bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIOLINGUISTIC ROUTINES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION IN BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE
Authors: Ambarita Esron
Published: November 2018

This research deals with the investigation of sociolinguistic routines in social interaction in Batak Toba language. The major issues in this descriptive microlinguistic study were the application of sociolinguistic routines in aspects of social interaction where sociolinguistic routines were found. Besides, this research also found the way sociolinguistic routines in social interaction in Batak Toba language are expressed. The results show that sociolinguistic routines in social interaction in Batak Toba language are found in many aspects, they are: (1) greetings, (2) self introduction, (3) offer, (4) giving, (5) apologizing, (6) permissions, (7) invitations, (8) reply, (9) requests, (10) regrets, and (11) leave taking. As far as the research had been done, the way sociolinguistic routines in Batak Toba language are expressed by using terms of kinship such as amang, inang, tulang, nantulang, amang boru, namboru, ito, lae, hela, parumaen, amang bao, inang bao, bere, paraman, appara, etc. Sociolinguistically, there is not any fixed sociolinguistic routines for each of the routines above because they depend on some social factors, such as, terms of kinship, age, gender, and familiarity.
TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEM: A GENERATIVE TRANSFORMATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ambarita Esron
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate morphological system of Toba Batak language from the view of generative transformational study. The major issue in this microlinguistic study is word formations through the processes of affixation, reduplication, and compounding. Most studies done morphologically are structural based theory which explore language phenomena unsatisfactorily. For instance, in Indonesian language the following forms are never found: *ambilan “something taken”, *berpesawat “go by aeroplane”, *keobatan “being dead or sick because of consuming too much medicine”. We, on the other hand, will find the words kiriman “something sent”, bersepeda “go by bicycle”, keracunan “being dead or sick because of consuming something poisonous”. In Toba Batak language, for example, we will not find the words *lehonan “a give”, *marsintua “visit a church functionary to consult something”, *mamiso “use a knife to cut something”. Whereas the forms tongosan “something sent”, mardatu “go to a shaman to ask for help”, and manakkul “use a hoe to do the farm” are actual words that have been used by Toba Batak language speakers. Based on the Toba Batak language phenomena above, the most relevant theory to be applied to treat such problems and the like exhaustively from descriptive to explanatory adequacy is generative morphology. In so doing, this study rests on the theory of generative morphology proposed by Halle (1973), Aronoff (1976), Scalise (1984), and Dardjowidjojo (1988). The theory requires four separated components, they are: (1) List of Morphemes, (2) Word Formation Rules, (3) Filter, and (4) Dictionary. Generative morphology has predictive power to generate actual words and potential words. The method of the study that will be applied is qualitative descriptive method, that is, a kind of linguistic method to describe language phenomena naturally without manipulation. This research will be conducted in 4 regencies in North Sumatra, they are: (1) Samosir Regency, (2) Toba Samosir Regency, (3) Humbang Hasundutan Regency, and (4) North Tapanuli Regency. There are three types of data that will be collected in this study, they are: (1) oral, (2) written, and (3) intuition. Oral data will be collected by observing, interviewing, listening attentively, and chatting with the informants. Written data will be originated from story books in Toba Batak language and bible in Toba Batak language. Intuition data will be based on the writer’s intuition because the writer is a native Toba Batak language speaker. The data will be analyzed using equal and distributional methods.
Valuation the Fishery Economic Value Limboto Lake Gorontalo
Authors: Hasim  , Mopangga Herwin
Published: November 2018

: This study aims to calculate the fishery economic value of Limboto Lakeincluding aquaculture, catch, and bibilo fishery. The research was conducted inLimboto Lake area and using survey method that based on questionnaire in collectingdata. Respondents were 100 people who determined randomly. The productivitymethod is an estimate of the ecosystem economic value for a product or service thatcontributes to the commercial goods production in the market. The results showed thatthe fishery economic value of Limboto Lake is 51.474.000. 000 IDR / year. More than50% of the value is contributed by aquaculture fishery
Protection of Important Data and Information using Gronsfeld Cipher
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Data security is a way to ensure that stored data is safe from corruption and that access to it is accordingly controlled. Data security helps to ensure privacy. It also helps protect personal data from theft. Data theft is one that often occurs on global computer networks. It includes criminal acts in the internet world. Chronology of theft is that an intruder enters a system and retrieves essential information without the owner's knowledge. Intruders use data that has been taken for various crimes. Various ways that intruders take to retrieve the data. This action is proven by the amount of internet traffic that is looking for a gap to infiltrate a system. Cryptography is needed to protect essential data. One of the classic algorithms used is Gronsfeld Cipher. This algorithm works by exchanging characters in messages using substitution tables. The key used is a number that determines the shift of plaintext and key. The resulting ciphertext is the result of plaintext substitution with the key table. This algorithm is constructive for users to secure their essential information when it will be sent through a global network.
Unsur Moral Dalam Karya Fiksi
Authors: D Sri Wahyuni
Published: November 2018

Unsur moral dalam karya fiksi tidak terbatas, Moral dalam karya fiksi biasanya mencerminkan pandangan hidup pengarang yang bersangkutan pada pandangnnya tentang nilai-nilai kebenaran dalam hidup yang disampaikan kepada pembaca.Pesan moral pada karya fiksi menitikberatkan pada sifat kodrati manusia yang hakiki, dengan kata lain bahwa manusia tidak hanya ditentukan oleh aturan-aturan yang dibuat oleh manusia itu sendiri. Moral dalam karya fiksi tidak pernah terlepas dari pengertian yang baik.Tiap cerita fiksi masing-masing mengandung dan menawarkan pesan moral, tentunya banyak sekali jenis dan wujud ajaran moral. Jenis dan wujud pesan moral yang terdapat dalam karya fiksi bertantung pada keyakinan, keinginan, dan interes pengarang yang bersangkutan. Jenis ajaran moral boleh dikatakan bersifat tidak terbatas. Penyempaian pesan moral pada karya fiksi tentunya tidak lepas dari kritik sosial dan kritik agama yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis. Demikian juga dengan bentuk penyampaian langsung dan tidak langsung yang ingin dihadirkan oleh penulis di dalam karya fiksi sebagai nasihat dan petuah bagi pembaca.
Multi-Objective Optimization Method by Ratio Analysis in Determining Results in Decision Support Systems
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Decision support system in selecting a product aims to improve the company's performance in the selection of certain products. This system is excellent to apply to companies, especially in companies that produce goods. It is so that consumers will not experience disappointment in the selection of these items. Every company needs a decision support system that can help choose the best product results accurately based on predetermined criteria. It is to avoid fatal errors. Therefore a company is beneficial and makes decision making more comfortable, in the selection of goods. The method used in this study is Multi-Objective Optimization on the Base of Ratio Analysis (MOORA). Selection of product results will be more structured and achieved using the MOORA method. Companies in the selection of goods will be under the desired target and can also minimize errors.
How Does Mindfulness Affect Cognition? A Reflection on Confounding Issues Surrounding Mindfulness-based Intervention Research Targeting Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Vago David R , Gupta Resh , Lazar Sara
Published: November 2018

One potential pathway by which mindfulness-based meditation improves health outcomes is through changes in cognitive functioning. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) was conducted with a focus on assessing the state of the evidence for effects on cognitive processes and associated assays. Here, we comment on confounding issues surrounding the reporting of these and related findings, including 1) criteria that appropriately define an MBI; 2) limitations of assays used to measure cognition; and 3) methodological quality of MBI trials and reporting of findings. Because these issues contribute to potentially distorted interpretations of existing data, we offer constructive means for interpretation and recommendations for moving the field of mindfulness research forward regarding the effects on cognition.
Competition is crucial for social comparison processes in long-tailed macaques
Authors: Keupp Stefanie , Titchener Rowan , Bugnyar Thomas , Mussweiler Thomas , Fischer Julia
Published: November 2018

Humans modulate their self-evaluations and behaviour as a function of conspecific presence and performance. In this study we tested for the presence of human-like social comparison effects in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). The monkeys’ task was to extract food from an apparatus by pulling drawers within reach and we measured latency between drawer-pulls. Subjects either worked on the task with a partner who could access the apparatus from an adjacent cage or worked with a partner present who was denied apparatus access. Alternatively, they worked in the absence of a conspecific present but with food moving towards the partner’s side. We further manipulated partner performance and competitiveness of the setup. We found no indication that long-tailed macaques compare their performance to the performance of conspecifics. They were not affected by the mere presence of the partner but they paid close attention to the partner’s actions when they were consequential for food availability. If social comparison processes are present in long-tailed macaques, the present study suggests they may only manifest in situations involving direct competition and would thus be different from social comparisons in humans, which manifest also in the absence of direct competition, for example in evaluative contexts.
Rejected Letter to PNAS
Authors: Crede Marcus
Published: November 2018

I describe a statistical error in the recent three-study paper by Jachimowicz et al., (2018) purporting to show that the perseverance-performance relationship is strongest when passion is high. The findings from all three studies rest on the assumption that the total grit scale score represents just perseverance but this assumption is based on the incorrect interpretation of a higher-order factor analytic model.
EEG anticipation of random high and low arousal faces and sounds
Authors: Duma Gian Marco , Mento Giovanni , Semenzato Luca , Tressoldi Patrizio
Published: November 2018

Background: In this study, we investigated the neural correlates of the anticipatory activity of randomly presented faces and sounds of both high and low arousal level by recording EEG activity with a high spatial resolution EEG system. Methods: we preregistered the following three hypotheses: - a contingent Negative Variation (CNV) difference in the amplitude voltage between auditory vs faces stimuli; a greater amplitude voltage in the CNV, in high arousal stimuli vs low arousal stimuli, both in auditory and faces stimuli, in the temporal window from 0 to 1000 ms before the stimulus presentation; - in the time window from 0 to 1000 ms a sensory specific activation at the brain source level in the temporal lobe and auditory cortex before the presentation of an auditory stimulus and an activation of occipital area, dedicated to the elaboration of visual stimuli, before the presentation of of faces .Results: By using a preregistered, hypothesis-driven approach, we found no statistically significant differences in the CNV due to an overly conservative correction for multiple comparisons for the control of Type I error. By contrast, using a data-driven approach based on a machine learning algorithm (Support Vector Machine), we found a significantly larger amplitude in the occipital cluster of electrodes before the presentation of faces with respect to sounds, along with a larger amplitude in the right auditory cortex before the presentation of sounds with respect to faces. Furthermore, we found greater CNV activity in the late prestimulus interval for high vs. low-arousal sounds stimuli in the left centro-posterior scalp regions. Conclusions: These findings, although preliminary, seem to support the hypothesis that the neurophysiological anticipatory activity of random events is specifically driven by either the sensory characteristics or the arousal level of future stimuli.
Evaluating the ‘new culture’ of human rights in European Private Law
Authors: Ferreira Nuno , O’Callaghan Patrick
Published: November 2018

This paper serves as an editorial to a collection of papers on the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law in the European Union. The papers refer to developments in several European jurisdictions, and cover a broad range of topics, from environmental rights to linguistic rights, from conditional bequests to consumer rights, from the right to adopt to the right to know one’s own genetic origins.This collection of papers forms a special issue of the European Review of Private Law, and presents some of the results of a project entitled ‘Fundamental Rights and Private Law in the European Union’, funded as a Research Training Network under the European Community’s Fifth Framework Programme. The editorial discusses the aims and results of this research project, and introduces the papers selected for this special issue.
Political Correlates of Apophatic and Cataphatic Listening Styles
Authors: Rinke Eike Mark , Moy Patricia
Published: November 2018

While it is a truism that political voice is a cornerstone of democratic theory, less theorizing has focused on its counterpart, political listening. Drawing upon research related to listening practices, this study operationalizes for empirical study Dobson’s (2014) normative concepts of apophatic listening, which is dialogic and facilitates discussion across lines of difference, and cataphatic listening, which is monologic and disruptive in nature. Using data from a national sample survey of Latinos fielded shortly after the 2016 U.S. presidential election (N = 720), we provide an empirical test of these listening practices’ democratic value by examining how relational and analytical listening (dimensions of apophatic practices) and task-oriented and critical listening (dimensions of cataphatic practices) are associated with various political outcomes, including political interest, knowledge, trust, and participation. Findings indicate that, from a normative point of view, task-oriented listening was unrelated or negatively related to political outcomes while relational listening had ambivalent relations. However, the two cognitive-epistemic dimensions of both types of listening – analytical listening and critical (error-seeking) listening – were both strongly and positively related to most studied political outcomes. These findings offer nuanced evidence that apophatic and cataphatic listening might not necessarily be at odds with each other where democratically desirable outcomes are concerned.
Validation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Scale for Children
Authors: Devkota Narmada , Subba Shishir , Devkota Janardan , Regmee Jaya , Pokhrel Deepika
Published: November 2018

Background: There is no valid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic tool to fit Nepalese culture and language till date. Current study is intended to develop and validate the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  scale for children in Nepal.Methods: Mixed method study was conducted with 840 samples (i.e. children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder =356, Anxiety =128 and General Population=356).Items generation, scale development andscale evaluation were the three consecutive steps followed to develop and validate the scale.Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  (already met the Diagnostic and statistical Manual-5 criteria) were further assessed by KiddieSchedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL), Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI5) to confirm the diagnosis and psychometric validation. Pilot studies were done for items clarity. Each data obtained from three comparison groups (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Anxiety and General Population) were included for standardization process where tests of dimensionality, reliability, validity,calculating norms (cut off) were doneas scale evaluation process.Results: The final version of the scale had 21 items. Three sub-scales (Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity) were identified by using Principal Axis Factor Analysis.All factors showed strong statistically significant convergent validity and Discriminant validity Cronbach’s alpha of each item is ≥ 0.91.As total score criteria, 38.5 is considered as the best cut-off point for this scale.Conclusions: By using systematic process, a valid and reliable Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder  diagnostic scale is being developed in Nepalese culture and language.
Safety, Efficacy and Acceptability of Early First Trimester Abortion using Oral Mifepristone and Sublingual Misoprostol
Authors: Shrestha Deepak , Aryal Shreyashi , Sharma Binita
Published: November 2018

Background: With the legalization of medical abortion in Nepal, mifepristone-misoprostol combination via different routes has been widely used for early abortion. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of 200 milligrams mifepristone orally followed by 800 micrograms sublingual misoprostol in outpatient setting.Methods: It was an open-label prospective study conducted in outpatient department of a tertiary hospital over a period of 13 months. Clients upto nine weeks of pregnancy were enrolled. 200 milligrams of mifepristone orally followed by 800 micrograms of misoprostol sublingually 36 to 48 hours later were prescribed. They were followed up in 14 days sonologically or verbally through telephone. Side effects and satisfaction to the regimen were assessed through acceptability questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test was used for analyzing categorical data.Results: A total of 47 clients were enrolled. The mean age and gestational age were 29.38 years (SD+5.914) and 6.2 weeks (SD+1.28) respectively. The commonest indications for termination were completed family and unwanted pregnancy (40.4% each). The average duration of bleeding was 5.76 days (SD +3.61). Abdominal cramping was the most common side effect (95.7%). The least acceptable parameter was the bleeding time (80.9%). For 97.9% clients, the adverse effects were acceptable. The overall success rate of the regimen was 87.2%.Conclusions: With a comparable success rate to vaginal use, home based sublingual use of misoprostol in low resource settings offers an acceptable and cost effective alternative for medical abortion upto nine weeks of pregnancy. Lesser gestational age is a useful predictor for successful abortion.
Assessment of Drug Use Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators
Authors: Shrestha Binaya , Dixit Sanjaya Mani
Published: November 2018

Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using the World Health Organization drug use indicators is important. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, using some of the World Health Organization core drug use indicators.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine current prescribing trends at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 605 prescriptions were collected and analyzed in the study.Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.85 considering the total amount of prescriptions. Furthermore, assuming each prescription as an individual patient, 64.1% of patients received antibiotics, and 71% of patients received injectable form of drugs. Among antibiotics the most common antibiotics prescribed were Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin/Cloxacillin, Azithromycin, Cefixime, and Cloxacillin. Only 16.94% of the medicines were prescribed in generic names with the rest 83.06% of the medicines being prescribed in brand names and 47.55% of medicines prescribed were from the National List of Essential Medicines-Nepal.Conclusions: The current study revealed that polypharmacy and prescription writing using brand names were common. Prescriptions writing in generic nameneeds to be promoted and encouraged. There appears to be a crucial need for the development of prescribing guidelines when it comes to antibiotics.
Fatigue Experience and Coping Strategies among Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Dahal Anika , Meheta Raj Kumar
Published: November 2018

Background:  Cancer is considered one of the foremost common causes of death. Fatigue is among the distressing symptoms for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Adequate coping is essential for individual to deal with the effects of cancer related treatment. The objective of the study was to find out the fatigue experience and coping strategies among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The samples was taken from day care and medical oncology ward of BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur. A total of 120 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy of 18 years and above were selected by using non probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected by using standard tool, Fatigue Symptom Inventory and Brief Cope. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The study revealed that 82.5% of respondents had experienced fatigue and 50.8% respondents had used adequate coping strategies where “self distraction”(2.76±1.02) was the most used coping strategy by the respondents. Fatigue experience and coping strategies had negative correlation (r=-0.490, p=<0.001).Conclusions: Majority of the respondents had experienced fatigue, and half of the respondents used adequate coping strategies. The different methods of coping strategies for fatigue and chemotherapy related effects should be expanded as per the best available evidence to lower fatigue and other adverse effects.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of Computer Vision Syndrome among medical students and its impact on ocular morbidity
Authors: Kharel Sitaula Ranju , Khatri Anadi
Published: November 2018

Background: Computer vision syndrome is a common global problem among millions of computer users including medical students. Medical students are preferring soft copies rather than textbooks. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of MBBS students about Computer vision syndrome, and to identify its ocular morbidity among them.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey based on the questionnaire was conducted among 1st- 4th-year MBBS students of the Institute of Medicine and 80 students underwent detailed ocular evaluation.Results: A complete survey response was received from 236 students out of 299 students (Response Rate 80%). The mean age of MBBS students was 21.38 years ± 1.328 years and the range were 19-22 years; 76.2% were male and 23.8% were female. The majority (37.2%) spent 2-3 hours/day on the computer and had a higher risk (p-0.0001) of developing Computer vision syndrome. About 69.5% students used a computer at the level of the eye but there was a significant reduction in Computer vision syndrome (p-0.0001) among those who had computer screen below the eye level. Association between taking breaks (p-0.0001) and frequent blinking (p-0.0411) during computer use and relief of symptoms was significant. Only 22.9% had pre-existing knowledge of Computer vision syndrome% and only 25.5% of them were practicing the ideal viewing distance. Among 80 medical students randomly selected for detail eye examinations (63.7% male;36.2% female), the prevalence of Computer vision syndrome was 71.6%. The commonest ocular complaint was a headache (50%) and dry eyes (45%). Myopia was the commonest refractive error (31.2%) and the orthoptic problem was prevalent among 17.5% students.Conclusions: The survey showed that Computer vision syndrome is relevant among MBBS students but the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Computer vision syndrome among them is poor.
Knowledge and Acceptance of Labour Analgesia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Sharma Mona , Dhungel Saurya , Niroula Sujata , Karki Manan
Published: November 2018

Background: Labour analgesia, though practiced worldwide, is not very popular in low-income countries. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness, attitude, acceptance, and reasons for hindrance of labour analgesia among patients visiting a tertiary care center in the capital cityMethods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital in the month of August 2017. All pregnant patients presenting for antenatal checkup was included. Data was collected based on a questionnaire after informed consent. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 20 and results were expressed in frequencies and percentage.Results: Total of 270 pregnant women participated in the study. Out of these forty-four (16.3%) patients were aware about labour analgesia. The acceptance rate was high (72.2%). Majority (84.6%) had no problem with expenditure associated with labour analgesia.Conclusions: Despite low awareness about painless delivery among the antenatal women, the acceptance rate is high.
Effect of an Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Perception Regarding Rational Medicine Use and Self-medication
Authors: Jha Nisha , Ravi Shankar Pathiyil , Anurag Marasini
Published: November 2018

Background: Rational use of medicines is important for safe and cost-effective pharmacotherapy. However, nearly half of the medicines available in the market may be used irrationally. The present study assessed the perceptions and knowledge about rational medicine use and responsible self -medication among participants before and after an educational intervention at KIST Medical College, Lalitpur.Methods: An educational module was conducted among healthcare professionals, media personnel and female community health volunteers. The questionnaire was administered before and immediately after the module. The areas addressed were rational medicine use, ethical prescribing, rational drug use situation in Nepal, pharmaceutical promotion, rational self-medication, safe use of antibiotics, and drug use problems in Nepal.Results:  Among healthcare professionals, the rational drug use situation in Nepal and the total score significantly increased post-intervention (p<0.05). Among media personnel the mean scores increased significantly in pharmaceutical promotion and drug use problems in Nepal areas but there was a significant decrease in safe use of antibiotics. The pre-intervention pharmaceutical promotion score was significantly higher among healthcare professionals compared to media personnel while the rational self-medication scores were highest among female community health volunteers, safe use of antibiotics scores were highest among the media personnel. Post-intervention the mean pharmaceutical promotion scores was highest among healthcare professionals, rational self-medication scores among female community health volunteers, safe use of antibiotics, drug use problems in Nepal and total scores were highest among the media personnel. Conclusions: There were differences in the mean pre-intervention scores among different subgroups. A single session may not be enough to bring about significant changes in knowledge and perception. The retention of knowledge could be measured in future studies.
Determination of CD4+ T- Lymphocytes in Healthy Children of Kathmandu
Authors: Karn Sapana , Bhattarai Manjula , Rauniyar Ramanuj , Adhikari Anurag , Karna Pratik , Upadhyay Bishnu Prasad , Gupta Birendra Prasad
Published: November 2018

Background: The cluster differentiation (CD) of T-cell is the good marker for the immunological competence study. Nepal does not have a reference value for CD4+ T cell count and percentage for children, which severely limits the prospect of pediatric prognosis.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu valley where total 207 children of age 0-14 year age group were recruited in this study. We analyzed 50 cord blood and 157 peripheral blood samples in order to calculate the absolute count of CD4+ T lymphocyte using Fluorescence-activated cell sorting methodology.Results: The reference range for absolute CD4+ T cell count was found to be 634-4040 cells/µL (mean1470; median: 1335 and 95% CI [1322-1617]) for male children and 491-2922 cells/µL (mean: 1443 median: 1326 and 95% CI [1298-1588]) for the female children. We also observed elevated CD4 to the CD3 ratio in younger children (0.67 from cord blood Vs 0.53 from 10-14yr) compared to older ones.Conclusions: The observed CD4+ T cell counts among healthy children of Kathmandu highlights the gender differences skewed for male as well the need of defining specific reference values for other lymphocyte subsets as well in a country like Nepal which has a population with diverse genetic and socio-cultural parameters.
BOSENTAN - endothelin receptor antagonist
Authors: Singal Kiran Kumar , Singal Neerja , Passi Paras , Singla Mohit , Gupta Nitin , Sumit Gautam
Published: November 2018

Activation of the endothelin system has been demonstrated in the plasma and lung tissue of PAH (Pulmonary Artery Hypertension) patients. Although it is not clear if the increases in endothelin plasma levels are a cause or a consequence of PH (Pulmonary Hypertension), the data supports a prominent role for the endothelin system in the pathogenesis of PAH. Bosentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) which is a progressive disease with high mortality and administration of the orally active, dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan improves exercise endurance, haemodynamics, and functional class over the short term. First-line bosentan therapy was found to improve survival in patients with advanced primary pulmonary hypertension.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 10-13
Prevalence of Depression among Emp loyees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and Its Relationship with Demographic Variables in 2017, west of Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Babak , Yousefnezhad Maedeh , Dargahloo Saeed Dashti , Alipour Nadia , Mohammadirokh Morteza
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Depression is one of the psychiatric disorders and is the most common mood disorder. Stably and sometimes unstable, depression can involve and interfere with different aspects of life. By disrupting tasks, reducing motivation, causing anxiety, fear, and concern, depression impairs a significant part of the intellectual ability. Complications of depression have been proven on presence and absenteeism, accuracy in performing duties and efficiency. This study tends to determine the prevalence of depression among employees of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with demographic variables in 2017.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on employees of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2017. The subjects were 270 people who filled in adult BDI-II (including 21 3-point questions). The inventory is scored from 0 to 63(0- 13 minimal depression (normal)), 14-19 mild depression, 20-28 moderate depression, and 28-63 severe depression). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.Results: The mean depression score was 10.7; 48.1% had depression. Prevalence of depression was 12.6% mild depression, 11.1% moderate depression and 6.3% severe depression; 89 (33%) were single and 181 (67%) were married; Prevalence of depression was 29.47% in women and 30.28% in men.Discussion: Men were more likely to develop depression than women (27%), which is contrary to many reports. This study showed a significant relationship between age and prevalence of depression. There was a significant relationship between prevalence of depression and marital status; there was a significant relationship between workplace and the kind of work done by people and depression. There was a significant relationship between parental education and depression. There was no significant relationship between education and depression. However, some studies did not report this significant relationship.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 14-18
Insulinoma-presenting as status epilepticus and hallucinations
Authors: Singal Kiran Kumar , Singal Neerja , Gupta Isha , Sodhi Shankar , Gupta Parveen , Cheema Yuvraj Singh
Published: November 2018

Insulinoma is a very rare endocrine disorder. 80% of insulinomas result from benign simple adenomas of pancreas and hypoglycemia is the commonest presenting feature. Although seizures as a consequence of insulinoma are well known, yet status epilepticus as the initial presenting feature is a rarity. Here, we report a young male in whom insulinoma masqueraded as status epilepticus.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 01 January’19. Page : 29-31
Analysis and forecast of the environmental radioactivity dynamics based on methods of chaos theory: general scheme and some application
Authors: Glushkov A.V. , Gubanova E.R. , Khetselius O.Yu. , Prepelitsa G.P. , Svinarenko A.A. , Bunyakova Yu.Ya. , Buyadzhi V.V.
Published: November 2018

We present firstly a new whole technique of analysis, processing and forecasting environmental radioactivity dynamics, which has been earlier developed for the atmospheric pollution dynamics analysis and investigation of chaotic feature sin dynamics of the typical hydroecological systems. The general formalism include: a) A general qualitative analysis of dynamical problem of the environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of a chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the method of correlation dimension); c) Reducing the phase space (choice of the time delay, the definition of the embedding space by methods of correlation dimension algorithm and false nearest neighbor points); d) Determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (Computation of the global Lyapunov dimension λa; determination of the Kaplan-York dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) A non-linear prediction (forecasting) of an dynamical evolution of the system. The last block indeed includes new (in a theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modelling, renorm-analysis with blocks of the polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.
The Earth angle moment balance, low-frequency atmospheric processes and radiowaveguides: ii. application of an advanced non-stationary theory for different forms of atmosphere circulation
Authors: Glushkov A.V. , Svinarenko A.А. , Ambrosov S.V. , Bunyakova Yu.Ya. , Buyadzhi V.V. , Mansarliysky V.F.
Published: November 2018

In the paper we present the results of application of a new advanced non-stationary theory of global mechanisms in atmospheric low-frequency processes, the balance of the angular momentum of the Earth, teleconnection effects and atmospheric radio waveguides, for the Pacific ocean region for different forms of the atmosphere circulation. The theory is realized and implemented into Microsystem Technology "GeoMath" and focused on the discovery and testing of new predictors for long-term and very long-forecasts of  low-frequency atmospheric processes. The PC experiments have demonstrated an effectiveness of a new advanced theory in application to modeling balance of angular momentum, the atmospheric moisture turnover in relation to the genesis of tropospheric radio waveguides and succession processes of atmospheric circulation forms (teleconnection, front-genesis) in order to develop new practical sensors in long-term forecasting and modeling of low-frequency atmospheric processes. It is determined a link of tropospheric waveguide with atmospheric moisture circulation and, accordingly, with the shape of the atmospheric circulation over the position of the front sections of (atmospheric fronts as the main drives moisture). Atmospheric moisture cycle is linked with such typical low-frequency process as the angular momentum balance; the latter accounts violation of the atmosphere rotating balance with the Earth.
Evaluation of the production process of potato in a changing climate in the Eastern and Western forest-steppe
Authors: Svyderska S.M.
Published: November 2018

An important element of climate change is to assess changes in agro-climatic growing conditions of crops and the impact of these changes on their performance. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector of  Ukraine's economy to fluctuations and climate change. Given the inertial nature of agriculture and the dependence of the efficiency on the weather, now need to make timely and adequate solutions to complex problems caused by climate change. Due to the expected increase in air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere food security Ukraine will largely depend on how effectively adapting agriculture to future climate change. This includes advance assessment of the impact of the expected climate change on agro-climatic conditions for growing crops. Potatoes - perennial, herbaceous, plant, but in nature is treated as an annual plant, so that the life cycle, beginning with germination and ending with the formation of bubbles and the formation of mature tubers, is one growing season. Potato is one of the most important crops grown and diversified use in almost all parts of our country. But the main focus areas of potatoes in Polesie and Forest-steppe.

We consider the relative performance of the photosynthetic productivity of potato and agro-climatic conditions for growing potatoes for the period 1986 to 2005, and expected their changes calculated by the climate change scenarios A1B and A2 for the period 2011 to 2050 in Eastern and Western Forest-Steppe. We consider the agrometeorological and agro-climatic conditions in which there may be a maximum performance of potato.
Influence of climatic changes on mode of moistening of vegetation period in Ukraine
Authors: Pol'ovyy A.M. , Bozhko L.Y.
Published: November 2018

Climatic terms of Ukraine of material well-being by moisture is qualify cater for thereceipt of stable and high harvests of agricultural cultures. In this connection extraordinarily important is a study of modern dynamics of the mode of precipitations and its estimation on the 30-50 nearest years. The mode of fallouts, evaporation, is evaporated, deficit of evaporation, a coefficient moistening of G.Т Selyaninov is examined in comparison for periods: 1986-2005 years (base period) and expected after three scenarios of changes of climate of their values in a period from 2011 to 2030 and from 2031 to 2050 years. The expected common increase of annual amount of fallouts and increase of unevenness of their distribution are marked on the seasons of year in all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine, except South Steppe. Reduction of amount of fallouts is in South Steppe, especially in a spring-summer period, will cause the increase of droughtyness of climate.
Assessment of Hadzhibeysky estuary and forecasting possible water level in it
Authors: Shakirzanova Zh.R.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Modern hydrology of the Hadzhibeysky estuary is due to natural and anthropogenic factors and characterized by their intense economic use. Since the beginning of the last century, there was an intense discharge of municipal waters from Odessa (biological treatment plant "North"). This led to a significant increase in the levels of water in the estuary, which threatened to destroy the dam that separates the estuary from the sea, with the possible flooding of residential areas and enterprises of the Peresip area, as well as the road, on the dam, especially in disastrously high water years. Purpose. The purpose problems – are estimation of filling the closed estuaries-reservoirs in north-west area of the Black sea and long–term forecasting of their condition during the spring period of year. The first task – an analysis of conditions of the Hadzhibeysky estuary in the presence of an exceptional spring flood and rain floods of exceedance probability (P = 1%). The second task – is to develop a methodology for the long-term forecasting of filling of the Hadzhibeysky estuary during the spring flood, which is the most abundant phase in the hydrological regime into the territory.

Results. For the first time, the possibility of assessing the filling degree surface water from melting snow and rainfall when the estimated probability of exceeding P=1% in the closed estuaries-reservoirs of the Black Sea areas. The method of the long-term forecast of surface water during the spring period for the closed estuaries was substantiated. Typification of spring floods in accordance with their water content according to the model – discriminant function DF, which takes account of the complex of factors having an influence upon conditions of spring flood formation. Setting the probability of occurrence of the forecasting flow layers in the long-term period are implemented.

Conclusion. This method allows risk assessment for sustainable land – and water use planning within the Black Sea estuaries. The method of the long-term forecast was realized by the author in operational work at the Hydrometeorological Center of the Black and Azov Seas.
Calculation of water balance China Lake (between 2008-2014)
Authors: Shakirzanova Zh.R. , Medvedeva Y.S. , Yaneva M.D.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. The main characteristic of  hydrometeorological mode of China Lake, is the water balance of inland waters, defined process flow and water flow. Based on the water balance is determined by water exchange, physical and chemical processes in reservoirs and estimated effects of measures aimed at possible economic use of water resources.

Purpose. The aim is analyze of physical - geographic, morphometric, hydrological, hydraulic characteristics of China Lake and the rivers that feed them; calculation of the components of the water balance of the lake China (in 2008-2014) and determine the water balance of residuals.

Methods. In the analysis of available materials observations known statistical methods used; in determining the unknown components of water balance - similar hydrological methods and operating regulations.

Results. Receipt of lake water balance China (2008-2014) in the largest extent determine precipitation on the water surface of the lake (from 17 to 77%), while expenditure is the highest percentage of evaporation from 38,7 to 86,1%. The greatest value of residuals observed in the summer months, received their size residuals are found within the acceptable.

Conclusion. The authenticity of the definition of the components of the water balance of the lake. China will also be checked accuracy of the values of salinity of water in the reservoir as a result of payments salt balance.
Current situation of water quality Dniester River basin in transboundary areas
Authors: Kolisnyk A.V.
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Today there are significant problems of  transboundary pollution of the Dniester River basin in Ukraine, including within the Vinnitska oblast.

Purpose. The aim is to assess the current state of the watercourses of the Dniester River basin in transboundary areas with the Republic of Moldova, within the Vinnytska oblast by 2013.

Methods. Evaluation of current watercourses quality in Dnister basin was performed based on the Methodology of environmental assessment of watercourses quality for the relevant category and on the Methods integrated assessment of groundwater contamination.

Results. The results of water quality evaluation of the river Dniester basin in cross-border areas are assigned to them "satisfactory" and "bad" (the average and maximum environmental indices) features state and "dirty" and "dirty" qualifications purity by the Method of environmental assessment of watercourses quality in the relevant categories. By the Method of integral estimation of water courses contamination within the basin of river Dnister in Vinnytska oblast contamination status changed from "harmless" to "intensive". This shows a significant contamination of the river Dniester water basin.

Conclusion. In order to improve the ecological state of the river basin it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of rivers, set GDS the priority given indicators of water quality, improve the culture of land and water use in watersheds. Priority execution of these measures should be in parts of the basin, characterized by the worst quality. Improvement of the situation with river Dnister basin in the cross-border region with Republic of Moldova should only be done on the state level with help of Euroregion "Dniester" initiative.
Determination of constituents receipt Kakhovka Reservoir water balance
Authors: Koryagina O.S.
Published: November 2018

The study of the reservoirs is of great scientific interest and is of practical importance for the solution of problems of rational use and protection of water resources. The paper describes the latest reservoir in the cascade of Dnipro Kakhovka Reservoir and its component of water balance. The methods of determining the components of the water balance that were once offered the Kakhovka  hydrometeorological observatory are submitted. Great attention is drawn to the surface flow of water into the reservoir from unexplored rivers, which is determined by the method of analogy. The probable error of this method, in turn, is equal to for monthly values 30-50% and annual – 10-20%. So, there is provided somewhat different a method for determining the surface flow using the curve of security component amount of annual precipitation, maps of the norm runoff and tables SNiP 2.01.14.83. The proposed method simplifies and accelerates the process of calculating the amounts of surface water flow in unexplored rivers to Kakhovka reservoir.