally healthy and periodontally compromised patients, who had received anterior veneer restorations at least 5 years ago, were invited to a follow‐up examination. Groups were divided according to their periodontal diagnosis (periodontally healthy, stage I/II, stage III/IV). Tooth loss, veneer loss, biologic parameters, and complication rates were examined. Also, veneers were evaluated according to modified United States Public Health Service criteria.

Results

A total of 68 patients with 312 veneers were examined with a mean follow‐up time of 8 years. Veneered teeth in patients with periodontitis stage III/IV showed no difference regarding tooth‐specific, overall, and functional veneer survival when compared to periodontally healthy patients (Kaplan–Meier analyses). In Cox regression analysis, follow‐up time had an impact on complications and veneer loss, whereas periodontal diagnosis showed no significant influence on the survival of restorations. Comparative tests showed that patients with severe periodontitis at baseline have slightly lower veneer survival rates after 8 years and slightly higher complication rates after 13 years.

Conclusion

Long‐term results and complication rates of veneer restorations in periodontally compromised patients are comparable to periodontally healthy patients over a mean follow‐up of 8 years.
Virtual emotional gestures to assist in the examination of the mental health of the deaf‐mutes
Authors: Liang Hui , Xu Haoming , Wang Yi , Pan Junjun , Fu Jialin , Pang Xiangwen
Published: May 2023

The particular characteristics of deaf‐mutes make them more likely to have mental health problems. Due to their particular way of communication, it is more difficult for them to deal with mental health problems than ordinary people. Nowadays, those psychologists who are good at sign language are in short supply, and remote assistance cannot achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, a library of virtual emotional gestures based on electroencephalogram (EEG) was established and a prototype system for mental health examination of deaf‐mutes was proposed, which help deaf‐mutes identify their psychological problems in time and assist medical staff to examine the psychological problems encountered by deaf‐mutes. In addition, the virtual library of emotional gestures is established with the assistance of the chief physician from a 3A hospital in Henan Province. More importantly, the later experiments demonstrate the applicability of this virtual system.
A case of Pierre Robin syndrome in a child with no soft palate and complications from pneumonia in Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Mohammad Ashraful , Shawon Taraque Ahamed , Shaon Naushad Khan , Nahin Sabrina , Fardous Jannatul , Hawlader Mohammad Delwer Hossain
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Children with Pierre Robin syndrome (PRS) often have trouble breathing and eating as soon as they are born. If conservative therapy fails to alleviate airway obstruction, surgical surgery may be considered. Patients with PRS require multidisciplinary approaches for treatment.

Pierre Robin syndrome is a common craniofacial abnormality that causes glossoptosis and blockage of the upper airway. This renders it difficult to feed, which leads to severe malnutrition. This condition is also often marked by an absence of a soft palate. We mention a newborn with Pierre Robin syndrome with the absence of a soft palate and pneumonia complications, whose impending respiratory failure was treated successfully. To solve the complex problems that these babies and their families are facing, a multidisciplinary approach is needed.
Spin Crossover and Fluorine‐Specific Interactions in Metal Complexes of Terpyridines with Polyfluorocarbon Tails
Authors: Nößler Maite , Neuman Nicolás I. , Böser Lisa , Jäger René , Singha Hazari Arijit , Hunger David , Pan Yixian , Lücke Clemens , Bens Tobias , van Slageren Joris , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: May 2023

In coordination chemistry and materials science, terpyridine ligands are of great interest, due to their ability to form stable complexes with a broad range of transition metal ions. We report three terpyridine ligands containing different perfluorocarbon (PFC) tails on the backbone and the corresponding FeII and CoII complexes. The CoII complexes display spin crossover close to ambient temperature, and the nature of this spin transition is influenced by the length of the PFC tail on the ligand backbone. The electrochemical properties of the metal complexes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry revealing one oxidation and several reduction processes. The fluorine‐specific interactions were investigated by EPR measurements. Analysis of the EPR spectra of the complexes as microcrystalline powders and in solution reveals exchange‐narrowed spectra without resolved hyperfine splittings arising from the 59Co nucleus; this suggests complex aggregation in solution mediated by interactions of the PFC tails. Interestingly, addition of perfluoro‐octanol in different ratios to the acetonitrile solution of the sample resulted in the disruption of the F
F interactions of the tails. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of fluorine‐specific interactions in metal complexes through EPR spectroscopy, as exemplified by exchange narrowing.
Weiße Eier, braune Eier – blaues Licht, rotes Licht
Authors: Emden Markus , Hild Pitt , Kallinna Kirsten , Murer Livia
Published: May 2023

Anliegen der in loser Folge erscheinenden Versuche ist es, Impulse für chemische Versuche zu geben, die gefahrlos zu Hause mit haushaltsüblichen Gegenständen durchgeführt werden können. Sie können damit als Quelle für das gemeinsame Ausprobieren mit Kindern dienen, z. B. in Kindergärten oder an Schulen sowie zur Verwendung bei Tagen der offenen Tür. Ein Stückweit sind sie zu verstehen als Antwort auf den oft gehörten Satz: „Ach, Du bist Chemiker/in? Dann mach doch mal eben ein Experiment.“
RNA Imaging in Live Cells†
Authors: Zhao Jingfang , Xiang Limin
Published: May 2023

Traditional molecular biology tools have elucidated the identities and functions of RNA molecules, which are essential to the understanding of gene transcription and protein translation. Deepening this research field would further require the direct visualization of RNA dynamics such as the DNA‐RNA interactions and RNA‐protein interactions. Towards this goal, the rise of RNA imaging tools over the past 15 years has reformed how we looked at these processes. In this Emerging Topic, we first highlighted recent advances on three main RNA imaging tools based on the species of interacting molecules: RNA‐RNA pairing, RNA‐protein binding, and small molecule‐RNA complex. We introduced the advantages of these tools from a technical viewpoint, including binding affinity, fluorescent turn‐on ratio, stability, and impacts on targeted RNA. Next, we discussed new rising opportunities and future directions, echoing the state‐of‐the‐art imaging tools in the fields of fluorescent proteins and small fluorescent molecules. Together, we believe this emerging field will bring new insights on how we study RNA biology in living systems.
Synthesis of Cu‐Doped Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials Directly from Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Xiaoniu , Li Changfeng , Li Mengjie , Liu Yuansheng , Zhu Wei , Li Zhenfei , Xu Yunhua
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Mn‐based layered transition metal oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacities, abundant raw materials, and environment‐friendly advantages. However, they often show insufficient performance due to intrinsic issues including poor structural stability and dissolution of Mn3+. Atomic doping is an effective way to address these structural degradation issues. Herein, we reported a new synthesis strategy of a Cu‐doped layered cathode by directly calcinating a pure metal‐organic framework. Benefiting from the unique structure of MOF with atomic‐level Cu doping, a homogeneous Cu‐doped layered compound P2‐Na0.674Cu0.01Mn0.99O2 was obtained. The Cu substitution promotes the crystal structural stability and suppresses the dissolution of Mn, thus preventing the structure degradation of the layered cathode materials. A remarkably enhanced cyclability is realized for the Cu‐doped cathode compared with that without Cu doping, with 83.8% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 100 mA·g–1. Our findings provide new insights into the design of atomic‐level doping layered cathode materials constructed by MOFs for high‐performance SIBs.
Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal rupture after myocardial infarction: A retrospective study of 81 cases
Authors: Chen Tongfeng , Liu Yuhao , Zhang Jing , Sun Zirui , Han Yu , Gao Chuanyu
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous closure of ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

This retrospective study included 81 patients who underwent transcatheter closure for postinfarction VSR. We analyzed clinical data from hospitalization and the 30‐day follow‐up, compared clinical data from the survival and death groups, and explored the best closure time and the safety and efficacy of occlusion. The risk factors for death at 30 days were analyzed by logistic regression.

Results

C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell counts, N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐ProBNP), and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in the death group than in the survival group (p < .01), with a higher rate of application of vasoactive drugs, and a shorter time from AMI to operation (p < .05). At 30 days postocclusion, 19 patients (23.5%) had died. The mortality rate was significantly lower for operation performed 3 weeks after AMI than for operation performed within 3 weeks of AMI (12.5% vs. 48%, p < .001). Devices were successfully implanted in 76 patients, with 16 (21.1%) operation‐related complications and 12 (15.8%) valve injuries. Cardiac function improved significantly (p < .001) at discharge (N = 66) and 30 days after procedure (N = 62). Qp/Qs and pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased significantly, while aortic systolic pressure increased significantly (p < .001). Additionally, EF and LVDd improved (p < .05) after occlusion. Increases in CRP and NT‐ProBNP were risk factors for death at 30 days after closure (p < .05).

Conclusion

Percutaneous VSR closure can be a valuable treatment option for suitable patients with VSR.
A novel clustering model via optimized fuzzy C‐means algorithm and sandpiper optimization with cycle crossover process in IoT
Authors: Gorikapudi Sateesh , Kondaveeti Hari Kishan
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm change in networking that aspires to connect almost everything on the globe. Clustering methods have been presented in the context of wireless sensor networks, and their application to the IoT could solve similar problems. However, existing clustering protocols have issues with the clustering structure that affect their performance, and some approaches pose a risk of privacy leakage during the data handling process. Therefore, this article aims to establish a novel secure and energy‐aware clustering model in the IoT, in which cluster head selection is performed via a proposed sandpiper optimization with cycle crossover process (SOCCP) model. Moreover, this cluster head selection includes certain constraints, including distance, energy, security, and cluster radius, respectively. The clustering is done by the optimized fuzzy C‐means algorithm. Here, the determination of the cluster head and cluster radius is tuned optimally via an adopted SOCCP model. Final results of the employed technique are calculated using a variety of metrics, such as alive node analysis, risk analysis, distance analysis, cluster radius analysis, as well as normalized energy analysis, respectively.
New Nabokoite‐like Phases ACu7TeO4(SO4)5Cl (A=Na, K, Rb, Cs) with Decorated and Distorted Square Kagome Lattices
Authors: Murtazoev Alisher F. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Markina Maria M. , Dolgikh Valery A. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Berdonosov Peter S.
Published: May 2023

A new family of compounds ACu7TeO4(SO4)5Cl (A=Na, K, Rb, Cs) isostructural to mineral Nabokoite (K species) was synthesized by solid state and gas transport reactions in sealed ampoules and characterized in measurements of magnetization and specific heat in a wide temperature range. These complex compounds are of the utmost interest as a testing playground to study the properties of quasi‐two‐dimensional magnets with a square kagome lattice geometry. A quantum ground state of such a corner‐sharing network is a spin liquid. Unlike idealized grid analyzed in numerous models, the square kagome lattice in nabokoites is wavy and distorted being composed of versatile triangles. Moreover, it contains “excessive” decorating magnetic ions, which makes magnetism of these objects even more complicated. The interaction of these decorating ions through virtual excitations of the square kagome lattice is accompanied by the formation of a long‐range magnetic order coexisting with the spin liquid.
Severe obstructive colitis treated with repeated colonoscopic decompression
Authors: Arai Junya , Suzuki Nobumi , Hayakawa Yoku , Matzuzaki Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Aoki Tomonori , Ishibashi Rei , Odawara Nariaki , Ihara Sozaburo , Tsuji Yosuke , Ishihara Soichiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2023

Obstructive colitis is an acute condition caused by colorectal strictures and requires a combination of therapeutic strategies, including surgery, endoscopic interventions, and medications. Here, we describe the case of a 69‐year‐old man who developed severe obstructive colitis owing to diverticular stenosis of the sigmoid colon. We immediately performed endoscopic decompression to avoid perforation. The mucosa of the dilated colon appeared black, suggesting severe ischemia. We considered surgical total colectomy owing to the extensive colitis. However, considering the invasiveness of the emergent surgery, we adopted a conservative approach as enhanced computed tomography demonstrated colonic dilation with maintained blood flow in the deeper layer of the colonic wall and no signs of colonic necrosis, such as peritoneal irritation sign or elevation of deviation enzymes, were observed. Moreover, the patient preferred a conservative approach, and surgeons in our team agreed with this conservative approach. While relapses of colonic dilation occurred several times, antibiotic treatment and repeated endoscopic decompression successfully suppressed the dilation and systemic inflammation. The colonic mucosa healed gradually, and we performed a colostomy without resecting a large portion of the colorectum. In conclusion, severe obstructive colitis with maintained blood flow can be treated with endoscopic decompression instead of emergent resection for a wide portion of the colorectum. Moreover, endoscopic images of improved colitic mucosa obtained through repeated colorectal procedures are rare and noteworthy.
DCM Support: cell therapy and circulatory support for dilated cardiomyopathy patients with severe ventricular impairment
Authors: Reid Alice , Hussain Mohsin , Veerapen Jessry , Ramaseshan Rohini , Hall Russell , Bowles Ruth , Jones Daniel A. , Mathur Anthony
Published: May 2023

Aims

The DCM Support trial (NCT03572660) uses a percutaneous circulatory support device (Impella CP, Abiomed, Danvers, MA, USA) to improve the safety of an intracoronary cell infusion procedure in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods and results

DCM Support is a single‐site, single‐arm Phase II trial enrolling 20 symptomatic DCM patients with an LVEF ≤ 35% despite optimal medical and device therapy. After 5 days of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor therapy and a subsequent bone marrow aspiration, patients undergo an intracoronary infusion of autologous bone‐marrow‐derived mononuclear cells. The Impella CP device is used to provide haemodynamic support during the infusion procedure. The trial's primary endpoint is change in LVEF from baseline at 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints are change in LVEF from baseline at 12 months, and change in exercise capacity, New York Heart Association class, quality of life, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels from baseline at 3 and 12 months. Safety endpoints include procedural safety and major adverse cardiac events at 3 and 12 months.

Conclusions

This is the first trial to assess the safety and efficacy of cytokine and autologous intracoronary cell therapy with a procedural circulatory support device for patients with severe left ventricular impairment. This novel combination may allow us to target a patient population most at need of this therapy.
A techno economic and environmental assessment of a hybrid waste tires‐renewable system for sustainable energy supply
Authors: Brahim Lotfi , Mosbah Mohamed Salah , Khila Zouhour , Hajjaji Noureddine
Published: May 2023

The rapid rise in industrial and human energy consumption has caused a significant increase in global energy demand. In order to meet simultaneously the increasing energy demand and protect the environment, researchers have put more effort into the development of new more sustainable energy sources.

One of the promising alternatives for energy production in Pneumatic industrial sector is the integration of a hybrid power system, and making value to their produced waste and collected (tire waste) to use as an alternative energy sources. Considering the above‐mentioned facts, this study shows a techno‐economic and environmental assessment of a novel hybrid waste‐solar system configuration composed of an external depolymerization plant fueled by tires waste producing fuel for a co‐generator and a photovoltaic solar power plant ensuring the complement of the electrical need of our industrial.

The novelty of this work is the development of the research methodology and innovative Solar/Waste hybrid power system from the existing system. The simulation is carried out in the HOMER software, the integrated system results in a Cost of Energy evaluated as 0.062 $/kWh, and 25.89% of avoided Greenhouse gasses emissions with an annual carbon credit of 32,422 $.
Review and Development of Best Practices for Toxicity Tests with Dreissenid Mussels
Authors: Waller Diane , Pucherelli Sherri , Barbour Matthew , Tank Samantha , Meulemans Matthew , Wise Jeremy , Dahlberg Angelique , Aldridge David C. , Claudi Renata , Cope W. Gregory , Gillis Patricia L. , Kashian Donna R. , Mayer Denise , Stockton-Fiti Kelly , Wong Wai Hing
Published: May 2023

Since their introduction to North America in the 1980s, research to develop effective control tools for invasive mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) has been ongoing across various research institutions using a range of testing methods. Inconsistencies in experimental methods and reporting present challenges for comparing data, repeating experiments, and applying results. The Invasive Mussel Collaborative established the Toxicity Testing Work Group (TTWG) in 2019 to identify “best practices” and guide development of a standard framework for dreissenid mussel toxicity testing protocols. We reviewed the literature related to laboratory-based dreissenid mussel toxicity tests and determined the degree to which standard guidelines have been used and their applicability to dreissenid mussel testing. We extracted detailed methodology from 99 studies from the peer-reviewed and gray literature and conducted a separate analysis for studies using presettlement and postsettlement mussels. We identified specific components of methods and approaches that could be refined or standardized for dreissenid mussels. These components included species identification, collection methods, size/age class distinction, maintenance practices, testing criteria, sample size, response measures, reporting parameters, exposure methods, and mortality criteria. We consulted experts in the field of aquatic toxicology and dreissenid mussel biology on our proposed. The final recommendations contained in the present review are based on published standard guidelines, methods reported in the published and gray literature, and the expertise of TTWG members and an external panel. In addition, our review identifies research needs for dreissenid mussel testing including improved methods for early–life stage testing, comparative data on life stages and between dreissenid mussel species, inclusion of a reference toxicant, and additional testing of nontarget species (i.e., other aquatic organisms). Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1649–1666. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant potential, and shelf stability of developed roselle–fig fruit bar
Authors: Aslam Hunaina , Nadeem Muhammad , Shahid Urooj , Ranjha Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz , Khalid Waseem , Qureshi Tahir Mahmood , Nadeem Muhammad Ather , Asif Alaiha , Fatima Mehak , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: May 2023

Fruit bars are prepared by combining different ingredients which are wholesome and nutrient rich. The current study was designed to develop roselle–fig (different proportions) fruit bars and further investigate their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. Moreover, the prepared fruit bars were scrutinized for microbial and sensory characteristics to assess the appropriateness of ingredients during storage (up to 90 days). It was observed that there was gradual increase in moisture content with the passage of time, while ash, fat, fiber, and protein contents did not change significantly during storage. The pH and total soluble solid contents of these fruit bars during storage were 3.54–4.07 and 1.71–1.86 Brix, respectively. According to the mean values for sensory evaluation, T2 was preferred over other treatments. The bars received an acceptable sensory evaluation, demonstrating that they were suitable for 90 days of storage. Phytochemical quantities significantly increased in subsequent treatments, but decreased during storage in all the treatments. Similar trend was observed regarding total antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The mineral contents increased significantly among the treatments. The microbial analysis of fruit bars exposed that the fruit were microbiologically safe. Hence, on the basis of the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that the developed roselle–fig fruit bar would be acceptable and nutritious regarding physicochemical characteristics, microbiological quality, and antioxidant potential.
Follow‐Up Effect of Wechat Group on Discharged Patients with Colles Fracture
Authors: Tang Lifen , Dai Jingjing
Published: May 2023

This work explores the effect of a Wechat group on follow‐up and continuation of nursing for discharged patients with Colles fracture. A total of 96 patients with Colles fracture are enrolled and randomized into two groups by the random number table method. The control group is followed up and guided by traditional methods. Based on the follow‐up method adopted in the control group, a Wechat group is combined with Wechat constant tracking. The regular follow‐up rate, a satisfaction of with continuing care, Gartland–Werley wrist score, the exercise of self‐care agency score (ESCA score), and complications are compared and analyzed. The regular follow‐up rate, satisfaction, Gartland–Werley wrist score, and self‐care ability of patients in the Wechat group are significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis of postoperative complications showed that although there is no significant difference in the incidence of median nerve irritation and incision infection (p > 0.05), the proportion of joint stiffness in the control group is significantly higher (p < 0.05). The establishment of Wechat groups to follow up and continue nursing for discharged patients with Colles fracture is helpful to achieve better clinical efficacy and improve the effective way for doctor–patient communication, which is worthy of active promotion.
Preserving elderly mental health amid climate change
Authors: Aruta John Jamir Benzon R.
Published: May 2023

Key points

The elderly population is prone to the mental health impacts of climate change.

Addressing the root cause and systemic problems associated with climate change is urgent and necessary.

The creation of mental health systems that pay attention to the needs of the elderly amid climate change must be prioritized.
Fluorescent Groups at the Core of Phosphorus Dendrons and Their Properties
Authors: Caminade Anne‐Marie , Hameau Aurélien , Moineau‐Chane Ching Kathleen , Turrin Cédric‐Olivier
Published: May 2023

This review presents the synthesis of dendrons (dendritic wedges) based on cyclotriphosphazene cores, in which one function is a fluorescent group, and the five remaining functions are used for growing the dendritic branches. The growing of the branches is carried out by a divergent method, using a two‐step process which implies hydroxybenzaldehyde and the phosphorhydrazide H2NNMeP(S)Cl2. Four different fluorophores have been used, derived from maleimide, julolidine, pyrene, or from a near‐infra‐red fluorophore. Depending on the type of fluorophore and on the type of terminal functions of the dendrons, different applications have been targeted. One can cite experiments in catalysis or for the elaboration of materials, transfection experiments, the study of anti‐cancer properties, and imaging in relation with the human immune system.
The power of academic and public opinion in conservation: The case of Ayyalon Cave, Israel
Authors: Gavish‐Regev Efrat , Frumkin Amos , Na'aman Israel , Langford Boaz , Aharon Shlomi , Ya'aran Shemesh , Kolodny Oren , Mammola Stefano
Published: May 2023

While pessimism dominates discussions on biodiversity loss, it is increasingly recognized that for the long‐term success of conservation programs, we also need hope. One way to foster hope is to celebrate the positive outcomes of conservation efforts. Here, we report on a successful step in the conservation efforts of Ayyalon cave, a unique subterranean ecosystem discovered in 2006 as a result of mining activities in a quarry in central Israel. Ayyalon cave is one of the few known fully sustained subterranean autotrophic sulfur‐based food webs, in turn supporting a diverse, specialized endemic fauna. Upon the discovery of the cave, its isolation from the surface was compromised, resulting in colonization of alien species and changes in environmental conditions. In May 2021, the cave was put at additional risk following a plan to inject millions of cubic meters of fresh, cold, and oxidized water into the quarry. A team of Israeli scientists decided to take action, starting a highly mediatic campaign to save the cave. This campaign involved cooperation among domestic and foreign academics, the general public sector, and diverse stakeholders. Despite strong economic interests, the conservation campaign succeeded in pushing the National Infrastructure Committee to rectify the plan to inject water into the cave. Stemming from this success, we discuss important take‐home messages that are paramount for the broader conservation science community.
Effects of general change mechanisms on outcome in telephone‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy for distressed family caregivers
Authors: Wrede Nicolas , Töpfer Nils F. , Wilz Gabriele
Published: May 2023

Background

The study investigated the influence of general change mechanisms (GCMs) on outcome in telephone‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for family caregivers.

Methods

In a stepped‐care intervention approach, highly distressed family caregivers received telephone‐based CBT after completing a care counseling intervention. Sixty‐six therapist‐caregiver dyads rated emotional bond, agreement on collaboration, problem actuation, resource activation, clarification of meaning, and mastery after each of 12 therapy sessions. Outcomes were caregiver burden (SCQ‐AV) and depression (CES‐D) after therapy. Associations of GCMs with outcome were examined in multilevel regression models.

Results

Caregiver burden was significantly predicted by caregiver‐rated emotional bond (β = −0.18) as well as therapist‐rated resource activation (β = −0.26), problem actuation (β = −0.22), clarification of meaning (β = −0.18), and mastery (β = −0.18). None of the GCMs predicted depression from any perspective.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that GCMs are relevant for reducing caregiver burden in CBT for family caregivers and should be fostered in treatment manuals, in particular therapist‐rated GCMs. Since therapist and caregiver perspectives differed in predicting caregiver burden, future research should investigate perspective congruence and its effect on therapy outcome.
Woodchips biochar versus bone char in a one‐year model soil incubation experiment: the importance of soil/char pH alteration on nutrient availability in soil
Authors: Száková Jiřina , Stiborová Hana , Mercl Filip , Hailegnaw Niguss Solomon , Lhotka Miloslav , Derevyankina Tatyana , Paul Chandra Sekhar , Taisheva Altyn , Brabec Marek , Tlustoš Pavel
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Biochars have become one of the most intensively and extensively investigated soil amendment materials in terms of their production, application and fate in the soil because of benefits such as increased soil quality and fertility. Biochar from woodchips and bone char from meat bone waste from a poultry slaughterhouse were prepared at 300 and 500 °C and then thoroughly mixed with two soils (cambisol and luvisol) that differed in their physicochemical parameters in ratios of 2% and 5% (w/w).

RESULTS

The impact of bone and biochar amendments on nutrient availability was assessed during a one‐year model laboratory experiment. The feedstock origin and pyrolysis temperature affected the prepared materials’ physical properties and nutrient (Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn) availability. With increasing temperature, the structure of woodchip biochar changed from macroporous to microporous, and bone char changed from non‐porous to mesoporous. However, when mixed with soil, the biochar‐derived change in soil pH was revealed to be the most crucial parameter affecting soil nutrient mobility. Of all the tested elements, Only Cu, Fe and Zn were unaffected by biochar addition. Furthermore, temporal changes in element mobility during incubation were also elucidated.

CONCLUSION

The changes over time in element mobility indicated that soil properties were more important than bone and biochar characteristics. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).