bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Successful Discharge to the Community Following Use of Medicare Home Health by Level of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage
Authors: Jung Daniel , Rajbhandari-Thapa Janani , Chen Zhuo
Published: April 2023

Considering the importance of social and structural support and resources in recovering health, where people reside could lead to differences in health outcome in Medicare home health care. We used the 2019 Outcome and Assessment Information Set and Area Deprivation Index to examine the association between neighborhood context and successful discharge to community among older Medicare home health care users. Based on the multivariable logistic regression (OR: 0.84; 95% CI, 0.83–0.85) and conditional logistic regression models stratified by home health agency (OR: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94–0.95), patients living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to experience successful discharge to community than others. Furthermore, the predicted probability of successful discharge to community decreased as the percentage of patients from the most disadvantaged neighborhoods within a home health agency increased. Policymakers should consider using area-level interventions and supports to reduce disparities in Medicare home health care.
A Subset of Circadian Neurons Expressing dTRPA1 Enables Appropriate Phasing of Activity Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster Under Warm Temperatures
Authors: Iyengar Aishwariya Srikala , Rao Sushma , Sheeba Vasu
Published: April 2023

Under conditions of prolonged durations of warmth, flies counter potential temperature stress by shifting their locomotor activity from day into night when the conditions are likely to be less harsh. Modulation of a rhythmic behavior such as this in response to the environment would require interaction between at least 2 neuronal systems: (1) a sensory system to receive input from the environment, and (2) the internal clock to correctly time rhythmic activity in response to this thermosensory input. Our previous studies found that a thermosensory mutant of the ion channel Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential-A1 ( dTRPA1) failed to shift activity into the dark like control flies do and also identified the role of a specific cluster of the dTRPA1-expressing neurons, the dTRPA1sh+neurons necessary for this. In this study, we extended our previous findings and characterized the identity of these dTRPA1sh+ neurons based on their overlap with circadian neurons. Utilizing various genetic manipulations, we asked whether the overlapping neurons could be potential points of intersection between the 2 circuits that modulate behavior under warm temperature, meaning whether they function as both—sensory and clock neurons. We found that the molecular clock within the dTRPA1sh+ cluster was not necessary, but the expression of dTRPA1 in a subset of circadian neurons, the small ventrolateral neurons (sLNvs), was necessary in modulating phasing of behavior under warm temperature. Furthermore, attempting to identify the neuronal circuit, we were able to uncover the potential roles of serotonin and acetylcholine in modulating this temperature-dependent behavior. Finally, we also discuss possible parallel neuronal pathways that may exist to give rise to this modulation of behavior under warm temperature, thereby supporting and expanding the knowledge of the field about circuits that control temperature-mediated behavioral outcomes.
A Multi-Topic Bystander Intervention Program for Upper-Level Undergraduate Students: Outcomes in Sexual Violence, Racism, and High-Risk Alcohol Situations
Authors: Hennessy Garza Rose , Cho Young , Hlavka Heather , Weinhardt Lance , Yasin Tajammal , Smith Sara , Adler Katharine , Otto Kacie , Florsheim Paul
Published: April 2023

Few bystander intervention trainings programs have evaluated behavioral outcomes in previously trained upper-level undergraduate students. Rigorous study designs are necessary to understand how multi-topic programs influence student outcomes to intervene against sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations. A single-session bystander training for emphasizing communication strategies was developed for juniors and seniors on a private, Midwestern college campus. The training addressed sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations and was evaluated using a randomized waitlist-control design in student-housing units. Online Qualtrics surveys were completed by 101 student participants (57 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group). Students responded to nine harm scenarios involving sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations at baseline and 7 weeks follow-up. Between-group changes in scores were compared to determine the effect of the program on students’ (a) readiness to intervene; (b) confidence to intervene; (c) bystander behaviors among students who witnessed actual or potentially harmful events; and (d) bystander reports of their experiences. Qualitative analysis assessed how the program influenced the use of positive verbal communication strategies. Program effects increased positive bystander experiences when helping someone who had too much to drink and needed assistance. Over time both groups reported increased confidence levels to intervene when someone intoxicated was being isolated with sexual intent. There were no further significant findings in readiness, confidence, behaviors, or other experiences, though some positive nonsignificant trends emerged. The program demonstrated little efficacy. Results suggest opportunities to improve bystander outcomes in low-risk primary prevention situations and racist scenarios, suggesting that targeted intervention of these outcomes may be useful when developing programming with previously-trained students. As universities expand prevention work beyond the first year, lessons learned may help inform multi-year programming across health topics to prevent harm and create healthier college campuses.
Perceptions, Help-Seeking, and High-Risk Domestic Violence in Black Communities
Authors: Bent-Goodley Tricia , Zonicle Aaliah , Romero-Chandler Sakima
Published: April 2023

One in four women report experiencing intimate partner violence. Yet, nearly 45% of Black women report experiencing this same crime. In addition, while Black women compose 14% of the U.S. population, they represent 31% of domestic violence fatalities and are three times more likely than White women to be killed by an intimate partner. This points to the continued need to better understand how the Black community perceives domestic violence and how their perception influences their help-seeking strategies. This paper reports on a project examining how Black communities perceive domestic violence, high-risk domestic violence, and how these perceptions impact their help-seeking strategies. The study was conducted between April 2020 and October 2020 with 128 participants that participated in focus groups in six geographically diverse U.S. cities including rural, urban, and suburban communities. The findings reaffirmed and presented new information about the perceptions of domestic violence, the impact of inadequate and negative systems’ responses, the lack of cultural responsiveness and poor police interactions, and the calculated decision-making that survivors in the Black community use to determine who to tell, how to tell, and where to go in use of adapted help-seeking strategies. Implications are provided as to how to address these issues.
Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence and Survivor’s Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Subreddits Related to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Kim Sangmi , Warren Elise , Jahangir Tasfia , Al-Garadi Mohammed , Guo Yuting , Yang Yuan-Chi , Lakamana Sahithi , Sarker Abeed
Published: April 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Collecting actionable IPV-related data from conventional sources (e.g., medical records) was challenging during the pandemic, generating a need to obtain relevant data from non-conventional sources, such as social media. Social media, like Reddit, is a preferred medium of communication for IPV survivors to share their experiences and seek support with protected anonymity. Nevertheless, the scope of available IPV-related data on social media is rarely documented. Thus, we examined the availability of IPV-related information on Reddit and the characteristics of the reported IPV during the pandemic. Using natural language processing, we collected publicly available Reddit data from four IPV-related subreddits between January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Of 4,000 collected posts, we randomly sampled 300 posts for analysis. Three individuals on the research team independently coded the data and resolved the coding discrepancies through discussions. We adopted quantitative content analysis and calculated the frequency of the identified codes. 36% of the posts ( n = 108) constituted self-reported IPV by survivors, of which 40% regarded current/ongoing IPV, and 14% contained help-seeking messages. A majority of the survivors’ posts reflected psychological aggression, followed by physical violence. Notably, 61.4% of the psychological aggression involved expressive aggression, followed by gaslighting (54.3%) and coercive control (44.3%). Survivors’ top three needs during the pandemic were hearing similar experiences, legal advice, and validating their feelings/reactions/thoughts/actions. Albeit limited, data from bystanders (survivors’ friends, family, or neighbors) were also available. Rich data reflecting IPV survivors’ lived experiences were available on Reddit. Such information will be useful for IPV surveillance, prevention, and intervention.
Transition From School Violence Victimization to Reporting Victimized Experiences: A Latent Transition Analysis
Authors: No Unkyung , Kwon Minkyung , You Sukkyung
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to understand the heterogeneity of school violence experiences among South Korean youth, explicitly examining how each type of violence experienced transitions into different reporting behaviors. A latent profile analysis was conducted to classify different types of violence victimization and reporting behaviors, followed by a latent transition analysis, which contributed to an understanding of the relationships between profiles of violence and reporting. The influence of social support on reporting victimization was further examined. The results are as follows. First, school violence victimization experience was divided into five profiles: cyber violence-oriented (7.0%), ostracization-oriented (8.9%), verbal violence-oriented (41.8%), high-level of multiple-violence (2.8%), and medium-level of multiple-violence (39.5%). Second, reporting behavior was divided into four profiles: reporting to family and teachers (14.7%), reporting to family, teachers, and friends (11.0%), actively reporting (1.5%), and passively coping (72.8%). Third, students showed the highest probability of passively reporting, while the probability of actively reporting was low for all victimization profiles. Fourth, support from family and friends positively correlated with reporting violence, while support from teachers did not. The findings confirm that reporting violence may vary depending on the type of school violence victimization, implying that different types of violence need to be mitigated in distinct ways. Additionally, the study’s result regarding the influence of social support suggests that school counselors and practitioners need to develop ways to facilitate violence reporting in schools.
Intention of Staff and Students to Use Internal Whistleblowing to Report Sexual Violence: A Case Study of a Nigerian University
Authors: Ogunfowokan Adesola Adenike , Ayotunde Titilayo , Samson-Akpan Patience Edoho , Salau Omowumi Romoke , Garba Saleh Ngaski , Olatubi Mathew Idowu , Adeleke Ayobami Gideon , Orisadare Monica Adele
Published: April 2023

Sexual violence with its enormous negative consequences has become an epidemic most especially among the young populations. An effective danger-proof reporting system is necessary for curbing this menace including use of the internal whistleblowing mechanism. The study employed a concurrent (parallel) mixed method descriptive design for explaining the sexual violence experiences of university students, the intention of staff and students to blow the whistle, and their preferred whistleblowing strategies. A total of 167 students and 42 members of staff (69% males and 31% females, respectively) were randomly selected from four academic departments (50%) of a university of technology in Southwest Nigeria. An adapted questionnaire containing three vignettes on sexual violence and a focus group discussion guide were used for data collection. We discovered that 16.1% of the students reported to have experienced sexual harassment, 12.3% had attempted rape, and 2.6% had experienced rape. Tribe ( Likelihood-Ratio, LR = 11.16; p = .004) and sex (χ2 = 12.65; p = .001) were strongly associated with sexual violence experiences. Also, 50% staff and 47% students had high intention. Regression analysis showed that industrial and production engineering students will be 2.8 times more likely to have intention to internally blow the whistle more than other students ( p = .03; 95% CI [1.1, 6.97]). Female staff had 5.73 odds of intention more than male staff ( p = .05; [1.02, 32.1]). Also, we observed that senior staff will 31% less likely blow the whistle than the junior staff (Adjusted Odd Ratio, AOR = 0.04; [0.00, 0.98]; p = .05). In our qualitative findings, courage was mentioned as a factor necessary for blowing the whistle while anonymous reporting was emphasized for successful whistleblowing. However, the students preferred external whistleblowing. The study has implication for the establishment of sexual violence internal whistleblowing reporting system in higher education institutions.
State-of-the-art of polyimide films reinforced with fullerene-design, features and applications
Authors: Kausar Ayesha
Published: April 2023

Polyimide belongs to the class of high performance polymers containing imide functionalities in the backbone. Polyimide has wide ranging properties of optical transparency, heat stability, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, dielectric properties, etc. Fullerene is a zero dimensional hollow symmetrical nanocarbon, frequently employed as nanofiller in the polymers. Fullerene has been reinforced in the polyimide films to further augment the exclusive features and performance. This state-of-the-art review basically emphases the fundamentals, structure, properties, and applications of polyimide films, especially the films reinforced with fullerene nanofiller. The polyimide/fullerene nanocomposite films have been prepared using facile routes such as solution casting, spin casting, in situ method, and other film forming methods. Fullerene nanofiller has been filled in numerous designed polyimides. Number of experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on the high performance polymer/fullerene nanocomposite films. The structural diversity of the polymer/fullerene nanocomposite films and inimitable characteristics have led to significant applications in the optoelectronic devices, photodetectors, and sensors.
Storage time and temperature of filter paper strips affect anti–West Nile virus antibody detection in 2 galliform species
Authors: Kunkel Melanie R. , Berghaus Roy D. , Martin James A. , Mead Daniel G. , Ruder Mark G. , Nemeth Nicole M.
Published: April 2023

The effects of filter paper strip (FPS) storage time and temperature on antibody detection are poorly understood despite widespread use in wildlife research. We collected sera and FPSs from 23 wild turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo) and 20 northern bobwhites ( Colinus virginianus) experimentally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) to compare FPS storage methods with WNV plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) sensitivity. FPS storage methods included: immediate elution after drying, and storage at −20°C for 3 mo, −20°C for 6 mo, room temperature (RT) for 3 mo, and RT for 6 mo prior to elution. FPS eluates and sera were co-titrated to determine endpoint antibody titers, which were compared between FPS sera eluted immediately and sera, and among FPS eluates that underwent different storage conditions. Antibody titers were ~4-fold less in FPS sera eluted immediately versus sera, and dropped more frequently below PRNT detection threshold in northern bobwhites, which had ~10-fold lower serum antibody titers than wild turkeys. Antibody titers were lower in FPS samples stored at RT and for 6 mo. WNV serologic surveys may result in falsely low seroprevalence estimates if FPSs are stored at RT for ≥ 3 mo before elution.
Microaggressions: Experiences of Diverse Graduate Nursing Students in Online Education
Authors: Zajac Lynne K. , Benton-Lee Jitana
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Racial microaggressions are offensive and intimidating actions toward people of color and occur everywhere, including academia. Select studies report 40% to 98% of students of color report experiences with microaggressions on campuses. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of microaggressions for diverse graduate nursing students in the online educational environment and to identify faculty strategies to create an inclusive learning milieu.

Method:

This descriptive qualitative study employed 12 diverse graduate nursing students who participated in individual interviews about racial microaggressions. Two researchers used thematic analysis to evaluate the qualitative data.

Results:

Five relevant themes were (a) online classroom is a barrier for microaggressions, (b) requirement of profile pictures is a risk factor for microaggressions, (c) experiences of past microaggressions carries over to the present, (d) diverse online students are resourceful, and (e) the reality of microaggressions online.

Discussion:

Participants’ suggestions, literature evidence, and research findings informed decision/action modes to assist the nurse educator with culturally competent methods to improve online learning spaces and decrease microaggressions for diverse students.
Does Perioperative Use of Bisphosphonate Affect the Implant Revision Rate of Total Ankle Arthroplasty?
Authors: Lee Dong-Oh , Jeon Ye Jin , Park Gil Young , Lee Dong Yeon
Published: April 2023

Background:

It is unknown whether perioperative bisphosphonate (BP) use reduces revision rates in total ankle replacement arthroplasty (TAR) although its effect has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing revision rates in total knee or hip replacement arthroplasty.

Methods:

We reviewed National Health Insurance Service data based on national health insurance service claims data and health care utilization, health screening, sociodemographic variables, medication history, operation codes, and mortality data for 50 million Koreans. From 2002 to 2014, 6391 of 7300 patients who underwent TAR were BP nonusers, whereas 909 patients were BP users. The revision rate according to BP medication and comorbidities was investigated. The Kaplan-Meier estimate and extended Cox proportional hazard model were also used.

Results:

The revision rate of TAR was 7.9% for BP users and 9.5% for BP nonusers, which showed no significant difference ( P = .251). Implant survival over time decreased constantly. Adjusted hazard ratio for hypertension was 1.242 ( P = .017), whereas other comorbidities such as diabetes had no effect on the revision rate of TAR.

Conclusion:

We found that the perioperative BP use did not reduce the revision rate of TAR. Comorbidities (except hypertension) did not affect the revision rate of TAR. More research regarding various factors affecting the revision of TAR could be warranted.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Trauma-Disclosure, Meaning-Making, and Help-Seeking in Mothers Experiencing Homelessness: Results From a Trauma-Focused, Clinical Ethnographic Narrative Intervention
Authors: Gultekin Laura , Gilchrist Christine , Walker Andrea , Hinebaugh Analise , Brush Barbara L.
Published: April 2023

Mothers experiencing homelessness are seldom asked about past trauma that may be causal to housing instability and poor health. There are also few validated trauma-focused interventions in family shelters. To address this gap, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of the trauma-focused clinical ethnographic narrative intervention (CENI-TF) in increasing mothers’ trauma disclosure, appraisal of its meaning in their lives, and help-seeking behaviors. We also present the qualitative findings to contextualize the intervention. Findings are organized under three major domains and nine subthemes that capture participants’ voices and experiences. The CENI-TF has the potential to promote help-seeking behaviors and interrupt recurring cycles of trauma and housing instability in this at-risk population.
Examining the Impact of the Fear of Missing Out on Museum Visit Intentions
Authors: Uslu Abdullah , Tosun Petek
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the influence of the desire for continuous learning, fear of missing out (FOMO), involvement, and enjoyment from the virtual travel experience (VTE), on museum visit intentions. The direct impacts of FOMO, consumer attitudes, and subjective norms on visit intentions were examined within a conceptual research model that combines the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and self-determination theory (SDT). Survey data obtained from 385 potential tourists were analyzed by PLS-SEM. Findings revealed that the desire for continuous learning positively influences FOMO, and involvement positively affects attitudes toward museum visits, which, in turn, increases visit intentions. Enjoyment from the VTE moderates the attitude–visit intentions relationship. This study has extended previous findings by proposing and empirically testing an original framework for examining behavioral intentions. It has shown the significant impact of the desire for continuous learning on FOMO, which operates as a self-regulatory feeling and increases museum visit intentions.
“A Lot of It Really Does Come Down to Values”: An Empirical Study of the Values Advanced by Seasoned Evaluators
Authors: Teasdale Rebecca M. , McNeilly Jennifer R. , Ramírez Garzón Maria Isabel , Novak Judit , Greene Jennifer C.
Published: April 2023

This study challenges persistent misrepresentations of evaluation as a value-neutral inquiry process by presenting an empirical study that deepens understanding of evaluators’ values and how they “show up” in evaluation practice. Through semistructured interviews and inductive analysis, we examined the values advanced by a sample of eight experienced evaluators. We surfaced and examined 12 values, which we organized into five clusters, that shaped the constitutive elements of the studies these evaluators conducted and guided how the evaluators positioned their work. Our findings provide empirical evidence about the role of values in evaluation practice and can support evaluators in reflecting on their own values and enacting their professional and ethical responsibilities to identify and articulate their values in the context of evaluation practice.
Nano-Enhanced Microbial Remediation of PAHs Contaminated Soil
Authors: Rajput Vishnu D. , Kumari Smita , Minkina Tatiana , Sushkova Svetlana , Mandzhieva Saglara
Published: April 2023

The emergence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources, such as coal gasification and liquefaction plants, coke and aluminum production, catalytic cracking towers, and motor vehicle exhaust, among others, results in significant soil pollution, and a threat to human health, igniting a surge of interest in advanced research. Even though the cleanup of PAHs-contaminated areas received a great consideration. In the last decade, nanotechnology has exploded in popularity as a result of several unique properties of nanomaterials, and remediation is no exception. Thus, nano-enhanced bioremediation reported to act as a viable and effective strategy for PAHs remediation. Further, the integration of nano-enabled materials with microorganisms emerged as a promising biodegradation approach for PAHs remediation. As a result, the focus of this mini review is on depicting the possible roles of various nanomaterials in decontaminating PAHs as a green strategy by boosting the efficacy of microbial functionality, and mechanism of nanoparticles-microbes interaction in PAHs degradation. The future perspective of nano-enhanced microbial remediation of PAHs in realistic environments are also discussed.
Comparative study of sintered and composite brake pad for wind turbine applications
Authors: Sai Balaji M.A. , Katiyar Jitendra Kumar , Eakambaram A. , Baskara Sethupathi P. , Kamalakannan J. , Baskar A.
Published: April 2023

The sintered brake pads have been the most commonly utilized brake pads in wind turbines, as it stalls the rotor after shutdown or in case of emergencies. It is a mixture of metallic particles that are pressed together. But it has been noticed that the friction at interface generates the spark in adverse conditions, which cause a fire in nacelle. Due to this a compact unit for fire suppression is used, which adds the additional cost in brake system. Therefore, it is necessary to address the spark issues coming from brake pads under adverse conditions through developing a brake pad using alternate route. Hence, a composite brake button was developed through a compression moulding route, that is, cost economic route. Despite the different compositions and manufacturing routes of materials, a similar frictional behaviour is observed after testing using friction test rig. Further, it is observed a marginally higher friction values for sintered pads. Moreover, the physical and mechanical properties like density, hardness, porosity, shear strength, compression strength, etc., are also found to be similar. In fact, the density of a composite pad is observed 34.7% lesser than sintered pad. Both the developed brake pads have a mean dynamic friction coefficient (∼0.4–0.5) with a mean static friction coefficient of approximately 0.45. In spite of more hardness, the wear resistance is found poorer in sintered pads as compared with composite pads. Hence, it can be concluded that the developed composite pad shows better tribomechanical performance and suitable for application without spark issues.
Police unions and police fatalities in the United States, 1990−2018
Authors: Wells Dominic D , Robinson Bryan K
Published: April 2023

As of 2018, thirty-one states granted collective bargaining rights to police officers that require local government management to recognize and collectively bargain in good faith with police unions. Although scholars have identified factors related to police fatalities, the influence of police unions has gone understudied. Research in other occupational areas shows that union strength is associated with fewer workplace injuries and fatalities. This research analyzes the influence of union strength and collective bargaining rights on police fatalities. Using state-level data from 1990 to 2018, a rare-event analysis of police fatalities indicates that states with strong public employee unions experience fewer accidental line-of-duty deaths of police officers. Further, this analysis shows that states which grant collective bargaining rights to police officers have fewer felonious line-of-duty deaths of police officers compared with those that do not grant police collective bargaining rights. This article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications and the role of collective bargaining in police safety.
A study of flame dynamics and structure in premixed turbulent planar NH3/H2/air flames
Authors: Tamadonfar Parsa , Karimkashi Shervin , Kaario Ossi , Vuorinen Ville
Published: April 2023

Ammonia (NH3) has received considerable attention as a near future carbon-free synthetic fuel due to its economic storage/transportation/distribution, and its potential to be thermally decomposed to hydrogen (H2). To promote the low burning velocity and heat of combustion of ammonia, one viable option is to enrich pure ammonia with hydrogen. In this study, two quasi direct numerical simulations (quasi-DNS) with detailed chemistry and the mixture-averaged transport model are examined to study stoichiometric planar ammonia/hydrogen/air flames under decaying turbulence. The reactants temperature and pressure are set to 298 K and 1 atm, respectively. The initial turbulent Karlovitz number is changed from 4.3 to 16.9, implying that all the test conditions are located within the thin reaction zones combustion regime. The results indicate that the density-weighted flame displacement speed ([Formula: see text]), on average, is higher than the unstrained premixed laminar burning velocity ([Formula: see text]) value for both test cases. This suggests that the flame elements propagate faster than their laminar flame counterpart. With increasing the Karlovitz number, the turbulent burning velocity and the wrinkled flame surface area increase by about 35%. Furthermore, the mean flame stretch factor defined as the ratio of the turbulent to the laminar burning velocity divided by the ratio of the wrinkled to the unwrinkled flame surface area is equal to 1.08. This indicates that the local flamelet velocity value, on average, is higher than the unstrained premixed laminar burning velocity. In addition, the results show that the mean value of the local equivalence ratio for the turbulent conditions is higher than its laminar counterpart due to the preferential diffusion of hydrogen and turbulent mixing. Furthermore, the net production rate of hydrogen is shown to be negatively correlated with the flame front curvature suggesting that the local burning rate is intensified in positively curved regions.
What we may expect from work
Authors: Schmidt Christian
Published: April 2023

In his critique of contemporary working conditions, Axel Honneth rejects Marx’s concept of alienation for three main reasons: (1) The concept is allegedly tied to industrial labor as the standard model of work. (2) The ideal of unalienated labor seems to be too demanding in its aspiration to the full development of all human potential. (3) The level of analysis is so fundamental that the critique loses the “ends in view,” that is, the feasible almerioation of actual working conditions. I argue that these three challenges can be met by a more charitable reading of Marx. Moreover, alienation helps us to identify structural reasons for the failure of approaches to improve working conditions in recent decades and provides analytical tools for the current crises of democracy.
Initial Outcomes of Physician-Modified Inner Branched Endovascular Repair in High-Surgical-Risk Patients
Authors: Shibata Tsuyoshi , Iba Yutaka , Nakajima Tomohiro , Nakazawa Junji , Ohkawa Akihito , Hosaka Itaru , Arihara Ayaka , Tsushima Shingo , Ogura Keishi , Yoshikawa Kenta , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

To report the initial outcomes of physician-modified inner branched endovascular repair (PMiBEVAR) for pararenal aneurysms (PRAs), thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs), and aortic arch aneurysms in high-surgical-risk patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 10 patients (6 men; median age, 83.0 years) treated using PMiBEVAR were enrolled in this retrospective, single-center study. All patients were at high surgical risk because of severe comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score≥3 or emergency repair). End points were defined as technical success per patient and per vessel (successful deployment), clinical success (no endoleaks postoperatively), in-hospital death, and major adverse events.

Results:

There were 3 PRAs, 4 TAAAs, and 3 aortic arch aneurysms with 12 renal-mesenteric arteries and 3 left subclavian arteries incorporated by inner branches. The technical success rate was 90.0% (9/10) per patient and 93.3% (14/15) per vessel. The clinical success rate was 90% (9/10). There were 2 in-hospital deaths, unrelated to aneurysms. Paraplegia and shower emboli occurred separately in 2 patients. Three patients experienced prolonged ventilation for 3 days after surgery. Aneurysm sac shrinkage occurred in 4 patients, and aneurysm size stabilized in 1 patient during follow-up, more than 6 months later. None of the patients required intervention.

Conclusion:

PMiBEVAR is a feasible approach for treating complex aneurysms in high-surgical-risk patients. This technology may complement the existing technology in terms of improved anatomical adaptability, no time delay and practicability in many countries. However, long-term durability remains undetermined. Further large-scale and long-term studies are needed.

Clinical impact

This is the first clinical study to investigate outcomes of physician-modified inner branched endovascular repair (PMiBEVAR). PMiBEVAR for treating pararenal aneurysm, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm, or aortic arch aneurysm is a feasible procedure. This technology is likely to complement existing technology in terms of improved anatomical adaptability (compared to off-the-shelf devices), no time delay (compared to custom-made devices), and the potential to be performed in many countries. On the other hand, surgery time varied greatly depending on the case, suggesting a learning curve and the need for technological innovation to perform more consistent surgeries.
The Ideal Review Process Is a Three-Way Street
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Jonsson Patrik , Chapman Karen , Ellinger Alexander E.
Published: April 2023

In response to the increasing difficulty of obtaining high quality peer reviews, our invited paper describes the concept of review avoidance and why this phenomenon occurs. In reaffirming the professional responsibilities and potential benefits of reviewing, we also emphasize the interdependent nature of the ideal peer review process. We suggest that the review process is a three-way street where the respective roles and responsibilities of authors, editors and editorial teams, and reviewers are inextricably linked. We present thematic illustrations of undesirable reviewer comments, and a brief synthesis of broad themes in the literature on high-quality reviewing. The synthesis is complemented by a master reviewer’s fine-grained perspective on crafting high quality reviews. A final Appendix presents additional sources that may be informative for prospective reviewers, submitting authors, and those mentors and colleagues who may wish to provide guidance and training to them.
Making Up Missed Anti-Seizure Medication Doses: Double or Nothing?
Authors: Terman Samuel W.
Published: April 2023

[Box: see text]
Adjunctive Use of Cannabidiol: A Joint Action to Patch Up Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Karakis Ioannis
Published: April 2023

[Box: see text]
The key mediators involved in myocardial endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Qing Jiayue , Zhou Hongmei , Hu Li , Zhu Zhipeng
Published: April 2023

Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs throughout the pathological process of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (MIRI); however, the key mediators involved in the biological processes of ERS or that can influence the outcomes of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) are unclear. To identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding promising mediators in rat hearts in the context of MIRI, gene profiles were mined through transcriptome analysis. Methods: By searching the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, a suitable GEO dataset was identified in the context of MIRI with 24 h reperfusion after 45 min ischaemia in rats. DEGs were extracted and analysed with R studio, and the properties of those DEGs were elucidated by utilizing protein‒protein-interaction (PPI), Cytoscape, GO and KEGG bioinformatics techniques. The potential hub genes in the first cluster of the DEG dataset were retrieved and verified by basal experiments. Results: By searching the target dataset GSE122020, 1647 mRNAs, including 790 upregulated and 857 downregulated genes, were found in the datasets with criteria of | fold change ≥ 1.2 and p value <0.05. The upregulated and downregulated genes were primarily involved in the “positive regulation of cytokine production”, “regulation of inflammatory response” and “response to pheromone” biological processes. Most of them were mainly correlated with the MAPK, Ras and calcium signalling pathways. In particular, 15 DEGs were found to be involved in the ERS signalling pathways, including Bfar, Itpr1, Srpx, Hspa1b, Usp25, Jun, Casp12, Eif2ak2, Casp4, Trim25, Ifng, Atf3, Hspa1a, Ppp1r15a, and Creb3. Through analysis with the MCODE plugin in Cytoscape, six genes, Atf3, Ppp1r15a, Casp12, Eif2ak2, Ifng, and Hspa1a, were identified as hub genes by the K-means algorithm from Cluster 1. In the in vivo MIRI model, the six genes mentioned above exhibited significant mRNA overexpression in the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD) model in rats. Conclusions: Altogether, the present study identified six potential DEGs involved in ERS induced by MIRI, which could be therapeutic targets in dealing with IRI-related ERS.
Lessons learned from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil on primary-care workplace learning groups
Authors: Carvalho Enderson Rodrigues de , Sandars John , Cecilio-Fernandes Dario
Published: April 2023

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil had a major impact on face-to-face permanent education for health (PEH) workplace learning groups in primary care.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to explore how PEH groups in primary care changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A qualitative exploratory evaluation study was conducted with six key participants, who answered semi-structured questions in on-line interviews.

Results:

The PEH groups rapidly and successfully implemented an online approach using social media. The role of the coordinator changed from being a facilitator to an information broker for navigating the large volume of conflicting information and misinformation.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the importance of being an agile organisation, with a ‘bottom-up’ approach to innovation, and the key role of having an information broker in rapidly changing and complex environments. An appreciation of the importance of the socio-technical system for technology implementation in an organisation was also highlighted, with the use of technologies that are familiar to members of the organisation.
Nurses’ experiences of the social stigma caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Nabavian Majedeh , Rahmani Narges , Seyed Nematollah Roshan FatemehSadat , Firouzbakht Mojgan
Published: April 2023

Background:

One of the psychological issues that health personnel face when treating COVID-19 patients is the societal stigma. This issue has not been addressed due to the disease’s devastating impact on numerous sectors of society. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ experiences of social stigma caused by the COVID-19 pandemic with a qualitative approach.

Methods:

Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to conduct this qualitative research. COVID ward nurses who had been subjected to social stigma were chosen as the study sample. Data were collected through semi-structured and individual interviews and were concurrently analysed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results:

There are three categories and six sub-categories of social stigma experienced by nurses: (1) paradoxical emotions (psychological stress and positive attitude), (2) abandonment (all-round rejection and isolation) and (3) coping strategies (self-awareness over time and the influential role of the media).

Conclusions:

The findings of this study can help healthcare managers to improve the quality of care by enhancing understanding of the psychological needs arising from social stigma. Based on these findings, designing psychosocial interventions related to stigma can promote the mental health of this group and their families.
Put you in the problem: Effects of self-pronouns on mathematical problem-solving
Authors: Cunningham Sheila J , Ahmed Zahra , March Joshua , Golden Karen , Wilks Charlotte , Ross Josephine , McLean Janet F
Published: April 2023

Self-cues such as personal pronouns are known to elicit processing biases, such as attention capture and prioritisation in working memory. This may impact the performance of tasks that have a high attentional load like mathematical problem-solving. Here, we compared the speed and accuracy with which children solved numerical problems that included either the self-cue “you,” or a different character name. First, we piloted a self-referencing manipulation with N = 52, 7 to 11 year-olds, testing performance on addition and subtraction problems that had either a single referent (“You”/“Sam”) or more than one referent. We took into account operation and positioning of the pronoun and also measured performance on attention and working memory tasks. We found a robust accuracy advantage for problems that included “you,” regardless of how many characters were included. The accuracy advantage for problems with a self-pronoun was not statistically associated with individual differences in attention or working memory. In our main study (9 to 11 year-olds, N = 144), we manipulated problem difficulty by creating consistently and inconsistently worded addition and subtraction problems. We found significantly higher speed and accuracy for problems that included “you.” However, this effect varied by task difficulty, with the self-pronoun effect being strongest in the most difficult inconsistently worded, subtraction problems. The advantage of problems with a self-pronoun was not associated with individual differences in working memory. These findings suggest that self-cues like the pronoun “you” can be usefully applied in numerical processing tasks, an effect that may be attributable to the effects of self-cues on attention.
Transcoding of French numbers for first- and second-language learners in third grade
Authors: Lafay Anne , Adrien Emmanuelle , Lonardo Burr Sabrina Di , Douglas Heather , Provost-Larocque Kim , Xu Chang , LeFevre Jo-Anne , Maloney Erin A , Osana Helena P , Skwarchuk Sheri-Lynn , Wylie Judith
Published: April 2023

Transcoding is the process of translating between spoken and written numbers, and it is correlated with other mathematical skills. In the present study, we investigated the link between French number writing of 49 students in the third grade (aged 7–9 years) and their language skills. Transcoding in French is of particular interest because the spoken number language system does not completely correspond to that of the written digits (e.g., quatre-vingt-dix [four-twenty-ten] and 90). We hypothesised that the complex linguistic structure of spoken numbers in French would be challenging for students who are learning to transcode. First and second French-language learners’ accuracy and errors were recorded during a writing task of 3- to 7-digit numbers. Children also completed linguistic tests (e.g., receptive vocabulary, receptive syntax). Results showed that first- and second-language learners did not differ in their transcoding accuracy. Number size, decade complexity of stimulus number words in French (i.e., numbers containing a complex decade, operationalized as a number between soixante-dix, 70, and quatre-vingt-dix-neuf, 99), and receptive vocabulary predicted children’s French transcoding skills. Students were more likely to produce errors (e.g., 68 or 6018 for 78) when they transcoded complex decade numbers compared with simple decade numbers. When an error was made on the complex decade portion of a number, it was likely a lexical error. In conclusion, third graders, both first- and second-language learners, found complex decade numbers challenging and their performance was related to their general vocabulary skills.
The role of prone positioning in patients with SARS-CoV-2-related respiratory failure in non–intensive care unit
Authors: Graziani Mara , Barbieri Greta , Maraziti Giorgio , Falcone Marco , Fiaccadori Anna , Corradi Francesco , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Satula Katarzyna , Noumi Ghislaine , Becattini Cecilia
Published: April 2023

Background:

Prone positioning (PP) is an established and commonly used lung recruitment method for intubated patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, with potential benefits in clinical outcome. The role of PP outside the intensive care unit (ICU) setting is debated.

Objectives:

We aimed at assessing the role of PP in death and ICU admission in non-intubated patients with acute respiratory failure related to COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Design:

This is a retrospective analysis of a collaborative multicenter database obtained by merging local non-interventional cohorts.

Methods:

Consecutive adult patients with COVID-19-related respiratory failure were included in a collaborative cohort and classified based on the severity of respiratory failure according to the partial arterial oxygen pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) and on clinical severity by the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score. The primary study outcome was the composite of in-hospital death or ICU admission within 30 days from hospitalization.

Results:

PP was used in 114 of 536 study patients (21.8%), more commonly in patients with lower PaO2/FiO2 or receiving non-invasive ventilation and less commonly in patients with known comorbidities. A primary study outcome event occurred in 163 patients (30.4%) and in-hospital death in 129 (24.1%). PP was not associated with death or ICU admission (HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.78–1.74) and not with death (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.61–1.67) at multivariable analysis; PP was an independent predictor of ICU admission (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.53–4.40). The lack of association between PP and death or ICU admission was confirmed at propensity score-matching analysis.

Conclusion:

PP is used in a non-negligible proportion of non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure and is not associated with death but with ICU admission. The role of PP in this setting merits further evaluation in randomized studies.