bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphometric analysis of the masseter muscle post unilateral lower molar exodonty: experimental study
Authors: Benigno M. , Amstalden E. , Liberti E. , Leal N. , Rodrigues K. , Mota V.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: To check the morphological changes of the masseter muscle after surgical extraction of inferior molar teeth. Methods: 24 Wistar rats had samples of their masseter muscles analysed in the Optical Microscope (OM). The rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: GI-15, GII-30, GII-60 days after surgical extraction of inferior molar teeth. Each group had 5 experimental and 3 normal control rats for OM observation. The OM allowed the morphometric study of the masseter muscle. The morphometric study was based on the measurement of the fiber's area by AXION-VISION software. ANOVA test was applied for data analysis. Results: No alteration was detected in all morphometric analysis of the masseter muscle. Conclusion: The masseter muscle adapts to the occlusal modiication caused by the extraction of the molar teeth during the analysed periods.
Could sugar intake initiate or aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver during aging? An integrative review
Authors: Teodoro A. , Nucci R. , Gama E. , Rodrigues G. , Machado-Lima A.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is part of the metabolic syndrome (MS) which is a clustering of risk factors that increase the incidence of cardiovascular events and diabetes mellitus (DM). The population aging process brings with it higher prevalence of MS. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased considerably, simultaneously with the expansion of MS, ranging from 15% to 25% in the general population. In Brazil, overweight plus obesity corresponds to 40% of the adult population and the prevalence found in the elderly age group reaches 81%. Thus, the carbohydrate intake has been identified as a key factor for the development of NAFLD. Objective: The purpose of this integrative review is to assess whether the sugar consumption by adults and elders may influence in the development and progression of NAFLD in individuals with or without metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: The integrative review search was performed on PubMed database during September 2015. The selection criteria was adults and elderly people; sugar intake, such as, glucose or fructose; liver fat or NAFLD. Our major outcome was the hepatic profile because it is related to the sugar intake. We excluded review papers and studies with animals, as well as papers that were not related to our selection criteria. Results: The studies analyzed the sugar intake on hepatic de novo lipogenesis or NAFLD. Conclusion: We conclude in the most of the articles sugar intake and NAFLD have a positive correlation. However further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism that sugars intake, mainly fructose, leads to NAFLD, or aggravating it.
Case studies of the impact of orbital sampling on stratospheric trend detection and derivation of tropical vertical velocities: solar occultation vs. limb emission sounding
Authors: Millán Luis F. , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Santee Michelle L. , Neu Jessica L. , Manney Gloria L. , Fuller Ryan A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study investigates the representativeness of two types of orbital sampling applied to stratospheric temperature and trace gas fields. Model fields are sampled using real sampling patterns from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The MLS sampling acts as a proxy for a dense uniform sampling pattern typical of limb emission sounders, while HALOE and ACE-FTS represent coarse nonuniform sampling patterns characteristic of solar occultation instruments. First, this study revisits the impact of sampling patterns in terms of the sampling bias, as previous studies have done. Then, it quantifies the impact of different sampling patterns on the estimation of trends and their associated detectability. In general, we find that coarse nonuniform sampling patterns may introduce non-negligible errors in the inferred magnitude of temperature and trace gas trends and necessitate considerably longer records for their definitive detection. Lastly, we explore the impact of these sampling patterns on tropical vertical velocities derived from stratospheric water vapor measurements. We find that coarse nonuniform sampling may lead to a biased depiction of the tropical vertical velocities and, hence, to a biased estimation of the impact of the mechanisms that modulate these velocities. These case studies suggest that dense uniform sampling such as that available from limb emission sounders provides much greater fidelity in detecting signals of stratospheric change (for example, fingerprints of greenhouse gas warming and stratospheric ozone recovery) than coarse nonuniform sampling such as that of solar occultation instruments.
A new time-independent formulation of fractional release
Authors: Ostermöller Jennifer , Bönisch Harald , Jöckel Patrick , Engel Andreas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The fractional release factor (FRF) gives information on the amount of a halocarbon that is released at some point in the stratosphere from its source form to the inorganic form, which can harm the ozone layer through catalytic reactions. The quantity is of major importance because it directly affects the calculation of the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). To apply FRF in this context, steady-state values are needed, thus representing a molecular property for a given atmospheric situation. In particular, these values should be independent of the tropospheric trends of the respective halogenated trace gases. We analyzed the temporal evolution of FRF from ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model simulations for several halocarbons and nitrous oxide between 1965–2011 on different mean age levels and found that the current formulation of FRF yields highly time-dependent values. We show that this is caused by the way that the tropospheric trend is handled in the current calculation method of FRF. Taking into account chemical loss in the calculation of stratospheric mixing ratios reduces the time-dependence in correlations of different tracers. Therefore we implemented a loss term in the formulation of FRF and applied the parameterization of a "mean arrival time" to our data set. We find that the time-dependence in FRF can almost be compensated by applying a new trend correction in the calculation of FRF. We suggest that this new method should be used to calculate time-independent FRF, which can then be used e.g. for the calculation of ODP.
On determining the Point of no Return in Climate Change
Authors: van Zalinge Brenda C. , Feng Qing Yi , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Earth's Global Mean Surface Temperature (GMST) has increased by about 1.0 °C over the period 1880–2015. One of the main causes is thought to be the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs). If GHG emissions are not substantially decreased, several studies indicate there will be a dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) with climate by the end of this century. However, there is no good quantitative measure to determine when it is "too late" to start reducing GHGs in order to avoid DAI. In this study, we develop a method for determining a so-called Point of No Return (PNR) for several GHG emission scenarios. The method is based on a combination of stochastic viability theory and uses linear response theory to estimate the probability density function of the GMST. The innovative element in this approach is the applicability to high-dimensional climate models as is demonstrated by results obtained with the PLASIM climate model.
Evaluating uncertainties in modelling the snow hydrology of the
Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Islam Siraj Ul , Déry Stephen J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This study evaluates predictive uncertainties in the snow hydrology of the Fraser River Basin (FRB) of British Columbia (BC), Canada, using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model forced with several high-resolution gridded climate datasets. These datasets include the Canadian Precipitation Analysis and the thin-plate smoothing splines (ANUSPLIN), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), University of Washington (UW) and Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium (PCIC) gridded products. Uncertainties are evaluated at different stages of the VIC implementation starting with the driving datasets, optimization of model parameters, and model calibration during cool and warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The inter-comparison of the forcing datasets (precipitation and air temperature) and their VIC simulations (snow water equivalent (SWE) and runoff) reveal widespread differences over the FRB especially in mountainous regions. The ANUSPLIN precipitation shows a considerable dry bias in the Rocky Mountains whereas the NARR winter air temperature is 2 °C warmer than the other datasets over most of the FRB. In the VIC simulations, the elevation-dependent changes in the maximum SWE (maxSWE) are more prominent at higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains where PCIC-VIC simulation accumulates too much SWE and ANUSPLIN-VIC yields an underestimation. Additionally, at each elevation range, the day of maxSWE varies 10 to 20 days between the VIC simulations. The snow melting season begins early in NARR-VIC simulation whereas PCIC-VIC simulation delays the melting indicating seasonal uncertainty in SWE simulations. When compared with the observed runoff for the Fraser River main stem at Hope, BC, the ANUSPLIN-VIC simulation shows considerable underestimation of runoff throughout the water year owing to reduced precipitation in the ANUSPLIN forcing dataset. The NARR-VIC simulation yields more winter and spring runoff and earlier decline of flows in summer due to a nearly 15-day earlier onset of the FRB springtime snowmelt. Analysis of the parametric uncertainty in the VIC calibration process shows that the choice of the initial parameter range plays a crucial role in defining the model hydrological response for the FRB. Furthermore, the VIC calibration process is biased toward cool and warm phases of the PDO and the choice of proper calibration and validation time periods is important for the experimental setup. Overall the VIC hydrological response is prominently influenced by the uncertainties involved in the forcing datasets rather than those in its parameters optimization and experimental setups.
Mid-crustal shear zone development under retrograde conditions: pressure–temperature–fluid constraints from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia
Authors: Diener Johann F. A. , Fagereng Åke , Thomas Sukey A. J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Kuckaus Mylonite Zone (KMZ) forms part of the larger Marshall Rocks–Pofadder shear zone system, a 550 km-long, crustal-scale strike-slip shear zone system that is localized in high-grade granitoid gneisses and migmatites of the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex. Shearing along the KMZ occurred ca. 40 Ma after peak granulite-facies metamorphism during a discrete tectonic event and affected the granulites that had remained at depth since peak metamorphism. Isolated lenses of metamafic rocks within the shear zone allow the P–T–fluid conditions under which shearing occurred to be quantified. These lenses consist of an unsheared core that preserves relict granulite-facies textures and is mantled by a schistose collar and mylonitic envelope that formed during shearing. All three metamafic textural varieties contain the same amphibolite-facies mineral assemblage, from which calculated pseudosections constrain the P–T conditions of deformation at 2.7–4.2 kbar and 450–480 °C, indicating that deformation occurred at mid-crustal depths through predominantly viscous flow. Calculated T–MH2O diagrams show that the mineral assemblages were fluid saturated and that lithologies within the KMZ must have been rehydrated from an external source and retrogressed during shearing. Given that the KMZ is localized in strongly dehydrated granulites, the fluid must have been derived from an external source, with fluid flow allowed by local dilation and increased permeability within the shear zone. The absence of pervasive hydrothermal fractures or precipitates indicates that, even though the KMZ was fluid bearing, the fluid/rock ratio and fluid pressure remained low. In addition, the fluid could not have contributed to shear zone initiation, as an existing zone of enhanced permeability is required for fluid infiltration. We propose that, following initiation, fluid infiltration caused a positive feedback that allowed weakening and continued strain localization. Therefore, the main contribution of the fluid was to produce retrograde mineral phases and facilitate grain-size reduction. Features such as tectonic tremor, which are observed on active faults under similar conditions as described here, may not require high fluid pressure, but could be explained by reaction weakening under hydrostatic fluid pressure conditions.
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Gender mismatches in partitive constructions with superlatives in French
Authors: Sleeman Petra , Ihsane Tabea
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the syntax of partitive constructions with superlatives in French and the realization of gender in constructions with an animate noun, and focuses on contexts that allow gender mismatches (la plus intelligente de mes gentils professeurs ‘the most intelligent of my kind professors’). We show that such mismatches are allowed in French superlative partitives that contain a default masculine noun. To account for the mismatches, we propose that the nouns involved have an unvalued gender feature that can be assigned a sex specification in the course of the derivation. For superlative partitives we propose that this specification takes place in a Gender Phrase in the outer DP. Furthermore, we show that quantified partitives (e.g. three of the books) behave differently from superlative partitives, a fact we try to explain in terms of ­structural differences. We distinguish between partitives with an of-complement and ­non-canonical partitives with an ‘among’-PP or a preposed ‘of’-phrase. We also claim that our data can provide further insight into the role of locality in semantic agreement: we compare superlative partitives to quantified partitives in terms of agreement, and suggest that the two types of partitives should be placed in different positions on an Agreement Hierarchy.
Negative sensitive items and the discourse-configurational nature of Japanese
Authors: Miyagawa Shigeru , Nishioka Nobuaki , Zeijlstra Hedde
Published: September 2016

We take up three Negative Sensitive Items (NSIs) in Japanese, Wh-MO plain negative indefinites, exceptive XP-sika, and certain minimizing indefinites, such as rokuna N (‘any decent N’). Although these three NSIs behave differently, we demonstrate that the two traditional NSI categories of Negative Concord Items (NCIs) and Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) are sufficient for characterizing these items.  We argue that Wh-MO and XP-sika are NCIs, thus they contain a neg feature ([uneg]) which enters into (upward) agreement with its corresponding an uninterpretable feature ([ineg]). The third NSI, rokuna N, is an NPI. Two issues arise with XP-sika. First, it has an inherent focus feature, which distinguishes it from the other two. Second, this focus feature is syntactically active – meaning that movement is forced – only for the argument XP-sika. We argue that these properties of XP-sika associated with focus are independent of NP-sika as an NSI, and should be dealt with as an overall property of Japanese being a discourse configurational language. We introduce a case-theoretic solution to how focus becomes syntactically active solely with argument XP-sika.
Herbage allowance effects on the characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures and the production and economic viability of Nellore heifersicas das pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e na produção e viabilidade econômica de novilhas Nelore
Authors: Dias Alexandre Menezes , Gomes Eva Nara Oliveira , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Aranha José Aparecido Moura , Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira , Nogueira Ériklis , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Junges Luciana
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three herbage allowances (5, 10, and 15 kg dry matter [DM] 100-1 of body weight [BW]) for Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures in a continuous grazing system on the morphological and nutritional characteristics of forage, animal performance, and economic viability in Nellore heifers. The total experimental area was 60 ha, divided into 12 paddocks of 5 ha each, with 4 paddocks per treatment. The experimental animals were Nellore heifers (260 in total), with average BW of 301.16 ± 9.12 kg, receiving 0.4 % BW in multiple supplements. We evaluated the production, structural characteristics, and nutritional value of the forage, productive performance, carcass characteristics, and economic viability of each allowance. There were significant effects for the production, st uctural characteristics, and nutritional value of the forage treatment. The proportions of leaves were 42.40, 38.20, and 30.88 % and the leaf:stem ratios were 1.22, 1.03, and 0.83 for the 5, 10, and 15 kg DM 100-1 BW herbage allowances, respectively. The average daily weight gain (mean 0.42, 0.75, and 0.63 kg daily-1) and stocking rate (3.35, 1.87, and 1.26 animal unit ha-1) had a significant effect for the 5, 10, and 15 kg DM 100-1 BW forage allowance, respectively. The herbage allowances were evaluated as being economically viable with a profit margin of 10.37, 23.65, and 14.43 % for the 5, 10, and 15 kg DM 100-1 BW allowances, respectively. The greatest pasture response was found in the 5 kg DM 100-1 BW allowance and was related to better nutritional values and morphological characteristics of the pasture and greater stoking rate and weight gain per area. The herbage allowance of 10 kg DM 100-1 BW be applied to obtain higher animal performance and better economic viability of heifers in B. brizantha cv. Marandu pastures in a continuous grazing method that are receiving protein-energy supplementation.
Qualitative feed restriction for late finishing pigs on meat quality and fatty acid profile
Authors: Silva Apauliana Daniela Lima da , Moreira José Aparecido , Oliveira Rafael Leandro Ramos de , Mota Lorena Cunha , Teixeira Elisanie Neiva Magalhães , Souza Janete Gouveia de , Aguiar Emerson Moreira de , Oliveira Rômulo Genuíno Pessoa de
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of including cashew bagasse bran (CBB) as a food ingredient in qualitative feed restriction programs on the carcass traits and meat quality of barrows and gilts. Twenty–four crossbred pigs (12 barrows and 12 gilts) were used, with an average initial body weight of 57.93 ± 3.67 kg/LW. The experimental design was a randomized block 3x2 factorial arrangement with three levels (0%, 15% and 30% CBB), two sexes (barrows and gilts) and four repetitions. The treatments were composed of the basal diet (BD) formulated with corn, soybean meal and a commercial base mix for finishing pigs, to which different levels of CBB were added. At the end of the trial period, the animals were slaughtered for the evaluation of the meat quality and carcass traits. The inclusion of CBB in the diets did not affect the carcass traits of the gilts but affected the carcass traits of the barrow positively, increasing theyield of meat in the chilled carcass and reducing the thickness of subcutaneous fat. In the longissimus dorsi muscle and in the adipose tissue of the pigs, the myristic (C14:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and arachidonic (C20:4) fatty acids were evaluated, and no effect was observed (P > 0.05) from the levels of CBB in the diets. In the comparisons between the sexes, a greater concentration of C20:4 fatty acid was observed in the carcass of the gilts. In this context, CBB was considered for use as a feed ingredient in programs of qualitative feed restriction for finishing pigs.
Feeding behavior of dairy cows fed different levels of castor meal in the diet
Authors: Souza Dicastro Dias de , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Schio Alex Resende , Porto Junior Antonio Ferraz , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Santiago Bismarck Moreira , Rodrigues Eli Santana de Oliveira , Abreu Andrey Couto , Pacheco Camile Carvalho , Muricy Jemima Fialho
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of castor meal in the diet of lactating cows in grazing system and its implications in feeding behavior. Eight Holstein x Zebu crossbred cows, with average milk production adjusted to 300 days in the previous lactation, between 5000 and 6000 kg and 100.33 ± 13.33 days of lactation and average body weight of 509.47 ± 61.90 kg, were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares, with 4 levels of castor meal inclusion in the total diet, and using Brachiaria brizantha pasture as roughage. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods, lasting 21 days each. In each trial, the roughage and supplements were collected for evaluation of chemical composition. Animals were subjected to visual observation for evaluation of feeding behavior for 24 hours, from the 20th to the 21st day of each experimental period. The observations of the activities were recorded every five minutes. We determined the number of ruminating chews and the time spent in rumination of each ruminal bolus with the use of digital stopwatch. There was a quadratic effect for the grazing time with maximum point of inclusion of castor meal at 4.61% in the diet; other variables did not differ: rumination, idleness, trough, rumination efficiency, feeding and grazing time, rumination and idleness. Castor meal can be included in the diet with levels up to 10%, for little changes in the feeding behavior of animals.
Effects of housing conditions and glutamine levels on growthperformance of post-weaning piglets
Authors: Lozano Arturo Pardo , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio , Raele Eduardo , Novais Aliny Kétilim , Silva Roberta Abrami Monteiro da , Pacheco Graziela Droziunas , Gavioli David , Dalto Danyel Bueno , Silva Caio Abércio da
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of housing conditions and glutamine (GLN) levels on growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets. Forty-eight piglets were randomly assigned (4x2 factorial design) to one of the eight experimental diets represented by four levels of dietary GLN (0.0, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 %) and two housing conditions (AD = adequate and INAD = inadequate). From 22 to 28 days of age all animals were challenged daily with Escherichia coli polysaccharides. No effect of GLN level was found on daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (ADFI) or body weight at 28 days postweaning (BW28). For housing conditions, ADG at 21 days after weaning was greater for animals of treatment AD than INAD, and AD had lower body weight variation than INAD pigs at 21 days after weaning. Considering the whole period, AD had a higher ADG, ADFI and BW28 than INAD. However, an interaction effect was observed for feed:gain rate, in which values decreased linearly (Y = 2.1727 - 0.4017x; R2=0.92) just for AD pigs as GLN levels increased. No GLN level effects were observed for diarrhea incidence; however, AD had a higher number of animals without diarrhea and with lower incidence of severe diarrhea than INAD pigs. In conclusion, supplementing GLN doesn’t affect ADG, ADFI or BW28 but it improves feed efficiency when housing conditions are adequate.
Genetic variability of wild populations of Leporinus elongatus in the São Domingos River - MS Brazil: a preliminary view on the construction of the hydroelectric plant
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Maria Del Pilar , Fornari Darci Carlos , Baumgartner Gilmar , Baumgartner Dirceu , Souza Felipe Pinheiro de , Castro Pedro Luiz de , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio , Goes Elenice Souza dos Reis , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio
Published: September 2016

Most of the electricity used in Brazil comes from hydroelectric plants, mainly due to the great availability of its water resources. However, the construction of these plants denotes serious problems related to migration of native fish and the genetic conservation of stocks. Current study evaluates two wild population of Leporinus elongatus (piapara) located downstream (Population A - PopA) and upstream (Population B - PopB) of the Cachoeira Branca before the construction of the São Domingos hydroelectric plant (HPP) in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Thirty samples from caudal fins were collected and analyzed for each population. Eighty-nine fragments, including 72 polymorphic ones (80.9%), were analyzed. Low fragments (less than 0.100) in both populations (PopA = 2 and PopB = 3) were identified. Nine fixed fragments (frequency 1.000) (PopA = 3 and PopB = 6), and four exclusive fragments (PopA = 3 and PopB = 1) were also reported. The genetic variability within populations, calculated by Shannon Index and by percentage of polymorphic fragments, indicated high rates of intrapopulation variability (PopA = 0.309 and 61.80% and PopB = 0.392 and 71.90%, respectively). Genetic distance and identity rates (0.089 and 0.915, respectively) were different between populations, whilst AMOVA showed that most variations lie within the populations and not between them. Fst and Nm rates showed moderate genetic differentiation with low numbers of migrants. Results reveal populations with high intra-population genetic variability and genetic differentiation, with low gene flow. The passage ladders of São Domingos HPP should control fish transposition to preserve genetic variability.
Feeding behavior, microbial efficiency, and nitrogen balance of Nellore heifers supplemented with crude glycerin
Authors: Silva Gonçalo Mesquita da , Silva Fabiano Ferreira da , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Texeira Fábio Andrade , Souza Dicastro Dias de , Meneses Murilo De Almeida , Porto Junior Antonio Ferraz , Pimentel Leidiane Reis , Rodrigues Eli Santana de Oliveira , Viana Pablo Teixeira
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin in diets for Nellore heifers grazing on a Brachiaria brizantha pasture, during the dry season, on urine and plasma urea concentrations, feeding behavior, and microbial protein synthesis. Sixty Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 285.89 ± 18.74 kg, at approximately 19 ± 2 months of age, were distributed, in a completely randomized design, into the following five treatments with twelve replicates: 0.00, 4.00, 8.00, 12.00, and 16.00% inclusion of crude glycerin in the diet they were fed. Grazing time decreased linearly (P < 0.05) by 7.44 min with every percent of crude glycerin included in the diet. Microbial efficiency was not affected (P > 0.05), averaging 113.73g CP per kg TDN ingested. Plasma nitrogen concentration did not show any effects (P > 0.05), averaging 13.11 mg dL?1. Supplementing heifers during the dry season, at 0.7% BW, using up to 16% crude glycerin in the diet composition, did not elicit positive responses from feeding behavior and had little influence on microbial synthesis.
Digestible arginine concentrations in the diet of Japanese quails
Authors: Maurício Thamírys Vianelli , Vargas Júnior José Geraldo de , Souza Matheus Faria de , Barboza Walter Amaral , Nunes Louisiane De Carvalho , Soares Rita Trindade Ribeiro Nobre , Nascimento Hugo Da Silva
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of arginine in the diet of Japanese quails and to determine which provides the best egg production indices. We used 400 birds with an initial average weight of 180 g at 140 days of age. These were distributed among experimental units in a randomized design. Five levels of digestible arginine were studied (1.148, 1.256, 1.364, 1.472, and 1.580%) in reference to a fixed level of digestible lysine (1.083%; for arginine to lysine ratios of 1.06, 1.16, 1.26, 1.36, and 1.46). Each treatment was replicated 10 times for a total of 50 experimental units, each with eight quails. Feed rations, leftovers, and dead animals were weighed to calculate and adjust performance parameters. The variables analyzed were: daily feed intake (DFI), egg laying rate (ER), average egg weight (EW), total egg mass (EM), feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs (FCEM and FCDE), yolk, skin, and albumen weights (AYW, ASW and AAW), relative weights of yolk, albumen and shell (RYW, RAW and RSW), the Haugh unit (HU), and the percentage of eggs suitable for market (EP). The variables associated with performance and internal and external quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by different levels of arginine, except for EP, which decreased linearly (P = 0.009) with increasing arginine according to the equation: ? = -3.44x + 103.13, r² = 0.94. We conclude that the best concentration of arginine in quail diets is 1.148%, corresponding to an arginine to lysine ratio of 1.06.
Physical composition of carcass, commercial cuts and meat characteristics of young bulls fed millet-based diets containing increased crude glycerin levels
Authors: Moreira Werney Da Silva , Miotto Fabrícia Rocha Chaves , Restle João , Missio Regis Luis , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Elejalde Denise Adelaide Gomes , Parente Ricciere Rodrigues Pereira , Augusto Wescley Faccini
Published: September 2016

Assessment of carcass and meat characteristics of Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot with crude glycerin levels (0, 60, 120, and 240 g kg-1 dry matter) in millet-based diets. Twenty-eight young bulls with mean age of 18 months and average weight of 357 ± 23.56 kg were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replicates. It was observed that the physical composition and edible portion of the carcass were not affected by crude glycerin levels in the diets. However, the increased dietary crude glycerin level raised the weights of the forequarters (kg and % of cold carcass weight), but not that of the pistol cut and short ribs. Among the commercial cuts prepared to marketing of the pistol cut, only the weight of the rump cap (% cold carcass weight) was changed, decreasing linearly with increasing dietary crude glycerin levels. Additionally, meat characteristics remained unaltered by the increased levels of crude glycerin. It was concluded that inclusion of up to 240 g kg-1 of crude glycerin in millet grain-based diets for Nellore young bulls finished in feedlot does not alter the main carcass and meat characteristics or affect their economic value.
Genetic parameters for carcass traits and body size of meat sheep
Authors: Sena Luciano Silva , Santos Gleyson Vieira dos , Torres Tatiana Saraiva , Sousa Júnior Antônio De , Rego Neto Aurino De Araújo , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Biagiotti Daniel
Published: September 2016

The present study aimed to estimate variance components and heritability coefficients (h2) in Santa Inês sheep by single- and two-trait analyses for the traits loin eye area (LEA), length (LEL) and maximum depth (LED), in the longissimus dorsi muscle, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), fat thickness over the biceps femoris muscle (FTBF), croup height (CH), thoracic circumference (TC), thoracic depth (TD), body length (BL), and adult live weight (ALW). The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate variance components in an animal model. In both types of analyses, we estimated moderate heritability for all traits, with the exception of SFT, CH, TC, BL, and ALW (all of which yielded low h2 estimates). In two-trait analysis for body size, only TD yielded a lower h2 estimate, when compared to single-trait analysis. On the other hand, CH, TC, and BL yielded higher h2 estimates. Most estimates for variance components and h2 in two-trait analysis were higher than those in single-trait analysis. This finding suggests the possibility of a moderate response to selection for improvement in the carcass of meat sheep using the specific carcass traits evaluated (except SFT), highlighting LEA. The fat thickness over the biceps femoris muscle showed higher potential for response to direct selection for fat deposition than SFT. Thoracic depth showed higher potential for response to direct selection for body size than the other morphometric measurements. In the present study, adult live weight was not an effective criterion for direct selection.
Dry matter production and chemical composition of Massai grass submitted to nitrogen rates and cutting heights
Authors: Pereira Giselle Abadia Campos , Lima Leni Rodrigues , Silva Joelson Antônio , Galati Rosemay Lais , Zervoudakis Joanis Tilemahos , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves , Jesus Lisiane Pereira de , Santos Valéria Ana Corvalã dos , Ceni Isabela De , Cabral Luciano Silva
Published: September 2016

The study was carried out in a greenhouse with a 4X4 factorial arrangement randomized block design in order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg dm-3) associated with cutting heights (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) on dry matter production and the chemical composition of Massai grass. The seeding was done in pots with 11 kg of soil. 10 plants were kept per pot, and there were two cuts every 35 days. Nitrogen fertilization was split between the two cuts, where the first N application occurred after the uniformity cut and the second after the first cut. In each cut the plants were separated and weighed for botanical component evaluation: leaf blade and stem + sheath. After this, the samples were homogenized and analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content. In the first cut, the N fertilization caused a linear increase in DM production of 0.058 g pot-1 per each 1 mg dm-3 of N applied, as well as causing an increase of 0.549% in CP percentage, a 0.0124 pot-1 g increase in CP production and a reduction of 0.055% in NDF. In the second cut, N rates promoted a quadratic effect on DM production. A maximum DM production of 16.48 g pot-1 with 107.27 mg dm-3 of N was observed while CP production content was increased by 0.0092 g pot-1 for each 1 mg dm-3 N applied. In terms of linear responses to DM and PB, as well as the use efficiency calculated for Massai grass, recommended N doses range between 50 and 100 g dm-3.
Weight gain and morphometric growth of genetically improved tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
Authors: Marcos Rebeca , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Fornari Darci Carlos , Oliveira Carlos Antonio Lopes de , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio , Corrêa Filho Ruy Alberto Caetano , Abreu Janessa Sampaio de , Murari Pâmela Juliana Furlan
Published: September 2016

Weight gain and morphometric growth of the genetically improved tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) are evaluated. Current assay was carried out on the Fish Farm Experimental Station of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Santo Antonio de Leverger - MT Brazil. Seven fish families from the breeding program and a control group (not genetically improved) were evaluated. All animals were individually identified with a transmitter-responder label (transponder). Weight gain, overall and standard length, head size, height, width and body perimeter were measured. A completely randomized design was used and comparisons among families and the control group were carried out by Dunnett test at 5% significance level. The genetically improved fish families showed a 14.8% higher weight gain when compared to that of control group. Five out of seven families showed greater weight gain when compared to control group, with the best family exhibiting a 24.8% higher rate. Four families had higher growth in all evaluated morphometric characteristics when compared to control group. Only one family did not differ in any of the evaluated characteristics with regard to the control group.
Evaluation of offspring of dairy sheep given water supplemented with crude glycerin during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Sá Hemilly Cristina Menezes , Borges Iran , Macedo Junior Gilberto De Lima , Santos Felipe Santiago , Cavalcanti Luigi Francis Lima , Lima Natália Ludmila Lins , Alvarenga Flávio Augusto Pereira , Guedes Luciana Freitas
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin (CG) supplementation of dairy ewes during pregnancy and early lactation on the body weight and measurements of offspring from birth to weaning. Twenty-four lambs from 24 Lacaune x East Friesian genotype ewes were evaluated. The sheep were distributed in four treatments that differed in crude glycerin supplementation of 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5%, as well as the concomitant adjustment of dry matter and water intake. Body measurements of lambs were recorded every two weeks from birth until weaning. Body weight was recorded daily. Multiple regression analysis revealed that supplementation with CG explained 5.2% of the variation in the weight of lambs at birth (LW), accompanied by the body condition score of the ewe (12.3%), sex of lamb (19.2%), and live weight of the ewes (26.5%); r2 was 63%. According to the predictions of the model adjusted for simulated scenarios, the leanest lambs were derived from ewes weighing between 40 and 50 kg, with body condition scores from 4 to 5, and that did not receive CG at intermediate levels. Heavier lambs, with LW above 5.5 kg, were derived from ewes that weighed between 80 to 90 kg with low body condition scores of 3, and that received 1.5% CG. Supplementation with CG between 2% and 4% improves the weight of the lambs at birth. Body measurements of lambs were not influenced by dietary supplementation of ewes with CG.
Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter
Authors: Lima Vania Luzia Fournou de , Ducatti Carlos , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima , Seraphim Luciane Do Carmo , Factori Marco Aurélio , Jorge André Mendes , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra , Silva Marina Gabriela Berchiol da
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.
Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 1-10 days of age
Authors: Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Savoldi Thaís Lorana , Tsutsumi Cláudio Yuji , Souza Cleison De , Broch Jomara , Meza Sharon Karla Lüders , Borsatti Liliane , Schneiders José Luiz
Published: September 2016

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the rate of protein deposition, rate deposition body fat and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks 1 to 10 days of age. The study design consisted of 1,152 broilers, weighing 52 ± 5 g, distributed in a completely randomized, 4x4 factorial design, consisting of four levels of ME (2700; 2825; 2950 and 3075 kcal/kg) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%), with 16 treatments and three replicates, with 24 poultry in each experimental unit. The protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat deposition rate (FDR) were not affected (P > 0.05) by the ME, however, PDR was influenced linearly (P < 0.05) by increasing lysine. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the levels of ME and DL, whose increase resulted in a higher villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and a greater relation villus: crypt ratio of the ileum. Therefore, levels of DL and ME had positive effects on the intestinal development of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase.
Carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with mulberry hay
Authors: Cirne Luís Gabriel Alves , Silva Sobrinho Américo Garcia da , Almeida Fabiana Alves de , Santana Valéria Teixeira , Endo Viviane , Zeola Nivea Maria Brancacci Lopes , Almeida Amelia Katiane
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo quantitative traits of carcass and commercial cuts of lambs fed diets containing 0, 12.5, and 25.0% mulberry hay replacing the concentrate. Twentyfour Ile de France lambs at approximately 60 days of age, with 15 kg body weight, were confined in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg. Increasing levels of mulberry hay in the diet resulted in a linear increase in chest depth (R2=0.84), leg muscularity index (R2=0.71), and muscle:bone ratio (R2=0.95); a linear decrease in leg compactness index (R2 =0.75), shoulder weight (R2=0.78), and femur weight (R2=0.99) and length (R2=0.86); and a quadratic response from chilling losses (R2=1.0) and percentage of intermuscular fat. Mulberry hay can be used in the feeding of feedlot lambs without compromising their carcass quantitative characteristics.
Novas dimensões para o IDH segundo a abordagem das capacitações
Authors: Brasil Raphael Gomes , Macedo Joel de Jesus
Published: September 2016

O conceito de desenvolvimento humano evoluiu muito ao longo dos anos, de uma simples medida de renda per capita, até definições mais sofisticadas como o da abordagem das capacitações de Amartya Sen, que está relacionada não apenas aos que as pessoas possuem, mas sim um conjunto de capacitações que permitem às pessoas escolherem o que querem ser ou fazer. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento deve ser ampliado, permitindo que o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) abranja dimensões que estejam relacionadas às liberdades individuais. O presente trabalho sugere uma nova metodologia IDH, acrescendo ao seu cálculo medidas de tolerância, criminalidade e democracia. Para atender a proposta do presente trabalho, novas dimensões do desenvolvimento humano são sugeridas: os subíndices Tolerância Étnica, Criminalidade e Liberdade Política. Do resultado conclui-se que até mesmo sociedades com elevado padrão de vida sofrem com problemas como o racismo e falta de liberdades políticas.
Análise das Receitas do ITBI nos Principais Municípios do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Santos Rogelio Gerônimo dos , Nascimento Sidnei Pereira do , Fiuza-Moura Flavio Kaue
Published: September 2016

As arrecadações das receitas tributárias fazem-se necessária para fazer frente às despesas com serviços característicos de Estados que são demandados pela sociedade. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo é aferir o comportamento das receitas per capita do Imposto sobre Transferências de Bens Imóveis (ITBI) entre o Município de Porto Alegre e as cidades de Caxias do Sul, Pelotas, Canoas, Santa Maria, Gravataí, Viamão, Novo Hamburgo e São Leopoldo, no período de 1998 a 2011, sob os impactos da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). Para isso, utiliza-se o modelo econométrico de Ajuste de Poligonais para medir se houve quebra estrutural, em 2004 dos nove municípios avaliados e identificar o comportamento das receitas do ITBI no segundo período a partir do Município de Porto Alegre. Os resultados econométricos demostraram que os demais municípios avaliados alcançaram taxas de variações positivas na participação per capita do ITBI, no período de 2005-2011, comparados a Porto Alegre.
Elasticidades de transmissão espacial de preço do milho no Brasil: Um estudo para o Mato Grosso
Authors: Costa Junior Geraldo , Popova Nataliya Dimitrova , Canaan Thomé Tanus Tarik , Martines Filho João Gomes
Published: September 2016

No presente estudo buscou-se analisar o milho, que dada a sua liderança no mercado de grãos, em termos de produção mundial e sua versatilidade de uso, tem ampliado sua importância em termos de segurança alimentar e como fonte de energia renovável.  No Brasil, destaca-se o estado do Mato Grosso, que além de sua representatividade produtiva, tem ampliado sua integração com o mercado externo desse cereal. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetiva analisar o processo de transmissão de preços entre as praças produtoras de milho no estado do Mato Grosso e o mercado externo, no período de janeiro de 2009 à abril de 2015. Para tal, utilizou-se como arcabouço teórico, a lei do preço único e como instrumental metodológico, o modelo de causalidade de Granger e o modelo vetorial de correção de erros. Como resultado, no teste de Causalidade, no sentido de Granger, verificou-se uma relação de causalidade unidirecional, de Paranaguá em relação as praças de comercialização de Mato Grosso. Quanto aos testes de cointegração, apenas as regiões de Canarana, Lucas do Rio Verde e Sapezal  apresentam uma relação de longo prazo com Paranaguá, entretanto no comparativo somente entre as praças do Mato Grosso, existe cointegração entre todas elas, tipificando um mercado integrado.
Diferencial salarial segundo a condição de migração e gênero nos estados da região sul do Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Karla Cristina Tyskowski Teodoro , Souza Solange Cassia Inforzato de , Moura Flavio Kaue Fiuza , Maia Katy
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho analisa a diferença salarial segundo a condição de migração e sexo da população dos estados do Sul do Brasil (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul), a partir dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios – 2013. Para isso, calculam-se as equações de rendimentos, o procedimento de Heckman e a decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder. Os resultados revelam que o estado do Paraná tem maior participação relativa de migrantes da Região Sul, seguido por Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. A Região apresenta um salário superior para migrantes, tanto para os homens como para as mulheres, compatível com a literatura sobre o tema. Os homens possuem um salário superior, tanto nos grupos de não migrantes como nos de migrantes, e a maior diferença salarial por sexo ocorre na população migrante. Há discriminação salarial por sexo entre migrantes e não migrantes, sendo maior entre os migrantes. O efeito migratório sobre os salários das mulheres é de aproximadamente 15%, favorável às migrantes, e dos homens é de aproximadamente 38% favorável aos migrantes.