bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of the Marital Relationship in the Lives of Three Generations of Bedouin Women
Authors: Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha
Published: May 2022

Since Israel’s establishment in 1948, its Bedouin population has undergone many changes—from a traditional society to a modern one and from a nomadic life to permanent settlement—that have greatly affected the marital relationship. This is a qualitative study, using a narrative paradigm, of perceptions of the marital relationship in three generations of women in10 Bedouin families. An interpretive analysis of their life story interviews revealed differences and some similarities between one generation and the next. The first-generation women spoke in general about the woman’s role in the relationship and the man’s role, which was to defend, protect, and support the woman. In the two later generations, the women took upon themselves the overall responsibility for the marriage’s success. In the second generation, the marriage relied primarily on the behavior of the woman, whose role was to nurture the relationship and her husband’s reputation. The third generation saw the relationship as an escape from their suffocating birth family, a warm environment in which to rear children, and a way of meeting many emotional and physical needs. Although their expectations were often not realized, this generation, too, strove to preserve the relationship. None of the interviewees mentioned polygyny, although it is widespread among Israel’s Bedouins. And despite the intergenerational differences, there were some constants: “Women’s wisdom,” the key factor appearing in each generation, enabled Bedouin women to adapt to their marital lives and to preserve Bedouin culture.
Attitudes in 2020 Towards Medical and Recreational Marijuana in Prohibitionist Nebraska
Authors: Habecker Patrick , Bevins Rick A.
Published: May 2022

Despite considerable change in the legal status of marijuana in the United States in the 21st century, the state of Nebraska has become an outlier in maintaining a complete prohibition on the substance. We estimate overall public support for medical and recreational marijuana in the state of Nebraska. Our data comes from the 2020 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey, an address-based sample of Nebraskan adults. We asked a question from the Pew Research Center if participants support legal marijuana for medical AND recreational use, medical use only, or if they think it should not be legal. We estimate that 83.18% of Nebraskans support medical marijuana legalization. There is less consistent support for legal recreational use than medical use alone. There are also associations between support preferences and age, political party, gender, and the amount of stigma a participant reports in their community towards people that use various substances.
“We Have to Keep Advocating and Helping and Doing What We Can”: Examining Perinatal Substance Use Services in the Absence of Integrated Treatment Programs
Authors: Nichols Tracy R. , Gringle Meredith R. , Welborn Amber , Lee Amy
Published: May 2022

Effective treatment of substance-exposed pregnancies requires gender-responsive care coordinated across agencies and systems. A deeper understanding of the perspectives, experience, and practices of professionals providing these services is needed to improve care. This study examines service provision for perinatal substance use through the perspectives and experiences of healthcare and social service professionals. Using a constructivist grounded theory design, data were collected over a 7-year period. Data collection consisted of interviews and focus groups with professionals as well as observations of professional meetings and workshops where practices and procedures were discussed. A multi-level model of service delivery is described. The role of affect, particularly around issues of custody, is discussed along with structural level actions that develop in the absence of integrated treatment. Structural support both within and across systems of care is crucial to developing coordinated and compassionate care and to increasing engagement in care services.
Motives, Frequency, and Consequences of Cannabis Use Among College Students
Authors: Espinosa Adriana , Ruglass Lesia M. , Conway Fiona N. , Jackson Kristina M. , White Helene R.
Published: May 2022

We investigated profiles of cannabis use motives among current cannabis-consuming college students. Then we assessed profile differences in demographic characteristics, social contexts of use, regulatory environment, alcohol use, negative affect, negative consequences, and cannabis use. Participants ( N = 1, 213) were from three universities in states with different cannabis legislation. Six profiles emerged: Low Motives, Low to Moderate Enhance, High Enhance, High Enhance & Social + Moderate Expand, High Enhance & Cope, and High Motives. Profiles differed in social contexts of use, sex, alcohol use, negative affect, and regulatory environment. Profiles endorsing high and multiple motives had higher cannabis use and negative consequences, relative to profiles with low or fewer motives. Profiles characterized by high avoidance motives (i.e., coping) had the highest cannabis use and consequences. Interventions targeting types and intensity of motives for cannabis-use may help reduce use and related consequences among college students who use cannabis.
Opioid Literacy Among African Americans Living in Rural Alabama: Findings From a Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Framework
Authors: Lee Hee Yun , Wang Kun , Choi Eunyoung , Gajos Jamie M. , Won Cho Rong
Published: May 2022

Limited research examining opioid literacy among African Americans (AAs) have been conducted. The current study examined the association between opioid literacy levels among AAs in rural Alabama using the social determinants of health framework. Three subscales in the Brief Opioid Overdose Knowledge questionnaire were used to measure opioid literacy. Among a sample of 253, limited opioid literacy was found. Social contact was found to be significantly associated with overall opioid literacy (B = .36, p < .05) and opioid general knowledge subscale (B = .14, p < .05). For the subscale of opioid overdose response knowledge, health insurance (B =−.59, p = .06) and social contact (B = .13, p = .07) emerged as marginally significant. The findings suggest that educational interventions are needed to increase opioid literacy among rural AAs, especially among those with limited social contact.
Uncertainty in Education: Policy Implications
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Badar Jeanmarie , Wiley Andrew L. , Anastasiou Dimitris , Koran Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Uncertainty in education, both general and special, has long troubled educational researchers, reformers, and practitioners. Responding to students with special (atypical) educational needs is an example of decisions that are prone to error. Although some efforts to reduce uncertainty in education are reasonable and helpful, efforts to eliminate uncertainty completely are not only certain to fail but sometimes make matters worse. Changing the structure or framework of education, such as using educational tiers, does not reduce and may increase uncertainty. We offer recommendations for reducing uncertainty in education, given that it cannot be eliminated.
Collaborating for policy impact: Academic-practitioner collaboration in industrial relations research
Authors: McGrath-Champ Susan , Gavin Mihajla , Stacey Meghan , Wilson Rachel
Published: May 2022

Knowledge co-production between academics and practitioners is increasingly a focus for university workplace contexts. While there is emerging interest in how social science academics can engage with industry to generate impact, little attention has been paid to how one form of practitioner organisation, trade unions, engages with academics to influence policy and member outcomes. In this article, we examine a case of research collaboration with an education trade union based in New South Wales, Australia, to explore the process of knowledge co-production with this partnership and its impact on education policy. In examining this decade-long partnership, we contribute to the literature on union strategy by depicting collaboration with researchers as a unique strategy for influencing policy outcomes (in this case, addressing teacher workload), while also contributing to emerging scholarship on knowledge co-production as a means to generate impact beyond the academy. As such, this article contributes a rare example of ‘cross-over’ between the worlds of academia and industry, which may inform future engagement and impact processes.
Employer and employer association matters in 2021
Authors: Barry Michael , Gould Ryan
Published: May 2022

For employers and their associations, 2021 began with the prospect of significant industrial relation change and a return to business as usual. However, the enduring implications of the pandemic, and defeat of many employer-supported aspects of the Coalition Government's legislative changes in the Senate, quickly dashed these dreams. Through a review of public submissions, media reports and interviews, this article explores the key activities and interests of employers and their associations throughout 2021. This year saw welcomed clarity regarding casual employment, renewed government interest in (if not support for) skilled migration, and through the enhanced use of online communication platforms, the opportunity for better member–association relationships. As the year progressed, employer attention shifted back to the pandemic, and more specifically, the challenge of managing vaccine mandates. For employers and their associations, 2021 was then a year of mixed results and enduring uncertainty.
Autonomy, liberty, and risk: The ethical and legal challenges of suspending leave of absence for patients detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic
Authors: Loughran Matthew , Latham Richard
Published: May 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments around the world have imposed significant restrictions on freedom of movement to tackle the virus. Mental health units have mirrored this approach, implementing restrictive measures to safeguard the health of patients, staff, and the wider community. This paper explores the relevant legal provisions and ethical principles that guide medical decisions regarding restriction of liberty, before considering the suspension of leave from hospital that occurred in several mental health services in response to the pandemic. It reviews how existing ethical principles within the field of public health may support a better-informed decision-making process, should similar widespread restrictions be imposed again.
“It Started After Trauma”: The Effects of Traumatic Grief on Sleep Paralysis
Authors: Blood Cybele , Cacciatore Joanne
Published: May 2022

Adverse life events are associated with the often-terrifying REM sleep parasomnia of sleep paralysis (SP), but the impact of bereavement on SP has not been specifically examined. This exploratory, mixed-methods study ( N = 168) includes qualitative data from 55 participants who described factors they believed led to their SP. Of these, almost half with a traumatic loss listed death-related precipitants. In unadjusted (bivariate) negative binomial regression models, traumatic death, time since death, religiosity, and age estimated increased SP frequency in the prior month, prior year, or both. In multivariable models, traumatic death, time since death, and age estimated increased frequency in the prior month, prior year, or both. Unexpectedly, in all models, as compared to death ≥9 years earlier, prior month SP was greater with death 1–6 years earlier, but not <1 year earlier. Discussion includes the possible role of social constraints in traumatic grief trajectories and care provider recommendations.
Disenfranchised Grief: The Death of a Student With Special Needs and the Coping of the School Staff – A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shalev Ronit , Zamir Roni , Barak Orit
Published: May 2022

The educational staff that meets the children at school struggles to cope with the death of a child, and often avoids talking with them about the death and their sense of loss. This way of coping is complicated in the case of grief among children with special needs, called “disenfranchised grief ”. The aim of this qualitative study was to examine the experience and the perceptions of the educational staff in schools for special education and to assess their way of coping, support and care they employ following the death of a student. 15 staff members from different schools in Israel, interviewed. The findings reveal that schools are a significant source of support for students, staff and parents, alike, in the processing of the loss. The special education frameworks generally maintained a special and close connection with students and families. procedures and guidelines are required following death of a student.
The Relationship Between the Attitudes of Nursing Students Towards Providing Care for a Dying Patient and Their Empathic Tendencies
Authors: Köktürk Dalcali Berna , Berna Akay
Published: May 2022

This study was planned to determine the relationship between the attitudes of nursing students towards death and dying patients and their empathic tendencies. This study was conducted with a descriptive and correlational design. The research was completed with 176 students. Positive significant relationship found between between the FATCOD and ETS scores. It was observed that a 1-point increase in the Empathic Tendency Scale score caused an increase of 0.502 points in the FATCOD score. İt is recommended providing training sessions with simulation applications for nursing students to prepare them for end-of-life care experiences.
Positive Schemas: Replication, Associations With Negative Schemas, and the Dark Triad
Authors: Louis John Philip , Louis Karen McDonald , Young Amy M.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the current study was to replicate the factor structure of the 14 positive schemas identified in the earlier study by Louis et al. (2018). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Multi-group CFA, the 14 positive schemas were found to be robust across four new non-clinical English-speaking community samples – USA ( n = 396), South Africa ( n = 390), Nigeria ( n = 364), and India ( n = 306). Further, results from CFA, and chi square tests showed that positive and negative schemas were independent but related constructs, and that they do not reflect bipolarity. Using hierarchical regression and Pearson’s correlations the negative schemas of Entitlement, Approval Seeking and Mistrust, and the positive schema of Empathic Consideration were found to be associated positively and negatively respectively with Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy of the Dark Triad scale in all four worldwide samples. Implications of this finding in Schema Therapy treatment were discussed.
Migrant NHS nurses as ‘tolerated’ citizens in post-Brexit Britain
Authors: Spiliopoulos Georgia , Timmons Stephen
Published: May 2022

With this article we present European Union (EU) and non-EU nurses’ lived experiences of feeling ‘unwelcomed’ and ‘unsettled’ in a heightened xenophobic environment, in the workplace and elsewhere, following the 2016 EU Referendum. Brexit has exposed long-standing structural inequalities which oppress and disempower the NHS migrant labour force. Migrant nurses, a highly mobile and skilled workforce, were feeling increasingly disenfranchised and insecure in their employment. Drawing on notions such as tolerated citizenship and the contested political boundaries of belonging, and taking a situated intersectionality approach, we examine everyday bordering practices in the UK where the cultivation of a hostile environment is becoming increasingly prevalent. We contribute to the debates on forms of othering in post-Brexit Britain and question the instrumentality of policy interventions, closely connected to the ‘dangerous politics of immigration control’, which have far-reaching implications for long-term settlement of migrant nurses and other healthcare migrant workers.
Natural jute fiber treated with silane coupling agent KH570 reinforced polylactic acid composites: mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Fang Cui-cui , Song Xueyang , Zou Ting , Li Yuan-yuan , Wang Ping , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2022

With the progress of society, fiber reinforced composites have become the subject of research in the field of composite materials, in which natural fibers are widely used in the enhancement and modification of thermoplastics due to their low density, biodegradation and most wide origins. However, the hydrophilicity of special fiber is the main factor that hinders its bonding with hydrophobic polymer matrix which leads to poor interface compatibility between the fiber/matrix interface. The coupling agent can increase the nonpolarity of the natural fiber and the compatibility between the fiber and the resin. In this study, the composites were fabricated by the film stacking method, and the surface of jute fiber was treated with silane coupling agent so as to prepare jute/polylactic acid composites with good mechanical and thermal properties. The mechanical and thermomechanical results show that the combination of the coupling agent can significantly improve the interfacial bond of the jute/polylactic acid composites, leading to an efficient enhancement of comprehensive performance.
Exploring theological perspectives on adult social care
Authors: Rand Stacey
Published: May 2022

A number of theological perspectives on adult social care are considered to illustrate how theology can be brought into creative dialogue with the practical and ethical issues in a way that may inform the ongoing public debate.
The prodigal climate crisis
Authors: Siddall Mark
Published: May 2022

The parable of the prodigal son is examined in the context of its physical setting within creation and its scriptural setting within the Lucan Gospel kerygma (Acts 2.38–39), revealing the integral ecology of the parable. Broken relationships among people and the land in the parable correlate with the contemporary human broken relationship with creation, which is causing the climate crisis. The brothers categorize the family farm in terms of either possession or merit. Neither possession nor merit are correct; the correct categories in which to view both the family farm and creation are the gospel categories of faithfulness and grace.
A Post-Ferguson Spatial Analysis of Black Resistant and White Fortressing Geographies
Authors: Daché Amalia , Sun Jonathon , Krause Christopher
Published: May 2022

This study explores the contrasting racialized geographies of St. Louis County and factors of local college accessibility by re-framing the concepts of college deserts and oases post the Ferguson uprising. Through a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of educational divides, capital accumulation, and policing, we found dual spatial landscapes: a geography of Whiteness and higher education capital accumulation in southern St. Louis and a predominantly Black working-class geography of Ferguson in northern St. Louis. These dual landscapes capture the social, economic, and racial contexts of St. Louis as it informs the discourse of college-going.
Business improvement districts, class turf war and the strategic weaponisation of class monopoly rent
Authors: Anderson Matthew , Arms Zachary
Published: May 2022

Business improvement districts (BIDs) are understood as a proactive response by locally dependent property owners and businesses aimed at attracting capital investment and consumers back to the central city at a time of increasingly gutted public sector resources. BIDs have yet to be explicitly examined as a form of rent-seeking, even though the primary motivation for property owners to self-impose additional taxes for implementing ‘clean and safe’ programmes is rent. In this context, the self-imposed tax is treated as a speculative investment that will hopefully yield a return in the form of enhanced profit for businesses and rents for landowners. As such, we conceptualise BIDs as not only a form of rent-seeking, but an alliance of private-sector actors engaged in the collaborative and strategic mobilisation of class monopoly rent as a weapon against all perceived barriers to profitability. Based on evidence from Seattle, Washington, the paper deepens our understanding of BIDs by linking this phenomenon to the spatial dynamics of rent within the contemporary neoliberal city and concludes by discussing the implications for what BIDs reveal about class monopoly rent in particular, the kind of class conflict this form of rent configures and its role within wider processes of neoliberal urbanisation.
Surviving and dying through the urban frontier: Everyday life, social brokerage and living with militias in Rio de Janeiro’s West Zone
Authors: Pope Nicholas
Published: May 2022

Urban margins are typically depicted as residual, apolitical spaces, where delinquent activities take place. But these spaces, with their own social, economic and political goings-on, are capable of drawing established urban economic and political structures into question. This paper brings together urban frontiers, political settlements and brokerage literatures to analyse how residents muddle through the challenges of everyday life in the urban margins and interact with coercive systems of rule. Through ethnographic fieldwork, this paper focuses on two brokers from neighbouring communities in Rio de Janeiro’s West Zone; exploring how they mediate violent conditions, coercive militia rule and limited resources, and why and how they do so to different effects. By focusing on the spatial and historical dimensions of brokerage, this paper argues that power in Rio de Janeiro’s margins derives not only from coercive control and domination, but also from agency, legitimacy and social energy. By doing so, this paper unearths potential for more radical possibilities for urban development.
Increasing Health Insurance Enrollment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Works, What Does Not, and Research Gaps: A Scoping Review
Authors: James Nigel , Acharya Yubraj
Published: May 2022

Health insurance programs have the potential to shield individuals in low- and middle-income countries from catastrophic health expenses and reduce their vulnerability to poverty. However, the uptake of insurance programs remains low in these countries. We reviewed existing evidence from experimental studies on approaches that researchers have tested in order to raise the uptake. In the 12 studies we synthesized, educational programs and subsidies were the dominant interventions. Consistent with findings from previous studies on other health products, subsidies were effective in raising the uptake of insurance programs in many contexts. Conversely, education interventions—in their current forms—were largely ineffective, although they bolstered the effect of subsidies. Other strategies, such as the use of microfinance institutions and social networks for outreach and enrollment, showed mixed results. Additional research is needed on effective approaches to raise the uptake of insurance programs, including tools from behavioral economics that have shown promise in other areas of health behavior.
What Factors Affect a User’s Intention to Use Fitness Applications? The Moderating Effect of Health Status: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Byongjin , Lee Euehun
Published: May 2022

Objective

Fitness applications are becoming a tool for users who want to exercise and diet. This study examines what factors affect users’ intention to use fitness applications and how they depend on users’ health status.

Methods

An online survey was conducted on 428 potential fitness application users from South Korea. For this study, the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) was applied, and structural equation models were used for the data analysis.

Results

The results showed that for potential fitness application users, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and perceived privacy protection were significant variables; however, social influence was insignificant. Factors influencing users’ intention to use fitness applications will vary depending on health status.

Conclusion

This study provides the following implications for health researchers, fitness application designers, and marketers. When trying to use fitness application, values such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and perceived privacy protection should be emphasized. In particular, for users with chronic diseases, the performance expectancy of fitness apps is more critical than any other factor.
Ovarian Tumours: Discordance between Clinical and Radiological Findings: A Case Series
Authors: Singh Amrita , Sinha Parul , Vashistha Preeti , Akhoon Iram Shafi , Afrin Saba
Published: May 2022

The five major types of ovarian tumors in females of different age groups are discussed here with respect to discordance between ultrasonography, clinical features and histopathology findings. The importance of clinical examination cannot be denied in such cases as total dependence on investigation modalities may lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment. Five such cases admitted in the year 2017-2018 at Era's Lucknow medical college and hospital were selected for this series. All the cases had varied presentation, and diagnosis in each case was difficult as the nature of the masses differed markedly from the radiological findings. Even in expert hands, a radiological conclusion must go hand in hand with a proper clinical correlation.
Hybrid Governance in Online Drug Distribution
Authors: Moeller Kim
Published: May 2022

A growing share of illicit drug dealing occurs on online platforms. Technological innovations, such as encryption and anonymous payments, have enabled new and more complex ways of organizing transactions. This conceptual essay advances the study of online drug dealing by describing how governance mechanisms from markets, networks, and hierarchies are combined to reduce transactional uncertainty. Based on published research, I argue that cryptomarkets and social media drug distribution prioritize prices, trust, and rules differently, and that this can be understood as hybrid governance. In cryptomarkets, networked reputation scores are important, but their reliability is interdependent of administrators’ sanctioning capacity. Similarly, the open advertisement of prices and products relies on the ability to expose fraudulent vendors. On social media, buyers prioritize easy access and fast delivery and characteristics of market governance, while hierarchical rules are absent, and networked reputations play only a small role. Existing typologies of drug dealing organization do not capture these combinations of governance mechanisms. Hybrid governance and the interdependence of several governance mechanisms better capture the empirical reality of new and emerging modes in online drug distribution.
Experiences of Black Men: Forms of Masculinity and Effects on Psychological Help-Seeking Variables
Authors: Coleman-Kirumba LaJae M. , Cornish Marilyn A. , Horton Aleah J. , Alvarez Jordan C.
Published: May 2022

Black adults in the United States seek mental healthcare at a lesser rate than White adults, attributed in part to the stigma of seeking psychological help. Black men in need of mental health care face a double barrier associated with the intersection of their race and gender, as men report more negative attitudes toward help-seeking than do women. To understand help-seeking attitudes among Black men, this study examined the direct effects of traditional masculinity, traditional/Black masculinity, and Black masculinity on public stigma of help-seeking as well as the indirect effects on self-stigma of help-seeking and psychological help-seeking attitudes among a sample of Black men in the United States ( N = 160). Results demonstrated that Black masculinity and traditional/Black masculinity predicted greater public stigma, which predicted greater self-stigma and in turn less positive psychological help-seeking attitudes. This study also found an unexpected negative relationship between traditional masculinity and public stigma and an indirect positive effect on psychological help-seeking attitudes. Results support tailored stigma-reduction interventions for the Black community.
We need a comparative approach to language acquisition: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Christiansen Morten H. , Kallens Pablo Contreras , Trecca Fabio
Published: May 2022

The study by Kidd and Garcia is long overdue. Their analyses of published research on language acquisition highlight the lack of typological diversity in studies of how children acquire their native tongue. We concur with their conclusion that more research on understudied languages is urgently needed. However, we argue that what the field needs is not just wider cross-linguistic coverage but a systematic comparative approach to language acquisition – one in which investigations of well-studied languages still has much to contribute.
Influence of gap size between aluminium radiant sheets on the efficiency of lightweight floor heating
Authors: Werner-Juszczuk Anna Justyna
Published: May 2022

For environmental and economic reasons, it is necessary to search for heating systems solutions that are efficient and provide thermal comfort at a low investment cost. In this study, the optimum gap between aluminium radiant sheets in lightweight floor heating is determined, ensuring high system efficiency and low material consumption. Numerical calculations were performed using the ANSYS. The structures analysed consist of thermal insulation covered with a 0.3 mm thick aluminium sheet, wood-like board and ceramic tiles or panels. The average surface temperature and the temperature amplitude are determined for the construction with no gap between the sheets and with gaps of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mm. Increasing the gap size results in a decrease in the surface temperature and heat flux and an increase in temperature amplitude. For a 10–20 mm gap, the decrease in temperature (<0.47 K), relative heat flux drop (<4.4%) and increase in surface temperature amplitude (<1K) can be considered negligible at a water temperature of 25–40°C, pipe spacing of 0.075–0.150 m and the thermal resistance of the layers above the pipes ≤0.118 m2K/W. A gap of 10–20 mm compared to no gap reduces aluminium consumption, which is environmentally friendly while ensuring high system efficiency.
Evaluation of coalbed methane resources in Xinjing Baoan block based on PCA, TOPSIS, & MLFM
Authors: Chen Fengjie , Jiang Xiuming , Wu Caifang , zhou He , Gao Bin , Zhang Shasha
Published: May 2022

Coalbed methane (CBM) resources are abundant in the Baoan blocks of the Xinjing coalfield, China; their exploration and development remain in infancy. Suitable development blocks can be selected by evaluating their development potential; that of the No. 8 and 15 CBM systems in the Baoan blocks was evaluated using three quantitative evaluation methods via existing geological data: multi-level fuzzy mathematics (MLFM), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated that the CBM development potential in the central part of the Baoan blocks is low and unbecoming. The favorable areas of the No. 8 coal seam are distributed in the northeast and northwest, and that of No. 15 in the northwest and southwest Differences exist in quantitative selection; with limited data, the evaluation of the TOPSIS method is considerably different from actuality, and is unbecoming for evaluating the development potential.
Transformation of Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma into Osteosarcoma after Radiotherapy and Nine Endoscopic Surgeries
Authors: Wang Yang , Du Jintao , Jiang Zihan , Meng Juan
Published: May 2022

Cemento-ossifying fibromas (COFs) are benign fibro-osseous tumors usually found in the mandible and maxilla that can show malignancy in rare situations. COFs usually grow slowly and asymptomatically until they produce local bulges, pain, headaches, and visual impairment, and have a Ki-67 index within 3%, even in aggressive and recurrent cases. Surgical resection can usually provide a satisfactory prognosis. However, no cases of COF transforming into osteosarcoma have been reported. We present a case of COF involving a 58-year-old woman whose initial symptom was hearing loss in the right ear accompanied by tinnitus. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3.1 cm x 3.2 cm mass centered on the right pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. Postoperative pathology revealed a COF with a high Ki-67 index (8%–10%). Over the next two years, the tumor relapsed repeatedly. The patient underwent nine endoscopic surgeries and radiotherapy. The sixth postoperative biopsy showed that the COF had transformed into an osteosarcoma. The patient subsequently experienced respiratory and cardiac arrests and was receiving treatment in the intensive care unit with a poor prognosis at the time of writing this manuscript. Thus, a high Ki-67 index may be a risk factor for malignant transformation for COFs.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Urban Political Economy, Race, and Educational Inequality: Realizing and Extending the Radical Possibility of Jean Anyon
Authors: Benson Jeremy , Pedroni Thomas C. , Dumas Michael J.
Published: May 2022

In this introduction to the special issue, the editors explain why the work of Jean Anyon is an important jumping-off point for examining the inter-imbrication of political economy and race, and what analytical gains might be made through such scholarship. A synthesized approach to theory can help us identify and bring into generative interplay these two phenomena. Furthermore, this interrelationship has important implications for policy analysis, as racial discourses become employed in and animate revanchist economic and education reforms.
Chicana/o/x Educational Pipelines as Critical Race Heuristics: Tools for Pedagogy, Politicization, and Praxis
Authors: Alemán Sonya M. , Bahena Sofia , Alemán Enrique
Published: May 2022

Background/Context:

Since 2005, critical race theory (CRT) scholars have crafted educational pipelines that compare educational attainment across racial groups in the United States. These visual models offer concise pictorial narratives about the discrepancies that fall along racial lines, particularly the underperformance of Chicana/o/x students over the last two decades.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

This article conceptualizes educational pipelines comparing the educational attainment of Chicana/o/x, White, Black, Asian, and Native students as critical race heuristics, or exegetic visual instruments and pedagogical tools used by CRT scholars to concisely depict structural inequities predicated on racial hierarchies. Critical race heuristics elicit understandings of systemic oppression, foster critical awareness, and inspire action.

Population/Participants/Subjects:

There were more than 100 participants in 16 focus groups, and 10 individual interviews were conducted.

Research Design:

This qualitative study relied on a critical race-grounded theory methodology.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Data were responses to the question, “If you could show this pipeline to anyone, who would it be and why?” Each researcher separately analyzed the data, then compared emerging patterns and observations in several rounds, drawing on tenets of CRT to inform their analysis.

Findings/Results:

Participant responses revealed how the heuristic prompted: (a) a conscientization about the factors contributing to the disparities, (b) a call for various forms of praxis to remedy the disparities made apparent by the image, and (c) an appreciation for the simplicity of the image to convey educational inequities.

Conclusion/Recommendations:

The critical race heuristic enabled participants to articulate a keen awareness of the institutional factors predicated along racial lines that result in disparities between Chicana/o/x students and other racial groups. Moreover, it motivated participants’ desire for intervention, as they conceived of various strategies, tactics, and policies that might abate the pressures that limit the educational attainment of Chicana/o/x students. Our findings give insight regarding how the critical race heuristic could teach preservice teachers, teachers, and administrators about entrenched race-based inequities; motivate faculty and administrators to work toward narrowing the gaps between racial groups; or anchor workshops for students of color in bridge programs, college preparatory programs, retention programs, and leadership training programs that would help them chart a course for educational success.
“Side by Side”: Nurturing Local Intercultural Competence in a Professional Development Program for Palestinian and Jewish Teachers
Authors: Muszkat-Barkan Michal
Published: May 2022

Background:

The existence of many conflicted cities like Jerusalem creates a need for intercultural professional development (PD) for teachers. It is important to understand what teachers learn from their participation in such programs and how they are affected personally and professionally by their encounters with the other. The current study examines teachers’ intercultural experiences in Teachers’ Lounge (TL), a Jerusalem-based PD program that deals with the contextual challenges of living and teaching in a conflicted city.

Purpose:

By examining the learning and experience of teacher participants in a PD program in a conflicted city, this study develops a grounded theory of the “learned curriculum.” It thus fills analytic and theoretical gaps in the existing literature between the stated aims of intercultural PD programs and the “learned curriculum” of such programs.

Research Design:

The study is a qualitative analysis that triangulates interviews, participant observations, and written materials. It uses several sources of data, which were all analyzed through a process of open coding. Codes were created and then divided into categories and domains according to their areas of learning. A grounded theory of a conceptual framework was developed by generalizing the emerging themes and categories.

Findings:

The study terms this new conceptual framework Teachers’ Local Intercultural Competence (TLIC). This framework organizes the areas of teachers’ learning around four domains of outcomes: contextual knowledge, self-awareness, pedagogical implications, and professional identity and community. Each domain represents the teachers’ ability to recognize and create links between the larger social and political challenges of living in a conflicted city, and their own values and educational practices.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the potential of PD programs to develop teachers’ sociopolitical awareness of their professional identity and practice in a conflicted city like Jerusalem. It shows the power of the personal encounter, the content of the context, and the connection between the professional and personal for the development of TLIC and for bringing the other into the scope of the educational practice. Future studies can use this framework to explore the pedagogy of such intercultural programs and examine their long-term impact on participants.
Preparing Teachers for Culturally Responsive/Relevant Pedagogy (CRP): A Critical Review of Research
Authors: Chang Wen-Chia , Viesca Kara Mitchell
Published: May 2022

Context:

Proposed more than two decades ago, culturally relevant/responsive teaching or pedagogy (CRP) is one promising approach to transforming the education experience of historically marginalized groups. The development of CRP has since inspired changes in teacher education programs and resulted in considerable research on preparing teachers for CRP. However, critics have argued that much work on CRP has not fulfilled its transformative potential of addressing racism and the white-supremacist foundations underlying teacher education research and practice and have urged CRP research to grow from the existing knowledge base and to innovate.

Purpose of Study:

This study critically examines the research practices of empirical studies on preparing K-12 preservice teachers for CRP in the United States by merging ideas of research as social practice with critical race theory, critical whiteness studies, and Indigenous epistemologies to argue for research as racialized social practice. The goal is to provide perspectives and lines of research that are true to the radical shifts the original theories called for, yet might not have been fully fulfilled.

Research Design:

This critical literature review applies the research-as-racialized-social-practice lens to examine how CRP research studies frame problems and research questions, elaborate theoretical frameworks and research methodology, and discuss findings and implications. Our analysis positions CRP research on the research-as-racialized-social-practice continuum, ranging from maintaining the racist status quo to intentionally disrupting it.

Findings:

Our analysis reveals that dominant research practices—emphasizing the problem of individual deficiencies rather than inequitable systems, employing a research logic focusing on linearity rather than complexity, and lacking in-depth examination of racialized and cultural ways of knowing for both researchers and participants—maintain the inequitable status quo rather than disrupting taken-for-granted assumptions and practices. While we recognize the important work and useful knowledge accumulated by this body of literature over two decades, we urge teacher educators and researchers to stay vigilant and resist research epistemologies and practices that recenter, recycle, and maintain whiteness, perpetuating the racist status quo.

Conclusions:

We recommend that teacher education researchers can construct research questions capable of generating new knowledge to disrupt racial injustice; utilize and further develop critical theoretical frameworks that sufficiently attend to various aspects of race and racism in teaching, learning, and society, and are meaningfully linked to disruptive research methodologies; and, finally, attend clearly to the ability of research to disrupt the racist status quo within their findings and implications.
Can Teacher Education Save Democracy?
Authors: Westheimer Joel
Published: May 2022

Background/Context:

Social scientists, policymakers, and commentators have long assumed that Western democracies enjoy relative stability because of deep commitments to a culture of democratic governance. But those commitments are quickly fading in almost every developed and developing democracy around the globe. In the same period in which support for democracy has declined, schools and teacher education programs have been pressured by “accountability” measures and economic austerity to focus on math and literacy achievement to the exclusion of nearly every other educational goal. These challenges to social cohesion and democratic governance highlight the need for young people to be exposed early on and throughout their educational pathways to the knowledge, skills, and dispositions consistent with democratic life. The narrowing of curricular goals, therefore, is a threat to the stability of democratic institutions.

Purpose:

This essay examines the potential of teacher education as a lever for change. How might teacher educators ensure that teachers are prepared to foster education that will sustain and strengthen democratic norms? If schools have an essential role to play in preparing students for informed engagement in civic and political life, how can we best prepare teachers to advance those goals?

Research Design:

This is an analytical essay drawing on recent empirical research on declining support for democratic values and on teachers’ civic engagement as well as conceptual work on democratic education goals. To illustrate the potential for teacher education to prepare teachers to engage students in political issues discussions, I draw on data from the first large-scale empirical study of what U.S. high school teachers currently do to prepare youth to understand economic inequality and its causes, effects, and possible remedies. The study included a teacher survey and follow-up interviews concerning teachers’ political ideology and civic and political engagement as well as classroom practice. The 2,750 teachers who participated in the survey are representative of U.S. public schools (and an additional segment of U.S. elite independent schools) in terms of student demographics and geographic location. We also conducted 150 follow-up interviews.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

I suggest that teacher education must move from reactive technocratic concerns for accountability and standardization to broader civic and civil commitments to the foundations of democratic community, pluralism, and relationship. Teacher education programs should consider ways to encourage new and experienced teachers to follow the news, engage in civil discourse with one another about topics of public concern, and participate in civic and political life. Moreover, teacher educators could work toward teaching the knowledge, skills, and dispositions associated with political and civic engagement.
Interrogating Democracy, Education, and Modern White Supremacy: A (Re)Constitution Toward Racially Just Democratic Teacher Education
Authors: Matias Cheryl E. , Hannegan-Martinez Sharim , Heilig Julian Vasquez
Published: May 2022

Background/Context:

Almost 100 years ago, John Dewey advocated for a democratic U.S. educational system, one that echoed the tenets of the U.S. Constitution and achieved an ethical ideal by inviting participation of all students. Yet the U.S. educational system continues to stop short of this goal insofar as students of Color—especially those in urban school districts—disproportionately face obstacles not so encountered by white students.

Purpose/Focus of Study:

If democracy in the United States is characterized by freedom, equality, and liberty, the inherent question is whether these rights are enjoyed in equivalent degrees among all citizens against the context of white nationalist marches, police brutality, racially targeted mass shootings, and racial bias in education and society.

Setting:

Despite historical strides in civil rights, today’s United States has become increasingly racialized and—some would argue—indicative of a neo-fascist climate wherein whiteness and white supremacy prevail.

Subjects:

How does this racial tension manifest in teacher education, a field in which racialized whiteness is already so “overwhelming” and most teacher candidates are white? What is the current state of “democratic” education in the United States given the historical bias against students of Color? Can schools, educators, and advocates achieve Dewey’s democratic ideal?

Research Design:

Using critical race theory and critical studies of whiteness, we theoretically explore a new “constitution” for the state of education, specifically teacher education, in today’s climate to posit whether democratic education can truly exist in the midst of systemic racism.

Conclusion/Recommendations:

We consider examples from within both teacher education and U.S. society writ large to show associations among attitudes, dispositions, and ideologies as aligned with racialized whiteness and then offer more just recommendations for educators attempting to resist racism in order to create a more democratic educational space.