bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iterative Development of a Mobile Phone App to Support Community Health Volunteers During Cervical Cancer Screening in Western Kenya: Qualitative Study
Authors: Stocks Jacob , Choi Yujung , Ibrahim Saduma , Huchko Megan
Published: December 2021

Background

To achieve the World Health Organization targets for cervical cancer elimination, low- and middle-income countries will need to develop innovative strategies to provide human papillomavirus (HPV)–based screening at a population level. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions may help realize these goals by filling gaps in electronic specimen tracking and patient education, effective implementation of mHealth interventions is dependent upon context-specific development that is acceptable and usable by the target population. Detailed feedback should be gathered at the design and development stages to yield final products that reflect the needs, desires, and capabilities of target users.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop an mHealth app (mSaada) to support HPV-based screening in partnership with community health volunteers (CHVs) and program planners in western Kenya.

Methods

A team of student programmers developed a prototype to meet previously identified gaps in screening: patient education, protocol support, data capture, and specimen tracking. The prototype was iteratively developed through 2 waves of in-person working sessions with quantitative (survey) and qualitative (in-depth interview) feedback. Research staff engaged key stakeholders from both urban and rural locations and with varying levels of experience in delivering screening services. During the sessions, participants completed simulation exercises and role-play activities to become familiar with the platform. Once feedback was gathered and synthesized after each wave of in-person data collection, developers implemented changes to improve mSaada functionality.

Results

A total of 18 CHVs and clinicians participated in the in-person sessions. Participants found mSaada useful, easy to use, and would meet the needs of CHVs to provide HPV-based cervical cancer screening (electronic data capture, client education resources, and specimen tracking). They provided key feedback to enhance user experience, workflow, and sustainability. Key changes included altering the appearance of the wireframes, adding translation in additional local languages, changing potentially insensitive figures, alphabetizing lengthy dropdown menus, adding clinically relevant logic checks when entering data, and incorporating the ability to make real time edits to client records. They also made recommendations for additional features that might enhance mSaada’s impact at the facility and health system levels, specifically the inclusion of a report-generating tool consistent with the Ministry of Health standards.

Conclusions

Using a process of iterative feedback with key stakeholders and rapid response from developers, we have developed a mobile app ready for pilot testing in HPV-based screening programs led by CHVs.
Examining Twitter Discourse on Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Consumption During National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018: Topic Modeling and Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Lee Edmund W J
Published: December 2021

Background

Examining public perception of tobacco products is critical for effective tobacco policy making and public education outreach. While the link between traditional tobacco products and lung cancer is well established, it is not known how the public perceives the association between electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and lung cancer. In addition, it is unclear how members of the public interact with official messages during cancer campaigns on tobacco consumption and lung cancer.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to analyze e-cigarette and smoking tweets in the context of lung cancer during National Cancer Prevention Month in 2018 and examine how e-cigarette and traditional tobacco product discussions relate to implementation of tobacco control policies across different states in the United States.

Methods

We mined tweets that contained the term “lung cancer” on Twitter from February to March 2018. The data set contained 13,946 publicly available tweets that occurred during National Cancer Prevention Month (February 2018), and 10,153 tweets that occurred during March 2018. E-cigarette–related and smoking-related tweets were retrieved, using topic modeling and geospatial analysis.

Results

Debates on harmfulness (454/915, 49.7%), personal experiences (316/915, 34.5%), and e-cigarette risks (145/915, 15.8%) were the major themes of e-cigarette tweets related to lung cancer. Policy discussions (2251/3870, 58.1%), smoking risks (843/3870, 21.8%), and personal experiences (776/3870, 20.1%) were the major themes of smoking tweets related to lung cancer. Geospatial analysis showed that discussion on e-cigarette risks was positively correlated with the number of state-level smoke-free policies enacted for e-cigarettes. In particular, the number of indoor and on campus smoke-free policies was related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (smoke-free indoor, r49=0.33, P=.02; smoke-free campus, r49=0.32, P=.02). The total number of e-cigarette policies was also positively related to the number of tweets on e-cigarette risks (r49=0.32, P=.02). In contrast, the number of smoking policies was not significantly associated with any of the smoking themes in the lung cancer discourse (P>.13).

Conclusions

Though people recognized the importance of traditional tobacco control policies in reducing lung cancer incidences, their views on e-cigarette risks were divided, and discussions on the importance of e-cigarette policy control were missing from public discourse. Findings suggest the need for health organizations to continuously engage the public in discussions on the potential health risks of e-cigarettes and raise awareness of the insidious lobbying efforts from the tobacco industry.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Ecological Momentary Assessment With Young Adults Who Are Currently or Were Formerly Homeless: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Semborski Sara , Henwood Benjamin , Redline Brian , Dzubur Eldin , Mason Tyler , Intille Stephen
Published: December 2021

Background

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used with young people experiencing homelessness to gather information on contexts associated with homelessness and risk behavior in real time and has proven feasible in this population. However, the extent to which EMA may affect the attitudes or behaviors of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and are residing in supportive housing has not been well investigated.

Objective

This study aims to describe the feedback regarding EMA study participation from young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless and examine the reactivity to EMA participation and compliance.

Methods

This mixed methods study used cross-sectional data collected before and after EMA, intensive longitudinal data from a 7-day EMA prompting period, and focus groups of young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless in Los Angeles, California, between 2017 and 2019.

Results

Qualitative data confirmed the quantitative findings. Differences in the experience of EMA between young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless were found to be related to stress or anxiety, interference with daily life, difficulty charging, behavior change, and honesty in responses. Anxiety and depression symptomatology decreased from before to after EMA; however, compliance was not significantly associated with this decrease.

Conclusions

The results point to special considerations when administering EMA to young adults who are currently or were formerly homeless. EMA appears to be slightly more burdensome for young adults who are currently homeless than for those residing in supportive housing, which are nuances to consider in the study design. The lack of a relationship between study compliance and symptomatology suggests low levels of reactivity.
Innovation Centers in Health Care Delivery Systems: Structures for Success
Authors: Bhattacharyya Onil , Shapiro Justin , Schneider Eric C
Published: December 2021

The need to support innovation in health care delivery was prompted by payment reforms and access to digital tools and has been accelerated by the shift to virtual care as part of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Prior to the pandemic, a growing number of health systems set up innovation centers to focus on creating new services and exploring new business models relevant to value-based care. This is distinct from process improvement or implementation science, and often needs a different set of incentives to succeed within a large organization. We used a national survey to identify a diverse sample of innovation centers, and interviewed leaders to describe their aims, organizational structures, and activities. They all aim to improve patient outcomes and experience while reducing costs, but their strategic focus may differ. The centers also vary in their reporting structure, how they build internal capacity, and how they measure success. We highlight the range of strategies through examples of projects that improve quality, reduce costs, and generate new revenue. While the optimal forms and impact of innovation centers are still emerging, the fiscal pressures and the rapid uptake of digital technologies present opportunities for the redesign of health services in the postpandemic era. The experiences of these centers illustrate a set of approaches to increase any organization’s capacity for innovation.
Assistive Robots for Patients with ALS: An Exploratory Study with an Early Stage Demonstrator (Preprint)
Authors: Klebbe Robert , Scherzinger Stefan , Eicher Cornelia
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Although robotic manipulators have great potential in promoting motor independence of people with motor impairments, only few systems are currently commercially available. In addition to technical, economic and normative barriers, a key challenge for their diffusion is the current lack of evidence regarding usefulness, acceptance and user-specific requirements.

OBJECTIVE

Against this background, a semi-autonomous robot system was developed in the R&D project ROBINA to support people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in various everyday activities.

METHODS

The developed early stage demonstrator was evaluated in a task-based laboratory study with eleven ALS patients. Based on a mixed-methods design consisting of standardized questionnaires, observation protocols, and semi-structured interviews, participants were asked about usability, acceptance, and design requirements.

RESULTS

The majority of the participants considered the system provide relevant support within the test scenarios and perceived it as easy to use. Technical requirements consisted in precise object manipulation, reliable autonomous robot actions, and an intuitive GUI. In addition, the adaptability of the system to the abilities and disease-related limitations of the users, as well as a higher degree of intervention in the control and autonomous robot actions, was highlighted. Finally, the need for a holistic concept of robotic assistance in order to adequately address user-specific needs, was emphasized.

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, it can be stated that robotic manipulators can contribute to the compensation of motor impairments and increase both the autonomy and the psychological well-being of those affected. In this context, further opportunities to relieve the burden on the care network can be expected, especially regarding repetitive actions.

CLINICALTRIAL

The study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00016554).
Evaluating User Feedback for an Artificial Intelligence–Enabled, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Mental Health App (Wysa): Qualitative Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Malik Tanya , Ambrose Adrian Jacques , Sinha Chaitali
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Digital mental health apps are rapidly becoming a common source of accessible support across the world, but their effectiveness is often influenced by limited helpfulness and engagement.

OBJECTIVE

This study’s primary objective was to analyze feedback content to understand users’ experiences with engaging with a digital mental health app. As a secondary objective, an exploratory analysis captured the types of mental health app users.

METHODS

This study utilized a user-led approach to understanding factors for engagement and helpfulness in digital mental health by analyzing feedback (n=7929) reported on Google Play Store about Wysa, a mental health app (1-year period). The analysis of keywords in the user feedback categorized and evaluated the reported user experience into the core domains of acceptability, usability, usefulness, and integration. The study also captured key deficits and strengths of the app and explored salient characteristics of the types of users who benefit from accessible digital mental health support.

RESULTS

The analysis of user feedback found the app to be overwhelmingly positively reviewed (6700/7929, 84.50% 5-star rating). The themes of engaging exercises, interactive interface, and artificial intelligence (AI) conversational ability indicated the acceptability of the app, while the nonjudgmentality and ease of conversation highlighted its usability. The app’s usefulness was portrayed by themes such as improvement in mental health, convenient access, and cognitive restructuring exercises. Themes of privacy and confidentiality underscored users’ preference for the integrated aspects of the app. Further analysis revealed 4 predominant types of individuals who shared app feedback on the store.

CONCLUSIONS

Users reported therapeutic elements of a comfortable, safe, and supportive environment through using the digital mental health app. Digital mental health apps may expand mental health access to those unable to access traditional forms of mental health support and treatments.
Menakar Hubungan Organisasi dan Publik di Media Baru (Analisis Isi Corporate Tweets Industri Perbankan, Otomotif, dan Telekomunikasi)
Authors: Tania Syaifa
Published: December 2021

Popularitas penggunaan media sosial baik di kalangan masyarakat maupun pelaku industri telah membawa warna baru dalam dinamika praktik komunikasi antara organisasi dan publik. Proses komunikasi yang bersifat egaliter, langsung, dan dialogis mendorong lahirnya optimisme sebagian kalangan yang meyakini bahwa media sosial mampu mewujudkan hubungan yang setara dan harmonis antara organisasi dan publik. Meskipun demikian, premis tersebut merupakan gagasan yang utopis. Penelitian ini berupaya menakar hubungan organisasi dan publik yang tercermin melalui diskusi dalam corporate tweet akun Twitter perusahaan di bidang industri telekomunikasi, otomotif, dan perbankan sepanjang periode 21 Juli-3 Agustus 2014. Periode tersebut merupakan rentang dengan tingkat interaksi tertinggi di akun corporate Twitter organisasi. Hasil penelitian mengonfirmasi utopi atas gagasan di atas. Aktualisasi praktik online public relations yang diyakini mampu memfasilitasi ruang dialogis antara organisasi dan publik di media sosial tidak terwujud. Hubungan antara organisasi dan publik tidak setara dan cenderung bersifat transaksional. Secara umum, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media baru tidak mengubah cara organisasi berkomunikasi dengan publik.
Transportation Imagery Model dalam Studi Persuasi Narasi
Authors: Wijayanti Sri
Published: December 2021

Sebagai sebuah teori persuasi, Transportation Imagery Model (TIM) dari Green dan Brock selama ini dominan digunakan dalam studi persuasi narasi menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian eksperimen. Tulisan ini hendak menjelaskan pengembangan teori TIM secara teoritis maupun metodologis. Secara teoritis, teori TIM dengan konsep transportasi dikembangkan sebagai mediated relationships dalam studi persuasi narasi dan kajian media. Sementara, dari sisi terobosan isu metodologi, pendekatan analisis fenomenologi interpretatif dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan baru dalam studi transportasi narasi dengan teori TIM.
Informasi Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah di Media Online
Authors: Sholikhah Nur Imroatus
Published: December 2021

Digital era is characterized by a rapid growing information, one of them is online media. Despite many criticisms regarding journalistic ethic and the value of its news, online media is still considered as a trustworthy information resources compared to other means which are unattached to journalistic ethic. The need of people towards information from online media, especially associated with public local information, one of them is the local government performance (Pemda). This study focuses on potential of online media as a reliable information resource of government accomplishment by identifying a consistent content about local government presenting in the news, how to connect one information to another and build public knowledge towards local government implementation. The method of study using quantitative analysis and data retrieval by machine extraction – Data Intelligence Media Management (IMA). The result demonstrates that there are two kinds of information presented by online media which are regional information performance and facts concerning government performance, through OPD information and government officials. Information on regional performance has greater exposure rather than information on government performance; tends to be dominated by crisis and performance information related to the interests of non-local governments. Meanwhile, government information tends to be dominated by the performance of regional heads compared to other local government officials. On the other side, the focus of OPD performance information tends to follow regional news trends. This trend is largely due to indicators of the dissemination of information on local government performance through information dissemination strategies.
Waiting Time for Second Kidney Transplantation and Mortality
Authors: Kainz Alexander , Kammer Michael , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Strohmaier Susanne , Petr Vojtěch , Viklicky Ondrej , Abramowicz Daniel , Naik Marcel , Mayer Gert , Oberbauer Rainer
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

The median kidney transplant half-life is 10–15 years. Because of the scarcity of donor organs and immunologic sensitization of candidates for retransplantation, there is a need for quantitative information on if and when a second transplantation is no longer associated with a lower risk of mortality compared with waitlisted patients treated by dialysis. Therefore, we investigated the association of time on waiting list with patient survival in patients who received a second transplantation versus remaining on the waiting list.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this retrospective study using target trial emulation, we analyzed data of 2346 patients from the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry and Eurotransplant with a failed first graft, aged over 18 years, and waitlisted for a second kidney transplantation in Austria during the years 1980–2019. The differences in restricted mean survival time and hazard ratios for all-cause mortality comparing the treatment strategies “retransplant” versus “remain waitlisted with maintenance dialysis” are reported for different waiting times after first graft loss.

Results

Second kidney transplantation showed a longer restricted mean survival time at 10 years of follow-up compared with remaining on the waiting list (5.8 life months gained; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 11.1). This survival difference was diminished in patients with longer waiting time after loss of the first allograft; restricted mean survival time differences at 10 years were 8.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 14.0) and 0.1 life months gained (95% confidence interval, −14.3 to 15.2) for patients with waiting time for retransplantation of <1 and 8 years, respectively.

Conclusions

Second kidney transplant is associated with patient survival compared with remaining waitlisted and treatment by dialysis, but the survival difference diminishes with longer waiting time.
La lucha por el liderazgo adecuado en las organizaciones de los movimientos sociales: reflexión colectiva y reglas como base para la autonomía
Authors:   Vienna University of Economics and Business, Simsa Ruth , Totter Marion ,   Vienna University of Economics and Business
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes how leadership is practiced in social movement organizations (OMS). Drawing on Critical Leadership Studies, and based on qualitative empirical research conducted in the organizations of the Spanish 15M protest movement, we analyze leadership perceptions, tensions and practices in dealing with these challenges. Our findings indicate that leadership practices in the investigated OMSs are autonomous, reflective and rule-based. Emphasizing collective reflection and rules highlights two aspects of leadership in OMSs that have been largely ignored in the discourses. Nevertheless, they turn out to be important means to address the challenges of autonomous leadership.
Bipolaridad de las políticas de movilidad del Valle de Aburrá: análisis desde los instrumentos de gestión de la demanda implementados entre 1999 y 2019
Authors:   Universidad Externado de Colombia, Jaramillo Viviana Tobón
Published: December 2021

Medellín and the Aburrá Valley are internationally recognized for their capacity to design bold projects regarding transportation and sustainability. However, the city's mobility dynamics show a different reality: the number of vehicles has grown steadily over the last 20 years. The metropolitan inhabitants spend 44% more time mobilizing in the city than 12 years ago and air quality has become the main challenge on the city's environmental agenda. The purpose of this article is to understand, from the analysis of public policies, the reasons why no progress has been made in the implementation of policies that effectively discourage the use of private vehicles in the Aburrá Valley. Through the analysis of the demand management instruments enforced between 1999 and 2019, it is concluded that mobility policies produce contradictory effects with each other: they systematically avoid the restriction and disincentives to the use of automobiles and motorcycles and focusing predominantly on the expansion of road infrastructure. At the same time, they undertake actions, to a lesser extent, to stimulate the use of other means of transportation.
Effect of Reinforcement on Properties of Silty Sand
Authors: Sireesha Dr. G.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The variation of the stress-strain behavior and shear -parameters of reinforced silty sand is studied. The geotextiles were provided at different heights in the sample and tested in unconsolidated undrained condition. Two types of geotextiles, woven and nonwoven were used as reinforcement and the experiment was conducted at three water contents. Tests were performed on samples prepared at OMC, dry of OMC and wet of OMC in order to study the effect of water content. The results demonstrated that geotextile inclusion increases the peak strength, axial strain at failure. The sample was found to fail due to bulging between the layers. Keywords: Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, Unconsolidated Undrained, Deviator Stress, Normal Stress
Sistem Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) DKI Jakarta: Studi Kasus Transfer Kebijakan Pendapatan Non-Farebox di Indonesia
Authors: Nurnadhifa Halifa , Latifah Hafizhah Nur
Published: December 2021

Transfer kebijakan merupakan proses peminjaman kebijakan dari negara lain yang telah berhasil mengimplementasikan gagasan tersebut di negara asalnya. Setidaknya terdapat empat hal yang perlu diketahui dalam transfer kebijakan, yaitu bentuk, proses pembelajaran, hambatan di dalamnya, serta kesalahan dalam transfer kebijakan. Tulisan ini akan membedah lebih lanjut mengenai transfer kebijakan MRT Jakarta ditinjau dari ketiga aspek serta melihat sejauh mana transfer kebijakan tersebut telah dilaksanakan. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa transfer kebijakan MRT Jakarta sendiri sudah terlaksana dengan baik, meskipun pada pelaksanaannya masih terdapat beberapa hambatan dan kesalahan dalam proses pembelajaran kebijakan. Untuk itu, diperlukan beberapa koreksi yang harus dilakukan untuk membuat kebijakan tersebut berkembang.
English Case report: Succesfully Management of Critical Pulmonary Stenosis in a 12-Month-Old Boy By percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty
Authors: Koentartiwi Dyahris
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) is used in infants born with very severe narrowing valves and requires treatment soon after birth. At four months old, an A-12-month-old boy was diagnosed with critical pulmonary stenosis but still successfully managed by percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) with satisfactory results without serious complications. Since he was born, cyanosis was seen at his lips and fingertip, with oxygen saturation around 60% until 70%. Echocardiography showed critical pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect (ASD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is accepted as the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary valve stenosis in many centers worldwide with significant results. After PTBV, he experienced improvement condition as no cyanosis was observed and oxygen saturation was 96%. This case was our first PTBV intervention case in our hospital and gave satisfactory results, although the intervention was delayed due to our limited resources before.

Keywords: cyanosis, critical pulmonary stenosis, percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty
Дачное строительство в СССР в 1930-е годы на примере «Городка писателей» в Переделкине
Authors: Старостенко Юлия
Published: December 2021

В статье на основе архивных документов, выявленных в фондах ГАРФ (Государственный архив Российский Федера­ции), РГАЛИ (Российский государственный архив литературы и искусства) и ЦГАМ0 (Центральный государственный архив Московской области), предпринята попытка реконструировать историю появления одного из самых известных дачных посёлков СССР 1930-х годов - «Городка писателей» в Переделкине. Особое внимание в статье уделено детальному восстановлению событий, связанных с разработкой проектной документации и ходом стро­ительства «городка», а также получением финансирования на осуществление всех этих работ. Иными словами, тем процессам, которые редко попадают в поле зрения специалистов, но без­условно важны для изучения истории архитектуры, поскольку позволяют с качественно иных позиций анализировать иссле­дуемый объект. Разрозненные архивные материалы, многие из которых вводятся в научный оборот впервые, позволили также установить авторство дачных домов, архитектура которых до сих пор является «визитной карточкой» Переделкина. Несмотря на довольно специфический характер дошедших до настоящего времени документов, связанных с реализацией замысла «Го­родка писателей» (преимущественно это результаты различных проверок строительства), материалы статьи дают уникальную возможность понять, как родилась необычная архитектура дач в Переделкине, почему, несмотря на разработку типовых про­ектов, в «городке» изначально не было абсолютно одинаковых построек и какую роль в этом сыграли заказчики строительства - советские писатели. Кроме того, в статье поднимается тема взаимоотношения власти и творческой интеллигенции, очень важная для осмысления эпохи 1930-х годов[1].

 

[1] Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследо­ваний Минстроя России и РААСН.
Университет и город. Очерк эволюции связи университетской институции с городской средой. Часть 1. Мировой опыт
Authors: Кулешова Галина
Published: December 2021

В стране поставлена задача реализации программы стро­ительства межуниверситетских кампусов — важных ресурсов развития как образовательного комплекса, так и городской среды региональной столицы. В статье прослежена эволюция развития университетов, их влияние на города размещения, характеристики университетских кампусов за рубежом. Ос­вещены вопросы современного состояния университетской инфраструктуры, размещение новых кампусов в составе городских территорий.
Professional journalistic speech in the media environment
Authors: Konkov Vladimir I. , Solomkina Tatiana A.
Published: December 2021

The research deals with one of the most important topics in the field of studying Russian as a foreign language - the diversity of the Russian language media environment. The purpose of the study is to determine its status in Russian-speaking media environment professional journalistic speech, that is its communicative status. The work analyses Russian-language publications of the traditional print press, radio, television, and materials presented in the communicative environment of the Internet: sites of various publishing houses, publics on social networks, blogs, etc. The paper is based on descriptive and comparative analysis. For the first time the content of the concept professional journalistic speech is revealed in the linguistic aspect. The main feature defining the ontology of media speech is the utility - direct involvement in general social life. Media text in its existence is always associated with the time of its publication, has specific coordinates of the social space-time, is created for here and for now. It is this feature of media speech that determines all its lexical and grammatical parameters. The media environment is presented as a space for everyday social communication. It is accompanied by the communicative space of everyday interpersonal communication - conversational speech. The latter thanks to Internet communication technologies actively invades the media speech space. Media speech actively interacts with colloquial speech. The research has shown that professional journalistic speech has always been a systemic element of the media environment, which manifests itself in a wide variety of forms. Numerous private enterprises are adapting professional journalistic speech products to their needs. The media communication environment is open, and in its borders, the printed form of colloquial speech is emerging. The space of non-professional media speech is also emerging - certain types of blogs, news feed Yandex-Zen. In the media sphere, the share of oral speech is constantly increasing. Because of the general trend towards personalization of the general information and analytical stream, the volume of author broadcasting increases. In this situation professional oral journalism requires special attention in the aspect of its non-verbal components of communication. Specialization in author broadcasting needs the technology of teaching Russian oral speech with increased attention to non-verbal components that have a pronounced national identity. The research prospects are primarily associated with dynamically developing local Russian-language speech media systems as verbal and polycode, as their composition is constantly being updated.
Tracing the Sources of V.G. Tiesen­hausen in the Arabic Volume on the History of the Golden Horde
Authors:   Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, IRCICA, Muminov Ashirbek , Uygur Selahaddin ,   Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, IRCICA, Bulut Veysal ,   Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, IRCICA
Published: December 2021

Research objective and materials: This article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the work carried out on the sources used by Vladimir Tiesenhausen in the compiling the Arabic volume of the “Collection of Materials Relating to the History of the Golden Horde”. Results and novelty of the research: A comparative study of texts extracted by Vladimir G. Tiesenhausen in 1884, with their new editions, presented the following picture: one group of publications represents academic editions with quality translations, accompanied by professionally executed commentaries. Another part of the sources was published based on one part of existing copies. As practice shows, sometimes the older and complete copies of published works remained out of coverage in such publications; their existing editions are not taken into account. The third group of sources is composed of works that remain in manuscript form to the present day. One such work – “al-‘Aylam al-zakhir fi akhbar al-awa’il wa-l-awakhir” by Mustafa ibn Hasan al-Janabi – exists in numerous copies. Searches and the discovery of its copies in Turkish funds show such source studies’ problems as incomplete cataloging of manuscript collections, unprofessional descriptions by compilers of some catalogues, inconsistency in the provided titles of the works and the names of their authors. The autograph (Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi, Yeni Cami, no. 831) and two full texts (Köprülü Kütüphanesi, Fazıl Ahmet Paşa, nos. 1031, 1032) are of great value in the publication of “al-‘Aylam al-zakhir”. The result is the formation of a creative portrait for the author of a published work and the creation of a complete image for his work on the basis of its copies. This may ensure against potential errors.
A Modern Domestic View of the “Black Death” and Major Epidemic Outbreaks of the Plague in the Historical Past
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Khaydarov Timur F.
Published: December 2021

Research objectives: To analyze the main research trends of the last thirty years in the national historiography on the topic of the Black Death and major epidemic outbreaks of plague in the historical past. Research materials: The historiographic analysis was conducted based on both original domestic studies of the topic and those written in co-authorship with Western colleagues. To outline the main theoretical base of the topic, the author used major works on the historical theory, demography, climatology, paleogenetics, and phylogenetics of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. Results and novelty of the research: The analysis showed that until the 1980s, the views of Russian historians on the epidemics of the historical past were based on the study of a major German epidemiologist in the second half of nineteenth century, H. Häser. At the same time, the main directions in the research of domestic historians on the topic were developed within the framework of an order from domestic biologists and epidemiologists. This situation began to change when, in the 1980s, Russian historical research took a course towards geographical determinism. From the second half of the 1990s to the 2000s, in connection with the publications of the American Turkologist U. Schamiloglu and French historians, new topics in the field of anthropology, cultural studies, and historical demography began to be addressed in the research of domestic authors. At the same time, all theoretical considerations continued to be formed within the framework of the Marxist theory of the “crisis of the Middle Ages”. Therefore, the “Black Death” was considered exclusively as a concomitant theme attached to the main events. Only in the 2010s, in the light of the growth of joint research with Western specialists in the field of archaeology, paleogenetics, and climatology was it possible to start moving towards the development of a new theoretical and methodological basis for research on the topic in Russian historiography. The result of this process was the publication of new studies which are likely to determine the predominant course of scientific research in the field of historical epidemiology in Russia in the coming years.
“Hand Drawn Portolan of the Caspian Sea of 1519” by Vesconte Maggiolo: A Source of Historical Geography for the Caspian Region
Authors:   Daghestan nonprofit foundation “Historical Park ‘Russia – My History’”, Idrisov Yusup M. , Khanmurzaev Ismail I. ,   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Research objectives: To conduct a detailed comparative analysis of the toponymic source known as “Hand Drawn Portolan of the Caspian Sea (1519)” by Vesconte Maggiolo, and ascertain the range and chronology of its sources. Research materials: At the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, there were a few navigational maps – portolan charts – created in Italy which contained rather precise outlines of the coastline of the Caspian Sea. The present Portolan excels all earlier items in terms of precision of the depicted topographical realities of the region. The quality of the map we are examining was surpassed only in the seventeenth century after Peter I’s hydrographic expeditions. The high level of shoreline’s precision also strongly suggests that the map was based on authentic topographic input. Maggiolo’s map contains 136 geographical names. Results and novelty of the research: For the first time ever in domestic scholarship, we conducted a comparative historical analysis of the hand drawn portolan chart of the Caspian Sea. We also proved the correlation of some toponyms of the West Caspian region with the Timurid and local sources that covered the military campaigns of Amir Timur in the region. In our view, the “Hand Drawn Portolan Chart of the Caspian Sea (1519)” created by Vesconte Maggiolo is one of the most notable among similar works. It finds many common features with the portolan from the island of Lesina, but also contains some common elements with the Mallorca cartographic school and Fra Mauro, Egerton MS 73, and Egerton MS 2083. This research allows us to extend and systematize our understanding of Italian cartography in relation to the Caspian region. It also details or adds some facts about the presence of Europeans in this region during the Golden Horde era. Based on this topographic and toponymic analysis, we furthermore come to a conclusion that the portolan in question is derived from a protograph created in the first half of fifteenth century, reflecting the realities of the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
The Crimea Question in “Western” Projects, Political Treatises, and Correspondence from the mid-sixteenth century to 1783
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Khrapunov Nikita I.
Published: December 2021

Research objective: This paper aims at the revealing and analysing various documents, created in different countries of Europe prior to 1783, which suggested the change of the Crimea’s status and its accession to Russia, and the determination of interactions of these sources and general trends and principles behind discussions of the “Crimea question” in Russian and foreign public opinion. Research materials: This research addresses a large body of sources, created in Russia and the West from the sixteenth to eighteenth century, discussing the future of the Crimea – political treatises, memoranda, historical works, and correspondence. Research novelty and results: For the first time in the scholarship, the whole array of available sources on the planned accession of the Crimea to Russia has been analysed. It has been discovered that there were periods when the “Crimea question” was disputed in the West far more widely than in Russia. This “discussion” continued with the participation of very different authors, including the leading minds of the public discourse such as Voltaire or Francesco Algarotti. The attempts of the western intellectuals to influence the Russian government’s decisions have been demonstrated. Therefore, the accession of the Crimea is a product of not only “Russian imperialism”, as it is often suggested, but to a certain extent also of the Western Europe’s public mindset. Obviously, such a development was considered quite admissible in the West, and many authors viewed it positively both for international relations and for the internal perspectives of the region. The given article has exposed the dynamics in these arguments, with initial counter-Muslim rhetoric underlining the existential opposition of Christianity and Islam and the need for “returning” lands which had formerly belonged to Europe. When the Enlightenment era started, the further reason of Europe’s civilizing mission appeared. This mission was thought to be impeded in the Black Sea by the “backward” Islamic society. In Russia, the discussion of the future of the Crimea became topical in the second and third quarter of the eighteenth century, probably when the elite realized that the conquest of the peninsula had now become a reality.
“The Development of the Ideas of Scholars of Previous Generations Will Be the Best Monument for Them”: In Memory of Leonid Teodorovich Yablonsky (1950–2016)
Authors:   Mari State University, Zeleneev Yuri A. , Izmailov Iskander L. ,   Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Nedashkovsky Leonard F. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: December 2021

Research objectives: To consider the creative path and main views of L.T. Yablonsky, as well as his influence on ideas about the ethnic history of the Golden Horde population and theoretical problems of ethnogenesis. Research materials: The authors of the article were based on numerous publications by L.T. Yablonsky, as well as personal impressions from meetings with the researcher on expeditions and at academic conferences. Results and novelty of the research: The authors consider the formation of L.T. Yablonsky as a unique specialist who combined archaeological training and professional study of physical anthropology. This allowed him to draw important conclusions about the formation of the Golden Horde population. Later, he resorted to this method to study the early nomads of the Aral Sea region and the South Urals. His works became an event in the research field, since they positively differed from others not only by an interdisciplinary approach to the problem under study – at the junction of archaeology and ethnogenetics – but also by the wide use of anthropological materials. Prior to these works, all information about the population of the Jochid ulus was fragmentary and unsystematic, and he was the very researcher who first connected the data of paleoanthropology and the analysis of the burial rite in medieval burial grounds. He proved the fact that the Golden Horde population consisted of mixed population groups, and identified those population groups that, in his opinion, came from Central Asia. L.T. Yablonsky attached great importance to the methodology of research on ethnogenesis and ethnic history. He advocated an integrated scientific approach to their study and emphasized the huge role of paleoanthropology and archaeology in solving ethnogenetic problems. In his opinion, the rapid divergence of various scientific disciplines – ethnology, archaeology, physical anthropology, and genetics – was the main problem that hindered the development of scientific ethnogenetic research. L.T. Yablonsky, therefore, believed that expanding comprehensive research would help solve this problem.
Social changes in the society in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   the Pacific National University, Gareeva I. A.
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of the current situation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience of pandemic is analyzed from sociological perspective in assessments and attitudes, behavioral models, and public opinion about social phenomena and processes in a COVID-19 situation. In the theoretical and methodological terms, the author relies on the theory of social change by P. Shtompka, theoretical concept of “community of fate” by M. Weber and social theory in the global environment Sklair (2013). In the empirical aspect, the author resorts to the analysis of data from sociological polls of public opinion. The article uses the results of sociological research at the all-Russian level. The article analyzes a number of interrelated aspects of pandemic situation, such as: pandemic as epidemiological phenomenon associated with the emergence and spread of a new coronavirus; as a medical phenomenon associated with the medical and anti-epidemic measures to combat coronavirus; as a socio-political phenomenon associated with the decisions and measures of the authorities at all levels; as a socio-economic phenomenon caused by changes in behavior, attitudes, life scenarios of the population and associated with the restrictive measures that caused the recession of both national and world economies; as a cultural phenomenon, the essence of which is to change every day, customary practices and the emergence of new ones that were previously absent or not in demand; - as an existential phenomenon - the acquisition of mass experience associated with the disease and its consequences, worries about loved ones, the experience of loss. The goal is, on the basis of comprehensive analysis, to identify the main social trends in the development of public relations in the context of pandemic and existing restrictive measures, to identify negative factors acting as destabilizing ones. The research objectives included the following: describe the contours of social changes occurring under the influence of the pandemic; analyze the reaction of citizens to the situation of pandemic, as well as to the anti-epidemic measures taken by the governments; investigate the problem of influence of spread of the virus on the social structure of the society. It is concluded that the modern COVID situation, which has already been called the «black swan», is a difficultly predictable phenomenon. The ongoing social changes are obvious, and the adaptation process is developing unevenly. An analysis of sociological surveys conducted among the population shows that there is a tendency towards the normalization of everyday life, however, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new social reality is being formed, for which humanity is not yet ready.
Management for “human education” and its implementation in teachers’ training in the humanistic paradigm
Authors:   Herzen University, Kozhevnikova Margarita
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is to clarify the current problems of education in terms of education management and to work out the ways of solving them within the framework of the humanistic paradigm, that is, “management for human education”, presenting these solutions as implementing the required model of teachers’ training. Methodology. The author implements the approaches of education anthropology, the basis for which was provided by monitoring in action, textual records and research letters, as well as general philosophical methods. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the anthropological view of the education problems, including the sphere of management. The perspective of the modern situation under study, that is, the neoliberal and managerial context add to the degree of scientific novelty. Results. Different conceptions of education management are revealed and the corresponding management models are considered, the difference of which is explained by opposing the humanistic and managerial paradigms. In a number of problems of education management, beyond the usual ones that appear for the collectives of educational organizations, it became obvious that new problems have emerged due to introducing “new management”, which has a noticeable impact on the goals and values themselves, distorting “human education”. As a response required from management to the needs of education in line with the humanistic paradigm, a “synergetic model of management” and “democratic management of education” are proposed. Conclusions. On the basis of analyzing the problems and education management models required for education, the author draws conclusions for teachers’ training: highlights the ideas that make up its guidelines, and outlines possible approaches to the content and methods of teaching education managers and teachers in line with the model “Creative, autonomous, reflective teacher” corresponding to the humanistic paradigm.