bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing for Successful Innovation
Authors: Newby Howard
Published: January 2017

In this article, Professor Newby outlines a strategy for the effective management of innovation. In the context of institutional impediments to change – organizational structures, communication and skills – he argues that for firms in countries like the UK and USA to move into the ‘New Competition’ age, typical of Japanese firms, there will need to be significant changes within the firm and at regional and national levels. He sets out a strategy for change, in which the key elements are the development of a ‘skills strategy’, the establishment and exploitation of strategic sources of information, and the recognition that cooperation is as important as competition (with the resulting focus on symbiosis and synergy). His argument draws on the results of several recent UK research studies.
Innovation Gateways for SMEs
Authors: Davies Peter T.
Published: January 2017

The Warwick Manufacturing Group at the University of Warwick in the UK has worked with large and small companies, but links with the large companies have been easier to establish and sustain. Various methods have been tried over the years to interact significantly with small and medium-size enterprises and have met with varying success. However, the current SME Programme synthesizes all the successful elements and is proving a coherent and well received approach. In this article, Peter Davies sets out the main principles and activities of the Programme, which combines technology innovation and awareness in the Breakthrough Technologies programme with international best practice and change management in the Manufacturing Excellence Initiative.
Gilbert Meilaender and the Tragedy of Biological Individualism
Authors: Smith David H.
Published: January 2017

This article provides a friendly criticism of Meilaender’s positions on the beginning of life and decision making at the end of life. It is argued that his version of the self is narrowly physicalist and individualist with no room for the essentially social and psychological parts of identity or selfhood. That in turn leads to his rigoristic or tutioristic judgments on end of life care.
Polyimides Based on Poly(2,5-furandiylmethylene). II
Authors: Patel Hasmukh S. , Lad Babu D. , Vyas Hemant S.
Published: January 2017

Novel polyimides were prepared by the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) resin (poly(2,5-furandiylmethylene)), with various bis(maleimides). The DA reaction was carried out in tetrahydrofuran as solvent, as well as bulk, followed by aromatization of the tetrahydrophthalimide intermediates in the presence of acetic anhydride. All the polyimides were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral studies and thermogravimetry. The results show that polyimides based on FA resin exhibit moderate thermal stability. Preliminary results also indicate that glass fiber reinforced polyimide laminates show good mechanical properties.
Does community-based point of care HIV testing reduce late HIV diagnosis? A retrospective study in England and Wales
Authors: Freeman-Romilly Nell , Sheppard Paula , Desai Sarika , Cooper Nick , Brady Michael
Published: January 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate if patients diagnosed in community clinics have higher baseline CD4 cell counts than those diagnosed in Genitourinary medicine (GUM)/HIV clinics. We undertook a retrospective review of baseline CD4 cell counts for patients receiving a reactive HIV test in community-testing clinics. Eleven local HIV clinics were contacted to determine the baseline CD4 cell counts of these patients. Baseline CD4 cell counts of those diagnosed in the community were compared with mean local GUM/HIV clinic and median national baseline CD4 cell count for their year of diagnosis. Clients diagnosed in community settings had a mean baseline CD4 cell count of 481 cells/mm3 (SD 236 cells/mm3) and median baseline of 483 cells/mm3 (interquartile range 311–657 cells/mm3). This was significantly higher than those diagnosed in the GUM/HIV clinic local to the community-testing site (mean baseline CD4 397 cells/mm3, p = 0.014) and the national median for that year (336 cells/mm3, p < 0.001). HIV testing in community settings identifies patients at an earlier stage of infection than testing in clinical settings.
The External Health Cost of Reduced Ventilation Domestic Energy Conservation Measures
Authors: Thornton Edward W.
Published: January 2017

The use of reduced ventilation as a domestic energy conservation measure carries with it an increased radiation dose from radon gas. Linking the increase in radiation dose to a health detriment allows the external health cost of this form of energy conservation to be evaluated in monetary terms and compared with the external health costs of means of supplying primary energy on a common basis. The external health cost of reduced ventilation domestic energy conservation measures (draught proofing and double glazing) is estimated to be about 7 p/kWh based on an average home in the UK. This is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the external health costs of electricity fuel cycles based on PWR, solar, wind, hydro and gas and about one order of magnitude greater than those based on coal and oil.
Characterization of PF4-Heparin Complexes by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Zeta Potential
Authors: Bertini Sabrina , Fareed Jawed , Madaschi Laura , Risi Giulia , Torri Giangiacomo , Naggi Annamaria
Published: January 2017

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is associated with antibodies to complexes between heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4), a basic protein usually found in platelet alpha granules. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibodies preferentially recognize macromolecular complexes formed between positively charged PF4 and polyanionic heparins over a narrow range of molar ratios. The aim of this work was to study the complexes that human PF4 forms with heparins from various species, such as porcine, bovine, and ovine; heparins from various organs, such as mucosa and lung; and different low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) at several stoichiometric ratios to evaluate their sizes and charges by photo correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The resulting data of the PF4 complexes with unfractionated heparins (UFHs), LMWHs and their fractions, and oligosaccharide components suggest that the size of aggregates is not only a simple function of average molecular weight but also of the molecular weight distribution of the sample. Moreover, it was found that lower concentrations of the tested ovine-derived mucosal heparin are required to form the large PF4/heparin complexes as compared to mucosal porcine and bovine heparin.
Inequalities in Lifelong Learning and Adult University Education Policies
Authors: Zmas Aristotelis , Sipitanou Athina A.
Published: January 2017

Firstly, the views of the European Union (E.U.) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (O.E.C.D.) are examined in relation to the issue of lifelong learning, as well as the challenges that render the reconstruction of the national educational systems essential. Following, it is pointed out that access to lifelong learning programmes and, more specifically, adult university education remains a process riddled with inequalities, not only within each country but also among different countries. At the same time, the European Union and the O.E.C.D. have expressed their concern about the inability of tertiary education to make changes, which are judged to be necessary, within the context of global economic competition and the learning societies. In order to enhance adult university education, certain proposals are put forward: accessing the universities to the needs of the local as well as the wider society; at the same time, universities must respond by meeting the diverse interests of adult students; developing flexible practical accreditation of non-formal and informal learning; and providing quality assurance procedures for the courses offered in this particular field of educational services.
Synergistic antibacterial effects of herbal extracts and antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A computational and experimental study
Authors: Kuok Chiu-Fai , Hoi Sai-On , Hoi Chi-Fai , Chan Chi-Hong , Fong Io-Hong , Ngok Cheong-Kei , Meng Li-Rong , Fong Pedro
Published: January 2017

Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global concern, and the discovery of antimicrobial herbal constituents may provide valuable solutions to overcome the problem. In this study, the effects of therapies combining antibiotics and four medicinal herbs on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were investigated. Specifically, the synergistic effects of Magnolia officinalis, Verbena officinalis, Momordica charantia, and Daphne genkwa in combination with oxacillin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant (ATCC43300) and methicillin-susceptible (ATCC25923) S. aureus were examined. In vitro susceptibility and synergistic testing were performed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the antibiotics and medicinal herbs against MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. To identify the active constituents in producing these synergistic effects, in silico molecular docking was used to investigate the binding affinities of 139 constituents of the four herbs to the two common MRSA inhibitory targets, penicillin binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) and 4 (PBP4). The physicochemical and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and drug safety profiles of these compounds were also analyzed. D. genkwa extract potentiated the antibacterial effects of oxacillin against MRSA, as indicated by an FIC index value of 0.375. M. officinalis and V. officinalis produced partial synergistic effects when combined with oxacillin, whereas M. charantia was found to have no beneficial effects in inhibiting MRSA. Overall, tiliroside, pinoresinol, magnatriol B, and momorcharaside B were predicted to be PBP2a or PBP4 inhibitors with good drug-like properties. This study identifies compounds that deserve further investigation with the aim of developing therapeutic agents to modulate the effect of antibiotics on MRSA.

Impact statement

Antibiotic resistant is a well-known threat to global health and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most significant ones. These resistant bacteria kill thousands of people every year and therefore a new effective antimicrobial treatment is necessary. This study identified the herbs and their associated bioactive ingredients that can potential the effects of current antibiotics. These herbs have long history of human usage in China and have well-defined monograph in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. These indicate their relatively high clinical safety and may have a quicker drug development process than that of a new novel antibiotic. Based on the results of this study, the authors will perform further in vitro and animal studies, aiming to accumulate significant data for the application of clinical trial.
The Foot Orthoses versus Hip eXercises (FOHX) trial for patellofemoral pain: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial to determine if foot mobility is associated with better outcomes from foot orthoses
Authors: Matthews Mark , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Claus Andrew , McPoil Tom , Nee Robert , Crossley Kay , Kasza Jessica , Paul Sanjoy , Mellor Rebecca , Vicenzino Bill
Published: January 2017

Background

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent, often recalcitrant and multifactorial knee pain condition. One method to optimize treatment outcome is to tailor treatments to the patient's presenting characteristics. Foot orthoses and hip exercises are two such treatments for PFP with proven efficacy yet target different ends of the lower limb with different proposed mechanisms of effect. These treatments have not been compared head‐to‐head, so there is a dearth of evidence for which to use clinically. Only foot orthoses have been explored for identifying patient characteristics that might predict a beneficial effect with either of these two treatments. Preliminary evidence suggests patients will do well with foot orthoses if they have a midfoot width in weight bearing that is ≥ 11 mm more than in non‐weight bearing, but this has yet to be verified in a study that includes a comparator treatment and an adequate sample size. This trial will determine if: (i) hip exercises are more efficacious than foot orthoses, and (ii) greater midfoot width mobility will be associated with success with foot orthoses, when compared to hip exercises.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty participants, aged 18–40 years, with a clinical diagnosis of PFP will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio to receive foot orthoses or progressive resisted hip exercises, and stratified into two subgroups based on their presenting midfoot width mobility (high mobility defined as ≥11 mm). The primary outcome will be a 7‐point Likert scale for global rating of change. All analyses will be conducted on an intention‐to‐treat basis using regression models.

Discussion

This trial is designed to compare the efficacy of foot orthoses versus hip exercise, as well as to determine if high midfoot width mobility is associated with better outcomes with foot orthoses when compared to hip exercises. Results of this trial will assist clinicians in optimising the management of those with PFP by testing whether a simple measure of midfoot width mobility can help to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from foot orthoses.

Trial registration

This trial is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ACTRN12614000260628)
The experience of foot problems and decisions to access foot care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: Wilson Oonagh , Kirwan John , Dures Emma , Quest Enid , Hewlett Sarah
Published: January 2017

Background

Although foot problems are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the consequences of foot problems from the patient perspective have not been fully explored. The aims of this study were to explore the experience of foot problems and decisions to access foot care services or not in patients with RA.

Methods

Semi structured, one‐to‐one interviews with patients recruited from 2 UK rheumatology units, purposively sampled for self‐reported foot problems and a range of personal/disease characteristics. Inductive thematic analysis was used, with rigour provided by multiple independent analysers. Emerging themes were discussed and agreed by all authors.

Results

Twelve patients participated: 7 female; mean age 56 years (29–72); mean disease duration 12 years (2–27), 5 had accessed foot care services. The ‘Impact’ of foot problems was substantial and formed the underpinning theme, comprising three organising themes: ‘Foot symptoms'; ‘Consequences'; and ‘Cost’. Foot symptoms such as pain and numbness required self‐management, and affected daily life (walking, working) leading to social and emotional costs. The global theme, ‘Decision to access foot care or not’, also comprised three organising themes: ‘Access perceived unnecessary’ (no problem, can cope); ‘Access hindered by patients' perception’; and ‘Access supported by patient and clinician’. Decisions to access foot care or not were complex and influenced by patient beliefs regarding possible treatments and how to access these, and hindered by patient perceptions that their feet were ignored by rheumatology clinicians. Positive experience of foot care encouraged continued utilisation but negative experiences contributed to patients' decisions to discontinue foot care services.

Conclusions

Foot problems are important issues for patients and impact on many aspects of their physical, social and emotional lives. Patients who had accessed foot care services prioritised their foot problems as an important health care need. However, for others who would like foot care services, personal knowledge and values, and perceived barriers in clinical practice, appear to interact to inhibit foot care access. The extent which these interactions affect overall access to foot care in RA patients in general now needs to be quantified to help to inform and improve the effectiveness of the organisation and delivery of foot care.
Hidden library: visualizing fragments of medieval manuscripts in early-modern bookbindings with mobile macro-XRF scanner
Authors: Duivenvoorden Jorien R. , Käyhkö Anna , Kwakkel Erik , Dik Joris
Published: January 2017

This experiment demonstrates the large potential of macro-XRF imaging for the visualization of fragments of medieval manuscripts hidden in early–modern bookbindings. The invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century made manuscripts obsolete and bookbinders started recycling their strong parchment leaves to reinforce bindings of printed books. One in roughly every five early-modern books contains a fragment of a medieval manuscript hidden underneath the bookbinding. Systematically investigating these fragments will provide scholars with valuable information about transmission and variant readings of medieval texts. Four case studies were scanned with a Bruker M6 Jetstream mobile XRF scanner. We were able to visualize hidden texts underneath black paint, paper and parchment at such a high resolution that they could be read and dated. One of the findings was an early twelfth-century excerpt of a text by the Venerable Bede in a sixteenth-century bookbinding. In addition, we were able to separately visualize the lower and upper text of a famous palimpsest. The main limitation of the current set-up is the scanning time, which took anywhere between 6 and 66 h. In order to systematically employ macro-XRF for researching medieval fragments, the scanning time needs to be decreased. Nonetheless, this experiment shows that the macro-XRF technique is extremely suitable for visualizing fragments of medieval manuscripts in a non-destructive way in order to read, date and localize them.
In-situ tool wear monitoring and its effects on the performance of porcine cortical bone drilling: a comparative in-vitro investigation
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Pandey Pulak M.
Published: January 2017

Background

Drilling is one of the most widely used process in orthopaedic surgical operation and the same drill bit is used a number of times in hospitals. Using the same drill bit a several times may be the cause of osteosynthesis and osteonecrosis.

Methods

In the present work, the effect of repeated orthopaedic surgical twist drill bit on the tool wear, force, torque, temperature and chip morphology during porcine cortical bone drilling is studied. Results were compared with rotary ultrasonic drilling (RUD) on the same bone using a hollow drill tool coated with diamond grains. A sequence of 200 experiments (100 with each process, RUD and CD) were performed with constant process parameters.

Results

Wear area on the drill bit is significantly increased as the drill bit is used repeatedly in CD, whereas no attritious wear was found on the diamond coated grains in RUD.

Conclusions

Comparative results showed that cutting force, torque and temperature increased as a function of tool wear in CD as the same drill bit was used a number of times. No significant variation in the cutting force and torque was observed in RUD as the number of drilled holes increased.
Multimodalities of Metaphor: A Perspective from the Poetic Arts
Authors: Freeman Margaret H.
Published: January 2017

In this article the author explores the notion of possible bidirectionality in metaphor through an examination of Black's (1962, 1993) interaction theory, Fauconnier and Turner's (2002) blending theory, and several studies that document cases of interdomain influence in metaphorical expressions. In particular, the author reviews Forceville's (1995) examples of possible bidirectionality in film, advertisement, poetry, and a real-life incident. In further exploring more general notions of metaphorical workings in various genres, the author concludes that not only is metaphorical bidirectionality possible, it explains how the arts enable us to iconically connect with the world through our embodied cognition, not as objective observers in the Western classical sense but as participatory sharers of that world.
Synthesis of POSS Derivatives Having Dual Types of Alkyl Substituents and Their Application as a Molecular Filler for Low-Refractive and Highly Durable Materials
Authors: Ueda Kazunari , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: January 2017

The preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives possessing different types of alkyl substituents and their application as a molecular filler for simultaneously lowering refractive indices and enhancing thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are described. The modified POSS derivatives were prepared in situ through sol–gel reactions in the presence of two types of alkylsilanes. The products had molecular distributions originating from the formation of cubic and pentagonal prism structures and variable introduction ratios of alkyl substituents. Owing to the reduction of symmetry, the POSS fillers showed high miscibility with PMMA. From optical and thermal measurements, it was demonstrated that the POSS fillers with dual types of substituents can lower refractive indices (RIs) of PMMA matrices and enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
AlBr3-Mediated Tandem Cyclization–Carboxylation of Allenylbenzenes with CO2 in the Presence of Pyridines
Authors: Tanaka Shinya , Chiba Masafumi , Saito Yuki , Yamamoto Takaya , Hattori Tetsutaro
Published: January 2017

Indene-2-carboxylic acids are prepared from allenylbenzenes and CO2 by an AlBr3-mediated tandem reaction consisting of intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of allenylbenzenes and subsequent carbonation of the resulting indenylaluminum species. The reaction requires 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine or 2,6-diiodopyridine to neutralize an acidic by-product without deactivating the Lewis acid.
D–π–A Dyes with an Intramolecular B–N Coordination Bond as a Key Scaffold for Electronic Structural Tuning and Their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Shimogawa Hiroyuki , Endo Masaru , Taniguchi Takuhiro , Nakaike Yumi , Kawaraya Masahide , Segawa Hiroshi , Murata Yasujiro , Wakamiya Atsushi
Published: January 2017

A series of D–π–A dyes (AK1–5) was designed and synthesized for applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). AK1–5 contain triphenylamines as electron donors (D), bithiophene π-spacers, boryl-substituted thienylthiazole as electron acceptors (A), and carboxylic acid derivatives as anchor groups. Electrochemical and photophysical measurements on AK1–5 revealed that the use of boryl-substituted thienylthiazole moieties with intramolecular B–N coordination bonds effectively increases the electron-accepting ability of such dyes. The electronic effects of the substituents on the boron center, as well as those of the anchor group enable fine-tuning of the LUMO level, which leads to red shift of the absorption bands of these dyes. Subsequently, DSSCs based on AK1–5 were fabricated, and their performance was examined in terms of the relationship between their electronic structure and the absorption range for photon-to-electricity conversion.
The necessity for the observer to examine the system from a first-person frame of reference to trace the path of generation of inner sensations
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I.
Published: January 2017

Anyone seeking to study the first-person properties of higher brain functions faces significant difficulties. Since a third-person observer cannot access the first-person-inner sensations in a subject, the current studies are using behavioral manifestations in lieu of inner sensations of higher brain functions. It is required to cross a barrier for understanding the mechanism of formation of internal sensations. The present work explains why the system should be making a first-person search to induce sensory qualia for the internal sensations and the observer who traces along the same path must make an examination from a first-person frame of reference.
Game Theory Approach to Stakeholder Management in Small-Scaled Projects
Authors: ��������  , Borovkov Maxim
Published: January 2017

The principles of Game Theory and the games that emerge as a result

are academically intriguing and can help us consider various strategies for

interacting with the people around, especially those in the professional settings.

Effective communication has always been a key to building a successful

project management process. This research serves as an attempt

to close the gap between game-theoretic way of thinking and existing project

management models. In more detail, my research aims at creating a

consistent framework for a stakeholder analysis, implementing some tactics,

tools and techniques from mathematical analysis of cooperation and

conflict. The research goal is going to be achieved by implementing the

bounded ethnography method based on inductive approach. The results of

the study elaborate on the possible applicability and significance of Game

Theory in the project environment and provide project managers with a

powerful extension of traditional stakeholder analysis. Generated Stakeholder

Calibration Framework (SCF) is the final research outcome.
Oil and Gas Project Portfolio Creating Based on Scenario Planning Methodology
Authors: ��������  , Barkhatov Vladimir , ������  , Vlasov D.
Published: January 2017

Nowadays scenario planning becomes a popular decision-making tool. It is actively used in project portfolio management, in particular for the purposes of creating a project portfolio in definite scenario. The peculiarities of oil and gas investment projects do not allow realize them promptly even under favorable changes of business environment. Whereas under adverse conditions losses caused by premature project stop can reach tens and hundreds millions of dollars. The authors present the methodical approach designed to create a sustainable oil and gas project portfolio and its application on contingent list of projects. The use of developed approach allows strengthen an oil and gas company positions and increase the probability of reaching its strategic objectives under uncertainty conditions.
Index Map of Competitive Positioning of the BRICS Countries. Statement of Results
Authors: Данько  , Danko Tamara
Published: January 2017

On the map of the competitive positioning of countries in the world currently

breaks the powerful bloc of BRICS, which has its own history. We are interested

in the indices, the coefficients of the competitive positioning of these countries

and integrated assessment of their behavior in the current situation.
System of Schoolchildren Giftedness Training: Methodological Aspect and Practice
Authors: Петерсон  , Peterson L. , Абатурова  , Abaturova Valentina , Кубышева  , Kubysheva M.
Published: January 2017

The article presents a new approach to the work with talented children — “training” of giftedness on the bases of methodology of the general theory of

activity (G.P. Shchedrovitsky, O.S. Anisimov, etc.) and activity method (L.G. Peterson). The article describes a range of innovative technical and didactic

tools, which help in growing of each student’s talent, based on the continuity of the educational process, it also presents the practical testing results of

mentioned tools in various types of secondary schools (e.g. training of mathematical genius).
Using Mustard Oil As an Ecological Additive to Petroleum Diesel Fuel
Authors: Неверова  , Neverova V. , Марков  , Markov V. , Бовэнь  , Boven Sa
Published: January 2017

The depletion of oil fields and the deteriorating environmental situation leads to the need for the search of new alternative sources of energy. Actuality of the article due to the need for greater use of the alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is necessary. Fuels produced from vegetable oils and animal fats as advanced alternative fuels for diesel engines are considered. These fuels are produced from renewable raw materials and are characterized by good environmental qualities. Advantages of using fuels of vegetable origin as motor fuels are shown. Experimental research of diesel engine D-245.12S functioning on mixtures of diesel fuel and mustard oil of various percentage is given. One of the most wide spread vegetable oils in Russia is mustard oil. Possible ways of using mustard oil as fuel for a diesel engine are considered. An opportunity of improving characteristics of exhaust gases toxicity by using these mixtures as a fuel for automobile and tractor diesel engines is demonstrated.
Estimation of Noise Influence to the Health of Population: Italian and Russian Approache
Authors: Васильев  , Vasilyev Andrey , Луцци  , Luzzi Sergio
Published: January 2017

Negative noise influence to the population health is increasing every year. Italian and Russian approaches to noise influence estimation are described. Acoustic comfort in urban areas cannot be completely separated by other factors influencing the quality of life. Results of estimation of noise influence are presented. Modeling of noise propagation and noise mapping in Russia are considered. Formalization and modeling of transport flows it is suggested to do by using of influence diagrams. Example of transport noise estimation in Italy is described.
Optimization of Process of Phytoremediation of Toluenein in Ecologically Polluted Areas
Authors: Агагусейнова  , Agaguseynova M. , Мамедова  , Mamedova S.
Published: January 2017

The article is devoted to optimization of phytoremediation of toluene in ecologically polluted areas. The tasks of optimization of phytoremediation process in closed production sites the air of which is polluted with toluene non – homogen ically are considered and solved. In order to solve the formulated task on optimization of serial phytoremediation the new notion that is intensity of phytoremediation is suggested and the averaged value of latter is imposed by limitation condition. It is shown, that upon carrying out of serial phytoremediation of sites polluted non-homogenically with toluene the optimization of phytoremediation process can be implemented by providing the non-linear dependence between the speed of removal of polluter and duration of one subcycle of remediation.
Longer time after bariatric surgery and sedentary leisure modify anthropometric parameters, body composition and sarcopenic obesity markers in women
Authors: Hintze Luzia , Silva Danilo , Bianchini Josiane , Dada Rafaela , McNeil Jessica , Nardo Junior Nelson
Published: January 2017

Sarcopenic Obesity is known as a decrease in the quantity and quality of the skeletal muscle mass and increase in fat mass. It can be measured by the residual appendicular skeletal muscle mass (Ap SMM) based on the difference between actual and predicted values. Even though this condition is more common among sedentary elderlies, it may be present in subjects who underwent Bariatric Surgery (BS). We aimed to evaluate the influence of time after BS and physical activity level (PAL) during leisure time on anthropometric parameters, body composition and sarcopenic obesity markers in women. It is a cross-sectional study involving 42 women divided into two groups according to the time since BS and two groups according to PAL. Anthropometric variables, body composition, and sarcopenic obesity markers were assessed. The variables appendicular skeletal muscle mass, height, and fat mass were used to determine sarcopenic obesity markers. Non-parametric numerical tests were used for group comparison and significance level was set at p<0.05. Considering women with sedentary leisure only, those with longer time after BS had higher current body weight and BMI, waist and hip circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, Ap SMM (equation, residual, and relative) (p<0.05). Considering women with longer time after BS only, sedentary ones had higher current body weight and BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass (relative only), Ap SMM (equation and relative) (p<0.05). Our data indicate that longer time after BS and sedentary leisure modify anthropometric parameters, body composition and sarcopenic obesity markers in women.
Intervenção com atividade física em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde - Projeto UBS+Ativa: Aspectos metodológicos
Authors: Galliano Leony , Seus Thamires , Peixoto Márcio , Silva William , Silveira Denise , Del Vecchio Fabrício , Hallal Pedro , Siqueira Fernando
Published: January 2017

O Sistema Único de Saúde é o principal meio de acesso à saúde em nível populacional. A prática atividade física regular é reconhecidamente comportamento capaz de prevenir doenças crônicas e interage de forma positiva com outras estratégias comportamentais de promoção da saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a metodologia do Projeto UBS+Ativa, programa de intervenção com atividade física em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) localizada em Pelotas/RS. A intervenção é baseada em quatro atividades específicas: a) Estudo de linha de base; b) Atividade de divulgação; c) Grupo de atividade física orientada; d) Atendimento ambulatorial. Na linha de base, foram entrevistadas 601 residentes da área de abrangência da UBS.  A divulgação do projeto visava recrutar participantes para o grupo de atividade física e para o atendimento ambulatorial individualizado; >2.500 folhetos foram distribuídos. Também, 470 pacientes foram abordados na sala de espera e receberam uma explicação presencial sobre o projeto e a importância da atividade física para a saúde. As aulas coletivas e o atendimento ambulatorial ocorrem três vezes por semana. Tal intervenção tem o potencial para ser ampliados localmente e nacionalmente.
The effects of intra-articular tranexamic acid given intraoperatively and intravenous tranexamic acid given preoperatively on post surgical bleeding and transfusion rate post total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Triyudanto Aryo N. , Lubis Andri M.T.
Published: January 2017

Background: Despite the advances in the design and fixation of implants in total knee replacement (TKR). the amount of postoperative bleeding is still an important issue that has not been resolved. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of various tranexamic acid administration.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial study, held from August 2014 to February 2016 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Twenty two patients having TKR were divided into three groups: the control group, the tranexamic acid intra-articular-intraoperative group, and the intravenous preoperative group. Intraoperative bleeding, haemoglobin (Hb) level on preoperative to five-day-post-surgery, total drain production, total blood tranfusion needed and the drain removal timing were recorded and compared. Numerical data were analyzed by using parametric and non-parametric test, depended on the normality of the data.

Results: The amount of blood transfusion needed in both the intra-articular group (200±SD 100 mL) and the intravenous group (238±SD 53 mL) were significantly different compared to those in the control group (1,016±SD 308.2 mL) (p=0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the amount of blood transfusion needed in the intra-articular group and the intravenous group. Total drain production in the intra-articular group (328±SD 193 mL) and intravenous group (391±SD 185 mL) was significantly different compared to the control group (652±SD 150 mL) (p=0.003). No significant difference between the levels of both preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin, the amount of intraoperative bleeding, and the duration of drain usage.

Conclusion: Intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid effectively decreased transfusion volume and drain production in patients undergoing TKR.
MMP-9, brain edema, and length of hospital stay of patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage after hematoma evacuation along with the administration of tigecycline
Authors: Saekhu Mohamad , Ibrahim Nurhadi , Timan Ina S. , Madjid Amir S. , Muttaqin Zainal , Ronokusumo Teguh A.S. , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Mahyuddin Hilman
Published: January 2017

Background: The high plasma level of matrix metalloproteinses–9 (MMP-9) is believed to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cause brain edema, as well as increase patient’s length of hospital stay (LOS). Tigecycline showed ability to reduce the MMP-9 level on study in animals. This study aimed to evaluate whether tigecycline can reduce the plasma levels of MMP-9; brain edema; and LOS of patients with supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH).Methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 72 SSICH patients who underwent hematoma evacuation in eleven hospitals in Jakarta; 100 mg tigecycline (n=35) or 2 g fosfomycine (n=37) administered intravenously before skin incision as an prophylactic antibiotics to avoid post-operative infections. Plasma levels of MMP-9 were measured in all subjects before and on the first and seventh day after the surgery. Reduction of brain edema was assessed by comparing the extent of brain edema on computed tomography scan (CT scan) before and CT scan after surgery. The length of stay (LOS) was recorded at the time of hospital discharge either survive or death. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square test.Results: There were non-significant statistical differences between two groups in the proportion of subjects with reduced MMP-9 levels on the first day (48% vs 50%; p=0.902; OR=1.1) and seventh day after the surgery (33% vs 48%; p=0.296; OR=1.9); proportion of the subjects with brain edema reduction (86% vs 80%, p=0.58); LOS (median 12 days vs 13 days, p=0.256; LOS ≥15 days 40% vs 27%; p=0.243; OR=1.81; NNT=8).Conclusion: On SSICH patients who underwent hematoma evacuation, tigecycline did not either reduce MMP-9 levels and brain edema or shorthen LOS.
Five key recommendations for the implementation of Hospital Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration systems in Scotland
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Slee Ann , Sheikh Aziz
Published: January 2017

NHS Scotland is about to embark on the implementation of Hospital Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (HEPMA) systems. There are a number of risks associated with such ventures, thus drawing on existing experiences from other settings is crucial in informing deployment.Drawing on our previous and ongoing work in English settings as well as the international literature, we reflect on key lessons that NHS Scotland may wish to consider in going forward. These deliberations include recommendations surrounding key aspects of deployment strategy surrounding: 1) the way central coordination should be conceptualised, 2) how flexibility in can be ensured, 3) paying attention to optimising systems from the outset, 4) how expertise should be developed and centrally shared, and 5) ways in which learning from experience can be maximised.Our five recommendations will, we hope, provide a starting point for the strategic deliberations of policy makers. Throughout this journey, it is important to view the deployment of HEPMA as part of a wider strategic goal of creating integrated digital infrastructures across Scotland.
Hubungan antara Prestasi Belajar pada Anak dengan Gangguan Tidur di SDN 03 Pondok Cina Depok
Authors: Indahwati Nuri , Sekartini Rini
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak terbanyak terjadi pada anak usia sekolah. Di Indonesia, prevalensi gangguan tidur pada anak tergolong cukup tinggi, tetapi kesadaran orang tua masih rendah. Gangguan tidur pada anak dapat berdampak pada prestasi belajar anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara gangguan tidur dan faktor sosiodemografi dengan prestasi belajar anak usia sekolah.Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada Oktober 2015-September 2016 terhadap anak berusia 7-12 tahun di SDN 03 Pondok Cina, Depok. Orang tua anak mengisi kuesioner sosiodemografi dan kuesioner sleep disturbance scale for children. Prestasi belajar didapat dari nilai rapor mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA).Hasil. Sejumlah 154 subjek melengkapi kuesioner dan didapatkan prevalensi gangguan tidur 44,8%, dengan jenis terbanyak gangguan transisi tidur-bangun (50,6%). Gangguan tidur berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar yang rendah pada pelajaran Matematika (p=0,006) dan nilai rata-rata Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, dan IPA (p=0,025). Faktor sosiodemografi yaitu usia anak, jenis kelamin, usia ibu, pendidikan terakhir ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan ayah, pendapatan ibu, dan bentuk keluarga berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar anak.Kesimpulan. Gangguan tidur dan beberapa faktor sosiodemografi berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar anak usia sekolah.
Insidens Kandidemia di Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo
Authors: Indrawan Doddy Kurnia , Pudjiadi Antonius H , Latief Abdul Latief
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Kandidemia menjadi salah satu masalah di PICU, angka ejadiannya meningkat setiap tahun dengan angka kematian yang tinggi, serta memperpanjang masa rawat di rumah sakit. Sampai saat ini, data insidens kandidemia pada anak masih terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui insidens kandidemia di PICU RSCM.Metode. Penelitian retrospektif dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan mencatat data rekam medis pasien kandidemia pada anak periode 1 Januari 2013 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Hasil. Didapatkan 32 kejadian kandidemia dalam kurun waktu pengambilan data. Median usia pasien 12,8 bulan, 57,7% berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Sebagian besar pasien mengalami gizi kurang, 69,2% kasus bedah dan 30,8% non bedah. Penggunaan steroid 11,5%. Selama perawatan di PICU, 96,2% pasien menggunakan ETT, 100% menggunakan kateter vena sentral dan kateter urin. Pasien yang menggunakan antibiotik >15 hari 80,8%. Median skor awal PELOD adalah 12. Median waktu pemberian anti jamur 15,8 hari perawatan di PICU, luaran hidup 65,4%, rerata lama rawat PICU 25,8 hari. Penyakit yang mendasari perawatan di PICU 7,7% infeksi saluran pernapasan, 3,8% infeksi sistem saraf, 19,2% syok sepsis, 3,8% pascabedah kepala leher, 11,5% pasca bedah dada, dan 53,8 pasca bedah abdomen. Rerata lama pemggunaan ETT 10,04 hari, kateter vena sentral 15,65 hari, dan kateter urin 11,15 hari. Jenis kandida terbanyak adalah kandida parapsilosis. Lebih dari dua antibiotik diberikan pada 76,8% pasien sebelum mendapatkan anti jamur.Kesimpulan. Kejadian kandidemia serupa dengan negara berkembang lainnya dan ditemukan meningkat pada pasien dengan status gizi kurang, pasacabedah, penggunaan alat medis invasif, dan penggunaa antibiotik >15 hari.
Lead corrosion inhibition by cedrus atlantica as a green inhibitor in 0.1M Na2CO3 solution
Authors: Elmiziani Inaam , Houbairi Sara , Essahli Mohamed , Lhaloui Saadia , Lamiri Abdeslam
Published: January 2017

The inhibition of lead corrosion in 0.1 M Na2CO3 solution with the essential oil of Atlas cedar was studied by polarization and impedance. The studies of polarization showed that the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica acts as a cathodic inhibitor. The different thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated to understand the energy changes associated during the inhibition process. The effectiveness increases with the concentration to reach 70% at concentration of 2000 ppm.
Forgiveness flexibility scale for secondary education: Validity and reliability study
Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde affetme esnekliği ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Çolak Tuğba Seda , Koç Mustafa , Eker Halime , Düşünceli Betül
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study is to develop a scale which determines forgiveness flexibility level of secondary education students and to test reliability and validity of the scale. The study was actualized with 651 secondary education students. As result of exploratory factor analysis, which was used to test structure validity of the scale, a structure which explains 45.5% variance of total scale was attained. According to results of exploratory factor analysis, total 14 items collected at three factors. Factors were identified as recognition of forgiveness, internalization of forgiveness and practice of genuine forgiveness. When scale’s reliability study was made by split-half reliability method, correlation found .71 (p<.01). It can be said based on the findings that Forgiveness Flexibility Scale High School Form is a reliable and valid instrument which can be used in the fields of education and psychology. ÖzetAraştırmanın amacı, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde affetme esnekliğini belirleyen bir ölçek geliştirmek ve ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmektir. Araştırma 651 ortaöğretim öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliğini test etmek için kullanılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin toplam varyansının %45.5’ini açıklayan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre; toplam 14 madde, üç faktörde toplanmaktadır. Faktörler affetmeyi tanıma, affetmeyi içselleştirme ve gerçek affetmeyi uygulama olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik çalışması testi ikiye ayırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirildiğinde .71 (p<.01) korelasyon bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak Affetme Esnekliği Lise Formu Ölçeğinin eğitim ve psikoloji alanında kullanılabilecek, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
Graffiti as a communication tool in public space: the case of Beyoğlu, Yüksek Kaldırım Street
Kamusal mekânda iletişim aracı olarak grafiti: Beyoğlu, Yüksek Kaldırım Sokağı örneği
Authors: Erdoğan Gizem
Published: January 2017

The term of Graffiti originated from Greek graphein can be explained simply as a critical expression including social-cultural and political responses to opposing ideologies in urban public spaces. The aim of this study to asses the concept of graffiti in the context of public space–public art with respect to the urbanism and also, examine its spatial and functional roles in urban public spaces as a communication tool.These examinations are focused on the debates over the public spaces, theirs individual usability and also theirs spatial and functional impacts on social and cultural life.It is considered that this study contributes to define both spatial and functional characteristics of graffiti phenomen as a social commnunication tool in within the the context of the public space and public art. ÖzetAntik Yunanda yazmak filline köklenen Grafiti olgusu, yaygın ideolojik düşüncenin karşısında sosyal-kültürel ve politik içerikli muhalif ifade biçiminin mekânsal düzlemde yansıması olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; kamusal mekân–kamusal sanat bağlamında grafiti olgusunun kent bilim alanı açısından değerlendirilerek, bireysel temsiliyet kavramı temelinde iletişim aracı olarak mekansal ve işlevsel rolünün sorgulanmasıdır. Bu sorgulamalar; kamusal mekân kavramının sosyal yaşam ve birey üzerindeki yansımalarının belirlenmesi, bireylerin kamusal mekânlar üzerindeki mekânsal–işlevsel etkilerinin ortaya konulması ve kamusal mekân kullanımının tartışılmasına dayanmaktadır. Bu yönüyle, araştırmanın “kamusal mekân” ve “kamusal sanat” bağlamında grafiti olgusunun sosyal iletişim aracı olarak mekânsal ve işlevsel karakteristiğinin tanımlanmasına katkı koyacağı düşünülmektedir.