bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical vulnerabilities of nutrient content claims under U.S. FDA per serving size, CAC per 100 g or mL, CAC per serving size, and CAC per 100 kcal and the nutrient content of foods based on the proposed method
Authors: Forouzesh Abed , Forouzesh Fatemeh , Foroushani Sadegh Samadi , Forouzesh Abolfazl
Published: July 2020

We revealed critical vulnerabilities of nutrient content claims under FDA per serving size (serving), CAC per 100 g or mL, CAC per serving, and CAC per 100 kcal and developed the proposed method to remove all vulnerabilities. We calculated the nutrient content of foods based on nutrient content claims under the proposed method. Then, we determined nutrient content claims for foods and food groups, and specified similarities between nutrient content claims in food groups. Also, we ranked foods and food groups based on met claims of the nutrient content. Nutrient content claims based on the proposed method, including free, very low, low, source, and high claims were determined in 8596 food items, 29 nutrients, and 25 food groups of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, release 28. Source and high claims are used for positive nutrients (including vitamins, minerals except sodium, protein, and dietary fiber). The very low claim is used for sodium, and free and low claims are used for cholesterol, energy, saturated fat, sodium, and total fat (also known as negative nutrients). In general, critical vulnerabilities of nutrient content claims under FDA and CAC can cause: (1) excessive energy intake based on FDA and CAC per serving and CAC per 100 g or mL; (2) exceeding the DV (NRV) for low nutrients under FDA per serving and CAC per 100 g or mL by consuming small amounts of foods per day; (3) the presence of nutrient free, but not low nutrient, foods based on FDA per serving and CAC per 100 g or mL; (4) the calculation of nutrient content in inappropriate amounts of foods based on FDA per serving, CAC per 100 g or mL, CAC per 100 kcal, and CAC per serving; and (5) determination of energy from total fat and saturated fat for relevant claims in inappropriate portions based on FDA per serving and CAC per 100 g or mL. Breakfast cereals, baby foods, pork products, lamb, veal, and game products, poultry products, and beef products had the highest average of scores for source and high nutrients. Restaurant foods, fast foods, and sausages and luncheon meats had the lowest average of scores for free, very low, and low nutrients. Nutrient source or high nutrient foods for all 24 positive nutrients were found in seven food groups (American Indian/Alaska Native foods; baby foods; beverages; dairy and egg products; legumes and legume products; meals, entrees, and side dishes; vegetables and vegetable products). There were very few source and high foods for potassium and vitamin D. Also, there were very few energy free foods.
Mobile Cabin Hospital compulsory quarantine for mild patients was an alternative method to combat COVID-19: the Chinese experience
Authors:   Working Group on Fighting the COVID-19 epidemic in WuHan Hanyang Mobile Cabin Hospital, China, Li Hongru , Lin Jiaping , Lian Hongmei , Chen Kang , Lyu Yongtao , Chen Yusheng , Ren Lili , Zheng Li , Lin Zhisheng , Yu Xueying , Chen Zihan , Al-Wathnani Hend , Rensing Christopher , Qian Xin , Yang Xinghai
Published: July 2020

Background

Since the end of 2019 to the present day, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an immense impact on China and on other countries worldwide. This outbreak represents a serious threat to the lives and health of people all around the world. The epidemic first broke out in Wuhan, where the Chinese government was unable to prevent the spread of the disease by implementing home quarantine measures. Mobile cabin hospitals were used to relieve pressure on hospitals due to the need for beds while also isolating the sources of the infection through a centralized quarantine and treatment of mild cases.

Method

This paper reviewed and summarized the treatment of patients with mild illness and symptoms during the period from the construction to the closing of the Hanyang Mobile Cabin Hospital in Wuhan, China, and presented the operational elements and possible improvements of running this hospital.

Results

Mobile cabin hospitals helped China to curb the epidemic in only 2 incubation periods in 28 days.The basic conditions required for a normal operation of mobile cabin hospitals included the selection of the environment, medical staff to patient ratio, organizational structure, management model, admission criteria, treatment approaches, discharge process, livelihood guarantee, security, and other safeguarding measures. All of these components were performed carefully in Wuhan Hanyang Mobile Cabin Hospital, without medical staff being infected.

Conclusion

The mobile cabin hospital compulsory quarantine for mild patients was an alternative method to combat COVID-19. It is hoped that the presented work in this manuscript can serve as a reference for the emergency prevention and control measures for global epidemic outbreaks.
The role of alpha oscillations in a premotor-cerebellar loop in modulation of motor learning: insights from transcranial alternating current stimulation
Authors: Schubert Christine , Dabbagh Alhuda , Classen Joseph , Krämer Ulrike M. , Tzvi Elinor
Published: July 2020

Alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) have been shown to play an important role in dynamic neural processes underlying learning and memory. The goal of this study was to scrutinize the role of α oscillations in communication within a network implicated in motor sequence learning. To this end, we conducted two experiments using the serial reaction time task. In the first experiment, we explored changes in α power and cross-channel α coherence. We found a gradual decrease in learning-related α power over left premotor cortex (PMC), somatosensory cortex (S1) and tempo-parietal junction (TPJ). Alpha coherence between left PMC/S1 and right cerebellar crus I was reduced for sequence learning, possibly reflecting a functional decoupling in a motor-cerebellar loop during the motor learning process. In the second experiment in a different cohort, we applied 10Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a method shown to entrain local oscillatory activity, to left M1 (lM1) and right cerebellum (rCB) during sequence learning. We observed learning deficits during rCB tACS compared to sham, but not during lM1 tACS. In addition, learning-related α power following rCB tACS was increased in left PMC, possibly reflecting a decrease in neural activity. Importantly, learning-specific coherence between left PMC and right cerebellar lobule VIIb was enhanced following rCB tACS. These findings suggest that interactions within a premotor-cerebellar loop, which are underlying motor sequence learning, are mediated by α oscillations. We show that they can be modulated through external entrainment of cerebellar oscillations, which then modulates motor cortical α and interferes with sequence learning.
Molecular mechanisms of Cardiac Injury associated with myocardial SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Liu XianFang , Lou LongQuan , Zhou Lei
Published: July 2020

Background

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the world. Developing cardiac injury is a common condition in COVID-19 patients, but the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

The RNA-Seq dataset (GES150392) compared expression profiling of mock human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and SARS-cov-2-infected hiPSC-CMs were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between those two groups. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and CLINVAR human diseases analysis to identify the main effect of SARS-CoV-2 on cardiomyocytes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to visualize interactions and functions of the hub genes.

Results

A total of 1554 DEGs were identified (726 upregulated genes and 828 downregulated genes). Gene enrichment analysis shown that SARS-CoV-2 activate immuno-inflammatory responses via multiple signal pathways, including TNFα, IL6-JAK-STAT3, IL2-STAT5, NF-κB, IL17, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in hiPSC-CMs. Whereas, the muscle contraction, cellular respiration and cell cycle of hiPSC-CMs were inhibited by SARS-CoV-2. CLINVAR human diseases analysis shown SRAS-Cov-2 infection was associated with myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 15 hub genes were identified based on PPI network. Function analysis revealed that 11 upregulated hub genes were mainly enriched in cytokine activity, chemokine activity, Inflammatory response, leukocyte chemotaxis, and lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, 4 downregulated hub genes were related to cell cycle regulation.

Conclusion

The present study elucidates that the SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a strong defensive response in cardiomyocyte, leading to excessive immune inflammation, cell hypoxia, functional contractility reduction and apoptosis, ultimately result in myocardial injury.
Mutations in TMEM43 cause autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder via interaction with connexin-mediated passive conductance channels
Authors: Jang Minwoo Wendy , Oh Doo-Yi , Yi Eunyoung , Liu Xuezhong , Ling Jie , Kim Nayoung , Sharma Kushal , Kim Tai Young , Lee Seungmin , Kim Ah-Reum , Kim Min Young , Kim Min-A , Lee Mingyu , Han Jin-Hee , Han Jae Joon , Park Hye-Rim , Kim Bong Jik , Lee Sang-Yeon , Woo Dong Ho , Oh Jayoung , Oh Soo-Jin , Du Tingting , Koo Ja-Won , Oh Seung Ha , Shin Hyun Woo , Seong Moon-Woo , Lee Kyu Yup , Kim Un-Kyung , Shin Jung Bum , Sang Shushan , Cai Xinzhang , Mei Lingyun , He Chufeng , Blanton Susan H. , Chen Zheng-Yi , Chen Hongsheng , Liu Xianlin , Nourbakhsh Aida , Huang Zaohua , Park Woong-Yang , Feng Yong , Lee C. Justin , Choi Byung Yoon
Published: July 2020

Genes that are primarily expressed in cochlear glia-like supporting cells (GLSs) have never been clearly associated with progressive deafness. Herein, we present a novel deafness locus mapped to chromosome 3p25.1 and a new auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) geneTMEM43mainly expressed in GLSs. We identify p.R372X ofTMEM43by linkage analysis and exome sequencing in two large Asian families. The knock-in (KI) mouse with p.R372X mutation recapitulates a progressive hearing loss with histological abnormalities exclusively in GLSs. Mechanistically, TMEM43 interacts with Cx26 and Cx30 gap junction channels, disrupting the passive conductance current in GLSs in a dominant-negative fashion when the p.R372X mutation is introduced. Based on the mechanistic insights, cochlear implant was performed on two patients and speech discrimination was successfully restored. Our study highlights a pathological role of cochlear GLSs by identifying a novel deafness gene and its causal relationship with ANSD.
Evolution and Genetic Diversity of SARSCoV-2 in Africa Using Whole Genome Sequences
Authors: Motayo Babatunde Olarenwaju , Oluwasemowo Olukunle Oluwapamilerin , Akinduti Paul Akiniyi , Olusola Babatunde Adebiyi , Aerege Olumide T , Faneye Adedayo Omotayo
Published: July 2020

The ongoing SARSCoV-2 pandemic was introduced into Africa on 14thFebruary 2020 and has rapidly spread across the continent causing severe public health crisis and mortality. We investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of this virus during the early outbreak months using whole genome sequences. We performed; recombination analysis against closely related CoV, Bayesian time scaled phylogeny and investigated spike protein amino acid mutations. Results from our analysis showed recombination signals between the AfrSARSCoV-2 sequences and reference sequences within the N and S genes. The evolutionary rate of the AfrSARSCoV-2 was 4.133 × 10−4high posterior density HPD (4.132 × 10−4to 4.134 × 10−4) substitutions/site/year. The time to most recent common ancestor TMRCA of the African strains was December 7th2019. The AfrSARCoV-2 sequences diversified into two lineages A and B with B being more diverse with multiple sub-lineages confirmed by both maximum clade credibility MCC tree and PANGOLIN software. There was a high prevalence of the D614-G spike protein amino acid mutation (82.61%) among the African strains. Our study has revealed a rapidly diversifying viral population with the G614 spike protein variant dominating, we advocate for up scaling NGS sequencing platforms across Africa to enhance surveillance and aid control effort of SARSCoV-2 in Africa.
Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with an endemic human CoV
Authors: Ladner Jason T , Henson Sierra N , Boyle Annalee S , Engelbrektson Anna L , Fink Zane W , Rahee Fatima , D’ambrozio Jonathan , Schaecher Kurt E , Stone Mars , Dong Wenjuan , Dadwal Sanjeet , Yu Jianhua , Caligiuri Michael A , Cieplak Piotr , Bjørås Magnar , Fenstad Mona H , Nordbø Svein A , Kainov Denis E , Muranaka Norihito , Chee Mark S , Shiryaev Sergey A , Altin John A
Published: July 2020

A high-resolution understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is important for the design of effective diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody epitopes remain largely uncharacterized, and it is unknown whether and how the response may cross-react with related viruses. Here, we use a multiplexed peptide assay (‘PepSeq’) to generate an epitope-resolved view of reactivity across all human coronaviruses. PepSeq accurately detects SARS-CoV-2 exposure and resolves epitopes across the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins. Two of these represent recurrent reactivities to conserved, functionally-important sites in the Spike S2 subunit, regions that we show are also targeted for the endemic coronaviruses in pre-pandemic controls. At one of these sites, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 response strongly and recurrently cross-reacts with the endemic virus hCoV-OC43. Our analyses reveal new diagnostic and therapeutic targets, including a site at which SARS-CoV-2 may recruit common pre-existing antibodies and with the potential for broadly-neutralizing responses.
There is no evidence of a universal genetic boundary among microbial species
Authors: Murray Connor S. , Gao Yingnan , Wu Martin
Published: July 2020

A fundamental question in studying microbial diversity is whether there is a species boundary and if the boundary can be delineated by a universal genetic discontinuity. To address this question, Jain et al. computed the pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 91,761 microbial (bacterial and archaeal) genomes (the 90K genome dataset) and found that the ANI values from the 8 billion comparisons follow a strong bimodal distribution1. The authors concluded that a clear genetic discontinuum and species boundary were evident from the unprecedented large-scale ANI analysis. As a result, the researchers advocated that an ANI of 95% can be used to accurately demarcate all currently named microbial species. While the FastANI program described in the paper is useful, we argue that the paper’s conclusion of a universal genetic boundary is questionable and resulted from the substantial biased sampling in genome sequencing. We also caution against being overly confident in using 95% ANI for microbial species delineation as the high benchmarks reported in the paper were inflated by using highly redundant genomes.
Enhanced Brain Imaging Genetics in UK Biobank
Authors: Smith Stephen M , Douaud Gwenaëlle , Chen Winfield , Hanayik Taylor , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Sharp Kevin , Elliott Lloyd T
Published: July 2020

UK Biobank is a major prospective epidemiological study that is carrying out detailed multimodal brain imaging on 100,000 participants, and includes genetics and ongoing health outcomes. As a step forwards in understanding genetic influence on brain structure and function, in 2018 we published genome-wide associations of 3,144 brain imaging-derived phenotypes, with a discovery sample of 8,428 UKB subjects. Here we present a new open resource of GWAS summary statistics, resulting from a greatly expanded set of genetic associations with brain phenotypes, using the 2020 UKB imaging data release of approximately 40,000 subjects. The discovery sample has now almost tripled (22,138), the number of phenotypes increased to 3,935 and the number of genetic variants with MAF≥1% increased to 10 million. For the first time, we include associations on the X chromosome, and several new classes of image derived phenotypes (primarily, more fine-grained subcortical volumes, and cortical grey-white intensity contrast). Previously we had found 148 replicated clusters of associations between genetic variants and imaging phenotypes; here we find 692 replicating clusters of associations, including 12 on the X chromosome. We describe some of the newly found associations, focussing particularly on the X chromosome and autosomal associations involving the new classes of image derived phenotypes. Our novel associations implicate pathways involved in the rare X-linked syndrome STAR (syndactyly, telecanthus and anogenital and renal malformations), Alzheimer’s disease and mitochondrial disorders. All summary statistics are openly available for interactive viewing and download on the “BIG40” open web server.
Re-examining the crystal structure behaviour of nitrogen and methane
Authors: Maynard-Casely Helen E. , Hester James R. , Brand Helen E. A.
Published: July 2020

In the light of NASA's New Horizons mission, the solid-phase behaviour of methane and nitrogen has been re-examined and the thermal expansion coefficients of both materials have been determined over their whole solid temperature range for the first time. Neutron diffraction results indicate that the symmetric Pa
3 space group is the best description for the α-nitrogen structure, rather than the long-accepted P213. Furthermore, it is also observed that β-nitrogen and methane phase I show changes in texture on warming, indicating grain growth.
The structure of a potassium-selective ion channel reveals a hydrophobic gate regulating ion permeation
Authors: Langan Patricia S. , Vandavasi Venu Gopal , Kopec Wojciech , Sullivan Brendan , Afonne Pavel V. , Weiss Kevin L. , de Groot Bert L. , Coates Leighton
Published: July 2020

Protein dynamics are essential to function. One example of this is the various gating mechanisms within ion channels, which are transmembrane proteins that act as gateways into the cell. Typical ion channels switch between an open and closed state via a conformational transition which is often triggered by an external stimulus, such as ligand binding or pH and voltage differences. The atomic resolution structure of a potassium-selective ion channel named NaK2K has allowed us to observe that a hydrophobic residue at the bottom of the selectivity filter, Phe92, appears in dual conformations. One of the two conformations of Phe92 restricts the diameter of the exit pore around the selectivity filter, limiting ion flow through the channel, while the other conformation of Phe92 provides a larger-diameter exit pore from the selectivity filter. Thus, it can be concluded that Phe92 acts as a hydrophobic gate, regulating the flow of ions through the selectivity filter.
Crystal structure of the Rab-binding domain of Rab11 family-interacting protein 2
Authors: Kearney Aoife Mairead , Khan Amir Rafiq
Published: July 2020

The small GTPases Rab11, Rab14 and Rab25 regulate membrane trafficking through the recruitment of Rab11 family-interacting proteins (FIPs) to endocytic compartments. FIPs are multi-domain effector proteins that have a highly conserved Rab-binding domain (RBD) at their C-termini. Several structures of complexes of Rab11 with RBDs have previously been determined, including those of Rab11–FIP2 and Rab11–FIP3. In addition, the structures of the Rab14–FIP1 and Rab25–FIP2 complexes have been determined. All of the RBD structures contain a central parallel coiled coil in the RBD that binds to the switch 1 and switch 2 regions of the Rab. Here, the crystal structure of the uncomplexed RBD of FIP2 is presented at 2.3 Å resolution. The structure reveals antiparallel α-helices that associate through polar interactions. These include a remarkable stack of arginine residues within a four-helix bundle in the crystal lattice.
Expression, purification and crystal structure determination of a ferredoxin reductase from the actinobacteriumThermobifida fusca
Authors: Rodriguez Buitrago Jhon Alexander , Klünemann Thomas , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Schallmey Anett
Published: July 2020

The ferredoxin reductase FdR9 fromThermobifida fusca, a member of the oxygenase-coupled NADH-dependent ferredoxin reductase (FNR) family, catalyses electron transfer from NADH to its physiological electron acceptor ferredoxin. It forms part of a putative three-component cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system inT. fuscacomprising CYP222A1 and the [3Fe–4S]-cluster ferredoxin Fdx8 as well as FdR9. Here, FdR9 was overexpressed and purified and its crystal structure was determined at 1.9 Å resolution. The overall structure of FdR9 is similar to those of other members of the FNR family and is composed of an FAD-binding domain, an NAD-binding domain and a C-terminal domain. Activity measurements with FdR9 confirmed a strong preference for NADH as the cofactor. Comparison of the FAD- and NAD-binding domains of FdR9 with those of other ferredoxin reductases revealed the presence of conserved sequence motifs in the FAD-binding domain as well as several highly conserved residues involved in FAD and NAD cofactor binding. Moreover, the NAD-binding site of FdR9 contains a modified Rossmann-fold motif, GxSxxS, instead of the classical GxGxxG motif.
Structural analysis of a novel substrate-free form of the aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase from Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Jang Hyunseok , Kwon Sunghark , Jeong Chang-Sook , Lee Chang Woo , Hwang Jisub , Jung Kyoung Ho , Lee Jun Hyuck , Park Hyun Ho
Published: July 2020

Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (AACs) catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group between acetyl-CoA and an aminoglycoside, producing CoA and an acetylated aminoglycoside. AAC(6′)-Ii enzymes target the amino group linked to the 6′ C atom in an aminoglycoside. Several structures of the AAC(6′)-Ii from Enterococcus faecium [Ef-AAC(6′)-Ii] have been reported to date. However, the detailed mechanism of its enzymatic function remains elusive. In this study, the crystal structure of Ef-AAC(6′)-Ii was determined in a novel substrate-free form. Based on structural analysis, it is proposed that Ef-AAC(6′)-Ii sequentially undergoes conformational selection and induced fit for substrate binding. These results therefore provide a novel viewpoint on the mechanism of action of Ef-AAC(6′)-Ii.
Current-source 1-Ph inverter design for aircraft applications
Authors: Sener Eralp , Ertasgin Gurhan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to present an inverter with a current-source input for 400 Hz avionic systems to have a system which removes DC-link capacitors and presents a high efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

A battery-powered DC link inductor generates a constant-current source. A single high-frequency switch is used to provide a sinusoidally modulated current before the inverter. The output of the switch is “unfolded” by a thyristor-based H-bridge inverter to generate an AC output current. The system uses a CL low-pass filter to obtain a 400 Hz pure sine wave by removing pulse width modulation components.

Findings

Simulations and Typhoon HIL real-time experiments were performed with closed-loop control to validate the proposed inverter concept while meeting the critical standards of MIL-STD-704F.

Originality/value

This current source inverter topology is suitable for avionic systems that require 400 Hz output frequency. The topology uses small DC-link inductor and eliminates bulky capacitor which determines the inverter lifetime.
A retrospective overview of Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics using a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Donthu Naveen , Kumar Satish , Pandey Nitesh , Soni Gunjan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study provides a retrospect of Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics (APJML) for the 27-year period between 1993 and 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the Scopus database to identify the most-cited APJML articles and most prolific authors, institutions and countries in APJML between 1993 and 2019. The study uses bibliometric indicators as well as tools such as bibliographic coupling and science mapping, to analyze the publication and citation structure of APJML. The study provides a temporal analysis of APJML publishing across different periods.

Findings

APJML's publication has grown at an average rate of 17% per year, while its citations have grown at an impressive rate of 60%. The contributors to the journal come mainly from the Asia Pacific region, which is not surprising given the journal's scope of publication. Bibliographic coupling of articles reveals that the journal has focused mostly on issues related to market orientation, advertising, marketing research, consumer behavior, customer service, marketing in the digital environment and consumer ethnocentrism. Quantitative research in marketing and consumer ethnocentrism is among the emerging themes in the journal and would benefit from more exploration from scholars.

Research limitations/implications

This study uses data from the Scopus database, whose limitations have implications for the findings. For example, data for the journal's first five issues are not available on Scopus and therefore are not included in the analysis.

Originality/value

This study provides the first overview of APJML's publication and citation trends as well as its thematic structure.
Structural changes and economic growth in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up
Authors: Liu Xiahui
Published: July 2020

Purpose

During the process of reform and opening-up, the structural transformations of the Chinese economy have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industrialization (urban industry and rural industry)–urbanization” development powered by the main engine of economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach

These two leaps forward resulted in transitions of economic structure in China. In the author’s view, structural transformations are closely related to China's economic reforms and can be divided into clear phases.

Findings

The structural transformations have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industry (urban industry and rural industry)–urban area development” powered by the main engine of economic growth.

Originality/value

This paper reviews and summarizes the development and structural transformations in China’s economy over the last 40 years. The author believes that China’s economic miracle is accompanied by dramatic changes in its economic structure, which is particularly characterized by the ongoing process of transition from a traditional agricultural economy into a country with high industrial output, from industrialization into urbanization and from a planned economy into a market economy.
The ontological foundation for studying the future
Authors: Clardy Alan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an ontological foundation for future studies, based in part on integrating some prior albeit incomplete work in this area.

Design/methodology/approach

This manuscript is based on a literature review, as well as on conceptual and theoretical enhancements from this subject field.

Findings

As the future does not exist (it is always something yet to come), the ontological foundations for studying the future must be based on the current reality of the physical, biological and social-psychological worlds of experience and ideas. From this basis, 10 postulates are provided that are based on that current reality and are applied to studying the future. Thus, by characterizing the current reality and how it is understood by people, meaningful statements about the future are possible.

Practical implications

For each ontological postulate, one or more implications for the study of the future are provided as guidelines for practice.

Originality/value

This manuscript integrates and builds on prior offerings about ontological concerns into a comprehensive framework that legitimates and focuses the practices of studying the future.
Sustainable development through five senses of effective corporate social responsibility strategy
Authors: Al Mubarak Muneer
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aims to introduce a five senses concept (sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell) that enhances corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy. It sheds light on the effective CSR senses, which are required by firms for better performance and sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

The main approach for collecting information for discussion is the literature review focusing on topics such as CSR strategy, CSR activities, sustainability and sensemaking.

Findings

While searching the literature, little was found on sensemaking and very little was found on CSR five senses, a gap which needs to be looked at. A gap was also found between what firms do and what are expected from them to deliver to society in terms of CSR activities which puts sustainability at risk.

Practical implications

Firms are expected to improve performance when these five CSR senses are incorporated in their strategy and activities. This approach makes firms work effectively to meet different stakeholders’ needs and wants internally and externally; hence, a better satisfaction level can be achieved and sustainable development is likely to be better secured.

Originality/value

The idea of CSR senses has been neither thoroughly discussed nor sufficiently developed as a five CSR senses concept in the previous studies. This study contributes to the CSR knowledge and practice in many venues by offering a conceptual model that suggests important senses of effective CSR strategy, hence, bridging the CSR gap that might exist in strategy and practice. Therefore, researchers and practitioners are expected to benefit from this study that can result in better CSR control and sustainable development.
Personality‐driven life history trade‐offs differ in two subpopulations of free‐ranging predators
Authors: Dhellemmes Félicie , Finger Jean‐Sébastien , Smukall Matthew J. , Gruber Samuel H. , Guttridge Tristan L. , Laskowski Kate L. , Krause Jens
Published: July 2020

Consistent individual differences in behaviour (i.e. personality) can be explained in an evolutionary context if they are favoured by life history trade‐offs as conceptualized in the pace‐of‐life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis. Theory predicts that faster‐growing individuals suffer higher mortality and that this trade‐off is mediated through exploration/risk‐taking personality, but empirical support for this remains limited and ambiguous. Equivocal support to the POLS hypothesis suggests that the link between life history and personality may only emerge under certain circumstances. Understanding personality‐driven trade‐offs would be facilitated by long‐term studies in wild populations experiencing different ecological conditions.

Here, we tested whether personality measured in semi‐captivity was associated with a growth‐mortality trade‐off via risk‐taking in the wild in two subpopulations of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris known to differ in their predator abundance. We expected stronger personality‐driven trade‐offs in the predator‐rich environment as compared to the predator‐poor environment.

Sharks were captured yearly from 1995 onwards allowing us to obtain long‐term data on growth and apparent survival in each subpopulation. We then used a novel open‐field assay to test sharks for exploration personality yearly from 2012 to 2017. A subset of the tested sharks was monitored in the field using telemetry to document risk‐taking behaviours. We tested (a) if fast explorers in captivity took more risks and grew faster in the wild and (b) if natural selection acted against more explorative, faster‐growing sharks.

In the subpopulation with fewer predators, more explorative sharks in captivity took more risks in the wild and grew faster. In turn, larger, fast‐growing sharks had lower apparent survival. In the predator‐rich subpopulation, despite finding selection on fast growth, we found no link between exploration personality and the growth‐mortality trade‐off.

Our study demonstrates that the association between personality and life history is favoured in some ecological contexts but not in others. We identify predator and resource abundance as two main potential drivers of the personality‐mediated trade‐off and emphasize that future work on the POLS hypothesis would benefit from an approach integrating behaviour and life history across ecological conditions.
A weak‐signal‐assisted procedure for variable selection and statistical inference with an informative subsample
Authors: Fang Fang , Zhao Jiwei , Ahmed S. Ejaz , Qu Annie
Published: July 2020

This paper is motivated from an HIV‐1 drug resistance study where we encounter three analytical challenges: to analyze data with an informative subsample, to take into account the weak signals, and to detect important signals and also conduct statistical inference. We start with an initial estimation method, which adopts a penalized pairwise conditional likelihood approach for variable selection. This initial estimator incorporates the informative subsample issue. To accounting for the effect of weak signals, we use a key idea of partial ridge regression. We also propose a one‐step estimation method for each of the signal coefficients and then construct confidence intervals accordingly. We apply the proposed method to the Stanford HIV‐1 drug resistance study and compare the results with existing approaches. We also conduct comprehensive simulation studies to demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed method.
Speech and Gesture Production Provide Unique Insights Into Young Children’s Spatial Reasoning
Authors: Miller Hilary E. , Andrews Chelsea A. , Simmering Vanessa R.
Published: July 2020

This study took a novel approach to understanding the role of language in spatial development by combining approaches from spatial language and gesture research. It analyzed forty‐three 4.5‐ to 6‐year‐old’s speech and gesture production during explanations of reasoning behind performance on Spatial Analogies and Children’s Mental Transformation Tasks. Results showed that speech and gesture relevant for solving the trials (disambiguating correct choices) predicted spatial performance when controlling for age, gender, and spatial words and gestures produced. Children performed the spatial tasks well if they produced relevant information either verbally through speech or nonverbally through gesture. These results highlight the importance of not only focusing on concepts children can reference but also on how such concepts are used in spatial tasks.
Multiple roles for laccase2 in butterfly wing pigmentation, scale development, and cuticle tanning
Authors: Peng Ceili L. , Mazo‐Vargas Anyi , Brack Benjamin J. , Reed Robert D.
Published: July 2020

Lepidopteran wing scales play important roles in a number of functions including color patterning and thermoregulation. Despite the importance of wing scales, however, we still have a limited understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie scale patterning, development, and coloration. Here, we explore the function of the phenoloxidase‐encoding gene laccase2 in wing and scale development in the nymphalid butterfly Vanessa cardui. Somatic deletion mosaics of laccase2 generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing presented several distinct mutant phenotypes. Consistent with the work in other nonlepidopteran insect groups, we observed reductions in melanin pigmentation and defects in cuticle formation. We were also surprised, however, to see distinct effects on scale development including complete loss of wing scales. This study highlights laccase2 as a gene that plays multiple roles in wing and scale development and provides new insight into the evolution of lepidopteran wing coloration.
Building and Enhancing Efficacious Coparenting in Parenting Coordination
Authors: Fidler Barbara Jo , McHale James
Published: July 2020

Parenting coordination is a dispute resolution process to assist the subset of separating/divorcing parents who remain entrenched in high conflict coparenting post‐separation/divorce. Based on factors known to impact positive child outcomes, its goals include assisting parents to protect children from their conflict and implementing a framework that will assist the child to have a good relationship with both parents. Despite significant efforts, parenting coordination often falls short of achieving its intended goals, which include not only healthy child adjustment but also efficacious coparenting, which is itself an important mediator and moderator of child outcomes. This article raises questions and concerns about the extent to which child outcomes may be limited if the goals of parenting coordination are limited to establishing and implementing a disengaged, parallel model of coparenting, while avoiding or giving up on efforts to build and enhance cooperative coparenting. Given preliminary findings indicating some parents note change here express dissatisfaction with the process and outcomes, it is necessary to consider whether the seemingly intractable subset of parents referred for parenting coordination might benefit from something more or different. We discuss two innovations: One aims to strengthen individual parent readiness and responsiveness and the other brings parents together in a child‐centered team‐building approach. Though cooperative coparenting is a challenging and unrealistic goal for some parents, further research is necessary to understand more fully which interventions help which families, when and in what manner.
Complications of total knee arthroplasty in patients with haemophilia compared with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A 20‐year single‐surgeon cohort
Authors: Li Zeng , Feng Bin , Du Yan , Wang Yingjie , Bian Yanyan , Weng Xisheng
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Patients with haemophilia are prone to haemophilic arthropathy (HA). For end‐stage HA, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure. However, limited data were available regarding complications of TKA in HA patients.

Aim

To provide comprehensive comparisons of TKA complications among patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or HA.

Methods

The present study was a single‐surgeon cohort study including patients who underwent TKAs for OA, HA or RA from January 1997 to December 2017. The information of patients was extracted from medical records and follow‐up database. The primary outcome was complications. Potential risk factors of complications in HA patients were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 1515 patients with 2083 TKAs were selected following the criteria. The overall complication rate in the HA group was 21.79%, which was much higher than the OA or RA group (7.08% and 8.70%, respectively, P < .05). The dominate complications were prosthetic loosening and wound dehiscence. For HA, more complications occurred in the period more than 1 year after TKA when compared with OA (33.33% vs 11.43%, P = .028). Among the potential risk factors, patients with haemophilia B and severe haemophilia had significantly higher complication rates (P < .05 for both).

Conclusion

When compared with OA or RA, HA patients had different characteristics on complications, including the higher complication rate, different complication distribution and later occurring time. In HA patients who underwent TKA, haemophilia B and severe haemophilia were risk factors of complications which should be paid more attention to.
Outcome of patients with acute liver failure awaiting liver transplantation in Japan
Authors: Genda Takuya , Ichida Takafumi , Sakisaka Shotaro , Tanaka Eiji , Mochida Satoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Inui Ayano , Egawa Hiroto , Umeshita Koji , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Seiji , Inomata Yukihiro
Published: July 2020

Aim

To clarify the outcome and predictive factors in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) awaiting deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in Japan.

Methods

Of the DDLT candidates in Japan between 2007 and 2016, 264 adult patients with ALF were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Factors associated with DDLT and waiting‐list mortality were assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model. The DDLT and transplant‐free survival probabilities were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log–rank test.

Results

The waiting‐list registration year after the Transplant Law revision in 2010 was a significant factor associated with DDLT. The adjusted hazard ratio indicated that DDLT probability after 2010 was four times higher than that before, and the 28‐day cumulative DDLT probability was more than 35%. The median survival time of the entire cohort was 40 days. Multivariate analysis identified the following three factors associated with waiting‐list mortality: age, coma grade, and international normalized ratio. The transplant‐free survival probabilities were significantly stratified by the number of risks, and patients with all three risks showed extremely poor short‐term prognosis (median survival time = 23 days).

Conclusions

The DDLT probability of ALF patients increased after the law revision in 2010; however, patients at high risk of short‐term waiting‐list mortality might need emergent living donor transplantation.
Examining the interdependence of parent‐child dyads: Effects on weight loss and maintenance
Authors: Fowler Lauren A. , Grammer Anne Claire , Ray Mary Katherine , Balantekin Katherine N. , Stein Richard I. , Kolko Conlon Rachel P. , Welch R. Robinson , Perri Michael G. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E.
Published: July 2020

Background

This study aimed to further elucidate correlated weight changes in parent‐child dyads enrolled in family‐based treatment (FBT) by modeling the interdependence of weight changes during treatment.

Methods

Parent‐child dyads (n = 172) with overweight/obesity (child mean zBMI = 2.16 ± 0.39; parent mean BMI = 37.9 ± 9.4 kg/m2) completed 4 months of FBT and were randomized to one of three 8‐month maintenance interventions (Social Facilitation Maintenance [SFM]‐high dose, SFM‐low dose or control). Weight/height was measured at 0, 4 and 12 months. Structural equation models simultaneously estimated the effect that an individual had on their own (actor effect) and on one another's (partner effect) weight‐status across time using the actor‐partner interdependence model.

Results

Actor paths were significant over time for parent and child. Partner paths were significant for child zBMI predicting parent BMI at 4 and 12 months. Maintenance condition moderated actor/partner paths in the model.

Conclusions

Child weight change may motivate parents to make environmental and behavioural changes that impact their own weight. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00759746.
Powered by “Qinghuai”: The melding of traditional values and digital entrepreneurship in contemporary China
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Tan Barney , Leong Carmen , Tan Felix Ter Chian
Published: July 2020

Based on three case studies of Chinese Internet start‐ups, this study seeks to address the research question: “How is digital entrepreneurship enacted in China?” Our findings reveal that there was a common theme that underpinned the start‐ups we studied, which we termed ‘Qinghuai’ in the language of the informants we spoke with. In this paper, we explain the roots of the concept and its six constituent elements at the individual, organizational, and ecosystem levels. These elements are then abstracted into two dimensions: (a) spiritual idealism and (b) perpetual development. We argue that Qinghuai as a concept is a product and reflection of the cultural and institutional complexity of contemporary China. Further, we discuss how Qinghuai facilitates digital entrepreneurship across the business, organizational, and technological domains. This explanation is substantiated by data from our three cases and juxtaposed with what has been discussed in the existing digital entrepreneurship literature. Finally, as we present the contributions of our study, we elaborate on (a) how Qinghuai reflects the contemporary context of China; (b) how Qinghuai is instrumental to digital entrepreneurship in China; and (c) how Qinghuai is different from other related concepts including Guanxi, collectivism, collective action and social entrepreneurship. We conclude the paper by discussing its limitations, future research opportunities, as well as its practical implications.
Effect of different diets on the growth and development of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas)
Authors: Chen Peng , Liu Jin , Chi Baojie , Li Dongchao , Li Jianying , Liu Yongjie
Published: July 2020

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is an important natural enemy of crop pests. Feeding H. axyridis through artificial diets (ADs) is an important means to achieve large‐scale production. In this study, the effects of different diets on the growth, development and reproduction of H. axyridis were comprehensively evaluated, and the reasons for the reduced reproductive capacity of H. axyridis fed ADs were preliminarily explored. Artificial diets were prepared using pig liver and pork as the main ingredients. Larval duration, larval survival rate, egg production and other traits were comprehensively evaluated. Harmonia axyridis fed ADs during both the larval and adult periods completed growth and development from larva to adult but had a prolonged development duration (6.13‐day extension) and reduced survival rate (15.3% reduction) in the larval stage. In addition, adults could not lay eggs. Next, individuals of H. axyridis were fed Megoura japonica (Matsumura) in the larval stage and an AD, adequate aphids (AA) or an artificial diet plus 5 (AD5), 10 (AD10) or 25 (AD25) aphids in the adult stage. The adults in the AD group produced a small number of eggs (103.3 eggs). When aphids were added to the diet, egg production gradually increased with the number of aphids added. The AD25 group exhibited no significant difference in egg production compared with that in the AA group (983.8 eggs and 1,158.3 eggs, respectively). Anatomical observations of the H. axyridis adults in these five groups revealed that ovary development was slowest in the AD group. In addition, we found that the levels of vitellogenin and juvenile hormone were significantly lower in the AD group than in the AA group. These results provide a foundation for formulating ADs for H. axyridis and improving the large‐scale reproduction of this species.