bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“You are not normal, you are against nature”
Authors: Patrona Marianna
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the media representations of scandalous parliamentary talk on same-sex child fostering in the
discourses of representatives of the radical-right Golden Dawn party in Greece, but also by an MP of the conservative ANEL party
of the SYRIZA-ANEL joint government at the time. Through discourse- and conversation analysis of online articles and a broadcast
interview, it is shown that the media framing of populist statements is negotiated. Moreover, the interview enacts a subtly
achieved interactional synergy between the interviewer and the politician, thus failing to address the issues through substantive
public dialogue. It is argued that the process of (re)mediating racist or homophobic talk has the potential to serve as a
publicity tool creating increased visibility for right-wing populist politicians, their core ideologies and policy platforms. This
creates a challenge for practitioners of journalism who must balance disparate concerns in reporting on scandalous talk.
Complexity and density of Hebrew verbs in preschool peer talk
Authors: Levie Ronit , Dattner Elitzur , Zwilling Racheli , Rosenstein Hadas , Eitan Stanzas Shirly , Ravid Dorit
Published: January 2020

Hebrew verbs were analyzed in the peer talk produced by 36 Hebrew-speaking children in two age/schooling groups (4;0–5;0 and 5;0–6;0 years), and from two socio-economic backgrounds (SES), mid-high and low. Each of the four age/SES groups consisted of nine children in three triads, where each triad was recorded for 30 minutes while playing. The interface of lexical and morphological growth was demonstrated in the developing organization of verbs in terms of roots,binyanconjugations and derivational families. SES was found the major source of variation in all measures, indicating a smaller and less specific verb lexicon in the low SES groups. Network analyses, a novel methodological approach, revealed the internal structure of the verb category in each age/SES cell, pointing to a scarce and less complex verb lexicon of the low SES groups. These measures also accounted for the growth potential of the network, increasing from the younger low SES group at one pole and peaking in the older mid-high SES at the other pole. These quantitative and qualitative differences in the morphological make-up of the verb lexicon and its usage patterns in preschool peer talk have implications for the impact of SES on verb learning in Hebrew.
Cardiorespiratory fitness, sleep, and physiological responses to stress in women
Authors: Crowley Shannon K. , Rebellon Julia , Huber Christina , Leonard Abigail J. , Henderson Daniel , Magal Meir
Published: January 2020

Epidemiological studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRfitness) is associated with reduced risk of depression and anxiety in women, however, the mechanisms by which CRfitness may be protective against the development of these disorders are less clear. Because sleep problems are associated with both a higher risk for mental illness and altered physiological responses to stress, this study investigated whether sleep quality might influence the relationship between CRfitness and physiological stress responses in women. Thirty healthy women (18–45 y) who were medication‐free, with regular menstrual cycles completed: (1) enrolment visit [including the assessment of CRfitness via maximal oxygen consumption during exercise]; (2) one‐week sleep monitoring period including subjective (daily sleep diaries) and objective (wrist actigraphy) sleep measures; and (3) psychosocial stressor protocol (the Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) for the collection of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and salivary cortisol stress responses. Higher CRfitness was associated with reduced wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration (r = −.38, p = 0.04), higher self‐reported sleep quality (higher scores reflect poorer sleep quality; r = −.37, p = 0.05), and lower HR (r = −.43, p = 0.02) during the stressor. Higher sleep quality was associated with a lower HR during the stressor (r = .44, p = 0.01). Increased WASO duration and WASO number were associated with blunted cortisol output during the stressor (r = −.44, p = 0.02, and r = −.46, p = 0.02, respectively). Results suggest that, in women, CRfitness may be protective against the deleterious effects of stress via improved sleep quality.
Trpml controls actomyosin contractility and couples migration to phagocytosis in fly macrophages
Authors: Edwards-Jorquera Sandra Sofía , Bosveld Floris , Bellaïche Yohanns A. , Lennon-Duménil Ana-María , Glavic Álvaro
Published: January 2020

Phagocytes use their actomyosin cytoskeleton to migrate as well as to probe their environment by phagocytosis or macropinocytosis. Although migration and extracellular material uptake have been shown to be coupled in some immune cells, the mechanisms involved in such coupling are largely unknown. By combining time-lapse imaging with genetics, we here identify the lysosomal Ca2+ channel Trpml as an essential player in the coupling of cell locomotion and phagocytosis in hemocytes, the Drosophila macrophage-like immune cells. Trpml is needed for both hemocyte migration and phagocytic processing at distinct subcellular localizations: Trpml regulates hemocyte migration by controlling actomyosin contractility at the cell rear, whereas its role in phagocytic processing lies near the phagocytic cup in a myosin-independent fashion. We further highlight that Vamp7 also regulates phagocytic processing and locomotion but uses pathways distinct from those of Trpml. Our results suggest that multiple mechanisms may have emerged during evolution to couple phagocytic processing to cell migration and facilitate space exploration by immune cells.
Mass spectrometry of neutrals and positive ions in He/CO2 non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma jet
Authors: Willems Gert , Hecimovic Ante , Sgonina Kerstin , Carbone Emile , Benedikt Jan
Published: January 2020

Neutral species and positive ions are measured by means of mass spectrometry in the effluent of the non-equilibrium atmospheric plasma jet operated in He/0%–1%CO2 gas mixture. The capacitively coupled plasma source is the predecessor of the known COST reference jet with identical performance and it is operated in a diffuse mode with gas temperature close to the room temperature. Threshold ionisation molecular beam mass spectrometry is used to measure absolute densities of CO, O2, O and O3 species. The CO molecules are generated with densities up to 2 × 1015 cm−3 at 1 W absorbed power. The O2 density is ∼6 times lower than the CO density and even lower than the O density at level of 4.5 × 1014 cm−3. The O3 density is negligibly small at 4 × 1012 cm−3. The measured O2, O3 and O absolute densities add up to ∼57% of the expected oxygen amount. The high O density could indicate that the vibrational excitation of CO2 is ineffective in this plasma and gas mixture, because O would otherwise react quickly with vibrationally excited CO2(v) to form CO and O2, the low energy efficiency is in agreement with the possibly low vibrational excitation. The highest energy efficiency is just 5% with 1% conversion efficiency. Ion mass spectrometry have been used to measure positive and negative ions, where only positive ions have been detected. The ion with highest signal is the

O

2

+

ion, probably due to its low ionisation energy.

CO

2

+

,

O

3

+

,

(
CO
)

2

+

, but no CO+, and protonated clusters or clusters containing water molecules have been detected as well. Neutrals and positive ions have been measured as a function of CO2 admixture, applied power and distance to the jet nozzle. The observed trends can be used for validation of plasma-chemistry models.
Quantum chaos in Feshbach resonances of the ErYb system
Authors: Kosicki Maciej B , Borkowski Mateusz , Żuchowski Piotr S
Published: January 2020

We investigate ultracold magnetic-field-assisted collisions in the so far unexplored ErYb system. The nonsphericity of the Er atom leads to weakly anisotropic interactions that provide the mechanism for Feshbach resonances to emerge. The resonances are moderately sparsely distributed with a density of 0.1–0.3 G−1 and exhibit chaotic statistics characterized by a Brody parameter η ≈ 0.5–0.7. The chaotic behaviour of Feshbach resonances is accompanied by strong mixing of magnetic and rotational quantum numbers in near-threshold bound states. We predict the existence of broad resonances at fields < 300 G that may be useful for the precise control of scattering properties and magnetoassociation of ErYb molecules. The high number of bosonic Er–Yb isotopic combinations gives many opportunities for mass scaling of interactions. Uniquely, two isotopic combinations have nearly identical reduced masses (differing by less than 10−5 relative) that we expect to have strikingly similar Feshbach resonance spectra, which would make it possible to experimentally measure their sensitivity to hypothetical variations of proton-to-electron mass ratio.
Effectiveness Of Learning Media Using Contextual Based Macromedia Flash for Junior School Students Al Hikmah Medan
Authors: Irvan  , Mushlihuddin R , Suhartini dan
Published: January 2020

Macromedia Flash is a software for interactive learning media so that it can improve student learning achievement. 21st-century learning is the result of the 4.0 industrial revolution in the world of education, it is hoped that students can actively participate in learning. This is discussed with the 2013 curriculum, so students become the center of learning and learning can run effectively. The objectives of this study are: (1) to learn the 75% completeness of student learning outcomes with KKM 70; (2) for learning Improvement of student learning outcomes; (3) to learn the timeliness in learning. The study population denied 280 people consisted of 8 classes, while the class VIII-5 sample released 35 people. This research is a quasi-experimental study. Testing the research hypothesis using a one-party test and the cumulative frequency, paired t-test. The results showed (1) completeness of student learning outcomes classically that is 80%, indicating mastery achievement has been achieved; (2) the value of sig <α, then the student’s posttest learning outcomes are better than the pretest; (3) appropriate use of time in accordance with the planned use.
Self Regulated Learning of Mathematics Education Students of Bung Hatta University
Authors: Khairudin  , Suryani Karmila , Fauzan Ahmad , Armiati
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to analyze the level of Self-Regulated Learning(SRL) on the material Differential Calculus of Mathematics Education students of Bung Hatta University. This research method using descriptive qualitative method. Subjects were students taking courses Differential Calculus. To obtain research data used questionnaire instrument SRL with indicators; (1) Not dependent on the others, (2) Have confidence, (3) Conduct discipline, (4) Having a sense of responsibility, (5) Conduct on its own initiative, and (6) Exercises self-control. By taking a sample of 24 students showed that 12.5% low, 79.17% medium and 8.33% high level. While the outcomes per indicator shows that students tend to be at the low category (below 60%). These results are consistent with the interview of six students who have of high, medium and low learning ability.
Effectiveness of Geogebra Learning With Scientific Approach To Vocational School of Technical Engineering 2 Binjai
Authors: Mushlihuddin R , Irvan  , Panjaitan S
Published: January 2020

21st Century is known as the era of the information society, this can be seen from the emergence of the phenomenon of digital society. So we know the term industrial revolution 4.0. The industrial revolution 4.0 has an impact in the world of education in Indonesia, known as 21st-century learning, which is technology-based learning and requires students to be the center of learning. This is in line with the 2013 curriculum which applies a scientific approach. One of the software that can be used in mathematics education is Geogebra. Learning media as an alternative creates effective learning. The objectives of this study are: (1) to find out 80% completeness of student learning outcomes classically with KKM 75; (2) to find out the improvement of student learning outcomes; (3) to determine the timeliness in learning. This research is quasi-experimental. The study population numbered 60 people from class XI-1 and X-2, while the sample class X-1 numbered 30 people. Testing the research hypothesis using a one-party test and the cumulative frequency, paired t-test. The results showed (1) completeness of student learning outcomes in a classical manner that is 83.33%, indicating completion of completeness; (2) the value of sig <α, then the student’s posttest learning outcomes are better than the pretest; (3) appropriate use of time according to the teaching plan.
Greenspace, bluespace, and their interactive influence on urban thermal environments
Authors: Hu Leiqiu , Li Qi
Published: January 2020

Urban land use land cover (LULC) change raises ambient temperature and modifies atmospheric moisture, which increases heat-related health risks in cities. Greenspace and bluespace commonly coexist in urban landscapes and are nature-based heat mitigation strategies. Yet, their interactive effects on urban thermal environments are rarely assessed and it remains unclear how extreme heat events (EHEs) affect their ability to regulate human thermal comfort. Using multi-year observations from a dense urban observational network in Madison, WI, we found that green and blue spaces jointly modify the intraurban spatiotemporal variability of temperature and humidity, and the resultant effects on thermal comfort show diurnal and seasonal asymmetry. Greenspace is more effective at cooling throughout the year, particularly at night. Accelerated cooling efficiency is found in areas with dominant greenspace coverage and little co-influence from bluespace. The thermal comfort benefit due to greenspaces can be offset by bluespaces because of intensified nighttime warming and humidifying effects during the warm months, although a weak daytime cooling of bluespace is observed. EHEs enhance bluespace cooling, but the overall joint thermal regulation remains the same due to the enhanced moisture effect. Our findings suggest that diverse outcomes of green and blue spaces cross multiple temporal scales should be holistically assessed in urban planning. The analysis framework based on generalized additive models is robust and transferable to other cities and applications to disentangle the nonlinear co-influences of different drivers of urban environmental phenomena.
Spatiotemporal Shoreline Change Analysis in the Downstream Area of Cisadane Watershed Since 1972
Authors: Warnadi  , A’Rachman F R , Hijrawadi S N
Published: January 2020

Identifying shoreline changes in coastal areas is significant in order to achieve success in coastal management and planning. Understanding the shoreline changes and the driving factors can be an essential reference in developing appropriate preventive measures. This study analyzed changes in shoreline on the downstream area of Cisadane Watershed by utilizing multispectral Landsat Satellite Imagery from 1972 until 2019. The results of this study indicate that in the downstream region of the Cisadane River, there has been significant accretion. That can be caused by the Cisadane River carrying a lot of material, which then settles and forms new land. In other places, however, along the coast of the Cisadane watershed, abrasion generally occurs in residents’ ponds areas, such as Kramat Village and Lemo Village, causing community losses. Abrasion in this area occurred due to ocean waves, sea-level rise, and the lack of mangrove areas.
Spatial Analysis of Deforestation in Water Recharge Area at the Toyoaning Sub-Watershed as a Drought Mitigation Effort
Authors: Bawafi Hanri , Indra Tito Latif , Kusratmoko Eko , Damayanti Astrid
Published: January 2020

The groundwater crisis in Kediri District has increasingly felt its effects lately, especially in Sepawon Village, Plosoklaten Subdistrict, which is located in the upstream of the Toyoaning sub-watershed. There were a land cover change and forest conversion in groundwater recharge areas which causes reduced infiltration of rainwater and thus a reduction in groundwater reserves. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine water recharge areas and water discharge areas in the Toyoaning sub-watershed, (2) to analyze the land cover change, and (3) to predict the land cover. This study uses weighting - overlaying methods for analyzing the variables used for determining groundwater recharge and discharge area. The results showed that forest cover was decreased in the groundwater recharge area, which was indicated as a cause of drought in the study area since September 2017. The area of primary forest lost from 2013 to 2018 is 0,71 km2 and the prediction area of primary forest in 2028 is 4,84 km2. The forest in the water recharge area is being converted into plantation and shrub/grassland. The government and the community together should be able to maintain the forest area to mitigate drought.
Management of Tourism Areas Based on Disaster Mitigation (Case Study of Senggigi Beach)
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Neni , Tanjung Ardyanto , Kodir Abdul , Wijanarko Heru
Published: January 2020

Tourism is often associated with magnificence and pleasure. But behind that, tourism is a very vulnerable and fragile economic activity. One of the vulnerabilities that overshadow tourism is the occurrence of natural disasters. In Indonesia, several disasters have caused an impact on the tourism industry, such as the Lombok earthquake that took place in 2018 causing 4,636 tourists to be victims, 100,000 tourists reduced, and losses of 1.4 trillion in the tourism sector. The purpose of this study is to identify tourism area management based on disaster mitigation. This research was designed using qualitative methods. The data collection uses field observation techniques, documentation, and in-depth interviews. The determination of the island of Lombok as a research location is because this region has a variety of interesting natural tourism potentials, such as the Senggigi beach which is located on the west coast of Lombok Island. Senggigi areas have a high earthquake and tsunami vulnerability. Based on research, it is known that Senggigi Beach needs to get more attention in terms of disaster mitigation, such as the making and installation of disaster-prone maps, the addition of evacuation signs, evacuation route maps, shelters, beach belts or buildings as breakwaters, and also monitoring towers. This is useful to provide a sense of security and comfort for tourists visiting the tourist sites.
Strengthen Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response on Young People through Geography Education: A Case Study at School in the Tsunami Affected Area of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia
Authors: Kamil P A , Utaya S , Sumarmi  , Utomo D H
Published: January 2020

Many initiatives can be carried out by the school community, directly or indirectly, contributing to strengthening disaster preparedness capacity. As a social subsystem inseparable from society, schools have the potential to act as the main actors in building community response and preparedness towards disasters through education. This study aims to build a school-community response and preparedness of the younger generation in tsunami risk areas in the city of Banda Aceh. Analysis of findings from a study in high school in the city of Banda Aceh to explain integration of geography education and disaster preparedness in learning situations. It also explored the contribution of geography education in strengthening students’ response and preparedness to the occurrence of natural disasters and natural hazards. The study was conducted using a case study methodology. Data collection involved interviews with teachers, questionnaire surveys to teachers and students in 10 high schools in the city of Banda Aceh. This study shows that there is a positive contribution to geography education on strengthening student response and preparedness. This can be an active support and needed for schools in disaster-prone areas. Finally, geography learning is an appropriate vehicle for disaster education in the context of disaster risk reduction.
Analysis of the Badeng River Storage Capacity for Flood Modeling in Singojuruh Subdistrict, Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Bachri Syamsul , Sumarmi  , Irawan Listyo Yudha , Aldianto Yulius Eka , Fathoni Mohammad Naufal , Fawaid Ahmad Mufti , Utomo Kresno Sastro Bangun , Nuraini Sisimi Gusty
Published: January 2020

The Singojuruh flash flood incident have diverse effects on residential and agriculture areas. As result of the 2018 flood, two houses collapsed and there were severe also effects on agriculture. This paper focuses on understanding the river capacity (Badeng River) as well as the modeling to the next flood. We used Hydrological Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) version 5.0.7 to analyze the river storage capacity. The factor in this analysis i.e. river morphometry (river length, river width, river depth and river slope) and manning coefficient. The sampling conducted in three point along the Badeng River. The result showed that each of point location have different characteristic hence influence its capacity. The smallest capacity has the biggest potential of flooding.
Monte Carlo simulation of CdTe thin film recrystallization process during chlorine activation
Authors: Zhu Ziyao , Liu Xiangxin , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yufeng , Wu Qiuchen , Lin Xinlu
Published: January 2020

In this work we studied the grain growth and orientation change of CdTe multi-crystallize thin films during chlorine activation. A thermodynamic energy criterion is proposed for finding non-toxic substitutes of cadmium chloride and tested by Monte-Carlo simulation method combined with CASTEP calculation and annealing algorithm. Visualized pixel images of simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. The mechanism of cadmium chloride for chlorine activation is explained from the aspect of thermodynamics. Predictions of non-toxic chloride substitutes for toxic cadmium chlorine and corresponding annealing routes are given based on the proposed energy criterion and energy calculation results.
Study on formability and strain hardening index: influence of particle size of boron carbide (B4C) in magnesium matrix composites fabricated by powder metallurgy technique
Authors: Rajkumar P R , Kailasanathan C , Senthilkumar A , Selvakumar N , JohnRajan A
Published: January 2020

In the present investigation, Magnesium composites have been fabricated with boron carbide (B4C) as reinforcement by powder metallurgicaltechnique. Two different particle sizes—micro and nano B4C particles with weight percentage of 0%, 5% and 10% has been studied. The green compacts were prepared by cold pressing and then sintering the specimens before being subjected to cold upsetting under triaxial stress state condition in order to study the phenomenon of workability and instantaneous strain hardening index. Powder characterizations are discussed using x-ray Diffraction peaks, Scanning Electron Microscope images and Energy Dispersive Spectrum analysis. Cold upsetting has been preferred to investigate the performance of the composites. The values of formability stress index factor (β

σ
), various stress ratio (σ

θ
/σ

eff
, σ

m
/σ

eff
andσ

z
/σ

m
) parameters and instantaneous strain hardening index (n

i
) are observed for increase in % of B4C particles and its sizes. The experimental results were analyzed pertaining to relative density. The results reveal that Mg-10% nano B4C composite has higher relative density, formability stress index factor and hence high workability than the other composites. The addition of B4C particles as reinforcement affects the strain hardening index due to geometric and work hardening of the composites.
Electromagnet polarity dependent reversible dynamic behavior of magnetic liquid metal marble
Authors: Jeong Jinwon , Seo Jeonghwa , Lee Jeong-Bong , Chung Sang Kug , Kim Daeyoung
Published: January 2020

We report reversible dynamic behavior of a magnetic liquid metal marble by changing magnetic field polarity. We coated iron (Fe) particles on the surface of the oxidized liquid metal by HCl-based chemical reaction to make it to be magnetized and to be non-wettable. We utilized electromagnets and changed current direction on-demand to change the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet. In 1-dimension (1-D), with an applied magnetic field of reverse polarity from the bottom, the conventional wetting shape of the magnetic liquid metal marble was observed, whereas the split was occurred with the applied magnetic field of same polarity due to attractive or repulsive force. With an applied magnetic field of reverse polarity, the split marbles was merged. By removing the magnetic field, the deformed magnetic liquid metal marble was recovered. The applied current dependent deformability and recoverability, and split and merge time were investigated. In addition, in 2-dimension (2-D), we observed various deformations and split behavior of the magnetic liquid metal marble with various magnetic field polarity combinations by utilizing electromagnets, which is reversible.
Effects of sintering temperature on thermoelectric properties of Cu1.8S bulk materials
Authors: Gu Shi-Wei , Zhang Yi-Xin , Guo Jun , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen-Hua
Published: January 2020

Due to the excellent electrical transmission and potentially excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance, digenite (Cu1.8S) has attracted more attentions. The combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) was widely used in preparing Cu1.8S bulk material, while the TE properties for pure sample were still low. Therefore, it’s worth to search a suitable synthesis method to enhance the thermoelectric performance for pristine Cu1.8S material. In this study, high-density bulk samples of copper sulfide (CS) were fabricated by solid states reaction method combined with SPS at different temperatures. When the SPS temperature was over 873 K, large amounts of sulfur volatilization lead to the appearance of Cu1.96S second phase and it was considered to have great influence on the thermoelectric performances. The result reveals that the increased sintering temperature could affect the density and grain size of the bulk samples. The highest ZT value of 0.54 was obtained at 773 K for the sample sintered at 773 K, which is also the highest ZT value for the pristine Cu1.8S in the literature.
Determination of capture barrier energy of the E-center in palladium Schottky barrier diodes of antimony-doped germanium by varying the pulse width
Authors: Omotoso E , Paradzah A T , Igumbor E , Taleatu B A , Meyer W E , Auret F D
Published: January 2020

The capture barrier energy of the E-center deep level defect introduced in Pd/Sb-doped Ge by alpha-particle irradiation has been studied. Palladium Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated by resistive evaporation technique were successfully characterised by current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V), conventional and Laplace deep level transient spectroscopy. The rectification quality of Schottky contacts before and after irradiation was confirmed by I-V and C-V results. The ideality factor and doping density were determined to be in the range of 1.23 to 1.46 and 3.55 × 1015 to 5.25 × 1015 cm−3, respectively before and after irradiating the device with alpha-particles. The thermal emission activation energy and the apparent capture cross section of the E-center were determined from the Arrhenius plot to be 0.37 eV and 1.3 × 10−15 cm2, respectively. The capture barrier energyand the true capture cross section of the E-center were calculated to be 0.052 eV and 2.25 × 10−17 cm2, respectively from the experimental findings after varying the pulse width at different temperature range from 145 to 180 K in steps of 5 K.
Enhancing the mechanical, wear and corrosion behaviour of stir casted aluminium 6061 hybrid composites through the incorporation of boron nitride and aluminium oxide particles
Authors: Gopinath S , Prince M , Raghav G R
Published: January 2020

This research paper portrays the enrichment of mechanical, wear and corrosion properties of the Aluminium 6061 matrix composite by incorporating hybrid reinforcements. Aluminium 6061 alloy is stir casted with different proportions of boron nitride (BN), Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and graphite particles. Tensile test reveals that the tensile strength and ductility for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al2O3- 5C is improved due to the presence of higher BN content along with 10% Al2O3. Significant improvement in microhardness (63HV), compressive strength (187 Pa) and impact strength (12 J) for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al2O3- 5C when compared with the bare Al 6061 alloy. The dispersion of BN with Al2O3 improved the wear resistance for the Al 6061-30 BN -10 Al2O3- 5 C composite, where as the unreinforced bare Al alloy has caused the major surface degradation resulting in poor wear property and the worn out surfaces are examined through the scanning electron microscope. The main wear mechanism is identified as adhesive wear. The corrosion test results clearly reveals that the corrosion resistance is higher for the Al 6061-30 BN -10Al2O3- 5C (−0.526 ± 0.004 V) with a lower current density of −0.983 ± 0.004 μA cm−2 than the other composites and bare Al 6061.
Direct generation of electrospun interconnected macroporous nanofibers using a water bath as a collector
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zaarour Bilal , Jin Xiangyu
Published: January 2020

Porous nanofibers are of great significance to different applications. Herein, interconnected macroporous nanofibers were electrospun from polystyrene (PS)/chlorobenzene (CB)/N’N-dimethylformamide (DMF) using a bath collector. The effects of the solvent ratio and bath collector temperature on the structure of PS fibers are studied. The results showed that the presence of CB is essentials for the formation of porous fibers. Furthermore, the size of the pores on the surface of fibers increases by increasing the ratio of CB as well as decreasing the temperature of the bath collector. The formation mechanism of the interconnected macroporous structure is discovered. The BET test showed that these fibers had an outstanding specific surface area (SSA) of ~44.27 m2 g−1. We believe our findings can be used as a good reference for the generation of electrospun nanofibers with interconnected macroporous using a water bath as a collector.
Green synthesis of Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous leaf extract mediated bio-molecule capped dilute ferromagnetic α-MnO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Ullah A K M Atique , Haque Md Mahbubul , Akter Mahmuda , Hossain A , Tamanna A N , Hosen Md Mottaleb , Kibria A K M Fazle , Khan M N I , Khan M K A
Published: January 2020

Bio-molecule capped α-MnO2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized from the reduction of KMnO4 via a facile green synthesis route using an aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized α-MnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform—infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the successful synthesis of bio-molecule capped crystalline tetragonal α-MnO2 nanoparticles with the size of 4–18 nm. The magnetic property of the product was evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and the result reveals that the presently synthesized bio-molecule capped α-MnO2 nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic property at room temperature.
Calculation and comparison on fracture toughness of specific reliability between ASTM and ISO standards
Authors: Zhang Si , Zhou Sizhu , Li Meiqiu , Fu Biwei
Published: January 2020

Fracture toughness, as a crucial mechanical property, is essential in the research of fatigue crack propagation and fatigue life. Considering the enormous data scatter of the fracture toughness in experiments, a data processing method is proposed to calculate the fracture toughness for the specified reliability. Based on the traditional data processing method shown in the relative standards, the two-dimensional, one-sided tolerance factor is introduced to calculate the influence of the reliability. In addition, by comparing the data processing methods of the fracture toughness presented in the ISO12135:2016 and ASTM E1820-2013 standards, the differences between them were mainly the range of the qualified data, the function of the construction line, and the equation of the regression line. Because the construction lines of the two standards are based on two different material constitutive models, if the constitutive model of material is more aligned with that of the ideal elastic plastic material, the ASTM E1820-2013 standard is recommended; otherwise, the ISO12135:2016 standard is recommended. For 30CrNi2MoVA, the ISO 12135:2016 standard was more suitable, and the error of the JIC obtained by the two standards was about 5%.
Strong correlation between mobility and magnetoresistance in Weyl and Dirac semimetals
Authors: Singh Sukriti , Süβ Vicky , Schmidt Marcus , Felser Claudia , Shekhar Chandra
Published: January 2020

The discovery of Weyl and Dirac fermions in solid systems is a recent major breakthrough in the field of condensed matter physics. These materials exhibit extraordinary properties in terms of carrier mobility and magnetoresistance (MR). These two quantities are highly dependent in the Weyl semimetal transition monopnictide family, i.e. NbP, TaP, NbAs, and TaAs. Furthermore, the gathered mobility and MR (or slope of MR) at 2 K in 9 T of other well-known Weyl and Dirac semimetals follow a relation similar to the right turn symbol, i.e. the MR increases rapidly with mobility; thereafter it begins to saturate after reaching a value of 103. This suggests a nonlinear dependency. Nevertheless, for materials possessing high carrier mobility, it is valid to expect high MR.
Formins specify membrane patterns generated by propagating actin waves
Authors: Ecke Mary , Prassler Jana , Tanribil Patrick , Müller-Taubenberger Annette , Körber Sarah , Faix Jan , Gerisch Günther
Published: January 2020

Actin waves beneath the membrane of Dictyostelium cells separate two distinct areas of the cell cortex. Upon wave propagation, one type of area is converted into the other. We show that specific formins are recruited to different areas of the wave landscape and use these actin-polymerizing machines to analyze the dynamics of pattern formation.
Primary Cutaneous Clear Cell Sarcoma, Clinical Outcome With Sentinel Lymph Nodes Status
Authors: Alhatem Albert , Nudelman Matthew , Schwartz Robert A , Hassoun Patrice , Malliah Rajit B , Lambert W Clark
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Primary cutaneous clear cell sarcoma (PCS) is a rare malignancy and difficult to differentiate from melanoma. We investigated factors influencing survival and recurrence.

Methods

An institutional cancer registry and literature search were used for a retrospective study. Only clear cell sarcoma cases with a primary site of skin and subcutaneous tissue were included. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess survival time and hazard ratios.

Results

Three eligible cases were identified at our institution. In addition, the PubMed and Google Scholar reviews identified 1,878 items, with 23 patients with PCS. The median age was 25 years with 62% female. The tumors ranged in size from 0.4 to 4.5 cm. Cytogenetics showed t(12;22)(q13;q12) in all cases and a unique variant of t(2;22)(q32.3;q12) in one case. Surgery was the most common treatment, followed by chemotherapy/radiation. PCS recurred in 46% of patients with a median relapse-free survival time of 15 months. Only two known PCS-related mortalities were recorded, at 38 and 60 months following initial diagnosis. Smaller tumor size and negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) status were significantly associated with a better disease-free survival.

Conclusions

Tumor size and SLNB status influence PCS survival and recurrence. More research is needed due to the rarity of this disease.
Job Stress, Burnout, Work-Life Balance, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction Among Pathology Residents and Fellows
Authors: Kelly Melissa , Soles Ryan , Garcia Edna , Kundu Iman
Published: January 2020

Objectives

The study explored job stress, burnout, work-life balance, well-being, and job satisfaction among pathology residents and fellows. The aims were to examine the prevalence and sources of stress and burnout, as well as identify resources to promote work-life balance and well-being and prevent burnout.

Methods

The study used a cross-sectional survey deployed online to a large national sample of pathology residents and fellows.

Results

Job stress and burnout were prevalent, with more than a third of the respondents reporting that they were currently experiencing burnout. The respondents, particularly residents, were struggling with academics, and higher percentages were struggling with work-life balance and emotional well-being. Overall, the majority of respondents who rated their work-life balance indicated that it was poor or fair. Among the factors contributing to job stress and burnout and detracting from work-life balance, workload was the leading factor.

Conclusions

The factors contributing to job stress and burnout included organizational factors such as workload, value, and aspects of the learning environment, as well as personal factors such as work-life integration. One of the overarching implications is the need to address a range of interdependent considerations in designing resources to reduce job stress, promote work-life balance, and prevent burnout.
INSM1 Is a Highly Specific Marker of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Primary Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Appendix, and Pancreas
Authors: McHugh Kelsey E , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Doxtader Erika E , Lanigan Christopher , Allende Daniela S
Published: January 2020

Objectives

INSM1 has been described as a sensitive and specific neuroendocrine marker. This study aims to compare INSM1 with traditional neuroendocrine markers in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Methods

Retrospective review (2008-2018) was used to retrieve paraffin-embedded tissue from 110 gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms and controls that was subsequently stained with INSM1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and Ki-67.

Results

INSM1 was positive in 16 of 17 (94.1%) gastric, 17 of 18 (94.4%) pancreatic, 13 of 18 (72.2%) small bowel, 17 of 21 (81.0%) colonic, and 26 of 36 (72.2%) appendiceal tumors. INSM1 was positive in 58 of 70 (82.9%) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, 17 of 20 (85.0%) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, 8 of 11 (72.7%) low-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 1), and 6 of 9 (66.7%) high-grade goblet cell adenocarcinomas (grade 2/3). INSM1 sensitivity for neuroendocrine neoplasms (80.9%) was less than that of synaptophysin (99.1%), chromogranin (88%), and CD56 (95.3%); specificity was higher (95.7% vs 86.0%, 87.3%, and 86.0%, respectively).

Conclusions

INSM1 is a useful marker of neuroendocrine differentiation in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine and mixed neuroendocrine neoplasms. Compared with traditional neuroendocrine markers, INSM1 is less sensitive but more specific.
3D-Cell-Annotator: an open-source active surface tool for single-cell segmentation in 3D microscopy images
Authors: Tasnadi Ervin A , Toth Timea , Kovacs Maria , Diosdi Akos , Pampaloni Francesco , Molnar Jozsef , Piccinini Filippo , Horvath Peter
Published: January 2020

Segmentation of single cells in microscopy images is one of the major challenges in computational biology. It is the first step of most bioimage analysis tasks, and essential to create training sets for more advanced deep learning approaches. Here, we propose 3D-Cell-Annotator to solve this task using 3D active surfaces together with shape descriptors as prior information in a semi-automated fashion. The software uses the convenient 3D interface of the widely used Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK). Results on 3D biological structures (e.g. spheroids, organoids and embryos) show that the precision of the segmentation reaches the level of a human expert.

Availability and implementation

3D-Cell-Annotator is implemented in CUDA/C++ as a patch for the segmentation module of MITK. The 3D-Cell-Annotator enabled MITK distribution can be downloaded at: www.3D-cell-annotator.org. It works under Windows 64-bit systems and recent Linux distributions even on a consumer level laptop with a CUDA-enabled video card using recent NVIDIA drivers.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Targeted realignment of LC-MS profiles by neighbor-wise compound-specific graphical time warping with misalignment detection
Authors: Wu Chiung-Ting , Wang Yizhi , Wang Yinxue , Ebbels Timothy , Karaman Ibrahim , Graça Gonçalo , Pinto Rui , Herrington David M , Wang Yue , Yu Guoqiang
Published: January 2020

Motivation

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a standard method for proteomics and metabolomics analysis of biological samples. Unfortunately, it suffers from various changes in the retention times (RT) of the same compound in different samples, and these must be subsequently corrected (aligned) during data processing. Classic alignment methods such as in the popular XCMS package often assume a single time-warping function for each sample. Thus, the potentially varying RT drift for compounds with different masses in a sample is neglected in these methods. Moreover, the systematic change in RT drift across run order is often not considered by alignment algorithms. Therefore, these methods cannot effectively correct all misalignments. For a large-scale experiment involving many samples, the existence of misalignment becomes inevitable and concerning.

Results

Here, we describe an integrated reference-free profile alignment method, neighbor-wise compound-specific Graphical Time Warping (ncGTW), that can detect misaligned features and align profiles by leveraging expected RT drift structures and compound-specific warping functions. Specifically, ncGTW uses individualized warping functions for different compounds and assigns constraint edges on warping functions of neighboring samples. Validated with both realistic synthetic data and internal quality control samples, ncGTW applied to two large-scale metabolomics LC-MS datasets identifies many misaligned features and successfully realigns them. These features would otherwise be discarded or uncorrected using existing methods. The ncGTW software tool is developed currently as a plug-in to detect and realign misaligned features present in standard XCMS output.

Availability and implementation

An R package of ncGTW is freely available at Bioconductor and https://github.com/ChiungTingWu/ncGTW. A detailed user’s manual and a vignette are provided within the package.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Secure multiparty computation for privacy-preserving drug discovery
Authors: Ma Rong , Li Yi , Li Chenxing , Wan Fangping , Hu Hailin , Xu Wei , Zeng Jianyang
Published: January 2020

Motivation

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and drug–target interaction (DTI) prediction are both commonly used in drug discovery. Collaboration among pharmaceutical institutions can lead to better performance in both QSAR and DTI prediction. However, the drug-related data privacy and intellectual property issues have become a noticeable hindrance for inter-institutional collaboration in drug discovery.

Results

We have developed two novel algorithms under secure multiparty computation (MPC), including QSARMPC and DTIMPC, which enable pharmaceutical institutions to achieve high-quality collaboration to advance drug discovery without divulging private drug-related information. QSARMPC, a neural network model under MPC, displays good scalability and performance and is feasible for privacy-preserving collaboration on large-scale QSAR prediction. DTIMPC integrates drug-related heterogeneous network data and accurately predicts novel DTIs, while keeping the drug information confidential. Under several experimental settings that reflect the situations in real drug discovery scenarios, we have demonstrated that DTIMPC possesses significant performance improvement over the baseline methods, generates novel DTI predictions with supporting evidence from the literature and shows the feasible scalability to handle growing DTI data. All these results indicate that QSARMPC and DTIMPC can provide practically useful tools for advancing privacy-preserving drug discovery.

Availability and implementation

The source codes of QSARMPC and DTIMPC are available on the GitHub: https://github.com/rongma6/QSARMPC_DTIMPC.git.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structural and temporal modes of heterodichogamy and similar patterns across angiosperms
Authors: Endress Peter K
Published: January 2020

Different kinds of synchronization of flowering, and of male and female function, have evolved in many angiosperms. The most complex patterns are heterodichogamy, pseudoheterodichogamy and duodichogamy. In this review, their occurrence across angiosperms is shown and the diversity in heterodichogamy and duodichogamy is outlined. Heterodichogamy is characterized by the occurrence of two temporally complementary genetic morphs, whereas in peudoheterodichogamy and duodichogamy only one morph occurs. In duodichogamy, the two phases result from alternating periods of several days of the same phase three or more times during a flowering season; however, they are of irregular length. In pseudoheterodichogamy, the two phases result from repeated flushes of flowering within individuals always with one or two flowerless days in between. In contrast to duodichogamy, the male and female phases alternate in a daily rhythm coordinated with the day-night rhythm. Heterodichogamy and similar patterns of synchronization are scattered across angiosperms; however, they are especially common in the Magnoliales, Laurales, Canellales, Zingiberales, Ranunculales, Trochodendrales, Fagales, Rosales, Malpighiales, Malvales, Sapindales, Caryophyllales and Apiales.