bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candida, the Opportunistic Human Pathogen
Authors: Shahabudin Sakina , Azmi Nina Suhaity
Published: March 2020

Candida species are known human pathogens that have caused high morbidity and mortality among affected individuals. Candida albicans can switch forms from yeast to hyphae, in which both forms are virulent. Due to its commensal status in normal human microflora, C. albicans poses a virtual threat to humankind because of their dimorphism ability under opportunistic environmental conditions. Because of the increased usage of prophylactic antifungal agents in the treatment of candidiasis, reports of Candida species developing antifungal resistance are increasing. Recent observations of cross-reaction between different classes of antifungal drugs that could yield multidrug-resistant pathogenic Candida species are concerns that need to be urgently addressed.
Mixed Shock States: A Case for the Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Authors: Thurman Paul
Published: March 2020

The pulmonary artery catheter is a valuable tool available to the clinician for use in deciphering complex hemodynamic scenarios. Patients in shock, particularly those who are elderly or have premorbid conditions such as heart failure, may have atypical presentations. Additional hemodynamic data may help identify interventions that might seem counterintuitive, such as the use of vasoconstrictors in patients with low cardiac output.

Interpretation of pulmonary artery hemodynamic data is a skill that should not be relegated to the past. This article reviews the use of a pulmonary artery catheter in mixed shock states. A case study is used to demonstrate how pulmonary artery catheter hemodynamic values can guide the care of these patients.
Super-predation and intraguild interactions in a multi-predator-one-prey system alter the abundance and behaviour of green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Khudr Mouhammad Shadi , Fliegner Lea , Buzhdygan Oksana Y. , Wurst Susanne
Published: March 2020

The dynamics of interactions amongst natural enemies are central to the investigation of insect pest ecology. Ternary and quaternary interactions between parasitoids and predators in the presence of entomophagous organisms are yet to be comprehensively explored. We investigated the performance of a clone of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae(Sulzer); Hemiptera: Aphididae), raised on savoy cabbage (Brassica oleraceaLinnaeus; Brassicaceae), under all possible combinations of: I) the parasitoidAphidius colemaniViereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); II) the predatorChrysoperla carnea(Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); III) the predatorAdalia bipunctata(Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); and IV) the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum(Koch) (Araneae: Theridiidae). We demonstrate a considerably differential green peach aphid abundance, polyphenism, and fine-scale spatial distribution in response to the combination, number, and identity of the present enemy species and their interactions. Surprisingly, certain combinations led to thriving green peach aphid populations due to interference between enemies; whereas, other combinations resulted in tangible collective suppression of the population. At the frontier of agroecology and entomology, we provide fresh insights on the effects of conflict and synergy between natural enemies sharing a pest of a cash crop as prey, highlighting the consequences of the presence of a novel synanthropic spider, as a top predator, on pest regulation.
Soluble CD27 and MIF as possible serum biomarkers of vitiligo activity in Egyptian patients in Sharkia Governorate
Authors: El-Ghareeb Mohamed Ibrahim , ElMokadem Sahar , Elsayed Basma , Khalifa Naglaa
Published: March 2020

Contrary to other inflammatory skin disorders like psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, vitiligo does not present with distinct inflammatory symptoms that can be easily evaluated by clinical examination. Identification of a putative biomarker to inform early and accurate treatment responses could be of considerable value. This study aims to validate levels of serum soluble CD27 (sCD27) and macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as biomarkers of vitiligo to improve the quality of disease management. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 vitiligo patients, stratified into two subgroups of 22 active and 10 stable vitiligo patients; the stable group containing 1 segmental and 9 non-segmental presentations, and 32 matched healthy individuals as the control group. Of the 32 patients in the study, 21 were female and 11 were male with a median age of 30 years. The measurements of the study parameters of sCD27 and MIF in the serum were carried out through blood sampling and followed up for three months at one-month intervals for stable vitiligo cases. Mean serum levels of sCD27 and MIF were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in the control group. A positive correlation was observed in active vitiligo cases between both serum MIF and sCD27 levels and the spreading item of Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) score as an indicator of disease activity. Serum sCD27 and MIF levels in vitiligo patients were observed to be higher than that of controls with greater correlation found for sCD27 with disease activity.
Therapeutic strategy for tracheal chondrosarcoma: report of two cases
Authors: Carretta Angelo , Ciriaco Paola , Bandiera Alessandro , Muriana Piergiorgio , Arrigoni Gianluigi , Negri Giampiero
Published: March 2020

Primary chondrosarcoma of the trachea is an extremely rare tumor. We report two cases of tracheal chondrosarcoma describing the role of surgical and conservative treatment. Endoscopic treatment with rigid bronchoscopy was performed in both patients to restore airway patency and obtain histological specimens for diagnosis. One of the patients subsequently underwent successful tracheal resection and reconstruction. The other patient, who had a contraindication to surgical treatment due to associated diseases underwent iterative endoscopic LASER treatment and is alive three years after the first diagnosis. Surgical treatment remains the treatment of choice of tracheal chondrosarcoma. When surgery is contraindicated endoscopic treatment may allow relatively longterm survival due to the slow growth of these tumors.
Report on 2018 field activities and collection of ground-thermal and active-layer data in the Mackenzie corridor, Northwest Territories
Authors: Duchesne C , Chartrand J , Smith S
L
Published: March 2020

This report presents a summary of field activities conducted in 2018 in the Mackenzie corridor, north of Wrigley, N.W.T. Air temperature, ground-thermal and active-layer data acquired from permafrost monitoring sites visited in 2018 are provided in graphical and
tabular format. Ground temperature records for the 2007-2018 period are also presented and indicate that permafrost is generally warming throughout the corridor and for a majority of sites, permafrost is currently warmer than the baseline established during the International Polar Year (2007-2009).
The data presented provide essential baseline information that can be utilized by stakeholders and others for various purposes such as land-management activities, regulatory processes and planning of northern infrastructure.
Middle ear pathologies in adults within the mining industry: A systematic review
Authors: Sebothoma Ben
Published: March 2020

Background: Literature suggests that risk factors for middle ear pathologies, such as traumatic injuries and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exist in mines. However, studies on hearing health in mines seem to focus primarily on occupational noise-induced hearing loss and ignore middle ear pathologies. As a result, there is little documented evidence on the trends of middle ear pathologies in mine workers.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore and document published evidence reflecting trends in middle ear pathologies in mine workers.Method: A systematic literature review of studies that reported middle ear pathologies in mine workers was conducted. Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies in English published between January 1994 and December 2018 and reporting on trends in middle ear pathologies in mine workers.Results: Two research studies met the selection criteria and were included for analysis. One research study used tympanometry with 226 Hz probe tone, while another study used interviews to determine the presence of middle ear pathologies. While these studies indicate that middle ear pathologies exist in individuals working in mines, the evidence is limited.Conclusion: While current data indicate that individuals working in mines may present with middle ear pathologies of varying severities, the evidence is too small to provide a clear trend of middle ear pathologies in individuals working in mines. Therefore, the current limited data suggest a need for further studies to examine middle ear pathologies in individuals working in mines.
Butterworth Hospital Transkei
Authors: Sigaba S. M.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
The satisfactory surgical outcome of posterior fossa brain tumors in children at civil hospital, karachi
Authors: Kakar Jahanzeb , Ashraf Junaid , Khan Atiq , Imran Muhammad , Rehmani Muhammad , Ghori Shiraz , Ali Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Posterior fossa brain tumor is the most devastating forms of human illness, primarily because of the limited space within the posterior fossa, the potential involvement of vital brain stem nuclei, and the mass effect causes obstructive hydrocephalus. Posterior fossa tumors are more common in children than adults. The Objective of the Study: To find out the satisfactory surgical outcome of posterior fossa brain tumors in children at Civil hospital, Karachi. Materials and Methods and Duration of Study Setting: This prospective observational, case series study was conducted from February 2015 to February 2105 in the Department of neurosurgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Karachi. Postoperative patients with the diagnosis of posterior fossa tumor were enrolled in the study. Detailed history, physical examination, anthropometrics, and biochemical measurements were recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging was done to determine the satisfactory surgical outcome. Patients were followed up at the third postoperative month to determine the satisfactory surgical outcome. Results: Seventy-one patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, the mean ± standard deviation age of the study population was 6.63 ± 3.181 years. 29 (40.8%) were <7 years of age and 42 (59.2%) were of age 7 years and above. 50 (70.4%) were males and 21 (29.6%) were females. 49 (69%) patients presented with vomiting. 34 (47.9%) presented with seizures. (40.8%) had papilledema. (25.4%) presented with hemiparesis. 8 (11.3%) had meningismus. On analysis of the frequency of outcome variables (80.3%) achieved the satisfactory surgical outcome. Conclusions: There has been no major study to determine satisfactory surgical outcome in postoperative patients with posterior fossa brain tumor in our population. The study was to provide local data in our population and compare it to the international data. This may help in proper patient management. Majority of the patients had satisfactory surgical outcome. The absence of papilledema, hemiparesis, and meningismus had more chances of satisfactory surgical outcome.
Passenger and Light Truck Tire Traction Device Profile Determination and Classification
Authors:   Highway Tire Committee
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to set up a guide as to body, frame, and wheelhouse clearances required to accommodate tire traction devices (e.g., tire chains), and to provide a means of classifying these devices according to their maximum profile. In addition, it enables the vehicle manufacturer to specify the proper traction devices for each vehicle.

This report is intended to apply to passenger cars and light trucks up to 4535 kg (10 001 lb) GVW. This document is not to be construed as approving traction device operation at conditions exceeding manufacturer's specifications, although short periods of such operations may be required for test purposes.
Félix Candela en Madrid. La insólita geometría del techo del vestíbulo central de la estación de sol
Authors: García García Rafael
Published: March 2020

El techo del vestíbulo principal de la madrileña estación de Sol contiene una de las estructuras más peculiares de toda la red del metro de Madrid. Dentro del tipo de losas planas con nervaduras, al que pertenece, fue diseñado mediante una geometría totalmente original y sin precedentes conocidos. Terminada en 1987, su diseñador fue Félix Candela, y con ella realizó, dentro de su etapa de colaboración con la empresa de ingeniería TYPSA, una obra singular que lo es incluso dentro de su propia y reconocida trayectoria. El objeto de este trabajo es el análisis del diseño de la losa del techo del vestíbulo, con  el propósito fundamental de revelar su geometría, poner de manifiesto las particulares propiedades de su dibujo y hacer algunas hipótesis sobre determinados aspectos constructivos relacionados con lo anterior.
La teoría de E. Mössel en la base del trazado que regula un modelo de caserío guipuzcoano del siglo XV. Parte I
Authors: Telleria Julian Ibon , González Floristán Nerea , Susperregi Lasalde Josué
Published: March 2020

Recientes trabajos de investigación sustentados en el análisis arquitectónico y en la dendrocronología han permitido identificar un modelo de caserío guipuzcoano que se remonta a mediados del s.XV. El análisis de varios casos de estudio ha revelado la existencia de constantes constructivas y geométricas que pueden responder a un patrón regulado en base a un sistema de proporciones. Este artículo trata de esclarecer las reglas geométricas que subyacen al modelo y, asumiendo el papel protagonista de la proporción áurea en la literatura referente a las reglas compositivas que rigen las grandes obras de arquitectura del pasado, se ha elaborado una hipótesis en base a la teoría del alemán E. Mössel. Los resultados son convincentes y se puede concluir que los caseríos estudiados comparten un sistema geométrico común basado en la proporción áurea, abriéndose una interesante línea de investigación en un ámbito hasta ahora restringido casi exclusivamente a la arquitectura religiosa.
Narrativas gráficas sobre el metro y la ciudad de Madrid
Authors: Ortega Vidal Javier , Villarreal Colunga Carlos , Rodríguez Callejo Javier
Published: March 2020

Con motivo del proyecto La huella de Metro promovido por el Servicio de Patrimonio Histórico de Metro de Madrid, se realiza esta investigación en torno al dibujo de los elementos patrimoniales de la institución y su relación con la ciudad. Con el objetivo de sintetizar y transmitir la historia y el desarrollo de esta importante infraestructura urbana, se trata de reflexionar sobre las estrategias y procesos gráficos de esta experiencia, realizada además en coordinación y complemento con otros agentes. Teniendo como referentes otros dibujos históricos, se realizan modelos digitales mediante procesos de restitución y reconstitución gráfica que establecen las bases para elaborar un conjunto de ediciones intencionadas, unificadas por una voluntad narrativa dirigida a la transmisión de estos valores y su memoria a la sociedad.
Los dibujos de Aizpúrua y Labayen; travesía hacia una nueva dimensión
Authors: León Cascante Íñigo , Pérez Martínez José Javier , Senderos Laka María
Published: March 2020

José Manuel Aizpúrua y Joaquín Labayen formaron parte de ese pequeño grupo de pioneros que a principios del siglo XX decidieron romper con los preceptos de la arquitectura academicista española del siglo XIX y apostar por una arquitectura que sentara las bases de una sociedad moderna. Resulta sorprendente que en el breve periodo de seis años, tiempo en el que transcurrió su trayectoria como pareja profesional, fueran capaces de explorar, emplear y simultanear múltiples recursos gráficos en la producción del dibujo arquitectónico. A través de estos ensayos experimentales sobre el lenguaje gráfico, jugaron a difundir y crear una nueva iconografía. En el material estructurado por tipos de dibujo, se puede apreciar este propósito, que se sigue en la tipografía, en la fotografía, en sus montajes reversibles, y se extiende también a la presentación del proyecto. Son recursos cuyo principal objetivo es divulgar y proclamar la necesidad de una nueva arquitectura.
Fatores de governança corporativa e de estrutura de propriedade e suas influências nos honorários da auditoria independente
Authors: Freitas Aline Rúbia Ferraz de , Rodrigues Raimundo Nonato , Anjos Luiz Carlos Marques dos
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar a influência da governança corporativa e estrutura de propriedade sobre os honorários da auditoria independente em empresas listadas na B3. A coleta de dados compreendeu o período de 2012 a 2014, e 214 firmas. Os resultados permitem inferir que existe relação entre fatores de governança corporativa e estrutura de propriedades com os honorários da auditoria independente. Conclui-se que governança corporativa e estrutura de propriedade influenciam os honorários da auditoria independente, onde empresas que possuem melhores práticas de governança geram mais controles para serem auditados, aumentando os custos com auditoria independente. Em contrapartida, empresas com um elevado grau de concentração de propriedade, caracterizadas por terem maior facilidade de existência de conflitos de agência, tendem a possuir menos controles, consequentemente com menos dados a serem auditados, sendo mais fácil para o acionista majoritário fazer prevalecer seu próprio interesse, diminuindo assim os custos com auditoria independente.
Communicating complex forecasts: an analysis of the approach in Nepal's flood early warning system
Authors: Budimir Mirianna , Donovan Amy , Brown Sarah , Shakya Puja , Gautam Dilip , Uprety Madhab , Cranston Michael , Sneddon Alison , Smith Paul , Dugar Sumit
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Early warning systems have the potential to save lives and improve
resilience. However, barriers and challenges remain in disseminating and
communicating early warning information to institutional decision-makers,
community members and individuals at risk, including unequal access,
insufficient understanding, and inability to act on warning information.
Research was undertaken to analyse and understand the current flood early
warning system in Nepal, considering available data and forecasts,
information flows, early warning dissemination, and decision-making for early
action. Data were collected from key informant interviews, community-level
questionnaires, and a national stakeholder workshop and qualitatively
analysed. The availability and utilisation of simple and complex flood
forecasts in Nepal, and their integration into dissemination, and decision
support tools were reviewed, considering their impact on improving early
action to increase the resilience of vulnerable communities to flooding.
Results suggest that as Nepal continues to advance in hydro-meteorological
forecasting capabilities, efforts are simultaneously needed to ensure these
forecasts are more effectively communicated and disseminated.
Responses of soil water storage and crop water use efficiency to changing climatic conditions: a lysimeter-based space-for-time approach
Authors: Groh Jannis , Vanderborght Jan , Pütz Thomas , Vogel Hans-Jörg , Gründling Ralf , Rupp Holger , Rahmati Mehdi , Sommer Michael , Vereecken Harry , Gerke Horst H.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Future crop production will be affected by climatic
changes. In several regions, the projected changes in total rainfall and
seasonal rainfall patterns will lead to lower soil water storage (SWS), which
in turn affects crop water uptake, crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), grain
quality and groundwater recharge. Effects of climate change on those
variables depend on the soil properties and were often estimated based on
model simulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the
response of key variables in four different soils and for two different
climates in Germany with a different aridity index (AI): 1.09 for the wetter
(range: 0.82 to 1.29) and 1.57 for the drier (range: 1.19 to 1.77) climate. This is done
by using high-precision weighable lysimeters. According to a
“space-for-time” (SFT) concept, intact soil monoliths that were moved to sites
with contrasting climatic conditions have been monitored from April 2011
until December 2017. Evapotranspiration (ET) was lower for the same soil under the relatively drier
climate, whereas crop yield was significantly higher, without affecting grain
quality. Especially “non-productive” water losses (evapotranspiration out of
the main growing period) were lower, which led to a more efficient crop water
use in the drier climate. A characteristic decrease of the SWS for soils
with a finer texture was observed after a longer drought period under a
drier climate. The reduced SWS after the drought remained until the end of
the observation period which demonstrates carry-over of drought from one
growing season to another and the overall long-term effects of single
drought events. In the relatively drier climate, water flow at the soil
profile bottom showed a small net upward flux over the entire monitoring
period as compared to downward fluxes (groundwater recharge) or drainage in
the relatively wetter climate and larger recharge rates in the coarser- as
compared to finer-textured soils. The large variability of recharge from
year to year and the long-lasting effects of drought periods on the SWS imply
that long-term monitoring of soil water balance components is necessary to
obtain representative estimates. Results confirmed a more efficient crop
water use under less-plant-available soil moisture conditions. Long-term effects of
changing climatic conditions on the SWS and ecosystem productivity should be
considered when trying to develop adaptation strategies in the agricultural
sector.
Sensitivity and identifiability of rheological parameters in debris flow modeling
Authors: Zegers Gerardo , Mendoza Pablo A. , Garces Alex , Montserrat Santiago
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Over the past decades, several numerical models have been developed to understand, simulate and predict debris flow events. Typically, these models simplify the complex interactions between water and solids using a single-phase approach and different rheological models to represent flow resistance. In this study, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of a debris flow numerical model (FLO-2D) for a suite of relevant variables (i.e., maximum flood area, maximum flow velocity, maximum flow velocity, deposit volume). Our aims are to (i) examine the degree of model overparameterization, and (ii) assess the effectiveness of observational constraints to improve parameter identifiability. We use the Distributed Evaluation of Local Sensitivity Analysis (DELSA) method, which is a hybrid local-global technique. Specifically, we analyze two creeks in northern Chile that were affected by debris flows on March 25, 2015. Our results show that SD and β1 – a parameter related to viscosity – provide the largest sensitivities. Further, our results demonstrate that equifinality is present in FLO-2D, and that final deposited volume and maximum flood area contain considerable information to identify model parameters.
Brief communication: Evaluation of the near-surface climate in ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Delhasse Alison , Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Hofer Stefan , van As Dirk , S. Fausto Robert , Fettweis Xavier
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The ERA5 reanalysis, recently made available by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), is a new reanalysis product at a high resolution replacing ERA-Interim and is considered to provide the best climate reanalysis over Greenland to date. However, so far little is known about the performance of ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). In this study, we compare the near-surface climate from the new ERA5 reanalysis to ERA-Interim, the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) as well as to a state-of-the-art polar regional climate model (MAR). The results show (1) that ERA5 does not outperform ERA-Interim significantly when compared with near-surface climate observations over GrIS, but ASR better models the near-surface temperature than both ERA reanalyses. (2) Polar regional climate models (e.g., MAR) are still a useful tool to downscale the GrIS climate compared to ERA5, as in particular the near-surface temperature in summer has a key role for representing snow and ice processes such as the surface melt. However, assimilating satellite data and using a more recent radiative scheme enable both ERA and ASR reanalyses to represent more satisfactorily than MAR the downward solar and infrared fluxes. (3) MAR near-surface climate is not affected when forced at its lateral boundaries by either ERA5 or ERA-Interim. Therefore, forcing polar regional climate models with ERA5 starting from 1950 will enable long and homogeneous surface mass balance reconstructions.
La caída del dictador en la novela El rey de las ratas de Ednodio Quintero
Authors: Ramírez Lambarry Alejandro
Published: March 2020

El dictador, confiado en su superioridad, narra su historia, y al narrar es víctima de su confianza. El lector, seguro bajo su anonimato, las convenciones literarias y su superioridad ética frente al dictador, lee la novela del dictador y es víctima de su seguridad. Esto, que podríamos llamar un fenómeno de "doble caída", se realiza con gran maestría en las novelas de dictaduras publicadas en la década los setenta. Algunos ejemplos de ello son, El otoño del patriarca, Yo el supremo y El discurso del método. En este artículo queremos analizar este mismo fenómeno literario en la novela El rey de las ratas de Ednodio Quintero, publicada en 1994. Creemos que esta novela escenifica con gran éxito la "doble caída" del dictador y del lector. Nuestro objetivo será, por lo tanto, describir dicho fenómeno al interior de la trama, revelar también sus posibilidades y carencias como herramienta crítica ante la dictadura.
The dictator, believing he is superior, starts telling his story and in doing so he becomes the victim of his self-confidence. The reader, safe under his/her anonymity, the literary conventions and his/her ethical superiority in regards to the dictator, reads the dictator’s novel and becomes the victim of his/her self-confidence. This combination of literary events, that we can refer to as “double fall” is treated with great skill in the dictator novels written during the seventies. Some of the best examples are: El otoño del patriarca, Yo el supremo and El discurso del método. In this article, we wish to analyze this “double fall” in relation to Ednodio Quintero’s novel, El rey de las ratas, published in 1994. We believe that this novel enacts with success the fall of the dictator and the reader. Our aim is thus to describe this enactment within the plot, and to reveal its success and failures in criticizing dictatorship.
Educational Level and Tax Compliance: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria
Authors: Ogoun Stanley , Ekpulu Godspower Anthony
Published: March 2020

The study interrogates the relationship between educational level and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study employs the ex post facto research design to ascertain how government investment in education enhances tax compliance. The study covers 17 years (2002-2018) for both tax revenue (a surrogate for tax compliance) and education expenditure (a surrogate for educational level). From the empirical results, the study concludes that there is a positive nexus between government expenditure on education and tax revenue. The study, therefore, recommends that as a matter of necessity, the government should invest more in the overall educational demand of her citizens not only from tax revenues but from other oil and non-oil sources. The governments, from the federal and state levels, should act as a matter national priority endeavour to meet up with the international budgetary benchmark allocation for education, as recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in its Education for All (EFA) document 2000-2015. This will give Nigerians more access to quality education that would result in moving up the global ranking in HDI with its resultant benefits.
The cost of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in farms in Central Andes of Ecuador
Authors: Cayambe Jhenny , Iglesias Ana
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: Reduction of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions derived from food production is imperative to meet climate change mitigation targets. Sustainable mitigation strategies also combine improvements in soil fertility and structure, nutrient recycling, and the use more efficient use of water. Many of these strategies are based on agricultural know-how, with proven benefits for farmers and the environment. This paper considers measures that could contribute to emissions reduction in subsistence farming systems and evaluation of management alternatives in the Central Andes of Ecuador. We focused on potato and milk production because they represent two primary employment and income sources in the region’s rural areas and are staple foods in Latin America.Area of study: Central Andes of Ecuador: Carchi, Chimborazo, Cañar provincesMaterial and methods: Our approach to explore the cost and the effectiveness of mitigation measures combines optimisation models with participatory methods.Main results: Results show the difference of mitigation costs between regions which should be taken into account when designing of any potential support given to farmers. They also show that there is a big mitigation potential from applying the studied measures which also lead to increased soil fertility and soil structure improvements due to the increased soil organic carbon.Research highlights: This study shows that marginal abatement cost curves derived for different agro-climatic regions are helpful tools for the development of realistic regional mitigation options for the agricultural sector.
Assessment of the Efficacy of Creativity-Based Instructional Model on Scientific Attitude in Basic Science and Technology Among Pupils
Authors: Orji Joy C. , Gana Celina S. , Ezema Victor S. , Okenyi Emmanuel C. , Ugwuanyi Christian S. , Ngwoke Anthonia N. , Otta Florence E. , Okondugba Alexander Chuwkuemeka , Ibiam Julie U.
Published: March 2020

This study assessed the efficacy of creativity-based instructional model on scientific attitude in Basic science and technology among pupils. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design of non-equivalent control group. A sample of 244 pupils (135 males and 109 females) was drawn for the study using a multistage sampling procedure. The instruments used for data collection was the Scientific Attitude Assessment Scale (SAAS). Data collected were analyzed using mean to answer the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that creativity-based instructional model significantly enhanced pupils’ scientific attitude. It was equally revealed that gender had no significant influence on pupils’ scientific attitude. Based on the findings and conclusions, it was recommended among others, that the use of Creativity-based Instructional Strategy should be encouraged and popularized among primary school teachers through workshops, conferences and seminars.
Financial Sector Development and Open Economy for Income Inequality Reduction: A Panel Fixed Model Analysis
Authors: Ngangué Ngwen
Published: March 2020

This study utilizes a panel fixed model to analyze the impact of financial sector development and commercial openness on income disparity of 40 developing countries over the period between 1995 and 2016. The empirical results suggest that there is a relationship between financial sector development, trade openness and income inequality. We establish that, in Latin America, the financial sector development increases income inequality while in Subsaharian Africa, we show the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and income inequality. Trade openness increases income inequality in the 40 selected countries. The increasing of 1 percent of trade openness leads the rise of 0,077 and 0,068 percent of income inequality in Latin America and Subsaharian Africa respectively. To alleviate income inequality, the government should (1) more develop financial sector and socially wide-ranging over period, important to welfares for both the rich and poor, and (2) diversify its commercial and industrial base beyond primary products in order to export high value-added products to generate more resources, better distribute them between rich and poor, and create more job opportunities.
Case Law in Ukraine: On the Issues of Its Introduction and Development in the Activity of Supreme Court
Authors: Stetsyk Nazarii
Published: March 2020

The article covers the doctrinal issues of judicial precedent and case law in the legal doctrine, substantiates the need for formalization and official recognition of the actual role of the decisions of the supreme courts in similar cases.
Traditional doctrinal delimitation and contrasting case law and judicial practice leads to refuse of taking into account the positive experience of the functioning of case law in common law countries. Taking into account such experience would help to satisfy the demands of the court practice in raising the significance of the decisions of the supreme courts in similar cases.
In Ukraine, as in many post-Soviet countries, there is a tendency to refuse explanations of legislation on the basis of summarizing of court practice, and at the same time formalization and official recognition of the bindiness and normativity of decisions of the supreme courts in specific cases.
In this regard, the peculiarities of the introducing and development of the case law of the Supreme Court in Ukraine at various stages are analyzed. Also highlighted their positive and negative aspects.
Strict liability Regime in Poland
Authors: Śliwiński Emil
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on administrative violations, which are considered to be based on strict (or objective) liability model. Due to the lack of in-depth scholarly analysis of administrative liability, its principles had to be developed in the case-law of the Constitutional Tribunal, which influences the decisions of administrative courts. The recently introduced provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure concerning administrative monetary penalties are also analysed. The conformity of this model with the guarantees provided by the European Convention on Human Rights is examined, as well. The analysis leads to the conclusion that three exculpatory circumstances are recognized in this regime: force majeure, necessity and ensuring the standard of diligence established by the Constitutional Tribunal.
Produksi pelengkap nutrisi dari mikroalga laut Spirulina platensis dan Botyrococcus braunii
Authors: Arbianti Rita , Amini Sri , Utami Tania Surya
Published: March 2020

Production of nutritional supplements from Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus Braunii marine microalgae.The low level of health of pregnant women is one of the results from the deficiency of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in Indonesia. Giving supplement containing DHA, EPA, and AA, can solve the problem.  Usually, these nutritional supplements are produced from marine fish oil. However, this source has several deficiencies that influence the quality of the fatty acid produced. Therefore, alternative sources of oil need to be found that can replace fish oil to produce DHA, EPA, and AA. One of the very potential sources is heterotrophic cultivated microalgae. In this study, microalgae from species Spirulina platensis and Botyrococcus braunii collected from Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology in Jakarta, were cultivated. Once microalgae is cultivated autotrophically, the culture were transformed to heterotrophic condition by adding 0.5 g/L glucose solution. Results showed that lipid yield from S.platensis and B. braunii were 5.297 and 0.173 (%-w dry biomass), respectively. Composition of DHA, EPA and AA from S.platensis and B.braunii oils were 0.006, 0.002, and 0.001 (%-w of lipid), respectively.Keywords: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotroph, microwave, microalgae AbstrakSalah satu dampak kekurangan asam-asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 di Indonesia adalah rendahnya tingkat kesehatan ibu hamil. Pemberian pelengkap nutrisi yang mengandung DHA, EPA dan AA dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan tersebut. Pada umumnya suplemen tersebut diperoleh dari minyak ikan laut, namun sumber ini memiliki beberapa kekurangan yang mempengaruhi kualitas asam lemak yang dihasilkan, sehingga diperlukan pengganti minyak ikan laut sebagai sumber utama DHA, EPA dan AA. Salah satu sumber pelengkap nutrisi yang sangat potensial adalah mikroalga yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kultivasi mikroalga  spesies Spirulina platensis dan Botyrococcus braunii yang dikoleksi oleh Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Perikanan di Jakarta. Kultivasi masing-masing mikroalga tersebut mula-mula dilakukan secara normal (autotrof), kemudian dikondisikan menjadi heterotrof dengan pemberian glukosa 0,5 g/L. Hasil ekstraksi dengan gelombang mikro  menunjukkan  bahwa S. platensis dan B. braunii yang dikultivasi secara heterotrof memiliki kandungan minyak berturut-turut sebesar 5,297 dan 0,173 %-b (berdasarkan biomassa kering). Kandungan DHA, EPA, dan AA dalam minyak dari kedua mikroalga tersebut adalah  berturut-turut sebesar 0,006, 0,002, dan 0,001 %-massa relatif terhadap minyak.Kata kunci: Spirulina platensis, Botryococcus braunii, heterotrof, gelombang mikro, mikroalga
Crisis-Driven Tax Law: The Case of Section 382
Authors: Choi Albert H. , Curtis Quinn , Hayashi Andrew T.
Published: March 2020

At the peak of the 2008 financial crisis, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued Notice 2008–83 (the Notice), administrative guidance that limited Internal Revenue Code (the Code) section 382, an important tax rule designed to discourage tax-motivated acquisitions. Although styled as a mere interpretation of existing law, the Notice has been widely viewed as an improper exercise of the IRS’s authority that undermined its legitimacy. But did the Notice work? There were many extraordinary interventions during the financial crisis that raised questions about eroding the rule of law and the long-term destabilizing effects of bail­outs. In a financial crisis, regulators must weigh these real, but distant and uncertain, costs against the immediate benefits of the intervention. Toward that end, we report the first evidence of the effects of limiting Code section 382 during the 2008 financial crisis. Although we find lit­tle evidence that the Notice affected bank merger activity, those merg­ers that occurred while the Notice was in effect produced lower post-merger income growth. The results suggest that Code section 382 may have some benefits in terms of discouraging tax-motivated acqui­sitions. We use the Notice to illustrate the concerns that should guide lawmakers’ decisions about if and how to make law during a crisis.
Can Anyone Be Trusted to Enforce National Treatment Disciplines With Respect to Tax Measures?
Authors: Brown Patricia A.
Published: March 2020

Because the traditional non-discrimination article of tax treaties seem­ingly provides protection against only the most blatant discrimination against non-residents and non-nationals of a taxing State, governments may be emboldened to adopt “anti-abuse” rules that are in reality dis­guised trade barriers. On the other hand, trade disciplines in non-tax agreements may include protections against discriminatory taxes that non-specialist courts interpret in expansive ways, contrary to the wishes of tax authorities. An OECD project in the mid-2000s was an opportu­nity for governments to re-think the piecemeal nature of the traditional non-discrimination article in tax treaties and develop a coherent national treatment system that takes into account legitimate tax policy concerns. Instead, the project resulted in a mishmash of changes that largely blessed the various discriminatory practices that governments had adopted to that date. If tax authorities want to continue to play a leading role in developing international tax policy, they should consider whether a tax treaty approach that borrows concepts from non-tax agreements would better balance the interests of governments and tax­payers than the current version of Article 24 (and the Commentaries thereon).
Sonnenaufgang statt Rathaus-Debatte. Eine Inhaltsanalyse deutscher Lokalzeitungen auf Instagram
Authors: Schützeneder Jonas , Graßl Michael , Klinghardt Korbinian
Published: March 2020

Seit Jahren bauen Zeitungsredaktionen in Deutschland ihre Inhalte und Teams im Bereich Social Media konsequent aus. Allerdings hat die Social Media-Nutzung in den vergangenen Jahren einen Umbruch hinter sich. Facebook hat seine Vormachtstellung verloren, vor allem die junge Zielgruppe ist verstärkt auf Instagram aktiv. Interessant ist daher die Frage, wie Lokalzeitungen diesen Kanal bespielen. Dies wird mittels einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse beantwortet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es vielen Zeitungen noch an einer klaren Social Media-Strategie fehlt. Grundlegende journalistische Standards, z. B. die Nennung von Bild- oder Texturheber, werden nicht eingehalten und auch bei der Vermarktung eigener publizistischer Leistungen ist das Potential noch lange nicht ausgeschöpft.
Das Lokaljournalistenprogramm der bpb. Leistungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Vehmeier Anke
Published: March 2020

Demographie, Verkehr, Bildung, Kultur, Sport, Kommunalpolitik - all das sind Themen, die im Lokalen stattfinden, und die den Arbeitsalltag von Lokalredaktionen so spannend und facettenreich machen. Durch ihre Berichterstattung leisten die Lokaljournalist_innen einen wichtigen Beitrag, um ihre Leserinnen und Leser in Zeiten von Informationsüberflutung und gezielten Falschmeldungen aufzuklären, Orientierung zu bieten und ihnen zu ermöglichen, sich eine eigene Meinung zu bilden. Vor diesem Hintergrund engagiert sich die Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung mit ihrem Lokaljournalistenprogramm seit mehr als 40 Jahren für einen qualitätsvollen, selbstbewussten und professionellen Lokaljournalismus.
2020 – das Jahr der Digitalisierung
Authors: Möws Volker
Published: March 2020

Ob elektronische Patientenakte, das elektronische Rezept oder die elektronische Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigung - die Digitalisierungsoffensive von Gesundheitsminister Jens Spahn wird in diesem Jahr die Menschen erreichen. Doch weiter gilt es, Hürden zu überwinden und Digitalisierungsskeptiker zu überzeugen, bis eine wirklich zukunftsfähige Versorgung im Alltag der Menschen ankommt. Für ein System, das Ärzte entlastet, Patienten bessere Versorgung anbietet und die steigenden Kosten dämpft. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Fortschritt der Digitalisierung unter Jens Spahn und ein Ausblick auf die künftige Entwicklung des Gesundheitssystems.
Pro nás lépe už bylo... Vymístění z velké historie a kolektivní paměť "českých Němců"
Authors: Šmídová Olga
Published: March 2020

Článek analyzuje autobiografické vzpomínky členů nejstarší generace Němců žijících v České republice. Pracuje s etno-koncepty "českých Němců a/nebo německých Čechů" (a "S/sudetských Němců") jako specificky emickými koncepty a/nebo přirozenými kategoriemi. Nejprve představuje sebe-kategorizace participantů a narativní praktiky, které daná komunita paměti sdílí. Ukazuje, jak tito lidé, kteří v České republice zůstali po odsunu většiny etnických Němců po 2. světové válce, rekonstruují své vidění minulosti. Analyzuje narativní formy užité v těchto autobiografických příbězích a váhu přítomnosti, jež spočívá na evokacích minulosti. Poslední část textu nabízí detailnější rozbor kolektivního obrazu První republiky i toho, jak jej daní mluvčí využívají při popisu, hodnocení a kritice dnešní situace (tj. situace českých Němců v České republice po roce 1989).
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms Rarely Mimic Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Soft Tissue
Authors: Cannatella John , Ganapathi Karthik , Horvai Andrew
Published: March 2020

Context.—

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) of soft tissue is defined as a sarcoma with no recognizable line of differentiation. During the past few decades, advances in ancillary studies and review of prior UPS diagnoses have narrowed the category of UPS by excluding more-specific malignancies. However, few of those studies have specifically targeted pleomorphic hematolymphoid neoplasms.

Objective.—

To determine what fraction of UPS cases are misclassified pleomorphic hematolymphoid neoplasms, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma (HS), myeloid sarcoma, and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.

Design.—

Sixty-one UPS cases were screened by tissue microarray and an immunostain panel with subsequent analysis on whole block sections for suspicious cases.

Results.—

Five of 61 tumors (8%) were suggestive of HS based on the screening panel and were further evaluated with additional immunostains (PU.1, CD45, CD163) using whole sections. The 5 candidate HS cases were only focally positive for at most one stain with most staining in smaller, less-pleomorphic cells. Ultimately, no UPS met criteria for anaplastic large cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, myeloid sarcoma, follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, or HS.

Conclusions.—

Our results suggest that a UPS of somatic soft tissue is unlikely to represent a misclassified hematopoietic malignancy. Exclusion of HS is most challenging, but immunostaining for PU.1, a nuclear transcription factor, may be easier to interpret in this context.
Studying Media Literacy: Kids Take on Gender Stereotypes in Advertising
Authors: Gladkowski Jennifer
Published: March 2020

I’d tell him to make his own darn coffee!” one sixth grader quipped, in response to viewing a black-and-white Folgers coffee television ad from the 1960s. In it, a perky young wife serves her husband a cup of coffee with a chipper, “Your coffee, sir.” The husband, after taking a sip, grimaces and complains, “How can such a pretty wife make such bad coffee?” “I heard that!” pouts the wife, who then pays a visit to her older and wiser neighbor, Mrs. Olson, who introduces her to Folgers “mountain grown coffee.” Now armed with the Folgers, the wife tries again, serving her husband with another obedient, “Your coffee, sir.” The husband sips, this time exclaiming, “How can such a pretty wife make such great coffee?!”
From Parent to Patron: Stressing Early Literacy to New Parents
Authors: Hoenig Leah
Published: March 2020

Don’t look now, but you may be overlooking one of your very best new audiences to the library—new parents are a valuable resource.Not only will you be able to hook a whole family of future patrons into “librarying,” you’ll also catch them when they are at their most suggestible. An abundance of anecdotal evidence confirms that new parents (new mothers especially) are particularly voracious consumers of information about their precious bumps and bundles (note the bestselling tendencies of various pregnancy books).