bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly(lactic acid) and copper‐modified montmorillonite nanocomposite films for antimicrobial food packaging
Authors: Bruna Julio E. , Muñoz‐Shugulí Cristina , Espinoza Lisette , Herrera Andrea , Rodríguez‐Mercadoz Francisco J. , Ganga Maria Angelica , Guarda Abel , Galotto Ma. José
Published: November 2024

Polymer‐based nanocomposites loaded with metal nanoparticles are an interesting alternative for the development of antimicrobial food packaging. However, affinity and dispersion of metal nanoparticles could be improved using nanoclays. Therefore, nanocomposite films based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and copper modified‐montmorillonite were developed by melt‐extrusion technique. Copper‐modified montmorillonite at different valence states (MtCu2+ and MtCu0) were prepared. The nanocomposites were evaluated by means of their structural, optical, thermal and antimicrobial properties. Results showed that both nanoclays were intercalated in PLA but MtCu2+ was better dispersed. Therefore, color change ΔE < 2, higher thermal stability and higher elongation at break was evidenced for MtCu2+/PLA in comparison to pure PLA. Contrary, MtCu0 showed the displacement of Cu0 nanoparticles to the polymer matrix. These free nanoparticles were agglomerated and they leaded on a ΔE > 9 for MtCu0/PLA nanocomposites compared with PLA. Moreover, Cu0 nanoparticles in the matrix accelerated the thermal degradation and decreased the ductility of nanocomposites. On the other hand, both nanocomposites were able to reduce over 2 log10 of Escherichia coli growth and MtCu2+/PLA showed a higher antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua. These results showed the potential of nanocomposite films based on PLA and copper‐modified montmorillonite for antimicrobial food packaging applications.
The carbonic anhydrase enzymes as new targets for the management of neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Renzi Gioele , Ladu Federico , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: November 2024

Diseases caused by protozoan parasites represent a huge challenge to global health care, due to the lack of selective and efficient treatments for the management and spreading of such complex pathologies. The protozoans Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Leishmania spp. are the etiological agents of the so‐called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), that is, Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis, respectively. In such a context, the metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) emerged as potential protozoan druggable enzymes, being involved in the parasites’ life cycle. Several studies suggested the relevance of the protozoan‐expressed CAs as future candidates for the management of NTDs.
Cuproptosis: A Copper‐Mediated Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Meena Radhika , Sahoo Suman Sekhar , Sunil Andria , Manna Debasish
Published: November 2024

It has been found that various heavy metals can initiate different types of regulated cell deaths. Among these metals, copper, an essential trace micronutrient that plays a major role in a lot of physiological processes, also can initiate cell death. It can act as a constituent of metalloenzymes, and can act as a mediator for signaling pathways to regulate proliferation and metastasis of tumor. It is also an integral part of some metal‐based anticancer drugs. Recent studies have revealed that excessive intracellular copper accumulation leads to the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoylated proteins, causing proteotoxic stress and ultimately resulting in cell death. This newly discovered copper‐induced cell death is termed as cuproptosis. In the last few years, a lot of research has been done to understand the mechanism of copper‐mediated cell death, and attempts have also been made to identify the relationship between cuproptosis and the development of cancer. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive overview on the significance of copper, its regulation inside the body, the possible mechanism of cuproptosis, and how this cuproptosis can be employed as a therapeutic tool for cancer ablation.
Development of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes of 2‐Phenylbenzimidazole and Bipyridine Ligands for Selective Elimination of Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Gautam Aryan , Gupta Ajay , Prasad Puja , Sasmal Pijus K.
Published: November 2024

Herein, we have reported a series of cationic aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active iridium(III) complexes (Ir1‐Ir5) of the type [Ir(C N)2(N N)]Cl, wherein C N is a cyclometalating 2‐phenylbenzimidazole ligand with varying alkyl chain lengths and N N is a 2,2’‐bipyridine ligand attached to bis‐polyethylene glycol chains, for the treatment of bacterial infections. The AIE phenomenon of the complexes leveraged for detecting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy imaging that displayed a strong red emission in Gram‐positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the complexes assessed against Gram‐positive methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, E. faecium and E. faecalis and Gram‐negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria of clinical interest. The complexes Ir2‐Ir4 exerted potent antibacterial activity towards Gram‐positive strains with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values in the range of 1–9 μM, which is comparable to clinically approved antibiotic vancomycin. In contrast, these complexes were found to be inactive towards Gram‐negative bacterial strains (MICs >100 μM). The mechanism of antibacterial activity of the complexes implies that ROS generation, membrane depolarization and rupture are responsible for bacterial cell death. Further, the complexes Ir1‐Ir3 were found to be low‐toxic against human red blood cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, indicating their potential for use as antibacterial agents.
FeCoNi‐Based Alloy Coatings as Low Overpotential Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhong Jinyuan , Zhang Yuanwu , Huo Xiaoran , Zuo Xiaojiao , Huang Hongjun , Xu Xuelu , Zhang Nannan
Published: November 2024

Developing efficient, stable and low‐cost electrocatalysts is a viable approach to solve the current energy crisis. It is found that increasing the surface area of the electrodes can effectively promote the electrocatalytic efficiency. Herein, the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) technology was used to prepare FeCoNi‐Ni3C alloy coating by adding Ni3C powder to FeCoNi powder with an equal molar ratio. After mechanical mixing, the atomic ratios of Ni3C in the powder are 25 %, 50 %, and 75 %, respectively. The results prove that the pores on the surface of the coating have increased after Ni3C doping, which can provide more active sites in the electrocatalytic process to promote the electrocatalytic reaction. By controlling the proportion of Ni3C, the porosity of the coating surface can be effectively regulated. The results suggested that in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte and 10 mA cm−2, the FeCoNi coating shows an overpotential of 191 and 277 mV for HER and OER, respectively, the HER overpotential of 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi‐Ni3C coating is 105 mV, and the OER overpotential is 212 mV. It is worth noting that the 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi–Ni3C coating has a low Tafel slope of 45.78 mV dec−1 (HER) and 44 mV dec−1 (OER). Meanwhile, the attenuation of the overpotential of the 50 at % Ni3C FeCoNi–Ni3C coating after the stability test is almost negligible, indicating that the prepared catalyst has excellent electrocatalytic stability. Furthermore, the 50 at.% Ni3C FeCoNi‐Ni3C coating catalyst has a low potential of 1.664 V at 10 mA cm−2 in a water‐splitting system. This work provids a new idea for designing inexpensive electrocatalysts.
Scales of Stability and Turbulence in the Molecular ISM
Authors: Keto Eric
Published: November 2024

We reanalyze the data of the BU‐FCRAO Galactic Ring Survey (GRS) to understand the dynamics of the turbulent molecular interstellar medium. We define molecular clouds by their spatial half‐power contours of 13CO‐integrated intensity, independent of a boundary based on thresholding or tiling. We find properties of hydrostatic equilibrium (HE) and virial equilibrium (VE), the former independent and the latter dependent on time and spatial scales. We suggest that HE is a stationary property of the turbulence and that molecular clouds are high‐density regions of a fluctuating component. The gravitational and turbulent kinetic energies within clouds are continuously evolving toward a time‐dependent VE with the fluctuating, external, turbulent pressure energy (PE) that can be treated parametrically owing to the shorter time scale for virialization. The average PE is comparable to the pressure of the multiphase ISM at the Galactic mid‐plane. Larson's scaling relations analyzed by different statistical methods are not significant. The nondimensional variances of size, line width, and column density are of comparable magnitude, ruling out the inference of constant column density. Previously unrecognized autocorrelations may have contributed to the apparent validity of the inference.
Wnt signalosomes: What we know that we do not know
Authors: Hartmann Heather , Siddiqui Ghalia Saad , Bryant Jamal , Robbins David J. , Weiss Vivian L. , Ahmed Yashi , Lee Ethan
Published: November 2024

Signaling through the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is relayed through three multiprotein complexes: (1) the membrane‐associated signalosome, which includes the activated Wnt receptors, (2) the cytoplasmic destruction complex that regulates turnover of the transcriptional coactivator β‐catenin, and (3) the nuclear enhanceosome that mediates pathway‐specific transcription. Recent discoveries have revealed that Wnt receptor activities are tightly regulated to maintain proper tissue homeostasis and that aberrant receptor upregulation enhances Wnt signaling to drive tumorigenesis, highlighting the importance of signalosome control. These studies have focused on the detailed process by which Wnt ligands engage their coreceptors, LRP5/6 and Frizzled. However, the components that constitute the signalosome and the regulation of their assembly remain undefined. In this review, we discuss Wnt/β‐catenin signalosome composition and the mechanisms that regulate signalosome assembly, including the role of biomolecular condensates and ubiquitylation. We also summarize the evidence for the presence of Wnt ligand‐independent signalosome formation.
Policy‐driven integrated reporting and integrated thinking: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Omran Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Drawing upon the institutional approach of legitimacy theory and Hofstede's cultural model, this study (a) examines the improvement of integrated thinking (IT) after applying integrated reporting (IR) policies, (b) compares the policy effects in policy‐driven adoption and voluntary adoption and (c) explores the cross‐country differences from the perspective of culture and policy convergence. We collect data from countries with corporate governance codes encouraging IR (i.e., Australia, Japan and Malaysia). We first use a difference‐in‐differences (DID) design to compare policy‐driven adoption with voluntary adoption in each country. Then, we use the treatment‐effect model to examine the influence of culture and policy convergence. The DID results indicate an increase in IT after applying IR policies, but the effect of IR policies on promoting IT is limited in policy‐driven adoption. The treatment effect model results show that power distance and uncertainty avoidance will promote IR adoption, and long‐term orientation and detailed guidance can mitigate the worse performance in policy‐driven adoption. Our suggestions may help countries adjust their IR policy to improve policy effectiveness based on different cultural settings. Furthermore, our study provides quantitative evidence of the relationship between policy‐driven IR and IT and innovative insights into the cross‐country analysis for further IR research.
Eco‐innovation for circular economy and sustainability performance: Insights and evidence from manufacturing firms
Authors: Mora‐Contreras Rafael , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Javier , Hernández‐Salazar Giovanni , Torres‐Guevara Luz Elba , Mejia‐Villa Andrés , Ormazabal Marta
Published: November 2024

Despite progress in the literature in understanding the relationships between barriers, drivers, and features of eco‐innovations (EIs) to promote the circular economy (CE) and improve companies' sustainability results, the evidence remains limited and diffuse. To address this gap, we investigate the effect of barriers, sources of information, and features of innovations and EIs on manufacturing companies' CE and sustainability performance. This longitudinal study used official Colombian government data from 3144 manufacturing companies (2015–2020), considering partial least squares structural equation modeling. Our results reveal that developing or adopting (eco‐) innovations with incremental features could cause a blockage in implementing high‐level CE and in improving their overall sustainability performance. Similarly, radical (eco‐) innovations need more evidence to clarify their impacts on CE and sustainability. Finally, we show that the improvement in environmental and CE performance attributed to (eco‐) innovations has a significant and positive impact on the company's economics.
CaMKII Exacerbates Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity by Promoting Ubiquitination Through USP10 Inhibition
Authors: Yang Yitong , Wang Zhenyi , Wang Nisha , Yang Jian , Yang Lifang
Published: November 2024

Background

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug, but it has a problem of cardiotoxicity that cannot be ignored. Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is tightly associated with the pathological progression of DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 10 (USP10) plays an important role in many biological processes and cancers. However, its association with DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity and CaMKII remains unclear.

Methods

H9C2 cells, HL‐1 cells and C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity model, and the CaMKII‐specific inhibitor KN‐93 and USP10 specific inhibitor Spautin‐1 were used to observe the CaMKII and USP10 effect. In cell experiments, CCK‐8 method was used to assess cell viability, LDH kit was used to assess lactate dehydrogenase expression, DCFH‐DA staining was used to observe changes in active oxygen content, TUNEL staining was used to observe cell apoptosis, and Western blotting method was used to detect relevant protein markers. The expression of p‐CaMKII and USP10 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. In animal experiments, mouse echocardiograph was used were used to evaluate cardiac function, and HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate myocardial injury. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blotting method was used to detect relevant protein markers.

Results

Our results demonstrated that activation of CaMKII and inhibition of USP10 pathway related to DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of CaMKII with KN‐93 ameliorated DOX‐induced cardiac dysfunction and cytotoxicity. In addition, CaMKII inhibition prevented DOX‐induced apoptosis and ubiquitination. Furthermore, CaMKII inhibition increased USP10 expression in DOX‐treated mouse hearts, H9C2 cells and HL‐1 cells. At last, the USP10 inhibitor, Spautin‐1, blocked the regulatory effect of CaMKII inhibition on apoptosis and ubiquitination in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that DOX‐induced myocardial apoptosis and activated CaMKII through cellular and animal levels, while providing a novel probe into the mechanism of CaMKII action: promoting ubiquitination by inhibiting USP10 aggravated apoptosis.
Synthesizing Lactic Acid by the Manganese‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethylene Glycol and Methanol
Authors: Ding Jiaqiao , Lv Shan , Shao Xiulan , Cui Bing , Zhao Mingqin , Shao Zhihui
Published: November 2024

Herein, an efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of lactic acid via the dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol with methanol is reported. The reaction is carried out under mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of CyPNP‐Mn as the catalyst and tBuOK as the base and is an example of the deoxygenative coupling of a lower alcohol to form lactic acid via elegant metal–ligand cooperation with a homogeneous non‐noble‐metal catalyst in >99% conversion and selectivity. This transformation proceeds at low catalyst loading (0.00625 mol%) with a high turnover number (TON) of up to 6080 for lactic acid.
Towards Sustainable Battery Recycling: Selective Desorption of Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) from Amino‐Polycarboxylate Derivate Ligands in Model Systems
Authors: Robeck Björn , Hoff Katharina , Horn Helena
Published: November 2024

Inter alia due to the high demand for lithium‐ion batteries, the required critical heavy metals have become a scarce resource. Consequently, effective recycling processes that enable the recovery of such materials are of high interest. A silica adsorbent functionalized with amino‐polycarboxylate derivate ligands (HSU331) was applied in order to selectively adsorb nickel(II) and cobalt(II). Subsequently, suitable parameters for a pH‐swing desorption were investigated. Maximum desorption efficiencies for Co(II) were achieved at pH = 2.7 (72 %) and for Ni(II) at pH = −0.5 (94 %). These results were used for the design of a pH‐shift desorption process in order to selectively recover Co(II) and regenerate the adsorbent after simultaneous adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II).
Impact of the P‐Ligand Concentration on the Formation of Hydroformylation Catalysts: An in situ FTIR Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Wei Chunhong , Leidecker Benedict N. , Peña Fuentes Dilver , Schröder Henning , Sawall Mathias , Neymeyr Klaus , Kondratenko Evgenii V. , Börner Armin , Franke Robert , Kubis Christoph
Published: November 2024

The formation of hydrido rhodium(I) complexes of the type [HRh(CO)3L] and [HRh(CO)2L2] from [Rh(acac)(CO)2]/L (L: bulky monophosphite ligand) requires a ligand‐to‐rhodium ratio [L]/[Rh] > 10 to prevent the possible partial generation of [Rh6(CO)16] under typical hydroformylation conditions. Significant fractions of formed [Rh6(CO)16] at lower ratios of [L]/[Rh] can be reactivated towards the hydrido complexes after the addition of the monophosphite ligand in the presence of synthesis gas. It was also found that [Rh6(CO)16] can be transformed by treatment with an excess of monophosphite ligand under inert gas to form a mononuclear complex of the type [L`Rh(CO)L] with an ortho‐metallated ligand.
Core‐Shell Catalyst Pellets for CO2 Methanation in a Pilot‐Scale Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Geschke Alexander , Zimmermann Ronny Tobias , Bremer Jens , Sundmacher Kai
Published: November 2024

Power‐to‐methane (PtM) offers an efficient opportunity for surplus renewable energy storage, but heat management is a major challenge for conducting the highly exothermic methanation reaction. To address this challenge, this study presents the first successful demonstration of core‐shell catalyst pellets in a pilot‐scale reactor for CO2 methanation. Experiments in a wall‐cooled fixed‐bed reactor are conducted with diluted and undiluted reactant feed under systematic variation of cooling temperature and inlet gas flow rate. The results show that core‐shell catalyst pellets significantly reduce the hot‐spot temperature while maintaining comparable reactant conversions to uncoated catalyst pellets at the same conditions. Additionally, core‐shell catalyst pellets allow for undiluted reactant feed at comparably low hot‐spot temperatures (approx. 600 °C).
Metal‐Free Nitration of Indazoles with tert‐Butyl Nitrile in Air to Prepare 3‐Nitroindazoles and 3‐Aminoindazoles
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Yue , Jiang Rong‐Ting , Pan Xiu‐Qun , Chen Chun‐Hua , Liang Cui , Mo Dong‐Liang
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive Summary

A variety of 3‐nitroindazoles and 3‐aminoindazoles were prepared in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity through TBN‐mediated nitration at the C3‐position of indazoles under the air conditions and sequential reduction. Mechanistic studies revealed that TBN played crucial roles to produce •NO2 radical source in the presence of air conditions and C3‐nitration of indazoles was initiated by N1‐nitration and sequential migration of NO2 group to C3‐position. Moreover, this method could be easily applied in the gram scalable synthesis of ibuprofen and ciprofibrate‐derived 3‐aminoindazoles. The present method highlights air as mild oxidant, metal‐free radical nitration of indazole, N—N bond formation and cleavage, and late‐stage modification of drugs.
Numerical Simulations for Calibration Setup for Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography Imaging Protocol
Authors: Marouf Abderahmane , Rahma Ahmed G. , Hoferer Isaline , Girot Charly , Pitre‐Champagnat Stephanie , Hoarau Yannick
Published: November 2024

This study presents an investigation of an innovative microfluidic flow separator using both numerical and experimental approaches to calibrate contrast‐enhanced ultrasound scanners. Numerical simulations were conducted using Lagrangian particles tracking and passive scalar transport methodologies using the OpenFOAM software. The experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of the numerical simulations, particularly at an imposed total pressure of , showing an excellent agreement in particle distributions. The study emphasizes the computational efficiency and modeling of passive scalar transport, providing valuable understanding into the behavior of scalar quantities in microfluidic systems. An optimized diffusion coefficient value of was identified, showing its critical role in achieving accurate simulation results and optimizing the performance of microfluidic flow separators for contrast‐enhanced ultrasound scanner calibration.
Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Pyramid‐Shaped Cu2ZnSnS4 Monocrystal and the Simulation of Its Monograin Layer Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Wenfeng , Zhu Xupeng , Liao Jun , Ru Qiang , Xue Shuwen , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2024

The Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) monocrystal as an important component of the optical absorption layer in monograin layer solar cells, has excellent crystallization characteristics and adjustable photogenerated carrier concentration. The shape of the CZTS monocrystal directly affects the utilization of incident light and the contact area during the preparation of the back electrode when they are densely packed to form a single‐layer absorption layer. Herein, a kesterite‐phase pyramid‐shaped CZTS monocrystal prepared by the molten salt method is reported, which can improve the efficiency of incident light utilization and increase the contact area during back electrode preparation. The X‐Ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy are used to characterize the crystallinity and crystal shape of pyramid‐shaped CZTS monocrystal. Besides, Finite‐Difference simulation calculation is employed to reveal the optical response and corresponding monograin layer solar cells performance of densely packed CZTS. The results show that the pyramid‐shaped structure exhibited excellent incident light trapping ability, and the simulated device achieves a cell efficiency with above 13.6% after parameter optimization. The work provides a method for preparing pyramid‐shaped CZTS monocrystal, and a new strategy to further improve the efficiency of CZTS‐based monograin layer solar cells.
Optimizing fungicide application timing for spring dead spot based on soil temperature and season
Authors: Hutchens W. J. , Booth J. C. , Goatley J. M. , Roberson T. L , McCall D. S.
Published: November 2024

Spring dead spot (SDS) (Ophiosphaerella spp.) is the most detrimental disease to warm‐season turfgrasses in areas with cold‐induced dormancy. Fungicide applications do not provide consistent SDS suppression. One reason for this inconsistency is the use of solely calendar‐based fungicide applications instead of considering both calendar date and soil temperature. A field study was conducted at three separate hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × transvaalensis Burtt Davy) locations in Virginia to determine the optimal soil temperature and timing for SDS suppression with tebuconazole and isofetamid. Tebuconazole (1.5 kg a.i. ha−1) and isofetamid (4.1 kg a.i. ha−1) were applied at 11 different timings throughout the year based on soil temperatures at a 0‐ to 10‐cm depth. Plots were assessed for SDS severity in the spring and early summer of 2021 and 2022. Two in vitro studies were also conducted with Ophiosphaerella herpotricha and Ophiosphaerella korrae isolates to (1) determine the optimal temperature for growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) placed on a thermogradient table (13–33°C) and (2) compare the daily growth rate of O. herpotricha and O. korrae isolates at 11, 19, and 27.5°C on PDA. In the field study, isofetamid suppressed SDS more than tebuconazole. Fall applications when soil temperatures were 13°C consistently provided the best SDS suppression. For the in vitro studies, both species grew optimally between 24 and 25°C, yet O. korrae and O. herpotricha growth rates differed at 11°C.
Effective Stabilization of Organic Cathodes Through Formation of a Protective Solid Electrolyte Interface Layer via Reduction
Authors: Wang Yonglin , Huang Zhe , Gao Xiguang , Fazaeli Razieh , Li Yuning
Published: November 2024

Organic electrode materials offer a promising alternative for lithium‐ion batteries due to their lower costs, reduced environmental impact, renewability, and high theoretical capacity. Among them, 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DHBQ) is a promising cathode material, but its high solubility in electrolytes leads to rapid capacity degradation of the battery. This study investigates the dilithium salt of DHBQ, Li2DHBQ, as a cathode material for LIBs. Despite its minimal solubility in the electrolyte, Li2DHBQ cathodes suffer rapid capacity decay due to severe morphological damage within the voltage range of 1.5–3.0 V. To achieve morphological stabilization, we promoted the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Li2DHBQ particles by lowering the discharge cutoff voltage. Cycling the battery with a 0.5 V discharge cutoff voltage achieved the optimal thickness and organic‐rich composition of the SEI layer, leading to significantly improved morphological stability of Li2DHBQ. Consequently, the battery maintained 170 mAh g−1 with a low decay rate of 0.16 % within a voltage range of 0.5–3.0 V after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1. Furthermore, initial cycling with a discharge cutoff voltage of 0.5 V for 20 cycles to form an SEI layer, followed by cycling at a normal discharge cutoff voltage of 1.5 V, retained an even higher capacity of 187 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1. These are significant improvements compared to the battery cycled only in the normal range of 1.5–3.0 V, which retained a capacity of 87 mAh g−1. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of forming a cathode SEI layer at low discharge voltages as a new approach to stabilizing organic cathode materials.
Amino Acid‐Based Ionic Liquids‐Aided CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Moazezbarabadi Ayeshe , Kammer Anja , Alberico Elisabetta , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: November 2024

This study explored the use of amino acid‐based ionic liquids to facilitate the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into methanol through catalytic hydrogenation. Combining tetrabutylammonium L‐argininate (TBA⋅Arg) with the ruthenium Ru‐MACHO‐BH complex allowed achieving significant yields of methanol under optimized conditions, with a turnover number (TON) up to 700. By systematically varying key reaction parameters, we demonstrated that the TBA⋅Arg ionic liquid promotes the efficient hydrogenation pathway leading to methanol formation, thus offering a sustainable approach to CO2 valorization. These findings underscore the potential of amino acid‐based ionic liquids in catalyzing the transformation of CO2 into valuable chemicals, contributing to carbon mitigation efforts.
Associations Between Gender Diversity and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Early Adolescence
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Li Karen , Kim Angela E. , Shao Iris Yuefan , Otmar Christopher D. , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , He Jinbo , Kiss Orsolya , Lavender Jason M. , Baker Fiona C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess associations between multiple dimensions of gender diversity with eating disorder symptoms in a national cohort of U.S. early adolescents.

Method

This cross‐sectional study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,092, M

age
 = 12.9 years, 2019–2021). Gender diversity was measured using multiple dimensions, including categorical gender identity (e.g., transgender, cisgender), categorical and continuous felt gender (congruence between gender identity and assigned sex), ordinal gender non‐contentedness (dissatisfaction with one's gender), and ordinal gender expression (communication of gender through appearance and mannerisms). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations among gender diversity measures and eating disorder symptoms, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Greater felt gender diversity was associated with self‐worth tied to weight (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11–1.53), binge eating (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.46), and distress with binge eating (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.59). Greater gender expression diversity was associated with self‐worth tied to weight (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.33), distress with binge eating (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04–1.51), and characteristics of binge eating episodes (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.06–1.66). Gender non‐contentedness was associated with self‐worth tied to weight (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.20–1.58) and compensatory behaviors related to weight gain (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.26). Transgender identity was not significantly associated with any eating disorder symptoms.

Discussion

We found that greater gender diversity across multiple dimensions was associated with various eating disorder symptoms, and that measures beyond binary gender identity may be important to assess gender diversity in early adolescence.
Interface triboelectricity
Authors: You Jing , Shao Jiajia , He Yahua , Sun Bobo , See Khay Wai , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Xiaolin
Published: November 2024

The exploration of triboelectricity at the liquid–solid (L‐S) interface has sparked significant interest due to its potential for sustainable energy harvesting and technological advancement. Motivated by the need for innovative energy solutions and the unique advantages offered by liquid‐based environments, a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts, mechanisms, and applications of liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is provided. Three basic working modes of liquid–solid TENGs and the distinct properties and mechanisms of each model are discussed systematically. The physical fundamental of liquid–solid TENGs is further investigated, which includes “Wang Transition”, Wang's Hybrid Electric Double Layer model, tribovoltaic effect, equivalent circuit model, and the mechanisms of liquid–solid contact electrification based on density functional theory. Understanding charge transfer and charge distribution at the liquid–solid interface is also crucial to confirm the underlying mechanisms of liquid–solid TENGs. Finally, a broad range of applications of liquid–solid TENGs are explored, emphasizing their potential in addressing energy challenges and complex interdisciplinary issues that link the disciplines of materials science, chemistry, physics, and even electrical engineering.
Substantial Insect Herbivory in a South African Savanna‐Forest Mosaic: A Neglected Topic
Authors: Maraia Heveakore , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Staver Ann Carla , Jorge Leonardo Re , Gélin Uriel , Jancuchova‐Laskova Jitka , Sam Legi , Hattas Dawood , Freiberga Inga , Sam Katerina
Published: November 2024

Insect herbivory plays a crucial role in shaping plant communities in many terrestrial ecosystems. However, in African savannas, insect herbivory has been relatively understudied compared to large mammalian herbivory. In this study, we examined the impact of insect herbivory, focusing on leaf chewers and miners, in a South African savanna‐forest mosaic (including patches of forest, thicket and savanna) in Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park, South Africa. Our investigation spanned gradients of rainfall, fire frequency and mammal density. We surveyed a total of 864 woody plants from 48 plant species in 38 plots. Insects consumed 6% of leaf biomass, which is comparable to their impact in temperate broadleaf forests, but the extent of herbivory damage varied between vegetation types. Overall, leaf loss was 70% higher in forests and savanna than that in thicket. Plants in the forests experienced greater damage from chewing insects, whereas miners caused relatively more damage in savannas. Rates of insect herbivory also varied among plant species, declining with carbon and dry matter content but increasing with specific leaf area. Although no significant trade‐off was detected between insect and mammal herbivory, plant species with limited physical defences against mammals tended to experience high levels of insect herbivory. Our findings highlight the intricate dynamics of insect herbivory in different vegetation types and suggest that insect leaf herbivory, alongside mammalian herbivory, could play a significant role in influencing plant community composition and overall savanna ecosystem functioning.
Fabulous but Forgotten Fucoid Forests
Authors: Thomsen Mads S. , Stæhr Peter A. U. , South Paul M.
Published: November 2024

Fucoid forests are areas dominated by marine brown seaweed in the taxonomic order Fucales that, like the better‐known marine foundation species—corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves—are threatened by anthropogenic stressors. Fucoid forests are fabulous and important because they, like the better‐known marine foundation species (i) span large areas, bioregions, and ecosystems, (ii) provide ecological functions such as high productivity, biodiversity, and habitat for iconic and endemic species, and (iii) support a variety of ecosystem services, like commercial fisheries, regulation of nutrients and carbon, and cultural values. Fucoid forests are, based on a new citation analysis, forgotten worldwide, because they are described orders of magnitude less than the better‐known marine foundation species, in ecology and marine biology textbooks, in Google Scholar and Scopus databases over scientific literature, and in recent reports and reviews about seaweed forests. Fucoid forests would be less forgotten if more people acknowledge their biological importance and societal value more often and equate their importance to that of the better‐known marine foundation species. To decrease the knowledge gap between fucoids and the better‐known foundation species, researchers and science communicators could join forces under a broad “fucoid umbrella,” establish stronger online presences, coordinate and collaborate on publications, and produce free eye‐catching non‐technical materials for teachers, managers, politicians, grass‐root organizations, philanthropists, and funding agencies.
eDNA Metabarcoding Analysis of Bony Fish Identification in Coastal Water of Gulf of Maine Using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction of 12S rRNA Universal Primers
Authors: Lee Bo‐Young , Milne Grant A. , Freedman Corwin , Miksis‐Olds Jenifer , Brown Bonnie L.
Published: November 2024

Ecosystems in coastal waters of Gulf of Maine (GOM) are undergoing environmental challenges in response to climate change and anthropogenic stressors. eDNA metabarcoding, a powerful tool for assessing the fish community structure, was used to identify fish communities in three types of GOM aquatic environments (sand, macroalgae, and eelgrass) in Maine and New Hampshire, USA. The available 12S rRNA fish universal primer analysis system (MiFish and 12S‐V5) was modified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to improve targeting of fish products and reduce non‐target products. The nested PCR strategy allowed successful amplification of 12S rRNA genes in fishes without production of non‐target products and identified 28 fish groups at the genus level. Presence/Absence data and Relative Abundance showed significant differences among locales but not among habitats. Myoxocephalus sp. were found at all sampling sites. Relative Abundance data revealed that Menidia menidia and Brevoortia sp. were statistical indicator species in Goosefare, Maine, and New castle, New Hampshire, respectively. Although beta diversity indicated that fish communities were not different across habitats, statistical analysis found that Pholis sp. and Ammodytes sp. were dominant species in macroalgae and sand, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first metabarcoding study to assess fish communities in the Western Atlantic region using the MiFish primer set, and the study suggests that metabarcoding is useful for mapping geographic and temporal marine fish diversity.
Temporal Study of Environmental DNA and Acoustic Data Reveals Coexistence of Sympatric Bat Species in a North American Ecosystem
Authors: Suresh Vrinda M. , Hébert Trevor , Verster Kirsten Isabel , Hadly Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2024

Bats are a species‐rich mammalian order that provide a host of ecosystem services, but presently face threats from habitat loss, disease, climate change, and insect declines. Bat species often co‐occur with other ecologically similar bats, making them a suitable group in which to study niche overlap and partitioning. This study aimed to compare different non‐invasive sources of data on wildlife populations, while examining dietary, temporal, and spatial partitioning patterns among sympatric bat species. We used two different methods to assess niche partitioning among insectivorous bats at a site in the San Francisco Bay Area, California: (1) eDNA sequencing of bat feces that were collected weekly from a bat roost, and (2) nightly acoustic recordings of ultrasonic bat calls from recorders at multiple sites. Both the eDNA and acoustic data were collected over the course of an entire roosting season in 2020. We hypothesized that the insectivorous bats at this site would rely on one or more niche partitioning mechanisms to promote interspecific coexistence and limit competition. We found evidence of fine‐scale spatial partitioning of the broad community of bat species in our study area based on acoustic data, as well as temporal differences in activity of different species. The two species using the roosting site, Tadarida brasiliensis and Eptesicus fuscus, displayed some differences in the identities and relative abundances of prey species consumed, but both ultimately exhibited a strong reliance on dipterans and aquatic‐dependent insects. We demonstrate differences between the acoustic data and eDNA data, which has implications for how such datasets may be interpreted in future research. The study finds evidence of some types of niche partitioning in this community and characterizes baseline interactions between species, providing a foundation for future efforts to non‐invasively monitor for unexpected biological change in local ecosystems.
B Cells With Complementary B Cell Receptors Can Kill Each Other
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ramakrishna Prabhu , Østrøm Marius Sigurdsson , Skjeldal Frode Miltzow , Bakke Oddmund , Bogen Bjarne , Huszthy Peter Csaba
Published: November 2024

B cells differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (BM) and migrate as transitional cells to the spleen where final maturation takes place. Due to the enormous diversity in variable (V) regions of B cell receptors for antigen (BCR), B cells with complementary BCRs are likely to be generated. These could encounter each other in the BM or in secondary lymphoid organs. The outcome of such an event is unknown. To study this issue, we used two strains of gene‐modified mice whose B cells display complementary BCRs. B cells of one strain express an idiotype+ (Id+) BCR while B cells of the other strain display an anti‐idiotypic (αId) BCR. In vitro, B cells with complementary BCRs killed each other in a mechanism that required physical binding between BCR V‐regions. In contrast, killing was unilateral in vivo: αId B cells with a follicular (FO) B cell phenotype were expanded, while Id+ B cells with a marginal zone (MZ) phenotype became deleted. The results show that B cells with complementary BCRs can recognize and regulate each other in vivo. This mechanism should be taken into account in theories for idiotypic regulation of the immune system.
Batch to Continuous Flow Visible‐Light Photooxidations Using Alumina Supported Hydroxyanthraquinones
Authors: Al Ayi Yahya , Pirenam Atakpa Augustin , Arab Cylia , Lancel Maxime , Amara Zacharias
Published: November 2024

The discovery of new environmentally friendly recyclable photosensitizers is key to develop future applications in photooxidation chemistry. We report here the evaluation of a set of differently substituted biobased hydroxyanthraquinones in the context of visible light mediated singlet oxygen (1O2) photochemistry. This class of compounds is efficiently immobilized on alumina supports, which offers a simple way of removing them from the reaction mixture downstream. An integrated process using a flow reactor with a fixed catalytic bed is also evaluated and its performance is compared with homogeneous conditions.
Acceptor End‐functionalization of Naphthalenediimide Bithiophene Oligomers
Authors: Matsidik Rukiya , Komber Hartmut , Burkhard Paul , Beer Daniel , Deibel Carsten , Sommer Michael
Published: November 2024

Oligomeric materials combine advantageous properties of both their small molecule and polymeric counterparts. Utilizing oligomers as non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has been shown to be extremely useful for the development of organic solar cells with high efficiency, reproducible performance and long‐term stability. Here we report on two series of synthetically simple acceptor‐terminated oligomers A−T2‐(NDI−T2)n‐A with naphthalene diimide (NDI) and bithiophene (T2) cores up to the trimer (n =1,2,3). Termination of the oligomers is done using the strong acceptors (A) dicyanomethylene‐indanone (IC) and rhodanine (RD). Upon acceptor termination in the presence of piperidine (pip) as base, oligomers with pip‐substituted tricyclic end groups are obtained in high yield. We investigate the effect of oligomer length and acceptor end group on opto‐electronic properties and crystallinity. Both IC‐ and RD‐termination increase electron affinity compared to the parent, non‐functionalized cores. UV‐vis absorption in solution slightly redshifts as the chain length increases without showing a distinct aggregation. Asymmetric termination with hexylphenyl‐substituted indacenodithiophene (IDT) and IC is also possible. All symmetric oligomers show a strong tendency for crystallization, with the oligomer having the tricyclic end group exhibiting the highest melting enthalpy and temperature. The asymmetric IDT−T2‐NDI−T2‐IC oligomer is amorphous.
Aryl Radicals Generated from Aryl Pinacol Boronates Modify Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Wu Dongqing , Holzinger Julian , Götz Rainer , Didier Dorian , Schütz Anne K. , Schneider Sabine , Kielkowski Pavel
Published: November 2024

We report here a distinct reaction, which generates aryl radicals from aryl pinacol boronates under mild aqueous conditions and can be used for peptide and protein modifications. The strategy leverages the versatile reactivity of aryl pinacol boronates to form aryl radicals in presence of ammonium persulfate (APS). The formed aryl radicals insert readily into peptide disulfide bonds while tolerating other functionalities. On the protein level, the reactivity extends beyond the disulfide bonds. The methodology benefits from the accessibility of starting aryl pinacol boronates, as well as biocompatible conditions. In contrast to conventional methods used for aryl radical generation, the strategy is metal‐free, does not require photoinduction and can be readily performed under aqueous conditions. The mechanism of the reactions was investigated by radical‐trapping experiments, spectroscopic analysis and oxygen scavenging. The presented approach broadens the application of aryl pinacol boronate esters in radical reactions.
Effects of concentric and eccentric exercise regimens on bioenergetic efficiency of lymphocytes in sedentary males
Authors: Peng Sheng‐Chiao , Lin Yu‐Ting , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Fu Tieh‐Cheng , Wang Jong‐Shyan
Published: November 2024

Eccentric exercise training (EET) increases physical performance while having lower metabolic demand than concentric exercise training (CET). Whether EET influences bioenergetic efficiency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of EET and CET on PBMC phenotypes and mitochondrial functions in blood. Thirty three sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either EET (n = 11) or CET (n = 11) that performed at progressively increased from 60% to 80% of maximal absolute workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks, or a control group (n = 11) that did not receive any exercise intervention. A graded exercise stress test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. PBMC phenotypes and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were analyzed using flowcytometry and high‐resolution respirometry, respectively. In the same absolute workload, EET elicited lower heart rate and rating of perceived exertion than CET. However, EET as CET increased the VO2 level at the ventilatory threshold. Notably, both EET and CET increased central memory (CD45RO+/CD62+/CD3+) T cells and decreased effector memory T cells reexpressing CD45RA (CD45RA+/CD62‐/CD3+). Moreover, the two exercise regimens diminished the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) caused by GXT, increased maximal/reserve O2 consumption rates (OCR), and bioenergetic health index in intact PBMCs and enhanced complex I‐/II‐related OCR in PBMCs with a substrate‐rich environment. EET improves aerobic fitness with a lower cardiovascular response to exercise than CET. Moreover, EET as CET reduces senescent T‐cell distribution in blood and improves PBMC bioenergetic efficiency by stabilizing ΔΨm and increasing capacity of oxidative phosphorylation.