bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining willingness to pay taxes: The role of income, education, ideology
Authors: Jacques Olivier
Published: April 2023

While the drivers of preferences about tax progressivity and redistribution are well identified, the study of willingness to pay taxes remains underdeveloped. This article uses the 2016 ISSP on the Role of Government and the 2018 OECD Risks that Matter surveys to identify which groups of voters are more likely to be willing to pay taxes. It shows that ideology mediates the correlations between education or income and willingness to pay. Among the left, income and education tend to have a positive association with willingness to pay taxes, whereas both variables are negatively associated with willingness to pay among the right. Thus, the core constituencies of left-wing parties composed of socio-cultural professionals and of production and service workers have different tax policy preferences. Socio-cultural professionals, with their higher education and income, are significantly more willing to pay taxes than production and service workers, who share lower education and income.
The impact of cost on quality of surgical management in non-metastatic extremity sarcoma: A cross-country narrative literature review with a systematic approach
Authors: Kuek Timothy , Schilling Chris G , Choong Peter F
Published: April 2023

Background:

Extremity sarcoma surgery entails significant costs for patients, governments and insurers. Multiple studies have described individual costs, however, the overall impact of cost on the quality of surgical care remains unclear.

Objectives:

A narrative review with a systematic approach was undertaken to compare the impact of cost on the quality of extremity sarcoma care across low-middle-income and high-income countries.

Data Sources:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycInfo, DARE, NHS-EED, HTA.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: discussion of costs and the surgical management of primary extremity sarcoma. There were no restrictions on study design, publication type, date, geographic location or publication status. A data extraction table was used to identify study location, type and findings.

Results:

1012 studies were retrieved and 44 met the inclusion criteria. Four additional studies were identified from the reference lists of included articles. 27 studies were published in high-income countries (HIC) including all four full health economic analyses and 20 studies were published in low-middle income countries (LMC). Within LMC, cost impeded access to diagnosis, resection and options for reconstruction. In HIC, cost varied with choice of management, particularly during the long-term postoperative period.

Conclusions:

Within LMC, cost impaired the provision of quality, curative care for patients with extremity sarcoma. Within HIC, while costs varied with chosen management, they were not prohibitive to the provision of quality care. Further research is required, specific to both socioeconomic contexts, to further describe the long-term cost-utility of different methods for the surgical management of extremity sarcoma.
Developing an Intervention to Enhance Parental Monitoring in Family Foster Care
Authors: Baviskar Siddhartha , Bergström Martin , Danneskiold-Samsøe Sofie , Sjö Nina Madsen , Sørensen Kresta Munkholt , Jacobsen Charlotte Bredahl
Published: April 2023

Purpose: To fulfill their supervision and counseling responsibilities to foster parents, social workers need an effective way to indirectly monitor foster children's mental health and learning ability within a model of tripartite parenthood. This article describes how we are developing an intervention aimed at enhancing parental monitoring as a protective factor in family foster care. Methods: Focusing on the initial parts of Fraser et al.'s stepwise model for intervention development and drawing on ongoing research, we describe the main challenges faced in developing a program theory of parental monitoring. Results: The product is a manual that can transform the agenda of counseling meetings based on the following pre-requisites: appropriate standardized instruments, a common digital platform, training social workers, and being responsive to municipal differences. Conclusion: Our experience thus far allows us to be cautiously optimistic about strengthening parental monitoring in family foster care.
Commanding Through Change: A Conceptual Model for School Leadership Amid Gentrification
Authors: Butler Alisha , Boggs Rachel
Published: April 2023

Background: As gentrification transforms the physical, cultural, and demographic character of urban landscapes, an expansive body of research has generated insights into the meanings and implications of this process for public schools. How school leaders facilitate or constrain school gentrification is a growing area of inquiry. Research Design: This article analyzes the literature on school gentrification and presents a conceptual model to frame how school leaders’ responses influence the trajectory of school transformation. Results: Drawing on 18 studies of school gentrification’s dynamics, we outline how school leaders communicate and market schools to families, cultivate school climates, and manage personnel and resources amid gentrification. Conclusions: We argue that school leaders play critical roles in gentrification processes and that their actions can interrupt or exacerbate inequities in gentrifying schools. We conclude with implications for policy, research, and practice.
Understanding and Overcoming the Pitfalls in Cytopathological Diagnosis of Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor of Thyroid
Authors: Mahjabin FNU , Gonsalves Catherine , Drew Peter A. , Mukhtar Faisal , Leon Marino E.
Published: April 2023

Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT), a rare low-malignant-potential thyroid neoplasm, is usually treated with conservative surgery. However, cytomorphological diagnosis of HTT is challenging due to the significant overlap of nuclear features with more common malignancies such as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which usually requires more radical surgical intervention. To avoid unnecessary overtreatment, a precise diagnosis of HTT is therefore essential. Advances in molecular diagnostics provide the opportunity to overcome the limitations of cytological analysis. We present a case of HTT in a 71-year-old male who was initially suspected to be PTC based on cytopathology. However, further molecular analysis revealed PAX8::GLIS3 gene fusion, classifying the lesion as HTT and preventing surgical overtreatment. We discuss the diagnostic pitfall of cytopathology in HTT and suggest using emerging molecular genetic tools to avoid it.
Clinical and Pathological Correlation in Concomitant Celiac Disease and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Suggests Separate Etiologies
Authors: Castrodad-Rodríguez Carlos A. , Cheng Jerome , Westerhoff Maria , Liang Guo Hua , Lin Jingmei , Nalbantoglu ILKe , Hu Shaomin , Sekhri Radhika , Panarelli Nicole C.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Recently, an increased risk of celiac disease or eosinophilic esophagitis has been postulated among patients with either of these disorders, prompting some to suggest a common underlying mechanism, whereas others maintain that their co-existence is coincidental. Methods. We compared clinical and pathological features of 29 patients meeting criteria for both celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis to 26 celiac disease and 26 eosinophilic esophagitis controls to determine whether any distinguished study patients from controls. Results. Eight (28%) study patients presented with symptoms of both celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis, whereas 14 (48%) had celiac disease symptoms only and 5 had (17%) esophageal symptoms only. Study patients had similar autoimmune and atopic conditions seen in both control groups. Histological severity of disease, including Marsh II-III duodenal histology (study specimens: 87%; controls: 89%), mean peak esophageal eosinophil counts (study specimens: 55/400x field; controls: 80/400X field, P = .1), and presence of eosinophil microabscesses, scale crust, and subepithelial fibrosis were also similar to controls. Gluten-free diet resolved celiac disease-related symptoms (19 of 20, 95%) and histology (10 of 12, 83%), but not esophageal symptoms or eosinophilia in most study patients. Conclusion. Patients with concomitant celiac disease and eosinophilic esophagitis lack distinguishing features compared to controls with celiac disease or eosinophilic esophagitis alone. The occurrence of both disorders is likely coincidental in most cases.
Enteric Glia and Brain Astroglia: Complex Communication in Health and Disease along the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: D’Antongiovanni Vanessa , Pellegrini Carolina , Antonioli Luca , Ippolito Chiara , Segnani Cristina , Benvenuti Laura , D’Amati Antonio , Errede Mariella , Virgintino Daniela , Fornai Matteo , Bernardini Nunzia
Published: April 2023

Several studies have provided interesting evidence about the role of the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain in the onset and development of several pathologic conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), neurodegenerative diseases, and related comorbidities. Indeed, patients with IBD can experience neurologic disorders, including depression and cognitive impairment, besides typical intestinal symptoms. In parallel, patients with neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, are often characterized by the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. In this context, enteric glial cells and brain astrocytes are emerging as pivotal players in the initiation/maintenance of neuroinflammatory responses, which appear to contribute to the alterations of intestinal and neurologic functions observed in patients with IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. The present review was conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available knowledge on the morphologic, molecular, and functional changes occurring in the enteric glia and brain astroglia in IBDs and neurologic disorders. In addition, our intent is to identify whether such alterations could represent a common denominator involved in the onset of comorbidities associated with the aforementioned disorders. This might help to identify putative targets useful to develop novel pharmacologic approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances.
Immunosuppressive therapy management in cancer patients with autoimmune diseases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Wuyts Stephanie C.M. , Cappelle Charlotte A.H. , Verhaert Marthe , Bravenboer Bert , Aspeslagh Sandrine
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Prescribing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to cancer patients with an autoimmune disease (AID) is presumed safe when cautious adverse event management is applied. However, guidelines on immunosuppressant (IS) adaptations are limited and real-world evidence is scarce.

Methods

Current practice of IS adaptations is described in a case series of AID patients treated with ICIs in a tertiary university hospital in Belgium (1/1/2016–31/12/2021). Patient, drug and disease-related data were documented using retrospective chart review. A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify similar cases (1/1/2010–30/11/2022).

Results

Sixteen patients were described in the case series (62% with active AID). Systemic IS were changed before ICI initiation in 5/9 patients. Four patients continued therapy, of which one achieved partial remission. Patients who had IS (partially) stopped before ICI start (n = 4) had AID flares in two cases; immune-related adverse events in three cases. In the systematic review, 37 cases were identified in 9 articles. Corticosteroids (n = 12) and non-selective IS (n = 27) were continued in, respectively, 66% and 68% of patients. Methotrexate was frequently discontinued (13/21). Biologicals, excluding tocilizumab and vedolizumab, were withheld during ICI treatment. Out of all patients with flares (n = 15), 47% had stopped IS therapy before ICI start and 53% had continued their AID drugs.

Conclusions

A detailed overview of IS management in patients with AID receiving ICI therapy is presented. Expanding the knowledge base germane to IS management with ICI therapy in the diverse population is essential to evaluate their mutual impact, thus advancing responsible patient care.
Predictors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Sri Lankan Children: A School Based Community Study
Authors: Nazeer Nazneen , Rohanachandra Yasodha Maheshi , Prathapan Shamini
Published: April 2023

Objective:

To evaluate potential risk-factors of ADHD among primary school-children (PSC) in state schools in Colombo district of Sri Lanka.

Method:

A case-control study was conducted with 73 cases and 264 controls selected randomly among 6 to 10-year-old PSC from Sinhala medium state schools in Colombo district. Primary care givers completed the SNAP-IV P/T-S scale to screen for ADHD and an interviewer-administered questionnaire on risk-factors. Children’s diagnostic status was confirmed by a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist based on DSM-5 criteria.

Results:

A binomial regression model identified male sex (aOR = 3.45; 95% CI [1.65, 7.18]), lower educational level of the mother (aOR = 2.99; 95% CI [1.31, 6.48]), birth weight <2,500 g (aOR = 2.83; 95% CI [1.17, 6.81]),a neonatal complications (aOR = 3.82; 95% CI [191, 7.65]) and child having witnessed verbal/emotional aggression between parents (aOR = 2.08; 95% CI [1.01, 4.27])as significant predictors of ADHD.

Conclusion:

Primary prevention should focus on strengthening neonatal, maternal and child health services within the country.
Social Ontology and Evaluation—A Comment on “Framing Evaluation in Reality: An Introduction to Ontologically Integrative Evaluation”
Authors: Picciotto Robert
Published: April 2023

According to Jennifer Billman, western evaluation bias against indigenous thinking is due to ontological incompetence. If so, the solution she offers (a highly abstract list of criteria) is inadequate since it fails to address let alone resolve a wide range of philosophical dilemmas at the intersection of logic and ontology. Furthermore, it fails to “frame evaluation in reality” since it ignores the patent fact that, in the market society, positivist evaluators dominate. They are value free, embrace a “clockwork” conception of the natural and social world, and do not question decision makers' goals. By contrast, constructivist evaluators recognize that social facts differ from natural facts since they are socially constructed and clustered within institutions that define roles, norms and expectations. It follows that constructivist evaluation holds the key to the problem identified by Billman since it resists capture by vested interests, gives pride of place to the relational context and embraces the validity of indigenous thinking.
The Principles for (Ir)Responsible Management Education: An exploration of the dynamics of paradox, the hidden curriculum, competencies and symbolization
Authors: Smith Simon M , Cripps Karen , Stokes Peter , Séraphin Hugues
Published: April 2023

This article discusses whether, as academics, we are behaving irresponsibly in the manner in which we deliver the much-vaunted Principles for Responsible Management Education. The Principles for Responsible Management Education constitutes an association and ethos which seeks to promote and infuse responsible management education into business schools and organisations. RME seeks to, inter alia, surface and challenge hegemonic neo-liberal and capitalistic meta-narratives with a view to replacing these with more value-driven, ethical, sustainable and corporately socially responsible education in business schools and business. In our article, we propose a more complementary approach – one in which Principles for Responsible Management Education/RME might work in parallel with dominant capitalistic perspectives. We do this by considering the impact of the hidden curriculum, sustainability competencies and related symbolization (through rankings and accreditations) all within the paradox-explanatory framework of organisational ambidexterity. The argument proposes that a paradoxical approach is needed that is aligned with both the capitalist norms of business society and yet, achieves the more socially orientated United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Business schools and Principles for Responsible Management Education can play an essential role in ensuring this happens. In essence, we hope to provoke thought, change and action towards the achievement of more socially and societally focused United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on which Principles for Responsible Management Education is predicated.
Breaking isolation: Consciousness-raising as a methodology for academic activism
Authors: McCarthy Lauren , Grosser Kate
Published: April 2023

In this essay we argue that one way to combat the depressing creep of the neoliberal university is to recuperate and re-use consciousness raising (CR) in teaching, administration, research, and engagement. Consciousness-raising can be roughly characterised as first, an apprehending of one’s place in a system, and second, feeling inspired to do something about that system. We propose that CR is an especially helpful way to think about our work in contexts where more structural changes to advance social justice agendas appear to have stalled, or even to have taken a step backwards. There may be potential to co-opt the increasing dominance of individualism in our worlds, by revisiting the role that individual reflection and development plays in social change, as conceptualised within CR. Through examples drawn from our own experiences, we demonstrate how CR happens in our day-to-day interactions, reigniting a sense of meaning in our working lives whilst potentially creating ripples of positive change. We thus call not just for revisiting, but also for reconceptualising and reframing CR rooted in feminist and intersectional praxis as a methodology for academic activism in the contemporary business school.
Children subjected to family violence: A retrospective study of experiences of trauma-focused treatment
Authors: Onsjö Marja , Strand Jennifer , Axberg Ulf
Published: April 2023

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences is a risk factor for the development of serious psychiatric and somatic illness. Although trauma-focused therapy is effective in reducing symptoms, not all children benefit from it. To improve treatment efficacy, the children’s perspective on what they perceive as helpful versus hindering is necessary. This study aimed, retrospectively, to explore how children exposed to family violence experienced treatment at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service. Seventeen children and youths were interviewed 4–5 years after treatment. The thematic analysis resulted in five themes: confusion, the need to feel heard, fear of consequences, feelings of pain, and identifying oneself as an agent. The results emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship, and that trust, genuine interest, and reciprocity are necessary for the child to engage in treatment. However, neither the child’s own agency nor external obstacles such as continuous exposure to abuse should be underestimated in terms of the child’s engagement.
Novel behaviour change frameworks for digital health interventions: A critical review
Authors: Pelly Melissa , Fatehi Farhad , Liew Danny , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio
Published: April 2023

Digital health interventions – interventions delivered over digital media to support the health of users – are becoming increasingly prevalent. Utilising an intervention development framework can increase the efficacy of digital interventions for health-related behaviours. This critical review aims to outline and review novel behaviour change frameworks that guide digital health intervention development. Our comprehensive search for preprints and publications used PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and the Open Science Framework repository. Articles were included if they: (1) were peer-reviewed; (2) proposed a behaviour change framework to guide digital health intervention development; (3) were written in English; (4) were published between 1/1/19 and 1/8/2021; and (5) were applicable to chronic diseases. Intervention development frameworks considered the user, intervention elements and theoretical foundations. However, the timing and policy of interventions are not consistently addressed across frameworks. Researchers should deeply consider the digital applicability of behaviour change frameworks to improve intervention success.
Intimacy, gender and ethnicity: Non-monogamous relationship dynamics among the Hui in Northwest China
Authors: NIU Xuan , Laidler Karen J.
Published: April 2023

This study uses snowball sampling to explore the experiences of intimate and sexual relationships of non-monogamous marriages among the Hui ethnic group in northwestern China. It examines how Islam is socially expressed to culturally validate polygynous relations, and how the discourse of masculinity controls and shapes the definition of non-monogamous intimate relationships. This research suggests that moral and legal explanations for such non-monogamous relationships among the Hui are insufficient, and require an understanding of the intersections between Islam, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality.
Ken Plummer Memorial
Authors: O’Brien Jodi
Published: April 2023

Jodi O'Brien remembers Ken Plummer.
Renovating buildings by modelling energy–CO2 emissions using particle swarm optimization and artificial neural network (case study: Iran)
Authors: Arjomandnia Roja , Ilbeigi Marjan , Kazemidemneh Maryam , Hashemi Alireza Nazari
Published: April 2023

Climate change is known as a serious threat to the human species, and its significance should be considered in building design. This study aims to investigate the relationship between energy consumption and CO2 emission in Iran during the years 2018–2019 using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and regression methods. The input data were gathered and optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Lighting, equipment load rate, wall U-value, roof U-value and people density were deliberated as effective parameters. Afterwards, the ANN was created, trained and tested by the radial basis function (RBF) algorithm; also, the data were evaluated based on statistical analysis in SPSS software. The results demonstrated R2 = 0.99 and the 45-degree line for the predicted value. Energy consumption and CO2 were reduced to 35% and 73.21%, respectively. Furthermore, CO2 emissions and energy consumption had an inverse relationship with infiltration rates (−0.201) and (−0.098). Furthermore, CO2 emission and energy consumption had a linear relation in Iran with the equation of y = 1.63x + 0.52. Moreover, based on ANOVA test, R2 linear was 0.985 and R = 0.993, illustrating significant accuracy. Architects and designers could enjoy these findings as guidelines for renovation and designing purposes so as to alleviate the negative environmental impacts of construction.
Operational performance evaluation of a Passive house residential building in northern China based on long-term monitoring in winter
Authors: Han Fei , Liu Bin , Feist Wolfgang , Pfluger Rainer , Dermentzis Georgios
Published: April 2023

Passive houses, called nearly zero energy buildings in China, are developing rapidly. These constructions in China are mainly located in cold climate zones. Due to highly efficient energy-saving technology, Passive houses can decrease space heating demand (SHD) by 70%–90% compared to local conventional buildings. However, this energy-saving rate is still a theoretical result and needs to be verified by real data. There is a lack of studies evaluating the performance of residential Passive houses through monitored data in China. This article selects a newly built multi-storey residential Passive house building in Qingdao to accurately quantify its energy performance. Through energy consumption monitoring throughout winter, the average SHD of this building at an occupancy rate of 47% was found to be 28 kWh/(m2·a) and the primary energy consumption was 96.7 kWh/(m2·a), while maintaining a high level of indoor comfort. Compared with local conventional Green Buildings, the SHD of the case building was reduced by 86.3% and the total energy consumption was reduced by 69.2%. The results demonstrate that Passive houses have a great energy-saving potential and provide evidence supporting the use of Passive houses as an option for sustainable building in northern China.
‘I just need a yes or no’: Managing resistant responses in U.S. Senate hearings
Authors: Caldwell Marissa , Raclaw Joshua
Published: April 2023

Using conversation analysis, this article examines how questioners manage resistant responses in the context of U.S. Senate hearings. In particular, we examine how questioning Senators use explicit metacommentary – a turn constructional practice in which speakers offer ‘on-record’ comments on the manner in which a prior turn was formulated – to manage a recipient’s resistant responses to polar questions. Within these contexts, metacommentary becomes a resource for highlighting the preference organization of the original question and challenging the adequacy of the recipient’s response. The analysis shows how metacommentary not only serves to guide a question recipient toward producing an adequate response, but additionally works to register the questioning Senator’s stance toward the inadequacy of the response while highlighting this inadequacy for both the co-present audience and viewers of these publicly televised hearings.
Dynamic modelling and vibration characteristics of a marine compound gear transmission system
Authors: Yang Long , Yuan Bing , Gong Jingyi , Qin Mingjian , Liu Geng
Published: April 2023

The vibration level is the key index to measure the performance of marine gear transmission device. The compound gear transmission system, which is composed of a helical gear pair and a spur star gear train, is widely used in marine gear transmission device. This paper presents a multi-node dynamic model for a marine compound gear transmission system, investigating the modal properties and dynamic responses of the system. The mesh stiffness and transmission error for each gear pair are determined using the loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) model. The theoretical and experimental vibration acceleration responses of the gearbox housing are contrastively analysed. The results show that some vibration modes are very similar to those of a single planetary gear train, but other modes are multi-node and multi-degree of freedom coupling modes. The vibration coupling and transferring phenomenon between two stages can be observed remarkably, but those show obvious differences under different working conditions. The torsional stiffness of the elastic connecting shaft has significant influence on the vibration coupling and transferring phenomenon. The results can provide useful guidance for the low vibration and noise design of the marine compound gear transmission system.
Gendered fandom in transcultural context- female-dominated paratexts and compromised fan culture
Authors: Zheng Shiyu (Sharon)
Published: April 2023

This study aims to understand how Chinese audiences have consumed and engaged in BBC’s Sherlock as a transcultural fan with the help of digital media. Drawing on the transcultural and gendered fan studies and 36 qualitative interviews, this article interrogates Chinese Sherlock fandom within the hybridised transcultural flow of texts and identity. The key argument is that Chinese Sherlock fans have created a female-dominated fandom that updates the gendered fandom by enriching paratexts of Boys’ Love (BL) whilst China’s censorship has largely constrained fans’ homosexual productivity. On the one hand, the wide application of digital media technologies largely helps Chinese fans to access Sherlock transnationally and contribute to the global Sherlock fandom; on the other, the censoring mediascape in China has restricted fan prosumption, as erotic/homosexual fan work is not regarded as a canonical culture. This study thereby concludes, although Chinese Sherlock fans have been cultivated to circumvent the media censoring mechanism and produce fantexts outside China that features resistance power and fan intelligence, the compromised fan culture is understood as incomplete rebellion because Chinese fans have made concessions and the alternative choices are tacit by the national power itself.
Thinking Sideways: A Plea for “Weak Theory”
Authors: Manouchehrifar Babak
Published: April 2023

This essay examines the implications of interdisciplinary debates on the power of “weak theory” for planning practice. Focusing on the North American planning context, I argue that the concept of “weak theory” – with its emphasis on specificity and mid-level generalizations and its openness to doubt and contingency – has long been a source of discussion about social interventions, but the significance of this approach for understanding cities and informing city planning practice remains largely unappreciated. This essay critically reflects on the concept of “weak theory” and examines how it can promote intellectual diversity and enhance planning practice by making theory less dogmatic and more accessible.
A full-scale wind turbine blade monitoring campaign: detection of damage initiation and progression using medium-frequency active vibrations
Authors: Fremmelev Mads Anker , Ladpli Purim , Orlowitz Esben , Dervilis Nikolaos , McGugan Malcolm , Branner Kim
Published: April 2023

This work is concerned with a structural health monitoring campaign of a 52-m wind turbine blade. Multiple artificial damages are introduced in the blade sequentially, and fatigue testing is conducted with each damage in sequence. Progressive fatigue-driven damage propagation is achieved, enabling investigations concerning detection of initiation and propagation of damage in the blade. Using distributed accelerometers, operational modal analysis is performed to extract the lower-order natural vibration modes of the blade, which are shown to not be sensitive to small damages in the blade. To enable monitoring of small damages, an active vibration monitoring system is used, comprised of an electrodynamic vibration shaker and distributed accelerometers. From the accelerometer data, frequency domain methods are used to extract features. Using the extracted features, outlier detection is performed to investigate changes in the measurements resulting from the introduced damages. Capabilities of using features based on the active vibration data for detection of initiation and progression of damage in a wind turbine blade during fatigue testing are investigated, showing good correlation between the observed damage progression and the calculated changes in the damage index.
A novel method for early fault diagnosis of planetary gearbox with distributed tooth surface wear
Authors: Gao Maosheng , Shang Zhiwu , Li Wanxiang , Liu Fei , Liu Jingyu
Published: April 2023

Planetary gearbox (PGB) usually work in harsh working conditions with low speed and heavy load, and they are prone to wear. Different from the local faults, the distributed faults such as tooth surface wear are often weak and difficult to detect in the early stage, and it is difficult to extract fault characteristic. This paper presents an early fault diagnosis method for the distributed tooth surface wear of PGB to solve this problem. The proposed multi-channel optimal maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolution (MCO_MCKD) algorithm is used to extract fault characteristic. In order to enhance the effect of fault characteristic extraction (FCE), the algorithm first uses the sliding window principle to segment the input signal to establishes multiple channels for maximum correlation kurtosis (max_CK) optimization based on all the short signals obtained. The finite impulse response (FIR) filter with the max_CK is selected to filter the input signal, in order to realize FCE. The influence of tooth wear is mainly reflected in the frequency-domain signal amplitude. In order to realize early fault diagnosis, the frequency-domain statistical indicator fault characteristic energy ratio (FCER) is proposed based on this characteristic. The health status of the equipment is monitored by calculating the FCER of the signal after FCE. Early fault diagnosis is realized based on the mutation of the FCER. The simulation results show that MCO_MCKD algorithm has strong robustness. The experimental results show this proposed method is effective and superior.
Overall sensing method for the three-dimensional stress of roadway via machine learning on SHM data
Authors: Tan Xu-Yan , Chen Wei-Zhong , Gao Hou , Qin Chang-Kun , Zhao Wu-Sheng
Published: April 2023

Monitoring roof stress is essential for identifying structural anomalies and preventing disasters during underground construction. However, current sensors mainly focus on monitoring in one dimension, and it is challenging to obtain the mechanical status of the overall roof owing to the limitations of sensor numbers and the working environment. Therefore, we aimed to present an overall sensing method for the three-dimensional stress status of a roadway roof through machine learning (ML) based on limited monitoring points. First, the framework of the overall sensing method was developed, where a three-dimensional stress sensor was created to obtain the mechanical behaviours of some sensitive positions, and an ML model driven by the physical mechanism and limited monitoring data was developed to derive the overall stress situation. The developed sensor was installed in a case study, and the ML model was formulated based on the field-monitoring data. A series of experiments were conducted to derive the stress distribution of the roadway roof in the study case. Furthermore, a numerical simulation was conducted to compare the reasonability of the deduction results. The experimental results indicated that the deduction results of roof stress were reasonable, and thus the proposed sensing method is reliable.
Studying Social Status Perceptions Among Migrants Through Photo Ranking Exercises
Authors: Stock Inka
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses the use of photo ranking exercises together with qualitative interview data to study migrants’ perception of social status. It draws on data from a mixed-method study, involving in-depth interviews with migrants from different socio-economic backgrounds and mobility experiences in Germany. The paper focuses on how photo ranking exercises can be combined with more traditional interviewing techniques in order to elicit peoples’ subjective perceptions of status mobility in transnational spaces. It demonstrates that ranking exercises can be helpful in the effort to design data collection methods which are combining substantialist and relational approaches to the study of social class and social positions.
Rolling bearing fault feature selection based on standard deviation and random forest classifier using vibration signals
Authors: Imane Moussaoui , Rahmoune Chemseddine , Benazzouz Djamel
Published: April 2023

The precise identification of faults is vital for ensuring the reliability of the bearing’s performance, and thus, the functionality of rotary machinery. The focus of our study is on the role that feature selection plays in improving the accuracy of predictive models used for diagnosis. The study combined the Standard Deviation (STD) parameter with the Random Forest (RF) classifier to select relevant features from vibration signals obtained from bearings operating under various conditions. We utilized three databases with different bearings’ health states operating under distinct conditions. The results of the study were promising, indicating that the proposed method was not only effective but also consistent, even under time-varying conditions.
Definition and rationale for placebo composition: Cross-sectional analysis of randomized trials and protocols published in high-impact medical journals
Authors: Hong Kyungwan , Rowhani-Farid Anisa , Doshi Peter
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims:

Inadequate description of trial interventions in publications has been repeatedly reported, a problem that extends to the description of placebo controls. Without describing placebo contents, it cannot be assumed that a placebo is inert. Pharmacologically active placebos complicate accurate estimation and interpretation of efficacy and safety data. In this study, we sought to assess whether placebo contents are described in study protocols and publications of trials published in high-impact medical journals.

Methods:

We identified all placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in 2016 in Annals of Internal Medicine, The BMJ, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), The Lancet, and the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). We included all trials with publicly available study protocols. From journal publications and associated study protocols, we searched and recorded: description of placebo contents; the amount of each placebo ingredient; and investigators’ stated rationale for selection of placebo ingredients.

Results:

We included 113 placebo-controlled RCTs. Of the 113 trials, placebo content was described in 22 (19.5%) journal publications and 51 (45.1%) study protocols. The amount of each placebo ingredient was described in 15 (13.3%) journal publications and 47 (41.6%) study protocols. None of the journal publications explained the rationale for the choice of placebo ingredients, whereas a rationale was provided in 4 (3.5%) study protocols. The stated rationales were to ensure the placebo was visually indistinguishable from the experimental intervention ( N = 3) and ensure comparability with a previous study ( N = 1).

Conclusion:

There is no accessible record of the composition of placebos for approximately half of high-impact RCTs, even with access to study protocols. This impedes reproducibility and raises unanswerable questions about what effects—beneficial or harmful—the placebo may have had on trial participants, potentially confounding an accurate assessment of the experimental intervention’s safety and efficacy. Considering that study protocols are unabridged, detailed documents describing the trial design and methodology, the fact that less than half of the study protocols described the placebo contents raises concerns about clinical trial transparency. To improve the reproducibility and potential of placebo-controlled RCTs to provide reliable evidence on the efficacy and safety profile of drugs and other experimental interventions, more detail regarding placebo contents must be included in trial documents.
An insatiable hunger for charisma? A follower-centric analysis of populism and charismatic leadership
Authors: Metz Rudolf , Plesz Bendegúz
Published: April 2023

While scholarship often assumes that strong leaders and charismatic leadership play an important role in the emergence of populist politics, research has missed a closer exploration of charisma attribution to populists. Addressing this charismatic leadership hypothesis requires populism and charisma to be analysed from the followers’ perspective. This article takes a unique look at the social-psychological dynamics behind populism. Using quantitative survey data that was collected from Hungarian voters ( N = 1200), this article examines the relationship between populist attitudes as follower characteristics in modern politics and charisma attribution. To reveal how a populist worldview can affect the follower’s expectations and perceptions, we break charisma attribution down into three phases: (1) the general hunger for charisma (the romance of leadership); (2) perceptions of charismatic behaviour of the top candidates in the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary elections (i.e., Viktor Orbán and Péter Márki-Zay); and (3) emotional attachment to these leaders. Our findings show that populism makes people more hungry for charisma and more sensitive to recognising charismatic behaviour but does not necessarily create an emotional bond with specific leaders. This article also sheds light on some directions of future research to explore other distinctive characteristics of populist followers that can influence social constructions of charismatic leadership. The limitations and implications are also discussed.
Social experiments and the praxis of geographical knowledge production: Emerging architectural practices in urban and regional China
Authors: Lu Yanheng , Qian Junxi
Published: April 2023

While knowledge production in geography is adept at providing critical perspectives that unravel the deficiencies in existing social, economic, and political systems, it has been less forthcoming in considering the means of constructing alternative worlds. One way to address this shortfall is to draw insights from social innovations produced in real-world contexts by a plurality of actors. In this commentary, we draw on the theoretical points underlying the existing literature on experiments in urban and regional contexts to illustrate the importance of architectural experiments in China. We also reflect on how such a research focus can enrich the analytical framework of social experiments by highlighting plural knowledge producers, diverse rationalities underlying experiments, and socio-economic relations beyond the market.
Economies of attachment: Promissory objects, differentiation, and other futures?
Authors: Coleman Rebecca
Published: April 2023

In this response to Anderson's formulation of a theoretical framework for understanding attachments, I propose a third concept to join those of forms of attachment and scenes of attachment: economies of attachment. The concept of economies of attachment attends to how specific promissory objects become forms of attachment and how promissory objects compose ongoing and ordinary attachments as well as the fleeting and temporary moments suggested by scenes of attachment. It seeks to understand how particular promissory objects appeal to particular subjects; that is, how attachments emerge from and pattern social, economic, political, and affective economies. To explore this proposition, I return to Berlant’s discussion of ‘aspirational normalcy’ and consider normativity as a promissory object that might magnetise those who are unable to fit the normative ideal. I argue that as well as differentiating promissory objects, attachments also differentiate the subjects they appeal to. This is to explicate the significance of objects in theories of attachment and, more specifically, the futurity of promissory objects. While normativity as a promissory object involves the conservative differentiation of subjects, the empirical question remains of how promissory objects may be involved in the creation of alternative futures and presents.
Quantitative sonoelastography of the uterine cervix in predicting successful outcome of induction of labour
Authors: Agarwal Mukta , Sinha Sudwita , Nitu Nitu , Roy Ria , Kunwar Kajal , Kumar Prem , Kumar Subhash , Prasad Indira
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the stiffness of cervix and determine its significance in predicting successful outcome of induction of labour. The primary objective was to determine the differences in elastography indices of different areas of cervix between the outcome groups of successful and failed induction of labour. A secondary objective was to find out the correlation of these elastography indices with Bishop’s score and cervical length.

Methods:

This was a prospective, observational study conducted over a period of 6 months on pregnant women admitted in the labour room for induction of labour. Establishment of adequate regular uterine contractions – at least three contractions lasting 40–45 s in a 10-min period – was taken as end point for successful outcome of induction of labour. Even after 24 h of initiation of induction of labour, regular, adequate and painful uterine contractions were not established, then induction of labour was described as having failed. Prior to induction, cervical length measurement, Bishop’s scoring and elastographic evaluation of the cervix were done by stress–strain elastography. A colour map was produced from purple to red and a five-step scale – the elastography index – was used to describe the various parts of the cervix. The differences between elastography indices of different parts of cervix were estimated using Mann–Whitney U test. Correlation of the indices with cervical length and Bishop’s score was determined by Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results:

A total of 64 women were included in the study. A significant difference ( p < 0.001) was found in the elastography index of internal os between the two outcome groups of success (1.76 ± 0.64) and failure (0.54 ± 0.18). However, the elastography index of central cervical canal, external os, anterior lip and posterior lips did not differ significantly across the outcome groups. A significant positive correlation was found between elastography index of internal os and cervical length (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.441, p < 0.001) and between elastography index of external os and cervical length ( r = 0.347, p = 0.005), whereas a negative correlation was seen between elastography index of external os and Bishop’s score ( r = −0.270, p = 0.031).

Conclusion:

Elastography index of internal os can be used to predict outcome of induction of labour. Cervical elastography is a promising new technique for cervical consistency assessment. Further larger studies are required to determine some cut-off point for elastography index of internal os in prediction of outcome of induction of labour and to strongly establish the usefulness of cervical elastography for pregnancy management, preventing preterm delivery and establishment of cut-off points to determine successful induction.
Features and characteristics of publicly available mHealth apps for self-management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Quach Shirley , Benoit Adam , Oliveira Ana , Packham Tara L. , Goldstein Roger , Brooks Dina
Published: April 2023

Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) may be able to support people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to develop the appropriate skills and routines for adequate self-management. Given the wide variety of publicly available mHealth apps, it is important to be aware of their characteristics to optimize their use and mitigate potential harms.

Objective

To report the characteristics and features of publicly available apps for COPD self-management.

Methods

MHealth apps designed for patients’ COPD self-management were searched in the Google Play and Apple app stores. Two reviewers trialed and assessed the eligible apps using the MHealth Index and Navigation Database framework to describe the characteristics, qualities, and features of mHealth apps across five domains.

Results

From the Google Play and Apple stores, thirteen apps were identified and eligible for further evaluation. All thirteen apps were available for Android devices, but only seven were available for Apple devices. Most apps were developed by for-profit organizations (8/13), non-profit organizations (2/13), and unknown developers (3/13). Many apps had privacy policies (9/13), but only three apps described their security systems and two mentioned compliance with local health information and data usage laws. Education was the common app feature; additional features were medication reminders, symptom tracking, journaling, and action planning. None provided clinical evidence to support their use.

Conclusions

Publicly available COPD apps vary in their designs, features, and overall quality. These apps lack evidence to support their clinical use and cannot be recommended at this time.