bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of isoAsp7-Aβ as a major Aβ variant in Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia
Authors: Schrempel Sarah , Kottwitz Anna Katharina , Piechotta Anke , Gnoth Kathrin , Büschgens Luca , Hartlage-Rübsamen Maike , Morawski Markus , Schenk Mathias , Kleinschmidt Martin , Serrano Geidy E. , Beach Thomas G. , Rostagno Agueda , Ghiso Jorge , Heneka Michael T. , Walter Jochen , Wirths Oliver , Schilling Stephan , Roßner Steffen
Published: December 2024

The formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in brain is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is mounting evidence that Aβ also plays a pathogenic role in other types of dementia and that specific post-translational Aβ modifications contribute to its pathogenic profile. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that distinct types of dementia are characterized by specific patterns of post-translationally modified Aβ variants. We conducted a comparative analysis and quantified Aβ as well as Aβ with pyroglutamate (pGlu3-Aβ and pGlu11-Aβ), N-truncation (Aβ(4-X)), isoaspartate racemization (isoAsp7-Aβ and isoAsp27-Aβ), phosphorylation (pSer8-Aβ and pSer26-Aβ) or nitration (3NTyr10-Aβ) modification in post mortem human brain tissue from non-demented control subjects in comparison to tissue classified as pre-symptomatic AD (Pre-AD), AD, dementia with Lewy bodies and vascular dementia. Aβ modification-specific immunohistochemical labelings of brain sections from the posterior superior temporal gyrus were examined by machine learning-based segmentation protocols and immunoassay analyses in brain tissue after sequential Aβ extraction were carried out. Our findings revealed that AD cases displayed the highest concentrations of all Aβ variants followed by dementia with Lewy bodies, Pre-AD, vascular dementia and non-demented controls. With both analytical methods, we identified the isoAsp7-Aβ variant as a highly abundant Aβ form in all clinical conditions, followed by Aβ(4-X), pGlu3-Aβ, pGlu11-Aβ and pSer8-Aβ. These Aβ variants were detected in distinct plaque types of compact, coarse-grained, cored and diffuse morphologies and, with varying frequencies, in cerebral blood vessels. The 3NTyr10-Aβ, pSer26-Aβ and isoAsp27-Aβ variants were not found to be present in Aβ plaques but were detected intraneuronally. There was a strong positive correlation between isoAsp7-Aβ and Thal phase and a moderate negative correlation between isoAsp7-Aβ and performance on the Mini Mental State Examination. Furthermore, the abundance of all Aβ variants was highest in APOE 3/4 carriers. In aggregation assays, the isoAsp7-Aβ, pGlu3-Aβ and pGlu11-Aβ variants showed instant fibril formation without lag phase, whereas Aβ(4-X), pSer26-Aβ and isoAsp27-Aβ did not form fibrils. We conclude that targeting Aβ post-translational modifications, and in particular the highly abundant isoAsp7-Aβ variant, might be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in different types of dementia. Hence, our findings might have implications for current antibody-based therapies of AD.
Machine visual perception from sim-to-real transfer learning for autonomous docking maneuvers
Authors: Worth Derek , Choate Jeffrey , Raettig Ryan , Nykl Scott , Taylor Clark
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to enhancing autonomous docking maneuvers through machine visual perception and sim-to-real transfer learning. By leveraging relative vectoring techniques, we aim to replicate the human ability to execute precise docking operations. Our study focuses on autonomous aerial refueling as a use case, demonstrating significant advancements in relative navigation and object detection. We introduce a novel method for aligning digital twins using fiducial targets and motion capture data, which facilitates accurate pose estimation from real-world imagery. Additionally, we develop cost-efficient annotation automation techniques for generating high-quality You Only Look Once training data. Experimental results indicate that our transfer learning methodologies enable accurate and reliable relative vectoring in real-world conditions, achieving error margins of less than 3 cm at contact (when vehicles are approximately 4 m from the camera) and maintaining performance at over 56 fps. The research findings underscore the potential of augmented reality and scene augmentation in improving model generalization and performance, bridging the gap between simulation and real-world applications. This work lays the groundwork for deploying autonomous docking systems in complex and dynamic environments, minimizing human intervention and enhancing operational efficiency.
Paramedian transparietal approach to the lateral ventricle in a dominant hemisphere: how I do it
Authors: Grannò Simone , Al Awadhi Abdullah , May Adrien , Bijlenga Philippe
Published: December 2024

Background

Intraventricular tumors present significant surgical challenges due to their deep location and proximity to critical neuroanatomical structures. Surgical strategies include the transtemporal, interhemispheric and transparietal approaches, each carrying specific risks. Recently, a paramedian transparietal approach to a lateral ventricle meningioma in the dominant hemisphere was described. 

Methods

We propose a mini-craniotomy, mixed reality-assisted paramedian transparietal approach via a trans-sulcal route for safe tumor resection while preserving critical white matter tracts.

Conclusions

This technique enhances the safety and efficacy of intraventricular tumor resection, particularly in young patients with dominant hemisphere lesions.
A Novel Construct to Perform In Situ Deformation Measurements of Material Extrusion-Fabricated Structures
Authors: Nelson Daniel , La Saponara Valeria
Published: December 2024

Material extrusion is an additive manufacturing modality that continues to show great promise in the ability to create low cost, highly intricate, and exceedingly useful structural elements. As more capable and versatile filament materials are devised and the resolution of manufacturing systems continues to increase, the need to understand and predict manufacturing-induced warping will gain ever greater importance. The following study presents a novel in situ remote sensing and data analysis construct that allows for the in situ mapping and quantification of surface displacements induced by residual stresses on specified test structures. This proof-of-concept experimental process shows that it is possible to provide designers and manufacturers with insight into the manufacturing parameters that lead to these deformations, with a greater understanding of the behavior of these warping events over the course of the manufacturing process.
Unreliable service system with strategic customers: effect of abandonments and repair time
Authors: Kanavetas Odysseas , Logothetis Dimitrios
Published: December 2024

In this study, we analyze the reneging behavior of strategic customers in a Markovian queueing system with a single server which is subject to breakdowns. In the event of a breakdown, the server is replaced with a secondary backup unit which serves at a diminished service speed. The restoration of the primary unit is possible only when the system is empty and through a repair process. Reneging is possible and the customers may decide to abandon the system at any time. To focus on the effect of reneging, we also consider the case where reneging is prohibited and the customers decide exclusively, whether to join or balk. We also consider the case where the repair duration is instantaneous. For these models, we derive the equilibrium strategies for the customers and evaluate the performance of the system under both scenarios. Moreover, we discuss the effects of the server repairing procedure and present numerical experiments that reveal key differences in the customer strategic behavior. We identify cases where reneging is beneficial in terms of social welfare, as well as cases where prohibiting reneging ensures greater welfare.
The intrinsic problems in EQ damage prognosis: the experience from a systematic evaluation of L’Aquila databases and different levels of data availability
Authors: Lamadrid Lissethe F. G. , Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger
Published: December 2024

Within the European TURNkey project, a knowledge-based exposure-modelling framework was developed, enabling the consideration of different levels of investigation and data availability. In particular, the proposed framework recognizes various levels and origins of uncertainties, as well as the completeness of a building stock catalogue. Despite substantial efforts, the main question still needs to be answered: How reliable can the developed tools and instruments be if they are not tested and validated by actual events? The L’Aquila 2009 earthquake has been the subject of several analytical strategies to enrich earthquake engineering knowledge. In this study, the information provided by the Italian Observed Damage Database is analyzed, explicitly focusing on the seismic sequence of the L’Aquila 2009 earthquake within the delimited area of the city’s historical center. A second dataset, where the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) was used as a reference, is integrated into the study, and the results are compared. A methodology is implemented for a systematically evaluating the database based on the EMS-98. From the data analysis, a proposal is made to define a comparable EMS-98 building typology and to assign vulnerability classes considering optimistic, pessimistic and most likely criteria. The reliability of the sample is then explored using the knowledge-based exposure modelling framework established by the TURNkey Project. Accuracy is then evaluated through an empirical inspection of frontal (lateral) views available in Google Street View (2022). Images before and after the event are collected and compared with the available data. Intrinsic problems encountered during the process are then listed and discussed, particularly regarding the use of the database, the joint between the studied datasets, and the post-processing required to use the data for damage prognosis. This paper intends to demonstrate how reliable datasets for the building stock, including structural types and corresponding vulnerability classes, can be elaborated. Not least, exposure modelling has to transform the available data into a descriptive form that can be linked directly with the Fragility or Vulnerability Functions, expecting that these assignments are the best suited or representative ones. The data layers provided by the study enable the testing and training of exposure modelling techniques for the selected event and target region.
Teacher’s pet or rebel? Practitioners’ perspectives on the impacts of ChatGPT on course design
Authors: Tran Tri Mikael , Bakajic Misa , Pullman Madeleine
Published: December 2024

The popularity of ChatGPT raises concerns about the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on higher education. While past research explored how ChatGPT, a widely recognized text-based generative AI, can improve productivity and efficiency in education, little is yet known about its impact on course design. Utilizing Bloom’s taxonomy and Biggs’ constructive alignment, this research examined the potential influence of ChatGPT on course design. We conducted 19 interviews with lecturers from seven universities located in different countries, who teach a range of business school courses with course objectives at various Bloom’s levels. Additionally, we interviewed three educational specialists with expertise in educational technology and pedagogy. Respondents had mixed opinions about ChatGPT's influence on learning and course design. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness of ChatGPT may be influenced by the complexity of learning outcomes as defined by Bloom’s taxonomy. The researchers propose a framework that teachers can use to mitigate its negative impacts.
A basic system of paraconsistent Nelsonian logic of conditionals
Authors: Olkhovikov Grigory K.
Published: December 2024

We define a Kripke semantics for a conditional logic based on the propositional logic $$\textsf{N4}$$

N
4

, the paraconsistent variant of Nelson’s logic of strong negation; we axiomatize the minimal system induced by this semantics. The resulting logic, which we call $$\textsf{N4CK}$$

N
4
CK

, shows strong connections both with the basic intuitionistic logic of conditionals $$\textsf{IntCK}$$
IntCK
introduced earlier in (Olkhovikov, 2023) and with the $$\textsf{N4}$$

N
4

-based modal logic $$\textsf{FSK}^d$$

FSK
d

introduced in (Odintsov and Wansing, 2004) as one of the possible counterparts to the classical modal system $$\textsf{K}$$
K
. We map these connections by looking into the embeddings which obtain between the aforementioned systems.
Vocal Speed and Processing of Persuasive Messages: Curvilinear Processing Effects
Authors: Guyer Joshua J. , Vaughan-Johnston Thomas I. , Fabrigar Leandre R. , Paredes Borja , Briñol Pablo , Shen Minqian
Published: December 2024

Most work on indicators of vocal confidence (and social influence work more broadly) examines linear relationships between variables. However, in some domains curvilinear (i.e., accelerating or decelerating) relationships may provide greater clarity in understanding human speech patterns. We review mixed past work on vocal speed as a case study, wherein faster vocal speed has been shown both to bolster and inhibit persuasion (e.g., by impairing processing). Across six total studies (Ntotal = 3,958), we show that faster speed initially increases perceived source confidence and message processing but eventually the increase attenuates or reverses. Correspondingly, vocal speed has a decelerating relationship to participants’ processing of persuasive messages, as revealed by two main processes: argument quality effects on attitudes, and the correspondence between thought valence and attitudes. The present work highlights the potential value of high-powered examinations of curvilinear relationships in non-verbal phenomenon for which speed is likely to play a role.
Consequences of distinguishing anthropomorphism from animism in experimental manipulations
Authors: Karpinska-Krakowiak Malgorzata
Published: December 2024

Animism (perceiving an object as alive) and anthropomorphism (perceiving an object as a person) are two distinct cognitive processes, but they have often been conflated in marketing research. For example, the popular method of manipulating anthropomorphism with a cognitive task (i.e., instructing participants to imagine and describe a product as alive and human) pertains to both animism and anthropomorphism. No research has examined how distinguishing anthropomorphism from animism can be harmful/beneficial for marketing research, and what consequences one might expect from this distinction in experiments. Through three studies, I demonstrate that animism and anthropomorphism are separate processes, with anthropomorphism yielding less elaborate product-related descriptions than animism, which deflates persuasive outcomes in the experiments. These findings can assist researchers in refining their experimental manipulations and enable the discovery of marketing effects that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Effects of short-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 on yield, nutritional profile, genetic regulatory pathways, and rhizosphere microbial community of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Duarte Rafael D. C. , Nunes da Silva Marta , Fortunato Gianuario , Quirós-Vargas Juan , Muller Onno , Manaia Célia M. , Vasconcelos Marta W.
Published: December 2024

Aim

Legumes are vital to agroecosystems and human nutrition, yet climate change is compromising their nutritional value. This study aims to assess how a one-month exposure to elevated CO2 (eCO2) impacts biomass yield, mineral profile, gene expression, and the soil microbiome of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Methods

Phaseolus vulgaris L. was grown in field conditions under ambient CO2 (control, aCO2, 400 ppm) or eCO2 (600 pm) from the start of pod filling until plant maturity and analyzed for several morphophysiological and nutritional parameters.

Results

Compared with aCO2, eCO2 exposure significantly increased plant and grain biomass, with fluctuations in mineral accumulation. Notably, it decreased grain iron and zinc concentrations, two essential microelements related to food security, by 59% and 49%, respectively. Additionally, grain phenolic content decreased by up to 41%. Genes involved in mineral uptake (such as FER1, ZIP1, and ZIP16), plant response to stress (TCR1, TCR2, and HLH54) and symbiosis with soil microorganisms (NRMAP7 and RAM2) seemed to regulate effects. Microbiome analysis supported these findings, with an increase in the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota by 10%, suggesting eCO2-induced alterations in microbial community structure.

Conclusions

This research demonstrates how eCO2 impacts the nutritional quality of common beans regarding micronutrients and phenolic content, while also affecting soil microbiome composition. Highlighting the value of shorter term eCO2 treatments, the findings provide early insights into immediate plant responses. This underscores the need for crop improvement strategies to address nutrient deficiencies that may arise under future eCO2 conditions.
Investigating construct validity of cognitive load measurement using single-item subjective rating scales
Authors: Schuessler Katrin , Fischer Vanessa , Walpuski Maik
Published: December 2024

Cognitive load studies are mostly centered on information on perceived cognitive load. Single-item subjective rating scales are the dominant measurement practice to investigate overall cognitive load. Usually, either invested mental effort or perceived task difficulty is used as an overall cognitive load measure. However, the extent to which the results of these two single-items differ has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Although subjective rating scales are widely used, they are criticized and questioned as their validity is doubted. This study examines construct validity of both cognitive load rating scales (invested mental effort, perceived task difficulty) using relative task difficulty and task demands (cognitive processes and availability of possible answer options) as criteria, adds further evidence supporting the validity of single-item subjective ratings as an indicator for overall cognitive load, and shows how ratings of cognitive load differ when the invested mental effort or the perceived task difficulty item is used. The results indicate that self-ratings might be influenced by the availability of possible answer options as well as cognitive processes necessary to work on a task. The findings also confirm the idea that self-ratings for perceived task difficulty and invested mental effort do not measure the same but different aspects of overall cognitive load. Furthermore, our findings clearly advise to precisely examine at which point and how frequently cognitive load is measured as delayed ratings are closely related to more demanding items within a set of items. Considering advantages of single-item subjective ratings (easy to implement even in huge samples, low time exposure, and suitableness for repeated measures) and disadvantages of alternative ways to measure cognitive load (regarding cost and time efficiency and problem of additional load), current results confirm the use of these items to get an impression of the overall cognitive load. However, the results also suggest that both items do not measure the same thing and researchers should therefore discuss carefully which item they use and how this may limit the results of their study.
Is restorative justice appropriate for sexual assault and domestic violence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the “empirical vacuum”
Authors: Kettrey Heather Hensman , Reynolds Noah Samuel
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious.

Method

In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (N = 692 participants).

Results

Findings from a meta-analysis of 12 effects reported across four studies indicated a small but significant and favorable effect on offender recidivism (g = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.43]), which became non-significant when limiting the sample to randomized control trials. Although RJ is designed to be victim-centered, no eligible studies reported quantitative victim well-being outcomes.

Conclusions

Results identified potentially favorable effects of RJ in SA/DV cases; thus, implementation appears to be acceptable. However, before widespread rollout is recommended, more research is needed, especially as RJ affects victims of SA/DV.
Combined study of creep and ageing under deviatoric loading in granular materials
Authors: Jessen Belinda Anna-Maria , Vogt Stefan , Cudmani Roberto
Published: December 2024

Granular soils creep and age. Previous findings on the time-dependent phenomena under deviatoric stress are summarized and extended with the results of an experimental investigation. Multi-stage triaxial compression tests with creep phases at different deviatoric loading on medium-dense and dense samples of a uniformly graded silica sand confirm an increase in stiffness after creep phases. Contact maturing, contact homogenization, and stabilization of the soil structure are known causes for ageing reported in the literature. As other results found in the literature, the volumetric creep behavior can be dilatant, contractant or of negligible strain close to zero and depends on the trend of the volumetric strain resulting from deviatoric loading at the beginning of creep. By the triaxial tests it is shown that dilatant creep results in an increase of the radial strain due to grain rearrangements. The axial strain rates during creep and changes of the small-strain shear modulus (ageing) follow a power law with time. According to the experiments, the exponent of the proposed power law describing the development of strain and shear modulus at small strain during creep is independent of the density and stress state. The small-strain shear stiffness and the associated soil structure at the onset of creep determine the subsequent ageing behavior. A linear dependency was found between the related ageing rates and axial strain rates during creep, which can be used to predict ageing of granular materials in combination with rate-dependent constitutive models.
The VR-AI–Assisted Simulation for Content Knowledge Application in Pre-Service EFL Teacher Training
Authors: Pitura Joanna , Kaplan-Rakowski Regina , Asotska-Wierzba Yuliya
Published: December 2024

Pre-service teachers (PSTs) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) need extensive training, preparing them for challenges encountered in real classrooms. Such challenges include presenting the target content knowledge in front of the class and promptly responding to students’ questions on the content. High-immersion virtual reality (VR) is increasingly seen as technology facilitating teacher training. When integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI), VR simulations can enhance teacher education by providing real-world practice opportunities. Drawing on cognitive flexibility theory (CFT), this case study investigated how pre-service EFL teachers (N = 17) in Poland interpret the VR-AI–assisted simulation designed to facilitate their content knowledge application. The results suggest that such simulations are valuable for professional development and reflective practice regarding content knowledge in pre-service EFL teacher training. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of the integration of VR and AI technology in language teachers’ training programs aiming to support the application of content knowledge in real-life classrooms.
On coupling constraints in linear bilevel optimization
Authors: Henke Dorothee , Lefebvre Henri , Schmidt Martin , Thürauf Johannes
Published: December 2024

It is well-known that coupling constraints in linear bilevel optimization can lead to disconnected feasible sets, which is not possible without coupling constraints. However, there is no difference between linear bilevel problems with and without coupling constraints w.r.t. their complexity-theoretical hardness. In this note, we prove that, although there is a clear difference between these two classes of problems in terms of their feasible sets, the classes are equivalent on the level of optimal solutions. To this end, given a general linear bilevel problem with coupling constraints, we derive a respective problem without coupling constraints and prove that it has the same optimal solutions (when projected back to the original variable space).
Validation of the German work-related basic need satisfaction scale (W-BNS-G)
Authors: Grünwald K. C. , Van den Broeck A. , Colledani D. , Lermer E. , Falvo R. , Hudecek M. F. C.
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is no validated German tool that captures the basic needs as outlined in Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in the organizational context. To be able to collect reliable and valid data for research and use the results of German research on SDT to derive and implement empirically grounded practical implications that foster employee well-being, performance, and companies’ growth, a validated measurement tool is a compulsory requirement. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a German version of the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. (W-BNS). We replicated the three-factor structure, as well as the reliability of the three subscales and could extensively confirm the construct- and the criterion-related validity of the original W-BNS for the German version (W-BNS-G, N = 648). Additionally, multi-group comparisons were conducted to investigate cultural measurement invariance with the Dutch and the Italian version of the W-BNS. In summary, the present study provides a tool with high reliability and validity assessing the basic needin the organizational context in German language. We address the potential comparability of German, Italian, and Dutch findings using the different versions of the W-BNS and conclude by discussing the limitations of the present study and deriving suggestions for future research.
Improving realised volatility forecast for emerging markets
Authors: Alfeus Mesias , Harvey Justin , Maphatsoe Phuthehang
Published: December 2024

Accurate forecasting of realised volatility is essential for financial risk management and investment decision-making in emerging markets, taking the South African financial market as a benchmark. This study examines the predictive performance of four prominent models: HAR (Heterogeneous AutoRegressive), realised GARCH (Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity), Recurrent Conditional Heteroskedasticity (RECH), and the Rough Fractional Stochastic Volatility (RFSV) models. These models are specifically tailored to capture the complex dynamics and long-range dependence observed in financial time series. We illustrate the challenges and limitations of these models outside the context of established markets. Our empirical findings reveal unique strengths for each model. The HAR model excels in capturing long-term volatility patterns, while realised GARCH models effectively capture volatility clustering and persistence. RECH model showcases their ability to forecast Value-at-Risk, while the RFSV model successfully captures irregular and long-memory characteristics. We provide empirical evidence that the South African financial market is rough. Moreover, this study provides valuable insights into forecasting realised volatility in the South African market, and the findings can assist practitioners and investors in making informed decisions and developing robust risk management strategies.
An Advanced Spatial Approach Based on Multi-criteria Analysis and Geostatistical Simulation for a Comprehensive Geogenic Radon Hazard Index Mapping
Authors: Masoumi Iman , Maggio Sabrina , De Iaco Sandra
Published: December 2024

Radon concentration originates mainly from geogenic factors, such as uranium content, permeability based on rock unit and tectonic features, as well as karst properties. In this paper, these layers are integrated through a joint spatial multi-criteria approach based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Gamma Operator techniques, as well as on the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves in order to compare output maps and classify them to construct a Geogenic Radon Hazard Index for Lecce Province in southeastern Italy. To this end, two main criteria and their sub-criteria are defined as contributing factors: geology (uranium content in bedrock, permeability rate in different lithotypes, and faults) and karst features (dolines, caves, and sinkholes). Furthermore, the spatial multi-criteria results, also confirmed by the indoor radon maps generated through Sequential Gaussian Simulations, show that the sites rich primarily in uranium content in bedrock, faults, and sinkholes can be identified as the most critical areas. Finally, the evaluation of the performance is completed through the Success Rate Curve, which demonstrates the efficiency of the Fuzzy Gamma Operator method and corroborates that this innovative spatial multi-criteria approach can support the production of reliable maps of high radon potential areas. This approach encourages the development of effective risk reduction strategies for future planning and targeted sampling in areas with limited indoor radon data.
The Peace Imperative for the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Peters Laura E. R.
Published: December 2024

Disasters disproportionately affect conflict-affected regions, where approximately two billion people reside, posing significant challenges for disaster risk reduction (DRR). This reality has increasingly spurred calls for violent conflict to be included in the global DRR agenda. However, consideration of peace has been lacking, despite that challenges for peace can distinctly impact capacities to set, pursue, and achieve DRR objectives. This study investigated how the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) engages with peace through a document analysis, revealing three key findings. First, the SFDRR does not mention “peace,” mirroring its lack of reference to conflict. Second, while peace-related terms appear throughout the SFDRR in themes related to partnership and all-of-society approaches, this engagement is superficial. Third, the SFDRR’s approach is fundamentally problematic for advancing peace due to its avoidance of the complex social and political dynamics inherent to disaster risk and its reduction. The SFDRR united United Nations Member States in its ambition to “leave no one behind,” but has taken approaches that smooth over diversity rather than strengthen pluralistic connections. A radical, integrated DRR-peacebuilding agenda must take conflict as the new starting point and carve new pathways toward peace including through disaster diplomacy and environmental peacebuilding. By embracing the ambiguity between war and peace and addressing the root causes of risk, societies can cultivate peaceful interactions and collectively advance safety. This study concludes with recommendations for a global DRR policy that not only implicitly relies on peace but actively contributes to peacebuilding in the world’s diverse and divided societies.
Association between DNA methylation predicted growth differentiation factor 15 and mortality: results from NHANES 1999–2002
Authors: Luo Honglian , Shen Yun
Published: December 2024

Background

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a crucial biomarker in various physiological and pathological processes. While elevated GDF15 levels are linked to increased mortality risk, the role of DNA methylation (DNAm)-predicted GDF15 in predicting mortality has not been extensively studied. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between DNAm-predicted GDF15 levels and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a nationally representative cohort.

Methods

Data from NHANES 1999–2002 were analyzed. DNAm-predicted GDF15 levels were estimated using a regression model. Weighted multivariate Cox regressions were employed to assess the relationship between DNAm-predicted GDF15 and mortality outcomes. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore dose-response relationships, and subgroup analyses were conducted to enhance result reliability.

Results

Higher DNAm-predicted GDF15 levels were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.15). Participants in the highest DNAm-predicted GDF15 tertile showed significantly higher all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.16–2.10) and a 2.52-fold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.22–5.19). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed decreasing survival probability with higher DNAm-predicted GDF15 tertiles. Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a non-linear dose-response relationship between DNAm-predicted GDF15 levels and cardiovascular mortality. The positive correlation between DNAm-predicted GDF15 and mortality remained robust in most of subgroups.

Conclusions

DNAm-predicted GDF15 independently predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This association persists across multiple models and stratified subgroups, supporting GDF15’s value as a biomarker for mortality risk stratification. Future research should elucidate underlying biological mechanisms and evaluate GDF15’s clinical utility in guiding mortality risk reduction interventions.
Academics’ Weak(ening) Resistance to Generative AI: The Cause and Cost of Prestige?
Authors: Watermeyer Richard , Lanclos Donna , Phipps Lawrie , Shapiro Hanne , Guizzo Danielle , Knight Cathryn
Published: December 2024

The disruptive potential of generative AI (GenAI) tools to academic labour is potentially vast. Yet as we argue herein, such tools also represent a continuation of the inequities inherent to academia’s prestige economy and the intensified hierarchy and labour precarisation endemic to universities as prestige institutions. In a recent survey of n = 284 UK-based academics, reasons were put forward for avoiding GenAI tools. These responses surface concerns about automative technologies corrupting academic identity and inauthenticating scholarly practice; concerns that are salient to all who participate within and benefit from the work of scholarly communities. In discussion of these survey results, we explore ambivalence about whether GenAI tools expedite the acquisition or depletion of prestige demanded of academics, especially where GenAI tools are adopted to increase scholarly productivity. We also appraise whether, far from helping academics cope with a work climate of hyper-intensifcation, GenAI tools ultimately exacerbate their vulnerability, status-based peripheralisation, and self-estrangement.
Low-carbon cement development: modifying volcanic ash reactivity for portland cement replacement
Authors: Alsulami Nawaf , Chen Hung-Liang Roger
Published: December 2024

Volcanic ash (VA) reactivity is typically low and requires activation or modification to expand its applicability. This study focuses on modifying the VA reactivity by introducing optimal mixing proportions of amorphous materials (AM) and by developing a reliable reactivity measurement technique based on the standard Ca(OH)2-reactivity test (CRT). CRT was used as a reference test to quantify the reactivity of four VAs. Optimal AM addition was used to increase the reaction rate and to take advantage of synergistic effects on the strength of mortars. Replacing VA with 15 wt.% silica fume (SF), 30 wt.% slag (SL), or 25 wt.% metakaolin (MK) to form modified-VA (MVA) significantly improved the strength and reactivity. The standard CRT was modified by utilizing a constant w/b ratio of 0.484 and by changing the curing regime where the ambient temperature was set to 43℃ for up to 91 days. This revised CRT is referred to as the “modified-Ca(OH)2-reactivity test” (MCRT). A relationship between the strength and the heat was used as a foundation to develop a classification that determines the level of reactivity of VA/MVA. The results indicate that three of the four VAs evaluated were found to be reactive. The synergistic actions within MVA mixtures significantly improved the reactivity at early ages. Results show that MVA mortar mix with 70% volcanic ash and 30% slag can achieve 25.6 MPa compressive strength at 91 days. By substituting 15% SF, 30% SL, or 25% MK for VA to form MVA, the mixes provide promising results for an alternative concrete mixture for future industrial applications.
Evaluating histone H3.1 as a biomarker for acute ischemic stroke: insights into NETs and stroke pathophysiology
Authors: Park Suji , Shim Jae-Ryong , Goh Ri-Young , Kim Dae-Hyun , Han Jin-Yeong
Published: December 2024

The diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be challenging when neuroimaging findings are normal or equivocal. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), particularly histone H3.1, have potential as biomarkers for AIS. This study evaluated NETs, specifically histone H3.1, as diagnostic biomarkers for AIS. This prospective study included 89 patients with AIS and 20 healthy controls. Plasma histone H3.1 levels were measured using the Nu.Q® H3.1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seven cytokines were analyzed using a bead-based immunoassay. Statistical analyses were used to compare histone H3.1 levels between groups and evaluate correlations with clinical parameters and cytokines. Histone H3.1 levels were significantly higher in patients with AIS (271.05 ± 33.40 ng/mL) versus controls (95.33 ± 12.86 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified H3.1 as an independent risk factor for AIS (p = 0.006), with an area under the curve of 0.907. Significant correlations were found between H3.1, interleukin-6 (0.290, p = 0.013) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (0.297, p = 0.011). In conclusion, the NETs H3.1 ELISA test is a reliable new diagnostic option that supports the diagnosis of AIS.
Reconstructing the Human Population History of East Asia through Ancient Genomics
Authors: Bennett Andrew E. , Liu Yichen , Fu Qiaomei
Published: December 2024

East Asian population history has only recently been the focus of intense investigations using ancient genomics techniques, yet these studies have already contributed much to our growing understanding of past East Asian populations, and cultural and linguistic dispersals. This Element aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the population history of East Asia through ancient genomics. It begins with an introduction to ancient DNA and recent insights into archaic populations of East Asia. It then presents an in-depth summary of current knowledge by region, covering the whole of East Asia from the first appearance of modern humans, through large-scale population studies of the Neolithic and Metal Ages, and into historical times. These recent results reflect past population movements and admixtures, as well as linguistic origins and prehistoric cultural networks that have shaped the region's history. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Feller and ergodic properties of jump–move processes with applications to interacting particle systems
Authors: Lavancier Frédéric , Le Guével Ronan , Manent Emilien
Published: December 2024

We consider Markov processes that alternate continuous motions and jumps in a general locally compact Polish space. Starting from a mechanistic construction, a first contribution of this article is to provide conditions on the dynamics so that the associated transition kernel forms a Feller semigroup, and to deduce the corresponding infinitesimal generator. As a second contribution, we investigate the ergodic properties in the special case where the jumps consist of births and deaths, a situation observed in several applications including epidemiology, ecology, and microbiology. Based on a coupling argument, we obtain conditions for convergence to a stationary measure with a geometric rate of convergence. Throughout the article, we illustrate our results using general examples of systems of interacting particles in
$\mathbb{R}^d$
with births and deaths. We show that in some cases the stationary measure can be made explicit and corresponds to a Gibbs measure on a compact subset of
$\mathbb{R}^d$
. Our examples include in particular Gibbs measures associated to repulsive Lennard-Jones potentials and to Riesz potentials.
Using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services care compare data to create hospital-acquired infection count thresholds: a SAS program and analysis
Authors: Pollock Benjamin D. , Ziegelbauer Lorelle L.
Published: December 2024

Using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) program shared here, all US hospitals can calculate hospital-specific hospital-acquired infection threshold counts for achieving a pre-specified benchmarked Standardized Infection Ratio performance percentile.
Microrheometric study of damage and rupture of capsules in simple shear flow
Authors: El Mertahi C. , Grandmaison N. , Dupont C. , Jellali R. , Brancherie D. , Salsac A.-V.
Published: December 2024

Capsules, which are potentially active fluid droplets enclosed in a thin elastic membrane, experience large deformations when placed in suspension. The induced fluid–structure interaction stresses can potentially lead to rupture of the capsule membrane. While numerous experimental studies have focused on the rheological behaviour of capsules until rupture, there remains a gap in understanding the evolution of their mechanical properties and the underlying mechanisms of damage and breakup under flow. We here investigate the damage and rupture of bioartificial microcapsules made of ovalbumin reticulated with terephthaloyl chloride and placed in simple shear flow. We characterize damage by identifying how the surface shear modulus of the capsule membrane changes over time. Rupture is then characterized by comparing the number and size distribution of capsules before and after exposure to shear, while varying the shear rates and time during which capsules are sheared. Our findings reveal how the percentage of ruptured capsules increases with their size, exposure time to shear, and the ratio of viscous to elastic forces at rupture.
Studying factual versus social cues as triggers of change in food behaviour
Authors: Zorell Carolin V. , Kim Ansung , Neuman Nicklas
Published: December 2024

Numerous public initiatives aim to influence individual food choices by informing about what is considered ‘healthy’, ‘climate-friendly’, and generally ‘sustainable’ food. However, research suggests that rather than public authorities, social influence is more likely to affect people’s behaviour. Using a randomised controlled trial, this study investigated if and how the two kinds of influences (factual versus social) could affect the real-life, self-reported intake of plant- and animal-based foods. In a four-month randomised controlled trial, a self-selected sample of adults living in Sweden (N = 237) tracked their daily food consumption several times per week using a tailored mobile phone app. Participants were randomised into one of three groups: two treatment groups receiving factual or social information about plant- and animal-based food consumption, or a control group receiving no information. Pre- and post-questionnaires provided additional background information about the participants. Participants’ food habits varied from week to week, and an explorative analysis pointed to a slight decrease in the consumption of animal-based food in the group that received social information. However, the longer-term patterns remained relatively constant in all groups, showing no substantial shift regardless of the kind of cues that the participants received. By investigating the roles of two common types of information about food and dietary change, the results contribute to discussions about how and by whom effective and efficient measures can be implemented to transform food habits. The results suggest there is limited potential for sustained and substantial behavioural changes through both social and factual information campaigns.
Investigating unusual Hα features towards the Scutum Supershell
Authors: Alsulami Rami , Einecke Sabrina , Rowell Gavin , McGee Padric , Filipović Miroslav D. , Seitenzahl Ivo Rolf , Stupar Milorad , Collins Tiffany Anne , Fukui Yasuo , Sano Hidetoshi
Published: December 2024

We investigate the unusual H

$\alpha$

features found towards the Scutum Supershell via recent arc-minute and arc-second resolution imaging. These multi-degree features resemble a long central spine ending in a bow-shock morphology. We performed a multi–wavelength study in [S II] optical, radio continuum, infrared continuum, Hi, CO, X-ray, and gamma-ray emissions. Interestingly, we found the Galactic worm GW 16.9−3.8 Hi feature appears within the Scutum Supershell, and likely influences the spine morphology. Furthermore, the rightmost edge of the bow-shock H

$\alpha$

emission overlaps with [S II] line emission, 4.85 GHz radio, and both 60 and 100

$\mu$

m infrared continuum emissions, suggesting some potential for excitation by shock heating. We estimated the photo-ionisation from O-type and B-type stars in the region (including those from the OB associations Ser OB1B, Ser OB2, and Sct OB3) and found that this mechanism could supply the excitation to account for the observed H

$\alpha$

luminosity of the spine and bow-shock of

$\sim$

1–2

$\times 10^{36}\,\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}$

(d/2.5 kpc)

$^2$

. Recent MHD simulations by Drozdov et al. (2022) demonstrate the potential for supernova events to drive outflow and bow-shock types of features of the same energetic nature and physical scale as the H

$\alpha$

emission we observe here. While this clearly requires many supernova events over time, we speculate that one contributing event could have come from the presumably energetic supernova (hypernova) birth of the magnetar tentatively identified in the X-ray binary LS 5039.
Handheld portable device for delivering capped silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications
Authors: Naveen Kumar , Bose Sandeep , Basheer Chanbasha , Zare Richard N. , Gnanamani Elumalai
Published: December 2024

We describe a simple, cost-effective, green method for producing capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a handheld portable mesh nebulizer. The precursor solution containing a 1:1 mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ligand (glycerol or sodium alginate) was sprayed using the nebulizer. The Ag NPs were generated in the water microdroplets within a few milliseconds under ambient conditions without any external reducing agent or action of a radiation source. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), which validated the formation of Ag NPs. The synthesized glycerate-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag-gly NPs) were used as a catalyst to show the oxidative coupling of aniline to form azobenzene products with a yield of up to 61%. Experiments conducted using Ag NPs produced in the droplets demonstrated more than 99% antibacterial activity when contacting Escherichia Coli. Our in-situ synthesis-cum-fabrication technique using a portable sprayer represents a viable alternative to the existing fiber or hydrogel-based antimicrobial wound healing.