bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long- and Short-Ranged Chiral Interactions in DNA Assembled Plasmonic Chains
Authors: Martens Kevin , Binkowski Felix , Nguyen Linh , Hu Li , Govorov Alexander , Burger Sven , Liedl Tim
Published: November 2020

Molecular chirality plays a crucial role in innumerable biological processes. The chirality of a molecule can typically be identified by its characteristic optical response, the circular dichroism (CD). CD signals have thus long been used to identify the state of molecules or to follow dynamic protein configurations. In recent years, the focus has moved towards plasmonic nanostructures, as they show potential for applications ranging from pathogen sensing to novel optical materials. The plasmonic coupling of the individual elements of such chiral metallic structures is a crucial prerequisite to obtain sizeable CD signals. We here identified and implemented various coupling entities - chiral and achiral - to obtain chiral transfer over distances close to 100 nm. The coupling is realized by an achiral nanosphere situated between a pair of gold nanorods that are arranged far apart but in a chiral fashion. We synthesized these structures with nanometer precision using DNA origami and obtained sample homogeneity that allowed us to directly demonstrate efficient chiral energy transfer between the distant nanorods. The transmitter particle causes a strong enhancement in amplitude of the CD response, the emergence of an additional chiral feature at the resonance frequency of the nanosphere, and a redshift of the longitudinal plasmonic resonance frequency of the nanorods. Numerical simulations closely match our experimental observations and give insights in the intricate behavior of chiral optical fields and the transfer of plasmons in complex architectures.
Solitary Fibrous Tumour of Cheek: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Yadav Subhash , Kane Shubhada
Published: November 2020

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), an uncommon spindle cell neoplasm is believed to be of mesenchymal origin and usually presents as pleural based mass. SFT are rare in the head-neck region but are extremely uncommon intra-orally. The patient was a young male who presented with difficulty in mouth opening. Examination revealed a submucosal nodule on the buccal surface which was histologically and immunohistochemically proven to be SFT. Authors wish to discuss the case due to its rarity and diagnostic difficulties due to many common histological mimickers at that site.
Evaluation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Markers E-Cadherin and Vimentin in Carcinoma Cervix
Authors: R Naveen Kumar , Ahluwalia Charanjeet , Malik Sunita , Arora Rashmi
Published: November 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common in developing areas. Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, one of the critical elements in invasion, progression and metastasis of tumour. This study highlights the expression of epithelial mesenchymal markers E-cadherin and vimentin in carcinoma cervix and whether there is any association of expression of these markers with grade of cervical cancer.

Objectives:

To study the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers

E-cadherin and vimentin in cervical cancer.

To correlate the immunohistochemical expression of these markers with grade of cervical cancer.

Methods: 30 cases (n=30) of carcinoma cervix & 30 controls (n=30) of non specific cervicitis diagnosed on H&E were included in this study. H&E stained sections was examined for histological type and grade. Immunohistochemistry for E-Cadherin and Vimentin was performed in all these cases.

Result: Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and of mesenchymal marker vimentin was correlated with the grade of cervical carcinoma. The expression of E-cadherin is reduced and expression of vimentin is increased with increasing grades of carcinoma cervix.

Conclusion: The expression of these EMT markers can be used as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer that are in high risk of progression.
Reactive Thrombocytosis – Aetiology And Relationship with Different Hematological Parameters, ESR, CRP in Infections
Authors: Garg Bhavana , Shah Menka
Published: November 2020

Background: The measurements of platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), WBC are routinely available nowadays. The aim of this study was to determine aetiology and relationship of these parameters whether they were associated with the known markers of disease activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in infections.

Methods: This descriptive study was done on 500 patients with platelet count > 450,000/ μl and the cause being reactive. Platelet count, WBC, MPV, ESR, and CRP were measured at the time of hospitalization.

Result: Most common cause of reactive thrombocytosis was Infections (28.8%), Tissue damage (16.4%), Iron deficiency anemia (16.2%), Malignancy (9.6%) and Inflammation (9.4%). In infections, bacterial infections (88%) were found to be more common. There was low degree of positive correlation between reactive thrombocytosis and WBC (r = 0.124, P >0.05) , ESR ( r = .147, P= 0.07) , MPV ( r = .077, P >0.05) in infections. There was significant negative correlation between reactive thrombocytosis and CRP in infections (r = -.199, P= 0.017).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher level of platelet count and lower MPV in all the patients having reactive thrombocytosis irrespective of it’s etiology. There was low degree of positive correlation between platelet count and WBC, ESR and MPV in infections and a significant negative correlation with CRP. We propose that platelet parameters may be considered as reliable markers for assessment of disease activity.
Aleukemic myeloid sarcoma of small intestine: masquerading as subacute intestinal obstruction: Review of literature
Authors: Joshi Vidushi , Gahlot Gaurav PS , Ahuja Ankur , Chatterjee Tathagata , BS Sunita
Published: November 2020

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary disease of immature myeloid cells with incidence of 1-2% among all acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Less than twenty cases of aleukemic MS with initial presentation as intestinal mass have been described in the English literature.

Case report: Here we report a case of 45 year old female with normal haematology workup who presented with acute abdominal pain and distension. On evaluation, she was found to have ileocolic intussusception of gangrenous bowel, so managed by limited right hemicolectomy and initially reported as Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).During follow-up she was found to have a globular mass in right lumbar region that was diagnosed as myeloid sarcoma. On further followup, her TLC count was gradually increasing. 

Conclusion: The index case highlights the unusual presentation of isolated intraabdominal MS which was clinical diagnosed as subacute intestinal obstruction in a young female with normal hematological profile.
Spectrum of Synovial Sarcoma-clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Correlation
Authors: GV Sunandalakshmi , Chougani Sujitha , Kharidehal Durga , V Ravi Sankar , Vissa Santhi
Published: November 2020

Background: Synovial sarcoma is the common adult soft tissue sarcomas affects the lower extremities. In poor resource settings, characterization by molecular methods may not be feasible always. This study is aimed to evaluate Sensitivity and Specificity of Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1) immunohistochemical expression in Synovial sarcomas (SS) and its histological mimics and to study the clinicopathological features of Synovial sarcoma.

Method: A prospective study of two years duration from September 2013 to September 2015 conducted at the Department of Pathology, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Redhills, Hyderabad. Total number of Synovial sarcomas was 30. All original H & E section of the tumor are reviewed and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was carried out on TLE1 mouse monoclonal antibody (TMA) blocks using TLE1 Antibody.

Results: The Median age was 30 years. The most common site of involvement was lower limbs. The most common mode of presentation was painless swelling. The most common variant of Synovial sarcoma was monophasic Spindle in 19 cases. Total number of TLE1 positive cases of Synovial sarcoma was 93.3%. Total number of SS mimics   showing TLE1 positivity was30%. TLE1 showed Sensitivity 93.3% and Specificity- 73.3%.  In the present study negative predictive value is 91.6% and the positive predictive value is 77.7%.

Conclusion: All small round blue cell tumors should be kept in mind while diagnosing poorly differentiated SS. TLE1 is a very sensitive marker for synovial sarcoma.TLE 1 is a highly sensitive marker for synovial sarcoma, but is less specific because of its positive expression in other mesenchymal tumors.
Utility of Urine Reagent Strips in CSF Analysis as An Aid to Rapid Diagnosis of Meningitis
Authors: R Abhirami Ganesh , H Prabhu M
Published: November 2020

Background: Bacterial Meningitis is a medical emergency and timely intervention has an implication on the prognosis and outcome. Examination of the CSF for leucocytes, glucose and proteins are the cornerstones in the diagnosis of meningitis in general and to arrive at the cause. Hence, this study is done to evaluate the usefulness of urinary reagent strip for rapid diagnosis of meningitis.

 

Methods: This is a prospective single blinded study on 100 CSF samples subjected to index test (Urine reagent strip test-Dirui H10) and definitive test comprised of CSF microscopy and biochemical analysis for proteins and sugar. The diagnostic accuracy of each index test at different cut off levels tabulated in the form of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV.

 

Result: The sensitivity and specificity for leukocytes by the strip method for ≥15 cells/cumm were 92% and 98.66%, and for protein levels >30 mg/dl were 84.33% and 94.11% respectively. The test showed high specificity (100%) but less sensitivity for glucose <50mg/dl. It was observed that the accuracy of the tests increased with increase in the values of cell counts and proteins and decrease in sugar reaching 100% accuracy for higher cut-offs.

 

Conclusion: Urine reagent strip can be utilized for the rapid analysis of CSF in both rural areas as well as in centres where the facility is available as it reduces turnaround time.
Establishing the P-T path of UHT granulites by geochemically distinguishing peritectic from retrograde garnet
Authors: Jiao Shujuan , Evans Noreen J. , Guo Jinghui , Fitzsimons Ian C. W. , Zi Jian-Wei , McDonald Bradley J.
Published: November 2020

The P-T evolution (and particularly the prograde path segment) of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites is commonly ambiguous, hampering our understanding of deep crustal processes. Here, we establish the P-T path by distinguishing garnet origin (peritectic or retrograde) based on the combined Ca, Ti, Zr, and Y+REE chemical signatures, using the residual UHT granulites of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton, as a test case. In these rocks, peritectic garnet is characterized by rare inclusions, whereas retrograde garnet has overprinted the main foliation and is characterized by abundant biotite and sillimanite inclusions, which are interpreted to have grown together with retrograde garnet during cooling. Zirconium in peritectic garnet increases from 10 to 50 ppm with garnet growth. In contrast, Zr in retrograde garnet generally decreases from 60 to 10 ppm with garnet growth. A similar trend is observed for Ti. Temperatures calculated from the Ti-in-garnet geothermometer increase from 830 to 980 °C based on Ti in peritectic garnet, indicating prograde partial melting, whereas decrease from 900 to 700 °C based on Ti in retrograde garnet, indicating post-peak cooling. Peritectic and retrograde garnets show distinct Eu/Eu* (0.2–0.5 vs. 0.05–0.2, respectively) and Ca contents (6000–12 000 vs. 4000–6000 ppm, respectively), which generally decrease with progressive garnet crystallization. The pressures calculated from the Ca-in-garnet geobarometer in peritectic and retrograde garnet are 9–11 and 7–9 kbar, respectively. Peritectic garnet shows a bell-shaped Y (80–340 ppm) pattern, whereas retrograde garnet shows an increase in Y content (20–100 ppm) toward rims. Taken together, these results establish a P-T path comprised of an earlier high-pressure peritectic garnet formation during prograde partial melting before the UHT peak and a late abundant retrograde formation during post-peak cooling stage. We conclude that change of Zr and other elements (e.g., Ti, Ca, Y, and Eu/Eu*) can well distinguish different garnet formation events in UHT granulites, which is critical for the P-T path establishment, and further sheds light on the cause of UHT metamorphism and the geodynamic evolution.
WHY THE ENACTMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING PROJECT FAILS? CASE STUDY OF TUNISIAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
Authors:   ijar, Ben Slimene Samar
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes to define the factors of failure of the environmental scanning(ES) project after its enactment by Tunisian industrial companies. It is based on an in-depth study of the ES through research based on an inductive approach that spanned several months. This enabled us to carry out 8 semi-structured interviews in the premises of seven companies with an average duration of one and a half hours. The analysis of these interviews in relation to the data specific to each company, allowed us not only to observe the behaviors, the operations and the exchanges of information within each device, but also to understand the factors of failure of the ES process.We were able to identify several factors that led to the malfunction and even to the abandonment of this project.
ELECTIVE INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
Authors:   Associate consultant of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Institute, Embaba, Giza, Egypt., A. Elbadawy Mohamed , A. Elshafey Mhmoud ,   Lecturer of cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt., Abdelhady Mohamed ,   Associate consultant of Cardiology, National Heart Institute, Embaba, Giza, Egypt., Sobhyemara Mona ,   Lecturer of Anesthesia, Faculty Of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt., Sobhyemara Ahmed ,   Lecturer of cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:Preoperative electiveintra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)prompts improve result in helpless left ventricular function patients going throughcoronary artery bypass graft (CABG).The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump treatment on postoperative cardiac performance, morbidity and mortality. Method:a prospective, cohort study was conducted on 40 patients with preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction< 40%, who went throughcoronary artery bypass graft. These patients were divided preoperatively into two groups:Group I (N.=20) received intraaortic balloon pump insertion 1-2 hours prior to aortic cross clamp.Group II (N.= 20) control group who did not receive intra-aortic balloon pump preoperatively. Results:Both group were matched regarding age, sex distribution and body surface area,mean cardiac index in group I wassignificantly higher(2.5± 0.21 vs. 2±0.32) (P<0.0001). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time in group I was significantly less (72.56± 21.62 vs. 86.68±20.57) (P=0.04).The ventilation time (hours) and total intensive care unit stay (days) were significantly less in group I (p<0.0001). Conclusion: poor left ventricular function patients going through coronary artery bypass grafting possibly need perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump support to diminish morbidity and mortality.
TO STUDY THE CATEGORY II CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH UMBILICAL CORD PH
Authors:   Senior Resident at SRMS Bareilly., Behra Sonal , Agarwal Namita ,   Senior Resident at SRMS Bareilly., Sinha Mridu ,   Senior Resident at SRMS Bareilly., Goel J.K ,   Hod & Professor Obs and Gynae Department Srms, Bareilly.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The purpose of intra-partum fetal monitoring is to identify early signs of developing hypoxia. Electronic fetal monitoring is performed using cardiotocograph, which is a paper record of the fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns plotted simultaneously in relation to uterine activity. In low resource settings umbilical cord artery blood gas analysis can provide important information about the fetuses exposed to intrapartum hypoxaemic events and can distinguish the infant at high risk for asphyxia and related sequelae. The aim of this study was to correlate intrapartum CTG findings with umbilical cord blood pH at birth in term pregnancies in labour and thus evaluate the success of CTG in predicting fetala cidosis during labour. Methods:The present study included 100 women with term singleton pregnancies in labour and with Category II according to NICHD 2008 Classification (Adapted by ACOG 2013). Umbilical cord arterial blood was taken immediately after birth, in a pre-heparinised syringe and sent to the laboratory for pH study to detect acidosis. Cord blood pH <7.2 was taken as acidosis and cord blood pH ≥7.2 was taken as normal Results: Among 100 patients, 78 had normal cord pH and 22 had abnormal cord pH(<7.20). On intrapartum CTG, maximum patients in our study group had variable decelerations,followed by decreased variability(<5bpm) and absent induced acceleration on fetal stimulation. Late decelerations and fetal bradycardia were observed to have most significant correlation with fetal acidosis. Conclusions: From the analysis of this study, it can be concluded that an abnormal CTG should be managed appropriately, without delay, in order to prevent acidosis in the neonate. The obstetrician should be more vigilant in cases of Cat II CTG tracings with bradycardia and late decelerations and monitor such labours closely.
NOMENCLATURAL STATUS OF ELAEOCARPUSSERRATUS VAR. WEIBELIIZMARZTY (ELAEOCARPACEAE)
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India-695562., Shareef S.M , Mathew S.P. ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India-695562., Shaju T. ,   Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India-695562.
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes to elevate the status of Elaeocarpusserratus var. weibelii described by Sue Zmarzty from the southern Western Ghats of the Peninsular India.
INHERITANCE MANAGEMENT BY BAITULMAL IN MALAYSIA: ROLE AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Yazid Ahmad Md , Azziaty Rozali Ermy ,   Research Centrefor Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,   Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Ilyana Muhd Adnan Nurul ,   Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Zakaria Zamzuri ,   Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Fakhri Omar Anwar ,   Research Centre for Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Azraai Jamsari Ezad ,   Research Centrefor Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Adila Mohd Noor Nor ,   Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, UiTM Cawangan Terengganu, Dungun Campus, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Published: November 2020

In Malaysia, division of inheritance is based on the Shafie madhhab (school of law), whereby when there is a surplus of inheritance after distribution to rightful heirs or when there are no rightful heirs, the residual inheritance is surrendered to the Baitulmal. However, there are challenges which need to be dealt with by Baitulmal in order that the inheritance may be utilised for the well-being of the whole society. Hence, the objective of this article is to highlight the basic conceptual framework and role of Baitulmal in addition to identifying the challenges in management of inheritance vested in Baitulmal. This qualitative research applies a content analysis design, and results are elaborated and presented descriptively. Research results find that there are differences between Baitulmals role during the golden age of Islam and its unique practice in Malaysia. Besides that, there are challenges identified in management of inheritance by Baitulmal which need to be overcome and harmonised in order to preserve the maslahah (public interest) and public welfare of the entire Muslim society in Malaysia.
SIRNA GENE THERAPY: A REVIEW
Authors: Nayak Ketul , Panchal Hiral , Patel Shivani , Desai Devam
Published: November 2020

RNA inference is new concept in gene therapy it acts by expression of specific genes to treat various diseases like cancer. It is also called as RNAi. In presence of dicer enzyme long double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is cut to small interfering RNAs called SiRNAs. SiRNAs are part of RNAi. It is mainly pursued for cancer therapy. It is the new promising agent which can produce specific gene expression and also post transcriptional gene regulation process for disease treatment. In this current review I gathered lots of basic information about SiRNA like its structure, design, delivery system etc in short sweet manner.
CULTURAL AND IDENTITY SURVIVAL OF THE MALAY-MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN PERTH, AUSTRALIA
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Karimah Ismail Napisah , Bee Mohd Hussain Rosila ,   Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Kamal Mujani Wan ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Azraai Jamsari Ezad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Mohd Nasir Badlihisham ,   Academy of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia., Suryani Mat Resad Izziah ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the culture of the Malay minority which migrated to Perth, Australia from the Islamic aspect of identity. The purpose of this research is to identify the form and characteristics of Islamic and Malay cultural identity of this community, based on literature collection and field study through interviews and observation in Perth. Research finds that this Australian Malay minority has an identity and culture as well as Islamic characteristics almost similar to the parent Malay community in the Malay Archipelago. They are also proud of their identity and admit that they are Malays practising Islamic teachings even though living in a Westernised country of different religions and cultures. The three elements that preserve their Malay identity are adherence to Islamic religion, practising Malay culture and communication in the Malay language. There is no hindrance for them to practise Malay culture and observe Islamic teachings as Australia adopts a multicultural policy whereby citizens have the liberty to practice their respective cultures. The Islamic characteristics overtly displayed are rituals, particularly in aspects of Ibadah (worship) and observance of Islamic events and Eid celebrations. The style of physical appearance accentuated in the traditional design of apparel and home décor reflect Islamic and Malay cultural characteristics of the Archipelago.
Projection of important climate variables in large cities under the CMIP5–RCP scenarios using SDSM and fuzzy downscaling models
Authors: Shakeri Hossein , Motiee Homayoun , McBean Edward
Published: November 2020

Climate change impacts are among the many challenges facing management of large cities. This study assesses the important climate variables under climate change impacts in Tehran, Iran, for 2021–2040. Eight Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) models under the scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6), RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 were used, and seven climate variables were projected utilizing the Fuzzy DownScaling Model (FDSM) and the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). The FDSM and SDSM results underline the high performance of both models and the important capability of the FDSM, showing the increasing trend of annual changes in mean temperature (Tmean) and maximum temperature (Tmax), precipitation, and the mean wind speed (Wmean). The maximum increase of annual average in Tmean and Tmax and the Wmean among all scenarios will be in the order of 1.29 °C, 1.57 °C, and 0.8 m/s (for RCP8.5), and also the maximum increases of annual average precipitation will be 10 mm (for RCP2.6). Furthermore, the monthly long-term averages of Tmean and Tmax in all three scenarios show significant increases in summer. For precipitation, relative stability in summer, and increases in winter and early spring are predicted, but the changes in minimum temperature, relative humidity, and sunshine hours indicate relative stability.
Laboratory efficacy of surface disinfection using chlorine against Vibrio cholerae
Authors: String Gabrielle M. , Gutiérrez Eduardo Vargas , Lantagne Daniele S.
Published: November 2020

Disinfecting surfaces with chlorine is commonly conducted in cholera outbreaks to prevent ongoing fomite-based transmission, yet evidence gaps have led to contradictory guidance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of spraying and wiping chlorine on five representatives non-porous and five porous surfaces to remove Vibrio cholerae. In total, 120 disinfection tests were run in replicate on carriers inoculated with 1.02 × 107–1.73 × 108V. cholerae CFU/cm2. Surfaces disinfected by spraying 0.2% chlorine had >3 log reduction value (LRV) on 7/10 and 9/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 9/10 and 10/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively. Surfaces disinfected by wiping 0.2% chlorine had >3 LRV on 3/10 and 7/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min, respectively; and 2.0% chlorine on 8/10 surfaces at 1 and 10 min. We found no significant differences between chlorine types (p < 0.05), higher reductions with spraying compared to wiping (p = 0.001), and lower reductions on porous compared to non-porous surfaces (p = 0.006 spraying and p < 0.001 wiping). Our results support using 0.2% chlorine sprayed on all surfaces, or wiped on most non-heavily soiled surfaces, and a 2.0% concentration on contaminated porous surfaces; and emphasize surfaces must be visibly wetted to achieve disinfection.
Isolation and identification of free-living amoebae isolated from well water in Istanbul
Authors: Üstüntürk-Onan Miray
Published: November 2020

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa commonly found in water and soil environments. FLA belonging to various genera, including Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Naegleria, and Vermamoeba, can cause opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans and animals such as keratitis or meningoencephalitis. In addition, some of them serve as hosts for a large number of pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence and molecular characterization of FLA in well water samples in İstanbul. Ten well water samples were collected from the taps and the presence of FLA was monitored both by the culture and polymerase chain reaction methods. FLA were isolated in 8 out of the 10 samples (80%) included in this study. Morphological analysis and partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA revealed the presence of Acanthamoeba genotypes T3 and T4, and Vermamoeba vermiformis in the investigated well water samples. This study reports for the first time the detection of Acanthamoeba genotype T3 in well water samples in İstanbul. The presence of potentially pathogenic amoebae in habitats related to human activities supports the relevance of FLA as a potential public health concern.
An analysis of the influences of groundwater level changes on the frost heave and mechanical properties of trapezoidal channels
Authors: Guo Fuqiang , Li Gangtie , Cheng Manjin
Published: November 2020

In this research study, platforms with different heights were established for the purpose of simulating the different groundwater level conditions. Combined with the prototype channel, the influences of the groundwater level changes on the frost heave deformations in the foundation soil and on the frost heave force of the channel, as well as on the bending moment of the channel section and water content migration of the foundation soil, were studied by the method of mechanical analysis. The research results show that, after a comparative analysis of the ground temperatures in the same layer had been completed, the difference value was found to have been less than 5%. The frost heave of the foundation soil had decreased by 0.15 cm for every 1 cm reduction in the groundwater level. In addition, the maximum frost heave force of the channel was shown to have varied with the change of groundwater level. This study's theoretical calculations determined that the most unsafe groundwater level of a typical channel was 2.61 m. It was concluded that the increase of groundwater level can reduce the amount of soil moisture transfer, while the influence of groundwater level on frost heave of foundation soil can be effectively reduced by laying polystyrene boards.
Reducing water withdrawals: the negotiation and implementation of environmental policy in the Durance River Basin, France
Authors: Laurenceau Martin , Molle François , Grau Martin
Published: November 2020

Many parts of Europe are facing an increased risk of water scarcity and a potentially disastrous impact on freshwater ecosystems. In line with the Water Framework Directive and the 2006 Water Act, France developed the Sustainable Withdrawals Reform (SWR) in 2008, which aimed to restore a balance between the available water resources and people's needs across the country by 2017. While the literature has generally focused on the economics of e-flow policy instruments, few studies have analysed the politics of their implementation at the local level or how local interests and strategies influence the process. Inspired by the political sociology of policy instruments, and based on in-depth case studies in two catchments of the Durance River Basin (in southeast France), we argue that in order to achieve e-flows in such catchments, the SWR eventually encouraged new capital-intensive water transfers. Beyond their technical aspects, these infrastructure projects engender new hydro-social configurations by modifying irrigation technology and agricultural practices, as well as the spatial control of water. The impact of these projects on the environment remains uncertain. The discussion focuses on the role of key intermediaries and shows how the framing of negotiations leads certain stakeholders and issues to be excluded from the implementation process.
Modern Jus Post Bellum – Finding a New Branch of International Justice and Law
Authors: Lech Marcin
Published: November 2020

The arguments put forward in this article concern ideas about jus post bellum as an urgently needed and hopefully emerging branch of a new international legal order based on fully reasoned ethical principles. The presented views refer to justifying this new international legal order with respect to the necessary parallel transformation of the utility of armed response and, particularly, lethal force to meet modern-day and future conflicts. While it is possible to find at least partial answers, many more questions for future development will emerge in order to truly establish what promotes and fulfils the actual achievement of a stable, safe, lasting, and just peace. Therefore, the object of this research into the legal and ethical possibilities is primarily to assess the quality of a new conceptualisation of international justice and law. This allows for the formation of new law jus post bellum and the nature of peace, which might induce the necessary sociopolitical transformation to sustain a just peace. The exclusive reference to moral obligations in the theorisation of the transition from conflictto peace too often fails to recognise the existing framework of the legal rules and principles involved. While analysed from the perspective of International humanitarian Law and the perspective of the independence of nation-states, it characterises asymmetric warfare and the question about the causes driving states’ and other communities’ actions, particularly casus belli. The new interdisciplinary rethinking exposed below can only result in a complex conclusion because jus post bellum in the age of global transitional justice could prepare new judicial frameworks, as well as true and real justice after the end of war.
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Management of Infertility
Authors: Kalkanli Arif , Akdere Hakan , Cevik Gökhan , Salabas Emre , Cilesiz Nusret Can , Kadioglu Ateş
Published: November 2020

Background:

Medical treatments are used either alone or in combination with assisted reproductive
techniques for the treatment of infertile patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. A wide range of treatment
options such as gonadotropins, aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
and their combination are available as options.

Objective:

The aim of this review was to evaluate treatment options for the infertile men with hypergonadotropic
hypogonadism.

Methods:

A literature search of MEDLINE (1980-2019) was conducted using the terms ‘hypogonadism’, ‘male
infertility’, ‘gonadotropins’, ‘SERMs’ and ‘AIs’. Pathologies leading to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and
treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and surgical treatment were discussed.

Results:

FSH increases spontaneous pregnancy rates but the level of evidence was proven to be low for live birth
rates. AIs are valid treatment options for patients with low T/E2 ratio as they significantly increase sperm concentrations.
SERMs are recommended for infertile males with a sperm concentration between 10-20 million.
Varicocele was reported to increase testosterone levels of hypogonadic infertile males.

Conclusion:

Medical treatment modalities such as gonadotropins, SERMs, AIs and a combination of these therapies
has been showed to have some effect in improvement of fertility but is not mainstream of the treatment.
Extremal (n,m)-Graphs w.r.t General Multiplicative Zagreb Indices
Authors: Javed Aisha , Jamil Muhammad Kamran , Liu Jia-Bao , Ali Akbar
Published: November 2020

Background::

A topological index of a molecular graph is the numeric quantity which can predict certain physical
and chemical properties of the corresponding molecule. Xu et al. introduced some graph transformations which increase or
decrease the first and second multiplicative Zagreb indices and proposed a unified approach to characterize extremal (n, m)-
graphs.

Method::

Graph transformations are used to find the extremal graphs, these transformations either increase or decrease the
general multiplicative Zagreb indices. By applying the transformations which increase the general multiplicative Zagreb indices
we find the graphs with maximal general multiplicative Zagreb indices and for minimal general Zagreb indices we use
the transformations which decrease the index.

Result::

In this paper, we extend the Xu’s results and show that the same graph transformations increase or decrease the first
and second general multiplicative Zagreb indices for . As an application, the extremal acyclic, unicyclic and
bicyclic graphs are presented for general multiplicative Zagreb indices.

Conclusion::

By applying the transformation we investigated that in the class of acyclic, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs,
which graph gives the minimum and the maximum general multiplicative Zagreb indices.
The Efficacy of a Group-Based Exercise Program for Postmenopausal Women: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Barnett Fiona , Sealey Rebecca
Published: November 2020

Background:

Exercise has many physiological and psychosocial benefits for postmenopausal
women. Previous research has shown that sedentary postmenopausal women of North
Queensland perceive a number of barriers to exercise; however, when they are given the right opportunity,
they perceive it as a positive experience.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine whether an 8-week aerobic and resistance group-based
exercise intervention had an effect on the physiological and psychosocial health of postmenopausal
women living in North Queensland. A secondary aim was to explore the participatory experiences
of women.

Methods:

A total of thirty-three postmenopausal women volunteered for the intervention, which
consisted of group-based circuit style sessions three times per week, incorporating aerobic and resistance
exercises. Primary outcome measures included blood pressure, blood lipids, body mass
index and waist-to-hip ratio, cardiorespiratory fitness, peripheral bone density, and strength. Secondary
measures included exercise self-efficacy and menopausal quality of life using the Menopause-
Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL). Focus groups were conducted post-intervention
to discuss participants’ exercise experiences.

Results:

A total of twenty-six women completed the eight-week program. Significant increases
were found in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.00), upper body strength (p=0.00), lower body strength
(p=0.00), exercise self-efficacy (p=0.00), and the MENQOL psychosocial (p=0.01), physical
(p=0.00) and sexual (p=0.01) domains. Waist girth (p=0.01) and triglycerides (p=0.02) were significantly
decreased. Participants also reported that they had more motivation and confidence, increased
strength, and improved functional activities, and also experienced the disappearance of pain
and positive feelings from the intervention. Participants mostly enjoyed the social effect, the lack of
feeling self-conscious, the friendly competitiveness, and the facilitator.

Conclusion:

An 8-week group-based exercise intervention can improve the physiological and psychosocial
health of postmenopausal women. Sedentary postmenopausal women can have a positive
exercise experience, which may increase the likelihood of future exercise participation.
Sensor Reliability Evaluation Index System for Main Equipment of Power Distribution IoT
Authors: Li Lisheng , Li Yuancheng , You Xinhong , Su Guoqiang , Li Shuai , Yang Rongyan
Published: November 2020

Background:

Power distribution Internet of Things is a smart service system in which
traditional distribution networks comprehensively apply modern computing technologies, such as
cloud computing, mobile Internet of Things, and big data to realize the interconnection of all things
in the power system and human-computer interaction. In the power distribution Internet of Things,
there are many types of main power distribution equipment, and each type of power distribution
equipment is connected with multiple sensor devices. These sensor devices play an important role
in the smooth operation of the power distribution Internet of Things, so it is necessary to build a reliability
evaluation system for these sensor devices.

Objectives:

The objective was to evaluate the reliability of the sensor device connected to the main
equipment in the power distribution Internet of Things.

Methods:

Firstly, the G1-CV method (entropy weight method-coefficient of variation method) is
used to construct the initial evaluation index system, and the comprehensive weight of each index
is determined and ranked. Then the improved TriMap algorithm (ITriMap) is used to reduce the
high-dimensional complex index system.

Results:

Simulation verification results show that the algorithm has a smaller reconstruction error
than traditional dimensionality reduction algorithms such as t-SNE, Largr-Vias, UMAP, etc. The
reduced index can scientifically and objectively measure the main equipment sensors of the power
distribution network.

Conclusion:

An index reduction method based on the ITriMap algorithm is proposed to evaluate
the reliability of sensors. Experimental results show that this algorithm greatly reduces the reconstruction
error compared to other traditional methods.

Discussion:

In the future, on the basis of this article, we intend to construct a sensor reliability
evaluation model for the main equipment of the power distribution Internet of Things using the 5-
dimensional features after dimensionality reduction as input.
“Conversa de Arqueólogos” – Divulgar a Arqueologia em tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Dias Diogo Teixeira
Published: November 2020

The “Conversas de Arqueólogos” were informal events for Archaeology dissemination in Portugal, held live stream, broadcasted from the Azores Islands, in May and June 2020, and promoted by the Manuel Sousa de Oliveira Foundation, based in Ponta Delgada, oriented to the promotion of Archaeology in the Azores. The online initiative has become an alternative solution to the usual “Clubes de História”, which the Foundation organized since 2018, but which, because of the mandatory confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, have been suspended. This article summarily patents the activity of the Foundation, its founder’s life and shows the aims of the “Conversas de Arqueólogos”, its methods and its results, in favor of the dissemination and digital accessibility of the Archaeological Heritage and its scientific process
O uso de madeira como combustível no sítio da Quinta de Crestelos (Baixo Sabor): da Idade do Ferro à Romanização
Authors: Vaz Filipe , Tereso João , Pereira Sérgio Simões , Sastre José , Larrazabal Galarza Javier , Cosme Susana , Pereira José António , Espi Israel
Published: November 2020

A large set of archaeobotanical samples were recovered during the excavation of Quinta de Crestelos (Mogadouro), several of which have already been published. This paper focusses on the charcoal analysis still unpublished from two sectors of this site. The first, located in the lower platform, relates to a habitation area comprised of huts and fireplaces from the 4th to the 2nd centuries BC. The second is a functional area with three ovens of different typologies dating to the 1st – 2nd centuries AD. Results revealed a diverse set of taxa, dominated by evergreen and deciduous oak, heath, pine and ash. This data allowed to access uses of wood in the site, namely their relation to the function and type of structures where they have been found
EVALUATION OF PATIENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS USING PATIENT RIGHTS
Authors: KALAYCI Ferzan , DURUK Nazike
Published: November 2020

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of patients to exercise their rights. Method: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in June-August 2019 with the voluntary participation of 400 patients who received inpatient treatment at a university hospital in Eskişehir. In the study, the data were collected using “Information Form Regarding Personal Characteristics” and “Attitude Scale for Using Patient Rights”. Results: The average age of the individuals participating in the research is 39.82 ± 14.10, 51.3% are male, 63.3% are married, 38% are high school graduates, 35.8% are office and service personnel, 72%, 5 of them are with SGK, 43.3% of the income and expense are equal and 55.3% of them live in the city center. 38.7% of the participants have applied to the hospital 2-3 times, 41.8% of them have information about patient rights. 19.8% of the participants showed their health workers as the source of information, 45.5% of them expressed their desire to receive training in the patient rights department on patient rights and 47.8% stated that they applied to the relevant health institution for complaints. The average score of the participants in the Attitude Scale for Using Patient Rights is 115.61 ± 19.42. A statistically significant difference was found between the attitudes of patients to use patient rights and the variables such as gender, age, education level, occupation, income level, place of residence, information about patient rights and the person to be educated about patient rights (for each p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the attitudes of the participants in terms of exercising their patients' rights were generally high and especially that patients' attitudes towards getting information and respectful service, choosing and changing staff, examining records, visitors, companions, security and complaints were more than others.
Pengaruh program motor cognitive coordination training terhadap gross motor skill dan working memory dalam pendidikan jasmani
Authors: Setiawan Lili , Hendrayana Yudy , Mahendra Agus
Published: November 2020

AbstrakMotor cognitive coordination training merupakan sebuah konsep latihan multimodel yang mengkombinasikan aktivitas fisik dengan stimulasi kognitif. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motor cognitive coordination training terhadap gross motor skill dan working memory dalam pendidikan jasmani di sekolah dasar. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SD Negeri Leles I (kelompok control) dan SD Negeri Leles III (kelompok treatment) yang terlibat aktif dalam aktivitas pembelajaran akademis pada anak usia 9-10 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelatian ini adalah the matching only-pretest-posttest control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu test gross motor development (TGMD-3) untuk mengukur 13 keterampilan motorik mendasar, dibagi lagi menjadi dua sub-skala yaitu Keterampilan Lokomotor dan Object Control. Sedangkan Digit Span Test untuk mengukur daya ingat (working memory). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh motor cognitive coordination training dalam program aktivitas pendidikan jasmani lebih baik dibandingkan program aktivitas pendidikan jasmani terhadap peningkatan gross motor skill dan working memory siswa di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan program gerak yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan motorik anak, salah satunya dengan menerapkan program motor cognitive coordination training. The influence of motor cognitive coordination training program on gross motor skill and working memory of physical educationMotor cognitive coordination training is a multimodel exercise concept that combines physical activity with cognitive stimulation. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence from the motor cognitive coordination training program on gross motor skill and working memory of physical education in elementary school. The sample in this study were students of Leles I Elementary School (control group) and Leles III Elementary School (treatment group) who were actively involved in academic learning activities in children aged 9-10 years. This research uses the matching only-pretest- posttest control group design as a method and uses of instrument like test gross motor development (TGMD-3) to measure 13 basic motor skills, subdivided into two subscales namely Locomotor Skills and Object Control. While Digit Span Test to measure memory (working memory). The results showed the effect of motor coordination on cognitive training in physical education activity programs is better than physical education activity programs against increasing gross motor skills and working memory of students in elementary school. This research explains the important of program which can increase cognitive and motoric skill of students, like apply motor cognitive coordination program.