bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of a Bilingual mHealth Social Media Intervention to Increase Care Engagement Among Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women With HIV
Authors: Rhodes Scott D. , Tanner Amanda E. , Mann-Jackson Lilli , Alonzo Jorge , Song Eunyoung Y. , Smart Benjamin D. , Garcia Manuel , McCoy Thomas P. , Schafer Katherine R. , Wilkin Aimee M.
Published: October 2022

Background

The North Carolina Community Research Partnership developed, implemented, and tested weCare, a 12-month bilingual mHealth social media intervention designed to reduce missed HIV care appointments and increase viral suppression among racially/ethnically diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and transgender women living with HIV by harnessing established social media platforms (i.e., Facebook, texting, and dating apps).

Methods

We randomized 198 GBMSM and transgender women (mean age = 26) living with HIV to the weCare intervention ( n = 100) or usual-care ( n = 98) group. Inclusion criteria included being newly diagnosed or not in care. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month postintervention follow-up (18 months after baseline data collection). HIV care appointment and viral load data were abstracted from each participant’s electronic health record at baseline and follow-up. Follow-up retention was 85.5%.

Results

Among participants, 94% self-identified as cisgender men, 6% as transgender, 64% as African American/Black, and 13% as Latine. Participants in both groups significantly reduced missed HIV care appointments and increased viral suppression at follow-up compared with baseline. However, there were no significant differences between weCare and usual-care participants for either outcome at follow-up.

Conclusions

An intervention effect was not identified for our two primary outcomes. Several factors may have influenced the lack of significant differences between weCare and usual-care participants at follow-up, including intervention implementation (e.g., staffing changes and lack of fidelity to the intervention as originally designed by the partnership), data collection (e.g., data collection time points and retention strategies), and clinical (e.g., contamination) factors.
Livestock Owners’ Perception on the Impact of Ghibe-III Hydroelectric Dam on Bovine Trypanosomosis, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wudneh Solomon Mekuria
Published: October 2022

Background:

Trypanosomosis is an endemic livestock disease in Ethiopia. The problem prevails mainly in the South, Southwest, and Northwest regions following main rivers and their tributaries.

Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Loma and Kindo Didaye districts near the Ghibe-III hydroelectric dam, to compare dam impact upstream and downstream, from January 2019 to June 2020. Two hundred standardized questionnaire surveys were administered. The questionnaire included biography, livestock population before and after dam construction, knowledge of major livestock diseases, clinical signs, transmission, seasonality, and wildlife population status was assessed. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U Test.

Results and discussion:

A total of 189 questionnaires were returned out of 200 questionnaires administered. Among the respondents, the majorities were males and had an average age of 39.4 + 10.6. In all herd size levels, there was no significant ( P > .05) difference before dam construction between the 2 districts; whereas, statistically significant ( P < .05) large and medium herd sizes increased by 16%(95% CI: 0.5, 31.5) after dam construction in Loma district; whereas, the same herd size reduced by 20%(95% CI:0,43.7) after dam construction with statistically significant( P < .05) difference. Bovine trypanosomosis ranked first among major diseases. Knowledge of clinical signs, transmission, and seasonality of trypanosomosis was consistent with the literature. 87.8% of respondents in Loma associated reduction of trypanosomosis and tsetse population, but 77% of Kindo Didaye respondents perceived no change in prevalence after dam construction. More reduction in wildlife population was observed upstream than downstream, health services improved, and disease outbreaks and cattle deaths were reduced. Studies in African countries indicate the reduction in tsetse apparent density and absences of wildlife contributed to the reduction of trypanosomosis.

CONCLUSION:

An increased herd size, reduced trypanosomosis prevalence, and wildlife population observed upstream, indicate artificial Lake has an impact on tsetse apparent density. Therefore, follow-up of the disease prevalence and investigation of drug resistance is recommended to prove the situation in the study area.
‘Accidental’ procedural justice: The Finnish approach to policing
Authors: Laird Anthony , Charman Sarah
Published: October 2022

At a time when policing agencies are coming under increased scrutiny, the Finnish police are, reportedly, achieving very high levels of public trust. This article reports on the findings of research conducted into the Finnish approach to policing and considers whether and to what extent Finnish policing shows tendencies towards procedural justice. A mixed methods survey and focus groups approach was used to collect primary data that provided novel insight into the nature of policing in Finland from the perspective of police officers. The key findings of this research indicate that the Finnish police are operating in an apparently ‘accidental’ procedurally just manner. Rather than a fully planned implementation of procedural justice theory, a combination of cultural, legal and operational elements seems to have aligned to produce a form of policing that reportedly inspires high levels of trust and/or legitimacy in the general public. However, it was found that Finnish police officers are currently operating under high levels of fatigue and stress. Indeed, this may be compounded by the reported dissatisfaction with certain elements of the management structure and internal communication methods. Although many of the participants in this research appeared to have intentions very similar to those of procedural justice, it would seem that these are coincidental rather than an institutional application of procedural justice theory.
All Lines Flow In: excavating the geophilosophical relations of Singapore’s infrastructure through SEA STATE
Authors: Jamieson William
Published: October 2022

Infrastructure has proven a polyvalent concept in human geography and anthropology for exploring the intersection of the social and technical. However, the ‘below’ of infrastructure, the infra, has remained underexamined in its relationship to the state, territory and the earth. This article proposes that infrastructure is better understood as a geophilosophical relation that renders a set of relations a subsurface for the propagation of another: it designates a socio-natural ground for political-economic figuration. It outlines the geophilosophical relations of infrastructure through thinking with the project SEA STATE by Singaporean artist Charles Lim, a series of artworks which document Singapore’s infrastructural underside, which Lim terms the sea-state, and provides a conceptual elaboration of SEA STATE’s aesthetic figures. In positing the continuity of figures across the sea-state’s varied infrastructures, SEA STATE exposes the colonial trajectory of its infrastructural systems, the contingencies it churns up as it endeavours to maintain its place in the world market, and the fundamental inversion of figure and ground the sea-state has effectuated. This inversion is all the more evident when we consider the expansive land reclamation projects of modern Singapore, wherein its territory has become infrastructure for bespoke logistical and petrochemical concerns, and will continue until the end of the century under the auspices of mitigating sea level rise. As the geological imaginary of the Anthropocene begins to seep into infrastructural anxieties of maintenance, breakdown and inundation, with governments and policymakers demanding that nature itself become infrastructure, it is critical to trace the longue durée of these infrastructural formations, how their continuities are remade and reiterated by the demands of subsequent historical-geographical junctures, and how the designation of figure and ground can ultimately result in the figure becoming the condition of possibility for its ground, requiring its continual reproduction.
Comparison of open- and closed-loop operating strategies for exhaust gas scrubbing in marine applications: Modeling and sea-trial data
Authors: Lee Ihsuan , Chang Ting , Chang Changken , Truong Van Dai Hai , Ward Jeffrey D
Published: October 2022

A model of a hybrid marine engine exhaust gas scrubber is constructed using sea-trial data and a chemical process simulator. The model can describe the performance of the scrubber under both open-loop and closed-loop operation. Predictions for solubility and reaction equilibria are validated using published data. The model results are consistent with the sea-trial data. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the effect of various operating parameters on the scrubbing performance for both open-loop and closed-loop operation.
Profiles of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hall Maisie , Hill Emily , Moreland Georgia , Hales George K. , Boduszek Daniel , Debowska Agata
Published: October 2022

Person-centered approaches, such as latent class analysis (LCA) and latent profile analysis (LPA), aid the identification of subgroups within sample populations. These methods can identify the patterns of co-occurrence between different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV), providing valuable information for prevention and intervention efforts. The aim of this systematic review was to yield a summary and conduct a critical evaluation of the current research that utilizes LCA/LPA to investigate IPV victimization profiles. We provide an outline of 14 relevant studies, retrieved from searches conducted on PsycInfo, Scopus, and Eric databases. There was a large amount of variability in relation to the forms of IPV assessed, measures utilized, number of classes identified, and the sample populations recruited. However, broad similarities were revealed as there were some commonly identified classes, including the no/low violence class, the physical and psychological victimization class, and the multiple victimization class, yet the labels assigned to those classes differed across studies. A range of external criteria (risk factors and consequences) were also identified as being associated with class membership. We highlight the methodological features which may have impacted data collection and class enumeration, including the differences in sample population, the range of IPV indicators assessed, the time period from which IPV data were recorded, and whether data were collected regarding participants’ current or previous relationships. Marginalized populations were underrepresented, and psychological abuse was most inconsistently operationalized. Recommendations for future research are provided, including recommendations with regard to labeling the classes for greater consistency across studies.
Evaluation of Services for the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Bo-Kyung Elizabeth , Dierkhising Carly B. , De Leon Jessenia , Sandoval Jacquelyne , Brissett Alyssa , Bounds Dawn
Published: October 2022

Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of youth is a public health issue with multiple negative consequences. Despite the complexities and comprehensiveness of service needs for youth experiencing CSE, the evidence base of effective services and programs lags far behind. This scoping review seeks to identify the most up-to-date evidence on programs for youth experiencing CSE that have been evaluated and found to be effective. We conducted a scoping review of current literature, including peer-reviewed articles as well as gray literature using a scientific approach to identify programs and service provisions specifically focused on youth experiencing CSE and examine empirical evidence for their effectiveness. A comprehensive search of five databases was completed in September 2020 then updated in April 2021 to identify relevant publications from January 1, 2000 to present. Additional program mining was conducted on evaluations of programs mentioned in the search results. A total of 3,597 citations from the database searches were screened for title and abstract and 190 citations were included for full-text review. The search process yielded 11 eligible articles with one additional report found through program mining. Identified programs targeted youth, providers, and consumers of CSE. While scientific rigor was not high, all included studies reported positive outcomes. Evidence base for effective services and programs is sparse. While more programs and services are being developed, studies should use rigorous research designs to test the effectiveness of these programs and services. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Life Balance While Working from Home: A Review of the Research Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shirmohammadi Melika , Chan Au Wee , Beigi Mina
Published: October 2022

We present a systematic review of 48 studies conducted between March 2020 and March 2022 that examined work-life balance (WLB) among those who worked from home. We propose a conceptual framework that organizes the antecedents and outcomes of WLB based on resource loss and gain. Resource loss occurred when employees faced stressors such as perceived work intensity, workspace limitations, technostress, professional isolation, work interdependence, housework intensity, care work intensity, and emotional demands. Resource gain was likely when employees were supported by resources such as work supervisors and family members, received job autonomy, and were personally adaptable. Our findings have resonance for remote work contexts beyond the pandemic by seeking patterns across the literature that examined WLB while working from home. We contextualize antecedents and outcomes of WLB and suggest stressors and resources that impact WLB are dynamically related. Our review informs HRD practitioners as they manage the post-pandemic remote work.
Are There Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Management and Outcomes of Surgically Treated Distal Radius Fractures?
Authors: Dhanjani Suraj A. , Gomez Gabriela , Rogers Davis , LaPorte Dawn
Published: October 2022

Background:

Racial/ethnic disparities have been demonstrated across multiple orthopedic sub-specialties. There is a paucity of literature examining disparities in distal radius fracture (DRF) management.

Methods:

Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we analyzed 15 559 non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, NH Asian, and Hispanic adults who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for DRF from 2013 to 2019. We evaluated time from hospital admission to surgery and length of stay using Poisson regression. Deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism (PE), and wound complications were reported using descriptive statistics. Thirty-day reoperation and readmission were analyzed using binary logistic regression.

Results:

Wait time to surgery was longer for Hispanic patients than NH White patients (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 2.54, P < .001); this narrowed over time (IRR: 0.944, P = .047). Length of stay was longer for NH Black (IRR: 1.78, P < .001) and Hispanic patients (IRR: 1.83, P < .001), but shorter for NH Asian (IRR: 0.715, P = .019) than NH White patients; this temporally narrowed for NH Black patients (IRR: 0.908, P = .001). Deep venous thrombosis, PE, and wound complications occurred at a rate less than 0.30% across all groups. Hispanic patients were less likely to undergo reoperation than NH White patients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.254, P = .003). While there was no difference in readmission between groups in the aggregated study period, NH Black patients experienced a temporal increase in readmissions relative to NH White patients (OR: 1.40, P = .038).

Conclusions:

Racial and ethnic disparities exist in DRF management. Further investigation on causes for and solutions to combat these disparities in DRF care may help improve the inequities observed.
Dialectics of distributed leadership in an interorganizational entrepreneurship hub
Authors: Kajamaa Anu , Tuunainen Juha
Published: October 2022

In this study, we widen the understanding of how the dialectics of distributed leadership develop as part of discursive interactions in an interorganizational setting directed at renewal. Using a dialectical perspective, we analyzed developmental meetings of an entrepreneurship hub and identified three dialectics, namely disagreement versus encouragement, organizational dependency versus interorganizational engagement and status quo versus transformation, by which the discussion reached the resolution. Our study widens the current understanding of distributed leadership and offers a nuanced account of how dissent and consent act as equally important forces for the development of the distributed leadership practice, as well as for reaching the collective resolution directed at organizational renewal. Our study also highlights the significance of co-created visual representations for converting complex discursive dialectics into a more tangible form. More generally, our study opens an approach in leadership to study tension-laden organizational dynamics in discursive and processual terms, especially in complex interorganizational contexts.
A qualitative study of the long-term consequences and adaptation in daily life after replantation surgery at a young age
Authors: Rosberg Hans-Eric , Dahlin Lars B , Carlsson Ingela K
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Impaired functioning is seen in patients following replantation surgery to the thumb or fingers. Our aim was to explore long-term consequences and adaptation in daily life after a thumb and/or multiple finger amputation followed by replantation surgery during young age.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine recruited individuals and analysed using content analysis. The participants were asked to describe their hand function, pain, appearance, emotional consequences, impact on daily life and strategies for overcoming daily challenges.

Results

The interviews revealed five main categories: memories of the injury and concerns for the future; hand function, pain and cold sensitivity; feelings about having a visibly different hand; adaptation to impairments and challenges in daily life; and key messages to healthcare professions and advice to future patients. The circumstances of the injury were well remembered. Pain at rest was rare but occurred when grasping. Cold sensitivity was a major issue. Appearance-related concerns varied from none to a major problem. Despite impaired hand function, solutions were found to challenges in daily life. Compensatory strategies, personal resources and support from others were important in this adaptation process.

Conclusions

Patients with replantation surgery after an amputation during young age adapt to challenges in daily life over time. Healthcare professionals should offer adequate support to enable emotional processing of trauma experience. Appearance-related concerns should be addressed to prevent distress. Information about alleviating strategies to overcome long-term problems with cold sensitivity should be emphasized.
The right of a platform worker to decide whether and when to work: An obstacle to their employee status?
Authors: Rosin Annika
Published: October 2022

The employment status of platform workers has been vividly discussed in recent years. Digital platforms often argue that the workers’ freedom to decide whether and when to work speaks to their self-employment. The scarce case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as well as the new proposal for a Directive on platform work appears to indicate that opinion is shared. However, the Member States can guarantee better protection to platform workers. The working arrangements of platform workers are similar to zero-hours work in which the worker also has the right to refuse offered tasks. In some countries, such as Finland, zero-hours workers are explicitly considered as employees. Nevertheless, the general definition of the employment contract requires the commitment on behalf of the employee to perform work. This contradiction makes the employment status of zero-hours workers as well as platform workers unclear.

In this article I analyse whether and how the right to decide whether and when to work affects the employment status of food delivery couriers working through digital platforms. I use Wolt and Foodora as examples. The issue is analysed in the light of Finnish regulation and European Union law.

I argue that even though the case law of the CJEU and the proposal for a Directive on platform work regard the right of a food delivery courier to decide whether and when to work as evidence against their employee status, the couriers can obtain this status through the regulation of zero-hours contracts. Regardless of the fact that generally the conclusion of an employment contract requires the commitment on behalf of the worker to perform work, zero-hours workers are explicitly and exceptionally exempted from this requirement. As the couriers can be classified as zero-hours workers, their freedom to choose whether and when to work does not preclude their classification as employees.
Risk factors of aortic regurgitation progression in Chinese patients with Takayasu’s arteritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yujiao , Ma Lili , Sun Ying , Yu Wensu , Wu Sifan , Chen Huiyong , Dai Xiaomin , Ma Lingying , Jiang Lindi
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To elucidate the 3-year follow-up outcomes and risk factors associated with aortic regurgitation progression in Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK).

Methods:

This study was a prospective cohort study conducted among 77 patients with TAK at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China. All the participants were followed up and assessed with echocardiography for 3 years, and the baseline characteristics and dynamic changes in the aortic valve were recorded and investigated. A multivariable Cox model was used to explore the risk factors for aortic regurgitation progression.

Results:

The median onset age was 36.9 (26.0–44.4) years, and 57 patients (74.0%) were females. Fifty patients (64.9%) complained of aortic regurgitation, which was the most common valvular lesion at baseline. During the 3-year follow-up period, the progression of aortic regurgitation was observed in 29 (37.7%) patients with TAK. The progression group had higher baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.013) and interleukin (IL)-6 ( p = 0.029) levels and lower early treatment remission rates ( p = 0.024). According to the Cox model, the elevated baseline IL-6 level [>13 pg/ml, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–5.8, p = 0.042] and absence of early treatment remission (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3–8.2, p = 0.010) were the independent risk factors for aortic regurgitation deterioration.

Conclusion:

About one-third of patients with TAK experienced aortic regurgitation progression within 3 years from first admission. Elevated IL-6 levels at baseline and absence of early treatment remission were the two important risk factors for subsequent aortic regurgitation progression.
Postcapitalist practices and human, economic, and cultural geographies
Authors: Nelson Anitra
Published: October 2022

This commentary engages with Callum Sutherland's article, ‘Mark Fisher and Reimagining Postcapitalist Geographies’ by outlining key characteristics of some contemporary prefigurative hybrids pointing towards postcapitalism. It offers certain exemplar developments of postcapitalist degrowth and ‘real valuist’ futures that indicate the potential, and challenges, for contemporary geographers to approach, engage with and expand into postcapitalist studies more formally. By way of an example – and well illustrating the significance Sutherland gives to grotesque stratigraphy – relations and activities of the degrowth formation Cargonomia are characterised by the principle of ‘frugal abundance’, a culturally transferable desire for meaning well beyond, and in antithesis to, precorporation. Real valuist imaginaries also epitomise Sutherland's explication of Fisher's acid communist politics and acid topological spatial imaginary of autonomy and commoning.
Prevalence of physical activity using validated tools among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Eastern Mediterranean region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Nemati Marjan Khabiri , Shaqfa Khalil Mostafa , Kakemam Edris
Published: October 2022

Many interventions have been taken around the world to limit the spread of COVID-19. These interventions have affected people’s lifestyles such as physical activity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of physical activity using validated tools among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Eastern Mediterranean region. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted in October 2021. We searched three electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) for English-language original articles of observational studies (cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies) with original data reporting the prevalence of physical activity among adults in 22 countries from EMR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hoy’s risk of Bias tool was applied to assess the biases in individual studies. The result was reported as a percentage for prevalence. A meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effect model with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 363 articles were retrieved. Finally, 15 articles were selected and included in the statistical analysis. The selected studies included 16,585 participants. The result of the meta-analysis showed that the overall physical activity was 51.6% (95% confidence interval: 42.1, 61: p = 0.745). The result of subgroup analysis based on different tools was 60.2%, 39.5%, 36.3%, 39.4%, and 55.2% for Global Physical Activity Questionnaire , The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire–BREF, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire–short form, respectively. Our study highlights the urgent need for large-scale measurement and reporting of physical activity and the use of standard tools that can allow for the regular assessment and screening of the PA prevalence to support evidence-informed policy and programs development at both national and regional levels.
Retropharyngeal involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Oliva Rocio , Ibrahim Osama , McCormick Winston , Yalcindag Ali , Dennehy Penelope
Published: October 2022

A diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children should be made in the appropriate context and after ruling out other infectious causes. At the same time, clinicians should be diligent as the initial presentation can be unusual and the clinical picture can evolve over time. We report a case that was initially diagnosed as a retropharyngeal infection that did not improve on appropriate antimicrobial coverage. However, as the clinical picture evolved, the patient was found to have multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and appropriately responded to immunomodulatory treatment. Pediatric infectious diseases practice has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 virus and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; data are still emerging as the pandemic evolves. We report this case and conduct literature review to expand the body of evidence about the association between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and retropharyngeal involvement.
The impact of consumers’ status - participant or nonparticipant - on the evaluation of empowerment strategies
Authors: Bachouche Hajer , Sabri Ouidade
Published: October 2022

Although the literature has documented the positive effects of empowerment strategies (empowerment to create and to select) for companies, the relative evaluation of these strategies as perceived by participants and nonparticipants has been neglected. Based on two qualitative studies ( N = 23), we show that participants engaged in empowerment campaigns value the empowerment to select (vs empowerment to create) more if they have low self-confidence and limited expertise relating to the requested task. In addition, we emphasize that the empowerment to create provides a richer overall experience for participants compared with the empowerment to select. Nonparticipants have a better evaluation of empowerment-to-create campaigns because of a stronger authenticity of the brands launching them and a more positive evaluation of participating consumers’ motivations. This research provides managerial recommendations for the successful deployment of empowerment strategies.
Effectiveness of a stepped-care programme of internet-based psychological interventions for healthcare workers with psychological distress: Study protocol for the RESPOND healthcare workers randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mediavilla Roberto , McGreevy Kerry R , Felez-Nobrega Mireia , Monistrol-Mula Anna , Bravo-Ortiz María-Fe , Bayón Carmen , Rodríguez-Vega Beatriz , Nicaise Pablo , Delaire Audrey , Sijbrandij Marit , Witteveen Anke B. , Purgato Marianna , Barbui Corrado , Tedeschi Federico , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith , McDaid David , Park A-La , Kalisch Raffael , Petri-Romão Papoula , Underhill James , Bryant Richard A. , Haro Josep Maria , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis ,   on behalf of the RESPOND Consortium
Published: October 2022

Background and aims

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has challenged health services worldwide, with a worsening of healthcare workers’ mental health within initial pandemic hotspots. In early 2022, the Omicron variant is spreading rapidly around the world. This study explores the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a stepped-care programme of scalable, internet-based psychological interventions for distressed health workers on self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods

We present the study protocol for a multicentre (two sites), parallel-group (1:1 allocation ratio), analyst-blinded, superiority, randomised controlled trial. Healthcare workers with psychological distress will be allocated either to care as usual only or to care as usual plus a stepped-care programme that includes two scalable psychological interventions developed by the World Health Organization: A guided self-help stress management guide (Doing What Matters in Times of Stress) and a five-session cognitive behavioural intervention (Problem Management Plus). All participants will receive a single-session emotional support intervention, namely psychological first aid. We will include 212 participants. An intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models will be conducted to explore the programme's effect on anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire – Anxiety and Depression Scale summary score at 21 weeks from baseline. Secondary outcomes include post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, resilience, quality of life, cost impact and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions

This study is the first randomised trial that combines two World Health Organization psychological interventions tailored for health workers into one stepped-care programme. Results will inform occupational and mental health prevention, treatment, and recovery strategies.

Registration details

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04980326.
A Case of Thyroid Storm Caused by Thyroiditis
Authors: Newman Katherine , Walthall Leonidas
Published: October 2022

Thyroid storm occurs when thyroid hormones are released causing a hyperadrenergic state resulting in potentially life-threatening cardio-respiratory effects. The most common cause of thyroid storm is thyrotoxicosis secondary to Graves disease. Alternatively, subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is usually a self-limited condition consisting of painful inflammation of thyroid gland, often associated with viral illness. Transient hyperthyroidism is a common finding in SAT; however, thyroid storm is an extremely rare complication of SAT. We report the sixth recorded case of SAT associated with thyroid storm.
Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose Manikin Simulation in Student Pharmacists
Authors: Ebied Alex M. , Jessee Jeremiah , Schwartz Shaina
Published: October 2022

Background: Pharmacists must be knowledgeable of medication use within the scope of both typical dosing and atypical dosing. In the United States, antidepressants are the fourth most common substance in overdose situations and are ranked first for serious exposures per year. Objective: The purpose of this study is to design, implement, and assess the efficacy of an antidepressant overdose simulation using a high-fidelity manikin. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study of third-year student pharmacists in spring 2021. This study was determined to be exempt by the institutional review board. Students who did not participate in the manikin simulation or complete both the pre- and postsimulation surveys were excluded. Student pharmacists were expected to identify the type of overdose, identify probable offending agent, and evaluate the hemodynamic status. Primary objectives compared student pharmacist knowledge, confidence in recognizing overdose, and confidence in managing overdose pre- and post-antidepressant overdose manikin simulation. Results: Twenty-three students completed both surveys and participated in the simulation. The knowledge total score was 2.1 ± 1.3 in the presimulation and 2.9 ± 0.9 in the postsimulation ( P < 0.001). The recognition confidence was 2.0 ± 1.3 in the presimulation and 3.7 ± 0.7 in the postsimulation ( P < 0.001). The management confidence was 1.8 ± 1.0 in the presimulation and 3.5 ± 0.5 in the postsimulation ( P < 0.001). Limitations in this study were small sample size, lack of rubric, and a case prompt. Conclusion: The outcomes were statistically significant postsimulation. Manikin simulations may have a larger impact on a pharmacy curriculum.
The effects of COVID-19 on respiratory muscle performance: making the case for respiratory muscle testing and training
Authors: Severin Richard , Franz Colin K. , Farr Ellen , Meirelles Cristiane , Arena Ross , Phillips Shane A. , Bond Sam , Ferraro Francesco , Faghy Mark
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in multiorgan damage primarily mediated by viral infiltrationviaangiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors on the surface of cells. A primary symptom for many patients is exertional dyspnoea which may persist even beyond recovery from the viral infection. Respiratory muscle (RM) performance was hypothesised as a contributing factor to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, such as dyspnoea, and outcomes. This was attributed to similarities between patient populations at elevated risk for severe COVID-19 symptoms and those with a greater likelihood of baseline RM weakness and the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation. More recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection itself may cause damage to the RM, and many patients who have recovered report persistent dyspnoea despite having mild cases, normal lung function or undamaged lung parenchyma. These more recent findings suggest that the role of RM in the persistent dyspnoea due to COVID-19 may be more substantial than originally hypothesised. Therefore, screening for RM weakness and providing interventions to improve RM performance appears to be important for patients with COVID-19. This article will review the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on RM performance and provide clinical recommendations for screening RM performance and treatment interventions.
Diagnostic yield and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy and surgical lung biopsy in interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Inês , Estêvão Gomes Ricardo , Coutinho Lígia Maria , Rego Maria Teresa , Machado Firmino , Morais António , Novais Bastos Helder
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is increasingly being used as an alternative to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) biopsy to establish the histopathologic pattern in interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods:

A systematic literature search of the PubMed and Embase databases, from October 2010 to October 2020, was conducted to identify studies that reported on diagnostic yield or safety of VATS or TBLC in the diagnosis of ILD.

Results:

43 studies were included. 23 evaluated the diagnostic yield of TBLC after multidisciplinary discussion, with a pooled diagnostic yield of 76.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 70.6–82.1), rising to 80.7% in centres that performed ≥70 TBLC. 10 studies assessed the use of VATS and the pooled diagnostic yield was 93.5% (95% CI 88.3–96.5). In TBLC, pooled incidences of complications were 9.9% (95% CI 6.8–14.3) for significant bleeding (6.9% for centres with ≥70 TBLC), 5.6% (95% CI 3.8–8.2) for pneumothorax treated with a chest tube and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–2.2) for acute exacerbation of ILD after TBLC. The mortality rates were 0.6% and 1.7% for TBLC and VATS, respectively.

Conclusions:

TBLC has a fairly good diagnostic yield, an acceptable safety profile and a lower mortality rate than VATS. The best results are obtained from more experienced centres.
Clostridium myonecrosis — a rare and underdiagnosed condition in the elderly: a case with severe skipping lesions and an overview of treatment guidelines
Authors: Van Asbroeck Ellen , Vasileiadou Ourania , De Laere Sylvie , Van Hedent Eddy , Devue Katleen
Published: October 2022

We present an unusual and severe case of spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis (SCM) in an elderly patient, with severe skipping lesions spread throughout the body. CT imaging, combined with postmortem available blood cultures, confirmed the diagnosis. We noted an underrepresentation of SCM in the cohort of elderly patients (≥ 85 years), upon a review of case reports in the literature over the last decade. Given the worldwide demographic change resulting in an increase in the number of visits to emergency departments for this age group, it is likely that SCM is underdiagnosed in these elderly patients. This case report aims to increase awareness among emergency physicians to recognize the disease as well as to provide a treatment guideline, in order to provide better care and outcome.
Design and validation of a 63K genome-wide SNP-genotyping platform for caribou/reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Carrier Alexandra , Prunier Julien , Poisson William , Trottier-Lavoie Mallorie , Gilbert Isabelle , Cavedon Maria , Pokharel Kisun , Kantanen Juha , Musiani Marco , Côté Steeve D. , Albert Vicky , Taillon Joëlle , Bourret Vincent , Droit Arnaud , Robert Claude
Published: October 2022

Background

Development of large single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays can make genomic data promptly available for conservation problematic. Medium and high-density panels can be designed with sufficient coverage to offer a genome-wide perspective and the generated genotypes can be used to assess different genetic metrics related to population structure, relatedness, or inbreeding. SNP genotyping could also permit sexing samples with unknown associated metadata as it is often the case when using non-invasive sampling methods favored for endangered species. Genome sequencing of wild species provides the necessary information to design such SNP arrays. We report here the development of a SNP-array for endangered Rangifer tarandus using a multi-platform sequencing approach from animals found in diverse populations representing the entire circumpolar distribution of the species.

Results

From a very large comprehensive catalog of SNPs detected over the entire sample set (N = 894), a total of 63,336 SNPs were selected. SNP selection accounted for SNPs evenly distributed across the entire genome (~ every 50Kb) with known minor alleles across populations world-wide. In addition, a subset of SNPs was selected to represent rare and local alleles found in Eastern Canada which could be used for ecotype and population assignments - information urgently needed for conservation planning. In addition, heterozygosity from SNPs located in the X-chromosome and genotyping call-rate of SNPs located into the SRY gene of the Y-chromosome yielded an accurate and robust sexing assessment. All SNPs were validated using a high-throughput SNP-genotyping chip.

Conclusion

This design is now integrated into the first genome-wide commercially available genotyping platform for Rangifer tarandus. This platform would pave the way to future genomic investigation of populations for this endangered species, including estimation of genetic diversity parameters, population assignments, as well as animal sexing from genetic SNP data for non-invasive samples.
BLNIMDA: identifying miRNA-disease associations based on weighted bi-level network
Authors: Shang Junliang , Yang Yi , Li Feng , Guan Boxin , Liu Jin-Xing , Sun Yan
Published: October 2022

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been confirmed to be inextricably linked to the emergence of human complex diseases. The identification of the disease-related miRNAs has gradually become a routine way to unveil the genetic mechanisms of examined disorders.

Methods

In this study, a method BLNIMDA based on a weighted bi-level network was proposed for predicting hidden associations between miRNAs and diseases. For this purpose, the known associations between miRNAs and diseases as well as integrated similarities between miRNAs and diseases are mapped into a bi-level network. Based on the developed bi-level network, the miRNA-disease associations (MDAs) are defined as strong associations, potential associations and no associations. Then, each miRNA-disease pair (MDP) is assigned two information properties according to the bidirectional information distribution strategy, i.e., associations of miRNA towards disease and vice-versa. Finally, two affinity weights for each MDP obtained from the information properties and the association type are then averaged as the final association score of the MDP. Highlights of the BLNIMDA lie in the definition of MDA types, and the introduction of affinity weights evaluation from the bidirectional information distribution strategy and defined association types, which ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the final prediction score of MDAs.

Results

Five-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out cross-validation are used to evaluate the performance of the BLNIMDA. The results of the Area Under Curve show that the BLNIMDA has many advantages over the other seven selected computational methods. Furthermore, the case studies based on four common diseases and miRNAs prove that the BLNIMDA has good predictive performance.

Conclusions

Therefore, the BLNIMDA is an effective method for predicting hidden MDAs.
Floral organ transcriptome in Camellia sasanqua provided insight into stamen petaloid
Authors: Fan Menglong , Li Xinlei , Zhang Ying , Wu Si , Song Zhixin , Yin Hengfu , Liu Weixin ,  Fan Zhengqi ,  Li Jiyuan
Published: October 2022

Background

The cultivated Camellia sasanqua forms a divergent double flower pattern, and the stamen petaloid is a vital factor in the phenomenon. However, the regulation mechanism remains largely unclear.

Results

Here, a comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis of the wild-type, “semi-double”, “peony double”, and “rose double” was performed. The cluster analysis of global gene expression level showed petal and stamen difficulty separable in double flower. The crucial pathway and genes related to double flower patterns regulation were identified by pairwise comparisons and weighted gene coexpression network (WGCNA). Divergent genes expression, such as AUX1 and AHP, are involved in plant hormone signaling and photosynthesis, and secondary metabolites play an important role. Notably, the diversity of a petal-specific model exhibits a similar molecular signature to the stamen, containing extensin protein and PSBO1, supporting the stamen petaloid point. Moreover, the expansion of class A gene activity influenced the double flower formation, showing that the key function of gene expression was probably demolished.

Conclusions

Overall, this work confirmed the ABCE model and provided new insights for elucidating the molecular signature of double formation.
Reporting of the safety from allergic rhinitis trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and in publications: An observational study
Authors: Paladin Ivan , Pranić Shelly Melissa
Published: October 2022

Background

Incomplete and inconsistent reporting of adverse events (AEs) through multiple sources can distort impressions of the overall safety of the medical interventions examined as well as the benefit-risk relationship. We aimed to assess completed allergic rhinitis (AR) trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov for completeness and consistency of AEs reporting comparing ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding publications.

Methods

We retrospectively examined completed randomised controlled trials on AR registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on or after 9/27/2009 to trials updated with results on or before 12/31/2021 along with any corresponding publications. Complete reporting of AEs in ClinicalTrials.gov were summarised in tables describing AE information, and complete reporting in publications was an explicit statement of serious AE, death or other AE. Difference in completeness, number, or description of AEs between ClinicalTrials.gov and publication was classified as inconsistent reporting of AEs.

Results

There were 99 registered trials with 45 (45.5%) available publications. All published trials completely reported AEs in ClinicalTrials.gov, and 21 (46.7%) in publications (P < .001). In 43 (95.6%) publications, there was at least one inconsistency in the reporting of AEs (P < .001). 8 (17.8%) publications had different number of serious AEs (P = .003), 36 (80.0%) of other AEs (P < .001) while deaths reporting was inconsistent in 8 (57.1%) publications (P = .127).

Conclusion

The reporting of AEs from AR trials is complete in ClinicalTrials.gov and incomplete and inconsistent in corresponding publications. There is a need to improve the reporting of AEs from AR trials in corresponding publications, and thus to improve patient safety.