bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The extracellular matrix landscape in salivary gland carcinomas is defined by cellular differentiation via expression of three distinct protein modules
Authors: Arolt Christoph , Hoffmann Franziska , Nachtsheim Lisa , Mayer Marcel , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Buettner Reinhard , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Klussmann Jens Peter , Hillmer Axel , Quaas Alexander , Klein Sebastian , Wolber Philipp
Published: February 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an integral part of the tumor microenvironment of carcinomas. Even though salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) display a range of tumor cell differentiation and distinct extracellular matrices, their ECM landscape has not been characterized in depth. The ECM composition of 89 SGC primaries, 14 metastases, and 25 normal salivary gland tissues was assessed using deep proteomic profiling. Machine learning algorithms and network analysis were used to detect tumor groups and protein modules that explain specific ECM landscapes. Multimodal in situ studies to validate exploratory findings and to infer a putative cellular origin of ECM components were applied. We revealed two fundamental SGC ECM classes which align with the presence or absence of myoepithelial tumor differentiation. We describe the SGC ECM through three biologically distinct protein modules that are differentially expressed across ECM classes and cell types. The modules have a distinct prognostic impact on different SGC types. Since targeted therapy is rarely available for SGC, we used the proteomic expression profile to identify putative therapeutic targets. In summary, we provide the first extensive inventory of ECM components in SGC, a difficult‐to‐treat disease that encompasses tumors with distinct cellular differentiation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Total body irradiation‐free haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to related and unrelated donor transplantation in pediatrics with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mardani Mahta , Behfar Maryam , Jafari Leila , Mohseni Rashin , Naji Parisa , Salajegheh Pouria , Donyadideh Ghazaleh , Hamidieh Amir Ali
Published: February 2023

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer under the age of 15 years. Despite the recent advances in therapeutic regimens, relapse occurs in 15%–20% of pediatric patients after chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the best treatment option. However, donor availability is one of the major challenges. Over the last decade, haploidentical donor (HID) transplantation has evolved as an alternative option. Herein, we aimed to compare the transplant outcomes in pediatric patients receiving total body irradiation (TBI)‐free myeloablative regimens, between non‐HID and HID transplant.

Patients and methods

The study included 60 pediatric ALL patients who had undergone HSCT from October 2016 until September 2020. Forty‐three patients received non‐HID HSCT, while 17 patients received HID. The sources of stem cells (SC) were peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for all the patients. The conditioning regimen was based on busulfan and cyclophosphamide. For graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate in the setting of non‐HID transplantation, where HIDs received post‐transplant cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide.

Results

The cumulative incidences of 3‐year overall survival (OS) were 73.1%, 66.6%, and 69.5%, for matched sibling donor‐matched related donor (MSD‐MRD), matched unrelated donor‐mismatched unrelated donor (MUD‐MMUD), and HID groups, respectively (p = .85). The cumulative incidences of grade II–IV acute GvHD for the MRD, MUD‐MMUD, and HID groups were 29%, 41%, and 49%, respectively (p = .47). Furthermore, the 3‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was MSD‐MRD: 70% versus MUD‐MMUD: 42% versus HID: 45% (p = .64). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse post transplantation was 45%, 18%, and 45%, respectively, for the MSD‐MRD, MUD‐MMUD, and HID groups, and the differences were not statistically significant (p = .55). There was a higher risk for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients receiving HID transplants compared to those of non‐HIDs (p < .01).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that PBSC‐HID transplant outcomes in the setting of non‐TBI conditioning are comparable to those of non‐HIDs in pediatric ALL patients.
Technical advances in the surgical management of Wilms tumors in children
Authors: Romao Rodrigo L. P. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Malek Marcus , Irtan Sabine , Gow Kenneth , Ghandour Khalil , Biasoni David , Davidoff Andrew , Pachl Max
Published: February 2023

Surgery is one of the cornerstones of Wilms tumor treatment. In this article, we present technical advancements that are finding their way into the armamentarium of pediatric cancer surgeons. We discuss the current approaches, challenges, opportunities, and future directions of minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopic and robotics), image‐guided surgery, and fluorescence‐guided surgery. Furthermore, we discuss the use of intraoperative ultrasonography, as well as the use of new techniques to improve the quality of lymph node sampling.
Identification of proteoforms by top‐down proteomics using two‐dimensional low/low pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kaulich Philipp T. , Cassidy Liam , Tholey Andreas
Published: February 2023

In top‐down (TD) proteomics, efficient proteoform separation is crucial to reduce the sample complexity and increase the depth of the analysis. Here, we developed a two‐dimensional low pH/low pH reversed‐phase liquid chromatography separation scheme for TD proteomics. The first dimension for offline fractionation was performed using a polymeric reversed‐phase (PLRP‐S) column with trifluoroacetic acid as ion‐pairing reagent. The second dimension, a C4 nanocolumn with formic acid as ion‐pairing reagent, was coupled online with a high‐field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) Orbitrap Tribrid mass spectrometer. For both dimensions several parameters were optimized, such as the adaption of the LC gradients in the second dimension according to the elution time (i.e., fraction number) in the first dimension. Avoidance of elevated temperatures and prolonged exposure to acidic conditions minimized cleavage of acid labile aspartate–proline peptide bonds. Furthermore, a concatenation strategy was developed to reduce the total measurement time. We compared our low/low pH with a previously published high pH (C4, ammonium formate)/low pH strategy and found that both separation strategies led to complementary proteoform identifications, mainly below 20 kDa, with a higher number of proteoforms identified by the low/low pH separation. With the optimized separation scheme, more than 4900 proteoforms from 1250 protein groups were identified in Caco‐2 cells.
Cell Membrane‐Coated AuNPs as a New Biomimetic Platform for ROS Scavenger Provides Cytoprotection from Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Borghei Yasaman‐Sadat , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: February 2023

Biocompatible nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as cellular antioxidant agents for the improvement of new therapeutics for several and diverse oxidative stress related disorders. Here, it is shown that the biocompatible cell membrane@gold nanoparticle displays catalase‐mimic behavior by decomposing H2O2. This interesting behavior can be used for cell protection against induced oxidative injury by reactive oxygen species (ROS). So, after characterizing this novel biocompatible nanostructure, the protective effect of cell membrane@AuNPs pretreatment in front of a well‐defined oxidative stress‐inducing chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin (Dox) is assessed. Doxorubicin pretreatment significantly reduces the intracellular ROS production. Similarly, a reduction in the levels of DNA oxidative damage, as measured with the AO/EB staining, is also observed. Obtained results would support that this novel nanostructure can show how a pharmacological agent can be used against oxidative stress‐mediated diseases.
Ozone and childhood respiratory health: A primer for US pediatric providers and a call for a more protective standard
Authors: Rosser Franziska , Balmes John
Published: February 2023

Ground level ozone is a potent respiratory toxicant with decades of accumulated data demonstrating respiratory harms to children. Despite the ubiquity of ozone in the United States, impacting both urban and rural communities, the associated harms of exposure to this important air pollutant are often infrequently or inadequately covered during medical training including pulmonary specialization. Thus, many providers caring for children's respiratory health may have limited knowledge of the harms which may result in reduced discussion of ozone pollution during clinical encounters. Further, the current US air quality standard for ozone does not adequately protect children. In this nonsystematic review, we present basic background information for healthcare providers caring for children's respiratory health, review the US process for setting air quality standards, discuss the respiratory harms of ozone for healthy children and those with underlying respiratory disease, highlight the urgent need for a more protective ozone standard to adequately protect children's respiratory health, review impacts of climate change on ozone levels, and provide information for discussion in clinical encounters.
An assessment of the predictive value of low risk criteria for children with intermittent asthma
Authors: Farber Harold J. , Silveira Edwin , Wong Jackson Y.
Published: February 2023

Background

Current asthma guidelines recommend short acting beta agonist medication (SABA) be used in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid to reduce risk for severe asthma exacerbations. This may not be appropriate for patients at low risk for severe exacerbations.

Methods

This study is a cohort study using computerized claims data from Texas Children's Health Plan. Inclusion criteria were members 1 to <18 years with a diagnosis of asthma in a baseline year between 2016 and 2018 and who had ≤2 SABA canisters or equivalent dispensed, no oral corticosteroid or inhaled corticosteroid dispensing, no asthma hospitalizations, and no asthma emergency department visits in the baseline year. Follow up year outcomes of asthma hospitalizations and emergency department visits were determined for the year following the baseline year.

Findings

Forty‐five thousand two hundred and thiry health plan members 1 to <18 years met inclusion criteria. The rate of follow up year asthma hospitalization was 1.1 per thousand for those with no baseline SABA dispensing and 1.5 per thousand for those with >0 and ≤2 SABA canister dispensings (p = 0.3). Follow up year Emergency Department visits rates were 14 per thousand and 17 per thousand, respectively (p = 0.08). In analyses adjusted for age group, the follow up year asthma hospitalization rate was not different comparing the 0 SABA to the >0 and ≤2 SABA canister dispensings group (odds ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.81).

Interpretation

Asthma patients at low risk for severe exacerbations can be identified. This information can be useful to guide treatment decisions.
Survival after lipiodol escape at embolization for lung transplant chylothorax
Authors: Buzacott Hugh , Vazirani Jaideep , Snell Gregory Ian
Published: February 2023

Key message

We present imaging of lipiodil escape after thoracic duct embolization for transplant associated chylothorax leading to transient impairment, then resolution.
Combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles (CUVs) in dynamic fluid environment
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Yang Yang , Ye Xinghong , He Zhiguo , Jiao Pengcheng
Published: February 2023

Underwater vehicles have opened a unique path to multifunctionality and environmental adaptability. However, inadequate studies have been conducted to investigate the dynamic principle and performance of underwater vehicles in real applications with complex external conditions. Here, we propose a type of combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles that can perform stable high‐speed motions under dynamic fluid environment. Experiments are conducted to test the kinematic performance. Numerical simulations are developed to investigate the fluid–solid interaction phenomenon, and theoretical modeling is derived to study the dynamic principle of the combustion actuation process. The experimental, numerical, and theoretical results are compared with satisfactory agreements. The underwater vehicles perform ~3.4 body‐length distance within 0.2 s and a maximum speed of ~30 body‐length per second in horizontal direction. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the key factors to the kinematic performance of the reported underwater vehicles. In the end, we report the hybrid combustion‐enabled underwater vehicles (CUVs) that combined with propeller to realize continuous driving for multi‐mode operations. The experimental, numerical, and theoretical results indicate that hybrid CUVs can achieve more flexible and controllable motion performance.
Broadcasting‐induced colorings of preferential attachment trees
Authors: Desmarais Colin , Holmgren Cecilia , Wagner Stephan
Published: February 2023

We consider random two‐colorings of random linear preferential attachment trees, which includes recursive trees, plane‐oriented recursive trees, binary search trees, and a class of d‐ary trees. The random coloring is defined by assigning the root the color red or blue with equal probability, and all other vertices are assigned the color of their parent with probability and the other color otherwise. These colorings have been previously studied in other contexts, including Ising models and broadcasting, and can be considered as generalizations of bond percolation. With the help of Pólya urns, we prove limiting distributions, after proper rescalings, for the number of vertices, monochromatic subtrees, and leaves of each color, as well as the number of fringe subtrees with two‐colorings. Using methods from analytic combinatorics, we also provide precise descriptions of the limiting distribution after proper rescaling of the size of the root cluster; the largest monochromatic subtree containing the root.
Towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 in sub‐Saharan Africa: Role of governance and renewable energy
Authors: Haldar Anasuya , Sethi Narayan , Jena Pabitra Kumar , Padhan Purna Chandra
Published: February 2023

Energy poverty plagues the sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) region and impedes its socio‐economic development. It is impossible to attain sustainable‐development without alleviating energy‐poverty. In this study, we examine the role of governance and renewable‐energy in alleviating energy poverty for 22 SSA countries from 2000 to 2018 using system generalised method‐of‐moments and three‐stage least‐squares models. Government expenditure is found to increase economic growth, which in turn, reduces energy poverty. On the other hand, energy poverty is found to initially increase and then fall with rising renewable‐energy share. Additionally, the association of energy poverty with socio‐economic, environmental and governance factors, is analysed within a structural‐equation modelling (SEM) framework. Our SEM model shows that government institutional‐factors remain central to reducing energy poverty without compromising environmental‐sustainability. This study suggests that SSA needs transparent governance, strong institutions and a rising renewable‐energy share along with a resilient grid infrastructure to address the energy poverty problem.
Screening, characterization, and kinetic studies of a serine alkaline protease from kitchen wastewater bacteria P2S1An and evaluation of its application in nutraceutical production
Authors: Das Madhushrita , Ghosh Mahua
Published: February 2023

This present investigation aimed at characterizing the biochemical potential and kinetic study of the protease isolated from kitchen wastewater bacteria, P2S1An. The enzymatic activity was optimum when incubated for 96 h, at 30°C and pH 9.0. The enzymatic activity of the purified protease (PrA) was 10.47‐folds that of crude protease (S1). PrA was about 35 kDa in molecular weight. The broad pH and thermal stability, chelators, surfactants and solvent tolerance, and favorable thermodynamics suggested the potentiality of the extracted protease PrA. Thermal activity and stability were enhanced in presence of 1‐mM Ca2+ ion at high temperatures. The protease was a serine one as its activity was completely diminished in presence of 1‐mM PMSF. The Vmax, Km, and Kcat/Km suggested stability and catalytic efficiency of the protease. PrA hydrolyzes fish protein with 26.61 ± 0.16% of peptide bond cleavage after 240 min, comparable to Alcalase 2.4L (27.13 ± 0.31%).

Practitioner points

A serine alkaline protease PrA was extracted from kitchen wastewater bacteria Bacillus tropicus Y14.

Protease PrA showed significant activity and stability in a wide temperature and pH range.

Protease showed great stability towards additives like metal ions, solvents, surfactants, polyols, and inhibitors.

Kinetic study showed that the protease PrA had a prominent affinity and catalytic efficiency for the substrates.

PrA hydrolysed fish proteins into short bioactive peptides which signify its potential in the formation of functional food ingredients.
Comprehensive analysis reveals hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Shi‐En , Geng Cong‐Li , Wu Yu‐Xiao , Shi Mu‐Han , Wang Min
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Allergic rhinitis (AR) refers to a form of respiratory inflammation that mainly affects the sinonasal mucosa. The purpose of this study was to explore the level of immune cell infiltration and the pathogenesis of AR.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive analysis of two gene expression profiles (GSE50223 and GSE50101, a total of 30 patients with AR and 31 healthy controls). CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration levels. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was applied to explore potential genes or gene modules related to immune status, and enrichment analyses including gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, gene set enrichment analysis, and gene set variation analysis, were performed to analyze the potential mechanisms in AR. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to investigate the hub genes, and consensus clustering was conducted to identify the molecular subtypes of AR.

Results

Compared to the healthy controls, patients with AR had high abundance levels and proportions of CD4+ memory‐activated T cells. One hundred and eight immune‐related differentially expressed genes were identified. Enrichment analysis suggested that AR was mainly related to leukocyte cell‐cell adhesion, cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, T‐cell activation, and T‐cell receptor signaling pathway. Ten hub genes, including TYROBP, CSF1R, TLR8, FCER1G, SPI1, ITGAM, CYBB, FCGR2A, CCR1, and HCK, which were related to immune response, might be crucial to the pathogenesis of AR. Three molecular subtypes with significantly different immune statuses were identified.

Conclusion

This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in AR via comprehensive strategies and provides potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of AR.
Reflecting Open Practices on Digital Infrastructures: Functionalities and Implications of Knowledge
Authors: Hiebl Johannes , Kullmann Sylvia , Heck Tamara , Rittberger Marc
Published: February 2023

Open practices in education focus on the actions of learners and teachers regarding openness. The sharing and collaborative creation of open educational resources is at the core of such practices. Digital infrastructures do not only provide environments for these kinds of practices but reflect ideas and implications of open practices through the functionalities they offer. Those infrastructures can be seen as drivers for enabling open practices to become default. However, a common understanding of open practices has yet to be defined. As such, designing digital infrastructures that foster open practices might be a challenge. This chapter shows the relation between open practices and digital infrastructures.
Version Management in a Distributed Infrastructure for Open Educational Resources
Authors: Schroeder Nadine
Published: February 2023

One concern of Open Educational Resources (OER) is to establish infrastructures, such as repositories, where learning materials can be uploaded and exchanged. Various initiatives all over the world are currently investigating technical developments for finding and sharing OER in higher education. In this context, the consolidation of individual solutions in a distributed infrastructure must be considered. When creating and editing content, modifications and adjustments can result in new versions of a resource and further developments of other users can lead to derivatives. Managing versions in terms of tracking changes and learning about new versions available is not only an issue for OER repository development, but also for interaction and discoverability in a distributed infrastructure. Therefore, version management can be considered as an approach to potentially improve the reuse and revision OER. This contribution discusses use cases of OER in the context of version management and presents approaches to managing educational material in a distributed infrastructure resulting in a concept of version management for OER.
Developing a Metadata Profile for Higher Education OER Repositories
Authors: Menzel Michael
Published: February 2023

To provide Open Educational Resources (OER) according to the recognised FAIR principles (improve Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets), it is necessary to describe the educational material by means of meaningful metadata. There are conflicting demands to comply with. On the one hand, the educational resources should be described in as much detail as possible for accurately fitting search results. On the other hand, only strictly necessary information should be obligatory to keep the obstacles for authors as low as possible. An additional goal is to allow easy connection between repositories, thus allowing federated search and harvesting of metadata, for example, by search engines or other interested parties. Operators of OER repositories from several federal states in Germany (HOOU, OERNDS, ORCA.nrw, VCRP, VHB, ZOERR) have developed a metadata profile focussing on OER in the context of higher education. The initiators strive to reach the mentioned objectives and to establish a standard in the field. The metadata profile is based on the well-established Learning Object Metadata Standard (LOM). The chapter describes the decision process and why certain choices are made to reach the intended goals. Furthermore, the importance of editorial supervision for a sound quality of the material and metadata will be discussed. The chances and challenges are illustrated based on practical experiences with the establishment and daily operation of the Zentrales OER Repositorium der Hochschulen in Baden- Württemberg (ZOERR).
Distributed Learning Ecosystems in Education: A Guide to the Debate
Authors: Otto Daniel , Kerres Michael
Published: February 2023

Learning spaces are vital for education but subject to rapid transformation. The internet is the emerging space where learning takes place. The concept of learning ecosystems reflects the idea that in today’s learning processes, different elements interact and influence each other. For higher education, a learning ecosystem comprises all services, resources, and environments within the institution that enable or support learning processes. However, this chapter argues that, although learning ecosystems are increasingly established in higher education, essential features that are missing are their permeability and interconnectedness. The chapter aims to close this gap by introducing the concept of distributed learning ecosystems (DLEs). DLEs follow the idea of establishing a link between decentralised learning ecosystems (consisting of content repositories and educational resources). Thus, DLEs serve as an integrated approach that enables learners to access and use learning content and share resources. With reference to the other chapters in the book, the paper illustrates challenges and solutions on the road to DLEs.
The Shift Toward Openness in Education and the Implications for Learning Ecosystems and Ecologies
Authors: Bozkurt Aras , Stracke Christian M.
Published: February 2023

Openness in education, a concept that includes many universal values and philosophical roots, assumes the objective that learners should be at the centre of the learning process. In recent years, the concept has emerged as a major topic of interest due to the expansion of its scope and the opportunities it offers. In this book chapter, the impact that the digital transformation in terms of online networked technologies has had on openness in education is explained and the characteristics of ecosystems and learning ecologies are presented through a socio-environmental perspective. In exploring openness in education, the case is made that openness in education can reach its full potential when it is practiced from the perspective of the ecosystem, educational adaptation, and the learning ecology.
The Role of Institutional Repositories in Higher Education: Purpose and Level of Openness
Authors: Santos-Hermosa Gema
Published: February 2023

The aim of this chapter is to consider repositories as distributed learning systems, exploring how they can influence higher education by allowing learners and teachers to deposit their educational resources for open sharing and use in teaching and learning processes. To this end, three essential issues will be addressed. The first is the current state of institutional repositories in higher education at international level. An overview will be offered—covering content, metadata, licences, educational and reuse aspects, etc.—to identify the different levels of development of these repositories, followed by a more specific contextualisation of the European case. The second issue, causally related to the first, is the question of what should be done to (further) increase the level of openness and interconnection of repositories in order to integrate them into education. In other words, how can we advance from open content and Open Educational Resources (OER) to Open Educational Practices (OEP), and from OAI-PHM (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) protocol interoperability to Linked Data and Open Informational Ecosystems? Finally, several ongoing initiatives will also be discussed as good practice models to be considered.
Open Textbooks in Higher Education Teaching
Authors: Pitt Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Open Educational Resources (OER) are learning materials available under licensing terms that enable their use, sharing, reproduction, and often adaptation without needing further permission from the author or copyright holder. Whilst OER are available in many different formats, open textbooks—complete course books available on open licenses—have been particularly successful in facilitating widespread use of OER in some regions, such as North America. This chapter surveys the current extent and future potential use of open textbooks in Higher Education (HE), examining how open textbooks are used to address challenges in HE and describing opportunities for connecting and enabling institutional and extra-institutional communities through the use of open textbooks. While open textbook ecosystems are well developed in some countries, elsewhere the role of open textbooks remains emergent. This chapter examines the nuances in open textbook use and what lessons can be learnt from both more mature ecosystems and those where open textbook use remains limited.
Reuse of OER, a Process Model Approach
Authors: Schuwer Robert , Baas Marjon
Published: February 2023

The movement around Open Educational Resources (OER) aims to make educational resources available to all through the use of open licenses. Our understanding of the extent of reusing OER, however, is still limited. Measurement of actual reuse is difficult. Much reuse remains invisible and happens under the radar (‘dark reuse’). Currently, much attention is given to educational designs where the characteristics of OER (freely available and rights to adapt) are essential (open pedagogy). To better determine which support and skills are needed, a process model for the reuse of OER in practice is developed. This model differentiates between two scenarios: an educator-centred and a student-centred one. Especially the latter scenario clearly shows that support and skills programmes should not only be directed at educators, but also at students.
Development of an Austrian OER Certification for Higher Education Institutions and Their Employees
Authors: Schön Sandra , Ebner Martin , Berger Elfriede , Brandhofer Gerhard , Edelsbrunner Sarah , Gröblinger Ortrun , Hackl Claudia , Jadin Tanja , Kopp Michael , Neuböck Kristina , Proinger Judith , Schmölz Alexander , Steinbacher Hans-Peter
Published: February 2023

The “Forum Neue Medien in der Lehre Austria” (fnma) is responsible for the development and introduction of a procedure to attest open educational resources (OER) competences and OER activities in higher education. The aim is to develop and implement a convincing and recognized procedure that succeeds in sustainably promoting and making visible OER activities and OER competences at Austria’s higher education institutions. Within this paper, the development of the Austrian OER certification approach, in other words its framework, will be addressed. A working plan and first results will be presented; among others, the competence framework and its compatibility with existing frameworks.
Three-particle Lellouch-Lüscher formalism in moving frames
Authors: Müller Fabian , Pang Jin-Yi , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun
Published: February 2023

Abstract

A manifestly relativistic-invariant Lellouch-Lüscher formalism for the decays into three identical particles with no two-to-three transitions is proposed. Similarly to [1], the formalism is based on the use of the non-relativistic effective Lagrangians. Manifest Lorentz invariance is guaranteed, as in [2], by choosing the quantization axis along the total four-momentum of the three-particle system. A systematic inclusion of the higher-order derivative couplings, as well as higher partial waves is addressed.
Residual gauge symmetry in light-cone electromagnetism
Authors: Majumdar Sucheta
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We analyze the residual gauge freedom in light-cone electromagnetism in four dimensions. The standard boundary conditions involved in the so-called lc2formalism, which contains only the two physical degrees of freedom, allow for a subset of residual gauge transformations. We relax the boundary conditions imposed on the fields in order to obtain all the residual gauge transformations. We compute the canonical generators for Poincaré and gauge transformations with these relaxed boundary conditions. This enables us to distinguish between the trivial (proper) and large (improper) gauge transformations in light-cone electromagnetism. We then employ the Newman-Penrose formalism to identify the incoming and outgoing radiation fields. We comment on the quadratic form structure of light-cone Hamiltonians, often encountered in lc2 gauge theories.
Dark matter from a conformal Dark Sector
Authors: Hong Sungwoo , Kurup Gowri , Perelstein Maxim
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We consider theories in which a dark sector is described by a Conformal Field Theory (CFT) over a broad range of energy scales. A coupling of the dark sector to the Standard Model breaks conformal invariance. While weak at high energies, the breaking grows in the infrared, and at a certain energy scale the theory enters a confined (hadronic) phase. One of the hadronic excitations can play the role of dark matter. We study a “Conformal Freeze-In” cosmological scenario, in which the dark sector is populated through its interactions with the SM at temperatures when it is conformal. In this scenario, the dark matter relic density is determined by the CFT data, such as the dimension of the CFT operator coupled to the Standard Model. We show that this simple and highly predictive model of dark matter is phenomenologically viable. The observed relic density is reproduced for a variety of SM operators (“portals”) coupled to the CFT, and the resulting models are consistent with observational constraints. The mass of the COFI dark matter candidate is predicted to be in the keV-MeV range.
Probing R-parity violation in B-meson decays to a baryon and a light neutralino
Authors: Dib Claudio O. , Helo Juan Carlos , Lyubovitskij Valery E. , Neill Nicolás A. , Soffer Abner , Wang Zeren Simon
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We propose a search for B meson decays to a baryon plus missing energy at the Belle II experiment to probe supersymmetry with a GeV-scale lightest neutralino $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

and R-parity violation (RPV). We perform analytic computations of the signal branching fractions in the framework of effective field theory, with a single nonzero RPV operator $$ {\lambda}_{ij3}^{\prime \prime }{\overline{U}}_i^c{\overline{D}}_j^c{\overline{D}}_3^c $$

λ

ij
3

′
′

U
¯

i
c

D
¯

j
c

D
¯

3
c

, where i, j = 1, 2. The hadronic form factors are calculated using an SU(3) phenomenological Lagrangian approach for the proton, as well as several hyperons and charmed baryons. Since the decay of the neutralino is kinematically and CKM suppressed in this theoretical scenario, it decays outside the detector and appears experimentally only as missing energy. We detail the analysis techniques at the experimental level and estimate the background in the $$ {B}^{+}\to p{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→
p

χ
~

1
0

search using published results for $$ {B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

. Our final sensitivity plots are shown for both $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime } $$

λ
113

′
′

versus the squark mass $$ {m}_{\tilde{q}} $$

m

q
~

and $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime }/{m}_{\tilde{q}}^2 $$

λ
113

′
′

/

m

q
~

2

versus the neutralino mass $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0} $$

m

χ
~

1
0

. We find that the search at Belle II could probe $$ {\lambda}_{113}^{\prime \prime }/{m}_{\tilde{q}}^2 $$

λ
113

′
′

/

m

q
~

2

down to the order of 10−8 GeV−2 in the kinematically allowed $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0} $$

m

χ
~

1
0

range. We also obtain current limits on $$ {\lambda}_{123}^{\prime \prime } $$

λ
123

′
′

by recasting an existing search interpreted as $$ {B}^0\to {\Lambda}^0{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
0

→

Λ
0

χ
~

1
0

, and comment about searches for $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Σ
+

χ
~

1
0

, $$ {B}^0\to {\Sigma}^0{\chi}_1^0 $$

B
0

→

Σ
0

χ
1
0

, $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Lambda}_c^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Λ
c
+

χ
~

1
0

, and $$ {B}^{+}\to {\Xi}_c^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

B
+

→

Ξ
c
+

χ
~

1
0

. In closing, we briefly discuss potential searches at the LHCb and BESIII experiments.
Resolving the flavor structure in the MFV-SMEFT
Authors: Bruggisser Sebastian , van Dyk Danny , Westhoff Susanne
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We constrain the flavor structure of Wilson coefficients in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) from data. In the SMEFT, new physics effects in couplings of up-type and down-type quarks are related through the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix. We exploit this relation to pin down potential new sources of flavor symmetry breaking in a global analysis of high- and low-energy data from the LHC, LEP, and b factory experiments. We demonstrate the power of such an analysis by performing a combined fit of effective four-quark and two-quark couplings contributing to a large set of flavor, top-quark, electroweak, and dijet observables. All four sectors are needed to fully resolve the flavor structure of left-chiral four-quark couplings without leaving blind directions in the parameter space. Although we work in the framework of minimal flavor violation, our strategy applies as well to other flavor patterns, like U(2) flavor symmetry or leptoquark scenarios.
Anomalous Energy Flux in Critical $$L^p$$-Based Spaces
Authors: Burczak Jan , Sattig Gabriel
Published: February 2023

We construct a three-dimensional vector field that exhibits positive energy flux at every Littlewood–Paley shell and has the best possible regularity in $$L^p$$

L
p

-based spaces, $$p \le 3$$

p
≤
3

; in particular, it belongs to $$H^{(\frac{5}{6})^-}$$

H

(

5
6

)

-

.
ALMOST CYCLIC REGULAR SEMISIMPLE ELEMENTS IN IRREDUCIBLE REPRESENTATIONS OF SIMPLE ALGEBRAIC GROUPS
Authors: TESTERMAN D. M. , ZALESSKI ALEXANDRE E.
Published: February 2023

Let G be a simple linear algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p ≥ 0 and let ϕ be a nontrivial p-restricted irreducible representation of G. Let T be a maximal torus of G and s ϵ T. We say that s is Ad-regular if α(s) ≠ β(s) for all distinct T-roots α and β of G. Our main result states that if all but one of the eigenvalues of ϕ(s) are of multiplicity 1 then, with a few specified exceptions, s is Ad-regular. This can be viewed as an extension of our earlier work, in which we show that, under the same hypotheses, either s is regular or G is a classical group and ϕ is “essentially” (a twist of) the natural representation of G.
Klimawandel und psychische Gesundheit. Positionspapier einer Task-Force der DGPPN
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas ,   DGPPN-Task-Force „Klima und Psyche“, Heinz Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Adli Mazda , Bornheimer Barbara , Brandt Lasse , Hurlemann René , Karl Sebastian , Knoblauch Hans , Marsh Nina , Nikendei Christoph , Pistol Sandy , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Schomburg Anna-Karina , Shukla Kirsten , Weinmann Stefan , Welzel Franziska , Gerlinger Gabriel , Holzhausen Julie , John Katja , Lork Isabelle , Sander Julia , Walinski Annika
Published: February 2023

Der Klimawandel und die damit häufiger auftretenden Extremwetterereignisse wirken sich direkt negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit aus. Naturkatastrophen gehen insbesondere mit einem Anstieg von Depressionen, Angst- und Traumafolgestörungen einher. Indirekte Folgen des Klimawandels wie Nahrungsmittelknappheit, ökonomische Krisen, gewaltvolle Konflikte und unfreiwillige Migration stellen zusätzlich massive psychische Risiko- und Belastungsfaktoren dar. Klimaangst und Solastalgie, die Trauer um verlorenen Lebensraum, sind neue psychische Syndrome angesichts der existenziellen Bedrohung durch die Klimakrise. Eine nachhaltige Psychiatrie muss sich dementsprechend auf steigenden und veränderten Bedarf einstellen. Psychiatrische Behandlungsprinzipien müssen die Prävention stärker in den Blick nehmen, um das Versorgungssystem insgesamt zu entlasten. Ressourcenverschwendung und CO2-Ausstoß im psychiatrischen Behandlungsablauf sowie Infrastruktur müssen wahrgenommen und verhindert werden. Psychiatrische Aus‑, Fort- und Weiterbildungskonzepte sollen um die Thematik des Klimawandels erweitert werden, um Fachkräfte, Betroffene und Öffentlichkeit umfassend zu informieren, zu sensibilisieren und zu klimafreundlichem und gesundheitsförderlichem Verhalten anzuregen. Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die psychische Gesundheit müssen tiefergehend erforscht werden. Die DGPPN wird Förderer und strebt die Klimaneutralität bis 2030 an. Sie hat sich zu klimaschonenden und energiesparenden Maßnahmen im Bereich der Finanzwirtschaft, in Bezug auf den DGPPN-Kongress sowie die DGPPN-Geschäftsstelle verpflichtet.
Standardized multi-planar reformation improves the reliability of the assessment of the anterolateral ligament in ACL-deficient knees
Authors: Hess Silvan , Hecker Andreas , Egli Rainer J. , Eberlein Sophie C. , Klenke Frank M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The anterolateral ligament (ALL) is an important structure for controlling anterolateral rotatory stability of the knee. Its assessment, however, is difficult using standardized MRI images. The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of judging the integrity of the ALL on multi-planar reformatted (MPR) MRI images and on standard coronal reformatted (SCR) MRI images in knees with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture.

Methods

Forty-eight patients (14 females, 34 males, 30 ± 6 years (mean age ± standard deviation)) with acute ACL ruptures (< 2 weeks) and no additional knee injuries (except segond fractures) were included. Images were assessed by two independent raters twice with at least a 2-week interval in between. The assessment was first performed on SCR images and thereafter on MPR images. Images were judged for assessability of the ALL and then the integrity of the ALL was rated.

Results

Depending on rater and read, the ALL was judged as “torn” in between 5 (10.4%) and 11 (22.9%) patients out of 48 patients on SCR images. On MRP images, the ALL was judged as “torn” in between 5 (10.4%) and 6 (12.5%) patients out of 48 patients, depending on rater and read. Inter- and intra-rater reliability for the assessment of the ALL using MPR images was “substantial” to “almost perfect”. Inter- and intra-rater reliability for the assessment using SCR was “fair” to “substantial”.

Conclusion

MPR images should be used when assessing the integrity of the ALL. Assessment quality is independent of patient positioning during MRI acquisition and the ALL can be displayed in full length on one image.

Level of evidence

Level III
A shallow morphology of the intertubercular groove is associated with medial and bilateral but not lateral pulley lesions
Authors: Kleim Benjamin Daniel , Carbonel Jose Fernando Sanchez , Hinz Maximilian , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Scheiderer Bastian , Imhoff Andreas Balthasar , Siebenlist Sebastian
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To investigate the influence of intertubercular groove (IG) morphology on the development of different types of biceps reflection pulley (BRP) injuries.

Methods

A consecutive cohort of 221 patients with ventral shoulder pain and a preoperative diagnosis suspecting BRP injury, who underwent arthroscopy, was retrospectively reviewed. The presence or absence as well as type of pulley injury (medial, lateral or bilateral) was confirmed arthroscopically. The intertubercular groove was evaluated on MRIs after triplanar reconstruction of the axial plane. IG depth, width, medial wall angle (MWA), lateral wall angle (LWA) and total opening angle (TOA) were measured. IG depth and width were expressed in relation to the humeral head diameter. Measurements were performed by two clinicians independently and averaged.

Results

Of 166 included patients 43 had bilateral, 65 medial and 38 lateral BRP lesions. 20 patients had intact BRPs and represented the control group.

The intra-class correlation coefficient of measurements was 0.843–0.955. Patients with a medial or bilateral BRP injury had a flatter MWA (38.8° or 40.0° vs. 47.9°, p < 0.001), wider TOA (96.1° or 96.6° vs. 82.6°, p < 0.001), greater width (12.5 or 12.3 vs. 10.8 mm, p = 0.013) and shallower depth (5.5 or 5.4 vs. 6.2 mm, p < 0.001) than the control group. Conversely, the IG morphology of those with lateral BRP injuries did not differ significantly from the control group. The odds ratio for a medial or bilateral BRP injury when the TOA exceeded 95° was 6.8 (95% confidence interval 3.04–15.2).

Conclusion

A dysplastic type of IG morphology with a wide TOA, flat MWA, decreased depth and increased width is associated with the presence of medial and bilateral BRP injuries. A TOA of > 95° increases the likelihood of a medial or bilateral BRP injury 6.8-fold. Lateral BRP injuries are not associated with dysplastic IG morphology. Concomitant LHBT surgery may, therefore, not always be necessary during isolated supraspinatus tendon repair.

Level of evidence

Level III.
Assessment of the compressive mechanical behavior of injection molded E-glass/polypropylene by mechanical testing and X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Stamopoulos Antonios G. , Gazza Francesco , Neirotti Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, thermoplastic composite materials are considered among the most promising ones as they are gaining the interest of many industrial sectors due to their eco-friendly features such as their recyclability and their low-cost demand while being produced in high volumes. Among the most concerning issues regarding the injection molded, short fiber-reinforced composites are the fiber distribution, the fiber orientation, and their effect on the overall mechanical performance. In the present work, the effect of the injection molding on the compressive properties is investigated experimentally. In this context, compressive mechanical tests have been conducted in a range between subzero and elevated temperatures using specimens oriented parallel and perpendicular to the injection direction. In addition, X-ray computed tomography is implemented for characterizing some crucial features such as the fiber volume fraction, in local and global scale, and the orientation of the fibers through the thickness and length of the material. The results revealed a different compressive mechanical behavior between the two specimen categories in all the testing temperatures. In addition, the results obtained by the nondestructive testing revealed a significant variation of the fiber content locally and a notable difference between distinct zones through the thickness.
Monetary policy, funding cost and banks’ risk-taking: evidence from the USA
Authors: Bürgi Constantin , Jiang Bo
Published: February 2023

How much deposits and equity a bank has influences how a banks’ lending responds to monetary policy. While the responsiveness for the bank lending channel has been well established, this is not the case for the risk-taking channel (RTC). We show in a value-at-risk RTC model that the lending for banks with relatively more equity and non-interest-bearing deposits should respond less to monetary policy tightening. This suggests that non-interest-bearing deposits act as “pseudo capital.” In a panel of US banks, we find strong evidence in support of our model for various risk measures.