bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel proton conducting membranes based on copolymers containing hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polystyrenes
Authors: Luo Tianwei , Xu Hulin , Li Zhong , Gao Shuitao , Fang Zhou , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Fang , Ma Bing , Zhu Changjin
Published: May 2017

A novel series of hydrocarbon‐based copolymers containing flexible alkylsulfonated groups and hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) backbones was designed and prepared as proton conducting membranes. Among the membranes, the membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2 with the ion exchange capacity 1.70 showed good proton conductivity at 0.137 S/cm at 80 °C, which was two times as much as that of the control membrane SPO. Further, incorporating the sulfonated graphene oxide (s‐GO) into SPO3–(PMS‐PSBOS)2 leads to the composite membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2–SGO, which exhibited higher proton conductivity compared to Nation 117 and the native membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2. In addition, the composite membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2–SGO showed well‐defined phase separated structures and high selectivity (1.40 × 105 Ss/cm3), which were about three times as that of Nafion 117 (0.52 × 105 Ss/cm3). These results suggested that these membranes are promising materials for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45205.
Blown film extrusion of poly(lactic acid) without melt strength enhancers
Authors: Karkhanis Sonal S. , Stark Nicole M. , Sabo Ronald C. , Matuana Laurent M.
Published: May 2017

Processing strategies were developed to manufacture poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blown films without melt strength enhancers (MSEs). The effects of processing temperature on PLA's melt properties (shear and elongational viscosities), PLA grades, and other processing conditions [ratio of take‐up roller to extruder's rotational screw speeds or processing speed ratio (PSR) and internal air pressures] on film's blow‐up ratio were examined. Experimental results indicate that extrusion‐blown amorphous and semicrystalline PLA films can be successfully manufactured without MSEs by controlling melt rheology through processing temperature and other extrusion processing conditions. PLA processed at lower extrusion temperature had higher melt viscosities, which favored the formation of stable films depending on the PSR and internal air pressure used. Inappropriate control of PSR and internal air pressure led to unstable films with various processing defects such as melt sag, bubble dancing, or draw resonance, irrespective of the lower extrusion processing temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45212.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)–thermoplastic starch–organoclay bionanocomposites: Surface properties
Authors: Garrido‐Miranda Karla A. , L. Rivas Bernabé , Pérez Mónica A.
Published: May 2017

Bionanocomposites based on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and starch plasticized with glycerol and water [thermoplastic starch (TPS)] with organically modified montmorillonite clay as a nanofiller were obtained by melt‐blending. The influence of the clay and TPS on the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant bionanocomposite was investigated by various techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and nanoindentation. The results obtained by AFM showed that bionanocomposites have a surface roughness of 30.88 nm, compared to 14.53 nm for processed PHB. This result is obtained due to the migration of clay layers to the surface. From XRD and TEM it was determined that the clay layers of the bionanocomposites are completely separated. The hardness and elastic moduli of bionanocomposites have values similar to those of PHB, improving the drawbacks of the PHB–TPS blends (65:35 weight ratio). The thermal properties do not present significant changes, and only the degree of crystallinity decreased with increasing clay content. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45217.
Spectroscopic, electrical, and relaxor‐like properties of cellulose acetate–erbium (III) chloride composite films
Authors: Ahmad‐Fouad Basha Mohammad , Morsi Mohamed Morsi Reham
Published: May 2017

Cellulose acetate thin films doped with erbium (III) chloride (ErCl3) of different concentrations were prepared by the solution method. The prepared composite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. IR spectral analysis, UV–visible absorption, a.c. conductivity, and dielectric properties were investigated. The studied ErCl3‐doped samples showed different properties from those of their pure components. SEM micrographs showed that for small dopant concentrations, samples tend to form conducting nanostructures with negligible particle agglomeration. DSC showed a monotonic development of the glass transition temperature by increasing the concentration of dopant material. Variation in the height, shape, and position of the bands in infrared transmission spectra, as well as the glass transition temperatures, indicated a complex interaction with the polymer molecular chains. Thermal stability and thermodynamic parameters were found to be concentration dependent. The electronic transitions’ band gabs and energy tails were calculated from the optical data. The dielectric studies showed that the correlated barrier hopping model was the dominant mechanism of a.c. conductivity. We found that samples with 10% and 20% ErCl3 exhibited high dielectric constants and have pronounced electrostriction and relaxor‐like properties. Such samples can be used in many applications like electromechanical and thermomechanical transducers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45220.
A polycaprolactone‐based syntactic foam with bidirectional reversible actuation
Authors: Lu Lu , Cao Jinbao , Li Guoqiang
Published: May 2017

A polycaprolactone (PCL) based syntactic foam was prepared by incorporating 40% by volume of glass microspheres and crosslinking the PCL matrix with benzyl peroxide. FTIR, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and material testing system were employed to elucidate the chemical, thermal, surface, and mechanical properties of the syntactic foam. This crosslinked PCL (cPCL) syntactic foam displayed a clear two‐way shape memory effect (2W‐SME). Specifically, around 10% elongation upon cooling and 10% contraction upon heating were observed for the system at selected external loads and temperature windows. Programming was shown to be the key parameter to tune a prominent 2W‐SME of the cPCL syntactic foam. With the combined physical/mechanical properties (low density, ductile, high compressive strength, water tightness, etc.), together with its bidirectional reversible actuation, the system developed may be good for broad applications in different fields such as biomedical devices, soft robots, aircrafts, and sealants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45225.
Rheological behavior of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer and fabrication of micropyramid arrays by roll‐to‐roll hot embossing on its thin films
Authors: Li Wenjun , Song Shiqiang , Zhai Yinghao , Zhang Yong , Yi Peiyun , Lai Xinmin
Published: May 2017

Films of ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer with different vinyl acetate (VA) contents were adopted as flexible substrates for fabrication of micropyramid arrays by roll‐to‐roll (R2R) hot embossing at roller temperatures 40–80 °C. An empirical relationship between rheological behavior of EVA in rubbery state and demolding performance of the films was explored. Dependence of average forming height of micropyramid arrays on VA content and roller temperatures was investigated. Our study showed that both viscosity and relaxation behavior of EVA can be related to the ultimate forming height of micropyramids. The relationships can provide references for experimental research and industrial manufacture on R2R hot embossing. Retroreflection of micropyramid arrays was observed and transmittances of the two sides of embossed films were studied. Transmittances of the VA28 film embossed at 60 °C were 97.9% (the embossed side) and 41.8% (the smooth side), which showed potential applications in reflective film and antireflective film fields. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45228.
Open‐Label, Phase II Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab Treatment in Active Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D With Periodic Fever Syndrome
Authors: Arostegui Juan I. , Anton Jordi , Calvo Inmaculada , Robles Angel , Iglesias Estibaliz , López‐Montesinos Berta , Banchereau Romain , Hong Seunghee , Joubert Yolandi , Junge Guido , Pascual Virginia , Yagüe Jordi
Published: May 2017

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of canakinumab treatment in active hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome (HIDS).

Methods

This was a 3‐part open‐label study with an initial 6‐month treatment period in which patients with HIDS (n = 9) received canakinumab subcutaneously at a dose of 300 mg (or 4 mg/kg for those weighing ≤40 kg) every 6 weeks (period 1 [P1]), followed by a 6‐month withdrawal period (period 2 [P2]), and then a 24‐month extension treatment period with canakinumab at the same dose (period 3 [P3]). The primary end point was reduction in the frequency of attacks during treatment periods as compared to the historical period (HP; defined as the period in which patients did not receive drugs other than nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or steroids).

Results

All 9 patients completed P1 and P2, whereas only 8 patients completed P3. All patients achieved a complete response during P1, and only 2 required dose adjustments. The number of attacks per patient decreased from a median of 5 (range 3–12) during the HP to a median of 0 (range 0–2) during P1. During P2, 7 of 9 patients experienced a disease flare within a median of 110 days (range 62–196) after the last canakinumab dose. Laboratory findings were normalized by day 15 of treatment and remained at normal levels throughout the study. Analysis of blood transcriptome profiles, assessed during P1, showed up‐regulated levels of interferon and myeloid‐related inflammatory responses in untreated patients compared to healthy controls, and these rapidly decreased following canakinumab injection, reaching levels comparable to those of healthy controls. At least 1 adverse event (AE) was detected in all 9 patients. Most of the AEs were mild in intensity, with infections being the most frequent AE. Serious AEs were reported in 4 patients.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate the efficacy and safety of canakinumab treatment to control active HIDS and to suppress inflammation‐related transcriptional responses.
Design of Regulatory Traffic Light Control Systems with Synchronized Timed Petri Nets
Authors: Huang Yi‐Sheng , Weng Yi‐Shun , Zhou MengChu
Published: May 2017

Fixing the phases is one of the common methods to control an urban traffic network. Once a road is filled with a high traffic flow approaching its capacity, the conventional traffic light controller is not able to handle this traffic congestion phenomenon well. In this paper, we propose a novel regulatory traffic light control system to handle such traffic congestion by using synchronized timed Petri nets (STPNs). Three kinds of intersections in an urban traffic network are defined and employed to demonstrate our new regulatory traffic light control system models. Finally, the liveness and reversibility of the proposed STPN models are proven through the reachability graph analysis method. To our knowledge, this is the first work that solves a traffic congestion problem with a regulatory traffic light control technique that is effective in preventing vehicles from entering traffic congestion zones.
Facile Synthetic Route to a Nitrogen‐doped Titanium Oxide with Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Property via Proton Beam Irradiation
Authors: Lee Won‐Jae , Paek Seung‐Min , Oh Jae‐Min
Published: May 2017

A layered titanate with a light harvesting property only in a UV region was irradiated with a proton beam in the presence of nitrogen source like ammonium cation, in order to modify its band gap from UV to visible region. According to X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy results, a protonic titanate maintains its lamellar structure even after proton beam bombardment, showing that the crystal structure of layered titanate was preserved even after the ammonium adsorption and successive proton beam irradiation for nitrogen doping. However, UV–vis and X‐ray photoelectron spectra clearly show that the proton beam irradiation could provide enough energy to introduce ~0.5 at. % of nitrogen atoms into the titanium oxide for absorbing not only UV but also visible light. Photocurrent measurement clearly reveals that the nitrogen‐doped titanium oxide via the proton beam treatment shows highly enhanced photocurrent in comparison with that of the bare titanium oxide, suggesting that the proton beam irradiation could be a potential method for band gap engineering of a wide variety of semiconducting materials.
Novel Hybrid Catalyst for the Oxidation of Organic Acids: Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Mn‐N‐3D‐Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Perry Albert , Kabir Sadia , Matanovic Ivana , Chavez Madelaine Seow , Artyushkova Kateryna , Serov Alexey , Atanassov Plamen
Published: May 2017

This paper reports the fabrication and electrochemical performance of a hybrid catalyst composed of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn active centers integrated into the nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional graphene nanosheets (Pd/Mn−N‐3D‐GNS). Our results show that the synergistic integration of both Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn can be used to enhance the activity toward the electrochemical oxidation of organic acids at biologically relevant pH values. The hybrid catalyst (Pd/Mn−N‐3D‐GNS) showed increased maximum currents toward the oxidation of oxalic acid when compared to its individual catalysts, namely, Pd/3D‐GNS and Mn−N‐3D‐GNS catalysts. The hybrid also showed a decreased onset potential for oxidation of mesoxalic acid as compared to Mn−N‐3D‐GNS and decreased onset potentials for the oxidation of glyoxalic acid when compared to both of its constituent catalysts. Oxidation of formic acid was also tested and the hybrid was shown to catalyze both dehydration and dehydrogenation mechanisms of formic acid electro‐oxidation. Using density functional theory calculations, it was elucidated that a two‐site catalysis most likely promotes dehydrogenation reaction for formic acid oxidation, which can explain the selectivity of Pd nanoparticles and atomically dispersed Mn towards the dehydrogenation/dehydration pathway.
Rational Development of Near‐Infrared Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts, Bright One‐Photon, and Two‐Photon Emissions for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications
Authors: Zhou Liyi , Wang Qianqian , Tan Yi , Lang Matthew J. , Sun Hongyan , Liu Xiaogang
Published: May 2017

Fluorophores with near‐infrared emissions play a crucial role in numerous bioimaging and biosensing applications, owing to their deep penetration depths, low auto‐fluorescence, and minimal tissue damages. Herein, the rational development of a new class of near‐infrared fluorophores with bright one‐photon and two‐photon emissions at ≈740 nm, large Stokes shifts (≈80 nm), significant two‐photon action absorption cross‐section (≈185 GM at 820 nm), excellent water solubility, outstanding photostability, and low toxicity is reported. Their biological applications in mitochondrial labelling, deep tissue imaging, and H2S detection in live cells and mice are also demonstrated. In addition, a rational design strategy for enlarging the Stokes shifts and enhancing two‐photon emissions of these fluorophores is presented. These fluorophores will serve as a useful platform for developing novel imaging and sensing agents, and the design methodologies will inspire the molecular engineering of abundant high‐performance near‐infrared fluorophores.
Towards a new wave in internationalization of innovation? The rise of China's innovative MNEs, strategic coupling, and global economic organization
Authors: He Shaowei , Fallon Grahame , Khan Zaheer , Lew Yong Kyu , Kim Kwang‐Ho , Wei Ping
Published: May 2017

This paper examines the changes in the internationalization of innovation created by the recent surge of Chinese innovative firms and the resultant effects on global economic organization. Drawing insights from the international business, economic geography, and development studies literatures, we investigate the rise and internationalization of Chinese innovative firms from the perspective of strategic coupling, decoupling, and recoupling. This novel approach provides a first glimpse into the potential impact of Chinese innovative firms on global business leadership, power relationships in global value chains, and ultimately into global economic organization. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of 1‐Hydroxypyridine‐2(1H)‐thione‐6‐carboxylic Acid as a First‐in‐Class Low‐Cytotoxic Nanomolar Metallo β‐Lactamase Inhibitor
Authors: Shin Woo Shik , Bergstrom Alexander , Bonomo Robert A. , Crowder Michael W. , Muthyala Ramaiah , Sham Yuk Yin
Published: May 2017

VIM‐2 is one of the most common carbapenem‐hydrolyzing metallo β‐lactamases (MBL) found in many drug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial strains. Currently, there is a lack of effective lead compounds with optimal therapeutic potential within our drug development pipeline. Here we report the discovery of 1‐hydroxypyridine‐2(1H)‐thione‐6‐carboxylic acid (3) as a first‐in‐class metallo β‐lactamase inhibitor (MBLi) with a potent inhibition Ki of 13 nm against VIM‐2 that corresponds to a remarkable 0.99 ligand efficiency. We further established that 3 can restore the antibiotic activity of amoxicillin against VIM‐2‐producing E. coli in a whole cell assay with an EC50 of 110 nm. The potential mode of binding of 3 from molecular modeling provided structural insights that could corroborate the observed changes in the biochemical activities. Finally, 3 possesses a low cytotoxicity (CC50) of 97 μm with a corresponding therapeutic index of 880, making it a promising lead candidate for further optimization in combination antibacterial therapy.
Effects of tricarballylic acid on phase transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate to the dihydrate form
Authors: Polat Sevgi , Sayan Perviz
Published: May 2017

Phase transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate to calcium sulfate dihydrate was performed in a batch‐type crystallizer at 20°C in the absence and then the presence of tricarballylic acid. Three different tricarballylic concentrations 250 ppm, 1000 ppm and 2500 ppm were used throughout the experiments. The influence of tricarballylic acid used as an additive on the phase transformation was explored by conductivity measurements. During the transformation process, the crystal water content and crystal structure of the samples were also investigated via SEM, XRD, and TGA analyses. Whereas the crystals obtained in pure media had a plate‐like crystal structure, a change in crystal structure occurred in the presence of the additive. Furthermore, the activation energy of the samples was determined using three free kinetic modelling methods: Friedman, Flynn‐Wall‐ Ozawa and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose. The values of average activation energy ranged from 34.12 to 42.8 kJ/mol in pure media, but this value increased to 51.28 to 55.40 kJ/mol in the presence of the additive. Therefore, TGA‐FTIR‐MS analyses were carried out to determine whether the tricarballylic acid was adsorbed on the surface of the crystals. The TGA‐FTIR result was consistent with the TGA‐MS result, confirming that the carboxylic acid was adsorbed on the crystals.
Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Providing an Alternative Method for Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Authors: Ramakers Marleen , Trenchev Georgi , Heijkers Stijn , Wang Weizong , Bogaerts Annemie
Published: May 2017

Low‐temperature plasmas are gaining a lot of interest for environmental and energy applications. A large research field in these applications is the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels. Since CO2 is a very stable molecule, a key performance indicator for the research on plasma‐based CO2 conversion is the energy efficiency. Until now, the energy efficiency in atmospheric plasma reactors is quite low, and therefore we employ here a novel type of plasma reactor, the gliding arc plasmatron (GAP). This paper provides a detailed experimental and computational study of the CO2 conversion, as well as the energy cost and efficiency in a GAP. A comparison with thermal conversion, other plasma types and other novel CO2 conversion technologies is made to find out whether this novel plasma reactor can provide a significant contribution to the much‐needed efficient conversion of CO2. From these comparisons it becomes evident that our results are less than a factor of two away from being cost competitive and already outperform several other new technologies. Furthermore, we indicate how the performance of the GAP can still be improved by further exploiting its non‐equilibrium character. Hence, it is clear that the GAP is very promising for CO2 conversion.
Plant community composition affects the species biogeochemical niche
Authors: Urbina Ifigenia , Sardans Jordi , Grau Oriol , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Jentsch Anke , Kreyling Jüergen , Peñuelas Josep
Published: May 2017

Nutrients are essential for plant development, and their availability and stoichiometric ratios can influence the composition of plant communities. We investigated the possibility of the reverse influence: whether the conditions of contrasting species coexistence determine foliar element concentrations and plant stoichiometry, that is, species biogeochemical niche (BN). The experiment was conducted at the Ecological‐Botanical Garden of the University of Bayreuth, Germany. We analyzed foliar element concentrations of two dwarf shrubs (Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium myrtillus) and two grasses (Holcus lanatus and Arrhenatherum elatius) growing in different community compositions (monocultures and various mixed stands). Foliar nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry (taken as a proxy of species BN) were species specific; each species showed its own BN in all communities. Furthermore, V. myrtillus and H. lanatus species shifted their BN in response to changes in their community, accomplishing the “biogeochemical niche displacement” hypothesis. We conclude that plants can readjust their foliar element concentration if they grow in communities with contrasting plant composition, suggesting a differential use of element resources when the patterns of species coexistence change. These results also support the complementary niche hypothesis.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Activity of a Phenol‐Substituted Linear FeIII–Porphyrin Dimer
Authors: Tei Go , Tamaki Takashi , Hayashi Takao , Nakajima Kosuke , Sakai Akihiro , Yotsuhashi Satoshi , Ogawa Takuji
Published: May 2017

We report oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in a phenol‐substituted iron porphyrin dimer used as catalyst. Supported on carbon, FeIII–porphyrin dimer FeDOH/C shows about 60 mV higher onset potential (OP) and about 50 mV higher half‐wave potential (HWP) than those of the unsubstituted monomer (FeM/C). When these two catalysts are compared with the phenol‐substituted monomer catalyst (FeMOH/C), the improvement in the OP and HWP values for FeDOH/C with respect to those of FeM/C and FeMOH/C are attributed to its phenol group under acidic conditions and to the proximity of two active iron centers coordinated by four nitrogen ligands.
First Total Synthesis of the Bioactive Arylnaphthyl Lignan 4‐O‐Glycosides Phyllanthusmin D and 4′′‐O‐Acetylmananthoside B
Authors: Liu Lei , Hu Yang , Liu Hui , Liu De‐Yong , Xia Jian‐Hui , Sun Jian‐Song
Published: May 2017

Based on the application of phase‐transfer‐catalysis and Yu glycosylations, the first total syntheses of the arylnaphthyl glycosides phyllanthusmin D and 4′′‐O‐acetylmananthoside B, which have been claimed to be ideal antitumoral lead compounds in terms of cytotoxicity, cytotoxic selectivity, and a new mechanism of action, were achieved. Starting from easily accessible compounds, the two target molecules were obtained with longest linear sequences of 9 and 15 steps, in overall yields of 29 and 9 %, respectively. As part of this synthetic investigation, an efficient and scalable synthetic route to diphyllin was established, and the atropisomeric phenomenon in the arylnaphthyl glycosides was also confirmed.
Long‐term opioid therapy in Denmark: A disappointing journey
Authors: Birke H. , Ekholm O. , Sjøgren P. , Kurita G.P. , Højsted J.
Published: May 2017

Background

Longitudinal population‐based studies of long‐term opioid therapy (L‐TOT) in chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) patients are sparse. Our study investigated incidence and predictors for initiating L‐TOT and changes in self‐rated health, pain interference and physical activities in long‐term opioid users.

Methods

Data were obtained from the national representative Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys and The Danish National Prescription Registry. Respondents with no dispensed opioids the year before the survey were followed from 2000 and from 2005 until the end of 2012 (n = 12,145). A nationally representative subsample of individuals (n = 2015) completed the self‐administered questionnaire in both 2000 and 2013. Collected information included chronic pain (≥6 months), health behaviour, self‐rated health, pain interference with work activities and physical activities. Long‐term users were defined as those who were dispensed at least one opioid prescription in six separate months within a year.

Results

The incidence of L‐TOT was substantially higher in CNCP patients at baseline than in others (9/1000 vs. 2/1000 person‐years). Smoking behaviour and dispensed benzodiazepines were significantly associated with initiation of L‐TOT in individuals with CNCP at baseline. During follow‐up, L‐TOT in CNCP patients increased the likelihood of negative changes in pain interference with work (OR 9.2; 95% CI 1.9–43.6) and in moderate activities (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.1–12.6). The analysis of all individuals indicated a dose–response relationship between longer treatment duration and the risk of experiencing negative changes.

Conclusions

Individuals on L‐TOT seemed not to achieve the key goals of opioid therapy: pain relief, improved quality of life and functional capacity.

Significance

Long‐term opioid therapy does not seem to provide pain relief, improvement in HRQOL and physical capacity in CNCP patients in a general population.
Flexible Glass‐based Amperometric Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Fan Wenli , Xie Zhaoyang , Cui Yue
Published: May 2017

The development of flexible sensors could enable significant advances in clinical diagnosis, defense, and environmental monitoring. Flexible glass provides the flexibility and possesses stable chemical and physical properties. Here, we show that carbon graphite and silver/silver chloride inks can be printed onto flexible glass to construct amperometric sensors, and the sensors show sensitive and rapid detections of hydrogen peroxide. We anticipate that these results could provide exciting avenues for fundamental studies of flexible electronics and flexible bioelectronics, as well as a variety of applications in fields ranging from medical diagnosis to defense.
Optimization of ferulic acid production from banana stem waste using central composite design
Authors: Mohd Sharif Nurul Shareena Aqmar , Thor Ee Su , Zainol Norazwina , Jamaluddin Mohd Faizan
Published: May 2017

Abandoning banana stem waste (BSW) seems a loss since it is a good source of lignocelluloses to produce ferulic acid (FA). This study was conducted to optimize the production of FA via feruloyl polysaccharide hydrolysis from BSW by fermentation with a soil mixed culture. The optimization used response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five level‐two factor central composite design (CCD). Parameters studied were the ratio of water to BSW (v/v) and incubation time (hours). Range values for each factor were 0.5:1 to 1.5:1 ratio and 12–36 h, respectively. Interaction between these factors revealed that effect of time was greater than ratio of water to BSW, since a sufficient time is important for the mixed culture to fully use BSW during inoculation. The optimum condition was determined as 1:1 water to BSW ratio and 27 h incubation time. Under this optimized condition, the maximum FA produced was 1.17 mg FA/g BSW, which was in close agreement with predicted values (30%). This indicates that the suitability of the models was successfully developed by RSM‐CCD in optimizing the hydrolysis conditions for maximum FA production. That being said, BSW is proven useful and highly feasible for producing quality goods naturally. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1217–1223, 2017
Sorption and desorption of glyphosate in Mollisols and Ultisols soils of Argentina
Authors: Gómez Ortiz Ana Maria , Okada Elena , Bedmar Francisco , Costa José Luis
Published: May 2017

In Argentina, glyphosate use has increased exponentially in recent years as a result of the widespread adoption of no-till management combined with genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops. This massive use of glyphosate has created concern about its potential environmental impact. Sorption–desorption of glyphosate was studied in 3 Argentinean soils with contrasting characteristics. Glyphosate sorption isotherms were modeled using the Freundlich equation to estimate the sorption coefficient (Kf). Glyphosate sorption was high, and the Kf varied from 115.6 to 1612 mg1–1/nL1/n/kg. Cerro Azul soil had the highest glyphosate sorption capacity as a result of a combination of factors such as higher clay content, cation exchange capacity, total iron, and aluminum oxides, and lower available phosphorus and pH. Desorption isotherms were also modeled using the Freundlich equation. In general, desorption was very low (<12%). The low values of hysteresis coefficient confirm that glyphosate strongly sorbs to the soils and that it is almost an irreversible process. Anguil soil had a significantly higher desorption coefficient (Kfd) than the other soils, associated with its lower clay content and higher pH and phosphorus. Glyphosate high sorption and low desorption to the studied soils may prevent groundwater contamination. However, it may also affect its bioavailability, increasing its persistence and favoring its accumulation in the environment. The results of the present study contribute to the knowledge and characterization of glyphosate retention in different soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2587–2592. © 2017 SETAC
Development of Robust Metal‐Supported SOFCs and Stack Components in EU METSAPP Consortium
Authors: Sudireddy B. R. , Nielsen J. , Persson Å. H. , Thydén K. , Brodersen K. , Ramousse S. , Neagu D. , Stefan E. , Irvine J. T. S. , Geisler H. , Weber A. , Reiss G. , Schauperl R. , Rechberger J. , Froitzheim J. , Sachitanand R. , Falk‐Windisch H. , Svensson J. E. , Lundberg M. W. , Berger R. , Westlinder J. , Hornauer S. , Kiefer T.
Published: May 2017

The potential of MS‐SOFCs was demonstrated through the previous EU METSOFC project, which concluded that the development of oxidation resistant novel metal‐supported solid oxide fule cell (MS‐SOFC) design and stack is the requirement to advance this technology to the next level. The following EU METSAPP project has been executed with an overall aim of developing advanced metal‐supported cells and stacks based on a robust, reliable and up‐scalable technology. During the project, oxidation resistant nanostructured anodes based on modified SrTiO3 were developed and integrated into MS‐SOFCs to enhance their robustness. In addition, the manufacturing of metal‐supported cells with different geometries, scalability of the manufacturing process was demonstrated and more than 200 cells with an area of ∼150 cm2 were produced. The electrochemical performance of different cell generations was evaluated and best performance and stability combination was observed with doped SrTiO3 based anode designs. Furthermore, numerical models to understand the corrosion behavior of the MS‐SOFCs were developed and validated. Finally, the cost effective concept of coated metal interconnects was developed, which resulted in 90% reduction in Cr evaporation, three times lower Cr2O3 scale thickness and increased lifetime. The possibility of assembling these cells into two radically different stack designs was demonstrated.
Visualization techniques for an airborne laser scanning‐derived digital terrain model in forested steep terrain: Detecting archaeological remains in the subsurface
Authors: Roman Anamaria , Ursu Tudor‐Mihai , Lăzărescu Vlad‐Andrei , Opreanu Coriolan Horaţiu , Fărcaş Sorina
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the method used to efficiently identify and map previously unknown subsurface remains in a steep, forested, and mostly unexplored area, within the archaeological site of Porolissum, Romania. The remains are part of the defensive system of the ancient Roman Empire frontiers (Roman limes). The complementary use of high‐resolution airborne laser scanning derived digital terrain model and visualization techniques enabled the detection of 79 new, subsurface archaeological structures, most of which were confirmed by ground inspection to be key elements of the limes. The best performing methods, achieving detection of the maximum visible extent for over 75% of all features were in descending order: principal component analysis, simple local‐relief model, sky‐view factor, and positive openness. Analytical hill‐shading, slope, negative openness, and hill‐shading had a larger proportion of partial detections. The position of these ancient remains supports the hypothesis that this area was extensively deforested, for strategic purposes, during the Roman period. Employing one of the latest remote sensing techniques, we have identified the location of previously unknown, buried ancient structures of the Roman limes in Dacia Province, an essential step for compiling a database necessary for enlisting this Roman limes sector on the World Heritage List.
Polygenic scores via penalized regression on summary statistics
Authors: Mak Timothy Shin Heng , Porsch Robert Milan , Choi Shing Wan , Zhou Xueya , Sham Pak Chung
Published: May 2017

Polygenic scores (PGS) summarize the genetic contribution of a person's genotype to a disease or phenotype. They can be used to group participants into different risk categories for diseases, and are also used as covariates in epidemiological analyses. A number of possible ways of calculating PGS have been proposed, and recently there is much interest in methods that incorporate information available in published summary statistics. As there is no inherent information on linkage disequilibrium (LD) in summary statistics, a pertinent question is how we can use LD information available elsewhere to supplement such analyses. To answer this question, we propose a method for constructing PGS using summary statistics and a reference panel in a penalized regression framework, which we call lassosum. We also propose a general method for choosing the value of the tuning parameter in the absence of validation data. In our simulations, we showed that pseudovalidation often resulted in prediction accuracy that is comparable to using a dataset with validation phenotype and was clearly superior to the conservative option of setting the tuning parameter of lassosum to its lowest value. We also showed that lassosum achieved better prediction accuracy than simple clumping and P‐value thresholding in almost all scenarios. It was also substantially faster and more accurate than the recently proposed LDpred.
Impact on submarine cables due to ship anchor – soil interaction
Authors: Osthoff David , Heins Evelyn , Grabe Jürgen
Published: May 2017

Anchors are one of the main reasons for submarine cable damage. A certain permanent burial depth is necessary if the risk of submarine cable failure due to anchor penetration into the soil is to be reduced. Two factors are important for the burial depth: the penetration depth of the anchor in the first place and the influencing depth of the anchor movement. This means that cables can be damaged either by an anchor penetrating into the subsoil and coming into direct contact with the cable or by an anchor moving above the cable but inducing a pressure load on the cable. To investigate the influence of anchor movement on a submarine cable and to derive the possible damage mechanisms, numerical simulations were conducted using the Coupled Eulerian‐Lagrangian (CEL) method.
Molecular regulation of cellular iron balance
Authors: Recalcati Stefania , Gammella Elena , Buratti Paolo , Cairo Gaetano
Published: May 2017

Handling a life‐supporting yet redox‐active metal like iron represents a significant challenge to cells and organisms that must not only tightly balance intra‐ and extracellular iron concentrations but also chaperone it during its journey from its point of entry to final destinations, to prevent inappropriate generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, regulatory mechanisms have been developed to maintain appropriate cellular and body iron levels. In intracellular compartments, about 95% of iron is protein‐bound and the expression of the major proteins of iron metabolism is controlled by an integrated and dynamic system involving multilayered levels of regulation. However, dysregulation of iron homeostasis, which could result from both iron‐related and unrelated effectors, may occur and have important pathological consequences in a number of human disorders. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the mechanisms that keep cellular iron balance and outline recent advances that increased our knowledge of the molecular physiology of iron metabolism. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(6):389–398, 2017
Quadricuspid aortic valve infective endocarditis
Authors: Jackson Christopher , Sarwar Tahira , Hwang Inyong , Joglekar Kiran , Alsafwah Shadwan
Published: May 2017

Infective endocarditis complicating a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is rare. Previous reports highlight the increased risk for complications, including progressive aortic regurgitation, decompensated heart failure, and valve perforation. Thus, cardiologists must be able to quickly identify QAVs to guide rapid evaluation and treatment. We report a case of infective endocarditis in a QAV identified on echocardiography and effectively managed with medical therapy alone without complications over an 8‐year follow‐up period. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:145–148, 2018
The ultrasound appearance of an unusual fetal pericardial cyst
Authors: Ranzini Angela C. , Shakir Hussain , Nadaraj Sumekala , Sulaiman Sannoh , Polam Sharada
Published: May 2017

We describe the prenatal and postnatal sonographic findings and postnatal course in the first reported patient with a posterior mediastinal pericardial cyst. We then review and discuss current knowledge about the management of prenatally diagnosed cystic structures of the pericardium. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:149–151, 2018
Fabry disease and its cardiac involvement
Authors: Kubo Toru
Published: May 2017

Fabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder that results from a deficiency of α‐galactosidase A activity. This enzymatic defect leads to the progressive accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body and causes multisystemic problems including neurological, ocular, skin, renal, and cardiac manifestations in classical type of FD. The majority of patients with this disease have cardiac involvement that is mainly manifested as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A cardiac variant of FD with late‐onset isolated cardiac manifestation has also been recognized. Recent studies have revealed that the prevalence of FD in patients with unexplained LVH is about 1%. Cardiac involvement of FD is associated with significant morbidity and early death due to heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias. As disease‐specific enzyme replacement therapy is now available for FD, correct diagnosis is important.
Early‐stage diffuse panbronchiolitis in a young patient confirmed by video‐assisted lung biopsy: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Yasutaka , Kawabata Yoshinori , Iwai Yuki , Kudo Fumiaki , Kawamura Rumi , Miwa Chihiro , Nagai Yoshiaki , Koyama Shinichiro
Published: May 2017

A 29‐year‐old man presented with sputum and cough, which were pointed out by his neighbors. A high‐resolution chest computed tomography scan showed well‐defined multiple centrilobular nodules and a tree‐in‐bud pattern. Chest auscultation revealed coarse crackles. He did not report any nasal sinus symptoms. We subsequently performed a video‐assisted lung biopsy; the specimen confirmed diffuse panbronchiolitis. Subsequently, sinusitis was confirmed by an otolaryngologist. His symptoms gradually improved following treatment with erythromycin. We report a case of early‐stage diffuse panbronchiolitis in a young patient, with multiple intralobular nodules, no bronchiectasis, and a good clinical course.
Response assessment of stereotactic body radiation therapy using dynamic contrast‐enhanced integrated MR‐PET in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Huang Yu‐Sen , Chen Jenny Ling‐Yu , Hsu Feng‐Ming , Huang Jei‐Yie , Ko Wei‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Chang , Jaw Fu‐Shan , Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Chang Yeun‐Chung
Published: May 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the response in patients undergoing SBRT using dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) integrated magnetic resonance positron emission tomography (MR‐PET). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is efficacious as a front‐line local treatment for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

We prospectively enrolled 19 lung tumors in 17 nonmetastatic NSCLC patients who were receiving SBRT as a primary treatment. They underwent DCE‐integrated 3T MR‐PET before and 6 weeks after SBRT. The following image parameters were analyzed: tumor size, standardized uptake value (SUV), apparent diffusion coefficient, Ktrans, kep, ve, vp, and iAUC60. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed at 3 months after SBRT.

Results

SBRT treatment led to tumor changes including significant decreases in the SUVmax (–61%, P < 0.001), Ktrans mean (–72%, P = 0.005), Ktrans standard deviation (SD; –85%, P = 0.046), kep mean (–53%, P = 0.014), kep SD (–63%, P = 0.001), and vp SD (–58%, P = 0.002). The PET SUVmax was correlated with the MR kep mean (P = 0.002) and kep SD (P < 0.001). The percentage reduction in Ktrans mean (P < 0.001) and kep mean (P = 0.034) at 6 weeks post‐SBRT were significantly correlated with the percentage reduction in tumor size, as measured using CT at 3 months after SBRT. Univariate analyses revealed a trend toward disease progression when the initial SUVmax > 10 (P = 0.083).

Conclusion

In patients with NSCLC who are receiving SBRT, DCE‐integrated MR‐PET can be used to evaluate the response after SBRT and to predict the local treatment outcome.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:191–199.
Interannual variability of extratropical transient wave activity and its influence on rainfall over Uruguay
Authors: Barreiro Marcelo
Published: May 2017

We explore the interannual variability of summertime extratropical transient activity and assess its influence on rainfall over southeastern South America focusing on Uruguay. Transient wave activity is characterized calculating the group velocity using daily mean meridional velocity at 300 hPa.

It is found that transient activity shows strong interannual variability consisting in patterns that represent a strengthening of wave activity in the subtropical Pacific, and meridional shifts in the position of the Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks. Part of the variability is associated with El Niño, which strongly influences northern Uruguay. Rainfall in southern Uruguay is correlated with latitudinal shifts in transient wave activity such that a strengthening in transient energy between 35° and 45°S extending from the southeastern Pacific into the South American continent favours positive anomalies.

For El Niño to induce increased rainfall over southern Uruguay it has to force two stationary waves: one that emanates from central Pacific describing an arch of low curvature into high latitudes and then towards the south Atlantic and another shorter wave that emanates from the eastern Pacific turning north‐eastward at the latitude of the subtropical jet. When the latter is strong, surface northerlies reach southern Uruguay destabilizing the atmosphere due to enhanced transport of moisture and warm air. Coincident changes in transient wave activity south of 35°S increases the associated frontal activity and thus can induce positive rainfall anomalies by tapping the increased available moisture. In this case, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are maximum in the central equatorial Pacific. On the other hand, a warmer eastern Pacific generates a stationary wave that shifts the subtropical jet northward increasing rainfall over south Brazil and decreasing it to the south of Uruguay. Thus, the summertime influence of El Niño over southern Uruguay is strongly dependent on the pattern of equatorial Pacific SST anomalies.
A randomized controlled trial of Velcro versus standard twill ties following pediatric tracheotomy
Authors: Hart Catherine K. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Prosser John Drew , Brumbaugh Cheryl , Myer Amy , Ward Jonette A. , de Alarcon Alessandro
Published: May 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

Tracheotomy is a common procedure. A reliable method of securing the tracheotomy tube is essential to minimize accidental decannulation. However, skin breakdown has been reported in ∼30% of patients. We sought to evaluate rates of skin‐related complications and accidental decannulation with the use of Velcro ties compared to twill ties.

Study Design

A nonblinded, randomized controlled trial comparing Velcro versus twill ties in patients undergoing tracheotomy between July 1, 2014 and January 31, 2016.

Methods

Patients ≤21 years of age were recruited and randomized to receive either Velcro or twill ties. The primary outcome measure was skin‐related complications. The secondary outcome measure was accidental decannulation. Outcome measures were followed through postoperative day 5.

Results

Ninety‐three patients were eligible, and 63 were enrolled. No patients were withdrawn. Fifty‐seven patients were included in the analysis. Twenty‐seven (47.4%) received Velcro, and 30 (52.6%) received twill. Five enrolled patients did not undergo tracheotomy (one Velcro, four twill). One was diagnosed with a genetic skin condition after enrollment but prior to undergoing tracheotomy. Patient characteristics were similar between groups. No significant differences were found with respect to skin‐related complications (P = .59). Six patients (20%) with twill ties required early tie change compared to two (7.4%) with Velcro ties (P = .5). Two accidental decannulations occurred in the twill group compared to one in the Velcro group (P = 1.0).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated no differences in skin‐related complications or accidental decannulation between Velcro and twill tracheotomy ties in the immediate postoperative period following tracheotomy. Our study suggests that Velcro ties are a viable alternative to twill ties.

Level of Evidence

1b Laryngoscope, 127:1996–2001, 2017