bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic Source Characterization for the 2014 Update of the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Model
Authors: Moschetti Morgan P. , Powers Peter M. , Petersen Mark D. , Boyd Oliver S. , Chen Rui , Field Edward H. , Frankel Arthur D. , Haller Kathleen M. , Harmsen Stephen C. , Mueller Charles S. , Wheeler Russell L. , Zeng Yuehua
Published: October 2015

We present the updated seismic source characterization (SSC) for the 2014 update of the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States. Construction of the seismic source models employs the methodology that was developed for the 1996 NSHM but includes new and updated data, data types, source models, and source parameters that reflect the current state of knowledge of earthquake occurrence and state of practice for seismic hazard analyses. We review the SSC parameterization and describe the methods used to estimate earthquake rates, magnitudes, locations, and geometries for all seismic source models, with an emphasis on new source model components. We highlight the effects that two new model components—incorporation of slip rates from combined geodetic-geologic inversions and the incorporation of adaptively smoothed seismicity models—have on probabilistic ground motions, because these sources span multiple regions of the conterminous United States and provide important additional epistemic uncertainty for the 2014 NSHM.
From reads to regions: a Bioconductor workflow to detect differential binding in ChIP-seq data
Authors: Lun Aaron T. L. , Smyth Gordon K.
Published: October 2015

Chromatin immunoprecipitation with massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is widely used to identify the genomic binding sites for protein of interest. Most conventional approaches to ChIP-seq data analysis involve the detection of the absolute presence (or absence) of a binding site. However, an alternative strategy is to identify changes in the binding intensity between two biological conditions, i.e., differential binding (DB). This may yield more relevant results than conventional analyses, as changes in binding can be associated with the biological difference being investigated. The aim of this article is to facilitate the implementation of DB analyses, by comprehensively describing a computational workflow for the detection of DB regions from ChIP-seq data. The workflow is based primarily on R software packages from the open-source Bioconductor project and covers all steps of the analysis pipeline, from alignment of read sequences to interpretation and visualization of putative DB regions. In particular, detection of DB regions will be conducted using the counts for sliding windows from the csaw package, with statistical modelling performed using methods in the edgeR package. Analyses will be demonstrated on real histone mark and transcription factor data sets. This will provide readers with practical usage examples that can be applied in their own studies.
Discriminating IT Governance
Authors: Tiwana Amrit , Kim Stephen K.
Published: October 2015

The information technology (IT) governance literature predominantly explains firms’ IT governance choices, but not their strategic consequences. We develop the idea that a firm’s IT governance choices induce adeptness at strategically exploiting IT only when they are discriminatingly aligned with its departments’ knowledge outside their specialty. Discriminating means that governing the two undertheorized classes of IT assets—apps and infrastructure—requires “peripheral” knowledge in different departments. Analyses of data from 105 firms support our middle-range theory.
Systematic Risk in Supply Chain Networks
Authors: Osadchiy Nikolay , Gaur Vishal , Seshadri Sridhar
Published: October 2015

Industrial production output is generally correlated with the state of the economy. Nonetheless, during times of economic downturn, some industries take the biggest hit, whereas at times of economic boom they reap most benefits. To provide insight into this phenomenon, we map supply networks of industries and firms and investigate how the supply network structure mediates the effect of economy on industry or firm sales. Previous research has shown that retail sales are correlated with the state of the economy. Since retailers source their products from other industries, the sales of their suppliers can also be correlated with the state of the economy. This correlation represents the source of systematic risk for an industry that propagates through a supply chain network. Specifically, we identify the following mechanisms that can affect the correlation between sales and the state of the economy in a supply chain network: propagation of systematic risk into production decisions, aggregation of orders from multiple customers in a supply chain network, and aggregation of orders over time. We find that the first effect does not amplify the correlation; however, the latter two intensify correlation and result in the amplification of correlation upstream in supply networks. We demonstrate three managerial implications of this phenomenon: implications for the cost of capital, for the risk-adjusted valuation of supply chain improvement projects, and for supplier selection and risk.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2187 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
To Commit or Not to Commit: Revisiting Quantity vs. Price Competition in a Differentiated Industry
Authors: Nasser Sherif , Turcic Danko
Published: October 2015

Previous studies have shown that quantity commitment by all firms in an industry mitigates price competition. This paper shows that when firms have a choice, asymmetric outcomes can arise, with some firms choosing to commit to a quantity and other firms choosing not to. To study the commitment decision, we analyze a multistage game within a duopoly of differentiated firms à la Hotelling. In the first stage of the game, firms choose whether or not to commit to a quantity. In the second stage, each firm that chose to commit sets a quantity, which represents an upper bound on how much it can sell to consumers. In the third stage, both firms set prices strategically, regardless of whether or not they committed. In the final stage, demand is allocated as consumers maximize their utilities. Firm(s) that chose not to commit to a quantity in the first stage can fulfill any quantity that consumers demand at the equilibrium prices. We find that if product differentiation is sufficiently low, both firms choose to commit to a quantity in equilibrium. This symmetric equilibrium allows both firms to avoid the intense price competition associated with low product differentiation. If the level of differentiation is sufficiently high, the equilibrium in quantity commitment is asymmetric such that one firm chooses to commit and its competitor chooses not to commit. Under this equilibrium, a pricing equilibrium in pure strategies does not exist, only a pricing equilibrium in mixed strategies does, and the equilibrium prices can result in a committed firm not clearing the entire quantity it chose earlier.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Drawing the real and the unknown: A look at a project by Gemma Anderson
Authors: Hernly Kenna
Published: October 2015

From March to November 2015, artist Gemma Anderson hosts the Cornwall Morphology and Drawing Centre (CMADC) at the Cornubian Arts and Science Trust (CAST), Helston, Cornwall. The aim of CMADC is to use drawing as the primary mode of investigation to learn about morphology, the study of form in nature. Through a series of drawing workshops, Anderson and her scientific collaborators identify and address questions that concern both scientific and artistic practice. This text focuses on the second workshop, in which mathematician Professor Alessio Corti worked in collaboration with Anderson to explore ‘Drawing in the Fourth Spatial Dimension’.
Existencillism: Banksy and the stencil as radical graphic form
Authors: Gough Paul
Published: October 2015

Contemporary graffiti artists, or ‘writers’ as they are known, observe a strict hierarchy that self-ranks ambition, daring and calligraphic innovation. At the apex are those writers who create the imposing wildstyle exhibition pieces, large-scale vivid inscriptions that require a high degree of graphic invention and daring. At the other extreme are the stencil-cutters, who by comparison are regarded within the peer community of the subculture, as lesser writers, relying on craft skills that are held to be quaint, even fraudulent. This article explores the persistence and ubiquitous spread of the stencil as a vehicle for mass-produced street art, made especially popular through the iconic work of British street-artist Banksy. Exploring the origins of his work in stencil the article examines how he has both radicalized the genre, while still retaining its essential value as an industrial, utilitarian and iconic graphic. The article compares the deadpan, but hugely popular, drawn language of the stencil with the freehand calligraphy of the taggers, ‘kings’ and other exhibition ‘writers’, and closes with a set of questions, in particular: what is the future of drawing in countercultural expression?
Ohn Theology (Holistic Theology)
Authors: Kim Myung Yong
Published: October 2015

The theology that had the broadest and strongest influence in Korea was the fundamentalist theology, with HyungRyong Park being the representative figure. Yet Korean theology did not remain in fundamentalism. Cho developed a theology of life different from that of soul-focused fundamentalist theology, and this is seen clearly in his theology of three-fold blessing. He spread a theology that gave hope to the sick and poor in Korea and planted the Yeoido Church that eventually became the largest in the world. However, Cho’s theology has not developed into the theology of the kingdom of God that saves society and history. Minjung Theology, which appeared in the mid-1970, was a theology that fought for justice and democracy. It finally drove out dictatorship and left a major historical achievement of establishing democracy in Korea. A considerable number of Minjung theologians were actively involved in the center of the politics during President Daejung Kim’s administration. However, lacking the doctrines of trinity and atonement and teaching self-salvation, it failed to take root in Korean Churches. Ohn Theology derives from 130 years of Korean theology: it merged out of Park’s soul- and church-centered theology, Cho’s theology of life, and the Korean Minjung Theology’s historical responsible theology, and it blossomed at what is currently Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary. It was based on Luther and on Calvin's Reformed theology and strongly influenced by European theologians like Karl Barth and Jürgen Moltmann as well as the prominent Korean theologian, JongSung Rhee.
Exit from a Foreign Market: Do Poor Performance, Strategic Fit, Cultural Distance, and International Experience Matter?
Authors: Sousa Carlos M.P. , Tan Qun
Published: October 2015

Although international entry and expansion has been a particularly important topic in the literature, there has been little research effort to explain firms’ exit decisions from foreign markets. Drawing on the notion of fit theory together with moderation contingent logic, this study investigates the effects of international performance and internal strategic fit as well as the moderating impact of cultural distance and international experience on the firm's exit decision. The results indicate that strategic misfit and poor international performance have a detrimental effect on the firm's survival in the foreign market. Furthermore, the results suggest that cultural distance moderates the impact of the internal strategic fit and international performance on the exit decision. In addition, the authors find a significant three-way interaction between international performance, cultural distance, and international experience. Using data collected from multiple informants in Chinese outward foreign direct investment firms, this study generates new insights for academics and practitioners.
Investing in Buyer–Seller Relationships in Transitional Markets: A Market–Based Assets Perspective
Authors: Hewett Kelly , Krasnikov Alexander V.
Published: October 2015

In this study, the authors explore whether investments in market-based assets outside of a market economy can be an effective tool for influencing buyer behavior. Using data from a sample of Russian physicians, along with both primary and secondary information on foreign pharmaceutical producers operating in Russia, they demonstrate that firms’ investments in market-based assets—which are positively associated with prescription behavior—are associated with physician perceptions of relationship quality. They further find that these investments are most effective when marketers and buyers reside in culturally similar markets. The results also indicate that relationship quality becomes less important for buyer behavior in the presence of authoritative mechanisms—a feature of market transition—and under conditions of low product complexity. In addition, the link between relationship quality and prescription behavior is stronger when manufacturers reside in countries that are politically similar to Russia. These findings demonstrate that the concept of “market”-based assets and their influence on buyer behavior and potentially firm performance may depend on the existence of at least certain characteristics of a market context.
Relationship Value: Drivers and Outcomes in International Marketing Channels
Authors: Skarmeas Dionysis , Zeriti Athina , Baltas George
Published: October 2015

Although collaborative business arrangements based on relationship marketing have become ubiquitous over the past decades, research studies of relationship value in international marketing channels are scarce. Drawing on the relational view of competitive advantage, this study investigates the drivers of relationship value in exporter–importer relationships and its impact on customer loyalty. The study findings reveal that relationship-specific investments, knowledge sharing, complementary capabilities, and relational norms are powerful contributors of importer-perceived value in an overseas supplier relationship. Importantly, exporter cultural sensitivity weakens the negative effect of psychic distance on relationship value; when cultural sensitivity is low, psychic distance takes on greater importance in attenuating relationship value, whereas when cultural sensitivity is high, psychic distance has no discernible effect. In addition, the results demonstrate that relationship value results in insensitivity to competitive offerings and future purchase expansion. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for international marketing theory and practice.
The Effectiveness of Customer Participation in New Product Development: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chang Woojung , Taylor Steven A.
Published: October 2015

Although the returns of customer participation on new product development (NPD) performance can vary substantially, the current literature lacks a systematic conceptual and empirical integration showing when customer participation is valuable in enhancing NPD performance. Building on knowledge management theory, the authors present a conceptual framework that synthesizes a variety of contingency factors. A meta-analysis empirically examines the moderating effects of contextual factors between customer participation and NPD performance. The analysis reveals that involving customers in the ideation and launch stages of NPD improves new product financial performance directly as well as indirectly through acceleration of time to market, whereas customer participation in the development phase slows down time to market, deteriorating new product financial performance. Furthermore, the benefits of customer participation on NPD performance are greater in technologically turbulent NPD projects, in emerging countries, in low-tech industries, for business customers, and for small firms. The authors discuss several theoretical and managerial implications about when to engage customers in the innovation process.
Pleasure as a Substitute for Size: How Multisensory Imagery Can Make People Happier with Smaller Food Portions
Authors: Cornil Yann , Chandon Pierre
Published: October 2015

Research on overeating assumes that pleasure must be sacrificed for the sake of good health. Contrary to this view, the authors show that focusing on sensory pleasure can make people happier and willing to spend more for less food, a triple win for public health, consumers, and companies alike. In five experiments, the authors ask U.S. and French adults and children to imagine vividly the taste, smell, and texture of three hedonic foods before choosing a portion size of another hedonic food. Compared with a control condition, this “multisensory imagery” intervention led hungry and nondieting people to choose smaller food portions, and they anticipated greater eating enjoyment and were willing to pay more for them. This occurred because multisensory imagery prompted participants to evaluate portions on the basis of expected sensory pleasure, which peaks with smaller portions, rather than hunger. In contrast, health-based interventions led people to choose a smaller portion than the one they expected to enjoy most—a hedonic cost for them and an economic cost for food marketers.
Competitive Advantage through Engagement
Authors: Kumar V. , Pansari Anita
Published: October 2015

The authors highlight the need for and develop a framework for engagement by reviewing the relevant literature and analyzing popular-press articles. They discuss the definitions of the focal constructs—customer engagement (CE) and employee engagement (EE)—in the engagement framework, capture these constructs’ multidimensionality, and develop and refine items for measuring CE and EE. They validate the proposed framework with data from 120 companies over two time periods, and they develop strategies to help firms raise their levels of CE and EE to improve performance. They also observe that the influence of EE on CE is moderated by employee empowerment, type of firm (business-to-business [B2B] vs. business-to-consumer [B2C]), and nature of industry (manufacturing vs. service); in particular, this effect is stronger for B2B (vs. B2C) firms and service (vs. manufacturing) firms. The authors find that although both CE and EE positively influence firm performance, the effect of CE on firm performance is stronger. Furthermore, the effect of CE and EE on performance is enhanced for B2B (vs. B2C) and for service (vs. manufacturing) firms.
Effects of roasting pretreatment on zinc leaching from complicated zinc ores
Authors: Chen Weiheng , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Yin Shaohua , Ma Aiyuan , Yang Kun , Li Shiwei , Xie Feng
Published: October 2015

Roasting pretreatment and ammonia leaching were performed to extract zinc from complicated zinc ores. The residue of the unroasted ore showed that the zinc containing phase ZnCO3 cannot be effectively leached in the ammonia leaching system. Mineral phase transformation of ZnCO3 takes place at a roasting temperature of 673 K, and this is the reason for the improvement of zinc leaching recovery. Additionally, the parameters that can influence the leaching rate of zinc such as the calcined temperature, the total ammonia concentration, the ratio of liquid to solid, the stirring speed and the leaching time were also investigated. Zinc leaching recovery from the complicated zinc ores could reach 84.7% under the following optimized experiment conditions: roasting temperature of 673 K, leaching temperature of 298 K, stirring speed of 500 rpm, total ammonia concentration of 6 mol/l, liquid to solid ratio of 11:1 and leaching time of 60 min. Compared to the zinc leaching recovery from unroasted ore (49.7%, ammonia concentration 6 mol/l), roasting pretreatment and optimization of process parameters can increase the zinc leaching recovery by 70.4%.
Does the quality of interlingual translation influence the quality of the intersemiotic translation? On the English language film adaptations of S. Lem's The Futurological Congress and Solaris in the light of their translations into English
Authors: Majcher Agnieszka
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to compare two English language film adaptations (by Steven Soderbergh and Ari Folman) with each other and with the books they are based on. Stanisław Lem’s novels - The Futurological Congress and Solaris - were translated into English and the directors of the films mentioned above were able to work with them. However, while one translation was appreciated by many, including the author of the original, the other one did not get much credit and features many inaccuracies, which will be presented below. The question of how much the quality of translation influences the intersemiotic translation, which adaptation is believed to be, will be examined in the paper. As, according to translation scholars, preliminary interpretation is vital for any translations, it seems justified to state that without being able to refer to the author’s original thoughts the film-makers cannot produce a good adaptation. This will be revised on the basis of comparing examples from the books and films. The analysis will be drawn on an account of translation and film adaptation theories together with the outlining of cultural background for each work.
The Riesz Hull of a Semisimple MV-Algebra
Authors: Diaconescu D. , Leuștean I.
Published: October 2015

MV-algebras and Riesz MV-algebras are categorically equivalent to abelian lattice-ordered groups with strong unit and, respectively, with Riesz spaces (vector-lattices) with strong unit. A standard construction in the literature of lattice-ordered groups is the vector-lattice hull of an archimedean latticeordered group. Following a similar approach, in this paper we define the Riesz hull of a semisimple MV-algebra.
Resolvent of nonautonomous linear delay functional differential equations
Authors: Blot Joël , Koné Mamadou I.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to give a complete proof of the formula for the resolvent of a nonautonomous
linear delay functional differential equations given in the book of Hale and Verduyn Lunel [9] under the assumption
alone of the continuity of the right-hand side with respect to the time,when the notion of solution is
a differentiable function at each point, which satisfies the equation at each point, and when the initial value
is a continuous function.
Soundscape approach integrating noise mapping techniques: a case study in Brighton, UK
Authors: Aletta Francesco , Kang Jian
Published: October 2015

In the guidelines about the management of areas of good environmental noise quality recently published by the European Environment Agency (EEA) it is suggested to combine different methodologies, like noise mapping, sound level measurements and the soundscape approach. Such a recommendation has started to be recognised by a number of local authorities in Europe that are gradually integrating a holistic concept into their environmental noise policies. This research aimed to explore and demonstrate the possibility to integrate conventional noise mapping methods and soundscape methods in an actual urban redevelopment project. A case study was made using the Valley Gardens project in Brighton & Hove (UK). Different scenarios of sound-pressure level distributionswere simulated for both traffic sound sources (i.e. noise maps) and natural sound sources (i.e. sound maps). Additionally, individual responses about the sound environment of the place collected during an on-site question survey were used to implement soundscape maps.

The overall picture revealed that the road traffic noise should be reduced, but also it is feasible that preferred sounds likewater features or birdsong could be introduced to make the sound environment more appropriate for the place. Generally, within the framework of this research, noise maps, sound maps and soundscape maps were used together to "triangulate" different layers of information related to the acoustic environment and the way it is perceived, providing a possible working procedure to consider for planners and policy-makers in the future.
Ernest Thesiger as a source of inspiration for Dr Prunesquallor
Authors: Tyler H. L.
Published: October 2015

Suggests that the eccentric actor, Ernest Thesiger (1879-1961), inspired Peake with the features and characteristics of Dr Prunesquallor in the Titus Books.
Assessing the Accuracy of SRTM Dem and Aster Gdem Datasets for the Coastal Zone of Shandong Province, Eastern China
Authors: Luana Shaopeng , Hou Xiyong , Wang Yetang
Published: October 2015

This study assessed the performance of recently released 3 arc second SRTM DEM version 4.1 by CSI-CGIAR and 1 arc second ASTER GDEM version 1 and version 2 by METI-NASA in comparison with ground control points from 1:50000 digital line graphs for the coastal zone of Shandong Province, Easter China. The vertical accuracy of SRTM DEM is 13.74 m root mean square error (RMSE), and GDEM version 1 reaches 24.11 m RMSE. Version 2 of ASTER GDEM shows better performance than version 1 and SRTM DEM with a RMSE of 12.12 m. A strong correlation of the magnitude of elevation error with slope and elevation is identified, with lager error magnitudes in the steeper slopes and higher elevations. Taking into account slope and elevation has the potential to considerably improve the accuracy of the SRTM DEM and GDEM version 1 products. However, this improvement for GDEM version 2 can be negligible due to their limited explanatory power for the DEM elevation errors.
Comparison of 2D and 3D Models of Salinity Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chunhui Li , Xishan Pan , Jie Ke , Xiaotian Dong
Published: October 2015

For the study of the effect of 2D and 3D mathematical model in salinity simulation, with Liuheng island strong brine discharge of seawater desalination project as an example, using 2D and 3D salinity mathematical models of Liuheng island to simulate coastal hydrodynamic environment and salinity distribution before and after the concentrated brine discharge, and analyzed the results. Finally got the applicable scope of the two models, it has an important significance in the study of similar problems.
Pseudo-Static Experiment and Analysis on Seismic Behavior of the RC Columns Strengthened by GHPFRCC
Authors: Li Xiuling , Wang Juan , Luo Min
Published: October 2015

Green high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (GHPFRCC) are a new class of sustainable cementitious composites, employing a high volume of fly ash to replace cement. In addition to increasing the sustainability of the construction environment, GHPFRCC exhibits a high tensile ductility and multiple cracking behaviors in the strainhardening state. These materials can effectively improve the structural energy dissipation capacity and structural durability. In this study, the optimum mixture ratio of GHPFRCC is presented established using an orthogonal experiment for a specific engineering application. The described GHPFRCC sustains the mechanical performance of concrete and is employed as the outer cladding to strengthen concrete columns. The finite element analysis of the material was based on the software ABAQUS and pseudo static experiments were conducted to exhibit retrofitting of GHPFRCC applied in the rehabilitation of seismic-damaged concrete columns. The computed and experimental results showed that GHPFRCC, while incorporating high volume fly ash, can retain significant multiple cracking behaviors. The energy dissipation capacity of the GHPFRCC reinforced concrete (RC) column is better than the comparable unreinforced column.
Multi-Grid Model for Crowd’s Evacuation in Ships Based on Cellular Automata
Authors: Chen Miao , Han Duanfeng
Published: October 2015

In order to enhance the authenticity and accuracy simulation of passengers’ evacuation in ships, a new multi-grid model is proposed on the basis of cellular automata theory. By finer lattice the multi-grid model could enhance the continuity of passengers’ track and the precision of boundary’s qualification compared with traditional cellular automata model. Attraction, repulsion and friction are also quantized in the multi-grid model to present the impact of interaction force among pedestrians. Furthermore, crowd’s evacuation simulated by traditional cellular automata and multi-grid model in single exit room and typical cabin environment have been taken as examples to analyze crowd’s motion laws. It is found that the laws of passengers’ evacuation simulated by the two models are similar, and the simulation authenticity and accuracy is enhanced by the multi-grid model.
A Simulation Model of Seawater Vertical Temperature by Using Back-Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Ning , Han Zhen
Published: October 2015

This study proposed a neural-network-based model to estimate the ocean vertical water temperature from the surface temperature in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The performance of the model and the sources of errors were assessed using the Gridded Argo dataset including 576 stations with 26 vertical levels from surface (0 m)–2,000 m over the period of 2007–2009. The parameter selection, model building, stability of the neural network were also investigated. According to the results, the averaged root mean square error (RMSE) of estimated temperature was 0.7378 °C and the correlation coefficient R was 0.9967. More than 67% of the estimates from the four selected months (January, April, July and October) lay within ± 0.5 °C. When counting with errors lower than ± 1°C, the lowest percentage was 83%.
Seismic Material Properties of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Casing Composite Concrete in Elevated Pile-Group Foundation
Authors: Zhou Mi , Yuan Wancheng , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2015

The paper focuses on the material mechanics properties of reinforced concrete and steel casing composite concrete under pseudo-static loads and their application in structure. Although elevated pile-group foundation is widely used in bridge, port and ocean engineering, the seismic performance of this type of foundation still need further study. Four scale-specimens of the elevated pile-group foundation were manufactured by these two kinds of concrete and seismic performance characteristic of each specimen were compared. Meanwhile, the special soil box was designed and built to consider soil-pile-superstructure interaction. According to the test result, the peak strength of strengthening specimens is about 1.77 times of the others and the ultimate displacement is 1.66 times of the RC specimens. Additionally, the dissipated hysteric energy capability of strengthening specimens is more than 2.15 times of the others as the equivalent viscous damping ratio is reduced by 50%. The pinching effect of first two specimens is more obvious than latter two specimens and the hysteretic loops of reinforced specimens are more plumpness. The pseudo-static tests also provided the data to quantitatively assessment the positive effect of steel casing composite concrete in aseismatic design of bridge.
M-Estimation as a Tool Supporting a Vessel Traffic Controller in the VTS System
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Czaplewski Krzysztof
Published: October 2015

In order to improve maritime safety and the efficiency of vessel traffic, systems supervising vessel traffic, i.e. VTS (Vessel Traffic Service), started to be created. These systems are aimed to control vessel traffic in waters where traffic congestion, a large concentration of vessels or the presence of navigational hazards creates a risk of collision or stranding.

VTS systems constitute maritime safety centres and they must be equipped with appropriate devices in order to be fully functional. Among devices that provide information about vessels are coastal radar stations which are located around a monitored sea area. This kind of spatial arrangement of these stations can be used to simultaneously obtain information about every vessel, but such observations may be fraught with serious errors. Therefore, the estimation methods that are employed and developed in geodesy can be used to improve the accuracy with which a vessel’s position is determined. The Interactive Navigational Structure, i.e. IANS, is an example of how these methods can be applied in navigation; this term has already been introduced into the literature (Czaplewski, 2004). The text below presents the theoretical assumptions underlying the use of IANS as a tool supporting a vessel traffic controller using the VTS system in his/her work. This presentation is supported by a numerical test that was performed in the waters of the Bay of Gdańsk which are covered by the VTS system.
Methods for Optimization of Sea Waterway Systems and their Application
Authors: Gucma Stanisław , Ślączka Wojciech
Published: October 2015

This paper presents developed optimization methods for sea waterway systems. Objective function of optimization of sea waterway systems have been formulated and its detail form for fairways has been determined. Three probabilistic methods for determining safe bed-breadth of fairway are described. Limitations of the presented methods are also discussed. The developed optimization methods for sea waterway systems have been applied to determine parameters of a modernized fairway between Świnoujście and Szczecin as well as its navigation systems
Use of Satellite Data in Monitoring of Hydrophysical Parameters of the Baltic Sea Environment
Authors: Krężel Adam , Bradtke Katarzyna , Herman Agnieszka
Published: October 2015

Intensive development of infrastructure for fast processing of outsized amount of space-borne data enables now to use the satellite data for operational controlling the state of its environment. In our presentation we show some examples of analysis of processes in marine environment which are possible due to satellite data and algorithms of its processing developed in SatBaltic Project. It concerns supporting of modelling of solar energy inflow to the sea with space-borne input data, identification and analysis of sea ice cover, supporting of oil spill detection, and identification of phenomena which modify spatial distribution of the sea surface temperature.
Daily Radiation Budget of the Baltic Sea Surface from Satellite Data
Authors: Zapadka Tomasz , Krężel Adam , Paszkuta Marcin , Darecki Mirosław
Published: October 2015

Recently developed system for assessment of radiation budget for the Baltic Sea has been presented and verified. The system utilizes data from various sources: satellite, model and in situ measurements. It has been developed within the SatBałtyk project (Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment - www.satbaltyk.eu) where the energy radiation budget is one of the key element. The SatBałtyk system generates daily maps of the all components of radiation budget on every day basis. We show the scheme of making daily maps, applied algorithms and empirical data collection within the system. An empirical verification of the system has been carried out based on empirical data collected on the oil rig placed on the Baltic Sea. This verification concerned all the components of the surface radiation budget. The average daily NET products are estimated with statistical error ca. 13 Wm-2. The biggest absolute statistical error is for LWd component and equals 14 Wm-2. The relative error in relation to the average annual values for whole Baltic is the biggest for SWu and reaches 25%. All estimated components have correlation coefficient above 0.91.
An Experimental Study of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine in Case of Cylinder Valves Leakage
Authors: Kowalski Jerzy
Published: October 2015

Presented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and a gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, four-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests over 50 parameters of the engine were measured with its technical condition recognized as a „working properly” and with simulated leakage of both air intake valve and exhaust gas valve on the second cylinder. The results of this laboratory research confirm that the leakage of cylinder valves causes no significant changes of the thermodynamic parameters of the engine. Simulated leakages through the inlet and exhaust valve caused a significant increase in fuel consumption of the engine. Valve leakages cause an increase of the exhaust gas temperature behind the cylinder with leakage and behind other cylinders. The exhaust gas temperature increase is relatively small and clearly visible only at low loads of the engine. The increase of the temperature and pressure of the charging air behind the intercooler were observed too. Charging air temperature is significantly higher during the engine operation with inlet valve leakage. The study results show significant increases of the CO, NOx and CO2 emission for all the mentioned malfunctions. The conclusion is that the results of measurements of the composition of the exhaust gas may contain valuable diagnostic information about the technical condition of the air intake duct and the exhaust gas duct of the marine engine.
P Wave Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Buzea C.A. , Dan Anca Rodica , Delcea Caterina , Balea M.I. , Gologanu Daniela , Dobranici Mihaela , Popescu Raluca Alexandra , Dan G.A.
Published: October 2015

Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with higher incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. Atrial late potentials (ALP) detected by P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) could be useful in detecting the patients at risk for supraventricular arrhythmias. Our objective was to assess the role of P-wave SAECG and ALP detection for arrhythmic risk evaluation of the patients with exacerbated COPD.

Methods. We prospectively included 45 patients with exacerbation of COPD and 58 age-matched patients with no history of pulmonary disease in a control group. We performed pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, echocardiography, 24-hour Holter monitoring and P-wave SAECG. We measured filtered P-wave duration (FPD), the root mean square (RMS) voltages in the last 40, 30 and 20 ms of the filtered P-wave (RMS 40, RMS 30 and RMS 20), the root mean square voltage of the filtered P-wave potentials (RMS-p), and the integral of the potentials during the filtered P-wave (Integral-p). ALP was defined as FPD > 132 ms and RMS 20 < 2.3 µV.

Results. Isolated atrial premature beats (APB) and supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) were more frequent in the COPD group. There were no significant differences between groups regarding the P wave SAECG parameters. In the COPD group none of the supraventricular arrhythmias was correlated with ALP or any P-wave SAECG parameters.

Conclusions. The patients with acute exacerbation of COPD but no apparent cardiac disease have a higher incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias. P-wave SAECG analysis and ALP detection have little value in the arrhythmic risk evaluation of these patients.
Application of column tests and electrical resistivity methods for leachate transport monitoring
Authors: Wychowaniak Dorota , Zawadzki Łukasz , Lech Mariusz
Published: October 2015

Development of the human civilization leads to the pollution of environment. One of the contamination which are a real threat to soil and groundwater are leachates from landfills. In this paper the solute transport through soil was considered. For this purpose, the laboratory column tests of chlorides tracer and leachates transport on two soil samples have been carried out. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity method was applied as auxiliary tool to follow the movements of solute through the soil column what allowed to compare between the results obtained with column test method and electrical resistivity measurements. Breakthrough curves obtained by conductivity and resistivity methods represents similar trends which leads to the conclusion about the suitability of electrical resistivity methods for contamination transport monitoring in soil-water systems.
Effects of environmental changes and human impact on the functioning of mountain river channels, Carpathians, southern Poland
Authors: Krzemień Kazimierz , Gorczyca Elżbieta , Sobucki Mateusz , Liro Maciej , Łyp Michał
Published: October 2015

In the northern slope of the Carpathian Mountains and in their foreland, river and stream channels have been significantly transformed by human impact. These transformations result from changing land use in river basins and direct interference with river channels (alluvia extraction, engineering infrastructure, channel straightening). Anthropogenic impacts cause significant changes in the channel system patterns leading to increased impact of erosion. This mainly leads to the channelling of the fluvial system. This article reviews studies of structure and dynamics of Carpathian river channels conducted based on the methodology of collection of data on channel systems, developed in the Department of Geomorphology of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University.
Das Auswärtige Amt und die deutsche Entscheidung zur Remilitarisierung des Rheinlands
Authors: Wolz Alexander
Published: October 2015

Vorspann

Am 7. März 1936 unternahm Hitler einen entscheidenden Schritt zur Zerstörung nicht nur der Versailler Ordnung, sondern auch des 1925 im Zuge von Stresemanns Verständigungspolitik abgeschlossenen Locarno-Pakts, indem er Truppen in das entmilitarisierte Rheinland einmarschieren ließ. Das war eine Entscheidung von erheblicher außenpolitischer Tragweite. Welche Rolle hat hierbei das Auswärtige Amt gespielt? Das ist die zentrale Frage von Alexander Wolz‘ Aufsatz, in dem zugleich das völkerrechtliche Geflecht analysiert wird, das damals einen tiefen Einschnitt erlitt.
Phosphoproteomic screening identifies Rab GTPases as novel downstream targets of PINK1
Authors: Lai Yu‐Chiang , Kondapalli Chandana , Lehneck Ronny , Procter James B , Dill Brian D , Woodroof Helen I , Gourlay Robert , Peggie Mark , Macartney Thomas J , Corti Olga , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Campbell David G , Itzen Aymelt , Trost Matthias , Muqit Miratul MK
Published: October 2015

Mutations in the PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are causative of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). We have previously reported that PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial depolarisation and phosphorylates serine 65 (Ser65) of the ubiquitin ligase Parkin and ubiquitin to stimulate Parkin E3 ligase activity. Here, we have employed quantitative phosphoproteomics to search for novel PINK1‐dependent phosphorylation targets in HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cells stimulated by mitochondrial depolarisation. This led to the identification of 14,213 phosphosites from 4,499 gene products. Whilst most phosphosites were unaffected, we strikingly observed three members of a sub‐family of Rab GTPases namely Rab8A, 8B and 13 that are all phosphorylated at the highly conserved residue of serine 111 (Ser111) in response to PINK1 activation. Using phospho‐specific antibodies raised against Ser111 of each of the Rabs, we demonstrate that Rab Ser111 phosphorylation occurs specifically in response to PINK1 activation and is abolished in HeLa PINK1 knockout cells and mutant PINK1 PD patient‐derived fibroblasts stimulated by mitochondrial depolarisation. We provide evidence that Rab8A GTPase Ser111 phosphorylation is not directly regulated by PINK1 in vitro and demonstrate in cells the time course of Ser111 phosphorylation of Rab8A, 8B and 13 is markedly delayed compared to phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser65. We further show mechanistically that phosphorylation at Ser111 significantly impairs Rab8A activation by its cognate guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), Rabin8 (by using the Ser111Glu phosphorylation mimic). These findings provide the first evidence that PINK1 is able to regulate the phosphorylation of Rab GTPases and indicate that monitoring phosphorylation of Rab8A/8B/13 at Ser111 may represent novel biomarkers of PINK1 activity in vivo. Our findings also suggest that disruption of Rab GTPase‐mediated signalling may represent a major mechanism in the neurodegenerative cascade of Parkinson's disease.
Assembly of the nucleolus: in need of revision
Authors: Carmo‐Fonseca Maria
Published: October 2015

Our current view of the nucleolus has been shaped by the concept that the organization of this prominent compartment within the nucleus is primarily dictated by its function, the making of ribosome subunits. Whether ribosome biogenesis is framed by a dedicated nucleolar scaffold has remained unclear. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Caudron‐Herger and colleagues present evidence for a nucleolar skeleton composed of non‐coding RNA enriched in Alu repeat elements.
Docentes vs. estudiantes. Contradicciones en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales para el desarrollo de competencias científicas
Authors: Castro Adriana , Ramírez Ruby
Published: October 2015

Se presentan en este trabajo investigativo los resultados de la fase de diagnóstico en la tesis de Maestría en Desarrollo de Competencias Científicas en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales. Esta fase permitió establecer, de un lado, las contradicciones e incoherencias entre las concepciones de enseñanza de los docentes y sus prácticas de aula; y de otro, la perspectiva de los estudiantes frente a la realidad de las prácticas de enseñanza. Se evidencia que, en el proceso de construcción y reconstrucción del conocimiento, el docente no asume al estudiante como un sujeto activo y protagonista; por el contrario, persisten las prácticas tradicionales de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

 

Palabras clave: enseñanza de las ciencias naturales, aprendizaje, competencias científicas, concepciones.
Desnudar las prácticas educativas: política de la relación pedagógica
Authors: Galindo Rafael Reyes
Published: October 2015

El presente artículo, que presenta resultados de investigación desde una perspectiva analítica, sobre el trabajo de la línea de investigación Ámbito de la Educación Superior, reflexiona sobre el significado que tiene el desnudar las prácticas educativas, que en palabras académicas expresa el hecho de despojarlas de la razón instrumental, para reconducir de otra manera la relación pedagógica, en donde las personas no son objetos de estudio, sino que son sujetos de conversación. A partir d los aportes de Rancière, el escrito le asigna a la relación pedagógica un rol distintos a producir libertad. Se trata, en cambio, de desarrollar una educación a partir de la libertad ya tomada.

 

Palabras clave: emancipación, pedagogía, relación pedagógica, política.
Aproximaciones al estado de la cuestión de la investigación en educación y derechos humanos
Authors: Pérez Tito Hernando Pérez
Published: October 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados fruto de la investigación titulada Prácticas contrarias a los derechos humanos en instituciones de educación media de la ciudad de Bogotá. El documento tiene como propósito indagar en qué situación se encuentra el estado de la cuestión investigativa sobre la escuela y los derechos humanos. La investigación fue realizada en distintas instituciones de educación media de la ciudad de Bogotá. La cual tiene como eje establecer qué tipo de situaciones de violaciones a derechos se presentan en algunas instituciones de educación básica y media del distrito capital.

 

Palabras clave: derechos humanos, educación, escuela, pedagogía, discriminación, diversidad.