bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The incidence of post‐transplant malignancies in kidney transplant recipients treated with Rituximab
Authors: Bachelet Thomas , Visentin Jonathan , Davis Philippine , Taton Benjamin , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Kaminski Hannah , Merville Pierre , Couzi Lionel
Published: November 2020

Background

Rituximab has been proposed as induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with preformed donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) or a positive flow cross‐match. We here evaluated whether adding rituximab was associated with a higher incidence of post‐transplant malignancies (PTM) due to greater immunosuppression.

Patients and Methods

Forty‐eight HLA‐sensitized KTRs received induction therapy with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and rituximab because of preformed DSA or a positive flow cross‐match (RTX group). They were compared with a control group of 154 patients receiving ATG alone.

Results

Thirty‐nine of 202 (19.3%) patients developed PTM; the rate was similar in the RTX and no‐RTX groups (14.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively, P = .3). The distributions of the types of cancer were similar between the two groups, with the majority being non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC, n = 24). The risk factors for PTM were male gender, age, history of cancer, and azathioprine.

Conclusion

Our data do not indicate a higher rate of post‐transplantation de novo malignancies after kidney transplantation in high‐immunological risk patients who received induction therapy based on ATG and rituximab.
Serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer as a biomarker of fibrosis in living donor liver transplant graft
Authors: Sasaki Ryu , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Narita Shohei , Fukushima Masanori , Haraguchi Masafumi , Miuma Satoshi , Hidaka Masaaki , Eguchi Susumu , Okudaira Sadayuki , Abe Kuniko , Nakao Kazuhiko
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Non‐invasive assessment of graft fibrosis is important in liver transplantation. Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been reported as a diagnostic marker for this purpose, and thus, this predictive ability of M2BPGi was assessed in this study.

Patients and methods

In this retrospective study, 236 patients who received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from August 1997 to March 2017 were enrolled. Among them, 94 biopsy patients were analyzed. Further, the predictive ability of fibrotic biopsy using M2BPGi, Fibroscan, and Fib‐4 index was compared.

Results

Of 94 LDLT patients (53 men, 41 women), the median ages of recipients and donors were 57.5 and 33.0 years, respectively. The median M2BPGi values in patients with F0 (n = 11), F1 (n = 38), F2 (n = 35), and F3/4 (n = 10) were 0.680, 0.760, 1.240, and 4.110 COI, respectively. There were significant correlations between the fibrotic stage and M2BPGi levels (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P < .0001). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of F ≥ 2 in M2BPGi was 0.778, which was superior to Fibroscan (0.701) and Fib‐4 index (0.639).

Conclusion

M2BPGi is an accurate, non‐invasive detection method for significant fibrosis after LDLT.
Meningothelial meningioma in an unusual site: Thinking out of the box
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Shukla Kumar Sangam , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: November 2020

Extracranial meningiomas presenting in the parotid region are rare and often cause diagnostic difficulty and confusion with a primary salivary gland neoplasm. Aspiration cytology with cell block is helpful, and immunohistochemistry on cell block can confirm the diagnosis.
Conceptualising disaster social capital: what it is, why it matters, and how it can be enhanced
Authors: Uekusa Shinya , Matthewman Steve , Lorenz Daniel F.
Published: November 2020

Social capital discourse occupies an important place in disaster studies. Scholars have adopted various inflections of social capital to explain how those with greater amounts of this crucial resource are generally more resilient to disasters and experience speedier recovery. Disaster scholars have also discovered that people typically display altruistic tendencies in the wake of disasters and develop novel networks of mutual support, known as ‘communitas’, which is also seen to build resilience and boost recovery. In this paper, we use the work of Pierre Bourdieu to synthesise these literatures, conceptualising communitas as ‘disaster social capital’. We offer a fleshed‐out definition of disaster social capital to distinguish it from regular social capital and discuss the barriers to, and the enablers of, its formation. While primarily a conceptual discussion, we believe that it has practical and policy value for disaster scholars and practitioners interested in inclusive disaster risk reduction as well as full and just recoveries.
Habitat cues synergize to elicit chemically mediated landing behavior in a specialist phytophagous insect, the grape berry moth
Authors: Wolfin Michael S. , Chilson Ronald R. , Thrall Jonathan , Liu Yuxi , Volo Sara , Cha Dong H. , Loeb Gregory M. , Linn Charles E.
Published: November 2020

Many phytophagous insects locate their host plant using mixtures of volatile compounds produced by the plant. A key behavior in the host location process that has been the focus of decades of behavioral research is optomotor anemotaxis. Another key step in host location is landing on (or near) the odor source. In previous work, rubber septa emitting a synthetic blend of volatiles extracted from young shoots of grape plants, Vitus spp. (Vitaceae), elicited equivalent levels of oriented upwind flight by female grape berry moths (GBM), Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as did actual (control) grape shoots. However, in contrast to the shoots, females did not land on the odor source. In this study, we used flight tunnel assays to investigate the landing response of GBM females with respect to chemical and visual stimuli, as well as differences in relative humidity. When stimuli were presented individually, only the synthetic blend of host plant volatiles elicited equivalent levels of oriented upwind flight compared to the plants. Interestingly, wet cotton strips elicited low but consistent levels of upwind flight. In paired assays, only the synthetic blend paired with wet cotton strips elicited landing, although at significantly lower levels than that elicited by grape shoots. To achieve landing rates equivalent to live grape shoots, grape berry moth females required all three stimuli we tested: host odor cues, moisture, and visual cues simulating a grape shoot. These results suggest the cues have a synergistic effect, and that landing behavior requires complex sensory processing using multiple sensory inputs. Furthermore, these results suggest that moisture plays an important role in the host plant location process.
Effect of prolonged application of single‐step self‐etching primer and hydrofluoric acid on the surface roughness and shear bond strength of CAD/CAM materials
Authors: Donmez Mustafa B. , Okutan Yener , Yucel Munir T.
Published: November 2020

This in vitro study aimed to assess the influence of different concentrations and durations of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP) etching on the surface roughness (Ra) of different CAD/CAM materials and on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a self‐adhesive resin bonded to the materials. Seventy specimens of hybrid ceramic, leucite‐based glass‐ceramic, lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic, and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate glass‐ceramic were prepared and divided into seven groups according to the surface treatments: Control (C); MEP etching for 60 (MEP60) and 120 (MEP120) s; 5% HF etching for 60 (HF‐5%60) and 120 (HF‐5%120) s; 9.5% HF etching for 60 (HF‐9.5%60) and 120 (HF‐9.5%120) s. The Ra was measured using a 3D profilometer. All groups were treated with a universal primer except for the C, MEP60, and MEP120 groups. A self‐adhesive resin cement was bonded to all specimens, and the bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine. All surface treatments increased both Ra and SBS values compared to the control in each material. Neither the duration of surface treatments nor the HF acid concentrations had a statistically significant effect on SBS. Within the limitations of this experimental study, it can be concluded that Monobond Etch & Prime may be a preferable method to achieve high bond strength values.
Microlevel Advocacy: A Common Process in Couple and Family Therapy
Authors: Holyoak Derek , McPhee Douglas , Hall Greg , Fife Stephen
Published: November 2020

Advocacy is an essential element to mental health practitioners’ professional identity. Some scholars contend that many couple and family therapists lack the skill set needed to effectively advocate. However, these researchers often discuss advocacy solely on the macrolevel, which makes advocacy appear unidimensional and may feel out of reach for many practitioners. In this article, we argue that advocacy is not unidimensional, but consists of two levels: macro‐ and microlevel advocacy. Microlevel advocacy is client‐centered and is effectively performed by couple and family therapists on a regular basis. By broadening the definition of advocacy to include the microlevel, we argue that advocacy is a common process of couple and family therapy that cuts across therapy models and is interwoven into the very being of a couple and family therapist. We present in this article a comprehensive case vignette to illustrate how microlevel advocacy may be performed by CFTs. Clinical and training implications are offered to help clinicians begin to bridge the gap between micro‐ and macrolevel advocacies.
“This is not your Life…and it becomes your Life”: A Qualitative Exploration of Deployment‐related Stress and Support needs in National Guard and Reserve spouses who are Mothers of Young Children
Authors: Ross Abigail M. , DeVoe Ellen R. , Steketee Gail , Spencer Renée , Richter Meredith
Published: November 2020

The adverse effects of deployment‐related stress (DRS) on military service members, spouses, and children are well documented. Findings from a recent Consensus Report on Military Families by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (2019) underscore the priority of gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity of today’s military families and their needs and well‐being. While social support is generally regarded as helpful during times of stress, it has not been studied extensively in National Guard/Reserve spouses who are parents of young children. This qualitative study of 30 women examines the unique ways in which DRS affects women who are National Guard/Reserve spouses and mothers of young children, as well as the processes through which they encountered support to manage these stressors. Salient themes spanned experiences involving deployment cycle phases of separation and reintegration and included both anticipated and unanticipated changes in family‐related division of labor, dynamics, and communication patterns. These were complicated by geographic, social, and cultural isolation and misguided efforts to support spouses initiated by civilians. Women managed these stressors primarily through seeking, acquiring, and repurposing existing sources of informal social support for themselves and formal supports for their children, with varying degrees of success.
Comparative gene expression profiling reveals the mechanisms of axon regeneration
Authors: Lee Jinyoung , Cho Yongcheol
Published: November 2020

Axons are vulnerable to injury, potentially leading to degeneration or neuronal death. While neurons in the central nervous system fail to regenerate, neurons in the peripheral nervous system are known to regenerate. Since it has been shown that injury‐response signal transduction is mediated by gene expression changes, expression profiling is a useful tool to understand the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. Axon regeneration is regulated by injury‐responsive genes induced in both neurons and their surrounding non‐neuronal cells. Thus, an experimental setup for the comparative analysis between regenerative and nonregenerative conditions is essential to identify ideal targets for the promotion of regeneration‐associated genes and to understand the mechanisms of axon regeneration. Here, we review the original research that shows the key factors regulating axon regeneration, in particular by using comparative gene expression profiling in diverse systems.
Effects of flooding duration on wetland plant biomass: The importance of soil nutrients and season
Authors: Lan Zhichun , Chen Yasong , Shen Ruichang , Cai Yongjiu , Luo Hao , Jin Binsong , Chen Jiakuan
Published: November 2020

Extensive studies have shown that the relationship between flooding duration and wetland plant biomass is context specific. The underlying mechanisms, however, are uncertain. A likely explanation is that flooding has both direct effects by exerting stress on plants and indirect effects by affecting soil nutrient availability. The net effect would be context‐specific and might depend on season. Here, we tested two potential factors mediating the flooding effects on wetland plant biomass: soil nutrient availability and season.

We carried out a field investigation in the lakeshore meadows of the Poyang Lake floodplain, China, along a flooding duration gradient during the non‐flooding period. To test the interaction between flooding duration and soil nutrients, we carried out a nutrient (N and P) addition experiment in two types of communities with different flooding durations.

The above‐ground biomass (AGB) decreased with flooding duration in winter but had a quadratic response in spring, suggesting that the direct negative effect of flooding was stronger in winter than in spring. Soil total N content, total P content, and N:P ratio showed quadratic responses to flooding duration.

Our results supported the hypotheses that the influence of nutrient limitation decreased with flooding duration and was greater in spring than in winter. The evidence showed that, with longer flooding duration and in winter than in spring, the correlations between AGB and soil nutrient content were weaker, leaf N and P content of Carex cinerascens were stronger, and AGB response ratio to nutrient addition was lower. Meanwhile, the relative importance of N versus P to wetland plant biomass varied with flooding duration.

Consequently, indirect effects of flooding duration on AGB via soil nutrient availability were much less important than direct effects in winter or with long flooding duration, but were more important in spring or with short flooding duration. Therefore, the effects of flooding on wetland plant biomass depended on flooding duration, soil nutrient availability, and season.
Relationship between oral and nutritional status of older residents with severe dementia in an aged care nursing home
Authors: Konishi Masaru , Kakimoto Naoya
Published: November 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the oral and nutritional status of older residents with dementia in an aged care nursing home.

Background

Insufficient oral evaluation and care due to refusal of treatment in older people with dementia may cause deterioration in oral and nutritional status.

Materials and methods

The subjects were 123 older residents with dementia who had been admitted to an aged care nursing home. Oral condition and body mass index (BMI) as a measure of nutritional status were investigated, and the results for the mild and severe dementia groups were compared. BMI was compared by the food consistency between the mild and severe dementia groups.

Results

In the severe dementia group, fewer older adults had removable dentures and many had no molar occlusion. The rate of subjects who had refused oral care by the caregivers was significantly higher in the severe dementia group than in the mild dementia group. In the severe dementia group, the BMI of those having texture‐modified foods was significantly lower than those having a normal diet. The BMI of subjects without molar occlusion and with a history of cerebrovascular disease was significantly lower in the severe dementia group.

Conclusions

The BMI of subjects in the severe dementia group having texture‐modified food was significantly lower than that of those with a normal diet. The BMI of subjects in the severe dementia group without molar occlusion was significantly lower than those with molar occlusion.
Radicalizing diversity (research): Time to resume talking about class
Authors: Romani Laurence , Zanoni Patrizia , Holck Lotte
Published: November 2020

In this editorial, we plea for radicalizing diversity research by re‐engaging with the notion of class. We argue that theories of class, which are today seldom used in critical diversity research, have the potential to conceptualize the relationship between difference and power in ways that go beyond the current focus on equality within capitalist organizations. Theories of class radicalize diversity research by providing a conceptual vocabulary to ground the critique of diversity in the critique of capitalism. To highlight this potential, we first reconstruct the ideological historical context of the 1980s in which diversity research emerged, re‐embedding it in a broader political project to restructure the economy, work and society as a whole. We then present four main uses of the concept of class in management and organization studies and the theoretical traditions that underpin them. We go on to introduce the four contributions to this Special Section, illustrating how class, variously understood, can inform critical understandings of diversity. We conclude by leveraging class within four strategies for more radical diversity scholarship: classing workers, occupations, and workplaces; classing diversity; classing meritocracy; and classing struggles for social justice.
Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 deficiency augments liver fibrosis in liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through enhanced free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Teratani Toshiaki , Tomita Kengo , Wada Akinori , Sugihara Nao , Higashiyama Masaaki , Inaba Kenichi , Horiuchi Kazuki , Hanawa Yoshinori , Nishii Shin , Mizoguchi Akinori , Tanemoto Rina , Ito Suguru , Okada Yoshikiyo , Kurihara Chie , Akita Yoshihiro , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Watanabe Chikako , Komoto Shunsuke , Oike Yuichi , Miura Soichiro , Hokari Ryota , Kanai Takanori
Published: November 2020

Aim

We recently reported that lipoprotein lipase (LPL)‐mediated free cholesterol (FC) accumulation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) augmented liver fibrosis in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of the present study was to explore the role of angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (Angptl4), an LPL inhibitor, in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in NASH.

Methods

Angptl4‐deficient or wild‐type mice were used to investigate the role of Angptl4 in the pathogenesis of NASH induced by feeding a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet. We also examined the effect of Angptl4 on FC accumulation in HSCs, and the subsequent activation of HSCs, using Angptl4‐deficient HSCs.

Results

In the NASH model, Angptl4‐deficient mice had significantly aggravated liver fibrosis and activated HSCs without enhancement of hepatocellular injury, liver inflammation, or liver angiogenesis. FC levels were significantly higher in HSCs from Angptl4‐deficient mice than in those from wild‐type mice. Treatment with Angptl4 reversed low‐density lipoprotein‐induced FC accumulation in HSCs through the inhibition of LPL. The Angptl4 deficiency‐induced FC accumulation in HSCs suppressed HSC expression of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐ß) pseudoreceptor, bone morphogenetic protein, and activin membrane‐bound inhibitor, and sensitized HSCs to TGF‐β‐induced activation in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions

Angptl4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of FC accumulation in HSCs. In addition, regulation of FC levels in HSCs by Angptl4 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in NASH. Thus, Angptl4 could represent a novel therapeutic option for NASH.
Enhancing shared and surrogate decision making for people living with dementia: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions
Authors: Geddis‐Regan Andrew , Errington Linda , Abley Clare , Wassall Rebecca , Exley Catherine , Thomson Richard
Published: November 2020

Background

Dementia can have a profound impact on decision making. People living with dementia (PLwD) often need to make decisions about health care, and, as dementia progresses, decisions may need to be made on their behalf. Specific interventions may support this process.

Review Question

What interventions are effective in improving shared decision making or surrogate decision making on the health care of PLwD?

Methods

A narrative systematic review of existing literature was conducted. Seven databases, grey literature and key journals were searched. After exclusion by title, abstracts then full texts were reviewed collaboratively to manage any disagreements.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two articles, including one RCT, evaluated decision aids regarding the use of enteral feeding in advanced dementia. Six further articles, including five RCTs, were found which evaluated the effectiveness of interventions supporting patients or carers with advance care planning.

Conclusion

Decision‐making interventions typically consist of multiple components which aim to establish preferences for future health care. Advance care planning interventions supported aspects of the decision‐making processes but their impact on decision quality was rarely evaluated. Interventions did not increase the concordance of decisions with a person's values. The decision‐specific interventions are unlikely to produce benefit in other decision contexts.

Patient Involvement

Two caregivers, a public stakeholder group and a carer group were consulted in the design of the wider study to which this review relates. Six PLwD refined the research questions addressed in this paper.
Current experimental human tissue‐derived models for prostate cancer research
Authors: Kato Manabu , Sasaki Takeshi , Inoue Takahiro
Published: November 2020

Scientists engaged in prostate cancer research have been conducting experiments using two‐dimensional cultures of prostate cancer cell lines for decades. However, these experiments fail to reproduce and reflect the clinical course of individual patients with prostate cancer, or the molecular and genetic characteristics of prostate cancer, the basic requirement for most of the preclinical studies on prostate cancer. The use of human prostate cancer tissues in experiments has enabled the collection and verification of clinically relevant data, including chemical reactions, changes in proteins, and specific gene expression. Tissue recombination models have been employed for studying prostate development, the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, and the tumor microenvironment. Notably, the epithelial–stromal interaction, which might play a critical role in prostate cancer pathogenesis, can be reproduced in this model. Patient‐derived xenograft models have been developed as powerful avatars comprising patient‐derived prostate cancer tissues implanted in immunocompromised mice and could serve as a precision medicine approach for each prostate cancer patient. Spheroid and organoid assays, representative of modern three‐dimensional cultures, can replicate the conditions in human prostate tumors and the prostate organ itself as a miniature model. Although an intact immune system against the tumor is missing from the models aimed at investigating immuno‐oncological reagents in various malignancies, all these experimental models can help researchers in developing new drugs and selecting appropriate treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients.
Deficit of glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper amplifies angiotensin‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Flamini Sara , Cozzolino Anna , Bereshchenko Oxana , Ronchetti Simona , Cianflone Eleonora , Gagliardi Andrea , Ricci Erika , Rafaniello Concetta , Rossi Francesco , Riccardi Carlo , Berrino Liberato , Bruscoli Stefano , Urbanek Konrad
Published: November 2020

Poor prognosis in heart failure and the lack of real breakthrough strategies validate targeting myocardial remodelling and the intracellular signalling involved in this process. So far, there are no effective strategies to counteract hypertrophy, an independent predictor of heart failure progression and death. Glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is involved in inflammatory signalling, but its role in cardiac biology is unknown. Using GILZ‐knockout (KO) mice and an experimental model of hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, we addressed the role of GILZ in adverse myocardial remodelling. Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction and hypertrophy. Interestingly, GILZ‐KO showed more evident diastolic dysfunction and aggravated hypertrophic response compared with WT after Ang II administration. Both cardiomyocyte and left ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced in GILZ‐KO mice. On the other hand, Ang II–induced inflammatory and fibrotic phenomena, cell death and reduction in microvascular density, remained invariant between the WT and KO groups. The analysis of regulators of hypertrophic response, GATA4 and FoxP3, demonstrated an up‐regulation in WT mice infused with Ang II; conversely, such an increase did not occur in GILZ‐KO hearts. These data on myocardial response to Ang II in mice lacking GILZ indicate that this protein is a new element that can be mechanistically involved in cardiovascular pathology.
Commentary: Challenges and opportunities in autism assessment – a commentary on Kanne and Bishop (2020)
Authors: MacLachlan Malcolm
Published: November 2020

Kanne and Bishop’s (2020) Editorial Perspective ‘The Autism waitlist crisis and remembering what families need’ offers a strong argument to provide greater access to high‐quality assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). They note, correctly, that due to increasing numbers of referrals practitioners are under increasing pressure to provide quicker or abbreviated evaluations, that some cases are extremely complex and require considerable expertise to assess, and that a good assessment is a good investment in effective intervention. I agree with these points but also want to highlight some difficulties and dilemmas associated with the assessment of ASD; and to argue that improving access to assessments and interventions through the use of nonspecialists and new technologies may be a promising direction.
A new species of sexually dimorphic and rheophilic ghost knifefish (Apteronotidae: Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon basin
Authors: Peixoto Luiz Antônio Wanderley , Datovo Aléssio , Menezes Naércio Aquino , de Santana Carlos David
Published: November 2020

A new species of ghost knifefish, Apteronotus, is described from high‐energy environments in the Rios Mapuera and Trombetas (at Cachoeira Porteira waterfalls), Brazil. X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μCT scan) was used to access the internal anatomy of the type series. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the anteriormost position of the anus, with its posterior margin extending less than one eye diameter beyond the vertical through the caudal limit of the posterior nostril, the low number of anal‐fin rays (117–125) and the reduced number of branchiostegal rays (three). A series of modifications associated with secondary sexual dimorphism on the preorbital region of mature males are depicted and discussed. In addition, comments on homologies of the branchiostegal rays in Apteronotidae are provided.
Risks of adverse events for users of proton‐pump inhibitors plus aspirin or clopidogrel in patients with aspirin‐related ulcer bleeding
Authors: Yang Shih‐Cheng , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Tai Wei‐Chen , Liang Chih‐Ming , Yao Chih‐Chien , Wu Keng‐Liang , Hsu Chien‐Ning , Chuah Seng‐Kee
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim

Clopidogrel is widely prescribed for patients with of aspirin‐related upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) history. This study aimed to compare the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), UGIB, and mortality between aspirin and clopidogrel in patients at risk of bleeding.

Methods

We analyzed adult patients at high risk of UGIB following aspirin‐related bleeding for secondary MACE prevention between 2000 and 2012. Secondary prevention was for those patients who had ever been hospitalized for cardiovascular disease and reused aspirin or changed to clopidogrel after discharge. Study endpoints were recurrence of MACE, UGIB, and death in 90 days of follow‐up. The associations between study outcomes and the use of clopidogrel (vs aspirin) were analyzed.

Results

Among 947 eligible patients, 653 reused aspirin (in combination with a proton‐pump inhibitor), and 294 were treated with clopidogrel (in combination with a proton‐pump inhibitor) after discharge for UGIB. Compared with aspirin treatment, clopidogrel showed an increased risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–3.12) and UGIB (aHR 1.25; 95% CI 0.66–2.36), but without statistical significance in 90 days' follow‐up. Clopidogrel use was associated with greater than four times the risk of any cause of mortality (aHR 4.84; 95% CI 1.59–14.75), but the significance did not hold in propensity score‐matched cohort analysis (P = 0.06).

Conclusions

A nonsignificant difference between clopidogrel and aspirin for short‐term MACE prevention as well as UGIB recurrence was found in the present study. Further research to assess 90‐day mortality would assist clinical decision making.
Ethical Considerations for Short‐Term Global Health Projects
Authors: Penney Debra
Published: November 2020

Various types of health professional volunteers from high‐income nations are increasingly engaged in short‐term global health projects in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The goal of global health projects is to improve health for all people and address health inequities. Short‐term projects lasting days to months can create challenges for volunteers and hosts. Despite attempting to do good, volunteer efforts may unwittingly cause harm to host organizations by planning projects without consideration for the local infrastructure, the community, and the health care staff. Although well‐intentioned and often beneficial, volunteer efforts can fail to provide adequate follow‐up or may disrupt or override local health efforts. In some low‐resource settings, dire health needs and lack of supervision may result in volunteers practicing beyond their professional scope. Recently published guidelines, competencies, and position statements have addressed ethical behaviors for short‐term global health experiences. Partnerships that are founded on principles of justice and autonomy provide an avenue for mutual collaboration. Short‐term global health projects that focus on host needs are likely to strengthen local capacity to improve health outcomes. This article reviews guidelines for short‐term global health experiences and addresses the ethical principles for planning effective projects.
The Ethical Justification for Conscience Clauses in Nurse‐Midwifery Practice: Context, Power, and a Changing Landscape
Authors: Eagen‐Torkko Meghan , Levi Amy J.
Published: November 2020

In the last century, conscientious objection has moved from objection to conscripted military service to include health care providers who have moral concerns about participation in specific aspects of health care. Although guidance for the use of conscientious objection has developed in both nursing and midwifery, changes in the political landscape may be creating a source of conflict between providers and the use of conscientious objection. Particularly in aspects of sexual and reproductive care like abortion, contraception, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer health care, the ethical requirement for prompt referral is becoming increasingly difficult to meet in many contexts. Changes to federal regulations protecting conscience clauses have tilted strongly in favor of the rights of providers in recent years; this challenges the delicate balance of patient and provider rights that has developed over the years. These may now represent an unavoidable conflict between different aspects of the ethical obligations of providers, in particular the obligation to seek justice, and bring into question whether the current status of conscientious objection is sustainable. In this article, we examine these conflicts in the context of the current political climate.
Blue Light Protection, Part I—Effects of blue light on the skin
Authors: Coats Jahnna G. , Maktabi Briana , Abou‐Dahech Mariam S. , Baki Gabriella
Published: November 2020

Abstract–Part I

Background

Blue light is emitted visible light between the wavelengths of 400 to 500 nm. The main source of blue light is sunlight, but digital screens, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and fluorescent lighting serve as additional sources. Concerns about the negative effects of blue light on the skin have rapidly increased over the past 15 years, and consequently, the urge to learn more about this topic is increasing as well.

Aims

Part I of this article provides up‐to‐date information on the definition of blue light and the negative and positive effects of blue light on the skin.

Methods

An Internet search was completed using the Google scholar database for relevant literature.

Results

Blue light can be both harmful and beneficial to the skin, depending on intensity and wavelength. Short‐term safety information is more readily available from clinical studies; however, the biological effects of repeated and/or longer‐term exposure are not fully understood yet.

Conclusions

Low‐energy and low exposure times to high‐energy blue light can help prevent skin diseases, while studies have revealed that longer exposure to high‐energy blue light can increase the amount of DNA damage, cell and tissue death, and injury, eye damage, skin barrier damage, and photoaging.
Voice for oneself: Self‐interested voice and its antecedents and consequences
Authors: Duan Jinyun , Xu Yue , Wang Xiaotian , Wu Chia‐Huei , Wang Ying
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to introduce a concept of self‐interested voice, or voluntarily expressed ideas, solutions, or concerns related to workplace issues that affect the voicer’s personal interests. Three studies were conducted. In the scale development study, we developed and validated a new measure of self‐interested voice with a sample of 36 researchers for content validity and a sample of 362 employees for factorial and discriminant validity. In Study 1, we examined the antecedents and motivational pathways of self‐interested voice. We proposed that perceived organizational politics (POP) can promote self‐serving cognition, especially among those high in Machiavellian personality, and thus lead to self‐interested voice. Our hypotheses were supported by results from time‐lagged survey data from 262 employees and 117 supervisors in China. In Study 2, we extended the model by including the outcomes of self‐interested voice. Using another Chinese sample (282 employees matched with 105 direct supervisors), we replicated the findings of Study 1 and additionally found that self‐interested voice was negatively related to supervisors’ liking and suggested salary increases of the employees but not task performance and promotability. The implications for employee voice research are discussed.

Practitioner points

Employees can send their voice concerning ideas, solutions, or concerns related to workplace issues that affect their personal interests.

Perceived organizational politics (POP) is an important trigger of employee self‐interested voice, especially among those high in Machiavellian personality. It is vital for managers to monitor the politicking climate in the workplace to reduce employees’ self‐interested voice at work.

While employees are likely to engage in self‐interested voice to protect their interests when perceiving organizational politics, such behaviour will lead to negative reactions from supervisors, such as lower supervisor liking and more hesitation in suggesting salary increases.
HMGB1 contributes to osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint by inducing synovial angiogenesis
Authors: Feng Yaping , Hu Shiyu , Liu Li , Ke Jin , Long Xing
Published: November 2020

Background

High‐ mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1) is related with inflammation. Our former research reported that substantial HMGB1 situates at the synovium of osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJOA) patients.

Objective

This study investigated whether HMGB1 promotes synovial angiogenesis of TMJOA and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

Human synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with HMGB1; the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) in these cells was explored by Western blotting, real‐time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. The angiogenic capacity of these cells was assayed by tube formation and cell migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The specific inhibitor against HMGB1, VEGF, Erk or JNK was added in these cells, respectively. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐induced TMJOA rats were produced. The changes in their synovium and synovial fluid were detected by immunofluorescent staining and ELISA.

Results

HMGB1 effectively up‐regulated the production of VEGF and HIF‐1α in TMJOA synovial fibroblasts through the activation of Erk and JNK. Conditioned medium from HMGB1‐treated TMJOA synovial fibroblasts significantly promoted tube formation and migration in HUVECs, while attenuated those after the addition of certain inhibitor for VEGF. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor against HMGB1 vanished the neovascularisation and production of HIF‐1α, VEGF and CD34 in the synovium of rat TMJOA induced by CFA injection. Additionally, this inhibitor led to the reduction of IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the synovial fluid of those rats.

Conclusion

These findings disclose a key role for HMGB1 in governing synovial angiogenesis and as a therapeutic target against TMJOA.
Bridging the Gap between the Lab and the Classroom: An Online Citizen Scientific Research Project with Teachers Aiming at Improving Inhibitory Control of School‐Age Children
Authors: Letang Marie , Citron Pascaline , Garbarg‐Chenon Julien , Houdé Olivier , Borst Grégoire
Published: November 2020

Online citizen science allows us to bridge the gap between researchers and nonresearchers and to improve the scientific literacy of nonresearchers. The aims of the present study were (a) to determine whether a 5‐week randomized control trial conducted by teachers in their classroom could improve 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children's inhibitory control (IC) and (b) to provide proof of concept that online scientific research projects can provide meaningful results in the context of education. As expected, children in the IC training group improved their IC efficiency to a greater extent than children in the control training group. We provide the first evidence that such online scientific research projects can be effective in improving children's IC abilities and bridge the gap between the lab and the classroom.
Genetic evidence for seasonal consumption of monkfish (Lophius spp.) and salmonids (Salmo spp.) by gray seals
Authors: Schiønning Mette K. , Gosch Martha , Dillane Eileen , Cronin Michelle , Jessopp Mark J.
Published: November 2020

Recoveries of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) populations across their eastern Atlantic distribution have led to a steady increase in seal‐fishery interactions. Fishers have estimated depredation of salmonids (Salmo spp.) and monkfish (Lophius spp.) as high as 40% and 59% respectively in Ireland. However, empirical evidence for the consumption of these species has been extremely limited due to diagnostic hard part remains not being found in scats or stomach samples. We applied species‐specific primers and tested for the presence of monkfish and salmonids in gray seal diet genetically using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on scats. Monkfish occurred in 29.7% of sampled scats, while salmonids occurred in 12.7%. Seasonal and regional variability in occurrence were noted for both species, likely related to the migratory behavior of the prey species and proximity of seal haul‐outs to aquaculture sites. Traditional hard part analysis of scats, including scats that tested positive for monkfish and salmonid DNA, failed to find any evidence of either species. This study provides important empirical evidence for the consumption of these species in Ireland that can inform management.
The mentorship experience of students and nurses in pre‐registration nursing education: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Lee Natalie P. M. , Chiang Vico C. L.
Published: November 2020

Mentorship is considered to play a paramount role in empowering nursing students to recieve superlative benefit from clinical placement. Although the new standards for student supervision and assessment approved by the Nursing and Midwifery Council in 2018 seemed to lead to the disillusionment of mentorship, they support clinical education and devotion to nursing students' clinical learning globally. The aim of this synthesis was to review and explore the experiences of mentorship of preregistration nursing students and nurses. A systematic search of databases was performed for qualitative studies published in English from 2000 to 2018. Eleven qualitative studies were selected, from which three analytical themes emerged: mentors' capabilities and readiness for preregistration nursing student mentorship, humanistic approach as foundation to the effectiveness of preregistration nursing student mentorship, and the collaboration of stakeholders in health care and educational settings to enhance preregistration nursing student mentorship. A thematic framework of mentorship in preregistration nursing education was introduced. The thematic synthesis sheds light on how to improve a formal system of mentorship and clinical supervision for nursing education.
NF‐Y plays essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis by modulating histone modifications in tomato
Authors: Wang Jiafa , Li Guobin , Li Changxing , Zhang Chunli , Cui Long , Ai Guo , Wang Xin , Zheng Fangyan , Zhang Dedi , Larkin Robert M. , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong
Published: November 2020

NF‐Y transcription factors are reported to play diverse roles in a wide range of biological processes in plants. However, only a few active NF‐Y complexes are known in plants and the precise functions of NF‐Y complexes in flavonoid biosynthesis have not been determined.

Using various molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches, we found that NF‐YB8a, NF‐YB8b and NF‐YB8c – a NF‐YB subgroup – can interact with a specific subgroup of NF‐YC and then recruit either of two distinct NF‐YAs to form NF‐Y complexes that bind the CCAAT element in the CHS1 promoter.

Furthermore, suppressing the expression of particular NF‐YB genes increased the levels of H3K27me3 at the CHS1 locus and significantly suppressed the expression of CHS1 during tomato fruit ripening, which led to the development of pink‐coloured fruit with colourless peels.

Altogether, by demonstrating that NF‐Y transcription factors play essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and by providing significant molecular insight into the regulatory mechanisms that drive the development of pink‐coloured tomato fruit, we provide a major advance to our fundamental knowledge and information that has considerable practical value for horticulture.
How bureaucrats shape political decisions: The role of policy information
Authors: Blom‐Hansen Jens , Baekgaard Martin , Serritzlew Søren
Published: November 2020

Studies of bureaucracy have been very concerned about whether the bureaucracy exploits its informational advantage vis‐à‐vis politicians to influence policy decisions. Yet, little theorizing has been undertaken about how such influence takes place. We identify and test three mechanisms that must be at work in order for policy information to function as a vehicle for political influence of bureaucrats. Using data from politicians and bureaucrats in five different political systems and survey experimental methods to deal with endogeneity and social desirability bias, we find evidence supporting all three mechanisms: bureaucrats are generally willing to use policy information to influence political decisions, politicians rely on policy information from bureaucrats when making such decisions, and the way policy information is presented matters for the policy preferences of politicians. We discuss the implications of the results and factors that are important for the mechanisms to apply.
Two‐year study on combining ability and heterotic potential in functional traits under salt stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Awais , Shakeel Amir , Chattha Waqas Shafqat , Tahir Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Salt tolerance is a physiologically and genetically complex trait controlled by multiple genes. To analyze the genetic basis of salt tolerance we evaluated 18 F1 along with their nine parents under three salt stress levels i.e. control, 10 dS m−1 and 15 dS m−1 in the summer of 2017 and 2018. Data were recorded for the number of bolls, seed cotton yield, boll weight, Na+, K+, K+/Na+ ratio, H2O2, SOD, POD, CAT and TSP. Line × tester analysis indicated that the contribution of lines was greater than testers. Except for Na+, most of the traits were controlled by non‐additive genes. With the rise of salt stress, SCA variances increased and were higher than GCA variances for most of the traits indicating the traits were controlled by a few largely dominant genes. KEHKSHAN, FH‐118 and FH‐114 were found good general combiner whereas the cross KEHKSHAN × FH‐114 was a good specific combiner and also indicated significant better parent heterosis for most traits during two years under salt stress and can be utilized in a breeding programme for salt tolerance.
Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hoobehfekr Saba , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari , Shalbafan Mohammadreza , Hashemi Maryam Ghazizadeh , Pirmoradi Mohammad Mehdi , Sakenian Amirhossein , Poopak Amirhossein , Kashefinejad Shayan , Yarahmadi Masoomeh , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: November 2020

Aim

Tipepidine, a synthetic, non‐opioid expectorant, has been shown to improve depressive‐like behavior in animal models of depression. In this study, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of tipepidine combination therapy with citalopram in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

In a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 62 patients with MDD were assigned into two parallel groups to receive citalopram (up to 40 mg/day) plus placebo or citalopram plus tipepidine (30 mg twice daily) for 6 weeks. Participants were assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 6.

Results

Fifty‐six patients completed the trial. The tipepidine group showed greater improvement in HAM‐D scores from baseline to all three study time points (P = 0.048 for all). The remission and response‐to‐treatment rates were significantly higher in the tipepidine group (53.6% and 100%) compared to the placebo group (25.0% and 75%) at the study end‐point (P = 0.029 and 0.005, respectively). The remission and response times in patients in the tipepidine group were also shorter compared with the placebo group (log–rank P = 0.020 and 0.004). There was no significant difference between the two groups in baseline parameters or frequency of side‐effects.

Conclusion

Tipepidine combination therapy with citalopram can effectively improve symptoms of patients with MDD in a shorter period of treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up treatment are needed to confirm our findings.