bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efectos del ejercicio en cirugía bariátrica
Authors: Cobos-Fernández Mar , González González Yoana , Alonso Calvete Alejandra , Da Cuña Carrera Iria
Published: August 2021

Introducción: El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la literatura científica más actual acerca de los efectos del ejercicio en pacientes obesos o sometidos a cirugía bariátrica.

Desarrollo: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica actual mediante una búsqueda sistematizada en PubMed, Scopus, Cinhal, Web Of Science y SPORTDiscus con los descriptores “bariatric surgery”, “exercise therapy” y “therapeutic exercise”, obteniendo finalmente 13 artículos.

Se observó que el ejercicio produce beneficios en cuanto a composición corporal como pérdida de peso, aumento de masa magra, masa muscular e insulina en sangre y favorece la actividad fibrinolítica. Además, produce un aumento de la capacidad aeróbica y, por tanto, una mejora de la condición física.

Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que el ejercicio es una herramienta efectiva en el tratamiento de pacientes con obesidad tanto antes como después de la cirugía.
Vol. 14 Núm. 2 Supl. 2 (2021): 1st International Virtual Congress “Exercise, Aging and Health”. The INTERMAE Proyect. Cadiz 13th-14th May 2021
Authors: Jiménez-Pavón David , Carbonell-Cabeza Ana , Cadenas-Sánchez Cristina
Published: August 2021

Monográfico Ejercicio, Envejecimiento y Salud, vinculado al I Congreso Virtual Internacional "Ejercicio, Envejecimiento y Salud", celebrado del 13 al 14 de mayo de 2021 en Cádiz (España) en el marco del proyecto INTERMAE financiado por el Ministerio de Sanidad y familias, FEDER. Se han seleccionado los 40 mejores trabajos de investigación presentados en el Congreso y se ha realizado una revisión por pares ciega para garantizar su calidad. Todos ellos abordan el ejercicio físico como una estrategia terapéutica emergente que puede mitigar las consecuencias para la salud del envejecimiento en los marcadores moleculares, el cerebro y el estado físico.
EDUCATION, EMPLOYABILITY AND LABOUR FORCE COMPETITIVENESS IN CROATIA
Authors: Bejaković Predrag
Published: August 2021

Employability and labour force competitiveness are important parts of an economy’s overall competitiveness. The key role of knowledge as a structural part of the competence in stimulating economic growth has been widely recognised by economists and other scientists. In modern societies, the acceptance and development of knowledge, skills and ideas have a crucial role in the creation of wealth. The key determinant of a knowledge-based economy is human capital, or more precisely its knowledge, competence and ability. In many modern employment strategies there has been great emphasis on worker employability. The general idea of employability is not new, although only in recent times efforts have been made to define it clearly as policy has shifted emphatically towards supply side issues. Employability can be defined as the extent to which employees have skills, which the market and employers regard as attractive and is of increasing importance for the economic sector. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the relationship between education, employability and labour force competitiveness in Croatia.
Key words: competitiveness, Croatia, educational system, employability, knowledge-based society, labour force.
VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS: SPEECHES FROM BRAZILIAN’S DIGITAL MEDIA
Authors: Soares Michelle , Machado Laêda
Published: August 2021

This research aimed to understand the treatment given by digital media for violence against teachers. It was observed how violence manifests itself, where it comes from, how it happens and the reasons for its occurrence, from news that addressed the violence suffered by teachers. The theoretical referential that guided the work was the Social Representation Theory proposed by Moscovici (1978). This research examined 96 articles, published in mainstream news sites in Brazil, whose main content were cases of violence against teachers. For these analyses, the content analysis from Bardin (2009) was used. The results showed that the discourse that circulates in digital media on violence against teachers refers to any form of physical or moral violence performed by students or their parents in the school environment, causing physical and moral damages to teacher’s integrity. The violent acts are triggered by situations that alter the dynamics of the classroom, such as assigning low marks or making complaints. It’s emphasized that this characterization is important to the development of possible actions for combating violence against teachers, which proved as an element that is part of the pedagogical dynamic of teachers.
Key words: education, digital media, social representation, students, teachers, violence.
ASSESSING THE FIELD PLACEMENT IN INITIAL TEACHER EDUCATION: FINDING A BALANCE BETWEEN FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Chetcuti Deborah A. , Buhagiar Michael A.
Published: August 2021

The research study reported in this paper explores the issues and challenges faced by teacher educators when assessing student-teachers during their field placement. The key research question is: What are the issues and challenges faced by teacher educators and university administrators in relation to the formative and summative assessment of student-teachers during their field placement in Initial Teacher Education? The research tries to address this question by drawing on qualitative data from interviews with key academics and administrators at the University of Malta. The data from the interviews suggests that finding a balance within a university setting between the formative and summative aspects of assessment can create a potential conflict. This results in teacher educators focusing more on administrative demands for accountability and standards through summative assessment (also known as ‘assessment of learning’) rather than on the learning process through formative assessment (also known as ‘assessment for learning’). The authors challenge this current view and, using examples from good practice, construct a model of assessment for the field placement that tries to improve the balance between formative and summative assessment. Key words: formative assessment, summative assessment, field placement, initial teacher education
TEACHER EDUCATION AS A PROMOTER OF HEALTH: TEACHER STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT MEDICINE EDUCATION
Authors: Kärkkäinen Sirpa , Hämeen-Anttila Katri , Vainio Kirsti , Keinonen Tuula
Published: August 2021

Being a part of health education from primary school to the university level, medicine education is a fairly new opening in the field of education. The purpose of this study was to clarify Finnish primary school teacher students’ (N=21) perceptions about medicine education. Data was collected in several ways: a questionnaire, shared blog writings and group discussions. Teacher students’ perceptions about the content of medicine education were quite limited. Although they were well aware of the importance of the proper use of medicines, they also highlighted the discussion of misuse, which is not in accordance with the aims and methods of medicine education. Teacher students only mentioned a few methods on how to teach the proper use of medicines, having themselves had few experiences of medicine education from their own time at school. In teacher education, medicine education could be developed using teaching methods that particularly concentrate on the critical search for information, also emphasizing the importance of modeling, and co-operation with parents and health experts. This study increases and broadens researchers’ and teacher educators’ knowledge about the challenges of medicine education both in teacher education and in schools.
Key words: health education, medicine education, proper use of medicines, teacher education
ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LEARNERS – AN IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION THROUGH MUSIC EDUCATION
Authors: Hietanen Lenita , Uusiautti Satu , Määttä Kaarina
Published: August 2021

Entrepreneurship education is recommended to be a part of education already from the beginning of children’s school paths. Often, entrepreneurship education has been defined in a political level and through economic ideologies. However, one of the goals of entrepreneurship education is to achieve entrepreneurial ways of acting regardless of the context or community. This study is a case study of the implementation of entrepreneurship education in music education in basic education. The findings introduce and evaluate the pedagogical solutions in the music education of one Finnish seventh grade. The pupils were given opportunities to set their own goals, experiment multiple options, make decisions and reflect on their actions. They were encouraged and guided to become aware of their entrepreneurial features, skills, and ways of acting. The most important result was that entrepreneurial education can be included in basic education. Suggestions for teachers are given based on the findings.
Key words: basic education, entrepreneurial way of acting, entrepreneurship education, learning environment, music education, non-business school context.
Trends of Rainfall and Temperature in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis of CMIP5 Results and Meteorological Station Data
Authors: Bosu Himel , Rashid Towhida , Mannan Abdul , Meandad Javed
Published: August 2021

The Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) dataset along with rainfall and temperature data, recorded at 34 stations of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), is analyzed to examine the recent changes in rainfall and temperature over Bangladesh during the period 1981-2019. In the historical period, all three CMIP5 models (MPI-ESM-LR, MPI-ESM-MR and NorESM1-M) underestimated the observed mean rainfall data collected from BMD, whereas for temperature the result is found to be nearly similar between model and observation. The result shows a trend of increasing mean maximum temperature of Bangladesh at a rate of 0.19°C and 0.26°C per decade and increasing mean minimum temperature at a rate of 0.18°C and 0.15°C per decade, for model and observation respectively. The study found a decreasing trend of annual rainfall in Bangladesh observed at a rate of 41.60 mm and 39.77 mm per decade, respectively, for model and observation. Spatial distribution shows an increase in annual rainfall in the northeastern part of Bangladesh.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 9(2), 2020, P 9-18
Presence and Antibiogram of Inhabiting Marine Bacterial Population at the Upper Sub-surface Water of the South East Coast of Bangladesh, Northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Md Sayeduzzaman - , Ahmed Md Kawser , Bari Md Latiful , Leela Morzina , Zaman Sharmin , Rani Seema , Khan Makidul Islam
Published: August 2021

The present study was conducted to assess the presence of bacterial populations at the upper sub-surface water from the offshore areas near the South East Coast of Bangladesh, the northern Bay of Bengal and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance pattern. Water samples were collected from 5 stations near the South East Coast of Bangladesh, the northern Bay of Bengal. About 38 marine isolates were primarily identified using conventional cultural methods (Mannitol Salt Agar, Chromocult Coliform Agar and Cetrimide Agar). Among them, two gram negative viz. Pantoea spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one gram positive viz. Micrococcus spp. were identified and confirmed by biochemical and analytical profiling index techniques. The antibiogram results showed that Pantoea spp. and Micrococcus spp. were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol, whereas P. aeruginosa was sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and streptomycin. However, Pantoea spp. and Micrococcus spp. were resistant to at least 3 antibiotics (oxacillin, cefixime and polymyxin B). But P. aeruginosa was resistant to a number of antibiotics such as oxacillin, cefixime, ampicillin, novobiocin, cephalexin, tetracycline, amoxicillin and kanamycin. Increasing drug resistance potential of microbial organisms gives us signal to go for immediate necessary action on the maintenance of water quality of estuarine and coastal areas.
The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 9(2), 2020, P 35-44
Anatomical Structure of Assimilating Organs Lycium barbarum L. Introduced in the Conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Amanova M. , Duschanova G.
Published: August 2021

Goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.) are widely used in traditional medicine in a few countries (China, USA, Argentina, etc.). In Uzbekistan, its fruit is not used and there are no normative documents for this species. Therefore, the study of this plant is of scientific and practical interest to expand the range of local phytopreparations. The purpose of the study is to study the morpho-anatomical structure of the organs that assimilate the fruit of the Goji berry, to determine the diagnostic, adaptive signs, and localization of biologically active substances of this species. The results show that the above species are more adapted to the natural-climatic conditions of Mirzachul and show signs of drought resistance.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS IN THE ARCTIC
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of management - branch of RANEPA, RYVKIN STANISLAV , TUROV GEORGE
Published: August 2021

He article discusses the features of investigative actions in the Arctic. The purpose of the study is to establish and identify the features of investigative actions in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. This is necessary for the quality of preliminary investigation of crimes committed in the Arctic territory in order to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. Conclusions. As a result of this study, the authors propose: to create an independent investigatory management SK of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; to consider when carrying out search-educational, investigative and legal actions in the Arctic features climate-geographical, social, organizational, procedural and technical-criminalistic nature; to include in the composition of forces and means of using special icebreaker vessels, vessels of icebreaking type; to use the forensic technique of satellite communication; to attract specialists and experts from military units and also develop mobile criminal investigation groups; to form in educational institutions of legal profile, including in the Military University MO RF program on preparing and conducting inspections of the water surface and the mainland and archipelagos of permafrost, snow and ice cover, and investigations in the Arctic; when conducting inspections, use topographic, sea maps, satellites, balloons, unmanned aerial vehicles, and robotic equipment that allow for both discrete and conventional surveys; it is proposed to strengthen the forensic equipment of investigative units with positioning devices for determining coordinates by translating them from quasi-coordinates; use indirect methods of conducting investigative actions with reconstruction of the situation; use in verbal investigative actions telecommunications forensic software systems in the video conference format, using identity authentication tools.
ON THE LEGAL NATURE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, NETESOVA MARGARITA
Published: August 2021

Purpose of research. The article presents the results of research on the legal nature of social entrepreneurship as a new legal phenomenon that emerged at the intersection of business and social legislation, and proved its relevance in the context of socio-economic crises in recent years. The article considers the essential features of social entrepreneurship that distinguish it from classical entrepreneurial activity, as well as other legal institutions that are close to social entrepreneurship in their content. Conclusions. A more precise description of the nature and properties of social entrepreneurship, its difference from similar concepts in content or sound, is presented. This analysis allows us to draw intermediate conclusions about the effectiveness of the current legislation, as well as formulate proposals for improving its regulatory legislation.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF INHERITANCE LAW
Authors:   Udmurt State University, KHODYREVA EKATERINA
Published: August 2021

In the present article, the author considers various doctrinal judgments on the question of what constitutes inheritance law and what place it occupies in the legal system. The purpose of the research is to determine the structural divisions of the sub-branch of inheritance law and substantiate the view on the recognition of inheritance law as a sub-branch of civil law with the designation of its inherent institutions and subinstitutions. Results. Based on the results of the study, the author came to the conclusion that inheritance law, taking into account the content of the legal norms forming it, can only be recognized as a sub-branch of civil law. There are no sufficient grounds to consider inheritance law as an institution of civil law or as an independent legal branch as a structural unit of the legal system. Due to the subject of legal regulation, inheritance law is separated from other sub-sectors in the civil law system. Taking into account the specifics of the subject and method of legal regulation, the sub-branch "inheritance law" is subject to further differentiation into its constituent institutions and sub-institutes. It is concluded that it is necessary to distinguish five main institutions within the studied sub-sector, the central place among which belongs to the institute of inheritance law. The legal norms of this institution are currently dispersed in separate chapters of section V of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and cover the specifics of regulating both hereditary and some related legal relations. It is this diversity to be included in the Institute of law of inheritance relations allows to conclude on the need for it subinstitute three: hereditary sub instructions, sub succession and sub the exercise of the right of inheritance.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PRIVATE THEORY OF FORENSIC ECONOMIC EXPERTISE
Authors:   Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin, SAVITSKY ALEXEY
Published: August 2021

Purpose: is to determine the conceptual framework for the participation of a specialist economist in legal proceedings. The methodology used in the study is based on regulatory analysis, questioning of procedural persons, analysis of the scientific and theoretical foundations and practical features of the problem of a specialist's participation in procedural actions. The result of the research: substantiated the relevance of using special economic knowledge not only in the form of forensic expertise, but also as a specialist attraction. The analysis of the procedural status of a specialist-economist in legal proceedings is presented. Novelty / originality / value consists in the development and justification of the tasks of a specialist participating in an operational-search activity in the form of preliminary research, reference and consulting activities of
ON SOME PRINCIPLES DEFINING INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY STANDARDS
Authors:   Moscow State University named after M.V.Lomonosov, MANDZHIEVA SVETLANA
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the research. In the legal literature, there is no unified approach to the concept and content of the principles that determine the essence of international norms of social security. This article analyzes various international social security standards with a view to identifying the basic principles that underlie them. Results. Analysis of the main international standards in the field of social security made it possible to highlight such principles in international social security law as the principle of general responsibility of the state for the establishment, functioning and accessibility of national social security systems; the principle of universal coverage of the population by the national social security system; the principle of the adequacy of the level and duration of the provision of benefits and social and medical services; and the principle of social solidarity between generations and social partners.
O MEIO AMBIENTE E A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DURANTE A OPERAÇÃO RONDON NA PEQUENA CIDADE DE CONSELHEIRO MAIRINCK (PR)
Authors: Silva Priscila , Fernandes Pedro
Published: August 2021

Na sociedade atual, o debate sobre o meio ambiente, sobretudo por meio da educação ambiental, é indispensável. Nesse sentido, a extensão universitária é uma ferramenta fundamental para difusão do conhecimento universitário. Por outro lado, ela possibilita uma conexão entre os universitários e a população local. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar a experiência com as oficinas de horticultura, inseridas nas ações de meio ambiente e educação ambiental durante a Operação Rondon 2017, na pequena cidade de Conselheiro Mairinck (PR), no interior do Paraná. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram: levantamento bibliográfico, elaboração e construção das oficinas por meio de pesquisas; trabalho de campo por meio da realização das ações de extensão na localidade, aplicação de um questionário nos participantes durante a oficina, produção de gráficos e tabelas e, por fim, a elaboração da redação. Os principais resultados mostram que os participantes adquiriram um novo conhecimento/informação sobre o tema e que afirmaram que aplicariam as informações na construção de suas hortas.
INTERFACES DA MOBILIDADE COTIDIANA EM MUNICÍPIOS COM PEQUENAS CIDADES: relação entre espaços urbanos e rurais em Barra do Choça/BA
Authors: Lemos Joscimara
Published: August 2021

Espaços urbanos e rurais mantêm relações interdependentes expressas, também, em fluxos contínuos de sujeitos na conformação da mobilidade cotidiana, desinentes da necessidade de acesso e de apropriação de bens e serviços, concentrados na pequena cidade, pelos sujeitos dos espaços rurais. Entretanto, essa dinâmica é negligenciada em documentos oficiais que preconizam as ações do poder público, sobretudo, municipal, como o Plano Diretor Urbano. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os reflexos da importância dada à questão em documentos oficiais na realidade concreta dos sujeitos residentes nos espaços rurais do município de Barra do Choça/BA. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas teóricas, a coleta de dados qualitativos e quantitativos e a análise documental. Contatou-se que a incúria quanto à mobilidade cotidiana em documentos oficiais se reflete na negação dos sujeitos residentes nos espaços rurais e que as ações do poder público municipal para atender as demandas dessa dinâmica são paliativas e insuficientes.
REVALORIZACIÓN DE TERRITORIOS MARGINALES: la gran minería transnacional em Santa Cruz (Patagonia - Argentina)
Authors: Andrade Larry , Aguilar María Gabriela
Published: August 2021

El territorio santacruceño estuvo marcado por la impronta ganadera desde fines del siglo XIX, luego la actividad petrolera pone en valor el área centro-noreste de la provincia. A mediados de los ´90 del siglo pasado arriban a la Meseta Central Santacruceña (MCS) - Macizo del Deseado grandes empresas mineras transnacionales, atraídas por la certeza de la existencia de metales preciosos y un marco regulatorio permisivo. El objetivo del artículo es valorar el impacto migratorio y económico en los núcleos urbanos del área, creados al calor de la ganadería ovina extensiva y repotenciadas por el fuerte atractivo laboral que promovió la minería. Metodológicamente, revisamos documentos, informes y relevamientos que analizan el impacto que Cerro Vanguardia (subsidiaria de Anglo Gold Ashanti) trajo sobre la ciudad de Puerto San Julián, donde radicó sus oficinas administrativas y donde reside un alto porcentaje de empleados de su planta permanente. Se escrutan con cierto detalle la creación de la empresa provincial FOMICRUZ y también los montos devueltos/invertidos por la empresa minera a través de la Agencia de Desarrollo Local, una de las formas en que se canalizan fondos de responsabilidad social empresaria (RSE). Finalmente, exponemos breves reflexiones sobre el presente y futuro avizorado.
PEQUENAS CIDADES E DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL: avaliação do enraizamento territorial de aposentados rurais em municípios paranaenses
Authors: Chies Claudia , Lourenço Liandra , Aguiar Alaiane , Freitas Júnior José
Published: August 2021

O planejamento de estratégias visando o desenvolvimento local está presente especialmente nos municípios com pequenas cidades, pois, na maior parte dos casos, enfrentam o problema da evasão populacional e da perda de recursos, devido, sobretudo, ao processo de modernização agrícola conservadora e excludente ocorrido nas últimas décadas. Desse modo, com este artigo, objetiva-se analisar a perspectiva do desenvolvimento local nas pequenas cidades, enfocando a relevância do enraizamento territorial e do pertencimento ao lugar, bem como a contribuição dos idosos aposentados rurais nesse processo. Como metodologia, utilizou-se levantamento e análise crítica de referenciais teóricos; aplicação de questionários complementados com entrevistas a aposentados rurais e comerciantes. Os resultados mostraram que os aposentados têm um peso importante para a manutenção de habitantes e o fortalecimento do comércio local de municípios paranaenses com pequenas cidades, contribuindo para a dinamização da economia local, e para que haja mais desenvolvimento.
INTEGRANDO ELEMENTOS DO LUGAR PARA A DIVERSIFICAÇÃO DOS ATRATIVOS TURÍSTICOS: um estudo na estância turística de Ibirá, São Paulo
Authors: Ponte Maxwell
Published: August 2021

Os elementos da paisagem, materiais e imateriais, exercem grande influência na escolha de destinos por turistas. Nas pequenas cidades, em específico, o fortalecimento do turismo está relacionado à natureza, à cultura local e à valorização do patrimônio local. Nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se um estudo em Ibirá, pequeno município localizado na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, que possui problemáticas históricas, sociais e ambientais relacionadas ao turismo hidromineral, por muito tempo priorizado pelas políticas estaduais e municipais de turismo. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar possibilidades para diversificação da oferta turística, respeitando as singularidades da paisagem e da cultura local. Foram identificados oito atrativos turísticos relacionados a nichos turísticos diversos, sobretudo ao ecoturismo, ao turismo cultural e ao turismo rural. Os resultados podem contribuir para a elaboração de roteiros turísticos que integrem a contemplação e a vivência com o ambiente rural e com aspectos naturais e culturais do interior.
DAPTAÇÕES DO MÉTODO TRIPARTIDA PARA CIDADES PEQUENAS: um estudo em Estação/RS - Brasil
Authors: Santos Everton , Spinelli Juçara
Published: August 2021

O método tripartida teve origem na escola inglesa de Morfologia Urbana e foi proposto por Michael Conzen para analisar a paisagem urbana de cidades europeias. Utilizar esse método em cidades brasileiras, em especial, cidades pequenas, exige um esforço de adaptação, pois elas apresentam um tecido urbano ainda em formação. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo objetiva apresentar o método e como pode ser adaptado aos estudos em cidades pequenas; demonstrar sua aplicação em um recorte espacial, a cidade de Estação/RS (Brasil) e, evidenciar seus períodos morfológicos e as consequentes marcas históricos na morfologia da cidade. A metodologia da pesquisa teve por base o levantamento da literatura acerca da morfologia urbana e a compilação de dados de base secundária (IBGE, 2010), além de levantamentos fotográficos e entrevistas realizadas in loco, cuja natureza das informações e análises foi a qualitativa. Os resultados permitiram identificar os períodos, os agentes produtores em cada etapa de formação da cidade, as características morfológicas e a evolução temporal da paisagem da cidade.
AS PEQUENAS CIDADES NA REGIÃO DE PASSO FUNDO (RS) E SUAS DINÂMICAS FRENTE A EXPANSÃO DAS REDES EMPRESARIAIS
Authors: Mesquita Lucas , Pereira Stéfany
Published: August 2021

A região de Passo Fundo localiza-se no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul e caracteriza-se como a principal produtora de grãos do estado. A sua base produtiva se reestruturou nos últimos anos sob três importantes fatores geoeconômicos: primeiro as boas condições geomorfológicas aliadas à elevada produtividade em seus solos; segundo a importante integração administrativa e cooperativa dos produtores em suas cadeias agroindustriais; e por último, a vinculação exógena ao capital financeiro e aos fluxos empresariais das multinacionais. A pesquisa deste artigo procura investigar a partir desta inserção do capital financeiro, como as matrizes-filiais reestruturam a hierarquia das centralidades em pequenas cidades. Para isto, foram utilizados microdados do estudo de Gestão do Território do IBGE. A presença de filiais de multinacionais é um fenômeno cada vez mais presente em cidades pequenas e neste estudo revelou-se que as reestruturações recentes complexificam a divisão territorial urbano rural e a hierarquia entre estas centralidades.
AS PEQUENAS CIDADES E O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: uma aproximação necessária
Authors: Salmeron Lucas , Endlich Angela
Published: August 2021

As reflexões sobre as pequenas cidades enquanto objeto de estudo tem crescido nos últimos, evidenciando que estas realidades também possuem papéis e funções específicas que merecem a atenção dos pesquisadores. Como tal, é também necessário pensar as pequenas cidades no âmbito da Geografia escolar, já que estas cidades não estão isoladas dos processos e fenômenos da rede urbana como um todo. Logo, o objetivo deste artigo é debater a necessidade da inserção das pequenas cidades nas aulas de Geografia, destacando a relevância do estudo da escala local e o potencial formativo desta temática para uma formação para a cidadania. Trata-se de reflexões teóricas nas quais serão apresentadas algumas possibilidades metodológicas para o trabalho com a escala local, visando demonstrar algumas das estratégias didáticas que podem ser utilizadas para o trabalho pedagógico com esta temática enquanto conteúdo escolar. Destaca-se a necessidade de um olhar geográfico para as pequenas cidades, no qual o estudo da realidade local é cada vez mais imperativo no meio escolar.
Partial Inhibition of the 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) Enzyme in Myeloid Cells Does Not Affect Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tillie Renée J. H. A. , De Bruijn Jenny , Perales-Patón Javier , Temmerman Lieve , Ghosheh Yanal , Van Kuijk Kim , Gijbels Marion J. , Carmeliet Peter , Ley Klaus , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Sluimer Judith C.
Published: August 2021

Background

The protein 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) is a key stimulator of glycolytic flux. Systemic, partial PFKFB3 inhibition previously decreased total plaque burden and increased plaque stability. However, it is unclear which cell type conferred these positive effects. Myeloid cells play an important role in atherogenesis, and mainly rely on glycolysis for energy supply. Thus, we studied whether myeloid inhibition of PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis in Ldlr–/–LysMCre+/–Pfkfb3fl/fl (Pfkfb3fl/fl) mice confers beneficial effects on plaque stability and alleviates cardiovascular disease burden compared to Ldlr–/–LysMCre+/–Pfkfb3wt/wt control mice (Pfkfb3wt/wt).

Methods and Results

Analysis of atherosclerotic human and murine single-cell populations confirmed PFKFB3/Pfkfb3 expression in myeloid cells, but also in lymphocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Pfkfb3wt/wt and Pfkfb3fl/fl mice were fed a 0.25% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Pfkfb3fl/fl bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed 50% knockdown of Pfkfb3 mRNA. As expected based on partial glycolysis inhibition, extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis was partially reduced in Pfkfb3fl/fl compared to Pfkfb3wt/wt BMDMs. Unexpectedly, plaque and necrotic core size, as well as macrophage (MAC3), neutrophil (Ly6G) and collagen (Sirius Red) content were unchanged in advanced Pfkfb3fl/fl lesions. Similarly, early lesion plaque and necrotic core size and total plaque burden were unaffected.

Conclusion

Partial myeloid knockdown of PFKFB3 did not affect atherosclerosis development in advanced or early lesions. Previously reported positive effects of systemic, partial PFKFB3 inhibition on lesion stabilization, do not seem conferred by monocytes, macrophages or neutrophils. Instead, other Pfkfb3-expressing cells in atherosclerosis might be responsible, such as DCs, smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts.
Epidermal Lamellar Body Biogenesis: Insight Into the Roles of Golgi and Lysosomes
Authors: Mahanty Sarmistha , Setty Subba Rao Gangi
Published: August 2021

Epidermal lamellar bodies (eLBs) are secretory organelles that carry a wide variety of secretory cargo required for skin homeostasis. eLBs belong to the class of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), which are cell-type-specific organelles that perform diverse functions. The formation of eLBs is thought to be related to that of other LROs, which are formed either through the gradual maturation of Golgi/endosomal precursors or by the conversion of conventional lysosomes. Current evidence suggests that eLB biogenesis presumably initiate from trans-Golgi network and receive cargo from endosomes, and also acquire lysosome characteristics during maturation. These multistep biogenesis processes are frequently disrupted in human skin disorders. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of eLB biogenesis and their relationship to skin diseases. Here, we describe our current understanding on eLB biogenesis with a focus on cargo transport to this LRO and highlight key areas where future research is needed.
Born to Run? Diverse Modes of Epithelial Migration
Authors: Lu Pengfei , Lu Yunzhe
Published: August 2021

Bundled with various kinds of adhesion molecules and anchored to the basement membrane, the epithelium has historically been considered as an immotile tissue and, to migrate, it first needs to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Since its initial description more than half a century ago, the EMT process has fascinated generations of developmental biologists and, more recently, cancer biologists as it is believed to be essential for not only embryonic development, organ formation, but cancer metastasis. However, recent progress shows that epithelium is much more motile than previously realized. Here, we examine the emerging themes in epithelial collective migration and how this has impacted our understanding of EMT.
In vitro Generation of Megakaryocytes and Platelets
Authors: Liu Huicong , Liu Jiaqing , Wang Lingna , Zhu Fangfang
Published: August 2021

Platelets, the tiny anucleate cells responsible for stopping bleeding through thrombosis, are derived from hematopoietic stem cells through a series of differentiation steps. Thrombocytopenia, characterized by abnormally low blood platelet counts, may arise from cancer therapies, trauma, sepsis, as well as blood disorders, and could become a life-threatening problem. Platelet transfusion is the most effective strategy to treat thrombocytopenia, however, the source of platelets is in great shortage. Therefore, in vitro generation of platelets has become an important topic and numerous attempts have been made toward generating platelets from different types of cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, fibroblast cells, and adipose-derived cells. In this review, we will detail the efforts made to produce, in the in vitro culture, platelets from these different cell types. Importantly, as transfusion medicine requires a huge number of platelets, we will highlight some studies on producing platelets on a large scale. Although new methods of gene manipulation, new culture conditions, new cytokines and chemical compounds have been introduced in platelet generation research since the first study of hematopoietic stem cell-derived platelets nearly 30 years ago, limited success has been achieved in obtaining truly mature and functional platelets in vitro, indicating the studies of platelets fall behind those of other blood cell types. This is possibly because megakaryocytes, which produce platelets, are very rare in blood and marrow. We have previously developed a platform to identify new extrinsic and intronic regulators for megakaryocytic lineage development, and in this review, we will also cover our effort on that. In summary, stem cell-based differentiation is a promising way of generating large-scale platelets to meet clinical needs, and continuous study of the cellular development of platelets will greatly facilitate this.
The Paradoxical Role of Cellular Senescence in Cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Liu Mengmeng , Hong Dongchun , Zeng Musheng , Zhang Xing
Published: August 2021

Cellular senescence occurs in proliferating cells as a consequence of various triggers including telomere shortening, DNA damage, and inappropriate expression of oncogenes. The senescent state is accompanied by failure to reenter the cell cycle under mitotic stimulation, resistance to cell death and enhanced secretory phenotype. A growing number of studies have convincingly demonstrated a paradoxical role for spontaneous senescence and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), that senescence may involve both cancer prevention and cancer aggressiveness. Cellular senescence was initially described as a physiological suppressor mechanism of tumor cells, because cancer development requires cell proliferation. However, there is growing evidence that senescent cells may contribute to oncogenesis, partly in a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-dependent manner. On the one hand, SASP prevents cell division and promotes immune clearance of damaged cells, thereby avoiding tumor development. On the other hand, SASP contributes to tumor progression and relapse through creating an immunosuppressive environment. In this review, we performed a review to summarize both bright and dark sides of senescence in cancer, and the strategies to handle senescence in cancer therapy were also discussed.
Isolation and Identification of Isocoumarin Derivatives With Specific Inhibitory Activity Against Wnt Pathway and Metabolome Characterization of Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis
Authors: Pellissier Léonie , Koval Alexey , Marcourt Laurence , Ferreira Queiroz Emerson , Lecoultre Nicole , Leoni Sara , Quiros-Guerrero Luis-Manuel , Barthélémy Morgane , Duivelshof Bastiaan L. , Guillarme Davy , Tardy Sébastien , Eparvier Véronique , Perron Karl , Chave Jérôme , Stien Didier , Gindro Katia , Katanaev Vladimir , Wolfender Jean-Luc
Published: August 2021

The Wnt signaling pathway controls multiple events during embryonic development of multicellular animals and is carcinogenic when aberrantly activated in adults. Breast cancers are dependent on Wnt pathway overactivation mostly through dysregulation of pathway component protein expression, which necessitates the search for therapeutically relevant compounds targeting them. Highly diverse microorganisms as endophytes represent an underexplored field in the therapeutic natural products research. In the present work, the objective was to explore the chemical diversity and presence of selective Wnt inhibitors within a unique collection of fungi isolated as foliar endophytes from the long-lived tropical palmAstrocaryum sciophilum. The fungi were cultured, extracted with ethyl acetate, and screened for their effects on the Wnt pathway and cell proliferation. The endophytic strainLasiodiplodia venezuelensiswas prioritized for scaled-up fractionation based on its selective activity. Application of geometric transfer from analytical HPLC conditions to semi-preparative scale and use of dry load sample introduction enabled the isolation of 15 pure compounds in a single step. Among the molecules identified, five are original natural products described for the first time, and six are new to this species. An active fraction obtained by semi-preparative HPLC was re-purified by UHPLC-PDA using a 1.7 µm phenyl column. 75 injections of 8 µg were necessary to obtain sufficient amounts of each compound for structure elucidation and bioassays. Using this original approach, in addition to the two major compounds, a third minor compound identified as (R)-(-)-5-hydroxymellein (18) was obtained, which was found to be responsible for the significant Wnt inhibition activity recorded. Further studies of this compound and its structural analogs showed that only 18 acts in a highly specific manner, with no acute cytotoxicity. This compound is notably selective for upstream components of the Wnt pathway and is able to inhibit the proliferation of three triple negative breast cancer cell lines. In addition to the discovery of Wnt inhibitors of interest, this study contributes to better characterize the biosynthetic potential ofL. venezuelensis.
In Silico Pharmacokinetics, ADMET Study and Conceptual DFT Analysis of Two Plant Cyclopeptides Isolated From Rosaceae as a Computational Peptidology Approach
Authors: Flores-Holguín Norma , Frau Juan , Glossman-Mitnik Daniel
Published: August 2021

This research presents the outcomes of a computational determination of the chemical reactivity and bioactivity properties of two plant cyclopeptides isolated from Rosaceae through the consideration of Computational Peptidology (CP), a protocol employed previously in the research of similar molecular systems. CP allows the prediction of the global and local descriptors that are the integral foundations of Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT) and which could help in getting in the understanding of the chemical reactivity properties of the two plant cyclopeptides under study, hoping that they could be related to their bioactivity. The methodology based on the Koopmans in DFT (KID) approach and the MN12SX/Def2TZVP/H2O model chemistry has been successfully validated. Various Chemoinformatics tools have been used to improve the process of virtual screening, thus identifying some additional properties of these two plant cyclopeptides connected to their ability to behave as potentially useful drugs. With the further objective of analyzing their bioactivity, the CP protocol is complemented with the estimation of some useful parameters related to pharmacokinetics, their predicted biological targets, and the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) parameters related to the bioavailability of the two plant cyclopeptides under study are also reported.
Strategies of Detecting Bacteria Using Fluorescence-Based Dyes
Authors: Yoon Shin A , Park Sun Young , Cha Yujin , Gopala Lavanya , Lee Min Hee
Published: August 2021

Identification of bacterial strains is critical for the theranostics of bacterial infections and the development of antibiotics. Many organic fluorescent probes have been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional detection methods. These probes can detect bacteria with “off-on” fluorescence change, which enables the real-time imaging and quantitative analysis of bacteria in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of fluorescence-based dyes capable of detecting bacteria. Detection strategies are described, including specific interactions with bacterial cell wall components, bacterial and intracellular enzyme reactions, and peptidoglycan synthesis reactions. These include theranostic probes that allow simultaneous bacterial detection and photodynamic antimicrobial effects. Some examples of other miscellaneous detections in bacteria have also been described. In addition, this review demonstrates the validation of these fluorescent probes using a variety of biological models such as gram-negative and -positive bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, infected cancer cells, tumor-bearing, and infected mice. Prospects for future research are outlined by presenting the importance of effective in vitro and in vivo detection of bacteria and development of antimicrobial agents.
Repurposing Carvedilol as a Novel Inhibitor of the Trypanosoma cruzi Autophagy Flux That Affects Parasite Replication and Survival
Authors: Rivero Cynthia Vanesa , Martínez Santiago José , Novick Paul , Cueto Juan Agustín , Salassa Betiana Nebaí , Vanrell María Cristina , Li Xiaomo , Labriola Carlos Alberto , Polo Luis Mariano , Engman David M. , Clos Joachim , Romano Patricia Silvia
Published: August 2021

T. cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, is a parasite able to infect different types of host cells and to persist chronically in the tissues of human and animal hosts. These qualities and the lack of an effective treatment for the chronic stage of the disease have contributed to the durability and the spread of the disease around the world. There is an urgent necessity to find new therapies for Chagas disease. Drug repurposing is a promising and cost-saving strategy for finding new drugs for different illnesses. In this work we describe the effect of carvedilol on T. cruzi. This compound, selected by virtual screening, increased the accumulation of immature autophagosomes characterized by lower acidity and hydrolytic properties. As a consequence of this action, the survival of trypomastigotes and the replication of epimastigotes and amastigotes were impaired, resulting in a significant reduction of infection and parasite load. Furthermore, carvedilol reduced the whole-body parasite burden peak in infected mice. In summary, in this work we present a repurposed drug with a significant in vitro and in vivo activity against T. cruzi. These data in addition to other pharmacological properties make carvedilol an attractive lead for Chagas disease treatment.
Sex Differences in Gut Microbial Development of Preterm Infant Twins in Early Life: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Hongfei , Hird Sarah M. , Chen Ming-Hui , Xu Wanli , Maas Kendra , Cong Xiaomei
Published: August 2021

Infant gut microbiota plays a vital role in immune response, mediates neurobehavioral development and health maintenance. Studies of twins’ gut microbiota found that gut microbiota composition and diversity tend to be mature and stable with increasing postnatal age (PNA). Preterm infant gut microbiome shifts dramatically when they were staying in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Compositions and shifting characteristics of gut microbiota among neonatal preterm twins and triplets during their early life are still unknown, which impedes a better understanding of the mechanism underpinning neurobehavioral development and precise intervention/health of preterm neonates. This longitudinal cohort study used a twins/triplets design to investigate the interaction of genetic (e.g., male vs. female) and environmental factors influencing the development of the gut microbiome in early life. We included 39 preterm infants, 12 were Female twins/triplets (Female T/T) including 3 twins pairs and 2 triplets, 12 were male twins (Male T) including 6 twins pairs, and 15 were mixed-sex twins/triplets (Mix T/T) including 6 twins pairs and 1 triplet (8 females and 7 males) during the first four weeks of NICU stay. Weekly gut microbiota patterns between females and males were compared by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Metagenomics function of gut microbiota was predicted by using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Weekly function (KEGG pathways) differences between females and males were detected by using Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP). Results found that female pairs and male pairs were significantly different in gut microbiome diversity, compositions, and predicted metabolic profiles, importantly, females and males were also significantly dissimilar within their co-twin/triplet pairs of the mixed-sex group, infants of co-twins/triplets shared more similar features than un-related infants from different twins’ pair. Future research developing personalized interventions for vulnerable high-risk infants should consider sex, and the interaction of sex and environmental factors.