bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A highly selective fluorescent ‘turn-on’ chemosensor for Zn2+based on a benzothiazole conjugate: their applicability in live cell imaging and use of the resultant complex as a secondary sensor of CN−
Authors: Khairnar Nilesh , Tayade Kundan , Sahoo Suban K. , Bondhopadhyay Banashree , Basu Anupam , Singh Jasminder , Singh Narinder , Gite Vikas , Kuwar Anil
Published: November 2014

A benzothiazole derivative linked “off-on” multi-responsive and selective chemosensor3has been synthesized.
Structural diversity and photocatalytic properties of Cd(ii) coordination polymers constructed by a flexible V-shaped bipyridyl benzene ligand and dicarboxylate derivatives
Authors: Liu Lei-Lei , Yu Cai-Xia , Ma Feng-Ji , Li Ya-Ru , Han Jing-Jing , Lin Lu , Ma Lu-Fang
Published: November 2014

Reactions of Cd(OAc)2 with V-shaped bipyridyl benzene and five benzenedicarboxylic acid derivatives gave rise to five new CPs. Complexes 1–5 exhibited relatively good photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue.
Theoretical evidence of metal-induced structural distortions in a series of bipyrimidine-based ligands
Authors: Latouche Camille , Akdas-Kilig Huriye , Malval Jean-Pierre , Fillaut Jean-Luc , Boucekkine Abdou , Barone Vincenzo
Published: November 2014

Herein, we report theoretical evidence of the geometric changes occurring upon complexation, for a series of octupolar bipyrimidine-based ligands incorporating the NPh2 terminal donor group.
Non-symmetrical aryl- and arylethynyl-substituted thioalkyl-porphyrazines for optoelectronic materials: synthesis, properties, and computational studies
Authors: Belviso Sandra , Amati Mario , Rossano Rocco , Crispini Alessandra , Lelj Francesco
Published: November 2014

The porphyrazine ring shows ambivalent behavior, acting either as an electron acceptor or electron donor in NMe2or NO2substituted compounds, respectively. Therefore, even this macrocycle mono-substitution provides an unconventional “push–pull” system.
Facile synthesis of [(NHC)MX(cod)] and [(NHC)MCl(CO)2] (M = Rh, Ir; X = Cl, I) complexes
Authors: Savka R. , Plenio H.
Published: November 2014

The reactions of [MCl(cod)]2 (M = Rh, Ir) with different NHC·HX (X = Cl, I), K2CO3 in technical grade acetone under air provide simple access to various [(NHC)MX(cod)] complexes; a facile one-pot synthesis of [(NHC)MCl(CO)2] (M = Rh, Ir) is also reported.
The stabilization of gallane and indane by a ring expanded carbene
Authors: Leverett Anthony R. , McKay Alasdair I. , Cole Marcus L.
Published: November 2014

7Dipp Complexes of GaH3 and InH3 have been prepared. Despite high thermal stability in the solid state, both adducts decompose readily in solution at ambient temperature.
Photochemical upconversion: present status and prospects for its application to solar energy conversion
Authors: Schulze Tim F. , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: November 2014

We review the application of sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion to broaden the harvested spectrum of solar energy conversion devices.
Assessing the energy and environmental performance of algae-mediated tertiary treatment of estrogenic compounds
Authors: Colosi Lisa M. , Resurreccion Eleazer P. , Zhang Yongli
Published: November 2014

This study uses a systems-level modeling approach to illustrate a novel synergy between municipal wastewater treatment and large-scale algaculture for production of bio-energy, whereby algae-mediated tertiary treatment provides efficient removal of unregulated, strongly estrogenic steroid hormones from the secondary effluent.
Chelation technology: a promising green approach for resource management and waste minimization
Authors: Chauhan Garima , Pant K. K. , Nigam K. D. P.
Published: November 2014

This review covers the technical applicability of chelation technology for metal extraction from contaminated sites, recent research trends and future opportunities to promote this process as a green chemical engineering approach.
Control of Förster energy transfer in the vicinity of metallic surfaces and hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Tumkur T. U. , Kitur J. K. , Bonner C. E. , Poddubny A. N. , Narimanov E. E. , Noginov M. A.
Published: November 2014

Optical cavities, plasmonic structures, photonic band crystals and interfaces, as well as, generally speaking, any photonic media with homogeneous or spatially inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity (including metamaterials) have local densities of photonic states, which are different from that in vacuum. These modified density of states environments are known to control both the rate and the angular distribution of spontaneous emission. In the present study, we question whether the proximity to metallic and metamaterial surfaces can affect other physical phenomena of fundamental and practical importance. We show that the same substrates and the same nonlocal dielectric environments that boost spontaneous emission, also inhibit Förster energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules doped into a thin polymeric film. This finding correlates with the fact that in dielectric media, the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the index of refractionn, while the rate of the donor–acceptor energy transfer (in solid solutions with a random distribution of acceptors) is proportional ton−1.5. This heuristic correspondence suggests that other classical and quantum phenomena, which in regular dielectric media depend onn, can also be controlled with custom-tailored metamaterials, plasmonic structures, and cavities.
Mapping atomic motions with ultrabright electrons: towards fundamental limits in space-time resolution
Authors: Manz Stephanie , Casandruc Albert , Zhang Dongfang , Zhong Yinpeng , Loch Rolf A. , Marx Alexander , Hasegawa Taisuke , Liu Lai Chung , Bayesteh Shima , Delsim-Hashemi Hossein , Hoffmann Matthias , Felber Matthias , Hachmann Max , Mayet Frank , Hirscht Julian , Keskin Sercan , Hada Masaki , Epp Sascha W. , Flöttmann Klaus , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: November 2014

The long held objective of directly observing atomic motions during the defining moments of chemistry has been achieved based on ultrabright electron sources that have given rise to a new field of atomically resolved structural dynamics. This class of experiments requires not only simultaneous sub-atomic spatial resolution with temporal resolution on the 100 femtosecond time scale but also has brightness requirements approaching single shot atomic resolution conditions. The brightness condition is in recognition that chemistry leads generally to irreversible changes in structure during the experimental conditions and that the nanoscale thin samples needed for electron structural probes pose upper limits to the available sample or “film” for atomic movies. Even in the case of reversible systems, the degree of excitation and thermal effects require the brightest sources possible for a given space-time resolution to observe the structural changes above background. Further progress in the field, particularly to the study of biological systems and solution reaction chemistry, requires increased brightness and spatial coherence, as well as an ability to tune the electron scattering cross-section to meet sample constraints. The electron bunch density or intensity depends directly on the magnitude of the extraction field for photoemitted electron sources and electron energy distribution in the transverse and longitudinal planes of electron propagation. This work examines the fundamental limits to optimizing these parameters based on relativistic electron sources using re-bunching cavity concepts that are now capable of achieving 10 femtosecond time scale resolution to capture the fastest nuclear motions. This analysis is given for both diffraction and real space imaging of structural dynamics in which there are several orders of magnitude higher space-time resolution with diffraction methods. The first experimental results from the Relativistic Electron Gun for Atomic Exploration (REGAE) are given that show the significantly reduced multiple electron scattering problem in this regime, which opens up micron scale systems, notably solution phase chemistry, to atomically resolved structural dynamics.
Effects of compound Ginkgo biloba on intestinal permeability in rats with alcohol-induced liver injury
Authors: Li Huanzhou , Qiu Ping , Wang Juanhong , Niu Congcong , Pan Suhua
Published: November 2014

The mechanism of compound Ginkgo biloba (CGB) to alleviate the liver injury induced by gut-derived endotoxin in alcoholic liver disease.
Cytoprotective effects of fisetin against hypoxia-induced cell death in PC12 cells
Authors: Chen Pei-Yi , Ho Yi-Ru , Wu Ming-Jiuan , Huang Shun-Ping , Chen Po-Kong , Tai Mi-Hsueh , Ho Chi-Tang , Yen Jui-Hung
Published: November 2014

Fisetin protects cells under hypoxia through ROS scavenging and the HIF1α-, MAPK/ERK-, p38 MAPK- and PI3 K/Akt-dependent pathways in PC12 cells.
Brønsted acid ionic liquid-catalyzed reductive Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles and cyclic ketones without using an external reductant
Authors: Taheri Amir , Lai Bingbing , Cheng Cheng , Gu Yanlong
Published: November 2014

C3-cycloalkylated indole was synthesized from indole and cyclic ketone in the absence of a reductant with the aid of an acid catalyst.
Sustainable metal-based catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates containing five-membered rings
Authors: Comerford James W. , Ingram Ian D. V. , North Michael , Wu Xiao
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide using sustainable metal-based catalysts is critically reviewed.
Highly efficient hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methyl formate over supported gold catalysts
Authors: Wu Congyi , Zhang Zhaofu , Zhu Qinggong , Han Hongling , Yang Yingying , Han Buxing
Published: November 2014

Supported gold catalysts show excellent efficiency in methyl formate synthesis from carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methanol.
Metal sulfide precursor aqueous solutions for fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cells
Authors: Tian Qingwen , Huang Lijian , Zhao Wangen , Yang Yanchun , Wang Gang , Pan Daocheng
Published: November 2014

An aqueous solution deposited Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cell with a photoelectric conversion of 6.62% was fabricated.
Colour degradation of artworks: an ab initio approach to X-ray, electronic and optical spectroscopy analyses of vermilion photodarkening
Authors: Hogan C. , Da Pieve F.
Published: November 2014

First principles calculations explain the presence, colour, and photo-reactivity of Hg-containing compounds involved in vermilion degradation.
Microfluidic continuous flow digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Rane Tushar D. , Chen Liben , Zec Helena C. , Wang Tza-Huei
Published: November 2014

A continuous flow droplet microfluidic device for digital nucleic acid detection using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP).
Preparation and mechanical characterisation of giant unilamellar vesicles by a microfluidic method
Authors: Karamdad K. , Law R. V. , Seddon J. M. , Brooks N. J. , Ces O.
Published: November 2014

We present a novel method for the generation of giant unilamellar vesicles and the use of fluctuation analysis to characterise their mechanical properties.
A proteomic study of Shengmai injection's mechanism on preventing cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via energy metabolism modulation
Authors: Zhan Shuyu , Fan Xiaohui , Zhang Feng , Wang Yi , Kang Liyuan , Li Zheng
Published: November 2014

Shengmai injection protects against IR injury through modulation of the myocardial energy metabolism to improve cardiac efficiency through multiple metabolic pathways.
Chemometric design to explore pharmacophore features of BACE inhibitors for controlling Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hossain Tabassum , Mukherjee Arup , Saha Achintya
Published: November 2014

Pharmacophoric features of potent BACE inhibitors derived from multi-chemometric studies.
Computational characterization of parallel dimeric and trimeric coiled-coils using effective amino acid indices
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Xiao-Feng , Chen Zhen , Zhang Ziding , Song Jiangning
Published: November 2014

RFCoil is a novel predictor for parallel coiled-coil dimer and trimer.
Design of dual inhibitors of ROCK-I and NOX2 as potential leads for the treatment of neuroinflammation associated with various neurological diseases including autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Alokam Reshma , Singhal Sarthak , Srivathsav Geetha Sai , Garigipati Sowmya , Puppala Sripriya , Sriram Dharmarajan , Perumal Yogeeswari
Published: November 2014

Inhibition of both ROCK-I and NOX2 to treat neuroinflammation could be very effective in the treatment of progressive neurological disorders like AD, ASD and FXS.
Multi-spectroscopic and molecular modelling studies on the interaction of esculetin with calf thymus DNA
Authors: Sarwar Tarique , Husain Mohammed Amir , Rehman Sayeed Ur , Ishqi Hassan Mubarak , Tabish Mohammad
Published: November 2014

Minor groove binding of esculetin with Ct-DNA was established by a series of in vitro experiments and in silico analyses.
4-Thiazolidinone derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents: microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies
Authors: Pitta Eleni , Tsolaki Evangelia , Geronikaki Athina , Petrović Jovana , Glamočlija Jasmina , Soković Marina , Crespan Emmanuele , Maga Giovanni , Bhunia Shome S. , Saxena Anil K.
Published: November 2014

A series of ten thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity.
Evaluation of aromatic 6-substituted thienopyrimidines as scaffolds against parasites that cause trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria
Authors: Woodring Jennifer L. , Patel Gautam , Erath Jessey , Behera Ranjan , Lee Patricia J. , Leed Susan E. , Rodriguez Ana , Sciotti Richard J. , Mensa-Wilmot Kojo , Pollastri Michael P.
Published: November 2014

The repurposing of human tyrosine kinase inhibitor scaffolds for generation of antiparasitic agents has provided new lead compounds for tropical diseases.
Semiconductor-based photocatalytic CO2 conversion
Authors: Marszewski Michal , Cao Shaowen , Yu Jiaguo , Jaroniec Mietek
Published: November 2014

A concise review on the semiconductor-based photocatalytic CO2 conversion based mainly on the leading-edge reports published within the last three years.
Copper trafficking in the CsoR regulon of Streptomyces lividans
Authors: Chaplin Amanda K. , Tan Benedict G. , Vijgenboom Erik , Worrall Jonathan A. R.
Published: November 2014

In Streptomyces lividans four copZ genes are present encoding CopZ copper chaperones. Under Cu stress CopZ can traffic Cu(i) to CsoR leading to the up-regulation of the CsoR regulon.
Traumatic brain injury induces elevation of Co in the human brain
Authors: Roberts Blaine R. , Hare Dominic J. , McLean Catriona A. , Conquest Alison , Lind Monica , Li Qiao-Xin , Bush Ashley I. , Masters Colin L. , Morganti-Kossmann Maria-Christina , Frugier Tony
Published: November 2014

Following acute brain injury (<3 hours post-event), cobalt levels in the brain are significantly elevated. This elevation may have important implications for positron emission tomography neuroimaging for assessing brain injury severity.
Influence of linker groups on the solubility of triazine dendrimers
Authors: Enciso Alan E. , Garzoni Matteo , Pavan Giovanni M. , Simanek Eric E.
Published: November 2014

The choice of linking diamine has profound influence on the solubility of triazine dendrimers.
Energy efficient microwave synthesis of mesoporous Ce0.5M0.5O2 (Ti, Zr, Hf) nanoparticles for low temperature CO oxidation in an ionic liquid – a comparative study
Authors: Alammar Tarek , Chow Ying-Kit , Mudring Anja-Verena
Published: November 2014

Synthesis of Ce0.5M0.5O2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) nanoparticles in ionic liquids by microwave irradiation is an efficient and mild way to obtain efficient catalyts for CO oxidation.
Synthesis of NiCo2O4/Nano-ZSM-5 nanocomposite material with enhanced electrochemical properties for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and tryptophan
Authors: Kaur Balwinder , Satpati Biswarup , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: November 2014

The high electrocatalytic activity of the sensor can be attributed to the highly dispersed NiCo2O4 on Nano-ZSM-5 matrix.
Facile synthesis of electrochemically active Pt nanoparticle decorated carbon nano onions
Authors: Lu Haibo , Eggers Paul K. , Gibson Christopher T. , Duan Xiaofei , Lamb Robert N. , Raston Colin L. , Chua Hui Tong
Published: November 2014

Well dispersed platinum nanoparticles (∼2 nm) on carbon nano-onions are accessible using a simple and scalable one-step batch method.
Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Khalid Sadia , Ahmed Ejaz , Azad Malik M. , Lewis David J. , Abu Bakar Shahzad , Khan Yaqoob , O'Brien Paul
Published: November 2014

Pyrite(FeS2) and transition metal doped pyrite, MxFe1−xS2 (where M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), have been deposited on various substrates using aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).
Triply phenoxo bridged Eu(iii) and Sm(iii) complexes with 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol-di(benzoylhydrazone): structure, spectra and biological study in human cell lines
Authors: Das Kuheli , Nandi Soumendra , Mondal Sudipa , Askun Tulin , Cantürk Zerrin , Celikboyun Pinar , Massera Chiara , Garribba Eugenio , Datta Amitabha , Sinha Chittaranjan , Akitsu Takashiro
Published: November 2014

Two dinuclear lanthanide(iii) complexes, [M2(HL)3] (M = Sm(iii) (1), Eu(iii) (2); H3L, 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol-di(benzoylhydrazone)) were generated with good yield and characterised systematically.
Perfluoro-1,1′-biphenyl and perfluoronaphthalene and their derivatives as π-acceptors for anions
Authors: Yi Hai , Albrecht Markus , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari
Published: November 2014

Perfluoro-1,1′-biphenyl and perfluoronaphthalene are identified experimentally as π-acceptors for anions by studying the parent systems as well as cationic derivatives.
Amido rare-earth complexes supported by an ansa bis(amidinate) ligand with a rigid 1,8-naphthalene linker: synthesis, structures and catalytic activity in rac-lactide polymerization and hydrophosphonylation of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Yakovenko Marina V. , Udilova Natalia Yu. , Glukhova Tatyana A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: November 2014

We report the synthesis of rare-earth amides and their catalytic activity in ROP of lactide.
New insights into the role of lattice oxygen in the catalytic carbonization of polypropylene into high value-added carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Gong Jiang , Liu Jie , Jiang Zhiwei , Chen Xuecheng , Wen Xin , Mijowska Ewa , Tang Tao
Published: November 2014

Lattice oxygen in catalysts played an important role in the carbonization of PP into CNMs including PL-CFs, CNFs and CS-CNTs.
Aromatic oligoamides with increased backbone flexibility: improved synthetic efficiencies, solvent-dependent folding and cooperative conformational transitions
Authors: Liu Rui , Connor Alan L. , Al-mkhaizim Fayez Y. , Gong Bing
Published: November 2014

A 15-residue aromatic oligoamide with a backbone of increased flexibility exhibits solvent- and temperature-dependent folding and highly cooperative conformational transition.
Facile immobilization of enzyme on three dimensionally ordered macroporous silica via a biomimetic coating
Authors: Jiang Yanjun , Wang Yaping , Wang Hua , Zhou Liya , Gao Jing , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Xu , Wang Xiaomei , Li Jian
Published: November 2014

Penicillin G acylase was immobilized onto 3DOM silica via a biomimetic coating method and the stabilities were improved significantly.
Ceria loaded nanoreactors: a nontoxic superantioxidant system with high stability and efficacy
Authors: Spulber M. , Baumann P. , Liu J. , Palivan C. G.
Published: November 2014

CeNP nanoreactors based on CeNP encapsulation inside polymer vesicles for the efficient detoxification of ROS, without the generation of new species by a Fenton like reaction.
Comment on “The ultrastructure of type I collagen at nanoscale: large or small D-spacing distribution?” by H.-N. Su, L.-Y. Ran, Z.-H. Chen, Q.-L. Qin, M. Shi, X.-Y. Song, X.-L. Chen, Y.-Z. Zhang and B.-B. Xie, Nanoscale, 2014, 6, 8134
Authors: Wallace Joseph M.
Published: November 2014

Type I collagen D-spacing and its distribution may be a window into the nanoscale state of tissues.
In situ measurement and simulation of nano-magnetite mobility in porous media subject to transient salinity
Authors: Becker Matthew D. , Wang Yonggang , L. Paulsen Jeffrey , Song Yi-Qiao , Abriola Linda M. , Pennell Kurt D.
Published: November 2014

In situimaging and mathematical modeling capture the effects of salinity changes on magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle deposition and transport in porous media.
Deep-ultraviolet-light-driven reversible doping of WS2 field-effect transistors
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Shehzad Muhammad Arslan , Seo Yongho , Eom Jonghwa
Published: November 2014

We have developed a doping technique to drastically improve electrical and photoelectric characteristics of WS2 field-effect transistors.
Electronic transport regimes through an alkoxythiolated diphenyl-2,2′-bithiophene-based molecular junction diodes: critical assessment of the thermal dependence
Authors: Pace Giuseppina , Caranzi Lorenzo , Bucella Sadir G. , Canesi Eleonora V. , Dell'Erba Giorgio , Bertarelli Chiara , Caironi Mario
Published: November 2014

A short, not fully conjugated molecule embedded in diode configurations, showing a persistent transition voltage and a transition from incoherent transport at room temperature and low biases, to a coherent tunneling at higher biases.
Synthesis of nano-bowls with a Janus template
Authors: Mo Alexander H. , Landon Preston B. , Emerson Chris D. , Zhang Chen , Anzenberg Paula , Akkiraju Siddhartha , Lal Ratnesh
Published: November 2014

Silica nanobowls can be formed by the removal of polystyrene from a spontaneously formed Janus template.
Dual-radiolabeled nanoparticle SPECT probes for bioimaging
Authors: Black Kvar C. L. , Akers Walter J. , Sudlow Gail , Xu Baogang , Laforest Richard , Achilefu Samuel
Published: November 2014

A gold nanoparticle was radiolabeled with 125I and 111In and functionalized with an MMP9-cleavable peptide to form a multispectral SPECT imaging contrast agent.
Electrically driven plasmon mediated energy transfer between ZnO microwires and Au nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Bin , Jiang Ming-Ming , Zhao Dong-Xu , Li Yang , Wang Fei , Shen De-Zhen
Published: November 2014

Electrically driven energy transfer between the surface defect states of ZnO quadrilateral microwires (MWs) and localized surface plasmon polaritons has been realized by means of introducing Au nanoparticles (NPs).
Fabrication of shape-controlled reduced graphene oxide nanorings by Au@Pt nanoring lithography
Authors: Jang Ho Young , Jang Hee-Jeong , Park Dae Keun , Yun Wan Soo , Park Sungho
Published: November 2014

Various RGO nanoring structures such as triangular and hexagonal shapes were fabricated by O2 plasma treatment using Au@Pt nanoplates.
Synthesis of FeCo nanocrystals encapsulated in nitrogen-doped graphene layers for use as highly efficient catalysts for reduction reactions
Authors: Hu Lin , Zhang Ruirui , Wei Lingzhi , Zhang Fapei , Chen Qianwang
Published: November 2014

A facile strategy to fabricate FeCo nanocrystals with nitrogen-doped graphene shells has been designed, which involves one-step thermal decomposition of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) Fe3[Co(CN)6]2spheres.
Highly fluorescent and bioresorbable polymeric nanoparticles with enhanced photostability for cell imaging
Authors: Huang Shuo , Liu Shiying , Wang Kai , Yang Cangjie , Luo Yimin , Zhang Yingdan , Cao Bin , Kang Yuejun , Wang Mingfeng
Published: November 2014

Highly fluorescent and bioresorbable nanoparticles formed by well-defined synthetic polycaprolactones with di(thiophene-2-yl)-diketopyrrolopyrroles exhibited enhanced photostability in cell imaging and long-term tracing.
Monodisperse SnSb nanocrystals for Li-ion and Na-ion battery anodes: synergy and dissonance between Sn and Sb
Authors: He Meng , Walter Marc , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Erni Rolf , Widmer Roland , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: November 2014

Precisely engineered SnSb nanocrystals provide a model experimental system for tuning and understanding Li-ion and Na-ion storage properties.
A functionalized fluorescent dendrimer as a pesticide nanocarrier: application in pest control
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , He Bicheng , Xu Zejun , Yin Meizhen , Yang Wantai , Zhang Huaijiang , Cao Jingjun , Shen Jie
Published: November 2014

A water-soluble fluorescent cationic dendrimer can efficiently deliver a pesticide into the insect cells and largely increase the cytotoxicity of the drug.
Iron oxide nanoparticles immobilized to mesoporous NH2-SiO2spheres by sulfonic acid functionalization as highly efficient catalysts
Authors: Zhang Guoliang , Qin Lei , Wu Yujiao , Xu Zehai , Guo Xinwen
Published: November 2014

A novel SiO2nanosphere was synthesized by the post-synthetic grafting of sulfonic acid groups on to anionic-surfactant-templated mesoporous NH2-silica (AMAS).
Hybrid atomic structure of the Schmid cluster Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 resolved by aberration-corrected STEM
Authors: Jian Nan , Stapelfeldt Christopher , Hu Kuo-Juei , Fröba Michael , Palmer Richard E.
Published: November 2014

We have investigated the atomic structure of the Au55(PPh3)12Cl6 Schmid cluster by using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with multislice simulation of STEM images.
Preparation and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of novel g-C3N4 nanosheets loaded with Ag2CO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Fang Lin , Jin Renxi , Yang Yang , Fang Xu , Xing Yan , Song Shuyan
Published: November 2014

Novel g-C3N4 nanosheets (g-C3N4-MN) loaded with highly-dispersed Ag2CO3 nanoparticles have been successfully fabricated. The Ag2CO3/g-C3N4-MN nanocomposites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of MO and RhB.
A library of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted oleanolic acid derivatives as anticancer agents: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Wei Gaofei , Luan Weijing , Wang Shuai , Cui Shanshan , Li Fengran , Liu Yongxiang , Liu Yang , Cheng Maosheng
Published: November 2014

A series of novel oleanolic acid coupled 1,2,3-triazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized by employing a Cu(i) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
Characterizations of cationic γ-carbolines binding with double-stranded DNA by spectroscopic methods and AFM imaging
Authors: Jia Tao , Wang Jing , Guo Peng , Yu Junping
Published: November 2014

Because of differences in their structures, cationic γ-carbolines intercalate into DNA with different activities.
The synthesis of [18F]pitavastatin as a tracer for hOATP using the Suzuki coupling
Authors: Yagi Yusuke , Kimura Hiroyuki , Arimitsu Kenji , Ono Masahiro , Maeda Kazuya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Kajimoto Tetsuya , Sugiyama Yuichi , Saji Hideo
Published: November 2014

Fluorine-18 labeled radiotracers, such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, can be used as practical diagnostic agents in positron emission tomography (PET).
Copper(i)-promoted cycloalkylation–peroxidation of unactivated alkenes via sp3C–H functionalisation
Authors: Banerjee Arghya , Santra Sourav Kumar , Mishra Aniket , Khatun Nilufa , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2014

A copper-promoted cycloalkylation–peroxidation strategy has been developedviaa three-component reaction involving cycloalkanes,tert-butyl hydroperoxide and internal conjugated alkene.
The development of a complementary pathway for the synthesis of aliskiren
Authors: Li Le-Le , Ding Jin-Ying , Gao Lian-Xun , Han Fu-She
Published: November 2014

We present an alternative pathway for the synthesis of aliskiren by applying the Evans chiral auxiliary-aided asymmetric allylation and the Julia–Kocienski olefination as the key transformations.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrano[3,2-c]carbazole derivatives as anti-tumor agents inducing apoptosis via tubulin polymerization inhibition
Authors: Padmaja Pannala , Koteswara Rao Garikapati , Indrasena Adisherla , Subba Reddy Basireddy V. , Patel Nibedita , Shaik Anver Basha , Reddy Narayana , Dubey Pramod K. , Bhadra Manika Pal
Published: November 2014

A series of novel pyrano[3,2-c]carbazole derivatives have been synthesized and antiproliferative activity of the derivatives were investigated on various cancer cell lines.
Preparation of polydopamine nanocapsules in a miscible tetrahydrofuran–buffer mixture
Authors: Ni Yun-Zhou , Jiang Wen-Feng , Tong Gang-Sheng , Chen Jian-Xin , Wang Jie , Li Hui-Mei , Yu Chun-Yang , Huang Xiao-hua , Zhou Yong-Feng
Published: November 2014

A non-emulsion soft template method based on a miscible tetrahydrofuran–tris buffer mixture has been used to fabricate polydopamine nanocapsules.
Probing coiled-coil assembly by paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng TingTing , Boyle Aimee , Robson Marsden Hana , Valdink Dayenne , Martelli Giuliana , Raap Jan , Kros Alexander
Published: November 2014

Here a new method to determine the orientation of coiled-coil peptide motifs is described.
Tuning the pH-triggered self-assembly of dendritic peptide amphiphiles using fluorinated side chains
Authors: Appel Ralph , Tacke Sebastian , Klingauf Jürgen , Besenius Pol
Published: November 2014

We report the synthesis of a series of anionic dendritic peptide amphiphiles of increasing hydrophobic character and describe their self-assembly into supramolecular nanorods using pH and ionic strength dependent state diagrams.
Cyclodextrin- and calixarene-based polycationic amphiphiles as gene delivery systems: a structure–activity relationship study
Authors: Gallego-Yerga Laura , Lomazzi Michela , Franceschi Valentina , Sansone Francesco , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Donofrio Gaetano , Casnati Alessandro , García Fernández José M.
Published: November 2014

Multi-head/multi-tail facial amphiphiles built on cyclodextrin (CD) and calixarene (CA) scaffolds are paradigmatic examples of monodisperse gene delivery systems.
Rhodium-catalysed arylative annulation of 1,4-enynes with arylboronic acids
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Watanuki Shoichi
Published: November 2014

Rhodium(i)-catalysed arylative annulation of 1,4-enynes with arylboronic acids affords 1,1-disubstituted 3-(arylmethylene)indanes via an addition–1,4-rhodium migration–addition sequence.
Anion binding by biotin[6]uril in water
Authors: Lisbjerg Micke , Nielsen Bjarne E. , Milhøj Birgitte O. , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Pittelkow Michael
Published: November 2014

We show that the newly discovered 6 + 6 biotin-formaldehyde macrocycle Biotin[6]uril binds a variety of anionic guest molecules in water. We discuss how and why the anions are bound based on data obtained using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, isothermal titrations calorimetry (ITC), computational calculations and single crystal X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis of 3,3-dichloroindolin-2-ones from isatin-3-hydrazones and (dichloroiodo)benzene
Authors: Coffey Keith E. , Moreira Ryan , Abbas Farhana Z. , Murphy Graham K.
Published: November 2014

An operationally simple conversion from hydrazones to gem-dichlorides occurs with broad functional group compatibility in moderate to high yield.
Identification of benzenesulfonamide quinoline derivatives as potent HIV-1 replication inhibitors targeting Rev protein
Authors: Zhong Fudi , Geng Guannan , Chen Bing , Pan Ting , Li Qianwen , Zhang Hui , Bai Chuan
Published: November 2014

A benzenesulfonamide quinoline compound with potent anti-HIV-1 replication activity and low toxicity by targeting HIV-1 Rev protein was identified with high-throughput screening and SAR studies.
Accelerated Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptides with aggregation-disrupting backbones
Authors: Huang Yi-Chao , Guan Chao-Jian , Tan Xiang-Long , Chen Chen-Chen , Guo Qing-Xiang , Li Yi-Ming
Published: November 2014

In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection.
Gd(OTf)3-catalyzed synthesis of geranyl esters for the intramolecular radical cyclization of their epoxides mediated by titanocene(iii)
Authors: García Santos William H. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2014

The catalytic activity of Gd(OTf)3 for the direct esterification of geraniol and the regio- and stereo-controlled radical cyclization of their epoxides mediated by titanocene(iii) is described.
Hypersulfonated polyelectrolytes: preparation, stability and conductivity
Authors: Takamuku Shogo , Wohlfarth Andreas , Manhart Angelika , Räder Petra , Jannasch Patric
Published: November 2014

A new sulfonation strategy enables the preparation of durable aromatic polymers with octasulfonated biphenyl units. This leads to polyelectrolytes with extremely high degrees of sulfonation, reaching high proton conductivities at low water contents.
Well-defined single polymer nanoparticles for the antibody-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Lane D. D. , Chiu D. Y. , Su F. Y. , Srinivasan S. , Kern H. B. , Press O. W. , Stayton P. S. , Convertine A. J.
Published: November 2014

Second generation polymeric brushes with molecular weights in excess of 106 Da were synthesize via RAFT polymerization for use as antibody targeted drug delivery vehicles.
Brush macromolecules with thermo-sensitive coil backbones and pendant polypeptide side chains: synthesis, self-assembly and functionalization
Authors: Wei Zheng , Zhu Shuzhe , Zhao Hanying
Published: November 2014

Macromolecular brushes with thermo-sensitive coil backbones and pendant poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) side chains were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and ring-opening polymerization. Functionalization and self-assembly of the macromolecules were investigated.
Robust formation of biodegradable polymersomes by direct hydration
Authors: Sui Xiaofeng , Kujala Pekka , Janssen Geert-Jan , de Jong Edwin , Zuhorn Inge S. , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: November 2014

A mild, robust and fast method to form nano-sized biodegradable polymersomes is described.
Poly(phosphonate)-mediated Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions
Authors: Steinbach Tobias , Wahlen Christian , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: November 2014

Poly(phosphonate)s were used in Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reactions with aldehydes. The progress of the reaction was monitored via in situ-NMR spectroscopy. Minimal purification efforts by precipitation of the polymer are achieved.
Synthesis and click chemistry of a new class of biodegradable polylactide towards tunable thermo-responsive biomaterials
Authors: Zhang Quanxuan , Ren Hong , Baker Gregory L.
Published: November 2014

A new class of clickable polylactide was prepared and resulted in novel smart biomaterials with tunable thermo-responsive propertyviaclick chemistry.
Rational design of a fluorescent poly(N-aryleneindole ether sulfone) switch by cation–π interactions
Authors: Chang Guanjun , Yang Li , Liu Shenye , Lin Runxiong , You Jingsong
Published: November 2014

A fluorescence emission on–off switch is achieved by adjusting the assembly of poly(N-aryleneindole ether sulfone) (PESIN) and pyridine hydrochloride via the cation–π interactions.
A structural and biological study on the new 3,5-diacetyl-1,2,4-triazol bis(p-chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone) ligand and its bimetallic complexes
Authors: Matesanz A. I. , Albacete P. , Perles J. , Souza P.
Published: November 2014

Preparation and characterization of the new ligand 3,5-diacetyl-1,2,4-triazol bis(4N-p-chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone), H5L1, and its bimetallic complexes [Pd(μ-H3L1)]2 and [Pt(μ-H3L1)]2, are described.
Molecular asphaltene models based on Clar sextet theory
Authors: Martín-Martínez Francisco J. , Fini Elham H. , Buehler Markus J.
Published: November 2014

Asphaltene isomers proposed using Clar sextet theory. the new arrangement of aromatic rings optimizes the location of pi-sextets.
Experimental and simulative study on surface enhanced Raman scattering of rhodamine 6G adsorbed on big bulk-nanocrystalline metal substrates
Authors: Yi Zao , Yi Yong , Luo Jiangshan , Ye Xin , Wu Pinghui , Ji Xiaochun , Jiang Xiaodong , Yi Yougen , Tang Yongjian
Published: November 2014

Big bulk-nanocrystalline metal materials of silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy have been synthesized in a mold under different pressures using vacuum-warm-compaction (VWC) technology.
Surface modification of a PVDF membrane by cross-linked collagen
Authors: Wu Lishun , Sun Junfen , Tong Faqin
Published: November 2014

PVDF membrane was modified by grafting cross-linked collagen after plasma treatment. The modified PVDF membrane has high OD value compared to original PVDF membrane, which means modified PVDF membrane has good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.
Water desalination through armchair carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Azamat J. , Sardroodi J. J. , Rastkar A.
Published: November 2014

Separation of ions from water using armchair carbon nanotubes.
Numerical investigation of the effects of polypropylene hollow fibre membrane structure on the performance of CO2 removal from flue gas
Authors: Zhang Li , Qu Zi-Yi , Yan Yun-Fei , Ju Shun-Xiang , Zhang Zhi-En
Published: November 2014

Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption from flue gas by hollow fibre membrane contactors is considered as a clean, highly efficient and promising decarburisation technique.
Atomic approach to the optimized compositions of Ni–Nb–Ti glassy alloys with large glass-forming ability
Authors: Li Yang , Li JiaHao , Liu JianBo , Liu BaiXin
Published: November 2014

The optimized composition region and the optimum composition with the largest GFA were obtained through atomic simulations.
Impact of the degree of functionalization of graphene oxide on the electrochemical charge storage property and metal ion adsorption
Authors: Kadam Mahesh M. , Lokare Omkar R. , Kireeti Kota V. M. K. , Gaikar Vilas G. , Jha Neetu
Published: November 2014

The increase in oxygen functionalities on GO with increasing use of oxidizing agent results in (i) amplification of redox pseudocapacitive current and (ii) improves metal ion adsorption.
Enhanced electrocatalytic performance of cobalt oxide nanocubes incorporating reduced graphene oxide as a modified platinum electrode for methanol oxidation
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Mehmood , Pandikumar Alagarsamy , Golsheikh Amir Moradi , Huang Nay Ming , Lim Hong Ngee
Published: November 2014

Cobalt oxide nanocubes incorporating reduced graphene oxide were prepared by a hydrothermal method and used for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol.
Hansen solubility parameters as a useful tool in searching for solvents for soy proteins
Authors: Aghanouri Abolfazl , Sun Gang
Published: November 2014

Plant proteins as sustainable sources of biomacromolecules could be utilized as materials if proper and processable solvents can be identified.
A printed aluminum cathode with low sintering temperature for organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Fei Fei , Zhuang Jinyong , Wu Weichen , Song Minshun , Zhang Dongyu , Li Sen , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng
Published: November 2014

A printed Al film with low resistance and low work function has been demonstrated, which was successfully used as the cathode in OLEDs. The Al film was achieved through an Al precursor ink under low sintering temperature (80 °C for 30 s).
The indium(iii) chloride catalyzed synthesis of sulfur incorporated 3-acylcoumarins; their photochromic and acetate sensing properties
Authors: Prakash Rao H. Surya , Desai Avinash
Published: November 2014

The synthesis and evaluation of the photochromic properties of 3-acylcoumarins are very important as they exhibit selective sensing properties.
Solvent-dependent assemblies, structure diversities and magnetic properties of two homochiral Co(ii)/Na(i) coordination polymers
Authors: Li Qipeng , Jiang Xiang , Du Shaowu
Published: November 2014

Two novel homochiral Co(ii)/Na(i) coordination polymers based on chiral tridentate S-H3L ligand have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized.
Exploring thermodynamically downhill nanostructured peptide libraries: from structural to morphological insight
Authors: Rasale Dnyaneshwar B. , Biswas Sagar , Konda Maruthi , Das Apurba K.
Published: November 2014

Biocatalytic evolution of thermodynamically downhill nanostructured peptide libraries in hydrogel states are envisaged.
Synthesis and CO gas sensing properties of surface-nitridated Ga2O3 nanowires
Authors: Park S. H. , Kim S. H. , Park S. Y. , Lee C.
Published: November 2014

Surface-nitrided Ga2O3 nanowire sensors showed responses of 160–363% at CO concentrations of 10–200 ppm at 150 °C. Our results showed that the sensitivity of Ga2O3 nanowire could be considerably enhanced by simple ammoniation treatment.
Cytotoxicity of silver(i), gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes of a pyridine wingtip substituted annelated N-heterocyclic carbene
Authors: Dinda Joydev , Nandy Abhishek , Rana Bidyut Kumar , Bertolasi Valerio , Saha Krishna Das , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: November 2014

Cl–Ag(i)–NHC, Cl–Au(i)–NHC, and Cl3–Au(i)–NHC complexes based on the 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-yl-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride, were tested for their cytotoxicity towards different cancer cell lines.
Vibrational spectroscopy of isolated copper(ii) complexes with deprotonated triglycine and tetraglycine peptides
Authors: Marsh Brett M. , Zhou Jia , Garand Etienne
Published: November 2014

The gas-phase vibrational predissociation spectra of deprotonated copper–triglycine and deprotonated copper–tetraglycine are presented and analyzed.
Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids: a new strategy for non-toxic and antimicrobial materials
Authors: Gindri Izabelle M. , Siddiqui Danyal A. , Bhardwaj Pooja , Rodriguez Lucas C. , Palmer Kelli L. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Rodrigues Danieli C.
Published: November 2014

Dicationic imidazolium-based ILs: a potent strategy for applications requiring non-toxic materials with antimicrobial activity.
A TiO2 nanofiber/activated carbon composite as a novel effective electrode material for capacitive deionization of brackish water
Authors: El-Deen Ahmed G. , Choi Jae-Hwan , Khalil Khalil Abdelrazek , Almajid Abdulhakim A. , Barakat Nasser A. M.
Published: November 2014

Schematic diagram of capacitive deionization process.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel julolidinyl-based nonlinear optical chromophores with enhanced electro-optic activity
Authors: Zhang Airui , Xiao Hongyan , Peng Chengcheng , Bo Shuhui , Xu Huajun , Zhang Maolin , Deng Guowei , Zhen Zhen , Liu Xinhou
Published: November 2014

Under microwave (MW) irradiation at a proper temperature, three chromophores (A, B and C) with julolidinyl-based donors and TCF or CF3-Ph-TCF acceptors have been synthesized in high overall yields compared with the conventional heating method.
Site isolation and coordination control of a transition metal ion by molecular surface engineering in mesoporous silica: the case of a bio-inspired copper–polyamine grafted complex
Authors: Abry Sébastien , Zhang Ping , Albela Belén , Bonneviot Laurent
Published: November 2014

Design of a bio-inspired material, where a competition between copper ions and their triflate counterions to the grafted polyamine is evidenced.
New cellulose–silica composite IMAC/C18 for the selective enrichment of phosphorylated molecules and the improved recovery of hydrophilic species
Authors: Najam-ul-Haq Muhammad , Jabeen Fahmida , Shafiq Faiza , Sajid Salman , Saba Ambreen
Published: November 2014

A new methodology is reported for the synthesis of a hydrophilic cellulose–silica composite, followed by derivatization for the selective enrichment of phosphopeptides and use as a desalting material prior to mass spectrometric analysis.
Exfoliated clay/polyaniline nanocomposites through tandem diazonium cation exchange reactions and in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline
Authors: Jlassi Khouloud , Mekki Ahmed , Benna-Zayani Mémia , Singh Ajay , Aswal Dinesh K. , Chehimi Mohamed M.
Published: November 2014

Exfoliated, conductive clay/polyaniline nanocomposites were prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of diazonium cation exchanged bentonite.
Structural insights into flavones as protein kinase CK2 inhibitors derived from a combined computational study
Authors: Lv Min , Ma Shuying , Tian Yueli , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhai Honglin , Lv Wenjuan
Published: November 2014

Binding conformation of flavone inhibitors to protein kinase CK2.
Stereospecific synthetic approach towards Tamiflu using the Ramberg–Backlund reaction from cysteine hydrochloride
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Chavan Prakash N. , Gonnade Rajesh G.
Published: November 2014

The stereospecific formal synthesis of Tamiflu from l-cysteine hydrochloride as the chiral source is described. The notable feature of the present strategy is the Ramberg–Backlund reaction and Sharpless–Reich protocol as the key chemical transformations to access the cyclohexene skeleton of Tamiflu.
Electrochemical role of oxygen containing functional groups on activated carbon electrode
Authors: Tojo Tomohiro , Sakurai Kengo , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Hayashi Takuya , Yang Kap-Seung , Jung Yong Chae , Yang Cheol-Min , Endo Morinobu , Kim Yoong Ahm
Published: November 2014

CO groups at the mouth of micropores increase the energy barrier for ions to enter the pores, resulting in a large decrease in the specific capacitance.
Crystallization and molecular dynamics of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/butyl rubber blends
Authors: Zhang Rui , He Xianru
Published: November 2014

In this article, butyl rubber (IIR) was blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) through a molten method. In the blends, IIR is beneficial to the crystallization of EVA, while EVA confined the molecular motions of IIR.
Synthesis of graphene-like g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity and applications in drug delivery
Authors: Liu C. G. , Wu X. T. , Li X. F. , Zhang X. G.
Published: November 2014

Graphene-like g-C3N4 nanosheet/Fe3O4 nanocomposites with high photocatalytic activity and applications for magnetically targeted drug delivery.
Thermal behavior of cellulose diacetate melt using ionic liquids as plasticizers
Authors: Li Zhixing , Liu Na , Yao Yongbo , Chen Shiyan , Wang Haifeng , Wang Huaping
Published: November 2014

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) was chosen as a plasticizer for cellulose diacetate (CDA) to investigate the feasibility of CDA melt spinning.
Reactive force field simulation on polymerization and hydrolytic reactions in calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) gel: structure, dynamics and mechanical properties
Authors: Hou Dongshuai , Li Zongjin , Zhao Tiejun
Published: November 2014

Tensile strength and mean chain length evolution with Al/Ca ratio. Yellow-red chains represent the silicate species and purple-red chains are the aluminate species.
Synthesis of polypyrrole–titanium dioxide brush-like nanocomposites with enhanced supercapacitive performance
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Yanzhou , Xu Xin , Ding Kun , Yu Demei
Published: November 2014

Polypyrrole–titanium dioxide brush-like nanocomposites show enhanced electrochemical performance and excellent cycling stability as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit
Authors: Omidizadeh Alireza , Yusof Rokiah Mohd , Roohinejad Shahin , Ismail Amin , Abu Bakar Mohd Zuki , El-Din A. Bekhit Alaa
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit.
DFT study of CO oxidation on Cu2O–Au interfaces at Au–Cu alloy surfaces
Authors: Liu D. , Zhu Y. F. , Jiang Q.
Published: November 2014

CO oxidation on the Cu2O–Au interface at Au–Cu alloy surfaces.