bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sword as a Cultural Symbol or Weapon of Violence in Islam An analysis
Pedang Sebagai Simbol Budaya atau Senjata Keganasan Da-lam Islam: Satu Analisis
Authors: Ali Muhamad Mumtaz , Muhammed Muneer Kuttiyani
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrientalists like Washington Irving and Wilfred Cantwell Smith coined the idea and spread through their virulent writings that Islam spread through sword. This notion has been once again circulating in the media immediately after the incident of 9/11. Orientalists appear to have been uncomfortable with this allegation as they knew very well that political subjugation of people by sword was possible but winning over the hearts of the people by force was impossible. Historically, the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) achievement was the total transformation of man individually as well as socially from all angles, familial, social, economic, cultural, intellectual, educational, moral, political, and spiritual etc. Many well-known scholars have already rebutted the allegation concerning sword of Islam. This paper looks into another dimension of the significance of sword in Arab culture. It tries to trace the socio-cultural value of sword in the history of Arabian Peninsula.                         . Keywords: Islam, sword, Prophet Muhammad, propagation, Orientalists, allegations.AbstrakPara orientalis seperti Washington Irving dan Wilfred Cantwell Smith mereka dan merebak melalui tulisan mereka bahawa Islam disebarkan melalui pedang. Idea ini sekali lagi diungkit media selepas berlakunya kejadian 9/11. Para orientalis kelihatan tidak selesa dengan dakwaan ini kerana mereka tahu bahawa penaklukan politik rakyat melalui pedang adalah mungkin tetapi untuk memenangi hati rakyat dengan kekerasan adalah mustahil. Dari segi sejarah, pencapaian  Nabi Muhammad (saw) adalah transformasi keseluruhan manusia secara individu dan juga secara sosial dari semua sudut seperti kekeluargaan, sosial, ekonomi, budaya, intelektual, pendidikan, moral, politik, rohani dan lain-lain Banyak ulama yang terkenal sudah menyangkal dakwaan mengenai penyebaran Islam melalui pedang.. Kajian ini meneliti kepada satu lagi dimensi kepentingan pedang dalam budaya Arab. Ia juga cuba mengesan nilai sosio-budaya pedang dalam sejarah Semenanjung Arab.Kata Kunci: Islam, Pedang, Nabi Muhammad, Penyebaran, Para Orientalis, Dakwaan.
Towards an Islamization of Housing Menuju ke arah Islamisasi Perumahan
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: July 2019

AbstractIslamizing housing phenomenon is a very serious issue in the context of the Muslim architectural reality. It requires major contributions and high-spirited concerted efforts of many parties from across the wide spectrum of society: government, educators, practitioners, professional bodies, NGOs, members of the business community, students and the general public. In this paper, the focus is made on the role of education and educators and, to some extent, practitioners. In the process, the remarkable spiritual dimension of housing in Islam, and the importance of its proper handling, both at the conceptual and practical planes for the success of the project of Islamization, are emphasized. Islam distinguishes between the house, as a physical component, and home, as an aura, environment and ambiance generated by the former. In Islam, the house is an institution. It is a family development centre. Muslim architects, planners, structural engineers and final users alike, should perceive the house phenomenon as a sheer means, an instrument, a carrier of the spiritual, not a goal itself. The paper seeks to enhance people’s awareness as to the significance of correctly conceptualizing Islamic housing and how some of the fundamental aspects of its potential revival could be related to the notion of Islamization of knowledge.Keywords: Housing, Islamization, Islam, Muslims, Education.AbstrakFenomena mengislamkan perumahan adalah isu yang amat serius dalam konteks realiti seni bina Islam. Ia memerlukan sumbangan besar dan usaha bersepadu dan bersemangat tinggi oleh banyak pihak dari seluruh spektrum luas masyarakat: kerajaan, para pendidik, pengamal, badan-badan profesional, pertubuhan bukan kerajaan, ahli-ahli perniagaan, pelajar dan orang awam. Dalam kajian ini, tumpuan dibuat atas peranan pendidikan dan pendidik dan, sedikit sebanyak, kepada pengamal. Dalam proses itu, dimensi luar biasa perumahan dalam Islam, dan kepentingan pengendalian yang betul, kedua-dua di peringkat konseptual dan praktikal bagi menjayakan projek Islamisasi, ditekankan. Islam membezakan antara rumah, sebagai komponen fizikal, dan rumah, sebagai aura persekitaran dan suasana yang dihasilkan oleh komponen fizikal. Di dalam Islam, rumah itu adalah sebuah institusi. Ia merupakan pusat pembangunan keluarga. Arkitek-arkitek, perancang, jurutera struktur dan pengguna akhir Islam, perlu melihat fenomena rumah sebagai satu cara, alat dan pembawa rohani dan bukan matlamat itu sendiri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesedaran rakyat tentang kepentingan mengilhamkan perumahan Islam dan bagaimana beberapa aspek asas kebangkitan potensinya boleh dikaitkan dengan konsep Islamisasi ilmu. Kata Kunci: Perumahan, Islamisasi, Islam, Orang Islam, Pendidikan.
Integrated Model of Civilisational Development An Islamic Perspective (Model Bersepadu Pembangunan Sivil Satu Perspektif Islam)
Authors: Berghout Abdelaziz
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This article provides an Islamic framework for the study of development and civilization. It proposes an integrated model for balanced development.  As such, it addresses the following points: the concept of civilization and civilizational development from an Islamic perspective, mapping the civilizational model for balanced development and reviving the civilizational vision of Islam as a pre-condition for the revival of the Ummah. In the discussion, leading role of the Islamic view of development and civilisation in the progress of society is highlighted; and urgency of a contemporary understanding of Islam that envisions it as a project for a civilisation of creativity, balance, justice, peace and progress is explained. The methodology applied therein represents analysis of views. The findings show the need for an integrated Islamic model of civilizational development. The main peculiarities of this model are: value loaded, balanced, comprehensiveness and flexible.

Keywords Civilizational Development, Integrated Islamic Model, Value Loaded Model.

Abstrak

Artikel ini menyediakan sebuah framework Islam bagi tujuan pengkajian pembangunan dan ketamadunan dan ia mencadangkan sebuah model bersepadu bagi pembangunan seimbang. Dengan itu, ia mengalamatkan perkara-perkara berikut: konsep ketamadunan dan pembangunan dari perspektif Islam, mencatatkan model ketamadunan bagi pembangunan seimbang dan menghidupkan semula visi ketamadunan Islam sebagai pra-syarat untuk menghidupkan semula Ummah. Dalam perbincangan, peranan utama pemandangan Islam terhadap pembangunan dan ketamadunan dalam kemajuan masyarakat diserlahkan; dan kepentingan pemahaman Islam berkontemporari yang bermatlamat sebagai sebuah projek untuk ketamadunan kreativiti, keseimbangan, keadilan, keamanan dan kemajuan dijelaskan. Metodologi yang diaplikasikan didalamnya menggambarkan analisis pemandangan. Penemuan itu menunjukkan perlunya ada model pembangunan bertamadun Islam. Keistimewaan utama model ini adalah: nilai mencukupi, seimbang, menyeluruh dan fleksibel.

Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Ketamadunan, Model Islam Bersepadu, Model Mencukupi Nilai.
Modern Approaches to Islamic Family Law Reform The Need for a Balanced Approach in the Malaysian Context (Pendekatan Moden Terhadap Reformasi Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam Keperluan Pendekatan Seimbang Dalam Konteks Malaysia)
Authors: Haneef Sayed Sikandar Shah
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Muslim women have been caught in a tag-of-war between the forces of preserving Muslim family identity and advocates of its reform along the line of gender equality and International Human Rights. Given the current socio-political milieu at the global arena, the horizons for this tension to evaporate seem dim anytime soon. Reacting to Western human rights criticisms of Islamic family law, the conservative camp regard any attempt at reforming Islamic family law as a naked invasion of Western imperialism on Muslim personal domain. Reform proponents, on the other hand, indict conservative interpretation of Islamic family law as the primary cause of women oppression in Muslim societies. Accordingly, they constantly endeavour to lobby for reform of Muslim family law using either international bills of rights or gender equality as the frameworks. Consequently, Muslim women`s rights in the family has become a matter of paradoxical exegeses. To break this deadlock, this paper argues for a mediated solution (wasaÏÊyyah) by using critical content analysis of the two trends as a way forward for SharÊ‘ah-based reform in Malaysia.

Keywords: Women Rights, Muslim Reformist, Conservative Approach, Critical Analysis.

Abstrak

Wanita-wanita Islam terperangkap diantara pemeliharaan identiti keluarga Islam dan pembaharuan kesaksamaan jantina dan Hak Asasi Manusia Antarabangsa. Melihat suasana sosio-politik semasa di arena global, ketegangan ini seolah-olah tidak akan hilang pada masa yang terdekat. Bertindak balas kepada kritikan hak asasi barat terhadap undang-undang keluarga Islam, kem konservatif menganggap sebarang percubaan untuk mereformasi undang-undang keluarga Islam sebagai pencerobohan imperialisme Barat terhadap domain peribadi Islam. Sebaliknya, penyokong reformasi mendakwa bahawa tafsiran undang-undang keluarga Islam secara konservatif sebagai punca utama penindasan wanita dalam masyarakat Islam. Oleh itu, mereka sentiasa berusaha melobi bagi pembaharuan undang-undang keluarga Islam melalui undang-undang antarabangsa atau kesaksamaan jantina sebagai framework. Akibatnya, hak-hak wanita Islam dalam keluarga telah menjadi satu masalah berparadoks. Untuk keluar dari kebuntuan ini, kajian ini berpendapat untuk penyelesaian mediasi(wasatiyyah) dengan menggunakan analisis kandungan kritikal dari dua trend sebagai satu cara pembaharuan berasaskan syariah di Malaysia.

Kata Kunci: Hak-hak Wanita, Reformis Islam, Pendekatan Konservatif, Analisis Kritikal.
The Importance of Considering Custom (URF/ADAT) In Issuing Fatwa (IFTĀ’) In Ibn Abidin’s Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti (Kepentingan Menimbang Adat (URF/ADAT) Dalam Ibn Abidin’s Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti Sharh Uqud Rasm al-Mufti)
Authors: Ali Al-Fijawi Mohammed Farid
Published: July 2019

Abstract

It is necessary for a MuftÊ to know the custom (Ñurf/ÑÉdat) of his people and place. Non awareness of custom will result in mufti’s fatwa not being at par with the problems and demands of the developing societies. This paper emphasizes the important role custom plays in sharÊÑah, essentiality of its knowledge for the jurists/muftis, and its significance in issuing fatwa (al-iftÉ’), while referring to the translation of Ibn ÑÓbidin’s SharÍ ÑUqËd Rasm al-MuftÊ (Commentary on MuftÊ’s Manual). The paper finds that there is no way out for a mufti to issue a fatwa, while ignoring the custom of his time. Fatwa is a tool for the evolution of sharÊÑah in dealing with the evolving worldly affairs, and guarantees the most suitable solution in changing circumstances, provided that the custom of the people are taken into consideration.

Keywords: Custom (‘urf), Habit (‘adat), Fatwa, MuftÊ, IftÉ, Specification   (takhiÎÊÎ), Legal Text (al-naÎÎ).

Abstrak

Ia adalah satu keperluan untuk Mufti mengenalpasti adat (Ñurf/ÑÉdat) orang dan tempatnya. Ketidaksedaran adat akan menyebabkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan mufti tidak setaraf dengan masalah dan keinginan negara yang membangun. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan peranan adat dalam sharÊÑah, keperluan ilmunya bagi mufti untuk mengeluarkan fatwa (al-iftÉ’) sambil merujuk kepada terjemahan Ibn ÑÓbidin’s SharÍ ÑUqËd Rasm al-Mufti. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa tidak ada cara lain bagi seorang mufti untuk mengeluarkan fatwa tanpa memahami adat pada masanya. Fatwa adalah satu alat untuk syariah dalam menangani urusan duniawi yang berkembang, dan menjamin penyelesaian yang paling sesuai dalam mengubah keadaan, dengan syarat adat rakyat dipertimbangkan.

Kata Kunci: Adat (‘urf), Adat (‘adat), Fatwa, Mufti, Ifta’, Spesifikasi        (takhiÎÊÎ), Teks Perundangan (al-naÎÎ).
Purification of Non-Halal Income in Malaysian Islamic Banks: An Overview (Penyucian Pendapatan Tidak-Halal Di Bank-Bank Islam Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan)
Authors: Yunus Saidatolakma bt Mohd , Al Haneef Sayed Sikandar , Kamaruddin Zuraidah , Mahmud Mek Wok
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purification of non-halal income (NHI) is the process of deducting non-halal or tainted income deemed unacceptable by Shairaah from the total income generated in Islamic banks. It is undeniable that Shariaah non-compliance events still occur in Islamic banking system considering the fact that Islamic banks have not been able to fully comply with the requirements of Shariaah in their transactions, operations and financial activities. The realization of Shariaah non-compliance events in Islamic banks in some situations involve a financial impact which leads to NHI. All NHI identified must be purified since Islam does not allow any non-halal income to be held, kept and utilized for their own benefits. This paper will give a new insight on purification of NHI by first delineating the concept of mal haram in Islam as well as the Shariaah non-compliant events realized in the banks, with special reference to cases involving Islamic banks in Malaysia.

Keywords: Islamic banking, non-halal income, purification, charity, waqf.

Abstrak

Penyucian pendapatan tidak halal (NHI) adalah proses memisahkan pendapatan tidak halal menurut Syari'ah daripada jumlah keseluruhan pendapatan yang dihasilkan oleh bank Islam. Tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa masih berlaku ketidakpatuhan Syariah dalam sistem perbankan Islam. Ini adalah kerana bank Islam tidak dapat mematuhi sepenuhnya keperluan Syariah dalam transaksi, operasi dan kegiatan kewangan mereka. Kewujudan perkara yang tidak mematuhi Syariah di bank Islam dapat memberi kesan kepada status kewangan yang boleh membawa kepada berlakunya pendapatan haram. Pendapatan tidak halal yang sudah dikenalpasti mesti disucikan kerana Islam tidak membenarkan apa-apa pendapatan tidak halal disimpan dan digunakan untuk faedah mereka sendiri. Kajian ini memberi pandangan baru tentang penyucian pendapatan tidak halal dengan membincangkan konsep harta haram dalam Islam serta perkara-perkara yang tidak patuh syariah yang berlaku di bank-bank Islam di Malaysia.

Kata Kunci: Perbankan Islam, pendapatan tidak-halal, Penyucian, Amal, wakaf.
Abdul Halim Hasan and His Methodological Approach in Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim (Abdul Halim Hasan dan Metodologinya dalam Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim)
Authors: Ahmad Nadzrah
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Abdul Halim Hasan was a Malay exegetical writer of Indonesian origin. His work on Qur’anic exegesis or tafsir, transcended geographical boundaries and reached audiences around the Malay regions, especially Malaysia. The academic value of this particular tafsir is undeniably outstanding as an early twentieth century exegetical writing. This paper highlights Abdul Halim Hasan and his academic measures in the writing of Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim. Emphasis was given towards his biography and methodological contribution in tafsir. This qualitative study utilized deductive and inductive method to examine and discuss his tafsir as well as methodology. The result indicated that Abdul Halim Hasan implemented specific methodology in his tafsir, benefitting from his reference of the past scholars in this field.

Keywords: Tafsir methodology, Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim, Abdul Halim Hasan, Tiga Serangkai, Indonesian exegesis, Malay Archipelago.  

Abstrak

Abdul Halim Hasan merupakan ulama tafsir Melayu yang berasal dari Indonesia. Pengaruh tafsirnya melangkaui sempadan ke seluruh Nusantara terutamanya Malaysia. Nilai akademik bagi karya tafsirnya ini tidak dapat disangkal lagi sebagai sebuah tafsir berpengaruh awal kurun ke dua puluh. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat latarbelakang bagi pengarang tafsir ini, Haji Abdul Halim Hassan, dan karya akademiknya, Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim. Fokus utama akan diberikan terhadap biografi penulis sumbangannya dari sudut metodologi dalam penafsiran al-Quran. Kajian ini adalah suatu kajian kualitatif yang akan menggunapakai kaedah deduksi dan induksi, bagi menkaji dan menyususun metodologi yang dipraktik oleh beliau dalam penulisan tafsirnya. Kajian mendapati beliau menggunakan kaedah khusus didalam penafsirannya yang diambil dari kefahamannya keatas penulisan tafsir oleh ulama-ulama terdahulunya,

Kata Kunci: Metodologi Tafsir, Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Karim, Abdul Halim Hasan, Tiga Serangkai, Ulama Tafsir Indonesian, Kepulauan Melayu Nusantara.
Creativity in Malay Commentary Works: A Special Reference to Shaykh Dawud al-Fatani’s Ward al-Zawāhir (Kreativiti dalam komentari melayu: satu kajian terhadap karya Shaykh Dawud al Fatani, Ward al zawahir)
Authors: Jusoh Che’Razi
Published: July 2019

Abstract

For generations, Dawud al-Fatani’s works have been considered among the reputable and reliable references in the literature of the Malay Archipelago. Among his authoritative works are: Munyat al-MusallÊ, Durr al-ThamÊn, FurË’ al-Masa’il, Minhaj al-‘Óbidin and al-Manhal al-Safi which have been praised for their lucid exposition of the issues addressed by al-Fatani in his writing. The hallmark of his scholarship is undoubtably his creativity and innovation, representing a key characteristic of the Islamic literature of the era and showcasing his gift for elucidating the primary texts of al-Qur’an and al-Hadith. This paper attempts to illustrate al-Fatani’s unique approach employed in his magnificent work entitled Ward al-Zawahir. The research reveals that among the techniques used by al-Fatani to enhance his writing, and which contributed so much to the Malay classical literature of the times are: Bilingualism, faedah (benefit point) and tanbih (admonishing point) etc. This paper is an exposure to the works of al-Fatani that will certainly benefit new generations of authors, enabling them to appreciate and draw inspiration from the literary heritage left to them by their predecessors.

 

Keywords: Malay classical works, Malay regions, scholarship, commentary works.

 

Abstrak

Selama bertahun-tahun karya Shaykh Dawud al-FaÏÉni telah dianggap sebagai rujukan yang paling penting dan amat disegani dalam kesusasteraan Melayu Jawi di alam Melayu. Antara karya-karyanya yang paling berwibawa ialah: Munyat al-MuÎallÊ, Durr al-ThamÊn, FurË al-MasÉ'il, MinhÉj al-'ÓbidÊn dan al-Manhal al-ØÉfÊ yang telah diangkat tinggi oleh para ilmuwan kerana perbahasan dan huraian yang tertera dalamnya amat jelas dan mendalam. Keistimewaan yang terdapat dalam karya-karya beliau dari segi keilmuwan dan kreativiti menepati ciri-ciri kesusasteraan Islam yang utama dan mempamerkan kedalaman ilmu beliau dalam menjelaskan perbendaharaan ilmu yang bersumberkan al-Qur'an dan al-Hadith. Makalah ini cuba untuk membawa pembaca meneliti beberapa pendekatan unik al-FatÉni yang digunakan dalam karya agungnya yang berjudul Ward al-ZawÉhir. Ia juga mendedahkan bahawa antara teknik yang digunakan oleh al-FatÉni dalam penulisannya dan sekaligus menyumbang kepada kesusasteraan klasik Melayu pada masa itu ialah: dwibahasa, faedah dan tanbih dan lain-lain. Pendedahan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam karya-karya al-FatÉni pasti akan memberikan manfaat kepada generasi baru dengan harapan agar membolehkan mereka menghargai warisan kusasteraan Jawi yang ditinggalkan oleh generasi yang terdahulu.

 

Kata Kunci: Karya klasik, daerah kepulauan Melayu, kesarjanaan, karya karya syarahan.
مصطلح السلوك واضطرابه بين علماء الشريعة وعلم النفس (The Term al-Suluk (Behavior) and the Confusion between Shariah Scholars and the Psychologists)
Authors: المقيمي سيف بن حمود , الأطرش رضوان جمال
Published: July 2019

تُعد دراسةُ النفس البشرية وتحديد كنهها ودراسة ما ينتج عنها من سلوك من أبرز المسائل العلمية التي شغلت الجنس البشري، فمنذ العصور القديمة ويحاول العلماء والفلاسفة الخوض في الإجابة عن تساؤلات الإنسان عن نفسه، فكانت النتائج تظهر بحسب الزاوية التي ينظر الباحثون منها إلى نفس الإنسان، وقد تنوعت النظرة إلى مصطلح السلوك بوجه عام أو السلوك الإنساني بوجه خاص مما يجعل من ذلك مشكلة علمية ينبغي العناية بها، فقد أصبح من المهم بيان ما يعنيه مصطلح السلوك نفسه، ولإظهار القيمة الفارقة في نواتج دراسة السلوك بين الشريعة الإسلامية وعلم النفس، خصوصاً فيما يتعلق بفهم السلوك الموسوم بالاضطراب، لذا جاء هذا البحث ليقف على ما في كتب التراث الإسلامي من تعبير عن السلوك، وكيف تنظر الشريعة إلى المضطرب منه مقارنة بما عند علماء النفس، حيث تظهر نتائج هذا البحث أن مصطلح السلوك يحمل تعبيراً عاماً عن مطلق العمل الذي يصدر من قبل الانسان، أما فيما يتعلق بالاضطراب فقد ظهر في هذا البحث أن الشريعة الإسلامية لها تفصيلها الخاص المستند إلى الإطار التقييمي الشرعي من خلال الأحكام الشرعية في الدلالة على الاضطراب، مع استيعابها إطلاق مصطلح الاضطراب على السلوك الذي يتسم به ولو كان غير مخالف للتقييم الشرعي إذا ما وصفه علم النفس بذلك.

الكلمات المفتاحيّة: السلوك، علم النفس، علم الشريعة، الاضطراب النفسي، اضطراب السلوك.

Abstract

The study of human-self, the core of human existence and the behaviour which is generated from therein is considered to be one of the most important issues in which human beings have ever engaged. Philosophers and scientists have long been attempting to find out and answer the questions with respect to human selves. These attempts resulted in different findings according to the framework which was employed to study the subject matter.  Attitude towards behavior-terminology in general and human behaviour in particular varies in a very diverse way which has put this issue as a problem where special focus needs to be carried out. It is crucial to identify the actual meaning of "behavior" and the differences in these two perspectives; the shariah and the psychology, especially when it comes to understanding the behavioral disorders. This piece of writing is an attempt to discover how traditional Islamic books dealt with the term "behavioral disorders" and how a disordered person was treated in comparison with the standpoint of psychologists in this regard. This study finds that the term "behavior" in traditional Islamic books has a general meaning that includes every action of humans, whereas the term "disorder" has its specific meaning based on the shariah framework and how it encompasses those behaviors as disorders which are prespribed so by psychologists and they are not in conflict with the shariah.

Keywords: Behavior, Psychology, knowledge of Shariah, Psychological Disorder, Behavioral Disorder.
الغزو العراقي لدولة الكويت عام 1990م قراءة جديدة في الأسباب والعوامل (Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait in 1990: A New Reading of Causes and Factors )
Authors: المصعبي سلامه علي حسين الزهما , إبراهيم حسن , سليمان كابوي عثمان
Published: July 2019

يعتبر الغزوالعراقي للكويت عام 1990م، من أهم الأحداث التي شهدتها المنطقة العربية في القرن العشرين، بل أن البعض جعله في المرتبة الثانية بعد الاحتلال الصهيوني للأراضي العربية الفلسطينية، إذ شكل الغزو العراقي للكويت حدث انتقال وتحول عميق وجذري في مسار العلاقات الدولية إزاء منطقة الشرق الأوسط والخليج العربي باعتبارها أهم منطقة في العالم وأكثرها حساسية وتعقيداً. لقد تظافرت العديد من الأسباب والعوامل التي أدت إلى وقوع الغزو العراقي لدولة الكويت، وتحوله إلى حدث فعلي وواقع مرير، عانى منه الشعب الكويتي وترتب عنه الكثير من الآلام والآثار التي مازالت تداعياتها قائمة في وعي وضمير المجتمع الكويتي إلى اليوم، فضلاً عما سببه هذا الغزو من معاناة وأزمات للشعب العراقي، والذي مازال تحت وطأتها حتى العصر الراهن. يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحليل الأسباب والعوامل الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية الكامنة وراء قرار النظام العراقي السابق بغزو الكويت واحتلالها في أغسطس من العام 1990م، وهو القرار الذي أدى إلى اندلاع أزمة الخليج الثانية، في محاولة جديدة لسبر أغوار حقيقة هذا الغزو والأبعاد التي أحاطت به على مختلف الأصعدة الوطنية والإقليمية والدولية.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الغزو العراقي، الأسباب الاقتصادية، الأسباب السياسية، الأسباب الاجتماعية.

Abstract

Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was one of the most important events in the Arab region of the twentieth century. Some historians even rank it as the second after the Zionist occupation of the Arab Palestinian territories, as the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait constituted a transition and a crucial transformation in the course of international relations towards the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf as the most important region in the world and the most sensitive and complex. There have been many reasons and factors that led to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait which transformed it into an actual event and bitter reality, which the Kuwaiti people suffered and resulted in a lot of suffering and relics whose repercussions continue to exist in the consciousness and conscience of Kuwaiti society today. In addition, the cause of this invasion was due to the suffering and crisis of Iraqi people has been continuing until today. This research aims to study and analyze the economic, political and social causes and factors underlying the decision of the former Iraqi regime to invade and occupy Kuwait in August 1990, which triggered into the second Gulf crisis, in a new attempt to probe the reality of this invasion and the dimensions that cover various levels, regional and international.

Key words: Civilisational Approach, man, renewal of Islamic education and learning.
A Comparative Analysis of Al-Ghazali and Montessori’s Principles of Child Education (Analisis Komparatif terhadap Prinsip-prinsip al-Ghazali dan Montessori dalam Pendidikan kanak-kanak )
Authors: Abdullah Norillah , Bin Abdul Razak Mohd Abbas , Nazilah A.
Published: July 2019

Childhood education goes with a lot of innocence, searching and exploring the environment that surrounds the young learners. The amount of energy and inquisitiveness displayed by children at this tender age is a marvel to many parents and teachers alike. This small-scale research represents a sincere attempt to contrastively analyze Montessori and Al-Ghazali’s ideas on child education. The ideas of the two scholars, one from the West and the other from the East, till these days have great significance to their respective communities. In a way, this study should be seen as an initiative undertaken in the absence of a study discussing the differences and commonalities found in the ideas of the two scholars pertaining to child education. By employing the textual analysis method and using Montessori’s principles of child education as the framework, the researchers conducted a comparative analysis. In the course of analyzing the data, the researchers had identified six emerging themes in the ideas of Montessori and Al-Ghazali. The findings have also indicated that the principles of these two prominent scholars either intersect with each other or stand in total isolation. 

Keywords: Child education, Montessori, Al-Ghazali, Contrastive Analysis, Emerging Themes.

Abstrak

Pendidikan kanak-kanak berlaku malalui proses pencarian dan penerokaan terhadap persekitaran mereka. Keceriaan dan sifat ingin tahu yang dipamerkan oleh kanak-kanak dalam proses tersebut amatlah penting bagi para ibubapa dan guru. Pandangan-pandangan Montessori dan Al-Ghazali tentang pendidikan kanak-kanak telah meninggalkan kesan yang amat penting dalam komuniti Barat dan Timur hingga ke hari ini. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan pandangan kedua-dua cendekiawan ini tentang pendidikan kanak-kanak. Secara tidak langsung, ia boleh dilihat sebagai usaha untuk mengisi kekurangan dalam bidang kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisa tekstual dan prinsip pendidikan kanak-kanak Montessori sebagai rangka kajian. Daripada kajian ini, terdapat enam tema yang boleh digarapkan daripada pandangan kedua-dua cendekiawan yang didapati secara bersilang atau terpisah di antara satu sama lain.        

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan kanak-kanak, Montessori, Al-Ghazali, Analisa Perbandingan (Kontrastif), Tema-tema yang Terhasil.
للكاتب البروناوي الحاج محمد حسين بن عبد الرحمن (Pancawarna)"سمات الأدب الإسلامي في رواية "الألوان الخمسة (Features of Islamic Literature in the Novel “Pancawarna” by Bruneian Writer Haji Md Hussain bin Abdul Rahman)
Authors: الحاج عثمان رحمة بنت أحمد , بنت الحاج عبد القهار كوجيمه بنت الحاج عبد ا
Published: July 2019

الرواية فن من الفنون الأدبية التي نشأت حديثًا في المجتمع البروناوي، وقد تطور من حيث الكمية والنوعية منذ مطلع هذا القرن، ومن أدلة هذا التطور ظهور الرواية الإسلامية عند الكُتّاب البروناويين، ويتناول هذا البحث سمات الأدب الإسلامي في رواية "الألوان الخمسة" (Pancawarna) للكاتب البروناوي الحاج محمد حسين بن عبد الرحمن اعتمادًا على السمات التي أشار إليها نجيب الكيلاني في كتابة "مدخل إلى الأدب الإسلامي"؛ ليصل البحث إلى نتيجة أن رواية "الألوان الخمسة" ملتزمة بالقيم الفنية الجمالية المحافظة على طبيعة الأدب من حيث الشكل، وبالقيم الإسلامية من حيث المضمون.

الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الأدب الإسلامي، الالتزام، رواية "الألوان الخمسة"، سمات الأدب الإسلامي.

Abstract

The field of novel writing is one of the growing literary works in Brunei Darussalam in this century, both in the aspect of novels’ genres or quantities. The most significant developments in novel writings in Brunei Darussalam these days is the emergence of Islamic novels written by the Bruneian writers. This study highlights the features of Islamic literature in the novel ‘Pancawarna’ written by Haji Md Hussain bin Abdul Rahman according to the criteria set by Najib Kilani in his book "Madkhal Ila al-Adab al-Islami". This study finds that the novel meets the criteria of Islamic literature that exhibits beautiful writings and artistic values to preserve the nature of literary works as well as portraying Islamic values as the core essence of the novel.

Keywords: Islamic Literature, Commitment, the Novel ‘Pancawarna’, Features of Islamic Literature.
Making Adhān or Knocking Bangzi: Sonic Expressions of Jahriyyah Group in Contemporary China (Laungan Azan menggunakan Ketukan Bangzi: Ekxpresi Sonic Tari-kat Jahriyyah di China Kontemporari)
Authors: Ma Qiang  , Ma Xinguo
Published: July 2019

Bangzi is a kind of wooden clappers. It was once used by watchmen for time announcement and for indicating danger during emergencies. Jahriyyah, a distinguished Islamic Sufi group in China, was officially labelled as a heterodox Islamic faction because of its rebellion against the government. The rebellion was ignited by a religious dispute between the Huasi faction (a Sufi group of the Hufiyyah order) during the Qianlong period of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. Due to its stigmatization as a “New Faction” during this rebellion, Jahriyyah’s religious activities were conducted secretly. Knocking bangzi instead of the traditional human voice for the call to prayer has become a tradition for Jahriyyah, and the current adherents consider such tradition as “orthodox”, and are therefore reluctant to change it. This paper explores Jahriyyah’s conception of their sonic heritage and suggests that two contextualized dimensions should be taken into account when interpreting the transformation and expression of Islamic factions in China today: first, the political impact of post-Mao policies; and second, the impact of the post-shaykh, or post-factional, era.

Keywords: Jahriyyah, Adhān, Islam; Adjustment, Transformation.

Abstrak

 Bangzi merupakan sebuah blok kayu. Ia pernah digunakan oleh pengawas sebagai alat pengumuman dan sebagai alat amaran bahaya semasa kecemasan. Jahriyyah, merupakan tarekat Sufi Islam yang terkenal di China, telah dilabel secara rasmi sebagai puak faksi Islam heterodoks kerana pemberontakannya terhadap kerajaan. Pemberontakan itu disebabkan oleh perselisihan agama antara puak Huasi (kumpulan Sufi di bawah gerakan Hufiyyah) pada zaman pemerintahan Maharaja Qianlong daripada dinasti Qing yang dipimpin oleh Manchu. Kerana stigmatisasinya sebagai "Faksi Baru" semasa pemberontakan ini, kegiatan keagamaan Jahriyyah telah dijalankan secara sembunyi. Memukul bangzi sebagai cara menggantikan azan telah manjadi tradisi tarekat Jahriyyah.dimana para pengikut sekarang menganggap tradisi tersebut merupakan amalan "ortodoks", dan enggan menukarnya dengan amalan lain. Makalah ini menerangkan konsepsi Jahriyyah tentang warisan sonik mereka dan mencadangkan bahawa dua dimensi kontekstualisasi harus diambil kira apabila menafsirkan transformasi dan ekspresi puak Islam di China hari ini: pertama, kesan politik dasar post-Mao; dan kedua, kesan post-shaykh, atau post-faksi, era.

Kata Kunci: Jahriyyah, Azan, Islam, Pemindahan, Transformasi.
Britain and the Arab-Israel Conflict: Questioning the Motives Behind Continued Aid to 1967 Palestinian Refugees
Authors: Bin Zakariah Muhamad Hasrul
Published: July 2019

British involvement in Middle East politics can be traced to long before the First World War when its economic and strategic interests appeared to be the main reason for the involvement. The emergence of the newly created Israeli state, following the Balfour Declaration, marked the beginning of the Palestinian refugee crisis. Between 1948 and 1956, historical liability and obligation forced the British to be involved in providing humanitarian aid to the Palestinian refugees. British involvement in the Suez Crisis later in 1956, was a tragedy for British influence in the Middle East. Many scholars concluded that the 1956 campaign marked “the end of British empire in the Middle East” and the beginning of the cold war, American-Soviet rivalry that left Britain marginalised. Even prominent Middle East scholars such as Michael Ben Oren, in his book Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of Modern Middle East, did not give attention to the British role and involvement in the 1967 crisis. However, the British efforts to regain Arab trust whilst preserving its economic and strategic interests in the Middle East persuaded Britain to remain involved with the Palestinian refugee crisis. None of these scholars have tried to analyse the motives behind continued British involvement in humanitarian aid for Palestinian refugees – the crisis which lingers long after the end of the British Empire in the Middle East. This paper discusses this topic with a focus on refugees from the 1967 war and attempts to explain the reasons for continuation of British aid from an historical perspective. This research was based on historical document analysis and the extraction of archival sources from The National Archive (TNA) in London.
إشكالات نظرية وتطبيقية في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
Authors: الحاج عبد الله محمد بخير
Published: July 2019

تعترض اللغة العربية إشكالات نظرية وتطبيقية تتعلق بطرق تدريسها، وهذا ما يبدو جلياً في الوقت الراهن؛ حيث تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، أصبح موضِع اهتمام الجهات المسؤولة. إن تعلُّم أية لغة من اللغات، لا يتحقق بين عشية وضحاها؛ بل هو عملية تراكمية تتم عبْر مراحل.  وبناءً عليه، فقد ركَّز الأخصائيون في مجال تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها على هذا الجانب منذ أمدٍ بعيد، أيضاً كان للعلماء المسلمين فضلٌ عظيمٌ في نشر هذه اللغة، وإن واجهتهم مشاكل عديدة؛ أهَمُّها قضية طرق التعليم. فالتعليم مهنة تحتاج إلى من يتقنها، أن يعقل دورها ووظيفتها. إنها عملية نتاج علمي وفني من قبل المدرِّسين أنفسهم؛ إذ تجمع بين أطراف ثلاثة، هي: المعلِّم، والمتعلِّم، والطريقة المتبعة في التدريس. يحاول هذا البحث أن يُلْقِي الضوء على هذه الأطراف الثلاثة، ويسعى إلى معالجتها من خلال مناهج تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، مبيِّناً في الوقت ذاته المنطلقات النظرية والتطبيقية التي تؤثِّر في المادة اللغوية؛ حتى يتسنى لنا عرض فكرة واضحة، أمكنها أن تسهم في تيسير عملية تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها.
Islamic awakening and its role in Islamic solidarity in Egypt
Authors: Abd.Rahman Saodah Binti , Nurullah Abu Sadat
Published: July 2019

Islamic revivalism led to the development of Islamic awakening throughout the Muslim world by uniting the Muslim society. In the process of liberating the Muslim countries from the colonists, all Muslims felt the necessity of unity, including the traditionalists and secularists. Historically, Islamic awakening brought about the spirit of establishing principles of Islam in all affairs of the country, including the establishment of Islamic state and implementation of Islamic laws. In the case of Egypt, the Islamic awakening resulted in the emergence of three distinct Muslim groups, namely – moderate Muslims, secularists, and radicals. This paper concentrates on the moderate Muslims, because in our view they are able to successfully incorporate Islamic principles at the grassroot level. The Islamic organization which is established by the moderate Muslims are actively involved in social services and charity activities, such as al-IkhwÉn al-MuslimËn (the Muslim Brotherhood). This movement is also very successful in establishing economic prosperity, such as the investment company called al-RayyÉn.             The Islamic awakening in Malaysia brought about the consciousness of adopting and practicing the Islamic way of life. The process of implementing the principles of Islam was based on a gradual evolutionary process, rather than drastic method. Therefore, the implementation of Islamic law is carried out smoothly, and it is accepted by the Muslims and non-Muslims alike. For that reason, various institutions have been established, such as, Islamic universities, Islamic banking and insurance, and other Islamic organizations and institutions.
The Impact of Secularism on Religious Beliefs and Practices
Authors: AbdulRahim Adibah Binti
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man’s life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint which is cut off from Divine, Transcendent or Supernatural principles and does not refer to and is isolated from Revelation. In terms of its intensity and scope as well as its discernable effects upon people’s mind, the repercussion of secularism is so pervasive and universal. It gives a great impact on every facet of life including individual and family lives as well as educational, political, economic and social-cultural realm. Most importantly, secularism affects the very tenets of traditional religious beliefs and practices. This paper tries to focus on the danger of secularism and its principles which are contradict to the religious worldview.
Semantic Analysis on the Malay Islamic Concept of Man and Universe
Authors: Othman Hussain
Published: July 2019

What was the true concept of man and universe as understood by the Malay Muslims and depicted by their classical texts? Oftentimes, the Hindu concept of devaraja or kingship and the concept of mount Mahameru were seen as the most appropriate Malay concept of man and universe. Unfortunately, these two concepts representing only a minor part of the Malay classical tradition. Other dominant part of the Malay intellectual legacy, i.e. the Malay Islamic tradition was frequently neglected. Obviously, it is not so easy to describe the concept of man and universe in Malay Islamic tradition due to the limitation of sources and proper approaches to be employed. Studies however showed that a proper understanding upon the worldviews of the past could be possible if we choose to look through the eyes of the people of the time. Based on this notion, this study has selected the semantic approach to unveil a proper Malay Islamic concept of man and universe. The approach was well known to us through the writings of a Japanese scholar, Toshihiko Izutsu. Semantic, according to Izutsu is an analytic study of the key-terms of a language with a view arriving eventually at a conceptual grasp of the weltanschauung or world-view of the people. Through this approach, the study has finally arrived at the conclusion that the Malay Islamic concept of man is not the concept of the devaraja or “kingship”, rather it was strongly based on the concept of duties and responsibilities inspired by the religious consciousness of the people. Similarly, the Malay Islamic concept of universe is not the concept of mount Mahameru. It was rather the concept of al-dunya wal akhirah. The purpose of this paper is to discuss further some tremendous discoveries of the Malay Islamic concept of man and universe embedded in three great books of Malay history namely Sejarah Melayu, Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai and Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa.
Human Nature: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Abdul Razak Mohd Abbas
Published: July 2019

Human nature is a widely and popularly discussed topic not only in the East but also in the West. This topic has drawn people from diverse backgrounds of knowledge to explore and investigate who or what man is in relation to his Creator and other creations that exist in the universe. The research on man and the attempts to answer many of the intricate questions related to his creation and existence which started in the ancient past is still on-going. The fact that the latest findings on man have added information to the existing body of knowledge makes the study on human nature a dynamic and perennial one. Within the scope of this paper, the researcher has made an attempt to discuss the topic on human nature from the Islamic perspective. In discussing the nature of man, the researcher has ventured into the physical and metaphysical realms of his existence as described in the Qur’an. Besides that, the researcher has also entertained some discussions on how man has been perceived in the mainstream Western and Islamic psychologies. In concluding the paper, the researcher has anchored the discussion as to why the study on human nature is important.
التكامل بين علمي التفسير واللغة
Authors: الأطرش رضوان جمال , بهجت منجد مصطفى
Published: July 2019

تهدف هذا الدراسة إلى إبراز جوانب التكامل بين علمي التفسير واللغة، وتندرج مثل هذه الدراسات ضمن الدراسات القرآنية واللغوية الهادفة، والتي تسعى لتأصيل علمي لرأب الصدع بين العِلْمين، وإعادة الصلة بين مناهج التفسير واللغة، وتطويرها، كي تصبح أداة فاعلة لفهم سليم لكتاب الله عز وجل، ذلك أن دلالة الخطاب الإلهي لا يمكن إدراكها وتذوق معانيها ومغازيها إلا من خلال امتلاك ناصية اللغة. وقد اعتمد الباحثان في تحقيق هذا الهدف على المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي وذلك لتوظيف اللغة في العملية التفسيرية بوصفها أداة أصيلة لا يمكن الاستغناء عنها، وقد وصل الباحثان إلى أن اللغة هي جسم التفسير، وعليه فإن العلاقة بينهما علاقة وطيدة لا يمكن فصل أحدها عن الآخر.
دور الخطابة المنبرية في التطور اللغوي العربي في جنوب نيجيريا "خطبة الشيخ حبيب الله آدم نموذجا"
Authors: عبد الرحيم مسعــود أجيبولا , بنت أحمد الحاج عثمان رحمة
Published: July 2019

إنّ الخطابة فن نثري وسلاح للعرب في الجاهلية، ووسيلة لنشر دين الله الحنيف في العصور الإسلامية، ولها دور فعّال في الحقل اللغوي الأدبي حيث تستخدم لمخاطبة الجماهير في المجتمع الإنساني، وفي تقدّمهم الحضاري والاجتماعي والثقافي. ولقد لعب هذا الفن دوره في نشر اللغة العربية وتطويرها في نيجيريا بصفة عامة وفي جنوب غربه بصفة خاصة. يهدف هذا البحث النظر إلى دور الخطابة المنبرية في تطوير اللغة العربية في الجنوب الغربي بنيجيريا (خطبة حبيب الله آدم عبد الله نموذجاً)، وقد يسأل السائل هل للخطابة المنبرية دور في تطوير اللغة العربية في الجنوب الغربي بنيجيريا،؟ وسيجيب هذه المقالة عليه نظراً إلى وضع اللغة العربية وتطورها فيه عبر عرض الخطبة المنبرية العربية للشيخ حبيب الله آدم عبد الله الإلوري.
اللهجة العامية في تفسير عبد الله الطيّب المجذوب
Authors: التجاني عصام محمد إبراهيم , بنت أحمد عثمان رحمة 
Published: July 2019

يعد الدكتور عبد الله الطيب المجذوب من أشهر علماء السودان في العصر الحاضر. وقد قام حفظه الله بتاليف العديد من الكتب في مختلف المجالات، من أبرزها تفسيره للقرآن الكريم. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة منهج وطريقة الدكتور عبد الله الطيب المجذوب في تفسير القرآن، مع بيان استخدامه اللهجة العامية (الدارجة) في تفسيره. وكذلك يتناول البحث طريقة عبد الله الطيب في تفسيره للآيات الكونية، وآيات الأحكام، وآيات الأسماء والصفات، وآيات الموت والآخرة والغيبيات، وآيات القصص والإسرائيليات. وقد اعتمد البحث على منهجي الاستقراء والتحليل الاستنباطي للوصول إلى النتائج المرجوة. ومن نتائج البحث أن عبد الله الطيب اعتمد على اللغة العربية بجميع علومها في تفسير القرآن، واعتنى بالقراءات القرآنية. وأظهر البحث كذلك أن المنهج العام لتفسير عبد الله الطيب يعتمد في المقام الأول على المأثور من الكتاب والسنة وآراء الصحابة، ناقلاً تلك الروايات من تفسيري الطبري والقرطبي. كما أوضحت الدراسة أنه اعتمد على الإسرائيليات، ورفض التفسير العلمي.
وقفات عند نقد المتون في كتب مصطلح الحديث
Authors: منصور محمد سعد الدين
Published: July 2019

نشأت علوم الحديث منذ عهد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه خادمة للحديث، وقد كانت مبادئ نقد المتن الحديثي مختلطة بالحديث منثورة في كتب العلم ككتاب الرسالة، والأم للإمام الشافعي، واستمر الحال إلى زمن الإمام الترمذي والنسائي، ولكن بعد ذلك أفردت بالتأليف، فمن أمثلة ذلك كتاب المحدث الفاصل للقاضي الرامهرمزي، ومعرفة علوم الحديث للحاكم، ثم كتب أهل العلم وصنفوا في مباحثه المختلفة إلى هذا العصر. فهل خدم أهل المصطلح نقد المتون كما خدموا الأسانيد؟ أجاب البحث عن ذلك.
Major Trends Of Muslim Responses To The Challenges Of Modernity
Authors: Abdul Rahim Adibah , Abdul Rahman Amilah Awang
Published: July 2019

Modernity has been posing serious challenges to the Muslim world and its society since the eighteenth century. However, these challenges took on a more definite shape in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The challenges were complex and covered all facets of Muslim life. This paper tries to explore how Muslims can respond effectively to those challenges posed by modernity, and what are the main responses of modernity formulated over the past century. The response to the challenges of modernity, in fact, may be considered as one of the characteristics of Islam as a religion that has always shown a living awareness of contemporary intellectual issues.
The Influence of Islam on Albanian Culture
Authors: Shehu Fatmir
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the influence of Islam on Albanian culture. The Islamization process of the Albanian culture was very crucial for the Albanians themselves as it gave them a new identity, which they lacked since their settlement on the Adriatic shores. According to history, Albanians, the biggest Muslim nation dwelling in the Balkans, South-East of Europe, are believed to be the descendents of the ancient Illyrians, who settled in Europe around 2500 years ago. They lived a social life based on tribalism, where every tribe had established its own cultural system and way of life. Thus, their cultural differences disallowed them to unite. Such situation did not change, even when Christianity was introduced to them. Because, Christianity came to Albania through two great dominations: Christian Catholics of Vatican (the Northern part of Albanian) and Christian Orthodox of Greece (the Southern part of Albania). The continuous religious and political suppression faced by the Albanians from their Byzantine and Latin masters enabled them to be the first people of the Balkans, who welcomed openheartedly the Ottoman Muslims and embraced Islam as their new way of life in the 15th century. The study focuses on the following issues: (1) Historical background of Albania and Albanians; (2) The genesis of Albanian culture; and (3) The process of integration between Islamic culture and Albanian culture. This research attempts to provide important findings, which will be very helpful to the Muslims and others.