bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pesticide Resistance and Related Mutation Frequencies of Tetranychus urticae in Hainan, China
Authors: Tian Tian , Wu Mingmei , Zhang Yan , Xu Dandan , Wu Mingyue , Xie Wen , Su Qi , Wang Shaoli
Published: July 2022

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is an important pest of horticultural crops worldwide and has developed resistance against multiple kinds of pesticides. To date, information on the resistance to pesticides is inadequate for T. urticae populations in Hainan, south China. In the current study, we determined the resistance to seven pesticides in five field populations of T. urticae that were collected on cucurbit crops in Hainan in 2021. The results showed that T. urticae populations developed high to extremely high resistance to abamectin and bifenthrin and medium to high resistance to pyridaben, profenofos, and cyflumetofen. However, four of the five populations were either susceptible to or had only low resistance to bifenazate and B-azolemiteacrylic. We also determined the frequencies of mutations previously associated with T. urticae resistance to abamectin, pyrethroids, organophosphates, bifenazate, or pyridaben; mutation frequencies as high as 100% were detected for some of the mutations in some of the populations. The results should facilitate the development of rational strategies for the chemical control of T. urticae populations in Hainan, China.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Temperature and Salt Tolerance in Grafted and Rootstock Seedlings Combined with Yield and Quality of Grafted Tomato
Authors: Fu Shijie , Chen Jiaqian , Wu Xiaolei , Gao Hongbo , Lü Guiyun
Published: July 2022

Environmental stress, especially in the form of low temperatures and salinity, has becomethe main limiting factor affecting the yield and quality of tomatoes in greenhouse production in China. Grafting, as an effective and sustainable strategy for improving plant stress tolerance, is closely related to rootstock properties and scion affinity. Here, 15 commercial rootstock genotypes were collected to investigate the differences in low temperatures and salt tolerance of rootstocks and grafted tomato seedlings in parallel, as well as well as the effect of grafting on the yield and quality of tomato. The results indicated that there were differences among rootstocks, and the resistance of grafted seedlings mainly depended on the characteristics of the rootstocks. We also found that the resistance of grafted seedlings was affected by the affinity between the scion and rootstock. Genotypes 6, 7, 11, and 14 showed advantages over the other genotypes in seedling growth, based on the fresh weight of the plants, the seedling index, and the root-shoot ratio. Genotypes 2, 7, 11, and 14 had greater total root lengths and higher numbers of root tips than other genotypes. These results showed that the significant increase in growth in the grafted tomato seedlings might have been attributable to the vigorous roots of the rootstocks. Genotypes 4, 7, 11, and 13 showed advantages with respect to low temperature stress, whereas genotypes 7, 11, 12, and 13 showed advantages with respect to salt stress. The salt tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings was influenced by both scion affinity and rootstock characteristics and was decreased by grafting. The highest yields were obtained from the grafted plants of genotypes 7 and 11, whose yields were 17.2% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of the control group. The rootstock genotype did not affect the fruit quality parameters, such as soluble protein content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids content, and in most cases, the lycopene and ascorbic acid contents of the fruit increased. After considering the results pertaining to the stress tolerance of rootstocks in combination with fruit yield and quality, genotypes 7 and 11 were selected as potentially suitable tomato rootstock varieties for further large-scale applications. These results provide a new perspective for the study of rootstock characteristics and an important reference for grafted tomato cultivation in greenhouse production.
Foliar Application of Selenium under Nano Silicon on Artemisia annua: Effects on Yield, Antioxidant Status, Essential Oil, Artemisinin Content and Mineral Composition
Authors: Golubkina Nadezhda , Logvinenko Lidia , Konovalov Dmitry , Garsiya Ekaterina , Fedotov Mikhail , Alpatov Andrey , Shevchuk Oksana , Skrypnik Liubov , Sekara Agnieszka , Caruso Gianluca
Published: July 2022

The unique biological properties of A. annua have stimulated the research on its cultivation in different regions of the world. In this study, the effect of the Se and nano-Si supply on the yield, biochemical characteristics and mineral content of A. annua was investigated. Growth stimulation and a significant increase in the antioxidant status were recorded under Se and nano-Si foliar application. A decrease in the number of essential oil components and significant changes in the essential oil amount and composition led to significant phenophase shifts: nano-Si significantly stimulated eucalyptol and artemisia ketone accumulation and decreased germacrene D production, whereas Se demonstrated the opposite effect. A joint Se and nano-Si supply significantly decreased the camphor content and increased artemisia ketone and artemisinin levels by 1.3–1.5 times. Se/Si supplementation affected the macro- and microelements content, causing either a redistribution of leaves/stems elements (Al, Li and Zn) or a significant decrease in Ca, Mg, K, B, Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in leaves, with no signs in growth inhibition or a decrease in the photosynthetic pigments content. The biofortification of A. annua with Se singly or in combination with nano-Si resulted in the synthesis of products with a Se content of as much as approximately 16% of the daily adequate Se consumption level (ACL) when using 5 g day−1 as a spice, or 36% of ACL when using 50 mL of tea infusion (1:2, v/w). The results indicated a high possibility of Se and nano-Si application toward the regulation of A. annua growth, biochemical characteristics (including essential oil and artemisinin) and mineral content.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Providing Evidence of Predisposition Genes
Authors: Shah Sidrah , Cheung Alison , Kutka Mikolaj , Sheriff Matin , Boussios Stergios
Published: July 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the cancers most influenced by hereditary factors. A fourth to a fifth of unselected EOC patients carry pathogenic variants (PVs) in a number of genes, the majority of which encode for proteins involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways. PVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are responsible for a substantial fraction of hereditary EOC. In addition, PV genes involved in the MMR pathway account for 10–15% of hereditary EOC. The identification of women with homologous recombination (HR)-deficient EOCs has significant clinical implications, concerning chemotherapy regimen planning and development as well as the use of targeted therapies such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. With several genes involved, the complexity of genetic testing increases. In this context, next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows testing for multiple genes simultaneously with a rapid turnaround time. In this review, we discuss the EOC risk assessment in the era of NGS.
Sex Differences in Anthropometric and Physiological Profiles of Hungarian Rowers of Different Ages
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Borysławski Krzysztof , Katona Zsolt Bálint , Alföldi Zoltan , Boraczyński Michał , Jaszczur-Nowicki Jarosław , Gronek Piotr
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine sexual differentiation in the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of Hungarian rowers in different age categories. These characteristics were measured for 15–16-year-old juniors (55 men and 36 women), 17–18-year-old older juniors (52 men and 26 women), and 19–22-year-old seniors (23 men and 8 women). The degree of sexual dimorphism was expressed in units of measurement as percentages and the dimorphism index. In all age categories, females had significantly higher body fat indices. Body fat percentage was determined by electrical impedance and by the Pařízková formula, BMI, and skinfold thicknesses. Males had significantly higher body mass, body height, skeletal muscle mass, sitting height, arm span, lower limb length, and body surface area. Males also scored significantly higher values for the following physiological characteristics: peak power, relative peak power, ErVO2max, jump height, speed max, force max, and relative maximal power. Analysis of anthropometric and physiological characteristics in Hungarian rowers revealed that sexual dimorphism tended to increase with age, regardless of whether it was expressed in units of measurement, percentages, or dimorphism index values. The age-related increase in the sexual dimorphism of Hungarian rowers suggests that training methods should be carefully selected to accommodate the needs of various age and gender groups.
Resistance to Arsenite and Arsenate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arises through the Subtelomeric Expansion of a Cluster of Yeast Genes
Authors: Stefanini Irene , Di Paola Monica , Liti Gianni , Marranci Andrea , Sebastiani Federico , Casalone Enrico , Cavalieri Duccio
Published: July 2022

Arsenic is one of the most prevalent toxic elements in the environment, and its toxicity affects every organism. Arsenic resistance has mainly been observed in microorganisms, and, in bacteria, it has been associated with the presence of the Ars operon. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three genes confer arsenic resistance: ARR1, ARR2, and ARR3. Unlike bacteria, in which the presence of the Ars genes confers per se resistance to arsenic, most of the S. cerevisiae isolates present the three ARR genes, regardless of whether the strain is resistant or sensitive to arsenic. To assess the genetic features that make natural S. cerevisiae strains resistant to arsenic, we used a combination of comparative genomic hybridization, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptomics profiling with microarray analyses. We observed that both the presence and the genomic location of multiple copies of the whole cluster of ARR genes were central to the escape from subtelomeric silencing and the acquisition of resistance to arsenic. As a result of the repositioning, the ARR genes were expressed even in the absence of arsenic. In addition to their relevance in improving our understanding of the mechanism of arsenic resistance in yeast, these results provide evidence for a new cluster of functionally related genes that are independently duplicated and translocated.
Changes in the Patterns and Characteristics of Youth ENDS Use over Time
Authors: Shamblen Stephen R. , Abadi Melissa H. , Thompson Kirsten T. , García-Ramírez Grisel , Richard Bonnie O.
Published: July 2022

Research on youth use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has explored the correlates of initiation and use; however, little is known about the factors that predict continued youth use of ENDS. We used an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) burst design to explore both daily variability within adolescents over a two-week observation period and variability over time two years later (2018 and 2020). The contribution of device characteristics, motivations for use, contextual factors, and community factors to daily use occasions were explored. Youth participants (n = 35) at the start of the study were past two-week nicotine vapers, 14 to 17 years old, who resided within 100 miles of Louisville, KY, and reported past two-week ENDS use. Close to a quarter of participants ceased all tobacco use two years later, suggesting that some youth, despite prior regular vaping habits, may have only been experimenting with ENDS. The regular continued use of ENDS was predicted by trying to quit using cigarettes, appealing flavors, and being in locations where cigarette use was prohibited. Except for flavors, these factors did not affect ENDS use in year one. These findings suggest that tobacco policy might target ENDS use by prohibiting all tobacco use, including ENDS, in locations where smoking is already banned.
A German Model Project for Workplace Health Promotion—Flow of Communication, Information, and Reasons for Non-Participation in the Offered Measures
Authors: Lutz Regina , Fischmann Wolfgang , Drexler Hans , Nöhammer Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

Background: Workplace health promotion (WHP) as a part of workplace health management (WHM) was strengthened in German legislature with the Prevention Act of 2015. However, smaller enterprises often do not offer WHM or WHP. Accordingly, a model-project for improving the uptake and implementation, particularly in micro-, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) was carried out. The aim of the study was to determine reasons for non-participation in WHP offers and analyze communication issues, both from the employee’s and employer’s perspective. Methods: In total, 21 managers or persons responsible for WHP participated in the first online survey between March and April 2020, and 156 employees responded to the second online survey between June and October 2021. The importance of barriers and communication issues was investigated. Based on a principal component analysis on non-participation, differences regarding sociodemographic variables were analyzed. Results: Most employees knew about the offered measures and that the measures were cost free. There was no significant association between having communicated the offers to the employees and considering them suitable for their needs. Most of the managers or persons responsible for WHP rated the measures as sufficiently varied and allowed staff to take part during working-time. Reasons for non-participation from the managers’ point of view were travel time to the location of the offers, lack of time, and a missing fit between offers and employees’ needs. From the employees’ point of view, workload (including working time) was the main barrier to participation. Conclusions: For the practical implementation of model projects in MSMEs, special attention should be paid to ensuring opportunity to participate, which may be easier with in-house offers.
An In-Depth Examination of the Natural Radiation and Radioactive Dangers Associated with Regularly Used Medicinal Herbs
Authors: Saudi Heba A. , Abedelkader Heba T. , Issa Shams A. M. , Diab Hanan M. , Alharshan Gharam A. , Uosif Mohamed A. M. , Bashter Ibrahim I. , Ene Antoaneta , Ghazaly M. El , Zakaly Hesham M. H.
Published: July 2022

The specific activity of U-238 and Th-232, as well as K-40 radionuclides, in twenty-nine investigated medicinal herbs used in Egypt has been measured using a high-purity germanium (HP Ge) detector. The measured values ranged from the BDL to 20.71 ± 1.52 with a mean of 7.25 ± 0.54 (Bq kg−1) for uranium-238, from the BDL to 29.35 ± 1.33 with a mean of 7.78 ± 0.633 (Bq kg−1) for thorium-232, and from 172 ± 5.85 to 1181.2 ± 25.5 with a mean of 471.4 ± 11.33 (Bq kg−1) for potassium-40. Individual herbs with the highest activity levels were found to be 20.71 ± 1.52 (Bq kg−1) for uranium-238 (H4, Thyme herb), 29.35 ± 1.33 (Bq kg−1) for thorium-232 (H20, Cinnamon), and 1181.2 ± 25.5 (Bq kg−1) for potassium-40 (H24, Worm-wood). (AACED) Ingestion-related effective doses over the course of a year of uranium-238 and thorium-232, as well as potassium-40 estimated from measured activity concentrations, are 0.002304 ± 0.00009 (minimum), 0.50869 ± 0.0002 (maximum), and 0.0373 ± 0.0004 (average)(mSv/yr). Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE), absorbed gamma dose rate (Doutdoor, Dindoor), gamma representative level index (I), annual effective dose (AEDtotal), external and internal hazard index (Hex, Hin), and excess lifetime cancer risk were determined in medicinal plants (ELCR). The radiological hazards assessment revealed that the investigated plant species have natural radioactivity levels that are well within the internationally recommended limit. This is the first time that the natural radioactivity of therapeutic plants has been measured in Egypt. In addition, no artificial radionuclide (for example, 137Cs) was discovered in any of the samples. Therefore, the current findings are intended to serve as the foundation for establishing a standard safety and guideline for using these therapeutic plants in Egypt.
A Design Contribution to Ergonomic PC Mice Development
Authors: Lourenço Miguel L. , Pitarma Rui A. , Coelho Denis A.
Published: July 2022

Developing new manual computer pointing devices abiding to the requirements set out in ergonomic product design literature necessitates joining contributions from several areas, including the ergonomic guidelines applicable to hand tool design, human–system interaction, and certain user characteristics such as anthropometric data. Computer mice are hand tools enabling the interaction with the computer, for use by people from both sexes and practically all ages. Moreover, the PC mouse’s intensive usage is able to cause musculoskeletal disorders. This paper reports on a study aimed at developing new computer mouse shapes, reducing forearm pronation, and providing hand–palm holding, supported by a literature review and an adequate design methodology, starting from known shapes of commercial products, the traditional (horizontal) computer mouse, and the vertical computer mouse. In this regard, potential concepts were generated as solutions to the previously specified problem through a set of creative tasks based on the specifications. Four new shapes were proposed to be evaluated through an assessment matrix; as a result, two new PC mice geometries were designed and fully prototyped. This study also reports on selected results of usability and an electromyographic evaluation of the prototypes against three commercial PC mice (horizontal, slanted, and vertical) by a sample of 20 participants, supporting validation of the development process and the newly developed geometries, with emphasis on the slanted conical innovative shape.
Pedagogical Concerns in Sports and Physical Education for Child Growth and Health Promotion
Authors: Branquinho Luís , Forte Pedro , Ferraz Ricardo
Published: July 2022

Participation in physical activities plays an important role in and positively influences health and well-being [...]
Stakeholders’ Perception of the Palestinian Health Workforce Accreditation and Regulation System: A Focus on Conceptualization, Influencing Factors and Barriers, and the Way Forward
Authors: Najjar Shahenaz , Hafez Sali , Al Basuoni Aisha , Obaid Hassan Abu , Mughnnamin Ibrahim , Falana Hiba , Sultan Haya , Aljeesh Yousef , Alkhaldi Mohammed
Published: July 2022

The Health Workforce Accreditation and Regulation (HWAR) is a key function of the health system and is the subject of increasing global attention. This study provides an assessment of the factors affecting the Palestinian HWAR system, identifies existing gaps and offers actionable improvement solutions. Data were collected during October and November 2019 in twenty-two semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with experts, academics, leaders, and policymakers purposely selected from government, academia, and non-governmental organizations. The overall perceptions towards HWAR were inconsistent. The absence of a consolidated HWAR system has led to a lack of communication between actors. Environmental factors also affect HWAR in Palestine. The study highlighted the consensus on addressing further development of HWAR and the subsequent advantages of this enhancement. The current HWAR practices were found to be based on personal initiatives rather than on a systematic evidence-based approach. The need to strengthen law enforcement was raised by numerous participants. Additional challenges were identified, including the lack of knowledge exchange and salary adjustments. HWAR in Palestine needs to be strengthened on the national, institutional, and individual levels through clear and standardized operating processes. All relevant stakeholders should work together through an integrated national accreditation and regulation system.
Evaluation of Common Factors of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with the Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Dembowska Elżbieta , Jaroń Aleksandra , Gabrysz-Trybek Ewa , Bladowska Joanna , Trybek Grzegorz
Published: July 2022

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease causing inflammatory destruction of supporting structures of the dentition and eventually leading to its loss. This study was designed to evaluate common risk factors for periodontitis and acute coronary syndrome in the study population and demonstrate the systemic impact of periodontitis on the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome. A total of 160 patients (35 female and 125 male) were enrolled in the study. Considering the age range, the largest group of patients (118 patients) was between 55 and 65 years, which accounted for 73.8% of the total study population. There were 35 patients (21.9%) in the age group of 45 to 54 years, while the youngest age group of 35 to 44 years had as many as seven patients. Medical history and physical examination, including periodontal status, were performed. API, PD, CAL, and CPITN were evaluated. Common risk factors for periodontitis and acute coronary syndrome were assessed. The study assessed risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, general health, smoking, height, weight, and hip circumference. In light of the above-described etiopathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease and its association with periodontal disease, it is important to emphasize preventing and treating periodontitis, especially in patients in the so-called high-risk group for cardiovascular disease. Dentists’ introduction of an appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic plan may constitute both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Economic and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Are Predictors of Lower Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Levels in Hispanic/Latinx Adults with Euthyroidism—A Community-Based Study
Authors: Martinez Sabrina Sales , Gutierrez Margaret , Delgado-Enciso Ivan , Maisonet Jezabel , Pierre Aydevis Jean , Campa Adriana , Kallus Laura , Diaz Martinez Janet
Published: July 2022

Thyroid hormone abnormalities are among the most common endocrine disorders comorbidly suffered alongside metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and within the euthyroid range they may also impact other outcomes, such as mood disorders. This study aimed to observationally examine the relationship between TSH and social determinants of health and clinical measures in a euthyroid Hispanic/Latinx patient sample with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression disorders from a community health clinic. A needs assessment was completed using a random sample of 100 de-identified medical records of individuals who received free medical care, including mental health, at a community-based clinic. Those with low normal TSH (<2 mIU/L) compared with high normal TSH (≥2 mIU/L) had a greater odds of food insecurity (p = 0.016) and being at 100% of the federal poverty level (p = 0.015). The low normal TSH group had significantly higher fasting glucose (p = 0.046), hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.018), and total cholesterol (p = 0.034) compared with the high normal TSH group. In those with T2DM, individuals with low normal TSH had six-times greater odds of having high fasting glucose (p = 0.022) and high hemoglobin A1c (p = 0.029). These relationships warrant further study, to inform future public health policies and follow-up care for underserved and vulnerable communities.
The Influence of Selected Food Safety Practices of Consumers on Food Waste Due to Its Spoilage
Authors: Tomaszewska Marzena , Bilska Beata , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta
Published: July 2022

Food waste in households is a consequence of the accumulation of improper practices employed by consumers when dealing with food. The survey estimated the impact of practices of Polish respondents, in the context of selected food safety and hygiene issues, on throwing away food due to spoilage. The survey was conducted in 2019, in a random quota-based, nationwide sample of 1115 respondents 18 years old and older. Synthetic indicators (SI) were created to assess the knowledge and practices of Polish adult respondents concerning selected areas of food management and the frequency of throwing food away. Most food products were not thrown away at all or were thrown away occasionally. Regression analysis revealed that the frequency of throwing food away was to the greatest extent related to food spoilage (β = 0.223). Among the five areas of Polish respondents’ practices covered by the analysis, the most conducive to wasting food due to spoilage were improper proceedings with food after bringing it home (β = 0.135; p = 0.000), a failure to ensure proper food storage conditions (β = 0.066; p = 0.030), or inappropriate proceedings with uneaten meals, excluding the food plate (β = 0.066; p = 0.029). To reduce food waste in Polish households, drawing the attention of consumers to the conditions of food storage at home seems appropriate. It is also vital to convince them to use freezing of uneaten food as an effective method of extending the life of food products.
Impacts of Antibiotic Residues in the Environment on Bacterial Resistance and Human Health in Eastern China: An Interdisciplinary Mixed-Methods Study Protocol
Authors: Cai Shenghan , Wang Na , Xu Like , Yan Fei , Jiang Qingwu , Zhao Xinping , Wang Wei , Wang Hexing , Jiang Lufang , Cong Wenjuan , Sheppard Samuel K. , Weeks Jason , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara , Fu Chaowei , Lambert Helen
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge that threatens human and animal lives, especially among low-income and vulnerable populations in less-developed countries. Its multi-factorial nature requires integrated studies on antibiotics and resistant bacteria in humans, animals, and the environment. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the situation and management of antibiotic use and environmental transmission, this paper describes a study protocol to document human exposure to antibiotics from major direct and indirect sources, and its potential health outcomes. Our mixed-methods approach addresses both microbiological and pathogen genomics, and epidemiological, geospatial, anthropological, and sociological aspects. Implemented in two rural residential areas in two provinces in Eastern China, linked sub-studies assess antibiotic exposure in population cohorts through household surveys, medicine diaries, and biological sampling; identify the types and frequencies of antibiotic resistance genes in humans and food-stock animals; quantify the presence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment, including wastewater; investigate the drivers and behaviours associated with human and livestock antibiotic use; and analyse the national and local policy context, to propose strategies and systematic measurements for optimising and monitoring antibiotic use. As a multidisciplinary collaboration between institutions in the UK and China, this study will provide an in-depth understanding of the influencing factors and allow comprehensive awareness of the complexity of AMR and antibiotic use in rural Eastern China.
Effects of Residential Environmental Screening and Perception Surveys on Superfund Environmental Health Risk Perceptions
Authors: Nagisetty Raja M. , Macgregor William B. , Hutchins David , Autenrieth Daniel A. , Plant Alyssa M.
Published: July 2022

Residents at one of the nation’s largest and longest-operating Superfund sites (Butte, Montana) have expressed environmental health risk perceptions that often diverge from those of EPA and other official stakeholders responsible for the investigation and remediation of site contamination aimed at protecting human health and the environment. A random sample of Butte residents participated in a study of how home-based environmental screening influences environmental health perceptions. Participants completed surveys measuring environmental health perceptions before and after a home site screening of soil and drinking water for lead and arsenic conducted by the research team. Local air monitoring for the same contaminants was also completed during the study period. The home-based screening intervention improved the alignment of subjective participant environmental health perceptions with objective environmental screening measures. Key features of the process that helped achieve this effect included (1) co-locating the collection of participant perceptions and individualized screening measurements; (2) sharing environmental screening results in a clear and unbiased manner; and (3) conducting this work independent of agencies and organizations with direct responsibility for Superfund-related cleanup activities. Empowering residents of a Superfund community with knowledge of the specific kinds and levels of environmental contamination in their home environment may help overcome the gap between agency conclusions regarding environmental health risk and the perceptions of community members.
Gaseous Mercury Exchange from Water–Air Interface in Differently Impacted Freshwater Environments
Authors: Floreani Federico , Acquavita Alessandro , Barago Nicolò , Klun Katja , Faganeli Jadran , Covelli Stefano
Published: July 2022

Gaseous exchanges of mercury (Hg) at the water–air interface in contaminated sites strongly influence its fate in the environment. In this study, diurnal gaseous Hg exchanges were seasonally evaluated by means of a floating flux chamber in two freshwater environments impacted by anthropogenic sources of Hg, specifically historical mining activity (Solkan Reservoir, Slovenia) and the chlor-alkali industry (Torviscosa dockyard, Italy), and in a pristine site, Cavazzo Lake (Italy). The highest fluxes (21.88 ± 11.55 ng m−2 h−1) were observed at Solkan, coupled with high dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and dissolved Hg (THgD) concentrations. Conversely, low vertical mixing and saltwater intrusion at Torviscosa limited Hg mobility through the water column, with higher Hg concentrations in the deep layer near the contaminated sediments. Consequently, both DGM and THgD in surface water were generally lower at Torviscosa than at Solkan, resulting in lower fluxes (19.01 ± 12.65 ng m−2 h−1). However, at this site, evasion may also be limited by high atmospheric Hg levels related to dispersion of emissions from the nearby chlor-alkali plant. Surprisingly, comparable fluxes (15.56 ± 12.78 ng m−2 h−1) and Hg levels in water were observed at Cavazzo, suggesting a previously unidentified Hg input (atmospheric depositions or local geology). Overall, at all sites the fluxes were higher in the summer and correlated to incident UV radiation and water temperature due to enhanced photo production and diffusivity of DGM, the concentrations of which roughly followed the same seasonal trend.
Degradation and Detoxification of Chlorophenols with Different Structure by LAC-4 Laccase Purified from White-Rot Fungus Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Deng Wei , Zhao Wei , Yang Yang
Published: July 2022

A laccase named LAC-4 was purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Firstly, the enzymatic properties of purified LAC-4 laccase, and the degradation of three chlorophenol pollutants 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP), 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (2,3,6-TCP) and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) by LAC-4 were systematically studied. LAC-4 had a strong ability for 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation. The degradation ability of LAC-4 to 3-CP was significantly lower than that of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP. LAC-4 also had a good degradation effect on the chlorophenol mixture (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The results of kinetics of degradation of chlorophenols by LAC-4 suggested that the affinity of LAC-4 for 2,6-DCP was higher than 2,3,6-TCP. The catalytic efficiency and the catalytic rate of LAC-4 on 2,6-DCP were also significantly higher than 2,3,6-TCP. During degradation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, LAC-4 had a strong tolerance for high concentrations of different metal salts (such as MnSO4, ZnSO4, Na2SO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, K2SO4) and organic solvents (such as ethylene glycol and glycerol). Next, detoxification of chlorophenols by LAC-4 was also systematically explored. LAC-4 treatment had a strong detoxification ability and a good detoxification effect on the phytotoxicity of individual chlorophenols (2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP) and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP). The phytotoxicities of 2,6-DCP, 2,3,6-TCP and chlorophenol mixtures (2,6-DCP + 2,3,6-TCP) treated with LAC-4 were considerably reduced or eliminated. Finally, we focused on the degradation mechanisms and pathways of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP degradation by LAC-4. The putative transformation pathway of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP catalyzed by laccase was revealed for the first time. The free radicals formed by LAC-4 oxidation of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP produced dimers through polymerization. LAC-4 catalyzed the polymerization of 2,6-DCP and 2,3,6-TCP, forming dimer products. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,6-DCP into two main products: 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy) phenol and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl. LAC-4 catalyzed 2,3,6-TCP into two main products: 2,3,6-trichloro-4-(2,3,6-trichlorophenoxy) phenol and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′-hexachloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diol.
Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy for Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Santos Alicia , Crespo Iris , Pérez-Aranda Adrián , Beltrán-Ruiz María , Puebla-Guedea Marta , García-Campayo Javier
Published: July 2022

Fibromyalgia patients often experience anxiety and depressive symptoms; however, validated interventions show only limited efficacy. This pilot study analyzed the effects of a 16-session version of attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT-16) for improving anxiety and depressive symptomatology, as well as self-compassion and decentering, in 11 fibromyalgia patients. Scales were assessed at four time points: baseline, after sessions 8 and 16, and 3.5 months after the completion of the program. Significant improvements were found in all outcomes after the program, and most remained significant in the follow-up assessment. Our preliminary results suggest that ABCT-16 can be effective for improving anxiety and depressive symptomatology in fibromyalgia patients. Nonetheless, further studies with larger samples and control groups are necessary to confirm these results.
Efficacy of a Psycho-Educational and Socio-Emotional Intervention Programme for Adolescents
Authors: Sánchez-Herrera Susana , Guerrero-Barona Eloísa , Sosa-Baltasar Diana , Moreno-Manso Juan Manuel , Durán-Vinagre Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2022

The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a psycho-educational intervention programme. The objective of this programme was to achieve optimisation of self-concept and basic socio-emotional skills for comprehensive development in the adolescent stage. The sample consisted of 402 students from 19 groups from public secondary schools in the province of Badajoz. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was applied with a control group using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Self-Concept Form 5, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The analysis showed that the programme was effective in the family and social dimensions of self-concept, while in the other dimensions, the changes were not statistically significant. The results for emotion perception, understanding and regulation show that there were no statistically significant differences in the experimental group, although there were significant differences in the control group.
The Influence of Walking Limitations on Daily Life: A Mixed-Methods Study of 14 Persons with Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Brogårdh Christina , Lexell Jan , Hammarlund Catharina Sjödahl
Published: July 2022

Reduced walking ability is common in persons with late effects of polio (LEoP). Here, we explored how many walking limitations persons with LEoP perceive, and how these limitations influence daily life, by using a mixed-methods design. Fourteen persons (mean age 70 years, whereof 7 women) with LEoP responded to the Walking Impact Scale (Walk-12), and were interviewed individually. Qualitative data were analysed by systematic text condensation, and each quotation was deductively analysed in relation to the items in Walk-12. Running was perceived as most limited, whereas walking indoors without using support was perceived as least limited. A majority (>70%) were moderately to extremely limited in standing or walking, in walking speed and distance, which affected concentration and effort, as well as gait quality aspects. The limited walking ability intruded on many everyday activities, both indoors and outdoors, which affected social participation negatively. To increase safety when walking and reduce the fall risk, various strategies were adopted such as using aids, walking carefully, and avoiding risky activities. In conclusion, LEoP-related walking limitations influence participants’ activity and participation greatly. By using both the Walk-12 scale and face-to-face interviews, an increased understanding of how walking limitations influence everyday life was achieved.
Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Palma Emanuel Missias Silva , de Sousa Anderson Reis , Teixeira Jules Ramon Brito , Moreira Wanderson Carneiro , de Araújo Ana Caroline Monteiro , Souza Luiz Filipe Vieira , dos Anjos Júlio Cézar Ramos , de Almeida Portela Hannah Souza , de Carvalho Herica Emilia Félix , de Oliveira Muniz Vinícius , Barreto Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira , Almeida Éric Santos , Mota Tilson Nunes , dos Santos Sélton Diniz , da Silva Souza Antônio Tiago , da Silva Josielson Costa , Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , de Queiroz Aline Macêdo , Fortes Júnior Edmar José , das Merces Magno Conceição , Lima Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida , da Silva Francisca Michelle Duarte , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Servo Maria Lúcia Silva , de Santana Carvalho Evanilda Souza , Barros Sônia , De Araújo Tânia Maria , de Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira , de Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa
Published: July 2022

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health.
Northern Hemisphere Urban Heat Stress and Associated Labor Hour Hazard from ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Lee Shih-Yu , Lung Shih-Chun Candice , Chiu Ping-Gin , Wang Wen-Cheng , Tsai I-Chun , Lin Thung-Hong
Published: July 2022

Increasing surface air temperature is a fundamental characteristic of a warming world. Rising temperatures have potential impacts on human health through heat stress. One heat stress metric is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into consideration the effects of radiation, humidity, and wind speed. It also has broad health and environmental implications. This study presents wet-bulb globe temperatures calculated from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis and combines it with health guidelines to assess heat stress variability and the potential for reduction in labor hours over the past decade on both the continental and urban scale. Compared to 2010–2014, there was a general increase in heat stress during the period from 2015 to 2019 throughout the northern hemisphere, with the largest warming found in tropical regions, especially in the northern part of the Indian Peninsula. On the urban scale, our results suggest that heat stress might have led to a reduction in labor hours by up to ~20% in some Asian cities subject to work–rest regulations. Extremes in heat stress can be explained by changes in radiation and circulation. The resultant threat is highest in developing countries in tropical areas where workers often have limited legal protection and healthcare. The effect of heat stress exposure is therefore a collective challenge with environmental, economic, and social implications.
Optimization of PNP Degradation by UV-Activated Granular Activated Carbon Supported Nano-Zero-Valent-Iron-Cobalt Activated Persulfate by Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhang Jiankun , Zhang Huifang , Chen Lei , Fan Xiulei , Yang Yangyang
Published: July 2022

Nitrophenols are toxic substances that present humans and animals with the risk of deformities, mutations, or cancer when ingested or inhaled. Traditional water treatment technologies have high costs and low p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal efficiency. Therefore, an ultraviolet (UV)-activated granular activated carbon supported nano-zero-valent-iron-cobalt (Co-nZVI/GAC) activated persulfate (PS) system was constructed to efficiently degrade PNP with Co-nZVI/GAC dosage, PS concentration, UV power, and pH as dependent variables and PNP removal rate as response values. A mathematical model between the factors and response values was developed using a central composite design (CCD) model. The model-fitting results showed that the PNP degradation rate was 96.7%, close to the predicted value of 98.05 when validation tests were performed under Co-nZVI/GAC injection conditions of 0.827 g/L, PS concentration of 3.811 mmol/L, UV power of 39.496 W, and pH of 2.838. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the response surface methodology for optimizing the UV-activated Co-nZVI/GAC-activated PS degradation of PNP.
Predicting Suicide in Counties: Creating a Quantitative Measure of Suicide Risk
Authors: Mobley Kate , Taasoobshirazi Gita
Published: July 2022

Rising rates of suicide over the past two decades have increased the need for wide-ranging suicide prevention efforts. One approach is to target high-risk groups, which requires the identification of the characteristics of these population sub-groups. This suicidology study was conducted using large-scale, secondary data to answer the question: using the research on suicide, are there variables studied at the community level that are linked to suicide and are measurable using quantitative, demographic data that are already collected and updated? Data on deaths from suicide in U.S. counties for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were analyzed using multiple regression, longitudinal regression, and cluster analysis. Results indicated that the suicide rate in a county can be predicted by measuring the financial stability of the residents, the quality of mental health in the county, and the economic opportunity in the county. The results are further analyzed using two sociological theories, Social Strain Theory and the Theory of Anomie, and two psychological theories, the Shame Model and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide.
Modeling the Dynamic Exclusive Pedestrian Phase Based on Transportation Equity and Cost Analysis
Authors: Lu Yining , Wang Tao , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Li Chaoyang , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2022

The exclusive pedestrian phase (EPP) has proven to be an effective method of eliminating pedestrian–vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections. The existing EPP setting conditions take traffic efficiency and safety as optimization goals, which may contribute to unfair interactions between vehicles and pedestrians. This study develops a multiobjective optimization framework to determine the EPP setting criteria, with consideration for the tradeoff between transportation equity and cost. In transportation equity modeling and considering environmental conditions, the transportation equity index is proposed to quantify pedestrian–vehicle equity differences. In cost modeling, traffic safety and efficiency factors are converted into monetary values, and the pedestrian–vehicle interaction is introduced. To validate the proposed optimization framework, a video-based data collection is conducted on wet and dry environment conditions at the selected intersection. The parameters in the proposed model are calibrated based on the results of the video analysis. This study compares the performance of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA) and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) methods in building the sets of nondominated solutions. The optimization results show that the decrease in transportation equity will lead to an increase in cost. The obtained Pareto front approximations correspond to diverse signal timing patterns and achieve a balance between optimizing either objective to different extents. The sensitivity analysis reveals the application domains for the EPP and the traditional two-way control phase (TWC) under different vehicular/pedestrian demand, yielding rate, and environment conditions. The EPP control is more suitable at intersections with high pedestrian volumes and low yielding rates, especially in wet conditions. The results provide operational guidelines for decision-makers for properly selecting the pedestrian phase pattern at signalized intersections.
Analyzing Successful Aging and Longevity: Risk Factors and Health Promoters in 2020 Older Adults
Authors: Kashtanova Daria A. , Taraskina Anastasiia N. , Erema Veronika V. , Akopyan Anna A. , Ivanov Mikhail V. , Strazhesko Irina D. , Akinshina Alexandra I. , Yudin Vladimir S. , Makarov Valentin V. , Kraevoy Sergey A. , Korolev Denis E. , Tarasova Irina V. , Beloshevskaya Olga A. , Mkhitaryan Elen A. , Tkacheva Olga N. , Yudin Sergey M.
Published: July 2022

Geriatric syndromes (GSs) and aging-associated diseases (AADs) are common side effects of aging. They are affecting the lives of millions of older adults and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. It is imperative to study the factors causing these conditions and develop a holistic framework for their management. The so-called long-lived individuals—people over the age of 90 who managed to retain much of their health and functionality—could be holding the key to understanding these factors and their health implications. We analyzed the health status and lifestyle of the long-lived individuals and identified risk factors for GSs. Family history greatly contributes to the health and prevention of cognitive decline in older adults. Lifestyle and certain socioeconomic factors such as education, the age of starting to work and retiring, job type and income level, physical activity, and hobby were also associated with certain GSs. Moreover, the levels of total protein, albumin, alpha-1 globulins, high-density lipoprotein, free triiodothyronine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were direct indicators of the current health status. The proposed mathematical model allows the prediction of successful aging based on family history, social and economic factors, and life-long physical activity (f1 score = 0.72, AUC = 0.68, precision = 0.83 and recall = 0.64).