bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fake News through the Eyes of Three Generations of Russians: Differences and Similarities in Social Representations
Authors: Tkhostov Alexander Sh. , Rikel Alexander M. , Vialkova Margarita Ye.
Published: September 2022

Background. The problem of fake news becomes especially prominent during periods of social exacerbation, such as the coronavirus pandemic, wherein the events have a significant impact on many lives. Generational differences are considered as a factor affecting perceptions of the reliability of news. Objective. The aim of this study was to reveal and compare the social representations of information reliability and news verification criteria among people belonging to the Generation of Reforms (born 1968-1981), the Millennial Generation (1982-2000) and Generation Z (2001 and later) in Russia. Design. The study involved 431 participants and was comprised of two stages: focus groups and a survey. The data analysis methods employed were thematic analysis, qualitative and quantitative content analysis, coefficient of positive answers (according to J. Abric), Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson’s chi-square test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and Kendall’s t-rank correlation coefficient. Results. We have found significant differences between the Generation of Reforms (CPA: 80,5; p = 0,000) and Generation Z (CPA: 90,2; p = 0,000), and similarities between the Millennial Generation (CPA: 90,3; p = 0,000) and Generation Z, in the structure and content of social representations regarding “fakes”. Notably, Generation Z favors a fact-checking strategy to identify news reliability, while “Reformists” rely on offline contacts. Conclusion. Generations in Russia differ with respect to their tolerance of “fakes” and their strategies for news verification. The results advance our understanding of “fakes” as purely social constructs. The attribution of media incompetence to older and younger cohorts by each other was discussed as the generational conflict.
The role of donor and receiver size in the response to public cues in Hart’s rivulus, Anablepsoides hartii
Authors: Groves Veronica , Elvidge Chris K. , Brown Grant E.
Published: September 2022

Aquatic prey use chemical alarm cues as public information sources to optimize behavioural decisions. Recent studies suggest that the contextual value of these cues is shaped by their source, the size of the donor relative to the receiver, and the size of the receiver itself. Here, we exposed Hart’s rivulus (Anablepsoides hartii) to conspecific or heterospecific alarm cues from donors that were either smaller or larger than the mean focal rivulus size. Smaller rivulus reduced foraging in response to conspecific and heterospecific cues, regardless of donor size. However, larger rivulus exhibited no reduction in foraging towards small conspecific cues and increased foraging towards small heterospecific cues. Additionally, while conspecific donors elicited strong predator avoidance, rivulus exhibited stronger responses to large vs. small heterospecific cues. Our results demonstrate that the value of alarm cues is shaped by the interacting effects of receiver size and the size and species of cue donors.
Literature Festivals
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle
Published: September 2022

Literary festivals have become authorities in the literary field, promoting works through the charismatic persona of their author, and operating a transfer of symbolic capital from the most famous ones to the newcomers. Some of these festivals are international, and thus play a role in the making of world authorship and of world literature. Based on a quantitative and qualitative study of thirty-eight international literary festivals, this paper focuses on the way international literary festivals reflect, even as they shape, the structure of the transnational literary field. International festivals tend to mirror the unequal conditions of access to world authorship and the power relations that structure the world market for translations. However, some of them develop strategies to counter these power relations. They are also more politicized, and try to construct a more diverse and inclusive transnational public sphere, where writers act as public intellectuals.
Charismatic Theology and Biblical Emphases
Authors: Ruthven Jon
Published: September 2022

Biblical theology has demonstrated a sharp divergence in emphases between the New Testament and traditional systematic theology in the areas of hermeneutics, the Holy Spirit, the kingdom of God, soteriology, and faith, among others. Within traditional systematic theology, these doctrines evolved toward a common characteristic: the denial or evasion of their inherent charismatic significance. By contrast, the more objective discipline of biblical theology shows the New Testament emphases within these doctrines to be dominantly charismatic. Scientific interpretive procedures comprising content analysis, widely used in communication research, shows objectively, and even more strongly, the dominant charismatic emphasis within these NT doctrines. The consequence of this approach is that an emphatically charismatic theology is also, centrally, a biblical theology, normatively binding on all who claim scripture as their primary principle of religious authority.
Adoption and the Spirit in Romans 8
Authors: Burke Trevor J.
Published: September 2022

The apostle Paul’s ambivalence towards the Law (Rom. 7) is investigated against the many pneumatological statements in Rom. 8 and the suggestion is made that the eschatological Spirit–often ignored or overlooked–could be one solution to the subject of Paul and the Law. Not only does the OT and Jewish literature of the period look forward to a time when the Spirit would replace the Torah as a way of life but adoption too is depicted as an eschatological blessing and Paul, aware of such promises, brings the two gifts together in the phrase pneuma huiothesias. For Paul the era of the pneuma is also the era of adoption and-now that the last days have arrived–the apostle wants his readers to be in no doubt as to the moral responsibilities upon them as God’s children. Thus, the expression ‘to be led by the Spirit' (v. 14) is best understood against the immediately preceding phrase 'put to death the misdeeds of the body' (v. 13b). The dual testimony of the Spirit with the adopted son’s spirit not only assures the believer of their new position of sonship but may also point to contemporary practice (not excluding the OT) as a more likely milieu from which Paul got his adoption term.
O Judas! What have you done?
Authors: Gosling F.A.
Published: September 2022

The article seeks to consider the contribution of recent research to our understanding of who Judas was and seeks to consider the work of W. Klassen who has published recently on this topic. In particular it seeks to evaluate his contention that the Greek verb παραδίδωµι does not carry the negative nuance of ‘betray’, but rather simply ‘hand over, deliver’. In so doing it seeks to evaluate the use of παραδίδωµι through Classical, LXX, Josephus and NT Greek. Having conducted this survey the study seeks to conclude that the rendering ‘betray’ is one that can be found in all strata of the Greek language, so that there is no reason why it should not carry such a meaning there also.
Reflections on the Authorship of 2 Peter
Authors: Gilmour Michael J.
Published: September 2022

Authorship debates commence when the named author of a writing is thought to be incapable of producing that document. This assumes that enough is known about the author in question to make such a judgment. This paper is a plea for caution. It argues that there are often too many variables involved in such historical questions – especially with respect to earliest Christianity – to make dogmatic assertions. A better way is to admit openly our limitations. Five specific examples of potential ambiguity in authorship debates are discussed.
Macroscepis sinalobolana (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobeae) a new and endemic species to Sinaloa, México
Authors: ALVARADO-CÁRDENAS LEONARDO O. , PÍO-LEÓN JUAN F. , CHÁVEZ-HERNÁNDEZ MARÍA G.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Macroscepis from Sinaloa, Mexico is described here. Macroscepis sinalobolana is morphologically similar to M. diademata and M. stevensii but differs in its corolla, gynostegial corona, and fruit morphology, as well as its distribution. Descriptions, illustrations, morphological comparisons, and geographic distribution maps of these species, together with its conservation status, are provided. This discovery is important because the diversity of the genus increases to five species in México, with three of them endemic to the country.
Morphological ontogeny and complementary description of Neoseiulus subsolidus (Beglyarov) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: KHAUSTOV VLADIMIR A. , DÖKER ISMAIL , JOHARCHI OMID , KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A.
Published: September 2022

The morphological ontogeny of Neoseiulus subsolidus (Beglyarov) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) was studied based on the specimens collected from Salix sp. (Salicaceae) leaves in Tyumen region and Altai Republic, Russia. All active life stages including larva, protonymph, deutonymph, adult female and male were described and illustrated. The taxonomic challenges in recognizing species in the canadensis species group are discussed.
Ontogenetic instars of Lepidacarus maafushiensis sp. nov. from the Maldives, with remarks on morphological ontogeny of Lohmanniidae (Acari, Oribatida)
Authors: BAYARTOGTOKH BADAMDORJ , ERMILOV SERGEY G. , JOHARCHI OMID
Published: September 2022

Although the juvenile instars of oribatid mite family Lohmanniidae are well known compared to the other families of the infraorder Enarthronota, information on morphological ontogeny most known species is still lacking. Herein, a new species of the genus Lepidacarus is proposed from soil-litter of the Maafushi Island, Maldives, based on all ontogenetic instars. A comparative analysis of ontogenetic instars of species belonging various genera of Lohmanniidae is given, and the major characteristics of juvenile instars of 21 species are presented. From this analysis, it can be generalized that the juvenile morphologies of lohmanniid genera are quite similar and uniform, there is no significant features separating different genera of Lohmanniidae, and the juveniles of various genera differ from one another in the same characteristics as the adults.
Morphological ontogeny of Pilogalumna tenuiclava (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) and comments on Pilogalumna Grandjean
Authors: SENICZAK ANNA , SENICZAK STANISŁAW
Published: September 2022

The morphological ontogeny of Pilogalumna tenuiclava (Berlese, 1908) is redescribed and illustrated. The prodorsal setae of juveniles are of medium size or long and barbed, and bothridial seta is fusiform, with thick, barbed head. Larva has 11 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h2, most are short and smooth, except for longer and barbed c2, c3, dp, h1 and h2. The nymphs have 15 pairs of these setae, most are short and smooth, except for longer and barbed c3. Gastronotal shield of juveniles is poorly developed, with setae of d-, l-series, and h1 in the larva, and d-, l-, h-series and p1 in the nymphs, setae of c-series, p2 and p3 are inserted on unsclerotized integument. In all juveniles, a humeral organ is present.
Morphological ontogeny of Hermanniella septentrionalis (Acari, Oribatida, Hermanniellidae) and comments on Hermanniella Berlese
Authors: SENICZAK ANNA , SENICZAK STANISŁAW , KOWALSKI JAROSŁAW
Published: September 2022

The morphological ontogeny of Pilogalumna tenuiclava (Berlese, 1908) is redescribed and illustrated. The prodorsal setae of juveniles are of medium size or long and barbed, and bothridial seta is fusiform, with thick, barbed head. Larva has 11 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h2, most are short and smooth, except for longer and barbed c2, c3, dp, h1 and h2. The nymphs have 15 pairs of these setae, most are short and smooth, except for longer and barbed c3. Gastronotal shield of juveniles is poorly developed, with setae of d-, l-series, and h1 in the larva, and d-, l-, h-series and p1 in the nymphs, setae of c-series, p2 and p3 are inserted on unsclerotized integument. In all juveniles, a humeral organ is present.
How Tax Credits Can Support Formerly Incarcerated Individuals and Their Families
Authors: Smith Natalie
Published: September 2022

Tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) can provide vital income support to people returning to their communities following incarceration. But the current design of the EITC prevents many from accessing the income support that it provides. In this article, I propose expanding the EITC so that it better serves communities that have been harmed by punitive criminal legal policy. An expanded EITC could raise the incomes of community members returning from incarceration by 8 to 40 percent and raise the incomes of some caregiving families by 20 to 35 percent. I also consider the potential of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) to encourage employers to hire justice-involved workers. Finally, I argue that policy-makers should develop a bolder, refundable tax credit targeted at individuals who return to their communities from a variety of institutions, including carceral facilities. With more inclusive tax credits, social policy can begin to redress the harms of mass incarceration and support a vision of public safety that is centered on flourishing communities.
Material characterisation of biaxial glass-fibre non-crimp fabrics as a function of ply orientation, stitch pattern, stitch length and stitch tension
Authors: Quenzel Philipp , Kröger Hauke , Manin Boris , Ngoc Vu Khiêm , Duong Thang Xuan , Gries Thomas , Itskov Mikhail , Sauer Roger A.
Published: September 2022

Due to their high density-specific stiffnesses and strength, fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are particularly interesting for mobility and transport applications. Warp-knitted non-crimp fabrics (NCF) are one possible way to produce such FRP composites. They are advantageous because of their low production costs and the ability to tailor the properties of the textile to the reinforcement and drape requirements of the application. Based on their specific production parameters, their draping properties can vary significantly. Draping simulations are used to predict the forming behaviour without relying on costly and time consuming trial and error experiments. However, these simulations require a broad material dataset to make accurate predictions. Previous studies have investigated the relationships between production parameters and drape behaviour only in isolation for a limited number of material parameters at a time. In this study, a comprehensive material characterisation is carried out. The influence of ply orientation, stitch pattern, stitch length and stitch tension on the tensile and bending properties and the friction, shear and drape behaviour of NCFs are investigated on a meso and macro scale. Furthermore, the inter-ply sliding phenomena in bias extension tests are analysed and the results of bias extension and picture frame tests are compared.
Small punch testing of Al-TiB2 composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering: A computational and experimental study
Authors: Priel E , Mittelman B , Trabelsi N , Lulu-Bitton N , Haroush S , Kalabukhov S , Hayun S , Navi NU
Published: September 2022

The Small Punch Test (SPT) method is especially useful for quantifying the mechanical properties of metallic materials in cases where the material available for testing is limited or for in service monitoring. However, the applicability of this method to metal matrix composites has not yet been fully established. In the present study, Al-TiB2 composite billets with TiB2 particle volume fractions of 5%,10% and 15% were manufactured using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Thin specimens with 0.5 mm thickness were cut from the billets, and SPT experiments were conducted until failure. Well-accepted analytical techniques were utilized to determine the Al-TiB2 composite effective yield stress for all TiB2 particle volume fractions. It was shown, that standard analytical methods for characterizing the effective yield stress were adequate only for TiB2 volume fractions of up to 5%. The experimental mechanical response up to and including failure was reproduced for all Al-TiB2 compositions by finite element analysis incorporating a continuum damage mechanics approach. The computational analysis revealed that for high TiB2 volume content, the region of the SPT loading curve which is commonly associated with specimen yielding, may represent a mixture of yielded and damaged areas. Since the damage distribution in the specimen influences the specimen flexural modulus, standard analytical relations cannot be used to determine the composite yield stress and computational methods must be used. This finding may explain the inconsistent results reported in the literature with regard to the accuracy of the SPT method in determining the effective yield stress for metal matrix composites.
Hospitality work and the sociality of affective labour
Authors: Farrugia David , Coffey Julia , Threadgold Steven , Adkins Lisa , Gill Ros , Sharp Megan , Cook Julia
Published: September 2022

This article explores how the social relationships of precarious workers contribute to employment and labour practices in the hospitality industry. In so doing, it contributes to theoretical discussions about the nature of post-Fordist labour, and to studies of the social relations of precarity as they are enacted in workers’ intimate lives. Empirically, the article describes a distinctive mode of interpersonal negotiation and sociality practised by workers that is connected to the requirement that workers be ‘fun’ at work to facilitate consumption and to support the labour of co-workers. This sociality also shapes access to employment. However, the way that this takes place sheds light on divisions within the service labour force, in which employment opportunities are distributed through a social ‘scene’ that excludes migrant and ethnic minority workers. Involvement in this scene places the relationship between the public and the private in workers’ social lives into a constant tension, but exclusion increases vulnerability to poor working conditions and exploitation. The article concludes by arguing that the relationship between the public and the private in the practice of affective labour is not dissolved so much as posed as a problem that workers must negotiate within the disciplinary requirements of labour in specific industries and the modes of embodied inequality shaping the service labour force.
The role of resources in repair practice: Engagement with self, paid and unpaid clothing repair by young consumers
Authors: McQueen Rachel H , Jain Ayesha , McNeill Lisa S , Kozlowski Anika
Published: September 2022

As repair can lead to a reduction in clothing consumption and textile waste, repair is essential toward improving the lifetime sustainability of garments and achieving a circular economy. In the literature, common barriers preventing one from conducting garment repairs have been identified. This research re-conceptualizes common repair barriers as repair resources that comprise the skills, tools, priority, and perceived expense that may motivate one toward self-repair, paid and unpaid repair of clothing. A survey of 523 young Canadian consumers (aged 18–34 years) was conducted, in order to examine the impact selected demographic factors and repair resources have on their propensity to carry out different forms of clothing repair. Independent variables were demographic factors and four repair resources, dependent variables were three repair practices. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that women were more likely to engage in self-repair, while no gender differences appeared in paid and unpaid repair. Increasing age leads to increased self and paid repair; whereas unpaid repair was more likely to be utilized by the younger consumers. Three repair resources of skills, tools, and priority toward repair strongly predict self-repair. Paid repair is more likely to be utilized if the cost for professional repair services is not perceived to be prohibitive. Young consumers who utilize unpaid repair, while not having the skills, do have access to repair tools and access to skilled resource-rich individuals. The results from this study have implications toward fashion brands, policy and communities in promoting and encouraging various forms of repair practice.
Global human obesity and political globalization; asymmetric relationship through world human development levels
Authors: Munir Mubbasher , Zakaria Zahrahtul Amani , Alhajj Reda , Mohamad Mumtazimah Binti , Baig Atif Amin , Arshed Noman
Published: September 2022

Purpose - Political globalization is a crucial and distinct component of strengthening global organizations. Obesity is a global epidemic in a few nations, and it is on the verge of becoming a pandemic that would bring plenty of diseases. This research aims to see how the political globalization index affects worldwide human obesity concerning global human development levels. Methods- To assess any cross-sectional dependence among observed 109 nations, the yearly period from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed using second generation panel data methods. KAO panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Least Square model were used to meet our objectives. Finding- Low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity because countries cannot sway international decisions and resources towards them. While the high level of political globalization tends to reduce obesity because it can control and amends international decisions. For the regression model, a fully modified Least Square model was utilized. The study observed that the R squared values for all models are healthy, with a minimum of 87 percent variables explaining differences in global obesity at the country level. Originality: There is very important to tackle the globalization issue to reduce global human obesity. With the simplicity of dietary options and the amount of physical labour they undergo in their agricultural duties, an increase in rural population percentage tends to lower the average national obesity value.
Cerebral perfusion in untreated, controlled, and uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Christie Isabel N , Windsor Rowan , Mutsaerts Henk JMM , Tillin Therese , Sudre Carole H , Hughes Alun D , Golay Xavier , Gourine Alexander V , Hosford Patrick S
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated the association between systemic arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion in 740 participants of the UK's largest tri-ethnic study with measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) performed using arterial spin labelling MRI. A significant negative correlation between blood pressure, age and CBF was observed across the patient cohort. The lowest CBF values were recorded in the group of patients with hypertension that were prescribed with anti-hypertensive drugs, but uncontrolled on medication. These findings confirm that hypertension is associated with reduced cerebral perfusion and highlight the importance of blood pressure control for the benefit of maintaining brain blood flow.
Paraglottic space schwannoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Hui , Guo Yang , Li Cai , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2022

Neurogenic tumors located in the larynx are extremely rare. Among them, schwannoma is a benign encapsulated tumor originating from Schwann cells, which form nerve fiber sheaths in the peripheral nervous system. We herein report a case of a schwannoma arising from a rare subsite of the larynx and review the literature on laryngeal schwannoma. The case involved a woman with a 1-month history of globus pharyngeus and dysphagia without dysphonia. Rigid laryngoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large submucosal bulge toward the medial wall of the right pyriform fossa, pushing the right false and true vocal cords and aryepiglottic fold inward. A transcervical approach was used to completely excise the tumor without incisional biopsy or preliminary tracheotomy. Histology confirmed a benign schwannoma originating from the right paraglottic space, which was extremely rare. During follow-up, no evidence of recurrence or a residual mass was found. The transcervical approach is a useful and less invasive treatment for laryngeal schwannoma located in the paraglottic space.
Capital budgeting and Kelly betting
Authors: Johnstone David J
Published: September 2022

Capital investments are easily interpreted as bets and vice versa. The mathematical theory of betting, often known as ‘Kelly betting’, has implications for all financial decision-making under uncertainty. There have been attempts to exploit Kelly betting methods in financial portfolio optimization, but there has been little analysis of conventional capital budgeting methods against a Kelly framework. A simple comparison between methods reveals that capital budgeting decisions made using conventional finance methods can embed the error that Kelly theorists call ‘overbetting’. The outcome of overbetting is that the firm reduces its expected compound capital growth rate while simultaneously adding to the volatility of its anticipated growth path. That unfortunate pairing is mathematically precluded under Kelly betting rules but is implicitly, albeit unknowingly, sanctioned by accepted capital budgeting practices in finance.

JEL Classification: G11, G12, G31
Emissions and Air Quality Implications of Enabling On-Road Vehicles as Flexible Load Through Widescale Zero Emission Vehicle Deployment in California
Authors: Forrest Kate , Lane Blake , Tarroja Brian , Mac Kinnon Michael , Samuelsen Scott
Published: September 2022

This study assesses the impacts of on-road light- to heavy-duty zero emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption and charging protocols on greenhouse gas emissions for the years 2030 and 2045 in California, and on air quality for the year 2045. Two scenarios are addressed: (1) a “business-as-usual” (BAU) scenario with modest ZEV adoption, and (2) a “carbon neutral” scenario that achieves carbon neutrality by 2045 with proactive ZEV adoption. Electricity load for fueling ZEVs is projected, including electricity fuel for battery electric vehicles and electrolytic hydrogen for fuel cell electric vehicles. This electric load was input into an electric grid dispatch model and electric grid and air quality analyses were conducted. The results revealed that although medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs) are projected to have lower total electric load associated with fueling, they will require roughly double the electricity for hydrogen production of light-duty vehicles. For the electric grid scenarios examined, ZEV loads increased peak electricity demand by 3% to 6% in 2030 and 22% to 31% in 2045. MHDV time-of-use and smart charging strategies were equally able to shift charging demand to off-peak times. Higher ZEV loads under the carbon neutral scenario increased natural gas use up to 6% in 2030 and energy storage requirements up to 45% in 2045 compared with the BAU scenario. The analyses also found that achieving carbon neutrality through ZEV adoption had the cobenefit of significantly reducing ground-level ozone and PM2.5 concentrations in key regions of California, providing health savings of approximately $28 billion annually in 2045.
Assessment of Driver Distraction at Work Zones with Portable Rumble Strip Deployments in Texas
Authors: Ullman Gerald L.
Published: September 2022

The objective of this research was to assess the extent of distracted driving occurring on roadways in Texas, U.S., as drivers approach a work zone and the extent to which portable rumble strips (PRS) may influence those rates. The research team utilized direct field observations of drivers approaching work zones at several Texas work zones. At each work zone, team members positioned themselves near the location of the upstream set of PRS. Team members also collected observational data at a second location downstream from that initial PRS location. The results of the field studies showed that nearly one in five motorists are visually distracted in some manner while driving as they approach a work zone. The studies also showed that this rate of visual distraction decreased at distances closer to the work zone. Observations of distracted drivers as they passed over the PRS indicate that at least some of that decrease in distraction over distance was because of the presence of the PRS. Data were not sufficient to determine conclusively how long the distraction-reducing effects of PRS last. However, data from one site suggest that the effect was limited to the first 1,500 ft after traversing the PRS.
Addressing Stigma and Promoting Help-Seeking Among African Nova Scotian Youth Experiencing Psychosis and Other Mental Health Problems
Authors: Waldron Ingrid , Senger Brannon , Cookey Jacob , Crown Margie , Tibbo Phil
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of perceptions of mental illnesses (especially psychosis), help-seeking, barriers to help-seeking, and opportunities to facilitate help-seeking in the African Nova Scotian Community.

Methods

A qualitative interpretive narrative approach, using the focus group method, was employed to engage African Nova Scotians in discussions on their perceptions and beliefs about mental illnesses and help-seeking in their communities. Youth in Early Intervention services, their caregivers, youth in the community, their caregivers, community leaders, and health service providers, were recruited from four locations in the Halifax Regional Municipality. A total of 75 individuals (37 female, 38 male) participated in the study. Narrative emplotment was used to analyse data from focus groups.

Results

Findings from focus groups were categorized based on four areas of discussion: (a) perceptions about psychosis and other mental illnesses among youth, caregivers, service providers and community leaders (b) beliefs about help-seeking among youth, caregivers, services providers and community leaders; (c) barriers and facilitators to seeking help for mental illnesses; and (d) the content and format of educational resources to educate and support youth, families and communities.

Conclusions

Stigma surrounding mental illnesses in the community, lack of knowledge of illness and available services, concerns regarding negative involvement with police, or dismissal of difficulties by health care providers represent significant barriers to help-seeking in this community. Additionally, barriers include a lack of trust in health care services and a dearth of African Nova Scotian service providers. Bolstering capacity of community organizations to support and educate individuals around illness as well as fostering collaboration between health services and community organizations could reduce barriers to care. Future research should focus on examining ways to engage African Nova Scotians in collaboration with existing community organizations.
Microwave assisted preparation of a hemostatic gauze with mesoporous silica through in-situ synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhuoran , Hou Min , Liu Tao , Li Fan , Yang Kun , Ding Sheng , Lin Song
Published: September 2022

The medical disinfection cotton gauze is the most frequently used medical consumables for wound care. Here this ordinary commercial gauze was upgraded to a hemostatic gauze, which was loaded with mesoporous silica through in-situ synthesis and further microwave treatment. The original cotton gauze was pretreated with NaOH solutions for surface activation, soaked in double-silica source precursor solution for moderate in-situ synthesis, treated with microwave for quick template removement and dehydration. The final obtained hemostatic gauze (MS-G1) showed superior physical, biocompatible and hemostatic advantages. The newborn mesoporous silica was firmly anchored onto the cotton fiber surface with <20% leaching after 10 min of sonication. The microwave treatment not only shortened the time for template removal but also promotes the formation of mesoporous structure. The clotting blood time (CBT) of MS-G1 were only (62.00 ± 5.56 s), which was 23.14% shorter than that of original medical gauze, and even 3.6% shorter than Combat Gauze (CG). MS-G1 also showed excellent biocompatibility in cytotoxicity tests of L-929 cells, with a 116% proliferation rate at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. Furthermore, the hemostatic performance was explored on a rabbit wound model of hemorrhagic liver injury, and MS-G1 showed both shorter hemostasis time (113.75 s) and less blood loss (1.69 g) than that of CG (180.00 s, 5.13 g). The hemostatic gauze anchored with mesoporous silica was expected to be an excellent prehospital hemostatic dressing for field first aid.
Using an Emergency Plan to Combat Teacher Burnout Following a Natural Hazard
Authors: Cannon Sarah R. , Davis Cassandra R. , Long Rex
Published: September 2022

A relevant, well-crafted emergency plan can help schools most optimally return to normal following a disaster. During this time, educators find themselves facing unintended responsibilities like operating on the front lines of providing social-emotional support for their students. Researchers conducted 115 interviews with educators impacted by Hurricanes Harvey and Matthew in Texas and North Carolina to assess their mental health and their school’s role in returning to normal. Findings suggest that emergency plans often did not take into account the social-emotional factors of recovery. This paper seeks to provide insight into the experiences of educators following a disaster and propose elements to consider in revising school emergency plans.
Safety and Efficacy of Early Post-Operative Intravenous Iron Replacement In Patients With HeartMate III Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Vesper Ryan M. , Kemp Lauren , Iyer Prashanth , Granger Katelynn , Doligalski Christina T. , Byku Mirnela , Hollis Ian B.
Published: September 2022

Background: While guidelines suggest intravenous (IV) iron to improve functional status and quality of life (QoL) in patients with NYHA class II-III heart failure (HF), continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) recipients were not included in early IV iron studies. Our study compared outcomes between patients who did and did not receive IV iron during the index admission following Abbott HeartMate III™ (HM 3) CF-LVAD placement. Methods: Thirty-three adult patients with a HM3 placed at our institution who received early post-operative IV iron (n = 20) or no IV iron replacement (n = 13) were compared. The co-primary outcomes were mean change in quality of life (by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) from baseline to first >90 day clinic follow-up. Results: At first clinic follow-up there was no significant difference between the IV iron and no-IV iron groups in MLHFQ (−27 ± 38 vs −21 ± 41, P = .8822) or 6MWD (360 ± 740 vs 786 ± 722, P = .208). Conclusion: Patients receiving IV iron during index admission following HM3 implantation did not experience an improvement in quality of life or functional capacity when compared to those who did not receive IV iron.
Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Cognition Among Older American Couples: A Dyadic Perspective
Authors: Kong Dexia , Lu Peiyi , Solomon Phyllis , Woo Jean , Shelley Mack
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study examined whether trajectories of depressive symptoms of one spouse are associated with the other spouse’s memory.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2016) were used ( N = 5690 heterosexual couples). Latent-class growth analysis and structural equation models examined the actor and partner effects of depressive symptom trajectories on memory.

Results

Four depressive symptom trajectories were identified (i.e., persistently low, increasing, decreasing, and persistently high). Compared to the low trajectory group, the increasing and persistently high trajectories were associated with worse memory for both men and women. While none of the wives’ depressive symptom trajectories was significantly associated with husbands’ memory ( p > .05), husbands’ decreasing trajectory was linked to wives’ better memory (β = 0.498, 95% CI = 0.106, 0.890).

Discussion

Older adults with increasing and persistently high depressive symptoms may experience worse memory. Psychosocial interventions targeting depressive symptoms among older men may be beneficial to their spouses’ memory.
From volume to value: Improving peri-operative elective pathways through a roadmap from fast-track orthopedic surgery
Authors: Pennestrì Federico , Lega Federico , Banfi Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Healthcare institutions face the pressure generated by modern medicine and society, in terms of increasing expectations and financial constraints. Chronic patients need multidisciplinary care pathways to preserve their wellbeing across the entire journey.

The orthopaedic community has been particularly receptive in testing solutions to align good clinical outcomes and financial sustainability, given the increase in elective procedures provided among aging populations to alleviate pain and reduce disability. Fast-track (FT) total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and bundled payments (BPs) offer relevant examples both from the clinical and the financial perspective; however, they have not been evaluated in combination yet.

The aim of this manuscript is to provide a road map to improve the value of high-volume, multidisciplinary elective procedures, with potential applications in a vast number of surgical specialties, (1) based on an integrated financial budget per episode of care (the BP), (2) building on lessons from a review of the literature on FT TJA.

Although clinical outcomes vary from procedure to procedure, the coordination between the single treatments and providers involved across the patient journey; the commitment of patients and relatives; and the systematic adoption of patient-reported outcomes; can add further value for the benefit of patients, healthcare funders and providers, once essential clinical, financial and administrative conditions are guaranteed.
Thermometry using entropy imaging of ultrasound radio frequency signal time series
Authors: Behnia Ashkan , Behnam Hamid , Shaswary Elyas , Tavakkoli Jahan
Published: September 2022

Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a novel approach that could activate drug release and considerably improve the delivery of anticancer drug. LIFU treatment has some features like is able to penetrate deep into the tissue and being non-invasive, as a consequence LIFU displays great capability for controlling the drug release and improving the chemotherapy treatment efficiency. The goal of this study is to research the feasibility of the entropy parameter of RF time series of ultrasound backscattered signals for measuring the changes in temperature induced by a LIFU device. Entropy Imaging is a technique for reconstructing ultrasound images based on the average uncertainty of time-series in a signal. Furthermore, the Shannon Entropy can quantify the uncertainty of a random process and is usually used as a measure for the information content of probability distributions. In this study, we use the Entropy Imaging method for measuring the LIFU-induced temperature changes in the deep region of ex vivo porcine tissue samples. The results obtained show that the changes of entropy parameter of RF time series signal are proportional to temperature changes recorded by a calibrated thermocouple in the temperature range of 37–47°C. In conclusion, in this study we show that Shannon entropy of RF time series signal possesses promising features like succinctly capturing the available information in a system by considering the uncertainty in a given data that can be used, as a new method, to measure temperature changes non-invasively and quantitatively in the deep region of tissue.
Traditional Healing and Law in Contemporary Senegal: Legitimacies, Normativities and Practices
Authors: Cloatre Emilie , Ndoye Tidiane , Badji Dioumel , Diedhiou Adams
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we chart the context in which contemporary legal debates around traditional healing in Senegal unfold, pointing in particular to the type of power–knowledge relations that are at stake in both the current legal status–quo, and legal changes proposed in 2017. We interrogate the struggles over legitimacy and recognition that are at play in these processes, and the ways in which different actors relate to both formal legal rules, and more fluid forms of legalities, in which imaginaries of the law, and negotiations with the law, translate into everyday practices. We underline how legal and scientific discourses are mobilised to draw the opportunities and boundaries offered to different healing agents, and to organise their respective authority. Traditional healers overlap with modern health practices, while retaining their own ontologies and claims to legitimacy while representatives of the biomedical professions insist that they should have some oversight over the regulation of all healers. As negotiations continue over the possibility for the state to regulate traditional healing, everyday legal choreographies define the relative roles, possibilities and precarity of different healing agents.
Arctic Security: A Global Challenge
Authors: Marsili Marco
Published: September 2022

Arctic security is a main security challenge—a global one, not only a regional one—not only for the Arctic countries, but for the whole international community, first of all Europe. With the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China expanding their role in the area, and the difficulty of finding an undisputed governance on maritime routes and economic exploitation of resources, there is the risk of militarization of the Arctic. After briefly summarizing current and future challenges in the Arctic, this article analyzes the limits due to a deficit of suitable instruments to maintain security in the region, especially in relation to the role of international intergovernmental organizations, and it suggests some remedies to overcome these deficiencies.
Beliefs About the Malleability of Professional Skills and Abilities: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: Schmitt Antje , Scheibe Susanne
Published: September 2022

The concept of a professional skills and abilities mindset denotes beliefs that professional skills and abilities are either malleable (growth mindset) or are uncontrollable and difficult to change (fixed mindset). Based on the career construction theory, we argue that employees’ professional skills and abilities mindset represents an indicator of adaptive readiness that predicts career adaptability and adaptive responses in terms of learning and career engagement. Across four studies (total N = 709), we developed the 6-item professional skills and abilities mindset scale. Study 1 establishes a two-factor structure, satisfactory psychometric properties, and convergent validity. Studies 2 and 3 provide evidence of the criterion validity of the growth but not the fixed mindset subscale for career engagement and learning through career adaptability. Study 4 establishes moderate retest reliability across four weeks. This research establishes a previously neglected predictor of career-related resources and behaviors. Findings can inform vocational consulting and coaching.
Differences in Hospital, Emergency Room and Outpatient Visits Among Adults With and Without Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Castañeda-Avila Maira A. , Lapane Kate L. , Person Sharina D. , Jesdale Bill M. , Zhou Yanhua , Mazor Kathleen M. , Epstein Mara M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

This study evaluated the impact of receiving a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) diagnosis on healthcare utilization from patients at a community-based multispecialty provider organization.

Methods

A cohort of patients with MGUS (n = 429) were matched on sex, age, and length of enrollment to a cohort of patients without MGUS (n = 1286). Healthcare utilization was assessed: 1-12 months before, 1 month before and after, and 1-12 months after diagnosis/index date. Multivariable conditional Poisson models compared change in utilization of each service in patients with and without MGUS.

Results

During the 2 months around diagnosis/index date, the rates of emergency room, hospital and outpatient visits were higher for patients with MGUS than patients without MGUS. In the year before MGUS diagnosis, the association was still elevated, although attenuated.

Conclusion

Understanding the care of MGUS patients is important given that multiple myeloma patients with a pre-existing MGUS diagnosis may have a better prognosis.
Impact of single-nucleotide variants and nutritional status on population pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin, and its effect on cardiotoxicity in children with leukemia
Authors: Gándara-Mireles Jesús Alonso , Lares-Asseff Ismael , Reyes Espinoza Elio Aarón , Fierro Ignacio Villanueva , Castañeda Verónica Loera , Cordova Hurtado Lourdes Patricia , González Carla Díaz , Romero Leslie Patrón , Reyes Horacio Almanza
Published: September 2022

Purpose

 Doxorubicin is an important antineoplastic agent with wide interindividual variability in response to treatment and in its cardiotoxic effects. To determine the effect of genotypic status of three single-nucleotide variants in ABCC1, NCF4, and CBR3 genes and nutritional status assessed by body mass index, on the population pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin and its cardiotoxic effects in pediatric patients with leukemia.

Patients and methods

Seventy pediatric patients treated with Doxorubicin were studied, in which 189 biological samples were obtained to determine Doxorubicin concentrations (1 to 3 samples per patient) at different times, for 20 h.

Results

Low body mass index and age ≤ 7 years were associated with decreased clearance of Doxorubicin, and female gender was associated with increased clearance of Doxorubicin. Low BMI and low height were associated with a decrease and increase, respectively, in the intercompartmental clearance (Q) of Doxorubicin. TT homozygosity of the single-nucleotide variant rs3743527 of the ABCC1 gene was associated with an increase in clearance and decreased area under the curve, AA homozygosity of the single-nucleotide variant rs1883112 of the NCF4 gene was associated with a decrease in the volume of distribution in the peripheral compartment (V2), and GG homozygosity of CBR3 rs1056892 with increasing area under the curve.

Conclusion

Some covariates studied are directly related to the increase or decrease of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Doxorubicin. Decreased clearance, V2, and increased area under the curve were associated with systolic dysfunction, and decreased Q and V2 were associated with diastolic dysfunction. These results may contribute to the effective and safe use of Doxorubicin in pediatric patients with leukemia.