bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Výzkumné pracoviště v oblasti sociologie mobility a psychologie dopravy
Authors: Schmeidler Karel
Published: October 2024

Vědeckovýzkumná pracoviště jsou v jednotlivých zemích Evropské unie rozdělena nerovnoměrně, což působí nepříznivě jak na lokální zaměstnanost akademiků a absolventů vysokých škol, tak i na jejich inovativní přínos pro místní průmysl a ekonomický potenciál jednotlivých regionů. Evropská unie proto  podporuje vznik a vývoj regionálních výzkumných center s cílem stimulovat konkurenceschopnost regionů v oblasti inovací a vědeckovýzkumných aktivit. Cílem projektu „Dopravní VaV centrum v Brně“ (dále Centrum) je vytvořit jedinečné výzkumné zázemí, které prostřednictvím svých laboratoří, vybavení a know-how bude poskytovat komplexní prostředí pro výzkum ve vybraných disciplínách dopravních aplikovaných věd a přispívat tak k optimálnímu rozvoji dopravního sektoru, nejen v daném regionu. Rozmanitost výzkumu Centra odpovídá potřebám a trendům současného dopravního výzkumu i potřebám praxe.
When I Say I’m from India, They Ask Me How to Get a Taxi
Authors: Slavková Markéta
Published: October 2024

This article explores the imaginations of life strategies and negotiations of the notion of the self among young transmigrants, predominantly of Indian origin, who migrated to Melbourne, Australia, on an overseas student visa. The goal of this article is to present dense and complex ethnographic observations of a particular set of imageries, based on which these transmigrants perceived their lives within the context of global migration. I provide the reader insight into who these people are, the imageries that led them on their migration journeys, how these imageries developed in the host country, the repercussions their decisions to migrate had in terms of their imaginations of themselves, and finally, how these transmigrants imagine, experience and negotiate notions of social cohesiveness across the borders of two or more different nation-states.
Beyond Dutch Borders
Authors: Doomernik Jeroen
Published: October 2024

Each categorization in population statistics has a bias. Some­times they deflate and sometimes they expand populations that merit public policy concern. This article discusses the political consequences of policy choices in that respect: notably by the example of Dutch population statistics and the representation of the “allochtoon.” The “allochtoon” (being of foreign origin) was a benevolent creation for it should facilitate monitoring the effects of integration policies. Part of these was easy naturalization. This meant the loss of “nationality” as a statistical marker. Including the migrants’ offspring furthermore rendered “immigrant” useless. However, creating the “allochtoon” also has had unexpected inflationary effects; notably in the public’s perception. First of all, this effect results from the inclusion of the second generation. Secondly: integration polices are exclusively aimed at “allochtonen” with a non-Western background, yet statistical reproduction usually includes all, i.e., also people of Western origin. This inflationary effect is exploited by populist political entrepreneurs hoping to stir concern about alienation in times of Europeanization. The threat of “the others” in the Netherlands is thus easily construed to be much larger than it would be possible if statistics were enumerated differently.
Jednorázová společnost?
Authors: Brunclíková Lenka , Sosna Daniel
Published: October 2024

Garbage is a considerable source of information that provides us with knowledge of not only what people consume, but also of how they dispose of the things they use. This paper focuses on the use of ethnography and garbology in order to identify the specific patterns of consumption in an urban area and shed light on the relationship between humans and waste. The chosen urban area is a neighbourhood called Vinice in Pilsen. The research questions focus on food wastage and on the identification of the conduits through which things flow away from households. The research was conducted at the landfill of municipal waste where the household waste was sorted, classified and described in detail. A modified method of quartering was applied for sampling. Over 1500 pieces of garbage, weighing more than 64 kg in total, were analysed. All data was recorded into a database in the field using a tablet. In order to complete the garbological data, an ethnographic survey was carried out in this area in the form of semi-structured interviews aimed at revealing the actors’ interpretation, classification of things and of garbage, and consumption practices. Although food wasting is perceived as unethical, it has become a habitual practice of everyday life. This practice is the result of consumers’ poor estimations of food consumption and their purchase of bargain-packages, as well as food-supplying strategies. Despite the considerable amount of potentially recyclable material that was mixed with solid waste, actors consider the recycling of waste as meaningful. Other ways of getting rid of things were also recognized, reflecting both the actors’ classification of things and their effort to eliminate the discarding of still-usable objects.
Impact of Age on Predictive Capabilities of Ferritin, Ferritin-Hemoglobin Ratio, IL-6, and sIL-2R for COVID-19 Severity and Mortality
Authors: Skakun Oleksii , Vandzhura Yaroslava , Vandzhura Ihor , Symchych Khrystyna , Symchych Anton
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to establish the impact of age on the predictive capability of ferritin, ferritin-hemoglobin ratio (FHR), IL-6, and sIL-2R in COVID-19 patients. Compared to patients with moderate condition, patients with severe condition had higher ferritin level (441.0 [188.0–829.8] ng/mL vs 281.0 [172.0–388.0] ng/mL, p = 0.002), sIL-2R level (6.0 [4.7–9.0] pg/mL vs 5.3 [3.7–6.9] pg/mL, p = 0.020), FHR (38.4 [15.1–63.4] vs 22.0 [12.1–32.1], p = 0.002). The area under the curves (AUC) for discriminative capabilities of the following biomarkers for severe condition were assessed in patients aged <65 years and patients aged ≥65 years: ferritin (AUC = 0.585, p = 0.309 vs AUC = 0.683, p = 0.002), FHR (AUC = 0.589, p = 0.302 vs AUC = 0.688, p = 0.002), IL-6 (AUC = 0.503, p = 0.972 vs AUC = 0.647, p = 0.019), and sIL-2R (AUC = 0.549, p = 0.552 vs AUC = 0.646, p = 0.017). Also AUCs for discriminative capabilities for in-hospital mortality were compared in patients aged <65 years and ≥65 years: ferritin (AUC = 0.607, p = 0.628 vs AUC = 0.661, p = 0.105), FHR (AUC = 0.612, p = 0.621 vs AUC = 0.688, p = 0.002), IL-6 (AUC = 0.580, p = 0.724 vs AUC = 0.695, p = 0.016), and sIL-2R (AUC = 0.620, p = 0.491 vs AUC = 0.695, p = 0.029). Thus, ferritin, FHR, IL-6, and sIL-2R didn’t show acceptable predictive value for severe condition and lethal outcome in patients aged <65 years but had high predictive value for lethal outcome in patients aged ≥65 years.
Real-time PCR Analysis of the Heat-Shock Response of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270
Authors: Xiao S. , Chao J. , Wang W. , Fang F. , Qiu G. , Liu Xueduan
Published: October 2024

As one of the most important bioleaching bacterial species, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is subjected to different kinds of environmental stress such as temperature changes, presence of some toxic heavy metals or pH changes, which normally take place in bioleaching operations and may affect the activity of the bacteria. To obtain further knowledge of the protective mechanisms employed by A. ferrooxidans in response to elevated growth temperature, temporal gene expression profiles were examined in cells subjected to heat stress by using real-time PCR. The majority of predicted genes, including those encoding chaperones and heat-shock proteins, were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05 and the fold change ≥ 2.0) over a 25-min period after upshift to the heatshock temperature (from 30 to 42 °C) and then decrease to readjust their transcript levels to a new steady state at 42 °C. Finally, based on the gene expression data and computational analysis, a putative regulatory site having T-T-T-T-T-T-n-n in the -35 region and n-T-A-T-n-A-T-C in the -10 region with average 19 base pairs separating the two elements was predicted upstream of a number of heat-inducible genes.
Accumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co) in the water, soil, and plants collected from Edayar Region, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
Authors: Asha Syamlal Chandni , D Sayantan
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment is a significant concern due to their potential toxicity and persistence. This study investigates the levels of heavy metal contamination in the water, soil, and plants of the Edayar region in Ernakulam, Kerala, India. The region has experienced industrialization and urbanization, leading to concerns about heavy metal pollution. The study aims to assess the concentrations of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) in water, soil, aquatic and terrestrial plants. Samples were collected from various locations within the Edayar region, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was conducted to quantify heavy metal concentrations. The findings of this study will contribute to the assessment of heavy metal pollution in the Edayar region. Plants with a high diversity index were taken for analysis from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Scoparia dulcis L. seems to specialize in metal accumulation, possibly for protective purposes. Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn demonstrates adaptability to metal-rich environments through robust metal uptake and tolerance mechanisms. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, on the other hand, appears to have developed mechanisms to manage heavy metal exposure. The results indicate significant levels of heavy metal contamination across all samples, with the highest concentrations detected in soil, followed by water and plants. Chromium and lead levels in soil exceeded the permissible limits set by international standards, posing potential risks to human health and the ecosystem. The accumulation patterns in plants varied, with higher bioaccumulation factors observed for zinc and copper, suggesting their preferential uptake. This study highlights the urgent need for remediation strategies and continuous monitoring to mitigate the impact of heavy metal pollution in the Edayar region. The results will help in understanding the environmental impact of human activities.
Biochemical and physiological effects of propagule type and auxin concentration on adventitious root formation in novel Jasmine genotypes
Authors: Keerthivasan R  , Ganga M  , Chitra R  , Vanitha K  , Sharmila Rahale C
Published: October 2024

Jasmine is primarily propagated through asexual methods, and bio-stimulants can improve soil fertility around plant roots. Some jasmine genotypes are mainly propagated through cuttings; however, the rooting process is slow and inconsistent. Specific jasmine genotypes are primarily propagated through cuttings, but the rooting process is slow and uneven. This study evaluated the regeneration potential of stem cuttings by investigating the effects of auxins and various propagule types on adventitious root formation, along with associated biochemical changes. A field experiment conducted by the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping at TNAU, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, from December 2023 to June 2024, during the winter monsoon, investigated the rooting of stem cuttings in three Jasminum genotypes using auxin. Stem cuttings of J. sambac Double Flower type (DF), J. grandiflorum White Flower type (WF) and a new cultivar of J. multiflorum CO.1 Winter Jasmine (CO.1 WJ) were treated with three Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5 g L-1) and distilled water as control. Utilizing a Factorial, Completely Randomized Design for terminal and semi-hardwood cuttings, the study found that rooting hormone significantly enhanced root formation and stem and shoot growth. Semi-hardwood cuttings of J. sambac (DF) treated with 1g L-1 IBA had the highest rooting rate (88.60%), number of roots (9.34), root length (12.74 cm), shoot length (10.26 cm) and number of leaves (6.60). The highest rooting rate of 48.15% was obtained from the terminal cuttings of J. grandiflorum (WF) that had been treated with 1g L-1 IBA, in addition to other parameters such as number of roots (13.52), root length (12.03 cm), shoot length (14.30 cm), and number of leaves (13.48). On the other hand, J. multiflorum (CO.1 WJ) recorded the highest rooting rate of 72.23%, root number of 16.52, root length of 17.22 cm, shoot length of 14.14 cm and number of leaves, which was pegged at 31.70 when terminal cuttings were treated with 1g L-1 IBA. The current findings indicate that the application of auxins is crucial for promoting early root initiation and achieving higher rooting success, making it advantageous for vegetative propagation.
Lecturer’s Perceptions on the English Writing Competency in a Public University: A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Sulaiman Fazillah , Bakar Erda Wati
Published: October 2024

This study has been conducted to find out the lecturers’ perceptions of the students’ writing competency  in a public university. The objective of the study is to explore the definition of a good piece of writing according to the lecturers and to know the strength and weakness of the  students. In this public university, in all Faculties, major assignments are completed through writing, therefore students have to express themselves clearly and efficiently through their writing. This is a qualitative study using Focus Group Discussion with a total number of eight lecturers representing four main Faculties at the main campus. The Faculties are Laws, Economics and Management Sciences, Engineering and Human Sciences. Based on the Focus Group Discussion, the lecturers considered ideas and content, organisation, grammar and  spelling as the three top important elements in writing. The lecturers considered the students as confident writers or ‘shameless’ writers which they believed is a significant element of being a good writer. The students have difficulties generating ideas. Thus, they will not be able to expand their writing further for their written assignments or projects. The lecturers added that lack of ideas is related to reading as well. Students who read more will be a better writer.
Unveiling the Underlying Factors and Ripple Effects of Electoral Violence in the Tamale Metropolis
Authors: Mohammed Siibaway , Majialuwe Eric Kojo , Titigah Gregory
Published: October 2024

This study reveals the underlying factors promoting electoral-related violence and its effects in the Tamale metropolis. The case study design guided the research, with a mixed-methods approach used for the data collection. Two hundred and fifty closed and open-ended questionnaires were administered to respondents, while five key informant in-depth interviews were conducted. Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and a thematic approach was used to analyse the qualitative data obtained from the study. It was revealed that electoral violence is engendered by multifaceted root causes, encompassing political, social, and economic dimensions. However, poverty was noted as the leading cause of electoral violence in the Tamale metropolis, representing 34.8%. The research found that election-related violence has significant effects on the socio-economic development of Tamale metropolis. These include the maiming of people, deaths, and destruction of public and private properties. These findings confirm the conceptual framework on which this study is anchored. Drawn from identity and interest-group theories, the conceptual framework posited that election-related violence leads to loss of lives, loss of property, harassment of citizens, displacement of citizens, disruption of public order, and maiming of citizens. It was further established that addressing the problem of electoral violence in the Tamale metropolis requires a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach that involves various stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society organisations, political parties, and the local community. Therefore, it is recommended that the government work in collaboration with non-governmental and civil society organisations and community stakeholders to address poverty among youth by creating employment opportunities. This has the potential and significant tendency to reduce the influence of politicians in inciting the youth to indulge in electoral violence-related activities.
Pde3a and Pde3b regulation of murine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell growth and metabolism
Authors: Krause Paulina N. , McGeorge Gabrielle , McPeek Jennifer L. , Khalid Sidra , Nelin Leif D. , Liu Yusen , Chen Bernadette
Published: October 2024

A role for metabolically active adipose tissue in pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis is emerging. Alterations in cellular metabolism in metabolic syndrome are triggers of PH‐related vascular dysfunction. Metabolic reprogramming in proliferative pulmonary vascular cells causes a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. PDE3A and PDE3B subtypes in the regulation of metabolism in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) are poorly understood. We previously found that PDE3A modulates the cellular energy sensor, AMPK, in human PASMC. We demonstrate that global Pde3a knockout mice have right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, elevated RV systolic pressures, and metabolic dysfunction with elevated serum free fatty acids (FFA). Therefore, we sought to delineate Pde3a/Pde3b regulation of metabolic pathways in PASMC. We found that PASMC Pde3a deficiency, and to a lesser extent Pde3b deficiency, downregulates AMPK, CREB and PPARγ, and upregulates pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase expression, suggesting decreased oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, siRNA Pde3a knockdown in adipocytes led to elevated FFA secretion. Furthermore, PASMC exposed to siPDE3A‐transfected adipocyte media led to decreased α‐SMA, AMPK and CREB phosphorylation, and greater viable cell numbers compared to controls under the same conditions. These data demonstrate that deficiencies of Pde3a and Pde3b alter pathways that affect cell growth and metabolism in PASMC.
Export of Cultural Property from Ukraine: State Policy and the Challenges of War
Authors: Yanov Dmytro
Published: October 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 inflicted severe damage on the country’s cultural heritage, triggering an upsurge in attempts to export cultural property across its borders. This paper deals with relevant issues related to the policy of Ukraine regarding the prevention of the export of cultural property abroad and the expertise of confiscated cultural property, as well as underscores the significance of enhancing state policy in this sphere in response to the challenges caused by Russian invasion. The notable increase in illegal attempts to export antiquities abroad requires a revision of the procedure for appointing and conducting the expertise of confiscated objects. This primarily applies to excessively prolonged periods of expertise, the lack of uniform rules applicable to all art experts regardless of their affiliations, and the ambiguous criteria defining “cultural property” in Ukrainian legislation. The paper proposes measures to resolve these difficulties, including introducing preliminary expertise at customs control, unifying the requirements for experts’ conclusions, and clarifying definitions in legislation.
Novel dynamics of the fractional KFG equation through the unified and unified solver schemes with stability and multistability analysis
Authors: Alam Noor , Ullah Mohammad Safi , Nofal Taher A. , Ahmed Hamdy M. , Ahmed Karim K. , AL-Nahhas Mahmoud A.
Published: October 2024

The nonlinear fractional Klein–Fock–Gordon (KFG) equation represents an advanced theoretical physics and applied mathematical tool that provides a more extraordinary framework for studying fields with complex and non-standard behaviors. Here, we aim to delve into the new wave profiles of this fractional KGF equation. Initially, this system is successfully converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) with the help of wave conversion, and the ODE is solved through the unified and unified solver techniques for the first time. In addition, the 3D and 2D plots of these solutions are drawn using a mathematical software package for different parameters with different values. Therefore, some unique waveforms can be found in these solutions. Moreover, stability and multistability analyses are prepared and shown graphically to confirm the converging limitations of appropriate parameters. This work will be practiced more effectively in future research on nonlinear partial differential models.
The attributions of public policies in the educational system for the prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents
Authors: SOUZA Ismael Francisco de , MAGALHÃES D. K. O.
Published: October 2024

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a problem whose scars can last a lifetime. In this sense, the general objective of the research is to analyze the attributions of public policies in the educational system for the prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents based on the existing guidelines in the BNCC regarding sexuality in schools. With this overall purpose, specific objectives were developed in the subdivisions of the research work: to verify the right to education for children and adolescents in Brazil; to contextualize how the BNCC addresses the theme of sexuality in schools and to demonstrate the role of the educational system in promoting rights to confront sexual violence against children and adolescents. The research question guiding the study is: given the existing guidelines in the BNCC (National Common Curricular Base) regarding sexuality in schools, what are the attributions of public policies in the educational system for the prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents? The deductive approach is used as the method of analysis, with the monographic procedure as the method of investigation, while the bibliographic technique is employed for research. It is evident that the educational system, through schools, acts as an important instrument for public policies to confront various violations of rights occurring during childhood.
Elevate The Employee Performance: Interplay of Job Satisfaction as Moderating on Transformational Leadership Style and Work Environment
Authors: Zulher  , Suarni Norawati  , Fadlan Effendi  , Citrawati Jatiningrum
Published: October 2024

This study meticulously examines the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between transformational leadership, work environment, and employee performance in civil service police units members of Kampar Regency. The research method employs the SEM-PLS approach to provide better triangulation and elaboration of cases. Data is collected through surveys and follow-up interviews with civil service police officers in Kampar Regency as respondents. The findings reveal that transformational leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee performance, while the work environment has no significant effect. Transformational leadership style significantly influences performance through job satisfaction as a mediator. However, the work environment has no significant effect on performance through job satisfaction. These results highlight that leadership style and job satisfaction undeniably influence employee performance, but their effectiveness depends on various situational and contextual factors in civil service police units as public service agencies.
The Contribution of Community Informatics in Rural Communities to Development
Authors: Kirya Kenneth Erickson , Lutaaya Clement Nabutto
Published: October 2024

Community informatics (CI) is a generic term used to refer to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) deployed in communities to meet community needs, simplify day-to-day tasks, close digital divides, among other benefits. In practice, it is about the use of information and ICTs in community development efforts to enable and empower community processes so as to achieve community social, economic, cultural and political goals. On the other hand, community development is the promotion of participative democracy, sustainable development, human rights, economic opportunity, equality and social justice, through the organization, education and empowerment of people within their communities. This paper established the contribution of community informatics to the development of rural communities with reference to Kaliro district as a case study area. Using participative case study design and mixed methods research approach, responses from 173 CI users and 33 district workers engaged through questionnaire survey and interviews respectively were analyzed and results were presented quantitatively in tables and qualitatively under themes for interpretation.
The study found out that CI contributed significantly to the district's social, economic, cultural, and political development. Towards social development, the CI promoted social connection and networking, ensured quick information flow, and fostered knowledge sharing. Towards economic development, they promoted trade and business, business and economic awareness, efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery, reduction in operational costs, job creation, income generation, and fostered new CI developments for businesses. Towards cultural development, they exported culture, promoted cultural awareness, tourism, and reinforced cultural freedom among the people of Kaliro district. In terms of political development, they had promoted government programs, human rights, provided government information, enabled civic education, eased follow-up on political developments, and fostered political stability in the district. Study findings showed that communities leverage CI and its infrastructure to keep up with information about government programs, health, environment, education, personal development, economic living, empowerment, and democracy, among others in a sense that triggers development. However, there is a general literature gap owing to the novelty of CI concept and the dearth in review evidence pointing out the contribution of CI to development of communities. 
Keywords: Community informatics; Community development; ICT4D; Kaliro district.
Towards Desirable Futures
Authors: Foth Marcus
Published: October 2024

The 20th anniversary of The Journal of Community Informatics signifies a milestone in the evolution of community informatics (CI) as a field dedicated to empowering communities through the strategic use of information and communication technology (ICT). This article offers some personal reflections on the origins and evolution of CI, tracing its roots to seminal works by scholars such as Michael Gurstein. It also tells the story of how urban informatics was inspired by CI as a distinct field of scholarship to study the interplay between people, place, and technology in urban environments. Building on this foundation, the present challenges and opportunities facing CI are explored, including issues of digital inclusion, ethical implications of emerging technologies, and the transformative potential of ICTs for social change. Looking ahead, the article envisions desirable futures for CI grounded in a life-centred approach that acknowledges the interconnectedness of humans and non-humans within larger ecological systems. Embracing a more-than-human paradigm, CI is uniquely positioned to advocate for ecological justice, amplify the voices of marginalised human and non-human communities, and foster collaboration between humans and the environment to create and protect resilient and sustainable habitat for life on this planet. Through these efforts, CI can contribute to a more just, equitable, and sustainable future for all living beings, averting the planetary ecocide that threatens our shared existence.
THE USE OF BENZENE OXIDATION PRODUCT AS A COMPONENT OF AN INHIBITORY ADDITIVE FOR PARAFFINIC AND HIGHLY PARAFFINIC PETROLEUM
Authors: LESHCHIK A.V. , PROZOROVA I.V. , RYABOV A.YU. , OCHERED'KO A.N. , YUDINA N.V. , KUDRYASHOV S.V.
Published: October 2024

Results of the application of benzene oxidation product (BOP), formed in barrier discharge, as an improving component of the inhibiting additive for paraffinic and highly paraffinic petroleum are presented. The proposed additive consists of a copolymer of alkyl acrylates with dodecylamine acrylate and BOP at a ratio of 15:1 wt. %. Benzene oxidation by air in a barrier discharge proceeds predominantly to phenol (~77.3 wt. %), diatomic phenols, and an insignificant amount of macromolecular compounds. The effect of the additive (in combination with BOP) in the amount of 0.03-0.05 wt. was evaluated relying on changes in the rheological characteristics and freezing point of paraffinic and highly paraffinic petroleum with a high content of resins and asphaltene components. The composition containing polymer and BOP additionally reduces the amount of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits by 1.5-2.5 g, which gives an increase in inhibitory capacity by 10-12 %. The depression of the freezing point of petroleum is 46 °С on average. The dynamic viscosity of petroleum under study decreases in the presence of the additive by a factor of 2.2 on average.
COMPOSITION OF THERMAL CRACKING PRODUCTS OF SARA FRACTIONS FROM HEAVY METHANE CRUDE OIL
Authors: PEVNEVA G.S. , VORONETSKAYA N.G.
Published: October 2024

Changes in the composition of SARA fractions (Saturated, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes) of methane crude oil from the Zyuzeevo oilfield (the Republic of Tatarstan) during thermal cracking are investigated. Cracking was carried out at 450 °C for 120 min in the isothermal mode. The data on mass balance, the composition of liquid and gaseous products of cracking were obtained. It is shown that the composition of hydrocarbons in liquid products and the yield of gaseous and solid by-products depend on the composition of initial SARA fractions. Thus, the yield of solids is maximal from asphaltene fraction cracking, while the largest amount of gases are formed from resin fraction cracking. It has been established that cracking of SARA fractions involves the formation of new components that were absent in the initial feedstock. It is shown that the structural features of initial resin and asphaltene molecules affect the content and composition of their cracking products.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE DYNAMICS OF THERMAL CONVERSION OF METHANE-ETHANE MIXTURES IN A WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE
Authors: LASHINA E.A. , PESKOVA E.E. , SNYTNIKOV V.N.
Published: October 2024

A compact mechanism based on elementary radical reactions is proposed for the temperature conversion of methane-ethane mixtures. The kinetic model relying on this mechanism describes the literature data on the conversion of methane and ethane at millisecond time intervals in the temperature range 600-1400 °C. Within the kinetic model, the time dependences of the concentrations of hydrogen, ethylene, acetylene and benzene on the temperature and on the methane/ethane ratio in the initial mixture are determined in the isothermal approximation. Using the proposed mechanism for the calculations of axisymmetric gas-dynamic flows of reagents mixture, the yields of hydrogen and valuable unsaturated hydrocarbons in a non-isothermal tubular reactor are determined.
"Development of a statistical calculation model for the carbon diffusion parameters in metals and alloys"
Authors: Volodymyrovich Bobyr Serhiy
Published: October 2024

Carbon diffusion in metals has received a lot of attention and has been the subject of intensive theoretical investigations in recent years. The purpose of this work is development the statistical calculation model (SCM) on the diffusion of carbon in metals and its application for calculating the diffusion coefficients of carbon in alloys. It includes first-principles calculation of the diffusion coefficient according to a statistical model, physicochemical calculation of activation energies for carbon, and linear approximation of carbon diffusion in alloys. The calculated values of the diffusion coefficient for metals are within the range of the experimental values. For low-melting metals, carbon diffusion coefficients are mainly unknown from experiment, but the statistical model allows us to predict their values. The calculations are compared with known experimental data on the diffusion of carbon atoms in some metals Fe, V, Ta and W at high temperatures with fairly good agreement between the results. The SCM-model allows us to determine the influence of the alloying elements Si, Mo and Cr on the diffusion of carbon in the F – C alloy.
Polymer reinforced with nanoparticles and made using the spin coating technique: characterization and analysis
Authors: Melavanki Raveendra , Siddaraju C , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: October 2024

In this research paper, thin films of polyethersulfone reinforced with different concentrations of the zinc-nickel ferrite nanoparticles [ZnNiFe] using the spin coating technique is presented and briefly discussed. The polymer chosen was polyethersulfone. Optical characterization of the test samples was carried out using different spectroscopic techniques at room temperature [25°C]. The structural properties, texture, and morphological characteristics of the as-prepared thin films were studied using the techniques of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR], X-ray diffraction [XRD] spectra, atomic force microscopy [AFM], and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]. The results revealed the ZnNiFe nanoparticle-reinforced polyethersulfone thin films are good candidates for selection and use in photonic applications, such as optical sensors, solar panels, and other photonic devices. In addition, both the ground state dipole moment and excited state dipole moment were determined for the polyethersulfone (PES) molecule using the solvatochromic shift method. This was essentially for developing an understanding of the charge transfer characteristics of the solute. Results of this novel study did reveal the excited state dipole moment to be observably greater than the ground state dipole moment.
Mental health care of nursing students and professionals through the use of socioemotional competencies
Authors: Farro Diego Alonso Ubaldo
Published: October 2024

The mental health of nursing students and professionals should be considered as important by school authorities or health services. This academic and work reality is even more difficult when nurses have to face contexts of stress and anxiety during their study and work days. The use of social-emotional competencies allows nurses to develop the necessary skills to manage their own emotions, establish healthy bonds with their colleagues, communicate their emotional needs and support each other; In this way, Nursing enriches its capabilities to face the health challenges of today's world.
Confronting indifference as a priority of active university formation
Authors: Domínguez Freddy Varona-
Published: October 2024

This is a theoretical work. In it, some theoretical considerations about indifference are developed, among them, the social and historical causes of its increase in the current world, as well as regarding the statement that indifference is growing. Regarding this aspect, it is pointed out that it does not mean that all people are indifferent, but rather that every day the number of people who only attend to their own affairs and ignore those of others increases. It is pointed out that this phenomenon has among its causes, as can be seen with the naked eye, that the universe of interests of many people tends to narrow and they only care about what is part of said universe. In this work it is emphasized that in confronting indifference, the university can play a valuable role, which can be carried out in many ways, one of which is active university formation. With this modality, the enthusiastic and diligent participation of students in learning is emphasized. It is also highlighted that in the process of active university formation, dialogues and the development of students' critical thinking are important. The objective of this work is to highlight some of the possibilities that active university formation has to confront indifference. For its development, a current and varied bibliography was consulted.
The covid-19 pandemic and its effect on maternal health indicators in Latin American countries
Authors: Alvarez Pérez Fabricio Ceferino , Casanova Alvaro Martín Paredes , Nicho Conde Gianella , Desposorio Robles Keile Joyce , Vela Ruiz José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Maternal mortality constitutes one of the most important indicators of public health, and also reflects the response capacity of health systems to the healths needs of one of the most vulnerable groups, such a pregnant women. Objective: Conduct a bibliographic review of the maternal mortality indicators used by health management teams, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American countries. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out by searching for scientific articles related to the topic. In addition, information was collected from epidemiological bulletins updated as of the review date. The PEO question was used (Population: pregnant women. Exposure: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Result: maternal mortality in the context before and during the pandemic): What are the maternal mortality indicators before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? The search sources were PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar. The key words were: "Maternal mortality" "Morbidity and mortality indicators" "COVID-19". Articles published from January 1, 2021 to May 30, 2023 were selected. Results: Of the 5670 articles found, 5654 articles were discarded because they did not meet our criteria for keyword combinations in the title or abstract. Of the 16 articles selected, 12 had research results. Of the total number of articles, there were 4 prospective articles and 8 retrospecitve articles, 4 were considered for conceptual theoretical aspects that are related to the objective of the study. Conclusion: an increase in the maternal mortality ratio was evident in the pre-pandemic period and during the pandemic compared to the figures from previous years, this was associated with the presence of comorbidities and maternal risk factors as well as the limited supply of health services, lack of intra-and extramural organization.
Maternal death before admission to the Sylvanus Olympia University Hospital Center (CHU SO) epidemiological and etiological aspects
Authors: Douaguibe Baguilane , Togbonou Sitou , Ajavon Dédé Régina , Tongou Pankéyédou
Published: October 2024

Objective: determine the epidemiological and etiological profiles of a pregnant, parturient or women given birth before or within 10 minutes of admission Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021. All maternal deaths occurring before admission and within 10 minutes of admission to the clinic were included in the study. Of gynecology and obstetrics at CHU SO. The data were processed by Epi info version 7 software. Results: in total, 654 maternal deaths including 153 maternal deaths before admission were recorded, corresponding to 23.4% of all maternal deaths. The median age was 30.2 years. 37.2% of women were uneducated. 41.2% were resellers. 79.1% of women were cohabiting. 47.1% of women had performed less than 3 ANC. 43.8% of the women who died had completed their ANC in a medical center. 54.3% by a midwife, 37.3% by unqualified personnel. 62.7% of deaths occurred postpartum and 36.3% during pregnancy. 79.1% were referrals. 88.9% of the women who died arrived in a non-medical taxi car. Among the 57 patients who died during their pregnancy, 40.3% were carrying a pregnancy of 28 to 36 weeks, and 36.3% were full-term pregnancies. Among the 96 women who died postpartum; 93.3% had given birth vaginally. Among the 121 referrals, 34.7% came from a birthing center, 56.2% were referred by a state midwife and 30.6% by unqualified personnel; 46.3% referred without a reference form, 94.3% were referred without a venous access. In 10.7% the reason for evacuation was bleeding from the delivery with an average evacuation time of one-hour 5minutes. 60.3% of women who died had an evacuation delay of more than one hour. 94.8% of patients died of direct obstetric causes including immediate postpartum hemorrhage in 60.1% of cases. Conclusion: deaths before admission constitute an increasingly growing problem at CHU SO. Late referral is a determining factor in maternal deaths before admission.
LC-MS analysis of Urtica urens water extracts: active ingredients and their impact on beta-hematin formation
Authors: Abu-Lafi Saleh , Zagharneh Maram , Abu-Remeleh Qassem , Khalid Mahmoud , Akkawi Mutaz
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential antimalarial efficacy of aqueous extracts from various parts of dwarf nettle (Urtica urens)-leaves, roots, and stems-by examining their ability to inhibit beta-hematin formation. The findings indicate that extracts from the roots and stems exhibit minimal antimalarial activity, while the leaf extracts show considerable promise. When the leaf extract was diluted, it maintained its antimalarial activity at concentrations up to 50%, but effectiveness decreased with further dilution. This decline may be attributed to the reduced concentrations of the active compounds present in the water extracts. The leaf extract was effective at concentrations ranging from 1 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml, but lost its activity at 0.3 mg/ml, likely due to inadequate levels of these compounds at this level. LC-MS analysis identified key flavonoids in the leaf extract, including flavanols such as Myricetin 3-O-rutinoside, Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside, Kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, Rutin, Apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide, Kaempferol 3-O-(6''-acetyl-galactoside) 7-O-rhamnoside and flavanones such as Luteolin 7-O-diglucuronide. Examining their chemical structures offers insights into how these flavonoids might interact with heme, thereby enhancing our understanding of their antimalarial potential and supporting their consideration as candidates for malaria therapy.
Global Challenges for Social Support Systems: Essence, Component Features and Characteristics
Authors: HOREMYKINA YULIIA
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to issues of global challenges for social support systems. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing role of global challenges in the socio-economic life of states. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of global challenges characterizing modern social support systems, including the social support system of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of global challenges for social support systems. The basic methods of scientific research used in the article are analysis and synthesis (to identify the specifics of global challenges for social support systems), graphic method (to demonstrate the connection between the global basis of the emergence of global challenges and challenges for the social support system). It has been established that the main global challenges for social support systems are the following: the functional failure of the social support system; growing needs of recipients of social services, benefits, and payments; the transformation of a socially oriented state; the reduction in abilities of states to maintain social support systems. The functional failure of the social support system means its state in which the formal presence of agencies and institutions designed to guarantee the provision of social services, benefits and payments to the population is not accompanied by their effective work, that is, the system of social support does not solve the current social problems of society and becomes a burden for state budget. The most acute challenge for the social support system for Ukraine under war conditions is the growth in the needs of recipients of social services, benefits, and payments, which can occur in two ways: 1) an increase in the needs of existing recipients of social benefits, services, and payments on account of changes in the socio-economic, political, ecological, security situation in the region or objective physiological changes in certain groups of recipients (aging, deterioration of well-being); 2) an increase in the number (or share) of people applying for social support due to changes in the socio-economic, political, environmental, security situation in the region or subjective life circumstances. Closely related to this challenge is another challenge, namely the reduction in states’ ability to maintain social support systems. Particular attention is paid to the causes and potential consequences of the transformation of the concept of a socially oriented state. In addition, the author researched the global basis of challenges for social support systems, which combines the key factors of their occurrence.
Caracterização Sociodemográfica e Histórico de Condução de Pessoas Idosas Motoristas
Authors: Henrique dos Santos Lino Matheus , De Lima Guiotto Alisson , Santos Marques Felipe , Carazzolle Narciso Giovanna , Prota Cristina , Carlos Brech Guilherme , Castilho Alonso Angelica
Published: October 2024

Objetivos: Analisar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas pessoas idosas em relação à condução veicular, bem como avaliar a importância que atribuem a essa atividade. Métodos: Estudo transversal quantitativo avaliou 61 pessoas idosas motoristas utilizando dois questionários desenvolvidos pelos pesquisadores: 1) dados sociodemográficos, 2)  questões relacionadas às dificuldades e à importância da condução para pessoas idosas. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes relatou apenas acidentes leves e não teve problemas significativos com condições climáticas, horários de direção ou estado das estradas. Os participantes usavam o carro para atividades diárias e lazer, dirigindo em média cerca de duas horas por dia. A prática de dirigir é vista como crucial para manter a autonomia e a conexão com a família, e a ideia de parar de dirigir é considerada um grande desafio. Conclusão: A capacidade de dirigir é vital para o bem-estar emocional e a qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas, mas o estudo também destaca os riscos associados à condução nessa idade, como a presença em acidentes leves durante a condução veicular. Portanto, é fundamental encontrar um equilíbrio entre manter a independência das pessoas idosas e garantir a segurança no trânsito.
The Devil’s in the Details
Authors: Malley Brian
Published: October 2024

Benjamin Purzycki and Richard Sosis’ Religion Evolving (2022) offers an impressive synoptic overview of current theory and findings in the scientific study of religion, and a potentially important new model. This theory merits further development but requires some attention to issues of definition.