bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jonson’s University Show
Authors: Jowett John
Published: April 2022

In terms of its dramatic effectiveness, its technique of classical citation, and its use of non-normative male roles as performers, the show presented by Nano, Androgyno and Castrone in Volpone 1.2 falls outside the traditions of performance at the Globe theatre where the play was first performed. Though its affinities are closer to the drama of the boy companies, it is here argued that Jonson most likely introduced the episode when preparing the play for publication in print. The article further develops this argument for a cultural divide within the text as a means to describe the play published in 1607 as an exercise in textual anamorphosis.
Clinical and laboratory assessment of the antimicrobial effect of water ozonated with short-wave ultraviolet radiation on the microbiota of periodontal pockets in the complex treatment of periodontitis
Authors: Akhmedbaeva S. S. , Volkov A. G. , Prikuls V. F. , Tsareva T. V. , Podporin M. S. , Nikolskaya I. A. , Kokova M. A.
Published: April 2022

The study is devoted to the study of the effect of water ozonated with the help of short-wave ultraviolet radiation, used in the removal of dental plaque and hydromassage of the gums, on the microbiota of periodontal pockets.Examination and treatment of 102 patients aged 35–55 years with a diagnosis of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity was carried out. The results of microbiological studies indicate the high efficiency of the removal of dental plaque using water ozonated with short-wave ultraviolet radiation and hydromassage of the gums in the complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity. The study of the microbiota of periodontal pockets after the use of ozonized water showed a significant decrease in the frequency of detection of representatives of anaerobic periodontopathogens, with an increase in the sowing of species of stabilizing microbiota.
Comparative evaluation of methods of mathematical and graphical modeling of dental arches in physiological and pathological variants of occlusion (literature review)
Authors: Kochkonyan T. S. , Shkarin V. V. , Samedov F. V. , Dmitrienk T. D. , Domenyu D. A.
Published: April 2022

An important step in the development of modern orthodontics in the treatment of patients with dental anomalies and deformities is the achievement of a balanced balance between morphology, function and aesthetics, that is, an individual harmonious state in the maxillofacial region. Determining the optimal form of the dental arch, which will correspond to the individual parameters of the patient, will normalize occlusal relationships, improve morphological, functional and aesthetic results, reducing the likelihood of recurrence of occlusal pathology. The purpose of this work was to analyze the modern literature on the issue of the currently existing classical and modern methods of mathematical and graphical modeling of dental arches in various physiological and pathological conditions of the maxillofacial region. From a critical point of view, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the presented methods are considered. To date, significant theoretical and clinical material has been accumulated, aiming for further research using computer technology, taking into account the individual parameters of the gnathic part of the face. The opinions of experts are inclined to believe that before modeling the shape of the predicted dental arch, it is necessary to determine the dental and arcade type of the dental arch and its correspondence to the diagonal and gnathic type of the face of the same name.
Samarkand: Cultural and Scientific Center of Central Asia
Authors: ARSLAN Hammet
Published: April 2022

Özbekistan’da yer alan Semerkant kenti, coğrafi olarak ülkenin güneydoğusunda konumlanır. Köklü bir tarihe sahip olan Semerkant, yerleşim yeri olma niteliğini daimi surette koruması açısından Orta Asya’nın en eski kentidir. Uzun tarihsel süreçte kent, birçok İmparatorluğun merkezi olmuş, birçok hakana, sultana, krala ve idareciye ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Burada hüküm süren devletlerin ve yöneticilerin kente eğitim, mimari, sanat ve kültür alanında yapmış olduğu katkıları halen görebilmek mümkündür. Ilıman ve yağışlı bir iklime sahip olması kentin daima cazibe merkezi olmasını sağlamıştır. Dolayısıyla insanların yerleşmeyi ve yaşamayı tercih ettikleri bir bölge olarak öne çıkmıştır. Doğu’yu Batı’ya bağlayan tarihi İpek Yolu üzerinde konumlanmış olması şehrin kültürel çeşitliliğine, ekonomik zenginliğine katkı sağlamıştır. Aslında bu yönleriyle kent bir “medeniyet beşiği” olarak anılabilir. Bütün bunlarla birlikte birbirinden farklı kültürel unsurlara yer vermesi kentin kültürel anlamda zenginleşmesine yol açmıştır. Bu bağlamda Semerkant’ın tarihine göz atıldığında Yahudilik, Mecusilik, Budizm, Hıristiyanlık, Maniheizm ve İslam gibi dinlerin tarihsel süreç içerinde kentte yaşama fırsatı bulduğu görülecektir. Özellikle İslam bilim ve düşünce tarihi açısından önemli simaların kentte yetişmesi kentin bir bilim merkezi haline gelmesine yol açmıştır. Başla İslam olmak üzere bütün bu dinler değişik yönleriyle kentin kültürel açıdan zenginleşmesine katkı sağlamışlardır. Bütün bu hususlar kentin önemli bir ticaret, kültür ve eğitim merkezi olarak adının duyulmasına vesile olmuştur. Biz bu makalemizde (i) Semerkant kentinin kültürel yapısının tarihsel açıdan teşekkül sürecini (ii) kentin kültürel yapısının temel unsurlarını (iii) kentte yaşayan etnik ve dini unsurların yaşama tecrübesini ve onların bariz yönlerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemekteyiz.
The Use of Ideological Language in the Context of Political Coomunication in the Internet Journalism Media: (The Case of Ukraine Crisis News)
Authors: KILIÇASLAN Emine
Published: April 2022

Political communication, which is one of the most popular areas of today, has become very popular for political actors, especially as a result of developments in the media sector. One of the most important reasons fort his popularity is to reach the masses or the target audience quickly with social media. Second, by using social media, political actors reach the masses in the cheapest way without spending huge sums of money. For political actors, social media channels have been the most useful way of political communication, propaganda and political advertising. The developments in the internet and social media have further increased this power of political actors. Political actors carry out political communication activities over the internet.

Fort these reason, in this study, the language used in the news about teh crisis between Ukraine and Russia in the internet newspapers Sputniknews, and americanvoice, wich caused the discourses of war to break out, was analyzed. Analysis method the use of ideological language in the news was investigated through the words used in the way of reporting the news about the Ukraine-Russia crisis in the Russian Federation news agency Sputniknews, the USA news agency americanvoice.
ADAPTION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE SUPPLY CHAIN IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Sakib S M Nazmuz
Published: April 2022

The concept of blockchain technology is one of the latest ideas developed in the world of technology. The Healthcare supply chain concept is also incorporated in the research even though it is not a new idea since various healthcare facilities have been procuring medical equipment through the supply chain. The research is based on the use or rather adaption of blockchain technology in conduction transactions within the healthcare supply chain. The project should be undertaken due to the increased efficiency and security of money transfer when the blockchain technology is used. The increased rate of fraud ion Saudi Arabia will be reduced by implementing blockchain technology in the healthcare supply chain. The research will be conducted using a qualitative research methodology because it exhibits a subjective approach to the research questions. Interviews will be conducted during data collection. The concept displayed will add knowledge in academic research by providing evidence for references in various research studies.
Administrator Political Orientations and Views on Federal Encroachment
Authors: Uttermark Matthew
Published: April 2022

Does a public administrator’s political orientation color how they perceive the actions and activities of the federal government? Recent studies have focused on examining this question with respect to the general public, but not administrators directly – leaving our understanding of these effects nascent. Using a long-running national survey, I measure the impact of state administrators’ party identification and ideology on several measures of federal encroachment. I find that self-identified Democratic and liberal administrators are less likely to believe that the federal government is encroaching on state actions and hold more positive evaluations of encroachment when it occurs, compared to other administrators. Additionally, I find that these beliefs are conditioned on the composition of the federal government, with the largest differences occurring under a Democratic-controlled White House and Congress.
Abordaje quirúrgico del síndrome de vena cava superior asociado a neoplasia maligna
Authors: Garcia Gelvez Maria Isabel , Quintero Contreras Marcel , Latorre Quintana Manuel
Published: April 2022

Introducción: El síndrome de vena cava superior (SVCS) es una patología poco frecuente, asociado en la mayoría de los casos a neoplasias de origen maligno; la cual en estadios avanzados representa una urgencia médico-oncológica que compromete la vida del paciente.
Propósito de la revisión: El objetivo de la revisión es delinear el rol de las diferentes alternativas quirúrgicas y percutáneas para el tratamiento del SVCS. Buscamos reportes en donde se incluye los resultados de mejor supervivencia para los distintos tratamientos actuales.
Recientes hallazgos: La literatura médica describe tratamientos como la radioterapia, la quimioterapia, el bypass, la terapia endovascular y la reconstrucción vascular para el manejo del SVCS, sin embargo, no todos responden con la misma eficacia al momento de presentarse una urgencia vital por SVCS; esto producto de los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos del paciente. Dentro de los factores extrínsecos destaca la condición social la cual, se convierte en un reto al momento de realizar un manejo integral del paciente en ciudades fronterizas, donde los datos que conoce el médico sobre el paciente son limitados o el paciente no tiene un diagnóstico previo que permita orientar el manejo.
Conclusiones: El punto de partida del tratamiento del paciente con SVCS consiste en diferenciar la emergencia y la estabilidad mediante la tabla de clasificación de gravedad. En casos emergentes se tiene 2 alternativas: la terapia endovascular y la radioterapia. El abordaje quirúrgico con Baypass está contraindicado y el tratamiento definitivo con reconstrucción vascular con prótesis tiene ventajas y desventajas que deben definirse en forma individual considerando la etiología del cáncer asociado.
The Mechanism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II mRNA-Binging Protein 3 Induce Decidualization and Maternal-Fetal Interface Cross Talk by TGF-β1 in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Zhu Rong-hui , Dai Fang-fang , Yang Dong-yong , Liu Shi-yi , Zheng Ya-jing , Wu Ma-li , Deng Zhi-min , Wang Zi-tao , Zhang Yu-wei , Tan Wei , Li Zhi-dian , He Juan , Yang Xiao , Hu Min , Cheng Yan-xiang
Published: April 2022

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive intrauterine pregnancies that are clinically established early in pregnancy. To date, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of RSA remain unclear. It is widely thought that the impairment of decidualization is inclined to induce subsequent pregnancy failure and leads to the dysregulation of extra-villous trophoblast invasion and proliferation through maternal–fetal cross talk. However, the mechanism of decidualization in RSA has yet to be understood. In our study, we demonstrate that decidual samples from RSA patients have significantly higher insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) and lower TGF-β1 levels compared to healthy controls. In addition, the overexpression of IGF2BP3 in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) can lead to the impairment of decidualization in vitro-induced model and the abnormal cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, TGF-β1 and MMP9 levels were greatly increased after decidualization, whereas IGF2BP3 overexpression inhibited endometrial mesenchymal decidualization by downregulating TGF-β1, impeding maternal–fetal interface cytokine cross talk, and limiting the ability of trophoblast invasion. In conclusion, our investigation first demonstrates that abnormal elevation of IGF2BP3 in the pregnant endometrium leads to the impairment of decidualization and abnormal trophoblast invasion, thereby predisposing individuals to RSA.
Boron Oxide B5O6− Cluster as a Boronyl-Based Inorganic Analog of Phenolate Anion
Authors: Gao Shu-Juan , Guo Jin-Chang , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: April 2022

Boron oxide clusters have structural richness and exotic chemical bonding. We report a quantum chemical study on the binary B5O6− cluster, which is relatively oxygen-rich. A global structural search reveals planar C2v (1A1) geometry as the global minimum structure, featuring a heteroatomic hexagonal B3O3 ring as its core. The three unsaturated B sites are terminated by two boronyl (BO) groups and an O− ligand. The B5O6− cluster can be faithfully formulated as B3O3(BO)2O−. This structure is in stark contrast to that of its predecessors, Cs B5O5− and Td B5O4−, both of which have a tetrahedral B center. Thus, there exists a major structural transformation in B5On− series upon oxidation, indicating intriguing competition between tetrahedral and heterocyclic structures. The chemical bonding analyses show weak 6π aromaticity in the B5O6− cluster, rendering it a boronyl analog of phenolate anion (C6H5O−) or boronyl boroxine. The calculated vertical detachment energy of B5O6− cluster is 5.26 eV at PBE0, which greatly surpasses the electron affinities of halogens (Cl: 3.61 eV), suggesting that the cluster belongs to superhalogen anions.
Increased Cytokine Levels Assist in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Bacterial Infections or Concurrent Bacteremia in Patients With Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Zhang Jinping , He Haiping , Ling Xiaosui , Li Fan , Yang Zefeng , Zhao Jinlian , Li Huiyuan , Yang Tonghua , Zhao Shixiang , Shi Keqian , Guan Xin , Zhao Renbin , Li Zengzheng
Published: April 2022

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a form of tumor that originates in the lymphoid tissues. Bacterial infections are very common in NHL patients. Because most of the patients do not experience apparent symptoms during the initial stage of infection, it is difficult to detect the underlying condition before it progresses to a more critical level. The activation of the cytokines is a hallmark of inflammation. Due to the advantages of short detection time and high sensitivity of cytokines, many studies have focused on relationship between cytokines and infection. However, few studies have been conducted on NHL patients with infection. Therefore, we reviewed the cytokine profiles of 229 newly diagnosed NHL patients and 40 healthy adults to predict respiratory bacterial infection and bacteremia. Our findings revealed that IL-6(41.67 vs 9.50 pg/mL), IL-8(15.55 vs 6.61 pg/mL), IL-10(8.02 vs 4.52 pg/mL),TNF-β(3.82 vs 2.96 pg/mL), IFN- γ(4.76 vs 2.96 pg/mL), body temperature(37.6 vs 36.5°C), CRP(20.80 vs 4.37 mg/L), and PCT(0.10 vs 0.04 ng/mL) levels were considerably greater in NHL cases with respiratory bacterial infections relative to NHL cases without infection (P<0.05). Furthermore, IL-6(145.00 vs 41.67 pg/mL), IL-8(34.60 vs 15.55 pg/mL),temperature(38.4 vs 37.6°C), PCT(0.79 vs 0.10 ng/mL), and CRP(93.70 vs 20.80 mg/L) levels in respiratory infectious NHL patients with more severe bacteremia were considerably elevated than in patients with respiratory bacterial infections only (P<0.05). Remarkably, increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 are effective in determining whether or not pulmonary bacterial infectious NHL patients have bacteremia. Temperature, PCT, and CRP all have lower sensitivity and specificity than IL-6. IL-6 ≥18.79pg/mL indicates the presence of pulmonary bacterial infection in newly diagnosed NHL patients, and IL-6 ≥102.6pg/mL may suggest pulmonary bacterial infection with bacteremia. In short, this study shows that cytokines can be advantageous in the diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary bacterial infection and bacteremia in newly diagnosed NHL patients and may also guide for the use of clinical antibiotics.
Estimation of Dissipative Heating Properties Above the Internal Boundary Layer in Landfalling Typhoons Using Multi-Layer Tower Observations
Authors: Zhou Kang , Li Qingqing , Tang Jie
Published: April 2022

Wind observations from a multi-level observation tower are used to estimate the dissipative heating (DH) in three landfalling typhoons. The observations reveal the presence of a stress internal boundary layer (IBL) in the typhoon circulations. The integrated DH values increase with increasing wind speed above the IBL. The integrated DH calculated with the turbulent spectra method increases more rapidly with increasing wind speed than that estimated with the theoretical method. However, the integrated DH estimated using the theoretical method is significantly smaller than that calculated with the turbulent spectra method because dissipative rates with the turbulent spectra method are much larger above the IBL.
Investigating Subscores of VERA 3 German Test Based on Item Response Theory/Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models
Authors: Yavuz Temel Güler , Machunsky Maya , Rietz Christian , Okropiridze Dimitry
Published: April 2022

In this study, the psychometric properties of the listening and reading subtests of the German VERA 3 test were examined using Item Response Theory (IRT) and Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models. Listening and reading subscores were estimated using unidimensional Rasch, 1PL, and 2PL models, and total scores on the German test (listening + reading) were estimated using unidimensional and multidimensional IRT models. Various MIRT models were used, and model fit was compared in a cross-validation study. The results of the study showed that unidimensional models of the reading and listening subtests and the German test provided a good overall model-data fit, however, multidimensional models of the subtests provided a better fit. The results demonstrated that, although the subtest scores also fit adequately independently, estimating the scores of the overall test with a model (e.g., bifactor) that includes a general factor (construct) in addition to the subfactors significantly improved the psychometric properties of the test. A general factor was identified that had the highest reliability values; however, the reliabilities of the specific factors were very low. In addition to the fit of the model data, the fit of the persons with IRT/MIRT models was also examined. The results showed that the proportion of person misfit was higher for the subtests than for the overall tests, but the overfit was lower. NA-German students, who did not speak German all-day, had the highest proportion of misfits with all models.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Renal Tubular Vacuolation in BK Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: Zhao Guo-Dong , Gao Rong , Hou Xiao-Tao , Zhang Hui , Chen Xu-Tao , Luo Jin-Quan , Yang Hui-Fei , Chen Tong , Shen Xue , Yang Shi-Cong , Wu Cheng-Lin , Huang Gang
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic vacuolation caused by BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and thus search for potential target for drug repurposing.

Methods

Morphological features of BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) were studied under light and electron microscopes. Microarray datasets GSE75693, GSE47199, and GSE72925 were integrated by ComBat, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using limma. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related genes obtained from GenCLiP 2.0 were intersected with DEGs. GO and KEGG enrichment pathways were performed with intersection genes by R package clusterProfiler. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from a BKPyVAN recipient was analyzed with a dataset (GSE140989) downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) as control for gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of kidney sections from drug-induced ERS mouse models were performed to explore the association of ERS and renal tubular vacuolation. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersection genes was constructed to identify hub target. AutoDock was used to screen Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that potentially targeted hub gene.

Results

Light and electron microscopes exhibited obvious intranuclear inclusions, vacuoles, and virus particles in BKPyV-infected renal tubular cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed 629 DEGs between samples of BKPyVAN and stable transplanted kidneys, of which 16 were ER-associated genes. GO analysis with the intersection genes illustrated that ERS-related pathways were significantly involved, and KEGG analysis showed a prominent enrichment of MAPK, Toll-like receptor, and chemokine signaling pathways. GSVA analysis of the proximal tubule revealed similar pathways enrichment. An electron microscope image of the kidney from ERS mouse models showed an obvious renal tubular vacuolation with prominent activation of ERS markers verified by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, DDIT3 was identified as the hub gene based on PPI analysis, and ZINCOOOOO1531009 (Risedronate) was indicated to be a potential drug for DDIT3.

Conclusion

ERS was involved in renal tubular cytoplasmic vacuolation in BKPyVAN recipients. Risedronate was screened as a potential drug for BKPyVAN by targeting DDIT3.
Trickle-Bed Bioreactors for Acetogenic H2/CO2 Conversion
Authors: Steger Franziska , Ergal İpek , Daubek Armin , Loibl Nadine , Rachbauer Lydia , Fuchs Werner , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R. , Bochmann Günther
Published: April 2022

Acetic acid is an essential industrial building block and can be produced by acetogenic bacteria from molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). When gasses are supplied as substrates, bioreactor design plays an important role for their availability. Trickle-bed bioreactors (TBs) have an enhanced gas-to-liquid mass transfer and cells remain in the system by forming a biofilm on the carriers. So far, TBs have been investigated extensively for bio-methanation processes, whereas studies for their use in acetic acid production are rare. In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of two parallel TBs for acetic acid production from H2:CO2(= 70:30) by a mixed culture with a gas flow rate of 3.8 mL min−1and a medium flow rate of 10 mL min−1. Additionally, the effect of glucose addition during the starting phase on the resulting products and microbial composition was investigated by setting up a third TB2. Partial medium exchanges to decrease the internal acetic acid concentration (AAC) combined with recycling of withdrawn cells had a positive impact on acetic acid production rates with maxima of around 1 g L−1d−1even at high AACs of 19–25 g L−1. Initial glucose addition resulted in the accumulation of unwanted butyric acid up to concentrations of 2.60 ± 0.64 g L−1. The maximum AAC of 40.84 g L−1was obtained without initial glucose addition. The main families identified in the acetogenic TBs were Peptococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Planococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Dysgonomonadaceae and Tannerellaceae. We conclude that a TB is a viable solution for conversion of H2/CO2to acetate using an anaerobic enrichment culture.
Influence of Geometric Parameters of Tiny Blades on the Shroud of a Centrifugal Pump on the Cavitation Suppression Effect
Authors: Zhao Weiguo , Zhou Zhongliang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the effect of adding non-connected forms of tiny blades with different parameters of radial position, width, and length to the shroud of the impeller on the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump is researched. A modified SST k-ω turbulence model combined with the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation model is used for numerical simulation of the model pump. The results show that the numerical prediction of the original pump agrees well with the experimental results. Adding tiny blades with different radial positions, widths, and lengths has a small effect on the pump head and efficiency under each working condition. Adding tiny blades near the impeller inlet has better suppression of cavitation in the initial stage, and adding tiny blades in the middle and backward positions has a better suppression effect on all stages of cavitation. There is an optimal tiny blade width to make the cavitation suppression effect optimal, and the optimal width of the model in this study is 3/4 of that of the main blade. The effect of a tiny blade length on cavitation performance is small. The existence of tiny blades slightly increases the turbulent kinetic energy in the low-turbulent kinetic energy region near the impeller inlet, significantly reduces the turbulent kinetic energy in the high-turbulent kinetic energy region near the outlet, and reduces the overall pressure pulsation main frequency amplitude during pump operation, making its operation more stable.
Comparative Study on the Pretreatment of Aspen and Maple With 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Cholinium Lysinate
Authors: Choudhary Hemant , Simmons Blake A. , Gladden John M.
Published: April 2022

The efficiency of the enzymatic digestibility of certain lignocellulosic biomass has been observed as a function of their structural and chemical changes which in turn depends on the ionic liquid (IL) used as the pretreatment solvent. This study demonstrated and compared the feasibility of the IL pretreatment process for two woody biomasses, namely maple and aspen, using two mechanistically distinct ILs, i.e., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mim][OAc]) and cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]) as the solvent. The pretreatment was performed at three different temperatures of 100°C, 140°C, and 160°C at a high solid loading of 25 wt% to understand the impact of lignin content and crystallinity index on enzymatic digestibility. Saccharification of the biomass obtained after the IL pretreatment afforded 30–85% glucan conversions. For aspen, both [C2mim][OAc] and [Ch][Lys] exhibited the highest glucan conversion at 140°C. For maple, the highest glucan conversion was obtained at 140°C with [C2mim][OAc], whereas [Ch][Lys] had an optimum glucan conversion at 160°C. These pretreatments resulted in negligible delignification irrespective of the IL used. A significant loss of crystallinity was observed for all [C2mim][OAc]-pretreated biomasses, whereas the pretreatment with [Ch][Lys] resulted in an increase in the crystallinity index.
Spatial Variations in Vegetation Greening in 439 Chinese Cities From 2001 to 2020 Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Enhanced Vegetation Index Data
Authors: He Bing , Huang Dian , Kong Bo , Liu Kang , Zhou Chan , Sun Liqun , Ning Li
Published: April 2022

Vegetation is essential for maintaining urban ecosystems, climate regulation, and resident health. To explore the variations in city-level vegetation greening (VG) and its relationship to urban expansion, VG in 439 Chinese cities was extracted using the Theil–Sen and Mann–Kendall algorithms based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer EVI (enhanced vegetation index) data from 2001 to 2020. The spatial variations in VG and its patterns, as well as its relationship with urban expansion, were then analyzed. The following results were obtained: (1) cities with larger greening areas were primarily located in the central and eastern provinces of China, followed by the southeastern, southwestern, and western provinces. The 48 cities with the largest greening areas accounted for 60.47% of the total greening area. (2) VG patches in northern China exhibited better integrity. (3) The centralization trend of VG was evident; the location of VG patterns was influenced by the form of urban expansion. (4) The intensity of artificial impervious area expansion had a weak negative correlation with the VG. Therefore, we must enhance vegetation in new urban areas to improve the spatial balance of VG. The present results of this study can provide a foundation for developing effective policies for the construction and management of urban greenery projects.
MicrobioSee: A Web-Based Visualization Toolkit for Multi-Omics of Microbiology
Authors: Li JinHui , Sang Yimeng , Zeng Sen , Mo Shuming , Zhang Zufan , He Sheng , Li Xinying , Su Guijiao , Liao Jianping , Jiang Chengjian
Published: April 2022

With the upgrade and development of the high-throughput sequencing technology, multi-omics data can be obtained at a low cost. However, mapping tools that existed for microbial multi-omics data analysis cannot satisfy the needs of data description and result in high learning costs, complex dependencies, and high fees for researchers in experimental biology fields. Therefore, developing a toolkit for multi-omics data is essential for microbiologists to save effort. In this work, we developed MicrobioSee, a real-time interactive visualization tool based on web technologies, which could visualize microbial multi-omics data. It includes 17 modules surrounding the major omics data of microorganisms such as the transcriptome, metagenome, and proteome. With MicrobioSee, methods for plotting are simplified in multi-omics studies, such as visualization of diversity, ROC, and enrichment pathways for DEGs. Subsequently, three case studies were chosen to represent the functional application of MicrobioSee. Overall, we provided a concise toolkit along with user-friendly, time-saving, cross-platform, and source-opening for researchers, especially microbiologists without coding experience. MicrobioSee is freely available at https://microbiosee.gxu.edu.cn.
Cell Type Diversity Statistic: An Entropy-Based Metric to Compare Overall Cell Type Composition Across Samples
Authors: Karagiannis Tanya T , Monti Stefano , Sebastiani Paola
Published: April 2022

Changes of cell type composition across samples can carry biological significance and provide insight into disease and other conditions. Single cell transcriptomics has made it possible to study cell type composition at a fine resolution. Most single cell studies investigate compositional changes between samples for each cell type independently, not accounting for the fixed number of cells per sample in sequencing data. Here, we provide a metric of the distribution of cell type proportions in a sample that can be used to compare the overall distribution of cell types across multiple samples and biological conditions. This is the first method to measure overall cell type composition at the single cell level. We use the method to assess compositional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) related to aging and extreme old age using multiple single cell datasets from individuals of four age groups across the human lifespan.
Identification of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related lncRNAs as Biomarkers for Clinical Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Helin , Cui Junwei , Yu Jian , Huang Jian , Li Mingying
Published: April 2022

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Fatty acid metabolism is associated with cancer progression and a poor prognosis. We searched for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with fatty acid metabolism to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with LUAD. We obtained lncRNA expression profiles and clinical follow-up data related to fatty acid metabolism in patients with LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Signatures database. Patients were randomly divided into training, experimental, and combination groups. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Cox regression models were used to construct fatty acid metabolism-related prognostic markers, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the prognosis of each group, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of the prognostic model. We used the pRRophetic algorithm to assess the treatment response based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each sample in the Genomics of Cancer Drug Sensitivity (GDSC) database. A fatty acid metabolism-related prognostic marker containing seven lncRNAs was constructed to predict OS in LUAD. In the training, test and combination groups, the patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to a formula. K–M analysis showed that patients in the high-risk group had poorer prognosis, with significant differences in the subgroup analysis. ROC analysis showed that the predictive ability of the model was more accurate. A clinical prediction nomogram combining lncRNA and clinical features was constructed to accurately predict OS and had high clinical application value. Therapeutics were screened based on the IC50 values of each sample in the GDSC database. We found that A.443654, AUY922, AZ628, A.770041, AZD.0530, AMG.706, and AG.014699 were more effective in high-risk patients. We constructed a 7-lncRNA prognostic model to predict the OS of patients with LUAD. In addition, the predictive nomogram model based on our established seven fatty acid metabolism-related lncRNA signatures provides better clinical value than that of the traditional TNM staging system in predicting the prognosis of patients with LUAD and presents new insights for personalized treatment.
Telomere Interacting Proteins and TERRA Regulation
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Lara , Wagner Tina , Luke Brian
Published: April 2022

Telomere shortening rates inversely correlate with life expectancy and hence it is critical to understand how telomere shortening is regulated. Recently, the telomeric non-coding RNA, TERRA has been implicated in the regulation of replicative senescence. To better understand how TERRA is regulated we employed a proteomics approach to look for potential RNA regulators that associate with telomeric sequences. Based on the results, we have identified proteins that may regulate TERRA in both a positive and negative manner, depending on the state of the telomere. In this mini-review, we discuss and speculate about these data to expand our understanding of TERRA and telomere interactors with respect to telomere shortening dynamics.
Trained Immunity Contribution to Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Funes Samanta C. , Rios Mariana , Fernández-Fierro Ayleen , Di Genaro María S. , Kalergis Alexis M.
Published: April 2022

A dysregulated immune response toward self-antigens characterizes autoimmune and autoinflammatory (AIF) disorders. Autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases, while autoinflammation results from a hyper-functional innate immune system. Aside from their differences, many studies suggest that monocytes and macrophages (Mo/Ma) significantly contribute to the development of both types of disease. Mo/Ma are innate immune cells that promote an immune-modulatory, pro-inflammatory, or repair response depending on the microenvironment. However, understanding the contribution of these cells to different immune disorders has been difficult due to their high functional and phenotypic plasticity. Several factors can influence the function of Mo/Ma under the landscape of autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, or infections. For instance, some vaccines and microorganisms can induce epigenetic changes in Mo/Ma, modifying their functional responses. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity. Trained immunity can be mediated by Mo/Ma and NK cells independently of T and B cell function. It is defined as the altered innate immune response to the same or different microorganisms during a second encounter. The improvement in cell function is related to epigenetic and metabolic changes that modify gene expression. Although the benefits of immune training have been highlighted in a vaccination context, the effects of this type of immune response on autoimmunity and chronic inflammation still remain controversial. Induction of trained immunity reprograms cellular metabolism in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), transmitting a memory-like phenotype to the cells. Thus, trained Mo/Ma derived from HSCs typically present a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, which leads to the modification of the chromatin architecture. During trained immunity, the epigenetic changes facilitate the specific gene expression after secondary challenge with other stimuli. Consequently, the enhanced pro-inflammatory response could contribute to developing or maintaining autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases. However, the prediction of the outcome is not simple, and other studies propose that trained immunity can induce a beneficial response both in AIF and autoimmune conditions by inducing anti-inflammatory responses. This article describes the metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in trained immunity that affect Mo/Ma, contraposing the controversial evidence on how it may impact autoimmune/autoinflammation conditions.
One-Pot Fabrication of Poly (Ionic Liquid)/TiO2 Composite as an Electrorheological Material With Enhanced Electro-Responsive Properties and Broader Operation Temperature Range
Authors: Zhang Guangchen , Yang Shu , Zhao Zhenjie , Dong Chenjie , Jin Xiao , Wang Li-Min , Liu Ying Dan
Published: April 2022

Poly (ionic liquid)/TiO2 composite particles were fabricated using a facile one-pot synthesis method, in which the polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer and hydrolysis of the precursor for TiO2 proceeded in one system. The morphological properties of the composite particles were observed by a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The chemical and physical structures of the particles were analyzed by a Fourier infrared spectrometer and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. It was found that in the composite particles, poly (ionic liquid) (PIL) spheres are embedded in the continuous TiO2 phase, forming larger nonspherical particles of ∼10 microns. The rheological properties of PIL and the PIL/TiO2 composite particles dispersed in silicone oil were measured by a rotational rheometer with a high-power supply. At the same electric field, the PIL/TiO2 particles showed higher shear stress and elastic modulus than pure PIL particles at the same electric field. In addition, compared with pure PIL particles, the PIL/TiO2 particles work at higher temperatures, up to 100°C.
The Classification and Surgical Treatments in Adult Hirschsprung’s Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Shengzhe , Yu Yue , Pan Anfu , Gong Haifeng , Lou Zheng , Liu Lianjie , Hao Liqiang , Meng Ronggui , Sui Jinke , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To explore the treatments and short-term effects of different types of adult Hirschsprung’s disease.

Methods

89 patients treated in Shanghai Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the patient’s medical history, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination and postoperative pathological results, the patients were divided into adult congenital megacolon, adult idiopathic megacolon, ganglion cell deficiency (types I and II), toxic megacolon and iatrogenic megacolon, The Treatment methods and short-term prognosis of patients in each group were summarized.

Results

41 cases of Hirschsprung’s disease in adults and low anterior resection or pull-out low anterior resection was performed, and 35 patients with idiopathic Megacolon were treated with one-stage subtotal colon resection under the condition of adequate preoperative preparation. Some patients admitted for emergency intestinal obstruction received conservative treatment first or underwent elective surgery after colonoscopic decompression was improved; two patients with ganglion cell deficiency subtotal colectomy were performed to remove the dilated proximal bowel segment and the narrow distal bowel segment; three patients with toxic Hirschsprung’s disease underwent colostomy in mild cases, while subtotal colorectal resection was required in severe cases; Iatrogenic megacolon was diagnosed in eight cases and the optimum operation should be selected according to the specific conditions of patients.

Conclusion

Adult Hirschsprung’s diseases were divided into adult congenital hirschsprung’s disease, idiopathic Hirschsprung’s disease, ganglion cell deficiency, toxic hirschsprung’s disease, and iatrogenic Hirschsprung’s disease. Different types of surgical treatments for Hirschsprung’s disease in adults should be selected according to the specific diagnosis. All patients with adult Hirschsprung’s diseases have good short-term outcomes after surgical treatment.
Monitoring Human Viral Pathogens Reveals Potential Hazard for Treated Wastewater Discharge or Reuse
Authors: Cuevas-Ferrando Enric , Pérez-Cataluña Alba , Falcó Irene , Randazzo Walter , Sánchez Gloria
Published: April 2022

Wastewater discharge to the environment or its reuse after sanitization poses a concern for public health given the risk of transmission of human viral diseases. However, estimating the viral infectivity along the wastewater cycle presents technical challenges and still remains underexplored. Recently, human-associated crAssphage has been investigated to serve as viral pathogen indicator to monitor fecal impacted water bodies, even though its assessment as biomarker for infectious enteric viruses has not been explored yet. To this end, the occurrence of potentially infectious norovirus genogroup I (GI), norovirus GII, hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus A (RV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) along with crAssphage was investigated in influent and effluent water sampled in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) over 1 year by a PMAxx-based capsid integrity RT-qPCR assay. Moreover, influent and effluent samples of a selected WWTP were additionally assayed by an in situ capture RT-qPCR assay (ISC-RT-qPCR) as estimate for viral infectivity in alternative to PMAxx-RT-qPCR. Overall, our results showed lower viral occurrence and concentration assessed by ISC-RT-qPCR than PMAxx-RT-qPCR. Occurrence of potentially infectious enteric virus was estimated by PMAxx-RT-qPCR as 88–94% in influent and 46–67% in effluent wastewaters with mean titers ranging from 4.77 to 5.89, and from 3.86 to 4.97 log10 GC/L, with the exception of HAV that was sporadically detected. All samples tested positive for crAssphage at concentration ranging from 7.41 to 9.99 log10 GC/L in influent and from 4.56 to 6.96 log10 GC/L in effluent wastewater, showing higher mean concentration than targeted enteric viruses. Data obtained by PMAxx-RT-qPCR showed that crAssphage strongly correlated with norovirus GII (ρ = 0.67, p < 0.05) and weakly with HAstV and RV (ρ = 0.25–0.30, p < 0.05) in influent samples. In effluent wastewater, weak (ρ = 0.27–0.38, p < 0.05) to moderate (ρ = 0.47–0.48, p < 0.05) correlations between crAssphage and targeted viruses were observed. Overall, these results corroborate crAssphage as an indicator for fecal contamination in wastewater but a poor marker for either viral occurrence and viral integrity/infectivity. Despite the viral load reductions detected in effluent compared to influent wastewaters, the estimates of viral infectivity based on viability molecular methods might pose a concern for (re)-using of treated water.
Blue Light Inhibits E. coli, but Decisive Parameters Remain Hidden in the Dark: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lawrence Connor , Waechter Sebastian , Alsanius Beatrix W.
Published: April 2022

Blue light (400–500 nm) alleviates overexposure risks associated to UV light and has therefore gained increased interest in multiple applications. This meta-analysis deals with decontamination of E. coli through the use of blue light based from nine recent publications identified via a systematic literature search. In these studies, various pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli strains grown in nutritional broths were exposed to wavelengths ranging from 395 to 460 nm. Five meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane’s software for meta-analyses (Review Manager): one including all studies to estimate the effect of E. coli reduction and four subgroup-analyses considering reported intensities, wavelengths, exposure dose as well as serovars/pathovars. Random effects models were used. All included studies used colony-forming units to estimate the impact of E. coli reduction. None of the included studies involved an organic matrix (e.g., skin, food related surface). Exposure to blue light had a significant and large reducing effect on viable counts of E. coli. However, substantial heterogeneity across studies was observed. Among subgroups, reported intensity and wavelength showed the clearest impact on E. coli reduction. With respect to the reported exposure dose, the picture across the spectrum was scattered, but effect sizes tend to increase with increasing exposure dose. Substantial heterogeneity was also present with respect to all serovar/pathovar subgroups among the included studies. The present body of reports does not display a strong basis for recommendation of relevant intensities, wavelengths and exposure doses for superficial blue light decontamination in medical or food safety contexts. A serious shortcoming in most studies is the absence of a clear documentation of inoculum preparation and of study parameters. We suggest improvement for study protocols for future investigations.
The Effect of Dual Sensory Impairment and Multimorbidity Patterns on Functional Impairment: A Longitudinal Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhang Shimin , Wang Yi , Zhao Dan , Chen Xi , Zhou Chengchao
Published: April 2022

Objective

There is an urgent need to evaluate the contribution of several co-existing diseases on health. This study aims to explore the combined effect of dual sensory impairment (DSI) and multimorbidity patterns on functional impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

Data were from 10,217 adults aged 45 or older from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Sensory impairments were self-reported measures. Multimorbidity patterns were identified by using k-means cluster analyses. Functional impairment was defined using activities of daily living (ADL) scale and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale. Generalized estimating equation models were estimated to assess the effect of co-occurring DSI and multimorbidity on functional impairment.

Results

DSI prevalence was 50.4%, and multimorbidity prevalence was 37.7% at the baseline. The simultaneous presence of DSI and multimorbidity was associated with increased odds of ADL limitations (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 2.11–2.43) and IADL limitations (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.77–2.02). Five multimorbidity patterns were identified: the cardio-cerebrovascular pattern, the stomach-arthritis pattern, the respiratory pattern, the hepatorenal pattern, and the unspecified pattern. Compared to DSI only, DSI plus the hepatorenal pattern was most strongly associated with functional impairment (for ADL: OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 2.34–3.12; for IADL: OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.77–2.36).

Conclusion

Middle-aged and older adults with co-occurrence of DSI and multimorbidity are at increased risk of functional impairment, especially those with multimorbidity characterized by the hepatorenal pattern. These findings imply that integrated care for DSI and multimorbidity may be a potent pathway in improving functional status.