bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenoids From Soft Soral Capnella imbricata
Authors: Phan Chin-Soon , Kamada Takashi , Ishii Takahiro , Hamada Toshiyuki , Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju
Published: June 2019

A new sesquiterpene, capgermacrene H (1) was isolated together with 7 other compounds, capgermacrenes A-G (2-8), from a population of soft coral Capnella imbricata collected from Mantanani Island, Sabah, Malaysia. The structure of this metabolite was elucidated based on spectroscopic data such as nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Capgermacrene A (2) showed potent cytotoxicity against adult T-cell leukemia, S1T cells at half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.79 µg/mL.
An Analysis of the Repertoire Performed by Youth Orchestras in the United States
Authors: Pope David A.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of repertoire performed by youth orchestras in the United States. Through an online survey, youth orchestra administrators ( N = 39) provided information about repertoire performed by their program’s premier orchestra during their 2015-2016 season. Orchestras performed 302 different pieces of music by 158 different composers. The Firebird by Igor Stravinsky, Carmen Suite No. 1 by Georges Bizet, and Ruslan and Ludmilla Overture by Mikhail Glinka were performed most frequently. Approximately three quarters of all compositions were written after 1850, and only 7.14% were composed after 2000. Compositions by Tchaikovsky, Dvorak, and Brahms were the most frequently performed, and female composers only wrote 0.78% of the repertoire performed by youth orchestras during their 2015-2016 season. Conductors should use these findings as an impetus to identify culturally diverse repertoire appropriate for youth orchestras by non-male composers.
Early testing and formative evaluation of the Enablers of Change assessment and sentence planning tool for adults with convictions
Authors: Wong Kevin , Horan Rachel
Published: June 2019

The Enablers of Change assessment and sentence planning tool has been designed to assess the risks, needs, strengths and protective factors of adults with convictions. Developed by Interserve, a Community Rehabilitation Company (CRC) provider in England, the tool is an innovation. The first of its kind in the United Kingdom (UK) to operationalise the risk needs and responsivity model with the ‘good lives’ model and desistance principles for the general adult population of low to medium risk of harm individuals managed by CRCs. This article reports the development, early testing and formative evaluation of the tool and recommendations for its onward development. Given that such integration is regarded by many as the ‘holy grail’ of probation practice, this article is of international significance and will make an original contribution to the limited evidence base on operationalising desistance in the management of adults with convictions in the UK and other jurisdictions.
Review of Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries Presenting to a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Nepal: Challenges in Surgical Management in a Third World Scenario
Authors: Dhakal Gaurav Raj , Bhandari Ravi , Dhungana Siddartha , Poudel Santosh , Gurung Ganesh , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu , Riew K. Daniel
Published: June 2019

Study Design:

Epidemiological retrospective study.

Objective:

To describe the demographics, timing to surgery, delay, short-term neurological recovery, and complications in surgically treated subaxial cervical trauma in a resource-constrained country.

Methods:

Thirty consecutive subaxial cervical trauma patients presenting to a trauma hospital in Nepal between December 2015 and August 2017 were analyzed as a retrospective cohort. Patients were segregated into 4 groups based on the timing to surgery: within 2 days, 3 to 7 days, 8 to 30 days, and >31 days.

Results:

There were 27 male and 3 female patients with mean age 40 years. Twenty-four sustained fall injury, and 27 patients were from outside Kathmandu. No patients were treated within the first 48 hours; only 9 were treated between 3 and 7 days, 16 between 8 and 30 days, and 5 a month later. Major delay was finance and operating room availability. Thirteen patients had a C6C7 involvement followed by C5C6 in 6 patients. Seven patients had complete neurological deficit while 18 patients had incomplete deficit. A total of 46.7% improved their neurology in 6 months. No neurological recovery was observed in complete deficit patients.

Conclusion:

Seventy percent of our patients were treated longer than 1 week after injury, which would likely be considered unacceptable in most first world countries. As expected, the outcomes for many of these patients were far worse than reported in North American centers with early access to medical care and insurance. Despite this, nearly half of our patients improved neurologically following treatment; hence, surgery holds hope of some restoration of neurologic deficits.
The effect of the hip joint endoprosthesis length after a total hip arthroplasty: A biomechanical study
Authors: Smyris Andreas-Foivos , Potsika Vassiliki T. , Farmakis Ioannis-Ilias K. , Tachos Nikolaos , Fotiadis Dimitrios I. , Xenakis Theodoros A. , Pakos Emilios E.
Published: June 2019

Background/purpose:

Total hip arthroplasty is a safe, cost-effective surgical intervention which restores mobility and alleviates pain from most kinds of hip arthritis. The proposed biomechanical study evaluates the effect of the stem size on the mechanical environment of the hip and its association with aseptic loosening.

Methods:

Medium left, fourth-generation, composite femoral models were used, and different prosthesis dimensions were examined. Fourteen strain gages were placed at specific positions on the femur. Load cycles were programmed to simulate single-leg stance of gait of a normal-weight subject.

Results:

Microstrains in the anterior and posterior region of the femur shaft were found to decrease with increasing the stem length, while no specific tendency was observed in the regions of the great and lesser trochanteric as well as in the medial and lateral femur.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that shorter implants are subjected to higher strains distally to the pertrochanteric area.
Sustainable Intensification in a Forest-agriculture Frontier Landscape: Analysis of C Capture and Sequestration Potential Under Two Different Scenarios in Binga District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Ruggeri Michael
Published: June 2019

Zimbabwe has been experiencing widespread land degradation, soil erosion, increasing aridity and temperatures that, coupled with population growth, pose a menace to agricultural production and prospective food security. As a win-win strategy, conservation agriculture (CA) is being promoted across the country with the objective to restore damaged ecosystems, curb and revert environmental depletion and guarantee food security. Binga district, where smallholders’ cropland expansion has been identified as the main driver of deforestation, has been one of the first recipient of CA-supporting projects and is the current beneficiary of a newly implemented Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)+ project. In light of the controversial forest-sparing/forest-clearing effect of sustainable intensification, the present study tried to assess how the adoption of CA may influence deforestation rates in the area and related C stocks under two hypothetical future scenarios. A pool of experts was consulted with the objective to quantify land cover changes in 2040 and the model InVEST was used to compute the district C stocks under the two considered scenarios. Findings show that the rate of CA adoption in Binga is very limited, partly failing to address the problem of agriculture-driven deforestation and widespread farmland degradation. Consequently, both scenarios portray a district doomed to a poverty-environmental degradation vicious cycle that, according to experts, requires a holistic approach to be eased.
Correlation of PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Depression in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients in the Ambulatory Sports Medicine Clinic
Authors: Makhni Eric C. , Meldau Jason E. , Blanchett Jacob , Borowsky Peter , Stephens Jeffrey , Muh Stephanie , Moutzouros Vasilios
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recently, interest has increased in incorporating the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) outcomes into clinical and research applications in sports medicine. The PROMIS forms have not been studied in pediatric and adolescent sports medicine patients.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The goal of this study was to determine the correlation between PROMIS Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) forms measuring physical function, pain interference, and depression in pediatric and adolescent patients seen in the ambulatory sports medicine clinic. We hypothesized that there would be a negative correlation between physical function and pain interference as well as depression, as has been demonstrated in adult patient populations.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients aged 8 to 17 years seen by 3 shoulder and sports medicine providers were included in this study. Patients completed a series of PROMIS CAT forms at clinic visits, including the PROMIS-PF and PROMIS-UE (Physical Function and Upper Extremity; depending on the nature of the complaint), PROMIS-PI (Pain Interference), and PROMIS-Depression subscales. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the PROMIS forms as well as with other patient demographic data.

Results:

A total of 236 patient visits (152 patients) were included in the study, comprising 712 total PROMIS CAT forms. A negative correlation was found between PROMIS-PF and both PROMIS-Depression ( R = –0.34) and PROMIS-PI ( R = –0.76). These correlations with PROMIS-Depression and PROMIS-PI were –0.21 and –0.75, respectively, when considering the PROMIS-UE CAT. Patient demographic information had minimal impact on PROMIS scores as well as on correlations between scores.

Conclusion:

Correlations between physical function, pain interference, and depression were found to be similar in pediatric patients as they are in adult patients, as measured by PROMIS CAT forms.
Missed Exams and Lost Opportunities: Who Could Gain From Expanded College Admission Testing?
Authors: Cook Emily E. , Turner Sarah
Published: June 2019

When students with the capacity to succeed in a 4-year college do not take a college admission test, this represents a potential loss of opportunity for students and colleges alike. However, the costs of testing—both pecuniary and nonpecuniary—may exceed the benefits for students who lack the interest in or qualifications for college attendance. In states like Virginia, access to admission tests varies markedly with district and family circumstances. We estimate that universal testing in Virginia could increase the number of high school graduates with test scores competitive for admission at broad-access universities in the state by as much as 40%—and at the most selective institutions by nearly 20%—with larger increases for low-income students. Alternative policies that encourage testing among students with strong demonstrated academic performance could realize nearly these increases without generating testing costs for students who are unlikely to attend a 4-year college.
Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions in fluorapatite of the pegmatites from the Volta Grande mine, Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil, as witnesses of the dissolution–reprecipitation process
Authors: Alves Felipe Emerson André , Neumann Reiner , Ávila Ciro Alexandre , Faulstich Fabiano Richard Leite
Published: June 2019

Fluorapatite with monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions occurs in the lithium–caesium–tantalum pegmatite body A of the Volta Grande mine, Minas Gerais state, Southeast Brazil. The fluorapatite displays faint zoning, detected mainly by cathodoluminescence. Electron probe and laser ablation analyses indicate that zoning in the fluorapatite corresponds to variation in Mn and rare-earth element (REE) content. Such compositional variation is attributed to partial removal of the REE from the fluorapatite structure during a dissolution–reprecipitation process, forming monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) microinclusions in the REE-depleted zones of the fluorapatite. These inclusions exhibit an inherited geochemical signature, manifested by low Th and U concentrations when compared to monazite and xenotime crystallised from melts. Rhodochrosite and calcite inclusions are also associated with monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) and are probably products of the same process, recycling Ca, Mn, and CO32− from the fluorapatite through the following reaction: [Ca(5–2a–b–½x),Naa,(Y + REE)a,Mnb][(PO4)3–x(CO3)x(F)] + Fluid[a(2Ca2+ + P5+) + (x–b)(Ca2+) + H2O)] → [Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH)] + a[(Y + REE)PO4] + b[Mn(CO3)] + (x–b)[Ca(CO3)] + Fluid a[Na+].

On the basis of new fluid-inclusion analyses, we propose that a hot (T > 204.5°C), salty (16 wt.% eq. NaCl, attributed to LiCl), hydrous fluid mediated the dissolution–reprecipitation of the fluorapatite. This fluid corresponds to similarly described Li-rich fluids which were suggested to have re-equilibrated the mineralogical assemblage at the Volta Grande mine.
In vivo dynamics of human hematopoietic stem cells: novel concepts and future directions
Authors: Scala Serena , Aiuti Alessandro
Published: June 2019

Unveiling the mechanisms and the cellular dynamics at the basis of human hematopoietic homeostasis has been a main focus for the scientific community since the discovery of a pool of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) capable of sustaining the hematopoietic output throughout life and after transplantation. Recently, new works shed light on the (1) differentiation paths, (2) size and replication rate of human HSC population at steady state, and (3) role of the distinct subpopulations comprising the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoir after transplantation. These papers exploited cutting-edge technologies, including vector integration site clonal tracking, spontaneous mutations, and deep transcriptome profiling. Here we discuss the latest updates in human hematopoietic system biology and in vivo dynamics, highlighting novel concepts and common findings deriving from different approaches and the future directions of these studies. Taken together, this information contributed to partially resolving the complexity of the in vivo HSC behavior and has major implications for HSC transplantation and gene therapy as well as for the development of future therapies.
Impact of Teratoma on the Cumulative Incidence of Disease-Related Death in Patients With Advanced Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Funt Samuel A. , Patil Sujata , Feldman Darren R. , Motzer Robert J. , Bajorin Dean F. , Sheinfeld Joel , Tickoo Satish K. , Reuter Victor E. , Bosl George J.
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE

In men with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs), risk-directed treatment is determined, in part, by a distinction between seminoma and nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT). The importance of NSGCT cell type is uncertain. We evaluated the long-term impact of teratoma on survival in patients with NSGCT.

METHODS

Prechemotherapy, primary tumors from patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy were studied, and the histology was confirmed by a genitourinary pathologist. The cumulative incidence of disease-related death (CIDD) was the primary end point, and a competing-risk analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Tumors were available from 232 patients, including 193 with NSGCT. An element of teratoma was present in 82 NSGCT primary tumors (42%). With a median follow-up of 17 years (range, 0.3 to 35 years), 58 patients with NSGCT died, 47 as a result of GCT and 11 as a result of other causes. Most GCT deaths occurred within the first 5 years and were associated with pretreatment risk status ( P < .001). Death as a result of other causes rose steadily after 15 years and was not associated with risk status ( P = .66). A higher CIDD was observed in patients who had NSGCT with teratoma than those with NSGCT without teratoma and seminoma (5-year CIDD rate, 27.4%, 17.4%, and 10.3%, respectively; P = .03). A higher CIDD was observed in patients who had NSGCT with mature teratoma compared with those with either NSGCT with immature teratoma or NSGCT without teratoma (5-year CIDD rate, 38.1%, 19.9%, and 17.4%, respectively; P = .01).

CONCLUSION

The presence of teratoma, particularly mature teratoma, in an NSGCT primary tumor is associated with a higher CIDD, consistent with the hypothesis that differentiation is associated with adverse outcomes. Death as a result of non-GCT causes is not associated with risk status and must be separated from GCT death when evaluating long-term survival.
Complications and Economic Burden Associated With Obtaining Tissue for Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the United States
Authors: Kelly Ronan J. , Turner Ralph , Chen Yen-Wen , Rigas James R. , Fernandes Ancilla W. , Karve Sudeep
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE:

With an increase in biomarker-directed therapies, tissue biopsy to identify targetable genomic and immunologic alterations has become the mainstay of managing patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, little is known about the associated economic impact and complication rate. This study assesses the frequency, complications, and costs of diagnostic and postprogression biopsy.

METHODS:

This retrospective, observational study was conducted using administrative claims data from more than 30 million commercially insured individuals in the United States (2006 to 2014). Data were analyzed for the overall population and by time of biopsy (diagnostic or postprogression biopsy).

RESULTS:

Of 20,013 eligible patients, 13,411 (67%) received a diagnostic biopsy, whereas only 2,056 (10%) received a postprogression biopsy (mean cost, $9,977 and $16,806, respectively). Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and after progression, on the day of biopsy (10% v 7%, respectively) and within 30 days (63% v 61%, respectively). Mean costs were higher among patients with a complication compared with those without a complication on the day of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $12,030 v $6,508, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $22,593 v $7,812, respectively), within 7 days of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $13,657 v $7,765, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $23,969 v $8,932, respectively), and within 30 days of biopsy (diagnostic biopsy, $24,968 v $15,988, respectively; postprogression biopsy, $30,293 v $12,494, respectively; P < .001 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSION:

From 2006 to 2014, postprogression biopsies were not common practice in NSCLC. Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and after progression, with mean costs higher among patients with a complication than those without a complication. With increasing demands for effective novel targeted therapies and safe testing methods, these data may be valuable in determining the budget impact and comparing complication rates with newer, less invasive molecular testing methods, including plasma circulating tumor DNA testing.
Development of Fullerene Thin-Film Assemblies and Fullerene-Diamine Adducts towards Practical Nanocarbon-Based Electronic Materials
Authors: Akiyama Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2019

Fullerenes are attractive spherical aromatic molecules with good electron acceptor capabilities and good utility as an n-type organic semiconductor. By using a fullerene-amine addition reaction, it was possible to fabricate ultrathin-film assemblies of fullerene on the surface of substrates, which were confirmed by photoelectric conversion applications. Addition reactions between fullerenes and primary aliphatic diamines can also occur to form insoluble adduct particles consisting of fullerenes and diamines. In one example, C60-ethylenediamine adduct particles can be solubilized by addition of alkylacid chloride to residual amino groups of the adducts. Spin-coated or dip-coated thin-films of C60-ethylenediamine adducts from their solutions are useful as n-type organic semiconductors which was confirmed with solar cell application. In this account, the history of the fabrication and application of fullerene thin-film assemblies and fullerene-diamine adducts using the fullerene-amine addition reaction is introduced and summarized from the early studies to more recent developments.
Two-Way Chromic Systems Based on Tetraarylanthraquinodimethanes: Electrochromism in Solution and Mechanofluorochromism in a Solid State
Authors: Ishigaki Yusuke , Sugawara Kazuma , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako , Suzuki Takanori
Published: June 2019

Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane derivatives 1 with butterfly-shaped folded structures and the corresponding dications 12+ with twisted conformations can undergo interconversion upon two-electron transfer, which is accompanied by a drastic color change. While reversible electrochromic behavior occurs in solution, electron donors 1 exhibit fluorescence only in the solid state. The emission color changed upon grinding as-synthesized samples of 1, and the original emission color was recovered by a dissolving-drying process. Such mechanofluorochromic behavior can be accounted for by the results of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), for which as-synthesized crystalline sample was transformed into an amorphous state after grinding. Thus, the title electron donors 1 provided two-way chromic systems exhibiting electrochromism in solution as well as mechanofluorochromism in a solid state.
Recent advances in therapies for onychomycosis and its management
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Stec Nadia
Published: June 2019

Onychomycosis is the most common affliction of the nail. It may be caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds. Traditionally, oral antifungal treatments have been used to treat the fungus, although they can be accompanied by side effects and drug interactions. Topical treatments provide an alternative modality, bypassing the systemic effects of oral drugs; recent research has centered on topical drug improvement and development. Physical and laser treatments are being used in conjunction with topicals, which may help penetrate the thick nail plate. In this review, techniques from all categories are outlined: both novel experimental approaches and progress and effectiveness of recently developed treatments. More long-term studies are required to determine the efficacy of various treatments, but cure rates are improved when patients adhere to treatments and follow preventative measures to avoid disease recurrence.
Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise after Total Hip Arthroplasty - Silkeborg: Protocol for a prospective cohort study (PHETHAS-1)
Authors: Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Madsen Merete Nørgaard , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Thorborg Kristian , Rossen Camilla Blach , Kallemose Thomas , Bandholm Thomas
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Rehabilitation exercises are offered to patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, the effectiveness and optimal type and dose of exercise remains unknown. The primary objective of this trial is to indicate the preliminary efficacy of home-based rehabilitation using elastic band exercise on performance-based function after THA, based on the relationship between the performed exercise dose and the change in performance-based function (gait speed) from 3 (start of intervention) to 10 weeks (end of intervention) after surgery. The secondary objective is to investigate if a dose-response relationship exists between the performed exercise dose and changes in: hip-related disability, lower-extremity functional performance, and hip muscle strength

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients scheduled for THA will be consecutively included until 88 have completed the intervention period from 3 to 10 weeks postoperatively. Participants perform the standard rehabilitation program with elastic band exercises. Exercise dose (exposure) will be objectively quantified using a sensor attached to the elastic band. The primary outcome is gait speed measured by the 40-m fast-paced walk test. Secondary outcomes include: patient reported hip disability (Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)), hip muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry) and lower extremity function (30-s chair stand test).

Discussion: This trial will add knowledge concerning the relationship between performed exercise dose and post-operative outcomes after THA. The protocol paper describes the study design and methods in detail, including the statistical analysis plan.

Trial registration: Pre-registered on March 27, 2017 at ClinicalTrails.gov (ID: NCT03109821).
African Solution to African Problems: AU and the Conflict Resolution in South Sudan
Authors: Kateřina Rudnicová
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the concept of responsibility to protect, applied on the case study of South Sudan. The introductory part of the paper discusses the concept itself, its emergence and inclusion in relevant international law documents. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of African Union’s documents which enshrine responsibility to protect concept to the organization’s politics. The third part analyses the South Sudanese civil war and is concerned with the role of African Union in the conflict resolution process in current South Sudan. Methodologically, it is an intrinsic case study and it is based on the analysis of African Union documents and relevant literature.
A Rule-Based Recourse for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands
Authors: Salavati-Khoshghalb Majid , Gendreau Michel , Jabali Ola , Rei Walter
Published: June 2019

In this paper we consider the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands (VRPSD). We consider that customer demands are only revealed when a vehicle arrives at customer locations. Failures occur whenever the residual capacity of the vehicle is insufficient to serve the observed demand of a customer. Such failures entail that recourse actions be taken to recover route feasibility. These recourse actions usually take the form of return trips to the depot, which can be either done in a reactive or proactive fashion. Over the years, there have been various policies defined to perform these recourse actions in either a static or a dynamic setting. In the present paper, we propose policies that better reflect the fixed operational rules that can be observed in practice and that also enable implementing preventive recourse actions. We define the considered operational rules and show how, for a planned route, these operational rules can be implemented using a fixed threshold-based policy to govern the recourse actions. An exact solution algorithm is developed to solve the VRPSD under the considered policies. Finally, we conduct an extensive computational study, which shows that significantly better solutions can be obtained when using the proposed policies compared with solving the problem under the classic recourse definition.
peter pan: el líder y sus seguidores. una experiencia de filosofía con niños
Authors: Charabati Esther
Published: June 2019

La filosofía y la literatura están unidas por fuertes lazos que se evidencian en ambas disciplinas: son muchos los textos literarios y filosóficos en los que se pueden rastrear las influencias recíprocas. En esta experiencia de filosofía con niños se partió de una obra clásica, Peter Pan, para motivar a alumnos de primaria. Los objetivos fueron a) desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y ético a través de la problematización de la vida escolar, b) desarrollar habilidades de análisis, síntesis, inferencia, argumentación, cuestionamiento y pensamiento creativo, c) que los alumnos relacionaran sus experiencias cotidianas con las situaciones que se plantean en la historia. Peter Pan retrata a un tipo de persona muy popular en nuestra época: el líder. Peter es inteligente y simpático, posee la valentía y el carisma suficiente para seducir a los niños perdidos, a los pieles rojas y a Wendy y sus hermanos. Su imaginación y pasión por la aventura lo vuelven aún más atractivo. Peter también encarna defectos que reconocemos en numerosos líderes: vanidad, egoísmo y falta de responsabilidad. Para ejercer el poder cuenta con la sumisión de los niños perdidos. Si en el texto ambas conductas nos parecen naturales, al identificarlas en la vida cotidiana de nuestras escuelas sólo podemos nombrarlas con palabras como bullying, matonismo, agresión, víctimas… Esta experiencia mostró que las obras literarias pueden servir como detonador para la reflexión y el debate, tanto de la vida escolar como de dilemas de la vida cotidiana aportados por los alumnos; permitió el cuestionamiento sobre las relaciones entre pares y la argumentación de sus posturas; también fue posible apreciar las posibilidades que abre tener un espacio para potenciar la imaginación. En el caso de los docentes, pudieron conocer y comprobar la función problematizadora de las preguntas, aunque sólo algunos aprendieron a formularlas. Una escasa formación en pensamiento crítico disminuye su capacidad para implementar estrategias que contribuyan al desarrollo de las habilidades mencionadas.
reflexiones filosóficas entre madres adolescentes víctimas de maltrato infantil
Authors: Barraza flores Sonia rosario , López moreno Homero
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación, se efectuó en un aula del centro de desarrollo integral de la familia (DIF) en el municipio de Durango, México. En este lugar, se capacitan personas para el trabajo artesanal; ahí fueron seleccionadas 13 madres adolescentes con un rango de edad que fluctúa entre los 15 y 23 años de edad, todas ellas víctimas de maltrato infantil. En este grupo de personas se implementó la propuesta filosófico-pedagógica denominada “Filosofía para Niños y Adolescentes” del filósofo norteamericano Matthew Lipman. El principal objetivo fue conformar una “comunidad de indagación”, donde, a través del dialogo razonado las participantes desarrollaron habilidades cognitivas, posibilitándolas a departir de manera ética y moral sobre sus experiencias de vida dentro de un entorno democrático. Los resultados obtenidos se dan a conocer a través de las revelaciones expresadas por las participantes durante los diálogos filosóficos, además, fueron registradas las habilidades cognitivas detectadas durante 20 sesiones. Los resultados fueron contrastados con las teorías para demostrar el cambio cognitivo de las participantes en las comunidades de diálogo. También se registraron ciertos hallazgos inesperados en otras áreas académicas que favorecen el pensamiento ético y moral.
teacher and learner perspectives on philosophical discussion – uncertainty as a challenge and opportunity
Authors: Michalik Kerstin heike
Published: June 2019

We investigated teachers' and children's experiences of philosophy with children by analysing the content of interviews with primary school teachers and discussions with groups of primary school pupils. The results show that regular philosophy sessions with children can have an impact on teachers’ view of themselves as educators, their approach to teaching and their personal development. From the children’s point of view, the most important and meaningful aspect, aside from the content of philosophical discussion, was the opportunity to think together in an open-ended way. A key component of the collective construction of meaning was uncertainty, which is an integral feature of philosophical discussion. These findings link with the idea of “citizen as agent” in a variety of ways. Philosophising with children leads to a more collaborative and democratic teaching style, giving children the space to bring their own interests and activities to the discussion. This aligns with pupils’ enjoyment of the openness and uncertainty of philosophical issues, their appreciation of the opportunity to engage with different ideas and viewpoints, and their willingness to rise to the challenge of revising their own positions and changing their thinking.
philosophical discussions with children: an opportunity for experiencing open-mindedness
Authors: Hawken Johanna
Published: June 2019

Children develop and experience numerous thinking skills in the course of a philosophical dialogue, which is the didactic medium for the practice of philosophy with children, since its birth. One of them plays a paramount role in the possibility of true dialogue, as it relies on the meeting of minds: open-mindedness. Furthermore, this concept is omnipresent in the literature about philosophy for children (Lipman, 2003: 172-179 ; Tozzi, 2001, 2002) and thus, requires an exploration and a precis analysis, which is the aim of his article. More precisely, there are three objectives: define the nature and characteristics of open-mindedness, analyse its emergence in philosophical discussions and, moreover, studying its role in the practice of philosophy. Our research (lead in University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) has shown that certain indicators present in the children’s discourse manifest the occurrence of open-mindedness: reformulation of one another’s words, complementarity of statements, explication of each other’s ideas, establishment of nuances, disagreement on terms and critical thinking. These cognitive acts reveal an intellectual relation between children, so much so as open-mindedness can be defined as a two-dimensional attitude, both as a cognitive disposition enabling the understanding of someone else’s idea and an ethical disposition enabling the acceptance of alterity. Moreover, it signals an ethical posture: the capacity to take embrace the words of others, without necessarily agreeing, the ability to take into account an alternative view on the world. The research hypothesis, that is the result of seven years research in the French town of Romainville (East of Paris) is, therefore, the following: philosophical discussions constitute an opportunity for children to experience open-mindedness as a crucial thinking skill and ethical posture.
NÉCTAR MISTO DE CUPUAÇU (THEOBROMA GRANDI-FLORUM) E AÇAÍ (EUTERPE OLERACEA MART) ADICIONADO DE FRUTO-OLIGOSSACARÍDEO: PROCESSAMENTO E AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE
Authors: Jesus Marlúcia Mirian Almeida , Ferreira Igor Macedo , Santos Lilian Vieira do Nascimento , Silva Ana Mara Oliveira , Carvalho Michelle Garcêz
Published: June 2019

Néctares de frutas com fruto-oligossacarídeos (FOS) têm sido uma opção mais saudável para os consumidores, pois além dos nutrientes provenientes das frutas, possuem fibras solúveis que auxiliam no fortalecimento da microbiota intestinal, promovem a saciedade, controlam o índice glicêmico e previnem doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes. Além disso, o FOS, do ponto de vista tecnológico, pode substituir açúcares e gorduras na elaboração de produtos alimentícios. Sendo assim, objetivou-se desenvolver formulações de néctar misto de cupuaçu e açaí, adicionado de FOS. Para isso, realizou-se pesquisa com 70 consumidores, seguida da elaboração de três formulações de néctar cuja variação estava associada à concentração de açaí e cupuaçu. A qualidade das formulações dos néctares foi observada pela análise microbiológica (enumeração bolores e leveduras, enumeração de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e pesquisa de Salmonella sp.), sensorial (aceitação, preferência, intenção de compra e índice de aceitação), análise físico-química (pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos solúveis totais - SST) e química (umidade, fenólicos totais, FRAP, DPPH e vitamina C). As análises mostraram que os néctares estavam microbiologicamente seguros, sendo a aparência e a cor os únicos parâmetros que variaram entre as formulações na avaliação sensorial. A aceitação dos néctares ficou entre “gostei ligeiramente” (6) e “gostei muito” (8); ambas formulações apresentaram a mesma preferência e índice de aceitação acima de 70%. As formulações de néctar não variaram quanto ao pH e SST. Diante das características observadas, as formulações de néctar de cupuaçu e açaí adicionados de FOS apresentaram potencial para a comercialização, sendo uma opção mais saudável de néctar, pois os mesmos não possuem aditivos e são fonte de fibras dietéticas.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.33194
Making the cut: the rise of robots
Authors: Kerstein Ryan
Published: June 2019

Our resident gadget geek surveys the tech landscape
Sensitivity Analysis of Evolutionary Algorithm for Software Reusability
Authors: Rathee Amit , Chhabra Jitender Kumar
Published: June 2019

Fast and competitive software industry demands rapid development using Component Based Software Development (CBSD).  CBSD is dependent on the availability of the high-quality reusable component libraries. Recently, evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms have been used to identify sets of reusable software components from the source-code of Object Oriented (OO) software, using different quality indicators (e.g. cohesion, coupling, etc.). Sometimes, these used quality indicators are quite sensitive towards the small variations in their values, although they should not be. Therefore, this paper analyzes the sensitivity of the evolutionary technique for three quality indicators used during the identification: Frequent Usage Pattern (FUP), Semantic and evolutionary coupling. The sensitivity analysis is performed on three widely used open-source OO software. The experimentation is performed by mutating the system to different degrees. Results of the empirical analysis indicate that the semantic parameter is most sensitive and important. Ignoring this feature highly degrades the quality; FUP relation is uniformly sensitive and evolutionary relations's sensitivity is non-uniform.
Evolving Predictions for Executive Pay Features in Board Networks
Authors: Hauptman Ami , Benbassat Amit , Rosenboim Rosit
Published: June 2019

Numerous recent studies in finance literature have shown that board networks are an important inter-corporate setting, influencing corporate decisions made by the board of directors, for example the determination of executive pay features. In this paper, we evolve predictors for the existence and adoption of several important pay features among S&P1500 companies, over the period 2006--2012. We use data from five well-known financial databases, including hundreds of variables containing both director-level and firm-level data. We present two approaches for predicting executive pay features. The first approach is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) used to evolve predictors based on weighted vectors of the predicting variables, providing relatively easy to understand prediction rules. The second approach employs Genetic Programming (GP) with sets of functions and terminals we devised specifically for this domain, based on contemporary research in finance. Thus, the GP approach explores a wider problem space and allows for more complex feature combinations. Experiments using both methods attain high quality prediction results, when compared to previous results in finance research. Additionally, our model is capable of successfully predicting combinations of pay features, compared to standard empirical models in finance, under various experimental conditions.
Eigenvector Crossover in the Efficient jSO Algorithm
Authors: Bujok Petr , Polakova Radka
Published: June 2019

In this paper, a new variant of an efficient adaptive jSO algorithm is presented. The original jSO uses popular binomial crossover which is applied in a standard coordinate system. Many problems tend to rotate the coordinate system in one or more axes. This is the reason why a crossover variant using Eigen coordinate system replaces the original binomial version of crossover in jSO. The newly proposed jSOe performs significantly better compared with the original jSO when solving 90 problems of the CEC 2017 benchmark set.
Modeling CBR Value using RF and M5P Techniques
Authors: Suthar Manju , Aggarwal Praveen
Published: June 2019

Two modeling techniques namely (i) Random forest (RF) and (ii) M5P model tree are used to model, soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) value of thermal power plant generated stabilized pond ash. Pond ash was stabilized with the help of commercially available lime and industrial waste lime sludge. CBR data generated from exhaustive experimental programme was used in the study.  Variations in doses of stabilizer i.e. lime (L) and lime sludge (LS), curing duration (CP) and proctor test results density (MDD) & moisture (OMC) are considered as input variables. Experimentally observed CBR value was used as output variable. Performance of models was measured using standard statistical parameters. Although, both the model’s performance in predicting CBR value is satisfactory however from the statistical parameters it is evident that RF method perform better in comparison to M5P model. Sensitivity analyses identify CP as the most influencing factor that affects CBR value of the stabilized pond ash.
The Dialectic of Nonsimultaneity in Bahaa Taher's Sunset Oasis
Authors: AbuSehly Karam
Published: June 2019

The article aims at reading Bahaa Taher's Wāḥat al-Ghuūb (Sunset Oasis) through Ernst Bloch's notion of the simultaneity of the nonsimultaneous (Gleichzeitigkeit des Ungleichzeitigen), which foregrounds the existence of a multilayered temporality in the now, together with its inherent contradictions. By deploying the hermeneutical capacity of the simultaneity of the nonsimultaneous, the article shows how Taher highlights the condition of a nation in crisis, through its social and cultural strata that are out of sync. The simultaneity of the nonsimultaneous is, therefore, the underlying logic of the content as well as a form of expression. By analyzing the multilayered temporality, the article argues that Bahaa Taher introduces a multivoiced dialectic, that brings all contradictions to consciousness without mastering and controlling them under a grand narrative.
Empathy and the Lebanese Civil War of 1958 in the USA
Authors: Labelle Maurice Jr.
Published: June 2019

This article examines the role that empathy played during the US intervention in the Lebanese civil war of 1958, also known as Operation Blue Bat. Through deep readings of public texts, it explores how a minority of Americans empathized with Lebanese opponents of President Camille Chamoun. After the arrival of US forces, Lebanese anti-Chamounists made their voices heard and feeling felt in the USA via global information providers, enacting cultural interventions. Lebanese dissent was headline news, engendering empathetic processes that reoriented US ways of feeling, thinking, and acting. By using empathy as a point of entry into historical intercultural relations, this article unearths how genuine transnational understandings were socially formed during a moment of conflict. Ultimately, it argues that a focus on empathy gives foreign relations scholars an avenuethateschews nefarious Orientalist binaries and their powers in the process.
From Orientalism to Islamophobia: Reflections, Confirmations, and Reservations
Authors: Skenderovic Damir , Späti Christina
Published: June 2019

While European Orientalism looks back on a long history, the rise of Islamophobia is generally found to have taken place since the 1990s. Both phenomena rely on recurrent and shifting ideas, tropes and narratives that are used when imagining and describing the Other, and tend to be based on variations of “Muslim,” “Jew,” and “Orient.” This introduction raises several aspects that are important in order to understand the two phenomena, as well as to appreciate the similarities and differences between them. While it is obvious that some typically orientalist tropes have made their way into contemporary Islamophobia, the contributions in this special issue ofReOrientalso demonstrate that Orientalism can be understood as a multi-layered construct that conflated negative with positive sentiments, and thereby also occasionally romanticized the “Orient.” In contrast, Islamophobia is based on the unidimensional conception of an essentialized Islam and a racialized Muslim. Fueled by negative prejudices and stereotypes, it results in attitudes asserting undesirability, distrust, and hostility.
Expression of IFT140 During Bone Development
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Shuai , Sun Yao
Published: June 2019

Primary cilia, hair-like organelles projecting from the surface of cells, are critical for sensing extracellular stimuli and transmitting molecular signals that regulate cell functions. During bone development, cell cilia are found in several types of cells, but their roles require further investigation. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the formation and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia. IFT140 is a core protein of the IFT-A complex. Mutations in IFT140 have been associated with cases of skeletal ciliopathies. In this study, we examined the expression of IFT140 during bone development. The results showed that, compared with many soft tissues, Ift140 (mRNA level) was highly expressed in bone. Moreover, its expression level was downregulated in the long bones of murine osteoporosis models. At the histological level, IFT140 was characteristically expressed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes at representative stages of bone development, and its expression level in these two types of cells was observed in two waves. These findings suggest that IFT140 may play an important role in the process of chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation during bone development.
Role of 72-kDa Heat Shock Protein in Heat-stimulated Regeneration of Injured Muscle in Rat
Authors: Kami Katsuya , Ohira Takashi , Oishi Yasuharu , Nakajima Takayuki , Goto Katsumasa , Ohira Yoshinobu
Published: June 2019

The regeneration of injured muscles is facilitated by intermittent heat stress. The 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72), the level of which is increased by heat stress, is likely involved in this effect, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the localization and role(s) of HSP72 in the regenerating muscles in heat-stressed rats using immunohistochemistry. Heat stress was applied by immersion of the rat lower body into hot water (42C, 30 min, every other day) following injection of bupivacaine into the soleus muscles. After 1 week, we found that HSP72 was expressed at high levels not only in the surviving myofibers but also in the blood vessels of the regenerating muscles in heated rats. In addition, leukocytes, possibly granulocytes, expressing cluster of differentiation 43 within the blood capillaries surrounding the regenerating myofibers also highly expressed HSP72. In contrast, marked expression of HSP72 was not observed in the intact or regenerating muscles without heat stress. These results suggest that heat-stress-induced HSP72 within the myofibers, blood vessels, and circulating leukocytes may play important roles in enhancing regeneration of injured muscles by heat stress. Our findings would be useful to investigate cell-specific role(s) of HSP72 during skeletal muscle regeneration.