bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression
Authors: Canet-Pons Júlia , Sen Nesli-Ece , Arsovic Aleksandar , Almaguer-Mederos Luis-Enrique , Halbach Melanie V. , Key Jana , Döring Claudia , Kerksiek Anja , Picchiarelli Gina , Cassel Raphaelle , René Frédérique , Dieterlé Stéphane , Hein-Fuchs Nina , König Renate , Dupuis Luc , Lütjohann Dieter , Gispert Suzana , Auburger Georg
Published: November 2019

Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model withAtxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology. Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase ofGrn,Tlr7andRnaset2mRNA versusEif5a2,Dcp2, Uhmk1andKif5adecrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels forUnc80,Tacr1,Gnal,Ano3,Kcna2,Elovl5andCdr1contrasted withGpnmbincrease. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes includingDhcr24,Msmo1,Idi1andHmgcs1was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies.
New peptides with immunomodulatory activity in macrophages and antibacterial activity against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Barrero-Guevara Laura Andrea , Bolaños Natalia , Parra Miguel , González John Mario , Groot Helena , Muñoz-Camargo Carolina
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus infections are a common concern world-wide due to the increasing number of bacterial strains with multiresistant properties to existing antibiotics, incrementing the need for novel molecules and therapy approaches for their treatment. This study evaluated the antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity of eight new peptides (AA, KS, NS, RN, AT, GF, KV and LK) as the basis for the search of new antibacterial and therapeutic agents for topic prevention and treatment against S. aureus infections. Here, there are characterized in silico eight new antimicrobial peptides. Their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and cytotoxic activity in mammalian cell lines were evaluated in vitro with the peptides individually and combined. Three of the peptides (GF, AT and AA) immunomodulatory activity was assessed in macrophages and under three scenarios: non-stimulation, Escherichia coli LPS stimulation and S. aureus lysate stimulation. Results showed that three peptides individually showed the best antibacterial activity against the S. aureus bacteria evaluated. The peptides presented immunomodulatory activity in THP-1 macrophages by displaying different profiles, increasing or decreasing four cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 and CCL2 (MCP1)). This activity depended on the peptide concentration and the stimulation in which the macrophages were exposed to. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of these peptides to be used in further studies as novel antimicrobial molecules for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infections.
piRNA clusters need a minimum size to control transposable element invasions
Authors: Kofler Robert
Published: November 2019

piRNA clusters are thought to repress transposable element activity in mammals and invertebrates. Here we show that a simple population genetics model reveals a constraint on the size of piRNA clusters: the total size of the piRNA clusters of an organism ought to exceed 0.2% of a genome. Larger piRNA clusters accounting for up to 3% of the genome may be necessary when populations are small, transposition rates are high and TE insertions recessive. If piRNA clusters are too small the load of deleterious TE insertions accumulating during a TE invasion may drive populations extinct before an effective piRNA based defence against the TE can be established. Our finding is solely based on three well supported assumptions: i) TEs multiply withing genomes, ii) TEs are mostly deleterious and iii) piRNA clusters act as transposons traps, where a single insertion in a cluster silences all TE copies in trans. Interestingly, piRNA clusters of some species meet our minimum size requirements while clusters of other species don’t. Species with small piRNA clusters, such as humans and mice, may experience severe fitness reductions during invasions of novel TEs, possibly even threatening the persistence of some populations. This work also raises the important question of how piRNA clusters evolve. We propose that the size of piRNA clusters may be at an equilibrium between evolutionary forces that act to expand and contract piRNA clusters.
Translative lens-based full-field coherent X-ray imaging
Authors: Detlefs Carsten , Beltran Mario Alejandro , Guigay Jean-Pierre , Simons Hugh
Published: November 2019

A full-field coherent imaging approach suitable for hard X-rays based on a classical (i.e. Galilean) X-ray microscope is described. The method combines a series of low-resolution images acquired at different transverse lens positions into a single high-resolution image, overcoming the spatial resolution limit set by the numerical aperture of the objective lens. The optical principles of the approach are described, the successful reconstruction of simulated phantom data is demonstrated, and aspects of the reconstruction are discussed. The authors believe that this approach offers some potential benefits over conventional scanning X-ray ptychography in terms of spatial bandwidth and radiation dose rate.
Drug use and criminality among unaccompanied refugee minors: a review of the literature
Authors: Ivert Anna-Karin , Magnusson Mia-Maria
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Organisations working with children have acknowledged that unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) across Europe are exposed to environments and situations that put them at risk for becoming addicted to drugs or becoming involved in crime. The purpose of this paper is to study an examination of existing international research concerning URM and of whether, and if so how, issues relating to drug use and criminality among these children are discussed in the international literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Sociological abstracts and ERIC databases, which together cover the social and behavioural science and also medicine.

Findings

Findings from the present review show that the issues of drug abuse and criminality among URM are rarely acknowledged in the international research literature. When the occurrence of substance abuse and/or criminality is discussed, it is often in relation to mental health problems and in terms of self-medication, i.e. that alcohol or drugs are used by the URM to cope with painful experiences or mental health problems, and also with the challenges of integrating into a new society, difficulties finding work, unsuitable living conditions and a lack of social support.

Originality/value

This review shows that several researchers have emphasised that untreated mental health problems, stressful living conditions and a lack of support and control might put these children at risk for substance abuse and criminality, and this suggests a need for further research in this area.
The sharing economy, regulations, and the role of local government
Authors: Park Minkyung
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore regulatory issues of short-term rentals (STR) and evaluate what constitutes effective regulation of STR by analyzing the STR ordinance in the City of Charleston, South Carolina, as well as reviewing the regulation process the City took.

Design/methodology/approach

In this case study, the study employed a documentary research method (Ahmed, 2010) using multiple sources, including government documents, historical statistics and local publications. Prior to analyzing documents, face-to-face interviews with a couple of key government officials were conducted to understand the overall context of the regulation processes as well as to obtain primary information and data pertaining to Charleston’s STR regulation processes.

Findings

The study identified three noteworthy points. First, the legalization process was transparent and democratic; opportunities for stakeholder participation in crafting the Charleston’s ordinance included the establishment of the STR Task Force and public listening sessions. Second, the Charleston’s STR regulation is designed to protect non-participating residents and the historic characters of its neighborhoods; several measures (e.g. strict eligibility, operational restrictions, licensing and permitting, enforcement) protect non-participants and the neighborhood overall, while the City allows STR to be legal. Third, there is a unique enforcement mechanism and tourism-related governance structure; dedicated staff in the Department of Livability and Tourism enforce the STR laws in Charleston.

Originality/value

Empirical analysis of the STR regulations has never been established. The study provides useful and timely insights for local governments, destination management organizations, tourism scholars, and stakeholders in tourism cities to advance the discussions and debates around STR regulations.
Assesment of zakat distribution
Authors: Rahmat Rahman Saleh , Nurzaman Mohamad Soleh
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to assess the feasibility of zakat distribution conducted by zakat community development program, one of the BAZNAS programs in Bringinsari village, Sukorejo subdistrict, Kendal Regency, Central Java using the zakat village index (IDZ).

Design/methodology/approach

IDZ has five components in measuring the effectiveness of charity for the welfare of the community is the economic dimension, the dimension of education, dimension of health, social dimension of humanity and dimensions of da’wah. The economic dimension consists of four variables, namely, the presence of productive economic activities, trade centers and access to transportation and logistics services and the presence of access to financial institutions.

Findings

Based on IDZ measurement in Bringinsari village, it is found that IDZ of this village is 0.47. It showed that the condition of the village is good enough. As the result of this calculation, Bringinsari village is under consideration to receive zakat funding.

Research limitations/implications

This research will be done in Bringinsari village Sukorejo district, Kendal regency from April 1, 2018 until July 2, 2018.

Practical implications

Based on the result of IDZ result done in Bringinsari Sukorejo district, Kendal regency, it is gained index calculation result for about 0.47. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the village deserves to get zakat funding. Economic dimension is still low, 0.32. Therefore, in this case, a motivation to help villagers is needed. The exact program in improving the people in Bringinsari based on priority is economic, health, education program in accordance with IDZ calculation.

Social implications

The welfare measurement of zakat receiver or mustahiq adopts welfare index (CIBEST). CIBEST model combines material and spiritual fulfillment of human needs quadrants. This index is split into four categories, namely, welfare, material poverty, spiritual poverty and absolute poverty (Puskas BAZNAS, 2016).

Originality/value

Based on measurement result that has been obtained, the authors can recommend some program activities to help improving their welfare. There are three dimensions, which IDZ prioritized or considered to be assisted, such as economic dimension, activity program for housewives. If Bringinsari has got an indicator as a good village and the impact is good as well, therefore, it can try to move zakat fund distribution to other villages.
The enigma of franchising in China
Authors: Alon Ilan , Kruesi Michael Alexander
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Although China is among the most populated and fastest growing markets in the world, the reason why China’s franchising scale and scope is so limited remains an enigma. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on franchising in China and offer strategies for practitioners to more effectively operate under a franchise model in the Chinese market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews both literature and practical sources providing some primary data from interviews conducted with franchise industry practitioners in China.

Findings

The findings of this paper are that foreign entrants to China must carefully consider if they should enter the Chinese market through franchising or if the market may be too difficult to navigate. Franchisors, whose brand is unknown in China or have operations that are too Western-centric, should probably seek international markets closer to home. Those with a high value proposition in the local market and the capabilities to adapt effectively to China’s peculiarities may, however, find a promising and profitable niche to operate in.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the under examined realities of franchising in the Chinese market. Based on the previous experiences of franchisors in China, the paper raises seven practical strategies that practitioners can use to more successfully enter the Chinese market through franchising. Although China is among the most populated and fastest growing markets in the world, the reason why China’s franchising scale and scope is so limited remains an enigma. According to the International Franchise Association and International Trade Administration reports, China is among the top-ranking countries in terms of trade opportunities, with the top 100 franchisor sales estimated at ¥428bn (about US$66bn). China is the largest franchise market in the world, with over 4,500 franchise systems and some 400,000 franchised outlets in over 70 industries. However, considering China’s US$13.6tn (2018) economy, this is still far lower than its full potential. In addition, the scope of franchising is limited and is mostly centered in food and beverage and retail outlets, which consists of approximately 40 per cent of all franchisors.
Partner or servant
Authors: Wu Yinghao , Jiang Jing
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to take the perspective of repairing the negative effect of social exclusion, discussing how anthropomorphized brand role (partner vs servant) releases the negative effect of social exclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, two behavioral studies are conducted. Study 1 uses a one-factor (social exclusion vs social inclusion) between-subjects design. The purpose of Study 1 is to test the effect of social exclusion on consumers’ WTP for the anthropomorphized brand (H1). Study 2 uses a 2 (self-esteem (SE): high vs low) × 2 (anthropomorphized brand role: servant vs partner) between-subjects design. The aim of Study 2 is to investigate that after being socially excluded, how anthropomorphized brand roles (servant vs partner) and SE interactively release individuals’ negative feelings (H2a and H2b) and how the need for control recovery mediates this interaction effect (H3).

Findings

This study proposes that when individuals are socially excluded, they are willing to pay more for anthropomorphized brands than those who are not because anthropomorphized brands provide a quasi-social relationship. This study further posits that socially excluded consumers prefer the different role of anthropomorphized brands, given a different level of SE to meet their needs for control recovery. High self-esteem (HSE) (vs low self-esteem (LSE)) consumers are willing to pay more for a servant-like brand because such brands help them recover from low control by regaining a master role. In contrast, HSE and LSE consumers have no significant differences in WTP for a partner-like brand.

Originality/value

Few research studies have discussed how social exclusion influences individuals’ WTP. To fill this gap, the authors used WTP as the dependent variable, showing that after being socially excluded, individuals tend to pay a higher price for the anthropomorphized brand. Also, the research not only adds a contribution to research on the need for control recovery but also indicates how HSE vs LSE individuals behave differently in socially excluded contexts.
When family firm corporate governance fails: the case of El Corte Inglés
Authors: Sacristán-Navarro María , Cabeza-García Laura
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe internal corporate governance mechanisms in family firms as well as conflicts that may arise among shareholders and family members in the absence of specific corporate governance mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

After presenting theoretical concepts, the authors study the case of Spanish family firm El Corte Inglés to understand some of the corporate governance difficulties the company has experienced over the past few years.

Findings

This case illustrates how corporate governance problems can arise because the right mechanisms have not been used, leading to conflicts among family members, valuation problems and power struggles.

Practical implications

There is a need for family firms to employ suitable corporate governance mechanisms as governance complexity increases.

Originality/value

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of corporate governance problems among family members and their possible solutions.
In-app controls for small business accounting information system: a study of domain understanding
Authors: Ritchi Hamzah , Azis Yudi , Adrianto Zaldy , Setiono Kharisma , Sanjaya Selvia
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the context of cognitive load and the role of in-app controls that serve as visual aids to promote business process understanding and the use of accounting information system (AIS) for small business users.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 164 participants from small- and medium-sized enterprises were invited to participate in an experiment with between-subjects 2×2 factorial design. Researchers provided two sets of manipulations in the form of in-app control aids, namely Navigation and Guidance. Groups of individuals either received both navigation and guidance, only navigation or only guidance, or no treatment at all. These four different groups were then tested by a range of tasks to measure user understanding on small business domain knowledge and accounting business process provided by the system.

Findings

The findings indicate that although several early indications were visually observed wherein Navigation and Guidance may help reduce individual cognitive load and hence provide potential value for a better understanding of business process, the statistical analysis has not yet been able to substantiate the differences. Despite visually supporting the hypotheses, neither Navigation nor Guidance proved significant on accuracy (scores), efficiency (time) and individual cognitive difficulties. It appears that a systematic training on the accounting process is arguably imperative in order to reduce the extraneous cognitive load due to a relative gap of accounting logic and users’ knowledge of their business process. Ultimately, it would promote the germane knowledge where the integration of user’s own business process and accounting process can manifest effectively.

Research limitations/implications

Aligned with the findings of the research and its correlation with learning, apparently the learning process is not merely determined not only by the application control features being embedded, but also by the domain knowledge of individuals who interact with the system. Training related to the discussion of the accounting process should be conducted more intensively to minimize the gap between the knowledge upon the problems on individual business process and the mechanism of the accounting process.

Originality/value

This research takes a new approach in examining user acceptance toward an AIS by comparing task performance with and without the assistive devices, to assess how these visual aids may overcome the cognitive load of the individual.
Rebellious eating: older women misbehaving through indulgence
Authors: Moscato Emily M. , Ozanne Julie L.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Food rituals are an ever present part of consumers’ lives that have practical implications for well-being. This paper aims to explore how food and its relationship to pleasure evolve, as women navigate social norms around gender and aging.

Design/methodology/approach

Ethnographic data were collected using in-depth interviews and participant observations of members of the Red Hat Society (RHS) across 27 months. This approach provided a more nuanced perspective on how food experiences shape consumption rituals and communal ties over time.

Findings

Older women in the RHS eat rebelliously when they break social norms of gender and aging by indulging together in food and drink. Their rituals of rebellious eating have implications on well-being, heightening their experiential pleasure of food and conviviality and forging social support and a sense of community. The dark side of personal indulgence is explored within a larger framework of food well-being.

Originality/value

This study shows how older women challenge social expectations around age and gender through food pleasure rituals. The concept of rebellious eating is introduced to conceptualize how these older women rethink aging and indulgence within a supportive community of consumption and integrate the concepts into their personal narratives.
Leveraging the coffee experience as a tool for engagement with climate change
Authors: Eiseman Danielle , Jonsson Martin
Published: November 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the potential of the coffee drinking experience as an engagement tool for climate change. Review the current state of the coffee drinking experience, define it and examine links to climate change communication practices. The argument for the coffee drinking experience as a method for engaging the public on climate change is presented.

Design/methodology

The case study method was used to analyze a small number of existing research on the coffee drinking experience. This method is used to define the coffee drinking experience and identify examples in which it could be leveraged for engaging consumers in climate change.

Findings

The emotive and multi-sensory aspects of the coffee drinking experience, combined with the informal atmosphere of the coffee houses provide a non-threatening environment for discussing complex ideas. This study finds there is scope for further exploration and research on the coffee drinking experience as a tool for public engagement with climate change.

Research limitations/implications

This paper is limited in that it is only an initial exploratory study and has not reached the empirical stage yet. It is further limited to the analysis of secondary data.

Originality

Social science in general and experiential marketing specifically has yet to examine the ability of food or drinking experiences as an engagement tool for climate change.
Foliar fungal diseases respond differently to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in Tibetan alpine meadows
Authors: Liu Xiang , Lu Yawen , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhou Shurong
Published: November 2019

The effects of nitrogen addition on fungal diseases in agroecosystems have been widely documented, while largely unknown is how phosphorus fertilization will affect foliar fungal diseases in natural ecosystems. Here, we implemented a factorial experiment with nitrogen and phosphorus addition in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau to test the effects of nutrition fertilization on foliar fungal diseases severity (i.e., % of the leaf area that was covered by fungal lesions) at plant species‐, family‐ and community‐levels, respectively, and also among different disease types (biotroph vs. necrotroph). At plant species‐level, nitrogen and phosphorus addition increased diseases severity for two and five plant species respectively. At plant family‐level, nitrogen addition increased pathogen load on Poaceae plants, while phosphorus fertilization increased pathogen load on Scrophulariaceae. Moreover, we found that addition of both nitrogen (p = .034; coefficient = 0.436) and phosphorus (p = .012; coefficient = 0.622) increased pathogen load of biotrophic pathogens, but only nitrogen addition (p = .010; coefficient = 1.769) increased pathogen load induced by necrotrophic pathogens. At plant community‐level, nitrogen addition (p = .009; coefficient = 0.218) alone, rather than phosphorus addition or the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus addition, increased community pathogen load. We concluded that nitrogen addition affects foliar fungal diseases more than phosphorus at the community‐level, and fungal diseases caused by necrotrophic pathogens were more sensitive to nitrogen addition.
Longitudinal study of the development of obstruent correctness from ages 3 to 5 years in 108 Danish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a sub‐study within a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jørgensen Line Dahl , Willadsen Elisabeth
Published: November 2019

Background

Speech‐sound development in preschoolers with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) as a group is delayed/disordered, and obstruents comprise the most vulnerable sound class.

Aims

To evaluate the development of obstruent correctness (PCC‐obs) and error types (cleft speech characteristics (CSCs) and developmental speech characteristics (DSCs)) from ages 3–5 and to investigate possible predictors (error types, velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and gender) of PCC‐obs at age 5 in two groups of children with UCLP.

Methods & Procedures

Subgroup analysis was conducted within a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) of primary surgery (Scandcleft Project). A total of 125 Danish children with UCLP received lip and soft palate repair around 4 months of age and early hard palate closure at 12 months (EHPC group) or late hard palate closure at 36 months (LHPC group). Audio and video recordings of a naming test were available for 108 children at ages 3 and 5, and recordings were transcribed phonetically by blinded raters.

Outcomes & Results

PCC‐obs scores increased significantly from ages 3–5 in both groups, but with small effect sizes in the EHPC group that had higher scores at age 3 than the LHPC group. DSCs decreased in both groups whereas CSCs only decreased in the LHPC group that had more CSCs at age 3 than the EHPC group. The frequency of CSCs at age 3 was a significant predictor of PCC‐obs scores at age 5 in both groups. DSCs significantly improved the logistic regression model in the EHPC group, whereas VPD and gender did not significantly improve the model in either group.

Conclusions & Implications

Although PCC‐obs developed significantly from ages 3 to 5, children with UCLP as a group did not catch up to typically developing Danish children at age 5. Furthermore, the LHPC group at age 5 did not reach the 3‐year level of the EHPC group, which means that delaying hard palate closure until age 3 is detrimental to obstruent development. Both CSCs and DSCs at age 3 were important predictors of PCC‐obs at age 5 and should be considered when determining need for intervention.
State Legislators’ Support for Behavioral Health Parity Laws: The Influence of Mutable and Fixed Factors at Multiple Levels
Authors: PURTLE JONATHAN , LÊ‐SCHERBAN FÉLICE , WANG XI , SHATTUCK PAUL T. , PROCTOR ENOLA K. , BROWNSON ROSS C.
Published: November 2019

Policy Points

When communicating with state legislators, advocates for state behavioral health parity laws should emphasize that the laws do not increase insurance premiums.

Legislators’ opinions about the impacts of state behavioral health parity laws and the effectiveness of behavioral health treatment have more influence on support for the laws than do their political party affiliation or state‐level contextual factors.

Reducing legislators’ stigma toward people with mental illness could increase their support for state behavioral health parity laws

Context

Comprehensive state behavioral health parity legislation (C‐SBHPL) is an evidence‐based policy that improves access and adherence to behavioral health treatments. However, adoption of C‐SBHPL by state legislators is low. Little is known about how C‐SBHPL evidence might be most effectively disseminated to legislators or how legislators’ fixed characteristics (eg, ideology), mutable characteristics (eg, beliefs about the policy's impact), and state‐level contextual factors might influence their support for behavioral health policies. The purpose of our study is (1) to describe the associations between legislators’ fixed and mutable characteristics, state‐level contextual factors, and support for C‐SBHPL; and (2) to identify the mutable characteristics of legislators independently associated with C‐SBHPL support.

Methods

We conducted a multimodal (post mail, email, telephone) survey of US state legislators in 2017 (N = 475). The dependent variable was strong support for C‐SBHPL, and the independent variables included legislators’ fixed and mutable characteristics and state‐level contextual factors. We conducted multivariable, multilevel (legislator, state) logistic regression.

Findings

Thirty‐nine percent of the legislators strongly supported C‐SBHPL. After adjustment, the strongest predictors of C‐SBHPL support were beliefs that C‐SBHPL increases access to behavioral health treatments (aOR = 5.85; 95% CI = 2.41, 14.20) and does not increase insurance premiums (aOR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.24, 5.90). Stigma toward people with mental illness was inversely associated with support (aOR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.95). After adjustment, ideology was the only fixed characteristic significantly associated with support for C‐SBHPL. State‐level contextual factors did not moderate associations between mutable characteristics and support for C‐SBHPL.

Conclusions

Legislators’ mutable characteristics are stronger predictors of C‐SBHPL support than are most of their fixed characteristics and all state‐level contextual factors, and thus should be targeted by dissemination efforts.
African American/white disparities in psychiatric emergencies among youth following rapid expansion of Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Singh Parvati , Yoon Jangho , Chakravarthy Bharath , Snowden Lonnie R.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To test whether rapid expansion of mental health services in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) reduces African American/white disparities in youth psychiatric emergency department (ED) visits.

Data Sources

Secondary ED data for psychiatric care for 3.3 million African American and white youth in nine states, 2006‐2011. We used the HCUP SEDD and SID. We obtained FQHC service data from the Uniform Data System.

Study Design

The psychiatric ED visit is the dependent variable. Logistic regression methods control for individual risk factors for ED use, as well as county‐level health system factors and county and year fixed effects. Key independent variables include indicators of mental health service capacity in FQHCs in a county‐year.

Data Extraction Methods

We extracted ED psychiatric visits for 3.3 million African American and white youth in nine states, 2006‐2011, from the HCUP SEDD and SID, and FQHC data from the Uniform Data System.

Principal Findings

Overall mental health visits at FQHCs correlate positively with psychiatric ED visits among African American youth. However, increases in the number of mental health visits per FQHC patient corresponds with fewer outpatient psychiatric ED visits among African American youth, relative to white youth (odds ratio = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94, 0.98).

Conclusions

Increases in the intensity of services offered per mental health patient at FQHCs—rather than increases in overall capacity—may reduce African American youth's overreliance on the ED for psychiatric care.
Unusual Elevator‐Related Deaths: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Sakelliadis Emmanouil I. , Katsos Konstantinos D. , Zouzia Evmorfili I. , Moraitis Konstantinos , Spiliopoulou Chara A.
Published: November 2019

We present two cases of elevator‐related deaths that occurred in two different elevators, and deaths were caused by a similar, but unusual, mechanism. An elevator is a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or things to different levels. Elevator‐related deaths and injuries are rarely reported in the literature. In most of these cases, cause of death was attributed to falls. It seems that most of the elevator accidents may be attributed to factors related to device maintenance inadequacies or even to device malfunctioning. In our cases, both elevator cars were not equipped with full‐length inner doors, thus allowing both accidents to occur. Since 2014, the European Union adopted a relative directive, which imposes the need to equip all elevators with such full‐length doors. The enforcement of the above‐mentioned EU Directive is crucial, in order to prevent similar accidents in the future.
Shelf‐Life Enhancement in Fresh and Frozen Rainbow Trout Fillets by the Employment of a Novel Active Coating Design
Authors: Zhaleh Saba , Shahbazi Yasser , Shavisi Nassim
Published: November 2019

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of incorporating ethanolic Prosopis farcta extract (PFE, 0 and 0.5%) and curcumin nanoparticles (CCM, 0, 0.1 and 0.2%) into sodium alginate (SA) coating on shelf‐life of refrigerated and frozen rainbow trout fillets during storage lasting for 12 days and 6 months, respectively. Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of designated coatings were examined using 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl hydrate free radical scavenging activity and broth microdilution methods, respectively. The highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities were found in CCM 0.2% + PFE 0.5% and CCM 0.1% + PFE 0.5%. The CCM 0.2% + PFE 0.5% and CCM 0.1% + PFE 0.5% treatments could significantly extend the shelf‐life of fresh trout fillets for 12 days during refrigerated storage evidenced by the 3.6 to 4.3 and 3 to 3.7 log CFU/g decrease in the microbial population in comparison with the untreated group, respectively. At the end of refrigerated storage time, the chemical change in all treated fillets was significantly lower than the untreated group (P < 0.05). The treatments of frozen trout fillets with SA + different concentrations of PFE and CCM resulted in better microbial and chemical properties than of the untreated group at the end of storage period (P < 0.05).

Practical Application

Antimicrobial edible coatings from natural renewable resources have been found to be very useful in the food preservation field owing to the increasing consumer interest for the improvement of shelf‐life property and appearance of fresh foodstuffs. Rainbow trout fillets without chemical preservatives have a limited shelf‐life due to its biological properties. This study indicates the possibility of application of sodium alginate coatings containing Prosopis farcta extract and curcumin nanoparticles to increase shelf‐life and maintain the quality of refrigerated trout fillets.
Impact of Climate and Land Use Change on Streamflow and Sediment Yield in a Snow‐Dominated Semiarid Mountainous Watershed
Authors: Khatri K.B. , Strong C. , von Stackelberg N. , Buchert M. , Kochanski A.K.
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the impact of climate and land use change on the magnitude and timing of streamflow and sediment yield in a snow‐dominated mountainous watershed in Salt Lake County, Utah using a scenario approach and the Hydrological Simulation Program — FORTRAN model for the 2040s (year 2035–2044) and 2090s (year 2085–2094). The climate scenarios were statistically and dynamically downscaled from global climate models. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes were estimated in two ways — from a regional planning scenario and from a deterministic model. Results indicate the mean daily streamflow in the Jordan River watershed will increase by an amount ranging from 11.2% to 14.5% in the 2040s and from 6.8% to 15.3% in the 2090s. The respective increases in sediment load in the 2040s and 2090s is projected to be 6.7% and 39.7% in the canyons and about 7.4% to 14.2% in the Jordan valley. The historical 50th percentile timing of streamflow and sediment load is projected to be shifted earlier by three to four weeks by mid‐century and four to eight weeks by late‐century. The projected streamflow and sediment load results establish a nonlinear relationship with each other and are highly sensitive to projected climate change. The predicted changes in streamflow and sediment yield will have implications for water supply, flood control and stormwater management.
Positive HLA‐B27 and sacroiliitis is not always spondyloarthritis
Authors: Aslam Fawad , Chivers Frederick Spencer , Doshi Krupa B. , Chang‐Miller April
Published: November 2019

A 36‐year‐old man was treated for several years with multiple agents for ankylosing spondylitis based on positive human leukocyte antigen‐B27 and sacroiliitis. He was also diagnosed with osteoporosis and hypophosphatemia. Over these years, from being an avid runner, he became dependent on a walker for ambulation. The lack of treatment response and the low phosphorus were clues that eventually led to a diagnosis of tumor‐induced osteomalacia. This case discusses the importance of not solely relying on genetic markers and sacroiliitis for diagnosing ankylosing spondylitis as other conditions can cause similar presentations.
A Novel Mouse Model of Acute‐on‐Chronic Cholestatic Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Systems Biology Comparison With Human Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Furuya Shinji , Argemi Josepmaria , Uehara Takeki , Katou Yuuki , Fouts Derrick E. , Schnabl Bernd , Dubuquoy Laurent , Belorkar Abha , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Kono Hiroshi , Bataller Ramon , Rusyn Ivan
Published: November 2019

Background

Alcohol‐related liver disease is the main cause of liver‐related mortality worldwide. The development of novel targeted therapies for patients with advanced forms (i.e., alcoholic hepatitis, AH) is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of acute‐on‐chronic alcohol liver injury with cholestasis and fibrosis and performed an extensive molecular comparative analysis with human AH.

Methods

For the mouse model of acute‐on‐chronic liver injury, we used 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC, 0.05% w/w) diet for 8 weeks to establish cholestatic liver fibrosis. After 1‐week washout period, male mice were fed intragastrically for 4 weeks with up to 24 g/kg of ethyl alcohol in a high‐fat diet. This animal model was phenotyped using histopathology, clinical chemistry, microbiome, and gene expression approaches. Data were compared to the phenotypes of human alcohol‐related liver disease, including AH.

Results

Mice with cholestatic liver fibrosis and subsequent alcohol exposure (DDC + EtOH) exhibited exacerbated liver fibrosis with a pericellular pattern, increased neutrophil infiltration, and ductular proliferation, all characteristics of human AH. DDC administration had no effect on urine alcohol concentration or liver steatosis. Importantly, DDC‐ and alcohol‐treated mice showed a transcriptomic signature that resembled that of patients with AH. Finally, we show that mice in the DDC + EtOH group had an increased gut barrier dysfunction, mimicking an important pathophysiological mechanism of human AH.

Conclusions

We developed a novel mouse model of acute‐on‐chronic cholestatic alcoholic liver injury that has considerable translational potential and can be used to test novel therapeutic modalities for AH.
The ability of deferred tax to predict future tax
Authors: Mear Kim , Bradbury Michael , Hooks Jill
Published: November 2019

We examine the usefulness of tax allocation accounting (deferred tax) for predicting future tax paid and future tax expense. Deferred taxes increase the explanatory power (R2) of regression models where future taxes paid or future tax expense is the dependent variable. However, the mean out‐of‐sample forecast errors for tax paid (future tax expense) is 30 (45.5) percent. Deferred tax increases predictive ability on pooled data, but is inconsistent on a year‐by‐year basis. We examine three explanations for poor predictive ability: losses, tax changes and asset growth. We discuss the policy and practical implications of our findings.
Computed tomographic morphometry of the biceps brachii muscle tendon of dogs affected by the medial coronoid disease
Authors: Veksins Armands , Kozinda Oskars , Sandersen Charlotte
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to measure the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) attachment to the medial coronoid process (MCP) using computed tomography images and to compare these data between clinically healthy and dogs affected by medial coronoid disease (MCD). Computed tomography was performed in MCD‐affected and healthy dogs. Multiplanar reconstruction views were obtained to measure distance (cm) of the BBM attachment point to the MCP. Results showed that the mean BBM attachment point‐to‐MCP was 1.42 ± 0.23 cm in MCD‐affected and 1.27 ± 0.20 cm in healthy dogs, respectively. In dogs with MCD, the BBM attachment point‐to‐MCP was significantly more abaxial than in clinically healthy dogs (p < .001). The results of this study support the hypothesis that the BBM attachment site is more abaxial to the MCP and therefore may contribute to supraphysiological overload leading to MCD. Albeit more research is necessary, this study proves a relationship between the BBM attachment point and the development of MCD.
Institutional preparedness to prevent and manage anaesthesia‐related ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ events in Australian and New Zealand teaching hospitals
Authors: Rehak A. , Watterson L. M.
Published: November 2019

It is unclear how the recent local and international focus on systems issues and human factors in ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ events has impacted institutional preparedness in Australia and New Zealand. This study attempts to capture a snapshot of current practices in Australian and New Zealand teaching hospitals with regard to preparedness to prevent and manage ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ events. All Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists’ teaching hospitals were invited to complete an online survey consisting of 33 questions on terminology, equipment, cognitive aids, training and quality assurance. Follow‐up was by both email and telephone. Responses were received from 129 (91%) of the 142 sites. The survey revealed both countries have largely moved to point‐of‐care ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ equipment. There were regional differences reported, with Australia favouring equipment, cognitive aids and teaching that supports a combined cannula and scalpel approach to ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’, whilst New Zealand favours those promoting a scalpel‐only approach. A lack of consistency with the terminology used around ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ both within and between the two countries was also identified. This survey has revealed a generally reassuringly high degree of institutional preparedness to prevent and manage ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ events across both countries but with strong regional differences in approaches. Little is known of the institutional practices outside these countries, making international comparison difficult.
Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour are associated with adolescents’ suicidal vulnerability: Evidence from 52 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Uddin Riaz , Burton Nicola W. , Maple Myfanwy , Khan Shanchita R. , Tremblay Mark S. , Khan Asaduzzaman
Published: November 2019

Aim

To examine the relationships of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with suicidal thoughts and behaviour among adolescents in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Methods

Global School‐based Student Health Survey data from 206 357 students (14.6 ± 1.18 years; 51% female) in 52 LMICs were used. Students reported on suicidal ideation, suicide planning, suicide attempts, PA, leisure‐time SB and socio‐demographic characteristics. Multilevel mixed‐effects generalised linear modelling was used to examine the associations.

Results

High leisure‐time SB (≥3 hours/day) was independently associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, suicide planning and suicide attempts for both male and female adolescents. Insufficient PA (<60 mins/day) was not associated with higher odds of ideation for either sex; however, it was associated with planning and attempts for male adolescents. The combination of insufficient PA and high SB, compared with sufficient PA and low SB, was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation and suicide planning for both male and female adolescents, and suicide attempts for male adolescents.

Conclusion

High SB may be an indicator of suicidal vulnerability among adolescents in LMICs. Low PA may be a more important risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours among male, than female, adolescents. Promoting active lifestyle should be integrated into suicide prevention programmes in resource‐poor settings.
Editorial: how safe is it to administer the BCG vaccination to babies exposed to anti‐TNFα medications antenatally?
Authors: Bouri Sonia , Hart Ailsa L.
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Luu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15504 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15559.
Editorial: evolving histological assessment of NASH
Authors: Rowe Ian A.
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Pai et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15503 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15570.
Editorial: effect of exercise on physical frailty in patients with chronic liver disease. Authors' reply
Authors: Armstrong Matthew J. , Williams Felicity R. , Johnson Jill , Freer Alice
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Williams et al and Ravikiran and Bhat papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15491 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15534.
Editorial: how safe is it to administer the BCG vaccination to babies exposed to anti‐TNFα medications antenatally? Authors' reply
Authors: Luu Maxime , Benzenine Eric , Barkun Alan , Doret Muriel , Michiels Christophe , Degand Thibault , Quantin Catherine , Bardou Marc
Published: November 2019

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Luu et al and Bouri and Hart papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15504 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15535.