bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Changes in Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature (LST) in the North Bandung Area (NBA)
Authors: Rosleine Dian , Irfan Muhammad
Published: November 2021

North Bandung Area (NBA) was designated as a protected area to regulate the water system around Bandung City. Land conversion from vegetated land into built-up areas can decrease groundwater, increase the risk of floods, landslides, and Land Surface Temperature (LST). This study was conducted to describe LST distribution based on land cover types in specific years of 2010, 2014, and 2018. Landsat 5 and 8 Surface Reflectance (SR) Tier 1 imagery data, West Java land cover maps established by BAPPEDA West Java, and RBI administration maps at a scale of 1: 25,000 were used to generate a map of land cover and LST in this research. There are four land cover classes in NBA, i.e., vegetation, water bodies, open areas, and constructed areas. Within eight years observation (2010 to 2018), bare land decreased from 67.6% (2010) to 57.5% (2018). However, coverage of constructed areas increased within eight years of observation from 22.8% to 27.7 %. In addition, due to the reforestation program, vegetation coverage has slightly increased from 9.6% to 14.7%. LST can be classified into three classes, i.e., low, medium, and high temperature. The area with low and medium-class temperatures decreased from 19% to 16% and 61.3% to 51.7%, respectively. However, high LST increased in NBA 18.7% to 30.3%. The enhancement of 5% vegetation area did not significantly reduce land surface temperature in NBA due to forest conversion to constructed area. Therefore, vegetation coverage must be escalated by reforestation program around NBA to reduce land surface temperature.
Processing possessives in French as a foreign language: Design of an experiment
Authors: Behrens Bergljot , Fabricius-Hansen Cathrine , Pitz Anneliese
Published: November 2021

The paradigm of possessive determiners differs in systematic ways across languages and causes cognitive resolution problems in the interpretation of a foreign language. Based on previous investigations into cross-linguistic influences (CLI) in learners’ interpretation of possessive determiners, this article presents the design of an experiment for testing English, German and Norwegian adult learners of French. We specify two kinds of processing problems: a direction problem (orientation towards possessor vs. possessee) and a problem of lexical parasites (‘false friends’). The experiment is directed at learners’ spontaneous interpretation of the singular possessives "son", "sa" and "ses", on account of a partly false friendship with the possessive determiners in these learners’ first languages.
Processing possessives in simultaneous interpreting from English to Polish
Authors: Stachowiak-Szymczak Katarzyna , Behrens Bergljot
Published: November 2021

The present paper reports on an experiment in which the use of possessives is investigated in an interpreting task from English to Polish. The English possessive determiner system is neutral with respect to the syntactic position of the antecedent possessor, while Polish distinguishes lexically between locally bound – i.e. reflexive – and non-reflexive possessive modifiers. The interpreter therefore has to ‘compute’ mentally the syntactic position of the antecedent possessor in order to make the correct choice in Polish as the target language. The study shows that this is cognitively a very demanding task in simultaneous interpreting, as many errors as well as self-corrections occur. The study furthermore shows that interpreters adapt their language to their audience, and adequate omissions, as well as correct form of the possessive occur more often when they have a group of engineers in mind than when they interpret for language specialists. We understand this to mean that the cognitive complexity of solving the cross-linguistic asymmetry in the possessive system causes more errors when the interpreter stays closer to the source text in speaking to language specialists.
On the interpretation of possessives in Czech: An experimental approach
Authors: Mertins Barbara
Published: November 2021

This paper presents first findings from an offline study of Czech native speakers’ use and interpretation of reflexive and non-reflexive possessive pronouns. The study is part of a larger possessive project outlined by Fabricius-Hansen et al. (2017), leaning on the comprehension experiment presented in Pitz et al. (2017). The study encompasses questionnaire data collected from 259 informants who were tested under four different conditions on two competing pronouns: the reflexive possessive (svůj) and the 3rd person non-reflexive possessive (jeho). The results revealed that Czech native speakers show a strong uncertainty when interpreting constructions with a cataphoric non-reflexive possessive. This shows that even for native speakers, the establishment of the anaphoric and cataphoric relations under certain syntactic conditions is a challenging and highly complex task. With these results, several hypotheses are formulated in various target-source-language pairs concerning the processing of reflexive and non-reflexive possessives in L2.
Description and Quantification of Sexual Dimorphism of Pubic Body Shape in Hispanic Populations Using Elliptic Fourier Analysis
Authors: Cantor Erica , Latham Krista , Nawrocki Stephen
Published: November 2021

Sex estimation is important in the creation of a biological profile for unidentified human remains, as positive identification cannot occur until the decedent’s biological traits have been determined and the range of possible matches has been narrowed. The pubic bone is cited as one of the best indicators of sex due to the constraints of childbirth. Current methods that use the pubic bone for sex estimation, however, rely on poorly defined and subjective observations that are susceptible to inter-and intraobserver error. Additionally, many of the methods currently in use are based on North American populations and thus may not necessarily model the variation seen in other populations around the globe. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of variation in pubic bone shape in Hispanic populations by separating the influences of sex, ancestry, and age at death. A total of 164 pubic bones from North American Hispanic and Chilean individuals were compared to 287 pubic bones from individuals of Euro-American ancestry from North American collections, using Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) of photographs, principal component analysis, and ANCOVA. EFA generated five effective principal components that collectively describe approximately 95% of the variation in the shape of the pubic body. Sex, age at death, and ancestry were all found to significantly influence shape but explained only 25% of the overall variation. The remaining 75% is likely influenced by variables that cannot be controlled for in anthropological analysis, underscoring how little variance in skeletal morphology is actually explainable.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a Tool for Positive Identification from Frontal Sinus Radiographs
Authors: Watson Jenna
Published: November 2021

Frontal sinus radiographs are frequently used to identify human remains. However, the method of visually comparing antemortem (AM) to postmortem (PM) cranial radiographs has been criticized for being a subjective approach that relies on practitioner experience, training, and judgment rather than on objective, quantifiable procedures with published error rates. The objective of this study was to explore the use of ArcMap and its spatial analysis tool, Similarity Search, as a quantifiable, reliable, and reproducible method for identifying frontal sinus matches from cranial radiographs. Using cranial radiographs of 100 individuals from the William M. Bass DonatedSkeletal Collection, the frontal sinuses were digitized to create two-dimensional polygons. Similarity Search was evaluated on its ability to identify the correct AM radiograph using three variables: the number of scallops and the area and perimeter values of the polygons. Using all three variables, Similarity Search correctly identified the true match AM polygon in 58% of the male groups and in 62% of the female groups. These results indicate that ArcMap can be used with frontal sinus radiographs. However, further analysis of the three variables revealed that scallop number did not provide sufficient information about frontal sinus shape to increase the accuracy of Similarity Search, and area and perimeter only captured the size of the frontal sinus polygons, not shape. This research is a first step in developing a user-friendly, quantifiable frontal sinus comparison method for the purpose of positive identification.
Steven A. Symes
Authors: Passalacqua Nicholas , Messer Diana , Symes Steven
Published: November 2021

Steven A. Symes is primarily known for his scholarly work on skeletal trauma analysis and for his applied casework and frequent courtroom appearances providing forensic anthropology testimony. However, many may not know that throughout his career Steve has also been a proponent of photography and microscopy. This biography serves to introduce some and enlighten others as to how Steve ended up in forensic anthropology, highlighting aspects of Steve as a mentor, colleague, and friend. This manuscript is based on a chat between the authors, with some details filled in via supporting documents and colleagues.
Review of: Ethics and Professionalism in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: France Diane
Published: November 2021

Ethics and Professionalism in Forensic Anthropology, Nicholas V. Passalacqua and Marin A. Pilloud. London: Academic Press, 2018. 135 pp.
Séries Temporais e Técnicas de Regressão: Uma Análise Comparativa a Partir de Dados de Precipitações Pluviométricas Coletados por Estação Meteorológica Automática
Authors: Oliveira Ananias Caetano de , Oliveira Adonias Caetano de , Brito Rhyan Ximenes de
Published: November 2021

As previsões de chuva-vazões são aplicadas em cenários de falta de chuvas, como as estiagens e as secas, principal cenário nordestino. No intuito de contribuir com possíveis modelos hidrológicos de apoio à gestão dos recursos hídricos, este artigo analisa o desempenho de Random Forest, Regressão Polinomial e Support Vector Regression Machines em uma série de dados de vazão e chuvas diárias obtidos de uma estação pluviométrica. Os melhores resultados apresentaram o R2 entre 49,8% e 53,2% de acordo com abordagem aplicada para o problema estudado.
Segmentação de imagens de ultrassonografia da carcaça em pequenos ruminantes utilizando Deep Learning
Authors: Oliveira Tiago M. , Sarmento José L. R. , Figueiredo Filho Luiz A. S. , Silva Romuere R. V.
Published: November 2021

Brazil is one of the main countries operating in the agribusiness sector. Sheep and goat farming is one of the segments of Brazilian agribusiness. The evaluation of each carcass of goats and sheep is carried out by a specialist who evaluates them based on visual aspects, being susceptible to errors in the final evaluation. In this context, the purpose of this work is to use Convolutional Neural Networks to segment the Longissimus dorsi muscle area in ultrasonographic images of small ruminants. Our experiments showed that the PSPNet CNN architecture achieved the results with an Intersect over Union (IoU) rate of 0.89. It was possible to obtain a precise segmentation of the images, which will allow the producer to correctly diagnose the measurements of the animals with greater practicality and saving time.
Implementação de um Sistema de Monitoramento de Utilização de Máscaras em Faces Utilizando Algoritmo de Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Monteiro João Pedro Lourenço , Carvalho Junior Geraldo Castro , Magalhães Yonara Costa , Almeida Will Ribamar Mendes
Published: November 2021

A Inteligência Artificial tem ganhado força na área de visão computacional para reconhecimento de rostos. No contexto da COVID-19, a aplicação de monitoramento facial foi estendida para a identificação de rostos que utilizam máscaras de proteção. Propõe-se construir uma solução utilizando técnicas de Machine Learning para detecção de máscaras de proteção e, posteriormente, gerar dados que subsidiem as políticas públicas quanto à obrigatoriedade do uso destas máscaras. Como resultados preliminares, foi desenvolvido o modelo de classificação, a partir de um banco de imagens, deste monitoramento cujas métricas de avaliação foram satisfatórias.
Avaliação de Desempenho de Nuvens usando Microsserviços
Authors: Feitosa Leonel , Victor Carlos , Carvalho Juliana , Silva Francisco Airton
Published: November 2021

O processo de utilização de microsserviços no desenvolvimento de aplicações permite que estes microsserviços sejam distribuídos em diferentes provedores de nuvem de forma independente, porém gerando uma impressão que estão implantados em um único serviço. Dessa forma a utilização de microsserviços ganha força no mercado, possuindo uma maior predominância nas grandes corporações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um sistema que utiliza arquitetura de microsserviços implantada em múltiplas nuvens. Para os experimentos foram utilizados três provedores diferentes, AWS (Amazon Web Services), Google Cloud e Azure, todas as instâncias funcionam de forma independente. Os experimentos foram realizados com a aplicação de forma centralizada e distribuída. Os resultados mostram o desempenho para os cenários avaliados e as particularidades de cada um deles.
Aventura Espacial: proposta de atividade para o desenvolvimento do Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Rosa Yuri da Silva , Reiser Renata Hax Sander , Cavalheiro Simone André da Costa , Foss Luciana , Du Bois André Rauber , Mazzini Ana Rita , Piana Clause Fátima de Brum
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho descreve a proposta de uma atividade didática e lúdica que visa incentivar a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de habilidades estratégicas, fundamentadas no Pensamento Computacional (PC). Organizada em cinco tarefas, a descrição detalhada da atividade visa motivar sobre a relevância do conhecimento, manipulação e aplicação de estruturas de dados na resolução de problemas. Quanto à qualificação e abrangência, a proposta promove efetiva interação entre docentes e/ou discentes da Computação com professores e/ou alunos de Escolas de Ensino Fundamental, consolidando experimentação de métodos e técnicas de aprendizagem via PC em largo espectro, do ensino acadêmico até o fundamental.
A Experiência do Letramento Digital para Professores Municipais do Ensino Básico Durante a Pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Silva Maria Erilane L. da , Gama Anny Alice L. , Pinheiro Francisco Victor da S. , Bezerra Carla I. M. , Tavares Wladimir A. , Oliveira Paulo de Tarso G.
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência sobre o letramento digital ministrado para professores da rede municipal de ensino de Quixadá, como ação de extensão da Universidade Federal do Ceará - Campus Quixadá. O curso foi ministrado virtualmente para 217 professores da educação básica. O relatório apresenta a metodologia e avaliação realizada com os professores. Como resultado da avaliação, constatou-se que o curso foi de grande relevância, visto que 77,8% dos professores conseguiram aplicar o conteúdo em sala de aula e 19,4% ainda pretendem aplicá-lo.
Uso da arquitetura pedagógica Projeto de Aprendizagem como suporte à prática docente em aulas síncronas
Authors: Michels Ana Beatriz , Jacaúna Ricardo Daniell Prestes , Menezes Crediné Silva de
Published: November 2021

O uso de metodologias ativas, quando planejadas segundo os preceitos de uma arquitetura pedagógica, oportuniza a construção cooperativa de conhecimento pelos alunos. O presente artigo apresenta uma experiência de uso da arquitetura pedagógica Projeto de Aprendizagem enquanto proposta de aprendizagem por investigação. A partir de uma pesquisa explicativa, de natureza qualitativa, a arquitetura pedagógica é apresentada enquanto potencial qualificação da prática docente, sendo exemplificada através de uma questão de investigação que buscou responder como favorecer atividades colaborativas em aulas síncronas online. A experiência possibilitou o exercício de tomada de consciência sobre o tema trabalhado.
Percepções Técnicas e Sociais de Fatores que Impactam no Desempenho de Práticas de Estágio Supervisionado em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Coutinho Emanuel Ferreira , Magalhães Regis Pires , Sousa Virgínia Farias de
Published: November 2021

Mudanças na rotina de atividades de desenvolvimento de sistemas ocorrem constantemente devido a diversos fatores como tecnologias, recursos e situações excepcionais. Uma dessas atividades é o estágio supervisionado, que promove contato com a realidade profissional, dialogar com profissionais mais experientes, e obter troca de experiências. Devido à pandemia do COVID-19, muitas ações de estágio supervisionado tiveram que se adaptar a uma realidade de execução de atividades de forma remota. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar percepções dos alunos nas práticas de desenvolvimento de sistemas durante o período da pandemia, em atividades de estágio supervisionado. Para isto, um questionário foi projetado e uma análise qualitativa com Grounded Theory. Como grandes conclusões do trabalho, obteve-se: o ambiente de trabalho é essencial para um bom desempenho das atividades; uma infraestrutura adequada impacta diretamente na produtividade; e sentimentos e problemas pessoais devem ser tratados com cuidado quando da execução de atividades remotas.
Relato de Uso de Estratégias Ativas e Tecnologias Digitais no Ensino de TICs para Pedagogia EaD
Authors: Fassbinder Aracele Garcia de Oliveira , Baldan Cristiane Fortes Gris
Published: November 2021

Este artigo descreve um relato de experiência com o ensino de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) para 190 estudantes de uma turma do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, modalidade EaD, durante o ano de 2020, em uma instituição federal. A disciplina foi conduzida com atividades centradas nos estudantes, sejam elas individuais ou coletivas, e os mesmos tiveram que demonstrar a capacidade de usar ferramentas, criar objetos de aprendizagem e aplicar o conhecimento em contextos relacionados às categorias abordadas no curso (Gestão Escolar, Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I). A Educational Design Research (EDR) guiou a construção dessa intervenção. O uso de estratégias ativas, tais como aprendizagem baseada em casos, em pares e em projetos, bem como ferramentas digitais, em oposição a abordagens tradicionais de ensino de informática para o contexto EaD, trouxe engajamento e aprendizagem significativa.
Russian Environmental Legislation
Authors: Gaevskaya Ekaterina Yu. , Vagina Olga V.
Published: November 2021

The authors of the article have analyzed the history of environmental legislation in the Russian Federation as a comprehensive industry, including laws on natural resources and nature conservation, the development of this branch as an independent one, and trends of its further improvement in modern conditions.
Primeval Forest, Homeland, Catastrophe. Travels in Malaya and “Modern Ethnology” with Pavel Šebesta / Paul Schebesta. Part II
Authors: Mrázek Jan
Published: November 2021

Dwarf tribes still live as remnants of dusky ancient times in almost all parts of the world. We find them in central Africa, Andaman Islands, the Philippines, and the Malay Peninsula. In Farther India, I lived with them for many months, I was their guest and comrade on their travels through primeval forests, I shared tough life with them and glanced into their lofty spiritual life. This book will narrate about this nation and about its homeland, the dark, magnificent primeval forest.
Leftwardness. An Aspect of Prohi‐ bitions in the Igbo Culture
Authors: Onukawa Edith Ngozi
Published: November 2021

Leftwardness, as used here, refers to any issue or activity that is associated with the left side, especially the left hand. Leftwardness seems to have been an aspect of prohibitions of virtually all known cultures, but presently the seriousness attached to its rejection is sustained in not too many cultures. One of the known cultures in which leftwardness is still seriously prohibitive is the Igbo culture. Among the Igbo of Southern Nigeria, leftwardness is seriously unacceptable/impermissible (but not tabooed). The prohibition of leftwardness in the Igbo culture is expressed via the parts of the body, especially the ones that occur in pairs: the hands, feet, eyes. This article discusses the prohibitions of leftwardness among the Igbo with ample exemplifications.
Anthropology as a Counterculture. Against the Mainstream (from the 1960s until Today)
Authors: Kuligowski Waldemar
Published: November 2021

This article is an attempt to ascertain the relationship between anthropology and counterculture. However, I am interested not so much in artistic affiliations (though, certainly, extremely interesting), but rather in strategies of activity and a specific shared “spirit” of resistance. My assumption is that anthropology has been a critical discipline from its beginnings, transgressing the cultural, social, political, and even moral mainstream. A dialogical, collaborative, advocational, and activist attitude are all hallmarks of an anthropological counterculture. In this context I focus on three unusual events: the American Indian Chicago Conference organized by Sol Tax in 1961, the “teach-in” concept “invented” by Marshall Sahlins in 1965, and the Special Convention of Polish Ethnologists and Anthropologists that took place in 2016. What could be the consequences of such countercultural attitudes for anthropology?
Emanzipation durch Rechtsdogmatik?
Authors: Rehm Titus
Published: November 2021

In den vergangenen Jahren sind in Folge einer Entscheidung des LG Magdeburg einige wissenschaftliche Beiträge erschienen, die sich dem Thema gewidmet haben, ob Tieren Notwehrbefugnisse nach § 32 StGB zukommen. Die Frage wird in engem Zusammenhang mit dem Rechtsstatus von Tieren diskutiert: Sind diese anerkannte Rechtssubjekte mit eigenen Rechten oder bloße Objekte des Rechts? Ein Teil der Befürworter der Tiernothilfe gründet ihre Position explizit auf die Annahme der Rechtssubjektivität von Tieren. Ausgehend von einer dogmatischen Untersuchung des geltenden Straf- und Tierschutzrechts wird diese Position als nicht gerechtfertigte Rechtsfortbildung eingeordnet. Die Argumentationsweise, die zur Begründung der Rechtssubjektivität von Tieren in Anschlag gebracht wird, wird sodann mithilfe von Anne Röthels Analyse des Verhältnisses politischer Emanzipationsbestrebungen und rechtswissenschaftlicher Abwehrmanöver als rechtswissenschaftliche Verschleierungstaktik zur Beförderung politischer Ziele kritisiert. Politik und Rechtswissenschaft bedienen sich danach derselben rhetorischen Mittel - freilich unter umgekehrten Vorzeichen: Eine lückenhafte Darstellung des geltenden Rechts kann zur Abwehr politischer Emanzipationsanliegen ebenso angewendet werden, wie zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Beförderung emanzipatorischer Ziele.
Tre personaggi in cerca di autore: il Mimiambo 3 di Eronda e la critica letteraria nel Giambo 2 di Callimaco
Authors: Piacenza Nicola
Published: November 2021

The first part of the article offers a metapoetic interpretation of Herondas’ Mimiamb 3, suggesting that the Hellenistic poet describes Cottalos and his passion for dice with allusion to Alexander Aetolus that wrote Astragalistai. In the second part, starting from some touch points between Mimiamb 3 and Calliamchus’ Iambus 2 (in particular the presence of three mysterious characters with similar names), the author gives some evidence for the identification of that characters with three poets who lived at that time and had undoubted contacts both with Alexander Aetolus and Callimachus: they are Antagoras of Rhodes, Philicus of Corcyra and Timon of Phlius.

L’articolo offre nella prima parte un’interpretazione metapoetica del Mimiambo 3 di Eronda, suggerendo che il poeta ellenistico descriva Cottalo e la sua passione per i dadi con allusione ad Alessandro Etolo che scrisse gli Astragalistai. Nella seconda parte, prendendo le mosse da alcuni punti in comune tra il Mimiambo 3 ed il Giambo 2 di Callimaco (in particolare la presenza di tre misteriosi personaggi con nomi simili), vengono fornite alcune prove per l’identificazione di tali personaggi con tre poeti che vissero in quel periodo ed ebbero sicuri contatti sia con Alessandro Etolo che con Callimaco: si tratta di Antagora di Rodi, Filisco di Corcira e Timone di Fliunte.
Génesis y destino de dos manuscritos de Platón: de Bizancio al Escorial a través de la Biblioteca Vaticana
Authors: Martínez Manzano Teresa
Published: November 2021

Utilizando datos de orden textual, paleográfico, codicológico e histórico se examina en primer lugar la historia del manuscrito platónico Escur. Ψ I 1 desde su confección en Corfú a cargo de Demetrio Triboles en 1461-1462 hasta su adquisición por parte de Antonio Agustín a mediados del s. XVI. Tras analizar las fuentes textuales del códice y la dinámica de la copia, se concluye, a través del examen de los inventarios de la Biblioteca Vaticana, que el manuscrito formó parte de los fondos de esa biblioteca hasta el Saco de Roma de 1527. Se demuestra asimismo que otro códice platónico conservado en El Escorial, Escur. y I 13, procede también de la Biblioteca Vaticana, de donde desapareció igualmente con motivo del Saco antes de ser adquirido por Juan Páez de Castro. Se intenta además demostrar que tanto el Escur. Ψ I 1 como el Escur. y I 13 formaban parte de los fondos de la Vaticana ya desde 1475.

Basing on textual, palaeographic, codicological and historic evidence, this paper firstly examines the history of the Platonic manuscript Escur. Ψ I 1 since its making in Corfu by Demetrios Triboles in 1461-62 till its purchase by Antonio Agustín in the middle of the 16th century. The textual sources of this codex and the copying process are also analysed. The conclusion reached through the examination of inventories in the Vatican Library is that the manuscript belonged to that library till the Sack of Rome in 1527. Secondly, this paper proves that another Platonic codex kept in El Escorial, Escur. y I 13, comes as well from the Vatican Library, from where it disappeared on the occasion of the Sack, and was later purchased by Juan Páez de Castro. Additionally, an attempt is made to prove that both Escur. Ψ I 1 and Escur. y I 13 belonged to the Vatican Library as early as 1475.
Other space in the Yakut heroic epic poetry (based on Olonkho of Vilyuysky tradition)
Authors: Kuzmina Aitalina Akhmetovna
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the semantics, structure and plotline of other space in the Yakut heroic epic poetry. The object is the texts of the Yakut heroic epic poetry, namely Olonkho of Vilyuysky tradition. The goal lies in comprehensive analysis of the category of other space in the Yakut heroic epic poetry, particularly Olonkho of Vilyuysky tradition. The article employs the systemic analysis of Olonkho poetics, structural-semantic analysis, and comparative method. Special attention is given to construction of mythopoetic model of the world and correlation between space and plot of the epic poem. The acquired results can be implemented in folklore studies. The novelty of this research consists in the analysis of other space in Olonkho from the perspective of its semantics, structure, and narrative role. This article is first to describe the peculiarities of other space in the texts of Vilyuysky epic tradition. It is determined that other space in the Yakut heroic epic poetry Olonkho is depicted in form of the Lower and Upper worlds, “foreign country” in the Middle world, intermediate zones that hold an important place within the epic worldview and course of events in the plot of Olonkho. The author notes that the texts of Vilyuysky Olonkho preserve the traditional techniques depicting the three worlds; and the difference lies in emergence of the image of shaman dwelling in the intermediate zone, prevalence of the entry into the Lower world without demarcation of its boundaries.
The molecular appearance of native TRPM7 channel complexes identified by high-resolution proteomics
Authors: Kollewe Astrid , Chubanov Vladimir , Tseung Fong Tsuen , Correia Leonor , Schmidt Eva , Rössig Anna , Zierler Susanna , Haupt Alexander , Müller Catrin Swantje , Bildl Wolfgang , Schulte Uwe , Nicke Annette , Fakler Bernd , Gudermann Thomas
Published: November 2021

The transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein consisting of ion channel and protein kinase domains. TRPM7 plays a fundamental role in the cellular uptake of divalent cations such as Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and thus shapes cellular excitability, plasticity, and metabolic activity. The molecular appearance and operation of TRPM7 channels in native tissues have remained unresolved. Here, we investigated the subunit composition of endogenous TRPM7 channels in rodent brain by multi-epitope affinity purification and high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. We found that native TRPM7 channels are high-molecular-weight multi-protein complexes that contain the putative metal transporter proteins CNNM1-4 and a small G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 15 (ARL15). Heterologous reconstitution experiments confirmed the formation of TRPM7/CNNM/ARL15 ternary complexes and indicated that complex formation effectively and specifically impacts TRPM7 activity. These results open up new avenues towards a mechanistic understanding of the cellular regulation and function of TRPM7 channels.
Ca2+/CaM binding to CaMKI promotes IMA-3 importin binding and nuclear translocation in sensory neurons to control behavioral adaptation
Authors: Ippolito Domenica , Thapliyal Saurabh , Glauser Dominique A
Published: November 2021

Sensory and behavioral plasticity are essential for animals to thrive in changing environments. As key effectors of intracellular calcium signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) can bridge neural activation with the many regulatory processes needed to orchestrate sensory adaptation, including by relaying signals to the nucleus. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling the cell activation-dependent nuclear translocation of CMK-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian CaMKI/IV, in thermosensory neurons in vivo. We show that an intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation is necessary and sufficient to favor CMK-1 nuclear import. The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CMK-1 increases its affinity for IMA-3 importin, causing a redistribution with a relatively slow kinetics, matching the timescale of sensory adaptation. Furthermore, we show that this mechanism enables the encoding of opposite nuclear signals in neuron types with opposite calcium-responses and that it is essential for experience-dependent behavioral plasticity and gene transcription control in vivo. Since CaMKI/IV are conserved regulators of adaptable behaviors, similar mechanisms could exist in other organisms and for other sensory modalities.
A conserved neuropeptide system links head and body motor circuits to enable adaptive behavior
Authors: Ramachandran Shankar , Banerjee Navonil , Bhattacharya Raja , Lemons Michele L , Florman Jeremy , Lambert Christopher M , Touroutine Denis , Alexander Kellianne , Schoofs Liliane , Alkema Mark J , Beets Isabel , Francis Michael M
Published: November 2021

Neuromodulators promote adaptive behaviors that are often complex and involve concerted activity changes across circuits that are often not physically connected. It is not well understood how neuromodulatory systems accomplish these tasks. Here, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans NLP-12 neuropeptide system shapes responses to food availability by modulating the activity of head and body wall motor neurons through alternate G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) targets, CKR-1 and CKR-2. We show ckr-2 deletion reduces body bend depth during movement under basal conditions. We demonstrate CKR-1 is a functional NLP-12 receptor and define its expression in the nervous system. In contrast to basal locomotion, biased CKR-1 GPCR stimulation of head motor neurons promotes turning during local searching. Deletion of ckr-1 reduces head neuron activity and diminishes turning while specific ckr-1 overexpression or head neuron activation promote turning. Thus, our studies suggest locomotor responses to changing food availability are regulated through conditional NLP-12 stimulation of head or body wall motor circuits.
Prediction of COVID-19 epidemic situation via fine-tuned IndRNN
Authors: Hong Zhonghua , Fan Ziyang , Tong Xiaohua , Zhou Ruyan , Pan Haiyan , Zhang Yun , Han Yanling , Wang Jing , Yang Shuhu , Wu Hong , Li Jiahao
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most serious catastrophe since the Second World War. To predict the epidemic more accurately under the influence of policies, a framework based on Independently Recurrent Neural Network (IndRNN) with fine-tuning are proposed for predict the epidemic development trend of confirmed cases and deaths in the United Stated, India, Brazil, France, Russia, China, and the world to late May, 2021. The proposed framework consists of four main steps: data pre-processing, model pre-training and weight saving, the weight fine-tuning, trend predicting and validating. It is concluded that the proposed framework based on IndRNN and fine-tuning with high speed and low complexity, has great fitting and prediction performance. The applied fine-tuning strategy can effectively reduce the error by up to 20.94% and time cost. For most of the countries, the MAPEs of fine-tuned IndRNN model were less than 1.2%, the minimum MAPE and RMSE were 0.05%, and 1.17, respectively, by using Chinese deaths, during the testing phase. According to the prediction and validation results, the MAPEs of the proposed framework were less than 6.2% in most cases, and it generated lowest MAPE and RMSE values of 0.05% and 2.14, respectively, for deaths in China. Moreover, Policies that play an important role in the development of COVID-19 have been summarized. Timely and appropriate measures can greatly reduce the spread of COVID-19; untimely and inappropriate government policies, lax regulations, and insufficient public cooperation are the reasons for the aggravation of the epidemic situations. The code is available at https://github.com/zhhongsh/COVID19-Precdiction. And the prediction by IndRNN model with fine-tuning are now available online (http://47.117.160.245:8088/IndRNNPredict).
Characteristics of solar radiation at Xiaotang, in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Jin Lili , Zhou Sasa , He Qing , Abbas Alim
Published: November 2021

The characteristics of solar radiation and the influence of sand and dust on solar radiation in the northern margin of Taklimakan Desert were analyzed using radiation observation data from 2018. The results showed that the annual total radiation, direct radiation, and scattered radiation at Xiaotang were 5,781.8, 2,337.9, and 3,323.8 MJ m−2, respectively. The maximum monthly total radiation, direct radiation, and scattered radiation were observed in July (679.8 MJ m−2), August (317.3 MJ m−2), and May (455.7 MJ m−2), respectively. The aerosol optical depth corresponded well with the scattered radiation, and the maximum value was in May. Further analysis showed a significant correlation between the total radiation and solar height angle under different weather conditions. Under the same solar height angle, total radiation was higher during clear days but lower on sandstorm days. Calculation of atmospheric transmittance showed that the average atmospheric transmittance on a clear day was 0.67; on sand-and-dust days, it was 0.46. When the atmospheric transmittance was 0.5, the increase in scattering radiation by aerosol in the air began to decrease. Probability analysis of radiation indicated the following probabilities of total radiation <500 W m−2occurring on clear, floating-dust, blowing-sand, and sandstorm days: 67.1%, 76.3%, 76.1%, and 91.8%, respectively. Dust had the greatest influence on direct radiation; the probabilities of direct radiation <200 W m−2occurring on clear, floating-dust, blowing-sand, and sandstorm days were 44.5%, 93.5%, 91.3%, and 100%, respectively, whereas those of scattered radiation <600 W m−2were 100%, 99.1%, 98.1%, and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the presence of dust in the air will reduce scattered radiation.
Treatment with sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate prevents liver injury in an ischemia-reperfusion model in female Wistar rats
Authors: Cienfuegos-Pecina Eduardo , Moreno-Peña Diana P. , Torres-González Liliana , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Diana Raquel , Garza-Villarreal Diana , Mendoza-Hernández Oscar H. , Flores-Cantú Raul Alejandro , Samaniego Sáenz Brenda Alejandra , Alarcon-Galvan Gabriela , Muñoz-Espinosa Linda E. , Ibarra-Rivera Tannya R. , Saucedo Alma L. , Cordero-Pérez Paula
Published: November 2021

Background

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the leading causes of early graft dysfunction in liver transplantation. Techniques such as ischemic preconditioning protect the graft through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which are downregulated by the EGLN family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases, a potential biological target for the development of strategies based on pharmacological preconditioning. For that reason, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the EGLN inhibitor sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2HG] on liver IR injury in Wistar rats.

Methods

Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: sham (SH, n = 7), non-toxicity (HGTox, n = 7, 25 mg/kg of (S)-2HG, twice per day for two days), IR (n = 7, total liver ischemia: 20 minutes, reperfusion: 60 minutes), and (S)-2HG+IR (HGIR, n = 7, 25 mg/kg of (S)-2HG, twice per day for two days, total liver ischemia as the IR group). Serum ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, glucose, and total bilirubin were assessed. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured in liver tissue, as well as the expression of Hmox1, Vegfa, and Pdk1, determined by RT-qPCR. Sections of liver tissue were evaluated histologically, assessing the severity of necrosis, sinusoidal congestion, and cytoplasmatic vacuolization.

Results

The administration of (S)-2HG did not cause any alteration in the assessed biochemical markers compared to SH. Preconditioning with (S)-2HG significantly ameliorated IR injury in the HGIR group, decreasing the serum activities of ALT, AST, and LDH, and the tissue concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to the IR group. IR injury decreased serum glucose compared to SH. There were no differences in the other biomarkers assessed. The treatment with (S)-2HG tended to decrease the severity of hepatocyte necrosis and sinusoidal congestion compared to the IR group. The administration of (S)-2HG did not affect the expression of Hmox1 but decreased the expression of both Vegfa and Pdk1 compared to the SH group, suggesting that the HIF-1 pathway is not involved in its mechanism of hepatoprotection. In conclusion, (S)-2HG showed a hepatoprotective effect, decreasing the levels of liver injury and inflammation biomarkers, without evidence of the involvement of the HIF-1 pathway. No hepatotoxic effect was observed at the tested dose.
Ability of Optical Coherence Tomography in Early Detection of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Jewariya Pinky , Sharma Manish , Parwal Sandeep , Khilnani Kamlesh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: As glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness, its early diagnosis is crucial. Standard Visual Field (VF) examinations are used in the diagnosis and follow-up of glaucoma, but the major drawback is that the abnormalities do not appear until 20-40% of ganglion cells are lost. Defects in the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), is an excellent objective and quantitative method in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma at earlier stages. Aim: To assess the ability of OCT in diagnosing early glaucomatous changes using RNFL, Optic Nerve Head (ONH) and macular thickness parameters. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case control study was done for 18 months at Department of Ophthalmology, Sawai Man Singh (SMS) Hospital and Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Fifty patients meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated in the study as case group. To compare the results with those of a normal population 50 age and sex matched subjects were included. Each subject underwent detailed ocular examination and RNFL, ONH and macular thickness parameters were measured using Spectral Domain (SD) OCT. The unpaired t-test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) with its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 50 glaucoma or glaucoma suspect cases and 50 controls partcipated in the present study, i.e., 100 eyes in each group were studied. Mean RNFL thickness, superior thickness, inferior thickness and temporal thickness were significantly (p<0.05) lower among cases than controls. Cup area, cup/disc (C/D) area ratio, horizontal and vertical cup to disc ratio (CDR) were significantly (p=0.0001) higher among cases than controls. Vertically Integrated Rim Area (VIRA) was significantly (p<0.05) lower among cases (0.19±0.13) than controls (0.28±0.05). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in disc area between cases and controls. All the macular thickness parameters were significantly (p<0.05) lower among cases than controls except fovea. Overall, ONH and macular thickness parameters had high sensitivity and specificity than RNFL parameters in glaucoma patients. Conclusion: The present study found that a combination of RNFL, ONH and macular thickness parameters improved the diagnostic accuracy of OCT in early detection of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG).
Impact of Enforcing Lockdown in Spread of COVID-19 Infection in Central India: An Observational Study
Authors: Bhatia Padma , Trivedi Anshuli , Mishra Santosh Kumar , Wadhwani Ashish , Pal Dinesh Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The lockdown was implemented nationally for six weeks, followed by another two weeks of graded lockdown in districts in India as a means to prevent spread of infection. During this period, there was restriction of movement of residents except for those engaged in providing essential services. Aim: To find out socio-demographic profile of patients along with the impact of lockdown and spread of Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection post-lockdown. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in Bairagarh, a suburban area of Bhopal. The study was conducted for three months i.e. from 9th April 2020 to 9th July 2020. A contact tracing questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was collected by actual visiting the patient’s address. The data collected was compiled and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2020. The patients were instructed to inform the data collector of any post-viral symptoms after 15 days of diagnosis to find out any post-viral complaints. Percentages and proportions were derived using Epi info-7.0. Results: During the study period of three months, in total 90 patients were interviewed. Almost 85.5% cases were found post-lockdown. Most common age group to be involved was 31-45 years. Males were more commonly infected. Only 14.44% patients who worked during lockdown were infected. Almost 26.6% patients were involved in cloth merchandise business which was closed during lockdown and had a sudden upsurge in business during unlock. In total 47.7% patients were asymptomatic when tested. Relative Risk (RR) of acquiring infection post-lockdown was 1.13. Doubling rate of infection among study population during lockdown was found to be 14.05 days compared to 5.35 days post-lockdown. Almost 80% patients did not have any post-viral symptoms. The most common symptom seen was nose block. Conclusion: The lockdown was found to be effective strategy in controlling spread of COVID-19 infection as post-lockdown there was sudden increase in number positive cases.
Comparison of Growth in Children of 6 to 59 Months of Age According to Birth Order: Insights from the National Family Health Survey-4
Authors: Dharmaraj Aravind , Ghimire Ananta , Chinnaiyan Saravanan , Tiwari Amrendra Kumar , Barik Rajendra Kumar
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world. Higher birth order of the child contributes to higher chance of being undernutrition. But, the relationship between birth order and undernutrition has not been fully studied and understood, especially in India where the fertility rate was high. Aim: To understand the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition using National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) India. Materials and Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted during January 2015 to December 2016. This study used information from a total weighted sample of 128859 children from India NFHS-4. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to investigate the association of undernutrition with birth order, other child, maternal and socio-economic factors. Three models were constructed for the study, model 1 as univariate, model 2 adjusting with birth order and socio-economic predictors and model 3 adjusting with all the predictors included in the study. Results: Of the 128859 children, median Inter Quartile Range (IQR) age was 26 (16-41) months with female/male ratio was 1:1.2. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 37.93% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.67-38.20), 34.02% (95% CI 33.76-34.28) and 20.70% (95% CI 20.48-20.92), respectively. Model-1, 2 and 3 showed that the child's higher birth order was found to have higher odds of being stunted and underweight compared with first born children. Children with lower wealth quintiles, male, vaginal delivery had higher odds of being stunted, wasted and underweight in the model-3 adjusted analysis. Conclusion: This study indicates that higher birth order was a significant predictor of a child being stunted and underweight, as it is significant in all three models. However, further longitudinal studies are required to establish a cause-effect relationship between birth order and undernutrition and future interventions to prevent undernutrition should consider birth order as an important factor.