bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare hemodialysis vascular access complication—Internal jugular vein reflux
Authors: Xiong Xiaowei , Zhang Hongxia
Published: January 2024

Hemodialysis (HD) arteriovenous fistulas commonly present with late vascular access complications, but are rarely in association with internal jugular vein (IJV) reflux. We reported two patients who had severe and mild IJV reflux, respectively. Case 1 was a 48‐year‐old male with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) who had been treated with HD for 5 years. He presented with persistent headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Combined with all the examinations, it was revealed severe IJV reflux, brachiocephalic vein stenosis, high‐flow vascular access, and IJV valve dysfunction. Case 2 was a 59‐year‐old female with ESRD who had constructed an AVF for 4 months and had been on HD for only 1 day. She presented with dizziness and nausea after the first hemodialysis and duplex ultrasonography showed slightly continuous IJV reflux, high‐flow vascular access, and IJV valve dysfunction. Furthermore, we reviewed 16 case reports to identify the characteristics of IJV reflux in HD patients. IJV reflux in HD patients may be caused by high‐flow access, central venous stenosis or occlusion, and valve dysfunction. Severe IJV reflux can develop neurological symptoms secondary to intracranial venous reflux in this article. Etiological treatment is helpful for these patients, but there is a risk of recurrence.
Mouse models for inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders
Authors: Thöny Beat , Ng Joanne , Kurian Manju A. , Mills Philippa , Martinez Aurora
Published: January 2024

Several mouse models have been developed to study human defects of primary and secondary inherited monoamine neurotransmitter disorders (iMND). As the field continues to expand, current defects in corresponding mouse models include enzymes and a molecular co‐chaperone involved in monoamine synthesis and metabolism (PAH, TH, PITX3, AADC, DBH, MAOA, DNAJC6), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor synthesis and recycling (adGTPCH1/DRD, arGTPCH1, PTPS, SR, DHPR), and vitamin B6 cofactor deficiency (ALDH7A1), as well as defective monoamine neurotransmitter packaging (VMAT1, VMAT2) and reuptake (DAT). No mouse models are available for human DNAJC12 co‐chaperone and PNPO‐B6 deficiencies, disorders associated with recessive variants that result in decreased stability and function of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and decreased neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively. More than one mutant mouse is available for some of these defects, which is invaluable as different variant‐specific (knock‐in) models may provide more insights into underlying mechanisms of disorders, while complete gene inactivation (knock‐out) models often have limitations in terms of recapitulating complex human diseases. While these mouse models have common phenotypic traits also observed in patients, reflecting the defective homeostasis of the monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, they also present with disease‐specific manifestations with toxic accumulation or deficiency of specific metabolites related to the specific gene affected. This review provides an overview of the currently available models and may give directions toward selecting existing models or generating new ones to investigate novel pathogenic mechanisms and precision therapies.
Deep Learning Algorithm of the SPARCC Scoring System in SI Joint MRI
Authors: Lin Yingying , Cao Peng , Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Lee Kam Ho , Lau Vince Wing Hang , Chung Ho Yin
Published: January 2024

Background

The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scoring system is a sacroiliitis grading system.

Purpose

To develop a deep learning‐based pipeline for grading sacroiliitis using the SPARCC scoring system.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

The study included 389 participants (42.2‐year‐old, 44.6% female, 317/35/37 for training/validation/testing). A pretrained algorithm was used to differentiate image with/without sacroiliitis.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence, fast spine echo.

Assessment

The regions of interest as ground truth for models' training were identified by a rheumatologist (HYC, 10‐year‐experience) and a radiologist (KHL, 6‐year‐experience) using the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society definition of MRI sacroiliitis independently. Another radiologist (YYL, 4.5‐year‐experience) solved the discrepancies. The bone marrow edema (BME) and sacroiliac region models were for segmentation. Frangi‐filter detected vessels used as intense reference. Deep learning pipeline scored using SPARCC scoring system evaluating presence and features of BMEs. A rheumatologist (SCWC, 6‐year‐experience) and a radiologist (VWHL, 14‐year‐experience) scored using the SPARCC scoring system once. The radiologist (YYL) scored twice with 5‐day interval.

Statistical Tests

Independent samples t‐tests and Chi‐squared tests were used. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson coefficient evaluated consistency between readers and the deep learning pipeline. We evaluated the performance using sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and Dice coefficient. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The ICC and the Pearson coefficient between the SPARCC scores from three readers and the deep learning pipeline were 0.83 and 0.86, respectively. The sensitivity in identifying BME and accuracy of identifying SI joints and blood vessels was 0.83, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively. The dice coefficients were 0.82 (sacrum) and 0.80 (ilium).

Data Conclusion

The high consistency with human readers indicated that deep learning pipeline may provide a SPARCC‐informed deep learning approach for scoring of STIR images in spondyloarthritis.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
“It doesn't make sense to stick with old patterns”: How leaders adapt their behavior to foster inclusion in a disruptive context
Authors: Beijer Susanne E. , Knappert Lena , Stephenson Kathleen A.
Published: January 2024

Leader behavior is essential for creating inclusive organizations. The disruptive context of the COVID‐19 pandemic forced many people to work remotely and leaders to cope with the disruption of their teams' workflows and work arrangements. However, fixed sets of leader behavior as well as stable and shared physical contexts are implicit assumptions in current knowledge and theorizing on inclusive leadership. Therefore, in this study, we first synthesize inclusive leadership literature with leader adaptability and context‐sensitive leadership studies. Next, drawing on 47 interviews with leaders and their followers, we unravel how the enactment of aspired inclusive leadership behaviors was hampered due to the pandemic‐related disruption, and explain how leaders adjusted their inclusive behaviors in response to these difficulties. From these findings, we develop a model that suggests rather than a static set of inclusive leader behaviors, inclusive leadership is enacted through the continuous adjustment on leaders' perceptions of the context and followers' feelings of inclusion.
Impact of land use history and soil properties on soil mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) inhabiting stands growing on post‐agricultural land
Authors: Malica Jacek , Rączka Grzegorz , Turczański Krzysztof , Andrzejewska Agnieszka , Skorupski Maciej , Urbanowski Cezary K. , Kamczyc Jacek
Published: January 2024

Decades of agriculture in a former—type of ecosystem, for example, deciduous forests—result in severe habitat degradation. The planted tree species encounter harsh conditions due to physically and chemically transformed soil environments. In addition, afforestation itself significantly modifies the upper soil horizons. It may impact the soil fauna communities, including mites from the Mesostigmata order (Mesostigmata = Gamasida). Due to their sensitivity, mesostigmatid mites are good bioindicators of changes in the soil. A decrease in the density, species richness, and diversity of mites indicates disturbances in the soil environment and may confirm the impact of agricultural practice on the soil environment. Our research aim was to examine the impact of soil properties and land use history on the mesostigmatid mite communities in stands growing on forest and post‐agricultural lands. These sites were afforested with different tree species (Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Pinus sylvestris L., and Quercus robur L.). Thus, 21 research plots were established on forest and post‐agricultural land, each on rusty soils considered to be one of the most common in Central European forests. We collected a total of 567 soil samples during three sampling sessions in spring and autumn for soil Mesostigmata investigation. We also described the soil profile on each plot and collected soil and litter samples to measure pH, litter thickness, soil organic matter, bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and elements content. Our study revealed that 16 out of 30 environmental parameters differed between habitat types. A total of 1355 mites were classified into 58 taxa (50 species and 8 genera). The most numerous species were Veigaia nemorensis (165 ind.; 12.2% of all mesostigmatid mites), Zercon peltatus (156; 11.5%), and Paragamasus conus (141; 10.4%). The highest abundance was recorded in birch stands on forest land, whereas the lowest abundance for oak stands growing on post‐agricultural land. Interestingly, in oak stands we recorded both the highest diversity of mite communities (forest land) and the lowest on post‐agricultural land. Furthermore, our study showed that post‐agricultural land and Na content in forest litter affected the abundance, species richness, and diversity of mesostigmatid mite communities. Species richness was additionally affected by tree species, that is, pine and oak. Our research indicated that long‐term agricultural practice negatively affected the density, species richness, and diversity of Mesostigmata communities 20 years after afforestation.
Hierarchical van der Waals Assemblies to Boost Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear‐Optical Capabilities in Boron Phosphate
Authors: Liu Fan , Li Shihang , Lin Zheshuai , Kang Lei
Published: January 2024

Cristobalite‐type boron phosphate BPO4, an important nonlinear‐optical (NLO) crystal, exhibits nearly the largest bandgap (Eg ≈ 9.3 eV) and a significant second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) effect (d36 ≈ 0.7 pm V−1) in the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV, < 200 nm) spectral region. However, its conventional tetrahedral framework structure tends to have low structural anisotropy, resulting in a severe deficiency of birefringence (Δn < 0.01), which fails to achieve DUV birefringent phase matching. In this work, the local anisotropy of tetrahedral structures are proposed to enlarge by constructing van der Waals (vdW) anisotropic motifs under synthetic chemical conditions, which can effectively convert unattainable extreme external forces into internal stresses in chemical bond structures. Depending on unique hierarchical vdW assemblies, enormous tetrahedral distortions can be achieved by stable in‐plane or in‐line bond matching between rigid tetrahedral primitives. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that the birefringence of 2D layered and 1D chained BPO4 achieved by vdW engineering are scaled from Δn < 0.01 to 0.07–0.13, with the shortest birefringent phase‐matched wavelengths down to DUV 189–154 nm. The finding is of seminal importance for the design of vdW NLO crystals in structural chemistry and would provide opportunities to explore unique vdW DUV NLO materials under extreme synthetic conditions.
Simulation of all‐optical NOR gate design with improved extinction ratio using semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Vadukanathan Anusooya , Suyambragasam Gobalakrishnan , Sivaraj Ponmalar , Kasiviswanathan Manikandan Moola Seetharamaier
Published: January 2024

Optical computers, leveraging the advantages of light characteristics, hold the potential to outperform electronic computers significantly. The role of all‐optical logic gates is pivotal in realizing such high‐performance computing systems. This research introduces a streamlined design for an all‐optical NOR logic gate utilizing a semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed gate operates at a remarkable data rate of 40 Gbps, achieving an excellent extinction ratio of 20.285 dB. Notably, the design exhibits very low dispersion (−0.029 × 10+006 ps/nm) and an impressively low bit error rate of 4.27 × 10−26.
Stochastic finite element modeling of heterogeneities in massive concrete and reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Ghannoum Maria , Baroth Julien , Millard Alain , Rospars Claude
Published: January 2024

The lifespan of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure can be greatly influenced by the spatial variability of its material characteristics which, in particular, explains the observed or measured reduction of the tensile strength at first crack when the volume under tension increases. This paper discusses the ability of accounting for the spatial variability of the tensile strength of concrete in RC structures using a stochastic finite element (SFE) method based on random field simulations. In this work, the generation of random fields on the concrete tensile strength aims at computing the force corresponding to the first crack occurrence, and the reduced tensile strength of the structure. The method can be applied in particular to large‐sized structures, which show a pronounced size effect, for different types of loading. The method consists of, first, estimating the mean of the random field, using the analytical approach of the weakest link and localization method (WL ). Then, the discretized random field is defined on a particular 2D or 3D grid, and it is finally projected on the finite element mesh of the studied structure. The study of the parameters that influence the prediction of the cumulative density functions (CDFs) of the rupture force or the tensile strength is highlighted using experimental series of concrete beams having different volumes and subjected to 4‐point bending loading. Moreover, the SFE method is applied to a RC tie‐beam under tensile loading, characterized by a weak stress gradient, which complicates the prediction of crack positions.
Pediatric Down Syndrome Upper Airway Stimulation: Patient Selection and Post‐Implantation Optimization
Authors: Chieffe Doug , Baldassari Cristina M. , Friedman Norman , Smith David , Heubi Christine , Hartnick Christopher
Published: January 2024

Objective

The Food and Drug Administration recently approved upper airway stimulation (UAS) for children with Down Syndrome and persistent obstructive sleep apnea who meet certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Although there is a robust experience with this therapy in the adult population, established protocols used in adults are not directly transferrable to a complex pediatric population. This review aims to combine the protocols from several institutions for patient selection and postimplantation optimization, including a protocol for Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy in children with Down Syndrome, preactivation threshold measurements, device titration, and follow‐up sleep studies.

Study Design

Expert panel development of best Practice algorithm.

Setting

Multi‐institutional investigator review.

Methods

An expert panel was assembled of pediatric otolaryngologists with extensive experience in hypoglossal nerve stimulation in children with Down Syndrome. Thirty statements were created during an initial drafting session. A modified Delphi method was used assess consensus among the panel.

Results

After 2 rounds of Delphi surveys, 29 statements met criteria for consensus. One statement did not meet consensus. The statements were grouped into several categories to facilitate presentation.

Conclusions

A standardized approach to UAS for children with Down Syndrome must take into account the unique challenges inherent to treating a complex pediatric population with a high rate of sensory processing disorders. This expert panel has met consensus on several statements that will guide clinicians as this novel therapy is adopted.
CYTOP® 366: A Tertiary Phosphine Inaccessible by Most Traditional Hydrophosphination Methods
Authors: Amoroso Dino , Dyck Jeff , Jackson Andrew , Humeniuk Michael , Kendrick Eleanor , Melaragni Angelo , Moser Michael , Wiater‐Protas Izabela , Zavorine Serguei , Markham Jade
Published: January 2024

Homogenous catalysis is an essential tool within the commercial manufacture of bulk and fine chemicals. Within this, phosphine ligands, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, otherwise known as CYTOP® 366, are a crucial component. When designing a pathway to your ligand of choice, some key considerations include safety, yield and quality, but at commercial volumes we must also balance cost and consider the technologies readily available. Herein, we report the synthetic route that was chosen to manufacture tricyclohexylphosphine at commercial scale. We also consider, with the use of computational calculations, why traditional hydrophosphination methods failed, where the selected pathway succeeded.
Effect of Kigelia pinnata biochar inclusion on mechanical and thermal properties of curtain climber fiber reinforced epoxide biocomposites
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Arun A. , Rajkumar K. , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan
Published: January 2024

This article explored the influence of curtain climber fiber and Biochar derived from Kigelia pinnata fruit fiber on a polyepoxide‐based composite material's thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and mechanical properties. Before commencing the composite production process, the surface of the curtain climber fiber underwent treatment with a solution consisting of 5% silane to enhance the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. The hand layup method and compression molding were used to produce the composite panels and tested according to the appropriate standards set by the ASTM. According to these findings, the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced by adding 30% curtain climber fiber and 5% biochar. The load distribution on the fiber was consistent throughout. The composite's highest strength (EFB3) was 183 MPa, its modulus was 5.9 GPa, and its flexural strength and modulus were 216 MPa and 6.1 GPa, respectively. The impact intensity is 8 J, and the hardness value is 95 on the Shore D scale. In addition, the EFB3 had a maximum interlaminar shear strength of 35 MPa. According to the findings of the SEM surface analysis, the matrix molecules exhibit adhesion to the fiber, which indicates increased bonding. The thermal conductivity and dielectric properties were high for composite with higher biochar particle content. These waste biomass‐converted fruit fiber biochar and curtain climber industrial crop fiber epoxide composite materials may be utilized in a variety of sectors, including aerospace, automotive, household domestic product manufacturing, and defense sectors.

Highlights

Extraction and silane treatment of curtain climber fiber.

Producing biochar from waste biomass Kigelia pinnata fiber.

Fabrication of polyepoxide composite.

Siloxane layer improves the strength.

Biochar improves the properties of composites.
Surface modification of GO/PVDF composite membrane by MXene/protonated g‐C₃N₄ nanosheets hybrids with improved dye separation and antifouling properties
Authors: Ostovar Abdollah , Tarkhani Mehdi , Mousavi Seyyed Abbas , Asadollahi Mahdieh
Published: January 2024

Graphene oxide‐polyvinylidene composite membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion technique. Then, GO‐PVDF membrane with highest water flux was achieved via surface modification with 2‐D MXene and 2‐D MXene /protonated 2‐D g‐C₃N₄ nanosheets hybrid via vacuum filtration of an aqueous dispersion of MXene and MXene‐protonated g‐C₃N₄ nanosheets hybrid, respectively, on GO‐PVDF membrane support to improve filtration efficiency and antifouling properties. The membranes were designated as MXene/GO‐PVDF (M2) and MXene‐protonated g‐C₃N₄/GO‐PVDF(M3). XRD, SEM, and FTIR analysis were used for characterization. The results showed that the performance of both MXene /GO‐PVDF and MXene‐ Pg‐C₃N₄/GO‐PVDF membranes was improved significantly in removing cationic dyes, unlike anionic pigments. Also, the resistance of these membranes against fouling has improved. The MXene‐ Pg‐C₃N₄/GO‐PVDF shows a significant enhancement in the removal of crystal violet (CV) cationic dye (100%) compared to the pristine membrane (84%) after 4 h of the filtration process. Tests also were performed to remove another two cationic dyes Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB), and an anionic dye Methyl‐orange. The anionic dye separation rate from the stream did not show significant improvement while cationic dyes show significant enhancement in separation efficiencies. Modified membranes exhibit an enhancement of fouling resistance properties compared to pristine membranes.

Highlights

The water contact angle decreased from 71 to 45, which means hydrophilicity improved successfully.

Membrane fouling resistance was improved around 15%–20%.

PVDF membrane was prepared and graphene oxide was added to the matrix to modify the bulk properties.

MXene and C3N4 were synthesized successfully.

Surface modification of the PVDF membrane was successful by MXene and C3N4.
Der doppelte Überflieger
Authors: Asmus Jörg
Published: January 2024

Für Wettervorhersagen, Umwelt‐ und Klimaüberwachung werden grundsätzlich zwei unterschiedliche Satellitentypen genutzt: geostationäre und niedrig fliegende Satelliten. Letztere bewegen sich in nur 800 bis 850 km Höhe nahe an den beiden Polen vorbei in einer sonnensynchronen Bahn. Ab 2025 ersetzt die europäische Organisation Eumetsat hierfür die aktuellen Metop‐Satelliten des Eumetsat Polar Systems (EPS) durch die Metop Second Generation (Metop‐SG). Metop‐SG wird aus jeweils zwei Satelliten bestehen. Metop‐SG A hat bildgebende Instrumente für das sichtbare Spektrum, Infrarot und Mikrowellen an Bord. Ebenfalls ein bildgebendes Mikrowelleninstrument sowie Radarinstrumente befinden sich an Bord von Metop‐SG B. Die neuen Satelliten werden wesentlich detailliertere Informationen für Meteorologie, Klimatologie und Umweltüberwachung liefern. Metop‐SG A1 soll Anfang 2025 gestartet werden, Metop‐SG B1 Ende 2025.
Kettenreaktion im Schaum
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: January 2024

Beim Platzen von Seifenblasen zurückschnellende Tropfen zerschießen weitere Blasen und führen zu einem exponentiellen Anschwellen des Zerstörungswerks.
Unveiling the intersections between tourism industry and student mobility
Authors: Malet Calvo Daniel , Nofre Jordi , Fuarros Íñigo Sánchez
Published: January 2024

Previous studies have shown how student circuits of consumption are mediated by the interest of commercial actors. However, little attention has been paid to the connections between international student stays and the tourism sector: how they intersect with each other? Our fieldwork in Lisbon (Portugal) showed the central role of student organizations in commercializing the leisure time of international students, approaching them to ‘circuits of travel’ and consumption populated also by tourists. Filling a gap in the literature, we conceptualize international students as consumers surrounded by entertainment industries, pointing out the centrality of touristic infrastructures and destination marketing in articulating their stays. Therefore, we argue that these organizations, in their partnership with tourism and leisure sectors, are contributing to the socio‐spatial segregation between local and international students.
Pulmonary vascular dysfunction without pulmonary hypertension: A distinct phenotype in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Nathan Steven D. , Tehrani Benham , Zhao Qiong , Arias Rafael , Kim Dennis , Pellegrini Antonia , Collins Ashley Claire , Diviney Jack , Chakravorty Shourjo , Khangoora Vikramjit , Shlobin Oksana A. , Thomas Christopher , Lavon Ben R. , King Christopher S. , Chandel Abhimanyu
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in the absence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We describe the prevalence and etiology of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) without PH among patients with IPF. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and functional respiratory imaging (FRI) data was compared between patients with IPF without PH with normal (<3 wood units) and elevated PVR (≥3 wood units). Mortality between these two groups were compared to patients with IPF and PH. Of 205 patients with IPF, there were 146 patients without PH, of whom 114 (78.1%) had a normal PVR and 32 (21.9%) who had a high PVR. Functional testing and hemodynamics were similar in the two groups, except for the cardiac index which was significantly lower in patients with a high PVR (2.3 vs. 2.6 L/min/m2; p = 0.004). Echocardiographic comparison demonstrated a higher tricuspid regurgitant velocity in those with a high PVR (3.4 vs 3.0 m/s; p = 0.046). FRI revealed proportionately fewer large vessels as a proportion of the vasculature in the patients without PH and elevated PVRs. Among patients without PH, PVR was associated with increased mortality. In conclusion, patients with IPF without PH but a high PVR appear to be a distinct phenotype with a prognosis between those with and without PH, likely reflecting the continuum of vascular dysfunction. The basis for this unique hemodynamic profile could not be definitively discerned although FRI suggested an aberrant anatomical vascular response.
CS1, a controlled‐release formulation of valproic acid, for the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Rationale and design of a Phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Benza Raymond L. , Adamson Philip B. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Frick Fredrik , Olsson Gunnar , Bergh Niklas , Dahlöf Björn
Published: January 2024

Although rare, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with substantial morbidity and a median survival of approximately 7 years, even with treatment. Current medical therapies have a primarily vasodilatory effect and do not modify the underlying pathology of the disease. CS1 is a novel oral, controlled‐release formulation of valproic acid, which exhibits a multi‐targeted mode of action (pulmonary pressure reduction, reversal of vascular remodeling, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrotic, and anti‐thrombotic) and therefore potential for disease modification and right ventricular modeling in patients with PAH. A Phase 1 study conducted in healthy volunteers indicated favorable safety and tolerability, with no increased risk of bleeding and significant reduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. In an ongoing randomized Phase 2 clinical trial, three doses of open‐label CS1 administered for 12 weeks is evaluating the use of multiple outcome measures. The primary endpoint is safety and tolerability, as measured by the occurrence of adverse events. Secondary outcome measures include the use of the CardioMEMS™ HF System, which provides a noninvasive method of monitoring pulmonary artery pressure, as well as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. Other outcomes include changes in risk stratification (using the REVEAL 2.0 and REVEAL Lite 2 tools), patient reported outcomes, functional capacity, 6‐min walk distance, actigraphy, and biomarkers. The pharmacokinetic profile of CS1 will also be evaluated. Overall, the novel design and unique, extensive clinical phenotyping of participants in this trial will provide ample evidence to inform the design of any future Phase 3 studies with CS1.
A rare case of scimitar syndrome with pulmonary arterial hypertension in an adult female
Authors: Liu Yang , Ruan Weiliang , Li Ziye , Wang Hua , Chen Shenghai , Ding Yuhong , Jin Jianfeng
Published: January 2024

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old female who presented with cough and dyspnea and was diagnosed with scimitar syndrome and pulmonary arterial hypertension based on comprehensive imaging and hemodynamic evaluation. This case highlights the importance of considering scimitar syndrome as a cause of pulmonary hypertension even in adult patients.
Estimates of congenital cytomegalovirus‐attributable infant mortality in high‐income countries: A review
Authors: Grosse Scott D. , Fleming Patrick , Pesch Megan H. , Rawlinson William D.
Published: January 2024

As many as 5%–10% of infants with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disease, or 0.4%–0.8% of all liveborn infants with cCMV infection, die in early infancy in high‐income countries. However, estimates are uncertain due to several potential biases that can result from data limitations and study designs. First, infants with cCMV infections who die prior to diagnosis, which usually occurs at 1–4 weeks after birth, may be excluded from both the count of deaths and the denominator of cCMV births, resulting in left truncation and immortal time biases. These ‘biases’ are features of the data and do not reflect bias on the part of researchers, but understanding the potential existence of threats to validity can help with interpretation of findings. Left truncation of infant deaths occurring prior to diagnosis of cCMV can result in understatement of the burden of infant deaths due to cCMV. Conversely, overestimation of infant deaths associated with symptomatic cCMV may occur in clinical case series owing to greater representation of relatively severely affected infants owing to ascertainment and referral biases. In this review, we summarise the characteristics of 26 studies that reported estimates of cCMV‐associated infant deaths, including potential biases or limitations to which those estimates may have been subject. We discuss study designs whose implementation might generate improved estimates of infant deaths attributable to cCMV. More complete estimates of the overall public health impact of cCMV could inform current and future screening, prevention, and vaccine research.
Improved dissipativity‐based analysis and synthesis of T‐S fuzzy systems with aperiodic memory sampled‐data controllers via an augmented looped‐functional
Authors: Liu Yun‐Fan , Zhang Chuan‐Ke , Fan Yu‐Long , Chen Wen‐Hu , Shangguan Xing‐Chen
Published: January 2024

The dissipativity‐based analysis and synthesis issues of Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems by applying aperiodic memory sampling control are investigated in this paper. Compared with the more conservative dissipative conditions and controller design methods proposed in the past based on Lyapunov theory, the main purpose of this paper is to obtain a less conservative dissipative criterion and devise an aperiodic memory sampled‐data controller. Firstly, the sampling controller is assumed to work in aperiodic sample mode, and the time delay in the communication network is considered. Next, an augmented delay‐product‐type looped‐functional is proposed such that the whole information of sampling and delay, which has not been studied before, is well taken into account. A new dissipative criterion and an aperiodic sampled‐data control strategy are proposed by applying free‐matrix‐based integral inequalities consequently. Finally, a truck‐trailer system is implemented to elaborate the availability and the merit of the designed strategy.
The role of internet media effects in the sustainable development of animal conservation institutions during the post‐pandemic era: Stimulus‐organism‐response paradigm
Authors: Hsiao Chun‐Hua , Tang Kai‐Yu
Published: January 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has led cities worldwide to implement lockdowns and stay‐at‐home orders, which has caused a sudden cessation of revenue generation from ticket sales at animal conservation institutions. Accordingly, the cost of feeding and caring for the animals remains unsustainable, and the threat of another outbreak and lockdowns lingers. To this end, the present study investigates the effectiveness of internet media for the sustainable development of animal conservation institutions (e.g., zoos) in the post‐pandemic era. A total of 321 actual visitors' responses were collected through an online survey, and PLS‐SEM was used for the data analysis. The stimulus‐organism‐response (S‐O‐R) theory was used as the framework to explore the effects of content characteristics and internet celebrities in animal conservation institutions on visitors' internal mechanisms and their behavioral responses. Stimulus factors were internet content characteristics and animal celebrities' attributes. Organism factors included visitors' internal mechanisms, such as the attitude toward the ecological environment, trust, and hedonic values. Critical behavioral responses of subscribing to the official channels, visiting the institutions, and making donations were considered. The findings confirm the influence of internet media (content attributes and celebrity attributes) as an antecedent to individual organisms, which in turn leads to spillover effects such as donations. Implications for academic research and practice are provided.
Fostering sustainable practices in Zimbabwean tourism for firewood energy sustainability and efficiency amid costly renewables, weak policies, scarce electricity, and extensive deforestation
Authors: Chiwaridzo Option Takunda
Published: January 2024

Against the backdrop of Zimbabwe's captivating tourism landscapes and cultural heritage, energy sustainability challenges loom large. The paper investigates multifaceted relationship between, three independent variables: (reforestation program and funding, invasive tree species use, efficient cookstove adoption), one mediator: (green tourism supply chain behavior) and one dependent variable: (firewood energy sustainability). A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 483 tourists using simple random sampling and the Krejcie and Morgan table for determining the sample size. Questionnaires were distributed via Google forms, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis. Statistical findings indicate direct and indirect significant relationship between aforementioned variables and T‐statistics values all hypotheses were all greater than the threshold of 1.96. Ranging from a minimum of 2.515 to a maximum of 15.779. The findings pinpoint the importance of an integrated approach in Zimbabwe's tourism supply chain so as to address firewood energy sustainability and efficiency challenges stemming from costly renewables, weak policies, scarce electricity, and extensive deforestation. The study recommends tourism supply chain and policymakers to implement regulations on invasive species, offer incentives for technology adoption, practice and monitor green tourism supply chain practices within Zimbabwean tourism. The study's recommendations contribute to the ongoing discourse on fostering responsible energy practices within the tourism sector, aligning with global sustainability goals and future policy considerations.
Molybdenum Based Manganese Oxides as Optoelectronic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Structural & Optical Characterization
Authors: Kausar Samia , Altaf Ataf Ali , Hamayun Muhammad , Tariq Muhammad Ikram , Shahbaz Waqas , Shoukat Hamza , Hamza Muhammad , Iqbal Shagufta
Published: January 2024

This work reports the synthesis of molybdenum based manganese oxide nanomaterials named as (CH1‐CH5) via a facile hydrothermal approach. Nanomaterials were characterized through Powder XRD, SEM, BET, UV‐Vis, Photoluminescence, and FTIR analysis. Structural characterization revealed triclinic crystal structure of nanomaterials having particle sizes in the range of 23.08–52.7 nm with very low levels of microstrain levels (<0.05) and dislocation densities. Surface areas were found to be in the range of 42.37–52.32 m2/g with mesoporous structures and solid bar and cross surface morphology. Optical band gaps (Eg) calculated from absorption data was found to be in the range of 4.65–4.75 eV for direct transitions whereas 4.60–4.74 eV for indirect transitions. The Eg calculated from emission data was found to be in the range of 2.42–2.67 eV. Absorption edge broadening was investigated by urbach energy (EU) calculated to be in the range of 1.23–1.51 eV whereas fermi energy (Ef) were obtained as 4.66–4.72 eV. Refractive index (n) was calculated to be in the range of 0.13–0.21 whereas high values obtained for real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants (ϵ) indicating polarization relaxation in synthesized materials. The calculated structural and optical characteristics indicates that these materials can be potential candidates for optoelectronic and catalytic applications.
N‐heterocyclic Thiols based Copper Complexes: Syntheses, Structure and Catalytic Studies for Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Peerappa Yadav Suraj , Sahil Deepika , Singh Chauhan Rohit , Butcher R. J. , Tyagi Adish , Karmakar Gourab , Dash Chandrakanta
Published: January 2024

Treatment of [CuCl2(PPh3)2] with N‐heterocyclic thiols, i. e., 4,6‐dimethyl pyrimidine‐2‐thiol (dmpymSH), pyridine‐2‐thiol (pySH), resulted partially substituted product [CuCl(L)(PPh3)2] (L=C5H4NSH (pySH), SC4H(4,6‐Me2N2H) (dmpymSH). However, similar reaction with [CuI(PPh3)]4 yielded a products [CuI(pySH)(PPh3)2] (py=C5H4N) and [CuI(dmpymSH)(PPh3)2] (dmpym=C4H(4,6‐Me2N2); respectively. The molecular structure of complex [CuCl(dmpymSH)(PPh3)2].CH3CN (1 b) has been determined through the single crystal X‐ray crystallography technique. All the synthesized complexes were fully characterized through various spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H} NMR). The complexes 1 a, 1 b, 2 a and 2 b showed excellent catalytic activities for azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction in water as green solvent upto 90 % yield with 0.5 mol % of catalyst loading. Among all the synthesized complexes, compound [CuI(pySH)(PPh3)2] (2 a) turned up as a better catalyst with 90 % yield, applying 0.5 mol % catalyst.
Preparation of Core/Shell Fe3O4@SiO2 ⋅ DIL as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1, 8‐Dioxodecahydroacridine
Authors: Ebadi Amin , Vadie Sanaz , Shojaei Sanaz
Published: January 2024

In this research, design and synthesis of the magnetic nanoparticle, coated by a silica shell and modified with dicationic ionic liquid are described. The characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 ⋅ DIL was done by means of techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and TGA. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2 ⋅ DIL as a new nanocatalyst was tested in the one‐pot tree‐component synthesis of 1,8‐dioxodecahydroacridines. To achieve higher yield of products, factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time, the amount of nanocatalyst and solvent were studied, and the optimized conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the reaction time for aromatic aldehydes bearing substituent at para position is shorter and higher yields of products were obtained with these substrates. Short reaction time, high yield of products, easy purification and easy recoverable catalyst without significantly loss of its activity are the main advantages of the process presented. The results clearly showed that the existing catalytic system could be eco‐friendly and economical to carry out this reaction.
CuWO4 Reinforced Co‐doped HAp Nanocomposite: Improved Photocatalytic Activity Towards Degradation of Eosin Y and Catalytic Activity in Crossed Aldol Condensation Reaction
Authors: Kalita Juri , Bose Adrija , Chakraborty Debarati , Bharali Linkon , Dhar Siddhartha S.
Published: January 2024

Preventing the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers in different semiconductor photocatalysts is crucial but high‐performance photocatalyst is still challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel heterojunction of cobalt‐doped hydroxyapatite with CuWO4 i. e. Co‐HAp@CuWO4 nanocomposite by simple and facile ultrasonication technique. The morphological and structural features of the composite was examined using PXRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, TEM, UV‐DRS and XPS techniques. The optical analysis showed that the band gap of Co‐HAp@CuWO4 nanocomposite is 1.59 eV which is very much lower than pure HAp. The photocatalytic efficiency of Co‐HAp@CuWO4 was assessed in the degradation of Eosin Y dye under solar light irradiation. The result of degradation capacity is 94.5 % after 70 minutes of solar irradiation and it follows pseudo first‐order kinetics. The impact of different reaction parameters such as catalyst amount, initial concentration of the dye, and solution pH was also examined. The recyclability test showed that the synthesized material was highly stable in the visible‐light driven dye degradation. Heterogeneous catalytic efficacy of the prepared nanocomposite was examined in the crossed aldol condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and acetone and the outcomes confirmed that dibenzylideneacetone (DBA) was formed in the condensation reaction in outstanding yields under optimum conditions.
Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes Modified with Poly(amino acids) for the Simultaneous Detection of Vitamin C and Paracetamol
Authors: Long Yalan , Zhan Yifang , Hong Shaoli , Mahmud Sakil , Liu Huihong
Published: January 2024

Electrochemical polarization provides a practical means to enhance the typically sluggish electrochemical kinetics of screen‐printed electrodes. This study introduces an electrochemically deposited poly(amino acid) modification on screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for the concurrent detection of Vitamin C (VC) and Paracetamol (PA). The poly(amino acid)‐modified sensor not only addresses the issue of peak potential overlap between VC and PA but also enhances the electrochemical responses for both analytes. For example, Poly(L–Cysteine)‐modified SPCE exhibited a linear concentration range of 1.00 to 107.14 μM for VC, with a detection limit of 0.37 μM, and a linear concentration range of 0.10 to 10.71 μM for PA, with a detection limit of 0.033 μM. In practical applications, this device successfully detected VC and PA simultaneously in VC Yinqiao tablets, a Chinese‐Western pharmaceutical formulation. The experimental results were satisfactory, with recovery values ranging from 95.13 % to 106.58 % for VC and 95.56 % to 104.12 % for PA, achieved through the standard addition technique applied to the pharmaceutical formulation. The poly(amino acid)‐modified SPCE demonstrates heightened sensitivity, lower detection limits, exceptional anti‐interference properties, and high reproducibility. These qualities hold significant promise for future advancements in drug detection.
A Simple Highly Efficient Catalyst with NiOX‐loaded Reed‐based SiC/CNOs for Hydrogen Production by Photocatalytic Water‐splitting
Authors: Jiao Xiaofei , Zhang Wenjing , Cao Xuehui , LV Shufang , Huo Li
Published: January 2024

The cocatalyst and the semiconductors are tightly coupled to achieve effective separation of charges, which is one of the effective ways to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production in recent years. In this report, natural reed as raw material was simple sintering to obtain silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires supported on carbon nano onions (CNOs), and NiOX as a cocatalyst was introduced and evenly distributed on the SiC and CNOs to form a NiOX/SiC/CNOs heterojunction composite, which can be used for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. The structure and performance of the composite were investigated by XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM, FTIR, GC, etc. The results show that the NiOX/SiC/CNOs composite performed excellent photocatalytic activity, When the loaded NiOX is 1.0 wt %, the maximum hydrogenation rate can reach 3160.2 μmol ⋅ g−1 h−1 in the presence of Eosin Y (EY) as photosensitizer and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial agent, which is 2.86 times that of SiC/CNOs. The improvement in photocatalytic performance was mainly attributed to synergistic effects of high light absorbing efficiency, effective charge separation, increasing the transfer rate of electrons, and NiOX high dispersion active sites in SiC/CNOs.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of Atrazine: Removal of Atrazine from Aqueous Samples
Authors: Roland Rachel Marcella , Bhawani Showkat Ahmad , Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir Mohamad , Wahi Rafeah
Published: January 2024

Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used triazine herbicide in agriculture, however, it negatively affects the environment and human health. Therefore, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was employed for the selective removal of ATZ. In this study, MIPs were produced by precipitation polymerization using ATZ as the target molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide (AAm), and 2‐vinylpyridine (2VP) as functional monomers and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross‐linker, respectively. MIP characterizations were performed using Fourier Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The batch binding study revealed that MIP (2VP) exhibited the highest rebinding efficiency (88.44 %) among the MIPs. Furthermore, MIP (2VP) was analyzed by Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Adsorption studies revealed that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption efficiency were 8 ppm ATZ solution at pH 7, using 0.3 g of MIP (2VP). MIP (2VP) demonstrated higher selectivity towards ATZ than the Ametryn (AME) a competitive interferent, with a relative selectivity coefficient of 2.77. MIP (2VP) successfully removed ATZ from distilled water (95.39 %), tap water (88.16 %) and river water (86.75 %). These findings contributed for the development of MIP for the removal of ATZ, which would be helpful in the protection of ecosystem and human health in future.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Nitrite Using a Composite of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Cobalt‐4‐Pyridylporphyrin Coordination Polymer
Authors: Saran Neha , Bhavana Purushothaman
Published: January 2024

The present work describes the electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite in the presence of a composite of coordination polymer of cobalt‐4‐pyridylporphyrin and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide. The electrode was modified by drop‐casting a suspension of graphene oxide and polymeric cobalt‐4‐pyridylporphyrin followed by reduction through cyclic voltammetry in the potential range 0.0 V to −1.5 V. The electrocatalytic investigations were carried out by voltammetric (cyclic, linear sweep, differential pulse and hydrodynamic) and by amperometric methods. The LOD and the working range obtained through different techniques are compared. The rate constant for this heterogeneous electron transfer reaction is 2.45×10−2 cms−1.
Deep Eutectic Solvent and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Based Self‐healable, Injectable and Adhesive „Eutectogel”: An Emerging Drug Delivery Vehicle
Authors: Parsana Nildhara , Seoud Omar El , Al‐Ghamdi Azza , Kasoju Naresh , Malek Naved
Published: January 2024

Multifunctional polymeric eutectogel with characteristics such as self‐healing, adhesive, moldable, load bearable and penetrable through the stratum corneum layer of skin is vital for designing highly efficient platform for the new age sustained transdermal drug delivery. Inspired by the sea cucumber, which can loosen and tighten its body and merge collagen fibers to regain firmness, a biomimetic multifunctional polymeric eutectogel with above mentioned characteristics is developed here through interacting natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Hydrogen bonding interactions responsible for the formation of eutectogel, its porous three‐dimensional fibrous network morphology and mechanical strength as well as thixotropic behavior were assessed using state of the art analytical techniques. The eutectogel also exhibited multifunctional properties such as phase transition, in‐vitro degradation and stability as a function of temperature, pH and salt concentration, respectively apart from its multifunctional characteristics. The eutectogel‐bound cotton patch with high absorptivity and stability (750 % high) of curcumin was developed. The eutectogel was further investigated for its potential as the transdermal delivery vehicle for the encapsulation and delivery of anticancer drug, 5‐Fluoro Uracil. Skin permeation study and chemotherapeutic activity against MCF‐07 human breast cancer cell lines were evaluated, showing promising results.