bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DBU‐Catalyzed Selective Isomerization of Unsaturated Alcohols to the Synthesis of Diversified Ketones
Authors: Qi Hongbo , Bai Yunlong , Ren Yanru , Yuan Xingyu , Chen Shufeng
Published: May 2023

A convenient and straightforward DBU‐catalyzed selective isomerization of unsaturated alcohols for the construction of ketone scaffolds through a sequential deprotonation, hydrogen transfer and protonation process has been described. Control experiments demonstrate that the isomerization of propargyl alcohol can not be attributed to the Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement mechanism. In addition, substrates containing both allylic alcohol and propargyl alcohol structures can be selectively isomerized to afford the dibenzylideneacetones using this method.
Direct Evidence for Synchronicity between Rotation along Cα−C′ and Pyramidalization of C′ in Amides
Authors: Banerjee Shreya , Gupta Sunil K. , Prabhakaran Erode N.
Published: May 2023

In amides, the presence of sinusoidal synchronicity between rotational motion along Cα−C′ σ‐bond (τ rotation) and the concomitant pyramidalization of C′ (θ) is evidenced for the first time in solution. Temperature‐dependent 1H NMR and DFT simulations on suitable amide models (iBui−−Proi−Xaai+1−OMe; iBu is isobutyryl) reveal the perturbation in synchronicity when τ‐rotation is ‘locked’ with interactions, resulting in a strain on the amide bond, which influences a decrease in energy barrier for the amide bond cis/trans isomerism by ∼1.68 kcal/mol.
Rumour type matters: The effect of different types of rumours on coping, subjective well‐being, and interpersonal trust during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jiang Xinying , Zhang Nan , Sun Xiaomin , Yang Shuting , Dong Mengxi , Yuan Yue , Lin Yiqin , Liu Zhenzhen , Zhu Yiming , Zhao Qi
Published: May 2023

Rumours circulated quickly online and offline during the COVID‐19 pandemic, but empirical research on the subject is limited. Combining qualitative (Study 1, content analysis was conducted on 2344 actual rumours extracted from a rumour‐refuting website) and quantitative methods (Study 2, a three‐wave study with 10‐day intervals), the current study suggests that (1) rumours during the pandemic can be categorised into three types, that is, wish, dread, and aggression rumours, and (2) exposure to different types of rumours is associated with coping consequences, subjective well‐being (comprising positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction), and interpersonal trust in different ways. Generally, wish rumours seem benign, while dread and aggression rumours are malicious. Specifically, wish rumours are believed to assist coping and to be positively associated with positive affect and interpersonal trust. In contrast, dread rumours are believed not to assist coping and to be marginally significantly and positively associated with negative affect and negatively associated with interpersonal trust. Meanwhile, aggression rumours are believed not to assist coping and are marginally significantly and positively associated with negative affect. All other relationships are nonsignificant. The results of the current study will help national governments and international agencies design and evaluate rumour control strategies and policies.
Three‐in‐One Oncolytic Adenovirus System Initiates a Synergetic Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Immune‐Suppressive Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Jialun , Zhu Yun , Chen Yu , Huang Ying , Guo Qiyuan , Wang Yue , Chen Aotian , Zhou Yue , Xu Lei , Wang Lei , Zou Xiaoping , Li Xihan
Published: May 2023

Although photodynamic immunotherapy has been promoted in the clinical practice of cholangiocarcinoma, the insensitivity to photodynamic immunotherapy remains to be a great problem. This can be largely attributed to an immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) manifested as immature myeloid cells and exhausted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here, a three‐in‐one oncolytic adenovirus system PEG‐PEI‐Adv‐Catalase‐KillerRed (p‐Adv‐CAT‐KR) has been constructed to multiply, initiate, and enhance immune responses in photodynamic immunotherapy, using genetically‐engineered KillerRed as photosensitizer, catalase as in situ oxygen‐supplying mediator, and adenovirus as immunostimulatory bio‐reproducible carrier. Meanwhile, PEG‐PEI is applied to protect adenovirus from circulating immune attack. The administration of p‐Adv‐CAT‐KR induces increased antigen presenting cells, elevated T cell infiltrations, and reduced tumor burden. Further investigation into underlying mechanism indicates that hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (Hif‐1α) and its downstream PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway contribute to the transformation of immune‐suppressive TME in cholangiocarcinoma. Collectively, the combination of KillerRed, catalase, and adenovirus brings about multi‐amplified antitumor photo‐immunity and has the potential to be an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma.
In Vivo NIR‐II Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Whole‐Body Vascular Using High Quantum Yield Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Yongwei , Hu Jie , Wang Peiyuan , Yang Hongyi , Liang Sisi , Chen Dejian , Xu Kunyuan , Huang Yingping , Wang Qinglai , Liu Xiaolong , Zhu Haomiao
Published: May 2023

Second near infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence lifetime imaging is a powerful tool for biosensing, anti‐counterfeiting, and multiplex imaging. However, the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of fluorescence probes in NIR‐II region limits its data collecting efficiency and accuracy, especially in multiplex molecular imaging in vivo. To solve this problem, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (NPs) β‐NaErF4: 2%Ce@NaYbF4@NaYF4 with high PLQY and tunable PL lifetime through multi‐ion doping and core–shell structural design, are presented. The obtained internal PLQY can reach up to 50.1% in cyclohexane and 9.2% in water under excitation at 980 nm. Inspired by the above results, a fast NIR‐II fluorescence lifetime imaging of whole‐body vascular in mice is successfully performed by using the homebuilt fluorescence lifetime imaging system, which reveals a murine abdominal capillary network with low background. A further demonstration of fluorescence lifetime multiplex imaging is carried out in molecular imaging of atherosclerosis cells and different organs in vivo through NPs conjugating with specific peptides and different injection modalities, respectively. These results demonstrate that the high PLQY NPs combined with the homebuilt fluorescence lifetime imaging system can realize a fast and high signal‐to‐noise fluorescence lifetime imaging; thus, opening a road for multiplex molecular imaging of atherosclerosis.
Series of Halogen Engineered Ni(OH)2 Nanosheet for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage with High Energy Density
Authors: Hao Jiangyu , Yan Lijin , Zou Xuefeng , Bai Youcun , Han Yuying , Zhu Chong , Zhou Yang , Xiang Bin
Published: May 2023

Ni(OH)2 nanosheet, acting as a potential active material for supercapacitors, commonly suffers from sluggish reaction kinetics and low intrinsic conductivity, which results in suboptimal energy density and long cycle life. Herein, a convenient electrochemical halogen functionalization strategy is applied for the preparation of mono/bihalogen engineered Ni(OH)2 electrode materials. The theoretical calculations and experimental results found that thanks to the extraordinarily high electronegativity, optimal reversibility, electronic conductivity, and reaction kinetics could be achieved through F functionalization . However, benefiting from the largest ionic radius, INi(OH)2 contributes the best specific capacity and morphology transformation, which is a new finding that distinguishes it from previous reports in the literature. The exploration of the interaction effect of halogens (F, INi(OH)2, F, BrNi(OH)2, and Cl, INi(OH)2) manifests that F, INi(OH)2 delivers a higher specific capacity of 200.6 mAh g−1 and an excellent rate capability of 58.2% due to the weaker electrostatic repulsion, abundant defect structure, and large layer spacing. Moreover, the F, INi(OH)2//FeOOH@NrGO device achieves a high energy density of 97.4 Wh kg−1 and an extremely high power density of 32426.7 W kg−1, as well as good cycling stability. This work develops a pioneering tactic for designing energy storage materials to meet various demands.
Selective Cocatalyst Decoration of Narrow‐Bandgap Broken‐Gap Heterojunction for Directional Charge Transfer and High Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Li Jingwei , Fang Hongli , Wu Mengqi , Ma Churong , Lian Ruqian , Jiang San Ping , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal , Rui Zebao
Published: May 2023

Narrow‐bandgap semiconductors are promising photocatalysts facing the challenges of low photoredox potentials and high carrier recombination. Here, a broken‐gap heterojunction Bi/Bi2S3/Bi/MnO2/MnOx, composed of narrow‐bandgap semiconductors, is selectively decorated by Bi, MnOx nanodots (NDs) to achieve robust photoredox ability. The Bi NDs insertion at the Bi2S3/MnO2 interface induces a vertical carrier migration to realize sufficient photoredox potentials to produce O2•− and •OH active species. The surface decoration of Bi2S3/Bi/MnO2 by Bi and MnOx cocatalysts drives electrons and holes in opposite directions for optimal photogenerated charge separation. The selective cocatalysts decoration realizes synergistic surface and bulk phase carrier separation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that Bi and MnOx NDs act as active sites enhancing the absorption and reactants activation. The decorated broken‐gap heterojunction demonstrates excellent performance for full‐light driving organic pollution degradation with great commercial application potential.
Enriched Fe Doped on Amorphous Shell Enable Crystalline@Amorphous Core–Shell Nanorod Highly Efficient Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Sheng Hongbin , Qu Hao , Zeng Biao , Li Yanxin , Xia Chenghui , Li Can , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: May 2023

The rational design of efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with sluggish kinetics, is imperative to diverse clean energy technologies. The performance of electrocatalyst is usually governed by the number of active sites on the surface. Crystalline/amorphous heterostructure has exhibited unique properties and opens new paradigms toward designing electrocatalysts with abundant active sites for improved performance. Hence, Fe doped Ni–Co phosphite (Fe‐NiCoHPi) electrocatalyst with cauliflower‐like structure, comprising crystalline@amorphous core–shell nanorod, is reported. The experiments uncover that Fe is enriched in the amorphous shell due to the flexibility of the amorphous component. Further density functional theory calculations indicate that the strong electronic interaction between the enriched Fe in the amorphous shell and crystalline core host at the core–shell interface, leads to balanced binding energies of OER intermediates, which is the origin of the catalyst‐activity. Eventually, the Fe‐NiCoHPi exhibits remarkable activity, with low overpotentials of only 206 and 257 mV at current density of 15 and 100 mA cm−2. Unceasing durability over 90 h is achieved, which is superior to the effective phosphate electrocatalysts. Although the applications at high current remain challenges , this work provides an approach for designing advanced OER electrocatalysts for sustainable energy devices.
Nanotransducer‐Enabled Wireless Spatiotemporal Tuning of Engineered Bacteria in Bumblebee
Authors: Cheng Xiaowen , Wang Chen , Yang Junzhu , Liu Dong , Liao Yuting , Wang Bin , Han Sanyang , Zhang Xue , Zheng Hao , Lu Yuan
Published: May 2023

Bumblebees are essential pollinators of wild‐flowering plants and crops. It is noticed that regulating the gut microorganisms of bumblebees is of great significance for the maintenance of bumblebee health and disease treatment. Additionally, social bees are used as models to study regulatory control methods of gut bacteria in vivo. However, these methods lack precision and are not studied in bumblebees. In this study, nanotransducers are used for wireless spatiotemporal tuning of engineered bacteria in bumblebees. These nanotransducers are designed as 1D chains with smooth surfaces for easy transport in vivo, and temperature‐controlled engineered bacteria colonize the guts of microbial‐free bumblebees. Thermal production in the bumblebee gut is achieved using magnetothermal and photothermal methods in response to nanotransducers, resulting in significant target protein upregulation in engineered bacteria in the bumblebee gut. This advanced technology enables the precise control of engineered bacteria in the bumblebee gut. It also lays the foundation for the treatment of bumblebee intestinal parasitic diseases and the elimination of pesticide residues.
Evolution of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity Induced by Charge Segregation in Atomically Precise AuAg Nanoclusters Based on Icosahedral M13 Unit 3D Assembly
Authors: Hu Jiashen , Zhou Manman , Li Kang , Yao Aimin , Wang Yan , Zhu Qingtao , Zhou Yanting , Huang Liu , Pei Yong , Du Yuanxin , Jin Shan , Zhu Manzhou
Published: May 2023

The precise self‐assembly of building blocks at atomic level provides the opportunity to achieve clusters with advanced catalytic properties. However, most of the current self‐assembled materials are fabricated by 1/2D assembly of blocks. High dimensional (that is, 3D) assembly is widely believed to improve the performance of cluster. Herein, the effect of 3D assembly on the activity for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is investigated by using a range of clusters (Au8Ag55, Au8Ag57, Au12Ag60) based on 3D assembly of M13 unit as models. Although three clusters have almost the same sizes and geometric structures, Au8Ag55 exhibits the best CO2RR performance due to the strong CO2 adsorption capacity and effective inhibition of H2 evolution competition reaction. The deep insight into the superior activity of Au8Ag55 is the unique electronic structure attributed to the charge segregation. This study not only demonstrates that the assembly mode greatly affects the catalytic activity, but also offers an idea for rational designing and precisely constructing catalysts with controllable activities.
High Capacity Li2S–Li2O–LiI Positive Electrodes with Nanoscale Ion‐Conduction Pathways for All‐Solid‐State Li/S Batteries
Authors: Fujita Yushi , Sakuda Atsushi , Hasegawa Yuki , Deguchi Minako , Motohashi Kota , Jiong Ding , Tsukasaki Hirofumi , Mori Shigeo , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi
Published: May 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur (Li/S) batteries are promising next‐generation energy‐storage devices owing to their high capacities and long cycle lives. The Li2S active material used in the positive electrode has a high theoretical capacity; consequently, nanocomposites composed of Li2S, solid electrolytes, and conductive carbon can be used to fabricate high‐energy‐density batteries. Moreover, the active material should be constructed with both micro‐ and nanoscale ion‐conduction pathways to ensure high power. Herein, a Li2S–Li2O–LiI positive electrode is developed in which the active material is dispersed in an amorphous matrix. Li2S–Li2O–LiI exhibits high charge–discharge capacities and a high specific capacity of 998 mAh g−1 at a 2 C rate and 25 °C. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy observation suggest that Li2O–LiI provides nanoscale ion‐conduction pathways during cycling that activate Li2S and deliver large capacities; it also exhibits an appropriate onset oxidation voltage for high capacity. Furthermore, a cell with a high areal capacity of 10.6 mAh cm–2 is demonstrated to successfully operate at 25 °C using a Li2S–Li2O–LiI positive electrode. This study represents a major step toward the commercialization of all‐solid‐state Li/S batteries.
Defect‐engineered Sulfur Vacancy Modified NiCo2S4‐x Nanosheet Anchoring Polysulfide for Improved Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dai Xin , Wang Xu , Lv Guangjun , Wu Zhen , Liu Yan , Sun Junjie , Liu Yongning , Chen Yuanzhen
Published: May 2023

The low conductivity of sulfur and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are the two intrinsic obstacles that limit the application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a sulfur vacancy introduced NiCo2S4 nanosheet array grown on carbon nanofiber (CNF) membrane (NiCo2S4‐x/CNF) is proposed to serve as a self‐supporting and binder‐free interlayer in LSBs. The conductive CNF skeleton with a non‐woven structure can effectively reduce the resistance of the cathode and accommodate volume expansion during charge–discharge process. The bonding between CNF matrix and NiCo2S4 nanosheet is enhanced by in situ growth, ensuring fast electron transfer. Besides, the sulfur vacancies in NiCo2S4 enhance the chemisorption of LiPSs, and the highly active sites at vacancies can accelerate the LiPSs conversion kinetics. LSB paired with NiCo2S4‐x/CNF interlayer achieved improved stability in 500 cycles at 0.2 C and long life of 3000 cycles at 3 C. More importantly, a high areal capacity of 9.69 mAh cm−2 is achieved with a sulfur loading of 10.8 mg cm−2 and a low electrolyte to sulfur (E/S) ratio of 4.8. This work provides insight into the sulfur vacancy in catalysis design for LiPSs conversion and demonstrates a promising direction for electronic defect engineering in material design for LSBs.
Spatiotemporal Catalytic Nanozymes Microneedle Patches with Opposite Properties for Wound Management
Authors: Shan Jingyang , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Wang Lianhui , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: May 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated biological catalysis involves serial programmed enzymatic reactions and plays an important part against infectious diseases; while the spatiotemporal control of catalytic treatment to break the limitations of the disease microenvironment is challenging. Here, a novel spatiotemporal catalytic microneedles patch (CMSP‐MNs) integrated with dual‐effective Cu2MoS4 (CMS) and polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (NPs) for breaking microenvironment restrictions to treat wound infections is designed. Since CMS NPs are loaded in the needles, CMSP‐MNs can catalytically generate diverse ROS to cause effective bacterial inactivation during bacterial infection process. Besides, PDA NPs are encapsulated in the backing layer, which facilitate ROS elimination and oxygen production for solving hypoxic problems in wound microenvironment and alleviating the expression of inflammatory factors during the inflammation process. Based on these features, it is demonstrated through cell and animal experiments that these nanozymes‐integrated MNs patches can realize selective regulation of ROS level with bacterial inactivation and inflammatory treatment, resulting in minimized side effects of over‐production ROS and effective anti‐infected treatment. It is believed that the presented MNs can provide a new therapeutic strategy with spatiotemporal adjustable catalytic properties in biomedical areas.
Tunable Afterglow and Self‐Trapped Exciton Emissions in Zr (IV)‐Based Organic–Inorganic Metal Halide Hybrids by Metal‐Ion Doping
Authors: Li Zhilin , Cao Mengyan , Rao Zhihui , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: May 2023

Low‐dimensional hybrid metal halide (LDHMH) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their intriguing optical properties. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first study to successfully demonstrate both self‐trap exciton (STE) and afterglow emissions in Zr‐based LDHMH materials. The obtained pure (Ph3S)2ZrCl6 crystals showed near‐ultraviolet phosphorescence and a green afterglow owing to the organic cation Ph3S+, while the Bi‐doped and Sb‐doped crystals exhibited both STE and afterglow emissions. However, the Te‐doped crystals showed only a broad yellow STE emission owing to the [TeCl6]2− octahedron. In addition, all the crystals showed good stability. Notably, Sb‐doped crystals produced white light, which can be adjusted between cold white and warm white using different excitations. Finally, this strategy for both STE and afterglow emissions can be applied to other LDHMH materials for optical applications.
Electrochemistry of Titanium Carbide MXenes in Supercapacitor
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Wang Yichen , Chen George Z.
Published: May 2023

Novel electrode materials are always explored to achieve better performance of supercapacitors. Titanium carbide MXenes, Ti3C2Tx, are one of the very promising candidates for electrode materials in supercapacitors due to their unique structural and ion storage properties as 2D materials. Their large specific surface area, adjustable functionalized surface terminals, high electrical conductivities, hydrophilicity, and high Faradaic capacitance, also known widely but confusingly as pseudocapacitance, are highly desirable for making high‐performance electrodes with increased dis‐/charging rates and capacities. Herein, some selective electrochemical considerations of Ti3C2Tx MXenes for uses in supercapacitors are critically reviewed and assessed, aiming at a better fundamental understanding of the electrochemical basics and processes in Ti3C2Tx MXene‐based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
Structure Design and Processing Strategies of MXene‐Based Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Oliveira Filipa M. , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Wang Xuehang , Yu Minghao , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: May 2023

The development of new materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is an important area of research, as it allows for the creation of more effective and high‐efficient shielding solutions. In this sense, MXenes, a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides have exhibited promising performances as EMI shielding materials. Electric conductivity, low density, and flexibility are some of the properties given by MXene materials, which make them very attractive in the field. Different processing techniques have been employed to produce MXene‐based materials with EMI shielding properties. This review summarizes processes and the role of key parameters like the content of fillers and thickness in the desired EMI shielding performance. It also discusses the determination of power coefficients in defining the EMI shielding mechanism and the concept of green shielding materials, as well as their influence on the real application of a produced material. The review concludes with a summary of current challenges and prospects in the production of MXene materials as EMI shields.
Equine Hoof Wall Deformation: Novel Aspects Revealed
Authors: Lazarus Benjamin S. , Luu Rachel K. , Ruiz-Pérez Samuel , Barbosa Josiane D. V. , Jasiuk Iwona , Meyers Marc A.
Published: May 2023

The equine hoof wall has a unique hierarchical structure that allows it to survive high‐impact scenarios. Previous authors have explored the compressive, viscoelastic, and fracture control properties of the hoof wall and suggested that this complex structure plays a vital role in the hoof's behavior. However, the link between the structure and the behavior of the hoof wall has been made primarily with the use of post‐fracture analysis. Here, periodic microcomputed tomography scans are used to observe the temporal behavior of the hoof's meso and microstructures during compression, fracture, and relaxation. These results shed light on the structural anisotropy of the hoof wall and how its hollow tubules behave when compressed in different directions, at different hydration levels, and in various locations within the hoof wall. The behavior of tubule bridges during compression is also reported for the first time. This study elucidates several fracture phenomena, including the way cracks are deflected at tubule interfaces and tubule bridging, tubule arresting, and fiber bridging. Finally, relaxation tests are used to show how the tubule cavities can regain their shape after compression.
Fluoroalkylations and Fluoroalkenylations with Iodonium Salts
Authors: Béke Ferenc , Csenki János T. , Novák Zoltán
Published: May 2023

Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl and fluoroalkenyliodonium salts are summarized in this account article, focusing preferably to the reagents designed in our laboratory in the last decade. Among these reagents trifluoroethyl(aryl)iodonium salts have been used most frequently to build carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds in simple nucleophilic substitutions and through transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions. Iodonium salts equipped with unsaturated fluorinated function showed diverse reactivity due to their electron deficient character, and these molecular motifs enable cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions to prepare fluorinated carbo‐ and heterocyclic molecules. Beyond the overview of existing transformations, with the presented collection, we aim to inspire future developments of iodonium reagents and their application in organic synthesis.
Playing with Words: Using Playful Learning Experiences in the Early Childhood Classroom to Build Vocabulary
Authors: Masters Allyson Strmiska , Scott Molly E. , Wright Charlotte A. , Spiewak Toub Tamara , Dickinson David K. , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy
Published: May 2023

Shared book reading is a common and effective way to support vocabulary knowledge. However, it is not the only pedagogy for supporting this learning goal. We propose a “toolbox” of activities that teachers can use to foster vocabulary acquisition in young children. We first discuss the science behind why these activities are effective (they are active, engaging, meaningful, socially interactive, iterative, and joyful), and then give examples of playful learning experiences that have been effectively used in classroom vocabulary interventions. Finally, we offer ways in which these activities can be easily adapted to help educators reach vocabulary‐teaching goals in their own classrooms.
Effect of mode of delivery on perinatal outcome in severe preterm birth: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Demertzidou E. , Chatzakis C. , Cavoretto P. , Sarafidis K. , Eleftheriades M. , Gerede A. , Dinas K. , Sotiriadis A.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To review the evidence on the effect of mode of delivery on perinatal outcome of fetuses born before 32 weeks' gestation.

Methods

MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the
ClinicalTrials.gov registry and gray literature sources were searched, starting from the year 2000 to reflect contemporary practice in perinatal care. Non‐randomized or randomized studies that included singleton fetuses without chromosomal abnormality or major congenital defect delivered vaginally or via Cesarean section were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Primary outcomes were neonatal death, defined as death in the first 28 days of age, and survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes were other adverse perinatal events. The ROBINS‐I tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence for the outcomes was assessed according to GRADE. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated, and random‐effects models were used for data synthesis. Subgroup analysis was performed for delivery before 28 weeks, delivery between 28 and 32 weeks and according to fetal presentation at delivery.

Results

A total of 27 retrospective studies (22 887 neonates) were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis, all of which reported on singleton pregnancies. Among cases born before 28 weeks, vaginal delivery significantly increased the risk of neonatal death of fetuses with any type of presentation (n = 1496) (OR 1.87 (95% CI, 1.05–3.35); I2 = 65%, very low quality of evidence) and of fetuses with breech presentation (n = 733) (OR 3.55 (95% CI, 2.42–5.21); I2 = 21%, moderate quality of evidence). The odds of survival to discharge were significantly decreased among fetuses with breech presentation delivered before 28 weeks (n = 646) (OR 0.36 (95% CI, 0.24–0.54); I2 = 21%, low quality of evidence). Among breech fetuses born between 28 and 32 weeks, vaginal delivery increased the odds of perinatal death (intrapartum and neonatal) (n = 1581) (OR 3.06 (95% CI, 1.47–6.35); I2 = 0%, high quality of evidence). In non‐cephalic fetuses born between 24 and 32 weeks, vaginal delivery decreased the odds of survival to discharge (n = 1030) (OR 0.28 (95% CI, 0.19–0.40); I2 = 0%, moderate quality of evidence). No significant effect on mortality of mode of delivery was observed in cephalic fetuses at any gestational age.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that vaginal delivery in severe preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal and perinatal death in breech fetuses, while no significant association was observed for cephalic fetuses. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Emerging themes and factors influencing the prices of biotherapeutics
Authors: Gandhi Sonia , Kashiramka Smita , Rathore Anurag S.
Published: May 2023

The high prices of biotherapeutics remain an area of concern for various national and international agencies working toward developing strategies for monitoring, evaluating, and managing the prices of medicines to promote equitable access. This paper deploys a unique study design to identify emerging themes and determine the elements influencing the price of biotherapeutics specifically biosimilars. This review is based on a bibliometric and qualitative synthesis approach to generate a new line of thinking for future studies. The findings enable knowledge assimilation for policy decisions. The results indicate that while the factors like market share, market competition, and pricing policies are extensively explored by researchers, the factors such as innovation capability, product development costs, and local factors like regulatory ecosystem can be further examined as potential influencers of prices. Further, pricing frameworks and regulations designed for generic drugs cannot be replicated to estimate the prices of biotherapeutics. As a result, policymakers must take the necessary actions to construct innovative pricing frameworks for this class of products that are in conformity with national policies, regulations, market dynamics, and economics. Moreover, studies on incentives and profit margins associated with the last‐mile delivery and accessibility of high‐cost biotherapeutics are essential for their efficient adoption.
From Unheard to Meaningful: When Music Takes Over in Film
Authors: Windisch Anna K. , Tieber Claus , Powrie Phil
Published: May 2023

This introduction lays out the focus of the book on moments in film when ‘unheard melodies’ become heard and meaningful. These filmic instances where music ‘takes over’ and the surreal often becomes the accepted filmic reality are examined in reference to two recent theoretical approaches: ‘musical moments’ (Amy Herzog) and ‘crystal songs’ (Phil Powrie). Divided up into four parts, the book’s chapters apply these two differing but overlapping theoretical concepts to their case studies and discussions. What the Musical Moment Can Do—Theoretical Approaches covers the books’ theoretical foundation by Herzog and Powrie themselves. Part two, How the Musical Moment was Created—Musical Numbers in Silent and Early Sound Cinema, discusses the history of musical numbers from silent to early sound cinema. Then, Musical Dis/Placements—Musical Moments in Global Cinema focuses on the varied manifestations of musical numbers through case studies of different national cinemas. And finally, From Romance to Dystopia looks at the social and political dimensions of musical moments embedded in contemporary cinema, with the goal of evoking further discussions of this rich and foundational filmic element.
Can You Hear the Love Tonight? Creating Cinematic Romance with Diegetic Songs
Authors: Hettich Katja
Published: May 2023

This chapter argues that ‘romance’ as a film genre is best conceived of as an affective experience provided not only by narrative but also by stylistic means. Against this background, it explores a particular type of musical moment in non-musical films: scenes that portray, reflect and shape conceptions of romantic love and create various forms of cinematic romance through the diegetic use of popular songs. Drawing from research on the physical and psychological effects of listening to music, the chapter points out in which aspects songs are placed in a special relationship with romance. Based on the assumption that diegetic song moments can be considered as communicative acts, it proposes starting points for analysing different forms of diegetic song moments. Using examples from films of the last decades, it shows how different narrative set-ups, ways of integrating diegetic songs, performance styles and diegetic audiences influence the shape of cinematic romance.
Musical Moments as Narrative and Emotional Catalysts in Three Silent Films by Jacques Feyder
Authors: Nasta Dominique
Published: May 2023

As many studies have shown, the link between cinema, psychology and music played an important role both theoretically and practically during the French avant-garde of the 1920s in the work of Delluc, Epstein, Gance, Grémillon or L’Herbier. Jacques Feyder’s three films for the Franco-Russian production company Albatros—Visagesd’enfants (1925), Gribiche (1926) and Les Nouveaux Messieurs (1928)—demonstrate his unprecedented mastery of the ‘musical moment’ both in its relationship to stories involving painful situations experienced by young children and in the way it rhythms emotion and affect. Feyder’s mise en scène and spectacular crosscutting techniques crystallise them, yoking the musical moment to a dream, or a mental image, or a simple celebration in a realist pseudo-documentary décor. This chapter elucidates these musical moments using theories related to subliminal auditory perception, deferred time intervals and baseline affective charges: the latter occur in Feyder’s silent films for which no original pre-existing accompaniment is known.
The Afterlife of Continental Romance: Musical Moments in Ichikawa Kon’s Passion Without End (1949) and Fragrance of the Night (1951)
Authors: Yamazaki Junko
Published: May 2023

Two early post-war Japanese films Hateshinaki jōnetsu (Passion without End, 1949) and Ieraishan (Fragrance of the Night, 1951), both directed by Ichikawa Kon, are romantic melodramas featuring popular songs known as ‘continental melodies’ (tairiku merodei) produced by Hattori Ryōichi and performed by transnational celebrity Yamaguchi Yoshiko. The revival of her wartime songs in post-war Japan is often regarded as part of an imperial nostalgia, hence with deep suspicion. However, two of her songs ‘Soshū yakyoku’ (‘Suzhou Serenade’) and ‘Ieraishan’ (‘Fragrance of the Night’), featured in Passion without End and Fragrance of the Night, respectively, form musical moments that highlight the tension between the sensorial appeal of the doomed romance rooted in the imperial past and the disbelief in the sustainability of such romance in early post-war Japan.
Remote Working and New Working Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Insights from EU and Abroad
Authors: Brouwer Aleid Elizabeth , Mariotti Ilaria
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rise of remote working worldwide and less central areas have become more and more attractive for these workers. Consequently, remote workers started working from home, in new working spaces, and from everywhere. These changes have affected workers’ wellbeing, and cities, peripheral are rural areas. The chapter explores why people decided to keep working remotely even after the pandemic restrictions were cancelled. Furthermore, we give an empirical snapshot of the actual situation of remote workers and how this has and will change geographical patterns. The impact of remote working on wellbeing is described, according to the literature, and some thoughts on how remote working affects the future of coworking spaces and hybrid spaces are presented.
Acceleration of Remote Work and Coworking Practices in Estonia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Piirsalu-Kivihall Kaire , Sinitsyna Anastasia , Alfieri Luca , Paas Tiiu
Published: May 2023

Estonia is a country with a small economy and a high level of digitalization that was more ready for remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic than many other countries. This paper shows how a small and flexible society with its institutions reacted to turbulent times and what developments it has brought along. We use data from Statistics Estonia and other public sources, as well as previous qualitative studies on coworking spaces in Estonia. We conclude that employees’ preferences towards hybridity and remote practices and the readiness of employers to meet them, supported by the high pre-pandemic level of digitalization and developed ICT sector, could improve the revitalization of rural and deprived regions and reduce the socioeconomic disparities across Estonia.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Influence on Coworking Spaces in Slovakia: West–East Division
Authors: Belvončíková Eva , Danko Lukáš , Rafaj Oliver
Published: May 2023

Operation of the coworking spaces (CSs) all over the world was strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including those in Slovakia. The capital city’s CSs and coworking spaces localised in non-metropolitan eastern part confirmed decline in co-worker presence that have also influenced financial aspect of the coworking spaces stability and resilience. Even though there have been several possibilities of national and local grants from public authorities, this support was not widely used and no CSs decided to contact the owners of premises in order to get rent deferrals and/or rent discounts. The pandemic also caused switch of physical events into online activities and activate those spaces located in the eastern part of the country as the number of the events in these spaces overall increased. Even the community spirit inside the CSs transformed to community events decreased due to the adaptation of government measures, cooperation outside individual CSs have strengthen and lead to establishing of formalised coworking association in Slovakia. In spite of the difficult situation the CSs have to face, many of them realised the need of adaptation and invested in ICT devices, change of already not sufficient marketing strategies but also see business opportunities as several new coworking spaces have started to operate. All these aspects point at the fact that flexible work arrangement coworking spaces offer could help to solve global economic crisis.
Synthesis and Outlook
Authors: Kolditz Olaf , Cajuhi Tuanny , Günther Ralf-Michael , Steeb Holger , Wuttke Frank , Yoshioka Keita , Grunwald Norbert , Nagel Thomas
Published: May 2023

The principal interest of the GeomInt project consists of the investigation of effects on barrier integrity of three host rock formations: clay, salt and crystalline. The project focuses on distinct physical processes that can influence barrier integrity in these rocks, particularly those related to swelling and shrinkage, pressure-driven percolation and stress redistribution.
The Metonymy EUrope as a Means of Legitimizing Nations in the Western Balkans
Authors: Salamurović Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

This chapter focuses on the metonymic use of the lexeme Europe and country name in Montenegro and North Macedonia with the aim of investigating their co-occurrences in discursive-linguistic realizations of the concept of Nationin both countries. The analysis is based on a corpus consisting of political speeches, election slogans, and media texts (both newspaper and social media) that cover the period from 2006 in Montenegro and 2011 in North Macedonia, respectively. Discourse Space Theory (Chilton 2004, 2014) and Proximization Theory (Cap 2009, 2013, 2017) provide a theoretical framework against which the legitimization of particular conceptualizations and framing are disclosed. The analysis shows that although EUropeis largely used for specific national (re)identification in both Western Balkans countries, these discourses are characterized by a complex legitimization: On the temporal and spatial axis, EUropeis constructed as a distant Other (e.g., “European integration,” “our European path”, “European future”), while on the axiological axis, as a symbolic part of the Self (e.g., “European face of Montenegro”, “vote for a European Macedonia”). This divergent legitimation can be seen both as discursive and linguistic handling of the protracted EU rapprochement processes and as a management tool for inner divisions in both countries along the lines of civic versus ethnic-national identification.
Rechtliche Konkretisierung
Authors: Samhammer David , Beck Susanne , Budde Klemens , Burchardt Aljoscha , Faber Michelle , Gerndt Simon , Möller Sebastian , Osmanodja Bilgin , Roller Roland , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2023

Unter Einbezug der vorher dargestellten empirischen Ergebnisse und der ethischen Auseinandersetzung wird nun ein rechtlicher Rahmen für den Einsatz Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Klinik diskutiert. Dieser gliedert sich in verschiedene Akteursperspektiven und hat zum Ziel, beim Einsatz von KI-Systemen eine bedeutsame menschliche Kontrolle zu ermöglichen.
In vivo secondary structural analysis of Influenza A virus genomic RNA
Authors: Mirska Barbara , Woźniak Tomasz , Lorent Dagny , Ruszkowska Agnieszka , Peterson Jake M. , Moss Walter N. , Mathews David H. , Kierzek Ryszard , Kierzek Elzbieta
Published: May 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory virus that causes epidemics and pandemics. Knowledge of IAV RNA secondary structure in vivo is crucial for a better understanding of virus biology. Moreover, it is a fundament for the development of new RNA-targeting antivirals. Chemical RNA mapping using selective 2’-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) coupled with Mutational Profiling (MaP) allows for the thorough examination of secondary structures in low-abundance RNAs in their biological context. So far, the method has been used for analyzing the RNA secondary structures of several viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in virio and in cellulo. Here, we used SHAPE-MaP and dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq) for genome-wide secondary structure analysis of viral RNA (vRNA) of the pandemic influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) strain in both in virio and in cellulo environments. Experimental data allowed the prediction of the secondary structures of all eight vRNA segments in virio and, for the first time, the structures of vRNA5, 7, and 8 in cellulo. We conducted a comprehensive structural analysis of the proposed vRNA structures to reveal the motifs predicted with the highest accuracy. We also performed a base-pairs conservation analysis of the predicted vRNA structures and revealed many highly conserved vRNA motifs among the IAVs. The structural motifs presented herein are potential candidates for new IAV antiviral strategies.
Questions About Extreme Points
Authors: Dyakonov Konstantin M.
Published: May 2023

We discuss the geometry of the unit ball—specifically, the structure of its extreme points (if any)—in subspaces of$$L^1$$L1and$$L^\infty $$L∞on the circle that are formed by functions with prescribed spectral gaps. A similar issue is considered for kernels of Toeplitz operators in$$H^\infty $$H∞.
The Virtual Face of Colon and Rectal Surgery Training in the USA: An In‐Depth Evaluation and Analysis of Fellowship Programs Website Content
Authors: Farhan Syed Ali , Hayat Javeria , Daniyal Muhammad , Ahmed Syeda Hoorulain , Karimuddin Ahmer Azhar , Khosa Faisal
Published: May 2023

Background

With an ever‐evolving digital and virtual world hastened by the COVID‐19 pandemic, prospective colon and rectal surgery fellowship applicants must rely on online sources of information, such as websites, rather than in‐person visits to fellowship programs. This study analyzes and evaluates the content and accuracy of colon and rectal surgery fellowship program websites.

Methods

The Fellowship and Residency Electronic and Interactive Database website provides a complete collection of colon and rectal surgery fellowship websites based in the USA. The accessibility of the websites was verified via Google search, and relevant content for the applicants was evaluated based on 50‐point criteria.

Results

Analysis of 60 fellowship program websites was conducted, out of which only a fifth (20%) were kept up to date. Twenty‐seven (45%) websites fulfilled 50% of the 50‐point criteria. The most and least included data points were program overview (69%) and residential/housing information (24%). Most websites contained basic information relevant to international applicants but lacked crucial information such as visa sponsorship (12%) and city information (23%).

Conclusion

An informative and easily accessible website is essential for prospective applicants to choose the best program for their career goals and academic needs. This study highlighted multiple areas for potential improvement in the colon and rectal surgery program websites. Individual colon and rectal surgery programs may benefit and attract more candidates to their programs through a fully optimized website design and content.
Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the journey from molecular background to the role of bone marrow transplant—review article
Authors: Alghandour Reham , Sakr Doaa H. , Shaaban Yasmin
Published: May 2023

Philadelphia chromosome-like (Ph-like) ALL is a recent subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although it does not express the BCR-ABL fusion gene, it has a behavior like true BCR/ABL1–positive cases. This subtype harbors different molecular alterations most commonly CRLF2 rearrangements. Most cases of Ph-like ALL are associated with high white blood cell count, high minimal residual disease level after induction therapy, and high relapse rate. Efforts should be encouraged for early recognition of Ph-like ALL to enhance therapeutic strategies. Recently, many trials are investigating the possibility of adding the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to chemotherapy to improve clinical outcomes. The role and best timing of allogeneic bone marrow transplant in those cases are still unclear. Precision medicine should be implemented in the treatment of such cases. Here in this review, we summarize the available data on Ph-like ALL
Comparison of arterial wall models in fluid–structure interaction simulations
Authors: Balzani D. , Heinlein A. , Klawonn A. , Rheinbach O. , Schröder J.
Published: May 2023

Monolithic fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of blood flow with arterial walls is considered, making use of sophisticated nonlinear wall models. These incorporate the effects of almost incompressibility as well as of the anisotropy caused by embedded collagen fibers. In the literature, relatively simple structural models such as Neo-Hooke are often considered for FSI with arterial walls. Such models lack, both, anisotropy and incompressibility. In this paper, numerical simulations of idealized heart beats in a curved benchmark geometry, using simple and sophisticated arterial wall models, are compared: we consider three different almost incompressible, anisotropic arterial wall models as a reference and, for comparison, a simple, isotropic Neo-Hooke model using four different parameter sets. The simulations show significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the stresses and displacements as well as the lumen cross sections. For the Neo-Hooke models, a significantly larger amplitude in the in- and outflow areas during the heart beat is observed, presumably due to the lack of fiber stiffening. For completeness, we also consider a linear elastic wall using 16 different parameter sets. However, using our benchmark setup, we were not successful in achieving good agreement with our nonlinear reference calculation.