bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi kemampuan pelaporan SPT tahunan wajib pajak orang pribadi bagi pegawai pondok pesantren
Authors: Mukaromah Lailatul , Noviriani Eliza , Alrizwan U Ari , Zurmansyah EE
Published: June 2023

Pegawai pondok pesantren M. Basiuni Imran masih banyak yang belum mampu mengoperasikan e-filing sehingga berakibat hampir 90 % pegawai tidak melaporkan SPT tahunan dan hanya 10% pegawai yang melaporkan SPT pajak tahunan dengan e-filing. Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan guna membantu wajib pajak orang pribadi khususnya pegawai pondok pesantren M. Basuini Imran dalam mengisi dan melaporkan SPT tahunan orang pribadi 1770s dan 1770ss menggunakan e-filing. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan dengan metode Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR). Teknik penyelesaian yang ditawarkan adalah melalui pendekatan pelatihan, diskusi dan atau tanya jawab serta praktik. Pelatihan ini menggunakan teknik ceramah dan diskusi. Pelatihan yang telah diselenggarakan berdampak pada peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta pelatihan dalam hal pelaporan pajak menggunakan e-filing dari sebelum nya yang belum mengetahui mekanisme pelaporan pajak. Melalui peningkatan pengetahuan serta keterampilan pelaporan pajak secara online, pegawai pondok pesantren M. Basiuni Imran terdorong untuk melaporkan pajak terhutang kepada negara. Kedepannya, pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dapat memperluas mitra sasaran yaitu tidak hanya bagi satu pondok pesantren di Kabupaten Sambas.
‘As he came, so, mysteriously, did he vanish’: John George Glass, teacher in Lerwick, 1842–54
Authors: Smith Brian
Published: June 2023

In the mid-nineteenth century some merchants in Lerwick employed Moravian teachers, several from Ockbrook in Derbyshire, to teach in a series of schools that they established in the town. From 1842–54 John George Glass presided in one of their Subscription Schools, and later as parish headmaster. His teaching methods and personality, and the choir and orchestra that he established in Lerwick, ensured that he was long remembered and esteemed after his untimely death.
Bog, Bothy, Zen: Introducing Sydney Scroggie's Environmental and Metaphysical Thought
Authors: Leith Sarah
Published: June 2023

Dundee poet and disabled hillwalker Sydney Scroggie is less well-known today than Nan Shepherd, Aberdeen’s spiritually and environmentally aware Scottish poet and mountaineer. Thanks both to Robert Macfarlane and Samantha Walton, there has been a recent revival in Shepherd studies, and this article, the first to consider Scroggie’s life and his writings, seeks to introduce Scroggie and his works to this conversation. While research into Shepherd has challenged traditional ideas of hillwalking as the sport of the lonely male mountaineer, Scroggie challenges any preconceived notions that hillwalking is an essentially abled activity. A nature writer, Scroggie’s writing presents an ecosystem of the senses where the physical and the metaphysical interact. By considering his environmental and metaphysical thought, this article presents Scroggie as a figure hitherto unfairly neglected by studies of both Scottish and British environmental thought, as well as Scottish literature. In similar ways to Shepherd and Frank Fraser Darling, Scroggie viewed humans and environment as intimately connected, and the Cairngorms as a landscape that should be respected and protected.
Başkurt Çocuk Folklorunda Kültürel Bellek Aktarıcısı Olarak Ninniler
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Zulfikar
Published: June 2023

Bir topluma ait olay ve olgulara yönelik paylaşılan zihinsel temsillere genel anlamda kültürel bellek ya da kolektif hafıza denmektedir. Özetle kültürel bellek olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu alan içerisinde toplumsal kabul ve retlerimizin kendine yer bulduğunu ifade etmek mümkündür. Bu alan sadece toplumda yaşayan bireylerin kim olduklarına dair bilgiyi değil, aynı zamanda toplumun ne olduğuna dair bilgiyi de içermektedir. Kültürel belleğin en önemli işlevlerinden biri de nesiller arası kültürel aktarım ve sürekliliği sağlamasıdır. Sözlü anlatı geleneğimiz içerisinde kültürel bellek aktarıcısı işlevine haiz önemli türlerden biri de ninnilerdir. Ninniler çocukları uyutmak ve rahatlatmak için anneleri tarafından söylenen ahenkli ve ritmik sözlerdir. Bu sözlerde anne tarafından en kutsal duygu ve dilekler açık ve örtük bir biçimde ifade edilir. Türk dünyası sözlü anlatı geleneğinde ortak bir unsur olarak kendine yer bulan ninniler, Başkurt Türklerinin folklorunda da kuşaklararası aktarılarak ve güncellenerek yaşam kabiliyeti göstermiştir. Başkurt Türklerinin folklorunda ninniler için beşik şarkıları anlamına gelen beşik yırları ifadesi kullanılmaktadır. Başkurtlar Türklerinde ninnileri genel olarak ses uyumuna dayalı melodik ninniler, iyi dilek ninnileri ve kötü ruhlardan ya da nesnelerden korunmak için söylenen ninniler şeklinde tasnif etmek mümkündür. Ayrıca bu ninnilerde birçok duygu ve düşünce metaforlarla ifade edilmektedir. Başkurt Türklerinin ninnilerinde özellikle vatan, toprak, eğitim, meslek, ilim, irfan, güzellik, liderlik, cesaret, vatanseverlik, kahramanlık, dindarlık ve aile kavramları sıklıkla dile gelmektedir. Bu durum aynı zamanda Başkurt Türklerinin bebeklik çağından itibaren çocuk yetiştirme noktasında, bireysel ve toplumsal anlamdaki duyarlılıklarını hangi kavramlar çerçevesinde ele aldıklarını göstermesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Başkurt Türk ninnilerinin bu bağlamda, kültürel belleğin açık ve örtük bir biçimde kuşaklararası aktarılması ve sürdürülebilir olmasında önemli birden çok işleve sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makale ile Türkiye’de daha önce çalışılmamış Başkurt çocuk folklorundaki ninniler ilk defa ele alınacak ve tüm detayları ile tartışılacaktır. Bu anlamda makale özgünlüğü ve niteliği ile öne çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, Başkurt Türklerinde ninniyle alakalı çalışmalara bakıldığında kültürel bellek noktasındaki yeri ve önemine dikkat çekilmediği görülmektedir. Bu makaleyle birlikte Başkurt ninnileriyle alakalı başta işlevsel ve kültürel bellek konularında önerilerin sunulması ve Anadolu sahası ninnileri ile karşılaştırmalı çalışmaların yapılmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Makale çalışması esnasında Başkurt Devlet Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi’nde, başkent Ufa’da mevcut diğer kütüphanelerde ve Rusya Bilimler Akademisi’ne bağlı Ufa Federal Araştırma Merkezi Arşivi’nde bulunan literatürden detaylı bir şekilde istifade edilmiştir.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI KESEHATAN MELALUI SHORT VIDEO BAGI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU KESEHATAN
Authors: Al Hanif Davin Risy , Mahdalena Vina , Handayani Lusia
Published: June 2023

Mencuci tangan dengan gerakan yang benar merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah penularan Covid-19. Untuk itu akun Alodokter Indonesia mencoba untuk melakukan edukasi komunikasi kesehatan di media baru melalui posting video “Gerakan Cuci Tangan yang Benar” melalui akun TikTok @Alodokter.ID. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif posting video “Gerakan Cuci Tangan yang Benar” dengan menggunakan teori media baru dan efek media. Metode penelitian kuantitatif eksplanatif digunakan untuk meneliti 100 followers akun TikTok @Alodokter.ID sebagai sampel penelitian. Penarikan data sampel menggunakan metode purposive, nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan menggunakan Google Form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  ditolak dan  diterima: Posting video “Gerakan Cuci Tangan yang Benar” dinilai efektif dalam mengubah perilaku kesehatan mencuci tangan followers akun TikTok @Alodokter.ID, namun hanya sampai pada tahap sikap dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,589 yang termasuk dalam kategori “sedang” dan nilai regresi yang positif 0,694. Short video telah menjadi media kampanye yang efektif di dunia komunikasi khususnya kesehatan. Daya tarik pesan pada short video menjadi tolak ukur tertinggi bagi audiens untuk melanjutkan atau mengganti video yang sedang ditonton.
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning in Science Education on Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analytical Study
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Division of Curriculum and Instruction, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey, Uluçınar Ufuk
Published: June 2023

This meta-analysis study aimed to scrutinize the effect of the problem-based learning (PBL) approach on students’ academic achievement in science lessons compared to the traditional instructional approach. As research data, the researcher accessed 55 experimental studies as a result of steps of a systematic review with the keywords “problem-based learning,” “science,” and “academic achievement or success” from the Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Taylor and Francis, Center of Higher Education National Thesis Center, and Wiley Online databases. The results showed that the PBL method used in science education had a high effect size on academic achievement compared to the traditional instructional method. The results also explained significant differences between the effect sizes of publication types (conference papers, articles, master’s thesis, and doctoral thesis). On the other hand, they demonstrated that academic achievement was similar in the nationality of the studies, educational levels, instructional variations with PBL, and relevant science areas. It is expected that integrating innovative instructional approaches into PBL could guide researchers who establish a research problem about how it can affect science academic achievement.
Influence of Peer Tutoring on Undergraduate Students’ Anxiety in Integrated Science: A Case Study of University of Education, Winneba
Authors:   Department of Integrated Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana,, Owusu-Fordjour Collins , Koomson Charles Kwesi ,   Department of Integrated Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana,, Annan Stephen Twumasi ,   Department of Integrated Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana,, Asante Ruth Otison ,   College of Distance and E-Learning, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
Published: June 2023

The study’s goal was to determine how peer tutoring affected the anxiety of undergraduate students studying Integrated Science at the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) in Ghana’s Central Region. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design. Out of 193 students majoring in Integrated Science in their last year at UEW, the researchers chose a sample size of 82 for the survey using a simple random selection procedure. Interviews and a questionnaire served as the study’s research tools. After the students completed the surveys, the respondents were then questioned to discover their answers. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to enter, purify, and analyze the gathered data. The data were arranged into frequency and percentages using the descriptive SPSS function. Due to academic pressure and a fear of failing, the study’s findings indicated that the respondents experienced extremely high levels of anxiety in Integrated Science. In addition, it was discovered that one of the main contributors to Integrated Science anxiety was that most students paid attention to what their peers had to say about the program, and in particular, some courses, which had instilled fear in them even before they had taken the course. The study suggested that teachers do their best to aid students’ comprehension and that teachers should encourage students to interact more with one another.
The Flipped Classroom: Enhancing Self-confidence among Adolescents Studying Chemistry
Authors:   Department of Education, University College Cork, Ireland, Gallagher Ryan
Published: June 2023

One of the key aims of post-primary education in Ireland is to develop all aspects of the individual, such as the creative, critical, and intellectual to prepare them for working life, for living in the community, and for leisure. Student self-confidence and student agency are critical to the students’ development at this stage. The flipped classroom is a model within the blended learning pedagogy and is one that has gained considerable attention in educational circles since school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of the flipped classroom toward developing student self-confidence are noteworthy. However, at the national and international level, the vast majority of research on the flipped classroom is third-level focused. This paper discusses a number of issues that arose from data collected from research carried out by the author and how the flipped classroom could benefit adolescents preparing for the Irish Leaving Certificate Chemistry summative examination. The results obtained in this study are significant as little research has been carried out on the implementation of the flipped classroom within an Irish secondary school setting. Video lessons are often seen as the core resource in the implementation of the flipped classroom. However, video lessons alone were insufficient for developing student self-confidence. Students required multiple resources, particularly resources focused on assessment, to bolster their self-esteem. It was found that the successful implementation of the flipped classroom was achievable, but scaffolding was required for these adolescents. Some scaffolding was also required initially for teachers as almost all teachers involved in this study were not familiar with the flipped classroom concept. Teachers required a guide in terms of the implementation of new teaching methods. The technology is currently available to create high quality resources for the flipped classroom; however, in respect to policy development, the support for online learning should be pedagogy led as opposed to technology led.
Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes and Views toward STEM Education
Authors:   Department of Educational Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey, Kırkıç Kamil Arif , Arıkan Elif Esra ,   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: June 2023

To produce ideas, products, and industries for the 21st-century scientists, technologists, engineers, and mathematicians are needed. It is necessary to increase the number of people who provide technical support to the problems of individuals, set a standard for the lives of the people of the world, and manage global or national life with a sustainable decision-making mechanism. Raising these individuals can only be possible through education. Countries trying to make themselves technologically aware are looking for modern methods of teaching, one of which is science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This research aimed to determine the attitude of primary school teachers toward the STEM approach and to find out their views on the STEM approach in the primary school curriculum. Students encounter the STEM approach while they are in primary school. However, all primary school teachers do not teach only science and math; they also teach other courses such as social sciences, language, ethics, music, and art. Therefore, teacher orientation toward the STEM approach in science and math courses is crucial. This research was concurrent mixed-method research that collected quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously. The STEM attitude scale was used as a quantitative data collection tool and qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive and content analyses. The study’s most important results showed no significant difference between STEM attitude scores regarding technology familiarity. Another significant result was that teachers who participated in quantitative and qualitative studies scored above average on the STEM attitude scale. The research results imply that pre-service primary school teachers should be given the STEM approach.
Expression of Novel L-Leucine Dehydrogenase and High-Level Production of L-Tert-Leucine Catalyzed by Engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Jia Yuan-Yuan , Xie Yu-Li , Yang Lu-Lu , Shi Hong-Ling , Lu Yun-Feng , Zhang Si-Pu , Tang Cun-Duo , Yao Lun-Guang , Kan Yun-Chao
Published: June 2023

Graphical Abstract

Genome mining of Leucine dehydrogenase and one-pot synthesis of L-tert-leucine from trimethylpyruvic acid.
Improvements of tooth movement efficiency and torque control in expanding the arch with clear aligners: a finite element analysis
Authors: Yao Song , Jiang Wei , Wang Chunjuan , He Yao , Wang Chao , Huang Lan
Published: June 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of different movement strategies, embossment structures, and torque compensation of the aligner on tooth movement during arch expansion using clear aligners by finite element analysis.

Methods: Models comprising the maxilla, dentition, periodontal ligament, and aligners were created and imported into a finite element analysis software. The tests were performed using the following: three orders of tooth movement (including alternating movement with the first premolar and first molar, whole movement with second premolar and first molar or premolars and first molar), four different shapes of embossment structures (ball, double ball, cuboid, cylinder, with 0.05, 0.1, 0.15-mm interference) and torque compensation (0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, and 5°).

Results: The expansion of clear aligners caused the target tooth to move obliquely. Alternating movement resulted in higher movement efficiency with lower anchorage loss as compared with whole movement. Embossment increased the efficiency of crown movement but did not contribute positively to torque control. As the angle of compensation increased, the tendency of oblique tooth movement was gradually controlled; however, the movement efficiency decreased concurrently, and stress distribution on the periodontal ligament became more even. For each 1° increase in compensation, the torque per millimeter of the first premolar would decrease by 0.26°/mm, and the crown movement efficiency eliminate decreased by 4.32%.

Conclusion: Alternating movement increases the efficiency of the arch expansion by the aligner and reduces anchorage loss. Torque compensation should be designed to enhance torque control in arch expansion using an aligner.
A specific H2/CO2 consumption molar ratio of 3 as a signature for the chain elongation of carboxylates from brewer’s spent grain acidogenesis
Authors: Henry Grégoire B. L. , Awedem Wobiwo Florent , Isenborghs Arnaud , Nicolay Thomas , Godin Bruno , Stenuit Benoit A. , Gerin Patrick A.
Published: June 2023

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is an undervalorized organic feedstock residue composed of fermentable macromolecules, such as proteins, starch, and residual soluble carbohydrates. It also contains at least 50% (as dry weight) of lignocellulose. Methane-arrested anaerobic digestion is one of the promising microbial technologies to valorize such complex organic feedstock into value-added metabolic intermediates, such as ethanol, H2, and short-chain carboxylates (SCC). Under specific fermentation conditions, these intermediates can be microbially transformed into medium-chain carboxylates through a chain elongation pathway. Medium-chain carboxylates are of great interest as they can be used as bio-based pesticides, food additives, or components of drug formulations. They can also be easily upgraded by classical organic chemistry into bio-based fuels and chemicals. This study investigates the production potential of medium-chain carboxylates driven by a mixed microbial culture in the presence of BSG as an organic substrate. Because the conversion of complex organic feedstock to medium-chain carboxylates is limited by the electron donor content, we assessed the supplementation of H2 in the headspace to improve the chain elongation yield and increase the production of medium-chain carboxylates. The supply of CO2 as a carbon source was tested as well. The additions of H2 alone, CO2 alone, and both H2 and CO2 were compared. The exogenous supply of H2 alone allowed CO2 produced during acidogenesis to be consumed and nearly doubled the medium-chain carboxylate production yield. The exogenous supply of CO2 alone inhibited the whole fermentation. The supplementation of both H2 and CO2 allowed a second elongation phase when the organic feedstock was exhausted, which increased the medium-chain carboxylate production by 285% compared to the N2 reference condition. Carbon- and electron-equivalent balances, and the stoichiometric ratio of 3 observed for the consumed H2/CO2, suggest an H2- and CO2-driven second elongation phase, converting SCC to medium-chain carboxylates without an organic electron donor. The thermodynamic assessment confirmed the feasibility of such elongation.
Nitrogen recovery from low-value biogenic feedstocks via steam gasification to methylotrophic yeast biomass
Authors: Shirvani Roghayeh , Bartik Alexander , Alves Gustavo A. S. , Garcia de Otazo Hernandez Daniel , Müller Stefan , Föttinger Karin , Steiger Matthias G.
Published: June 2023

Carbon and nitrogen are crucial elements for life and must be efficiently regenerated in a circular economy. Biomass streams at the end of their useful life, such as sewage sludge, are difficult to recycle even though they contain organic carbon and nitrogen components. Gasification is an emerging technology to utilize such challenging waste streams and produce syngas that can be further processed into, e.g., Fischer-Tropsch fuels, methane, or methanol. Here, the objective is to investigate if nitrogen can be recovered from product gas cleaning in a dual fluidized bed (DFB) after gasification of softwood pellets to form yeast biomass. Yeast biomass is a protein-rich product, which can be used for food and feed applications. An aqueous solution containing ammonium at a concentration of 66 mM was obtained and by adding other nutrients it enables the growth of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii to form 6.2 g.L−1 dry yeast biomass in 3 days. To further integrate the process, it is discussed how methanol can be obtained from syngas by chemical catalysis, which is used as a carbon source for the yeast culture. Furthermore, different gas compositions derived from the gasification of biogenic feedstocks including sewage sludge, bark, and chicken manure are evaluated for their ability to yield methanol and yeast biomass. The different feedstocks are compared based on their potential to yield methanol and ammonia, which are required for the generation of yeast biomass. It was found that the gasification of bark and chicken manure yields a balanced carbon and nitrogen source for the formation of yeast biomass. Overall, a novel integrated process concept based on renewable, biogenic feedstocks is proposed connecting gasification with methanol synthesis to enable the formation of protein-rich yeast biomass.
Design and application of artificial rare L-lysine codons in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Yang Cuiping , Peng Zehao , Yang Lu , Du Bowen , Guo Chuanzhuang , Sui Songsen , Wang Jianbin , Li Junlin , Wang Junqing , Li Nan
Published: June 2023

Background: L-lysine is widely used in the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries, and screening for high L-lysine-producing strains has become a key goal for the industry.

Methods: We constructed the rare L-lysine codon AAA by corresponding tRNA promoter replacement in C. glutamicum. Additionally, a screening marker related to the intracellular L-lysine content was constructed by converting all L-lysine codons of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into the artificial rare codon AAA. The artificial EGFP was then ligated into pEC-XK99E and transformed into competent Corynebacterium glutamicum 23604 cells with the rare L-lysine codon. After atmospheric and room-temperature plasma mutation and induction culture, 55 mutants (0.01% of total cells) with stronger fluorescence were sorted using flow cytometry, and further screened by fermentation in a 96-deep-well plate and 500 mL shaker.

Results: The fermentation results showed that the L-lysine production was increased by up to 9.7% in the mutant strains with higher fluorescence intensities, and that the highest screening positive rate was 69%, compared with that in the wild-type strain.

Conclusion: The application of artificially constructed rare codons in this study represents an efficient, accurate, and simple method for screening other amino acid-producing microorganisms.
Physical processing for decellularized nerve xenograft in peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Hsu Ming-Wei , Chen Szu-Han , Tseng Wan-Ling , Hung Kuo-Shu , Chung Tzu-Chun , Lin Sheng-Che , Koo Jahyun , Hsueh Yuan-Yu
Published: June 2023

In severe or complex cases of peripheral nerve injuries, autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard yielding promising results, but limited availability and donor site morbidity are some of its disadvantages. Although biological or synthetic substitutes are commonly used, clinical outcomes are inconsistent. Biomimetic alternatives derived from allogenic or xenogenic sources offer an attractive off-the-shelf supply, and the key to successful peripheral nerve regeneration focuses on an effective decellularization process. In addition to chemical and enzymatic decellularization protocols, physical processes might offer identical efficiency. In this comprehensive minireview, we summarize recent advances in the physical methods for decellularized nerve xenograft, focusing on the effects of cellular debris clearance and stability of the native architecture of a xenograft. Furthermore, we compare and summarize the advantages and disadvantages, indicating the future challenges and opportunities in developing multidisciplinary processes for decellularized nerve xenograft.
Hypoxia-Mediated Complement 1q Binding Protein Regulates Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Modulates the PKC-NF-κB-VCAM-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Hao , Chu Yijun , Sun Shanshan , Li Guozheng , Xu Shouping , Zhang Xianyu , Jiang Yongdong , Gao Song , Wang Qin , Zhang Jian , Pang Da
Published: June 2023

Graphical Abstract

In TNBC cells, the inhibition of C1QBP suppresses PKC–NF-κB signaling in cytoplasm, upregulating Iκβα expression, thereby decreasing the VCAM-1 expression by lowering p65 level in nucleus in normoxic conditions. When TNBC cells are exposed to hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α upregulates C1QBP expression. The inhibition of C1QBP notably suppresses the activation of hypoxia-induced PKC–NF-κB signaling and decreases VCAM-1 level, resulting in metastasis blocking and PTX drug chemoresistance decreasing of TNBC cells.
LncRNA Tuna is activated in cadmium-induced placental insufficiency and drives the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response
Authors: Simmers Mark D. , Jima Dereje D. , Tsuji Yoshiaki , Cowley Michael
Published: June 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal found throughout the environment and one of the top ten toxicants of major public health concern identified by the World Health Organization. In utero Cd exposure causes fetal growth restriction, malformation, and spontaneous abortion; however, the mechanisms by which Cd impacts these outcomes are poorly understood. Cd accumulates in the placenta, suggesting that these negative outcomes may be a consequence of disrupted placental function and placental insufficiency. To understand the impact of Cd on gene expression within the placenta, we developed a mouse model of Cd-induced fetal growth restriction through maternal consumption of CdCl2 and performed RNA-seq on control and CdCl2 exposed placentae. The top differentially expressed transcript was the Tcl1 Upstream Neuron-Associated (Tuna) long non-coding RNA, which was upregulated over 25-fold in CdCl2 exposed placentae. Tuna has been shown to be critical for neural stem cell differentiation. However, within the placenta, there is no evidence that Tuna is normally expressed or functional at any developmental stage. To determine the spatial expression of Cd-activated Tuna within the placenta, we used in situ hybridization as well as placental layer-specific RNA isolation and analysis. Both methods confirmed the absence of Tuna expression in control samples and determined that Cd-induced Tuna expression is specific to the junctional zone. Since many lncRNAs regulate gene expression, we hypothesized that Tuna forms part of the mechanism of Cd-induced transcriptomic changes. To test this, we over-expressed Tuna in cultured choriocarcinoma cells and compared gene expression profiles to those of control and CdCl2 exposed cells. We demonstrate significant overlap between genes activated by Tuna overexpression and genes activated by CdCl2 exposure, with enrichment in the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. Herein we analyze the NRF2 pathway and show that Tuna increases NRF2/NRF2 both at the transcript and protein levels. Tuna drives increased NRF2 target gene expression, a result that is abrogated with the use of an NRF2 inhibitor, confirming that Tuna activates oxidative stress response genes through this pathway. This work identifies the lncRNA Tuna as a potential novel player in Cd-induced placental insufficiency.
Using mechanistic models and machine learning to design single-color multiplexed nascent chain tracking experiments
Authors: Raymond William S. , Ghaffari Sadaf , Aguilera Luis U. , Ron Eric , Morisaki Tatsuya , Fox Zachary R. , May Michael P. , Stasevich Timothy J. , Munsky Brian
Published: June 2023

mRNA translation is the ubiquitous cellular process of reading messenger-RNA strands into functional proteins. Over the past decade, large strides in microscopy techniques have allowed observation of mRNA translation at a single-molecule resolution for self-consistent time-series measurements in live cells. Dubbed Nascent chain tracking (NCT), these methods have explored many temporal dynamics in mRNA translation uncaptured by other experimental methods such as ribosomal profiling, smFISH, pSILAC, BONCAT, or FUNCAT-PLA. However, NCT is currently restricted to the observation of one or two mRNA species at a time due to limits in the number of resolvable fluorescent tags. In this work, we propose a hybrid computational pipeline, where detailed mechanistic simulations produce realistic NCT videos, and machine learning is used to assess potential experimental designs for their ability to resolve multiple mRNA species using a single fluorescent color for all species. Our simulation results show that with careful application this hybrid design strategy could in principle be used to extend the number of mRNA species that could be watched simultaneously within the same cell. We present a simulated example NCT experiment with seven different mRNA species within the same simulated cell and use our ML labeling to identify these spots with 90% accuracy using only two distinct fluorescent tags. We conclude that the proposed extension to the NCT color palette should allow experimentalists to access a plethora of new experimental design possibilities, especially for cell Signaling applications requiring simultaneous study of multiple mRNAs.
On the improvement of the single-site lightning distance estimation by using the time-delay correction
Authors: Zhou Jiahao , Zhang Qilin , Song Lin , Zhang Junchao , Dai Bingzhe , Li Jie , Yang Jing , Wang Yao , Gu Jiaying , Zeng Jinquan
Published: June 2023

Due to the propagation effect, the arrival time of the ground wave peak is delayed when sferics propagate at long distances. In this work, we propose a new method combined with a numerical algorithm to correct the effect of the ground wave peak time delay and calculate the ionosphere height using the difference between the arrival time of the ground wave and the skywave. The results showed that, with each increase of the propagation distance by 100 km, the delay in arrival time of the ground wave peak increased by an average of 0.9 μs. For the first and second reflectance heights, the maximum heights observed at night were 86 km and 89 km, and the minimum heights during the day were 66 km and 69 km, respectively. Using the difference in arrival time between the ground wave and skywave and the ionosphere equivalent reflection height, a single site was used to estimate the distance of lightning occurring within 900 km. This method had an average relative error of 14.6%, an average absolute error of 128.8 km, and a median distance error of 52.6 km. Finally, the percentage of data with an estimated deviation within 10% increased from 52% to 65%.
Distribution characteristics of organic matter in the Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin: implications for hydrocarbon generation model in alkaline lacustrine deposition
Authors: Ni Minjie , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tang Yong , He Wenjun
Published: June 2023

Alkaline lacustrine deposits are known for their high primary productivity, unique aquatic environments, and sedimentary patterns, which are conducive to the formation and preservation of organic matter. Consequently, related source rocks have significant hydrocarbon generation potential. The study of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag in the Junggar Basin serves as a good example for understanding organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation characteristics of such alkaline lacustrine deposits source rocks. However, the characteristics of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation model in the source rocks of Fengcheng Formation lack systematic research, thus hindering exploration planning and favorable area selection. In this study, analysis of mineral content based on X-ray diffraction and organic geochemical analysis were employed, along with systematic observations of bio-precursor types under fluorescence microscopy. Based on mineral identification and quantitative statistics, the Fengcheng Formation was classified into three zones according to different alkaline mineral assemblages: an inner zone dominated by sodium carbonate minerals, a transitional zone with higher borosilicate mineral content, and a marginal zone characterized by abundant calcite deposition. The inner zone is characterized by the presence of lamalginite and telalginite, which are influenced by high pH values and changes in water depth, and exhibit high maturity characteristics. The transitional zone exhibits high total organic carbon (TOC) values, with predominantly type I and type II1 kerogen. Under fluorescence, the main components were observed to be lamalginite and telalginite, with their distribution being influenced by high salinity and ash supply. The marginal zone has relatively lower TOC than the previous two zones, which is dominated by type II2 kerogens, and contains a certain quantity of terrigenous inertinite supply. The hydrocarbon generation patterns of lamalginite and telalginite are consistent with the bimodal efficient hydrocarbon generation model observed in the source rocks of Fengcheng Formation, revealing the unique hydrocarbon generation model of organic matter in alkaline lacustrine source rocks. This research has significant implications for the exploration strategy of the alkaline lacustrine deposits in the Fengcheng Formation and similar oil- and gas-bearing basins.
New urban power grid flexible load dispatching architecture and key technologies
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yu Jilai
Published: June 2023

Towards the dual-carbon goals, the new urban power grid (NUPG) dominated by new energy has a low proportion of adjustable power generation units, resulting in insufficient scheduling flexibility. As a result, it becomes challenging to cope with the complex operating conditions of the NUPG. In this paper, after analyzing the new operational characteristics and challenges of the NUPG, a flexible load dispatching architecture and key technologies for the NUPG are proposed. These enhance the scheduling flexibility of the NUPG from the load side, which further provides support for the operation of the large power grid. Then, the types of scheduling objects, scheduling methods, scheduling tasks, and four essential dispatching technologies are introduced to provide a reference for building the NUPG flexible load dispatching system. Finally, the effectiveness of the NUPG flexible dispatching architecture and technologies is verified by simulation analysis of the IEEE39-bus system and the actual power grid in East China.
Optimal power distributed control of the DC microgrid in meshed configuration
Authors: Yang Zhichun , Yang Fan , Chen Jiawen
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a Lyapunov-based power sharing control scheme and a fixed-time-based distributed optimization algorithm to achieve optimal power sharing of sources in a DC microgrid. The Lyapunov-based controller is designed based on so-called ratio consensus protocol, where it drives the sources to a desired proportional power sharing by regulating the voltage profile of the DC microgrid. The distributed optimization optimizer is established by integrating a finite-time weighted consensus algorithm with an iterative algebraic operation, where it calculates the optimal power dispatch on the target of minimizing the generation cost. The optimizer receives the current output power of the controlled DC microgrid and sends the obtained power dispatch to the power sharing controller as the proportionality coefficients. Both the controller and optimizer are carried out in a fully distributed way. Under the framework of the Lyapunov method, stability analysis of the DC microgrid with the proposed control scheme, as well as convergence and optimality analysis of the distributed optimization algorithm, is provided. However, the influence of the time delay of the controller on the system remains to be further investigated in future work.
Evolution of spatiotemporal patterns in vegetation net primary productivity and the driving forces on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Mao Shenglin , Shangguan Zhouping
Published: June 2023

In this study, we determined whether changes in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) can be used to characterize the quality of terrestrial ecosystems, which is critical for global change and carbon balance. We first explored the spatial correlation of NPP and its impact on vegetation restoration. MOD17A3 remote sensing products were used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in NPP on the Loess Plateau (LP) over the last two decades (2000–2020). The resulting spatial autocorrelation indices identified cold and hot spots in the spatial clustering patterns. The effects of climate change and human activities on the anomalous clustering of NPP were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis and multi-temporal land use land cover data. The results indicate that i) Temporally, from 2000 to 2020, the NPP of the LP increased significantly by 6.88 gCm−2yr−1 and so did the proportion of revegetated land area >400 gCm−2yr−1 from 4% to 37%. Spatially, NPP showed an increasing trend from northwest to southeast. ii) The vegetation NPP on the LP showed a strong positive global spatial autocorrelation (p< 0.01). The hot and cold regions were polarized; the cold spots were clustered in the northwest, while the hot spots in the south and east. The spatial clustering patterns were dominated by high-high (HH) and low-low (LL) clusters. Abnormal patterns existed mainly in the transition areas between HH and LL clusters and insignificant regions, which were jointly affected by human activities and climate change. iii) Precipitation was the dominant climatic factor (86%) affecting the NPP variation in the LP, with the annual minimum precipitation showing a significantly positive relationship with the interannual variability in NPP, while the maximum precipitations greatly influenced the variation in local spatial anomaly patterns. This suggests that climatic extremes affect vegetation. Our study helps to facilitate green ecological management and high-quality development in the LP.
SOC sequestration affected by fertilization in rice-based cropping systems over the last four decades
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Sun Nan , Liang Shuo , Zhang Shuxiang , Meersmans Jeroen , Colinet Gilles , Xu Minggang , Wu Lianhai
Published: June 2023

Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks through fertilization and crop rotation will contribute to sustaining crop productivity and mitigating global warming. In this study, we analyzed the differences in total SOC stocks and their driving factors in the topsoil (0–20 cm) with various fertilization measures in two puddled lowland rice-based cropping systems (i.e., rice-wheat rotation and double rice rotation systems) over the last four decades from seven long-term experiments in the Yangtze River catchment. The soil types include Cambisol, Luvisol, and Anthrosol. The treatments include no fertilizer application (CK), application of chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (NPK) and a combination of NPK and manure applications (NPKM). Every year, field was ploughed to a depth of 15–20 cm before wheat sowing and rice transplanting. Residue was removed after plant harvesting. Results showed that during the last four decades, the average crop grain yield ranged from 1,151 ± 504 kg ha−1 yr−1 under CK treatment to 7,553 ± 1,373 kg ha−1 yr−1 under NPKM treatment. The topsoil SOC stock significantly increased by 8.6 t ha−1 on average under NPKM treatment in rice-wheat system and by 2.5–6.4 t ha−1 on average under NPK and NPKM treatments in double rice system as compared with CK. A higher SOC sequestration rate and a longer SOC sequestration duration were found in NPKM treatment than that in NPK treatment in both cropping systems. The highest SOC stock ratio (SOC stock in fertilizer treatments to CK) was observed under the NPKM treatment in both cropping systems, though no significant difference was found between these two cropping systems. However, the fertilization-induced relative increase of the SOC stock was 109.5% and 45.8% under the NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively in the rice-wheat system than that in the double rice system. This indicates that the rice-wheat system is more conducive for SOC sequestration. RF and SEM analyses revealed that the magnitude and influencing factors driving SOC sequestration varied between two systems. In the double rice system, continuous flooding weakens the influence of precipitation on SOC sequestration and highlights the importance of soil properties and C input. In contrast, soil properties, C input and climate factors all have important impacts on SOC sequestration in rice-wheat system. This study reveals that the rice-wheat system is more favorable for SOC sequestration despite its lower C input compared to the double rice system in China’s paddies.
Impacts of climate change on streamflow in the McKenzie Creek watershed in the Great Lakes region
Authors: Deen Tariq A. , Arain M. Altaf , Champagne Olivier , Chow-Fraser Patricia , Martin-Hill Dawn
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study explored streamflow dynamics of the McKenzie Creek watershed in Southern Ontario, Canada under a changing climate. The Creek is located in the southern portion of the Grand River watershed in the Great Lakes region and is an important water and ecosystem service provider for the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve, the largest (by population) Indigenous community in Canada and the fourth largest in North America.

Methods: The Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW) was used to simulate streamflow from 1951 to 2020 using observed gridded meteorological data from Natural Resources Canada (NRCANmet) and in situ data from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Downscaled data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 were used to run GSFLOW for the historic (1951–2020) and projected (2021–2099) period.

Results: Results suggested that streamflow in the McKenzie Creek will be significantly impacted by climate change in winter months when streamflow is projected to increase due to higher temperatures causing early melting of snowpack and increasing winter precipitation. Consequently, spring streamflow is expected to decrease and little or no change in streamflow in the summer and autumn. These changes in streamflow dynamics may lead to more flooding incidents in the winter, while at the same time, the region may face reduced water availability or dry conditions in late spring and summer due to warm temperatures.

Discussion: This study provides important information about streamflow and hydrologic dynamics of this watershed that will help managers and planners to better manage water resources and be prepared to deal with climate change and its impacts on water availability and security not only for the Six Nations area but also for Southern Ontario which houses one-third of Canada’s population.
GIS-based modeling of landslide susceptibility zonation by integrating the frequency ratio and objective–subjective weighting approach: a case study in a tropical monsoon climate region
Authors: Hoa Pham Viet , Tuan Nguyen Quang , Hong Pham Viet , Thao Giang Thi Phuong , Binh Nguyen An
Published: June 2023

Accurate detection of landslide spatial patterns is vital in susceptibility, hazard, and risk disaster mapping. Geographic Information System (GIS)-based quantitative approaches provide a rigorous procedure for gaining deep insight into natural and anthropogenic landslides from different scales. This study aims to implement a comprehensive solution for retrieving the landslide susceptibility index. For that purpose, a landslide inventory was performed in a tropical monsoon climate region, with a magnitude of elevation spanning from −65 m to 1,900 m above the sea, considering 15 fundamental causative factors belonging to the groups of topography, hydrology, geology, land cover conditions and anthropogenic activities, and weather. The frequency ratio (FR) was implemented to rank subclasses in each causative factor. For factor weight estimation, different approaches were applied, including the subjective-based analytic hierarchy process (AHP), objective-based Shannon entropy (SE), and a synergy of both methods (AHP–SE), built on these two approaches. Out of the 271 identified landslide locations, 70% (196 points) were used for training and the remaining 30% (71 points) were applied for validation. The results showed that the integrated AHP–SE outperformed the two individual approaches, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) reaching 0.876, following SE (AUC = 0.848) and AHP (AUC = 0.818). In the synergy approach, the climate pattern under tropical monsoons was confirmed as the most crucial landslide-predisposing factor. The research contributes to a novel discussion by integrating knowledge-based consultation and statistical data analysis of accurate geospatial data, incorporating significant explanatory factors toward a reliable landslide-prone zonation over space and time dimensions.