bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on acoustic emission characteristics of metagabbros with different felsic development under splitting load
Authors: Zhang Tongzhao , Liu Zhiqiang , He Yongsheng , Ji Hongguang , Zhao Yichao , Song Zhaoyang
Published: September 2024

The acoustic emission (AE) characteristic signal can reveal the mechanical properties of rock materials and the development characteristics of internal microcracks. Rocks with different mineral development characteristics produce different AE signals during fracture. This study selected variable metagabbros with varying feldspathic development for AE tests under splitting load. The results demonstrated that the characteristics of AE ringing counts during the Brazilian fracture of metagabbro were closely correlated with the content of felsic minerals. The cumulative AE ringing count of metagabbros with feldspar nondevelopment exceeded 250 000, while those of metagabbros with feldspar development did not reach 200 000. As the feldspathic mineral content increases, the AE ringing counts of metagabbro exhibit an increasing trend in the high-energy (1e6–+∞ aJ) and high-amplitude (90–100 dB) intervals. With the development of feldspar minerals, the fracture mode of metagabbro gradually changed from shear failure to tensile failure. The higher the development of felsic minerals, the higher the stress level corresponding to the maximum fractal dimension, the greater the energy released by rock failure, and the more severe the damage. This study is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of rock rupture.
On the modulated fifth order dressed electron acoustic electrostatic and energy features in auroral plasma
Authors: Alsadi K. S. , Darwish E. M. , El-Shewy E. K.
Published: September 2024

In this work, the higher order electrostatic and solitonic EA energy plasma in auroral plasma has been investigated. The perturbed KdV form has been solved. The modulated soliton speed, energy of the cold beam electrons, and the associated higher fifth order electrostatic field have been mathematically derived. The effect of perturbed beam density as well as beam temperature parameters on the dressed electrostatic and energy properties has been discussed. The auroral plasma results in this work may be important in space applications.
pSTAT3 activation of
Foxl2
initiates the female pathway underlying temperature-dependent sex determination
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Wang Xifeng , Ge Chutian , Jin Lin , Ding Zihan , Liu Fang , Zhang Ju , Gao Fei , Du Weiguo
Published: September 2024

Ovarian development was traditionally recognized as a “default” sexual outcome and therefore received much less scientific attention than testis development. In turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), how the female pathway is initiated to induce ovary development remains unknown. In this study, we have found that phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) and
Foxl2
exhibit temperature-dependent sexually dimorphic patterns and tempo-spatial coexpression in early embryos of the red-eared slider turtle (
Trachemys scripta elegans
). Inhibition of pSTAT3 at a female-producing temperature of 31 °C induces 64.7% female-to-male sex reversal, whereas activation of pSTAT3 at a male-producing temperature of 26 °C triggers 75.6% male-to-female sex reversal. In addition, pSTAT3 directly binds to the locus of the female sex-determining gene
Foxl2
and promotes
Foxl2
transcription. Overexpression or knockdown of
Foxl2
can rescue the sex reversal induced by inhibition or activation of pSTAT3. This study has established a direct genetic link between warm temperature-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and female pathway initiation in a TSD system, highlighting the critical role of pSTAT3 in the cross talk between female and male pathways.
From pre-owned printers to pristine Porsches
Authors: Kehoe Andrew , Gee Matt , Lutzky Ursula
Published: September 2024

Recent years have seen a considerable increase in e-commerce, with sales forecast to continue rising over the
coming years. This study provides a corpus linguistic analysis of item descriptions on eBay’s UK website, on which both members of
the public and businesses can offer goods for sale. It is based on two corpora of items sold on the site in 2015 and 2020 which
together contain 412,601 item descriptions and over 57 million words of text. The analysis applies corpus linguistic methods to
gain further insight into the diachronic development of language use on eBay, to explore linguistic features in item descriptions
and across product categories, and to relate word choice to product selling price. Its findings offer new understanding of the
changing language of online selling and indicate how a corpus linguistic methodology may be used to explore the impact of
linguistic features on sales figures.
Competing language ideologies of health literacy
Authors: Valen-Sendstad Ingvild Badhwar
Published: September 2024

This article examines how ‘Sara’, a migrant woman living with a disability, narrates her experiences with Norway’s
welfare and healthcare. Sara invokes a trope — tydelighet [clarity] — to describe successful communication styles
in Norwegian institutional spaces. Through ethnographic investigation, I demonstrate how this trope indexes broader linguistic
ideologies cycling through different levels of the Norwegian nation-state. To be able to communicate with clarity is linked to being a
specific type of citizen-subject. On the one hand, Sara describes the sociopragmatic style of clarity as enabling access to
healthcare and welfare services, stable employment, and speaker legitimacy. On the other hand, lack of clarity rationalizes
inequalities in institutional spaces. I propose that this ideology has a racializing, gendering, and disabling function. The
article offers insights into how language ideologies regulate Sara’s lived experience with health literacy to secure a healthy and
employed life as a migrant with disability living in the welfare state.
Lexical and contextual emotional valence in foreign language vocabulary retention
Authors: Kanazawa Yu
Published: September 2024

Studies suggest that not only words per se but also surrounding contexts play significant roles in foreign
language vocabulary retention. This study investigated how different conditions of lexical and contextual emotional valence
differently affect foreign language vocabulary retention. The target words were either positive (LexVal+), neutral (LexVal=), or
negative (LexVal−) in meaning. Each visually enhanced target word was embedded in a sentence either positive (CtxVal+), neutral
(CtxVal=), or negative (CtxVal−) in meaning. Sentences with different combinations of lexical valence and contextual valence were
presented in the Study Session, which were later incidentally recalled in the Test Session. It was revealed that positive and
negative words were remembered more often than neutral words and that negative contexts resulted in better retention of the
embedded words than neutral contexts. These findings are in accordance with the predictions of the emotionally enhanced memory,
the Emotion-Involved Processing Hypothesis, and the role of affect in the Modular Cognition Framework. Further, even if the target
item is not emotional, embedding it in emotional context may result in better retention, a finding with potential pedagogical
implications. Interestingly, words embedded in emotionally congruent contexts were not learned better than those in incongruent
contexts, a finding contrary to expectation. The result may be explainable via the Deep Epistemic Emotion Hypothesis, calling for
more empirical study.
Deliberate metaphor (use) in translation and interpreting
Authors: Wong Sum
Published: September 2024

This article responds to the latest theoretical and empirical developments in Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT) and
explores the extension of deliberate metaphor and its use in translation and interpreting. Grounded on a comprehension-based and a
production-based perspective of Deliberate Metaphor Theory, I argue that both deliberate metaphor and deliberate metaphor use are
valid theoretical constructs for translation and interpreting research. I then discuss some pending issues in researching
deliberate metaphor (use) in translation and interpreting.
Toward a Mølmer Sørensen gate with .9999 fidelity
Authors: Blümel Reinhold , Maksymov Andrii , Li Ming
Published: September 2024

Realistic fault-tolerant quantum computing at reasonable overhead requires two-qubit gates with the highest possible fidelity. Typically, an infidelity of

≲

10

−
4

is recommended in the literature. Focusing on the phase-sensitive architecture used in laboratories and by commercial companies to implement quantum computers, we show that even under noise-free, ideal conditions, neglecting the carrier term and linearizing the Lamb–Dicke term in the Hamiltonian used for control-pulse construction for generating Mølmer–Sørensen XX gates based on the Raman scheme are not justified if the goal is an infidelity target of

<

10

−
4

. We obtain these results with a gate simulator code that, in addition to the computational space, explicitly takes the most relevant part of the phonon space into account. With the help of a Magnus expansion carried to the third order, keeping terms up to the fourth order in the Lamb–Dicke parameters, we identify the leading sources of coherent errors, which we show can be eliminated by adding a single linear equation to the phase-space closure conditions and subsequently adjusting the amplitude of the control pulse (calibration). This way, we obtain XX gates with infidelities

<

10

−
4

.
Microscopic description of spontaneous fission based on a Gogny energy density functional including tensor contributions
Authors: Rodríguez-Guzmán R , Robledo L M , Bernard R N
Published: September 2024

This paper extends previous studies on the impact of tensor forces in fission dynamics of neutron-deficient Thorium isotopes to other isotopic chains of heavy actinides and low-mass super-heavy nuclei. Calculations are carried out within a mean-field framework based on the Gogny-D1S parametrization supplemented with the D1ST2a perturbative tensor term as driving force. Fission barrier heights and spontaneous fission half-lives are used as benchmarks to analyze the impact of the tensor term. A significant reduction of fission barrier heights and half-lives is associated with the tensor component of the force.
Radiation dose analysis in interventional neuroradiology of unruptured aneurysm cases
Authors: Kawauchi Satoru , Chida Koichi , Moritake Takashi , Hamada Yusuke , Tsuruta Wataro
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the radiation doses (peak skin dose (PSD) and bilateral lens dose) for each interventional neuroradiology procedure. A direct measurement system consisting of small radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter chips and a dosimetry cap made of thin stretchable polyester was used for radiation dosimetry. The mean PSDs for each procedure were 1565 ± 590 mGy (simple technique coil embolization (STCE) cases), 1851 ± 825 mGy (balloon-assisted coil embolization (BACE) cases), 2583 ± 967 mGy (stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) cases), 1690 ± 597 mGy (simple flow-diverter stenting (FDS) cases), and 2214 ± 726 mGy (FDS + coiling cases). The mean PSD was higher in SACE cases than in STCE, BACE, and simple FDS cases. Moreover, the PSD exceeded 2000 mGy and 3000 mGy in 46 (67.6%) and 19 (27.9%) SACE cases, respectively. The left lens doses for each procedure were 126 ± 111 mGy (STCE cases), 163 ± 152 mGy (BACE cases), 184 ± 148 mGy (SACE cases), 144 ± 60 mGy (simple FDS cases), and 242 ± 178 mGy (FDS + coiling cases). The left lens dose in SACE cases was higher than that in STCE cases and exceeded 500 mGy in 3 (4.4%) patients. In FDS + coiling cases, the mean PSD and left lens dose were 2214 ± 726 mGy and 242 ± 178 mGy, respectively. The left lens dose was higher than that in the STCE and BACE cases, with two (15.4%) patients receiving doses >500 mGy in FDS + coiling cases. The detailed data obtained in this study are expected to contribute to the promotion of radiation dose optimization.
A double-edged sword: diverse interactions in hypergraphs
Authors: Tao Yewei , Hu Kaipeng , Wang Pengyue , Zhao Xiaoqian , Shi Lei
Published: September 2024

Interaction diversity and interaction identity, as two classic interaction patterns in real-world systems, are frequently employed to probe into the cooperative dilemmas among participants with diverse interaction identities within groups. Considering the influence of factors such as hyperlink configurations on the evolution of cooperation within complex networks, this study particularly focuses on the organic integration of hypergraphs and diverse interaction modes. Employing the public goods game model in uniformly stochastic hypergraphs, we explore the effects of synergy factors and diverse interacting individuals on the cooperation rate and strategy consistency within hyperlinks. We emphasize that the diverse interacting individuals are a double-edged sword, and the controlled number of such individuals is conducive to the evolution of cooperation. The findings of this study reveal the significance of these two typical interaction patterns and provide valuable insights for coordinating them to achieve social optimality in cooperation.
Neural simulation-based inference of the neutron star equation of state directly from telescope spectra
Authors: Brandes Len , Modi Chirag , Ghosh Aishik , Farrell Delaney , Lindblom Lee , Heinrich Lukas , Steiner Andrew W. , Weber Fridolin , Whiteson Daniel
Published: September 2024

Neutron stars provide a unique opportunity to study strongly interacting matter under extreme density conditions.
The intricacies of matter inside neutron stars and their equation of state are not directly visible, but determine bulk properties, such as mass and radius, which affect the star's thermal X-ray emissions. However, the telescope spectra of these emissions are also affected by the stellar distance, hydrogen column, and effective surface temperature, which are not always well-constrained. Uncertainties on these nuisance parameters must be accounted for when making a robust estimation of the equation of state. In this study, we develop a novel methodology that, for the first time, can infer the full posterior distribution of both the equation of state and nuisance parameters directly from telescope observations.
This method relies on the use of neural likelihood estimation, in which normalizing flows use samples of simulated telescope data to learn the likelihood of the neutron star spectra as a function of these parameters, coupled with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods to efficiently sample from the corresponding posterior distribution. Our approach surpasses the accuracy of previous methods, improves the interpretability of the results by providing access to the full posterior distribution, and naturally scales to a growing number of neutron star observations expected in the coming years.
Neutron star in covariant f(Q) gravity
Authors: Alwan Muhammad Azzam , Inagaki Tomohiro , Mishra B. , Narawade S.A.
Published: September 2024

Assuming static and spherically symmetric stars with perfect fluid matter, we used realistic equations of state to study neutron stars in covariantf(Q) gravity. The structure profiles and properties of neutron stars such as mass, radius and compactness are obtained through numerical methods using quadratic, exponential, and logarithmicf(Q) models. The results indicate that nonmetricity affects the interior profile deviations of the star, which in turn influence the properties of stars, as illustrated in the mass-radius relation diagram. This effect allows the star to accommodate either more or less matter compared to GR, resulting in a different total mass. For the quadratic model, we cannot generate larger masses, whereas the other two models can give consistent results for both smaller and larger masses of the observed stars. By tuning model parameters, we obtainℳ-ℛdiagrams that are compatible with observational constraints from NICER and LIGO.
Physical Properties of Embedded Clusters in ATLASGAL Clumps with H ii Regions
Authors: Zhou J. W. , Kroupa Pavel , Dib Sami
Published: September 2024

Using the optimal sampling model, we synthesized the embedded clusters of ATLASGAL clumps with H ii regions (H ii-clumps). The 0.1 Myr isochrone was used to estimate the bolometric luminosity of each star in an embedded cluster, we also added the accretion luminosity of each star in the embedded cluster. The total bolometric luminosity of synthetic embedded clusters can well fit the observed bolometric luminosity of H ii-clumps. More realistically, we considered the age spread in the young star and protostar populations in embedded clusters of H ii-clumps by modeling both constant and time-varying star formation histories (SFHs). According to the age distribution of the stellar population, we distributed the appropriate isochrones to each star, and sorted out the fraction of stellar objects that are still protostars (Class 0 and Class I phases) to properly add their accretion luminosities. Compared to a constant SFH, burst-like and time-dependent SFHs can better fit the observational data. We found that as long as 20% of the stars within the embedded cluster are still accreting, the contribution of accretion luminosity will be significant to the total bolometric luminosity of low-mass H ii-clumps with mass log10(M
cl/M
⊙) < 2.8. Variations in the accretion rate, the SFE and the initial mass function and more physical processes like the external heating from H ii regions and the flaring from pre-main sequence stars and protostars need to be investigated to further explain the excess luminosity of low-mass H ii-clumps.
Detection Limits of Thermal-infrared Observations with Adaptive Optics. I. Observational Data
Authors: Sauter J. R. , Brandner W. , Heidt J. , Cantalloube F.
Published: September 2024

Ground-based thermal infrared observations face substantial challenges in correcting the predominant background emitted as thermal radiation from the atmosphere and the telescope itself. With the upcoming 40 m class ELTs, unprecedented sensitivities from ground will be reached, underlining the need of even more sophisticated background correction strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of thermal backgrounds on ground-based observations and identify possible limiting factors in dedicated correction strategies. We evaluate temporal and spatial characteristics of the thermal background in direct imaging data obtained with different telescopes and observation modes. In particular, three distinct data sets, acquired using VLT/NACO and KECK/NIRC2, are analyzed. Our analysis reveals that the observations are not fully photon shot noise limited, but exhibit additional sensitivity losses caused by imperfect background compensation in the different data sets. We identify correlations between background fluctuations and the activity of the adaptive optics system. We hypothesize that the pupil modulation of the adaptive optics mirrors introduces high frequency spatial and temporal fluctuations to the background, which could ultimately constrain the detection limit if they are not compensated adequately.
New γ-Ray Sources Identified in All-sky Surveys Based on Fermipy’s Advanced Algorithm
Authors: Xiang Yunchuan , Feng Peng , Lan Xiaofei
Published: September 2024

We employ an efficient method for identifying γ-ray sources across the entire sky, leveraging advanced algorithms from Fermipy, and cleverly utilizing the Galactic diffuse background emission model to partition the entire sky into 72 regions, thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency of discovering new sources throughout the sky through multi-threaded parallel computing. After confirming the reliability of the new method, we applied it for the first time to analyze data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) encompassing approximately 15.41 yr of all-sky surveys. Through this analysis, we successfully identified 1379 new sources with significance levels exceeding 4σ, of which 497 sources exhibited higher significance levels exceeding 5σ. Subsequently, we performed a systematic analysis of the spatial extension, spectra, and light variation characteristics of these newly identified sources. We identified 21 extended sources and 23 sources exhibiting spectral curvature above 10 GeV. Additionally, we identified 44 variable sources above 1 GeV.
Quantification of locked mode instability triggered by a change in confinement
Authors: Peterka M. , Seidl J. , Markovic T. , Loarte A. , Logan N.C. , Park J.-K. , Cahyna P. , Havlicek J. , Imrisek M. , Kripner L. , Panek R. , Sos M. , Bilkova P. , Bogar K. , Bohm P. , Casolari A. , Gribov Y. , Grover O. , Hacek P. , Hron M. , Kovarik K. , Tomes M. , Tskhakaya D. , Varju J. , Vondracek P. , Weinzettl V. ,   the COMPASS Team
Published: September 2024

This work presents the first analysis of the disruptive locked mode (LM) triggered by the dynamics of a confinement change. It shows that, under certain conditions, the LM threshold during the transient is significantly lower than expected from steady states. We investigate the sensitivity to a controlled n = 1 error field (EF) activated prior to the L-H transition in the COMPASS tokamak, at q
95 ∼ 3, β
N ∼ 1, and using EF coils on the high-field side of the vessel. A threshold for EF penetration subsequent to the L-H transition is identified, which shows no significant trend with density or applied torque, and is an apparent consequence of the reduced intrinsic rotation of the 2/1 mode during this transient phase. This finding challenges the assumption made in theoretical and empirical works that natural mode rotation can be predicted by global plasma parameters and urges against using any parametric EF penetration scaling derived from steady-state experiments to define the EF correction strategy in the entire discharge. Furthermore, even at EFs below the identified penetration threshold, disruptive locking of sawtooth-seeded 2/1 tearing modes is observed after about 30% of L-H transitions without external torque.
Physics basis for the divertor tokamak test facility
Authors: Crisanti F. , Ambrosino R. , Falessi M.V. , Gabellieri L. , Giruzzi G. , Granucci G. , Innocente P. , Mantica P. , Ramogida G. , Vlad G. , Albanese R. , Alessi E. , Angioni C. , Agostinetti P. , Aucone L. , Auriemma F. , Baiocchi B. , Balbinot L. , Balestri A. , Barberis T. , Baruzzo M. , Bolzonella T. , Bonanomi N. , Bonfiglio D. , Brezinsek S. , Calabrò G. , Cani F. , Casiraghi I. , Castaldo A. , Castaldo C. , Cavedon M. , Ceccuzzi S. , Cichocki F. , Ciotti M. , Day C. , De Piccoli C. , Dose G. , Emanueli E. , Frassinetti L. , Figini L. , Fusco V. , Giovannozzi E. , Gobbin M. , Koechi F. , Kryzhanovskyy A. , Li Y. , Lombroni R. , Luda T. , Mariani A. , Martin P. , Meineri C. , Murari A. , Muscente P. , Napoli F. , Nardon E. , Neu R. , Nocente M. , Notazio M. , Nowak S. , Pigatto L. , Piron C. , Porcelli F. , Roccella S. , Rubino G. , Scarpari M. , Sozzi C. , Spizzo G. , Subba F. , Taccogna F. , Tantos C. , Terranova D. , Tsitrone E. , Uccello A. , Van Eester D. , Vianello N. , Vincenzi P. , Wischmeier M. , Zonca F.
Published: September 2024

This paper is dealing with the physics basis used for the design of the Divertor Tokamak Test facility (DTT), under construction in Frascati (DTT 2019 DTT interim design report (2019)) Italy, and with the description of the main target plasma scenarios of the device. The main goal of the facility will be the study of the power exhaust, intended as a fully integrated core-edge problem, and eventually to propose an optimized divertor for the European DEMO plant. The approach used to design the facility is described and their main features are reported, by using simulations performed by state-of-the-art codes both for the bulk and edge studies. A detailed analysis of MHD, including also the possibility to study disruption events and Energetic Particles physics is also reported. Eventually, a description of the ongoing work to build-up a Research Plan written and shared by the full EUROfusion community is presented.
Bundled matrix product states represent low-energy excitations faithfully
Authors: Baker Thomas E , Seif Negar
Published: September 2024

We consider a set of density matrices. All of which are written in the same orbital basis, but the orbital basis size is less than the total Hilbert space size. We ask how each density matrix is related to each of the others by establishing a norm between density matrices based on the truncation error in a partial trace for a small set of orbitals. We find that states with large energy differences must have large differences in their density matrices. Small energy differences are divided into two groups, one where two density matrices have small differences and another where they are very different, as is the case of symmetry. We extend these ideas to a bundle of matrix product states and show that bond dimension of the wavefunction ansatz for two states with large energy differences are larger. Meanwhile, low energy differences can have nearly the same bond dimensions for similar states.
An experimental study on material removal rate and surface roughness of Cu-Al-Mn ternary shape memory alloys using CNC end milling
Authors: N Praveen , N G Siddesh Kumar , Prasad C Durga , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Suryakant , Hrishikesh H , Bavan Saravana , Prabhu Subramanya R , Kumar Prakash
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling parameters on Cu-Al-Mn SMAs (Shape memory alloys) to evaluate the effects on Surface Roughness (SR) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). The primary variables examined comprise of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Results indicate that the Shape Memory Effect (SME) is higher in Copper Aluminium Manganese (CAM 3) compared to CAM 1 and CAM 2, with SME improving from 3.5% to 5.5% as Manganese (Mn) content increases, reflecting an increase in dislocations within the metal’s crystal structure. Surface roughness increases with higher feed rates and depths of cut but decreases with increased cutting speed. MRR shows a positive correlation with feed rate, depth of cut, and cutting speed, though it decreases with higher Mn content. Notably, CAM 3 exhibits lower MRR compared to CAM 1 and CAM 2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveals that at lower feed rates (0.10 mm rev−1), the surface is smooth and free of ridges or feed marks, while at higher feed rates (0.18 mm rev−1), noticeable surface imperfections and plastic deformation occur. The addition of Mn improves surface smoothness and machinability, it also affects MRR. Further suggesting that Mn content and milling parameters significantly influence both the mechanical properties and machinability of Cu-Al-Mn SMAs respectively.
Log centres of noncommutative crepant resolutions are Kawamata log terminal: Remarks on a paper of Stafford and Van den Bergh
Authors: Ingalls Colin , Yasuda Takehiko
Published: September 2024

We show that if a finitely generated prime algebra

Δ
\Delta

is a finitely generated maximal Cohen-Macaulay module over its centre

Z
Z

, and has global dimension equal to

dim
⁡
Z

\dim Z

, then the pair given by its centre and ramification divisor is Kawamata log terminal.
Keep Your Singing Voice Healthy!
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny
Published: September 2024

This practical guide discusses the major elements of good vocal health from the medical point of view. It is authored by two otolaryngologists with decades of experience in helping singers perform their best. The purpose of this book is to enable singers to take ownership of their instrument, with pointers on diagnosing and managing their own vocal health. It includes clear explanations of common laryngeal disorders, and offers valuable advice on medications, diet, and exercise. Authored by two voice physicians, this practical guide discusses the major elements of good vocal health from a medical point of view. This book is written for singers, with the purpose of allowing them to take charge of their instrument and actively manage common health issues that may impact their profession. It includes clear explanations of common laryngeal disorders and offers valuable advice on medications, allergies, diet, and exercise. The overall purpose of the book is to help singers take informed ownership of their voice and their health.
The Glissando Test
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny
Published: September 2024

This brief chapter perhaps provides the most unique and valuable information in the book. It describes a simple way in which the singer can objectively evaluate her own voice and diagnose the cause of vocal difficulties. It shows how a singer can monitor the state of her vocal health and suggests when medical intervention may be necessary.
Muscle Tension and the Voice
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny
Published: September 2024

Singing with unnecessary and excessive muscle tension is common. This may be due to a variety of causes. This chapter explains the mechanism of muscle tension dysphonia and the impact of excess muscle tension on the voice. It also gives an overview of what might cause excess vocal tension, including tension in other parts of the head and neck and in more distant parts of the body. When the cause of excess tension is not obvious, a systematic evaluation of seemingly unrelated conditions needs to be considered.
A Practical Approach to Allergies
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny
Published: September 2024

Allergies are ubiquitous and their impact on singers may be significant. Given their schedule of frequent traveling and performing under varied circumstances, singers are at particular risk. This chapter describes what allergies are and how they may impair the voice. It also offers an approach to management, including diagnosis, prevention, and management of inhalant allergies and the symptoms they cause.
Exercise and Vocal Health
Authors: Jahn Anthony F , Cho Youngnan Jenny
Published: September 2024

Physical exercise is generally an important habit. This chapter looks at exercise in the context of singers, given their schedules and profession. Certain forms of exercise are recommended for the vocalist, while others may have a negative impact on the vocal apparatus. Particularly important for singers are exercises that strengthen the lower back and core. The authors recommend exercise that is practicable and will, along with a healthy diet, maintain both the performer and the vocal apparatus in optimal health.
Ideas of Possession in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
Authors: Steinert Ulrike , Russell Jonathan (Jonny)
Published: September 2024

This contribution adds to anthropological and historical studies on spirit possession with textual sources from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, asking to what extent concepts of possession can be grasped in these two cultures and whether these concepts resemble each other in any systematic way. The discussion focuses on exemplary cases of “negative” possession encountered in healing contexts. It analyzes descriptions of dis-ease states attributed to external superhuman agents (especially demons and spirits of the dead) in medical texts from Mesopotamia and Egypt, comparing their typical symptoms. The survey reveals that while both medical traditions share fundamental beliefs in superhuman agents causing a broad range of dis-ease states by attacking and taking control over human victims, Mesopotamian medical texts offer more specific descriptions of symptomologies akin to possession (in the sense of a displacement of the patient’s self) with characteristic changes in mind, body, and behavior. The less clear articulation of possession disorders in Egyptian medical sources may partially be due to the ambiguity of the case descriptions (where present) or recipe/incantation labels. Nevertheless, several similar themes and explanatory models of superhuman causation of altered states of being and related experiences can be observed in both Egyptian and Mesopotamian traditions.
Names of Authority in the Demonologies of Ancient Judaism and Christianity
Authors: Morris Michael J
Published: September 2024

The study of the Dead Sea Scrolls provides particular insight into the demonological material in the Synoptic Gospels, which in turn influenced and continue to influence Christian ideas of possession. This article examines relevant Qumran passages (e.g., 11Q11 and 4Q510-511) and Jewish Pseudepigrapha (e.g., Jubilees, 1 Enoch) in order to improve our understanding of possible origins of more recent beliefs and practices related to demonic affliction. Particular attention is given to the use of authoritative words and powerful names in anti-demonic formulas in antiquity, and their continued use in Christian traditions. Although there are differences and even points of contradiction in ancient and modern ideas of possession, there is also substantial continuity between ancient and modern belief systems, in particular the importance of authoritative names in both ancient and modern contexts.
My Body Made Me Do It
Authors: de Bruin Tom
Published: September 2024

While ancient and modern ideas of possession usually involve the invasion of the body by a demonic force that then takes control of behavior and speech, there is a less well-known etiology that sees “demons” within the body vying for control. Thus it is parts of the body itself that possess. When possession is seen as an internal process, the self is not seen as porous or permeable, but rather becomes an over-defined subject. Often internal demons cannot be exorcised, and instead the rational self, which is imagined as the “true” self, is constantly engaged in maintaining control by suppressing these evil, internal forces—though sometimes self-amputation is seen as an exorcistic solution. Though this view of possession is less common, it appears not only in antiquity but in discussions of pornography and sex addiction in contemporary (predominantly evangelical) Christian circles, in which the “flesh” or the body is to blame.
The Life Cycle of Dybbuk Possession in Judaism
Authors: Bilu Yoram
Published: September 2024

The historical trajectory of the dybbuk, the Jewish variant of spirit possession, begins in the sixteenth century and declines at the beginning of the twentieth century. The dybbuk emerged in an “ecological niche” where the mystical doctrines of gilgul (the transmigration of souls) and ibbur (impregnation) became widespread, and the body became the object of scrutiny and control. Increased secularization removed the dybbuk from public view, yet Ansky’s play The Dybbuk: Between Two Worlds appeared just as cases of dybbuk possession disappeared. In the last twenty years, several cases of dybbuk possession were publicly exorcised in Israel; thus the Jewish variant of spirit possession that disappeared at the beginning of the twentieth century has been resurfacing since the end of that century. Such new cases, which for the first time can be studied directly rather than through texts, shed new light on the nature and dynamics of dybbuk possession.
That Old Feeling
Authors: De Antoni Andrea
Published: September 2024

This anthropological study of the signs of possession viewed as “traditional” by Catholic exorcists and the affective experiences of demonic possession in contemporary Italy sheds light on how signs such as “aversion to the sacred” have been contextualized within the broader Catholic tradition and institutionalized in texts, regulations, and guidelines. Ethnographic data gathered through fieldwork shows how these affective symptoms become central in the identification of possession and, consequently, in possessed people’s lives. Discourses about signs of possession, often implemented through diagnostic “tests,” shape personal experiences, and bodily affects in turn influence ideas of “aversion to the sacred.” Thus this chapter highlights the processes through which the social, cultural, and semiotic dimensions of possession can become entangled with the affective and somatic aspects of the experience.
Possession and the Modern Soul in Bali and India
Authors: Hornbacher Annette , Sax William
Published: September 2024

Trance possession is attested and sometimes even cultivated in many human societies past and present. Its rejection as “deviant” in modern Western thought leads to medicalization or exorcism. Yet it is not the existence of trance possession that needs theoretical explanation but rather its radical repression and displacement as a legitimate discourse and part of public life in modern Western societies. In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam it is often seen in exclusively negative terms: people are “possessed” only by ghosts and demons. “Secular” societies reject it because it seems irrational and inconsistent with mainstream ideas about what constitutes a normal human subject. Research in India and Bali helps to refute both these assumptions. There are several “positive” forms of possession that do not require exorcism but rather are to be cultivated, for example, in helping to solve judicial disputes and to connect the community to nature.
Trance and Spirit Possession
Authors: Ryzhakova Svetlana
Published: September 2024

Possession in India can be studied at the meeting points of psychology, religious rites, and performing arts. The daivārādhane worship of local deities is the major social and religious institution of Tuḷunādu in South India. Ritual knowledge comes from sacred spirits who can visit humankind in visible forms and through the bodies of mediums. They can possess anyone, address anyone, perform miracles, and influence political and economic affairs. The negotiation and means of communication between local deities and people of various castes and walks of life, including issues of ethnicity and gender, can be analyzed in detail to show that while ancient and even archaic in some respects, the tradition is open to change, incorporating new figures and contemporary issues. At the same time, the performance of possession in daivārādhane worship can be choreographed as to withstand spontaneity and thus restrict any role for unplanned communication with the gods.
Demonic Possession and Curative Exorcism in Contemporary Jordan
Authors: Harwazinski Assia
Published: September 2024

Jordanian journalist Daliah al-Kury carried out investigative research into a criminal case in her hometown of Amman in 2014: a long-term unemployed baker killed his four-year-old daughter after his wife and sons had moved out of the house following two weeks of domestic conflict, leaving him alone with the girl. According to police and psychiatrists, he claimed his daughter was possessed by a djinn. Al-Kury presents interviews with imams and traditional healers as well as some examples of traditional exorcisms in order to analyze the case, digging deeper into the topic and reflecting on her own childhood, having been raised with such beliefs. The case reflects a conflict (not only) in Jordan between traditional religious beliefs and healing systems on the one hand, and secular modern medicine, psychiatry, and law on the other.
Colonial and Postcolonial Spirits
Authors: Mageo Jeannette
Published: September 2024

Following European colonization, Polynesians and Micronesians often became enthusiastically Christian. With Christianity as the dominant religion, local spirits became “demons.” Spirit possession shifted from a specialization of priests and those of high status to an affliction suffered mainly by girls or women, and from a blessing to a curse. Spirits and stories about them were transformed, reflecting changes in (post)colonial society. In the shift from spirit-centered religions toward a God-centered religion, emotional and psychological transitions were often slow and difficult. Under the cover of involuntary possessions, people gave themselves permission to enact banished elements of their cultures, and indeed to develop these. Possessing spirits thus did various kinds of historical and cultural work in different Pacific localities and periods, making the study of spirit possession a rich source of psychological and social history.
Dealing with Possession in Contemporary Germany
Authors: Utsch Michael
Published: September 2024

Experiences of possession are interpreted differently according to cultural and psychological contexts. Parapsychology attempts to understand the phenomena associated with possession at the level of generalized quantum theory. In fundamentalist Christian circles the human soul is understood within a dualistic framework in which demonic and divine powers are engaged in a constant battle for control. Neo-shamanistic movements seek to employ the spiritual powers of ancestors in healing. Medical-psychological diagnosis describes states of trance and possession as dissociative disorders, but religion-sensitive psychotherapy takes into account both the harmful and the helpful aspects of religious practice. This chapter contrasts these models and their methods for dealing with possession in modern Germany.
Trance, Dreams, and Possession
Authors: Hewitt Marsha Aileen
Published: September 2024

A comparativist approach in the psychoanalytic study of religion illuminates hermeneutic pathways to unconscious subjective experience. This approach contributes to recognizing and theorizing the culturally situated modalities of human suffering and the ambivalent nature of desire. A psychoanalytic reading of ethnographic case studies examines these themes as they appear through possession experiences, which open and maintain avenues of connection and communion with the dead and the living within the minds of individuals. Spirit possession is discussed in terms of what Michael Lambek calls the “co-habitation” of subjectivities. Theodor Adorno’s concept of subjectivity contributes to this chapter’s psychoanalytic reading of Tuhami, Vincent Crapanzano’s classic ethnography. The psychoanalytic approach presented here is neither diagnostic nor pathologizing. The central focus illuminates the creative and destructive dimensions of subjectivity and desire in the efforts made by contextually situated individuals to symbolize and articulate their internal worlds as they struggle to negotiate the permeable boundaries between human and spiritual worlds.
Possession and the Soul in the Context of New Shamanism
Authors: Rehn Julia
Published: September 2024

New Shamanism provides healing with the help of spirits that function as authorities and shape our understanding of human existence in the natural world. “Possession” with its idea of total external control proves particularly fascinating for those socialized in secular societies. Rituals give these states a spatial and temporal framework, and their treatment of mental disorders has been shown to have clearly positive effects. According to shamanic thought, loss of soul is a cause of trauma and leaves the individual vulnerable to becoming host to a spirit, although the term “possession” is now generally avoided. The person carrying out the treatment must have a high level of expertise in shamanic practice and a healthy relationship with his or her own spirits, which function as mediators between worlds. Due to different cultural receptions of “possession,” there is a certain tension between practice and public relations, even as demand for treatment increases.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer proteins influence root cap cuticle formation at primary root tips, promoting NaCl tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Uemura Yuta , Sakaoka Satomi , Morikami Atsushi , Tsukagoshi Hironaka
Published: September 2024

Root cap cuticles (RCCs), comprising mainly very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), promote salt tolerance by preventing ion influx. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer protein (LTPG)1 and LTPG2 participate in VLCFA deposition in the extracellular region, aiding RCC formation in the lateral roots. In this study, we investigated whether LTPG1 and LTPG2 have similar functions in the primary roots of young Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic analyses, fluorescence microscopy, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed that NaCl exposure induced LTPG1 and LTPG2 expression and promoted RCC formation in young primary roots. The loss of RCC in the ltpg1 and ltpg2 mutants resulted in increased NaCl sensitivity of root elongation. NaCl also upregulated the expression of several NaCl-responsive genes in ltpg1 and ltpg2. We conclude that RCC formation via LTPG function is pivotal in enhancing salt tolerance in young primary roots.
Pharmacological management of secondary chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Cocconi Federico , Schäfer Luise , Simeone Francesco , Jeyaraman Madhan , Maffulli Nicola
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) may bring lifelong consequences for affected patients and a high financial burden to the health care system.

Source of data

Published peer-reviewed scientific articles identified from EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus.

Areas of agreement

Surgery and blood pressure management are the main targets in acute SCI to avoid secondary damage.

Areas of controversy

The management of secondary chronic SCI is challenging, with unpredictable outcomes.

Growing points

Given the lack of consensus on pharmacological therapy for acute and secondary chronic SCI, the present study analyses the currently available drugs and treatment options to manage secondary chronic SCI.

Areas timely for developing research

Different approaches exist for the pharmacological management of secondary chronic SCI. One of the most investigated drugs, 4-aminopyridine, improves central motor conduction and shows improvement in neurological signs. Positive results in different areas have been observed in patients receiving the anti-spastic drugs tizanidine and baclofen or Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Growth hormone showed only minimal or no significant effects, and the therapy of secondary chronic SCI with riluzole has been poorly researched to date.