bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ethical and Unethical Background of Advertising Practice
Authors: BARBU Cristina , NEGULESCU Mihail Cristian
Published: May 2024

This paper highlights the dual nature of advertising: while its purpose is to increase sales and profit, some practices within it can be unethical. Ethical advertising practices build trust, enhance reputation, and foster long-term customer relationships, leading to loyalty and sustained success. Despite the pervasive influence of advertising on consumer behaviour, it's crucial to critically evaluate messages to make informed choices. Manipulative tactics in advertising can be subtle, requiring consumers to develop discernment to protect against impulsive decisions. Additionally, in a society promoting excessive consumption, being mindful of its impact on individuals and the environment is vital. Cultivating responsible consumption habits can lead to a more balanced life and mitigate negative societal and environmental effects.© 2024 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Peran Keluarga dalam Membentuk Kesadaran Moral Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fadilah Khofifatul , Rahma Putri Aulia , Efendi Sessary Marlina
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran keluarga dalam membentuk kesadaran moral anak melalui pendidikan kewarganegaraan di sekolah dasar. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini melibatkan wawancara mendalam dengan orang tua, guru, dan siswa, serta observasi partisipatif di lingkungan keluarga dan sekolah. Peran keluarga dalam membentuk kesadaran moral anak melalui pendidikan kewarganegaraan di sekolah dasar menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini. Makalah ini menyajikan sebuah tinjauan komprehensif tentang strategi-strategi yang dapat diterapkan oleh keluarga untuk membantu anak-anak memahaminilai-nilai moral dan etika yang penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Melalui pendekatan yang holistik, keluarga dapat menjadi agen yang efektif dalam membentuk karakter dan kesadaran moral anak-anak. Namun, tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh keluarga dalam menjalankanperan ini juga perlu diperhatikan. Oleh karena itu, kolaborasi antara keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat menjadi kunci dalam menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang kondusif bagi pembentukangenerasimuda yang bertanggungjawab dan beretika. Dengan demikian, makalah ini memberikan wawasan yang penting bagi pembaca tentang pentingnya peran keluarga dalam pendidikan kewarganegaraan serta tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses tersebut
Pengembangan Aplikasi Pencari Harga Terbaik Berbasis Selenium Web Crawler
Authors: Andriyani Lina , Kristanto Sepyan Purnama , Hakim Lutfi , Suardinata I Wayan
Published: May 2024

Online shopping or commonly known as an online shop or online shop is a place to purchase goods via the Internet. With so many e-commerce websites today, we can easily access information on goods from prices, specifications, and purchase transactions. However, e-commerce websites have now been built and used by many sellers, this sometimes makes it difficult for buyers to choose the items they are looking for. That way, it is certain that we do the manual method, namely visiting one by one e-commerce website to find out information on price comparisons about the item being sought. Therefore an application was created that aims to make it easier for users to compare the prices of fashion from three online stores, namely tokopedia, Bukalapak and Blanja.com. The method used is Extreme Programming (XP) and this application was built using the laravel PHP framework and using web crawling techniques.
Insulin Resistance Among Children and Adolescents with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ilkhanipoor Homa , Yazdani Negar , Ebrahimzade Hadis , Moravej Hossein , Karamizadeh Zohreh , Amirhakimi Anis
Published: May 2024

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is marked by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels while maintaining normal thyroxine levels. Although the link between insulin resistance (IR) and overt hypothyroidism is well-established, less is known about this relationship in children and adolescents with SCH. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between insulin resistance and SCH in individuals aged 4 to 18 years. Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients with SCH aged 4 - 18 from the Endocrinology Clinic at Imam Reza Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were chosen as the case group through convenient sampling. Additionally, 30 healthy children and adolescents from the same clinic were randomly selected as controls. Exclusion criteria included positive Anti-TPO, goiter, previous thyroid disease, systemic diseases, chronic or acute diseases, diabetes, and a BMI ≥ 85%. Levels of TSH, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were compared between the groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: The study found that levels of FBS, insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in the SCH group than in the control group. There was a significant correlation between TSH levels and both insulin levels and IR in the SCH group. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to significantly increase the risk of developing IR among pediatric patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicate a positive correlation between TSH levels and IR in children with SCH. Additionally, HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher with elevated TSH in the SCH group compared to healthy children. It is recommended that IR be evaluated and treated timely in SCH patients to prevent future complications.
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS. CLINICAL CASE REPORT
Authors: Tatintsyan Lyudmila , Yessayan Lazar , Tarasenok Tarasenok , Alaverdyan Roman , Sahakyan Karmen , Hakobyan Gayane , Tatintsyan Valery
Published: May 2024

Gingival fibromatosis is the uncontrolled growth of fibrous tissue in the gum and periodontal area. It can be hereditary or acquired, and is progressive in nature. Gingival fibromatosis can partially or completely cover the teeth, causing significant aesthetic, phonetic and chewing disorders requiring surgical correction.
The main symptoms of the pathology: partial or complete overgrowth of crowns in the area of fibromatosis; smooth rounded edge of growths; increased density of hypertrophied tissues; an even pink tint of the gums and no bleeding. The intensity of symptoms determines the stage of the disease. The difference is that if in a focal form only a single lesion is formed, then in a generalized form several pathological areas merge with each other. Without treatment, tissue proliferation will inevitably lead to the development of concomitant pathologies with the formation of periodontal pockets, bone atrophy, loss of healthy teeth and impaired chewing function.
In this case report we discuss the case of a 33-year-old woman who presented with gingival overgrowth (gingival fibromatosis). The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological and pathohistological studies. For this case, an external gingivotomy was performed under local anesthesia on the mandible. Healing took place under a special self-adhesive membrane (Diplen Denta S (with solcoseryl), the patient was satisfied. The patient was warned about a possible relapse and also instructed on hygiene measures.
IMMEDIATE IMPLANTS PLACEMENT & IMMEDIATE LOADING WITH FULLY DIGITAL FABRICATED IMPLANTS-SUPPORTED PROSTHESIS. A CONTROLLED CASE SERIES
Authors: Hakobyan Tigran , Grigoryan Alfred , Bollen Curd , Hakobyan Gagik
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of this prospective case series was to evaluate the clinical results of immediate implant loading using three-dimensional surgical planning software.
Materials and methods: The study included 84 patients that were treated by using computer 3D-planning and a consecutive immediate loading surgical protocol. All implants were and rehabilitated with a fixed CAD/CAM manufactured temporary structure. A total of 356 implants were placed, 67 of which were inserted directly into extraction sockets. The clinical indices included the following parameters: ISQ (Implant Stability Quotient) and, MBL (Marginal Bone Level).
Results: Only minor prosthetic complications were recorded. When installing implants, the average value of ISQ records was 62.8 and 74.6 ISQ after 5 months, respectively. All patients reached the 60-month follow-up period, after 12 months the average value of marginal bone MBL) was 091, ± 0.25. After 36 months the average value of MBL was 1.08 ± 0.42 mm. At the interval 60 months the average MBL value was 1.25 ± 0.37 mm. The cumulative survival rate was 97,8%. The results confirm the effectiveness of this surgical and prosthetic protocol.
Conclusions: Computer 3-dimensional virtual planning, in combination with immediate implant placement and immediate loading of temporary structures using CAD/CAM structures; allowed for a short treatment process with predictable aesthetic and functional results.
USE OF GRAFTS MATERIALS IN DORSAL AUGMENTATION RHINOPLASTY
Authors: Harutyunyan Armen
Published: May 2024

Background: Various grafting materials are widely used in rhinoplasty. However, the choice of the optimal material in different clinical situations remains a matter of debate. The author analyzes the available literature on the various materials used in rhinoplasty to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Methods: For literature analysis, Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed websites were searched. Autograft, (septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, costal cartilage), allograft, bone grafts, soft tissue grafts, PRP, fluid cartilage, rhinofiller and alloplastic implants, were used as search keywords; the effectiveness of the use of each material, resorption results, complications, functional and aesthetic satisfaction of patients were evaluated. From the 127 articles considered in the analysis, 57 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Autologous cartilage grafts are widely used for dorsal augmentation. Autografts can provide varying amounts of cartilage when high structural stability is required, bone can be used. However, surgery to harvest a cartilage autograft is not in all cases acceptable to patients due to the duration of the operation and can cause unpleasant complications at the donor site, such as prolonged pain, pneumothorax, and scarring. An alternative to autograft is allografts (irradiated and non-irradiated rib) and the acellular dermal matrix has the advantage of eliminating the need for an additional surgical site.
Conclusions: With this comprehensive review, the authors hope to clarify the choice of the most optimal material, which can enable the surgeon to obtain a stable nasal architecture, optimal aesthetic and functional results. Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines for selecting an appropriate rhinoplasty material.
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BIOPSY SAMPLES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C
Authors: Sahakyan Karmen , Mkrtchyan Gayne , Yessayan Lazar , Azatyan Vahe
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background: Currently, diseases of the oral mucosa and periodontal disease are an important problem in dentistry. Studies of the oral cavity in chronic diffuse liver diseases are of great interest to clinicians since pathological processes developing in the liver, as a rule, lead to organic and functional disorders in the oral mucosa.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to reveal the morphological features of biopsy samples of the oral mucosa in patients with HBV and HCV.
Materials and methods: The study involved 95 patients with HBV, 96 patients with HCV with lesions of the oral cavity and periodontium, as well as 100 patients in the control group without HBV and without HCV, but with lesions of the oral cavity and periodontium. The age of the patients ranged from 21-64 years. In all the groups we examined, 20 morphological studies were carried out.
Results: To study the dental status, patients' complaints and data from a clinical examination of the oral cavity were taken into account, which included: external examination of the lips and corners of the mouth, assessment of the condition of various parts of the oral mucosa. To confirm the results of clinical data, we conducted a morphological study of a biopsy sample of the oral mucosa. Biopsies were taken from the affected areas of the oral mucosa.
Conclusion: During a pathomorphological study of OM in viral hepatitis B and C, inflammatory infiltration, circulatory disorders and dystrophic changes in the squamous epithelium were detected in all patients, fibrosis - in all patients with HCV. Lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was detected in almost all patients with HBV and HCV
IMPACT OF DENTAL IMPLANT SURFACE UV-PHOTOFUNCTIONALIZATION ON OSSEOINTEGRATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ghambaryan Naira
Published: May 2024

The quality of a dental implant depends on the properties of the surface and contributes to the osseointegration of the implant into the bone tissue. In modern implantology, titanium and titanium alloys are widely used for the manufacture of various implants due to their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. TiO from fabricated implants may lose its ability to bioactively integrate into bone after storage for less than 2 weeks, during which degradation of biological activity occurs. To optimize osseointegration, various methods are proposed for modifying the surface of implants by creating titanium-based micro- or nanostructures.
The purpose of this review is to discuss Ultraviolet Photofunctionalization of implant surface modifications, its effect on osseointegration and antibacterial properties. The following databases were included in the systematic search of the relevant literature: PubMed, Embase, AWMF Online, National Clearing House, International Guidelines Network and Cochrane Library. The following search criteria were used: surface modifications of implants, improve osseointegration of dental implants using ultraviolet photofunctionalization, effect of UV-photofunctionalization to improve antibacterial properties of dental implants, photofunctionalization of implants in the complex of prevention of peri-implantitis. A total of 50 articles were included that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study.
The results of a systematic review showed Ultraviolet Photofunctionalization helps improve osseointegration of implants and has antibacterial properties which is critical for implantologists, and to assist clinicians in selecting the most appropriate implants to improve implant success and survival.
CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL APPROBATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNIQUE OF SEARCHING FOR THE PROJECTION OF THE SUBCHONDRAL NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE IN THE CLINIC OF MAXILLOFACIAL
Authors: Mellin Ruslan , Karpova Elena , Kytko Olesya , Vdovina Liudmila , Chuvarkova Irina , Vasil’ev Yuriy
Published: May 2024

The anatomy and morphology of the location of the location of the mental neurovascular bundle varies significantly among populations and is largely dependent on many factors, such as the developmental process as well as comorbidities and diseases. Due to the need of practical health care in express methods of finding the main projections of the neurovascular bundles and associated foramen, morpho-analytical modeling of the method of finding the projection of the mandibular foramen on the skin of the mandible was performed. At the request of ultrasound diagnosticians and maxillofacial surgeons, an attempt was made to calculate a unified point of projection of the subchondral neurovascular bundle as a reference point for research and evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapeutic process of mandibular fracture.
We have obtained a coordinate system that can be projected both on the patient's facial skin and on the CT data. Clear positioning of the chin neurovascular bundle will allow to perform both diagnostic, for example, the study of blood flow velocity of vessels during ultrasound examination in acute trauma, in persons with increased body mass index, and treatment, for example, nerve blockade, manipulations with greater accuracy and safety for the patient.
GASEOUS OZONE-TREATED HUMAN DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS SECRETOME ENHANCES ANGIOGENESIS IN A CHICK EMBRYO MODEL
Authors: Pawar Lavanya , Mishra Sunil , Channe Pallavi , Mastud Santoshkumar , Raut Vaibhavi , Sanap Avinash , Kharat Avinash
Published: May 2024

Background: Ozone has become more common in medicine across the globe as an adjuvant treatment method for a variety of illnesses. The combination of ozone and treated human dental pulp stem cell-conditioned media hDPSCs-CM can enhance angiogenesis due to their synergistic action, resulting in increased growth factor expression.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the angiogenic potential of ozone-treated human dental pulp stem cell-conditioned media (hDPSCs-CM).
Materials and Method: HDPSCs were isolated from the extracted tooth. Passaged four cells were characterized with flow cytometry and then exposed to 10μg/mL gaseous Ozone concertation. The conditioned media (CM) were obtained from the treated cells, and growth factor analysis was performed. The functionality of the Ozonated hDPSCs-CM was assessed by the Chick Yolk Sac Membrane (YSM) assay.
Results: Ozonated hDPSCs-CM had significantly higher (p<0.01) expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The in-ovo YSM assay revealed a notably greater pro-angiogenic potential associated with Ozonated hDPSC-CM
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS. REVIEW LITERATURE
Authors: Khachatryan Hakob
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes a number of complications in various regions of the body including the oral cavity, the type and degree of which depends on the duration of the disease, its severity, and the age of the patient.
Objective: The aim of this literature review was to summarize Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Search strategy was applied with the aim of identifying as many relevant publications as possible. Data Sources four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.
The key words used for the search were Diabetes mellitus, Oral complications in Diabetes, Oral manifestations, Periodontal disease, Xerostomia. Of the 146 studies identified, a total of 67 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review were included.
Results: The results of a systematic review showed that oral manifestations and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus are one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. There is more evidence that chronic oral complications in patients with diabetes negatively affect blood glucose control. Oral complications include many complications that patients with diabetes suffer from, including caries teeth, painful gingival swelling, periodontal disease and mobility of teeth, oral infections, salivary gland dysfunction, taste dysfunction, tongue abnormalities, bad breath and lichen planus. Knowledge of the characteristic clinical changes in oral tissues caused by diabetes mellitus helps medical professionals diagnose and treat diabetes.
Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of complications with aspects of the oral cavity, especially periodontal disease, are important in patients with diabetes because of their possible adverse effects on glycemic control. Restoring sugar metabolism by correcting insulin deficiency can control diabetes mellitus. Promoting for healthy oral cavity for patients with diabetes mellitus is of paramount importance
Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on Performance of Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Hasibul , Islam Md. Saidul , Saha Shimanto , Tarin Tanzika Imam , Soumia Lalmi , Parven Sunjida , Rahman Khusbu
Published: May 2024

The present study investigates the impact of macroeconomic factors on the performance of banks in Bangladesh. The study analyzed 25 commercial banks consisting of both Islamic and conventional banks in Bangladesh from 2012 to 2021. The data was analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. Return on assets (ROA) is the dependent variable while macroeconomic variables such as GDP growth (GDPG), inflation (INF), and unemployment (UNEP) are the independent variables. The regression results showed that unemployment rate have a significant impact on the return on assets for banks in Bangladesh banks. There was no significant impact between GDP growth and inflation on the return on assets. Policymakers should consider the impact of unemployment rates on bank performance when making economic policy decisions, with a focus on reducing unemployment rates to improve bank performance. This has been particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic, where policies to prevent widespread unemployment could have positive effects on bank performance
Ética, transparencia y las finanzas en las universidades públicas estatales en México
Authors: Gómez Cárdenas Juan Francisco , Gómez Álvarez Ricardo , Garza Elizondo Adriana , López Chacón Tatewari , Martínez Ruiz Héctor Manuel
Published: May 2024

The UPE in Mexico are entities that financially operate by means of subsidies granted by the federation and the federal entities, which are used to fulfill their substantive and administrative functions; the subsidies are public resources subject to auditing according to various federal provisions; This article highlights the importance of ethics, transparency and accountability in state public universities in Mexico, by means of a non-experimental analysis of quantitative and correlational type and having as results those issued by the Superior Audit Office of the Federation (ASF) in the fiscal year 2020 where it made an average of 20 observations for each UPE of which 3. In addition, there is a moderate correlation between observations made and observations not solved, concluding that ethics, transparency and accountability are determining factors in the efficient use of financial resources in the UPE in Mexico.
La ecuación lineal en un libro de texto oficial en República Dominicana (2013-2023)
Authors: Amado Camilo López  , Encarnación Sánchez Jiménez  , Antonio Maurandi López
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la propuesta del libro de texto Matemática 1, Educación Mediadel Ministerio de Educación de la República Dominicana para la enseñanza de la ecuación lineal con una variable. La metodología empleada se basa en el uso de herramientas de la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico, ideada por Chevallard, y que constituye el marco teórico para el presente estudio, las cuales nos han permitido identificar ciertos aspectos relativos a la organización matemática propuesta en el libro de texto. Los resultados indican que las actividades propuestas y resueltas contenidas en la unidad analizada, obedecen a una organización matemática más localizada en el bloque práctico que en el bloque teórico, el cual implica una justificación racional de cómo hacer más inteligible la tarea, lo que supondría la incorporación de praxeologías novedosas y retadoras que movilizaran el sentido crítico-analítico de los participantes.
Comparative Analysis of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of NeoEndo Flex Vs Protaper Gold Rotary Files: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Vashisht Arun , Dave Nairuti , Singh Navjot
Published: May 2024

Background: During the endodontic process, cleaning and shaping are essential steps. The fracture of nickel-titanium (NiTi) tools is a procedural issue that significantly impedes therapy in normal endodontic therapy. Efficient and reliable endodontic therapy requires rotary NiTi files that demonstrate superior cyclic fatigue resistance to prevent file separation within the canal. This study aimed to investigate the in-vitro cyclic fatigue resistance of two commonly used rotary NiTi files: NeoEndo Flex file and ProTaper Gold file. Methods: The cyclic fatigue tests were carried out by determining the lifespan of each file type in a controlled environment mimicking a curved root canal. A total of 30 files (15 NeoEndo Flex and 15 ProTaper Gold) were subjected to continuous rotation until fracture occurred. The numbers of cycles until failure (NCF) were recorded for statistical comparison. Results: The ProTaper Gold files showed significantly higher NCF, indicative of stronger cyclic fatigue resistance when compared to NeoEndo Flex files (p < 0.05). The variance in fatigue resistance is attributable, in part, to differences in alloy composition and proprietary heat treatment processes. Conclusion: ProTaper Gold rotary NiTi files exhibited enhanced cyclic fatigue resistance in comparison to NeoEndo Flex, suggesting that they may be the preferred choice for clinical procedures where greater stresses are anticipated on the file. However, clinicians should balance file strength with other clinical factors when choosing the appropriate file for endodontic treatment.
The Professional Status of the Teacher of English
Authors: Pooley Robert C.
Published: May 2024

The opening of the new school year is an appropriate time, also, for especial concern with the status of the English teacher. Dr. Pooley’s discussion of a desired
status amounts ultimately to a kind of “bill of rights” for the teacher of English. One of the nation’s great leaders in the teaching of English, Dr. Pooley is now
chairman of the Department of Integrated Liberal Studies, University of Wisconsin.
More Sources of Free and Inexpensive Materials
Authors: Searles John R.
Published: May 2024

This is the fifth annual list compiled by Dr. Searles, professor of English and education at the University of Wisconsin. Readers are asked to refer to the Journal when ordering from the list. Reprints of this list, as well as of the 1958 list, are available from the NCTE, 704 South Sixth Street, Champaign, Illinois, for 20ȼ.
Fiction’s Flagging Man of Commerce
Authors: Van Nostrand Albert D.
Published: May 2024

This article is the first in a series of two on the businessman in American fiction. In this one, the author, an associate professor of English at Brown University, builds perspective for the subject by comparing William Dean Howells’ The Rise of Silas Lapham with John Marquand’s Point of No Return, finding the difference in the “fact of naturalism,” which peculiarly reflected actual events. The sequel will consider several recent well-known novels.
Creative Activities for Observing the Lincoln Sesquicentennial
Authors: Jewett Arno
Published: May 2024

The many suggestions in this article will be helpful to teachers planning to take advantage of the Lincoln Sesquicentennial in motivating class work. Mr. Jewett is Specialist in Language Arts for the U. S. Office of Education.
After Marquand, the Deluge
Authors: Van Nostrand Albert D.
Published: May 2024

In last month’s issue Professor Van Nostrand analyzed William Dean Howells’ The Rise of Silas Lapham and John Marquand’s Point of No Return as landmarks in economic fiction. This second of two articles deals with five widelyread novels, for the study of which Point of No Return offers a point of departure. Mr. Van Nostrand is an associate professor of English at Brown University.
Stimulating Reading in the Junior High School
Authors: Johnson Eric W.
Published: May 2024

The head of the Junior High School, Germantown Friends School, Philadelphia, discusses some of the means his school uses to upgrade the quantity and quality of students’ individual reading.
Coordinating Composition in High School and College
Authors: Grommon Alfred H.
Published: May 2024

What is good preparation for written composition work in college? What plans are being tried for more effectively articulating high school and college teaching of writing? This article deals with these questions on a national basis. Dr. Grommon is an associate professor of English and education at Stanford University and an associate director of the NCTE’s Commission on the English Curriculum.
Engineers, Rtomic Energy, and English
Authors: Landreman Dolores
Published: May 2024

This article should boost the morale of many English teachers—and perhaps of their students, tool English is important, even in the atomic energy field! Take the word of a former English teacher in the Appleton, Wisconsin, SeniorHigh School who is now a technical writer for the Goodyear Atomic Corporation, Portsmouth, Ohio
Wuthering Heights Revisited
Authors: Goldstone Herbert
Published: May 2024

Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is now rather widely read and taught in senior high schools. This analysis is concerned with the sources of the novel’s “extraordinary force.” Mr. Goldstone, an associate professor of English at the State University Teachers College, Cortland, New York, edits the “Language and Literature” column which appears each month in the Journal.
Teachers’ Attitudes toward Current Usage
Authors: Womack Thurston
Published: May 2024

The findings of the studies reported in this article and in the one that follows may be somewhat startling to many readers. Apparently, as the author of this article points out, the “battle of usage” has not been won. Mr. Womack is an associate professor, Language Arts Division, San Francisco State College
Writing as Self-Revelation
Authors: Cook Luella B.
Published: May 2024

This paper, which was read at the NCTE convention last November, presents a “three-dimensional” view of the teaching of written communication. Mrs. Cook is a past president of the NCTE, former consultant in secondary curriculum for the Minneapolis Public Schools, and a well-known author of textbooks for high school English.
Linguistics and Grammar
Authors: Williams Robert D.
Published: May 2024

What major linguistic principles should the high school teacher apply to the teaching of grammar? In this period of transition in the teaching of the English language, teachers will welcome this succinct analysis. Dr. Williams, a former student of C. C. Fries, is a professor of English at the Wisconsin State College, Superior, Wisconsin.
College Actions on CEEB Advanced Placement English Examination Candidates
Authors: Valley John R.
Published: May 2024

With the recent acceleration of interest in the able student, the Advanced Placement Program has received wide attention. This summary presents new information on Advanced Placement candidates in English. Mr. Valley, of the Educational Testing Service, is the program director for the College Entrance Examination Board.
The Poetry of Innocence: Notes on E. E. Cummings
Authors: Mills Ralph J.
Published: May 2024

Unique and colorful among modem poets is E. E. Cummings, who is discussed here as satirist, lyricist, and “heterodox preacher.” The author is an instructor in English at the University of Chicago. This is the third in the series on modern American poets. The final two articles will consider Carl Sandburg and T. S. Eliot.
Who Is “The Leader of the People”?: Helping Students Examine Fiction
Authors: Grommon Alfred H.
Published: May 2024

The title of this article suggests its double purpose. Steinbeck’s “The Leader of the People” is found fairly commonly in school anthologies. Mr. Grommon discusses it as a kind of case study in directing students’ reading of the short story. Mr. Grommon, an asssociate director of the NCTE’s Commission on the English Curriculm, is an associate professor of English and education at Stanford University.
Sex in the Modern Novel-A Teaching Problem
Authors: Hand Harry E.
Published: May 2024

Most high school teachers of English are aware of the problem identified here. The article outlines a “middle road” approach to the novel which includes sex experience. The author, a first lieutenant in the Air Force, is an assistant professor of English at the U. S. Air Force Academy.
The Sea--Mirror and Maker of Character in Fiction and Drama
Authors: Bluefarb Sam
Published: May 2024

The author, a former seaman, writes feelingly of the sea where “once again man comes face to face with his fundamental loneliness,” and refers to several wellknown novels and plays. Mr. Bluefarb teaches English at the senior high school and junior college in San Pedro, California.
The Metatextbook Factor in Writing
Authors: Adler John C.
Published: May 2024

“Are we teaching writing backward?” is the question posed in this article. No use to try to explaini n a headnote “metatextbook factor” or “creative unconscious,” which the author thinks is at the heart of the matter–you will have to read the article! Mr. Adler teaches at the George F. Baker High School, Tuxedo Park, New York.
The Theme’s the Thing
Authors: Fidone William G.
Published: May 2024

Many teachers have recognized the need for a way of providing unity in the “outside reading” of students. Mr. Fidone, chairman of the English Department in the Bronxville, New York, High School, has gained such unity in his classes of able twelfth grade students through a series of thematic reading units. His themes and titles should be helpful to other teachers.
Getting Used to T. S. Eliot
Authors: Smith Grover
Published: May 2024

Concluding that “It is a case of the ‘form’ becoming the ‘message,’ of there being no difference between what the poetry says and what it means; Eliot makes us experience what he is talking about,” this article furnishes a penetrating preparation for the rereading of one of the greatest living poets. Dr. Smith, author of T. S. Eliot’s Poetry and Plays: A Study mn Sources and Meaning (Chicago, 1956), is an assistant professor of English at Duke University.
Programs for the Academically Talented in English: What Are the Gains?
Authors: Sauer Edwin H.
Published: May 2024

Is the Advanced Placement Program effective? What are its advantages? The author, a member of the faculty of the Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, writes from experience in teaching Advanced Placement classes at Walnut Hills High School, Cincinnati, and at Newton High School, Newtonville, Massachusetts. In addition, Dr. Sauers erved on the Advanced Placement Composition Committee for five years.
Toward Maturity in Judging Fiction: An Approach to Schaefer’s Shane
Authors: Dunning A. Stephen
Published: May 2024

Most teachers would agree that the prospect of teaching the novel to low-ability ninth graders is formidable. How one teacher met the challenge is described here. When this article was written, Mr. Dunning was teaching at the Florida High School, Tallahassee, Florida. After receiving his Ph.D. in English education at the Florida State University last June, he was appointed as an assistant professor of English education at Duke University.
Teaching Writing in the Junior High School
Authors: Grose Lois M.
Published: May 2024

The renewed emphasis on better articulation of the English program from level to level has made clearer the fact that the junior high school is often a no-man’s land. As a contribution to better definition of English in the junior high school, the Journal has solicited articles on various phases of the program from outstanding teachers and supervisors. This compact article presents an overview as well as specific detail. Miss Grose is Senior Supervisor of the Language Arts in the Pittsburgh Public Schools.
We Aire Trying Conferences
Authors: Emig Janet
Published: May 2024

How can the teaching of writing in the high school be made more effective? This article, as well as the following two, is addressed to this question. A system of individual conferences furnishes one answer for the teachers in the Wyoming, Ohio, High School in which Miss Emig teaches. Wyoming is a suburb of Cincinnati.
The Composition-Reading Manchine
Authors: van Schaick Sally
Published: May 2024

For several years schools have been experimenting with plans in which educated lay persons, usually housewives, assist teachers with the reading of student compositions. No objective evaluation of the results is possible yet, but this article presents the personal evaluation of a “lay reader” who is also a part-time high school English teacher in Schenectady, New York.
Humanities through Television
Authors: Goldstein Miriam
Published: May 2024

Journal readers may remember that the September 1959 issue carried a review in “The Public Arts” of An Introduction to the Humanities, twelve half-hour filmed lessons prepared by the Council for a Television Course in the Humanities under a grant from the Fund for the Advancement of Education. In this article Mrs. Goldstein, whose classes at Newton High School, Newtonville, Massachusetts, used the films, reports on the experience. Her report is relevant not only to a specific experiment but also to television instruction in English generally.
Grammar or Gramarye?
Authors: Sledd James
Published: May 2024

This is an angry but significant article. Though it was inspired by a specific article in another magazine, Professor Sledd’s essay has general importance as a statement of the position of the structural linguist. Dr. Sledd, a Ph.D. from the University of Texas and a Rhodes Scholar, has published widely in the fields of language history and language structure. His latest book is A Short Introduction to English Grammar. A member of the faculty at Northwestern University, he is a visiting professor this year at the University of Ceylon.
Literature: the Reader’s Role
Authors: Rosenblatt Louise M.
Published: May 2024

Dr. Rosenblatt reminds us that “Literature equals book plus reader.” Perceptive teaching of literature must avoid over-concern with either the work as such or the personal responses of the reader. Dr. Rosenblatt, author of the well-known Literature as Exploration, is a professor of English education at New York University. This article is based on an address given at the 1959 convention of the National Council of Teachers of English.
The Teaching of Early? American Literature
Authors: Friedrich Gerhard
Published: May 2024

For those high school and junior college teachers who consider a historical survey of American literature important, the early literature has been a chronic problem. Dr. Friedrich discusses here the difficulties and opportunities it presents, and proposes an enlargement of the concept of early American literature. Dr. Friedrich is the head of the Department of English at Cedar Crest College, Allentown, Pennsylvania.
More Sources of Free and Inexpensive Materials
Authors: Searles John R.
Published: May 2024

This is the sixth annual list compiled by Dr. Searles, professor of English and education at the University of Wisconsin. Readers are asked to refer to the Journal when ordering from the list. Reprints of this list, as well as of the 1959 list, are available from the NCTE, 508 South Sixth Street, Champaign, Illinois, at 20 cents.
Reporting Speeches: A Writing Unit
Authors: Levinson David
Published: May 2024

This discussion of a journalism unit which emphasizes reporting of speeches is especially timely during a Presidential campaign Mr. Levinson, a former newspaperr
eporter, teaches English and journalism at the Enterprise High School, Redding, California.
Fiftieth Anniversary issue: “… So Proud You Could Pop!”
Authors: Person Tom
Published: May 2024

Mr. Person is not only a distinguished writer of fiction for young people but also a successful teacher of creative writing at the Bay High School, Panama City, Florida. Here he discusses his work, offering much interesting advice on writing as well as on teaching writing. Among his well-known books are The Land and the Water, Bar-Face, and Trouble on the Trace.
Fiftieth Anniversary Issue: The Potential of Speech in the English Program
Authors: French Ruth E.
Published: May 2024

A great majority of English teachers have accepted the responsibility for providing training in oral communication. Here, Miss French outlines some rich possibilities for incorporating such training in the regular English program. For some years Miss French has directed speech and drama work at the Atlantic City, New Jersey, High School. She is now, in additiona, chairman of the English Department and the instructor of the accelerated senior English class.
Fiftieth Anniversary Issue: Creative Language Experiences in the High School
Authors: Sheridan Marion C.
Published: May 2024

What is creativity and how can it be promoted? The author answers this question by defining a challenging approach to creativity in the study of English. Dr. Sheridan, a past president of the NCTE, is chairman of the English Department in the Hillhouse High School, New Haven, Connecticut.
Fiftieth Anniversary Issue: Stepsisters of Print: The Public Arts in the High School English Class
Authors: Maloney Henry B.
Published: May 2024

Growing realization of the English teacher’s role in dealing with the mass media of communication is one of the most important of recent trends. This article traces English teachers’ attitudes toward the mass media as reflected in The English Journal, and sets forth some recommendations for effective approaches to mass media. Mr. Maloney, who is a candidate for the Ph.D. degree at Columbia University, teaches at the Southeastern High School in Detroit.
This World of English: The Profession
Authors: Tovatt Anthony L. , Jewett Arno
Published: May 2024

As a salute to the Golden Anniversary Convention, the editors have prepared a unique feature. Dr. Tovatt reports on some of the pronouncements on high school English appearing in the major educational journals of fifty years ago. Finding remarkable relevance to the current scene, Dr. Jewett reviews significant articles from the Journal’s first dozen years.
College Support for the High School English Teacher: The Indiana Joint Statement
Authors: Gray Donald J.
Published: May 2024

Efforts to achieve a closer articulation among school levels have been accelerated recently across the country. An interesting contribution to articulation has been made by the English departments of the state-supported colleges and universities in Indiana. The production and content of the “Indiana Joint Statement” is described here by the director of Freshman English at Indiana University. Copies of the statement may be had free from the Department of English at Indiana University, Bloomington; Purdue University, Lafayette; Ball State Teachers College, Muncie; Indiana State Teachers College, Terre Haute.
To the Gallows with You, Miss Zilch
Authors: Warner John F.
Published: May 2024

Mr. Warner’s first article for the Journal, published in October 1959, proved to be the most controversial in several years. The article, which attacked recent anthologies for use in high schools, drew a deluge of letters and telegrams. Mr. Warner, who teaches at the Longmeadow, Massachusetts, High School, describes and classifies these responses in this article and briefly restates his original thesis.
Effects of Sustainable Development Goals on Poverty Reduction, Water and Sanitation in Nigeria during the Pandemic Era
Authors: Ibeme Patricia , Abimboye Julius , Atuegbu Chinenye , Ibeme Chinedu , Ibeme Arinze
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the profound effect of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on poverty reduction, water and sanitation in the context of the pandemic era in Nigeria. As high-profile academia and bureaucrats seek to navigate the intricate landscape of development policy and practice, understanding the interplay between the SDGs, pandemic challenges, and Nigeria's socio-economic fabric becomes paramount. The study adopted documentary research design method through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis. Findings from the study show that, good strides have been made in the domestication process of the SDGs in Nigeria. Nigeria has developed its home-grown ‘Integrated Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Model) the model includes; empowerment, conditional cash transfers and vocational training, trader-moni, Market-moni, ANCOR borrowers programme of CBN. Finding from the study shows that between 2015–2021, over 10.5 million Nigerians were lifted out of poverty through empowerment, conditional cash transfers and vocational training, President Muhammadu Buhari revealed that, government has lifted 10.5 million Nigerians out of poverty in the last two years. Buhari revealed that, those lifted out of poverty include farmers, artisans, market women, and small-scale traders. Finding from the study shows that, Seven hundred thirty-two (732) waters and sanitation related projects were executed, while Finding from the study shows that, 616 classrooms and other educational facilities were built or renovated. It was further showing that, a key challenge confronting the country has to do with Out-of- School-Children, a demographic challenge that relates to interplay between employment (SDG-8), education (SDG-4), poverty (SDG-1) and the digital economy (SDG-17). The study recommends thatThe government should encourage Sustainable Development Initiatives. The government should integrate sustainable development practices into policies and initiatives related to poverty reduction, water, and sanitation. Promote the use of renewable energy, encourage sustainable agricultural practices, and prioritize the conservation of natural resources. The government should support the development of eco-friendly technologies and solutions to minimize the environmental impact of development efforts. The government should expand social protection programs to support vulnerable populations, including the poor, elderly, and informal workers, by providing cash transfers, food assistance, and healthcare services. Implement targeted programs that reach those most in need, using technology and data to identify and assist marginalized communities Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, Covid-19 pandemic, poverty reduction, water and sanitation, Nigeria.
Colonial Destruction of Extractive and Manufacturing Industries, and the Spirit of Trade and Commerce in Southern Kaduna-Nigeria, 1900-1960
Authors: Mallam Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

Southern Kaduna refers to all the non-Hausa-Fulani autochthonous language groups in Kaduna State of Nigeria. They do not form a geo-political entity, but a social and geo-cultural one. In spatial terms, the region covers the geo-linguistic and cultural entity of that was commonly referred to as Southern Zaria or Southern Division or “Pagan Division” of Zaria Province, with parts of former Bauchi, Niger, Nasarawa and Plateau Provinces. Southern Kaduna is not a geo-political expression; but the culture-complex sub-region, which together with Jos Plateau and the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, form the heartland of Nigeria. Southern Kaduna is situated within the central high plains of Central Nigeria and is located between Hausa land and the Niger/Benue Valley. It is located between Longitude 70 45' 20"N to 80 30' 15"N and Latitude 90 01' 34"E to 100 57' 30"E