bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF N‐THIOSULFINYLANILINES. IV. REACTIONS OF N‐THIOSULFINYLANILINES WITH ELECTROPHILIC REAGENTS
Authors: INAGAKI Y. , OKAZAKI R. , INAMOTO N.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen des Thiosulfinylanilins (I) und des (mit dem Thiosulfinylanilin (IV) im Tautomerengleichgewicht befindlichen) Dithia‐aza‐ nonatriens (V) mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure werden untersucht und die Reaktionsmechanismen diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF CIS‐ AND TRANS‐2‐(3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYL)CYCLOBUTYLAMINE. CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRAINED ANALOGS OF DOPAMINE
Authors: MILLER D. D. , BOSSART J. F. , CHELEKIS K.
Published: April 2016

Piperonal (I) kondensiert mit dem S‐Ylid (II) zum Cyclobutanon (IIIa), dessen Oxim (IIIb) zu den isomeren Aminen (IVa) (katalytisch über Pt) bzw. (IVb) (Na/Isopropanol) reduziert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ADDITION REACTION OF METALATED 2‐(ALLYLOXY)BENZIMIDAZOLES TO ALDEHYDES AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ADDUCTS TO VINYLOXIRANES
Authors: YAMAGUCHI M. , MUKAIYAMA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Allyloxybenzimidazole (I) werden mit Butyllithium und anschließend mit Cadmiumiodid in metallierte Allylether übergeführt, die mit Aldehyden hauptsächlich zu den Addukten (II) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN β‐LACTAM SYNTHESIS. IV. SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(BIS(ALKYLTHIO)METHYLENEAMINO)‐2‐AZETIDINONES BY ACID CHLORIDE‐IMINE REACTION
Authors: HOPPE D. , RAUDE E.
Published: April 2016

Die aus den Glycinestern (Ia) über die Kaliumcarboxylate (Ib) dargestellten thermolabilen Säurechloride (Ic) reagieren in gekühlter Lösung mit den Iminen (II) und Triethylamin zu den Azetidinonen‐Q (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORINATION AND DEOXYGENATION IN THE VILSMEIER REACTION OF 1‐HYDROXYPYRAZOLES AND 1‐HYDROXYPYRAZOLE 2‐OXIDES
Authors: HANSEN J. F. , KIM Y. I. , MERRIGAN K. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus den 1‐Hydroxy‐pyrazol‐2‐oxiden (I) erhält man nach Vilsmeier über diskutierte Zwischenstufen, von denen z.B. (IV) isoliert werden konnte, die beiden Chlorierungsprodukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ACETYLENIC ESTERS WITH CYCLIC KETONES AND SUBSTITUTED ACETOPHENONES
Authors: SHANDALA M. Y. , AL‐KHASHAB A.‐E. Y. , AL‐JOBOUR N. H. , AL‐ARAB M. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation der substituierten Phenylpropiolsäureester (II) mit den Cyclischen Ketonen (III) führt zu dem 4‐Pyron (I) bzw. den 2‐Pyronen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NEWER XANTHOTOXIN DERIVATIVES WITH POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS
Authors: ATTIA A. , ISLAM A. M. , EL‐MAGHRABY A. M. , AMMAR Y.
Published: April 2016

Durch Rückflußkochen von Xanthotoxin‐4‐sulfonylchlorid mit Aminen wurden die Sulfonamide (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 3‐METHYLBUT‐2‐ENYLATED 1,3,5‐TRIHYDROXYXANTHONES
Authors: GUJRAL V. , GUPTA S. R.
Published: April 2016

Das Trihydroxyxanthenon (I) reagiert mit einem Methylbutenol in Gegenwart einer katalytischen Menge von BF3‐Et2 O zu einer Mischung aus (IIa ‐ c) neben unumgesetztem (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7,8‐DIHYDROQUINOLINONES
Authors: MAQUESTIAU A. , VAN HAVERBEKE Y. , VANDEN EYNDE J.‐J. , DE PAUW N.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation des Aminocyclohexenons (I) mit asymm. substituierten 1,3‐Diketonen (II) verläuft regiospezifisch zu den 7,8‐Dihydrochinolonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFIED TETRAHELICENE SYSTEMS. III. DOUBLY ORTHO‐BRIDGED TRIPHENYLAMINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: HELLWINKEL D. , SCHMIDT W.
Published: April 2016

Für detaillierte Untersuchungen des strukturabhängigen Racemisierungs‐ ′ verhaltens (Thermodynamik (Ermittlung der Racemisierungsbarrieren); eingehende Diskussion) bzw. im Zusammenhang damit werden die Verbindungen (Ib)‐(Im), (IV), (VI), (VIII), (IX), (Xb) und (XIV) dargestellt: Nitrierung von (Ia) (bekannt) unter verschiedenen Bedingungen liefert (Ib)‐(If); Reduktion von (Ib) bzw. (If) gibt (Ig) [→(Ih)] bzw. (Ii) [→(Ij)]; (II) und (Im) sind aus (Ia) erhältlich; (Ik) wird aus dem Diester (II) über die Stufe (III) dargestellt; (IVa) ist analog zugänglich; (IVb) wird aus der Verbindung (V) gewonnen und wird in die Verbindungen (VI) übergefuhrt; die Heterocyclen (IVe) werden aus (VIIa) dargestellt; (VIIb) liefert das Derivat (VIII) (Isomerengemisch).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AMIDOXIMES WITH DIPHENYLCYCLOPROPENONE. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYL‐5,6‐DIPHENYLPYRIMIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: TAKAHASHI M. , WATANABE S.
Published: April 2016

Die Arylamidoxime (I) reagieren mit Diphenylcyclopropenon (II) in siedendem Toluol zu den Pyrimidinonen (III), von denen der Phenylvertreter auch aus dem Oxazinon (IV) und wäßrigem Ammoniak entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 1,3,9‐TRIAZAANTHRACENES
Authors: CAPUANO L. , BRONDER M. , DJOKAR K. , MUELLER I. +
Published: April 2016

Wittig‐Reaktion des Bromacetats (I) mit den Isocyanaten (IV) liefert die noch nicht beschriebenen Triazaanthracene (VIII) und oder (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONS WITH BIS(CHLORONITROSO)COMPOUNDS. III. REACTIONS WITH SALTS AND ESTERS OF DITHIOCARBAZIC ACID AND N‐PHENYLDITHIOCARBAZIC ACID
Authors: BEGER J. , THIELEMANN C. , THONG P. D.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (I) reagieren mit den Salzen der Dithiocarbazinsäuren (II) zu deren Estern (III), wobei in einigen Fällen die Umsetzung ohne Erhitzen vorgenommen werden muß.
ChemInform Abstract: VICINAL DEHYDROBROMINATION OF (α‐BROMOVINYL)CHLOROSILANES WITH QUINOLINE. A NEW ROUTE TO ETHYNYLCHLOROSILANES
Authors: MATSUMOTO H. , KATO T. , MATSUBARA I. , HOSHINO Y. , NAGAI Y.
Published: April 2016

Mit Chinolin lassen sich die Bromvinylchlorsilane (I) zu den Ethinylderivaten (II) dehydrobromieren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF (DICHLOROPHOSPHINYL)METHANESULFONYL CHLORIDE
Authors: FILD M. , RIECK H.‐P.
Published: April 2016

Die Substitution von C1 durch F in dem nach bekannter Methode synthetisierten Phosphinylmethansulfonylchlorid (I) wird mit AsF3 erreicht und liefert abhängig von der Reaktionstemp. und ‐dauer das Fluoiid (IIa) oder (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC PHOSPHORYLATION OF CHLORO DERIVATIVES OF 5‐NITROPYRIMIDINES
Authors: ONYS'KO P. P. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , CHERKASOV V. M. , BOLDYREV I. V.
Published: April 2016

Trialkylphosphite (II) reagieren mit den 4‐substituierten 5‐Nitro‐6‐chlorpyrimidinen (Ia) und (Ib) zu den entsprechenden 5‐Nitro‐6‐dialkylphosphoryl‐pyrimidinen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF BINUCLEAR MOLYBDENOCENE AND TUNGSTENOCENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: BERRY M. , COOPER N. J. , GREEN M. L. H. , SIMPSON S. J.
Published: April 2016

Das Tetramere (I) reagiert mit N2O zu einer Mischung der Verbindungen (II) und (III), die als ein cis‐ und ein trans‐Isomeres angesehen werden, ohne daß eine Zuordnung erfolgt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES TOWARD COMPLEX DITERPENOIDS. STEREOCONTROLLED TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF SOME GIBBANE SYNTHONS AND DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF GIBBERELLINS
Authors: GHATAK U. R. , CHAKRABORTI P. C.
Published: April 2016

Das Indanon (I) reagiert mit Vinylgrignardreagens zum Addukt (II), das nach Dehydratisierung zum Dien (III) mit den Acrylestern (IV) zu den isomeren Fluorencarbonsäurederivaten (V)‐(VIII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OCIMENOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS FROM 5‐CHLORO‐2‐PENTANONE
Authors: KISE H. , SATO T. , YASUOKA T. , SENO M. , ASAHARA T.
Published: April 2016

5‐Chlor‐2‐pentanon (I) und Vinylmagnesiumbromid (II) geben das Addukt (III), aus dem die isomeren Diene (IV) und (V) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL BILE ACID METABOLITES. 2. 3,7,12‐TRISUBSTITUTED 5β‐CHOLANIC ACIDS
Authors: CHANG F. C.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Diacetat (Ia) werden die Derivate (Ib)‐(Id) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON STEROIDS. PART CLI. STEREOSELECTIVE HYDROGEN ELIMINATION AT C‐2 IN N THE TRANSFORMATION OF 5β‐PREGNANE‐3,11,20‐TRIONE BY SEPTOMYXA AFFINIS
Authors: IKEGAWA S. , HINO Y. , NAMBARA T.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Dehydrierung der Pregnant?one (I) mit Septomyxa af?nis entstehen hauptsächlich die beiden Steroide (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESES OF HUMAN BIG GASTRIN I AND ITS 32‐LEUCINE ANALOG. 3. PREPARATION OF THE FULLY PROTECTED (TETRATRIACONTAPEPTIDE AMIDE) SEQUENCES
Authors: WENDLBERGER G. , MORODER L. , HALLETT A. , WUENSCH E. +
Published: April 2016

1. Mit Hilfe der in den vorangehenden Mitt. beschriebenen synthetisierten Fragmente (I), (II), (IV), (VI), (VII) und (X) wird wie im Formelschema angegeben (außerdem werden 2 weitere alternative Reaktionswege mit ähnlichen Gesamtausb· beschrieben) die Gesamtsequenz (XI) von Human‐Big‐Gastrin I synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES. 112. SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)‐1,3,5‐TRIAZINES AND THEIR C‐NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: TAM S. Y. K. , KLEIN R. S. , WEMPEN I. , FOX J. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Pyrazolotriazinen (I) entsteht das Thiono‐Derivat (II), das zu (III) methyliert und dann mit Hydroxylamin zu (IV) ausgetauscht werden kann.
Slotted plate device to measure the yield stress of biofluids
Authors: De Kee Daniel , Rice David , Leissinger Cindy , Meng Bin
Published: April 2016

The slotted plate device by Zhu et al.1,2 was redesigned to allow for the measurement of very low yield stress values that occur with complex biofluids. The newly built apparatus improves the force measurement with a balance of fine resolution and smooths the vertical motion via a lab jack. The slotted plate geometry was optimized to further reduce wall slip as well as pressure drag via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To improve on the yield stress measurement accuracy, the new design has a large slot area ratio and a large number of slots, as well as sharp front and rear edges. Test results for a few structured fluids, including blood, are compared with yield stress values determined via a TA Instruments AR‐2000 rheometer.
Bayesian inference for high‐dimensional linear regression under mnet priors
Authors: Tan Aixin , Huang Jian
Published: April 2016

For regression problems that involve many potential predictors, the Bayesian variable selection (BVS) method is a powerful tool. This method associates each model with its posterior probability and achieves excellent prediction performance through Bayesian model averaging. The main challenges of using such models include specifying a suitable prior and computing posterior quantities for inference. We contribute to the literature of BVS modelling in the following aspects. We first propose a new family of priors, called the mnet prior, which is indexed by a few hyperparameters that allow great flexibility in the prior density. The hyperparameters can also be treated as random, so that their values need not be tuned manually, but will instead adapt to the data. Simulation studies are used to demonstrate good prediction and variable selection performances of these models. Secondly, the analytical expression of the posterior distribution is unavailable for the BVS model under the mnet prior in general, as is the case for most BVS models. We develop an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that facilitates the computation in high‐dimensional regression problems. We finally showcase various ways to do inference with BVS models, highlighting a new way to visualize the importance of each predictor along with estimation of the coefficients and their uncertainties. These are demonstrated through the analysis of a breast cancer gene expression dataset.The Canadian Journal of Statistics44: 180–197; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Cytologic features of angiosarcoma: A review of 26 cases diagnosed on FNA
Authors: Geller Rachel L. , Hookim Kim , Sullivan Harold C. , Stuart Lauren N. , Edgar Mark A. , Reid Michelle D.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

This study describes the cytologic features of 26 angiosarcomas diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration.

METHODS

Twenty‐six angiosarcomas from 20 patients were confirmed by cytomorphology and immunocytochemical (immunohistochemistry) positivity for at least 2 of 3 vascular markers. Specimens were examined for spindled/epithelioid/plasmacytoid single cells, 3‐dimensional clusters, multiple prominent/bar‐shaped nucleoli (5 times longer than their width), chromatin strands, abnormal mitoses, necrosis, and vasoformative features.

RESULTS

Eight males and 12 females with a mean age of 52 years (range, 2‐94 years) underwent aspiration of tumors in the following: soft tissue or skin/subcutis (n = 10), bone (n = 4), nodes (n = 5), lung (n = 2), liver (n = 2), heart (n = 1), parotid gland (n = 1), and pleural fluid (n = 1). An angiosarcoma diagnosis was rendered for 24 of the 26 cases (92%); 1 was diagnosed as “atypical cells, cannot exclude angiosarcoma,” and another was diagnosed as a malignant vascular neoplasm. Abnormal mitoses were most frequent (85%), and they were followed by single malignant cells (81%: epithelioid [69%], spindled [62%], and plasmacytoid [19%]), 3‐dimensional clusters (54%), multiple prominent (62%) or bar‐shaped nucleoli (54%), and chromatin strands (31%). Vasoformative features, including hemophagocytosis (54%), cytoplasmic lumina/vacuoles (69%) containing red blood cells (54%)/neutrophils (31%), and endothelial wrapping (69%), were seen in 88%; 23% had all vasoformative features, 88% had at least 1, and 12% had none.

CONCLUSIONS

Angiosarcomas show a range of cytomorphologic features that make them potentially recognizable on cytology. Although vasoformative features are highly suggestive, they are not specific for angiosarcoma and may be seen in some nonvascular neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry and a high index of suspicion are required for an accurate diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:659–68. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Multimodality imaging‐guided left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sommer Anders , Kronborg Mads Brix , Nørgaard Bjarne Linde , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Bouchelouche Kirsten , Böttcher Morten , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Jensen Jesper Møller , Kristensen Jens , Gerdes Christian , Mortensen Peter Thomas , Nielsen Jens Cosedis
Published: April 2016

Aim

Left ventricular (LV) lead position at the latest mechanically activated non‐scarred myocardial LV region confers improved response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We conducted a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the clinical benefit of multimodality imaging‐guided LV lead placement in CRT.

Methods and results

Patients were allocated (1:1) to imaging‐guided LV lead placement using cardiac computed tomography (CT) venography, 99mTechnetium myocardial perfusion imaging, and speckle‐tracking echocardiography radial strain to target the optimal coronary sinus (CS) branch closest to the non‐scarred myocardial segment with latest mechanical activation (imaging group, n = 89) or to routine LV lead implantation in a posterolateral region with late electrical activation (control group, n = 93). The primary endpoint was clinical non‐response to CRT [≥1 of the following after 6 months: (1) death, (2) heart failure hospitalization, or (3) no improvement in New York Heart Association class and <10% increase in 6‐min walk distance]. Secondary outcomes included LV remodelling and the combination of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization owing to heart failure during 1.8 ± 0.9 years. Analysis was intention‐to‐treat. In the imaging group, fewer patients reached the primary endpoint (26% vs. 42%, P = 0.02). More patients in the imaging group had the LV lead placed in the optimal CS branch (83% vs. 65%, P = 0.01). There were no between‐group differences in reverse LV remodelling or the combined endpoint of death or hospitalizations for heart failure.

Conclusions

Multimodality imaging‐guided LV lead placement towards the CS branch closest to latest mechanically activated non‐scarred myocardial LV segment reduces the proportion of clinical non‐responders to CRT. Larger long‐term multicentre studies are needed.
Deep‐Red Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Chromophoric N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Photophysical Properties, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Lanoë Pierre‐Henri , Chan Jonny , Gontard Geoffrey , Monti Filippo , Armaroli Nicola , Barbieri Andrea , Amouri Hani
Published: April 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Hani Amouri at Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, and Andrea Barbieri at the CNR, Bologna, Italy. The cover image shows an octahedral cyclometalated iridium complex containing an N‐heterocyclic carbene attached to a naphthalimide chromophore.
Reaction performance study on denitration in aqueous solution of the dual oxidant (H2O2/S2)
Authors: Wang Zhiping , Wang Zuwu
Published: April 2016

The reaction performance study on NO removal by using the dual oxidant (H2O2/S2) solution was carried out in self‐designed bubbling reactor. The experimental results showed that NO removal efficiency was up to 92.9% at pH 11. The results of the thermodynamics calculation verified that NO removal by using strong alkaline dual oxidant (H2O2/S2) solution was feasible. The results of the kinetic study showed that the reaction between NO and dual oxidant (H2O2/S2) in strong alkaline condition was found to be 1.5‐order with respect to NO, and the average activation energy of this reaction was 26.32 kJ mol−1in the quick‐reaction zone. The ion chromatography (IC) analysis results in strong alkaline condition showed thatandwere the final ionic product in spent reaction solution. This dual oxidant (H2O2/S2) was a promising oxidant for the simultaneous wet removal of NO and SO2with high efficiency, no secondary pollution and low cost. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1361–1366, 2016
Nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: A European Union–United States perspective on the status of ecotoxicity testing, research priorities, and challenges ahead
Authors: Selck Henriette , Handy Richard D. , Fernandes Teresa F. , Klaine Stephen J. , Petersen Elijah J.
Published: April 2016

The European Union–United States Communities of Research were established in 2012 to provide a platform for scientists to develop a “shared repertoire of protocols and methods to overcome nanotechnology environmental health and safety (nanoEHS) research gaps and barriers” (www.us-eu.org/). Based on work within the Ecotoxicology Community of Research (2012–2015) the present Focus article provides an overview of the state of the art of nanomaterials (NMs) in the aquatic environment by addressing different research questions, with a focus on ecotoxicological test systems and the challenges faced when assessing NM hazards (e.g., uptake routes, bioaccumulation, toxicity, test protocols, and model organisms). The authors' recommendation is to place particular importance on studying the ecological effects of aged/weathered NMs, as-manufactured NMs, and NMs released from consumer products in addressing the following overarching research topics: 1) NM characterization and quantification in environmental and biological matrices; 2) NM transformation in the environment and consequences for bioavailability and toxicity; 3) alternative methods to assess exposure; 4) influence of exposure scenarios on bioavailability and toxicity; 5) development of more environmentally realistic bioassays; and 6) uptake, internal distribution, and depuration of NMs. Research addressing these key topics will reduce uncertainty in ecological risk assessment and support the sustainable development of nanotechnology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1055–1067. © 2016 SETAC
Critical rainfall statistics for predicting watershed flood responses: rethinking the design storm concept
Authors: Knighton James O. , Walter M. Todd
Published: April 2016

Recent advances have been made to modernize estimates of probable precipitation scenarios; however, researchers and engineers often continue to assume that rainfall events can be described by a small set of event statistics, typically average intensity and event duration. Given the easy availability of precipitation data and advances in desk‐top computational tools, we suggest that it is time to rethink the ‘design storm’ concept. Design storms should include more holistic characteristics of flood‐inducing rain events, which, in addition to describing specific hydrologic responses, may also be watershed or regionally specific.

We present a sensitivity analysis of nine precipitation event statistics from observed precipitation events within a 60‐year record for Tompkins County, NY, USA. We perform a two‐sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test to objectively identify precipitation event statistics of importance for two related hydrologic responses: (1) peak outflow from the Six Mile Creek watershed and (2) peak depth within the reservoir behind the Six Mile Creek Dam. We identify the total precipitation depth, peak hourly intensity, average intensity, event duration, interevent duration, and several statistics defining the temporal distribution of precipitation events to be important rainfall statistics to consider for predicting the watershed flood responses. We found that the two hydrologic responses had different sets of statistically significant parameters.

We demonstrate through a stochastic precipitation generation analysis the effects of starting from a constrained parameter set (intensity and duration) when predicting hydrologic responses as opposed to utilizing an expanded suite of rainfall statistics. In particular, we note that the reduced precipitation parameter set may underestimate the probability of high stream flows and therefore underestimate flood hazard. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ supramolecular hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and dextran derivatives as cell scaffold
Authors: Chen Jing‐Xiao , Cao Lu‐Juan , Shi Yu , Wang Ping , Chen Jing‐Hua
Published: April 2016

In this study, hyaluronic acid‐β‐cyclodextrin conjugate (HA‐CD) and dextran‐2‐naphthylacetic acid conjugate (Dex‐NAA) were synthesized as two gelators. The degrees of substitution (DS) of these two gelators were determined to be 15.5 and 7.4%, respectively. Taking advantages of the strong and selective host–guest interaction between β‐CD and 2‐NAA, the mixture of two gelators could form supramolecular hydrogel in situ. Moreover, the pore size, gelation time, swelling ratio as well as modulus of the hydrogel could be adjusted by simply varying the contents of HA‐CD and Dex‐NAA. NIH/3T3 cells that entrapped in hydrogel grew well as compared with that cultured in plates, indicating a favorable cytocompatibility of the hydrogel. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the HA‐Dex hydrogel could potentially be applied in tissue engineering as cell scaffold. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2263–2270, 2016.
A microscopy method for scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of the antibacterial activity of polymeric nanoparticles on a biofilm with an ionic liquid
Authors: Takahashi Chisato , Muto Shunsuke , Yamamoto Hiromitsu
Published: April 2016

In this study, we developed a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) method for imaging the antibacterial activity of organic polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) toward biofilms formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial cells, for optimizing NPs to treat biofilm infections. The combination of sample preparation method using a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) and STEM observation using the cooling holder eliminates the need for specialized equipment and techniques for biological sample preparation. The annular dark‐field STEM results indicated that the two types of biodegradable poly‐(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) NPs: PLGA modified with chitosan (CS), and clarithromycin (CAM)‐loaded + CS‐modified PLGA, prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion exhibited different antibacterial activities in nanoscale. To confirm damage to the sample during STEM observation, we observed the PLGA NPs and the biofilm treated with PLGA NPs by both the conventional method and the newly developed method. The optimized method allows microstructure of the biofilm treated with PLGA NPs to be maintained for 25 min at a current flow of 40 pA. The developed simple sample preparation method would be helpful to understand the interaction of drugs with target materials. In addition, this technique could contribute to the visualization of other deformable composite materials at the nanoscale level. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1432–1437, 2017.
Time course of surface characteristics of alkali‐ and heat‐treated titanium dental implants during vacuum storage
Authors: Kamo Michimasa , Kyomoto Masayuki , Miyaji Fumiaki
Published: April 2016

Current efforts to shorten the healing times of life‐long dental implants and prevent their fouling by organic impurities have focused on using surface‐modification treatments and alternative packaging, respectively. In this study, we investigated the time course of the surface characteristics, including the wettability, a protein‐adsorption and apatite‐formation abilities, of alkali‐ and heat‐treated (AH‐treated) Ti samples during storage in vacuum over a period of 52 weeks. The AH treatment resulted in the formation of a nanometer‐scale needle‐like rougher surface of the Ti samples. Although the water contact angle of the AH‐treated Ti sample increased slightly, it remained as low as approximately 10° even after storage in vacuum for 52 weeks. There was no significant difference in the protein‐adsorption and apatite‐formation abilities of the AH‐treated Ti sample before and after storage. Further, the AH‐treated Ti sample exhibited greater protein‐adsorption and apatite‐formation abilities compared with the untreated one; regardless of the samples stored in vacuum or not. Apatite formed only on the AH‐treated Ti surface. Therefore, subjecting Ti dental implants to the AH treatment and storing them in vacuum should help prevent their surfaces from getting contaminated. Further, it is expected that AH‐treated Ti dental implants controllably aged during a shelf storage will exhibit high stability and bone‐bonding bioactivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1453–1460, 2017.
Characterization of the quasi‐static and viscoelastic properties of orthopaedic bone cement at the macro and nanoscale
Authors: Slane Josh , Vivanco Juan F. , Squire Matthew , Ploeg Heidi‐Lynn
Published: April 2016

Acrylic bone cement is often used in total joint replacement procedures to anchor an orthopaedic implant to bone. Bone cement is a viscoelastic material that exhibits creep and stress relaxation properties, which have been previously characterized using a variety of techniques such as flexural testing. Nanoindentation has become a popular method to characterize polymer mechanical properties at the nanoscale due to the technique's high sensitivity and the small sample volume required for testing. The purpose of the present work therefore was to determine the mechanical properties of bone cement using traditional macroscale techniques and compare the results to those obtained from nanoindentation. To this end, the quasi‐static and viscoelastic properties of two commercially available cements, Palacos and Simplex, were assessed using a combination of three‐point bending and nanoindentation. Quasi‐static properties obtained from nanoindentation tended to be higher relative to three‐point bending. The general displacement and creep compliance trends were similar for the two methods. These findings suggest that nanoindentation is an attractive characterization technique for bone cement, due to the small sample volumes required for testing. This may prove particularly useful in testing failed/retrieved cement samples from patients where material availability is typically limited. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1461–1468, 2017.
Assessment of Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Serum Samples of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Fluorescence‐Based Method Versus ELISA
Authors: Vancevska Aleksandra , Nikolic Aleksandra , Bonaci‐Nikolic Branka , Skiljevic Dusan , Radojkovic Dragica
Published: April 2016

Background

We report the improvement of previously described method for determining deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity in serum samples that uses a fluorescently labeled DNA fragment as a substrate

Methods

Activity of serum DNase was analyzed in 31 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 13 healthy individuals by fluoresence‐based method and ELISA test

Results

We found a mean decrease in DNase activity between cases and controls of 12.46% measured by the fluoresence‐based method and of 12.21% measured by ELISA method. High level of positive correlation between two methods for DNase activity was observed: P < 0.001 and Pearson correlation coefficient 0.740. Decreased DNase activity was found in 25 of 31 SLE patients (81%) by fluoresence‐based method and in 24 of 31 SLE patients (77%) by ELISA test. We also observed the significant positive correlation between titer of anti‐dsDNA antibodies and DNase activity measured by both methods (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The key improvement is the use of internal control in the fluorescence‐based method, which diminishes the influence of technical errors on the obtained results and increases reliability of the assay. This improved fluorescence‐based method, with additional validation, may provide an alternative to more expensive and time‐consuming conventional methods, such as ELISA.
Setting priorities for reducing risk and advancing patient safety
Authors: Gaffey Ann D.
Published: April 2016

We set priorities every day in both our personal and professional lives. Some decisions are easy, while others require much more thought, participation, and resources. The difficult or less appealing priorities may not be popular, may receive push‐back, and may be resource intensive. Whether personal or professional, the urgency that accompanies true priorities becomes a driving force. It is that urgency to ensure our patients' safety that brings many of us to work each day. This is not easy work. It requires us to be knowledgeable about the enterprise we are working in and to have the professional skills and competence to facilitate setting the priorities that allow our organizations to minimize risk and maximize value.
A Comparison between office and other ambulatory practices: Analysis from the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry
Authors: Jani Samir R. , Shapiro Fred E. , Gabriel Rodney A. , Kordylewski Hubert , Dutton Richard P. , Urman Richard D.
Published: April 2016

Ambulatory and office‐based surgery is expanding rapidly. While growth continues, there are lingering patient safety concerns. To this end, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) created the Anesthesia Quality Institute (AQI), which collected patient and procedural characteristics on 23 341 130 anesthetics from all health care settings from 2010 to 2014. Of these, 179 618 office and 4 627 379 ambulatory cases were isolated and compared. Our findings show that although both settings are often grouped together, there are statistically significant differences in patient demographics, procedure types, and reported adverse events. Among these reports, inadequate postoperative pain control and nausea/vomiting are the most common issue. More serious events such as death, cardiac arrest, and vision loss occurred but were rare.
MR imaging of the fetal cerebellar vermis: Biometric predictors of adverse neurologic outcome
Authors: Xi Yin , Brown Emily , Bailey April , Twickler Diane M.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To provide normal biometry of the cerebellar vermis using fetal MR and determine threshold values associated with abnormal neurologic outcome.

Materials and Methods

Cerebellar vermis biometry was applied in prospective, cross‐sectional evaluation of fetal brains. Vermis length and inferior vermian distance were obtained in mid‐sagittal planes using T2‐weighted, single‐shot sequences with 1.5 Tesla MR. Measurements were compared with reference nomograms from a retrospective review of fetal brains with normal intracranial anatomy. Observed and predicted measurements of the cerebellar vermis were recorded. Neurologic outcome was classified as normal or abnormal. Unpaired t‐tests and discriminate analysis were applied to the two measurements and differences between the observed and predicted values.

Results

The reference group included 64 fetuses of 13 to 38 weeks gestation. Both vermis length and inferior vermian distance increased linearly with time (r = 0.92, P < 0.001; r = 0.32, P = 0.01). The prospective group included 64 additional fetuses with documented normal (39/64, 61%) and abnormal (25/64, 39%) outcomes. Significant differences were seen in vermis length, inferior vermian distance, and correlation with predicted values based on neurologic outcome (P < 0.001). Vermis length discrepancy ≥ 4 mm or inferior vermian distance ≥ 4 mm were associated with abnormal neurologic outcome.

Conclusion

MR measurements of a short, raised vermis characterized by a vermis length discrepancy ≥ 4 mm or an inferior vermian distance ≥ 4 mm is associated with abnormal neurologic, syndromic, and developmental outcomes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1284–1292.
Diagnostic accuracy of liver imaging reporting and data system (LI‐RADS) v2014 for intrahepatic mass‐forming cholangiocarcinomas in patients with chronic liver disease on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Joo Ijin , Lee Jeong Min , Lee Sang Min , Lee Jeong Sub , Park Jin Young , Han Joon Koo
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To investigate the utility of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) v2014 for intrahepatic mass‐forming cholangiocarcinomas (IMCC) on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study was approved by our Institutional Review Board with waiver of informed consent. Pathologically confirmed IMCCs (n = 35) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (n = 71) in patients with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis who had undergone gadoxetic acid‐enhanced 3.0T or 1.5T MRI were included. Three radiologists independently assigned LI‐RADS categories for each IMCC or HCC. Diagnostic performances of LR‐M (probable malignancy, not specific for HCC) and LR‐5/5v (definitely HCC) were investigated, and imaging features were compared between IMCCs of LR‐M and non‐LR‐M.

Results

In all, 88.6% (31/35), 80.0% (28/35), and 74.3% (26/35) of IMCCs and 12.7% (9/71), 22.5% (16/71), and 16.9% (12/71) of HCCs were assigned as LR‐M by the three reviewers with substantial interobserver agreements (kappa = 0.664–0.741). Among IMCCs, 2.9% (1/35), 5.7% (2/35), and 11.4% (4/35) were categorized as LR‐5/5v. IMCCs of non‐LR‐M (n = 8, using the consensus method) were significantly smaller (24.1 ± 17.4 vs. 62.8 ± 30.6 mm, P = 0.002) and showed higher frequencies of arterial hyperenhancement (75.0% (6/8) vs. 7.4% (2/27), P < 0.001) and lower frequencies of non‐HCC malignancy‐favoring features such as peripheral enhancement (12.5% (1/8) vs. 77.8% (21/27), P = 0.002) or the target appearance on the hepatobiliary phase (0% (0/8) vs. 81.5% (22/27), P < 0.001) than IMCCs of LR‐M (n = 27).

Conclusion

Using LI‐RADS, the majority of IMCCs can be accurately categorized as LR‐M on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI; however, caution is warranted, as some atypical IMCCs may be assigned as LR‐5/5v resulting in a false‐positive diagnosis of HCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1330–1338.
Musculoskeletal loading in the symptomatic and asymptomatic knees of middle‐aged osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Sritharan Prasanna , Lin Yi‐Chung , Richardson Sara E. , Crossley Kay M. , Birmingham Trevor B. , Pandy Marcus G.
Published: April 2016

This study quantified the contributions by muscles, gravity, and inertia to the tibiofemoral compartment forces in the symptomatic (SYM) and asymptomatic (ASYM) limbs of varus mal‐aligned medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and compared the results with healthy controls (CON). Muscle forces and tibiofemoral compartment loads were calculated using gait data from 39 OA patients and 15 controls aged 49 ± 7 years. Patients exhibited lower knee flexion angle, higher hip abduction, and knee adduction angles, lower internal knee flexion torque but higher external knee adduction moment. Muscle forces were highest in CON except hamstrings, which was highest in SYM. ASYM muscle forces were lowest for biceps femoris short head and gastrocnemius but otherwise intermediate between SYM and CON. In all subjects, vasti, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and gravity were the largest contributors to medial compartment force (MCF). Inertial contributions were negligible. Highest MCF was found in SYM throughout stance. Small increases in contributions from hamstrings, gluteus maximus, gastrocnemius, and gravity at the first peak; soleus and rectus femoris at the second peak; and soleus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gravity during mid‐stance summed to produce significantly higher total MCF. Compared to CON, the ASYM limb exhibited similar peak MCF but higher mid‐stance MCF. In patients, diminished non‐knee‐spanning muscle forces did not produce correspondingly diminished MCF contributions due to the influence of mal‐alignment. Our findings emphasize consideration of muscle function, lower‐limb alignment, and mid‐stance loads in developing interventions for OA, and inclusion of the asymptomatic limb in clinical assessments. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:321–330, 2017.
Modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for the total glossectomy defects: Effect on quality of life
Authors: Gangiti Kranthi Kumar , Gondi Jonathan T. , Nemade Hemantkumar , Sampathirao L.M. Chandra Sekhara Rao , Raju K.V.V.N. , Rao T. Subramanyeshwar
Published: April 2016

Background

There is a general notion that, total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation leads to high dependency of tracheostomy and/or feeding tube. The objective of this study is to analyze the quality of life in terms of tube dependency following total glossectomy with a modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMC) reconstruction and laryngeal suspension.

Materials and Methods

The retrospective study included consecutive patients operated from July 2012 to February 2015 proven advanced Carcinoma of tongue. We analyzed the time to wean off tracheostomy and feeding tube in 56 patients who underwent total glossectomy and a modified technique of PMMC reconstruction.

Result

The median time for tracheostomy weaning was 10 days and nasogastric tube was 16 days.

Conclusion

Modified technique of reconstruction with PMMC in total glossectomy is a viable option with minimal functional morbidity. Quality of life in terms of tracheostomy and feeding tube dependency is minimal. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:32–35. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying the Sediment Transport Capacity in Eroding Rills Using a REE Tracing Method
Authors: Zhang Qingwen , Lei Tingwu , Huang Xinjun
Published: April 2016

Quantifying the sediment transport capacity is crucial for better understanding of water erosion process. The limit for quantifying soil erosion process is due to a lack of spatially distributed sediment data. The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of elements with unique properties for the potential study of soil sediment transport capacity, due to its characteristics as being strongly bound to soil particles and not interfere with sediment detachment, and transportation processes. The objective of this study was to estimate the sediment transport capacity in eroding rills using the REE tracing method. Ten REE oxides (Ho2O3, Tb4O7, Eu2O3, Yb2O3, Dy2O3, Sm2O3, La2O3, Tm2O3, CeO2, and Nd2O3) were used as tracers mixed with soil. A flume experiment combined with five slopes and four flow rates was conducted. Water flow rates of 2, 4, and 8 L min−1 (L min−1) were taken for the three steeper slopes in the experiment, and flow rates of 4, 8, and 12 L min−1 were taken for the two gentle slopes. Water flow was pumped to a tan and introduced to the inlet of a flume with 8‐m long and 0·1‐m wide, which were divided into ten equal segments, with each segment containing a tabbed REE‐soil mixture. The sediment load along different length rills was calculated from the REE concentrations in the eroded material and its background reference value. With an exponential rise to maximum equation between sediment loads with the downslope distance along eroding rills, we developed a method to quantify the sediment transport capacity. The results obtained by the REE tracing method confirmed that sediment transport capacity increased as a power function with flow rate and slope gradient, with a determination of coefficient (R2) of 0·93 (p < 0·001). Sediment transport capacity was more dependent on the flow rate and less on the slope gradient with larger exponent for the flow rate. The results from this study showed that the REE method is helpful to estimate the sediment transport capacity in a concentrated flow on the sloping cropland, and to improve understanding the processes of water erosion. However, the feasibility of using the REE for quantifying sediment transport should be further investigated at the field scale on complex landscapes and under natural rainfall. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations with 4‐cyclic symmetry
Authors: Yamazaki Masao
Published: April 2016

This paper is concerned with the stationary Navier–Stokes equation in the whole plane and in the two–dimensional exterior domain invariant under the action of the cyclic group of order 4, and gives a condition on the potentials yielding the external force, and on the boundary value, sufficient for the unique existence of a small solution equivariant with respect to the aforementioned cyclic group.
Long‐Term Oriented Marketing Relationships and Ethical Conduct in Outsourcing Sector
Authors: Ndubisi Nelson Oly , Malhotra Naresh K. , Capel Celine Marie , Agarwal James , Satkunasingam Elsa , Ndubisi Gibson C. , Patil Ashutosh
Published: April 2016

The study evaluates the positive effect of long‐term oriented marketing relationship on ethical conduct from the perspective of the service provider (i.e., the agent‐firm), by integrating the relevant literature from relationship marketing, ethics, and long‐term orientation domains. The paper proposes that service providers that build relationship quality with their clients will display increased ethical conduct toward them. Specifically, the study examines the positive influence of the dimensions of relationship quality (that are relevant to the offshoring services context) that the service provider firm's employees undertake and their impact on ethical conduct. Overall, the results indicate that the commitment‐only full mediation model of relationship marketing variables on ethical conduct is a better representation than both direct‐effects model and other competing mediating models examined in this study. Fundamentally, it means that customer service officers should incorporate long‐term orientation and commitment in their principal–agent relationships that will provide the impetus for undertaking ethical behavior. The article concludes with a discussion and implications of the findings.
C1 esterase inhibitor ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in a swine musculocutaneous flap model
Authors: Fries C.Anton , Villamaria Carole Y. , Spencer Jerry R. , Rasmussen Todd E. , Davis Michael R.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Free tissue transfer is a powerful reconstructive surgical technique. The ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) at revascularization affects the flap and the patient; reducing this insult could improve outcomes. This study evaluated the effect of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1‐inh) on IRI in a porcine musculocutaneous flap model.

Materials and methods

A musculocutaneous flap was transferred from the limb to the neck of 12 swine. Flaps underwent a 3‐hour ischemic interval prior to revascularization. Intervention group flaps (n = 6) were perfused intra‐arterially with 100U C1‐inh at the commencement of the ischemic period; controls (n = 6) received heparinized saline solution. Protocol duration was 14 days; markers of reperfusion injury (creatine kinase [CK], aspartate transaminase [AST], tumor necrosis factor‐alpha) were evaluated.

Results

All flaps from the intervention group were viable at 14 days; five of six control flaps were viable at 14 days (P = 1). Systemic levels of biomarkers of tissue necrosis and inflammation were reduced in the intervention group. On post‐operative day one, statistically significant reductions in mean levels of AST and CK were demonstrated (2,293 ± 1 × 103 U/L vs. 1,586 ± 767 U/L [P = 0.04] and 429 × 103 ± 214 × 103 U/L vs. 213 × 103 ± 156 × 103 U/L [P = 0.002], respectively). Flaps of both groups healed in their recipient locations, no adverse reactions were observed.

Conclusions

C1‐inh is protective of IRI and may have utility in free tissue transfer, vascularized composite allotransplantation, and spare parts surgery. © 2016 Crown copyright. Microsurgery © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:142–147, 2017.
Implications of caveolae in testicular and epididymal myoid cells to sperm motility
Authors: Oliveira Regiana L. , Parent Adam , Cyr Daniel G. , Gregory Mary , Mandato Craig A. , Smith Charles E. , Hermo Louis
Published: April 2016

Seminiferous tubules of the testis and epididymal tubules in adult rodents are enveloped by contractile myoid cells, which move sperm and fluids along the male reproductive tract. Myoid cells in the testis influence Sertoli cells by paracrine signaling, but their role in the epididymis is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed that elongated myoid cells formed several concentric layers arranged in a loose configuration. The edges of some myoid cells in a given layer closely approximated one another, and extended small foot‐like processes to cells of overlying layers. Gap junction proteins, connexins 32 and 43, were detected within the myoid cell layers by immunohistochemistry. These myoid cells also had caveolae that contained caveolin‐1 and cavin‐1 (also known as PTRF). The number of caveolae per unit area of plasma membrane was significantly reduced in caveolin‐1‐deficient mice (Cav1−/−). Morphometric analyses of Cav1‐null testes revealed an enlargement in whole‐tubule and epithelial profile areas, whereas these parameters were slightly reduced in the epididymis. Although sperm are non‐motile as they pass through the proximal epididymis, statistical analyses of cauda epididymidis sperm concentrations revealed no significant differences between wild‐type and Cav1−/− mice. Motility analyses, however, indicated that sperm velocity parameters were reduced while beat cross frequency was higher in gametes of Cav1−/− mice. Thus while caveolae and their associated proteins are not necessary for myoid cell contractility, they appear to be crucial for signaling with the epididymal epithelium to regulate the proper acquisition of sperm motility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 526–540, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.