bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Universal Bonding System Associated With 2% Digluconate Chlorhexidine in Carious and Eroded Dentin
Authors: Jacomine JC , Giacomini M , Agulhari MA , Zabeu G , Honório H , Wang L
Published: April 2021

Clinical Relevance

Carious and eroded dentin represent clinical challenges. The use of a universal bonding system, in a self-etching mode, associated with chlorhexidine (CHX) seems to not improve its longevity. This may be attributed to the competition for calcium between the bonding agent functional monomer and CHX.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction between two calcium-dependent agents: 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate in association with a self-etching universal bonding system.

Methods and Materials:

Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from 120 specimens (n=20/group) prepared from extracted sound human third molars and randomly divided into three groups according to the dentin substrate: sound ([S] control), artificial carious ([C] 6 h/demineralization + 18 h/remineralization for 5 days + 48 h/remineralization), and artificial eroded ([E] 3 cycles for 5 min/day for 5 days using orange juice). Before bonding procedures, one-half of the specimens from each group were pretreated with deionized water (W) and the other half with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), forming six groups: S-W, S-CHX, C-W, C-CHX, E-W, and E-CHX. All specimens were restored with Adper Single Bond Universal (self-etching mode) and two increments of composite resin (Filtek Z-250), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Slices (0.8 mm) were obtained from the specimens and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and sticks (0.64 mm2) were obtained and subjected to a microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min) after 24 hours and 6 months of storage. Failure modes were classified using optical microscopy (40×). Data was statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05).

Results:

Substrate type was a statistically significant factor (p<0.0001), whereas neither the pretreatment (p=0.189) nor time (p=0.337) were significant. No interaction considering all the factors was significant (p=0.453). Conclusions: Carious and eroded dentin substrates negatively interfered with the bonding potential of an MDP-based universal bonding system, regardless of the use of CHX. Likely, the reduction of available calcium impaired the effectiveness of the bonding system.
The Evaluation of Different Treatments of Incipient Caries Lesions: An in Situ Study of Progression Using Fluorescence-based Methods
Authors: Diniz M , Campos P , Souza M , Guaré R , Cardoso C , Lussi A , Bresciani E
Published: April 2021

Clinical Relevance

Effective methods to control incipient caries lesions are needed. In this investigation, several methods provide encouraging results.

This study aimed to evaluate in situ the inhibition of incipient caries lesion progression using different treatment protocols and to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorescence-based methods (DIAGNOdent, DIAGNOdent pen, and VistaProof fluorescence camera [FC]) in monitoring this process. The research was conducted in four phases: (1) at baseline, (2) after a first cariogenic challenge, (3) after treatment modalities, and (4) after a second cariogenic challenge. Sixteen volunteers used intraoral acrylic palatal appliances, each containing six enamel blocks (n=96). The cariogenic challenge was performed using a 20% sucrose solution over a 14-day period. The appliances were removed eight times a day and, upon removal, two drops of the solution were placed onto each enamel block. The enamel blocks were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: fluoride varnish ([FV] Duraphat; n=32), resin infiltrant ([RI] Icon; n=32), and adhesive system ([AS] Scotchbond; n=32). At the end of each phase, the surface microhardness (SMH) was measured, and two trained examiners evaluated the specimens using fluorescence-based methods. In addition, integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ; vol%.min x μm) and lesion depth (ΔLD; μm) were evaluated using transverse microradiography. A two-way analysis of variance and a Tukey post hoc test were calculated (α=5%). Significant differences in SMH were observed according to the treatment, phases, and interaction of factors (p<0.001). Treatment with FV resulted in significantly higher SMH values in phases 3 and 4 compared to RI and AS, with the last two treatments resulting in similar values (p>0.05). The ΔΔZ value was similar for FV and AS but significantly higher for RI (p=0.016). ΔLD was not significantly different among the groups (p=0.126). Significant differences in the measurement of fluorescence for each fluorescence-based method were observed between each phase of the study (p<0.05). It can be concluded that all treatments were effective in inhibiting the in situ progression of incipient lesions, although to different degrees, with minor mineral loss changes observed for the AS and FV. Besides, all fluorescence-based methods tested, except for that using the FC device, were effective in monitoring caries lesion progression.
Docencia y comprensión situacional. El caso de una facultad de educación en el sureste de México
Authors: López Gamboa Galo Emanuel , Baeza Aldana Silvia Alejandra
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado con motivo de la suspensión de labores docentes y académicas en una facultad de educación del sureste de México. Para ello, se parte de la idea de que los docentes cuya formación se basa en la pedagogía y en las ciencias de la educación conciben el fenómeno educativo de forma diferente y, en consecuencia, son capaces de anticipar, adecuar y tomar decisiones pertinentes que van más allá del traslado del aula presencial a la virtualidad con las respectivas herramientas tecnológicas; es decir, tienen no solo una consciencia de la situación, sino también una comprensión situacional que los conduce a la modificación de contenidos, de estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje y —de ser necesario— de criterios de evaluación, dado que la situación es extraordinaria y la enseñanza debe tomar en cuenta las posibilidades, pero también las restricciones que no pueden ser ignoradas. En ese sentido, en cuanto a la consciencia situacional, se encontró que todos los docentes lograron establecer satisfactoriamente la comunicación con sus estudiantes a través de diferentes vías y redes, tanto institucionales como personales. Asimismo, en términos de la comprensión situacional, el profesorado señaló cambios importantes a partir de los efectos de la pandemia en la vida estudiantil, familiar y personal del alumnado, y se mostró sensible a la situación al grado de confrontar ellos mismos su rol docente y hacer los cambios necesarios para adaptarse lo mejor posible a una situación por demás retadora en múltiples niveles.
The influence of the solveny medium on the aggregation of asphaltene macromolecules and determination of their molar mass
Authors:   Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Middea Antonieta ,   Mineral Technological Center (CETEM), Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil, de Mello Monte Marisa Bezerra ,   Mineral Technological Center (CETEM), Ilha do Fundão, RJ, Brazil, Lucas Elizabete Fernandes ,   Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published: April 2021

The formation of aggregates of a fraction of asphaltenes extracted from Brazilian crude oil was investigated by measuring the interfacial tension and kinematic viscosity of their solutions prepared in different solvents. The interfacial tension results indicate the existence of critical micelle concentration (CMC) levels of the asphaltenes in solvents with solubility parameters sufficiently different from those of the asphaltene tested. The kinematic viscosity measures revealed the formation of aggregates at concentrations above the CMC. The interfacial tension measures of asphaltenes in organic solutions, although infrequently mentioned in the literature, were used to calculate the molar mass, permitting the comparison of various molar masses attributed to the asphaltenes in the form of aggregates.
Technological and ecological aspects of the practical application of quaternary ammonium salts in production of synthetic emulsion rubbers in Russia
Authors:   N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 4, Kosygina str., 119334 Moscow, Russia, Nikulin Sergey , Misin Viacheslav ,   N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences 4, Kosygina str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2021

In the review physical and chemical aspects and technological parameters of the rubbers production processes from industrial latex with application of ammonium halogenides, tetraalkylammonium salts, poly-(N,N-dimethyl-2-oxypropyleneammonium) chloride, poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride, and his copolymer with SO2 are considered. A significant ecological effect of polymeric flocculants application is shown.
Religion-state relations as a source of modern terrorism
Authors: Zelenkov Mikhail Yuryevich , Fedyakin Ivan Vladimirovich , Zinkovsky Sergey Borisovich , Nikitina Valentina Sergeevna , Bikov Mikhail Yrievich
Published: April 2021

The article is concerned with the impact of religion-state relations on the formation and development of terrorism. The authors have revealed tendencies making representatives of various religious confessions resort to terrorism for the freedom of religion and its protection from external threats, as well manifestations of state violence against different religious groups that damage their religious identity in the 21st century.
Ensuring the on the beginning metaphilosophy: «Antique Project»
Authors: Bezhnar Ganna , Omelchenko Victoria , Semykras Vasyl , Turenko Vitalii , Zarytska Olena
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the specificity of understanding and features of the functioning of philosophy in ancient culture. The antique project of metaphilosophy is not simply a comprehension of the tasks and nature of philosophy for man, but also in the fact that it brings useful or opposite to it for society. Hence, from the very beginning, philosophy has not a local, solipsistic character, but a global one. Based on the consideration of the emergence of philosophy as a phenomenon, its various functions in ancient society are distinguished – in addition to epistemological, this includes anthropological, ethical and aesthetic. Consequently, there are two main aspects of understanding the meaning of philosophy – theoretical and practical, which in evolutionary terms sometimes contradicted and sometimes complemented each other.
Application of the Compositional Contradictions Method of TRIZ to Search for New Solutions in the Field of Electrical Machines
Authors:   Drive Constructor, Norway, MATVEEV Alexey V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work is to increase the quantity and quality of innovations in the field of electrical machines by increasing the quantity and quality of ideas in this field. The application of the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) in electromechanics is demonstrated as one of the ways to achieve the goal. The TRIZ is an empirical, constructive, qualitative, and universal methodology for generating effective ideas and solving problems based on models of contradictions and methods for resolving them, which are extracted from known examples of effective solutions. The application of one of the TRIZ algorithms is demonstrated on examples of solving three complex engineering problems: improving the reliability of electrical machine insulation, extending the operational ranges of electric drive torques and rotation frequencies, and achieving better cooling of an electric vehicle rotor. The accompanying complexities and the ways to overcome them are shown. The minimum necessary tools for conducting independent work in this area are given. The principle of drawing up the new professional vocabulary “TRIZ-Electromechanics” is shown. A brief overview of the skills of inventors and methods of their work is given.
Assessment of the Dynamic Loads Applied to the RBMK-1000 Subreactor Room Walls and Slab during Vapor Explosion
Authors:   NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Osipov Aleksey M. , Ryabov Aleksandr V. ,   NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Finoshkina Darya V. ,   NRC «Kurchatov Institute»
Published: April 2021

One of the conditions for the safe operation of a nuclear power plant (NPP) unit is a comprehensive design and experimental justification of its failure-free operation in all operating modes and limitation of accident radiation consequences, including those in the case of severe beyond design basis accidents. According to the nuclear power industry development plans in Russia, new NPPs equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors are not supposed to be constructed in the future. Although the assigned service life of RBMK-1000 based power units that remain in operation is close to expiration, these power units account for most of the electricity generation in the total amount of nuclear power capacities in Russia (about 40%); therefore, the relevant industry organizations have decided to extend their operation. This article analyzes the severe accident evolvement scenario at an RBMK-based NPP during the stage of severe core damage, in the course of which fuel-containing masses collapse into the subreactor space filled with water. Once fuel-containing masses emerge in the sub-reactor room, they come in interaction with the reactor base concrete. There is a potential danger of the concrete floor slab melting and the corium collapsing into the bubbler pool water. The main strategy foreseen for keeping the molten core within the reactor space boundaries involves decay heat removal from the reactor and cooling of the support metal structures by supplying water. However, the filling of the subreactor space with liquid may give rise to conditions under which vapor explosion can occur. The maximum dynamic impact applied to the RBMK-1000 subreactor room walls in the event of possible interaction between the molten corium and water during a severe beyond design basis accident is estimated. It is shown that when the corium melt interacts with a large amount of water in the subreactor room, the kinetic energy of the resulting water vapor is sufficient to cause significant destruction of the power unit building. When the water level in the subreactor room falls below one meter, the destruction hazard becomes less probable. The mass of hydrogen released as a result of the interaction is also estimated.
Legend of Robber Kudeyar and Its Interpretation by N. Nekrasov in Poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”
Authors: Bogdanova O. V. , Talashov G. P.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the relevance of the interpretation and artistic embodiment of the legend “About two Great Sinners”, which is included in the chapter “A Feast for the whole World” of the poem by N. Nekrasov “Who lives well in Russia”. The authors emphasize that the Nekrasov episode, on the one hand, is based on a familiar folklore plot, on the other — it is interpreted by the poet differently than is traditionally accepted in folk texts. The analysis pointed out that, if in the folklore emphasis is placed on the image of the robber Kudeyar undergoing spiritual transformation, in the poem of Nekrasov focus redirected to the image of “the other robber”, pan Glukhovsky, who, in the view of the author of the poem, is the “most sinful of all”. The article pays special attention to the aspect of the displacement of moral components by social ones. It is demonstrated that Nekrasov approach to solving the core issue of the head, “Who in Russia most sinful of all?” biased and removed from under-standing the triad of “sin of the landowner, sin of the robber, sin of the peasant” pro-posed by the heroes of the Chapter “Feast...”, but makes a scene-meaning “substitute” all “sinners” episodes only responsible for the sinner recognizes the nobleman, only at the social level, opposed to the peasant.
Thorny Way to the East: Expedition to China of Adviser to the Chancellery V. F. Bratishchev in 1757
Authors: Blagoder Yu. G.
Published: April 2021

The facts testifying to the intention of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century to establish equal mutually beneficial relations with China is present-ed in the article. Fragments of archival documents (decrees, memoranda, instructions, reports, etc.) about the expedition of the courier V. F. Bratishchev are given. The main attention is paid to the analysis of documents, which provide descriptions of the long preparation of the diplomatic vis-it, negotiations of V. F. Bratishchev with Qing officials in China. The degree of informativeness of documentary sources is assessed. The documents demonstrate the serious intention of the Russian administration to resolve political and economic issues through negotiations that would allow the Russian Empire to strengthen its position in the Far East. The article notes the principles of functioning of the administrative system of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century. The author of this article considers the diplomatic visit of V. F. Bratishchev to be an example of the clash between the principles of Eurocentrism, which were actively gaining positions in the policy of the Russian ruling elite, and the ideas of the inhabitants of the Middle Empire about the superiority of their own civilization, surrounded by barbarians. Studying this historical event and taking into account the diplomatic mistakes made are relevant both for historical science and modern political interstate interaction.
Mineralogical Code in Russian Color Names
Authors: Griber Yu. A.
Published: April 2021

The results of a comprehensive study of color names derived from the names of colored stones in the system of color names of the modern Russian language are presented in the article. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in two stages using the methods of content analysis and an online psycholinguistic experiment. At the first stage, the state of the semantic group of names of colored stones, potential objects-referents of color names, was assessed by analyzing four different groups of sources: specialized dictionaries of colored stones, dictionaries of color, individual author's dictionaries of color names and explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian language. At the second stage, the state of the color terms formed from the names of colored stones in the active vocabulary of modern Russian speakers was investigated on the basis of data from an online psycholinguistic experiment, in which 2,457 people aged 16 to 95 took part. The results of a comparative analysis of the lists of colored stones-prototypes of color names in the passive and active dictionaries of the speakers of the modern Russian language are presented. The scope of denotation and the function of color names derived from the names of colored stones are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the derivative productivity of the names of referent objects of the studied class and the frequency of use of individual color names in the responses of Russian speakers with different socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, professional experience).
Hotel attributes and customer’s choice behavior: evidence from port Harcourt city, Nigeria
Authors: OJO BELLO Yekinni , BUSAYO BELLO Mercy
Published: April 2021

This paper tested a structural model that examines the proposed relationships between hotel attributes and hotel choice in respect to customers in Port Harcourt, Rivers Nigeria. The study used a structured questionnaire hence, a quantitative research design. Multiple regression analysis was used for analysis of data collected using statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 23. The result shows that all the six hotel attributes have positive and significant relationship with customer’s hotel choice behavior in respect to the study area. Result further validates the proposed Hotel Choice Indicators (HCI) Model for hotels in Port Harcourt City. This study contributed to the body of knowledge by proposing and validating the HCI Model for hotels in an emerging economy and Port Harcourt City in particular. It authenticates attribute that influence hotel choice behavior among hotel patrons in Port Harcourt. The study also increased the explanatory power of the push-pull theory in explaining hotel choice attribute or attributes in an emerging economy.
20 ans de publication dans la Revue suisse des sciences de l’éducation : une rétrospective
Authors: Périsset Danièle
Published: April 2021

Au début de l’année 2019, la Revue suisse des sciences de l’éducation (RSSE) a abandonné l’édition papier pour publier uniquement en version numérique, immédiatement libre d’accès (voir l’éditorial du n° 1-2019)[i]. Et cela faisait 20 ans que la Revue suisse des sciences de l’éducation avait remplacé la revue Éducation et recherche : revue suisse des sciences de l’éducation[ii]. Cette revue scientifique avait été créée en 1979, soit cinq ans après la fondation de la Société suisse pour la recherche en éducation (SSRE) sous l’égide de laquelle la RSSE est éditée.
20 ans de débats autour des politiques éducatives.
Authors: Mathou Cécile , Périsset Danièle , Yerly Gonzague
Published: April 2021

Cet article propose une rétrospective des contenus des numéros thématiques de la Revue suisse des sciences de l’éducation (RSSE) portant spécifiquement sur la question des politiques éducatives, sur une période de 20 ans (2000-2020). Une analyse de contenu a été effectuée sur 15 numéros thématiques, soit 95 articles publiés dans la Revue. Afin de documenter la place des politiques éducatives dans la Revue durant les deux dernières décennies, nous avons identifié la provenance des auteur·e·s et surtout retracé l’évolution des objets traités par les contributrices et contributeurs de la Revue. Cette analyse a été guidée par cinq axes identifiés à partir des débats afférents aux politiques éducatives dans la littérature (principalement francophone) : 1) mondialisation et enquêtes internationales ; 2) réformes curriculaires ; 3) réformes de gouvernance ; 4) diversification des formes de privatisation et 5) école inclusive. Cette littérature a permis de mettre en perspective (à la fois en matière d’objets et de déplacements épistémologiques) les préoccupations présentes dans les numéros édités par la RSSE au cours des 20 dernières années dans le domaine des politiques éducatives.
Diversité et égalité en éducation (2000-2019) : évolutions, enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Moody Zoe , Valarino Isabel
Published: April 2021

Face à la diversité des publics de l’éducation, la thématique de l’égalité constitue un objet d’attention dans les recherches en éducation. La persistance des inégalités et le difficile équilibre à trouver entre prise en compte des besoins particuliers et non-discrimination sont au cœur des débats, pour tenter de mettre en lumière les défis théoriques et pratiques de la diversité dans l’éducation. Cette contribution propose une revue systématique du champ de recherche traitant des questions de diversité et d’égalité en éducation, tel qu’il se dessine dans la principale revue du domaine des sciences de l’éducation en Suisse, durant les vingt dernières années (2000-2019). Les évolutions, points de rupture et continuités sont mis en lumière de même que les thématiques transversales les plus prégnantes, à partir de la description des enjeux sur lesquels travaillent les chercheuses et chercheurs en sciences de l’éducation.
Reviewing the potential use of scaffold-mediated localized chemotherapy in oncology
Authors: Gupta Archana A , Kheur Supriya , Thirumal Raj A. , Badhe Ravindra V. , Bhonde Ramesh. R.
Published: April 2021

Post-surgical recurrence and metastasis remain to be the major concern in oncology. The absence of any therapeutic modality during the interim period between the surgical intervention and initiation of conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy allows the residual cancer cells to proliferate, culminating in recurrence and/or metastasis. Introducing a therapeutic modality during this interim period could suppress the proliferation of the residual tumor cells. Further, as the detrimental effects of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy drastically reduce the patient’s quality of life, use of therapeutic modality with localized effect can reduce the risk of systemic toxicity. Thus, the present manuscript reviews the potential use of scaffold-mediated local chemotherapy in oncology. Its localized effect would prevent systemic toxicity, while the scaffold serves as an ideal vehicle for the sustained targeted delivery of therapeutic agents.
Sistem Penentuan Penerima Shodaqo Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Wilarto Anjar Hero , Salamah Umniy
Published: April 2021

Pada umumnya pemberian shodaqa dapat dilakukan di Musholla, dan pada Musholla At-Taqwa proses pemberian shodaqo masih dilakukan dengan cara pendataan data diri dan penentuan penerima Shodaqo. Dalam melakukan pendataan, panitia dari shodaqo harus melakukan survey, atau calon penerima bisa mengisi data diri ke musholla. Aktivitas tersebut sangat menyita waktu dan tidak efektif, sehingga diperlukan sistem yang lebih efektif sebagai media dalam   menentukan   seseorang yang   layak   mendapatkan shodaqo serta  menguji  metode  SAW  (Simple  Additive  Weighting)  untuk  memberikan rekomendasi peserta yang layak  mendapatkan shodaqo. Ada beberapa kriteria yang diberikan oleh panitia untuk penerima shodaqo seperti data tempat usaha, data rumah, data pekerjaan, data inventaris, dan data penghasilan. Selanjutnya kriteria diolah menggunakan aplikasi yang dibangun menggunakan menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting. Hasil dari perangkingan diatas diperoleh V1 = 0.666 dan V2 = 1. Dan dengan data hasil perangkingan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa V2 yang berhak dalam menerima shodaqa karena telah sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan. Sistem ini terbukti dapat membantu proses penentuan penerima shodaqa berdasarkan data kriteria yang telah dipilih oleh user dan memudahkan pihak panitia. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat menjadi alat bantu untuk proses pengambilan keputusan dalam penentuan penerima shodaqo di Musholla At- Taqwa.
Initial Accuracy of Word-Referent Mappings Affects Word Learning
Authors: Choi Elaine
Published: April 2021

It was previously assumed that a correct, or accurate, initial association between a word and its referent  allows optimal language learning, since fewer cognitive resources are required. However, some studies have found that initially incorrect, or inaccurate, associations can cause adults to learn word-referent mappings significantly better, compared to initially accurate ones. The opposite effect was found in children, who typically learn better when a word-referent association is consistently accurate.Our research project further explores these findings. The study involves a cross-situational word-learning paradigm examining whether the correction of inaccurate initial word-referent associations benefits word learning. Eye fixation and pupil dilation data are used to determine initial mappings and cognitive load, respectively. In the familiarisation phase of the study, participants are presented with associations between made-up words and the images to which the words refer; initial accuracy is manipulated such that only half of the presented associations are correct. Then, in the learning phase, each word is presented with its correct referent. Finally, the accuracy of the learned word-referent mappings is tested.Our initial findings confirm that word learning benefits when adults are presented with initially inaccurate associations and subsequent corrections. We will discuss the theories behind these findings, as well as the implications for language learning. In the most recent phase of the project, we are determining whether pupil dilation is a good measure for increased cognitive load associated with word-referent inaccuracy.
Insect Herbivory on the Plant Rhinanthus minor over its Elevational Range in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Falk Lindsey
Published: April 2021

All species of plants and animals occur over a finite area of the Earth’s surface. This is referred to as the species range, and many species ranges have shifted or are predicted to shift with climate change. Scientific models have predicted how these shifts are expected to change and what proportion of the implicated species will go extinct in the process. Most models assume that climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall are solely responsible for these range shifts. However, we know that the success of a species is strongly influenced by both their positive and negative interactions with other species, such as competition, mutualism, predation and herbivory. But how these biotic factors affect species ranges is poorly understood. I am using a field experiment on a species in its native habitat to better understand these interactions.  My study took place in the Canadian Rocky Mountains on populations of the plant Yellow Rattle (Rhinanthus minor). I studied two transects, each with plant populations at low, mid and high elevations. Insect herbivory on plant populations was observed, as well as manipulated, via a pesticide treatment to reduce insect herbivory, and a clipping treatment to simulate natural insect herbivory. Understanding herbivory and herbivore-plant interactions over an elevational gradient may help give us a clearer idea of the complex relationship between the climatic and biotic factors that affect plant species ranges.
1. Why Did the Turtle Cross the Road?
Authors: Afzal Sukaina , Adurogbangba Ayooluwa , Arteaga Meghan , Borland Meghan , Byres Sara
Published: April 2021

Road ecology studies are beneficial for informing sustainable development plans. Our ecological focus lies in developing crossing structures at five sites in the Kingston area to enable safe turtle crossing during the breeding season from May-September. Locations have been selected based on previous evidence of animal casualties and the potential for culvert construction. The Kingston Society of Conservation Biology hopes to implement a solution, over the course of 3-5 years that has commenced with the installation of turtle crossing signs at all locations and will be completed once culverts are constructed. We will investigate the success of culvert development by other conservation groups in order to determine if this is a viable solution for the four sites being investigated in this study. Our group will propose adjustments to culvert construction and alternate, feasible solutions where conventional culvert development is expected to be ineffective in reducing turtle mortality. This study aims to ensure that culverts will be effective in increasing the safe transfer of turtles between wetland areas. Ultimately, we hope to propose a long-term sustainable solution that will decrease the effects of anthropogenic activities and urbanization on the Kingston turtle population.
8. Does Oxidative Stress Function as a Biomarker of Environmental Mercury Contamination in Double-Crested Cormorant?
Authors: Gibson Laura
Published: April 2021

Mercury is a widespread contaminant that has been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects in several animal species including changes in gene expression. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between environmental mercury exposure and oxidative stress induction in the blood of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Blood was sampled at five sites across Central and Southern Ontario ranging from low to high risk of mercury contamination and was analyzed for total mercury concentration. To assess cellular oxidative stress, the expression of glutathione peroxidases 1 and 3, glutathione S-transferase µ3, superoxide dismutase 1 and heat-shock protein 70 kd-8 were measured in whole blood samples. Preliminary results indicate that erythrocyte mercury concentrations ranged from 5.0 to 27.3 µg/g dry weight. Mean (± standard error) site-specific erythrocyte mercury concentrations ranged from 9.0 ± 3.6 µg/g dry weight in Lake Erie to 17.5 ± 4.2 µg/g dry weight in Lake Nipissing. Approximately 27% of the birds exceeded the threshold concentration for adverse effects in another piscivorous bird, the common loon (Gavia immer). Results of gene expression analysis will be discussed in relation to mercury concentration. Our study will help to develop an understanding of the interactions of environmental mercury exposure and oxidative stress-related gene expression and will contribute to the development of sub lethal biomarkers for mercury toxicity in wild aquatic piscivorous birds.
11. Mitigation of Wildlife Collision Mortality at Little Cataraqui Creek Wetland
Authors: Keenan Erin , Henderson Jeffy , Malo Lauren , Pedersen Diana
Published: April 2021

Our research team is concerned with potential reptile and amphibian road mortality through Little Cataraqui Creek wetland along Front Rd. and Bath Rd. in Kingston, Ontario. The coastal marsh is a provincially significant wetland that supports species of migrating and breeding waterfowl, wetland dependent reptiles and amphibians, and may support some of Ontario’s threatened turtle species. The coastal wetland also provides a protected nesting area for a migrating species within Lake Ontario. Specific species of turtles, salamanders and frogs will be investigated.  Our team will identify general breeding, nesting and migratory behavior patterns of associated wetland species, and establish potential indirect effects on the wetland ecosystem due to population decline. Traffic volume and speed limits of Front Rd. and Bath Rd. at Little Cataraqui Creek Wetland will be identified, and any current wildlife crossing systems in place will be evaluated. Based on this research, our team will establish the significance of wildlife road mortality within Little Cataraqui Creek Wetland at Front Rd. and Bath Rd., and propose suitable mitigation techniques. These techniques may include implementing structural design solutions such as road barriers, culverts, etc., as well as increasing public awareness of wildlife crossing on Bath Rd. and Front Rd. by proposing appropriate traffic laws in the area. Themes include wetland species breeding and nesting behavior, and urban/traffic development issues surrounding wetland ecosystems.
16. The Impacts of Road Salting on Wildlife in Kingston, Ontario
Authors: Murphy Liam , Primeau Courtney , Robinson Marissa , Rook Natalie
Published: April 2021

The cold icy winter climate of Kingston is dangerous for driving commuters and can be treacherous for pedestrians. To prevent slippery conditions, roads are often salted using a basic sodium chloride mixture which has been shown in many studies to be detrimental to wildlife. Generally, policy makers and governing bodies have fought harder to ensure the safety of human lives over those of plants and animals – decisions that have caused road salting to continue for many years. We believe that the harmful impacts on the environment are numerous and should no longer be overlooked by the decision makers. In response to this problem, we are confident that there are solutions that can be implemented which can protect the livelihood of humans in the winter and reduce the negative impacts that are being forced on the environment. For example, using environmentally friendly alternatives such as sand and EcoTraction may have significant impacts on the conservation of wildlife throughout Eastern Ontario.
Analisis nutrien campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok yang difermentasi dengan mikroba multikultur (Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp., dan Cellulomonas sp.)
Authors: Nur Edi Didik , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: April 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kandungan nutrien campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan mikroba multikultur (Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp., dan Cellulomonas sp). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan dengan dua perlakuan yaitu BISTO (campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok sebelum fermentasi) dan FBISTO (campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok setelah fermentasi). Fermentasi dilakukan dengan campuran inokulum Bacillus sp. (2,56 x 109 CFU/ml), Trichoderma sp. (1,25 x 107 CFU/ml), dan Cellulomonas sp. (2,80 x 106 CFU/ml) dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 dengan waktu fermentasi selama enam hari. Masing-masing tiga sampel BISTO dan FBISTO dikomposit dan dilakukan analisis kandungan nutrien. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan kandungan nutrien sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fermentasi menggunakan mikroba multikultur dapat menurunkan bahan organik, lemak kasar, dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen. Disisi lain, terjadi peningkatan kandungan protein kasar, protein terlarut, serat kasar, gula reduksi, abu, kalsium, fosfor, neutral detergent fiber, dan acid detergent fiber setelah fermentasi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah fermentasi campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok dengan mikroba multikultur dapat meningkatkan kandungan protein akan tetapi tidak efektif untuk menurunkan komponen serat.
Kandungan nutrien kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca) yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing
Authors: Theresia Sa'o Maria , Anggarini Yuniwaty Foenay Tri , Nur Indah Koni Theresia
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji perubahan nutrien tepung kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca) yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Keempat perlakuan yang diterapkan antara lain P0: tepung kulit pisang kepok + 0% cairan rumen kambing (kontrol), P1: tepung kulit pisang kepok + 30% cairan rumen kambing, P2: tepung kulit pisang kepok + 40% cairan rumen kambing, P3: tepung kulit pisang kepok + 50% cairan rumen kambing. Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan cairan rumen kambing menyebabkan perubahan (P<0,05) kandungan nutrien tepung kulit pisang kepok fermentasi. Penggunaan 50% cairan rumen kambing dapat meningkatkan kandungan lemak kasar dan protein kasar, namun menurunkan kandungan bahan kering dan serat kasar tepung kulit pisang kepok.
Identifikasi Keragaman Jenis Parasit Cacing pada Ternak Ayam Kampung di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Budi Kusuma Satria , Nusantoro Suluh , Awaludin Aan , Junaidi Yendri , Lusyta Aulyani Tutik
Published: April 2021

Parasit cacing (Helminth) merupakan kendala kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan investasi parasit sering dijumpai pada ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman parasit cacing yang terdapat pada ayam kampung di Kabupaten Jember. Prosedur pengambilan sampel ekskreta ayam kampung dilakukan secara acak. Sampel ekskreta yang diambil sebanyak 150 sampel di Kabupaten Jember. Identifikasi keragaman spesies cacing dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan telur cacing pada sampel ekskreta dengan metode sedimentasi yang dilakukan di BBVet (Balai Besar Veteriner) Wates, Yogyakarta. Parasit cacing yang teridentifikasi pada sampel ekskreta ayam kampung merupakan cacing dari kelas Nematoda yang terdiri dari Capillaria sp. (24,67%); Heterakis sp. (10,67%); Strongyloides sp. (3,33%); dan Ascaridia sp. (2,67%).
The use of nanoencapsulation god’s crown (Phaleria macrocarpa) fruits extract in drinking water on growth performance in broiler chickens
Authors: Ningsih Niati , Ariyadi Bambang , Zuprizal Zuprizal
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of nanoencapsulation of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (NEPM) in drinking water and the effect on broiler growth performance. A total number of 200 male broiler chicks, aged eight days old, were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replicates (10 birds in each replicate). The experimental treatments consisted of the basal diet (P0; negative control), and basal diet with antibiotic tetracycline supplementation (P1; positive control), and basal diets with 2.5% of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extract (P2), 2.5% NEPM (P3), or 5.0% NEPM (P4). The basal diet was based on yellow corn and soybean meal that contains 20.44% crude protein, 2917.47 kcal/kg metabolizable energy, 0.84% Calcium, and 0.51% available Phosphorus. The diets and drinking water was supplied for ad libitum consumption. Parameters evaluated in the current study were growth performance (feed consumption and conversation, body weight gain, water consumption, slaughter and carcass weight, and carcass percentage), Data were analyzed using analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. Orthogonal contrast tests were used to separate data with a significant difference. Results showed that supplementation of NEPM in the drinking water did not affect growth performance of broiler chicken.
Koksidiosis pada sapi perah di Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur – Indonesia
Authors: Muhamad Nur , Awaludin Aan , Ratna Nugraheni Yudhi
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian koksidiosis pada ternak sapi perah di Kabupaten Jember. Sebanyak 75 sampel diperoleh dari sapi perah Friesian Holstein berjenis kelamin betina dengan umur yang bervariasi. Bahan yang digunakan berupa sampel feses, garam jenuh (Natrium Clorida jenuh), dan akuades. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik Mc. Master dan Whitlock untuk menghitung oosista per gram tinja (OPG) yang ditemukan dalam sampel untuk mengetahui derajat keparahan koksidiosis. Sampel feses diambil langsung dari rektum ternak sapi perah atau diambil dari lantai kandang apabila sapi perah baru saja mengeluarkan feses (feses segar). Sampel feses yang diambil untuk setiap sapi perah adalah 10 gram feses. Identifikasi oosista Eimeria spp. dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode apung atau flotation method. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan prevalensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi koksidiosis di Kabupaten Jember mencapai 20% dengan derajat infeksi kategori ringan.
Estimativa de temperatura base e filocrono em quinoa
Authors: Munareto Janete Denardi , Medeiros Sandro Petter , Menegaes Janine Farias , Nunes Ubirajara Russi
Published: April 2021

Os modelos de simulação do desenvolvimento vegetal utilizam o intervalo de tempo entre a emissão de duas folhas consecutivas na haste principal para a alocação do aparato foliar. Esse intervalo é denominado de filocrono e representa a soma térmica acumulada a partir da temperatura base. Com o propósito de aportar informações agronômicas pertinentes às exigências térmicas da cultura da quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), o objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a temperatura base (Tb) e determinar o filocrono do genótipo Q13-31. O experimento foi realizado em Santa Maria, RS, em datas de semeadura: 01/12/2016, 19/01/2017, 01/04/2017, 01/05/2017, 07/10/2017, 09/11/2017, 07/12/2017 e 02/01/2018. As plantas foram cultivadas em canteiros, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo as parcelas constituídas por quatro linhas de um metro em três repetições. A soma térmica diária foi calculada a partir da data da emissão do primeiro ao quinto par de folhas e, o filocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão entre número de folhas e soma térmica acumulada. A contagem do número de folhas foi realizada, a cada três dias, até a emissão do quinto par de folhas na haste principal e a temperatura base foi estimada usando o método da menor variabilidade e pela combinação dos métodos de desenvolvimento relativo e de regressão linear. Para o genótipo Q13-31de quinoa, o valor do filocrono é 28º C dia folha-1 enquanto que a temperatura base (Tb) para a emissão de folhas é de 7º C.
Potensi Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma longa) Terhadap Kadar Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) pada Tikus Model Penyakit Jantung Koroner
Authors: Dharmaputra Gde Arisetyawan , Veronica Elvina , Driansha Cindy Liora , Satyarsa Agung Bagus Sista , Dewi Ni Wayan Sucindra
Published: April 2021

Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler akibat penyempitan pembuluh darah koroner yang menyebabkan iskemia miokard, sehingga mengakibatkan apoptosis sel. Kunyit mengandung senyawa yang berperan sebagai anti inflamasi, seperti kurkumin.  Tujuan: Menentukan pengaruh kandungan kurkumin pada kunyit (Curcuma longa) terhadap kadar Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA). Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah rancangan post-test only control group dengan menggunakan tikus wistar jantan sebanyak 30 ekor yang terbagi ke dalam 5 kelompok yaitu, kelompok 1 kontrol negatif, kelompok 2 kontrol positif, kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3. Kelompok perlakuan masing-masing mendapatkan ekstrak kunyit dengan variasi dosis 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kgBB. Pemeriksaan kadar IMA dalam serum darah menggunakan teknik ELISA. Data dianalisis dengan uji One-Way Anova. Hasil: Kadar IMA pada masing masing kelompok adalah kelompok 1 kontrol negative = 300,471 ng/mL, kelompok 2 kontrol positif = 333,357 ng/mL, kelompok perlakukan 1 dosis 50mg/kg = 232,317 ng/mL, kelompok perlakukan 2 dosis 100 mg/kgBB = 173,385 ng/mL, dan kelompok perlakuan 3 dosis 200 mg/kgBB =  217,358 ng/mL. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar IMA antara semua kelompok penelitian, yakni kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, maupun kelompok perlakuan (p>0,05). Berdasarkan Independent  t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar IMA antara kelompok perlakuan ekstrak kunyit 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB dengan kelompok kontrol positif. Simpulan: Ekstrak kunyit berpengaruh terhadap kadar IMA.Kata kunci: IMA, kunyit, kurkumin
Gambaran Karakteristik Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Risiko Covid-19 Dalam Kerangka Desa Adat di Desa Gulingan, Mengwi, Bali
Authors: Diva Putra Agus Indra Yudhistira , Pratiwi Made Sindy Astri , Yani Made Violin Weda , Gunawan Gufran Rizaldy Danang , Ganesha Ghaniy Muhammad , Evelyn Aminawati Agnes Maria Aprilia , Aryana I Putu Gede Dharma Wibhawa , Suryawati I Gusti Agung Alit
Published: April 2021

Desa Gulingan adalah salah satu desa adat di Kecamatan Mengwi yang merupakan peringkat pertama kecamatan dengan kasus tertinggi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Badung sangat berpeluang mengalami peningkatan kasus akibat transmisi lokal. Berdasarkan hal tersebut hingga saat ini belum terdapat hasil deskriptif yang mengkaji pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku masyarakat Desa Gulingan dengan sistem sosial kemasyarakatannya yang berbasis budaya dalam kerangka desa adat. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran tentang pengetahuan, perilaku, perilaku beresiko Covid-19 pada masyarakat Desa Gulingan dalam kerangka desa adat. Metode: Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 144 sampel. Hasil kuesioner disajikan dalam bentuk numerik dan kategorik dan selanjutnya dilakukan proses analisis secara univariat dalam variabel. Hasil: Responden penelitian didominasi oleh laki-laki (55,3%), berstatus pendidikan SMA/sederajat (62,3%), status pekerjaan terbanyak adalah pegawai swasta (42,1%), sampel terbanyak diperoleh dari Banjar Angkeb Canging (20, 2%). Hasil kuesioner yang berpengetahuan baik (51,8%) berperilaku baik (66,7%), dan terbukti/berpraktik baik (56,1%) dalam pencegahan Covid-19. Simpulan: Pengetahuan, perilaku, dan sikap pada masyarakat Desa Gulingan yang baik dalam pencegahan virus corona dengan menerapkan kearifan lokal yakni dalam kerangka desa adat di Bali.Kata kunci: covid-19, desa Gulingan, pengetahuan, perilaku, sikap