bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LiF Formation and Cathode Swelling in the Li/CFx Battery
Authors: Read Jeffrey , Collins Evan , Piekarski Brandon , Zhang Sheng
Published: March 2011

The Li/CFx cell has been traditionally used for low rate applications at discharge rates of C/1000 or lower. The development of cells capable of operating at discharge rates closer to C/10 is underway for communication applications. The Li/CFx cell is known to produce a significant amount of thermal power during high rate discharge and cathode swelling that can result in mechanical deformation of the cell. Previously, we characterized the thermal power during discharge in both coin cells and large format cells and proposed that the discharge is a two phase reaction with the direct formation of LiF. In this paper we measure the mechanical cathode swelling as a function of discharge depth, rate, and temperature. Discharged cathodes are then characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption surface area measurements. These results support a mechanism where the discharge product is LiF deposited on the internal surfaces of the carbon layers left behind after electrochemical reduction with this deposition leading directly to the measured cathode swelling. The recrystallization of LiF observed by X-ray diffraction over a period of days results in a long time constant thermal power that can be measured after discharge in large format cells.
Less Conservative ℋ∞ Fuzzy Control for Discrete‐Time Takagi‐Sugeno Systems
Authors: Mozelli Leonardo Amaral , Palhares Reinaldo Martinez
Published: March 2011

New analysis and control design conditions of discrete‐time fuzzy systems are proposed. Using fuzzy Lyapunov′s functions and introducing slack variables, less conservative conditions are obtained. The controller guarantees system stabilization and ℋ∞ performance. Numerical tests and a practical experiment in Chua′s circuit are presented to show the effectiveness.
Preparation and Characterization of Stealth Archaeosomes Based on a Synthetic PEGylated Archaeal Tetraether Lipid
Authors: Barbeau Julie , Cammas-Marion Sandrine , Auvray Pierrick , Benvegnu Thierry
Published: March 2011

The present studies were focused on the formation and characterization of sterically stabilized archaeosomes made from a synthetic PEGylated archaeal lipid. In a first step, a synthetic archaeal tetraether bipolar lipid was functionalized with a poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, and (PEG45-Tetraether) with the aim of coating the archaeosome surface with a sterically stabilizing hydrophilic polymer. In a second step, Egg-PC/PEG45-Tetraether (90/10 wt%) archaeosomes were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics were determined by dynamic light scattering (size, polydispersity), cryo-TEM (morphology), and by high-performance thin layer chromatography (lipid composition), in comparison with standard Egg-PC/PEG45-DSPE formulations. Further, a fluorescent dye, the carboxyfluorescein, was encapsulated into the prepared archaeosomes in order to evaluate the potential of such nanostructures as drug carriers. Release studies have shown that the stability of Egg-PC/PEG45-Tetraether-based archaeosomes is significantly higher at 37∘C than the one of Egg-PC/PEG45-DSPE-based liposomes, as evidenced by the slower release of the dye encapsulated into PEGylated archaeosomes. This enhanced stability could be related to the membrane spanning properties of the archaeal bipolar lipid as already described with natural or synthetic tetraether lipids.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanorods Based on a New Gel Pyrolysis Method
Authors: Karami Hassan , Fakoori Elham
Published: March 2011

ZnO nanorods were fabricated by a template-free gel pyrrolysis method based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric network. In the present method, zinc salt precursor is trapped in the homogenized gel network to control the mechanism and kinetics of zinc salt calcinations process. By controlling the gel structure and gel pyrrolysis rate, zinc salt precursor can be calcinated to zinc oxide nanorods. The morphology and particle size of the synthesized sample depend on some parameters including amount of zinc salt and PVA in the initial solution, type and composition of the solvent, type and amount of the additives, solution pH, pyrrolysis temperature, and the time of pyrrolysis, which were optimized by the “one at a time” method. The prepared zinc oxide nanorods were carefully characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The obtained result showed that the present method can be used to synthesize pure and uniform zinc oxide nanorods with energy band gap 3.31 eV, effective surface area of 19  m2·g−1, average diameters of 60 nm, and length of 1000 nm.
Rapamycin Regulates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Damage in SP-C-Deficient Mice
Authors: Madala Satish K. , Maxfield Melissa D. , Davidson Cynthia R. , Schmidt Stephanie M. , Garry Daniel , Ikegami Machiko , Hardie William D. , Glasser Stephan W.
Published: March 2011

Injury to the distal respiratory epithelium has been implicated as an underlying cause of idiopathic lung diseases. Mutations that result in SP-C deficiencies are linked to a small subset of spontaneous and familial cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Gene-targeted mice that lack SP-C () develop an irregular ILD-like disease with age and are a model of the human SP-C related disease. In the current study, we investigated whether rapamycin could ameliorate bleomycin-induced fibrosis in the lungs of mice. and −/− mice were exposed to bleomycin with either preventative administration of rapamycin or therapeutic administration beginning eight days after the bleomycin injury. Rapamycin-treatment increased weight loss and decreased survival of bleomycin-treated and mice. Rapamycin did not reduce the fibrotic disease in the prophylactic or rescue experiments of either genotype of mice. Further, rapamycin treatment augmented airway resistance and reduced lung compliance of bleomycin-treated mice. Rapamycin treatment was associated with an increased expression of profibrotic Th2 cytokines and reduced expression of INF-γ. These findings indicate that novel therapeutics will be required to treat individuals with SP-C deficient ILD/IPF.
Morphological Changes of Parotid Gland in Experimental Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Daskala Ioanna D. , Tesseromatis Christina C.
Published: March 2011

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hyperlipidemia in the microstructure of parotid gland and its possible amelioration through statin treatment on Wistar rats.Methods. Forty Wistar rats (111.06±3.36 g) were divided into 4 groups (A1, A2 controls, B1, B2 experimental). Groups A1 and A2 consumed normal cereal rodents diet during the experimental hyperlipidemic mixture. The A2 and B2 were treated with simvastatin (Zocor) 40 mg/kg/daily p.o. for 3 months.Results. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins were increased in groups B1 and B2 while the parotid weight was decreased. The histological findings demonstrated changes in the parotid gland morphology of the B1 and B2, such as the presence of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, lipocytes, and foci of lymphocytic infiltration.Conclusions. The influence of statin tended to predominate over the chronic inflammation while the lipocytes were decreased and remodelling of the parotid's structure occurred.
Effective Antenna Modellings for NF-FF Transformations with Spherical Scanning Using the Minimum Number of Data
Authors: D'Agostino Francesco , Ferrara Flaminio , Gennarelli Claudio , Guerriero Rocco , Migliozzi Massimo
Published: March 2011

Two efficient probe-compensated near-field-far-field transformations with spherical scanning for antennas having two dimensions very different from the third one are here developed. They rely on the nonredundant sampling representations of the electromagnetic fields and on the optimal sampling interpolation expansions, and use effective antenna modellings. In particular, an antenna with a predominant dimension is no longer considered as enclosed in a sphere but in a cylinder ended in two half spheres, whereas a surface formed by two circular “bowls” with the same aperture diameter but different lateral bends is adopted to shape an antenna with two predominant dimensions. These modellings are able to fit very well a lot of antennas by properly setting their geometric parameters. It is so possible to remarkably lower the number of data to be acquired, thus significantly reducing the measurement time. Numerical tests assessing the accuracy and the robustness of the techniques are reported.
The Significance of the Arabic-Modelled Malay Novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum
Authors: Bahjat Mujahid M. , Muhammad Basil Q.
Published: March 2011

Arabic literature had a great impact on Malay literature, due to the cultural connection with Arabic through Islam. This article attempts to uncover the extent to which the Malay narrative tradition has been influenced by Egyptian literature through the example of the novel Hikayat Faridah Hanum, published in 1925-6 by Syed Sheikh bin Ahmad al-Hadi, which appears to have been influenced by Muammad ussain Haykal’s novel Zaynab, first published in 1914. It also reveals that the similarity between the two works does not indicate plagiarism, but rather al- Hadi’s concern for the Malaysian narrative forms and their preference for happy endings. As a reformist, Syed Sheikh’s novel is an embodiment of his intellectual ideals of liberating Malay women from traditional social bonds well established in Malay society.
“Acoustic Walls”: On Feminine Voices in Stories by Sāmiyah ‘At‘ūt
Authors: Gottesfeld Dorit
Published: March 2011

This article examines the new line of writing introduced by young Palestinian women writers, focusing on the works of the Palestinian-Jordanian writer Sāmiyah ‘At‘ūt and her use of a relatively new literary genre, that of the Very Short Story. This article argues that ‘At‘ūt exploits the conciseness characteristic of this genre to underscore women’s issues and the feminine perspective, and to subvert male literary writing conventions. It shows how the stories reflect a reality of social rupture along gendered lines on the one hand, and on the other, attempt to establish an alternative by revealing the thoughts of the female protagonists and the way in which they analyze and perceive their social situation.
,,Sie schenkte mir drei Tassen Spruch...“ Wilhelm von Humboldt und die Anfänge der deutsch-jüdischen Geselligkeit in den Briefen der Berliner Salongesellschaft
Authors: Lund Hannah Lotte
Published: March 2011

The Berlin Jewish Salons of 1800 have often been discussed as places for emancipation and even as moments of ,,German-Jewish Symbiosis”, a phrase that has been questioned ever since Gershom Scholem's verdict, that there was no such thing as a German-Jewish dialogue. This article explores the ways and the tone of the communication in the Berlin salon of the 1790s as it can be traced in their papers and letters. On the basis of mainly unpublished ,,billets” it can be shown that members of the salon society upheld a somewhat ,,enlightened” tone. A specific blend of irony, wit, gallantry and gossip helped to deal with conflicting issues such as differences in background or conversion. On the example of Wilhelm von Humboldt, the paper discusses to what extent the networking relationships of the 1790s changed and were still relevant at the beginning of the 19th century.
Im Kreise der Aufgeklärten Der Einfluss Moses Mendelssohns und David Friedländers auf die Reformkonzepte Wilhelm von Humboldts
Authors: Schoeps Julius H.
Published: March 2011

The following article aims at investigating the influence of the Haskalah on Wilhelm von Humboldt's reform plans. The argument is that Moses Mendelssohn and his student David Friedländer indeed had contact with Wilhelm von Humboldt. Nevertheless, their influence was not direct, but rather indirect. The article shows that Mendelssohn and Friedländer inspired some of Wilhelm von Humboldt's ideas.
Der Asketen- als Wissenskörper: Zum verkörperlichten Wissen des Simeon Stylites in ausgewählten texten der Spätantike
Authors: Renger Almut-Barbara , Stellmacher Alexandra
Published: March 2011

The strict distinction and separation of mind and body is a particularly modern Western point of view that is routinely also applied to other cultures. Arguing against this dichotomy, the following contribution builds upon research on "implicit knowledge" (Michael Polanyi) and "knowing how" that allow us to view body and mind in their interaction. The focus is on Simeon Stylites the Elder, the most prominent representative of the Syrian ascetic movement, who, in a spectacular way and after incessant exercise, was able to act from a sphere of internalized body-knowledge. Selected texts on him dating from Late Antiquity will illustrate how the ascetic body was represented as a body of knowledge with which the idea of Christian perfection was to be fulfilled.
Du sollst dir kein Bildnis machen: Das Problem der künstlerischen Darstellung des Göttlichen in Hermann Cohens Ästhetik
Authors: Gamba Ezio
Published: March 2011

Jewish monotheism forbids every representation of God. In ancient Greece, on the contrary, great sculptural art was mainly representation of several gods. I wonder whether, according to Hermann Cohen, sculpture and paganism are necessarily bound together. What, then, is the meaning of artistic representation of Jesus Christ? Is he the ideal of an unification of God and Man?
Furcht vor Vernichtung und der ewige Bund: Das Buch Ester im Judentum und in jüdischer Theologie
Authors: Kalimi Isaac
Published: March 2011

Although for some reasons the book of Esther is missing from among the biblical manuscripts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, it has a unique place in Judaism and Jewish theology and thought. A large number of exegetes, ballads, poems, essays, arts, etc. have been composed on it, in all times and places, alongside the Jewish history and culture. Esther expresses one of the worst fears of the Jewish people: fear for complete annihilation, which is also well documented in the Hebrew Bible as well as in some extra-biblical sources (e.g., "Israel Stele", Moabite Stone). Esther replies to that fear, and forwards the theological message that God never leaves Israel. He is the faithful God "who maintains covenant loyalty with those who love him and keep his commandments". Yet, the historical reality of the Jewish Diaspora shows differently. The article discusses, therefore, also this theology, history and us, as post-Sho'ah readers of Esther.
Non-Participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement: Status and Reasons
Authors: Molenaar E.J.
Published: March 2011

Although the Fish Stocks Agreement was adopted by consensus after around only 2.5 years of negotiation, the final text did not fully resolve all significant differences of view. As it was feared that participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement would remain as troublesome as in the 1958 Geneva Fisheries Convention, considerable efforts have been made to promote wider participation since the Agreement’s entry into force in 2001. On 22 November 2010 there were 78 parties to the Fish Stocks Agreement and 161 to the Law of the Sea Convention. This article examines the current status and reasons for non-participation in the Fish Stocks Agreement by, inter alia, categorizing non-participation, appraising participation in light of the current participation in the Law of the Sea Convention and examining the relationship between the Agreement and regional fisheries management organizations.
Implementing a New Regime of Stable Maritime Zones to Ensure the (Economic) Survival of Small Island States Threatened by Sea-Level Rise
Authors: Stoutenburg Jenny Grote
Published: March 2011

Some low-lying small island states are in danger of being rendered uninhabitable or even completely submerged by climate change-induced sea-level rise. However, even before their physical destruction, the socio-economic viability of small island states might be compromised by the current design of the law of the sea which provides for ambulatory baselines and maritime limits and thus the shrinking of maritime zones with sea-level rise. This article examines the legal avenues open to small island and other interested states to permanently fix their maritime zones. Concluding that unilateral strategies are inadequate, it proposes the adoption of coordinated responses such as an Implementation Agreement on Sea-Level Rise or a UN General Assembly resolution on stable maritime zones and explores the precedential basis, scope and possible content of these collective implementation mechanisms for a new regime of stable maritime zones.
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht’s Idea of State Sovereignty ‐ Is It Still Alive?
Authors: Kwiecień Roman
Published: March 2011

This article explores Lauterpacht’s understanding of state sovereignty and its importance today. To this end, it presents intellectual roots of Lauterpacht’s legal thought that is both negative inspiration of his teaching (legal positivism) and the leading role in his work of Grotian and Victorian tradition embodying ideas of natural law, liberalism and progress, supported by Kelsen’s epistemology. Lauterpacht rejects legal positivism, which underlines a freedom of action of states, and, consequently, dependence of international law on state sovereignty. What he deems as relevant is the inverse dependence ‐ sovereignty stems from international law. The idea of sovereignty performs an important cognitive function by indicating the absence of legal interdependencies between states. Sovereignty is not an absolute, rigid category, but a bundle of rights conferred on states by international law. Such a nominalist approach to sovereignty is today noteworthy all the more because it counters mythology of state and its sovereignty. Yet, the more crucial aspect of Lauterpacht’s idea of sovereignty concerns the position of individuals. His view that human beings should be treated as ultimate subjects of law and that sovereignty means not only rights but also state responsibility is today strongly supported in academia and by some political initiatives.
A Visionary Behind the Iron Curtain: Cezary Berezowski on European Integration
Authors: Łazowski Adam
Published: March 2011

This contribution presents the visionary work of Ceary Berezowksi. It focuses on an article published by Berezowski in 1958 entitled “Współpraca współistnienia i współpraca integracji” [Co-operation of co-existence and co-operation of integration], and examines how and to what degree his conclusions on the future of international and European Union law were or were not re-affirmed by later events and jurisprudence.
Preclusion of Wrongfulness of the Use of Force
Authors: Wlaź Aureliusz
Published: March 2011

This contribution, stemming from a presentation made at the Conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht - Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge on 5-6 November 2008, addresses the current debate on the legality of the use of force in international relations. More specifically, it considers the possibility and applicability of the ‘preclusion of wrongfulness’ argument with respect to the use of force. It is argued that although circumstances precluding wrongfulness were never expressly invoked in the context of the use of force, such a possibility may be worth consideration.
Where is the World Heading? Shaping a New International System
Authors: Rotfeld Adam Daniel
Published: March 2011

Attempting to understand the way in which the international system evolves and what the main forces that shape its future progress are, is always a complicated endeavour. In the present article, based on the presentation made at the Conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht ‐ Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge, the author undertakes this daunting task. Whereas Kissinger argued that there exist only two paths to stability, hegemony or equilibrium, in this article it is argued that this does not reflect the current reality and challenges of the 21st century. By analysing the current forces and challenges of the modern international community the author of the present article strives to derive certain conclusions as to where the world is heading and what would be the shape of the international system.
Count Rostworowski as an International Lawyer and Judge
Authors: Wyrozumska Anna
Published: March 2011

This article, stemming from a presentation made at the conference “Sir Hersch Lauterpacht ‐ Lawyer of Two Cultures”, organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Poland and the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law of the University of Cambridge on 5‐6 November 2008, introduces the life and work of Count Rostworowski as a lawyer, academic and international judge. The main focus is on his approach to international law and treaty interpretation in his opinions in the cases of the Permanent Court of International Justice, on which he sat as a judge.
Legal Title versus Effectivités: Prescription and the Promise and Problems of Private Law Analogies
Authors: O’Keefe Roger
Published: March 2011

Which is to prevail in a territorial dispute between the legal title of the one state and the actual display of sovereignty by the other? In the absence of any conventional or customary rule on point, Hersch Lauterpacht would have urged recourse to analogy with municipal private law. But the structural difference between the international and municipal legal orders and the availability of several pertinent private law analogies have complicated the answer to whether what is known as prescription finds a place in public international law. The recent resolution of the question highlights both the utility of and the risk of doctrinal imprecision involved in recourse by the international adjudicator to private law analogies.
The State as a Respondent in Central and Eastern European Investment Arbitrations
Authors: Gomula Joanna
Published: March 2011

Hersch Lauterpacht would have welcomed the development of international investment law and the surge in investor-State arbitrations. However, he may have been surprised at the extent of the erosion of the perception of the State as a sovereign on the international plane, which has been occurring in recent years. This article examines some international investment arbitrations in which Central and Eastern European States have been involved. It points out the factors that make these States particularly vulnerable as respondents and contains an overview of the different approaches taken by investment tribunals in these cases.
History’s ‘So it seems’: Heidegger-ian Phenomenologies and History
Authors: Jones Adrian
Published: March 2011

This article entitled “History’s ‘So it seems’” explores the potential of phenomenology for the framing of histories which privilege partcipant perspectives. The theory agenda of the article adapts insights drawn from Heidegger’s ontological hermeneutic of Da-sein ‐ the human condition of being-there and being-aware (or not aware). The theory agenda also adapts Heidegger’s readings of Heraclitus. The practical agenda of the article illustrates this potential of Heidegger’s phenomenology for history by contrasting ‘so it once seemed’ senses of the Emperor Julian the Apostate’s Roman pagan self-hood. The contrasts are autobiographical (Julian’s Misopogon), contemporary biographical (Ammianus Marcellinus’s history), and long-lag biographical (Gore Vidal’s novel avowedly constrained by the sources).
History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood
Authors: Leach Stephen
Published: March 2011

The author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
Secularization, History, and Political Theology: The Hans Blumenberg and Carl Schmitt Debate
Authors: Bragagnolo Celina María
Published: March 2011

Considering the enormous outpouring of scholarly work on Schmitt over the last two decades, the absence of an adequate treatment in English of Schmitt’s concept of history and the problem of secularization is quite surprising. After all, it is Schmitt himself who claims that “all human beings who plan and attempt to unite the masses behind their plans engage in some form of philosophy of history,” such that the attempt to make sense of Schmitt’s program remains incomplete without a serious treatment of his philosophy of history. This article is an attempt to address this problem by means of his exchange with Hans Blumenberg who, more than any other critic of Schmitt, was privy to the political intentions behind Schmitt’s metaphorical use of theology. While their discussion is extensive and wide-ranging, I focus here on their diverging philosophies of history, precisely that aspect that is most relevant to gaining a more expansive understanding of Schmitt’s arguments, and indeed the relationship between political thought and historical thought.
‘You Get Really Old, Really Quick’: Involuntary Long Hours in the Mining Industry
Authors: Peetz David , Murray Georgina
Published: March 2011

Is there a job-quality problem in mining? Is part of this problem that mining employees are working involuntary long hours? If so, how extensive is this problem? What is the impact, if any, of involuntary long hours in mining on family life? And how much control do mining employees have over their working-time arrangements? What are the possible policy responses? We address these questions through analysis of data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Australian Work and Life Index survey, a survey of employees in Queensland, and qualitative interviews with 135 people associated with the Queensland mining industry. We find evidence of substantial involuntary long hours in mining, closely related to 24-hour operations and 12-hour shifts, with adverse implications for the work—life balance, which is made worse where employees lack input into the design of rosters. The findings suggest that, in order to promote ‘good jobs’ in the mining industry, there is both a need to revisit protections for employees against being forced to work ‘unreasonable’ hours above the ostensible national standard of 38 hours per week and strong support even amongst mine-workers for a ceiling on hours worked per week.
Waiting for the Minimum: US State Wage Laws, Firm Strategy, and Chain-Restaurant Job Quality
Authors: Haley-Lock Anna , Ewert Stephanie
Published: March 2011

The US approach to employment regulation has created conditions in which ‘high road’ employee management practices can be costly for employers, while limited regulation gives firms ample freedom to pursue ‘low road’ strategies. Within this context, US firms face increasing domestic and global pressures to cut labor costs of all types, particularly businesses operating in the retail service industry with many low-skilled, hourly jobs. Yet as recent organization- and job-level studies document, not all such jobs are created equal. This article considers potentially different business strategies applied to the same job, that of restaurant waiter, within the distinct public policy contexts of two US states. The authors analyze practices related to waitstaff wages, benefits, and staffing and scheduling reported by managers at 16 sites of two national restaurant chains positioned in different lower-end segments of the full-service restaurant industry; and in suburban Seattle and Chicago, reflecting divergent state minimum-wage policy approaches. Findings reveal variation in employer practices across sites, often patterned by chain and state.
‘As Disposable as the Next Tissue Out of the Box . . .’: Casual Teaching and Job Quality in New South Wales Public School Education
Authors: Bamberry Larissa
Published: March 2011

This article builds on recent research into both casualization and job quality or ‘decent work’ by exploring the qualitative aspects of casual employment in the education industry. The article attempts to bridge two distinct positions in the literature on decent work between research that identifies objective components of decent work, and research that focuses on subjective perceptions of job quality. The article focuses on objective aspects of quality work but draws in subjective perceptions both as a path of additional evidence and as a way of capturing the crucial level of personal experience. The article draws on a recent study that explored the experiences of casual school teachers in the New South Wales public education system. It finds that casual employment can erode the job quality of otherwise decent work within professional occupations.
Flexibility and Work-Life Interference in Australia
Authors: Skinner Natalie , Pocock Barbara
Published: March 2011

This contribution examines the relationship between flexibility and work—life interference. It analyses requests for flexibility in Australia just prior to the enactment of a new ‘right to request’ such flexibility, utilizing a large employee survey that shows that around a fifth of employees requested flexibility, most requests were agreed, and work—life outcomes were much better amongst those whose requests were fully agreed. Women were twice as likely as men to have sought flexibility, with one in two mothers of preschoolers, one in three mothers of children under 16 and a quarter of women without children having made requests. Parenting made no difference to men’s rate of request-making. Findings suggest that the right may be particularly beneficial to the third of all workers who have not made requests for flexibility yet are not content with current arrangements. There is a case to extend the right beyond parents, and for stronger appeal rights.
The Effectiveness of Grievance Processes in New Zealand: A Fair Way to Go?
Authors: Walker Bernard , Hamilton R.T.
Published: March 2011

Grievances are a contentious facet of contemporary employment relations and yet the amount of in-depth research evidence is limited. This study uses a real-time approach, following a set of New Zealand grievance cases as they proceeded through mediation. The public debate has focused on allegations of opportunist employees exploiting the system. Our findings, however, identify a group of employees who were seeking to remain with their employer, but who lacked influence and lost their jobs. In these situations the law was unable to provide employment protection, while employers had the dominant influence on these outcomes. These findings contribute to the international debate regarding the justice offered through newer grievance resolution systems.
Employee Attraction and Retention in the Australian Resources Sector
Authors: Hutchings Kate , De Cieri Helen , Shea Tracey
Published: March 2011

This article presents findings from a survey conducted in the Australian resources sector in 2009 exploring human resource (HR) managers’ perceptions of how their organizational practices and external contextual changes in industrial relations legislation present challenges for the sector and influence attraction and retention of highly skilled employees. The research makes an important contribution to the literature on good employment/high involvement work practices by investigating organizational practices within the politico-legislative context of this economically significant sector. Our findings indicate that organizations have implemented a range of ‘good’ employment practices, while dealing with concerns about skills shortages, employee turnover, an aging workforce and changes in legislation. We identify a need for employers to give greater attention to diversity and work—life balance issues. Further, there is a need for strategies to increase the attractiveness of work in remote locations.
University Student Employment and Expectations of the Graduate Labour Market
Authors: Oliver Damian
Published: March 2011

Young Australians are increasingly combining study with work. Research and media reports frequently reveal that young Australian workers know little about their employment rights, placing them in a poor bargaining position and exposing them to the risk of exploitation. This study, using data from a survey of 1200 Australian university students, finds that students with experience in the labour market are more knowledgeable about their current employment arrangements and more confident about entering the graduate labour market once they finish their studies, reporting higher expectations of job security and being able to negotiate pay. Students also seem aware of segments in the graduate labour market, with confidence also varying by field of study.
Unexpected Nasal Changes in Rats Related to Reflux after Gavage Dosing
Authors: Damsch Siegrid , Eichenbaum Gary , Looszova Adriana , Lammens Lieve , Feyen Bianca , Bulck Kathleen Van den , Knight Elaine , Kelley Michael , Tonelli Alfred
Published: March 2011

In a three-week oral gavage toxicity study in rats, a high incidence of respiratory symptoms and high mortality was noted in compound-dosed rats only. Because of audible respiration, an effect in the upper respiratory tract was suspected and the nasal cavity was included for examination. Histology revealed extensive necrosis and purulent inflammation within the nasal passages, indicative of direct irritation. Since posterior nasal regions were most affected, with food material present within the inflammatory exudates, reflux and retrograde aspiration of irritant material (possibly stomach contents with test formulation) into the nasal cavity were suspected. Lowering the dose volume and fasting the rats prior to gavage dosing substantially reduced the respiratory effects and mortality. The current article focuses on the histological changes in the nasal cavity indicative of gavage-related reflux and provides guidance on differentiation between technical gavage error and gavage-related reflux.
Gavage-Related Reflux in Rats
Authors: Damsch Siegrid , Eichenbaum Gary , Tonelli Alfred , Lammens Lieve , Bulck Kathleen Van den , Feyen Bianca , Vandenberghe John , Megens Anton , Knight Elaine , Kelley Michael
Published: March 2011

After oral gavage dosing of rats, reflux may occur, resulting in serious respiratory effects and mortality. Published information on gavage-related reflux is limited, as it has not yet been a focus of research. Nevertheless, it represents a recurrent challenge in daily toxicology practice of oral gavage dosing. The absence of clear guidance and criteria for the identification and management of reflux-induced effects can limit the ability to properly interpret toxicity study results. The review presented herein includes an overview of experimental data from gavage studies in rats, in which reflux was observed, and provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on reflux in general and the different potential pathways contributing to gavage-related reflux in rats. The article aims to increase the awareness and understanding of the pathogenesis of gavage-related reflux and provides guidance on identification of potential risk factors, as well as interpretation of histological changes and their toxicological relevance. Furthermore, differentiation of reflux-induced effects from direct compound-related toxicity and from gavage errors is addressed in particular, and the importance of nasal histology is discussed.
A Novel and Integrated Approach for the Identification and Characterization of Drug-induced Cardiac Toxicity in the Dog
Authors: Casartelli Alessandro , Lanzoni Anna , Comelli Rodolfo , Crivellente Federica , Defazio Rossella , Dorigatti Roberto , Fasdelli Nicola , Faustinelli Ivo , Pagliarusco Sabrina , Tontodonati Marcello , Cristofori Patrizia
Published: March 2011

Cardiovascular toxicity represents one of the major reasons for the termination of the development of drugs, even in late development phases. This growing issue is often not restricted to specific therapeutic areas, and it is gaining critical importance, in particular for chronically administered drugs, highlighting the limitations in terms of sensitivity of the current investigational paradigms. Furthermore, drug-related changes may become evident after long-term administration for different reasons, including accumulation of the drug in the heart. This article describes how the integrated use of investigational tools represents a powerful approach for the early identification and characterization of cardiotoxicity in preclinical development. Cardiac changes were observed in the dog after long-term oral administration of casopitant, a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, developed for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Different approaches and sensitive biomarkers were used in a time-course study to investigate the onset, progression, and reversibility of the lesion. The integrated evaluation of cardiovascular parameters, electron microscopy, troponin I, and natriuretic peptide results highlighted any minimal early changes, allowing the full and deep characterization of the lesion. The outcome of this study was the driver for drug development decision making on casopitant and backup drugs.
Nanotoxicology—A Pathologist’s Perspective
Authors: Hubbs Ann F. , Mercer Robert R. , Benkovic Stanley A. , Harkema Jack , Sriram Krishnan , Schwegler-Berry Diane , Goravanahally Madhusudan P. , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. , Castranova Vincent , Sargent Linda M.
Published: March 2011

Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
Coping, Stress, and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Advanced Placement Statistics Teachers’ Intention to Leave the Field
Authors: McCarthy Christopher J. , Lambert Richard G. , Crowe Elizabeth W. , McCarthy Colleen J.
Published: March 2011

This study examined the relationship of teachers’ perceptions of coping resources and demands to job satisfaction factors. Participants were 158 Advanced Placement Statistics high school teachers who completed measures of personal resources for stress prevention, classroom demands and resources, job satisfaction, and intention to leave the field of teaching. Results indicated that teachers’ preventive coping resources and job satisfaction were positively related, whereas both constructs were negatively related to classroom stress and teachers’ plans to leave the profession.
The Influence of the Organic Substituents from the Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Cage on the Epoxy-POSS Hybrid Materials Properties
Authors: Constantin Floriana , Gârea Sorina Alexandra , Voicu Georgeta , Iovu Horia
Published: March 2011

This paper reports the synthesis of new reinforcing agents based on sodium montmorillonite modified with some polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. The modified montmorillonite was extensively characterized using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The obtained reinforcing agents were used for the synthesis of epoxy-based nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were studied using thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to conclude that the type of radicals on the POSS cage may influence the properties of the final nanocomposites.
Exhibition and awe: regimes of visibility in the presentation of an emperor
Authors: Feuchtwang Stephan
Published: March 2011

As a publicly funded institution, the British Museum has a mission to draw in a public that might not otherwise visit a museum. For this purpose, it puts on exhibitions such as the series on emperors, for which a special exhibition space was created under the dome of the Reading Room. The first exhibition (followed by exhibitions on Hadrian, Shah Abbas and Moctezuma) was a show of 20 terracotta figures from the complex of the Chinese First Emperor’s tomb, on display between September 2007 and April 2008. The result of years of planning and diplomatic negotiations, the exhibition proved to be a blockbuster success for the British Museum. This article is a revised version of the William Fagg Lecture delivered by the author in 2007. It addresses and compares the particular regimes of vision entailed in exhibition, rather than permanent museum display, and those that are assumed to have informed the creation of the First Emperor’s tomb in the 3rd century BCE — the interaction between what can and what cannot be seen, ways of making the invisible apparent and of imagining it.
When a book is not a book: objects as ‘players’ in identity and community formation
Authors: Craig Ailsa
Published: March 2011

This article analyzes how objects that are ‘vessels of meaning’ are involved in social interactions that create and maintain identity and community. Specifically, it examines the production and uses of chapbooks within poetry communities. Chapbooks are cheaply produced booklets of poetry that are distributed hand-to-hand rather than through institutionalized publication and distribution systems. The analysis draws from in-depth interviews with poets and ethnographic observation of literary events. By outlining the creation and deployment of chapbooks, a case is made for the centrality of material objects in constitutive social interactions. It is argued that material objects are both cultural products and cultural producers, not only because of their physical characteristics, but because of the ways in which they circulate.
The cult of saints in medieval Perth: everyday ritual and the materiality of belief
Authors: Hall Mark A
Published: March 2011

This article explores everyday ritual practice in medieval Perth, particularly with respect to the cult of saints (including saints’ dedications) and as evidenced by material culture. The author deliberately focuses on one site, the Perth High Street plot excavated in 1975—1977, and its rich crop of devotional and ritual objects in an attempt to understand ritual and religious practice in a particular time and place.
‘He painted the law’: William Westall, ‘stone monuments’ and remembrance of things past in the Sir Edward Pellew Islands
Authors: Bradley John J , Kearney Amanda
Published: March 2011

Early colonial expeditions were responsible for the documentation of the Australian landscape, fauna, flora and the indigenous owners of the land. Today, these documentations remain: locked in archives and hanging on the walls of museums. Visual representations reflect artistic traditions of the time and the curiosities of colonial administrations. In this article, the authors discuss a painting by the artist William Westall, who accompanied Matthew Flinders on his circumnavigation of Australia from 1802. Westall’s paintings depict objects of indigenous Australian material culture that hold significance for the Yanyuwa, indigenous owners of land and sea throughout the Sir Edward Pellew Islands, Australia. These objects are of the highest value to the Yanyuwa and are linked to ceremonial practices no longer performed. By direct reference to Westall’s painting and Yanyuwa ethnography, the authors examine how people conceive of this material culture as something powerful as well as the nature of re-engagements that result from triggers to memory.
Accountability in higher education: A comprehensive analytical framework
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: March 2011

Concomitant with the rise of rationalizing accountability in higher education has been an increase in theoretical reflection about the forms accountability has taken and the ones it should take. The literature is now peppered by a wide array of distinctions (e.g. internal/external, inward/ outward, vertical/horizontal, upward/downward, professional/public, political/economic, soft/ hard, positive/negative), to the point that when people speak of ‘accountability’ they risk speaking past one another, having some of these distinctions in mind and not others. Furthermore, often these distinctions are vague and cross-cut each other in ways that are as yet unclear. The field could benefit from having a comprehensive framework in which to place these distinctions and to view their relations. My aim in this article is to provide an analytical tool by which to classify important debate about what accountability in higher education has been and ought to be. Beyond organizing such debate, this schema will serve the purposes of revealing ambiguities in terms, conflations of ideas, assumptions that warrant questioning, and gaps in present research agendas.
Magnet schools, innate talent and social justice
Authors: Vopat Mark C.
Published: March 2011

Beginning in the 1970s, many school US school districts reallocated their already scarce resources from local schools to specially created magnet schools. Many of these magnet schools have some sort of entrance exam, portfolio, or audition requirement that students must pass in order to gain admission. These selective magnet schools are predicated on the idea that there are certain students who have natural talents and abilities that justify their inclusion in these programs. Such programs are seen as simple meritocracies that look beyond race, gender, ethnicity or socio-economic to encourage the innate talent of certain individuals. It is the assumption that such innate talents exist that I take issue with in this article. The assumption that selective magnet schools are simply rewarding talent ignores the overwhelming amount of research that shows that talent is not innate, but is a combination of opportunity, encouragement, and deliberate practice. Based on this research, I argue that selective and competitive magnet schools are fundamentally unfair to students generally and constitute an unjust use of public resources.