bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater vulnerability assessment in Portugal
Authors: Lobo Ferreira J.P. , Oliveira Manuel M.
Published: April 2023

Durante la década de los 70's y 80's el mapeo de vulnerabilidad acuífera en Portugal fue basado principalmente en la interpretación de la información geológica en términos de la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea ala contaminación. En 1987 un método paramétrico para la evaluación de Ia vulnerabilidad ala contaminación fue introducido por la EPA (el índice DRASTIC). En 1993 Portugal fue el primer estado de Ia Unión Europea en tener su territorio mapeado usando el índice DRASTIC (1 :500,000). Desde entonces varias aplicaciones del índice DRASTIC han sido hechas a diferentes escalas y usando diferentes fuentes de información base. El uso de diferentes fuentes de información, con diferente escala y algunas veces con diferente acercamiento, llevan a diferentes mapas finales de la misma área, como se muestra en este artículo de la península Setubal, al sur de Lisboa. Siguiendo el desarrollo de diferentes metodologías nuevas para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad acuífera, basadas en la caracterización de diferentes parámetros, una comparación de los resultados calculados con estas metodologías fue justificable. Con este propósito, una comparación entre los resultados de la aplicación de seis métodos de índices de vulnerabilidad (AVI, GOD, DRASTIC, SI, EPPNA y SINTACS) fue realizada para un sistema acuífero localizado cerca de Evora (Alentejo, Portugal). Al final de este articulo son presentadas conclusiones para futuras investigaciones sobre mapeos de vulnerabilidad.doi: sin doi
Aquifer pollution vulnerability in the Sorrento peninsula, southern Italy, evaluated by SINTACS method
Authors: Comiello Alfonso , Ducci Daniela , Maria Monti Gennaro
Published: April 2023

Un mapa de vulnerabilidad ala contaminación de las aguas subterráneas de los acuíferos de la península de Sorrento (Italia meridional), ha sido realizado mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). El método paramétrico SINTACS ha sido aplicado en esta área, esencialmente cárstica. Este método permitió una definición detallada de la vulnerabilidad, proporcionando un sistema especifico de ponderación en función de los contextos hidrogeológicos (cársticos, de fisuras y de poros). El mapa resultante evidencia que las características morfológicas y litológicas condicionan la vulnerabilidad ala contaminación.doi: sin doi
Mass movement processes at the Motozintla Basin, Chiapas, Southern Mexico
Authors: Sanchez-Nunez Juan Manuel , Macías José Luis , Zamorano-Orozco Jose Juan , Saucedo Ricardo , Novelo David
Published: April 2023

Uno de los principales desafíos que presentan las zonas montañosas es Ia identificación y predicción de áreas susceptibles a procesos de remoción en masa (PRM). Este es el caso de Ia cuenca de Motozintla, localizada en el sureste de Mexico, sobre Ia traza del sistema de fallas Polochic-Motagua en el estado de Chiapas. En Ia zona predominan rocas del Pérmico y Terciario, severamente afectadas por fallas, fracturas y un intenso intemperismo y erosión. Motozintla ha sido gravemente afectado por dos fenómenos hidrometeorológicos en 1998 y 2005. Para determinar las zonas peligrosas, propensas a sufrir procesos gravitacionales de remoción de masas en Ia cuenca, se realizó un mapeo geológico-estructural (1 :30,000) mediante fotointerpretación y técnicas de SIG. El inventario obtenido mostró 88 procesos cartografiables de remoción en masa, representados por avalanchas, caídas de roca, deslizamientos y flujos de escombros. Los procesos más peligrosos para Ia ciudad de Motozintla son los flujos de escombros, ya que estos Ia han impactado negativamente y ponen en riesgo a 23,755 habitantes. La zona noroeste de Ia cuenca es considerada como Ia mas vulnerable a sufrir procesos de remoción en masa, debido a que afloran rocas sumamente alteradas del Macizo de Chiapas y Ia Formación Todos Santos.doi: sin doi
Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Fault Diagnosis in Spur Gear
Authors: Shekapure Rajesh , Vekhande Sneha , Upadeshe Aniket , Kachave Vipul , Jadhav Akash
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Gear roll tester is used to measure and analyse accuracy and errors in spur gears. Gear testing is a technique that has been used in the gear industry to identify possible manufacturing defects in the design of the gear. It is a practical, fast, and effective screening tool that can identify when the gear manufacturing process has deviated from an targeted condition. Therefore, in the present paper it was decided to develop a gear roll tester to analyse effects of different types of defects in gear on its functional performance like run out, misalignments, profile errors, noise, vibration ,pitch errors and backlash,etc. This Gear tester is used to test the error in the gear. This Experimental setup Consisting of two spindles mounted on two carriages. One spindle mounted on fixed carriage and other on sliding carriage. one master gear is fixed in one spindle and another testing gear (faulty gear) is fixed in the second spindle. They can slide both side and these gears are mounted in mesh with each other by spring pressure. When the meshed gears are rotated, the moment of sliding carriage can be measured by the digital dial indicator. These values of variation are deflected by the dial indicator. The spindles can be adjusted so that axial distance is equal and scale is attached to one side. If errors occur in the tooth form moment of carriage due to the error in the pitch and tooth thickness. This moment is indicated in the dial gauge. And the vibration of this faulty gears can be shown by graphical representation using wax paper
Surgical outcome of lower limbs radiculopathy “due to degenerative lumbar canal stenosis” 12-24 months after decompression
Authors: Azeez Mohammed Nashaddin , Sami Hussain Ari
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Interlaminar decompression is a surgical procedure that decompresses the lumbar spinal canal in order to release neuro-vascular components that have been compromised by degenerative stenosis. It can significantly improve patient quality of life and reduce morbidity and the effects of lumbar canal stenosis.

Methods: A retrospective study of 57 patients, surgically operated for degenerative lumbar canal stenosis, at the Sulaymaniyah teaching hospital between Mar. 2018 and Mar. 2020.

Diagnosis was achieved via history and clinical examination and radiological imaging (Lumbo-sacral spine MRI).  Surgical procedure was standardized for all patients that was interlaminar decompression of the lumbar spinal canal, the postoperative follow up was after 12-24 months.

Results: In total, 57 patients with degenerative lumbar canal stenosis (due to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy) were included, male (26%) and female (74%), age of the cases were between 34 – 85 years, mean 57.39 and median 57 and standard deviation 10.96, there were no deference in the outcome of different ages and genders.

chief complain of patients were back pain and both lower limbs radiculopathy in the majority of the cases, associated with paresthesia and numbness of the lower limbs, which were improved modestly after surgical decompression.

Conclusion: Interlaminar decompression of the stenosed lumbar spinal canal is an effective and generally safe surgical procedure with high patient satisfaction and good functional outcomes expected.
Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Lavender cultivated in Tasmania and identifying its geographical and botanical origins
Authors: Yamani Hanaa Abbas
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This study compared the antimicrobial activity of lavender honey manufactured in Tasmania Australia with Manuka honey as a control.

Methods: Lavender essential oil also examined for antimicrobial activity. The volatile compounds were identified to find the bioactive compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity. Next, the volatile data of the Lavender honey and essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia cultivated in Tasmania, were used to indicate the geographical and botanical origins of the using head space solid-phase micro extraction (HS SPME) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).

 The antimicrobial activity of Lavender Honey and essential oil from Tasmania were examined using the broth micro-dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Bacteriostatic end points were determined spectrophotometrically, then bactericidal end points were determined by plating. Methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used in this study.

Results: Lavender honey showed similar, and in some bacterial species, slightly higher activity than Manuka honey. The MICs and MBCs for lavender honey ranged from 6.25% to 25% v/v compared to MICs of Manuka honey which ranged between 12.5% and 25% v/v. The MIC and MBC values of lavender honey and Manuka honey against P. aeruginosa were 12.5% v/v and 25% v/v respectively. The corresponding values for a methicillin-sensitive strain of S. aureus were 6.25% v/v and 12.5% v/v respectively. The MIC and MBC were the same for both honey for E. coli equal to 12.5 % v/v and for MRSA equal to 6.25 % v/v. The growth of S. aureus, including MRSA and E. coli completely inhibited by Lavender E. oil at concentrations of 2.25%. Whereas, the growth of P. aeruginosa partly inhibited by the same concentrations. Use of a spectrophotometer facilitated reading of MIC values.

Conclusion: These results suggest that lavender honey and essential oil could be used as an antimicrobial agent for infections caused by S. aureus including MRSA, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
Healthy diet and food system transformation in China
Authors: Yan Binjian , Wang Yiru , Zhou Yingheng
Published: April 2023

The Chinese food system has expanded its focus from aiming to solve food problems to tackling current health and environmental issues. The Chinese diet has increased in quantity and improved in safety, but there is still room for improvement in terms of health and sustainability. This study used Chinese dietary data provided by the Global Diet Database to analyze the changes in China’s dietary structure from 1990 to 2018 and highlight differences in urban and rural areas and across education levels. Findings show that the intake of food and beverage, macronutrients, and micronutrients in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. The difference in food and beverage intake between urban and rural areas is significant. The dietary gap between urban and rural areas has gradually widened. The difference in food and beverage and macronutrient intake across education levels is significant, but the difference in micronutrient intake is not significant. The gap in dietary structure across educational levels is relatively stable. These results indicate that the dietary structures of different groups in China are uncoordinated. We propose policies covering agricultural production, supply chain infrastructure, public institutions, education, and public awareness to build a sustainable food system with a healthy dietary pattern.
The STUDY OF RESISTANT EARTHHQUAKE BUILDING OF TIMBER ROOFS STRUCTURE AND ITS RETROFIT AND REDESIGN AFTER THE SEPTEMBER 28 2018 EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Sulendra Ketut
Published: April 2023

Palu’s Earthquake on 28 September 2018 had caused structural failure including buildings with wooden structures which were knew as an earthquake-resistant structures. This study will discuss existing building timber roofs structure were damaged after the earthquake, various and caused of the damaged. Existing and retrofitted timber rooss and alternatives design of the roofs structures will be compared. Retroffited timber roof, truss roof with 70x70x6 double angle and gable frame roof structure with WF 250x125 will be design with 15 m length span and 45° slope. Based on these data collected from initial assessment of that buildings, analysis was conducted. Detailed assessments were carried out, when analysis of the truss, frame and joint of roofs structures were needed. Results of the initial assessment of wooden structure, showed that damages occurred at the many joints of member joints and joint-connection between wall and truss as the poor connection system. Redesign showed were structural behavior of retrofitted timber roof, double angle truss roof and gable frame roof structure showed better strength, stiffness and ratio of member force to self-weight.
EVALUASI PENGARUH PERUBAHAN TATA GUNA LAHAN KOTA BELOPA TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN AIR IRIGASI D.I BAJO
Authors: Saiby Andi Muhammad Subhan
Published: April 2023

Kebutuhan air baku meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan berbanding terbalik dengan luas areal irigasi/sawah di daerah yang jumlah penduduknya meningkat. Daerah Irigasi Bajo (2006) sebesar 5784.73 Ha meliputi kecamatan Belopa, kecamatan Belopa Utara dan kecamatan Bajo mengalami pengurangan areal layanan akibat perluasan permukiman. Untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan air irigasi, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai perubahan luas areal layanan dan perubahan kebutuhan air irigasi. Analisa kebutuhan air irigasi dilakukan dengan memperhitungkan faktor-faktor berpengaruh, meliputi: kebutuhan air penyiapan lahan, penggunaan air konsumtif, perkolasi dan rembesan, penggantian lapisan air, curah hujan efektif dan yang paling utama adalah luas areal yang dilayani. Kebutuhan air irigasi DI. Bajo adalah 1,04 lt/det/ha (Cropwat 8.0) dan 1,41 lt/det/ha. Sejak tahun 1980-2018, pengurangan luas area sawah mencapai 249,58 ha, hal ini berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhan air irigasi, Sehingga terjadi kelebihan air sebesar 351,91 lt/det berdasarkan Cropwat 8.0 dan berdasarkan konsep awal 259,56 lt/det. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi bagi pemerintah dan pengambil kebijakan mengenai peruntukan lahan dan masukan kepada pengelola irigasi D.I. Bajo untuk optimalisasi pemanfaatan air.
Stability and Stabilizability Criteria of Nonlinear Interval Systems and Their Application in Electronic Circuits
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Xu Tiexiao , Zhong Linshan , Zhou Yuanrui
Published: April 2023

some new approaches for the stability and stabilizability determination
of nonlinear interval syst
Low-profile broadband circularly polarized heterogeneous dipole antenna with backed cavity
Authors: Han Min , Qin Yifeng , Wang Chengzi , Yang Tianqi
Published: April 2023

A broadband heterogeneous circularly polarized (CP) dipole antenna with
a backed cavity is presented in this letter. The proposed antenna
consists of a pair of rotational symmetric short-circuited heterogeneous
branches and a Γ-shaped feed structure. Each branch is designed to be
axe-shaped so that the antenna can achieve a broad 3dB axial ratio (AR)
bandwidth. The coupled feeding method assures the antenna is wideband,
and the shorting-to-the-ground technique miniaturizes the lateral
dimensions of the antenna. The profile of the proposed antenna is around
0.16λL (λL denotes the wavelength of the lower bound frequency). The
introduction of a back cavity effectively enhances the boresight gain
and improves the isolation level if the antenna is used to form an
array. Finally, the design is prototyped, and the measurement results
agree well with the simulation. The fractal -10 dB S11 bandwidth and 3dB
AR bandwidths are 54.3% (2.74-4.78 GHz) and 45.9% (3.15-5.03 GHz),
respectively. The antenna’s efficiency exceeds 91.5% over the target
frequency band.
Quantifying geomorphically effective floods using satellite observations of river mobility
Authors: Leenman Anya S , Slater Louise J. , Dadson Simon J , Wortmann Michel , Boothroyd Richard
Published: April 2023

Geomorphologists have long debated the relative importance of
disturbance magnitude, duration and frequency in shaping landscapes. For
river-channel adjustment during floods, some argue that cumulative flood
‘power’, rather than magnitude or duration, matters most. However,
studies of flood-induced river-channel change often draw upon small
datasets. Here, we combine Sentinel-2 imagery with flow data from
laterally-active rivers to address this question using a larger dataset.
We apply automated algorithms in Google Earth Engine to map rivers and
detect their lateral shifting; we generate a large dataset to quantify
channel change during 160 floods across New Zealand, Russia, and South
America. Widening during these floods is best explained by their
duration and cumulative hydrograph. We use a random forest regression
model to predict flood-induced channel widening, with potential
applications for hazard management. Ultimately, better global data on
sediment supply and caliber would help us to understand flood-driven
change to river planforms.
Direct observations of wave-sea ice interactions in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone
Authors: Wahlgren Stina , Thomson Jim , Biddle Louise C. , Swart Sebastiaan
Published: April 2023

Wave energy propagating into the Antarctic marginal ice zone affects the
quality and extent of the sea ice, and wave propagation is therefore an
important factor for understanding and predicting changes in sea ice
cover. Sea ice is notoriously hard to model and in-situ observations of
wave activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone are scarce, due to the
extreme conditions of the region. Here, we provide new in-situ data from
two drifting Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys
deployed in the Weddell Sea in the austral winter and spring in 2019.
The buoy location ranges from open water to more than 200 km into the
sea ice. We estimate the attenuation of swell with wave periods 8-18 s,
and find an attenuation coefficient  α = 4 ·
10 to 7 · 10
m in spring, and approximately five-fold larger in
winter. The attenuation coefficients show a power law frequency
dependence, with power coefficient 3.3 in spring and 4 in winter. The
in-situ data also shows a change in wave direction, where wave direction
tends to be more perpendicular to the ice edge farther into the sea ice.
A possible explanation for this might be a change in the dispersion
relation caused by changing sea ice composition. These observations can
help shed further light on the influence of sea ice on waves propagating
into the Marginal Ice Zone, aiding development of coupled wave-sea ice
models.
Anisotropic discrete boundary value problems
Authors: Hammouti Omar , Taarabti Said , Agarwal Ravi
Published: April 2023

For an anisotropic discrete nonlinear problem with variable exponent, we demonstrate both the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions in this study. The variational principle and critical point theory are the key techniques employed here.
Production of tib2 coatings on graphite substrates by electrophoretic deposition in NaF-AlF3 melt
Authors: Zhang Jun , Pang Jie , Jin Weiliang , Chu Shaojun , Haarberg Martin , Xiao Saijun
Published: April 2023

In this paper a novel method for fabrication of TiB2 coatings on graphite
substrates by electrophoretic deposition of TiB2 nanoparticles in NaF-AlF3
melt at 980?C has been explored. With an applied cell voltage of 1.2 V
(i.e. electric field 0.6 V/cm), a flat and dense TiB2 coating with a
thickness of around 50 ?m has been prepared. It was found that the surface
consisted of TiB2 flakes with a nanoscale size. In addition, the average
value of hardness of the TiB2 coating was determined as 3585 ? 139 HV0.1
(36.6 ? 1.4GPa) measured by a Vickers micro-hardness tester.
Effect of Al2O3 on migration and distribution of chromium and chromium fixation effect in stainless-steel slag glass-ceramics
Authors: Zhang Chuanbo , Tong Zhifang , Xu Congcong , Wang Jiaxing , Jia Zhiheng
Published: April 2023

Stainless-steel slag was used to prepare glass-ceramics, which could solidify
chromium (Cr) in the slag. The migration and distribution state of chromium
in the slag during the preparation of the glass-ceramics have a great
influence on the chromium fixation ability of the glass-ceramics. In this
paper, the effects of Al2O3 content in the glass-ceramics on the migration
and distribution of chromium during the nucleation and crystallization
steps, and on the chromium fixation effect of the glass-ceramics were
systematically studied. The results show that in the nucleation stage, with
the increase of Al2O3 content, the number of chromium spinel (Cr-spinel)
nanocrystals formed in the glass first increases and then decreases, and Cr
in the glass phase gradually migrates to Cr-spinel nanocrystals. TEM and XPS
analyses show that during crystallization, part of Cr in Cr-spinel diffuses
into diopside lattice, and the other part of Cr still exists in Cr-spinel
wrapped by diopside. Cr in the glass phase also diffuses and migrates into
the diopside lattice with the formation of diopside crystals. The optimal
Al2O3 content is 11.8wt.%, which results in 97.94wt.% of the total Cr being
fixed in the diopside crystalline phase. The ability of chromium fixation is
very high giving a very low Cr leaching concentration of 0.004mg/l. The
research results provide theoretical and technical support for increased
chromium fixation and realizing harmless and high-value utilization of
stainless-steel slag.
Effects of an Acidic Environment on the Strength and Chemical Changes of Resin-based Composites
Authors: Kang S , Cho B-H
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the aging effects of long-term exposure to acidic beverages on the flexural strength (FS) and chemical reactions of two resin-based composites (RBCs) and one giomer. The FS of composite specimen bars (2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm) was measured using a universal testing machine at various levels of thermocycling (TC; 0, 10,000, 50,000, and 100,000 cycles) in two beverages with different pH values (distilled water [DW], pH 7.0; Coca-Cola, pH 2.4-2.8). The FS data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance with the post hoc Tukey test and t-test at a significance level of a=0.05. In DW, the FS of an RBC and a giomer did not decrease until 10,000 cycles. The other RBC, Z250, decreased rapidly until 50,000 cycles (p<0.05), followed by no additional decrease until 100,000 cycles. In Coca-Cola, the FS of two RBCs and a giomer decreased more rapidly than in DW from 10,000 cycles (t-test, p<0.05). In Coca-Cola, the increased porosity observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the changes of the hydroxyl peak at 3340 cm−1 and ester peak at 1730-1700 cm−1 in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode (FTIR-ATR) spectra, and the continuous increase of the Si-O/Si-C peak height ratio from 10,000 cycles to 100,000 cycles in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested an increased loss of silane-carbon bond between the matrix and fillers of the Z250 RBC, compared to those in DW. In conclusion, when TC was performed in DW, unreacted monomers and a coupling agent were washed out, which caused porosity and reduced FS. In Coca-Cola, acidic conditions accelerated the removal of the matrix through the hydrolysis reaction at the ester groups, resulting in more porosity and a faster decrease in FS than in DW.
Radiopacity of Posterior Restorative Materials: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Balci M , Turkun LS , Boyacıoglu H , Guneri P , Ergucu Z
Published: April 2023

Background

The objective was to investigate the radiopacity of 11 commercial posterior restorative materials by establishing their mean gray values (MGVs) and comparing them with dental hard tissues.

Methods and Materials

Five-disc specimens were prepared for each of the following materials: Cerasmart 270 CAD/CAM block A3LT (CS), Amalgam (A), Ketac Molar A3 (KM), Cention-N A2 (CN), G-aenial Universal Flo AO2 (GO2) and A2 (G2), Ever-X Flow Dentine (EXD) and Bulk (EXB) shades, Equia Forte HT Fil A2 (EF2) and A3 (EF3), and Equia Fil A3 (E3). Freshly extracted maxillary premolar teeth were used as a control. The MGVs of specimens and a 10-step aluminum stepwedge (Al) were measured with Adobe Photoshop. ANOVA and Dunnett T3 tests were used to assess the significance of the differences (α=0.05).

Results

Statistically significant differences were revealed between some of the groups. Amalgam had the highest radiopacity. The radiopacity of dentin and CS were close to that of 1 mm Al. G2, KM, GO2, EXB, and EXD showed higher mean radiopacity than dentin. Enamel had a radiopacity equivalent to 2 mm Al. CN, EF2, and E3 had higher mean radiopacity than enamel.

Conclusions

All materials met the ISO requirements. Alkasite and reinforced glass ionomer restoratives demonstrated higher mean radiopacity than the posterior flowable composites. Material shades did not affect the radiopacity.
Teachers’ perceptions of letter learning among adults: The case of basic literacy education in Swedish for immigrants
Authors: Wedin Åsa , Shaswar Annika Norlund
Published: April 2023

This article sets out to examine teacher perceptions of letter learning in literacy programmes for L2-adults with limited earlier schooling, as demonstrated in their teaching. The theoretical frame is taken from New Literacy Studies, with literacy perceived as socially shared and organised. The study draws on occasions during lesson observations where teachers addressed the issue of coding and decoding of letters. Findings suggest that these teachers follow patterns that build on assumptions and traditions with roots in the teaching of L1 children and use the material that they have at hand. The teachers’ prosodic knowledge in relation to letters and spelling was insufficient. We argue that when teachers are not aware of the phonetic and phonological challenges facing adult L2 learners, they may not give students enough support in their development of early literacy skills. Although explicit letter teaching represents only a small part of overall teaching, if teachers miss out on phonetic and phonological knowledge, they may not be able to identify difficulties for students and may even create unnecessary stumbling blocks for them. We conclude that there is a strong need for the development of basic literacy education for L2-adults to include both teacher knowledge and teaching aids.
Natural Resources Utilization Comic Media Based on Local Wisdom: Mount Kelud Kediri
Authors: Aka Kukuh Andri , Aprilia Hesinta Mita , Permana Erwin Putera , Afandi Zainal
Published: April 2023

Social studies learning materials that utilize natural resources are minimal in learning media so student learning outcomes could be better. To overcome this problem, comic media based on the local wisdom of Mount Kelud has been developed. The purpose of developing comic media based on Mount Kelud Local Wisdom is to determine validity, effectiveness, and practicality. The research was conducted using R&D (Research and Development) research with the ADDIE development model. The research subjects were experts, teachers, and fourth-grade elementary school students. Collecting data using observation and questionnaire methods. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the quantitative analysis which is described qualitatively. The study results are that the average media validation results by media and material experts are 89%. The results of the effectiveness of using media through trials showed an increase in student learning outcomes reaching 87%. The average practicality results through teacher and student responses are 93%. Based on these results, the comic media based on the local wisdom of Mount Kelud that has been developed is valid, effective, and practical so that it is feasible to be used to support the learning process.
Cooperative Abilities and Cognitive Learning Outcomes: Study Group Investigation on Life Cycle Topic
Authors: Leasa Marleny , Marthina Eralisa Wuarlela
Published: April 2023

The cooperative ability and cognitive learning outcomes of students in Ambon City still need to improve. The results of students learning science evidence this. The solution that can be done is to use learning models that can stimulate the development of students' cooperative and cognition abilities, one of which is group investigation. This study aims to analyze the relationship between cooperative abilities and cognitive learning outcomes in science learning with the GI cooperative model. The type of research used is correlational, with a sample of 50 people. The data collection instruments used in this study included questionnaires on students' collaboration abilities and cognitive learning outcomes test instruments—data analysis using simple linear regression. The results showed the sufficient category was the relationship between cooperative abilities and students' cognitive learning outcomes in science content learning the life cycle material with the Group Investigation type cooperative model. It was also revealed that the contribution of the cooperative ability variable to cognitive learning outcomes proves that GI contributes to students' cooperative abilities and cognitive learning outcomes.
Dampak Pemberian Reward dan Reinforcement Negatif Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suoth Like , Mutji Elsye Jesti , Manutede Yusuf Zakaria
Published: April 2023

Proses pembelajaran yang monoton (tidak bervariasi) masih menjadi masalah klasik yang terjadi dalam dunia pendidikan saat ini. Akibatnya siswa bosan dan kehilangan fokus dalam belajar sehingga pembelajaran tidak efektif dan tujuan pembelajaran sulit tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pemberian reward dan reinforcement negatif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas V SD. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode esksploratif (ex post facto). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD GMIH Soasangaji Dim­Dim. Jumlah anggota populasi terdari 15 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel populasi, sehingga seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumblah 15 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pemberian reward terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas V SD. Hasil perhitungan SIJUVOH sebesar (0,161) lebih besar dari SUBCFM sebesar (0,049) maka dari itu hipotesis kerja diterima. Jadi, terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pemberian reinforcement negatif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas V SD. Hasil perhitungan ’IJUVOH sebesar (0,802) lebih besar dari ’UBCFM sebesar (0,576) maka dari itu hipotesis kerja diterima. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pemberian reward dan reinforcement negatif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas V SD.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL ALIGNED AND SKILLED LEARNING PADA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR STAH NEGERI MPU KUTURAN SINGARAJA
Authors: Wiguna I Komang Wahyu , Ni Putu Candra Prastya Dewi
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model aligned and skilled learning dilakukan dan menghasilkan sebuah buku referensi yang berjudul “Teori dan Aplikasi Model Aligend and Skilled Learning”. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan desain dan produk (design and development) dengan menggunakan Model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementatian, Evaluation). Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu tahap Analysis, Design dan Development. Tahap analisis (analysis) bertujuan untuk menganalisa perlunya pengembangan model pembelajaran. Tahap desain (design) yaitu merancang produk yang akan dibuat serta konten yang akan diisi (dalam hal ini konten buku). Tahap pengembangan (development) adalah proses mewujudkan blue-print atau desain menjadi sebuah produk. Pada tahap ini dilakukan dengan penyusunan buku mengenai model pembelajaran aligned and skilled. Kemudian tahap pengembangan dilanjutkan dengan uji validasi ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan Model Aligned and Skilled Learning dilakukan dengan metode R&D yakni jenis ADDIE yang menghasilkan sebuah buku referensi berjudul “Teori dan Aplikasi Model Aligend and Skilled Learning”. Validitas model aligned and skilled learning memiliki kategori baik dengan hasil analisis data uji validitas ahli bahasa memperoleh nilai rata-rata (mean) sebesar 2,6 yang berada pada kategori cukup baik dan hasil analisis data uji validitas ahli konten memperoleh nilai rata-rata (mean) sebesar 3,8 yang berada pada kategori sangat baik.
The Value of Solidarity in Learning Activities Integrated with Traditional Games
Authors: Minang Puri , Rustan Edhy , Hisbullah Hisbullah
Published: April 2023

The role of technology has affected the value of student solidarity, so it is necessary to integrate learning activities with traditional games. The purpose of this study was to formulate cooperative learning activities of the TGT type integrated with traditional fortification games to increase student solidarity's value. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this research were 20 students of class V. Data collection in the study was carried out using observation, interview, and documentation methods with research instruments in the form of interview guides, guidelines for observing the implementation of student solidarity values, and documentation of learning tools. The collected research data were analyzed thematically. The results show that the teacher's learning activities could be more optimal. Indicators of solidarity values,  togetherness, mutual respect, and helping each other have yet to be fulfilled properly. Cooperative learning of the TGT type is integrated with traditional games of fortifications, which should be carried out consisting of opening learning with religiously charged activities, providing apperception and motivation, conveying titles and subject material, dividing groups by suit, discussion, questions overtakes, evaluation of material, awarding, review, as well as providing reflection and motivation. The formulation of the TGT-type cooperative learning activities integrated with traditional fortification games can be a solution to increasing the value of student solidarity.
Digital Flash Card Media for Early Reading Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Nur Azmi Alwi  , Desi Aulia
Published: April 2023

Many students need to learn the letters correctly, often make mistakes in distinguishing letters that are almost similar in shape, have difficulty, and are not fluent in reading. For this reason, teachers need to develop learning media that can attract students' interest, are practical to use, digital-based, and are by student characteristics and technological developments so that learning to read becomes fun. This study aimed to develop digital Flash Card media in early reading learning in elementary schools. The subjects in this study were first-grade students, totaling 30 students. The research method used is the method of research and development or Research and Development (R&D). Data collection was carried out through interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the validation test for digital Flash Card media products by material experts was 87% in a very valid category. The assessment by media experts is 90% with a very valid category, and an evaluation by linguists is 89% with a very valid type. Furthermore, the results of observing trials using digital Flash Card media on a large scale for elementary school students obtained an average of 87.7% in the practical category. It was concluded that the development of digital Flash Card media met the valid, helpful, and effective criteria for learning to read in elementary schools.
Improving Social Skills of Elementary School Students by Using Umma Kalada's Indigenous Knowledge on Social Studies Topics
Authors: Delu Pingge Heronimus , Nana Supriatna  , Sapriya  , Abdul Azis Wahab
Published: April 2023

Students show non-cooperative attitudes, ridicule each other among students, do not listen to each other in group work and do not queue to collect assignments. It is what underlies this research. The local wisdom of the Umma Kalada, the indigenous people of Loura, contains the value of social skills as a guide to help students who are still weak in developing relationships with others. In order to improve the social skills of Class IVa SDK (Catholic Elementary School) students through applying Umma Kalada values. This study aims to analyze the value of social skills in Umma Kalada's local wisdom. The research design used was qualitative research using the collection action research method developed by Kemmis and Taggart. Action research was conducted in three cycles. Data collection techniques using non-test techniques and tests in the form of observation, learning achievement tests and interviews. The collected data is described, and conclusions are drawn. The results of this study found that applying Umma Kalada's local wisdom to social studies subjects in Class IV was able to improve student learning outcomes in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills.
Epizootological Data on Feline Panleukopenia in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kiselev A. M. , Scherbinin S. V. , Mannova M. S. , Galkina T. S.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. One of the diseases most frequently occurring in the representatives of the feline family (Felidae) is feline panleukopenia. Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious disease of viral etiology with high (up to 90%) mortality. It affects representatives of the feline as well as the raccoon (Procyonidae) and the kunih (Mustelidae) families.Despite the preventive measures taken, the virus continues to circulate actively in the population of susceptible animals.The aim of the work is to analyse the epizootic situation and to review the domestic and foreign scientific publications.Materials and methods. The data obtained from the record books of a number of veterinary clinics of the cities of Ivanovo and Vladimir on the primary veterinary outpatient visits of sick animals within the period from 2020 to 2022 has become the subject of the research. Additionally, the brief description of feline panleukopenia and the epizootological data referring to the various cities of the Russian Federation available in the similar publications for the period from 2012 to 2022 is provided in the article. The data from the foreign sources on seasonal manifestation of the disease is also presented.Results. The analysis of the feline panleukopenia epizootic situation in the certain districts of the cities of Ivanovo and Vladimir has been carried out. The data on the panleukopenia permanently adverse situation in a number of the Russian Federation cities has been obtained, its share among other nosological units in cats reaches 3.6-27%. The data analysis results for the Russian cities located in the various federal districts, as well as for the cities of Ivanovo and Vladimir, has shown that the feline panleukopenia cases detection throughout the country is subject to seasonality, the peaks of cases detection fall on spring-autumn. It has also been confirmed that the main age group susceptible to panleukopenia includes kittens under the age of one year (3-6 months old). The need for more comprehensive understanding of the disease epizootic situation is pointed out as well as the need for phylogenetic studies of the new feline panleukopenia virus isolates which would enable carrying out the efficient preventive measures.Discussion and conclusions. Understanding the real epizootic situation in the Russian Federation regions and obtaining the new isolates of the feline panleukopenia virus for diagnostic, production and control purposes will make it possible to determine more efficient measures for combating this infection.
Oocytes Development in Ixodid Tick of the Genus Dermacentor
Authors: Proskurin D. А. , Dilekova O. V.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Ixodid ticks are the carriers of many infectious and parasitic diseases. Transmissible tick-borne diseases include borreliosis, viral encephalitis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis, they can be dangerous for both humans and animals. Since the forest areas stopped being treated with pesticides, the reproduction of ixodid ticks became almost unregulated, and their population is constantly growing. In addition, ixodid ticks, the carriers of a number of dangerous anthropozoonosis, have high fecundity.Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the process of ectoparasites development, specifically, the dynamics of the oocytes maturation process in ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor. Materials and methods. The ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor were the object of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of the Chair “Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Expertise, Anatomy and Pathoanatomy named after Prof. S. N. Nikolsky” and the Scientific-Diagnostic and Medical Veterinary Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Stavropol State Agrarian University", as well as on the basis of veterinary clinics "Veterinary Center named after Pirogov” of the individual entrepreneur Zaichenko. The reproductive system of females served the material for the research. The females were treated and filled into paraffin according to the routine histological technique, afterwards the sections of 5-7 µm. thick were made. For routine examination, histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as by Mallory staining method. Microscopic examination of the histological sections of female ticks was carried out using the Olympus BX53 microscope (Japan) at 4×, 20×, 40×, 100× magnification.Results. The macroscopic examination of female ixodid ticks of the genus Dermacentor showed that ovary is an azygos, horseshoe-shaped organ to which oocytes are attached. It was observed that oocytes develop asynchronously. Immature oocytes predominated mostly in the distal part of the ovary, while mature — in the proximal. The oocytes of this species of tick are classified by five main stages of maturation and are described based on the cytoplasm external view, the presence of the germinal vesicle, the presence of yolk granules and the chorion formation, and the morphometric data. The process of oocytes maturation at different stages is not linear. During vitellogenesis, the active and verified dynamics of growth is recorded from I to V stage of oocytes development the increase of their size by 55 times is observed.Discussion and conclusions. In female ticks of the genus Dermacentor, maturation of oocytes goes through 5 stages. The process of oocytes maturation at different stages is not linear, since both mitotic and meiotic processes occur simultaneously in the ovary. At the same time, in the oocytes development the active verified dynamics of growth is recorded.
Self-Confidence in Metacognitive Processes in L2 Learning
Authors:   Teacher Training Faculty, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Gojkov-Rajić Aleksandra
Published: April 2023

The study aims to identify the role of self-confidence, meta-cognition, personality traits, and motivation (predictive variables) as factors of success in second language (L2) learning. It is assumed that there is a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process, which distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, and that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and has a significant role in the self-regulated motivation of gifted students. The results on the Language Proficiency Test are a criterion variable, while gender, residence in the country of the native speaker, duration of L2 learning, and average grade in studies are moderator variables. The sample is convenient, and consists of 460 students from the University of Novi Sad and the University of Belgrade. The research was carried out using a quantitative approach and a method of systematic non-experimental observation. The following instruments are used: the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitive Awareness Inventory, the Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory, the English Language Motivation Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the L2 Proficiency Test. The main findings confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process that distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, as well as that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and plays an important role in the self-regulated motivation of the gifted. This confirms the significance of self-confidence in self-regulation and provides an indirect role in L2 learning achievements. Students should be aware of meta-cognitive processes and try to self-regulate their knowledge and learning strategies.
The School of Athens, the Philosophical Artwork that Conveys All Human Knowledge
Authors:   Albanian University, Faculty of Social Science, Department of Education and English Tirana, Albania, Kurti Bledar , Iseni Arburim ,   State University of Tetovo, Faculty of Philology, Department of English Language and Literature Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia
Published: April 2023

The School of Athens, the fresco by Raphael, is an artwork in which the whole world has seen for five centuries, not only the aesthetic, emotional and spiritual aspect of art, but also the philosophical and intellectual one. In this fresco Raphael painted the human mind. This work is a holistic variation of cultural anthropology and cultural cognitive science. It is a university in which all human knowledge is summoned. Raphael combined paganism and humanism within the Vatican premises. Making this fresco a significant work, reflecting and conveying the core cultural values and universal ideals, offering an excellent opportunity for any viewer to engage in a multicultural cognitive act and process. This paper presents how this multi-dimensional and multi-disciplinary work serves as an ideal example for today’s works and philosophy to connect all creative and philosophical disciplines into one, inspiring today’s thought and the new works of creative arts to contain the human knowledge of the ages, uniting the past and future, as a meeting point of history, reason, discovery and human aspirations. It will present how this complex artwork includes knowledge, philosophy, art, morals, customs, etc, acquired by any member of society to understand human cultural cognition.