bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MnO Stabilized in Carbon‐Veiled Multivariate Manganese Oxides as High‐Performance Cathode Material for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Wanwei , Shi Haiting , Xu Xijun , Shen Jiadong , Xu Zhiwei , Hu Renzong
Published: October 2020

Aqueous Zn‐ion battery has emerged as one of the most prospective energy storage devices due to its low cost, high safety, and eco‐friendliness. However, Zn‐ion batteries are bottlenecked by significant capacity fading during long‐term cycling and poor performance at high current rates. Here, we report an available cooperation of multivariate manganese oxides@carbon hybrids (MnO2/MnO@C and MnO2/Mn3O4@C) via a plasma‐assisted design as an attractive Zn‐ion cathode. Among them, the MnO2/MnO@C cathode exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 165 mAh g−1 over 200 cycles at a high rate of 0.5 A g−1, and possesses great rate performance with high capacities of 110 and 100 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 0.8 and 1 A g−1, respectively. The good cathode performance significantly results from the facile charge transfer and ions (Zn2+ and H+) insertion in the manganese oxides/carbon hybrids featuring phase stability behavior in the available cooperation of multivalence and carbon conductive substrates. This work will promote the Zn‐manganese dioxide system for the design of low‐cost and high‐performance aqueous rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries.
Mechanical circulatory support does not reduce advanced myocardial fibrosis in patients with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Kassner Astrid , Oezpeker Cenk , Gummert Jan , Zittermann Armin , Gärtner Anna , Tiesmeier Jens , Fox Henrik , Morshuis Michiel , Milting Hendrik
Published: October 2020

Aims

Mechanical unloading by ventricular assist devices (VADs) has become increasingly important for the therapy of end‐stage heart failure during the last decade. However, VAD support was claimed to be associated with partial reverse remodelling. Unfortunately, the literature describes the contradictory effects of VAD systems on cardiac fibrosis, a hallmark of cardiac remodelling. To clarify these inconsistent results, the effects on cardiac fibrosis before and after mechanical unloading in 125 patients were examined.

Methods and results

Left ventricular myocardial tissue from ischaemic or non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing VAD implantation and subsequent cardiac transplantation and non‐failing hearts of the control group were analysed for 4‐hydroxyproline (4OH‐P) content as a marker for collagen protein. In addition, collagen cross‐linking and mRNAs of collagens I and III and transforming growth factor beta‐1 were measured. 4OH‐P content was significantly increased in failing hearts compared with the control group and increased (P < 0.05) after mechanical unloading (nmol/mg tissue, mean ± standard deviation: 16.74 ± 9.68 vs. 7.75 ± 2.39 and 18.57 ± 9.19). However, plotting of the 4OH‐P ratios (post/pre‐VAD) against the collagen content pre‐VAD could be fitted by non‐linear regression. Collagen cross‐linking correlated strongly with the total collagen content in pre‐ and post‐VAD myocardium (r2 = 0.73 and 0.71, respectively). In contrast to the total collagen content, all three mRNAs of fibrotic genes were significantly down‐regulated during VAD support when compared to pre‐VAD.

Conclusions

This investigation of a comparably large patient cohort revealed that cardiac fibrosis was strongly increased in heart failure and increased even after mechanical unloading. The mRNAs of collagens I and III are independently regulated from the collagen protein.
Effectiveness of Protective Preparations: Impact of Vegetable Oil Additives to Recipes
Authors: Kulawik‐Pióro Agnieszka , Klimaszewska Emilia , Ogorzałek Marta , Ruman Justyna , Rożnawska Klaudia
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the effect of the addition of vegetable oils rich in EFA on the effectiveness of hydrophobic skin protection preparations intended for work in the wet environment. The research hypothesis assumes that the increase in the concentration of vegetable oils in the formula of protective preparations improves their spreadability on the skin, thus translating into acceptance of the preparations by users, improving their quality of life, strengthening the barrier functions of the skin without reducing the effectiveness of the protective action. The distribution capacity of pure vegetable oils is determined using instrumental analysis and sensory analysis. Also, TEWL tests are used to evaluate their occlusal properties. For protective preparations based on them, the distribution capacity is tested by in vitro methods as well as in vivo tests and sensory analyses are performed. The effectiveness of the tested preparations is measured by tests concerning absorbability, occlusion capacity and washability. The results are analyzed and compared, and a correlation matrix is developed to establish the relationship between sensory and instrumental measurements. The effectiveness of the preparations depends on the type of oil (its spreadability and viscosity) and the amount in the formulation.

Practical Applications: For hydrophobic preparations of ointment type, there is a possibility to implement such instrumental techniques as: determination of preparation consistency by means of a cone, ability to distribute by means of parallel plates, but also determination of preparation viscosity by rheological methods. Viscosity, spreading ability, and oil occlusion ability are the most important parameters that should be taken into account when we design hydrophobic skin protection preparations intended for the works in the wet environment.
Morphodynamic research challenges for braided river environments: Lessons from the iconic case of New Zealand
Authors: Hicks D.M. , Baynes E.R.C. , Measures R. , Stecca G. , Tunnicliffe J. , Friedrich H.
Published: October 2020

Pressures on braided river systems in New Zealand are increasing due to anthropogenic stresses such as demand for irrigation water, braidplain conversion to farmland and invasive vegetation, as well as extreme natural events associated with earthquakes and climate change. These pressures create issues around preserving braided river physical environments and associated ecosystems, and managing hazards such as floods, aggradation and erosion. A need for more robust understanding and quantification of braided river morphodynamic processes underpins many of these issues. Here, we present eight morphodynamic research challenges to service this need. The first four research challenges relate to managing aggradation‐related flooding hazards; the last four address issues stem largely from recent dairy expansion, which has created huge pressure to take land and irrigation water from the alp‐fed braided rivers and to alter flow regimes at their mouths. Hāpua, the freshwater lagoons found where most braided rivers meet the coast, show complex morphodynamic behaviour in response to the interplay of river and coastal processes, and their special ecosystems are sensitive to river flow and sediment load changes. We discuss how physical laboratory experiments and novel numerical modelling can help to understand the morphological processes braided rivers undergo, and we show how those research advances could inform planning and legal decisions to regulate land rights and irrigation water allocation on New Zealand's braidplains. We illustrate these environmental and engineering issues and research challenges with examples from the Kowhai, Waiho, Waiau, Rangitata and Hurunui Rivers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution fjord sediment record of a receding glacier with growing intermediate proglacial lake (Steffen Fjord, Chilean Patagonia)
Authors: Piret Loic , Bertrand Sebastien , Hawkings Jon , Kylander Malin E. , Torrejón Fernando , Amann Benjamin , Wadham Jemma
Published: October 2020

Proglacial lakes are effective sediment traps but their impact on the reliability of downstream sediment records to reconstruct glacier variability remains unclear. Here, we investigate the sedimentary signature of the recent recession of Steffen Glacier (Chilean Patagonia, 47°S) in downstream fjord sediments, with a focus on identifying the trapping (decreased downstream sediment yield) and filtering (removal of coarse particles) effectiveness of a growing intermediate proglacial lake. Four sediment cores were collected along a 14 km longitudinal transect in Steffen Fjord and the sediment physical and chemical properties were compared with aerial imagery at high temporal resolution. The caesium‐137 (137Cs) chronology of the most distal core and sediment trap data suggest that sediment accumulation in the fjord remained relatively stable through time, despite the accelerating glacier recession and the growth of Steffen proglacial lake. This is in contrast with many studies that indicate a decrease in sediment yield during proglacial lake expansion. It implies that the increase in sediment export due to accelerating meltwater production may be balanced by the sediment trapping effect of the growing proglacial lake. The fjord sediments show a slight fining upward accompanied by a marked decrease in flood‐induced grain‐size peaks, most likely due to the increasing filtering and dampening effect of the expanding proglacial lake. Our findings show that the filtering effect of the proglacial lake reached a threshold in 1985, when the lake attained an area of 2.02 km2. The additional 5 km of glacier recession during the following 32 years did not have any significant impact on downstream sedimentation. This study confirms that proglacial lakes act as sediment traps but it indicates that (1) the trapping effect can be outpaced by accelerating glacier recession and (2) the filtering effect becomes stable once the lake attains a certain critical size. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogeomorphology, quo vadis? On processes, time, and space in biogeomorphology
Authors: Larsen A. , Nardin W. , van de Lageweg W.I. , Bätz N.
Published: October 2020

Biogeomorphology has been expanding as a discipline, due to increased recognition of the role that biology can play in geomorphic processes, as well as due to our increasing capacity to measure and quantify feedback between biological and geomorphological systems. Here, we provide an overview of the growth and status of biogeomorphology. This overview also provides the context for introducing this special issue on biogeomorphology, and specifically examines the thematic domains of biogeomorphological research, methods used, open questions and conundrums, problems encountered, future research directions, and practical applications in management and policy (e.g. nature‐based solutions). We find that whilst biogeomorphological studies have a long history, there remain many new and surprising biogeomorphic processes and feedbacks that are only now being identified and quantified. Based on the current state of knowledge, we suggest that linking ecological and geomorphic processes across different spatio‐temporal scales emerges as the main research challenge in biogeomorphology, as well as the translation of biogeomorphic knowledge into management approaches to environmental systems. We recommend that future biogeomorphic studies should help to contextualize environmental feedbacks by including the spatio‐temporal scales relevant to the organism(s) under investigation, using knowledge of their ecology and size (or metabolic rate). Furthermore, in order to sufficiently understand the ‘engineering’ capacity of organisms, we recommend studying at least the time period bounded by two disturbance events, and recommend to also investigate the geomorphic work done during disturbance events, in order to put estimates of engineering capacity of biota into a wider perspective. Finally, the future seems bright, as increasingly inter‐disciplinary and longer‐term monitoring are coming to fruition, and we can expect important advances in process understanding across scales and better‐informed modelling efforts. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Characteristics on the oxidation stability of infant formula powder with different ingredients during storage
Authors: Wang Weijun , Li Yanhua , Cai Liqin , Fang Luping
Published: October 2020

Infant formula powder is prone to oxidation reaction during storage, which leads to the decrease of milk powder quality. The whole milk powder (WMP) was formulated, and the characteristics of infant formula powder were tracked during storage. The addition of metal ions, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins could reduce the peroxide value and increase the thiobarbituric acid value in the infant formula powder during the early stage of storage. When the samples were stored for 6 months, the free fat content of the base milk powder and the sample added with metal ions had high level (3.3%–3.6%). With adding vitamins, the content of free fat in the samples decreased first and then increased. The color value L of all the samples decreased during storage. Compared with WMP, the color value B of all the infant formula powder with different ingredients decreased. Levels of 2‐heptanone and 2‐nonaone indicated that the formation of the main methyl ketones in the infant formula powder with different ingredients decreased. The content of hexanal in the sample added metal ions was the highest. The type and intensity of free radicals changed with the formula components. The range of g value was 2.0043–2.0060 after 6 months of storage and 2.0017–2.1338 after 12 months of storage, respectively. The index of peroxide value and color value B were significantly related to the existence of free radicals in the infant formula powder with different ingredients.
JEM: A joint test to estimate the effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation
Authors: Sarnowski Chloé , Huan Tianxiao , Jain Deepti , Liu Chunyu , Yao Chen , Joehanes Roby , Levy Daniel , Dupuis Josée
Published: October 2020

Multiple methods have been proposed to aggregate genetic variants in a gene or a region and jointly test their association with a trait of interest. However, these joint tests do not provide estimates of the individual effect of each variant. Moreover, few methods have evaluated the joint association of multiple variants with DNA methylation. We propose a method based on linear mixed models to estimate the joint and individual effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation leveraging genomic annotations. Our approach is flexible, can incorporate covariates and annotation features, and takes into account relatedness and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Our method had correct Type‐I error and overall high power for different simulated scenarios where we varied the number and specificity of functional annotations, number of causal and total genetic variants, frequency of genetic variants, LD, and genetic variant effect. Our method outperformed the family Sequence Kernel Association Test and had more stable estimations of effects than a classical single‐variant linear mixed‐effect model. Applied genome‐wide to the Framingham Heart Study data, our method identified 921 DNA methylation sites influenced by at least one rare or low‐frequency genetic variant located within 50 kilobases (kb) of the DNA methylation site.
The impact of mental and physical multimorbidity on healthcare utilization and health spending in China: A nationwide longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Puhong , Oldenburg Brian , Hall Teresa , Lu Shurong , Haregu Tilahun Nigatu , He Li
Published: October 2020

Background

In China, little evidence exists on the effect of mental and physical multimorbidity on individuals and the health system. This study aims to examine the prevalence of mental–physical multimorbidity and its impact on health service utilization and health expenditures.

Methods

We conducted a panel study using two waves of data (in 2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 10,181 participants aged 45 years and older. Generalized linear regression models were used to assess the association of multimorbidity with total health expenditure and out‐of‐pocket expenditure (OOPE) on outpatient and inpatient care. Random‐effects logistic regression models were used to examine the impact of multimorbidity on outpatient visits, admission to hospital and incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE).

Results

Overall, 3210 participants (31.53% of 10,181) had mental–physical multimorbidity in 2015 in China. Compared to patients with a single physical disease, individuals with physical‐mental multimorbidity had over 150% of the increase in the number of outpatient visits and days of hospitalization. The percentage change of OOPE for outpatient and inpatient care was 156.8% and 163.6%, respectively. Mental–physical multimorbidity was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing CHE (OR = 2.205, 95% CI = 2.048, 2.051).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity, particularly mental–physical multimorbidity, is associated with higher levels of health service use and a greater financial burden to individuals in China. Healthcare system needs to shift from single‐disease models to new financing and service delivery models to more effectively manage mental–physical multimorbidity.
Improving Medication‐Related Outcomes in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Hayward Kelly L. , Weersink Rianne A.
Published: October 2020

Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are becoming increasingly complex due to the rising prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Medications are often essential to manage the underlying liver disease, complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and comorbidities. However, medication‐related problems (MRPs) have been associated with adverse patient outcomes, including hospitalization and mortality. Factors that can contribute to MRPs in people with CLD are variable and often entwined. This narrative literature review discusses key barriers and opportunities to modify risk factors and improve medication‐related outcomes for people with CLD.
Adherence to Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics Is Associated With Reduced Odds of Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: DeCoste Leah R. , Wang Na , Palmisano Joseph N. , Mendez Jean , Hoffmann Udo , Benjamin Emelia J. , Long Michelle T.
Published: October 2020

The American Heart Association (AHA) introduced Life’s Simple 7 as a metric to define ideal cardiovascular health. We examined the association between cardiovascular health score (CHS) and prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Framingham Heart Study participants with varying genetic risk of NAFLD. Framingham Heart Study participants who underwent abdominal computed tomography scans were included (n = 2,773). We defined hepatic steatosis as the mean Hounsfield unit attenuation of the liver compared to a phantom control. We calculated CHS based on adherence to metrics from the AHA’s Life’s Simple 7 guidelines, including blood sugar, total cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), time spent on physical activity per week, and smoking status. We used multivariable-adjusted regression models to evaluate the association between CHS and hepatic steatosis, accounting for covariates and stratifying by NAFLD genetic risk. Overall, 12% of the sample achieved 0-1 goals and 25%, 27%, 21%, 13%, and 2.6% achieved 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 goals, respectively. For each 1-unit increase in CHS, there was a decrease in the odds ratio (OR) of prevalent hepatic steatosis (OR, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.59). Individually, BMI had the strongest association with NAFLD. Participants with high or intermediate genetic risk of NAFLD demonstrated higher relative decreases in hepatic steatosis with increased CHS compared to those at low genetic risk. Conclusion: Adhering to the AHA Life’s Simple 7 metrics was associated with reduced odds of prevalent NAFLD, particularly for those at high genetic risk. Additional longitudinal studies are needed.

The American Heart Association (AHA) introduced Life's Simple 7 as a metric to define ideal cardiovascular health. We examined the association between cardiovascular health score (CHS) and prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Framingham Heart Study participants with varying genetic risk of NAFLD. Adhering to the AHA Life's Simple 7 metrics was associated with reduced odds of prevalent NAFLD, particularly for those at high genetic risk.
Adult neurogenesis alters response to an aversive distractor in a labyrinth maze without affecting spatial learning or memory
Authors: Schoenfeld Timothy J. , Smith Jesse A. , Sonti Anup N. , Cameron Heather A.
Published: October 2020

Adult neurogenesis has been implicated in learning and memory of complex spatial environments. However, new neurons also play a role in nonmnemonic behavior, including the stress response and attention shifting. Many commonly used spatial tasks are very simple, and unsuitable for detecting neurogenesis effects, or are aversively motivated, making it difficult to dissociate effects on spatial learning and memory from effects on stress. We have therefore created a novel complex spatial environment, the flex maze, to enable reward‐mediated testing of spatial learning in a flexibly configurable labyrinth. Using a pharmacogenetic method to completely inhibit neurogenesis in adulthood, we found that rats lacking new neurons (TK rats) and wild type controls completed and remembered most mazes equally well. However, control rats were slower to complete peppermint‐scented mazes than other mazes, while neurogenesis‐deficient rats showed no effect of mint on maze behavior, completing these mazes significantly faster than control rats. Additional testing found that wild type and TK rats showed similar detection of, avoidance of, and glucocorticoid response to the mint odor. These results suggest that spatial learning and memory in a labyrinth task is unaffected by the loss of new neurons, but that these cells affect the ability of an aversive stimulus to distract rats from completing the maze.
Demyelinating brain lesions developing in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia shortly after treatment with a fludarabine containing regimen
Authors: Kreiniz Natalia , Garty‐Ofir Maya , Bejar Jacob , Polliack Aaron , Tadmor Tamar
Published: October 2020

Autoimmune manifestations are known to occur in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and of these hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia are the most well recognized. Autoimmunity may also be triggered by some of the therapeutic agents used like purine analoges and these events may sometimes be severe and even fatal. Non‐hematological autoimmune stigmata occur far less frequently and are rarely encountered. Here we report a 59 year‐old‐woman, with CLL, who complained of recurrent headache starting 1 month after completing 6 cycles of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab combination therapy. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed a contrast enhancing lesion of 1 cm in diameter, with surrounding edema in the right frontal lobe. Brain MRI revealed ring enhancing lesions in the right frontal lobe and some additional small lesions in the left parietal lobe. Brain biopsy showed an inflammatory demyelinating lesion, not associated with JC virus. The patient subsequently improved after steroid therapy. Currently, after 2 years of follow‐up, she remains in complete hematologic remission, has no neurological deficits, and is carefully followed by a team of neurologists and hematologists. Treating physicians should be aware of this rare autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating lesion which can occur in patients with CLL during the course of treatment and that may be linked to treatment with purine analogues like fludarabine.
Identifying non‐stationary and long‐term river–aquifer interactions as a response to large climatic patterns and anthropogenic pressures using wavelet analysis (Mancha Oriental Aquifer, Spain)
Authors: Dountcheva Iordanka , Sanz David , Cassiraga Eduardo , Galabov Vassil , Gómez‐Alday Juan José
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to analyse periodicities and the long‐term variability of monthly Júcar River–Mancha Oriental Aquifer interactions (RAI) and regionally measured precipitation (PP) with special focus on the correlations between these local hydrological variables and the large climatic patterns governing the Iberian Peninsula, represented by their teleconnection indices – the North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAOi) and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation index (WeMOi). To that end, wavelet analysis has been applied since it not only provides insight into the time‐series dynamics but also permits statistical interpretation and correlation analysis. As a result, several periodicities have been detected: intermittent semi‐annual periodicity in PP and the NAOi and annual periodicity in the RAI, NAOi and WeMOi time series. Long cycles (approximately 14 years) are also observed in the PP and WeMOi time series. The cross‐wavelet spectra show a correlation between the RAI and the rest of the variables on the semi‐annual and the annual scales, while wavelet coherence detects common behaviour with longer cycles – 5–6 years between the NAOi and the RAI and cycles of both 1–5 years and 7–10 years between PP and the RAI. Furthermore, results show that the periodicities in the teleconnection indices and precipitation propagate into the RAI with certain lead times: 3 months between the RAI and PP and 6 months between the RAI and the NAOi. The results indicate that the detected periodicities and the coherence between the studied variables could have applications in strategic planning on a river basin scale, taking into account the propagation times and the frequency scale. This methodological approach can be applied into strategic water resource planning independently of the geographical location of the hydrogeological system, the basin size and the climate region.
Myeloid tumor necrosis factor and heme oxygenase‐1 regulate the progression of colorectal liver metastases during hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion
Authors: Germanova Desislava , Keirsse Jiri , Köhler Arnaud , Hastir Jean‐François , Demetter Peter , Delbauve Sandrine , Elkrim Yvon , Verset Laurine , Larbanoix Lionel , Preyat Nicolas , Laurent Sophie , Nedospasov Sergei , Donckier Vincent , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Flamand Véronique
Published: October 2020

The liver ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury that occurs consequently to hepatic resection performed in patients with metastases can lead to tumor relapse for not fully understood reasons. We assessed the effects of liver IR on tumor growth and the innate immune response in a mouse model of colorectal (CR) liver metastasis. Mice subjected to liver ischemia 2 days after intrasplenic injection of CR carcinoma cells displayed a higher metastatic load in the liver, correlating with Kupffer cells (KC) death through the activation of receptor‐interating protein 3 kinase (RIPK3) and caspase‐1 and a recruitment of monocytes. Interestingly, the immunoregulatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) were strongly upregulated in recruited monocytes and were also expressed in the surviving KC following IR. Using TNFflox/flox LysMcre/wt mice, we showed that TNF deficiency in macrophages and monocytes favors tumor progression after IR. The antitumor effect of myeloid cell‐derived TNF involved direct tumor cell apoptosis and a reduced expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin (IL)‐10, inducible nitric oxyde synthase (iNOS), IL‐33 and HO‐1. Conversely, a monocyte/macrophage‐specific deficiency in HO‐1 (HO‐1flox/flox LysMcre/wt) or the blockade of HO‐1 function led to the control of tumor progression post‐liver IR. Importantly, host cell RIPK3 deficiency maintains the KC number upon IR, inhibits the IR‐induced innate cell recruitment, increases the TNF level, decreases the HO‐1 level and suppresses the tumor outgrowth. In conclusion, tumor recurrence in host undergoing liver IR is associated with the death of antitumoral KC and the recruitment of monocytes endowed with immunosuppressive properties. In both of which HO‐1 inhibition would reinforce their antitumoral activity.
A three‐dimensional asymmetric power HEAVY model
Authors: Yfanti Stavroula , Chortareas Georgios , Karanasos Menelaos , Noikokyris Emmanouil
Published: October 2020

This article proposes the three‐dimensional HEAVY system of daily, intra‐daily, and range‐based volatility equations. We augment the bivariate model with a third volatility metric, the Garman–Klass estimator, and enrich the trivariate system with power transformations and asymmetries. Most importantly, we derive the theoretical properties of the multivariate asymmetric power model and explore its finite‐sample performance through a simulation experiment on the size and power properties of the diagnostic tests employed. Our empirical application shows that all three power transformed conditional variances are found to be significantly affected by the powers of squared returns, realized measure, and range‐based volatility as well. We demonstrate that the augmentation of the HEAVY framework with the range‐based volatility estimator, leverage and power effects improves remarkably its forecasting accuracy. Finally, our results reveal interesting insights for investments, market risk measurement, and policymaking.
Momentary task‐values and expectations predict engagement in science among Finnish and Chilean secondary school students
Authors: Salmela‐Aro Katariina , Upadyaya Katja , Cumsille Patricio , Lavonen Jari , Avalos Beatrice , Eccles Jacquelynne
Published: October 2020

While expectancy‐value‐cost theory predicts that students' task values play an important part in academic engagement, these associations have rarely been tested in science education and are even less studied in authentic classroom situations. The present study examined to what extent momentary task‐values, expectations and costs are associated with students' momentary academic engagement in science classes. Momentary academic engagement was operationalised as energy (give up), dedication (grit) and absorption (flow) components of engagement. Finnish (N = 5891 beeps, 307 students) and Chilean (N = 1931 beeps, 157 students) secondary school students participated in the study using Experience Sampling Method via smartphones. When signalled, students responded to questions via smartphones concerning their momentary task values, expectations, costs and components of engagement in the current activity. The research questions were analysed with multilevel path modelling. The results showed that, for both samples task‐values, expectations and costs were related to energy, dedication and absorption components of engagement in science classes. High momentary task‐values were positively associated with momentary flow and grit; high momentary expectations were positively associated with high grit and low giving up in both samples; and high momentary challenge showed as increases in feelings of giving up.
Partial nephrectomy for a Bosniak IV cystic renal mass mimicking a simple renal cyst adjacent to a solid renal tumor
Authors: Oka Toshiki , Hatano Koji , Okuda Yohei , Asakura Toshihisa , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Kakimoto Ken‐ichi , Kubo Chiaki , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi , Nishimura Kazuo
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Renal tumors are often associated with renal cysts. Meanwhile, in some cases there are challenging issues of how to diagnose renal cystic tumors and to decide surgical procedures.

Case presentation

A 75‐year‐old man was referred to our department for a 21‐mm tumor by his left kidney. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed an intense contrast uptake the tumor, which was adjacent to a 64‐mm unilocular renal cyst with no contrasting effects. It was clinically diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma, stage T1aN0M0, and treated with robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy, for both the solid tumor and the adjacent cyst. Pathological findings revealed a tumor cell clump within the cyst wall, concurrent with the renal cell carcinoma. The patient has remained free of disease at 1 year after surgery.

Conclusion

A partial nephrectomy that includes the entire cyst wall should be considered for renal tumor associated with unilocular renal cyst.
Recent advances in semitransparent perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mujahid Muhammad , Chen Chen , Zhang Jian , Li Chuannan , Duan Yu
Published: October 2020

The environmental challenges across the world step up the researcher's interest in different energy resources. Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) could expedite generation of electricity as well as shows reassuring its significance in flexible electronics and building‐integrating photovoltaic as so forth in the next decade. It is highly recommended to endorse the relevance of semitransparent solar devices to fulfill the required level of energy even by using the roofs and windows of the buildings. In this review article, we pay more attention to recent developments of ST‐PSCs. Herein, a succinct overview of latest research about semitransparent solar cell technologies and ST‐PSCs is summarized. Moreover, the strategies to enhance the transparency of solar cells are described utilizing structure, transparent electrodes, perovskite film formation, tandem solar cells, color tuning, and human eye perception. Last but not least is that the serious concerns about stability of ST‐PSCs are vividly reviewed.

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Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling Publication Patterns From 1998 to 2017: Author and Article Characteristics
Authors: MacInerney Erin K. , Johnsen Sarah T. , Cobb Nicole , Smith Heather , Erford Bradley T.
Published: October 2020

Patterns of articles published in the Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling from 1998 to 2017 were reviewed in this metastudy. Author and article characteristics for 172 articles are described and analyzed for trends over time.
Examining the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Cultural Empathy in Addiction Counselors
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Lassiter Pamela S. , Gutierrez Daniel
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and cultural empathy in addiction counselors. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed emotional intelligence accounted for most of the variance in cultural empathy in this model.
Therapeutic thrombocytapheresis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Ha , Bach Khanh Quoc , Vu Hung Quang , Nguyen Nhat Quoc , Duong Thien Doan , Wheeler Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Thrombocytosis is usually seen in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and associated with thrombohemorrhagic complications. Therapeutic thrombocytapheresis using an automatic cell separator can help to achieve prompt platelet count reduction to decrease the rate of thrombotic events. In this study, we report a single center's experience in managing MPN patients with thrombocytapheresis prior to chemotherapy. Thrombocytapheresis procedures were performed in 185 MPN patients with thrombocytosis between January 2016 and June 2017. The median percentage reduction of platelets was 44.5% and the median percentage removal efficiency was 65.2% for 83 procedures where the waste bag was sampled. Procedures were generally well tolerated with few patients having mild adverse events (13 out of 185 patients).
Self‐esteem and binge eating: Do patients with binge eating disorder endorse more negatively worded items of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale?
Authors: Lo Coco Gianluca , Salerno Laura , Ingoglia Sonia , Tasca Giorgio A.
Published: October 2020

Objective

Self‐esteem is a core aspect of eating disorder symptomatology. This study aims to examine whether method effects associated with negatively worded items of the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) may interact the negative self‐evaluations experienced by patients with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). We also examined whether negatively worded items were associated with psychological distress and eating symptoms.

Method

Five hundred thirty three female outpatients (mean age: 42.59) with BED (n = 160) or obesity without BED (n = 373) completed the RSES and measures of interpersonal problems, psychological distress, and eating symptoms.

Results

Patients with BED responded more strongly to the negatively worded items of the RSES than those with obesity. The RSES negatively worded item factor was negatively associated with higher interpersonal problems, psychological distress, and binge eating.

Conclusions

Patients with BED may be more responsive to negatively phrased items on the RSES consistent with their negative self‐evaluations and self‐perceptions.
Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: Exploring the buffering role of self‐compassion and self‐esteem
Authors: Pohl Sina , Steuwe Carolin , Mainz Verena , Driessen Martin , Beblo Thomas
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) show lower self‐compassion and self‐esteem than healthy controls and whether patients’ self‐compassion and self‐esteem moderate the association between childhood trauma and the severity of their BPD symptoms.

Method

Self‐reported self‐compassion, self‐esteem, and the current severity of BPD symptoms were assessed in 35 female patients with BPD and 35 age‐matched control participants. Further, traumatic childhood experiences were recorded in the patient group.

Results

Patients with BPD reported significantly lower self‐compassion and self‐esteem compared to healthy controls. In addition, self‐compassion but not self‐esteem moderated the positive correlation between childhood trauma and the severity of BPD symptoms.

Discussion

Self‐compassion appears to buffer the negative consequences of childhood traumatization. Therefore, cultivating self‐compassion may be an important therapeutic aim for patients with BPD.
TRIM4 interacts with TRPM8 and regulates its channel function through K423‐mediated ubiquitination
Authors: Huang Yuan , Li Shunyao , Jia Zhenhua , Li Shi , He Wenzao , Zhou Cefan , Zhang Rui , Xu Rui , Sun Bo , Ali Declan William , Michalak Marek , Chen Xing‐Zhen , Tang Jingfeng
Published: October 2020

Transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+‐permeable nonselective cation channel activated by cold and cooling agents, mediates allodynia. Dysfunction or abnormal expression of TRPM8 has been found in several human cancers. The role of ubiquitination in the regulation of TRPM8 function remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the ubiquitin (Ub)‐ligase E3, tripartite motif‐containing 4 (TRIM4), as a novel interaction partner of TRPM8 and confirmed that the TRIM4–TRPM8 interaction was mediated through the SPRY domain of TRIM4. Patch‐clamp assays showed that TRIM4 negatively regulates TRPM8‐mediated currents in HEK293 cells. Moreover, TRIM4 reduced the expression of TRPM8 on the cell surface by promoting the K63‐linked ubiquitination of TRPM8. Further analyses revealed that the TRPM8 N‐terminal lysine residue at 423 was the major ubiquitination site that mediates its functional regulation by TRIM4. A Ub‐activating enzyme E1, Ub‐like modifier‐activating enzyme 1 (UBA1), was also found to interact with TRPM8, thereby regulating its channel function and ubiquitination. In addition, knockdown of UBA1 impaired the regulation of TRPM8 ubiquitination and function by TRIM4. Thus, this study demonstrates that TRIM4 downregulates TRPM8 via K423‐mediated TRPM8 ubiquitination and requires UBA1 to regulate TRPM8.
Circular RNA CircCDH13 contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis via CircCDH13/miR‐296‐3p/PTEN axis
Authors: Zhou Zhibin , Ma Jun , Lu Jiajia , Chen Aimin , Zhu Lei
Published: October 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in a variety of human diseases; however, the function of circRNAs in osteoarthritis (OA) remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of CircCDH13 in OA and its underlying mechanisms. CircRNA expression profiles in OA and normal cartilage tissues were detected by microarray. The expression pattern, functional role, and mechanisms of CircCDH13 in OA were studied in vitro and in vivo. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function approaches were used to demonstrate the participation of CircCDH13 in OA. The regulatory relationship between CircCDH13 and miR‐296‐3p and miR‐296‐3p and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was predicted by bioinformatics and verified by RNA pulldown and luciferase assay. Adeno‐associated virus was also used to reveal the role and mechanisms of CircCDH13 in destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM)‐induced OA mice. The upregulation of CircCDH13 in OA cartilage tissues significantly induces chondrocyte apoptosis, promotes extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism, and inhibits ECM anabolism. Mechanistically, CircCDH13 contributes to OA pathogenesis by functioning as a sponge of miR‐296‐3p and regulating the miR‐296‐3p‐PTEN pathway. Silencing of CircCDH13 in vivo markedly alleviated DMM‐induced OA in mice. Our study revealed an important role of CircCDH13 in OA pathogenesis. Silencing of CircCDH13 could reduce chondrocyte apoptosis, inhibit ECM catabolism, and promote ECM anabolism through the miR‐296‐3p‐PTEN pathway. It provides a potential target for developing effective interventions in treating OA.
The effect of sludge retention time and organic loading rate on performance and membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor
Authors: Oghyanous Farid Alizad , Etemadi Habib , Yegani Reza
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is commonly considered a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to its outstanding effluent quality, low sludge production, and smaller environmental footprint. However, membrane biofouling is regarded as the bottleneck of MBR processes preventing their universal application. Optimizing operating conditions and improving the antifouling properties of membranes have a substantial impact on the rate and characteristics of membrane fouling in MBR systems.

RESULTS

In this study, a two‐step process was performed to mitigate membrane fouling by optimizing sludge retention time (SRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) and improving membrane characteristics in an MBR system developed for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. At first, pure membrane fouling and sludge characteristics were examined in three identical MBRs at different OLRs (40, 100, and 160 mg chemical oxygen demand(COD)/L.d) under various SRTs (7.5, 22.5, and 37.5 days). The investigation indicated that high protein concentration in loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB‐EPS) caused more irreversible fouling at the OLR and SRT of 40 mgCOD/L.d and 7.5 days, respectively. In the second stage, a modified anti‐biofouling membrane was installed into the optimized submerged MBR at OLR = 100 mgCOD/L.d and SRT of 22.5 days for further mitigation of membrane fouling. Membrane fouling significantly reduced as the protein and gram negative bacteria on the surface of the modified membrane decreased.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that the reversible and irreversible membrane fouling were controlled successfully through the proposed optimization of operational conditions and by improving the membrane characteristics in MBR. Finally, the protein of LB‐EPS is a vitally important factor affecting the irreversible membrane fouling. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of an extraskeletal intranasal osteoma in a Gir cow
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Asodiya Foram A. , Singh Vivek K. , Gajera Harsukh P.
Published: October 2020

This is probably the first report characterizing an extraskeletal intranasal osteoma in a Gir cow through scanning electron microscopy and various spectroscopic techniques. Nasal obstruction in a 10‐year‐old Gir cow is investigated in this study. Skull radiograph demonstrated 174.12 mm × 81.97 mm sized well‐circumscribed radiodense mass within the left nasal passage. The intranasal mass was excised completely through a rhinotomy incision. Grossly, intranasal mass was nonhyperemic, rock‐hard, and calcified, 174.12 mm × 81.97 mm in size, and 650 g of weight. Excised intranasal mass was investigated through histopathologic, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopic, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic, microwave plasma‐atomic energy spectroscopic (MPAES), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. A native bone of age‐matched Gir cow, collected from a cadaver, was taken as a control. Microscopically, structures similar to cortical bone randomly coexisted with trabecular bone were observed. The EDX analysis of the intranasal mass indicated mean Ca/P weight ratio of 1.88, close to Ca/P weight ratio of the control. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of Ca, P, Sr, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the intranasal mass. Additionally, Mn was noted by MPAES analysis. Hence, the XRF and MPAES analyses confirmed a similar elemental composition of the intranasal mass and control. FTIR spectroscopic study confirmed the presence of inorganic ν1, ν3 PO43−, OH− in addition to organic collagen amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III chemical functional groups in the intranasal mass. These findings of the intranasal mass were consistent with an osteoma having similar elemental and molecular compositions with the native bone.
Ecoimmune reallocation in a native lizard in response to the presence of invasive, venomous fire ants in their shared environment
Authors: Tylan Catherine , Horvat‐Gordon Maria , Bartell Paul A. , Langkilde Tracy
Published: October 2020

Exposure to stressors over prolonged periods can have fitness‐relevant consequences, including suppression of immune function. We tested for effects of presence of an invasive species threat on a broad panel of immune functions of a coexisting lizard. Eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) have been exposed to invasive fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) for over 80 years. Fire ants sting and envenomate lizards, causing physiological stress, but we do not have a comprehensive understanding of the broad immune consequences of lizard exposure to fire ant presence. We conducted a suite of immune measures on fence lizards caught from areas with long histories of fire ant invasion and lizards from areas not yet invaded by fire ants. The effect of fire ant presence on immunity varied depending on the immune component measured: within fire ant invaded areas, some portions of immunity were suppressed (lymphocytic cell‐mediated immunity, complement), some were unaffected (phagocytic respiratory burst, natural antibodies), and some were enhanced (anti‐fire ant immunoglobulin M, basophils) compared to within uninvaded areas. Rather than fire ants being broadly immunosuppressing, as generally assumed, the immune response appears to be tailored to this specific stressor: the immune measures that were enhanced are important to the lizards' ability to handle envenomation, whereas those that were unaffected or suppressed are less critical to surviving fire ant encounters. Several immune measures were suppressed in reproductive females when actively producing follicles, which may make them more susceptible to immunosuppressive costs of stressors such as interactions with fire ants.