bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maslahah Yang Bersumberkan Sunnah Nabawiyyah dan Pengaplikasiannya dalam Garis Panduan Pembukaan Semula Sekolah Akibat Covid-19 (Maslahah Sourced from Sunnah Nabawiyyah and its Application in the Guidelines for School Reopening Due to Covid-19)
Authors: Ahmad Afnan Faiz Ridzuan , Sulong Jasni
Published: July 2021

T
The Movement Control Order (MCO) was declared by the Malaysian Government on 18 March 2020 to avoid the transmission of the Covid -19 infection.  The MCO was continued until phase four and then commenced to the Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) which was less restrictive starting 4 May 2020.  For the first two months of the implementation of the MCO, all business premises, places of worship and educational institutions were closed totally to the public. schools were reopened in stages during the CMCO following the advice of the Ministry of Health (MOH).  The objective of this research is to do an analysis of the maslahah element which was applied in the management of the reopening of schools according to the Sunnah Nabawiyyah perspective.  This research was conducted using the qualitative method which involved literature and field research.  By analyzing the primary documents released by the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the feedback posted by the mass media, the research found that the maslahah element such as maslahah daruriyyah, dunyawiyah and khassah are already implemented by the MOE in the preparation of School Reopening Management Guidelines.  This element was aimed specifically in order to safeguard the health and the well-being of the students and the teachers.  Even though education is important and mandatory for all, yet the constraints faced by the people concerned are equally important. Thus, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is for the sake of making sure the well-being of school community is assured from the disease. Therefore, the guidelines of school reopening are in line with the Islamic approach based on the discussion of maqasid al-syari'ah which is to realize maslahah for human beings and avoiding any bad circumstances.
El comunalismo como acción política en la protección y negociación del territorio y sus recursos naturales en los pueblos nahuas de Michoacán, México
Authors: Figueroa Serrano David
Published: July 2021

El comunialismo como referente de organización y acción política en los pueblos indígenas ha sido una estrategia en la negociación, protección y acceso a los recursos naturales, en este texto se analiza el caso de los pueblos nahuas de Michoacán, México. Las relaciones socioambientales de los pueblos indígenas están ampliamente influenciadas por la acción de diferentes actores, principalmente de las instituciones del Estado que generan programas y discursos sobre los recursos naturales, el ambiente y su protección, ponderando la propiedad pública en contextos donde la percepción de los recursos naturales tradicionalmente está vinculada a una propiedad comunal. En tal sentido, se generan tensiones entre los esquemas de posesión y aprovechamiento de los recursos. Estos desfases perceptivos así como la injerencia de diversos grupos y sus intereses, han llevado a la generación de una participación política a partir de la visión comunalista en los pueblos nahuas de Michoacán.
A Periferia na Periferia: sobre o lugar da Antropologia da Educação na Antropologia Latino-Americana
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: July 2021

O campo da antropologia tem sido marcado por uma constante autorreflexão sobre sua própria realidade, desenvolvimento histórico e perspectivas de futuro, de modo que em período mais recente tem havido uma crescente problematização em torno das estruturas de poder constituídas nesse campo, e sobre as hierarquias desdobradas de tais estruturas, que produzem “antropologias hegemônicas” e “antropologias periféricas”. Entretanto, pouco ainda tem sido discutido sobre as hierarquias dentro das próprias “antropologias periféricas”, neste sentido, este artigo visa contribuído para esse debate, situando a antropologia da educação na agenda de pesquisas das antropologias latino-americanas.
A Computationally Efficient, Mass Conserving Generalized Short Bearing Formulation for Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings
Authors: Boedo S.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes a computationally efficient, finite element implementation of a generalized short bearing (GSB) formulation to account for mass conservation in cavitated bearing regions. The method is applied to a set of examples representing partial and full journal bearings under transient loads and kinematics. Bearing performance trends are captured well by the GSB formulation when compared with results obtained from a complete two-dimensional formulation and from experiments. The computational speed of the GSB formulation is approximately 40 to 200 times faster than the complete formulation for the examples provided in the paper.
Improved Systemic Hazard Analysis Integrating With Systems Engineering Approach for Vehicle Autonomous Emergency Braking System
Authors: Duan Jianyu
Published: July 2021

Safety analysis is a significant step for safety-critical system development. Compared with traditional vehicles, the system interactions for autonomous vehicles are more abundant and complex. Traditional hazard analysis methods, such as failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) which are based on the component failure and reliability theory, cannot identify the system hazards related to system interactions. An emerging hazard analysis method based on systems theory, systems theory process analysis (STPA) mainly focuses on identifying the control system hazards caused by system interactions. In this study, STPA method is used to identify the potential hazards and casual factors for autonomous emergency braking systems by concentrating on system interactions. To improve the consistency between system design and safety analysis, the workflow combining model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and STPA is proposed. The systems modeling language (SysML) is used to describe control structure and system interaction relationships. According to the identified casual factors, certain constraints and requirements can be derived, which can provide the guidance for system development with respect to system design. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of certain unsafe control action is conducted by simulation, which shows effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method in safety analysis and system design.
Learning spectro-temporal representations of complex sounds with parameterized neural networks
Authors: Riad Rachid , Karadayi Julien , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine , Dupoux Emmanuel
Published: July 2021

Deep learning models have become potential candidates for auditory neuroscience research, thanks to their recent successes in a variety of auditory tasks, yet these models often lack interpretability to fully understand the exact computations that have been performed. Here, we proposed a parametrized neural network layer, which computes specific spectro-temporal modulations based on Gabor filters [learnable spectro-temporal filters (STRFs)] and is fully interpretable. We evaluated this layer on speech activity detection, speaker verification, urban sound classification, and zebra finch call type classification. We found that models based on learnable STRFs are on par for all tasks with state-of-the-art and obtain the best performance for speech activity detection. As this layer remains a Gabor filter, it is fully interpretable. Thus, we used quantitative measures to describe distribution of the learned spectro-temporal modulations. Filters adapted to each task and focused mostly on low temporal and spectral modulations. The analyses show that the filters learned on human speech have similar spectro-temporal parameters as the ones measured directly in the human auditory cortex. Finally, we observed that the tasks organized in a meaningful way: the human vocalization tasks closer to each other and bird vocalizations far away from human vocalizations and urban sounds tasks.
The geographic disparity of historical greenhouse emissions and projected climate change
Authors: Van Houtan Kyle S. , Tanaka Kisei R. , Gagné Tyler O. , Becker Sarah L.
Published: July 2021

A new global climate map reveals steep inequalities between historical emissions and future warming.
Repurposed floxacins targeting RSK4 prevent chemoresistance and metastasis in lung and bladder cancer
Authors: Chrysostomou Stelios , Roy Rajat , Prischi Filippo , Thamlikitkul Lucksamon , Chapman Kathryn L. , Mufti Uwais , Peach Robert , Ding Laifeng , Hancock David , Moore Christopher , Molina-Arcas Miriam , Mauri Francesco , Pinato David J. , Abrahams Joel M. , Ottaviani Silvia , Castellano Leandro , Giamas Georgios , Pascoe Jennifer , Moonamale Devmini , Pirrie Sarah , Gaunt Claire , Billingham Lucinda , Steven Neil M. , Cullen Michael , Hrouda David , Winkler Mathias , Post John , Cohen Philip , Salpeter Seth J. , Bar Vered , Zundelevich Adi , Golan Shay , Leibovici Dan , Lara Romain , Klug David R. , Yaliraki Sophia N. , Barahona Mauricio , Wang Yulan , Downward Julian , Skehel J. Mark , Ali Maruf M.U. , Seckl Michael J. , Pardo Olivier E.
Published: July 2021

RSK4 promotes invasiveness and drug resistance in lung and bladder cancer and inhibition of this kinase shows therapeutic potential.
Development of a Targeted Gene Disruption System in the Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)-Degrading Bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis and Its Applications to PETase and MHETase Genes
Authors: Hachisuka Shin-ichi , Nishii Tarou , Yoshida Shosuke
Published: July 2021

The poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-degrading bacterium
Ideonella sakaiensis
possesses two unique enzymes able to serve in PET hydrolysis. PET hydrolase (PETase) hydrolyzes PET into mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) and MHET hydrolase (MHETase) hydrolyzes MHET into terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG).
Aryl Coenzyme A Ligases, a Subfamily of the Adenylate-Forming Enzyme Superfamily
Authors: Arnold M. E. , Kaplieva-Dudek I. , Heker I. , Meckenstock R. U.
Published: July 2021

Aryl-coenzyme A (CoA) ligases belong to class I of the adenylate-forming enzyme superfamily (ANL superfamily), catalyze the formation of thioester bonds between aromatic compounds and CoA, and occur in nearly all forms of life. These ligases are involved in various metabolic pathways degrading benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Practical Agar-Based Disk Diffusion Tests Using Sulfamoyl Heteroarylcarboxylic Acids for Identification of Subclass B1 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing
Enterobacterales
Authors: Norizuki Chihiro , Wachino Jun-ichi , Jin Wanchun , Kimura Kouji , Kawamura Kumiko , Nagano Noriyuki , Arakawa Yoshichika
Published: July 2021

The worldwide distribution of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacterales
(CPE) is a serious public health concern as they exhibit carbapenem resistance, thus limiting the choice of antimicrobials for treating CPE infections. Combination treatment with a β-lactam and one of the newly approved β-lactamase inhibitors, such as avibactam, relebactam, or vaborbactam, provides a valuable tool to cope with CPE; however, these inhibitors are active only against serine-type carbapenemases and not against metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs).
A Semiautomated Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Assay for Rapid and Easy Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibody
Authors: Liu Huan , He Ping , Meng Fei , Jiang Mengwei , Xiong Jin , Li Junhua , Yu Junping , Wei Hongping
Published: July 2021

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. For disease surveillance and control, we developed a rapid and easy luciferase immunoprecipitation assay (MB-LIPS) to detect ASF virus (ASFV) antibody.
Considerations from the College of American Pathologists for Implementation of an Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Testing after a Change in Regulatory Status
Authors: Peaper David R. , Rhoads Daniel D. , Sullivan Kaede V. , Couturier Marc R. , Humphries Romney M. , Martin Isabella W. , Nolte Frederick S. , Rowlinson Marie-Claire , She Rosemary C. , Simner Patricia J. , Theel Elitza S. , Wojewoda Christina M.
Published: July 2021

The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the marketing of manufacturers’
in vitro
diagnostic tests (IVDs), including assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
β-Catenin Restricts Zika Virus Internalization by Downregulating Axl
Authors: Jimenez Oscar A. , Narasipura Srinivas D. , Barbian Hannah J. , Albalawi Yasmeen A. , Seaton Melanie S. , Robinson KaReisha F. , Al-Harthi Lena
Published: July 2021

ZIKV is an emerging pathogen with sporadic outbreaks throughout the world. The most recent outbreak in North America was associated with small brains (microcephaly) in newborns.
Engineered Promoter-Switched Viruses Reveal the Role of Poxvirus Maturation Protein A26 as a Negative Regulator of Viral Spread
Authors: Holley Joe , Sumner Rebecca P. , Lant Sian , Ribeca Paolo , Ulaeto David , Maluquer de Motes Carlos
Published: July 2021

Chordopoxviruses are mammalian viruses that uniquely produce a first type of virion adapted to spread within the host and a second type that enhances transmission between hosts, which can take place by multiple ways, including direct contact, respiratory droplets, oral/fecal routes, or via vectors. Both virion types are important to balance intrahost dissemination and interhost transmission, so virus maturation pathways must be tightly controlled.
Quorum-Sensing Signals from Epibiont Mediate the Induction of Novel Microviridins in the Mat-Forming Cyanobacterial Genus
Nostoc
Authors: Saha Subhasish , Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Urajová Petra , Mareš Jan , Konert Grzegorz , Câmara Manoel João , Macho Markéta , Ewe Daniela , Hrouzek Pavel , Masojídek Jiří , Ghai Rohit , Saurav Kumar
Published: July 2021

The regulation of the production of cyanopeptides beyond microcystin is essential to understand their ecological role in complex microbial communities, e.g., harmful cyanobacterial blooms. The role of chemical communication between the cyanobacterium and the epibionts within its phycosphere is at an initial stage of research, and little is understood about its specificity.
In Vitro
Activity of Rifampin, Rifabutin, and Rifapentine against Enterococci and Streptococci from Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Albano Mariana , Karau Melissa J. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E. , Osmon Douglas R. , Oravec Caitlin P. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin
Published: July 2021

Rifampin is an antibiotic with antistaphylococcal biofilm activity used in the management of staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infection with irrigation and debridement with component retention; some patients are unable to receive rifampin due to drug interactions or intolerance. We recently showed rifabutin and rifapentine to have
in vitro
activity against planktonic and biofilm states of rifampin-susceptible periprosthetic joint infection-associated staphylococci.
Incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (2011–2018): a nationwide population-based cohort study of Japan
Authors: Kido Ai , Miyake Masahiro , Tamura Hiroshi , Hiragi Shusuke , Kimura Takeshi , Ohtera Shosuke , Takahashi Ayako , Ooto Sotaro , Kawakami Koji , Kuroda Tomohiro , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: July 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to elucidate the epidemiological background of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), including its incidence and treatment pattern.

Methods

This was a population-based longitudinal cohort study using a nationwide health insurance claims database of the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). As Japan employs universal health coverage, the database covers more than 95% of claims issued in Japan. We accessed all data stored in the database with permission from the MHLW. We traced all individuals aged 30 years or older and identified individuals with new onset of CSC between January 2011 and December 2018. CSC cases were categorised by age and sex for each year, and incidence rate was calculated. We also identified major treatments for CSC to elucidate the initial treatment pattern.

Results

During the 8-year period, 247 930 incidences of CSC were identified, among which 75.9% were men. The crude incidence rate (per 100 000 person-years) in the general population aged 30 years or older was 34.0 (95% CI 33.9 to 34.2), in men was 54.2 (95% CI 53.9 to 54.4) and in women was 15.7 (95% CI 15.5 to 15.8). The mean age of onset was lower in men than in women (50.5±12.5 years vs 54.7±13.5 years). Most of the patients with newly diagnosed CSC (86.8%) did not receive major treatment.

Conclusions

The current study provides the nationwide population-based evidence to clarify the detailed epidemiology of CSC. These results could help to understand the pathogenesis and mechanisms of CSC in the future.
Trends and geographical variation in population thriving, struggling and suffering across the USA, 2008–2017: a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Riley Carley , Herrin Jeph , Lam Veronica , Hamar Brent , Witters Dan , Liu Diana , Krumholz Harlan M , Roy Brita
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Well-being is a holistic, positively framed conception of health, integrating physical, emotional, social, financial, community and spiritual aspects of life. High well-being is an intrinsically worthy goal for individuals, communities and nations. Multiple measures of well-being exist, yet we lack information to identify benchmarks, geographical disparities and targets for intervention to improve population life evaluation in the USA.

Design

Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index, we conducted retrospective analyses of a series of cross-sectional samples.

Setting/participants

We summarised select well-being outcomes nationally for each year, and by county (n=599) over two time periods, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017.

Main outcome measures

We report percentages of people thriving, struggling and suffering using the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, percentages reporting high or low current life satisfaction, percentages reporting high or low future life optimism, and changes in these percentages over time.

Results

Nationally, the percentage of people that report thriving increased from 48.9% in 2008 to 56.3% in 2017 (p<0.05). The percentage suffering was not significantly different over time, ranging from 4.4% to 3.2%. In 2013–2017, counties with the highest life evaluation had a mean 63.6% thriving and 2.3% suffering while counties with the lowest life evaluation had a mean 49.5% thriving and 6.5% suffering, with counties experiencing up to 10% suffering, threefold the national average. Changes in county-level life evaluation also varied. While counties with the greatest improvements experienced 10%–15% increase in the absolute percentage thriving or 3%–5% decrease in absolute percentage suffering, most counties experienced no change and some experienced declines in life evaluation.

Conclusions

The percentage of the US population thriving increased from 2008 to 2017 while the percentage suffering remained unchanged. Marked geographical variation exists indicating priority areas for intervention.
Swiss Frailty Network and Repository: protocol of a Swiss Personalized Health Network’s driver project observational study
Authors: Gagesch Michael , Edler Karin , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia O , Abderhalden Lauren A , Seematter-Bagnoud Laurence , Meyer Tobias , Bertschi Dominic , Zekry Dina , Büla Christophe J , Gold Gabriel , Kressig Reto W , Stuck Andreas E , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Early identification of frailty by clinical instruments or accumulation of deficit indexes can contribute to improve healthcare for older adults, including the prevention of negative outcomes in acute care. However, conflicting evidence exists on how to best capture frailty in this setting. Simultaneously, the increasing utilisation of electronic health records (EHRs) opens up new possibilities for research and patient care, including frailty.

Methods and analysis

The Swiss Frailty Network and Repository (SFNR) primarily aims to develop an electronic Frailty Index (eFI) from routinely available EHR data in order to investigate its predictive value against length of stay and in-hospital mortality as two important clinical outcomes in a study sample of 1000–1500 hospital patients aged 65 years and older. In addition, we will examine the correlation between the eFI and a test-based clinical Frailty Instrument to compare both concepts in Swiss older adults in acute care settings. As a Swiss Personalized Health Network (SPHN) driver project, our study will report on the characteristics and usability of the first nationwide eFI in Switzerland connecting all five Swiss University Hospitals’ Geriatric Departments with a representative sample of patients aged 65 years and older admitted to acute care.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the competent ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich (BASEC-ID 2019-00445). All acquired data will be handled according to SPHN’s ethical framework for responsible data processing in personalised health research. Analyses will be performed within the secure BioMedIT environment, a national infrastructure to enable secure biomedical data processing, an integral part of SPHN.

Trial registration number

NCT04516642.
Vocational rehabilitation for mental health service users with chronic mental illness in low-income to upper-middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chimara Munyaradzi , van Niekerk Lana , van Biljon Hester Maria
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Work is integral to the occupations of human beings and accounts for up to a third of time spent in an average adult life. Occupational therapists play a role in vocational rehabilitation of mental health service users (MHSUs) with the aim of optimising their work participation. It is advisable that occupational therapists providing vocational rehabilitation to MHSUs with chronic mental illness in mental healthcare settings are guided by a practice framework developed for that particular context. This scoping review aims to summarise existing evidence on vocational rehabilitation for MHSUs in low-income to upper-middle-income countries. The findings will inform subsequent phases of research undertaken to formulate a vocational rehabilitation practice framework for MHSUs in Namibia.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review will employ the five stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. This will be used in conjunction with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISM-ScR) and Joanna Briggs scoping review guidelines. MESH terms, Boolean operators and truncation strategies will be employed for a comprehensive article search in electronic scholarly databases. These databases will include PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, HINARI, Google scholar, Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library. Mendeley and Rayyan, both open source platforms, will be used for title, abstract and full-text screening, as well as data extraction. Data will be sifted and sorted by key categories and themes using a data charting form.

Ethics and dissemination

The scoping review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at local and international conferences. Ethical clearance for this study will not be required as secondary data will be utilised and there are no patients involved.
Effect and process evaluation of a multicomponent public health intervention to increase the use of primary care-based mental health services amongst children with a migrant background in Stockholm, Sweden: a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Place Vanessa , Assel Karima , Hagström Ana , Gubi Ester , Augustsson Hanna , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara
Published: July 2021

Introduction

The overall aim of the project is to understand how to increase access to, and use of, primary care-based mental health services for children and youth from a migrant background with mild to moderate mental health problems.

Methods and analysis

The study will be undertaken in Haninge municipality in Stockholm, Sweden. The study has three intervention components: (1) A health communication intervention targeting parents of children/youth with a migrant background; (2) Training of professionals and volunteers who potentially have contact with parents and children with a migrant background, in order to increase the number of referrals to primary care-based mental health services, and (3) Increasing access to care at a primary care-based mental health service for children, using various strategies to lower barriers to care. The complex multicomponent intervention will be studied with an effect and a process evaluation methodology.

Ethics and dissemination

All planned studied are approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority dnr 2017-135-31/5, 2019-06275, 2020-03640, 2020-06341, 2020-03642 and 2020-04180. Informed consent, written or verbal, will be obtained from all participants. The results of the project will be published continually in peer-reviewed scientific journals and disseminated to relevant stakeholders nationally and within Haninge municipality.
Localised increase in regional cerebral perfusion in patients with visual snow syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling study
Authors: Puledda Francesca , Schankin Christoph J , O'Daly Owen , Ffytche Dominic , Eren Ozan , Karsan Nazia , Williams Steve C R , Zelaya Fernando , Goadsby Peter J
Published: July 2021

Objectives

We aimed to investigate changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using arterial spin labelling (ASL) in patients with visual snow syndrome (VSS), in order to understand more about the underlying neurobiology of the condition, which remains mostly unknown.

Methods

We performed an MRI study in which whole-brain maps of rCBF were obtained using pseudo-continuous ASL. Twenty-four patients with VSS and an equal number of gender and age-matched healthy volunteers took part in the study. All subjects were examined with both a visual paradigm consisting of a visual-snow like stimulus, simulating key features of the snow, and a blank screen at rest, randomly presented.

Results

Patients with VSS had higher rCBF than controls over an extensive brain network, including the bilateral cuneus, precuneus, supplementary motor cortex, premotor cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as the left primary auditory cortex, fusiform gyrus and cerebellum. These areas were largely analogous comparing patients either at rest, or when looking at a ‘snow-like’ visual stimulus. This widespread, similar pattern of perfusion differences in either condition suggests a neurophysiological signature of visual snow. Furthermore, right insula rCBF was increased in VSS subjects compared with controls during visual stimulation, reflecting a greater task-related change and suggesting a difference in interoceptive processing with constant perception of altered visual input.

Conclusion

The data suggest VSS patients have marked differences in brain processing of visual stimuli, validating its neurobiological basis.
Placement of long-acting reversible contraception for minors who are mothers should not require parental consent
Authors: Kaszubinski Savannah
Published: July 2021

Decreasing unintended teenage pregnancy, especially repeat teenage pregnancy, is an important public health goal. Unfortunately, legal barriers in the USA impede this goal as all minors are unable to consent for birth control in 24 states, and only 10 of those states allow consent after the minor has given birth according to state statutory law. Placement of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is one of the most effective methods of preventing rapid repeat pregnancies. However, restrictions are placed on adolescents who may not have the option of parental consent if the parents are unwilling, or not present, to give consent. A predicament arises when healthcare professionals are willing to place the contraceptive for the patient, but cannot due to the restrictions and guidelines outlined by each state. Even though these adolescents are legally viewed as minors, adolescent mothers should be able to consent to the placement of LARC. Notably, adolescents have the legal ability to give consent for the healthcare of their child starting in the prenatal period. I argue that this ability should be extended to include adolescent consent for their own healthcare. Additionally, the procedure to place LARC is relatively low risk and highly effective, which is an opportune situation to allow minors to consent. Allowing adolescents to consent to LARC after delivery is a simple and effective way to decrease rapid repeat pregnancy rates in the USA.
Doctors have an ethical obligation to ask patients about food insecurity: what is stopping us?
Authors: Knight Jessica Kate , Fritz Zoe
Published: July 2021

Inadequate diet is the leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, approaches to identifying inadequate diets in clinical practice remain inconsistent, and dietary interventions (on both individual and public health policy levels) frequently focus on facilitating ‘healthy choices’, with limited emphasis on structural constraints. We examine the ethical implications of introducing a routine question in the medical history about ability to access food. Not collecting data on food security means that clinicians are unable to identify people who may benefit from support on an individual level, unable to consider relevant dietary risk factors for disease and disease progression and unable to monitor population trends and inequalities in dietary access in order to design effective policy interventions. We argue that the current lack of routine screening for food insecurity is inconsistent with our approach to other health behaviours (eg, smoking and alcohol use), as well as with doctors’ frequent informal role as gatekeepers to the food aid system, and recent calls for governmental action on food insecurity and health inequalities from individual clinicians and professional bodies. Potential ethical barriers to asking patients about food security are addressed, including concerns about stigma, limiting autonomy, fair resource allocation, unclear professional remits and clinicians’ ability to offer effective interventions. We suggest that there is an ethical imperative for doctors to ask patients about their ability to access healthy food. Gathering this data provides a valuable first step in re-framing the social determinants of health as modifiable risks, rather than inevitable inequities.
Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and left ventricular structure and function from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)
Authors: Berdy Andrew E , Upadhya Bharathi , Ponce Sonia , Swett Katrina , Stacey Richard B , Kaplan Robert , Vasquez Priscilla M , Qi Qibin , Schneiderman Neil , Hurwitz Barry E , Daviglus Martha L , Kansal Mayank , Evenson Kelly R , Rodriguez Carlos J
Published: July 2021

Objective

The cross-sectional association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiac structure and function is less well described. This study’s primary aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function with accelerometer measured PA and SB.

Methods

Participants included 1206 self-identified Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 45–74 years, from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. Standard echocardiographic measures included M-mode, two-dimensional, spectral, tissue Doppler and myocardial strain. Participants wore an Actical accelerometer at the hip for 1 week.

Results

The mean±SE age for the cohort was 56±0.4 years, 57% were women. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 21±1.1 min/day, light PA was 217±4.2 min/day and SB was 737±8.1 min/day. Both higher levels of light PA and MVPA (min/day) were associated with lower left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI)/end-diastolic volume and a lower E/e′ ratio. Higher levels of MVPA (min/day) were associated with better right ventricular systolic function. Higher levels of SB were associated with increased LVMI. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular disease modifiable factors, every 10 additional min/day of light PA was associated with a 0.03 mL/m2increase in left atrial volume index (LAVI) (p<0.01) and a 0.004 cm increase in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p<0.01); every 10 additional min/day of MVPA was associated with a 0.18 mL/m2increase in LAVI (p<0.01) and a 0.24% improvement in global circumferential strain (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the potential positive association between the MVPA and light PA on cardiac structure and function.
Cardiac rehabilitation patients experiences and understanding of group metacognitive therapy: a qualitative study
Authors: McPhillips Rebecca , Capobianco Lora , Cooper Bethany Grace , Husain Zara , Wells Adrian
Published: July 2021

Objective

Depression and anxiety are up to three times more prevalent in cardiac patients than the general population and are linked to increased risks of future cardiac events and mortality. Psychological interventions for cardiac patients vary in content and are often associated with weak outcomes. A recent treatment, metacognitive therapy (MCT) has been shown to be highly effective at treating psychological distress in mental health settings. This is the first study to explore qualitatively, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients’ experiences and understanding of group MCT with the aim of examining aspects of treatment that patients experienced as helpful.

Methods

In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 purposively sampled CR patients following group MCT. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Two main themes were identified: (1) general therapy factors that were seen largely as beneficial, where patients highlighted interaction with other CR patients and CR staff delivery of treatment and their knowledge of cardiology; (2) group MCT-specific factors that were seen as beneficial encompassed patients’ understanding of the intervention and use of particular group MCT techniques. Most patients viewed MCT in a manner consistent with the metacognitive model. All the patients who completed group MCT were positive about it and described self-perceived changes in their thinking and well-being. A minority of patients gave specific reasons for not finding the treatment helpful.

Conclusion

CR patients with anxiety and depression symptoms valued specific group MCT techniques, the opportunity to learn about other patients, and the knowledge of CR staff. The data supports the transferability of treatment to a CR context and advantages that this might bring.
Rest-pause and drop-set training elicit similar strength and hypertrophy adaptations compared with traditional sets in resistance-trained males
Authors: Enes Alysson , Alves Ragami C. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Oneda Gustavo , Perin Samuel C. , Trindade Thiago B. , Prestes Jonato , Souza-Junior Tácito P.
Published: July 2021

This paper aimed to compare the effect of drop-set (DS) and rest-pause (RP) systems versus traditional resistance training (TRT) with equalized total training volume on maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and thigh muscle thickness (MT). Twenty-eight resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to either RP (n = 10), DS (n = 9) or TRT (n = 9) protocols performed twice a week for 8 weeks. 1RM and MT of the proximal, middle and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A significant time × group interaction was observed for 1RM (P = 0.001) in the barbell back squat after 8-weeks. Post hoc comparisons revealed that RP promoted higher 1RM than TRT (P = 0.001); no statistical differences in strength were observed between the other conditions. A significant main effect of time was revealed for MT at the proximal (P = 0.0001) and middle (P = 0.0001) aspects of the lateral thigh for all training groups; however, the distal portion did not show a time effect (P = 0.190). There were no between-group interactions for MT. Our findings suggest that RP promotes slightly superior strength-related improvements compared with TRT, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar between conditions.

Novelty: Rest-pause elicited a slightly superior benefit for strength adaptations compared with traditional resistance training. Resistance training systems do not promote superior hypertrophic adaptations when total training volume is equalized. Muscle thickness in distal portion of thigh is similar to baseline. Although modest, effect sizes tended to favor rest-pause.
Biomass procurement in boreal forests affected by spruce budworm: effects on regeneration, costs, and carbon balance
Authors: Gouge Daniel , Thiffault Evelyne , Thiffault Nelson
Published: July 2021

Biomass procured from forests affected by natural disturbances as a bioenergy source is increasingly considered in the context of climate change mitigation. By comparing clearcuts with and without biomass procurement, we aimed to determine the effects of biomass extraction performed alongside lumber harvesting on regeneration density, number of planting microsites, forest renewal costs, and carbon fluxes, in harvested boreal stands affected by spruce budworm. The results showed that biomass procurement increased regeneration density and number of planting microsites. Reduction of downed woody debris due to biomass procurement lowered site preparation costs by 282.07 $CAN·ha−1, equivalent to 14.45 $CAN per oven-dry metric ton (odmt−1) of harvested biomass. Product value from biomass processing had to reach from 13.90 to 76.84 $CAN·odmt−1 to make biomass procurement operations profitable. Since biomass procurement significantly increased stocking and reduced the amount of decaying debris, it also reduced cumulative CO2 emissions relative to scenarios without biomass procurement. However, ensuring forest renewal through site preparation and plantation per se, irrespective of biomass procurement, played a more important role for carbon sequestration and net balance. Integrating biomass harvesting with silviculture could have significant ecological and financial impacts on forest management while supporting mitigation efforts against climate change.
Activation cross sections of gamma-emitters produced in deuteron induced reactions on $${}^{{209}}$$Bi up to 50 MeV
Authors: Tárkányi F. , Takács S. , Ditrói F. , Szűcs Z. , Brezovcsik K. , Hermanne A. , Ignatyuk A. V.
Published: July 2021

Deuteron induced reactions on natural bismuth targets were investigated with the stacked foil activation technique up to 50 MeV. Excitation functions for the reactions $$^{\mathrm {209}}$$

209

Bi(d,xn)$$^{\mathrm {207,206,205}}$$

207
,
206
,
205

Po, Bi(d,x)$$^{\mathrm {207,205}}$$

207
,
205

Bi and $$^{\mathrm {209}}$$

209

Bi(d,x)$$^{\mathrm {203}}$$

203

Pb obtained from gamma-spectra of decay products were compared with the results of our ALICE-D and EMPIRE-D model calculations, with the result of TALYS code taken from TENDL-2019 on-line library and the results of the only measurement performed earlier. Thick target yields were deduced from the fitted experimental cross sections.
Quantum state sharing of an arbitrarym-particle state using Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs and application in quantum voting
Authors: Sekga Comfort , Mafu Mhlambululi
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we propose a scheme where Alice shares an arbitrary m-particle unknown state with her agents, Bob and Charlie. Alice starts by distributing 2m Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs with her agents and performs m joint three-particle Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state measurements on her particles. Bob, who acts as the controller, performs a product measurement [Formula: see text] on his m qubit states while Charlie retrieves the original state by performing unitary operations on his m particles. Subsequently, we demonstrate our proposed scheme’s feasibility by applying it in electronic voting by sharing an arbitrary single-particle state.
On multiple Hurwitz zeta function of Mordell–Tornheim type
Authors: Onodera Kazuhiro
Published: July 2021

We introduce a certain multiple Hurwitz zeta function as a generalization of the Mordell–Tornheim multiple zeta function, and study its analytic properties. In particular, we evaluate the values of the function and its first and second derivatives at non-positive integers.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and geothermometry of hot springs in the Altai region, Mongolia
Authors: Chimeddorj Bolormaa , Munkhbat Dolgormaa , Altanbaatar Battushig , Dolgorjav Oyuntsetseg , Oyuntsetseg Bolormaa
Published: July 2021

This study determines the properties of hot spring waters and associated rocks, calculates reservoir temperatures and depths in the Mongolian Altai region, and constructs a conceptual model for geothermal water based on these results. The hot springs consist of HCO
3
–Na, SO
4
–Na, and HCO
3
–SO
4
–Na mixed waters. They exhibit alkaline pH levels and temperatures in the range 21.3–35°C. X-ray diffraction analyses of outcrop rocks reveal silicate and carbonate-type minerals such as quartz, albite, orthoclase, dolomite, mica and actinolite, while correlation analysis indicates that the chemical composition of the hot spring water is directly related to rock mineral composition, where dissolution of albite, orthoclase and dolomite minerals has played an important role. Reservoir water circulation depths are 2615–3410 m according to quartz and chalcedony geothermometry. The results indicate that the spring water in the Mongolian Altai region comprises a low mineral content with alkaline pH levels and that the reservoir temperature can reach up to 106°C. We also propose a conceptual model for geothermal water in the Chikhertei hot spring. The geothermal water in the Mongolian Altai region has the potential for use in heating systems.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Hydrochemistry related to exploration and environmental issues collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrochemistry-related-to-exploration-and-environmental-issues
Almost Tight Lower Bounds for Hard Cutting Problems in Embedded Graphs
Authors: Cohen-Addad Vincent , de Verdière Éric Colin , Marx Dániel , de Mesmay Arnaud
Published: July 2021

We prove essentially tight lower bounds, conditionally to the Exponential Time Hypothesis, for two fundamental but seemingly very different cutting problems on surface-embedded graphs: the
Shortest Cut Graph
problem and the
Multiway Cut
problem.

A cut graph of a graph 
G
embedded on a surface S is a subgraph of 
G
whose removal from S leaves a disk. We consider the problem of deciding whether an unweighted graph embedded on a surface of genus 
G
has a cut graph of length at most a given value. We prove a time lower bound for this problem of
n

Ω(
g
log
g
)

conditionally to the ETH. In other words, the first
n

O(g)

-time algorithm by Erickson and Har-Peled [SoCG 2002, Discr. Comput. Geom. 2004] is essentially optimal. We also prove that the problem is W[1]-hard when parameterized by the genus, answering a 17-year-old question of these authors.

A multiway cut of an undirected graph 
G
with
t
distinguished vertices, called
terminals
, is a set of edges whose removal disconnects all pairs of terminals. We consider the problem of deciding whether an unweighted graph 
G
has a multiway cut of weight at most a given value. We prove a time lower bound for this problem of
n

Ω(
gt
+
g
2
+
t
log (
g
+
t
))

, conditionally to the ETH, for any choice of the genus 
g
≥ 0 of the graph and the number of terminals 
t
≥ 4. In other words, the algorithm by the second author [Algorithmica 2017] (for the more general multicut problem) is essentially optimal; this extends the lower bound by the third author [ICALP 2012] (for the planar case).

Reductions to planar problems usually involve a gridlike structure. The main novel idea for our results is to understand what structures instead of grids are needed if we want to exploit optimally a certain value 
G
of the genus.
Robo Ludens
Authors: Muñoz John Edison , Dautenhahn Kerstin
Published: July 2021

The use of games as vehicles to study human-robot interaction (HRI) has been established as a suitable solution to create more realistic and naturalistic opportunities to investigate human behavior. In particular, multiplayer games that involve at least two human players and one or more robots have raised the attention of the research community. This article proposes a scoping review to qualitatively examine the literature on the use of multiplayer games in HRI scenarios employing embodied robots aiming to find experimental patterns and common game design elements. We find that researchers have been using multiplayer games in a wide variety of applications in HRI, including training, entertainment and education, allowing robots to take different roles. Moreover, robots have included different capabilities and sensing technologies, and elements such as external screens or motion controllers were used to foster gameplay. Based on our findings, we propose a design taxonomy called Robo Ludens, which identifies HRI elements and game design fundamentals and classifies important components used in multiplayer HRI scenarios. The Robo Ludens taxonomy covers considerations from a robot-oriented perspective as well as game design aspects to provide a comprehensive list of elements that can foster gameplay and bring enjoyable experiences in HRI scenarios.
Sequential Learning-based IaaS Composition
Authors: Mistry Sajib , Fattah Sheik Mohammad Mostakim , Bouguettaya Athman
Published: July 2021

We propose a novel Infrastructure-as-a-Service composition framework that selects an optimal set of consumer requests according to the provider’s qualitative preferences on long-term service provisions. Decision variables are included in the temporal conditional preference networks to represent qualitative preferences for both short-term and long-term consumers. The global preference ranking of a set of requests is computed using a
k
-d tree indexing-based temporal similarity measure approach. We propose an extended three-dimensional Q-learning approach to maximize the global preference ranking. We design the on-policy-based sequential selection learning approach that applies the length of request to accept or reject requests in a composition. The proposed on-policy-based learning method reuses historical experiences or policies of sequential optimization using an agglomerative clustering approach. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed framework.
Cognitive Impact of Anthropomorphized Robot Gaze
Authors: Spatola Nicolas , Huguet Pascal
Published: July 2021

Attentional control does not have fix functioning and can be strongly impacted by the presence of other human beings or humanoid robots. In two studies, this phenomenon was investigated while focusing exclusively on robot gaze as a potential determinant of attentional control along with the role of participants’ anthropomorphic inferences toward the robot. In study 1, we expected and found higher interference in trials including a direct robot gaze compared to an averted gaze on a task measuring attentional control (Eriksen flanker task). Participants’ anthropomorphic inferences about the social robot mediated this interference. In study 2, we found that averted gazes congruent with the correct answer (same task as study 1) facilitated performance. Again, this effect was mediated by anthropomorphic inferences. These two studies show the importance of anthropomorphic robotic gaze on human cognitive processing, especially attentional control, and also open new avenues of research in social robotics.