bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMC1B is present in mammalian somatic cells and interacts with mitotic cohesin proteins
Authors: Mannini Linda , Cucco Francesco , Quarantotti Valentina , Amato Clelia , Tinti Mara , Tana Luigi , Frattini Annalisa , Delia Domenico , Krantz Ian D. , Jessberger Rolf , Musio Antonio
Published: December 2015

Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that plays a role in many biological processes: it ensures faithful chromosome segregation, regulates gene expression and preserves genome stability. In mammalian cells, the mitotic cohesin complex consists of two structural maintenance of chromosome proteins, SMC1A and SMC3, the kleisin protein RAD21 and a fourth subunit either STAG1 or STAG2. Meiotic paralogs in mammals were reported for SMC1A, RAD21 and STAG1/STAG2 and are called SMC1B, REC8 and STAG3 respectively. It is believed that SMC1B is only a meiotic-specific cohesin member, required for sister chromatid pairing and for preventing telomere shortening. Here we show that SMC1B is also expressed in somatic mammalian cells and is a member of a mitotic cohesin complex. In addition, SMC1B safeguards genome stability following irradiation whereas its ablation has no effect on chromosome segregation. Finally, unexpectedly SMC1B depletion impairs gene transcription, particularly at genes mapping to clusters such as HOX and PCDHB. Genome-wide analyses show that cluster genes changing in expression are enriched for cohesin-SMC1B binding.
Highly-sensitive organophosphorus pesticide biosensors based on CdTe quantum dots and bi-enzyme immobilized eggshell membranes
Authors: Xue Gao , Yue Zhao , Bing Zhang , Yiwei Tang , Xiuying Liu , Jianrong Li
Published: December 2015

An optical biosensing method using CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and bi-enzyme-immobilized eggshell membranes for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been developed.
Versatile process for the stereodiverse construction of 1,3-polyols: iterative chain elongation with chiral building blocks
Authors: Bredenkamp Angela , Wegener Michael , Hummel Sara , Häring Andreas P. , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: December 2015

The iterative synthesis of all stereoisomers of 1,3-polyols by use of chiral building blocks is presented.
CO2 adsorption–desorption performance of mesoporous zirconium hydroxide with robust water durability
Authors: Kamimura Y. , Endo A.
Published: December 2015

The present study demonstrates for the first time, the development of mesoporous zirconium hydroxide with high CO2 capacity and sustainable adsorption–desorption performance within a broad range of pressures (100–3000 kPa).
Complex doping chemistry owing to Mn incorporation in nanocrystalline anatase TiO2powders
Authors: Guo Meilan , Gao Yun , . Shao G
Published: December 2015

Mn-doped TiO2powders with a wide range of nominal doping levels were fabricated using a one-step hydrothermal method followed by 400 °C annealing.
Electrochemical studies of hydrogen chloride gas in several room temperature ionic liquids: mechanism and sensing
Authors: Murugappan Krishnan , Silvester Debbie S.
Published: December 2015

The behaviour of HCl in six RTILs reveals significant reactions with [PF6]− anions, but electrochemical sensing is still possible in RTILs with [NTf2]− anions.
A structural model of the chiral “Im3m” cubic phase
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Yamamura Yasuhisa , Miwa Yohei , Kutsumizu Shoichi
Published: December 2015

Assuming the twisted arrangement of rodlike molecules as the origin of the chirality as in the existing model, a new model of the molecular arrangement in the cubic “Im3m” phase is proposed.
NHC-based pincer ligands: carbenes with a bite
Authors: Andrew Rhiann E. , González-Sebastián Lucero , Chaplin Adrian B.
Published: December 2015

In this frontier article we overview the emergence and scope of NHC-based CCC and CNC pincer systems, i.e. complexes containing mer-tridentate ligands bearing two NHC donor groups, comment on their effectiveness in applications, and highlight areas for future development and exploitation.
Non-linear partitioning and organic volatility distributions of urban aerosols
Authors: Madronich S. , Conley A. J. , Lee-Taylor J. , Kleinman L. I. , Hodzic A. , Aumont B.
Published: December 2015

Gas-to-particle partitioning of organic aerosols (OA) is represented in most models by Raoult's law, and depends on the existing mass of particles into which organic gases can dissolve. This raises the possibility of non-linear response of particle-phase OA mass to the emissions of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to this partitioning mass. Implications for air quality management are evident: a strong non-linear dependence would suggest that reductions in VOC emission would have a more-than-proportionate benefit in lowering ambient OA concentrations. Chamber measurements on simple VOC mixtures generally confirm the non-linear scaling between OA and VOCs, usually stated as a mass-dependence of the measured OA yields. However, for realistic ambient conditions including urban settings, no single component dominates the composition of the organic particles, and deviations from linearity are presumed to be small. Here we re-examine the linearity question using volatility spectra from several sources: (1) chamber studies of selected aerosols, (2) volatility inferred for aerosols sampled in two megacities, Mexico City and Paris, and (3) an explicit chemistry model (GECKO-A). These few available volatility distributions suggest that urban OA may be only slightly super-linear, with most values of the normalized sensitivity exponent in the range 1.1–1.3, also substantially lower than seen in chambers for some specific aerosols. The rather low exponents suggest that OA concentrations in megacities are not an inevitable convergence of non-linear effects, but can be addressed (much like in smaller urban areas) by proportionate reductions in emissions.
Handheld real-time PCR device
Authors: Ahrberg Christian D. , Ilic Bojan Robert , Manz Andreas , Neužil Pavel
Published: December 2015

World's smallest, fully autonomous, handheld real-time PCR was shown in this contribution. The device can quickly process up to four samples at a time with detection capability of a single DNA copy. The fully integrated system includes all required electronics for fluorescence measurement, data viewing (LCD display) and processing, and is ideal for use in small clinics and point-of-care applications.
Liquid–liquid extraction of alkali cations by 18-crown-6: complexation and interface crossing studied by MD and PMF simulations
Authors: Benay Gael , Wipff Georges
Published: December 2015

The 18C6/M+Pic−complexes form and adsorb “right at the nano-interface” where 18C6 prefers the K+guest.
Facilely synthesized N-doped carbon quantum dots with high fluorescent yield for sensing Fe3+
Authors: Yu Jing , Xu Chunxiang , Tian Zhengshan , Lin Yi , Shi Zengliang
Published: December 2015

Schematic illustration of the preparation process for the NCQDs and their application for Fe3+ ions detection.
The core contribution of transmission electron microscopy to functional nanomaterials engineering
Authors: Carenco Sophie , Moldovan Simona , Roiban Lucian , Florea Ileana , Portehault David , Vallé Karine , Belleville Philippe , Boissière Cédric , Rozes Laurence , Mézailles Nicolas , Drillon Marc , Sanchez Clément , Ersen Ovidiu
Published: December 2015

Tomography and 3D chemical analysis of nanomaterials give unique insights on local features.
O-Acyl oximes: versatile building blocks for N-heterocycle formation in recent transition metal catalysis
Authors: Huang Huawen , Cai Jinhui , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: December 2015

This review is dedicated to showcase and discuss recent progress on N-heterocycle formation by transition-metal catalyzed annulation from O-acyl oximes.
Living cationic polymerization and polyhomologation: an ideal combination to synthesize functionalized polyethylene–polyisobutylene block copolymers
Authors: Zhang Hefeng , Banerjee Sanjib , Faust Rudolf , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: December 2015

A series of hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylene-b-polyethylene (PIB-b-PE-OH) copolymers were synthesized by combining living cationic polymerization and polyhomologation.
Azole-based compounds as antiamoebic agents: a perspective using theoretical calculations
Authors: Mushtaque Md. , Ahamad Shahzaib , Jahan Meriyam , Hussain Kakul , Khan Mohd Shahid
Published: December 2015

Diseases caused by protozoal organisms are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Amoebiasis caused byEntamoeba histolyticais an example of such diseases.
Self-humidifying membrane electrode assembly with dual cathode catalyst layer structure prepared by introducing polyvinyl alcohol into the inner layer
Authors: Liang Huagen , Xu Ruoyu , Chen Kaicheng , Shen Chenyang , Yin Shibin
Published: December 2015

Short-term constant voltage discharge test of the self-humidifying MEAs with different cathode structure at 60 °C and 30 psi under 20% RH.
Iron-containing platinum-based catalysts as cathode and anode materials for low-temperature acidic fuel cells: a review
Authors: Antolini Ermete
Published: December 2015

Positive effect of ordering on the specific activity for oxygen reduction of Pt–Fe (1 : 1) catalysts.
Novel visible-light-driven Fe2O3/Ag3VO4composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity toward organic pollutants degradation
Authors: Xu Yuanguo , Jing Liquan , Chen Xiao , Ji Haiyan , Xu Hui , Li Hongping , Li Huaming , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2015

Photoactivity of Ag3VO4can be enhanced by modification with Fe2O3. The electrochemical impedance of the composite being smaller than pure Ag3VO4may be one reason.
Cellulose as an efficient matrix for lipase and transaminase immobilization
Authors: de Souza Stefânia P. , Junior Ivaldo I. , Silva Guilherme M. A. , Miranda Leandro S. M. , Santiago Marcelo F. , Leung-Yuk Lam Frank , Dawood Ayad , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: December 2015

Continuous-flow biocatalysis using immobilized lipases and transaminases in order to synthesize chiral alcohols and amines respectively.
Polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework-derived hybrid electrocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Ji-Sen , Tang Yu-Jia , Liu Chun-Hui , Li Shun-Li , Li Run-Han , Dong Long-Zhang , Dai Zhi-Hui , Bao Jian-Chun , Lan Ya-Qian
Published: December 2015

Novel Fe3C/Mo2C-containing N, P co-doped graphitic carbon derived from POM@MOF-100 (Fe) has been synthesized for the first time. The nanomaterial shows an outstanding electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media.
Effects of laser fluence on silicon modification by four-beam laser interference
Authors: Zhao Le , Wang Zuobin , Zhang Jinjin , Yu Miao , Li Siwei , Li Dayou , Yue Yong
Published: December 2015

This paper discusses the effects of laser fluence on silicon modification by four-beam laser interference. In this work, four-beam laser interference was used to pattern single crystal silicon wafers for the fabrication of surface structures, and the number of laser pulses was applied to the process in air. By controlling the parameters of laser irradiation, different shapes of silicon structures were fabricated. The results were obtained with the single laser fluence of 354 mJ/cm2, 495 mJ/cm2, and 637 mJ/cm2, the pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, the laser exposure pulses of 30, 100, and 300, the laser wavelength of 1064 nm, and the pulse duration of 7–9 ns. The effects of the heat transfer and the radiation of laser interference plasma on silicon wafer surfaces were investigated. The equations of heat flow and radiation effects of laser plasma of interfering patterns in a four-beam laser interference distribution were proposed to describe their impacts on silicon wafer surfaces. The experimental results have shown that the laser fluence has to be properly selected for the fabrication of well-defined surface structures in a four-beam laser interference process. Laser interference patterns can directly fabricate different shape structures for their corresponding applications.
Effects of interface and bulk properties of gate-dielectric on the performance and stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors
Authors: Ando M. , Wakagi M. , Onisawa K.
Published: December 2015

In order to investigate the effects of interface and bulk properties of gate insulator on the threshold voltage (Vth) and the gate-bias induced instability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs), four kinds of TFT structures were fabricated with SiNx and SiOx insulators stacked to make different combinations of the bulk and interface in the gate-dielectric layers. It was found that the Vth and the stability are independently controlled by tuning stoichiometry and thickness of the SiOx insertion layer between a-Si:H and SiNx. In TFTs with SiOx insertion layer of 50 nm thickness, on increasing oxygen/silicon (O/Si = x) ratio from 1.7 to 1.9, Vth increased from 0 V to 9 V. In these TFTs with a relatively thick SiOx insertion layer, positive Vth shift with negative bias stress was observed, confirmed to be due to defect creation in a-Si:H with the thermalization barrier energy of 0.83 eV. On reducing the thickness of the SiOx insertion layer down to approximately 1 nm, thin enough for hole injection through SiOx by tunneling effect, stable operation was obtained while keeping the high Vth value under negative stress bias. These results are consistently explained as follows: (1) the high value for Vth is caused by the dipole generated at the interface between a-Si:H and SiOx; and (2) two causes for Vth shift, charge injection to the gate insulator and defect creation in a-Si:H, are mutually related to each other through the “effective bias stress,” Vbseff = Vbs – ΔVfb (Vbs: applied bias stress and ΔVfb: flat band voltage shift due to the charge injection). It was experimentally confirmed that there should be an optimum thickness of SiOx insertion layer of approximately 1 nm with stable high Vth, where enhanced injection increases ΔVfb, reduces Vbseff to reduce defect creation, and totally minimizes Vth shift.
Energetic nanocomposites for detonation initiation in high explosives without primary explosives
Authors: Comet Marc , Martin Cédric , Klaumünzer Martin , Schnell Fabien , Spitzer Denis
Published: December 2015

The mixing of aluminum nanoparticles with a metal containing oxidizer (here, WO3 or Bi2(SO4)3) gives reactive materials called nanothermites. In this research, nanothermites were combined with high explosive nanoparticles (RDX) to prepare energetic nanocomposites. These smart nanomaterials have higher performances and are much less hazardous than primary explosives. Their flame propagation velocity can be tuned from 0.2 to 3.5 km/s, through their explosive content. They were used to initiate the detonation of a high explosive, the pentaerythritol tetranitrate. The pyrotechnic transduction of combustion into detonation was achieved with short length systems (<2 cm) and small amounts of energetic nanocomposites (∼100 mg) in semi-confined systems.
MoS2 thin films as electrically tunable materials for microwave applications
Authors: Dragoman Mircea , Cismaru Alina , Aldrigo Martino , Radoi Antonio , Dinescu Adrian , Dragoman Daniela
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we show that a MoS2 thin film formed from a mixture of pristine MoS2 monolayers and few-layer flakes deposited on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is acting as an electrically tunable microwave material. In this respect, we have seen that up to 30 GHz, the transmission and reflection parameters of the CPW depend on the applied voltage. We have extracted from the measurements an equivalent circuit and have observed that the surface resistance is dependent on the DC applied voltage, as in the case of other two-dimensional materials such as graphene. So, the device is acting as a tunable matching network via an applied DC voltage.
P-type conductivity in annealed strontium titanate
Authors: Poole Violet M. , Corolewski Caleb D. , McCluskey Matthew D.
Published: December 2015

Hall-effect measurements indicate p-type conductivity in bulk, single-crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO3, or STO) samples that were annealed at 1200°C. Room-temperature mobilities above 100 cm2/V s were measured, an order of magnitude higher than those for electrons (5-10 cm2/V s). Average hole densities were in the 109-1010 cm−3 range, consistent with a deep acceptor.
Effect of inbreeding depression on bull sperm quality and field fertility
Authors: Dorado Jesús , Cid Rosa Morales , Molina Antonio , Hidalgo Manuel , Ariza Julia , Moreno-Millán Miguel , Demyda-Peyrás Sebastián
Published: December 2015

The present study investigated the effect of inbreeding depression on sperm quality using automated and objective methods and subsequent effects on beef bull field fertility. Individual inbreeding coefficient (F) values and field fertility data were determined using a dataset of AI bulls belonging to the Spanish Retinta Breeders Association (Asociación Nacional de Criadores de Ganado Vacuno Selecto de Raza Retinta (ANCRE)). Animals were clustered in two groups according to the F values as follows: (1) a high inbreeding group (HI; F ≥ 13.5%, mean 16.3); and (2) a non-inbreeding group (NI; F = 0%). In total, 17 different assessments were performed in both experimental groups, including evaluation of sperm morphology, acrosomal and DNA status, sperm plasma membrane integrity and function (hypo-osmotic swelling test), 10 kinetic parameters and the structure of sperm subpopulations. Sperm morphology, acrosomal and DNA status and osmotic tolerance were similar in both groups. Three velocity parameters (curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity and average path velocity) and the amplitude of lateral head displacement were higher in HI (P < 0.05). Cluster analysis of kinematic parameters revealed three different sperm subpopulations (sP1, sP2 and sP3), with the proportion of the sP1 population (highly active but non-progressive spermatozoa) being significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the HI group. Field fertility was assessed using two calving record datasets. In a smaller database including only bulls evaluated in the present study, there was a significant increase in the calving interval of cows sired with HI bulls. Conversely, in an extended genetic analysis of the ANCRE database, inbreeding only explained a small part of the variation in calving interval, and the results of regression analysis were not significant among bulls. The findings of the present study suggest that high inbreeding levels have a moderate effect on bull semen quality, with an increased percentage of highly active but non-progressive spermatozoa, but only when F values reached a certain threshold. This motility pattern could explain, in part, the higher calving interval produced by inbred bulls under field conditions.
Split voices in political discourse
Authors: Săftoiu Răzvan
Published: December 2015

In this paper, I consider dialogue in Parliament as central, because it is the dialogic instances that bring to the fore the multivocality of political discourse, and I will show there are “other voices [speaking] through the speaking voice” (Ionescu-Ruxăndoiu 2012, 152). I also start from the premise that, although restrictive and context dependent, in political discourse one may identify instances of the self. Politicians exploit language use with the purpose of creating emotions in their audience and their aim is to influence public opinion, to make voters think he/ she is “the right man at the right time”. Using extracts from the speeches delivered by a controversial Romanian politician, Corneliu Vadim Tudor, I will dwell upon the active management of voices in discourse as well as on projection of self into discourse with a view to discussing them as strategies used to construct a politician’s professional identity.
High-beta, steady-state hybrid scenario on DIII-D
Authors: Petty C.C. , Kinsey J.E. , Holcomb C.T. , DeBoo J.C. , Doyle E.J. , Ferron J.R. , Garofalo A.M. , Hyatt A.W. , Jackson G.L. , Luce T.C. , Murakami M. , Politzer P.A. , Reimerdes H.
Published: December 2015

The potential of the hybrid scenario (first developed as an advanced inductive scenario for high fluence) as a regime for high-beta, steady-state plasmas is demonstrated on the DIII-D tokamak. These experiments show that the beneficial characteristics of hybrids, namely safety factor  ⩾1 with low central magnetic shear, high stability limits and excellent confinement, are maintained when strong central current drive (electron cyclotron and neutral beam) is applied to increase the calculated non-inductive fraction to  ≈100% (≈50% bootstrap current). The best discharges achieve normalized beta of 3.4, IPB98(y,2) confinement factor of 1.4, surface loop voltage of 0.01 V, and nearly equal electron and ion temperatures at low collisionality. A 0D physics model shows that steady-state hybrid operation with Q
fus ~ 5 is feasible in FDF and ITER. The advantage of the hybrid scenario as an advanced tokamak regime is that the external current drive can be deposited near the plasma axis where the efficiency is high; additionally, good alignment between the current drive and plasma current profiles is not necessary as the poloidal magnetic flux pumping self-organizes the current density profile in hybrids with an

tearing mode.
Geodesic acoustic mode investigation in the spherical Globus-M tokamak using multi-diagnostic approach
Authors: Bulanin V.V. , Gusev V.K. , Iblyaminova A.D. , Khromov N.A. , Kurskiev G.S. , Minaev V.B. , Patrov M.I. , Petrov A.V. , Petrov Yu.V. , Sakharov N.V. , Shchegolev P.B. , Tolstyakov S.Yu. , Varfolomeev V.I. , Wagner F. , Yashin Yu.
Published: December 2015

The results of a multi-diagnostic approach for geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) studies in the spherical torus Globus-M are presented. The GAM oscillations of radial electric field, plasma density and magnetic field were simultaneously observed. The spatial structures of crucial plasma parameters are exhibited and discussed. The intermittent character of the GAM manifests itself as a modulation at two time-scales: equilibrium time scale and the characteristic time for limit-cycle oscillations. The mutual influence of GAM oscillations and turbulence is demonstrated by bicoherence analysis.
Integrating, summarizing and visualizing GWAS-hits and human diversity with DANCE (Disease-ANCEstry networks)
Authors: Araújo Gilderlanio S. , Lima Lucas Henrique C. , Schneider Silvana , Leal Thiago P. , da Silva Ana Paula C. , Vaz de Melo Pedro O. S. , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo , Scliar Marília O. , Rodrigues Maíra R.
Published: December 2015

Motivation: The 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) and thousands of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) performed during the last years have generated an enormous amount of information that needs to be integrated to better understand the genetic architecture of complex diseases in different populations. This integration is important in areas such as genetics, epidemiology, anthropology, as well as admixture mapping design and GWAS-replications. Network-based approaches that explore the genetic bases of human diseases and traits have not yet incorporated information on genetic diversity among human populations.

Results: We propose Disease-ANCEstry networks (DANCE), a graph-based web tool that allows to integrate and visualize information on human complex phenotypes and their GWAS-hits, as well as their risk allele frequencies in different populations. DANCE provides an interactive way to explore the human SNP–Disease Network and its projection, a Disease–Disease Network. With these functionalities, DANCE fills a gap in our ability to handle and understand the knowledge generated by GWAS and 1KGP. We provide a number of case studies that show how DANCE can be used to explore the relationships between human complex diseases, their genetic bases and variability in different human populations.

Availability and implementation: DANCE is freely available at http://ldgh.com.br/dance/. We recommend using DANCE with Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Chrome or Internet Explorer (v9 or v10).

Contact: gilderlanio@gmail.com or maira.r.rodrigues@gmail.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identifying environmental factors associated with the genetic structure of the New Zealand scallop: linking seascape genetics and ecophysiological tolerance
Authors: Silva Catarina N. S. , Gardner Jonathan P. A.
Published: December 2015

Understanding the processes responsible for shaping the spatial genetic patterns of species is critical for predicting evolutionary dynamics and defining significant evolutionary and/or management units. Here, we investigated the potential role of environmental factors in shaping the genetic structure of the endemic New Zealand scallop Pecten novaezelandiae using a seascape genetics approach. For this, we assayed genetic variation at 12 microsatellite markers in 952 individuals collected from 14 sites throughout New Zealand, and used data for 9 site-specific environmental variables (3 geospatial and 6 environmental variables). Our results indicate that a combination of environmental factors may be contributing to the observed patterns of genetic differentiation, but in particular, freshwater discharge and suspended particulate matter concentration were identified as being important. Environmental variation in these parameters may be acting as a barrier to gene flow. In terms of their ecophysiology, scallops are not particularly tolerant of high concentrations of either freshwater input or suspended sediment, making the identification of an association between these environmental variables and genetic variation particularly relevant across the full distributional range of this species. Although geographic distance between populations was also an important variable explaining the genetic variation among populations, it appears that levels of genetic differentiation are not a simple function of interpopulation distance. This study has identified previously unknown environmental factors that may be acting on the genetic structure of the New Zealand scallop and highlights the utility of seascape genetic studies to better understand the processes shaping the genetic structure of organisms.
Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine
Authors: Johnson Chris , Anderson Sarah R. , Dallimore Jon , Imray Chris , Winser Shane , Moore James , Warrell David
Published: December 2015

Revised for its second edition to include the latest national and international guidelines, the Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine enables efficient preparation and planning before the journey, advises on camp logistics, risk management, and medical problems during the trip, as well as highlighting rare but important risks to those visiting remote areas. Focusing on preventative measures, it also contains chapters dealing with crisis management, emergency care, and evacuation from challenging environments. Now containing more guidance about the obligations of a clinician joining an expedition, and the ethical approach to such work, it also provides an increased emphasis on medicine in various extreme environments. With revised and additional illustrations, more colour plates, and an increased use of important algorithms, it has been updated with the support of the Royal Geographical Society, and incorporates the combined knowledge and experience of a team of experienced clinicians and expeditioners.
Ethics and responsibilities
Authors: Winser Shane , Moore James , Bond Jim , Harris Rebecca , Hughes Amy , Moore James , Lewis Nick
Published: December 2015

Ethics of expeditions - Clinical competence - Care of local staff - Interacting with local communities - Working with other expeditions - Environmental impact - Assessing an expedition’s environmental footprint - Working with the media - Disaster medicine
Emergencies: trauma
Authors: Dallimore Jon , Albert Edi , Briggs Spike , Dallimore Jon , Dhillon Sundeep , Hearns Stephen , Lockey David , Thompson Julian
Published: December 2015

Initial response to an incident - Triage - Assessment of a casualty - Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Neck and other spinal injuries - Disability - Exposure and environmental control - Secondary survey - Continuing care - Blast injuries - Lightning
Plants and fungi
Authors: Warrell David A.
Published: December 2015

Dangers of living off the land - Effects of contact with skin - Effects of ingestion - Fungal poisoning - Treating plant and fungal ingestion
Anaesthesia in remote locations
Authors: Craven Rachael , Silsby Joe
Published: December 2015

Introduction to field anaesthesia - When to give an anaesthetic - Know your limits - Local infiltration anaesthesia - Peripheral nerve blocks - Spinal anaesthesia - Ketamine anaesthesia - Sedation - Suggested minimum equipment and drugs for field anaesthesia
Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with social cognition across development
Authors: Germine Laura , Robinson Elise B , Smoller Jordan W , Calkins Monica E , Moore Tyler M , Hakonarson Hakon , Daly Mark J , Lee Phil H , Holmes Avram J , Buckner Randy L , Gur Ruben C , Gur Raquel E
Published: December 2015

Breakthroughs in genomics have begun to unravel the genetic architecture of schizophrenia risk, providing methods for quantifying schizophrenia polygenic risk based on common genetic variants. Our objective in the current study was to understand the relationship between schizophrenia genetic risk variants and neurocognitive development in healthy individuals. We first used combined genomic and neurocognitive data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC; 4303 participants ages 8 - 21 years) to screen 26 neurocognitive phenotypes for their association with schizophrenia polygenic risk. Schizophrenia polygenic risk was estimated for each participant based on summary statistics from the most recent schizophrenia genome-wide association analysis (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2014). After correction for multiple comparisons, greater schizophrenia polygenic risk was significantly associated with reduced speed of emotion identification and verbal reasoning. These associations were significant by age 9 and there was no evidence of interaction between schizophrenia polygenic risk and age on neurocognitive performance. We then looked at the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed in the Harvard / MGH Brain Genomics Superstruct Project sample (GSP; 695 participants age 18-35 years), where we replicated the association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and emotion identification speed. These analyses provide evidence for a replicable association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia and specific aspects of neurocognitive performance. Our findings indicate that individual differences in genetic risk for schizophrenia are linked with the development of social cognition and potentially verbal reasoning, and that these associations emerge relatively early in development.
On the relation between face and object recognition in developmental prosopagnosia: Systematic association but no dissociation
Authors: Gerlach Christian , Klargaard Solja K. , Starrfelt Randi
Published: December 2015

There is an ongoing debate about whether face recognition and object recognition constitute separate domains. Clarification of this issue can have important theoretical implications as face recognition is often used as a prime example of domain-specificity in mind and brain. An important source of input to this debate comes from studies of individuals with developmental prosopagnosia, suggesting that face recognition can be selectively impaired. We put the selectivity-hypothesis to test by assessing the performance of 10 subjects with developmental prosopagnosia on demanding tests of visual object processing involving both regular and degraded drawings. None of the individuals exhibited a dissociation between face and object recognition, and as a group they were significantly more affected by degradation of objects than control participants. Importantly, we also find positive correlations between the severity of the face recognition impairment and the degree of impaired performance with degraded objects. This suggests that the face and object deficits are systematically related rather than coincidental. We conclude that at present, there is no strong evidence in the literature on developmental prosopagnosia supporting domain-specific accounts of face recognition.
An evolutionary hourglass of herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses inNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Durrant Matthew , Boyer Justin , Baldwin Ian T. , Xu Shuqing
Published: December 2015

Herbivore induced defences are robust, evolve rapidly and activated in plants when specific elicitors, frequently found in the herbivores’ oral secretions (OS) are introduced into wounds during attack. How these complex induced defences evolve remains unclear. Here, we show that herbivore-induced transcriptomic responses in a wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, display an evolutionary hourglass: the pattern that characterises the transcriptomic evolution of embryogenesis in animals, plants, and fungi. While relatively young and rapidly evolving genes involved in signal perception and processing to regulate defence metabolite biosynthesis are recruited both early (1 h) and late (9-21 h) in the defence elicitation process, a group of highly conserved and older genes involved in transcriptomic regulation are activated in the middle stage (5 h). The appearance of the evolutionary hourglass architecture in both developmental and defence elicitation processes may reflect the importance of robustness and evolvability in the signalling of these important biological processes.
Recent progresses in bus-ducts design
Authors: Faiz J. , Ehya H. , Takbash A.M. , Shojaee S. , Hamidian M. , Ghorbani A.
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– Electrical energy distribution systems must be low losses systems in order to enhance the system efficiency. Therefore, it is preferred to distribute electrical energy by bus-ducts in the place of cables over all energy levels and decrease the losses. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a comprehensive survey of various aspects of bus-ducts design including electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal. Advantages and disadvantages of different available design techniques are reviewed.

Design/methodology/approach

– Different works on various bus-based power transmission and distribution systems are reviewed. Generally these are done in three categories including systems modeling methods, heat transfer in the systems, short circuit and electromagnetic force. The attempt is made to provide geometrical and materials specifications in order to present the analyzed system well.

Findings

– Different types of bus-ducts from used materials, voltage level and insulation types are reviewed. Bus-duct modeling techniques are introduced which can be easily applied for bus-ducts design. Electromagnetic field distribution, thermal pattern inside and outside of the bus-duct in normal and short circuit modes and finally mechanical considerations are dominant factors which must be taken into account in the bus-ducts design. This leads to an optimal design of bus-ducts which prolong the life span of the bus-ducts fixed in the installations.

Originality/value

– This paper for the first time systematically reviews the latest state of arts in the design of bus-ducts for efficient electrical energy distribution. It summarizes a variety of design techniques applicable to bus-ducts design.
Shaping inductor geometry for casting functionally graded composites
Authors: Golak Slawomir , Kordos Mirosław
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The attractiveness of functionally graded composites lies in the possibility of a gradual spatial change of their properties such as hardness, strength and wear resistance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of electromagnetic buoyancy to separate the reinforcement particles during the casting process of such a composite.

Design/methodology/approach

– The basic problem encountered in the process of casting composites is to obtain electromagnetic buoyancy and simultaneously to avoid a flow of the liquid metal which destroys the desired composite structure. In this paper the authors present the methodology of numerical optimization of inductor geometry in order to homogenize the electromagnetic force field distribution.

Findings

– The optimization method based on searching the solution subspace created by applying knowledge of the modelled process physics proved better than the universal local optimization methods. These results were probably caused by the complex shape of the criterion function hypersurface characterized by the presence of local minima.

Practical implications

– Due to their characteristics, functionally graded composites are of great interest to the automotive, aerospace and defense industries. In the case of metal matrix composites casting techniques (as the presented one) are the most effective methods of producing functionally graded materials.

Originality/value

– The paper presents the optimization of a new process of casting functionally graded composites in a low-frequency alternating electromagnetic field. The process involves problems that did not occur previously in the area of electromagnetic processing of materials. The paper proposes the use of special design of inductors to homogenize the electromagnetic force field.
Joint power control and beamforming in MIMO relays
Authors: Shirvani Moghaddam Shahriar , Alibeigi Maryam
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– In this paper, a wireless network consisting of multiple source-destination pairs, which communicate peer-to-peer with the help of multiple Amplify-and-Forward relays is considered. The purpose of this paper is to minimize the total relay transmit power subject to a sum rate threshold.

Design/methodology/approach

– It is shown that finding a beamforming matrix which satisfies the investigation’s goal is a non-convex optimization problem. Therefore, a semidefinite relaxation technique is used to turn it into a semidefinite programming problem. Thus, it can be effectively solved by interior point methods.

Findings

– Simulation results show that the total relay transmit power decreases with the number of relays. In addition, it is shown that relays’ power consumption decreases when the quality of uplink and/or downlink channels improves. In order to compare the proposed optimization algorithm to two conventional approaches, energy efficiency criterion used for performance comparison and complexity order for evaluating computational complexity. Although the proposed algorithm does not change the order of complexity, it needs a few more iterations to find the best result which leads to a double the processing time compared to existing approaches.

Originality/value

– In the present optimization problem, coefficient ß is used instead of a constant factor 2 in the original optimization problem. It is shown that by changing parameter ß between 1 and 2, a lower power consumption for a target sum rate can be achieved.
Semi-analytical determination of inductances in windings with axial and azimuthal wires
Authors: Dumont de Chassart Corentin , Van Beneden Maxence , Kluyskens Virginie , Dehez Bruno
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– Optimizing an electromechanical device often requires a significant number of evaluations of the winding inductance. In order to reduce drastically the computing costs associated with the calculation of inductances, the purpose of this paper is to propose a semi-analytical toolbox to calculate inductances in any winding made of axial and azimuthal wires and lying in the air.

Design/methodology/approach

– First, this paper presents a typical rectangular, spiral winding and the way its geometry is approximated for inductance calculations. Second, the basic formulas to calculate inductances of various windings arrangements are provided. The analytical model of the inductances is exposed, and the formulas for the inductances are derived. Finally, a validation is proposed by comparing analytical predictions to 3D FE simulations results and experimental measurements.

Findings

– The semi-analytical predictions agree with the finite element methods (FEM) and experimental data. Furthermore, the calculation of the inductances was done using much fewer resources with the semi-analytical model than with FEM.

Research limitations/implications

– The analytical formula for the mutual inductance between coaxial circular arcs is a series with an infinite number of terms which should be truncated appropriately. This is necessary because the term are found using a recurrence formula which may be unstable for a high number of terms.

Practical implications

– The paper includes implications for the optimization of electromechanical devices comprising windings made of axial and azimuthal pieces of wires.

Originality/value

– The main original result resides in the analytical expression of Neumann’s integral for the inductance between two coaxial circular arcs.
Double-diffusive natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet with magnetic field
Authors: Akbar Noreen , Khan z , Nadeem S , khan W
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper, is to study the MHD double-diffusive natural convection of a nanofluid over a linearly stretching sheet using the Buongiorno model.

Design/methodology/approach

– The transport equations are transformed into coupled similarity equations. The numerical self-similar solutions are compared with the literature for the special case of pure fluid flow and found to be in good agreement. Graphical results are presented to illustrate the effects of various fluid flow, heat transfer and nano concentration parameters for both assisting and opposing flows.

Findings

– It is found that the heat transfer rate increases as nanoparticles and salt are suspended in water. It is also found that dual solutions exist for the stretching parameter.

Originality/value

– First paper on this model for stretching sheet.
Modelling and simulation of heat conduction in 1-D polar spherical coordinates using control volume-based finite difference method
Authors: Diószegi Attila , Diószegi Éva , Tóth Judit , Svidró József Tamás
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to obtain a finite difference method (FDM) solution using control volume for heat transport by conduction and the heat absorption by the enthalpy model in the sand mixture used in casting manufacturing processes. A mixture of sand and different chemicals (binders) is used as moulding materials in the casting processes. The presence of various compounds in the system improve the complexity of the heat transport due to the heat absorption as the binders are decomposing and transformed into gaseous products due to significant heat shock.

Design/methodology/approach

– The geometrical domain were defined in a 1D polar coordinate system and adapted for numerical simulation according to the control volume-based FDM. The simulation results were validated by comparison to the temperature measurements under laboratory conditions as the sand mould mixture was heated by interacting with a liquid alloy.

Findings

– Results of validation and simulation methods were about high correspondence, the numerical method presented in this paper is accurate and has significant potential in the simulation of casting processes.

Originality/value

– Both numerical solution (definition of geometrical domain in 1D polar coordinate system) and verification method presented in this paper are state-of-the-art in their kinds and present high scientific value especially regarding to the topic of numerical modelling of heat flow and foundry technology.
Numerical simulation of the stagnation point flow past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with convective boundary condition and heat generation
Authors: Rosca Alin V. , Rosca Natalia C. , Pop Ioan
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is the stagnation-point flow driven by a permeable stretching/shrinking surface with convective boundary condition and heat generation.

Design/methodology/approach

– It is known that similarity solutions of the energy equation are possible for the boundary conditions of constant surface temperature and constant heat flux. However, for the present case it is demonstrated that a similarity solution is possible if the convective heat transfer associated with the hot fluid on the lower surface of the plate is constant.

Findings

– The governing boundary layer equations are transformed to self-similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Numerical results of the resulting equations are obtained using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. In addition an analytical solution has been obtained for the energy equation when heat generation is absent. The streamlines for the upper branch solution show that the pattern is almost similar to the normal stagnation-point flow, but because of the existence of suction and shrinking effect, the flow seems like suck to the permeable wall.

Originality/value

– Dual solutions are found for negative values of the moving parameter. A stability analysis has been also performed to show that the first upper branch solutions are stable and physically realizable, while the lower branch solutions are not stable and, therefore, not physically possible. The streamlines for the lower branch solution are also graphically shown.
Sponsorship and support
Authors: Czerniawska Fiona , Guzman Sandra
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– This viewpoint looks at what can be done to increase the numbers of women in consulting firms.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors interviewed almost 40 senior people in leading consulting firms around the world.

Findings

– Many factors have a bearing on whether women become partners, but our research highlights how important sponsorship is in particular.

Originality/value

– This viewpoint suggests there is more to mentoring and it can be particularly helpful for women trying to make partner in consulting firms.
Examining the influence of teachers
'
beliefs towards technology integration in classroom
Authors: Salleh Sallimah
Published: December 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the direct and indirect factors of the elaborated theory of planned behaviour (TPB) relate to teachers’ intentions and use of technology in teaching.

Design/methodology/approach

– The current study attempted to provide an understanding of teachers’ beliefs and intentions to use technology in teaching, and their influence on behaviours by applying and elaborating Ajzen’s TPB, a widely applied model for investigating social behaviour.

Findings

– The elaborated TPB model was found to be a marginally fitting model in predicting and explaining intention and behaviour. The model explained only 17 per cent of variance in intention and 13 per cent in use of technology. Teacher’s use of technology in teaching was predicted by intention and perceived behavioural control (PBC); and intention was predicted by attitude towards the technology and PBC. Subjective norms made weak prediction on intention. The TPB model of direct factors explained 25 per cent of variance in intention and 16 per cent in use of technology.

Originality/value

– This study takes a theoretical modelling approach, based on a survey assessing psychological variables (such as teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions) to explain teachers’ technology use in the classroom. The theoretical approach of this study is new within studies of computer technology use, which have normally been limited to reporting user demographic characteristics and/or factors influencing its use among users. This study attempted to develop measurement models that might be replicated by other researchers interested in the influencing factors for teachers’ technology use in education.