bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Tartaric Acid Washing of Soil Contaminated by Pb and Zn
Authors: Zhou Lian Bi , Wu Qiang , Gao Guo Long
Published: July 2012

For lead-zinc contaminated soil, the principles, characteristics and application of traditional soil remediation were summarized, such as solidification/stabilization, electromotive method, phytoremediation and biological methods. The feasibility of tartaric acid washing of soil contaminated by Pb and Zn was studied. It demonstrated that it is feasible to remediate the soil contaminated by Pb and Zn by tartaric acid washing. The content of Pb and Zn in the residual soil achieved the National Soil Environmental Quality Standards.
Application of Using Sphingomonas-Paucimobilis of Sodium Alginate Fossilization Bacillus Subtilis Pellet to Heavy Metal of Mine Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Hong Ying , Xu Guo Xiang
Published: July 2012

This study use purely bacteria on suitable condition, eliminate other bacteria come in life-form bacteria. Through the orthogonal experiment obtains the optimum condition of sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, and discusses the influence of single factor to the sodium alginate fossilization bacillus subtilus pellet to chrome adsorption, including the time, the temperature,pH, the initial adsorbent density, the speed of the shaker, the absorbent which the different periods of growth bacterium does, coexistent ion, desorption. From the research, we know the maximum adsorption rate to chrome is about 80%. Dynamics research indicated that in the several methods of the Sphingomonas-paucimobilis of chrome , the methods of embedded micro-organisms embodies much advantages ,as operating easily, effecting clearly, less pollution, costing low, etc.
Removal Effect of Potassium Ferrate to COD in Different Wastewater
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Wang Fang , Deng Deng , Wang Lei , Yang Jian Zhou
Published: July 2012

In order to research the removal effect of potassium ferrate to COD in the different wasterwater, the papermaking wastewater and the tanning wastewater were used as research objects. This paper was focused on evaluating the effectiveness of potassium ferrate preoxidation on COD removal by coagulation in different wastewater of papermaking and tanning. Potassium ferrate is a strong oxidant in the entire pH range: its redox potentials are 2.20 and 0.72 V in acidic and basic media, respectively ferrate (VI) ions will be reduced to Fe (III) ions or ferric hydroxide during the oxidation process, potassium ferrate has also the ability to act as coagulant. The removal efficiency was 78.21% to the papermaking wastewater and 85.51% to the tanning wastewater, respectively, when the dosage concentration of potassium ferrate was 20 mg/L. Altogether, potassium ferrate is a perfect sewage treatment agent to papermaking wastewater and tanning wastewater.
Research Advances on the High-Strength Organic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mao Tian Bin , Yu Bo , Wu Chun
Published: July 2012

With the development of chemical and related industry, the quantity of high-strength organic wastewater is growing, which could cause a bigger threat to human health, so it becomes very urgent and essential to research and develop new applicable wastewater treatment technology. The treatment techniques of high-strength organic wastewater at home and abroad were summarized: physical and chemical methods, biological methods and the combined process. The technological process, characters and principle of every method were introduced. These wastewater treatment technologies have some advantages of completely mineralization and degradation of the pollutants, and low risk of secondary pollution. They also have many disadvantages of complex technological process and higher operating cost. Finally, the direction of the research on two-phase combined process was pointed out.
Photodegradation of Dimethyl Phthalate by Fe(III)/Oxalate/H2O2 System
Authors: Feng Xiang Hua , Zhou Jun , Ding Shi Min
Published: July 2012

Photodegradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous solutions by Fe(III)/oxalate/H2O2 system was investigated using daylight lamps as main light source. The UV-Vis spectra of the system and the concentration of •OH generated during irradiation were detected. The influences such as light sources, initial pH value, initial concentration of reactants on photodegradation efficiency of DMP were discussed. This system has advantage in appling visible light to produce •OH. DMP degradation efficiency principally depend on the concentration of •OH produced from photochemical process of the system. Several light sources including daylight lamps, metal halide lamps, UV disinfecting lamp and sunlight can all be as the light sources to achieve DMP degradation. DMP degradation efficiency keeps on a high level over the range of pH 3.0 to 5.0 and the optimum pH is 3.0. The degradation rate of DMP increases with increase of the initial concentrations of Fe(III) and H2O2, whereas decreases with increase of the initial concentrations of oxalate.
Research on Influences of Waters along Sino-Russian Oil Pipeline Affected by Unexpected Environmental Disasters
Authors: Yuan Dan Dan , Xie Yong Gang , Wu Hong Jun
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the waters including rivers and lakes along the Sino-Russian oil pipeline in China has been analyzed and potential emergent situations and its consequences (such as oil spills) has been discussed and conducted. Furthermore, measures in response to these consequences to deal with these emergent situations are also introduced, including engineering, Non-engineering and emergency management measures.
Study on Artificial Regulation of Water Resources in West of Daqing City
Authors: Zhang Chun Yan , Shu Long Cang , Liu Bo , Appiah-Adjei Emmanuel Kwame , Li Su , Tang Ran , Cheng Chun Long , Wang Yumei
Published: July 2012

Since the development and construction of Daqing City, groundwater resource has been their main water supply source. However, over-exploitation of the groundwater is causing a series of environmental and geological problems. Thus it is essential to ensure sustainable development of groundwater and control the worsening of groundwater related environmental problems in the City. Practical scenarios of groundwater recovery based on several different water resources artificial regulation scenarios are designed to reduce exploitation after the completion of water diversion from Nen River Expansion Project. These scenarios include three different exploitation reducing scenarios and scenarios of artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation. The simulation results of Visual Modflow indicate that both reducing exploitation and artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation can accelerate the recovery of groundwater table in the confined aquifer. Considering the speed of the recovery of groundwater and the impact of reducing exploitation on domestic, industrial and agricultural utilization of water resources, artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation Scenario B is better. Under this condition, the groundwater table of the confined aquifer in the center of depression cone will be recovered by 5 to 8 m up to the end of 2020.
PEG400 Modification of Keggin-Type H4PMo11VO40-Based Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Methacrolein to Methacrylic Acid
Authors: Yang Li , Zhang Heng , Yan Rui Yi , Zhang Xiang Ping , Zhang Guang Jin , Ren Bao Zeng
Published: July 2012

Keggin-type 12-phosphomolybdic acid with molybdenum partially substituted by vanadium and protons partially substituted by alkali and transition metals was synthesized for the selective oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid. The structures of the catalysts were studied by FT-IR, XRD, TG-DTA and BET. The effects of the additive amount of PEG400, calcination temperature and the content of Cs on the catalytic performance were investigated. Results show that specific surface areas of the catalysts increase with the increase of PEG400 amount; PEG400 is removed at 250 °C and the primary structure of the catalysts is not changed with the addition of PEG400. The conversion and selectivity increase with the Cs content, and then decrease. The catalyst with the ratio of Cs+: heteropoly anion=1:1 exhibits good catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of MAL. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion of MAL and selectivity of MAA are 76.4% and 83.6% respectively.
Analysis of Groundwater Seepage Characteristics in Cold Regions
Authors: Dai Chang Lei , Zhang Yi Ding , Wang Ji Liang , Li Xin Xin
Published: July 2012

Frozen soil in cold regions can be divided into 2 types --- seasonal frozen soil and permafrost. Because of the frozen soil layer, there are obvious differences between the characteristics of groundwater seepage in cold regions and normal regions. The paper analyses the disappearance regulation of frozen soil layer and the mechanism of groundwater seepage in the unsaturated zone and saturated zone under the seasonal frozen soil and permafrost. The results show that the frozen soil layer has obvious influence towards soil water seepage in the unsaturated zone during the freezing and thawing process. When the warm period comes, it makes influence of soil moisture conservation in the unsaturated zone. At this time, the freezing porosity is completely filled with the ice of volume expansion. It is equivalent to the impermeable layer that is difficult to receive the vertical recharge. In the permafrost area, the atmospheric precipitation and surface water are major recharge sources to the aquifer, and the aquifer can also receive recharge from groundwater. During the cold season, the surface is frozen and the rainfall recharge source is cut off. It will be unconfined seepage with free surface, and form a saturated zone above the permafrost layer. During the freezing period, with the increase of frozen depth, the aquifer will freeze from top to bottom, and it will convert to a confined aquifer.
Study of Preparation and Properties of Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting
Authors: Wu Jun Rong , Lin Wei Ming , Chen Sheng Zhou
Published: July 2012

The photocatalyst Fe doped K2La2Ti3O10 for hydrogen production was prepared by three methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal and solid solution. The effects of preparation method, doped element, sacrificial agent on photocatalytic activity were studied, the properties of samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS). The photocatalytic activity evaluation measurements showed that the photocatalyst prepared by sol-gel has the highest catalytic activity, and methanol was the best sacrifice agent for hydrogen production from water splitting. UV-Vis DRS results indicated that the doping of Fe could expand the absorbing range to visible light. XRD results showed that the doping of Fe hadn’t change the main construction of catalysts.
Thermodynamics of Phenol Adsorption on the Microsphere Based on Starch
Authors: Miao Zong Cheng , Wang Fang , Deng Deng , Wang Lei , Li Zhong Jin
Published: July 2012

In order to purify the wastewater polluted by phenol, the research of the thermodynamics of phenol adsorption on the adsorbent was very important. In this paper, a type of crosslinking starch microsphere (SM) has been synthesized by reversed phrase suspension method with soluble starch as raw material and N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent. And then the adsorption thermodynamics of SM toward phenol had been studied, and the adsorption capacity increased with the increasing of concentration of phenol solution, lower temperature ccould accelerate adsorption. The research results showed that the adsorption process was exothermic, could proceed spontaneously, and the adsorption driving force came from the enthalpy change mainly. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption process showed that the adsorption behavior of SM towards phenol belongs to physical adsorption.
Kinetics Study on the Oxidative Degradation of Cellotriose and Cellotetraose by Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Peng Hong
Published: July 2012

Cellulose is one of the main components of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Functional cellooligosaccharides obtained from the hydrolysate of cellulose could be used as model compounds to study the chemical reactivity of cellulose. HPLC, 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques were used to analyze the degradation products of cellotriose and cellotetraose oxided by hydrogen peroxide. Results demonstrated that the main degradation products were oligosaccharides with lower degree of polymerization (DP), glucose, and other products including polyhydroxy acid and ketone. The degradation rate declined with the increment of DP. The degradation of cellotriose and cellotetraose at 60 °C followed a pseudo-first-order rate law, the degradation reaction rates were k3=0.25 h-1 and k4=0.15 h-1. Cellooligosaccharides could be degraded completely at higher temperature and for longer reaction time. Degradation products were also degraded at higher temperature and for longer time. The concentration of degradation products went up with the increase of substrate concentration.
Investigation and Development on Phase Transition Temperature Control and Adjustment of Inorganic Salt Hydrates
Authors: Gu Hai Ming , Zhu Xiao Qin , Zhu Zi Yue , Hu Jin , Zhao Hui Yuan , Li Wei Huan
Published: July 2012

Whereas inorganic salt hydrates are typical inorganic phase change materials suitable for the temperature range of 0-150°C, their investigation and applications on thermal energy storage have received more and more during the recent years. A review on investigation progress and applications of their phase transition temperature control and adjustment was made in this paper, which is of important reference and practical value for understanding and predominating the investigation and engineering applications on their phase transition temperature control and adjustment.
A Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Study on Reaction Rate Constants for Reductive Debromination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers by Zero-Valent Iron
Authors: Hu Ji Wei , Zhuang Yuan , Luo Jin , Wei Xiong Hui
Published: July 2012

A quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) study was performed in this work to develop models for predicting reaction rate constants for reductive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by zero-valent iron (ZVI). Both multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were employed for QSPR studies based on the experimental kinetic data of the fourteen PBDE congeners. Both the developed MLR and ANN models could give satisfactory prediction abilities, and the performance of the ANN model seems slightly better than that of the MLR model. In addition, energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) and total energy (TE) were found to be the two relatively important variables in the ANN model via the assessment using both the Garson’s algorithm and connection weight approach.
DFT Study on the Thermodynamic Propeties of Phenyl Substituted Silane Derivatives
Authors: Liu Hui , Tan Jun , Sun Ping , Zhu You Qun , Chen Jie
Published: July 2012

The fully optimized and vibrational analysis calculation of some silane compounds containing Si-Ph bonds were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the molecules in standard state 298.15K, 1.013 × 105 Pa. Based on the output file of the Gaussian 03 program, using the statistical thermodynamic program to calculate the molar constant pressure heat capacity (Cp, m)of phenyl substituted silane derivatives from 200K to 1800K, the correlation between the Cp, m and temperature (T, T-1 and T-2) was fitted with the least square method, and what was found was that the Cp, m of series of phenyl substituted silane derivatives had a very good correlation with T, T-1 and T-2.
Research on Pyrolysis Kinetics of Shenhua Coal and Direct Liquefaction Residue
Authors: Chu Xi Jie , Wang Yong Gang , Zhao Li Hong
Published: July 2012

The pyrolysis tests of Shenhua coal and Shenhua direct liquefaction residue have been carried out using thermogravimetric at the differential heating rate. The kinetic parameters k and E were calculated using DAEM method. Results show DAME model can describe the pyrolysis behavior of Shenhua coal within the range of 20% to 95%, the activation energy of coal pyrolysis ranges from 53.98 to 279.38 kJ/mol, and DAME model can describe the behavior of Shenhua direct liquefaction residue within the range of 10% to 80%, the activation energy of residue pyrolysis is about 170 kJ/mol. The results of which are basically consistent with the experimental data.
The Pressure Drop at Critical Fluidization of Large Particles in Vibrated Fluidization Bed
Authors: Zhu Xue Jun , Deng Jun
Published: July 2012

The pressure drop at critical fluidization for two-dimensional vibrated fluidized bed(240 mm×80 mm) was studied, with large particle glass beads of average diameters dp of 1.8mm, 2.5mm and 3.2mm.The effect of the vibration strength, the static bed height and the particle diameter on the pressure drop was analyzed. The results of the study show that the pressure drop decreases with the increase of the vibration strength. It plays an even more prominent part with decreases of the static bed height and the particle diameter. The empirical correlation equations to predict the pressure drop was established, and the results of the prediction was compared with the experimental data, the error is in range of ±10%. The results can provide references for future design and research on the vibrated fluidized bed.
Thermal Kinetic Analysis of Tert-butyl Peroxybenzoate under Dynamic and Adiabatic Conditions
Authors: Lv Jia Yu , Wei Shuiai , Chen Wang Hua , Chen Gu Feng , Chen Li Ping , Tian Ying Tao
Published: July 2012

This study demonstrates the thermal actions of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) which is widely used in the plastic and rubber industries. The thermodynamic and kinetic analysis were performed on the basis of dynamic and adiabatic calorimetric applications which had been accepted as good assistants for investigating materials’ thermal decomposition. In essence, TBPB is reactive and exothermically unstable. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) were employed to supply basic data and safety index. Experiments were taken under different scanning rates as well as various sample mass. The temperature and pressure curves of TBPB during decomposition were recorded. Based on the significant parameters calculated, self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of TBPB worked out was 50°C.
Low Temperature Oxidation Effects on Lignite Molecular Structure
Authors: Ge Wu Jie , Shao Qun , Xu Hui , Wan Ya Li
Published: July 2012

The paper studied the change of the coal characteristics based on the influence of lignite naturally oxidated in air. The original lignite and lignite naturally oxidated under different time were analyzed by the FTIR technology. The reason that metamorphism of lignite was vulnerable by oxygen was analyzed from the side of coal molecular structure. It indicates that lignite of a low rank coal easily oxidated is mainly because lignite has more active groups in coal molecular such as methyl, methylene, hydroxyl, aromatic ether, oxygen button and ether key. In lignite molecular, side chains of aromatic ring structure unit is firstly oxidized. The bridge button or side chains of coal molecular structure unit are easily oxidized at the same time with the structure of the bridge between units fracturing oxidation. Number of aromatic hydrocarbons remains stable after oxidation. General trend of cycloparafin hydrocarbon as well as aliphatic hydrocarbon are gradually reduced over the oxidized time.
Thermodynamic Investigation of Acetic Acid Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Fu Peng , An Sen Meng , Yi Wei Ming , Bai Xue Yuan
Published: July 2012

The thermodynamics of acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) for hydrogen production were simulated using a Gibbs free energy minimization method to study the influences of pressure, temperature and water to acetic acid molar feed ratios (WAFR) on the AASR. On the basis of the equilibrium calculations, the optimal operating conditions obtained were 700-800 oC, 1bar and WAFR = 6-10. At these conditions, the yield and selectivity of hydrogen were maximized and the formation of methane and coke was almost inhibited. Higher pressures had negative effects on the yields and selectivities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. With increasing temperature from 300 to 1000 oC, the selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly along with a reduction in methane selectivity. Increase in the WAFR led to the increase in hydrogen selectivity and the decrease in carbon monoxide selectivity.
Experimental Study of Foaming Agent Screening and Performance Evaluation of Nitrogen Foam Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Zhao Jin Sheng , Chen Rong Huan , Xu Zi Qiang
Published: July 2012

Through the laboratory experiment, the foaming properties of six kinds of foaming agent was evaluated comprehensively. Through the primary selection, foaming agent concentration selection and salt tolerance evaluation, HY-2 foaming agent was selected in follow-up experiments. The Liquid viscosity effect for foaming performance showed that there exists an optimal value of the liquid viscosity, corresponding to the concentration of foam stabilizing agent should not be less than 700mg/l. The impact of temperature on the performance of foaming agent was mainly on the foam stability, the higher the temperature, the stability of the bubble the worse. Due to the presence of crude oil, foaming volume and stability of the foam appeared a downward trend, the character of which is very advantageous to adjust fluidity difference between the layers of high permeable formation and low permeable formation.
Experimental Research on Hot Water Flooding of Different Rhythm Heavy Oil Reservoir after the Steam Injection
Authors: Gai Ping Yuan , Yin Fang Hao , Hao Ting Ting , Zhang Zhong Ping
Published: July 2012

Based on the issue of enhancing oil recovery of heavy oil reservoir after steam injection, this paper studied the development characteristics of hot water flooding in different rhythm (positive rhythm, anti-rhythm, complex rhythm) reservoir after steam drive by means of physical simulation. The research shows that the positive rhythm reservoir has a large swept volume with steam flooding under the influence of steam overlay and steam channeling. Anti-rhythm reservoir has a large swept volume with hot water flooding, because hot water firstly flows along the high permeability region in upper part of the reservoir, in the process of displacement, hot water migrates to the bottom of reservoir successively for its higher density.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer with Nanotube Arrays Surface on Titanium
Authors: Tao Jin Liang , Wang Xin Liang , Shi Pei Hua , Shi Xiao Ping
Published: July 2012

In this paper, a new porous coating was formed directly on the surface of titanium metal via anodic oxidation. And by the SEM, the morphology of the coating, which is composed of well-ordered perpendicular nanotubes, was characterized. Moreover, taking deionized water as the test fluid, a visualization study of the coating on its pool boiling heat transfer performance was made. The results demonstrated that compared with the smooth surface, the nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient can increase 3 times while the nucleate boiling super heat was reduced 30%.
The Carbonic Acid Reaction of Phosphogypsum Decomposition Slag in the Three-Phase Fluidized Ded
Authors: Chen Yu Hang , Ma Li Ping , Yang Ren , Zhang Hang , Xie Long Gui , Dai Qu Xiu
Published: July 2012

Through the study on influence factors of the carbonic acid reaction of phosphogypsum decomposition slag in the three-phase fluidized bed, the effect of different factors on the transformation of CaS in the phosphogypsum decomposition slag was discussed. Experiments show that Increasing CO2 gas flow and extending reaction time have benefit for the transformation of CaS. The conversion rate of CaS was increased firstly and then tended to flatten with the increase of the liquid-solid ratio. The rise of reaction temperature has a weak inhibitory effect for the transformation of CaS. Comparing with tank reactor, three-phase fluidized bed reactor is more advantageous to the carbonic acid reaction of phosphogypsum decomposition slag.
Purification of D-(-)-Lactic Acid from Fermentation Broth Using Nanofiltration, Esterification, Distillation, and Hydrolysis Technique
Authors: Khunnonkwao Panwana , Ariyawong Chaloemkwan , Lertsiriyothin Weerasak , Boontawan Apichat
Published: July 2012

Until recently, the potential of biodegradable polymers obtained from agro-resources have long been recognized. In particular, poly-D-lactic acid (PDLA) is a very promising biodegradable polymer because its melting point is 40 °C higher than the melting point of standard PLA, making it as resistant to heat as the petroleum-derived polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). In this work, a fermentation broth containing D-(-)-lactic acid was pretreated with microfiltration and nanofiltration in order to remove cells and color prior to start the esterification reaction with ethanol. A highly efficient fractionating column designed in our laboratory was employed to distill 95 wt% ethanol from the esterification reaction. A vapor permeation technique using NaA zeolite membrane was employed to remove water allowing the dehydrated ethanol to be recycled. This integrated esterification-dehydration process results in a complete conversion of D-(-)-lactic acid to ethyl-D-lactate. For distillation, experimental result showed that more than 98% pure ethyl lactate was obtained by controlling the temperature of ethyl lactate vapor at the exit point of the fractionating column. After hydrolysis, the purity of D-(-)-lactic acid product was obtained at 98.89% with more than 87.8% optical purity.
Fluidization Behavior of Mixtures of Nanoparticles in Vibrated Fluidized Beds
Authors: Liang Xi Zhen , Zhou Tao , Duan Hao
Published: July 2012

The experiments of mixtures of SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in a vibrated fluidized bed were carried out. The effects of ratio of initial static bed height to diameter (h0/D), vibration amplitude (A), frequency (f) and mass ratio of mixed SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on the behavior of mixtures of SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were studied. The experimental results proved that the fluidization quality of mixed nanoparticles can be enhanced under h0/D=1, A=3.0 mm, f =45Hz, leading to larger bed pressure drops at low superficial gas velocities. The bed height decreases with increase in the mass ratio of ZnO component of the mixture.
Pore Size Distribution Effect on the Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Cylindrical Porous Gas Sensitive Medium
Authors: Li Ming Chun , Wang Chen , Liu Jia Tao , Jing Yu
Published: July 2012

Based on the pore size distribution simulation and the derivation of the effective diffusion coefficient, a mathematical model describing the mass transfer and chemical reaction in a cylindrical gas sensitive porous medium is formulated. The reaction features and the effective utilization of the gas sensitive porous medium are analyzed under different pore size distribution. The results indicate that, an increase in porosity or in the most probably pore diameter leads to a higher mass transfer rate of the target gas, while the surface chemical reaction ability decreases. Depending on the calculated value of the Thiele number, the variation of the gas sensitivity and the effective surface utilization can be analyzed. The gas sensitivity and the effective utilization coefficient of the gas sensitive porous medium can be controlled by adjusting pore structure parameters. This will be useful for the pore structure design of gas sensor and choosing the most reasonable operation conditions.
Phase Split of Oil-Water Two-Phase Flows at a T-Junction with a Vertically Downward Branch
Authors: Yang Li Min , Zhao Li Li , Leng Yi Xin
Published: July 2012

A T-junction with a horizontal main pipe and a vertically downward branch was employed to investigate phase separation phenomenon of oil-water two-phase flows at two segregated flow patterns. Water and kerosene (density of 796 kg/m3) were chosen as the working fluids. The effects of inlet flow pattern, mixture velocity, and water cut on the phase separation were examined. The results show that the variation of the mixture velocity in the same inlet flow pattern has little influence on the phase split and the phase separation highly depends upon the inlet flow pattern. The lower the mixedness of the inlet flow, the higher the separation efficiency can be achieved. The higher the water cut, the lower the separation efficiency peak can reach.
Purification of Succinic Acid from Synthetic Solution Using Vapor Permeation-Assisted Esterification Coupled with Reactive Distillation
Authors: Boontawan Apichat
Published: July 2012

In this work, an aqueous solution containing succinic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid with the concentrations of 420, 50, 40, and 10 g.L-1 was employed as the model solution. The solution was pumped into a reactor followed by an addition of the equal volume of anhydrous ethanol. The solution was heated and the esterification reaction was commenced by an introduction of 2% sulfuric acid (w/v). A highly efficient fractionating column designed in our laboratory was employed to shift the conversion beyond the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion by continuous removal of water from the reactor as distillate. In addition, a vapor permeation technique using a commercial hydrophilic polymeric membrane was successfully employed to dehydrate the distillate before returning the dehydrated ethanol into the reactor. This integrated esterification-distillation process allowed a complete conversion of organic acids to the corresponding esters. Due to their much different boiling points, diethyl succinate was completely separated from the other esters by using a vacuum fractionation technique.
Simulation Study for Heat Transfer Performance of Spiral Flow Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger
Authors: Wang Yi Ning , Lu Qun Hui , Zheng Yang Yan , Yuan Biao
Published: July 2012

In this article, simulation analysis has been performed for the flow and heat transfer performance of spiral flow double-pipe heat exchanger using finite volume method, respectively for the relationship between Nu and the average shear force on inner pipe outer wall at different turbulent flow Re with different radial offset of inlet and outlet pipes and different spacing of inlet and outlet pipes. The results show that, as compared with an ordinary double-pipe heat exchanger, in a spiral flow double-pipe heat exchanger, both inner pipe convective heat exchange coefficient and inner pipe wall surface shear force are lower, with the magnitude of reduction related to a number of factors such as radial offset of inlet and outlet pipes and Re. The study in this article has provided theoretical basis for further engineering application of spiral flow double-pipe heat exchangers.
The Application of Heat Pipes for Fruit Juice Pasteurizing Machine
Authors: Aichayawanich Sawanit , Jengsooksawat Sirasa
Published: July 2012

This research was aim to apply heat pipe in the small pasteurizing machine for fruit juice process. The orange juice was used as the sample. The container of the pasteurizing machine was made from 304 stainless steel with 1.5 millimeter of thickness, 300 millimeter of inside diameter, and 374 millimeter high, with 20 liters capacity. In order to control the temperature distribution in the test tank, four heat pipes, that made from same material, were used as heating device that heated from LPG gas. The heat pipe had 0.8 millimeters of thickness, 25millimeter of internal diameter, and the length of 650 millimeters. The result was found that the pasteurizing machine can be pasteurized the orange juice as 88 degree celsius with 32.5 minutes of come up time. The temperature distribution of the orange juice in the tank was  0.5 degree celsius.
Experimental Study of R134a Pool Boiling on Single Horizontal Enhanced Tubes
Authors: Zhang Ding Cai , Zhu Chun Jie , Yang Xiao Ming , Han Tao
Published: July 2012

Experimental studies of boiling heat transfer of R134a on single horizontal smooth tube and three enhanced tubes (E27, E28, E29) have been conducted at saturationtemperature of 5°C and at a given water flow rate of 2.5 m/s. The results ind icate that the boiling heat transfer outside a single horizontal tube to the parameters of tube is selective. Tube E28 with 1811fpm (46fpi) is optimal. Experimental results showed that the test tubes could effectively enhance heat transfer. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of tube E27, tube E28, tube E29 are with the average values of 8.41, 9.16 and 6.63 times as that of smooth tube, respectively.
The Influence of Fibre Content of Knitted Fabric on the Ultraviolet Radiation Protection Property
Authors: Yam L.Y. , Lau L.L. , Kan C.W. , Lam J.K.C. , Ng S.P. , Hu H. , Yuen C.W.M.
Published: July 2012

In this study, sulphur dye was used for dyeing 100% cotton knitted fabric and the effect of dye concentration and colour shade on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was discussed. The results indicated that the UVR absorbency of sulphur dye was not satisfactory. Generally speaking, the higher the dye concentration, the darker the shade of fabric. Nevertheless, it did not affect the UPF of fabric if the absorbency of the selected dye was ineffective.
The Impact of Dyed Knitted Fabric on the Ultraviolet Radiation Protection Propery
Authors: Au C.H. , Shum O.Y. , Kan C.W. , Lam J.K.C. , Ng S.P. , Hu H. , Yuen C.W.M.
Published: July 2012

In this study, sulphur dye was used for dyeing 100% cotton knitted fabric and the effect of dye concentration and colour shade on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was discussed. The results indicated that the UVR absorbency of sulphur dye was not satisfactory. Generally speaking, the higher the dye concentration, the darker the shade of fabric. Nevertheless, it did not affect the UPF of fabric if the absorbency of the selected dye was ineffective.
Ni/Y- Zeolite Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane
Authors: Fakeeha A.H. , Al–Fatesh A.S. , Abasaeed A.E.
Published: July 2012

Carbon deposits play a crucial role in the performance of catalysts, in terms of controlling both reaction selectivity and activity, this is most often manifest through catalyst deactivation. Understanding the structure and electronic properties of the carbon deposits formed on the surface of a catalyst is therefore an importance key. In this study the catalytic performance of Ni based on Y-Zeolite (CBV300) prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The prepared catalyst was tested in a micro tubular reactor using temperature ranges of 500, 600 and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure, using a total flow rate of 36 ml/min consisting of 2 ml/min of N2, 17 ml/min of CO2and 17 ml/min of CH4. The calcination was carried out in the range of 500–900 °C. The catalyst is activated inside the reactor using hydrogen gas.The conversion of CH4observed over 5wt%Ni/ Y-Zeolite at 700 °C were 59.6%. The supported Ni catalysts were characterized by BET and TG/DTA techniques.
Research on Production of Hand Towel from the Poplar Extruding Mechanical Pulp (EMP)
Authors: Sun Xian Qi , Zhao Chuan Shan , Yang Hui Rong
Published: July 2012

Hand towel is one kind of disposable tissue paper which has characteristic of soaking up water quickly and lower cost. It becomes increasingly popularity in families, at work, and public places. There are many kinds of raw materials to produce hand towel according to its level. Some researches showed that bleached chemical pulp could be partially used to the production of hand towel and some other household paper. In this study, some kinds of raw material which be used to produce hand towel were analyzed and trying to looking for new one. Poplar Extruding Mechanical Pulp (EMP) had characteristics of long fiber, high level of strength and brightness. Different ratio of poplar EMP and certain Bleached Kraft Pulp were tested to make hand towel. The effects of poplar EMP on whiteness, tensile strength, bulkiness, absorbability were discussed. The results showed that characteristic targets of hand towel made from poplar EMP and Bleached Kraft Pulp met the quality requirements of GBT22455-2009 and satisfied the high-end hand towel. The new hand towel had lower cost, higher stiffness and higher bulkiness. It was feasible from the technique and economy point.
Preparation and Evaluation of a Photo-Fenton Heterogeneous Catalyst: Spinel-Typed ZnFe2O4
Authors: Li Ping , Xu Huan Yan , Li Xue , Liu Wei Chao , Li Yan
Published: July 2012

In this study, spinel-typed ZnFe2O4 was synthesized through Sol-Gel method, using fresh egg white as a complexing agent, and characterized by XRD and SEM. Then, the synthesized sample was used as the photo-Fenton heterogeneous catalyst for the discoloration of methyl orange (MO) in solution. The XRD results show that the synthesized sample was pure, only with the spinel structure, when the volume ratio of the fresh egg white/ferric nitrate/zinc nitrate was 2:2:1. And the lowest sintered temperature to obtain the single-phase ZnFe2O4 was 500°C. The SEM results reveal that the ZnFe2O4 crystalline grains presented irregular shapes and desultorily aggregated together, with a average diameter of 150-250nm. The experimental results show that MO could be efficiently discolored in photo-Fenton system of ZnFe2O4 and H2O2, under UV irradiation. MO discoloration ratio increased as H2O2 dosage increasing. The optimum dosage of ZnFe2O4 was 1g/L in this study. With the MO initial concentration increasing, MO discoloration ratio decreased. The ZnFe2O4 sample obtained at 500°C exhibited the optimum MO discoloration ratio. Finally, the mechanism for MO discoloration in the photo-Fenton system was discussed.
Research on Sizing Performance of Akund Blended Yarns
Authors: Rao Liang Kui , Cheng Long Di , Li Yu Ling , Fan Wen Hong
Published: July 2012

Akund fiber, as one kind of natural cellulosic fibers, is light, lustrous, biodegradable and environment-friendly. It has a hollow body and a seal tail, which are desirable features of candidates for functional textiles of this nature. The thin wall of lumen and the low crystallinity lead to the lower strength and elongation than cotton fibers. Individual akund fiber is cylindrical without convolution and curls. The outer surface of the fiber is smooth, causing poor inter-fiber cohesion. Therefore, akund blended yarns have some problems, such as the low strength, much hairness, poor abrasion resistance. All of these will cause difficulities for weaving. A series of sizing experiments of the blended yarns was carried out and the sizing properties was discussed in the paper to solve the problems
The Synthesis of Mesoporous Ag/SBA-15 and Catalytic Reaction of Propargylamines via a Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Aldehyde, Alkyne and Amine
Authors: Tian Dong
Published: July 2012

Mesoporous silicas SBA-15 with Ag nanoparticles in the channel was synthesized by one-step method. Samples characterzation were performed by the XRD, TEM, adsorption/desorption of nitrogen and ICP-AES. And the heterogeneous catalysis(Ag/SBA-15) shows catalytic activity in three-component coupling reaction of aldehyde, alkyne, and amine.
Solving Weight Function for the Partially Filled Pipe Electromagnetic Flowmeter by Means of Finite Element Numerical Analysis
Authors: Wei Kai Xia , Gu Shu Long , He Long Qing
Published: July 2012

The weight function method that uses a known weight function has been a general tool for the signal analysis of the electromagnetic flowmeter(EMF). However, it is difficult to solve the voltage equation directly by analytical method in order to get weight function for the partially filled pipe electromagnetic flowmeter(EMF-PF). The finite element numerical analysis method is tried to solve the weight function for the EMF-PF in this paper. The results show that weight function for EMF-PF relates to fill height of liquid in partially filled pipes, and there is a nonlinear function relationship between weight function for EMF-PF and fullness degree of liquid in the pipe.
Low Field-NMR in Measuring Water Mobility and Distribution in Beef Granules during Drying Process
Authors: Li Xin , Ma Li Zhen , Tao Yuan , Kong Bao Hua , Li Pei Jun
Published: July 2012

Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was employed in this study to evaluate water mobility and distribution in beef granules during drying process due to its fast and nondestructive detection. Beef granules were dried in a blast drying oven at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) to a final moisture content around 21% after cooking. Results showed that it took about 150, 90 and 60 min for the samples dried at 40, 50 and 60 °C to get to the drying destination, respectively. The immobilized water was transformed into bound water with lower association degree and free water during drying at different conditions. Drying also resulted in a proportion increase of bound water; what’s more, the proportion of bound water is the largest when drying at 50 °C compared to 40 and 60 °C. After the drying destination was reached, the transverse relaxation time for bound water and immobilized water appeared significant change. It revealed that LF-NMR was an effective tool to assess water mobility and distribution during food drying process.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis on Traffic Accidents of Chemical Products Transportation in China
Authors: Wang Yu Qu , Wang Ying , Li Juan , Xie Xiao Ru , Li Qiu Yi , Liu Zi Fang , YANG Shu Qi
Published: July 2012

The chemical products are easy to combust and explode when transported. Especially after traffic accidents, it will do more damage than other products. Taking the transportation of chemical products as research object, by summarizing cases in websites, this paper studies the spatial and temporal distribution of chemical traffic accidents in China. Based on Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, the paper compares and analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of 836 chemical traffic accidents from 2007 to 2011. This study demonstrates that the key control regions of chemical traffic accident in China are concentrated in Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Sichuan. Furthermore, the distribution and causes of chemical traffic accidents in the four provinces are conducted.
The Content Structuring of Chemistry with the Semantic Structures Method
Authors: Gnitetskaya Tatyana N. , Ivanova Elena B.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. A quantitative method for selecting, organizing and structuring the content of chemistry courses is proposed in this article. The semantic structures method that is stated here is based on the informational model of intra-subject links. Information characteristics of the content of semantic structure of the concept of the rate of chemical reaction are also calculated in this article.
Epoxidation of Propylene with O2 Catalyzed by EuCl3
Authors: Liu Wen Ming , Liu Fen , Chen Zhao Ping , Li Feng Yi
Published: July 2012

The formation of propylene oxide from propylene by direct oxidation with O2 has been studied with catalysts of rare earth chloride under different carboxylic acids and solvents, and the mechanism of this reaction has been discussed preliminarily. Significant PO-formation was only observed when catalyzed by EuCl3 and in the presence of zinc powder and carboxylic acids. In using carboxylic acids, propanoic acid is the best for the epoxidation of propylene. The yields of the epoxide became higher than those without solvents, but basic substance was not suitable as solvent. In the catalytic system of EuCl3, zinc powder and carboxylic acids, EuCl3 plays a role in transferring electron, zinc powder was the e- donor and carboxylic acids was the H+ donor. The mechanism was consistent with the result of the experiment.
REE Lanthanum Doping Influence on the Photocatalysis Properties of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Jin Xing , Lian Jin Lan , Qiao Yu
Published: July 2012

Lanthanum doping TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method, an the photocatalytic degradation experiments were performed by using methyl orange solution as a target degradant. The results indicated that Suitable doping quantity of lanthanum can improve the photocatalytic activity of nanometer TiO2 powders. On the basis of 50 mL methyl orange solution what concentration is 20 mg/L, photocatalytic activity is the best when doping quantity of lanthanum were 1.0 wt %. Through the relatively experiments by using sunshine and ultraviolet as light source, the results indicated that the La3+ doping broaden the scope of visible light area what TiO2 response to.
Power Generation from Coal Gangue in China: Current Status and Development
Authors: Yu Jiang Long , Meng Fang Rui , Li Xian Chun , Tahmasebi Arash
Published: July 2012

This paper provides an overview on the current status of power generation in China using coal gangue. The government regulation towards the use of coal gangue for power generation is introduced. Emission of pollutants and low thermal power plant efficiency are the two major problems for the power industry firing coal gangue. Particulate matter emission control is a problem due to the high ash content. Sulfur emissions from these units are easily controlled mostly through lime/limestone injection and in-situ capture. Overall, efficient power generation using coal gangue is a promising approach to reduce the use of coal resources and reduce the environmental impacts.
The Study of the Dilute Acid Pretreatment Technology of Corn Stover and Rice Straw
Authors: Shi Yong , Yan Tao , Wang Yong Ze , Zhao Jin Fang , Zhou Sheng De
Published: July 2012

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials provides an alternative energy production system. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn straw and rice straw and enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose were investigated in this study. The straw was pretreated at 121°C with different sulfuric acid concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4and 5%, v/v) and residence times (30, 60, and 90 min). The concentration and conversion of total reducing sugars were analyzed. Pretreatment residence time play a key role in increase glucose concentration comparing to sulfuric acid concentration. Cellulose remaining in the pretreated feedstock was highly digestible by cellulases from Trichoderma viride. The result that the saccharification yield of 72.38% and 82.84% from corn straw and rice straw by using 2% (v/v) acid pretreatment at 121°C for 60 min and saccharifying with cellulase preparations.
Al-Mg Alloy Powders for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Kan Hong Min , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiao Yang
Published: July 2012

To develop hydrogen storage materials is the key to hydrogen storage. Magnesium theoretically stores 7.6 wt.% hydrogen, although it requires heating to above 300°C in order to release hydrogen. This limits its use for mobile application. However, due to its low price and abundance magnesium should still be considered as a potential candidate for hydrogen storage e.g. in stationary applications. Recent advances in Al-Mg alloy powders for hydrogen storage is presented in this paper. The main focus is on preparation of Mg-Al alloy and hydrogen storage properties of Mg-Al alloys. It is pointed the microstructure and components of Nano Mg-Al alloy have a great impact on the hydrogen-storage properties. Electrochemical deposition will be used to prepare the Nano Mg-Al alloy. Research will focuse on the nucleation mechanism and the influence of microstructure and components of the alloy on the hydrogen-storage properties.