bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We’re All in This (Game) Together
Authors: Kahn Adam S. , Williams Dmitri
Published: December 2015

This study applies theories of computer-mediated communication and human-computer interaction to the study of transactive memory systems (TMS; how small groups coordinate expertise, for which communication is the central mechanism) in video game teams. A large-scale survey ( N = 18,627) of players from the small group video game League of Legends (LoL) combined with server-side data provided by Riot Games (the creators of LoL) was conducted to look at the relationship between TMS and win/loss outcome as well as the role of team size and past team member acquaintanceship on the formation of TMS, using social presence as a mediator. Results found that TMS was highly predictive of the likelihood of a team winning a game, and that while past team member acquaintanceship predicted TMS, team size did not. Furthermore, only two dimensions of social presence, copresence and perceived comprehension, were related to TMS. These two dimensions fully mediated the relationship between past team member acquaintanceship and TMS.
The Predictive Validity of Savry Ratings for Assessing Youth Offenders in Singapore
Authors: Chu Chi Meng , Goh Mui Leng , Chong Dominic
Published: December 2015

Empirical support for the usage of the SAVRY has been reported in studies conducted in many Western contexts, but not in a Singaporean context. This study compared the predictive validity of the SAVRY ratings for violent and general recidivism against the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) ratings within the Singaporean context. Using a sample of 165 male young offenders ( Mfollow-up = 4.54 years), results showed that the SAVRY Total Score and Summary Risk Rating, as well as YLS/CMI Total Score and Overall Risk Rating, predicted violent and general recidivism. SAVRY Protective Total Score was only significantly predictive of desistance from general recidivism, and did not show incremental predictive validity for violent and general recidivism over the SAVRY Total Score. Overall, the results suggest that the SAVRY is suited (to varying degrees) for assessing the risk of violent and general recidivism in young offenders within the Singaporean context, but might not be better than the YLS/CMI.
The Psychology and Content of Dreaming in Africa
Authors: Nwoye Augustine
Published: December 2015

As understood in mainstream Western psychology, people dream for themselves and are essentially self-contained in their overall mechanism of dreaming. This article argues that although this Eurocentric perspective on dreaming is largely universal and not to be ignored, it needs to be recognized alongside other dream perspectives. The article examines the concept of dreaming from an African perspective. Its aim is to demonstrate that dreaming from an African psychological perspective goes beyond the Eurocentric paradigm suggesting that in the African-centered paradigm, the individual can dream for others. In the African perspective, there, at times, occurs the phenomenon of triangulation in dreaming where dreams originate from another source to give messages to the individual for the benefit of others. The article presents three anecdotes and some resulting implications that highlight descriptive elements of African dream theory. A number of questions for further reflections and research emanating from the discussion are highlighted.
Introduction. Unmarried and Unknown
Authors: Devos Isabelle , Schmidt Ariadne , De Groot Julie
Published: December 2015

This essay introduces a special issue on The Lure of the City that examines the attraction of towns to unmarried men and women in the Low Countries during the early modern period and the nineteenth century. The issue has the relation between singles and cities as its main focus. Singles were present in disproportionately large numbers in urban areas, but the question is why? This essay sets out the historiographical framework for the contributions in the issue, discusses the sources and methodologies used, and provides a brief overview of the evolution of singleness in the Low Countries. The contributions all demonstrate the relevance of a comparative approach. It is revealed that towns and cities not only attracted but also created singles, that they offered different opportunities for different groups of unmarried people and that they affected men and women differently. Finally, it appears that not every town and city was attractive to men and women without a spouse.
Physical Activity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Whittemore Robin , Grey Margaret
Published: December 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors associated with engaging in regular physical activity (PA) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods

Secondary cross-sectional analysis based on data from the Type One Diabetes Exchange clinic registry was conducted. Adults ≥18 years old enrolled in the clinic registry who had completed PA self-report data (n = 7153) were included in this study.

Results

Mean age was 37.14 ± 17 years, and 54% (n = 3840) were men. Type 1 diabetes duration was 19.5 ± 13.5 years, and mean A1C level was 7.9% ± 1.5% (62 mmol/mol). Twelve percent (n = 848) of the sample reported no PA; 55% (n = 3928) reported PA 1 to 4 days per week; and 33% (n = 2377) reported PA ≥5 days per week. Factors that were associated with increased odds of no PA were older age, less-than-excellent general health, increased body mass index, longer duration of diabetes, and increased depressive symptoms. More blood glucose meter checks per day decreased odds of no PA. Factors associated with lower odds of ≥5 days of PA included minority race/ethnicity, education, less-than-excellent general health, presence of a foot ulcer, increased body mass index, and depressive symptoms. Male sex, less-than-full-time employment, and being single increased the odds of ≥5 days of PA.

Conclusions

Several demographic, clinical, diabetes-related, and psychosocial factors were related to PA. Potential interventions may target those with depressive symptoms or self-reported poor general health, or they may be tailored to working adults who may find it harder to be physically active.
Maximal Coverage Location Problem
Authors: Murray Alan T.
Published: December 2015

The maximal covering location problem was first introduced by Church and ReVelle in 1973 at the North American Regional Science Council meetings and subsequently published in Papers in Regional Science (formerly Papers of the Regional Science Association) in 1974. It has proven to be a seminal contribution to location analysis and modeling, in terms of both technical merit and practical significance. With more than 1,500 citations in the academic literature, it has truly stood the test of time and may actually be as relevant or more so today than when it was first presented/published. Not only is it the subject of broad application and extension, but it has also been integrated in a number of geographic information system–based commercial software packages, including ArcGIS and TransCAD, for general use. This article provides an overview of the maximal covering location problem, highlighting the use, application, solution, evolution, and extension of this important location analytic approach.
How Michigan Became a Right to Work State
Authors: Kaminski Michelle
Published: December 2015

The passage of Right to Work (RTW) legislation in Michigan was a surprise to many, given its relatively high unionization rate. Previous studies that examine state RTW status and the process of passing RTW legislation are not a good fit for the events in Michigan. Instead, single-party Republican control of state government and a wealthy donor who prioritized RTW combined to introduce legislation, pass it, and sign it into law in a one-week period. Contextual factors helped create an opportunity for this campaign to succeed. The Michigan experience raises questions about long-term strategies for labor in similar environments in the era of big-money donors.
Living with Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Dalibert Lucie
Published: December 2015

Seen as contributing to human enhancement, implanted technologies have recently been receiving a lot of attention. However, reflections on these technologies have taken the shape of rather speculative ethical judgments on “hyped” technological devices. On the other hand, while science and technology studies and philosophy of technology have a long tradition of analyzing how technological artifacts and tools transform and (re-)configure our lives, they tend to focus on use configurations rather than the intimate relations brought about by implanted technologies. Even the cyborg has lost some of its hermeneutic power as it has been detached from its material grounds, becoming a discursive entity. In this article, I reclaim the importance of materiality and explore how people live (and learn to live) with spinal cord stimulation (SCS), which is a type of neuromodulation technology. Implanted in bodies and seemingly out of sight, this technology does not cease to matter. Embodiment and incorporation are crucial for people to live well with SCS. Embodying the neuromodulation technology entails groping processes in which gestures are central and an increased intimacy with one’s bodily materiality. Incorporating it is highly relational and entangled with the bodies of loved and distant ones, humans and nonhumans.
The fantasy of congruency
Authors: Mandelbaum Moran M.
Published: December 2015

This article offers an alternative reading of the Abbé Sieyès and the modern ‘nation-state’ problématique. I argue that the subject/object that is constituted in the early days of modernity is the incomplete society: an impossible-possibility ideal of congruency of population, authority and space. I suggest reading this ideal of congruency as a fantasy in that it offers a certain ‘fullness to come’, the promise of jouissance that can never be attained and is thus constantly re-envisioned and reinvoked. Drawing on discourse-analytical and psychoanalytical tools I explain the logic of fantasy before analysing Sieyès’ What is the Third Estate?, as I show how he critiques and fragments the old model of the state and how his reading of the nation is fantasmatic, a continuous project towards impossible congruency.
Students’ performance when aurally identifying musical harmonic intervals: Experimentation of a teaching innovation proposal
Authors: Ponsatí Imma , Miranda Joaquim , Amador Miquel , Godall Pere
Published: December 2015

The aim of the study was to measure the performance reached by students ( N = 138) when aurally identifying musical harmonic intervals (from m2 to P8) after having experienced a teaching innovation proposal for the Music Conservatories of Catalonia (Spain) based on observational methodology. Its design took into account several issues, which had been detected previously as being conflictive. The teaching innovation proposal was tested during an academic year in six Catalan Music conservatories, specifically in Music Theory classes in the first year of a 6-year professional course. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used. The existence of a control group gave a reference point for the measured results before and after an intervention period. By the end of the teaching–learning process, it was established that the performance of the participants had improved, resulting in statistically significant differences in favour of the experimental group.
Online music collaboration project: Digitally mediated, deterritorialized music education
Authors: Cremata Radio , Powell Bryan
Published: December 2015

This article investigates and interrogates notions of student-centered music learning through collaboration in digital spaces. By harnessing the power and potential of Internet networks, one music educator in Miami, FL challenged his students to an online music collaboration project (OMCP) where students were asked to engage in deterritorialized collaborations with persons outside their classroom spaces. While in class collaboration was a hallmark of the class in other projects and areas of study, this particular 7-week project specifically targeted deterritorialized student collaborations through networked mediated digital music tools. The data discusses participant perspectives and contextualizes it within implications for music education in an evolving social sphere. The purpose of this research is to shed light on new pedagogies and push boundaries on what constitutes musical sharing places. While the students in this study needed guidance from the teacher/facilitator, the student agency, freedom and flow that resulted from the OMCP revealed an enthusiastic student perspective that was ripe for creativity. Implications for music education include widened notions of what constitutes a musical instruments, musical ensembles and musical venues. Further implications relate to broadened perspectives concerning student-centered learning, constructivist learning in music context and teacher/facilitator roles.
Regional asymmetries in monetary policy transmission: The case of the Greek regions
Authors: Anagnostou Ageliki , Papadamou Stephanos
Published: December 2015

Monetary policy is unlikely to have a uniform impact on the real economic activity across regions with different industrial structures. This study measures the heterogeneous effects of monetary policy on regional and sectoral output of the 13 regions in Greece over the period 1980 to 2009. By using an unrestricted vector autoregressive model and the impulse response analysis, our results show that an interest rate shock affects the economic activity across regions differently. Furthermore in our investigation, we use a panel vector autoregressive model so as to investigate the dynamic variation of the impact of interest rates controlling also for time and cross regions fixed effects associated with specific time invariant regions' characteristics as well as with time variant characteristics attributed to the integration process of these regions. Finally, in identifying the channel of monetary policy transmission in the Greek regions, we investigate the role of Greek regional industrial structures in explaining these variations.
Design of a data warehouse model for decision support at higher education
Authors: Aljawarneh Isam M
Published: December 2015

The expansion of higher education (HE) institutions and their increased emphasis on strategic planning have raised the demand for integrated information systems that can support strategic analysis. A data warehouse (DW) provides decision data for managers in a form that facilitates their access, using business intelligence (BI) tools to enhance their decision making process. However, available DW models and design methods do not address the HE industry’s specific needs. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by providing a methodological framework that encompasses methods tailored to meet the needs of HE. Also, a prototype has been developed using actual student data to validate the framework. It shows the efficacy of the framework in supporting strategic analysis at universities, leading them to develop effective strategies and policies. The paper further provides guidelines for researchers on the important issues to be considered for designing efficient DWs.
A crowd-authoring project on the scholarship of educational technology
Authors: Al Lily Abdulrahman Essa
Published: December 2015

Academic cognition and intelligence are ‘socially distributed’; instead of dwelling inside the single mind of an individual academic or a few academics, they are spread throughout the different minds of all academics. In this article, some mechanisms have been developed that systematically bring together these fragmented pieces of cognition and intelligence. These mechanisms jointly form a new authoring method called ‘crowd-authoring’, enabling an international crowd of academics to co-author a manuscript in an organized way. The article discusses this method, addressing the following question: What are the main mechanisms needed for a large collection of academics to collaborate on the authorship of an article? This question is addressed through a developmental endeavour wherein 101 academics of educational technology from around the world worked together in three rounds by email to compose a short article. Based on this endeavour, four mechanisms have been developed: a) a mechanism for finding a crowd of scholars; b) a mechanism for managing this crowd; c) a mechanism for analyzing the input of this crowd; and d) a scenario for software that helps automate the process of crowd-authoring. The recommendation is that crowd-authoring ought to win the attention of academic communities and funding agencies, because, given the well-connected nature of the contemporary age, the widely and commonly distributed status of academic intelligence and the increasing value of collective and democratic participation, large-scale multi-authored publications are the way forward for academic fields and wider academia in the 21st century.
Impact of iterative reconstructions on image noise and low-contrast object detection in low kVp simulated abdominal CT: a phantom study
Authors: Holmquist Fredrik , Nyman Ulf , Siemund Roger , Geijer Mats , Söderberg Marcus
Published: December 2015

Background

Low kilovoltage (kVp) computed tomography (CT) may be used to reduce contrast medium dose in patients at risk of contrast nephropathy, at the cost of increased image noise.

Purpose

To evaluate: (i) the impact of iterative reconstructions (Siemens SAFIRE) on low-contrast object detection to compensate for increased noise instead of increased tube loading when decreasing tube potential; and (ii) the change in iodine attenuation in simulated abdominal CT.

Material and Methods

A phantom was scanned at 70, 80, 100, and 120 kVp at fixed effective tube loading (170 mAsEFF) and fixed radiation dose (CTDIVOL 10 mGy). Images were reconstructed with filtered back-projection (FBP) and SAFIRE strengths S1–S5. Iodine attenuation, objective image noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), noise power spectrum (NPS), spatial resolution, and subjective detectability of low-contrast objects were evaluated.

Results

Compared with 120 kVp iodine attenuation increased by a factor 1.6 and 2.0, and image noise increased by a factor 1.9 and 2.5 at 80 and 70 kVp, respectively. Compared with FBP, SAFIRE showed objective reduction in image noise and increased CNR without loss of spatial resolution or any significant NPS alteration, with general tendency to improve subjective detectability of low-contrast objects. At 170 mAsEFF the number of discernible 1.0% contrast objects at 70 kVp/S5 and 80 kVp/S5 was similar to that at 120 kVp/FBP.

Conclusion

With the SAFIRE algorithm image noise, CNR and detectability of low-contrast objects may be kept unchanged without increased tube loading when using low kVp settings to reduce contrast medium dose in azotemic patients.
Breast ultrasonography for detection of metachronous ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence
Authors: Park Woon-Ju , Kim Eun-Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Kim Min Jung , Kim Seung Il , Park Byeong-Woo
Published: December 2015

Background

Early detection of recurrence improves the survival rate of patients treated with breast conservation therapy (BCT). Therefore, ultrasonography (US) may be useful for metachronous ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (MIBTR) obscured on mammography by dense breast tissue and distortion.

Purpose

To evaluate clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of MIBTR retrospectively, and to assess the role of surveillance US additional to mammography for MIBTR detection.

Material and Methods

During 2000 to 2012, 28 MIBTR were collected and reviewed among 2958 women treated for primary breast cancer with conservation surgery. The detection rates of imaging studies for identifying metachronous ipsilateral lesions were assessed and compared. MIBTR tumor staging was evaluated according to imaging modality for detection of MIBTR, palpability, and recent imaging surveillance.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the detection rate between mammography and US for overall MIBTR (84.2% vs. 85.7%; P = 0.898) or non-palpable MIBTR (88.2% vs. 81.0%; P = 0.566). US alone identified 33.3% of non-palpable MIBTRs (seven of 21). Among these cases, two had negative mammograms. All 14 MIBTRs with recent imaging surveillance were stage T2 or less, and all seven MIBTRs detected by US alone were in situ or T1; 33% of MIBTRs without recent imaging surveillance were T3 or T4.

Conclusion

The overall MIBTR detection rate by US was not higher than the detection rate of mammography, although combined surveillance with US and mammography found MIBTRs slightly earlier than mammography alone.
The value of practice: A critique of interactional expertise
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo , Lima Francisco PA
Published: December 2015

Collins and Evans have proposed a ‘normative theory of expertise’ as a way to solve the ‘problem of demarcation’ in public debates involving technical matters. Their argument is that all citizens have the right to participate in the ‘political’ phases of such debates, while only three types of experts should have a voice in the ‘technical’ phases. In this article, Collins and Evans’ typology of expertise – in particular, the idea of ‘interactional expertise’ – is the focus of a detailed empirical, methodological and philosophical analysis. As a result, we reaffirm the difference between practitioners and non-practitioners, contesting the four central claims about interactional expertise – namely, that (1) the idea of interactional expertise has been proven empirically, (2) it is possible to develop interactional expertise through ‘linguistic socialization alone’, (3) the idea of interactional expertise supports the ‘the minimal embodiment thesis’ that the individual human body or, more broadly, ‘embodiment’ is not as relevant as linguistic socialization for acquiring a language and (4) interactional experts have the same linguistic fluency, understanding and judgemental abilities of practitioners within discursive settings. Instead, we argue, individuals’ abilities and understandings vary according to the ‘type of immersion’ they have experienced within a given practice and whether they bring with them another ‘perspective’. Acknowledging these differences helps with demarcation but does not solve the ‘problem of demarcation’. Every experience is perspectival and cannot handle, alone, the intertwined and complex issues found in public debates involving technical matters. The challenge, then, concerns the ways to mediate interactions between actors with distinct perspectives, experiences and abilities.
The anxious production of beauty: Unruly bodies, surgical anxiety and invisible care
Authors: Leem So Yeon
Published: December 2015

This study is based on ethnographic fieldwork at a plastic surgery clinic in Seoul, South Korea. Examining the three phases of plastic – consultation, operation and recovery – I show how surgeons work to shape not only patients’ bodies but also expectations and satisfaction. Surgeons do so in part to assuage their own anxieties, which arise from the possibility of misaligned beauty standards and unforeseen anatomies, as well as the possible dissatisfaction of the patient. I offer the concept of ‘surgical anxiety’, which occurs in relation to inherently unruly patient bodies in which worries, fear, frustration, self-pity, cynicism, anger and even loneliness are symptomatic. The unpredictability and uncontrollability of patients’ bodies, which generates anxiety for both patients and surgeons, work to constrain the power of plastic surgery and making it inherently vulnerable. This study also pays attention to the invisible work of taking care of surgical anxiety, as practised by female staff members, and surgeons’ dependence on these workers. My focus on anxiety is a kind of remedy for the predominant concern with ‘ambivalence’ in constructivist science and technology studies; rather than continue to highlight the power differentials between experts/practitioners and lay people/patients, this study illuminates surgical anxiety as their shared vulnerability. Thus, this study proposes a new politics of care in technoscience and medicine, which begins with anxiety.
Cryoconite
Authors: Cook Joseph , Edwards Arwyn , Takeuchi Nozomu , Irvine-Fynn Tristram
Published: December 2015

Cryoconite is granular sediment found on glacier surfaces comprising both mineral and biological material. Despite long having been recognised as an important glaciological and biological phenomenon cryoconite remains relatively poorly understood. Here, we appraise the literature on cryoconite for the first time, with the aim of synthesising and evaluating current knowledge to direct future investigations. We review the properties of cryoconite, the environments in which it is found, the biology and biogeochemistry of cryoconite, and its interactions with climate and anthropogenic pollutants. We generally focus upon cryoconite in the Arctic in summer, with Antarctic and lower latitude settings examined individually. We then compare the current state-of-the-science with that at the turn of the twentieth century, and suggest directions for future research including specific recommendations for studies at a range of spatial scales and a framework for integrating these into a more holistic understanding of cryoconite and its role in the cryosphere.
Cyclic mechanical behavior of thin layers of copper: A theoretical and numerical study
Authors: Fellner Klaus , Antretter Thomas , Fuchs Peter F , Pélisset Tiphaine
Published: December 2015

In printed circuit boards, thin copper layers are used as current paths. During the thermal loading of printed circuit boards, stresses arise due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the used materials. To be able to model the mechanical behavior of printed circuit boards under cyclic thermal loads, cyclic mechanical tests of thin copper foils under changing tensile and compression loads at different temperatures were conducted. From these experiments, the isotropic and kinematic hardening parameters were determined serving as material input data for a nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening model in the finite element analysis-software Abaqus. The kinematic hardening parameters were fitted in an optimization process. The isotropic hardening variables were determined based on the stress versus plastic strain relationship that was constructed incrementally from the available individual cycles. The so-obtained curve was found to be not unique, but to depend on the loading situation. Hence, different approaches for strain range memorization were evaluated. Since these approaches were developed for modeling strain-controlled tests, whereas the experimental data were obtained in a force-controlled way, a phenomenological formulation was developed and applied. The results of curvature measurements during thermal cycling were used for model validation. The experimental results and the numerical predictions are in good agreement.
Gene-based pleiotropy across migraine with aura and migraine without aura patient groups
Authors: Zhao Huiying , Eising Else , de Vries Boukje , Vijfhuizen Lisanne S ,   for the International Headache Genetics Consortium, Anttila Verneri , Winsvold Bendik S , Kurth Tobias , Stefansson Hreinn , Kallela Mikko , Malik Rainer , Stam Anine H , Ikram M Arfan , Ligthart Lannie , Freilinger Tobias , Alexander Michael , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Schreiber Stefan , Meitinger Thomas , Aromas Arpo , Eriksson Johan G , Boomsma Dorret I , van Duijn Cornelia M , Zwart John-Anker , Quaye Lydia , Kubisch Christian , Dichgans Martin , Wessman Maija , Stefansson Kari , Chasman Daniel I , Palotie Aarno , Martin Nicholas G , Montgomery Grant W , Ferrari Michel D , Terwindt Gisela M , van den Maagdenberg Arn M J M , Nyholt Dale R
Published: December 2015

Introduction

It is unclear whether patients diagnosed according to International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) experience distinct disorders or whether their migraine subtypes are genetically related.

Aim

Using a novel gene-based (statistical) approach, we aimed to identify individual genes and pathways associated both with MA and MO.

Methods

Gene-based tests were performed using genome-wide association summary statistic results from the most recent International Headache Genetics Consortium study comparing 4505 MA cases with 34,813 controls and 4038 MO cases with 40,294 controls. After accounting for non-independence of gene-based test results, we examined the significance of the proportion of shared genes associated with MA and MO.

Results

We found a significant overlap in genes associated with MA and MO. Of the total 1514 genes with a nominally significant gene-based p value ( pgene-based ≤ 0.05) in the MA subgroup, 107 also produced pgene-based ≤ 0.05 in the MO subgroup. The proportion of overlapping genes is almost double the empirically derived null expectation, producing significant evidence of gene-based overlap (pleiotropy) ( pbinomial-test = 1.5 × 10–4). Combining results across MA and MO, six genes produced genome-wide significant gene-based p values. Four of these genes ( TRPM8, UFL1, FHL5 and LRP1) were located in close proximity to previously reported genome-wide significant SNPs for migraine, while two genes, TARBP2 and NPFF separated by just 259 bp on chromosome 12q13.13, represent a novel risk locus. The genes overlapping in both migraine types were enriched for functions related to inflammation, the cardiovascular system and connective tissue.

Conclusions

Our results provide novel insight into the likely genes and biological mechanisms that underlie both MA and MO, and when combined with previous data, highlight the neuropeptide FF-amide peptide encoding gene ( NPFF) as a novel candidate risk gene for both types of migraine.
Arthroscopic Stabilization of Chronic Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocations
Authors: Tauber Mark , Valler Dennis , Lichtenberg Sven , Magosch Petra , Moroder Philipp , Habermeyer Peter
Published: December 2015

Background:

Arthroscopically assisted single-bundle (SB) or double-bundle coracoclavicular (CC) ligament reconstruction using autologous tendon grafts has been reported to provide acromioclavicular (AC) joint (ACJ) stability in chronic instability cases. Recently, additional AC ligament reconstruction to provide triple-bundle (TB) stabilization has been introduced but lacks a comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes.

Hypothesis:

Arthroscopically assisted anatomic TB CC and AC reconstruction yields superior clinical and radiological results when compared with nonanatomic SB CC reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Twenty-six patients (mean [±SD] age, 46.9 ± 12.8 years) suffering from chronic high-grade ACJ instability underwent ACJ stabilization using autologous hamstring grafts. Twelve patients underwent combined anatomic TB CC and AC reconstruction using a semitendinosus tendon with clavicular interference screw fixation (TB group), and 14 underwent isolated SB CC reconstruction using the AC GraftRope system with a gracilis tendon (SB group). After a minimum follow-up of 2 years (mean, 29.0 ± 7.4 months), patients were evaluated radiologically and clinically using the Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Taft, and Acromioclavicular Joint Instability Score (ACJI) outcome measures.

Results:

The mean Constant score increased significantly in both groups, from 71.6 preoperatively to 88.8 postoperatively in the TB group and from 67.8 to 82.6 in the SB group ( P ≤ .009). No intergroup difference was found regarding the final Constant or ASES scores. Regarding the ACJ-specific scores, the final outcomes were significantly different: 10.9 (TB group) versus 9.0 (SB group) for the mean Taft score ( P = .018) and 84.7 versus 58.4, respectively, for the mean ACJI score ( P = .0001). No significant radiological difference was found regarding the mean CC distance (10.7 mm [TB group] vs 13.1 mm [SB group]). The TB group showed superior horizontal ACJ stability ( P = .011), which was associated with a better clinical outcome according to the ACJI and Taft scores. In the SB group, the rate of ACJ instability recurrence was higher (21% vs 8% [TB group]).

Conclusion:

Combined arthroscopically assisted anatomic TB CC and AC ligament reconstruction using an autologous semitendinosus tendon graft provides superior clinical and radiological results compared with isolated nonanatomic SB CC ligament reconstruction using the AC GraftRope system. In particular, the TB technique can better restore horizontal ACJ stability, which is associated with superior ACJ-specific outcome scores.
Homework Distraction Scale
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Fan Xitao , Du Jianxia
Published: December 2015

The goal of the current investigation was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Homework Distraction Scale (HDS) using 796 middle school students. Results from confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) supported the presence of two distinct yet related subscales for the HDS: Conventional Distraction and Tech-Related Distraction. Results of measurement invariance tests further revealed that factor loadings were invariant across gender groups. Finally, correlation coefficients between the HDS and other external measures (goal orientations, homework behaviors, and homework interest) were consistent with theoretical expectations.
Visceral fat increase and signals of inflammation in adipose tissue after administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice
Authors: Silva Adny H , Locatelli Claudriana , Filho Ubirajara PR , Gomes Bruna F , de Carvalho Júnior Rui M , de Gois Jefferson S , Borges Daniel LG , Creczynski-Pasa Tânia B
Published: December 2015

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) are present in several daily use products, and the risks associated with their bioaccumulation must be stablished. Thus, an evaluation of several toxicological-related effects was conducted after intraperitoneal injection of TiO2 NPs in mice. Mice were divided into two groups, which received 2 mg kg−1 day−1 of TiO2 NPs or vehicle saline. Assessments of body and organ weight as well as biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed in order to evaluate adverse effects. The results showed that treatment resulted in an increased visceral and abdominal fat deposition, as well as a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the abdominal fat tissue. The TiO2 NPs induced significant decrease in the weight gain and splenomegaly. Additionally, TiO2 NP-treated mice showed altered hematological parameters and significant liver injuries, which were characterized by histopathological and biochemical changes. Our results also indicated that TiO2 NPs were absorbed and significantly accumulated in the spleen, liver, and kidney. These results showed the ability of TiO2 NPs to infiltrate different organs and to induce inflammation and liver and spleen damage with visceral fat accumulation. The data obtained are useful for the governmental authorities to legislate and implement regulations concerning the use and the production of this kind of material that might be hazardous to the living beings, as well as to the environment.
Timing in the Testis
Authors: Bittman Eric L.
Published: December 2015

The testis provides not just one but several models of temporal organization. The complexity of its rhythmic function arises in part from its compartmentalization and diversity of cell types: not only does the testis produce gametes, but it also serves as the major source of circulating androgens. Within the seminiferous tubules, the germ cells divide and differentiate while in intimate contact with Sertoli cells. The tubule is highly periodic: a spermatogenic wave travels along its length to determine the timing of the commitment of spermatogonia to differentiate, the phases of meiotic division, and the rate of differentiation of the postmeiotic germ cells. Recent evidence indicates that oscillations of retinoic acid play a major role in determining periodicity of the seminiferous epithelium. In the interstitial space, Leydig cells produce the steroid hormones required both for the completion of spermatogenesis and the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics throughout the body. This endocrine output also oscillates; although the pulse generator lies outside the gonad, the steroidogenic function of Leydig cells is tuned to a regular episodic input. While the oscillations of the intratubular and interstitial cells have multihour (ultradian) and multiday (infradian) periodicities, respectively, the functions of both compartments also display dramatic seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, circadian rhythms are evident in some of the cell types, although their amplitude and pervasiveness are not as great as in many other tissues of the same organism, and their detection may require methods that recognize the heterogeneity of the testis. This review examines the periodicity of testicular function along multiple time scales.
Real-Time Recording of Circadian Per1 and Per2 Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Freely Moving Rats
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshiaki , Okada Kazuki , Mizuno Takanobu , Ota Takumi , Yamada Hiroyuki , Doi Masao , Kobayashi Masaki , Tei Hajime , Shigeyoshi Yasufumi , Okamura Hitoshi
Published: December 2015

Measuring real-time gene activity in the brains of freely moving animals presents a challenging issue in neuroscience research. Circadian gene expression in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a small nucleus in the hypothalamus, is reflected in behavioral rhythmicity. Cellular oscillatory gene expression is generated by a transcription-translation feedback loop of clock genes including 2 oscillatory genes, Per1 and Per2. Here we have succeeded in real-time monitoring of Per1 and Per2 transcription separately by detecting the bioluminescence of luciferase ( luc) reporters using a plastic optical fiber inserted into the SCN of freely moving rats. Per1-luc and Per2-luc rhythms peaked in the middle and late subjective day, respectively, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR-based measurements of SCN tissue samples. Studies of in vivo transcriptional states of clock genes in freely moving animals should improve our understanding of how clock gene expression is reflected in behavior.
Prioritizing health leadership capabilities in Canada
Authors: Marchildon Gregory P. , Fletcher Amber J.
Published: December 2015

This article is the first major empirical test of LEADS in a Caring Environment, the principal leadership capability framework in Canada. The results rank the perceived salience of leadership attributes, given time and budget constraints, while implementing a major organization reform in the Saskatchewan health system. The results also indicate important differences between self-assessed leadership behaviours versus observed behaviours in other leaders that may reflect participants’ expectations of managers with designated authority.
Physicians at the executive table
Authors: Eagle Chris
Published: December 2015

This article explores factors that influence decision-making by physician leaders, particularly at the executive level. Most physician leaders maintain their clinical practices and some may also have active academic careers, resulting in multiple accountabilities. Managing these accountabilities requires expenditure of time and energy. Other members of the executive team may also bear multiple accountabilities, but physicians are unique in the complexity of their work environment. This article is not intended to be an academic treatise but rather a summary of experiences observed and lived by the author over 25 years as a physician leader.
Redefining ethical leadership in a 21st-century healthcare system
Authors: Ho Anita , Pinney Stephen
Published: December 2015

Traditional ethical leadership in healthcare concentrated on the oversight of the individual provider–patient relationship. However, as care delivery becomes predominantly team-based and integrated across provider organizations, these ethical frameworks also need to consider meso- and macro-factors within the system. These broader issues require managers and administrative leaders to augment their ethical perspectives beyond current and prospective patients with those of the team, organization, and broader system, where high levels of coordination and oversight are essential. Administrators are increasingly ethically accountable not only for how individual care encounters are conducted (micro level) but also for how the system is organized to deliver and ensure quality care for patients receiving care (meso level) and service populations who turn to them for care when needed (macro level).
Improving hospital quality through payment reforms
Authors: Hellsten Erik , Liu Guiping , Yue Elizabeth , Gao Golden , Sutherland Jason M.
Published: December 2015

Among the most devastating and costly consequences of fragmented care is unplanned readmissions. This study adapts Medicare’s incentive program and applies the policy to hospitals in British Columbia. The financial implications for hospitals affected by these policies would be small and it is questionable whether the disincentive is worth the trade-offs.
Development and implementation of the Saskatchewan Leadership Program
Authors: Mutwiri Betty , Witt Christine , Denysek Christina , Halferdahl Susan , McLeod Katherine M.
Published: December 2015

The Saskatchewan Leadership Program (SLP) was developed based on the LEADS framework and aligned with Lean management to build leadership renewal and sustainability conducive to transformational change in the Saskatchewan health system. This article describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the SLP, including experiences and lessons learned.
The Tyranny of the Male Preserve
Authors: Matthews Christopher R.
Published: December 2015

Within this paper I draw on short vignettes and quotes taken from a two-year ethnographic study of boxing to think through the continuing academic merit of the notion of the male preserve. This is an important task due to evidence of shifts in social patterns of gender that have developed since the idea was first proposed in the 1970s. In aligning theoretical contributions from Lefebvre and Butler to discussions of the male preserve, we are able to add nuance to our understanding of how such social spaces are engrained with and produced by the lingering grasp of patriarchal narratives. In particular, by situating the male preserve within shifting social processes, whereby certain men’s power is increasingly undermined, I highlight the production of space within which narratives connecting men to violence, aggression, and physical power can be consumed, performed, and reified in a relatively unrestricted form. This specific case study contributes to gender theory as an illustration of a way in which we might explore and understand social enclaves where certain people are able to lay claim to space and power. As such, I argue that the notion of the male preserve is still a useful conceptual, theoretical, and political device, especially when considered as produced by the tyranny of gender power through the dramatic representation and reification of behaviors symbolically linked to patriarchal narrations of manhood.
Buckling of laminated composite cylindrical skew panels
Authors: Chikkol Srinivasa Venkateshappa , Wooday Prema Kumar Puttiah , Yelaburgi Suresh Jayadevappa
Published: December 2015

Experimental studies were made on isotropic cylindrical skew panels made of Aluminum 7075-T6 and laminated composite cylindrical skew panels under uniaxial compression. The experimental values of the critical buckling load ( Pcr) were determined using five different methods. The values of Pcr were also determined using MSC/Nastran and CQUAD8 finite element. The experimental values of the Pcr obtained by different methods were compared with the finite element solution. The effects of the skew angle and aspect ratio on the critical buckling load of isotropic cylindrical skew panels made of Aluminum 7075-T6 were studied. The effects of the skew angle, aspect ratio, and the laminate stacking sequence on the critical buckling load of laminated composite cylindrical skew panels were also studied. It is found that the method IV (based on a plot of applied load ( P) vs. average axial strain) yields the highest value for Pcr and method III (based on a plot of P vs. square of out-of-plane-deflection) the lowest value for Pcr. The experimental values given by method IV are seen to be closest to the finite element solution, the discrepancy being in the range of 5–23% for laminated composite cylindrical skew panels. For isotropic panels, it is found that the value Pcr initially increases with an increase in the skew angle and later decreases as the skew angle increases beyond 15°. For laminated composite panels, the Pcr value decreases as the aspect ratio increases for all laminate stacking sequences.
The effect of beverage storage packets (Tetra Pak™) waste on mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites
Authors: Ebadi Masoud , Farsi Mohammad , Narchin Parvaneh , Madhoushi Mehrab
Published: December 2015

The present study seeks to investigate the effect of beverage storage carton (Tetra Pak™) waste and maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE), coordinated to light polyethylene on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Four levels of Tetra Pak™ (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and two levels MAPE (0% and 3%) were used. At first, the materials were mixed in a Haake internal mixer and then the samples were made through the injection molding method. The results showed that the composites containing 30% of Tetra Pak™ and 3% MAPE have the highest strength and tensile modulus. Moreover, the sample Tetra Pak™ and containing 3% of MAPE has the highest impact resistance. These results have been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
An Examination of the (Un)Intended Consequences of Performance Funding in Higher Education
Authors: Umbricht Mark R. , Fernandez Frank , Ortagus Justin C.
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have shown that state performance funding policies do not increase baccalaureate degree production, but higher education scholarship lacks a rigorous, quantitative analysis of the unintended consequences of performance funding. In this article, we use difference-in-differences estimation with fixed effects to evaluate performance funding in Indiana. We find that performance funding did not increase the number of graduates and instead led to declining admission rates and increased selectivity at Indiana’s public universities. When compared with surrounding states, we find limited evidence that the effects of performance funding could disproportionately limit college access for Indiana’s low-income and minority applicants.
Disengaging Parents in Urban Schooling
Authors: Luet Kathryn McGinn
Published: December 2015

Drawing on a 5-year qualitative study, this article explores opportunities for and barriers to parental engagement in a small, urban school district. Two competing narratives of parental involvement emerge. In one, parents describe their reluctance to engage formally in a district that continually fails their children. In the other, stakeholders argue that schools will not improve until parents become involved. Data demonstrate that many parents actively support their children’s education, exhibiting various forms of what Yosso terms “community cultural wealth.” This article concludes by questioning the claim that parents are not involved, utilizing Bourdieu’s theories of symbolic capital and symbolic violence to explain the prevalence of this discourse of disengagement.